gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-supervised Multi-view Person Association and Its Applications (2020)

Reliable markerless motion tracking of people participating in a complex group activity from multiple moving cameras is challenging due to frequent occlusions, strong viewpoint and appearance variations, and asynchronous video streams. To solve this problem, reliable association of the same person across distant viewpoints and temporal instances is essential. We present a self-supervised framework to adapt a generic person appearance descriptor to the unlabeled videos by exploiting motion tracking, mutual exclusion constraints, and multi-view geometry. The adapted discriminative descriptor is used in a tracking-by-clustering formulation. We validate the effectiveness of our descriptor learning on WILDTRACK T. Chavdarova et al., "WILDTRACK: A multi-camera HD dataset for dense unscripted pedestrian detection," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., 2018, pp. 5030-5039. and three new complex social scenes captured by multiple cameras with up to 60 people "in the wild". We report significant improvement in association accuracy (up to 18 percent) and stable and coherent 3D human skeleton tracking (5 to 10 times) over the baseline. Using the reconstructed 3D skeletons, we cut the input videos into a multi-angle video where the image of a specified person is shown from the best visible front-facing camera. Our algorithm detects inter-human occlusion to determine the camera switching moment while still maintaining the flow of the action well. Website: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ILIM/projects/IM/Association4Tracking.
Callus induction and plant regeneration of tomato through anther culture (2020)

Anthers of 15 genotypes were cultured on MS mediumhaving different concentration of auxins and cytokinins toinduce callusing. Of the different media compositions used,callus induction was observed in eight genotypes on MSmedium supplemented with 2ip (1mg/l) and IAA (2mg/l).The percent callus formation was maximum in genotype WildTexas (88.00) and minimum in TLBNRH-1214(4%). The calliobtained from the anthers of the eight genotypes werecultured on different regeneration media. However, theregeneration was observed only in calli of Wild Texas withpercent regeneration of 0.66 on MS media supplementedwith zeatin (0.5mg/l). After rooting on MS medium containingIBA (0.1mg/l), plantlets were hardened and transferred topots.
Energy-Efficient Compressive State Recovery From Sparsely Noisy Measurements (2012)

The compressive sensing theory has been intensively inspired to develop new methods and applications. Energy conservation for every node and overall energy consumption in the network is one of the main design issues in such networks. In large-scale sensor networks, information is relatively sparse compared with the number of nodes. In such networks, the state recovery problem can be recast as a sparse signal recovery problem in the discrete spatial domain to be solved with a small number of linear measurements as an underdetermined linear system by an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm minimization program. A series of signal processing methods is applied to recover the current state of sensory data, e.g., temperature, pressure, force, flow, humidity, position, or motion, from noisy measurements. We propose an energy-efficient state recovery method for sensor networks; then, the proposed method is employed to recover an air quality signal in an air-quality-monitoring system. The signal contains the air quality indexes for all monitoring sites in the system. To have a sparse representation of the signal, it is first transformed to frequency domain and then recovered and reconstructed from a small portion of coefficients. Different random matrices driven from Bernoulli and Gaussian distributions are investigated to find an energy-efficient sensing scheme for signal reconstruction. The results reveal more than 60% saving in power consumption with only 10% reconstruction and recovery error. The proposed method prolongs network lifetime with noticeable saving in deployment and maintenance cost, particularly in large-scale sensor networks with slowly varying phenomena.
Optical signatures of silicon and oxygen related DX centers in AlN (2017)

