gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective speckle reduction in laser projection displays (2008)

Two alternative methods for effectively reducing the speckle noise in laser based rear and front projection displays are studied and demonstrated. Firstly, widening of the laser emission spectrum to nearly 4nm by tailoring the structures of 640nm band AlGaInP/GaInP based edge emitting broad-area red laser diode arrays, realized a reduction of speckle contrast from 20% to an acceptable level of 5%. Designing the power/wavelength distribution of the multiple emitters to achieve a flat top profile for the total spectrum plays an important role in maximizing the speckle reduction effect. This approach could easily be adapted to laser diodes arrays of other materials or wavelengths. Secondly, relative oscillation movement within the screen layers can also reduce the speckle contrast to the acceptable level of 5%. The moving layer material and the oscillation period has been studied and optimized to maximize the reduction level for both rear and front projection configurations. The two speckle reduction techniques were evaluated on a front projector utilizing a red laser assisted UHP lamp hybrid light source, and showed significant enhancement in view ability by the suppression of speckle. Combining the two techniques lead to further reduction in speckle and scintillation noise to a supreme level of 2%, enabling a practical solution for wide color gamut and high efficiency laser projection displays.
Implementation of trot-to-gallop transition and subsequent gallop on the MIT Cheetah I (2016)

This paper presents a demonstration of the trot-to-gallop transition and subsequent stable gallop in a robotic quadruped. The MIT Cheetah I, a planar quadruped platform for high-speed running, achieves these tasks with a speed of 3.2 m/s (Froude number of 2.1) on a treadmill. The controller benefits from clues from biological findings and it incorporates (1) a gait pattern modulation that imposes predefined gait patterns with a proprioceptive touchdown feedback, (2) tunable equilibrium-point foot-end trajectories for four limbs that intentionally modulate ground reaction forces, and (3) programmable leg compliance that provides instantaneous reflexes to leg–ground interaction. An inertial measurement unit sensor is integrated with the controller in order to regulate leg angles of attack at touchdown. We reduce the dimension of the control parameters which describe temporal/spatial characteristics of quadruped locomotion, and the values are tuned via dynamic simulation and then experiment. Given a pre-defined virtual leg compliance and a desired angle of attack of legs, the equilibrium-point foot-end trajectories and phase relationships between four legs for stable trot and gallop gaits are found independently. We propose a simple throw-and-catch gait transition strategy which connects two stable limit cycles, the trot and the gallop, by linearly varying control parameters during the transition period. Successful gait transition is achieved in both simulation and experiment. Comprehensive analysis on the characteristics of the MIT Cheetah I experimental trot-to-gallop transition is provided. The phase portraits imply that stable limit cycles are achieved with the proposed controller in both trot and gallop, which enables the trot-to-gallop gait transition at high speed.
&lt;title&gt;Four-dimensional/RCS reference model architecture for unmanned ground vehicles&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

Four-dimensional/RCS is the reference model architecture currently being developed for the Demo III Experimental Unmanned Vehicle program. Four-dimensional/RCS integrates the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) RCS (Real-time Control System) with the German (Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen) VaMoRs 4-D approach to dynamic machine vision. The four-dimensional/RCS architecture consists of a hierarchy of computational nodes each of which contains behavior generation (BG), world modeling (WM), sensory processing (SP), and value judgement (VJ) processes. Each node also contains a knowledge database (KD) and an operator interface. These computational nodes are arranged such that the BG processes represent organizational units within a command and control hierarchy.
Libricount, A Dataset For Speaker Count Estimation (2018)

