gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Client Clustering and Joint Multistream FEC Rate Allocation in IPTV Systems (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of clustering heterogeneous clients in IPTV services over lossy networks. The delivery of the same stream to clients with different capabilities or access networks is surely suboptimal in terms of average quality for the population of receivers. Instead, we propose that the streaming servers deliver distinct multicast streams to different subsets of clients. We formulate an optimization problem where the receivers are clustered depending on the quality of their connection so that the average video quality in the IPTV system is maximized. Then we propose a novel algorithm for determining optimally the clusters, as well as the source and channel rate allocation in each of the clusters. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to maximize the average quality in the system when each of the servers transmits information to a distinct cluster. In particular, we show that the proposed solution outperforms baseline schemes that serve all clients with the same multicast stream, as it is commonly the case in practical systems.
Dynamics of the cytoskeleton: How much does water matter? (2011)

The principal constituent of the living cell is water. The role of the hydration shell and bulk H(2)O solvent is well recognized in the dynamics of isolated proteins, but the role of water in the dynamics of the integrated living cytoskeleton (CSK) remains obscure. Here we report a direct connection of dynamics of water to dynamics of the integrated CSK. The latter are known to be scale-free and to hinge upon a frequency f(0) that is roughly invariant across cell types. Although f(0) is comparable in magnitude to the rotational relaxation frequency of water (gigahertz range), the physical basis of f(0) remains unknown. Using the human airway smooth muscle cell as a model system, we show here that replacing water acutely with deuterium oxide impacts CSK dynamics in major ways, slowing CSK remodeling dynamics appreciably, and lowering f(0) by up to four orders of magnitude. Although these observations do not distinguish contributions of bulk solvent versus hydration shell, they suggest a unifying hypothesis, namely, that dynamics of integrated CSK networks are slaved in a direct fashion to fluctuations arising in intracellular water.
Regional Variations in the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and the Intracellular Distribution of Water in Rat Brain During Acute Focal Ischemia (2001)

The initial lowering of ADC during focal ischemia probably is the result of not only the acute loss of extracellular fluid and concomitant swelling of various cellular compartments but also concurrent neuronal shrinkage.
Good fonts for dyslexia (2013)

Around 10% of the people have dyslexia, a neurological disability that impairs a person's ability to read and write. There is evidence that the presentation of the text has a significant effect on a text's accessibility for people with dyslexia. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no experiments that objectively measure the impact of the font type on reading performance. In this paper, we present the first experiment that uses eye-tracking to measure the effect of font type on reading speed. Using a within-subject design, 48 subjects with dyslexia read 12 texts with 12 different fonts. Sans serif, monospaced and roman font styles significantly improved the reading performance over serif, proportional and italic fonts. On the basis of our results, we present a set of more accessible fonts for people with dyslexia.
Applications of immunomagnetic capture and time-resolved fluorescence to detect outbreak Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella in alfalfa sprouts (2004)

Commercially available alfalfa seeds were inoculated with low levels (~ 4 CFU/g) of pathogenic bacteria. The inoculated seeds were then allowed to sprout in sterile tap water at 22°C. After 48 hours, the irrigation water and sprouts were separately transferred to bovine heart infusion (BHI) media. The microbes in the BHI samples were allowed to grow for 4 hours at 37°C and 160 rpm. Specific immunomagnetic beads (IMB) were then applied to capture the E.coli O157 and/or Salmonella in the growth media. Separation and concentration of IMB-captured pathogens were achieved using magnetic separators. The captured E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp were further tagged with europium (Eu) labeled anti-E. coli O157 antibodies and samarium (Sm) labeled anti-Salmonella antibodies, respectively. After washing, the lanthanide labels were extracted out from the complexes by specific chelators to form strongly fluorescent chelates. The specific time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) associated with Eu or Sm was measured to estimate the extent of capture of the E. coli O157 and Salmonella, respectively. The results indicated that the approach could detect E. coli O157 and Salmonella enterica from the seeds inoculated with ~ 4 CFU/g of the pathogens. Non-targeted bacteria, e.g., Aeromonas and Citrobacter exhibited essentially no cross reactivity. Since the pathogen detection from the sprouts was achieved within 6 hours, the developed methodology could be use as a rapid, sensitive and specific screening process for E. coli O157 and Salmonella enterica in this popular salad food.
Transverse mode instabilities in burst operation of high-power fiber laser systems (2018)

