gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (<i>Apc</i>) activate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)in mice and zebrafish (2013)

Truncating mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are strongly linked to colorectal cancers. APC is a negative regulator of the Wnt pathway and constitutive Wnt activation mediated by enhanced Wnt-β-catenin target gene activation is believed to be the predominant mechanism responsible for APC mutant phenotypes. However, recent evidence suggests that additional downstream effectors contribute to APC mutant phenotypes. We previously identified a mechanism in cultured human cells by which APC, acting through glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), suppresses mTORC1, a nutrient sensor that regulates cell growth and proliferation. We hypothesized that truncating Apc mutations should activate mTORC1 in vivo and that mTORC1 plays an important role in Apc mutant phenotypes. We find that mTORC1 is strongly activated in apc mutant zebrafish and in intestinal polyps in Apc mutant mice. Furthermore, mTORC1 activation is essential downstream of APC as mTORC1 inhibition partially rescues Apc mutant phenotypes including early lethality, reduced circulation and liver hyperplasia. Importantly, combining mTORC1 and Wnt inhibition rescues defects in morphogenesis of the anterior-posterior axis that are not rescued by inhibition of either pathway alone. These data establish mTORC1 as a crucial, β-catenin independent effector of oncogenic Apc mutations and highlight the importance of mTORC1 regulation by APC during embryonic development. Our findings also suggest a new model of colorectal cancer pathogenesis in which mTORC1 is activated in parallel with Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
An inventory model for deteriorating items with nonlinear holding cost (2014)

Without any doubt, inventory management is a key factor in success of any organization. By broadening our view when we look at organizations as workings cogs of society and the role they play in the society, we will appreciate the effect of their success on peaple live both directly and indirectly. Due to the importance of inventory management, there have been a lot of works done by researchers, engineers, managers etc. They have developed different models and approaches to better analyze and manage the inventory by considering variuos factors such as fixed cost, holding cost, ordering cost, discounts and so forth. Many variations of models considered deterioration in their assumptions. Moreover, based on the research done by Ferguson el al, (2007) which actual data were applied from the national US grocery, it was concluded that in reality holding cost not linear. They showed involving nonlnear holding cost for perishable goods will reduce total cost up to 400% compared with when the company applies classic EOQ model as its policy. Undoubtedly considering nonlinear holding cost for perishable goods would make the model more applicable and practical to real situation. Based on above mentioned arguments, we suggest an inventory model for deteriorating items taking into account nonlinear holding cost. The model consists of three types of cost: ordering, holding and deteriorating costs which form the final objective function. It is proved that function is continuous and has a minimum. The minimum of the total cost can be found using a step by step algorithm. The algorithm is coded in MAtlab to hasten finding the solution. The model is validated by using numerical examples and comparison to classical EOQ by Harris (1913), nonlinear holding cost EOQ by Weiss (1982) and the simplified model of Chung ang Hunag (2007). The model shows lower costs compared to references models. Finally, in order to investigate the effects of changing model parameters on optimal answer and total cost, two sensitivity analyses are done.
Measurement Methodology and Results of Measurements of the Man-Made Noise Floor on HF in The Netherlands (2018)

Radio noise of man-made origin has been measured and studied since the 50s of the past century. From that time on, especially in the last two decades, the electromagnetic environment has changed due to the wide spread and increasingly complicated electronic and computing equipment in domestic and work premises. Not only the character of man-made noise has changed, but also the density of man-made noise sources has increased. Users of radio receiving and communication equipment experience a limitation of functionality due to a risen noise floor and the appearance of a large numbers of interfering signals today. In order to quantify the observed increase, a series of measurements of man-made noise levels in the well-spread medium-frequency, high-frequency, and lower part of very high-frquency bands of the Amateur Radio Service have been carried out in The Netherlands for a wide group of environments in all parts of the country. The data show that in City and in Residential environments the noise floor is significantly higher than would be expected from the current ITU-R noise floor data. The cumulative effect of the high density of sources is shown in the data. The measurement and analysis results could, with data from other investigations, be used in updating Recommendation ITU-R P.372-13.
Noise-resilient deep learning for integrated circuit tomography (2023)

