gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HER‐2 profiling and targeting in prostate carcinoma (2002)

BACKGROUND The clinical effects of targeting HER-2 in prostate carcinoma are not known. This study explored the feasibility of molecular profiling to determine the correlation between HER-2 expression, hormonal sensitivity, and the antitumor effects of trastuzumab and paclitaxel in patients with prostate carcinoma. METHODS Patients with progressive androgen dependent (AD) and androgen independent (AI) prostate carcinoma were eligible to participate in the study. HER-2 expression was assessed on pretreatment tissue specimens, and patients were then assigned to one of four treatment groups: AD HER-2 positive, AD HER-2 negative, AI HER-2 positive, and AI HER-2 negative. They were treated with weekly trastuzumab at a dose of 2 mg/kg (after a 4 mg/kg loading dose) until they experienced disease progression, when weekly paclitaxel at 100 mg/m2 was added. RESULTS The authors screened 130 patients for HER-2 expression. In total, 23 patients were treated. Six eligible patients had HER-2 positive disease; therefore, only the AI HER-2 negative arm accrued to completion. All patients (100%) experienced disease progression on trastuzumab alone at or before the first 12 weeks of treatment. Fifteen patients received combined therapy: Seven patients (47%) experienced disease progression, 5 patients (33%) had stable disease, and 3 patients (20%) had a decline ≥ 50% in prostate specific antigen PSA level or in soft tissue disease. HER-2 overexpression was found in significant proportions only in AI metastatic tissue samples (42% HER-2 positive; 95% confidence interval, 14–60%). In three of nine matched pairs, the AD prostate biopsy was HER-2 negative, and the AI metastatic sample was HER-2 positive. CONCLUSIONS Trastuzumab is not effective as a single agent for the treatment of patients with AI HER-2 negative tumors. HER-2 expression varies by clinical state in patients with prostate carcinoma: Accurate HER-2 profiling requires sampling metastatic tissue in patients with metastatic disease. Further development of trastuzumab for the treatment of patients with metastatic prostate carcinoma is not feasible until more reliable and practical methods of sampling metastatic disease are developed to identify patients with HER-2 positive tumors. Cancer 2002;94:980–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10339
Reduction of eddy‐current‐induced distortion in diffusion MRI using a twice‐refocused spin echo (2002)

Image distortion due to field gradient eddy currents can create image artifacts in diffusion-weighted MR images. These images, acquired by measuring the attenuation of NMR signal due to directionally dependent diffusion, have recently been shown to be useful in the diagnosis and assessment of acute stroke and in mapping of tissue structure. This work presents an improvement on the spin-echo (SE) diffusion sequence that displays less distortion and consequently improves image quality. Adding a second refocusing pulse provides better image quality with less distortion at no cost in scanning efficiency or effectiveness, and allows more flexible diffusion gradient timing. By adjusting the timing of the diffusion gradients, eddy currents with a single exponential decay constant can be nulled, and eddy currents with similar decay constants can be greatly reduced. This new sequence is demonstrated in phantom measurements and in diffusion anisotropy images of normal human brain.
Qualitative coronary artery calcium assessment on CT lung screening exam helps predict first cardiac events (2018)

Qualitative coronary artery calcification scoring of CTLS exams may provide a novel method to help select individuals at elevated risk for an initial cardiac event.
Measurement of Bragg wavelength distribution in a long-length fiber Bragg grating by synthesis of optical coherence function (2008)

A sensor system for measuring continuous Bragg wavelength distribution in a long-length fiber Bragg grating is newly proposed and implemented, based on the technique of synthesis of optical coherence function. Experimental results and simulations are comparatively examined.
Asymmetric synthesis of yohimban alkaloids. Total synthesis of (-)-pseudo- and (-)-alloyohimban (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis of yohimban alkaloids. Total synthesis of (-)-pseudo- and (-)-alloyohimbanA. I. Meyers, Thomas K. Highsmith, and Paul T. BuonoraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 9, 2960–2964Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00009a007Request reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (711 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Efficient Large-Scale Language Model Training on GPU Clusters Using\n Megatron-LM (2021)

Large language models have led to state-of-the-art accuracies across a range\nof tasks. However, training these models efficiently is challenging for two\nreasons: a) GPU memory capacity is limited, making it impossible to fit large\nmodels on even a multi-GPU server, and b) the number of compute operations\nrequired to train these models can result in unrealistically long training\ntimes. Consequently, new methods of model parallelism such as tensor and\npipeline parallelism have been proposed. Unfortunately, naive usage of these\nmethods leads to fundamental scaling issues at thousands of GPUs, e.g., due to\nexpensive cross-node communication or devices spending significant time waiting\non other devices to make progress.\n In this paper, we show how different types of parallelism methods (tensor,\npipeline, and data parallelism) can be composed to scale to thousands of GPUs\nand models with trillions of parameters. We survey techniques for pipeline\nparallelism and propose a novel interleaved pipeline parallelism schedule that\ncan improve throughput by 10+% with memory footprint comparable to existing\napproaches. We quantitatively study the trade-offs between tensor, pipeline,\nand data parallelism, and provide intuition as to how to configure distributed\ntraining of a large model. Our approach allows us to perform training\niterations on a model with 1 trillion parameters at 502 petaFLOP/s on 3072 GPUs\nwith achieved per-GPU throughput of 52% of theoretical peak. Our code is open\nsourced at https://github.com/nvidia/megatron-lm.\n
Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Stability of Ceramic Acetabular Components and Evaluation of ROM in Articulating Hip Joints (2011)

Ceramic articular surfaces are now widely used as total hip replacements for young and active patients. However, while the excellent tribological properties and high biocompatibility of ceramic articular surfaces prevent loosening and osteolysis, their high stiffness and low ductility occasionally result in ceramic surface fractures. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of varying the sizes of the acetabular components on the mechanical stability. Three femoral head models and 27 acetabular cup models were designed following three size parameters: ball head diameter (28, 32, and 36 mm), acetabular cup thickness (3, 4, and 5 mm), and liner thickness (9, 10, and 11 mm). For all these models, the mechanical stability was evaluated using 3D finite element analyses. Plus, the motion of the 3 femoral head models was measured in six directions using a motion study. The results showed that the maximum stress was decreased when increasing the sizes of the cup, liner, and femoral head, where the 36 mm ball head, 5 mm cup, and 11 mm liner showed the lowest maximum stress, while the 36 mm femoral head exhibited the largest range of motion. The acetabular cup stability was also shown to be affected by the stiffness of the components, where increasing the head size or thickness of the cup and liner increased the component stiffness and range of motion. Thus, the mechanical simulation demonstrated that increasing the size of the acetabular components decreased the ceramic surface stress and risk of impingement.
二液分離油の反射分光摩擦面その場観察装置を用いたしゅう動部油膜その場分析 (2018)

Two phase lubricant has attracted attention as a lubricant oil with little change in viscosity with temperature change. The two phase lubricants consist of the low and high viscosity base oils which are miscible at high temperature but not at lower temperature.For exmaple, Mineral or synthetic base oil are used as a low viscosity lubricant and PAG is used as a high viscosity lubricant for two phase lubricant. In the high temperature region, PAG is mixed into mineral or synthetic base oil and the viscosity reduction is relieved. However, with this two phase lubricant, the structure and frictional characteristics of the oil film at the sliding part have not been elucidated. In this paper, in-situ analysis of the oil film formed on the friction surface was carried out using a reflection spectroscopic film thickness meter. In addition, focusing on the difference in molecular structure between PAG and PAO, oil film analysis was carried out using an oil film model having a three-layer structure in which a PAG adsorption layer having a functional group and a polar molecule exists. As a result of using two phase lubricant, it was shown that the frictional characteristics with temperature change are different.
Regulation of Cellulase Formation in Clostridium thermocellum (1985)

Summary: True cellulase activity (i.e. degradation of crystalline cellulose) was markedly derepressed when cellobiose-grown cells were transferred to fructose or sorbitol, especially while the cells were adapting over many hours to these carbon sources. On the other hand, the long lag phase on glucose was not accompanied by derepression. Transfer to cellobiose resulted in low cellulase production. Growth on crystalline cellulose derepressed cellulase production. Addition of cellobiose (the preferred carbon source for growth) to cells adapting to fructose caused a rapid burst of growth and cessation of cellulase synthesis. After cells had adapted to growth on fructose or sorbitol, repression set in and, after a number of transfers, growth on these carbon sources yielded cellulase at a level even lower than with cellobiose or glucose. It appears that rapid growth on a soluble sugar such as cellobiose causes carbon source repression which is relieved during slow growth on crystalline cellulose or during the growth lag on fructose or sorbitol. The reason for the lack of cellulase derepression during the growth lag on glucose is unexplained.
A new kind of wireless mouse (2016)

Scientists typically control the behavior of a lab mouse by enticing it with food or repelling it with puffs of air. When I gathered with my colleagues in a Stanford University lab, however, we had a more direct way: We took command of its brain with a shining light. Implanted in that mouse's brain was a device about the size of a peppercorn. When we used our wireless power system to switch it on, the device glowed with a blue light that activated genetically engineered brain cells in the premotor cortex, which sends signals to the muscles. We watched in amazement as the mouse stopped its random motions and began to run in neat circles around the cage.
1B33 Benchmark of Control Algorithm for Flywheel with Active Magnetic Bearing on Electric Vehicle(The 12th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control) (2014)

The paper presents the benchmark of control algorithm for flywheel energy storage system (FESS) with active magnetic bearing (AMB) on electric vehicle (EV). EV (especially, battery EV) cannot run long distance than gasoline vehicles. One of the solutions of this problem is using AMB FESS. If AMB FESS is useful for charger and discharger, EV can run long distance. But, because AMB FESS is unstable system, it must be controlled. Moreover, applying AMB FESS to EV, it will be complex system. So, it is necessary to benchmark controllers which are applied to AMB FESS on EV. Because of satisfying requirements of design which were given by motor companies, robust adaptive controllers were selected for AMB FESS controllers. The controllers were benchmarked by some evaluate items in simulation. The evaluate items are difficulty of design, disturbance suppression, and power consumption. Difficulty of design was quantitatively evaluated by the number of tuning parameters. Disturbance suppression was quantitatively evaluated by 2 norm and infinity norm of the displacement of flywheel rotor. Power consumption was quantitatively evaluated by the original function. Simulation was done on the assumption that normal driving by the flywheel-car (which was made by our group). Through the benchmark, interesting results and tendency are found. The most interesting result or tendency is that the controllers which have high rigidity and appropriate bias input can suppress power consumption of course disturbance. So, the first challengeable controller - Simple Adaptive Controller with epsilonl-modification and variable gamma approach (using bias control method) is proposed and verified the best robust adaptive control algorithm for AMB FESS on EV. The controller has high rigidity and appropriate bias input and can design easily. The controller has not so many tuning parameters.
Surface plasmon-enhanced transverse magnetic second-harmonic generation (2013)

We present experimental studies on surface plasmon (SP) enhanced transverse magnetic second-harmonic generation (T-MSHG) in single-crystal iron films grown by molecular beam epitaxy at room temperature on MgO (001) substrates. We show that it is possible to achieve both strongly enhanced T-MSHG intensity and high magnetic contrast ratio under attenuated total reflection configuration without using complex heterostructures because MSHG is generated directly at the iron surface where SPs are present. The T-MSHG has a much larger contrast ratio than transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE) and shows great potential for a new generation of bio-chemical sensors due to its very high surface sensitivity. In addition, by analyzing the experimental results and the simulations based on SP field-enhancement theory, we demonstrate that the second-order susceptibility of MSHG shows great anisotropy and the tensor χ(xzz)(odd) is dominant in our sample.
Blends of Aromatic Polyethers Bearing Polar Pyridine Units and Their Evaluation as High Temperature Polymer Electrolytes (2009)

Abstract Aromatic polyethers containing polar pyridine units in the main chain have been synthesized using different difluoride monomers. Copolymers of 2,5‐(4′,4″dihydroxy biphenyl)‐pyridine and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐diol with bis(4‐fluorophenyl) sulfone or phenyl phosphine oxide difluoride or decafluorobiphenyl (PTMPySF, PTMPyPO, PTMPyDF) were synthesized. These polymeric structures despite their common structural characteristics, showed totally different behavior in terms of solubility and acid doping ability. Blends of these copolymers have been prepared in order to be evaluated in terms of fuel cell relevant parameters like acid doping ability and conductivity. In most cases flexible membranes were obtained by solution casting. The acid doping ability was controlled based on the blend constituents and composition. The doped membranes exhibited high conductivity values, in the range of 10 −3 S/cm at room temperature which is increased at 2.5 × 10 −2 S/cm at temperatures up to 180 °C.
Automatic Tuning of PID Cascade Controllers for Servo Systems (1998)

ABSTRACTThe paper presents a cascade control system for linear servo systems, using a PID-PD pair of controllers for the inner velocity loop and outer position loop. These controllers are tuned automatically 0from a modified relay experiment so that the closed-loop frequency response satisfy user specified closed-loop requirements. Minimal prior information are required of the servo dynamics. Several simulation examples and a real time experiment are included for demonstration.
High spurious free dynamic range fibre link usinga semiconductor electroabsorption modulator (1995)

A 1.32 µm suboctave analogue fibre optic link with a measured spurious free dynamic range of 123 dBHz4/5 has been demonstrated at an average detector photocurrent of 0.25 mA. This link employs a packaged InGaAsP electroabsorption waveguide modulator biased to suppress the third-order intermodulation distortion.
Animal models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (2017)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), due to vascular amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, is a risk factor for intracerebral haemorrhage and dementia. CAA can occur in sporadic or rare hereditary forms, and is almost invariably associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental (animal) models are of great interest in studying mechanisms and potential treatments for CAA. Naturally occurring animal models of CAA exist, including cats, dogs and non-human primates, which can be used for longitudinal studies. However, due to ethical considerations and low throughput of these models, other animal models are more favourable for research. In the past two decades, a variety of transgenic mouse models expressing the human Aβ precursor protein (APP) has been developed. Many of these mouse models develop CAA in addition to senile plaques, whereas some of these models were generated specifically to study CAA. In addition, other animal models make use of a second stimulus, such as hypoperfusion or hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), to accelerate CAA. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review of existing animal models for CAA, which can aid in understanding the pathophysiology of CAA and explore the response to potential therapies.
Interface Fracture Energy of Contact Layers in a Solid Oxide Cell Stack (2020)

