gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Niobium Concentration on the Critical Current Density and Hysteresis Loss of Powder-Metallurgy Processed Nb&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;Sn Superconducting Wires (1997)

We have developed Nb3Sn superconducting wires for AC use fabricated by a powder-metallurgy process. Wires with niobium concentrations from 5 to 22.5% were produced and the effects of niobium concentration on the critical current density (Jc) and the hysteresis losses of these wires were investigated. Assuming that Jc is proportional to both the volume fraction of the superconducting filaments and the frequency of contact among superconducting filaments, Jc should be proportional to the square of the niobium concentration. However, it was proportional in the power of 1.5 for the present wires. Jc of the central region of high niobium concentration wire was relatively low, resulting from less tin diffusion to the central region due to the blocking by niobium filaments distributed near the surface. This effect may be responsible for reducing the power from 2 to 1.5.The hysteresis loss was proportional to the niobium concentration in the power of 2. This power relation can be explained by the fact that the hysteresis loss is proportional to the product of Jc and the effective filament diameter, which are proportional to the niobium concentration in the powers of 1.5 and 0.5, respectively.
Nonlinear dynamics of radio frequency plasma processing reactors powered by multifrequency sources (1999)

The source frequency has a strong influence on plasma characteristics in RF discharges. Multiple sources at widely different frequencies are often simultaneously used to separately optimize the magnitude and energy of ion fluxes to the substrate. In doing so, the sources are relatively independent of each other. These sources can, however, nonlinearly interact if the frequencies are sufficiently close. The resulting plasma and electrical characteristics can then be significantly different from those due to the sum of the individual sources. In this paper, a plasma equipment model is used to investigate the interaction of multiple frequency sources in capacitively and inductively coupled RF excited plasmas. In capacitively coupled systems, we confirmed that the plasma density increases with increasing frequency but also found that the magnitude of the DC bias and DC sheath voltage decreases. To produce a capacitively coupled discharge having a high plasma density with a large DC bias, we combined low and high frequency sources. The plasma density did increase using the dual frequency system as compared to the single low frequency source. The sources, however, nonlinearly interacted at the grounded wall sheath, thereby shifting both the plasma potential and DC bias. In inductively coupled plasmas (ICP), the frequency of the capacitive substrate bias does not have a significant effect on electron temperature and density. The DC bias and DC sheath voltage at the substrate were, however, found to strongly depend on source frequency. By using additional RF sources at alternate locations in ICP reactors, it was found that the DC bias at the substrate was varied without significantly changing other plasma parameters, such as the substrate sheath potential.
Manganese complexes with chelating and bridging di-triazolylidene ligands: synthesis and reactivity (2021)

New manganese complexes bearing di-triazolylidene (di-trz) ligands are described. Depending on the wingtip substituents of the triazolylidene ligand and the synthetic procedure, two different ligand coordination modes were observed, i.e, bridging and chelating. A series of Mn(i) complexes of the general type fac-[Mn(di-trzR)(CO)3Br] (R = Me, Et, Mes) with a chelating di-trz ligand were prepared via Ag-transmetalation. In contrast, the in situ deprotonation of the triazolium salts with KOBut yielded the bimetallic Mn(0) complexes [Mn2(CO)8(μ-di-trzR)] with a bridging di-trz ligand when short alkyl chains (Me, Et, i-Pr) are present as the N1 substituents of the triazolylidene ligand. The molecular structures of monometallic and bimetallic complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. In addition, the cationic fac-[Mn(di-trzEt)(CO)2(PPh3)2]Br complex, a rare example of a dicarbonyl Mn(i) N-heterocyclic carbene, was obtained when fac-[Mn(di-trzEt)(CO)3Br] was irradiated with visible light in the presence of PPh3. The crystal structure revealed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry around the Mn(i) centre, with the chelating di-triazolylidene ligand situated in trans position to the two CO ligands in the equatorial plane, and the two phosphine ligands occupying the axial positions. Cyclic voltammetry studies show reversible redox processes for the monometallic Mn(i) complexes, and a quasi-reversible EC mechanism for the oxidation of the bimetallic complexes. Infrared spectroelectrochemical studies along with DFT calculations for fac-[Mn(di-trzEt)(CO)3Br] suggest that the observed two consecutive reductions both occur at the metal centre.
Abstract NTOC-113: TGF–β SIGNALING INHIBITION AS A POTENTIAL APPROACH TO TARGET SUBOPTIMALLY DEBULKED OVARIAN TUMORS (2017)

