gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of high-frequency induction heating including temperature dependence of material characteristics (1995)

We have carried out a numerical analysis of the magnetic field on high-frequency induction heating. This analysis includes the dependence of various magnetic properties on temperature. The required characteristics are obtained experimentally. We compare the experimental results with the theoretical values obtained by approximations. Until now, the current density inside the exciting coil on this kind of problem has been assumed to be uniform, which is different from actual phenomena. We propose a new method which takes the inhomogeneous distribution of exciting current into account. In this analysis, the eddy current of the exciting coil is also taken into account.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel Hybrid Market Price Forecasting Method With Data Clustering Techniques for EV Charging Station Application (2014)

In addition to providing charging service, an electric vehicle charging station equipped with a distributed energy storage system can also participate in the deregulated market to optimize the cost of operation. To support this function, it is necessary to achieve sufficient accuracy on the forecasting of energy resources and market prices. The deregulated market price prediction presents challenges since the occurrence and magnitude of the price spikes are difficult to estimate. This paper proposes a hybrid method for very short term market price forecasting to improve prediction accuracy on both nonspike and spike wholesale market prices. First, support vector classification is carried out to predict spike price occurrence, and support vector regression is used to forecast the magnitude for both nonspike and spike market prices. Additionally, three clustering techniques including classification and regression trees, K-means, and stratification methods are introduced to mitigate high error spike magnitude estimation. The performance of the proposed hybrid method is validated with the Electric Reliability Commission of Texas wholesale market price. The results from the proposed method show a significant improvement over typical approaches.
Characterization of Two <i>Paenibacillus amylolyticus</i> Strain 27C64 Pectate Lyases with Activity on Highly Methylated Pectin (2010)

Two pectate lyases were identified from Paenibacillus amylolyticus 27C64; both enzymes demonstrated activity on methylated pectin in addition to polygalacturonic acid. PelA is in a subclass of the pectate lyase family III. PelB shows some features of pectate lyase family I but is highly divergent.
Insulin resistance is associated with reductions in specific cognitive domains and increases in CSF tau in cognitively normal adults (2017)

Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of developing dementia. Experimental evidence from mouse models demonstrates that the induction of T2D/insulin resistance (IR) can promote the accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological features. However, the association of T2D with pathological and clinical phenotypes in humans is unclear. Here we investigate the relationship of indices of IR (HOMA-IR) and pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA-B) with cognitive performance across several domains (Verbal/Visual Episodic Memory, Executive Function, Language and a measure of Global cognition) and AD biomarkers (CSF Aβ42, T-tau/P-tau, hippocampal volume and neocortical Aβ-amyloid burden). We reveal that HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) incrementally increases across diagnostic groups, becoming significantly elevated in the AD group compared with cognitively normal (CN) adults. In CN adults, higher HOMA-IR was associated with poorer performance on measures of verbal episodic memory (p = 0.010), executive function (p = 0.046) and global cognition (p = 0.007), as well as with higher CSF T-tau (p = 0.008) and P-tau (p = 0.014) levels. No association was observed with CSF Aβ or imaging modalities. Together our data suggest that IR may contribute to reduced cognitive performance and the accumulation of CSF tau biomarkers in cognitively normal adults.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 9 from AIB1:ERα Transcriptional Activity Is Selectively Enhanced in Aromatase Inhibitor–Resistant Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 320KB, Supplementary Figures 1-9 Supplementary Figure 1: Expression levels of aromatase in our cell lines and aromatase activity assay Supplementary Figure 2: Proliferation of Aro and LetR in response to treatment Supplementary Figure 3: Kaplan Meier estimates of disease free survival in the entire ER positive population Supplementary Figure 4:Interactions between ERalpha and AIB1 in letrozole sensitive Aro cells Supplementary Figure 5: Analysis of protein levels in Anastrozole resistant cell line (ANAR) Supplementary Figure 6: ChiP showing recruitment of ERalpha and AIB1 to distal region promoters Supplementary Figure 7: Basal protein levels of Myc and cyclinD1 protein and basal mRNA levels of pS2 Supplementary Figure 8:Effect of Lapatinib treatment on pS2 and Myc mRNA levels Supplementary Figure 9: Pathway analysis of ERalpha-AIB1 target genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Solution conformation of endothelin and point mutants by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1992)

Two-dimensional NMR techniques were utilized to determine the secondary structural elements of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, and two of its point mutants, Met-7 to Ala-7 (ETM7A), and Asp-8 to Ala-8 (ETD8A) in acetic acid-d3/water solution. Sequence specific NMR assignments were determined for all three peptides, as well as chemical shifts and NOE connectivity patterns. The chemical shifts of ET-1 and ETM7A are identical (+/- 0.05 ppm) except for the site of substitution, whereas marked shift changes were detected between ET-1 and ETD8A. These chemical shift differences imply that the Asp-8 to Ala-8 mutation has induced a conformational change relative to the parent conformation. All three molecules show the same basic nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) pattern, which suggests that the gross conformation of all three molecules is the same. Small changes in sequential NOE intensities and changes in medium-range NOE patterns indicate that there are subtle conformational differences between ET-1 and ETD8A.
Overview of the DC Power Conversion and Distribution (2008)

Author name used in this publication: K. W. E. Cheng
Effect of Chloride Concentration on Copper Deposition in Through Silicon Vias (2019)

Bottom-up Cu deposition in metallized through silicon vias (TSV) depends on a co-adsorbed polyether-Cl<sup>-</sup> suppressor layer that selectively breaks down within recessed surface features. This work explores Cu deposition when formation of the suppressor blocking layer is limited by the flux of Cl<sup>-</sup>. This constraint leads to a transition from passive surfaces to active deposition partway down the via sidewall due to coupling between suppressor formation and breakdown as well as surface topography. The impact of Cl<sup>-</sup> concentration and hydrodynamics on the formation of the suppressor surface phase and its potential-dependent breakdown is examined. The onset of suppression breakdown is related to the local Cl<sup>-</sup> coverage as determined by the adsorption isotherm or transport limited flux. A two-additive co-adsorption model is presented that correlates the voltammetric potential of suppression breakdown with the depth of the passive-active transition during TSV filling under conditions of transport limited flux and incorporation of Cl<sup>-</sup>. The utility of potential waveforms to optimize the feature filling process is demonstrated. At higher Cl<sup>-</sup> concentrations (≥80 μmol/L), sidewall breakdown during Cu deposition occurs near the bottom of the via followed by a shift to bottom-up growth like that seen at higher Cl<sup>-</sup> concentrations.
Estimation of soil permittivity through autoregressive modeling of time-domain ground-penetrating radar data (2010)

Recent advances in context-dependent processing for vehicle-based route clearance suggest that information regarding the environmental context associated with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data can potentially be exploited to improve target detection performance. In this work, a statistical approach to estimating soil permittivity (dielectric constant) from raw time-domain data is presented as an alternative to electromagnetic model inversion. First, a large set of GPR data was simulated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling over a heterogeneous subsurface with a rough air/ground interface. Physics-based features were then extracted from the simulated data through autoregressive (AR) modeling of B-scan time slices. A linear least-squares regression model was applied to the features, and experimental results indicate that the dielectric constant of the base soil can be accurately predicted by the regression model. This approach has several advantages over model inversion techniques for estimating soil permittivity, since it is causal, computationally efficient, and does not require an analytical electromagnetic model a priori.
Replication factories and nuclear bodies: the ultrastructural characterization of replication sites during the cell cycle (1994)

Sites of replication in synchronized HeLa cells were visualized by light and electron microscopy; cells were permeabilized and incubated with biotin-16-dUTP, and incorporation sites were immunolabelled. Electron microscopy of thick resinless sections from which approximately 90% chromatin had been removed showed that most DNA synthesis occurs in specific dense structures (replication factories) attached to a diffuse nucleoskeleton. These factories appear at the end of G1-phase and quickly become active; as S-phase progresses, they increase in size and decrease in number like sites of incorporation seen by light microscopy. Electron microscopy of conventional thin sections proved that these factories are a subset of nuclear bodies; they changed in the same characteristic way and contained DNA polymerase alpha and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. As replication factories can be observed and labelled in non-permeabilized cells, they cannot be aggregation artifacts. Some replication occurs outside factories at discrete sites on the diffuse skeleton; it becomes significant by mid S-phase and later becomes concentrated beneath the lamina.
Expanding the chemical scope of RNA:methyltransferases to site-specific alkynylation of RNA for click labeling (2010)

This work identifies the combination of enzymatic transfer and click labeling as an efficient method for the site-specific tagging of RNA molecules for biophysical studies. A double-activated analog of the ubiquitous co-substrate S-adenosyl-l-methionine was employed to enzymatically transfer a five carbon chain containing a terminal alkynyl moiety onto RNA. The tRNA:methyltransferase Trm1 transferred the extended alkynyl moiety to its natural target, the N2 of guanosine 26 in tRNA(Phe). LC/MS and LC/MS/MS techniques were used to detect and characterize the modified nucleoside as well as its cycloaddition product with a fluorescent azide. The latter resulted from a labeling reaction via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition click chemistry, producing site-specifically labeled RNA whose suitability for single molecule fluorescence experiments was verified in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments.
Inhibition of PDE5A1 guanosine cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysing activity by sildenafil analogues that inhibit cellular cGMP efflux (2017)

Abstract Objectives To determine the ability of 11 sildenafil analogues to discriminate between cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (cnPDEs) and to characterise their inhibitory potencies (Ki values) of PDE5A1-dependent guanosine cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis. Methods Sildenafil analogues were identified by virtual ligand screening (VLS) and screened for their ability to inhibit adenosine cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) hydrolysis by PDE1A1, PDE1B1, PDE2A1, PDE3A, PDE10A1 and PDE10A2, and cGMP hydrolysis by PDE5A, PDE6C, PDE9A2 for a low (1 nm) and high concentration (10 μm). Complete IC50 plots for all analogues were performed for PDE5A-dependent cGMP hydrolysis. Docking studies and scoring were made using the ICM molecular modelling software. Key findings The analogues in a low concentration showed no or low inhibition of PDE1A1, PDE1B1, PDE2A1, PDE3A, PDE10A1 and PDE10A2. In contrast, PDE5A and PDE6C were markedly inhibited to a similar extent by the analogues in a low concentration, whereas PDE9A2 was much less inhibited. The analogues showed a relative narrow range of Ki values for PDE5A inhibition (1.2–14 nm). The sildenafil molecule was docked in the structure of PDE5A1 co-crystallised with sildenafil. All the analogues had similar binding poses as sildenafil. Conclusions Sildenafil analogues that inhibit cellular cGMP efflux are potent inhibitors of PDE5A and PDE6C.
Abstract 039: Hybrid Intrinsic Frequency Machine Learning Approach For Calculation Of Total Arterial Compliance And Aortic Characteristic Impedance From A Single Carotid Waveform In Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2022)

Introduction: Previous studies demonstrated that heat failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by abnormal arterial function and left ventricle (LV)-arterial coupling. Aortic characteristic impedance (Zc) and total arterial compliance (TAC) are well-established biomarkers for quantification of the arterial function. However, the routine clinical use of these biomarkers requires both pressure and flow measurements. Intrinsic Frequency (IF) method is a novel system-based mathematical approach for the analysis of the cardiovascular dynamics that can predict HF events (Cooper et al. Hypertension, 2021 PMID: 33390053). We hypothesized that a hybrid IF-machine learning (ML) approach can compute TAC and Zc from a noninvasive carotid waveform. Method: We used data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (n=6168). The reference values of Zc and TAC were computed from carotid pressure and aortic flow waveforms. IF parameters of carotid pressure waveform were used in a fully connected feed-forward neural network model. The model was trained/validated/tested on 80% of randomly selected data from all FHS data. The final model was tested on the remaining 20% of the data blinded to all stages of ML development. Result: In blind test set data, our IF-ML models showed correlations of r=0.89 and r=0.79 with the reference value of TAC and Zc, respectively (Fig 1). More importantly, the TAC and Zc from our IF-ML models showed strong correlations among HFpEF patients (r=0.9 and r=0.77 respectively) (Fig.1) Conclusion: Since IFs can be measured noninvasively (e.g. an iPhone), this method can be used to facilitate routine and noninvasive evaluation of TAC and Zc in HFpEF.
Effects of combined treatment with ibandronate and pulsed electromagnetic field on ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis in rats (2016)

Ibandronate (IBN) and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) have each shown positive effects for treating osteoporosis, but no study has evaluated the relative effects of these treatments combined. This study investigated the effects of IBN + PEMF on bone turnover, mineral density, microarchitecture, and biomechanical properties in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. Fifty 3-month-old rats were randomly apportioned to receive a sham-operation (n = 10), or ovariectomy (n = 40). The latter group was equally divided as the model (OVX control) or to receive IBN, PEMF, or IBN + PEMF. Beginning the day after surgery, the IBN and IBN + PEMF groups received weekly subcutaneous IBN; the PEMF and IBN + PEMF groups were given daily PEMF during the same 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of treatments, biochemical parameters, bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture parameters, biomechanical properties, and some metabolic modulators that are involved in bone resorption were compared. The L5 lumbar vertebral body BMDs of the IBN, PEMF, and IBN + PEMF groups were 121.6%, 119.5%, and 139.6%; maximum loads were 111.4%, 112.7%, and 121.9%; and energy to failure was 130.8%, 129.2%, and 154.9% of the OVX model, respectively. The IBN + PEMF group had significantly lower levels of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, and greater improvement in BMD, bone microarchitecture, and strength of the lumbar spine compared with monotherapy groups. Results showed that IBN + PEMF had a more favorable effect on the lumbar spine in this osteoporosis model than did either monotherapy. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:31-40, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Identification of neuronal RNA targets of TDP-43-containing ribonucleoprotein complexes. (2011)

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is associated with a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Although TDP-43 resembles heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, its RNA targets and physiological protein partners remain unknown. Here we identify RNA targets of TDP-43 from cortical neurons by RNA immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (RIP-seq). The canonical TDP-43 binding site (TG)(n) is 55.1-fold enriched, and moreover, a variant with adenine in the middle, (TG)(n)TA(TG)(m), is highly abundant among reads in our TDP-43 RIP-seq library. TDP-43 RNA targets can be divided into three different groups: those primarily binding in introns, in exons, and across both introns and exons. TDP-43 RNA targets are particularly enriched for Gene Ontology terms related to synaptic function, RNA metabolism, and neuronal development. Furthermore, TDP-43 binds to a number of RNAs encoding for proteins implicated in neurodegeneration, including TDP-43 itself, FUS/TLS, progranulin, Tau, and ataxin 1 and -2. We also identify 25 proteins that co-purify with TDP-43 from rodent brain nuclear extracts. Prominent among them are nuclear proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing and RNA stability and transport. Also notable are two neuron-enriched proteins, methyl CpG-binding protein 2 and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2). A PTBP2 consensus RNA binding motif is enriched in the TDP-43 RIP-seq library, suggesting that PTBP2 may co-regulate TDP-43 RNA targets. This work thus reveals the protein and RNA components of the TDP-43-containing ribonucleoprotein complexes and provides a framework for understanding how dysregulation of TDP-43 in RNA metabolism contributes to neurodegeneration. PMID: 21051541 Funding information This work was supported by: NIA NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AG023104 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 NS055077 NIA NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AG029547 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 HL063762 NIA NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AG023104 NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HG004233 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 NS007480 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 HG004233 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Molecular Platform for Fast Low-Voltage Nanoelectromechanical Switching (2021)

The use of molecules as active components to build nanometer-scale devices inspires emerging device concepts that employ the intrinsic functionality of molecules to address longstanding challenges facing nanoelectronics. Using molecules as controllable-length nanosprings, here we report the design and operation of a nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switch which overcomes the typical challenges of high actuation voltages and slow switching speeds for previous NEM technologies. Our NEM switches are hierarchically assembled using a molecular spacer layer sandwiched between atomically smooth electrodes, which defines a nanometer-scale electrode gap and can be electrostatically compressed to repeatedly modulate the tunneling current. The molecular layer and the top electrode structure serve as two degrees of design freedom with which to independently tailor static and dynamic device characteristics, enabling simultaneous low turn-on voltages (sub-3 V) and short switching delays (2 ns). This molecular platform with inherent nanoscale modularity provides a versatile strategy for engineering diverse high-performance and energy-efficient electromechanical devices.
Scatterometry measurement of nested lines, dual space, and rectangular contact CD on phase-shift masks (2007)

Evaluation of lithography process or stepper involves very large quantity of CD measurements and measurement time. In this paper, we report on a application of Scatterometry based metrology for evaluation of binary photomask lithography. Measurements were made on mask level with ODP scatterometer then on wafer with CD-SEM. 4 to 1 scaling from mask to wafer means 60nm line on wafer translates to 240nm on mask, easily measurable on ODP. Calculation of scatterometer profile information was performed by a in-situ library-based analysis (5sec/site). We characterized the CD uniformity, linearity, and metal film thickness uniformity. Results show that linearity measured from fixed-pitch, varying line/space ratio targets show good correlation to top-down CD-SEM with R<sup>2</sup> of more than 0.99. ODP-SEM correlation results for variable pitch shows that careful examination of scatterometer profile results in order to obtain better correlation to CD SEM, since both tools react differently to the target profile variation. ODP results show that global CD distribution is clearly measurable with less outliers compared to CD SEM data. This is thought to be due to 'averaging' effect of scatterometer. The data show that Scatterometry provides a nondestructive and faster mean of characterizing lithography stepper performanceprofiles. APSM 1st level (before Cr removal) 'dual-space' CDs and EPSM rectangular contacts were also measured with and results demonstrates that Scatterometer is capable of measuring these targets with reasonable correlation to SEM.