gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Phenol and Cyclohexanol with Supercritical Water (2017)

Transformation of phenol and cyclohexanol was studied in supercritical water (SCW) in a flow reactor at 300 bar, 500–750°С, and LHSV = 1.2–2.0 h–1. At 500–600°С the only products of phenol conversion are aromatic hydrocarbons—benzene, toluene, naphthalene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Almost complete conversion of phenol is achieved at 750°С with selectivity to gaseous products (H2, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6) not higher than 30%. A preliminary catalytic hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol facilitates both overall reaction with SCW and the formation of gaseous products. At temperatures as low as 600°С gaseous products are formed from cyclohexanol, and its complete conversion is achieved at 700°С. In the latter case, the yield of the gaseous products reaches 70%, including 40% of C1–C2 hydr°Carbons. The differences in the rate of conversion in SCW and in selectivity to gaseous products between phenol and cyclohexanol at 500–750°С are associated with the stability of the aromatic ring.
Stimulation-Evoked Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Following Cocaine Administration in Rats Perinatally Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (2013)

Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alters brain dopamine (DA) concentrations and DA receptor/transporter function, suggesting the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse acting on the DA system may be affected by PCB exposure. Female Long-Evans rats were orally exposed to 0, 3, or 6 mg/kg/day PCBs from 4 weeks prior to breeding until litters were weaned on postnatal day 21. In vivo fixed potential amperometry (FPA) was used in adult anesthetized offspring to determine whether perinatal PCB exposure altered (1) presynaptic DA autoreceptor (DAR) sensitivity, (2) electrically evoked nucleus accumbens (NAc) DA efflux following administration of cocaine, and (3) the rate of depletion of presynaptic DA stores. One adult male and female littermate were tested using FPA following a single injection of cocaine (20 mg/kg ip), whereas a second adult male and female littermate were tested following the last of seven daily cocaine injections of the same dose. The carbon fiber recording microelectrode was positioned in the NAc core, and DA oxidation currents (i.e., DA release) evoked by brief stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) were quantified before and after administration of cocaine. PCB-exposed rats exhibited enhanced stimulation-evoked DA release (relative to baseline) following a single injection of cocaine. Although nonexposed controls exhibited typical DA sensitization following repeated cocaine administration, this effect was attenuated in PCB-exposed rats. In addition, DAR sensitivity was higher (males only), and the rate of depletion of presynaptic DA stores was greater in PCB-exposed animals relative to nonexposed controls. These results indicate that perinatal PCB exposure can modify DA synaptic transmission in the NAc in a manner previously shown to alter the reinforcing properties of cocaine.
Mechanism of Catalytic Aziridination with Manganese Corrole:  The Often Postulated High-Valent Mn(V) Imido Is Not the Group Transfer Reagent (2006)

The reaction of Arl=NTs (Ar = 2-(tert-butylsulfonyl)benzene and Ts = p-toluenesulfonyl) and (tpfc)Mn (tpfc=5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole), 1, affords the high-valent (tpfc)MnV=NTs, 2, on stopped-flow time scale. The reaction proceeds via the adduct [(tpfc)MnIII(ArINTs)], 3, with formation constant K3 = (10 +/- 2) x 10(3) L mol-1. Subsequently, 3 undergoes unimolecular group transfer to give complex 2 with the rate constant k4 = 0.26 +/- 0.07 s-1 at 24.0 degrees C. The complex (tpfc)Mn catalyzes [NTs] group transfer from ArINTs to styrene substrates with low catalyst loading and without requirement of excess olefin. The catalytic aziridination reaction is most efficient in benzene because solvents such as toluene undergo a competing hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction resulting in H2NTs and lowered aziridine yields. The high-valent manganese imido complex (tpfc)Mn=NTs does not transfer its [NTs] group to styrene. Double-labeling experiments with ArINTs and ArINTstBu (TstBu = (p-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonyl) establish the source of [NR] transfer as a "third oxidant", which is an adduct of Mn(V) imido, [(tpfc)Mn(NTstBu)(ArINTs)](4). Formation of this oxidant is rate limiting in catalysis.
A case report on a rare presentation of adrenal myelolipoma with low-impact traumatic haemorrhage and the challenges of conservative management (2022)

