gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards clinical grating-interferometry mammography (2019)

• Grating-interferometry-based mammography (GIM) might facilitate breast cancer detection, since it is sensitive to refraction and scattering and thus provides additional tissue information. • The most straightforward way to do grating-interferometry in the clinics is to modify a standard mammography device. • In a first approximation, the doses given with this technique seem to be similar to those of conventional mammography.
Distributed concurrency control based on limited wait-depth (1993)

The performance of high-volume transaction processing systems for business applications is determined by the degree of contention for hardware resources as well as for data. Hardware resource requirements may be met cost-effectively with a data-partitioned or shared-nothing architecture. However, the two-phase locking (2PL) concurrency control method may restrict the performance of a shared-nothing system more severely than that of a centralized system due to increased lock holding times. Deadlock detection and resolution are an added complicating factor in shared-nothing systems. The authors describe distributed Wait-Depth Limited (WDL) concurrency control (CC), a locking-based distributed CC method that limits the wait-depth of blocked transactions to one, thus preventing the occurrence of deadlocks. Several implementations of distributed WDL which vary in the number of messages and the amount of information available for decision making are discussed. The performance of a generic implementation of distributed WDL is compared with distributed 2PL (with general-waiting policy) and the Wound-Wait CC method through a detailed simulation. It is shown that distributed WDL behaves similarly to 2PL for low lock contention levels, but for substantial lock contention levels (caused by higher degrees of transaction concurrency), distributed WDL outperforms the other methods to a significant degree.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On the performance of orthogonal space-time block coding with quantized feedback (2002)

Orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) is a recent technique that provides maximal diversity gains on a space-time channel at a very modest computational cost. Recently, several authors have suggested to improve the performance of an OSTBC system by using a feedback of channel state information from the receiver to the transmitter. In this letter, we study the performance of an OSTBC system with quantized low-rate feedback. We establish conditions under which the system achieves full diversity and we also analyze the performance of a method that employs a feedback consisting of only one information bit.
Architecture and Performance of a Practical IP Fast Reroute Implementation (2008)

IP fast reroute (IP FRR) denominates a set of methods and technologies for proactive, local recovery in IP networks. It has received much attention recently, in the research community and the IETF. Several proposals for IP FRR have been published by independent research groups, and main properties and trade-offs are understood. However, only simulation-based and analytical evaluations are known to be performed so far. In this paper we present the architecture and evaluate performance of the first known practical implementation of IP FRR. The architecture features a modular approach consisting of an IP FRR framework and exchangeable backup path calculation modules. The performance evaluation is based on an implementation of multiple routing configurations. The implementation provide throughput that closely matches the achieved performance during normal operation.
Incidental resection of a scrotal aggressive angiomyxoma mimicking a spermatocele: a case report (2018)

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm, occurring mainly in females. It is located in the pelvis and perineum, with known metastasis and hormone sensitivity only in females. Local recurrence is relatively common. We describe the case of a 62-year-old man who presented with symptoms and signs of a spermatocele. Scrotal exploration with surgical excision of the lesion was done. Because a benign setting was assumed, no radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed. The specimen sent to pathology confirmed an aggressive angiomyxoma with positive resection margins. Despite the plurality of benign scrotal masses such as spermatoceles or hydroceles, rare neoplasms should always be kept in mind. Hence, complete excision should be performed whenever possible. We selected an active surveillance strategy despite positive margins, since there is no described case of metastasis in men to date. Therefore, regular scrotal ultrasound examinations every 3 months were arranged as follow-up.
In vitro Protein-DNA Binding Assay (AlphaScreen&amp;#174; Technology) (2019)

Identification of specific DNA binding sites of transcription factors is important in understanding their functions. Recent techniques allow us to investigate genome-wide <i>in vivo</i> binding positions by chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing. However, to further explore the binding motifs of transcription factors, in-depth biochemical analysis is required. Here, we describe an efficient protocol of protein-DNA interactions based on a combination of our <i>in vitro</i> transcription/translation system and AlphaScreen<sup>®</sup> technology. The <i>in vitro</i> transcription/translation system supports an efficient and quick way of protein synthesis by alleviating cumbersome cloning steps. In addition, AlphaScreen<sup>®</sup> system provides a highly sensitive, quick, and easy handling platform to investigate the protein-DNA interactions <i>in vitro</i>. Thus, our method largely contributes to comprehensive analysis of the biochemical properties of transcription factors.
Invited Paper: Intelligent Agent Support for Achieving Low Latency in Cloud-Native NextG Mobile Core Networks (2023)

Next-generation mobile core networks are being designed to support a variety of latency sensitive applications based on emerging virtual, augmented or mixed reality technologies. A cloud-native approach for 5G core has been proposed to meet the diverse service requirements of NextG while reducing both CAPEX and OPEX. In this context, microservice architecture for network function virtualization is generally considered to be suitable for meeting NextG service requirements. Despite many advantages, the cloud-native core raises new challenges in the design of NextG systems for latency critical applications. An approach to achieving diverse QoS requirements is proposed in this paper. Specifically, the design is based on an orchestrator called the MEC-Intelligent Agent (MEC-IA) which enables dynamic compute resource distribution and network slice assignment in the core for improved QoS. The MEC-IA framework realizes resource management by intelligently assigning UEs to the access and mobility management function (AMF) while also performing slice provisioning. Simulation results are presented for the proposed MEC-IA framework showing the median control plane delay reduced by a factor of 1.67 ×. Further, robustness of the system improves significantly, reflecting a better overall user experience since the percentage connection dropped at 3 × traffic volume reduces by 1.5 × and slices assignment increases by 1.4 × across all slices, even when the traffic arrival is skewed.
Delta encoding in HTTP (2002)

This document describes how delta encoding can be supported as a compatible extension to HTTP/1.1.
Model-Based Strategy Oriented To Pemfc System Prognostic For Bus Transportation Applications Based On Emr Formalism (2017)

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) domain, to predict the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) under dynamic operations is currently object of main interest both for research and PEMFC’ makers applications.
Relative contributions of rod and cone bipolar cell inputs to AII amacrine cell light responses in the mouse retina (2007)

AII amacrine cells (AIIACs) are crucial relay stations for rod-mediated signals in the mammalian retina and they receive synaptic inputs from depolarizing and hyperpolarizing bipolar cells (DBCs and HBCs) as well as from other amacrine cells. Using whole-cell voltage-clamp technique in conjunction with pharmacological tools, we found that the light-evoked current response of AIIACs in the mouse retina is almost completely mediated by two DBC synaptic inputs: a 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX)-resistant component mediated by cone DBCs (DBC(C)s) through an electrical synapse, and a DNQX-sensitive component mediated by rod DBCs (DBC(R)s). This scheme is supported by AIIAC current responses recorded from two knockout mice. The dynamic range of the AIIAC light response in the Bhlhb4-/- mouse (which lacks DBC(R)s) resembles that of the DNQX-resistant component, and that of the connexin36 (Cx36)-/- mouse resembles the DNQX-sensitive component. By comparing the light responses of the DBC(C)s with the DNQX-resistant AIIAC component, and light responses of the DBC(R)s with the DNQX-sensitive AIIAC component, we obtained the input-output relations of the DBC(C)-->AIIAC electrical synapse and the DBC(R)-->AIIAC chemical synapse. Similar to other glutamatergic chemical synapses in the retina, the DBC(R)-->AIIAC synapse is non-linear. Its highest voltage gain (approximately 5) is found near the dark membrane potential, and it saturates for presynaptic signals larger than 5.5 mV. The DBC(C)-->AIIAC electrical synapse is approximately linear (voltage gain of 0.92), consistent with the linear junctional conductance found in retinal electrical synapses. Moreover, relative DBC(R) and DBC(C) contributions to the AIIAC response at various light intensity levels are determined.
[Neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir: new means of defence against influenza]. (2004)

Recently two new neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir have been marketed. They appear to considerably reduce morbidity and mortality from influenza. Their adverse effects are infrequent and mild and the chance of development of pathogenically significant resistant mutants appears to be small. During the first six months of a pandemic, neuraminidase inhibitors are the only defence against the virus. It is therefore important to stockpile in each country sufficient quantities of these drugs. During the usual influenza epidemics the main value of neuraminidase inhibitors lies in their use for therapy, prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis in long-term care institutions for the elderly (for prophylaxis only oseltamivir is licensed). Although data on the effectiveness against complications of influenza and on the effect on people with an increased risk of (fatal) complications as a result of an influenza virus infection are limited, the available information on the effects of the neuraminidinase inhibitors indicates that these drugs will also protect against complications and that high-risk groups will benefit from the rapid deployment of these products. The cost-effectiveness of treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis with neuraminidinase inhibitors is probably not favourable for healthy children and adults but seems to be favourable for the high-risk groups (vaccinated or not) in winter.
Supplementary Data from Antibody-Mediated Delivery of Interleukin-2 to the Stroma of Breast Cancer Strongly Enhances the Potency of Chemotherapy (2023)

Supplementary Data from Antibody-Mediated Delivery of Interleukin-2 to the Stroma of Breast Cancer Strongly Enhances the Potency of Chemotherapy
The intermediate in a nitrate-responsive ω-amidase pathway in plants may signal ammonium assimilation status (2022)

A metabolite of ammonium assimilation was previously theorized to be involved in the coordination of the overall nitrate response in plants. Here we show that 2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline, made by transamination of glutamine, the first product of ammonium assimilation, may be involved in signaling a plant's ammonium assimilation status. In leaves, 2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline met four foundational requirements to be such a signal. First, when it was applied to foliage, enzyme activities of nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation increased; the activities of key tricarboxylic acid cycle-associated enzymes that help to supply carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis also increased. Second, its leaf pools increased as nitrate availability increased. Third, the pool size of its precursor, Gln, reflected ammonium assimilation rather than photorespiration. Fourth, it was widely conserved among monocots, dicots, legumes, and nonlegumes and in plants with C3 or C4 metabolism. Made directly from the first product of ammonium assimilation, 2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline acted as a nitrate uptake stimulant. When 2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline was provided to roots, the plant's nitrate uptake rate approximately doubled. Plants exogenously provided with 2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline to either roots or leaves accumulated greater biomass. A model was constructed that included the proposed roles of 2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline as a signal molecule of ammonium assimilation status in leaves, as a stimulator of nitrate uptake by roots and nitrate downloading from the xylem. In summary, a glutamine metabolite made in the ω-amidase pathway stimulated nitrate uptake by roots and was likely to be a signal of ammonium assimilation status in leaves. A chemical synthesis method for 2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline was also developed.
[Development of new cell fusion technique by laser device and application to bio-medical field]. (1997)

We developed a new cell fusion method which was sterile, noncontact, and selective technique under the microscope, using the micro-processing device by LASER. By this technique, we succeeded in fusing myeloma cell (SP2) and lymphocyte in mouse. We also defined the proliferation of the fused cells in HAT medium and the function of the fused cells in the Ouchterlony method, i.e. production of IgG. This method enable us to make hybridomas from very small number of cells and to fuse target cells selectively. This method is applicable to fuse cells which are difficult to be fused by conventional methods.
Structural studies of group 5B–halide–dithio-ligand complexes. Part 6. Crystal structures of dichloro (NN-diethyldithiocarbamato) tris(pyridine)-bismuth(<scp>III</scp>)–pyridine (1/1) and its di-iodo-analogue (1981)

Recrystallization of [Bi(S2CNEt2)X2], X = Cl, Br, or I, from pyridine solution has been shown to yield adducts Bi(S2CNEt2)X2(py)4. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations have shown the three compounds to be isomorphous within a monoclinic unit cell (P21/c) with a ca. 13.7, b ca. 14.4, c ca. 16.0 Å, βca. 93–101°, Z= 4, and to comprise [Bi(S2CNEt2)X2(py)3] molecules with a further pyridine solvate molecule in the lattice. The bismuth environment is pseudo-seven-co-ordinate, the pyridine ligands being rather loosely bound, and the stereochemistry pseudo-pentagonal bipyramidal, with axial halogen substituents (Bi–Cl,2.69; Bi–l, 3.06Å).
Mind the gaps in research on the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of farmed ruminants and pigs (2017)

Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode control has an important role to play in increasing livestock production from a limited natural resource base and to improve animal health and welfare. In this synthetic review, we identify key research priorities for GI nematode control in farmed ruminants and pigs, to support the development of roadmaps and strategic research agendas by governments, industry and policymakers. These priorities were derived from the DISCONTOOLS gap analysis for nematodes and follow-up discussions within the recently formed Livestock Helminth Research Alliance (LiHRA). In the face of ongoing spread of anthelmintic resistance (AR), we are increasingly faced with a failure of existing control methods against GI nematodes. Effective vaccines against GI nematodes are generally not available, and anthelmintic treatment will therefore remain a cornerstone for their effective control. At the same time, consumers and producers are increasingly concerned with environmental issues associated with chemical parasite control. To address current challenges in GI nematode control, it is crucial to deepen our insights into diverse aspects of epidemiology, AR, host immune mechanisms and the socio-psychological aspects of nematode control. This will enhance the development, and subsequent uptake, of the new diagnostics, vaccines, pharma-/nutraceuticals, control methods and decision support tools required to respond to the spread of AR and the shifting epidemiology of GI nematodes in response to climatic, land-use and farm husbandry changes. More emphasis needs to be placed on the upfront evaluation of the economic value of these innovations as well as the socio-psychological aspects to prioritize research and facilitate uptake of innovations in practice. Finally, targeted regulatory guidance is needed to create an innovation-supportive environment for industries and to accelerate the access to market of new control tools.
First Friedel−Crafts Diacylation of a Phenanthrene as the Basis for an Efficient Synthesis of Nonracemic [7]Helicenes (2000)

Reported are the first examples of Friedel-Crafts reactions used to prepare 3,6-diacylphenanthrenes. 9,10-Dimethoxyphenanthrene gives its 3,6-diacetyl derivative in good yield and in large amounts. The ketone's triisopropylsilyl enol ether when combined with 1, 4-benzoquinone forms a [7]helicenebisquinone. This bisquinone's reduction product, a bishydroquinone, when combined with methanolic HCl gives the [7]helicene whose peripheral side chains are all methoxyls but whose interior hydroxyls remain. The diastereomeric (1S)-(-)-camphanates can be separated by crystallization. Their structures, analyzed by X-ray diffraction, demonstrate that the camphanates' lactone functions point away from the ring system when the helicene has the (P) configuration and toward it when the helicene has the (M) configuration. This is because the camphanates' O=C-C-O dihedral angles are, as expected, close to 0 degrees in the former and close to 180 degrees in the latter. Other derivatives of 3,6-diacetylphenanthrene and of [7]helicenebisquinone are prepared, and the crystal structure of one of the latter is analyzed.
Swelling Behaviors of 3D Printed Hydrogel and Hydrogel-Microcarrier Composite Scaffolds (2021)

The present study sought to demonstrate the swelling behavior of hydrogel-microcarrier composite constructs to inform their use in controlled release and tissue engineering applications. In this study, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and GelMA-gelatin microparticle (GMP) composite constructs were three-dimensionally printed, and their swelling and degradation behavior was evaluated over time and as a function of the degree of crosslinking of included GMPs. GelMA-only constructs and composite constructs loaded with GMPs crosslinked with 10 mM (GMP-10) or 40 mM (GMP-40) glutaraldehyde were swollen in phosphate-buffered saline for up to 28 days to evaluate changes in swelling and polymer loss. In addition, scaffold reswelling capacity was evaluated under five successive drying-rehydration cycles. All printed materials demonstrated shear thinning behavior, with microparticle additives significantly increasing viscosity relative to the GelMA-only solution. Swelling results demonstrated that for GelMA/GMP-10 and GelMA/GMP-40 scaffolds, fold and volumetric swelling were statistically higher and lower, respectively, than for GelMA-only scaffolds after 28 days, and the volumetric swelling of GelMA and GelMA/GMP-40 scaffolds decreased over time. After 5 drying-rehydration cycles, GelMA scaffolds demonstrated higher fold swelling than both GMP groups while also showing lower volumetric swelling than GMP groups. Although statistical differences were not observed in the swelling of GMP-10 and GMP-40 particles alone, the interaction of GelMA/GMP demonstrated a significant effect on the swelling behaviors of composite scaffolds. These results demonstrate an example hydrogel-microcarrier composite system's swelling behavior and can inform the future use of such a composite system for controlled delivery of bioactive molecules <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> in tissue engineering applications. Impact statement In this study, porous three-dimensional printed (3DP) hydrogel constructs with and without natural polymer microcarriers were fabricated to observe swelling and degradation behavior under continuous swelling and drying-rehydration cycle conditions. Inclusion of microcarriers with different crosslinking densities led to distinct swelling behaviors for each biomaterial ink tested. 3DP hydrogel and hydrogel-microcarrier composite scaffolds have been commonly used in tissue engineering for the delivery of biomolecules. This study demonstrates the swelling behavior of porous hydrogel and hydrogel-microcarrier scaffolds that may inform later use of such materials for controlled release applications in a variety of fields including materials development and tissue regeneration.
Protective Effect of Zinc Against Ischemic Neuronal Injury in a Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model (2006)

In this study, we investigated the effect of vesicular zinc on ischemic neuronal injury. In cultured neurons, addition of a low concentration (under 100 microM) of zinc inhibited both glutamate-induced calcium influx and neuronal death. In contrast, a higher concentration (over 150 microM) of zinc decreased neuronal viability, although calcium influx was inhibited. These results indicate that zinc exhibits biphasic effects depending on its concentration. Furthermore, in cultured neurons, co-addition of glutamate and CaEDTA, which binds extra-cellular zinc, increased glutamate-induced calcium influx and aggravated the neurotoxicity of glutamate. In a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, the infarction volume, which is related to the neurotoxicity of glutamate, increased rapidly on the intracerebral ventricular injection of CaEDTA 30 min prior to occlusion. These results suggest that zinc released from synaptic vesicles may provide a protective effect against ischemic neuronal injury.
A versatile designed synthesis of magnetically separable nano-catalysts with well-defined core–shell nanostructures (2013)

Multifunctional microspheres with core–shell structures consisting of a core of nonporous carbon-protected magnetite particles, a transition layer of active Pd (or Pt) nanoparticles, and an outer shell of ordered mesoporous silica with perpendicularly aligned pore channels were synthesized based on colloid and interface chemistry. As a magnetically separable catalyst system, such microspheres hold a good potential in liquid phase catalysis.
Pericyte Modulation of Tubular Formation and Cytoskeletal Actin Distribution in Pulmonary Microvessel Endothelial Cells (1993)

Lung pericytes (PC) have been isolated and identified by several criteria: morphology, immunology, and contractile response. Evidence is presented that pulmonary PC in coculture affect endothelial cell (EC) differentiation by stimulating tube formation and by promoting a dense peripheral band of actin that in turn promotes close apposition of EC. These cellular changes appear to be regulated in part by low levels (0.01 ng/ml) of transforming growth factor beta.