gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of out-of-plane magnetized Co/Pt multilayers with resistive buffer layers (2011)

Ta oxide (TaOx) is investigated as a resistive buffer layer for the growth of high-quality Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The Pt/(Co/Pt)3 films grown on TaOx buffer layers exhibit stronger PMA than those grown on Pt buffer layers, and are of comparable quality to films grown on metallic Ta. The optimized multilayers with TaOx buffer layers remain out-of-plane magnetized for Co layer thicknesses up to 10 Å without introducing a metallic current-shunting path, making these films attractive for spintronic devices using spin-polarized current.
Quantum Chaos and Quantum-Classical Correspondence (2002)

The quantum dynamics of a classically chaotic model are studied in the approach to the macroscopic limit. The quantum predictions are compared and contrasted with the classical predictions of both Newtonian and Liouville mechanics. The time-domain scaling of the optimal quantum-classical correspondence is analyzed in detail in the case of both classical theories. In both cases the correspondence for observable quantities is shown to break down on a time-scale that increases very slowly (logarithmically) with increasing system size. In the case of quantum-Liouville correspondence such a short time-scale does not imply a breakdown of correspondence since the largest quantum-Liouville differences reached on this time-scale decrease rapidly (as an inverse power) with increasing system size. Therefore the statistical properties of chaotic dynamics are, as expected, well described by quantum theory in the macroscopic limit. In contrast, the largest quantum-Newtonian differences reached on the log time-scale actually increase in proportion to the system size. Since the invariance properties of the Hamiltonian impose functional constraints on the time-varying chaotic coordinates, it is possible to show, moreover, that if the quantum predictions are believed to describe the coordinates of individual chaotic systems, then they also predict macroscopic violations of any kinematic or dynamic constants of the motion. These results for chaotic systems indicate that a valid description of the time-varying properties of individual macroscopic bodies is not available within the standard interpretive framework of quantum theory.
Quantum Mechanical Computations and Microkinetic Modeling to Obtain Mechanism and Kinetics of Oxidative Degradation of a Polyimide (2015)

Improving the high‐temperature long‐term thermo‐oxidative stability of high‐performance polymers is crucial for their applications in aerospace industry. For designing novel polymers with improved oxidative stability, it is vital to identify the most reactive moiety of the polyimide toward oxidation and understand the mechanism of oxidation. Quantum chemical calculations and microkinetic analysis have been carried out here to obtain the molecular level details of the oxidative degradation of a commercially important polyimide, PMR‐15, at high temperatures. This study identifies the most vulnerable moiety of PMR‐15 toward oxidation. Moreover, the rate‐determining step in the oxidative degradation is also scrutinized. Mechanistic understanding of the reaction leads us to propose new modifications of PMR‐15 with a better thermo‐oxidative stability.
How level of explanation detail affects human performance in interpretable intelligent systems: A study on explainable fact checking (2021)

Abstract Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) systems aim to provide users with information to help them better understand computational models and reason about why outputs were generated. However, there are many different ways an XAI interface might present explanations, which makes designing an appropriate and effective interface an important and challenging task. Our work investigates how different types and amounts of explanatory information affect user ability to utilize explanations to understand system behavior and improve task performance. The presented research employs a system for detecting the truthfulness of news statements. In a controlled experiment, participants were tasked with using the system to assess news statements as well as to learn to predict the output of the AI. Our experiment compares various levels of explanatory information to contribute empirical data about how explanation detail can influence utility. The results show that more explanation information improves participant understanding of AI models, but the benefits come at the cost of time and attention needed to make sense of the explanation.
Architecture and performance of 3-dimensional SOI circuits (2003)

In this paper, potential three-dimensional SOI CMOS VLSI circuit structures are laid out. Chip area, layout complexities, process costs, and impact on circuit performance are compared and discussed.
TG and TnonG lymphocyte involvement in the proliferative response to PHA. I. Reactivity and regulatory functions of TG and TnonG subsets in the proliferative response of T lymphocytes. (1987)

Both TG and TnonG subpopulations from human peripheral blood were found to secrete helper and suppressor factors for the PHA-induced T cell proliferative response. The TnonG subpopulation contained cells which were both able to secrete helper factor and to respond by proliferation, whereas in the TG subpopulation cells with a proliferative potential could not be conclusively demonstrated. Suppressor and helper activities in TG and TnonG culture supernatants displayed a different time kinetics and were influenced by the dose of mitogen in test cultures.
Planning Using Actions with Control Parameters (2016)

Although PDDL is an expressive modelling language, a significant limitation is imposed on the structure of actions: the parameters of actions are restricted to values from finite (in fact, explicitly enumerated) domains. There is one exception to this, introduced in PDDL2.1, which is that durative actions may have durations that are chosen (possibly subject to explicit constraints in the action models) by the planner. A motivation for this limitation is that it ensures that the set of grounded actions is finite and, ignoring duration, the branching factor of action choices at a state is therefore finite. Although the duration parameter can make this choice infinite, very few planners support this possibility, but restrict themselves to durative actions with fixed durations. In this paper we motivate a proposed extension to PDDL to allow actions with infinite domain parameters, which we call control parameters. We illustrate reasons for using this modelling feature and then describe a planning approach that can handle domains that exploit it, implemented in a new planner, POPCORN (Partial-Order Planning with Constrained Real Numerics). We show that this approach scales to solve interesting problems.
Quasiperiodic Photonic and Phononic Crystals (2007)

The main advantage of quasiperiodicity for the design of photonic and phononic crystals is the arbitrarily high rotational symmetry, which can be achieved without sacrificing a discrete Fourier (Bragg) spectrum. Consequently, the degree of isotropy can be arbitrarily increased leading to omnidirectional bandgaps. These are important for most applications as for instance wave-guides or -shields.
Supplementary Table 4 from Molecular Ontogeny of Donor-Derived Follicular Lymphomas Occurring after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 290K&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of strong gravity on Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x superconductor (2010)

Beginning with homogeneous samples of the superconducting phase Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x (Y123), we examined changes in structure and composition under a strong gravitational field and temperatures remarkably lower than the Y123 melting point. We observed essentially two-layers with different compositions caused by sedimentation of atoms. The layer exposed to the stronger gravitational field is composed of an Y123 phase that has a smaller unit cell volume compared with the initial sample, green, transparent, large single crystals of Y211, and a BaCuO2 phase. Despite the remarkably lower temperature, compositional and structural changes in addition to decomposition were found. The unit cell volume of the Y211 phase was larger than previously indicated by synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Refinement of the Y211 structure from the XRD data also showed that these crystals are very perfect due to a very high extinction coefficient 0.7(9)×10−6 and symmetrical arrangement compared with the superconducting phase Y123 crystal structure. The study provides evidence that strong gravitational fields can be applied to produce new materials at temperatures much below their melting points.
Development of An Innovative Breakwater Armour Unit (2003)

A new interlocking breakwater armour unit has been developed by Delta Marine Consultants during the past two years. The development is based on extensive review of existing breakwater armour concepts, consulting of contractors and designers, desk studies and physical model tests. A randomly placed single layer interlocking armour unit turned out to be the best technique for breakwater protection under severe environmental conditions. The new armour unit is called Xbloc and has a simple, bulky shape. Hydraulic model tests (2-D and 3-D), a numerical structural strength analysis (FE calculations) and prototype drop test have been performed. The test results demonstrated the large hydraulic stability and the easily achieved interlocking (automatic interlocking) of the Xbloc as well as its very high structural stability. Therefore the Xbloc is a promising alternative for conventional single layer armour units. Significant cost savings can be achieved due to easy fabrication, fast placement and low concrete demand.
Identification of a Malate Chemoreceptor in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by Screening for Chemotaxis Defects in an Energy Taxis-Deficient Mutant (2007)

We found that a robust energy taxis response mediated by the Aer receptor can sometimes mask chemotaxis mediated by other methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We identified PA2652 as a chemoreceptor for malate by screening aer mcp double mutants by using swarm plate assays.
Protecting Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide on Lymphocytes Against Metal Toxicity (1992)

The hormonal neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), were investigated for a potential protective effect on thymocytes after a toxic dose of nickel sulfate, giving an inhibition of DNA synthesis. There was a statistically significant increase in the synthesis of DNA from the level caused by nickel sulfate, with VIP, 10(-4)-10(-5) mol/l, while the slightly stimulating effects obtained with CGRP, CCK and NPY, were statistically non-significant. This indicates that VIP, at least as pharmacological concentrations, might have protective effects on lymphocytes against metal toxicity.
Substance P levels in experimental ileitis in guinea pigs: effects of misoprostol (1993)

Substance P, a neuropeptide mediator of inflammation, was quantified during the evolution of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ileitis in guinea pigs. Ileitis was induced by a single intraluminal injection of TNBS (30 mg/kg in 50% ethanol). Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue, was administered parenterally (30 mg/kg sc twice daily) in a group of TNBS-treated animals. Control guinea pigs received intraluminal saline (sham) or 50% ethanol (TNBS vehicle). Guinea pigs were evaluated at day 1, 3, 7, 14, or 30 after ileitis induction for substance P content (radioimmunoassay) and distribution (immunohistochemistry), morphology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and protein leak into the gut lumen. TNBS administration caused an increase in ileal MPO activity that peaked at day 7 and increased mucosal leak of protein. Misoprostol attenuated the granulocyte infiltration (MPO) response to TNBS but exacerbated the mucosal leak of protein. Substance P levels in whole ileal segments were unaltered from baseline on day 1 in all groups. On day 3 a marked decrease in ileal substance P content was evident in the TNBS and TNBS + misoprostol groups. As early as day 1, immunohistochemistry suggested that the decreased substance P content was confined to the mucosa and submucosa, because myenteric plexus staining was not reduced. Loss of staining in the perivascular nerves was particularly marked. Substance P content and distribution returned to baseline by day 30 post-TNBS, although MPO activity remained slightly elevated. We concluded that TNBS ileitis is associated with a marked reduction in mucosal and submucosal substance P content in parallel with the inflammatory response. Although misoprostol attenuated granulocyte infiltration in this model, it did not prevent the disturbances in enteric substance P or mucosal protein leak.
AtomNAS: Fine-Grained End-to-End Neural Architecture Search (2019)

Search space design is very critical to neural architecture search (NAS) algorithms. We propose a fine-grained search space comprised of atomic blocks, a minimal search unit that is much smaller than the ones used in recent NAS algorithms. This search space allows a mix of operations by composing different types of atomic blocks, while the search space in previous methods only allows homogeneous operations. Based on this search space, we propose a resource-aware architecture search framework which automatically assigns the computational resources (e.g., output channel numbers) for each operation by jointly considering the performance and the computational cost. In addition, to accelerate the search process, we propose a dynamic network shrinkage technique which prunes the atomic blocks with negligible influence on outputs on the fly. Instead of a search-and-retrain two-stage paradigm, our method simultaneously searches and trains the target architecture. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance under several FLOPs configurations on ImageNet with a small searching cost. We open our entire codebase at: https://github.com/meijieru/AtomNAS.
Brainy Home: A Virtual Smart Home and Wheelchair Control Application Powered by Brain Computer Interface (2022)

In recent years, smart home applications have become imperative to improve the life quality of people, especially for those with motor disabilities. While the smart home applications are controlled with interaction tools such as mobile phones, voice commands, and hand gestures, these may not be appropriate for people with severe disabilities that impacts their motor functions, for instance locked-in-syndrome (LIS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebral palsy, stroke, etc. In this research, we have developed a smart home and wheelchair control application in a virtual environment, which is controlled solely by the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain computer interface (BCI) system. It is a relatively low cost, easy to setup wireless communication protocol, which offers high accuracy. The system has been tested on 15 healthy subjects and the preliminary results comprehensively show that all the subjects completed the device interaction tasks with approximat (More)
Fragment-based discovery of the first nonpeptidyl inhibitor of an S46 family peptidase (2019)

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public threat and raises the need for development of new antibiotics with a novel mode of action. The dipeptidyl peptidase 11 from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgDPP11) belongs to a new class of serine peptidases, family S46. Because S46 peptidases are not found in mammals, these enzymes are attractive targets for novel antibiotics. However, potent and selective inhibitors of these peptidases have not been developed to date. In this study, a high-resolution crystal structure analysis of PgDPP11 using a space-grown crystal enabled us to identify the binding of citrate ion, which could be regarded as a lead fragment mimicking the binding of a substrate peptide with acidic amino acids, in the S1 subsite. The citrate-based pharmacophore was utilized for in silico inhibitor screening. The screening resulted in an active compound SH-5, the first nonpeptidyl inhibitor of S46 peptidases. SH-5 and a lipophilic analog of SH-5 showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect against the growth of P. gingivalis. The binding mode of SH-5 was confirmed by crystal structure analysis. Thus, these compounds could be lead structures for the development of selective inhibitors of PgDPP11.
Al_xGa_1-xAs nested waveguide heterostructures for continuously phase-matched terahertz difference frequency generation (2010)

We previously demonstrated a nested pair of single mode (pump/THz) waveguides which produced guided far-infrared (1.3 THz) light with a record power-normalized conversion efficiency of 1.3x10(-7) W(-1) by way of continuous phase matched difference frequency generation (DFG) [Opt. Express 16, 13296 (2008)]. Using the same numerical simulation tools we used to design and model this LiNbO(3)-based device, we show that a lattice-matched AlGaAs heterostructure, with its significantly lower absorption losses, can produce guided far-infrared light (3.5 THz) with a power-normalized conversion efficiency of 1.3 x 10(-5) W(-1) - some 100 times larger than achieved with the LiNbO(3) structure.
Large Scale Energy Storage Using MW-Size PEM Electrolysis (2014)

With the ever-increasing addition of wind and solar renewable energy to the traditional electric grid, the need for energy storage also grows. A recent study projects the value of energy storage for wind and solar integration worldwide to exceed $30 Billion by 2023 [1]. Hydrogen from electrolysis is a promising technology for renewable energy capture as it has the capability to store massive amounts of energy in a relatively small volume. In addition, electrolysis can also provide ancillary services to the grid such as frequency regulation and load shifting resulting in multiple value streams. The hydrogen produced can alternatively be injected into the natural gas pipeline (thus making that energy carrier more green), in the production of high value chemicals such as ammonia, in upgrading of methanization-produced biogas, or used as a transportation fuel. Europe in particular has been committed to these pathways and making heavy investment in both materials research and system design and development as well as technology demonstration. In Germany, hydrogen is looked upon as a key part of the energy storage solution under “Energiewende,” their national sustainable energy transition plan. Hydrogen provides a unique link between the electric and gas grid infrastructures (often referred to as “Power-to-Gas”). Germany is also considered the global leader in biogas energy generation, with 18,244 GWh of generation in 2012 forecasted to grow to 28,265 GWh by 2025 [2]. Water electrolysis has benefits over other hydrogen generation technologies due to the lack of carbon footprint when integrated with a renewable source of energy. Specifically, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is a promising technology for hydrogen generation applications because of the lack of corrosive electrolytes, small footprint, and ability to generate at high pressure, requiring only water and an energy source. Several companies have already announced plans to develop megawatt (MW) commercial scale PEM electrolysis units in the 2014–2015 timeframe for these applications. There have also been recent announcements of large scale renewable energy storage project based on electrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi‐ and Polynuclear Phthalocyanines: Synthesis and Study of Physicochemical Properties (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 743: ABT-806-derived antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) inhibit growth of malignant mesothelioma <i>in vivo</i> (2018)

Abstract Introduction: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy of the pleura with limited therapeutic options, and is associated with a poor prognosis. EGFR is known to be highly over-expressed in mesothelioma with reported EGFR overexpression between 44 to 97%. We have developed an anti-EGFR antibody (ABT-806), which is tumour specific and robustly inhibits EGFR-expressing tumours. We aimed to establish the validity and feasibility of targeting tumour expressed EGFR in MM using ABT-806 novel ADCs (ABT-414 and ABBV-221). Methods: We evaluated EGFR and mAb 806 immunohistochemistry in 4 MM cell lines (MSTO-211H, NCI-H2052, NCI-H28, NCI-H2452) and performed in-vitro cell proliferation assays (CPA) to evaluate the antineoplastic potential of mAb806-related ADCs. In-vivo therapeutic studies using the biphasic mesothelioma cell line (MSTO-211H) were conducted with treatment groups involving ABT-414, ABBV-221, ADC control, cisplatin chemotherapy. We also performed quantitative biodistribution and imaging of mAb806 ADC uptake (89Zr mAb806 ADC) to allow correlation of mAb806 ADC concentration in tumours. Results: mAb806 elicited strong binding to three of four MM cell lines (MSTO-211H, NCI-H2052 and NCI-H28). CPAs also demonstrated ABT-414 and ABBV- 221 had significant cell growth inhibition demonstrated in the range between 1 to 10ug/ml for MM cell lines. In MSTO-211H xenograft model significant anti-tumour response to both ABT-414 and ABBV-221 (p&amp;lt;0.01), was demonstrated. High, specific targeting of 89Zr-ch806 to MM tumour in-vivo was also shown. Conclusion: ABT-806 ADCs show potent anti-tumour activity in MM model, and warrant further exploration as a potential therapy for MM. Citation Format: Puey Ling Chia, Diana Cao, Angela Rigopoulos, Hui Gan, Ed Reilly, Andrew Phillips, Thomas John, Andrew M. Scott. ABT-806-derived antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) inhibit growth of malignant mesothelioma in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 743.