gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of Pt/graphene-CNTs electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cell (2016)

In the present work we report a facile method for the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles supported reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite by an in-situ chemical reduction. The incorporation of MWCNTs to rGO leads to decrease in agglomeration between rGO sheets due to π – π interactions and higher loading of Pt nanoparticles. In this process, a mixture of exfoliated graphene oxide, CNTs and chloroplatinic acid was treated with a mixture of hydrazine hydrate and ammonium hydroxide at 95° C in an oil bath for 1 h. Pt nanoparticles of 4-6 nm size were homogeneously dispersed on rGO-CNTs nanocomposite as revealed by TEM analysis. Cyclic voltammetry measurements depict an anodic current density of 11.74 mA/cm2 that could be obtained using Pt/rGO-CNTs catalyst and 6.2 mA/cm2 using Pt/rGO catalyst during methanol oxidation, indicating that the catalytic activity of Pt/rGO-CNTs catalyst is almost 2 times higher than that of Pt/rGO catalyst. The electrochemical stability of Pt/rGO-CNTs catalyst was also found to be much higher as compared with that of Pt/rGO catalyst. Thus, Pt/rGO-CNTs catalyst has the potential to be used in the preparation of a promising anode material for direct methanol fuel cell. Copyright © 2016 VBRI Press
Hypoxia‐activated metabolic pathway stimulates phosphorylation of p300 and CBP in oxygen‐sensitive cells (2005)

Transcription co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, p300 and cyclic AMP responsive element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP), participate in hypoxic activation of hypoxia-inducible genes. Here, we show that exposure of PC12 and cells to 1-10% oxygen results in hyperphosphorylation of p300/CBP. This response is fast, long lasting and specific for hypoxia, but not for hypoxia-mimicking agents such as desferioxamine or Co2+ ions. It is also cell-type specific and occurs in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and the carotid body of rats but not in hepatoblastoma cells. The p300 hyperphosphorylation specifically depends on the release of intracellular calcium from inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-sensitive stores. However, it is not inhibited by pharmacological inhibitors of any of the kinases traditionally known to be directly or indirectly calcium regulated. On the other hand, p300 hyperphosphorylation is inhibited by several different inhibitors of the glucose metabolic pathway from generation of NADH by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, through the transfer of NADH through the glycerol phosphate shuttle to ubiquinone and complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Inhibition of IP3-sensitive calcium stores decreases generation of ATP, and this inhibition is significantly stronger in hypoxia than in normoxia. We propose that the NADH glycerol phosphate shuttle participates in generating a pool of ATP that serves either as a co-factor or a modulator of the kinases involved in the phosphorylation of p300/CBP during hypoxia.
Orengedokuto and shosaikoto for intractable intracranial carmustine implant-induced fever in a patient with brain tumor: A case report (2020)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of intractable carmustine implant-induced fever using Kampo medicine. In this case, Kampo medicine led to an improvement of QOL.
DNA bending by transcription factors CREM and CREB. (1994)

DNA bending is postulated to be a major determinant of gene expression and has been shown to be specifically induced by some regulatory proteins with DNA-binding properties. Here we show that nuclear factors which naturally bind to CREs (cAMP-responsive elements) are able to induce bending in the sequences flanking this recognition site. In our assays we used a permutated binding site/gel retardation assay and bacterially generated nuclear factors. We have been studying the cAMP-responsive-element modulator (CREM) gene, which encodes both repressors (CREM alpha, beta and gamma) and an activator (CREM tau) of cAMP-responsive transcription by alternative splicing. In addition, two alternative DNA-binding domains can be encoded in different CREM isoforms. No differences in induction of DNA bending by the CREM proteins with the two DNA binding domains were detected. The activator CREB induced DNA bending in a fashion similar to CREM. Importantly, we show that phosphorylation of CREM or CREB alters their mobilities in a regular gel shift assay as well as enhances the angle of DNA bending induced by these proteins.
6-(2-Methylphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>][1,3,4]thiadiazole (2008)

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(19)H(18)N(4)O(3)S, the planar central heterocylic ring system is oriented with respect to the trimethoxy-phenyl and 2-methyl-phenyl rings at dihedral angles of 4.43 (3) and 4.32 (3)°, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 7.65 (4)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric R(2) (2)(18) dimers. These dimers are connected via a C-H⋯π contact between the 2-methyl-phenyl and trimethoxy-phenyl rings, and a π-π contact between the thia-diazole and trimethoxy-phenyl rings [interplanar distance 3.51 Å, dihedral angles 4.17(4)°]. An intramolecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bond is also present.
Measuring residual anti‐Xa activity of direct factor Xa inhibitors after reversal with andexanet alfa (2021)

Modified test set-ups are automated alternative to reference method with improved precision and reproducibility. They can be run in all laboratories where regular anti-Xa assays are performed using commercially available reagents.
The use of light emission in failure analysis of CMOS ICs (1990)

The use of photon emission for analyzing failure mechanisms and defects in CMOS ICs is presented. Techniques are given for accurate identification and spatial localization of failure mechanisms and physical defects, including defects such as short and open circuits which do not themselves emit photons.
Equilibrium Isotope Effects on Noncovalent Interactions in a Supramolecular Host–Guest System (2011)

The self-assembled supramolecular complex [Ga(4)L(6)](12-) (1; L = 1,5-bis[2,3-dihydroxybenzamido]naphthalene) can act as a molecular host in aqueous solution and bind cationic guest molecules to its highly charged exterior surface or within its hydrophobic interior cavity. The distinct internal cavity of host 1 modifies the physical properties and reactivity of bound guest molecules and can be used to catalyze a variety of chemical transformations. Noncovalent host-guest interactions in large part control guest binding, molecular recognition and the chemical reactivity of bound guests. Herein we examine equilibrium isotope effects (EIEs) on both exterior and interior guest binding to host 1 and use these effects to probe the details of noncovalent host-guest interactions. For both interior and exterior binding of a benzylphosphonium guest in aqueous solution, protiated guests are found to bind more strongly to host 1 (K(H)/K(D) > 1) and the preferred association of protiated guests is driven by enthalpy and opposed by entropy. Deuteration of guest methyl and benzyl C-H bonds results in a larger EIE than deuteration of guest aromatic C-H bonds. The observed EIEs can be well explained by considering changes in guest vibrational force constants and zero-point energies. DFT calculations further confirm the origins of these EIEs and suggest that changes in low-frequency guest C-H/D vibrational motions (bends, wags, etc.) are primarily responsible for the observed EIEs.
Relationship between the gut microbiota and bile acid composition in the ileal mucosa of Crohn’s disease (2021)

Mucosa-associated dysbiosis and the alteration of bile acid composition were identified in the ileum of CD patients. These may play a role in the pathophysiology of ileal lesions in CD patients.
Observation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mi>η</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2016)

We present the first study of the process $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ using $(223.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{6}$ $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ events accumulated with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII facility. The branching fraction for $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ is measured to be $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})=(2.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25(\text{syst}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$. With a Bayesian approach, the upper limits of the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{a}_{0}(980),{a}_{0}(980)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})$ and $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{a}_{2}(1320),{a}_{2}(1320)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})$ are determined to be $2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ and $6.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ at the 95% confidence level, respectively. All of these measurements are given for the first time.
Use of epoxy in developing miniature ball penetrometers (2012)

Ball penetrometers used in geotechnical centrifuge facilities for characterising the soil strength profile are typically around 12 mm in diameter. The minimum size is limited by the traditional design approach, with ball and shaft machined from steel or aluminium alloys, and axial strain gauges placed on the shaft to measure the penetration resistance. This paper describes a new fabrication method that uses epoxy to cast and cure the ball penetrometer and shaft as one piece. This allows the strain gauges to be set inside the penetrometer shaft, reducing the size of the ball penetrometers. The manufacture of three miniature ball penetrometers of 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm diameter is described. Example results using the penetrometers in a drum centrifuge highlight the versatility and consistency of the new devices. A comparison with the more established T-bar in characterising the undrained shear strength profile of soft clays is also provided.
Innate and adaptive resistance mechanisms to arginine deprivation therapies in sarcoma and other cancers (2019)

