gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The rate-based flow control framework for the available bit rate ATM service (1995)

A new ATM service category, the available bit rate service, is currently the subject of intense development. This new service will systematically and dynamically allocate available bandwidth to users by controlling the flow of traffic with feedback. The rate-based flow control framework has been identified as the most appropriate for the support of this new service.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Über die elektrophysiologische Untersuchung und Entwicklung von farbverschobenen Kanalrhodopsinchimären aus der Grünalge Volvox carteri (2012)

Die Entdeckung der Kanalrhodopsine (ChRs) C1 und C2 aus der Grünalge Chlamydomonas reinhartii vor 10 Jahren brachte die neue Proteinfamilie der lichtgesteuerten Ionenkanäle hervor. Diese 7-Transmembranproteine verwenden all-trans Retinal, um Licht einer bestimmten Wellenlänge zu absorbieren. Bei Lichtabsorption isomerisiert das Retinal und das Protein öffnet daraufhin seine Pore, die es Ionen wie H+, Na+ und Ca2+ erlaubt, abhängig von ihrem elektrochemischen Gradienten, die Membran zu passieren. Insbesondere in der Neurophysiologie findet seit kurzem das C2 eine breite Anwendung, da seine Expression in Nervenzellen es erlaubt, mittels kurzer Lichtpulse die elektrische Aktivität dieser Zellen zu kontrollieren. In dieser Arbeit wurden zum ersten Mal die beiden neuen ChRs V1 und V2 aus der mehrzelligen Grünalge Volvox carteri elektrophysiologisch charakterisiert. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass V2, ähnlich wie C2, im blauen Spektralbereich absorbiert und auch, dass sich die kinetischen Eigenschaften stark ähneln. Dagegen besitzt V1 eine um 70 nm längerwellig verschobene Absorption auf 535 nm bei einer ~ 10 x langsameren Abklingkinetik als C2. Durch die schlechte Membranintegration von V1 in eukaryotischen Zellen ist der Photostrom gering und die Anwendungen in Neuronen stark eingeschränkt. Um die Membranintegration zu verbessern, wurden einzelne Helices von V1 gegen die entsprechenden Helices der anderen ChRs ausgetauscht. Hierbei wurde eine Chimäre C1V1-25, die aus den ersten 2 Helices von C1 und den restlichen 5 Helices von V1 besteht, entwickelt. Die Chimäre besitzt weiterhin eine rotverschobene Absorption bei 539 nm, einen 4 x höheren Photostrom als V1 und der doppelt so hoch ist wie der von C2.
Fault Tree Analysis for Fungal Corrosion of Coated Aluminum (2014)

A fault tree methodology has been used to analyze the combinations of basic factors involved in fungal degradation and corrosion. The purpose was to demonstrate the identification of mitigation actions for reducing the risk of fungal corrosion of coated aluminum in aircraft. The interaction between fungal-induced degradation processes and coatings is described, and the methodology of the fault tree analysis (FTA) is presented. The interconnection of the basic factors through conventional AND and OR logic gates in the fault tree structure reveals vulnerabilities and potential failure pathways in the system. Mitigation actions can be directed at these basic factors to reduce or eliminate failure pathways, thereby reducing the overall risk of fungal-induced corrosion. Potential applications of FTA for corrosion mitigation, design and materials selection, and failure analysis are presented.
Sécurité, terreur et paradoxe démocratique (2008)

La diffusion du terrorisme dans les societes democratiques nous force a examiner une fois de plus le rapport entre la societe et la violence politique. Aujourd’hui dans le contexte de la menace croissante du terrorisme, la securite s’est imposee comme principe de base de l’activite de l’Etat. Ceci coincide egalement avec la neutralisation progressive de la politique et l’abandon progressif des missions traditionnelles de l’Etat. En meme temps, tout en pronant la securite comme une des mesures decisives d’administration publique, cette derniere a fini par devenir le critere unique de legitimation politique. On peut meme penser que la securite et le terrorisme forment un systeme simple dans lequel ils justifient et legitiment mutuellement leur action. En outre, les questions de securite se rapportent sans cesse a l’etat d’exception ou les mesures prises contribuent a la depolitisation croissante de la societe ; ce qui, a la longue, est en contradiction avec la democratie. C’est a la politique democratique d’avoir la charge d’empecher le developpement des conditions qui menent a la haine, a la terreur et a la destruction, pour ne pas etre reduite a tenter d’y trouver remede une fois qu’elles se produisent.
Voltage measurements at the vacuum post-hole convolute of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>pulsed-power accelerator (2014)

