gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of high power microwave conversion efficiency from axial virtual cathode oscillator in accordance with cathode materials (2008)

Summary form only given. We have investigated an efficiency enhancement of high power microwave generation from axial virtual cathode oscillator in accordance with cathode materials in this experiment. This high power microwave generator is powered by the "Chundoong" intense relativistic electron beam pulser (Max : 600 kV, 88 kA and 60 ns duration). It is noted in this experiment that the maximum power can be obtained at A-K gap distance of 4 mm. Experiment shown that output microwave main frequency is 5.75 GHz from axial vircator with carbon cathode. The microwave peak power has been measured to be about 1.3 GW. It is found in this experiment that the output microwave power sensitively depends upon the work function and ion induced secondary electron coefficient of cathode materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel β‐Amino Acid Precursors: β‐Amino‐ hydrocoumarins as Unusual Aspartic Acid Mimetics Used in Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonists. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract LBA015: Accelerating clinically-translatable discoveries using a network-and RNA-based precision-oncology framework (2021)

Abstract Despite recent advances, prioritizing therapy at the individual patient level remains challenging. In fact, inter-patient tumor heterogeneity remains one of the major challenges in cancer therapy, making it difficult to optimize available treatments on an individual patient basis. Likewise, the systematic prediction of drug sensitivity in vivo is still a major challenge in translational biology, where targeted therapeutics are currently selected based on the presence of either actionable oncogene dependencies or aberrant cellular mechanisms. A further challenge is the limited availability of models that faithfully recapitulate the biology, complexity, and heterogeneity of human tumors, including their interaction with a competent immune system. To address these challenges, we introduce OncoLoop, a highly-generalizable, network-based precision medicine framework to triangulate between available mouse models, human tumors, and large-scale drug perturbational assays with in vivo validation to predict personalized treatment. OncoLoop requires only transcriptomic data (i.e., RNA-seq profiles) and leverages regulatory network analysis to (a) identify cognate models based on conservation of patient-specific Master Regulator (MR) proteins and (b) prioritize drugs based on their ability to invert the activity of MR proteins (MR-inverters), using drug perturbation profiles in cognate cell lines. As proof-of-concept, we applied OncoLoop to prostate cancer using a series of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that capture a broad range of phenotypes, including metastatic, castration-resistant and neuroendocrine disease. Indeed, ~70% of patients in published cohorts had at least one high-fidelity matched GEMM. Drugs targeting shared Master Regulator dependencies of a patient and its cognate GEMM(s) were predicted using perturbational profiles of &amp;gt;300 drugs in MR-matched cell lines, resulting in an 80% validation rate in GEMM allografts and human xenografts. This network-based approach is highly generalized and can be applied to both cancer and non-cancer-related contexts. Citation Format: Alessandro Vasciaveo, Min Zou, Juan Martín Arriaga, Francisca Nunes De Almeida De Almeida, Eugene Douglass, Michael Shen, Andrea Califano, Cory Abate-Shen. Accelerating clinically-translatable discoveries using a network-and RNA-based precision-oncology framework [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LBA015.
New Design Study and Related Experimental Program for the LCLS RF Photoinjector (2000)

The authors report the results of a recent beam dynamics study, motivated by the need to redesign the LCLS photoinjector, that lead to the discovery of a new effective working point for a split RF photoinjector. The authors consider the emittance compensation regime of a space charge beam: by increasing the solenoid strength, the emittance evolution shows a double minimum behavior in the drifting region. If the booster is located where the relative emittance maximum and the envelope waist occur, the second emittance minimum can be shifted to the booster exit and frozen at a very low level (0.3 mm-mrad for a 1 nC flat top bunch), to the extent that the invariant envelope matching conditions are satisfied. Standing Wave Structures or alternatively Traveling Wave Structures embedded in a Long Solenoid are both candidates as booster linac. A careful measurement of the emittance evolution as a function of position in the drifting region is necessary to verify the computation and to determine experimentally the proper position of the booster cavities. The new design study and supporting experimental program under way at the SLAC Gun Test Facility are discussed.
Micro- and nanosystems - materials and devices : symposium held March 28-April 1, 2005, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. (2005)

This book focuses on: microsystems, including micromachines and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), as well as micro-optical-electromechanical systems (MOEMS); and nanosystems, also referred to as nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) or molecular machines, including devices that incorporate nanotubes, nanocantilevers, and molecular or atomic manipulators. A wide range of physical and chemical sensor applications have been addressed with these technologies and are outlined in the book. An overall perspective on the technology required to leap from conventional micro- and nanosystems to bionanosystems, and to realize functional materials and systems for applications such as drug delivery is provided. Additional highlights include a look at the application of focused ion beam milling in characterizing MEMS devices, which is becoming a conventional tool for this purpose. The electrodeposition of structures through high aspect ratio features in thick resists is also examined. And surface and materials issues for reliability of MEMS devices are assessed and provide insight into how characterization schemes for evaluating MEMS reliability can be developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzenebis(diazocyanides) ‐ The First Acceptors of the Inverse Wurster Type for Conducting Organic Materials. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) retransplantation in prior SPK recipients (2011)

Survival of repeat SPK allografts is acceptable despite the increased technical and immunologic demands of retransplantation. Graftectomy prior to or at the time of retransplantation is often necessary.
Prevalence Trends of the New Variant of Chlamydia trachomatis in Four Counties of Sweden in 2007–2011 (2012)

A new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis (nvCT) was discovered in Sweden in 2006, and it could not be detected by diagnostic systems from Abbott and Roche, whereas the third system used, from Becton Dickinson (BD), detects nvCT. We analyzed 3648 samples from 2 counties that used Roche and 2 counties that used BD methods from 2007 to 2011. After implementation of a Roche method that detects nvCT, its proportion has decreased and converged in the 4 counties but are still at different levels in Roche and BD counties. Future studies are needed to see if nvCT will decline further.
Assessing and Reducing Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Radiotracer Infiltrations: Lessons in Quality Improvement and Sustainability (2020)

A QIP can significantly improve and sustain injection quality; however, ongoing monitoring is needed as new technologists join the team.
On Learning from Human Expert Knowledge for Automated Scheduling (2018)

Automated scheduling systems and decision support tools require at least four kinds of knowledge: 1) domain knowledge, 2) problem instance knowledge, 3) control knowledge, and 4) solving knowledge. This short paper draws attention to learning from human experts for these different kinds of knowledge, and advocates a complementarity of knowledge acquisition by automated techniques and by human knowledge engineers.
A Two-Dimensional Dynamic Anatomical Model of the Human Knee Joint (1993)

The objective of this study is to develop a two-dimensional dynamic model of the knee joint to simulate its response under sudden impact. The knee joint is modeled as two rigid bodies, representing a fixed femur and a moving tibia, connected by 10 nonlinear springs representing the different fibers of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and the posterior part of the capsule. In the analysis, the joint profiles were represented by polynomials. Model equations include three nonlinear differential equations of motion and three nonlinear algebraic equations representing the geometric constraints. A single point contact was assumed to exist at all times. Numerical solutions were obtained by applying Newmark constant-average-acceleration scheme of differential approximation to transform the motion equations into a set of nonlinear simultaneous algebraic equations. The equations reduced thus to six nonlinear algebraic equations in six unknowns. The Newton-Raphson iteration technique was then used to obtain the solution. Knee response was determined under sudden rectangular pulsing posterior forces applied to the tibia and having different amplitudes and durations. The results indicate that increasing pulse amplitude and/or duration produced a decrease in the magnitude of the tibio-femoral contact force, indicating thus a reduction in the joint stiffness. It was found that the anterior fibers of the posterior cruciate and the medial collateral ligaments are the primary restraints for a posterior forcing pulse in the range of 20 to 90 degrees of knee flexion; this explains why most isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries and combined injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament and the medial collateral results from a posterior impact on a flexed knee.
Eine hochporöse Metall‐organische Gerüstverbindung mit zugänglichen Nickelzentren (2010)

Großer Appetit: Ein neues Metall-organisches Gerüst (DUT-9; siehe Struktur) weist eine zuvor unbekannte Topologie mit {Ni5(μ3-O)2(O2C)6}-Clustern auf (grün: Ni-Polyeder; grau: C, rot: O). Dank der Gegenwart zugänglicher Metallzentren (markiert durch Sterne) zeichnet es sich durch sehr hohe Speicherkapazitäten für CH4, H2 (siehe Diagramm) und CO2 aus.
RE: “ON THE LOGIC OF CAUSAL INFERENCE” (1987)

Journal Article RE: “ON THE LOGIC OF CAUSAL INFERENCE” Get access Gary G. Schwartz Gary G. Schwartz Department of Epidemiology University of North Carolina School of Public HealthChapel Hill, NC 27514 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 126, Issue 1, July 1987, Page 157, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114652 Published: 01 July 1987
Producing silicate coatings CaSiO3 - PbSiO3 on a porous titanium substrate (2023)

