gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of x-ray images using Probabilistic Relaxation Labeling (1991)

Segmentation is a process of separating objects of interest from their background or from other objects in an image. Without a suitable segmentation scheme, it is very difficult to detect contraband in X-rays images. In this paper, a Probabilistic Relaxation Labeling (PRL) segmentation scheme is presented and compared with other segmentation methods. PRL segmentation is an interative algorithm that labels each pixel in an image by cooperative use of two information sources: the pixel probability and the degree of certainty of its probability supported by the neighboring pixels. The practical implementation and results of the PRL segmentation on X-ray baggage images are also discussed and compared with other segmentation methods. 13 refs., 12 figs.
Leveraging User-Diversity in Energy-Efficient Edge-Facilitated\n Collaborative Fog Computing (2020)

Motivated by applications such as on-device collaborative neural network\ninference, this work investigates edge-facilitated collaborative fog computing\n- in which edge-devices collaborate with each other and with the edge of the\nnetwork to complete a processing task - to augment the computing capabilities\nof individual edge-devices while optimizing the collaboration for\nenergy-efficiency. Collaborative computing is modeled using the Map-Reduce\ndistributed computing framework, consisting in two rounds of computations\nseparated by a communication phase. The computing load is optimally distributed\namong the edge-devices, taking into account their diversity in term of\ncomputing and communications capabilities. In addition, edge-devices local\nparameters such as CPU clock frequency and RF transmit power are also optimized\nfor energy-efficiency. The corresponding optimization problem can be shown to\nbe convex and optimality conditions can be obtained through Lagrange duality\ntheory. A waterfilling-like interpretation for the size of the computing load\nassigned to each edge-device is given. Numerical experiments demonstrate the\nbenefits of the proposed optimal collaborative-computing scheme over various\nother schemes in several respects. Most notably, the proposed scheme exhibits\nincreased probability of successfully dealing with heavier computations and/or\nsmaller latency along with energy-efficiency gains of up to two orders of\nmagnitude. Both improvements come from the scheme ability to optimally leverage\nedge-devices diversity.\n
The ordered bicontinuous double-diamond morphology in diblock copolymer/homopolymer blends (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe ordered bicontinuous double-diamond morphology in diblock copolymer/homopolymer blendsKaren I. Winey, Edwin L. Thomas, and Lewis J. FettersCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 1, 422–428Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00027a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00027a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1100Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computer-Assisted Versus Manual Planning for Stereotactic Brain Biopsy: A Retrospective Comparative Pilot Study. (2020)

CAP for stereotactic brain biopsy appears feasible and may be safer in selected cases.
FTN multicarrier transmission based on tight Gabor frames (2017)

A multicarrier signal can be synthesized thanks to a symbol sequence and a Gabor family (i.e., a regularly time–frequency shifted version of a generator pulse). In this article, we consider the case where the signaling density is increased such that inter-pulse interference is unavoidable. Over an additive white Gaussian noise channel, we show that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is maximized when the transmitter and the receiver use the same tight Gabor frame. What is more, we give practical efficient realization schemes and show how to build tight frames based on usual generators. Theoretical and simulated bit-error probability are given for a non-coded system using quadrature amplitude modulations. Such a characterization is then used to predict the convergence of a coded system using low-density parity-check codes. We also study the robustness of such a system to errors on the received bits in an interference cancellation context.
Azonia-azulene salts. Part I. Synthesis of some 9-hydroxypyrrolo-[1,2-a] azepinium salts and 10-hydroxyazepino[1,2-a]idolium salts (1969)

The syntheses of 1,2,23-tribromopyrrolo[1,2-a]azepin-9-one (23) and 11-methylazepino[1,2-a]indol-10-one (20), by a one-step elimination reaction from 1,2,3,8,8-pentabromo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepin-9-one (22) or 9,9-dibromo-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-11-methyl-6H-azepino[1,2-a]indol-10-one (19) respectively, are described. The Structures of the azepinones were established from their n.m.r.spectra and by hydrogenation of the pyrroloazepinone (23). Both azepinones on protonation gave hydroxyzonia-azulene salts; the pyrroloazepinone (23) with Meerwein's reagent gave 1,2,3-tribromo-9-ethoxypyrrolo[1,2-a]azepinium fluoroborate (25).
Protein kinase Cα phosphorylates the TRPC1 channel and regulates store-operated Ca2+ entry in endothelial cells. (2011)

VOLUME 279 (2004) PAGES 20941–20949 PAGE 20944: PAGE 20945: PAGE 20948:
Endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer: a closer look at the current clinical practice (2015)

Endocrine therapy is a very effective and well tolerated approach in the treatment of hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer. Endocrine therapy has shown comparable results to chemotherapy with regard to survival rates, and therefore, it is recommended in the initial treatment of metastatic breast cancer, except in patients with rapidly progressive disease, where chemotherapy is needed. We have several options of endocrine therapy in first and subsequent lines of treatment in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, and there has been a great progress in the development of newer agents and combinations. There are few unanswered questions that are raised in the current clinical practice, and more studies are needed to answer them in order to have a better insight of how we may best use endocrine therapy before we need to use chemotherapy. This article will review the current options of treatment and highlight those questions.
Reduced liver function is the trigger for renal sodium retention following portal vein ligation in the rat (1996)

Sodium retention along with peripheral vasodilation are features of prehepatic portal hypertension. In several models of experimental liver damage, sodium retention occurs only when hepatic function, measured by the aminopyrine breath test (ABT-k), falls below a critical threshold. The relationship between renal sodium handling, ABT-k and systemic and renal haemodynamics in partial portal vein ligated (PVL) rats was examined to test hypothesis that peripheral vasodilation was responsible for initiating sodium retention. Haemodynamic measurements were conducted early after surgery in portal hypertensive rats with and without sodium retention and in sham-operated controls. Compared with control, both PVL groups of rats had elevated portal pressure and lower peripheral vascular resistance (P < 0.05). Sodium retaining-PVL rats had both lower ABT-k (0.95 +/- 0.05 vs 1.38 +/- 0.06 x 10(-2)/min; P < 0.05) and higher sodium balance (1.38 +/- 0.09 vs 0.43 +/- 0.09 mmol/day; P < 0.05) than non-sodium retaining PVL rats. No differences in plasma renin activity or noradrenaline concentrations were observed. In a separate group of rats, hydralazine-induced pheripheral vasodilation did not induce sodium retention. These results suggest that the presence of peripheral vasodilation alone is not sufficient to trigger a sodium-retaining status. A factor, probably liver function-dependent, acting directly on renal tubules may be necessary for changes in renal sodium handling in this model.
Nonplanar multiple-epitaxy bipolar power integrated-circuit process (1987)

The market need to merge digital, analog, and power components on a common monolithic substrate in a cost-effective manner continues to grow in importance in many applications. This paper describes a nonplanar multiple-epitaxy bipolar power integrated-cir-Cuit process that is particularly well-suited for low-cost power applications such as series-pass voltage regulators. The concept enhances transistor characteristics and can be extended to more complex, higher performance intelligent power IC applications.
Graph Classification of Molecules Using Force Field Atom and Bond Types (2019)

Classification of the biological activities of chemical substances is important for developing new medicines efficiently. Various machine learning methods are often employed to screen large libraries of compounds and predict the activities of new substances by training the molecular structure-activity relationships. One such method is graph classification, in which a molecular structure can be represented in terms of a labeled graph with nodes that correspond to atoms and edges that correspond to the bonds between these atoms. In a conventional graph definition, atomic symbols and bond orders are employed as node and edge labels, respectively. In this study, we developed new graph definitions using the assignment of atom and bond types in the force fields of molecular dynamics methods as node and edge labels, respectively. We found that these graph definitions improved the accuracies of activity classifications for chemical substances using graph kernels with support vector machines and deep neural networks. The higher accuracies obtained using our proposed definitions can enhance the development of the materials informatics using graph-based machine learning methods.
Chapter 5: Reduced methods (2016)

5.1 ▪ Overview of reduction methods
Comparative analysis of void-containing and all-semiconductor 1.5 <i>µ</i>m InP-based photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diodes (2021)

This paper analyzes 2D photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diodes with void-containing and all-semiconductor structures by comparing their simulated mode distribution, band structure, and coupling coefficients. A photonic crystal design with a square lattice and circle atoms is considered.
Homochiral Porous Framework as a Platform for Durability Enhancement of Molecular Catalysts (2017)

Self-quenching and vulnerability of active sites are major issues posed for practical applications of highly efficient chiral organometallic catalysts. Here, we demonstrate an effective strategy to address these challenges by constructing them into homochiral porous frameworks, which renders them with extraordinary resistance against deactivation yet fully retains the intrinsic catalytic activities and selectivities under heterogeneous systems. Representatively, after partial metalation of the porous chiral phosphoramidite ligand-based frameworks (Phos-HPFs) with Rh species, the afforded catalysts exhibit dramatically enhanced durability while maintaining the activity and selectivity of the homogeneous counterparts in asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins. The rigid framework of Phos-HPFs can isolate the active sites, thus preventing the self-quenching from forming coordinatively saturated complexes, while the active sites surrounded by dense free chiral ligands in Phos-HPFs can inhibit them from decomposing into metallic particles. Our work thereby highlights the advantages of HPFs for the deployment of catalysts, which offers an opportunity for enhancing the utilization efficiency rather than merely having the benefits of easy separation and recycling of the chiral catalysts.
NK1 antagonists attenuate tau phosphorylation after blast and repeated concussive injury (2021)

Exposure to repeated concussive traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to blast-induced TBI has been associated with the potential development of the neurodegenerative condition known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is characterized by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, with the resultant tau tangles thought to initiate the cognitive and behavioral manifestations that appear as the condition progresses. However, the mechanisms linking concussive and blast TBI with tau hyperphosphorylation are unknown. Here we show that single moderate TBI, repeated concussive TBI and blast-induced mild TBI all result in hyperphosphorylation of tau via a substance P mediated mechanism. Post-injury administration of a substance P, NK1 receptor antagonist attenuated the injury-induced phosphorylation of tau by modulating the activity of several key kinases including Akt, ERK1/2 and JNK, and was associated with improvement in neurological outcome. We also demonstrate that inhibition of the TRPV1 mechanoreceptor, which is linked to substance P release, attenuated injury-associated tau hyperphosphorylation, but only when it was administered prior to injury. Our results demonstrate that TBI-mediated stimulation of brain mechanoreceptors is associated with substance P release and consequent tau hyperphosphorylation, with administration of an NK1 receptor antagonist attenuating tau phosphorylation and associated neurological deficits. NK1 antagonists may thus represent a pharmacological approach to attenuate the potential development of CTE following concussive and blast TBI.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Coordination Properties of Novel Polyfunctional Phosphine Ligands (I). (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AVL Trees (2016)

We saw earlier that binary search trees are a good compromise between sequentially allocated arrays, which allow direct access, but are not updated easily, and linked lists, that support inserts and deletes in constant time, but cannot be searched efficiently. There is, however, still a major challenge left to be dealt with: the shape of the tree, and in particular its depth, on which ultimately all update complexities depend, is a function of the order in which the elements are processed. The same set of elements, when given in different orders, may produce completely different trees (see Figure 5.1).
Coccidiosis (2001)

Abstract Coccidiosis is principally an enteric disease of vertebrates that results from infection with eimeriid parasites of the genus Eimeria or Isospora (Apicomplexa; Coccidia; Eimeriidae). Coccidiosis is a frequent cause of diarrhoea, morbidity and mortality in domesticated birds and mammals that can be alleviated by use of prophylactic or therapeutic antiparasitic drugs or, less commonly, by vaccination.
Scaling Optical Interconnects Beyond 400 Gb/s (2018)

We present our vision towards scaling optical interconnect signalling rates to 200 Gb/s per lane within European project plaCMOS. The concept of a monolithic integration platform combining silicon photonics, plasmonics and SiGe-BiCMOS electronics is introduced and recent progresses are reported.
Generalized response of a sphere embedded in a viscoelastic medium excited by ultrasound radiation force. (2010)

Characterization of viscoelastic soft tissues and materials has been a subject of active research for the past two decades. Techniques involving measuring the motion of embedded spheres in viscoelastic media have been employed to measure the viscoelastic material properties of the media surrounding the sphere. The published work using this technique has been restricted to using the Kelvin–Voigt model, which has worked for gelatin-based materials. We report an extension of this method using different viscoelastic rheological models such as the Maxwell, generalized Maxwell, Zener, and Kelvin–Voigt fractional derivative models. We performed experiments using a focused 3-MHz transducer to produce radiation force and a 7.5-MHz pulse-echo transducer to measure the sphere motion. Two phantoms were tested; one made of gelatin and another made of rubber with stainless steel spheres embedded in the materials. The response was fitted with the generalized theoretical model to find the material properties over bandwidths of 25–3000 Hz. The median absolute errors ranged from 0.0036–0.0421 and 0.0365–0.0879 for the gelatin and rubber phantoms, respectively. This generalized method offers added flexibility to characterize different types of viscoelastic materials using the most appropriate rheological model. [Work supported in part by NIH Grant nos. EB002167 and DK082408.]
Orthogonal Riboswitches for Tuneable Coexpression in Bacteria (2012)

