gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel technology for the rapid total mineralization of carbon tetrachloride under ambient conditions (2013)

Polyhaloalkanes such as carbon tetrachloride (CTC) are classified as biorefractory, highly toxic and ozone depleting materials. Those materials are suspected as being carcinogenic and are widespread contaminants in soil and ground water. Accordingly, schemes to effectively destruct and mineralize polyhalomethanes are in great need. We herewith report a novel reagent composed of sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and a phase transfer catalyst that swiftly and quantitatively mineralize bulk CTC under ambient conditions. We advocate that the key intermediate in the process is the powerful nucleophile, superoxide anion that is extracted by the phase transfer catalyst into the organic (CTC) phase. This nucleophile rapidly reacts with CTC and completely mineralizes it to sodium carbonate and sodium chloride.
Development of non-destructive evaluation system using an HTS-SQUID gradiometer for magnetized materials (2012)

We have developed a new eddy-current non-destructive evaluation (NDE) system using an HTS SQUID gradiometer with the aim of applying it to practical materials with magnetization. The new NDE system employs a LN2-cooled external Cu pickup coil and an HTS SQUID chip placed in a magnetic shield made of HTS material. The HTS SQUID chip consists of an HTS planar gradiometer manufactured by using a ramp-edge junction technology and a multi-turn HTS thin film input coil coupled with the flip-chip configuration. The first-order coaxial gradiometric Cu pickup coil with a diameter of 16 mm and the baseline of 5.6 mm was used in the present NDE experiments. By using this NDE system, we could observe defect-induced magnetic signals without an appreciable influence of magnetization up to 10 mT. We also examined the ability of detecting deep-lying defects and compared with the results obtained using our previous NDE system.
BRAIN DEATH INDUCES TISSUE ACTIVATION AND APOPTOSIS IN CADAVERIC DONOR LIVERS. (2000)

Hoeven, Joost A.B. van der1; Vos, Paul de1; Molema, Ingrid2; Horst, Gert J. Ter3; Ploeg, Rutger J.1 Author Information
Antistaphylococcal Activity of DX-619 Alone and in Combination with Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, and Linezolid Assessed by Time-Kill Synergy Testing (2007)

Time-kill synergy studies testing in vitro activity of DX-619 alone and with added vancomycin, teicoplanin, or linezolid against 101 Staphylococcus aureus strains showed synergy between DX-619 and teicoplanin at 12 to 24 h in 72 strains and between DX-619 and vancomycin in 28 strains. No synergy was found with linezolid, and no antagonism was observed with any combination.
Cytotoxicity of a Unimolecular Polymeric Micelle and Its Degradation Products (2001)

The cytotoxicity of a unimolecular polymeric micelle (1) and its degradation products was assessed by cell proliferation and viability with L929 mouse areolar/adipose fibroblasts. Polymer 1 and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were diluted to concentrations from 10-4 to 10-6 M in culture media, whereas the degradation products were diluted to concentrations (10-4 to 10-6 M) that would theoretically occur upon degradation of polymer 1. The polymer degradation products that were evaluated included mucic acid, hexanoic acid, 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (THPE), 2,3,4,5-tetrakis-hexanoyloxy-hexanedioic acid or MA(hex), Core(hex), and PEG5, which is PEG of molecular weight 5000. Cells exposed to polymer 1 proliferated at the same rate as cells grown in polymer-free or PEG5-containing solutions up to 36 h. In both the polymer 1 and PEG5 solutions, cytotoxicity was not observed at any concentration (up to 10-4 M) as indicated by cell attachment, growth, and morphology. Fibroblasts exposed to the degradation products fared as well as fibroblasts in contact with polymer 1 and PEG5, except for cells exposed to the highest concentration (10-4 M) of THPE.
Processing and oxidation response of Cr2AlC MAX-phase composites containing ceramic fibers (2021)

Three different ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) were produced using Cr2AlC as a matrix, and carbon, SiC and Al2O3 short fibers as a secondary phase. Cr2AlC powders were synthesized by solid-state reaction, followed by mixing with the fibers, and full densification using a field-assisted sintering technique. Of the three different fiber types, Carbon fibers reacted strongly with Cr2AlC, while the reaction with SiC fibers was more limited and alumina fibers didn’t show any reaction. Oxidation tests of the monolithic Cr2AlC and the composites were performed by thermogravimetric analysis. An alumina layer formed at 1000 ​°C on every sample, well attached and worked as a good oxidation barrier. Under realistic conditions using a burner rig for cyclic oxidation at 1200 ​°C for 500 cycles, the oxidation resistance of the alumina fiber CMC is good, as no defects or degradation are visible and the alumina layer is well attached.
Compact X-band SiGe power amplifier for single-chip phased array radar applications (2012)

An X-band power amplifier (PA) is presented for single-chip phased array radar applications. In this work, the choice of optimum circuit topology for X-band PA design is discussed and possible stability issues for high and low frequencies are analysed. The PA features a two-stage cascode architecture that includes both high-speed (low breakdown) and high breakdown (low-speed) SiGe transistors. It consists of two stages providing a 23.2 dBm saturated output power with a 28% power-added efficiency at 9 GHz. The output 1-dB compression point (P1dB) is higher than 20 dBm in a 3 GHz bandwidth and has a maximum value of 22.2 dBm. The small-signal gain is 25.5 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth of 3.2 GHz (7.3–10.5 GHz). The PA has been fabricated using 0.25 µm SiGe BiCMOS process provided by IHP Microelectronics. The PA occupies 1 mm×0.6 mm chip area and consumes 120 mA from a 4 V supply voltage. These results demonstrate comparable or better performance than other reported PAs and suitable performance for single-chip phased array applications.
Unveiling an indole alkaloid diketopiperazine biosynthetic pathway that features a unique stereoisomerase and multifunctional methyltransferase (2023)

The 2,5-diketopiperazines are a prominent class of bioactive molecules. The nocardioazines are actinomycete natural products that feature a pyrroloindoline diketopiperazine scaffold composed of two D-tryptophan residues functionalized by N- and C-methylation, prenylation, and diannulation. Here we identify and characterize the nocardioazine B biosynthetic pathway from marine Nocardiopsis sp. CMB-M0232 by using heterologous biotransformations, in vitro biochemical assays, and macromolecular modeling. Assembly of the cyclo-L-Trp-L-Trp diketopiperazine precursor is catalyzed by a cyclodipeptide synthase. A separate genomic locus encodes tailoring of this precursor and includes an aspartate/glutamate racemase homolog as an unusual D/L isomerase acting upon diketopiperazine substrates, a phytoene synthase-like prenyltransferase as the catalyst of indole alkaloid diketopiperazine prenylation, and a rare dual function methyltransferase as the catalyst of both N- and C-methylation as the final steps of nocardioazine B biosynthesis. The biosynthetic paradigms revealed herein showcase Nature's molecular ingenuity and lay the foundation for diketopiperazine diversification via biocatalytic approaches.
Automated image registration (1993)

Our findings suggest that ulnar nerves are more commonly involved in men, with lower CMAP slower NCV values, and longer DL values.
Towards a Data and Workflow Collaboratory for Research on Free and Open Source Software and its Development (2008)

FLOSSmole is a collaborative data repository which collects and provides data for research&#13;\non Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) and its development by online, distributed&#13;\nteams. The data is used by a research community that studies diverse questions from the&#13;\nevolution of software to how these groups make decisions, use various media and man-&#13;\nage change over time (Scacchi, 2007). This multi-disciplinary research community includes&#13;\nresearchers both inside and outside iSchools, from many disciplines including software en-&#13;\ngineering, organizational studies, information systems and sociology, as well as corporate&#13;\nresearchers.&#13;\nSince May 2007, we1 have been working to development this repository into an e-Social Sci-&#13;\nence infrastructure capable of supporting, storing and publishing not only data but analyses&#13;\norganized into scienti c work&#13;\nows, as envisioned in the NSF reports on Cyberinfrastruc-&#13;\nture (Atkins, 2003; NSF Cyberinfrastructure Council, 2007). Further we are developing a&#13;\npre-print repository which will enable bidirectional links between the data, work&#13;\nows and&#13;\npublished papers. The goal of the project is to facilitate collaboration to improve the re-&#13;\nproducibility and consistency of research, collaboratively building a body of cumulative&#13;\nknowledge (Borgman, 2007; Finholt and Olson, 1997).
The Preparation of Ba1-xRbxBiOy Sputtering Films. (1999)