РќРѕРІС‹Рµ С‚РµС…РЅРѕР»РѕРіРёРё, РҐРёРјРёС‡РµСЃРєР°СЏ РїСЂРѕРјС‹С€Р»РµРЅРЅРѕСЃС‚СЊ, РҐРёРјРёС‡РµСЃРєР°СЏ С‚РµС…РЅРѕР»РѕРіРёСЏ, РќР°СѓС‡РЅС‹Рµ Р¶СѓСЂРЅР°Р»С‹, Р—Р°С‰РёС‚Р° РѕС‚ РєРѕСЂСЂРѕР·РёРё, РўРµС…РЅРѕР»РѕРіРёСЏ РјРµС‚Р°Р»Р»РѕРІ, РЎРІРѕР№СЃС‚РІР° РјР°С‚РµСЂРёР°Р»РѕРІ, РўРµС…РЅРёС‡РµСЃРєРёРµ Р¶СѓСЂРЅР°Р»С‹, РќР°СѓРєР° Рё С‚РµС…РЅРѕР»РѕРіРёРё, РЎРїСЂР°РІРѕС‡РЅР°СЏ Р»РёС‚РµСЂР°С‚СѓСЂР°, РќР°СѓС‡РЅС‹Рµ СЂР°Р·СЂР°Р±РѕС‚РєРё
A data acquisition and Event Processing Module for small animal SPECT imaging (2007)

The Quicksilver event processing module (EPM) designed for the Siemens Inveon Dedicated PET (Positron Emission Tomography) preclinical scanner, has been leveraged in the development of a new SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) EPM module. This new module is used in Inveon SPECT systems and provides 16 channels of high speed data acquisition and event processing functions. Fifteen of these channels are used for processing 7 X signals, 7 Y signals and a SUM signal all received from the SPECT detector electronics. Custom mixed-signal CMOS ASICs and high speed ADCs are utilized to provide the front-end analog portion of the data acquisition. A high performance FPGA provides the digital portion of the data acquisition running at 100 MHz and the subsequent event processing. This FPGA also provides multiple high speed serial data channels for external interconnection. These interconnections allow the module to be replicated as needed in a distributed parallel processing architecture for flexible, high performance SPECT imaging. The module also provides controllable high voltage needed to bias the SPECT detectors. A four head Nal(Tl) based SPECT system is currently being built using one SPECT EPM per SPECT head.
Real-Time Ultrasonography of Thyroid Nodules (1986)

Sonographic characteristics were analyzed in 141 histologically confirmed thyroid nodules including 84 benign and 57 malignant tumors. Seven items were examined: Presence of a 'halo'; presence of cystic components; presence of calcification; hypoechogenicity; heterogeneity of the internal echo pattern: irregular or obscured margin; and massive extrathyroidal extension. Only the last-mentioned item appeared exclusively, but not very often, in malignant lesions, and the other characteristics were encountered in both benign and malignant lesions. Although ultrasonography is a method of choice for the evaluation of thyroid nodules, its ability to distinguish benign from malignant lesions is limited.
Analysis of the Influence of Incoming Flow Turbulence on the Flow in a Supersonic Air Intake by the RANS/ILES Method. Estimation of Dissipative Properties of the Difference Scheme by an Example of Modeling the Decay of Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence in the ILES (2022)

Dissipative properties of the difference scheme implemented in the RANS/ILES method are estimated by an example of the problem of the decay of homogeneous isotropic turbulence calculated in the ILES. The effect of scheme settings, time step, and grid cell size on the numerical diffusion level—scheme dissipation in a wide range of turbulent Mach numbers—is studied. The energy spectra for different time instants of the evolution of the modeled flow are constructed, and their physical adequacy in terms of the theory of homogeneous isotropic turbulence and correspondence to experimental data are estimated. A satisfactory coincidence with experimental results and correspondence to the theoretical structure of the spectrum are obtained. A comparison with results of modeling the decay of homogeneous isotropic turbulence in the ANSYS CFX software package with the use of different explicit subgrid models of turbulence is carried out.
A triclinic polymorph of bis(μ-di-<i>tert</i>-butylphosphanido)bis[(di-<i>tert</i>-butylphosphane)palladium(I)] (2012)

A new polymorph of the title compound, [Pd(2)(C(8)H(18)P)(2)(C(8)H(19)P)(2)], has been found. It belongs to the triclinic P-1 space group, whereas the known form [Leoni, Sommovigo, Pasquali, Sabatino & Braga (1992 ▶), J. Organo-met. Chem.423, 263-270] crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The title compound features a dinuclear palladium complex with a planar central Pd(2)(μ-P)(2) core (r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å). The Pd-Pd distance of 2.5988 (5) Å is within the range of a Pd(I)-Pd(I) bond. The mol-ecules of both polymorphs are located on a crystallographic centre of inversion. The mol-ecular conformations of the two polymorphs are essentially identical. The crystal packing patterns, on the other hand, are slightly different.
RANO 2.0: Proposal for an update to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria for high- and low-grade gliomas in adults. (2023)

2017 Background: Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria for high-grade and low-grade glioma (HGG and LGG) were developed to improve reliability of response assessment in glioma trials. Several limitations of the original RANO criteria have been reported. Methods: To address limitations of the original RANO criteria, a large cohort of patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma were evaluated comparing RANO-HGG with modified RANO (mRANO) and immunotherapy RANO (iRANO) criteria to inform the following proposed updates (RANO 2.0). Results: Based on the 2021 WHO classification of glioma, we recommend a single common set of criteria for all gliomas regardless of WHO grade and IDH mutational status. These criteria will be used for all trials regardless of the treatment modalities being evaluated. In newly diagnosed glioblastoma, the post-radiotherapy MRI, usually obtained approximately 4 weeks after completion of radiotherapy, rather than the post-surgical MRI as proposed in original RANO criteria, will be used as the baseline for comparison of subsequent scans. Since the incidence of pseudoprogression is high in the first 3 months following radiotherapy, confirmation of progression during this period with a repeat MRI (in 4-8 weeks) will be required for determining radiographic progression of disease (PD) if the patient is clinically stable. However, confirmation scans are not mandatory after this period nor for recurrent tumors since these scans do not appear to improve reliability in determining progression. For agents with a high likelihood of producing pseudoprogression such as viral therapies and some other immunotherapies, mandatory confirmation of progression with a repeat MRI is an option. The primary measurement will remain the 2-dimensional maximum cross-sectional area of tumor as the simplest method, but where resources are available, volumetric measurements are an option. For IDH wild-type tumors with contrast enhancement, non-enhancing tumor will no longer be evaluated with the possible exception of patients receiving antiangiogenic therapies. However, in tumors with a significant non-enhancing component, both the contrast enhancing and non-enhancing components will be evaluated as target lesions. Conclusions: We hope that these and other proposed changes by the RANO working group will improve response assessment in glioma clinical trials and help the development of more effective therapy for patients.
Contra: A Programmable System for Performance-aware Routing (2020)

We present Contra, a system for performance-aware routing that can adapt to traffic changes at hardware speeds. While existing work has developed point solutions for performance-aware routing on a fixed topology (e.g., a Fattree) with a fixed routing policy (e.g., use least utilized paths), Contra can be configured to operate seamlessly over any network topology and a wide variety of sophisticated routing policies. Users of Contra write network-wide policies that rank network paths given their current performance. A compiler then analyzes such policies in conjunction with the network topology and decomposes them into switch-local P4 programs, which collectively implement a new, specialized distance-vector protocol. This protocol generates compact probes that traverse the network, gathering path metrics to optimize for the user policy dynamically. Switches respond to changing network conditions at hardware speeds by routing flowlets along the best policy-compliant paths. Our experiments show that Contra scales to large networks, and that in terms of flow completion times, it is competitive with hand-crafted systems that have been customized for specific topologies and policies.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of multi-carriers based on Re-circulating Frequency Shifter (2013)

We first theoretically study the principle of RFS; then set up the experiment to generate 50 carriers with frequency space 12.5GHz and 20GHz respectively, compare their performance measured by the stability and flatness.
Three‐dimensional iterative inversion of the marine controlled‐source electromagnetic data (2005)

We developed a novel method of full 3‐D inversion of the marine controlled‐source electromagnetic (MCSEM) data. Our approach employs the localized quasi‐linear (LQL) approximation in the initial stage of inversion process, and integral equation (IE) based method in the final stage of the inversion. To ensure the convergence of the iterative process for complex system of equations for electric field in the inversion domain, we use the Complex Generalized Minimal Residual Method (CGMRM) (Zhdanov, 2002).The numerical modeling results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for inversion of the synthetic MCSEM data simulated for the models of a sea‐bottom petroleum reservoir.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 during Pregnancy: Clinical and in Vitro Evidence against Placenta Infection at Term by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. (2021)

Despite occasional reports of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vertical transmission during pregnancy, the question of placental infection and its consequences for the newborn remain questionable. Herein, we analyzed the placentas of 31 coronavirus disease 2019-positive mothers by reverse transcriptase PCR, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. We only detected one case of placental infection, which was associated with intrauterine demise of the fetus. We then isolated and differentiated primary trophoblasts from nonpathologic human placentas at term, and exposed them to SARS-CoV-2 virions. Unlike for positive control cells Vero E6, we were not able to detect the virus inside cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts or in the supernatant 4 days after infection. As a mechanism of defense, we hypothesized that trophoblasts at term do not express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), the two main host membrane receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry. The quantification of these proteins in the placenta during pregnancy confirmed the absence of TMPRSS2 at the surface of the syncytium. Surprisingly, a transiently induced experimental expression of TMPRSS2 did not allow the entry or replication of the virus in differentiated trophoblasts. Altogether, these results underline that trophoblasts are not likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 at term, but the reported case raises concern about preterm infection.