gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de vectores para el virus West Nile en Venezuela, utilizando VecTest TM para el diagnóstico rápido de mosquitos infectados (2009)

Entre junio de 2006 y junio de 2007, se colectaron mosquitos en busca de hospederos, usando trampas de luz cebadas con CO2 y se analizaron en grupos (pools) para demostrar la presencia de antigeno del Virus del Oeste del Nilo (VON) mediante la prueba de VecTest TM (ensayo rapido de captura de antigeno en formato indicador). Se tomaron muestras de mosquitos en el oriente y occidente de Venezuela, en ambos casos en localidades urbanas y rurales. Los antigenos de VON no fueron identificados entre los 11.684 mosquitos capturados. La especie mas predominante resulto ser Culex (Cu.) mollis (Dyar & Knab, 1906) 70,4 % y Aedes taeniorynchus (Wiedemann, 1821) 15,6 % en el Municipio Paez en el Estado Zulia, mientras que en el estado Sucre, Coquilletidia venezuelensis , (Theobald, 1912) fue el mosquito capturado con mayor frecuencia (51%). El vector de VON en Venezuela permanece sin identificar. Investigaciones entomologicas adicionales, se deben realizar donde haya sido demostrado la existencia de infecciones en vertebrados.
Cdx2 expression in pancreatic tumors: Relationship with prognosis of invasive ductal carcinomas (2004)

We have previously reported that Caudal-related homeobox gene 2 (Cdx2) is a useful prognostic intestinal phenotypic marker for advanced gastric cancers. In this study, we examined Cdx2 expression and phenotype in pancreatic tumors. We evaluated 19 mucinous cystic tumors (MCTs), 17 intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors (IPMTs), and 41 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) with regard to their gastrointestinal phenotype. The expression of Cdx2 was also assessed immunohistochemically. The lesions were phenotypically divided into 39 gastric (G type), 29 gastric and intestinal mixed (GI type), 3 intestinal (I type), and 6 null (N type) types, independent of the histopathological type. Most of the pancreatic tumors were thus judged to be the positive for gastric phenotypic members. Cdx2 nuclear staining demonstrated a close relation to the intestinal phenotypic expression in all three types (MCTs, IPMTs, and IDCs; p<0.05). In IDCs, Kaplan-Meier analysis of Cdx2 expression showed the Cdx2-positive group to have a significantly better outcome than their negative counterparts (p=0.015). In conclusion, our data suggest that Cdx2 might be necessary for intestinal phenotypic expression even in pancreatic tumor cells. In addition, Cdx2 expression in IDCs may be a novel prognostic marker for patient survival.
BER bounds for turbo coded modulation and their application to adaptive modulation (2002)

We present upper bounds for bit error rates of turbo coded modulation (TuCM) on AWGN channels. We then apply these bounds to calculate the spectral efficiency of adaptive TuCM on flat fading channels, which comes within 4 dB of the fading channel capacity limit.
Interleukin 2– and Interferon Alpha Induced Natural Killer Cell Activity as a Marker of Progression in Hairy Cell Leukemia (1993)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), a rare B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder, is often accompanied by immune abnormalities. A marked impairment of the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NK activity) has been reported in most patients at diagnosis. In the present report a long-term follow-up study of NK activity of splenectomized HCL patients is recorded. Among patients who persisted with stable disease two groups, one with normal NK activity, and another with low NK activity, could be recognized. Patients with progressive stage were characterized by a low NK cytotoxic activity. In vitro tests showed that interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin 2 (IL2) could increase the NK activity to normal levels only in HCL patients with stable disease, while in progressive HCL these cytokines showed a significantly decreased effect. These results indicate that cytokine-induced NK cytotoxicity appears to be a valuable parameter in assessing the stage of HCL.
Soliton amplification and transmission with Er3+-doped fibre repeater pumped by GaInAsP laser diode (1991)

Optical solitons in 1.5μm dispersion-shifted optical fibres have been successfully amplified and transmitted over 30– 50 km with an Er3+-doped single-mode fibre repeater. The Er repeater was pumped by a GaInAsP Fabry-Perot-type, high-power laser diode, and a gain as high as 10 dB was obtained in the soliton power regime for an Er pump power of 50mW.
Requirements for Hybrid Cosimulation (2014)

