gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure, Integrity, and Function of the Hypoplastic Corpus Callosum in Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele (2014)

Although there are many studies of people with complete or partial hypogenesis of the corpus callosum (CC), little is understood about the hypoplastic CC in which all structures are present but thinned. Spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM) is a model organism for such studies because many have either a hypogenetic or hypoplastic CC. We used diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) to evaluate the hypoplastic CC in SBM and its relation to interhemispheric functions and intelligence quotient (IQ). Participants were individuals with SBM and an intact or hypoplastic CC (n=28), who were compared to a typically developing comparison group (n=32). Total and regional DTT volume and integrity measures (fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity) of the CC were related to measures of intelligence (IQ), bimanual motor functioning, and dichotic auditory performance. As predicted, DTT showed variations in volume and integrity that were maximized in the entire CC and the posterior CC. IQ correlated with entire CC volume, anterior and posterior regional CC volumes, and also with measures of integrity. Bimanual motor functioning correlated with the anterior and posterior volumes of the CC but not with any integrity measures. Axial diffusivity in the posterior CC was negatively correlated with right ear dichotic listening performance. The hypoplastic CC is not macrostructurally or microstructurally intact in SBM, even when it appears radiologically intact. Both volume and integrity of the posterior regions were related to reductions in IQ and to interhemispheric processing. These findings may transfer to other disorders characterized by a hypoplastic CC.
Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials (2021)

Bacterial cellulose (BC) spheres have been increasingly researched since the popularization of BC as a novel material. This protocol presents an affordable and simple method for BC sphere production. In addition to producing these spheres, an encapsulation method for solid particles has also been identified. To produce BC spheres, water, black tea, sugar, vinegar, and bacterial culture are combined in a baffled flask and the contents are agitated. After determining the proper culture conditions for BC sphere formation, their ability to encapsulate solid particles was tested using biochar, polymer beads, and mine waste. Spheres were characterized using ImageJ software and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Results indicate that spheres with 7.5 mm diameters can be made in 7 days. Adding various particles increases the average size range of the BC capsules. The spheres encapsulated 10 - 20% of their dry mass. This method shows low-cost sphere production and encapsulation that is possible with easily obtainable materials. BC spheres may be used in the future as a contaminant removal aid, controlled release fertilizer coating, or soil amendment.
Interfacial Lithium and Hydrogen Storage in Ru-Li<sub>2</sub>O Nanocomposites Prepared by Electrochemical Lithiation (2010)

Abstract not Available.
GADD34 is a modulator of autophagy during starvation (2020)

Cells respond to starvation by shutting down protein synthesis and by activating catabolic processes, including autophagy, to recycle nutrients. This two-pronged response is mediated by the integrated stress response (ISR) through phosphorylation of eIF2α, which represses protein translation, and by inhibition of mTORC1 signaling, which promotes autophagy also through a stress-responsive transcriptional program. Implementation of such a program, however, requires protein synthesis, thus conflicting with general repression of translation. How is this mismatch resolved? We found that the main regulator of the starvation-induced transcriptional program, TFEB, counteracts protein synthesis inhibition by directly activating expression of GADD34, a component of the protein phosphatase 1 complex that dephosphorylates eIF2α. We discovered that GADD34 plays an essential role in autophagy by tuning translation during starvation, thus enabling lysosomal biogenesis and a sustained autophagic flux. Hence, the TFEB-GADD34 axis integrates the mTORC1 and ISR pathways in response to starvation.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> ATXR2 deposits H3K36me3 at the promoters of <i>LBD</i> genes to facilitate cellular dedifferentiation (2017)

