gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Soil Solution into a Microfluidic Chip (2021)

Collecting real-time data on physical and chemical parameters of the soil is a prerequisite for resource-efficient and environmentally sustainable agriculture. For continuous in situ measurement of soil nutrients such as nitrate or phosphate, a lab-on-chip approach combined with wireless remote readout is promising. For this purpose, the soil solution, i.e., the water in the soil with nutrients, needs to be extracted into a microfluidic chip. Here, we present a soil-solution extraction unit based on combining a porous ceramic filter with a microfluidic channel with a 12 µL volume. The microfluidic chip was fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane, had a size of 1.7 cm × 1.7 cm × 0.6 cm, and was bonded to a glass substrate. A hydrophilic aluminum oxide ceramic with approximately 37 Vol.-% porosity and an average pore size of 1 µm was integrated at the inlet. Soil water was extracted successfully from three types of soil—silt, garden soil, and sand—by creating suction with a pump at the other end of the microfluidic channel. For garden soil, the extraction rate at approximately 15 Vol.-% soil moisture was 1.4 µL/min. The amount of extracted water was investigated for 30 min pump intervals for the three soil types at different moisture levels. For garden soil and sand, water extraction started at around 10 Vol.-% soil moisture. Silt showed the highest water-holding capacity, with water extraction starting at approximately 13 Vol.-%.
A conserved fertilization complex of Izumo1, Spaca6, and Tmem81 mediates sperm-egg interaction in vertebrates (2023)

ABSTRACT Fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg, is essential for sexual reproduction. While several proteins have been demonstrated to be essential for the binding and fusion of gametes in vertebrates, the molecular mechanisms driving this key process are poorly understood. Here, we performed a protein interaction screen using AlphaFold-Multimer to uncover protein-protein interactions in fertilization. This screen resulted in the prediction of a trimeric complex composed of the essential fertilization factors Izumo1 and Spaca6, and Tmem81, a protein previously not implicated in fertilization. We show that Tmem81 is a conserved, testis-expressed transmembrane protein that is evolutionarily related to Izumo1 and Spaca6 and is essential for male fertility in fish and mice. Consistent with trimer formation in vivo , zebrafish izumo1 -/- , spaca6 -/- , and tmem81 -/- mutants exhibit the same sperm-egg binding defect and show co-depletion of all three proteins in sperm. Moreover, we provide experimental evidence that Izumo1, Spaca6, and Tmem81 interact in zebrafish sperm. Strikingly, the Izumo1-Spaca6 interaction is predicted to form a cleft that serves as a binding site for Bouncer, the only identified egg protein essential for fertilization in zebrafish. Together, these results provide compelling evidence for a conserved sperm factor complex in vertebrates that forms a specific interface for the sperm-egg interaction required for successful fertilization.
O4‐05‐03: TAU PATHOLOGY REDUCTION WITH SM07883, A NOVEL, POTENT, AND SELECTIVE ORAL DYRK1A INHIBITOR: A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2018)

Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase-1A (DYRK1a) overexpression in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is correlated to Tau hyperphosphorylation, formation of oligomers, and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation. This study assessed the potential of SM07883, an oral DYRK1a inhibitor, to inhibit Tau hyperphosphorylation, aggregation, NFT formation, and associated functional phenotypes, in mouse models. Glial activation was also analyzed to assess potential impact on neuroinflammation. SM07883 selectivity and potency was evaluated in kinase panels and Tau phosphorylation (pTau) was measured in cell-based assays. SM07883 pharmacodynamics were measured in wild type (WT) mice. To assess long-term efficacy, pTau, oligomeric and aggregated Tau were biochemically quantified in brain stems and spinal cords from ten-month-old JNPL3 mice (P301L human Tau overexpression mutation) treated with SM07883 or vehicle (3mg/kg, QD, 3 months). NFT-containing cells were detected and quantified by immunostaining. Astrocyte activation was assessed using glial fibrillary associated protein (GFAP) staining with Western Blot quantification. Motor coordination was evaluated biweekly using a wire hanging test. SM07883 selectively and potently inhibited DYRK1a kinase activity (IC50 = 2nM). In cells, SM07883 reduced pTau at the Threonine 212 site (EC50 = 16nM). In pharmacokinetic studies, SM07883 demonstrated good exposure across multiple species (mouse brain : plasma ratio > 3). Compared to vehicle, WT mice showed a dose dependent reduction of transiently induced brain pTau in a pharmacodynamic model starting with a single, 1.25mg/kg SM07883 dose (47%, p=0.0002). JNPL3 mice treated with SM07883 demonstrated significant (p<0.05) reductions in Tau hyperphosphorylation, oligomeric and aggregated Tau, and significantly lower NFT staining compared to vehicle. Reduced GFAP immunoreactivity was confirmed by Western Blotting (37%, p=0.0010). SM07883 was well tolerated with weight gain over the 3 month treatment period and reduced morbidity and mortality in treated animals compared to vehicle. Motor function in the wire hanging test was significantly improved in SM07883-treated JNPL3 mice compared to vehicle (p=0.034) starting 5 weeks after treatment initiation. SM07883, a selective and potent, oral, brain-penetrant, DYRK1a inhibitor significantly reduced Tau phosphorylation, the effects of pathological Tau overexpression, and neuroinflammation, and improved functional endpoints compared to vehicle. SM07883 has potential as a treatment for chronic tauopathies such as AD.
Computational Studies of Strain Exposures in Neonate and Mature Rat Brains during Closed Head Impact (2006)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death in childhood, and the majority of fatal cases are due to motor vehicle accidents, falls, sport-related accidents, and child abuse. Rodents and particularly rats became a commonly used animal model of TBI in childhood as well as in adults, and different techniques are described in the literature to induce the brain injury. However, findings reported in the last decade regarding the increased stiffness of brain tissue in young animals, including rats, are not considered in experimental designs of TBI studies, and this may seriously bias the results when TBI effects are compared across different animal ages. In this study, we determined the strain and stress distributions in neonatal (post-natal-day [PND] 13-17) and mature (PND 43 and 90) rat brains during a closed head injury, using age-specific finite element (FE) models. The FE simulations indicated that for identical cortical displacements, the neonatal brain may be exposed to larger peak stress magnitudes compared with a mature brain due to stiffer tissue properties in the neonate, as well as larger strain magnitudes due to its smaller size. The brain volume subjected to a certain strain level was greater in the neonate brain compared with the adult models for all indentation depths greater than 1 mm. In conclusion, our present findings allow better design of closed head impact experiments which involve an age factor. Additionally, the larger peak stresses and larger strain volumetric exposures observed in the neonatal brain support the hypothesis that the smaller size and stiffer tissue of the infant brain makes it more susceptible to TBI.
Monoclonal antibody immunocytochemistry: novel method extending usefulness of monoclonal antibodies for antigen visualization. (1986)

We describe a novel procedure combining the multiple-site reactivity of polyclonal antibodies with the defined single epitope-specificity of monoclonal antibodies. The method is based on previous findings that IgG molecules often only react with tissue-bound antigens with one of their two antigen-combining sites; thus, the remaining site is free to bind subsequently added antigen. In the procedure devised, such (undenatured) antigen is subsequently detected by a specific monoclonal antibody and the reaction is finally revealed by immunogold-silver staining. Antibody subpopulations to contaminating antigens may well be present in the polyclonal antiserum and may well bind first to tissue and then to the corresponding contaminants in the crude antigen preparation applied as second layer. Such contaminants will, however, not react with the monoclonal antibody and will therefore not be immunocytochemically detected. The method has been evaluated with one antigen which cannot be detected by monoclonal antibodies in paraffin sections (glial fibrillar acidic protein) and with another antigen (human chorionic gonadotropin) which can only be detected by the monoclonal antibody when occurring in high concentrations. In both cases the procedure resulted in strong specific staining of the antigens with no background.
Janáček's ‘Lost’ Kreutzer Sonata (1987)

On 18 July 1896 the 41-year-old Leoš Janáček left his native village of Hukvaldy in north-eastern Moravia to visit Russia. At the end of the first day of travelling he noted in his copy of František Vymazal's Rusky v devíli úlohách (Russian in Nine Lessons ; Telč, 1896): 12. hod. v noci Granica . Konečně cítím stát slovanský! … Jací šohaji, čistí, úhlední, úslužní, způsobní při dráze. S úzkostí jel jsem Haličí. A ted' mi tak veselo: probuzení, vykříšení! Otroctví setřásám. Vyjíždíme - Rusko! (12 o'clock at night Granilsa . At last I can sense what it feels like to be in a Slav state! … These railwaymen are such fine lads' clean, tidy, obliging, polite. As I travelled across Galicia I was full of anxiety. Now I am light-hearted: awakening, resurrection! I shake off slavery Off we go - Russia!)
LTE-Advanced: The path towards gigabit/s in wireless mobile communications (2009)

This paper addresses the performance targets and the technology components being studied by 3GPP for LTE-Advanced. LTE-advanced is the next major step in the evolution of UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) release 8, currently being finalized by 3GPP. The high level targets of LTE-Advanced are to meet or exceed the IMT-advanced requirements set by ITU-R and furthermore, meet any additional operator requirements. This for instance includes the target of supporting more than one gigabit/s data rates, higher cell throughput and lower cost per bit. The technology components being identified as part of the LTE-Advanced Study Item include component carrier aggregation to enable up to 100 MHz bandwidth, advanced MIMO options up to 8times8 in DL and 4times4 in UL, coordinated multiple point transmission and reception (CoMP), relay nodes (RN) and autonomous component carrier selection (ACCS) for uncoordinated femto cell deployment.
External evaluation of the prediction equation for milk fat yield by the 2021 NASEM dairy model using data from eastern Canadian dairy herds (2023)

In 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) issued an equation to predict milk fat yield using dairy cow characteristics and diet composition as input variables. This model was evaluated externally using a data set composed of 541 feed and production records obtained from 23 eastern Canadian dairy herds. The use of the developed equation requires the prediction of dry matter intake. Cow intake used in the model assessment has been obtained by NASEM equations based on (1) animal factors, or (2) a combination of feed composition and animal factors. The prediction of milk fat yield was shown to be accurate. The best prediction was obtained using intake estimated based solely on animal factors (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.68).
Arthroscopic management of refractory shoulder stiffness (1997)

Glenohumeral stiffness is a major cause of shoulder disability and pain. Conventional management strategies often fail to yield consistent or prompt return of comfort and function. Over the past 5 years, we have employed a prospective approach to the evaluation and management of glenohumeral stiffness using arthroscopic release of capsular contractures for the most refractory. This report concerns the first 30 patients who failed at least 6 months (28 month mean) of nonoperative management for unilateral refractory shoulder stiffness and who were managed by arthroscopic capsular release. Fourteen patients were diabetic. Follow-up averaged 33 months (range 12 to 56 months). Each patients' motion and strength was documented according to the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons standard examination. Functional outcome measures were patient-assessed using the Simple Shoulder test before and after surgery. Before surgery, active range-of-motion of the affected shoulder average 41% of the opposite asymptomatic side. The day after surgery, motion had improved dramatically to a mean of 78%. An additional 15% of motion was gained after discharge from the hospital. The final motion averaged 93% of the opposite side. All Simple Shoulder Test (SST) parameters and six of nine SF-36 health status scores were improved significantly. Only 6% of patients were able to sleep comfortably on their side and 35% could place 1 lb. on a shelf at shoulder height before surgery. After surgery, 73% were able to sleep comfortably on the affected side and 83% were able to place 1 lb. on a shelf at shoulder height. There were no differences among all outcome measures between diabetic or nondiabetic patients. Three patients developed recurrent refractory stiffness. The only complication was a single axillary neuropraxia which resolved spontaneously. No patient developed instability. Arthroscopic capsular release can be a safe and effective tool in the management of refractory shoulder stiffness.
A Language Agnostic Multilingual Streaming On-Device ASR System (2022)

On-device end-to-end (E2E) models have shown improvements over a conventional model on English Voice Search tasks in both quality and latency.E2E models have also shown promising results for multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR).In this paper, we extend our previous capacity solution to streaming applications and present a streaming multilingual E2E ASR system that runs fully on device with comparable quality and latency to individual monolingual models.To achieve that, we propose an Encoder Endpointer model and an End-of-Utterance (EOU) Joint Layer for a better quality and latency trade-off.Our system is built in a language agnostic manner allowing it to natively support intersentential code switching in real time.To address the feasibility concerns on large models, we conducted on-device profiling and replaced the time consuming LSTM decoder with the recently developed Embedding decoder.With these changes, we managed to run such a system on a mobile device in less than real time.
Crack shape sensitivity by the adjoint variable method using a boundary-only formula (2002)

No abstract provided
Antioxidant generation and regeneration in lipid bilayers: the amazing case of lipophilic thiosulfinates and hydrophilic thiols (2013)

We demonstrate that the garlic-derived chemopreventive agent allicin and the related anamu-derived petivericin are poor radical-trapping antioxidants in lipid bilayers, but that the in situ reaction of a lipophilic analog and a hydrophilic thiol yields an extremely potent radical-trapping antioxidant that can be recycled in the presence of excess thiol.
Safety and Efficacy of Vardenafil for the Treatment of Men With Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy (2003)

In men with severe ED after nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy, vardenafil significantly improved key indices of erectile function.
Robust Non-Linear <i>H</i><sub>∞</sub>/Adaptive Control of Robot Manipulator Motion (1994)

In robotics, despite considerable effort to minimize system modelling errors, uncertainties are always present and sometimes significant. In this paper, modelling errors are first represented by a class of bounded disturbances in the input channels (torques) of the robot. A measure of the robot system's ability to reject these disturbances is formulated in an L 2 gain sense and a control design is subsequently proposed to achieve optimal disturbance rejection. If more detailed information is available on the plant-model mismatch, then the control design can be modified to incorporate an adaptive scheme (with explicit parameter updating laws) in order to reduce the conservativeness of the original design and to improve robust performance of the overall system.
Treatment of refractory chronic Lyme arthritis with arthroscopic synovectomy (1991)

Of 20 patients who underwent arthroscopic synovectomy for refractory chronic Lyme arthritis of the knee, 16 (80%) had resolution of joint inflammation during the first month after surgery or soon thereafter, and they have remained well during the 3-8-year followup period. Three of these 16 patients who were more disabled preoperatively, still had mild functional limitation at long-term followup. The remaining 4 patients (20%) had persistent or recurrent synovitis. We conclude that arthroscopic synovectomy is effective in treating chronic Lyme arthritis in patients in whom the disease does not respond to antibiotic therapy.
Effect of dietary inorganic sulfur level on growth performance, fecal composition, and measures of inflammation and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the intestine of growing pigs1 (2010)

Two experiments investigated the impact of dietary inorganic S on growth performance, intestinal inflammation, fecal composition, and the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In Exp. 1, individually housed pigs (n = 42; 13.8 kg) were fed diets containing 2,300 or 2,100 mg/kg of S for 24 d. Decreasing dietary S had no effect on ADG, ADFI, or G:F. In Exp. 2, pigs (n = 64; 13.3 kg) were fed diets containing 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0% CaSO(4), thereby increasing dietary S from 2,900 to 12,100 mg/kg. Two additional diets were fed to confirm the lack of an impact due to feeding low dietary S on pig performance and to determine if the increased Ca and P content in the diets containing CaSO(4) had an impact on growth performance. Pigs were fed for 35 d. Ileal tissue, ileal mucosa, and colon tissue were harvested from pigs fed the 0 and 5% CaSO(4) diets (low-S and high-S, respectively) to determine the impact of dietary S on inflammation-related mRNA, activity of mucosal alkaline phosphatase and sucrase, and pathways of inflammatory activation. Real-time PCR was used to quantify SRB in ileal and colon digesta samples and feces. Fecal pH, sulfide, and ammonia concentrations were also determined. There was no impact on growth performance in pigs fed the diet reduced in dietary S or by the increase of dietary Ca and P. Increasing dietary S from 2,900 to 12,100 mg/kg had a linear (P < 0.01) effect on ADG and a cubic effect (P < 0.05) on ADFI and G:F. Real-time reverse-transcription PCR analysis revealed that pigs fed high-S increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 mRNA, and tended (P = 0.09) to increase the relative abundance of IL-6 mRNA in ileal tissue. Likewise, pigs fed high-S had reduced (P < 0.05) abundance of nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-α and increased (P < 0.05) phospho-p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in ileal tissue, but there was no effect of dietary S on mucosal alkaline phosphatase or sucrase activity. Pigs fed the high-S diet had decreased (P < 0.05) total bacteria in ileal digesta, but increased (P < 0.05) prevalence of SRB in colon contents. Fecal sulfide was increased (P < 0.05) and fecal pH was deceased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed high-S. The data indicate that growing pigs can tolerate relatively high amounts of dietary inorganic S, but high dietary S content alters inflammatory mediators and intestinal bacteria.
HIF-1a Expression and Implication in the Resistance Regulation and Malignancy in Pediatric Lymphomas Non-Hodgkin’s Tissue Arrays (2008)

Abstract The Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are one of the most common of pediatric tumor, represent a group of curable tumors whose therapeutically success depends mainly in an early diagnosis, a combined therapy and a correct stratification according to prognosis factors. Several molecules have been reported as prognosis factors in cancer. However, some patients become refractory to such treatments. Alternative treatment modalities include immunotherapy, though, even in the presence of an effective anti-tumor response, the tumor develops mechanisms of resistance to apoptotic stimuli and cross-resistance to immune-mediated cytotoxicity. The transcription factor HIF-1 a (Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a) has been associated to the expression of different genes related to cancer (e.g SDF-1 and VEGF) and is considered as a prognostic factor in several types of cancers such as: leukemia, oropharyngeal cancer, neck cancer and ovarian carcinoma among others. However until now there is no clear evidence that the expression of HIF-1a is involve in the pathogenesis of pediatric Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Hence, we hypothesized that one mechanism of pediatric Non-Hodgkin lymphomas immune escape may be due to overexpression of HIF-1a and VEGF. This hypothesis was tested using Tissue Microarrays (TMA) of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections of 70 untreated pediatric patients with different Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, obtained from the Children’s Mexican Hospital, Federico Gomez (Mexico, City). Cases included since 2000 to 2006, tumors were classified as: Burkitt lymphoma (BL, 19 cases), large B cell lymphoma (LBCL, 6 cases), lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL, 13 cases), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL, 12 cases), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL, 10 cases), and other type of lymphomas (10 cases). Staining by immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression levels of HIF-1a. The immunostaining was scored and both the percent of positive cells and the intensity were recorded and the data were analyzed statistically. Preliminary analyses show a very high cytoplasm and nuclear overexpression of HIF-1a in tumor tissue compared with the control (non tumor tissue or reactive hyperplasia). Quantitative analysis of HIF-1a expression among the different tumor tissue show a significant statistical difference (p=0.0124, ANOVA), results of Tukey analysis for reactive hyperplasia (RH) and tumor tissue were: RH vs LL p = 0.0001, RH vs LBCL p = 0.0148, RH vs ALCL p &amp;lt; 0.04, RH vs BL p = 0.001, RH vs others p= 0.001. These studies suggest that overexpression of HIF-1 a may be involved in the pathogenesis of some pediatric Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (LL, LCGB, LCGA and BL) and is potential biomarker. Furthermore, inhibitors of HIF-1 a expression/activity may be targets for therapeutic intervention when combined with immunotherapy.