<strong>LibriCount10 0dB Dataset</strong> This is the description to the LibriCount10 synthetic dataset for speaker count estimation. Therefore for each recording we provide the ground truth number of speakers within the file name, where `k` in, `k_uniquefile.wav` is the maximum number of concurrent speakers with the 5 seconds of recording. The dataset contains a simulated cocktail party environment of [0..10] speakers, mixed with 0dB SNR from random utterances of different speakers from the LibriSpeech `CleanTest` dataset. All recordings are of 5s durations, and all speakers are active for the most part of the recording. For each unique recording, we provide the audio wave file (16bits, 16kHz, mono) and an annotation `json` file with the same name as the recording. <strong>Metadata</strong> In the annotation file we provide information about the speakers sex, their unique speaker_id, and vocal activity within the mixture recording in samples. Note that these were automatically generated using a voice activity detection system. In the following example the annotation shows a speaker count of 3 speakers as can be extracted from the number of elements in the list: <pre><code class="language-json">[ { "sex": "F", "activity": [[0, 51076], [51396, 55400], [56681, 80000]], "speaker_id": 1221 }, { "sex": "F", "activity": [[0, 51877], [56201, 80000]], "speaker_id": 3570 }, { "sex": "M", "activity": [[0, 15681], [16161, 68213], [73498, 80000]], "speaker_id": 5105 } ]</code></pre> <br>
Serine residues 1177/78/82 of the insulin receptor are required for substrate phosphorylation but not autophosphorylation. (2000)

Serine residues of the human insulin receptor (HIR) may be phosphorylated and negatively regulate the insulin signal. We studied the impact of 16 serine residues in HIR by mutation to alanine and co-overexpression in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells together with the docking proteins insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, or (SHC) Src homologous and collagen-like. As a control, IRS-1 was also cotransfected with an HIR with a juxtamembrane deletion (HIR delta JM) and therefore not containing the domain required for interaction with IRS-1. Coexpression of HIR with IRS-1, IRS-2, and SHC strongly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins. A similar increase in tyrosine phosphorylation was observed in cells overexpressing IRS-1, IRS-2, or SHC together with all HIR mutants except HIR delta JM and a mutant carrying exchanges of serines 1177, 1178, and 1182 to alanine (HIR1177/78/82), although this mutant showed normal autophosphorylation. Analysis of total cell lysates with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies showed that in addition to the overexpressed substrates, other cellular proteins displayed reduced levels of tyrosine phosphorylation in these cells. To study consequences for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activation, we established stable NIH3T3 fibroblast cell lines overexpressing wild-type HIR, HIR1177/78/82, and other HIR mutants as the control. Again, HIR1177/78/82 showed normal autophosphorylation but showed a clear decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous IRS-1 and activation of PI 3-kinase. This decrease in kinase activity also occurred in an in vitro kinase assay towards recombinant IRS-1. Finally, we performed a separation of the phosphopeptides by high-performance liquid chromatography and could not detect any differences in the profiles of HIR and HIR1177/78/82. In conclusion, we have defined a region in HIR that is important for substrate phosphorylation but not autophosphorylation. Therefore, this mutant may provide new insights into the mechanism of kinase activation and substrate phosphorylation.
Alternative secondary structures in the 5' exon affect both forward and reverse self-splicing of the Tetrahymena intervening sequence RNA (1991)

The natural splice junction of the Tetrahymena large ribosomal RNA is flanked by hairpins that are phylogenetically conserved. The stem immediately preceding the splice junction involves nucleotides that also base pair with the internal guide sequence of the intervening sequence during splicing. Thus, precursors which contain wild-type exons can form two alternative helices. We have constructed a series of RNAs where the stem-loop in the 5' exon is more or less stable than in the wild-type precursor, and tested them in both forward and reverse self-splicing reactions. The presence of a stable hairpin in ligated exon substrates interferes with the ability of the intervening sequence to integrate at the splice junction. Similarly, the presence of the wild-type hairpin in the 5' exon reduces the rate of splicing 20-fold in short precursors. The data are consistent with a competition between unproductive formation of a hairpin in the 5' exon and productive pairing of the 5' exon with the internal guide sequence. The reduction of splicing by a hairpin that is a normal feature of rRNA structure is surprising; we propose that this attenuation is relieved in the natural splicing environment.
Progressive perianal ulceration. Ergotism (ergotismus gangraenosus) (1992)

<h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A 21-year-old white man was seen because of a patch of alopecia on the vertex of his scalp. He had had acne during his adolescence; 2 years before he had undergone an incision of a "cyst" on his occiput. Scarring alopecia had ensued. Physical examination showed a nonscarring alopecic patch over a fluctuant nodule that was 2 cm across. Application of pressure disclosed numerous follicular openings draining pus. On his back were a number of comedones, furuncles, and old acneic scars. The nodule was incised and drained pus and bloody exudate. Erythromycin (1200 mg/d) was given, but in the following weeks two more nodules developed (Figs 1 and 2). A biopsy specimen was taken and revealed horny plugs in the infundibula of the hair follicles (Fig 3) and a polymorphous infiltrate around their deep portion (Fig 4). Routine laboratory test results were noncontributory. What is your
Taiwan Report on Quitline Activities (2016)

Aiming at reducing the smoking population, the Taiwan government adopted a successful smoking cessation quitline model from California Smokers' Helpline, commissioned a private non-profit organization-Teacher Chang Foundation, which was well-known for its quality telephone counseling service-to set up Asia's first quitline, Taiwan Smokers' Helpline (TSH) in 2003. The establishment of the quitline constituted significant progress for tobacco control in Taiwan, as it built up a cooperative model with smoking cessation clinics to increase the quit rate through assisting smokers to overcome their psychological obstacles encountered while attempting to quit smoking.
Neurobiology of withdrawal motivation: Evidence for two separate aversive effects produced in morphine-naive versus morphine-dependent rats by both naloxone and spontaneous withdrawal. (1995)

In drug-naive rats, the rewarding effects of morphine are blocked by lesions of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus (TPP), but not by neuroleptics. In dependent rats (chronically treated with morphine), morphine reward is blocked by neuroleptics, but not by TPP lesions. Just as this activation of opiate receptors in naive versus dependent rats produces different mechanisms of reward, this study concludes that reduced opioid activity on these opiate receptors produces different mechanisms of aversion. Neuroleptics blocked the conditioned place aversions produced by naloxone and spontaneous withdrawal in morphine dependent, but not naive, rats, without attenuating the somatic withdrawal syndrome induced by naloxone in dependent rats. The researchers suggest that the aversive effects of endogenous opioid withdrawal in naive rats are mediated by different neural substrates than the aversive effects of exogenous opioid withdrawal in dependent rats.
Optical Mode Converters Final Report CRADA No. TC-0838-94 (2017)

The information age was maturing, and photonics was emerging as a significant technology with important'national security and commercial implications at the time of the CRADA. This was largely due to the vast information carrying capacity of optical beams and the availability of cheap.and effective optical fiber waveguides to guide the light. However, a major limitation to the widespread deployment of photonic systems was the high-cost (in an economic and performance sense) associated with coupling optical power between optoelectronic waveguide devices or between a device and an optical fiber. The problem was critical in the case of single-mode waveguide devices. Mitigating these costs would be a significant and pervasive enabler of the technology for a wide variety of applications that would have crucial defense and economic impact. The partners worked together to develop optical mode size converters on silicon substrates. Silicon was chosen because of its compatibility with the required photolithographic and micromachining techniques. By choosing silicon, these techniques could enable the close coupling of high-speed, high density silicon electronic circuitry to efficient low-cost photonics. The efficient coupling of electronics and photonics technologies would be important for many information age technologies. The joint nature of this project was intended to allow HP to benefit from some unique LLNL capabilities, and LLNL would be in a position to learn from HP and enhance its value to fundamental DP missions. Although the CRADA began as a hardware development project to develop the mode converter, it evolved into a software development venture. LLNL and HP researchers examined literature, performed some preliminary calculations, and evaluated production trade-offs of several known techniques to determine the best candidates for an integrated system.
3812 Golf Shaft Development to be fitted to Individual Swing Performance using Numerical Simulations (2005)

