gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A system for documentation and accountability of reactor services (1978)

A typical year at the Texas A and M University Nuclear Science Center involves approximately 1,000 service irradiations of nearly 10,000 samples. Since two shift operation is involved often the crew that removes the samples is different from the crew that started the irradiation. Since mishandling or a loss of a sample can be extremely costly to an experimenter, as well as violate Federal Regulations, a system is required to maintain proper control. A system which has been in use for over two years has effectively provided for sample review, routing and surveillance, scheduling, proper irradiation, storage and or release, documentation and billing. In two years and approximately 14,000 samples only two irradiations were not properly performed. (author)
Novel Synthesis of Calcium Oxide–Aluminum Oxide Glasses (2002)

Binary Al2O3:CaO glasses containing 36–50 mole% Al2O3 were synthesized by containerless processing of liquids in nitrogen using aerodynamic and a pressurized electrostatic-aerodynamic levitator. The critical cooling rate for glass formation RC under containerless conditions was ca. 70 K/s. The Vickers hardness of the glasses was 775–785; and the infrared transmission extended to approximately 5500 nm. The work function of the 36 mole% Al2O3 composition was 3.7 eV at 1100 K.
Comparing the performance of <i>FAM19A4</i> methylation analysis, cytology and HPV16/18 genotyping for the detection of cervical (pre)cancer in high‐risk HPV‐positive women of a gynecologic outpatient population (COMETH study) (2015)

Recently, DNA methylation analysis of FAM19A4 in cervical scrapes has been shown to adequately detect high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer (≥ CIN3) in high-risk HPV (hrHPV)-positive women. Here, we compared the clinical performance of FAM19A4 methylation analysis to cytology and HPV16/18 genotyping, separately and in combination, for ≥ CIN3 detection in hrHPV-positive women participating in a prospective observational multi-center cohort study. The study population comprised hrHPV-positive women aged 18-66 years, visiting a gynecological outpatient clinic. From these women, cervical scrapes and colposcopy-directed biopsies (for histological confirmation) were obtained. Cervical scrapes were analyzed for FAM19A4 gene promoter methylation, cytology and HPV16/18 genotyping. Methylation analysis was performed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). Sensitivities and specificities for ≥ CIN3 were compared between tests. Stratified analyses were performed for variables that potentially influence marker performance. Of all 508 hrHPV-positive women, the sensitivities for ≥ CIN3 of cytology, FAM19A4 methylation analysis, and cytology combined with HPV16/18 genotyping were 85.6, 75.6 and 92.2%, respectively, with corresponding specificities of 49.8, 71.1 and 29.4%, respectively. Both sensitivity and specificity of FAM19A4 methylation analysis were associated with age (p ≤ 0.001 each). In women ≥ 30 years (n = 287), ≥ CIN3 sensitivity of FAM19A4 methylation analysis was 88.3% (95%CI: 80.2-96.5) which was noninferior to that of cytology [85.5% (95%CI: 76.0-94.0)], at a significantly higher specificity [62.1% (95%CI: 55.8-68.4) compared to 47.6% (95%CI: 41.1-54.1)]. In conclusion, among hrHPV-positive women from an outpatient population aged ≥ 30 years, methylation analysis of FAM19A4 is an attractive marker for the identification of women with ≥ CIN3.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective and Rapid Rh‐Catalyzed Arylation of N‐Tosyl‐ and N‐Nosylaldimines in Methanol. (2015)

Abstract The method allows access to a broad spectrum of the required diarylmethylamine synthons with excellent enantioselectivities.
Adjuvant androgen deprivation (AD) +/- mitoxantrone + prednisone (MP) in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PC) post radical prostatectomy (RP): Phase III intergroup trial S9921. (2017)

