gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum Superposition of Parametrically Amplified Multiphoton Pure States whitin a Decoherence-Free Schroedinger-Cat Structure (1999)

The new process of quantum-injection into an optical parametric amplifier operating in entangled configuration is adopted to amplify into a large dimensionality spin 1/2 Hilbert space the quantum entanglement and superposition properties of the photon-couples generated by parametric down-conversion. The structure of the Wigner function and of the field's correlation functions shows a decoherence-free, multiphoton Schroedinger-cat behaviour of the emitted field which is largely detectable against the squeezed-vacuum noise. Furthermore, owing to its entanglement character, the system is found to exhibit multi-particle quantum nonseparability and Bell-type nonlocality properties. These relevant quantum features are analyzed for several travelling-wave optical configurations implying different input quantum-injection schemes
Session 3 overview: Processors (2013)

Lists the sessions held at the conference proceedings.
Two-photon scanning systems for clinical high resolution in vivo tissue imaging (2008)

The femtosecond laser multiphoton tomograph DermaInspect as well as high NA two-photon GRIN microendoscopes for in vivo tomography of human skin have been used to detect malignant melanoma as well as to study the diffusion and intradermal accumulation of topically applied cosmetical and pharmaceutical components. So far, more than 500 patients and volunteers in Europe, Australia, and Asia have been investigated with this unique tomograph. Near infrared 80 MHz picojoule femtosecond laser pulses were employed to excite endogenous fluorophores such as NAD(P)H, flavoproteins, melanin, and elastin as well as fluorescent components of a variety of ointments via a twophoton excitation process. In addition, collagen has been imaged by second harmonic generation. Using a two-PMT detection system, the ratio of elastin to collagen was determined during optical sectioning. A high submicron spatial resolution and 50 picosecond temporal resolution was achieved using galvoscan mirrors and piezodriven focusing optics as well as a time-correlated single photon counting module with a fast microchannel plate detector and fast photomultipliers. Individual intratissue cells, mitochondria, melanosomes, and the morphology of the nuclei as well as extracellular matrix elements could be clearly visualized due to molecular imaging and the calculation of fluorescence lifetime images. Nanoparticles and intratissue drugs have been detected non-invasively, in situ and over a period of up to 3 months. In addition, hydration effects and UV effects were studied by monitoring modifications of cellular morphology and autofluorescence. The system was used to observe the diffusion through the stratum corneum and the accumulation and release of functionalized nanoparticles along hair shafts and epidermal ridges. The DermaInspect been also employed to gain information on skin age and wound healing in patients with ulcers. Novel developments include a galvo/piezo-scan driven flexible articulated arm as well as a piezoscan-driven flexible high-NA GRIN microendoscope with photonic crystal fiber.
Building and Auditing Fair Algorithms (2021)

Academics, activists, and regulators are increasingly urging companies to develop and deploy sociotechnical systems that are fair and unbiased. Achieving this goal, however, is complex: the developer must (1) deeply engage with social and legal facets of "fairness" in a given context, (2) develop software that concretizes these values, and (3) undergo an independent algorithm audit to ensure technical correctness and social accountability of their algorithms. To date, there are few examples of companies that have transparently undertaken all three steps.
Retinoic acid regulates insulin-like growth factor-binding protein expression in human osteoblast cells. (1996)

Retinoic acid (RA) regulates the growth and differentiation of numerous cells types and plays a key role in skeletal development. Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important local regulators of bone cell proliferation and differentiation and that IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) modulate their activities. In an attempt to test the hypothesis that RA mediates its effects on bone cells in part by regulating IGFBP expression, we first examined the effect of RA on IGFBP expression in human osteoblast model systems and then compared these responses to the effects of RA on IGFBP expression in human skin fibroblasts. The most dramatic effect of RA on IGFBPs++ in all cell types tested was to increase IGFBP-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance more than 1000% of the control value. Significant effects on IGFBP-5 mRNA abundance were also found, with maximal reductions to 35% of control within 24 h of treatment. In addition, RNA maximally increased IGFBP-3 and -4 mRNA to 580% and 390% of the control value, respectively, in SaOS-2 cells, but had variable effects on IGFBP-3 and -4 mRNA levels in human bone cells, U2-OS, and human skin fibroblasts. The levels of the 24-, 29- to 32-, and 38- to 42 kDa IGFBPs in the conditioned medium of RA-treated cultures increased, as determined by ligand blot analysis, whereas the amount of IGFBP-5 was reduced, as determined by RIA. Cycloheximide abolished the RA-stimulated increase in IGFBP-6 mRNA and reduced baseline IGFBP-5 mRNA levels, but did not affect RA-modulated mRNA levels of the other IGFBPs. RA modestly increased the stabilities of all four IGFBP mRNAs, which could contribute to the observed increases in IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 mRNA levels; however, the 217% increase in the IGFBP-5 mRNA half- life in the presence of RA could not contribute to the reduction in mRNA levels. In addition, the small increase in the IGFBP-6 mRNA half-life could not account for the 1900% increase in the mRNA level. These data suggest that RA stimulated changes in IGFBP-5 and -6 mRNA levels may in part be mediated by alterations in transcription or other early posttranscription regulatory mechanisms. In conclusion, RA significantly regulates IGFBP expression in human osteoblast cells.
Kinetic model for crosslinking free radical polymerization including diffusion limitations (1992)

