gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanotube bundling: influence on layer-by-layer assembly and antimicrobial activity (2013)

Antimicrobial surfaces are needed for many health care applications. Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have shown promise as antimicrobial agents, but important questions persist concerning the effects of tube bundling, a common phenomenon owing to strong hydrophobicity. We investigate here the influence of bundling on the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of SWNT with charged polymers, and on the antimicrobial properties of the resultant films. We employ a poly(ethylene glycol) functionalized phospholipid (PL-PEG) to disperse SWNT in aqueous solution, and consider cases where SWNT are dispersed (i) as essentially isolated objects and (ii) as small bundles. Quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation (QCMD) and ellipsometry measurements show the bundled SWNT system to adsorb in an unusually strong fashion – with layers twice (when hydrated) and three times (when dried) as thick as those of isolated SWNT. Molecular dynamics simulation reveals a lower PL-PEG density and degree of solution extension on bundled versus isolated SWNT, suggesting thicker adsorbed layers may result from suppressed steric repulsion between bundled nanotubes. Enhanced van der Waals attraction in the bundled system may also play a role. Scanning electron micrographs reveal Escherichia coli on films with bundled SWNT to be essentially engulfed by the nanotubes, whereas the bacteria rest upon films with isolated SWNT. While both systems inactivate 90% of bacteria in 24 h, the bundled SWNT system is “fast-acting,” reaching this inactivation rate in 1 h. This study demonstrates the significant impact of SWNT bundling on LbL assembly and antimicrobial activity, explores the molecular basis of nanotube–nanotube interactions, and demonstrates the possibility of bacteria-engulfing, fast-acting, SWNT-based antimicrobial coatings.
Economic evaluation and the design of vehicle suspensions (2003)

Technical evaluation of products or alternative designs is a frequent and central activity in engineering design. Conventional quantitative evaluation procedures typically involve some element of subjectivity on the part of the engineer. For example, they are likely to require assignment of weighting factors which define the importance of various design criteria. In this paper, an economic approach is proposed for product evaluation. The evaluation process is based on the whole-life cost/benefit of the design, as assessed from the perspective of the owner or operator of the product. It has the advantage of being more objective than conventional approaches, and providing a balanced set of ‘weightings’ to the various design criteria. The new method is used in this paper to compare four heavy vehicle suspensions. It is also compared with a conventional evaluation method, using weighting factors derived from a survey of vehicle operators. The aim is to investigate the difference in emphasis placed on various evaluation criteria, and the sensitivity of the two approaches to various assumptions in the analyses. The influence of some important factors of vehicle operation, such as service life, operating conditions and suspension parameters, are also investigated.
Direct Observation of DPPC Phase Domain Motion on Mica Surfaces under Conditions of High Relative Humidity (1998)

Langmuir−Blodgett monolayers of L-α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) doped with 1,1‘-dioctadecyl-3,3,3‘,3‘-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (diIC18) are studied under conditions of high relative humidity (RH). Monolayers transferred to a freshly cleaved mica surface in the liquid expanded (LE)−liquid condensed (LC) phase coexistence region of the pressure isotherm are studied with tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM), near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), and confocal microscopy. As the RH is increased above 65%, the small LE and LC domains become mobile on the surface and aggregate to form larger domains of like phase. Analysis of the AFM images confirms that this process does not reflect phase transitions in the monolayer at increased RH but is driven by the energetically favorable decrease in the interfacial line energy of the lipid domains upon aggregation. NSOM measurements of the monolayer confirm that the evolution in the monolayer structure at high RH does not involve defect formation, collapse of the film, or removal of lipid. The evolution in monolayer properties at increasing RH is also found to be very sensitive to the composition of the subphase used in the film transfer process, which may be important for practical applications of these films.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF InAs/AlSb SUPERLATTICES (2023)

In this work, we present experimental studies on the cross-plane thermal conductivity of InAs/AlSb superlattices. The thermal conductivities of MBE grown InAs/AlSb superlattices are measured using the 3&#969; method from 80-300 K. The influence of the growth temperature and post annealing is investigated. Significant reductions in thermal conductivity are observed in these superlattices compared to the predictions of the Fourier heat conduction theory based on the bulk material properties. These results suggest that the interface conditions strongly influence the thermal conductivity.
Ultra-High Efficiency, High-Concentration PV System Based On Spectral Division Between GaInP∕GaInAs∕Ge And BPC Silicon Cells (2011)

