gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Hydrogen-Vanadium Reversible Fuel Cell (2017)

The hybrid hydrogen-vanadium reversible fuel cell consists of a gaseous hydrogen fuel cell electrode and a liquid vanadium flow battery electrode. This hybrid fuel cell system offers a feasible solution for storing electrical energy from the grid or directly from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. This system is attractive over the all-vanadium system due to the 50% reduction in the amount of vanadium solution required. Furthermore, by replacing the negative vanadium electrode with a hydrogen electrode the effect of self-discharge by the crossover of unwanted ions (vanadium II and III) from the negative electrode to the positive electrode is eliminated. Another benefit of this two-phase hybrid system is the ease of separation of the cross-over species. In this presentation, the effects of operating and design variables such as the vanadium electrolyte flow rate, type of carbon electrodes, and Nafion membranes and electrospun membranes made of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA)/ polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which are developed to reduce the crossover rate of vanadium ions, with different thickness will be discussed. Acknowledgement The work presented was partially funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EFRI-1038234. Figure 1
Effect of Coulomb interaction on current noise in open quantum dots (2007)

We analyze the effect of Coulomb interaction on the noise of electric current through an open quantum dot. We demonstrate that the ensemble average value of the noise power acquires an interaction correction even for a dot coupled to the leads by reflectionless point contacts, when the ensemble average conductance is known to have no interaction corrections. To leading order, the correction to the noise originates from the formation of a nonequilibrium state of the Coulomb field describing the interaction between electrons. We find the dependence of the current noise power on the electron temperature, the applied voltage bias, and the strength of the Coulomb interaction.
[Developing FGFR inhibitors as potential anti-cancer agents]. (2013)

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) family is a sequentially highly related subgroup of membrane proteins consisting of four tyrosine kinase type enzyme: FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. These are kinases of great interest in a wide spectrum of physiological processes such as tissue repair via controlling cell proliferation. As initiatiors of cell proliferation, in some cases they have leading roles in several types of cancer, eg. breast cancer, pancreas cancer, gastric tumors and multiple myeloma via overexpression and/or mutation. This phenomenon makes them promising targets for drug development in order to develop signal transduction therapies based on small molecule FGFR inhibitors. We have developed two main groups of lead molecules: compounds with benzotiophene and oxindole cores utilizing numerous methods from in silico modelling via in vitro biochemichal assays and testing on relevant cell lines to cytotoxicity assays.
Corydalis scouleri Hook. (2002)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/14137/thumbnail.jpg
Gravitational Settling of Glass Fibers on an Air Bubble (2015)

Froth flotation is a separation process in which air bubbles are introduced in a water tank to separate the valuable commodities from the valueless material. Based on their relative affinity to water the valuable particles attach to the bubble surface and are carried to the top of the flotation tank to form the froth layer. The resulting froth layer is eventually collected to produce the concentrate. Froth flotation has been used for more than a century in mining operations to separate valuable materials such as rare earth metals from excavated ores. More recently, froth flotation has been employed for the treatment of contaminated water. In the present study, the effect of the particle elongation on the attachment mechanism is investigated in great detail. Using an in-house optical micro-bubble sensor the attachment of micron glass fibres on the surface of a stationary air bubble immersed in stagnant water is investigated. The attachment mechanism is here defined as three successive events: the approach of the particle near the bubble upstream pole, the collision of the solid particle with the gas-liquid interface and the particle sliding on the gas bubble surface. The translational particle velocities together with the particle orientation during entire attachment process are measured and compared with a theoretical model. For the first time the existence of two types of attachment is shown. Upon collision near the upstream pole of the gas bubble the major axis of the fibre aligns with the local bubble surface. If collision occurs at least 30° further downstream the contact is likely to take a punctual form, i.e. the head of the fibre is in contact with the gas-liquid interface.
Genome-wide association analysis in dilated cardiomyopathy reveals two new players in systolic heart failure on chromosomes 3p25.1 and 22q11.23 (2021)

This study provides a better understanding of the genetic architecture of DCM and sheds light on novel biological pathways underlying heart failure.
CRISPR-Cas9-mediated induction of large chromosomal inversions in human bronchial epithelial cells (2022)

The <i>in vitro</i> recapitulation of chromosomal rearrangements is a necessary tool for understanding malignancy at the molecular level. Here, we describe the targeted induction of a large chromosomal inversion (>3.7 Mbp) through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. As inversions occur at low frequency following Cas9 cleavage, we provide a detailed screening approach of FACS-sorted, single-cell-derived clonal human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures. The protocol provided is tailored to HBECs; however, it can be readily applied to additional adherent cellular models. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zampetidis et al. (2021).
ChemInform Abstract: Trinorlupeol: A Major Nonsterol Triterpenoid in Arabidopsis (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Proteostasis governs differential temperature sensitivity across embryonic cell types (2022)

