gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Power Procurement Scheduling Method for Smart-Grid Powered Communication Systems (2018)

With the emergence of smart grids, adopting dynamic energy pricing models has become both possible and desirable. With such a pricing dynamicity, great savings in energy costs can be achieved in telecommunication systems when energy is procured efficiently through carefully designed real-time resource schedulers. Broadly speaking, existing scheduling algorithms can be categorized into two classes: online and off-line. Off-line algorithms are not practical merely because of their need for prior knowledge of future system information. In this paper, we propose an efficient online power procurement and allocation scheduler that maximizes a long-term system utility function without the need for prior knowledge of future system information, where the system utility function is expressed in such a way that the gain coming from serving the users and the cost of the procured energy are traded off for one another. We propose an approach that allows us to derive closed-form instantaneous energy procurement and resource allocations that are functions only of the actual instantaneous system parameters. Our approach computes the optimal power procurement and users' allocation per time slot in an online fashion with very low computational complexity. Using simulations, we study the efficiency of the proposed approach under various parameters and quantify the energy costs that our approach can potentially save.
Quantification of the Sulfated Cholecystokinin CCK-8 in Hamster Plasma Using Immunoprecipitation Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and the different molecular forms of CCK are well established as biomarkers for satiety but accurate analysis has been limited by the multiple naturally occurring forms and extensive similarities to gastrin. Changes in levels of one form, CCK-8, a naturally occurring eight amino acid peptide of CCK, have been correlated with satiety responses. Endogenous CCK-8 has not been well characterized in Syrian Golden hamsters, an important model in the study of fat uptake and digestion. We have cloned and sequenced hamster CCK and identified and characterized endogenous CCK-8 from hamster plasma. Hamster CCK-8 is composed of eight amino acid residues which are highly conserved among other species. Following accurate identification and characterization of hamster CCK-8, we have developed a highly specific and sensitive immunoprecipitation based LC-MS/MS assay for its quantification. The present assay enables determination of active CCK-8 over a concentration range from 0.05 to 2.5 ng/mL in hamster plasma samples. This range covers both the basal and postprandial levels of CCK-8. Method performance validation samples were examined at three concentrations replicated over the course of 4 days. The assay accuracy (percent relative error, % RE) average was 11.3% with a precision (percent coefficient of variation, % CV) of 15.5% over all samples in this 4 day period. Additionally, the method was used to determine increases of endogenous plasma CCK-8 in hamsters challenged with a high-fat meal.
Bidirectional Human–Robot Bimanual Handover of Big Planar Object With Vertical Posture (2021)

Object handover is one of the basic abilities for the robot to interact with the human. Most of the previous works only focus on the limited handover scenarios where the robot uses one hand to give small objects to the human. In this article, we design a bidirectional bimanual handover system that enables the robot to both give and receive the big planar object with vertical grasp posture. In addition to the basic object handover function, the designed handover system also integrates a position adjustment mechanism to improve the human experience. According to different task states, the system is divided into four modes. In each mode, the robot performs a subtask and switches to the next mode at an appropriate time. We propose a two-finger grip force controller and a dual-arm admittance NN controller to control the robot to generate actual motions. By applying specific locating, trajectory planning, and signal identifying methods, we implement the designed handover system on a Baxter robot. The system is tested on two wooden plates with different widths, thicknesses, and weights. The results show that the robot can perform the handover task safely and effectively with the designed handover system. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —This article aims to solve the limitation that the robot can only hand over small objects with one hand in the human–robot handover systems. In daily life, especially in carrying tasks, many objects, such as windows, wooden boards, and big frames, may also be handed over to each other. These objects can be classified as big planar objects. To enable the robot to hand over this kind of object with the human, we design a bidirectional bimanual human–robot handover system. The designed system has three main functions. First, the robot can receive the big planar object from the human and hold the object safely with two hands, which is impossible in a single-hand handover system because the weight and size of the object are large. Then, the robot can help the human hold the object or transport it to other places. Second, the robot can adjust the object handover position according to the human’s intentions while holding the object. Because the size of objects and the height of humans may different, or some tasks require that the human position be higher or lower than the robot, the current object holding position may be hard for the current human operator to take over the object. With this function, the human can move the object to an appropriate position and then take it comfortably. Third, the robot releases the object only when it gets a clear signal. Before that, the robot always grasps the object safely, and the human can freely adjust his posture. With the designed handover system, the robot can cooperate with the human to complete more tasks indoors or in factories.
[Cu(4-phenylpyridine)<sub>4</sub>(trifluoromethanesulfonate)<sub>2</sub>], a Werner complex that exhibits high selectivity for <i>o</i>-xylene (2020)

[Cu(4-phenylpyridine)4(trifluoromethanesulfonate)2] is a new Werner complex that exhibits switching behaviour between non-porous (apohost) and porous (guest-loaded) phases upon exposure to o-xylene but not when exposed to other C8 isomers. High o-xylene selectivity (>6) vs. the other C8 isomers was observed from binary mixtures, only the third occurrence across all sorbent types.
Superresolution imaging of microvasculature at the capillary level using nanobubble contrast agents (2022)

In this work, we describe applications of nanobubbles in superresolution imaging. Conventional ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) techniques require sparse scatterers in the form of echogenic microbubbles (MB, ∼1–10 μm diameter). ULM enables imaging of capillaries larger than ∼50 μm in diameter but becomes too time consuming in smaller capillaries due to insufficient MB density. A viable alternative for microvascular imaging may be the use of submicron bubbles, or nanobubbles (NBs). NBs are ∼100i–500 nm in diameter and have a particle density 5 orders of magnitude higher than MBs without associated attenuation artifacts. In addition to strong nonlinear response, under some conditions NBs can produce SNR linear signals stronger than erythrocytes. This allows for formulating a superresolution imaging problem using computational approaches suitable for dense sources instead of relying on physical sparsity. With much smaller sizes compared to MBs, NBs can access the smallest capillaries at much higher concentrations (∼1011), offering enhanced detection and faster superresolution acquisition. In addition, NB nonlinear signals can be decomposed to elucidate intravascular and extravasation into tissues with vascular hyperpermeability, such as tumors. Thus, when combined with appropriate processing, NBs can provide information about vascular architecture and extravascular transport which is not achievable with MBs.
Regiospecific Copolyanilines from Substituted Oligoanilines:  Electrochemical Comparisons with Random Copolyanilines (2001)

Regiospecific substituted polyanilines have been assembled via electropolymerization of methoxy-substituted dimeric and trimeric oligoanilines. The oligoaniline monomers were synthesized utilizing Pd-catalyzed aryl amination cross-coupling chemistry. The single-crystal X-ray structure of one of the oligomers is presented. The oligoaniline monomers were electropolymerized in 1 M H2SO4, and the electrochemical behavior and potential-dependent in situ conductivities of the regiospecific polyaniline films were compared to those of random copolymers polymerized from solutions of aniline and o-anisidine of the same molar ratio. The regiospecific polyanilines exhibited higher conductivities, which may be attributed to a more crystalline and regular structure. Differences in the oxidation potential of the polymers are observed depending on the degree of methoxy substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐Membered Ring Systems: Diazines and Benzo Derivatives (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Kinetics of trichloroethene (TCE) reduction by zero-valent iron: effect of medium composition (2002)

In a series of batch experiments, we investigated the effect of various medium composition parameters on the kinetics of reductive dechlor­ ination of trichloroethe ne (TCE) by zero-valent iron filings. Calculated TCE half-lives in dilute simulated groundwater were not affected by increasing sulphate concentrations, increasing solution ionic strengths or increasing initial pH values. The presence of the organic co-pollutants tetrachloroethene, cu-dichloroethene or toluene, at low loading rates, did not interfere with TCE degradation. TCE reduction kinetics were slightly affected by the presence of hydrogen sulphide at a high initial concentration, which was supposedly caused by the formation of iron sulphide precipitates. Increasing concentrations of nitrate on the other hand dramatically impacted TCE removal by zero-valent iron. The reduction of nitrate, to equivalent amounts of ammonium, apparently passivated the iron surface. Finally, the reduction of TCE by zero-valent iron was retarded to some extent in a landfill leachate contaminated groundwater characterized by a high organic carbon content.
Spatial Distribution of Lead Iodide and Local Passivation on Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite (2017)

We identify nanoscale spatial distribution of PbI<sub>2</sub> on the (FAPbI<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.85</sub>(MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.15</sub> perovskite thin film and investigate the local passivation effect using confocal based optical microscopy of steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). Different from a typical scanning electron microscope (SEM) morphology study, confocal based PL spectroscopy and microscopy allow researchers to map the morphologies of both perovskite and PbI<sub>2</sub> grains simultaneously, by selectively detecting their characteristic fluorescent bands using band-pass filters. In this work, we compare the perovskite samples without and with excess PbI<sub>2</sub> incorporation and unambiguously reveal PbI<sub>2</sub> distribution for the PbI<sub>2</sub>-rich sample. In addition, using the nanoscale time-resolved PL technique we show that the PbI<sub>2</sub>-rich regions exhibit longer lifetime due to suppressed defect trapping, compared to the PbI<sub>2</sub>-poor regions. The measurement on the PbI<sub>2</sub>-rich sample indicates that the passivation effect of PbI<sub>2</sub> in perovskite film is effective, especially in localized regions. Hence, this finding is important for further improvement of the solar cells by considering the strategy of excess PbI<sub>2</sub> incorporation.
P2X<sub>7</sub>receptors control 2-arachidonoylglycerol production by microglial cells (2004)

