gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma density ramp for relativistic self-focusing of an intense laser (2007)

It is known that a high-power laser propagating through an underdense plasma can acquire a minimum spot size due to relativistic self-focusing. Beyond the focus, the nonlinear refraction starts weakening, and the spot size of the laser increases, showing periodic self-focusing/ defocusing behavior with the distance of propagation. To overcome the defocusing, we propose the introduction of a localized upward plasma density ramp. In the presence of an upward ramp of plasma density, the laser beam obtains a minimum spot size and maintains it with only a mild ripple. For suitable parameters of the laser and the plasma, we have deduced conditions for the self-focusing. This kind of plasma density ramp may be observed in a gas-jet plasma experiment and resembles a plasma lens.
Acute Sinus Node Dysfunction after Atrial Ablation: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management (2016)

ASND is a rare complication of atrial ablation. It may be more common when peri-SVC ablation is performed and may necessitate permanent pacemaker implantation.
A probabilistic approach to predict the very high‐cycle fatigue behaviour of spheroidal graphite cast iron structures (2000)

A new probabilistic approach is developed to study structures made of spheroidal graphite cast iron and subjected to very high‐cycle fatigue. Until now, the probabilistic approach was based on S–N curves obtained from experiments carried out only until 10 7 cycles. To validate this approach, failure predictions relating to the safety of components are computed and compared to experimental results. In addition to this development, an extension is proposed in order to improve the very long life assessment of complex structures. An extrapolation of the previous fatigue results to 10 9 –10 11 cycles illustrates the error made on cumulative failure probabilities. Finally, the respective influence of the casting flaw distribution, volume and stress field heterogeneity within specimens and industrial components is studied.
Proceedings. 2005 International Conference on Parallel Processing (2005)

The following topics are dealt with: processor scheduling; resource allocation; overlay networks; processor architecture; program compilers; on-chip parallelism; message passing; virtual network; optical network; shared memory computing; peer-to-peer computing; ad-hoc network; network performance; grid computing; mobile computing; interconnection networks; cross-node clustering.
Porous gold structures through templating by echinoid skeletal plates (2000)

Porous gold structures with nearly regular 15 μm channels have been prepared by a novel route in which the calcium carbonate skeletal plates of echinoids (sea urchins) are used as templates.
Global identity management of virtual machines based on remote secure elements (2014)

The work presented in this paper is part of the cooperative project Security for Future Networks (SecFuNet), which aims to develop a security framework for Cloud Computing. This framework introduces, among many services, authentication and authorization controls for Cloud Computing environments. The objective is to develop a highly secure identification scheme based on Authentication and Authorization Infrastructures. A particularly innovative aspect of SecFuNet is related to the global Identity Management (IdM) system. The proposed scheme is important for the security of the entire framework. The identification system is based on secure microcontrollers. One of the ambitious goals of SecFuNet is to demonstrate and experiment these proposals of IdM in order to reach a standard solution for identifying users and nodes in the SecFuNet architecture. The SecFuNet identity model addresses two kinds of elements: users and nodes. For each of them an identity platform is provided dealing with OpenID Server, and grids of secure elements.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Presence of Water for the Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Investigation of Caffeine Extraction Mechanism (2022)

Spent coffee grounds are a promising bioresource that naturally contain around 50 wt% moisture which requires, for a valorization, a drying step of high energy and economic costs. However, the natural water in spent coffee grounds could bring new benefits as a co-solvent during the supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>). This work reports the influence and optimization of pressure (115.9-284.1 bars), temperature (33.2-66.8 °C), and moisture content (6.4-73.6 wt%) on simultaneous extraction of lipids and polar molecules contained in spent coffee grounds by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>) using Central Composite Rotatable Design and Response Surface Methodology. The results show that for lipids extraction, pressure is the most influent parameter, although the influence of moisture content is statistically negligible. This suggests that water does not act as barrier to CO<sub>2</sub> diffusion in the studied area. However, moisture content is the most influent parameter for polar molecules extraction, composed of 99 wt% of caffeine. Mechanism investigations highlight that H<sub>2</sub>O mainly act by (i) breaking caffeine interactions with chlorogenic acids present in spent coffee grounds matrix and (ii) transferring selectively caffeine without chlorogenic acid by liquid/liquid extraction with SC-CO<sub>2</sub>. Thus, the experiment for the optimization of lipids and polar molecules extraction is performed at a pressure of 265 bars, a temperature of 55 °C, and a moisture content of 55 wt%.
Three parkin gene mutations in a sibship with autosomal recessive early onset parkinsonism (2001)