Many cancers lack functional expression of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) that is necessary for synthesis of L-arginine. These cancers must import arginine for survival and growth, and this reliance can be targeted by arginine-degrading extracellular enzymatic drugs, most commonly PEGylated arginine deiminase. These enzymes can become targets of the immune system, reducing their effectiveness, but PEGylation improves the <i>in vivo</i> stability. Arginine deprivation causes cell death in some cancers, but others gain resistance by expressing ASS1 after a starvation response is induced. Other resistance mechanisms are possible and explored, but these have not been observed specifically in response to arginine deprivation. Future studies, especially focusing on the mechanisms of ASS1 upregulation and metabolic adaptations, may yield insights into preventing or taking advantage of resistance adaptations to make arginine deprivation therapy more effective.
Effects of Carboxylic Acids on the Crystal Growth of Calcium Oxalate Nanoparticles in Lecithin−Water Liposome Systems (2003)

The effects of citric (H3cit), tartaric (H2tart), and acetic (HAc) acid on the growth of nanoparticles of calcium oxalate (CaOxa) were investigated in a lecithin−water ordered liposome system by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of CaOxa particles grown in the presence of HAc was the same as that in the control test without additive. Both calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) were obtained in a ratio of about 1:1. However, CaOxa particles grown in the presence of H3cit and H2tart contained excess COD with a preferential growth of the (411) crystal face. The effectiveness of COD formation followed the order H3cit > H2tart > HAc. Possible reasons for this order are discussed.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective apoptotic anti-neoplastic drugs in the prevention of colorectal cancer: the role of super aspirins. (2000)

There is increasing evidence to suggest that aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. This observation is supported by animal studies that show fewer tumors per animal and fewer animals with tumors after administration of several different NSAIDs. Intervention data in familial adenomatous polyposis have established that the effect is exerted on the process of human colonic adenoma formation. Supportive evidence in sporadic colorectal neoplasia, derived from 22 of 24 studies (both case-control and cohort), found a reduced risk in men and women for cancers of the colon and the rectum and for both aspirin and the other NSAIDs. Earlier detection of lesions as a result of drug-induced bleeding does not seem to account for these findings. Although the molecular mechanism responsible for the chemopreventive action of this class of drugs is not yet completely understood, the protection may affect several pathways including both cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. In the third millennium the question is not if but how. Based on the consistency of epidemiological, clinical and experimental data, the association between regular long-term aspirin or NSAIDs intake and a decreased death rate from colorectal cancer is sound and there is no need for further placebo trials. At the same time, despite this consistency there is no clear data on the dose, duration or frequency of use for cancer-preventive activity.
Correct representation of conformational equilibria (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrect representation of conformational equilibriaF. Fulop , G. Bernath , J. A. Szabo , and Gy Dombi Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 2, 95Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1983Published inissue 1 February 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ed060p95RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (836 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The effects of renal denervation and meclofenamate on renal blood flow regulation in conscious rabbits (1979)

1. The effect on renal blood flow regulation of unilateral renal denervation followed by administration of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor has been studied in nine conscious rabbits.2. Renal blood flow distribution was estimated using radioactive microspheres injected via a pre-implanted left ventricular cannula. Cardiac output was estimated by thermodilution. Measurements were made before and after intravenous injection of Meclofenamate, Parke Davis Ltd (4 mg/kg).3. Renal denervation caused a fall in renal cortical catecholamine concentration of approximately 50% by 48 hr.4. Resting renal blood flow did not differ significantly between denervated and innervated kidneys.5. Meclofenamate caused a significant rise in arterial pressure from a mean of 59 to 70 mmHg. In innervated kidneys, Meclofenamate caused a fall in renal blood flow from 8.1 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- S.E. of mean) to 6.5 +/- 0.4 ml./min.g kidney weight while in denervated kidneys it caused a fall from 8.9 +/- 0.7 to 6.25 +/- 0.3 ml./min.g. After Meclofenamate flow was redistributed away from the inner cortex in the innervated kidney and paradoxically towards the inner cortex in the denervated one.6. It was concluded that in conscious animals, resting sympathetic tone has little effect on renal blood flow. The exaggerated reduction in flow in the outer cortex of the denervated kidney following Meclofenamate may indicate denervation hypersensitivity to circulating catecholamines unmasked by reduced synthesis of vasodilator prostaglandins. Alternatively, renal sympathetic nerves may normally prime prostaglandin synthesis in the outer cortex.
Prototype Parallel Readout System for Position Sensitive PMT Based Gamma Ray Imaging Systems (2007)

A parallel prototype readout system that allows digitization and acquisition of 64 or more anode signals from a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) was developed for a miniature hand-held gamma camera. This acquisition system was developed to study the benefits of a digital readout system compared to charge multiplexed techniques such as resistive division. The system was developed using CAMAC instrumentation standard and controlled via a Macintosh Computer. Four 16-channel charge-to-digital conversion (QDC) CAMAC modules were used to digitize individual anode signals from the PSPMT. To maximize the data transfer rate, a list processor module was also added in the system. For acquisition and processing of the digitized data, we used Kmax software from SPARROW. The system provided 99.9% spatial linearity when inter-anode gain correction was applied to list-mode data. Much improved scintillation crystal separation in a flood histogram with 16:1 peak to valley ratio, and higher edge sensitivity was obtained compared to resistive charge multiplexing readout
Optimization of the contrast, brightness, and modulation amplitude of light in electrooptic devices based on polymer-encapsulated ferroelectric liquid crystals (1998)

An analysis is made of the relations connecting the maximum optical transmittance, the light modulation amplitude, and the contrast in a polymer-encapsulated ferroelectric liquid-crystal device to the geometry of device and the tilt angle θ of the director. The correctness of the calculations is confirmed by their agreement with experimental measurements.
Ratio of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin to 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in endothelial cells determines glucose-elicited changes in NO vs. superoxide production by eNOS (2008)

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) is an essential cofactor of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). Oxidation of BH(4), in the setting of diabetes and other chronic vasoinflammatory conditions, can cause cofactor insufficiency and uncoupling of endothelial NOS (eNOS), manifest by a switch from nitric oxide (NO) to superoxide production. Here we tested the hypothesis that eNOS uncoupling is not simply a consequence of BH(4) insufficiency, but rather results from a diminished ratio of BH(4) vs. its catalytically incompetent oxidation product, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH(2)). In support of this hypothesis, [(3)H]BH(4) binding studies revealed that BH(4) and BH(2) bind eNOS with equal affinity (K(d) approximately 80 nM) and BH(2) can rapidly and efficiently replace BH(4) in preformed eNOS-BH(4) complexes. Whereas the total biopterin pool of murine endothelial cells (ECs) was unaffected by 48-h exposure to diabetic glucose levels (30 mM), BH(2) levels increased from undetectable to 40% of total biopterin. This BH(2) accumulation was associated with diminished calcium ionophore-evoked NO activity and accelerated superoxide production. Since superoxide production was suppressed by NOS inhibitor treatment, eNOS was implicated as a principal superoxide source. Importantly, BH(4) supplementation of ECs (in low and high glucose-containing media) revealed that calcium ionophore-evoked NO bioactivity correlates with intracellular BH(4):BH(2) and not absolute intracellular levels of BH(4). Reciprocally, superoxide production was found to negatively correlate with intracellular BH(4):BH(2). Hyperglycemia-associated BH(4) oxidation and NO insufficiency was recapitulated in vivo, in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat model of type 2 diabetes. Together, these findings implicate diminished intracellular BH(4):BH(2), rather than BH(4) depletion per se, as the molecular trigger for NO insufficiency in diabetes.
&lt;title&gt;Durability of electrochromic windows fabricated with carbon-based counterelectrode&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

A tungsten oxide film has been widely employed as an electrochromic material dye to its great electrochemical durability. Durability of carbon materials as electrodes have been more clearly verified in many practical use, a lithium ion battery and an electric double layer capacitor, for example. We then focused on a large electric double layer capacitance and the electrochemical durability in carbon materials. The chief purpose of this paper is to examine electro-optical performance and durability of the electrochromic windows (ECW) fabricated with the carbon- based electrode. The ECWs have been tested for durability under various weather conditions. Most of the tests were carried out on the ECWs with UV-cut filters installed. The filters allowed us to improve the ECW durability greatly. Main results are as follows: (1) we were successful in developing carbon-based electrodes for ECWs and in fabricating an ECW (a carbon-based electrode/a polymeric solid electrolyte/a tungsten oxide electrode), (2) the utilization of the carbon-based electrode increased the ECW durability against high temperature, UV radiation, heat cycle and so forth, and (3) their electrochromic performance were found out to be sufficiently high enough for architectural and automotive purposes.