gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Substrate Loading Limits Methanogenesis and Leads to High Coulombic Efﬁciency in Bioelectrochemical Systems. Microorganisms (2016)

A crucial aspect for the application of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) as a wastewater treatment technology is the efficient oxidation of complex substrates by the bioanode, which is reflected in high Coulombic efficiency (CE). To achieve high CE, it is essential to give a competitive advantage to electrogens over methanogens. Factors that affect CE in bioanodes are, amongst others, the type of wastewater, anode potential, substrate concentration and pH. In this paper, we focus on acetate as a substrate and analyze the competition between methanogens and electrogens from a thermodynamic and kinetic point of view. We reviewed experimental data from earlier studies and propose that low substrate loading in combination with a sufficiently high anode overpotential plays a key-role in achieving high CE. Low substrate loading is a proven strategy against methanogenic activity in large-scale reactors for sulfate reduction. The combination of low substrate loading with sufficiently high overpotential is essential because it results in favorable growth kinetics of electrogens compared to methanogens. To achieve high current density in combination with low substrate concentrations, it is essential to have a high specific anode surface area. New reactor designs with these features are essential for BESs to be successful in wastewater treatment in the future. View Full-Text Keywords: Coulombic efficiency; BES; MET; methanogens
Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies (2016)

Higher nut intake is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality, and mortality from respiratory disease, diabetes, and infections.
Prototyping Advanced RAIM for Vertical Guidance (2010)

In the next decade, the GNSS environment is going to undergo a major transformation. First, two more GNSS core constellations are expected to be launched, Galileo and Compass. When these constellations are in their final operational capability, there will be three times more ranging sources. Second, GPS and the new core constellations will broadcast signals in two frequencies L1 and L5 (E5 a or b for Galileo). These signals will be available for civil aviation, allowing users to cancel the pseudorange errors due to the ionosphere. Many studies suggest that it could be possible to achieve global coverage of vertical guidance using multi-constellation, dual frequency RAIM, under certain assumptions on the constellation performance. However, to achieve vertical guidance RAIM (which will be referred from then on by ARAIM or Advanced RAIM), it will not be sufficient to apply the current RAIM algorithms that are used for horizontal RAIM. First of all the level of safety required for horizontal RAIM is lower than for vertical guidance ( a failure to bound the error for LNAV is classified as a major (10-5) failure condition, while a failure to bound in an LPV approach is severe major (10-7).) Also, the difference between the achieved accuracy and the necessary accuracy for horizontal RAIM is very large (more than a factor of 20). This will probably be tighter for vertical guidance. For these reasons, a more careful analysis will be need before vertical guidance RAIM can be certified. All the challenges for vertical guidance RAIM are derived from this requirement. In this paper, we will examine what will be required from the constellation providers both in terms of integrity and availability. Then we will show the results of a prototype ARAIM algorithm using an extensive data set.
NAMPT-Mediated NAD+ Biosynthesis Is Essential for Vision In Mice (2016)

Photoreceptor death is the endpoint of many blinding diseases. Identifying unifying pathogenic mechanisms in these diseases may offer global approaches for facilitating photoreceptor survival. We found that rod or cone photoreceptor-specific deletion of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), the rate-limiting enzyme in the major NAD(+) biosynthetic pathway beginning with nicotinamide, caused retinal degeneration. In both cases, we could rescue vision with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Significantly, retinal NAD(+) deficiency was an early feature of multiple mouse models of retinal dysfunction, including light-induced degeneration, streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy, and age-associated dysfunction. Mechanistically, NAD(+) deficiency caused metabolic dysfunction and consequent photoreceptor death. We further demonstrate that the NAD(+)-dependent mitochondrial deacylases SIRT3 and SIRT5 play important roles in retinal homeostasis and that NAD(+) deficiency causes SIRT3 dysfunction. These findings demonstrate that NAD(+) biosynthesis is essential for vision, provide a foundation for future work to further clarify the mechanisms involved, and identify a unifying therapeutic target for diverse blinding diseases.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Correlations between Bronchoalveolar Cellular Constituents and the Pathologic, Physiologic and Radiographic Features and Response to Treatment (1989)

Anal ysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cel1ular constituents has been recommended as a useful method for determination of immune and inflammatory cel1 ular population. prognosis and acti vity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (I PF). But the c1 inical relevance of the determination of cel1 ular populations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remains controversial. We examined bronchoalveolar lavage profiles and correlations with both the path. ologic. physiologic and radiologic severity and the responsiveness to corticosteroid treatment from 21 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, inc1uding 5 patients associated with connective tissue disease.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐OXO‐1,2‐DIAZETIDINIUM TOSYLATE (1982)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (II) reagiert mit den entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen unter Bildung der Azomethin‐Ylide (III), wobei die aromatischen Aldehyde ausschließlich die Z‐Isomeren (IIIa), die Ketone aber E/Z‐Gemische geben.
An ultra low power pH-monitoring IC with a duty-cycling wireless FM-transmitter (2014)

This paper proposes an ultra low power pH-monitoring IC featuring a wireless FM-transmitter with duty cycling operation and the use of an Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) for dentistry application. The IC achieves wireless communication and pH sensing under very low current consumption thanks to duty cycling operation and heavily stacked-transistor design. 0.18 μm CMOS process technology is used to fabricate a prototype chip, and current consumption of 2.0 μA was measured.
Optimizing end-to-end propagation delays in hybrid satellite-maritime mobile ad hoc networks (2016)

In this paper we provide efficient statistical tools for the prediction of the required number of satellite terrestrial stations in a hybrid Satellite - Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork (MANET). We propose to consider the average statistical behavior of the network. We first analytically estimate the number of hybrid satellite gateway stations (HSs) in a typical cluster. A strategy for the terrestrial path discovery protocol and for the satellite gateway selection is proposed. We then derive the probability density function of the end-to-end propagation delays considering geostationary (GEO), medium (MEO) and low earth orbits (LEO) satellite systems. Numerical results considering several average densities of satellite HSs enable a user to find a trade-off between the costs induced by the number of HSs in the network, the used satellite orbits and the achieved end-to-end propagation delays.
An Artificial Neural Network System for Photon-Based Active Interrogation Applications (2021)

Active interrogation (AI) is a promising technique to detect shielded special nuclear materials (SNMs). At the University of Michigan, we are developing a photon-based AI system that uses bremsstrahlung radiation from an electron linear accelerator (linac) as an ionizing source and trans-stilbene organic scintillating detectors for neutron detection. Stilbene scintillators are sensitive to fast neutrons and photons and have excellent pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities. The traditional charge integration (CI) method commonly used for PSD analysis eliminates piled-up pulses and relies on a particle discrimination line to separate neutrons and photons. The presence of the intense photon flux during AI creates a significant number of piled-up events in the stilbene scintillator, thereby posing a great challenge to the traditional CI method. Identifying true single neutron pulses becomes challenging due to the presence of a pile-up cloud and overlapping neutron, photon and pile-up clouds in the PSD analysis. To mitigate the effect of pulse pile-up and identify true single neutron pulses from stilbene scintillators, an artificial neural network (ANN) system is developed. The developed ANN system identifies single neutron pulses and neutron-photon combinations from piled-up events. The results obtained from a 252Cf measurement in the presence of the intense photon flux show that the developed ANN system outperforms the traditional CI method. Since many piled-up events lie above the particle discrimination line, they get misclassified as neutrons by the traditional CI method resulting in 27% overestimation of the net neutron count rate during the linac pulse. The overall net neutron count rate (single and restored neutrons) during the linac pulse, estimated by the ANN system is 62.32% of the ground truth. Energy spectroscopy of the ANN attributed single neutron pulses further provides evidence on the detection of prompt fission neutrons from the 252Cf fission source.
Study of water distribution and shrinkage of apple tissue during dehydration with neutron tomography and finite element modeling (2013)

Dehydration of fruit during postharvest storage decreases its commercial value and the consumer acceptance. Understanding this process requires knowledge on both water transport and mechanical deformation. In this study, a comparison was made between different methods to study water distribution and shrinkage of apple tissue during dehydration: experimentally with quantitative neutron tomography, and numerically with finite element modeling using a nonlinear viscoelastic model coupled with water transport. Both techniques provided three-dimensional information of the transient water distribution and shrinkage of the cylindrical apple tissue during dehydration. The neutron experiments were found to accurately predict the water loss from the samples, when compared to gravimetric measurements, indicating this technique is successful in directly quantifying water content for this type of experiments. The total water loss and local water content of experiments and simulations also compared well, indicating the numerical model is a viable alternative to neutron experiments. This is a particular advantage since access to facilities which produce neutrons is limited.
On Approximating Matrix Norms in Data Streams (2019)

This paper presents a systematic study of the space complexity of estimating the Schatten p-norms of an n×n matrix in the turnstile streaming model. Both kinds of space complexities, bit complexity and sketching dimension, are considered. Furthermore, two sketching models, general linear sketching and bilinear sketching, are considered. When p is not an even integer, we show that any one-pass algorithm with constant success probability requires near-linear space in terms of bits. This lower bound holds even for sparse matrices, i.e., matrices with O(1) nonzero entries per row and per column. However, when p is an even integer, we give for sparse matrices an upper bound which, up to logarithmic factors, is the same as estimating the pth moment of an n-dimensional vector. These results considerably strengthen lower bounds in previous work for arbitrary (not necessarily sparse) matrices. Similar near-linear lower bounds are obtained for Ky Fan norms, SVD entropy, eigenvalue shrinkers, and M-estimators, many of which could have been solvable in logarithmic space prior to this work. The results for general linear sketches give separations in the sketching complexity of Schatten p-norms with the corresponding vector p-norms, and rule out a table-lookup nearest-neighbor search for p = 1, making progress on a question of Andoni. The results for bilinear sketches are tight for the rank problem and nearly tight for p ≥ 2; the latter is the first general subquadratic upper bound for sketching the Schatten norms.
Virtualization: What is it? (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. Ward and C. Filsfils, "Virtualization: What is it?," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2013, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper OTh3E.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Computational Nonlinear of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (1998)

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) have become increasingly important for many applications, such as optical interconnects and optical data storages. In many applications, critical requirements are very often high beam quality and/or high output powers. To help the design and optimization of VCSELs for such applications, it is essential to have a simulation model that includes the time evolution of the transverse space dependence of the beam. Such models allow arbitrary transverse profiles of laser intensity or carrier density to develop in time without any a priori assumption about the number and types of transverse modes. In addition, extensive research in the past has shown that many-body effects are important in influencing the optical gain and the refractive index of semiconductor quantum wells. It is thus important to include the key many-body effects in simulation models for semiconductor lasers. A computational model, called the Maxwell-Effective Bloch Equations (MEBE) was developed recently that simulates the above features and effects. This model combines the space-time resolution with microscopic many-body effects in a way that is both accurate enough and computationally manageable. This model has been used to simulate edge-emitting high power lasers recently. A new finite-difference algorithm has been developed for solving these equations and will be shown in the presentation. That algorithm will be used to calculate the detailed time evolution of the transverse mode profiles of VCSELs. The VCSELs are based on InGaAs/GaAs quantum well structures. Effects of pumping current and refractive index profiles will be investigated in detail. The simulation results will be compared with other results the use the rate-equation model.
Bacterial Endosymbionts of <i>Onchocerca volvulus</i> in the Pathogenesis of Posttreatment Reactions (2002)

Treatment of onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin is associated with a posttreatment reaction characterized by fever, tachycardia, hypotension, lymphadenopathy, and pruritus. To investigate the role of the Wolbachia bacterial endosymbiont of Onchocerca volvulus in these reactions, serum samples collected before and after treatment with either anthelmintic were assessed for evidence of Wolbachia DNA. By use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Wolbachia DNA was detected in both groups-with significantly higher levels in those who received DEC (P <.0001). In the ivermectin group, there was a significant correlation between levels of bacterial DNA and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P =.013). Peak DNA levels correlated with reaction scores (P =.048). Significant correlations were also seen between Wolbachia DNA and the antibacterial peptides calprotectin (P =.021) and calgranulin B (P <.0001). These findings support a role for Wolbachia products in mediating the inflammatory responses seen following treatment of onchocerciasis and suggest new targets for modulating these reactions.
3D Graphics Benchmarks for Low-Power Architectures (2003)

Abstract—Currently, there is much interest in wireless 3D graphics applications, in particular games. Since current 3D graphics accelerators consume too much power to be employed in mobile computing devices, several companies and universities have started to develop low-power 3D graphics accelerators. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no publicly available benchmark suite appropriate for evaluating such devices. In this paper we present a set of 3D graphics benchmarks which can be considered typical 3D workloads of contemporary and emerging mobile devices. First, reasons why most 3D benchmarks employed for desktop computers are not suitable for mobile environments are given. After that, simulation results such as the number of triangles or fragments processed by a typical rasterization pipeline are presented. Finally, we discuss some architectural implications of the obtained results for low-power implementations. I.
Efficient Detection Algorithms for Spatial Multiplexing Systems (2006)

Recent studies indicate that spatial multiplexing (SM) systems have enormous potential for increasing the capacity of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels in rich scattering environments. In this paper, we present two efficient decision feedback equalization (DFE) algorithms for signal detection of SM scheme. The basic idea behind the new proposals is to reduce the complexity by separating the order search and filter generation. Compared with the conventional DFE detectors with optimal and suboptimal ordering rules, the new algorithms are less complex and achieve error performance that closely approximates that of the standard Bell Labs layered space time (BLAST) algorithm
Effects of selective insulin or glucagon deficiency on glucose turnover. (1979)

To study the importance of glucagon and insulin in diabetes, somatostatin (ST) was infused, alone or with insulin or glucagon, in 11 conscious dogs. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) levels fell 65 +/- 4% and 33 +/- 3%, respectively, with somatostatin infusion. Glucose production (Ra) assessed by [3-3H]glucose, [2-3H]glucose, or [1-14C]glucose decreased transiently. This is in contrast to the rise in Ra seen after insulin withdrawal in depancreatized dogs, which have normal levels of IRG. Thus, suppression of IRG with somatostatin prevented an increase in Ra in spite of suppression of IRI. When near basal IRG levels were provided during ST infusion in normal dogs, Ra increased, indicating that glucagon contributes to the acute development of diabetes. When basal IRI levels were provided with ST, suppression of Ra was maintained, suggesting that the transience of the metabolic effects of ST-induced glucagon suppression requires concomitant insulin suppression. A comparison of glucose turnover measured using different tracers showed that ST-related hormonal changes did not alter the rate of futile cycling in the liver. ST induced a rise in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels, attributed solely to insulin deficiency, as glucagon suppression did not significantly alter FFA concentrations when normal insulin levels were maintained.
Partnering works: a case in point (sputtering process) (2002)

Discusses a manufacturable process for sputter-depositing collimated Ti/TiN films. Prior to the project, the applicability of this technology to deep submicron geometries was postulated but unproven. The collimated sputtering process was characterized and optimized by using design of experiments. The step coverage, thickness uniformity, material properties, electrical resistivity, defect density and cost of ownership were studied. The manufacturability of the collimated deposition tool was proven with a controlled 'Marathon'. In addition to these specific project-related accomplishments, standard methods of reporting film resistivity were addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Facial geometry and speech analysis for depression detection (2017)

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, burdening many people world-wide. A system with the potential of serving as a decision support system is proposed, based on novel features extracted from facial expression geometry and speech, by interpreting non-verbal manifestations of depression. The proposed system has been tested both in gender independent and gender based modes, and with different fusion methods. The algorithms were evaluated for several combinations of parameters and classification schemes, on the dataset provided by the Audio/Visual Emotion Challenge of 2013 and 2014. The proposed framework achieved a precision of 94.8% for detecting persons achieving high scores on a self-report scale of depressive symptomatology. Optimal system performance was obtained using a nearest neighbour classifier on the decision fusion of geometrical features in the gender independent mode, and audio based features in the gender based mode; single visual and audio decisions were combined with the OR binary operation.
Robust Sparse Reconstruction of mmWave Channel Estimates via Fractional Programming (2020)

We reinterpret the millimeter-wave (mmWave) channel estimation problem from the perspective of fractional programming (FP). A novel sparse recovery formulation of the associated ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> norm optimization is then proposed as an equivalent convex program. To this end, a tight parametric approximation of the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -norm is used together with the quadratic transform (QT) to reformulate the sparse optimization problem associated with the mmWave channel estimation. This original reinterpretation of the mmWave channel state information (CSI) recovery leads to a new iterative robust reconstruction algorithm. The proposed art exhibits denoising sparsity enhancement and estimation performance improvement over the State-of-the-Art (SotA) basis pursuit methods in both medium and low signal-to noise-ratio (SNR) regimes, as shown via simulations. As a bonus, the performance of our estimation scheme is found to scale well with increasing antenna array sizes, common to mmWave systems.
Production of PHAs from Agricultural Waste Material (1998)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable substitutes to fossil fuel plastics that can be produced from renewable raw materials such as saccharides, alcohols and low-molecular-weight fatty acids. They are completely degradable to carbon dioxide and water through natural microbiological mineralization. Consequently, neither their production nor their use or degradation have a negative ecological impact. By keeping closed the cycle of production and re-use, PHAs can enable at least part of the polymerproducing industry to switch from ecologically harmful end-of-the-pipe production methods towards sounder technologies. Up to now such polyesters have been produced biotechnologically from refined raw materials (e.g. glucose and sodium propionate), but they can as well be produced much cheaper from agricultural waste materials (e.g. molasses, maltose, glycerol phase from biodiesel production, whey), as long as these materials have a known composition and are available in appropriate quantities. Yield factors and specific rates for growth and PHA accumulation are shown for 3 strains of Alcaligenes latus for different agricultural waste carbon sources.