gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffuse lamellar keratitis after epi-off corneal crosslinking: An under-recognized complication? (2019)

Epithelium-off CXL is used increasingly to treat post-LASIK ectasia. First, in this case, DLK occurred after epi-off CXL. We suggest careful scrutiny of such cases as DLK is difficult to identify after epi-off CXL. Second, the epi-off CXL was unsuccessful in stopping the post-LASIK ectasia. Transepithelial CXL successfully treated the ongoing ectasia after resolution of the DLK with no subsequent re-occurrence of DLK. We suggest that TE-CXL may provide a successful initial treatment for post-LASIK ectasia that also minimizes the epithelial disruption that can lead to DLK.
Abstract LB-258: Developing therapeutic siRNA against HER2 in breast cancer cells (2012)

Abstract Over-expression of oncogene HER2 was found in 20-30% primary breast cancers which involved in tumor initiation and progression. Breast cancer patients with high levels of HER2 (HER2 positive) showed poor clinical outcome. Increasing evidence indicated that the majority of patients with HER2 positive did not respond well to anti-HER2 drugs Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and Lapatinib. Even those who showed initial response ultimately became resistant to the treatment. The molecular mechanism of resistance includes the mutation of HER2 gene and the blocking of antigen of HER2 protein. The discovery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) raises the possibility of exploring new approach for cancer treatment. The siRNA against HER2 (siHER2) can reduce HER2 protein level by degrading mRNA expression. In our study, seventy-six siRNA sequences targeting the coding region of human HER2 gene were designed and synthesized. We quantified the RNA levels of HER2 and cell viability after HER2+ breast cancer cells (BT474, SkBr3 HCC1954) were transfected with siHER2 and scramble control siRNAs. Ten siRNA sequences were selected with greater than 50% knockdown efficiency and 40% inhibition of cell viability. We also measured the dose of 50% inhibition of cell growth (GI50) of top 5 siHER2 sequences in 20 HER2+ cell lines. The GI50 data showed that most of cell lines which were resistant to Trastuzumab were still sensitive to siHER2 treatment. Therefore, our data indicated that the siRNA against HER2 can potentially be used to overcome resistance of HER2 drugs, making it an alternative cancer therapeutic for HER2 positive patients. Currently, in vivo delivery of optimized siHER2 using nanoparticle is under evaluation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-258. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-258
Infrared look at the spectral effects of submicron confinements of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>gas (2016)

We have recorded, near 4.3 $\ensuremath{\mu}m$, transmission spectra of pure $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ gas inserted between the windows of an extremely thin absorption cell. This was done for three pressures using a Fourier transform spectrometer and five optical paths between 0.17 and 1.15 $\ensuremath{\mu}m$. For these conditions, the line broadening induced by molecule-surface collisions can be studied under ``clean'' confinement conditions, i.e., between two parallel well-polished crystal surfaces separated by a known distance. This is in opposition with previous investigations using porous materials which involve pores of unknown dimensions with corrugated inner surfaces of ill-defined shapes. The analysis of the spectra shows that the line broadening due to the collisions of the molecules with the cell windows is independent of the optical transition and inversely proportional to the confinement length. Furthermore, the measured values are quantitatively reproduced if one assumes that a single $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-surface collision is sufficient to interrupt the rotating-dipole coherence. This gives a proof, here for the $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-sapphire system, of an assumption proposed many years ago and opens promising perspectives for the optical probing of porous materials.
Modeling socially anhedonic syndromes: genetic and pharmacological manipulation of opioid neurotransmission in mice (2012)

Social anhedonia, or the diminished capacity to experience pleasure and reward from social affiliation, is a major symptom of different psychiatric disorders, including some forms of infantile autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The brain opioid hypothesis of social attachment is a promising model for achieving insights into how neurobiological and developmental factors contribute to the regulation of social reward. In this study, genetic knocking-out and naltrexone (NTRX) treatment during the first 4 days of life were used to disrupt opioid neurotransmission in mouse pups and their attachment relationships with the mother. Both permanent (genetic) and transient (pharmacological) manipulations of opioid neurotransmission exerted long-term effects on social affiliation. When juveniles, both μ-opioid receptor knockout mice and NTRX-treated pups showed reduced interest in peers and no preference for socially rewarding environment. These results demonstrate that sociability in juvenile mice is highly dependent on the establishment during infancy of a positive affective relationship with their mothers and that opioid neurotransmission has a major role in the regulation of social hedonic capacity. If the validity of this animal model will be confirmed by future research, translational studies focusing on the interaction between early experience and opioid neurotransmission could provide useful insights for identifying endophenotypes of human psychiatric disorders associated with social anhedonia.
The Modeling of Rubber Sealing Ring of Fluid Dynamic Pressure and Finite Element Analysis about Stress Based on SolidWorks and ANSYS (2012)

Hydrodynamic seal ring is based on the hydrodynamic effect of rotary shaft seal, Kalsi sealing ring is the typical type of products, and the design of sealing lip adopts unique waveform structure. Based on geometry analysis of the sealing ring, the 3D model of the ring was established by using SolidWorks software, and then the model was introduced into finite element software ANSYS, which was used to analyse stress for the Kalsi of rubber sealing ring. Through the analysis of the stress of rubber ring, the position of the maximum stress value of the rubber seal in hydrodynamic pressure was wave crest (valley) in the edge of the wave side. When the pressure of seal was 10MPa, the maximum value of stress of rubber sealing was up to 6.54MPa.
Multiscale Nature of Thixotropy and Rheological Hysteresis in Attractive Colloidal Suspensions under Shear (2019)

Colloids with short range attractions self-assemble into sample-spanning structures, whose dynamic nature results in a thermokinematic memory of the deformation history, also referred to as "thixotropy." Here, we study the origins of the thixotropic effect in these time- and rate-dependent materials by investigating hysteresis across different length scales: from particle-level local measurements of coordination number (microscale), to the appearance of density and velocity fluctuations (mesoscale), and up to the shear stress response to an imposed deformation (macroscale). The characteristic time constants at each scale become progressively shorter, and hysteretic effects become more significant as we increase the strength of the interparticle attraction. There are also strong correlations between the thixotropic effects we observe at each scale.
Advances in Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Reagents and Scavengers in Organic Synthesis (2014)

Functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) synthesized with specific desired chemical properties have shown promising results in various areas of organic synthesis. In supported organic synthesis, FILs have become known as a new alternative to commonly used PEG and fluorous soluble supports. This review summarizes the progress of recent development in the synthesis of functionalized ionic liquids with emphasis on their applications as reagents and scavengers in organic synthesis. Keywords: Functionalized ionic liquid, ionic liquid, reagents, scavenger and soluble support, supported reagents.
Palmitate Induces an Anti-Inflammatory Response in Immortalized Microglial BV-2 and IMG Cell Lines that Decreases TNFα Levels in mHypoE-46 Hypothalamic Neurons in Co-Culture (2018)

These results suggest a potential anti-inflammatory role of microglia towards the palmitate-induced neuroinflammation, and potentially energy homeostasis, in hypothalamic neurons.
Rethinking DRAM design and organization for energy-constrained multi-cores (2010)

DRAM vendors have traditionally optimized the cost-per-bit metric, often making design decisions that incur energy penalties. A prime example is the overfetch feature in DRAM, where a single request activates thousands of bit-lines in many DRAM chips, only to return a single cache line to the CPU. The focus on cost-per-bit is questionable in modern-day servers where operating costs can easily exceed the purchase cost. Modern technology trends are also placing very different demands on the memory system: (i)queuing delays are a significant component of memory access time, (ii) there is a high energy premium for the level of reliability expected for business-critical computing, and (iii) the memory access stream emerging from multi-core systems exhibits limited locality. All of these trends necessitate an overhaul of DRAM architecture, even if it means a slight compromise in the cost-per-bit metric. This paper examines three primary innovations. The first is a modification to DRAM chip microarchitecture that re tains the traditional DDRx SDRAMinterface. Selective Bit-line Activation (SBA) waits for both RAS (row address) and CAS (column address) signals to arrive before activating exactly those bitlines that provide the requested cache line. SBA reduces energy consumption while incurring slight area and performance penalties. The second innovation, Single Subarray Access (SSA), fundamentally re-organizes the layout of DRAM arrays and the mapping of data to these arrays so that an entire cache line is fetched from a single subarray. It requires a different interface to the memory controller, reduces dynamic and background energy (by about 6X), incurs a slight area penalty (4%), and can even lead to performance improvements (54% on average) by reducing queuing delays. The third innovation further penalizes the cost-per-bit metric by adding a checksum feature to each cache line. This checksum error-detection feature can then be used to build stronger RAID-like fault tolerance, including chipkill-level reliability. Such a technique is especially crucial for the SSA architecture where the entire cache line is localized to a single chip. This DRAM chip microarchitectural change leads to a dramatic reduction in the energy and storage overheads for reliability. The proposed architectures will also apply to other emerging memory technologies (such as resistive memories) and will be less disruptive to standards, interfaces, and the design flow if they can be incorporated into first-generation designs.
Motion correction algorithms for pediatric spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging (2012)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine a reliable motion correction method for pediatric spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and show effects of motion correction on DTI parameters in normal subjects and patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Images were corrected for motion using two types of transformation and three cost functions. Corrected images and transformations were examined quantitatively and qualitatively. FA and MD indices were calculated pre- and post-motion correction. Blinded evaluation of pre- and post-correction images showed significant improvement in corrected images (p<;0.0001). Statistically significant (p=0.02) decrease in FA (14-21%) was found in post correction images for SCI subjects, while normals showed minimal FA reduction (<;5%) and were not significant. Quantitative and qualitative analysis showed rigid scaled-least-squares registration to be effective and reliable.
Bioactive Nanocomposite Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels Crosslinked by Multifunctional Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocrosslinkers (2016)

Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogels have been widely used in many biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine due to their good biocompatibility and negligible immunogenicity. However, bioactivation of PEG hydrogels, such as conjugation of bioactive biomolecules, is usually necessary for cell-related applications. Such biofunctionalization of PEG hydrogels generally involves complicated and time-consuming bioconjugation procedures. Herein, we describe the facile preparation of bioactive nanocomposite PEG hydrogel crosslinked by the novel multifunctional nanocrosslinkers, namely polydopamine-coated layered double hydroxides (PD-LDHs). The catechol-rich PD-LDH nanosheets not only act as effective nanocrosslinkers reinforcing the mechanical strength of the hydrogel, but also afford the hydrogels with robust bioactivity and bioadhesion via the cortical-mediated couplings. The obtained nanocomposite PEG hydrogels with the multifunctional PD-LDH crosslinking domains show tunable mechanical properties, self-healing ability, and bioadhesion to biological tissues. Furthermore, these hydrogels also promote the sequestration of proteins and support the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells without any further bio-functionalization. Such facile preparation of bioactive and bioadhesive PEG hydrogels have rarely been achieved and may open up a new avenue for the design of nanocomposite PEG hydrogels for biomedical applications.
Optimizing investment decisions in selecting information security remedies (2011)

Purpose This paper proposes a new framework for optimizing investment decisions when deciding about information security remedies. Design/methodology/approach The framework assumes that the organization is aware of a set of remedies that can be employed to address end‐effects that have been identified. The framework also assumes that the organization defines its information security policy by setting a minimum level of protection for each end‐effect. Given the two sets of costs, that of the end‐effect and the potential damage it can cause and that of the remedy and the required level of protection from each end‐effect, this framework can be used to identify the optimal set of remedies for a given budget that complies with the organization's information security policy. The framework is illustrated using a practical example concerning investment decision optimization in a financial organization. Findings The paper shows that exhausting the information security budget does not assure a higher level of security required by the organisation. Practical implications Concentrating on end‐effects and on the organizational requirements eases the process of remedy selection. The proposed methodology circumvents the common process of assuming probabilities of information security events. Originality/value This research proposes a practical and an easily implementable framework, enabling the information security manager to align the information security remedies and best practice methodological requirements with organizational budget constraints and business requirements while maintaining a required level of security.
Regulatory Functions of Phospholipase A2 (2017)

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays crucial roles in diverse cellular responses, including phospholipid digestion and metabolism, host defense and signal transduction. PLA2 provides precursors for generation of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs), when the cleaved fatty acid is arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor (PAF) when the sn-1 position of the phosphatidylcholine contains an alkyl ether linkage and some bioactive lysophospholipids, such as lysophosphatidic acid (lysoPA). As overproduction of these lipid mediators causes inflammation and tissue disorders, it is extremely important to understand the mechanisms regulating the expression and functions of PLA2. Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology have enabled us to understand the molecular nature, possible function, and regulation of a variety of PLA2 isozymes. Mammalian tissues and cells generally contain more than one enzyme, each of which is regulated independently and exerts distinct functions. Here we classify mammalian PLA2s into three large groups, namely, secretory (sPLA2), cytosolic (cPLA2), and Ca2+-independent PLA2s, on the basis of their enzymatic properties and structures and focus on the general undestanding of the possible regulatory functions of each PLA2 isozyme. In particular, the roles of type II sPLA2 and cPLA2 in lipid mediator generation are discussed.
Primary Structure of 21 Novel Monoantennary and Diantennary N‐Linked Carbohydrate Chains from α<sub>D</sub>‐Hemocyanin of <i>Helix Pomatia</i> (1997)

The primary structures of 21 novel monoantennary and diantennary N-glycans of the glycoprotein alphaD-hemocyanin (alphaD-Hc) of Helix pomatia have been determined. Outer oligosaccharide fragments (antennae) were released from the glycoprotein by Smith degradation of an alphaD-Hc pronase digest. The major antenna, obtained following HPLC fractionation on Lichrosorb-NH2, was characterized using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, and linkage analysis, and corresponds to a pentasaccharide fragment. The intact carbohydrate chains of alphaD-Hc were released with peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase-F digestion, separated from the protein on Bio-Gel P-100, and subfractionated on Bio-Gel P-4. A portion of subfractions was reduced with sodium borodeuteride, and the non-reduced and reduced samples were further fractionated on CarboPac PA-1, Lichrosorb-NH2/Lichrosphere-NH2, and/or Lichrosphere-C18. Purified oligosaccharides and oligosaccharide-alditols were analyzed using 500/600-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. In total, four novel types of antenna were identified, namely, [structures: see text] which are all attached to O-2 of alphaMan residues of the trimannosyl-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose core element, which is generally beta-1,2-xylosylated and alpha-1,6-fucosylated, Man(alpha1-6)[Man(alpha1-3)][+/-Xyl(beta1-2)]Man(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-4) [+/-Fuc(alpha1-6)]GlcNAc.
The phase response of a rough rectangular facet for radar sounder simulations of both coherent and incoherent scattering (2022)