Orthogonal gene control: Orthogonal riboswitches can be deployed in the same bacterial cell to independently control the coexpression of multiple genes in a dose-dependent response to distinct synthetic small molecules. This technique allows convenient access to highly dynamic expression landscapes and desirable protein stoichiometries. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
In Vivo PET Imaging of the Activated Immune Environment in a Small Animal Model of Inflammatory Arthritis (2017)

[<sup>18</sup>F]F-AraG may serve as an imaging biomarker of T-cell activation in inflammatory arthritis. Further development of this technique is warranted and could offer a tool to explore the temporal link between activated T cells and RA as well as to monitor immune-mediated therapies for RA in clinical trials.
Turbulent Boundary Layer Separation Control by Using DBD Plasma Actuators: Part II—Numerical Model Validation and Parametric Study (2010)

Following an experimental investigation into suppression of a 2-D turbulent boundary layer separation with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators, the present work investigates the concept numerically. The purpose is to develop and validate a simulation tool that captures the flow physics and carry out a parametric study of the concept at flow regimes beyond the current flow control capability of plasma actuators of conventional strength. First, a plasma actuator model is integrated into the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS CFX to simulate the effects of plasma actuation. This computational tool is validated through comparison of results with the experimental results for pulsed actuation in quiescent air and for the control of a turbulent boundary layer separation at low flow velocities. It is shown that CFX with an integrated plasma model can capture the main experimentally observed effects of DBD actuators on turbulent boundary layer separation. Subsequently, this numerical approach is used, with increased plasma actuator strength, to study the influence of different actuation parameters (e.g., actuation location, direction and frequency) on suppression of turbulent boundary layer separation at higher flow velocities.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Tumor Cell–Driven Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Drives Haptotaxis during Metastatic Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. TCGA analysis supplementary analysis and characterization of MenaINV-specific monoclonal antibody.&lt;/p&gt;
Discrete Dubins Paths (2012)

A Dubins path is a shortest path with bounded curvature. The seminal result in non-holonomic motion planning is that (in the absence of obstacles) a Dubins path consists either from a circular arc followed by a segment followed by another arc, or from three circular arcs [Dubins, 1957]. Dubins original proof uses advanced calculus; later, Dubins result was reproved using control theory techniques [Reeds and Shepp, 1990], [Sussmann and Tang, 1991], [Boissonnat, Cérézo, and Leblond, 1994]. We introduce and study a discrete analogue of curvature-constrained motion. We show that shortest "bounded-curvature" polygonal paths have the same structure as Dubins paths. The properties of Dubins paths follow from our results as a limiting case---this gives a new, "discrete" proof of Dubins result.
Line Broadening of Photoluminescence Excitation Resonances in Single Self-Assembled Quantum Dots (2002)

Photoluminescence excitation resonances in the multiphonon energy region of single self-assembled quantum dots are investigated. Several multiphonon resonances exhibit dip structures under the saturation condition, whereas the corresponding biexciton resonances have a sharp linewidth. The observed dip structures and inversely correlated biexciton resonances suggest that the photoluminescence excitation resonances include line broadening consisting of several relaxation pathways with different relaxation rates.
N-Substituted 2-aminoimidazoleinhibitors of MRSA biofilm formation accessed through direct 1,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidine cyclization (2012)

Antibiotic resistance is a significant problem and is compounded by the ability of many pathogenic bacteria to form biofilms. A library of N-substituted derivatives of a previously reported 2-aminoimidazole/triazole (2-AIT) biofilm modulator was constructed via α-bromoketone cyclization with 1,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidine, followed by selective substitution. Several compounds exhibited the ability to inhibit biofilm formation by three strong biofilm forming strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Additionally, a number of members of this library exhibited synergistic activity with oxacillin against planktonic MRSA. Compounds with this type of dual activity have the potential to be used as adjuvants with conventional antibiotics.
Cell-mediated mineralization of synthetic polyethylene glycol hydrogels to create bone tissue engineering constructs (2016)

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