X-ray tomography is a non-destructive imaging technique that reveals the interior of an object from its projections at different angles. Under sparse-view and low-photon sampling, regularization priors are required to retrieve a high-fidelity reconstruction. Recently, deep learning has been used in X-ray tomography. The prior learned from training data replaces the general-purpose priors in iterative algorithms, achieving high-quality reconstructions with a neural network. Previous studies typically assume the noise statistics of test data are acquired a priori from training data, leaving the network susceptible to a change in the noise characteristics under practical imaging conditions. In this work, we propose a noise-resilient deep-reconstruction algorithm and apply it to integrated circuit tomography. By training the network with regularized reconstructions from a conventional algorithm, the learned prior shows strong noise resilience without the need for additional training with noisy examples, and allows us to obtain acceptable reconstructions with fewer photons in test data. The advantages of our framework may further enable low-photon tomographic imaging where long acquisition times limit the ability to acquire a large training set.
Euclid Definition Study Report (2011)

Euclid is a space-based survey mission from the European Space Agency designed to understand the origin of the Universe's accelerating expansion. It will use cosmological probes to investigate the nature of dark energy, dark matter and gravity by tracking their observational signatures on the geometry of the universe and on the cosmic history of structure formation. The mission is optimised for two independent primary cosmological probes: Weak gravitational Lensing (WL) and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). The Euclid payload consists of a 1.2 m Korsch telescope designed to provide a large field of view. It carries two instruments with a common field-of-view of ~0.54 deg2: the visual imager (VIS) and the near infrared instrument (NISP) which contains a slitless spectrometer and a three bands photometer. The Euclid wide survey will cover 15,000 deg2 of the extragalactic sky and is complemented by two 20 deg2 deep fields. For WL, Euclid measures the shapes of 30-40 resolved galaxies per arcmin2 in one broad visible R+I+Z band (550-920 nm). The photometric redshifts for these galaxies reach a precision of dz/(1+z) &lt; 0.05. They are derived from three additional Euclid NIR bands (Y, J, H in the range 0.92-2.0 micron), complemented by ground based photometry in visible bands derived from public data or through engaged collaborations. The BAO are determined from a spectroscopic survey with a redshift accuracy dz/(1+z) =0.001. The slitless spectrometer, with spectral resolution ~250, predominantly detects Ha emission line galaxies. Euclid is a Medium Class mission of the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme, with a foreseen launch date in 2019. This report (also known as the Euclid Red Book) describes the outcome of the Phase A study.
Figure S4 from PET Imaging of TIGIT Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4. A) 64Cu-TIGITAb (red dotted line) iTLC shows a pure product, with free 64Cu (green solid line) is shown for comparison. B) 89Zr-TIGITAb (red dotted line) iTLC shows a pure product, with free 89Zr (green solid line) is shown for comparison. C) SE HPLC shows UV-Vis abs (280 nm, red line) and radio-signal (blue dotted line) at the same retention time, demonstrating the intact TIGITAb was successfully radiolabeled with 64Cu&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of Gas Turbine Rotor Blade Tip and Shroud Heat Transfer (1996)

Predictions of the rate of heat transfer to the tip and shroud of a gas turbine rotor blade are presented. The simulations are performed with a multiblock computer code which solves the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The effect of inlet boundary layer thickness as well as rotation rate on the tip and shroud heat transfer is examined. The predictions of the blade tip and shroud heat transfer are in reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements. Areas of large heat transfer rates are identified and physical reasoning for the phenomena presented.
The Effects of Open Market Operations In A Model of Intermediation and Growth (1995)