We prepared the Ba1-xRbxBiOy (BRBO) thin films by rf magnetron sputtering using He+ O2 gas (He = 80%). The XPS results indicated that the BRBO thin films contained Ba, Rb, Bi and O. From the X-ray diffraction patterns and R-T characteristics of the BRBO films, we found thet the films were (110) -oriented, and that the resistance of the BRBO film were dependent on the film thickness.
Gout-Induced Arthropathy After Total Knee Arthroplasty (2001)

Gout, although relatively rare in joint replacements, can present as an acute or chronic painful knee or hip arthroplasty. Gout and acute infection of a joint replacement can be difficult to differentiate, with the physical examination and laboratory study results frequently being similar. Both conditions can present with a rapid onset of joint pain, swelling, erythema, and constitutional symptoms, including fevers and malaise. Laboratory findings in both conditions often include an elevated leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level. Negatively birefringent, needle-shaped crystals in the synovial fluid confirm the diagnosis of gout. The mistaken diagnosis of septic arthritis in a joint replacement with crystal-induced synovitis can lead to inappropriate open debridement or component removal. The current study includes a review of the literature and presents two cases of gout after total knee arthroplasty. These cases suggest that in situations of suspected sepsis without synovial fluid crystals, operative intervention is indicated with a presumed diagnosis of septic arthritis. The identification of chalky white or yellow deposits in the synovium or bone is highly suggestive of gout. The definitive diagnosis is made by polarized light histologic evaluation of these tissues. If these deposits are present in the absence of a positive preoperative culture, positive Gram stain for bacteria, or component loosening, component retention is indicated.
Determinants of progressive vascular calcification in haemodialysis patients (2004)

Calcium-based phosphate binders are associated with progressive coronary artery and aortic calcification, especially when mineral metabolism is not well controlled. Calcium may directly or indirectly (via PTH) adversely influence the balance of skeletal and extraskeletal calcification in haemodialysis patients.
Sickle Erythrocytes Target Cytotoxics to Hypoxic Tumor Microvessels and Potentiate a Tumoricidal Response (2020)

Resistance of hypoxic solid tumor niches to chemotherapy and radiotherapy remains a major scientific challenge that calls for conceptually new approaches. Here we exploit a hitherto unrecognized ability of sickled erythrocytes (SSRBCs) but not normal RBCs (NLRBCs) to selectively target hypoxic tumor vascular microenviroment and induce diffuse vaso-occlusion. Within minutes after injection SSRBCs, but not NLRBCs, home and adhere to hypoxic 4T1 tumor vasculature with hemoglobin saturation levels at or below 10% that are distributed over 70% of the tumor space. The bound SSRBCs thereupon form microaggregates that obstruct/occlude up to 88% of tumor microvessels. Importantly, SSRBCs, but not normal RBCs, combined with exogenous prooxidant zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) induce a potent tumoricidal response via a mutual potentiating mechanism. In a clonogenic tumor cell survival assay, SSRBC surrogate hemin, along with H2O2 and ZnPP demonstrate a similar mutual potentiation and tumoricidal effect. In contrast to existing treatments directed only to the hypoxic tumor cell, the present approach targets the hypoxic tumor vascular environment and induces injury to both tumor microvessels and tumor cells using intrinsic SSRBC-derived oxidants and locally generated ROS. Thus, the SSRBC appears to be a potent new tool for treatment of hypoxic solid tumors, which are notable for their resistance to existing cancer treatments.
DNA taxonomy of a neglected animal phylum: an unexpected diversity of tardigrades (2004)

A molecular survey technique was used to investigate the diversity of terrestrial tardigrades from three sites within Scotland. Ribosomal small subunit sequence was used to classify specimens into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU). Most MOTU were identified to the generic level using digital voucher photography. Thirty–two MOTU were defined, a surprising abundance given that the documented British fauna is 68 species. Some tardigrade MOTU were shared between the two rural collection sites, but no MOTU were found in both urban and rural sites, which conflicts with models of ubiquity of meiofaunal taxa. The patterns of relatedness of MOTU were particularly intriguing, with some forming clades with low levels of divergence, suggestive of taxon flocks. Some morphological taxa contained well–separated MOTU, perhaps indicating the existence of cryptic taxa. DNA sequence–based MOTU proved to be a revealing method for meiofaunal diversity studies.
Surrogate R-spondins for tissue-specific potentiation of Wnt Signaling (2020)

Secreted R-spondin1-4 proteins (RSPO1-4) orchestrate stem cell renewal and tissue homeostasis by potentiating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. RSPOs induce the turnover of negative Wnt regulators RNF43 and ZNRF3 through a process that requires RSPO interactions with Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptors (LGRs), or through an LGR-independent mechanism that is enhanced by RSPO binding to heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Here, we describe the engineering of 'surrogate RSPOs' that function independently of LGRs to potentiate Wnt signaling on cell types expressing a target surface marker. These bispecific proteins were generated by fusing an RNF43- or ZNRF3-specific single chain antibody variable fragment (scFv) to the immune cytokine IL-2. Surrogate RSPOs mimic the function of natural RSPOs by crosslinking the extracellular domain (ECD) of RNF43 or ZNRF3 to the ECD of the IL-2 receptor CD25, which sequesters the complex and results in highly selective amplification of Wnt signaling on CD25+ cells. Furthermore, surrogate RSPOs were able substitute for wild type RSPO in a colon organoid growth assay when intestinal stem cells were transduced to express CD25. Our results provide proof-of-concept for a technology that may be adapted for use on a broad range of cell- or tissue-types and will open new avenues for the development of Wnt-based therapeutics for regenerative medicine.
La cellule souche cancéreuse (2007)

Recent research in a large variety of tumors, including breast cancer, has given support to the "cancer stem cell hypothesis". Based on this, tumors contain and are driven by a cellular subcomponent that retains key stem cell properties. These include self-renewal, which drives tumorigenesis, and the capacity to generate cellular heterogeneity. Recently, different techniques have been used to isolate potential breast cancer stem cells with the cell surface phenotype CD44+CD24-/low lin- or expressing Aldehyde dehydrogenase. This model has fundamental implications for breast cancer treatment. The development of specific therapeutics that target this population is an important focus for the future.
Evaluation of Incremental Improvements to Quantitative Precipitation Estimates in Complex Terrain (2009)

Abstract Advanced remote sensing and in situ observing systems employed during the Hydrometeorological Testbed experiment on the American River basin near Sacramento, California, provided a unique opportunity to evaluate correction procedures applied to gap-filling, experimental radar precipitation products in complex terrain. The evaluation highlighted improvements in hourly radar rainfall estimation due to optimizing the parameters in the reflectivity-to-rainfall (Z–R) relation, correcting for the range dependence in estimating R due to the vertical variability in Z in snow and melting-layer regions, and improving low-altitude radar coverage by merging rainfall estimates from two research radars operating at different frequencies and polarization states. This evaluation revealed that although the rainfall product from research radars provided the smallest bias relative to gauge estimates, in terms of the root-mean-square error (with the bias removed) and Pearson correlation coefficient it did not outperform the product from a nearby operational radar that used optimized Z–R relations and was corrected for range dependence. This result was attributed to better low-altitude radar coverage with the operational radar over the upper part of the basin. In these regions, the data from the X-band research radar were not available and the C-band research radar was forced to use higher-elevation angles as a result of nearby terrain and tree blockages, which yielded greater uncertainty in surface rainfall estimates. This study highlights the challenges in siting experimental radars in complex terrain. Last, the corrections developed for research radar products were adapted and applied to an operational radar, thus providing a simple transfer of research findings to operational rainfall products yielding significantly improved skill.
Flexible and Autonomous Multi-band Raman Amplifiers (2020)