Abstract The genetic program of embryonic development is remarkably robust, but temperature stress can degrade its ability to generate animals with invariant anatomy. While the stereotyped, consistent phenotypes associated with environmental stress during vertebrate development suggest that some cell types are more sensitive to stress than others, the basis of this sensitivity is unknown. Here, we characterize hundreds of individual zebrafish embryos under temperature stress using whole-animal single cell RNA-seq to identify cell types and molecular programs within them that drive phenotypic variability. We find that temperature perturbs the normal proportions and gene expression programs of numerous cell types and also introduces asynchrony in their development. The notochord is particularly sensitive to temperature stress, which we show is due to a specialized cell type, sheath cells. Further analyses show that sheath cells accumulate misfolded protein at elevated temperature, leading to a cascading structural failure of the notochord and irreversible anatomic defects in the embryo. Our study demonstrates that whole-animal single cell RNA-seq can characterize mechanisms important for developmental robustness and pinpoint molecular programs within specific cell types that constitute key failure points.
Inducing Peer Pressure to Promote Cooperation (2013)

Cooperation in a large society of self-interested individuals is notoriously difficult to achieve when the externality of one individual's action is spread thin and wide on the whole society. This leads to the 'tragedy of the commons' in which rational action will ultimately make everyone worse-off. Traditional policies to promote cooperation involve Pigouvian taxation or subsidies that make individuals internalize the externality they incur. We introduce a new approach to achieving global cooperation by localizing externalities to one's peers in a social network, thus leveraging the power of peer-pressure to regulate behavior. The mechanism relies on a joint model of externalities and peer-pressure. Surprisingly, this mechanism can require a lower budget to operate than the Pigouvian mechanism, even when accounting for the social cost of peer pressure. Even when the available budget is very low, the social mechanisms achieve greater improvement in the outcome.
Metabolomic distinction and insights into the pathogenesis of human primary dilated cardiomyopathy (2010)

Metabolomic profiling identifies biologically active metabolites that could serve as markers of primary DCM and impart protective or harmful effects on cardiac structure and function.
Power amplifier PAE and ruggedness optimization by second harmonic control (2003)

Optimum class-AB power amplifier (PA) operation, with maximum power added efficiency (PAE) and ruggedness can be obtained by proper 2/sup nd/ harmonic termination at the in- and output. Implementation in a differential push-pull amplifier for DCS band yields significantly higher PAE and ruggedness even under high mismatch conditions. Various PA implementations using novel balun structures are compared for their performance.
Haptic mirror (2016)

To people who are visually impaired, sensory substitution requires conversion from distal visual data to proximal haptic cue. The challenge is to identify the optimum haptic cues that will make a common haptic "language", which can eventually be used to convey information about facial expressions to the individuals who are blind. Once this language has been developed, the next challenge is learning and training. We propose a dynamic haptic tool for simultaneous learning and interaction with a proposed haptic language. We call this application "Haptic mirror", an interactive haptic-based reflection of one's self which can be comparable to a visual mirror. Once the user has acquired this language, it can be used to convey the facial expressions of social peers.
An In Vitro Evaluation of an Artificial Heart (1991)

Interactions between human blood and the Penn State Artificial Heart were examined in vitro to study the effects of various operating conditions on the hematologic response. A dual-loop recirculating flow system that accommodated human blood was developed and blood was subjected for 3 hr to various operating conditions known to alter fluid mechanics in the artificial ventricle. The operating conditions investigated were: 60 beats/min at 50% systolic duration, 60 beats/min at 30% systolic duration, and 90 beats/min at 50% systolic duration. Quantification of plasma free hemoglobin provided a direct indicator of hemolysis in the flow system. Platelet number and beta-thromboglobulin levels were monitored to investigate thrombotic activity, and levels of complement 3a were measured to examine complement system activation. The system was effective in demonstrating the relative hemolytic properties of the operating conditions. Ninety beats/min induced 37% more hemolysis than 60 beats/min at 50% systolic duration, and 50% systolic duration induced 32% more hemolysis than 30% systolic duration at 60 beats/min. There were no statistically significant changes in either platelet number or beta-thromboglobulin levels during the 3 hr recirculation period. Increases were seen in complement 3a levels, but these appeared to be surface-induced and not sensitive to the different operating conditions. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of the flow system in examining the relative hemolytic properties of the artificial ventricle, and suggest that bulk turbulent stresses may play a more important role than laminar wall shear stresses in mediating blood damage in this artificial ventricle.
Increased prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases in Children with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (2021)

Increased prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases in Children with Chronic Spontaneous UrticariaMichelle Le, MD1, Lydia Zhang MD2, Sofianne Gabrielli MSc2, Connor Prosty BSc, MD(c)1, Laura May Miles LLM, MD(c)2, Elena Netchiporouk, MD, MSc1, Sharon Baum, MD3, Shoshana Greenberger, MD3, Luis F. Ensina, MD, MSc, PhD4, Fatemeh Jafarian, MD1, Xun Zhang, PhD5, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, MD, MSc21Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada2Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada3Department of Dermatology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Hashomer, Israel4Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paolo, Brazil5Centre for Outcome Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaCorrespondence: Michelle Le, M.D., 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montréal, Québec, H4A 3J1 email: michelle.le@mail.mcgill.caArticle type: LetterManuscript word count: 981References : 10Tables : 1Figures: NoneFunding sources : NoneConflicts of interest: None declaredIRB Approval Status : Reviewed and approved by McGill University Health Centre; approval 12-255GEN
Correlation between RF and DC reliability in GaN high electron mobility transistors (2008)

Although RE life test is a more definitive technique for RE FET reliability estimation, DC life test is often preferred over RE life test due to its simplicity. In this work, we study how degradation of DC performance in GaN high electron mobility transistors correlates to RE performance degradation in both RE and DC life tests. We show that DC life tests can seriously underestimate device lifetime in GaN HEMTs due to lower instantaneous V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DG</sub> . The impact of gate current degradation on output power degradation is also discussed.
Study of parasitic trapping in alumina used as blocking oxide for nonvolatile memories (2011)

Alumina layers deposited by atomic layer deposition followed by rapid thermal anneal were characterized. We found that the crystallization of alumina in γ-phase occurs between 700 and 850 °C. Optical band gap, stress, and density were found to increase upon crystallization. Hydrogen content in alumina was characterized by ToF-SIMS and infrared spectroscopy. We found that annealing ambience has a strong influence on hydrogen concentration: oxygen favors hydrogen desorption from alumina. Finally, charge trapping in alumina was characterized by C(V) measurements. A strong correlation between hydrogen concentration and trapping was established.
&lt;title&gt;Multiple-pulse damage thresholds of optical components for excimer lasers&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

For characterization of the long-term stability of UV optical components a set-up for determination of multiple- pulse damage thresholds has been developed. Using a high power excimer laser, 'S-on-1' damage thresholds were measured at 248nm for bare UV substrates as well as high- and anti-reflective dielectric coatings, indicating characteristic dependencies on the number of applied laser pulses and pulse repetition rates. It could be demonstrated that the multiple pulse threshold of dielectric coatings strongly depends on the thermal conductivity of the substrate. In addition, stability test were performed at 308nm on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>HR coatings applying 10<SUP>8</SUP> pulses of up to 400mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Although the samples did withstand this long-term irradiation without damage, a slight degradation of the optical properties and a laser- induced contamination layer on the irradiated area were observed.
1A-3 Sum Frequency Imaging During Vibro-acoustography of Tissue (2006)

Vibro-acoustography is an imaging method that uses the radiation force of two interfering ultrasound beams of slightly different frequency to probe an object. An image is formed using the resulting low-frequency acoustic emission from the object's vibration at the difference frequency. A previously unstudied information signal is present during vibro-acoustography, which is formed by the sum frequency of the two beams. This study explored the feasibility of imaging tissue at the sum frequency while concurrently forming the low-frequency vibro-acoustic image, thereby increasing the amount of information acquired during a single scan. Vibro-acoustic and sum frequency images were acquired from a commercial breast phantom and excised human prostate and thyroid tissues. The sum frequency image produces a high-resolution C-scan of the tissue with the usual speckle artifact and is relatively similar to images at the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> harmonic frequency of the driving beams. Summing all three images together reduces speckle and improves image contrast
Novel Ambler Class A Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing β-Lactamase from a <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> Isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France (2009)

A Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate (PF-1) resistant to carbapenems was recovered during an environmental survey performed with water from the Seine River (Paris). It expressed a novel Ambler class A carbapenemase, BIC-1, sharing 68 and 59% amino acid identities with beta-lactamases SFC-1 from Serratia fonticola and the plasmid-encoded KPC-2, respectively. beta-Lactamase BIC-1 hydrolyzed penicillins, carbapenems, and cephalosporins except ceftazidime and monobactams. The bla(BIC-1) gene was chromosomally located and was also identified in two other P. fluorescens strains isolated from the Seine River 3 months later.
Identification of a putative effector protein for rab11 that participates in transferrin recycling (1999)

We have identified and cloned the cDNA for a 912-aa protein, rab11BP, that interacts with the GTP-containing active form of rab11, a GTP-binding protein that plays a critical role in receptor recycling. Although rab11BP is primarily cytosolic, a significant fraction colocalizes with rab11 in endosomal membranes of both the sorting and recycling subcompartments. In vitro binding of rab11 to native rab11BP requires partial denaturation of the latter to expose an internal binding site located between residues 334 and 504 that is apparently masked by the C-terminal portion of the protein, which includes six repeats known as WD40 domains. Within the cell, rab11BP must undergo a conformational change in which the rab11-binding site becomes exposed, because when coexpressed with rab11 in transfected cells the two proteins formed abundant complexes in association with membranes. Furthermore, although overexpression of rab11BP did not affect transferrin recycling, overexpression of a truncated form of the protein, rab11BP(1-504), that includes the rab11-binding site but lacks the WD40 domains inhibited recycling as strongly as does a dominant negative rab11 mutant protein that does not bind GTP. Strikingly, the inhibition caused by the truncated rab11BP was prevented completely when the cells also expressed a C-terminally deleted, nonprenylatable form of rab11 that, by itself, has no effect on recycling. We propose that rab11BP is an effector for rab11, whose association with this GTP-binding protein is dependent on the action of another membrane-associated factor that promotes the unmasking of the rab11-binding site in rab11BP.
Foscarnet Salvage Therapy for Patients with Late-Stage HIV Disease and Multiple Drug Resistance (2006)

In patients with HIV mutations conferring resistance to all antiretroviral drug classes, foscarnet markedly reduced plasma HIV load and improved immunological status.
Efficient Terahertz Pulse Generation in Laser-Induced Gas Plasmas (2005)

In this contribution, we review the development of sources for far--infrared (terahertz) radiation based on laser-generated gas plasmas. We describe several generation mechanisms based on ponderomotive forces, external field screening, and optical second-harmonic biasing. These methods are compared with the standard techniques with respect to the achievable terahertz pulse energy.
A Secondary Kinetic Isotope Effect Study of the 1-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-xylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase-Catalyzed Reaction: Evidence for a Retroaldol-Aldol Rearrangement (2009)

1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) reductoisomerase (DXR, also known as methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) synthase) is a NADPH-dependent enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of DXP to MEP in the nonmevalonate pathway of isoprene biosynthesis. Two mechanisms have been proposed for the DXR-catalyzed reaction. In the alpha-ketol rearrangement mechanism, the reaction begins with deprotonation of the C-3 hydroxyl group followed by a 1,2-migration to give methylerythrose phosphate, which is then reduced to MEP by NADPH. In the retroaldol/aldol rearrangement mechanism, DXR first cleaves the C3-C4 bond of DXP in a retroaldol manner to generate a three-carbon and a two-carbon phosphate bimolecular intermediate. These two species are then reunited by an aldol reaction to form a new C-C bond, yielding an aldehyde intermediate. Subsequent reduction by NADPH affords MEP. To differentiate these mechanisms, we have prepared [3-(2)H]- and [4-(2)H]-DXP and carried out a competitive secondary kinetic isotope effect (KIE) study of the DXR reaction. The normal 2 degrees KIEs observed for [3-(2)H]- and [4-(2)H]-DXP provide compelling evidence supporting a retroaldol/aldol mechanism for the rearrangement catalyzed by DXR, with the rate-limiting step being cleavage of the C3-C4 bond of DXP.
Effects of the Initial Heat-Up Period on a Two-Droplet Array Burning at High Pressure in Microgravity. (1999)

The interactive combustion of two closely spaced droplets at elevated pressures was investigated experimentally in a 2.2 second drop tower. Heptane, hexadecane and mixtures of the two were the fuel, and a nitrogen oxygen ambient with a relatively low oxygen concentration was employed to facilitate observaton of droplets during combustion at elevated pressures. Results show that staged combustion of binary fuel droplets still exists for interacting droplets at elevated pressures. For pure fuels, it is shown that the interaction effects are principally observed during the initial heating period. For fuel mixtures, interaction effects are estimated by comparing transition time of single droplet and that of two droplets.