gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling linguistic segment and turn boundaries for n-best rescoring of spontaneous speech (1997)

Language modeling, especially for spontaneous speech, often suffers from a mismatch of utterance segmentations between training and test conditions. In particular, training often uses linguistically-based segments, whereas testing occurs on acoustically determined segments, resulting in degraded performance. We present an N-best rescoring algorithm that removes the effect of segmentation mismatch. Furthermore, we show that explicit language modeling of hidden linguistic segment boundaries is improved by including turn-boundary events in the model. 1. THE SEGMENTATION PROBLEM IN LANGUAGE MODELING One of the problems encountered in speech recognition on continuous, spontaneous speech is the segmentation of long waveforms. Because current recognizers prefer short waveform segments for best performance and to limit computational resources, conversation-length waveforms are typically pre-segmented using simple acoustic criteria, such as locations of long pauses and turn switches. This creates several problems for language modeling: The segmentation algorithm used (including its parameters) influences the statistics embodied in the language model (LM), creating a potential mismatch between training and test set. Strictly speaking, one would have to resegment the training data, recreate the word-level transcriptions, and retrain the language model every time the segmentation process is modified. The acoustic segmentation typically yields units that are not linguistically coherent, and hence sub-optimal for language modeling. Language modeling research on spontaneous speech [10] shows that N-gram LMs based on complete utterance units give lower perplexity than those based only on acoustic segmentations. Furthermore, work reported in [12] showed that the word error rate on spontaneous speech can be reduced simply by resegmenting the speech at linguistic boundaries and using a language model based on the same segmentation. Explicit modeling of spontaneous speech phenomena such as disfluencies also requires modeling of linguistic (as opposed to acoustic) segment boundaries [15]. Similarly, sophisticated LMs modeling syntactic structure typically assume complete sentences as their input [12]. The following excerpt from the Switchboard corpus [2] illustrates the discrepancies between acoustic and linguistic segmentations. Linguistic segment boundaries are marked by , whereas acoustic boundaries are indicated by //. A subset of acoustic boundaries corresponds to turn boundaries, indicated by . B: Worried that they’re not going to get enough attention?
SOOT REDUCTION CHEMICALS FOR IN-SITU BURNING (1993)

ABSTRACT A soot reduction additive for use in the in-situ burning of oil spills has been developed. The additive is in the form of a liquid concentrate that can be sprayed on a spill. The soot producing tendency of hydrocarbons decreases in the order: aromatics, branched paraffins, cycloalkanes, normal paraffins. Similarly, the soot reduction ability of ferrocene and derivatives decreases in the order: aromatics, cycloalkanes, branched paraffins, normal paraffins. A method of predicting soot reduction is inferred from model studies and confirmation obtained from experiments on known hydrocarbon mixtures.
Practical Generalized Relative Degree Approach to Sliding Mode Control Design (2022)

The relative degree (RD) approach is a powerful tool for output tracking controller designs for minimum phase systems. Designs based on the RD approach may fail due to restrictions on control authority and an insufficiency of the corresponding control gain. The use of a practical generalized RD approach in concert with sliding mode control to compensate for system perturbations is studied in this paper. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a rocket attitude control problem.
The tetrameric structure of the novel haloalkane dehalogenase DpaA from <i>Paraglaciecola agarilytica</i> NO2 (2021)

Haloalkane dehalogenases (EC 3.8.1.5) are microbial enzymes that catalyse the hydrolytic conversion of halogenated compounds, resulting in a halide ion, a proton and an alcohol. These enzymes are used in industrial biocatalysis, bioremediation and biosensing of environmental pollutants or for molecular tagging in cell biology. The novel haloalkane dehalogenase DpaA described here was isolated from the psychrophilic and halophilic bacterium Paraglaciecola agarilytica NO2, which was found in marine sediment collected from the East Sea near Korea. Gel-filtration experiments and size-exclusion chromatography provided information about the dimeric composition of the enzyme in solution. The DpaA enzyme was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method, yielding rod-like crystals that diffracted X-rays to 2.0 Å resolution. Diffraction data analysis revealed a case of merohedral twinning, and subsequent structure modelling and refinement resulted in a tetrameric model of DpaA, highlighting an uncommon multimeric nature for a protein belonging to haloalkane dehalogenase subfamily I.
Combining an Ionic Transition Metal Complex with a Conjugated Polymer for Wide-Range Voltage-Controlled Light-Emission Color (2015)

