gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal Fluid CXCL10 as a Candidate Surrogate Marker for HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (2019)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a debilitating, progressive disease without effective treatment; therefore, development of disease modifying therapy that improves long-term functional outcomes is an unmet need for patients. However, it is virtually impossible to consider this as a primary endpoint in clinical trials owing to the prolonged disease course. Therefore, development of surrogate markers that help predict the effectiveness of new interventions is essential. Currently, several candidate surrogate markers have been identified for HAM/TSP. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) is involved in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP and was shown to correlate with disease progression. However, it remains unclear whether changes in CSF CXCL10 levels are observed in response to treatment and whether these correlate with prognosis. Here we investigated several markers, including CSF CXCL10, in this respect. Data pertaining to patient characteristics and results of motor function evaluation and CSF examination of 13 HAM/TSP patients who received steroid treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Osame motor disability scores (OMDS), 10 m walking time, and CSF levels of CXCL10, neopterin, total protein, cell counts, and anti-HTLV-1 antibody titer were compared before and after steroid therapy. Levels of all CSF markers, with the exception of cell count, were significantly decreased after treatment. Nine of the 13 patients (69.2%) showed improvement in OMDS and were considered responders. Pre-treatment CSF levels of CXCL10 and anti-HTLV-1 antibody titer in responders were higher than those in non-responders (<i>p</i> = 0.020 and <i>p</i> = 0.045, respectively). Patients who continued low-dose oral prednisolone maintenance therapy after methylprednisolone pulse therapy showed sustained improvement in OMDS and CSF CXCL10 and neopterin levels lasting for 2 years. In contrast, OMDS and the CSF marker levels in patients who discontinued treatment returned to pre-treatment levels. This rebound phenomenon was also observed in patients who discontinued oral prednisolone therapy independently of pulse therapy. Our findings suggest that CSF CXCL10 may serve as a therapy-response and therapy-predictive marker for HAM/TSP. In addition, since decrease in CSF CXCL10 level was associated with good functional prognosis, CSF CXCL10 is a potential surrogate marker for treatment of HAM/TSP.
The phonon spectrum injected by a metallic point contact : an FLN study (1990)

A metallic point contact, consisting of a tungsten whisker pressed onto a tungsten film, is used to inject high-frequency phonons into a ruby crystal kept at 1.5 K. The effective phonon temperature near the point contact is measured via the temperature dependences of the position and width of the R1 line of the Cr3+. High Spectral resolution is provided by the technique of fluorescence line narrowing. The temperatures observed range up to 300 K, demonstrating the effectiveness of the point contact as a generator of high-frequency phonons.
Duplication Xp11.22‐p14 in females: Does X‐inactivation help in assessing their significance? (2015)

In females, large duplications in Xp often lead to preferential inactivation of the aberrant X chromosome and a normal phenotype. Recently, a recurrent ∼4.5 Mb microduplication of Xp11.22-p11.23 was found in females with developmental delay/intellectual disability and other neurodevelopmental disorders (speech development disorder, epilepsy or EEG anomalies, autism spectrum disorder, or behavioral disorder). Unexpectedly, most of them showed preferential inactivation of the normal X chromosome. We describe five female patients carrying de novo Xp duplications encompassing p11.23. Patient 1 carried the recurrent microduplication Xp11.22-p11.23, her phenotype and X-chromosome inactivation (XI) pattern was consistent with previous reports. The other four patients had novel Xp duplications. Two were monozygotic twins with a similar phenotype to Patient 1 and unfavorable XI skewing carrying an overlapping ∼5 Mb duplication of Xp11.23-p11.3. Patient 4 showed a duplication of ∼5.5 Mb comparable to the twins but had a more severe phenotype and unskewed XI. Patient 5 had a ∼8.5 Mb duplication Xp11.23-p11.4 and presented with mild ID, epilepsy, behavioral problems, and inconsistent results of XI analysis. A comparison of phenotype, size and location of the duplications and XI patterns in Patients 1-5 and previously reported females with overlapping duplications provides further evidence that microduplications encompassing Xp11.23 are associated with ID and other neurodevelopmental disorders in females. To further assess the implication of XI for female carriers, we recommend systematic analysis of XI pattern in any female with X imbalances that are known or suspected to be pathogenic.
Optimal observables for practical super-resolution imaging (2021)

Recently, it has been demonstrated that demultiplexing Hermite-Gauss (HG) modes represents the quantum-optimal measurement to estimate the distance between two incoherent sources. However, it remains unclear how to practically combine the information contained into several demultiplexing measurements to reach the ultimate resolution limits. In this contribution, we show how estimators saturating the Cramér-Rao bound for the distance between two thermal point sources can be constructed from an optimised linear combination of intensity measurements in a given number of HG modes, in presence of practical imperfection such as misalignment, crosstalk and detector noise. Moreover, we demonstrate that our strategy saturates the quantum Cramér-Rao bound, in the noiseless case, if sufficiently many modes are measured.
U<sub>8</sub>Al<sub>19</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>, A Uranium Aluminide Silicide with a Stuffed Supercell Grown from Aluminum Flux (2018)

U8Al19Si6 is formed from the reaction of uranium oxide and silicon in aluminum flux. Growth of this material is dependent on the presence of surface hydroxyl groups on alumina in the crucible. The compound forms as large cuboid crystals with a complex new structure that is a cubic stuffed supercell of UAl3 (AuCu3 parent structure type). It features a 4-fold expansion of the unit cell axis and the addition of atoms on two extra positions resulting in Pm3̅n symmetry. The ordered distribution of aluminum and silicon was determined using single crystal neutron diffraction. The magnetic susceptibility shows temperature independent paramagnetic behavior, while heat capacity measurements are consistent with Fermi liquid characteristics at low temperatures where the Sommerfeld constant is enhanced in comparison to that of a conventional metal. These bulk thermodynamic properties indicate that U8Al19Si6 is an itinerant electron Pauli paramagnet with moderately enhanced mass charge carrier quasiparticles.
Joining strength of sheet molding compounds (1982)

Abstract Bonding and bolting strengths of a sheet molding compound (SMC‐R30) are investigated. Epoxy adhesives are found to give good bonding strength. Surface pretreatment does not affect bond strength. Artificial weathering has practically no effect upon bond strength. Bolting strength depends on the width of the specimen for a certain bolt size. Bolting gives stronger joints than bonding.
Seismic Reflections of Rock Properties (2014)

This book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physics-based forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock properties to seismic amplitude. Providing practical workflows, the book shows how to methodically vary lithology, porosity, rock type, and pore fluids and reservoir geometry, calculate the corresponding elastic properties, and then generate synthetic seismic traces. These synthetic traces can then be compared to actual seismic traces from the field: a similar actual seismic response implies similar rock properties in the subsurface. The book catalogs various cases, including clastic sediments, carbonates, and time-lapse seismic monitoring, and discusses the effect of attenuation on seismic reflections. It shows how to build earth models (pseudo-wells) using deterministic and statistical approaches, and includes case studies based on real well data. A vital guide for researchers and petroleum geologists, in industry and academia, providing sample catalogs of synthetic seismic reflections from a variety of realistic reservoir models.
A study of lateral collection single junction A-SI:H solar cell devices using nano-scale columnar array (2010)

Nano-scale lateral collection devices were fabricated using a-Si:H layer as the light absorber. The use of a nano-structured columnar electrode array was found to enhance power conversion efficiency by ~45%. These lateral collection devices provided higher Jsc with the use of thicker light absorber layers without the fill factor degradation suffered by planar controls.
Efficient Prediction of Alternative Splice Forms Using Protein Domain Homology (2004)

Alternative splicing can yield manifold different mature mRNAs from one precursor. New findings indicate that alternative splicing occurs much more often than previously assumed. A major goal of functional genomics lies in elucidating and characterizing the entire spectrum of alternative splice forms. Existing approaches such as EST-alignments focus only on the mRNA sequence to detect alternative splice forms. They do not consider function and characteristics of the resulting proteins. One important example of such functional characterization is homology to a known protein domain family. A powerful description of protein domains are profile Hidden Markov models (HMM) as stored in the Pfam database. In this paper we address the problem of identifying the splice form with the highest similarity to a protein domain family. Therefore, we take into consideration all possible splice forms. As demonstrated here for a number of genes, this homology based approach can be used successfully for predicting partial gene structures. Furthermore, we present some novel splice form predictions with high-scoring protein domain homology and point out that the detection of splice form specific protein domains helps to answer questions concerning hereditary diseases. Simple approaches based on a BLASTP search cannot be applied here, since the number of possible splice forms increases exponentially with the number of exons. To this end, we have developed an efficient polynomial-time algorithm, called ASFPred (Alternative Splice Form Prediction). This algorithm needs only a set of exons as input.
Predicting Resource Locations in Game Maps Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

We describe an application of neural networks to predict the placements of resources in StarCraft II maps. Networks are trained on existing maps taken from databases of maps actively used in online competitions and tested on unseen maps with resources (minerals and vespene gas) removed. This method is potentially useful for AI-assisted game design tools, allowing the suggestion of resource and base placements consonant with implicit StarCraft II design principles for fully or partially sketched heightmaps. By varying the thresholds for the placement of resources, more or fewer resources can be created consistently with the pattern of a single map. We further propose that these networks can be used to help understand the design principles of StarCraft II maps, and by extension other, similar types of game content.
cRGD-installed docetaxel-loaded mertansine prodrug micelles: redox-triggered ratiometric dual drug release and targeted synergistic treatment of B16F10 melanoma (2017)

Combinatorial chemotherapy, which has emerged as a promising treatment modality for intractable cancers, is challenged by a lack of tumor-targeting, robust and ratiometric dual drug release systems. Here, docetaxel-loaded cRGD peptide-decorated redox-activable micellar mertansine prodrug (DTX-cRGD-MMP) was developed for targeted and synergistic treatment of B16F10 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice. DTX-cRGD-MMP exhibited a small size of ca. 49 nm, high DTX and DM1 loading, low drug leakage under physiological conditions, with rapid release of both DTX and DM1 under a cytoplasmic reductive environment. Notably, MTT and flow cytometry assays showed that DTX-cRGD-MMP brought about a synergistic antitumor effect to B16F10 cancer cells, with a combination index of 0.37 and an IC<sub>50</sub> over 3- and 13-fold lower than cRGD-MMP (w/o DTX) and DTX-cRGD-Ms (w/o DM1) controls, respectively. In vivo studies revealed that DTX-cRGD-MMP had a long circulation time and a markedly improved accumulation in the B16F10 tumor compared with the non-targeting DTX-MMP control (9.15 versus 3.13% ID/g at 12 h post-injection). Interestingly, mice treated with DTX-cRGD-MMP showed almost complete growth inhibition of B16F10 melanoma, with tumor inhibition efficacy following an order of DTX-cRGD-MMP > DTX-MMP (w/o cRGD) > cRGD-MMP (w/o DTX) > DTX-cRGD-Ms (w/o DM1) > free DTX. Consequently, DTX-cRGD-MMP significantly improved the survival rates of B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice. Importantly, DTX-cRGD-MMP caused little adverse effects as revealed by mice body weights and histological analyses. The combination of two mitotic inhibitors, DTX and DM1, appears to be an interesting approach for effective cancer therapy.
Regional β‐amyloid burden does not correlate with cognitive or language deficits in Alzheimer's disease presenting as aphasia (2015)

The findings from this study suggest a close relation between the severity of regional atrophy and cognitive and language impairment, but argue against a strong association between regional β-amyloid burden and such deficits in aphasic AD subjects. Hence, other pathological factors may be driving the previously identified association between global β-amyloid deposition and general cognitive impairment in aphasic AD.
An evolutionary approach for scheduling in parallel processor systems (2002)

Task scheduling is essential for the proper functioning of parallel processor systems. Scheduling of tasks onto networks of parallel processors is an interesting problem that is well-defined and documented in the literature. However, most of the available techniques are based on heuristics that solve certain instances of the scheduling problem very efficiently and in reasonable amounts of time. This paper investigates an alternative paradigm, based on genetic algorithms, that can be used to efficiently solve the scheduling problem without the need to apply any restricted assumptions that are problem-specific, such as is the case when using heuristics. The conditions under which a genetic algorithm performs best will also be highlighted. This will be accompanied by a number of examples and case studies.
Localization of autosomal recessive early‐onset parkinsonism to chromosome 1p36 (<i>PARK7</i>) in an independent dataset (2002)

Two new loci, PARK6 and PARK7, for autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism have recently been identified on chromosome 1p, in single large pedigrees. Among 4 autosomal recessive early-onset families analyzed here, 2 supported linkage to PARK7, 1 with conclusive evidence. These data confirm localization of autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism to PARK7, suggesting it to be a frequent locus. Assignment of families to either PARK6 or PARK7 might be difficult because of the proximity of the two loci on chromosome 1p.
Intelligent Field Infrastructure Embedded Cyber Security Protection (2014)

Abstract Cyber Security is an essential building block of the overall safety and integrity of Intelligent Field Infrastructure (IFI). This is driven by the rapid evolution from proprietary to open standard based solutions. Moreover, the IFI special purpose hardware and software is now increasingly moving to a common platform and from isolation to interconnection with the Enterprise networks and systems. This evolution has resulted in growing and previously unforeseen cyber security threats. Therefore, a closer look is required to ensure cyber security is embedded into existing systems and an integral part of workflows, policies, and skillsets of the workforce. In this paper, the authors share critical review for the intelligent field cyber security risk, available solutions, and the systematic approach in weaving cyber protection into the end-to-end system. The outcomes result in actual enhancements by considering cyber security as integral part of the overall IFI. Best practices and guidelines improvements are also highlighted.
Characterization of the vaginal DNA virome in health and dysbiosis: an opening study in patients with non-female factor infertility (2019)

Abstract Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterised by a reduction in Lactobacillus spp. abundance and increased abundance of facultative anaerobes, like Gardnerella vaginalis . BV aetiology is not fully understood, but bacteriophages could play a pivotal role causing perturbation of the vaginal bacterial community. Here we investigate the vaginal viral community, including bacteriophages, and its association to the bacterial community and BV-status. Methods Vaginal samples from 48 patients undergoing IVF treatment for non-female factor infertility were subjected to metagenomic sequencing of purified virus-like particles. The vaginal viral community was characterized and correlated with BV-status, bacterial community structure and presence of key vaginal bacterial species. Results The majority of identified vaginal viruses belonged to the class of double-stranded DNA bacteriophages, with eukaryotic viruses constituting 4% of total reads. Clear links between viral community composition and BV (q = 0.006, R = 0.26) as well as presence of L. crispatus (q = 0.001, R = 0.43) , L. iners, Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae were found (q &lt; 0.002, R &gt; 0.15). Interestingly, also the eukaryotic viral community was correlated with BV-status (q = 0.018, R = 0.20). Conclusions The vaginal virome is clearly linked with bacterial community structure and BV-status. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02042352.
History, Chemistry and Biology of Alkaloids from Lobelia inflata. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium catalysed synthesis of unsaturated acetals and aldehydes via C–C bond coupling of alkynes with allyl alcohol (1994)

Terminal alkynes and allyl alcohol are coupled, with carbon–carbon bond formation, in the presence of a RuIV(C5Me5) catalyst, to give γδ-unsaturated acetals and with [{RuCl(C5Me5)}4] or [RuCl(cod)(C5Me5)] preferentially to produce the branched γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes.
Original Article Histological characterization of bone marrow in ectopic bone, induced by devitalized Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells (2013)

Devitalized Saos-2, cultured human osteosarcoma cells, or guanidinium-hydrochloride (GuHCl) extracts of these cells, induce ectopic bone and marrow formation when implanted subcutaneously in Nu/Nu mice. The aim of the present study was to characterize the bone marrow induced by Saos-2 cell extracts, specifically to determine which of the four major hematopoietic cell lineages: erythropoietic, granulopoietic, lymphopoietic and megakaryo- cytic, are induced by Saos-2 cell derivatives. Methods: Immunohistochemical localization of specific antigens was used to determine the presence of each major cell type (glycophorin A for erythropoietic, neutrophil elastase for granulopoietic, factor-VIII related antigen for megakaryocytes, and CD79a for B lymphocytes). Results: Standard H & E stains confirmed the presence of normally organized apparently complete bone marrow within all newly induced bone at 3 weeks post-implantation of devitalized Saos-2 cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of erythropoietic cells, granulopoietic cells, megakaryocytes and B lymphocytes in the ectopic marrow. Conclusion: Saos-2 cells (freeze-dried) or their extracts, implanted subcutaneously into Nu/Nu mice, can induce normal marrow that is host-derived, and contains all major hematopoietic cell lineages. Clinical Significance: Saos-2 induced mar - row could potentially restore deficient marrow and promote bone repair.
Supplementary Table from Repurposing Tin Mesoporphyrin as an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Shows Therapeutic Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell type specific markers and genes&lt;/p&gt;
Pax6 Inactivation in the Adult Pancreas Reveals Ghrelin as Endocrine Cell Maturation Marker (2015)

The transcription factor Pax6 is an important regulator of development and cell differentiation in various organs. Thus, Pax6 was shown to promote neural development in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord, and to control pancreatic endocrine cell genesis. However, the role of Pax6 in distinct endocrine cells of the adult pancreas has not been addressed. We report the conditional inactivation of Pax6 in insulin and glucagon producing cells of the adult mouse pancreas. In the absence of Pax6, beta- and alpha-cells lose their molecular maturation characteristics. Our findings provide strong evidence that Pax6 is responsible for the maturation of beta-, and alpha-cells, but not of delta-, and PP-cells. Moreover, lineage-tracing experiments demonstrate that Pax6-deficient beta- and alpha-cells are shunted towards ghrelin marked cells, sustaining the idea that ghrelin may represent a marker for endocrine cell maturation.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser Photolysis Reactions in Liquid Fluorine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thinking Like an Annotator: Generation of Dataset Labeling Instructions (2023)

Large-scale datasets are essential to modern day deep learning. Advocates argue that understanding these methods requires dataset transparency (e.g. "dataset curation, motivation, composition, collection process, etc..."). However, almost no one has suggested the release of the detailed definitions and visual category examples provided to annotators - information critical to understanding the structure of the annotations present in each dataset. These labels are at the heart of public datasets, yet few datasets include the instructions that were used to generate them. We introduce a new task, Labeling Instruction Generation, to address missing publicly available labeling instructions. In Labeling Instruction Generation, we take a reasonably annotated dataset and: 1) generate a set of examples that are visually representative of each category in the dataset; 2) provide a text label that corresponds to each of the examples. We introduce a framework that requires no model training to solve this task and includes a newly created rapid retrieval system that leverages a large, pre-trained vision and language model. This framework acts as a proxy to human annotators that can help to both generate a final labeling instruction set and evaluate its quality. Our framework generates multiple diverse visual and text representations of dataset categories. The optimized instruction set outperforms our strongest baseline across 5 folds by 7.06 mAP for NuImages and 12.9 mAP for COCO.