Abstract : This paper defines a suite of requirements for future hybrid cosimulation standards, and specifically provides guidance for development of a hybrid cosimulation version of the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) standard. A cosimulation standard defines interfaces that enable diverse simulation tools to interoperate. Specifically, one tool defines a component that forms part of a simulation model in another tool. We focus on components with inputs and outputs that are functions of time, and specifically on inputs and outputs that are mixtures of discrete events and continuous time signals. This hybrid mixture is not well supported by existing cosimulation standards, and specifically not by FMI 2.0, for reasons that are explained in this paper. The paper defines a suite of test components, giving a mathematical model of an ideal behavior, plus a discussion of practical implementation considerations. The discussion includes acceptance criteria by which we can determine whether a standard supports definition of each component. In addition, the paper defines a set of test compositions of components. These compositions define requirements for coordination between components, including consistent handling of timed events.
Structure and properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) crystallized by converging flow and high pressure (1984)

Abstract The structure and properties of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) extrudate, prepared by converging flow and high pressure, were examined. Relatively high levels of crystallinity and orientation were produced by the combination of an orienting flow and high‐pressure quench. The fine structure was examined in detail by x‐ray diffraction, negative staining–transmission electron microscopy, and amine etching–gel permeation chromatography. The morphology was directly relatable to this unique preparative technique. Modulus was determined by a compressive Rheovibron technique. Low shrinkage and the compressive modulus were related to the structure in the development of a structural model.
A New Organotypic Culture of Adipose Tissue Fragments Maintains Viable Mature Adipocytes for a Long Term, Together with Development of Immature Adipocytes and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells (2008)

Adipose tissue that consists of mature and immature adipocytes is suggested to contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but a culture system for analyzing their cell types within the tissue has not been established. Here we show that three-dimensional collagen gel culture of rat sc adipose tissue fragments maintained viable mature adipocytes for a long term, producing immature adipocytes and MSC-like cells from the fragments, using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and real time RT-PCR. Bromodeoxyuridine uptake of mature adipocytes was detected. Adiponectin and leptin, and adipocyte-specific genes of adiponectin, leptin, and PPAR-gamma were detected in culture assembly, whereas the lipogenesis factor insulin (20 mU/ml) and inflammation-related agent TNF-alpha (2 nm) increased and decreased, respectively, all of their displays. Both spindle-shaped cell types with oil red O-positive lipid droplets and those with expression of MSC markers (CD105 and CD44) developed around the fragments. The data indicate that adipose tissue-organotypic culture retains unilocular structure, proliferative ability, and some functions of mature adipocytes, generating both immature adipocytes and CD105+/CD44+ MSC-like cells. This suggests that our method will open up a new way for studying both multiple cell types within adipose tissue and the cell-based mechanisms of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Engineering bright fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy (NV) nano-diamonds: Role of low-energy ion-irradiation parameters (2018)

Bright emission from fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) is highly desirable for optical bio-imaging applications. Here we report about optimized ion-irradiation and heat treatment conditions for efficient creation of Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in high pressure high temperature (HPHT) grown type Ib Nanodiamond samples irradiated in energy range (20-50 KeV) and at varying fluence (1012-1016 ions/cm2). Different low energy ion irradiations are not detrimental for the crystallinity of nanodiamonds as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and HRTEM. The concentration of defects near the outer surface (non-diamond carbon) has been increased for highest ion dose (50 KeV, 1016 ions/cm2) as compared to lower ion dose (50 KeV, 1013 ions/cm2). The relative emission intensity of characteristic Zero-phonon lines of NV°, NV- centers as compared to broad emission in the range 550-750 nm was monitored with varying NV creation conditions. Sample irradiated at 50 KeV and with fluence of 1013 ions/cm2 show maximum emission in the phonon side band (550-750 nm) with maxima at 680 nm. These optimized ion irradiation conditions leads to the fabrication of 12.5±0.8 ppm concentration of NV- centers in nanodiamonds. This is desirable for their use as biomarker. This work provides a recipe for creating bright nanodiamonds for optical imaging applications.
Signal processing and control paradigms for industrial web and sheet manufacturing (2000)

The dynamic analysis of paper making, polymer extrusion and similar web (also known as sheet) forming processes is treated in a number of different ways in the literature. However, fundamental modelling arguments lead to contol paradigms based upon two-dimensional (2-D) dynamical systems and orthogonal basis function representations. These paradigms are pursued here in a way which traces the associated estimation and control algorithms and the vital issue of sensing. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems using tabu search algorithms (2014)