We examine an otherwise standard model of capital accumulation to which spatial separation and limited communication create a role for money and shocks to portfolio needs create a role for banks. In this context we examine the existence, multiplicity, and dynamical properties of monetary equilibria with positive nominal interest rates. Moderate levels of risk aversion can lead to the existence of multiple monetary steady states, all of which can be approached from a given set of initial conditions. In addition, even if there is a unique monetary steady state, monetary equilibria can be indeterminate, and oscillatory equilibrium paths can be observed. Thus financial market frictions are a potential source of both indeterminacies and endogenously arising economic volatility. We also consider the consequences of monetary policy actions that rearrange the composition of government liabilities. Contractionary monetary policy activities can have complicated consequences, depending especially on the nature of the steady state equilibrium that obtains when there are multiple steady states. Under plausible conditions, however, a permanent contractionary change in monetary policy raises both the nominal rate of interest and the rate of inflation, and reduces long-run output levels. Thus liquidity provision by a central bank—just as by the banking system as a whole—can be growth promoting. Loose monetary policy also is conducive to avoiding development trap phenomena.
Radiography Contrast Enhancement: Smoothed LHE Filter a Practical Solution for Digital X-Rays with Mach Band (2019)

In this paper, we analyze and propose the usefulness of smoothed LHE (Local Histogram Equalization) filters for processing images with low contrast like digital radiographic images. Digital X-rays are known to have optical illusions like Mach bands and background contrast effects, which are caused by lateral inhibition phenomena. We observe that using multilayer (ML) methods with latest edge preserving filter for contrast enhancement in medical images can be problematic and could lead to faulty diagnosis from detail exaggeration which are caused by uncontrolled texture boosting from user defined gain settings. ML filters are designed with few subjectively selected filter kernel sizes, which can result in unnaturalness in output images. We propose a smoothed LHE-like filter with an adaptive gain control, that is more robust and can enhance fine details in digital X-rays while maintaining their intrinsic naturalness. Preserving naturalness in X-ray images are an essential feature for radiographic diagnostics. Our proposed filter has 0(1) complexity and can easily be controlled and operated with a continuously varying kernel size, which functions like an active high pass filter, amplifying all frequencies within the kernel.
On Physical Limits of Massive MISO Systems (2016)

We analyze the performance of a fixed-size uniform circular array which is used to transmit information to a single antenna receiver as a function of the number of transmit side antennas. We find that the minimum necessary energy to transfer one information bit stops decreasing once the number of antennas grows over a certain bound. We relate this bound to the diameter of the array and show that there is an optimum and finite number of antennas for every such array. For large array diameters this optimum number grows linearly with the diameter, the factor of proportionality primarily depending on whether the receiver is inside or outside of the transmit uniform circular array.
STAYGREEN, STAY HEALTHY: a loss‐of‐susceptibility mutation in the <i>STAYGREEN</i> gene provides durable, broad‐spectrum disease resistances for over 50 years of US cucumber production (2018)

The Gy14 cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is resistant to oomyceteous downy mildew (DM), bacterial angular leaf spot (ALS) and fungal anthracnose (AR) pathogens, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for the disease resistances in Gy14 and further map-based cloning identified a candidate gene for the resistant loci, which was validated and functionally characterized by spatial-temporal gene expression profiling, allelic diversity and phylogenetic analysis, as well as local association studies. We showed that the triple-disease resistances in Gy14 were controlled by the cucumber STAYGREEN (CsSGR) gene. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region resulted in a nonsynonymous amino acid substitution in the CsSGR protein, and thus disease resistance. Genes in the chlorophyll degradation pathway showed differential expression between resistant and susceptible lines in response to pathogen inoculation. The causal SNP was significantly associated with disease resistances in natural and breeding populations. The resistance allele has undergone selection in cucumber breeding. The durable, broad-spectrum disease resistance is caused by a loss-of-susceptibility mutation of CsSGR. Probably, this is achieved through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species over-accumulation and phytotoxic catabolite over-buildup in the chlorophyll degradation pathway. The CsSGR-mediated host resistance represents a novel function of this highly conserved gene in plants.
Augmented reality using high fidelity spherical panorama with HDRI (2015)

