gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz band for next-generation mobile communications systems (2016)

Within a decade a 1000-fold increase in wireless communication traffic volume is expected, requiring increased throughput and data rates. Although the Terahertz (THz) band offers new possibilities it remains largely unexplored. Spectrum frequencies over 300 GHz are as yet unallocated but could fulfill the demand for wireless data transmission, e.g. in terms of available bandwidth. The fabrication of new cutting edge technology and the development of novel THz mobile communication systems are key to explore the spectrum at these frequencies and in order to achieve connectivity requirements of future mobile systems beyond 5G. This paper will report on novel coherent radio over fiber (CRoF) technologies for Terahertz transmission systems. World record experimental results for Terahertz transmission will be reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Analogue of the Bergman Cycloaromatization Reaction. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inside Cover: Stable Encapsulation of Acrylate Esters in Networked Molecular Capsules (Chem. Asian J. 2/2014) (2014)

Nanocapsules Host–guest chemistry in the crystalline state enabled the stable encapsulation of reactive acrylate esters into crystals of networked molecular capsules, as demonstrated by Guo-Hong Ning, Yasuhide Inokuma, and Makoto Fujita in their Communication on page 466 ff. (see the Inside Cover). Since encapsulated acrylates can be extracted on demand, the networked molecular capsules can act as solid storage for industrially useful compounds. The authors report that crystals of networked molecular capsules accommodate several acrylate esters in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal fashion. The encapsulated acrylates do not undergo photo-induced polymerization upon UV irradiation due to the encapsulation effect, while they can be released by treating the inclusion crystals with toluene.
Robust Ultramicroporous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Benchmark Affinity for Acetylene (2018)

Abstract Highly selective separation and/or purification of acetylene from various gas mixtures is a relevant and difficult challenge that currently requires costly and energy‐intensive chemisorption processes. Two ultramicroporous metal–organic framework physisorbents, NKMOF‐1‐M (M=Cu or Ni), offer high hydrolytic stability and benchmark selectivity towards acetylene versus several gases at ambient temperature. The performance of NKMOF‐1‐M is attributed to their exceptional acetylene binding affinity as revealed by modelling and several experimental studies: in situ single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, and gas mixture breakthrough tests. NKMOF‐1‐M exhibit better low‐pressure uptake than existing physisorbents and possesses the highest selectivities yet reported for C 2 H 2 /CO 2 and C 2 H 2 /CH 4 . The performance of NKMOF‐1‐M is not driven by the same mechanism as current benchmark physisorbents that rely on pore walls lined by inorganic anions.
Advanced: SCADA Tools: Solve Operational Mysteries (2009)

This article discusses how the DeKalb County (Georgia) Department of Watershed Management used a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system to control an entire distribution system, identify single malfunctions, and provide trending data to analyze operational anomalies. The utility was building a new treatment plant and had to integrate the old facility's signals with the new SCADA system, and ultimately the SCADA system made the transition easier. The article includes an insert, “Putting the System Together”, that describes the extensive planning and development that went into the design of treatment processes and controls for the new plant.
Thallium-201 for medical use. Part 3: Human distribution and physical imaging properties. (1977)

Studies were undertaken to determine the biologic distribution of thallium-201 in man. The disappearance from the blood is extremely rapid and intracellular deposition is nearly immediate. The biologic half-time of thallium was measured by both the Brookhaven whole-body counter and the Donner whole-body scanner, with excellent agreement. The effective whole-body half-time of thallium-201 is about 57 hr. Concentration of activity was seen in the heart, kidneys, large bowel, and thyroid. The whole-body radiation dose is 0.21 rads/mCi.
Intramedullary Histoplasmosis Spinal Cord Abscess in a Nonendemic Region: Case Report and Review of the Literature (2003)

An immunocompetent patient from a nonendemic region developed a rare intramedullary thoracic histoplasmoma. A native Arizonan, with no history of travel to endemic regions, received 3 months of itraconazole for confirmed gastrointestinal histoplasmosis at an outside institution. Two years later she experienced the rapid onset of paraplegia and lost bowel and bladder function. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a ring-enhancing intramedullary lesion at T2 and signal abnormality from C2 to T5. Emergent T2-T3 laminectomy was performed with ultrasonographically guided intradural exploration and midline myelotomy. The intramedullary abscess was drained. She was nonambulatory, but motor function was partially restored. An Ommaya reservoir was later placed to deliver amphotericin and a new antifungal agent, voriconazole. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed that the infection had resolved. Intramedullary spinal histoplasmoma is a rare manifestation of disseminated histoplasmosis, particularly in nonendemic regions. Surgery for focal mass lesions and aggressive antifungal chemotherapy are the optimal treatment. Newer central nervous system-penetrating antibiotics show promise in refractory cases.
A simple experiment for understanding resonant air columns. (2009)