Adrenal myelolipomas are rare, hormonally silent, adipose and myeloid-containing lesions that are mostly asymptomatic. If they do present it is usually with mass-related flank pain or spontaneous haemorrhage. A 55-year-old female presented with right flank pain after a fall from a static pushbike. Computer tomography identified a large adrenal lesion with surrounding acute retroperitoneal haemorrhage. A conservative approach to treatment was decided on as the patient remained haemodynamically stable. The patient developed a pulmonary embolism during the time of conservative management and therefore had to be anticoagulated with close monitoring. Outpatient surveillance imaging was reassuring, hormonal screening was negative and biopsy confirmed myelolipoma. We report a rare presentation of adrenal myelolipoma with the sequelae of haemorrhage from low-impact trauma and the challenges of conservative management.
Odor-Active Components in Ground Roasted Sesame Seeds (2008)

本研究では，軽く，香ばしい，独特のトップノートを有する，すりたてのゴマの香りに寄与する特徴成分を解明することを目的とし，以下の結果を得た．HS-SPME法で検出された，低沸点の特徴的な香気成分とSAFE法で得られた香気成分分析の結果を相補的に用いることにより，すりたてゴマ全体の特徴香気を詳細に知ることができた．すりたてのゴマの香りに寄与する特徴成分は，既報より知られている炒りゴマ中の香気成分に加え，低沸点のroast/cooked香，sulfur香を有する複数の成分であることが分った．これらsulfur香を有する成分のひとつが2-mercapto-3-pentanoneであると同定した．この香調はcatty様の特徴を持つsulfur香であり，コーヒーや調理した肉の香気成分として知られているが，ゴマの香気から見出されたのは初めての例である．
Lock-in thermography and nonuniformity modeling of thin-film CdTe solar cells (2004)

We present the lock-in thermography study of thin-film CdTe/CdS solar cells. Several major features of thermal signal are identified, such as much higher intensity for cells under illumination, considerable inhomogeneity, and a bright contour line corresponding to the higher intensity at the cell edge. Light soak stress is shown to increase the device lateral nonuniformity. We model the solar cell as a two-dimensional system of random diodes connected in parallel through a resistive electrode. The simulated current distribution maps are consistent with the thermography data.
Worst-case execution time analysis on modern processors (1995)

Many of the trends that have dominated recent evolution and advancement within the computer architecture community have complicated the analysis of task execution times. Most of the difficulties result from two particular emphases: (1) Instruction-level parallelism, and (2) Optimization of average-case behavior rather than worst-case latencies. Both of these trends have resulted in increased nondeterminism in the time required to execute particular code sequences. And since the analysis required to determine worst-case task execution times on modern processors is so complicated, it is not practical for programmers to perform all of the necessary analyses by hand. Tools must aid them. This paper describes ongoing research on a collection of tools intended to automate the analyses that must be performed in order to build reliable real-time software for modern computing environments. Emphasis is given to the interplay between components of the development environment.
Comparison of Fludarabine/Melphalan (FluMel) with Fludarabine/Melphalan/BCNU or Thiotepa (FBM/FTM) in Patients with AML in First Complete Remission Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - a Registry Study on Behalf of the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party (2022)