A critical factor for improving the long-term stability/reliability of solid oxide cell stacks is ensuring good adhesion between the stack components. Specifically, ensuring strong adherence between the oxygen electrode and the interconnect is challenging. This work compares the suitability of several materials as contact layers between a La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ-Ce0.8Gd0.2O2 composite oxygen electrode and Mn1.5Co1.5O4- or Co-coated metallic interconnects. The contact materials were screened on the basis of measurements of the interface fracture energy using four-point bending of sandwiched samples. The highest fracture energies were measured using a CuMn metallic, spinel-forming foam as the contact layer. The fracture energy of the interface between a Mn1.5Co1.5O4-coated interconnect and the contact layer is ∼8 times higher using the CuMn foam compared with using conventional (La0.8Sr0.2)0.98MnO3-σ, La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ, (La0.8Sr0.2)0.98MnO3-σ + La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ or LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 as the contact material. The interface bonding and fracture mechanisms are discussed on the basis of scanning electron microscopy investigations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and SAR Studies of Novel Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives as Potent, Orally Active Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stability of Glass Ceramic Sealants in Atmospheres with Increased Water Contents (2023)

Operating solid oxide cells (SOC) in the fuel cell moder as well as in electrolyser mode increases the demands on the stability of glass-based sealants due to higher cell voltages and water contents in the steam atmospheres. Glasses in the system BaO-CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 with B 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 -additions form glass ceramics with extraordinary high CTE-values, suitable as sealants compatible with Crofer 22 APU interconnect in electrolyte supported stacks. The intrinsic properties of a set of glasses are characterized. Sandwich type sealing samples are exposed to a dual atmosphere at 850 °C with an electric voltage of 1,3 V applied across the sealants and a water content of 50 % in the steam atmosphere. In this out-of-stack environment, the resistance of the sealants is recorded. Their resistance over aging time indicates degradation phenomena like interface reactions. By SEM analysis, reactions between sealants and steel interconnect can be correlated with insulating characteristics.
Holographic surface gratings in iron-doped lithium niobate (2001)

Surface gratings associated with holographic volume gratings in photorefractive crystals of iron-doped lithium niobate have been studied using diffraction of a reflected probe beam and high-resolution phase-shifted interferometric profilometry. Both techniques show that the surface gratings exist in the form of periodical corrugations of the same period as that of the volume grating. The maximum amplitude of the periodical surface relief measured by both techniques is close to 6.5 nm. We also demonstrated that the periodical electric forces on the surface were capable of assembling polystyrene microspheres along the fringes of the grating. Large amplitude of the periodic electric field (1.6×104 V/cm) is associated with the photogalvanic effect.
Chronic Wound Image Augmentation and Assessment Using Semi-Supervised Progressive Multi-Granularity EfficientNet (2023)

<i>Goal:</i> Augment a small, imbalanced, wound dataset by using semi-supervised learning with a secondary dataset. Then utilize the augmented wound dataset for deep learning-based wound assessment. <i>Methods:</i> The clinically-validated Photographic Wound Assessment Tool (PWAT) scores eight wound attributes: Size, Depth, Necrotic Tissue Type, Necrotic Tissue Amount, Granulation Tissue type, Granulation Tissue Amount, Edges, Periulcer Skin Viability to comprehensively assess chronic wound images. A small corpus of 1639 wound images labeled with ground truth PWAT scores was used as reference. A Semi-Supervised learning and Progressive Multi-Granularity training mechanism were used to leverage a secondary corpus of 9870 unlabeled wound images. Wound scoring utilized the EfficientNet Convolutional Neural Network on the augmented wound corpus. <i>Results:</i> Our proposed Semi-Supervised PMG EfficientNet (SS-PMG-EfficientNet) approach estimated all 8 PWAT sub-scores with classification accuracies and F1 scores of about 90% on average, and outperformed a comprehensive list of baseline models and had a 7% improvement over the prior state-of-the-art (without data augmentation). We also demonstrate that synthetic wound image generation using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) did not improve wound assessment. <i>Conclusions:</i> Semi-supervised learning on unlabeled wound images in a secondary dataset achieved impressive performance for deep learning-based wound grading.