gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz channel modeling of underground sensor networks in oil reservoirs (2012)

Future enhanced oil recovery technology requires wireless sensor networks to effectively operate in underground oil reservoirs. In this case, the millimeter scale sensor nodes with the antennas at the same scale have to be deployed in the confined underground oil reservoir fractures. This necessitates the sensor nodes to be operating in the THz frequency range. In this paper, the propagation based on electromagnetic (EM) waves in the Terahertz band (0.1-120.0 THz) through a crude oil/water mixture and soil medium is analyzed in order to explore its applicability in underground oil reservoir assessments. The developed model evaluates the total path loss and the absorption loss that an EM wave experiences when propagating through the crude oil/water mixture and soil medium. Our results show that sensors can communicate successfully for distances up to 1 centimeter and we have determined the existence of two transmission bands, in which the path loss is below 100 dB. Among those, the frequency window, which provides best performance, determined as 70 to 85 THz. Different path and absorption loss schemes considered, which suggests that the 70 to 85 THz band is suitable for sensor communications in a medium of crude oil/water mixture and soil.
Evolution in the American Diabetes Association Standards of Care (2003)

Glycemic treatment goals have been discussed twice annually for at least the past 3 years that I have served on the Professional Practice Committee of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). These were first established over a decade ago without the benefit of any of the landmark outcomes studies that are available for review today. The overall recommendations have been subsequently well supported by the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study,1 the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial,2 the Kumamoto study,3 and, most recently, the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS).4,5 In each of these trials, a more intensively treated group achieved an average hemoglobin A1c (A1C) of ∼7%, and there was an associated reduction in microvascular endpoints and trend toward improvement in macrovascular endpoints. In each, the more stringently controlled group had a higher incidence of hypoglycemia, greater weight gain, and increased costs, although the net benefit with respect to endpoint reduction was felt to adequately compensate for these adverse effects.

However, the trend towards reduction in cardiovascular events in these trials is in part counterbalanced by the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study,6 a feasibility study of modest size and short duration, in which there was a nonstatistically significant increase in cardiovascular events in the intensive treatment group. Furthermore, interpretation of the UKPDS results is complicated by the fact that there was a statistically significant reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in the obese group treated with metformin (Glucophage), but a lesser effect in those treated with insulin and sulfonylurea despite their having a modestly greater reduction in A1C. Thus, it remains uncertain whether more intensive glycemic control is associated with cardiovascular benefit. At least three large-scale multicenter trials are underway to examine the effect of glycemic control on CVD events, and they will hopefully provide a …
Ultrafast all-optical switching of bistable Semiconductor Ring Lasers (2009)

Semiconductor ring lasers (SRLs) usually exhibit regimes of unidirectional operation, which offers a great potential for applications such as all-optical memories, switching and gating. In this paper, bistable semiconductor ring lasers of cavity lengths ranging from 1200 ¿m up to 1900 ¿m is fabricated. The devices were fabricated on a multiple quantum well AlGalnAs/InP wafer using a shallow etched technology. To study all-optical flip-flop operation of the device, 5 ps FWHM optical trigger pulses produced by an OPO is injected. In order to evaluate the limits of switching speed that can be achieved, numerical simulations of the SRL using a recently developed traveling-wave model is performed. The model includes coupling of the CW and CCW waves arising from both spectral- and spatial-hole burning in the carrier density. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations.
Betulin-Based Oleogel to Improve Wound Healing in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Prospective Controlled Proof-of-Concept Study (2017)

Our results indicate a potential for faster reepithelialization of wounds in patients with dystrophic EB when treated with Oleogel-S10 but larger studies are needed to confirm significance.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Marine Sponge Alkaloids. Part 7. Revised Structure of Xestocyclamine A and Description of a New Analogue. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Geometry-induced magnetoelectric effect enhancement and noise floor reduction in Metglas/piezofiber sensors (2012)

The geometry-dependent magnetoelectric (ME) effect was theoretically and experimentally investigated for multi-push-pull mode Metglas/Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 sandwich-like laminates. Such structures hold promise for passive sensor applications. A geometry-induced significant enhancement in the ME coefficient and an effective reduction in the equivalent magnetic noise was observed due to an increase in the Metglas width fraction. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4737906]
Genetic Analysis of Pathways to Parkinson Disease (2010)

In this review I outline the arguments as to whether we should consider Parkinson disease one or more than one entity and discuss genetic findings from Mendelian and whole-genome association analysis in that context. I discuss what the demonstration of disease spread implies for our analysis of the genetic and epidemiologic risk factors for disease and outline the surprising fact that we now have genetically identified on the order of half our risk for developing the disease.
A model-object based expert system for real-time intelligent control of chemical processes (2002)

A supervisory control expert system with object-based knowledge representation has been developed such that the general knowledge confined to classes and subclasses forms a core knowledge base which can be used as primitives for rapid prototyping of intelligent control systems for various chemical processes. The expert system is embedded in an application program and communicates with the control system structured in the form of control blocks. The expert system prototype is developed for retuning model-based controllers to improve the controlled behavior of a packed-bed chemical reactor system. The knowledge base of the model-object-based expert control system captures the complex structure and interdependencies of process control systems into a compact form that includes structure, declarative and heuristic relationships, and procedural and model based knowledge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Psychiatric Presentation of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune condition characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms, including epileptic seizures, movement disorders, autonomic instability, disturbances of consciousness, paranoia, delusions, and catatonia. Ovarian teratomas and viral infections, typically Herpes simplex viruses, have previously been demonstrated to precipitate anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, but in many cases, the trigger remains unclear. The detection of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in combination with other CSF, electroencephalography (EEG), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, typically leads to diagnostic clarification. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We present the case of a 22-year-old female patient who developed an acute polymorphic psychotic episode 3 days after receiving a booster vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, and polio (Tdap-IPV). Her psychiatric symptoms were initially diagnosed as a primary psychiatric disorder. Her MRI, EEG, and CSF results were non-specific. Anti-NMDA receptor IgG antibodies against the GluN1 subunit were detected in her serum (with a maximum titer of 1:320), but not in her CSF. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed pronounced relative hypermetabolism of her association cortices and a relative hypometabolism of the primary cortices, on the basis of which an anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis diagnosis was made, and treatment with a steroid pulse was initiated. The treatment led to fast and convincing clinical improvement with normalization of neuropsychological findings, considerable improvement of FDG-PET findings, and decreasing antibody titers. <b>Conclusion:</b> The patient's psychiatric symptoms were most likely caused by anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Her polymorphic psychotic symptoms first occurred after she had received a Tdap-IPV booster vaccination. Although the vaccination cannot have caused the initial antibody formation since IgG serum antibodies were detected only 3 days after administration of the vaccine, the vaccine may have exerted immunomodulatory effects. MRI, EEG, and CSF findings were non-specific; however, FDG-PET identified brain involvement consistent with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. This case shows the importance of implementing a multimodal diagnostic work-up in similar situations. The negative CSF antibody finding furthermore fits to the hypothesis that the brain may act as an immunoprecipitator for anti-NMDA receptor antibodies.
SwabExpress: An End-to-End Protocol for Extraction-Free COVID-19 Testing (2021)

SwabExpress is a simplified workflow that facilitates scaled testing for COVID-19 without sacrificing test performance. It may serve as a template for the simplification of PCR-based clinical laboratory tests, particularly in times of critical shortages during pandemics.
Intramolecular C−H/C−D Exchange in Cofacially Stacked Polyfluorenes via Electron-Induced Bond Activation (2005)

EPR studies in hexamethylphosphoramide, along with DFT studies, reveal that the one-electron reduction of pi-stacked polyfluorenes containing two, three, and four fluorene units leads to the corresponding anion radicals where the odd electron is located exclusively on an outside fluorene moiety. These anion radicals disproportionate to form small concentrations of diamagnetic dianions, wherein there is a nonclassical pz overlap that crosses the C2 axis. The presence of the two extra electrons activates the C-H bonds in the ortho positions, and concomitant overlap of the p-orbitals involving adjacent fluorene moieties results in intramolecular hydrogen exchange at temperatures as low as 90 K.
Chemical influence of ammonia on suppressing soot formation pathways (2020)

There is interest in mixing ammonia (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) with hydrocarbons, as this decreases overall CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from the fuel mixture when burned. Co-firing NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; with hydrocarbons like methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) also enables stable combustion over a larger set of operating conditions in engines and gas turbines than firing only NH&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;/sub&gt;permits. When NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; is co-fired with hydrocarbons, the influence of NH&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;/sub&gt;on soot formation chemistry becomes relevant. In this work, soot concentrations in laminar nonpremixed co-flow flames of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; were analyzed using color-ratio pyrometry. The concentrations of combustion species (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;, HCN) across the different flames were also determined using on-line electron-impact mass spectrometry. The flames were also interrogated with 2D CFD simulations, which employ a detailed chemical mechanism tailored to capturing fuel-nitrogen chemistry. Addition of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; to CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flames was found to decrease soot concentrations more significantly than N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-addition (Fig. 1). The NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flames were found to have higher flame temperatures than the N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flames, implying the suppression of soot afforded by NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; is due to a chemical influence of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, as opposed to thermal or dilution effects. Based on experimental and simulated soot volume fractions and species concentrations, soot formation pathways affected by NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; are postulated.
Observations And Restrictions For Tracking Indices Measurement In Materials Testing (2008)

Abstract The testing of various carrier materials for circuit paths on the basis of tracking indices determination is of particular interest for many modern sensing technologies, especially for technologies based on capacitive methods, as well as for the protection of circuitries by means of sealing in insulator material. This paper discusses observations for the determination of the tracking indices for elastic insulators according to the DIN standard EN 60112. The appearance of burn-in patterns on the insulator surface and the peculiar decrease of current peak amplitudes with increasing number of electrolyte droplets are investigated and possible causes are discussed, based on Finite Element Analysis and camera images of conducted experiments
Vibrational Characteristics of a Silicon 3D Structure and the Consideration in Applications (2000)

We examined the vabrational characteristics of a silicon 3D structure and considered the possibility of their applications. The silicon 3D structure with the cavity between the seismic mass which exists at the center of a chip and the beam which suspends the seismic mass has been realized. By using the 3D structure, the piezoresistive accelerometer was fabricated and it was obtained that the sensitivity for X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis component were 0.4-0.5mV/(m/s2) respectively. We also measured the frequency response of the piezoresistive accelerometer on condition that it was drived by a stacked piezo-electric. Additionally, we detected the angular velocity of the piezoresistive accelerometer and obtained the good agreement to the theory. Finally, we were able to verify the possibility of applying the silicon 3D structure to an angular rate sensor on the basis of experimental results.
Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers (2022)

Though early-stage colorectal cancer has a high 5 year survival rate of 65-92% depending on the specific stage, this probability drops to 13% after the cancer metastasizes. Frontline treatments for colorectal cancer such as chemotherapy and radiation often produce dose-limiting toxicities in patients and acquired resistance in cancer cells. Additional targeted treatments are needed to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Immunotherapy involves treatment with peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer cells. Preclinical and clinical investigations of immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, monoclonal antibodies, oncolytic viruses, anti-cancer vaccines, and immune system modulators have been promising, but demonstrate limitations for patients with proficient mismatch repair enzymes. In this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical studies investigating immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer and predictive biomarkers for response to these treatments. We also consider open questions including optimal combination treatments to maximize efficacy, minimize toxicity, and prevent acquired resistance and approaches to sensitize mismatch repair-proficient patients to immunotherapy.
Regioselective synthesis and crystal structure of C<sub>70</sub>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>10</sub>[C(CO<sub>2</sub>Et)<sub>2</sub>] (2007)

The Bingel reaction of poly(trifluoromethyl)fullerene p7mp-C70(CF3)10 with diethyl malonate and CBr4 in the presence of bases yields the C70(CF3)10[C(CO2Et)2] cycloadduct as a major product, along with two C70(CF3)10[CH(CO2Et)] isomers. An XRD study of the main compound demonstrates that a [2 + 1] cycloaddition occurs at the unoccupied pole of the p7mp-C70(CF3)10 molecule. The observed regiochemical selectivity of the [2 + 1] cycloaddition is shown to be favored from both energetic and orbital reactivity viewpoints.
The relations between observer-rating and self-report of depressive symptomatology. (1993)

Sources of discrepancy between the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were investigated in 114 depressed inpatients treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Three previously reported observations were found to occur within the same sample: (a) There was only a moderate baseline correlation between the measures; (b) this correlation improved markedly at later assessment; (c) the HRSD had a greater effect size for change. The modest baseline correlation was largely due to patients who rated themselves as substantially less depressed than clinicians had rated them. Improvement in the correlation with repeated assessment was due to the representation of clinical responders
Development and modeling of multi-phase polymeric origami inspired architecture by using pre-molded geometrical features (2016)

Using Origami folded cores in sandwich structures for lightweight applications has attracted attention in different engineering applications, especially in the applications where the stiffness to weight ratio is a critical design parameter. Recently, common sandwich cores such as honey-comb and foamed cores have been replaced with origami core panels due to their way of force redistribution and energy absorption; these unique characteristics give origami cores high stiffness to weight ratio and high bending and twisting resistance. This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of the effect of base material on the mechanical properties and the impact resistance of Miura–Origami sandwich cores; then, the experimental results are compared with FEA simulation results. The materials used in the study for the origami cores were polymer blends composed of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). PLA/TPU blend compositions are (100/0, 80/20, 65/35, 50/50, 20/80, and 0/100) as a weight percentage. The geometrical parameters of the unit cell, base material thickness, and the panel thickness were considered to be constants in this study. The study shows the behavior of the origami cores under impact test and the energy absorbed by the origami folded cores. It was found that 20/80 PLA/TPU blend demonstrated the highest specific energy absorption efficiency both in quasi-static compression and impact tests. Fractured Origami structures were observed to fail at folded edges (creases lines), while the facets exhibit rigid body rotations. The FEM simulation showed a consistency in the impact behavior of the origami cores, and the directional deformational of origami core units which explain the ability of the structure to redistribute the applied force and absorb energy. In this work the origami folded core features were molded directly from the blended material.
An extended hudrophobic core induces EF‐hand swapping (2001)

The structure of calbindin D(9k) with two substitutions was determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.8-A resolution. Unlike wild-type calbindin D(9k), which is a monomeric protein with two EF-hands, the structure of the mutated calbindin D(9k) reveals an intertwined dimer. In the dimer, two EF-hands of the monomers have exchanged places, and thus a 3D domain-swapped dimer has been formed. EF-hand I of molecule A is packed toward EF-hand II of molecule B and vice versa. The formation of a hydrophobic cluster, in a region linking the EF-hands, promotes the conversion of monomers to 3D domain-swapped dimers. We propose a mechanism by which domain swapping takes place via the apo form of calbindin D(9k). Once formed, the calbindin D(9k) dimers are remarkably stable, as with even larger misfolded aggregates like amyloids. Thus calbindin D(9k) dimers cannot be converted to monomers by dilution. However, heating can be used for conversion, indicating high energy barriers separating monomers from dimers.
Mobile search pattern evolution (2011)

In this paper we study the characteristics of search queries submitted from mobile devices using Yahoo! Search for Mobile during a 2 months period in early of 2010, and compare the results with a similar study conducted in late 2007. The major findings include 1) mobile search queries have become much more diverse, and 2) user interest and information needs have been substantially changed at least in some areas of search topics, including adult and local intent queries. In addition we investigate the impact of voice query search interface offered by Yahoo!'s mobile search service. We examine how unstructured spoken queries differ from conventional search queries.
Selective and Reversible Base-Induced Elimination of a Ruthenium Dithioether Yields a Vinyl Metallosulfonium Complex (2012)

Chemical oxidation of tris(2-diphenylphosphinebenzenethiolato)ruthenate(II) [Ru-1](-) with ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate in the presence of ethylene yields [(2-diphenylphosphinebenzenethiolato)(ethane-1,2-diylbis(thio-2,1-phenylene)diphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II)] hexafluorophosphate, [Ru-1·C(2)H(4)]PF(6), from addition of the alkene across cis sulfur sites. The [Ru-1·C(2)H(4)](+) complex displays a single redox couple at +794 mV versus ferrocenium/ferrocene. (1)H NMR of [Ru-1·C(2)H(4)](+) displays ethylene resonances at δ = 1.29 (td, 1H), 1.59 (td, 1H), 2.78 (dd, 1H), and 3.03 (dd, 1H). In the presence of base [Ru-1·C(2)H(4)](+) is selectively deprotonated at the pseudoequatorial proton on the carbon α to the sulfur trans to phosphorus, yielding the vinyl metallosulfonium derivative [Ru-1·C(2)H(3)]. (1)H and (31)P NMR spectra of [Ru-1·C(2)H(3)] are temperature dependent, associated with inversion of the sulfur lone pair at the vinyl metallosulfonium. The activation energy for the fluxional process calculated using density functional theory (B3LYP/LANL2DZ+6-31g) of 14.36 kcal/mol is consistent with the experimentally determined value of 13.08 kcal/mol. The complex [Ru-1·C(2)H(3)] crystallizes as yellow blocks in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell dimensions of a = 11.2718(5) Å, b =12.0524(3) Å, c = 23.6075(10) Å, α = 101.715(3)°, β = 98.154(4)°, and γ = 105.209(3)°. Addition of hydrochloric acid to [Ru-1·C(2)H(3)] regenerates [Ru-1·C(2)H(4)](+). Addition of DCl confirms the selectivity of this reverse reaction.
Effects of ventilation strategy on distribution of lung inflammatory cell activity (2013)

During systemic endotoxemia, protective ventilation may reduce the magnitude and heterogeneity of pulmonary inflammatory cell metabolic activity in early lung injury and may improve gas exchange through its effects predominantly in dependent lung regions. Such effects are likely related to a reduction in the metabolic activity, but not in the number, of lung-infiltrating neutrophils.