One goal of Project Listen Up is to enhance children’s understanding of acoustics through engagement in basic acoustics experiments. This work proposes an experiment that examines the resonant frequencies of an air column. Equipment for this experiment consists of a small tunable oscillator circuit connected to a loudspeaker, which can also be used for other experiments in the kit. The experimenter will provide a cardboard tube, rubber band, plastic wrap, and sand. Resonance is demonstrated by placing the loudspeaker at the base of the tube, covering the top of the tube with a plastic wrap membrane, and placing sand grains on top of the membrane. As frequency is adjusted, the sand grains are excited at the resonance frequencies of the tube. Frequencies at which sand motion is observed can be compared to a simple algebraic model, which relates the length of the tube to the resonance frequencies of the system. An optional advanced experimental track investigates the effect of varying the length of the tube. This experiment develops intuition for the relationship between frequency and wavelength and builds understanding of resonant systems.
Effect of selegiline on mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease (1998)

These results contrast with those of the PDRG-UK study and demonstrate no increase in mortality associated with selegiline treatment whether or not patients also received levodopa.
Molecular Characterization and Mortality From Breast Cancer in Men (2018)

Purpose Limited data exist on the molecular biology, treatment, and outcomes of breast cancer in men, and much of our understanding in this area remains largely an extrapolation from data in women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods We studied men and women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and the 21-gene Breast Recurrence Score (RS) results. Differences in clinical characteristics and gene expression were determined, and distribution of RS results was correlated with 5-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival. Results There were 3,806 men and 571,115 women. Men were older than women (mean age, 64.2 v 59.1 years; P < .001). RS < 18 predominated in both genders, but RS ≥ 31 was more frequent in men (12.4% v 7.4%; P < .001), as were very low scores (RS < 11; 33.8% v 22.1%; P < .001). Mean gene expression was higher in men for the estrogen receptor (ER), proliferation, and invasion groups. ER was lowest and progesterone receptor was highest in women younger than 50 years of age, with a progressive increase in ER with age. Men younger than 50 years of age had slightly lower ER and progesterone receptor compared with older men. Survival data were available from SEER for 322 men and 55,842 women. Five-year BCSS was 99.0% (95% CI, 99.3% to 99.9%) and 95.9% (95% CI, 87.6% to 98.7%) for men with RS < 18 and RS 18-30, respectively, and for women, it was 99.5% (95% CI, 99.4% to 99.6%) and 98.6% (95% CI, 98.4% to 98.8%), respectively. RS ≥ 31 was associated with an 81.0% 5-year BCSS in men (95% CI, 53.3% to 93.2%) and 94.9% 5-year BCSS (95% CI, 93.9% to 95.7%) in women. Five-year BCSS and overall survival were lower in men than in women. Conclusion This study reveals some distinctive biologic features of breast cancer in men and an important prognostic role for RS testing in both men and women.
2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases (2014)

The ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their dating.
Virtual Shear-Wave Source Delivers a Reliable S-Wave Velocity Model for VSP Imaging (2019)

Summary Land walkaway VSP data acquired with vibroseis data contains abundant amounts of converted waves. Their imaging requires an accurate shear-wave velocity model that is often not available. Here, we apply seismic interferometry to create a virtual shear-wave checkshot with first arrivals representing the direct downgoing shear wave along the borehole. Testing on a field data example demonstrates the ability of the redatuming approach to reconstruct accurate virtual gathers and deliver reliable shear-wave velocity from first-break time picks. Using the retrieved shear-wave velocity profile, the mode-converted VSP field data were migrated to obtain a reliable subsurface image consistent with the image obtained from PP data.
An Enantioselective Synthesis of Differentially Protected <i>erythro</i>-α,β-Diamino Acids and Its Application to the Synthesis of an Analogue of Rhodopeptin B5 (2002)

Methodology for the enantioselective synthesis of differentially protected erythro-alpha,beta-diamino acids from N-tosyloxy beta-lactams is reported. The requisite N-tosyloxy beta-lactams are readily available from simple beta-keto esters. The reported approach is flexible and compatible with a variety of functional groups. The synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated through its application to the preparation of an analogue of the antifungal cyclic peptide rhodopeptin B5.
Supra and infralevator neurovascular pathways to the penile corpora cavernosa (1999)

