gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific acoustic impedances of piezoelectric ceramic and polymer composites used in medical applications (1988)

The specific acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric composites over the frequency range of 0.5-7.5 MHz was measured using the reflection, the echo-shift, and the resonance techniques. There was a significant difference between the values obtained by the reflection technique in comparison with the other two techniques. It is argued that the difference is inherent in the measurement techniques and they measure different properties of the composite such as acoustic impedance and reflectivity. The specific acoustic impedance and the reflectivity were found to be a function of the volume fraction of the ceramic and not a function of frequency.
COVID-19-Pandemiekrisenstäbe: Organisation, Befugnisse und Herausforderungen – Strukturelle Gegebenheiten verstehen und nutzen (2022)

In terms of preparing for future pandemic situations, the knowledge gained will help to address concerns about maintaining healthcare for specific population groups, such as seriously ill and dying people, to the locally differing responsible bodies, even under pandemic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Imino‐1,3‐oxaselenolanes (III) by Reaction of Isoselenocyanates with 2‐Bromoethanol (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exact solution to a Lindley-type equation on a bounded support (2014)

We derive the limiting waiting-time distribution $F_W$ of a model described by the Lindley-type equation $W=\max\{0, B - A - W\}$, where $B$ has a polynomial distribution. This exact solution is applied to derive approximations of $F_W$ when $B$ is generally distributed on a finite support. We provide error bounds for these approximations.
Figure S3 from Inhibition of BUB1 Kinase by BAY 1816032 Sensitizes Tumor Cells toward Taxanes, ATR, and PARP Inhibitors &lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell cycle analyses&lt;/p&gt;
Contribution of Alzheimer’s disease risk genes in the maintenance of endolysosomal transport regulation (2020)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia of which the incidence increases with age. No cures are available yet, urging to explore new strategies for the identification of pathways that can be targeted therapeutically. Research in AD has been majorly driven by studying familial AD (FAD)‐associated mutations in the APP and PSEN genes, albeit they represent only a minor fraction of all cases. GWAS studies have identified ≈30 late‐onset AD (LOAD) susceptibility loci that, when functionally clustered, are directly or indirectly linked to cellular trafficking routes and functioning. These include genes linked to cholesterol metabolism (e.g. APOE4 , ABCA7 , INPP5D ), endocytic transport regulation (e.g. BIN1 , CD2AP , PICALM , SORL1 ) and lysosomal processes (e.g. GRN , PLD3 ). The genetic findings concur with the appearance of endolysosomal abnormalities at preclinical stages, before the appearance of senile plaques and tangles. Method To investigate the role of LOAD risk factors involved endosomal transport regulation, we generated knock‐out (KO), and their corresponding rescued cell lines for several proteins including PSENs, PICALM and PLD3 and this in fibroblasts and neuronal SHS5Y5Y cells. These are now subjected to a comparative analysis of the endolysosomal pathway and lysosomal function. Result PSENdKO cells present with enlarged late endosomes/lysosomes that (i) display an increased co‐localization with early endosomal markers, (ii) accumulate various lipids as shown by lipidome profiling of isolated organelles, and (iii) accumulate various cargoes and adaptors such as the retromer subunit VPS35. These aberrant accumulations could be corrected by the re‐expression of catalytic active and inactive human PSEN1, indicating that a γ‐secretase‐independent role of PSEN1 is partially connected to recycling. Interestingly, activation of recycling could significantly alleviate endolysosomal defects observed in PSEN KO cells. Ongoing analysis of LOAD risk genes shows both similar as well as distinct endolysosomal defects underscoring that a possible common endosomal deregulations may originate from different upstream mechanisms. Conclusion Together, these observations are shedding light on the potential of modulating/restoring endosomal transport regulation as a strategy to alleviate observed early endolysosomal dysfunctions at preclinical stages of AD pathogenesis.
Securing coherence rephasing with a pair of adiabatic rapid passages (2013)

Coherence rephasing is an essential step in quantum storage protocols that use echo-based strategies. We present a thorough analysis on how two adiabatic rapid passages (ARPs) are able to rephase atomic coherences in an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble. We consider both optical and spin coherences, rephased by optical or radio-frequency (rf) ARPs, respectively. We show how a rephasing sequence consisting of two ARPs in a double-echo scheme is equivalent to the identity operator (any state can be recovered), as long as certain conditions are fulfilled. Our mathematical treatment of the ARPs leads to a very simple geometrical interpretation within the Bloch sphere that permits a visual comprehension of the rephasing process. We also identify the conditions that ensure the rephasing, finding that the phase of the optical or rf ARP fields plays a key role in the ability of the sequence to preserve the phase of the superposition state. This settles a difference between optical and rf ARPs, since field phase control is not readily guaranteed in the former case. We also provide a quantitative comparison between -pulse and ARP rephasing efficiencies, showing the superiority of the latter. We experimentally verify the conclusions of our analysis through rf ARP rephasing sequences performed on the rare-earth ion-doped crystal Tm 3+ :YAG, of interest in quantum memories.
Mutual anticipation can contribute to self-organization in human crowds (2021)

