gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz photoconductivity and photocarrier dynamics in few-layer hBN/WS<sub>2</sub> van der Waals heterostructure laminates (2018)

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is a rapidly emerging field that promises to produce ondemand properties for novel optoelectronic devices. Assembly of dissimilar two-dimensional atomic crystals in the vdW heterostructure enables unique features and properties which are fundamentally different from individual 2-dimensional (2D) crystals. Currently, most growth and fabrication methods prohibit large scale, micron-thick and robust heterostructures. An alternative approach is the one based on liquid phase exfoliation allowing the possibility of scalable thin films and composites. Such thin films have inherent and predicted advantages: they can display new behaviors due to their extremely high surface area and, as free-standing laminates, can be manipulated with mixing of nanosheets and other materials for novel device attributes. We use the aforementioned route to prepare spray-coated and few microns thick WS2 and hBN/WS2 heterostructure laminates. A combination of photoluminescence and transmission electron microscope measurements show that, despite the disordered layer stacking inherent to the fabrication process, the laminates preserve the few layer optical response. In particular, the hBN/WS2 heterostructure laminates exhibit a 3-layer average distribution. Using optical pumpterahertz probe (OPTP) measurement to access the photocarrier dynamics and photoconductivity, we study and compare the photocarrier dynamics and photoconductivity of pure WS2 and hBN/WS2 samples. The hBN/WS2 samples show an unusual response that is different from what has been previously reported for pure transition metal dichalcogenides. After photoexcitation, instead of a monotonic decay as in pure WS2, an initial fast decay is followed by a rise of the negative differential terahertz (THz) transmission dominating the dynamics for the following 50 ps. By analyzing the time resolved THz complex photoconductivity, we attribute this effect to the presence of free carriers as well as dipoles at the hBN/WS2 interfaces. As previously reported in hBN/Graphene heterostructures, interfacial dipoles can form along with free carriers at the instant of photoexcitation. Whereas free carriers cause a decrease in the transient THz transmission due to Coulomb screening, dipoles can provide an increase in the pump-induced change in transmission. In terms of complex photoconductivity, free carriers have both real and imaginary components while dipoles probed off-resonance provide almost a purely imaginary response. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the photoconductive response of large van der Waals heterostructure laminates fabricated by liquid phase exfoliation, and will enable their use in future optoelectronic applications.
Binding of inhibitor alters kinetic and physical properties of extracellular cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase from Dictyostelium discoideum. (1979)

The extracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) produced by Dictyostelium discoideum has two kinetic forms. The free enzyme has a Km of approximately 10 microM. The second form is the result of a complex formed with a heat-stable inhibitor and has a Km in the millimolar range. Treating the enzyme-inhibitor complex with dithiothreitol stimulated enzyme activity 20- to 100-fold and changed in Km from millimolar to micromolar. Dithiothreitol inactivated the inhibitor. Reconstituting purified enzyme with excess inhibitor returned the Km to the millimolar range. Under conditions known to inhibit the production of extracellular inhibitor or in mutants that lack it, extracellular phosphodiesterase activity was already high and could not be increased by dithiothreitol. The phosphodiesterase and inhibitor sedimented at 6 S and 3 S, respectively; the enzyme-inhibitor complex sedimented at 6.7 S.
Monoclonal antibody to the human glucose transporter that differentiates between the glucose and nucleoside transporters (1988)

