gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Spectrum Management Scheme for Road Safety in Smart Cities (2018)

Traffic management in roads is one of the major challenges faced in developing efficient intelligent transportation systems. Recently, wireless networks have received significant attention for tackling this challenge. However, wireless technologies face the well-known spectrum scarcity problem due to the explosive demand for radio resources. To overcome this challenge, this study presents a novel intelligent traffic control system, utilizing the unused spectrum. Unlike existing works, the spectrum owners in this study hire free spectrum to drivers. The hired spectrum is deployed to build a short-range cost-effective wireless communication for monitoring traffic and enabling drivers to exchange warning messages, and thus enhancing road safety. Our objectives include minimizing crash probability, utilizing unused spectrum, and enabling spectrum owners to generate extra revenue. Numerical analysis demonstrates the capability of our approach to minimize the crash probability among vehicles under different operating road conditions.
Inhibition of Interleukin-1β by a Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Reduces Vascular Calcification in Ldlr-/- Mice (2015)

BACKGROUND: Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) develop extensive aortic calcification and calcific aortic stenosis. While statins delay this process, LDL-cholesterol lowering alone is not enough to avert it. Recently aortic calcification was reproduced in two animal models, LDL-receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) and LDL-receptor-attenuated Tg(Pcsk9) mice. We hypothesized that vascular inflammation initiated by hypercholesterolemia is followed by unchecked mineralization at sites of atherosclerotic plaques and given the link between cholesterol and activation of inflammation via interleukin-1β we thus test the effects of IL-1β inhibition on vascular calcification.
METHODS: A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAB) against IL-1β or (saline) placebo was administered subcutaneously to Ldlr-/- and Tg(Pcsk9) mice (n=58) fed a Western diet. Anthropometric, lipid and glucose profiles were determined. PCSK9, SAA-1 and cytokine expression were measured by ELISA. Aortic calcification was determined by micro-CT and x-ray densitometry while aortic flow velocity was assessed by ultrasound. 
RESULTS: Circulating levels of IL-1β in Ldlr-/- mice were twice that observed in Tg(Pcsk9) mice. Anti-IL-1β mAb-treated and placebo-treated mice did not differ in their growth characteristics, lipid or glucose profiles in both models, while mAb-treated mice had lower SAA1 levels. Aortic calcifications was markedly attenuated by anti-IL-1β mAb in Ldlr-/- (a significant reduction 75% by X-ray and 96.3% by micro-CT) than seen with Tg(Pcsk9) mice. However aortic flow velocities were unchanged in both models. 
CONCLUSIONS: Herein we demonstrated that aortic calcifications can be inhibited by anti-IL-1β mAb in the LDL-receptor deficient mice. These results have a translational application by preventing vascular calcification in human.
MPTLsim (2009)

The introduction of multicore microprocessors in the recent years has made it imperative to use cycleaccurate and full-system simulators in the architecture research community. We introduce MPTLsim - a multicore simulator for the X86 ISA that meets this need. MPTLsim is a uop-accurate, cycle-accurate, full-system simulator for multicore designs based on the X86-64 ISA. MPTLsim extends PTLsim, a publicly available single core simulator, with a host of additional features to support hyperthreading within a core and multiple cores, with detailed models for caches, on-chip interconnections and the memory data flow. MPTLsim incorporates detailed simulation models for cache controllers, interconnections and has built-in implementations of a number of cache coherency protocols.
The Glass Transition of Water, Based on Hyperquenching Experiments (2001)

The glass transition temperature (Tg) in water is still uncertain, with conflicting values reported in the literature. As with other hyperquenched glasses, water exhibits a large relaxation exotherm on reheating at the normal rate of 10 kelvin (K) per minute. This release of heat indicates the transformation of a high enthalpy state to a lower one found in slow-cooled glasses. When the exotherm temperature is scaled by Tg, the good glass-formers show a common pattern. However, for hyperquenched water, when this analysis is performed using the commonly accepted Tg = 136 K, its behavior appears completely different, but this should not be the case because enthalpy relaxation is fundamental to the calorimetric glass transition. With Tg = 165 +/- 5 K, normal behavior is restored in comparison with other hyperquenched glasses and with the binary solution behavior of network-former systems (H2O, ZnCl2, or BeF2 plus a second component). This revised value has relevance to the understanding of water- biomolecule interactions.
Longitudinal changes in <sup>18</sup>F‐<scp>THK</scp>5351 positron emission tomography in corticobasal syndrome (2019)

Longitudinal increases in <sup>18</sup> F-THK5351 binding can be detected over a short interval in the cortical sites of patients with CBS. A monoamine oxidase B binding radiotracer could be useful in monitoring the progression of astrogliosis in CBS.
'Parking' and packing problems in particulate materials processing (2007)

AbstractOne-dimensional 'parking' simulations are used to lay a foundation for analysis of packing problems encountered in particulate materials processing. Parking simulations involve a random sequence of segment space filling steps with simultaneous fragmentation of the remaining unoccupied space; analogous to how automobiles are parked along a curb or particles are placed in a die. The present study captures both the geometric and kinetic changes associated parking simulations. The results are generalised to three-dimensional particle structures. For example, data are extracted from parking simulations to show how powder filling into a container generates a lognormal pore size distribution. The results are useful in understanding powder packing problems such as optimisation of bimodal powder packing, powder reaction rates, rearrangement effects on packing density and polymer (binder or lubricant) pyrolysis.Keywords: PACKINGPORE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONPARKINGMODELBIMODALREARRANGEMENT
[Imaging blood-brain barrier function by using positron emission tomography to evaluate drug penetration into the brain]. (2013)

In drug development, the extent to which a target drug penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important. Positron emission tomography (PET) has enabled imaging of BBB functions in vivo, directly or indirectly, based on the characteristics of PET probes. Recent studies have demonstrated that drug penetration into the brain is limited by drug efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein , which are expressed at the BBB. [11C]verapamil is the first probe used to evaluate P-gp function at the BBB because verapamil is a substrate of P-gp and is usually extruded from the brain via active transport by P-gp. However, many studies have shown that [11C]verapamil uptake is altered on administration of P-gp inhibitors and in neuropsychiatric diseases. Further, various PET probes evaluating these efflux transporters are currently under development. We used [11C]FLB 457 to evaluate dopamine D2 receptor occupancy by several antipsychotic drugs in the pituitary gland located outside the BBB and the temporal cortex located in the brain. We compared the receptor occupancy in both regions and found that high occupancy in the pituitary gland meant low penetration of the drug into the brain, as in the case of sulpiride, whereas low occupancy in the pituitary gland meant high penetration, as in the case of olanzapine. This indicated that sulpiride penetrated less into the brain and caused hyperprolactinemia due to the high pituitary occupancy. Furthermore, we developed a tracer, [11C]sulpiride, to directly demonstrate the low penetration of sulpiride into the brain.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Modification of the Friedlaender Synthesis via ortho‐Dilithiated N‐Pivaloylanilines. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Elicitation for activation of the actinomycete genome's cryptic secondary metabolite gene clusters (2023)

This review summarizes the recent advances in the elicitation approaches used to activate the actinomycete genome's cryptic secondary metabolite gene clusters and shows the diversity of natural products obtained by various elicitation methods up to June 2022, such as co-cultivation of actinomycetes with actinomycetes, other non-actinomycete bacteria, fungi, cell-derived components, and/or algae. Chemical elicitation and molecular elicitation as transcription factor decoys, engineering regulatory genes, the promoter replacement strategy, global regulatory genes, and reporter-guided mutant selection were also reported. For researchers interested in this field, this review serves as a valuable resource for the latest studies and references.
Phosphor Based Temperature Indicating Paints (2012)

The ability to measure temperature in extreme environments such as the hot sections of gas turbines is critically important. Several on-line techniques exist but it is often not possible to measure in real-time the temperature of all surfaces of interest. Indeed, some surfaces are so inaccessible as to require complex, costly and intrusive instrumentation for on-line temperature measurement. Here, off-line sensors, also called thermal history sensors, can be used to record the temperatures to which they are exposed, in such a way that they can be extracted later off-line, at room temperature. Probably the best-known types of thermal history sensor are the colour changing thermal paints, that are widely used in gas turbine development. These have been valuable tools of engine developers for many years, but their use presents a number of challenges so that alternatives would be welcome. This paper reports the latest developments of a thermal history sensor based on phosphors that undergo permanent changes in their luminescence properties when exposed to high temperatures. Such thermal history sensors have several advantages over and address many of the shortcomings of existing sensors. The paper contains details of the application of a phosphor-based temperature indicating paint based on Y2SiO5:Tb suspended in a chemical binder. The binder was found to influence the optical properties of the phosphor but despite this, a viable sensor paint for temperatures in the range 400°C to 900°C was formed. A thermal history coating was installed using a thermal barrier coating architecture, applied on various components of a Royce-Rolls Viper 201 engine owned by STS and operated for a number of hours at Cranfield University. Post-operation analysis revealed a temperature distribution on the surfaces/components and enabled hotspots to be identified. Overall the results suggest that phosphor-based temperature indicating paints have the potential to surpass the capability of existing paints.
Selective Sampling in Hyperspectral Raman Micro-Spectroscopy: Obtaining Maximum Data with Minimal Sampling Time (2012)

We present a new method for selectively sampling hyperspectral Raman maps in order to maximize the information that can be obtained for a given sample time. Example maps and comparisons with alternative methods are provided.
Forebrain and midbrain regions are deleted in <i>Otx2</i>−/− mutants due to a defective anterior neuroectoderm specification during gastrulation (1995)

We have replaced part of the mouse homeogene Otx2 coding region with the E. coli lacZ coding sequence, thus creating a null allele of Otx2. By 9.5 dpc, homozygous mutant embryos are characterized by the absence of forebrain and midbrain regions. From the early to midstreak stages, endomesodermal cells expressing lacZ fail to be properly localized anteriorly. In the ectodermal layer, lacZ transcription is progressively extinguished, being barely detectable by the late streak stage. These data suggest that Otx2 expression in endomesoderm and ectoderm is required for anterior neuroectoderm specification. In gastrulating heterozygous embryos, a post-transcriptional repression acts on lacZ transcripts in the ectoderm, but not in the external layer, suggesting that different post-transcriptional mechanisms control Otx2 expression in both layers.
MMSE Optimization with Per-Base-Station Power Constraints for Network MIMO Systems (2008)

Cooperative transmission with multiple base stations is a way to overcome the interference limitation of conventional cellular system. We investigate the problem of linear transceiver design for such a network Multiple-Input-Multiple- Output (MIMO) system with per-base-station power constraints. Four design goals are considered: minimizing the total sum-MSE subject to per-base-station power constraints; minimizing the total transmit power subject to a total sum-MSE target and per-base-station power constraints; minimizing the maximum weighted user-MSE subject to per-base-station power constraints; minimizing the total transmit power subject to a set of user-MSE targets and per-base-station power constraints. For these problems, we derive globally optimal transmitters by reformulating the problems as convex Second Order Cone Programs (SOCPs). We also propose iterative algorithms for joint transmitter/receiver optimization. The joint transceiver optimization exploits that for the optimal transmitter, the receivers can be updated as linear MMSE filters. We prove that the proposed algorithms converge to local optima due to the non-convexity of the problems.
FLUID REPLACEMENT DURING MOUNTAIN BIKE RACES IN THE HEAT: RACK-MOUNTED VS. BACK-MOUNTED REHYDRATION (1999)

1615 The purpose of this study was to assess if a back-mounted rehydration system differentially affects fluid replacement during a mountain bike race in the heat when compared to traditional rack-mounted water bottles. Following pre-exercise hydration (plain water) equal to 2.8% of body weight (to assure proper hydration before exercise), 12 heat-acclimated experienced male mountain bikers (age - 24.5 ± 1.1 years, % body fat - 14.3 ± 1.0%, weight - 76.9 ± 1.9 kg, height - 179 ± 2 cm) completed a 30 mile mountain bike race in the heat (WBGT = 820) on 3 separate (1 week apart) occasions. Testing (random, cross-over design) included: 1) No Water (NW), no fluid, 2) Rack-Mounted (RM), water via two water bottles, 3) Back-Mounted (BM), water via a Camelbak* Classic. The riders stopped for 8 min following each 10 miles to collect data, no rehydration occurred in this time. Prior to each 10 mile loop water supplies were full. Performance time was not (p > .05) different between NW (158.03 ± 5.41 min), RM (159.67 ± 6.22 min) and BM (153.33 ± 5.47 min). Total fluid consumed was not different (p > .05) between RM (2218 ± 200 ml) and BM (2524 ± 311 ml), but BM (2.61 ± .32%) was less (p < .05) dehydrated than NW (5.02 ± .19%) and RM (2.99 ± .35%) post-exercise (PE). PE thirst was less (p < .05) in BM (6 ± 1) than NW (9 ± 0) and RM (8 ± 0). Thermal sensation tended (p = .06) to be less PE in BM as compared to RM. No significant (p > .05) differences were found for lactate, glucose, rectal temp., sweat rate, RPE, urine volume & color, USG, and heart rate between RM and BM. The data indicates subjects maintained an enhanced hydration status when water was available via a convenient bite-valve from a back-mounted reservoir as compared to traditional water bottles. In addition, the nonsignificant performance difference (∼6 min) is relevant for elite athletes. Also, based on the NW trial performance, an ample pre-race hydration plan may limit the detrimental effects of dehydration. Supported by Fastrak, Inc. and Berry College Faculty Development Grant
Evidence for the Formation of a Heptameric Ion Channel Complex by the Hepatitis C Virus P7 Protein in Vitro (2006)

The p7 protein of hepatitis C virus functions as an ion channel both in vitro and in cell-based assays and is inhibited by amantadine, long alkyl chain imino-sugar derivatives, and amiloride compounds. Future drug design will be greatly aided by information on the stoichiometry and high resolution structure of p7 ion channel complexes. Here, we have refined a bacterial expression system for p7 based on a glutathione S-transferase fusion methodology that circumvents the inherent problems of hydrophobic protein purification and the limitations of chemical synthesis. Rotational averaging and harmonic analysis of transmission electron micrographs of glutathione S-transferase-FLAG-p7 fusion proteins in liposomes revealed a heptameric stoichiometry. The oligomerization of p7 protein was then confirmed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis of pure, concentrated FLAG-p7. The same protein was also confirmed to function as an ion channel in suspended lipid bilayers and was inhibited by amantadine. These data validate this system as a means of generating high resolution structural information on the p7 ion channel complex.
18S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences of Three Panax Species and the Corresponding Ginseng Drugs. (1996)

Total DNA was extracted from the fresh underground parts of three Panax separate species. The 18S rRNA regions of extracted DNA were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their sequences were determined. In each species, the sequences were found to be of 1809 base pairs (bps) but with different gene sequences. Different base substitutions were observed at nucleotide positions 497, 499, 501 and 712. The same procedure was performed on commercial samples of Ginseng Radix, Panacis Japonici Rhizoma and American Ginseng. Each sequence completely corresponded with that of each original plant, namely P. ginseng, P. japonicus and P. quinquefolius, respectively. This is the first time that 18S rRNA gene sequencing on Panax species was carried out. Previously, Ginseng drugs have been identified mainly by their external and internal structure. Thus this method will be useful in identifying Ginseng drugs at the gene level.
Thermal atomic layer deposition of tungsten carbide films from WCl<sub>6</sub> and AlMe<sub>3</sub> (2017)

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of tungsten carbide films is described with a thermal process employing WCl6 and AlMe3 as precursors. WCl6 has not been previously reported as an ALD precursor. Furthermore, WCl6 has favorable precursor characteristics and advantages over the widely used WF6, which is corrosive and toxic. The process displays an ALD window between 275 and 350 °C and a high growth rate of 1.5–1.8 Å/cycle within the ALD window. High purity tungsten carbide films with low Al and Cl contaminants were deposited at 300 °C. Film resistivities decreased with increasing growth temperature, reaching a minimum value of 1500 μΩ cm at 375 °C. The as-deposited films are amorphous, which could indicate superior performance as a Cu diffusion barrier over previously studied polycrystalline tungsten carbide barrier layers.
Super-homogeneous microwave-photonic gain and its impact on optoelectronic oscillators (2012)

We develop the theory of microwave-photonic (MWP) gain saturation when two tones (one large and one small) are transmitted over an intensity-modulated direct-detection photonic link. We show that MWP gain is “super-homogeneous” with the larger signal saturating the gain of the smaller signal faster than the saturation of its own gain. This model is applied to the steady-state simulation of an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) incorporating slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) based laser and photodiode components. Our simulations and experimental measurements indicate that large sidemode suppression can be achieved even when multiple modes are supported within the cavity.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> at Temperatures Below 300 <sup>o</sup>C (2012)

Reduction of CO 2 at intermediate temperatures (T&lt; 300 o C) is a tempting way to produce hydrocarbons. One benefit of performing CO 2 reduction below 300 o C is that it would possibly allow a single process for production of hydrocarbons. CsH 2 PO 4 , BaHPO 4 and a composite thereof have been investigated as electrolyte materials both with respect to thermal stability and to conductivity. BaHPO 4 showed an improved thermal stability compared to CsH 2 PO 4 , but it did at the same time exhibit a low conductivity (1⋅10 -6 S cm -1 at 304 o C). CsH 2 PO 4 started to dehydrate at 249 o C, but this dehydration was shown to be reversible. Its conductivity was measured to be 2⋅10 -2 S cm -1 at 240 o C. Full cells with copper as the CO 2 reduction catalyst have been manufactured and tested in CO 2 containing atmospheres. Initial performance of 34 mA cm -2 at 245 o C has been achieved.
The King is Dead, Long Live the King: Entering A New Era of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Development (2011)

In mid November the biopharma industry was shocked by the announcement from Geron that they were ending work on embryonic stem cell research and therapy. For more than 10 years the public image of all stem cell research has been equated with embryonic stem cells. Unfortunately, a fundamentally important medical and financial fact was being ignored: embryonic stem cell therapy is extremely immature. In parallel to efforts in embryonic stem cell research and development, scientists and physicians in the field of adult stem cells realized that the natural role of adult stem cells in the body is to promote healing and to act like endogenous "repair cells" and, as a result, numerous companies have entered the field of adult stem cell therapy with the goal of expanding numbers of adult stem cells for administration to patients with various conditions. In contrast to embryonic stem cells, which are extremely expensive and potentially dangerous, adult cell cells are inexpensive and have an excellent safety record when used in humans. Many studies are now showing that adult stem cells are practical, patient-applicable, therapeutics that are very close to being available for incorporation into the practice of medicine. These events signal the entrance of the field of stem cells into a new era: an era where hype and misinformation no longer triumph over economic and medical realities.
Supplementary Data from Contacts with Macrophages Promote an Aggressive Nanomechanical Phenotype of Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods, Figures and Tables&lt;/p&gt;