Bulk AlN crystals typically contain high concentrations of oxygen, silicon, and carbon − as also state-of-the art epitaxial layers typically do, depending on the specific growth conditions. In optical spectroscopy, such crystals show broad bands in the region from 2–5 eV in absorption and emission. We investigated several emission bands in the range from 1.4 to 1.9 eV, especially those centred at 2.0 and 2.4 eV, which under below-band­gap excitation with a 325 nm laser dominate the photoluminescence (PL) spectra both at low and at room temperature. We find clear indications that all these transitions occur between different states of the shallow donors Si or O, and deep acceptors. The donors undergo lattice relaxation and form DX centres. Depending on temperature, the initial state is either a long-lived (S = 1) DX-centre state of the donors, a shallow EMT-like conventional donor state, or a free electron − with markedly different relaxation times for the optical transitions under below-bandgap excitation. The acceptor involved in these PL bands is likely linked to aluminum vacancies. Based on our data, we develop configuration coordinate diagrams and a combined level scheme for multiple transitions in the range from 1.4 to 2.4 eV. Tentative level scheme for PL bands observed in AlN in the range from 1.4 to 2.4 eV.
PO-440 Targeting of triple negative breast tumours using liposomes as drug delivery systems for siRNA and HSP90 inhibitor (2018)

Introduction For Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) there are no effective specific targeted therapy readily available. CD44 is found overexpressed in many tumours, in particular TNBC, making this an attractive receptor for therapeutic targeting. Besides, Hsp90 inhibitors (Hsp90i) have been shown as promising molecules to treat cancer. Here we show our both drug delivery approaches to target TNBC. First, we describe a unique non-cationic liposome-based siRNA delivery system with a core composed of siRNA:protamine complexes and a shell designed for the active targeting of CD44-expressing cells using for the first time an anti-CD44 aptamer as targeting ligand. This was evaluated for the silencing of the luciferase reporter gene (luc2) in a TNBC breast cancer model in vitro and in vivo (orthotopically implanted) (Alshaer, 2015, 2018). Secondly, we succeeded to use the inhibition of the chaperone Hsp90 against breast cancer. A promising Hsp90i derived from Novobiocin (6BrCaQ) has been encapsulated in liposomes and liposomal 6BrCaQ displayed a good activity on prostate cancer cells in vitro (apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, slowed down of migration) and synergized with doxorubicin (Sauvage, 2016). In the same in vivo TNBC model as above we evaluated the anti-tumour activity of these liposomes. Material and method Nanocarriers were characterised and assessed in vitro using the CD44 +MDA MB-231-luc2. The CD44 targeting and gene silencing were investigated in vivo at the mRNA and protein levels, on an orthotopic MDA-MB-231-luc2 xenograft model in nude mice. The liposomal 6BrCaQ was evaluated in vitro in the same model to investigate the anti-proliferative effect) and in vivo for the anti-tumour effect. Results and discussion 1) We show the possibility of conjugating an aptamer to siRNA-containing liposomes for an efficient gene silencing therapy in CD44-expressing tumour cells in vivo. 2) In vitro, liposomal 6BrCaQ blocked the cell cycle of MDA-MB-231-luc2 cells and retarded, in vivo, the tumour growth at a low dose (1 mg/kg, once a week for 4 weeks). Histological analysis of tumours revealed necrosis and a lower proportion of proliferative cells in treated mice indicating that this drug has potential for breast cancer therapy when encapsulated in liposomes. Conclusion Our work gives evidences that liposomes can be used to target CD44 positive cells in resistant TNBC breast tumours and to deliver an anti-tumour but poorly soluble inhibitor of Hsp90.
IDDF2023-ABS-0140 The liver frailty index is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing systemic therapy: a multicentre prospective observational study (2023)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic therapy is indicated for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond locoregional therapy or advanced HCC with acceptable liver function and performance status. Outcomes vary, with limited predictors. Frailty affects outcomes in advanced cirrhosis, transplantation and other cancers, but has not been studied in patients with HCC undergoing systemic therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted an international multicentre prospective observational cohort of adults commencing systemic therapy for HCC, 2019-2022. Frailty was assessed by Liver Frailty Index (LFI). The primary outcome was overall survival; secondary outcomes were disease progression, adverse events, and discontinuation of therapy. <h3>Results</h3> Among 102 patients, most were male (80%) with a median age of 67 (IQR 60-73). Most had viral hepatitis (HCV 39%, HBV 29%), Child-Pugh Score (CPS) A (75%), were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1 (89%), and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C (59%). Similar proportions were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI 54%) and immunotherapy (46%). The median LFI was 4.13 (IQR 3.81-4.43): 75% pre-frail, 22% frail and 4% robust. Characteristics were similar by frailty category, but more frail patients were ECOG 2/3 than pre-frail or robust patients (p=0.002). LFI was associated with overall survival on univariable and multivariable analysis (aHR 1.70, 95%CI 1.14-2.52, p=0.008), with other significant variables CPS and Albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score (IDDF2023-ABS-0140 Figure 1. Forest plot of hazard ratios for survival (A) univariable (B) multivariable analysis. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein, BMI: Body mass index). However, predefined frailty categories did not predict survival (IDDF2023-ABS-0140 Figure 2. Kaplan Meier curves for survival (A) by existing frailty cutoffs). The optimal cutoff for survival at 1 year was LFI 4.2 (AUC 0.648), significant on univariable and multivariable analysis at predicting death (IDDF2023-ABS-0140 Figure 2. Kaplan Meier curves for survival (B) by optimal frailty cutoff at 1 year (LFI 4.2)). Frailty did not predict disease progression or adverse events, but was associated with earlier systemic therapy discontinuation. Sensitivity analysis excluding patients Child-Pugh B9 or higher, or ECOG 3, did not change results. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Frailty is an independent predictor of death among patients with HCC undergoing systemic therapy, but optimal cutoffs need validation.
Principles of Antitumor Targeting of Cytotoxic Drugs (2002)

Cancer cells, unlike bacteria and viruses, do not contain molecular targets that are completely foreign to the host. As a result, cytotoxic anticancer therapy has primarily depended on drugs that depend on an increased proliferative rate in the target–cell popu­lation, acting primarily on DNA and enzymes involved in DNA replication. However, for patients with advanced disease, clinically approved cytotoxics usually only cause remis­sions of limited duration and variable degree followed by regrowth and spread of often more aggressive and multidrug–resistant cancer (1). In part this is because cells surviving under hypoxic conditions in the center of tumors are much less susceptible to traditional cancer drugs (2), not only because of their growth–arrested state but also because of lim­ited drug penetration (3) and induced resistance mechanisms (4). When these cells are revived by vascularization, following destruction of the tumor periphery, they often have a higher metastatic potential (5,6). In addition, micrometastases and minimal residual disease (7), often beginning as small populations of cells that evade resection of the primary tumor, often cause clinical relapse (8). Newer approaches to cancer chemo­therapy that exploit angiogenesis mechanisms and various signal–transduction pathways have yet to make an impact in the clinic (9–11).
Spacecraft Modularity for Serviceable Satellites (2015)

Satellite servicing has been a proven capability of NASA since the first servicing missions in the 1980s with astronauts on the space shuttle. This capability enabled the on-orbit assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) and saved the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) mission following the discovery of the flawed primary mirror. The effectiveness and scope of servicing opportunities, especially using robotic servicers, is a function of how cooperative a spacecraft is. In this paper, modularity will be presented as a critical design aspect for a spacecraft that is cooperative from a servicing perspective. Different features of modularity are discussed using examples from HST and the Multimission Modular Spacecraft (MMS) program from the 1980s and 1990s. The benefits of modularity will be presented including those directly related to servicing and those outside of servicing including reduced costs and increased flexibility. The new Reconfigurable Operational spacecraft for Science and Exploration (ROSE) concept is introduced as an affordable implementation of modularity that provides cost savings and flexibility. Key aspects of the ROSE architecture are discussed such as the module design and the distributed avionics architecture. The ROSE concept builds on the experience from MMS and due to its modularity, would be highly suitable as a future client for on-orbit servicing.
First report of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation in room temperature ionic liquids (2002)

The Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerisation of acrylates, methacrylates and styrene is reported for the first time in room temperature ionic liquids; the acrylate and methacrylate polymerisations show a living character and lead to well-characterised polymers, with narrow polydispersity (< 1.3); in the case of styrene, the insolubility of the polymer in the ionic liquids stops the polymerisation at an early stage.
Reconstruction of the charophyte community of Lake Shinji by oospore collection (2016)

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) aids in maintaining a clear stable state in shallow lakes. However, charophytes are more effective in increasing transparency compared to angiosperms. Lake Shinji was more transparent prior to the beginning of herbicide use for rice weed control in the mid-1950s, because its bottom was covered by SAV up to 3 m depth. Although Chara braunii C.C. Gmelin and Nitella hyaline (De Candolle) C. Agardh were recorded in the 1960s, there are no reports on SAV in the 1950s. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to show that the SAV of Lake Shinji was mostly composed of charophytes prior to the 1950s, by conducting a seed analysis. We obtained charophyte oospores from the sediment, but seeds of angiosperms were not identified. In addition to C. braunii that was previously recorded in Lake Shinji, we also found two newly identified species, Chara corallina Willdenow and Chara fibrosa C. Agardh ex Bruzelius. Overall, this study indicates that seed analysis is helpful in reconstructing the former flora of Lake Shinji.
NMR studies of [U-13C] cyclosporin A bound to cyclophilin: bound conformation and portions of cyclosporin involved in binding (1991)

Cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressant, is known to bind with high specificity to cyclophilin (CyP), a 17.7 kDa protein with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity. In order to investigate the three-dimensional structure of the CsA/CyP complex, we have applied a variety of multidimensional NMR methods in the study of uniformly 13C-labeled CsA bound to cyclophilin. The 1H and 13C NMR signals of cyclosporin A in the bound state have been assigned, and from a quantitative interpretation of the 3D NOE data, the bound conformation of CsA has been determined. Three-dimensional structures of CsA calculated from the NOE data by using a distance geometry/simulated appealing protocol were found to be very different from previously determined crystalline and solution conformations of uncomplexed CsA. In addition, from CsA/CyP NOEs, the portions of CsA that interact with cyclophilin were identified. For the most part, those CsA residues with NOEs to cyclophilin were the same residues important for cyclophilin binding and immunosuppressive activity as determined from structure/activity relationships. The structural information derived in this study together with the known structure/activity relationships for CsA analogues may prove useful in the design of improved immunosuppressants. Moreover, the approach that is described for obtaining the structural information is widely applicable to the study of small molecule/large molecule interactions.
A new analysis of the DS-CDMA cellular uplink under spatial constraints (2013)

A new analysis is presented for the direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) cellular uplink. For a given network topology, closed-form expressions are found for the outage probability and rate of each uplink in the presence of path-dependent Nakagami fading and log-normal shadowing. The topology may be arbitrary or modeled by a random spatial distribution for a fixed number of base stations and mobiles placed over a finite area with the separations among them constrained to exceed a minimum distance. The analysis is more detailed and accurate than existing ones and facilitates the resolution of network design issues, including the influence of the minimum base-station separation, the role of the spreading factor, and the impact of various power-control and rate-control policies. It is shown that once power control is established, the rate can be allocated according to a fixed-rate or variable-rate policy with the objective of either meeting an outage constraint or maximizing throughput. An advantage of the variable-rate policy is that it allows an outage constraint to be enforced on every uplink, whereas the fixed-rate policy can only meet an average outage constraint.
La Sécurité aujourd'hui dans la société de l'information (2007)

Actes des séminaires de recherche du programme Asphales ACI Sécurité informatique 2004-2007. Contributions réunies et coordonnées par Stéphanie Lacour.Ouvrage disponible au format électronique. [Cf. URL éditeur]
Arrival time fluctuation of the SwissFEL photocathode laser: characterization by a single color balanced cross correlator (2022)

