gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Techniques for Solution- Assisted Optical Contacting (2012)

A document discusses a solution-assisted contacting technique for optical contacting. An optic of surface flatness Lambda/20 was successfully contacted with one of moderate surface quality, or Lambda/4. Optics used were both ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass (Lambda/4 and Lambda/20) and fused silica (Lambda/20). A stainless steel template of the intended interferometer layout was designed and constructed with three contact points per optic. The contact points were all on a common side of the template. The entire contacting jig was tilted at about 30 . Thus, when the isopropanol was applied, each optic slid due to gravity, resting on the contact points. All of the contacting was performed in a relatively dusty laboratory. A number of successful contacts were achieved where up to two or three visible pieces of dust could be seen. These were clearly visible due to refraction patterns between the optic and bench. On a number of optics, the final step of dropping isopropyl between the surfaces was repeated until a successful contact was achieved. The new procedures realized in this work represent a simplification for optical contacting in the laboratory. They will both save time and money spent during the contacting process, and research and development phases. The techniques outlined are suitable for laboratory experiments, research, and initial development stages.
ChemInform Abstract: Mn(Salen)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C—H Amination. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Finite element modelling of a single-particle impact during abrasive waterjet milling (2011)

In this study, an attempt has been made to study the basic aspects of abrasive waterjet (AWJ) controlled-depth process using the finite element (FE) method to predict the profile of the crater produced by single particle impact rather than to perform first the simulation of full jet plume impingement. It is believed that the first should be a sine-qua-non-condition for developing the multiparticle impingement simulation to address the real-life AWJ milling process. The main objective of this article is to simulate and experimentally validate the profile of the craters at different impact angles of particles accelerated with waterjet. The workpiece material modelled is a Ti-based superalloy (Ti–6Al–4V) extensively used in the aerospace industry. The current model takes into account the effects of high-strain rate plastic deformation and adiabatic heating. The FE-simulated profiles of the craters are found to be in good agreement with experimentally generated data. The presented work provides a good (experimentally validated) basis for further FE modelling of the AWJ milling process, where influences such as particles’ shape, rotation, and multiple overlapping impacts can be further investigated.
The Cell and Molecular Biology of Glaucoma: Axonopathy and the Brain (2012)

Many ophthalmologists and members of the lay public alike view glaucoma in its historical context—that is, as exclusively a disease of the eye. This view has been (and remains) overwhelmingly pervasive because the etiology of the disease involves so many factors associated with the eye: intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal thickness, optic disc morphology, and so on. Glaucoma is associated with sensitivity to IOP, and lowering IOP through either topical application of hypotensive drugs or surgery is the only form of treatment. Studies of animal models of glaucoma generally incorporate elevations in IOP as a way of mimicking the sort of injury that seems relevant to the human disease. However, although managing IOP can slow disease progression, it is not a cure, and vision loss in glaucoma often continues despite hypotensive regimens. 1 What is most damaging about glaucoma occurs outside of the eye, with degeneration of the optic nerve and its connections to the brain. This process involves the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, some 1.5 million of which comprise the optic nerve in humans. Smaller eyes in experimental models have correspondingly fewer axons. Axon loss is followed eventually by apoptotic elimination of the RGC soma population in the retina. The rate at which degeneration progresses depends on many factors, including treatment efficacy. In the worst case, the loss of RGC neurons and their connections in the optic projection represents a substantial injury to the brain. Some 50% to 60% of the cerebral cortex spread over 40 to 45 distinct visual areas processes information from the retina via the optic nerve. In this sense, glaucoma is the premier age-related optic neuropathy and is becoming more prevalent as the population ages. Since the retina and optic nerve are part of the central nervous system, they lack the limited but intrinsic capacity of peripheral nervous system neurons for self-repair. Thus, identifying new neurocentric therapies for glaucoma is important, not only for preserving vision as the population ages, but also for translation to new treatments for other age-related brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Much of what we learn in glaucoma research from a neurobiological standpoint is now informing research for these other devastating conditions. 2
Design for the periphery (2010)

In everyday life, we are able to perform various activities simultaneously without consciously paying\nattention to them. In line with Weiser and Brown s [25] vision of calm technology, we see major\nopportunities to leverage these skills in interaction with technology by designing interactions that can take place in the periphery of our attention. In order to design such interactions however, a detailed understanding of human attention skills is important. This paper therefore provides an extensive theoretical background on attention theory and links this to the design of interactive systems. The aim is to lay a basis for design-research on interaction design for the periphery.
Epidermolysis bullosa junctionalis progressiva in three siblings (1993)

Three siblings of Swiss origin with epidermolysis bullosa junctionalis progressiva are described. The following clinical features were present from school age: dystrophy of the nails, non-scarring blistering of the skin, mild skin atrophy, hypodontia and dental caries. Light microscopy showed subepidermal blistering. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. On indirect immunofluorescence staining of a fresh spontaneous blister, bullous pemphigoid antigen and laminin were localized to the blister roof, and collagen IV and collagen VII to the blister base, indicating junctional splitting. Electron microscopy revealed a normal dermo-epidermal junction zone, including normal hemidesmosomes. There were no deposits of electron-dense amorphous material.
Word accent and emotion (2010)

In this paper, we address the question whether prosodically/linguistically prominent syllables carrying the word accent (stressed syllables) are better indicators for emotional marking than unstressed syllables.To this aim, we use a large spontaneous database with children interacting with Sony's Aibo robot, annotated with word-based emotion labels, large acoustic-prosodic feature vectors, and support vector machines as classifiers.It turns out that, in most of the cases, stressed syllables are better emotion markers than unstressed syllables.Moreover, we discuss specific phenomena such as vocatives and other constellations, to be modelled in future studies.
Transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasound (<scp>HIFU</scp>) for management of rectosigmoid deep infiltrating endometriosis: results of <scp>Phase‐I</scp> clinical trial (2019)

TR-HIFU therapy for posterior DIE is feasible. If its efficacy and safety are confirmed, it could be a minimally invasive alternative to surgery for the treatment of rectosigmoid endometriosis. © 2019 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Re-evaluation of post-wash sperm is a helpful tool in the decision to perform in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (2011)

The aim of this study was to find discriminatory parameters, based on sperm characteristics on the day of ovum pickup, that can help guide the decision to perform either intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in vitro fertilisation (IVF). We evaluated 112 cycles fertilised with both regular and ICSI insemination during the same cycle. A total of 112 cycles were analysed. In 62 cycles, fertilisation was obtained with both ICSI and IVF, and in 50 cycles, fertilisation was obtained by ICSI alone. The sperm samples were re-evaluated after the preparation process. The mean initial total motile sperm count (TMSC) was 66.3 × 10(6) ± 47.5 in the group that underwent both methods and 23.1 × 10(6) ± 20.4 in the ICSI only group (P < 0.05). After sperm preparation, the mean post-wash TMSC was 4.4 × 10(6) ± 3.4 and 1.06 × 10(6) ± 0.9 respectively (P < 0.05). A cutoff of 1.5 × 10(6) or fewer sperm after preparation as an indicator for ICSI has a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 77%. Re-evaluation of TMSC can prevent unexpected fertilisation failure. Fewer than 1.5 million TMSC after wash should be considered an indication for ICSI fertilisation.
Optimizing the high power input to the LBL 400 MHz proton RFQ (2003)

Based on the initial design values and results of the alignment and low-power testing of the novel 400-MHz RF quadrupole (RFQ) produced at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, the RF input power requirement at design gradient with full beam loading is approximately 160 kW. As the quadrant size and design limit the RF drive loop dimensions, the drive port was chosen to accept commercially available equipment of 1 5/8 in. in diameter. Available RF power sources provide 3 1/8 in. diameter coax at the output. The interface between the two coax sizes was chosen to be a 1/4 wavelength tapered section with a constant Zo of approximately 500 Omega . The 1 5/8-in. end of the tapered section is mounted directly to the RFQ cavity body. The following items are described: the method used to distribute the power handling limits more evenly; gradients and relative safety factors along the length of the tapered section; impedance matching sections; limiting factors and their subsequent treatment; and high-power test results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Association of Ustekinumab Concentrations Using Anser® UST Mobility Shift Assay and Clinical Response in Crohnʼs Disease (2017)

Introduction: Ustekinumab (UST), a monoclonal antibody to the p40 subunit shared by interleukins-12 and -23, is approved for treatment of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Concentrations of other monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) have been associated with clinical and endoscopic outcomes in CD. The aim of this study was to measure UST concentrations and antibodies to UST (ATU) in sera from patients with Crohn's disease using a commercial grade, drug tolerant test ANSER®UST. Methods: A homogenous mobility shift assay (HMSA) was developed and validated for measuring UST and ATU concentrations in human serum samples. Serum specimens (N=19) from anti-TNFα refractory CD patients receiving UST maintenance treatment were analyzed (Table 1). Clinical response was defined as >50% reduction in symptoms based on physician global assessment (scores of 0-3: ranging from 0 indicating a lack of response to 3 indicating complete response). Mucosal healing was defined as the absence of ulcers on endoscopy. Serum concentrations of CRP and TNFa were measured using electrochemiluminescent and immunoassays, respectively. Two-sample t-test and Fisher's Exact test were used for the statistical analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Table: Table. Patient CharacteristicsResults: Dynamic range for the quantitation of ANSER®UST test was 1.56-25 μg/mL (UST) and 1.56-100 U/ml (ATU), inter- and intra-assay precision was < 10% CV and accuracy was within 20%. A wide range of serum UST concentrations were observed in the analyzed patient cohort (min: 0.78 μg/mL, max: 20.85 μg/mL), but ATU was not detected in any patient. The median drug concentrations for clinical responders were significantly higher than the non-responders (5.8 μg/mL vs 2.2 μg/mL, p=0.0025) while the median CRP concentrations were lower (2.8 μg/mL vs 10.2 μg/mL, p=0.03) (Figure 1). Patients with mucosal healing had numerically higher median UST concentrations (4.6 μg/mL vs 3.9 μg/mL, p=0.16); however, this was not statistically significant.Figure: Serum UST and CRP Concentrations in Clinical Responders and Non-Responders.Conclusion: Using a drug-tolerant ANSER®UST test, serum UST concentration was associated with clinical response in a real world biologic-experienced CD patient population. Though the number of patients was small, this study demonstrated the utility of serum UST monitoring. A larger cohort of patients will be needed to determine the optimal clinical cut-offs of serum UST that may predict UST responsiveness.
Characterization of a Novel Lipid-A fromRhizobium Species Sin-1 (2002)

The structure of the lipid-A from Rhizobium species Sin-1, a nitrogen-fixing Gram-negative bacterial symbiont of Sesbania, was determined by composition, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric analyses. The lipid-A preparation consisted of a mixture of structures due to differences in fatty acylation and in the glycosyl backbone. There were two different disaccharide backbones. One disaccharide consisted of a distal glucosaminosyl residue beta-linked to position 6 of a proximal 2-aminoglucono-1,5-lactonosyl residue, and in the second disaccharide, the proximal residue was 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-d-erythro-hex-2-enono-1,5-lactone. For both disaccharides, the distal glucosamine was acylated at C-2' primarily with beta-hydroxypalmitate (beta-OHC16:0) which, in turn, was O-acylated with 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid. For some of the lipid-A molecules, the distal glucosaminosyl residue was also acylated at C-3' with beta-hydroxymyristate (beta-OHC14:0), whereas other molecules were devoid of this acyl substituent. Both the 2-aminoglucono-1,5-lactonosyl and 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-d-erythro-hex-2-enono-1,5-lactonosyl residues were acylated at C-2, primarily with beta-OHC16:0. Minor amounts of lipid-A molecules contained beta-OHC14:0 at C-3 and/or beta-hydroxystearate (beta-OHC18:0) or beta-hydroxyoctadecenoate (beta-OHC18:1) as the C-2 and C-2' N-acyl substituents.
Hierarchical IS-IS (2018)

The IS-IS routing protocol was originally defined with a two level
hierarchical structure. This was adequate for the networks at the
time. As we continue to expand the scale of our networks, it is
apparent that additional hierarchy would be a welcome degree of
flexibility in network design. This document defines IS-IS Levels 3
through 8.
Electromagnetic Interference Measurements at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory RF Systems Test Facility (2021)

Robust and repeatable electromagnetic interference and compliance (EMI/C) measurements require specialized test equipment and adherence to a rigorous set of procedures corresponding to the necessary standard. In this work, we describe the EMI/C testing capabilities at the RF Systems Test Facility at MIT Lincoln Laboratory and share the findings from work done in accordance to MIL-STD-461G. Both conducted and radiated emissions were measured on an example RF test artifact in the large near-field anechoic chamber at the facility. CE102, CE106, and RE102 test setups and results are discussed.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor, CG200745, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-induced hypertensive rats (2016)

CG200745 is a novel inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), initially developed for treatment of various hematological and solid cancers. Because it is water-soluble, it can be administered orally. We hypothesized that the HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-induced hypertensive rats. For establishment of hypertension, 40 mg/kg of DOCA was subcutaneously injected four times weekly into Sprague-Dawley rats. All the rats used in this study including those in the sham group had been unilaterally nephrectomized and allowed free access to drinking water containing 1% NaCl. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Blood chemistry including sodium, potassium, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels was analyzed. Sections of the heart were visualized after trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin stain. The expression of hypertrophic genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide A (Nppa) and atrial natriuretic peptide B (Nppb) in addition to fibrotic genes such as Collagen-1, Collagen-3, connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), and Fibronectin were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Injection of DOCA increased systolic blood pressure, heart weight, and cardiac fibrosis, which was attenuated by CG200745. Neither DOCA nor CG200745 affected body weight, vascular contraction and relaxation responses, and blood chemistry. Injection of DOCA increased expression of both hypertrophic and fibrotic genes, which was abrogated by CG200745. These results indicate that CG200745 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-induced hypertensive rats.
Bounds on Eigenvalues of a Spatial Correlation Matrix (2014)

It is critical to understand the properties of spatial correlation matrices in massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We derive new bounds on the extreme eigenvalues of a spatial correlation matrix that is characterized by the exponential model in this paper. The new upper bound on the maximum eigenvalue is tighter than the previously known bound. Moreover, numerical studies show that our new lower bound on the maximum eigenvalue is close to the true maximum eigenvalue in most cases. We also derive an upper bound on the minimum eigenvalue that is also tight. These bounds can be exploited to analyze many wireless communication scenarios including uniform planar arrays, which are expected to be widely used for massive MIMO systems.
PAH Growth Initiated by Propargyl Addition: Mechanism Development and Computational Kinetics (2014)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) growth is known to be the principal pathway to soot formation during fuel combustion, as such, a physical understanding of the PAH growth mechanism is needed to effectively assess, predict, and control soot formation in flames. Although the hydrogen abstraction C2H2 addition (HACA) mechanism is believed to be the main contributor to PAH growth, it has been shown to under-predict some of the experimental data on PAHs and soot concentrations in flames. This article presents a submechanism of PAH growth that is initiated by propargyl (C3H3) addition onto naphthalene (A2) and the naphthyl radical. C3H3 has been chosen since it is known to be a precursor of benzene in combustion and has appreciable concentrations in flames. This mechanism has been developed up to the formation of pyrene (A4), and the temperature-dependent kinetics of each elementary reaction has been determined using density functional theory (DFT) computations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory and transition state theory (TST). H-abstraction, H-addition, H-migration, β-scission, and intramolecular addition reactions have been taken into account. The energy barriers of the two main pathways (H-abstraction and H-addition) were found to be relatively small if not negative, whereas the energy barriers of the other pathways were in the range of (6-89 kcal·mol(-1)). The rates reported in this study may be extrapolated to larger PAH molecules that have a zigzag site similar to that in naphthalene, and the mechanism presented herein may be used as a complement to the HACA mechanism to improve prediction of PAH and soot formation.
Severe-COVID-19 and mortality among patients (pts) with prostate cancer (PCa) receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). (2021)

39 Background: The presence of progressing cancer, male sex and advanced age have been shown to increase the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given that the androgen regulated gene TMPRSS2 has been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, we hypothesized that ADT may improve COVID-19 outcomes. This analysis evaluated clinical outcomes of pts with PCa with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection and investigated the impact of ADT on occurrence of severe-COVID-19 and mortality. Methods: Data was obtained via the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19), a multicenter registry including &gt;120 cancer centers with de-identified data from pts with COVID-19 and cancer. Men with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and a primary diagnosis of prostate cancer were included: data cutoff of July 31, 2020. The primary endpoint was the development of severe-COVID-19 (death, ICU admission, or mechanical ventilation) among pts on ADT vs. those not on ADT at time of COVID-19 infection. Secondary endpoints included 30-day mortality based on ADT use. Mortality and development of severe-COVID-19 were assessed in Pts grouped by therapy: 1st generation androgen receptor inhibitor (ARI-1), 2nd generation ARI (darolutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, ARI-2), abiraterone/prednisone, and chemotherapy. Propensity score matching was utilized. Logistic regression was utilized to adjust for age, ECOG PS, comorbidities, and race. Results: 589 pts were included; median follow-up was 42 days (IQR 25-90) and 62% (363/589) were hospitalized. Severe-COVID-19 developed in 28% of pts and the all-cause 30-day mortality rate was 19%. There was no significant difference in the development of severe-COVID-19 or 30-day mortality between Pts on ADT vs not on ADT, whether using descriptive statistics with the entire population or using the propensity score matched population (Table). Among the descriptive population, the numerical rates of severe-COVID-19 and mortality were lowest in Pts receiving ARI-2, but sample size was low. Conclusions: The overall 30-day mortality rate and percentage developing severe-COVID-19 were high. There was no statistical difference in the development of severe-COVID-19 or mortality based on receipt of ADT; however, this analysis is limited by the retrospective nature and small N after propensity-matching. [Table: see text]
Necrotizing cutaneous lesions complicating treatment with pegylated-interferon alfa in an HIV-infected patient. (2002)

Pegylated interferon alfa is a pegylated formulation of recombinant human interferon (IFN) conjugated with polyethylene-glycol (PEG). The major advantages of this formulation, compared to standard IFN, is a prolonged half-life which allows for once-weekly injection. Its antiviral efficacy in association with ribavirin as a new standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C has been recently documented. Efficacy of PEG-IFN in the therapy of HIV infection is currently being evaluated in prospective pilot studies. We describe herein the first observation of cutaneous necrosis at the sites of PEG-IFN injection in an HIV-infected patient. A 50-year-old man, HIV infected, was treated with antiretroviral bitherapy combining zidovudine and didanosine for 30 months. Weekly subcutaneous injections of PEG-IFN-alpha-2b were started at a dose of 1.5 microg/kg. Nine months later, two successive necrotizing cutaneous lesions developed at the site of injection. The cutaneous ulcerations slowly healed under local therapy without interruption or dose modification of the PEG-IFN. We review the literature on previously reported cases of cutaneous necrosis following standard or pegylated IFN-alpha injection and discuss the different pathophysiological mechanisms that might be involved.