gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promotion of Dermal Wound Healing by Polysaccharides Isolated from Phellinus gilvus in rats (2005)

The effects of topical administration of polysaccharides isolated from fungus, Phellinus gilvus (PG) on the healing of rat dermal wounds were assessed. In 10 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, six 6 mm diameter defects were made with a punch biopsy appliance. After 24 hr, test substances were applied to the defects twice a day: 0.025, 0.25, and 2.5% polysaccharides from PG (PG0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 groups), Madecassol ointment (MC group), aqueous gel (AG group) and no treatment (control group). Six days postoperatively, the contraction and reepithelialization of the wound surface were assessed. Wound diameter was significantly reduced in all PG groups (P<0.05). Complete epithelialization and macrophages were noted in the PG0.25 group, as compared to the control group. We conclude that polysaccharides isolated from PG have significant dermal wound healing effects, and this investigation suggests the potential clinical application of PG as a wound healing agent.
MRI Assessment of Ablation‐Induced Scarring in Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis from the DECAAF Study (2015)

Catheter ablation of AF targeting PVs rarely achieves permanent encircling scar in the intended areas. Overall atrial fibrosis present at baseline and residual fibrosis uncovered by ablation scar are associated with recurrent arrhythmia.
Multicast using Bit Index Explicit Replication (2015)

This document specifies a new architecture for the forwarding of
multicast data packets. It provides optimal forwarding of multicast
packets through a domain. However, it does not require any
explicit tree-building protocol, nor does it require intermediate
nodes to maintain any per-flow state. This architecture is known as
Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER). When a multicast data packet
enters the domain, the ingress router determines the set of egress
routers to which the packet needs to be sent. The ingress router then
encapsulates the packet in a BIER header. The BIER header contains a
bitstring in which each bit represents exactly one egress router in
the domain; to forward the packet to a given set of egress routers,
the bits corresponding to those routers are set in the BIER header.
Elimination of the per-flow state and the explicit tree-building
protocols results in a considerable simplification.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of (Quantitative) Structure—Activity Relationships to Progestagens: From Serendipity to Structure‐Based Design (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Swellable functional hypercrosslinked polymer networks for the uptake of chemical warfare agents (2017)

Porous materials can be used as sorbents for the bulk uptake (and potential deactivation) of chemical warfare agents (CWAs).
Drastic slowdown of the Rayleigh-like wave in unjammed granular suspensions (2019)

We present an experimental investigation of Rayleigh-like wave propagation along the surface of a dense granular suspension. Using an ultrafast ultrasound scanner, we monitor the softening of the shear modulus via the Rayleigh-like wave velocity slowdown in the optically opaque medium as the driving amplitude increases. For such nonlinear behavior two regimes are found when increasingthe driving amplitude progressively: First, we observe a significant shear modulus weakening due to the microslip on the contact level without macroscopic rearrangements of grains. Second, there is a clear macroscopic plastic rearrangement accompanied by a modulus decrease up to 88%. A friction model is proposed to describe the interplay between nonlinear elasticity and plasticity, which highlights the crucial effect of contact slipping before contact breaking or loss. Investigation of this nonlinear Rayleigh-like wave may bridge the gap between two disjoint approaches for describing the dynamics near unjamming: linear elastic soft modes and nonlinear collisional shock.
A statistical information extraction system for Turkish (2003)

This paper presents the results of a study on information extraction from unrestricted Turkish text using statistical language processing methods. In languages like English, there is a very small number of possible word forms with a given root word. However, languages like Turkish have very productive agglutinative morphology. Thus, it is an issue to build statistical models for specific tasks using the surface forms of the words, mainly because of the data sparseness problem. In order to alleviate this problem, we used additional syntactic information, i.e. the morphological structure of the words. We have successfully applied statistical methods using both the lexical and morphological information to sentence segmentation, topic segmentation, and name tagging tasks. For sentence segmentation, we have modeled the final inflectional groups of the words and combined it with the lexical model, and decreased the error rate to 4.34%, which is 21% better than the result obtained using only the surface forms of the words. For topic segmentation, stems of the words (especially nouns) have been found to be more effective than using the surface forms of the words and we have achieved 10.90% segmentation error rate on our test set according to the weighted TDT-2 segmentation cost metric. This is 32% better than the word-based baseline model. For name tagging, we used four different information sources to model names. Our first information source is based on the surface forms of the words. Then we combined the contextual cues with the lexical model, and obtained some improvement. After this, we modeled the morphological analyses of the words, and finally we modeled the tag sequence, and reached an F-Measure of 91.56%, according to the MUC evaluation criteria. Our results are important in the sense that, using linguistic information, i.e. morphological analyses of the words, and a corpus large enough to train a statistical model significantly improves these basic information extraction tasks for Turkish.
cuRRBS: simple and robust evaluation of enzyme combinations for reduced representation approaches (2017)