We propose, to the best of our knowledge, the first mitigation strategy for TMI based on controlling the phase shift between the thermally-induced index grating and the modal intensity pattern. In particular, in this work we present a study of transverse mode instabilities in burst operation in a high-power fiber laser system. It is shown that, with a careful choice of the parameters, this operation regime can potentially lead to the mitigation of TMI by forcing an energy transfer from the higher-order-modes into the fundamental mode during the burst.
Heterogeneous stacking silicon controlled rectifier design with improved ESD performance (2017)

A novel design consisting of a heterogeneous stacking of silicon control rectifier is proposed in this paper. A latch-up free design in a high voltage BCDMOS process is demonstrated. Structures based on this method are compared with conventionally stacked SCR structure. Comprehensive characterization, including DC and transmission line pulsing (TLP), is undertaken to demonstrate the performance.
A new antitumor substance, BE-13793C, produced by a streptomycete. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure determination and biological activity. (1991)

A new antitumor substance, BE-13793C, which has topoisomerase inhibitory activity was isolated from the culture broth of a strain of actinomycetes. The producing strain, BA13793, isolated from a soil sample collected in Seto, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, had a resemblance to Streptoverticillium mobaraense. The active principle was extracted from the mycelium of strain BA 13793 with methanol and purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. BE-13793C showed strong inhibitory activity against topoisomerases I and II and inhibited the growth of doxorubicin-resistant or vincristine-resistant P388 murine leukemia cell lines, as well as their parent P388 cell line.
Surface Mechanical Properties and Topological Characteristics of Thermoplastic Copolyesters after Precisely Controlled Abrasion (2023)

Due to the high probability of surface-to-surface contact of materials during routine applications, surface abrasion remains one of the most challenging factors governing the long-term performance of polymeric materials due to their broad range of tunable mechanical properties, as well as the varied conditions of abrasion (regarding, <i>e.g.</i>, rate, load, and contact area). While this concept is empirically mature, a fundamental understanding of mechanical abrasion regarding thermoplastics remains lacking even though polymer abrasion can inadvertently lead to the formation of nano-/microplastics. In the present study, we introduce the concept of precision polymer abrasion (PPA) in conjunction with nanoindentation to elucidate the extent to which controlled wear is experienced by three chemically related thermoplastics under systematically varied abrasion conditions. While depth profiling of one polymer reveals a probe-dependent change in modulus, complementary results from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy confirm that the polymer density changes measurably, but not appreciably, with depth over the depth range explored. After a single PPA pass, the surface moduli of the polymers noticeably increase, whereas the corresponding increase in hardness is modest. The dependence of wear volume on the number of PPA passes is observed to reach limiting values for two of the thermoplastics, and application of an empirical model to the data yields estimates of these values for all three thermoplastics. These results suggest that the metrics commonly employed to describe the surface abrasion of polymers requires careful consideration of a host of underlying factors.
Checks and balances: constraint solving without surprises in object-constraint programming languages (2015)

Object-constraint programming systems integrate declarative constraint solving with imperative, object-oriented languages, seamlessly providing the power of both paradigms. However, experience with object-constraint systems has shown that giving too much power to the constraint solver opens up the potential for solutions that are surprising and unintended as well as for complex interactions between constraints and imperative code. On the other hand, systems that overly limit the power of the solver, for example by disallowing constraints involving mutable objects, object identity, or polymorphic message sends, run the risk of excluding the core object-oriented features of the language from the constraint part, and consequently not being able to express declaratively a large set of interesting problem solutions. In this paper we present design principles that tame the power of the constraint solver in object-constraint languages to avoid difficult corner cases and surprising solutions while retaining the key features of the approach, including constraints over mutable objects, constraints involving object identity, and constraints on the results of message sends. We present our solution concretely in the context of the Babelsberg object-constraint language framework, providing both an informal description of the resulting language and a formal semantics for a core subset of it. We validate the utility of this semantics with an executable version that allows us to run test programs and to verify that they provide the same results as existing implementations of Babelsberg in JavaScript, Ruby, and Smalltalk.
Real-time detection of neurotransmitter release and its spatial distribution (2003)

Neurotransmitters have been well known as information carriers for a long time. Recently, some of the research indicated their neurotoxicity, while some indicated their neurotrophic actions. It is very important to understand the role of neurotransmitters. Glutamate is one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. We developed a novel measurement method for glutamate. The method we describe here is based on the enzyme-mediated electrochemical detection. Glutamate oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were deposited together with polymer-mediator on the electrode. We applied this idea on ITO multi-array electrode and developed a 64 channel multi-array sensor. The sensor permits us to detect glutamate release from multiple regions simultaneously in real time. As it is possible to illustrate the distribution of glutamate release, the sensor could be used not only in the pharmacological field, but also in medical treatment in the near future.
Design of a gas-solid vortex reactor demonstration unit for the fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (2016)

Nitrogen 800 -900K 5.0 -10 g/s Biomass d pmax 1.0 mm 0.14 -1.1 g/s Gas-solid 723 -773K
A New Class of High Affinity Thyromimetics Containing a Phenyl‐naphthylene Core. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Characterization of mouse MAGE‐derived H‐2K<sup>b</sup>‐restricted CTL epitopes (2004)

Immunogenic peptide epitopes from tumor-associated antigens serve as targets for cellular immune responses in numerous clinical trials for therapeutic vaccinations. From these it became evident that prevailing questions can only be addressed in animal models. Hence, problems arise from the fact that while for human melanoma many different immunogenic peptide epitopes are known, for mouse melanoma the available selection is very restricted. To overcome this limitation, we applied reverse immunology to identify Kb-restricted epitopes derived of mouse MAGE. Two epitopes which bind strongly to Kb were selected to test for their immunogenicity in vivo. Spleen cells from mice vaccinated by intradermal injection of mature dendritic cells pulsed with these peptides displayed reactivity to the respective epitopes as measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assays and tetramer staining. The processing and presentation of these epitopes was evident by the killing of melanoma cells by the vaccination-induced T cells. Moreover, intravenous challenge with syngeneic melanoma cells demonstrated the protective immunity induced by this vaccination. In summary, we demonstrate the immunogenicity of two Kb-restricted peptide epitopes derived from mouse MAGE proteins which may serve as valuable tool for preclinical evaluation of vaccination strategies.
Experimenteller Einsatz von Plasmaexpandern und dem Helix-HydroJet zur Vorbereitung endoskopischer Mukosaresektion (2006)

Hintergrund: Um die endoskopische Mukosaresektion auch breitbasiger flacher Läsionen des Magendarmtraktes zu ermöglichen, wurden in jüngster Zeit zahlreiche neue Techniken beschrieben. Während einige Arbeitsgruppen verschiedene Substanzen zur Unterspritzung flacher Läsionen untersuchten, haben andere Schneidetechniken und instrumente weiterentwickelt. Die kürzlich von uns beschriebene Möglichkeit, mit einem Wasserstrahldissektor (Helix HydroJet) selektiv eine Flüssigkeitseinlagerung in die Lamina submucosa zu bewirken, soll nun mit der Anwendung verschiedener, insbesondere plasmaexpandierender Substanzen kombiniert und in ihrer Wirkung verglichen werden.
Actividad antioxidante y contenido fenólico de los extractos provenientes de las bayas de dos especies del género vismia (Guttiferae) (2008)

