gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-evaporator hybrid loop heat pipe for small spacecraft thermal management (2005)

This paper describes the design, development, modeling, and testing of a miniaturized multi-evaporator hybrid loop heat pipe (ME-HLHP), a centralized thermal bus (CTB) architecture proposed as the next-generation thermal management system (TMS) for future small spacecraft. This work was performed during a 6-month phase. A study as part of the NASA ST-8 program. To validate ME-HLHP technology, single, dual, and quad-evaporator test loops were designed, fabricated, and tested. SINDA/FLUTNT models of the ME-HLHP system were developed to optimize loop thermal-hydraulic design. The results indicated quad-evaporator transport (8-280 W), single-evaporator transport (2-100 W), maximum flux (30 W/cm/sup 2/), conductance (5-8 W/K per evaporator), heat load sharing (> 95%), condenser switching, sink temperature variation (233-273 K), freeze tolerant condenser design, temperature control (+/- 0.25 K, variable set-point), rapid start-up (/spl sim/ 30 minutes), low control power (2-3 W), and Teflon wick evaporator durability (233-353 K cycling). Plans to continue ME-HLHP technology development leading to an ST-8 flight experiment were formulated.
Real-Time Depth Measurement with Coiled Tubing Results in Successful Well Recompletion (2006)

Abstract In an environment of high drilling activity and a limited amount of rigs, available alternative completion methods using Wireline or coiled tubing enables a more efficient drilling and completion process. For a successful completion, depth control is critical for the placement of perforating guns and completion hardware. Common practice is to perform the perforating using Wireline, which becomes challenging with wellbore angles over 60 deg. The use of coiled tubing enables the completion of highly deviated or horizontal wellbores, but depth critical operations performed using coiled tubing historically have presented industry challenges. Using the innovative real time depth measurement (RTDM) tool overcomes the limitations of other down hole depth- correlation methods. This paper describes the design, planning and execution of a completion in a horizontal well using coiled tubing and a RTDM tool.
N-Aryl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines: A novel class of antitumor agents targeting the colchicine site on tubulin (2020)

Structural optimizations of the prior lead 1a led to the discovery of a series of N-aryl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as a novel class of tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeted at the colchicine binding site. The most active compound 6d showed extremely high cytotoxicity against a human tumor cell line panel (A549, KB, KBvin, and DU145) with GI50 values ranging from 1.5 to 1.7 nM, significantly more potent than paclitaxel, especially against the drug-resistant KBvin cell line, in the same assays. Analogues 5f, 6b, 6c, and 6e were also quite potent, with a GI50 range of 0.011–0.19 μM. In further studies, active compounds 6b–6e and 5f significantly inhibited tubulin assembly, with IC50 values of 0.92 to 1.0 μM and strongly inhibited colchicine binding to tubulin, with inhibition rates of 75–99% (at 5 μM), comparable with or more potent than combretastatin A-4 (IC50 0.96 μM). Current studies included design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of 24 new compounds (series 3–6). Related SAR analysis, molecular modeling, and evaluation of essential drug-like properties, i.e. water solubility, log P, and in vitro metabolic stability, were also performed.
Roles of atomic restructuring in interfacial phonon transport (2010)

Phonon resistance can dominate the interfacial thermal resistance between hard and soft solids. Using ab initio calculation, molecular-dynamics simulation and the diffuse mismatch model for Si/In as example, we decompose phonon interfacial resistance into boundary and interfacial-region resistances. These show that the interfacial atomic restructuring as well as the cross-boundary interactions reduce the phonon boundary resistance by providing additional transport channels altering their phonon density of states and cause extra interfacial-region resistances due to additional phonon scattering.
Synthesis and Characterization of Injectable Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Hydrogels That Support Tissue Formation in Vitro (1999)

