gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Autonomic Neuroprosthesis: Noninvasive Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation Restores Autonomic Cardiovascular Function in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (2017)

Despite autonomic dysfunction after spinal cord injury (SCI) being the major cause of death and a top health priority, the clinical management options for these conditions are limited to drugs with delayed onset and nonpharmacological interventions with equivocal effectiveness. We tested the capacity of electrical stimulation, applied transcutaneously over the spinal cord, to manage autonomic dysfunction in the form of orthostatic hypotension after SCI. We assessed beat-by-beat blood pressure (BP), stroke volume, and cardiac contractility (dP/dt; Finometer), as well as cerebral blood flow (transcranial Doppler) in 5 individuals with motor-complete SCI (4 cervical, 1 thoracic) during an orthostatic challenge with and without transcutaneous electrical stimulation applied at the TVII level. During the orthostatic challenge, all individuals experienced hypotension characterized by a 37 ± 4 mm Hg decrease in systolic BP, a 52 ± 10% reduction in cardiac contractility, and a 23 ± 6% reduction in cerebral blood flow (all p < 0.05), along with severe self-reported symptoms. Electrical stimulation completely normalized BP, cardiac contractility, cerebral blood flow, and abrogated all symptoms. Noninvasive transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation may be a viable therapy for restoring autonomic cardiovascular control after SCI.
MSeqGen (2009)

An objective of unit testing is to achieve high structural coverage of the code under test. Achieving high structural overage of object-oriented code requires desirable method-call sequences that create and mutate objects. These sequences help generate target object states such as argument or receiver object states (in short as target states) of a method under test. Automatic generation of sequences for achieving target states is often challenging due to a large search space of possible sequences. On the other hand, code bases using object types (such as receiver or argument object types) include sequences that can be used to assist automatic test-generation approaches in achieving target states. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called MSeqGen, that mines code bases and extracts sequences related to receiver or argument object types of a method under test. Our approach uses these extracted sequences to enhance two state-of-the-art test-generation approaches: random testing and dynamic symbolic execution. We conduct two evaluations to show the effectiveness of our approach. Using sequences extracted by our approach, we show that a random testing approach achieves 8.7% (with a maximum of 20.0% for one namespace) higher branch coverage and a dynamic-symbolic-execution-based approach achieves 17.4% (with a maximum of 22.5% for one namespace) higher branch coverage than without using our approach. Such an improvement is significant as the branches that are not covered by these state-of-the-art approaches are generally quite difficult to cover.
Dual-frequency continuous-wave terahertz transmission imaging of nonmelanoma skin cancers (2010)

Continuous wave terahertz imaging has the potential for diagnosing and delineating skin cancers. While contrast has been observed between cancerous and normal tissue at terahertz frequencies, the source mechanism behind this contrast is not clearly understood.<sup>1</sup>Transmission measurements of 240&#956;m thick sections of nonmelanoma skin cancer were taken at two frequencies of 1.39 THz and 1.63 THz that lie within and outside the tryptophan absorption band, respectively. Two CO<sub>2</sub> pumped Far-Infrared molecular gas lasers were used for illuminating the tissue while the transmitted signals were detected using a liquid Helium cooled Silicon bolometer. At both THz frequencies 2-dimensional THz transmission images of nonmelanoma skin cancers were acquired with better than 0.5mm spatial resolution. The resulting images were compared to the sample histology and showed a correlation between cancerous tissue and decreased transmission. The results of the imaging experiments will be presented and discussed.
GnRH Induces ERK-Dependent Bleb Formation in Gonadotrope Cells, Involving Recruitment of Members of a GnRH Receptor-Associated Signalosome to the Blebs (2017)

We have previously described a signaling complex (signalosome) associated with the GnRH receptor (GnRHR). We now report that GnRH induces bleb formation in the gonadotrope-derived LβT2 cells. The blebs appear within ~2 min at a turnover rate of ~2-3 blebs/min and last for at least 90 min. Formation of the blebs requires active ERK1/2 and RhoA-ROCK but not active c-Src. Although the following ligands stimulate ERK1/2 in LβT2 cells: EGF > GnRH > PMA > cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), they produced little or no effect on bleb formation as compared to the robust effect of GnRH (GnRH > PMA > cAMP > EGF), indicating that ERK1/2 is required but not sufficient for bleb formation possibly due to compartmentalization. Members of the above mentioned signalosome are recruited to the blebs, some during bleb formation (GnRHR, c-Src, ERK1/2, focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, and tubulin), and some during bleb retraction (vinculin), while F-actin decorates the blebs during retraction. Fluorescence intensity measurements for the above proteins across the cells showed higher intensity in the blebs vs. intracellular area. Moreover, GnRH induces blebs in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells and isolated mouse gonadotropes in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. The novel signalosome-bleb pathway suggests that as with the signalosome, the blebs are apparently involved in cell migration. Hence, we have extended the potential candidates which are involved in the blebs life cycle in general and for the GnRHR in particular.
Virtual Healthcare Center for COVID-19 Patient Detection Based on Artificial Intelligence Approaches (2022)

At the end of 2019, the infectious coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported for the first time in Wuhan, and, since then, it has become a public health issue in China and even worldwide. This pandemic has devastating effects on societies and economies around the world, and poor countries and continents are likely to face particularly serious and long-lasting damage, which could lead to large epidemic outbreaks because of the lack of financial and health resources. The increasing number of COVID-19 tests gives more information about the epidemic spread, and this can help contain the spread to avoid more infection. As COVID-19 keeps spreading, medical products, especially those needed to perform blood tests, will become scarce as a result of the high demand and insufficient supply and logistical means. However, technological tests based on deep learning techniques and medical images could be useful in fighting this pandemic. In this perspective, we propose a COVID-19 disease diagnosis (CDD) tool that implements a deep learning technique to provide automatic symptoms checking and COVID-19 detection. Our CDD scheme implements two main steps. First, the patient's symptoms are checked, and the infection probability is predicted. Then, based on the infection probability, the patient's lungs will be diagnosed by an automatic analysis of X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) images, and the presence of the infection will be accordingly confirmed or not. The numerical results prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme by achieving an accuracy value over 90% compared with the other schemes.
Calibration of a Transilluminator for UV Fixation of DNA to Nylon Filters (2003)

Abstract One method of fixing DNA to filters prior to hybridization analysis is to use ultraviolet light to crosslink the DNA to the filter.
Therapeutically targeting cyclin D1 in primary tumors arising from loss of <i>Ini1</i> (2010)

Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are rare, highly aggressive pediatric malignancies with poor prognosis and with no standard or effective treatment strategies. RTs are characterized by biallelic inactivation of the INI1 tumor suppressor gene. INI1 directly represses CCND1 and activates cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p16(Ink4a) and p21(CIP). RTs are exquisitely dependent on cyclin D1 for genesis and survival. To facilitate translation of unique therapeutic strategies, we have used genetically engineered, Ini1(+/-) mice for therapeutic testing. We found that PET can be used to noninvasively and accurately detect primary tumors in Ini1(+/-) mice. In a PET-guided longitudinal study, we found that treating Ini1(+/-) mice bearing primary tumors with the pan-cdk inhibitor flavopiridol resulted in complete and stable regression of some tumors. Other tumors showed resistance to flavopiridol, and one of the resistant tumors overexpressed cyclin D1, more than flavopiridol-sensitive cells. The concentration of flavopiridol used was not sufficient to down-modulate the high level of cyclin D1 and failed to induce cell death in the resistant cells. Furthermore, FISH and PCR analyses indicated that there is aneuploidy and increased CCND1 copy number in resistant cells. These studies indicate that resistance to flavopiridol may be correlated to elevated cyclin D1 levels. Our studies also indicate that Ini1(+/-) mice are valuable tools for testing unique therapeutic strategies and for understanding mechanisms of drug resistance in tumors that arise owing to loss of Ini1, which is essential for developing effective treatment strategies against these aggressive tumors.
Data from Predicted Prognosis of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer by Machine Learning (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Pancreatic cancer remains a disease of high mortality despite advanced diagnostic techniques. Mucins (MUC) play crucial roles in carcinogenesis and tumor invasion in pancreatic cancers. MUC1 and MUC4 expression are related to the aggressive behavior of human neoplasms and a poor patient outcome. In contrast, MUC2 is a tumor suppressor, and we have previously reported that MUC2 is a favorable prognostic factor in pancreatic neoplasia. This study investigates whether the methylation status of three &lt;i&gt;mucin&lt;/i&gt; genes from postoperative tissue specimens from patients with pancreatic neoplasms could serve as a predictive biomarker for outcome after surgery.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We evaluated the methylation status of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC4 promoter regions in pancreatic tissue samples from 191 patients with various pancreatic lesions using methylation-specific electrophoresis. Then, integrating these results and clinicopathologic features, we used support vector machine-, neural network-, and multinomial-based methods to develop a prognostic classifier.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Significant differences were identified between the positive- and negative-prediction classifiers of patients in 5-year overall survival (OS) in the cross-validation test. Multivariate analysis revealed that these prognostic classifiers were independent prognostic factors analyzed by not only neoplastic tissues but also nonneoplastic tissues. These classifiers had higher predictive accuracy for OS than tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and age and can complement the prognostic value of the TNM staging system.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Analysis of epigenetic changes in &lt;i&gt;mucin&lt;/i&gt; genes may be of diagnostic utility and one of the prognostic predictors for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Relationship between brain volume reduction during the acute phase of sepsis and activities of daily living in elderly patients: A prospective cohort study (2023)

