gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rear Collision Avoidance Using Only Small Baseline Wide Angle Stereo Camera (2011)

A large number of new vehicles are being equipped with parking and backing-up assistant systems. Those systems support the driver to better “see” obstacles relying to the driver to react on time to avoid collisions but none of them can detect generic obstacles to control the vehicle and prevent collisions. The authors present a vision “only” safety system. The authors have chosen a wide-angle stereovision-based sensor combined with computer vision intelligence to detect all obstacles above 10cm up to 6m behind the vehicle. Additionally to detecting all obstacles, the system also recognizes pedestrians, which is needed to enhance collision avoidance intelligence. The authors aim at detecting pedestrians and cars, but also curbs, stopping blocks and small rocks which are ignored by most of other systems. In order to fulfill automotive design requirements, and make it easy to install, the authors have developed a 140deg monitoring system (120deg effective stereo) using only a 5cm baseline on a single board stereo camera. From a theoretical point of view, the authors explain how to determine minimal baseline and image resolution. The authors confirm the theory by a series of experiments. The authors present the system ability to detect (h>10cm) obstacles in urban situations.
Respiratory muscle dysfunction in long-COVID patients (2022)

Our findings point towards respiratory muscle dysfunction as a novel aspect of COVID-19 sequelae. Thus, we strongly advocate for systematic respiratory muscle testing during the diagnostic workup of persistently symptomatic, convalescent COVID-19 patients.
Stereospezifische Überführung chiraler acyclischer tertiärer Phosphinsulfide in die entsprechenden tertiären Phosphinoxide mit Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) (1975)

Abstract Die Überführung chiraler acyclischer tertiärer Phosphinsulfide in die entsprechenden tertiären Phosphinoxide mit DMSO in saurer Lösung erfolgt unter vollständiger Inversion der Konfiguration am zentralen Phosphoratom. Aufgrund dieses stereochemischen Verlaufs wird ein Mechanismus für die Reaktion zur Diskussion gestellt.
Dynamic routing based on road connectivity for urban vehicular environments (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a new geographic routing scheme for urban vehicular environments called ¿Dynamic Road Connectivity-based Routing¿ (D-RCBR). The proposed approach exploits distributed information about road connectivity and vehicles distribution to optimize routing decisions. To ensure the packet delivery, D-RCBR defines a new concept of Road Connectivity that provides local topology knowledge and checks if two adjacent intersections delimiting a road segment are actually connected through multi-hop vehicular communication. Then, based on local dissemination strategy, a dynamic routing is performed through the road intersections according to greedy principle. However, since local maximum problems are likely to happen considering only a greedy selection of vertex, D-RCBR defines a recovery procedure inspired from the right hand rule. The simulation results show encouraging performance in comparison to other existing approaches in the literature.
Evaluation of the VNTR region in the IDO promoter in women with preeclampsia (2013)

Indoleamine 2,3 – dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that aids in immunosuppression and tolerance. Previous studies have shown decreased IDO activity in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia, but the mechanism for this altered activity is unknown. Our study was designed to analyze the promoter region of IDO in preeclamptic and control women and identify the frequency of a VNTR genotype that has been shown to be significantly correlated with tryptophan levels in women; a surrogate marker for IDO activity.
Scintillation Properties and ��-ray Detection Capabilities of Thin-film Plastic Scintillators (2019)

The photoluminescence and scintillation properties of thin-film plastic scintillators of 5-100 m thicknesses have been analyzed. The photoluminescence and X-ray-induced radioluminescence spectra exhibited a peak at 400-450 nm, which is typical for generic plastic scintillators. As for the radioluminescence spectra, the contribution of the short-wavelength component decreased with the increase in thickness owing to the self-absorption of scintillation photons inside the scintillators themselves. The temporal profiles of scintillation exhibited a fast decay on the order of nanoseconds. The pulse-height spectra of the scintillation detectors equipped with thin-film plastic scintillators were obtained for 5.4 MeV -rays from 241 Am to evaluate the -ray detection capabilities. Peaks were observed for thin-film plastic scintillators of 9 and 22 m thicknesses, and their light yields were estimated to be 830 and 410 photons/MeV, respectively. The dependence of pulse height spectra on film thickness indicates that selfabsorption occurs in such thin films.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of the First Enantiomerically Pure (Triazolinylidene)ruthenium(ii) and ‐rhodium(iii) Chelate Complexes (1997)

