gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manogepix, the Active Moiety of the Investigational Agent Fosmanogepix, Demonstrates <i>In Vitro</i> Activity against Members of the Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani Species Complexes (2021)

We evaluated the <i>in vitro</i> activity of manogepix against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i> species complex (FOSC and FSSC, respectively) isolates per CLSI document M38 broth microdilution methods. Manogepix demonstrated activity against both FOSC (MEC [minimum effective concentration] range, ≤0.015 to 0.03 μg/ml; MIC<sub>50</sub> range, ≤0.015 to 0.125 μg/ml) and FSSC (MEC, ≤0.015 μg/ml; MIC<sub>50</sub>, ≤0.015 to 0.25 μg/ml). Amphotericin B was also active (MIC, 0.25 to 4 μg/ml), whereas the triazoles (MIC, 1 to >16 μg/ml) and micafungin (MEC, ≥8 μg/ml) had limited activity.
The reverberating chamber: a useful tool to characterize the radiated power of small size RF devices (2003)

This work presents an overview of the capabilities of a small sized commercially available reverberating chamber. Evaluation is based both on experiments and numerical simulations. A number of measurements were carried out with commercial mobile phones and compared to other types of radiation measurement facilities. Taking into account the size and the various parameters of this specific type of chamber, we reach to some interesting conclusions about the usefulness of the chamber.
Insertion behavior study of multi-material self-piercing rivet joints by means of finite element simulation (2019)

Over the last few years, fuel economy improvement has driven the use of efficient multi-material structures in the car industry. The combination of dissimilar materials, such as metal-metal and metal-polymer, is a complex issue that requires the use of different and emerging joining techniques. In this context, self-pierce riveting (SPR) is an extremely suitable technique for joining two or more metal sheets, particularly when other techniques are not applicable. SPR requires short manufacturing times and provides both high strength and high fatigue resistance. Yet, this technique still faces some hurdles, such as joining Ultra High Strength Steels (UHSS) with high strength low ductility aluminum alloys, which can result in rivet cracking or aluminum button tearing. Suitable process parameters, including the rivet size and the die profile, are usually obtained through a physical testing procedure to satisfy the required joint specification. This is both expensive and time consuming. Finite element simulations of SPR are being increasingly used to reduce the number of physical tests and to estimate the tensile strength of the joint. The capability to accurately simulate aluminum to aluminum riveting has been demonstrated in recent studies. However, very few simulation studies have been conducted on the riveting of UHSS to aluminum, mainly because this type of joint is a relatively new customer demand driven by the rapid adoption of mixed material car body structures. New rivet designs have recently been developed for joining UHSS to aluminum, these rivets have increased column strength and increased stiffness to enable piercing through UHSS materials. In this study the insertion behavior of these higher strength rivets has been simulated and numerical analysis has been conducted to investigate the influence of the key process parameters on the joining result. The simulation results were compared to physical experimental results and good correlation was achieved.
Strain Rate Dependent Shear Plasticity in Graphite Oxide (2016)

Graphene oxide film is made of stacked graphene layers with chemical functionalities, and we report that plasticity in the film can be engineered by strain rate tuning. The deformation behavior and plasticity of such functionalized layered systems is dominated by shear slip between individual layers and interaction between functional groups. Stress-strain behavior and theoretical models suggest that the deformation is strongly strain rate dependent and undergoes brittle to ductile transition with decreasing strain rate.
Bone conditioning to enhance implant osseointegration: an experimental study in pigs. (2003)

It can be stated that, in the initial healing phase, an effect of topical bone conditioning may be achieved by the different described methods.
Lower critical solubility temperature materials as biofouling release agents (1998)