We report on voltage-controlled electroluminescence (EL) over a broad range of colors from a "two-luminophor" (2L) light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), comprising a blend of a majority blue-emitting conjugated polymer (blue-CP), a minority red-emitting ionic transition metal complex (red-iTMC), and an ion-transporting compound as the active layer. The EL color is reversibly shifted from red, over orange, pink, and white, to blue by simply changing the applied voltage from 3 to 7 V. An analysis of our results suggests that the low concentration of immobile cations intrinsic to this particular device configuration controls the electron injection and thereby the EL color: at low voltage, electrons are selectively injected into the low-barrier minority red-iTMC, but with increasing voltage the injection into the high-barrier majority blue-CP is gradually improved.
Preparation of stainless steel mesh reinforced aluminum sheets by powder rolling and spark sintering methods. (2002)

Aluminum matrix composite sheets, two-dimensionally reinforced with stainless steel mesh, were prepared by powder rolling and spark sintering. Tensile tests of the sintered samples were carried out to investigate the optimization of the preparing condition. Bonding of powder particles was promoted by sintering at higher temperature and for longer holding time. On the other hand, the intermetallic compound Alx(Fe, Ni, Cr) layer was produced at the interface between the stainless steel wire and aluminum matrix in the sintering process. The thickness of the intermetallic compound layer becomes larger at higher sintering temperature and for longer sintering time. Under the most suitable condition that the aluminum matrix is sintered enough and the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer is not so large, the maximum tensile strength of the composite is obtained. Under the conditions, the strength of the composite sheet increases and the elongation hardly changes with increasing volume fraction of stainless steel mesh to about 20%.
The Diversity of Serum Anti-DSG3 IgG Subclasses Has a Major Impact on Pemphigus Activity and Is Predictive of Relapses After Treatment With Rituximab (2022)

The serum levels and number of anti-DSG3 IgG subclasses drive the pathogenic effect of pemphigus sera and may predict the occurrence of relapses.
Plan stability: replanning versus plan repair (2006)

The ultimate objective in planning is to construct plans for execution. However, when a plan is executed in a real environment it can encounter differences between the expected and actual context of execution. These differences can manifest as divergences between the expected and observed states of the world, or as a change in the goals to be achieved by the plan. In both cases, the old plan must be replaced with a new one. In replacing the plan an important consideration is plan stability. We compare two alternative strategies for achieving the stable repair of a plan: one is simply to replan from scratch and the other is to adapt the existing plan to the new context. We present arguments to support the claim that plan stability is a valuable property. We then propose an implementation, based on LPG, of a plan repair strategy that adapts a plan to its new context. We demonstrate empirically that our plan repair strategy achieves more stability than replanning and can produce repaired plans more efficiently than replanning. 1
Microfluidic Device for Differentiation Induction of iPS Cells-derived Embryoid Bodies with Local Chemical Stimulation (2022)

This paper reports a microfluidic device that allows us to measure the effect of local differentiation stimulation on embryoid bodies for the purpose of elucidating the role of the cell-cell interaction of iPS cells in differentiation induction. We developed the local stimulation device having two chambers separated by thin polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) membrane with through-holes of the diameter smaller than single cell. Embryoid bodies of iPS cells are formed on the membrane and seal the holes, separating the aqueous environments of 2 chambers without leakage. This configuration brings localized exposure to chemicals for differentiation induction at the area defined by the holes. In this paper, we demonstrated the function of local stimulation using fluorescent solution.
Understanding the Selection Mechanism of the Polymer Wrapping Technique toward Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes (2018)

Abstract Noncovalent functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using π‐conjugated polymers has become one of the most effective techniques to select semiconducting SWNTs (s‐SWNTs). Several conjugated polymers are used, but their ability to sort metallic and semiconducting species, as well as the dispersions yields, varies as a function of their chemical structure. Here, three polymers are compared, namely, poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐dodecyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (P12CPDTBT), poly(9,9‐di‐n‐dodecylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl) (PF12), and poly(3‐dodecylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3DDT) in their ability to select two types of carbon nanotubes comprising small (≈1 nm) and large (≈1.5 nm) diameters. P12CPDTBT is a better dispersant than PF12 for small diameter nanotubes, while both polymers are good dispersants of large diameter nanotubes. However, these dispersions contain metallic species. P3DDT, instead presents the best overall performance regarding the selectivity toward semiconducting species, with a dispersion yield for s‐SWNTs of 15% for small and 21% for large diameter nanotubes. These results are rationalized in terms of electronic and chemical structure showing that: (i) the binding energy is stronger when more alkyl lateral chains adsorb on the nanotube surface; (ii) the binding energy is stronger when the polymer backbone is more flexible; (iii) the purity of the dispersions seems to depend on a strong polymer–nanotube interaction.
Full‐Color Metaoptical Imaging in Visible Light (2022)