Abstract The current standard of care for all patients with high-grade, advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer is surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Resection of all visible residual disease to less than 1 cm is associated with a favorable prognosis, but this optimal debulking can only be achieved in ~70% of patients. Patients with suboptimal cytoreduction are presumed to have lower response rates to subsequent chemotherapy and are known to have a poor prognosis. Recently, we performed a meta-analysis of 1,525 publicly available expression profiling assays and identified a 200-gene expression signature of primary ovarian tumors to predict the outcome of debulking surgery. The signature was validated using two independent sets of tumors. This debulking signature consists of transcripts positively regulated by TGF-β, indicating that hyperactivation of TGF-β signaling may be responsible of the aggressive biological and clinical behavior of suboptimally debulked tumors. In this study, we evaluated the potential anti-tumor effect of TGF-β signaling blockade in ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Integrated TGF-β signaling was observed in 8 of 10 ovarian cancer cell lines tested by a SMAD-binding element based luciferase assay. The potential anti-tumor effect of a small molecular TGFBR1 kinase inhibitor LY2157299 was further investigated in SKOV3 cell line, which presents both endogenous and inducible TGF-β signaling and is highly disseminative when inoculated into immunodeficient mice. Although imposing minimal effect on in vitro cellular proliferation, LY2157299 significantly inhibited tumor-dissemination related biological processes in SKOV3 cells including migration, invasion and mesothelial cell adhesion. In an interperitoneal SKOV3 xenograft model, administration of LY2157299 significantly increased cisplatin related cytotoxicity and tumor burden reduction. Taken together, our study has provided evidence for the potential clinical use of LY2157299 to improve the treatment and survival of women with suboptimal surgery. Citation Format: Wei Wei and Michael J. Birrer. TGF–β SIGNALING INHIBITION AS A POTENTIAL APPROACH TO TARGET SUBOPTIMALLY DEBULKED OVARIAN TUMORS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr NTOC-113.
Clinical Predictors of Prolonged Delay in Return of the International Normalized Ratio to within the Therapeutic Range after Excessive Anticoagulation with Warfarin (2001)

Steady-state warfarin dose, advanced age, and extreme elevation in INR are risk factors for prolonged delay in return of the INR to within the therapeutic range. Decompensated congestive heart failure and active cancer greatly increase this risk.
Local inter-session variability modelling for object classification (2014)

Object classification is plagued by the issue of session variation. Session variation describes any variation that makes one instance of an object look different to another, for instance due to pose or illumination variation. Recent work in the challenging task of face verification has shown that session variability modelling provides a mechanism to overcome some of these limitations. However, for computer vision purposes, it has only been applied in the limited setting of face verification. In this paper we propose a local region based intersession variability (ISV) modelling approach, and apply it to challenging real-world data. We propose a region based session variability modelling approach so that local session variations can be modelled, termed Local ISV. We then demonstrate the efficacy of this technique on a challenging real-world fish image database which includes images taken underwater, providing significant real-world session variations. This Local ISV approach provides a relative performance improvement of, on average, 23% on the challenging MOBIO, Multi-PIE and SCface face databases. It also provides a relative performance improvement of 35% on our challenging fish image dataset.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pentafluorosulfanylated Pyrrolidines (2018)

The first catalytic asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized pentafluorosulfanylated pyrrolidines is described. The method, based on a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of aryl and heteroaryl-substituted glycine Schiff bases with pentafluorosulfanyl acrylic esters, gave access to a broad range of pyrrolidines bearing aryl, naphtyl, and heteroaryl groups. By using Xing-Phos as a catalyst, the corresponding products were obtained in good yields, good to high regioselectivity, and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee). This methodology allowed the preparation of enantioenriched SF<sub>5</sub> compounds for the first time using an enantioselective approach.
Goal models as architectural knowledge (2008)

Goal models are developed in the intertwined phases of requirements engineering and early architectural design. They relate the goals of a software-intensive system, the agents forming the software and its environment, and the objects and tasks such agents control in order to operationalize the goals. We briefly discuss why and how goal models provide a key asset for documenting the contextual and derivational aspects of a software architecture.
Dimerization of Ste5, a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade scaffold protein, is required for signal transduction (1996)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone response pathway is organized on the Ste5 protein, which binds each of the kinases of the cascade prior to signaling. In this study, a structure-function analysis of Ste5 deletion mutants uncovered new functional domains of the Ste5 protein and revealed that Ste5 dimerizes during the course of normal signal transduction. Dimerization, mediated by two regions in the N-terminal half of Ste5, was first suggested by intragenic complementation between pairs of nonfunctional Ste5 mutants and was confirmed by using the two-hybrid system. Coimmunoprecipitation of differently tagged forms of Ste5 from cells in which the pathway has been activated by Ste5 overexpression further confirmed dimerization. A precise correlation between the biological activity of various Ste5 fragments and dimerization suggests that dimerization is essential for Ste5 function.
Lymphadenopathy in general practice (2021)

