gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planar Multielectrode Array Coupled Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Image Sensor for<i>In vitro</i>Electrophysiology (2011)

A multielectrode array coupled complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (MARC sensor) was developed for an in vitro electrophysiology experiment. The sensor chip was fabricated by a standard CMOS process, and has a 64 microelectrode array and a 180×180 photodiode pixel array. The size of an on-chip microelectrode is 60×60 µm2 and the pixel size is 7.5×7.5 µm2. In addition, Pt black was fabricated on microelectrodes to obtain stimulation electrodes. The imaging function was demonstrated by the anatomical observation of a mouse hippocampal slice, and the electrical recording function was also demonstrated by monitoring the extracellular field potentials of the brain slice using on-chip microelectrodes. The MARC sensor is compatible with existing in vitro multichannel recording systems. This is the first report supporting our concept that microelectrode arrays and large-sized optical systems can be integrated onto single large-scale integration (LSI) architecture.
Design of robust profitable false data injection attacks in multi‐settlement electricity markets (2017)

The potential impacts of data integrity attacks on multi‐settlement electricity markets have been recently investigated and have sent a strong message to power grids independent system operators (ISOs) that adversaries could launch profitable cyber attacks by casting an incorrect image of transmission lines congestion pattern. However, these cautionary messages may be underestimated due to the adversaries unrealistic requirements (e.g. having access to real‐time measurements) to launch a successful stealthy and profitable attack. This study examines the potential of the aforementioned risk by demonstrating how a malicious power market participant could disturb the electricity market operation, using a pre‐designed false data injection attack along with bogus electricity trades in both day‐ahead and real‐time markets. The proposed attack design is robust against market uncertainties and the adversary can guarantee the success of the attack in advance. Hence, the existence of such cyber attacks against electricity markets can make the adversaries more aggressive. The numerical results on the IEEE 14‐bus test system confirm the vulnerability of multi‐settlement electricity markets to such financial cyber attacks. The results obtained from investigating such an attack design can be employed by ISOs in order to provide appropriate countermeasures.
Measurement of the degree of cure in epoxies with ultrasonic velocity (1986)

The use of ultrasonic longitudinal velocity values to measure the degree of cure (defined for an epoxide system as the concentration of epoxide/amine bonds divided by the initial epoxide concentration) in epoxy resins is investigated. The experimental setup used to measure the changes in longitudinal velocity with time is described, together with the technique used to calculate the degree of cure from the acoustic data, using the principle of additive module. Measurements were done with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin cured with an amine adduct agent. Good qualitative agreement was shown between the time dependence of the acoustically measured degree of cure and the predicted rate of reaction.
Fields, forces, and performance equations of air-core liner self-synchronous motor with rectangular current control (1988)

An analytical field approach to determine the permanent magnetic field distribution in a flat air-core self-synchronous linear motor with a permanent magnet mover is reported. Thrust and normal forces are calculated for idealized rectangular-current inverter control. Notable thrust and normal force time pulsations are shown through a numerical example. The performance equations with an on-off current controller are developed with the motor fed from a voltage source transistor inverter. The analysis represents a reliable tool for refined design and control of permanent magnet air-core linear self-synchronous motors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Strukturvergleich von H<sub>2</sub>C C(PPh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> und Ph<sub>3</sub>P C(PPh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>: Ein Beitrag zur Problematik der P C‐Doppelbindung in Yliden (1984)

Abstract Durch die Strukturanalyse von H 2 C = C(PPh 2 ) 2 ( 1 ) konnte der konformationsbestimmende Effekt der C = C‐Doppelbindung mit dem der P = C‐Doppelbindung im Ylid Ph 3 P = C(PPn 2 ) 2 ( A ) verglichen werden. Die Kristallstrukturanalyse von 1 ergab, daß im festen Zustand wirklich ähnliche Konformationen der Ph 2 P‐Gruppen relativ zur Grundebene des Moleküls vorliegen. Die dirigierende Wirkung ist jedoch nicht so stark wie im Ylid, so daß in Lösungen 31 P‐NMR‐spektroskopisch auch bei – 75°C noch keine Nichtäquivalenz der P‐Atome feststellbar ist. Die Rotationsbehinderung in A wird auf den gauche ‐Effekt der freien Elektronenpaare an P III und Ylid‐C‐Atom zurückgeführt. Nach Abstandskriterien entfallen bei 1 auch π‐Wechselwirkungen C = P, während sie bei A offenbar erhebliche Beiträge leisten.
Acute effects of C‐peptide on the microvasculature of isolated perfused skeletal muscles and kidneys in rat (1996)