El material vegetal resultante del secado y molienda de las bayas de Vismia baccifera ssp. ferruginea y V. guianensis colectado en el Parque Regional Arvi (Antioquia, Col.), se extrajo mediante percolacion sucesiva con eter de petroleo, acetato de etilo y metanol. A los extractos se les determino el rendimiento, contenido de fenoles totales y la capacidad captadora de radicales mediante los metodos de decoloracion del DPPH• y ABTS•+. La mayor actividad captadora de radicales y el mas alto contenido de compuestos fenolicos correspondieron al extracto en acetato de etilo, seguido por el de eter de petroleo. Mediante sucesivos fraccionamientos cromatograficos de los extractos activos se aislaron, los antranoides prenilados ferruginina A (1) y γ-hidroxiferruginina (2), y la antraquinona vismiaquinona A (3), cuya elucidacion estructural fue llevada a cabo por metodos espectroscopicos y por comparacion con los datos reportados en la literatura. Los datos obtenidos en los modelos in vitro establecen claramente el potencial antioxidante de los extractos de Vismia baccifera ssp. ferruginea y V. guianensis ; esta actividad posiblemente esta asociada con las caracteristicas quimicas de los metabolitos aislados.
Characterization of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors Based on Hydrophobicity and Molecular Size (2007)

Natural organic matter (NOM) from five water sources was fractionated using XAD resins and ultrafiltration membranes into different groups based on hydrophobicity and molecular weight (MW), respectively. The disinfection byproduct formation from each fraction during chlorination and chloramination was studied. In tests using chlorination, hydrophobic and high MW (e.g., >0.5 kDa) precursors produced more unknown total organic halogen (UTOX) than corresponding hydrophilic and low MW (e.g., <0.5 kDa) precursors. Trihaloacetic acid (THAA) precursors were more hydrophobic than trihalomethane (THM) precursors. The formation of THM and THAA was similar among different fractions for a water with low humic content. Hydrophilic and low MW (<0.5 kDa) NOM fractions gave the highest dihaloacetic acid (DHAA) yields. No significant difference was found for DHAA formation among different NOM fractions during chloramination. Increasing pH from 6 to 9 led to lower TOX formation for hydrophobic and high MW NOM fractions but had little impact on TOX yields from hydrophilic and low MW fractions. Bromine and iodine were more reactive with hydrophilic and low MW precursors as measured by THM or HAA formation than their corresponding hydrophobic and high MW precursors. However, hydrophobic and high MW precursors produced more UTOX when reacting with bromine and iodine.
Correlation Between Hydrolysis and the Ultimate Mechanical Properties of Polyamides in Offshore Conditions (2009)

Knowledge of mechanical properties of polymers used in the field of very technical applications is crucial for guaranteeing the safety of those applications. This is particularly true for pressure sheaths of offshore flexible pipes. For polyamide 11 (PA-11), which has been used for 30 years in the field of oil &amp; gas applications, the decrease of its mechanical properties due to hydrolysis can be monitored by the decrease of the molecular weight, or Corrected Inherent Viscosity (CIV). According to API 17TR2 a design limit of CIV = 1.2 has been established for the use of PA-11 in dynamic applications. This design limit includes a safety factor, related to the kinetics of the molecular weight decrease of the PA-11, between CIV = 1.2 and the end of life criteria (CIV = 1.05). We show, in this paper, that this kinetic shall be established with tests enabling to precisely determine the near-equilibrium CIV value. This supposes sufficiently long-term ageing experiments at high temperatures. As a consequence, for any new polyamide, the time to reach the CIV of 1.2 can’t be considered as a sufficient design factor. Moreover, the safety factor for a new polyamide should be carefully estimated. Therefore, the complete characterization of the mechanical behaviour should be done in relation with the ageing time and temperature. Only at this condition, one can expect to be able to establish a new and correct end of life criterion for a new polyamide based on mechanics. In a second time, this criterion could be linked to some physico-chemical parameters. We point out that the maximum elongation evolution of the material with the molecular weight couldn’t be considered as sufficiently precise to conclude about the mechanical resistance of the aged material for flexible pipe application. We thus present in this paper a new mechanical protocol.
Optimal Joint TDPA Formulation for Kinematically Redundant Robot Manipulators (2022)

The accomplishment of a successful teleoperation task requires guaranteeing system stability and transparency. Communication delay (in particular variable time delay), quantization and discretization negatively affect system stability and might be overcome with Time Domain Passivity Approach (TDPA), a model-free and robust way to cope with energy injection due to communication delay. However, this method degrades the transparency of the teleoperation system and worsens tracking performance, introducing in particular position drift error at the slave side and high frequency vibration (jittering) at the master side. In this work, we propose a new joint passivity controller formulation for kinematically redundant manipulators. Our approach stabilizes the system guaranteeing minimal performance loss by privileging the dissipation of the observed energy in the Jacobian null-space. The residual energy (if any) is dissipated in an orthogonal subspace. This is achieved by the solution of an optimization problem with appropriately defined cost functions and constrained to dissipate the energy observed by the passivity observer, guaranteeing the stability of the system. The effectiveness of our algorithm is tested in simulation with both constant and variable time delays.
Post-identification of Cancer Stem Cell: Ethical and Scientific Dilemmas in Therapeutic Development? (2011)

Any discussion on cancer biology, directly or indirectly, includes stem cells, in particular, tumor initiating cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Also, of importance are tissue-specific stem cells since these cells could be the source of the original tumor. The existence of cancer stem cells is mostly accepted by the scientific community [1,2]. The future of this field, however, could be a problem, depending on how academia, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies use the information towards cancer eradication. Scientists in academia are focused on the basic science to identify the hierarchy of cancer cell subsets; biotechnology is also involved in the basic science, but these companies are mindful of commercial benefits. Pharmaceutical companies, on the other hand, are interested in targeting the cancer cells to achieve cell death. While, on the surface this seems to be ideal, it could also be a dilemma for targeting cancer stem cells.
Abstract 141: Inhibition of Coagulation Factor Xa Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice (2017)

Background: Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury substantially effects the outcome of myocardial infarction (MI). Current reperfusion therapy does not sufficiently prevent injury caused by microvascular thrombo-inflammation. Coagulation proteases mediate inflammation via protease activated receptors. FXa induced thrombin generation is the key step in the coagulation cascade. We hypothesize that inhibition of FXa by rivaroxaban attenuates I/R injury after MI. Methods: Male WT c57BL/6 mice (age 8-9 weeks, n=8 per group) underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery 7 days prior to experimentation. Next, the ligature was tightened for 1h to induce ischemia and loosened either at 4h (early), or at 4 weeks (late), to allow reperfusion. The intervention consisted of 2 rivaroxaban (1.6 mg/kg) i.v.-injections or placebo (0.9%NaCl) after 15min of ischemia and 5min of reperfusion. In the early model. the area at risk (AAR) was visualized through Evans blue and differentiated from the area of infarction (AOI) through triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Plasma cardiovascular markers were quantified using Luminex Multiplex. In the late model, LVEF was measured 10min pre-ischemia and 4 weeks’ post-reperfusion utilizing echocardiography. Results: The rivaroxaban treatment group showed signs of diminished myocardial damage as indicated by reduced median AOI/AAR (41%[IQR34-48] vs. control 62%[IQR52-67] p&lt;0.001). This was supported by a better preserved LVEF after 4 weeks of reperfusion (25%[IQR19-31] vs. control (16%[IQR12-21]). Although not significantly different, plasma E-Selectin, PECAM-1, PAI-1, proMMP9, and thrombomodulin showed a trend to increased levels upon treatment with rivaroxaban. Conclusion: FXa inhibition by rivaroxaban significantly reduces myocardial I/R injury in mice and may provide long term preservation of LVEF. Raised cardiovascular markers suggest increased tissue remodeling and phenotypical alteration of endothelial cells after rivaroxaban treatment. These results suggest that coagulation proteases (i.e. FXa) play a relevant role in I/R injury during MI, most likely through activation of protease activated receptors.