The objective was to describe a family with autosomal recessive, early onset parkinsonism, with affected siblings carrying three different exon rearrangements in the parkin gene. The living affected siblings were personally examined. Molecular genetic analyses included exon dosage of the parkin gene using a semiquantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol and haplotype analysis. The index case was a compound heterozygote with a deletion of exon 5 and a duplication of exon 3. His affected sister was a compound heterozygote for a deletion of exon 5 and a deletion of exons 3-9. Haplotype analysis confirmed the presence of three mutant alleles at the parkin locus. The phenotype was early onset parkinsonism with marked response to levodopa, and a very slow, prolonged course. In conclusion, the frequency of mutations in the parkin gene in certain populations might be high enough to cause allelic heterogeneity in the same sibship.
Mineral content in semiarid grassland systems as affected by community structure and soil characteristics (1996)

Les concentrations des nutriments dans la vegetation et leurs rapports avec la composition botanique et les caracteristiques pedologiques ont ete analyses pendant deux annees consecutives dans des pâturages semi-arides (centre-ouest de I'Espagne) affectes par un gradient topographique. Un effet significatif de la position dans le coteau a ete observe sur la production de biomasse epigee, sur les caracteristiques du sol et sur les teneurs en nutriments dans les tissus vegetaux. Par rapport aux zones superieures et moyennes du gradient, les zones inferieures du coteau montrent une plus forte production de biomasse epigee, une plus faible proportion de dicotyledones, une plus forte proportion de graminees, de plus fortes concentrations en N, Ca, Mg et Na dans les groupes botaniques et de plus faibles concentrations en P et K dans les composants botaniques. Une analyse de regression multiple pas a pas a demontre que la composition botanique et sa teneur specifique en mineraux ont une plus forte influence sur les teneurs en N, P, K, Ca et Mg dans la communaute herbacee que les caracteristiques pedologiques. Tenant compte des composants botaniques dans la communaute, on a pu observer que plusieurs proprietes pedologiques (matiere organique, azote total, carbone total, sable grossier) sont significativement correlees avec les teneurs en N. Ca, Mg et Na des graminees, des legumineuses et des dicotyledones, ce qui indique une augmentation des concentrations dans les tissus vegetaux avec un statut eutrophique croissant du sol des zones amont aux zones aval du coteau. Les teneurs en P et K des legumineuses et des dicotyledones varient selon les niveaux de P ou de K dans le sol, lesquels decroissent des parties amont et intermediaires jusqu'aux zones aval.
Effects upon in-vivo nicotine metabolism reveal functional variation in FMO3 associated with cigarette consumption (2012)

These findings suggest that common polymorphisms in FMO3 influence nicotine clearance and that these genetic variants in turn influence cigarette consumption.
Clinically decisive (dis)agreement in multidisciplinary team assessment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; a prospective, national, multicenter study (2021)

Esophageal cancer MDT conferences had an acceptable interobserver agreement on resectability and TM categories; however, the operability assessment had a high level of disagreement. Consequently, the agreement on treatment strategy was reduced with a potential clinical impact. In future MDT conferences, emphasis should be on prioritizing the relevant information being readily available (operability, T & M categories) to minimize the risk of disagreement in the assessments and treatment strategies, and thus, delayed or suboptimal treatment.
Maternal-fetal medicine (2002)