In this paper, a technique for predicting flexural rigidity distribution of golf shaft to be fitted to individual swing performance using numerical simulations is proposed. Finite element analysis is applied to the calculation of the frequency analysis and clubhead speed simulation. In the technique combining DOE and RSM is selected. In the DOE technique, Latin Hypercube Sampling method is adopted. For the purpose of evaluating the method, the flexural rigidity distribution of the shaft which gives the fastest head speed is computed. The predicted club conditions agree well with experimental results. The new recommended shaft shows superior performance than regular shafts, thus support the usefulness of the method.
Targeting Ceramide Synthesis to Reverse Insulin Resistance (2010)

Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes, and the strong association between fat oversupply and defective insulin action in target tissues, especially skeletal muscle and liver, has motivated the search for intracellular lipid mediators that can interfere with insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. Two of the best-studied candidates are diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide (1–3), to the extent that the tissue levels of these intermediate species are now routinely measured in models of insulin resistance and in human studies. Correlative evidence for their roles has accumulated over the last 10–15 years, but unfortunately, there are now several conflicting reports concerning the relative importance of these molecules (4–7). To resolve this situation, it is necessary to go beyond descriptive studies in order to address causation and elucidate the mechanisms involved.

In the case of ceramide, the inhibitor myriocin is proving to be a useful tool. This fungal metabolite is a potent and specific blocker of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first enzyme in the pathway of de novo ceramide synthesis (8). By reducing the condensation of serine with palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketosphinganine (Fig. 1), the inhibitor is able to decrease ceramide synthesis without elevating intermediates such as sphinganine, which are upstream of ceramide formation and also have biological effects (9). Myriocin treatment of rats infused with different lipid cocktails for 6 h to induce insulin resistance in an acute fashion demonstrated that a reduction in ceramide accumulation in skeletal muscle could prevent defects in glucose disposal (10). Longer-term administration of the inhibitor was also able to improve glucose tolerance in genetically obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and fat-fed mice. Finally, this study also supported the conclusion, drawn from in vitro work (11), that saturated fatty acids contribute to ceramide accumulation, whereas unsaturated fatty acids induce …
Inertial Sensor Alignment with Human Arm Orientation for Humanoid User Interface (2007)

To develop the inertial motion capture system,&#13;\nthe alignment is necessary step to measure the orientation&#13;\nof human arm with inertial sensors. Also it takes long time.&#13;\nIn this paper, an efficient alignment method that is fast and&#13;\neasy to use is presented. This paper consists of two parts:&#13;\nthe first part is the sensor calibration; and the second part&#13;\nincludes an alignment method for the sensor with the arm&#13;\nsegment.
Superharmonic Ultrasound for Motion-Independent Localization Microscopy: Applications to Microvascular Imaging From Low to High Flow Rates (2020)

Recent advances in high frame rate biomedical ultrasound have led to the development of ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), a method of imaging microbubble (MB) contrast agents beyond the diffraction limit of conventional coherent imaging techniques. By localizing and tracking the positions of thousands of individual MBs, ultrahigh resolution vascular maps are generated which can be further analyzed to study disease. Isolating bubble echoes from tissue signal is a key requirement for super-resolution imaging which relies on the spatiotemporal separability and localization of the bubble signals. To date, this has been accomplished either during acquisition using contrast imaging sequences or post-beamforming by applying a spatiotemporal filter to the B-mode images. Superharmonic imaging (SHI) is another contrast imaging method that separates bubbles from tissue based on their strongly nonlinear acoustic properties. This approach is highly sensitive, and, unlike spatiotemporal filters, it does not require decorrelation of contrast agent signals. Since this superharmonic method does not rely on bubble velocity, it can detect completely stationary and moving bubbles alike. In this work, we apply SHI to ULM and demonstrate an average improvement in SNR of 10.3-dB in vitro when compared with the standard singular value decomposition filter approach and an increase in SNR at low flow ( [Formula: see text]/frame) from 5 to 16.5 dB. Additionally, we apply this method to imaging a rodent kidney in vivo and measure vessels as small as [Formula: see text] in diameter after motion correction.
New insights in molecular mechanisms involved in chronic kidney disease using high-resolution plasma proteome analysis (2015)

This study provides for the first time a comprehensive assessment of CKD plasma proteome, contributing to new knowledge and potential markers of CKD. These results will serve as a basis for future studies investigating the relevance of these molecules in CKD associated morbidity and mortality.
REPAIRING OF RABBIT SKULL DEFECT BY TGF-β1-INCORPORATED COLLAGEN SPONGES OF DIFFERENT THICKNESS (2003)

We have recently demonstrated that a collagen sponge incorporating TGF-β1 was effective in inducing bone repair at the skull defect of rabbits. In this study, the bone repairing of rabbit skulls was tried by TGF-β1-incorporated collagen sponges of different thickness to assess the influence of the size of osteoinductive materials on the bone repairing. The collagen sponge used was prepared by foaming and freeze-drying 1 % aqueous solution of pepsin-processed porcine atelo-collagen, followed by dehydrothermal crosslinking for 6 hr in vacua. Collagen sponges with different thickness were prepared by changing the volume of collagen solution for freeze-drying and changing the number of sponges piled up. An aqueous solution of TGF-β1 or 125 I -labeled TGF-β1 was dropped onto the freeze-dried sponge to prepare collagen sponges incorporating TGF-β1 or 125 I -TGF-β1, respectively. Collagen sponges were also radioiodinated with Bolton Hunter Reagent. Following implantation of the collagen sponges incorporating 125 I -TGF-β1 and the 125 I -labeled collagen sponges into the mice subcutis, each radioactivity remaining was measured to compare the time profile of in vivo retention of TGF-β1 with that of the sponge. The TGF-β1 incorporated collagen sponges of different thickness were implanted into full-thickness defects of rabbit skulls with 6 mm in diameter. The bone repairing at the defect was evaluated in terms of histological and DEXA examinations 6 weeks later. The remaining radioactivity of 125 I -labeled collagen sponges and 125 I -labeled TGF-β1 incorporated in collagen sponges decreased with time. The remaining periods of radioactivities of the sponges prolonged with an increase in the sponge thickness, but those of TGF-β1 were independent with the sponge thickness. The collagen sponge with 2 mm thickness was the most effective in increasing the bone mineral density at the bone defect. This finding indicated that the sponge thickness is one of the key factors contributing to successful bone repairing.
Manipulation of zebrafish embryogenesis by phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers indicates minimal non-specific teratogenesis. (2005)

The incidence of teratogenicity caused by therapeutic agents is a significant concern in drug development. Approaches to screening active agents in drug development tend to be limited by relevance to humans, cost from the large number of animals required for testing and complicated by barriers to drug entry into the test organism. The era post-human, -mouse and -zebrafish genome sequence determination should result in more precise experimental approaches to the evaluation of teratogenic potential. Peer-reviewed publications (204 papers) from independent investigators evaluating phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) in functional genomic studies are reviewed. These studies utilized over 47,000 embryos and resulted in 0.3% off-targeted or potential teratogenic effects, while at the same time producing the 74% phenotypic penetrance expected for the targeted gene. This represents a very compelling case for the minimal teratogenic potential of PMO chemistry.
Timing jitter from the optical spectrum in semiconductor passively mode locked lasers (2012)

An analysis of the passively mode locked regime in semiconductor lasers is presented, leading to an explicit expression relating the timing jitter diffusion constant to the optical linewidths in these devices. Experimental results for single section quantum-dash based lasers validating the theoretical analysis are presented for the first time. Timing jitter of mode locked lasers at rates of up to 130 GHz has been experimentally estimated from the optical spectra without requiring fast photodetection.