gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Missbrauch von Opioiden und mögliche Auswege aus der Opioid-Krise (2020)

Abuse deterrent drug formulations for opioids <b>Abstract.</b> Misuse of opioids is an increasing problem. Significant medical and social consequences including overdose-related deaths have led to the declaration of an "opioid crisis". The present review article discusses the extent of the problem with a special focus on the situation in Switzerland. Measures are proposed including training of health care providers, regulatory intervention and technical solutions such as the design of abuse-deterrent formulations.
A Homozygous Microdeletion within<i>ADAMTSL4</i>in Patients with Isolated Ectopia Lentis: Evidence of a Founder Mutation (2010)

The results emphasize the association of ADAMTSL4 null mutations with isolated ectopia lentis and the presence of a founder mutation in the European population. Screening of ADAMTSL4 should be considered in all patients with isolated ectopia lentis, with or without family history. In patients from nonconsanguineous families, the authors propose a two-step diagnostic approach, starting with an examination of exon 6 before sequencing the entire coding region of ADAMTSL4.
Multiple Hypothesis Testing Approach to Pedestrian INS with Map-Matching (2019)

Inertial sensors became wearable/portable with the advances in sensing and computing technologies in the last two decades. Captured motion data can be used to build a pedestrian inertial navigation system (INS); however, time-variant bias and noise characteristics of low-cost sensors cause severe errors in positioning. To overcome the growing errors of so-called dead-reckoning (DR) solution, this research adopts a robust pedestrian INS based on Kalman Filter (KF) with zero-velocity update (ZUPT) aid. Despite accurate traveled distance estimates, obtained trajectories diverge from actual paths because of the heading estimation errors. In the absence of external corrections (e.g., GPS, UWB), map information is commonly employed to eliminate position drift; therefore, INS solution is fed into a higher level map-matching filter for further corrections. Unlike common Particle Filter (PF) map-matching, we implicitly model map by rasterizing the floor plans that reduces the computational burden of PF. Second major usage of the introduced approach, which makes the Bayesian estimation cycle non-recursive by serving as a constant spatial prior in the designed filter, is to generate probabilities for a self-initialization method referred to as the Multiple Hypothesis Testing (MHT). Extracted scores update hypothesis probabilities in a cumulative manner and hypothesis with maximum probability provides the correct initial location and heading. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results show feasible trajectories, and negligible return-to-start and stride errors that validates the success of the proposed approach.
Optimal control of compliant planar robot for safe impact using steepest descent technique (2019)

This study introduces a detailed mathematical modeling of a suggested compliant three-link planar robot. The modeling method is based on state-space representation, which allows a standard access to the interconnection of links with Variable Stiffness Actuator (VSA) by means of first-order differential equations. In these differential equations, the expression of the stiffness is derived in the time domain. In addition, the stiffness of VSA as control input exists in a dependent manner with state variables. An iterative numerical method is proposed, in which, the optimal trajectory of VSA is generated using steepest descent method. Besides this, the optimal feedback controller is designed to minimize the velocities of joints to avoid unsafe contact with the environment. Thus, the performance function was to minimize the velocities of joints and stiffness of VSA. The stabilization of joint velocities is achieved within the optimal feedback control system. A computer program is written to test the model and the proposed control method.
Solid‐Phase Conversion of Four Stereoisomers into a Single Enantiomer (2018)

Abstract Viedma ripening is an emerging method for the solid‐phase deracemization of mixtures of enantiomers. Up to now, the scope of the method has remained limited to molecules with a single stereocenter. We show here that this method can be extended to obtain a single enantiomer from a mixture of stereoisomers with two different stereocenters. In addition, we show that by using tailor‐made chiral additives, the conversion time can be reduced by a factor of 100.
Front Cover: A Phosphorus Analogue of Acenaphthylene (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 38/2017) (2017)

The Front Cover shows the thermal splitting of a 7-phosphanorbornene ylide, giving a norbornadiene by-product and a stable 2-methoxy-phosphaalkene. The example shown on the cover is the synthesis of an original 1-phospha-2-methoxyacenaphthylidene, which can serve as a potentially general route to phosphaalkenes. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Z. Duan, F. Mathey et al.
MicroRNA-503 promotes tumor progression and acts as a novel biomarker for prognosis in oesophageal cancer. (2015)

This study investigated microRNA (miR)-503 expression levels and evaluated its clinical significance in patients with oesophageal cancer (EC).miR-503 expression was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 49 EC tissue samples and 12 adjacent normal tissues from 49 patients with EC. The association between miR-503 expression and clinicopathological factors, including prognostic outcomes, were assessed.miR-503 was found up-regulated in EC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. High miR-503 expression was significantly associated with large tumor size. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high miR-503 expression had significantly poorer disease-free and overall survival than those with lower expression levels. High miR-503 expression was identified as an independent prognostic predictor in patients with EC according to multivariate analysis.miR-503 expression affects tumor cell proliferation in EC. Evaluation of miR-503 expression might thus help identify patients with EC with poor prognosis and higher risk of early recurrence.
The Relationship between Perlecan and Dystroglycan and its Implication in the Formation of the Neuromuscular Junction (1998)

