gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feature Augmented Hybrid CNN for Stress Recognition Using Wrist-based Photoplethysmography Sensor. (2021)

Stress is a physiological state that hampers mental health and has serious consequences to physical health. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress levels among people across the globe. Therefore, continuous monitoring and detection of stress are necessary. The recent advances in wearable devices have allowed the monitoring of several physiological signals related to stress. Among them, wrist-worn wearable devices like smartwatches are most popular due to their convenient usage. And the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is the most prevalent sensor in almost all consumer-grade wrist-worn smartwatches. Therefore, this paper focuses on using a wrist-based PPG sensor that collects Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) signals to detect stress which may be applicable for consumer-grade wristwatches. Moreover, state-of-the-art works have used either classical machine learning algorithms to detect stress using hand-crafted features or have used deep learning algorithms like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which automatically extracts features. This paper proposes a novel hybrid CNN (H-CNN) classifier that uses both the hand-crafted features and the automatically extracted features by CNN to detect stress using the BVP signal. Evaluation on the benchmark WESAD dataset shows that, for 3-class classification (Baseline vs. Stress vs. Amusement), our proposed H-CNN outperforms traditional classifiers and normal CNN by 5% and 7% accuracy, and 10% and 7% macro F1 score, respectively. Also for 2-class classification (Stress vs. Non-stress), our proposed H-CNN outperforms traditional classifiers and normal CNN by 3% and ~5% accuracy, and ~3% and ~7% macro F1 score, respectively.
GeoChip: a comprehensive microarray for investigating biogeochemical, ecological and environmental processes (2007)

Owing to their vast diversity and as-yet uncultivated status, detection, characterization and quantification of microorganisms in natural settings are very challenging, and linking microbial diversity to ecosystem processes and functions is even more difficult. Microarray-based genomic technology for detecting functional genes and processes has a great promise of overcoming such obstacles. Here, a novel comprehensive microarray, termed GeoChip, has been developed, containing 24,243 oligonucleotide (50 mer) probes and covering >10,000 genes in >150 functional groups involved in nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus cycling, metal reduction and resistance, and organic contaminant degradation. The developed GeoChip was successfully used for tracking the dynamics of metal-reducing bacteria and associated communities for an in situ bioremediation study. This is the first comprehensive microarray currently available for studying biogeochemical processes and functional activities of microbial communities important to human health, agriculture, energy, global climate change, ecosystem management, and environmental cleanup and restoration. It is particularly useful for providing direct linkages of microbial genes/populations to ecosystem processes and functions.
Broadband field-resolved terahertz detection via laser induced air plasma with controlled optical bias (2015)

We report a robust method of coherent detection of broadband THz pulses using terahertz induced second-harmonic (TISH) generation in a laser induced air plasma together with a controlled second harmonic optical bias. We discuss a role of the bias field and its phase in the process of coherent detection. Phase-matching considerations subject to plasma dispersion are also examined.
<tt>synder</tt> : inferring genomic orthologs from synteny maps (2019)

Abstract Ortholog inference is a key step in understanding the evolution and function of a gene or other genomic feature. Yet often no similar sequence can be identified, or the true ortholog is hidden among false positives. A solution is to consider the sequence’s genomic context. We present the generic program, synder , for tracing features of interest between genomes based on a synteny map. This approach narrows genomic search-space independently of the sequence of the feature of interest. We illustrate the utility of synder by finding orthologs for the Arabidopsis thaliana 13-member gene family of Nuclear Factor YC transcription factor across the Brassicaceae clade.
Loss of <scp>SIRT</scp>2 leads to axonal degeneration and locomotor disability associated with redox and energy imbalance (2017)

Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of a family of NAD<sup>+</sup> -dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) that play diverse roles in cellular metabolism and especially for aging process. SIRT2 is located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), and has been reported to regulate a variety of processes including oxidative stress, genome integrity, and myelination. However, little is known about the role of SIRT2 in the nervous system specifically during aging. Here, we show that middle-aged, 13-month-old mice lacking SIRT2 exhibit locomotor dysfunction due to axonal degeneration, which was not present in young SIRT2 mice. In addition, these Sirt2<sup>-/-</sup> mice exhibit mitochondrial depletion resulting in energy failure, and redox dyshomeostasis. Our results provide a novel link between SIRT2 and physiological aging impacting the axonal compartment of the central nervous system, while supporting a major role for SIRT2 in orchestrating its metabolic regulation. This underscores the value of SIRT2 as a therapeutic target in the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases that undergo with axonal degeneration associated with redox and energetic dyshomeostasis.
Cellular and molecular basis of the increased splenic hemopoiesis in mice treated with bacterial cell wall components. (1980)

An analysis was made of the mechanisms responsible for the increased splenic hemopoiesis occurring in mice after the injection of the bacterial cell wall components lipid A and outer membrane lipoprotein. No evidence was obtained for the presence of functional lipid A receptors on hemopoietic precursor cells. Serum from lipid A-injected mice, on injection into normal mice, induced in the spleen an increased content of all hemopoietic progenitor cells. The magnitude of the response was dependent on the dose of lipid A used and the volume of serum transferred to the recipients. C3H/HeJ mice unresponsive to lipid A exhibited similar spleen changes when injected with active post-lipid A sera. Progenitor cells of all hemopoietic lineages, including multipotential hemopoietic stem cells, were involved in the response. The results suggest that a humoral factor mediates the lipid A-induced increase of splenic hemopoiesis.
Banksialactones and Banksiamarins: Isochromanones and Isocoumarins from an Australian Fungus, <i>Aspergillus banksianus</i> (2018)

Chemical investigation of an Australian fungus, Aspergillus banksianus, led to the isolation of the major metabolite banksialactone A (1), eight new isochromanones, banksialactones B-I (2-9), two new isocoumarins, banksiamarins A and B (10 and 11), and the reported compounds, clearanol I (12), dothideomynone A (13), questin (14), and endocrocin (15). The structures of 1-11 were established by NMR spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configurations were determined from optical rotations and ECD spectra in conjunction with TD-DFT calculations. The secondary metabolite profile of A. banksianus is unusual, with the 11 most abundant metabolites belonging to a single isochromanone class. Conjugation of 1 with endocrocin, 5-methylorsellinic acid, 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid, mercaptolactic acid, and an unknown methylthio source gave rise to five unprecedented biosynthetic hybrids, 5-9. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, with hybrid metabolites 7-9 displaying weak cytotoxic and antibiotic activities.
Intracellular calcium and cyclic nucleotide levels modulate neurite guidance by microtopographical substrate features (2016)

Micro- and nanoscale surface features have emerged as potential tools to direct neurite growth into close proximity with next generation neural prosthesis electrodes. However, the signaling events underlying the ability of growth cones to respond to topographical features remain largely unknown. Accordingly, this study probes the influence of [Ca(2+) ]i and cyclic nucleotide levels on the ability of neurites from spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) to precisely track topographical micropatterns. Photopolymerization and photomasking were used to generate micropatterned methacrylate polymer substrates. Dissociated SGN cultures were plated on the micropatterned surfaces. Calcium influx and release from internal stores were manipulated by elevating extracellular K(+) , maintenance in calcium-free media, or bath application of various calcium channel blockers. Cyclic nucleotide activity was increased by application of cpt-cAMP or 8-Br-cGMP. Elevation of [Ca(2+) ]i by treatment of cultures with elevated potassium reduced neurite alignment to physical microfeatures. Maintenance of cultures in Ca(2+) -free medium or treatment with the non-selective voltage-gated calcium channel blocker cadmium or L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine did not signficantly alter SGN neurite alignment. By contrast, ryanodine or xestospongin C, which block release of internal calcium stores via ryanodine-sensitive channels or inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors respectively, each significantly decreased neurite alignment. Cpt-cAMP significantly reduced neurite alignment while 8-Br-cGMP significantly enhanced neurite alignment. Manipulation of [Ca(2+) ]i or cAMP levels significantly disrupts neurite guidance while elevation of cGMP levels increases neurite alignment. The results suggest intracellular signaling pathways similar to those recruited by chemotactic cues are involved in neurite guidance by topographical features. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2037-2048, 2016.
Conical intersection dynamics in a rhodopsin analog: 9-cis isorhodopsin (2011)

An important open question is understanding how the topography around a seam affects the dynamics of transitions between electronic states at CIs. This can be addressed by studying analogs of the visual pigment. In this work we compare the CI dynamics of rhodopsin with that of isorhodopsin, containing a 9-cis retinal which isomerizes around the 9=10 double bond and has a significantly lower quantum yield of only 0.22.
Chemical sensors for breath gas analysis: the latest developments at the Breath Analysis Summit 2013 (2014)

Profiling the body chemistry by means of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath opens exciting new avenues in medical diagnostics. Gas sensors could provide ideal platforms for realizing portable, hand-held breath testing devices in the near future. This review summarizes the latest developments and applications in the field of chemical sensors for diagnostic breath testing that were presented at the Breath Analysis Summit 2013 in Wallerfangen, Germany. Considerable progress has been made towards clinically applicable breath testing devices, especially by utilizing chemo-sensitive nanomaterials. Examples of several specialized breath testing applications are presented that are either based on stand-alone nanomaterial-based sensors being highly sensitive and specific to individual breath compounds over others, or on combinations of several highly specific sensors, or on experimental nanomaterial-based sensors arrays. Other interesting approaches include the adaption of a commercially available MOx-based sensor array to indirect breath testing applications, using a sample pre-concentration method, and the development of compact integrated GC-sensor systems. The recent trend towards device integration has led to the development of fully integrated prototypes of point-of-care devices. We describe and compare the performance of several prototypes that are based on different sensing technologies and evaluate their potential as low-cost and readily available next-generation medical devices.
Outcomes of Oral Tongue Cancer: Does Age Matter? (2010)

Young oral tongue patients did not have worse outcomes.
Low noise, tunable Ho:fiber soliton oscillator for Ho:YLF amplifier seeding (2016)

We present a passively mode-locked, tunable soliton Ho:fiber ring oscillator, optimized for seeding of Ho:YLF amplifiers. The oscillator is independently tunable in central wavelength and spectral width from 2040 nm to 2070 nm and from 5 nm to 10 nm, respectively. At all settings the pulse energy within the soliton is around 800 pJ. The soliton oscillator was optimized to fully meets the spectral requirements for seeding Ho:YLF amplifiers. Its Kelly sidebands are located outside the amplifier gain spectrum, resulting in a train of about 1 ps long pedestal-free pulses with relative intensity noise (RIN) of only 0.13 % RMS when integrated from 1 Hz to Nyquist frequency.
Autonomous optimization of neuroprosthetic stimulation parameters that drive the motor cortex and spinal cord outputs in rats and monkeys (2023)

Neural stimulation can alleviate paralysis and sensory deficits. Novel high-density neural interfaces can enable refined and multipronged neurostimulation interventions. To achieve this, it is essential to develop algorithmic frameworks capable of handling optimization in large parameter spaces. Here, we leveraged an algorithmic class, Gaussian-process (GP)-based Bayesian optimization (BO), to solve this problem. We show that GP-BO efficiently explores the neurostimulation space, outperforming other search strategies after testing only a fraction of the possible combinations. Through a series of real-time multi-dimensional neurostimulation experiments, we demonstrate optimization across diverse biological targets (brain, spinal cord), animal models (rats, non-human primates), in healthy subjects, and in neuroprosthetic intervention after injury, for both immediate and continual learning over multiple sessions. GP-BO can embed and improve "prior" expert/clinical knowledge to dramatically enhance its performance. These results advocate for broader establishment of learning agents as structural elements of neuroprosthetic design, enabling personalization and maximization of therapeutic effectiveness.
Far-infrared photoconductivity in self-organized InAs quantum dots (1998)

We report far-infrared photoconductivity in self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Through use of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a photoconductivity signal peaked at 17 μm is observed from a n–i–n detector structure with doped InAs quantum dots in the intrinsic region. Comparison of photoluminescence and band-to-band photocurrent absorption spectra suggests the far-infrared response is due to intersubband transitions in the quantum dots.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Acidity, and 19F NMR Characteristics of Imidazoles Bearing 1‐Fluorinated Substituents with Potential Application as Probes for Intracellular pH Determination. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance Evaluation of Fiber-Optic Dosimeter According to Current-Time Product of Digital Radiography System (2013)

A fiber-optic dosimeter was developed using a plastic scintillating fiber, a plastic optical fiber, and a photomultiplier tube for measuring entrance surface dose over the low-energy range which is interested in diagnostic radiology. To evaluate the fabricated fiber-optic dosimeter, the scintillating light signals were measured by changing the current-time product whose values were determined by tube current and irradiation time of a digital radiography system. In conclusion, the trend of scintillating light signals of the fiber-optic dosimeter was similar with that of the entrance surface doses of a commercially available semiconductor dosimeter according to the current-time product.
Supplemental Table 1 from Human Papillomavirus Regulates HER3 Expression in Head and Neck Cancer: Implications for Targeted HER3 Therapy in HPV&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinical information describing pharyngeal cancer patient cohort&lt;/p&gt;
USRP based X-band Digital Beam Forming Synthetic Aperture Imaging Radar (2019)

A Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) transceiver is investigated as a digital radar transceiver in an elemental digital beam forming (DBF) up/down converter scheme at X-band that images a scene spatially with signal time division multiplexing (TDM) implemented across multiple input-output (MIMO) transmit-receive elements. This forms a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image of the scene with no moving parts. A wide instantaneous bandwidth (IBW) of 44.8 MHz is achieved with an Ettus Research B200 USRP that transmits and receives linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulses that are synchronized between two transmit antenna elements and eight receive antenna elements forming 16 virtual elements that resolve 1.17 degrees of spatial angular resolution across +/- 8.75 degrees of unambiguous field of view. A peripheral commercial Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) evaluation board is used to generate a one pulse per second (1PPS) timing signal to synchronize the USRP generated waveform with the RF switches that excite each transmit/receive virtual element. A commercial component based up/down converter front end extends the RF carrier frequency of the USRP to 10 GHz at each switched aperture element.
Orthogonal mapping in two dimensions (1992)

A method for the generation of orthogonal boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinates for arbitrary simply- and doubly-connected domains is developed on the basis of the theory of quasi-conformal mappings of quadrilaterals and of previous work by Ryskin and Leal. The method has useful applications in orthogonal grid generation in two-dimensional and axi-symmetric domains and in the extension of rapid elliptic solvers and spectral methods to complex geometries. A new technique for the calculation of the conformal module of quadrilaterals is also presented.
Up-link characterisation of multi-beam LMDS system with perturbed cell plan (2002)

The driving forces behind the development of new broadband access systems are telecommunication operator requirements for access systems as well as users' increased bandwidth demands. In this context, broadband wireless systems such as LMDS (local multipoint distribution system) are competitive and complementary techniques to copper and fiber access. LMDS networks using wide-beam radio node antennas have a capacity asymmetry in up-link/down-link due to up-link interference limitation. C/I-simulations have been performed in up-link for both sector-beam and multiple-beam radio node antennas to compare the performance. It is expected that multi-beam antennas can be used to reduce the interference level in up-link. The up-link C/I-performance of a cellular network with irregular positioned hubs is analyzed, both for sector and three-beam node antennas.
Technical note: Uncovering the influence of methodological variations on the extractability of iron-bound organic carbon (2021)