Abstract The chloro bridges of the dinuclear complexes [(. 65 ‐cymene)‐RuCl 2 ] 2 and [(. 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )RhCl 2 ] 2 can be cleaved by reaction wht an N ‐phenyltriazolium perchlorate ( 1 ) and a base, resulting in the formation of (carbene)metal complexes. In this manner, abstraction of one ortho ‐proton of the phenyl group and elimination of HCl leads to pseudo ‐tetrahedral ruthenium ( 2 ) and rhodium ( 3 ) complexes, thereby creating a stereogenic center at the transition metal. By using enantiomerically pure triazolium perchlorates, the diastereoselective synthesis of these complexes with diastereomeric excesses of up to 95% can be achieved, with the possibility of separating the two diastereomers by column chromatography. The relative, and therefore also the absolute configuration of the ruthenium complex ( R Ru )‐ 2b could be determined by X‐ray structure analysis. A stereospecific substitution of chlorine by iodine or acetonitrile to form the diastereomerically pure complexes 4, 5 and 6 (the latter as cationic ruthenium complexes) allows a further variation of the ligands.
Accuracy of 1-Hour Plasma Glucose During the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Meta-analysis (2021)

The 1-h PG of ≥11.6 mmol/L during OGTT has a good sensitivity and specificity for detecting type 2 diabetes. Prescreening with a diabetes-specific risk calculator to identify high-risk individuals is suggested to decrease the proportion of false-positive cases. Studies including other ethnic groups and assessing complication risk are warranted.
Using Clinical Decision Support Systems for Acute Kidney Injury Pragmatic Trials (2019)

Following the initial introduction of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) into the clinical practice in the 1970s, the complexity and performance quality of CDSSs have increased. The current literature on the efficacy and effectiveness of such systems shows conflicting results. While some studies show a clear benefit in quality-of-care improvement, others fail to replicate these outcomes. Heterogeneity of studies and the complexity of CDSS characteristics drive these conflicting conclusions. The lower cost and the easier implementation of pragmatic clinical trials provide an excellent platform to prove the effectiveness of CDSS in the real-world scenarios. To achieve better results, a series of explanatory trials are needed to identify the most effective CDSS in controlled settings. Therefore, utilization of both explanatory and pragmatic trial designs is necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CDSS on the care of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in the acute setting. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the literature on critical care-related CDSS, its characteristics and dimensions, differences between pragmatic and explanatory trials, and potential proposals for both trial designs for AKI.
Oligosilanylsulfanes: New Functional Derivatives of Higher Silicon Hydrides (2005)

α, ω-Bis(organylthio)-derivatives of linear oligosilanes RS-SiH2(SiH2)nSiH2-SR (n = 0, 1, 2; R = Me, Ph, 2-Naphthyl, SiPh3) are formed in the reaction of the corresponding α, ω-dibromooligosilanes with suitable alkali metal thiolates or with HSSiPh3/Et3N without destruction of the oligosilane skeleton. Product distribution and yields, however, are strongly influenced by the nucleophilic strength of the sulfur nucleophile. The structures proposed for the oligosilanylsulfanes thus prepared are proved by 29Si, 1H NMR, and MS investigations.
Range Scans based 3D Shape Retrieval (2015)

The objective of the SHREC'15 Range Scans based 3D Shape Retrieval track is to evaluate algorithms that match range scans of real objects to complete 3D mesh models in a target dataset. The task is to retrieve a rank list of complete 3D models that are of the same category given the range scan of a query object. This capability is essential to many computer vision systems that involves recognition and classification of objects in the environment based on depth information. In this track, the target dataset consists of 1200 3D mesh models and the query set has 180 range scans of 60 physical objects. Six research groups participated in the contest with a total of 16 different runs. This paper presents the track datasets, participants' methods and the results of the contest.
Thermodynamic Effects in Nanoscale NaAlH<sub>4</sub> (2010)

The hydrogen uptake in NaAlH4 infiltrated into a microporous carbon fibre matrix is investigated. The composite material exhibits a significant change in its thermodynamic properties as can be seen from the comparison of the pressure composition isotherms of the encapsulated material with the one obtained for bulk NaAlH4 catalyzed with 4 mol % CeCl3 (see graph).
Open PHACTS: semantic interoperability for drug discovery (2012)

Open PHACTS is a public-private partnership between academia, publishers, small and medium sized enterprises and pharmaceutical companies. The goal of the project is to deliver and sustain an 'open pharmacological space' using and enhancing state-of-the-art semantic web standards and technologies. It is focused on practical and robust applications to solve specific questions in drug discovery research. OPS is intended to facilitate improvements in drug discovery in academia and industry and to support open innovation and in-house non-public drug discovery research. This paper lays out the challenges and how the Open PHACTS project is hoping to address these challenges technically and socially.
A logarithmic measure of image enhancement (2006)

Image enhancement performance is currently judged subjectively, with no reliable manner of quantifying the results of an enhancement. Current quantitative measures rely on linear algorithms to determine contrast, leaving room for improvement. With the introduction of more complex enhancement algorithms, there is a need for an effective method of quantifying performance to select optimal parameters. In this paper, we present a logarithmic based image enhancement measure. We demonstrate its performance on real world images. The results will show the effectiveness of our measures to select optimal enhancement parameters for the enhancement algorithms.
Antiepileptic drugs and teratogenesis in two consecutive cohorts: changes in prescription policy paralleled by changes in pattern of malformations. (1992)

We analyzed the influence of changes in the prescribing of antiepileptic drugs to pregnant women on frequency and pattern of malformations in their offspring by comparing two consecutive cohorts (1972 to 1979, cohort A; 1980 to 1985, cohort B). In cohort A, 15 (10%) of 151 exposed, live-born infants had one or more congenital anomalies, which consisted primarily of congenital heart defects, facial clefts, and syndromes of dysmorphia with developmental retardation, in association with polytherapy (carbamazepine plus phenobarbitone plus valproate, with or without phenytoin, or phenobarbitone plus phenytoin plus primidone). In cohort B, the prescribing of phenobarbitone, phenytoin, or primidone had dropped markedly, whereas monotherapy with valproate and carbamazepine had increased. Thirteen (7.6%) of 172 exposed, live-born infants had congenital anomalies. The most frequent anomalies were spinal defects (four) and glandular hypospadias (three), all in association with maternal therapy with valproate, carbamazepine, or both. The results underline the need for continuation of prospective studies to monitor the effect of change in prescribing policies and to evaluate the role of metabolic interactions between drugs prescribed in combination.
A Macrosphelide as the Unexpected Product of a Pleurotus ostreatus Strain-Mediated Biotransformation of Halolactones Containing the gem-Dimethylcyclohexane Ring. Part 1 (2016)

