gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group (2008)

Diagnosis and management of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) remain largely dependent on clinical expertise and observations more than on evidence derived from clinical trials of high scientific quality. One major obstacle to the implementation of such studies and in producing reliable meta-analyses of existing data is a lack of consensus on standardized critical definitions, outcome criteria, and terminology. Moreover, the demand for comparative clinical trials has dramatically increased since the introduction of new classes of therapeutic agents, such as thrombopoietin receptor agonists, and innovative treatment modalities, such as anti-CD 20 antibodies. To overcome the present heterogeneity, an International Working Group of recognized expert clinicians convened a 2-day structured meeting (the Vicenza Consensus Conference) to define standard terminology and definitions for primary ITP and its different phases and criteria for the grading of severity, and clinically meaningful outcomes and response. These consensus criteria and definitions could be used by investigational clinical trials or cohort studies. Adoption of these recommendations would serve to improve communication among investigators, to enhance comparability among clinical trials, to facilitate meta-analyses and development of therapeutic guidelines, and to provide a standardized framework for regulatory agencies.
A long-acting anti–IL-8 antibody improves inflammation and fibrosis in endometriosis (2023)

Current pharmacological treatments for endometriosis are limited to hormonal agents that can relieve pain but cannot cure the disease. Therefore, the development of a disease-modifying drug for endometriosis is an unmet medical need. By studying human endometriotic samples, we found that the progression of endometriosis was associated with the development of inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, IL-8 expression was highly up-regulated in endometriotic tissues and closely correlated with disease progression. We created a long-acting recycling antibody against IL-8 (AMY109) and evaluated its clinical potency. Because rodents do not produce IL-8 and do not experience menstruation, we analyzed the lesions in cynomolgus monkeys that spontaneously developed endometriosis and in a surgically induced endometriosis monkey model. Both spontaneously developed and surgically induced endometriotic lesions demonstrated pathophysiology that was highly similar to that of human endometriosis. Once-a-month subcutaneous injection of AMY109 to monkeys with surgically induced endometriosis reduced the volume of nodular lesions, lowered the Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine score as modified for monkeys, and ameliorated fibrosis and adhesions. In addition, experiments using cells derived from human endometriosis revealed that AMY109 inhibited the recruitment of neutrophils to endometriotic lesions and the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 from neutrophils. Thus, AMY109 may represent a disease-modifying therapy for patients with endometriosis.
Utilisation de derives phosphores chiraux en synthese asymetrique (1996)

Les acides phosphoniques ou les phosphonates chiraux sont des composes qui peuvent presenter une activite biologique interessante. Afin de controler la stereochimie de ces derives phosphores, nous avons choisi, comme copules chirales, des phosphonamides fonctionnalises avec des diamines chirales a axe de symetrie c#2 et nous les avons utilise en synthese asymetrique. Nous avons tout d'abord etudie la reactivite des -lithio -chloro methylphosphonamides chiraux avec les cetones, les aldehydes et les imines. Nous avons ainsi pu obtenir, avec en general une bonne diastereoselectivite en et en du phosphore, des -chloro -hydroxy phosphonamides chiraux, des -epoxy phosphonamides chiraux et des -aziridinyl phosphonamides chiraux. Les -epoxy -aryl phosphonamides ont ete d'interessants precurseurs pour la synthese d'acides phosphoniques -hydroxyles chiraux. L'utilisation des -allyloxy methylphosphonamides dans la reaction de wittig 2,3 nous a permis egalement d'acceder a des phosphonamides -hydroxyles avec une tres bonne diastereoselectivite. Nous avons montre egalement que les phosphonamides chiraux pouvaient etre de bons inducteurs de chiralite dans la synthese de butyrolactones et d'amino-alcools chiraux. Enfin, nous avons etudie la reaction de diels-alder et de pauson-khand en utilisant comme precedemment des phosphonamides chiraux comme inducteur de chiralite.
Correction: Critical Role of Transient Activity of MT1-MMP for ECM Degradation in Invadopodia (2013)

Focal degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is the first step in the invasion of cancer cells. MT1-MMP is a potent membrane proteinase employed by aggressive cancer cells. In our previous study, we reported that MT1-MMP was preferentially located at membrane protrusions called invadopodia, where MT1-MMP underwent quick turnover. Our computer simulation and experiments showed that this quick turnover was essential for the degradation of ECM at invadopodia (Hoshino, D., et al., (2012) PLoS Comp. Biol., 8: e1002479). Here we report on characterization and analysis of the ECM-degrading activity of MT1-MMP, aiming at elucidating a possible reason for its repetitive insertion in the ECM degradation. First, in our computational model, we found a very narrow transient peak in the activity of MT1-MMP followed by steady state activity. This transient activity was due to the inhibition by TIMP-2, and the steady state activity of MT1-MMP decreased dramatically at higher TIMP-2 concentrations. Second, we evaluated the role of the narrow transient activity in the ECM degradation. When the transient activity was forcibly suppressed in computer simulations, the ECM degradation was heavily suppressed, indicating the essential role of this transient peak in the ECM degradation. Third, we compared continuous and pulsatile turnover of MT1-MMP in the ECM degradation at invadopodia. The pulsatile insertion showed basically consistent results with the continuous insertion in the ECM degradation, and the ECM degrading efficacy depended heavily on the transient activity of MT1-MMP in both models. Unexpectedly, however, low-frequency/highconcentration insertion of MT1-MMP was more effective in ECM degradation than high-frequency/low-concentration pulsatile insertion even if the time-averaged amount of inserted MT1-MMP was the same. The present analysis and characterization of ECM degradation by MT1-MMP together with our previous report indicate a dynamic nature of MT1-MMP at invadopodia and the importance of its transient peak in the degradation of the ECM.
The c-kit Ligand Stem Cell Factor and Anti-IgE Promote Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Human Lung Mast Cells (1997)

Recent data suggest that mast cells (MC) are involved in the regulation of leukocyte accumulation in inflammatory reactions. In this study, expression of leukocyte-chemotactic peptides (chemokines) in purified human lung MC (n = 16) and a human mast cell line, HMC-1, was analyzed. Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed baseline expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 mRNA in unstimulated MC. Exposure of MC to recombinant stem cell factor (rhSCF, 100 ng/mL) or anti-IgE (10 μg/mL) was followed by a substantial increase in expression of MCP-1 mRNA. Neither unstimulated nor stem cell factor (SCF )-stimulated lung MC expressed transcripts for interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, or RANTES by Northern blotting. The mast cell line HMC-1, which contains a mutated and intrinsically activated SCF-receptor, was found to express high levels of MCP-1 mRNA in a constitutive manner. Exposure of HMC-1 cells to rhSCF resulted in upregulation of MCP-1 mRNA expression, and de novo expression of MIP-1β mRNA. The SCF-induced upregulation of MCP-1 mRNA in lung MC and HMC-1 was accompanied by an increase in immunologically detectable MCP-1 in cell supernatants (sup) (lung MC [&lt;98%], control medium, 1 hour: 159 ± 27 v SCF, 100 ng/mL, 1 hour: 398 ± 46 pg/mL/106 cells; HMC-1: control, 1 hour: 894 ± 116 v SCF, 1 hour: 1,536 ± 265 pg/mL/106). IgE-dependent activation was also followed by MCP-1 release from MC. MC-sup and HMC-1–sup induced chemotaxis in blood monocytes (Mo) (control: 100% ± 12% v 2-hour–MC-sup: 463% ± 38% v HMC-1–sup: 532% ± 12%), and a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to MCP-1 (but not MoAb to IL-8) inhibited Mo-chemotaxis induced by MC-sup or HMC-1–sup (39% to 55% inhibition, P &lt; .05). In summary, our study identifies MCP-1 as the predominant CC-chemokine produced and released in human lung MC. MCP-1 may be a crucial mediator in inflammatory reactions associated with MC activation and accumulation of MCP-1–responsive leukocytes.
Online Signature Verification System for Kaisyo Script Based on Structured Learning and Segmentation of HMM (2011)

This paper presents a new Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for the online signature verification of oriental characters such as Japanese and Chinese. These oriental characters usually consist of many individual strokes such as dots and straight lines. Taking into account of this characteristic, a new HMM is proposed, which is composed of many sub-models each of which corresponds to an individual stroke. In addition, the &lsquo;pen-up&rsquo; state which represents the movement between strokes is explicitly introduced. Then, a parameter re-estimation scheme for this special class of HMM is derived exploiting the structure of the proposed HMM. Thanks to the structured learning mechanism, the proposed HMM not only can drastically reduce the computational time necessary for the learning process but also shows higher recognition performance for the rejection of the skilled forgery. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by comparing it with conventional models.
Clinical Validation of New Pacing‐Sensing Configurations for Atrial Automatic Capture Verification in Pacemakers (2001)

AER can be reliably detected using independent pacing (Atip-Can) and sensing (Aring-Vtip or Aring-Indiff) electrodes. Therefore, atrial automatic capture verification by AER detection is feasible.
Superconducting characteristics of a planar-type HoBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> −La1.5Ba1.5Cu3O7−<i>y</i>−HoBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> junction (1991)

A planar-type junction of HoBa2Cu3O7−x−La1.5Ba1.5Cu3O7−y −HoBa2Cu3O7−x having an electrode spacing as small as 0.1 μm is fabricated and its electrical characteristics are measured. Supercurrent through the La1.5Ba1.5Cu3O7−y layer is detected up to the temperature of 69 K. A superconducting region extends from the YBa2Cu3O7−x electrodes into a normal La1.5Ba1.5Cu3O7−y layer with a submicrometer scale. The superconducting decay length is 65 nm, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the value calculated from the conventional proximity theory.
Supplementary Figure 11 from Clinicopathologic, Genomic, and Immunophenotypic Landscape of &lt;i&gt;ATM&lt;/i&gt; Mutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 11. Overall survival since the date of initial diagnosis among patients with stage IV NSCLC according to ATM mutation status.&lt;/p&gt;
Robot Evidence Grids. (1996)

Introduction 1 The evidence grid representation was formulated at the CMU Mobile Robot Laboratory in 1983 to turn wide angle range measurements from cheap mobile robot-mounted sonar sensors into detailed spatial maps. It accumulates diffuse evidence about the occupancy of a grid of small volumes of nearby space from individual sensor readings into increasingly confident and detailed maps of a robot’s surroundings.
Possible models for the earliest prebreakdown events in DC stressed hexane (2002)

Observed phenomena in liquid hexane at a point cathode include the formation of a low-density region (LDR), a chain of growing electrical pulses, a succession of light flashes, and a final disruption and termination of the process. The authors address three separate effects: the inception of the process; the growth of the low-density region, with electrical pulses and light emission; and the break-up of the low-density region. It is shown that it is possible to predict the onset, growth, pulse and light phenomena, termination of growth, and break-up of the low-density region in terms of electrical and fluid dynamical processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DocEng'2020 Time-Quality Competition on Binarizing Photographed Documents (2020)

Document image binarization is a key process in many document processing platforms. The DocEng'2020 Time-Quality Competition on Binarizing Photographed Documents assessed the performance of eight new algorithms and also 41 other "classical" algorithms. Besides the quality of the binary image, the execution time of the algorithms was assessed. The evaluation dataset is composed of 32 documents photographed using four widely-used mobile devices with the strobe flash on and off, under several different angles of capture.
Destructive Controlled Phase Gate using Linear Optics (2022)

Two nonlinear sign gates can be combined to implement a controlled-phase gate using only linear optics. We propose a destructive controlled-phase gate for single-rail target qubits requiring the use of a single nonlinear sign gate.
Object Discovery from Motion-Guided Tokens (2023)

Object discovery -- separating objects from the background without manual labels -- is a fundamental open challenge in computer vision. Previous methods struggle to go beyond clustering of low-level cues, whether handcrafted (e.g., color, texture) or learned (e.g., from auto-encoders). In this work, we augment the auto-encoder representation learning framework with two key components: motion-guidance and mid-level feature tokenization. Although both have been separately investigated, we introduce a new transformer decoder showing that their benefits can compound thanks to motion-guided vector quantization. We show that our architecture effectively leverages the synergy between motion and tokenization, improving upon the state of the art on both synthetic and real datasets. Our approach enables the emergence of interpretable object-specific mid-level features, demonstrating the benefits of motion-guidance (no labeling) and quantization (interpretability, memory efficiency).
Methodologies for Computational Studies of Quininoidal Diiminediyls:  Biradical vs Dinitrene Behavior (2000)

Density functional and post Hartree−Fock ab initio computations were carried out on the lowest singlet, triplet, and quintet states of 1,4-phenylenedinitrene, biphenyl-4,4‘-dinitrene, (E)-stilbene-4,4‘-dinitrene, and (E,E)-1,4-bis(4-nitrenophenyl)-1,3-butadiene, and (E,E,E)-1,6-bis(4-nitrenophenyl)-1,3,5-hexatriene. Near-degenerate singlet and triplet quinonoidal ground states were found for all systems using CASSCF methodology, with a slight favoring of the singlet, in accord with experimental results. The aromatic quintet dinitrene states lie much higher in energy. Restricted B3LYP hybrid density functional theory (DFT) methods give artifactually high biradical singlet state energies relative to the triplet biradical states, but unrestricted (mixed-state) B3LYP methods correctly give singlet energies that lie somewhat below the triplet state energies, as well as giving geometric results that compare well to the best CASSCF results we could achieve for these biradical states. Appropriate guidelines for selecting CASSCF versus DFT procedures in such cases are suggested in light of comparisons of computed to experimental results.
On the Sensing Mechanism in Carbon Nanotube Chemiresistors (2023)

There has been recent controversy whether the response seen in carbon nanotube (CNT) chemiresistors is associated with a change in the resistance of the individual nanotubes or changes in the resistance of the junctions. In networks with perfect nanotubes, changes in the junctions between adjacent nanotubes and junctions between the contacts and the CNTs can cause a detectable change in the resistance of the nanotube networks, while adsorption on the nanotubes has a smaller effect. The results show that the sensing mechanism of a nanotube network can change according to the defect levels of the nanotubes, which may explain the apparently contradictory results in the literature. Nanotube chemiresistors were fabricated using standard lift-off photolithography. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was utilized as a supportive coating to enhance the interaction between the single walled carbon nanotube film and the silicon substrate. Finally, a stamp technique was used to transfer homogeneous, randomly aligned CNT films to the APTES-treated silicon surface.
Fabrication of Nanoparticles Supported on Metal Oxides by PS-PVP Block Copolymer Encapsulation Method (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Durability Test Suite Optimization Based on Physics of Failure (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Dynamometer (dyno) durability testing plays a significant role in reliability and durability assessment of commercial engines. Frequently, durability test procedures are based on warranty history and corresponding component failure modes. Evolution of engine designs, operating conditions, electronic control features, and diagnostic limits have created challenges to historical-based testing approaches.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A physics-based methodology, known as Load Matrix, is described to counteract these challenges. The technique, developed by AVL, is based on damage factor models for subsystem and component failure modes (e.g. fatigue, wear, degradation, deposits) and knowledge of customer duty cycles. By correlating dyno test to field conditions in quantifiable terms, such as customer equivalent miles, more effective and efficient durability test suites and test procedures can be utilized. To this end, application of Load Matrix to a heavy-duty diesel engine is presented. When comparing to an exclusively historically based test suite, the Load Matrix approach provides a 20% reduction in dyno test hours while increasing the number of failure modes covered to the engine durability target by nearly a factor of two.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
High-Performance Steel Cost Comparison Study (2002)

In 1996, the American Iron and Steel Institute, the Office of Naval Research, and the FHWA introduced new high-performance steel (HPS) grades with superior strength, weldability, and toughness. Since then, HPS-70W has been used successfully on bridges across the country and is increasingly gaining popularity with bridge design professionals. As HPS-70W steel becomes a more viable alternative, designers are faced with two basic questions: When is HPS-70W steel economical? What are the advantages of its use? To determine the economy of HPS-70W steel, a study was conducted to compare the relative cost of steel designs using HPS-70W and conventional-grade 50W. Investigated were the conditions in which HPS-70W steel would offer economic advantages over grade 50W steel as well as its other advantages. The study considered three two-span continuous bridge arrangements with 45.75-m (150-ft), 61-m (200-ft), and 76.25-m (250-ft) span lengths. Variable bridge cross sections were considered with 2.75-m (9-ft) and 3.66-m (12-ft) girder spacing. Forty-two girder designs were developed and compared for weight and cost and submitted to fabricators across the country to obtain relative costs. From these data, cost comparisons of designs using HPS-70W steel and conventional-grade 50W steel were derived. Guidelines were also developed to aid bridge designers in evaluating the economical use of HPS-70W steel and various hybrid combinations and gain the advantages of HPS-70W steel through its efficient use in design.
Unexpected Development of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Ni/NiO Multilayers After Mild Thermal Annealing (2019)

We report on the significant enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Ni/NiO multilayers after mild annealing up to 90 min at 250 °C. Transmission electron microscopy shows that after annealing, a partial crystallization of the initially amorphous NiO layers occurs. This turns out to be the source of the anisotropy enhancement. Magnetic measurements reveal that even multilayers with Ni layers as thick as 7 nm, which in the as-deposited state showed inplane anisotropy with square hysteresis loops, show reduced in-plane remanence after thermal treatment. Hysteresis loops recorded with the field in the normal-to-film-plane direction provide evidence for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with up and down magnetic domains at remanence. A plot of effective uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant times individual Ni layer thickness as a function of individual Ni layer thickness shows a large change in the slope of the data attributed to a drastic change of volume anisotropy. Surface anisotropy showed a small decrease because of some layer roughening introduced by annealing.
Spatial landslide risk assessment in Guantanamo province, Cuba (2008)

This chapter focuses on a method for landslide susceptibility assessment, its conversion into hazard, and the combination with elements at risk data for vulnerability and risk assessment. The method is tested in Guantanamo province, one of the areas with the highest incidence of landslides in Cuba. Landslides are one of the hazard types occurring in Cuba. Local authorities have recognized the need for assessing the hazard and risk due to landslides, and incorporate these into a multi-hazard risk assessment. The provincial landslide hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment started with a detailed landslide inventory. Landslides identified as topples were considered in those areas where a number of subsequent detachment blocks could be identified without major downslope movement. Existing geological, geomorphological and soil maps were used and reclassified by reducing the number of legend units to only those that were considered relevant for landslide susceptibility assessment.
Lattice-Mismatch-Induced Oscillatory Feature Size and Its Impact on the Physical Limitation of Grain Size (2018)

Size control of nanocrystals is becoming more crucial in growing, for example, granular ferromagnetic thin films for heat-assisted magnetic recording, or self-assembled quantum dots for quantum computing. This study identifies granular patterns with surprisingly ``quantized'' feature sizes in Fe-Pt thin film grown on lattice-mismatched MgO. This arises from the periodic nature of the misfit-strain energy in such a system; island lengths that are integer multiples of the misfit dislocation period are energetically favored. These results point to synthesizing nanostructured materials with well-controlled grain size by tuning the interlayer lattice mismatch.