5019 Background: Patients (pts) with high-risk PC post RP are at risk of systemic relapse with related morbidity/mortality. Adjuvant AD can reduce this risk. In 1999, based on available data, we hypothesized that adjuvant MP + 2 years (ys) of AD can further reduce mortality. Methods: Eligible pts had cT1-T3, N0 PC with post RP &gt; = 1 high risk factors defined as Gleason sum (GS) ≥ 8, pT3b, pT4, pN+, GS 7 + positive margin or any of these preoperative findings (in pts with neoadjuvant AD): preoperative PSA of &gt; 15 ng/ml, bx GS score &gt; 7, or PSA of &gt; 10 ng/ml + bx GS &gt; 6. Pts had to have post RP PSA = &lt; 0.2 ng/ml, were stratified by T, N, GS, and adjuvant radiation plan and randomized: Arm 1 AD (bicalutamide + goserelin for 2 ys) or Arm 2 AD + 6 cycles m 12 mg/m 2 + P 5mg BID. Primary endpoint: overall survival (OS). Median OS was estimated to be 10 ys in AD arm requiring 680 pts/arm to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.30 with 92% power and one-sided α = 0.05. Results: 983 pts (961 eligible intent to treat) with median age 60 ys and median PSA 7.6 ng/ml were randomized to AD or AD + MP from 10/99 -1/07 when the DSMC recommended stopping accrual due to higher leukemia rate in Arm 2. 16% had N1 (Group “Gr” 1), 61% GS ≥8 or pT3b (Gr 2),23% other risk factors (Gr 3). Median time to testosterone recovery was 9.5 months. Median follow-up (f/u) 11.2 ys. Conclusions: OS was higher than anticipated in both arms; MP did not improve OS and increased other malignancy risk. These data illustrate that systemic therapy benefit cannot be extrapolated from different disease stages and the importance of adequate f/u in adjuvant PCa trials. The remarkable DFS and 10 y OS, irrespective of risk extent, may be result of risk definition, and/or 2 ys AD. Pending definitive data 2 ys adjuvant AD for high-risk PCa post RP is a reasonable option to consider. Clinical trial information: NCT00004124. [Table: see text]
Myristoylation of the dual‐specificity phosphatase c‐JUN N‐terminal kinase (JNK) stimulatory phosphatase 1 is necessary for its activation of JNK signaling and apoptosis (2010)

Activation of the c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is implicated in a number of important physiological processes, from embryonic morphogenesis to cell survival and apoptosis. JNK stimulatory phosphatase 1 (JSP1) is a member of the dual-specificity phosphatase subfamily of protein tyrosine phosphatases. In contrast to other dual-specificity phosphatases that catalyze the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, expression of JSP1 activates JNK-mediated signaling. JSP1 and its relative DUSP15 are unique among members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family in that they contain a potential myristoylation site at the N-terminus (MGNGMXK). In this study, we investigated whether JSP1 was myristoylated and examined the functional consequences of myristoylation. Using mass spectrometry, we showed that wild-type JSP1, but not a JSP1 mutant in which Gly2 was mutated to Ala (JSP1-G2A), was myristoylated in cells. Although JSP1 maintained intrinsic phosphatase activity in the absence of myristoylation, the subcellular localization of the enzyme was altered. Compared with the wild type, the ability of nonmyristoylated JSP1 to induce JNK activation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-JUN was attenuated. Upon expression of wild-type JSP1, a subpopulation of cells, with the highest levels of the phosphatase, was induced to float off the dish and undergo apoptosis. In contrast, cells expressing similar levels of JSP1-G2A remained attached, further highlighting that the myristoylation mutant was functionally compromised.
Sociodemographic and tumor characteristics associated with pancreatic cancer surgery in the United States (2008)

There are differences in sociodemographic characteristics between surgically and non-surgically treated pancreatic cancers that are not entirely attributable to age, primary site, or stage at diagnosis.
Aqueous-phase mechanism for secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene: application to the southeast United States and co-benefit of SO <sub>2</sub> emission controls (2016)