The arrival time jitter and drift of the photocathode drive laser has an important impact on the performance of a Free-Electron-Laser (FEL). It adversely affects the beam energy jitter, bunch length jitter and bunch arrival time jitter, which becomes especially important for pump-probe experiments with femtosecond time resolution. To measure both parameters background free and stabilize the drift of the Yb:CaF<sub>2</sub> based laser we use a well designed balanced optical cross correlator. In this paper we present our results using this device and focus particularly on the performance of the amplifier. We achieve a laser drift of less than 200 fs during 60 h, a 4.5 fs rms jitter of the amplifier relative to its seeding oscillator and 11 fs rms for the whole laser relative to a reference clock integrated from 2 mHz to 100 Hz.
The ANGEL WSN Security Architecture (2009)

The EU funded ANGEL project focuses on the development and deployment of wireless sensor networks building ambient intelligence systems for assisted-living and personal health monitoring. The provision of security services such as confidentiality and authentication is a fundamental requirement for ANGEL in order to ensure the safety and privacy of the users; the technical realization is challenging due to the high mobility of users accessing a multitude of wireless sensor networks. Our security architecture ensures the secure deployment and efficient, yet secure operation of ANGEL systems. Based on keying-material distribution, we provide a solution for the secure configuration of sensors and gateways. This ensures that users can interact with their system in an easy, transparent and safe way. We further introduce a fast distributed key agreement protocol on top of ZigBee that enables very fast and efficient operation. Performance and security analysis point out the advantages of our new solution.
Hydrogen exchange pathways between arenes and dihydroarenes: An experimental and mechanistic modeling study of high temperature hydrogen transfer pathways (1994)

One of the major areas of interest in thermal hydroliquefaction involves the mechanisms of hydrogen shuttling by aromatic/hydroaromatic donor solvents to coal structure, engendering the scission of thermally-stable alkylaromatic linkages. Derbyshire et al. and McMillen and Malhotra were among the first to recognize that hydrogen donor solvents can play an active role in the scission of thermally stable C-C bonds in coal structures. At least two {open_quotes}conventional{close_quotes} hydrogen-transfer pathways, hydrogen atoms (HA) and reverse radical disproportionation (RRD), and two {open_quotes}unconventional{close_quotes} hydrogen transfer pathways, radical hydrogen-transfer (RHT) and addition-transfer-elimination, could play a role in the shuttling of hydrogen from donor solvent to the ipso positions of substituted aromatic linkages in coal structures. It is unreasonable to assume that any one of these pathways is responsible for all solvent-engendered bond scission. Depending on the reaction conditions, one pathway may be more dominant than the others, or several of them could contribute simultaneously. A quantitative understanding of competing hydrogen-transfer pathways between aromatic structures can yield valuable information regarding the efficient cleavage of bonds in coal structures during hydroliquefaction. It is the goal of this work to quantify the importance of the conventional hydrogen-transfer pathways and make qualitative predictions regarding the unconventional pathways.
Examination of features used for reference indicator construction in shot boundary refinement (2002)

Shot boundary refinement is the first stage of long transition analysis. Its purpose is to extract the exact transition start and end in a video sequence. This is done by first constructing a reference indicator and then picking up the sharp gradient changes within such an indicator. The parameter used in constructing the reference indicator can vary, and different features can be used, with reference frames set at different positions. This paper examines the effect of varying these parameters, and its implication when applied to transitions with different special effects.
Dynamics of population gratings in NdP&amp;lt;inf&amp;gt;5&amp;lt;/inf&amp;gt;O&amp;lt;inf&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/inf&amp;gt;crystals (1986)

Four-wave mixing signals from transient population gratings established in NdP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</inf> crystals were analyzed to obtain information on the pumping dynamics and exciton migration characteristics in this material. As the laser pump wavelength is scanned through an Nd <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> absorption band, the exciton diffusion coefficient is found to vary in a manner consistent with site selection within the inhomogeneously broadened profile. Deviations from simple signal decay patterns are observed whenever the laser is tuned to excited state resonances. In addition, recent theoretical developments are applied to the grating decay data to determine the degree of coherence in the exciton motion.