gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissociation Constants of Perchloric and Sulfuric Acids in Aqueous Solution (2018)

The experimental dissociation constants of strong acids are notoriously ill-defined, and it is necessary to rely on theoretical methods for their evaluation. We present a methodology for the theoretical evaluation of the dissociation constants, and the values of K<sub>a</sub> for perchloric and sulfuric acids have been estimated. It has been shown that the acid dissociation constant K<sub>a</sub> can be expressed as a product of two terms, K<sub>a</sub> = K<sub>a</sub>' × f<sub>HA</sub><sup>∞</sup>, where K<sub>a</sub>' is the apparent dissociation constant and f<sub>HA</sub><sup>∞</sup> is the infinite dilution activity coefficient of undissociated molecule of acid in liquid solution. The values of K<sub>a</sub>' can be computed from readily available reference data. The limiting activity coefficients f<sub>HA</sub><sup>∞</sup> for strong acids can be determined by theoretical methods only. The following estimate for the limiting activity coefficients of perchloric and sulfuric acids has been obtained, -2.5 < log<sub>10</sub> f<sub>HA</sub><sup>∞</sup> < -1.3. The ranges of values of the dissociation constants of HClO<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at 25 °C have been determined; log<sub>10</sub> K<sub>a</sub>(HClO<sub>4</sub>) = 10.8-12.3; log<sub>10</sub> K<sub>a1</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) = 4.5-8.6.
Elevated plasma norepinephrine concentrations in decompensated cirrhosis. Association with increased secretion rates, normal clearance rates, and suppressibility by central blood volume expansion. (1985)

Plasma norepinephrine concentrations are elevated in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, and correlate inversely with urinary sodium and water excretion. Increased plasma norepinephrine concentrations may result from a decreased metabolic clearance rate or an increased secretion rate, possibly in response to a decreased "effective arterial blood volume." If the latter hypothesis is correct, plasma norepinephrine might be expected to be suppressed when central blood volume is expanded by head-out water immersion. In the present study, plasma norepinephrine secretion and clearance rates were determined by infusion of tritiated norepinephrine. Norepinephrine secretion rates were elevated in eight cirrhotic patients as compared to control subjects (1.50 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.08 micrograms/m2 per min, P less than 0.001), whereas clearance rates were similar (3.13 +/- 0.48 vs. 2.60 +/- 0.28 liters/min, NS). Baseline plasma norepinephrine concentrations were markedly elevated in the cirrhotic patients (830 +/- 136 vs. 185 +/- 12 pg/ml, P less than 0.001). Head-out water immersion significantly suppressed plasma concentrations of both norepinephrine (704 +/- 72 to 475 +/- 70 pg/ml, P less than 0.005) and epinephrine (121 +/- 33 to 57 +/- 10 pg/ml, P less than 0.05) in all seven patients studied. We conclude that the high circulating catecholamine concentrations in cirrhosis are secondary to increased secretion, rather than to decreased metabolic clearance, and are suppressible by central blood volume expansion.
Fully Desktop Fabricated Flexible Graphene Electrocorticography (ECoG) Arrays (2022)

ABSTRACT Flexible Electrocorticography (ECoG) electrode arrays that conform to the cortical surface and record surface field potentials from multiple brain regions provide unique insights into how computations occurring in distributed brain regions mediate behavior. Current flexible ECoG devices require highly specialized microfabrication methods, precluding the ability to fabricate customizable and low-cost flexible ECoG devices easily. Here we present a fully desktop fabricated flexible graphene ECoG array. First, we synthesized a stable, conductive ink via liquid exfoliation of Graphene in Cyrene. Next, we have established a stencil-printing process for patterning the graphene ink via laser-cut stencils on flexible polyimide substrates. Benchtop tests indicate that the graphene electrodes have good conductivity of ∼ 1.1 × 10 3 S·cm -1 , flexibility to maintain their electrical connection under static bending, and electrochemical stability in a 15-day accelerated corrosion test. Chronically implanted graphene ECoG devices remain fully functional for up to 180 days, with average in vivo impedances of 24.72 ± 95.23 k Ω at 1 kHz. The ECoG device can measure spontaneous surface field potentials from mice under awake and anesthetized states and sensory stimulus-evoked responses. The stencil-printing fabrication process can be used to create Graphene ECoG devices with customized electrode layouts within 24 hours using commonly available laboratory equipment.
Broadly Reactive Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxic Response to HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Precedes Broad Neutralizing Response in Human Infection (1991)

To determine if and when the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) response of human serum exhibits broad reactivity across HIV-1 strains, multiple sera were tested for their ability to mediate ADCC against target cells infected with recombinant vaccinia vectors expressing envelope genes of HTLV-IIIB or HTLV-IIIRF. These vectors were found to express the envelope glycoproteins of the two HIV-1 strains and so were appropriate targets for ADCC assays. All the HIV-1-positive sera were able to mediate ADCC against both HTLV-IIIB and HTLV-IIIRF envelope-expressing targets at similar titer. In sera from early seroconverters, the ADCC response was again broadly reactive, even in those sera that exhibited strain-specific neutralizing antibody responses. The ADCC response to natural infection with HIV-1 is therefore broadly reactive and precedes the development of a broad neutralizing antibody response. The broad reactivity of HIV-1-specific ADCC responses may be important for protection against cell-associated virus in vaccine development.
How Can Proteins Enter the Interior of a MOF? Investigation of Cytochrome <i>c</i> Translocation into a MOF Consisting of Mesoporous Cages with Microporous Windows (2012)

It has been demonstrated for the first time that the heme protein cytochrome c (Cyt c) can enter the interior of a MOF despite the larger molecular dimension of the protein relative to the access pore sizes. Mechanistic studies suggest that the Cyt c molecules must undergo a significant conformational change during translocation into the MOF interior through the relatively small nanopores.
Cytomegalovirus infection is a risk factor for TB disease in Infants. (2019)

Immune activation is associated with increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease in infants. We performed a case control analysis to identify drivers of immune activation and disease risk. Among 49 infants who developed TB disease over the first two years of life, and 129 matched controls who remained healthy, we found the cytomegalovirus (CMV) stimulated IFNγ response at age 4-6 months to be associated with CD8+ T cell activation (Spearmans rho, P = 6 x 10-8). A CMV specific IFNγ response was also associated with increased risk of developing TB disease (Conditional Logistic Regression, P = 0.043, OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.02-4.83), and shorter time to TB diagnosis (Log Rank Mantel-Cox P = 0.037). CMV positive infants who developed TB disease had lower expression of natural killer cell associated gene signatures and a lower frequency of CD3-CD4-CD8- lymphocytes. We identified transcriptional signatures predictive of risk of TB disease among CMV ELISpot positive (AUROC 0.98, accuracy 92.57%) and negative (AUROC 0.9, accuracy 79.3%) infants; the CMV negative signature validated in an independent infant study (AUROC 0.71, accuracy 63.9%). Understanding and controlling the microbial drivers of T cell activation, such as CMV, could guide new strategies for prevention of TB disease in infants.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of antiretroviral effects of HPA23. (1988)

HPA23 is an antimonio-tungstate that exhibits numerous antiviral activities both in vivo and in vitro. It has been described as a competitive inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT). Patients treated with daily injections of HPA23 show an inhibition of HIV RT activity in cell culture in 60% of the cases. Using biophysical (electronic spin resonance [ESR]), ultrastructural (microspectroscopic analysis), chemical (spectroscopy), and biological (cell culture) assays, HPA23 cellular and molecular mechanisms may be summarized as follows: 1) competitive inhibition of HIV-RT, 2) no or slight effect on cells infected with HIV in culture, 3) interactions with the cell membranes when long incubations are performed, and 4) antiviral activity possibly mediated by immune modulator effect of the drug.
Oriented Lateral Growth and Defects in Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin Films on Glass Substrates (2012)

Oriented Lateral Growth and Defects in Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin Films on Glass Substrates 509 also performed by zone heating; its advantages include low T s (500-700 C) and consistent surface smoothness. SiO 2 Melt a-Si Si substrate SiO 2 Melt a-Si G substrate Poly-Si (a) (b) SiO 2 Melt a-Si Si substrate Si substrate SiO 2 Melt a-Si G substrate
Data from Impact of &lt;i&gt;ABCB1&lt;/i&gt; Allelic Variants on QTc Interval Prolongation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Although the ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) drug transporter is a constituent of several blood–tissue barriers (i.e., blood–brain and blood–nerve), its participation in a putative blood–heart barrier has been poorly explored. ABCB1 could decrease the intracardiac concentrations of drugs that cause QT prolongation and cardiotoxicity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; ABCB1-related romidepsin transport kinetics were explored in LLC-PK1 cells transfected with different ABCB1 genetic variants. ABCB1 plasma and intracardiac concentrations were determined in Abcb1a/1b (−/−) mice and wild-type FVB controls. These same mice were used to evaluate romidepsin-induced heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation over time. Finally, a cohort of 83 individuals with available QTcB and ABCB1 genotyping data were used to compare allelic variation in ABCB1 versus QTc-prolongation phenotype.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Here, we show that mice lacking the ABCB1-type P-glycoprotein have higher intracardiac concentrations of a model ABCB1 substrate, romidepsin, that correspond to changes in QT prolongation from baseline (ΔQTc) over time. Consistent with this observation, we also show that patients carrying genetic variants that could raise &lt;i&gt;ABCB1&lt;/i&gt; expression in the cardiac endothelium have lower ΔQTc following a single dose of romidepsin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that Abcb1-type P-glycoprotein can limit intracardiac exposure to a drug that mediates QT prolongation and suggests that certain commonly inherited polymorphisms in ABCB1 may serve as markers for QT prolongation following the administration of ABCB1-substrate drugs. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 937–46. ©2010 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Legal amount recognition based on the segmentation hypotheses for bank check processing (2002)

A sophisticated methodology of legal amount recognition based on the word segmentation hypotheses is introduced for automatic bank check processing. Word segmentation hypotheses are derived according to the grapheme level segmentation results of the legal amount. Novel hybrid schemes of HMM-MLP classifiers are also introduced for producing the ordered legal word recognition results with reliable decision values. These values can be used for obtaining an optimal word segmentation path of over-segmentation hypotheses as well as an efficient rejection criterion of word recognition result. Simulation was performed with CENPARMI bank check database and shows quite encouraging results.
Temperature Inhomogeneity during Multibubble Sonoluminescence (2010)

Bright bubbles! Ultrabright sonoluminescence is observed from concentrated phosphoric acid (see picture). Two independent molecular emission species (excited OH. and PO.) can be observed from multibubble sonoluminescence; both of them can be used as spectroscopic thermometers to probe the extreme conditions generated during bubble collapse. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Intrinsic reactivities in the alkylations of protected amino acids by (R)- and (S)-methyloxirane (1984)

A comparative study is described of the reactions between protected amino acids [either N-acetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester (2a), L-valine methyl ester (3a), or N-benzoyl-L-histidine methyl ester (5a)] and the enantiomeric methyloxiranes [R-(1a) or S-(1b)]. At 45 °C in methanol the relative rates of the reactions with either (1a) or (1b) are (5a)∼(3a) > (2a). The reaction of (1a)/(1b) with (2a) is dramatically accelerated ( 100-fold) by triethylamine, because of the conversion of (2a) into its thiolate. The products from (1a)/(1b)+(2a) thiolate are (R, αR)- and (S, αR)-N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-L-cysteine methyl ester [(2b) and (2c), respectively]. These products undergo a slow further reaction with methyloxirane leading via a β-elimination to N-acetyldehydroalanine methyl ester and bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) sulphide. The products from (1a)/(1b)+(3a) are (R,αS)- and (S,αS)-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-valine methyl ester [(3b) and (3c), respectively]. These products also undergo a slow further reaction with methyloxirane leading to an NN-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) valine methyl ester and derived morpholone [e.g. excess of (1a)+(3a)→(R,R,αS)-NN-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) valine methyl ester (3f) and δ-lactone (3h)]. The reactions of (1a) or (1b) with (5a) give,via the products of mono-N-alkylation in the imidazole ring [e.g.(S,αS)-Nα-benzoyl-Nτ-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L- histidine methyl ester (5d) and its Nπ-isomer (5e) from (1b)+(5a)], a mixture [e.g.(S,S,αR/αS)-Nα-benzoyl-NπNτ-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-histidinylimidazolium carboxylates(6d)+(6e) from excess of (1b)+(5a)]. The generation of methoxide during the reactions described is responsible for the β-elimination leading to a dehydroalanine derivative and for the epimerisation during the formation of (6d)+(6e). Kinetic studies show that for none of the substrates (2a), (3a), or (5a) is there significant enantioselectivity in their reactions with the enantiomers of methyloxirane. The relevance of the present study to the toxicology of methyloxiranes is discussed.
A New In-situ Broad Ion Beam, With Energy Range 1 – 500 eV (2014)

Journal Article A New In-situ Broad Ion Beam, With Energy Range 1 – 500 eV Get access JJL Mulders, JJL Mulders FEI Company, Achsteweg Noord 5, 5600MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PHF Trompenaars, PHF Trompenaars FEI Company, Achsteweg Noord 5, 5600MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar EGT Bosch, EGT Bosch FEI Company, Achsteweg Noord 5, 5600MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RTJP Geurts RTJP Geurts FEI Company, Achsteweg Noord 5, 5600MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 20, Issue S3, 1 August 2014, Pages 1142–1143, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927614007442 Published: 27 August 2014
Complete Pathologic Response Following Multimodality Therapy for a Recurrent, High-Grade Phyllodes Tumor (2015)

Introduction: Phyllodes tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the breast for which surgical resection is the primary therapy. Despite adequate surgical resection, local recurrence rates of up to 40% are observed in patients with high-grade tumors. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy for phyllodes tumor to improve local and systemic control is not well established. However, several small studies have shown improvements in local control rates with adjuvant radiation therapy. The management of aggressive local phyllodes tumor recurrences can be a clinical challenge and multimodality therapy should be considered in these cases for optimal results. Case presentation : We present the case of a high-grade phyllodes tumor that recurred in the radiation field after adjuvant radiation therapy. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia and chemotherapy followed by radical surgical resection. A completed pathologic response was observed. Conclusion: This multimodality approach may be a successful treatment algorithm for high-grade tumors that reoccur in a prior radiation field.
Electrooptic 4 × 4 matrix switch for multimode fiber-optic systems (1982)

A new fiber-optic switch for multimode fiber networks has been developed. This voltage-controlled device can switch light from any of four input fibers to any of four output fibers. Four input/output connections are made simultaneously, and the matrix has twenty-four such states. No moving parts are needed because the switching is accomplished with an electrooptic effect in nematic liquid crystals. Low levels of optical crosstalk, ~40 dB below the output signal level, are obtained with a unique two-stage architecture. The design, construction, and observed performance of this optical switch are described.
Exploring a centralized/distributed hybrid routing protocol for low power wireless networks and large-scale datacenters (2009)

Large scale networking has always embraced distributed solutions. Centralized systems elicit knee-jerk reactions, typically pointing to a single-point of failure, difficulty maintaining global state, and operational latency. Nonetheless, centralized solutions have gradually begun to make headway in mainstream networks, such as enterprise networks. In this work, we take this trend one step farther, exploring centralized solutions to two extreme networking environments: Lossy and Low-PowerWireless Networks, and Large-Scale Datacenters.
Low-Power Wireless Networks can be characterized as dynamic high-churn environments with low-bandwidth radios. We present HYDRO, a hybrid routing protocol for low-power wireless networks. At its core, HYDRO forms a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that is locally maintained to support many-to-one collection based routing. In addition, topology reports from individual nodes are gathered to create a sufficient global topology view, which subsequently allows for centrally installed state in the network to optimize point-to-point communication.
Within the datacenter context, we focus on the difficulties of incorporating middlebox traversal requirements into the existing architecture. We begin by presenting PLayer, a policy-aware switching layer for datacenters that enables network administrators to explicitly dictate the middlebox traversal sequence of classes of traffic in their network. Given PLayer’s predominantly distributed nature, we subsequently present a centralized PLayer design, discussing its ability to handle the demanding scalability requirements of datacenters and provide a comparison of the two designs.
Hierarchical Nature of the Quantum Hall Effects (2012)

I demonstrate that the wave function for a ν=n+ν[over ˜] quantum Hall state with Landau levels 0,1,…,n-1 filled and a filling fraction ν[over ˜] quantum Hall state with 0<ν[over ˜]≤1 in the nth Landau level can be obtained hierarchically from the ν=n state by introducing quasielectrons which are then projected into the (conjugate of the) ν[over ˜] state. In particular, the ν[over ˜]=1 case produces the filled Landau level wave functions hierarchically, thus establishing the hierarchical nature of the integer quantum Hall states. It follows that the composite fermion description of fractional quantum Hall states fits within the hierarchy theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect. I also demonstrate this directly by generating the composite fermion ground-state wave functions via application of the hierarchy construction to fractional quantum Hall states, starting from the ν=1/m Laughlin states.
Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Autoignited Methane Lifted Flames (2012)

고온의 동축류 공기와 수소가 함유된 메탄 연료제트에서 자발화된 층류 부상화염의 특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 그 결과로 순수 메탄 제트에서 자발화되는 경계 온도인 920 K 를 초과하는 초기 온도에서 메탄/수소 혼합기의 자발화된 부상화염은 연료 몰분율에 따라 삼지화염 또는 마일드 연소를 보였고, 제트속도에 따라 부상화염의 높이가 증가하는 전형적인 특성을 보였다. 소량의 수소가 첨가된 부상화염의 높이는 메탄의 경우와 유사하게 단열적 점화지연시간의 2 승에 대한 의존성이 유지되었다. 반면에, 초기 온도가 920 K 미만인 경우에서 화염은 수소의 점화 촉진에 의해서 자발화 되었다. 그리고 제트속도가 증가함에 따라 자발화된 부상화염의 높이는 비선형적으로 감소하는 독특한 특성을 보였으며, 수소의 선호확산이 그 현상에 대해서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상된다.
Transfer Learning from Unbiased Training Data Sets for QoT Estimation in WDM Networks (2020)

We assess the benefits of transfer learning based on artificial neural networks (ANN) using unbiased training data sets for Qo T-estimation of unestablished light paths. This study considers transfer learning from the CONUS topology and from an unbiased training data set to the Germany50 topology.
Design framework for mm-wave frequency Radio-over-Fiber broadband wireless communication (2013)

Radio over Fiber (RoF) systems have emerged as a cost effective solution for future multigigabit wireless networks operating at millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands. Such networks are composed of three subsystems: a central station, an optical distribution network, and several remote base stations. The design of an RoF land access network is a very knowledge-rich domain, due to the particularities and complexity of each network subsystem and their interrelation, as well as the fast evolution of the art. This paper presents a design framework to support engineers in the conceptual and preliminary design of a mm-wave frequency RoF broadband access network. The design methodology is validated in a case study of an in-vehicle RoF system for specific capacity and cost requirements.
Continuous intravenous infusion of a plasma‐derived factor IX concentrate (Mononine<sup>®</sup>) in haemophilia B (2003)

This prospective, multicentre, open-label study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a plasma-derived factor IX concentrate [Mononine, Coagulation Factor IX (Human) Monoclonal Antibody Purified] administered by continuous intravenous (CIV) infusion to patients with haemophilia B. Admission criteria included documented diagnosis of haemophilia B (mild, moderate, or severe). Twenty-eight patients (25 surgery, two trauma, one severe spontaneous haemorrhage) were enrolled to receive a therapeutic bolus dose followed by CIV infusion of factor IX (FIX) to maintain FIX:C plasma levels of 0.4-1.0 IU mL(-1) (i.e. 40-100%). A median intravenous bolus dose of 54.2 IU kg(-1) FIX was administered to a subset of 13 non-emergency patients 7-21 days prior to CIV infusion to determine pharmacokinetic parameters in order to guide the dosing for CIV. For treatment, a bolus injection (median FIX dose; 89.6 IU kg(-1)) (range, 12.4-108.3), followed by a median total CIV infusion dose of 396.4 IU kg(-1) (range, 44.9-785.5) was administered at a median rate of 3.84 IU kg(-1) h(-1) (range, 1.74-7.33) for 107.17 h (range, 31.75-144). Twenty-four patients completed 72-120 h of FIX CIV infusion. Overall, 'excellent' (i.e. achievement of normal haemostasis) efficacy was reported in 23 of 24 (96%) evaluable patients, and 'good' (i.e. slight oozing) efficacy was reported in one (4%) patient. Median FIX:C was 72-86% for all patients receiving FIX by CIV on all days. Nine patients reported 13 adverse events that were possibly related to study medication but were not deemed serious by the investigator and were mainly because of local irritation at the infusion site. FIX CIV infusion therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of haemophilia B patients undergoing surgery, exposed to trauma, or experiencing severe spontaneous haemorrhage.