gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AdipoR agonist increases insulin sensitivity and exercise endurance in AdipoR-humanized mice (2021)

Abstract Adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 exert anti-diabetic effects. Although muscle-specific disruption of AdipoR1 has been shown to result in decreased insulin sensitivity and decreased exercise endurance, it remains to be determined whether upregulation of AdipoR1 could reverse them in obese diabetic mice. Here, we show that muscle-specific expression of human AdipoR1 increased expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress-detoxification to almost the same extents as treadmill exercise, and concomitantly increased insulin sensitivity and exercise endurance in obese diabetic mice. Moreover, we created AdipoR-humanized mice which express human AdipoR1 in muscle of AdipoR1·R2 double-knockout mice. Most importantly, the small-molecule AdipoR agonist AdipoRon could exert its beneficial effects in muscle via human AdipoR, and increased insulin sensitivity and exercise endurance in AdipoR-humanized mice. This study suggests that expression of human AdipoR1 in skeletal muscle could be exercise-mimetics, and that AdipoRon could exert its beneficial effects via human AdipoR1.
Erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase measured by a differential pH technique. (1987)

We propose a new quantitative electrochemical method for determining glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) activity in purified erythrocytes or in whole blood, based on measurement of the pH change caused by oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconic acid, with simultaneous reduction of NADP+ to NADPH + H+. No sample pretreatment (e.g., preparation of hemolysate) is needed, and the automatic correction for sample blanks obviates interference from 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44). The method is simple and fast, and the standard curve is linear to at least 2200 U/L at 37 degrees C. The within-day CV was 3.9% for activities in healthy individuals (mean value 1204 U/L), and 10% for deficient ones (classified as belonging to class II, mean value 407 U/L). Results (y) correlated well with those obtained with the WHO-recommended method (x): y = 1.13x + 0.02 (r = 0.971) for purified erythrocytes. Normal reference intervals are reported for the enzyme in purified erythrocytes and in whole blood.
Self-grafting copper oxide nanoparticles show a strong enhancement of their anti-algal and anti-yeast action (2019)

We have developed and tested copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) grafted with (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GLYMO) and coupled with 4-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (4-HPBA), which provides a very strong boost of their action as anti-algal and anti-yeast agents. The boronic acid terminal groups on the surface of the CuONPs/GLYMO/4-HPBA can form reversible covalent bonds with the diol groups of glycoproteins and carbohydrates expressed on the cell surface where they bind and accumulate, which is not based on electrostatic adhesion. Results showed that, the impact of the 4-HPBA grafted CuONPs on microalgae (<i>C. reinhardtii</i>) and yeast (<i>S. cerevisiae</i>) is several hundred percent higher than that of bare CuONPs and CuONPs/GLYMO at the same particle concentration. SEM and TEM imaging revealed that 4-HPBA-functionalized CuONPs nanoparticles can accumulate more on the cell walls than non-functionalized CuONPs. We found a marked increase of the 4-HPBA functionalized CuONPs action on these microorganisms at shorter incubation times compared with the bare CuONPs at the same conditions. We also showed that the anti-algal action of CuONPs/GLYMO/4-HPBA can be controlled by the concentration of glucose in the media and that the effect is reversible as glucose competes with the diol residues on the algal cell walls for the HPBA groups on the CuONPs. Our experiments with human cell lines incubated with CuONPs/GLYMO/4-HPBA indicated a lack of measurable loss of cell viability at particle concentrations which are effective as anti-algal agents. CuONPs/GLYMO/4-HPBA can be used to drastically reduce the overall CuO concentration in anti-algal and anti-yeast formulations while strongly increasing their efficiency.
Absence of Integrin αvβ3 Enhances Vascular Leak in Mice by Inhibiting Endothelial Cortical Actin Formation (2011)

Our studies identify a novel mechanism by which αvβ3 mitigates increased vascular leak, a pathophysiologic function central to sepsis and ALI. These studies suggest that drugs designed to block αvβ3 may have the unexpected side effect of intensifying sepsis- and ALI-associated vascular endothelial leak.
Polarizability of Helium and Gas Metrology (2007)

Using a quasispherical, microwave cavity resonator, we measured the refractive index of helium to deduce its molar polarizability A(epsilon) in the limit of zero density. We obtained (A(epsilon,meas) - A(epsilon,theory))/A(epsilon) = (-1.8 +/- 9.1) x 10(-6), where the standard uncertainty (9.1 ppm) is a factor of 3.3 smaller than that of the best previous measurement. If the theoretical value of A(epsilon) is accepted, these data determine a value for the Boltzmann constant that is only 1.8 +/- 9.1 ppm larger than the accepted value. Our techniques will enable a helium-based pressure standard and measurements of thermodynamic temperatures.
Immunoadsorptions in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Improves Cardiac Function (2000)

groups MN and Lewis were determined by erythrocyte agglutination by healthy controls (Control-H group). Ten mice did not receive PBL and were antibodies of monoclonal origin. Catecholamines were determined by stan-used as normal controls (Control-M). Echocardiography and histological dard biochemical methods. Student t test and Pearson correlation were used.
Microcomb based microwave true-time-delay beamforming (2017)

We propose a photonic microwave beamforming scheme based on spectral shaping of a microresonator frequency comb (microcomb) with programmable dispersive time delays. The scheme can potentially support large-scale phased arrays by exploiting the large bandwidth of microcombs.
Modeling of motion classified VBR video codecs (1992)

The authors use a motion adaptive variable-bit-rate (VBR) video codec and propose a motion classified model to represent the characteristics of various classes of motion activities. The codec switches between interframe, motion compensated, and intraframe coding corresponding to low, medium, and high motions and scene changes, respectively. The model captures the motion of various video scenes and the codec structure by providing the statistics of VBR-coded video' traffic through a first-order composite autoregressive process with three motion classes. The parameters of this model are derived from a VBR-coded sample video sequence such that the bit rate distribution and the autocorrelation in bit rates of two successive frames are matched. The validity and accuracy of the model are verified. Using this model, the characteristics of aggregated traffic sources are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dissolution Kinetics of [Hmim][BF<sub>4</sub>] Ionic Liquid Droplets in 1-Pentanol (2009)

Dissolving ionic-liquid droplets of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoborate ([Hmim][BF4]) into surrounding 1-pentanol phase were investigated inside a glass rectangular channel microscopically at 23 ± 0.5 °C. The Epstein−Plesset mathematical model was used to fit the change of drop radius with respect to time. With solubility data of ionic liquid (IL) in 1-pentanol determined from UV−visible spectroscopy, the diffusion coefficient was determined. Measurements of conductivity and UV−visible spectroscopy at various concentrations at the same temperature were conducted in an effort to further understand the molecular aggregation/clustering behavior of the IL in 1-pentanol. Using the similarity between the solvent and the hydrophobic part of the IL, an aggregation structure was proposed.
Washington Watch: The Budget Cycle: How It's Supposed to Work (1985)

Journal Article Washington Watch: The Budget Cycle: How It's Supposed to Work Get access Claudia Feller Claudia Feller Public Responsibilities Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 35, Issue 5, May 1985, Page 278, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioscience/35.5.278 Published: 01 May 1985
Grading Using Ki-67 Index and Mitotic Rate Increases the Prognostic Accuracy of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (2018)

Ki-67 is a strong prognostic factor for OS and DFS and should be included in all pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor pathology.
SARS-CoV-2 population-based seroprevalence studies in Europe: a scoping review (2021)

Exposure to the virus in Europe has not reached a level of infection that would prevent further circulation of the virus. Effective vaccine candidates are urgently required to deliver the level of immunity in the population.
Semantic models for ranking medical images using Dirichlet non-parametric mixture models (2011)

With recent advances in diagnostic medical imaging, huge quantities of medical images are produced and stored in digital image repositories. While these repositories are difficult to be analyzed manually by medical experts, they can be evaluated using computer-based methods to enrich the process of decision making. For example, query by image methods can be used by medical experts for differential diagnosis by displaying previously evaluated cases that contain similar visual patterns. Also, less experienced practitioners can benefit from query-by-semantic methods in training processes especially for difficult-to-interpret cases with multiple pathologies. In this article we develop a methodology for ranking medical images based on Dirichlet process nonparametric distributions. Our approach uses natural groupings of images in a generated feature space to evaluate associative semantic mappings. Relevant semantic mappings are then used to generate additive computer models of semantic understanding of visual patterns found in images. We evaluate the performance of our method using mean average precision and precision-recall charts.
Complementing Dictionary-Based Query Translations with Corpus Statistics for Cross-Language IR (1999)

For cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), often queries or documents are translated into the other language to create a mono-lingual information retrieval situation. Having surveyed recent research results on translation-based CLIR, we have convinced ourselves that an effective query translation method is an essential element for a practical CLIR system with a reasonable quality. After summarizing the arguments and methods for query translation and survey results for dictionary-based translation methods, this paper describes a relatively simple yet effective method of using mutual information to handle the ambiguity problem known to be the major factor for low performance compared to mono-lingual situation. Our experimental results based on the TREC-6 collection shows that this method can achieve up to 85 % of the monolingual retrieval case and 96 % of the manual disambiguation case. 1.
Performance analysis of PRS-based synchronization algorithms for LTE positioning applications (2013)

Among the user equipment (UE) assisted position applications in Long Term Evolution (LTE), the observed time-difference of arrival (OTDOA) method which uses measurements reported by the UE physical layer provides the highest precision. The UE measurement task is based on dedicated positioning pilot signals and translates to a time synchronization problem, which is the focus of this paper work. Our analysis comprises the illustration of the proposed synchronization algorithm, its performance benchmarking in AWGN and multipath channels, the derivation of theoretical bounds and simulation results in a realistic LTE cellular scenario.
Systematic Review of Malpractice Litigation in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Stroke (2019)

Background and Purpose— The emergency management of stroke is complex and highly time-sensitive. Recent landmark trials demonstrating the strong benefit of thrombectomy have led to rapid change in stroke management. This article reviews a large number of medical malpractice lawsuits related to the emergency management of stroke to characterize factors involved in these lawsuits. Methods— Three large legal databases were used to search for jury verdicts and settlements in cases related to the acute care of stroke patients in the United States. Search terms included “stroke” and “medical malpractice.” Cases were screened to include only cases in which the allegation involved negligence in the acute care of a patient suffering a stroke. Results— We found 246 medical malpractice cases related to the acute management of ischemic stroke and 26 related to intracranial hemorrhage. Seventy-one cases specifically alleged a failure to treat with tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) and 7 cases alleged a failure to treat, or to timely treat, with thrombectomy. Overall there were 151 cases (56%) which ended with no payout, 74 cases (27%) were settled out of court, and 47 cases (17%) went to court and resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff. The average payout in settlements was $1 802 693, and the average payout in plaintiff verdicts was $9 705 099. Conclusions— Malpractice litigation is a risk in acute stroke care and can lead to significant financial consequences. The majority of malpractice lawsuits related to the emergency management of stroke allege a failure to diagnose and failure to treat. Allegations of a failure to treat acute ischemic stroke with tPA were frequently found and are common in lawsuits. Allegations of a failure to treat a large vessel occlusion with thrombectomy were less frequently found. Given recent changes in practice guidelines and the demonstrated strong treatment effect of thrombectomy, it is likely that such litigation will increase in the coming years.
Soluble Poly(Ether Ketone)s and Poly(Ether Sulf0Ne)s from Phenyl-Substituted Hydroquinones (1992)

Abstract Hydroquinones substituted with methyl and phenyl substituents were synthesized and new poly(ether ketone)s and poly(ether su1fone)s have been prepared by solution condensation polymerization in N-methylpyrrolidinone with 4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone or 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone in the presence of potassium carbonate. Polymers prepared from unsymmetrically substituted hydroquinones are amorphous and soluble in organic solvents such as methylene chloride, N-methylpyrrolidinone, and N,N-dimethylacetamide. Their glass transition temperatures increase with additional pendant phenyl groups on the arylene ring. Polymers synthesized from hydroquinones that are symmetrically substituted are semicrystalline and insoluble.
<i>OPT</i>Versus<i>LOAD</i>in Dynamic Storage Allocation (2004)

Dynamic storage allocation is the problem of packing given axis-aligned rectangles into a horizontal strip of minimum height by sliding the rectangles vertically but not horizontally. Where L= is the maximum sum of heights of rectangles that intersect any vertical line and OPT is the minimum height of the enclosing strip, it is obvious that $\ensuremath{\text{\it OPT}}\ge \ensuremath{\text{\it LOAD}}$; previous work showed that $\ensuremath{\text{\it OPT}}\le 3\cdot LOAD. We continue the study of the relationship between OPT and LOAD, proving that OPT=L+O((hmax/L)1/7)L, where hmax is the maximum job height. Conversely, we prove that for any $\epsilon > 0$, there exists a c>0 such that for all sufficiently large integers $h_{\max}$, there is a dynamic storage allocation instance with maximum job height $h_{\max}$, maximum load at most L, and $\ensuremath{\text{\it OPT}}\geq L+c(h_{\max}/L)^{1/2+\epsilon}L$, for infinitely many integers L. En route, we construct several new polynomial-time approximation algorithms for dynamic storage allocation, including a $(2+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm for the general case and polynomial-time approximation schemes for several natural special cases.
Photonic local oscillator technics for large-scale interferometers (2012)

In signal transmission through optical fiber, cable length delay fluctuation accompanied by chromatic and polarization-mode dispersion affects the coherence of distributed signals. To maintain signal coherence, it is very important to generate very-high-frequency signals with minimum phase noise and transmission loss. In a photonic local signal generation/distribution system with a microwave-photonic signal generator and a real-time microwave-photonic signal phase stabilizer that we developed as an alternative photonic LO system for ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array), signals are transmitted in the form of frequency difference between two coherent light waves, effectively maintaining the coherence of distributed reference signals. Through the development of the real-time phase stabilizer, we discovered that the system would be further improved with the introduction of a post-processing scheme phase stabilizer and confirmed its effectiveness by experiments.
Exploring Simple and Transferable Recognition-Aware Image Processing (2022)

Recent progress in image recognition has stimulated the deployment of vision systems at an unprecedented scale. As a result, visual data are now often consumed not only by humans but also by machines. Existing image processing methods only optimize for better human perception, yet the resulting images may not be accurately recognized by machines. This can be undesirable, e.g., the images can be improperly handled by search engines or recommendation systems. In this work, we examine simple approaches to improve machine recognition of processed images: optimizing the recognition loss directly on the image processing network or through an intermediate input transformation model. Interestingly, the processing model's ability to enhance recognition quality can transfer when evaluated on models of different architectures, recognized categories, tasks, and training datasets. This makes the methods applicable even when we do not have the knowledge of future recognition models, e.g., when uploading processed images to the Internet. We conduct experiments on multiple image processing tasks paired with ImageNet classification and PASCAL VOC detection as recognition tasks. With these simple yet effective methods, substantial accuracy gain can be achieved with strong transferability and minimal image quality loss. Through a user study we further show that the accuracy gain can transfer to a black-box cloud model. Finally, we try to explain this transferability phenomenon by demonstrating the similarities of different models' decision boundaries. Code is available at https://github.com/liuzhuang13/Transferable_RA.
Dual-slope method for focal depth sensitivity enhancement in near-infrared spectroscopy (2020)

We propose to use frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy data in combination with a special arrangement of two sources and two detectors, to achieve stronger and more spatially confined sensitivity to deeper tissue than using single-distance data.
Bonded Terfenol‐D composites with low eddy current loss and high magnetostriction (2010)