Human crowds provide paradigmatic examples of collective behavior emerging through self-organization. Understanding their dynamics is crucial to help manage mass events and daily pedestrian transportation. Although recent findings emphasized that pedestrians' interactions are fundamentally anticipatory in nature, whether and how individual anticipation functionally benefits the group is not well understood. Here, we show the link between individual anticipation and emergent pattern formation through our experiments of lane formation, where unidirectional lanes are spontaneously formed in bidirectional pedestrian flows. Manipulating the anticipatory abilities of some of the pedestrians by distracting them visually delayed the collective pattern formation. Moreover, both the distracted pedestrians and the nondistracted ones had difficulties avoiding collisions while navigating. These results imply that avoidance maneuvers are normally a cooperative process and that mutual anticipation between pedestrians facilitates efficient pattern formation. Our findings may influence various fields, including traffic management, decision-making research, and swarm dynamics.
Redundant Multi-Modal Integration of Machine Vision and Programmable Mechanical Manipulation for Scene Segmentation (1988)

The main idea in this paper is that one cannot discern the part-whole relationship of three-dimensional objects in a passive mode without a great deal of a priori information. Perceptual activity is exploratory, probing and searching. Physical scene segmentation is the first step in active perception. The task of perception is greatly simplified if one has to deal with only one object at a time. This work adapts the non-deterministic Turing machine model and develops strategies to control the interaction between sensors and actions for physical segmentation. Scene segmentation is formulated in graph theoretic terms as a graph generation/decomposition problem. The isomorphism between manipulation actions and graph decomposition operations is defined. The non-contact sensors generate the directed graphs representing the spatial relations among surface regions. The manipulator decomposes these graphs under contact sensor supervision. Assuming a finite number of sensors and actions and a goal state, that is reachable and measurable with the available sensors, the control strategies converge. This was experimentally verified in a real, noisy, and dynamic environment.
A new state of turbulence: Elasto-inertial turbulence (2012)

The elasticity of polymer solutions is found to generate a new state of turbulence, elasto-inertial turbulence (EIT), characterized by an interplay between elastic and flow instabilities. Experiments and direct numerical simulations (DNS) in pipe and channel flows demonstrate the emergence of EIT at Reynolds numbers much lower than the critical Reynolds number for transition to turbulence in Newtonian flows. EIT causes the friction factor to deviate from the laminar solution and subsequently transition to the maximum drag reduction asymptote around Re=1800. EIT is a self-sustained mechanism that arises from the interactions between fluctuations of extensional viscosity, velocity and pressure. The polymer solution elasticity controls the growth of flow instability, resulting in transitional-like flows at high Reynolds numbers. The existence of EIT is not limited to pipe, channel or boundary layer flows, and evidence of EIT will be discussed in other flows, including natural convection using DNS.
Increasing Impartiality and Robustness in High-Performance N-Way Asynchronous Arbiters (2015)

Arbiters are the most critical element to manage a shared resource. Many arbiters in the literature are asynchronous, in order to improve concurrency and make the performance independent from the working frequency of the requesting clients. However, in asynchronous designs, architectural imbalances or variability can affect impartiality, such as latency equalization and arbitration fairness. Such a problem has largely not been taken into account in previous designs and experimental results. This work aims to perform an accurate rebalancing for N-way arbiters, using a new architecture, based on a tree structure. The proposed architecture drastically mitigates various forms of impartiality, as well as enhances overall robustness. The design is also scalable and highly performance-oriented. A detailed comparison of several post-layout N-way arbiter models is included. Results show significant benefits over most critical design costs.
Case study on primary frequency control with wind-turbines and photovoltaic plants (2014)

The transition to sustainable power systems with a high penetration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation is one of the major challenges of the future energy supply. So far mainly conventional power plants provide ancillary services such as frequency and reactive power control. With the increasing penetration of distributed generation systems this has to change. In this paper, it is assumed that all generation units in the power system participate on the primary frequency control with a certain percentage of their current generation. For this case, this investigation presents possible approaches to participate wind-turbines and photovoltaic plants on primary frequency control and shows the results of the transient behavior by this control for several scenarios.
Theory of C<sub>2</sub>H<i><sub>x</sub></i> Species on Pt{110}(1 × 2):  Structure, Stability, and Thermal Chemistry (2006)

