gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive discrimination in an HMM-based neural predictive system for on-line word recognition (1996)

We have introduced previously (1996) a neural predictive system for on-line word recognition. Our approach implements a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based cooperation of several neural networks. The task of the HMM is to guide the training procedure of neural networks on successive parts of a word. Each word is modeled by the concatenation of letter-models corresponding to the letters composing it. In this article, we present the discriminative training procedures introduced in order to improve the results of our first model. Discriminative training is described at the local level, that is of each extracted parameter vector, and at the global level, that is the level of sequences of labels. We relate this type of training in both cases to the maximum mutual information formalism. Discriminative training was performed on 7000 words from 9 writers, leading to improved results at the character level. Moreover, the use of a neural lexical post-processor (NLPP) gives very good word recognition rates.
Immature versus Mature Dura Mater: II. Differential Expression of Genes Important to Calvarial Reossification (2000)

The ability of immature animals and newborns to orchestrate successful calvarial reossification is well described. This capacity is markedly attenuated in mature animals and in humans greater than 2 years of age. Previous studies have implicated the dura mater as critical to successful calvarial reossification. The authors have previously reported that immature, but not mature, dural tissues are capable of elaborating a high expression of osteogenic growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules. These findings led to the hypothesis that a differential expression of osteogenic growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules by immature and mature dural tissues may be responsible for the clinically observed phenotypes (i.e., immature animals reossify calvarial defects; mature animals do not). This study continues to explore the hypothesis through an analysis of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta3, collagen type III, and alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression. Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated from freshly harvested immature (n = 60) and mature (n = 10) dural tissues demonstrated a greater than three-fold, 18-fold, and nine-fold increase in TGF-beta3, collagen type III, and alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression, respectively, in immature dural tissues as compared with mature dural tissues. Additionally, dural cell cultures derived from immature (n = 60) and mature dura mater (n = 10) were stained for alkaline phosphatase activity to identify the presence of osteoblast-like cells. Alkaline phosphatase staining of immature dural cells revealed a significant increase in the number of alkaline phosphatase-positive cells as compared with mature dural tissues (p < 0.001). In addition to providing osteogenic humoral factors (i.e., growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules), this finding suggests that immature, but not mature, dura mater may provide cellular elements (i.e., osteoblasts) that augment successful calvarial reossification. These studies support the hypothesis that elaboration of osteogenic growth factors (i.e., TGF-beta33) and extracellular matrix molecules (i.e., collagen type III and alkaline phosphatase) by immature, but not mature, dural tissues may be critical for successful calvarial reossification. In addition, these studies suggest for the first time that immature dural tissues may provide cellular elements (i.e., osteoblasts) to augment this process.
Acromegaly Caused by Growth Hormone-relating Hormone in a Patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I (1996)

A 51-year-old Caucasian man with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I syndrome presented with clinical features of acromegaly. Exploration of the pituitary gland only revealed somatotrophic hyperplasia and his plasma growth hormone (GH) levels remained elevated. Production of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) by an ectopic tumor was suspected and, after additional investigations, a large pancreatic tumor was detected and removed. As the pancreatic tail contained multiple (occult) adenomas, lifelong follow-up was considered necessary. The patient has been recurrence-free for 10 years. All 19 living relatives of this patient were analysed for endocrine disorders related to MEN I syndrome. A brother was found to suffer from peptic ulcer disease caused by hyperparathyroidism and, during screening for other organ involvement associated with the MEN I syndrome, two tumors were found, one (4 cm) in the pancreatic tail region and one in the right adrenal gland. To date, six other family members have been found to suffer or have suffered from hyperparathyroidism and in a male subject, a prolactinoma and hyperparathyroidism were detected.
De Novo SCN2A Mutations Cause Variable Phenotypes in Children with Epilepsy (2014)

Purpose: Mutations in the sodium channel gene SCN2A have been associated with benign epileptic phenotypes such as benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures. Recently, several de novo SCN2A mutations have been found in children with more severe forms of epilepsy. Here, we describe the phenotypic spectrum of a cohort of children with drug resistant epilepsies due to de novo SCN2A mutations.
No proarrhythmic properties of the antibiotics Moxifloxacin or Azithromycin in anaesthetized dogs with chronic‐AV block (2006)

As neither moxifloxacin nor azithromycin caused TdP or an increase in the BVR, we conclude that both drugs can be used safely in clinical situations.
Spatial normalization of eye fundus images (2012)

The development of digital retinal color imaging causes a substantial increase in the number and the size of retinal image databases. Image processing methods have been developed to help the specialists analyze these images. However, the heterogeneity of the databases, regarding image scale, contrast or quality, makes the design of generic image processing algorithms difficult. The presented work focuses on the spatial normalization of these images. The method is based on the definition of a size invariant in images. Unfortunately, the size of anatomical structures is either difficult to measure (e.g. the distance between optic disk and fovea requires a tricky segmentation of the fovea) or can change from one person to another (e.g. the optic disk size ranges from 1 to 2 mm). Neither does the resolution of images give a satisfactory solution, even if it is the approach used in the literature. We propose to use the diameter of the field of view in images as a size invariant. It is shown to give good results, provided that all the images have been acquired with the same aperture angle. OPHDIAT is a telemedicine network for diabetic retinopathy screening. Thousands of color eye fundus images have been collected, 70% of which have been classified as healthy by ophthalmologists. The TeleOphta project aims at performing a preliminary analysis of the images, in order to automatically filter out healthy images, and thus reduce the burden on specialists. The proposed method has been validated using images from OPHDIAT. Its results have been compared with those of the spatial normalization based on the manual measurement of the distance between the center of the optic disk and the center of the fovea. Results show a nearly perfect agreement between them.
The role of Doppler myocardial imaging in management and demonstration of changes in myodardial velocity and strain rate in hyperthyroidism. Abstract no 101885. (2001)

The role of Doppler myocardial imaging in management and demonstration of changes in myodardial velocity and strain rate in hyperthyroidism. Abstract no 101885.
High performance computation of landscape genomic models including local indicators of spatial association (2016)

With the increasing availability of both molecular and topo-climatic data, the main challenges facing landscape genomics - that is the combination of landscape ecology with population genomics - include processing large numbers of models and distinguishing between selection and demographic processes (e.g. population structure). Several methods address the latter, either by estimating a null model of population history or by simultaneously inferring environmental and demographic effects. Here we present samβada, an approach designed to study signatures of local adaptation, with special emphasis on high performance computing of large-scale genetic and environmental data sets. samβada identifies candidate loci using genotype-environment associations while also incorporating multivariate analyses to assess the effect of many environmental predictor variables. This enables the inclusion of explanatory variables representing population structure into the models to lower the occurrences of spurious genotype-environment associations. In addition, samβada calculates local indicators of spatial association for candidate loci to provide information on whether similar genotypes tend to cluster in space, which constitutes a useful indication of the possible kinship between individuals. To test the usefulness of this approach, we carried out a simulation study and analysed a data set from Ugandan cattle to detect signatures of local adaptation with samβada, bayenv, lfmm and an F<sub>ST</sub> outlier method (FDIST approach in arlequin) and compare their results. samβada - an open source software for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X available at http://lasig.epfl.ch/sambada - outperforms other approaches and better suits whole-genome sequence data processing.
The First Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Dialkylzincs to α-Ketoesters (2002)

[formula: see text] The first catalytic, enantioselective addition of organoznic reagents to alpha-ketoesters is described. Modular bifunctional salen catalysts that contain Lewis acid and Lewis base activating groups accelerate the carbonyl addition to a much greater extent than the competing carbonyl reduction. alpha-Hydroxyesters containing new quaternary stereogenic centers are obtained in high yield and moderate enantiomeric excess. Enrichment to 98% ee can be effected by recrystallization of the corresponding alpha-hydroxy acid.
The HP time vault service (2003)

Digital information is increasingly more and more important to enable interactions and transactions on the Internet. On the other hand, leakages of sensitive information can have harmful effects for people, enterprises and governments.This paper focuses on the problems of dealing with timed release of confidential information and simplifying its access once public: it is a common issue in the industry, government and day-to-day life.We introduce the "HP Time Vault Service", based on the emerging Identifier-based Encryption (IBE) cryptography schema. IBE (public) encryption keys specify the disclosure time. These keys are used to encrypt confidential information. An independent time server generates and publishes IBE decryption keys correspondent to the current time, at predefined intervals.We discuss the advantages of this approach against current approaches based on traditional cryptography. A web-service based prototype is described, as a proof of concept.
A Novel Composite Material for Foldable Building Envelopes (2019)

Contemporary research is increasingly focused on studying buildings that either interact with environmental boundaries or adapt themselves to their users’ needs. In the current literature, this kind of ability is given different names: responsivity, adaptability, smartness. These are different ways to refer to a common concept, with subtle nuances. Foldable surfaces are one of the most interesting geometries able to give responsivity to building components, but often their production is complex and expensive. The aim of this research was the creation of a novel material that can provide lightweight solutions for foldable building envelopes. This composite material can be folded and unfolded easily, like a sheet of paper, but with a higher mechanical performance. It is made with the thermoplastic elastomer SEBS (styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene) as its matrix, as well as a fabric reinforcement. In this paper, following an introduction to this subject, the authors present the composite material’s production methods and its mechanical characterization.
Reconstructing shapes with guarantees by unions of convex sets (2010)

A simple way to reconstruct a shape A from a sample P is to output an r-offset P + r B, where B = {x ∈ RN x ≤ 1} designates the unit Euclidean ball centered at the origin. Recently, it has been proved that the output P + r B is homotopy equivalent to the shape A, for a dense enough sample P of A and for a suitable value of the parameter r. In this paper, we extend this result and find convex sets C ⊂ RN, besides the unit Euclidean ball B, for which P + rC reconstructs the topology of A. This class of convex sets includes in particular N-dimensional cubes in RN. We proceed in two steps. First, we establish the result when P is an ε-offset of A. Building on this first result, we then consider the case when P is a finite noisy sample of A.
INVESTIGAÇÃO E TDIC NO ENSINO E NA APRENDIZAGEM DE CIÊNCIAS: RELATO DE UMA OFICINA ACERCA DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE VIDA, PIGMENTOS E DNA DE PLANTAS (2021)

The expository method is known to be prevalent in basic education in Brazil. However, there arealternatives to this approach, such as educational technologies known as active methodologies, ofwhich teaching by inquiry is an example. Faced with the global challenge of social distancingresulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, remote or hybrid teaching became a reality, on a contingentand emergency basis, which represented difficulties and opportunities to reflect, implement andevaluate research teaching in the context of application of digital information and communicationtechnologies (TDIC). This work is an account of a workshop inspired by this, held in remote format,in a Moodle environment and with the use of TDIC, with the application of the investigativemethod for teaching the theme Life: DNA and pigments, aimed at students in the last years ofthe Elementary School II and High School students. The workshop took place in the format of aDidactic Sequence with moments of exposition of problem situations, carrying out experimentsand reporting and discussion of results as systematization. In the end, it was observed that themethodology used provided effective learning about the relationship between life and DNA, inaddition to improvements in students’ abilities to collect, interpret, analyze and reframe data ininvestigative instructional processes.
A frequency and time domain study of the horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular reflex in the pigeon (1988)

1. The horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular reflex (HVOR and VVOR, respectively) was studied in four chronically instrumented pigeons. Eye movements were measured using the magnetic search-coil technique and were produced by rotation in the dark. During the rotation paradigms, the pigeons were either pharmacologically aroused (using amphetamine) or drug free (normal). The pigeon HVOR and VVOR were tested using step and sinusoidal rotational stimulation. The range of frequencies (0.03-6.0 Hz) and the magnitude of the sinusoidal stimuli were chosen to match those used in a previous study of the responses of semicircular canal primary afferents (SCPAs) in unanesthetized (i.e., normal) pigeons. 2. The gain of the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons was independent of stimulus magnitude (6-30 degrees/s) over the frequency range tested. In aroused pigeons, the frequency independent gain (G) of the HVOR (G = 0.6) and VVOR (G = 0.9) was roughly twice that for normal pigeons. Pigeon VOR phase under all combinations of orientation and arousal level was independent of stimulus magnitude except at the lowest frequency tested (0.03 Hz). At this frequency, phase lead decreased as stimulus magnitude increased for the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. 3. The step and sinusoidal gains were greater for the VVOR than for the HVOR under the same level of arousal. Neither the gain nor the dominant time constant of the VOR (tau vor) differed for rotation direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) for the HVOR or VVOR in normal or aroused pigeons. 4. The mean value of tau vor was 4.0 +/- 0.5 (SE) s as estimated from frequency response data and 4.3 +/- 0.4 s as estimated from step response data for the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. In comparison, the mean value of the dominant or cupular time constant (tau c) of normal pigeon SCPAs was approximately 10 s as estimated from frequency response data. These results indicate that tau vor is shorter than tau c in the pigeon. 5. At higher frequencies, the pigeon HVOR and VVOR exhibit an increasing phase lag unaccompanied by a gain change--characteristics produced by a pure time delay. The value of this time delay was about 7 ms for both the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. The HVOR and VVOR in normal and aroused pigeons lacked the higher frequency lead characteristics present in the frequency responses of most pigeon SCPAs.
Hospital volume-outcome relationship in severe traumatic brain injury: stratified analysis by level of trauma center (2020)

Higher volumes of severe TBI cases at a lower level of trauma center may be associated with a longer LOS. These results may assist policymakers with target interventions for resource allocation and point to the need for careful prehospital decision-making in patients with severe TBI.
A Stereochemical Probe of the Tetrahedral Intermediate in the Reactions of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Dependent Acetyltransferases (1996)

