gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consciousness and cosmos building an ontological framework (2018)

Contemporary theories of consciousness are based on widely different concepts of its nature, most or all of which probably embody aspects of the truth about it. Starting with a concept of consciousness indicated by the phrase 'the feeling of what happens' (the title of a book by Antonio Damasio), we attempt to build a framework capable of supporting and resolving divergent views. We picture consciousness in terms of reality experiencing itself from the perspective of cognitive agents. Each conscious experience is regarded as composed of momentary feeling events that are combined by recognition and evaluation into extended conscious episodes that bind cognitive contents with a wide range of apparent durations (0.1 secs to 2 or more secs, for us humans, depending on circumstances and context). Three necessary conditions for the existence of consciousness are identified: a) a ground of reality, envisaged as a universal field of potentiality encompassing all possible manifestations, whether material or 'mental'; b) a transitional zone, leading to; c) a manifest world with its fundamental divisions into material, 'informational', and quale-endowed aspects. We explore ideas about the nature of these necessary conditions, how they may relate to one another and whether our suggestions have empirical implications.
Simplified procedure for the preparation of immobilized pH gradient gels (1986)

Abstract Immobilized pH gradient (IPG) slab gels are conventionally formed by use of two‐chamber gradient mixers on pH‐neutralized Immobiline mixtures, co‐polymerization of the gradient of Immobilines with acrylamide at 50 °C, washing and drying of the gel to its original weight followed by pre‐electrophoresis before applying the sample. This tedious procedure was replaced by one using gradient formation by pump, eliminating pH neutralization of the monomer mixture, substituting polymerization at 50 °C for one at the temperature of electrophoresis (10 °C in this study) and omitting washing and drying of the gel prior to use. Carrier ampholyte (CA) containing IPG gels were formed in the same way except that CAs were added to the polymerization mixture. Pre‐electrophoresis of IPG gels, formed by either the conventional or the simplified procedure, was found to be detrimental to the IPG patterns of proteins. The simplified procedure also allowed one to conduct IPG electrophoresis in gel tubes, eliminating lateral zone diffusion.
CCDC 806878: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2012)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Bending Behavior of Plain-Woven Fabric Air Beams: Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach (2006)

A swatch of plain-woven fabric was subjected to biaxial tests and its material characterization was performed. The stress-strain relations of the fabric were determined and directly used in finite element models of an air beam, assumed constructed with the same fabric, subjected to inflation and bending events. The structural responses to these events were obtained using the ABAQUS-Explicit[1] finite element solver for a range of pressures including those considered typical in safe operations of air inflated structures. The models accounted for the fluid-structure interactions between the air and the fabric. The air was treated as a compressible fluid in accordance with the Ideal Gas Law and was subjected to adiabatic constraints during bending. The fabric was represented with membrane elements and several constitutive cases including linear elasticity and hyperelasticity were studied. The bending behavior for each constitutive case is presented and discussions for their use and limitations follow.
Nanoimprint and selective-area MOVPE for growth of GaAs/InAs core/shell nanowires (2013)

We report on the technology and growth optimization of GaAs/InAs core/shell nanowires. The GaAs nanowire cores were grown selectively by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (SA-MOVPE) on SiO(2) masked GaAs (111)B templates. These were structured by a complete thermal nanoimprint lithography process, which is presented in detail. The influence of the subsequent InAs shell growth temperature on the shell morphology and crystal structure was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in order to obtain the desired homogeneous and uniform InAs overgrowth. At the optimal growth temperature, the InAs shell adopted the morphology and crystal structure of the underlying GaAs core and was perfectly uniform.
Sequenzielle und modulare Synthese von chiralen 1,3‐Diolen mit zwei Stereozentren: Zugang zu allen vier Stereoisomeren durch Kombination von Organo‐ und Biokatalyse (2009)