Abstract A kinetic model for crosslinking free radical polymerization is derived to predict the effect of temperature, inhibitor concentration, and initiator concentration on the rate of cure. The model is based on evidence from the literature that termination and comonomer reactivity differences can be ignored in many crosslinking free radical systems. Because of the complexity of the crosslinking chemistry, empirical relationships are used for decreasing initiator efficiency and radical mobility during cure. A sequential parameter fitting procedure is devised for isothermal curing data, and predictions are affirmed with both divinyl benzene and vinyl ester resin at several temperatures and concentrations of initiator and inhibitor. The key advantages of this kinetic model over previous models are its accuracy at high conversions and its ability to predict the effect of inhibitor and initiator concentrations on the rate of cure. This model is readily applicable to process modeling in the polymer composites manufacturing industry, which largely uses unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resin matrices.
Series Editorial: Mobile Communications and Networks (2021)

In this first 2021 issue, the Mobile Communications and Networks Series welcomes the New Year by bringing to the readers of this magazine a collection of very interesting articles on mainstream topics in wireless communications. The COVID-19 pandemic that battered many parts of the world in the past year imposed health-preserving physical distancing rules that hampered many of our activities. The pandemic crisis made us realize how vital it is to be digitally connected and brought out an urgent need for further enhanced mobile services and applications. The most recent generations of wireless technologies, which are now becoming operational in an increasing number of regions, already address the need for enhanced performance and new features. At the same time, researchers in mobile communications are readily looking into the potential solutions that will boost performance and features of next generation networks. The article “The Road to 6G: Ten Physical Layer Challenges for Communications Engineers” looks at future 6G wireless networks from a physical layer perspective, highlighting key enabling technologies, e.g., intelligent reflecting surfaces, cell-free massive MIMO and terahertz communications, and related major challenges. The article discusses theoretical modeling challenges, hardware implementation issues and scalability, and concludes by delineating the critical role of signal processing.
Positrons from Heavy Ion Collisions (1986)

Following a major shortage of 99Mo in the 2009–2010 period, concern grew that the aging reactor production facilities needed to be replaced. Most producers were using highly enriched 235U (HEU) as the target material. The Organisation for Economic Co-...Read More
Integrated Laser Characterization, Data Acquisition, and Command and Control Test System (2012)

Satellite-based laser technology has been developed for topographical measurements of the Earth and of other planets. Lasers for such missions must be highly efficient and stable over long periods in the temperature variations of orbit. In this innovation, LabVIEW is used on an Apple Macintosh to acquire and analyze images of the laser beam as it exits the laser cavity to evaluate the laser s performance over time, and to monitor and control the environmental conditions under which the laser is tested. One computer attached to multiple cameras and instruments running LabVIEW-based software replaces a conglomeration of computers and software packages, saving hours in maintenance and data analysis, and making very longterm tests possible. This all-in-one system was written primarily using LabVIEW for Mac OS X, which allows the combining of data from multiple RS-232, USB, and Ethernet instruments for comprehensive laser analysis and control. The system acquires data from CCDs (charge coupled devices), power meters, thermistors, and oscilloscopes over a controllable period of time. This data is saved to an html file that can be accessed later from a variety of data analysis programs. Also, through the LabVIEW interface, engineers can easily control laser input parameters such as current, pulse width, chiller temperature, and repetition rates. All of these parameters can be adapted and cycled over a period of time.
Key considerations for contact lens practitioners during the coronavirus pandemic (2020)

Prof Lyndon Jones, Karen Walsh, Prof Mark Willcox, Prof Philip Morgan and Prof Jason Nichols explain the key points from a new review of the evidence concerning the impact of SARS-CoV-2 upon contact lens practice.
Administracinių bylų teisenos infrastruktūrinis modelis (2010)

