gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage‐dependent calcium channels of dog basilar artery (2006)

Electrophysiological and molecular characteristics of voltage-dependent calcium (Ca(2+)) channels were studied using whole-cell patch clamp, polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting in smooth muscle cells freshly isolated from dog basilar artery. Inward currents evoked by depolarizing steps from a holding potential of -50 or -90 mV in 10 mm barium consisted of low- (LVA) and high-voltage activated (HVA) components. LVA current comprised more than half of total current in 24 (12%) of 203 cells and less than 10% of total current in 52 (26%) cells. The remaining cells (127 cells, 62%) had LVA currents between one tenth and one half of total current. LVA current was rapidly inactivating, slowly deactivating, inhibited by high doses of nimodipine and mibefradil (> 0.3 microM), not affected by omega-agatoxin GVIA (gamma100 nM), omega-conotoxin IVA (1 microM) or SNX-482 (200 nM) and probably carried by T-type Ca(2+) channels based on the presence of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein for Ca(v3.1) and Ca(v3.3) alpha(1) subunits of these channels. LVA currents exhibited window current with a maximum of 13% of the LVA current at -37.4 mV. HVA current was slowly inactivating and rapidly deactivating. It was inhibited by nimodipine (IC(50) = 0.018 microM), mibefradil (IC(50) = 0.39 microM) and omega-conotoxin IV (1 microM). Smooth muscle cells also contained mRNA and protein for L- (Ca(v1.2) and Ca(v1.3)), N- (Ca(v2.2)) and T-type (Ca(v3.1) and Ca(v3.3)) alpha(1) Ca(2+) channel subunits. Confocal microscopy showed Ca(v1.2) and Ca(v1.3) (L-type), Ca(v2.2) (N-type) and Ca(v3.1) and Ca(v3.3) (T-type) protein in smooth muscle cells. Relaxation of intact arteries under isometric tension in vitro to nimodipine (1 microM) and mibefradil (1 microM) but not to omega-agatoxin GVIA (100 nM), omega-conotoxin IVA (1 microM) or SNX-482 (1 microM) confirmed the functional significance of L- and T-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel subtypes but not N-type. These results show that dog basilar artery smooth muscle cells express functional voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels of multiple types.
Exchange contributions in the electronic structure of systems with 1D‐periodicity: Importance and computation (2001)

Abstract The purpose of this article is to point out to the scientific community interested in Hartree–Fock ab initio calculations that accurate calculations of the exchange contributions are essential. An extremely simple system such as the infinite chain of Be atoms, (‐Be‐) ∞ , treated in direct space at the RHF level with the 3‐21G basis fails to converge to physically meaningful results. An analysis based on the convergence properties of finite Fourier series points to the exchange contributions as the source of the problem. Owing to its capability of handling with the necessary accuracy all lattice summations, including the exchange sums, the Fourier representation is able to treat the problem effectively and is confirmed as a procedure of choice for RHF electronic structure calculations of systems with 1D periodicity. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Who may frown and who should smile? Dominance, affiliation, and the display of happiness and anger (2005)

Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the social stereotype that anger displays are more appropriate for men and smiling is requisite for women is based on the perception of men and women as more or less dominant or affiliative. The first study tested the mediation model that men are rated as more dominant and women as more affiliative and that expectations for men to show more anger and for women to smile more are partially mediated by this difference in perception. Second, a vignette approach was used to test the notion that these expectations translate into prescriptive social norms that are based on levels of perceived dominance and affiliation rather than sex per se. The results strongly support this hypothesis for dominance and provide partial confirmation for affiliation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphinines and Their Saturated Derivatives: Di‐, Tetra‐ and Hexahydrophosphinine Oxides (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Increasing Thyromimetic Potency through Halogen Substitution (2016)

