gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HUMAN ENT1 IS PREDICTIVE OF RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC CANCER TREATED WITH GEMCITABINE (2007)

Background: Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) is responsible for gemcitabine transport into cells. Small retrospective studies in pancreatic cancer suggest that hENT1 tumor levels may have prognostic and predictive value. We studied hENT 1 protein expression in a cohort of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients from the RTOG 9704: a large prospective randomized adjuvant treatment trial. Methods: RTOG 9704 randomized 538 patients after surgical resection to treatment containing either 5-FU or gemcitabine. A tissue microarray was constructed using three separate cores from 225 resected pancreatic tumors from RTOG 9704. HENT1 Immunohistochemistry was performed and scored as having no staining, low staining or high staining (>50% cells positive) Associations between hENT1 protein expression, either dichotomized (no staining vs. low and high staining) or ungrouped (no staining vs. low vs high staining) with tumor demographic details and treatment outcome (overall survival and disease free survival), were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression analysis using the Chi-square test and the Cox proportional hazards model. Both treatment arms of the study were analyzed. Results: Of the 538 patients entered into RTOG 9704, 198 from both arms of the study were eligible and had analyzable hENT1. hENT1 expression was not associated with overall or disease-free survival in a univariate or multivariate model when evaluating patients treated with 5-FU alone and comparing the dichotomized hENT1 level variable (No staining vs. Low, High (>50%) and the ungrouped hENT1 level variable (No staining, Low and High (>50%).Of the 268 patients entered on the Gemcitabine arm, 91 were eligible and had analyzable hENT1. Univariate and multivariate analyses for hENT1 is shown in Table 1 (expressed as hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals).TABLE 1: hENT1 and Survival in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma treated with GemcitabineConclusion: In this prospective randomized trial, hENT1 protein expression is associated with a statistically significant improvement in overall survival and disease free survival in pancreatic cancer patients receiving gemcitabine, but not in those not receiving gemcitabine. This prospective data suggests that hENT1, a gemcitabine transporter, is a useful mechanistic predictive marker of response to gemcitabine in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Precise Stability Phase Transitions for $\ell_1$ Minimization: A Unified Geometric Framework (2011)

ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization is often used for recovering sparse signals from an under-determined linear system. In this paper, we focus on finding sharp performance bounds on recovering approximately sparse signals using ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization under noisy measurements. While the restricted isometry property is powerful for the analysis of recovering approximately sparse signals with noisy measurements, the known bounds on the achievable sparsity1 level can be quite loose. The neighborly polytope analysis which yields sharp bounds for perfectly sparse signals cannot be readily generalized to approximately sparse signals. We start from analyzing a necessary and sufficient condition, the “balancedness” property of linear subspaces, for achieving a certain signal recovery accuracy. Then we give a unified null space Grassmann angle-based geometric framework to give sharp bounds on this “balancedness” property of linear subspaces. By investigating the “balancedness” property, this unified framework characterizes sharp quantitative tradeoffs between signal sparsity and the recovery accuracy of ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization for approximately sparse signal. As a consequence, this generalizes the neighborly polytope result for perfectly sparse signals. Besides the robustness in the “strong” sense for all sparse signals, we also discuss the notions of “weak” and “sectional” robustness. Our results concern fundamental properties of linear subspaces and so may be of independent mathematical interest.
Experimental framework for evaluating autonomous guidance and control algorithms for agile aerial vehicles (2007)

This paper describes the design of an indoor experimental setup for evaluating autonomous guidance and control algorithms for agile aerial vehicles operating in challenging 3D environments and flight conditions. The setup is based on a vision tracking system which dispenses the need for onboard instrumentation making it possible to use highly miniaturized R/C rotorcraft and airplanes. Thanks to the small scale and the indoor setting it is possible to create realistic testing conditions in a controlled fashion. The facility will help develop a methodological framework and benchmark to evaluate the performance of planning algorithms. In addition, the experimental setup provides high quality flight data needed to accurately model small-scale aircraft. It also, provides a unique environment to study human pilot performance and conduct interactive experiments involving piloted and autonomous vehicles.
Numerical investigation of three dimensional viscoelastic free surface flows: Impacting drop problem (2014)