Straipsnyje analizuojama administracinio proceso, kaip savarankisko administracinės teisės instituto, samprata Lietuvos teisės moksle, taip pat administracinių bylų teisenos ir administracinio proceso santykis. Autoriai pažymi, kad Lietuvos teisės moksle yra isryskėjusios dvi pagrindinės koncepcijos dėl administracinio proceso sampratos – tai placioji administracinio proceso samprata bei siauroji administracinio proceso samprata. Straipsnyje taip pat tyrinėjamas administracinės justicijos, administracinio proceso bei civilinio proceso santykis. Lietuvoje teismų kompetencijos atribojimo problema kyla tuomet, kai vienoje byloje kyla gincas, susijes tiek su administraciniais teisiniais, tiek su civiliniais teisiniais santykiais. Administraciniai teismai Lietuvoje neturi isskirtinės teisės spresti gincus, kylancius viesojo administravimo srityje, nes administracinė justicija įgyvendinama tiek civiliniame, tiek administraciniame procese. Toks administracinės justicijos dvilypumas lemia ir tam tikras procesines gincų, kylancių is administracinių teisinių santykių, nagrinėjimo problemas. Yra rengiamas Administracinio proceso kodekso projektas. Juo siekiama reglamentuoti ne tik gincų, kylancių is administracinių teisinių santykių, bei administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylų nagrinėjimo tvarką, bet ir bendruosius viesojo administravimo principus ir administracinių aktų peržiūrėjimo viesojo administravimo institucijose tvarką. Taciau viesasis administravimas negali būti tapatinimas su vykdomosios valdžios institucijų vykdoma procesine veikla, todėl, autorių nuomone, neįmanomas sių dviejų teisės institutų teisinis reglamentavimas principų lygmenyje viename kodifikuotame teisės akte. Administraciniai teismai nagrinėja skundus dėl nutarimų skirti administracines sankcijas, kuriuos priėmė vykdomosios valdžios institucijos. Taciau tiek teisės doktrinoje, tiek administracinių teismų praktikoje pripažįstama, jog administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylų teisena ir baudžiamasis procesas turi daugiau panasumų nei skirtumų. Analizuojant administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylų teisenos teisinio reglamentavimo tobulinimo tendencijas, autorių nuomone, būtina atsižvelgti ir į tai, kad administracinė atsakomybė yra taikoma ne tik pagal Administracinių teisės pažeidimų kodeksą, bet ir pagal kitus specialius įstatymus, kurie nustato ekonominių sankcijų skyrimą, taciau nenumato detalios ekonominių sankcijų skyrimo tvarkos. Tai pripažintina teisės spraga. Todėl, autoriai pažymi, jog perspektyvoje ekonominių sankcijų skyrimo, jų teisėtumo patikrinimo proceso bei administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylų teisenos tobulinimas turėtų būti sprendžiama kompleksiskai, t.y. tiek ekonominių sankcijų, tiek administracinių nuobaudų skyrimo bei jų teisėtumo patikrinimo procesą reglamentuojant viename atskirame teisės akte.
Sparse Optimization for Green Edge AI Inference (2020)

With the rapid upsurge of deep learning tasks at the network edge, effective edge artificial intelligence (AI) inference becomes critical to provide low-latency intelligent services for mobile users via leveraging the edge computing capability. In such scenarios, energy efficiency becomes a primary concern. In this paper, we present a joint inference task selection and downlink beamforming strategy to achieve energy-efficient edge AI inference through minimizing the overall power consumption consisting of both computation and transmission power consumption, yielding a mixed combinatorial optimization problem. By exploiting the inherent connections between the set of task selection and group sparsity structural transmit beamforming vector, we reformulate the optimization as a group sparse beamforming problem. To solve this challenging problem, we propose a log-sum function based three-stage approach. By adopting the log-sum function to enhance the group sparsity, a proximal iteratively reweighted algorithm is developed. Furthermore, we establish the global convergence analysis and provide the ergodic worst-case convergence rate for this algorithm. Simulation results will demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for improving energy efficiency in edge AI inference systems.
Orientation of histidine residues in RNase A: neutron diffraction study. (1981)

Difference Fourier maps have been calculated at 2.8-A resolution by using neutron diffraction data obtained from a single crystal of RNase A. The phases were derived from a model resulting from the joint refinement of x-ray and neutron data at 2.0-A and 2.8-A resolution, respectively. The orientation of histidine-48 assumed during the refinement of the x-ray model at 2.5 A was confirmed, whereas the other three histidines had to be rotated around C beta--C gamma bonds in order to agree with the neutron difference Fourier maps. In the final model, histidine-12 is clearly hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl oxygen of threonine-45 and to the oxygen of the inorganic phosphate, and histidine-119 is bonded to another oxygen of the phosphate and to the oxygen OD1 of aspartic acid-121.
Image transmissions with security enhancement based on region and path diversity in wireless sensor networks (2009)