The C-peptide has recently been suggested to have beneficial effects in several organs and improve glycaemic control in human type I diabetes, while there were no such effects in healthy controls. The exact mechanisms behind these effects are, however, not clear. In an attempt to study the actions of C-peptide on the microvasculature in normal rats during more controlled conditions, isolated rat hindquarters and kidneys were perfused with albumin solutions in order to obtain low basal concentrations of C-peptide. In rat hindquarters, infusion of C-peptide significantly increased the capillary filtration coefficients (CFC) from 0.035 +/- 0.002 to 0.044 +/- 0.002 mL min-1 100 g-1 mmHg-1 (P < 0.001, n = 9) and the permeability surface area product (PS) for vitamin B12 from 3.48 +/- 0.29 to 4.02 +/- 0.37 mL min-1 100 g-1 (P < 0.01, n = 6). Addition of C-peptide to the perfusate during infusion of sodium nitroprusside did not induce any additional alteration of CFC or PS. The vascular resistance was slightly decreased from 2.74 +/- 0.17 to 2.64 +/- 0.17 mmHg min 100 g mL-1 (P < 0.01, n = 9). These effects of C-peptide are compatible with increases in capillary surface area without alteration of the permeability per se. In isolated rat kidneys perfused at low temperature (8 degrees C) prepared to inhibit all metabolic processes. C-peptide induced no changes in glomerular filtration rate, total vascular resistance or fractional albumin clearance. Therefore, C-peptide causes active vasodilation of the normothermic microvasculature and hence recruitment of capillaries. These findings support the previous observations in man that C-peptide indeed has biological effects.
Electronic band structure of far-infrared Ga<sub>1-x</sub>In<sub>x</sub>Sb/InAs superlattices (1993)

Results of tight-binding and eight-band k.p calculations of the electronic band structure of long wavelength Ga1-xInxSb/InAs superlattices are compared with experimental energy gap and absorption coefficient data. The effective masses, band splittings and absorption coefficients observed in this system illustrate the potential of these structures for application in focal plane array systems demanding high detectivities or relaxed cooling requirements. Comparisons with Hg1-xCdxTe, the industry standard, are particularly favourable at longer wavelengths (8-12 mu m and beyond), due to both a substantial reduction in tunnel currents and a suppression of impact ionization noise processes. The authors also find that the InSb- or Ga1-xInxAs-like nature of the interfaces should affect the energy gap of a Ga1-xInxSb/InAs superlattice, and that substantially larger optical absorption coefficients are to be expected in structures with InSb-like interfaces. Their calculations are in agreement with experimental absorption spectra and with observed dependences of energy gaps on interfacial chemistry, measured in samples in which the nature of the interfaces was controlled through appropriate shuttering sequences and use of interrupts during growth by molecular beam epitaxy.
Identification of Metallothionein Subisoforms in HPLC Using Accurate Mass and Online Sequencing by Electrospray Hybrid Linear Ion Trap-Orbital Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (2010)

A comprehensive approach to the characterization of metallothionein (MT) isoforms based on microbore HPLC with multimodal detection was developed. MTs were separated as Cd(7) complexes, detected by ICP MS and tentatively identified by molecular mass measured with 1-2 ppm accuracy using Orbital ion trap mass spectrometry. The identification was validated by accurate mass of the corresponding apo-MTs after postcolumn acidification and by their sequences acquired online by higher-energy collision dissociation MS/MS. The detection limits down to 10 fmol and 45 fmol could be obtained by ESI MS for apo- and Cd(7)-isoforms, respectively, and were lower than those obtained by ICP MS (100 fmol). The individual MT isoforms could be sequenced at levels as low as 200 fmol with the sequence coverage exceeding 90%. The approach was successfully applied to the identification of MT isoforms induced in a pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK(1)) exposed to CdS nanoparticles.
Investigate and Improve the Distorted Waveforms for Core Loss Measurement with Arbitrary Excitations (2021)

The magnetic core plays a very important role in high frequency switching transformer modeling, design as well as loss estimation, etc. Extract the core loss from the winding loss accurately is essential in many industrial applications. Usually, A power amplifier connected to a function generator is applied to add the excitation to the CUT (core under test). For practical applications, sometimes, a square-wave or triangular-wave excitation, which depends on the working condition, is required to be added to the CUT. However, sometimes, it is found the non-sinusoidal excitations added on the CUT are distorted, which brings difficulties to accurate core loss measurement. In this paper, a detailed explanation for this phenomenon is given, several convenient solutions to improve the non-sinusoidal waveforms are explored based on the theoretical analysis. Both the simulation and experiment verify the analysis.
A predictive learning control system for an energy conserving thermostat (1981)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1981.
Simultaneous Modeling of Biomarker and Toxicity Response Predicted Optimal Regimen of Guadecitabine (SGI‐110) in Myeloid Malignancies (2017)

