gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Techniques for Building a Large Scale Production Ready Classifier (2015)

This paper brings out the various techniques we have followed to build a production ready scalable classifier system to classify the tickets raised by employees of an organization. The end users raise the tickets in Natural language which is then automatically classified by the classifier. This is a practical applied research paper in the area of machine learning. We have applied different machine learning techniques like active learning for improving the accuracy of the prediction and have used clustering for handling the data issues found in the training data. The approach we used for the core classifier combined the results of multiple machine learning algorithms using suitable scoring techniques. Use of this system has given more than 50% improvement in the tickets re-assignment index and more than 80% accuracy has been achieved in correctly identifying the classes for the tickets. The system is able to perform at scale, has response times well within the expectations and handles the peak load. Key takeaways from this paper include:  How to build live production ready classifier system  How to overcome the data related challenges while building such a system  Solution architecture for the classifier system  Deployment architecture for the classifier system
Breast meat quality and consumer sensory properties of broiler carcasses chilled by water, air, or evaporative air (2011)

Three poultry chilling methods, namely, water chilling (WC), air chilling (AC), and evaporative air chilling (EAC), were compared to evaluate their effects on broiler breast meat quality and consumer sensory characteristics. A total of 189 birds were processed with 1 of the 3 chilling methods. One-third of the birds were hard scalded (57.7°C, 120 s) and subjected to WC (an ice slurry immersion at 0°C). The remaining birds were soft scalded (50°C, 220 s) and randomly assigned to either AC (blowing air, 1.0 m/s) or EAC (blowing air plus each carcass sprayed with 0.5 L of 0.4°C water) in a chilling room (0.9 ± 0.4°C). Water chilling reduced the carcass temperature most efficiently (57 min), whereas AC and EAC were the least (125 min) and intermediate (93 min) in efficiency, respectively. No significant difference was found among the chilling methods in moisture content, cooking yield, and shear force of deskinned breast fillets stored overnight. However, the pH (5.6) of 24-h stored fillets was higher in WC fillets than in AC (5.5) and EAC (5.5) fillets. For the surface color of skinless breasts, WC carcasses showed a higher Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) L* value than AC or EAC carcasses, whereas AC carcasses exhibited more redness (higher CIE a*) and yellowness (higher CIE b*) than the other 2 chilling methods. When raw breast meat was made into cooked gels, no significant difference was observed in cooking loss, moisture content, shear stress, and shear strain, regardless of the chilling method. In consumer sensory evaluations, AC breasts had a higher juiciness score than did WC and EAC breasts, but no significant difference was found for flavor, texture, and overall acceptability.
&lt;title&gt;Investigation of proximity effect correction in electron projection lithography (EPL)&lt;/title&gt; (2000)

An electron projection lithography (EPL) system which projects reticle patterns onto a wafer will be applied to sub 100 nm lithography. Requirements for line width accuracy are very strict as feature sizes are less than 100 nm. For electron beam lithography, proximity effect corrections have always been an important issue for accurate feature width control. In this paper characteristics of several correction methods are examined, and appropriate correction methods for 100 kV EPL are introduced. Employing the shape correction method burdens the reticle pattern preparation system much more than other methods. Therefore a calculation method suitable for 100 kV EPL where the backscatter radius is very wide ((beta) <SUB>b</SUB> approximately equals 30 micrometer) and the forward scatter radius is narrow ((beta) <SUB>f</SUB> approximately equals 7 nm) has been developed. The calculation of deposition energy by the backscattered electron beam is carried out with a coarse grid but wide range. The calculation of the combined effect of the electron scattering blurs from the features is carried out only within a narrow range. The correction calculation is carried out using both of these results. Using this method, accurate and fast calculations can be achieved. Employing the GHOST correction method increases total exposure cost. The practical GHOST correction methods may also be improved. An additional correction method named shape correction with GHOST is also shown.
[Progress on the evaluation method of paraspinal muscle and its correlation with lumbar diseases]. (2020)

There are many methods to evaluate paraspinal muscles, but there is no unified standard. The role of paraspinal muscle in lumbar spine diseases need to be further studied.
Susac's syndrome: Intratympanic therapy for hearing loss and a review of the literature (2008)

Two cases of Susac's Syndrome are presented with a discussion of treatment modalities for the associated severe sensorineural deafness. Patients were managed with high dose oral steroids, anticoagulants and immunosuppressive drugs. The addition of intratympanic methylprednisolone injections were added to one patient's regimen with initial improvement but subsequent relapse and progression to profound deafness. The management of Susac's syndrome is difficult and still in need of innovative methods as the standard treatment continues to be ineffective in the long term.
Effect of Packaging under Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen or Air on the Microbial Flora of Pork Stored at 4°C (1979)

Changes in the microbial flora of pork packed in laminated plastic bags and stored at 4 °C were studied in an initial atmosphere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen or air. The time needed for the total aerobic count at 28 °C to reach 5 × 10 6 organisms/cm 2 was about 7 times longer in carbon dioxide than in air, whilst in nitrogen it was about twice as long. The predominant organisms on fresh pork taken directly from the processing line were: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus , non‐fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and Flavobacterium spp. After storage in air for 7 d, more than 90% of the flora consisted of non‐fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. After storage in nitrogen for 10 d, 70% of the flora consisted of non‐fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. with lower levels of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., Kurthia zopfii, Aeromonas hydrophila and Lactobacillus plantarum. The non‐fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. could be divided into three different groups, on proteolytic and lipolytic ability; the distribution of the groups was markedly different between pork loins stored in air and nitrogen. On pork stored in carbon dioxide for 21 d the flora consisted of L. plantarum together with lower levels of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. When the storage time in carbon doxide was prolonged to 35 d, the proportion of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria increased to about 50% of the flora.
National practice of radiation therapy and chemoradiation therapy for esophageal cancer in Japan; Results of Patterns of Care Study (1999–2001) (2005)

4193 Background: Patterns of Care Study (PCS) was conducted to reveal the current status of radiation therapy (RT) and chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for esophageal cancer in Japan. Methods: PCS data format for esophageal cancer was imported to Japan from the United States courtesy of the American College of Radiology. A national survey of 76 facilities including both academic and nonacademic institutions was conducted using the original two-stage cluster random sampling. Eligible criteria were as follows; start radiation therapy (RT) between 1999 and 2001, no evidence of distant organic metastasis (M1b), squamous cell, adenosquamous cell, or adenocarcinoma histology, Karnofsky performance status 60–100, tumors in the thoracic esophagus, and no prior malignancies within the last 5 years. Detailed information was accumulated on 621 patients. Patients were classified according to 1997 UICC criteria. Results: Median age of patients was 68 years. 87% were male and 13% were female. 99% had squamous cell histology. 54% had main lesion in middle thoracic esophagus and 3% had in beneath diaphragm. 13% had stage I disease, 32% had stage IIA or IIB, 43% had stage III and 10% had stage IV disease. All patients received RT. 63% received chemotherapy and 32% received esophagectomy. Patients aged 75 years or more were more frequently treated by RT alone (55%) than by CRT (36%). Preoperative CRT was used for 17% and definitive CRT was used for 39%. Median total dose of RT was 60Gy for all patients, 40Gy for preoperative CRT group and 60Gy in definitive CRT group. 49% of the CRT group received more than 60Gy of external RT. Among CRT group, 88% received chemotherapy concurrently. Cisplatin was used for 85% of CRT group and 5FU was for 98%. Administration schedule of concurrent chemotherapy was daily for 67% of the CRT patients, weekly for 9% and tri-weekly or monthly for 12%. 2% of the patients were treated on approved investigational protocols. Conclusions: CRT has become common for esophageal cancer but used not frequently for elderly patients. High total RT dose was used for CRT patients. Cisplatin and 5FU are the main agents for concurrent CRT. Daily administration schedule was widely used in Japan. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Management of adverse events associated with bosutinib treatment of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: expert panel review (2018)

Bosutinib, a BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been available for several years as a treatment for chronic-, accelerated-, and blast-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), for patients with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy. In 2017, the BFORE trial demonstrated efficacy of bosutinib as first-line treatment in adult patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML). The most common adverse events (AEs) of any grade in bosutinib-treated patients in BFORE were diarrhea, nausea, thrombocytopenia, increased alanine aminotransferase, and increased aspartate aminotransferase, consistent with the most commonly reported AEs in earlier studies. To balance the efficacy and tolerability of treatment to optimize patient adherence with medications, treating physicians commonly use various strategies such as initiating treatment at a lower dose, dose reduction, or dose interruption, depending on the type and severity of the AEs and the clinical setting. In light of the recent data from first-line treatment, an expert panel of hematologists reviewed management strategies for the use of bosutinib in treatment of CP-CML and made the recommendations reported here. Although the panel focused on first-line treatment, the principles can be for the most part extended to bosutinib use in later lines of treatment. Recommendations include advice regarding prophylaxis and management for diarrhea. The panel also considered optimum timing for referral to a specialist for specific AEs. Across the commonly occurring AEs, the panel highlighted the importance of education and communication with patients about anticipated AEs.
All-cellulose-derived humidity sensor prepared <i>via</i> direct laser writing of conductive and moisture-stable electrodes on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose paper (2022)

Abundant and renewable all-cellulose-derived humidity sensors are fabricated via direct laser writing of patterned electrodes onto TEMPO-oxidized cellulose fiber paper, offering versatile applicability for the “trillion sensor” era.
Extended Oil Drain Intervals - Conservation of Resources or Reduction of Engine Life (Part II) (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In a previous paper (SAE &lt;a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/951035" target="_blank"&gt;951035&lt;/a&gt;) Daimler-Benz and Shell advocated that fixed oil drain intervals should not exceed 15,000 km or annually. This paper describes further experience, with data from various field trials and engines, allowing engine condition to be considered in relation to lubricant ageing and condition. Based on this Mercedes-Benz have introduced ASSYST, a new passenger car maintenance system which processes customer-specific operating data and calculates oil change intervals. Unnecessary oil changes are avoided, conserving resources, and changes are not overlooked assuring durability. Intervals between 15,000 and 30,000 km are enabled, corresponding to between 1 and 2 years, representing a time extension of about 50%. Premium quality oil permits a longer interval, thus the customer sees an immediate benefit. This study shows that lubricant continues as an important engine design element and illustrates the environmental commitment shared by both companies.&lt;/div&gt;
A Comparative Analysis of Spectral Reflectance Reconstruction in Various Spaces Using a Trichromatic Camera System (1999)

An analysis is presented of how the space in which principal component analysis is performed can affect the colorimetric and spectral accuracy of spectral reconstruction. The spectral reconstruction is performed using digital counts given by a new concept of spectral image acquisition constituted by a trichromatic camera combined with absorption filters, instead of the traditional monochrome camera and a set of interference filters. The comparison of the spectral reconstruction performance in each space shows the advantages and disadvantages of using alternative spaces rather than reflectance.
Direct observation of the influence of Doppler-induced resonances on atomic velocities (1990)

We report the first direct observation of the effect of Doppleron resonances on the velocity distribution of atoms in an intense optical standing wave. These observations are in reasonable agreement with the simulations based on a continued-fraction solution for the force.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(vinylphosphonic acid-<i>co</i>-acrylic acid) Copolymers for Application in Bone Tissue Scaffolds (2016)

Poly(vinylphosphonic acid-co-acrylic acid) (PVPA-co-AA) has recently been identified as a possible candidate for use in bone tissue engineering. It is hypothesized that the strong binding of PVPA-co-AA to calcium in natural bone inhibits osteoclast activity. The free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) with vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) has been investigated with varying experimental conditions. A range of copolymers were successfully produced and their compositions were determined quantitatively using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Monomer conversions were calculated using 1H NMR spectroscopy and a general decrease was found with increasing VPA content. Titration studies demonstrated an increase in the degree of dissociation as a function of VPA in the copolymer. However, a VPA content ca. 30 mol % was found to be the optimum for calcium chelation, suggesting that this composition is the most promising for biomaterials applications. Assessment of cell metabolic activity showed that PVPA-co-AA has no detrimental effect on cells, regardless of copolymer composition.
Online High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Buchwald–Hartwig Aminations from within an Inert Environment (2020)

Obtaining data-dense reaction profiles for reactions performed under an inert atmosphere remains a significant challenge obfuscating mechanistic analysis. To this end, we have developed a reaction monitoring platform capable of automated sampling and online HPLC analysis to generate temporal profiles for reactions performed from within a glovebox. The device allows for facile reaction progress analysis to aid in mechanistic studies of air-sensitive chemical transformations. The platform has demonstrated high reproducibility regarding sample mixing, dilution, delivery, and analysis. We employed the sampling platform to acquire temporal profiles for a series of Buchwald–Hartwig aminations. Parallel coupling reactions using iodobenzene and bromobenzene both exhibit complex kinetics. A competition reaction including both aryl halides demonstrated high selectivity for iodobenzene indicative of catalyst monopoly. The temporal profile for the difunctionalized substrate 1,4-iodobromobenzene was unexpected based on our parallel and competition studies and is indicative of a distinct underlying mechanism. We attribute this unanticipated reactivity to intramolecular catalyst transfer through the π system as seen in “living” polymerization transfer catalyst systems. The use of this automated sampling platform has greatly increased mechanistic understanding despite performing only a small number of experiments.
Design of composite lattice materials combined with fabrication approaches (2018)

Lattice materials can be designed through their microstructure while concurrently considering fabrication feasibility. Here, we propose two types of composite lattice materials with enhanced resistance to buckling: (a) hollow lattice materials fabricated by a newly developed bottom-up assembly technique and the previously developed thermal expansion molding technique and (b) hierarchical lattice materials with foam core sandwich trusses fabricated by interlocking assembly process. The mechanical performance of sandwich structures featuring the two types of lattice cores was tested and analyzed theoretically. For hollow lattice core material, samples from two different fabrication processes were compared and both failed by nodal rupture or debonding. In contrast, hierarchical lattice structures failed by shear buckling without interfacial failure in the sandwich struts. Calculations using established analytical models indicated that the shear strength of hollow lattice cores could be optimized by judicious selection of the thickness of patterned plates. Likewise, the shear strength of hierarchical foam core truss cores could be maximized (with minimal weight) through design of truss geometry. The bottom-up assembly technique could provide a feasible way for mass production of lattice cores, but the design about how to assembly is critical. Hierarchical lattice cores with foam sandwich trusses should be a suitable choice for future lightweight material application.
Mapping Long-Range Interactions in α-Synuclein using Spin-Label NMR and Ensemble Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2004)

The intrinsically disordered protein alpha-synuclein plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We show here that the native state of alpha-synuclein consists of a broad distribution of conformers with an ensemble-averaged hydrodynamic radius significantly smaller than that expected for a random coil structure. This partial condensation is driven by interactions between the highly charged C-terminus and a large hydrophobic central region of the protein sequence. We suggest that this structure could inhibit the formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates, which are thought to be the cytotoxic species responsible for neurodegeneration in PD.
Effects of activation method and temperature to III-nitride micro-light-emitting diodes with tunnel junction contacts grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2021)

The optical and electrical characteristics of InGaN blue and green micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) with GaN tunnel junction (TJ) contacts grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were compared at different activation temperatures among three activation methods from the literature, namely, sidewall activation, selective area growth (SAG), and chemical treatment before sidewall activation. The devices with chemical treatment before activation resulted in uniform electroluminescence and higher light output power, compared to the devices with sidewall activation and SAG. Moreover, the green μLEDs showed greater optical degradation at elevated activation temperatures, whereas the blue μLEDs yielded trivial difference with activation temperatures from 670 to 790 °C. The 5 × 5 μm2 devices with chemical treatment before activation and SAG yielded almost identical voltage at 20 A/cm2, and the voltage penalty significantly decreased with activation temperature in the case of devices with sidewall activation. The devices with chemical treatment before activation resulted in higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) and wall-plug efficiency (WPE) in low current density range compared to the devices with SAG. The enhancements in EQE and WPE were observed in different μLED sizes, suggesting that chemical treatment before sidewall activation enables the use of TJ contacts grown by MOCVD and is advantageous for applications that require high brightness and efficiency.
MAGE-A1 interacts with adaptor SKIP and the deacetylase HDAC1 to repress transcription (2004)

MAGE-A1 belongs to a family of 12 genes that are active in various types of tumors and silent in normal tissues except in male germ-line cells. The MAGE-encoded antigens recognized by T cells are highly tumor-specific targets for T cell-oriented cancer immunotherapy. The function of MAGE-A1 is currently unknown. To analyze it, we attempted to identify protein partners of MAGE-A1. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we detected an interaction between MAGE-A1 and Ski Interacting Protein (SKIP). SKIP is a transcriptional regulator that connects DNA-binding proteins to proteins that either activate or repress transcription. We show that MAGE-A1 inhibits the activity of a SKIP-interacting transactivator, namely the intracellular part of Notch1. Deletion analysis indicated that this inhibition requires the binding of MAGE-A1 to SKIP. Moreover, MAGE-A1 was found to actively repress transcription by binding and recruiting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Our results indicate that by binding to SKIP and by recruiting HDACs, MAGE-A1 can act as a potent transcriptional repressor. MAGE-A1 could therefore participate in the setting of specific gene expression patterns for tumor cell growth or spermatogenesis.
Variations in Iris Volume with Physiologic Mydriasis in Subtypes of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (2013)

With physiologic mydriasis, the iris volume decreased in eyes with chronic angle closure but remained unchanged in fellow eyes of APAC. Such variations in iris volume responses may influence the subtype of angle closure that develops.
Designing stable extrapolators for explicit depth extrapolation of 2D and 3D wavefields using projections onto convex sets (2009)

Abstract We have developed a robust algorithm for designing explicit depth extrapolation operators using the projections-onto-convex-sets (POCS) method. The operators are optimal in the sense that they satisfy all required extrapolation design characteristics. In addition, we propose a simple modification of the POCS algorithm (modified POCS, or MPOCS) that further enhances the stability of extrapolated wavefields and reduces the number of iterations required to design such operators to approximately 2% of that required for the basic POCS design algorithm. Various synthetic tests show that 25-coefficient 1D extrapolation operators, which have 13 unique coefficients, can accommodate dip angles up to 70°. We migrated the SEG/EAGE salt model data with the operators and compare our results with images obtained via extrapolators based on modified Taylor series and with wavefield extrapolation techniques such as phase shift plus interpolation (PSPI) and split-step Fourier. The MPOCS algorithm provides practically stable depth extrapolators. The resulting migrated section is comparable in quality to an expensive PSPI result and visibly outperforms the other two techniques. Strong dips and subsalt structures are imaged clearly. Finally, we extended the 1D extrapolator design algorithm, using MPOCS for 2D extrapolation, to the 2D case to perform 3D extrapolation; the result is a perfect circularly symmetric migration impulse response.