Transmissions of large sized images can be a bottleneck for a wireless sensor network (WSN) due to its limited resources. Security can be another concern. This paper proposes a collaborative transmission scheme for image sensors to utilize inter-sensor correlations to decide the transmission and security sharing patterns based on the path diversities. Our proposed approach for secret image sharing on multiple node-disjoint paths for image delivery is to achieve high security without any key distribution and management, and thus the key management related problems do not exist. The energy efficiency is another major contribution made in this paper. This scheme does not only allow each image sensor to transmit optimal fractions of overlapped images through appropriate transmission paths in an energy-efficient way, but also provides unequal protection to overlapped image regions by path selections and adaptive bit error rate (BER) requirement. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve considerable gains in terms of network lifetime extension, image transmission security enhancement, image quality improvement, and energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks.
Solitary Jogging with A Virtual Runner using Smartglasses (2022)

Group exercise is more effective for gaining motivation than exercising alone, but it can be difficult to always find such partners. In this paper, we explore the experiences that joggers have with a virtual partner instead of a human partner and report on the results of two controlled experiments evaluating our approach. In Study 1, we investigated how participants felt and how their behav-ior changed when they jogged indoors with a human partner or with a virtual partner compared to solitary jogging. The virtual partner was represented either as a full-body, limb-only, or a point-light avatar displayed on smartglasses. In Study 2, we investigated the differences between the three representations as virtual partners for casual joggers in an outdoor setting. Based on our results, we propose implications for the design of virtual runners as casual jogging partners and speculate on their relationship with human users.
Mechanism of Combustion Instability in a Lean Premixed Dump Combustor (1999)

Results from an experimental study of the mechanism of unstable combustion in a coaxial, optically accessible, bluff-body-stabilizeddumpcombustorwithnaturalgasasthefuelarereported.Aparametricstudywasperformed to investigate the effects of equivalence ratio, inletvelocity, inlet fuel distribution, inlet swirl, and centerbody recess oncombustionstability. It wasfoundthatall of theseparametershadan effectonthestability characteristicsofthis combustor.Atselectedunstableoperatingconditions,phase-resolvedCHchemiluminescenceimageswerecaptured to study the heat-release structure during one period of pressure oscillation. The e ame‐ e owe eld interaction that is depicted in these images indicates that e ame‐ vortex interactions, and the resultant e ame area changes, play a signie cant role in the instabilities that occur when there is no swirl. A simple analysis of these images, however, showedthate uctuatinge ameareaandequivalenceratioe uctuationsbothcontributetotheheatreleasee uctuations that drive the instability. Unstable combustion with swirl appears to be fundamentally different from unstable combustion without swirl in that instabilities with swirl occur near lean blowout and appear to be associated with repeated detaching and reattaching of the e ame from the centerbody.
27.7 A 30.5mm<sup>3</sup> fully packaged implantable device with duplex ultrasonic data and power links achieving 95kb/s with &lt;10<sup>−4</sup> BER at 8.5cm depth (2017)

The next generation of implantable medical devices focuses on minimally invasive miniaturized solutions that operate reliably at large depths, provide duplex communication for closed-loop therapies, and enable multi-access for a network of implants to gather information or provide systemic interventions. Using ultrasound (US), power and data can be efficiently transferred through the body as its wavelength at MHz is comparable to a mm-sized receiver, resulting in improved focusing, coupling, and acoustic-to-electrical conversion efficiency. Furthermore, thanks to the low propagation loss (∼1dB/cm/MHz) and 7.2mW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> safety limit, several mW of power is obtainable at the receiver, enabling high-power, complicated functionalities.
Reputation systems for open collaboration (2011)

Algorithmic-based user incentives ensure the trustworthiness of evaluations of Wikipedia entries and Google Maps business information.
Investigations of the influence of molecular geometry on the spectroscopic and photochemical properties of .alpha.-oxo[1.n]paracyclophanes (cyclophanobenzophenones) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigations of the influence of molecular geometry on the spectroscopic and photochemical properties of .alpha.-oxo[1.n]paracyclophanes (cyclophanobenzophenones)Nicholas J. Turro, Ian R. Gould, Jennifer Liu, William S. Jenks, Heinz Staab, and Reinhold AltCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 16, 6378–6383Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00198a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00198a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Actuators: A Bioinspired Soft Actuated Material (Adv. Mater. 8/2014) (2014)

The cover picture shows the concept and inspiration for a soft actuated material, in this case the muscular structure of the heart. The image depicts the muscular fibers from the heart inspiring the numerical modeling of the actuators and the design of contractile actuators embedded in a soft matrix, as described in the work by C. J. Walsh and co-workers on page 1200. The composite image design is by Shutterstock, James C. Weaver, Ellen T. Roche and Evelyn J. Park.