gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyadenylated RNA and RNA-Binding Proteins Exhibit Unique Response to Hyperosmotic Stress (2021)

Stress granule formation is a complex and rapidly evolving process that significantly disrupts cellular metabolism in response to a variety of cellular stressors. Recently, it has become evident that different chemical stressors lead to the formation of compositionally distinct stress granules. However, it is unclear which proteins are required for the formation of stress granules under different conditions. In addition, the effect of various stressors on polyadenylated RNA metabolism remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that G3BP1/2, which are common stress granule components, are not required for the formation of stress granules specifically during osmotic stress induced by sorbitol and related polyols. Furthermore, sorbitol-induced osmotic stress leads to significant depletion of nuclear polyadenylated RNA, a process that we demonstrate is dependent on active mRNA export, as well as cytoplasmic and subnuclear shifts in the presence of many nuclear RNA-binding proteins. We assessed the function of multiple shifted RBPs and found that hnRNP U, but not TDP-43 or hnRNP I, exhibit reduced function following this cytoplasmic shift. Finally, we observe that multiple stress pathways lead to a significant reduction in transcription, providing a possible explanation for our inability to observe loss of TDP-43 or hnRNP I function. Overall, we identify unique outcomes following osmotic stress that provide important insight into the regulation of RNA-binding protein localization and function.
A Low Area Random Number Generator Based on Stability Changes of Ring Oscillators (2021)

This paper presents a new random number generator based on stability changes of ring oscillators. Multiplexer and inverter are added to each ring to be able to turn on and off the oscillations. Fourteen ring oscillators are combined with the XOR gate after each ring’s output is sampled with a D type flip-flop. The multiplexers are controlled with a control unit. The designed TRNG is subjected to NIST SP800-22 test suite that contains statistical tests for randomness. 320 million consecutive bits are collected as 320 bitstreams with a data acquisition card. The collected data passed all the randomness requirements of the NIST SP800-22 test suite. Comparisons with wake-up and shut-down methods are performed to show the improvement provided by the proposed new method. Up to 44% improvement in the area, up to 41% improvement in resource usage, and 100% improvement in throughput are obtained. All TRNG designs are implemented in Xilinx Virtex V xc5vlx50t FPGA.
1,3-Dipolar character of six-membered aromatic rings. Part 48. Novel conversions of pyridines to isoquinolines (1980)

1-Heteroaryl-3-oxidopyridinium dimers with dienamines give cycloadducts which are dehydrogenated to ‘mixed dimers’ of the corresponding 2-heteroaryl-4-oxidoisoquinolinium with the starting 1-heteroaryl-3-oxidopyridinium. The ‘mixed dimer’(21) is also effectively prepared by a two-step sequence of a novel intramolecular oxidation–reduction, followed by oxidation of the resulting alcohol. The ‘mixed dimers’ undergo reversible thermal dissociation and in one case the corresponding monomers could be trapped as various cycloadducts.
Au@Pt Core–Shell Mesoporous Nanoballs and Nanoparticles as Efficient Electrocatalysts toward Formic Acid and Glucose Oxidation (2015)

By effectively bypassing the common problem of the loss of contact of platinum nanoparticles to carbon black support involved in the traditional methodology, supportless Pt, Au@Pt 3D-porous nanostructures (PtNBs and Au@PtNBs), and Aucore-Ptshell nanoparticles (Au50Pt50NPs) were synthesized. The radiolytic synthesis provides a high control on the size, morphology, and composition of the nanoparticles. Nanoballs, 85 ± 5 nm for PtNBs and 75 ± 5 nm for Au@PtNBs, are formed by 3D-interconnected nanowires leading to a giant mesoporous structure. A single Au@PtNB is formed by an ca. 30 nm Au-core, surrounded by a porous Pt-shell of 15 nm thickness made by 3D-connected nanowires of 2 nm diameter. The high catalytic activity of these nanostructures toward organic electrooxidation was highlighted in aqueous media and attributed to their particular core–shell structure. The Au@PtNBs mesoporous materials exhibit improved kinetics toward glucose electrooxidation compared to their counterpart PtNBs and are a promising anode material for direct glucose fuel cells. For formic acid electrooxidation, Au50Pt50NPs (3 nm diameter) exhibit the most specific activity. The radiolysis enables the effective synthesis of various core–shell nanostructures ranging from simple to mesoporous ones. The present work continues the research line where advanced methods are used to prepare highly active nanostructures with improved catalytic kinetics.
Area-efficiency in CMP core design (2009)