Hydrogels that support tissue formation in vitro were developed using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [P(NIPAAm)]. Loosely cross-linked P(NIPAAm) and poly(NIPAAm-co-acrylic acid) [P(NIPAAm-co-AAc)] hydrogels were synthesized with N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) cross-linker. At room temperature (RT), the hydrogels were transparent and extremely pliable, while at 37 °C, the matrices became opaque and were significantly more rigid. The P(NIPAAm-co-AAc) hydrogel demonstrated significantly less volume change between RT and 37 °C, contained significantly more water at 37 °C, and had a lower critical solution temperature which was significantly higher, as compared to that of the P(NIPAAm) hydrogel. The hydrogels supported bovine articular chondrocyte viability for at least 28 days of in vitro culture, and cartilage-like tissue was formed in the matrices. These hydrogels can be injected through a small-diameter aperture and offer the benefit of in situ stabilization without the possible deleterious effects of in situ polymerization. Thus, these hydrogels have the potential to be used as injectable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
BM-36 * MICROENVIRONMENT-DEPENDENT CHANGES TO THE MATURE microRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE OF BREAST CANCER CELLS METASTATIC TO THE BRAIN (2014)

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common source of metastatic lesions to the CNS, yet the mechanisms by which metastatic BC cells (BMET) survive in the brain remain poorly understood. Given their ability to regulate the expression of multiple mRNA targets, microRNAs (miRNA) may play a critical role. miRNA dysregulation has been observed in both primary and metastatic tumors, and can be actively exchanged between cancer cells and the surrounding stroma via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our overall hypothesis is that microRNAs released by BMETs are important mediators of communication between tumor and stromal astrocytes (SAs), resulting in measurable changes to the miRNA and target gene expression profile of both donor and recipient cells. Identified miRNA signatures could serve as important biomarkers of metastatic potential and provide new targets for novel therapeutic interventions. Here, we use an in vitro co-culture model to characterize the miRNA signature of BMETs, SAs, and the EVs exchanged between them. We show that the mature miRNA expression profiles could reliably distinguish between BMETs cultured in isolation or co-cultured with astrocytes. Isolated EVs showed enrichment for a specific set of miRNAs, which were differentially expressed between BMETs and SAs. A subset of these miRNAs, not normally expressed in BMETs, was particularly abundant in EVs. They were not transcriptionally induced, implicating EV-mediated transport from SAs to BC cells. Bio-informatic analysis revealed multiple miRNA targets in the pro-apoptotic pathway, which were validated by qPCR and WB. Functional analysis revealed that over-expression protected cells from apoptosis, while miRNA-knockdown induced it. Thus, infiltrating BMETs can harness anti-apoptotic miRNAs from reactive astrocytes, thereby promoting survival and growth. This work identifies novel targets for therapeutic intervention, which could prevent micrometastases from progressing to clinically relevant lesions in the brain. These findings are currently being tested in vivo using a mouse xenograft model.
Subliming Surfaces: volatile binding media in heritage conservation (2018)

This book brings together 22 papers and posters that were presented at the conference ‘Subliming Surfaces: Volatile Binding Media in Heritage Conservation’ in Cambridge, April 2015.
Data modeling enabled real time image processing for target discrimination (2005)

UMV sensors currently under development for Future Combat Systems (FCS) require imaging capabilities. System firmware limitations also limit onboard image processing capabilities. Data Modeling mitigates these limitations through robust image segmentation and image enhancement using simple equations. To illustrate, we present a novel real-time seeker imaging simulation comprised of empirically derived Data Models for all aspects of the simulation. This includes FPA uniformity, shot noise, target geometry and dynamics, as well as fast real-time image segmentation and image enhancement. We demonstrate image enhancement by conversion of non-linear image processing routines such as Van Cittert deconvolution and Sobel edge detection into a single pass equation without intermediate storage requirements.
Evaluation of an intragastric challenge model for<i>Shigella dysenteriae</i>1 in rhesus monkeys (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) for the pre‐clinical assessment of<i>Shigella</i>vaccine formulations (2013)

