gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Problems and Pitfalls in the Analysis of Amygdalin and Its Epimer (2015)

α-[(6-O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-(αR)-benzeneacetonitrile, or R-amygdalin, is the most common cyanogenic glycoside found in seeds and kernels of the Rosaceae family and other plant genera such as Passiflora. Many commercially important seeds are analyzed for amygdalin content. In "alternative medicine", amygdalin has been sold as a treatment for cancer for several decades without any rigorous scientific support for its efficacy. We have found that there are some inconsistencies and possible problems in the published analytical chemistry of amygdalin. It is shown that some analytical approaches do not account for the presence of the S-isomer; therefore, a fast reliable method was developed using a chiral stationary phase and HPLC. This approach allows "real-time" monitoring and complete and highly efficient separations. It is found that the S-amygdalin continuously forms in aqueous solutions. A striking result is that the conversion of amygdalin is glassware dependent. "Clean" vials from various vendors can show drastically different reaction rates of the conversion to the isomer (S-amygdalin, also called neo-amygdalin). The epimerization kinetics are dependent on the solvent, temperature, pH, and the nature of the container. For example, epimerization in water was complete in <15 min in a new glass vial taken from the box, whereas it can take >1 h in specially cleaned glassware. Conversely, epimerization can be significantly delayed at high temperature if high-density polyethylene is used as the container. Hence, inert plastic containers are recommended for storage of aqueous amygdalin solutions. Commercial preparations of R-amygdalin actually contain greater quantities of S-amygdalin and ∼ 5% of other degradation products.
Tutorial: Programmable Integrated Photonics (2020)

Programmable photonic circuits are optical chips whose functionality can be (re)configured through electronics and software. This programmability enables new functionality, and opens the path to general-purpose photonic chips, similar to electronic FPGAs. This tutorial discusses the operational principles and technology stack for these chips.
The Seco-Taxane IDN5390 Is Able to Target Class III β-Tubulin and to Overcome Paclitaxel Resistance (2005)

A prominent mechanism of drug resistance to taxanes is the overexpression of class III beta-tubulin. The seco-taxane IDN5390 was chosen for its selective activity in paclitaxel-resistant cells with an overexpression of class III beta-tubulin. Moreover, the combined treatment paclitaxel/IDN5390 yielded a strong synergism, which was also evident in cell-free tubulin polymerization assays. In the presence of an anti-class III beta-tubulin as a blocking antibody, tubulin polymerization induced by paclitaxel and IDN5390 was enhanced and not affected, respectively, whereas synergism was abolished, thereby indicating that IDN5390 activity is not modulated by class III beta-tubulin levels. Such properties can be explained by taking into consideration the composition of class III beta-tubulin paclitaxel binding site; in fact, Ser277 interacting with paclitaxel C group in class I is replaced by an Arginine in class III. IDN5390 that has an open and flexible C ring and an acidic alpha-unsaturated enol-keton moiety better fits with class III beta-tubulin than paclitaxel at the binding site. Taking altogether, these findings indicate that the concomitant treatment IDN5390/paclitaxel is able to successfully target class I and III beta-tubulin and the combined use of two taxanes with diverse spectrum activity against tubulin isotypes could represent a novel approach to overcome paclitaxel resistance.
Nasopharyngeal colonization and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children with acute rhinopharyngitis (2001)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for nasopharyngeal colonization by, and to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in children with acute rhinopharyngitis. METHODS: We collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 400 children aged 3 months to 5 years and with clinical status of acute rhinopharyngitis from June 16, 1997 to May 20, 1998 at the outpatient clinics of two hospitals in the city of São Paulo. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected pernasally using a calcium alginate swab and plated immediately after collection onto trypticose soy agar with 5% sheep blood and garamicin 5 mcg/ml. Penicillin susceptibility was determined by oxacillin 1 mcg disk screening test and the minimal inhibitory concentration by the E-test. RESULTS: Pneumococci were recovered from 139 children, indicating a colonization prevalence of 35%. The risk factors analyzed indicated that the colonization was more prevalent in children attending day-care centers, children with siblings younger than 5 years, and children with recent use of antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible strains was of 16 % (20 strains). All strains were intermediately resistant (0.1mcg/ ml </= MIC </= 1.0 mcg/ ml). Out of the penicillin intermediately resistant strains, 7 (37%) showed intermediate resistance to cotrimoxazol and 2 (11%) full resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No strains were resistant to ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, clarithromicin, or chloramphenicol. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the prevalence of nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with upper respiratory infections was of 34.8%. Children attending day-care centers and children with younger siblings showed higher levels of colonization The results of prevalence of bacterial resistance were similar to those of studies regarding invasive infections, thus indicating that nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae can be used in the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in a defined geographical area.
Examining Racial Disparities in HIV (2008)