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) exhibits a lower critical solubility temperature (LCST) of 32C. Using thin films of this compound as a model system, the potential of 'smart polymers' as biofouling-release agents was examined. PNIPAAM-coated glass slides were incubated in artificial sea water containing the marine bacterium Halomonas marina or in natural bay water at a temperature above the LCST. Upon rinsing of the biofouled samples with artificial sea water below the LCST, the dissolution of the coating released over 90% of the attached fouling material, a significant increase over the release obtained for glass controls. These experiments demonstrate the potential of PNIPAAM and similar polymers as possible fouling-release agents, and suggest that tethered PNIPAAM (or similar polymers) may be useful as regenerable fouling-release surfaces.
Cytokinin action in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants (2018)

The phytohormone cytokinin was originally discovered as a regulator of cell division. Later, it was described to be involved in regulating numerous processes in plant growth and development including meristem activity, tissue patterning, and organ size. More recently, diverse functions for cytokinin in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses have been reported. Cytokinin is required for the defence against high light stress and to protect plants from a novel type of abiotic stress caused by an altered photoperiod. Additionally, cytokinin has a role in the response to temperature, drought, osmotic, salt, and nutrient stress. Similarly, the full response to certain plant pathogens and herbivores requires a functional cytokinin signalling pathway. Conversely, different types of stress impact cytokinin homeostasis. The diverse functions of cytokinin in responses to stress and crosstalk with other hormones are described. Its emerging roles as a priming agent and as a regulator of growth-defence trade-offs are discussed.
Business Models, Including Higher Value Products for the New Circular, Resource-Efficient Biobased Industry (2022)

The biobased business model, which initiated the era of improved use of the biological resources, upgrading resources otherwise wasted or downgraded, started with the “biomass to biofuel” biorefinery: economy by scale, requiring large investments, and stable supply of high volume, low-cost feedstock. A high-profiled business model for pioneering biorefineries was a joint venture, often formed by two already mature businesses, joining two sets of competence, skills, and experience; with opportunity for later merger or acquisition. The biofuel biorefinery was challenged from two sides, its commercial viability (caused by a low-priced end product) and sustainability issues, as it utilizes only the energy content and not the biomass structures. A new era of biobased industries was started, focusing on unlocking the full potential of biomass, by cascading optimized valorization of all (or at least more parts of) the biomass components. This dual objective, opens a spectrum of new types of bioeconomy business models, suitable for more complex biobased industries, including higher-value products in the biobased portfolio, being more complex, handling several more process steps and streams, and producing several types of biobased products. Five examples of such business models are described: (1) Biobased industry, upgrading in-house production sidestreams. (2) Biomass-specialized biorefinery. (3) Cooperatively owned biobased valorization of crop residues and processing sidestreams. (4) Industry clusters as the preferred biobased business model. (5) Local public/private consortium-owned production of biobased products. Furthermore, foresight analysis is presented on possible new business models, suitable for the expected wide variety of new types of biobased industries.
Enhanced sensitivity to inhibition of SHP2, STAT5, and Gab2 expression in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (2005)

Although targeting the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity by imatinib mesylate has rapidly become first-line therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), drug resistance suggests that combination therapy directed to a complementing target may significantly improve treatment results. To identify such potential targets, we used lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) as a tool for functional genomics in cell lines as well as primary normal and CML CD34+ cells. In a conditional cell culture model, we demonstrate that RNAi-mediated reduction of SHP2, STAT5, and Gab2 protein expression inhibits BCR-ABL-dependent but not cytokine-dependent proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, colony formation of purified primary CML but not of normal CD34+ colony-forming cells is specifically reduced by inhibition of SHP2, STAT5, and Gab2 expression, respectively. In addition, coexpression of both anti-BCR-ABL and anti-SHP2 shRNAs from a single lentiviral vector induces stronger inhibition of colony formation as compared to either shRNA alone. The data indicate that BCR-ABL expression may affect the function of normal signaling molecules. Targeting these molecules may harbor significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of patients with CML.
ICA69 regulates activity-dependent synaptic strengthening and learning and memory (2023)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is one of the major cellular mechanisms for learning and memory. Activity-dependent increases in surface AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are important for enhanced synaptic efficacy during LTP. Here, we report a novel function of a secretory trafficking protein, ICA69, in AMPAR trafficking, synaptic plasticity, and animal cognition. ICA69 is first identified as a diabetes-associated protein well characterized for its function in the biogenesis of secretory vesicles and trafficking of insulin from ER, Golgi to post-Golgi in pancreatic beta cells. In the brain, ICA69 is found in the AMPAR protein complex through its interaction with PICK1, which binds directly to GluA2 or GluA3 AMPAR subunits. Here, we showed that ICA69 regulates PICK1's distribution in neurons and stability in the mouse hippocampus, which in turn can impact AMPAR function in the brain. Biochemical analysis of postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins from hippocampi of mice lacking ICA69 (<i>Ica1</i> knockout) and their wild-type littermates revealed comparable AMPAR protein levels. Electrophysiological recording and morphological analysis of CA1 pyramidal neurons from <i>Ica1</i> knockout also showed normal AMPAR-mediated currents and dendrite architecture, indicating that ICA69 does not regulate synaptic AMPAR function and neuron morphology at the basal state. However, genetic deletion of ICA69 in mice selectively impairs NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTP but not LTD at Schaffer collateral to CA1 synapses, which correlates with behavioral deficits in tests of spatial and associative learning and memory. Together, we identified a critical and selective role of ICA69 in LTP, linking ICA69-mediated synaptic strengthening to hippocampus-dependent learning and memory.
TPV energy conversion: a review of material and cell related issues (2002)

This paper presents an overview of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion using low band gap semiconductor photovoltaic cells. Physics of PN junctions related to TPV cells is described and the factors that affect overall cell efficiencies are outlined. Current status of bulk and epitaxial growth of TPV materials and cell fabrication issues are also described.
Real-Time Corrosion Monitoring in a Process Stream of a Chemical Plant Using Coupled Multielectrode Array Sensors (2004)

Abstract Coupled multielectrode array sensors made of Type 316L stainless steel, AL6XN and Alloy C-276 alloys were used as real time-sensors to monitor localized corrosion in a side loop of a process stream in a chemical plant. The pitting corrosion rates measured from the probes made of stainless steel and nickel-chromium alloys are consistent with the pitting resistance equivalent numbers of the alloys and with the plant experience. The pitting rate obtained from the long-term measurement is in good agreement with the actual corrosion rate obtained from the posttest surface examination of the probes.
Engineering of Metabolic Pathways by Artificial Enzyme Channels (2015)

Application of industrial enzymes for production of valuable chemical compounds has greatly benefited from recent developments in Systems and Synthetic Biology. Both, in vivo and in vitro systems have been established, allowing conversion of simple into complex compounds. Metabolic engineering in living cells needs to be balanced which is achieved by controlling gene expression levels, translation, scaffolding, compartmentation, and flux control. In vitro applications are often hampered by limited protein stability/half-life and insufficient rates of substrate conversion. To improve stability and catalytic activity, proteins are post-translationally modified and arranged in artificial metabolic channels. Within the review article, we will first discuss the supramolecular organization of enzymes in living systems and second summarize current and future approaches to design artificial metabolic channels by additive manufacturing for the efficient production of desired products.
Increased frequency of anti-Ma2 encephalitis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019)

We show a clear association between ICI use and increased diagnosis of Ma2-PNS. Physicians need to be aware that ICIs can trigger Ma2-PNS because clinical presentation can be challenging.
Motion planning for steerable needles in 3D environments with obstacles using rapidly-exploring Random Trees and backchaining (2008)

Steerable needles composed of a highly flexible material and with a bevel tip offer greater mobility compared to rigid needles for minimally invasive medical procedures. In this paper, we apply sampling-based motion planning technique to explore motion planning for the steerable bevel-tip needle in 3D environments with obstacles. Based on the Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRTs) method, we develop a motion planner to quickly build a tree to search the configuration space using a new exploring strategy, which generates new states using randomly sampled control space instead of the deterministically sampled one used in classic RRTs. Notice the fact that feasible paths might not be found for any given entry point and target configuration, we also address the feasible entry point planning problem to find feasible entry points in a specified entry zone for any given target configuration. To solve this problem, we developed a motion planning algorithm based on RRTs with backchaining, which grow backward from the target to explore the configuration space. Finally, simulation results with a approximated realistic prostate needle insertion environment demonstrate the performance of the proposed motion planner.
Biotransformation by human intestinal flora and absorption-transportation characteristic in a model of Caco-2 cell monolayer of d-corydaline and tetrahydropalmatine (2013)

Both CDL and THP may be stable in the human intestinal flora incubation system, and their absorption and transportation in the human Caco-2 cell monolayer model are mainly via passive diffusion mechanism.
Bragg soliton compression and fission on a CMOS-compatible platform (2019)

Higher-order soliton dynamics, specifically soliton compression and fission, underpin crucial applications in ultrafast optics, sensing, communications, and signal processing. Bragg solitons exploit the strong dispersive properties of periodic media near the photonic band edge, enabling soliton dynamics to occur on chip-scale propagation distances and opening avenues to harness soliton compression and fission in integrated photonic platforms. However, implementation in CMOS-compatible platforms has been hindered by the strong nonlinear loss that dominates the propagation of high-intensity pulses in silicon and the low-optical nonlinearity of traditional silicon nitride. Here, we present CMOS-compatible, on-chip Bragg solitons, with the largest soliton-effect pulse compression to date with a factor of x5.7, along with the first time-resolved measurements of soliton fission on a CMOS-compatible platform. These observations were enabled by the combination of unique cladding-modulated Bragg grating design, the high nonlinearity and negligible nonlinear loss of compositionally engineered ultra-silicon-rich nitride (USRN: Si7N3).
Human-human physical interaction in the joint control of an underactuated virtual object (2014)

Human-human physical interaction has proven to be advantageous especially in contexts with high coordination requirements. But under which conditions can haptic communication bring to performance benefits in a challenging cooperative environment? In this work we investigate which are the dynamics that intervene when two subjects are required to switch from a bimanual to a dyadic configuration in order to solve a complex reaching and stabilization task of a virtual tool in the presence of an unstable dynamics. Results show that dyadic cooperation can improve the performance respect to the individual condition, while minimizing the effort. However, in the joint task, when the stiffness of the system becomes harder to manipulate the feedback delays appear to be critical in determining the maximum achievable level of performance.
AnswerSumm: A Manually-Curated Dataset and Pipeline for Answer Summarization (2022)

Alexander Fabbri, Xiaojian Wu, Srini Iyer, Haoran Li, Mona Diab. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2022.
DEFORMATION OF SURFACE NETS FOR INTERACTIVE SEGMENTATION OF TOMOGRAPHIC DATA (2000)

Article DEFORMATION OF SURFACE NETS FOR INTERACTIVE SEGMENTATION OF TOMOGRAPHIC DATA was published on January 1, 2000 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 45, issue s1).
See through Gradients: Image Batch Recovery via GradInversion (2021)

Training deep neural networks requires gradient estimation from data batches to update parameters. Gradients per parameter are averaged over a set of data and this has been presumed to be safe for privacy-preserving training in joint, collaborative, and federated learning applications. Prior work only showed the possibility of recovering input data given gradients under very restrictive conditions – a single input point, or a network with no non-linearities, or a small 32 × 32 px input batch. Therefore, averaging gradients over larger batches was thought to be safe. In this work, we introduce GradInversion, using which input images from a larger batch (8 – 48 images) can also be recovered for large networks such as ResNets (50 layers), on complex datasets such as ImageNet (1000 classes, 224 × 224 px). We formulate an optimization task that converts random noise into natural images, matching gradients while regularizing image fidelity. We also propose an algorithm for target class label recovery given gradients. We further propose a group consistency regularization framework, where multiple agents starting from different random seeds work together to find an enhanced reconstruction of the original data batch. We show that gradients encode a surprisingly large amount of information, such that all the individual images can be recovered with high fidelity via GradInversion, even for complex datasets, deep networks, and large batch sizes.
On the Degrees of Freedom of the Symmetric Multi-Relay MIMO Y Channel (2017)

In this paper, we study the degrees of freedom (DoF) of the symmetric multi-relay multiple-input multiple-output Y channel, where three user nodes, each with M antennas, communicate via K geographically separated relay nodes, each with N antennas. For this model, we establish a general DoF achievability framework based on linear precoding and post-processing methods. The framework poses a nonlinear problem with respect to user precoders, user post-processors, and relay precoders. To solve this problem, we adopt an uplink-downlink asymmetric strategy, where the user precoders are designed for signal alignment and the user post-processors are used for interference neutralization. With the user precoder and post-processor designs fixed as such, the original problem then reduces to a problem of relay precoder design. To address the solvability of the system, we propose a general method for solving matrix equations. Together with the techniques of antenna disablement and symbol extension, an achievable DoF of the considered model is derived for an arbitrary setup of (K, M, N). We show that for K ≥ 2, the optimal DoF is achieved for (M/N) ∈ [0, max{(√(3K/3)), 1}) ∪ [((3K + (9K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> - 12K) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> )/6), ∞). We also show that the uplink-downlink asymmetric design proposed in this paper considerably outperforms the conventional approach based on uplink-downlink symmetry.
Time-scale modification of audio signals using multi-relative onset time estimations in sinusoidal transform coding (2010)

The traditional sinusoidal transform coder (STC) was originally developed for analysis, synthesis, and modification of speech and other non-polyphonic audio signals. In this paper, a novel method of time-scale modification for polyphonic and multi-pitch audio signals based on STC is proposed. The proposed method does not require a pitch estimation, and as such, it enables STC based algorithms to perform modifications on polyphonic audio signals. The frequency jitter artifacts in the traditional STC are mostly due to the inaccurate onset time estimates measured by pitch periods. The proposed method eliminates the frequency jitter artifacts significantly by using multi-onset time estimations.
Fecal /sup 13/C analysis for the detection and quantitation of intestinal malabsorption (1981)

The use of /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ breath tests and fecal analyses for the detection and quantitation of intestinal malabsorption has been extensively documented in adult subjects. The use of stable isotopes has extended the range of breath test applications to include pediatric and obstetric subjects. Here we report a fecal /sup 13/C analysis that can be used in conjunction with /sup 13/CO/sub 2/ breath tests. Twenty-four-hour fecal samples were collected before and after the administration of a labeled substrate. The samples were homogenized and combusted to CO/sub 2/, and the /sup 13/C abundance was determined by high-precision, differential isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The isotopic variation between successive 24 hr fecal samples was 0.6 per thousand (0.0006 atom percent). This variation limited the sensitivity of the fecal analysis to 13 ..mu..mol of /sup 13/C label per mole of fecal carbon. Simultaneous cholyglycine /sup 13/CO/sub 2/ breath tests and fecal assays were performed in five children. One child with bacterial overgrowth had an abnormal breath test and a normal fecal test. Of three children with ileal dysfunction, only one had an abnormal breath test, whereas the fecal test was abnormal in all three. Both the breath test and fecal test were abnormalmore » for a child who had undergone an ileal resection. Both tests were normal for a child with ulcerative colitis.« less
The optimal dose of disease-specific antibodies for post-exposure prophylaxis of measles and rubella in Australia: new guidelines recommended (2018)

The recommended dose of intramuscular polyvalent immune globulin should be increased following measles exposure and decreased following rubella exposure for recommended subgroups. These models may be adapted for use internationally.