gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-network reorder buffer to improve overall NoC performance while resolving the in-order requirement problem (2009)

Data-intensive functions on chip, e.g., codec, 3D graphics, pixel processing, etc. need to make best use of the increased bandwidth of multiple memories enabled by 3D die stacking via accessing multiple memories in parallel. Parallel memory accesses with originally in-order requirements necessitate reorder buffers to avoid deadlock. Reorder buffers are expensive in terms of area and power consumption. In addition, conventional reorder buffers suffer from a problem of low resource utilization. In our work, we present a novel idea, called in-network reorder buffer, to increase the utilization of reorder buffer resource. In our method, we move the reorder buffer resource and related functions from network entry/exit points to network routers. Thus, the in-network reorder buffers can be better utilized in two ways. First, they can be utilized by other packets without in-order requirements while there are no in-order packets. Second, even in-order packets can benefit from in-network reorder buffers by enjoying more shares of reorder buffers than before. Such an increase in reorder buffer utilization enables NoC performance improvement while supporting the original in-order requirements. Experimental results with an industrial strength DTV SoC example show that the presented idea improves the total execution cycle by 16.9%.
Nonlinearity Mitigation of PDM-16QAM Signals Using Multiple CSI-OPCs in Ultra-Long-Haul Transmission without Excess Penalty (2020)

We developed a polarization-independent and reservedband-less complementary spectral inverted optical phase conjugation (CSI-OPC) device using dual-band difference frequency generation based on highly efficient periodically poled LiNbO 3 waveguide technologies. To examine the nonlinearity mitigation in a long-haul transmission using a large number of OPCs, we installed a CSI-OPC device in the middle of a pure silica core fiber-based recirculating loop transmission line with a length of 320 km. First, we examined the fiber-input power tolerance after 5,120-km and 6,400-km transmission using 22.5-Gbaud PDM-16QAM 10channel DWDM signals and found a Q-factor improvement of over 1.3 dB along with enhanced power tolerance thanks to mitigating the fiber nonlinearity. We then demonstrated transmission distance extension using the CSI-OPC device. The use of multiple CSI-OPCs enables an obvious performance improvements attained by extending the transmission distance from 6,400 km to 8,960 km, which corresponds to applying the CSI-OPC device 28 times. Moreover, there was no Q-factor degradation for the link in a linear regime after applying the CSI-OPC device more than 16 times. These results demonstrate that the CSI-OPC device can improve the nonlinear tolerance of PDM-16QAM signals without an excess penalty.
Histopathological diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. (1983)

In the histopathological diagnosis of parathyroid gland pathology there has been a lack of well defined and generally acceptable criteria for differentiating between a normal and a slightly hyperplastic gland, and in many cases also between an adenoma and hyperplasia. This has meant that the histological evaluation of the parathyroid tissue has often been subjective depending on individual assessment of different pathologists. In recent years research in this area has yielded experience which should contribute towards a more reliable diagnosis. Two methods - the determination of the glandular parenchymal cell mass and the evaluation of the intracellular fat content - have been found to be particularly important in the histological diagnosis. The present paper describes the histology of normal and abnormal parathyroid glands and the application of parenchymal cell mass estimation and intracellular fat staining do assist diagnosis.
Constitutive activity of <i>Sauromatum guttatum</i> alternative oxidase in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> implicates residues in addition to conserved cysteines in α‐keto acid activation (2004)

Activity of the plant mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) can be regulated by organic acids, notably pyruvate. To date, only two well-conserved cysteine residues have been implicated in this process. We report the functional expression of two AOX isozymes (Sauromatum guttatum Sg-AOX and Arabidopsis thaliana At-AOX1a) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Comparison of the response of these two isozymes to pyruvate in isolated yeast mitochondria and disrupted mitochondrial membranes reveals that in contrast to At-AOX1a, Sg-AOX activity is insensitive to pyruvate and appears to be in a constitutively active state. As both of these isozymes conserve the two cysteines, we propose that such contrasting behaviour must be a direct result of differences in their amino acid sequence and have subsequently identified novel candidate residues.
3D tumor spheroids as in vitro models to mimic in vivo human solid tumors resistance to therapeutic drugs (2018)

Three-dimensional cell culture models, such as spheroids, can be used in the process of the development of new anticancer agents because they are able to closely mimic the main features of human solid tumors, namely their structural organization, cellular layered assembling, hypoxia, and nutrient gradients. These properties imprint to the spheroids an anticancer therapeutics resistance profile, which is similar to that displayed by human solid tumors. In this review, an overview of the drug resistance mechanisms observed in 3D tumor spheroids is provided. Furthermore, comparisons between the therapeutics resistance profile exhibited by spheroids, and 2D cell cultures are presented. Finally, examples of the therapeutic approaches that have been developed to surpass the drug resistance mechanisms exhibited by spheroids are described.
Video-assisted functional assessment of index pollicisation in congenital anomalies (2016)