Shigellosis is a worldwide disease, characterized by abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and the passage of blood- and mucus-streaked stools. Rhesus monkeys and other primates are the only animals that are naturally susceptible to shigellosis. A suitable animal model is required for the pre-clinical evaluation of vaccines candidates. In this study, the minimal dose of Shigella dysenteriae1 1617 strain required to produce dysentery in four of five (80% attack rate) monkeys using an escalating dose range for three groups [2 × 10(8) , 2 × 10(9) and 2 × 10(10) colony forming unit (CFU)] was determined. In addition, the monkeys were re-infected. The identified optimal challenge dose was 2 × 10(9) CFU; this dose elicited 60% protection in monkeys when they were re-challenged with a one log higher dose (2 × 10(10) CFU). The challenge dose, 2 × 10(10) CFU, produced severe dysentery in all monkeys, with one monkey dying within 24 h, elicited 100% protection when re-challenged with the same dose. All monkeys exhibited immune responses. This study concludes that the rhesus monkey model closely mimics the disease and immune response seen in humans and is a suitable animal model for the pre-clinical evaluation of Shigella vaccine candidates. Prior infection with the 1617 strain can protect monkeys against subsequent re-challenges with homologous strains.
D3.2 Proposals for next generation of connected IoT modules (2022)

This document describes the technical work and solutions of iNGENIOUS on air interface and device connectivity for next generation Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. In short, this deliverable targets at explaining the communication performance evaluation and analysis of IoT technologies and devices, the proposed innovations for efficient air interface and versatile communication applied to heterogeneous IoT networks, the relationship of these technical efforts to the project’s architecture and use cases, as well as their exploitation potential.
Rising hospitalization rates for inflammatory bowel disease in the United States between 1998 and 2004# (2007)

Hospitalization rates for IBD, particularly CD, have increased within a 7-year period, incurring a substantial rise in inflation-adjusted economic burden. The findings reinforce the need for effective treatment strategies to reduce IBD complications.
A View on Deep Reinforcement Learning in System Optimization (2019)

Many real-world systems problems require reasoning about the long term consequences of actions taken to configure and manage the system. These problems with delayed and often sequentially aggregated reward, are often inherently reinforcement learning problems and present the opportunity to leverage the recent substantial advances in deep reinforcement learning. However, in some cases, it is not clear why deep reinforcement learning is a good fit for the problem. Sometimes, it does not perform better than the state-of-the-art solutions. And in other cases, random search or greedy algorithms could outperform deep reinforcement learning. In this paper, we review, discuss, and evaluate the recent trends of using deep reinforcement learning in system optimization. We propose a set of essential metrics to guide future works in evaluating the efficacy of using deep reinforcement learning in system optimization. Our evaluation includes challenges, the types of problems, their formulation in the deep reinforcement learning setting, embedding, the model used, efficiency, and robustness. We conclude with a discussion on open challenges and potential directions for pushing further the integration of reinforcement learning in system optimization.
Effect of Packet Inter-arrival Time on the Energy Consumption of Beacon Enabled MAC Protocol for Body Area Networks (2014)

One of the major concerns for the development of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is to increase the network lifetime. IEEE 802.15.4 standard for Medium Access Control (MAC) layer can be used for energy efficient and reliable transmission by modifying the different control parameters. Such a modification is very difficult, because an accurate model for the influence of these control parameters of minimum energy and delay is not available. Moreover, there is no mechanism available how to adopt and implement these parameters that can implement on the Body Nodes (BNs). In this paper, we provide the mechanism for emergency data along with normal and periodic data by modifying the superframe structure. Coordinator transmits and extra beacon upon the request of emergency data. A comprehensive analysis of energy consumption of BNs including the affect of packet inter-arrival time is given in this paper. Analysis show that, Contention Access Period (CAP) of superframe is not feasible for emergency data due to its extra delay and energy.
TGF-beta and collagen-alpha 1 (I) gene expression are increased in hepatic acinar zone 1 of rats with iron overload (1994)

We have shown that lipid peroxidation stimulates collagen-alpha 1 (I) gene transcription in cultured cells. Because iron is a transitional metal known to induce lipid peroxidation, we investigated whether hepatic lipid peroxidation modulates collagen gene expression in iron-overloaded rats. In this animal model of hemochromatosis, we show colocalization with iron in the hepatic acinar zone 1 of both lipid peroxidation and increased collagen-alpha 1 (I) transcripts, using immunohistochemistry for malondialdehyde-protein adducts and in situ hybridization, respectively. Iron overload stimulated the expression of the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in acinar zone 1, in spite of the minor degree of hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation. The formation of reactive aldehydes and TGF-beta, both inducers of collagen gene expression, may play a role in the stimulation of hepatic collagen production in iron overload. These mechanisms could be a link between iron overload and fibrosis in genetic hemochromatosis.
An innovative metro viaduct using UHPC (2017)

&lt;p&gt;Systra had developed since 1996 a concept of U-shape viaduct, used for more than 300 km of metro viaducts throughout the world. In order to continuously improve the transportation infrastructures, SYSTRA has developed recently, with inputs from Lafarge Holcim, a new structural and architectural concept for metro viaducts, using UHPC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The deck and the piers are made of a combination of UHPC and ordinary concrete. The lateral beams have openings in order to: clear the view from the metro passengers across the lateral beams, improve the architectural aspect and allow various esthetical expressions, and optimize the UHPC use. Thanks to this new design, the span between piers is about 45m to 50m (instead of formerly 35m for SYSTRA classical U-shape viaducts). Globally the carbon print of the UHPC viaduct is less important than the classical viaducts, due to a better durability of UHPC.&lt;/p&gt;
Figure S7 page3 from Combination Therapies with CDK4/6 Inhibitors to Treat &lt;i&gt;KRAS-&lt;/i&gt;Mutant Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S7 page3&lt;/p&gt;
Decentralized model reference adaptive control of water quality in water distribution networks (2002)

This paper presents a partially decentralized adaptive control approach for water distribution networks. The approach is based on approximating the input/output dynamic behavior of chlorine concentration in the distribution system as a time-varying, discrete-time linear model with uncertain or unknown coefficients. Each local adaptive control algorithm requires knowledge of the remaining control actions but feedback information from only one sensor output. The closed-loop stability properties of the control algorithm are investigated and a simulation example is presented to illustrate the approach.
TXNIP loss expands Myc-dependent transcriptional programs by increasing Myc genomic binding (2022)

Abstract c-Myc protooncogene places a demand on glucose uptake to drive glucose-dependent biosynthetic pathways. To achieve this demand, c-Myc protein (Myc henceforth) drives the expression of glucose transporters and represses the expression of Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP), which is a potent negative regulator of glucose uptake. A Myc high /TXNIP low gene signature is clinically significant as it correlates with poor clinical prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) but not in other subtypes of breast cancer. To better understand how TXNIP function contributes to the aggressive behavior of TNBC, we generated TXNIP null MDA-MB-231 (231:TKO) cells for our study. We show here that TXNIP loss drives a transcriptional program that resembles those driven by Myc and increases global Myc genome occupancy. TXNIP loss allows Myc to invade the promoters and enhancers of target genes that are potentially relevant to cell transformation. Together, these findings suggest that TXNIP is a broad repressor of Myc genomic binding. The increase in Myc genomic binding in the 231:TKO cells expands the Myc-dependent transcriptome we identified in parental MDA-MB-231 cells. This expansion of Myc-dependent transcription following TXNIP loss occurs without an apparent increase in Myc’s intrinsic capacity to activate transcription and without increasing Myc levels. Together, our findings suggest that TXNIP loss mimics Myc overexpression, connecting Myc genomic binding and transcriptional programs to the metabolic signals that control TXNIP expression.
Life at the End of the Tunnel: Why Emergent CT Angiography Should Be Done for Patients With Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2008)

We read with interest the provocative recent editorial by Kallmes et al[1][1] condemning the use of CT angiography (CTA) in the work-up of patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We feel compelled to express our disagreement. Our experience with CTA as a first-line screening technique in
Molecule-Induced Homolysis versus “Concerted Oxenoid Oxygen Insertion” in the Oxidation of Organic Compounds by Dimethyldioxirane (1998)