A monoclonal antibody to the glucose transporter has been prepared with band 4.5 (Mr 45,000-65,000) from human erythrocyte ghosts as antigen. This antibody, designated 7F7.5, is of the IgG2b type. The antibody bound exclusively to proteins in the band 4.5 region of immunoblots of human erythrocyte ghosts separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Immobilized 7F7.5 antibody removed glucose transport activity from solubilized alkaline-treated ghosts. The material that was eluted from the immobilized antibody matrix migrated primarily in the band 4.5 region of electrophoretic gels and bound the antibody in immunoblots. To test the specificity of the antibody, glucose and nucleoside transporters in alkaline-treated human erythrocyte ghosts were affinity labeled with [3H]cytochalasin B and [3H]-S-(nitrobenzyl)thioinosine (NBMPR), respectively. Both of these transporters are band 4.5 proteins and "copurify" by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. A filter paper assay was developed to assess the presence of the labeled transporters. Immobilized 7F7.5 antibody bound 99% of the labeled glucose transporter. In contrast, only 3% of the specifically labeled nucleoside transporter bound to the immobilized antibody. Furthermore, the antibody did not remove nucleoside transport or NBMPR binding activities from detergent solution. The antibody recognized two tryptic fragments, Mr 23,000 and 18,000, which contain the cytochalasin B binding site of the glucose transporter. By immunoblot, the monoclonal antibody recognized the glucose transporter in cultured human IM9 lymphocytes, synovial cells, and HBL 100 mammary cells but not cells of murine or rat origin. These results indicate that the glucose and nucleoside transporters are distinct proteins which can be distinguished by monoclonal antibody 7F7.5. The method developed to quantitate covalently labeled glucose and nucleoside transporters should have broad applicability as a rapid and easy method for determining the recovery of affinity-labeled membrane proteins in detergent solution during purification. Because of the location of the epitope, the antibody itself should prove to be a valuable tool in establishing the molecular basis for the function and regulation of the glucose transporter.
Exploring Concerns and Preferences towards Using Autonomous Vehicles as a Public Transportation Option: Perspectives from a Public Focus Group Study (2021)

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are new technologies with the potential of becoming a viable mobility option that mitigates key transportation barriers. This study aims to understand the concerns and preferences of a proposed AV service in Arlington, Texas, through focus group discussions with both university and public participants. Results indicate focus groups were both concerned about the spatial accessibility, capacity, trip cost, and disability friendliness of the AV service. University participants believed that the AV service would be safer than other services because of its speed; however, they were less tolerant of accidents caused by self-driving vehicles than human errors. Accessibility to recreational facilities at late hours was important for both groups. Participants expected the AV service could improve the mobility of seniors in Arlington. Besides, technology improvements were considered as a factor that increases the reliability of AV service. This study provides new insights into implementing efficient AV services.
Removal of Arterial Vessel Contributions in Susceptibility-Weighted Images for Quantification of Normalized Visible Venous Volume in Children with Sickle Cell Disease (2017)

Hypointense arterial vessel contamination occurred in the majority of SWI exams and led to a sizeable overestimation of the visible venous volume. A prospective longitudinal study is needed to evaluate if quantitation of NVVV was improved and to assess the role of NVVV as a biomarker of SCD severity or stroke risk.
Distant Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets (2003)

Distant metastasis is responsible for the death of nearly 45,000 women per year in the US alone. At present, we have no clear understanding about the genetic events that govern the ability of breast cancer cells to settle at and colonize in specific sites in the body. This information is critical for developing therapeutic strategies that would target the tumor cells and their supporting environment at distant sites. This review will discuss investigations on 1) the steps of the metastatic pathway, 2) innovative technologies such as radiologic imaging and molecular manipulations of cells that would help us to study metastasis in real time, 3) strengths and weaknesses of current models for studying metastasis, and 4) how best to design large comprehensive gene searches during metastatic progression of breast cancer. These advances will enable the development of therapies targeted towards blocking the outgrowth of metastatic cells.
Functional and anatomical deficits in visceral nociception with age: a mechanism of silent appendicitis in the elderly? (2019)

The ability to sense visceral pain during appendicitis is diminished with age leading to delay in seeking health care and poorer clinical outcomes. To understand the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon, we examined visceral nociception in aged mouse and human tissue. Inflamed and noninflamed appendixes were collected from consenting patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of appendicitis or bowel cancer. Supernatants were generated by incubating samples in buffer and used to stimulate multiunit activity in intestinal preparations, or single-unit activity from teased fibres in colonic preparations, of young and old mice. Changes in afferent innervation with age were determined by measuring the density of calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive afferent fibres and by counting dorsal root ganglia back-labelled by injection of tracer dye into the wall of the colon. Finally, the effect of age on nociceptor function was studied in mouse and human colon. Afferent responses to appendicitis supernatants were greatly impaired in old mice. Further investigation revealed this was due to a marked reduction in the afferent innervation of the bowel and a substantial impairment in the ability of the remaining afferent fibres to transduce noxious stimuli. Translational studies in human tissue demonstrated a significant reduction in the multiunit but not the single-unit colonic mesenteric nerve response to capsaicin with age, indicative of a loss of nociceptor innervation. Our data demonstrate that anatomical and functional deficits in nociception occur with age, underpinning the atypical or silent presentation of appendicitis in the elderly.
PS-04-006 Osteopontin is a Novel Player in Endogenous Neuroregeneration After BCNI (2016)

Erectile dysfunction remains a frequent sequela of radical prostatectomy (RP) due to neuropraxia of the cavernous nerves(CNs). Osteopontin is secreted by Schwann cells and shown to promote neuroregeneration following peripheral nerve injury. An explorative micro-array study identified osteopontin as the single most upregulated gene in the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) 48hrs after bilateral CN injury (BCNI). To find a new curative therapy for post-RP ED, we examined gene and protein expression of osteopontin in the MPG after BCNI. Rats underwent either bilateral crush injury of the CNs (BCNI) or sham surgery (n = 5/group). MPGs were harvested at 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 7d, and 14d after BCNI and 48h after sham surgery to evaluate gene expression of osteopontin by qPCR. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n = 3) directed against neurofilament and osteopontin was performed in MPG’s obtained from sham and BCNI rats at 48hrs after surgery. Osteopontin mRNA expression was 10-fold increased 12h and 48hrs after BCNI (p < 0,05) compared to sham animals, which did not persist at later times points (7d,14d). IHC demonstrated that osteopontin was present in the neuronal cell bodies in the MPG and more extensively in the surrounding glial tissue. Staining against osteopontin was more pronounced in BCNI rats, whereas no intraneuronal staining was seen in sham-operated rats.
Structural Characterisation and Performance Assessment (2018)

Modern adaptive facades can significantly improve energy and thus cost, efficiency of both new and refurbished buildings by responding to&#13;\nthe changes in the outdoor conditions. Furthermore, they can provide healthy and comfortable indoor environment to the building occupants, by&#13;\nadjusting the response to their needs.&#13;\nAs the main function of facades is to separate the indoor from the outdoor environment, their performance has a major impact to the building’s energy usage is extremely important for reaching the European Commission’s ambitious climate and energy targets by 2020, as well as to follow the 2050 energy roadmap goals.&#13;\nHowever, another important function of facades is to transfer various design loads (to the building skeleton) and to accommodate movements due to the same actions,&#13;\nbeing characterized by different features as in the case of self-weight, wind, earthquake loads, as well as thermal actions, extreme mechanical loads, etc.&#13;\nDepending on the type and level of adaptivity of a given facade, such a structural demand could lead to challenges during the overall design process.&#13;\nOn the other hand, structural adaptivity can lead to a more efficient static and dynamic response under varying loading conditions, i.e. increase resistance in case of&#13;\nextreme events and/or provide fail-safe collapse mechanisms, thereby enhancing structural robustness.&#13;\nThis document collects some major outcomes and feedback from the “Structural” Task Group within the WG2 - COST Action TU1403.
C–HLO Hydrogen bonded multi-point recognition in molecular assemblies of dibenzylidene ketones and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzenes (1997)

Dibenzylideneacetone1a, 2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone 1b, 2,6-dibenzylidenecyclohexanone 1c and 2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopent-3-enone 1d form crystalline stoichiometric complexes with 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene 2a, picryl chloride 2b and picric acid 2c. The structures of these complexes are mediated by multi-point C–HO hydrogen bonds. Some of these patterns of molecular recognition also contain stronger O–HO hydrogen bonds. The C–HO hydrogen bonds within these multi-point supramolecular synthons are generally shorter and more linear than the other C–HO hydrogen bonds found in these complexes.
<i>In situ</i> Raman scattering studies of high‐pressure stability and transformations in the matrix of a nanostructured glass–ceramic composite (2005)