A pair of isomeric acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) analogs have been prepared in which the thioester group is replaced with a secondary alcohol. The two isomers differ in stereoconfiguration of the secondary alcohol and were designed to mimic the two possible configurations of the tetrahedral intermediate or transition state in the reactions of acetyl-CoA dependent acetyltransferases. These two isomers were tested as inhibitors of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase, both of which have previously been predicted to form a tetrahedral intermediate which matches the configuration of the (S)-alcohol. The (S)-isomer was the more potent inhibitor of both enzymes, with Ki values 12-fold and 6-fold lower than the Ki values for the (R)-isomer. The (S)-isomer was also the more potent inhibitor of phosphate acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA synthetase, and arylamine acetyltransferase, for which the stereochemistry of the tetrahedral intermediate was previously unknown. These results suggest a common stereoconfiguration of the tetrahedral intermediate among acetyl-CoA dependent acetyltransferases.
A dynamic load balancing model for networked virtual environment systems using an efficient boundary partition management (2006)

Networked virtual environment (NVE) provides an environment that a number of entities recognizes and interacts with each other. Mainly, NVE systems use multiple servers to process requests from a large numbers of clients. But these servers can meet the excessive load situations caused by entities' behaviors on real time service. In order to cope with these situations, dynamic load balancing techniques are used to redistribute works of servers in realtime (Ta Nguyen Binh Duong and Suiping Zhou, 2003). In this paper, we propose a dynamic load balancing model that readjusts the partitions of the virtual worlds in realtime with the situation of each server manages an allocated partition and we present the simulation results for this model to illustrate its effectiveness.
Impact of Thickness of Liquid Crystal Cell on Holographic Properties with the Assistant of Photoconductive ZnSe Film (2014)

As short as response time (5.4 ms) and as large as exponential gain coefficient (1795.0 cm−1) were obtained in C60 doped 5CB liquid crystal cells sealed between two ITO glass plates coated with ZnSe film.
Optimal covering tours with turn costs (2001)

We give the first algorithmic study of a class of “covering tour” problems related to the geometric Traveling Salesman Problem: Find a polygonal tour for a cutter so that it sweeps out a specified region (“pocket”), in order to minimize a cost that depends not only on the length of the tour but also on the number of turns. These problems arise naturally in manufacturing applications of computational geometry to automatic tool path generation and automatic inspection systems, as well as arc routing (“postman”) problems with turn penalties. We prove lower bounds (NP-completeness of minimum-turn milling) and give efficient approximation algorithms for several natural versions of the problem, including a polynomial-time approximation scheme based on a novel adaptation of the m-guillotine method.
RECENT PROGRESS OF NEW CANCER THERAPY FACILITY AT HIMAC (2011)

The new cancer therapy facility has been constructed at HIMAC. In order to realize the adaptive charged particle therapy, the 3D scanning irradiation system is installed in the new facility. In March, 2011, the treatment room E was completed and the commissioning was finished. We started the heavy ion radiotherapy to the first patient as a clinical study on May 17, 2011. We have continued the clinical studies for a more than a dozen patients in this year. Some improvements and developments such as the superconducting rotating gantry are continued in parallel. INTRODUCTION Since 1994, the carbon beam treatment has been continued at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) [1]. The total number of patients is more than 6,000 in 2011. Based on more than ten years of experience, we have constructed new treatment system at New Particle Therapy Research Facility in NIRS. The project design was started in 2006 and the facility building was completed in May, 2010 (Table 1). There are three treatment rooms in the facility. Two of them are equipped with fixed beam delivery systems in both the horizontal and vertical directions (Room E & F), and the other will be equipped with a rotating gantry (Room G). The heavy ion beam is provided from the HIMAC upper synchrotron (Fig. 1(a)). The aim at the new facility is the establishment of the following subjects , 1. Adaptive charged particle therapy, 2. Compact rotating gantry for carbon beam. The size and shape of the tumours vary during the treatment period. The adaptive therapy is a method to meets the change of the targets. To achieve it, a 3D scanning method with a pencil beam is employed in the new facility [2]. The maximum ion energy is designed to be C, 430 MeV/n in both the horizontal and vertical beam-delivery systems, in order to obtain more than the residual range of 30 cm. The Fig. 1(b) shows the horizontal and vertical irradiation lines for the treatment room E. The rotating gantry improves the dose conformity and less sensitivity to range uncertainties. It also reduces the patient’s load. The challenges of the carbon gantry are a cost and size, including the building. In the initial design of the rotating gantry using normal conducting magnets in NIRS, the weight was about 400 tons. We have preceded the development of the superconducting gantry to reduce the size and the weight. Table 1: Progress of the new facility project