In this paper, we examine the area-performance design space of a processing core for a chip multiprocessor (CMP), considering both the architectural design space and the tradeoffs of the physical design on which the architecture relies. We first propose a methodology for performing an integrated optimization of both the micro-architecture and the physical circuit design of a microprocessor. In our approach, we use statistical and convex fitting methods to capture a large micro-architectural design space. We then characterize the area-delay tradeoffs of the underlying circuits through RTL synthesis. Finally, we establish the relationship between the architecture and the circuits in an integrative model, which we use to optimize the processor. As a case study, we apply this methodology to explore the performance-area tradeoffs in a highly parallel accelerator architecture for visual computing applications. Based on some early circuit tradeoff data, our results indicate that two separate designs are performance/area optimal for our set of benchmarks: a simpler single-issue, 2-way multithreaded core running at high-frequency, and a more aggressively tuned dual-issue 4-way multithreaded design running at a lower frequency.
Clinical efficacy and mechanism of mesenchymal stromal cells in treatment of COVID-19 (2022)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious epidemic disease that has seriously affected human health worldwide. To date, however, there is still no definitive drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Cell-based therapies could represent a new breakthrough. Over the past several decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have proven to be ideal candidates for the treatment of many viral infectious diseases due to their immunomodulatory and tissue repair or regeneration promoting properties, and several relevant clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 have been registered internationally. Herein, we systematically summarize the clinical efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of COVID-19 based on published results, including mortality, time to symptom improvement, computed tomography (CT) imaging, cytokines, and safety, while elaborating on the possible mechanisms underpinning the effects of MSCs, to provide a reference for subsequent studies.
Sphere Impact Induced Damage in Ceramics: II. Armor-Grade B4C and WC (2008)

Armor-grade B4C and WC cylinders (25.4 mm × 25.4 mm) were impacted with WC-6Co (6 wt.% Co) spheres (6.35 mm diameter) at velocities between 100 m/s and 400 m/s. The recovered cylinders were subsequently sectioned and metallographically-prepared to reveal the dominant sub-surface damage types and change in damage severity as a function of impact velocity. In general, both ceramics exhibited radial, ring, Hertzian cone, and lateral cracks which increased in number and length as the impact velocity increased. The cracking was predominately transgranular for B4C and intergranular for WC. However, unlike SiC and TiB2 (reported in the part I[1]), no evidence of a comminuted region directly beneath the impact center was observed in either ceramic. B4C exhibited severe spallation of material surrounding the impact center. In addition, evidence of shear localization beneath the impact center was also observed. This observation may in part explain the sharp drop in shear strength that B4C exhibits in plate impact experiments when shocked above 20 GPa. In contrast, WC was almost unremarkable in its response to being impact with the WC spheres in that it exhibited a nice spherical crater that is more typical of the response of a metal. The effect of impact velocity on the observed damage and differences in damage between these two armor-grade ceramics will be presented.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ADDITION OF TRIMETHYLSILYL IODIDE TO SOME α,β‐UNSATURATED KETONES (1979)

Abstract Aus den ungesättigten Ketonen (I) erhält man mit Trimethylsilyliodid (II) über ein Addukt (III) bei der Hydrolyse die Iodketone (IV).
Early T-bet promotes LFA1 upregulation required for CD8+ effector and memory T cell development (2022)

The T-box transcription factor T-bet is regarded as a "master regulator" of CD4+ Th1 differentiation and IFN-γ production. However, in multiple models of infection, T-bet appears less critical for CD8+ T cell expansion and effector function. Here, we show that following vaccination with a replication-deficient strain of Toxoplasma gondii, CD8+ T cell expression of T-bet is required for optimal expansion of parasite-specific effector CD8+ T cells. Analysis of the early events associated with T cell activation reveals that the α chain of LFA1, CD11a, is a target of T-bet, and T-bet is necessary for CD8+ T cell upregulation of this integrin, which influences the initial priming of CD8+ effector T cells. We propose that the early expression of T-bet represents a T cell-intrinsic factor that optimizes T-DC interactions necessary to generate effector responses.
Imaging Methods Applicable in the Diagnostics of Alzheimer’s Disease, Considering the Involvement of Insulin Resistance (2023)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease and the most frequently diagnosed type of dementia, characterized by (1) perturbed cerebral perfusion, vasculature, and cortical metabolism; (2) induced proinflammatory processes; and (3) the aggregation of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins. Subclinical AD changes are commonly detectable by using radiological and nuclear neuroimaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Furthermore, other valuable modalities exist (in particular, structural volumetric, diffusion, perfusion, functional, and metabolic magnetic resonance methods) that can advance the diagnostic algorithm of AD and our understanding of its pathogenesis. Recently, new insights into AD pathoetiology revealed that deranged insulin homeostasis in the brain may play a role in the onset and progression of the disease. AD-related brain insulin resistance is closely linked to systemic insulin homeostasis disorders caused by pancreas and/or liver dysfunction. Indeed, in recent studies, linkages between the development and onset of AD and the liver and/or pancreas have been established. Aside from standard radiological and nuclear neuroimaging methods and clinically fewer common methods of magnetic resonance, this article also discusses the use of new suggestive non-neuronal imaging modalities to assess AD-associated structural changes in the liver and pancreas. Studying these changes might be of great clinical importance because of their possible involvement in AD pathogenesis during the prodromal phase of the disease.
Optimally Computing the Shortest Weakly Visible Subedge of a Simple Polygon (1996)

