gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Explosive bonding and its application in the advanced photon source front-end and beamline components design (1995)

Explosive bonding is a bonding method in which the controlled energy of a detonating explosive is used to create a metallurgical bonding between two or more similar or dissimilar materials. Since 1991, a number of explosive bonding joints have been designed for high-thermal-load ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) components in the Advanced Photon Source. A series of standardized explosive bonded joint units has also been designed and tested, such as oxygen-free copper (OFHC) to stainless-steel vacuum joints for slits and shutters, GlidCop (GlidCop is a trademark of SCM Metal Products, Inc.) to stainless-steel vacuum joints for fixed masks, and GlidCop to OFHC thermal and mechanical joints for shutter face plates, etc. The design and test results for the explosive bonding units to be used in the Advanced Photon Source front ends and beamlines will be discussed in this paper.
Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA (2021)

Novel biotechnology on transgenic plants capable of metabolizing phosphite (Phi), a reduced form of P, could improve the effectiveness of P fertilizers and reduce the P footprint in agriculture with the benefit of suppressing weed growth. However, potassium Phi (K-Phi) salts used as fertilizer are highly soluble in water. At the same time, sandy soils of the Southern Coastal Plain are vulnerable to leaching losses resulting from long-term Pi fertilizer application. We performed a replicated leaching trial using five soil materials that included three surface and two subsurface layers from cultivated topsoil (Ap horizon) with contrasting Phi and Pi sorption capacities. Each soil received three treatments K-Phi at rates 0 (control), 24, and 49 kg P ha−1 and leached twice with de-ionized water. All K-Phi-treated soils leached Phi except for the controls. A phosphorus saturation ratio (PSR) calculated from P, Al, and Fe in acid extracts indicated increasing environmental risk of Phi leaching in soils with lower Phi and Pi sorption capacities at rising rates of applied K-Phi. Because plants rapidly absorb Phi, further studies on the environmental impact of K-Phi fertilizer use should include the interaction of plants with soil properties and soil microbial activity at optimal Phi application rates for growing transgenic plants able to use Phi as a nutrient source.
Field Spectroscopy to Determine Nutritive Value Parameters of Individual Ryegrass Plants (2019)

The nutritive value (NV) of perennial ryegrass is an important driver of productivity for grazing stock; therefore, improving NV parameters would be beneficial to meat and dairy producers. NV is not actively targeted by most breeding programs due to NV measurement being prohibitively slow and expensive. Nondestructive spectroscopy has the potential to reduce the time and cost required to screen for NV parameters to make targeted breeding of NV practical. The application of a field spectrometer was trialed to gather canopy spectra of individual ryegrass plants to develop predictive models for eight NV parameters for breeding programs. The targeted NV parameters included acid detergent fibre, ash, crude protein, dry matter, in vivo dry matter digestibility, in vivo organic matter digestibility, neutral detergent fibre, and water-soluble carbohydrates. The models were developed with partial least square regression. Model predicted ranking of plants had R2 between (0.87 and 0.39) and lab rankings of highest preforming plants. The highest ranked plants, which are generally the selection target for breeding programs, were accurately identified with the canopy-based model at a speed, cost and accuracy that is promising for NV breeding programs.
A Case Study of Real-Time Integrated Formation Evaluation and Horizontal Wellbore Placement in a Thin-Bedded Reservoir (2013)

Abstract Many reservoirs in the Gulf of Guinea are sequences of permeable sands interbedded with variable proportions of silt and clay. The sands are typically permeable, but the silt and clay are not, determining a high degree of vertical heterogeneity. Some of these reservoirs are also highly depleted, with thin oil columns delimited by encroaching gas caps and aquifers. Horizontal wells are a proven way to produce mature reservoirs with high permeability contrast. However, the higher construction costs and technical complexity demand the utmost care in their placement. To this end, pilot holes are drilled in order to exactly identify the target zones. The task to precisely identify the sweet spots where to place the horizontal wellbore is sometimes challenging. For start, thin-beds reservoirs are traditionally difficult to evaluate quantitatively. This is especially true in depleted reservoirs, where hydrocarbons identification is complicated by their reduced volumes and corresponding diminished effect on typical logs. Fresh connate water increases the uncertainty of traditional resistivity-based saturation methods. The highly variable permeability complicates the task of acquiring and interpreting formation pressure. Lastly, operational reasons may prevent the use of wire-line-conveyed logging devices and associated methods. This paper presents a case where multiple formation evaluation challenges were addressed in real time and quasi-real time by the integrated interpretation of advanced logging-while-drilling (LWD) data.
Minkowski and Lyapunov Functions in Contractive Sets Characterization for Discrete-Time Linear Systems (2021)