A novel HCPV nonimaging concentrator concept with high concentration (&gt;500×) is presented. It uses the combination of a commercial concentration GaInP∕GaInAs∕Ge 3J cell and a concentration Back‐Point‐Contact (BPC) concentration silicon cell for efficient spectral utilization, and external confinement techniques for recovering the 3J cell′s reflection. The primary optical element (POE) is a flat Fresnel lens and the secondary optical element (SOE) is a free‐form RXI‐type concentrator with a band‐pass filter embedded it, both POE and SOE performing Köhler integration to produce light homogenization. The band‐pass filter sends the IR photons in the 900–1200 nm band to the silicon cell. Computer simulations predict that four‐terminal terminal designs could achieve ∼46% added cell efficiencies using commercial 39% 3J and 26% Si cells. A first proof‐of concept receiver prototype has been manufactured using a simpler optical architecture (with a lower concentration, ∼ 100× and lower simulated added efficiency), and experimental measurements have shown up to 39.8% 4J receiver efficiency using a 3J with peak efficiency of 36.9%
A Light-Harvestingtert-Phosphane Ligand Bearing a Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex as Substituent (2001)

Intramolekulare Photosensibilisierung: Durch Koordination des neuen, lichtempfindlichen tertiären Phosphanliganden ruP an Ruthenium wird der Übergangsmetallkomplex in ein photoaktives Reaktionszentrum überführt. Das Schema zeigt die resultierende intramolekulare trans→cis-Photoisomerisierung einer Stilbengruppe.
Magnetic resonance imaging of breast cancer: Clinical indications and breast MRI reporting system (2000)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well suited to the investigation of breast cancer by virtue of its noninvasive nature and its multiplanar imaging abilities. MRI investigations showed high sensitivity but modest specificity for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. Most early studies tested the ability of MRI to evaluate and diagnose findings in the breast discovered by other imaging tests or by breast physical examination (1–4). When it was discovered that MRI identified small breast cancers undetected by mammography or breast ultrasound, MRI was used to estimate breast cancer extent in known cancer cases for surgical planning (5,6). These investigations led to the use of MRI in a multitude of breast imaging applications, raising further questions about the use of MRI in everyday practice: What are the indications for breast MRI in general practice? What is its role in light of other imaging tests? What are its benefits and limitations in each setting? How do I report these studies? The purpose of this article is to review the clinical background regarding indications for the use of MRI and relevant cases in which MRI can impact patient management in breast disease, and to describe new developments in reporting breast MRI studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:975–983. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Thermoelectric properties of higher manganese silicide/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites (2014)

Composites made of Higher Manganese Silicide (HMS)-based compound MnSi1.75Ge0.02 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by an easy and effective method including mechanical milling under mild conditions and reactive spark plasma sintering. SEM compositional mappings show a homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs in the HMS matrix. Electronic and thermal transport properties were measured from room temperature to 875 K. While power factors are virtually unchanged by the addition of MWCNTs, the lattice thermal conductivity is significantly reduced by about 30%. As a consequence, the maximum figure of merit for the composites with 1 wt% MWCNTs is improved by about 20% compared to the MWCNT free HMS-based sample.
Capacity of CDMA/TDD systems for mobile multimedia services (2003)

Traffic asymmetry between uplink and downlink is one of the most notable characteristics in wireless multimedia communications. CDMA/TDD systems with unbalanced slot allocation can be a good solution for this problem. However, the level of traffic asymmetry may be significantly different from cell to cell. In this paper, we calculate the capacity of CDMA/TDD systems under given patterns of traffic asymmetry. Using the results, we investigate optimal slot allocation that maximizes the frequency utilization in terms of the whole cellular system.
Manipulation of Photoprotection to Improve Plant Photosynthesis (2010)

Light is of course essential for photosynthesis and supports most life on earth. However, light intensity and spectral quality are highly variable in space and time according to time of day, season, geography, climate, and the position of leaf within canopy and cell within leaf. This has resulted in
Closed-loop neuromodulation restores network connectivity and motor control after spinal cord injury (2018)

Recovery from serious neurological injury requires substantial rewiring of neural circuits. Precisely-timed electrical stimulation could be used to restore corrective feedback mechanisms and promote adaptive plasticity after neurological insult, such as spinal cord injury (SCI) or stroke. This study provides the first evidence that closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation (CLV) based on the synaptic eligibility trace leads to dramatic recovery from the most common forms of SCI. The addition of CLV to rehabilitation promoted substantially more recovery of forelimb function compared to rehabilitation alone following chronic unilateral or bilateral cervical SCI in a rat model. Triggering stimulation on the most successful movements is critical to maximize recovery. CLV enhances recovery by strengthening synaptic connectivity from remaining motor networks to the grasping muscles in the forelimb. The benefits of CLV persist long after the end of stimulation because connectivity in critical neural circuits has been restored.
An analytical model for performance evaluation in sparse mobile ad hoc networks (2009)

Routing protocols for sparse mobile ad hoc networks are becoming important due to applications such as vehicular networks and emergency services. Simulation based performance evaluation of a given protocol is computationally demanding, requiring a significant amount of time and resources. For this reason, analytical approaches to performance evaluation are desirable; however, such approaches are challenging to develop. In this paper, we present an analytical model to calculate two important performance metrics, namely throughput and average end-to-end delay, for a sparse mobile ad hoc network routing protocol. In our protocol, independent mobile nodes move in a bounded region and communicate indirectly through passive RFID tags that act like mailboxes. We analyze our protocol for two different buffer policies by providing analytical equations to calculate throughput and delay for each buffer policy. Finally, we support our equations via simulation.
Reversal dynamics of interacting circular nanomagnets (2001)

The Gilbert equation of motion is solved to investigate the reversal dynamics of interacting circular NiFe nanoelements. During magnetization reversal of isolated circular nanomagnets, inhomogeneous transient states are formed. The exchange energy of the intermediates states, which is a measure for the uniformity of the magnetization, increases with decreasing Gilbert damping constant or increasing applied field. The magnetostatic interactions lead to a further enhancement of the nonuniformity during reversal of interacting nanomagnets.
CpG-activated Thy1.2+ dendritic cells protect against lethalListeria monocytogenes infection (2005)

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) activate the innate immune system by interacting with Toll-like receptor 9. The resultant immune response increases host resistance to infection by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including Listeria monocytogenes. There is a considerable interest in harnessing the immunoprotective properties of CpG ODN, yet little is known of the cell phenotype(s) responsible for mediating this protection. This work demonstrates that treatment of mice with CpG ODN increases the number of Thy1.2+, CD11c+ dendritic cells (Thy1.2+ DC) in the spleen, which are both necessary and sufficient for transferring resistance to infection from CpG-treated donors to naive recipients. These CpG-activated Thy1.2+ DC are distinct from conventional (CD11c(hi), Thy1.2-) or plasmacytoid DC (mPDCA+), and secrete IFN-gamma that contributes to protection. These findings suggest that a novel Thy1.2+ DC subset plays a critical role in mediating the immunoprotective activity of CpG DNA.
Passivation of carbon-doped GaAs layers by hydrogen introduced by annealing and growth ambients (1993)

Carbon acceptors in GaAs epitaxial layers grown from metalorganic sources are often partially passivated by hydrogen following growth. Here we examine heavily C-doped GaAs epilayers grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy and metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy by infrared absorption, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Hall measurements. The concentration of passivated C has been determined by calibrating the intensity of infrared absorption due to C-H complexes. We have investigated the sources of H in the layers and have found that H2 in the growth and annealing ambients is especially effective in passivating C. A brief anneal in an inert ambient at temperatures above 550 °C is sufficient to activate C acceptors that are passivated by H.
[PPM] Task 2: FY 14 Proposed Work. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Microprocessors: The New LUT. (2005)

Hardware design for high performance computing appears to be reaching its limits on several fronts. In the desktop microprocessor world, clock speeds seem to have reached their peak somewhere below 10 GHz. Power consumption has begun to approach, and in some cases surpass, 100 W. These issues, along with the problems of managing designs of approximately a billion transistors have caused one of the most profound changes in microprocessor architecture in decades. Every maker of desktop microprocessors has abandoned the traditional performance scaling approaches which have driven the industry for decades and have opted for so-called multicore designs. Today, it is widely accepted that no future commercial high-performance microprocessors will be built using a single CPU core. It is difficult to overestimate the significance of this change. A similar trend can has been seen in the ASIC and FPGA worlds. As both power and design complexity issues converge on designers, multiple microprocessor cores are increasingly found in integrated circuit designs. This trend in desktop microprocessors, ASIC and FPGA designs points toward a new reconfigurable architecure based on multiple microprocessor cores working togther in parallel. Such a system has many advantages over more traditional system design approaches. The design is inherently easier to design, uses a familar programming model, provides high levels of performance with modest power consumption. In this paper a single chip multiprocessor architecture will be explored in more detail. A programming model will be demonstrated using standard peocessor design tools and implementing a flexible, multiprocessor version of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). This implementation will serve as a motivation to explore the limits of exploitable parallelism in such a system, as well as issues of programmability and power consumption. 1.
Generalized echo squeezing protocol with near-Heisenberg-limit sensitivity and strong robustness against detection noise and variation in squeezing parameter (2023)

We present a generalized echo squeezing protocol (GESP) as a generalization of the Schr\"odinger cat state protocol with the value of the squeezing parameter being an arbitrary number rather than $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$. We show analytically that over a very broad range of the squeezing parameter the sensitivity of the GESP reaches the Heisenberg limit within a factor of $\sqrt{2}$. For a large number of atoms, $N$, this plateau interval is almost the whole range from zero to $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$, and the sensitivity is independent of the parity of $N$. Therefore, it is possible to operate a sensor over a wide interval of the squeezing parameter without changing the sensitivity. This is to be contrasted with the conventional echo squeezing protocol (CESP) which only works for a very small interval of the squeezing parameter. We also show that, in contrast to the CESP, the sensitivity of the GESP is close to the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound over the whole range of the squeezing parameter, indicating that the phase-shift information contained in the quantum state is near-optimally extracted. We find that the enhancement in sensitivity in the case of the GESP is due to a combination of two parameters: the phase magnification factor (PMF) and the noise amplification factor (NAF). As the value of the squeezing parameter increases, both PMF and NAF increase, while keeping the ratio of the PMF to the NAF essentially constant, yielding a net enhancement of sensitivity at the Heisenberg limit within a factor of $\sqrt{2}$ over the whole plateau interval. An important consequence of this behavior is that the robustness of the GESP against detection noise easily exceeds that of the CESP for a broad range of values of the squeezing parameter. As such, in the context of an experimental study, it should be possible to achieve a net enhancement in sensitivity higher than that for the CESP, under typical conditions where detection noise exceeds the quantum projection noise of an unsqueezed state with the same number of atoms. Finally, we consider the fragility of the GESP against decoherence mechanisms, and show how a balance between the fragility against the decoherence mechanisms and the robustness against detection noise would in practice determine the optimal choice of parameters for the GESP.
Large field‐of‐view holographic imager with ultra‐high phase sensitivity using multi‐angle illumination (2022)

Quantitative phase imaging and holography allow highly sensitive detection of phase changes, for example of surface non-uniformities or refractive index (RI) structures in the volume of a sample. For many applications, wide field-of-view (FoV) and high phase sensitivity are required. Lens-free interferometric microscopy can operate over a wide FoV and volume, but with the drawbacks of low axial resolution and poor optical sectioning, which comes with increased noise from out-of-focus planes. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a novel implementation of lens-free phase imaging with phase-shifting interferometry and multi-angle illumination that enhances axial resolution and image quality, enabling ultra-high phase sensitivity with optical path difference (OPD) background root-mean-square (RMS) noise of 0.2 nm, while operating over a wide FoV (>10 mm²). As a prototypical application, we demonstrate imaging of 10 nm thin transparent glass structures, and of 3D laser-written structures of RI modifications in glass over a large volume (>10 mm³), where the location of features along the z-axis can be determined with 3x higher accuracy compared to an on-axis illumination. The technology is particularly suitable for large-scale analysis and characterization of structures on the surface or embedded in transparent materials.
Differential Response to Heart Rate Reduction by Carvedilol in Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction Between Sinus Rhythm and Atrial Fibrillation　― Insight From J-CHF Study ― (2020)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Heart rate (HR) reduction by β-blocker might not benefit patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with atrial fibrillation (AF). <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> The J-CHF study was a prospective randomized multicenter trial that assigned 360 HFrEF patients to a 2.5 mg/5 mg/20 mg target dose of carvedilol. Carvedilol was uptitrated over 8 weeks and then the dose was fixed. Of 321 patients available for analysis, AF was identified in 65 (20%). Using the median absolute change in HR at 32 weeks (∆HR), the subjects were further divided into group A (∆HR >-6 beats/min) and B (∆HR ≤-6 beats/min). Both in sinus rhythm (SR) and AF, baseline characteristics and achieved carvedilol dose were similar between groups A and B. In SR, the time-dependent change in left ventricular EF (LVEF) and LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) over 56 weeks was more favorable in B compared with A (∆LVEF, P=0.036; ∆LVEDD, P=0.047), and ∆HR was independently associated with ∆LVEF (P=0.040). Group B had a lower rate of the primary endpoint, defined as a composite of death and hospitalization due to cardiovascular causes including acute decompensated HF at 3 years (P=0.002). ∆HR was an independent predictor of the primary endpoint (P=0.01), but this was not observed in AF. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Response to the carvedilol HR reduction might differ in HFrEF between SR and AF.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Protocol for Lactone to Thiolactone Transform. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On energy efficient inter-frequency small cell discovery in heterogeneous networks (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the optimal inter-frequency small cell discovery (ISCD) periodicity for small cells deployed on carrier frequency other than that of the serving macro cell. We consider that the small cells and user terminals (UTs) positions are modelled according to a homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP). We utilize polynomial curve fitting to approximate the percentage of time the typical UT missed small cell offloading opportunity, for a fixed small cell density and fixed UT speed. We then derive analytically, the optimal ISCD periodicity that minimizes the average UT energy consumption (EC). Furthermore, we also derive the optimal ISCD periodicity that maximizes the average energy efficiency (EE), i.e. bit-per-joule capacity. Results show that the EC optimal ISCD periodicity always exceeds the EE optimal ISCD periodicity, with the exception of when the average ergodic rates in both tiers are equal, in which the optimal ISCD periodicity in both cases also becomes equal.