gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Vascular Leak in a Mouse Model of Amyloid Neuropathology (2014)

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is increasing evidence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise, usually observed as 'microbleeds' correlated with amyloid plaque deposition and apoE-ɛ4 status, raising the possibility of nanotherapeutic delivery. Molecular probes have been used to study neurovascular leak, but this approach does not adequately estimate vascular permeability of nanoparticles. We therefore characterized cerebrovascular leaks in live APP+ transgenic animals using a long circulating ∼100 nm nanoparticle computed tomography (CT) contrast agent probe. Active leaks fell into four categories: (1) around the dorsomedial cerebellar artery (DMCA), (2) around other major vessels, (3) nodular leaks in the cerebral cortex, and (4) diffuse leaks. Cortical leaks were uniformly more frequent in the transgenic animals than in age-matched controls. Leaks around vessels other than the DMCA were more frequent in older transgenics compared with younger ones. All other leaks were equally prevalent across genotypes independent of age. Ten days after injection, 4 to 5 μg of the dose was estimated to be present in the brain, roughly a half of which was in locations other than the leaky choroid plexus, and associated with amyloid deposition in older animals. These results suggest that amyloid deposition and age increase delivery of nanoparticle-borne reagents to the brain, in therapeutically relevant amounts.
Formability of a non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave E-glass composite reinforcement Part A Applied science and manufacturing (2014)

In this paper, the formability of a single layer E-glass non-crimp 3D orthogonal woven reinforcement (commercialized under trademark 3WEAVE® by 3Tex Inc.) is experimentally investigated. The study involves the forming process of the 3D fabric on two complex moulds, namely tetrahedron and double-dome. The tests are assisted by 3D digital image correlation measurement to have a continuous registration of the fabric local deformation. Moreover, the results of bending tests in warp and weft direction are detailed to enlarge the mechanical properties data set of the 3D reinforcement, necessary for understanding its deformability capacities in forming processes. The elevated bending stiffness of the 3D fabric means that use of a blank-holder during forming is not required. The reinforcement has a good drapability and it is able to form complex shapes without defects (wrinkles and fibre distortions). The collected experimental results represent an important dataset for numerical simulations of any complex shape with the considered 3D fabric composite reinforcement.
ディープ・アクティブラーニング : 大学授業を深化させるために (2015)

第１部 ディープ・アクティブラーニングの理論的基盤（アクティブラーニングの現在—アクティブラーニング論から見たディープ・アクティブラーニング；学生の関与の重要性—関与の条件‐大学授業への学生の関与を理解し促すということ；学習対象へのフォーカス—学習の教授学理論に向けて；協同学習と学生の成長—協同による活動性の高い授業づくり‐深い変化成長を実感できる授業をめざして） 第２部 さまざまなフィールドでの試み（初修物理学—理解か、暗記か？‐私たちは正しいことを教えているのか；哲学—コンセプトマップを使った深い学習‐哲学系入門科目での試み；教員養成—意味のある学習を意識した授業デザイン‐教師としての素養を学び磨くというストーリー；歯学—教室と現場をつなぐＰＢＬ‐学習としての評価を中心に；リーダーシップ教育—新しいリーダーシップ教育とディープ・アクティブラーニング）
PRoMoTo 2013 proceedings (2013)

Programming for Mobile and Touch (PRoMoTo'13) was held at the 2013 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Systems, Programming, Languages and Applications (SPLASH 2013), October 2013 in Indianapolis, USA. Submissions for this event were invited in the general area of mobile and touch-oriented programming languages and programming environments, and teaching of programming for mobile devices. These are proceedings of the PRoMoTo'13.
Laboratory Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) Cedecei for Sympatric and Allopatric Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Viruses (1986)

Laboratory vector competence of Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei was examined for Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses. Colonized adult female mosquitoes originating from a southern Florida population were given bloodmeals from viremic hamsters circulating various titers of 3 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) subtypes of VEE viruses. Following extrinsic incubation of about 3 weeks, mosquitoes were allowed to refeed on uninfected hamsters for transmission trials. Cx. cedecei was highly efficient in becoming infected with and transmitting its sympatric, HI subtype II "Everglades" virus. With bloodmeal titers of 10(0.9) chick embryo cell culture (CEC) plaque forming units (PFU), the infection rate was 9% and transmission occurred following extrinsic incubation. Infection rates were greater than or equal to 80% with oral doses of greater than or equal to 10(1.8), and all infected mosquitoes were capable of transmission following incubation. Cx. cedecei was also highly sensitive to infection with allopatric HI subtype IE Middle American VEE virus isolates. Infection rates were greater than or equal to 50% with bloodmeal titers undetectable by CEC assay. Rates were 100% with oral doses of greater than or equal to 10(0.8) CECPFU. Transmission rates were 100% in all experiments. Similar results were obtained with HI subtype IAB "epizootic" VEE virus isolates from the 1969 Middle American outbreak. Infection rates were 100% with oral doses of greater than or equal to 10(1.2), and transmission rates were 100% after extrinsic incubation. Comparisons with laboratory vector competence of the Middle American enzootic VEE virus vector, Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus, are discussed.
Stereospecific synthesis of the aglycone of pseudopterosin E (1990)

Abstract
A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice (2015)

While bone has a remarkable capacity for regeneration, serious bone trauma often results in damage that does not properly heal. In fact, one tenth of all limb bone fractures fail to heal completely due to the extent of the trauma, disease, or age of the patient. Our ability to improve bone regenerative strategies is critically dependent on the ability to mimic serious bone trauma in test animals, but the generation and stabilization of large bone lesions is technically challenging. In most cases, serious long bone trauma is mimicked experimentally by establishing a defect that will not naturally heal. This is achieved by complete removal of a bone segment that is larger than 1.5 times the diameter of the bone cross-section. The bone is then stabilized with a metal implant to maintain proper orientation of the fracture edges and allow for mobility. Due to their small size and the fragility of their long bones, establishment of such lesions in mice are beyond the capabilities of most research groups. As such, long bone defect models are confined to rats and larger animals. Nevertheless, mice afford significant research advantages in that they can be genetically modified and bred as immune-compromised strains that do not reject human cells and tissue. Herein, we demonstrate a technique that facilitates the generation of a segmental defect in mouse femora using standard laboratory and veterinary equipment. With practice, fabrication of the fixation device and surgical implantation is feasible for the majority of trained veterinarians and animal research personnel. Using example data, we also provide methodologies for the quantitative analysis of bone healing for the model.
Single-layer resonant leaky-mode polarizers at 1.55 μm (2005)

Resonant leaky modes in periodic photonic lattices are applied to design polarizers using a single patterned layer of silicon. Example designs show that a high degree of polarization is achievable over sizable spectral bands.
Synthesis of 4,6-Diaryl-2-cyanoiminopiperidines from<i>N</i>-Cyanocinnamamidines (1988)

N-Cyanocinnamamidines 2 prepared from thiourea and 3-arylpropenenitriles 1 react with different benzylidene compounds providing a new and simple method for the synthesis of 4,6-diaryl-2-cyanoiminopiperidines 6 and 7.
Industrial Microreactor Process Development up to Production (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Mission Statement from Industry on Impact and Hurdles Screening Studies in Laboratory Process Development at Laboratory Scale Pilots Plants and Production Challenges and Concerns References
Purification and Wnt-Inhibitory Activities of Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins (2008)

Recombinant expression of secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) in mammalian expression systems is a convenient source of these proteins for biological studies. Yields of protein vary; screening of clonal lines for high expression is usually worthwhile. Heparin affinity chromatography is an easy step that provides a major enrichment, particularly for sFRP-1 and sFRP-2. Alternatively, sFRP derivatives tagged with poly-histidine at their carboxyl termini are functional and can be readily isolated by chelating chromatography. Once purified, the proteins are stable indefinitely if stored frozen and they tolerate multiple rounds of freeze-thawing. Pre-incubation of Wnt samples with sFRP protein for 30 min at 37 degrees C is sufficient to inhibit Wnt activity in various assays. The concentration of sFRP required to block Wnt signaling should be determined empirically, as it will vary with the Wnt preparation and cellular context.
Synthesis of C<sub>2</sub>‐Symmetric trans‐2,6‐Diarylpiperidinones via Aryl Cuprate Addition: An Unexpected Stereochemical Outcome. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enhanced Mesostructural Order and Changes to Optical and Electrochemical Properties Induced by the Addition of Cerium(III) to Mesoporous Titania Thin Films. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High articular levels of the angiogenetic factors VEGF and VEGF-receptor 2 as tissue healing biomarkers after single bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. (2011)

Various factors may account for the positive association between meniscal repair and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, one being the modulation of healing response of meniscal fibrochondrocytes by growth factors released with intra-articular bleeding and fibrin clot formation. Analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, may be useful in the clinical assessment of bone and soft-tissue remodeling. We measured systemic and local levels of VEGF (VEGF165), VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 after either arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) or single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in order to determine the local effect of bone tunnelling and notchplasty on the release of these growth factors. The study population included 40 patients: 20 consecutive patients had undergone ACLR with hamstring grafts and 20 had undergone APM. Thirty minutes after the end of the operation, knee joint fluid samples were collected via the drainage tube and at the same time venous blood samples were drawn. In both sets of samples, VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant differences in VEGF, VEGFR1 or VEGFR2 concentrations in the venous blood were observed between the two treatment groups. In contrast, VEGF and VEGFR2 levels were significantly higher in the knee joint fluid of the ACLR group; furthermore, VEGF and VEGFR1 were significantly higher in the knee joint fluid than in the venous blood, whereas VEGFR2 was lower in the knee joint fluid than in the venous blood. Local release of VEGF and its angiogenetic receptor VEGFR2, but not the negative regulator VEGFR1, was significantly higher after ACLR than after APM, indicating a better vasculogenic potential for enhanced bone-graft and meniscus healing. These results could suggest that VEGF and VEGFRs could be considered as good biomarkers of tissue healing after knee joint surgery.
Emission Characteristics of a Premixed Cyclic-Periodical-Mixing Combustor Operated With Hydrogen-Natural Gas Fuel Mixtures (2009)

The concept of the cyclic periodical mixing combustion process (Kalb, and Sattelmayer, 2004, “Lean Blowout Limit and NOx-Production of a Premixed Sub-ppm-NOx Burner With Periodic Flue Gas Recirculation,” Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2004, Paper No. GT2004-53410; Kalb, and Sattelmayer, 2006, “Lean Blowout Limit and NOx-Production of a Premixed Sub-ppm-NOx Burner With Periodic Recirculation of Combustion Products,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 128(2), pp. 247–254) for the extension of the lean blowout limit had been implemented in an atmospheric experimental combustor for testing with both external perfect (Brückner-Kalb, Hirsch, and Sattelmayer, 2006, “Operation Characteristics of a Premixed Sub-ppm NOx Burner With Periodical Recirculation of Combustion Products,” Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2006, Paper No. GT2006-90072) and technical (Brückner-Kalb, Napravnik, Hirsch, and Sattelmayer, 2007, “Development of a Fuel-Air Premixer for a Sub-ppm NOx Burner,” Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2007, Paper No. GT2007-27779) premixing of reactants. It had been tested with natural gas and has now been tested with a mixture of 70%vol of hydrogen and 30%vol of natural gas (98% CH4) as fuel. With natural gas the NOx emissions are unaffected by the limited technical premixing quality, as long as the air preheat is in the design range of the premixers (Brückner-Kalb, Napravnik, Hirsch, and Sattelmayer, 2007, “Development of a Fuel-Air Premixer for a Sub-ppm NOx Burner,” Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2007, Paper No. GT2007-27779). Then, for adiabatic flame temperatures of up to 1630 K NOx emissions are below 1 ppm(v) with CO emissions below 8 ppm(v) in the whole operation range of the test combustor (15% O2, dry). With the “70%volH2−30%volCH4” mixture the NOx emissions increase by nearly one order of magnitude. Then, NOx emissions below 7 ppm(v) (15% O2, dry) are achieved for adiabatic flame temperatures of up to 1600 K. They approach the 1 ppm(v) level only for flame temperatures below 1450 K. CO emissions are below 4 ppm(v). The reason for the increase in the NOx emissions is the higher reactivity of the mixture, which leads to earlier ignition in zones of still elevated unmixedness of reactants near the premixer-injector exits. This effect was investigated by chemical reactor network simulations analyzing a pressure effect and an additional chemical effect of hydrogen combustion on NOx formation.
Vision-based effective dispersion of miniature robots by using local sensing (2009)

This paper introduces a vision-based algorithm for effectively dispersing multiple robots to accomplish search or surveillance missions by using local sensing information. A marsupial system can deliver several small robots, and small robots are useful for strategically placing themselves in areas of interest. The issue in this marsupial system approach is how to effectively deploy multiple robots to cover the whole task area. To accomplish this goal a marsupial system equipped with multiple miniature robots first drives into the center of the task area, and unloads them in order. Several experimental results will be presented from using the Loper, Adelopod, Saddlepack, and Explorer robotic platforms developed at the University of Minnesota.
Perceptual Expertise (2009)

This book surveys the study of perceptual expertise in visual object recognition, introducing a variety of questions, research findings, and extant issues that have emerged from recent studies of face, object, and letter recognition. The book also discusses a novel collaborative model, codified as the “Perceptual Expertise Network.” The central idea of this group effort is an emphasis on domain-general principles of high-level visual learning that can account for how different object categories are processed and come to be associated with spatially localized activity in the primate brain. The approach brings together different traditions and techniques critical to cognitive neuroscience, such as psychophysics, human brain imaging, monkey physiology, developmental work, neuropsychological studies, and computational modeling. In 12 chapters, members of the Perceptual Expertise Network and their collaborators review how face perception motivated the study of perceptual expertise with objects, how face expertise develops in children, how different kinds of experience result in different degrees of expertise, and how perceptual expertise can break down in individuals with autism or different forms of deficits in perception. They describe advances and challenges in developing models to account for expertise, including the need to account for competition between different domains of expertise and to specify the functional locus of effects of expertise. They introduce more recent directions in the study of expertise, including research on expertise with letters and research investigating the interactions between perception and conception. Finally, they discuss the difficulties in relating high-level perceptual impairments and brain-based evidence to normal performance.
Alumina ceramic 10 in flotation spheres for deep submergence ROV/AUV systems (2005)

A casting process for ceramic spherical flotation units with nominal 10 in OD has been developed by Custom Ceramic Technology utilizing 99.9 percent Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ for operation on an ROV/AUV in all ocean depths. With their 0.42 weight to displacement ratio, they provide more lift per pound of their dead weight in air than syntactic foams for 36,000 ft (11,000 m) depths. With their critical implosion pressure of /spl ges/37,000 psi (255 MPa) they provide a margin of safety >2 for operation at 36,000 ft (11,000 m), >4 at 20,000 ft (6097 m) and >8 at 10,000 ft (3,048 m). Because of their high margin of safety at depths /spl les/20,000 ft they are also acceptable for service on manned submersibles at depths /spl les/20,000 ft (6097 m).
Paradoxical role of programmed death‐1 ligand 2 in Th2 immune responses <i>in vitro</i> and in a mouse asthma model <i>in vivo</i> (2004)

Programmed death-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) is a ligand for programmed death-1 (PD-1), a receptor that plays an inhibitory role in T cell activation. Since previous studies have shown up-regulation of PD-L2 expression by Th2 cytokines, and asthma is driven by a Th2 response, we hypothesized that PD-L2 might be involved in regulation of the immune response in this disease. We have found that lungs from asthmatic mice had sustained up-regulation of PD-1 and PD-L2, with PD-L2 primarily on dendritic cells. Although addition of PD-L2-Fc in vitro led to decreased T cell proliferation and cytokine production, administration of PD-L2-Fc in vivo in a mouse asthma model resulted in elevated serum IgE levels, increased eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, higher number of cells in the draining lymph nodes, and production of IL-5 and IL-13 from these cells. Although PD-1 was expressed on regulatory T cells, PD-L2-Fc did not affect regulatory T cell activity in vitro. This study provides in vivo evidence of an exacerbated inflammatory response following PD-L2-Fc administration and indicates a potential role for this molecule in Th2-mediated diseases such as asthma.
Charge‐induced electromagnetic resonances in nanoparticles (2015)

Electromagnetic theories have reproduced the scattering properties of differently shaped particles and successfully been used to characterize numerous systems. However, certain anomalous features remain unexplained that include enhanced extinction when particles are much smaller than the wavelength. Here we explain these features exploiting recent research in electromagnetic scattering theories that suggests incorporating the effect of particle charge results in new physical outcomes that deviate appreciably from what is predicted by electromagnetic interaction from uncharged systems. For electrically charged particles, the resonant excitation of surface modes is governed by excess charges deposited on the particle surface. Charge effects become large when particles are small compared to the incident wavelength, and we show that the electrostatic approximation is not valid for modelling the electromagnetic interaction from such particles. Charge‐induced resonances appear in such systems that can reproduce previously unexplained phenomena, for instance, amplified microwave attenuation observed in sandstorms. image
4C-1 Empirical Validation of the Theoretical Frameworks Underlying Ultrasound Scattering in Tissue (2007)

Scatterer properties have been related to ultrasonic spectral parameters using theoretical frameworks first established by Lizzi et al. This study aims to validate these frameworks directly by means of experiments designed to reduce the reliance on specific assumptions. Two transducers with center frequencies of 24 MHz and 21.5 MHz and f-numbers of 2 and 5 respectively, were used to scan different concentrations of dextran gel beads in suspension. Backscattered radio-frequency (RF) data were processed using standard Fourier methods, and the spectral parameters computed from these data were compared with parameter values predicted by the Lizzi framework. The slope parameter values computed from data acquired with the two transducers were similar, suggesting that the slope may be less sensitive to transducer properties than suggested by the theory. The midband and intercept parameter values increased with increasing concentration of gel beads in both cases, as expected.
Extracellular Matrix-regulated Gene Expression Requires Cooperation of SWI/SNF and Transcription Factors (2007)

Extracellular cues play crucial roles in the transcriptional regulation of tissue-specific genes, but whether and how these signals lead to chromatin remodeling is not understood and subject to debate. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and mammary-specific genes as models, we show here that extracellular matrix molecules and prolactin cooperate to induce histone acetylation and binding of transcription factors and the SWI/SNF complex to the beta- and gamma-casein promoters. Introduction of a dominant negative Brg1, an ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF complex, significantly reduced both beta- and gamma-casein expression, suggesting that SWI/SNF-dependent chromatin remodeling is required for transcription of mammary-specific genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that the ATPase activity of SWI/SNF is necessary for recruitment of RNA transcriptional machinery, but not for binding of transcription factors or for histone acetylation. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses showed that the SWI/SNF complex is associated with STAT5, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta, and glucocorticoid receptor. Thus, extracellular matrix- and prolactin-regulated transcription of the mammary-specific casein genes requires the concerted action of chromatin remodeling enzymes and transcription factors.
Optical Electronic Noses (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Optical Sensors Advantages and Disadvantages of Optical Transduction Optical Vapor Sensing Waveguides Luminescent Methods Colorimetric Methods Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Interference and Reflection-Based Methods Scanning Light-Pulse Technique The Tufts Artificial Nose Conclusion
Genomic signatures characterize leukocyte infiltration in myositis muscles (2012)

Results indicate that a likely interaction between miR-146a expression and the type 1 IFN pathway is confounded by the level of leukocyte infiltration into muscle tissue. Although the role of miR-146a in myositis remains uncertain, our results highlight the potential benefit of deconvoluting the source of transcriptional changes in myositis muscle or other heterogeneous tissue samples. Taken together, the leukocyte index and other gene signatures developed in this study may be potential molecular biomarkers to help to further characterize inflammatory myopathies and aid in clinical development. These hypotheses need to be confirmed in separate and sufficiently powered clinical trials.