This work presents a numerical investigation of three dimensional viscoelastic&#13;\nfree surface flows. In particular, using two different numerical methodologies, we have&#13;\nsimulated a typical free-surface benchmark flow problem: the impact of a viscoelastic&#13;\nfluid droplet with a rigid boundary. The numerical method was recently proposed by&#13;\nFigueiredo et al. [1] and has been implemented in a in-house viscoelastic flow solver. In&#13;\nthis methodology, a finite difference scheme is adopted combining the Marker-And-Cell&#13;\n(MAC) method with a Front-Tracking strategy. In order to preserve mass conservation&#13;\nproperties for transient viscoelastic fluid flows, we have modified the methodology in [1]&#13;\nto include an improvement on the MAC discretization of the velocity boundary conditions&#13;\nat free-surfaces. The code is verified by solving the drop impact problem for a Newtonian&#13;\nfluid. After this verification, we employ the Oldroyd-B model to assess the differences&#13;\nbetween the methodologies, and compare our results with the ones in the literature.&#13;\nFinally, a detailed study of the influence of the relevant rheological parameters of the&#13;\nnon-linear viscoelastic models (Giesekus and XPP) is reported, regarding the deformation&#13;\nand spreading of the viscoelastic fluid drop after impacting on a rigid surface.
Situation Awareness and Collaborative Tool Usage in Ad Hoc Command and Control Teams (2008)

This research details findings from Urban Resolve, a large-scale Joint Forces research effort to investigate the impacts of technological solutions on situation awareness (SA) and decision making in ad hoc teams in a military command and control environment. The investigation was conducted using personnel acting as the Joint Force Land Component Command (JFLCC) and supporting Brigade-level staff stationed at Ft. Leavenworth in support of the higher headquarters at the Joint Task Force (JTF) in an urban combat and stability scenario. In the study, participants rated face-to-face communication highest for both routine and critical communications. The tool rated most effective for the development of situation awareness changed across study sessions, with chat in chatroom rated highest in the first and last session, and shared map/shared products folder rated highest in the second session. Results are discussed in the context of developing tools to support shared SA and temporal team performance in ad hoc teams.
Neural Nets and Optic Flow for Autonomous Micro-Air-Vehicle Navigation (2004)

Reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition tasks in near-Earth environments like forests, caves, tunnels and buildings is a grand challenge. Micro-air-vehicles are a future line of bird-sized flying assets designed to address such a challenge. Needed are light-weight and miniature sensor suites that can provide autonomous collision avoidance in complex environments. Our demonstrations with optic flow microsensors have been promising but controller gain-tuning is often tedious. This paper describes the use of neural nets to automate gain tuning. The overall effect delivers collision avoidance over wide ranges of lighting conditions, contrast and surface textures.
Universal 2-State 24-Neighborhood Asynchronous Cellular Automaton with Inner-Independent Open Rule (2016)

This paper proposes a computationally universal two-dimensional square-lattice asynchronous cellular automaton, in which cells have merely two states. The transition rule of a cell is specified by the pattern of the cells or its rotation-symmetric or reflection-symmetric rules included in distances 1 and 2 Moore neighborhood, which does not include its own cell (inner-independent). In a former model, we defined only the rules where the neighboring patterns are taken into account in computation. In the current model, the transition rule is an open rule, which is defined completely in terms of updating 0 or 1. Universality of the model is proven through the construction of a glider and three circuit primitives on the cell space, which are universal for the class of Delay-Insensitive circuits. Correct operation of the circuit is proven through a validity check algorithm which checks all generated patterns from an initial configuration to a final configuration of the operation. As a result, the number of rules to update to 1 is found to be 1618, not including the rotation-symmetric and reflection-symmetric versions of the rules. We show how to determine the open rules of the model, and how to define the energy function to obtain an energy evolution during the operation of the circuit.
A nearly ideal phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode (2008)

A phosphor-converted light-emitting diode was obtained with nearly ideal blue-to-white conversion loss of only 1%. This is achieved using internal reflection to steer phosphor emission away from lossy surfaces, a reflector material with high reflectivity, and a remotely located organic phosphor having (1) unity quantum efficiency (ηq), (2) homogeneous refractive index to minimize scattering, and (3) refractive index-matched to the encapsulation to eliminate total internal reflection. An inorganic composite phosphor is also reported with a nearly homogeneous refractive index to minimize diffuse scattering of emitted light, thereby maximizing the effective phosphor ηq and light extraction.
Topic modeling from network spread (2014)

Topic modeling refers to the task of inferring, only from data, the abstract ``topics" that occur in a collection of content. In this paper we look at latent topic modeling in a setting where unlike traditional topic modeling (a) there are no/few features (like words in documents) that are directly indicative of content topics (e.g. un-annotated videos and images, URLs etc.), but (b) users share and view content over a social network. We provide a new algorithm for inferring both the topics in which every user is interested, and thus also the topics in each content piece. We study its theoretical performance and demonstrate its empirical effectiveness over standard topic modeling algorithms.
Physical Design Methodologies for Soft Error Mitigation Using Redundancy (2015)

This paper demonstrates methodologies for designing soft-error hardened logic on commercial foundry processes. Physical design flows employ standard CAD tools to provide spatial separation that alleviates risk of multiple node charge collection upsets. To demonstrate and compare the proposed techniques, an advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption engine is implemented with the proposed methodologies. The methodologies incur an area overhead of 3.4× for a self-correcting, transient immune TMR design and 1.6× for a design using TMR flip-flops with non-redundant logic providing only single-event upset mitigation, over a non-redundant design. Power dissipation increases to 4.82× and 2.4×, respectively.
Hypergolic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as next-generation solid fuels: Unlocking the latent energetic behavior of ZIFs (2019)

Hypergolic materials, capable of spontaneous ignition upon contact with an external oxidizer, are of critical importance as fuels and propellants in aerospace applications (e.g., rockets and spacecraft). Currently used hypergolic fuels are highly energetic, toxic, and carcinogenic hydrazine derivatives, inspiring the search for cleaner and safer hypergols. Here, we demonstrate the first strategy to design hypergolic behavior within a metal-organic framework (MOF) platform, by using simple "trigger" functionalities to unlock the latent and generally not recognized energetic properties of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, a popular class of MOFs. The herein presented six hypergolic MOFs, based on zinc, cobalt, and cadmium, illustrate a uniquely modular platform to develop hypergols free of highly energetic or carcinogenic components, in which varying the metal and linker components enables the modulation of ignition and combustion properties, resulting in excellent hypergolic response evident by ultrashort ignition delays as low as 2 ms.
Isothermal physical aging of poly(methyl methacrylate): Localization of perturbations in thermomechanical properties (1992)

Abstract Effects of isothermal physical aging on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were investigated for isothermal aging temperatures ( T a ) from T g −13 to T g −128°C using a freely oscillating torsion pendulum (TBA). A single PMMA‐glass fiber specimen, the effects of the thermal history of which could be erased by heating above T g (=116°C, 0.7 Hz), was used for all experiments; this facilitated comparison of the unaged and aged specimen. The modulus was observed to increase linearly with the logarithm of isothermal aging time. Thermomechanical properties of the aged versus unaged specimen showed perturbations (e.g., increased modulus) principally in the vicinity of T a . This suggests that different intermediate portions of the relaxation spectrum are specifically involved in the process of aging for different values of T a .
“One Layer to Rule Them All” (2021)

With the high increase in the number of connected devices, the 6G network optimizations cannot rely only on protocols and architecture customizations as in 5G. Instead, a better approach, as described in this chapter, is to optimize the network through the definition of a data-layer-oriented network, which presumes the extraction of a large amount of data, its exchange across different elements, the generation of insight, and its immediate application as customized configurations across the system. Through this, a new type of network optimization is obtained based on behavior of the users instead of one of the systems complemented by a large level of native automation.
Optimal Inventory Control with Jump Diffusion and Nonlinear Dynamics in the Demand (2018)

In this paper, we consider an inventory control problem with a nonlinear evolution and a jump-diffusion demand model. This work extends the earlier inventory model proposed by Benkherouf and Johnson [Math. Methods Oper. Res., 76 (2012), pp. 377--393] by including a general jump process. However, as those authors note, their techniques are not applicable to models with demand driven by jump-diffusion processes with drift. Therefore, the combination of diffusion and general compound Poisson demands is not completely solved. From the dynamic programming principle, we transform the problem into a set of quasi-variational inequalities (Q.V.I.). The difficulty arises when solving the Q.V.I. because the second derivative and integration term appear in the same inequality. Our technique is to construct a set of coupled auxiliary functions. Then, an analytical study of the Q.V.I. implies the existence and uniqueness of an $(s, S)$ policy.
Current Symptomatic and Disease-Modifying Treatments in Multiple System Atrophy (2020)

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, severe, and rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder categorized as an atypical parkinsonian syndrome. With a mean life expectancy of 6-9 years after diagnosis, MSA is clinically characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, autonomic failure, and poor l-Dopa responsiveness. Aside from limited symptomatic treatment, there is currently no disease-modifying therapy available. Consequently, distinct pharmacological targets have been explored and investigated in clinical studies based on MSA-related symptoms and pathomechanisms. Parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic failure are the most important symptoms targeted by symptomatic treatments in current clinical trials. The most prominent pathological hallmark is oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing alpha-synuclein, thus classifying MSA as synucleinopathy. Additionally, myelin and neuronal loss accompanied by micro- and astrogliosis are further distinctive features of MSA-related neuropathology present in numerous brain regions. Besides summarizing current symptomatic treatment strategies in MSA, this review critically reflects upon potential cellular targets and disease-modifying approaches for MSA such as (I) targeting α-syn pathology, (II) intervening neuroinflammation, and (III) neuronal loss. Although these single compound trials are aiming to interfere with distinct pathogenetic steps in MSA, a combined approach may be necessary to slow down the rapid progression of the oligodendroglial associated synucleinopathy.
Intracardiac hemodynamic forces using 4D flow: a new reproducible method applied to healthy controls, elite athletes and heart failure patients (2016)

Background Blood flow in the left ventricle (LV) is closely linked to the function of valves, great vessels and the myocardium. Previous studies have used the Pressure Poisson Equation (PPE) to compute relative pressure fields from 4D flow data. However, the PPE may be numerically sensitive to errors in velocities and delineations. Hemodynamic forces is a quantitative measure similar to relative pressure maps, which may be less sensitive to errors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of hemodynamic force quantification, and to present initial observations in controls, elite endurance athletes and patients with heart failure.
Human Skin Binding and Absorption of Contaminants from Ground and Surface Water During Swimming and Bathing (1989)

Contaminants exist in ground and surface water. Human skin has the capacity to bind and then absorb these contaminants into the body during swimming and bathing. Powdered human stratum corneum will bind both lipid-soluble (alachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], benzene) and water-soluble (nitroaniline) chemicals. In vitro (human skin) and in vivo (Rhesus monkey) studies show that these chemicals readily distribute into skin, and then some of the chemical is absorbed into the body. Linearity in binding and absorption exists for nitroaniline over a 10-fold concentration range. Multiple exposure to benzene is at least cumulative. Binding and absorption can be significant for exposures as short as 30 min, and will increase with time. Absorption with water dilution increased for alachlor, but not for dinoseb. Soap reversed the partitioning of alachlor between human stratum corneum and water. The PCBs could be removed from skin by soap and water (70% efficiency) for up to 3 h and then decontamination potential decreased, due to continuing skin absorption. The model in vitro and in vivo systems used should permit easy estimation of this area of extensive human exposure effect on risk assessment.
Entanglement of two quantum bits is equivalent to secure key distribution (2003)

We study the problem of secret key distillation from two-qubit states in the scenario where Alice and Bob can only perform measurements at the single-copy level and classically process the obtained outcomes. Therefore, no quantum distillation technique, i.e. joint operation on several copies of the local state, is allowed. We prove that, even with these limitations, secret bits can be asymptotically distilled by the honest parties from any entangled state. This result implies a complete equivalence between two-qubit entanglement and secure key distribution: a key can be safely established through a one-qubit channel if and only if it allows to distribute entanglement.
Properties and processing of AVATREL/sup TM/ as a high performance dielectric (2002)

The development of low dielectric constant materials for interlevel dielectrics is necessary to meet the demands of the microelectronics industry. A family of materials derived from polynorbornene is being developed as interlevel dielectrics. These materials are functionalized to give excellent adhesion, good elongation to break, and low stress while maintaining their low dielectric constant. In order to understand the effect of the functionalization on the properties of the polymer, a series of materials with different compositions are being investigated. The properties of these films will be used to optimize the cyclic polyolefin composition.
Query recommendation for children (2012)

One of the biggest problems that children experience while searching the web occurs during the query formulation process. Children have been found to struggle formulating queries based on keywords given their limited vocabulary and their difficulty to choose the right keywords.
Hidden abnormalities and novel disease-related genomic changes during development of esophageal adenocarcinomas (2008)

907 Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic condition caused by chronic gastro-esophageal reflux and believed to represent an early step in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP-chip) analysis is a novel approach to examining genomic changes, including copy-number gains or losses, as well as, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with normal copy number (uniparental disomy or UPD). Using 250K SNP-chips, we examined the neoplastic progression of BE to EAC, initially by studying 6 matched sample sets ( i.e., including normal esophagus [NE], BE and EAC). Three sets revealed no detectable genetic changes in BE or EAC vs. NE. In contrast, the remaining 3 sets showed striking abnormalities. Two EACs exhibited several amplifications involving the ERBB2, CSF3, RARA and TOP2A genes, while 1 EAC manifested amplification of CTGF and c-Myb. None of these amplifications were detected in BE.  Next, we expanded our analysis to include 5 additional matched NE-BE pairs and 1 additional matched NE-EAC pair (in total, 11 BE and 7 EAC samples). Seven (64%) of 11 BE samples and 4 (57%) of 7 EAC samples exhibited one or more genomic abnormalities, including deletions, duplications, amplifications and UPD. Several abnormalities common to more than one tissue sample were identified, including chromosome 9p UPD (32.7 Mb, 2 BE samples [18%]), 9p deletion (31.7 Mb, 2 BE samples [18%]), deletion of CDKN2A (3 BE samples [27%]), and amplification of 17q12-q21.1 (3.5 Mb, 2 EAC samples [29%]). Interestingly, one BE sample contained a homozygous deletion at 9p22.3-22.2 (1.2 Mb): this region harbors only one known gene, basonuclin 2 (BNC2). Real-time PCR analysis confirmed decreased expression of BNC2 mRNA in the BE sample, but not in the matched NE control. Furthermore, BNC2 was found to be methylated in the EAC-derived cell line OE33, and transfection and stable expression of BNC2 caused growth arrest of OE33 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that BNC2 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in the esophagus, and that silencing of this gene occurs during the development of EAC. Moreover, to our knowledge, this work reveals for the first time exciting hidden abnormalities and novel cancer-related genomic regions in BE and EAC.