gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Description of Corner Cases in Automated Driving: Goals and Challenges (2021)

Scaling the distribution of automated vehicles requires handling various unexpected and possibly dangerous situations, termed corner cases (CC). Since many modules of automated driving systems are based on machine learning (ML), CC are an essential part of the data for their development. However, there is only a limited amount of CC data in large-scale data collections, which makes them challenging in the context of ML. With a better understanding of CC, offline applications, e.g., dataset analysis, and online methods, e.g., improved performance of automated driving systems, can be improved. While there are knowledge-based descriptions and taxonomies for CC, there is little research on machine-interpretable descriptions. In this extended abstract, we will give a brief overview of the challenges and goals of such a description.
AAV-Delivered Tulp1 Supplementation Therapy Targeting Photoreceptors Provides Minimal Benefit in Tulp1−/− Retinas (2020)

With marketing approval of the first ocular gene therapy, and other gene therapies in clinical trial, treatments for inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) have become a reality. Biallelic mutations in the tubby like protein 1 gene (<i>TULP1</i>) are causative of IRDs in humans; a mouse knock-out model (<i>Tulp1-/-</i>) is characterized by a similar disease phenotype. We developed a <i>Tulp1</i> supplementation therapy for <i>Tulp1-/-</i> mice. Utilizing subretinal AAV2/5 delivery at postnatal day (p)2-3 and rhodopsin-kinase promoter (<i>GRK1P</i>) we targeted <i>Tulp1</i> to photoreceptor cells exploring three doses, 2.2E9, 3.7E8, and 1.2E8 vgs. <i>Tulp1</i> mRNA and TULP1 protein were assessed by RT-qPCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry, and visual function by electroretinography. Our results indicate that TULP1 was expressed in photoreceptors; achieved levels of <i>Tulp1</i> mRNA and protein were similar to wild type levels at p20. However, the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) did not improve in treated <i>Tulp1-/-</i> mice. There was a small and transient electroretinography benefit in the treated retinas at 4 weeks of age (not observed by 6 weeks) when using 3.7E8 vg dose. Dark-adapted mixed rod and cone a- and b-wave amplitudes were 24.3 ± 13.5 μV and 52.2 ± 31.7 μV in treated <i>Tulp1-/-</i> mice, which were significantly different (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>t</i>-test), from those detected in untreated eyes (7.1 ± 7.0 μV and 9.4 ± 15.1 μV, respectively). Our results indicate that <i>Tulp1</i> supplementation in photoreceptors may not be sufficient to provide robust benefit in <i>Tulp1-/-</i> mice. As such, further studies are required to fine tune the <i>Tulp1</i> supplementation therapy, which, in principle, should rescue the <i>Tulp1-/-</i> phenotype.
Workload in Human-Robot Interaction: A Review of Manipulations and Outcomes (2009)

The current study reviews the relationship between manipulations of teleoperator workload and task outcomes, using multiple resource theory as the underlying framework. Results indicated that controlling more than two platforms is detrimental to many performance indices (reaction time, error rate), but overall productivity improves. For studies that manipulated workload for a single robot task, visual demands were a limiting factor, and interventions which reduced visual demands improved performance. The review concludes with guiding principles for managing workload and improving teleoperator performance.
A study of antimitochondrial antibodies in a random population in Estonia. (1997)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the spontaneous destruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts. The hallmark serologic feature of PBC is the presence of high-titer antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). Both the incidence and prevalence of PBC varies geographically; epidemiological data may provide valuable insight regarding the pathogenic mechanisms and etiology of disease. Thus far, the majority of studies on the occurrence of PBC and AMAs have been derived from autopsy, mortality figures, or hospital admission records. The numbers reported reflect only those patients with clinical disease. To address this issue, an adult population sample representing all age groups in the village of Karksi-Nuia in southern Estonia was selected for a study of AMA incidence. This village has unique features that make it ideal for such a study. First, the village is remote and a substantial number of families have lived in the area for generations. There is also a limited influx of new families into the village, therefore providing a limited genetic repertoire. In this unselected adult population, we examined AMA incidence by both immunoblot and ELISA, using native and recombinant antigens. Of the 1461 people studied, 13 (0.89%) were AMA positive. A similar frequency (0.96%) was found among 104 persons from a neighboring village, who subsequently joined the study. Our study suggests that the presence of AMA in Estonia is in agreement with the reported incidence of less than 1% AMA in a mixed hospital population.
Dual-Lattice Ordering and Partial Lattice Reduction for SIC-Based MIMO Detection (2009)