Cellular dedifferentiation, the transition of differentiated somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells, ensures developmental plasticity and contributes to wound healing in plants. Wounding induces cells to form a mass of unorganized pluripotent cells called callus at the wound site. Explanted cells can also form callus tissues in vitro. Reversible cellular differentiation-dedifferentiation processes in higher eukaryotes are controlled mainly by chromatin modifications. We demonstrate that ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED 2 (ATXR2), a histone lysine methyltransferase that promotes the accumulation of histone H3 proteins that are trimethylated on lysine 36 (H3K36me3) during callus formation, promotes early stages of cellular dedifferentiation through activation of <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN</i> (<i>LBD</i>) genes. The <i>LBD</i> genes of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> are activated during cellular dedifferentiation to enhance the formation of callus. Leaf explants from <i>Arabidopsis atxr2</i> mutants exhibited a reduced ability to form callus and a substantial reduction in <i>LBD</i> gene expression. ATXR2 bound to the promoters of <i>LBD</i> genes and was required for the deposition of H3K36me3 at these promoters. ATXR2 was recruited to <i>LBD</i> promoters by the transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7) and ARF19. Leaf explants from <i>arf7-1arf19-2</i> double mutants were defective in callus formation and showed reduced H3K36me3 accumulation at <i>LBD</i> promoters. Genetic analysis provided further support that ARF7 and ARF19 were required for the ability of ATXR2 to promote the expression of <i>LBD</i> genes. These observations indicate that the ATXR2-ARF-LBD axis is key for the epigenetic regulation of callus formation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.
Antagonistic interactions among T cell subsets of old mice revealed by limiting dilution analysis. (1995)

When CD4 spleen cells from old (but not young) mice are tested for Con A-induced proliferation in limiting dilution assays, the dose response curve shows a nonlinear relationship. We interpret these observations using a two-cell model, in which proliferation of one cell type (LPC1) can be blocked by a second cell type (LPC2), which can itself generate detectable proliferation only at high multiplicities. The two-cell model accounts for several observations: 1) the variation in curve shape as a function of incubation time; 2) the skewed distribution of wells scored as "negative" in cultures of old splenocytes; and 3) the initially antagonistic effects of old splenocytes titrated into cultures containing fixed numbers of young responders. To provide a further test of the two-cell model, ionomycin-resistant (CaR) and ionomycin-sensitive (CaS) cells were separated using a Percoll/ionomycin gradient. The CaR preparation, shown previously to consist largely of memory T cells, showed the dose curve predicted for the LPC2 cell type, whereas the CaS (naive) cells showed the single-hit kinetics postulated for LPC1 cells. Furthermore, mixtures of CaR and CaS cells from young mice reproduced the zigzag dose curve characteristically produced by unseparated cells from old mice. These data suggest that the spleens of both young and old mice contain two kinds of Con A-responsive CD4 cell: one that proliferates vigorously, and a second, calcium ionophore-resistant type that proliferates less well, that can interfere with proliferation of the first cell type, and whose frequency increases with age.
Corrosion of Aluminized Steel in Aggressive Natural Water (2013)

Aluminized steel Type 2 (AST2) has a ~50 µm thick coating with outer and inner layers of mostly Al and Fe-Al intermetallic respectively. AST2 is used for culvert and drainage pipes that are required to have long service life. The use of calcium carbonate-rich backfill (limestone) found to be a key contributing factor to the observed early deterioration. Limestone contributed to form a high pH environment sufficient to cause passivity breakdown of the passive film on aluminum. AST2 specimens were exposed in limestone-water cells with water being continuously replenished at a slow rate. A high steady state pH developed that was aggressive to aluminum passive film. Electrochemical measurements and direct inspection indicated onset of severe early corrosion with consequent fast wastage of the outer film. Corrosion rate decreased later as a thick corrosion product layer covered the surface and formed a transport limitation barrier.
Development of a Slotless Limited-Angle Torque Motor for Reaction Wheels Torque Measurement System (2014)

This paper presents a novel slotless limited-angle torque motor (LATM) for reaction wheels torque measurement system. The proposed slotless LATM has a uniform torque profile during its operating range, constant torque coefficient owing to avoiding saturation in back iron core. The slotless LATM has been designed and optimized using both magnetic circuit method and 2-D FE method. A scheme of magnetic pole spliced by three segments is proposed to improve flat width of air-gap flux density and torque performance. Finally, a prototype machine is established and its experimental results are presented and discussed. The theoretical and numerical results are validated with the experiments in the same operating conditions.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Prognostic and Predictive Values of the Immunoscore in Patients with Rectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;To reinforce the confidence on the statistical analyses, patients with poor postoperative outcome (I0 and I1) were pooled. The Kaplanâ€“Meier curves illustrate the DFS according to the Immunoscore and show significant differences between patient groups. The multivariate analysis shows the prognostic power of the Immunoscore and illustrates how the Immunoscore overcomes the TNM scoring system.&lt;/p&gt;
P01-39 - Adjunctive Aripiprazole in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Efficacy Data from three Short-term Studies (2010)

Aims To evaluate the efficacy of aripiprazole as adjunctive treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) without psychotic features and an inadequate response to standard antidepressant therapy (ADT). Methods Data were collected from three identical, short-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (CN138-139, CN138-163, CN138-165). After a single-blind prospective phase with placebo plus ADT, patients with inadequate response were randomized to 6-weeks’ treatment with adjunctive aripiprazole or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change in the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score during the double-blind phase. Secondary endpoints were response (≥50% reduction in MADRS total score), remission (MADRS total score ≤10 and ≥50% reduction in MADRS total score), and mean change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17) total score. Results In all three studies, adjunctive aripiprazole was associated with a significantly greater reduction in MADRS total score than adjunctive placebo, with a treatment difference ranging between -3.73 and -2.84 (p≤0.001 in each study). Response and remission rates with adjunctive aripiprazole (32.4-46.6% and 25.4-36.8%, respectively) were also significantly higher than with adjunctive placebo (17.4-26.6% [p&lt; 0.05 in each study] and 15.2-18.9% [p&lt; 0.05 in each study]). Mean change in HAM-D17 total score ranged from -7.64 to -6.77 with adjunctive aripiprazole and from -5.12 to -4.41 with adjunctive placebo (p&lt; 0.001 for each study). Conclusions Results of the three studies indicate that treatment with adjunctive aripiprazole and ADT is effective in improving the symptoms of MDD in patients who have had an inadequate response to ADT.
Perkolation von Flüssigkeitsbrücken in zufälligen Kugelschüttungen (2008)

Einf hrung 1.1 berblickDie Benetzung von und der Transport von Flssigkeiten in komplexen Geometrien stellen ein weithin ungelstes Problem dar.Um die Durchlssigkeit von porsen Materialien und ihr Verhalten in Anwesenheit von Flssigkeit zu verstehen,
Insulin-mediated venodilation is impaired in young, healthy carriers of the 825T allele of the G-protein β subunit gene () (2005)

This study is the first to show the influence of a genetic polymorphism on insulin-mediated venodilation in men in vivo. Further studies are needed to determine whether these results translate to other vascular beds, and possible gender-specific differences remain to be investigated.
&lt;title&gt;Introduction of explicit sensor models in error recovery&lt;/title&gt; (1992)

The application of numeric methods to the minimization of error has become an emerging paradigm for obj ect recovery. Typically, a parametric representation describing the object is postulated. Its parameters are then adjusted to minimize some measurement of the distance between the representation and the datapoints (the error-of-fit model). Characteristics of the sensor used to recover the points may be implicit in this formulation or may not be included at all. While sensors may be precise for a specific field of view no sensor is everywhere exact. A laser range finder for example, yields very sharp x- and y-coordinate values; however, its z-coordinate is less trustworthy. It becomes important to capture the strengths and weaknesses of a sensor and incorporate them into the recovery process. We seek to make explicit the contribution of a particular sensor by introducing a sensor model. This partitioning facilitates the development of an appropriate description of a sensor's characteristics. Also, it helps clarify interactions among different aspects of the recovery process ( i.e. error-of-fit model, sensor model, and parametric object representation). The sensor model is reflected in the certainty of sensed quantities (position, color, intensity) associated with a datapoint. We explore whether the introduction of an explicit sensor model yields an improvement in the recovery process. The PROVER (Parametric Representation Of Volumes: Experimental Recovery) System, a testbed used in the development of sensor models is described.
Preparation and Utilization of Fine Expanded Perlite (2007)

Hollow glass microspheres named expanded perlite have been prepared from perlite, but the size is usually above 20 µm. In the conventional preparation method, it is difficult to produce fine expanded perlite with particle size under 20 µm because the water contained in finely milled perlite particle, which is the origin of foaming, is evolved during heating process. A new fluidized sand-bedfurnace has developed and fine expanded perlite particles with particle size less than 15 µm and bulk density under 0.5 g/cm3 are prepared successfully. Using the fine expanded perlite, lightweight composites with alumina and lightweight pottery are successfully prepared by colloidal processing and subsequent heating.
Electron transport mechanisms in thin boron-doped diamond films (2004)

Electron transmission spectroscopy is used to examine the effect of transport distance, diamond nanostructure, and electron affinity on the cold emission characteristics of thin nanocrystalline diamond films. Energy distribution and intensity measurements are taken from films having different thicknesses (∼0.15, 2, and 4 μm) and surface properties (hydrogenated, cesiated), and two distinct transmission regimes are identified that exhibit fundamentally different characteristics. In measurements taken at sufficiently high beam energy Eo, electrons are transported through the conduction band of the diamond and emitted at a low-affinity surface, with transmission yields generally greater than 1. In this regime, the dependence on Eo results from the finite escape depth of the conduction-band electrons, which is determined to be ∼1 μm for these films based on a Monte Carlo analysis of the incident electron range. In measurements taken at lower values of Eo, electrons are generated outside of this escape range and are unable to reach the surface via conduction-band transport. In this regime, the transmission data are dominated by a much broader, low-intensity distribution, and the transmission yields are substantially lower than 1. The transmission is furthermore completely insensitive to changes in the surface properties of the diamond. Based on the nanostructure of the films, electrons are most likely transported along grain boundaries that propagate through the films.
Brownmillerite‐type Ca<sub>2</sub>FeCoO<sub>5</sub> as a Practicable Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst (2017)

Abstract Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Prof. Dr. Hiroki Habazaki at Hokkaido University with their collaborators from Kanagawa University, Kyoto University, and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. The image shows the oxygen evolution reaction on brownmillerite‐type Ca 2 FeCoO 5 categorized as an oxygen‐deficiency‐ordered perovskite in a basic solution. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201700499 .
Cancellation of photoinduced absorption in metal nanoparticle composites through a counterintuitive consequence of local field effects (1997)

By applying the Maxwell Garnett model to gold nanoparticles in water we deduce a value of Im χi(3)=1.1×10-7 esu for the imaginary part of the cubic susceptibility for gold corresponding to a Fermi smearing mechanism. We also demonstrate a sign reversal in the nonlinear absorption for gold particles in 1, 1′, 3, 3, 3′, 3′-hexamethylindotricarbocyanine iodide. Although the imaginary part of χ(3) is positive for each component by itself, remarkably the imaginary part of χ(3) is negative for the colloid as a whole. We show that the nonlinearity of the host must be considered and that the sign reversal in χ(3) is a result of the fact that at the surface plasmon resonance the local field factor has an imaginary component that arises from a phase shift between the applied field and the local field inside the particle.
Azacitidine In Compassionate Use: Response to Therapy, Survival, and Prognostic Factors In 200 Patients Diagnosed with MDS or AML (2010)

Abstract Abstract 2933 Introduction: Survival analysis need of large period of time for getting results. Survival subrogates variables provide with earlier data for clinical decisions. The current treatment paradigm is nowadays how the quality of the different treatment responses impact in patient's survival with the new treatment options. Azacitidine (AZA) is a hypomethilating agent which was available for clinical trials or compassionate use in Spain before receiving it marketing authorization in May 2009. We present the final analysis from those patients diagnosed with mielodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) selected from a longitudinal, multicenter Spanish patient registry. Materials and Methods: This analysis retrospectively gathers clinical data about the treatment, disease progression and survival of patients with MDS or AML who had received AZA 75mg/m2 in compassionate use conditions, with a dosage regimen documented. Three different dosage regimens at the beginning of each 28-day cycle were used; group A: days 1–5 (M-F)/group B: days 1–5, 8–9 (M-F, M-Tu)/group C: days 1–7 (M-Su). Survival analysis was stratified by patients' basal conditions, dosage schedule and best response after 4th and 6th cycles. Results: Data were collected from 200 patients with MDS or AML according to the WHO diagnostic criteria. Basal data, effectiveness results and data from haematological tolerance are mainly summarized in table 1. Median survival time was 706 days (95% CI 588–1093) in those patients who achieved a response versus 225 days (95% CI 156–319) in those who did not. Survival analysis showed differences based on the best response achieved (p&lt;0.0001), the response achieved after the 4th cycle (p&lt;0.0001) and the response achieved after the 6th cycle (p&lt;0.0001). Survival Hazard Ratios based on the best response, the responses after 4th and 6th cycles are summarized in table 2. Figures 1 and 2 shows survival curves based on best response after 4 and 6 cycles of therapy. Conclusions: These in routine clinical practice data confirms those survival data previously published. Although results of AZA-001 show CR is sufficient but not necessary to prolong OS; our data shows an increase in the risk of not being alive when decreasing the quality of the best response achieved by patients during the treatment. To achieve the best response after the 4th cycle could be an AZA treatment goal. Percentages (Chi-Square Test, Exact's Fisher Test, LR Test according to application criteria met), Median +/− IQR (Kruskal-Wallis Test) or Median +/− Std (T-Test) when applicable. Disclosures: García: Celgene: Research Funding. de Miguel LLorente:Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Bargay:Celgene: Research Funding. Ramos:Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Sanz:Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Sánchez:Celgene: Speakers Bureau.
Missense mutation in the PTEN promoter of a patient with hemifacial hyperplasia (2015)

The cellular mechanisms involved in the asymmetric facial overgrowth syndrome, hemifacial hyperplasia (HFH), are not well understood. This study was conducted to compare primary cell cultures from hyperplastic and normal HFH bone for cellular and molecular differences. Primary cultures developed from biopsies of a patient with isolated HFH showed a twofold difference in cell size and cell number between hyperplastic and normal bone. Microarray data suggested a 40% suppression of PTEN (phosphatase-tensin homolog) transcripts. Sequencing of the PTEN gene and promoter identified novel C/G missense mutation (position -1053) in the regulatory region of the PTEN promoter. Western blots of downstream pathway components showed an increase in PKBa/Akt1 phosphorylation and TOR (target of rapamcyin) signal. Sirolimus, an inhibitor of TOR, when added to overgrowth cells reversed the cell size, cell number and total protein differences between hyperplastic and normal cells. In cases of facial overgrowth, which involve PTEN/Akt/TOR dysregulation, sirolimus could be used for limiting cell overgrowth.
Melanoma cells release DEL-1 via small extracellular vesicles (2022)

Abstract DEL-1 (developmental endothelial locus-1) induces integrin signaling and recognizes phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cells. We show that DEL-1, which is thought to be a secreted molecule, is not found in melanoma cell culture supernatants but is exported by an endosomal pathway and released via small extracellular vesicles (sEV). Proteomics of DEL-1 positive sEV, but not of DEL-1 negative sEV contain proteins associated with poor survival in cancer. To determine whether DEL-1 is suitable to predict treatment responses, we isolated sEV from plasma of melanoma patients before and 90 days of treatment with checkpoint inhibitors. Although we could not detect DEL-1 in plasma sEV even in patients with progressive disease (most likely due to the very low protein yield from sEV isolated from 1ml plasma), the principal component analysis allowed a clear differentiation between controls and patients as well as between patients before and after treatment. Interestingly, in one patient with complete regression, in the post treatment sample, the protein expression profile remained in the pre-treatment cluster. The low protein yield of patient sEV and the low patient number are clear limitations of this study, but results demonstrate that this method could have the potential to predict treatment responses.