Isoprene emitted by vegetation is an important precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the mechanism and yields are uncertain. Aerosol is prevailingly aqueous under the humid conditions typical of isoprene-emitting regions. Here we develop an aqueous-phase mechanism for isoprene SOA formation coupled to a detailed gas-phase isoprene oxidation scheme. The mechanism is based on aerosol reactive uptake coefficients (<i>γ</i>) for water-soluble isoprene oxidation products, including sensitivity to aerosol acidity and nucleophile concentrations. We apply this mechanism to simulation of aircraft (SEAC<sup>4</sup>RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations over the Southeast US in summer 2013 using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub> ≡ NO + NO<sub>2</sub>) over the Southeast US are such that the peroxy radicals produced from isoprene oxidation (ISOPO<sub>2</sub>) react significantly with both NO (high-NO<sub>x</sub> pathway) and HO<sub>2</sub> (low-NO<sub>x</sub> pathway), leading to different suites of isoprene SOA precursors. We find a mean SOA mass yield of 3.3 % from isoprene oxidation, consistent with the observed relationship of total fine organic aerosol (OA) and formaldehyde (a product of isoprene oxidation). Isoprene SOA production is mainly contributed by two immediate gas-phase precursors, isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX, 58% of isoprene SOA) from the low-NO<sub>x</sub> pathway and glyoxal (28%) from both low- and high-NO<sub>x</sub> pathways. This speciation is consistent with observations of IEPOX SOA from SOAS and SEAC<sup>4</sup>RS. Observations show a strong relationship between IEPOX SOA and sulfate aerosol that we explain as due to the effect of sulfate on aerosol acidity and volume. Isoprene SOA concentrations increase as NO<sub>x</sub> emissions decrease (favoring the low-NO<sub>x</sub> pathway for isoprene oxidation), but decrease more strongly as SO<sub>2</sub> emissions decrease (due to the effect of sulfate on aerosol acidity and volume). The US EPA projects 2013-2025 decreases in anthropogenic emissions of 34% for NO<sub>x</sub> (leading to 7% increase in isoprene SOA) and 48% for SO<sub>2</sub> (35% decrease in isoprene SOA). Reducing SO<sub>2</sub> emissions decreases sulfate and isoprene SOA by a similar magnitude, representing a factor of 2 co-benefit for PM<sub>2.5</sub> from SO<sub>2</sub> emission controls.
[LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF TRANSCATHETER SELF EXPANDABLE AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION]. (2018)

On long term (5 years) follow-up of patients who were implanted with the self-expandable aortic valve (CoreValve), no deterioration of the valve was observed. In fact, in approximately half of the patients, a decrease in the severity of the paravalvular leak was demonstrated.
Retroviral-Related Genes, Proto-Oncogenes, and Breast Cancer (2020)

This chapter explains a brief overview of the cellular genes that have been linked with breast cancer and of the molecular changes associated with their expression. The use of different strains of mouse mammary tumor virus has led to the identification of three cellular genes whose expression is frequently activated by viral integrations in mammary tumor DNA. In general, most of these sequences appear to be unassociated with viral structural genes. The long terminal repeat (LTR)-like element of the class of human pro-viral genomes is also found unassociated with viral structural genes and is highly reiterated in cellular DNA. The effect that these “solitary” LTR elements have on the expression of adjacent cellular genes and their potential roles in carcinogenesis represent a new avenue for exploration. Cytogenetic analysis of primary beast tumors using chromosome-banding techniques have revealed that most tumors have an abnormal karyotype identified by marker chromosomes, homogeneously staining regions, and extra-chromosomal double minutes.
Inside Cover: Tetracyclopenta[<i>def,jkl,pqr,vwx</i>]tetraphenylene: A Potential Tetraradicaloid Hydrocarbon (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 7/2015) (2015)

A potential tetraradicaloid hydrocarbon was synthesized by Y. Tobe and co-workers. As described in their Communication on page 2090 ff., the tetramesityl derivative of tetracyclopenta[def,jkl,pqr,vwx]tetraphenylene exhibited remarkable antiaromaticity and a small HOMO–LUMO gap. In solution and in the crystal, the compound exists in the close-shell D2h form rather than in the open-shell D4h form, in accordance with theoretical calculations.
The Nature of Metastable AA’ Graphite: Low Dimensional Nano- and Single-Crystalline Forms (2016)

Over the history of carbon, it is generally acknowledged that Bernal AB stacking of the sp<sup>2</sup> carbon layers is the unique crystalline form of graphite. The universal graphite structure is synthesized at 2,600~3,000 °C and exhibits a micro-polycrystalline feature. In this paper, we provide evidence for a metastable form of graphite with an AA' structure. The non-Bernal AA' allotrope of graphite is synthesized by the thermal- and plasma-treatment of graphene nanopowders at ~1,500 °C. The formation of AA' bilayer graphene nuclei facilitates the preferred texture growth and results in single-crystal AA' graphite in the form of nanoribbons (1D) or microplates (2D) of a few nm in thickness. Kinetically controlled AA' graphite exhibits unique nano- and single-crystalline feature and shows quasi-linear behavior near the K-point of the electronic band structure resulting in anomalous optical and acoustic phonon behavior.
Pharmacokinetics of Diclofenac and Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) Following Administration of Injectable HPβCD‐Diclofenac in Subjects With Mild to Moderate Renal Insufficiency or Mild Hepatic Impairment (2017)