Evidence for a molecule-induced homolysis of dimethyldioxirane by several classes of organic compounds (alkanes, alkenes, ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, iododerivatives) is reported. Carbon-centered radicals, arising from alkanes, ethers, and aldehydes, are trapped by CBrCl3 or protonated quinolines. The dramatic influence of oxygen in these reactions, as well as the formation of products of induced homolysis of the dioxirane by carbon-centered radicals (CH4, CH3OH, CH3COOCH3, ROCOCH3, CH3COOCH2COCH3), strongly supports a radical mechanism. With alkenes and iodo derivatives the induced homolysis would lead to diradical intermediates, whose very fast fragmentation would prevent detection, but circumstantial evidence supports a radical mechanism.
Vascular renin-angiotensin-system, endothelial function and atherosclerosis? (1994)

Clinical observations demonstrate an enhanced risk for myocardial infarction in patients with sustained activation of the local and/or systemic renin-angiotensin system, such as a high renin-sodium profile or a heritably enhanced expression of angiotensin converting enzyme. Chronic renin-angiotensin system blockade by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in patients with moderate heart failure reduces the rate of myocardial infarction and reinfarction. Preliminary experimental evidence suggests that these clinical observations may be partially explained by a proatherogenic effect of an activated renin-angiotensin system, which can downregulate the endothelial releasability of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide exerts many potentially antiatherogenic effects on endothelium, platelets and low density lipoproteins and indirectly on monocytes and leukocytes. Hypertension-induced chronic distension of elastic arteries upregulates the local renin-angiotensin system in these arteries and thereby downregulates nitric oxide releasability. Enhanced local synthesis of the trophic factor angiotensin-II and reduced releasability of the antitrophic factor nitric oxide appear to cooperate in the trophic adaptation of the distended vessel wall to the enhanced load, but with the disadvantage of enhanced susceptibility for atheroma development due to reduced releasability of nitric oxide. Chronic blockade of the renin angiotensin system by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or by angiotensin receptor type-1 antagonists normalizes a reduced endothelial releasability of nitric oxide in several models, partially by a bradykinin-dependent mechanism. This endothelial protection proved to attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis in experimental models. The antiatherogenic potential of renin angiotensin system blockade in humans is presently under study.
Application of AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) to the biomedical sciences (1990)

Radioisotopic tracers are a useful tool in numerous areas of biomedical research, including metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and the detailed study of biomolecular interactions. Accelerator mass spectrometry was suggested as a tool for the biomedical sciences shortly after its invention, but few attempts to use its sensitivity in such research have been reported. We have examined some of the strengths and limitations of the technique and find that AMS has a sensitivity advantage over decay-counting for the long-lived radioisotopes and for shorter-lived, common radiotracers. The advantage can be translated into the use of much smaller sample sizes and much lower radioisotope concentrations, both of which present new opportunities for biochemical tracing and human research. New approaches to separation and preparation of the material to be assayed for radiotracers will be developed to take advantage of the sensitivity and specificity. Most biochemical laboratories have used radioactive isotopes as tracers and their facilities have been contaminated with unacceptably high levels of these tracers. Careful protocols and/or new facilities are required to prevent contamination of the AMS samples. 23 refs., 3 figs.
Microwave acoustic sensors as an efficient means to monitor water infrastructures (2009)

The paper presents preliminary results obtained during an experimental activity carried out to evaluate the applicability of wireless sensor networks in underground water pipes. For this purpose, a wireless sensor, connected to a dedicated acoustic interface, was waterproofed, to allow its insertion within pipes filled with water. The microwave components were designed to optimize the transmission towards the ground surface, while the form of the radome was chosen to avoid unwanted rotations of the antenna, and consequently link degradations. The introduced technological solution was experimentally validated In a controlled scenario, an ldquoad-hocrdquo wireless sensor network was designed and tested, performing analyses on water pipes of different dimensions at a varying depths in the ground, down to 2.5 meters. Results show excellent performance and reliability.