Lymphadenopathy (painfull or enlarged lymph nodes) is a common reason for consulting a physician working in primary or secondary health care. Lymphadenopathy can be the reason for consultation, but can also be observed in patients who present with other complaints. The differential diagnosis is very broad and varies from self-limiting benign disorders, where a wait-and-see policy is sufficient, to a more serious and life-threatening disease for which no further delay is warranted. In daily practice it can sometimes be challenging to determine which policy is indicated. In this article, we propose tools in order to assist the primary care physician to determine which policy is needed in patients presenting with lymphadenopathy.
The transcription factors Nkx2.2 and Nkx2.9 play a novel role in floor plate development and commissural axon guidance (2010)

The transcription factors Nkx2.2 and Nkx2.9 have been proposed to execute partially overlapping functions in neuronal patterning of the ventral spinal cord in response to graded sonic hedgehog signaling. The present report shows that in mice lacking both Nkx2 proteins, the presumptive progenitor cells in the p3 domain of the neural tube convert to motor neurons (MN) and never acquire the fate of V3 interneurons. This result supports the concept that Nkx2 transcription factors are required to establish V3 progenitor cells by repressing the early MN lineage-specific program, including genes like Olig2. Nkx2.2 and Nkx2.9 proteins also perform an additional, hitherto unknown, function in the development of non-neuronal floor plate cells. Here, we demonstrate that loss of both Nkx2 genes results in an anatomically smaller and functionally impaired floor plate causing severe defects in axonal pathfinding of commissural neurons. Defective floor plates were also seen in Nkx2.2(+/-);Nkx2.9(-/-) compound mutants and even in single Nkx2.9(-/-) mutants, suggesting that floor plate development is sensitive to dose and/or timing of Nkx2 expression. Interestingly, adult Nkx2.2(+/-);Nkx2.9(-/-) compound-mutant mice exhibit abnormal locomotion, including a permanent or intermittent hopping gait. Drug-induced locomotor-like activity in spinal cords of mutant neonates is also affected, demonstrating increased variability of left-right and flexor-extensor coordination. Our data argue that the Nkx2.2 and Nkx2.9 transcription factors contribute crucially to the formation of neuronal networks that function as central pattern generators for locomotor activity in the spinal cord. As both factors affect floor plate development, control of commissural axon trajectories might be the underlying mechanism.
Adaptive resetting of SMA actuators (2012)

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have essential advantages compared with conventional actuators, in particular their high-power density and their silent mode of operation. However, this material has not yet gained acceptance in technical applications. The main reasons are the missing simulation tools and a lack of knowledge of materials as well as the companies’ uncertainty as to how to handle SMA. The resetting of the SMA element to generate a repeatable movement is often a defined problem. In this context, reset springs made of steel are conventional solutions, although their characteristics are a disadvantage. To reach a high level of power output and hence a high degree of efficiency, a reduction of the preload is necessary. A solution for this problem is an adaptive resetting. One main possibility to generate an adaptive resetting is given by the agonist–antagonist principle where two SMA elements work against each other. Here, the reset force can be applied if necessary. The advantage of this type of design is that a conventional return spring or a mechanical brake for clamping the position (electrically operated) is not necessary. Another possibility for adaptive resetting is to change the spring characteristics of a pseudoelastic SMA element by heating. The aim of this publication is to sum up the different possibilities of adaptive resetting of shape memory actuators. It also provides methods and the knowledge to support the development process of such resetting principles. The development of these methods is based on the analysis of different designs and requirements. Based on the experimental results, a conclusion of the possibilities is given.
Porous Carbons as Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts (2021)

In search for new alternative sources of energy carbon materials placed themselves as a valuable alternative to replace efficient noble metal- or transition metal-based catalysts. Even though the search for this kind of efficient catalysts started from the discovery and wonders of graphene, soon it has been established that to bring a catalytic activity for oxygen reduction to graphene an introduction of heteroatoms to its matrix or defect engineering is a must. The intent of this review is to present a brief journey on the development of heteroatom -doped “flat” carbons for an oxygen reduction electrocatalysis, followed by an indication of the role of defects as a general driving force, through heteroatom-doped porous carbons to heteroatom-free porous carbons. The emphasis is on importance of porosity, no necessary that 3-D engineered. The development of that concept is presented in the chronological order. Since to summarize all works on this topic sounds as a rather impossible task, and numerous reviews on the specific aspects of carbon-based metal-free ORR catalysts have been published recently, our intention is to stress the works where other factors than an alteration in the electronic/structure affect or could affect the ORR efficiency. These other factors include oxygen accessibility to small pores and its adsorption there. Even though the development of pores certainly is associated with an increase in the level of defect, the pore- influenced oxygen reduction mechanisms addressed here differs from that on the electronic defects-based catalytic sites.
Software synthesis for complex reactive embedded systems (2003)

We propose a software synthesis procedure for reactive embedded system. The procedure is an extension of the approach in the POLIS co-design framework. In our approach, control parts of the system are represented in a decomposed form, enabling more complex control structures to be represented. We propose a synthesis procedure for this representation that avoids unnecessary evaluations of the data part, as well as the overhead of run-time scheduling.
Functional Cycloamylose as a Polysaccharide-Based Biomaterial: Application in a Gene Delivery System (2009)

Cycloamylose (CA) exhibits differences in geometry and greater colloidal stability compared with amylose. Here we report the synthesis of a cationic CA derivative and its application for gene delivery. Cationic CA (catCA) and cationic amylose (catAmy) were synthesized by introducing spermine groups. The interactions between catCA or catAmy with plasmid DNA encoding firefly luciferase was examined by gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Activity as a gene delivery system was evaluated by flow cytometry and luciferase assays. CatCA formed a condensed pDNA complex ( approximately 250 nm in size). The catCA complex showed enhanced cellular uptake and greater transfection efficiency than the catAmy complex. Hemolysis by membrane destabilization and the effects of hydroxychloroquine on transfection ability suggest that the formation of a supramolecular complex with CA is important for high transfection activity. These results suggested that CA can be used as new polysaccharide-based biomaterials.
Frequency-domain GSC beamforming with enhanced robustness against mistracking (2004)

In a real environment, the interference rejection of the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) microphone array with adaptive blocking matrix (ABM) deteriorates by mistracking of target, which may be caused by either steering error or misdetection of the adaptation mode control. As a remedy, the tap coefficients of the ABM filters are constrained to leak the interference into the sidelobe canceling path. One inherent problem of the conventional ABM structure is the incoherent spread of filter coefficients for a different signal frequency, which leads to insufficient suppression of low frequency interference in the case of mistracking. To improve the interference rejection against mistracking, we propose an enhanced frequency-domain GSC with a new pulse-width constrained ABM in which the spread of filter coefficients is less sensitive to the signal spectrum. An experiment in a real environment shows that the loss of interference rejection caused by mistracking is reduced from 6.31 dB to 1.06 dB.
Class-specific factor analysis for object recognition (2011)

We propose a new method which utilizes the factor analysis in a class-specific framework. This method can be favored in the general object recognition task. We conducted several experiments to show the capability of the method to handle different types of variations in the same framework. Results are very promising for each variation. The main advantage of the proposed method is its discriminative robustness against the increasing number of classes.
Effect of annealing on the structure of an amorphous<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mo</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ru</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>82</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>18</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>alloy (1983)

The amorphous metallic glass ${({\mathrm{Mo}}_{0.6}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{0.4})}_{82}$${\mathrm{B}}_{18}$ was annealed for various lengths of time at temperatures up to 650\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The changes in structure due to these annealing treatments were determined by measurements of superconducting properties (${T}_{c}$,${B}_{c2}$,${J}_{c}$), electrical resistivity (${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$), low-temperature specific heat (electronic coefficient $\ensuremath{\gamma}$), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At lower annealing temperatures (\ensuremath{\le}450\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) only small changes occurred in the composition-dependent parameters (${T}_{c}$,$\ensuremath{\gamma}$) but large degradations were exhibited in those quantities (${J}_{c}$, fracture strain) sensitive to the defect structure. No evidence of microstructural changes was revealed by SAXS or TEM in this regime. At higher annealing temperatures (or longer times) evidence for the development of, first, phase separation, then, the beginnings of crystallization was found by SAXS and TEM. In this regime larger degradations of ${T}_{c}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ occurred along with a change in the form of the ${F}_{p}(b)$ curve (i.e., a change in the fluxoid pinning mechanism). The above observations imply annealing-induced long-range compositional variations. The activation energy for the onset of long-range compositional inhomogeneity was determined to be 309 kJ ${\mathrm{mol}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (3.2 eV).