gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Jefferson Lab. FEL user facility (2000)

Jefferson Lab's IR Demo FEL Facility includes an associated 600 m<SUP>2</SUP> user facility containing six separate laboratory areas. In the summer of 1999 we began delivery of beam int two of these labs as part of our commissioning of the FEL optical transport and laser safety systems. The high average power capability in the mid-IR, along with an ultrafast high PRF temporal structure makes this laser a unique source for both applied and basic research. While commissioning, we conducted several test, primarily of laser-materials interactions that take advantage of the unique characteristics of this FEL. An overview of the FEL facility and its current performance, along with a synopsis of current and future experiments, will be presented.
Evaluation of Impurity Levels in Cathodes of Seven Different SOFC Stacks and Modules before and after Long-Term Operation (2017)

A national project on durability and reliability of SOFCs entitled "Fundamental Study on Rapid Evaluation Method of SOFC Durability" (FY 2013- 2017) focuses on a lifetime of 90,000 h with a degradation rate of 0.1 %/1,000 h. A total of 7 participating companies have been involved in the improvement of durability of SOFC cells/stacks. AIST, as a neutral research institute, is continuously carrying out dissectional analyses using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) of cell stacks from each stack manufacturer before and after long-term operation in order to clarify the cumulative effect on degradation of trace impurities, which would be difficult to detect using conventional analyses. In this paper, we evaluated impurity levels with focus on chromium and sulfur poisoning in cathodes of 7 different SOFC stacks and modules before and after long-term operation.
Über Dienketene aus <i>o</i>‐Chinolacetaten (1986)

On Dien‐Ketenes from o ‐Quinol‐Acetates A detailed picture of the photochemistry of o ‐quinol‐acetates is presented. (RS)‐ 6‐Acetoxy‐6‐methyl‐ , (RS)‐ 6‐acetoxy‐2,6‐dimethyl‐ , (RS)‐ 6‐acetoxy‐5,6‐dimethyl‐ , (RS)‐ 6‐acetoxy‐2,4,6‐trimethyl‐ , (RS)‐ 6‐acetoxy‐2,3,4,6‐tetramethyl‐ , and (RS)‐ 6‐acetoxy‐2,3,4,5,6‐pentamethyl‐2,4‐cyclohexadien‐1‐ones serve as representative educts. There are two separate main photochemical routes conveniently designated as 1 (π*, n) or 3 (π*, π) tracks. The latter may also be attained by sensitization and leads to phenols. The former, by α‐cleavage furnishes dienketens as indispensable phototransients. Photolysis of dien‐ketens follows one or more of three reaction channels, each of which yields a particular type of photoproduct: heat‐induced monocyclization affords 2,4‐cyclohexadien‐1‐ones, heat‐induced bicyclization stereoselectively furnishes bicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐en‐2‐ones, and multi‐step addition of protic nucleophiles stereoselectively gives 1,4‐, 1,6‐ and/or 1,2‐adducts. By X‐ray analysis or NOE studies, the structure of isolated photoproducts is established. Conventional spectroscopy at low or flash spectroscopy at normal temperature yield information on the formation and decay of kinetically unstable intermediates. Photoproduct composition depends on the pattern of substitution of the educts, on the solvents, and on the nucleophiles that might be present. Substituents primarily exert an influence upon the population of the various conformers of the dien‐keten. Solvents affect the rate of the divers reaction paths competing for the phototransient. Nucleophiles play more than a trivial role when adducts are formed. With the detailed view of a dien‐keten's role on hand, the photoproduct from a given o ‐quinol‐acetate or more general from a linear conjugated cyclohexadienone is now predictable.
An experimental study of the effect of ply orientation on ballistic impact performance of multi-ply fabric panels (2015)

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study of the effect of ply orientation on the ballistic performance of the multi-ply fabric panels. The fabric panels used in the experiments were constructed by laying plies of plain-woven fabrics in a selection of orientations. Particular attention was paid to the stacking sequence of fabrics with different laying angles. Ballistic impact tests were carried out on such angled fabric panels. The results showed significant improvement in energy-absorbing capacity of the angled multi-ply panel over the conventional aligned panel where all fabric plies are laid in the same orientation. The impact energy absorption by these angled fabric panels showed a 14% increase over the aligned counterpart, depending on the number of the plies. Optimizing the stacking sequence of the angled plies caused a 15% increase in impact energy absorption. For the panels with a large number of plies, such as the eight-ply panels, the effective panel construction can be determined according to the performance of the sub-level ply group.
THE PRINCIPLES OF COMPLEXITY IN BUBBLY FLOW (2005)

There are evidences of complexity that may play a crucial role in flow regime transition of bubbly flow in vertical pipes of centimeter scale. Such a complex nature most likely contributes to several unresolved questions about transient conditions Even much less is known about bubbly flow in complex geometry that is designed for special applications. The reason is two fold, first because there are a vast number of possible apparatuses that utilize bubbly flow. Second, the initial and boundary conditions may alter the appearance of dispersed structure so that there seems to be no common first principles applicable to several cases. Different examples were undertaken in these studies to prove that this may not be so. They are: bubbly to slug flow transition in a vertical pipe under adiabatic conditions, cavitating bubbly structures and suspended bubbles in forced mixing. Although different cases by nature, they enable a common approach that can be described roughly as a two-part process: first, the scale information is broken into parts, and once the information is analyzed by the discrimination system lower level, it can be reassembled by the system higher level to tell us what is where in the environment. The following features of complexity are pointed out: significant interaction, high number of parts or degrees of freedom, nonlinearity, broken symmetry, and nonholonomic constraints. It is shown in this paper how these principles of complexity can eventually explain a controversial behavior on macroscale by identifying key phenomena that are rooted in microscale.
Practical Private Range Search In Depth (2018)

We consider a data owner that outsources its dataset to an untrusted server. The owner wishes to enable the<br> server to answer range queries on a single attribute, without compromising the privacy of the data and the<br> queries. There are several schemes on “practical” private range search (mainly in databases venues) that attempt<br> to strike a trade-off between efficiency and security. Nevertheless, these methods either lack provable security<br> guarantees, or permit unacceptable privacy leakages. In this paper, we take an interdisciplinary approach, which<br> combines the rigor of security formulations and proofs with efficient Data Management techniques.We construct<br> a wide set of novel schemes with realistic security/performance trade-offs, adopting the notion of Searchable<br> Symmetric Encryption (SSE) primarily proposed for keyword search. We reduce range search to multi-keyword<br> search using range covering techniques with tree-like indexes, and formalize the problem as Range Searchable<br> Symmetric Encryption (RSSE). We demonstrate that, given any secure SSE scheme, the challenge boils down<br> to (i) formulating leakages that arise from the index structure, and (ii) minimizing false positives incurred by<br> some schemes under heavy data skew. We also explain an important concept in the recent SSE bibliography,<br> namely locality, and design generic and specialized ways to attribute locality to our RSSE schemes. Moreover,<br> we are the first to devise secure schemes for answering range aggregate queries, such as range sums and range<br> min/max. We analytically detail the superiority of our proposals over prior work and experimentally confirm<br> their practicality.
Immunologic properties of purified epidermal Langerhans cells. Distinct requirements for stimulation of unprimed and sensitized T lymphocytes. (1986)

Langerhans cells (LC) are Ia+ leukocytes that account for less than 2% of the cells in murine epidermal isolates. We purified LC by cell sorting to study their capacity to stimulate antigen-specific responses from unprimed and sensitized T cells. Sorting was performed after 12 or 72 h of epidermal culture, since our earlier work had indicated that LC became immunologically active during that time interval. At 12 and 72 h, the LC were uniformly and equally rich in the Ia glycoproteins that are recognized by helper T cells. At both time points, LC were comparable in their capacity to stimulate sensitized helper T lymphocytes, and would cluster the T cells in an antigen-dependent fashion at 4 degrees C. However, 12-h LC did not sensitize T cells, as indicated by their inactivity in stimulating the primary MLR or antibody response, and they were unable to cluster T cells in an antigen-independent fashion at 37 degrees C. The latter properties were acquired during 72 h of culture. As a result, the function of 72-h LC fully resembled that of lymphoid dendritic cells. We propose that the maturation of stimulatory function within the dendritic cell lineage represents an important control point in the induction phase of cell-mediated immunity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium Diphosphine Complexes: A Case Study for Catalyst Activation and Deactivation (2014)

Abstract Review: 147 refs.
Signals to Spikes for Neuromorphic Regulated Reservoir Computing and EMG Hand Gesture Recognition (2021)

Surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals result from muscle movement and hence they are an ideal candidate for benchmarking event-driven sensing and computing. We propose a simple yet novel approach for optimizing the spike encoding algorithm’s hyper-parameters inspired by the readout layer concept in reservoir computing. Using a simple machine learning algorithm after spike encoding, we report performance higher than the state-of-the-art spiking neural networks on two open-source datasets for hand gesture recognition. The spike encoded data is processed through a spiking reservoir with a biologically inspired topology and neuron model. When trained with the unsupervised activity regulation CRITICAL algorithm to operate at the edge of chaos, the reservoir yields better performance than state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks. The reservoir performance with regulated activity was found to be 89.72% for the Roshambo EMG dataset and 70.6% for the EMG subset of sensor fusion dataset. Therefore, the biologically-inspired computing paradigm, which is known for being power efficient, also proves to have a great potential when compared with conventional AI algorithms.
AIDS virus–specific CD8+ T lymphocytes against an immunodominant cryptic epitope select for viral escape (2007)

Cryptic major histocompatibility complex class I epitopes have been detected in several pathogens, but their importance in the immune response to AIDS viruses remains unknown. Here, we show that Mamu-B*17(+) simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac239-infected rhesus macaques that spontaneously controlled viral replication consistently made strong CD8(+) T lymphocyte (CD8-TL) responses against a cryptic epitope, RHLAFKCLW (cRW9). Importantly, cRW9-specific CD8-TL selected for viral variation in vivo and effectively suppressed SIV replication in vitro, suggesting that they might play a key role in the SIV-specific response. The discovery of an immunodominant CD8-TL response in elite controller macaques against a cryptic epitope suggests that the AIDS virus-specific cellular immune response is likely far more complex than is generally assumed.
Cone opponent functional domains in primary visual cortex combine signals for color appearance mechanisms (2022)

Studies of color perception have led to mechanistic models of how cone-opponent signals from retinal ganglion cells are integrated to generate color appearance. But it is unknown how this hypothesized integration occurs in the brain. Here we show that cone-opponent signals transmitted from retina to primary visual cortex (V1) are integrated through highly organized circuits within V1 to implement the color opponent interactions required for color appearance. Combining intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISI) and 2-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) at single cell resolution, we demonstrate cone-opponent functional domains (COFDs) that combine L/M cone-opponent and S/L + M cone-opponent signals following the rules predicted from psychophysical studies of color perception. These give rise to an orderly organization of hue preferences of the neurons within the COFDs and the generation of hue "pinwheels". Thus, spatially organized neural circuits mediate an orderly transition from cone-opponency to color appearance that begins in V1.
CAL1 is the <i>Drosophila</i> CENP-A assembly factor (2014)

Centromeres are specified epigenetically by the incorporation of the histone H3 variant CENP-A. In humans, amphibians, and fungi, CENP-A is deposited at centromeres by the HJURP/Scm3 family of assembly factors, but homologues of these chaperones are absent from a number of major eukaryotic lineages such as insects, fish, nematodes, and plants. In Drosophila, centromeric deposition of CENP-A requires the fly-specific protein CAL1. Here, we show that targeting CAL1 to noncentromeric DNA in Drosophila cells is sufficient to heritably recruit CENP-A, kinetochore proteins, and microtubule attachments. CAL1 selectively interacts with CENP-A and is sufficient to assemble CENP-A nucleosomes that display properties consistent with left-handed octamers. The CENP-A assembly activity of CAL1 resides within an N-terminal domain, whereas the C terminus mediates centromere recognition through an interaction with CENP-C. Collectively, this work identifies the "missing" CENP-A chaperone in flies, revealing fundamental conservation between insect and vertebrate centromere-specification mechanisms.
Figure S5 from ID1 Is Critical for Tumorigenesis and Regulates Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Spearman correlation of ID1 vs EGFR gene expression in all glioblastoma patients. (B) Spearman correlation of ID1 vs EGFR gene expression in the Classical subtype. (C) Spearman correlation of ID1 gene expression and EGFR_pY1173 RPPA in the Classical subtype. (D) Spearman correlation of ID1 gene expression and EGFR_pY1173 RPPA in all GBM patients with available RPPA data.&lt;/p&gt;
Figure S4 from Cyclophilin A Function in Mammary Epithelium Impacts Jak2/Stat5 Signaling, Morphogenesis, Differentiation, and Tumorigenesis in the Mammary Gland (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immunohistochemistry of CypA+/+ x erbB2 and CypA-/- x erbB2&lt;/p&gt;
Coordinated bidding of ancillary services for vehicle-to-grid using fuzzy optimization (2014)

Electric vehicles (EVs) can be effectively integrated with the power grid through vehicle-to-grid (V2G). V2G has been proven to reduce the EV owner cost, support the power grid, and generate revenues for the EV owner. Due to regulatory and physical considerations, aggregators are necessary for EVs to participate in electricity markets. The aggregator combines the capacities of many EVs and bids their aggregated capacity into electricity markets. In this paper, an optimal bidding of ancillary services coordinated across different markets, namely regulation and spinning reserves, is proposed. This coordinated bidding considers electricity market uncertainties using fuzzy optimization. The electricity market parameters are forecasted using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. The fuzzy set theory is used to model the uncertainties in the forecasted data of the electricity market, such as ancillary service prices and their deployment signals. Simulations are performed on a hypothetical group of 10000 EVs in the electric reliability council of Texas electricity markets. The results show the benefit of the proposed fuzzy algorithm compared with previously proposed deterministic algorithms that do not consider market uncertainties.
GM-CSF: Anti-Cancer Immune Response and Therapeutic Application (2021)

A primary focus of cancer therapeutics today is precision, or target directed, therapy. Combination treatment with precision therapy can involve both immune and signal pathway targets. One approach involving the chemokine GMCSF involves enhancement of the immune system. Herein is a review of the literature and the current therapeutic role of GM-CSF, including the proposed immune mechanisms and potential applications of GM-CSF to enhance anticancer immunotherapy. GM-CSF’s potent effects on dendritic cell activation and subsequent stimulation of T-lymphocyte activity make it an attractive potential addition to combination therapeutic regimens, including radiation therapy, oncolytic viral therapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, and autologous tumor vaccines, and warrants further clinical exploration, with an emphasis on identifying concomitant molecular pathways that mediate resistance and sensitivity to the GM-CSF effect.
Saddle point singularity and topological phase diagram in a tunable topological crystalline insulator (TCI) (2014)

A topological crystalline insulator (TCI) is a new phase of topological matter, which is predicted to exhibit distinct topological quantum phenomena, since space group symmetries replace the role of time-reversal symmetry in the much-studied Z$_2$ topological insulators. Utilizing high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we reveal the momentum space nature of interconnectivity of the Fermi surface pockets leading to a saddle point singularity within the topological surface state alone in the TCI Pb$_{0.7}$Sn$_{0.3}$Se. Moreover, we show that the measured momentum-integrated density of states exhibits pronounced peaks at the saddle point energies, demonstrating the van Hove singularities (VHSs) in the topological surface states, whose surface chemical potential, as we show, can be tuned via surface chemical gating, providing access to the topological correlated physics on the surface. Our experimental data reveal a delicate relationship among lattice constant, band gap and spin-orbit coupling strength associated with the topological phase transition in Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$Se. Furthermore, we explore the robustness of the TCI phase with VHS in Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$Se, which shows a variety of distinct topological phase transitions driven by either thermal instability or broken crystalline symmetry, and thus revealing a rich topological phase diagram connectivity in Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$Se for the first time.
Electroluminescence from polyurethanes with emissive and charge-transporting chromophores and their blends (1996)

Polyurethanes with a diphenylamino-substituted 1,4-bisstyrylbenzene unit for an emissive and charge-transport chromophore were prepared. Single-layer electroluminescent (EL) diodes were made of spin-coated polyurethane films. An indium-tin-oxide (ITO) anode and a magnesium-silver alloy cathode were used. The EL diode made of the polyurethane exhibited the maximum luminance of 35 cd/m2 at 570 mA/cm2 at applied voltage of 26 V. When cyano groups were attached to the 1,4-bisstyrylbenzene unit, the maximum luminance of 1000 cd/m2 for 870 mA/cm2 at voltage of 26 V was attained. The external quantum efficiency of the latter device was calculated to be 0.035%. The emission peaks of these two devices were 505 and 590 nm. Two polyurethanes were found to be mixed homogeneously and EL diodes were fabricated using blend films.
Ergodic Theory and Visualization II: Visualization of Resonances and Periodic Sets (2008)

We extend the computational visualization method proposed in [1, 2] using the concept of the harmonic time averages presented in [3]. Algorithms for frequency analysis of the phase space are constructed and implemented numerically, producing a graphical visualization of the periodic sets for a given periodicity. The convergence of the harmonic time averages is addressed, and an algorithm using more functions is proposed for visualization of the phase space periodic partitions. Visualization of chaotic regions based on the same concept is exposed as well. The method is presented in the context of the discrete-time dynamical systems using the Chirikov standard map as the prototype. Applications to other maps are included.
The Many Faces of Rickets (1998)

The typical clinical picture of rickets, first clearly described in the 17th century, includes growth-plate abnormalities and delayed growth, weakening and bowing of weight-bearing bones, hypoplasia of tooth enamel, and hypocalcemia with muscle hypotonia and even tetany. The basic skeletal lesion is impaired mineralization of the matrix produced by growth-plate chondrocytes or osteoblasts. The same disease in adults, osteomalacia, is much more silent, because the growth-plate effects, and therefore growth effects, are absent. In simple vitamin D deficiency, either small doses of vitamin D or exposure to ultraviolet radiation can correct all the bony abnormalities.A few patients, however, are . . .
Cu-Releasing Bioactive Glass Coatings and Their in Vitro Properties (2019)

Bioactive glasses are well-known materials suitable for bone-related applications thanks to their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. In order to improve their in vivo performance, the modification of the glass composition by adding ions with specific biological functions is required. As copper (Cu) possesses antibacterial properties, in this study, 5 wt % of CuO has been added to the 45S5 bioactive glass composition. The investigation of the effect of the Cu-containing bioactive glass on cellular behavior has revealed that the presence of Cu induces an early differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through osteoblast phenotype, promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin, and reduces proinflammatory interleukin expression. With the aim to produce coatings with antibacterial properties, the Cu-containing bioactive glass was used as the target material for the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of bioactive thin films. PLD experiments were carried out at different substrate temperatures to study the effect on the film's characteristics. All of the films are compact, crack-free, and characterized by a rough morphology and good wettability. The in vitro bioactivity was demonstrated by the apatite growth on the coating surface, after soaking in simulated body fluid, revealed by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analyses. The antibacterial study proved that the material showed more effective activity against three Gram-negative bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica) rather than against Gram-positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus).
Direct sequence spread spectrum acquisition with sample accumulation in fading channels (1999)

In this paper we consider direct sequence spread spectrum acquisition systems with a search mode employing a sliding correlator, followed by a verification mode employing parallel integrate-and-dump correlators. In this paper we focus on a technique to improve the performance of the search mode. Received PN code periods are correlated with a local section of the PN code. Delays corresponding to high correlation results are verified in the verification mode. If the verification process is not successful a new received PN code period is correlated. In conventional techniques, the correlation results from previous code periods are erased. In this paper we propose a method where these correlation results are retained and a moving average of correlation results is performed. A considerable improvement in the performance of the acquisition system is achieved.