Abstract High‐pressure Raman scattering studies have been performed on a glass‐based composite consisting of nanometer‐sized gallium oxide aggregates embedded in a potassium‐silicate host glass using the diamond anvil cell technique. The Raman spectra of this heterophase nanocomposite showed a range of pressure‐induced structural transformations occurring in the glass matrix. Compression from ambient pressure up to 10.8 GPa indicated a progressive reduction in the width of the intertetrahedral SiOSi angle distribution, which was completely reversible on decompression to ambient pressure. At higher pressures, the Raman spectra demonstrated a breakdown of the intermediate‐range order in the glass matrix of the nanocomposite. The enhancement of scattering intensity in the region of the D‐defect band at 565 cm −1 together with the blue shift of the main SiOSi symmetric stretching wavenumber are evidence of a permanent reduction in SiO 4 ring statistics toward smaller‐than‐six‐ring configurations in the three‐dimensional glass network. Starting from 13 GPa, the Raman spectra displayed a remarkable decrease in the scattering intensity of the SiOSi symmetric stretching that has been related to a coordination change of the silicon atom. The Raman spectrum of the composite quenched from 23 GPa to ambient conditions illustrated the pressure‐driven, permanent reconstructive modification of the glass matrix in the nanocomposite. The pressure‐induced evolution of the Raman peaks assigned to the gallium oxide phase indicated a progressive densification of the nanocrystalline phase, reversible on decompression to ambient pressure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 and Vitronectin Protect Against Stenosis in a Murine Carotid Artery Ligation Model (2002)

Objective— We previously reported that plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), in the presence of vitronectin (VN), inhibits thrombin activity in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated in human atherosclerotic plaques the colocalization of thrombin, PAI-1, and VN, as well as activity of thrombin and PAI-1. Here, we show that PAI-1 is a local thrombin inhibitor in vivo. Methods and Results— We used the murine carotid artery ligation model to assess the role of PAI-1 and VN in stenosis by using PAI-1–deficient (PAI-1 −/− ) and VN −/− mice. Ligation resulted in a smooth muscle cell (SMC)-rich intima without infiltrating cells. We show that PAI-1 −/− and VN −/− mice generate a larger intima than wild-type mice as the result of more extensive SMC proliferation, as evidenced by cell counting and staining for proliferating cell-nuclear antigen. Conclusions— In PAI-1 −/− mice, excessive intima formation is prevented by the thrombin-specific inhibitor hirudin. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed PAI-1, VN, and (pro)thrombin antigen in intimal lesions. Our observations are compatible with inhibition of thrombin-mediated SMC proliferation by PAI-1/VN complexes.
Structure–Activity Relationship Studies, SPR Affinity Characterization, and Conformational Analysis of Peptides That Mimic the HNK‐1 Carbohydrate Epitope (2017)

The design of molecules that mimic biologically relevant glycans is a significant goal for understanding important biological processes and may lead to new therapeutic and diagnostic agents. In this study we focused our attention on the trisaccharide human natural killer cell-1 (HNK-1), considered the antigenic determinant of myelin-associated glycoprotein and the target of clinically relevant auto-antibodies in autoimmune neurological disorders such as IgM monoclonal gammopathy and demyelinating polyneuropathy. We describe a structure-activity relationship study based on surface plasmon resonance binding affinities aimed at the optimization of a peptide that mimics the HNK-1 minimal epitope. We developed a cyclic heptapeptide that shows an affinity of 1.09×10<sup>-7</sup> m for a commercial anti-HNK1 mouse monoclonal antibody. Detailed conformational analysis gave possible explanations for the good affinity displayed by this novel analogue, which was subsequently used as an immunological probe. However, preliminary screening indicates that patients' sera do not specifically recognize this peptide, showing that murine monoclonal antibodies cannot be used as a guide to select immunological probes for the detection of clinically relevant human auto-antibodies.
Explanation versus prediction : Statistical differences in detecting fraudulent events do not necessarily have predictive power (2019)