Biokompatibel: Eine modulare chemoenzymatische Synthese (siehe Schema) ermöglicht den sequenziellen Aufbau zweier Stereozentren in 1,3-Diolen und führt effizient zu allen vier Stereoisomeren in enantiomerenreiner Form. Weil das Reaktionsgemisch der organokatalytischen Aldolreaktion biokompatibel ist, kann die nachfolgende enzymatische Reduktion ohne Aufarbeitung direkt anschließend ausgeführt werden.
Les fibres optiques de nouvelles générations : performances et limites (2005)

International audience
Integrative cartilage repair: adhesive strength is correlated with collagen deposition (2001)

Procedures to repair focal articular cartilage defects often result in poor integration between the host cartilage and the graft tissue, and this may be related to the lack of matrix deposition and the death of chondrocytes near a cut cartilage surface. The objective of this study was to determine if cartilage repair was related to deposition of newly synthesized collagen. The mechanical integration that occurred between two live adult bovine cartilage blocks cultured in partial apposition for two weeks was correlated with [3H]proline incorporation, a measure of protein synthesis, of which more than 66% was accounted for by collagen. A similar level of mechanical integration occurred in sample pairs consisting of a live and killed cartilage block, and this adhesive strength was also correlated with [3H]proline deposition into both the live and the killed blocks. In these samples, the [3H]proline deposited into the killed cartilage appeared to originate from chondrocytes in the live cartilage, since live cells were not detected in the killed cartilage block by either viability staining or [35S]sulfate incorporation. These results suggest a mechanism of integrative cartilage repair in which live chondrocytes within cartilage secrete matrix molecules that are components of a collagen network, and subsequent deposition of these molecules near the repair interface contributes to functional integration.
One-step green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles with ascorbic acid and their versatile surface post-functionalization (2016)

Gold and silver nanoparticles, with different sizes, have been synthesized using ascorbic acid which allows a versatile and simple post-functionalisation.
Reducing Hepatocyte Injury and Necrosis in Response to Paracetamol Using Noncoding RNAs (2016)

The liver performs vital functions within the human body and is composed of numerous cell types. The major metabolic cell type of the liver, the hepatocyte, is susceptible to damage during drug overdose. In these studies, hepatocytes were generated from a renewable resource and exposed to varying levels of paracetamol, with a view to identifying interventions that could reduce or attenuate drug-induced liver toxicity. A novel noncoding RNA that reduced paracetamol-induced hepatocyte toxicity was identified. These findings may represent an important advance for the field.
Protein Microarrays for the Detection of Biothreats (2009)

Although protein microarrays have proven to be an important tool in proteomics research, the technology is emerging as useful for public health and defense applications. Recent progress in the measurement and characterization of biothreat agents is reviewed in this chapter. Details concerning validation of various protein microarray formats, from contact-printed sandwich assays to supported lipid bilayers, are presented. The reviewed technologies have important implications for in vitro characterization of toxin–ligand interactions, serotyping of bacteria, screening of potential biothreat inhibitors, and as core components of biosensors, among others, research and engineering applications.
The presentation and evaluation of a video based, six degree-of-freedom approach for analyzing human motion (1988)

An evaluation is presented of the measurement accuracy of a video-based procedure for analyzing the motion of rigid bodies for eventual application to human motion. The procedure, named MOVE3D, evaluates six-degree-of-freedom motion by monitoring the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of at least three noncollinear target markers per segment and then applying the principles of rigid body mechanics. A five-camera Vicon system, an AMTI force plate, and AMASS reduction software were used to supply the input for MOVE3D. A pendular test apparatus, synchronized to the system and mounted on the force plate, was used to produce known motions. Time histories for the five measured parameters were collected over five trials and demonstrated that a video-based data collection system can be used to measure accurately the parameters which characterize the motion of rigid bodies.< <ETX>&gt;</ETX>
Combinatorial Dispensing as a Fast and Efficient Means to Create Complex Screens (2006)

Liquid handling robots carry out tasks from simple plate filling to complex operations such as creating reagent cocktails from multiple stock solutions. The latter task is conceptually a combinatorial process where each cocktail is created by combining a subset of stock solutions in user-defined volumes. General-purpose liquid handlers can perform this task, but their hardware lacks the inherent properties needed to exploit the combinatorial nature of the problem at hand. Here we present the use of non-contact dispensing technologies to create complex screens at low volume and high density. Our approach is based on the "inkjet printer principle" where a block of dispensers (print head) travels over a multi-well plate (paper) to deliver the reagents (inks) in a user-defined pattern. Impact-induced mixing and the lack of tip contamination remove the need for extensive tip washing or the use of large numbers of disposable tips. As an example, protein crystallization screening is used to demonstrate the technology. This application requires the creation of complex mixtures from many stock solutions with a great diversity of viscosities and surface tensions. In addition, dispense volumes cover a range from 50 nL to 50 microL, illustrating its utility in low-volume high-density screening.
Correction: Reactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dimerization drives soot nucleation (2018)

Correction for 'Reactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dimerization drives soot nucleation' by M. R. Kholghy et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 10926-10938.
Unsaturated zone flow modeling for GWTT-95 (1995)

In accordance with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulation regarding groundwater travel times at geologic repositories, various models of unsaturated flow in fractured tuff have been developed and implemented to assess groundwater travel times at the potential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Kaplan used one-dimensional models to describe the uncertainty and sensitivity of travel times to various processes at Yucca Mountain. Robey and Arnold et al. used a two-dimensional equivalent continuum model (ECM) with inter- and intra-unit heterogeneity in an attempt to assess fast-flow paths through the unsaturated, fractured tuff at Yucca Mountain (GWTT-94). However, significant flow through the fractures in previous models was not simulated due to the characteristics of the ECM, which requires the matrix to be nearly saturated before flow through the fractures is initiated. In the current study (GWTT-95), four two-dimensional cross-sections at Yucca Mountain are simulated using both the ECM and dual-permeability (DK) models. The properties of both the fracture and matrix domains are geostatistically simulated, yielding completely heterogeneous continua. Then, simulations of flow through the four cross-sections are performed using spatially nonuniform infiltration boundary conditions. Steady-state groundwater travel times from the potential repository to the water table are calculated.
Stability of LPCVD Polysilicon Gates on Thin Oxides (1980)

Polysilicon films of thicknesses in the range of 1000–4700Å were characterized as regards (i) pinhole density and (ii) electrical properties of the fabricated MOS capacitors on 1000Å gate oxide. The effect of processing treatments were examined. It was found that (i) the phosphorus diffusion led to pinholes and higher freak population, the density of these being higher in thinner films, and (ii) the phosphorus glass flow caused lower median breakdown fields and higher freak population. On the other hand thermal oxidation and the exposure to window plasma etch did not have any effect on the breakdown field or freak population. High temperature anneal after aluminum deposition led to lower and breakdown field in all films. It is concluded that polysilicon films thicker than 2000Å can be safely used as the MOS gate for VLSI devices.
Early breast cancer: significance and effectiveness of local control by conservative surgery and primary radiation therapy. (1989)

The significance of local-regional control in patients with early breast cancer is examined in the light of data from recent studies. Information from prospectively randomized studies assessing early detection, surgical and radiation therapy procedures, and adjuvant systemic therapies, supports the importance of achieving optimal local-regional control. In most patients effective local control can be achieved without removal of the breast. Wide excision of the primary tumor, axillary dissection and radiation therapy, result in good local control and survival rates that are equal to those achieved with radical mastectomy. The historical development of alternatives to mastectomy is described. Recent data from retrospective and prospective randomized studies evaluating the effectiveness of limited surgery and primary radiotherapy are reviewed and analyzed.
[Repair of mitochondrial DNA after x-ray irradiation of teleost fish loach Misgurnus fossillis eggs]. (1982)