In this paper, a new method to optimise interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2FLSs) using two forms of tabu search (TS) is presented. TS algorithms search for the best configuration of the interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) rule-base membership functions parameters. Directed tabu search (DTS), which uses pattern search to control TS moves, and short-term tabu search (STS) have been applied with IT2FLS to a classification problem of two benchmark datasets. The main objective is to better improve the configuration of (IT2FLSs) using an intelligent directed search rather than a random-based search. The comparison results show that DTS outperformed the default TS by a noticeable difference. This observation reveals the importance of using guided search moves rather than using a randomized search direction especially with complex large intelligent systems as in (IT2FLSs).
A rechargeable battery using electrochemically doped poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (1985)

T. Kakuta, Y. Shirota and H. Mikawa, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 553 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000553
Colorectal cancer: The epigenetic role of microbiome (2019)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men (746000 cases per year) and the second most common cancer in women globally (614000 cases per year). The incidence rate of CRC in developed countries (737000 cases per year) is higher than that in less developed countries (624000 cases per year). CRC can arise from genetic causes such as chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability. Several etiologic factors underlie CRC including age, diet, and lifestyle. Gut microbiota represent a proven cause of the disease, where they play pivotal roles in modulating and reshaping the host epigenome. Several active microbial metabolites have been found to drive carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis <i>via</i> modifying both the methylation landscape along with histone structure in intestinal cells. Gut microbiota, in response to diet, can exert both beneficial and harmful functions in humans, according to the intestinal balance of number and types of these bacteria. Although the intestinal microbial community is diverse among individuals, these microbes cumulatively produce 100-fold more proteins than the human genome itself, which calls for further studies to elaborate on the complicated interaction between these microorganisms and intestinal cells. Therefore, understanding the exact role that gut microbiota play in inducing CRC will help attain reliable strategies to precisely diagnose and treat this fatal disease.
Improved mid-infrared interband cascade light-emitting devices (2017)

We report interband cascade light-emitting devices (ICLEDs) emitting at peak wavelengths of 3.1 to 3.2 μm that display higher maximum output powers, radiances, and efficiencies than any earlier midwave-infrared LEDs when operated at 10 to 105°C. To enhance the output power, we split the ICLED’s 22 active stages into four groups positioned at antinodes of the optical field so that the emission interferes constructively when reflected at near-normal incidence from the metal contact of the epitaxial-side-down mounted device. At an applied bias of 9.6 V and injection current of 0.6 A, an ICLED with mesa diameter of 400 μm produces 3.1 mW of continuous-wave output power at T=10°C, which corresponds to a radiance of 0.79 W/cm2/sr. The same device generates 1.7 mW at T=105°C.
Construction and properties of Tn9 that mediates transcriptional gene (insertional mutagenesis/lacZ gene fusions/Gram-positive gene regul (2016)

A derivative of Tn917 was constructed, re- ferred to as Tn917-lac, which is capable of generating fusions that connect the transcripts of Bacillus subtilis chromosomal genes to the coding sequence of the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli. Two independent Insertions of Tn917-lac into the g/tA gene and one insertion into the trpE gene (in the trpEDCFBA operon) of B. subtilis were studied in detail, and the results confirmed that Tn917-1ac-mediated transcriptional fusions produce levels of f,-galactosidase that reflect accurately the regulated expres- sion of interrupted genes. To facilitate these studies, a proce- dure was developed that permits the analysis of Tn917-lac- mediated fusions in partial diploids where insertional muta- tions are complemented by an intact copy of the interrupted genes. Tn917 is known to function efficiently in bacteria representing three quite different Gram-positive genera (Strep. tococcus, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus) and is known to display a relatively high degree of randomness in its Insertions into bacterial genomes, making it likely that Tn917-lac will be useful for the identification and study of many kinds of regulated genes in a wide range of Gram-positive species.
Characteristics and Short-Term Prognosis of Perioperative Myocardial Infarction in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery (2011)

Most patients with a perioperative MI will not experience ischemic symptoms. Data suggest that routine monitoring of troponin levels in at-risk patients is needed after surgery to detect most MIs, which have an equally poor prognosis regardless of whether they are symptomatic or asymptomatic.
Results of serial coronary angiography in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (1988)