Sobetirome is one of the most studied thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ)-selective thyromimetics in the field due to its excellent selectivity and potency. A small structural change-replacing the 3,5-dimethyl groups of sobetirome with either chlorine or bromine-produces significantly more potent compounds, both in vitro and in vivo. These halogenated compounds induce transactivation of a TRβ-mediated cell-based reporter with an EC<sub>50</sub> value comparable to that of T3, access the central nervous system (CNS) at levels similar to their parent, and activate an endogenous TR-regulated gene in the brain with an EC<sub>50</sub> value roughly five-fold lower than that of sobetirome. Previous studies suggest that this apparent increase in affinity can be explained by halogen bonding between the ligand and a backbone carbonyl group in the receptor. This makes the new analogues potential candidates for treating CNS disorders that may respond favorably to thyroid-hormone-stimulated pathways.
Preparation and characterization of thermomechanical properties of aluminum titanate (TiAl2O5) (2015)

International audience
Vaccinia Virus Nonstructural Protein Encoded by the A11R Gene Is Required for Formation of the Virion Membrane (2005)

The vaccinia virus A11R gene has orthologs in all known poxvirus genomes, and the A11 protein has been previously reported to interact with the putative DNA packaging protein A32 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Using antisera raised against A11 peptides, we show that the A11 protein was (i) expressed at late times with an apparent mass of 40 kDa, (ii) not incorporated into virus particles, (iii) phosphorylated independently of the viral F10 kinase, (iv) coimmunoprecipitated with A32, and (v) localized to the viral factory. To determine the role of the A11 protein and test whether it is indeed involved in DNA packaging, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus with an inducible A11R gene. This recombinant was dependent on inducer for single-cycle growth and plaque formation. In the absence of inducer, viral late proteins were produced at normal levels, but proteolytic processing and other posttranslational modifications of some proteins were inhibited, suggesting a block in virus particle assembly. Consistent with this observation, electron microscopy of cells infected in the absence of inducer showed virus factories with abnormal electron-dense viroplasms and intermediate density regions associated with membranes and containing the D13 protein. However, no viral membrane crescents, immature virions, or mature virions were produced. The requirement for nonvirion protein A11 in order to make normal viral membranes was an unexpected and exciting finding, since neither the origin of these membranes nor their mechanism of formation in the cytoplasm of infected cells is understood.
Transmission Electron Microscope Nanosculpting of Topological Insulator Bismuth Selenide (2018)

We present a process for sculpting Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> nanoflakes into application-relevant geometries using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. This process takes several minutes to sculpt small areas and can be used to cut the Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> into wires and rings, to thin areas of the Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>, and to drill circular holes and lines. We determined that this method allows for sub 10 nm features and results in clean edges along the drilled regions. Using in situ high-resolution imaging, selected area diffraction, and atomic force microscopy, we found that this lithography process preserves the crystal structure of Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>. TEM sculpting is more precise and potentially results in cleaner edges than does ion-beam modification; therefore, the promise of this method for thermoelectric and topological devices calls for further study into the transport properties of such structures.
Characterization and structure of a fiber of BaO–SnO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>glass with a very small photoelastic constant (2018)

The optical properties of a BaO–SnO–P2O5–B2O3 glass fiber with a very small photoelastic constant are characterized, and its phosphate and borate structure is studied via micro Raman and 31P and 11B magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The characteristics of the lead-free borophosphate fiber are equivalent to those of the developed lead silicate fiber used as an optical component in current transducers. The azimuth of polarized light is maintained through the new fiber with a very small photoelastic constant, which represents a potential new current transducer without hazardous elements. The elucidated structural units of the fiber are pyro- and metaphosphates and tetrahedral borate, which resemble the structural units of a preform glass.
Novel hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite detector designs based on multilayered device architectures: simulation and design (2019)