X-ray irradiation of loach Misgurnus fossilis mature eggs induces breaks in mtDNA molecules with efficiency about 100 ev per break. The yield of damaged molecules of mtDNA reduces after fertilization or activation of irradiated eggs and subsequent incubation. Two-fold reduction in the relative amount of broken DNA molecules in mitochondria is observed after an 6-7 hour incubation. X-ray irradiation largely accelerates mtDNA synthesis in eggs. Activation of mtDNA synthesis is observed in whole irradiated eggs and in mitochondria isolated from them as well. Appearance of nascent DNA in the broken mtDNA molecules indicates the repair nature of mtDNA synthesis induced by X-irradiation.
Reliable widely tunable electrically pumped 1050nm MEMS-VCSELs with amplifier in single butterfly co-package (2020)

We demonstrate the first 1050nm MEMS-eVCSEL co-packaged with a wideband amplifier to achieve over 70nm wavelength tuning at over 30mW of output power and SMSR greater than 40dB. Ophthalmic Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) images acquired at 800kHz A-scan rates showcase the telecom grade 14pin butterfly co-package as a path to low cost swept source OCT engines. Device design employs a strain-compensated InGaAs/GaAsP gain region disposed on a wideband fully oxidized GaAs/AlxOy back mirror capable of tuning ranges beyond 100nm. It has been suggested the wideband fully oxidized GaAs/AlxOy back mirror may pose risk to device lifetime reliability. However, over 9000hrs of lifetime testing validates reliability and projects device lifetimes exceed 20,000hrs under continuous use.
5G Wireless Access - Trial Concept and Results (2014)

5G is the next step in the evolution of mobile communication and a key component of the future networked society. With capabilities such as massive system capacity, higher data rates, very low latency and ultra-high reliability, 5G will provide significantly enhanced mobile-broadband experience but also support a wide range of new wireless applications and use cases. In this paper, a trial system for 5G mobile broadband operating at 15 GHz is outlined, together with initial experimental results showing that data rates of many Gbit/s are possible.
Metabolic response to an acute jump in cardiac workload: effects on malonyl-CoA, mechanical efficiency, and fatty acid oxidation (2007)

Inhibition of myocardial fatty acid oxidation can improve left ventricular (LV) mechanical efficiency by increasing LV power for a given rate of myocardial energy expenditure. This phenomenon has not been assessed at high workloads in nonischemic myocardium; therefore, we subjected in vivo pig hearts to a high workload for 5 min and assessed whether blocking mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation with the carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I inhibitor oxfenicine would improve LV mechanical efficiency. In addition, the cardiac content of malonyl-CoA (an endogenous inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I) and activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (which synthesizes malonyl-CoA) were assessed. Increased workload was induced by aortic constriction and dobutamine infusion, and LV efficiency was calculated from the LV pressure-volume loop and LV energy expenditure. In untreated pigs, the increase in LV power resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in fatty acid oxidation and cardiac malonyl-CoA content but did not affect the activation state of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The activation state of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitory kinase AMP-activated protein kinase decreased by 40% with increased cardiac workload. Pretreatment with oxfenicine inhibited fatty acid oxidation by 75% and had no effect on cardiac energy expenditure but significantly increased LV power and LV efficiency (37 +/- 5% vs. 26 +/- 5%, P < 0.05) at high workload. In conclusion, 1) myocardial fatty acid oxidation increases with a short-term increase in cardiac workload, despite an increase in malonyl-CoA concentration, and 2) inhibition of fatty acid oxidation improves LV mechanical efficiency by increasing LV power without affecting cardiac energy expenditure.
Demonstration of Secondary Electron Detection using Monolithic Multi-Channel Electron Detector (2008)

10.1143/JJAP.47.4913
Verification of Secret Key Generation from UWB Channel Observations (2009)

Theoretical models of ultrawideband (UWB) radio channels indicate that pairs of UWB radio transceivers measure their common radio channel with a high degree of agreement and third parties are not be able to accurately estimate the state of the common channels. These properties allow generation of secret keys to support secure communications from UWB channels measurements. In this paper, the results of UWB propagation studies are presented that validate the required properties to support secret key generation in a typical indoor environment. Key generation algorithms are employed on the measured data and key lengths on the order of thousands of bits are obtained capable of supporting most popular cryptographic systems. The paper also reports measurements of the spatial and temporal correlation of the UWB channel from which the relative privacy of the secret keys can be determined as well as the rate new secret keys may be generated.
Kinetic Study and Modeling of Glycerol Oxidation on a Commercial Supported Gold Catalyst (2019)

International audience
Grid Cells and Place Cells: An Integrated View of their Navigational and Memory (2015)

cycle. By contrast, the ﬁrst half of each theta cycle is devoted to comput-ing current position using sensory information from the lateral entorhinal cortex(LEC) and path integration information from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC).This model explains why MEC lesions can abolish hippocampal phase preces-sion but not place ﬁelds.
The Plasma Renin Test Reveals the Contribution of Body Sodium-Volume Content (V) and Renin-Angiotensin (R) Vasoconstriction to Long-Term Blood Pressure (2011)

Body sodium works together with the plasma renin-angiotensin system to ensure adequate blood flow to the tissues. Body sodium content determines the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume ensuring that, with each heart beat, a sufficient volume of fluid is delivered into the arterial space. At the same time the kidneys monitor ECF volume and blood pressure (BP), so that the juxtaglomerular cells can adjust their net secretion rate of renin to maintain an appropriate plasma renin activity (PRA) level. Plasma renin produces angiotensin II (Ang II) to constrict the arterioles and thereby ensure sufficient BP to deliver an appropriate rate of flow for cardiovascular homeostasis. The low renin, sodium-volume dependent (V) form of essential hypertension occurs whenever body sodium content increases beyond the point where plasma renin-angiotensin vasoconstrictor activity is turned off. In contrast, medium to high renin (R) hypertension occurs when too much renin is secreted relative to the body sodium content. Thus, BP = V × R. This volume-vasoconstriction dual support of long-term hypertension is validated by the fact that all effective long-term antihypertensive drug types are either (i) natriuretic to reduce body salt and volume content (anti-V), or (ii) antirenin to reduce or block the activity of the circulating renin-angiotensin system (anti-R). The PRA test defines the relative participation of the concurrent volume and vasoconstrictor factors. In the hypertensive patient PRA testing can guide initiation, addition or subtraction of anti-V or anti-R antihypertensive drug types to thereby improve BP control and prognosis while reducing drug type usage and cost.
Pro-cachectic factors link experimental and human chronic kidney disease to skeletal muscle wasting programs (2021)

Skeletal muscle wasting is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. However, the link between kidney and muscle function remains poorly understood. Here, we took a complementary interorgan approach to investigate skeletal muscle wasting in CKD. We identified increased production and elevated blood levels of soluble pro-cachectic factors, including activin A, directly linking experimental and human CKD to skeletal muscle wasting programs. Single-cell sequencing data identified the expression of activin A in specific kidney cell populations of fibroblasts and cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. We propose that persistent and increased kidney production of pro-cachectic factors, combined with a lack of kidney clearance, facilitates a vicious kidney/muscle signaling cycle, leading to exacerbated blood accumulation and, thereby, skeletal muscle wasting. Systemic pharmacological blockade of activin A using soluble activin receptor type IIB ligand trap as well as muscle-specific adeno-associated virus-mediated downregulation of its receptor ACVR2A/B prevented muscle wasting in different mouse models of experimental CKD, suggesting that activin A is a key factor in CKD-induced cachexia. In summary, we uncovered a crosstalk between kidney and muscle and propose modulation of activin signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for skeletal muscle wasting in CKD.