Given ann-vertex simple polygonP, the problem of computing the shortest weakly visible subedge ofPis that of finding a shortest line segmentson the boundary ofPsuch thatPis weakly visible froms(ifsexists). In this paper, we present new geometric observations that are useful for solving this problem. Based on these geometric observations, we obtain optimal sequential and parallel algorithms for solving this problem. Our sequential algorithm runs inO(n) time, and our parallel algorithm runs inO(log n) time usingO(n/log n) processors in the CREW PRAM computational model. Using the previously best known sequential algorithms to solve this problem would takeO(n2) time. We also give geometric observations that lead to extremely simple and optimal algorithms for solving, both sequentially and in parallel, the case of this problem where the polygons are rectilinear.
An HMM-based averaging approach for creating mean motion data from a full-body Motion Capture system to support the development of a biomechanical model (2018)

Abstract Motion capture systems or MoCap systems are used for game development and in the field of sports for the assessment and digitalization of human movement. Furthermore, MoCap systems are also used in the medical and therapeutic field for the analysis of human movement patterns. As examples gait analysis or examination of the musculoskeletal system and its function should be mentioned. Most application relate to a specific person and their movement or to the comparison of movements of different people. Within the scope of this paper an averaged motion sequence is supposed to be generated from MoCap data in order to be able to use it in the field of biomechanical modeling and simulation. For the averaging of individual movement sequences of different persons a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based approach is presented.
A ROBUST MATCHING METHOD FOR UNMMANED AERIAL VEHICLE IMAGES WITH DIFFERENT VIEWPOINT ANGLES BASED ON REGIONAL COHERENCY (2015)

Abstract. One of the main challenges confronting high-resolution remote sensing image matching is how to address the issue of geometric deformation between images, especially when the images are obtained from different viewpoints. In this paper, a robust matching method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle images of different viewpoint angles based on regional coherency is proposed. The literature on the geometric transform analysis reveals that if transformations between different pixel pairs are different, they can't be expressed by a uniform affine transform. While for the same real scene, if the instantaneous field of view or the target depth changes is small, transformation between pixels in the whole image can be approximated by an affine transform. On the basis of this analysis, a region coherency matching method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle images is proposed. In the proposed method, the simplified mapping from image view change to scale change and rotation change has been derived. Through this processing, the matching between view change images can be converted into the matching between rotation and scale changed images. In the method, firstly local image regions are detected and view changes between these local regions are mapped to rotation and scale change by performing local region simulation. And then, point feature detection and matching are implemented in the simulated image regions. Finally, a group of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle images are adopted to verify the performance of proposed matching method respectively, and a comparative analysis with other methods demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Pressure-induced suppression of ferromagnetism in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>CePd</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2020)

The correlated electron material ${\mathrm{CePd}}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ crystallizes in the ${\mathrm{ThCr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ structure and orders ferromagnetically at 29 K. Prior work by Lai et al. [Phys. Rev. B 97, 224406 (2018)] found evidence for a ferromagnetic quantum critical point induced by chemical compression via substitution of Ni for Pd. However, disorder effects due to the chemical substitution interfere with a simple analysis of the possible critical behavior. In the present paper, we examine the temperature---pressure---magnetic-field phase diagram of single crystalline ${\mathrm{CePd}}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ to 25 GPa using a combination of resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and x-ray diffraction measurements. We find that the ferromagnetism appears to be destroyed near 12 GPa, without any change in the crystal structure.
Prescribed intensity design for extended sources in three-dimensional rotational geometry (2015)

Regulating the intensity distribution of an extended source to produce a prescribed illumination in three-dimensional (3D) rotationally symmetric geometry remains a challenging issue in illumination design. In this Letter, we present an effective method focusing on creating prescribed intensity designs for extended sources. By this method, a prescribed 3D intensity design is first converted into a two-dimensional intensity design for the extended source, a new approach is used to calculate the initial patch to generate a more stable design, and then a feedback strategy is employed to improve the performance of the aspherical lens in 3D rotational geometry. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of performance and capacity for tackling complex designs.
Endogenous migration modulators as parent compounds for the development of novel cardiovascular and anti‐inflammatory drugs (2011)