The adsorption of C2Hx (x=0-5) hydrocarbon fragments on Pt{110}(1x2) has been investigated using calculations based on density functional theory. For all the species, the most stable adsorption site identified completes the tetravalency of each carbon atom and involves the maximum possible number of Pt atoms subject to that constraint. The most stable adsorption sites for C2Hx fragments of stoichiometry x=2-5 involve ridge atoms, while trough sites stabilize C2H and C2 species. The relative stability of the fragments involved is compared via a free energy picture.
[The pharmaceutical industry during the Second World War: issues and evolution]. (2002)

During the Second World War, French pharmaceutical industry was facing several crises at the same time: economic, social and political crisis, in its relationship with the German occupying forces and the Vichy regime. However, the industrial pharmacy continued its investments and innovation: several specialties were born. Other specialties are largely increasing their sales as they replace missing food (sugar, oil). Relationship with the occupying forces are first to try to escape constraints that are imposed to the companies. But contracts signed with German companies are obviously related to the defeated position of France. Allied are also a source of breach between French companies and their subsidiaries abroad (UK or USA). In this context, the new French law of September 11, 1941 on French Pharmacy appears for Vichy's regime and German occupying forces as a way among others to control the French pharmaceutical industry.
Iota-Carrageenan Inhibits Replication of SARS-CoV-2 and the Respective Variants of Concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world and remains a major public health threat. Vaccine inefficiency, vaccination breakthroughs and lack of supply, especially in developing countries, as well as the fact that a non-negligible part of the population either refuse vaccination or cannot be vaccinated due to age, pre-existing illness or non-response to existing vaccines intensify this issue. This might also contribute to the emergence of new variants, being more efficiently transmitted, more virulent and more capable of escaping naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. Hence, the need of effective and viable prevention options to reduce viral transmission is of outmost importance. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effect of iota-, lambda- and kappa-carrageenan, sulfated polysaccharides extracted from red seaweed, on SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan type and the spreading variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. Carrageenans as part of broadly used nasal and mouth sprays as well as lozenges have the potential of first line defense to inhibit the infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we demonstrate by using a SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus particles (SSPL) system and patient-isolated SARS-CoV-2 VOCs to infect transgenic A549ACE2/TMPRSS2 and Calu-3 human lung cells that all three carrageenan types exert antiviral activity. Iota-carrageenan exhibits antiviral activity with comparable IC<sub>50</sub> values against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan type and the VOCs. Altogether, these results indicate that iota-carrageenan might be effective for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections independent of the present and potentially future variants.
2 μm wavelength range InP-based type-II quantum well photodiodes heterogeneously integrated on silicon photonic integrated circuits (2015)

The heterogeneous integration of InP-based type-II quantum well photodiodes on silicon photonic integrated circuits for the 2 µm wavelength range is presented. A responsivity of 1.2 A/W at a wavelength of 2.32 µm and 0.6 A/W at 2.4 µm wavelength is demonstrated. The photodiodes have a dark current of 12 nA at -0.5 V at room temperature. The absorbing active region of the integrated photodiodes consists of six periods of a "W"-shaped quantum well, also allowing for laser integration on the same platform.
Efficient finite field digital-serial multiplier architecture for cryptography applications (2001)

Cryptographic applications in embedded systems for smart-cards require low-latency, low-complexity and low power dedicated hardware. In this work the GBB algorithm for finite field multiplication is optimised by recoding and the related digit-serial VLSI multiplier architecture is designed and evaluated.
Quantum process estimation via generic two-body correlations (2010)

Performance of quantum process estimation is naturally limited by fundamental, random, and systematic imperfections of preparations and measurements. These imperfections may lead to considerable errors in the process reconstruction because standard data-analysis techniques usually presume ideal devices. Here, by utilizing generic auxiliary quantum or classical correlations, we provide a framework for the estimation of quantum dynamics via a single measurement apparatus. By construction, this approach can be applied to quantum tomography schemes with calibrated faulty-state generators and analyzers. Specifically, we present a generalization of the work begun by M. Mohseni and D. A. Lidar [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 170501 (2006)] with an imperfect Bell-state analyzer. We demonstrate that for several physically relevant noisy preparations and measurements, classical correlations and a small data-processing overhead suffice to accomplish the full system identification. Furthermore, we provide the optimal input states whereby the error amplification due to inversion of the measurement data is minimal.
Tandem trimer pyrrole–imidazole polyamide probes targeting 18 base pairs in human telomere sequences (2015)

The binding of molecules to specific DNA sequences is important for imaging genome DNA and for studying gene expression. Increasing the number of base pairs targeted by these molecules would provide greater specificity. <i>N</i>-Methylpyrrole-<i>N</i>-methylimidazole (Py-Im) polyamides are one type of such molecules and can bind to the minor groove of DNA in a sequence-specific manner without causing denaturation of DNA. Our recent work has demonstrated that tandem hairpin Py-Im polyamides conjugated with a fluorescent dye can be synthesized easily and can serve as new probes for studying human telomeres under mild conditions. Herein, to improve their selectivities to telomeres by targeting longer sequences, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent tandem trimer Py-Im polyamide probe, comprising three hairpins and two connecting regions (hinges). The new motif bound to 18 bp dsDNA in human telomeric repeats (TTAGGG) <sub><i>n</i></sub> , the longest sequence for specific binding reported for Py-Im polyamides. We compared the binding affinities and the abilities to discriminate mismatch, the UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectra, and telomere staining in human cells between the tandem trimer and a previously developed tandem hairpin. We found that the tandem trimer Py-Im polyamide probe has higher ability to recognize telomeric repeats and stains telomeres in chemically fixed cells with lower background signal.
Markov Chain-based performance analysis of MIMO-Aware Media Access Control Protocol (2017)

International audience
Targeting the Activated Macrophage with Folate-Conjugated Compounds in Experimental Atherosclerosis (92.11) (2009)

Abstract Macrophages are central to the development of atherosclerosis. Folate-receptor positive (FR+) macrophages have been reported to orchestrate inflammatory processes in multiple inflammatory diseases, but the role of FR+ macrophages in atherosclerosis is unknown. Here, we report the use of folate to target radioactive and fluorescent imaging agents to macrophages present within aortas of atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice. Folate-targeted 99m-Tc and folate-DyLight680 were synthesized and injected into ApoE-/- mice that were fed either normal or Western chow for 25 weeks. Mice and their excised aortas were then imaged to assess accumulation of both folate conjugates. Flow cytometric analysis of single cell suspensions of collagenase-digested aortas was also performed. Folate-targeted compounds, but not nontargeted compounds, were found to accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-/- mice, with greater uptake in mice fed Western chow than normal chow. The targeted cells were also confirmed to be FR+ macrophages. These data demonstrate that FR+ macrophages are present in atherosclerotic lesions and that they can be targeted with folate-conjugated compounds. Folate targeting could conceivably be developed for the staging of atherogenesis and treating of the associated disease.
<i>δ</i>-opioid-receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase is transduced specifically by the guanine-nucleotide-binding protein Gi2 (1990)

Mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma hybrid cells (NG108-15) express an opioid receptor of the delta subclass which both stimulates high-affinity GTPase activity and inhibits adenylate cyclase by interacting with a pertussis-toxin-sensitive guanine-nucleotide-binding protein(s) (G-protein). Four such G-proteins have now been identified without photoreceptor-containing tissues. We have generated anti-peptide antisera against synthetic peptides which correspond to the C-terminal decapeptides of the alpha-subunit of each of these G-proteins and also to the stimulatory G-protein of the adenylate cyclase cascade (Gs). Using these antisera, we demonstrate the expression of three pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-proteins in these cells, which correspond to the products of the Gi2, Gi3 and Go genes, as well as Gs. Gi1, however, is not expressed in detectable amounts. IgG fractions from each of these antisera and from normal rabbit serum were used to attempt to interfere with the interaction of the opioid receptor with the G-protein system by assessing ligand stimulation of high-affinity GTPase activity, inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and conversion of the receptor to a state which displays reduced affinity for agonists. The IgG fraction from the antiserum (AS7) which specifically identifies Gi2 in these cells attenuated the effects of the opioid receptor. This effect was complete and was not mimicked by any of the other antisera. We conclude that the delta-opioid receptor of these cells interacts directly and specifically with Gi2 to cause inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and that Gi2 represents the true Gi of the adenylate cyclase cascade. The ability to measure alterations in agonist affinity for receptors following the use of specific antisera against a range of G-proteins implies that such techniques should be applicable to investigations of the molecular identity of the G-protein(s) which interacts with any receptor.
ATIM-08. IMMUNOMARKERS IN THE DNX-2401 (DELTA-24-RGD) ONCOLYTIC VIRUS PHASE I CLINICAL TRIAL (2017)

include overall survival, development of brain metastases, neurocognitive function, and QOL outcomes. TRIAL DESIGN: This is a prospective, singlearm, open-label multicenter pilot study. All patients will undergo TTFields treatment using the NovoTTF-200A System set to an output frequency of 200 kHz. The feasibility of TTFields prophylaxis will be measured as the percentage of patients continuing TTFields therapy until intracranial tumor progression, discontinuation due to disease limiting toxicity, or continuation of therapy for at least 6 months. TTFields will be discontinued in patients who develop intracranial failure while on therapy. All patients who develop intracranial failure may undergo whole brain radiotherapy or best supportive care at the discretion of the treating physician. All study follow-up procedures are to continue according to protocol until death, or until another criteria for removal is met. Because the primary endpoint is feasibility, the proposed sample size is not driven by statistical hypotheses. A sample size of 25 was set to accumulate more extensive patient data for planning the next clinical phase of this potential prophylactic treatment.