gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of the Isotope Analysis Technique for Inorganic Trace Elements using Laser Ablation Assisted Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LA-RIMS) (2006)

We have developed and assessed LA-RIMS as the isotope analysis method for trace inorgac elements in agricultural products. We used magnesium isotope analysis to verify that LA-RIMS had the capability to identify the production areas with the required precision of 0.3%. We demonstrated direct measurements of trace strontium (sub ppm level) in brown rice and confirmed that the isotope analysis precision was improved through the signal intensity enhancement by increasing the ablation power and expanding the laser spot. For the present system, we estimated the strontium isotope ratio of 87Sr/86Sr to be 0.69±0.10 (14%). We concluded that the direct isotope analysis for trace inorganic elements such as strontium in brown rice using LA-RIMS had an advantage under the serious situation of isobaric interference and had sufficient capability to identify agricultural production areas.
Self-Assembled Organometallic Block Copolymer Nanotubes (2000)

Hollow spheres and nanotubes with dimensions dependent on the micellar concentration are generated by the self-assembly of an organometallic polyferrocene-polysiloxane diblock copolymer 1 in hexanes. Encapsulation of small electron-rich molecules reveals the existence of a cavity inside these structures.
Convolutional Experts Constrained Local Model for Facial Landmark Detection (2017)

Constrained Local Models (CLMs) are a well-established family of methods for facial landmark detection. However, they have recently fallen out of favor to cascaded regressionbased approaches. This is in part due to the inability of existing CLM local detectors to model the very complex individual landmark appearance that is affected by expression, illumination, facial hair, makeup, and accessories. In our work, we present a novel local detector - Convolutional Experts Network (CEN) - that brings together the advantages of neural architectures and mixtures of experts in an end-toend framework. We further propose a Convolutional Experts Constrained Local Model (CE-CLM) algorithm that uses CEN as a local detector. We demonstrate that our proposed CE-CLM algorithm outperforms competitive state-of-the-art baselines for facial landmark detection by a large margin, especially on challenging profile images.
How Did We Get a COVID-19 Vaccine in Less Than 1 Year? (2021)

The successful development of COVID-19 vaccines within an unprecedented short time needs to be followed by rapid vaccine uptake, in particular, in high-risk populations such as patients with cancer. It is important for the scientific research community and cancer physicians to convey the knowledge behind the COVID-19 vaccine development and contribute to build the required trust on their use.
Implementation of a Modular Coding Scheme for Secure Communication (2022)

We experimentally verify the information-theoretic security of a seeded modular code for the AWGN wiretap channel consisting of a security layer, an error-correction layer and a modulation layer. The security layer is given by a universal family of hash functions. In the error-correction layer and the modulation layer we use polar codes and QAM, respectively. The eavesdropper uses the maximum likelihood (ML) test as an attack strategy. We analyze the security in different communication scenarios using simulations. We show that for small blocklengths the advantage (security measure) at the eavesdropper in the corresponding scenario can be close to 0 for suitable code parameters. Additional insights gathered from the simulation results include the impact of code parameters and seed choice on security.
THERMO-MECHANICAL FATIGUE OF STEEL PILES IN INTEGRAL ABUTMENT BRIDGES (2012)

The issue of fatigue in steel piles of Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs) is investigated. A three-dimensional, non-liner finite element (FE) model is constructed for a bridge located in a harsh climate. Historic temperature data for the region is obtained and a sinusoidal model was developed to represent the daily and seasonal temperature changes. The FE is parametrically run for 5 cases with bridge lengths varying between 400 and 1800 feet under the cyclic load of daily and seasonal temperature variations. The pile behavior and stresses in the piles are evaluated and a fatigue model is used to determine the fatigue life of the piles. The Palmgren-Miner rule is used to evaluate the combined effects and contribution of both types of temperature cycles. The critical location of the pile is modeled locally utilizing a global-local modeling approach. "Successive initiation" in conjunction with a strain-based fatigue damage model is implemented in the local model to determine the thermo-mechanical fatigue crack initiation site, propagation path, and rate in the piles. The results show that maximum stress occurs in the pile furthest from the center of the bridge in its flange right below the concrete abutment. Plastic deformation is observed in all the piles and in all the cases studied indicating the possibility of low cycle fatigue. Lateral displacement and maximum plastic deformation in the piles increases as the length of the bridge increases. A linear relationship was found between the length of the bridge and the lateral displacement for both seasonal and daily temperature variations. The longer the bridge is the shorter the fatigue life. The crack modeling results indicate that the crack initiates in the tip of the flange. Multiple cracks form in the flange, which causes an increased propagation rate. The propagation rate decreases when the crack reaches the web. The crack could initiate in the pile in the first decade, but it will take several decades to reach the web. The final failure of the pile may not occur for several decades.
On positive invariance for delay difference equations (2011)

In this paper a new concept of set invariance, called D-invariance, is introduced for dynamical systems described by delay difference equations. We will be interested in the definition and computation of such invariant sets in a specified bounded region of the state-space. The Minkowski algebra will be used to define mappings over the set of compact sets in direct relationship with the invariance of time-delay systems. Set-iterates based on these mappings can be used for the construction of a non-decreasing sequence of D-invariant sets.
Linearized Reference Tissue Parametric Imaging Methods: Application to [<sup>11</sup>C]DASB Positron Emission Tomography Studies of the Serotonin Transporter in Human Brain (2003)

The authors developed and applied two new linearized reference tissue models for parametric images of binding potential (BP) and relative delivery (R1) for [11C]DASB positron emission tomography imaging of serotonin transporters in human brain. The original multilinear reference tissue model (MRTM(O)) was modified (MRTM) and used to estimate a clearance rate (k'2) from the cerebellum (reference). Then, the number of parameters was reduced from three (MRTM) to two (MRTM2) by fixing k'2. The resulting BP and R1 estimates were compared with the corresponding nonlinear reference tissue models, SRTM and SRTM2, and one-tissue kinetic analysis (1TKA), for simulated and actual [11C]DASB data. MRTM gave k'2 estimates with little bias (<1%) and small variability (<6%). MRTM2 was effectively identical to SRTM2 and 1TKA, reducing BP bias markedly over MRTM(O) from 12-70% to 1-4% at the expense of somewhat increased variability. MRTM2 substantially reduced BP variability by a factor of two or three over MRTM or SRTM. MRTM2, SRTM2, and 1TKA had R1 bias <0.3% and variability at least a factor of two lower than MRTM or SRTM. MRTM2 allowed rapid generation of parametric images with the noise reductions consistent with the simulations. Rapid parametric imaging by MRTM2 should be a useful method for human [11C]DASB positron emission tomography studies.
CW Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier with Net Gain and Wavelength Conversion Efficiency Greater than One (1996)

In order to be useful in a wide range of communication applications, fiber optical parametric amplifiers (OPA’s) and wavelength converters should operate on a cw basis. Furthermore, conversion efficiency G i should be greater than or equal to one, in order to avoid the substantial signal-to-noise ratio degradation which occurs if G i ≪ 1. Currently silica-based fibers have the best characteristics for making fiber OPA’s. However, owing to the relative weakness of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility in such fibers, amplification by fiber OPA’s requires a high pump power and/or a large fiber length. Pulsed amplification has been reported by a number of groups. CW fiber parametric amplification with a 17 dBm pump has been reported, but with a gain insufficient to overcome fiber loss [1].
Cover Picture: The High‐Intrinsic Diels−Alder Reactivity of (−)‐Galiellalactone; Generating Four Quaternary Carbon Centers under Mild Conditions (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 13/2004) (2004)

Abstract The cover picture shows a further chapter in the excitingDiels−Alder story around the natural product (−)‐galiellalactone. This story started with Steglich′s proposal on the Diels−Alder biosynthesis of galiellalactone, that was then experimentally confirmed by T. Anke, H. Anke, and Sterner. The producer of galiellalactone, the ascomycete Galiella rufa , is shown in the background (photo by Pamela Kaminski). Now a surprising intrinsic Diels−Alder reactivity of galiellalactone has been found. Remarkable Diels−Alder transformations are triggered by acylation of the natural product. In the presented case four quaternary carbon centers are generated under mild conditions, yielding a dimer of unprecedented architecture. Details are discussed in the article by F. von Nussbaum et al. on page 2783 ff.
How Effective Is Orthotic Treatment in Patients with Recurrent Diabetic Foot Ulcers? (2013)

Personalized orthotic therapy targeted at reducing plantar pressures by off-loading protects high-risk patients against reulceration. Treatment reduced the reulceration rate and peak plantar pressures, leading to patients' return to work or other activities.
GameWikiSum: a Novel Large Multi-Document Summarization Dataset (2020)

Today's research progress in the field of multi-document summarization is obstructed by the small number of available datasets. Since the acquisition of reference summaries is costly, existing datasets contain only hundreds of samples at most, resulting in heavy reliance on hand-crafted features or necessitating additional, manually annotated data. The lack of large corpora therefore hinders the development of sophisticated models. Additionally, most publicly available multi-document summarization corpora are in the news domain, and no analogous dataset exists in the video game domain. In this paper, we propose GameWikiSum, a new domain-specific dataset for multi-document summarization, which is one hundred times larger than commonly used datasets, and in another domain than news. Input documents consist of long professional video game reviews as well as references of their gameplay sections in Wikipedia pages. We analyze the proposed dataset and show that both abstractive and extractive models can be trained on it. We release GameWikiSum for further research: https://github.com/Diego999/GameWikiSum.
An improved model predictive controller for highly reliable grid connected photovoltaic multilevel inverters (2017)

Multilevel Inverters play key role in grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Although power semiconductor devices in multilevel inverters represent the most expensive and vulnerable parts according to the recent reliability surveys. Thermal stresses in power semiconductor devices represent the main cause of their failures. Therefore, improved controllers with lower thermal stresses are highly demanded. Conventional finite control set model predictive control (MPC) utilizes a high sampling rate to select the optimum switching state from all possible states. Consequently, high power losses and high thermal stresses are produced in this type. This paper introduces an improved model predictive controller (MPC) for preserving high reliability for grid connected single phase full bridge five level T-type inverter. The proposed controller selects the optimum switching sequence to drive the inverter from a set of switching sequences with an optimized switching transitions. The proposed MPC features constant switching frequency with minimized switching transitions of power devices and voltage balance of DC-link capacitors. The results of the designed and implemented case study are presented to validate the superiority of the proposed controller.
Looping LMS versus fast least squares algorithms: who gets there first? (2003)

This paper analytically compares, in terms of the convergence time, fast least squares estimation algorithms for channel identification and equalization to looping LMS (LLMS), a scheme which repeatedly applies the least mean squares algorithm to a block of received data. In this study, the convergence time is defined as the actual time (in seconds) taken by an algorithm to reach a desired performance. The old theme on LMS and fast least squares algorithms convergence is revisited from a novel perspective: the comparison is made from a complexity viewpoint, which not only takes into account the statistical properties of studied algorithms but also the number of floating point operations.
Respiratory syncytial virus-induced interleukin-4 production byhuman conjunctival epithelial cells contributes to allergy: preliminary study (1998)

Findings suggest that the expression of IL-4 is associated with intracellular infection by RSV in conjunctiva. With our former reports, RSV infection in conjunctival epithelial cells can be suggested as one of the possible environmental pathogens of allergic conjunctivitis.
Direct and Indirect Therapeutic Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an Add-on for Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2020)

Abstract Background ：Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in many countries. The current treatment for non-proliferative DR (NPDR) using Western medicine (WM) alone is insufficient. At present, the combination of NPDR treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and WM is universally applied. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TCM as an add-on for NPDR using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Method: Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM for NPDR treatment along with WM before July 6, 2019, were collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure , Wanfang Database , China Biomedical Database , Pubmed , Embase, and Cochrane Library . Relevant data were extracted by two reviewers. I 2 statistics was adopted to appraise heterogeneity. If I 2 &lt;50% the fixed-effects model was employed, otherwise a random-effect model was employed. (PROSPERO: CRD42019134947) Result: Eighteen RCTs (1522 patients) were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that compared with WM alone, TCM (including Compound Xueshuantong Capsule, Qiming Granule, and others) combined with WM for NPDR could improve the overall effiicacy [n=1686，RR1.24(1.18,1.30), P &lt;0.00001, I 2 =0%], and reduce the influence of risk factors related to NPDR, such as glycated hemoglobin level [n=360, MD -0.85(-1.28, -0.41), P =0.0001, I 2 =72%], triglyceride (P&lt;0.00001), and total cholesterol (P =0.0008). Moreover, no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Compared with WM alone, TCM+WM could significantly improve NPDR and also reduce the correlation levels of risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia. However, the small sample included in the study might lead to a publication bias, and therefore, our results should be treated with caution.
Quantum well‐free nitride‐based UV LEDs emitting at 380 nm (2007)

Abstract CVD. The bare chip device shows a strong UV emission at 380 nm, with a maximum output power of 1.6 mW at 140 mA, and a junction temperature of 120 °C. The saturation of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) occurs at 0.5 kA/cm 2 (∼80 mA), a much higher value than the 10 A/cm 2 commonly reported in quantum wells (QWs) based nitride LEDs. This behavior can be accounted for by a temperature dependent non‐radiative recombination rate which increases at high injection currents. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Beam steering with photonic crystal horn radiators (2004)

A photonic crystal (PhC) horn is presented. Using the finite- difference time-domain method with the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition (ABC) in inhomogeneous media, we opti- mize the mismatch factor between a PhC horn and waveguide to achieve high radiation efficiency. The optimized PhC horn is then used to construct an horn array of 25 elements, whose element weights and element positions are optimized using simulated annealing (SA) to acheive continuous beam steering in the range between 215 and 15 deg with the maximum side lobe of less than 210 dB. © 2004 Society of Photo-
Copper-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Cyclic Enamides Using Diaryliodonium Salts (2012)

A convenient method for the copper(II)-catalyzed direct arylation of cyclic and nonaromatic enamides using diaryliodonium salts has been developed. The reaction demonstrates large functional group tolerance, good yields, and total regioselectivity with a C(3)-functionalization. The synthetic potential of this coupling was explored by using a range of readily accessible diaryliodonium salts and enamides.
Acoustic radiation from ends of IDT in synchronous LSAW resonators (2017)

In order to minimize losses due to bulk-acoustic radiation, `leaky' SAW resonators on rotated Y-cut LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> typically employ synchronous design, with all the electrodes in the IDT and in the reflectors sharing the same periodicity and electrode shape. The change in the electric connection pattern between the IDT and the reflectors creates an electric discontinuity, which can serve as an additional source of bulk wave radiation. In this work, numerical FEM simulations are employed to characterize this additional loss mechanism.
Genomes and phenomes of a population of outbred rats and its progenitors (2014)

Finding genetic variants that contribute to phenotypic variation is one of the main challenges of modern genetics. We used an outbred population of rats (Heterogeneous Stock, HS) in a combined sequence-based and genetic mapping analysis to identify sequence variants and genes contributing to complex traits of biomedical relevance. Here we describe the sequences of the eight inbred progenitors of the HS and the variants that segregate between them. We report the genotyping of 1,407 HS rats, and the collection from 2,006 rats of 195 phenotypic measures that are relevant to models of anxiety, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and osteoporosis. We make available haplotype dosages for the 1,407 genotyped rats, since genetic mapping in the HS is best carried out by reconstructing each HS chromosome as a mosaic of the progenitor genomes. Finally, we have deposited an R object that makes it easy to incorporate our sequence data into any genetic study of HS rats. Our genetic data are available for both Rnor3.4 and Rnor5.0 rat assemblies.
On the problem of verification of source code transformations: a case study (2004)

status: Published
Network coding for multicasting over Rayleigh fading multi access\n channels (2014)

This paper examines the problem of rate allocation for multicasting over slow\nRayleigh fading channels using network coding. In the proposed model, the\nnetwork is treated as a collection of Rayleigh fading multiple access channels.\nIn this model, rate allocation scheme that is based solely on the statistics of\nthe channels is presented. The rate allocation scheme is aimed at minimizing\nthe outage probability. An upper bound is presented for the probability of\noutage in the fading multiple access channel. A suboptimal solution based on\nthis bound is given. A distributed primal-dual gradient algorithm is derived to\nsolve the rate allocation problem.\n
Clinical and molecular findings in a patient with 46,XX/47,XX,+14 mosaicism caused by postzygotic duplication of a paternally derived chromosome 14 (2015)

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Incorporating Knowledge Resources to Enhance Medical Information Extraction (2013)

This paper describes a method to extract medical information from texts. The method targets to extract complaints and diagnoses from electronic health record texts. Complaints and diagnoses are fundamental information and can be used for more complex medical tasks. The method utilizes several medical knowledge resources to enhance the performance of extraction. With an evaluation using NTCIR10 MedNLP data, our method marked 86.53 in F1 score with a cross validation. The score is comparable to top scoring teams in NTCIR-10 MedNLP task. The approach taken to incorporate knowledge resources has a high generality. It is not restricted to the resources presented in this paper and can be applied to various other resources.
“Meds-in-Hand” Intervention to Reduce Critical Process Delays in Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (2020)

Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus post-exposure prophylaxis is frequently indicated, but delays in medication receipt are common. Using plan-do-study-act cycles, we developed a multidisciplinary collaboration to reduce critical process delays in our pediatric emergency department. Interruptions decreased from a median 1 per month pre-intervention to zero per month during the intervention.
Localized electropolymerization on oxidized boron-doped diamond electrodes modified with pyrrolyl units (2006)

This paper describes the functionalization of oxidized boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes with N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)pyrrole (TMPP) and the influence of this layer on the electrochemical transfer kinetics as well as on the possibility of forming strongly adhesive polypyrrole films on the BDD interface through electropolymerization. Furthermore, localized polymer formation was achieved on the TMPP-modified BDD interface using the direct mode of a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) as well as an electrochemical scanning near-field optical microscope (E-SNOM). Depending on the method used polypyrrole dots with diameters in the range of 1-250 microm are electrogenerated.