Cost effective direct conversion detectors for different photon energies that provide high performance are of fundamental importance in medical diagnosis. Conventional direct conversion detectors typically provide either large area devices with moderate performance at reduced costs or expensive high performance architectures with limited size. In order to investigate the feasibility of highly efficient detectors based on low-cost large area processable hybrid organic-inorganic materials, multilayered device architectures consisting of stacked conversion layers are investigated. For this purpose, models that describe the sensitivity and the detective quantum efficiency are extended to the proposed detector design. This enables to evaluate the performance of multilayered detectors based on scintillator-sensitized organic and polycrystalline perovskite materials. A sensitivity analysis based on various multilayered designs at different photon energies shows significantly higher performance of polycrystalline perovskite conversion layers compared to scintillator-sensitized organic materials. The evaluation of detective quantum efficiencies lead to limitations for the number of stacked layers and enables to deduce design rules based on optimal layout parameters. The comparison with conventional single layer detectors shows competitive performance of multilayered detectors compared to high quality single crystals for all investigated photon energies.
Carbothermal shock synthesis of high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (2018)

The controllable incorporation of multiple immiscible elements into a single nanoparticle merits untold scientific and technological potential, yet remains a challenge using conventional synthetic techniques. We present a general route for alloying up to eight dissimilar elements into single-phase solid-solution nanoparticles, referred to as high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs), by thermally shocking precursor metal salt mixtures loaded onto carbon supports [temperature ~2000 kelvin (K), 55-millisecond duration, rate of ~10<sup>5</sup> K per second]. We synthesized a wide range of multicomponent nanoparticles with a desired chemistry (composition), size, and phase (solid solution, phase-separated) by controlling the carbothermal shock (CTS) parameters (substrate, temperature, shock duration, and heating/cooling rate). To prove utility, we synthesized quinary HEA-NPs as ammonia oxidation catalysts with ~100% conversion and >99% nitrogen oxide selectivity over prolonged operations.
The Effect of Methylprednisolone on Caspase-3 Activation after Rat Spinal Cord Transection (2000)

Purpose: Caspase-3 is known as a crucial effector for apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis has recently been recognized as an important cell death mechanism after spinal cord injury (SCI). This study attempts to define the effect of methylprednisolone (MP) on the activation of caspase-3 in the lesioned area following SCI. Methods: Forty-eight rats with a complete transection of the thoracic spinal cord received a placebo or MP (30 mg/kg, iv.) at 5 min, 2 and 4 h post-injury and were then sacrificed at 12, 24 h, 3 or 7 days thereafter. Results: Caspase-3 positive cells in the lesioned area were immunocytochemically observed in both cord stumps and decreased in number with increasing distance from the lesion site. More caspase-3 positive cells were present in the MP-treated group than the control group at all time points, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that the MP-induced decrease of tissue loss following SCI may not involve a reduction of apoptotic cell death.
Ultrasound energy for biomedicine (2012)

For removing tissues and fragmenting stones, removing clots from blood vessels and other undesirable derivatives which can occur in a person's body, it is possible to use the ultrasound energy. Usually the energy generated to the environment by the waveguide is transmitted in the form of intensive acoustic waves of high frequency; tissues are destroyed under their influence, under the direct mechanical effect, or because of the phenomenon of cavitation. Within cavitation, in the liquid effect by the ultrasound frequency of big power, microscopic bubbles filled by vapours or cavities occur which expand fast and explode. These explosions are accompanied by intensive local hydraulic impacts which cause destruction of tissues.[1,2].
Simultaneous implementation of various RF passives using a novel RF MEMS process module and metallized air cavity (2004)

We present a novel device structure applicable to various RF MEMS devices that consist of a dielectric membrane and metallized air cavity. RF MEMS device components are formed on the dielectric membrane, which is suspended above the metallized air cavity. The metallization of the bottom of the air cavity allows us to realize the ground plane. Moreover, by applying the air cavity, the influence of the substrate on the loss characteristics of the device can be minimized. In this paper, we also present a novel RF MEMS process module to realize our proposed device structure. By means of our RF MEMS process module, four RF passives could be successfully developed. The implementation of these passives could be achieved simultaneously on the same silicon substrate. Our fabricated passives are a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW), a 90° hybrid, an elliptic low pass filter (LPF) and an inductor. All of them are fabricated on a silicon nitride membrane suspended above the 30 µm deep metallized air cavity. They have been developed as components of a wireless communication transceiver module at 12 GHz. We performed characteristics measurement and obtained 2.03 dB and 2.18 dB as insertion losses, and 21.63 dB as the return loss for the 90° hybrid at 12 GHz. For the elliptic LPF and GCPW, we obtained the insertion losses at 12 GHz as 1.86 dB and 0.1 dB mm−1, respectively. The measurement results are also in agreement with the simulation results. Our proposed device structure and RF MEMS process module have the advantages in terms of loss characteristics, manufacturing cost and applicability.
Study of the performance of optical-grade germanium infrared materials using various optical characterization techniques (2005)

Optimization of the optical quality of optical-grade germanium components requires an in-depth investigation of the different contributions to the optical loss in germanium. In this paper we therefore focus on this optical characterization. We give an overview of possible characterization techniques to determine surface roughness, surface/bulk absorption and refractive index inhomogeneities and we highlight the obtained optical characteristics. To conclude we select the most appropriate non-destructive characterization tool for each optical parameter.
Power-saving approach for driving integrated FET gas sensors (2011)

A new approach for driving integrated FET gas sensors, performing a current-voltage conversion, and, simultaneously, reducing power dissipation is presented. The proposed approach is experimentally tested on an integrated Porous Silicon JFET (PSJFET) sensor upon exposure to hundreds ppb of NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The PSJFET is a p-channel JFET integrating a meso-structured PS layer between drain and source. The PS layer acts as a sensing gate and allows the JFET current to change upon adsorption/desorption of analytes. An electric gate is also available and allows the JFET current to be electrically tuned independently from analytes. A negative feedback loop is used to modulate the electrical gate voltage in order to compensate for PSJFET source-drain current variation induced by adsorption of analytes in the sensing gate, and hence to reduce the sensor power dissipation. The negative feedback loop also allows implementing an intrinsic current-voltage conversion of the sensor signal. Experimental results on the dynamic characterization of PSJFET driven according to the proposed power-saving approach are reported for several NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentrations (up to 500ppb), at room temperature operation.
<i>RETRACTED:</i> The <i>Escherichia coli ycbQRST</i> operon encodes fimbriae with laminin‐binding and epithelial cell adherence properties in Shiga‐toxigenic <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 (2009)

The human pathogen Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 contains a ycbQRST fimbrial-like operon, which shares significant homology to the family of F17 fimbrial biogenesis genes f17ADCG found in enterotoxigenic E. coli. We report that growth of STEC O157:H7 strain EDL933 in minimal Minca medium at 37°C and during adherence to epithelial cells led to the production of fine peritrichous fimbriae, which were found to be composed of a major subunit of 18 kDa whose N-terminal amino acid sequence matched the predicted protein product of the ycbQ gene; and showed significant homology to the F17a-A fimbrin. Similar to the F17 fimbriae, the purified STEC fimbriae and the recombinant YcbQ protein fused to a His peptide tag bound laminin, but not fibronectin or collagen. Thus, we propose the name E. coli YcbQ laminin-binding fimbriae (ELF) to designate the fimbriae encoded by the ycbQRST operon. The role of ELF as an adherence factor of STEC to cultured epithelial cells was investigated. We provide compelling evidence demonstrating that ELF contributes to adherence of STEC to human intestinal epithelial cells and to cow and pig gut tissue in vitro. Deletion in the fimbrin subunit gene elfA (or ycbQ) in STEC strain EDL933 led to an isogenic strain, which showed significant reduction (60%) in adherence to HEp-2 cells in comparison with the parental strain. In addition, antibodies against the purified ELF also partially blocked adherence of two STEC O157:H7 strains. These observations suggest that ELF functions as an accessory adherence factor that, along with other known redundant adhesins, contributes to the overall adhesive properties of STEC O157:H7 providing these organisms with ecological advantages to survive in different hosts and in the environment.
Some mononuclear seven-co-ordinate rhenium(<scp>III</scp>) carbonyl complexes; the crystal and molecular structure of (2,2′-bipyridyl)tribromodicarbonylrhenium(<scp>III</scp>) (1978)