Development of novel cell migration modulators for anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular therapy is a complex task since any modulator will necessarily interfere with a balanced system of physiological regulators directing proper positioning of diverse immune cell types within the body. Whereas this shall serve efficient pathogen elimination, lack of proper control over these processes may result in counterproductive chronic inflammation and progressive tissue injury instead of healing. Prediction of the therapeutic potential or side effects of any migration modulator is not possible based on theoretical considerations alone but needs to be experimentally evaluated in preclinical disease models and by clinical studies. Here, we briefly summarize basic mechanism of cell migration, and groups of synthetic drugs currently in use for migration modulation. We then discuss one fundamental problem encountered with single-target approaches that arises from the complexity of any inflammation, with multiple interacting and often redundant factors being involved. This issue is likely to arise for any class of therapeutic agent (small molecules, peptides, antibodies, regulatory RNAs) addressing a single gene or protein. Against this background of studies on synthetic migration modulators addressing single targets, we then discuss the potential of endogenous proteins as therapeutic migration modulators, or as parent compounds for the development of mimetic drugs. Regulatory proteins of this type commonly address multiple receptors and signalling pathways and act upon the immune response in a phase-specific manner. Based on recent evidence, we suggest investigation of such endogenous migration modulators as novel starting points for anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular drug development.
Methylene-bis-Propionate Preservation of High-Moisture Corn (1978)

Methylene-bis-propionate (MBP) was compared to a 15% formaldehyde solution (FOR) and propionic acid (PA) as a preservative for high-moisture corn (HMC). In a field trial, MBP, FOR and PA at concentrations of .78%, 1.00% and .80% (wt preservative/wt corn), respectively, were applied to 70.4 M3 (2,000 bu) lots of freshly harvested yellow dent corn (20 to 26%) moisture). Microbiological changes were evaluated throughout 240 days of storage in concrete silos, and the performance of 25 feedlot heifers was determined on corn treated with each of the preservatives. MBP exhibited superior antifungal and antibacterial properties throughout storage, whereas FOR controlled fungi and bacteria less than 20 days. PA controlled microbial activity during most of storage but was less effective than MBP. Average daily gain (kg) and feed-to-gain ratio for the respective (MBP, FOR and PA) rations were: 1.00 and 6.78, .97 and 6.85 and 1.10 and 6.04. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the fat of MBP on HMC. MBP broke down to PA and formaldehyde within 9 hr after contacting the wet grain. This breakdown appears to be a hydrolytic process which is catalyzed by a heat-sensitive substance. Minimum levels of MBP preserved high-moisture corn in laboratory tests longer than mixtures of PA and FOR.
Prognostic Value of S-100β Protein for Prediction of Post-Concussion Symptoms after a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2017)

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prognostic value of S-100β protein to identify patients with post-concussion symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A search strategy was submitted to seven databases from their inception to October 2016. Individual patient data were requested. Cohort studies evaluating the association between S-100β protein level and post-concussion symptoms assessed at least seven days after the mTBI were considered. Outcomes were dichotomized as persistent (≥3 months) or early (≥7 days <3 months). Our search strategy yielded 23,298 citations of which 29 studies including between seven and 223 patients (n = 2505) were included. Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) (16 studies) and neuropsychological symptoms (9 studies) were the most frequently assessed outcomes. The odds of having persistent PCS (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-1.12, p = 0.11, I<sup>2</sup> 0% [n = five studies]) in patients with an elevated S-100β protein serum level were not significantly different from those of patients with normal values while the odds of having early PCS (OR 1.67, 95% CI: 0.98-2.85, p = 0.06, I<sup>2</sup> 38% [n = five studies]) were close to statistical significance. Similarly, having an elevated S-100β protein serum level was not associated with the odds of returning to work at six months (OR 2.31, 95% CI: 0.50-10.64, p = 0.28, I<sup>2</sup> 22% [n = two studies]). Overall risk of bias was considered moderate. Results suggest that the prognostic biomarker S-100β protein has a low clinical value to identify patients at risk of persistent post-concussion symptoms. Variability in injury to S-100ß protein sample time, mTBI populations, and outcomes assessed could potentially explain the lack of association and needs further evaluation.
Identification of the Cyclase Product and its First Oxidation Product in the Biosynthesis of Fuscol and Fuscosides (2010)

Fuscol and the related fuscosides are diterpenes isolated from the Caribbean gorgonian Eunicea fusca, which exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity with a selective action against leukotriene production in murine models. This report describes the isolation and characterization of the diterpene cyclase product leading to these natural products. The cyclase product has been assigned the trivial name eunicene A and was identified through a radioactivity-guided isolation. Additional biosynthetic experiments conducted by incubating a cell-free extract of E. fusca with 3H-labelled metabolites confirmed the involvement of this unsaturated hydrocarbon in the production of fuscol and fuscosides.