Abstract. Association of organic carbon (OC) with reactive iron (FeR) represents an important mechanism by which OC is protected against remineralisation in soils and marine sediments. Recent studies indicate that the molecular structure of organic compounds and/or the identity of associated FeR phases exert a control on the ability of an OC–FeR complex to be extracted by the citrate–bicarbonate–dithionite (CBD) method. However, many variations of the CBD extraction are used, and these are often uncalibrated to each other, rendering comparisons of OC–FeR values extracted via the different methods impossible. Here, we created synthetic ferrihydrite samples coprecipitated with simple organic structures and subjected these to modifications of the most common CBD method. We altered some of the method parameters (reagent concentration, time of the extraction and sample preparation methods) and measured FeR recovery to determine which (if any) modifications affected the release of FeR from the synthetic sample. We provide an assessment of the reducing capacity of Na dithionite in the CBD method (the amount of Fe reduced by a fixed amount of dithionite) and find that the concentration of dithionite deployed can limit OC–FeR extractability for sediments with a high FeR content. Additionally, we show that extending the length of any CBD extraction offers no benefit in removing FeR. Moreover, we demonstrate that for synthetic OC–FeR samples dominated by ferrihydrite, freeze-drying samples can significantly reduce OC–FeR extractability; this appears to be less of an issue for natural marine sediments where natural ageing mechanisms may mimic the freeze-drying process for more stable Fe phases. While our study is not an all-inclusive method comparison and is not aimed at delivering the “perfect” extraction setup, our findings provide a collected summary of critical factors which influence the efficiency of the CBD extraction for OC–FeR. As such, we provide a platform from which OC–FeR values obtained under different methods can be interpreted and future studies of sediment carbon cycling can build upon.
<i>β</i>‐Cyclodextrin‐Promoted Addition of Benzeneselenol to Conjugated Alkenes in Water (2009)

Abstract magnified image For the first time, a mild and efficient procedure was developed for the conjugate addition of α , β ‐unsaturated compounds to benzeneselenol providing β ‐(phenylseleno)‐substituted compounds ( Scheme ). The reaction was promoted by β ‐cyclodextrin, proceeded in H 2 O at room temperature, and gave impressive yields ( Table ). The mechanism of the addition reaction, taking place within the cyclodextrin cavity, was supported by the analysis of the guests and host signals in the 1 H‐NMR spectra ( Fig. 1 ).
Thermodynamic modeling of phases equilibrium in aqueous systems to recover potassium chloride from natural brines (2016)

Chemical fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate and other chemical products like sodium hydroxide and soda ash are produced from electrolyte solutions or brines with a high content of soluble salts. Some of these products are manufactured by fractional crystallization, when several salts are separated as solid phases with high purity (>90%). Due to the large global demand for potassium fertilizers, a good knowledge about the compositions of salts and brines is helpful to design an effective process. A thermodynamic model based on Pitzer and Harvie's model was used to predict the composition of crystallized salts after water removal by forced evaporation and cooling from multicomponent solutions or brines. Initially, the salts’ solubilities in binary systems (NaCl–H2O, KCl–H2O and MgCl2–H2O) and ternary system (KCl–MgCl2–H2O) were calculated at 20 °C and compared with literature data. Next, the model was compared to our experimental data on the quinary system NaCl–KCl–MgCl2–CaCl2–H2O system at 20 °C. The Pitzer and Harvie's model represented well both the binary and ternary systems. Besides, for the quinary system the fit was good for brine densities up to 1350 kg/m3. The models were used to estimate the chemical composition of the solutions and salts produced by fractional crystallization and in association with material balance to respond to issues related to the production rates in a solar pond containing several salts dissolved, for instance, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2.