Treatment of fac-[ReX(CO)3(diamine)] with halogens has afforded the seven-co-ordinate rhenium(III) complexes [ReX3(CO)2(diamine)][diamine = 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy), X = Cl or Br; diamine = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, X = Br]. Infrared evidence suggests that [ReBr3(CO)2(diamine)](diamine = 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2′-biquinolyl) and [ReBr3(CO)2(amine)2](amine = pyridine or 2-methylpyridine) may be formed in an analogous manner, but the desired products could not be separated from rhenium(IV) bromo-complexes also formed in the bromination reactions. Crystals of [ReBr3(CO)2(bipy)] are monoclinic, with a= 7.062(8), b= 14.914(8), c= 14.186(12)Å, β= 100.8(1)°, Z= 4, and space group P21/c. 1 120 Independent reflections above background have been collected on a diffractometer and refined to R 0.079. The metal atom has a distorted capped-octahedral environment in which a carbonyl group occupies the capping position [1.96(5)Å], a carbonyl group [1.96(3)Å], a nitrogen atom of the bidenate ligand [2.22(3)Å], and a bromine atom [2.635(5)Å] make up the capped face, and two bromine atoms [2.551(5) and 2.576(4)Å] and the other nitrogen atom [2.15(2)Å] complete the uncapped face.
Unsupervised speaker adaptation based on sufficient HMM statistics of selected speakers (2002)

Describes an efficient method for unsupervised speaker adaptation. This method is based on (1) selecting a subset of speakers who are acoustically close to a test speaker, and (2) calculating adapted model parameters according to the previously stored sufficient HMM statistics of the selected speakers' data. In this method, only a few unsupervised test speaker's data are required for the adaptation. Also, by using the sufficient HMM statistics of the selected speakers' data, a quick adaptation can be done. Compared with a pre-clustering method, the proposed method can obtain a more optimal speaker cluster because the clustering result is determined according to test speaker's data on-line. Experimental results show that the proposed method attains better improvement than MLLR from the speaker independent model. Moreover the proposed method utilizes only one unsupervised sentence utterance, while MLLR usually utilizes more than ten supervised sentence utterances.
Implémentation d'un circuit électromécanique d'une cellule pMUT vibrant dans l'air (2022)

International audience
Electromagnetic Tomography for Detection, Differentiation, and Monitoring of Brain Stroke: A Virtual Data and Human Head Phantom Study (2017)

Brain stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide [1]. It can be classified as ischemic stroke (i-stroke), e.g., blood flow is restricted by a blood clot, or hemorrhagic stroke (h-stroke), e.g., a bleeding in the brain. Approximately 80% of total stroke cases are ischemic. The most common treatment for i-stroke to date is the use of thrombolytics: drugs that dissolve the blood clots. The clinical decision to apply a thrombolytic should be made within 3-4.5 h from the onset of the stroke symptoms (e.g., [2]), and it relies on imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Further evaluation of stroke evolution is done mainly by imaging to assess the extent of the ischemic injury and to correlate with the functional behavior of the patient. However, to date there is no accurate way to provide reliable information about the key components of i-stroke physiology that include the position and size of the acute stroke (arterial occlusion), the core infarct region that contains irreversibly injured tissues, and the ischemic penumbra, i.e., the tissue that could potentially be restored by rapid revascularization [1], [3].