Abstract Bonded Terfenol‐D composites, with high electrical resistivity and low eddy current loss, can be used in an alternating magnetic field with high frequency. However, the nonmagnetic binder impairs the magnetostriction of the composites. To achieve high magnetostriction and low eddy current loss, the mixture of the alloy powder and binder was compressed at low pressure in an oriented magnetic field. After this, the aligned samples were recompressed by cold isostatic pressing (CIP). Besides, the effect of particle size on the magnetostriction of the bonded Terfenol‐D composites was also studied. The results showed that the bonded Terfenol‐D composites had excellent magnetostriction when the particle size was 50–80 μm. The oriented magnetic field and CIP could improve the magnetostriction of the bonded composites, which reaches 1020×10 −6 . The bonded Terfenol‐D composites had good compact structure and high density (7.24 g/cm 3 ). The magnetic loss of the bonded Terfenol‐D composites was 192 mW/cm 3 at a frequency of 100 kHz in a magnetic field of 960 A/m, which was about one third of that of casting Terfenol‐D alloys.
Solubility of Oxide Ion in Molten Chloride and Carbonate Containing Li, Na, K and/or Ca Added with Li<sub>2</sub>O or CaO (2016)

The solubility of oxide ions in LiCl-based and CaCl2-based melts was estimated by double-tracer technique as part of the CO2 capture and conversion process. The solubility of oxide ions in pure LiCl and CaCl2 is 10.6 mol% at 600°C and 12.5 mol% at 800°C, respectively. The solubility of oxide ions increases with escalating temperature. The solubility of oxide ions encounters serious decrease when NaCl or KCl is added to the melts. In the case of LiCl-CaCl2 eutectic, the solubility of CaO firstly descends and then ascends with the increasing mole fraction of CaCl2. Intriguingly, the excess addition of Li2O into alkali carbonates leads to a floating layer while, on the contrary, the addition of Li2O into chlorides gives a Li2O precipitate. It is deduced that the Li2O solubility in Li-Na-K carbonates (43.5:31.5:25 in molar ratio) is slightly lower than 5 mol% at 500°C.
Potential role of helix-loop-helix proteins in cardiac gene expression. (1993)

Because helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors appear to play an important role in mesodermal development, we have investigated the potential role of these factors in cardiac gene expression. HLH proteins interact with DNA at consensus "E-box" sites and may be tissue specific or more widely expressed. We have examined cardiac cells for expression and regulation of widely expressed factors Pan1/Pan2 and the inhibitor of differentiation (Id) by RNase protection analysis. The effect of MyoD, Id, and Pan1/Pan2 expression on skeletal and cardiac promoters in cardiac cells was examined by transient cotransfection studies. Our results indicate that neonatal ventricular cells are a functional HLH environment, because MyoD can activate a skeletal muscle-specific promoter in these cells. MyoD, however, has no effect on the expression of several genes that are expressed in cardiac cells. In addition, Id may be an early response gene for signal transduction in cardiac cells, because increases in Id mRNA occurred within 30 minutes of stimulation with serum or phenylephrine. Activities of three cardiac promoter elements in primary ventricular myocytes were not downregulated by Id. Surprisingly, expression of Pan1 and Pan2 exhibited a strong negative effect on cardiac expression of the myosin light chain-2 promoter.
Comparative Analysis of Single‐Cascade Five‐Zone and Two‐Zone SMB Systems for the Separation of a Ternary Amino Acid Mixture (2007)

Abstract A ternary separation usually requires the use of two simulated moving bed (SMB) units in series. Since an increase in the number of SMB units leads to a significant increase in capital and operational costs, the use of a single SMB unit is preferred if its structure can be modified to treat a ternary separation. Such a modified single SMB unit has been typified by a five‐zone SMB or a two‐zone SMB so far. The separation performances‐of a five‐zone SMB and a two‐zone SMB are compared in this paper by using the ternary amino acid mixture as a model system. A five‐zone SMB is designed with the safety margin method while a two‐zone SMB is optimized using genetic algorithm. A five‐zone SMB based on the maximum allowable safety margin, although it may not guarantee the global optimum solution, results in much better separation performance than a two‐zone SMB at its global optimum state.