gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualizing Local Electrical Properties of Composite Electrodes in Sulfide All-Solid-State Batteries by Scanning Probe Microscopy (2021)

Studies on local conduction paths in composite electrodes are essential to the realization of high-performance sulfide all-solid-state lithium batteries. Here, we directly evaluate the electrical properties of individual LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) electrode active material particles in composite positive electrodes by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) are combined. The results indicate that all NMC particles exhibit a charged state with increasing potential, but low electronic conduction paths exist at point of contacts of some NMC particles. Furthermore, the I–V characteristics measured by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) suggest that these specific NMC particles show low charge–discharge reactivity. The results of the SPM techniques indicate that poor conduction locally limits the charge–discharge reactivity of electrode active materials, leading to the degradation of battery performance. Such an SPM combination accelerates the morphological optimization of composite electrodes by facilitating the investigation of the intrinsic electrical properties of the electrodes.
Beyond Low Earth Orbit: Biological Research, Artificial Intelligence, and Self-Driving Labs (2021)

Space biology research aims to understand fundamental effects of spaceflight on organisms, develop foundational knowledge to support deep space exploration, and ultimately bioengineer spacecraft and habitats to stabilize the ecosystem of plants, crops, microbes, animals, and humans for sustained multi-planetary life. To advance these aims, the field leverages experiments, platforms, data, and model organisms from both spaceborne and ground-analog studies. As research is extended beyond low Earth orbit, experiments and platforms must be maximally autonomous, light, agile, and intelligent to expedite knowledge discovery. Here we present a summary of recommendations from a workshop organized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and modeling applications which offer key solutions toward these space biology challenges. In the next decade, the synthesis of artificial intelligence into the field of space biology will deepen the biological understanding of spaceflight effects, facilitate predictive modeling and analytics, support maximally autonomous and reproducible experiments, and efficiently manage spaceborne data and metadata, all with the goal to enable life to thrive in deep space.
STT-MRAM and NV-Logic for low power systems (2013)

Recently in semiconductor memories, it is becoming difficult to meet the target performance requirements by technology development based solely on device scaling. Especially, due to the increase in memory capacity, increased operation speed and increased leakage current of MOSFET, the power consumption of LSI is rapidly increasing.
Metabolic Endoscopy: Development and Perspectives (2019)

Most procedures showed beneficial effects in terms of weight reduction. For gastric procedures, there were no systematic studies primarily addressing parameters of glucose metabolism or diabetes outcomes. Metabolic benefit, if there is any, is most likely a by-product of weight loss. By contrast, duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve (DJBS) is conceptually an antidiabetic procedure. Although adverse events are frequent, recent data points to a positive benefit-risk ratio. Key Messages: ME has the potential to constitute a growing field in the treatment of obesity and associated T2DM. While data published on glycaemic parameters in restrictive approaches is not sufficient, there is strong evidence that malabsorptive DJBS has an antidiabetic "plus" effect. Further studies are necessary to define the role of ME within a lifelong concept of treating obesity and T2DM.
A Prototype Optical Tweezer System Employing Adaptive Optics Technology (2010)

This article describes the design, implementation and characterization of a novel optical tweezer system. The system utilizes a deformable mirror, wavefront sensor and controller to manipulate an optically trapped micro-particle within a small chamber. This method for optical trapping employs technology adopted from astronomical instrumentation; in particular, adaptive optics. A deformable mirror is employed to control the wavefront phase of a laser beam before it is imaged into a chamber by a high numerical aperture microscope objective lens. The wavefront phase is measured by a Shack–Hartman wavefront sensor and the particle's position monitored by a video camera. The goals of the work presented here are to trap particles ranging in size from 1 μm to 10 μm; create a suitable controller for moving trapped particles in three dimensions; image the trapped particle; determine the prototype system's performance specifications; and determine the trap stiffness.
Alkane Bromination Revisited:  “Reproportionation” in Gas-Phase Methane Bromination Leads to Higher Selectivity for CH<sub>3</sub>Br at Moderate Temperatures (2006)

The reaction of methane and bromine is a mildly exothermic and exergonic example of free radical alkane activation. We show here that the reaction of methane and bromine (CH4:Br2 > or = 1) may yield either a kinetically or a thermodynamically determined bromomethane product distribution and proceeds in two main phases between 450 and 550 degrees C under ambient pressure on the laboratory time scale. This is in contrast to the highly exothermic methane fluorination or chlorination reactions, which give kinetic product distributions, and to the endergonic iodination of methane, which yields an equilibrium distribution of iodomethanes. The first phase of reaction between methane and bromine is a relatively rapid consumption of bromine to yield a kinetic methane bromination product distribution characterized by low methane conversion, low methyl bromide selectivity, and higher polybromomethane selectivity. In the second slower phase CHxBr(4-x) reproportionation leads to significantly higher methane conversion and higher methyl bromide selectivity. For methane bromination at 525 degrees C, CH4 conversion and CH3Br selectivity reach 73.5% and 69.5%, respectively, after ample (60 s) time for reproportionation. The high selectivity and simple configuration make this pathway an attractive candidate for scale-up in halogen-mediated methane partial oxidation processes.
Impact of Disrupted BRCA2 Protein-Protein Interactions on DNA Repair and Tumorigenesis (2001)

Abstract : In this report, we have analyzed the protein encoded by the murine Brca2 locus. We find that murine Brca2 shares multiple properties with human BRCA2 including its regulation during the cell cycle, localization to nuclear foci, and interaction with Brca1 and Rad51. Murine Brca2 stably interacts with human BRCA1, and the amino-terminus of Brca2 is sufficient for this interaction. Exon 11 of murine Brca2 is required for its stable association with RAD5l, whereas the carboxyl-terminus of Brca2 is dispensable for this interaction. Finally, in contrast to human BRCA2, we demonstrate that carboxyl-terminal truncations of murine Brca2 localize to the nucleus. This finding may explain the apparent inconsistency between the cytoplasmic localization of carboxyl-terminal truncations of human BRCA2 and the hypomorphic phenotype of mice homozygous for similar carboxyl-terminal truncating mutations.
Surveillance of HIV Drug Resistance in Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: A Pilot Study of the World Health Organization’s Generic Protocol in Maputo, Mozambique (2012)

Between 2007 and 2008, the Mozambique Ministry of Health conducted an assessment of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (HIVDR) using World Health Organization (WHO) methods in a cohort of children initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the main pediatric ART referral center in Mozambique. It was shown that prior to ART initiation 5.4% of children had HIVDR that was associated with nevirapine perinatal exposure (P < .001). Twelve months after ART initiation, 77% had viral load suppression (<1000 copies/mL), exceeding the WHO target of ≥ 70%; 10.3% had HIVDR at 12 months. Baseline HIVDR (P = .04), maternal prevention of mother-to-child transmission (P = .02), and estimated days of missed medication (P = .03) predicted HIVDR at 12 months. As efforts to eliminate pediatric AIDS are intensified, implementation of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor regimens in children with prevention of mother-to-child transmission exposure may reduce risk of virological failure in our setting.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Deoxygenation of Terminal 1,2‐Diols to 2‐Alkanols Enabled by the Strategic Formation of a Cyclic Siloxane Intermediate. (2015)

Abstract The title reaction is also suitable for the selective deoxygenation of 1,2‐diol (VI).
Geomechanical Aspects of 15 Years Water Injection on a Field Complex: An Analysis of the Past to Plan the Future (2008)

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the water injection conditions on a vast oil field complex operated by StatoilHydro in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea over a fifteen years period. The injection data were analysed from a geomechanical perspective such as to identify the main parameters governing the variations of fracturing pressure over the life of the wells, which in turn governs efficient and safe water injection. The data highlight the importance of thermal effects in fracturing pressure variations even in relatively weak formations, where theory would deem them small based upon laboratory measurements. The magnitude of thermal effects quantified from field measurements is about one order of magnitude larger than what was expected a-priori from laboratory measurements. It was also possible to track the evolution of the fracturing pressure of single wells for various reservoir pressures during phases of reservoir re-pressurisation. Here again the field data indicate behaviours that were not expected from a theoretical point of view – i.e. a constant fracturing pressure during reservoir re-pressurisation, while theory would predict a significant increase. The practical implications of the study when designing water injection schemes on new fields are highlighted and examples are given on how the current theoretical short-comings identified during the study can be successfully by-passed in real life engineering. The need for R&amp;D efforts aimed at matching the gap between field observations and existing theories is also emphasised.
H2 purification through BaCe0.65Zr0.20Y0.15O3-¿-Ce0.85Gd0.15O2-¿ ceramic dual-phase membrane (2020)

Trabajo presentado en el 2nd Congress of the Interdivisional Group on Chemistry for Renewable Energy of the Italian Chemical Society – SCI, celebrado en Padova (Italia), del 12 al 14 de febrero de 2020.
Clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, and outcome of goats diagnosed with presumptive cerebrospinal nematodiasis at a veterinary teaching hospital. (2023)

This retrospective study describes clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, treatment, and outcome for goats with presumptive cerebrospinal nematodiasis. A presumptive diagnosis was made based on neurologic signs, results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and response to treatment. Six goats were identified that met inclusion criteria. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed eosinophilic pleocytosis (total nucleated cell count: 12 to 430/μL, 33 to 89% eosinophils). All 6 goats were treated with fenbendazole and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs ± corticosteroids) and 4 received physical rehabilitation therapy. At discharge or follow-up, all 6 goats were ambulatory and had minimal neurologic deficits. Key clinical message: In goats, cerebrospinal nematodiasis caused by <i>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis</i> is often a presumptive diagnosis based on neurologic signs, shared habitat with white-tailed deer, eosinophilic pleocytosis, and response to anthelmintic therapy. Presumptive cases in goats have many similarities to confirmed cases in camelids. Further study is indicated to characterize the clinical signs and optimize the diagnosis and treatment of goats infected with <i>P. tenuis</i>.
Deep brain stimulation reduces (nocturnal) dyskinetic exacerbations in patients with ADCY5 mutation: a case series (2020)

Mutations in the ADCY5 gene can cause a complex hyperkinetic movement disorder. Episodic exacerbations of dyskinesia are a particularly disturbing symptom as they occur predominantly during night and interrupt sleep. We present the clinical short- and long-term effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in three patients with a confirmed pathogenic ADCY5 mutation. Patients were implanted with bilateral pallidal DBS at the age of 34, 20 and 13 years. Medical records were reviewed for clinical history. Pre- and postoperative video files were assessed using the "Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale" (AIMS) as well as the motor part of the "Burke Fahn Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale" (BFMDRS). All patients reported subjective general improvement ranging from 40 to 60%, especially the reduction of nocturnal episodic dyskinesias (80-90%). Objective scales revealed only a mild decrease of involuntary movements in all and reduced dystonia in one patient. DBS-induced effects were sustained up to 13 years after implantation. We demonstrate that treatment with pallidal DBS was effective in reducing nocturnal dyskinetic exacerbations in patients with ADCY5-related movement disorder, which was sustained over the long term.
Optimization and validation of patient‐based real‐time quality control procedure using moving average and average of normals with multi‐rules for TT3, TT4, FT3, FT3, and TSH on three analyzers (2020)

The optimized PBRTQC is high efficiency than BIQC in detecting analytical shifts, trends, and calibration events. The PBRTQC can be used as a low-cost supplementary procedure to IQC every day, especially at the end of the analytical batch on that day when the within-individual biological variation of analyte is not larger than its coefficient of variation in IQC. Further optimization and validation of PBRTQC are still needed.
Survival benefit of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with non‐metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A propensity matching and intention‐to‐treat analysis (2019)

The strategy of neoadjuvant therapy before surgical resection appears to offer pathologic effect and survival benefit for the patients presenting with non-metastatic PDAC.
Correlation of Apobec Mrna Expression with overall Survival and pd-l1 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma (2016)

Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) has a very high mutational rate and is associated with an APOBEC mutation signature. We examined the correlation of APOBEC expression with overall survival (OS) and PD-L1 expression in a cohort of 73 mUC patients. mRNA expression of APOBEC3 family of genes (A3A, A3B, A3C, A3F_a, A3F_b, A3G, A3H) was measured using Nanostring. PD-L1 expression, evaluated by immunohistochemistry, on tumor infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMCs) and tumor cells was scored from 0 to 4, with 2-4 being positive. Wilcoxon's non-parametric tests assessed the association of APOBEC and PD-L1. The Cox regression model assessed the association of APOBEC with OS. All APOBEC genes were expressed in mUC. Increased A3A, A3D, and A3H expression associates with PD-L1 positive TIMCs (p = 0.0009, 0.009, 0.06). Decreased A3B expression was marginally associated with PD-L1 positive TIMCs expression (p = 0.05). Increased A3F_a and A3F_b expression was associated with increased expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells (p = 0.05). Increased expression of A3D and A3H was associated with longer OS (p = 0.0009). Specific APOBEC genes have different effects on mUC in terms of survival and PD-L1 expression. A3D and A3H may have the most important role in mUC as they are associated with OS and PD-L1 TIMC expression.
Nephrotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)—effect on transcription and epigenetic factors (2022)

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread persistent environmental pollutant implicated in nephrotoxicity with altered metabolism, carcinogenesis, and fibrosis potential. We studied the underlying epigenetic mechanism involving transcription factors of PFOS-induced kidney injury. A 14-day orally dosed mouse model was chosen to study acute influences <i>in vivo</i>. Messenger RNA expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to elucidate the relationship between epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, kidney disease, and metabolism homeostasis. PFOS was found to accumulate in mouse kidney in a dose-dependent manner. Kidney injury markers <i>Acta2</i> and <i>Bcl2l1</i> increased in expression significantly. Transcription factors, including <i>Nef2l2, Hes1, Ppara</i>, and <i>Ppard,</i> were upregulated, while <i>Smarca2</i> and <i>Pparg</i> were downregulated. Furthermore, global DNA methylation levels decreased and the gene expression of histone demethylases <i>Kdm1a</i> and <i>Kdm4c</i> were upregulated. Our work implicates PFOS-induced gene expression alterations in epigenetics, transcription factors, and kidney biomarkers with potential implications for kidney fibrosis and kidney carcinogenesis. Future experiments can focus on epigenetic mechanisms to establish a panel of PFOS-induced biomarkers for nephrotoxicity evaluation.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Gynecologic malignancies in pregnancy: balancing fetal risks with oncologic safety. (2020)

Importance: Cancer occurs in 0.05% to 0.1% of all pregnancies. Despite literature reporting good oncologic and fetal outcomes in women treated for cancer during pregnancy, as many as 44% of gynecologists would offer termination, and 37% would not administer chemotherapy or radiotherapy in pregnancy.Objectives: The aims of this study were to summarize current recommendations for the treatment of cervical and ovarian cancers in pregnancy and to review updates on existing knowledge regarding the safety of surgical and chemotherapeutic treatments in pregnancy, including both oncologic and fetal outcomes.Evidence Acquisition: A detailed literature review was performed on PubMed.Results: The treatment of gynecologic malignancies during pregnancy mirrors that outside pregnancy, with a balance between maternal versus fetal health. Fertility-sparing surgery can be offered to stage IA2 and low-risk IB1 cervical, stage I epithelial ovarian, germ cell ovarian, or sex-cord stromal ovarian tumors. Delayed treatment can be offered for stage IB1 cervical cancer. Neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy can be given for advanced gynecologic cancers with good disease-free survival without significant adverse neonatal outcomes.Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach and improved education of providers regarding the surgical and chemotherapeutic treatments in pregnancy are needed in order to fully inform patients regarding treatment options. Further research in women who are pregnant is needed to determine the safety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures used in the nonpregnant woman.Relevance: This article reviews and supports treatment of gynecologic cancer during pregnancy, calls for additional study and long-term follow-up, and justifies improved education of patients and providers regarding treatment options.Target Audience: Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.Learning Objectives: After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to (1) review general principles in the management and treatment of gynecologic cancers in pregnancy, (2) review the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer in pregnancy, and (3) review the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer in pregnancy. PMID: 28304416 Funding information This work was supported by: NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 CA008748
Cooperative adaptive cruise control: Tradeoffs between control and network specifications (2011)

In this study, we consider a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system which regulates inter-vehicle distances in a vehicle string. Improved performance can be achieved by utilizing information exchange between vehicles through wireless communication besides local sensor measurements. However, wireless communication introduces network-induced effects that may compromise the performance of the CACC system. Therefore, we approach the design of a CACC system from a Networked Control System (NCS) perspective. Network-induced imperfections in a NCS are mainly due to limited bandwidth of the network, multiple nodes sharing the same medium, and other limitations such as transmission delays and losses. Tradeoffs between CACC performance and network specifications need to be made for achieving desired performance under these network-induced constraints. In this paper, we present a NCS modelling framework that incorporates the effect of sample-and-hold and network delays that occur due to wireless communication. Moreover, we employ this model to study the so-called string stability performance of the string in which vehicles are interconnected by a vehicle following control law and a constant time headway spacing policy. Specifically, we study how string stability is affected by network-induced effects such as delays.
Process Fingerprint in Micro-EDM Drilling (2019)

The micro electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) process is extensively used in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries for drilling small holes in difficult-to-machine materials. However, due to the complexity of the electrical discharge phenomena, optimization of the processing parameters and quality control are time-consuming operations. In order to shorten these operations, this study investigates the applicability of a process fingerprint approach in micro-EDM drilling. This approach is based on the monitoring of a few selected physical quantities, which can be controlled in-line to maximize the drilling speed and meet the manufacturing tolerance. A Design of Experiments (DoE) is used to investigate the sensitivity of four selected physical quantities to variations in the processing parameters. Pearson's correlation is used to evaluate the correlation of these quantities to some main performance and hole quality characteristics. Based on the experimental results, the potential of the process fingerprint approach in micro-EDM drilling is discussed. The results of this research provide a foundation for future in-line process optimization and quality control techniques based on machine learning.
220 μJ monolithic single-frequency Q-switched fiber laser at 2 μmby using highly Tm-doped germanate fibers (2011)

We report a unique all fiber-based single-frequency Q-switched laser in a monolithic master oscillator power amplifier configuration at ~1920 nm by using highly Tm-doped germanate fibers for the first time. The actively Q-switched fiber laser seed was achieved by using a piezo to press the fiber in the fiber Bragg grating cavity and modulate the fiber birefringence, enabling Q-switching with pulse width and repetition rate tunability. A single-mode polarization maintaining large core 25 μm highly Tm-doped germanate fiber was used in the power amplifier stage. For 80 ns pulses with 20 kHz repetition rate, we achieved 220 μJ pulse energy, which corresponds to a peak power of 2.75 kW with transform-limited linewidth.
An Active Transmitter Leakage Suppression Technique for CMOS SAW-Less CDMA Receivers (2010)

A CDMA-2000 receiver without interstage RF SAW filter is presented. An active bandpass sink filter is proposed to selectively filter the transmitted leakage after the downconversion mixer. The impact on receiver noise and linearity performances is discussed. This technique improves the triple-beat (TB) and IIP2 of the receivers by 6.5 dB each, at the expense of a small increase in DC current and noise. Designed in 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the receiver achieves 45 dB gain with uncalibrated IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> of +46 dBm and triple-beat of 69 dB.