gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gadolinium inhibits thymidine incorporation and induces apoptosis in chondrocytes (2001)

Magnetic resonance arthrography. a procedure where contrast agents containing gadolinium are administered intra-articularly, has become a useful tool in musculoskeletal diagnosis. Although considered safe for systemic use, toxicities in some tissues have been identified for both free gadolinium ion and the gadolinium chelates used as contrast. In this study, the effects of short-term exposure of articular chondrocytes to gadolinium contrast were examined by assaying for proteoglycan synthesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Bovine chondrocytes were grown in monolayer culture and exposed to gadodiamide for 16 h. Proteoglycan synthesis was measured through incorporation of radiolabeled sulfate. Uptake of radiolabeled thymidine assessed cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL assay, where DNA strand breaks characteristic of apoptosis are labeled with fluorescent nucleotide. Proteoglycan synthesis was stimulated by lower dose exposure to gadodiamide. At higher doses, proteoglycan synthesis returned to baseline. Cell proliferation decreased following exposure to gadodiamide in a dose-dependent manner. Chondrocyte apoptosis was induced in a dose-dependent manner. Further work is needed to determine if these in vitro effects are present in the intact joint.
ChemInform Abstract: BaFe<sub>9</sub>LiO<sub>15</sub>: A New Layered Antiferromagnetic Ferrite. (2013)

Abstract BaFe 9 LiO 15 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of BaCO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Li 2 CO 3 (1.
The Image Understanding Architecture Project (1988)

Abstract : The primary goal of the Image Understanding Architecture (IUA) project is to build a proof-of-concept prototype of a 1/64th slice of a next generation vision architecture, and develop the software support environment that will be needed to utilize the hardware. The second year of this program has focussed on extensions to the IUA software simulator programming environment, the development of library routines and demonstration software for the IUA, construction of the custom chips for the architecture, circuit board design, and the design and implementation of an integrated image understanding benchmark. This report presents the results of the IUA project for the second year of its original two-year contract period. The purpose of the IUA project is to design and construct a next generation parallel processor that specifically addresses the needs of real time computer vision applications. Included in this report is a summary of accomplishments during the second year, an overview of the IUA design, a description of the new DARPA Integrated IU Benchmark Exercise, a summary of the performance figures for the IUA on the exercise, and test reports and photos of chips developed through MOSIS under this program in an appendix.
Deletion of the Feeding-Induced Hepatokine TSK Ameliorates the Melanocortin Obesity Syndrome (2021)

Work in recent decades has established that metabolic hormones released by endocrine cells and diverse other cell types serve to regulate nutrient intake and energy homeostasis. Tsukushi (TSK) is a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein secreted primarily by the liver that exerts an inhibitory effect on brown fat sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis. Despite this, physiological regulation of TSK and the mechanisms underlying its effects on energy balance remain poorly understood. Here we show that hepatic expression and plasma concentrations of TSK are induced by feeding and regulated by melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling. We generated TSK and MC4R double knockout mice to elucidate the nature of crosstalk between TSK and the central regulatory circuit of energy balance. Remarkably, TSK inactivation restores energy balance, ameliorates hyperphagia, and improves metabolic health in MC4R deficient mice. TSK ablation enhances thermogenic gene expression in brown fat, dampens obesity-association inflammation in the liver and adipose tissue, and protects MC4R null mice from diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. At the cellular level, TSK deficiency augments feeding-induced c-Fos expression in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus. These results illustrate physiological crosstalk between TSK and the central regulatory circuit in maintaining energy balance and metabolic homeostasis.
Intense ultra-short fiber laser systems and their applications (2006)

The performance of high average power and high energy femtosecond fiber laser systems is discussed. Remarkable evolutions in fiber technology made it possible to overcome restrictions due to nonlinear pulse distortions in the amplification fiber and revealed the full potential of rare-earth-doped fibers as a power-scalable solid-state laser concept in the short pulse regime. State-of-the-art femtosecond fiber lasers in our labs deliver average powers well above 100 W and pulse energies of several 100 &#956;J in the 1 &#956;m wavelength region. This performance, in particular the significantly higher repetition rate compared to conventional femtosecond lasers, allows for unique approaches in several application fields. Beside the fiber designs, the setup, performance and limitations of these systems we will discuss selected applications.
Laser wakefield generated X-ray probe for femtosecond time-resolved measurements of ionization states of warm dense aluminum (2013)

