gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FTDS: Adjusting Virtual Computing Resources in Threshing Cases (2010)

In a virtual execution environment, dynamic computing resource adjustment technique, configuring the computing resource of virtual machines automatically according to the actual loads generated by applications, is often adopted in virtual machine monitor to improve the resource utilization rate. Traditionally, the simple Additive Increase Subtractive Decrease (AISD) scheme is used as an adjusting rule. However, in some special situations, for example, compiling kernel in a virtual machine, the configuration of virtual machines may change abruptly because of the violent vibration of workload during a short interval, and the threshing can inevitably result in additional overhead under AISD rule. In this paper, we extend the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm and present a feedback control model for configuring virtual computing resources, and propose an innovative adjusting scheme called Forecasting and Time Delayed Subtraction (FTDS) to reduce the overhead caused by threshing. The FTDS uses both statistic history of resource requests and current utilization of computing resource to predict whether threshing happens and to determine how many and when to adjust the amount of virtual CPUs. Experimental results show that FTDS can effectively reduce the jitter occurred in adjusting and make the performance penalty for threshing decreased from 9% to 0.3% compared with AISD, while maintaining that in non-threshing cases the same as AISD.
Anatomy and function of the vertebral column lymphatic network in mice (2019)

Cranial lymphatic vessels (LVs) are involved in the transport of fluids, macromolecules and central nervous system (CNS) immune responses. Little information about spinal LVs is available, because these delicate structures are embedded within vertebral tissues and difficult to visualize using traditional histology. Here we show an extended vertebral column LV network using three-dimensional imaging of decalcified iDISCO<sup>+</sup>-clarified spine segments. Vertebral LVs connect to peripheral sensory and sympathetic ganglia and form metameric vertebral circuits connecting to lymph nodes and the thoracic duct. They drain the epidural space and the dura mater around the spinal cord and associate with leukocytes. Vertebral LVs remodel extensively after spinal cord injury and VEGF-C-induced vertebral lymphangiogenesis exacerbates the inflammatory responses, T cell infiltration and demyelination following focal spinal cord lesion. Therefore, vertebral LVs add to skull meningeal LVs as gatekeepers of CNS immunity and may be potential targets to improve the maintenance and repair of spinal tissues.
Studies on epoxy blends modified with a hyperbranched polyester (2008)

Abstract Thermomechanical and rheological properties of epoxy blends modified with different percentages of a hyperbranched polymer have been reported. The addition of the hyperbranched modifier did not alter the rheological behavior of the blend. This effect is particularly advantageous for some composite manufacturing techniques because it allows for the establishment of low viscosity during processing. Morphological development was studied under curing by hot stage microscopy. The cryo‐fractured surfaces of the cured samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The morphological analysis showed that the blends did not phase separate at any modifier percentage. This result was further supported by dynamic mechanical testing (DMTA) on cured samples. In fact, DMTA showed a single relaxation peak for all the formulations studied. The dynamic testing was also used to assess the damping properties of the systems. The blends of this study were also compared with similar systems modified with poly(ε‐caprolactone), which were the subjects of a previous article. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Depolymerization of Cellulose Using Solid Catalysts in Ionic Liquids (2008)

Feste Säuren wirken als leistungsfähige Katalysatoren für die Hydrolyse von Cellulose in einer ionischen Flüssigkeit. Die Cellulose wird selektiv und ohne nennenswerte Nebenprodukte zu Celluloseoligomeren (Cellooligomeren) depolymerisiert. Selbst Holz, ein Lignocellulosematerial, wird mit dieser Methode hydrolysiert. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z802879_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Bis(β‐diketiminato) lanthanide amides: synthesis, structure and catalysis for the polymerization of <scp>l</scp>‐lactide and ε‐caprolactone (2014)

Treatment of the chlorides (L 2,6‐iPr2 Ph ) 2 LnCl (L 2,6‐iPr2 Ph = [(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 )NC(Me)CHC(Me)N(C 6 H 5 )] − ) with 1 equiv. of NaNH(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ) afforded the monoamides (L 2,6‐iPr2 Ph ) 2 LnNH(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ) (Ln = Y ( 1 ), Yb ( 2 )) in good yields. Anhydrous LnCl 3 reacted with 2 equiv. of NaL 2,6‐iPr2 Ph in THF, followed by treatment with 1 equiv. of NaNH(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ), giving the analogues (L 2,6‐iPr2 Ph ) 2 LnNH(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ) (Ln = Sm ( 3 ), Nd ( 4 )). Two monoamido complexes stabilized by two L 2‐Me ligands, (L 2‐Me ) 2 LnNH(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ) (L 2‐Me = [N(2‐MeC 6 H 4 )C(Me)] 2 CH) − ; Ln = Y ( 5 ), Yb ( 6 )), were also synthesized by the latter route. Complexes 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 were fully characterized, including X‐ray crystal structure analyses. Complexes 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 are isostructural. The central metal in each complex is ligated by two β‐diketiminato ligands and one amido group in a distorted trigonal bipyramid. All the complexes were found to be highly active in the ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide (L‐LA) and ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) to give polymers with relatively narrow molar mass distributions. The activity depends on both the central metal and the ligand (Yb &lt; Y &lt; Sm ≈ Nd and L 2‐Me &lt; L 2,6‐iPr2 Ph ). Remarkably, the binary 3/benzyl alcohol (BnOH) system exhibited a striking ‘immortal’ nature and proved able to quantitatively convert 5000 equiv. of L‐LA with up to 100 equiv. of BnOH per metal initiator. All the resulting PLAs showed monomodal, narrow distributions ( M w / M n = 1.06 − 1.08), with molar mass ( M n ) decreasing proportionally with an increasing amount of BnOH. The binary 4/BnOH system also exhibited an ‘immortal’ nature in the polymerization of ε‐CL in toluene. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Approximate 3D iterative reconstruction for SPECT (1997)

Compared with slice-by-slice approaches for SPECT reconstruction, three-dimensional iterative methods provide a more accurate physical model and an improved SPECT image. Clinical application of these methods, however, is limited primarily to their computational demands. This paper investigates the methods for approximate 3D iterative reconstruction that greatly reduce this demand by excluding from the reconstruction the smaller magnitude elements of the system matrix. A new method is described which is designed to control the resulting bias in the SPECT image for a given reduction in computation. The approximate methods were compared to fully 3D iterative reconstruction in terms of SPECT image bias and visual quality. All methods were incorporated into the ML-EM algorithm and applied to data from 3D mathematical and experimental brain phantoms. The SPECT images reconstructed by the approximate methods exhibited a positive bias throughout the image that was in general smaller with the new method (in the rage of 2%-6%). The bias was smallest in locally hot regions and largest in locally cold regions. The high quality brain phantom images demonstrated the capability of the new method in realistic imaging contexts. The time per iteration for an entire 3D brain phantom on a modern workstation using the approximate 3D method was 7.0 s.
Aerosol Jet Printed 3D Electrochemical Sensors for Protein Detection (2018)

The use of electrochemical sensors for the analysis of biological samples is nowadays widespread and highly demanded from diagnostic and pharmaceutical research, but the reliability and repeatability still remain debated issues. In the expanding field of printed electronics, Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) appears promising to bring an improvement in resolution, miniaturization, and flexibility. In this paper, the use of AJP is proposed to design and fabricate customized electrochemical sensors in term of geometry, materials and 3D liquid sample confinement, reducing variability in the functionalization process. After an analysis of geometrical, electrical and surface features, the optimal layout has been selected. An electrochemical test has been then performed quantifying Interleukin-8, selected as reference protein, by means of Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. AJP sensors have been compared with standard screen-printed electrodes in terms of current density and relative standard deviation. Results from AJP sensors with Ag-based Anodic Stripping Voltammetry confirmed nanostructures capability to reduce the limit of detection (from 2.1 to 0.3 ng/mL). Furthermore, AJP appeared to bring an improvement in term of relative standard deviation from 50 to 10%, if compared to screen-printed sensors. This is promising to improve reliability and repeatability of measurement techniques integrable in several biotechnological applications.
Immunogenicity and Vaccine Efficacy Boosted by Engineering Human Heavy Chain Ferritin and Chimeric Hepatitis B Virus Core Nanoparticles (2021)

Human heavy-chain ferritin (HFn) and hepatitis B virus core (HBc) are both nanoparticle proteins presenting a well-oriented architecture with constant size and shape, which can be engineered to carry epitopes on the surface of the nanoparticle protein cage, enabling vaccine design. This study aims to investigate the immunogenicity differences between engineered HFn and chimeric HBc bearing the same epitope. As a proof of concept, the model epitope Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is inserted at the N-terminus of the HFn and HBc subunit to produce two vaccine candidates named EBNA1-HFn (E1F1) and EBNA1-HBc (E1H1), respectively. From <i>in vivo</i> immunogenicity studies, E1H1 demonstrates the capability to prompt significant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in adjuvant-free formulation. When formulated with the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, E1H1 produces approximately 5× higher titer and 2× stronger proliferation index (PI) than E1F1. These results confirm that the HBc carrier induces a stronger humoral immune response than HFn. On the other hand, from lymphocyte activation experiments, E1F1 induces a stronger cell-mediated immune response indicated by 5× more CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells and 2× more effector memory T cells in the E1F1 group versus the E1H1 group. Through this study, HFn and HBc are shown to be potentially effective vaccine carrier nanoparticles having subtly different immunological responses.
Excitation of a two-arm metaspiral antenna (2015)

The radiation characteristics of a two-arm metamaterial-based spiral antenna (metaspiral) are investigated as a function of excitation amplitude coefficient m, where a situation of m = 1 means that the spiral is excited in balanced mode. It is found that the radiation field in the antenna axis direction (z-direction) decreases as m is decreased. The gain in the z-direction drops by 1-dB at m = 0.6. The symmetry of the radiation pattern obtained at m = 1 is almost retained at m = 0.6.
Introduction: Why Analyze Single Cells? (2012)

Powerful methods in molecular biology are abundant; however, in many fields including hematology, stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and cancer biology, data from tools and assays that analyze the average signals from many cells may not yield the desired result because the cells of interest may be in the minority-their behavior masked by the majority-or because the dynamics of the populations of interest are offset in time. Accurate characterization of samples with high cellular heterogeneity may only be achieved by analyzing single cells. In this chapter, we discuss the rationale for performing analyses on individual cells in more depth, cover the fields of study in which single-cell behavior is yielding new insights into biological and clinical questions, and speculate on how single-cell analysis will be critical in the future.
The Calibration Experiment Network Architecture (2003)

In September 2001, a Calibration Experiment (CalEx) of the Army Materiel Command (AMC) Research, Development, and Engineering Center (RDEC) Federation was performed. Participants included members of the AMC RDECs, the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), and the Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation Command (STRICOM). The objective of this High Level Architecture (HLA)-based distributed simulation collaboration was to demonstrate the analysis capabilities of the AMC RDEC Federation. The AMC RDEC Federation is a distributed engineering and engagement level modeling and simulation environment. This report presents some of the network challenges that were experienced during the course of CalEx. Seven sites were connected via the Defense Research and Engineering Network (DREN). Network performance to include latency and bandwidth, multicast issues, Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI), firewalls and router issues will be discussed. Also, observations pertaining to the simulation network as an integration of the Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), and Wide Area Network (WAN) will be presented with recommendations for network infrastructure modifications.
Effect of shoe insert construction on foot and leg movement (1998)

The results of this study suggest that subject specific factors such as static, dynamic, and neuro-physiological characteristics of foot and leg are important to match specific feet and shoe inserts optimally.
Network Rewiring in Cancer: Applications to Melanoma Cell Lines and the Cancer Genome Atlas Patients (2018)

Genes do not work in isolation, but rather as part of networks that have many feedback and redundancy mechanisms. Studying the properties of genetic networks and how individual genes contribute to overall network functions can provide insight into genetically-mediated disease processes. Most analytical techniques assume a network topology based on normal state networks. However, gene perturbations often lead to the rewiring of relevant networks and impact relationships among other genes. We apply a suite of analysis methodologies to assess the degree of transcriptional network rewiring observed in different sets of melanoma cell lines using whole genome gene expression microarray profiles. We assess evidence for network rewiring in melanoma patient tumor samples using RNA-sequence data available from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We make a distinction between "unsupervised" and "supervised" network-based methods and contrast their use in identifying consistent differences in networks between subsets of cell lines and tumor samples. We find that different genes play more central roles within subsets of genes within a broader network and hence are likely to be better drug targets in a disease state. Ultimately, we argue that our results have important implications for understanding the molecular pathology of melanoma as well as the choice of treatments to combat that pathology.
Functional Effects of Transforming Growth Factor β on Adhesive Properties of Porcine Trophectoderm (2005)

In pigs, expression and amounts of biologically active TGFbetas at the conceptus-maternal interface increase significantly as conceptuses elongate and begin the implantation process. Before their activation, secreted TGFbetas are noncovalently associated with their respective, isoform-specific latency-associated peptides (LAPs), which contain the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) amino acid sequence that serves as a ligand for numerous integrins. Objectives of this study were to determine whether TGFbeta1 increases production of fibronectin by porcine trophectoderm, whether porcine trophectoderm adheres specifically to fibronectin and LAP, and whether functional interactions between porcine trophectoderm and the two TGFbeta-associated proteins, fibronectin and LAP, are integrin mediated. Porcine trophectoderm cells (pTr2) were cultured in presence of TGFbeta1, LAP, or pan-neutralizing anti-TGFbeta antibody; TGFbeta specifically increased (P < 0.05) fibronectin mRNA levels, as determined by Northern and slot blot analyses. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated a TGFbeta-induced increase in fibronectin in pTr2 cells. In dispersed cell adhesion assays, adhesion of pTr2 cells to fibronectin was inhibited by an RGD-containing peptide (P < 0.05) and pTr2 cells attached to recombinant LAP but not to an LAP mutant, which contained an RGE sequence rather than the RGD site (P < 0.05). Fibronectin- and LAP-coated microbeads induced integrin activation at apical surfaces of both trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelial cells, as indicated by aggregation and transmembrane accumulation of talin detected with immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell surface biotinylation and immunoprecipitation revealed integrin subunits alphav and beta1 on apical membranes of pTr2 cells. These results suggest multiple effects of TGFbeta at the porcine conceptus-maternal interface, including integrin-mediated conceptus-maternal communication through LAP.
A Semianalytical Performance Prediction Method for an Iterative MIMO MMSE Receiver With Forward and Backward Error Control (2014)

This paper proposes a semianalytical performance prediction method for an iterative receiver that processes signals arriving through a frequency-selective multiple-input multiple-output radio channel. Earlier results provide a distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the output of a frequency domain soft interference cancellation minimum mean square error equalizer, which is used to approximate the distribution of the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the demapped bits. Mutual information transfer charts establish a bijective relationship between the variance of the LLRs and the mutual information. We assume a 3rd Generation Partnership Project compliant turbo code, whose transfer charts are simulated in advance. By approximating the LLR variance distribution of the demapped equalizer output, we can evaluate the probability of an intersection between an equalizer chart associated with a random channel realization and a fixed decoder chart. This probability provides the frame error rate. Our proposed prediction method allows horizontally and vertically encoded spatial multiplexing schemes. The vertically encoded scheme is complemented by the inclusion of the Chase combining hybrid automatic repeat request protocol. The proposed method allows reasonable receive antenna correlation.
Signal representation and processing of nucleotide sequences (2008)

Sets of related signals can be represented by separating their joint variation and showing the individual signal offsets with respect to this reference. An example is the Genomic Signal Analysis (GSA) of pathogen variability. The conversion of symbolic nucleotide sequences to genomic signals allows to use signal processing methods to analyse genomic data. This approach reveals striking regularities in the distribution of nucleotides and pair of nucleotides along the sequences, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Genomic signals can also be used for sequence prediction, similarly to time series prediction. The methodology is also adequate for studying the development of pathogen multiple resistance to drugs.
Abstract TP363: Paramedic Angiographic Correlates (PACman): Utility of the Los Angeles Motor Score (LAMS) in Predicting Large Vessel Occlusions (2017)

Introduction: For many patients with large vessel occlusions (LVO), endovascular therapy significantly improves patient outcomes. Data are needed to inform the decision when bypass a local primary stroke center for an endovascular center. Hypothesis: The LAMS and other physical findings can predict LVO. Methods: Interim analysis of a convenience sample of stroke code patients presenting to a suburban tertiary care center ED. Paramedics examined patients using the LAMS. Without any specific additional training, paramedics were also asked to assess for leg weakness, visual disturbances, altered level of consciousness, and language abnormalities (dysarthria, aphasia). Sensitivity and specificity of a LAMS score of ≥ 4 were calculated. A stepwise logistical regression on the other physical exam elements that might predict LVO was performed. Results: 190 cases, mean age (SD) 67 (18), 51% female; 85 (45%) had an acute stroke, 44 (23%) had LVO. For stroke prediction, LAMS’ sensitivity = 70% and specificity = 80%. ROC = 80% (95% CI 74-86%). For prediction of LVO, only LAMS as a complete test was associated with LVO (OR 1.78 per LAMS point ( 95% CI 1.42-2.23). Sensitivity of this model was 27%, specificity 95%. By including the LAMS components individually as potential predictors of LVO, grip strength superseded LAMS as the only predictor of LVO. Odds ratio for LAMS prediction of LVO was 4.18 per point, 95% CI 2.48-7.04, sensitivity 49%, specificity 92%. ROC =75% (95% CI 66-84%). Conclusion: When performed by paramedics and EMTs in an enriched stroke code population, LAMS can be used to identify LVO with high specificity. Specifically, the hand grip element predicts LVO. The overall poor sensitivity of all stroke scales for stroke in general is unlikely to change.
<scp>GdDO3NI</scp> Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Allows Imaging of Hypoxia After Brain Injury (2021)

1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
La<sub>0.8</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>MnO<sub>3−δ</sub> Decorated with Ba<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3−δ</sub>: A Bifunctional Surface for Oxygen Electrocatalysis with Enhanced Stability and Activity (2014)

Developing highly active and stable catalysts based on earth-abundant elements for oxygen electrocatalysis is critical to enable efficient energy storage and conversion. In this work, we took advantage of the high intrinsic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of La(0.8)Sr(0.2)MnO(3-δ) (LSMO) and the high intrinsic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of Ba(0.5)Sr(0.5)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) (BSCF) to develop a novel bifunctional catalyst. We used pulsed laser deposition to fabricate well-defined surfaces composed of BSCF on thin-film LSMO grown on (001)-oriented Nb-doped SrTiO3. These surfaces exhibit bifunctionality for oxygen electrocatalysis with enhanced activities and stability for both the ORR and OER that rival the state-of-the-art single- and multicomponent catalysts in the literature.