gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Packet Switch With Distributed Control Based on InP Wavelength-Space Switch Modules (2012)

We demonstrate, for the first time, system operation and performance evaluation of a monolithically integrated InP optical wavelength-and-space switching module (OWSSM) as a key building block for implementing an integrable optical packet switch (OPS) with highly distributed control. The design of the semiconductor optical amplifier-based optical gates allows the OWSSM to be directly controlled by the low-voltage digital pins of a field-programmable gate array processor. This leads to the advantage of control simplicity and power efficiency. We demonstrate dynamic switching and contention resolution in the OPS with four wavelength 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOK optical packets per input port. Error free switching operation is achieved with a 4 dB penalty, switching time of 25 ns, and energy consumption of 66 pJ/bit. These results indicate that the integrated optical module could potentially be used to build up a large scale OPS with a negligible increase of latency.
Human neutrophil – mediated destruction of antibody sensitized herpes simplex virus type I infected cells (1978)

Human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were tested for their ability to act as effector cells in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected target cells sensitized with anti-HSV serum. The PMN from all 29 individuals tested could mediate ADCC in the presence of a standard human anit-HSV serum. Since PMN are prominent cells early in herpes lesions, it was hypothesized that because ADCC could represent an in vitro model for antiviral recovery, perhaps the efficacy of PMN at mediating ADCC might be impaired in those subjects to frequent recrudescent herpes. However, evidence for the hypothesis was not obtained since the PMN from individuals with frequent, infrequent, or unrecorded herpes labialis all showed approximately the same activity at mediating ADCC. Alternative ways in which PMN could be involved in antiviral recovery were discussed.
A SOM approach to the failure physics of optoelectronic devices (1993)

The use of optical beam induced current (OBIC) and photoluminescence (PL) implemented in a scanning optical microscope (SOM) for the study of the degradation mechanisms of optoelectronic devices is discussed. High sensitivity and spatial resolution in the localization of defects are demonstrated, unique analytical schemes are described, and the cofocal photoluminescence (CPL) technique is introduced. Theoretical analysis and computations support the experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Investigation of a digital eddy current sensor (2015)

Measuring the position of a moving or rotating target is one of the basic tasks for position control applications. Especially in the area of magnetic bearings, this plays a crucial role for stable levitation. Hence, the demand on reliable and affordable position sensor systems is high. Thereby, the sensor should feature high dynamics, a high resolution and low noise. State of the art systems are typically very expensive and, therefore, influence the feasibility of industrial applications. In this paper the working principle of a digital eddy current position sensor is presented which uses the effect of injection locking in oscillators. Due to the digital nature of the pulse width modulated position output signal it is obvious to skip the conversion to an analog signal, by means of low pass filtering. Instead, the controller digital signal processor is used for a time-to-digital conversion of the signal. This has the advantage that the costs of an expensive time to digital converter can be saved. To investigate the behavior, the position sensor system was simulated using a coupled finite element and electronic circuit simulation. Furthermore, measurements on the sensor were conducted to verify the simulation results and to analyze the performance of the sensor. Finally, the sensor system was tested in a one-axis magnetic bearing system and the results are presented.
Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of nimesulide, phenylephrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate and caffeine anhydrous in pharmaceutical dosage form. (2013)

In this study, a simple, specific and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nimesulide (NS), phenylephrine hydrochloride (PE), chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) and caffeine anhydrous (CF) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. A reversed phase Hypersil phenyl column (4.6 mm x 25 cm) with mobile phase having pH 5.5 consisting of methanol and buffer (55:45, v/v) was used. The flow rate was 1.0 mL per minute and the effluents were monitored at 214 nm. The retention times of all the drugs were found to be 7.47 min (NS), 3.944 min (PE), 4.55 min (CF) and 17.15 min (CPM), respectively. The linearity for all the drugs was obtained in the range of 300-800 microg/mL (NS), 15-32 microg/mL (PE), 16-32 microg/mL (CPM) and 30-180 microg/mL (CF), respectively. The results of analysis have been well validated according to guidelines of International Conference of Harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use. The method was found to be simple, precise, economical, less time consuming and reproducible. Hence, the suggested procedure could be used for the determination of all the four drugs in commercial preparations.
Performance of AP-Based Composite Propellant Containing Nanoscale Aluminum (2005)

