gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution of Membrane Proteins into Polymer-Supported Membranes for Probing Diffusion and Interactions by Single Molecule Techniques (2011)

We have established a robust and versatile analytical platform for probing membrane protein function in a defined lipid environment on solid supports. This approach is based on vesicle capturing onto an ultrathin poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer brush functionalized with fatty acid moieties and subsequent vesicle fusion into a contiguous membrane. In order to ensure efficient formation of these tethered polymer-supported membranes (PSM), very small unilamellar vesicles (VSUV) containing fluorescent lipids or model transmembrane proteins were generated by detergent depletion with cyclodextrin. Thus, very rapid reconstitution of membrane proteins into PSM was possible in a format compatible with microfluidics. Moreover, surfaces could be regenerated with detergent solution and reused multiple times. Lipid and protein diffusion in these membranes was investigated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, single molecule tracking, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Full mobility of lipids and a high degree of protein mobility as well as homogeneous diffusion of both were observed. Quantitative ligand binding studies by solid phase detection techniques confirmed functional integrity of a transmembrane receptor reconstituted into these PSM. Colocomotion of individual ligand-receptor complexes was detected, demonstrating the applicability for single molecule fluorescence techniques.
High‐Density Electron Anions in a Nanoporous Single Crystal: [Ca<sub>24</sub>Al<sub>28</sub>O<sub>64</sub>]<sup>4+</sup>(4e<sup>‐</sup>). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Analyzing the Effect of Using Axial Impellers in Large-Scale Bioreactors (2022)

In high-performance industrial fermentation processes, stirring and aeration may account for significant production costs. Compared to the widely applied Rushton impellers, axial-pumping impellers are known to yield a lower power draw and at the same time improve mixing. However, their lower gas dispersion capability requires stronger agitation, compromising these benefits. Diverse advanced impeller forms have been developed to cope with this challenge. We apply alternating radial and axial impellers and demonstrate strong gas dispersion and energy-efficient mixing for the first time in a large-scale (160 m ) bioreactor, based on experimental and CFD simulation data. For equal operating conditions (stirrer speed, aeration rate), this setup yielded similar gas hold-ups and better mixing times (-35 %) compared to a classical Rushton-only configuration. Hence, applying a radial impeller on an upper level for improving gas dispersion maintains the benefits of axial impellers in terms of reducing energy demand (up to -50 %). We conclude that this effect is significant only at large-scale, when bubbles substantially expand due to the release of the hydrostatic pressure and have time to coalesce. The work thus extends current knowledge on mixing and aeration of large-scale reactors using classical impeller types.
Kombucha electronics: electronic circuits on kombucha mats (2023)

A kombucha is a tea and sugar fermented by over sixty kinds of yeasts and bacteria. This symbiotic community produces kombucha mats, which are cellulose-based hydrogels. The kombucha mats can be used as an alternative to animal leather in industry and fashion once they have been dried and cured. Prior to this study, we demonstrated that living kombucha mats display dynamic electrical activity and distinct stimulating responses. For use in organic textiles, cured mats of kombucha are inert. To make kombucha wearables functional, it is necessary to incorporate electrical circuits. We demonstrate that creating electrical conductors on kombucha mats is possible. After repeated bending and stretching, the circuits maintain their functionality. In addition, the abilities and electronic properties of the proposed kombucha, such as being lighter, less expensive, and more flexible than conventional electronic systems, pave the way for their use in a diverse range of applications.
Immunostimulatory Effects of the Anionic Alkali Mineral Complex BARODON on Equine Lymphocytes (2006)

Previous studies have shown that the anionic alkali mineral complex BARODON has an immunoenhancing effect on pigs as an adjuvant and as a nonspecific immunostimulant. Likewise, the equine immune system has been defined with various monoclonal antibodies specific to equine leukocyte differentiation antigens to determine the possibility of enhancing equine resistance to respiratory diseases and promoting other immunostimulatory effects with the application of BARODON. Compared with the control group, after 3 weeks of treatment, BARODON-treated groups showed higher proportions of cells (P < 0.05) expressing major histocompatibility complex class II and CD2, CD4(+), CD4(+) CD25(+), CD8(+), and CD8(+) CD25(+) T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and surface immunoglobulin M(+) B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, as well as enhanced cell proliferative responses with phytohemagglutinin and increased phagocytic activity against Streptococcus equi and Staphylococcus aureus strains with high antibiotic resistance, the bacteria frequently identified as etiologic agents of equine respiratory diseases at the Seoul Race Park in Seoul, Korea. This study shows that BARODON may act as an immunostimulator and can be an effective alternative to antimicrobial feed additives for nonspecific improvements in equine immune responses, particularly against respiratory diseases.
Plasmon‐Induced Sub‐Bandgap Photodetection with Organic Schottky Diodes (2016)