Given their established analgesic properties, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent an important postoperative pain management option. This study investigated: (1) the effects of mild or moderate renal insufficiency and mild hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of diclofenac and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) following administration of the injectable NSAID HPβCD-diclofenac; and (2) the PK of HPβCD following administration of HPβCD-diclofenac and intravenous itraconazole formulated with HPβCD in healthy adults. Diclofenac clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V<sub>z</sub> ) tended to increase with decreasing renal function (moderate insufficiency versus mild insufficiency or healthy controls). Regression analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between V<sub>z</sub> (but not CL or elimination half-life, t<sub>½</sub> ) and renal function. HPβCD CL was significantly decreased in subjects with renal insufficiency, with a corresponding increase in t<sub>½</sub> . There were no significant differences in diclofenac or HPβCD PK in subjects with mild hepatic impairment versus healthy subjects. Exposure to HPβCD in healthy subjects following HPβCD-diclofenac administration was ∼12% of that with intravenous itraconazole, after adjusting for dosing schedule and predicted accumulation (<5% without adjustment). With respect to PK properties, these results suggest that HPβCD-diclofenac might be administered to patients with mild or moderate renal insufficiency or mild hepatic impairment without dose adjustment (NCT00805090).
Co-Culture of ES Cell-Derived Motor Neurons and Myotubes Show the Formation of Neuromuscular Junctions and Changes in Gene Expression (2006)

Irreversible muscle atrophy is a serious sequela of peripheral nerve injury, often resulting in disappointing results after microsurgical repair of a lesion. Previous work in the authors' laboratory has shown that embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived motor neurons (MNs) can prevent muscle atrophy by the formation of neuromuscular junctions that provide trophic support to the muscle following denervation in vivo. The main aim in the current study was to use an in vitro co-culture model of ES cell-derived MNs and myotubes to analyze changes in gene expression during the formation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs).
[A case of familial juvenile dystonia-parkinsonism: 18F-6-fluorodopa and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET study]. (1996)

A 27-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to Kyoto University Hospital because of gait disturbance since age 25. Her elder sister had been suffering from childhood-onset dystonia-parkinsonism with diurnal fluctuation which initially responded well to levodopa therapy, but later larger dose of levodopa was needed because of severe treatment-related fluctuation of the clinical symptoms. Physical examination revealed left foot dystonia, mild parkinsonism with kinesie paradoxale and dyskinesia of lower limbs. Symptoms were relieved by sleep and worsened by walking. Laboratory data including serum ceruloplasmin, serum and urinary amino acid analysis, and hexosaminidase and beta-glucosidase activity in leukocytes were all normal. Homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid was normal (68 ng/ml) at 8 pm but markedly decreased (7 ng/ml) at 4 pm. Cranial MRI was normal. 18F-6-fluorodopa PET demonstrated decreased dopa uptake in the bilateral striatum, especially in the putamen. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET showed decreased regional glucose metabolism in the bilateral putamen. Levodopa therapy rendered equivocal effects while trihexyphenydil was effective. This case indicated that some cases of dopa-unresponsive dystonia with parkinsonism might be a clinical variant of juvenile parkinsonism. 18F-6-fluorodopa PET is useful in evaluating juvenile dystonia-parkinsonism, though it may not predict levodopa effectiveness. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET study will be helpful in predicting the effect of levodopa therapy, because decreased regional glucose metabolism in the putamen probably indicates poor response to levodopa. Further study including dopaminergic receptor imaging study is needed to clarify the physiological mechanism of co-existing dystonia and parkinsonism in patients with juvenile parkinsonism and related disorders.
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies generated to the 287–302 amino acid loop of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (2019)

