gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mef2C Is a Lineage-Restricted Target Gene of Scl/Tal1 and Regulates Megakaryopoiesis and B-Cell Homeostasis (2008)

Abstract The bHLH transcription factor stem cell leukemia/T-cell acute leukemia gene (Scl/Tal1) is a master regulator for hematopoiesis, essential for hematopoietic specification and proper differentiation of the erythroid and megakaryocyte lineages. However, the critical downstream targets of Scl remain undefined. To identify Scl target genes in hematopoietic cells, we performed gene expression analysis on HOX11-immortalized Sclfl/fl fetal liver cell lines. Analysis of the top 50 downregulated genes revealed several genes related to hematopoiesis including erythroid and megakaryocyte development, vasculogenesis, as well as genes/unknown ESTs that have not been previously linked to blood development. One of the top downregulated genes was transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2C). Mef2C−/− embryos die at E9.5, the same time as Scl−/− embryos, and exhibit severe defects in cardiac and muscle development. Analysis of Mef2C−/− embryos showed that, Mef2C, in contrast to Scl, is not required for specification into primitive or definitive hematopoietic lineages. To bypass the embryonic lethality, we utilized a conditionally targeted Mef2Cfl/fl strain and crossed it with a hematopoietic cell-specific VavCre strain that deactivates Mef2C shortly after the emergence of HSCs. Interestingly, adult VavCre+Mef2Cfl/fl mice exhibited severe platelet defects highly reminiscent to those observed in Scl deficient mice. The platelet counts were reduced, while platelet size was increased and the platelet shape and granularity was altered. Furthermore, megakaryopoiesis was severely impaired in vitro. ChIP-on-chip analysis revealed that Mef2C is directly regulated by Scl in megakaryocytic cells, but not in erythroid cells. In addition, an Scl independent requirement for Mef2C in B-lymphoid homeostasis was observed in Mef2C-deficient mice, characterized as severe age-dependent reductions of specific B-cell progenitor populations reminiscent of premature aging. In summary, this work identifies Mef2C as an integral member of hematopoietic transcription factors with distinct upstream regulatory mechanisms and functional requirements in megakaryocyte and B-lymphoid lineages.
Acute FGF21 treatment lowers plasma insulin levels. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;C57BL/6 mice on chow diet were treated with a single dose of vehicle or PEG30-FGF21 Q108 at one of three doses (0.25, 0.75, or 2.5 mg/kg). Plasma insulin levels were measured 24 and 48 hours post dose. Error bars denote standard error. Asterisks denote significant change compared to vehicle treatment within each time point (students t-test p value &lt; 0.05*, p&lt;0.01**).&lt;/p&gt;
Influence of Hair Growth Cycle on Hair Follicle Destruction by Pulsed Ruby Laser Treatment in Newborn Mice (1997)

It has been shown that using normal mode ruby laser pulses (694 nm) is an effective method of selectively destroying brown or black pigmented hair follicles in adult Caucasians (Grossman et al, 1996). The pigment, melanin, contained within the dark hair follicles acts as a target for light absorption when exposed to a well characterized range of wavelengths (Anderson and Parrish, 1981). Based on principles of selective photothermolysis, exposure to carefully chosen wavelength and pulse duration characteristics result in preferential absorption by the target pigment and sufficient heating to cause localized cellular destruction (Anderson and Parrish, 1983).
Physiological Function of Dietary Fiber in Rice Bran (1994)

[in Japanese]
P‐11: Electrical Properties and Stability of Dual‐Gate Coplanar Homojunction Amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor (2011)

Abstract The electrical characteristics and stabilities of dual‐gate (DG) coplanar homojunction amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) are described. When the gate voltage is applied on top and bottom electrodes, the DG a‐IGZO TFT showed an excellent electrical performance with the sub‐threshold swing of 99 mV/dec, the mobility of 15.1 cm 2 /V·s and the on‐off ratio of 10 9 . Under positive bias temperature stress, the device threshold voltage shifts about +4.5V after 10,000 seconds, while its shifts under negative bias temperature stress are very small. The effect of TFT illumination is also discussed.
Multiregional Radiogenomic Assessment of Prostate Microenvironments with Multiparametric MR Imaging and DNA Whole-Exome Sequencing of Prostate Glands with Adenocarcinoma (2017)

Purpose To assess the underlying genomic variation of prostate gland microenvironments of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma in the context of colocalized multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathologic assessment of normal and abnormal regions by using whole-exome sequencing. Materials and Methods Six patients with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent robotic prostatectomy with whole-mount preservation of the prostate were identified, which enabled spatial mapping between preoperative multiparametric MR imaging and the gland. Four regions of interest were identified within each gland, including regions found to be normal and abnormal via histopathologic analysis. Whole-exome DNA sequencing (>50 times coverage) was performed on each of these spatially targeted regions. Radiogenomic analysis of imaging and mutation data were performed with hierarchical clustering, phylogenetic analysis, and principal component analysis. Results Radiogenomic multiparametric MR imaging and whole-exome spatial characterization in six patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (three patients, Gleason score of 3 + 4; and three patients, Gleason score of 4 + 5) was performed across 23 spatially distinct regions. Hierarchical clustering separated histopathologic analysis-proven high-grade lesions from the normal regions, and this reflected concordance between multiparametric MR imaging and resultant histopathologic analysis in all patients. Seventy-seven mutations involving 29 cancer-associated genes across the 23 spatially distinct prostate samples were identified. There was no significant difference in mutation load in cancer-associated genes between regions that were proven to be normal via histopathologic analysis (34 mutations per sample ± 19), mildly suspicious via multiparametric MR imaging (37 mutations per sample ± 21), intermediately suspicious via multiparametric MR imaging (31 mutations per sample ± 15), and high-grade cancer (33 mutations per sample ± 18) (P = .30). Principal component analysis resolved samples from different patients and further classified samples (regardless of histopathologic status) from prostate glands with Gleason score 3 + 4 versus 4 + 5 samples. Conclusion Multiregion spatial multiparametric MR imaging and whole-exome radiogenomic analysis of prostate glands with adenocarcinoma shows a continuum of mutations across regions that were found via histologic analysis to be high grade and normal. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Galactosylhydroxylysine and Its Analogues. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Anti-Folate Receptor-α IgE but not IgG Recruits Macrophages to Attack Tumors via TNFα/MCP-1 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gating strategy used in the characterization of tumor-infiltrating macrophages by flow cytometry&lt;/p&gt;
The Impact of Calendering on the Electronic Conductivity Heterogeneity of Lithium-Ion Electrode Films (2019)

Electrical conductivity is a key metric in the performance of lithium-ion batteries. However, accurately measuring the electronic conductivity nondestructively is difficult. We have developed a micro-four-line probe that has been used to make this measurement and to demonstrate the heterogeneity of electrical conductivity of lithium-ion electrodes on a mm scale [1]. Such heterogeneity or non-uniformity can cause the lithium ion battery to degrade unevenly overtime, which is undesirable. The design of the micro-four-line probe has been improved into a flexible-four-line probe. This flexible measurement device is able to conform to the surface of the electrode, which improves the contact and the resulting electronic conductivity measurement. The flexible probe has been used to take accurate measurements of electronic conductivity and the contact resistance between the film and the current collector. The microstructure of lithium-ion electrodes is another important characteristic that determines the performance of lithium-ion cells, including electronic and ionic conductivity of electrodes. Calendering, an important step in the manufacturing process, affects the microstructure as the film is compressed to a uniform thickness. Prior to calendering there are more substantial variations in the thickness of the electrode film, which constitutes surface roughness, as illustrated in the included thickness profile (figure). The effect of calendering on the electronic heterogeneity of electrode films will be reported. The flexible probe will be used to measure the variation in electronic conductivity across the electrodes. A thickness analysis of the electrode films before and after calendering will complement the electrical measurements. This information increases our understanding of electrode manufacturing processes to allow for future optimization of these processes. References: Vogel et al., Electrochimica Acta 297, 820 (2019). Figure 1
Facilitation of phospholipase A2 activity by mastoparans, a new class of mast cell degranulating peptides from wasp venom. (1983)

The effect of mastoparan, Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ile-LeuNH2, and related peptides on the release of arachidonic acid from egg yolk lecithin liposomes, rat peritoneal mast cells, and cultured human fibroblasts was studied. In unsonicated liposomes, labeled with 1-stearoyl-2[1-14C]arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 5 X 10(-5) M mastoparan caused a 12-, 15-, and 50-fold increase in the production of arachidonic acid catalyzed by phospholipase A2 from bee venom, eastern diamondback rattlesnake and porcine pancreas, respectively. The stimulant effect of mastoparan and related peptides was dose-dependent and further enhanced by sonication of liposomes. In contrast, melittin, while stimulating the production of arachidonic acid by phospholipase from bee venom, was inactive with the rattlesnake and pancreatic enzymes. Melittin was also only weakly active with liposomes containing stearic acid in place of arachidonic acid. Like melittin, mastoparans stimulated phospholipase activity in tissue homogenates and caused a dose-dependent release of arachidonic acid from rat peritoneal mast cells and cultured human fibroblasts prelabeled with [14C]arachidonic acid. The heptapeptide fragments mastoparan 1-7 and mastoparan 8-14, and succinylated mastoparan were ineffective. The results suggest that mastoparan and related peptides in insect venoms act, at least in part, by stimulating phospholipase activity.
Multi-armed Bandits: Competing with Optimal Sequences (2016)

We consider sequential decision making problem in the adversarial setting, where regret is measured with respect to the optimal sequence of actions and the feedback adheres the bandit setting. It is well-known that obtaining sublinear regret in this setting is impossible in general, which arises the question of when can we do better than linear regret? Previous works show that when the environment is guaranteed to vary slowly and furthermore we are given prior knowledge regarding its variation (i.e., a limit on the amount of changes suffered by the environment), then this task is feasible. The caveat however is that such prior knowledge is not likely to be available in practice, which causes the obtained regret bounds to be somewhat irrelevant. Our main result is a regret guarantee that scales with the variation parameter of the environment, without requiring any prior knowledge about it whatsoever. By that, we also resolve an open problem posted by [Gur, Zeevi and Besbes, NIPS' 14]. An important key component in our result is a statistical test for identifying non-stationarity in a sequence of independent random variables. This test either identifies non-stationarity or upper-bounds the absolute deviation of the corresponding sequence of mean values in terms of its total variation. This test is interesting on its own right and has the potential to be found useful in additional settings.
Photopolymerization of metal nanoparticles on multiwall carbon nanotubes (2008)

A facile method for the functionalization of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by photopolymerization of 5-mercapto-2,2'-bithiophene modified metal (Au or Ag) nanoparticles on the surface of the MWCNT is developed.
Mode of Action of Silicone Drift Control Agents (2016)

Using high-speed video techniques, the influence of diluted polyether siloxane emulsions on the breakup mechanism of liquid spray films was investigated. First, the fragmentation of a single drop in an air flow, the so-called bag breakup, was used as a model system to study the ability of the polyether siloxane emulsion to control the breakup process. What was learned from these model experiments was then transferred to spray experiments using classical agricultural flat-fan nozzles. These demonstrated that polyether siloxane emulsions cause the nucleation of holes in an expanding liquid film, which leads to an accelerated, more uniform, and earlier breakup. Image-based drop size measurements confirmed that the promoted lamella breakup in turn leads to a considerable reduction of drift-prone droplets in the spray. Low-speed wind tunnel spray studies were conducted in order verify the findings from the high-speed video experiments.
Abstract 296: Characterization of prostate cancer circulating tumor cells using E-selectin coated-microtubes (2011)

Abstract Background: Metastasis and invasion is facilitated by adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to endothelial cells in the blood vessel. Initial recruitment of CTCs to the blood vessel endothelium is mediated through selectin proteins. We used microtube coated with selectin proteins to simulate CTC adhesion under flow, to elucidate the complex physicochemical dynamics that control CTC adhesion in the bloodstream. Methods: Sterilized microrenathane microtubes were functionalized by E-selectin +/- anti-PSMA (mAb J591) and anti-EpCAM antibodies. Functionalized microtubes were used to observe the rolling behavior of prostate cancer cell lines MDAPCa2b, LNCaP C4-2, and PC-3. MDAPCa2b cells alone or mixed with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were incubated with fluorescently conjugated mAbJ591, and the mixture flowed through the microtube for identification and capture efficiency. PBMCs isolated from prostate cancer patient's blood were similarly processed. Results: MDAPCa2b cells showed robust rolling at 1 dyne/cm2 shear stress while LNCaP, C4-2, and PC-3 cells did not exhibit rolling behavior on E-selectin coated microtubes. 7.5 cells were observed rolling at 1 dyne/cm2 compared to 1.5 cells at 8 dyne/cm2 per 100 mm2 area. To determine if prostate cancer cells could be identified in a mixture of PBMCs, MDAPCa2b cells were spiked in PBMCs and labeled with fluorescently conjugated mAb J591. MDAPCa2b cells demonstrated selective fluorescence which did not alter their rolling behavior. A 50% capture efficiency of MDAPCa2b cells spiked in PBMCs was achieved when flowed through E-selectin and anti-PSMA coated microtube. After establishing rolling and selective fluorescence in prostate cancer cell line, we used prostate cancer patient's blood. CTCs in prostate cancer patient's blood showed rolling behavior on E-selectin coated microtube. Further, these CTCs were PSMA-positive after incubation with fluorescently conjugated mAbJ591 and easily identified during the flow through the microtube. Conclusion: Our data shows that CTCs in prostate cancer patients exhibit rolling behavior, which may facilitate invasion and metastasis. Further, selective ex vivo labeling of CTCs enables rapid identification for subsequent characterization of their adhesion and invasive phenotype. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 296. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-296
Reflectance-reducing covers for solar cells (1996)

The performance of a solar array can be improved by reducing its reflectivity with a reflectance-reducing glass cover. The performance of such a reflection-reducing cover on a planar solar cell is calculated by a ray-tracing computer model. Light reflected from the surface of the cell is totally internally reflected within the glass cover by the angled facets, and hence is redirected back to the cell surface. This allows reduced reflection to be achieved on a planar surface cell. A variety of wedge angles and geometrical configurations were investigated. The number of passes of light within the cover was calculated, verifying that use of the cover reduces the surface reflectivity of an AR-coated planar cell, and the performance was calculated for normally incident and off-angle illumination. Sensitivity of the reflectance to off-normal light is important for nontracking arrays, for collection of diffuse illumination and for concentrator cells. The angle sensitivity is dependent on whether the light incident angle is parallel or perpendicular to the groove direction. The reflectivity of arrays with reflectance-reducing glass is lower than with planar glass even for off-normal incidence.
Population structure of the Southeast Asian river catfish <i>Mystus nemurus</i> (2003)

A total of 143 microsatellites were isolated from Mystus nemurus using a 5' anchored polymerase chain reaction technique or the random amplified hybridization microsatellite method, the first set of microsatellite markers developed for the Southeast Asian river catfish. Twenty polymorphic microsatellite loci were used as markers for population characterization of M. nemurus from six different geographical locations in Malaysia (Perak, Kedah, Johor, UPM, Sarawak and Terengganu). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 11 with 6.3 as the average number of alleles per locus. Characterization of the populations showed relatively high levels of genetic variation compared with previous studies using allozyme markers. The highest genetic similarity was found between Perak and Kedah, while the highest genetic distance was found between Terengganu and Kedah. The majority of clustering was in accordance with geographical locations and the histories of the populations. Microsatellite analysis indicated that the Sarawak population might be genetically closer to the Peninsular Malaysian populations than has been previously shown by other molecular marker studies.
MULTIVARIATE CURVE RESOLUTION ON TWO-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE IMAGES OF HUMAN SKIN (2004)

Two-photon fluorescence microscopy has been demonstrated as a high-resolution 3-D tissue imaging technique. If the dream of a noninvasive optical biopsy is to be realized upon this technology, biochemically relevant information must be extracted from the data thus obtained. The current study investigated the ability of different Gram-Schmidt modifications to Orthogonal Projection Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) to find the emission spectra and distributions of fluorophores in volume images. A two-photon microscope, incorporating a high-power femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser and a high sensitivity multianode photomultiplier spectrally resolved detector, was used to obtain spectroscopic data for each point in a volume of the sample. The MCR algorithm was developed and tested by first examining fluorescent beads. MCR analysis on images obtained from ex vivo human skin provided recognizable structural resolution with no a priori information, suggesting that the resolved spectra correspond to different endogenous fluorophores.
Tomography with diffusing photons: a Feynman path integral perspective (2002)

We consider the problem of imaging the optical absorption or fluorescent source distribution of a highly-scattering medium probed by diffusive light. Analytic solutions to the tomographic image reconstruction problem are presented.
Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From PARAGON‐HF (2021)

Background Little is known about the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods and Results We examined outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, according to COPD status, in the PARAGON-HF (Prospective Comparison of Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor With Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Global Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) trial. The primary outcome was a composite of first and recurrent hospitalizations for heart failure and cardiovascular death. Of 4791 patients, 670 (14%) had COPD. Patients with COPD were more likely to be men (58% versus 47%; <i>P</i><0.001) and had worse New York Heart Association functional class (class III/IV 24% versus 19%), worse Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Scores (69 versus 76; <i>P</i><0.001) and more frequent history of heart failure hospitalization (54% versus 47%; <i>P</i><0.001). The decrement in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Scores with COPD was greater than for other common comorbidities. Patients with COPD had echocardiographic right ventricular enlargement, higher serum creatinine (100 μmol/L versus 96 μmol/L) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (2.7 versus 2.5), than those without COPD. After multivariable adjustment, COPD was associated with worse outcomes: adjusted rate ratio for the primary outcome 1.51 (95% CI, 1.25-1.83), total heart failure hospitalization 1.54 (95% CI, 1.24-1.90), cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.82), and all-cause death (adjusted HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.25-1.84). COPD was associated with worse outcomes than other comorbidities and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Scores declined more in patients with COPD than in those without. Conclusions Approximately 1 in 7 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction had concomitant COPD, which was associated with greater functional limitation and a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization and death. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01920711.
A Novel Silk Fiber–Based Scaffold for Regeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (2016)

ACL regeneration using a silk fiber-based scaffold with and without additional cell seeding may provide a new treatment option after joint injuries.