gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autologous herpes simplex virus-infected cells are lysed by human natural killer cells. (1983)

Abstract Fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) have been found to be cytotoxic for certain tumor cells and also for allogeneic cells infected with some viruses; however, it was not determined whether autologous virus-infected cells can be lysed by PBL that are phenotypically natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, we asked whether cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can be lysed by autologous NK cells. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) that are resistant to lysis by NK cells were lysed by autologous PBL from all individuals tested in 5-hr 51Cr-release assays when the LCL were infected overnight with HSV-1. Evidence that the lysis was mediated by NK cells rather than by other effector cells derives from the following findings. First, fresh PBL lysed both autologous and allogeneic HSV-1-infected cells and showed no preference for the lysis of autologous virus-infected cells; this is in contrast to cytotoxic T lymphocytes that were shown to be HLA restricted in lytic activity. Second, PBL from individuals with and without evidence of T cell immunity to HSV-1, as measured by the lymphocyte proliferative response to HSV-1, were cytotoxic for autologous HSV-1-infected cells. Third, the removal of macrophages and B cells did not reduce lytic activity against HSV-infected cells, whereas the removal of cells expressing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG from PBL depleted of macrophages and B cells resulted in the loss of cytotoxic activity against autologous HSV-1 infected cells and also against the widely used NK-sensitive K562 cells. Additional evidence that the lysis of autologous HSV-1-infected cells was mediated by conventional NK cells derives from results showing that the treatment of PBL with interferon augmented cytotoxic activity against the HSV-1-infected cells and against K562 cells to the same extent, the treatment of monocyte-depleted PBL with monoclonal antibodies OKM1 or HNK-1 and complement reduced cytotoxic activity against autologous HSV-1-infected cells and K562 cells to the same extent, and the lysis of both autologous HSV-1-infected cells and K562 cells was mediated nearly exclusively by large granular lymphocytes (LGL) that were positively selected for by an indirect resetting method with the use of monoclonal antibody B73.1, which reacts with most NK cells. The results of cold target inhibition studies suggest that the lysis of autologous HSV-1-infected cells and K562 cells is mediated by overlapping NK cell populations. The results of preliminary experiments with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) indicate that NK cells are also cytotoxic for autologous HSV-2-infected cells. The findings that herpes simplex virus-infected cells can be lysed by autologous NK cells suggest that NK cells may play a role in resistance to or recovery from herpes virus infections.
Optimised paediatric CT dose at a tertiary children's hospital in Japan: a 4-y single-centre analysis (2015)

Since diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for children are not currently established in Japan, the authors determined local DRLs for the full range of paediatric CT examinations in a single tertiary care children's hospital. A retrospective review of 4801 CT performance records for paediatric patients (<15 y old) who had undergone CT examinations from 2008 to 2011 was conducted. The most frequent examinations were of the head (52 %), followed by cardiac (15 %), temporal bone (9 %), abdomen (7 %), chest (6 %) and others (11 %). Approximately one-third of children received two or more CT scans. The authors' investigation showed that mean CTDIvol and DLP for head, chest and abdomen increased as a function of age. Benchmarking of the results showed that CTDIvol, DLP and effective dose for chest and abdomen examinations in this hospital were below average, whereas those for the head tended to be at or slightly above average of established DRL values from five countries. The results suggest that CT examinations as performed in a tertiary children's hospital in Japan are well optimised.
Smart windows based on cholesteric liquid crystals (Conference Presentation) (2017)

With increase in global warming, use of active cooling and heating devices are continuously increasing to maintain interior temperature of built environment, greenhouses and cars. To reduce the consumption of tremendous amount of energy on cooling and heating devices we need an improved control of transparent features (i.e. windows). In this respect, smart window which is capable for reflecting solar infrared energy without interfering with the visible light would be very attractive. Most of the technologies developed so far are to control the visible light. These technologies block visual contact to the outside world which cause negative effects on human health. An appealing method to selectively control infrared transmission is via utilizing the reflection properties of cholesteric liquid crystals. In our research, we have fabricated a smart window which is capable of reflecting different amount of solar infrared energy depending on the specific climate conditions. The reflection bandwidth can be tuned from 120 nm to 1100 nm in the infrared region without interfering with the visible solar radiations. Calculations reveal that between 8% and 45% of incident solar infrared light can be reflected with a single cell. Simulation studies predicted that more than 12% of the energy spent on heating, cooling and lighting in the built environment can be saved by using the fabricated smart window compared to standard double glazing window.
Cationized pullulan 3D matrices as new materials for gene transfer (2007)

This study deals with the development of a novel biocompatible cationized pullulan three-dimensional matrix for gene delivery. A water-soluble cationic polysaccharide, diethylaminoethyl-pullulan (DEAE-pullulan), was first synthesized and characterized. Fluorescence quenching and gel retardation assays evidenced the complexation in solution of DNA with DEAE-pullulan, but not with neutral pullulan. On cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs) incubated with DEAE-pullulan and a plasmid vector expressing a secreted form of alkaline phosphatase (pSEAP), SEAP activity was 150-fold higher than with pSEAP alone or pSEAP with neutral pullulan. DEAE-pullulan was then chemically crosslinked using phosphorus oxychloride. The resulting matrices were obtained in less than a minute and molded as discs of 12 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. Such DEAE-pullulan 3D matrices were loaded with up to 50 microg of plasmid DNA, with a homogeneous plasmid loading observed with YOYO-1 fluorescence staining. Moreover, the DEAE-pullulan matrix was shown to protect pSEAP from DNase I degradation. Incubation of cultured SMCs with pSEAP-loaded DEAE-pullulan matrices resulted in significant gene transfer without cell toxicity. This study suggests that these cationized pullulan 3D matrices could be useful biomaterials for local gene transfer.
Hyperlipidemia and Hyperinsulinemia in the Spontaneous Osteoarthritis Mouse Model, STR/Ort (2009)

Recent studies have focused on the association between primary osteoarthritis and dyslipidemia. STR/Ort mice have unique characteristics including osteoarthritis and hyperlipidemia, and may be a useful model for investigating the effect of dyslipidemia on the underlying mechanism of primary osteoarthritis. However, little is known about the hyperlipidemic properties of STR/Ort mice. In this study we investigated hyperlipidemia and lipotoxicity in STR/Ort mice. STR/Ort mice have human hyperlipidemic patient-like symptoms such as hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dysregulation of NEFA, and low serum adiponectin. Excess triglyceride accumulation in the liver of STR/Ort mice was not observed even when they exhibited hyperinsulinemia. This information may be useful for researchers investigating lipid metabolism and primary osteoarthritis using STR/Ort mice.
Human Cadaver Skin Viability for In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption: Storage and Detrimental Effects of Heat-Separation and Freezing (2005)

Purpose: For decades, human cadaver skin has been banked and utilized by hospitals for burn wounds and to study percutaneous absorption and transdermal delivery. Skin storage maintenance and conﬁrmation of skin viability are important for both uses, especially for the absorption process where the in vivo situation is simulated.
<i>Vibrio natriegens</i> : an ultrafast‐growing marine bacterium as emerging synthetic biology chassis (2020)

The marine bacterium Vibrio natriegens is the fastest-growing non-pathogenic bacterium known to date and is gaining more and more attention as an alternative chassis organism to Escherichia coli. A recent wave of synthetic biology efforts has focused on the establishment of molecular biology tools in this fascinating organism, now enabling exciting applications - from speeding up our everyday laboratory routines to increasing the pace of biotechnological production cycles. In this review, we seek to give a broad overview on the literature on V. natriegens, spanning all the way from its initial isolation to its latest applications. We discuss its natural ecological niche and interactions with other organisms, unveil some of its extraordinary traits, review its genomic organization and give insight into its diverse metabolism - key physiological insights required to further develop this organism into a synthetic biology chassis. By providing a comprehensive overview on the established genetic tools, methods and applications we highlight the current possibilities of this organism, but also identify some of the gaps that could drive future lines of research, hopefully stimulating the growth of the V. natriegens research community.
Dynamic Heterogeneous Scheduling Decisions Using Historical Runtime Data (2011)

Abstract. Heterogeneous systems often employ processing units with a wide spectrum of performance capabilities. Allowing individual applications to make greedy local scheduling decisions leads to imbalance, with underutilization of some devices and excessive contention for others. If we instead allow the system to make global scheduling decisions and assign some applications to a slower device, we can both increase overall system throughput and decrease individual application runtimes. We present a method for dynamically scheduling applications running on heterogeneous platforms in order to maximize overall throughput. The key to our approach is accurately estimating when an application would finish execution on a given device based on historical runtime information, allowing us to make scheduling decisions that are both globally and locally efficient. We evaluate our approach with a set of OpenCL applications running on a system with a multicore CPU and a discrete GPU. We show that scheduling decisions based on historical data can decrease the total runtime by 39 % over GPU-only scheduling and 29 % over scheduling that places each application on its preferred device. 1
Concurrent Estimation of Remaining Useful Life for Multiple Faults in an Ion Etch Mill (2018)

The 2018 PHM Data Challenge posed the problem of estimating Remaining Useful Life (RUL) for multiple faults in ion etch mills. As with any industrial system, run-to-failure data for the mills is not directly available and the mills experience more than one fault at the same time. We propose a novel data-driven methodology to address these challenges and develop a workflow that can be used for concurrent estimation of RUL for multiple faults in ion etch mills in real time. In the proposed approach, operational data of the ion etch mill is used to build a machine learning model for predicting a health score of the mill and to create a library of truncated degradation curves for each fault. These are then utilized for RUL predictions using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) curve matching. Application of the proposed approach to test and validation datasets provided during the data challenge showed reasonable agreement between RUL predictions and the ground truth. The approach proposed here can be extended to other industrial systems and equipment for which historical operational data and failure information is available. This framework will help optimize health management and pave the way for predictive maintenance of industrial equipment.
Exploring the Concept of Seismic Resilience for Acute Care Facilities (2007)

This paper explores the operational and physical resilience of acute care facilities, recognizing that the key dimension of acute care facilities is not a simple engineering unit. Quantification of resilience is first approached from the broader societal context, from which the engineering subproblem is formulated, recognizing that, to operate, hospitals depend intricately on the performance of their physical infrastructure (from the integrity of structural systems and nonstructural systems, lifelines, components, and equipment). Quantification relates the probability of exceeding floor accelerations and interstory drifts within a specified limit space, for the structural and nonstructural performance. Linear and nonlinear structural responses are considered, as well as the impact of retrofit or repair. Impact on time to recovery is considered in all cases. The proposed framework makes it possible to relate probability functions, fragilities, and resilience in a single integrated approach, and to further develop general tools to quantify resilience for sociopolitical‐engineering decisions.
Synthesis of aromatic polyethers by Scholl reaction. VI. Aromatic polyethers by cation-radical polymerization of 4,4'-, 3,3'-, and 2,2'-bis(1-naphthoxy)biphenyls and of 1,3-bis(1-naphthoxy)benzene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of aromatic polyethers by Scholl reaction. VI. Aromatic polyethers by cation-radical polymerization of 4,4'-, 3,3'-, and 2,2'-bis(1-naphthoxy)biphenyls and of 1,3-bis(1-naphthoxy)benzeneVirgil Percec, Shigeru Okita, and James H. WangCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 1, 64–74Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00027a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00027a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views478Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystem Study (NAAMES): Science Motive and Mission Overview (2019)

The North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) is an interdisciplinary investigation to improve understanding of Earth’s ocean ecosystem-aerosol-cloud system. Specific overarching science objectives for NAAMES are to (1) characterize plankton ecosystem properties during primary phases of the annual cycle and their dependence on environmental forcings, (2) determine how these phases interact to recreate each year the conditions for an annual plankton bloom, and (3) resolve how remote marine aerosols and boundary layer clouds are influenced by plankton ecosystems. Four NAAMES field campaigns were conducted in the western subarctic Atlantic between November 2015 and April 2018, with each campaign targeting specific seasonal events in the annual plankton cycle. A broad diversity of measurements were collected during each campaign, including ship, aircraft, autonomous float and drifter, and satellite observations. Here, we present an overview of NAAMES science motives, experimental design, and measurements. We then briefly describe conditions and accomplishments during each of the four field campaigns and provide information on how to access NAAMES data. The intent of this manuscript is to familiarize the broad scientific community with NAAMES and to provide a common reference overview of the project for upcoming publications.
Synthesis of 2′-<i>N</i>-Methylamino-2′-deoxyguanosine and 2′-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylamino-2′-deoxyguanosine and Their Incorporation into RNA by Phosphoramidite Chemistry (2011)

The 2'-hydroxyl groups within RNA contribute in essential ways to RNA structure and function. Previously, we designed an atomic mutation cycle (AMC) that uses ribonucleoside analogues bearing different C-2'-substituents, including -OCH(3), -NH(2), -NHMe, and -NMe(2), to identify hydroxyl groups within RNA that donate functionally significant hydrogen bonds. To enable AMC analysis of the nucleophilic guanosine cofactor in the Tetrahymena ribozyme reaction and at other guanosines whose 2'-hydroxyl groups impart critical functional contributions, we describe here the syntheses of 2'-methylamino-2'-deoxyguanosine (G(NHMe)) and 2'-N,N-dimethylamino-2'-deoxyguanosine (G(NMe(2))) and their corresponding phosphoramidites. The key step in obtaining the nucleosides involved S(N)2 displacement of 2'-β-triflate from an appropriate guanosine derivative by methylamine or dimethylamine. We readily obtained the G(NMe(2)) phosphoramidite and incorporated it into RNA. However, the G(NHMe) phosphoramidite posed a significantly greater challenge due to lack of a suitable -2'-NHMe protecting group. After testing several strategies, we established that allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) provided suitable protection for 2'-N-methylamino group during the phosphoramidite synthesis and the subsequent RNA synthesis. This work enables AMC analysis of guanosine's 2'-hydroxyl group within RNA.
Structural basis of substrate recognition by a polypeptide processing and secretion transporter (2020)

The peptidase-containing ATP-binding cassette transporters (PCATs) are unique members of the ABC transporter family that proteolytically process and export peptides and proteins. Each PCAT contains two peptidase domains that cleave off the secretion signal, two transmembrane domains forming a translocation pathway, and two nucleotide-binding domains that hydrolyze ATP. Previously the crystal structures of a PCAT from <i>Clostridium thermocellum</i> (PCAT1) were determined in the absence and presence of ATP, revealing how ATP binding regulates the protease activity and access to the translocation pathway. However, how the substrate CtA, a 90-residue polypeptide, is recognized by PCAT1 remained elusive. To address this question, we determined the structure of the PCAT1-CtA complex by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) to 3.4 Å resolution. The structure shows that two CtAs are bound via their N-terminal leader peptides, but only one is positioned for cleavage and translocation. Based on these results, we propose a model of how substrate cleavage, ATP hydrolysis, and substrate translocation are coordinated in a transport cycle.
Biochemical correlates of thiazolidinedione‐induced adipocyte differentiation by high‐resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy (2002)

Thiazolidinediones, a class of synthetic ligands to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, induce terminal adipocyte differentiation of 3T3 F442A cells, and have already been used as alternative therapeutic agents for the treatment of liposarcoma in clinical trials. The biochemical changes occurring in the 3T3 F442A cell line and well-differentiated liposarcoma following induction of adipocyte differentiation with the thiazolidinedione troglitazone were measured using high-resolution magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 3T3 F442A cell differentiation was characterized by a large accumulation of intracellular triglyceride and withdrawal from the cell cycle. Phosphatidylcholine (PTC), phosphocholine (PC), myo-inositol, and glycerol were found to be possible biochemical markers for adipocyte differentiation induced by thiazolidenediones. The molar ratio of PTC to PC increased fourfold in differentiated 3T3 F442A cells compared to undifferentiated cells, suggesting a substantial increase in CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity with differentiation. A 2.8-fold increase in the PTC:PC ratio was observed in the lipoma-like well-differentiated liposarcoma of three patients who were treated with troglitazone when compared to liposarcoma from patients not treated with this drug. Thus, this ratio may be an NMR-detectable marker of troglitazone efficacy and response to differentiation therapy for liposarcoma.
Visible Light Emitting Materials and Injection Devices. (1997)

Abstract : Progress in report on research into ZnSe-based and GaN-based materials and devices for light emitting diodes and diode lasers at blue-green visible wavelengths.
Total Synthesis of Leucascandrolide A (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTotal Synthesis of Leucascandrolide AKeith R. Hornberger, Christopher L. Hamblett, and James L. LeightonView Author Information Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York, New York, 10027 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 51, 12894–12895Publication Date (Web):December 27, 2000Publication History Received5 October 2000Published online27 December 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja003593mCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3973Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (48 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aldehydes,Macrocyclic compounds,Organic compounds,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
Maximum power of refractive lenses: a fundamental limit (1990)

This paper explores the maximum optical power, i.e., the shortest focal length, that can be achieved with homogeneous materials given a cylindrical volume and a minimum-diameter constraint. An equation for the maximum optical power for a given lens diameter and two refractive indices is defined. For example, we determine that a 25.4-mm-diameter lens assembly cannot have an effective focal length of </=6 mm using existing optical glasses in the visible.