Level IV.
Extra large particle images at 12 km in a hurricane eyewall: Evidence of high‐altitude supercooled water? (2003)

The conventional wisdom about hurricanes suggests that updrafts are weak and supercooled water is scarce in the eyewall, and almost non‐existent at temperatures colder than about −5°C [ Black and Hallett , 1986 ]. However, there is evidence that some hurricanes are different. Questions about the existence of high‐altitude supercooled cloud water cannot be answered with only the instruments aboard the typical propeller‐driven aircraft. During the summer of 1998, the NASA DC‐8 aircraft made penetrations of the intensifying eyewall of Hurricane Bonnie at 12 km MSL, collecting the first truly high‐altitude 2‐D particle imagery in a hurricane. The similarity of the splash images in Hurricane Bonnie to those from raindrops obtained at higher temperatures in other hurricanes suggests that the large images obtained by the DC‐8 were soft, low density graupel, rather than hard, high‐density graupel particles or frozen raindrops. This implies that these particles grew to several millimeters in diameter at altitude, rather than simply advecting from lower, warmer altitudes. This growth in turn requires the presence of deeply supercooled cloud droplets. Thermal emission from supercooled water aloft increases the microwave brightness temperatures, giving a misleading impression that there is much less ice aloft than actually exists. The extra attenuation from the occasional presence of large graupel at these altitudes reduces the ability of microwave sensors to see precipitation at lower altitudes. Both of these effects impede efforts to accurately quantify condensate mass remotely from radiometric data such as that provided by the TRMM satellite.
OP11.03: Intra‐ and inter‐observer variability of crown–rump length and other fetal biometry at the nuchal translucency scan (2011)

In the first trimester screening process for fetuses between 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks, crown–rump length has been utilized as the gold standard for dating pregnancies and interpreting screening results. Other fetal biometric measurements have sometimes been employed to confirm gestational age, but not to interpret the results. The purpose of this study is the compare the intra-observer and inter-observer variability of crown–rump length and other fetal biometric measurements in the first trimester. The goal is to determine which measurement has the least variability when repeated by the same and two different examiners. Women presenting to an academic fetal diagnostic center between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks of pregnancy for a nuchal translucency scan were examined by one sonographer followed by one physician. Each examiner obtained 3 independent measurements of crown rump length, bi-parietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur and humeral lengths, and nuchal translucency. Patients were excluded for fetal malformations or demise. Coefficients of variance were calculated for each biometric measure both within an exam and between examiners in the within exam means. The biometric measure with the smallest coefficient of variance was regarded as the most precise for determining the gestational age for screening. Measurements were obtained on 135 fetuses. Crown–rump length had the smallest within exam coefficient of variance, 1.2%, with the others biometric measures ranging from 1.4 to 6.6%; both this measure and bi-parietal diameter had the smallest between-examiner value of 1.9% compared with 2.0–6.9%. By comparison, the imprecision of nuchal translucency measurement was greater, with values of 4.9% (within exam) and 6.5% (between-examiner) respectively. Crown–rump length is the most precise biometric measurement at the nuchal translucency scan. Nuchal translucency is measured with less precision than CRL.
FERTILITY (2011)

The field of reproductive medicine is evolving rapidly. We are living in an era in which what was seemingly impossible a decade ago is being made possible, and century-old dogmas are being challenged. Thanks to new cryopreservation technologies, infertility and premature ovarian failure, especially when induced by medical treatments, are no longer unavoidable consequences. Whereas success with oocyte cryopreservation is gradually approaching acceptable levels for use in patients who face the risk of ovarian failure due to medical treatments or to create “egg banks” for oocyte donation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation promise to be a way to reverse menopause and restore fertility. Yet, the recently proposed possibility of the presence of germ stem cells in human bone marrow is even more intriguing. Whereas bone marrow and peripheral blood transplants result in repopulation of chemotherapy-treated ovaries with primordial follicles in rodents, germ stem cell markers are already shown in human bone marrow and peripheral blood. According to this theory, the ovaries provide signals to the germ stem cells residing in the bone marrow and recruit new follicles via the bloodstream “on demand.” Although shocking and contrary to the preexisting dogma that the ovarian reserve is predetermined before birth, this hypothesis is not without supporting evidence in humans and nonhuman primates, as illustrated by the following case study.
A wideband blocker-resilient RF front-end with selective input-impedance matching for direct-ΔΣ-receiver architectures (2016)

This paper presents a wideband blocker-tolerant RF front-end suitable for direct-ΔΣ-E-receivers. Blockers are attenuated by providing low receiver input impedance at blocker frequencies while for desired frequency the input impedance is boosted to matched condition by providing an up-converted positive feedback from the baseband stage. RF front-end is evaluated on 28nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS process with current consumption of 8mA, excluding local-oscillator drive, at 1V supply voltage. Front-end is reconfigurable from 0.7-3GHz with maximum noise figure of 5dB and achieves an out-of-band 1dB compression point of 0dBm at 100MHz local oscillator frequency offset.
Wide dynamic range silicon diaphragm vacuum sensor by electrostatic servo system (2000)

A wide dynamic range silicon diaphragm vacuum sensor by an electrostatic servo system and an electrical circuit for servo control have been made. In nonservo mode, i.e., when the sensor was used as a capacitive vacuum sensor, a linear characteristic between pressure and output voltage was obtained in the pressure range from 0.1 to 100 Pa. On the other hand, the square root of the servo voltage was proportional to the pressure in a wide pressure range from 0.1 to 530 Pa in servo mode. The servo mechanism is effective for widening the dynamic range of vacuum sensors.
Influence of Synthesis Parameters on Morphology, Crystalline Structure and Colloidal Stability of Core and Core-Shell LaPO<sub>4</sub>Nanoparticles (2016)

This chapter examines how to extend the knowledge of the influence of synthesis parameters like synthesis temperature, synthesis time, and purification procedure on the characteristics of Lanthanide phosphate NPs with core and core-shells structures through an experiment. After synthesis, the turbid solution of core NPs was transferred to a dialysis membrane and dialyzed overnight against DI water. The purified solution was split into two equal parts for the later characterization of the core NPs and synthesis of the core-shells NPs. A fine white powder was deposited on a zero background plate and the measurements were carried out using the sample stage ReflectionTransmission Spinner PW3064/60 and rotatory speed of 0.5 rev/s. The X-ray tube was operated at a voltage of 45 kV and a current of 40 mA. Crystalline structure and crystallite size analysis were performed on X'Pert HighScore Plus software. An increase in synthesis time results in an increment in the concentration of orthophosphate ions and a change in the solution appearance into a white suspension.
A fifth subtype of Kaposi's sarcoma, classic Kaposi's sarcoma in men who have sex with men: a cohort study in Paris (2018)

First CKS cohort in low-endemic zone. We describe a fifth subtype of KS: KS in MSM. The CD4 T-cell count was found to correlate with prognosis.
An Embodied Perspective as a Victim of Sexual Harassment in Virtual Reality Reduces Action Conformity in a Later Milgram Obedience Scenario (2020)

Group pressure can often result in people carrying out harmful actions towards others that they would not normally carry out by themselves. However, few studies have manipulated factors that might overcome this. Here male participants (n = 60) were in a virtual reality (VR) scenario of sexual harassment (SH) of a lone woman by a group of males in a bar. Participants were either only embodied as one of the males (Group, n = 20), or also as the woman (Woman, n = 20). A control group (n = 20) only experienced the empty bar, not the SH. One week later they were the Teacher in a VR version of Milgram's Obedience experiment where they were encouraged to give shocks to a female Learner by a group of 3 virtual males. Those who had been in the Woman condition gave about half the number of shocks of those in the Group condition, with the controls between these two. We explain the results through embodiment promoting identification with the woman or the group, and delegitimization of the group for those in the Woman condition. The experiment raised important ethical issues, showing that a VR study with positive ethical intentions can sometimes produce unexpected and non-beneficent results.
Early immune adaptation in HIV-1 revealed by population-level approaches (2014)

Cross-sectional host/viral genotype datasets represent an underutilized resource to identify reproducible early pathways of HIV-1 adaptation and identify correlates of protective immunity.
Scalable synthesis of 5,11-diethynylated indeno[1,2-<i>b</i>]fluorene-6,12-diones and exploration of their solid state packing (2014)

We report a new synthetic route to 5,11-disubstituted indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones that is amenable to larger scale reactions, allowing for the preparation of gram amounts of material. With this new methodology, we explored the effects on crystal packing morphology for the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones by varying the substituents on the silylethynyl groups.
Does subcellular distribution in plants dictate the trophic bioavailability of cadmium to <i>Porcellio dilatatus</i> (crustacea, isopoda)? (2008)

The present study examined how subcellular partitioning of Cd in plants with different strategies to store and detoxify Cd may affect trophic transfer of Cd to the isopod Porcellio dilatatus. The plant species used were Lactuca sativa, a horticultural metal accumulator species; Thlaspi caerulescens, a herbaceous hyperaccumulator species; and the nonaccumulator, T. arvense. Taking into account that differences in subcellular distribution of Cd in plants might have an important role in the bioavailability of Cd to a consumer, a differential centrifugation technique was adopted to separate plant leaf tissues into four different fractions: cell debris, organelles, heat-denatured proteins, and heat-stable proteins (metallothionein-like proteins). Plants were grown in replicate hydroponic systems and were exposed for 7 d to 100 microM Cd spiked with 109Cd. After a 14-d feeding trial, net assimilation of Cd in isopods following consumption of T. caerulescens and T. arvense leaves reached 16.0 +/- 2.33 and 21.9 +/- 1.94 microg/g animal, respectively. Cadmium assimilation efficiencies were significantly lower in isopods fed T. caerulescens (10.0 +/- 0.92%) than in those fed T. arvense (15.0 +/- 1.03%). In further experiments, Cd assimilation efficiencies were determined among isopods provided with purified subcellular fractions of the three plants. On the basis of our results, Cd bound to heat-stable proteins was the least bioavailable to isopods (14.4-19.6%), while Cd bound to heat-denatured proteins was the most trophically available to isopods (34.4-52.8%). Assimilation efficiencies were comparable in isopods fed purified subcellular fractions from different plants, further indicating the importance of subcellular Cd distribution in the assimilation. These results point to the ecological relevance of the subcellular Cd distribution in plants, which directly influence the trophic transfer of Cd to the animal consumer.
SBtab: a flexible table format for data exchange in systems biology (2016)

: wolfram.liebermeister@gmail.com.
The Taz1p Transacylase Is Imported and Sorted into the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane via a Membrane Anchor Domain (2013)

Mutations in the mitochondrial transacylase tafazzin, Taz1p, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cause Barth syndrome, a disease of defective cardiolipin remodeling. Taz1p is an interfacial membrane protein that localizes to both the outer and inner membranes, lining the intermembrane space. Pathogenic point mutations in Taz1p that alter import and membrane insertion result in accumulation of monolysocardiolipin. In this study, we used yeast as a model to investigate the biogenesis of Taz1p. We show that to achieve this unique topology in mitochondria, Taz1p follows a novel import pathway in which it crosses the outer membrane via the translocase of the outer membrane and then uses the Tim9p-Tim10p complex of the intermembrane space to insert into the mitochondrial outer membrane. Taz1p is then transported to membranes of an intermediate density to reach a location in the inner membrane. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation within the membrane anchor (V224R) alters Taz1p import so that it bypasses the Tim9p-Tim10p complex and interacts with the translocase of the inner membrane, TIM23, to reach the matrix. Critical targeting information for Taz1p resides in the membrane anchor and flanking sequences, which are often mutated in Barth syndrome patients. These studies suggest that altering the mitochondrial import pathway of Taz1p may be important in understanding the molecular basis of Barth syndrome.
Crystal Growth and Characterization of Europium-Doped Rubidium Calcium Bromide Scintillators (2023)

National security strategies like gamma spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray radiography are limited, in part, by the scintillator used, prompting research into novel materials with improved properties. In this work, Eu <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> activated rubidium calcium bromide scintillators were grown via the vertical Bridgman method with a range of dopant concentrations. Light yield, energy resolution, and the afterglow of Rb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> CaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> :Eu and RbCaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Eu improved with increasing Eu <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> concentration, and scintillation decay time increased. The highest light yields of Rb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> CaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> :Eu and RbCaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Eu were 71000 and 45000 ph/MeV, respectively.
A clinical evaluation of diclofenac-gentamicin combination eye drops in the control of inflammation after cataract surgery (1998)

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of diclofenac-gentamicin (DR 1352/1) combination eye drops with gentamicin eye drops in the postoperative management of patients undergoing extracapsular cataract surgery and lens implantation. This was a prospective, randomised, double-masked, parallel-group, four-week, multicentre study with patient visits preoperatively, on the day of surgery, and postoperatively on days 1, 5-8, 12-16, and 26-32. Of the 196 patients (diclofenac-gentamicin 99, gentamicin 97) recruited into the study, 161 (diclofenac-gentamicin 83, gentamicin 78) were available for per-protocol analyses. The two treatment groups were clinically similar at baseline. On days 12-16 postoperatively, diclofenac-gentamicin was significantly more effective (p = 0.002) than gentamicin in reducing intraocular inflammation as assessed by the sum of grades of anterior chamber cells and flare. The level of conjunctival hyperaemia was significantly less in the diclofenac-gentamicin group compared with the gentamicin group on postoperative days 5-8 and 12-16. There was no significant difference between the two study groups in the global assessment of local tolerance. Possibly drug-related adverse events were slightly more in the diclofenac-gentamicin group (22,22%) compared with gentamicin (17,17%); however, all affected study patients normalised with appropriate therapy except one patient with endophthalmitis. In conclusion, diclofenac-gentamicin (DR1352/1) eye drops were more effective than gentamicin eye drops and appeared to be as safe in the control of post-cataract surgery inflammation.