gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Coordination of Damping Controllers for Enhanced Power System Stability (2020)

This paper introduces the concept of adaptive coordination of damping controllers for enhancing power system stability. The coordination uses phasor measurement units (PMUs) to adapt to different disturbances by selecting the switching status (on/off) of damping controllers that minimizes an energy-based dynamic performance measure. This dynamic performance measure, referred to as total action (TA), uses a physical interpretation of excited modes rather than fixed targeted modes as in the traditional damping control design. The coordination is formulated as a binary integer programming problem, which is solved by using the total action sensitivity (TAS). The concept of oscillation energy and the implementation of the adaptive coordination scheme is tested in the western North America power system (wNAPS). The results show that the proposed adaptive control scheme can improve oscillation damping for different short-circuit locations even in the presence of large communication delays.
Limiting Performance of Helmets for the Prevention of Head Injury (1999)

This is a study of the theoretical optimal (limiting) performance of helmets for the prevention of head injury. A rigid head injury model and a two‐mass translational head injury model are employed. Several head injury criteria are utilized, including head acceleration, the head injury criterion (HIC), the energy imparted to the brain which is related to brain injury, and the power developed in the skull that is associated with skull fracture. A helmeted head hitting a rigid surface and a helmeted head hit by a moving object such as a ball are considered. The optimal characteristics of helmets and the impact responses of the helmeted head are investigated computationally. An experiment is conducted on an ensemble of bicycle helmets. Computational results are compared with the experimental results.
Development Of Heterogeneous Parallel Genetic Simulated Annealing Using Multi-Niche Crowding (2007)

In this paper, a new hybrid of genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA), referred to as GSA, is presented. In this algorithm, SA is incorporated into GA to escape from local optima. The concept of hierarchical parallel GA is employed to parallelize GSA for the optimization of multimodal functions. In addition, multi-niche crowding is used to maintain the diversity in the population of the parallel GSA (PGSA). The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated against a standard set of multimodal benchmark functions. The multi-niche crowding PGSA and normal PGSA show some remarkable improvement in comparison with the conventional parallel genetic algorithm and the breeder genetic algorithm (BGA).
Crystal field analysis of Dy and Tm implanted silicon for photonic and quantum technologies (2014)

We report the lattice site and symmetry of optically active Dy<sup>3+</sup> and Tm<sup>3+</sup> implanted Si. Local symmetry was determined by fitting crystal field parameters (CFPs), corresponding to various common symmetries, to the ground state splitting determined by photoluminescence measurements. These CFP values were then used to calculate the splitting of every J manifold. We find that both Dy and Tm ions are in a Si substitution site with local tetragonal symmetry. Knowledge of rare-earth ion symmetry is important in maximising the number of optically active centres and for quantum technology applications where local symmetry can be used to control decoherence.
Technical Optimization of RhD Zygosity Determination by Real‐Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (2001)

We have recently reported the development of a multiplex, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for RhD zygosity determination based on the coamplification and quantification of RHD-specific sequences in relation to a reference gene, albumin. This paper discusses the optimization procedure and technical parameters of this multiplex assay.
Letrozole Suppresses Plasma Estradiol and Estrone Sulphate More Completely Than Anastrozole in Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer (2008)

Letrozole reduces plasma E2 and E1S levels to a significantly greater extent than anastrozole in postmenopausal women taking AIs as part of their adjuvant therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Empiricism and Rationalism: Two Paths toward the Same Goal (2004)

Keywords: Empiricism ; Goals ; Models, Biological Reference LNDC-REVIEW-2004-001View record in PubMed Record created on 2010-01-08, modified on 2017-05-12
COMPARISON OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, AND RADIOGRAPHY FOR ASSESSMENT OF NONCARTILAGINOUS CHANGES IN EQUINE METACARPOPHALANGEAL OSTEOARTHRITIS (2010)

We compared the ability of 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and computed radiography (CR) to evaluate noncartilaginous structures of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), and the association of imaging changes with gross cartilage damage in the context of osteoarthritis. Four CR projections, helical single-slice CT, and MRI (Ti-weighted gradient recalled echo [GRE], T2*-weighted GRE with fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition [FIESTA], T2-weighted fast spin echo with fat saturation, and spoiled gradient recalled echo with fat saturation ISPGR-FS]) were performed on 20 racehorse cadaver forelimbs. Osteophytosis, synovial effusion, subchondral bone lysis and sclerosis, supracondylar lysis, joint fragments, bone marrow lesions, and collateral desmopathy were assessed with each modality. Interexaminer agreement was inferior to intraexaminer agreement and was generally moderate (i.e., 0.4 < kappa < 0.6). Subchondral bone sclerosis scores using CT or MRI were correlated significantly with the reference quantitative CT technique used to assess bone mineral density (P < 0.0001). Scores for subchondral lysis and osteophytosis were higher with MRI or CT vs. CR (P < 0.0001). Although differences between modalities were noted, osteophytosis, subchondral sclerosis, and lysis as well as synovial effusion were all associated with the degree of cartilage damage and should be further evaluated as potential criteria to be included in a whole-organ scoring system. This study highlights the capacity of MRI to evaluate noncartilaginous changes in the osteoarthritic equine MCP joint.
DynamicSpotter (2015)

Performance problems in enterprise software applications can have a significant effect on the customer's satisfaction. Detecting software performance problems and diagnosing their root causes in the testing phase as part of software development is of great importance in order to prevent unexpected performance behaviour of the software during operation. DynamicSpotter is a framework for experiment-based diagnosis of performance problems allowing to detect performance problems and their root causes fully automatically. Providing different kind of extension points, DynamicSpotter allows for utilizing external measurement tools for the execution of performance tests. Building upon an extensible knowledge base, DynamicSpotter provides means to extend the diagnostic capabilities with respect to detection of additional types of performance problems.
Towards Differential Relational Privacy and its use in Question Answering (2022)

Memorization of the relation between entities in a dataset can lead to privacy issues when using a trained model for question answering. We introduce Relational Memorization (RM) to understand, quantify and control this phenomenon. While bounding general memorization can have detrimental effects on the performance of a trained model, bounding RM does not prevent effective learning. The difference is most pronounced when the data distribution is long-tailed, with many queries having only few training examples: Impeding general memorization prevents effective learning, while impeding only relational memorization still allows learning general properties of the underlying concepts. We formalize the notion of Relational Privacy (RP) and, inspired by Differential Privacy (DP), we provide a possible definition of Differential Relational Privacy (DrP). These notions can be used to describe and compute bounds on the amount of RM in a trained model. We illustrate Relational Privacy concepts in experiments with large-scale models for Question Answering.
Lentiviral interleukin-10 gene therapy preserves fine motor circuitry and function after a cervical spinal cord injury in male and female mice (2020)

Abstract In mammals, spinal cord injuries often result in muscle paralysis through the apoptosis of lower motor neurons and denervation of neuromuscular junctions. Previous research shows that the inflammatory response to a spinal cord injury can cause additional tissue damage after the initial trauma. To modulate this inflammatory response, we delivered lentiviral anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, via loading onto an implantable biomaterial scaffold, into a left-sided hemisection at the C5 vertebra in mice. We hypothesized that improved behavioral outcomes associated with anti-inflammatory treatment are due to the sparing of fine motor circuit components. We examined behavioral recovery using a ladder beam, lower motor neuron apoptosis and muscle innervation using histology, and electromyogram recordings using intraspinal optogenetic stimulation at 2 weeks post-injury. Ladder beam analysis shows interleukin-10 treatment results in significant improvement of behavioral recovery at 2 and 12 weeks post-injury when compared to mice treated with a control virus. Histology shows interleukin-10 results in greater numbers of lower motor neurons and muscle innervation at 2 weeks post-injury. Furthermore, electromyogram recordings suggest that interleukin-10-treated animals have signal-to-noise ratios and peak-to-peak amplitudes more similar to that of uninjured controls than to that of control injured animals at 2 weeks post-injury. These data show that gene therapy using anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 can significantly reduce lower motor neuron loss, muscle denervation, and subsequent motor deficits after a spinal cord injury. Together, these results suggest that early modulation of the injury response can preserve muscle function with long-lasting benefits.
Visualizing adverse events in clinical trials using correspondence analysis with R-package visae (2021)

CA with contribution biplot is an effective tool that can be used to summarize AE data in a two-dimensional display while minimizing the loss of information and interpretation.
Interactive learning in human-robot collaboration (2004)

In this paper, we investigated interactive learning between human subjects and robot experimentally, and its essential characteristics are examined using the dynamical systems approach. Our research concentrated on the navigation system of a specially developed humanoid robot called Robovie and seven human subjects whose eyes were covered, making them dependent on the robot for directions. We compared the usual feed-forward neural network (FFNN) without recursive connections and the recurrent neural network (RNN). Although the performances obtained with both the RNN and the FFNN improved in the early stages of learning, as the subject changed the operation by learning on its own, all performances gradually became unstable and failed. Results of a questionnaire given to the subjects confirmed that the FFNN gives better mental impressions, especially from the aspect of operability. When the robot used a consolidation-learning algorithm using the rehearsal outputs of the RNN, the performance improved even when interactive learning continued for a long time. The questionnaire results then also confirmed that the subject's mental impressions of the RNN improved significantly. The dynamical systems analysis of RNNs supports these differences.
Microstructural Investigation of M2 High Speed Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting: Microstructural Investigation of M2 High Speed Steel (2012)