With radar sounders, coherent backscattering simulations from global planetary DEMs typically display a deficit in diffuse clutter, which is mainly due to the implicit assumption that roughness at scales below the resolution of the DEM is absent. Indeed, while polynomial approximations of the phase evolution across the facet allow for fast and mathematically rigorous simulators, the coarse resolution of these planetary DEMs leads to a potentially significant portion of the backscattering response being neglected. In this paper, we derive the analytical phase response of a rough rectangular facet characterised by Gaussian roughness and a Gaussian isotropic correlation function under the linear phase approximation. Formulae for the coherent and incoherent power scattered by such an object are obtained for arbitrary bistatic scattering angles. Validation is done both in isolation and after inclusion in different Stratton-Chu simulators. In order to illustrate the different uses of such a formulation, we reproduce two lunar radargrams acquired by the LRS instrument with a Stratton-Chu simulator incorporating the proposed rough facet phase integral, and we show that the original radargrams are significantly better-reproduced than with state-of-the-art methods, at a similar computational cost. We also show how the rough facet integral formulation can be used in isolation to better characterise subglacial water bodies on Earth.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Direct Borylation of Five‐Membered Heteroarenes by Bis(pinacolato)diboron: Regioselective, Stoichiometric, and Room Temperature Reactions (2003)

Abstract An iridium(I) complex generated from 1/2[Ir(OMe)(COD)] 2 and 4,4′‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine catalyzed the direct borylation of 2‐substituted thiophenes, furans and pyrroles in stoichiometric amounts relative to bis(pinacolato)diboron in hexane at room temperature. The heteroarylboronates from regioselective CH activation at the 5‐position were formed in high yields. Similar borylations of unsubstituted heteroarenes with an equimolar amount of the diboron regioselectively provided 2,5‐bis(boryl)heteroarenes.
Gas–solid interactions studied by quantitative powder X-ray diffraction analysis (1991)

An X-ray diffraction chamber suitable for the simultaneous, quantitative study of solid structure and product composition of stoichiometric and catalytic reactions between solids and gases is described. It may be attached to a conventional or rotating-anode laboratory-scale X-ray generator and to synchrotron sources. Some typical results obtained in the oxidative coupling of methane over lithium nickel oxide at 700 °C are cited (see also the following paper). Rietveld profile analysis of the diffraction patterns recorded using the chamber may be routinely carried out, especially with uniform heterogeneous catalysts.
Senescent Tumor Cells Are Frequently Present at the Invasion Front: Implications for Improving Disease Control in Patients with Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer (2023)

This proof-of-concept study shows that invading prostate cancer cells frequently show signs of cellular senescence. This finding may open new avenues for neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment concepts in men with locally advanced prostate cancer.
Real-time computational camera system for high-sensitivity imaging by using combined long/short exposure (2012)

In this study, we realize high-resolution (4K-format), small-size (1.43 x 1.43 &#956;m pixel pitch size with a single imager) and high-sensitivity (four times higher sensitivity as compared to conventional imagers) video camera system. Our proposed system is the real time computational camera system that combined long exposure green pixels with short exposure red / blue pixels. We demonstrate that our proposed camera system is effective even in conditions of low illumination.
Traditional Medicine in Syria: Folk Medicine in Aleppo Governorate (2011)

The use of Traditional Arabic Medicine (TAM) for various diseases has been popular but scarcely studied in Syria. In the present study, we carried out ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological research on the plants traditionally used to cure various diseases in northern Syria. The information was collected from the city and villages of the Aleppo governorate "Mohaafazah" in the north of Syria, collecting data directly on the basis of a detailed survey of inhabitants and herbalists. In this survey, we found that hundreds of plant species are still in use in TAM for the treatment of various diseases. We selected the most common 100 species, used in the treatment of more than 25 diseases. Among these plants, 53 are used for treating gastrointestinal disorders, 38 for respiratory system diseases, including asthma, bronchitis and cough, 34 for skin diseases, 21 for diabetes, 17 for kidney and urinary disorders, 16 for cardiac disorders, 14 for infertility and sexual impotency, 13 for treating liver diseases, 13 for several types of cancer, 9 for enhancing breast milk excretion, 8 for weight loss, 5 for reducing cholesterol, and three for weight gain. Plants were collected and identified: scientific Latin names, local names, the used parts of the plant, the herbal preparations and the local medical uses are described. Scientific literature concerning the activity of the investigated species is also reported and discussed according to their traditional uses.