Perlecan is a major heparan-sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) within the basement membrane surrounding skeletal muscle fibers. The C-terminus of its core protein contains three globular domain modules which are also found in laminin and agrin, two proteins that bind to dystroglycan (DG, cranin) on the muscle surface with these modules. In this study, we examined whether perlecan can also bind to DG and is involved in signaling the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). By labeling cultured muscle cells with a polyclonal anti-perlecan antibody, this protein is found both within the extracellular matrix in a fibrillar network and at the cell surface in a punctate pattern. In Xenopus muscle cells, the cell-surface perlecan is precisely colocalized with DG. Both perlecan and DG are clustered at ACh receptor clusters induced by spinal neurons or by beads coated with HB-GAM, a heparin-binding growth factor. Blot overlay assays have shown that perlecan binds alpha-DG in a calcium and heparin-sensitive manner. Furthermore, perlecan is present in muscle lysate immunoprecipitated with an anti-DG antibody. Immunolabeling also showed colocalization between HB-GAM and perlecan and between HB-GAM and DG. These data suggest that perlecan is anchored to muscle surface via DG-dystrophin complex. Since DG is also a site of agrin binding, the neural agrin secreted by motoneurons during NMJ formation may compete with the pre-existing perlecan for cell surface binding. This competition may result in the presentation of perlecan-bound growth factors such as HB-GAM to effect synaptic induction.
Rolling Signal-based Ripley’s K: A new algorithm to identify spatial patterns in histological specimens (2020)

SUMMARY The spatial distribution of cells within a tissue underlies organ function. However, these spatial distributions are often difficult to identify, making it challenging to evaluate how cells establish these patterns during development or how diseases may disrupt these patterns and impair function. To address this, we developed an image analysis tool based on a novel algorithm that identifies spatial patterns within tissues. This analytical tool was used to study the bone marrow, a specialized microenvironment in which spatial patterning of regulatory cells may influence the differentiation and survival of hematopoietic stem cells. Using this algorithm, we discovered clusters of regulatory cells within the bone marrow that suggest an organization of micro-niches, which may form the basis of the hematopoietic stem cell microenvironment. This work provides a new tool for the detection and analysis of tissue morphology that enables identification of spatial patterns within tissues that can lead to a deeper understanding of tissue function, provide clues for early onset of disease, and be used as a tool for studying the impact of pharmaceutics on tissue development and regeneration. In Brief This work introduces a new statistic to analyze the patterning of cells and physiological features in histological images. This statistic was used on a published set of immunofluorescent images of murine bone to identify novel spatial structures within the bone marrow that may provide new inisghts to the organization of the hematopoietic stem cell microenvironment. Highlights RSRK, a statistical tool for analyzing the spatial distribution of features in histological images, is introduced. RSRK incorporates the quantification of signal distribution to identify unique spatial patterns. Spatial patterns in hematopoietic stem cell microenvironments are identified. Graphical Abstract
Loss of retinoic acid receptors in mouse skin and skin tumors is associated with activation of the ras(Ha) oncogene and high risk for premalignant progression. (1996)

Retinoic acid receptor transcripts (RARalpha and RARgamma) are decreased in benign mouse epidermal tumors relative to normal skin and are almost absent in carcinomas. In this report, the expression of RARalpha and RARgamma proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting in benign skin tumors induced by two different promotion protocols designed to yield tumors at low or high risk for malignant conversion. RARalpha was slightly reduced in papillomas promoted with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (low risk) and markedly decreased or absent in papillomas promoted by mezerein (high risk). However, mezerein also caused substantial reduction of RARalpha in nontumorous skin. RARgamma was not detected in tumors from either protocol and was greatly reduced in skin treated by either promoter. Both RARalpha and RARgamma proteins were decreased in keratinocytes overexpressing an oncogenic v-ras(Ha) gene, and RARalpha was underexpressed in a benign keratinocyte cell line carrying a mutated c-ras(Ha) gene. Introduction of a recombinant RARalpha expression vector into benign keratinocyte tumor cells reduced the S-phase population and inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to retinoic acid. Furthermore, transactivation of B-RARE-tk-LUC by retinoic acid was markedly decreased in keratinocytes transduced with the v-ras(Ha) oncogene (v-ras(Ha)-keratinocytes). Blocking protein kinase C function in v-ras(Ha)-keratinocytes with bryostatin restored RARalpha protein to near normal levels, reflecting the involvement of protein kinase C in RARalpha regulation. Both RARalpha and RARgamma are down-regulated in cultured keratinocytes by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, further implicating PKC in the regulation of retinoid receptors. Our data suggest that modulation of RARs could contribute to the neoplastic phenotype in mouse skin carcinogenesis and may be involved in the differential promoting activity of mezerein and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, particularly for selecting tumors at high risk for malignant conversion.
Cathodic Prevention for Reinforcing Steel in Cracked Concrete of Chloride Contaminated Structures (2015)

Abstract Steel in concrete in marine service corrodes actively when chloride ion concentration exceeds a critical threshold level, CT, causing passive film breakdown. There is interest in alternative or supplemental corrosion management approaches to extend structural life. One such approach is Cathodic Prevention (CPrev), based on the increase of CT when steel is polarized in the cathodic direction while still in the passive condition. This work seeks to determine the effectiveness of cathodic prevention on cracked concrete in a marine environment. Experiments use reinforced concrete blocks with controlled-width cracks placed along the length of a central reinforcing steel bar, with initial cyclic exposure to a 5% NaCl solution. Crack widths ranging from 0.01 in to 0.04 in and polarization levels ranging from -330 mV to -540 mV (SCE) were evaluated over 1 year. Results suggest that CPrev with moderate cathodic polarization levels may be of limited benefit in the presence of the lengthwise cracks. Polarization at potentials ≥ -430 mV SCE was insufficient to prevent corrosion initiation in cracks of any of the tested sizes. Polarization at the stronger -540 mV SCE regime resulted in no corrosion initiation events for any crack size during the one-year test interval.
Radio propagation path loss models for 5G cellular networks in the 28 GHZ and 38 GHZ millimeter-wave bands (2014)

This article presents empirically-based large-scale propagation path loss models for fifth-generation cellular network planning in the millimeter-wave spectrum, based on real-world measurements at 28 GHz and 38 GHz in New York City and Austin, Texas, respectively. We consider industry-standard path loss models used for today's microwave bands, and modify them to fit the propagation data measured in these millimeter-wave bands for cellular planning. Network simulations with the proposed models using a commercial planning tool show that roughly three times more base stations are required to accommodate 5G networks (cell radii up to 200 m) compared to existing 3G and 4G systems (cell radii of 500 m to 1 km) when performing path loss simulations based on arbitrary pointing angles of directional antennas. However, when directional antennas are pointed in the single best directions at the base station and mobile, coverage range is substantially improved with little increase in interference, thereby reducing the required number of 5G base stations. Capacity gains for random pointing angles are shown to be 20 times greater than today's fourth-generation Long Term Evolution networks, and can be further improved when using directional antennas pointed in the strongest transmit and receive directions with the help of beam combining techniques.
Hemodialysis‐Related Amyloidosis (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction β2M Structure and Function In Vivo Constituents of β2M Amyloid Deposits Mechanism of Fibril Formation of β2M β2M Fibril Structure Identifying Regions Involved in Aggregation Clues as to the Identity of the Amyloid Precursor State ROLE of Cu2+ Implications for Therapy References
Unusual Manifestations of Miliary Tuberculosis: Cutaneous Lesions, Phalanx Osteomyelitis, and Paradoxical Expansion of Tenosynovitis (1993)

Journal Article Unusual Manifestations of Miliary Tuberculosis: Cutaneous Lesions, Phalanx Osteomyelitis, and Paradoxical Expansion of Tenosynovitis Get access Xavier Corbella, Xavier Corbella Infectious Disease Service, Bellvitge Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Correspondence: Dr. Xavier Corbella, Carrer del Cardener 53 Atic A, 08024 Barcelona, Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jordi Carratala, Jordi Carratala Infectious Disease Service, Bellvitge Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gabriel Rufi, Gabriel Rufi Infectious Disease Service, Bellvitge Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francese Gudiol Francese Gudiol Infectious Disease Service, Bellvitge Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 1, January 1993, Pages 179–180, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/16.1.179 Published: 01 January 1993
Wavelength-selective silicon near infrared photodetector using surface plasmon resonance enhancement (2013)

We proposed a wavelength-selective silicon near infrared (NIR) photodetector using the internal photoemission effect enhanced by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The photodetector employed an Au grating to couple the transverse magnetic (TM) NIR light to surface plasmon to improve the quantum efficiency. The grating coupling also enabled the photodetector to perform wavelength-selective detection. The obtained short circuit current curve indicated that the TM light is coupled to surface plasmon with a resolution of 19nm in the wavelength selectivity. If the wavelength of the incident light is the same, the quantum efficiency (incident photons to current conversion efficiency) of a photodetector is directly proportional to the responsivity. Therefore, to confirm the enhancement of the quantum efficiency by SPR, we measured the responsivity of the proposed photodetector and compared the quantum efficiency of the photodetector with that of a Schottky photodetector (a flat Au film on n type silicon). The responsivity of the proposed photodetector in 1500nm is 0.036mA/W in room temperature. The quantum efficiency was enhanced on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> times in 1500nm.
Stress‐driven Kirigami: From Planar Shapes to 3D Objects (2019)