This demonstration presents an experimental method and apparatus configuration for producing spherical panoramas with high dynamic range imaging (HDRI). Our method is optimized for providing high fidelity augmented reality (AR) image-based environment recognition for mobile devices. We developed HDRI method that requires single acquisition which extends dynamic range from digital negative, this approach is to be used for multiple angles necessary for reconstructing accurately reproduced spherical panorama with sufficient luminance.
Wasserlösliche Liganden, Metallkomplexe und Komplexkatalysatoren: Synergismen aus Homogen- und Heterogenkatalyse (1993)

Rasche Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Katalyse führen zu einem zunehmenden Bedarf an maßgeschneiderten Katalysatoren. Wasserlösliche Komplexkatalysatoren, neuerdings intensiv erforscht, vereinigen Vorteile der Homogen- und Heterogenkatalyse: einfache und vollständige Produkt-Katalysator-Trennung, hohe Aktivitäten und hohe Selektivitäten. Aus dem großen Repertoire an wasserlöslichen Liganden lassen sich für viele Reaktionen maßgeschneiderte Katalysatoren entwickeln. Industrielle Anwendungen auf den Gebieten der Hydrierung und Hydroformylierung zeigen schon heute die breiten Einsatzmöglichkeiten dieser Katalysatorklasse. Die Jahresproduktion von 300 000 Tonnen Butyraldehyd auf der Basis wasserlöslicher Rhodiumkomplexe im Ruhrchemie/Rhône-Poulenc-Verfahren überzeugt schon jetzt von der technischen Anwendbarkeit des Konzepts der komplexkatalysierten Reaktionen in Zweiphasensystemen. Die effiziente Gestaltung katalytischer Prozesse erfordert zunehmend die verlustfreie Rückführung des Edelmetallkontaktes, was mit Zweiphasensystemen einfach und ökonomisch realisierbar ist. Spezialanwendungen bei biochemischen Problemen eröffnen wasserlöslichen übergangsmetallkomplexen Entwicklungsfelder, die weit über die angestammte Homogenkatalyse hinausweisen. In naher Zukunft wird die Erforschung und Anwendung von Metallkomplexkatalysatoren, die im physiologisch unbedenklichen, billigen und umweltfreundlichen Lösemittel Wasser ihre Wirkung entfalten, zu einem Schwerpunkt der Katalysatorforschung werden.
Oxidative Addition of Carbon–Carbon Bonds with a Redox-Active Bis(imino)pyridine Iron Complex (2012)

Addition of biphenylene to the bis(imino)pyridine iron dinitrogen complexes, ((iPr)PDI)Fe(N(2))(2) and [((Me)PDI)Fe(N(2))](2)(μ(2)-N(2)) ((R)PDI = 2,6-(2,6-R(2)-C(6)H(3)-N═CMe)(2)C(5)H(3)N; R = Me, (i)Pr), resulted in oxidative addition of a C-C bond at ambient temperature to yield the corresponding iron biphenyl compounds, ((R)PDI)Fe(biphenyl). The molecular structures of the resulting bis(imino)pyridine iron metallacycles were established by X-ray diffraction and revealed idealized square pyramidal geometries. The electronic structures of the compounds were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, magnetochemistry, and X-ray absorption and X-ray emission spectroscopies. The experimental data, in combination with broken-symmetry density functional theory calculations, established spin crossover (low to intermediate spin) ferric compounds antiferromagnetically coupled to bis(imino)pyridine radical anions. Thus, the overall oxidation reaction involves cooperative electron loss from both the iron center and the redox-active bis(imino)pyridine ligand.
Combinatorial RNA-based gene therapy for the treatment of HIV/AIDS (2013)

Cell and gene therapy for HIV/AIDS is a promising alternative to antiviral drug therapy and may provide a functional cure. In order to show clinical benefit, multiple mechanisms of inhibition of HIV entry and lifecycle are likely to be required. Among the most promising antiviral strategies is the use of transgenic RNA molecules that provide protection from HIV infection. When these molecules are delivered as gene-modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, long-term repopulation of the patient's immune system with gene-modified progeny has been observed.
Mirror with two parallel rotation axes for external cavity laser (2006)

A mirror device for an external cavity diode laser is fabricated. To achieve a wide and continuous tuning range, mechanical linkage of two parallel rotation axes can rotate and translate the mirror, generating a virtual pivot point of the mirror motion. This mirror device is realized using a wafer-folding technique
A Pure Lazy Technique for Scalable Transaction Processing in Replicated Databases (2005)

Recently, there have been proposals for scaling-up a database system using lazy replication. In these proposals, system scale-up is achieved through the addition of secondary sites which hold replicas of the database at a primary site. The addition of more secondary sites improves system performance by allowing read-only transactions to be serviced at the secondary sites. However, the scalability of the distributed system is limited by the single primary site which services the update workload. As the workload scales-up, an increasing update load is placed on the primary site, which suffers from performance degradation. We address this problem by proposing a pure lazy solution for scaling-up the database system. Our techniques provide scalability and avoid transaction inversions, which can occur when transactions access stale replicas.
Morphological alteration of <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes induced by valine‐14 p21<sup>rho</sup> depend on isoprenylation and are inhibited by <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> C3 ADP‐ribosyltranferase (1990)

Microinjection of the constitutively active recombinant Val-14 p21rho A into Xenopus oocytes induced dramatic morphological changes with redistribution of pigments from the animal pole resulting in spotted oocytes. The effects induced by Val-14 p21rho A were regulated by progesterone in a dose-dependent manner whereas prior ADP-ribosylation of the rho protein blocked its activity. About 30 min after microinjection, p21 rho was associated with the plasma membrane. The membrane association of p21rho and its biological activity were inhibited by lovastatin, an inhibitor of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The findings suggest that membrane attachment and biological activity of p21rho depend on isoprenylation of the GTP-binding protein.
37.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : 6″ Colour CNT FED Demonstrator with High Peak Brightness (2007)

Abstract In this paper, a 6′colour CNT‐FED prototype with the pixel structure of an HDTV display is described. The pixel size is 3×200μm × 600μm, the white peak brightness is 800Cd/m 2 with 50% aperture ratio on the anode. The white brightness nonuniformity from pixel to pixel is 3%, the anode voltage of 5kV is achieved on 1mm cell gap thanks to anode structure improvement and suppression of charging on the cathode.
Improved detection of Candida albicans by PCR in blood of neutropenic mice with systemic candidiasis (1995)

A PCR using primers aimed at the multicopy gene coding for the small subunit rRNA and resulting in the synthesis of a 180-bp fragment was evaluated for its use in diagnosing invasive candidiasis in comparison with blood culture. With the use of a C. albicans-specific probe, +/- 10 to 15 C. albicans cells are detected in 100 microliters of whole blood by Southern analysis. A DNase pretreatment was critical in the purification process of yeast DNA from whole blood. Omission of the DNase pretreatment decreased assay sensitivity 10-fold. PCR analysis of blood specimens collected from mice with invasive candidiasis is more sensitive than blood culture (100 versus 67%, respectively) at 72 h after intravenous (i.v.) inoculation with C. albicans. Furthermore, the intensity of the hybridization signals increased with the progression of infection. In contrast, multiple blood samples from gastrointestinally colonized mice were all negative by PCR, indicating that the PCR assay is also specific and may, therefore, make a positive contribution to the detection and follow-up of invasive candidiasis.