Endogenous cannabinoid ligands (endocannabinoids) produced by neurons, astrocytes, and microglial cells activate cannabinoid receptors, the molecular target for marijuana's bioactive ingredient Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. The molecular mechanism underlying the production of the most abundant endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), is unclear. A prevalent hypothesis proposes that activation of metabotropic receptors coupled to the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and diacylglycerol (DG) lipase pathway will systematically lead to increases in 2-AG production. Here, we show that ATP increases 2-AG production by cultured microglial cells in a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and DG lipase-dependent manner. However, efficacious activation of metabotropic P2Y purinergic receptors coupled to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C does not increase 2-AG production. This suggests that ionotropic, and not metabotropic, purinergic receptors control 2-AG production at an unexpected enzymatic step of its metabolic pathway. We show that activation of P2X(7) ionotropic receptors, which are highly permeable to calcium, is necessary and sufficient to increase 2-AG production in microglial cells. We also show that the sustained rise in intracellular calcium induced by activation of P2X(7) receptors directly increases DG lipase activity while inhibiting the activity of monoacylglycerol lipase, the enzyme that degrades 2-AG. This inverse sensitivity of DG lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase to calcium constitutes an original and efficient modality for sustained accumulation of 2-AG. Because prolonged increases in 2-AG amounts in brain parenchyma are thought to orchestrate neuroinflammation, the enzymatic steps involved in 2-AG synthesis and degradation by microglial cells constitute appealing targets for therapy aimed at controlling exacerbated neuroinflammation.
Mouse background genetics in biomedical research: The devil's in the details (2021)

Thousands of articles published each year use gene-modified mice, yet genetic background issues are rarely considered. Assessment of such issues are not, but should become, routine norms of murine experimentation.
CMS Preprocessing Subsystem user`s guide: Software Version 2.0 (1993)

The Common Mapping Standard (CMS) Data Production System (CDPS) produces and distributes CMS data in compliance with the Common Mapping Standard Interface Control Document. CDPS is composed of two subsystems, the CMS Preprocessing Subsystem (CPS) and the CMS Distribution Subsystem (CDS). This guide describes the operation of CPS. CPS is responsible for the management of source data and the production of CMS data from source data. The CPS system was developed for use on a workstation running Ultrix 4.2, the X Window System Version X11R4, and motif Version 1.1. This subsystem is organized into four major functional groups and supports production of CMS data from source chart, indose, and elevation data products.
The Fate of the Contralateral Hip in Femoroacetabular Impingement (2016)

Objectives: The pathophysiology of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) remains to be better understood. Only a fraction of all individuals with bony FAI morphology will ever develop hip symptoms or osteoarthritis. The purpose of the current study was to determine (1) rates of initial and subsequent symptom development in the contralateral hip of patients with symptomatic ipsilateral FAI and (2) to identify predictors of symptomatic contralateral FAI. Methods: The study cohort included 179 consecutive patients presenting for surgical treatment of FAI. Patients were excluded if they had previously underwent contralateral surgery. At baseline and postoperative follow-up time points, patients recorded standardized outcome questionnaires, including the presence of symptoms in the contralateral hip. Significant symptoms were defined as the presence of at least mild pain, while none or slight pain was not included. All patients underwent AP pelvis and bilateral 45 degree Dunn lateral radiographs at baseline. Patients developing symptoms in the contralateral hip were subclassified as having symptoms at presentation (initial symptoms) or developing symptoms during the follow-up period (symptom development). Patients were followed over a minimum of one year time period postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of symptoms development. Results: The study cohort had a mean age of 30.2 years and included 60.3% females. FAI was classified as isolated cam in 63.1% (n=113), isolated pincer 1.1% (n=2), and combined type in 35.8% (n=64). Forty-two (23.5%) of patients had initial symptoms in the contralateral hip. Twenty-two additional hips developed symptoms during the follow-up period (16.1% of initially asymptomatic hips). For multivariate logistic regression of any symptoms development (initial or subsequent), competitive athletes (p=0.041) and contralateral HNO ratio on AP pelvis (p=0.009). However, the overall model poorly predicted symptoms development. Conclusion: Approximately one in four patients with FAI presents with symptoms in the contralateral hip. Additionally, 16% of initially asymptomatic contralateral hips will develop symptoms during the next several years. A variety of clinical, radiographic, and physical examination factors poorly predict the development of symptoms. Competitive athletes may be less likely to have contralateral symptoms, while significant contralater al cam deformity on the AP pelvis radiograph may make a patient more likely to have contralateral symptoms.
Predicting Formation Of Sigma Phase In Alloys (1993)

SUPER PHACOMP developed after research into many versions of PHACOMP algorithm. Resulting program implements three of these versions, enabling comparison of results to give greater reliability to predictions. Inasmuch as certain calculations common to each, three versions woven together for efficiency. While prediction of formation of sigma phase is primary function, also performs other calculations of properties of alloys. Program benefits anyone working in design of alloys. Written in BASIC.
Applicability of a Dense-Medium Cyclone and Vorsyl Separator for Upgrading Non-Coking Coal Fines for Use as a Blast Furnace Injection Fuel (2009)

Replacement of metallurgical coke by high injection rates of thermal coal into the blast furnace is an important technology as it reduces the cost of hot metals significantly. However, one of the main problems that prevents the use of thermal coals is their high mineral-matter contents. Although, the ash content of coals to be injected in a blast furnace should be as low as possible, a maximum of 16% ash is acceptable. A non-coking coal sample from Chhattisgarh area, India, having a feed ash content of around 27% was collected for beneficiation studies to a grade acceptable for the injection purposes. A series of experiments were conducted in a 76-mm diameter dense-medium cyclone (DMC) and a Vorsyl separator (VS). It is observed that a clean coal having around 16% ash can be produced using both the cyclones if the variables are properly optimized. Further, it is observed that at the same ash level the yield of clean coal was 5%–6% more in VS than in DMC. It has also been demonstrated that at the same ash level, the magnetite medium stability in a VS was better than a DMC.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of SARS-CoV-2 resistance to ensitrelvir (2023)

Ensitrelvir, an oral antiviral agent that targets a SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro or Nsp5), is clinically useful against SARS-CoV-2 including its omicron variants. Since most omicron subvariants have reduced sensitivity to most monoclonal antibody therapies, SARS-CoV-2 resistance to other antivirals including main protease inhibitors such as ensitrelvir is a major public health concern. Here, repeating passages of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of ensitrelvir revealed that the M49L and E166A substitutions in Nsp5 are responsible for reduced sensitivity to ensitrelvir. Both substitutions reduced in vitro virus growth in the absence of ensitrelvir. The combination of the M49L and E166A substitutions allowed the virus to largely evade the suppressive effect of ensitrelvir in vitro. The virus possessing Nsp5-M49L showed similar pathogenicity to wild-type virus, whereas the virus possessing Nsp5-E166A or Nsp5-M49L/E166A slightly attenuated. Ensitrelvir treatment of hamsters infected with the virus possessing Nsp5-M49L/E166A was ineffective; however, nirmatrelvir or molnupiravir treatment was effective. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor the emergence of ensitrelvir-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants to guide antiviral treatment selection.
The Concept of Data Utility in Health Risk Assessment: A Multi-Disciplinary Perspective (2008)

ABSTRACT Human and ecological health risk assessments and the decisions that stem from them require the acquisition and analysis of data. In agencies that are responsible for health risk decision-making, data (and/or opinions/judgments) are obtained from sources such as scientific literature, analytical and process measurements, expert elicitation, inspection findings, and public and private research institutions. Although the particulars of conducting health risk assessments of given disciplines may be dramatically different, a common concern is the subjective nature of judging data utility. Often risk assessors are limited to available data that may not be completely appropriate to address the question being asked. Data utility refers to the ability of available data to support a risk-based decision for a particular risk assessment. This article familiarizes the audience with the concept of data utility and is intended to raise the awareness of data collectors (e.g., researchers), risk assessors, and risk managers to data utility issues in health risk assessments so data collection and use will be improved. In order to emphasize the cross-cutting nature of data utility, the discussion has not been organized into a classical partitioning of risk assessment concerns as being either human health- or ecological health-oriented, as per the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund Program.
Offline Learning from Demonstrations and Unlabeled Experience (2020)

Behavior cloning (BC) is often practical for robot learning because it allows a policy to be trained offline without rewards, by supervised learning on expert demonstrations. However, BC does not effectively leverage what we will refer to as unlabeled experience: data of mixed and unknown quality without reward annotations. This unlabeled data can be generated by a variety of sources such as human teleoperation, scripted policies and other agents on the same robot. Towards data-driven offline robot learning that can use this unlabeled experience, we introduce Offline Reinforced Imitation Learning (ORIL). ORIL first learns a reward function by contrasting observations from demonstrator and unlabeled trajectories, then annotates all data with the learned reward, and finally trains an agent via offline reinforcement learning. Across a diverse set of continuous control and simulated robotic manipulation tasks, we show that ORIL consistently outperforms comparable BC agents by effectively leveraging unlabeled experience.
Electrospun carbon fibers: a promising electrode material for abiotic and enzymatic catalysis in hybrid biofuel cell (2014)

International audience