In SLM, a high energy density is applied by a laser to locally melt layers of metallic powder particles in order to create functional parts. This high energy intensity and additive process character create a specific/unique microstructure. The solidified melt pools in HSS M2 SLM parts are observed to consist of two distinct zones next to the heat affected zone. The first zone, at the bottom of the melt pool, consists of very fine cells and columnar dendrites and has a hardness of 655±80Hv0.1. The other zone contains acicular martensite and has a hardness of 859±80Hv0.1 which is already similar to the hardness of conventionally produced and heat treated HSS M2. Furthermore, the relative amount of these two zones is observed to be dependent on the scan velocity of the laser and hence can be controlled during the SLM process.
Simple Preparation of α-Diazo Esters (2005)

[reaction: see text] The TiCl4-mediated reaction of an ester with benzoyl chloride results in high yields of the alpha-benzoylated ester. Diazo transfer of the benzoylated ester utilizing p-acetoamidobenzenesulfonyl azide affords the alpha-diazo ester in good yield. Using this simplified procedure, it is easy to prepare gram quantities of alpha-diazo esters.
A Highly Sensitive Capacitive Touch Sensor Integrated on a Thin-Film-Encapsulated Active-Matrix OLED for Ultrathin Displays (2011)

This paper presents ultrathin and highly sensitive input/output devices consisting of a capacitive touch sensor (Cap-TSP) integrated on thin-film-encapsulated active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The optimal structure of the electrically noise-free capacitive touch sensor, which is assembled on a thin-film-encapsulated active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) display, is obtained by investigating the internal electrical field distribution and capacitance change based on the Q3D Extractor model. Electrostatic simulations have verified malfunction-free electrical signals for 4-in diagonal-sized capacitive touch sensors on AMOLEDs possessing a 100- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> -thick optically clear adhesive (OCA, <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\varepsilon_{r} = \hbox{1.4}$</tex></formula> ) layer. The prototype OLED platform using the capacitive touch sensors exhibits an overall thickness of 1.2 mm, which is the lowest thickness for commercially available OLED platforms.
Mechanistic Studies of the Folding of Human Lysozyme and the Origin of Amyloidogenic Behavior in Its Disease-Related Variants (1999)

The unfolding and refolding properties of human lysozyme and two amyloidogenic variants (Ile56Thr and Asp67His) have been studied by stopped-flow fluorescence and hydrogen exchange pulse labeling coupled with mass spectrometry. The unfolding of each protein in 5.4 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) is well described as a two-state process, but the rates of unfolding of the Ile56Thr variant and the Asp67His variant in 5.4 M GuHCl are ca. 30 and 160 times greater, respectively, than that of the wild type. The refolding of all three proteins in 0.54 M GuHCl at pH 5.0 proceeds through persistent intermediates, revealed by multistep kinetics in fluorescence experiments and by the detection of well-defined populations in quenched-flow hydrogen exchange experiments. These findings are consistent with a predominant mechanism for refolding of human lysozyme in which one of the structural domains (the alpha-domain) is formed in two distinct steps and is followed by the folding of the other domain (the beta-domain) prior to the assembly of the two domains to form the native structure. The refolding kinetics of the Asp67His variant are closely similar to those of the wild-type protein, consistent with the location of this mutation in an outer loop of the beta-domain which gains native structure only toward the end of the refolding process. By contrast, the Ile56Thr mutation is located at the base of the beta-domain and is involved in the domain interface. The refolding of the alpha-domain is unaffected by this substitution, but the latter has the effect of dramatically slowing the folding of the beta-domain and the final assembly of the native structure. These studies suggest that the amyloidogenic nature of the lysozyme variants arises from a decrease in the stability of the native fold relative to partially folded intermediates. The origin of this instability is different in the two variants, being caused in one case primarily by a reduction in the folding rate and in the other by an increase in the unfolding rate. In both cases this results in a low population of soluble partially folded species that can aggregate in a slow and controlled manner to form amyloid fibrils.
Contribution of Glutathione and Metallothioneins to Protection against Copper Toxicity and Redox Cycling:  Quantitative Analysis Using MT+/+ and MT−/− Mouse Lung Fibroblast Cells (2002)