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification in many species that is critical for development, and implicated in ageing and many complex diseases, such as cancer. Many cost-effective genome-wide analyses of DNA modifications rely on restriction enzymes capable of digesting genomic DNA at defined sequence motifs. There are hundreds of restriction enzyme families but few are used to date, because no tool is available for the systematic evaluation of restriction enzyme combinations that can enrich for certain sites of interest in a genome. Herein, we present customised Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (cuRRBS), a novel and easy-to-use computational method that solves this problem. By computing the optimal enzymatic digestions and size selection steps required, cuRRBS generalises the traditional MspI-based Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) protocol to all restriction enzyme combinations. In addition, cuRRBS estimates the fold-reduction in sequencing costs and provides a robustness value for the personalised RRBS protocol, allowing users to tailor the protocol to their experimental needs. Moreover, we show in silico that cuRRBS-defined restriction enzymes consistently out-perform MspI digestion in many biological systems, considering both CpG and CHG contexts. Finally, we have validated the accuracy of cuRRBS predictions for single and double enzyme digestions using two independent experimental datasets.
Experimental Evaluation of the ETSI DCC Adaptive Approach and Related Algorithms (2020)

Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) mechanisms have been a core part of protocol stacks for vehicular networks since their inception and standardization. The ETSI ITS-G5 protocol stack for vehicular communications considers the usage of DCC not only in the network or access layers, but also as a part of the cross-layer architecture that influences how often messages are generated and transmitted. ETSI DCC mechanisms have evolved from a reactive approach based on a finite state machine, to an adaptive approach that relies on a linear control algorithm. This linear control algorithm, called LIMERIC, is the basis of the mechanism used in the ETSI DCC Adaptive Approach. The behavior of this algorithm depends on a set of parameters. Different values for these parameters have been proposed in the literature, including those defined in the ETSI specification. A recent proposal is Dual-α, which chooses parameters to improve convergence and fairness when the algorithm has to react to fast changes in the use of the shared medium (transitory situations). This article evaluates, by means of simulations, the performance of the ETSI DCC Adaptive Approach and related algorithms, considering both steady state and transitory situations. Results show that a bad selection of parameters can make a DCC algorithm ineffective, that the ETSI DCC Adaptive algorithm performs well in steady state conditions, and that Dual-α performs as well in steady state conditions and outperforms the ETSI DCC Adaptive Approach in transitory scenarios.
Engineering the New South: Georgia Tech, 1885–1985 by Robert C. McMath, Jr., et al (1988)

TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 155 Thus the book suggests the futility of the current quest for a the­ ory and methodology of creativity and originality. The book’s design is trendy, with single columns of type 4Vi inches wide pushed far to one side of an 8-inch-wide page. None of the illustrations requires the jumbo format; their reproduction var­ ies from fair to poor. The type is clear, however, most lines are justi­ fied, and there are few typographical errors. Eugene S. Ferguson Mr. Ferguson, a past president of SHOT, has published articles on mechanical tech­ nology. Engineering the New South: Georgia Tech, 1885—1985. By Robert C. McMath, Jr., Ronald H. Bayor, James E. Brittain, Lawrence Fos­ ter, August W. Giebelhaus, and Germaine M. Reed. Athens: Uni­ versity of Georgia Press, 1985. Pp. xii+560; illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $37.50. Although well written and informative, unusual for a joint effort such as this, Engineering the New South is of marginal value to histori­ ans of technology. It is primarily a narrative history of the Georgia In­ stitute of Technology from its birth during the late 19th century until the present. The early chapters address themselves in a prelimi­ nary manner to the French tradition of the Ecole centrale, a tradi­ tion of on-the-job training and practical skills that contrasted to the theoretical tradition and emphasis on mathematics practiced by the École polytechnique. It was this tradition of practical training at the expense of theoretical training that the founders of the Georgia School of Technology followed, although by the beginning of the 20th century the school had settled down to a standard engineering curriculum, and the commercial shop experiments of the school’s early administrators were no longer in operation. Beyond this rather sketchy account of Tech’s educational philoso­ phy, there is no other attempt to describe the school’s curriculum or teaching methods. Instead, the authors describe the efforts of the school’s founders and presidents to place Tech on a sound finan­ cial footing, recruit faculty members and students from out of state, and establish and maintain a program of athletics, with em­ phasis on football. All this is well done. The description of Tech’s struggle with some of Georgia’s populist governors and legislators is quite enter­ taining. Little in the book, however, relates to Tech’s place in the his­ tory of American engineering. Peter Molloy Dr. Molloy is executive director of the National Historical Fire Foundation in Phoe­ nix. ...
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl‐3‐aryl‐substituted Quinuclidines as Novel Dopamine Transporter Inhibitors. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neonatal Microbiome and the Gut–Brain Axis: Is It the Origin of Adult Diseases? (2018)

Abstract The gut–brain axis may contribute to the pathophysiology of a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases and chronic illnesses of adulthood. A literature search was completed using PubMed and the following keywords: “gut microbiota,” “breast milk,” “schizophrenia,” “irritable bowel syndrome,” “obesity,” “anorexia and bulimia nervosa,” and “depression.” The search was limited to articles available in English and published in the past 20 years. The human microbiota is essential to normal structure and function. The relationship of microbiota and the central nervous system is called the gut–brain axis, which may be responsible for many pathologic conditions. Research is needed to confirm this association and unveil the pathogenesis of this phenomenon.
Diagnostic Approaches for the Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) Virus and Related Pestiviruses (1993)

teritis in piglets associated with Aujeszky’s disease virus infection. Vet Pathol 21:450-452. 14. Patel JR, Edington N, Mumford JA: 1982, Variation in cellular tropism between isolates of equine herpesvirus-1 in foals. Arch Virol 74:41-51. 15. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T: 1989, Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory’ Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. 16. Studdert MJ: 1983, Restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprinting of respiratory, foetal and perinatal foal isolates of equine herpesvirus type 1. Arch Virol 77:249-258. 17. Studdert MJ, Simpson T, Roizman B: 1981, Differentiation of respiratory and abortigenic isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 by restriction endonucleases. Science 214:562-564. 18. Whitwell KE, Blunden AS: 1992, Pathological findings in horses dying during an outbreak of the paralytic form of equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1) infection. Equine Vet J 24: 13-19. 19. Yeargan MR, Allen GP, Bryans JT: 1985, Rapid subtyping of equine herpesvirus 1 with monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 21:694-697.
β-Defensins in the Fight against Helicobacter pylori (2017)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a pivotal role in the innate immune responses to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in humans. β-Defensins, a class of cationic arginine-rich AMPs, are small peptides secreted by immune cells and epithelial cells that exert antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. During Hp infections, AMP expression is able to eradicate the bacteria, thereby preventing Hp infections in gastrointestinal tract. It is likely that gastric β-defensins expression is increased during Hp infection. The aim of this review is to focus on increased knowledge of the role of β-defensins in response to Hp infection. We also briefly discuss the potential use of AMPs, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics, for the treatment of Hp infection.
Fast voltage control scheme with adaptive voltage control steps and temporary reference voltage overshoots for dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (2008)

We have developed a voltage control scheme to reduce control time using a delay monitor and step-by-step supply-voltage control. With this scheme, voltage control steps are adaptively controlled, and there are temporary overshoots in the reference voltage. Experimental results with a 65-nm CMOS device indicate that the adaptive voltage control steps successfully reduce the voltage control time by about 35 % over that with fixed step. Simulation results indicate that temporary reference voltage overshoots reduce control time by more than 50%. The combination of these schemes is also effective for control time reduction.
RNA-Binding Proteins in the Control of LPS-Induced Macrophage Response (2019)

Innate immune response is triggered by pathogen components, like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria. LPS initiates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, which involves mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in different pathway branches and ultimately induces inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression, macrophage migration and phagocytosis. Timely gene transcription and post-transcriptional control of gene expression confer the adequate synthesis of signaling molecules. As <i>trans</i>-acting factors RNA binding proteins (RBPs) contribute significantly to the surveillance of gene expression. RBPs are involved in the regulation of mRNA processing, localization, stability and translation. Thereby they enable rapid cellular responses to inflammatory mediators and facilitate a coordinated systemic immune response. Specific RBP binding to conserved sequence motifs in their target mRNAs is mediated by RNA binding domains, like Zink-finger domains, RNA recognition motifs (RRM), and hnRNP K homology domains (KH), often arranged in modular arrays. In this review, we focus on RBPs Tristetraprolin (TTP), human antigen R (HUR), T-cell intracellular antigen 1 related protein (TIAR), and heterogeneous ribonuclear protein K (hnRNP K) in LPS induced macrophages as primary responding immune cells. We discuss recent experiments employing RNA immunoprecipitation and microarray analysis (RIP-Chip) and newly developed individual-nucleotide resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP), photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking (PAR-iCLIP) and RNA sequencing techniques (RNA-Seq). The global mRNA interaction profile analysis of TTP, HUR, TIAR, and hnRNP K exhibited valuable information about the post-transcriptional control of inflammation related gene expression with a broad impact on intracellular signaling and temporal cytokine expression.
An ultraviolet diode laser system for laser cooling trapped ytterbium ions (2006)

We describe the design and performance of an ultraviolet diode laser system for laser cooling trapped ytterbium ions without frequency doubling. The performance is similar to resonantly doubled laser systems, but with greater efficiency, reduced size, expense and fragility. The system achieved laser cooling of ytterbium ions in a linear Paul trap to less than 270 mK. No shorter wavelength laser has previously been used for laser cooling
Anomalous Adsorption of Polyelectrolyte Layers (2001)

We study the adsorption of polyelectrolytes onto oppositely charged surfaces as the surface charge density is varied while keeping the polyelectrolyte charge density fixed. As observed previously from multilayer adsorption studies,1,2 nonmonotonic adsorption behavior is obtained in the intermediate surface charge density regime, with anomalously thick “supermonolayers” transitioning to molecularly thin layers over a small range of surface charge densities. A simple adsorption model is introduced to explain these findings, in which the surface is characterized by discrete and fully compensated adsorption sites.
Coupled-mode approach to surface plasmon polaritons in nonlinear periodic structures (2010)

We present a coupled-mode theory describing light propagation in an array of nonlinear plasmonic waveguides. Our model predicts a two-band dependence of the propagation constant versus transverse quasi-momentum and existence of discrete and gap plasmon solitons.
GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION AND ORTHORECTIFICATION OF BILSAT-1 IMAGERY (2007)

A physical model, which was developed for the orthorectification of the BILSAT–1 Multispectral (XS) imagery, is presented. To model the physical reality of the BILSAT–1 sensor, the well known collinearity condition equations are utilized. The developed model was tested using three study areas. The accuracies of the orthorectified BILSAT– 1 images were evaluated with and without using the self-calibration parameters in order to evaluate the significance and the necessity of integrating the self-calibration parameters during the orthorectification process. The Ground Control Points (GCPs) were collected using 1:25,000- scale topographic maps. It was found that, the physical model provides RMS error values less than one pixel for the GCPs and around one pixel for the independent check points (ICPs) when the self-calibration parameters are involved during the orthorectification process. The results also confirm that without using the self-calibration parameters, the RMS error values of less than one pixel is not guaranteed for the orthorectified BILSAT–1 imagery.
Debris Risk Evolution And Dispersal (DREAD) for post-fragmentation modeling (2019)

Abstract The Debris Risk Evolution And Dispersal (DREAD) tool facilitates the 3D modeling and risk analysis of the fragmentation cloud after a collision or explosion. This tool uses the NASA Standard Breakup Model and other breakup models “under the hood” that are capable of estimating the Probability Density Function (PDF) of induced relative velocity, mass and area of fragments as a function of object size. DREAD can be further enhanced by incorporation of alternate, more detailed hypervelocity simulations that enforce conservation laws (conservation of mass, angular and linear momentum and kinetic energy). We also discuss our recent incorporation of an improved technique to normalize risk by the expansion volume occupied by debris fragments. DREAD is then used to examine the likely debris fragmentation cloud created by the Fengyun 1C (FY1C) antisatellite (ASAT) intercept test conducted by the Chinese in 2007 and the risk it subsequently posed to other spacecraft and the cloud’s evolution and dispersal.
Satisfiability-unsatisfiability transition in the adversarial satisfiability problem (2014)

Adversarial satisfiability (AdSAT) is a generalization of the satisfiability (SAT) problem in which two players try to make a Boolean formula true (resp. false) by controlling their respective sets of variables. AdSAT belongs to a higher complexity class in the polynomial hierarchy than SAT, and therefore the nature of the critical region and the transition are not easily parallel to those of SAT and worthy of independent study. AdSAT also provides an upper bound for the transition threshold of the quantum satisfiability problem (QSAT). We present a complete algorithm for AdSAT, show that 2-AdSAT is in P, and then study two stochastic algorithms (simulated annealing and its improved variant) and compare their performances in detail for 3-AdSAT. Varying the density of clauses α we claim that there is a sharp SAT-UNSAT transition at a critical value whose upper bound is αc≲1.5, suggesting a much stricter upper bound for the QSAT transition than those previously found.