gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four-component determinations using phase-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFour-component determinations using phase-resolved fluorescence spectroscopyFrank V. Bright and Linda B. McGownCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 1, 55–59Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00279a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (616 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Anomalous dielectric peak in Mg and Li doped ZnO ceramics and thin films (2010)

In this manuscript we report dielectric measurements of Mg and Li doped ZnO ceramics and thin films of various compositions. We have tried to reproduce the reported ferroelectriclike behavior in doped ZnO ceramics and thin films and observed anomalous dielectric peak in our samples at temperatures similar to the reported data. However, this peak disappeared when the same samples were measured in vacuum. Our results suggest that previously reported anomalous dielectric peak in doped ZnO samples is not related to the ferroelectric phase transition and is a measurement artifact originated from the presence of water vapor in the measurement system.
Natural Gas - an Environmentally Friendly Fuel for Urban Vehicles: the Smart Demonstrator Approach (2006)

The reduction of greenhouse gases emissions remains one of the most important challenges stakes for the next decades involving all energy consumers and especially the industrial actors, although the need to make better use of energy is not appreciated to the same extent by all industrial countries. For the automotive sector, the European car manufacturers' commitment (reduction of the average fuel consumption for new vehicles to 140 grams of CO2 produced per kilometer by 2008) appears to be a valuable contribution towards meeting the recommendations of the European Commission. A sharp CO2 emission reduction requires efforts both to reduce vehicle's fuel consumption, and to widen the use of fuel with advantageous molecular hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio. Alongside vehicle's optimization itself, improving engine efficiency remains the main target. Reduction of engine displacement volume (commonly named downsizing) is an efficient way to achieve this target. Due to its interesting chemical properties, Natural Gas can be used to achieve low carbon dioxide levels (H/C ratio close to 4), while at the same time maintaining high thermal efficiency through dedicated engine development. The main objective of this project is to confirm (with a dedicated demonstrator vehicle) the high efficiency of CNG fuel when used in urban conditions. The target is to achieve low CO2 emissions with a maximum level of 90 g/km on the MVEG driving cycle, while keeping pollutant emissions below EURO IV level. The first step was dedicated to CNG specific engine parts design (pistons, connecting rod, crankshaft, etc.) in order to optimize CNG configuration. During the following steps, the engine has been optimized on a test bench. Valve timing and turbocharger selection have been optimized in order to obtain the best trade-off in terms of power, consumption and pollutants. The final step has been spent to calibrate the engine, firstly on the test bench and secondly on the vehicle. This work allows coping with EURO IV emissions level with optimized catalyst light-off, transient running conditions, driveability, etc.
Does machine-mediated interaction induce inter-brain synchrony? &amp;#x2014; A hyperscanning study (2014)

We present a study in which participants were trained in several sessions to control a (comparatively simple) robot via an EEG-/motor imagery-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). In the final (experiment) session pairs of participants were formed and each participant controlled one of two robots in a shared space. EEG data was recorded synchronously from both participants. We performed a joint data analysis on the datasets and found increases of phase-locking in μ- and θ-band. One such phase-locking effect appears to be time-locked to the start of the robotic action.
Laccase versus Laccase-Like Multi-Copper Oxidase: A Comparative Study of Similar Enzymes with Diverse Substrate Spectra (2013)

Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are multi-copper oxidases that catalyse the one-electron oxidation of a broad range of compounds including substituted phenols, arylamines and aromatic thiols to the corresponding radicals. Owing to their broad substrate range, copper-containing laccases are versatile biocatalysts, capable of oxidizing numerous natural and non-natural industry-relevant compounds, with water as the sole by-product. In the present study, 10 of the 11 multi-copper oxidases, hitherto considered to be laccases, from fungi, plant and bacterial origin were compared. A substrate screen of 91 natural and non-natural compounds was recorded and revealed a fairly broad but distinctive substrate spectrum amongst the enzymes. Even though the enzymes share conserved active site residues we found that the substrate ranges of the individual enzymes varied considerably. The EC classification is based on the type of chemical reaction performed and the actual name of the enzyme often refers to the physiological substrate. However, for the enzymes studied in this work such classification is not feasible, even more so as their prime substrates or natural functions are mainly unknown. The classification of multi-copper oxidases assigned as laccases remains a challenge. For the sake of simplicity we propose to introduce the term "laccase-like multi-copper oxidase" (LMCO) in addition to the term laccase that we use exclusively for the enzyme originally identified from the sap of the lacquer tree Rhus vernicifera.
Solid State and Aqueous Solution Characterization of Rectangular Tetranuclear V<sup>IV/V</sup>-<i>p</i>-Semiquinonate/Hydroquinonate Complexes Exhibiting a Proton Induced Electron Transfer (2008)