In this paper, we propose low-complexity lattice detection algorithms for successive interference cancelation (SIC) in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communications. First, we present a dual-lattice view of the vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) detection. We show that V-BLAST ordering is equivalent to applying sorted QR decomposition to the dual basis, or equivalently, applying sorted Cholesky decomposition to the associated Gram matrix. This new view results in lower detection complexity and allows simultaneous ordering and detection. Second, we propose a partial reduction algorithm that only performs lattice reduction for the last several, weak substreams, whose implementation is also facilitated by the dual-lattice view. By tuning the block size of the partial reduction (hence the complexity), it can achieve a variable diversity order, hence offering a graceful tradeoff between performance and complexity for SIC-based MIMO detection. Numerical results are presented to compare the computational costs and to verify the achieved diversity order.
A doubly responsive probe for the detection of Cys4-tagged proteins (2016)

International audience
ALVAC-HIV B/C candidate HIV vaccine efficacy dependent on neutralization profile of challenge virus and adjuvant dose and type (2019)

The ALVAC-HIV clade B/AE and equivalent SIV-based/gp120 + Alum vaccines successfully decreased the risk of virus acquisition in humans and macaques. Here, we tested the efficacy of HIV clade B/C ALVAC/gp120 vaccine candidates + MF59 or different doses of Aluminum hydroxide (Alum) against SHIV-Cs of varying neutralization sensitivity in macaques. Low doses of Alum induced higher mucosal V2-specific IgA that increased the risk of Tier 2 SHIV-C acquisition. High Alum dosage, in contrast, elicited serum IgG to V2 that correlated with a decreased risk of Tier 1 SHIV-C acquisition. MF59 induced negligible mucosal antibodies to V2 and an inflammatory profile with blood C-reactive Protein (CRP) levels correlating with neutralizing antibody titers. MF59 decreased the risk of Tier 1 SHIV-C acquisition. The relationship between vaccine efficacy and the neutralization profile of the challenge virus appear to be linked to the different immunological spaces created by MF59 and Alum via CXCL10 and IL-1β, respectively.
Stem Cell Therapy in Heart Diseases: A Review of Selected New Perspectives,Practical Considerations and Clinical Applications (2011)

Degeneration of cardiac tissues is considered a major cause of mortality in the western world and is expected to be a greater problem in the forthcoming decades. Cardiac damage is associated with dysfunction and irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. Stem cell therapy for ischemic heart failure is very promising approach in cardiovascular medicine. Initial trials have indicated the ability of cardiomyocytes to regenerate after myocardial injury. These preliminary trials aim to translate cardiac regeneration strategies into clinical practice. In spite of advances, current therapeutic strategies to ischemic heart failure remain very limited. Moreover, major obstacles still need to be solved before stem cell therapy can be fully applied. This review addresses the current state of research and experimental data regarding embryonic stem cells (ESCs), myoblast transplantation, histological and functional analysis of transplantation of co-cultured myoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, as well as comparison between mononuclear and mesenchymal stem cells in a model of myocardium infarction. We also discuss how research with stem cell transplantation could translate to improvement of cardiac function.
Abstract P177: Circulating Ketone Bodies and Mortality in Heart Failure: A Community Cohort Study (2023)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with metabolic alterations, including ketogenesis. However, determinants of ketogenesis and risk of mortality in HF is not defined. Total ketone bodies (KB) include β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone and can be measured in plasma by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between KB and clinical characteristics in a community HF cohort and to assess the association between KB and all-cause mortality. Methods: A population-based cohort of 1,389 HF patients was prospectively enrolled between 2003 and 2012. Plasma KB was measured by LP4 NMR LipoProfile ® assay/test on the Vantera® NMR analyzer platform. A conditional inference tree method (ctree R Package) was used to determine optimal KB group cut points. Associations between clinical characteristics and KB were measured with Wilcoxon rank sum test and Pearson’s Chi-squared test. Kaplan-Meier method estimated survival. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate associations between KB concentrations and mortality. Results: Among the 1,382 HF patients with KB measurements, the median age was 78 years (IQR 68-84) and 52% were men. Median KB was 180 μM (IQR 134-308). Patients were divided into two groups with lower KB (≤471.5 μM) and higher KB (&gt;471.5 μM). Patients with higher KB (N=210) had lower BMI, higher BNP, and were more likely to be in the New York Heart Association class III-IV; however, these patients were less likely to have hyperlipidemia, coronary disease, or diabetes mellitus (P &lt; 0.05). Age, sex, creatinine, ejection fraction, or Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic HF (MAGGIC) score did not differ by KB group. Higher KB was associated with worse survival (figure). After adjustment for the MAGGIC score, higher KB was associated with increased risk of mortality (HR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.08-1.48). Conclusions: In this community HF cohort, higher KB was associated with increased mortality, independent of the MAGGIC score.
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is raised in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot study (2011)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, which may be caused by elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). ADMA reduces nitric oxide production in diabetes mellitus, hypertension and renal failure. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a stereoisomer produced alongside ADMA, and has recently been described as a risk factor for cardiovascular events. In this cross-sectional study based in a teaching hospital, 16 women with PCOS were recruited alongside 15 healthy controls, and fasting venous blood samples were obtained. Renal function was measured, and ADMA and SDMA were analysed using a high-performance liquid chromatography method. After controlling for BMI, mean ADMA and SDMA levels in women with PCOS were higher than in controls (p = 0.036 and p = 0.030, respectively). Renal function was not different between the two groups (p = 0.152). Women with PCOS have raised levels of SDMA, a molecule implicated in endothelial dysfunction and long-term cardiovascular risk.
Abstract 3206: Three-dimensional hyaluronan hydrogel culture systems facilitate study of the complex microenvironment of bone metastatic prostate cancer cells (2012)

Abstract The bone marrow microenvironment is a complex milieu, containing various stromal and endothelial cell populations as well as a unique extracellular matrix. To better understand cellular interactions that occur in potentially lethal stage IV prostate cancer (PCa), it is helpful to recreate the bone marrow microenvironment. Traditional two dimensional (2D) cell culture systems do not accurately portray this environment, since culture on plastic activates atypical signaling pathways and makes co-culture of various cell types difficult. To overcome these limitations, we developed novel methods of three-dimensional (3D) culture to study the biology of bone metastatic PCa cells. These 3D culture systems utilize ECM-modified hyaluronan (HA) hydrogels to culture PCa cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) in a variety of well controlled configurations. The HA hydrogel reflects the low modulus environment of the bone marrow as well as HA's prevalence within the tissue. Various types of PCa cells, including cells derived from patient bone metastases, were cultured in HA hydrogels and viability was maintained as assessed by live/dead assays over time. Because HA is a bio-active signaling molecule that can interact with PCa cells through its receptors, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) or receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM), changes in morphology and signaling pathway activation were observed in response to the HA hydrogel culture. To investigate how PCa and BMSC interact, we encapsulated BMSC (HS27a) within a collagen-modified HA hydrogel. These cells formed a reticular network in the 3D matrix, reminiscent of the architecture of bone marrow stroma. When co-cultured with BMSC, bone metastatic PCa cells adhered to the reticular network of stromal cells and exhibited phenotypic changes suggesting neuroendocrine differentiation. We are developing a bilayered HA-based system to model, in 3D, the interface between PCa and the bone marrow stroma. Our model system includes 6 mm diameter disks of HA composed of two well-defined layers, one encapsulating BMSCs and the other containing PCa cells; each cell line can be labeled with a different fluorescent protein. These bilayered disks can be imaged to study the means of invasion of PCa into bone marrow stroma mimicking metastasis. Changes in cell-cell interactions and in cell morphologies in 3D can be imaged without disturbing the dynamic system, allowing for experiments to be monitored over time. These structured 3D units provide a novel means to study cancer and stroma invasiveness, cell-cell interactions and phenotypic changes in a 3D biomimetic system that simulates the bone microenvironment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3206. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3206
Bootstrap Currents and its Scaling in the Non-Circular Tokamaks. (1992)

The bootstrap current (BSC) in non-circular tokamaks is studied with a simplified
[IC‐P‐178]: HEAD‐TO‐HEAD <i>IN VIVO</i> COMPARISON OF TAU‐SPECIFIC PET TRACERS IN ALZHEIMER's DISEASE: [<sup>11</sup>C]THK5351 VERSUS [<sup>11</sup>C]PBB3 PET IMAGING (2017)

During the past five years, the development of tau-specific PET tracers has enabled the visualization of tau deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as other tauopathies. In vitro evidence highlights differences in the binding characteristics of tau-specific PET tracers, deriving from different chemical families. In this study we evaluated in vivo and in the same patients with AD the binding of two chemically different tau-specific PET tracers, [11C]THK5351 and [11C]PBB3. Ten patients with prodromal AD or AD dementia (63.9±6.2yrs.) were recruited after thorough clinical assessment. More specifically, all patients had objective cognitive impairment (MMSE=27.6±2.1) and CSF biomarker evidence supportive of the presence of AD pathological changes (Dubois, B. et al. Lancet Neurol. 2014). All patients underwent multimodal imaging with the tau-specific tracers [11C]THK5351 and [11C]PBB3 on the same day, the amyloid-specific tracer [11C]AZD2184 as well as a T1 MRI sequence. All patients showed high widespread cortical binding of the amyloid-specific tracer [11C]AZD2184. Binding of the tau-specific tracers, [11C]THK5351 and [11C]PBB3, was observed in the temporal lobes as well as other isocortical areas, however, the distribution pattern was distinct from that of [11C]AZD2184 binding. Greater load of grey matter binding was observed for [11C]THK5351 in comparison to [11C]PBB3, with regional differences noted in the binding patterns of the tau tracers, especially in the temporal lobes. Distinct areas showing off-target binding for every tracer were identified. The tau-specific tracers, [11C]THK5351 and [11C]PBB3, show differences in both the load and the regional distribution of their binding in the brains of patients with AD. This research provides insight into the interaction of two chemically different tau tracers with tau aggregates and sheds new light in the relationship between tau tracers’ binding with other markers of the disease.
Rapid 3‐D magnetotelluric and CSAMT inversion (2001)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001Rapid 3‐D magnetotelluric and CSAMT inversionAuthors: Gábor HursánMichael S. ZhdanovGábor HursánUniversity of Utah, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 and Michael S. ZhdanovUniversity of Utah, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816389 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816389FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byBibliography SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2001 Pages: 2135 publication data© 2001 Copyright © 2001 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Gábor Hursán and Michael S. Zhdanov, (2001), "Rapid 3‐D magnetotelluric and CSAMT inversion," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1493-1496. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816389 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Auto‐fluorescence emitted from the cell residues preserved in human tissues of medieval Korean mummies (2010)

As a significant association has been established between residual ancient DNA (aDNA) and histological preservation, the morphological identification or confirmation of preserved cell residue in ancient tissues would greatly facilitate aDNA studies and enhance the definitiveness of their conclusions. However, morphological differentiation of cell residue from other tissue structures has always been difficult, even for experienced histologists, due to the severe degradation of cells over long burial durations. In the present study, using a fluorescence microscopy equipped with a specific type of filter set (excitation filter, 510-550 nm; dichroic mirror, 570 nm; emission filter, approximately 590 nm), we found that certain structures in well-preserved mummified tissues emitted auto-fluorescence. Those structures were actually cell residues (e.g. fragmented DNA), laser capture microdissection and Quantifiler kit analysis having shown that preservation of nuclear DNA correlates with auto-fluorescence emission in laser capture microdissection-captured areas. Detection of auto-fluorescence could be an effective means of identifying cell residues in ancient tissue, enabling selection of the well-preserved samples necessary in successful aDNA studies.
Modular procedures for content aware image enhancement (2010)

The quality of real-world photos can be considerably improved by digital image processing. In this article we describe our approach for content-aware image enhancement. According to our approach, the overall quality of a digital photo is improved by modular image enhancement procedures driven by the image class and content. Single processing modules can be considered as autonomous elements that are suitably combined to improve the overall quality according to image and defect categories
Quenching of the Hall Effect in a One-Dimensional Wire (1987)

We report the first observation of the complete quenching of the Hall effect in a one-dimensional conductor. In our narrowest wires at low temperatures and for small magnetic fields, where the 1D subband splittings exceed both ${k}_{\mathrm{B}}T$ and $\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}$, we observe striking departures from the 2D Hall effect, characterized by an unexpected low-field plateau and a precipitous, complete suppression of the Hall resistance. We believe these to be unambiguous manifestations of one-dimensional electrical transport; they appear to provide a direct measure of the number of quantum conduction channels that participate.
Sentence comprehension and general working memory (2007)

Although the role of working memory in sentence comprehension has received substantial attention, the nature of this relationship remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between general, nonverbal working memory (WM) and sentence parsing (SP) in normal English-speaking adults. Accuracy and reaction times were recorded for thirty-one young adults during three on-line tasks: nonverbal WM, SP plausibility, and lexical decision (LD). A significant positive correlation was observed between reaction times for WM and SP, but not between LD and SP. These results suggest that SP may be supported by a general WM capacity, and therefore, some sentence comprehension difficulties observed in the clinical population may potentially be related to impairment in general WM.
Why are epilepsy mortality rates rising in the United States? A population-based multiple cause-of-death study (2020)

Epilepsy mortality rates in the USA increased significantly from 1999 to 2017. Likely causes include increases in all-neurological mortality, increased epilepsy prevalence and changes in the underlying causes of death in epilepsy, led by increases in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's. An important finding is that ischaemic heart disease and epilepsy itself are declining as underlying causes of death in people with epilepsy.