Glutathione (GSH) and metallothioneins (MT) are believed to play important roles in protecting cells against high copper (Cu) concentrations. Little is known, however, about their specific intracellular interactions and the coordination of protective functions. We investigated contributions of GSH and MT to protection against Cu toxicity in fibroblasts derived from wild-type (MT+/+) and knockout (MT-/-) mice that were challenged with cupric nitrilotriacetate (Cu-NTA). Endogenous levels of GSH and MT were manipulated using an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 5 microM), as GSH depletor and ZnCl(2) (100 microM) as inducer of MT expression. BSO pretreatment markedly decreased cellular GSH levels in MT+/+ and MT-/- cells, by 65% and 70%, respectively, which resulted in Cu cytotoxicity accompanied by its elevated redox-cycling activity and enhanced Cu-induced membrane phospholipid peroxidation. BSO-pretreated MT-/- cells were markedly more sensitive to Cu despite the fact that the residual levels of GSH were similar in both BSO-pretreated MT+/+ and MT-/- cells. Zn pretreatment resulted in more than 10-fold induction of MT in MT+/+ cells but not in MT-/- cells. Accordingly, Zn pretreatment afforded significant protection of MT+/+ cells against Cu cytotoxicity, likely associated with MT-dependent suppression of Cu redox-cycling activity and phospholipid peroxidation, but it exerted no protection in MT-/- cells (as compared to naive cells). To determine whether MT functions specifically in Cu regulation or rather acts as a nonspecific Cu-binding cysteine-rich nucleophile, experiments were performed using MT+/+ and MT-/- cells pretreated with both BSO and Zn. BSO pretreatment did not affect Zn-induced MT expression in MT+/+ cells. As compared with BSO pretreatment alone, exposure to Cu of MT+/+ cells after Zn/BSO pretreatment resulted in the following: (i) a significantly higher viability; (ii) attenuated Cu-dependent redox-cycling activity; and (iii) a lower level of phospholipid peroxidation. In BSO/Zn-pretreated MT-/- cells, the redox-cycling activity of Cu and the level of phospholipid peroxidation remained remarkably higher than in naive cells and were not significantly different from those in cells pretreated with BSO alone. Cu-induced toxicity was remarkably higher in BSO/Zn-pretreated MT-/- cells than in naive or Zn-pretreated cells, although slightly lower than in the MT-/- cells pretreated with BSO alone.
Compliant pin chuck for minimizing the effect of backside particles on wafer planarity (2004)

A wafer chuck referred to as the compliant pin chuck (CPC) that can minimize the nonplanarity effect of backside particles on semiconductor wafers is presented in this article. The demand for flatter semiconductor substrates has been increasing as the size of the features that can be transferred onto a wafer surface becomes smaller. There are a number of factors affecting wafer planarity, most of which can be corrected by conventional wafer chucks. However, the problem of backside particles (particles affect a large portion of wafer real estate by causing out-of-plane distortion when they get lodged between a wafer and a wafer chuck) has not been adequately addressed by the current wafer chuck technology. The compliant pin chuck was designed to address this concern and fabricated from silicon using lithography based microfabrication techniques. The chuck consists of an array of microflexure mechanisms that react to the presence of backside particles so as to minimize the nonplanarity caused otherwise. It is also shown through experimental results that the fabricated chuck has a planarity of 120nm (standard deviation −3σ) over an area of 30mm×30mm and is less sensitive to backside particles than a conventional wafer chuck.
Big Data - Smart Health Strategies (2014)

The potential of big data in biomedicine has been pinpointed in various viewpoint papers and editorials. The review of current scientific literature illustrated a variety of interesting methods and applications in the field, but still the promises exceed the current outcomes. As we are getting closer towards a solid foundation with respect to common understanding of relevant concepts and technical aspects, and the use of standardized technologies and tools, we can anticipate to reach the potential that big data offer for personalized medicine and smart health strategies in the near future.
High-Spin Polycarbenes as a Model for Organic Ferromagnets (1985)

Abstract High-spin polycarbenes (1 and 2) have been designed by using the triplet diphenylcarbene molecule as a repeating unit. The corresponding polydiazo compounds were prepared and photolyzed in 2-methyltetra-hydrofuran matrices and in single crystals of a benzophenone host at cryogenic temperatures. The ESR fine structures and magnetic susceptibilities were measured and analyzed to show that the highest spin states were generated as the electronic ground state of the polycarbenes. Relevance of these results to organic ferromagnets is discussed.
Human–Computer Interaction and International Public Policymaking: A Framework for Understanding and Taking Future Actions (2016)

This monograph lays out a discussion framework for understanding the role of human-computer interaction (HCI) in public policymaking. It takes an international view, discussing potential areas for research and application and their potential for impact. The aim is to provide a solid foundation for discussion, cooperation and collaborative interaction, and to outline future programs of activity. It starts with an introduction to HCI and public policy and goes on to discuss how HCI research and practices already inform public policy, providing representative examples. It then discusses how public policy influences HCI and provides representative public policy areas that are relevant to HCI, and where HCI could have even more impact in the future. It concludes by laying out a framework for involvement and suggested actions by the HCI community in public policy internationally. This monograph summarizes the observations and recommendations from a daylong workshop at the CHI 2013 conference in Paris, France. The workshop invited the community’s perspectives regarding the intersection of governmental policies, international and domestic standards, recent HCI research discoveries, and emergent considerations and challenges. It also incorporates contributions made after the workshop by workshop participants and by individuals who were unable to participate in the workshop but whose work and interests were highly related and relevant.