A large body of research in the cognitive sciences relies on examining statistical differences. While the approach of examining differences can aid in explaining behavior, it does not necessarily mean that these differences have predictive power. Yet, understanding behavior both involves explaining and predicting behavior. As a point in case, the current study used a naturalistic email dataset to examine statistical differences and predictive power in fraudulent activities. Differences between 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> person pronoun use in liars and people telling the truth are widely reported in the literature. The current study aimed to test for the effect of fraudulent events on pronoun use in emails using the Enron corpus and additionally applied a machine learning approach to estimate whether pronoun use predicts fraud. While the ratio between 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> person pronoun use was related to fraud, this construct did not have predictive power. The current study highlights an important conclusion for the cognitive sciences: The importance of not only testing for differences, but of also applying predictive models. In this way it can be determined whether effects of a construct on an outcome can also predict the outcome.
RRW: repeated random walks on genome-scale protein networks for local cluster discovery (2009)

RRW, which is a technique that exploits the topology of the network, is more precise and robust in finding local clusters. In addition, it has the added flexibility of being able to find multi-functional proteins by allowing overlapping clusters.
Erste klinische Erfahrungen mit dem Dresdner 3D-Display als Zusatz zum Heidelberg-Retina-Tomographen (HRT)* (1999)

The 3-dimensional presentation of the HRT-pictures represents an subjective improvement regarding the accuracy of manual contour definition. In particular, the fact that it is feasible to make the pictures rotate around the axes offers completely new insights to the morphology of the disc.
Experimental Demonstration of Real-Time PDCP-RLC V-RAN Split Transmission Over Fixed XGS-PON Access (2018)

In this work, we experimentally assess the transmission of a PDCP-RLC virtualised RAN split interface through a commercial XGS-PON system. We investigate the impacts of DBA on the uplink and packet jitter on the downlink.
Cutting Edge: Impaired Mast Cell Development and Innate Immunity in Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, CR3)-Deficient Mice (1998)

Abstract Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, CR3), a β2 integrin expressed on leukocytes, is important in leukocyte migration. We demonstrate that Mac-1 is also expressed on peritoneal mast cells and LPS stimulated bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells, and that Mac-1-deficient mice, which lack this receptor, have significant reductions in the numbers of mast cells resident in the peritoneal cavity, peritoneal wall, and dorsal skin. The reduced numbers of mast cells in Mac-1-deficient mice may have important functional consequences, in that Mac-1-deficient mice exhibit significantly increased mortality after cecal ligation and puncture, a model of acute septic peritonitis in which host resistance has been shown to be dependent on both mast cells and complement. These findings demonstrate that Mac-1 is required for the expression of normal levels of mast cells in the peritoneal cavity, peritoneal wall, and certain areas of the skin, as well as for maintaining adequate mast cell-dependent host defense against bacterial infection.
<scp>H</scp>‐coil repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for pain relief in patients with diabetic neuropathy (2013)

Deep H-coil rTMS provides pain relief in patients with diabetic neuropathy. This innovative technique can induce a therapeutic effect on brain areas that otherwise remain difficult to target. rTMS may produce its analgesic effects, inducing motor cortex plasticity and activating descending inhibitory pain control systems.
Isolation and identification of two stimulators of PGI2 production from fetal calf serum. (1989)

We isolated two major stimulators of PGI2 production from fetal calf serum (PCS) by ultra filtration, Sephadex G-10 gel filtration and QAE-Sephadex column chromatography. These stimulators were identified as xanthine and uric acid. The stimulatory effects on PGI2 production of xanthine-related compounds and aromatic hydroxy compounds were examined using rat aortic rings. 2-Amino-6, 8-dihydroxypurine and 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine accelerated PGI2 production, but guaiacol and 4, 4'-dihydroxycalcone greatly inhibited it.