The aim of the study was to obtain new compounds during biotransformation of two halocompounds, the δ-bromo and δ-iodo-γ-bicyclolactones 1 and 2. Unexpectedly Pleurotus ostreatus produced together with the hydroxylactone, 2-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-8-one (3), its own metabolite (3S,9S,15S)-(6E,12E)-3,9,15-trimethyl-4,10,16-trioxacyclohexa-deca-6,12-diene-1,5,8,11,14-pentaone (4). The method presented here, in which this macrosphelide 4 was obtained by biotransformation, has not been previously described in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this compound has been prepared only by chemical synthesis to date. This is the first report on the possibility of the biosynthesis of this compound by the Pleurotus ostreatus strain. The conditions and factors, like temperature, salts, organic solvents, affecting the production of this macrosphelide by Pleurotus ostreatus strain were examined. The highest yield of macroshphelide production was noticed for halolactones, as well with iodide, bromide, iron and copper (2+) ions as inductors.
Toward High‐Performance Diamond Electronics: Control and Annihilation of Dislocation Propagation by Metal‐Assisted Termination (2019)

A major obstacle limiting diamond electronics is dislocations, which deteriorate device properties. As threading dislocations (TDs) are normally inherited from the substrate to the epitaxial layer, control and annihilation of their propagation are important. Herein, metal‐assisted termination (MAT), in which the propagation of dislocations is suppressed by in situ metal doping, is proposed. Heavy W doping is realized by a hot‐filament (HF) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using heated wires at a high temperature of &gt;2400‐K. A large reduction of TD density is confirmed by cathodoluminescence studies and etch‐pit analysis. The impact of dislocation reduction is investigated electrically. After insertion of the MAT buffer layer, Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) show improved rectifying action and highly uniform characteristics even when substrates with high dislocation densities (mosaic and heteroepitaxial wafers) are used. The 3D structure of dislocation propagation is successfully captured by two‐photon‐excited photoluminescence (2PPL) imaging of Band‐A luminescence. The 2PPL Band‐A luminescence (without band‐edge excitation) shows high spatial resolution in the depth direction. An abrupt decrease in TD density is captured for heteroepitaxial substrates with an inserted MAT buffer layer. The MAT technique provides an effective approach to realize high‐performance diamond electronics.
Abstract 3544: Ras GTPases are modified by SUMOylation (2018)

Abstract RAS proteins are GTPases that participate in multiple signal cascades, regulating crucial cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and autophagy. Mutations or deregulated activities of RAS are frequently the driving force for oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis. Given the important roles of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) pathway in controlling the stability, activity, or subcellular localization of key cellular regulators, we investigated here whether RAS proteins are post-translationally modified (i.e., SUMOylated) by the SUMO pathway. We observed that all three RAS protein isoforms (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS) were modified by the SUMO3 protein. SUMOylation of KRAS protein, either endogenous or ectopically expressed, was observed in multiple cell lines. The SUMO3 modification of KRAS proteins could be removed by SUMO1/sentrin-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) and SENP2, but not by SENP6, indicating that RAS SUMOylation is a reversible process. A conserved residue in RAS, Lys-42, was a site that mediates SUMOylation. Results from biochemical and molecular studies indicated that the SUMO-E3 ligase PIASγ specifically interacts with RAS and promotes its SUMOylation. Moreover, SUMOylation of RAS appeared to be associated with its activation. In summary, our study reveals a new post-translational modification for RAS proteins. Since we found that HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS can all be SUMOylated, we propose that SUMOylation might represent a mechanism by which RAS activities are controlled. Citation Format: Byeong Hyeok Choi, Changyan Chen, Mark Philips, Wei Dai. Ras GTPases are modified by SUMOylation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3544.
A112 EARLY USE OF THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING TO INDIVIDUALIZE INFLIXIMAB THERAPY IN PAEDIATRIC IBD: A MULTICENTRE PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY (2018)

Utilization of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to individualize biologic therapy is a logical strategy, given the variable drug clearance and multiple factors influencing pharmacokinetics. Indeed, previously documented wide variability of infliximab levels have been observed early post induction in pediatric patients. However, a randomized controlled trial in adults did not demonstrate improved outcomes with TDM implemented following induction phase of infliximab treatment. The aim of the study was to determine infliximab trough levels during induction therapy in children with IBD, with the goal to pre-emptively personalize maintenance dosing. Beginning in May 2016, children with IBD at participating sites in the Canadian Children IBD Network, when prescribed 3-dose infliximab induction therapy via either standard or intensified regimen, had pre-infusion trough levels measured by ELISA at the time of 3rd dose. An algorithm incorporating this trough level and the interval between doses 2 and 3 was used to determine timing and dose of first maintenance infusion, aiming to provide a trough level of 5–10 ug/mL when tested before dose 4. Induction regimens were at the discretion of the treating physician, but often intensified among patients with severe UC. Influence of patient demographics and baseline clinical disease activity (physician global assessment and wPCDAI or PUCAI) on early trough levels were assessed. From May to October 2016 at 6 participating sites, 77 children (mean age 12.4 years, 57% male, 53% CD, 47% UC/IBD-U) received 3-dose infliximab induction. CD patients were infused in standard fashion at weeks 0, 2, 6 with a mean dose of 5.5mg/kg/dose and concomitant immunomodulation (93% methotrexate; 7 % azathioprine); median pre-dose 3 IFX level was 11.9ug/ml (IQR: 8.5–27.2). UC/IBD-U patients (18% steroid-dependent, 82% steroid-refractory) received more drug (mean 6.8mg/kg/dose across 3 doses) and via an intensified regimen in 34%. Pre-dose 3 IFX levels (median 13.5ug/ml;IQR: 4.9–24.3) were comparable to CD despite higher dosing. 25% of UC/IBD-U patients vs. 11% of CD patients had infliximab trough level <5 ug/ml at time of dose 3. Variability in infliximab exposure is evident during induction. Patients with UC cleared drug more rapidly, requiring higher weight-based dosing and a more intensive regimen to achieve comparable drug levels post induction. Ongoing monitoring of trough levels measured prior to dose 4 in this cohort will determine whether early TDM with personalized dosing more consistently ensures adequate drug exposure with subsequent better clinical outcome. None
Préparation et entretien des pistes. Manuel pour le praticien (2002)

Au tout début de l'histoire des sports d'hiver, la neige était d'abord comprimée à l'aide des skis afin de faciliter la glisse et d'augmenter la sécurité. Les engins de damage ne sont venus qu'ultérieurement. Au fil des années, les avantages d'une rotation plus aisée des skis et la possibilité d'atteindre des vitesses plus élevées sur des pistes préparées sont venus s'ajouter à l'aspect de sécurité. Aujourd'hui, lors du choix d'une station de ski, la qualité des pistes joue un rôle prépondérant pour les adeptes des sports d'hiver.&lt;br /&gt;Pour répondre aux exigences élevées des usagers, les responsables des domaines skiables et des remontées mécaniques doivent effectuer d'importants efforts techniques et financiers. Au cours des dernières années, les parcs d'appareils et de machines ont fait l'objet d'une véritable course aux investissements. Il n'en reste cependant pas moins vrai qu'en matière de machines, la devise «toujours plus grand» peut mener au gouffre financier. Ce risque a incité de nombreux exploitants de domaine skiable à s'accorder une pause de réflexion. Par ailleurs, la demande est de plus en plus grande en faveur de méthodes écologiques et économiques de préparation des pistes. [...]
The Yin-Yang Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and MicroRNAs in Cancer (2019)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen-containing chemical species formed as a by-product of normal aerobic respiration and also from a number of other cellular enzymatic reactions. ROS function as key mediators of cellular signaling pathways involved in proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and immune response. However, elevated and sustained ROS production promotes tumor initiation by inducing DNA damage or mutation and activates oncogenic signaling pathways to promote cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that ROS can facilitate carcinogenesis by controlling microRNA (miRNA) expression through regulating miRNA biogenesis, transcription, and epigenetic modifications. Likewise, miRNAs have been shown to control cellular ROS homeostasis by regulating the expression of proteins involved in ROS production and elimination. In this review, we summarized the significance of ROS in cancer initiation, progression, and the regulatory crosstalk between ROS and miRNAs in cancer.