gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical implementation of artificial intelligence in neuroradiology with development of a novel workflow-efficient picture archiving and communication system-based automated brain tumor segmentation and radiomic feature extraction (2022)

Integration of image processing algorithms for tumor auto-segmentation and feature extraction into PACS allows curation of large datasets of annotated medical images and can accelerate translation of research into development of personalized medicine applications in the clinic. The ability to use familiar clinical tools to revise the AI segmentations and natively embedding the segmentation and radiomic feature extraction tools on the diagnostic workstation accelerates the process to generate ground-truth data.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Sorafenib Inhibits the Hepatocyte Growth Factor–Mediated Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Sorafenib Inhibits the Hepatocyte Growth Factor–Mediated Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Supplemental Methods and References from Guidance Molecule SEMA3A Restricts Tumor Growth by Differentially Regulating the Proliferation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Description of additional methods and procedures used in the study. Also includes Supplemental References.&lt;/p&gt;
Structure of Glasses Containing Transition Metal Ions (1978)

on ternary glasses is under way. A series of appendices present completed work on the structural investigations of alkali borosilicate glasses, on the structural setting of transition metal ions in glasses, and on the diffusion of hydrogen in alkali silicate glasses.
Initiating a program in nanotechnology through a structured curriculum (2004)

The field of nanotechnology is currently undergoing an exciting period of discoveries. Focusing on the intersection of areas such as physics, biology, engineering, chemistry, computer science and more, nonotechnology, is rapidly expanding. Many researchers in academia and industries have expressed need for an academic program where students from diverse fields of sciences and engineering (molecular computing, quantum physics, chemistry, mechanical, electrical, computer etc.) can come together to learn and discuss the latest advances, with the overall objective of encouraging further development. This will need preparing engineering students with an ability to apply knowledge of science, mathematics, and engineering to develop nanodevices and nanosystems. The challenge is to provide an interdisciplinary education to students through a well-structured curriculum covering broad aspects of basic sciences and engineering.
Éditorial (2018)

Cette contribution pour rappeler le lien fondamental entre le professionnel et le citoyen réunis en un même acteur dans le contexte d’une conjonction historique entre des avancées technologiques sans précédent et l’option politique d’une société de contrôle. Ce qui n’est pas sans influence sur les processus mentaux et à terme sur la santé mentale.
Seismic diffraction: where’s the value? (2012)

Small scale subsurface objects such as faults, karsts, fractures etc. are capable of generating strong scattered waves, which are usually recognized as a main information carrying signals. However, detection and interpretation of those signals are heavily compromised by strong interfering between diffractions and reflections. Separation between diffracted/scaterred events and specular reflections becomes a bottle neck for using the diffracted energy to identify and characterize small scale subsurface features. Different methods for reflection-diffraction separation can be proposed based on differences in kinematic and dynamic properties in different domains. All the conclusions are supported by the results of modeling and field data.
Current understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis and targets for host‐modulation therapy (2020)

Recent advances indicate that periodontitis is driven by reciprocally reinforced interactions between a dysbiotic microbiome and dysregulated inflammation. Inflammation is not only a consequence of dysbiosis but, via mediating tissue dysfunction and damage, fuels further growth of selectively dysbiotic communities of bacteria (inflammophiles), thereby generating a self-sustained feed-forward loop that perpetuates the disease. These considerations provide a strong rationale for developing adjunctive host-modulation therapies for the treatment of periodontitis. Such host-modulation approaches aim to inhibit harmful inflammation and promote its resolution or to interfere directly with downstream effectors of connective tissue and bone destruction. This paper reviews diverse strategies targeted to modulate the host periodontal response and discusses their mechanisms of action, perceived safety, and potential for clinical application.
Complete Annotated Genome Sequence of Limosilactobacillus fermentum AGR1487 (2021)

<i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> is a probiotic species; however, <i>L. fermentum</i> AGR1487 increases colon inflammation in germfree mice and decreases barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells. The AGR1487 genome was sequenced to explore these phenotypes. The genome is a single, circular, 1,939,032-bp chromosome with a G+C content of 52.17% and no plasmids.
SEBS: A Secure Element and Blockchain Stratagem for Securing IoT (2019)

In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), the issue of holistic data security is complex as data has to be secured at 3 critical points i.e., 1. Point of generation (IoT sensors), 2. Point of storage, 3. Point of usage (IoT actuators). Point 2 can be adequately addressed by Blockchain that offers remarkable immutability by storing data securely and transparently in a distributed setting, making it tamper-proof while in storage. However, blockchain alone cannot root out all the data security impediments in an IoT network as Points 1 and 3 still needs to be resolved. In this paper, we propose a novel Secure Element and Blockchain based stratagem called SEBS to effectively secure all 3 Points at once, thereby realizing light, holistic, efficient IoT data security in true sense. Further, we elaborate on SEBS implementation in a generic IoT network scenario and show how it improves the performance of critical security operations by as much as 31 times. Next, we address a niche problem by proposing a novel SEOVA or SE based offline verification algorithm to verify if the data received through intermediary really belongs to the blockchain.
A phase II trial of lapatinib in hormone refractory prostate cancer (2008)

16037 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinases represent potential targets in prostate cancer. HER2 promotes progression of prostate cancer to the hormone refractory stage and ligand-independent activation of androgen receptor in preclinical models. Inactivation of HER2 leads to inhibition of androgen receptor transcriptional activity and decreased synthesis of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Lapatinib (GW57206) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR and HER2. Methods: In this multicenter, open-label trial, patients with rising PSA on androgen deprivation therapy who completed antiandrogen withdrawal, if previously on antiandrogen, and have not received chemotherapy were eligible. They were treated with lapatinib at an oral dose of 1500 mg daily. The primary endpoints were to determine PSA response rates and time to PSA progression. Results: Twenty-nine patients enrolled on the study had a median age of 72.5 years (range 58–91 y) and a baseline PSA of 21.6 (4.5–196.5). Six patients had no radiologic evidence of metastatic disease while the remaining patients had bone or measurable disease or both. The most frequent adverse events were diarrhea (76%), fatigue (72%), rash (41 %) and anemia (38%). Dyspepsia, anorexia, and nausea were less frequently noted. Grade 3 treatment-related toxicities were diarrhea (17%) and rash (3%) that led to discontinuation in one patient for rash and dose interruption/reduction for diarrhea. One of 21 evaluable patients had >50% reduction in PSA (197 to 49), while another patient had 47% reduction in PSA (12.9 to 6.9), with a duration of response of >15 months. The median time to PSA progression was 29 days. Two patients had nonprogressive disease lasting >15 and >5 months. Conclusions: Lapatinib was well tolerated. Lapatinib showed single agent activity in a small subset of unselected patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer, as measured by PSA. Future trials should incorporate predictive biomarkers and a combination with other agents. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GlaxoSmithKline
Dispersion due to combined pressure-driven and electro-osmotic flows in a channel surrounded by a permeable porous medium (2019)

The combined electro-osmotic and pressure-driven flows (PDFs) have pronounced impacts on the solute transport in permeable porous media, particularly mixing and separation processes. However, the relationship between the physical properties of the permeable porous media and the combined electro-osmotic and PDFs still needs further investigation. This study focuses on the transport of a neutral nonreacting solute in a channel with permeable porous walls under the combined effects of electro-osmotic and PDFs. With the aid of perturbation theory and asymptotic analysis, the equivalent one-dimensional equations governing the solute concentrations in the channel and permeable porous medium under the combined velocity are derived. Based on this, an exact analytical expression relating the dispersion coefficient with the physical properties of the permeable porous medium and the combined flow is obtained. The model parameters exerting the most influence on the results are identified through sensitivity analysis. The proposed model is compared and validated with several previously developed models in the literature. The findings of this study can pave the way for the quantitatively design of solute transport through microporous coatings and porous microfluidic membranes.
Diabetes Undermines Estrogen Control of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Function in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Through Overexpression of Estrogen Receptor-β (2003)

Estrogenic control of iNOS was impaired in diabetic SMC. This was associated with a larger increase of ERbeta than of ERalpha protein, whereas 17beta-estradiol regulated the two isoforms in an opposite fashion. Thus, modifications in the estrogen modulation of iNOS and in the expression pattern of ER may be involved in diabetic vascular dysfunction.
Differential Expression of ABC Transporter Genes in Brain Vessels vs. Peripheral Tissues and Vessels from Human, Mouse and Rat (2023)

This study furthers the understanding of species similarities and differences in the expression patterns of <i>ABC</i> transporter genes; this is important for translational studies in drug development. In particular, CNS drug delivery and toxicity may vary among species depending on their unique profiles of <i>ABC</i> transporter expression in brain microvessels and BBB.
Changes in colonic motility induced by sennosides in dogs: evidence of a prostaglandin mediation. (1988)

The effects of sennosides on colonic motility were investigated in eight conscious dogs chronically fitted with two strain gauge transducers in the proximal colon, an intracolonic silicone catheter and a polyethylene catheter implanted in a branch of the right colonic artery. Oral sennosides (30 mg/kg) inhibited colonic motility for 12 to 18 h after a three to six hours delay, and associated with giant contractions and diarrhoea. The minimal oral dose of sennosides to produce such changes varied from 5 to 15 mg/kg. Intracolonic sennosides at the minimal effective dose and at 30 mg/kg reproduced the effects of oral sennosides, but with a shorter latency (0.5-1.5 h). Intracolonic PGE2 (100 micrograms/kg) in viscous gel medium or intra-arterial PGE2 (10 micrograms/h) inhibited colonic motility and induced giant contractions often associated with defecation. The colonic motor changes induced by intracolonic sennosides at the minimal effective dose, but not those induced by intracolonic PGE2, were blocked by intra-arterial indomethacin (10 micrograms/h) or piroxicam (5 micrograms/h). These results suggest that colonic motor actions of sennosides are mediated through a local prostaglandins synthesis, as they were blocked by cyclooxygenase inhibitor and reproduced by PGE2.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Vinylogous Carbamates from Alkyl Azides. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Noninvasive in vivo measurement of retinal physiology with high-speed ultrahigh resolution OCT (2006)

Non-invasive <i>in vivo</i> functional optical imaging is emonstrated using high-speed, ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT). A high-speed, UHR-OCT system using spectral/Fourier domain detection was developed for functional imaging experiments in the rodent retina. Using a spectrally multiplexed superluminescent diode light source, imaging was performed with 2.8 &#956;m resolution at a rate of 24,000 axial scans per second. OCT measurement protocols were designed to minimize noise sources that cause undesired fluctuations in the measured OCT signal. A white light stimulus was applied to the retina and the average reflectivity from each intraretinal layer was monitored over time using OCT. A white light stimulus induces a response consisting of an increase in the reflectance of the photoreceptor outer segments. To our knowledge, this is the first <i>in vivo</i> demonstration of functional imaging using OCT in the retina. Further systematic investigation will be required to fully characterize the observed optical changes. Eventually, this may prove to be an objective method for measuring photoreceptor function in the human retina.
12.4: Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays Containing Black and White Particles with Opposite Polarities (2001)

Abstract A new type of electrophoretic display containing black and white particles with opposite surface charges is presented to demonstrate the capability of producing high contrast black and white images based upon an active matrix driving scheme. Display features such as contrast ratio, response time, driving voltage and gray scale are discussed.
Conformational Analysis of Marine Polyhalogenated β‐Chamigrenes Through Temperature‐Dependent NMR Spectra (1991)

Abstract Temperature‐dependent 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR spectra reveal that polyhalogenated marine β‐chamigrenes or synthetic derivatives thereof which are trans ‐diequatorially, substituted at C(8) and C(9), such as rogiolol ((−)‐ 2 ), obtusol ((+)‐ 3 ), and their acetates (+)‐ 1 and (−)‐ 4 , undergo slow ring‐ A chair‐chair inversion. Conformational equilibria and kinetics are investigated with the aid of synthetic model compounds and molecular‐mechanics calculations. Thus, steric repulsions between Br ax –C(2) and H eq –C(7) are seen to disfavour thermodynamically conformers 1b , 2b , 3b , and 4b , which can only be detected through cross‐saturation transfer, while additional steric repulsions between Me ax –C(1) and OH ax –C(3) make conformer 8b of obtusol epimer so scarcely populated that it can not be detected. In agreement, with (+)‐ 9 and (+)‐ 10 , which have a trigonal C(2), two conformers can be directly observed by NMR. The kinetic barriers, which are seen to arise mainly from steric repulsions between H ax –C(14) and the axial H or halogen atoms at C(8) and C(10), are calculated and discussed with respect to well documented exocycliemethylidene‐substituted cyclohexane(ene) systems. This helps to rationalize why in rogiolol acetate ((+)‐ 1 ) ring B is unusually inert towards Zn/Et 2 O/AcOH which causes bromohydrine‐group elimination from ring A.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Promoter Methylation Modulates Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Induction by Activated T Cells in Human Breast Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immunoblots reveals that treatments with ruxolitinib blocked STAT1-mediated IDO expression.&lt;/p&gt;
The structures and fluxional behaviour of the binary carbonyls; a new approach. Part 3. The fluxional behaviour of [Fe3(CO)11L], L = PR3 or P(OR)3 (1981)

The stereodynamic behaviour of the complexes [Fe3(CO)11L][L = PR3 or P(OR)3], as determined by 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy over a wide temperature range, has been interpreted in terms of an icosahedral ⇌ cube-octahedral interchange of ligands of the type previously postulated for [M4(CO)12](M = Co, Rh, or lr) and their derivatives.
The chemistry of the organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy of mercury cadmium telluride (1992)

This review of the organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) of mercury cadmium telluride examines the chemistry underlying film growth, film morphology, heteroepitaxy, doping, and reactor design. A key feature of the OMVPE of II-VI compounds, as distinguished from the OMVPE of III-V compounds, is that the intrinsic reaction kinetics control film growth. The rates of surface and gas-phase reactions determine the rate of deposition and the alloy composition. As a result, the quality of the material produced is very sensitive to the substrate temperature and the distribution of reactants in the gas above the substrate. Another crucial aspect of the growth chemistry is that cadmium telluride shows a strong tendency to grow in the 111(Te) orientation. This makes it difficult to establish layer-by-layer growth on the
Limitations in the Extraction of Active Fixation Coronary Sinus Leads (2017)

Objectives: Based on current ESC guideline criteria cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a suitable treatment option for 5–10% of all heart failure patients. However, coronary sinus (CS) lead implantation for CRT can be technically demanding and carries the risk of lead dislodgement which is why active fixation mechanisms have been developed. We compared the procedural success in the extraction of active and passive fixation CS leads.
Spectrum: A Framework for Adapting Consensus Protocols (2019)

There exists a plethora of consensus protocols in literature. The reason is that there is no one-size-fits-all solution, since every protocol is unique and its performance is directly tied to the deployment settings and workload configurations. Some protocols are well suited for geographical scale environments, e.g., leaderless, while others provide high performance under workloads with high contention, e.g., single leader-based. Thus, existing protocols seldom adapt to changing workload conditions. To overcome this limitation, we propose Spectrum, a consensus framework that is able to switch consensus protocols at run-time, to enable a dynamic reaction to changes in the workload characteristics and deployment scenarios. With this framework, we provide transparent instantiation of various consensus protocols, and a completely asynchronous switching mechanism with zero downtime. We assess the effectiveness of Spectrum via an extensive experimental evaluation, which shows that Spectrum is able to limit the increase of the user perceived latency when switching among consensus protocols.
A NEW SCANNING METHOD FOR HEAD CT (1980)

Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., 1–280 Higashi Koigakubo, Kokubunji-city, Tokyo 185, Japan.
Characteristics of Polymerized Pyridoxylated Hemoglobin (1988)

Polymerization of SFH-P currently provides the only approach that leads to a hemoglobin solution that approximates the O2 carrying capacity of whole blood and can be infused without altering the COP of plasma. It appears to have an adequate O2 loading and unloading characteristic and a greatly improved intravascular half-life. In addition, stable shelf-life at 4 degrees C of greater than five months, makes it a prime candidate for future pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
Optimally Profiling and Tracing (1994)

This paper describes algorithms for inserting monitoring code to profile and trace programs. These algorithms greatly reduce the cost of measuring programs with respect to the commonly used technique of placing code in each basic block. Program profiling counts the number of times each basic block in a program executes. Instruction tracing records the sequence of basic blocks traversed in a program execution. The algorithms optimize the placement of counting/tracing code with respect to the expected or measured frequency of each block or edge in a program’s control-flow graph. We have implemented the algorithms in a profiling/tracing tool, and they substantially reduce the overhead of profiling and tracing. We also define and study the hierarchy of profiling problems. These problems have two dimensions: what is profiled (i.e., vertices (basic blocks) or edges in a control-flow graph) and where the instrumentation code is placed (in blocks or along edges). We compare the optimal solutions to the profiling problems and describe a new profiling problem: basic-block profiling with edge counters. This problem is important because an optimal solution to any other profiling problem (for a given control-flow graph) is never better than an optimal solution to this problem. Unfortunately, finding an optimal placement of edge counters for vertex profiling appears to be a
Reversible Condensation of DNA Using a Redox-Active Surfactant (2007)

We report characterization of aqueous solutions of dilute Lambda phage DNA containing the redox-active surfactant (11-ferrocenylundecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (FTMA) as a function of the oxidation state of the FTMA. FTMA undergoes a reversible one-electron oxidation from a reduced state that forms micelles in aqueous solution to an oxidized state (containing the ferrocenium cation) that does not self-associate in solution. This investigation sought to test the hypothesis that FTMA can be used to achieve reversible control over the conformation of DNA-surfactant complexes in solution. Whereas DNA adopts extended coil conformations in aqueous solutions, our measurements revealed that addition of reduced FTMA (2-5 microM) to aqueous solutions of DNA (5 microM in nucleotide units) resulted in coexistence of extended coils and compact globules in solution. At higher concentrations of reduced FTMA (up to 30 microM), the DNA was present as compact globules only. In contrast, oxidized FTMA had no measurable effect on the conformation of DNA, allowing DNA to maintain an extended coil state up to a concentration of 75 microM oxidized FTMA. We further demonstrate that it is possible to chemically or electrochemically transform the oxidation state of FTMA in preformed complexes of FTMA and DNA, thus achieving in situ control over the conformations of the DNA in solution. These results provide guidance for the design of surfactant systems that permit active control of DNA-surfactant interactions.