Conditioning protocols for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) are being developed continuously to improve their anti-leukemic efficacy and reduce their toxicity, especially in older patients or those with comorbidities. In the present study, we compared the conditioning protocol FluMel (fludarabine, median 150 mg/m2; melphalan, median 140mg/m2) with conditioning protocols based on FluMel with an additional alkylating agent i.e. either FBM (fludarabine, median 150mg/m2; carmustine 300-400mg/m2; and melphalan, median 110 mg/m2) or FTM (fludarabine, median 150mg/m2; thiotepa 5-10mg/kg; and melphalan, median 110 mg/m2). From the registry of the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party, we identified 1551 adult patients (1139 patients with FluMel and 412 patients with FBM/FTM) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with intermediate/poor cytogenetic risk in first complete remission (CR1), and transplanted with unmanipulated peripheral blood grafts from related or unrelated donors. Impacts of these two regimens on the outcomes were evaluated using Cox multivariable models. Patients in the FBM/FTM group were older (62.4 years vs. 59.9 years, p<0.001), had a worse Karnofsky performance score (KPS<90, 31.2% vs. 22.7%, p<0.001) and received more often grafts from unrelated donors (77.9% vs. 66.6%, p<0.001), which were associated with worse overall survival (OS). Patients conditioned with FluMel more often received an in vivo T-cell depletion (TCD, 85 vs 90%, p<0.01) and this was based on alemtuzumab (21% vs. 69%) compared with patients conditioned with FBM/FTM, who received more frequently anti-thymocyte globuline (ATG, 78% vs. 7%). On univariate analysis, patients in the FBM/FTM group showed a better OS (2y OS: 69.9% vs. 57.9%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.62, p<0.001), leukemia-free survival (LFS) (2y LFS: 61% vs 53.5%, HR 0.74, p=0.004), and less non-relapse mortality (NRM) (2y NRM: 14.6% vs 22%, HR: 0.54, p<0.001) at 2 years compared to patients treated with FluMel. No significant differences were observed in relapse incidence (RI) (2y RI: 24.3% vs. 24.5%, HR: 0.95, p=0.73). Multivariate analysis confirmed improved outcomes (OS, LFS and NRM) in patients treated with FBM/FTM and no significant difference in RI. Differences in GvHD prophylaxis and in melphalan dose were observed in both cohorts, which might have influenced patient outcomes. In conclusion, the addition of a second alkylating agent (BCNU/carmustine or thiotepa) to FluMel as FBM/FTM conditioning improves overall survival in AML patients with intermediate/poor risk cytogenetics in CR. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal
Small interfering RNA targeting <i>Fas</i> protects mice against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (2004)

Fas-mediated apoptosis has been suggested to contribute to tubular cell death after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here we investigate whether small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes targeting Fas protect mice from acute renal failure after clamping of the renal artery. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by clamping the renal vein and artery for 15 or 35 min. Mice were treated before or after ischemia with siRNA targeting Fas or a control gene, administered by hydrodynamic injection, low-volume renal vein injection, or both. Treated mice were evaluated for renal Fas protein and mRNA expression, tissue histopathology, and apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Blood urea nitrogen and survival were monitored in mice in which the contralateral kidney had been removed. A single hydrodynamic injection of Fas siRNA reduced Fas mRNA and protein expression in the kidney 4-fold. Kidneys from mice that received Fas siRNA two days earlier had substantially less renal tubular apoptosis by TUNEL staining and less tubular atrophy and hyaline damage. Whereas 90% of mice pretreated with saline or GFP siRNA died, only 20% of Fas-siRNA-pretreated animals died. The same survival advantage was provided by a single low-volume Fas siRNA injection into the renal vein. Moreover, postischemic injection through the renal vein protected 38% of mice from death. This study confirms the importance of Fas-mediated apoptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Silencing Fas by systemic or local catheterization holds therapeutic promise to limit ischemia-reperfusion injury.
FinFET SRAM for high-performance low-power applications (2004)

The SRAM behavior of FinFET technology is investigated and compared with 90 nm node planar partially-depleted silicon-on-insulator (PD-SOI) technology. Unique FinFET circuit behavior in SRAM applications, resulting from the near-ideal device characteristics, is demonstrated by full cell cross section simulation for the first time, and shows high performance and low active and standby power. SRAM stability is analyzed in detail, as compared to PD-SOI.
Bluetooth based Proximity, Multi-hop Analysis and Bi-directional Trust: Epidemics and More (2020)

In this paper, we propose a trust layer on top of Bluetooth and similar wireless communication technologies that can form mesh networks. This layer as a protocol enables computing trust scores based on proximity and bi-directional transfer of messages in multiple hops across a network of mobile devices. We describe factors and an approach for determining these trust scores and highlight its applications during epidemics such as COVID-19 through improved contact-tracing, better privacy and verification for sensitive data sharing in the numerous Bluetooth and GPS based mobile applications that are being developed to track the spread.
Development of Numerical Analysis for Stirling Type Pulse-tube Cryocooler Performance. (2004)