Brain damage in acute sepsis may be associated with poor long-term outcomes that impair reintegration into society. We aimed to clarify whether brain volume reduction occurs during the acute phase of sepsis in patients with acute brain damage. In this prospective, noninterventional observational study, brain volume reduction was evaluated by comparing head computed tomography findings at admission with those obtained during hospitalization. We examined the association between brain volume reduction and performance of the activities of daily living in 85 consecutive patients (mean age, 77 ± 12.7 years) with sepsis or septic shock. The bicaudate ratio increased in 38/58 (65.5%) patients, Evans index increased in 35/58 (60.3%) patients, and brain volume by volumetry decreased in 46/58 (79.3%) patients from the first to the second measurement, with significant increases in the bicaudate ratio (P < 0.0001) and Evans index (P = 0.0005) and a significant decrease in the brain volume by volumetry (P < 0.0001). The change rate for brain volume by volumetry was significantly correlated with the Katz index (ρ = -0.3790, P = 0.0094). In the acute phase of sepsis in this sample of older patients, 60-79% of patients showed decreased brain volumes. This was associated with a decreased capacity for performing activities of daily living.
Formulation and Evaluation of an Herbal Anti-Inflammatory Gel Containing Eupatorium Leaves Extract (2012)

This study evaluated a noble herbal gel formulation containing extract from the leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum for its topical anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan induced ooedema. Gelling agent used in this study was 1% w/w concentration of carbopol- 934. The studies were conducted on Albino Wistar rats of either sex (150-200 g). Change in oedema volume of the rat hind paw was measured. The anti-inflammatory effect produced after topical administration of herbal gel formulation on Carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema exhibited a high degree of reproducibility. The initial physicochemical parameters of formulations i.e. pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability and stability were also examined. The pH of all the formulations was near about 6.8, which lies in the normal pH range of the skin. The preparation was stable under normal storage conditions and did not produce any skin irritation, i.e., erythema and oedema for about a month, when applied over the skin.
Optical Investigation on the Ability of a Cordierite Substrate Mixing Device to Combat Deposits in SCR Dosing Systems (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has become the mainstream approach for removing heavy-duty (HD) diesel engine NOx emissions. Highly efficient SCR systems are a key enabling technology allowing engines to be calibrated for very high NOx output with a resultant gain in fuel consumption while still maintaining NOx emissions compliance. One key to the successful implementation of high efficiency SCR at elevated engine out NOx levels is the ability to introduce significantly more AdBlue into the exhaust flow while still ensuring complete ammonia production and avoiding the formation of deposits.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a body of experimental work conducted on an exhaust test bench using optical techniques including high-speed imaging and phase Doppler interferometry (PDI), applied under representative exhaust conditions to a HD diesel engine after-treatment system with optical access inside the mixer tube.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two different sprays were used to dose AdBlue onto the mixing device. A three-hole injector and a single-hole pressure-swirl injector were characterised in ambient and heated exhaust flow conditions. A metallic two-stage mixer and an uncoated cordierite ceramic substrate mixer were compared and demonstrated the ability of the substrate mixer to reduce deposit formation at higher dosing rates inside the mixer tube when used with the correct spray type. High-speed imaging revealed the ability of the substrate to absorb injected AdBlue spray at cooler exhaust temperatures. However, using the incorrect spray can lead to liquid saturation inside the substrate channels, which is detrimental due to the formation of deposits on the rear face of the substrate.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Design and implementation of verifiable audit trails for a versioning file system (2007)

We present constructs that create, manage, and verify digital audit trails for versioning file systems. Based upon a small amount of data published to a third party, a file system commits to a version history. At a later date, an auditor uses the published data to verify the contents of the file system at any point in time. Digital audit trails create an analog of the paper audit process for file data, helping to meet the requirements of electronic records legislation. Our techniques address the I/O and computa-tional efficiency of generating and verifying audit trails, the aggregation of audit information in directory hierar-chies, and independence to file system architectures. 1
Induced Charge Electro-osmosis over Controllably Contaminated Electrodes (2010)

Recent studies in nonlinear electrokinetics reveal the standard theory to generally overpredict measured velocities, sometimes dramatically. Contamination of the driving surface provides a natural mechanism for electrokinetic suppression. We measure induced charge electro-osmosis over gold electrodes "contaminated" with silica layers of controlled thickness for nearly a thousand distinct conditions, in a system that enables direct comparisons between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements. Both the magnitude and frequency dependence of the measured slip velocity are captured quantitatively over the entire range of experiments by accounting for the physical capacitance and surface chemistry of the dielectric layer. More generally, the quantitative characterization enabled by our apparatus will prove invaluable for the rational design and prediction of electrokinetic systems.
Continuous-flow synthesis of an efficient methanofullerene acceptor for bulk-heterojunction solar cells (2010)

We report on a three-step, continuous-flow synthesis of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid tert-butyl ester (PCBtB), a promising electron-acceptor methanofullerene for solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells, through the integrated use of three elements in a microstructured flow-reactor that eliminate the need of isolation steps, with a definite safety and environmental advantage.
Plasticity as a Lifesaver in the Design of Cardiovascular Stents (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
<i>In vivo</i> comparison of local versus systemic delivery of immunostimulating siRNA in HPV‐driven tumours (2013)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to inhibit oncogene expression and also to activate innate immune responses via Toll-like receptor (TLR) recognition have been shown to be beneficial as anti-cancer therapy in certain cancer models. In this study, we investigated the effects of local versus systemic delivery of such immune-stimulating Dicer-substrate siRNAs (IS-DsiRNAs) on a human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven tumour model. Localized siRNA delivery using intratumour injection of siRNA was able to increase siRNA delivery to the tumour compared with intravenous (IV) delivery and potently activated innate immune responses. However, IV injection remained the more effective delivery route for reducing tumour growth. Although IS-DsiRNAs activated innate immune cells and required interferon-α (IFNα) for full effect on tumour growth, we found that potent silencing siRNA acting independently of IFNα were overall more effective at inhibiting TC-1 tumour growth. Other published work utilising IS-siRNAs have been carried out on tumour models with low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-class 1, a target of natural killer cells that are potently activated by IS-siRNA. As TC-1 cells used in our study express high levels of MHC-class I, the addition of the immunostimulatory motifs may not be as beneficial in this particular tumour model. Our data suggest that selection of siRNA profile and delivery method based on tumour environment is crucial to developing siRNA-based therapies.
β-catenin signaling via astrocyte-encoded TCF7L2 regulates neuronal excitability and social behavior (2020)

Abstract Astrocytes play essential roles in supporting neuronal activity and synapse formation; however, mechanisms by which these functions are regulated are unclear. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in brain development and is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We sought to investigate if some impacts of Wnt signaling are mediated via astrocytes. Here we show that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is active in postnatal cortical astrocytes and that its effector, the transcription factor TCF7L2 –is expressed in astrocyte lineage cells during embryonic and postnatal development in both mouse and human. Astrocyte-specific deletion of Tcf7l2 in the early postnatal period led to alterations in astrocyte morphology, membrane depolarization and decreased cortical neuron excitability. Mice with the conditional knockout exhibited increased sociability and social preference in a naturalistic setting. Taken together, these data reveal a key role of astrocytic Wnt signaling in shaping postnatal neuronal development and adult social behavior.
Diethylzinc‐Mediated Addition of 2,2‐Dibromo‐2‐fluoroacetamides to Carbonyl Compounds: Synthesis of α‐Bromo‐α‐fluoro‐β‐hydroxy Amides and/or (<i>Z</i>)‐Fluorovinyl Amides (2013)

Abstract We describe straightforward routes either to α‐bromo‐α‐fluoro‐β‐hydroxy amides or to ( Z )‐α‐fluoroacrylamides starting from aldehydes, ketones or imine and 2,2‐dibromo‐2‐fluoroacetamides. Depending on the nature of the amide, these diethylzinc‐mediated additions to aldehydes, ketones or imine afford selective access either to bromofluorohydrins or to ( Z )‐α‐fluoroacrylamides. The corresponding products were obtained in moderate to very good yields and the configurations of both products were confirmed by X‐ray analyses.
Impact of Layered Perovskite Oxide La0.85Yb0.15AlO3 on Structure and Transport Properties of Polyetherimide (2022)

This study aims to improve properties of Ultem<sup>®</sup> polyetherimide (PEI) by incorporating up to 2 wt% additives of the perovskite oxide La<sub>0.85</sub>Yb<sub>0.15</sub>AlO<sub>3</sub> (LYA). The structure of dense PEI/LYA films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with an analysis of their elemental composition using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The PEI/LYA films exhibit a two-layer structure. Contact angle measurements revealed hydrophilization of the membrane surface enriched with the perovskite. The transport properties were tested via gas separation and pervaporation processes. The separation selectivity of He/N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> gas pairs increased with the growth of the LYA content in the membranes. Pervaporation of a methanol(MeOH)-cyclohexane(CH) mixture was effective due to the high sorption of MeOH in the PEI/LYA membranes. The maximal pervaporation separation index was found for the PEI/LYA(2%) membrane.