Metaoptics is a fast‐growing field with the potential to dramatically miniaturize image sensors. Unlike many other scientific endeavors, metaoptics are poised to make a technological and commercial impact within a few decades of inception. In particular, metaoptics is touted for next‐generation, multifunctional optical elements, with the potential to largely replace refractive optics. The performance of metaoptics for full‐color imaging, however, remains poor due to strong chromatic aberrations. Arguably, color cameras are the most prevalent in lives, and the poor performance of metaoptics in this application significantly limits their commercial opportunities. Herein, the current landscape of full‐color imaging in the visible wavelength range using metaoptics is reviewed. Imaging approaches using a single metaoptic are focused on, where the size and the weight can be reduced by the largest amount. Future research directions to this effect are outlined.
Authoring accessible media content on social networks (2022)

User-generated content plays a key role in social networking, allowing a more active participation, socialisation, and collaboration among users. In particular, media content has been gaining a lot of ground, allowing users to express themselves through different types of formats such as images, GIFs and videos. The majority of this growing type of online visual content remains inaccessible to a part of the population, in particular for those who have a visual disability, despite available tools to mitigate this source of exclusion. We sought to understand how people are perceiving this type of online content in their networks and how support tools are being used. To do so, we conducted a user study, with 258 social network users through an online questionnaire, followed by interviews with 20 of them – 7 blind users and 13 sighted users. Results show how the different approaches being employed by major platforms may not be sufficient to address this issue properly. Our findings reveal that users are not always aware of the possibility and the benefits of adopting accessible practices. From the general perspectives of end-users experiencing accessible practices, concerning barriers encountered, and motivational factors, we also discuss further approaches to create more user engagement and awareness.
Volumetric ray tracing (1994)

Article Free Access Share on Volumetric ray tracing Authors: Lisa M. Sobierajski View Profile , Arie E. Kaufman View Profile Authors Info & Claims VVS '94: Proceedings of the 1994 symposium on Volume visualizationOctober 1994 Pages 11–18https://doi.org/10.1145/197938.197949Published:17 October 1994Publication History 63citation559DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations63Total Downloads559Last 12 Months37Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Antimicrobial Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films Containing Cetrimide and Silver (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAntimicrobial Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films Containing Cetrimide and SilverJaime C. Grunlan, John K. Choi, and Albert LinView Author Information Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology Center (PTC), Texas A&M University, 3123 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3123, and Biological Science Department, Biola University, 13800 Biola Avenue, La Mirada, California 90639 Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2005, 6, 2, 1149–1153Publication Date (Web):December 31, 2004Publication History Received12 August 2004Revised8 November 2004Published online31 December 2004Published inissue 1 March 2005https://doi.org/10.1021/bm049528cCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1458Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (400 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Coating materials,Deposition,Silver,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Evaluating the Potential for a Novel Irrigation System Controller to Be Adopted by Medium-Scale Contract Farmers in East Africa (2022)

Abstract Food insecurity in East Africa (EA) is exacerbated by the effects of climate change. Water scarcity and high energy costs make it difficult for farmers to increase their yields to levels needed to feed growing populations. One way for countries to sustainably increase food production is to increase the adoption of water- and energy-efficient irrigation technology. Solar-powered drip irrigation systems are such a technology. These systems provide many benefits to farmers who have been able to install them on their fields, but their high costs is one barrier that currently limits its adoption among the majority of EA farmers. In this work, a concept for a novel irrigation controller is introduced and assessed for its viability in the EA market. The proposed controller determines complex irrigation schedules based on local weather predictions and specifics of a given farm. It does this while optimizing for the lifetime performance of the irrigation system, something that existing controllers do not do and something that could lower the lifetime costs of solar-powered drip irrigation systems. The proposed controller communicates this complex schedule to farmers in a way that allows them to continue to use low-cost, manually-operated valves on their fields. This concept is evaluated through storyboard-based interviews with EA farmers and key market stakeholders. The results provide initial positive feedback from these lead users, suggesting that this controller could be a viable product in EA. If adopted at scale, this technology could help lower the barrier to adopting water- and energy-efficient irrigation, ultimately having a positive, sustainable impact on food security in EA.
Structural characterization of the lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit (2018)

4 paginas.-- 1 figura.-- 1 tabla.-- 5 referencias.-- Poster presentacion en el 15th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp June 26-29, 2018 Aveiro, Portugal
MO‐E‐ValB‐03: MRI‐Guided Focused Ultrasound (2006)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides such features as excellent soft tissue contrast, temperature sensitivity and ability to detect thermally coagulated tissue, that make it well suited for the guidance, control, and monitoring of thermal therapies. In this talk the current progress in MRI guided focused ultrasound thermal ablations and other non thermal interventions will be reviewed. The treatment of uterine fibroids has been approved by the FDA and is on its way to become routine. There are several other clinical trials in testing MRI guided focused ultrasound for the treatment of breast and other tumors. In addition, there is evidence that low thermal exposures controlled by MRI can be used to locally activate treatments. Finally, animal experiments show that ultrasound exposures can induce transient blood‐brain barrier disruption thus allowing targeted delivery of molecules such as chemotherapeutic agents in the brain.
Long‐term Maintenance of HLA‐D Restricted T Cells Specific for Soluble Antigens (1980)

Lymphocytes from donors sensitized to soluble protein antigens tuberculin (PPD) and tetanus toxoid were stimulated in vitro with these antigens. The blasts were isolated on density gradients and maintained in long-term proliferating culture by the addition of supernatants from phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated (PHA) cultures. Blasts can be shown to retain specificity for the original stimulating antigen as measured by stimulation of DNA synthesis, but only when the antigen is presented in the company of a cooperating cell population. Autologous irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes provide the best cooperation, but donors who share HLA-D antigens will also allow for continued proliferation in the presence of the appropriate soluble antigen. Donors sharing at HLA-A, -B, or -C show minimal ability to cooperate. The soluble antigen-specific blast cells do not manifest alloreactivity. The data are discussed with regard to possible application to clinical histocompatibility typing and to the implications of selfrecognition in the immune response.
Evaluation of 90nm 6T-SRAM as Physical Unclonable Function for secure key generation in wireless sensor nodes (2011)

Due to the unattended nature of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) deployment, each sensor can be subject to physical capture, cloning and unauthorized device alteration. In this paper, we use the embedded SRAM, often available on a wireless sensor node, for secure data (cryptographic keys, IDs) generation which is more resistant to physical attacks. We evaluate the physical phenomenon that the initial state of a 6T-SRAM cell is highly dependent on the process variations, which enables us to use the standard SRAM circuit, as a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF). Important requirements to serve as a PUF are that the start-up values of an SRAM circuit are uniquely determined, unpredictable and similar each time the circuit is turned on. We present the evaluation results of the internal SRAM memories of low power ICs as PUFs and the statistical analysis of the results. The experimental results prove that the low power 90nm commercial 6T-SRAMs are very useful as a PUF. As far as we know, this is the first work that provides an extensive evaluation of 6T-SRAM-based PUF, at different environmental, electrical, and ageing conditions to representing the typical operating conditions of a WSN.
Reset-Check-Reverse-Flag Scheme on NRAM With 50% Bit Error Rate or 35% Parity Overhead and 16% Decoding Latency Reductions for Read-Intensive Storage Class Memory (2016)

A novel error correction scheme, called reset-checkreverse-flag (RCRF), is proposed to improve the reliability of storage class memories (SCMs). RCRF divides the conventional Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code length into multiple subsections. One flag bit is added to each subsection to correct program errors. By reversing the flag bit and user data, at least one reset error in each subsection can be recovered. A 4 Mbit carbon nanotube (CNT) based nano-random access memory (NRAM) cell array is measured to verify this scheme. During 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> write cycles, it is demonstrated that RCRF reduces the program bit error rate (BER) by 50% and only requires 0.4% extra array area for the flag bits. Next, BCH ECC is applied after RCRF to correct the remaining errors. Compared with the conventional BCH ECC-only approach, the proposed combination of RCRF and BCH ECC reduces parity overhead by 35% and ECC decoding latency by 16%. Therefore, RCRF is especially suited for read-intensive types of data storage, such as video and audio. On the other hand, for high endurance applications, RCRF and BCH ECC is also effective to improve the cycling reliability of resistive memories, and 50 times endurance extension is demonstrated for a 50 nm Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> resistive RAM (ReRAM) test chip.
Green Chemistry: Science and Politics of Change (2002)

The chemical industry plays a key role in sustaining the world economy and underpinning future technologies, yet is under unprecedented pressure from the effects of globalization and change in many of its traditional markets. Against this background, what will be needed for the industry to embrace efforts to make it "greener"? We explore some of the issues raised by the development of "green chemistry" techniques and identify potential barriers to their implementation by industry.