gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfur and nitrogen codoped cyanoethyl cellulose‐derived carbon with superior gravimetric and volumetric capacity for potassium ion storage (2022)

Abstract We fabricated sulfur and nitrogen codoped cyanoethyl cellulose‐derived carbons (SNCCs) with state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical performance for potassium ion battery (PIB) and potassium ion capacitor (PIC) anodes. At 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A g −1 , the SNCC shows reversible capacities of 369, 328, 249, 208, 150, and 121 mA h g −1 , respectively. Due to a high packing density of 1.01 g cm −3 , the volumetric capacities are also uniquely favorable, being 373, 331, 251, 210, 151, and 122 mA h cm −3 at these currents, respectively. SNCC also shows promising initial Coulombic efficiency of 69.0% and extended cycling stability with 99.8% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. As proof of principle, an SNCC‐based PIC is fabricated and tested, achieving 94.3 Wh kg −1 at 237.5 W kg −1 and sustaining over 6000 cycles at 30 A g −1 with 84.5% retention. The internal structure of S and N codoped SNCC is based on highly dilated and defective graphene sheets arranged into nanometer‐scale walls. Using a baseline S‐free carbon for comparison (termed NCC), the role of S doping and the resultant dilated structure was elucidated. According to galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses, as well as COMSOL simulations, this structure promotes rapid solid‐state diffusion of potassium ions and a solid electrolyte interphase that is stable during cycling. X‐ray diffraction was used to probe the ion storage mechanisms in SNCC, establishing the role of reversible potassium intercalation and the presence of KC 36 , KC 24, and KC 8 phases at low voltages.
Selected papers from Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics 2007 (2008)

This special issue on optical MEMS and nanophotonics features papers presented at the International Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics Conference held in Hualien, Taiwan, 12–16 August 2007, chaired by J Andrew Yeh. Minoru Sasaki and Chennupati Jagadish served as Program Co-Chairs of optical MEMS and nanophotonics, respectively. The conference featured a broad range of technologies in both topical areas with participation from academia, government laboratories and industry.
PAR-2 activation at the time of reperfusion salvages myocardium via an ERK1/2 pathway in in vivo rat hearts (2007)

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) may have proinflammatory effects in some tissues and protective effects in other tissues. The role of PAR-2 in in vivo myocardial ischemia-reperfusion has not yet been determined. This study tested the hypothesis that PAR-2 activation with the PAR-2 agonist peptide SLIGRL (PAR-2 AP) reduces myocardial infarct size when given at reperfusion in vivo, and this cardioprotection involves the ERK1/2 pathway. Anesthetized rats were randomly assigned to the following groups with 30 min of regional ischemia and 3 h reperfusion: 1) control with saline; 2) vehicle (DMSO); 3) PAR-2 AP, 1 mg/kg given intravenously 5 min before reperfusion; 4) scrambled peptide (SP), 1 mg/kg; 5) the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD-98059 (PD), 0.3 mg/kg given 10 min before reperfusion; 6) the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY-294002 (LY), 0.3 mg/kg given 10 min before reperfusion; 7) PD + PAR-2 AP, 0.3 mg/kg PD given 5 min before PAR-2 AP; 8) LY + PAR-2 AP, 0.3 mg/kg LY given 5 min before PAR-2 AP; 9) chelerythrine (Chel) alone, 5 mg/kg given 10 min before reperfusion; and 10) Chel + PAR-2 AP, Chel was given 5 min before PAR-2 AP (10 min before reperfusion). Activation of ERK1/2, ERK5, Akt, and the downstream targets of ERK1/2 [P90 RSK and bcl-xl/bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD)] was determined by Western blot analysis in separate experiments. PAR-2 AP significantly reduced infarct size compared with control (36 +/- 2% vs. 53 +/- 1%, P < 0.05), and SP had no effect on infarct size (53 +/- 3%). PAR-2 AP significantly increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p90RSK, and BAD but not Akt or ERK5. Accordingly, the infarct-size sparing effect of PAR-2 AP was abolished by PD (PAR-2 AP, 36 +/- 2% vs. PD + PAR-2 AP, 50 +/- 1%; P < 0.05) and by Chel (Chel + PAR-2 AP, 58 +/- 2%) but not by LY (PAR-2 AP, 36 +/- 2% vs. LY + PAR-2 AP, 38 +/- 3%; P > 0.05). Therefore, PAR-2 activation is cardioprotective in the in vivo rat heart ischemia-reperfusion model, and this protection involves the ERK1/2 pathway and PKC.
Aquaporin Changes during Diabetic Retinopathy in Rats Are Accelerated by Systemic Hypertension and Are Linked to the Renin-Angiotensin System (2012)

Activation of Müller glia and astrocytes was involved in the mechanism by which systemic hypertension affects DR. AQPs and macroglia were linked to changes in the RAS in DR. Changes in aquaporin expression in DR were increased by hypertension. This provides additional support for the early use of an ARB in the treatment of DR, especially in cases with retinal edema.
Grand unification, supersymmetry and a light gluino / (2001)

In this dissertation we consider a heavy gluino to be the lightest supersymmetric particle [LSP]. We investigate the limits on the mass of a heavy gluino LSP, using the searches for excess events in the jets plus missing momentum channel in Run I Tevatron. The neutral and charged R-hadrons, containing a heavy gluino LSP, have distinct signatures at the Fermilab Tevatron. We find that gluinos with mass in the range between &amp;sim;35 GeV and &amp;sim;115 GeV are excluded by CDF Run I data. Combined with previous results of Baer et al., which use LEP data to exclude the range 3&amp;ndash;22 &amp;sim; 25 GeV, our result demonstrates that an allowed window for a heavy gluino with mass between 25 and 35 GeV is quite robust. Finally we discuss the relevant differences of our analysis of Tevatron data to that of Baer et al. In the second part of this work, we present a solution to the &amp;mu; problem in an SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified model with gauge mediated and D-term supersymmetry breaking. A Peccei-Quinn symmetry is broken at the messenger scale &lt;italic&gt;M&lt;/italic&gt; &amp;sim; 10&lt;super&gt;12&lt;/super&gt; GeV and enables the generation of the &amp;mu; term. The boundary conditions defined at &lt;italic&gt;M&lt;/italic&gt; lead to a phenomenologically acceptable version of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with novel particle phenomenology. Either the gluino or the gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). In either case this heavy gluino, with mass in the range 25&amp;ndash;35 GeV, can be treated as a stable particle with respect to experiments at high energy accelerators. Given the extensive phenomenological constraints we show that the model can only survive in a narrow region of parameter space resulting in a light neutral Higgs with mass &amp;sim;(86&amp;ndash;91) &amp;plusmn; 6 GeV and tan &amp;beta; &amp;sim;9&amp;ndash;14. In addition the lightest stop and neutralino have mass &amp;sim;100&amp;ndash;122 GeV and &amp;sim;50&amp;ndash;72 GeV, respectively. Thus the model will soon be tested. Finally, the invisible axion resulting from PQ symmetry breaking is a cold dark matter candidate.
The anti-addictive drug ibogaine modulates voltage-gated ion channels and may trigger cardiac arrhythmias (2011)

Background Ibogaine is an alkaloid derived from the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. Psychoactive properties of ibogaine have been known for decades, but more recently the drug has received much attention because of its promising “anti-addictive” actions. Thus, ibogaine and its derivatives are being studied as potential treatment for opioid and stimulant abuse, as well as for alcoholism and smoking. Because ibogaine has a complex pharmacology and is known to interact with numerous different cellular targets, its potential to generate adverse effects is significant. Besides the expected neurotoxic actions, ibogaine may e.g. also affect the heart. Thus, several cases of sudden death after ibogaine use were reported, which have been hypothesised to be related to cardiac arrhythmias. In accordance, a severely prolonged QT interval of the electrocardiogram and ventricular tachyarrhythmias were observed in a woman after she had taken ibogaine.
Human Leukocyte Antigen–Presented Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is a Surface Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for Ovarian Cancer (2015)

T cells recognize cancer cells via HLA/peptide complexes, and when disease overtakes these immune mechanisms, immunotherapy can exogenously target these same HLA/peptide surface markers. We previously identified an HLA-A2-presented peptide derived from macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and generated antibody RL21A against this HLA-A2/MIF complex. The objective of the current study was to assess the potential for targeting the HLA-A2/MIF complex in ovarian cancer. First, MIF peptide FLSELTQQL was eluted from the HLA-A2 of the human cancerous ovarian cell lines SKOV3, A2780, OV90, and FHIOSE118hi and detected by mass spectrometry. By flow cytometry, RL21A was shown to specifically stain these four cell lines in the context of HLA-A2. Next, partially matched HLA-A*02:01+ ovarian cancer (n = 27) and normal fallopian tube (n = 24) tissues were stained with RL21A by immunohistochemistry to assess differential HLA-A2/MIF complex expression. Ovarian tumor tissues revealed significantly increased RL21A staining compared with normal fallopian tube epithelium (P < 0.0001), with minimal staining of normal stroma and blood vessels (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001 compared with tumor cells) suggesting a therapeutic window. We then demonstrated the anticancer activity of toxin-bound RL21A via the dose-dependent killing of ovarian cancer cells. In summary, MIF-derived peptide FLSELTQQL is HLA-A2-presented and recognized by RL21A on ovarian cancer cell lines and patient tumor tissues, and targeting of this HLA-A2/MIF complex with toxin-bound RL21A can induce ovarian cancer cell death. These results suggest that the HLA-A2/MIF complex should be further explored as a cell-surface target for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
The use of frequency domain kurtosis in the assessment of industrial noise environments for hearing conservation purposes. (1992)

Industrial noise environments are frequently characterized by combinations of noise impacts superimposed on a steady-state continuous noise background. Digital techniques were used to synthesize complex noise environments containing random impulses with random peak SPL’s up to 125 dB. Four groups of chinchillas were exposed to one of three different complex noise environments whose sound exposure levels and spectra were similar to a fourth Gaussian noise exposure. Conventional methods were used to measure energy spectra and exposure levels. Measures of permanent threshold shift showed significant differences between the complex noise exposures and the Gaussian exposure. An application of frequency domain kurtosis [R. F. Dwyer, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. OE-9, 85–92 (1984)] emphasized the region of the noise spectrum where audiometric differences were measured. [Work supported by NIOSH.]
A neutron flux monitor for a reactor neutron beam facility (2012)

A neutron beam monitor with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Li scintillator glass has been developed for the neutron beam facility at the Ohio State University Research Reactor. The beam monitor is primarily intended to monitor neutron flux and provide safety indications to researchers entering or working in the experimental area. A large LED display of the beam monitor offers an independent safety feature at the facility and enables a standalone operation. Preliminary measurements revealed nonlinearity in the response of the beam monitor to neutron flux, which is attributed to the saturation of current in the photomultiplier tube (PMT), the inherent gamma sensitivity of the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Li glass, and the non-linearity of the scintillator. A silicon (Si) PIN photodiode is also being studied as an alternative to the PMT.
Tractable calculation of the Green’s tensor for shear wave propagation in an incompressible, transversely isotropic material (2019)

Assessing material properties from observations of shear wave propagation following an acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) excitation is difficult in anisotropic materials because of the complex relations among the propagation direction, shear wave polarizations, and material symmetries. In this paper, we describe a method to calculate shear wave signals using Green's tensor methods in an incompressible, transversely isotropic (TI) material characterized by three material parameters. The Green's tensor is written as the sum of an analytic expression for the SH propagation mode, and an integral expression for the SV propagation mode that can be evaluated by interpolation within precomputed integral functions with an efficiency comparable to the evaluation of a closed-form expression. By using parametrized integral functions, the number of required numerical integrations is reduced by a factor of 10<sup>2</sup>-10<sup>9</sup> depending on the specific problem under consideration. Results are presented for the case of a point source positioned at the origin and a tall Gaussian source similar to an ARFI excitation. For an experimental configuration with a tilted material symmetry axis, results show that shear wave signals exhibit structures that are sufficiently complex to allow measurement of all three material parameters that characterize an incompressible, TI material.
Using Aggregation to Chaperone Nanoparticles Across Fluid Interfaces (2023)

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) transfer is usually induced by adding ligands to modify NP surfaces, but aggregation of NPs oftentimes hampers the transfer. Here, we show that aggregation during NP phase transfer does not necessarily result in transfer failure. Using a model system comprising gold NPs and amphiphilic polymers, we demonstrate an unusual mechanism by which NPs can undergo phase transfer from the aqueous phase to the organic phase via a single‐aggregation‐single pathway. Our discovery challenges the conventional idea that aggregation inhibits NP transfer and provides an unexpected pathway for transferring larger‐sized NPs (&gt;20 nm). The charged amphiphilic polymers effectively act as chaperons for the NP transfer and offer a unique way to manipulate the dispersion and distribution of NPs in two immiscible liquids. Moreover, by intentionally jamming the NP‐polymer assembly at the liquid/liquid interface, the transfer process can be inhibited.
The Impact of Shallow Trench Isolation on the Channel Hot Electron Programming Behaviors of SONOS Cells (2009)

As scaling down of the flash memory cell size continues, the impact of shallow trench isolation(STI) on active area(AA) in cell array becomes much more severe. Two types of influence have been reported: i) boron segregation: boron atoms at AA corner around STI tend to diffuse out, which induces lower boron concentration at AA corners; ii) STI stress: a compressive stress, coming from STI. The former may cause lower threshold voltage of edge cells. The latter will reduce the electron mobility, leading to higher threshold voltage for n-channel cells. In this work, we have studied the impact of STI on the channel hot electron programming behaviors of SONOS cells on single cell and array level. It has been found that the programmability of cells adjacent to STI is different from that of center cells. Boron segregation will substantially decrease the program efficiency while the stress will increase the initial programming voltage. In this paper, the impact of STI on edge cells will be reported and compared with the simulation results.
Synthesis and characterization of a chondroitin sulfate-polyethylene glycol corneal adhesive (2009)

The new adhesive was effective in restoring IOP and withstanding pressures greater than 200 mm Hg after being applied to a full-thickness corneal incision. The adhesive material was biocompatible with the 3 types of cells found in corneal tissue. When the adhesive was implanted in a live swine model, no adverse side effects were observed.
Criegee Intermediate Reaction with CO: Mechanism, Barriers, Conformer-Dependence, and Implications for Ozonolysis Chemistry (2014)

Density functional theory and transition state theory rate constant calculations have been performed to gain insight into the bimolecular reaction of the Criegee intermediate (CI) with carbon monoxide (CO) that is proposed to be important in both atmospheric and industrial chemistry. A new mechanism is suggested in which the CI acts as an oxidant by transferring an oxygen atom to the CO, resulting in the formation of a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone depending upon the CI) and carbon dioxide. Fourteen different CIs, including ones resulting from biogenic ozonolysis, are considered. Consistent with previous reports for other CI bimolecular reactions, the anti conformers are found to react faster than the syn conformers. However, this can be attributed to steric effects and not hyperconjugation as generally invoked. The oxidation reaction is slow, with barrier heights between 6.3 and 14.7 kcal/mol and estimated reaction rate constants 6-12 orders-of-magnitude smaller than previously reported literature estimates. The reaction is thus expected to be unimportant in the context of tropospheric oxidation chemistry. However, the reaction mechanism suggests that CO could be exploited in ozonolysis to selectively obtain industrially important carbonyl compounds.
Interhemispheric Cortico-Cortical Pathway for Sequential Bimanual Movements in Mice (2021)

Animals precisely coordinate their left and right limbs for various adaptive purposes. While the left and right limbs are clearly controlled by different cortical hemispheres, the neural mechanisms that determine the action sequence between them remains elusive. Here, we have established a novel head-fixed bimanual-press (biPress) sequence task in which mice sequentially press left and right pedals with their forelimbs in a predetermined order. Using this motor task, we found that the motor cortical neurons responsible for the first press (1P) also generate independent motor signals for the second press (2P) by the opposite forelimb during the movement transitions between forelimbs. Projection-specific calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulation revealed these motor signals are transferred from one motor cortical hemisphere to the other via corticocortical projections. Together, our results suggest the motor cortices coordinate sequential bimanual movements through corticocortical pathways.
A Lower-Cost High-Resolution LYSO Detector Development for Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) (2009)

In photomultiplier-quadrant-sharing (PQS) geometry for positron emission tomography applications, each PMT is shared by four blocks and each detector block is optically coupled to four round PMTs. Although this design reduces the cost of high-resolution PET systems, when the camera consists of detector panels that are made up of square blocks, half of the PMT's sensitive window remains unused at the detector panel edge. Our goal was to develop a LYSO detector panel which minimizes the unused portion of the PMTs for a low-cost, high-resolution, and high-sensitivity positron emission mammography (PEM) camera. We modified the PQS design by using elongated blocks at panel edges and square blocks in the inner area. For elongated blocks, symmetric and asymmetrical reflector patterns were developed and PQS and PMT-half-sharing (PHS) arrangements were implemented in order to obtain a suitable decoding. The packing fraction was 96.3% for asymmetric block and 95.5% for symmetric block. Both of the blocks have excellent decoding capability with all crystals clearly identified, 156 for asymmetric and 144 for symmetric and peak-to-valley ratio of 3.0 and 2.3 respectively. The average energy resolution was 14.2% for the asymmetric block and 13.1% for the symmetric block. Using a modified PQS geometry and asymmetric block design, we reduced the unused PMT region at detector panel edges, thereby increased the field-of-view and the overall detection sensitivity and minimized the undetected breast region near the chest wall. This detector design and using regular round PMT allowed building a lower-cost, high-resolution and high-sensitivity PEM camera.
Patients with CD36 Deficiency Are Associated with Enhanced Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (2011)

The morbidity of CAD is significantly higher in CD36-D patients suffering from severe atherosclerosis, implying that the status of CD36-D might be atherogenic.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur Oxidation Mediated by Imine Derivatives. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A standardized, extensible framework for optimizing classification improves marker-gene taxonomic assignments (2015)

Background : Taxonomic classification of marker-gene (i.e., amplicon) sequences represents an important step for molecular identification of microorganisms. Results : We present three advances in our ability to assign and interpret taxonomic classifications of short marker gene sequences: two new methods for taxonomy assignment, which reduce runtime up to two-fold and achieve high-precision genus-level assignments; an evaluation of classification methods that highlights differences in performance with different marker genes and at different levels of taxonomic resolution; and an extensible framework for evaluating and optimizing new classification methods, which we hope will serve as a model for standardized and reproducible bioinformatics methods evaluations. Conclusions : Our new methods are accessible in QIIME 1.9.0, and our evaluation framework will support ongoing optimization of classification methods to complement rapidly evolving short-amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics technologies. Static versions of all of the analysis notebooks generated with this framework, which contain all code and analysis results, can be viewed at http://bit.ly/srta-012 .