gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoids Synergistically Enhance NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae-induced Toll-like Receptor 2 Expression via a Negative Cross-talk with p38 MAP Kinase (2002)

The recognition of invading microbes followed by the induction of effective innate immune response is crucial for host survival. Human surface epithelial cells are situated at host-environment boundaries and thus act as the first line of host defense against invading microbes. They recognize the microbial ligands via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. TLR2 has gained importance as a major receptor for a variety of microbial ligands. In contrast to its high expression in lymphoid tissues, TLR2 is expressed at low level in epithelial cells. Thus, it remains unclear whether the low amount of TLR2 expressed in epithelial cells is sufficient for mediating bacteria-induced host defense and immune response and whether TLR2 expression can be up-regulated by bacteria during infection. Here, we show that TLR2, although expressed at very low level in unstimulated human epithelial cells, is greatly up-regulated by nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi), an important human bacterial pathogen causing otitis media and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Activation of an IKKbeta-IkappaBalpha-dependent NF-kappaB pathway is required for TLR2 induction, whereas inhibition of the MKK3/6-p38alpha/beta pathway leads to enhancement of NTHi-induced TLR2 up-regulation. Surprisingly, glucocorticoids, well known potent anti-inflammatory agents, synergistically enhance NTHi-induced TLR2 up-regulation likely via a negative cross-talk with the p38 MAP kinase pathway. These studies may bring new insights into the role of bacteria and glucocorticoids in regulating host defense and immune response and lead to novel therapeutic strategies for modulating innate immune and inflammatory responses for otitis media and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
Field emission of multitip silicon structures with protection coatings (2016)

(0.1–0.3 cm2) area multipoint silicon emitters with two-layer metal–fullerene coatings are studied. Field-emission sources that generate currents of several tens of milliamperes that are sufficient for several millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength microwave sources and compact X-ray sources are developed. Stable operation of multitip silicon field emitters with two-layer metal–fullerene coatings in high-voltage electronic devices is demonstrated at relatively high current output under technical vacuum conditions.
Patient-derived xenografts undergo murine-specific tumor evolution (2017)

Abstract Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have become a prominent model for studying human cancer in vivo . The underlying assumption is that PDXs faithfully represent the genomic features of primary tumors, retaining their molecular characteristics throughout propagation. However, the genomic stability of PDXs during passaging has not yet been evaluated systematically. Here we monitored the dynamics of copy number alterations (CNAs) in 1,110 PDX samples across 24 cancer types. We found that new CNAs accumulated quickly, such that within four passages an average of 12% of the genome was affected by newly acquired CNAs. Selection for preexisting minor clones was a major contributor to these changes, leading to both gains and losses of CNAs. The rate of CNA acquisition in PDX models was correlated with the extent of both aneuploidy and genetic heterogeneity observed in primary tumors of the same tissue. However, the specific CNAs acquired during PDX passaging differed from those acquired during tumor evolution in patients, suggesting that PDX tumors are subjected to distinct selection pressures compared to those that exist in human hosts. Specifically, several recurrent CNAs observed in primary tumors gradually disappeared in PDXs, indicating that events undergoing positive selection in humans can become dispensable during propagation in mice. Finally, we found that the genomic stability of PDX models also affected their responses to chemotherapy and targeted drugs. Our findings thus highlight the need to couple the timing of PDX molecular characterization to that of drug testing experiments. These results suggest that while PDX models are powerful tools, they should be used with caution.
Extreme ultraviolet tomography using a compact laser–plasma source for 3D reconstruction of low density objects (2014)

A tomographic method for three-dimensional reconstruction of low density objects is presented and discussed. The experiment was performed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral region using a desktop system for enhanced optical contrast and employing a compact laser-plasma EUV source, based on a double stream gas puff target. The system allows for volume reconstruction of transient gaseous objects, in this case gas jets, providing additional information for further characterization and optimization. Experimental details and reconstruction results are shown.
Towards Developing Subsidy Disciplines under GATS (2005)