We propose an embedded controller able to autonomously manage Raman amplification in software-defined optical networks. The conceived structure allows the system to work both in single and multi-band transmission, achieving a large range of amplification constraints. A set of experiments validates this proposal.
Escherichia coli DNA Adenine Methyltransferase (2009)

We have investigated the structural basis of processive GATC methylation by the Escherichia coli DNA adenine methyltransferase, which is critical in chromosome replication and mismatch repair. We determined the contribution of the orthologically conserved phosphate interactions involving residues Arg(95), Asn(126), Asn(132), Arg(116), and Lys(139), which directly contact the DNA outside the cognate recognition site (GATC) to processive catalysis, and that of residue Arg(137), which is not conserved and contacts the DNA backbone within the GATC sequence. Alanine substitutions at the conserved positions have large impacts on processivity yet do not impact k(cat)/K(m)(DNA) or DNA affinity (K(D)(DNA)). However, these mutants cause large preferences for GATC sites varying in flanking sequences when considering the pre-steady state efficiency constant k(chem)/K(D)(DNA). These changes occur mainly at the level of the methylation rate constant, which results in the observed decreases in processive catalysis. Thus, processivity and catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)(DNA)) are uncoupled in these mutants. These results reveal that the binding energy involved in DNA recognition contributes to the assembly of the active site rather than tight binding. Furthermore, the conserved residues (Arg(95), Asn(126), Asn(132), and Arg(116)) repress the modulation of the response of the enzyme to flanking sequence effects. Processivity impacted mutants do not show substrate-induced dimerization as is observed for the wild type enzyme. This study describes the structural means by which an enzyme that does not completely enclose its substrate has evolved to achieve processive catalysis, and how interactions with DNA flanking the recognition site alter this processivity.
Relative Permeability Modifier Preflush Fracture-Stimulation Technique Results in Successful Completion of Previously Bypassed Intervals (2000)

Abstract A fracture-stimulation technique that includes an in-situ generated relative-permeability modifier (RPM) preflush has been used to tap previously bypassed reserves in an Argentina formation. The formation was reported to have high water-saturation levels. Fracture-stimulation treatments performed in similar intervals usually (1) intersect a stringer of water within the targeted interval, or (2) extend into the highly saturated areas above and/or below the interval. Water cuts as high as 60 to 70% have made production of such intervals uneconomical. A major operator has used the new RPM polymer-based preflush (PBP) technique on more than 15 wells in an Argentina formation. Data gathered from the first 3 months of production economically justify the stimulation treatments. In many cases, the treatment has limited water production to less than 15%, and some applications have reduced water production to negligible levels. This paper discusses the job design, field application, and results of several RPM preflush treatments performed in this area between 1997 and 1999.
Immune cell phenotype and functional defects in Netherton syndrome (2018)

This study shows novel quantitative and functional aberrations in several lymphocyte subpopulations, which correlate with the frequency of infections in patients with Netherton syndrome. IVIG therapy normalized some dysbalancies and was clinically beneficial.
Methyl palmitate prevents Kupffer cell activation and improves survival after orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat (1991)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether prevention of Kupffer cell activation following orthotopic liver transplantation improves postoperative survival. First, particle phagocytosis by Kupffer cells was monitored continuously from the uptake of colloidal carbon by the perfused liver. Unstored livers took up carbon at rates of around 150 mg/g per hour, whereas storage for 24 h in Euro-Collins solution nearly doubled values to about 290 mg/g per hour. Treatment of rats with methyl palmitate, an inhibitor of phagocytosis by Kupffer cells, reduced carbon uptake to about one-third to one-half of control values in unstored and stored livers, respectively. Oxygen uptake, which was increased about 25% in stored and unstored livers by infusion of colloidal carbon, was only increased 5%-10% in both groups following treatment with methyl palmitate, suggesting that Kupffer cell activation was prevented by methyl palmitate. In livers transplanted after storage for 6 h in Euro-Collins solution (nonsurvival conditions), control rats survived only about 12 h, while treatment with methyl palmitate increased survival time significantly--more than threefold--to about 40 h. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that activation of Kupffer cells following cold ischemic storage and reperfusion is an early event involved in liver graft failure.