Reaction of the non-innocent dinucleating ligand 2,5-bis[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl) aminomethyl]hydroquinone (H 6bicah) with VO (2+) and VO 4 (3-) salts in water in the pH range 2 to 4.5 provides a series of novel tetranuclear V (IV) and/or V (V) macrocycles with the main core consisting of the anions [V (V) 4O 4(mu-O) 2(mu-bicah) 2] (4-) isolated at pH = 2.5 and [V (IV) 2V (V) 2O 4(mu-O) 2(mu-bicas)(mu-bicah)] (5-) and [V (IV) 4O 4(mu-O) 2(mu-bicas) 2] (6-) isolated at pH = 4.5 (bicas (*5-) = 2,5-bis[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl) aminomethyl]- p-semiquinonate), whereas at pH = 2 the dinuclear [(V (IV)O) 2(OH 2) 2(mu-bicah)] (2-) was obtained. All vanadium compounds have been characterized, and the charge of the ligand has been assigned in solid state by X-ray crystallography and infrared spectroscopy. The structures of the tetranuclear anions consist of four vanadium atoms arranged at the corners of a rectangle with the two bridging bicas (*5-) and/or bicah (6-) ligands on the long and the two V (IV/V)-O-V (IV/V) bridges on the short sides of the rectangle. UV-vis, (51)V and (1)H NMR spectroscopy and electrochemistry showed that these complexes interconvert to each other by varying the pH. This pH induced redox transformation of the tetranuclear anions has been attributed to the shift of the reduction potential of the bicas (*5-) to higher values by decreasing the pH. The electron is transferred intramolecularly from the metal ion to the electron accepting semiquinones resulting in reduction of bicas (*5-) to bicah (6-) and concurrent oxidation of the V (IV) to V (V). The resulting complexes are further oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. This system as a model for the H (+) coupled redox reactions in metalloenzymes and its relevance is discussed briefly.
Evolutionary parameter optimization of a fuzzy controller which is used to control a sewage treatment plant (2010)

In order to meet new environmental standards, sewage treatment plants may need to be redesigned or extended. Instead of reconstructing large parts of a sewage treatment plant, which can be very costly, it is in many cases sufficient to install relatively inexpensive equipment, which controls parts of the plant in a new way. Fuzzy controllers are often used for this task. Use of these controllers often leads to an improved water quality. Such fuzzy controllers contain a number of parameters which are determined by a human expert. With this contribution, a dedicated multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is developed to optimize these parameters. The evolutionary algorithm is based on the successful strength pareto evolutionary algorithm 2 (SPEA2). The fuzzy control parameters, which are optimized are continuous parameters. Therefore, an evolution strategy was employed which uses the multi-objective ranking as used by the SPEA2 algorithm. Optimal parameters were first evolved on simulated sewage treatment plants. One set of parameters was also tested on an actual plant. Owing to the enormous computational demands of simulating a sewage treatment plant, it is only possible to work with small population sizes. Nevertheless, it was possible to evolve parameters which were equally well as those found by a human expert indicating that the parameter tuning can be automized.
The UBE2E Proteins as Conjugating Dispersers: Extending Function with Extended Extensions (2013)

In this issue of the Journal of Molecular Biology, Schumacher et al. investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of the members of Class II ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) to catalyze the formation of polyubiquitin chains [1]. In addition to the highly conserved catalytic domain (the core ubiquitin-conjugating domain, UBC, of ~150 residues), the human UBE2E proteins studied here contain N-terminal intrinsically disordered (ID) extensions of different lengths [2]. The authors suggest that these extended extensions are a key for extending the E2 functionality. The impact of this important observation goes far beyond the understanding of how the ubiquitination machinery acts, since (a) it argues that studying the intact proteins, not just their core catalytic domains, is important for complete understanding of protein functionality, and (b) it provides new clues on how the protein functionality can be controlled and modulated via non-catalytic and therefore seemingly useless extended extensions, ID regions. A brief description of what is extended (i.e., a short description of the protein intrinsic disorder phenomenon with the focus on disordered tails) from what (i.e., an overview of the ubiquitination machinery with the focus on UBE2E proteins) is given below to help better appreciate the importance of these conclusions. The last decade and a half witnessed an increased recognition that a biologically active protein is not obligated to possess a unique three-dimensional structure as a whole or in part and that many biologically important functions may originate from the lack of ordered structure in a protein molecule [3– 6], and these functions are complementary to the functions of ordered proteins [3,7–9]. Such structureless functional proteins andprotein domainsare known
Nowcasting algorithm for wind fields using ensemble forecasting and aircraft flight data (2017)

ABSTRACT This study proposes an algorithm that combines ensemble numerical weather‐prediction model data and aircraft flight data in a wind nowcasting system for safe and efficient aircraft operation. It uses an ensemble‐weighted average method based on sequential importance sampling (SIS), which is a particle filter method for forecasting the wind field in real time. SIS is applied to the ensemble forecast data and control run data of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and United Kingdom Met Office (UKMO) for the two case studies that use flight data from 72 commercial aircraft flights. The results show that SIS can forecast better than the other four methods: direct ensemble average (DEA), elite strategy (ES), and selective ensemble average (SEAV) and weighted average (SEWE), with average improvements in forecast performance of about 10–15%, even at 300 min ahead. In addition, the overall forecast performance between the forecast wind and observation of the radiosonde of SIS was slightly better than DEA. In both cases, the forecast performance was significantly improved on points along the flight path of the aircraft used for this study. Case analyses and the impact of differences in the hyper‐parameters of SIS on forecast performance are also presented in this study.
Nanosized CuO Particles via a Supramolecular Strategy (2006)

Uniform cupric oxide nanoparticles have been prepared for the first time via a novel supramolecular complex (see image, left) by thermal decomposition, in which cucurbit[7]uril was selected to encapsulate copper acetate, which acts as the precursor for the CuO nanoparticles (right). The procedure affords particles with a narrow size distribution and of very small diameter (≈5 nm). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2006/z500454_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Deep learning based bladder cancer treatment response assessment (2019)

We compared the performance of different Deep Learning - Convolutional Neural Network (DL-CNN) models for bladder cancer treatment response assessment based on transfer learning by freezing different DL-CNN layers and variation of the DL-CNN structure. Pre- and post-treatment CT scans of 123 patients (129 cancers, 158 pre- and posttreatment cancer pairs) undergoing chemotherapy were collected. 33% of patients had T0 stage cancer (complete response) after chemotherapy. Regions of interest (ROIs) of pre- and post-treatment scans were extracted from the segmented lesions and combined into hybrid pre-post image pairs. The dataset was split into training (94 pairs and 6209 hybrid ROIs), validation (10 pairs) and test sets (54 pairs). The DL-CNN consists of 2 convolution (C1, C2), 2 locally connected (L1, L2), and 1 fully connected layers, implemented in TensorFlow. The DL-CNN was trained to classify the bladder cancers as fully responding (stage T0) or not fully responding to chemotherapy based on the hybrid ROIs. Two blinded radiologists provided an estimate of the likelihood of the lesion being stage T0 post-treatment by reading the pairs of pre- and post-treatment CT volumes. The test AUC was 0.73 for T0 prediction by the base DL-CNN structure with randomly initialized weights. The base DL-CNN structure with transfer learning pre-trained weights (no frozen layers) achieved a test AUC of 0.79. The test AUCs for 3 modified DL-CNN structures (different C1, C2 max pooling filter sizes, strides, and padding, with transfer learning) were 0.72, 0.86, and 0.69, respectively. For the base DL-CNN with (C1) frozen, (C1, C2) frozen, and (C1, C2, L3) frozen during transfer learning, the test AUCs were 0.81, 0.78, and 0.71, respectively. The radiologists’ AUCs were 0.76 and 0.77. The DL-CNN performed better with pre-trained than randomly initialized weights.
Eye Adaptation to Different Light Environments in Two Populations of Mysis relicta: A Comparative Study of Carotenoids and Retinoids (2010)

The content of carotenoids and retinoids was compared in the eyes of two Finnish populations of the opossum shrimp, Mysis relicta, which have been reproductively isolated for at least 9000 years: one from the deep, dark, Lake Pääjärvi, the other from the Baltic Sea (Pojoviken Bay). The eyes of the lake population (LP) are highly susceptible to light damage, while those of the sea population (SP) are more resistant. Carotenoids are known to act as antioxidants protecting cells against free radicals and reactive oxygen species; retinoids, on the contrary, may be phototoxic in certain conditions. Analyzed by spectrophotometry and HPLC, the carotenoid content was broadly similar in the eyes of the two populations as regards both total amount and relative proportions of more than 20 components. Noteworthy differences were found in only three of the major components, among these astaxanthin, which was two times higher in SP compared with LP. The most interesting finding was the 1.6-fold higher content of retinoids in LP compared with SP, with retinol as the dominant component (40% of total) in both populations. Retinol is a precursor of the visual-pigment chromophore retinal. The result is consistent with the idea that animals inhabiting extremely dim light environments, where very little photoregeneration of metarhodopsin to rhodopsin can occur, need a large store of chromophore (or precursors) for effective “dark” regeneration of visual pigment. We suggest that almost all the rhodopsin is then in the native state and massive pigment activation following exposure to stronger light may trigger photoreceptor damage. If such animals are handled without due light protection, e.g., when transferred to a new habitat or collected for biological experiments, their vision will be severely impaired.
Challenges for Software Engineering in Automation (2014)

This paper gives an introduction to the essential challenges of software engineering and requirements that software has to fulfill in the domain of automation. Besides, the functional characteristics, specific constraints and circumstances are considered for deriving requirements concerning usability, the technical process, the automation functions, used platform and the well-established models, which are described in detail. On the other hand, challenges result from the circumstances at different points in the single phases of the life cycle of the automated system. The requirements for life-cycle-management, tools and the changeability during runtime are described in detail.
Fouling behavior of wavy-patterned pore-filling membranes in reverse electrodialysis under natural seawater and sewage effluents (2022)

Abstract Reverse electrodialysis (RED) generates electricity from a mixture of seawater and river water. Herein, patterned membranes consisting of ultra-thin pore-filling membranes (16-μm thick) were used to determine whether the RED system operates steadily when using natural underground seawater and sewage effluent and if the membranes become polluted by various foulants. The flat stack performances, comprising flat membranes and woven-type spacers, were compared with those of the pattern stack, comprising patterned membranes with mirror-imaged wavy lines. The pattern stack clearly reduced the pressure drop and maintained the power within 40% of the initial value, and the flat stack significantly increased to 3 bar inside the sewage effluent and decreased the power to 20% of the initial value. Both anion and cation exchange-surface membranes showed organic fouling and scaling, with more significant fouling in the flat stack. The patterned membranes used here provide a powerful solution to reduce fouling inside RED stacks.
A solvatochromic method for determining second-order polarizabilities of organic molecules (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA solvatochromic method for determining second-order polarizabilities of organic moleculesM. S. Paley, J. M. Harris, H. Looser, J. C. Baumert, G. C. Bjorklund, D. Jundt, and R. J. TwiegCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 16, 3774–3778Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00277a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00277a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views629Altmetric-Citations182LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation by Chemical Manganese Dioxide. Part 2. Simple and High‐Yielding Synthesis of Symmetrical Disulfides via the Oxidative Coupling of Thiols. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of Olefin Templates in Queued Chemical Transformations Using Late Transition Metal Catalysis. Total Synthesis of <i>cis</i> and <i>trans </i>Bupleurynol via a Single Multireaction Sequence (2004)

1-Bromo-2-iodoethylene (9) was used as a central, pseudosymmetric building block for the fully convergent and modular synthesis of two related natural products, cis (1a) and trans (1b) bupleurynol. In doing so, a 9-step synthesis of 1a (reported previously) has been vastly truncated to one single operation by using queued cross-coupling reactions with Pd catalysis, negating the need for any protecting group chemistry.
Emissions Reductions as a Result of Automobile Improvement (2003)

Remote sensing of light duty vehicle on-road tailpipe exhaust has been used to measure on-road mass emissions of automobile fleets in Denver for 13 years and in two other U.S. cities for 5 years. Analysis of these fleets shows that newer automobiles, during a period of fairly constant new car standards, have become continually less polluting independent of measurement location. Improving emissions control technology spurred by federal regulations is thought to have brought about these trends.
Laser remote sensing of natural water organics (1991)

Experimental results on remote sea sensing from a research vessel by wavelength tunable lidar with a multichannel optical detector are given. The performances of the spectral signatures method for diagnostics of water media containing phytoplankton pigments, dissolved organics, oil pollutants at low concentration levels, etc., are discussed.