International audience
Pregnancy Induces an Increase in Angiotensin II Type-1 Receptor Expression in Uterine But Not Systemic Artery Endothelium<sup>1</sup> (1997)

During pregnancy, the uterine artery demonstrates refractoriness to vasoconstriction by infused angiotensin II (AII). AII increases prostacyclin (PGI2) production by uterine artery endothelium from pregnant ewes, and this response is mediated via the AT1 receptor (AT1-R). This response is also unique to pregnancy because AII does not stimulate PGI2 production by uterine artery endothelium from nonpregnant ewes. We therefore hypothesize that the increase in uterine artery PGI2 production in response to AII in pregnancy is associated in part with a concomitant increase in AT1-R expression in uterine artery endothelium. Endothelium-derived protein was directly removed from the lumenal surface of freshly isolated uterine and systemic (omental) arteries from nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. AT1-R expression was then measured in both the endothelium-derived fraction and endothelium-denuded vascular smooth muscle (VSM) fraction by Western analysis. AT1-R was detected as 54- and 65-kDa proteins in all samples, as well as adrenal cortex control. AT1-R expression increased more than 8-fold in uterine artery endothelium of pregnant ewes over that in nonpregnant ewes at each of four gestational ages (P < 0.05 at 110, 120, 130, 142 days, n = 4 each vs. n = 6 nonpregnant). No significant differences were seen, however, from 110 to 142 days of gestation. In contrast, whereas the level of AT1-R staining in omental artery endothelium in nonpregnant ewes was higher than in uterine artery, AT1-R increased less in pregnant ewes (2-fold) and only reached significance over nonpregnant values at 110 and 120 days, or when data was combined irrespective of gestational age (P < 0.05). Although AT1-R was also detected in uterine and omental artery VSM, little or no change in expression was observed in pregnancy. Results were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of arterial cross sections, and the increase in AT1-R expression in uterine artery endothelium was confirmed by RT/PCR amplification of AT1-R messenger RNA from collagenase dispersed cells (n = 4 pregnant vs. n = 4 nonpregnant, mean 20-fold increase, P < 0.028). We conclude that increased uterine artery endothelial PGI2 responsiveness to AII during pregnancy is indeed associated with a correspondingly marked and localized increase in expression of the endothelial AT1-R receptor. We believe our findings allow a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie increased uterine blood flow that is so central to the normal development of the growing fetus, and on dysfunction may lead to conditions such as preeclampsia.
Maytansinol Derivatives: Side Reactions as a Chance for New Tubulin Binders (2021)

Maytansinol is a valuable precursor for the preparation of maytansine derivatives (known as maytansinoids). Inspired by the intriguing structure of the macrocycle and the success in targeted cancer therapy of the derivatives, we explored the maytansinol acylation reaction. As a result, we were able to obtain a series of derivatives with novel modifications of the maytansine scaffold. We characterized these molecules by docking studies, by a comprehensive biochemical evaluation, and by determination of their crystal structures in complex with tubulin. The results shed further light on the intriguing chemical behavior of maytansinoids and confirm the relevance of this peculiar scaffold in the scenario of tubulin binders.
Supplementary Figure S3. Uptake of 4T1- and 67NR-derived exosomes by immune cell lineages. from The Biodistribution and Immune Suppressive Effects of Breast Cancer–Derived Exosomes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;BALB/C mice received a single intravenous injection of DiD-labeled 4T1- or 67NR-derived exosomes (20 µg; 1.2E11 particles). Liposomes injected at equivalent particle numbers served as control. Assessment of exosome uptake by immune cell lineages in the bone marrow (BM), spleen and lung was carried out 24-hours later by flow cytometry. (A) Representative flow cytometric plots (left) and quantification (right) of distinct DiD+ population within CD45+ cells. (B-G) Frequency of DiD+ subpopulation within (B) myeloid cells (CD11b+), (C) CD11b+/Gr1+ MDSCs, (D) dendritic cells (CD11C+/MHCII+), (E) macrophages (mø; CD11b+/F4/80+), (F) CD8 T-cells (CD3+/CD8+) and (G) CD4 T-cells (CD3+/CD4+). Results are presented as mean {plus minus} s.e.m. (n=5-7/group) as analyzed by ANOVA; *: p&lt;0.01 compared to liposome control, #: p&lt;0.01 compared to 67NR DiD-exosomes.&lt;/p&gt;