The next major boost to world trade is expected to come from greater trade in services. And this is possible only when greater liberalization in services is achieved which in turn depends on the progress that WTO members make in terms of higher commitments in different rounds of WTO negotiations. As this happens, subsidy practices of various member countries will increasingly come under sharp public scanner. Unlike agricultural and manufactured goods for which subsidy rules or disciplines are already well developed in the WTO, in services these rules/disciplines are yet to be developed. This paper brings out the complexity of issues that come up while developing subsidy disciplines for services under GATS. It discusses available evidence and draws some broad guidelines that can help in the development of subsidies framework.
Silica‐Supported Molybdenum Alkylidyne N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts: Relevance of Site Isolation to Catalytic Performance (2018)

Abstract The immobilization of the molybdenum alkylidyne complex [( p ‐OMe‐C 6 H 4 C≡)Mo(OCMe(CF 3 ) 2 ) 3 ⋅DME] (DME=1,2‐dimethoxyethane) on silica using a silica‐supported N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), that is, 1,3‐di(isopropyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene, is reported. Two different types of silica, that is, silica 60 and partially dehydroxylated silica 60 obtained via heating to 650 °C (SiO 2‐650 ) were used. In both cases, excess silanol groups were end‐capped with trimethylsilyl chloride. Immobilization of both the NHC precursor and the metal alkylidyne was followed by 19 F magic angle spinning (MAS) and 13 C cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR and inductively‐coupled optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES). The metal alkylidyne supported on both types of silica was active in alkyne metathesis and showed activity for a series of functional 2‐alkynes. Most importantly, the metal alkylidyne supported on SiO 2‐650 displayed a substantially higher alkyne metathesis activity than the homogeneous analog or the one supported on regular silica, which is attributed to a site isolation effect and, as a result, reduced bimolecular decomposition.
Increased Levels of Tetra-antennary <i>N</i> -Linked Glycan but Not Core Fucosylation Are Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissue (2012)

The identification of increased levels of tetra-antennary glycan on liver tumor tissue, as opposed to adjacent or nondiseased tissue may lead to improved detection of HCC.
Yes, We Can! (2016)

The passage to applications is a new challenge for MOFs and PCPs. The immense knowledge acquired in academic science deserves a new step, more than just to increase the number of MOFs and PCPs. From his own experience, Gérard Férey analyzes the supplementary factors necessary for a smooth from passage from preparation to applications.
Gene transfer of a novel vasoactive natriuretic peptide stimulates cGMP and lowers blood pressure in mice (2004)

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) is a recently described peptide produced by Dendroaspis angusticeps with structural and functional similarities to mammalian natriuretic peptides. These similarities suggest a potential role for DNP in cardiovascular therapeutics. To determine the physiological effects of chronic delivery of DNP, a gene transfer approach using first generation adenoviral vectors was utilized. Although the gene for DNP has not been cloned in any species, the peptide sequence in the snake is known. Preferred mammalian codons for snake DNP were cloned downstream of either the leader sequence (referred to as pBDNP-1) or prepropeptide sequence of human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) cDNA (referred to as pBDNP-2). Transfections with pBDNP-1 or pBDNP-2 resulted in expected forms of chimeric DNP (cDNP) in cell lysates and conditioned media. Functional studies demonstrated the ability of both forms of cDNP within conditioned media to stimulate cGMP production in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC). Expressed cDNP inhibited hVSMC proliferation and stimulated vasorelaxation in a similar fashion. To investigate the chronic physiological effects of administration of cDNP, an adenoviral vector expressing cDNP (Ad-BDNP) was generated. Intravenous delivery of Ad-BDNP in mice resulted in dose-dependent systemic expression of cDNP. The highest level of expression was associated with consistent elevation of its presumed second messenger (cGMP) for 21 days but with transient lowering of systolic blood pressure in normotensive mice. This study demonstrates the biological features of the expression of the xenogenic peptide DNP.
Heterologous Expression of a Putative ClpC Chaperone Gene Leads to Induction of a Host Metabolite (2018)

Genome mining provides exciting opportunities for the discovery of natural products. However, in contrast to traditional bioassay-guided approaches, challenges of genome mining include poor or no expression of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Additionally, given that thousands of BGCs are now available through extensive genome sequencing, how does one select BGCs for discovery? Synthetic biology techniques can be used for BGC refactoring and activation, whereas resistance-gene-directed genome mining is a promising approach to discover bioactive natural products. Here we report the selection of a BGC by applying a resistance-gene-directed approach, cloning of the silent BGC from <i>Micromonospora</i> sp. B006, promoter exchange, and heterologous expression in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> M1152. While we have yet to identify the encoded compound, we unexpectedly observed induction of a host metabolite, which we hypothesize is due to the presence of a ClpC chaperone gene in the BGC, suggesting that ClpC chaperones may be used for BGC activation.
In Vitro and In Vivo Enhancement of Antitumoral Activity of Liposomal Antisense Oligonucleotides by Cineole as a Chemical Penetration Enhancer (2015)

Cellular uptake and cytoplasmic release of liposomal antisense oligonucleotides (AsODNs), which can act as rate‐limiting steps, are still remained to be completely optimized. Here, the possibility of enhancing such processes at cellular and animal levels by cineole, as a penetration enhancer, was investigated. A cationic nanoliposome containing an AsODN against PKC‐ α and a cineole‐containing nanoliposome were prepared and characterized. The effect of nanoliposomal cineole on sequence‐specific cytotoxicity of nanoliposomal AsODN against A549, was studied in vitro (MTT, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and real time PCR) and in vivo (xenograft lung tumor in nude mice) using different concentrations and treatment times. Results showed specific cytotoxicity of nanoliposomal AsODN was increased significantly from 11% to 25% when A549 cells were exposed to 10 µ g/mL cineole for 1 or 4 hours. This inhibitory effect was further increased to about 40% when the concentration was increased to 40 µ g/mL for 1 hour. In animal studies, cineole significantly decreased the tumor volume (about 75%) and increased its doubling time from 13 days to 31 days. A linear relationship exists between cineole concentration and its enhancement effects. Finally it was concluded that cineole, and possibly other membrane fluidizers, can improve nanoliposomal gene therapy at cellular and animal levels.
Generation of sub-10-fs pulses from a mode-locked Cr3+:LiCAF laser (2002)

Cr 3+ :LiCAF is a very promising material for compact femtosecond laser sources because of its low quantum defect, a broadband emission range around 800 nm, and an absorption band in a spectral range where high-brightness laser diodes are available. For applications such as seeding, ultra high resolution optical coherence tomography, or metrology a compact replacement for the Ti:sapphire oscillator would be highly desirable. Although the gain bandwidth of Cr 3+ :LiCAF supports pulses substantially shorter than 10 fs, the shortest pulse width so far demonstrated from a mode-locked Cr 3+ :LiCAF -Laser is 19 fs [2]. It has been suggested that higher order dispersion and the strong Raman-effect occurring in Colquiirite crystals [2, 3, 4] which leads to a red shift of the spectrum each pass through the gain medium is limiting short pulse generation.
Guidance counselor reports of the ASSISTments college prediction model (ACPM) (2017)

Advances in the learning analytics community have created opportunities to deliver early warnings that alert teachers and instructors when a student is at risk of not meeting academic goals [6], [71]. Alert systems have also been developed for school district leaders [33] and for academic advisors in higher education [39], but other professionals in the K-12 system, namely guidance counselors, have not been widely served by these systems. In this study, we use college enrollment models created for the ASSISTments learning system [55] to develop reports that target the needs of these professionals, who often work directly with students, but usually not in classroom settings. These reports are designed to facilitate guidance counselors' efforts to help students to set long term academic and career goals. As such, they provide the calculated likelihood that a student will attend college (the ASSISTments College Prediction Model or ACPM), alongside student engagement and learning measures. Using design principles from risk communication research and student feedback theories to inform a co-design process, we developed reports that can inform guidance counselor efforts to support student achievement.
A Time-Stepping Volume Integral Method for Nonlinear Field-Circuit Coupled Problems (2023)

International audience
Vibration Analysis for Improving Powertrain Design and Contact Measurements of a Roller Rig (2015)

This paper provides two vibration analyses on a scaled roller rig that is under construction at the Railway Technologies Laboratory of Virginia Tech (VT) for evaluating wheel/rail contact mechanics. The scaled vertical rig includes a wheel that is placed on a roller with similar profile of a U.S. 136 weight rail. Two independent AC servomotors enable controlling the relative speed of the disks to a high degree of precision. Linear actuators allow for adjusting the simulated load, wheel angle of attack, rail cant, and lateral position of the wheel with respect to the rail, including flanging. Rotation of each disk is dominated by internal dynamics of the motors, gearheads, couplers, and flexible shafts. As a result, dynamics of each component has direct effect on the relative speed of the wheel and the roller at the contact patch. On the other hand, it is essential to make sure that the measurements are only caused by the particular subject of study, and not any intermittent source of disturbance such as unbalanced rotation. Electromechanical models of the rig components have been developed in previous works of the authors for studying the overall behavior of the coupled drivelines. This study aims to fulfill the previous studies by analyzing the effect of incorporating compliant joints in the drivelines, as well as unbalanced dynamics in the disks. Appropriate consideration is given to providing an accurate mathematical model of each phenomenon. The mathematical models are solved numerically to carry out parametric studies that represent actual working conditions of the rig. The results of these studies indicate that incorporation of constant velocity joints in sensitive instruments like the roller rig, leads to inevitable axial vibrations that affect both driver and driven sides. This paper also provides a tool for filtering the undesired vibrations from the contact measurements due to unbalanced rotation or other sources of the same nature.
High diagnostic accuracy of histone H4-IgG autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (2017)

HIST1H4A-IgG antibodies improve diagnostic accuracy for SLE vs healthy.
Synthesis of Bicyclic Guanidines via Cascade Hydroamination/Michael Additions of Mono-<i>N</i>-acryloylpropargylguanidines (2014)

A cascade silver(I)-catalyzed hydroamination/Michael addition sequence has been developed to deliver highly substituted bicyclic guanidines. This transformation gives rise to geometrically and constitutionally stable ene-guanidines and generates a remote stereocenter with moderate to high diastereoselectivity.
Interleukin‐1 affects the function of cultured human thyroid cells (1988)

Cytokines are peptide hormones essential for cellular communication in the immune response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cytokines, especially recombinant interleukin 1 beta (rIL-1 beta), on human thyroid cells. Thyroglobulin (Tg) was measured by a double antibody radioimmunoassay, and cyclic AMP (cAMP) by a competitive protein binding assay. Supernatants from unstimulated and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated blood mononuclear cells were added to human thyroid cells cultured in monolayers. A dose-dependent inhibition of the secretion of Tg and cAMP was demonstrated. Both subcultured and primary cultured cells incubated with rIL-1 beta at pharmacological levels (10(-1)-10(2) U/ml) exhibited an inhibition of Tg and cAMP secretion, while at physiological levels (10(-5)-10(-3) U/ml), the secretion of Tg was enhanced. The similar stimulation of cAMP was demonstrated in subcultures. These in vitro studies suggest that IL-1 beta may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Further, the stimulations at low concentrations indicate that IL-1 beta may regulate the function of the thyroid gland under physiological conditions.
(In) Sensitivity to spatial distortion in natural scenes (2010)

The perception of object structure in the natural environment is remarkably stable under large variation in image size and projection, especially given our insensitivity to spatial position outside the fovea. Sensitivity to periodic spatial distortions that were introduced into one quadrant of gray-scale natural images was measured in a 4AFC task. Observers were able to detect the presence of distortions in unfamiliar images even though they did not significantly affect the amplitude spectrum. Sensitivity depended on the spatial period of the distortion and on the image structure at the location of the distortion. The results suggest that the detection of distortion involves decisions made in the late stages of image perception and is based on an expectation of the typical structure of natural scenes.
Robust multi-parameter sensing probe for water monitoring based on ALD-coated metallic micro-patterns (2016)

We report on a multi-sensing probe for water network monitoring enabling simultaneous measurements of water electrical conductivity, flow-rate and temperature. A very simple fabrication process is used where all physical sensors are obtained only from micro-patterning of glass, combining platinum, gold. Further coating using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is achieved for the purpose of reducing both electro-erosion and biofouling, while keeping the sensor's electrical and thermal functionalities. This is critical for long-term reliability of sensors immersed in water. The lateral size of each sensing elements does not exceed a few 100μm. This small footprint allowed implementing a redundancy strategy on the chip, not only for reliability purposes but also to accommodate for different measurement ranges based on scalable designs.
Big Data Analysis and Cyber-Physical Systems (2015)

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) represent an important step on the path to truly smart living environments, efcient automation of industrial processes, and optimization of control in numerous other elds-including medicine, trafc, emergency response, and urban living. Based on merging of digital computation resources with the physical objects, a CPS represents a novel paradigm that aims not merely to be able to gather information about the state of the physical world but also to inuence it based on the gathered data.
Physical transfer of membrane and cytoplasmic components as a general mechanism of cell-cell communication (2009)

Recent evidence from different research areas has revealed a novel mechanism of cell-cell communication by spontaneous intercellular transfer of cellular components (ICT). Here we studied this phenomenon by co-culturing different cells that contain distinct levels of proteins or markers for the plasma membrane or cytoplasm. We found that a variety of transmembrane proteins are transferable between multiple cell types. Membrane lipids also show a high efficiency of intercellular transfer. Size-dependent cytoplasmic transfer allows exchange of cytoplasmic macromolecules up to 40 kDa between somatic cells, and up to 2000 kDa between uncommitted human precursor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Protein transfer, lipid transfer and cytoplasmic component transfer can occur simultaneously and all require direct cell-cell contact. Analyses of the properties of ICT, together with a close examination of cell-cell interactions, suggest that the spontaneous ICT of different cellular components might have a common underlying process: transient local membrane fusions formed when neighboring cells undergo close cell-cell contact.
The Environments of CO Cores and Star Formation in the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy WLM (2022)

Abstract The low metallicities of dwarf irregular galaxies (dIrr) greatly influence the formation and structure of molecular clouds. These clouds, which consist primarily of H 2 , are typically traced by CO, but low-metallicity galaxies are found to have little CO despite ongoing star formation. In order to probe the conditions necessary for CO core formation in dwarf galaxies, we have used the catalog of Rubio et al. for CO cores in WLM, a Local Group dwarf with an oxygen abundance that is 13% of solar. Here we aim to characterize the galactic environments in which these 57 CO cores formed. We grouped the cores together based on proximity to each other and strong FUV emission, examining properties of the star-forming region enveloping the cores and the surrounding environment where the cores formed. We find that high H i surface density does not necessarily correspond to higher total CO mass, but regions with higher CO mass have higher H i surface densities. We also find the cores in star-forming regions spanning a wide range of ages show no correlation between age and CO core mass, suggesting that the small size of the cores is not due to fragmentation of the clouds with age. The presence of CO cores in a variety of different local environments, along with the similar properties between star-forming regions with and without CO cores, leads us to conclude that there are no obvious environmental characteristics that drive the formation of these CO cores.