Several HTPB/AP/Al-based composite propellant mixtures were prepared with and without the addition of small percentages of nanoscale aluminum and burned in a strand burner at pressure up to 5000 psi. The effect of monomodal versus bimodal AP particle size, course aluminum particle size, nano aluminum particle size, and course-to-fine ratios on burn rate and manufacturability were explored. A significant conclusion of the present study is that the addition of nano-sized aluminum does not necessarily increase a propellant's burn rate when prepared using conventional methods. It was observed that, over the range of mixtures and pressures explored, a bimodal oxidizer is required for the nanoscale Al to affect the burning rate, and that a monomodal oxidizer tended to nullify any influence. In some cases, the addition of nano-sized aluminum actually decreased the burn rate. The level of burn rate increase or decrease depended on the bimodal or monomodal AP particle sizes, the coarse Al particle size, and the pressure range. Copyright © 2005 by the Authors.
Morphological Transformation of Oxide Particles and Thresholds for Effective Gettering in Silicon (2005)

This paper presents a qualitative description and quantitative model of the technologically important problem of the transition from ineffective to effective internal gettering (IG) states in CZ silicon wafers as the precipitation of oxygen proceeds at high temperatures. Of central importance to the problem is a morphological transformation of growing oxide preciptitates from an initial strain free to a strained platelet state. The transition to effective IG occurs when approximately 107 cm-3 precipitate sites are transformed into the strained state. The transformation rates as a function of oxygen concentration and precipitate site density, deduced from etching and TEM, are presented. A model for the morphological transformation to the strained state is developed and with it a model for the annealing criteria for the threshold for effective gettering.
Structural and Thermal Characterization of Novel Organosolv Lignins from Wood and Herbaceous Sources (2020)

This study demonstrates the effects of structural variations of lignins isolated via an organosolv process from different woody and herbaceous feedstocks on their thermal stability profiles. The organosolv lignins were first analysed for impurities, and structural features were determined using the default set of gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR spectroscopy, quantitative 31 P NMR spectroscopy and semi-quantitative 1 H- 13 C HSQC analysis. Pyrolysis-, O 2 - and CO 2 -reactivity of the organosolv lignins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and volatile formation in various heating cycles was mapped by head-space GC-MS analysis. Revealed reactivities were correlated to the presence of identified impurities and structural features typical for the organosolv lignins. Data suggest that thermogravimetric analysis can eventually be used to delineate a lignin character when basic information regarding its isolation method is available.
A biocompatible reverse thermoresponsive polymer for ocular drug delivery (2019)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss, the treatment of which may require monthly intravitreal injections. This is a burden on patients and health services, and new delivery modalities that reduce injection frequency are required. To that end, we investigated the suitability of a novel reverse thermoresponsive polymer (RTP) as an ocular drug-delivery vehicle. In this work, we detail the structure and synthesis of a novel RTP, and determine drug release curves for two drugs commonly used in the treatment of AMD, bevacizumab and aflibercept. Biocompatibility of the RTP was assessed in vitro in human and rat cell lines and in vivo following intravitreal injection in rats. Bevacizumab demonstrated a more appropriate release profile than aflibercept, with 67% released within 14 days and 78% released in total over a 183-day period. No toxic effects of RTP were seen in human or rat cells in up to 14 days of co-culture with RTP. Following intravitreal injection, intraocular pressure was unaffected by the presence of RTP and no changes in retinal function or structure were observed at 1 week or 1 month post-injection. RTP injection did not cause inflammation, gliosis or apoptosis in the retina. This work demonstrates the potential suitability of the novel RTP as a sustained-release vehicle for ocular drug delivery for anti-neovascular therapies. Optimization of polymer chemistry for optimal drug loading and release is needed.
Thieme Chemistry Journal Awardees - Where are They Now? Catalytic Transport with an Amine Carrier in a Fluorous Triphasic Reaction (2009)

Several aromatic aldehydes are transported by a fluorous amine from one organic phase through a fluorous phase to another organic phase. The derived imines react with phenylhydrazine to immobilize the transported product as a hydrazone and release the amine for reuse. In this way, catalytic transport is accomplished for the first time.
Multi-Axis Electromagnetic Moving-Coil Micro-Actuator (2006)

This paper presents the design and proposed fabrication of an electromagnetic (EM) micro-actuator capable of independent force output in two orthogonal axes of motion. This actuator enables independently controlled in- and out-of-plane motion when coupled with a suitable flexure. An electromagnetic force model is presented. Simulation results indicate that the actuator can output several mNewtons per square millimeter of footprint in two orthogonal axes with electrical bandwidth greater than 1 MHz. In addition, we show that the micro-actuator may be designed to eliminate parasitic force and torque by tuning the coil geometry. A bench-level prototype nanopositioner has been designed and built with centimeter-scale prototype actuator coils and magnets. Predicted static displacement matches the measured values to within 5%. Efforts to further miniaturize the device are described, including a four-mask micro-fabrication process that is to be used to fabricate two-axis actuators for a six-axis nanopositioner. Parts of these processes have been used to create prototype micro-coils that sustain current densities greater than 1000 A/mm2.
Development and Validation of a Prospective Point-of-Care Registry for Recall, Communication and Quality Reporting of Colonoscopy Findings (2012)

Purpose: Recently, there has been development of endoscopy registry and reporting tools (example: GI Quality Improvement Consortium or GIQuIC), which seeks to standardize documentation within and between institutions, as well as provide comparative analysis regarding documentation and procedure related metrics. The major challenge towards greater adoption of such registry and reporting tools is that the pathology reporting and its interpretation do not integrate with the main electronic health record (EHR) or GIQuIC in a way that allows for discreet data capture. This forces the physician to enter data redundantly greatly affecting work flow and efficiency in quality improvement initiatives. Methods: This prospective pilot study presents a programming solution, SmartLetter, which is able to marry patient communication with capturing of discreet data within EHR, which can be bundled with quality metrics captured within endoscopy records, and can be uploaded to GIQUIC in an automated fashion. Additionally, the programming solution automatically populates a recall registry, which can be used to generate reminder letters to patients, all without any change to physician work flow, or decrease in efficiency. Results: A total of 648 patients underwent screening or surveillance colonoscopy with three pilot physicians between September 2011 and May 2012. All but 5 patients with polypectomy had SmartLetter generated by the pilot physicians and routed to the referring provider and patient. Overall Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR) and Advanced Adenoma Detection Rate was 39.7% and 3.54% respectively. 6% of patients (n=31) had earlier than recommended follow-up interval due to suboptimal bowel preparation. The recall process picked up 4 out of 15 high-risk patients who were recommended colonoscopy within 3 months but did not have repeat procedure completed or scheduled. This data from the SmartLetter is then merged with the data from Endoscopic Electronic Records to automate GIQuIC upload and populate an on-the-fly registry for colonoscopy recall. Conclusion: The usual process for recall is suboptimal and likely to miss some high-risk patients requiring surveillance colonoscopy. A standardized point-of-care solution, such as SmartLetter, can fulfill the tripartite aim of patient communication, recall process for high-risk patients and quality reporting requirements in a one-stop solution. We are partnering with GIQuIC to deploy this solution to other private practices and academic institutions nationally.
Synthesis and preliminary assessment of the anticancer and Wnt/β-catenin inhibitory activity of small amide libraries of fenamates and profens (2017)

As part of an ongoing program to study the anticancer activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) through generating diversity libraries of multiple NSAID scaffolds, we synthesized a series of NSAID amide derivatives and screened these sets against three cancer cell lines (prostate, colon and breast) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The evaluated amide analog libraries show significant anticancer activity/cell proliferation inhibition, and specific members of the sets show inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Neural dynamics in a model of the thalamocortical system. II. The role of neural synchrony tested through perturbations of spike timing (1997)

Activity in the mammalian thalamocortical system is often accompanied by a synchronous discharge of cortical and thalamic neurons. Although many functions have been attributed to such synchronous firing, it is not known whether or how synchrony of firing per se affects thalamocortical operations. Direct experimental tests of the consequences of neuronal synchronization in vivo are hard to carry out, whereas theoretical studies based on single-neuron models cannot reveal the effects of synchrony at the system level. To overcome these limitations, we have used a perturbational approach to test the causal efficacy of synchrony per se in large-scale simulations of the thalamocortical system. The test consists of selectively disrupting firing synchrony by 'jittering' the timing of action potentials in the simulations and determining whether firing rates are modified by this perturbation. The simulations are based in detail on the known anatomy and physiology of the thalamocortical-visual system of the cat, and have been shown in a companion paper to produce episodes of fast synchronous activity at multiple levels. By carrying out the perturbation analysis, we established that neurons can have long membrane time constants (8-16 ms) and balanced synaptic activations, and yet function collectively in such a way that synchrony within a time window of 4 ms significantly affects the rates and selectivity of the responses to visual stimuli. The simulations also revealed a complex interplay, at the network level, between synchrony of firing and rate of firing. The dynamic consequences of firing synchrony were most evident when spike jittering was applied to specific polysynaptic loops involving corticocortical and corticothalamic connections. These results support the view that firing synchrony within thalamocortical and corticocortical loops plays a causal role in the cooperative and competitive neural interactions that produce pattern-selective responses in the cortex.
Supplementary Figures 1-10 from Impaired SHP2-Mediated Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation Contributes to Gefitinib Sensitivity of Lung Cancer Cells with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Activating Mutations (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-10 from Impaired SHP2-Mediated Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation Contributes to Gefitinib Sensitivity of Lung Cancer Cells with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Activating Mutations
The Effect of <i>Fhb1</i> and <i>Fhb5</i> Quantitative Trait Loci in Hard Red Spring Wheat Does Not Depend on Fungicide Use for Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat (2019)

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, is one of the most damaging diseases that affect wheat in Canada. The disease is best managed by integrating host resistance and fungicides, mainly demethylation inhibitors. Research has shown that the effect of fungicides may be dependent on the level of resistance of the cultivar. However, whether the performance of genotypes carrying specific Sumai 3-derived major FHB quantitative trait loci is dependent on fungicide application has not been explored. In our study, the performance of near-isogenic lines (NILs; <1.0% genome/alleles from the resistance donor), carrying <i>Fhb1</i> and <i>Fhb5</i> in a hard red spring wheat cultivar CDC Go background compared with a moderately susceptible (MS) genotype, was evaluated with and without one application of metconazole during full flowering. Field experiments were conducted at five site-years in Saskatchewan, Canada, between 2016 and 2017. In both the individual and combined analysis (all trials), we found that the effect of NILs and metconazole in suppressing FHB symptoms and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in the grain was additive. FHB severity was generally low and fungicide efficacy levels, relative to the untreated control, were increased in the MS cultivar than in the NILs carrying <i>Fhb1</i> and <i>Fhb5</i>, which were least affected by the disease. The results confirm the importance of integrating fungicides with cultivar resistance to reduce FHB and DON, regardless of the presence of those well-characterized resistant genes.
S03.1 IMPREGNATION OF BONE CHIPS WITH ANTIBIOTICS AND STORAGE OF ANTIBIOTICS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. (2011)

Introduction: The effect of different temperatures to antibiotics is unknown. What is the dose-response curve of bone chips impregnated with different kinds of antibiotics? Material and Methods: Five different antibiotic pills and solutions (cefazolin, clindamycin, linezolid, oxacillin, vancomycin) were stored at −80°C, −20°C, 4°C, 20°C and 37°C. Also, bone chips were impregnated with cefazolin and vancomycin solution and were stored at −80°C and −20°C. After 1 month, 6 months and 1 year, reaction of the antibiotics to Staphylococcus epidermidis was measured using an inoculated iso-agar. Activity of the antibiotics was measured as the diameter of the Staphylococcus epidermidis-free zone. Also, five cefazolin and vancomycin solutions were used to impregnate bone chips and to make dose-response curves. Furthermore, 1 gram bone chips was impregnated with 5ml cefazolin or 5ml vancomycin solution. Results: A decrease of the diameter free zone Staphylococcus epidermidis was seen when oxacillin and cefazolin solutions were stored at 37°C for 1 month and when vancomycin was stored for 6 months (37°C). Also, when cefazolin and oxacillin solutions were stored at 20°C, a decrease was noticed. The storage of other antibiotic solutions, pills and bone/antibiotics composite showed no differences in reaction. Dose-response curves show that with increasing antibiotic quantity, diameter free zone increases according to a logarithmic function. Conclusion and discussion: With the dose-response curve the optimal concentration(s) for local application can be determined. It gives the opportunity to determine the amount of antibiotics present in the patient locally. Freezing of antibiotics does not affect the activity of the investigated antibiotics.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Route to Fluoroalkyl‐ and Fluoroarylamines by Base‐ Catalyzed (1,3)‐Proton Shift Reaction. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface energy modification and characterization of a plasma-polymerized fluoropolymer (1996)

This paper describes two methods of modifying the surface energy of a plasma-polymerized film. One method is to use diphenylamine (DPA) to stabilize the surface energy increase of the polymer caused on exposure to air or a polar liquid. Another method is to use heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) to reduce the surface energy of aged (oxidized) film. The HFBA-treated film displays the same surface energy (20 mJ/m2) as the freshly prepared film. It is, however, much more stable than the as-polymerized film in propylene glycol. Other silylation and fluorinated esterification reagents were found to be much less effective. The changes in surface energy were caused by changes in the chemical structure. The chemical changes were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). These changes were either caused by oxidation of the film in air, water, and propylene glycol or were induced by fluorination of the oxidized film. The polymer used in this study is a copolymer of perfluoropropane (PFP) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropylmethyldimethoxysilane (TFPS). Other physical properties, such as solubility, thickness, coefficient of friction, adhesion, and thermal transitions of the polymer, have also been studied.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2 infection (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women is associated with a 0.8% rate of maternal mortality, but an 11.1% rate of admission to the ICU. The risk of vertical transmission seems to be negligible. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.