gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion for Identification of Breast Malignant and Benign Tumors Using Chemometrics (2017)

The aim of the paper is to identify the breast malignant and benign lesions using the features of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), perfusion fraction <i>f</i>, pseudodiffusion coefficient <i>D</i><sup>⁎</sup>, and true diffusion coefficient <i>D</i> from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). There are 69 malignant cases (including 9 early malignant cases) and 35 benign breast cases who underwent diffusion-weighted MRI at 3.0 T with 8 <i>b</i>-values (0~1000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>). ADC and IVIM parameters were determined in lesions. The early malignant cases are used as advanced malignant and benign tumors, respectively, so as to assess the effectiveness on the result. A predictive model was constructed using Support Vector Machine Binary Classification (SVMBC, also known Support Vector Machine Discriminant Analysis (SVMDA)) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) and compared the difference between them both. The <i>D</i> value and ADC provide accurate identification of malignant lesions with <i>b</i> = 300, if early malignant tumor was considered as advanced malignant (cancer). The classification accuracy is 93.5% for cross-validation using SVMBC with ADC and tissue diffusivity only. The sensitivity and specificity are 100% and 87.0%, respectively, <i>r</i><sup>2</sup><sub>cv</sub> = 0.8163, and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) is 0.043. ADC and IVIM provide quantitative measurement of tissue diffusivity for cellularity and are helpful with the method of SVMBC, getting comprehensive and complementary information for differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions.
The role and therapeutic potential of Hsp90, Hsp70, and smaller heat shock proteins in peripheral and central neuropathies (2020)

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones that also play important roles in the activation of the heat shock response (HSR). The HSR is an evolutionary conserved and protective mechanism that is used to counter abnormal physiological conditions, stressors, and disease states, such as those exemplified in cancer and/or neurodegeneration. In normal cells, heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), the transcription factor that regulates the HSR, remains in a dormant multiprotein complex that is formed upon association with chaperones (Hsp90, Hsp70, etc.), co-chaperones, and client proteins. However, under cellular stress, HSF-1 dissociates from Hsp90 and induces the transcriptional upregulation of Hsp70 to afford protection against the encountered cellular stress. As a consequence of both peripheral and central neuropathies, cellular stress occurs and results in the accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins, which can be counterbalanced by activation of the HSR. Since Hsp90 is the primary regulator of the HSR, modulation of Hsp90 by small molecules represents an attractive therapeutic approach against both peripheral and central neuropathies.
Resident Bacteria on Leaves Enhance Survival of Immigrant Cells of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> (2013)

Although Salmonella enterica apparently has comparatively low epiphytic fitness on plants, external factors that would influence its ability to survive on plants after contamination would be of significance in the epidemiology of human diseases caused by this human pathogen. Viable population sizes of S. enterica applied to plants preinoculated with Pseudomonas syringae or either of two Erwinia herbicola strains was ≥10-fold higher than that on control plants that were not precolonized by such indigenous bacteria when assessed 24 to 72 h after the imposition of desiccation stress. The protective effect of P. fluorescens, which exhibited antibiosis toward S. enterica in vitro, was only ≈50% that conferred by other bacterial strains. Although S. enterica could produce small cellular aggregates after incubation on wet leaves for several days, and the cells in such aggregates were less susceptible to death upon acute dehydration than solitary cells (as determined by propidium iodide staining), most Salmonella cells were found as isolated cells when it was applied to leaves previously colonized by other bacterial species. The proportion of solitary cells of S. enterica coincident with aggregates of cells of preexisting epiphytic species that subsequently were judged as nonviable by viability staining on dry leaves was as much as 10-fold less than those that had landed on uncolonized portions of the leaf. Thus, survival of immigrant cells of S. enterica on plants appears to be strongly context dependent, and the presence of common epiphytic bacteria on plants can protect such immigrants from at least one key stress (i.e., desiccation) encountered on leaf surfaces.
A Biopsychically Inspired Cognitive System for Intelligent Agents in Aerospace Applications (2012)

The current state-of-the-art machine intelligence cannot meet the challenges of uncertainty, complexity, time urgency and rapidly changing nature of the dynamic environment in many demanding aerospace applications, such as autonomous extraterrestrial exploration. A biopsychically inspired cognitive system is proposed based on the biological Central Nervous System architecture. The main cognitive units, Decision Making and Planning, Motivation & Learning and Long-term Memory are explained in detail. The algorithms derived from the Central Nervous System and former works on motivated learning are shown for motivation, memory, attention switching, decision making, and planning together with obtained simulation results. The proposed cognitive system can be used for intelligent agents for autonomous scientific exploration, as well as in agriculture, rescue and military applications or as a basis for cooperative groups.
Effects of the N<i>-</i>Terminal Acylamido Group of Imidazole- and Pyrrole-Containing Polyamides on DNA Sequence Specificity and Binding Affinity (2009)

The N-terminal formamido group on imidazole- and pyrrole-containing polyamides causes stacked polyamides to bind in the minor groove of DNA in the staggered motif, and it also increases the binding affinity compared to those of non-formamido compounds. To further investigate the role of the N-terminal acylamido in affecting sequence specificity and binding affinity, six polyamide analogues containing the core triheterocyclic structure IPI were designed and synthesized, and the acylamido moiety reported herein includes the following: formamido (f-IPI, 1), acetamido (Ac-IPI, 2), trifluoroacetamido (Tf-IPI, 3), N-methylureido (Mu-IPI, 4), N-methylpyrrole-2-carboxamido (PIPI, 5), and the (13)C-labeled formamido-IPI compound ((13)C-f-IPI, 6). In addition, two nonacylated IPI compounds were also synthesized and examined, namely, the amino-containing (NH(2)-IPI, 7) and non-formamido (nf-IPI, 8) compounds. The binding characteristics of compounds 1-8 were investigated using methods of molecular biology and biochemistry, which included biophysical techniques, such as DNA melts, circular dichroism, isothermal titration calorimety, and surface plasmon resonance and DNase I footprinting. With the exception of nf-IPI and NH(2)-IPI, all other compounds preferentially interacted with the cognate sequence, 5'-ACGCGT-3'. The biophysical results suggest that all six compounds bind within the minor groove at their cognate DNA sequence as stacked, staggered, antiparallel dimers. The order from highest to lowest binding affinities is as follows: f-IPI > P-IPI > Ac-IPI > Mu-IPI > Tf-IPI >> NH(2) and nf-IPI. Hence, having an acylamido moiety at the N-terminus is important for the binding of polyamides to DNA in a stacked and staggered motif. According to footprinting analysis, P-IPI (5), Ac-IPI (2), Mu-IPI (4), and Tf-IPI (3) exhibited some enhancement in sequence preference for their cognate 5'-ACGCGT-3' over f-IPI (1). NMR analysis of the [(13)C]f-IPI-CGCGnmr complex showed a slight downfield shift in the formamido (13)C signal indicating that the moiety remained intact. The trend in binding affinity suggests that steric factors play a role, in which small and planar aromatic acylamido units such as f, Ac, and P are preferred. Polar groups, such as in Mu-IPI (4) and Tf-IPI (3), afforded negative effects on binding affinity, compared to that of Ac-IPI (2).
Avalanche ionization and dielectric breakdown in silicon with ultrafast laser pulses (1998)

Summary form only given. Data are presented that demonstrate electron production by avalanche ionization as the dominant mechanism for laser breakdown, and subsequent surface damage in silicon, for laser pulse durations in the range of 80 fs to 9 ns. Experiments are performed at 786 nm and 1.06 /spl mu/m exhibiting the correct wavelength dependence for an avalanche process.
An edge element approach for dynamic micromagnetic modeling (2008)

This paper proposes a three-dimensional dynamic micromagnetic model, based on the Galerkin weak formulation, reconstructing magnetization by finite element edge vector shape functions. The demagnetizing filed is computed using a hybrid finite element boundary element method. The procedure is compared to analytical formulas and simulations performed with the NIST/OOMMF code, focusing on damping and precessional switching in magnetic thin films.
Renewable Portfolio Standard Development Assessment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Perspective of Policy Networks Theory (2021)

Electricity generation from renewable energy (RE) sources has not been well utilized in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). KSA has publicized its Vision 2030 renewable energy target to deploy 58.7 gigawatts of RE, paving the way for a low-carbon economy in the country. Renewable portfolio standard (RPS) may play an influential role as a policy instrument to stimulate the RE development and consumption on a large scale and pursue the Vision 2030 objectives. In this study, the renewable portfolio standards policy assessment was carried out to investigate the issues impelling the employment of or plan to adopt RPS. To elucidate the collaborating interaction amongst the multiple stakeholders at different levels in the formulation of renewable portfolio standard, in this assessment study, we used a multi-theoretical approach for examining the policy networks theory (PNT) to inspect the communication links and strategies of different actors who are responsible and involved in KSA policy formulation and enactment. It will help overcome the interaction limitations amongst the actors, contribute to understanding various actors’ behaviors and facilitate RPS development and implementation. In this paper, PNT’s four strategy phases (interaction, agenda-setting, action plan and legislative) are used for RPS development assessment. In this paper, we presented KSA’s overall systematic picture for RPS formulation to adopt and implement it practically for a collaborative relationship between five actors—policy and regulatory bodies, professional bodies, inter-governmental bodies, power producers and social networks—at different levels by using PNT to analyze the interactive relationship amongst actors. This detailed analysis will help KSA overcome the institutional relationship and interaction limitations of the actors in RPS formulation and thereby offer significant success for RE deployment in KSA, while providing viable ideas, procedures and bases for government departments to formulate applicable policies for the renewable energy system efficiently. The evaluation of the communications among major partakers in the policy network field helps to efficiently explicate the hindrances in policy formulation and enactment to make the RPS more effective.
Recycled carrier modulation using Fabry-Perot resonance (2016)

Up-converting RF information to optical signals has become an appealing alternative for communication, besides in the realm of telecommunication, due to inherent advantages in using fiber optics. Fibers have proven to have lower loss, better bandwidth, be lighter, and as robust as conventional copper cabling. This has led to applications in intelligent traffic systems, military uses (including integration into tanks and drones), and others not explicitly stated here. Central to these systems working well is the efficient, accurate up-converting of an RF signal; it is here that the roll of the electro-optic modulator is introduced into the system. The more efficient and linear these modulators can be, the more accurately the data can be up-converted, and the less power required perform the conversion. There have been efforts to increase efficiency by developing materials with higher intrinsic χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(2)</sup> nonlinearity [1], and developing structures to increase field interaction magnitude with the material [2]-[4], but not without limiting the bandwidth of the device. In this work, we explore a novel modulation scheme to up efficiency and linearity without sacrificing bandwidth.
A microfabricated platform for three-dimensional microsystems (2011)

This work presents a manually assembled three-dimensional (3-D) silicon platform structure that fully houses a microsystem containing sensors and the necessary system electronics including the power supply. The unique design of this platform provides a supporting package in a 3-D form factor, as well as routing capabilities with orthogonal mechanical and electrical connections between the assembled internal sides. An example platform is fabricated to realize an autonomous data-logging inertial measurement unit (IMU). The IMU consists of a programmable microcontroller, Flash memory, a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope. Double-sided polished, 250 μm-thick silicon wafers are processed using standard microfabrication techniques to produce the individual platform pieces. Sensor data, at a rate of 100Hz, is collected via a microcontroller and stored in the on-board Flash memory. Reliable and repeatable inertial data are collected with maximum power consumption of ~16 mW, and the duration of data-logging capability of ~48 hours. It is envisioned that extensions of this 3-D platform, combined with standard microfabrication techniques, will enable the integration of a variety of heterogeneous materials and devices with a form factor that reduces planar footprint and expands 3-D design space. Through-wafer vias can be used to integrate more functionality per surface area by increasing the interconnect density and allowing both the front and backside of the wafers to be populated with either fabricated or mounted devices.
SHetA2 interference with mortalin binding to p66shc and p53 identified using drug-conjugated magnetic microspheres (2013)

SHetA2 is a small molecule flexible heteroarotinoid (Flex-Het) with promising cancer prevention and therapeutic activity. Extensive preclinical testing documented lack of SHetA2 toxicity at doses 25 to 150 fold above effective doses. Knowledge of the SHetA2 molecular target(s) that mediate(s) the mechanism of SHetA2 action is critical to appropriate design of clinical trials and improved analogs. The aim of this study was to develop a method to identify SHetA2 binding proteins in cancer cells. A known metabolite of SHetA2 that has a hydroxyl group available for attachment was synthesized and conjugated to a linker for attachment to a magnetic microsphere. SHetA2-conjugated magnetic microspheres and unconjugated magnetic microspheres were separately incubated with aliquots of a whole cell protein extract from the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line. After washing away non-specifically bound proteins with the protein extraction buffer, SHetA2-binding proteins were eluted with an excess of free SHetA2. In two independent experiments, an SDS gel band of about 72 kDa was present at differential levels in wells of eluent from SHetA2-microspheres in comparison to wells of eluent from unconjugated microspheres. Mass spectrometry analysis of the bands (QStar) and straight eluents (Orbitrap) identified mortalin (HSPA9) to be present in the eluent from SHetA2-microspheres and not in eluent from unconjugated microspheres. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that SHetA2 interfered with mortalin binding to p53 and p66 Src homologous-collagen homologue (p66shc) inside cancer cells. Mortalin and SHetA2 conflictingly regulate the same molecules involved in mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. The results validate the power of this protocol for revealing drug targets.
Morphology and enzyme activities of the small intestine are modulated by dietary protein source in the preruminant calf (1999)

A study was undertaken to assess the impact of the protein nature and soya antigenicity on the morphology and some enzyme activities of the jejunum in preruminant calves. Twenty Holstein calves fitted with a duodenal cannula were fed a liquid diet based on skimmed milk powder (SMP) for 2 weeks. They were then switched onto diets containing a mixture of SMP and either antigenic heated soybean flour (HSF; n = 12) or hypo-antigenic soya protein concentrate (SPC; n = 8) for 8 weeks, after which they were reverted back to the SMP diet for 2 weeks. The diets contained similar amounts of digestible nitrogen and energy, and were fed at a rate of 55 g DM/kg(0.75)/d. Proximal jejunal biopsies were collected just before (week 0), during (weeks 2 and 8) and after (week 10) feeding of the soya-based diets, and were used for morphology measurements and the determination of total alkaline phosphatase, lactase, amino-peptidases A and N, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities. Feed intake and growth were similar between the HSF and SPC groups during the experimental period. The effects of antigenicity and the antigenicity x time interaction were never significant (P > 0.05). Villus height decreased (P < 0.01) between weeks 0 and 2, and increased (P < 0.05) between weeks 8 and 10. Villus width increased between weeks 2 and 8 (P < 0.001). Crypt depth also increased between weeks 0 and 2 (P < 0.001). Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01) and amino-peptidase N (P < 0.05) decreased between weeks 0 and 2. Conversely, those of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.0001), lactase (P < 0.01) and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (P < 0.0001) increased between weeks 8 and 10. Specific activities for lactase and amino-peptidase N decreased (P < 0.01) between weeks 2 and 8. The treatments had little effects on the amino-peptidase A activity. In conclusion, the present work demonstrated that soybean protein markedly depressed the morphology and most enzyme activities of the calf small intestine. On the contrary, the in vitro antigenicity of soybean protein had little influence on these parameters in this study.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Synthesis and biological analysis of new curcumin analogues bearing an enhanced potential for the medicinal treatment of cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Synthesis and biological analysis of new curcumin analogues bearing an enhanced potential for the medicinal treatment of cancer
The chlorobenzene-argon ground state intermolecular potential energy surface (2004)

Using the coupled cluster singles and doubles including connected triple excitations model with the augmented correlation consistent polarized valence double ζ basis set extended with a set of 3s3p2d1f1g midbond functions, we evaluate the ground state intermolecular potential energy surface of the chlorobenzene-argon van der Waals complex. The minima of 420 cm−1 are characterized by Ar atom position vectors of the length 3.583 Å, forming an angle of 9.87° with respect to the axis perpendicular to the chlorobenzene plane. These results are compared to those obtained for similar complexes and to the experimental data available. From the potential the three-dimensional vibrational eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are calculated and the results allow to correct and complete the experimental assignment.
The Needs of Dutch Women During Decision-Making About Treatment for Miscarriage (2021)

Health care professionals should be aware of how women's decision-making is structured in the context of treatment choices for miscarriage, and discussion regarding treatment should address reason and emotion.
STUDY REGARDING THE POSSIBILITIES TO OBTAIN FUNCTIONAL FOOD FROM WHEAT FLOUR: BREAD WITH EXOGENOUS BUCKWHEAT ADDITION (2017)

This paper presents the beneficial role of the addition of buckwheat in bakery products. It highlights aspects of buckwheat as food and drug use and possible use as a flour or buckwheat groats in bakery products. The research paper presented to obtain bread with added buckwheat flour The purpose of the bread samples were made several mixtures of wheat flour with different proportions of buckwheat flour (5%, 10%, 15%), after the flour samples were subjected to laboratory testing where absorption and wet gluten were seen in the difference in the behavior of the flour mixture. Also, it was made determination of technological properties through Alveograph curves, in order to make recommendation for different usages. In the laboratory control sample and the samples under study were made with the same formulation and the same treatment technology. Once made bread samples were also subjected samples of flour mixture, followed study tests the core porosity and elasticity and also to check the acidity during the technological process of hygienically. bread made with buckwheat flour 5% is the bread with the best organoleptic properties and physico-chemical. Bread is a normal appearance, glossy shell, corresponding smell, taste sweet. The core is uniform with a very good elasticity, optimal porosity and acidity normal bread so obtained can be considered a very good bread.
Experimental Comparison of Set Intersection Algorithms for Inverted Indexing (2013)

Abstract: The set intersection problem is one of the main problems in document retrieval. Query consists of two
A prototype continuous-flow liquid–liquid extraction system using open-source technology (2012)

A prototype continuous-flow liquid-liquid extraction system is reported. By harnessing several open-source software libraries, a computer control script was written using the Python programming language. Using a 'computer-vision' approach, this allowed the computer to monitor the interface level between the organic and aqueous phases using a simple webcam setup and (by dynamically controlling pump flow rate) to keep this interface within defined limits. The system enabled the efficient 'inline' extraction of excess reagent in hydrazone formations, dithiane formations and epoxidations. The initial results of dispersion measurement are also presented.