gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on the Interference of Two Herbicides in Wheat and Italian Ryegrass and on Their Antioxidant Activities and Detoxification Rates (2011)

A study was carried out to compare the effects of treating wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) with atrazine and fluorodifen. The herbicides interfered with photosynthesis and dark respiration, depending on the species. Atrazine decreased photosynthesis in both species and dark respiration in wheat, while fluorodifen caused decrements of photosynthetic activity of wheat. Antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR), were generally more active in untreated and treated wheat with respect to Italian ryegrass, which explains why oxidative damage, expressed as malondialdehyde (MDA) content, was only found in ryegrass. Investigations on the activity of herbicide-detoxifying enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and on the accumulation and persistence of the herbicides in the plants showed higher detoxification rates in wheat than in the grass.
Unified framework for multifactor authentication (2015)

The progression towards the use of mobile network devices in all facets of personal, business and leisure activity has created new threats to users and challenges to the industry to preserve security and privacy. Whilst mobility provides a means for interacting with others and accessing content in an easy and malleable way, these devices are increasingly being targeted by malicious parties in a variety of attacks. In addition, web technologies and applications are supplying more function and capability that attracts users to social media sites, e-shopping malls, and for managing finances (banking). The primary mechanism for authentication still employs a username and password based approach. This is often extended with additional (multifactor) authentication tools such as one time identifiers, hardware tokens, and biometrics. In this paper we discuss the threats, risks and challenges with user authentication and present the techniques to counter these problems with several patterns and approaches. We then outline a framework for supplying these authentication capabilities to the industry based on a unified authentication hub.
Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Viral Recrudescence in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients and Its Relationship with the Antigen-Specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> T-Cell Response (2007)

Using ex vivo antigen-specific T-cell analysis, we found that symptomatic cytomegalovirus recrudescence in transplant recipients was coincident with reduced expression of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by virus-specific CD8(+) T cells and an up-regulation of CD38 expression on these T cells, although there was no significant change in the absolute number of virus-specific cells (as assessed by major histocompatibility complex-peptide multimers). In contrast, HLA class I-matched transplant patients with asymptomatic viral recrudescence showed increased expansion of antigen-specific T cells and highly stable IFN-gamma expression by epitope-specific T cells. These studies suggest that a strong functional T-cell response plays a crucial role in defining the clinical outcome of acute viral recrudescence.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Splice-site pairing is an intrinsically high fidelity process. (2009)

The extensive alternative splicing in higher eukaryotes has initiated a debate whether alternative mRNA isoforms are generated by an inaccurate spliceosome or are the consequence of highly degenerate splice sites within the human genome. Here, we established a quantitative assay to evaluate the accuracy of splicesite pairing by determining the number of incorrect exon-skipping events made from constitutively spliced pre-mRNA transcripts. We demonstrate that the spliceosome pairs exons with an astonishingly high degree of accuracy that may be limited by the quality of pre-mRNAs generated by RNA pol II. The error rate of exon pairing is increased by the effects of the neurodegenerative disorder spinal muscular atrophy because of reduced levels of Survival of Motor Neuron, a master assembler of spliceosomal components. We conclude that all multi-intron-containing genes are alternatively spliced and that the reduction of SMN results in a general splicing defect that is mediated through alterations in the fidelity of splice-site pairing.
Immunological and Inflammatory Biomarkers of Susceptibility and Severity in Adult Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections (2020)

Factors determining susceptibility to and severity of RSV disease in adults have not been well defined. Respiratory mucosal antibodies and CD8+ T cells appear to contribute to preventing infection and modulation of disease severity. Studies of RSV pathogenesis in at-risk populations are needed.
Invited Commentary: Platelet and Clot Characteristics to Guide Antithrombotic Management in Patients with Polyvascular Disease (2022)

Journal of the American College of Surgeons 236(3):p 504-505, March 2023. | DOI: 10.1097/XCS.0000000000000493
Voting Operators in the Space of Choice Functions (1985)