Presented are voltage measurements taken near the load region on the $Z$ pulsed-power accelerator using an inductive voltage monitor (IVM). Specifically, the IVM was connected to, and thus monitored the voltage at, the bottom level of the accelerator's vacuum double post-hole convolute. Additional voltage and current measurements were taken at the accelerator's vacuum-insulator stack (at a radius of 1.6 m) by using standard $D$-dot and $B$-dot probes, respectively. During postprocessing, the measurements taken at the stack were translated to the location of the IVM measurements by using a lossless propagation model of the $Z$ accelerator's magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) and a lumped inductor model of the vacuum post-hole convolute. Across a wide variety of experiments conducted on the $Z$ accelerator, the voltage histories obtained from the IVM and the lossless propagation technique agree well in overall shape and magnitude. However, large-amplitude, high-frequency oscillations are more pronounced in the IVM records. It is unclear whether these larger oscillations represent true voltage oscillations at the convolute or if they are due to noise pickup and/or transit-time effects and other resonant modes in the IVM. Results using a transit-time-correction technique and Fourier analysis support the latter. Regardless of which interpretation is correct, both true voltage oscillations and the excitement of resonant modes could be the result of transient electrical breakdowns in the post-hole convolute, though more information is required to determine definitively if such breakdowns occurred. Despite the larger oscillations in the IVM records, the general agreement found between the lossless propagation results and the results of the IVM shows that large voltages are transmitted efficiently through the MITLs on $Z$. These results are complementary to previous studies [R. D. McBride et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 13, 120401 (2010)] that showed efficient transmission of large currents through the MITLs on $Z$. Taken together, the two studies demonstrate the overall efficient delivery of very large electrical powers through the MITLs on $Z$.
SelectiveSynthesis of Bi2Te3/WS2 Heterostructureswith Strong Interlayer Coupling (2020)

The\nvertical integration of atomically thin-layered materials to\ncreate van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) has been proposed as\na method to design nanostructures with emergent properties. In this\nwork, epitaxial Bi&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Te&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/WS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; vdWHs\nare synthesized via a two-step vapor deposition process. It is calculated\nthat the vdWH has an indirect band gap with a valence band edge that\nbridges the vdW gap, resulting in a quenched photoluminescence (PL)\nfrom the WS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; monolayer, reduced intensity of its resonance\nRaman vibrational peaks, improved vertical charge transport, and a\ndecrease in the intensity of second harmonic generation (SHG). Furthermore,\nit is observed that induced defects strongly influence the nucleation\nand growth of vdWHs. By creating point defects in WS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; monolayers,\nit is shown that the growth of Bi&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Te&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; platelets\ncan be patterned. This work offers important insights into the synthesis,\ndefect engineering, and moiré engineering of an emerging class\nof two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures.
Energy requirements for unfolding and membrane translocation of precursor proteins during import into mitochondria. (1990)

ATP is involved in conferring transport competence to numerous mitochondrial precursor proteins in the cytosol. Unfolded precursor proteins were found not to require ATP for import into mitochondria, suggesting a role of ATP in the unfolding of precursors. Here we report the unexpected finding that a hybrid protein containing the tightly folded passenger protein dihydrofolate reductase becomes unfolded and specifically translocated across the mitochondrial membranes independently of added ATP. Moreover, interaction of the precursor with the mitochondrial receptor components does not require ATP. The results suggest that ATP is not involved in the actual process of unfolding during membrane translocation of precursors. ATP rather appears to be necessary for preventing the formation of improper structures of precursors in the cytosol and for folding of imported polypeptides on (and release from) chaperone-like molecules in the mitochondrial matrix.
Hierarchical clustering of the data vortex optical interconnection network (2007)

The data vortex photonic interconnection network is studied for application to clustering and hierarchical layering of nodes. Performance is examined for varying cluster counts and under loads of varying network locality. In today's technology, similar performance is attained at high network communication locality loads (&gt;2/3), and a 19% latency reduction is obtained at the highest locality loads (&gt;95%) for current optical switching technology. For projected future technology, the clustered system is shown to yield up to a 55% reduction in latency for applications with 2/3 or better locality.
iMetaLab 1.0: a web platform for metaproteomics data analysis (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bare-Metal or Drug-Eluting Stents for Coronary Artery Disease? (2007)

Recent reports of increased risk for late stent thrombosis in the treatment of coronary artery disease with drug-eluting stents (DES) have prompted physicians to reduce the use of this device and increase the use of bare metal stents (BMS). Now, investigators have used population-based data from a large registry in western Denmark to compare outcomes with both devices at …
Dual-Color Fluorescent Microscope on Chip for 3D Imaging of Single Cells (2019)

Recent advances in microscopy allowed imaging from whole embrios, down to the organelles inside a single cell by improving the spatial and temporal resolution. However, one major challenge is to provide accurate statistical analysis that takes into account the heterogeneity of cells, which has been evidenced even in nominally homogeneous populations. New imaging platforms able to perform recording and analysis of multiple samples with minimal photodamage are therefore required. Three dimensional optical microscopy techniques, such as light sheet microscopy [1], have shown to be a powerful tool to rapidly image biological samples at high spatial resolution, nevertheless complex sample preparation and system alignment still limits the imaging of multiple specimen. Few integrated approaches have been proposed [2], and we recently demonstrated a selective plane microscope on-chip [3] that permits to analyze cellular spheroids at high throughput.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments and Recent Advancements in the Field of Endogenous Amino Acid Selective Bond Forming Reactions for Bioconjugation (2015)

Abstract Review: 819 refs.
Maternal and Fetal Effects of Epinephrine in Gravid Ewes (1986)

Intravenous cannulation by an epidural catheter may complicate epidural anesthesia. Local anesthetic solutions containing epinephrine produce tachycardia and hypertension when given intravenously and may identify intravenous placement. The authors studied the maternal and fetal effects of intravenous epinephrine-containing solutions in ten chronically instrumented gravid ewes. While continuously monitoring maternal and fetal effects, epinephrine 5, 10, or 20 micrograms iv bolus was injected. Solutions of bupivacaine 5 mg and bupivacaine 5 mg combined with epinephrine 10 micrograms given iv were also examined. All epinephrine-containing solutions produced a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in maternal mean arterial pressure, which returned to baseline after 1 min. Maternal heart rates decreased transiently and returned to baseline after 1 min. All epinephrine-containing solutions decreased uterine blood flow (UBF) (P less than 0.001), and, for doses of 10 to 20 micrograms, this decrease lasted more than 3 min. Fetal heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure did not change following any test solution, nor did maternal or fetal arterial blood gas values. The authors conclude that small intravenous boluses of epinephrine decreased UBF in these animals.
Mastering all sub-assemblies of medium-voltage circuit-breaker and racking truck system ensures reliability and robustness (2017)

The field experience on medium-voltage equipment and the study of the behaviour of the equipment in the environmental conditions must be taken into account in new developments. Analyses conducted through customer experience show the real conditions faced by operators. The control of sub-assemblies and interfaces of a circuit-breaker is therefore crucial to ensure the reliability of the complete product. Given all constraints, the scope of a product development must ensure that performances in the areas of uncertainty are validated by simulation, testing and mastery of industrial processes. This study describes the key areas that must be mastered to ensure robustness in design, validation and industrialisation, such as vacuum interrupters with compactness and performance targets to achieve, the circuit-breaker with dielectric performances in a constrained environment. A new multi-functional circuit-breaker racking and disconnection racking truck associated with an earthing switch in a compact and optimised environment including interlocking safety is described. Finally, it is shown that digitisation is the key feature to move forward to predictive and proactive maintenance.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Novel Phenotypic Expression of Desmosomal Mutation in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (ARVD). Prevalence and Clinical Significance in Patients Evaluated For ARVD (2007)

Abstract 1768 Harikrishna Tandri, Darshan Dalal, Aditya Jain, Daniel P Judge, Theodore Abraham, Cynthia James, Samanthapudi K Daya, Crystal Tichnell, Stuart Russell, Hugh Calkins, David A Bluemke, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD Harikrishna Tandri, 2007 Finalist and Presenting Author
Analysis of Nerve and Neuropeptide Patterns in Vacuum-Assisted Closure–Treated Diabetic Murine Wounds (2010)

This study suggests that vacuum-assisted closure therapy can modulate nerve fiber and neuropeptide production in the wound. Optimized kinetics of vacuum-assisted closure application may provide an opportunity for clinicians to further improve wound healing in denervated wounds such as pressure sores and diabetic foot ulcerations.
High-performance nonhydrogenated nickel-induced laterally crystallized P-channel poly-Si TFTs (2005)

High-performance nickel-induced laterally crystallized (NILC) p-channel poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated without hydrogenation. Two different thickness of Ni seed layers are selected to make high-performance p-type TFTs. A very thin seed layer (e.g., 5 /spl Aring/) leads to marginally better performance in terms of transconductance (Gm) and threshold voltage (V/sub th/) than the case of a 60 /spl Aring/ Ni seed layer. However, the p-type poly-Si TFTs crystallized by the very thin Ni seeding result in more variation in both V/sub th/ and G/sub m/ from transistor to transistor. It is believed that differences in the number of laterally grown polycrystalline grains along the channel cause the variation seen between 5 /spl Aring/ NILC TFTs compared to 60-/spl Aring/ NILC TFTs. The 60 /spl Aring/ NILC nonhydrogenated TFTs show consistent high performance, i.e., typical electrical characteristics have a linear field-effect hole mobility of 156 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-S, subthreshold swing of 0.16 V/dec, V/sub th/ of -2.2 V, on-off ratio of >10/sup 8/, and off-current of <1×10/sup -14/ A/μm when V/sub d/ equals -0.1 V.
Crystalline Microporous MoVBiO Polyoxometalates for Indirect Oxidation of Methanol to Methyl Formate: Effects of Organic Additives on Crystals Size and Catalytic Performance (2022)

Abstract Crystalline porous Mo‐V‐Bi oxides (MoVBiO) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis approach. The effects of organic additives (methanol and tartaric acid) on the morphology and particle size of the MoVBiO crystals were investigated. The size of MoVBiO crystals was tuned in the range of 30–300 nm. It was found that methanol accelerated the formation of crystal nuclei resulting in the crystallization of small particles (30 nm), while tartaric acid inhibited the nucleation thus resulting in MoVBiO crystals with a size of 300 nm. The as‐synthesized MoVBiO samples were used in the indirect oxidation of methanol to methyl formate. The MoVBiO crystals with a size of 30 nm, synthesized with methanol, showed a high methyl nitrite conversion of 92 % and methyl formate selectivity of 94 % at 140 °C. The catalyst exhibited a relatively slow but almost constant deactivation over 50 h due to deposition of reaction species. The small MoVBiO crystals (30 nm) with more surface active sites and accessibility showed high performance in the oxidation of methanol to methyl formate in contrast to the big crystals (300 nm).
Stability of linear feedback systems with random communication delays (1994)

Integral control of large-scale systems implies coordination of activities by information exchange via communication networks. Usually these networks are shared with other users. Thus traffic conditions in the network may introduce time-varying random delays in the control loop with adverse effects on its performance and stability. Hence, the control must be designed to compensate for these delays. Recent work in modelling integrated control and communication systems has shown that the communication specific phenomena inducing random communication delays (such as multirate sampling, vacant sampling and message rejection) may be encompassed by finite-dimensional linear discrete-time models, provided that the plant and the controller are linear and time invariant. Existing approaches to the design of integrated control systems rely on conservative stability tests, because only sufficient stability conditions were found for systems with random time-varying delays. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are found for zero-state mean-square exponential stability of the considered class of control systems. Numerical tests for zero-state stability are outlined and illustrated by a simple example. Finally, the results are also demonstrated on specific hardware, a multiprocessor real-time control network which has been recently developed.
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Arachidonylglycerol from Single-Cell Oil (2006)

2-Arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) has a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical applications. A three-step method was developed to synthesize 2-AG. Firstly, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was enriched from saponified single cell oil by means of low temperature solvent crystallization, which gave a PUFA-rich fatty acid fraction with 74.71 wt% arachidonic acid and a corresponding yield of 97.1%. Secondly, triacylglycerol was obtained via lipase-catalyzed esterification of PUFA-rich fatty acid with glycerol. The TAG contents in the glyceride fraction reached 96 wt% with a degree of esterification of 94% after 6 h. Finally, the ethanolysis of TAG catalyzed by Novozym 435 resulted in regioisomerically pure (＞98 mol%) 2-monoacylglycerol containing 96.5 mol% PUFA. This final product contained 72 mol% 2-AG with a yield of 25.76% (the theoretical yield is 33.3%). When tri-arachidonylglycerol (purity 96 mol%) was used as the substrate in the third step, 2-AG with purity and yield of 97.1 mol% and 27.3%, respectively, was obtained. Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of 2-AG was carried out by means of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
Direct Demonstration of &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; Biofilm in an External Ventricular Drain in a Patient with a History of Recurrent Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Failure (2010)

External ventricular drains (EVD) are associated with a high infection rate. Early detection of infection is frequently problematic due to a lack of clinical signs and the time period required for culturing. Bacterial biofilms have been suggested to play an important role in the infection of EVD, but direct evidence is as yet lacking. We report the case of a 17- year-old male with Dandy-Walker malformation who presented with headache, nausea and drowsiness; a CT scan revealed enlarged ventricles. The patient had a history of ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision 3 weeks prior to admission. The shunt was removed on suspicion of infection and an EVD placed. Daily surveillance cultures through the EVD were negative and the EVD was replaced on day 5. Examination of the initial EVD by confocal microscopy demonstrated clear intraluminal biofilm formation; molecular analysis by PCR identified Staphylococcus aureus resident on the catheter. To our knowledge, this is the first direct demonstration of an intraluminal biofilm compromising an EVD. Despite the presence of biofilm on this catheter, the patient demonstrated no clinical signs of infection, and the routine surveillance culture was negative. Undetected biofilm may pose a latent risk on EVD and other neurosurgical catheters.
Selected properties of pH‐sensitive, biodegradable chitosan–poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (2004)

Abstract Chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were used to form a semi‐interpenetrating polymeric network with glutaraldehyde as the cross‐linker. The molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of the chitosan were 612 kDa and 72 %, respectively. The chemical bonds formed by the cross‐linking reaction and transition of these bonds in different pH media were investigated. The gelation property of the chitosan–PVA pregel solution and mechanical properties of the hydrogel were studied. The FTIR spectra of the hydrogel before and after swelling at pH 3 and pH 7 indicated formation of Schiff's base (CN) and NH 3 + . They also showed pH‐induced transition of CN to CN, and NH 3 + to NH 2 , as well as the instability of the Schiff's base. The chitosan is essential for hydrogel formation through Schiff's base reaction between the amino groups of the chitosan and the aldehyde groups of the glutaraldehyde. The addition of PVA improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. However, PVA tends to leach out at longer swelling times in the acidic medium due to hydrolysis of the gel networks, Schiff's base. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry