gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A data adaptive approach to the robust fitting of PET data: Application to group and test-retest analysis (2009)

Model fitting of PET time activity curves (TACs) is typically accomplished according to the least squares (LS) criterion, which is optimal for data with Gaussian distributed errors, but not robust in the presence of outliers (e.g., head motion). In contrast, quantile regression (QR) is an alternative for robust fitting that provides estimates not heavily influenced by outliers only losing a little efficiency, relative to LS, when no outliers are present. A data adaptive (DA) approach, relying on the rationale that QR should be used when outliers are present and LS otherwise, chooses LS or QR based solely on the observed TAC by measuring the influentiality of each TAC point and using QR when the maximum influentiality among the TAC points is higher than a given threshold. We first compare the results of applying DA to those using LS on a group of 24 healthy controls studied with [ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> C]-DASB to investigate whether DA improves the accuracy of parameter estimates. We also studied the application of DA to a test-retest data set of 11 controls to determine whether DA improves test-retest reproducibility. DA decreases the standard deviation (SD) of the radioligand distribution volume (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) (relative improvement range: 0.12% -2.59%), while keeping the within-group average V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> values almost unchanged. This ~2.5% decrease in SD would result in a ~5% decrease in the number of subjects needed to maintain the same statistical power when doing group comparisons. For the test-retest data, DA reduces the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> percent difference (PD) by 0.01%-4.39% in 63% of the regions for the majority of test-retest pairs. The practical import of this reduction in the SD and PD, achievable by simply implementing a different fitting approach, is smaller required sample size to detect differences between groups and enhanced test-retest experiments reproducibility (i.e. improved sensitivity in occupancy studies)
Induction of 16a-/2-Hydroxyestrone Metabolite Ratios in MCF-7 Cells by Pesticides, Carcinogens, and Antiestrogens Does Not Predict Mammary Carcinogens (1998)

Andrew McDougal, Stephen Safe, Induction of 16α-/2-Hydroxyestrone Metabolite Ratios in MCF-7 Cells by Pesticides, Carcinogens, and Antiestrogens Does Not Predict Mammary Carcinogens, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 106, No. 4 (Apr., 1998), pp. 203-206
Blasticidin A as an Inhibitor of Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus. (2000)

Blasticidin A, an antibiotic, showed strong inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. Its structure was characterized by NMR and chemical degradation experiments as 1, which is a tetramic acid derivative with a highly oxygenated long alkyl chain similar to aflastatin A (2). Absolute configurations of the eight chiral centers at C-4, 6, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 37 of 1 were chemically determined. Blasticidin A almost completely inhibited aflatoxin production at 0.5 microM.
A European pharmacotherapeutic agent roflumilast exploring integrated preclinical and clinical evidence for SARS CoV‐2 mediated inflammation to organ damage (2022)

COVID-19 has spread globally, affecting almost 160 million individuals. Elderly and pre-existing patients (such as diabetes, heart disease and asthma) seem more susceptible to severe illness with COVID-19. Roflumilast was licensed for usage in the European Union in July 2010 as a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Under preclinical studies, roflumilast has been shown to decrease bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, lung hydroxyproline and right heart thickening. The current study reviewed existing data that the PDE-4 inhibitor, a roflumilast, protects renal tissues and other major organ systems after COVID-19 infection by decreasing immune cell infiltration. These immune-balancing effects of roflumilast were related to a decrease in oxidative and inflammatory burden, caspase-3 suppression and increased protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic A.M.P. (cAMP) levels in renal and other organ tissue.
PPW Noise Mitigation in Multilayer PCBs by Means of Virtual Island And/or Array of Shorting Vias (2007)

This paper describes the parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) noise mitigation by means of shorting vias and/or Virtual Island. The proposed method is already know in literature, nevertheless important considerations are here addressed: 1) the same noise mitigation level proposed in [S. Nam et. al., IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Technique (2005)] can be achieved by using only shorting vias, 2) the noise mitigation is strictly related to the number of shorting vias, the position and the distance from the signal via, 3) -60 dB noise suppression is obtained when array of shorting vias is used. The mitigation level is investigated both in time domain and frequency domain. Different configurations are studied and the impact of power plane with etched slots due to Virtual Islands on the signal integrity is also analyzed by evaluating TDR and insertion loss of a single-ended microstripline passing from top to bottom layer by means of a through via.
Salicylaldiminato Pyrrolylaldiminato Group 4 Metal Alkene Polymerization Catalysts: Combining High Activity with High Comonomer Incorporation (2006)

Abstract Summary: Treatment of Zr{3‐Bu t ‐2‐(O)C 6 H 3 CHN(C 6 F 5 )}Cl 3 (THF) with K[2‐(C 6 H 5 NCH)C 4 H 3 N] yields Zr{3‐Bu t ‐2‐(O)C 6 H 3 CHN(C 6 F 5 )}{2‐(C 6 H 5 NCH)C 4 H 3 N}Cl 2 , the first example of a (salicylaldiminato)(pyrrolylaldiminato)zirconium complex. The catalytic behavior of both the new zirconium pre‐catalyst and its titanium analogue have been determined. The titanium system is the more effective catalyst for both ethene homopolymerization and copolymerizations with hex‐1‐ene, norbornene, and cyclopentene. The titanium catalyst combines the high productivities of the bis(salicylaldiminato) parent complex with the more favorable comonomer incorporation of the bis(pyrrolylaldiminato) series. Copolymerizations with pre‐catalysts 1 and 2 . magnified image Copolymerizations with pre‐catalysts 1 and 2 .
Research into individual predisposition to develop acute rhabdomyolysis attributed to fenoverine (1996)

A xenobiotic, well tolerated by the majority of treated patients, can cause serious complications in patients with individual susceptibility. Based on the hypothesis that such a phenomenon may occur in rare cases of rhabdomyolysis attributed to fenoverine (DCI), we designed a protocol to look for a genetic predisposition. Six patients were included who had previously had an episode of rhabdomyolysis after taking fenoverine. A seventh patient was added, who had only experienced myalgia without cytolysis. All patients were investigated by the following tests: 31-phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, histopathological examination of the muscle, muscle contraction tests and biochemical analysis of the muscle. All patients examined proved to have muscle abnormalities. The pathology found varied greatly from patient to patient: mitochondrial myopathy, lipid storage myopathy, sensitivity to malignant hyperthermia or disorders of oxidative metabolism. The probability of finding by chance such rare muscle disorders associated with the equally rare rhabdomyolysis attributed to fenoverine is practically zero. We conclude that there is a cause and effect link between underlying abnormalities and the muscular cytolysis attributed to fenoverine.
Supplementary Data File from Autofluorescence Imaging of 3D Tumor–Macrophage Microscale Cultures Resolves Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Macrophage Metabolism (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figures 1-5 and supplementary tables 1-3. Supplementary Figure 1: Fluorescence lifetimes of NAD(P)H and FAD exhibit differences between macrophage polarization states. Supplementary Figure 2: Validation of two-photon wavelength mixing for evaluating autofluorescence and migration effects in 2D cultures and the 3D Stacks microfluidic platform. Supplementary Figure 3: Prolonged co-culture of mouse breast cancer and macrophages yields heterogeneous NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence lifetime and migration compared to monoculture. Supplementary Figure 4: Primary human tumor cells stimulate changes in NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence lifetime and cell migration in co-cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages. Supplementary Figure 5: Metabolic changes in human THP-1s following co-culture with MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma. Supplementary Table 1: Mouse and Human Macrophage Polarization Gene Panels. Supplementary Table 2: Significance of redox ratio fold change in inhibitor-treated 2D cytokine-stimulated mouse macrophages. Supplementary Table 3: Coefficients of variation (CV) and significance of CV equality for optical redox ratio in 2D cytokine-stimulated mouse macrophages and 3D mouse monocultures and co-cultures.&lt;/p&gt;
Trimethylphosphine–tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (2006)

The title simple Lewis acid–base adduct, C21H9BF15P or (H3C)3P–B(C6F5)3, is essentially insoluble in most non-coordinating organic solvents. The P—B bond lies along a threefold rotation axis. It crystallizes in the trigonal space group R\overline{3}. Weak intra­molecular C—H⋯F contacts are present between the methyl­phosphine and the ortho-F atoms of the fluoro­aryl­borane, resulting in an eclipsed geometry in the reaction partners. The observed insolubility is likely to be due, in part, to an additional inter­molecular network of weak contacts involving the para-F atoms of the B—C6F5 groups and the P(CH3)3 group.
Stronger Security Variants of GCM-SIV (2016)

At CCS 2015, Gueron and Lindell proposed GCM-SIV, a provably secure authenticated encryption scheme that remains secure even if the nonce is repeated. While this is an advantage over the original GCM, we first point out that GCM-SIV allows a trivial distinguishing attack with about 248 queries, where each query has one plaintext block. This shows the tightness of the security claim and does not contradict the provable security result. However, the original GCM resists the attack, and this poses a question of designing a variant of GCM-SIV that is secure against the attack. We present a minor variant of GCM-SIV, which we call GCM-SIV1, and discuss that GCM-SIV1 resists the attack, and it offers a security trade-off compared to GCM-SIV. As the main contribution of the paper, we explore a scheme with a stronger security bound. We present GCM-SIV2 which is obtained by running two instances of GCM-SIV1 in parallel and mixing them in a simple way. We show that it is secure up to 285.3 query complexity, where the query complexity is measured in terms of the total number of blocks of the queries. Finally, we generalize this to show GCM-SIVr by running r instances of GCM-SIV1 in parallel, where r _ 3, and show that the scheme is secure up to 2128r/(r+1) query complexity. The provable security results are obtained under the standard assumption that the blockcipher is a pseudorandom permutation.
Characterization of Ultrasonic Metal Welding by Correlating Online Sensor Signals With Weld Attributes (2014)

Online process monitoring in ultrasonic welding of automotive lithium-ion batteries is essential for robust and reliable battery pack assembly. Effective quality monitoring algorithms have been developed to identify out of control parts by applying purely statistical classification methods. However, such methods do not provide the deep physical understanding of the manufacturing process that is necessary to provide diagnostic capability when the process is out of control. The purpose of this study is to determine the physical correlation between ultrasonic welding signal features and the ultrasonic welding process conditions and ultimately joint performance. A deep understanding in these relationships will enable a significant reduction in production launch time and cost, improve process design for ultrasonic welding, and reduce operational downtime through advanced diagnostic methods. In this study, the fundamental physics behind the ultrasonic welding process is investigated using two process signals, weld power and horn displacement. Several online features are identified by examining those signals and their variations under abnormal process conditions. The joint quality is predicted by correlating such online features to weld attributes such as bond density and post-weld thickness that directly impact the weld performance. This study provides a guideline for feature selection and advanced diagnostics to achieve a reliable online quality monitoring system in ultrasonic metal welding.
Assisting to Sketch Unskilled People with Fixed and Interactive Virtual Templates (2007)

This work presents a study of performance improvement of unskilled people to drawn simple sketches. We have assisted the unskilled people when drawn using a haptic interface which acts as a virtual guide taking advantage of its force feedback capabilities. In the first part of the study, an application has been developed to extract fixed templates from image files; the application extract the principal edges in the images to build output trajectories (templates) that are used by haptic interface controller, after that, the user can "fill" the virtual templates with the assistance of the force feedback capabilities of the interface. Based on the obtained results for fixed templates, a second application was developed; the user can generate interactive templates indicating where he/she desires to put a geometrical template (circle, line or arc) inside the haptic interface's workplace; once that the position of the template is defined, the interface shows its position graphically and then user can fill it assisted by the haptic interface force feedback.
Stabilization using both noisy and noiseless feedback (2006)

When designing a distributed control system, the system designer has a choice in how to connect the different units through communication channels. In practice, noiseless and noisy channels may coexist. Using the standard toy example of scalar stabilization, this paper shows how a small amount of noiseless feedback can perform a ``supervisory'' role and thereby boost the effectiveness of noisy feedback.
In high-risk T1DM, real-time continuous glucose monitoring vs self-monitoring reduced hypoglycemic events (2018)

Source Citation Heinemann L, Freckmann G, Ehrmann D, et al. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes and impaired hypoglycaemia awareness or severe hypoglycaemia treated with multiple daily insulin injections (HypoDE): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018 391:1367-77. 29459019
Draft Genome Sequence of <i>Hymenobacter</i> sp. Strain AT01-02, Isolated from a Surface Soil Sample in the Atacama Desert, Chile (2016)

Here, we report the 5.09-Mb draft genome sequence of Hymenobacter sp. strain AT01-02, which was isolated from a surface soil sample in the Atacama Desert, Chile. The isolate is extremely resistant to UV-C radiation and is able to accumulate high intracellular levels of Mn/Fe.
Effects of mixed tocopherol versus alpha-tocopherol supplementation on tocopherol concentrations in plasma and buccal mucosal cells (2007)

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture
A Non-Electroneutral Model for Complex Reaction-Diffusion Systems Incorporating Species Interactions (2017)

In this study we develop a general framework for describing reaction-diffusion processes in a multi-component electrolyte in which multiple reactions of different types may occur. Our motivation for this is the need to understand how the interactions between species and processes occurring in a complex electrochemical system. We use the framework to develop a modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck model which accounts for the excluded volume interaction (EVI) and incorporates both electrochemical and chemical reactions. Using this model, we investigate how the EVI influences the reactions and how the reactions influence each other in the contexts of the equilibrium state of a system and of a simple electrochemical device under load. Complex behavior quickly emerges even in relatively simple systems, and deviations from the predictions of ideal solution theory, together with how they may influence the behavior of more complex system, are discussed.
Adapting small jumping robots to compliant environments (2023)

Jumping animals launch themselves from surfaces that vary widely in compliance from grasses and shrubs to tree branches. However, studies of robotic jumpers have been largely limited to those jumping from rigid substrates. In this paper, we leverage recent work describing how latches in jumping systems can mediate the transition from stored potential energy to kinetic energy. By including a description of the latch in our system model of both the jumper and compliant substrate, we can describe conditions in which a jumper can either lose energy to the substrate or recover energy from the substrate resulting in an improved jump performance. Using our mathematical model, we illustrate how the latch plays a role in the ability of a system to adapt its jump performance to a wide range of substrates that vary in their compliance. Our modelling results are validated using a 4 g jumper with a range of latch designs jumping from substrates with varying mass and compliance. Finally, we demonstrate the jumper recovering energy from a tree branch during take-off, extending these mechanistic findings to robots interacting with a more natural environment.
The prognostic impact of BCL2 protein expression in acute myelogenous leukemia varies with cytogenetics. (1999)

BCL2 protein exerts an antiapoptotic effect on cells and decreases chemosensitivity. To determine whether BCL2 expression is prognostic of patient outcome in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), we measured its level in 198 newly diagnosed, untreated AML patients by Western blotting using whole-cell lysates from low-density peripheral blood cells. BCL2 expression was not associated with the percentage of blasts (R2 = 0.10), French-American-British classification type, or cytogenetic abnormality. Smoothed martingale residual plots indicated that high BCL2 protein level was an adverse prognostic factor for patients with either favorable or intermediate prognosis cytogenetics [FIPC; inv(16), t(8:21), t(15:17), or diploid or insufficient metaphases] but was a favorable prognostic factor for patients with unfavorable prognosis cytogenetics (UC; -5, -7, +8, 11q23, Ph1, or miscellaneous changes). Patients with FIPC and high BCL2 (highest quartile) had a significantly shorter median survival (78 weeks versus not reached; P = 0.009) than did those with lower (lower three quartiles) levels of BCL2. Among those with UC, as BCL2 level decreased from the fourth quartile to the third or the combined first and second quartiles, the median survival decreased (from 94 to 45 or 17 weeks, respectively; P = 0.003). Lower expression of BCL2 in UC was associated with shorter remission duration (P = 0.05). In multivariate analyses performed using either overall or event-free survival as the end point, for either all patients or within either cytogenetic subgroup, BCL2 level was an independent prognostic factor. Similar analysis revealed that BCL2 level was an independent predictor of remission duration for UC patients as well. These data suggest that BCL2 is involved differently in different types (favorable versus unfavorable) of AML and that therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating BCL2 function may be more likely to work in patients with favorable cytogenetic abnormalities.
Investigating the role of polymer size on ionic conductivity in free-standing hyperbranched polyelectrolyte membranes (2021)

Polymer-based ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are utilized for many applications such as in water desalination, energy storage, fuel cells and in electrophoretic drug delivery devices, exemplified by the organic electronic ion pump (OEIP). The bulk of current research is primarily focused on finding highly conductive and stable IEM materials. Even though great progress has been made, a lack of fundamental understanding of how specific polymer properties affect ionic transport capabilities still remains. This leads to uncertainty in how to proceed with synthetic approaches for designing better IEM materials. In this study, an investigation of the structure-property relationship between polymer size and ionic conductivity was performed by comparing a series of membranes, based on ionically charged hyperbranched polyglycerol of different polymer sizes. Observing an increase in ionic conductivity associated with increasing polymer size and greater electrolyte exclusion, indicating an ionic transportation phenomenon not exclusively based on membrane electrolyte uptake. These findings further our understanding of ion transport phenomena in semi-permeable membranes and indicate a strong starting point for future design and synthesis of IEM polymers to achieve broader capabilities for a variety of ion transport-based applications.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE DESUBLIMATION OF CO2 (2022)

Desublimation of CO2 from a point source through direct contact with a cryogenic liquid is a promising approach to capture carbon. This study presents the results of a 3D numerical model of the desublimation process of CO2 onto a solid surface. Due to its high triple point pressure (~5.2 bar), CO2 converts to solid directly from the gas phase (i.e., desublimates) if cooled sufficiently at around atmospheric pressure. Desublimation phenomena on the surface has been modeled using a user-defined function (UDF) based on the diffusion boundary layer model implemented in CONVERGE. Preliminary work on the development of a 3D CO2 desublimation model is presented here with two different test cases: one with a single isothermal, solid, spherical surface; and the other with multiple solid isothermal spheres stacked vertically. The results show that the rate of desublimation is dependent on the number of spheres in the domain, the concentration of the point source, and the temperature of the spherical surface. The resulting decrease in the local molar concentration of CO2 between the surface of the static sphere and the immediate gas phase in the domain suggests desublimation. This was supported by the temperature difference at the same points in the domain. The numerical formulation of the desublimation model is validated analytically through the solid-vapor equations of state and the energy, mass, and species balance. The developed model will be used in future assessment of the desublimation-based cryogenic carbon capture system, post-experimental validation.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Steroids and Related Compounds. Part 5. Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Chokol A by a Tandem Michael‐Addition/Dieckmann Cyclization. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.