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of both penile innervation and vascularisation. Eighty-five male cadavers were examined through gross and microscopic anatomical analysis. The pelvic nerve plexus had both parasympathetic and sympathetic roots. It was distributed to the external urethral sphincter giving rise to cavernous nerves which anastomosed in 70% of the cases with the pudendal nerve in the penile root. Accessory pudendal arteries were present in the pelvis in 70% of the cases, anastomosing in 70% of the cases with the cavernous arteries that originated from the pudendal arteries. Transalbugineal anastomoses were always seen between the cavernous artery and the spongiosal arterial network. There were 2 venous pathways, 1 in the pelvis and 1 in the perineum with a common origin from the deep dorsal penile vein. It is concluded that there are 2 neurovascular pathways destined for the penis that are topographically distinct. One is located in the pelvis and the other in the perineum. We were unable to determine the functional balance between these 2 anastomosing pathways but experimental data have shown that they are both involved in penile erection. These 2 neurovascular pathways, above and below the levator ani, together with their anastomoses, form a neurovascular loop around the levator ani.
Abstract A116: Radio- and chemosensitization through inhibition of DNA-PK by KU-0060648 (2009)

Abstract DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are profoundly cytotoxic unless rapidly repaired. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant pathway of DSB repair in mammalian cells. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a member of the PI3-kinase like kinase (PIKK) family, is an essential component of NHEJ, and DNA-PK inhibition in combination with radio- or chemotherapy therefore represents an attractive therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. Through medicinal chemistry, a series of DNA-PK inhibitors of increasing potency was identified, resulting in KU-0060648, a potent DNA-PK inhibitor with an IC50 value of 10nM against the enzyme and high selectivity for DNA-PK over other PIKKs and a panel of 60 kinases. In cellular assays, KU-0060648 significantly increases cell death induced by ionising radiation (IR) or chemotherapeutic treatments, such as doxorubicin or etoposide. KU-0060648 does not sensitise DNA-PK-deficient cells to IR or chemotherapeutic treatments, further highlighting its selective nature. The compound was also found to preferentially kill DNA repair-defective cells in combination with IR or chemotherapy, indicating a therapeutic advantage for this class of agent in DNA repair-compromised tumor cells. Auto-phosphorylation of DNA-PK at serine 2056 is inhibited by KU-0060648, and significant changes in IR- or chemotherapy-induced H2AX- and KAP-1 phosphorylation in the presence KU-0060648 over time clearly indicates inhibition of DNA damage repair by this compound. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling of KU-0060648 revealed that the compound has very good oral bioavailability and a favourable half life. In a fractionated IR xenograft model, dosing with KU-0060648 caused significant tumor growth delay compared to the control group. PK/PD relationships were established to define the exposures and level of DNA-PK inhibition required for effective radiosensitisation. Our results to date support further in vitro and in vivo evaluation of this novel class of therapeutic agents as a potential clinical radio- and chemosensitiser. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A116.
Experimental Investigation of 3-D Blood Flow Velocity Measurement (1996)

Ultrasonic pulse Doppler tomography is generally applied to noninvasive vascular measurement. The present method, however, measures only one component along the beam direction of a three-dimensional (3-D) velocity vector and provides useful information only if the beam direction in relation to the flow velocity vector is known. Images obtained by such systems are not only unsuitable for quantitative evaluation and but also prone to misinterpretation. On the other hand, in terms of real-time data acquisition achieved by scanning 3-D space, a two-dimensional (2-D) array probe is expected to become indispensable for future clinical applications. From this point of view, we have proposed a method of measuring a 3-D velocity vector using the 2-D array probe. In this paper, the principles of the proposed approach are introduced and experimental data obtained using a prototype system and the flow phantom are processed. Experimental results validate the usefulness of the method and its potential for practical use.
Stabilizer reactions in cast double base rocket propellants. Part VII: Effect of lead‐based ballistic modifiers on the reactions of propellant stabilizers during simulated aging of cast double base solid propellants (1996)

Abstract The effect of lead‐based ballistic modifiers on the reactions of stabilizers during accelerated aging at 80°C and 90°C of cast double base propellants has been investigated in order to obtain information on the reactions taking place in these propellant systems. It was found that the ballistic modifiers lead β‐resorcylate (LBR) and lead salicylate (LS) have a significant effect on the depletion of para ‐nitro‐N‐methylaniline ( p NMA) and 2‐nitrodiphenylamine (2NDPA). Model studies have shown that both LBR and LS reduce the rate of depletion of p NMA to a similar degree, but only LBR reduces the rate of depletion of 2NDPA, with LS having the opposite effect.
Effect of Prior Experimental Human Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Infection on Illness following Homologous and Heterologous Rechallenge (1998)

Two studies of adult volunteers were performed to determine whether prior enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection confers protective immunity against rechallenge. In the first study, a naive control group and volunteers who had previously ingested an O55:H6 strain were fed an O127:H6 strain. In the second study, a control group and volunteers who had previously ingested either the O127:H6 strain or an isogenic eae deletion mutant of that strain were challenged with the homologous wild-type strain. There was no significant effect of prior infection on the incidence of diarrhea in either study. However, in the homologous-rechallenge study, disease was significantly milder in the group previously challenged with the wild-type strain. Disease severity was inversely correlated with the level of prechallenge serum immunoglobulin G against the O127 lipopolysaccharide. These studies indicate that prior EPEC infection can reduce disease severity upon homologous challenge. Further studies may require the development of new model systems.
Low Back Pain After Lumbar Discectomy in Patients Showing Endplate Modic Type 1 Change (2010)

Discectomy improved low back pain in patients suffering from lumbar disc herniation. Patients with or without Modic type 1 change showed a similar improvement of low back pain score. Low back pain in patients with disc herniation appears to mainly originate from disc or nerve root compression, and decompression surgery without fusion is an option for these patients, even those with Modic type 1 changes.
Multipolar engineering of molecules and materials for quadratic nonlinear optics (2002)

The first generation of molecular engineering studies whereby a one-dimensional bipolar donor–acceptor conjugated system had served, since the early 1970s, as a quasi-exclusive template, had failed to take into account the tensorial dimension attached to the β quadratic hyperpolarizability tensor. We review here the outgoing second generation of molecular design studies based on three-dimensional multipolar charge transfer which reflects on enhanced values for all β ijk coefficients, then opening-up the possibility of polarization-independent nonlinear interactions. This can be ensured by more isotropic crystalline lattices or statistical polymer-based orientational distribution out of reach for the cruder one-dimensional systems. A particular challenge which has in fact triggered this domain in the early 1990s to this day has been set by octupolar systems whereby the symmetry-imposed cancellation of the dipole moment precludes the utilization of an electric field coupling scheme to orient molecules into a noncentrosymmetric order. We will review this new domain, encompassing both physical and chemical considerations, all the way from new molecular engineering techniques, with associated quantum modeling, to advanced characterization methods and macroscopic ordering schemes jointly aiming at promoting and exploiting the so far largely ignored tensorial dimension of nonlinear light–matter coupling schemes in molecules.
Collagenous Colitis (2007)

Collagenous colitis (CC) is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by watery diarrhoea without blood, normal endoscopic findings but microscopically colonic mucosal ...
Photochemical Reaction Cycle and Proton Transfers inNeurospora Rhodopsin (2001)

It was recently found that NOP-1, a membrane protein of Neurospora crassa, shows homology to haloarchaeal rhodopsins and binds retinal after heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. We report on spectroscopic properties of the Neurospora rhodopsin (NR). The photocycle was studied with flash photolysis and time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the pH range 5-8. Proton release and uptake during the photocycle were monitored with the pH-sensitive dye, pyranine. Kinetic and spectral analysis revealed six distinct states in the NR photocycle, and we describe their spectral properties and pH-dependent kinetics in the visible and infrared ranges. The phenotypes of the mutant NR proteins, D131E and E142Q, in which the homologues of the key carboxylic acids of the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin, Asp-85 and Asp-96, were replaced, show that Glu-142 is not involved in reprotonation of the Schiff base but Asp-131 may be. This implies that, if the NR photocycle is associated with proton transport, it has a low efficiency, similar to that of haloarchaeal sensory rhodopsin II. Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy revealed unexpected differences between NR and bacteriorhodopsin in the configuration of the retinal chromophore, which may contribute to the less effective reprotonation switch of NR.
ApNet: Approximation-Aware Real-Time Neural Network (2018)

Modern embedded cyber-physical systems are becoming entangled with the realm of deep neural networks (DNNs) towards increased autonomy. While applying DNNs can significantly improve the accuracy in making autonomous control decisions, a significant challenge is that DNNs are designed and developed on advanced hardware (e.g., GPU clusters), and will not easily meet strict timing requirements if deployed in a resource-constrained embedded computing environment. One interesting characteristic of DNNs is approximation, which can be used to satisfy real-time requirements by reducing DNNs' execution costs with reasonably sacrificed accuracy. In this paper, we propose ApNet, a timing-predictable runtime system that is able to guarantee deadlines of DNN workloads via efficient approximation. Rather than straightforwardly approximating DNNs, ApNet develops a DNN layer-aware approximation approach that smartly explores the trade-off between the approximation degree and the resulting execution reduction on a per-layer basis. To further reduce approximation-induced accuracy loss at runtime, ApNet explores a rather interesting observation that resource sharing and approximation can mutually supplement one another, particularly in a multi-tasking environment. We have implemented and extensively evaluated ApNet on a mix of 8 different DNN configurations on an NVIDIA Jetson TX2. Experimental results show that ApNet can guarantee timing predictability (i.e., meeting all deadlines), while incurring a reasonable accuracy loss. Moreover, accuracy can be improved by up to 8% via a resource sharing increase of 3.5x on average for overlapping DNN layers.