We have developed a laser wakefield generated X-ray probe to directly measure the temporal evolution of the ionization states in warm dense aluminum by means of absorption spectroscopy. As a promising alternative to the free electron excited X-ray sources, Betatron X-ray radiation, with femtosecond pulse duration, provides a new technique to diagnose femtosecond to picosecond transitions in the atomic structure. The X-ray probe system consists of an adjustable Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) microscope for focusing the Betatron emission to a small probe spot on the sample being measured, and a flat Potassium Acid Phthalate Bragg crystal spectrometer to measure the transmitted X-ray spectrum in the region of the aluminum K-edge absorption lines. An X-ray focal spot size of around 50 μm was achieved after reflection from the platinum-coated 10-cm-long KB microscope mirrors. Shot to shot positioning stability of the Betatron radiation was measured resulting in an rms shot to shot variation in spatial pointing on the sample of 16 μm. The entire probe setup had a spectral resolution of ~1.5 eV, a detection bandwidth of ~24 eV, and an overall photon throughput efficiency of the order of 10(-5). Approximately 10 photons were detected by the X-ray CCD per laser shot within the spectrally resolved detection band. Thus, it is expected that hundreds of shots will be required per absorption spectrum to clearly observe the K-shell absorption features expected from the ionization states of the warm dense aluminum.
Chemical Sensors Based on IR Spectroscopy and Surface-Modified Waveguides (1999)

Sol-gel processing techniques have been used to apply thin porous films to the surfaces of planar infrared (IR) waveguides to produce widely useful chemical sensors. The thin- film coating serves to diminish the concentration of water and increase the concentration of the analyte in the region probed by the evanescent IR wave. These porous films are composed of silica, and therefore, conventional silica surface modification techniques can be used to give the surface a specific functional character. The sol-gel film was surface-modified to make the film highly hydrophobic. These sensors were shown to be capable of detecting non-polar organic analytes, such as benzonitrile, in aqueous solution with detection limits in the ppb range. Further, these porous sol-gel structures allow the analytes to diffuse into and out of the films rapidly, thus reaching equilibrium in less than ten seconds. These sensors are unique because of the fact that their operation is based on the measurement of an IR absorption spectrum. Thus, these sensors are able to identify the analytes as well as measure concentration with high sensitivity. These developments have been documented in previous reports and publications. Recently, we have also targeted detection of the polar organic molecules acetone and isopropanol in aqueous solution. Polar organics are widely used in industrial and chemical processes, hence it is of interest to monitor their presence in effluents or decontamination process flows. Although large improvements in detection limits were expected with non-polar organic molecules in aqueous solutions using very hydrophobic porous sol-gel films on silicon attenuated total reflectance (Si ATR) waveguides, it was not as clear what the detection enhancements might be for polar organic molecules. This report describes the use of modified sol-gel-coated Si ATR sensors for trace detection and quantitation of small polar organic molecules in aqueous solutions. The detection of both acetone and isopropanol molecules in aqueous solution has been previously reported for chalcogenide fiber optic sensors. The sol-gel film was produced using a mixture of ethyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane and the surface modification was carried out using trimethylchlorosilane. We have demonstrated that this film concentrates the target polar analytes from aqueous solution in the region probed by the evanescent wave to improve detection limits by as much as a factor of 450.
Graphene Buffer Layer on SiC as a Release Layer for High-Quality Freestanding Semiconductor Membranes (2021)

Free-standing crystalline membranes are highly desirable owing to recent developments in heterogeneous integration of dissimilar materials. Van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy enables the release of crystalline membranes from their substrates. However, suppressed nucleation density due to low surface energy has been a challenge for crystallization; reactive materials synthesis environments can induce detrimental damage to vdW surfaces, often leading to failures in membrane release. This work demonstrates a novel platform based on graphitized SiC for fabricating high-quality free-standing membranes. After mechanically removing epitaxial graphene on a graphitized SiC wafer, the quasi-two-dimensional graphene buffer layer (GBL) surface remains intact for epitaxial growth. The reduced vdW gap between the epilayer and substrate enhances epitaxial interaction, promoting remote epitaxy. Significantly improved nucleation and convergent quality of GaN are achieved on the GBL, resulting in the best quality GaN ever grown on two-dimensional materials. The GBL surface exhibits excellent resistance to harsh growth environments, enabling substrate reuse by repeated growth and exfoliation.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on fibrinogen level in elderly patients with ischaemic heart disease (2002)

The presence of H Pylori infection did not correlate with the presence of IHD, and the fibrinogen level was not raised in the IHD group. However, in elderly patients with H pylori infection, eradication therapy lowered fibrinogen levels in those with elevated (>4.0 g/l) fibrinogen level.
Channel-aware inter-cell interference coordination for the uplink of 3G LTE networks (2009)

In this paper we propose a heuristic inter-cell coordination scheme for scheduling users in an opportunistic multi-cell network. The scheme is mainly designed to be implemented in the uplink of networks that utilize the Third Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) technology. The objective of the scheme is to coordinate the uplink transmission in neighboring cells such that inter-cell interference is mitigated and the aggregate utility of the mobile users is maximized. In addition to the heuristic approach we formulate the inter-cell scheduling coordination as an integer programming problem. While the optimal solution cannot be realized in practice due to the computational complexity, it provides good insights of how well different algorithms perform. Numerical results show that the proposed coordination method delivers near-optimal performance in the exemplified cases.
Oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil for heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer: a preliminary phase II study (2003)

median number of cycles: 8 (range 1-17). Toxicity (14 patients evaluable; no. of patients with Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3/4): asthenia: 2/-, paraesthesia 3/-, leuko/neutropenia: 1/2, no neutropenic fever, other (alopecia, skin): 2/-. Response (12 patients evaluable, all with bidimensionally measurable disease): complete remission: no patients, partial remission: four patients (33%, all confirmed), stable disease: five patients, progressive disease: three patients. We conclude that despite the small number of patients, the combination of 5-FU and oxaliplatin shows promising efficacy in this heavily pretreated population.
Scalable integrated solution for real time estimation, control and optimization of the quality of fuels manufactured in refineries: an industrial story (2017)

International audience
Doped graphene characterized via Raman spectroscopy and magneto-transport measurements (2023)

Functionalizing graphene beyond its intrinsic properties has been a key concept since the first successful realization of this archetype monolayer system. While various concepts, such as doping, co-doping, and layered device design, have been proposed, the often complex structural and electronic changes are often jeopardizing simple functionalization attempts. Here, we present a thorough analysis of the structural and electronic properties of co-doped graphene via Raman spectroscopy as well as magneto-transport and Hall measurements. The results highlight the challenges in understanding its microscopic properties beyond the simple preparation of such devices. It is discussed how co-doping with N and B dopants leads to effective charge-neutral defects acting as short-range scatterers, while charged defects introduce more long-range scattering centers. Such distinct behavior may obscure or alter the desired structural as well as electronic properties not anticipated initially. Exploring further the preparation of effective pn-junctions, we highlight step by step how the preparation process may lead to alterations in the intrinsic properties of the individual layers. Importantly, it is highlighted in all steps how the inhomogeneities across individual graphene sheets may challenge simple interpretations of individual measurements.
Selective Kainate Receptor (GluK1) Ligands Structurally Based upon 1<i>H</i>-Cyclopentapyrimidin-2,4(1<i>H</i>,3<i>H</i>)-dione: Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Pharmacological and Biostructural Characterization (2011)

The physiological function of kainate receptors (GluK1-GluK5) in the central nervous system is not fully understood yet. With the aim of developing potent and selective GluK1 ligands, we have synthesized a series of new thiophene-based GluK1 agonists (6a-c) and antagonists (7a-d). Pharmacological evaluation revealed that they are selective for the GluK1 subunit, with 7b being the most subtype-selective ligand reported to date (GluK1 vs GluK3). The antagonist 7a was cocrystallized with the GluK1 ligand binding domain, and an X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the largest flexibility in GluK1 ligand binding domain opening upon binding of a ligand seen to date. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of GluK1 receptor ligand binding and pave the way to the development of new tool compounds for studying kainate receptor function.
Refined spatial temporal epigenomic profiling reveals intrinsic connection between PRDM9-mediated H3K4me3 and the fate of double-stranded breaks (2020)

Meiotic recombination is initiated by the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are repaired as either crossovers (COs) or noncrossovers (NCOs). In most mammals, PRDM9-mediated H3K4me3 controls the nonrandom distribution of DSBs; however, both the timing and mechanism of DSB fate control remain largely undetermined. Here, we generated comprehensive epigenomic profiles of synchronized mouse spermatogenic cells during meiotic prophase I, revealing spatiotemporal and functional relationships between epigenetic factors and meiotic recombination. We find that PRDM9-mediated H3K4me3 at DSB hotspots, coinciding with H3K27ac and H3K36me3, is intimately connected with the fate of the DSB. Our data suggest that the fate decision is likely made at the time of DSB formation: earlier formed DSBs occupy more open chromatins and are much more competent to proceed to a CO fate. Our work highlights an intrinsic connection between PRDM9-mediated H3K4me3 and the fate decision of DSBs, and provides new insight into the control of CO homeostasis.
Aminosäuren, 4. Enantioselektive Synthese <i>N</i>‐substituierter α‐Aminocarbonsäuren aus α‐Hydroxycarbonsäuren (1986)

Abstract ( S )‐α‐(Trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)carbonsäureester ( S )‐ 3 reagieren mit primären und sekundären Aminen im Sinne einer S N 2‐Reaktion zu den N ‐substituierten ( R )‐α‐Aminocarbonsäureestern ( R )‐ 5 , ( R )‐ 9 bzw. ( R )‐ 12 . Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit verschiedener in α‐Stellung substituierter Propionsäure‐ethylester mit Benzylamin nimmt in der Reihenfolge der Substituenten Triflat ( 3a ) ≫ Bromid ( 8a ) &gt; Mesylat ( 7a ) ≧ Tosylat ( 7b ) &gt; Chlorid ( 8b ) deutlich ab. Abnehmende Reaktivität führt bei der Umsetzung mit Aminen aufgrund der erforderlichen härteren Bedingungen in zunehmendem Maße zu Racemisierung und Eliminierung.
Highly Efficient Production of Nanoporous Block Copolymers with Arbitrary Structural Characteristics for Advanced Membranes (2022)

Abstract The great significance of boosting the design of percolating nanopore structures in block copolymers (BCPs) for various cases has been widely demonstrated in the past several decades. However, it still remains challenging to prepare the desired porous structures in a rapid, facile, and universal manner. Here we have developed an unconventional and benchtop strategy to rapidly generate the nanoporous polystyrene‐based BCPs with arbitrary structural characteristics regardless of the BCP bulk morphology. This universal pore‐forming strategy enables the sustainable CO 2 ‐based BCPs to form advanced membranes after 1 s soaking for efficiently rejecting 94.2 % brilliant blue R (826 g mol −1 ). Meanwhile, the water permeance retains around 1020 L (m 2 h bar) −1 , which is 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than that of other membranes. This strategy may offer an excellent opportunity to introduce percolating pore structures in those newly developed BCPs with which the previously reported pore‐forming methods may not deal.
F-EDCF: Fair Scheduling with EDCF for Wireless LANs (2007)

Wireless LAN (WLAN) has greatly benefited from the introduction of various technologies, such as MAC protocol and scheduling algorithm. The majority of these technologies focus on fairness or service differentiation. However, current WLAN technologies do not provide many benefits to WLAN because most previous literature only focuses on the provision of a single aspect of QoS. Unfortunately, multimedia applications require both service differentiation and fairness. Therefore, this paper combines Distributed Fair Scheduling (DFS) and Enhanced Distributed Coordinate Function (EDCF), to simultaneously provide both fairness and service differentiation. The simulation results demonstrate that F-EDCF outperforms the EDCF, in terms of throughput, fairness, and delay viewpoints.
Evaluation of Aortic Valve Regurgitation by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Using 2D and 4D Flow Analysis (2022)

Background: Aortic regurgitation (AR) is caused by incomplete closure of the aortic valve and leads to a volume shift from the aorta back into the left ventricle. This ongoing volume overload of the left ventricle is a risk for ventricular dilation, functional impairment, and provokes the development of heart failure. The backward flow through the aortic valve can be measured directly by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Since several measurement methods as 2D or 4D phase-contrast CMR are available less is known about the most reliable level in the ascending aorta. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriate level for ROI placement for 2D and 4D flow for the most accurate measurement of aortic regurgitation.
Nanoscale Analysis of Historical Paintings by Means of O‐PTIR Spectroscopy: The Identification of the Organic Particles in <i>L′Arlésienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux)</i> by Van Gogh (2021)

Optical-photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy is a recently developed technique that provides spectra comparable to traditional transmission FTIR spectroscopy with nanometric spatial resolution. Hence, O-PTIR is a promising candidate for the analysis of historical paintings, as well as other cultural heritage objects, but its potential has not yet been evaluated. This work presents the first application of O-PTIR to the analysis of cultural heritage, and in particular to an extremely small fragment from Van Gogh's painting L'Arlésienne (portrait of Madame Ginoux). The striking results obtained, including the detection of geranium lake pigments as well as the complete analysis of the stratigraphy, failed with other state-of-the-art techniques, highlight the potential of this method. The integration of O-PTIR to the study of cultural heritage opens to the possibility of decreasing the amount of sample extracted, therefore contributing to the preservation of the integrity of artworks while providing a complete characterization of the materials.
<i>BRCA</i> Germline Mutations in Jewish Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2008)

Founder mutations for BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified in 5.5% of Ashkenazi patients operated on for PAC. BRCA2 mutations were more prevalent than documented by population studies. Consistent with previous reports, BRCA2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of PAC.
Opioid Prescriptions by Orthopaedic Surgeons in a Medicare Population: Recent Trends, Potential Complications, and Characteristics of High Prescribers (2020)

Orthopaedic surgeons prescribe an estimated 7.7% of all US opioid prescriptions; however, in recent years, there has been a decrease in the number of prescriptions written per surgeon, per beneficiary, total opioid prescriptions, and an increase in total nonopioid prescriptions. These changes may reflect an increase in public awareness of the opioid epidemic and subtle changes in physician behavior. Differences in opioid prescription volume by sex, professional degree, and region also illustrate a lack of consensus on opioid prescription guidelines in orthopaedic surgery.
Trend of the laser micro-via drilling technology for PWB (2003)

Recently, the laser micro-via drilling technology was induced to reduce the size and weight of personal cell phone. In 1996,Matsushita electric was developed ALIVH PWB^(TM) (A__-ny L__-ayer I__-nterstitial V__-ia H__-ole P__-rinted W__-iring B__-oard) using laser via-drilling process. Then the smallest cell phone (NTT Docomo P201), had only 98g weight, was realized. Within few years, laser micro-via formation technology was adapted for new field, for example LCD driver Flex-PWB, SAW filter, CCD, MPU and Sip (System in Package) Packages. In this paper, trend of the laser micro-via drilling technology was represented within few years.
Temperature- and time-dependent conduction controlled by activation energy in PCM (2010)

A deep insight in the conduction processes in phase-change memory (PCM) devices is needed for a reliable size scaling of the technology. In this paper we discuss and model the temperature and time dependences of the programmed cell resistance. The non-Arrhenius behavior of the resistance is interpreted by temperature-dependent current localization in the frame of the distributed Poole-Frenkel model. Experimental evidence is shown for current noise and drift being dictated by changes of the activation energy for hopping conduction. Models for current noise and drift are developed and used for projections as a function of the PCM technology node.