Assuming the individual and collective opinions are given as choice functions, a new formalization of the voting problem is considered. The notions of a local functional operator and the closedness of domains in choice-functional space relative to local operators are introduced. The problem of voting is reduced to an analysis of three kinds of operator classes and their mutual relations. The functional analogues well known in the theory of Arrow's paradox results are established.
Line of laser systems for applications in the restoration yard and in the restorer's studio (2001)

The El.En. Group, presently the leading Italian industry in laser technology for biomedical applications, is developing since 1994 a line of laser systems for conservation. The design of such systems has been carried out in the frame of National and International research programs, with the cooperation of research centers working in the fields of laser physics, chemistry and geology, as well as with institutions for conservation that validated laser cleaning techniques in interventions on artworks. The production line dedicated to conservation is composed of solid-state devices emitting in the near and in the mid-IR spectrum, with emission characteristics that have been suitably optimized for various application purposes. In particular, for the treatment of stone surfaces we developed Nd:YAG systems with a suitably tailored pulse duration in the microsecond range, allowing effective and safe operations in the removal of superficial alterations. Two class of lasers are presently commercialized. The 200 class is mainly designed for applications in the conservation yard to clean architectural elements of facades, where the required cleaning productivity must be comparable with the one of micro- sandblasting. The 1000 class, much more compact and lightweight, is suited for applications in the restorer studio on statues.
Speciation and Characterization of Arsenic in Ketza River Mine Tailings Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2003)

Ketza River mine tailings deposited underwater and those exposed near the tailings impoundment contain approximately 4 wt % As. Column-leaching tests indicated the potential for high As releases from the tailings. The tailings are composed dominantly of iron oxyhydroxides, quartz, calcite, dolomite, muscovite, ferric arsenates, and calcium-iron arsenates. Arsenopyrite and pyrite are trace constituents. Chemical compositions of iron oxyhydroxide and arsenate minerals are highly variable. The XANES spectra indicate that arsenic occurs as As(V) in tailings, but air-drying prior to analysis may have oxidized lower-valent As. The EXAFS spectra indicate As-Fe distances of 3.35-3.36 A for the exposed tailings and 3.33-3.35 A for the saturated tailings with coordination numbers of 0.96-1.11 and 0.46-0.64, respectively. The As-Ca interatomic distances ranging from 4.15 to 4.18 A and the coordination numbers of 4.12-4.58 confirm the presence of calcium-iron arsenates in the tailings. These results suggest that ferric arsenates and inner-sphere corner sharing or bidentate-binuclear attachment of arsenate tetrahedra onto iron hydroxide octahedra are the dominant form of As in the tailings. EXAFS spectra indicate that the exposed tailings are richer in arsenate minerals whereas the saturated tailings are dominated by the iron oxyhydroxides, which could help explain the greater release of As from the exposed tailings during leaching tests. It is postulated that the dissolution of ferric arsenates during flow-through experiments caused the high As releases from both types of tailings. Arsenic tied to iron oxyhydroxides as adsorbed species are considered stable; however, iron oxyhydroxides having low Fe/As molar ratios may not be as stable. Continued As releases from the tailings are likely due to dissolution of both ferric and calcium-iron arsenates and desorption of As from high-As bearing iron oxyhydroxides during aging.
Area selective deposition of silicon by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using a fluorinated precursor (2020)

An Area Selective Deposition (ASD) process using Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) is demonstrated. Using a plasma chemistry containing a fluorinated silicon precursor (SiF4), no deposition is observed on an aluminum oxide (AlOX) surface area, whereas a thin film of silicon is deposited on a silicon nitride (SiNX) surface area, while both areas are located on the same crystalline silicon substrate. The thin film deposition is characterized using spectroscopic ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, showing that 10 nm of silicon is deposited on the SiNx in 4 min. The growth on the SiNX is characterized by small grains and a rough surface, consistent with microcrystalline silicon, while no deposition or etching is observed for the AlOX surface.
An information plane architecture supporting home network management (2011)

Home networks have evolved to become small-scale versions of enterprise networks. The tools for visualizing and managing such networks are primitive and continue to require networked systems expertise on the part of the home user. As a result, non-expert home users must manually manage non-obvious aspects of the network - e.g., MAC address filtering, network masks, and firewall rules, using these primitive tools. The Homework information plane architecture uses stream database concepts to generate derived events from streams of raw events. This supports a variety of visualization and monitoring techniques, and also enables construction of a closed-loop, policy-based management system. This paper describes the information plane architecture and its associated policy-based management infrastructure. Exemplar visualization and closed-loop management applications enabled by the resulting system (tuned to the skills of non-expert home users) are discussed.
Interventricular Differences in β‐Adrenergic Responses in the Canine Heart: Role of Phosphodiesterases (2014)

Canine RV and LV differ in their β-AR response due to intrinsic differences in myocyte β-AR downstream signaling. Enhanced β-AR responsiveness of the RV results from higher cAMP elevation in the cytoplasm, due to a decreased degradation by PDE3 and PDE4 in the RV compared to the LV.
Effect of Dietary Energy Intake during Lactation on Performance of Primiparous Sows and their Litters (1985)

A total of 146 primiparous sows was used in four replications of an experiment to investigate the effect of energy intake during a 28-d lactation on sow and litter performance. Dietary treatments consisted of three energy intakes; 10, 12 or 14 Mcal of metabolizable energy (ME) X sow-1 X d-1. All sows were fed equal amounts of crude protein, vitamins and minerals daily, which met or exceeded standard recommendations. The experiment was initiated at parturition. Sow weight and backfat loss during lactation decreased linearly (P less than .001) as energy intake increased. There were no differences in litter size at either 14 d of lactation or weaning. Pig weights on d 14 increased linearly (P less than .05) and litter weights tended to increase linearly (P = .13) as energy intake increased. At weaning, pig weights and litter weights increased (P less than .05) as sow energy intake increased. There were no significant differences in the percentages of sows in estrus by 7, 14, 21 and 70 d postweaning, but sows fed 10 Mcal ME/d had a slightly longer interval from weaning to first estrus than sows fed higher energy intakes. Serum urea concentrations of sows were inversely related to energy intake during lactation. Serum creatinine concentrations were not affected by energy intake. An intake of 10 Mcal ME/d by primiparous sows during a 28-d lactation resulted in reduced sow and litter performance; there was little difference between sows fed 12 and 14 Mcal ME/d.
Calculation of Dynamic Spinal Ligament Deformation (2006)

Accuracy of the present technique was equivalent to or greater than that of previous methods. The present technique utilized relatively cost-effective digital stereophotography, and may be used to calculate strain in ligaments not readily accessible for transducer application. The methodology has wide-spread applicability for analyses of dynamic or static spinal or other ligament strains, and may be used to determine spinal canal and intervertebral foramen narrowing and area reduction.
Multimode fiber amplifier with tunable modal gain using a reconfigurable multimode pump (2011)

We propose a method for controlling mode-dependent gain in a multimode Erbium-doped fiber amplifier by tuning the mode content of a multimode pump. The resulting device is suitable for mode-division multiplexed transmission.
Light Regulation of β-Tubulin Gene Expression during Internode Development in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> [L.] Merr.) (1989)

The relationship between tubulin gene expression and cell elongation was explored in developing internodes of Glycine max (L.) Merr., using light as a variable to alter the rate of elongation. First internodes of etiolated seedlings elongated two to three times more rapidly than did those of seedlings growing under a 12 hour diurnal light/dark cycle. Furthermore, light slowed or completely halted internode elongation in the etiolated seedlings, depending upon the age of the seedlings at the time of the light treatment. Steady state levels of beta-tubulin mRNA were determined in Northern blots and by solution hybridization of poly(A)(+)RNA with a probe derived from the coding region of a previously characterized soybean beta-tubulin gene. (MJ Guiltinan, DP Ma, RF Barker, MM Bustos, RJ Cyr, R Yadegari, DE Fosket [1987] Plant Mol Biol 10: 171-184). Internodes of light-grown seedlings exhibited levels of beta-tubulin mRNA that differed by a factor of three, and varied concomitantly with the elongation rate. Illumination of 10-day-old etiolated seedlings not only stopped first internode elongation, but also brought about a 80% decrease in the steady state level of beta-tubulin mRNA over the course of the subsequent 12 hours. This strong down regulation of beta-tubulin mRNA occurred without significant changes in the size of the soluble tubulin pool and it was accompanied by a marked increase in chlorophyll a/b binding protein mRNA.
Elevated Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels and Early Arterial Changes in Healthy Children (2002)

Objective— Elevated serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts cardiovascular events in adults. Because atherosclerosis begins in childhood, we undertook a study to determine whether changes in brachial artery endothelial function and the thickness of the carotid intima-media complex, 2 markers of early atherosclerosis, are related to CRP levels in healthy children. Methods and Results— Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured with ultrasound in 79 children (aged 10.5±1.1 years). Compared with the children with CRP levels under the detection limit (&lt;0.1 mg/L, n=40, group 1), the children with higher CRP (0.1 mg/L≤CRP≤0.7 mg/L, n=20, group 2; CRP &gt;0.7 mg/L, n=19, group 3) had lower FMD (9.0±4.4% versus 7.8±3.3% versus 6.5±2.6%, respectively; P =0.015 for trend) and greater carotid IMT (0.45±0.03 versus 0.46±0.04 versus 0.49±0.06 mm, respectively, P =0.002 for trend). CRP level remained a statistically significant independent predictor for brachial FMD and carotid IMT in multivariate analyses. Conclusions— These data suggest that CRP affects the arteries of healthy children by disturbing endothelial function and promoting intima-media thickening. The findings support the hypothesis that CRP plays a role in the pathogenesis of early atherosclerosis.
Nonlinear ultrasonic technique for the quantification of dislocation density in additive materials (2019)

This research applies nonlinear ultrasonic techniques for the quantitative characterization of additively manufactured materials. The characterization focuses on identifying the dislocation density produced during the additive constructive process in order to increase confidence on a part’s performance and the success of the manufacturing process. Second harmonic generation techniques based on the transmission of Rayleigh surface waves are used to measure the ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter, β, which has proven a quantitative indicator of dislocations but has not been fully proven in additive manufactured materials. 316L and 304L stainless steel parts made from Powder Bed Fusion and Laser Engineered Net Shaping are compared between AM techniques and with wrought manufactured counterparts. β is consistently higher for additive manufactured parts. An annealing heat treatment is applied to each specimen to reduce dislocation density. β expectedly decreases by annealing in all specimens. A linear ultrasonic measurement is made to evaluate the effectiveness of using nonlinear techniques. The ultrasonic attenuation is higher for additive manufactured parts and increases at higher frequencies.
Software Defined Doppler Radar for Landmine Detection using GA-Optimized Machine Learning (2020)

Using software defined radar (SDR) technology and modern machine learning algorithms, this paper demonstrates a software defined Doppler Radar(SDDRadar) system that can distinguish buried non-metallic landmine from other buried objects (rock, wood, etc.) with a high accuracy. In the sensing, the spectrum responses of different buried objects are collected using the SDDRadar. The vibration spectrum data are fed into a Random Forest where a Genetic Algorithm(GA) is designed to optimize the performance of the Random Forest. To leverage SDDRadar sensitivity, a clutter cancellation circuit is designed and integrated into the system. Two outdoor tests are performed under dry and wet soil conditions. For performance evaluation, the GA-optimized Random Forest is compared with other two machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression. As it turns out, the GA-optimized Random Forest has the best classification performance in terms of both precision and recall parameters.
A significant decrease in hemoglobin concentrations may predict occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (2020)

A significant decrease in HC is an independent risk factor for NEC and may predict the occurrence of NEC in preterm infants with sepsis.
Biomedical Devices based on Semiconductor Microelectronics Technologies (2011)

Recent development of biomedical devices based on microelectronics technologies are reviewed. Implantable biomedical devices are focused and discussed in detail. Two typical devices are demonstrated; one is for retinal prosthesis and the other is a deep brain implantable device. Future issues for implantable biomedical devices are addressed.
Influence Of Passive Heating On Physiological Responses To Different Body Hydration Levels In Healthy Men (2005)

At times humans are required to withstand high environmental heat stress in a passive manner. Depending on access to fluids, the physiological responses to this passive heat stress (PHS) may differ. PURPOSE To determine the effects of PHS on physiological responses of healthy men at three levels of body hydration. A secondary purpose was to compare ingestible temperature sensor (ITS) and rectal thermistor methods for measurement of core body temperature during PHS. METHODS Ten healthy men participated (mean ± SD, age: 28 ± 3 yrs; wgt: 80.7 ± 12.4 kg; % body fat: 17.2 ± 4.8 %; body surface area: 1.96 ± 0.13 m2). Each subject underwent 80 min of PHS (35 °C, 70 % RH, WBGT=30) with lower legs submersed in re-circulated water (∼43 °C) on 3 occasions. A dehydration trial (DT; no fluid intake) was always performed first followed by trials of forced (FT; 120% of dehydration in DT) and voluntary drinking (VT; ad libitum) of tap water. FT and VT were counterbalanced. During each session, heart rate (HR) and skin temperatures were recorded. Core body temperature was determined with a rectal thermistor and ITS. RESULTS Body hydration in each session was significantly (p<0.05) different than each other session and averaged −1.5 ± 0.5 % (DT), 0.7 ± 0.6 % (FT), and −0.6 ± 0.7 % (VT). HR increased by 40 ± 26 beats/min (DT), 21 ± 11 beats/min (FT), and 29 ± 12 beats/min (VT), with the smaller increases in FT and VT significantly (p<0.05) different than DT. The increase in forearm (∼4.5 °C) and anterior thigh (∼5.0 °C) temperature did not differ between trials. However, the increase in forehead temperature (3.0 ± 0.9 °C) during VT was greater than during FT (2.5 ± 0.8 °C). In each trial, rectal temperature (RT) increased from ∼37.1 °C at rest to 37.94 ± 0.47 °C (DT), 37.46 ± 0.25 °C (FT) and 37.88 ± 0.39 °C (VT) by the end of heat exposure. Although small, the absolute change in RT was significantly (p<0.05) attenuated during FT. RT correlated significantly with ITS (r=0.67, p<0.05). However, there was poor agreement between the two measures with ITS overestimating RT by 0.14 °C (±1SD=0.36°C). There were no differences between sessions in sweating rate, which averaged 0.84 ± 0.30 L/hour. CONCLUSION The results indicate that passive heating is associated with significant physiological alterations that can be minimized with either voluntary or forced fluid intake. Thus, humans exposed to high heat stress under passive conditions (e.g., fighter pilots, race car drivers) will benefit from access to fluids. Furthermore, ITS tracks changes in body temperature under conditions of PHS, but may not be an accurate surrogate for rectal temperature.
Clinical Implications of Basic Science Discoveries: Janus Resurrected—Two Faces of B Cell and Plasma Cell Biology (2014)

B cells play a complex role in the immune response. In addition to giving rise to plasma cells (PCs) and promoting T cell responses via antigen presentation, they perform immunoregulatory functions. This knowledge has created concerns regarding nonspecific B cell depletional therapy because of the potential to paradoxically augment immune responses. Recent studies now indicate that PCs have immune functions beyond immunoglobulin synthesis. Evidence for a new role for PCs as potent regulatory cells (via IL-10 and IL-35 production) is discussed including the implications for PC-targeted therapies currently being developed for clinical transplantation.
Femtosecond study of Xe-Cl2 reactions in clusters (1996)

The reaction of a xenon atom with a chlorine molecule has been studied in the femtosecond regime using the pump (395 nm) and probe (308 nm) technique in Xe-Cl2 clusters. The electronically excited reaction product XeCl was observed both after a simultaneous and a sequential (with a delay of ≊500 fs) absorption of the pump and probe photons.