gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Pseudomonas</i> Can Survive Tailocin Killing via Persistence-Like and Heterogenous Resistance Mechanisms (2020)

Phage tail-like bacteriocins (tailocins) are bacterially produced protein toxins that mediate competitive interactions between cocolonizing bacteria. Both theoretical and experimental research has shown there are intransitive interactions between bacteriocin-producing, bacteriocin-sensitive, and bacteriocin-resistant populations, whereby producers outcompete sensitive cells, sensitive cells outcompete resistant cells, and resistant cells outcompete producers. These so-called rock-paper-scissors dynamics explain how all three populations occupy the same environment, without one driving the others extinct. Using <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> as a model, we demonstrate that otherwise sensitive cells survive bacteriocin exposure through a physiological mechanism. This mechanism allows cells to survive bacteriocin killing without acquiring resistance. We show that a significant fraction of the target cells that survive a lethal dose of tailocin did not exhibit any detectable increase in survival during a subsequent exposure. Tailocin persister cells were more prevalent in stationary- rather than log-phase cultures. Of the fraction of cells that gained detectable resistance, there was a range from complete (insensitive) to incomplete (partially sensitive) resistance. By using genomic sequencing and genetic engineering, we showed that a mutation in a hypothetical gene containing 8 to 10 transmembrane domains causes tailocin high persistence and that genes of various glycosyltransferases cause incomplete and complete tailocin resistance. Importantly, of the several classes of mutations, only those causing complete tailocin resistance compromised host fitness. This result indicates that bacteria likely utilize persistence to survive bacteriocin-mediated killing without suffering the costs associated with resistance. This research provides important insight into how bacteria can escape the trap of fitness trade-offs associated with gaining <i>de novo</i> tailocin resistance.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Bacteriocins are bacterially produced protein toxins that are proposed as antibiotic alternatives. However, a deeper understanding of the responses of target bacteria to bacteriocin exposure is lacking. Here, we show that target cells of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> survive lethal bacteriocin exposure through both physiological persistence and genetic resistance mechanisms. Cells that are not growing rapidly rely primarily on persistence, whereas those growing rapidly are more likely to survive via resistance. We identified various mutations in lipopolysaccharide biogenesis-related regions involved in tailocin persistence and resistance. By assessing host fitness of various classes of mutants, we showed that persistence and subtle resistance are mechanisms <i>P. syringae</i> uses to survive competition and preserve host fitness. These results have important implications for developing bacteriocins as alternative therapeutic agents.
The Acritarch Genus Dorsennidium Wicander 1974, Emend. Sarjeant and Stancliffe 1994: A Reassessment of Its Constituent Species (1996)

R. P. W. Stancliffe, W. A. S. Sarjeant, The Acritarch Genus Dorsennidium Wicander 1974, Emend. Sarjeant and Stancliffe 1994: A Reassessment of Its Constituent Species, Micropaleontology, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Summer, 1996), pp. 151-166
Metal Sensitivity in Patients with Orthopaedic Implants (2001)

All metals in contact with biological systems undergo corrosion. This electrochemical process leads to the formation of metal ions, which may activate the immune system by forming complexes with endogenous proteins. Implant degradation products have been shown to be associated with dermatitis, urticaria, and vasculitis. If cutaneous signs of an allergic response appear after implantation of a metal device, metal sensitivity should be considered. Currently, there is no generally accepted test for the clinical determination of metal hypersensitivity to implanted devices. The prevalence of dermal sensitivity in patients with a joint replacement device, particularly those with a failed implant, is substantially higher than that in the general population. Until the roles of delayed hypersensitivity and humoral immune responses to metallic orthopaedic implants are more clearly defined, the risk to patients may be considered minimal. It is currently unclear whether metal sensitivity is a contributing factor to implant failure.
A COMPACT X-RAY SPECTROMETER WITH MULTI-CAPILLARY X-RAY LENS AND FLAT CRYSTALS (2001)

We present a new type of wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer with a multi-capillary x-ray lens. This spectrometer has a simple and compact construction with good performance for small area analysis. A multi-capillary x-ray lens, a device that collects fluorescent x-rays from a selected sample area of diameter 0.1 mm or less and collimates them into a nearly-parallel beam form, was combined with conventional flat crystals. The flat crystal and an x-ray detector were set on a 8-B simple goniometer. The result of [Cu K-emission source / LiF flat crystal / Fe Ka line from stainless sheet sample] is as follows: the Fe KQ! intensity from a,O.l mm area is 130 times higher than a conventional XKF spectrometer and the intensity from a 0.05 mm is 270 times higher. The FWHM of the FeKd line is 0.012 A. These results indicate solid feasibility of a very small, simple-construction, easy-to-handle and high-sensitivity spectrometer. In addition, this spectrometer has several merits; 1)the number of simultaneously detectable elements is increased, 2) the influence of the surface roughness on measurements is very small because all elements are detected under the same conditions with respect to the x-ray take off angle, 3) it should be easy to adapt the spectrometer to PXKF, EPMA and SEM.
Trajectory stabilization for a planar carangiform robot fish (2003)

Considers the task of trajectory stabilization for a fish-like robot by means of feedback. We use oscillatory control inputs and apply correction signals at the endpoints of each periodic input signal. Such a strategy can be proven to cause the system to converge to a desired trajectory. We present a specific model of a planar carangiform fish, and verify the stabilization results with simulations and with experiment on a planar robotic fish system that is propelled using carangiform-like movements.
Polymeric sulfated surfactants with varied hydrocarbon tail: II. Chemical selectivity in micellar electrokinetic chromatography using linear solvation energy relationships study (2004)

The effect of hydrocarbon chain length on chemical selectivity in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was investigated using polymeric sulfated surfactants: poly-(sodium 7-octenyl sulfate), poly(sodium 8-nonenyl sulfate), poly(sodium 9-decenyl sulfate), and poly(sodium 10-undecenyl sulfate). Linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) and free energy of transfer studies were conducted to predict the selectivity differences between the four polymeric surfactants. The overall nature of the solute/ polymeric micelle interactions was found to be different despite the fact that all polymeric surfactants have the same head group. The polar character and acidic strength of the polymeric surfactant are found to decrease as the hydrocarbon chain length of the surfactant is increased. On the other hand, the polarizability of the polymeric sulfated surfactants increases (upon interacting with solute lone-pair electrons) with increasing hydrocarbon chain length. The LSER results show that the solute size and hydrogen bond accepting ability play the key roles in MEKC retention.
Erratum to: Risk Factors for Early Revision After Primary TKA in Medicare Patients (2013)

Erratum to: Clin Orthop Relat Res DOI 10.1007/s11999-013-3045-0 In the Methods section, the ICD-9-CM procedure codes from the Part A files of the Medicare Data set were incorrect as published. The corrected version should read: Revision surgery during the study period was identified by the occurrence of the ICD-9-CM procedure codes 81.55 or 00.80-00.84 from the Part A files of the Medicare Data set. The authors regret this error.
Thermal-infrared and visual imaging of comet Giacobini-Zinner (1986)

Thermal-infrared and visual images obtained simultaneously of comet Giacobini-Zinner on UT 1985 August 4.4 are presented. The 10.8-micron map, which spans several arc minutes with 8-arcsec resolution, is the first ground-based infrared image of a comet. Considerable spatial structure is evident in the map, including a curved dust tail consisting primarily of dust grains larger than 100 microns. The width of this large-grain tail implies that these grains depart the nucleus with velocities less than 3 m/s. The distribution of grain albedo is determined for the central 1 arcmin. It is speculated that an observed increase in the albedo by a factor of 2 with distance from the nucleus and prolonged radius vector results from the confinement to the orbital plane of large fluffy grains previously considered for GZ by others; the lower albedo of this dust could result from multiple internal scattering increasing the probability of absorption of incident light. It is estimated that dust was departing the nucleus at the rate of about 8 x 10 to the 5th g/s, comparable to that derived for many other comets.
Use of the Ilizarov Method to Correct Lower Limb Deformities in Children and Adolescents (2004)

The introduction to the West in the early 1980s of the Ilizarov circular external fixator and method resulted in rapid advances in limb lengthening, deformity correction, and segmental long-bone defect reconstruction. The mechanical features of and biologic response to using distraction osteogenesis with the circular external fixator are the unique aspects of Ilizarov's contribution. The most common indications for children and adolescents are limb lengthening and angular deformity correction. Surgical application and postoperative management of the device require diligent attention to detail by both patient and surgeon. Also required of the surgeon is a thorough appreciation of the basic principles of the apparatus, mechanical axial realignment, potential complications, and biologic response to stretching.
Can liquid cloud microphysical processes be used for vertically pointing cloud radar calibration? (2019)

Abstract. Cloud radars are unique instruments for observing cloud processes, but uncertainties in radar calibration have frequently limited data quality. Thus far, no single robust method exists for assessing the calibration of past cloud radar data sets. Here, we investigate whether observations of microphysical processes in liquid clouds such as the transition of cloud droplets to drizzle drops can be used to calibrate cloud radars. Specifically, we study the relationships between the radar reflectivity factor and three variables not affected by absolute radar calibration: the skewness of the radar Doppler spectrum (γ), the radar mean Doppler velocity (W), and the liquid water path (LWP). For each relation, we evaluate the potential for radar calibration. For γ and W, we use box model simulations to determine typical radar reflectivity values for reference points. We apply the new methods to observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites North Slope of Alaska (NSA) and Oliktok Point (OLI) in 2016 using two 35 GHz Ka-band ARM Zenith Radars (KAZR). For periods with a sufficient number of liquid cloud observations, we find that liquid cloud processes are robust enough for cloud radar calibration, with the LWP-based method performing best. We estimate that, in 2016, the radar reflectivity at NSA was about 1±1 dB too low but stable. For OLI, we identify serious problems with maintaining an accurate calibration including a sudden decrease of 5 to 7 dB in June 2016.
Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency and severe 5-fluorouracil toxicity. (2003)

Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) is the second enzyme in the catabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), and it has been suggested that patients with a deficiency of this enzyme are at risk from developing severe 5FU-associated toxicity. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that in one patient the severe toxicity, after a treatment with 5FU, was attributable to a partial deficiency of DHP. Analysis of the DHP gene showed that the patient was heterozygous for the missense mutation 833G>A (G278D) in exon 5. Heterologous expression of the mutant enzyme in Escherichia coli showed that the G278D mutation leads to a mutant DHP enzyme without residual activity. An analysis for the presence of this mutation in 96 unrelated Dutch Caucasians indicates that the allele frequency in the normal population is <0.5%. Our results show that a partial DHP deficiency is a novel pharmacogenetic disorder associated with severe 5FU toxicity.
Effect of multiaxial deformation <i>Max-strain</i> on the structure and properties of Ti-Ni alloy (2014)

The severe plastic deformation (SPD) forming ultrafine-grained (nanocrystalline or nanosubgrained) structure is one of the most effective ways to improve the functional properties of Ti-Ni-based shape memory alloys [1, 2]. In the present work, the SPD of near-equiatomic Ti-Ni alloy was carried out using the multi-axial deformation module Max-strain, which is a part of the physical simulation system "Gleeble 3500". The deformation was performed at a constant temperature of 400°C with speed of 0.5 mm/s in six passes without interpass pauses. The accumulated true strain was about 3. As a result, a mixed ultrafine-grained/subgrained structure with grain/subgrain sizes from 50 to 300 nm and a high density of free dislocations formed. The resulting structure is close to a nanoscale region and provides a significant advantage in the basic functional property – completely recoverable strain – as compared with a conventional recrystallized structure: 7% versus 2%.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation of o‐Tolualdehyde Cyclohexylimines with N‐Methoxy‐N‐ methylamides (Weinreb′s Amides). A New Synthesis of Isoquinolines. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Trans-pars-planar illumination for ultra-widefield multispectral imaging of the retina and choroid (2021)

This study is to validate the trans-pars-planar illumination for ultra-widefield multispectral imaging (MSI) of the retina and choroid. By freeing the available pupil for collecting imaging light only, the trans-pars-planar illumination enables a portable, nonmydriatic fundus camera, with 200o FOV in a single-shot image. The trans-pars-planar illumination, delivering illumination light from one side of the eye, naturally enables oblique illumination ophthalmoscopy to enhance the contrast of fundus imaging. Four wavelength LEDs, including 530 nm, 625 nm, 780 nm, and 970 nm, are illuminated for MSI of the retina and choroid.
Energy Management and Control of Photovoltaic and Storage Systems in Active Distribution Grids (2021)

The evolution of power distribution grids from passive to active systems creates reliability and efficiency challenges to the distribution system operators. In this paper, an energy management and control scheme for managing the operation of an active distribution grid with prosumers is proposed. A multi-objective optimization model to minimize (i) the prosumers electricity cost and (ii) the cost of the grid energy losses, while guaranteeing safe and reliable grid operation is formulated. This is done by determining the active and reactive power set-points of the photovoltaic and storage systems integrated in the grid buildings. The resulting optimization model is non-convex, thus a convex second-order cone program is developed by appropriately relaxing the non-convex constraints which yields optimal results in most operating conditions. The convexified model is further utilized to develop an algorithm that yields feasible solutions to the non-convex problem under any operating conditions. Moreover, a second novel algorithm to find the operating point that provides fairness between the prosumers and the grid costs is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme in managing an industrial distribution grid compared to a self-consumption approach.
Nitric oxide synthase 3 contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury (2010)