The paper constructs a mathematically rigorous support for flow-invariance analysis of discrete-time linear system dynamics, with respect to a large family of contractive sets, considered in the comprehensive form of proper C-sets, exponentially decreasing with a certain rate. The first part develops a general algebraic point of view for invariance characterization, based on an inequality built in terms of Minkowski functions (which incorporates the classical Stein-Lyapunov inequality, as a particular case). The second part shows that the inequality with a general form can be addressed by set-embedding techniques that offer scenarios with a better numerical tractability – stated as optimization problems. The role of these techniques is illustrated by the applications presented in the final part; the applications refer to two important classes of contractive sets (which were separately reported in literature, without any connection between the embedding principles), namely, polyhedral sets, and symmetrical sets with arbitrary shapes.
High-Pressure Real-Gas Jet and Throttle Flow as a Simplified Gas Injector Model Using a Discontinuous Galerkin Method (2016)

Industrial devices such as gas injectors for automotive combustion engines operate at ever-increasing pressures and already today reach regimes beyond the ideal-gas approximation. Numerical simulations are an important part of the design process for such components. In this paper, we present a case study with a computational fluid dynamics code based on the discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method with a real-gas equation of state. We assess a high-pressure throttle and jet flow as a basic model of a gas injector. We apply a shock-capturing method to achieve a robust simulation, and a newly developed method to maintain high efficiency despite load imbalances introduced by the shock capturing. The results indicate a dynamic mass flow rate at different pressure ratios between the inlet and outlet.
Phonon-Assisted Exciton Polarization to Population Transfer in a 2D Semiconductor (2020)

Here we exploit transient reflectivity with sub-20fs temporal resolution to extract the exciton formation timescale from the build up of A/B exciton dynamics of 1L-MoS2. The timescale for this process ranges from ~15fs to ~35fs. © 2020 The Author(s)
No-Reference Video Quality Assessment Using Natural Spatiotemporal Scene Statistics (2020)

Robust spatiotemporal representations of natural videos have several applications including quality assessment, action recognition, object tracking etc. In this paper, we propose a video representation that is based on a parameterized statistical model for the spatiotemporal statistics of mean subtracted and contrast normalized (MSCN) coefficients of natural videos. Specifically, we propose an asymmetric generalized Gaussian distribution (AGGD) to model the statistics of MSCN coefficients of natural videos and their spatiotemporal Gabor bandpass filtered outputs. We then demonstrate that the AGGD model parameters serve as good representative features for distortion discrimination. Based on this observation, we propose a supervised learning approach using support vector regression (SVR) to address the no-reference video quality assessment (NRVQA) problem. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on publicly available video quality assessment (VQA) datasets with both traditional and in-capture/authentic distortions. We show that the proposed algorithm delivers competitive performance on traditional (synthetic) distortions and acceptable performance on authentic distortions. The code for our algorithm will be released at https://www.iith.ac.in/~lfovia/downloads.html.
An Evaluation Method for Ductile Crack Propagation in Pre-strained Plates (1996)

In crack propagation analyses of ship side outer platings subjected to collision load, effect of prestrain on crack propagation behavior should be clarified because not a few plastic deformation is usually generated on outer platings before crack initiation. And crack propagation simulation methods using a coarse mesh FEM model would be required in ship collision analysis owing to a huge numerical simulation model.In this paper, pre-strain effect on crack propagation behavior was investigated with tensile tests of center notched plates whose pre-strains were 0.0, 0.15 and 0.3. In the experiment crack tip opening angles measured from grid line deformation drawn on the specimens were obtained for each pre-strain level and were verified to be a useful parameter for crack propagation simulation by performing FEM analyses of the experiment. Then a practical FEM simulation method for crack propagation, which includes the finite element size effect, was proposed.
OBC Systems for Imaging in Challanged Environments - Results and Remaining Challanges (2007)

A suite of tests were preformed in the Gulf of Mexico to evaluate the ability of conventional air gun arrays to generate low frequency energy. The tests utilized a MEMS OBC system to record the data generated by various air gun configurations. This presentation reports on the acoustic blanket configuration used with a deep air gun array.
Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents (2001)

Localization of the Ras oncoproteins to the inner surface of the plasma membrane is essential for their biological activity. This observation suggested that the enzyme that mediates the membrane localization, farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase), would be a target for the development of novel anti-cancer agents. We have developed potent, cell-active inhibitors of FTase that exhibit antiproliferative activity in cell culture and block the morphological alterations associated with Ras-induced transformation of mammalian cells in monolayer cultures. In vivo, these compounds block the growth of ras-transformed fibroblasts in a nude mouse xenograft model and block the growth and in some cases cause regression of mammary and salivary tumors in several strains of ras transgenic mice in the absence of any detectable side effects. The results of our preclinical studies and those of others suggest that FTIs may have utility against a variety of human cancers, a hypothesis that is currently being tested in the clinic.
Regioselectively Functionalized Cellulose Derivatives: A Mini Review (2006)

Abstract Summary: The paper reviews recent developments in synthesis and characterization of regioselectively functionalized cellulose derivatives. It demonstrates the importance of protecting groups like triphenylmethyl‐ and thexyldimethylsilyl (TDMS) ethers in cellulose chemistry. The protected cellulose derivatives can be used for the preparation of 2,3‐ O ‐functionalized polymers. Moreover, the TDMS group opens up the synthesis of 3‐ O ‐ethers of cellulose that possess interesting properties in terms of structure in solution, water‐solubility, and thermoreversible gelation.
GUM Analysis for SIMS Isotopic Ratios in BEP0 Graphite Qualification Samples, Round 2 (2009)

This report describes GUM calculations for TIMS and SIMS isotopic ratio measurements of reactor graphite samples. These isotopic ratios are used to estimate reactor burn-up, and currently consist of various ratios of U, Pu, and Boron impurities in the graphite samples. The GUM calculation is a propagation of error methodology that assigns uncertainties (in the form of standard error and confidence bound) to the final estimates.
Methods and apparatuses for reagent delivery, reactive barrier formation, and pest control (2023)

A reagent delivery method includes positioning reagent delivery tubes in contact with soil. The tubes can include a wall that is permeable to a soil-modifying reagent. The method further includes supplying the reagent in the tubes, diffusing the reagent through the permeable wall and into the soil, and chemically modifying a selected component of the soil using the reagent. The tubes can be in subsurface contact with soil, including groundwater, and can be placed with directional drilling equipment independent of groundwater well casings. The soil-modifying reagent includes a variety of gases, liquids, colloids, and adsorbents that may be reactive or non-reactive with soil components. The method may be used inter alia to form reactive barriers, control pests, and enhance soil nutrients for microbes and plants.
Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals A JAGN1 Mutation in a Syndromic Child With Intermittent Neutropenia (2018)

The patient extends the clinical variability associated to JAGN1 mutations, and this case highlights the importance of genetic investigations in patients with suspected neutropenia.
A Blind Deconvolution Approach for Improving the Resolution of Cryo-EM Density Maps (2011)

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) plays an increasingly prominent role in structure elucidation of macromolecular assemblies. Advances in experimental instrumentation and computational power have spawned numerous cryo-EM studies of large biomolecular complexes resulting in the reconstruction of three-dimensional density maps at intermediate and low resolution. In this resolution range, identification and interpretation of structural elements and modeling of biomolecular structure with atomic detail becomes problematic. In this article, we present a novel algorithm that enhances the resolution of intermediate- and low-resolution density maps. Our underlying assumption is to model the low-resolution density map as a blurred and possibly noise-corrupted version of an unknown high-resolution map that we seek to recover by deconvolution. By exploiting the nonnegativity of both the high-resolution map and blur kernel, we derive multiplicative updates reminiscent of those used in nonnegative matrix factorization. Our framework allows for easy incorporation of additional prior knowledge such as smoothness and sparseness, on both the sharpened density map and the blur kernel. A probabilistic formulation enables us to derive updates for the hyperparameters; therefore, our approach has no parameter that needs adjustment. We apply the algorithm to simulated three-dimensional electron microscopic data. We show that our method provides better resolved density maps when compared with B-factor sharpening, especially in the presence of noise. Moreover, our method can use additional information provided by homologous structures, which helps to improve the resolution even further.
Red light emission properties of porous silicon (2002)

The discovery of visible luminescence from porous silicon has generated significant interest, in view of the fact that bulk silicon does not emit light in the visible part of the spectrum. This material differs from bulk silicon in one important way, that is, it consists of interconnected silicon structures, which in some cases are on the order of several nanometers, having a very large surface to volume ratios, Thus, in a material such as this, both the effect of particle size and surfaces must be examined in order to determine the optical behavior of this system. The mechanism leading to intense room temperature visible photoluminescence (PL) exhibited by porous silicon (PoSi) is still a source of controversy. Although significant data on PoSi exist, no single model has been able to consistently explain all the results. The authors discuss the competing models for the source of the luminescence.
Microwave Assisted Processing of Ceramics (2004)

Microwave heating can provide cost and time effective processing routes for ceramic systems. Microwave heating assisted drying of green compacts, low temperature sintering of certain oxides, and partial or complete nitridization, carburization or reduction of hemi-oxides have been attempted recently. Using a multi-mode microwave cavity, we were able to reduce MeOx (where Me = Cu and Ag) to their sub-oxides or base metal at close to room temperature within minutes. The product sub-oxides or metals were identified and characterized for their crystallinity and phase purity. The results suggest that the microwave heating can provide an alternative, cost effective route for alloying for certain metals. The criteria for effectiveness of microwave heating and the coupling between the materials and the electromagnetic wave are discussed.
Depletion of Deoxyribonucleotide Pools Is an Endogenous Source of DNA Damage in Cells Undergoing Oncogene-Induced Senescence (2012)

In normal human cells, oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) depends on induction of DNA damage response. Oxidative stress and hyperreplication of genomic DNA have been proposed as major causes of DNA damage in OIS cells. Here, we report that down-regulation of deoxyribonucleoside pools is another endogenous source of DNA damage in normal human fibroblasts (NHFs) undergoing HRAS(G12V)-induced senescence. NHF-HRAS(G12V) cells underexpressed thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RR), two enzymes required for the entire de novo deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, and possessed low dNTP levels. Chromatin at the promoters of the genes encoding TS and RR was enriched with retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and histone H3 tri-methylated at lysine 9. Importantly, ectopic coexpression of TS and RR or addition of deoxyribonucleosides substantially suppressed DNA damage, senescence-associated phenotypes, and proliferation arrest in two types of NHF-expressing HRAS(G12V). Reciprocally, short hairpin RNA-mediated suppression of TS and RR caused DNA damage and senescence in NHFs, although less efficiently than HRAS(G12V). However, overexpression of TS and RR in quiescent NHFs did not overcome proliferation arrest, suggesting that unlike quiescence, OIS requires depletion of dNTP pools and activated DNA replication. Our data identify a previously unknown role of deoxyribonucleotides in regulation of OIS.
Design and Analysis of a 34 dBm Ka-Band GaN High Power Amplifier MMIC (2006)

This paper presents the design and analysis issues related to the use of recent GaN technologies for realizing high power millimeter wave MMICs. Two GaN Ka-band amplifier MMICs have been designed, fabricated and characterized. The small-signal and power measurement results are presented for both amplifiers, with an excellent output power of 34.1 dBm at 27 GHz for the 2-stage power amplifier MMIC. Both MMICs have a very good yield and performance, even more so in regard of the current state-of-the-art. The observed deviations between the original simulation and measurements have been explained by extensive use of 3D EM simulations of the coplanar passive structures
Chemical and Reactive Transport Processes Associated with Hydraulic Fracturing of Unconventional Oil/Gas Shales (2022)

Hydraulic fracturing of unconventional oil/gas shales has changed the energy landscape of the U.S. Recovery of hydrocarbons from tight, hydraulically fractured shales is a highly inefficient process, with estimated recoveries of <25% for natural gas and <5% for oil. This review focuses on the complex chemical interactions of additives in hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF) with minerals and organic matter in oil/gas shales. These interactions are intended to increase hydrocarbon recovery by increasing porosities and permeabilities of tight shales. However, fluid-shale interactions result in the dissolution of shale minerals and the release and transport of chemical components. They also result in mineral precipitation in the shale matrix, which can reduce permeability, porosity, and hydrocarbon recovery. Competition between mineral dissolution and mineral precipitation processes influences the amounts of oil and gas recovered. We review the temporal/spatial origins and distribution of unconventional oil/gas shales from mudstones and shales, followed by discussion of their global and U.S. distributions and compositional differences from different U.S. sedimentary basins. We discuss the major types of chemical additives in HFF with their intended purposes, including drilling muds. Fracture distribution, porosity, permeability, and the identity and molecular-level speciation of minerals and organic matter in oil/gas shales throughout the hydraulic fracturing process are discussed. Also discussed are analysis methods used in characterizing oil/gas shales before and after hydraulic fracturing, including permeametry and porosimetry measurements, X-ray diffraction/Rietveld refinement, X-ray computed tomography, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, and laboratory- and synchrotron-based imaging/spectroscopic methods. Reactive transport and spatial scaling are discussed in some detail in order to relate fundamental molecular-scale processes to fluid transport. Our review concludes with a discussion of potential environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing and important knowledge gaps that must be bridged to achieve improved mechanistic understanding of fluid transport in oil/gas shales.
A Doherty amplifier for TD-SCDMA base station applications based on a single packaged dual-path integrated LDMOS power transistor (2010)

A Doherty power amplifier designed for TDSCDMA base station applications using a dual path two-stage IC with LDMOS technology has been demonstrated with excellent performance. The IC was fabricated using Freescale HV7IC technology and designed to cover both the 1.88-1.92 GHz and the 2.01-2.025 GHz TD-SCDMA bands. It delivers 70 W P3dB output power under CW signal. At 40 dBm output power or 8.5 dB output back off at P3dB gain compression, the Doherty power amplifier exhibits 30.2 dB power gain, 35.4% power added efficiency and -32.5 dBc raw ACPR under 7.1 dB PAR TDSCDMA modulation in the 2.01-2.025 GHz band. A -52.8 dBc ACPR was obtained after digital pre-distortion. This is the first Doherty power amplifier for the TD-SCDMA applications using a single dual-path integrated power transistor in over-molded plastic package reported to date.