Immunization with a peptide corresponding to a cryptic epitope from EGFR can produce tumor cell-binding antibodies. The 40H3 antibody was engineered as a cytotoxic recombinant immunotoxin and could be further developed as a therapeutic agent.
Abdominal pain in neutropenic cancer patients (1986)

A review of 58 patients with malignancies (age range, 14-73 years), who required surgical consultation for acute abdominal pain in the setting of neutropenia (granulocyte count less than 1000/mm3) after chemotherapy was conducted. Ninety percent had fevers greater than 37.8 degrees C, 30% had diarrhea or melena, and 25% had diminished bowel sounds. Five of the 29 patients (17%) with localized pain had surgical intervention; 3 of 29 patients (10%) with generalized pain underwent operations (2 for x-ray findings). All eight of these surgically treated patients survived to leave the hospital. Eighteen of the 29 patients with generalized pain were believed to have a similar syndrome of diarrhea (occasionally heme positive) and diffuse abdominal tenderness (some with peritoneal signs and distension), which was termed "neutropenic enteropathy." Eleven of these 18 patients had their symptoms resolve with antibiotic therapy, aggressive fluid replacement, and a return of their granulocyte count to normal. The other seven died of pneumonia (two), unknown causes (one), and diffuse enterocolitis throughout the intestinal tract (four documented at autopsy). The overall 30-day mortality rate in this series was 34%. Several factors correlated significantly with mortality: hypotension at the onset of pain (80% mortality), bacteremia (63% mortality), and fungemia (100% mortality). Absolute leukocyte count and absolute platelet count did not correlate with mortality. This study reaffirms that patients with neutropenic enteropathy are best treated conservatively. Patients with surgically correctable disease were identified by specific focal findings on examination or x-ray.
Conventional and High-Yield Synthesis of DTPA-Conjugated Peptides:  Application of a Monoreactive DTPA to DTPA-<scp>d</scp>-Phe<sup>1</sup>-octreotide Synthesis (1997)

Successful imaging of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors with 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide has stimulated development of peptide radiopharmaceuticals using DTPA as the chelating agent. However, use of cyclic DTPA dianhydride (cDTPA) resulted in low synthetic yields of DTPA-peptide by either solution or solid-phase syntheses. This paper reports a novel high-yield synthetic procedure for DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide that is applicable to other peptides of interest using a monoreactive DTPA derivative. A monoreactive DTPA that possesses one free terminal carboxylic acid along with four carboxylates protected with tert-butyl ester (mDTPA) was synthesized. Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-ol, prepared from Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, was loaded onto 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin. After construction of the peptide chains by Fmoc chemistry, mDTPA was coupled to the alpha amine group of the peptide on the resin in the presence of 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Treatment of the mDTPA-peptide-resin with trifluoroacetic acid-thioanisole removed the protecting groups and liberated [Cys(Acm)2,7]-octreotide-D-Phe1-DTPA from the resin. Iodine oxidation of the DTPA-peptide, followed by the reversed-phase HPLC purification, produced DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide in overall 31.8% yield based on the starting Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-ol-resin. The final product gave a single peak on analytical HPLC, and amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed the integrity of the product. 111In radiolabeling of the product provided 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide with > 95% radiochemical yield, as confirmed by analytical reversed-phase HPLC, TLC, and CAE. These finding indicated that use of mDTPA during solid-phase peptide synthesis greatly increased the synthetic yield of DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide, due to the absence of nonselective reactions that are unavoidable when cDTPA is used. These results also suggested that mDTPA would be a versatile reagent to introduce DTPA with high yield into peptides of interest.
Orthogonal designs and third generation wireless communication (2001)

This paper connects the practice of wireless communication with the mathematics of quadratic forms developed by Radon and Hurwitz about a hundred years ago. Orthogonal designs, known as space-time block codes in the communications literature, provide the bridge between the two subjects. The columns of the design represent different time slots, the rows represent different transmit antennas, and the entries are the symbols to be transmitted. Multiple transmit antennas provide independent paths from the base station to the mobile terminal, and in effect this creates a single channel that is more reliable than any constituent path. The mathematics developed by Hurwitz and Radon is used to derive fundamental limits on transmission rates. The algebraic structure of the 2 × 2 space-time block code (a representation of Hamilton's biquaternions) is used to suppress interference from a second space-time user, when a second antenna is available at the mobile terminal.