St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK Correspondence to Prof Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK. Tel: +44 (0) 208 725 5959; fax: +44 (0) 208 725 5958; e-mail: [email protected]
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNESIATE IONS IN SOLUTIONS AND SOLIDS PREPARED FROM DIALKYLMAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS AND CRYPTANDS (1985)

Abstract Durch Zugabe eines 2.2.1‐, 2.1.1‐ oder 2.2.2‐Kryptanden zu Lösungen von MgEt 2 und Pyridin in Et 2 O (25°C, 24 h) wird deren Reaktion stark beschleunigt und führt zur Bildung der Produkte (I) und (II), deren Ausb. (0.5‐20% bzw. 2‐31%) von den relativen molaren Mengen der Ausgangsprodukte einschließlich des Zusatzes abhängt.
On the placement of Web server replicas (2002)

There has been an increasing deployment of content distribution networks (CDNs) that offer hosting services to Web content providers. CDNs deploy a set of servers distributed throughout the Internet and replicate provider content across these servers for better performance and availability than centralized provider servers. Existing work on CDNs has primarily focused on techniques for efficiently redirecting user requests to appropriate CDN servers to reduce request latency and balance load. However, little attention has been given to the development of placement strategies for Web server replicas to further improve CDN performance. We explore the problem of Web server replica placement in detail. We develop several placement algorithms that use workload information, such as client latency and request rates, to make informed placement decisions. We then evaluate the placement algorithms using both synthetic and real network topologies, as well as Web server traces, and show that the placement of Web replicas is crucial to CDN performance. We also address a number of practical issues when using these algorithms, such as their sensitivity to imperfect knowledge about client workload and network topology, the stability of the input data, and methods for obtaining the input.
In Vivo Evidence That the Stromelysin-3 Metalloproteinase Contributes in a Paracrine Manner to Epithelial Cell Malignancy (1998)

Stromelysin-3 (ST3; Basset, P., J.P. Bellocq, C. Wolf, I. Stoll, P. Hutin, J.M. Limacher, O.L. Podhajcer, M.P. Chenard, M.C. Rio, P. Chambon. 1990. Nature. 348:699-704) is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expressed in mesenchymal cells located close to epithelial cells, during physiological and pathological tissue remodeling processes. In human carcinomas, high ST3 levels are associated with a poor clinical outcome, suggesting that ST3 plays a role during malignant processes. In this study we report the ST3 gene inactivation by homologous recombination. Although ST3 null mice (ST3-/-) were fertile and did not exhibit obvious alterations in appearance and behavior, the lack of ST3 altered malignant processes. Thus, the suppression of ST3 results in a decreased 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced tumorigenesis in ST3-/- mice. Moreover, ST3-/- fibroblasts have lost the capacity to promote implantation of MCF7 human malignant epithelial cells in nude mice (P < 0.008). Finally, we show that this ST3 paracrine function requires extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated growth factors. Altogether, these findings give evidence that ST3 promotes, in a paracrine manner, homing of malignant epithelial cells, a key process for both primary tumors and metastases. Therefore, ST3 represents an appropriate target for specific MMP inhibitor(s) in future therapeutical approaches directed against the stromal compartment of human carcinomas.
Solving the Maximum Independent Set Problem using Coupled Relaxation Oscillators (2019)

We propose a novel non-Boolean approach that leverages the unique phase dynamics of coupled relaxation oscillators to solve the computationally intractable maximum independent set (MIS; largest sub-graph having no connected vertices) problem in graphs (Fig. 1). Our hardware-centric computing scheme exploits the electrically induced abrupt insulator-metal phase transition (IMT) in VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , stabilized by a negative feedback, to realize the oscillatory behavior; subsequently, we show that a capacitively coupled system of such oscillators exhibits unique phase dynamics which can be directly mapped to the independent sets (ISs), and thus, the MIS of the network (and topologically equivalent graph). Furthermore, we show the application of this physics-based approach in designing encoding/decoding schemes for data transmission with inherent error correcting capability. Finally, we benchmark our results with existing methods, and show that our hardware enables an efficient approach to solving the NP-Hard MIS problem.
Discussion: “Mechanism Link Rotatability and Limit Position Analysis Using Polynomial Discriminants” (Williams II, R. L., and Reinholtz, C. F., 1987, ASME J. Mech. Transm. Autom. Des., 109, pp. 178–182) (1987)

The coefficients of equation ( 10), the quartic rotation polynomial for the RRSS mechanism, are given as follows:
A compact plasmonic MOS‐based 2×2 electro‐optic switch (2015)

Abstract We report on a three‐waveguide electro‐optic switch for compact photonic integrated circuits and data routing applications. The device features a plasmonic metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) mode for enhanced light‐matter‐interactions. The switching mechanism originates from a capacitor‐like design where the refractive index of the active medium, indium‐tin‐oxide, is altered via shifting the plasma frequency due to carrier accumulation inside the waveguide‐based MOS structure. This light manipulation mechanism controls the transmission direction of transverse magnetic polarized light into either a CROSS or BAR waveguide port. The extinction ratio of 18 (7) dB for the CROSS (BAR) state, respectively, is achieved via a gating voltage bias. The ultrafast broadband fJ/bit device allows for seamless integration with silicon‐on‐insulator platforms for low‐cost manufacturing.
Biostimulation of Tomato Growth and Suppression of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot Disease Using Fungi Naturally Associated to Lycium arabicum (2018)

Seven fungal agents were isolated from native Lycium arabicum plants growing in the Tunisian Centre-East and were screened for their ability to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL) development and to promote plant growth. They were shown able to colonize tomato roots, crowns and stems. Seedlings inoculated or not with FORL and treated with these fungal isolates showed significant increments in all studied growth parameters (root length, shoot height, and fresh weight of roots and shoots). Tested as conidial suspensions or cell-free culture filtrates, I15 and I18 isolates were found to be the most active leading to 85.7-87.5% decrease in leaf and root damage index and to 93.6-98.4% lowered vascular browning extent over FORL-inoculated and untreated control. These two bioactive and growth-promoting isolates (I15 and I18) were microscopically and macroscopically characterized and identified using rDNA sequencing gene as being Alternaria alternata (MF693801) and Fusarium fujikuroi (MF693802). FORL mycelial growth was inhibited by 36.4-77.4 and 62.2-81% using their conidial suspensions and cell-free culture filtrates, respectively. Both isolates showed chitinolytic, proteolytic and amylase activities but lipolytic activity was displayed by F. fujikuroi (MF693802) only. To the best of our Knowledge, this is the first study that shows the potential use of fungi naturally associated to L. arabicum for suppression of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot and enhancement of tomato growth.
Practical Guidelines for Evaluation of Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome (2009)

Loose anagen hair syndrome is a common nonscarring alopecia in young girls with a history of sparse or fine hair. Before ordering extensive blood testing in young girls with diffusely thin hair, it is important to perform a hair-pull test, as a trichogram can be instrumental in the confirmation of a diagnosis of LAHS.
Optical spectral signatures of liquids by means of fiber optic technology for product and quality parameter identification (2009)

Absorption spectroscopy in the wide 200-1700 nm spectral range is carried out by means of optical fiber instrumentation to achieve a digital mapping of liquids for the prediction of important quality parameters. Extra virgin olive oils from Italy and lubricant oils from turbines with different degrees of degradation were considered as 'case studies'. The spectral data were processed by means of multivariate analysis so as to obtain a correlation to quality parameters. In practice, the wide range absorption spectra were considered as an optical signature of the liquids from which to extract product quality information. The optical signatures of extra virgin olive oils were used to predict the content of the most important fatty acids. The optical signatures of lubricant oils were used to predict the concentration of the most important parameters for indicating the oil's degree of degradation, such as TAN, JOAP anti-wear index, and water content.
The Timing of Alluvial Activity in Gale Crater, Mars (2014)

The Curiosity rover's discovery of rocks preserving evidence of past habitable conditions in Gale crater highlights the importance of constraining the timing of responsible depositional settings to understand the astrobiological implications for Mars. Crater statistics and mapping reveal the bulk of the alluvial deposits in Gale, including those interrogated by Curiosity, were likely emplaced during the Hesperian, thereby implying that habitable conditions persisted after the Noachian. Crater counting data sets and upper Peace Vallis fan morphology also suggest a possible younger period of fluvial activation that deposited ~10–20 m of sediments on the upper fan after emplacement of the main body of the fan. If validated, water associated with later alluvial activity may have contributed to secondary diagenetic features in Yellowknife Bay.
OFDM Transmission Technique (2011)

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technique can efficiently deal with multi-path propagation effects especially in broadband radio channels. It also has a high degree of system flexibility in multiple access schemes by combining the conventional TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA approaches with the OFDM modulation procedure, which is especially important in the uplink of a multi-user system. In OFDM-FDMA schemes carrier synchronization and the resulting sub-carrier orthogonality plays an important role to avoid any multiple access interferences (MAI) in the base station receiver. An additional technical challenge in system design is the required amplifier linearity to avoid any non-linear effects caused by a large peak-to-average ratio (PAR) of an OFDM signal. The OFDM transmission technique is used for the time being in some broadcast applications (DVB-T, DAB, DRM) and wireless local loop (WLL) standards (HIPERLAN/2, IEEE 802.11a) but OFDM has not been used so far in cellular communication networks. The general idea of the OFDM scheme is to split the total bandwidth into many narrowband sub-channels which are equidistantly distributed on the frequency axis. The sub-channel spectra overlap each other but the sub-carriers are still orthogonal in the receiver and can therefore be separated by a Fourier transformation. The system flexibility and use of sub-carrier specific adaptive modulation schemes in frequency selective radio channels are some advantages which make the OFDM transmission technique a strong and technically attractive candidate for the next generation of mobile communications. The objective of this chapter is to describe an OFDM-based system concept for the fourth generation (4G) of mobile communications and to discuss all technical details when establishing a cellular network which requires synchronization in time and frequency domain with sufficient accuracy. In this cellular environment a flexible frequency division multiple access scheme based on OFDM-FDMA is developed and a radio resource management (RRM) employing dynamic channel allocation (DCA) techniques is used. A purely decentralized and self-organized synchronization technique using specific test signals and RRM techniques based on co-channel interference (CCI) measurements has been developed and will be described in this chapter.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Reference Climate and Recent Change (2018)

Kommunikative Begleitung Reference climate and recent change
AlN PMUT-based Ultrasonic Power Transfer Links for Implantable Electronics (2019)

The present work reports on the first demonstration of acoustic power transfer through the use of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Piezoelectric Micro Machined Ultrasonic Transducer (PMUT) arrays at transmission distances suitable for intra-body powering applications. In contrast to Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), used as the piezoelectric in state-of-the-art devices, AlN offers higher biocompatibility and the possibility of single chip integration with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. An output power of 1 μW, from a minute (8 mm x 8 mm x 300 μm) PMUT array chip, was achieved on an optimal 330 Ω load. The operating frequency was 2 MHz, through a distance of 4 cm, in an oil medium resembling intra-body conditions. This implementation is a critical step towards increasingly miniaturized, highly integrated implantable circuits.
Two Dimensional Radar Imaging Algorithm of Bistatic Millimeter Wave Radar for FOD Detection on Runways (2018)

We are investigating the millimeter wave radar system to cover the vast space with high range resolution. These challenges are owing to the combination of 90GHz millimeter wave and Radio over Fiber (RoF) technologies. In this paper, we introduce millimeter wave radar technology networked using RoF. In addition, we introduce 2-D radar image generation from three 1-D distance measurement results. And we show the measurement results conducted in the laboratory.