The pulse-tube cryocooler is which doesn't need a moving parts in the expansion space and the advantage that said with improvement of reliability by low vibration is given. But it becomes difficult to predict performance of the cryocooler because there is not a piston when we design new cryocooler. In late years, analysis technique by Thermoacoustics theory has been developed as the tool which understood the pulse-tube cryocooler at the overall. Moreover and, as a simple method, Matsubara likens gas in pulse-tube to solid piston, and develops equivalent PV method calculating work in the expansion space. But, as pulse-tube design tool, there are many points to be still not enough. So we select numerical calculation by 3rd order as analysis technique to do design development of pulse-tube cryocooler by this report, and report it because evaluation examined behavior of inside gas by a difference of the phase shifter.
Cloning and characterization of a glucosyltransferase and a rhamnosyltransferase from<i>Streptomyces</i>sp. 139 (2009)

Both of two enzymes play essential roles in the formation of repeating units of sugars during Ebosin biosynthesis. These are the first glucosyltransferase and rhamnosyltransferase in the biosynthesis of a Streptomyces exopolysaccharide to be characterized.
Phosphorus ion implantation and POCl3 doping effects of n+-polycrystalline-silicon/high-<i>k</i> gate dielectric (HfO2 and Al2O3) films (2004)

Phosphorus (P)-doped polycrystalline-silicon gate/HfO2 or HfO2–Al2O3/p-type Si (100) metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors were fabricated using either a POCl3 diffusion or an ion implantation technique to investigate the relationship between P penetration and the electrical properties of the high-k gate dielectric stacks. The HfO2–Al2O3 bilayer showed higher P diffusion blocking properties as a result of the 4.1-nm-thick amorphous interface layer including Al2O3 (or Al-silicate). The P ion-implanted sample with the HfO2–Al2O3 bilayer sample had the smallest leakage current density of −8.8×10−10 A/cm2 at −1 V, which was due to the lower P penetration, and the higher trap depth of approximately 1.3±0.02 eV compared to 0.9±0.02 eV of the sample with only HfO2. However, the P doping by POCl3 diffusion was too excessive and only very leaky devices were produced.
Variability in responses to nutrients and trace elements, and transmission of stressor effects through an estuarine food web (1999)

Marine bivalve molluscs such as the blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis ) and the soft shell clam ( Mya arenaria ) have been used as sentinel organisms of contaminant bioavailability and the biological consequences of contaminant exposure. Biological responses that may contribute to the impairment of reproductive and developmental processes include responses that can be categorized as interfering with bioenergetic processes such as feeding and nutrient allocation; biosynthetic processes, such as the synthesis of energy stores; and morphogenic processes, such as those involved in structural development. Case studies within New Bedford and Boston Harbors (Massachusetts) are used to examine the relationship between contaminant uptake and effects on the reproductive cycle and bioenergetics of mussels and soft shell clams. The results observed illustrate that disruption in bioenergetics in bivalve molluscs exposed to chemical contaminants can result in loss of reproductive output and increased susceptibility to disease. Differences in the extent of reproductive impairment may be linked specifically to energetic strategies of individual species.
A practical and scalable system for heteroaryl amino acid synthesis (2017)

A robust system for the preparation of β-heteroaryl α-amino acid derivatives has been developed using photoredox catalysis. This system operates <i>via</i> regiospecific activation of halogenated pyridines (or other heterocycles) and conjugate addition to dehydroalanine derivatives to deliver a wide range of unnatural amino acids. This process was conducted with good efficiency on large scale, the application of these conditions to amino ketone synthesis is shown, and a simple protocol is given for the preparation of enantioenriched amino acid synthesis, from a number of radical precursors.
<i>TLR</i>Polymorphisms and the Risk of Invasive Fungal Infections (2008)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is a potentially lifesaving cancer therapy that, at least temporarily, renders patients highly immunocompromised and vulnerable to infection. Aspergillus fumigatus, a common environmental fungus that causes invasive infections in immunocompromised persons, is particularly problematic in patients who have undergone this treatment.1 Although the risk of the development of aspergillosis correlates with the degree of immunosuppression and the intensity of exposure to fungal spores, these factors alone do not explain why this infection develops in approximately 5 to 10% of patients who have received these transplants, whereas it does not develop in the remaining 90 to 95% . . .
Comprehensive mapping of cystic fibrosis mutations to CFTR protein identifies mutation clusters and molecular docking predicts corrector binding site (2018)

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, of which over 2000 have been reported to date. Mutations have yet to be analyzed in aggregate to assess their distribution across the tertiary structure of the CFTR protein, an approach that could provide valuable insights into the structure-function relationship of CFTR. In addition, the binding site of Class I correctors (VX-809, VX-661, and C18) is not well understood. In this study, exonic CFTR mutations and mutant allele frequencies described in 3 curated databases (ABCMdb, CFTR1, and CFTR2, comprising >130 000 data points) were mapped to 2 different structural models: a homology model of full-length CFTR protein in the open-channel state, and a cryo-electron microscopy core-structure of CFTR in the closed-channel state. Accordingly, residue positions of 6 high-frequency mutant CFTR alleles were found to spatially co-localize in CFTR protein, and a significant cluster was identified at the NBD1:ICL4 interdomain interface. In addition, immunoblotting confirmed the approximate binding site of Class I correctors, demonstrating that these small molecules act via a similar mechanism in vitro, and in silico molecular docking generated binding poses for their complex with the cryo-electron microscopy structure to suggest the putative corrector binding site is a multi-domain pocket near residues F374-L375. These results confirm the significance of interdomain interfaces as susceptible to disruptive mutation, and identify a putative corrector binding site. The structural pharmacogenomics approach of mapping mutation databases to protein models shows promise for facilitating drug discovery and personalized medicine for monogenetic diseases.
The Importance of Recognizing Pathology Associated with Retained Third Molars (2006)

“Clinical Showcase” is a series of pictorial essays that focus on the technical art of clinical dentistry. The section features step-by-step case demonstrations of clinical problems encountered in dental practice. If you would like to propose a case or recommend a clinician who could contribute to this section, contact editor-in-chief Dr. John O’Keefe at jokeefe@cda-adc.ca. The presence of either partially erupted or fully impacted third molars often prompts a visit to the dental office. Patients may experience symptoms ranging from pain to mild or moderate trismus or even acute infection with purulence at the site of the involved tooth. In such instances, immediate treatment is often necessary to alleviate or resolve the patients’ presenting complaint. In the situation of completely impacted third molars, the clinician must make the patient aware of the presence of the impacted wisdom teeth and the presence or absence of any associated pathology. The prophylactic removal of impacted wisdom teeth is often suggested to prevent problems such as infection, carious lesions, destruction of adjacent teeth, periodontal defects involving adjacent teeth, cysts or tumours.1 Because a large number of wisdom teeth remain impacted or partially impacted (84%) rather than erupting completely (16%), it is important that retained wisdom teeth be carefully monitored for signs of pathology.2 As a result, it is important that patients undergo panoramic radiography as part of the initial evaluation when third molar symptoms are part of the chief complaint. Also, the need for proper referral if pathology is suspected, as well as appropriate radiographic follow-up, must be recognized. Figures 1 to 3 illustrate lesions associated with partially erupted or impacted third molars that might be missed if periapical radiographs alone are used for routine dental evaluation. Further radiographic assessment of some lesions (Fig. 2), including computed tomography or cone beam scanning may be indicated before surgical intervention. If some lesions are not detected early, they can continue to grow. In Fig. 3, for example, because the lesion appears distal to the crown of the tooth, it might not have been detected with periapical radiography, which would have allowed further enlargement of the cyst and increased morbidity. The presence of large pathologies such as ameloblastoma or odontogenic keratocyst can lead to destruction of a large portion of the mandible, and resection and reconstruction of the affected bone may be required. The Importance of Recognizing Pathology Associated with Retained Third Molars
Benzodiazepine site inverse agonists can selectively inhibit subtypes of the GABAa receptor (1995)

Using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique, we have evaluated the effects of several inverse agonists on GABA current amplitude in Xenopus oocytes. Oocytes were injected with cRNA coding for primate alpha 1, alpha 2, or alpha 3 subunits in combination with beta 1 gamma 2, beta 2 gamma 2, or beta 3 gamma 2 subunits. In the presence of CGS 8216, we observed greater inhibition in alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2, alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2, alpha 1 beta 3 gamma 2, and alpha 3 beta 1 gamma 2 subunit combinations than in other subunit combinations (p < 0.022). DMCM also showed subunit selective inhibition (p < 0.035) whereas FG 7142 did not (p > 0.075). The above findings indicate that drug structure, alpha subunits, and beta subunits interact to influence the magnitude of inhibition of GABAA R subtypes.