gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Portable cryogenically cooled infrared imager: how silent it might be? (2007)

For the sake of weight and compactness, the enclosures of the modern portable cryogenically cooled infrared (IR) imagers are made in the form of a light metal (aluminium, magnesium, titanium) thin-walled shell, serving as an optical bench, accommodating a telescope, an optical train and an Infrared Detector Dewar Cooler Assembly (IDDCA). Such IDDCAs normally rely on miniature rotary Stirling cryogenic coolers, which are known as powerful sources of wideband vibration giving rise to the inherently lightly damped structural resonances in the imager enclosure thus causing loud structure-borne noise. This may lead to an increased range for aural detectability of forward observers who must remain undetected, potentially for long periods of time. Consequently, the aural nondetectability distance becomes one of the crucial figures of merit (along with the overall weight, battery life, imagery quality, etc) characterising the modern portable IR imager. In the novel approach, the IDDCA is mounted within the enclosure using a special silencing pad; effectively attenuating vibration export over the typical high frequency range that contains the relevant structural resonances of the enclosure. The residual noise radiation from the imager enclosure is then attenuated practically to a background level by reshaping the radiation modes thus cancelling the overall volume velocity. This is achieved by finding the "critical point" and affixing there the optimally sized correction mass. The authors report on a successful attempt to develop a cooled imager that is inaudible at greater than 10 meters (even during the cool down phase) per MIL-STD-1774D (Level II).
Publisher's Note: Theory of two-dimensional spatially indirect equilibrium exciton condensates [Phys. Rev. B<b>92</b>, 165121 (2015)] (2015)

Received 17 November 2015DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.239901©2015 American Physical Society
High dose dietary vitamin D allocates surplus calories to muscle and growth instead of fat via modulation of myostatin and leptin signaling (2022)

ABSTRACT Obesity is the leading proportional cause for diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Obesity occurs because the body stores surplus calories as fat. Fat cells secrete a hormone, leptin, that modulates energy balance at the brain. Changes in fat mass are mirrored by changes in serum leptin. Increases in leptin cause the brain to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure. However in obesity, leptin sensitivity is decreased which mutes leptin mediated changes in appetite and energy expenditure. We have limited understanding of what controls leptin production by fat or how sensitive the brain is to leptin. Muscle produces a hormone, myostatin, that plays an analogous role to the role that leptin plays in fat. Absent myostatin leads to increased muscle mass and strength. We also do not know what controls myostatin production or sensitivity. Although fat mass and muscle mass are closely linked, the interplay between leptin and myostatin remains unexplored. Vitamin D improves lean mass via what are thought to be primarily trophic effects at the muscle. Here we show that high dose dietary vitamin D preferentially allocates excess calories to muscle and growth instead of storage as fat by decreasing myostatin production and increasing leptin production and sensitivity. That is, high dose vitamin D improves organismal energy sensing. Obesity, aging and other chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with decreased muscle function and mass. Our work provides a physiologic framework for how high-dose vitamin D would be effective in these pathologies to increase allocation of calories to muscle instead of fat and reveals novel interplay between the myostatin and leptin signaling whereby myostatin conveys energy needs to modulate leptin effects on calorie allocation. Furthermore, our work reveals how physiologic seasonal variation in vitamin D may be important in controlling season-specific metabolism and calorie allocation to fat in winter and muscle in summer.
Suggested best practice for seismic monitoring and characterization of non-conventional reservoirs (2018)

General awareness of induced seismicity and gas leakage related to energy reservoir exploitation has been on the rise for several years (McGarr, 2002; Davies et al., 2013). This includes events from short-term fluid injection for reservoir simulation (Giardini, 2009; Atkinson, 2016), Long term hydrocarbon extraction (Van Thienen-Visser and Breuness, 2015), underground storage of natural gas (Cesca et al., 2014), waster water (Ellsworth, 2013), and carbon dioxide (Zoback and Gorelick, 2012). High rates of felt induced events in previously quiet areas are now considered critical for public safety and social licence to operate (Petersen et al, 2016). Concerns about contamination of ground water and climate effects have followed suit (Darrah et al., 2014; Davies et al., 2014).
"INCREASING THE POSITIONING ACCURACY OF THE FEED KINEMATIC LINKAGES OF CNC MACHINE TOOLS THROUGH THE CALIBRATION METHOD " (2022)

The accuracy of a CNC machine tool is one of the most important parameters that make the geometry and dimensions of the work pieces comply with the tolerance limits specified through the designer’s technical drawing. When a machine tool is handed over to the customer it is compliant in terms of the accuracy limits specified in the documentation but, after a time interval of usage, because of the wear of the components in relative motion and machine exploitation conditions. This work suggests an innovating method of testing the accuracy of a CNC machine tool by using the “calliper”, with a view to enhancing the positioning accuracy of the feed kinematic linkages. After designing and manufacturing this device, the measurement of the target points on the coordinate measuring machine is necessary, so that this device becomes a “calliper”. For inspecting the machine tool, the “calliper” is located on the machine table, being measured at the target points by means of the probe with the tactile shooter that belongs to the machine. The measurement results are stored and compared to the results of the measurements performed through the coordinate measuring machine. In function of the two measurements the related corrections of the errors will be done in the software of machine tool numerical control.
Identification of ions in experimental electrostatic potential maps (2018)

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) directly images the distribution of electrostatic potential (ESP) within macromolecules, and thus can provide much more information about atomic charge than X-ray crystallography. The electron-scattering length of an isolated ion is quite different from that of the corresponding neutral atom. The difference is very large at small scattering angles where the effects of electron distributions are largest, but becomes smaller at high scattering angles where nuclear charge determines outcomes. For this reason, in cryo-EM maps that have been solved at resolutions lower than ∼2.5 Å, peaks corresponding to anions will always be less prominent than those of cations, and may even be negative. Furthermore, if a map of this kind is smeared computationally after the fact, which reduces its effective resolution, anion peaks will diminish in size, cation peaks will grow and peaks that represent uncharged atoms will remain about the same. These effects can be used to determine the sign of the charges carried by the ions associated with a macromolecule and even estimate their magnitudes. The ESP value for a cation in a cation-anion pair is smaller than the value of the cation in isolation, but the ESP value for the anion in the ionic pair is greater than the value of the anion in isolation. The experimental range of ESP values for Mg<sup>2+</sup> relative to that of the closest C1' atom is found to be between 0.57 and 1.27.
A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Phase II Study of Sunitinib Malate in Patients with Previously Treated Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (CALGB 80603) (2010)

The study met its primary endpoint; however sunitinib had minimal activity and moderate toxicity in a population of gemcitabine-refractory pancreas adenocarcinoma patients. For future studies, limiting enrollment to patients with an ECOG performance status score of 0-1 is recommended.
Glutamate Carboxypeptidase<scp>II</scp> (2004)

Abstract Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II) is a homodimeric, dinuclear zinc carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the cleavage of two endogenous substrates carrying L ‐glutamate at the C‐terminal P1′ position, namely N ‐acetyl‐ L ‐aspartyl‐α‐ L ‐glutamate (α‐NAAG) and folylpoly‐γ‐ L ‐glutamate (folylpolyglutamate). Former synonyms for GCP II, a type‐II membrane glycoprotein that belongs to the transferrin receptor family of proteins, include prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), folylpoly‐γ‐glutamate carboxypeptidase (FGCP), and N ‐acetylated α‐linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase). GCP II predominantly occurs in nearly all types of glial cells and is drastically overproduced in endothelial cells of tumor‐associated neovasculature and in prostate cancer tissue. The particular role of PSMA, a folylpolyglutamate hydrolase, in prostate cancer is poorly understood. In the brain, GCP II catalyzes the cleavage of the abundant neuropeptide α‐NAAG that acts as an agonist for the metabotropic (i.e. G‐protein‐coupled) glutamate receptor‐3 (mGluR3), and as a mixed agonist/antagonist for N ‐methyl‐ D ‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The liberated L ‐glutamate acts as a downstream neurotransmitter that is excitotoxic at high concentrations, harming retina and brain. Accordingly, inhibitory compounds of GCP II have been shown to provide neuroprotection. In addition, they may prove useful, through the binding to PSMA, for the imaging and possible treatment of certain forms of cancer.
Adaptive sliding mode observation in a network of dynamical systems (2016)

Summary This paper considers the problem of reconstructing state information in all the nodes of a complex network of dynamical systems. The individual nodes comprise a known linear part and unknown but bounded uncertainties in certain channels of the system. A supervisory adaptive sliding mode observer configuration is proposed for estimating the states. A linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is suggested to synthesise the gains of the sliding mode observer. Although deployed centrally to estimate all the states of the complex network, the design process depends only on the dynamics of an individual node of the network. The methodology is demonstrated by considering a network of Chua oscillators. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Therapeutic Effects of Astaxanthin on Impairments in Salivary Secretion (2010)

The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disorder, and irradiation-induced impairments in salivary secretion has been reported. Meanwhile, the strong antioxidant astaxanthin (Ast) has been suggested to have therapeutic effects on various diseases. In the present study, we examined the ROS scavenging capacity of Ast using a human salivary gland epithelial cell line (HSY) and investigated the effects of Ast on salivary secretion in a mouse model of irradiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Furthermore, we performed a clinical study of Ast in six SS patients and six normal individuals, quantifying the volume of saliva secretion and the level of oxidative stress markers in the saliva. Ast partially suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS in HSY cells. The mouse model demonstrated that the pre-administration of Ast resulted in the suppression of irradiation-induced hyposalivation. Furthermore, the administration of Ast appeared to increase salivary output in both the SS and normal groups. The level of oxidative stress marker, hexanoyl-lysine, in the saliva was reduced after Ast intake. These results suggest that Ast might act as an ROS scavenger, providing benefits to SS patients with impaired salivary secretion.
Synthetic glycoconjugates characterize the fine specificity of Brucella A and M monoclonal antibodies (2017)

Synthetic oligosaccharide glycoconjugates representing A and M epitopes of<italic>Brucella</italic>bacteria define the fine specificity of five monoclonal antibodies.
Salvage chemotherapy for recurrent Ewing's sarcomas. (1995)

Metastatic disease tends to recur after remission of Ewing's sarcoma. The effectiveness of ifosfamide in patients with recurrent Ewing's sarcoma was reported in recent years. We administered IFOS combined with etoposide, pirarubicin, and cyclophosphamide to 4 Ewing's sarcoma patients with metastatic disease, and succeeded in inducing second remissions in all cases.
Microbial manipulation of the rat dam changes bacterial colonization and alters properties of the gut in her offspring (2007)

The impact of an altered bacterial colonization on gut development has not been thoroughly studied, despite the increased risk of certain diseases with a disturbed microbiota after birth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial manipulation, i.e., antibiotic treatment or Escherichia coli exposure, of the dam on bacterial colonization and gut development in the offspring. Pregnant rats were administered either broad-spectrum antibiotics 3 days before parturition or live nonpathogenic E. coli Culture Collection of University of Göteborg, Sweden type strain (CCUG 29300(T)) 1 wk before parturition and up to 14 days of lactation in the drinking water. Cecal bacterial levels, gut growth, intestinal permeability, digestive enzyme levels, and intestinal inflammation were studied in 2-wk-old rats. Pups from dams that were antibiotic-treated had higher densities of Enterobacteriaceae, which correlated with a decreased stomach growth and function, lower pancreatic protein levels, higher intestinal permeability, and increased plasma levels of the acute phase protein, haptoglobin, compared with pups from untreated mothers. Exposure of pregnant/lactating mothers to E. coli CCUG 29300(T), also resulting in increased Enterobacteriaceae levels, gave in the offspring similar results on the stomach and an increased small intestinal growth compared with the control pups. Furthermore, E. coli pups showed increased mucosal disaccharidase activities, increased liver, spleen, and adrenal weights, as well as increased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin. These findings indicate that disturbing the normal bacterial colonization after birth, by increasing the densities of cecal Enterobacteriaceae, appears to have lasting effects on the postnatal microflora, which affects gut growth and function.
A 1,408 km bicycle tour with prostate cancer patients—results of a pilot study (2013)