We studied the progression of coronary angiographic findings in a series of 10 patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. All patients had medical treatment; six had additional surgical treatment. They were followed over a period of 2-10 years (mean follow-up five years). Three types of evolution were observed: (a) normal coronary angiography with no development of any lesion over a period of eight years in two young patients; (b) regression of proximal coronary stenoses in three patients, and (c) progression of coronary angiographic status in five patients. A different evolution of proximal and distal segment lesions was observed; while more than two-thirds of proximal segments stenoses improved and no proximal lesion increased with a 45% decrease in plasma cholesterol level, no improvement was obtained at the distal level. Distal lesions tended to increase and new lesions appeared in spite of a major plasma cholesterol level reduction. When early treatment results in a cholesterol plasma level decrease of more than 45% and a level of about 4 g l-1 over a very long period of time, the coronary prognosis may be good.
Catalytic decarboxylation of fatty acids to hydrocarbons over non‐noble metal catalysts: the state of the art (2018)

Abstract The catalytic decarboxylation of fatty acids to yield hydrocarbons, for use as biofuel as a main target, is a topical reaction in which the main challenge is actually to control the selectivity while using the smallest amount of hydrogen possible (or even better, not using hydrogen at all) in order to optimize cost‐efficiency of the process. Herein, the focus is on the non‐noble mono‐, bi‐ and tri‐metallic catalysts used to carry out this reaction. Historically, several non‐noble monometallic catalysts based on Cu, Co, Ni supported on different types of supports were first studied. Among such materials, the Co‐based catalysts were not selective, while, Cu‐based catalysts were more or less selective to hydrocarbons or to olefins, depending on the support used. Among these three metals, the Ni‐based catalysts are the most widely described ones due to their specific ability to promote deoxygenation reactions. Combining Ni to a second metal yielded a synergistic effect toward better catalytic performances, with increases in both conversion and selectivity and also improvement of the resistance of the catalyst to carbon deposit, especially when adding non‐noble metals. For future prospects, it appears that the main challenge will be to be able to maintain good catalytic performances under inert gas in solvent‐free conditions, in order to yield a fully environmentally friendly and cost‐effective process. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Oocyte in vitro maturation: physiological basis and application to clinical practice (2023)

Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology with a long and sometimes checked history. It is a minimally invasive technique involving the deliberate collection of immature oocytes from patients that have received no or minimal ovarian stimulation and the culture of oocytes to maturity in vitro, before standard procedures thereafter. Now, IVM is classified as nonexperimental and is primarily indicated for patients with a high antral follicle count, especially patients with polycystic ovaries or polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as for fertility preservation in cancer patients. In the recent past, IVM practice has had a confusing array of clinical protocols and has been slow to adapt to new scientific insights; however, recently, significant advances have been made in IVM culture methods based on new knowledge from animal studies, combined with defining a simple patient treatment protocol. These improvements have led to significant recent progress in IVM practice to the extent that IVM is now routinely practiced in a growing number of centers with specialized expertise around the world.
Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Intensive Lowering of Blood Pressure and Lipid Levels (2014)

In participants with long-standing T2DM and at high risk for cardiovascular events, intensive BP control and fibrate therapy in the presence of controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not produce a measurable effect on cognitive decline at 40 months of follow-up. Intensive BP control was associated with greater decline in TBV at 40 months relative to standard therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000620.
PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND KINETICS OF γ‐GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE FROM BOVINE CHOROID PLEXUS (1978)

Abstract— γ‐Glutamyl transpeptidase from bovine choroid plexus has been shown to be a membrane‐bound enzyme. Partial purification of the enzyme has been accomplished using detergent extraction and ammonium sulfate fractionation. Important determinants of enzymatic activity with acceptor substrates included chain length, stereoisomerism, and amino acid composition of the acceptors. L‐Methionine was the best amino acid substrate and its corresponding peptides L‐methionylmethionine and L‐methionyl‐L‐serine were also good γ‐glutamyl acceptors. L‐Alanine and glycine were poor acceptor substrates; whereas, some peptides containing these amino acids were excellent substrates. Glycylglycine was significantly more effective as a γ‐glutamyl acceptor than glycine, triglycine, or tetraglycine. L‐Alanylglycine was a superior acceptor to glycine, L‐alanine, or L‐alanylglycylglycine, while the D‐isomer of alanylglycine was only minimally effective as an acceptor substrate. In general glycyl peptides were the best acceptor substrates examined. Our findings that γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase could catalyze the transfer of γ‐glutamyl groups to glycylglycyl‐L‐alanine and L‐alanylglycylglycine are of special interest, since few examples of tripeptide acceptors for the enzyme have been found. It is suggested that γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase might play a role in the inactivation and/or transport of biologically active peptides.