gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial EBG Structure with DeCap for Ultra-wideband Suppression of Simultaneous Switching Noise in a High-Speed System (2010)

To supply a power distribution network with stable power in a high-speed mixed mode system, simultaneous switching noise caused at the multilayer PCB and package structures needs to be sufficiently suppressed. The uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (UC-EBG) structure is well known as a promising solution to suppress the power noise and isolate noise-sensitive analog/RF circuits from a noisy digital circuit. However, a typical UC-EBG structure has several severe problems, such as a limitation in the stop band's lower cutoff frequency and signal quality degradation. To make up for the defects of a conventional EBG structure, a partially located EBG structure with decoupling capacitors is proposed in this paper as a means of both suppressing the power noise propagation and minimizing the effects of the perforated reference plane on the signal quality. The proposed structure is validated and investigated through simulation and measurement in both frequency and time domains.
Reactive ID assignment for sensor networks (2005)

Globally unique ID allocation is usually not applicable in a sensor network due to the massive production of cheap sensor nodes, the limited bandwidth, and the size of the payload. However, locally unique IDs are still necessary for nodes to implement unicast communications to save power consumption. Several solutions have been proposed for locally unique ID assignment in sensor networks. However, they bring much communication overhead, which is not desirable due to the limited power supply in a sensor node. Combined with a directed diffusion communication paradigm, a reactive ID assignment scheme with security mechanisms is proposed in this paper. It defers ID conflict resolution until data communications are initiated and thus saves communication overhead.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Some Trioxygenated Cyclohexenes: An Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Methyl Triacetyl‐4‐epishikimate. (1987)

Abstract The title compound (XI) is prepared in 23.4% overall yield and ≥ 98% enantiomeric purity from the known polyfunctional bicyclic lactone (I).
Multiple 5-HT Receptors in the Enteric Nervous System (1989)

At the time when peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors were first classified, by Gaddum and Picarelli (1957), the complex nature of the enteric nervous system (ENS) was not appreciated, although many of the essential and distinguishing characteristics of that division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) had already been published. The pioneering experiments of Bayliss and Starling (1899), in vivo, and Trendelenburg (1917), in vitro, established that all of the components of the peristaltic reflex arc, including pressure receptors, primary sensory neurones, interneurones and excitatory and inhibitory motor neurones, are present in the gut as intrinsic elements of the ENS. Because of this enteric autonomy, and because of the matching anatomical discrepancy between a very large number of neurones in the enteric ganglia and a very small number of pre-ganglionic fibres in the diaphragmatic vagus nerves, Langley (1921) classified the ENS as the third division of the ANS. Nevertheless, despite all the evidence showing that most enteric neurones receive no direct input from the CNS, many texts in 1957 continued to treat enteric ganglia simply as parasympathetic relays.
(Invited) Technologies and Challenges of Fine Pitch Backside Via-Last TSV Process Integration for 3DIC Applications (2013)

TSV based 3D stacking IC technology has been aggressively studied recently because of strong benefits in terms of significantly form factor shrinkage, superior system performance (bandwidth &amp; speed), great power reduction, and heterogeneous integration capability. According to different applications, there are different integration options for TSV processing. For high performance 3D system applications which required fine TSV pitch and massive IO connections, how to establish a proper TSV integration scheme became a key importance of enabling 3D IC commercialization. In additional to common foundry used via-middle (VM) process, two another via last approaches, either forming TSV form front-side or backside were also been considered as major TSV process schemes. Although front-side via last (FVL) TSV is widely adopted by OSATs, this scheme is inherently not suitable for fine pitch and high density TSV applications because of significant area penalty and wire routing constraint comparing to VM TSV process. Another backside via last (BVL) TSV process, however, showed many advantages over common VM TSV process while achieving same TSV scalability/density and routing flexibility. For examples: (1) Cu TSVs of BVL were formed after completely CMOS FEOL+BEOL processes, thus it is naturally much less or no Cu pumping out induced yield loss issues comparing to VM process; (2) BVL TSV etching can be stopped on front-side metal 1 layer instead of time etching in blind TSV of VM scheme; (3) No complicated and yield sensitive backside Cu reveal issue were involved; (4) TSV &amp; RDL can be formed together via dual-damascene like processing to simplify process flow and reduce cost of ownership; (5) BVL process can be adopted by either foundry or OSAT manufacturers resulting in most flexible business model in 3DIC supply chain. Despite of the vantage of backside via-last scheme, many process challenges still need to be solved. In this paper, key issues of via middle integration were briefly reviewed. A capable of high aspect ratio and fine pitch TSV (CD … 5um) manufacture scheme was proposed via backside via last integration scheme. Key process technologies and challenges of this BVL scheme, such as temporary bonding, glue material selection, wafer thinning, backside TSV formation, CMP planarization as well as cost reduced TSV/RDL dual damascene flow are investigated.
A simplified function-first method for the discovery and optimization of bispecific immune engaging antibodies (2023)

Bi-specific T-cell engager antibodies (BiTEs) are synthetic fusion molecules that combine multiple antibody-binding domains to induce active contact between T-cells and antigen expressing cells in the body. Blinatumomab, a CD19-CD3 BiTE is now a widely used therapy for relapsed B-cell malignancies, and similar BiTE therapeutics have shown promise for treating various other forms of cancer. The current process for new BiTE development is time consuming and costly, requiring characterization of the individual antigen binding domains, followed by bi-specific design, protein production, purification, and eventually functional screening. Here, we sought to establish a more cost-efficient approach for generating novel BiTE sequences and assessing bioactivity through a function first approach without purification. We generate a plasmid with a bi-modular structure to allow high-throughput exchange of either binding arm, enabling rapid screening of novel tumour-targeting single chain variable (scFv) domains in combination with the well-characterized OKT3 scFv CD3-targeting domain. We also demonstrate two systems for high throughput functional screening of BiTE proteins based on Jurkat T cells (referred to as BiTE-J). Using BiTE-J we evaluate four EGFRvIII-scFv sequenced in BiTE format, identifying two constructs with superior activity for redirecting T-cells against the EGFRvIII-tumour specific antigen. We also confirm activity in primary T cells, where novel EGFRvIII-BiTEs induced T cell activation and antigen selective tumor killing. We finally demonstrate similar exchange the CD3-interacting element of our bi-modular plasmid. By testing several novel CD3-targeting scFv elements for activity in EGFRvIII-targeted BiTEs, we were able to identify highly active BiTE molecules with desirable functional activity for downstream development. In summary, BiTE-J presents a low cost, high-throughput method for the rapid assessment of novel BiTE molecules without the need for purification and quantification.
Diffusionlike Aspects of Multiphoton Absorption in Electrically Polarized Highly Excited Hydrogen Atoms (1985)

We have observed microwave transitions of overall order up to 16 in hydrogen atoms initially in $n=60$ lowest-energy Stark states. Increases in $n$ as large as 4 occur with little change in the electric quantum number ${n}_{e}$. Thus hydrogen atoms electrically polarized along the direction of a strong linearly polarized microwave electric field respond one-dimensionally to this field by maintaining their polarization. At some microwave frequencies the final-state $n$ distribution is smooth above threshold field values estimated for stochastic transitions.
Experimental Determination of Excitonic Dispersion Relation from Center-of-Mass Quantization Effect on Excitons in PbI<sub>2</sub> Thin Films (2009)

We have investigated the center-of-mass quantization effect on excitons in layered-compound PbI 2 ultra-thin films by precisely changing the layer thickness from 7 to 20 monolayers. Crystalline PbI 2 thin films that are fully oriented along the c -axis were prepared by a vacuum deposition method. We confirmed that the surface roughness of the prepared thin films corresponds to one monolayer owing to the van der Waals interaction along the c -axis peculiar to the layered compound, which is advantageous for the realization of the center-of-mass quantization effect. The optical spectra, such as absorption, transmittance, and reflectance clearly exhibit oscillatory structures originating from the quantized excitonic states with a quantum number of up to 15: the quantization energy amounts to ∼130 meV. From the analysis of the systematic results of the center-of-mass quantization, we experimentally determined the excitonic dispersion relation of PbI 2 , which is well explained by a tight-binding exciton model instead of a usually used effective-mass model.
CSF biological antioxidant potentials may differentiate neurodegenerative diseases—A preliminary report (2017)

Abstract Oxidative stress has a significant impact on neurodegenerative diseases. Biological antioxidant potential ( BAP ) is a rapid measure of total antioxidant properties in the serum. However, few studies measured BAP in cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ). We measured CSF BAP in patients with neurodegenerative disease. We had 17 patients with Alzheimer's disease ( AD ), nine with dementia with Lewy bodies ( DLB ), 10 with Parkinson's disease ( PD ), 11 with multiple system atrophy ( MSA ) patients, with the same background, and 19 healthy subjects as normal controls. We measured CSF BAP using a Free Radical Elective Evaluator. As a result, CSF BAP level in patients with neurodegenerative disease was higher than that in controls. In particular, CSF BAP level in patients with AD was higher than that in patients with DLB ( P &lt; 0.05). We also found a close relationship between CSF Tau pT 181/beta‐amyloid ratio and BAP in patients with AD ( P &lt; 0.01), although this relationship was not found in patients with DLB . In conclusion, CSF BAP may help differentiating AD and DLB .
Supplementary Figures S1-S3 from MAGE-A Inhibits Apoptosis in Proliferating Myeloma Cells through Repression of Bax and Maintenance of Survivin (2023)

Supplementary Figures S1-S3 from MAGE-A Inhibits Apoptosis in Proliferating Myeloma Cells through Repression of Bax and Maintenance of Survivin
Dynamic sensing behavior of ferromagnetic shape memory Ni–Mn–Ga (2009)

This paper is focused on the characterization and modeling of a commercial Ni–Mn–Ga alloy for use as a dynamic deformation sensor. The flux density is experimentally determined as a function of cyclic strain loading at frequencies from 0.2 to 160 Hz. With increasing frequency, the stress versus strain response remains almost unchanged whereas the flux density versus strain response shows increasing hysteresis. This behavior indicates that twin-variant reorientation occurs in concert with the mechanical loading, whereas the rotation of magnetization vectors occurs with a delay as the loading frequency increases. The increasing hysteresis in magnetization must be considered when utilizing the material in dynamic sensing applications. A modeling strategy is developed which incorporates magnetic diffusion and a linear constitutive equation. The model is used to describe the hysteretic dependence of magnetic flux density on strain at dynamic frequencies.
Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Nickel Hydride Complex under Mild Conditions (2012)

Abstract Half‐sandwich N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐nickel complexes of the general formula [Ni(NHC)ClCp † ] (Cp † =Cp, Cp*) efficiently catalyze the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium triethylborohydride and thus join the fairly exclusive club of well‐defined nickel(II) catalyst precursors for the hydrosilylation of carbonyl functionalities. Of notable interest is the isolation of an intermediate nickel hydride complex that proved to be the real catalyst precursor.
Comparative Molecular Field Analysis of Dopamine D4 Receptor Antagonists Including 3-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyridine (FAUC 113), 3-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-1<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridine (L-745,870), and Clozapine (2001)

A CoMFA study was undertaken to elucidate the correlation of biological activity and structural parameters of 25 dopamine D4 antagonists. A special point of interest is that we have included the atypical D4 antagonist clozapine as a structural template for all other compounds. After comparing potential protonation sites at semiempirical (AM1) and ab initio (6-31G(d)) levels of theory, possible conformations of the lead compound 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (FAUC 113) were investigated by systematic semiempirical conformational analysis. The final conformation of FAUC 113, which was used as a template for the other compounds in the dataset, was chosen by clustering and rigid body alignment of all conformations to clozapine. The CoMFA applied on the final alignment resulted in a q2cv of 0.739. To elucidate the influence of the absolute orientation of the molecules within the grid space, the entire dataset was systematically rotated (1296 steps) within the lattice. The Gaussian-shaped distribution of the q2cv values spanned the range of 0.699-0.794 and therefore supports the significance of the analysis.
Automatic Object Extraction Over Multiscale Edge Field for Multimedia Retrieval (2006)

In this work, we focus on automatic extraction of object boundaries from Canny edge field for the purpose of content-based indexing and retrieval over image and video databases. A multiscale approach is adopted where each successive scale provides further simplification of the image by removing more details, such as texture and noise, while keeping major edges. At each stage of the simplification, edges are extracted from the image and gathered in a scale-map, over which a perceptual subsegment analysis is performed in order to extract true object boundaries. The analysis is mainly motivated by Gestalt laws and our experimental results suggest a promising performance for main objects extraction, even for images with crowded textural edges and objects with color, texture, and illumination variations. Finally, integrating the whole process as feature extraction module into MUVIS framework allows us to test the mutual performance of the proposed object extraction method and subsequent shape description in the context of multimedia indexing and retrieval. A promising retrieval performance is achieved, and especially in some particular examples, the experimental results show that the proposed method presents such a retrieval performance that cannot be achieved by using other features such as color or texture.
SMELL-S and SMELL-R: olfactory tests not influenced by odor-specific insensitivity or prior olfactory experience (2017)

Abstract Smell dysfunction is a common and underdiagnosed medical condition that can have serious consequences. It is also an early biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease that precedes detectable memory loss. Clinical tests that evaluate the sense of smell face two major challenges. First, human sensitivity to individual odorants varies significantly, leading to potential misdiagnosis of people with an otherwise normal sense of smell but insensitivity to the test odorant. Second, prior familiarity with odor stimuli can bias smell test performance. We have developed new non- semantic tests for olfactory sensitivity (SMELL-S) and olfactory resolution (SMELL-R) that overcome these challenges by using mixtures of odorants that have unfamiliar smells. The tests can be self-administered with minimal training and showed high test-retest reliability. Because SMELL-S uses odor mixtures rather than a single molecule, odor-specific insensitivity is averaged out. Indeed, SMELL-S accurately distinguished people with normal and dysfunctional smell. SMELL-R is a discrimination test in which the difference between two stimulus mixtures can be altered stepwise. This is an advance over current discrimination tests, which ask subjects to discriminate monomolecular odorants whose difference cannot be objectively calculated. SMELL-R showed significantly less bias in scores between North American and Taiwanese subjects than conventional semantically-based smell tests that need to be adapted and translated to different populations. We predict that SMELL-S and SMELL-R will be broadly effective in diagnosing smell dysfunction, including that associated with the earliest signs of memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease. Significance statement Currently available smell testing methods can misdiagnose subjects with lack of prior experience or insensitivity to the odorants used in the test. This introduces a source of bias into clinical tests aimed at detecting patients with olfactory dysfunction. We have developed smell tests that use mixtures of 30 molecules that average out the variability in sensitivity to individual molecules. Because these mixtures have unfamiliar odors, and the tests are non-semantic, their use eliminates differences in test performance due to the familiarity with the smells or the words used to describe them. The SMELL-S and SMELL-R tests facilitate smell testing of diverse populations, without the need to adapt the test stimuli.
Automatic Parallelization in a Binary Rewriter (2010)

Today, nearly all general-purpose computers are parallel, but nearly all software running on them is serial. However bridging this disconnect by manually rewriting source code in parallel is prohibitively expensive. Automatic parallelization technology is therefore an attractive alternative. We present a method to perform automatic parallelization in a binary rewriter. The input to the binary rewriter is the serial binary executable program and the output is a parallel binary executable. The advantages of parallelization in a binary rewriter versus a compiler include (i) compatibility with all compilers and languages, (ii) high economic feasibility from avoiding repeated compiler implementation, (iii) applicability to legacy binaries, and (iv) applicability to assembly-language programs. Adapting existing parallelizing compiler methods that work on source code to work on binary programs instead is a significant challenge. This is primarily because symbolic and array index information used in existing compiler parallelizers is not available in a binary. We show how to adapt existing parallelization methods to achieve equivalent parallelization from a binary without such information. Preliminary results using our x86 binary rewriter called Second Write on a suite of dense-matrix regular programs including the externally developed Polybench suite of benchmarks shows an average speedup of 5.1 from binary and 5.7 from source with 8 threads compared to the input serial binary on an x86 Xeon E5530 machine, and 14.7 from binary and 15.4 from source with 32 threads compared to the input serial binary on a SPARC T2. Such regular loops are an important component of scientific and multi-media workloads, and are even present to a limited extent in otherwise non-regular programs.
Parametric investigation of the fluid mechanic performance of an AC dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator (2020)

Abstract The aim of this work is to systematically quantify and rank the effects of nine different design parameters on the fluid mechanic abilities of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator supplied with an alternating current. The ranking and quantification not only consider the parameters themselves but also their interactions with each other. In order to perform this ranking, a Design of Experiment approach is used. This allows the most significant design parameters for the thrust generation, power consumption and thrust to power consumed ratio (force efficiency) of DBD actuator performance to be determined in a systematic way. The results show that the thrust generation is driven by the voltage, distance between the electrodes, AC frequency, and geometry of the exposed electrode, in that order. A high voltage and high frequency, with a thin dielectric, a narrow inter-electrode gap, and a thin and narrow air-electrode results in an increase in the thrust generation.The thrust to power ratio of a DBD is employed as a proxy for the fluid mechanic efficiency. The analysis of the force efficiency shows that the voltage, frequency, distance between the electrodes, and geometry of the air electrode have significant effects. The higher force efficiency is obtained for a high voltage, low frequency, short inter-electrode gap, thin dielectric of low permittivity with a narrow and thin exposed electrode. Finally, two actuators are investigated to determine the best scaling laws for the power consumption as a function of voltage and frequency. In these experiments, the power consumption was a function of voltage to the power of 2.5 and frequency to the power of 1.5. This systematic study of the parameters and their interactions allows general guidelines to be obtained for the best fluid mechanic performance of a DBD, viz. its thrust generation and force efficiency.
Energy Distribution of the Compact States of a Peptide Chain (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnergy Distribution of the Compact States of a Peptide ChainW. John Wilbur and Jun S. LiuCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 9, 2432–2438Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00087a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00087a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts