gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Damage Quantification in Metal Matrix Composites (2006)

An experimental procedure is presented to quantify damage in terms of microcrack density. This is accomplished by experimentally evaluating the components of a second-order damage tensor for a metal matrix composite material. The procedure involves the use of a scanning electron microscope and image analyzing software to quantify physical damage features found on a representative volume element. These features are quantified in terms of crack density, which is used in developing the second-order damage tensor. This procedure is applied to a titanium aluminide SiC-reinforced laminate. Laminates of the following staking sequences, (0/90)s and (±45)s, are tested under uniaxial tensile loadings. Damage evolution is obtained by loading the specimens over a range of load intensities from rupture load down to 70% rupture load. A proposed formulation for a coupled anisotropic damage model for the inelastic response of composite materials is presented in this work.
Schwingungsrisskorrosionsverhalten von Stählen in biogenen Kraftstoffen (2019)

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Supplementary Table S1 from Combined Pan-RAF and MEK Inhibition Overcomes Multiple Resistance Mechanisms to Selective RAF Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNAi gene enrichment (RIGER) analysis of the primary screen.&lt;/p&gt;
Obesity/Bariatric Surgery and Crohn’s Disease (2017)

We review the evidence for release of proinflammatory cells and cytokines contained in fat following the bariatric surgery, and also consider the roles that the surgical resection of stomach and shortening of the bowel may also bring about this syndrome. The earlier onset is more likely due to surgical loss of defenses of the stomach and the later onset to a metabolic alteration of the presurgical obesity, involving fat metabolism, and/or the microbiome. The role of characteristic creeping fat of CD is also addressed.
Promotion of Bone Regeneration by CCN2 Incorporated into Gelatin Hydrogel (2008)

CCN family protein 2/connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) is a unique molecule that promotes the entire endochondral ossification process and regeneration of damaged articular cartilage. Also, CCN2 has been shown to enhance the adhesion and migration of bone marrow stromal cells as well as the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts; hence, its utility in bone regeneration has been suggested. Here, we evaluated the effect of CCN2 on the regeneration of an intractable bone defect in a rat model. First, we prepared two recombinant CCN2s of different origins, and the one showing the stronger effect on osteoblasts in vitro was selected for further evaluation, based on the result of an in vitro bioassay. Next, to obtain a sustained effect, the recombinant CCN2 was incorporated into gelatin hydrogel that enabled the gradual release of the factor. Evaluation in vivo indicated that CCN2 continued to be released at least for up to 14 days after its incorporation. Application of the gelatin hydrogel-CCN2 complex, together with a collagen scaffold to the bone defect prepared in a rat femur resulted in remarkable induction of osteoblastic mineralization markers within 2 weeks. Finally, distinct enhancement of bone regeneration was observed 3 weeks after the application of the complex. These results confirm the utility of CCN2 in the regeneration of intractable bone defects in vivo when the factor is incorporated into gelatin hydrogel.
Gut Microbiota Protects against Gastrointestinal Tumorigenesis Caused by Epithelial Injury (2013)

Inflammation is a critical player in the development of both colitis-associated and sporadic colon cancers. Several studies suggest that the microbiota contribute to inflammation and tumorigenesis; however, studies to understand the role of the microbiota in colon tumor development in germ-free (GF) mice are limited. We therefore studied the effects of the microbiota on the development of inflammation and tumors in GF and conventionally raised specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We discovered that GF mice developed significantly more and larger tumors compared with that in SPF mice after AOM and DSS treatment despite the lack of early acute inflammation in response to chemically induced injury by DSS. Although the extent of intestinal epithelial damage and apoptosis was not significantly different in GF and SPF mice, there was a delay in intestinal epithelial repair to DSS-induced injury in GF mice resulting in a late onset of proinflammatory and protumorigenic responses and increased epithelial proliferation and microadenoma formation. Recolonization of GF mice with commensal bacteria or administration of lipopolysaccharide reduced tumorigenesis. Thus, although commensal bacteria are capable of driving chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis, the gut microbiota also have important roles in limiting chemically induced injury and proliferative responses that lead to tumor development.
Self‐assembled Dynamic 3D Fingerprints in Liquid‐Crystal Coatings Towards Controllable Friction and Adhesion (2014)

Abstract Chiral‐nematic polymer network coatings form a “fingerprint” texture through self‐assembly. For this purpose the molecular helix of the coating is oriented parallel to the substrate. The coating has a flat surface but when actuated by light in the presence of a copolymerized azobenzene compound, 3D fingerprint structures appear in the coating. The helix forms protrusions at the positions where the molecules are aligned parallel to the surface and withdraws at the positions where the orientation is perpendicular. This process proceeds rapidly and is reversible, that is, the fingerprint‐shaped protrusions disappear when the light is switched off. The texture in the on‐state resembles that of a human fingerprint and is used to manipulate the gripping friction of a robotic finger. The friction coefficient drops by a factor of four to five when the fingerprint switched on because of reduced surface contacts.
Glycoprotein CD98 as a receptor for colitis-targeted delivery of nanoparticles (2014)

Treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease have been constrained by limited therapeutic efficacy and serious adverse effects owing to a lack of receptor for targeted drug delivery to the inflamed colon. Upon inflammation, CD98 expression is highly elevated in colonic epithelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. To investigate whether CD98 can be used as a colitis-targeted delivery receptor, we constructed CD98 Fab'-bearing quantum dots (QDs)-loaded nanoparticles (Fab'-NPs). The resultant Fab'-NPs had desired particle size (~458 nm) with a narrow size distribution and zeta-potential (approximately +19 mV), low cytotoxicity, and excellent fluorescence properties. Electron microscopy images provided direct evidence for the well-dispersed distribution of QDs within spherical Fab'-NPs. Cellular uptake experiments demonstrated that Fab'-NPs were efficiently internalized into Colon-26 and RAW 264.7 cells through the CD98-mediated endocytosis pathway, and showed that the targeting effect of CD98 Fab' markedly increased their cellular uptake efficiency compared with control pegylated QDs-loaded NPs (PEG-NPs). Furthermore, <i>ex vivo</i> studies showed much more effective accumulation of Fab'-NPs in colitis tissue than that of PEG-NPs. These findings suggest that because of inflammation-dependent over-expression of CD98, active colitis-targeted delivery can be accomplished using NPs decorated with CD98 antibody.
Abstract 16273: Ecto-5’-Nucleotidase Suppression of T Cell Trafficking to the Ischemic Brain (2011)

Background. Ischemic strokes account for 87% of all strokes in the United States. We studied ecto-5’-nucleotidase (CD73), an ectoenzyme present on brain tissue and leukocytes, which we have shown t...
Back Cover: Molecular Rotors in Porous Organic Frameworks (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 4/2014) (2014)

Para-phenylene rings in porous aromatic frameworks rapidly flicker, resembling butterflies that flap their wings. In their Communication on page 1043 ff., P. Sozzani et al. demonstrate that these low-density, yet robust covalent architectures can sustain extremely rapid rotational motion of the phenylene rings.
Excursive Behaviors by Female White-tailed Deer during Estrus at Two Mid-Atlantic Sites (2010)

Current research suggests that female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) will adopt sedentary breeding strategies in populations with an abundance of males and a more active mate-searching strategy in low-density or unbalanced herds. We used GPS collars to document the movements of 10 female deer during the breeding season at two Mid-Atlantic study sites that support high-density herds with nearly equal sex ratios. We calculated 95% and 50% seasonal and weekly kernel home ranges and the daily percentage of points located outside of the seasonal home range (SHR). Peaks in weekly home range size and in the percentage of points located outside of the SHR occurred between 7 Nov. and 9 Dec. (x ¯ = 22 Nov.) for eight deer. Past data from one of the study sites have indicated that most breeding activity occurs from 5–25 Nov. Peaks in the percentage of points outside of the SHR corresponded to brief (x ¯ = 24.0 h, sd = 18.2 h; range 8–68 h) excursions. On peak days, 46–100% (x ¯ = 68.3%, sd = 17.1%) of data points were located outside of the SHR. No other excursions were observed during the 17 wk study period. Our results suggest that female deer may travel outside of their home range during the breeding season even when presented with an abundance of potential mates; these data suggest females are engaging in a discrete form of mate selection.
76 GHz post-wall waveguide fed parallel plate slot arrays for car-radar applications (2002)

Parallel plate slot array is an attractive candidate for high-efficiency and mass-producible planar phased array antennas for millimeter-wave applications since the transmission loss is generally small in comparison with other feed lines. We have proposed a novel single-layer feed structure of a post-wall waveguide to excite a plane TEM wave. 76 GHz post-wall waveguide fed parallel plate slot arrays have been designed to suppress the sidelobes and to realize the 45-degree linear polarization for car-radar applications. The sidelobes have been suppressed below -18dB both in the E and H planes. The cross polarization has been suppressed below -26 dB in the boresight in the 45-degree linearly polarized antenna.
Structural and spectroscopic studies of transition metal nitrite complexes. VI. Crystal structures and spectra of Hexakis(imidazole)nickel(II) dinitrate, <i>trans</i> -Tetrakis(2-methylimidazole)dinitritonickel(II) and <i>cis</i> -Tetrakis(2-methylimidazole)-(nitrito-O,O')nickel(II) nitrate-methanol (2/1) (1981)

The crystal structures and spectroscopic properties of the complexes cis -tetrakis(2-methy1imidazole)-(nitrito- O,O' )nickel(II) nitrate-methanol (2/1) and trans -tetrakis(2-methylimidazole)dinitritonickel(II) are reported. The nitrite group in the former compound chelates, giving a distorted octahedral ligand coordination geometry. The ligand stereochemistry in the second complex is also a distorted octahedron, with both anions coordinating as trans nitrito groups though with significantly different Ni-O bond lengths and the nickel(II) ion being raised out of the plane of the four imidazole ligand nitrogen atoms towards the closer nitrite group. The Ni-O bond directions also deviate substantially from the fourfold symmetry axis in this latter complex. These distortions apparently occur in order to minimize ligand-ligand repulsions, particularly those associated with the amine methyl substituents. The electronic spectra of both complexes show significant band splittings due to the departure of the ligand field from regular octahedral symmetry and these are discussed in terms of the relative field strengths of the imidazole and nitrito ligands. The structure of hexakis(imidazole)nickel(II) nitrate (redetermination) is also reported.
Pilot-based estimation of time-varying multipath channels (2002)

Reliable coherent communication over multipath wireless channels requires accurate estimation of time-varying channel parameters. For coherent estimation, a key channel characteristic is the coherence time that approximately corresponds to the interval over which the channel parameters remain strongly correlated. We address linear MMSE estimation of code division multiple access (CDMA) multipath channels based on a pilot transmission. We derive a simple characterization of the estimator in terms of a bank of filters. We show that the estimator performance is primarily governed by an effective SNR that is proportional to the coherence time. We also propose two suboptimal estimators that are easy to implement and demonstrate that they deliver near-optimal performance if properly designed.
QAMaster: A new software framework for phantom‐based computed tomography quality assurance (2022)

The regular evaluation of imaging performance of computed tomography (CT) scanners is essential for CT quality assurance. For automation of this process, the software QAMaster was developed at the Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, which provides based on CT scans of the CatPhan® 504 (The Phantom Laboratory, Salem, USA) automated image quality analysis and documentation by evaluating CT number accuracy, spatial linearity, uniformity, contrast-noise-ratio, spatial resolution, noise, and slice thickness. Dose assessment is supported by calculations of the weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDI<sub>w</sub> ) and weighted cone beam dose index (CBDI<sub>w</sub> ). QAMaster was tested with CatPhan® 504 scans and compared to manual evaluations of these scans, whereby high consistency of the respective results was observed. The CT numbers, spatial linearity, uniformity, contrast-noise-ratio, noise, and slice thickness deviated by only (0.13 ± 0.25) HU, (0.02 ± 0.05) mm, (-0.01 ± 0.03)%, 0.8 ± 1.8, (0.131 ± 0.05) HU, and (0.004 ± 0.005) mm between both evaluations, respectively. The QAMaster results for spatial resolution did not differ significantly (p = 0.34) from the CatPhan® 504 based manual resolution assessment. Dose computations were fully consistent between QAMaster and manual calculations. Thus, QAMaster proved to be a comprehensive and functional software for performing an automated CT quality assurance routine. QAMaster will be open-source after its release.
Suprabasal α6β4 integrin expression in epidermis results in enhanced tumourigenesis and disruption of TGFβ signalling (2003)

Inappropriate alpha6beta4 integrin expression correlates with a high risk of tumour progression in stratified squamous epithelia. Targeted expression of alpha6beta4 in the suprabasal layers of transgenic mouse epidermis dramatically increased the frequency of papillomas, carcinomas and metastases induced by chemical carcinogenesis, independent of the beta4 cytoplasmic domain. Suprabasal alpha6beta4 also perturbed transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signalling as demonstrated by decreased nuclear Smad2 in transgenic epidermis and tumours. In cultured keratinocytes, suprabasal alpha6beta4 relieved TGFbeta-mediated growth inhibition and blocked nuclear translocation of activated Smad2/3. Responsiveness to TGFbeta could be restored by inhibiting cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) activity, but not by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. These data suggest that suprabasal alpha6beta4 promotes tumourigenesis by preventing TGFbeta from suppressing clonal expansion of initiated cells in the epidermal basal layer.
Abstract A12: Identification of microRNA-based therapeutic candidates using a unique lentiviral microRNA overexpression library (2012)

Abstract microRNA (miRNA) genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II generate small noncoding miRNAs of 18 to 24 nucleotides after maturation process. The mature miRNAs and their associated isomirs specifically bind to different mRNA transcripts, resulting in down regulation of multiple genes within the cell in a highly multiplexed way. miRNA expression profiles differ between human cell types suggesting cell-specific impacts of each miRNA on the regulation of different biological processes. Comparison of miRNA profiles of tumor samples and adjacent normal tissues showed that some miRNAs are up- or down- regulated and suggested their implication during tumor progression. However, such a miRNA profiling approach is not sufficient to identify the respective role of each miRNA gene during the tumorigenesis. Here, to assess the individual role of each miRNA gene and its different isomirs in a specific cell environment, we have constructed a lentiviral miRNA expression library containing more than 1100 human known and novel miRNA precursors. The arrayed layout of our library allowed high-throughput screens with a large spectrum of functional read-outs using either normal or tumor cells. To exemplify this approach, the results of three different screens will be presented; i.e. identification of miRNAs that inhibit the BRAF pathway, miRNAs that inhibit tumor angiogenesis and miRNAs that stimulate the mesenchymal to epithelial transition. In addition, beyond this hit identification step, we will present detailed characterization of the role of the identified miRNAs in tumor progression by means of molecular and cellular functional assays. Combining our unique miRNA expression library with a functional screening platform has allowed the identification and the further characterization of several miRNAs able to significantly impact on tumor behavior supporting the therapeutic interest of some candidates. Citation Format: Paula I. van Noort, Negar Babae, Gerald W. Verhaegh, Willemijn M. Gommans, Francesco Cerisoli, Mark Verheul, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Arjan W. Griffioen, Jack A. Schalken, Eugene Berezikov, Edwin Cuppen, Roel Q. J. Schaapveld, Jos B. Poell, Gregoire P. Prevost, Meriem Bourajjaj, Suzanna Vidic, Judy R. van Beijnum, Rick J. van Haastert, Iman Schultz, Thijs de Gunt, Onno van Hooij. Identification of microRNA-based therapeutic candidates using a unique lentiviral microRNA overexpression library [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A12.
Heterogeneity of P2u- and P2y-purinergic receptor regulation of phospholipases in MDCK cells (1996)

We have characterized the signaling pathways of purinergic receptors present on the renal epithelial cell line, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK, D1 subclone). Several lines of evidence are consistent with the conclusion that coexisting P2u and P2y receptors release arachidonic acid and metabolites (AA) from MDCK-D1 cells: 1) relative potencies of nucleotide analogues, 2) blockade of P2y agonist- but not P2u agonist-mediated release by suramin, and 3) additivity by 2-methylthio-ATP and UTP. Differences exist between the signaling pathways of the two receptors: pertussis toxin treatment partially inhibits P2u- but not P2y-mediated AA release, and P2y (but not P2u) receptors appear to stimulate D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production. P2u-receptor occupancy results in both homologous and heterologous desensitization; P2y-receptor occupancy elicits only homologous desensitization. Both receptors stimulate phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis via phospholipase C activation. However, AA release appears to result from phospholipid deacylation by phospholipase A2 activation, rather than from alternate pathways that may include PLC activation. These results demonstrate for the first time that two subtypes of P2-purinergic receptors, P2u and P2y receptors, coexist on a single renal epithelium cell type and that these two receptor subtypes can promote AA release, probably via activation of PLA2.
A performance bound for the LMS estimator (2000)

The least-mean-square (LMS) estimator is a nonlinear estimator with information dependencies spanning the entire set of data fed into it. The traditional analysis techniques used to model this estimator obscure these dependencies; to simplify the analysis they restrict the estimator to the finite set of data sufficient to span the length of its filter. Thus the finite Wiener filter is often considered a bound on the performance of the LMS estimator. Several papers have reported the performance of the LMS filter exceeding that of the finite Wiener filter. We derive a bound on the LMS estimator which does not exclude the contributions from data outside its filter length. We give examples of this bound in cases where the LMS estimator outperforms the finite Wiener filter.
Supplemental Figure 3 from Cyclin D1 Restrains Oncogene-Induced Autophagy by Regulating the AMPK–LKB1 Signaling Axis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mitochondrial fluorescence after photobleaching.&lt;/p&gt;
Repurposing of Bromocriptine for Cancer Therapy (2018)

Bromocriptine is an ergot alkaloid and dopamine D<sub>2</sub> receptor agonist used to treat Parkinson's disease, acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, and galactorrhea, and more recently diabetes mellitus. The drug is also active against pituitary hormone-dependent tumors (prolactinomas and growth-hormone producing adenomas). We investigated, whether bromocriptine also inhibits hormone-independent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumors. We found that bromocriptine was cytotoxic towards drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM, multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemic cells as well as wild-type or multidrug-resistant ABCB5-transfected HEK293 cell lines, but not sensitive or BCRP-transfected multidrug-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Bromocriptine strongly bound to NF-κB pathway proteins as shown by molecular docking and interacted more strongly with DNA-bound NF-κB than free NF-κB, indicating that bromocriptine may inhibit NF-κB binding to DNA. Furthermore, bromocriptine decreased NF-κB activity by a SEAP-driven NF-κB reporter cell assay. The expression of MDR-conferring ABC-transporters (ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCC1, and ABCG2) and other resistance-mediating factors (EGFR, mutated TP53, and IκB) did not correlate with cellular response to bromocriptine in a panel of 60 NCI cell lines. There was no correlation between cellular response to bromocriptine and anticancer drugs usually involved in MDR (e.g., anthracyclines, <i>Vinca</i> alkaloids, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxins, and others). COMPARE analysis of microarray-based mRNA expression in these cell lines revealed that genes from various functional groups such as ribosomal proteins, transcription, translation, DNA repair, DNA damage, protein folding, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and chemokines correlated with cellular response to bromocriptine. Our results indicate that bromocriptine inhibited drug-resistant tumor cells with different resistance mechanisms in a hormone-independent manner. As refractory and otherwise drug-resistant tumors represent a major challenge to successful cancer chemotherapy, bromocriptine may be considered for repurposing in cancer therapy.