Guadecitabine (SGI-110) is a novel next-generation hypomethylating agent (HMA) administered as s.c. injection with extended decitabine exposure. Dose/exposure-response analyses of longitudinal measures of long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) methylation and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) pooled from 79 and 369 patients in 2 phase I/II trials, respectively, were performed to assist, through modeling and simulation, the selection of dosing regimens for phase III. Simulation of ANC predicted a decrease after a 5-day regimen of 60 mg/m<sup>2</sup> with partial recovery before the next cycle, whereas the nadir of 90 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on the same schedule was below 100/µl. ANC following a 60 mg/m<sup>2</sup> 10-day regimen was predicted to be suppressed below 100/µl as long as treatment continued without recovery. The developed models provided useful tools to assist simultaneous evaluation of the relative dynamics of the two effects (DNA demethylation and the effect on ANC).
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:math>-shell ionization of elements<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>28</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>for 0.4 to 3.8 MeV/amu<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>-ion bombardment (1978)

$K$-shell x-ray production cross sections, $\frac{K\ensuremath{\beta}}{K\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ x-ray intensity ratios and $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $K\ensuremath{\beta}$ x-ray energy shifts have been determined for thin solid targets of $_{15}\mathrm{P}$, $_{19}\mathrm{K}$, $_{20}\mathrm{Ca}$, $_{21}\mathrm{Sc}$, $_{22}\mathrm{Ti}$, $_{23}\mathrm{V}$, $_{25}\mathrm{Mn}$, $_{26}\mathrm{Fe}$, $_{27}\mathrm{Co}$, and $_{28}\mathrm{Ni}$ for 4-38-MeV $_{5}^{10}\mathrm{B}$ ion bombardment. Comparisons of the cross sections were made to direct Coulomb ionization and electron-capture theories by means of fluorescence yields corrected for multiple-ionization effects. The dominant contribution to $K$-vacancy production for these projectile-target combinations is believed to be direct ionization. Electron capture is expected to be important only for the lighter target elements and then primarily at the higher velocities. The direct-ionization theories employed were the binary-encounter approximation and the plane-wave Born approximation (PWBA) both of which overestimated the experimental data especially at the lower incident ion velocities. The PWBA was modified for increased target-electron binding, Coulomb deflection of the incident ion, polarization of the target-electron wave functions due to the passage of the incident ion, and relativistic target-electron velocities. The experimental data were found to agree quite well with the sum of the theoretical predictions of the modified PWBA and electron capture.
Reaction of polymeric organolithium compounds with ethylene oxide in hydrocarbon solution: determination of extent of oligomerization (2002)

The functionalization of poly(styryl)lithium with excess ethylene oxide in benzene solution has been reexamined to determine if oligomerization of ethylene oxide occurs under normal conditions. No 13C NMR peaks were observed at δ = 69-70 and 72-73 ppm as expected for a chain end with two ethylene oxide units. These peaks were not observed even when 3.3 equivalents of 13C-labeled ethylene oxide (98 atom % 13C) was utilized. No peak corresponding to two ethylene oxide units at the chain end (at m/z 104n \ 210 \ 44 Daltons) was observed in the MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of the functionalization product. The main series of peaks (Ag\-cationized) appeared at m/z 104n \ 210, corresponding to the expected C4H9 and CH2CH2OH end groups with a number average degree of polymerization of n. A small peak (ca. 3%) corresponding to two ethylene oxide units at the chain end was observed in the mass spectrum of the functionalization product obtained using 10 equivalents of ethylene oxide
Differential Effects of Isoniazid and Oral Contraceptive Steroids on Antipyrine Oxidation and Acetaminophen Conjugation (1984)

Factors influencing hepatic oxidation of antipyrine and conjugation of acetaminophen were evaluated in volunteers who received 1.0 g of antipyrine intravenously and on a different occasion a 650 mg intravenous dose of acetaminophen. In study one, subjects received both drugs in the control state and at another time during coadministration of isoniazid (INH), 180 mg daily. In control versus INH conditions, mean clearance of antipyrine was reduced from 0.67 to 0.60 ml/min/kg as was clearance of acetaminophen from 4.97 to 4.23 ml/min/kg, but these differences were not statistically significant. In study two, females on low-dose estrogen oral contraceptives (OC) and drug-free controls matched for age received both drugs. Compared to controls, OC users had reduced total clearance of antipyrine (0.71 vs. 0.50 ml/min/kg; p less than 0.005) and prolonged antipyrine t1/2 (9.6 vs. 13.3 h; p less than 0.005). For acetaminophen, however, OC users had higher clearance (5.2 vs. 6.1 ml/min/kg) and shorter t1/2 (2.2 vs. 1.9 h) although differences did not attain statistical significance. Clearance of antipyrine and acetaminophen across both studies was not statistically significantly correlated within individuals (r = 0.22). The capacities for drug oxidation and conjugation appear to be controlled by different mechanisms.
Comparison of Biological, Pharmacological Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications, Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Inactivated Whole-Virus COVID-19 Vaccines Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin: An Observational Study (2023)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging viral zoonotic illness that has developed a distinctive and threatening situation globally. Worldwide, many vaccines were introduced to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to compare the bio-pharmacological characteristics, indications, contraindications, efficacy, and adverse effects of inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin. Initially, 262 documents and 6 international organizations were selected. Finally, 41 articles, fact sheets, and international organizations were included. The data were recorded from the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) USA, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. The results demonstrated that these three inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin, received emergency approval from the FDA/WHO, and all three of these vaccines are beneficial for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Sinopharm vaccine has been recommended during pregnancy and for people of all age groups, and the CoronaVac and Covaxin vaccines are recommended for people over 18 years of age and older. These three vaccines have recommended intramuscular doses of 0.5 mL each, with a 3-4 week interval. These three vaccines can be stored in a refrigerator at +2 to +8 °C. The common adverse effects of these vaccines are pain at the injection site, redness, fatigue, headache, myalgias, general lethargy, body ache, arthralgia, nausea, chills, fever, and dizziness. The overall mean efficiency for the prevention of the COVID-19 disease is 73.78% for Sinopharm, 70.96% for CoronaVac, and 61.80% for Covaxin. In conclusion, all three inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin, are beneficial for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, evidence suggests that the overall impact of Sinopharm is slightly better than that of CoronaVac and Covaxin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Dihydropyrano(furano)pyridines via [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of 5‐Alkenoxy Substituted Oxazoles. (2012)

Abstract The reaction proceeds best in the presence of Tf 2 O and pyridine.
Ursodeoxycholyl Lysophosphatidylethanolamide Protects Against Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice (2015)

The ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury that occurs during liver transplantation causes severe complications leading to transplantation failure. We have designed a cytoprotective agent, ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide (UDCA-LPE), which promotes the survival of cultured hepatocellular cell lines and inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in the in vivo models of liver injury. Here, we show that UDCA-LPE increased the viability of mouse hepatocytes by activating the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β survival signaling pathways. We further tested whether UDCA-LPE could protect hepatic I/R injury in mice by clamping liver lobes of C57/BL6 mice for 90 min of ischemia followed by unclamping and reperfusion for 2 h. Two regimens for UDCA-LPE treatment were carried out; with a single dose of 100 mg/kg UDCA-LPE intraperitoneally injected 30 min prior to ischemia and a double dose of 50 mg/kg UDCA-LPE given 30 min prior to ischemia and just prior to reperfusion. Using histology and liver enzyme determination, we observed that hepatic I/R caused significant hepatic necrosis, which was decreased in UDCA-LPE-treated mice undergoing I/R. Ursodeoxycholyl LPE concomitantly protected against I/R-induced apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3, cleaved poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1), inflammation (IL-1β, CD11b, chemokine ligands 2 and 3, chemokine receptor 2), and portal fibrogenesis (α-smooth muscle actin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), as determined by Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical analyses. The protection by UDCA-LPE was found to be better in the double-dose than in the single-dose regimen. Thus, UDCA-LPE promoted the survival of mouse hepatocytes and protected against hepatic I/R injury and thus may be of therapeutic use in liver transplantation settings.
Crystal structure and magnetic properties of [Ln2Cu4] hexanuclear clusters (where Ln = trivalent lanthanide). Mechanism of the gadolinium(III)-copper(II) magnetic interaction (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure and magnetic properties of [Ln2Cu4] hexanuclear clusters (where Ln = trivalent lanthanide). Mechanism of the gadolinium(III)-copper(II) magnetic interactionMarius Andruh, Isabelle Ramade, Epiphane Codjovi, Olivier Guillou, Olivier Kahn, and Jean Christian TrombeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5, 1822–1829Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00058a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00058a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1118Altmetric-Citations335LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts