gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Hugoniot-measurement experiments on hard ceramics using a high-speed streak camera&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

It is important to use high time-resolved photonics system and to use good quality specimens for the shock-wave measurements of ceramics, because the sound velocities are very fast, and their shock compression behaviors are complicated compared with those of metals. We produced the rotating-mirror type streak camera with the maximum streak rate to film of faster than 10 mm/microsecond(s) and the intense Xenon-flash lamp, and have been measuring the Hugoniot data of various kinds of ceramics by the inclined-mirror method. In this report, the high-velocity streak photonics system combined with a powder gun is described, and the measurement experiments on some hard ceramics (Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>, AlN and B<SUB>4</SUB>C ceramics) are reviewed.
Measurement of 0-1 ml volumes using the procedure of capacitive dependent crystals (2002)

In the paper the use of a differential oscillator sensor structure in a capacitance sensor is presented. Investigation was focused on the design and operation analysis of the oscillator differential structure in which the oscillation frequencies of the two oscillators are very close, and on the application analysis of capacitive dependent crystals. In addition, the excitation of the entire sensor with stochastic test signals has been analysed by the correlation deconvolution method which is also called the Direct Digital Method (DDM). When designing the capacitance sensor the problems regarding the source of stable oscillation, compensation of temperature, the influence of supply voltage, noise, and A/D and D/A conversion occur in the operation range under 1 pF. The pulse width module, which forms pulse width modulated high frequency current pulses, is the proposed solution. With these pulses the capacitor in the integration element is charged or discharged. In this way we benefit from the fact that the capacitor's voltage increases linearly if it is charging by a constant current. As the charging is affected only by the current pulses which require an adequate current the disturbing noise signals do not affect the capacitor charging. The correlation determination of the measuring value is primarily important for the determination of end values. The experimental results of 0-1 ml volume measurements are shown. The volume measurement uncertainty (0-1 ml) is less than 0.05% (T=15 to 25/spl deg/C).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
INDUCTION OF REG GENE EXPRESSION, IN VITRO, IN HUMAN ISLETS (2003)

OMORI, KEIKO1; MATSUDA, TAKERU1; FERRERI, KEVIN1; TODOROV, IVAN1; OKAMOTO, HIROSHI2; TAKASAWA, SHIN2; KANDEEL, FOUAD1; MULLEN, YOKO1 Author Information
Occurrence of Pineal Gland Tumors in Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies in Wistar Rats (2015)

Pineal gland tumors are very rare brain lesions in rats as well as in other species including humans. A total of 8 (out of 1,360 examined) Wistar rats from 3 different combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity or mere carcinogenicity studies revealed pineal gland tumors. The tumors were regarded to be spontaneous and unrelated to treatment. The morphology and immunohistochemical evaluation led to the diagnosis malignant pinealoma. The main characteristics that were variably developed within the tumors were the following: cellular atypia, high mitotic index, giant cells, necrosis, Homer Wright rosettes, Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes and pseudorosettes, positive immunohistochemical reaction for synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase. The pineal gland is not a protocol organ for histopathological examination in carcinogenicity studies. Nevertheless, the pineal gland can occasionally be encountered on the routine brain section or if it is the origin of a tumor protruding into the brain, the finding will be recorded. Therefore, although known to be a rare tumor in rats, pineal neoplasms should be included in the list of possible differential diagnoses for brain tumors, especially when the tumor is located in the region of the pineal body.
A chemical solution approach for superconducting and hard epitaxial NbC film (2010)

Epitaxial NbC thin films were grown by a chemical solution technique, polymer assisted deposition. High quality epitaxial NbC film showed a transition temperature of 10 K and a hardness of 19.54 GPa.
A Compact Single-Stage Wide-Band Balun: A 4:1 Wide-Band Transmission-Line Balun Based on a Combination of Two Different Ferrite Cores (2017)

This article presents the design procedure and measurement results for a 4:1 wide-band transmission-line balun based on a combination of two different ferrite cores. The balun ranked first at the Student Design Competition for "Wide-Band Baluns" that took place during the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) 2017 International Microwave Symposium (IMS2017) in Honolulu, Hawaii, last May and sponsored by Technical Coordinating Committee MTT-17. Each competition team was required to bring a balun designed by the students. The team that achieved the widest measured bandwidth, from 300 kHz to 1 GHz under the competition rules, was named the winner.
Independent Generation of C5‘-Nucleosidyl Radicals in Thymidine and 2‘-Deoxyguanosine (2007)

The synthesis of the C5' tert-butyl ketone of thymidine 1a and 2'-deoxyguanosine 2 is achieved by reaction of 5'-C-cyano derivatives with tert-butyl lithium followed by acid hydrolysis. The 5'R configuration is assigned by X-ray crystal structure determination of an opportunely protected derivative of 1a. The (5'S)-isomers of both nucleosides are not stable, and a complete decomposition occurs in the reaction medium. The photochemistry of 1a and 2 effectively produced the thymidin-5'-yl radical and the 2'-deoxyguanosin-5'-yl radical, respectively. In the thymidine system, the C5' radical is fully quenched in the presence of a physiological concentration of thiols. In the 2'-deoxyguanosine system, the C5' radical undergoes intramolecular attack onto the C8-N7 double bond of guanine leading ultimately to the 5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine derivative. The cyclization of the 2'-deoxyguanosin-5'-yl radical occurs with a rate constant of ca. 1x10(6) s-1 and is highly stereoselective affording only the (5'S)-diastereomer.
Metasurface Superstrate for 5G Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement (2022)

This paper discusses a dual-layer metasurface (MSF) superstrate, consisting of double split-ring resonator cells in the 28 GHz 5G mm-wave frequency band. The MSF superstrate is added above a conventional patch antenna, and an enhancement in the performance of the patch antenna in terms of bandwidth and gain is achieved. This is due to the negative index metamaterial (NIM) properties of the designed MSF superstrate. In this design, the impedance bandwidth is improved from 2.6 GHz to 3.6 GHz, while the gain of the patch antenna is increased from 6.59 dBi to 12.9 dBi. The simplicity of the design to achieve a higher gain and broader bandwidth makes it a suitable candidate for applications in 5G mm-wave communications.
Wide-field spontaneous Raman spectroscopy imaging system for biological tissue interrogation (2016)

Raman spectroscopy has shown great promise as a method to discriminate between cancerous and normal tissue/cells for a range of oncology applications using microscopy and tissue interrogation instruments such as handheld probes and needles. Here we are presenting preliminary steps toward the development of a practical handheld macroscopic Raman spectroscopy instrument, demonstrating its capabilities to discriminate between different biological tissue types during ex vivo porcine experiments. The novel probe design can image a field of view of 25 mm<sup>2</sup> with a spatial resolution <100 μm and an average spectral resolution of 95 cm<sup>-1</sup>, covering the fingerprint region between 450 to 1750 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The ability of the system to produce tissue maps based on molecular characteristics is demonstrated using a neural network machine learning technique.
Dietary carotenoids and the risk of invasive breast cancer (2009)

Certain classes of vitamins and nutrients found in fruits and vegetables have been of particular interest in relation to cancer prevention, owing to their potential anticarcinogenic properties. We examined the association between certain fruits, vegetables, carotenoids, and vitamin A and breast cancer risk in a large population-based case-control study of women residing in the states of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Wisconsin. The study was comprised of 5,707 women with incident invasive breast cancer (2,363 premenopausal women and 3,516 postmenopausal women) and 6,389 population controls (2,594 premenopausal women and 3,516 postmenopausal women). In an interview, women were asked about their intake of carotenoid rich fruits and vegetables 5 years prior to a referent date. An inverse association observed among premenopausal women was for high levels of vitamin A (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.98, p for trend = 0.01), beta-carotene (OR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.98, p for trend = 0.009), alpha-carotene (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.98, p for trend = 0.07) and lutein/zeaxanthin (OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.68-0.99, p for trend = 0.02). An inverse association was not observed among postmenopausal women. Among premenopausal women who reported ever smoking, these results were stronger than among never smokers, although tests for interaction were not statistically significant. Results from this study are comparable to previous prospective studies, and suggest that a high consumption of carotenoids may reduce the risk of premenopausal but not postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly among smokers.
Gadofluorine-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Yucatan Miniswine (2006)

Gadofluorine selectively enhances carotid atherosclerotic plaques in Yucatan miniswine. Gadofluorine appears to be a promising MR contrast agent for detection of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.
Potentiometric Ion Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
MRI monitoring of focal cerebral ischemia in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐deficient mice (2007)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a potential target for neuroprotection in focal ischemic stroke. These nuclear receptors have major effects in lipid metabolism, but they are also involved in inflammatory processes. Three PPAR isotypes have been identified: alpha, beta (or delta) and gamma. The development of PPAR transgenic mice offers a promising tool for prospective therapeutic studies. This study used MRI to assess the role of PPARalpha and PPARbeta in the development of stroke. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion induced focal ischemia in wild-type, PPARalpha-null mice and PPARbeta-null mice. T(2)-weighted MRI was performed with a 7 T MRI scan on day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 to monitor lesion growth in the various genotypes. General Linear Model statistical analysis found a significant difference in lesion volume between wild-type and PPAR-null mice for both alpha and beta isotypes. These data validate high-resolution MRI for monitoring cerebral ischemic lesions, and confirm the neuroprotective role of PPARalpha and PPARbeta in the brain.
JNK-mediated Phosphorylation of Cdc25C Regulates Cell Cycle Entry and G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint (2010)

c-Jun NH(2)-terminal Kinases (JNKs) play a central role in the cellular response to a wide variety of stress signals. After their activation, JNKs induce phosphorylation of substrates, which control proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation. Recent studies suggest that JNKs may also play a role in cell cycle control, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unexplored. Here we show that JNK directly phosphorylates Cdc25C at serine 168 during G(2) phase of the cell cycle. Cdc25C phosphorylation by JNK negatively regulates its phosphatase activity and thereby Cdk1 activation, enabling a timely control of mitosis onset. Unrestrained phosphorylation by JNK, as obtained by a cell cycle-stabilized form of JNK or as seen in some human tumors, results in aberrant cell cycle progression. Additionally, UV irradiation-induced G(2)/M checkpoint requires inactivation of Cdc25C by JNK phosphorylation. JNK phosphorylation of Cdc25C as well as Cdc25A establishes a novel link between stress signaling and unperturbed cell cycle and checkpoint pathways.
3% absolute efficiency gain on multicrystalline silicon solar cells by TiO2 antireflection coatings derived by APCVD process (2012)

This paper reports about the adaptation of the CVD thin films technology to the fabrication process of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells which is the key issue of modern method of photovoltaic power generation. In this contribution, the higher reflection of a mc-Si solar cell surface is strongly reduced by the deposition of TiO 2 antireflection coating (ARC) on the front using CVD method at atmospheric pressure (APCVD). The surface morphology and elemental composition of the TiO 2 antireflective layers were revealed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The reflectivity was then reduced from 35% to 8.6% leading to the increase of the short circuit current J sc which was about 33.86 mA/cm with a benefit of 5.23 mA/cm (surface area = 25 cm) compared to reference cell (without ARC). This simple and low cost technology induces a 14.26% conversion efficiency which is a gain of + 3% absolute in comparison to reference cell. These results are encouraging and prove the effectiveness of the APCVD method for efficiency enhancement in silicon solar cells.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nailbed (1990)

Guitart, J.; Bergfeld, W. F.; Tuthill, R. J.; Tubbs, R. R.; Zienowicz, R.; Fleegler, E. J. Author Information
I-65/I-70 South Split Pavement Reconstruction &amp; Bridge Replacement (2013)

The I-65/I-70 South Split Corridor in downtown Indianapolis was closed in September/October 2013 to facilitate rapid re-construction of the pavement and replacement of two girders on the Virginia Avenue Bridge, damaged by bridge strikes from over-height trucks. This video, compiled from a series of time lapse photographs, shows examples of the major construction activities which occurred over the course of the South Split project, beginning with the existing pavement removal, and ending with the interstate reopening. Additionally, a number of the video segments include time-matched plots which document the estimated quantities of materials used for that particular activity.
A microphysics guide to cirrus clouds – Part 1: Cirrus types (2015)

Abstract. The microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds continue to be beyond understanding and thus still represent one of the largest uncertainties in the prediction of the Earth's climate (IPCC, 2013). Our study aims to provide a guide to cirrus microphysics, which is compiled from an extensive set of model simulations, covering the broad range of atmospheric conditions for cirrus formation and evolution. The model results are portrayed in the same parameter space as field measurements, i.e. in the Ice Water Content-Temperature (IWC-T) parameter space. We validate this cirrus analysis approach by evaluating cirrus data sets from seventeen aircraft campaigns, conducted in the last fifteen years, spending about 94 h in cirrus over Europe, Australia, Brazil as well as Southern and Northern America. Altogether, the approach of this study is to track cirrus IWC development with temperature by means of model simulations, compare with observations and then assign, to a certain degree, cirrus microphysics to the observations. Indeed, the field observations show characteristics expected from the simulated cirrus guide. For example, high/low IWCs are found together with high/low ice crystal concentrations Nice. An important finding from our study is the classification of two types of cirrus with differing formation mechanisms and microphysical properties: the first cirrus type is rather thin with lower IWCs and forms directly as ice (in-situ origin cirrus). The second type consists predominantly of thick cirrus originating from mixed phase clouds (i.e. via freezing of liquid droplets – liquid origin cirrus), which are completely glaciated while lifting to the cirrus formation temperature region (&lt; 235 K). In the European field campaigns, in-situ origin cirrus occur frequently at slow updrafts in low and high pressure systems, but also in conjunction with faster updrafts. Also, liquid origin cirrus mostly related to warm conveyor belts are found. In the US and tropical campaigns, thick liquid origin cirrus which are formed in large convective systems are detected more frequently.
Ornithine decarboxylase as a target for chemoprevention (1995)

l-Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is essential for polyamine synthesis and growth in mammalian cells; it provides putrescine that is usually converted into the higher polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Many highly specific and potent inhibitors of ODC are based on the lead compound alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), which is an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor. DFMO is accepted as a substrate by ODC and is decarboxylated, leading to the formation of a highly reactive species that forms a covalent adduct with either cysteine-360 (90%) or lysine-69 (10%). Both modifications inactivate the enzyme. ODC activity is normally very highly regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels according to the growth state of the cell and the intracellular polyamine content. Experimental over-production of ODC can be caused by either transfection with plasmids containing the ODC cDNA with part of the 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) deleted under the control of a very strong viral promoter, or transfection of plasmids that cause the overproduction of eIF-4E, reported to be a limiting factor in the translation of mRNAs with extensive secondary structures in the 5'UTR. In both cases, unregulated overexpression of ODC transforms NIH 3T3 cells to a neoplastic state. Along with studies showing that many tumor promoters increase ODC activity and that a number of preneoplastic conditions and tumor samples show high levels of ODC, these results suggest that ODC may act as an oncogene in an appropriate background. This provides a rationale for the possible use of ODC inhibitors as chemopreventive agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bacteriophage Applications for Food Production and Processing (2018)

Foodborne illnesses remain a major cause of hospitalization and death worldwide despite many advances in food sanitation techniques and pathogen surveillance. Traditional antimicrobial methods, such as pasteurization, high pressure processing, irradiation, and chemical disinfectants are capable of reducing microbial populations in foods to varying degrees, but they also have considerable drawbacks, such as a large initial investment, potential damage to processing equipment due to their corrosive nature, and a deleterious impact on organoleptic qualities (and possibly the nutritional value) of foods. Perhaps most importantly, these decontamination strategies kill indiscriminately, including many&mdash;often beneficial&mdash;bacteria that are naturally present in foods. One promising technique that addresses several of these shortcomings is bacteriophage biocontrol, a green and natural method that uses lytic bacteriophages isolated from the environment to specifically target pathogenic bacteria and eliminate them from (or significantly reduce their levels in) foods. Since the initial conception of using bacteriophages on foods, a substantial number of research reports have described the use of bacteriophage biocontrol to target a variety of bacterial pathogens in various foods, ranging from ready-to-eat deli meats to fresh fruits and vegetables, and the number of commercially available products containing bacteriophages approved for use in food safety applications has also been steadily increasing. Though some challenges remain, bacteriophage biocontrol is increasingly recognized as an attractive modality in our arsenal of tools for safely and naturally eliminating pathogenic bacteria from foods.
Interpretation of fetal monitoring by an artificial neural network (2001)

Objective: To test the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) for interpretation of electronic fetal monitor (EFM) traces. Methods: Records from 268 babies without congenital anomalies and older than 36 weeks of gestation were classified into four groups based on the presence or absence of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and arterial cord blood gas base deficit (BD) levels above or below 12 mmol/L. The last 4 hours of EFM recordings were analyzed by specialized software to measure baseline, variability, accelerations, and decelerations. Summaries of these analyses were used to train the ANN to relate these observations to outcome. Eleven obstetricians classified a sample of the EFM records. Results: The total number of babies correctly classified by the ANN was 224 (84%). The percentages of correct classifications by the ANN and the obstetricians are shown in the table. ∗. Empty CellCorrect classificationANNObstetriciansNE and BD over 12 mmol/L47/5683.9%57/8864.7%∗NE and BD under 12 mmol/L0/90%Not availableNo NE and BD over 12 mmol/L60/8085.0%39/11035.4%∗No NE and BD under 12 mmol/L114/12392.7%85/11077.3%∗∗P < 0.005. ∗. P < 0.005. Conclusions: The ANN was able to classify babies correctly at rates that exceeded the obstetricians. Detecting more babies at risk for permanent neurological damage with fewer false positives has major ramifications for obstetrics. Studies using another multicenter dataset are underway to assess the reproducibility of these results.
Geometry- and diffraction-independent ionization probabilities in intense laser fields: Probing atomic ionization mechanisms with effective intensity matching (2006)

We report an experimental technique for the comparison of ionization processes in ultrafast laser pulses irrespective of pulse ellipticity. Multiple ionization of xenon by $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ $790\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses is observed over the intensity range $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{TW}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{PW}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ using effective intensity matching (EIM), which is coupled with intensity selective scanning (ISS) to recover the geometry-independent probability of ionization. Such measurements, made possible by quantifying diffraction effects in the laser focus, are compared directly to theoretical predictions of multiphoton, tunnel and field ionization, and a remarkable agreement demonstrated. EIM-ISS allows the straightforward quantification of the probability of recollision ionization in a linearly polarized laser pulse. Furthermore, the probability of ionization is discussed in terms of the Keldysh adiabaticity parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and the influence of the precursor ionic states present in recollision ionization is observed.
Advanced GaN HEMT Modeling Techniques and Power Amplifiers for Millimeter-Wave Applications (2020)

Satellite communications become more interesting because of an increasing number of satellite launches for especially Ku-band very small aperture terminals (VSAT). Recently, the systems push the frequency specifications towards millimeter-wave such as Ka-band. Also, the fifth generation mobile communications (5G) are expected to accommodate the forthcoming huge traffic demands with using millimeter-wave as well as sub-6GHz. Here, PAs have been always the working horse for RF frontend in any radio transmitters. In particular, advanced GaN PAs occupy the attentions with evolving to deal with ever-increasing system level requirements. This paper presents the prototyped results of state-of -the art GaN PAs for millimeter-wave applications and novel modelling techniques for their designs.