gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and validation of a platform robot for determination of ankle impedance during ambulation (2011)

In order to provide natural, biomimetic control to recently developed powered ankle prostheses, we must characterize the impedance of the ankle during ambulation tasks. To this end, a platform robot was developed that can apply an angular perturbation to the ankle during ambulation and simultaneously acquire ground reaction force data. In this study, we detail the design of the platform robot and characterize the impedance of the ankle during quiet standing. Subjects were perturbed by a 3° dorsiflexive ramp perturbation with a length of 150 ms. The impedance was defined parametrically, using a second order model to map joint angle to the torque response. The torque was determined using the inverted pendulum assumption, and impedance was identified by the least squares best estimate, yielding an average damping coefficient of 0.03 ± 0.01 Nms/° and an average stiffness coefficient of 3.1 ± 1.2 Nm/°. The estimates obtained by the proposed platform robot compare favorably to those published in the literature. Future work will investigate the impedance of the ankle during ambulation for powered prosthesis controller development.
Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Enhances Mitogenic Actions of Insulin in Endothelial Cells (2002)

The concept of "selective insulin resistance" has emerged as a unifying hypothesis in attempts to reconcile the influence of insulin resistance with that of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of macrovascular complications of diabetes. To explore this hypothesis in endothelial cells, we designed a set of experiments to mimic the "typical metabolic insulin resistance" by blocking the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and exposing the cells to increasing concentrations of insulin ("compensatory hyperinsulinemia"). Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with wortmannin blocked the ability of insulin to stimulate increased expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, did not affect insulin-induced activation of MAP kinase, and increased the effects of insulin on prenylation of Ras and Rho proteins. At the same time, this experimental paradigm resulted in increased expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecules-1 and E-selectin, as well as increased rolling interactions of monocytes with endothelial cells. We conclude that inhibition of the metabolic branch of insulin signaling leads to an enhanced mitogenic action of insulin in endothelial cells.
Metabolic Fitness of T Cells in Autoimmune Disease (2020)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are relatively common autoimmune diseases, often considered prototypic examples for how protective immunity switches to destructive immunity. The autoantigens recognized in RA and SLE are distinct, clinical manifestations are partially overlapping. A shared feature is the propensity of the adaptive immune system to respond inappropriately, with T cell hyper-responsiveness a pinnacle pathogenic defect. Upon antigen recognition, T cells mobilize a multi-pranged metabolic program, enabling them to massively expand and turn into highly mobile effector cells. Current evidence supports that T cells from patients with RA or SLE adopt metabolic programs different from healthy T cells, in line with the concept that autoimmune effector functions rely on specified pathways of energy sensing, energy generation and energy utilization. Due to misrouting of the energy sensor AMPK, RA T cells have a defect in balancing catabolic and anabolic processes and deviate towards a cell-building program. They supply biosynthetic precursors by shunting glucose away from glycolytic breakdown towards the pentose phosphate pathway and upregulate lipogenesis, enabling cellular motility and tissue invasiveness. Conversely, T cells from SLE patients are committed to high glycolytic flux, overusing the mitochondrial machinery and imposing oxidative stress. Typically, disease-relevant effector functions in SLE are associated with inappropriate activation of the key metabolic regulator mTORC1. Taken together, disease-specific metabolic signatures in RA and SLE represent vulnerabilities that are therapeutically targetable to suppress pathogenic immune responses.
ChemInform Abstract: EPIMERIC CIS‐DECAHYDROQUINOLINE‐5‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS: EFFECTS ON Γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID UPTAKE AND RECEPTOR BINDING IN VITRO (1981)

Abstract Die Synthesen der epimeren cis‐Decahydrochinolincarbonsäuren (XV) und (XVI) werden beschrieben.
An approximate global illumination system for computer generated films (2004)

Lighting models used in the production of computer generated feature animation have to be flexible, easy to control, and efficient to compute. Global illumination techniques do not lend themselves easily to flexibility, ease of use, or speed, and have remained out of reach thus far for the vast majority of images generated in this context. This paper describes the implementation and integration of indirect illumination within a feature animation production renderer. For efficiency reasons, we choose to partially solve the rendering equation. We explain how this compromise allows us to speed-up final gathering calculations and reduce noise. We describe an efficient ray tracing strategy and its integration with a micro-polygon based scan line renderer supporting displacement mapping and programmable shaders. We combine a modified irradiance gradient caching technique with an approximate lighting model that enhances caching coherence and provides good scalability to render complex scenes into high-resolution images suitable for film. We describe the tools that are made available to the artists to control indirect lighting in final renders. We show that our approach provides an efficient solution, easy to art direct, that allows animators to enhance considerably the quality of images generated for a large category of production work.
High-power photonic transmitter-mixer with ultra-wide O-E (50 GHz) and IF (26 GHz) modulation bandwidths for wireless data transmission (2011)

We demonstrate a novel photonic transmitter-mixer (PTM) module with state-of-the-art wide optical-to-electrical (OE) (66-116 GHz), intermediate-frequency (IF) modulation bandwidths (26 GHz), and a low coupling loss (-2 dB). The full module is composed of an active near-ballistic unitraveling-carrier photodiode (NBUTC-PD) and the passive millimeter-wave components, which are fabricated on the aluminum nitride substrate with conductor on its backside for excellent thermal sinking. Compared with the control without backside conductor, our new design exhibits a significant wider IF modulation bandwidth (26 vs. 14 GHz), higher saturation current (18 vs. 14 mA), with the same O-E bandwidth (66-116, 50 GHz) and low coupling loss (-2 dB). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest IF modulation bandwidth (26 GHz) with widest fractional O-E bandwidth (55%) among all the reported photonic transmitters.
Enantiomeric Separation of a Series of β‐Lactams Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (2007)

Abstract Twelve racemic substituted β‐lactam compounds were examined via capillary zone electrophoresis using three chiral selectors: sulfated α‐cyclodextrin (SAC), sulfated β‐cyclodextrin (SBC), and carboxymethyl β‐cyclodextrin (CMBC). Ten of the twelve β‐lactams are separated and each of the ten compounds is baseline separated by at least one of the chiral run buffer additives under optimized conditions. SAC was found to be the most effective chiral selector, baseline separating seven of the analytes and partially separating another two. The concentration of the chiral selector had a prominent effect on the resolution, generally higher concentrations gave longer migration times and better resolutions. Addition of organic modifier also increased analyses time but gave lower resolution. Decreasing the pH of the run buffer generally decreased analyses times as well as resolution. Decreasing the applied voltage generally improved resolution.
Single Injection Thallium-201 Stress and Redistribution Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Comparison with Stress Electrocardiography and Coronary Arteriography (1979)

The efficacy of single injection thallium-201 exercise stress and rest redistribution imaging in the evaluation of myocardiacl ischemia was compared with stress electrocardiography and coronary arteriography. Thallium-201 imaging was interpreted at two levels of sensitivity in order to define the circumstances under which it best serves as a screening modality for coronary arteriography. With the prevalence of coronary disease usually found in patients referred for coronary arteriography (75%), unprocessed thallium-201 imaging is as good as stress electrocardiography in identifying patients apt to show coronary artery abnormalities, but not much better than stress electrocardiography in delineating those patients unlikely to show coronary artery disease. In contrast, processed lesion enhanced images showing normal results virtually eliminate the possibility of significant arteriographic findings. With this screening technique, many patients may be spared unnecessary coronary arteriography.
Pipeline embolization of posterior circulation aneurysms: a multicenter study of 131 aneurysms (2018)

In the largest series to date, fusiform aneurysms were found to have the lowest occlusion rate and the highest frequency of major complications. Dissecting aneurysms, frequently treated in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage, occluded most often and had a low complication rate. Saccular aneurysms were associated with predominantly minor complications, particularly in clopidogrel nonresponders.
Infinite Families of Recursive Formulas Generating Power Moments of Ternary Kloosterman Sums with Trace Nonzero Square Arguments: $O(2n+1,2^{r})$ Case (2009)

In this paper, we construct four infinite families of ternary linear codes associated with double cosets in $O(2n+1,q)$ with respect to certain maximal parabolic subgroup of the special orthogonal group $SO(2n+1,q)$. Here $q$ is a power of three. Then we obtain two infinite families of recursive formulas, the one generating the power moments of Kloosterman sums with $``$trace nonzero square arguments" and the other generating the even power moments of those. Both of these families are expressed in terms of the frequencies of weights in the codes associated with those double cosets in $O(2n+1,q)$ and in the codes associated with similar double cosets in the symplectic group $Sp(2n,q)$. This is done via Pless power moment identity and by utilizing the explicit expressions of exponential sums over those double cosets related to the evaluations of $"$Gauss sums" for the orthogonal group $O(2n+1,q)$.
Post‐mortem Changes After Lead Extraction From the Ovine Coronary Sinus and Great Cardiac Vein (1998)

We investigated in sheep, non-thoracotomy extraction of leads which had been chronically implanted in the right atrium (RA), coronary sinus/great cardiac vein (CS/GCV) and right ventricle (RV) for atrial implantable defibrillation. Clinical success of extraction as well as gross and histologic findings in the heart are reported. Six of nine sheep had successful extractions. The major complication was laceration of the wall of the great coronary vein with hemorrhage into the pericardial space and cardiac tamponade. Tissue damage included several reversible changes: intra-tissue hemorrhage, thrombosis in the veins, and some necrosis of fat, vascular wall and myocardium. Myocyte necrosis was estimated as 0.03 to 0.3 grams of tissue. Osseous and cartilaginous metaplasia was more common around the RA lead than the CS/GCV lead. In cases where the lead must be removed, removal from the venous insertion site using lead extraction equipment should only be attempted with surgical back-up for emergency thoracotomy to control hemorrhage in the event of vessel laceration. Safer explantation of these leads from the vein entry site will require the development of new extraction procedures.
Cholesterol-Induced Nanoscale Variations in the Thickness of Phospholipid Membranes (2023)

Graphene-induced energy transfer (GIET) is a recently developed fluorescence-spectroscopic technique that achieves subnanometric optical localization of fluorophores along the optical axis of a microscope. GIET is based on the near-field energy transfer from an optically excited fluorescent molecule to a single sheet of graphene. It has been successfully used for estimating interleaflet distances of single lipid bilayers and for investigating the membrane organization of living mitochondria. In this study, we use GIET to measure the cholesterol-induced subtle changes of membrane thickness at the nanoscale. We quantify membrane thickness variations in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) as a function of lipid composition and increasing cholesterol content. Our findings demonstrate that GIET is an extremely sensitive tool for investigating nanometric structural changes in biomembranes.
Dual Optimal Filters for M-AR Parameter Estimation from Noisy Observations (2011)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structures and Properties of the New Lithium Cobalt(II) Phosphate Li<sub>4</sub>Co(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. (2012)

Abstract The new title compound α‐Li 4 Co(PO 4 ) 2 is synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of Li 4 P 2 O 7 and CoO (silica tube, 850 °C, 72 h).
Surface chemistry of diethylsilane and diethylgermane on Ge(100) (1995)

The adsorption and desorption kinetics of diethylsilane (DES) and diethylgermane (DEG) on a Ge(100) (2×1) surface have been studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy. DES and DEG adsorb at room temperature in a self-limiting fashion. Data indicate that both precursors dissociatively chemisorb, producing a hydrogen- and ethyl-terminated surface. TPD of DES-saturated and DEG-saturated surfaces revealed only two desorbing species, ethylene and hydrogen. The ethylene signal results from the decomposition of the ethyl groups via β-hydride elimination, with a desorption peak temperature of ∼616 K for both precursors. The hydrogen TPD spectra were also similar for both precursors and consisted of two peaks: a low-temperature peak corresponding to hydrogen desorption from the monohydride state and a high-temperature peak corresponding to desorption of hydrogen produced by β-hydride elimination of the ethyl groups. Using the total hydrogen TPD peak area, DES saturation exposure (30 langmuir) led to 0.42 ML Si atom coverage and DEG saturation exposure (30 langmuir) led to 0.35 ML Ge atom coverage, assuming complete β-hydride elimination of the ethyl groups. 0.44 ML of Si was measured by AES following saturation DES exposure. No carbon contamination of the Ge surface was detected by AES for up to four exposure and TPD cycles of either DES or DEG.
Cytoskeletal Role in the Contractile Dysfunction of Hypertrophied Myocardium (1993)

Cardiac hypertrophy in response to systolic pressure loading frequently results in contractile dysfunction of unknown cause. In the present study, pressure loading increased the microtubule component of the cardiac muscle cell cytoskeleton, which was responsible for the cellular contractile dysfunction observed. The linked microtubule and contractile abnormalities were persistent and thus may have significance for the deterioration of initially compensatory cardiac hypertrophy into congestive heart failure.
Role of Bacteroides bivius beta-lactamase in beta-lactam susceptibility (1984)

The susceptibility of 46 clinical isolates of Bacteroides bivius to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, cephaloridine, cephalothin, moxalactam, penicillin G, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid in a ratio of 2:1, carbenicillin, cefamandole, and ceftazidime was determined by an agar dilution technique. For the first eight agents susceptibility testing was also done with the addition of clavulanic acid (0.75 microgram/ml). For all agents, beta-lactamase-positive strains (35, using a nitrocefin slide test) were inhibited at higher concentrations than beta-lactamase-negative strains. Clavulanic acid reduced the susceptibility of the beta-lactamase-positive strains to the level of the beta-lactamase-negative strains to all agents. We prepared crude extracts of beta-lactamase from six strains. Activity against nitrocefin was directly related to their susceptibilities. The beta-lactamase had a mixed-substrate profile, hydrolyzing both penicillins and cephalosporins. Our results suggest a slow inactivation of cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, and moxalactam by the beta-lactamase. Clavulanic acid and cefoxitin inhibited the enzyme, whereas p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and cloxacillin did not. Thus, there was a clear relationship between beta-lactamase activity and susceptibility to beta-lactams, including cefoxitin and third-generation cephalosporins. The substrate and inhibition profiles of the B. bivius beta-lactamase were different from those of enzymes found in the "B. fragilis group."
Development of a Medical Device for the Rapid Assessment of Concussion (S11.007) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To develop an EEG-based medical device that can be used to assess conscious awareness in a short time frame (e.g., five minutes), particularly in traumatic brain injury patients. BACKGROUND: Incidents of traumatic brain injury are pervasive in the community, yet many such incidents are not properly diagnosed or assessed, particularly in the context of athletics. Assessment by a trained physician in these cases is hampered by a lack of public knowledge of concussion, especially where neurological symptoms may be mild or hidden. Thus, a triage tool for in-community assessment of these mild cases is a subject of active research. DESIGN/METHODS: Based upon principles of auditory evoked potential electroencephalography, a prototype medical device was developed: the Halifax Consciousness Scanner (HCS). HCS consists of a headset containing earphones and EEG electrodes placed at specified positions upon the scalp, coupled to a portable EEG amplifier, an audio tone/speech generator, and wirelessly connected to a portable computer/tablet for analysis. Upon activation, HCS presents tones and phrases to the subject that assess cortical function in five indicia related to consciousness (sensory, attention, perception, memory, and language). The aim of HCS research has been to norm this information and to compare to cases of known traumatic brain injury (mild through severe) and other traumas that exhibit abnormal auditory evoked potential EEG. RESULTS: Collection across 100 subjects showed consistent responses across all 5 indicators used in HCS. Recording of 20 major brain injury patients, approximately age-matched to controls, showed a significant difference in cortical response as measured by comparison of HCS waveforms between groups. Studies are ongoing to determine the HCS response in mild traumatic brain injury as measured in athletes suffering a first-time reported concussion. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data suggest that the set of auditory evoked potentials implemented in HCS represent a promising means of identifying whether or not a subject has suffered a change of conscious awareness indicative of concussion.
The AAAI-99 KM/CBR Workshop: Summary of Contributions. (1999)

The contributions at the AAAI-99 Workshop on Exploring Synergies of Knowledge Management and Case-Based Reasoning (www.aic.nrl.navy.mil/~aha/aaai99-kmcbrw) were varied; it was the first AAAI workshop that focused at the intersection of these two disciplines. In this paper I attempt to identify trends of interest to the case-based reasoning community, as exhibited by this workshop&amp;apos;s contributions, and predict some future trends. 1. Context The AAAI-99 KM/CBR Workshop took place on 19 July 1999 in Orlando, Florida (USA) as part of the AAAI-99 Conference. Our goal for this workshop was to improve our understanding of knowledge management (KM) objectives and in how case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques could be used to assist in solving them. Given this, we designed the workshop to include several invited KM talks that were tutorial in nature, with the expectation that most of the submissions would be devoted to demonstrations of incorporating CBR techniques in KM applications. The proce...
The 28‐amino acid form of an APLP1‐derived Aβ‐like peptide is a surrogate marker for Aβ42 production in the central nervous system (2009)

Surrogate markers for the Alzheimer disease (AD)-associated 42-amino acid form of amyloid-beta (Abeta42) have been sought because they may aid in the diagnosis of AD and for clarification of disease pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains three APLP1-derived Abeta-like peptides (APL1beta) that are generated by beta- and gamma-cleavages at a concentration of approximately 4.5 nM. These novel peptides, APL1beta25, APL1beta27 and APL1beta28, were not deposited in AD brains. Interestingly, most gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) and familial AD-associated presenilin1 mutants that up-regulate the relative production of Abeta42 cause a parallel increase in the production of APL1beta28 in cultured cells. Moreover, in CSF from patients with pathological mutations in presenilin1 gene, the relative APL1beta28 levels are higher than in non-AD controls, while the relative Abeta42 levels are unchanged or lower. Most strikingly, the relative APL1beta28 levels are higher in CSF from sporadic AD patients (regardless of whether they are at mild cognitive impairment or AD stage), than those of non-AD controls. Based on these results, we propose the relative level of APL1beta28 in the CSF as a candidate surrogate marker for the relative level of Abeta42 production in the brain.
Characterization of Small Molecule Gβγ Inhibitors in the Context of Inflammation (2015)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with widespread inflammation. A significant contributor to SLE is the excessive recruitment and activation of immune cells to inflamed sites via chemokines. Chemokine receptors are G‐protein coupled receptors, which liberates free Gβγ from the heterotrimeric G‐protein. Gβγ is vital in migration of immune cells. We propose that Gβγ inhibitors could be potential therapeutic candidates for SLE treatment. The NZB/W mice develop lupus similar to human SLE such as elevated autoantibodies and immune complex‐induced nephritis. To characterize the effects of Gβγ inhibition on SLE, three groups NZB/W mice were injected with vehicle, low dose (20 mg/kg), or high dose (35 mg/kg) of the Gβγ inhibitor gallein for 19 weeks. Our results show that mice treated with gallein had lower proteinuria compared to control. Furthermore, Gβγ inhibition markedly reduced infiltration in the kidneys of gallein treated mice. Specifically, the number of T‐cell, B‐cell, and, antibody secreting plasma cells were reduced by Gβγ inhibition. Ellagic acid and F067, like gallein, are small molecule inhibitors of Gβγ that attenuate neutrophil and T‐cell migration. Upon agonist stimulation, neutrophils isolated from gallein treated mice migrate less efficiently compared to control. Furthermore, this effect persists over time after the initial treatment with gallein. Similarly, an in vitro treatment model showed inhibited neutrophil migration upon agonist stimulation, after initial treatment with gallein and F067. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhibition of Gβγ attenuates immune cell migration and have a beneficial effect against lupus nephritis.
Regulation of In Situ to Invasive Breast Carcinoma Transition (2008)

Author(s): Hu, Min; Carroll, Danielle K.; Weremowicz, Stanislawa; Chen, Haiyan; Carrasco, Daniel; Richardson, Andrea; Bissell, Mina; Violette, Shelia; Gelman, Rebecca S.; Schnitt, Stuart; Polyak, Kornelia