Organic materials for near‐infrared (NIR) photodetection are in the focus for developing organic optical‐sensing devices. The choice of materials for bulk‐type organic photodetectors is limited due to effects like high nonradiative recombination rates for low‐gap materials. Here, an organic Schottky barrier photodetector with an integrated plasmonic nanohole electrode is proposed, enabling structure‐dependent, sub‐bandgap photodetection in the NIR. Photons are detected via internal photoemission (IPE) process over a metal/organic semiconductor Schottky barrier. The efficiency of IPE is improved by exciting localized surface plasmon resonances, which are further enhanced by coupling to an out‐of‐plane Fabry–Pérot cavity within the metal/organic/metal device configuration. The device allows large on/off ratio (&gt;1000) and the selective control of individual pixels by modulating the Schottky barrier height. The concept opens up new design and application possibilities for organic NIR photodetectors.
Reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen on metal–carbon catalysts under supercritical conditions (2016)

The reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen on metal–carbon (Ru, Rh, Ir) catalysts is investigated under supercritical conditions for the first time. High selectivity (close to 100%) toward methanation with good stability of catalytic activity is observed for Ru- and Rh-containing catalyst, while the preferred reduction to CO is observed for Ir/C catalyst.
Spring-Operating Mechanism for High-Voltage Gas-Circuit Breaker by applying 1D-CAE method (2020)

A spring-operating mechanism for high-voltage gas-circuit breaker has been developing. The simulation by using 1D-CAE method is carried out for this mechanism. The pneumatics, rigid body, spring, hydraulics and solenoid are modeled with each functional icon placed in the united simulation system. We confirmed good accuracy in plus or minus 5 percent for the simulation and the experiment on the prototype design. This simulation can also be applied for three pole gang-operated mechanism. Each motion of the pole is not in sync because the torsion of main shaft appear strongly. The parametric study for the designs has performed. Finally, the design of mechanism with the auxiliary damper was obtained.
Author response: Generation of human hepatic progenitor cells with regenerative and metabolic capacities from primary hepatocytes (2019)

One of the most successful treatments for liver disease is transplanting a donor liver into a patient. But demands for donor livers far outstrips supply. A promising alternative could be, rather than replacing the whole organ, to transplant patients with individual liver cells called hepatocytes. These cells can then move into the liver, replace damaged cells, and help support the organ. However, hepatocytes are also in short supply, as despite the liver’s amazing regenerative abilities, these cells struggle to divide outside of the body. Improving how these cells multiply, could therefore help more people receive hepatocyte transplants. In 2017, researchers found a way to convert mouse and rat hepatocytes into cells that could divide more rapidly using a cocktail of three small molecules. These 'chemically induced liver progenitors', or CLiPs for short, were able to mature into working hepatocytes and support injured mouse livers. But, discoveries made in rats and mice are not always applicable to humans. Now, Katsuda et al. – including some of the researchers involved in the 2017 work – have set out to investigate whether CLiPs can also be made from human cells, and if so, whether these cells can be used for hepatocyte transplantations. Using a similar cocktail of molecules, Katsuda et al. managed to convert infant human hepatocytes into CLiPs. As with the rodent cells, these human CLiPs were able to turn back into mature, working liver cells. When transplanted into mice with genetic liver diseases, the human CLiPs moved into the liver and became part of the organ. These transplanted cells were able to reconstruct the liver tissue of diseased mice, and in some cases, replaced more than 90% of the liver’s damaged cells. Developing human CLiP technology could provide a new way to support people on the waiting list for liver transplantation. But there are some obstacles still to overcome. At present the technique only works with hepatocytes from infant donors. The next step is to improve the method so that it works with liver cells donated by adults.
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 based therapies: A magic bullet for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a member of the FGF19 sub-family of signaling molecules. They have been found to act at the localized paracrine/autocrine and systemic endocrine levels because of their extracellular matrix and co-receptor protein binding characteristics. While the molecule circulates systemically, it has specificity conferred by a co-factor binding protein β-Klotho which is preferentially expressed in hepatic and adipose tissues. This protein, in conjunction with the FGF receptor (FGFR), propagates the downstream effects of the growth factor signaling cascade, which has been linked to fat and glucose metabolism. FGF21 has been recognized as a possible pathway for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Targeting of the FGF21/FGFR/β-Klotho pathway may halt or reverse hepatic fat infiltration, inflammation, and fibrosis.<b>Areas covered</b>: This article summarizes preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy and safety of two FGF21 agonist therapies in development.<b>Expert opinion</b>: Preclinical and clinical data justify further investigation of FGF21 agonist therapies for the treatment of NAFLD. However, issues including injection site reactions and possible effects on bone homeostasis mean that safety must be evaluated carefully.
Digital printing in wood industry (2020)

Digital printing in wood industry. The article presents modern techniques for surface finishing of wood-based panels, including the dynamically developing digital printing technology. The basic technological factors affecting the result of the digital printing process are discussed, and advantages and disadvantages of different types of this technology are presented.
Integrating music‐based interventions with gamma‐frequency stimulation for Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment (2022)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by disrupted, synchronous neural activity in the gamma‐band range (30‐100 Hz) and atypical cross‐frequency coupling between gamma and other bands of brain activity 1‐3 . In non‐human‐animal models, restoring aberrant gamma activity with non‐invasive gamma sensory stimulation remediates multiple pathophysiologies of AD (e.g., amyloid‐beta, tau tangles) and improves cognition 4,5 . While promising, gamma sensory stimulation may be difficult to use with human patients. We theorize that combining gamma sensory stimulation with natural music may increase the efficacy of gamma interventions for dementia, as music naturally drives gamma brain activity; engages multiple brain networks that are important for learning, memory, and reward processing; and music‐based interventions can reduce distress and agitation in older adults with dementia 6 . Method We developed a non‐invasive, gamma‐ and music‐based intervention for dementia, called SynchronyGamma (SynG). SynG delivers synchronized bursts of gamma‐frequency visual stimulation during natural music listening, cross‐frequency coupled to delta (0.5 – 4 Hz) and theta (4 – 8 Hz) visual rhythms, which adapt in real‐time to musical rhythms. In a preclinical experiment featuring older adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) (N = 19 experimental group, 3 with MCI/SCD; N = 18 control group, 2 with MCI/SCD), we tested whether a single‐dose of music listening with SynG, relative to a control intervention, drives gamma neural activity; induces cross‐frequency coupling between delta, theta, and gamma brain activity; and improves cognition (e.g., delayed‐match‐to‐sample working‐memory task) Results SynG was found to drive scalp‐recorded gamma brain activity (p&lt;0.05), and induce stronger cross‐frequency coupling, relative to the control condition (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, enhanced gamma activity was observed during the working‐memory task that followed the intervention. Finally, SynG participants performed more accurately on a visual working memory task compared to their control counterparts, although this improvement fell short of statistical significance following a single dose (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion Together, these findings suggest that combining self‐selected music with delta, theta, and gamma frequency visual stimulation is effective at driving gamma neural activity, inducing cross‐frequency coupling, and it may improve cognitive functioning. Future research will assess the effects of a longitudinal implementation of the intervention.
Amphiphilic Dendrimers with Both Octyl and Triethylenoxy Methyl Ether Chain Ends (2000)

Tertiary amine dendrimers with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chains on every end were synthesized from poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers DAB-dendr-(NH2)n (n = 8, 32, and 64) using sequential amidations and LiAlH4 reductions. The tertiary amine dendrimers were quaternized completely with methyl iodide and converted to quaternary ammonium chlorides by ion exchange. The quaternary ammonium chloride dendrimers are soluble in both organic solvents and water. 13C NMR spin−lattice relaxation time (T1) measurements show that the conformations of the dendrimers depend on solvent. The quaternary ammonium chloride dendrimers solubilize lipophilic compounds, such as pyrene and Reichardt's dye, in aqueous solution. The limiting solubility corresponds to one pyrene per dendrimer molecule. The rates of the decarboxylation of 6-nitrobenzisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid in aqueous solutions of the cationic dendrimers were up to 500 times faster than in water alone.
Metagratings: Beyond the Limits of Graded Metasurfaces for Wave Front Control (2017)

Graded metasurfaces exploit the local momentum imparted by an impedance gradient to transform the impinging wavefront. This approach suffers from fundamental limits on the overall conversion efficiency and it is challenged by fabrication limitations on the maximum spatial resolution. Here, we introduce the concept of meta-gratings, which enables arbitrary wavefront engineering with unitary efficiency and significantly lower demands on the fabrication precision. We employ this concept to design reflective metasurfaces for wavefront steering without limitations on efficiency. A similar approach is envisioned for transmitted beams and for arbitrary wavefront transformation, opening promising opportunities for highly-efficient metasurfaces for extreme wave manipulation.
Urodynamic Measurements by Radiotelemetry in Conscious, Freely Moving Beagle Dogs (2009)

Telemetry provides the potential to significantly decrease animal use while enabling the continuous monitoring of urodynamics under more physiological conditions without tethering or artificial filling. In addition, this new model facilitates evaluation of the chronic efficacy of new urological therapies.
Alternatives to Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Look Back at the State of the Field in 2012 (2013)

Stroke is the most feared complication among patients with atrial fibrillation. Oral anticoagulation therapy with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) has been the gold standard for stroke prevention for the past 60 years. However, VKA therapy has many downsides, including risk for bleeding, a narrow therapeutic window, and the need for frequent monitoring, as well as numerous diet and lifestyle considerations that make its use cumbersome. Thus, development of new drugs that can preserve the benefits of VKAs while eliminating the negative aspects of VKA therapy has been enthusiastically sought. This article reviews the anticoagulant agents that are clinically available or under development as alternatives to VKAs for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
Contrasts and Resolution in Light Sheet Based Microscopy (SPIM, DSLM, LSFM) (2008)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. Stelzer, "Contrasts and Resolution in Light Sheet Based Microscopy (SPIM, DSLM, LSFM)," in Biomedical Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2008), paper BMF1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Frequency conversion in semiconductor lasers and amplifiers (1994)

Abstract Different methods to obtain frequency conversion in optical systems using nonlinear effects in semiconductor devices are analyzed and discussed. In particular, some recent results obtained on the frequency conversion by gain saturation and four wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor lasers and amplifiers are reported.
Reducing Cache Hardware by Focusing on Data Redundancy (2014)

SUMMARY There is one reason to utilize cache that mitigates processor performance limitation comes from data transfer bandwidth. Recently, cache size expansion is required in this use because data transfer bandwidth requirement is increasing for recent large data size and multi‐core trends. However, cache size expansion is unwelcome because it causes problems arising from circuit area and power consumption viewpoint. This paper focuses a data redundancy with the goal of reducing cache size and proposes a mechanism that does not store redundant data into cache. The proposed mechanism divides data into higher bit and lower bit that stored into higher cache and lower cache, respectively. We reduced higher cache size to half size by keeping 46% redundant data in higher bit area not to store into higher cache. The evaluation results show that the proposed mechanism increases IPC by 3.3% on average compared with same circuit area conventional cache under SPECCPU2000 benchmarks.
Dietary Supplementation of Choline or Potassium in Low Crude Protein Diets on Growth and Carcass Performance of Finishing Pigs from 245 to 295 lb (2017)

A total of 284 pigs (DNA 600 × 241, initially 247.4 lb) were used in a 26-d trial to determine the effect of added choline or potassium on growth and carcass performance of finishing pigs fed low CP diets. Pens of 7 or 8 pigs were allotted by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 9 replications per treatment. Experimental treatments included a 12% CP, positive control diet with 10.6% SBM; a 10% CP, negative control diet with 4.0% SBM; the negative control with added choline; or potassium such that the added choline or potassium matched the amount that was provided in the 12% CP diet. At d 26, pigs were transported to a packing plant for processing and carcass data collection. For overall growth performance, there was no evidence for differences in ADG or ADFI; however, there was a marginal improvement (P < 0.10) in F/G for pigs fed the positive control diet with 12% CP compared with the mean of pigs fed the diets with 10% CP. Adding choline or potassium to the diet did not influence performance. For carcass characteristics, there was no evidence for differences in HCW, yield, backfat, loin depth, or lean percentage. In summary, marginally poorer F/G observed in pigs fed the 10% CP diet with 4.0% SBM was not influenced by supplementation with choline or potassium.
A feedback transcriptional mechanism controls the level of the arginine/lysine transporter cat-1 during amino acid starvation (2007)

The adaptive response to amino acid limitation in mammalian cells inhibits global protein synthesis and promotes the expression of proteins that protect cells from stress. The arginine/lysine transporter, cat-1, is induced during amino acid starvation by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. It is shown in the present study that the transient induction of cat-1 transcription is regulated by the stress response pathway that involves phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor, eIF2 (eukaryotic initiation factor-2). This phosphorylation induces expression of the bZIP (basic leucine zipper protein) transcription factors C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein)-beta and ATF (activating transcription factor) 4, which in turn induces ATF3. Transfection experiments in control and mutant cells, and chromatin immunoprecipitations showed that ATF4 activates, whereas ATF3 represses cat-1 transcription, via an AARE (amino acid response element), TGATGAAAC, in the first exon of the cat-1 gene, which functions both in the endogenous and in a heterologous promoter. ATF4 and C/EBPbeta activated transcription when expressed in transfected cells and they bound as heterodimers to the AARE in vitro. The induction of transcription by ATF4 was inhibited by ATF3, which also bound to the AARE as a heterodimer with C/EBPbeta. These results suggest that the transient increase in cat-1 transcription is due to transcriptional activation caused by ATF4 followed by transcriptional repression by ATF3 via a feedback mechanism.
Generation of 066-TW pulses at 1??kHz by a Ti:sapphire laser (1998)

A 1-kHz, 0.66-TW Ti:sapphire laser has been developed. We obtained 21-fs, 14-mJ pulses with an extraction efficiency of 32% in the final amplifier. The dispersion through the system was successfully compensated for by insertion of a pair of prisms in a regenerative amplifier. The pulses were characterized by frequency-resolved optical gating and were in good agreement with dispersion calculated by three-dimensional ray tracing.