Abstract Negative psychological and physical effects of prostate cancer and its medical treatment may persist many years after diagnosis. The influence of a long cycling tour on rehabilitative or health-related effects with prostate cancer patients has not yet been studied. In practice, physicians and therapists rarely recommend cycling to prostate cancer. In May 2010, eight prostate cancer patients rode their bikes for over 1,408 km from Cologne to Marseille within 5 weeks. Endurance test, blood examinations (prostate-specific antigen (PSA), total testosterone, interleukin-6, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity) and quality of life questionnaires were completed before and after the tour. All eight subjects reached Marseille. Significant improvements could be observed in physical performance and certain quality of life scores ( p = 0.008), as well as a reduction of total testosterone ( p = 0.19). PSA levels did not change. This pilot study suggests that long bicycle tours with prostate cancer patients are feasible. Due to the missing control group and the small sample size, the results of this pilot study are limited.
Permanent Magnet Motors Capable of Pole Changing and Three-Torque-Production Mode using Magnetization (2013)

Energy saving in electrical appliances and electric vehicles can be realized by reducing the power consumption of their motors, which operate at variable speeds. In order to reduce reducing the energy consumption of electrical appliances, flux-weakening currents are used to reduce the voltage at high speeds, which leads to significant copper and core losses. To counter this problem, we developed a new technique that changes the number of poles and components of torque production in a permanent magnet (PM) motor based on rotational speed. In this study, we propose a novel motor that changes the poles and torque components, and also explain its principles and basic characteristics. The results of our study show that a PM motor can vary the induced voltage from 53% to 100%, operate a three-torque-production mode through magnetization, and reduce core loss by 21%. Thus, the results of our analysis prove that the proposed motor can change the poles and torque components, and can be utilized to achieve high performance and efficiency in variable speed drive systems.
Continuous liquid-phase synthesis of nickel phosphide nanoparticles in a helically coiled tube reactor (2020)

Liquid-phase synthesis of Ni<sub>2</sub>P in different flow types.
Analysis of a Cross-Layer Hybrid-ARQ Scheme: Application to Unequal Packet Protection (2011)

In order to improve the reliability of any HARQ technique at the IP level, a cross-layer strategy between the MAC and the IP levels has been recently developed in. This strategy consists in replacing a retransmisssion credit per MAC packet with a retransmission credit per IP packet. In other words, the transmission credit is shared by the MAC packets belonging to the same IP packet. Packet Error Rate, throughput, delay and jitter for this new approach have been extensively analyzed in. In this paper, we remark and theoretically prove that the first MAC packets are better protected than the last ones. This leads to a natural "unequal packet loss protection" that can be useful in many applications, such as video streaming, compressed image transmission, audio and protocols (TCP/IP). Exploiting this novel manner of protecting packets unequally may not exclude the use of the standard manners, such as different feedforward error correcting codes (FEC), modulation size, or hybrid ARQ scheme per required quality of protection. Finally, our claims are supported by numerical simulations.
Effect of geometry on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V Gyroid structures fabricated via SLM: A numerical study (2019)

Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures fabricated via Additive Manufacturing (AM) have recently emerged as being appropriate candidates for high-value engineered structures, including porous bio-implants and energy absorbing structures. Among the many TPMS designs, Gyroid structures have demonstrated merits in AM manufacturability, mechanical properties, and permeability in comparison to traditional lattice structures. Gyroid structures are mathematically formulated by geometric factors: surface thickness, sample size, number of surface periods, and the associated isovalue. These factors result in a continuous surface with a topology-specific structural response. Quantifying the effect of these factors on overall structural response requires substantial computational and experimental resources, and little systematic data exists in the literature. Using a numerical approach, cubic Gyroid structures of various designs were simulated under quasi-static compression, using a simulation model verified with experimental data for AM Ti-6Al-4V specimens fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The influence of geometric factors on structural response was quantified with OFAT (One Factor At a Time) and Taguchi methods. The results identify the number of cells and surface thickness strongly influence both modulus and compressive strength. These findings were used to theoretically develop a Gyroid structure that imitates both elastic modulus and compressive strength of human cortical bone.
Fluorine-Containing Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Aspartyl Proteases (1996)

Due to its very strong electronegativity, fluorine has a strong effect on its neighboring functional groups in a molecule. Fluoroketones, for example, in which the carbonyl group is next to fluorine substituents, are usually fully hydrated and act as transition-state mimic of the sp3 hybridized-hydrated carbonyl at the cleavage site of substrate peptides. In many cases, the fluorine containing compounds are more lipophilic than their counterparts wherein the fluorine atom is replaced by hydrogen. As a result, the solubility and log P characteristics are also affected. Two therapeutically important target enzymes that belong to the aspartyl proteases family are 1. human renin and 2. HTV-protease. Fluorine containing peptidomimetic inhibitors of these two enzymes are described.
Magnetic Shape Memory Polymers with Integrated Multifunctional Shape Manipulations (2019)

Shape-programmable soft materials that exhibit integrated multifunctional shape manipulations, including reprogrammable, untethered, fast, and reversible shape transformation and locking, are highly desirable for a plethora of applications, including soft robotics, morphing structures, and biomedical devices. Despite recent progress, it remains challenging to achieve multiple shape manipulations in one material system. Here, we report a novel magnetic shape memory polymer composite to achieve this. The composite consists of two types of magnetic particles in an amorphous shape memory polymer matrix. The matrix softens via magnetic inductive heating of low-coercivity particles, and high-remanence particles with reprogrammable magnetization profiles drive the rapid and reversible shape change under actuation magnetic fields. Once cooled, the actuated shape can be locked. Additionally, varying the particle loadings for heating enables sequential actuation. The integrated multifunctional shape manipulations are further exploited for applications including soft magnetic grippers with large grabbing force, sequential logic for computing, and reconfigurable antennas. Keyword: shape memory polymers, soft active materials, magnetic soft material, soft robotics, soft material computing
De Novo Protein Surface Design: Use of Cation-π Interactions to Enhance Binding between anα-Helical Peptide and a Cationic Molecule in 50 % Aqueous Solution (2002)

Die relative Position der Asp- und Trp-Reste in einer Peptidkette ist wichtig für die Erkennung eines Tetraguanidinium-Rezeptors über Wasserstoffbrücken- und Kation-π-Wechselwirkungen. Wie NMR- und CD-spektroskopisch gezeigt wurde, bindet das Molekül nicht nur mit hoher Affinität (Ka=1.1×108 M−1), sondern stabilisiert darüber hinaus die helicale Konformation des Peptids (siehe Schema).
GaAs/AlGaAs GRIN-SCH-SQW DBR Laser Diodes with Passive Waveguides Integrated by Compositional Disordering of the Quantum Well Using Ion Implantation (1990)

GaAs/AlGaAs GRIN-SCH-SQW DBR laser diodes are fabricated by ion implantation and two-step MOVPE growth. Passive waveguides are monolithically integrated by compositional disordering of quantum well heterostructures using silicon ion implantation. Waveguide losses of partially disordered GRIN-SCH-SQW passive waveguides are measured, and propagation losses as low as 4.4 cm -1 are observed at the lasing wavelength. Stable single mode operation is obtained, and the narrowest linewidth achieved is 840 kHz. The results show that this fabrication process is useful for photonic integrated circuits.