Racial differences in the prevalence and incidence of HIV infection and AIDS diagnoses in the United States are striking. These differences have been recognized for nearly 20 years, yet they are not well investigated. In this article, we examine 15 factors identified in the sexually transmitted infection (STI) literature to explain the presence of racial/ethnic disparities in STIs. We review findings from these studies and offer suggestions for future research, with the goal of further understanding and reducing disparities in HIV. In general, the STI literature shows that an evaluation of individual behavior is necessary but insufficient on its own to account for racial/ethnic disparities in STIs. Population parameters should be included within models that traditionally include individual-level factors. The 15 factors can be categorized into 3 broad overarching themes: behavioral, prevention participation, and biologic explanations of differentials in STI transmission and infection. Future research that focuses on only 1 of the 15 factors discussed in this review, to the exclusion of others, is likely to yield poor outcomes. Conversely, an emphasis on the interactions of several factors is more likely to produce effective public health interventions and reductions in HIV transmission.
Polymerization of 4-(ferrocenylethynyl)phenylacetylene with transition metal catalysts (1999)

A new conjugated polymer carrying organometallic pendant groups, poly[4-(ferrocenylethynyl)phenylacetylene], has been prepared. [Rh(nbd)(OCH3)]2 as a catalyst (nbd = norbornadiene) provides a mixture of an insoluble polymer (yield 71%) free of C≡CH groups and soluble oligomers (yield 22%, MW ca. 1 100). WOCl4/2Me4Sn as a catalyst provides almost exclusively a polymer (yield 60%, Mw = 32·103) containing a small amount of C≡CH groups that is soluble in aromatic and low-polarity solvents. Its solubility, however, decreases upon storage in the solid state, probably due to a subsequent crosslinking. The 13C NMR, IR, UV-vis and Raman spectra of the monomer and polymers are reported.
Cellular mechanisms mediating the anticancer activity of a novel polyherbal formulation. (2015)

e13590 Cellular mechanisms mediating the anticancer activity of a novel polyherbal formulation Background: There is an increased interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which herbal mixtures elicit their effects with the hope that they can be translated into new anticancer therapies. A novel herbal decoction 3HX was formulated that exerted excellent anticancer activity in preclinical models, specifically AML and melanoma. The present study explored the anticancer mechanism of 3HX. Methods: Cell lines SK-MEL-2 and THP-1 were treated with 3HX followed by analysis of apoptotic markers. Angiogenesis was evaluated by proliferation, migration and VEGF estimation in human endothelial cells EA.hy926. Kinase inhibition was assessed by Z' Lyte assays. Topoisomerase II activity was determined by Kinetoplast DNA Cleavage assay. NFkB signaling assay was done using NFkB-bla THP-1. Immunostimulatory assays were done by estimation of MIP-1-α, TNF-α and IL-1-β in murine splenocytes. Anti-metastatic activity was assessed by lung colonization assay. Results: 3HX induced strong apoptotic signaling in tumor cell lines mediated by ROS generation, PS externalization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest. Considerable inhibition of proliferation, migration and VEGF release was recorded in treated endothelial cells. Further inhibitory effect was observed on all the 8 kinases - AKT1 (PKB alpha), ERBB2 (HER2), FLT3, MAPK1 (ERK2), PRKCA (PKC alpha), BRAF, BRAF V599E and MAP2K1 (MEK1) with > 50% inhibition at 1:10 dilution in all except MAPK1 (ERK2). Inhibition of Topoisomerase II and NFkB signaling was also observed. 3HX also increased the levels of cytokines especially MIP-1-α and TNF-α. Metastatic assays revealed inhibition of melanoma nodule count and decrease in melanin content at 2 doses of 500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg respectively administered orally. Conclusions: 3HX exerts anticancer action by multi-target and multi-signal pathways involving apoptosis; anti-angiogenesis; anti-metastasis; inhibition of signaling kinases, topoisomerase II and modulation of tumor microenvironment by enhancement of immune function and suppression of inflammation.
Oscillatory damping in long-time evolution of the surface quasi-geostrophic equations with generalised viscosity: a numerical study (2010)

We study numerically the long-time evolution of the surface quasi-geostrophic equation with generalised viscosity of the form $(-¥Delta)^¥alpha$, where global regularity has been proved mathematically for the subcritical parameter range $¥alpha ¥geq ¥frac{1}{2}$. Even in the supercritical range, we have found numerically that smooth evolution persists, but with a very slow and oscillatory damping in the long run. A subtle balance between nonlinear and dissipative terms is observed therein. Notably, qualitative behaviours of the analytic properties of the solution do not change in the super and subcritical ranges, suggesting the current theoretical boundary $¥alpha =¥frac{1}{2}$ is of technical nature.
After 9 Years of 3-Column Osteotomies, Are We Doing Better? Performance Curve Analysis of 573 Surgeries With 2-Year Follow-up (2017)

Over 9 yr, 3COs are being performed on an increasingly disabled population while gaining a greater correction at the osteotomy site. Revisions and complication rate decreased while success rate improved during the 2-yr follow-up period.
Protective Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies Neutralizing Alpha-Hemolysin and Bicomponent Leukocidins in a Rabbit Model of Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing Pneumonia (2019)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of infections by producing an arsenal of cytotoxins. We found that passive immunization with either a monoclonal antibody (MAb) neutralizing alpha-hemolysin or a broadly cross-reactive MAb neutralizing Panton-Valentine leukocidin, leukocidin ED, and gamma-hemolysins HlgAB and HlgCB conferred only partial protection, whereas the combination of those two MAbs conferred significant protection in a rabbit model of necrotizing pneumonia caused by the USA300 methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> epidemic clone.
Effect of microencapsulation on immunogenicity of a bovine herpes virus glycoprotein and inactivated influenza virus in mice (1997)

We previously found that aqueous-based spermine-alginate or spermine-chondroitin sulfate microcapsules enhanced rotavirus-specific humoral immune responses after intramuscular inoculation of mice. To extend our observations with whole, infectious rotavirus to vaccine strategies which include inactivated virus and purified proteins, we determined the capacity of aqueous-based microcapsules to enhance virus-specific immune responses to bovine herpes virus type 1 glycoprotein D (BHV-1-gD) or ether-treated influenza virus. We found that spermine-alginate microcapsules decreased the quantity of BHV-1-gD necessary to induce protein-specific antibodies about 5000-fold. However, spermine-alginate microcapsules did not enhance influenza virus-specific antibody responses. Microcapsules composed of spermine-chondroitin sulfate did not enhance either BHV-1-gD or influenza virus-specific immune responses. Possible mechanisms of enhancement of virus-specific antibody responses by microencapsulation are discussed.
Semantic-only Visual Odometry based on dense class-level segmentation (2018)