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) depletion or inhibition reduces ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), but the responsible mechanisms remain incompletely defined. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of endothelial NOS, NOS3, in the pathogenesis of VILI in an in vivo mouse model. Wild-type and NOS3-deficient mice were ventilated with high-tidal volume (HV(T); 40 ml/kg) for 4 h, with and without adding NO to the inhaled gas. Additional wild-type mice were pretreated with tetrahydrobiopterin and ascorbic acid, agents that can prevent NOS-generated superoxide production. Arterial blood gas tensions, histology, and lung mechanics were evaluated after 4 h of HV(T) ventilation. The concentration of protein, IgM, cytokines, malondialdehyde, and 8-isoprostane were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Myeloperoxidase activity, total and oxidized glutathione levels, and NOS-derived superoxide production were measured in lung tissue homogenates. HV(T) ventilation induced VILI in wild-type mice, as reflected by decreased lung compliance, increased concentrations of protein and cytokines in BALF, and oxidative stress. All indices of VILI were ameliorated in NOS3-deficient mice. Augmenting pulmonary NO levels by breathing NO during mechanical ventilation did not increase lung injury in NOS3-deficient mice. HV(T) ventilation increased NOS-inhibitable superoxide production in lung extracts from wild-type mice but not in those from NOS3-deficient mice. Administration of tetrahydrobiopterin and ascorbic acid ameliorated VILI in wild-type mice. Our results indicate that NOS3 contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury via increased production of superoxide.
Enhanced protein binding on femtosecond laser ablated poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces (2011)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates were ablated through a fast femtosecond (fs) laser scanning process to create patterns for enhanced protein binding. Typically, two patterns with lines and grids were produced and the protein binding was evaluated by studying the adsorption of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA). It was found that the adsorption of FITC-BSA was increased up to tenfold on both patterns compared with the untreated PMMA surface, indicating the potential application of the fs laser ablated PMMA surfaces as protein assay substrates.
Science Behind Paranormal Activities (2017)

This detail explanation is about the scientific causes behind every paranormal incident. Now-a-days documentary films on paranormal activities or researches on paranormal incidents is spreading throughout the world. But none of the researcher shows the exact cause behind those incidents. Scientists or the host of any paranormal tv shows directly said those canrsquot be explained. Yes, thatrsquos true but not completely. They should say those canrsquot be explained by normal scientific explanations. Thatrsquos why it is called lsquoParanormalrsquo. In this paper, Irsquom going to unveil the real cause behind every paranormal incident with logics and scientific explanations. People should be reminded that all those concepts of physics and metaphysics are based on assumption. All those prove has been done on the basis of several assumptions.
Compound semiconductor materials and devices (1997)

Contains table of contents for Part I, table of contents for Section 1, reports on fourteen research projects and a list of publications.
MgZnO Thin Film Transistors on Glass With Blocking Voltage of 900 V (2020)

High voltage thin film transistor (HVTFT) built on glass can be used for distributed micro-inverters in the emerging applications, such as the building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and smart glass. We report an HVTFT with a center-symmetric circular configuration which is built on a glass substrate at low temperature. The device is composed of a magnesium zinc oxide (MZO) based channel and a high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula> stacked gate dielectric layer of aluminum oxide/silicon dioxide (Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). This MZO HVTFT enables a blocking voltage of 900 volts. The high blocking capability is attributed to the lower gate leakage current through the stacked dielectric layer. The device under 10V drain bias shows an on/off current ratio over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> .
Multi D-Q Frame Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Three-Phase Systems with Unbalanced Single-Phase Loads Using the Generalized Nyquist Criterion (GNC) (2021)

Generalized Nyquist Criterion (GNC) based on d- q frame two-by-two impedance matrices is widely used in the three-phase balanced systems for small-signal stability at the AC interface of power electronics devices, which is not applicable for the three-phase unbalanced systems. An algorithm is developed to model the terminal impedance of the source and the load in the three-phase ungrounded unbalanced system at the AC interface and to predict the small-signal stability after the connection based on the measured d-q frame four-by-four impedance matrices. This algorithm can be used in all kinds of three-phase unbalanced systems including distribution systems in utility, microgirds and three-phase electrical systems on planes. The four-by-four impedance matrix measurement process is designed according to the single-phase d-q frame impedance measurement method. Time domain simulation and scaled-down experiments have been done to prove the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method.
Spray congealing as innovative technique for enzyme encapsulation (2017)

Abstract BACKGROUND Spray congealing is investigated as a new innovative immobilization technique for biocatalysts. The immobilization is realized by atomization of a mixture of a melted carrier and the enzyme, which is re‐solidifyed due to temperature decrease. This method needs neither organic solvents, nor difficult downstream processing after preparation. For the encapsulation of different matrices, long chain alcohols and glyceryl derivatives, with melting points below 86 °C and environmentally friendly properties, are chosen and tested for their suitability for enzyme encapsulation. RESULTS The immobilization of a laccase (EC 1.10.3.2, Novozym 51003, from Myceliophthora thermophila ) was investigated and the produced microparticles were characterized. The obtained particles showed a mean particle size around 40 μm and a spherical surface with different structures depending on the used matrix. Spray congealing with the laccase reached yields of 80% and residual activities up to 56%. Furthermore, four consecutive reactions were realized with cetyl alcohol as carrier and an activity of 20% was retained. CONCLUSION Cetyl alcohol was found to be the most appropriate carrier for the immobilization of the investigated laccase, due to easy handling and high yields. In comparison with the other tested carriers, the best retained activities were obtained and recycling of the biocatalyst was realized. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry