gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The choroid plexus in the rise, fall and repair of the brain (2005)

The choroid plexuses (CPs) are involved in the most-basic aspects of neural function including maintaining the extracellular milieu of the brain by actively modulating chemical exchange between the CSF and brain parenchyma, surveying the chemical and immunological status of the brain, detoxifying the brain, secreting a nutritive "cocktail" of polypeptides and participating in repair processes following trauma. This diversity of functions may mean that even modest changes in the CP can have far-reaching effects. Indeed, changes in the anatomy and physiology of the CP have been linked to aging and several CNS diseases. It is also possible that replacing diseased or transplanting healthy CP might be useful for treating acute and chronic brain diseases. This review focuses on the wide-ranging and under-appreciated functions of the CP, alterations of these functions in aging and neurodegeneration, and recent demonstrations of the therapeutic potential of transplanted CP for neural trauma.
Numerical Investigation of Binary Droplet Collisions in All Relevant Collision Regimes (2011)

A numerical investigation of binary droplet collisions in a gaseous phase has been conducted. A volume of fluid (VOF) based interface capturing method, which is characterized by introducing an extra artificial compression term into the volume-fraction transport equation, is employed to capture the liquid-gas interface. The full Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the volume-fraction transport equation are discretized on a fixed, uniform grid using the finite volume method. The solution of the volume-fraction transport equation is bounded by an explicit universal multidimensional limiter. The simulations cover five major regimes of binary droplet collisions: (I) coalescence with minor deformation, (II) bouncing, (III) coalescence with major deformation, (IV) reflexive separation and (V) stretching separation. A ghost cell method is introduced in order to simulate bouncing and retarded coalescence in head-on collisions. Especially, for retarded coalescence collisions, the volume-fraction boundary condition on the symmetry plane is switched to numerically control coalescence at a critical time which is determined by tracking the interface front. The simulated results are compared with the attainable experimental data and provide detailed pictures exhibiting the droplet collision processes. The inter-droplet pressure, defined by the static pressure on the symmetry plane in head-on collisions, is also evaluated and analyzed.
Metabolic profiling of murine plasma reveals an unexpected biomarker in rofecoxib-mediated cardiovascular events (2010)

Chronic administration of high levels of selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs), particularly rofecoxib, valdecoxib, and parecoxib, increases risk for cardiovascular disease. Understanding the possibly multiple mechanisms underlying these adverse cardiovascular events is critical for evaluating the risks and benefits of coxibs and for development of safer coxibs. The current understanding of these mechanisms is likely incomplete. Using a metabolomics approach, we demonstrate that oral administration of rofecoxib for 3 mo results in a greater than 120-fold higher blood level of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which correlates with a significantly shorter tail bleeding time in a murine model. We tested the hypothesis that this dramatic increase in 20-HETE is attributable to inhibition of its metabolism and that the shortened bleeding time following rofecoxib administration is attributable, in part, to this increase. The s.c. infusion of 20-HETE shortened the tail bleeding time dramatically. Neither 20-HETE biosynthesis nor cytochrome P4A-like immune reactivity was increased by rofecoxib administration, but 20-HETE production increased in vitro with the addition of coxib. 20-HETE is significantly more potent than its COX-mediated metabolites in shortening clotting time in vitro. Furthermore, 20-HETE but not rofecoxib significantly increases rat platelet aggregation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest 20-HETE as a marker of rofecoxib exposure and that inhibition of 20-HETE's degradation by rofecoxib is a partial explanation for its dramatic increase, the shortened bleeding time, and, possibly, the adverse cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib.
Untangling Complex Histories of Genome Mergings in High Polyploids (2007)

Polyploidy, the duplication of entire genomes, plays a major role in plant evolution. In allopolyploids, genome duplication is associated with hybridization between two or more divergent genomes. Successive hybridization and polyploidization events can build up species complexes of allopolyploids with complicated network-like histories, and the evolutionary history of many plant groups cannot be adequately represented by phylogenetic trees because of such reticulate events. The history of complex genome mergings within a high-polyploid species complex in the genus Cerastium (Caryophyllaceae) is here untangled by the use of a network algorithm and noncoding sequences of a low-copy number gene. The resulting network illustrates how hybridization and polyploidization have acted as key evolutionary processes in creating a plant group where high-level allopolyploids clearly outnumber extant parental genomes.
pT181-Qß vaccine reduces pathological Tau and rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), which currently affects 5.7 million people in the US, is clinically characterized by progressive memory decline. Since aging is a primary risk factor, and we are all getting older, this number is expected to triple to nearly 16 million, signaling a troubling health crisis. Tau, a protein in the brain, which normally provides support within neurons changes during the course of AD into pathological tau (pTau). pTau then accumulates as insoluble tangles within neurons, causing cell death, brain atrophy, and memory impairment. In the current study, we have developed a vaccine using a virus-like particle (VLP) platform targeting a type of p-Tau commonly seen in human patients, (pT181). Our VLP vaccine, derived from a bacteriophage called 'Q', contains a high density of viral coat proteins to which pT181 can easily adhere. Our vaccine, pT181-Qß, works through B-cells, turning these potent immune cells into antibody producing factories. In order to test the efficacy of our novel vaccine, we used a humanized tau mouse model of tauopathy (rTg4510) and injected pT181-Qß (our vaccine) and Qß (control), bi-weekly for 6 weeks. First, we observed a robust and long-lived antibody response against p-T181 in the serum and brains of pT181-Qß vaccinated mice, which were specific for pathological species of tau. Next, antibodies generated by pT181-Qß reduced both soluble and insoluble species of pTau, in the brain, decreased brain atrophy, and prevented neuronal cell death. Overall, the VLP vaccine, pT181-Qß, rescued cognitive dysfunction by decreasing levels of pTau and tau tangles while simultaneously preventing cell death. Therefore, VLP-based vaccination represents an exciting new avenue for drug development against AD.
Frequency Selection by Soliton Excitation in Nondegenerate Intracavity Down-conversion (2000)

We show that soliton excitation in intracavity down-conversion naturally selects a strictly defined frequency difference between the signal and idler fields. In particular, this phenomenon implies that if the signal has smaller losses than the idler then its frequency is pulled away from the cavity resonance and the idler frequency is pulled towards the resonance and vice versa. The frequency selection is shown to be closely linked with the relative energy balance between the idler and signal fields.
Bves modulates epithelial integrity through an interaction at the tight junction (2005)

We first identified Bves (blood vessel/epicardial substance) as a transmembrane protein that localized to the lateral compartment of the epithelial epicardium. Bves traffics to sites of cell-cell contact in cultured epicardial cells and promotes adhesion following transfection into non-adherent fibroblastic L-cells, reminiscent of a cell adhesion molecule. Currently, no function for Bves in relation to epithelial cell adhesion has been identified. We hypothesize that Bves plays a role at cell junctions to establish and/or modulate cell adhesion or cell-cell interactions in epithelial cell types. In this study, we demonstrate that Bves regulates epithelial integrity and that this function may be associated with a role at the tight junction (TJ). We report that Bves localizes with ZO-1 and occludin, markers of the TJ, in polarized epithelial cell lines and in vivo. We find that the behavior of Bves following low Ca2+ challenge or TPA treatment mimics that observed for ZO-1 and is distinct from adherens junction proteins such as E-cadherin. Furthermore, GST pull-down experiments show an interaction between ZO-1 and the intracellular C-terminal tail of Bves. Finally, we demonstrate that Bves modulates tight junction integrity, as indicated by the loss of transepithelial resistance and junction protein localization at the membrane following Bves knock-down in cultured cells. This study is the first to identify a function for Bves in epithelia and supports the hypothesis that Bves contributes to establishment and/or maintenance of epithelial cell integrity.
Mechanical and electrical properties of selective laser‐melted parts produced from surface‐oxidized copper powder (2019)

Selective laser melting of pure copper is challenging because of its high optical reflectivity and thermal conductivity. Accordingly, the surface of pure copper powder was modified by oxidation to enhance the optical absorption. The powder with improved optical absorption facilitated the production of crack-free and dense copper parts at relatively lower laser energy density in both argon and nitrogen atmosphere. The microstructural analysis demonstrated the presence of stable melt tracks without obvious porosity. A very high electrical conductivity of approximately 89% of the international annealed copper standard, the hardness of approximately 93 HV, a tensile strength of approximately 270 MPa, and ductility of approximately 28% were achieved in the as-built condition.
Effect of extruded flaxseed or alfalfa protein concentrate in interaction with two levels of concentrate on milk protein and Ca synthesis (2011)

Section: Ruminant Nutrition : Dairy Cattle L'auteur "Coulmier, D." est orthographié "Coumier, D." sur la publication
Astronomical Image Quality Prediction based on Environmental and Telescope Operating Conditions (2020)

Intelligent scheduling of the sequence of scientific exposures taken at ground-based astronomical observatories is massively challenging. Observing time is over-subscribed and atmospheric conditions are constantly changing. We propose to guide observatory scheduling using machine learning. Leveraging a 15-year archive of exposures, environmental, and operating conditions logged by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, we construct a probabilistic data-driven model that accurately predicts image quality. We demonstrate that, by optimizing the opening and closing of twelve vents placed on the dome of the telescope, we can reduce dome-induced turbulence and improve telescope image quality by (0.05-0.2 arc-seconds). This translates to a reduction in exposure time (and hence cost) of $\sim 10-15\%$. Our study is the first step toward data-based optimization of the multi-million dollar operations of current and next-generation telescopes.
Axonal Contact Regulates Expression of α2 and β2 Isoforms of Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase in Schwann Cells: Adhesion Molecules and Nerve Regeneration (1997)

Three isoforms of catalytic alpha subunits and two isoforms of beta subunits of Na+,K+-ATPase were detected in rat sciatic nerves by western blotting. Unlike the enzyme in brain, sciatic nerve Na+,K+-ATPase was highly resistant to ouabain. The ouabain-resistant alpha1 isoform was demonstrated to be the predominant form in rat intact sciatic nerve by quantitative densitometric analysis and is mainly responsible for sciatic nerve Na+,K+-ATPase activity. After sciatic nerve injury, the alpha3 and beta1 isoforms completely disappeared from the distal segment owing to Wallerian degeneration. In contrast, alpha2 and beta2 isoform expression and Na+,K+-ATPase activity sensitive to pyrithiamine (a specific inhibitor of the alpha2 isoform) were markedly increased in Schwann cells in the distal segment of the injured sciatic nerve. These latter levels returned to baseline with nerve regeneration. Our results suggest that alpha3 and beta1 isoforms are exclusive for the axon and alpha2 and beta2 isoforms are exclusive for the Schwann cell, although axonal contact regulates alpha2 and beta2 isoform expressions. Because the beta2 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase is known as an adhesion molecule on glia (AMOG), increased expression of AMOG/beta2 on Schwann cells in the segment distal to sciatic nerve injury suggests that AMOG/beta2 may act as an adhesion molecule in peripheral nerve regeneration.
An absolute charge sensor of fluid electrification measurements (1991)

A new instrument, the Absolute Charge Sensor (ACS), has been developed that measures the net charge density entrained in a fluid flow, independent of the fluid's electrical properties, velocity, and any electrification processes within the instrument. Through a shielded sampling probe, the ACS periodically transfers a small volume of charged fluid to an electrically isolated Faraday cage with no fluid exiting. The charge density is calculated from the known filling flow rate and either the current or voltage, respectively measured by low or high impedance electrometers connected to the electrically isolated Faraday cage. The ACS overcomes the ambiguity in current or voltage measurements of probes placed into the fluid flow where it is impossible to separate contributions from impacting charge in the flow from charge separated at the probe interface by the very charge generation and transport processes that are under study. The instrument is typically operated to measure charge densities as low as a few mu C/m/sup 3/ using a sampling flow rate of 0.18 cm/sup 3/ with a sampling period on the order of 1 min. A Couette charger apparatus that simulates flow electrification processes in transformers and fuel pumps has been used to test the ACS using transformer oil or gasoline. Result show good correlation between the ACS and continuous flow measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Infrared microspectroscopy of cells and tissue: infrared spectral maps of liver tissue (2000)

IR microspectral maps of healthy an diseased live tissue are reported, along with the methodology for obtaining such maps and methods for their interpretation. The result suggest that present technology permits maps to be collected that contain useful pathological information.
Quality of evidence for perceptual decision making is indexed by trial-to-trial variability of the EEG (2009)

A fundamental feature of how we make decisions is that our responses are variable in the choices we make and the time it takes to make them. This makes it impossible to determine, for a single trial of an experiment, the quality of the evidence on which a decision is based. Even for stimuli from a single experimental condition, it is likely that stimulus and encoding differences lead to differences in the quality of evidence. In the research reported here, with a simple "face"/"car" perceptual discrimination task, we obtained late (decision-related) and early (stimulus-related) single-trial EEG component amplitudes that discriminated between faces and cars within and across conditions. We used the values of these amplitudes to sort the response time and choice within each experimental condition into more-face-like and less-face-like groups and then fit the diffusion model for simple decision making (a well-established model in cognitive psychology) to the data in each group separately. The results show that dividing the data on a trial-by-trial basis by using the late-component amplitude produces differences in the estimates of evidence used in the decision process. However, dividing the data on the basis of the early EEG component amplitude or the times of the peak amplitudes of either component did not index the information used in the decision process. The results we present show that a single-trial EEG neurophysiological measure for nominally identical stimuli can be used to sort behavioral response times and choices into those that index the quality of decision-relevant evidence.
Chalcogenide fluorides of molybdenum (VI) and tungsten (VI). (1977)

The fluorination of molybdenum dioxydichloride, MoO2Cl 2, by either anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at elevated temperatures and pressures, or by xenon difluoride at low temperature produces a pale purple glass. This has been characterized, by infrared and 19 F n.m.r. spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and analytical data, as molybdenum dioxydifluoride, MoO2F2. In the reactions of MoO 2Cl2 with XeF2 evidence for the existence of MoO 2ClF has also been obtained. The controlled hydrolysis of tungsten oxytetrafluoride, WOF4, produces an extremely unstable solid which has been identified as tungsten dioxydifluoride, WO2F2, although definitive characterization has not been possible. The reactions of MoO2F 2 and the suspected WO2F2 with XeF2 do not produce the adducts XeF2.MoO2F2 or XeF2.WO2F2. Instead the oxytetra-fluorides are formed and these react with excess XeF2 to form the adducts XeF2.MoOF4 and XeF2.WOF4. Tungsten thiotetrafluoride, WSF4, and molybdenum thiotetrafluoride, MoSF 4, have been prepared for the first time. Both compounds were formed in reactions between antimony trisulphide, Sb2S3, and the appropriate hexafluoride at ~300. The compounds were characterized by infrared and 19F n.m.r. spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. They are polymeric in the solid state, presumably being tetrameric like WOF 4. The reaction of tungsten thiotetrachloride, WSCl4, with XeF 2 also forms WSF4. The anions WSF5-, W2S2F9- and the series WSF 5-n Cln-, produced by the action of anhydrous HF on WSCl4, have been identified by 19F n.m.r. spectroscopy. The first transition-metal selenofluoride, WSeF4, has been prepared by heating Sb2Se3 and WF6 to 350 for 48 hrs. Mass spectrometry infrared and 19Fn.m,r, spectroscopy and analytical data were used to identify the product.
3D Printing: Electrodeposition‐based 3D Printing of Metallic Microarchitectures with Controlled Internal Structures (Small 32/2015) (2015)

Freestanding copper 3D microarchitectures are printed by S. K. Seol and co-workers using the meniscus-guided electrodeposition method, which utilizes the meniscus as a local electrolyte bath. On page 3896, when the nozzle touches the substrate, an electrolyte meniscus is created between its opening and the conductive substrate surface. With an appropriate electrical potential applied between the microelectrode and the substrate, copper electrodeposition occurs on the substrate. Precise control of the nozzle enables the printing of complex 3D microarchitectures with well-defined geometries and positions.
Temporal, Diagnostic, and Tissue-Specific Regulation of NRG3 Isoform Expression in Human Brain Development and Affective Disorders (2016)

Mapping the temporal expression of genes during human brain development provides vital insight into gene function and identifies critical sensitive periods whereby genetic factors may influence risk for psychiatric disease. Here the authors provide comprehensive insight into the transcriptional landscape of the psychiatric risk gene, NRG3, in human neocortical development and expand on previous findings in schizophrenia to identify increased expression of developmentally and genetically regulated isoforms in the brain of patients with mood disorders. Principally, the finding that NRG3 classes II and III are brain-specific isoforms predicted by rs10748842 risk genotype and are increased in mood disorders further implicates a molecular mechanism of psychiatric risk at the NRG3 locus and identifies a potential developmental role for NRG3 in bipolar disorder and major depression. These observations encourage investigation of the neurobiology of NRG3 isoforms and highlight inhibition of NRG3 signaling as a potential target for psychiatric treatment development.
Photopolymerization differences by using nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses (2018)

Formation of polymeric pillars by using laser interference lithography will be compared for nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses. The experimental results will be explained by dynamics of laser-excited radicals.
<i>MiR137</i>is an androgen regulated repressor of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators (2015)

Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) play crucial roles in male development and the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). The AR functions as a ligand dependent transcription factor which recruits multiple enzymatically distinct epigenetic coregulators to facilitate transcriptional regulation in response to androgens. Over-expression of AR coregulators is implicated in cancer. We have shown that over-expression of KDM1A, an AR coregulator, contributes to PCa recurrence by promoting VEGFA expression. However the mechanism(s) whereby AR coregulators are increased in PCa remain poorly understood. In this study we show that the microRNA hsa-miR-137 (miR137) tumor suppressor regulates expression of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators including KDM1A/LSD1/AOF1, KDM2A/JHDM1A/FBXL11, KDM4A/JMJD2A, KDM5B JARID1B/PLU1, KDM7A/JHDM1D/PHF8, MED1/TRAP220/DRIP205 and NCoA2/SRC2/TIF2. We show that expression of miR137 is increased by androgen in LnCaP androgen PCa responsive cells and that the miR137 locus is epigenetically silenced in androgen LnCaP:C4-2 and PC3 independent PCa cells. In addition, we found that restoration of miR137 expression down-regulates expression of VEGFA, an AR target gene, which suggests a role of miR137 loss also in cancer angiogenesis. Finally we show functional inhibition of miR137 function enhanced androgen induction of PSA/KLK3 expression. Our data indicate that miR137 functions as an androgen regulated suppressor of androgen signaling by modulating expression of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators. Therefore, we propose that epigenetic silencing of miR137 is an important event in promoting androgen signaling during prostate carcinogenesis and progression.
Ether Complexes of Molybdenum(III) and Molybdenum(IV) chlorides (2014)

Trichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)molybdenum(III) (MoCl3(THF)3), is a widely used starting material for the synthesis of a broad range of molybdenum compounds. It was first prepared by a carbonyl route, but later the compound was obtained by a reductive procedure in three steps starting from MoCl5. In spite of the various incremental improvements, the three-step procedure remains rather long and requires isolation of both the MoCl4(MeCN)2 and MoCl4(THF)2 intermediates in order to obtain product of sufficient quality. Ethereal solutions of MoCl5 are stable and their conversion to tetrachlorobis(diethyl ether)molybdenum(IV) (MoCl4(OEt2)2) by reducing agents such as norbornene or allyltrimethylsilane has been previously reported. As it turns out, this reduction can be conveniently carried out by metallic tin. This chapter describes both the synthesis and isolation of the MoCl4(OEt2)2 complex and the direct, two-step, single-flask synthesis of MoCl3(THF)3 from MoCl5.