This paper proposes a novel approach called Semantic Visual Odometry (SemVO) which incorporates class-level consistency priors into the problem of 6-DoF Visual Odometry. Dense class-level labels are learnt for each pixel of the image using a CNN trained for semantic segmentation. A semantic error is formulated penalising the sum of squared differences (SSD) on class-level feature maps extracted from the decoder of a RefineNet. It will be shown how the proposed approach allows dense RGB-D camera tracking using solely a semantic error term. SemVO is evaluated on the ScanNet dataset and the results demonstrate how the number of classes affects performance. Results are also provided showing how best to fuse the new error function with classic dense photometric and geometric methods. Finally, it is demonstrated that SemVO improves over standard approaches for large camera motion applications.
Element Spectroscopic Imaging of Poly(2-vinylpyridine)-<i>b</i><i>lock</i>-polyisoprene Microdomains Containing Palladium Nanoparticles (2001)

The distribution of palladium nanoparticles and their influence on the phase separation on a poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymer were visualized by element spectroscopic imaging in the transmission electron microscope. High palladium nanoparticle concentration suppresses the microphase separation of the diblock copolymer, while a comparatively low palladium nanoparticle concentration still induces the microphase separation where the nanoparticles are exclusively located in the poly(2-vinylpyridine) microphase. A careful analysis of the palladium particle distribution revealed that the palladium particles tend to be located close to the interface of the two coexisting microdomains.
BROADBAND PUMP–PROBING INSIDE AN OPTICAL PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIER (2009)

We use an optical parametric amplifier to obtain and demonstrate a fast and flexible pump–probe system with minimal conversion needed. The readily aligned laser may be used to quickly test samples with broadband pump–probing as well as femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. As a proof of concept, we produce results on optical modulation in vanadium dioxide thin films similar to that previously obtained by other groups.
Irisin Lowers Blood Pressure by Improvement of Endothelial Dysfunction via AMPK‐Akt‐eNOS‐NO Pathway in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (2016)

We conclude that acute administration of irisin lowers blood pressure of SHRs by amelioration of endothelial dysfunction of the mesenteric artery through the AMPK-Akt-eNOS-NO signaling pathway.
&lt;title&gt;Neuromorphic algorithms for computer vision and attention&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

We describe an integrated vision system which reliably detects persons in static color natural scenes, or other targets among distracting objects. The system is built upon the biologically-inspired synergy between two processing stages: A fast trainable visual attention front-end (where), which rapidly selects a restricted number of conspicuous image locations, and a computationally expensive object recognition back-end (what), which determines whether the selected locations are targets of interest. We experiment with two recognition back-ends: One uses a support vector machine algorithm and achieves highly reliable recognition of pedestrians in natural scenes, but is not particularly biologically plausible, while the other is directly inspired from the neurobiology of inferotemporal cortex, but is not yet as robust with natural images. Integrating the attention and recognition algorithms yields substantial speedup over exhaustive search, while preserving detection rate. The success of this approach demonstrates that using a biological attention-based strategy to guide an object recognition system may represent an efficient strategy for rapid scene analysis.
SUN11602, a Novel Aniline Compound, Mimics the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (2012)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) offers some measure of protection against excitotoxic neuronal injuries by upregulating the expression of the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28k (Calb). The newly synthesized small molecule 4-({4-[[(4-amino-2,3,5,6-tetramethylanilino)acetyl](methyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}methyl)benzamide (SUN11602) mimics the neuroprotective effects of bFGF, and thus, we examined how SUN11602 exerts its actions on neurons in toxic conditions of glutamate. In primary cultures of rat cerebrocortical neurons, SUN11602 and bFGF prevented glutamate-induced neuronal death. This neuroprotection, which occurred in association with the augmented phosphorylation of the bFGF receptor-1 (FGFR-1) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2), was abolished by pretreatment with PD166866 (a FGFR-1 tyrosine kinase-specific inhibitor) and PD98059 (a mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK]/[ERK-1/2] kinase [MEK] inhibitor). In addition, SUN11602 and bFGF increased the levels of CALB1 gene expression in cerebrocortical neurons. Whether this neuroprotection was linked to Calb was investigated with primary cultures of cerebrocortical neurons from homozygous knockout (Calb(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice. In WT mice, SUN11602 and bFGF increased the levels of newly synthesized Calb in cerebrocortical neurons and suppressed the glutamate-induced rise in intracellular Ca(2+). This Ca(2+)-capturing ability of Calb allowed the neurons to survive severe toxic conditions of glutamate. In contrast, Calb levels remained unchanged in Calb(-/-) mice after exposure to SUN11602 or bFGF, and due to a loss of function of the gene, these neurons were no longer resistant to toxic conditions of glutamate. These findings indicated that SUN11602 activated a number of cellular molecules (FGFR-1, MEK/ERK intermediates, and Calb) and consequently contributed to intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis as observed in the case of bFGF.
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Patients with Elevated Risk of Lymph Node Invasion During Radical Prostatectomy: Comparison of Open, Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Procedures (2011)

PLND, including hypogastric nodal packet, can be performed by any surgical approach, with slightly different yields but similar pathologic outcomes. Individual surgeon commitment to PLND may be more important than approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallation of Methoxy‐2(1H)‐quinolinones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapid and highly base selective RNA cleavage by a dinuclear Cu(II) complex (1999)

S. Liu and A. D. Hamilton, Chem. Commun., 1999, 587 DOI: 10.1039/A808195F
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Route of immunization with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells controls the distribution of memory and effector T cells in lymphoid tissues and determines the pattern of regional tumor control. (2003)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Route of immunization with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells controls the distribution of memory and effector T cells in lymphoid tissues and determines the pattern of regional tumor control.
Time- and Dose-Dependent Effects of Hyaluronidase on the Degradation of Different Hyaluronan-Based Fillers In Vitro (2022)

Therapeutic, V.
5. Accelerated Fracture Healing Targeting Periosteal Cells: Possibility of Combined Therapy of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS), Bone Graft, and Growth Factor (bFGF) (2016)

We have studied the mechanism of fracture healing, and the effect of LIPUS, bone graft and growth factor on accelerating fracture healing. We present here the results of our research. To examine callus formation cells in fracture healing, we made marrow GFP chimera mice and a fracture model of marrow mesenchymal stem cell GFP chimera mice. It was demonstrated that periosteal cells were essential for callus formation. We focused on periosteal cells and examined the effect of LIPUS. In an in vitro experiment using a cultured part of the femur, LIPUS promoted ossification of the periosteal tissue. Further, LIPUS accelerated VEGF expression in the experiment using the femoral fracture model of mice. From these results, it was suggested that activation of periosteal cells might play a role in the fracture healing mechanism of LIPUS. Next, we discussed the possibility of combined therapy of LIPUS, bone graft and growth factor. Therapy involving the topical administration of bFGF using a controlled release system and bone graft could promote callus formation. In addition, LIPUS was able to promote membranaceous ossification after the bone graft. It was suggested that combined therapy of LIPUS, bone graft and bFGF could be a new option for treating fractures.
Scorpion hybrid optical-based inertial tracker (HObIT) (2013)

Thales Visionix has developed a new helmet tracker based on a hybrid inertial optical approach. It uses the inside-out concept of the InterSense VisTracker technology, which has been acquired by Thales Visionix, upgraded with a tiny high-performance NavChip Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). A unique feature of the tracker is that there is no aircraft mounted equipment. A group of small circular barcode-like fiducial stickers are placed on the interior surface of the cockpit. The tracker allows operation in both hybrid inertial/optical and inertial-only modes, which it seamlessly switches between as the pilot’s helmet goes in and out of the optical tracking zone. This paper describes the tracker, its features and performance.