gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical fields enhance growth of cancer spheroids by reactive oxygen species and intracellular Ca2+ (1997)

A single electrical field pulse (500 V/m) with a duration of 60 s increased tumor outgrowth over a postpulse period of 24 h. RNA staining with acridine orange showed a rise in RNA content in pulsed spheroids, indicating stimulation of cell cycle activity. The electropulse induced an intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transient that started approximately 40 s after the onset of the electrical field. Neither the presence of extracellular Ni2+ (0.5 mM) nor the absence of extracellular Ca2+ impeded the [Ca2+]i rise. It was, however, totally blocked by thapsigargin (1 microM), indicating that the initial Ca2+ response is due to Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. The [Ca2+]i transient was paralleled by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as revealed using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as an indicator. The radical scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)(20 mM) and dehydroascorbate (5 mM) inhibited both ROS production and the [Ca2+]i transient during electrical field treatment. The mitogenic activation was dependent on the rise in [Ca2+]i because inhibition of Ca2+ release during electrical field treatment by addition of either thapsigargin or NAC to the incubation medium abolished the observed effect. We conclude that a single, direct current electrical field pulse induces production of ROS, which in turn mediate Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and activate cell cycle activity in multicellular spheroids.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐7‐Deoxypancratistatin. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
von Hippel‐Lindau tumor suppressor protein represses platelet‐derived growth factor B‐chain gene expression via the Sp1 binding element in the proximal PDGF‐B promoter (2002)

VHL is the causative gene for von Hippel-Lindau disease and sporadic clear cell renal cancer. It has been shown that pVHL can suppress the expression of certain genes that are overexpressed in renal carcinomas. One such gene is that encoding the potent mitogen and chemoattractant, platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (PDGF-B). The regulatory mechanisms underlying pVHL suppression of PDGF-B expression, however, are completely unknown. This understanding would shed vital light on the control of growth factor gene expression by this tumor suppressor. Here we report that pVHL can repress both endogenous steady-state PDGF-B mRNA expression and PDGF-B promoter-dependent transcription in WKY12-22 cells. Transient transfection analysis utilizing PDGF-B promoter-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter constructs revealed that pVHL inhibition of PDGF-B expression is mediated via the Sp1-binding element in the proximal region of the PDGF-B promoter. Recent studies have demonstrated a physical interaction between pVHL and Sp1, which activates the PDGF-B promoter. We show that Sp1 can rescue PDGF-B promoter activity and endogenous PDGF-B mRNA expression from pVHL repression. These findings thus demonstrate a pivotal role for Sp1 in pVHL inhibition of PDGF-B transcription.
Protective association of <i>HLA‐DRB1</i>*04 subtypes in neurodegenerative diseases implicates acetylated tau PHF6 sequences (2022)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. With incidence rising with aging, these also represent a growing societal challenge. Pathophysiology involves accumulation of tau (neurofibrillary tangles) and Amyloid‐β‐rich (amyloid plaques) aggregates in AD, α‐synuclein‐rich aggregates (Lewy bodies) in PD and TDP‐43 aggregates in ALS, although co‐presence of these aggregates may occur. Consensus is also growing that tau may also play a key role in PD and ALS. Method Using genome‐wide association data, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with PD or Alzheimer’s AD disease versus controls across ancestry groups. Result A shared genetic association was observed across diseases at rs601945 (PD: odds ratio (OR)=0.84; 95% confidence interval, [0.80; 0.88]; p=2.2x10 ‐13 ; AD: OR=0.91[0.89; 0.93]; p=1.8x10 ‐22 ), and with a protective HLA association recently reported in ALS. Hierarchical protective effects of HLA‐DRB1 *04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA‐DRB1 *04:04 and HLA‐DRB1 *04:07, intermediary with HLA‐DRB1 *04:01 and HLA‐DRB1 *04:03, and absent for HLA‐DRB1 *04:05. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles (but not neuritic plaque density) in postmortem brains and was more strongly associated with tau levels than Aβ42 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, protective HLA‐DRB1 *04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation‐prone tau PHF6 sequence, but only when acetylated at K311, a modification central to aggregation. Conclusion An HLA‐DRB1 *04‐mediated adaptive immune response, potentially against tau, decreases PD, AD and ALS risk, offering the possibility of new therapeutic avenues.
Centrifuge Study on Undrained and Drained Behaviors of a Laterally Loaded Bucket Foundation in a Silty Sand (2015)

Copyright © 2015 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE). This paper reports the results from centrifuge model tests undertaken to provide insight into the behavior of a bucket foundation subjected to undrained and drained lateral loadings. The imposed lateral load induced significant overturning moment, simulating the loading conditions of a typical offshore wind turbine foundation. The different loading drainage conditions were simulated controlling the loading rate. In the plastic region, the load bearing resistance in the undrained condition becomes much larger than that in drained condition. Significant negative excess pore water pressure was induced under undrained loading inside the bucket model, providing the additional load-bearing resistance.
Parallel Screening:  A Novel Concept in Pharmacophore Modeling and Virtual Screening (2006)

Parallel screening comprises a novel in silico method to predict the potential biological activities of a compound by screening it with a multitude of pharmacophore models. Our aim is to provide a fast, large-scale system that allows for virtual activity profiling. In this proof of principle study, carried out with the software tools LigandScout and Catalyst, we present a model work for the application of parallel pharmacophore-based virtual screening on a set of 50 structure-based pharmacophore models built for various viral targets and 100 antiviral compounds. The latter were screened against all pharmacophore models in order to determine if their biological targets could be correctly predicted via an enrichment of corresponding pharmacophores matching these ligands. The results demonstrate that the desired enrichment, that is, successful virtual activity profiling, was achieved for approximately 90% of all input molecules. We discuss descriptors for output validation, as well as various aspects influencing the analysis of the obtained activity profiles, and the effect of the utilized search modus for screening.
Measuring the thermal conductivity of meat products in cook/chill processes. (2003)

The paper presents a new method to measure the thermal conductivity of meat products. In the experimental procedure that was developed, samples were heated and held at a set temperature until the moisture content reached equilibrium, and then cooled. Thermal conductivity measurements were made using the line source heat probe method on a single sample during the cooling period. This allowed data over a range of elevated temperatures to be collected without any significant change in composition. Thermal conductivity data using the procedure are reported for a lean beef sample between the temperatures of 10 and 65 °C.
Antigen Engineering Approaches for Lyme Disease Vaccines (2019)

Increasing rates of Lyme disease necessitate preventive measures such as immunization to mitigate the risk of contracting the disease. At present, there is no human Lyme disease vaccine available on the market. Since the withdrawal of the first and only licensed Lyme disease vaccine based on lipidated recombinant OspA, vaccine and antigen research has aimed to overcome its risks and shortcomings. Replacement of the putative cross-reactive T-cell epitope in OspA via mutation or chimerism addresses the potential risk of autoimmunity. Multivalent approaches in Lyme disease vaccines have been pursued to address sequence heterogeneity of Lyme borreliae antigens and to induce a repertoire of functional antibodies necessary for efficient heterologous protection. This Review summarizes recent antigen engineering strategies that have paved the way for the development of next generation vaccines against Lyme disease, some of which have reached clinical testing. Bioconjugation methods that incorporate antigens to self-assembling nanoparticles for immune response potentiation are also discussed.
High‐Temperature Creep Behavior of <scp> <scp>SiOC</scp> </scp> Glass‐Ceramics: Influence of Network Carbon Versus Segregated Carbon (2014)

Three silicon oxycarbide samples with different carbon contents are analyzed in the present study with respect to their high‐temperature creep behavior. The tests were performed in compression at 1100°C, 1200°C, and 1300°C; in this temperature range the mechanism of creep relies on viscoelastic flow within the samples and has been modeled with the Jeffreys viscoelastic model. After the release of the applied mechanical stress, a viscoelastic recovery behavior was observed in all samples. The creep behavior of the investigated samples indicates two rheological contributions in SiOC : (i) a high viscous answer, coming from the silica‐rich network, and (ii) an elastic response from the segregated carbon phase within the samples. Furthermore, two distinct effects of the carbon phase on the HT creep behavior of SiOC were identified and are discussed in the present paper: the effect of the carbon presence within the SiOC network (the “carbidic” carbon), which induces a significant increase in the viscosity and a strong decrease in the activation energy for creep, as compared to vitreous silica; and the influence of the segregated carbon phase (the “free” carbon), which has been shown to affect the viscosity and the activation energy of creep and dominates the creep behavior in phase‐separated silicon oxycarbides.
Multiple Mechanisms Are Involved in Inhibition of Osteoblast Differentiation by PTHrP and PTH in KS483 Cells (2005)

Our data suggest that, besides transcriptional repression of RunX2 and osx, other mechanisms in parallel with or downstream of RunX2 and osx are involved in the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization by PTHrP and PTH in vitro.
On relay-interference networks with quantized feedback (2010)

We study quantized beamforming in wireless relay-interference networks with multiple transmitter-receiver pairs. For given transmitter rate requirements, we design structured distributed quantizers specifically to optimize the symbol error rate performance. We show that our quantizers achieve both maximal diversity and very high array gain using arbitrarily low feedback rates per receiver. Simulations are also provided, confirming our analytical results. We observe that our quantizers guarantee an equal diversity gain for each transmitter-receiver pair.
Исследование характеристик OFDM-систем радиосвязи с адаптивным отключением поднесущих (2007)

The problem of adaptive puncturing of weak subcarriers for OFDM wireless communication systems operating in frequency-selective channel is considered. A novel practical adaptive algorithm which provides a significant throughput increase with respect to target value of bit error rate is proposed. Presented simulation results for the case of random multipath Rayleigh channel with exponential delay profile show a high efficiency of the proposed method.
On the BCJR trellis for linear block codes (1996)

In this semi-tutorial paper, we will investigate the computational complexity of an abstract version of the Viterbi algorithm on a trellis, and show that if the trellis has e edges, the complexity of the Viterbi algorithm is /spl Theta/(e). This result suggests that the "best" trellis representation for a given linear block code is the one with the fewest edges. We will then show that, among all trellises that represent a given code, the original trellis introduced by Bahl, Cocke, Jelinek, and Raviv in 1974, and later rediscovered by Wolf (1978), Massey (1978), and Forney (1988), uniquely minimizes the edge count, as well as several other figures of merit. Following Forney and Kschischang and Sorokine (1995), we will also discuss "trellis-oriented" or "minimal-span" generator matrices, which facilitate the calculation of the size of the BCJR trellis, as well as the actual construction of it.
Reversibility of the Perovskite‐to‐Fluorite Phase Transformation in Lead‐Based Thin and Ultrathin Films (2008)

As film thicknesses decrease below 50 nm, control of cation stoichiometry in Pb-based dielectrics becomes increasingly difficult, a problem that is exacerbated by interaction with technologically important Pt bottom electrodes. Post-crystallization annealing in a Pb-rich atmosphere is shown to be a general technique to reversibly convert low-permittivity Pb-deficient fluorite into ferroelectric high-permittivity stoichiometric perovskite with outstanding dielectric properties (see figure).
15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Inhibits Superoxide Anion Generation by Human Neutrophils: Relationship to Lipoxin Production (1989)

Human neutrophils can aggregate, degranulate, and release mediators of inflammation including oxygen radicals and lipoxygenase (LO)-derived products of arachidonic acid. The regulation of 5- and 15-lipoxygenases appears to be important since their products (e.g. leukotrienes and lipoxins) display unique spectra of bioactions. Addition of 15-HETE, a product of the 15-LO, to neutrophils in suspension dramatically shifted the LO products generated and led to a dose-dependent increase in lipoxins, while the production of leukotriene B4 and its omega-oxidation products (i.e. 20-COOH-LTB4 and 20-OH-LTB4) was inhibited. Exogenous 15-HETE also dose-dependently inhibited the generation of superoxide anions induced by either the chemotactic peptide f-met-leu-phe or the divalent cation ionophore A23187. Neither lipoxin A4 nor lipoxin B4 (10(-8)-10(-6) M) inhibited O2-. generation induced by either f-met-leu-phe or A23187. These results indicate that in addition to serving as a substrate for lipoxin generation, 15-HETE also inhibits superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils. Together they provide further evidence to suggest that products of the 15-lipoxygenase may serve a regulatory role at inflammatory loci.
Exploring the Use of Multiple Injectors and Split Injection to Reduce DI Diesel Engine Emissions (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This research uses computational modeling to explore methods to increase diesel engine power density while maintaining low pollutant emission levels. Previous experimental studies have shown that injection-rate profiles and injector configurations play important roles on the performance and emissions of particulate and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; in DI diesel engines. However, there is a lack of systematic studies and fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of spray atomization, mixture formation and distribution, and subsequently, the combustion processes in spray/spray and spray/swirl interaction and flow configurations. In this study, the effects of split injections and multiple injector configurations on diesel engine emissions are investigated numerically using a multidimensional computer code. In order to be able to explore the effects of enhanced fuel-air mixing, the use of multiple injectors with different injector locations, spray orientations and impingement angles was studied. The interaction of the spray with the geometry of the combustion chamber was also systematically studied. The potential for the use of multiple injectors to increase engine power density and to significantly reduce particulate and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions in DI diesel engines is revealed. This work demonstrates that multidimensional modeling can now be used to gain insight into the combustion process and to provide direction for exploring new engine concepts.&lt;/div&gt;
Inferring Object Properties with a Tactile Sensing Array Given Varying\n Joint Stiffness and Velocity (2014)

Whole-arm tactile sensing enables a robot to sense contact and infer contact\nproperties across its entire arm. Within this paper, we demonstrate that using\ndata-driven methods, a humanoid robot can infer mechanical properties of\nobjects from contact with its forearm during a simple reaching motion. A key\nissue is the extent to which the performance of data-driven methods can\ngeneralize to robot actions that differ from those used during training. To\ninvestigate this, we developed an idealized physics-based lumped element model\nof a robot with a compliant joint making contact with an object. Using this\nphysics-based model, we performed experiments with varied robot, object and\nenvironment parameters. We also collected data from a tactile-sensing forearm\non a real robot as it made contact with various objects during a simple\nreaching motion with varied arm velocities and joint stiffnesses. The robot\nused one nearest neighbor classifiers (1-NN), hidden Markov models (HMMs), and\nlong short-term memory (LSTM) networks to infer two object properties (hard vs.\nsoft and moved vs. unmoved) based on features of time-varying tactile sensor\ndata (maximum force, contact area, and contact motion). We found that, in\ncontrast to 1-NN, the performance of LSTMs (with sufficient data availability)\nand multivariate HMMs successfully generalized to new robot motions with\ndistinct velocities and joint stiffnesses. Compared to single features, using\nmultiple features gave the best results for both experiments with physics-based\nmodels and a real-robot.\n
Thermomorphic Rhodium(I) and Palladium(0) Catalysts (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThermomorphic Rhodium(I) and Palladium(0) CatalystsDavid E. Bergbreiter, Yun-Shan Liu, and Philip L. OsburnView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77843-3255 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 17, 4250–4251Publication Date (Web):April 17, 1998Publication History Received13 January 1998Published online17 April 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980136lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980136lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views740Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ethanol,Hydrogenation,Polymers,Solvents Get e-Alerts
In vitro digestion and bioaccessibility studies of vitamin E-loaded nanohydroxyapatite Pickering emulsions and derived fortified foods (2021)

Vitamin E is a lipophilic vitamin playing an essential role in human health. Due to oxidative instability, it presents fast degradation and bioactivity loss. In this study, vitamin E-loaded Pickering emulsions (PEs) stabilized by nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were produced using a static mixer (NETmix), a technique enabling continuous production and droplet size tailoring. Thus, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing vitamin E at a content of 1 mg/mL were produced with different droplet sizes (7.53, 11.56 and 17.72 μm) using an O/W ratio of 20/80 (v/v). Their stability during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and vitamin E bioaccessibility were investigated. It was observed that n-HAp particles disrupt in the stomach and subsequently aggregate as random calcium phosphates in the small intestine, leading to low vitamin E bioaccessibility due to oil entrapment. The emulsion showing the highest vitamin E bioaccessibility (3.29 ± 0.57%, sample with the larger average droplet size) was used to produce fortified gelatine and milk, resulting in an increased bioaccessibility (10.87 ± 1.04% and 18.07 ± 2.90%, respectively). This fact was associated with the presence of macronutrients and the lower n-HAp content. Overall, n-HAp PEs offer advantages for vitamin E encapsulation directed to fortified foods development, a process able to be extended to other lipophilic vitamins.
Observation of Radio Frequency Emissions from Electrochemical Loading Experiments (2015)

Palladium foil cathodes were electrochemically loaded with deuterium from alkaline solutions of heavy water in specially designed closed calorimeter cells. Here, one cell is described that showed low levels of constant heat (1-7 mW) and radio frequency (RF) emanations, but the RF was not correlated with the heat production. This cell is compared with Pd 90 Rh 10 alloy cathodes that showed excess energy bursts of 2.4-44.3 kJ. In these cells, RF coincident with the bursts was observed peaking at different frequencies from about 450 kHz and extending into the MHz range. Some of the excess energy production in LENR may be in the MHz RF range, which has no conventional explanation in electrochemistry.
Mitochondrial double-stranded RNA triggers induction of the antiviral DNA deaminase APOBEC3A and nuclear DNA damage (2023)

APOBEC3A is an antiviral DNA deaminase often induced by virus infection. APOBEC3A is also a source of cancer mutation in viral and nonviral tumor types. It is therefore critical to identify factors responsible for APOBEC3A upregulation. Here, we test the hypothesis that leaked mitochondrial (mt) double-stranded (ds)RNA is recognized as foreign nucleic acid, which triggers innate immune signaling, APOBEC3A upregulation, and DNA damage. Knockdown of an enzyme responsible for degrading mtdsRNA, the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase, results in mtdsRNA leakage into the cytosol and induction of APOBEC3A expression. APOBEC3A upregulation by cytoplasmic mtdsRNA requires RIG-I, MAVS, and STAT2 and is likely part of a broader type I interferon response. Importantly, although mtdsRNA-induced APOBEC3A appears cytoplasmic by subcellular fractionation experiments, its induction triggers an overt DNA damage response characterized by elevated nuclear γ-H2AX staining. Thus, mtdsRNA dysregulation may induce APOBEC3A and contribute to observed genomic instability and mutation signatures in cancer.