gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From sequence to morphology - approaching the three-dimensional organization of the human genome. (2003)

To approach the three-dimensional organization of the human cell nucleus, the structural-, scalingand dynamic properties of interphase chromosomes and cell nuclei were simulated with Monte Carlo and Brownian Dynamics methods. The 30 nm chromatin fiber was folded according to the Multi-Loop-Subcompartment (MLS) model, in which ~100 kbp loops form rosettes, connected by a linker, and the Random-Walk/Giant-Loop (RW/GL) topology, in which 1-5 Mbp loops are attached to a flexible backbone. Both the MLS and the RW/GL model form chromosome territories but only the MLS rosettes result in distinct subcompartments visible with light microscopy and low overlap of chromosomes, -arms and subcompartments. This morphology and the size of subcompartments agree with the morphology found by expression of histone autofluorescent protein fusions and fluorescernce in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments. Even small changes of the model parameters induced significant rearrangements of the chromatin morphology. Thus, pathological diagnoses based on this morphology, are closely related to structural changes on the chromatin level. The position of interphase chromosomes depends on their metaphase location, and suggests a possible origin of current experimental findings. The chromatin density distribution of simulated confocal (CLSM) images agrees with the MLS model and with recent experiments. The scaling behaviour of the chromatin fiber topology and morphology of CLSM stacks revealed fine-structured multi-scaling behaviour in agreement with the model prediction. Review and comparison of experimental to simulated spatial distance measurements between genomic markers as function of their genomic separation also favour an MLS model with loop and linker sizes of 63 to 126 kbp. Visual inspection of the morphology reveals also big spaces allowing high accessibility to nearly every spatial location, due to the chromatin occupancy <30% and a mean mesh spacing of 29 to 82 nm for nuclei of 6 to 12 μm diameter. The simulation of diffusion agreed with this structural prediction, since the mean displacement for 10 nm sized particles of ~1 to 2 μm takes place within 10 ms. Therefore, the diffusion of biological relevant tracers is only moderately obstructed, with the degree of obstruction ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 again in experimental agreement. Corresponding author email contact: TA.Knoch@taknoch.org
The Push/Pull model of transactions (2015)

We present a general theory of serializability, unifying a wide range of transactional algorithms, including some that are yet to come. To this end, we provide a compact semantics in which concurrent transactions PUSH their effects into the shared view (or UNPUSH to recall effects) and PULL the effects of potentially uncommitted concurrent transactions into their local view (or UNPULL to detangle). Each operation comes with simple criteria given in terms of commutativity (Lipton's left-movers and right-movers). The benefit of this model is that most of the elaborate reasoning (coinduction, simulation, subtle invariants, etc.) necessary for proving the serializability of a transactional algorithm is already proved within the semantic model. Thus, proving serializability (or opacity) amounts simply to mapping the algorithm on to our rules, and showing that it satisfies the rules' criteria.
Costimulator dependence of lymphokine secretion by naive and activated CD4+ T lymphocytes from TCR transgenic mice. (1994)

The role of costimulation in Ag-induced responses of naive and differentiated IL-2 and IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells has been examined using cells from mice expressing a transgenic TCR specific for cytochrome c (81-104) + I-Ek. IL-2 secretion by naive and pre-activated T cells is dependent on costimulation, because it is not induced with chemically fixed APCs and is significantly inhibited by the B7 antagonist, CTLA4-Ig. In contrast, IL-4 secretion by in vitro differentiated Th2-like cells is relatively independent of costimulators. Thus, the requirement for costimulation is related more to lymphokine secretion profiles than to the previous activation status of CD4+ T lymphocytes.
Recent advances in IR semiconductor laser diodes and future trends (2011)

The wall plug efficiency of the mid-infrared quantum cascade laser in room temperature continuous wave (cw) operation is brought to 21%, with a maximum output power of 5.1 W. Using a surface grating distributed feedback (DFB) approach, we demonstrated 2.4 W single mode output in room temperature cw operation. With a photonic crystal distributed feedback (PCDFB) design, we achieved single mode spectrum and close to diffraction limited far field with a room temperature high peak power of 34 W.
Optical Layer Monitoring Schemes for Fast Link Failure Localization in All-Optical Networks (2010)

Optical layer monitoring and fault localization serves as a critical functional module in the control and management of optical networks. An efficient monitoring scheme aims at minimizing not only the hardware cost required for 100% link failure localization, but also the number of redundant alarms and monitors such that the network fault management can be simplified as well. In recent years, several optical layer monitoring schemes were reported for fast and efficient link failure localization, including simple, non-simple monitoring cycle (m-cycle) and monitoring trail (m-trail). Optimal ILP (Integer Linear Program) models and heuristics were also proposed with smart design philosophy on flexibly trading off different objectives. This article summarizes those innovative ideas and methodologies with in-depth analysis on their pros and cons. We also provide insights on future research topics in this area, as well as possible ways for extending the new failure localization approaches to other network applications.
Not all summary statistics are made equal: Evidence from extracting summaries across time (2015)

Over the past 15 years, a number of behavioral studies have shown that the human visual system can extract the average value of a set of items along a variety of feature dimensions, often with great facility and accuracy. These efficient representations of sets of items are commonly referred to as summary representations, but very little is known about whether their computation constitutes a single unitary process or if it involves different mechanisms in different domains. Here, we asked participants to report the average value of a set of items presented serially over time in four different feature dimensions. We then measured the contribution of different parts of the information stream to the reported summaries. We found that this temporal weighting profile differs greatly across domains. Specifically, summaries of mean object location (Experiment 1) were influenced approximately 2.5 times more by earlier items than by later items. Summaries of mean object size (Experiment 1), mean facial expression (Experiment 2), and mean motion direction (Experiment 3), however, were more influenced by later items. These primacy and recency effects show that summary representations computed across time do not incorporate all items equally. Furthermore, our results support the hypothesis that summary representations operate differently in different feature domains, and may be subserved by distinct mechanisms.
The longitudinal kinetics of antibodies in COVID-19 recovered patients over 14 months (2021)

Summary Here, we describe the longitudinal kinetics of the serological response in COVID-19 recovered patients over the period of 14 months. The antibody kinetics in a cohort of 200 recovered patients with 89 follow up samples at 2-4 visits reveal that RBD-specific antibodies decay over the period of 14 month following the onset of symptoms. The decay rate is associated with the robustness of the response thus, recovered patients that exhibit elevated antibody levels at the first visit, experience faster decay. We further explored the longitudinal kinetics differences between recovered patients and naïve BNT162b2 vaccinees. We found a significantly faster decay in naïve vaccinees compared to recovered patients suggesting that the serological memory following natural infection is more robust compared to vaccination. Our data highlights the differences between serological memory induced by natural infection vs. vaccination, facilitating the decision making in Israel regarding the 3 rd dose vaccination.
Pembrolizumab-combination therapy for previously untreated metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC: Real-world outcomes at US oncology practices (2022)

These findings demonstrate the benefits of first-line pembrolizumab-combination therapy for patients with <i>EGFR/ALK</i>-wild-type, metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC and good performance status who are treated at US community oncology clinics.
Superelastic collisions between slow electrons and excited Kr and Xe atoms. Possible reaction mechanism for rare-gas atoms (1984)

Measurements of the electron energy distribution in krypton and xenon afterglow plasmas are used to determine the rate coefficients for superelastic collisions between excited np5(n+1)s Kr or Xe atoms and thermal electrons. The rate coefficient for electron impact de-excitation of the state Kr 3P2 is beta e2=(1.5+or-0.2)*10-10 cm3 s-1, for Kr 3P1 it is beta e1=5.2*10-10 cm3 s-1, for Kr 3P0 it is beta e0=9.8*10-10 cm3 s-1, for Xe 3P2 it is beta e2=(3.2+or-0.5)*10-10 cm3 s-1 and for Xe 3P1 it is beta e1<1*10-9 cm3 s-1. It is also shown that if the energy of the incident electron is in the range 0-0.2 eV, a binding of this electron with the excited atom in an autodetachment state of the negative ion, followed by its decay, is a quite possible channel of the reaction.
Older adults with heart failure treated with carvedilol, bisoprolol, or metoprolol tartrate: risk of mortality (2016)

Our evidence suggests no differential effect of β-blockers on all-cause mortality among older adults with HF. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SimCare: A Model for Studying Physician Decisionmaking Activity (2005)

Abstract : A major factor that contributes to the high rates of medical error in the treatment of patients with diabetes and other chronic diseases is the complexity of the tasks that physicians must complete. SimCare is a model of the clinical care setting for patients with type 2 diabetes. The model was designed to support investigation of physician cognition and decisionmaking activity. SimCare is dynamic and interactive and simulates diabetes management in the office-practice setting. SimCare presents a series of cases based on clinical situations representing task features that are thought to be the source of both realistic care decisions and medical errors. Once a simulated clinical case is initiated, physicians select treatment options (termed moves) from an unguided set of choices similar to those available in routine office practice. The cumulative record of the chosen treatment moves is available for analysis and comparison with an expert's sequence of moves for each simulated patient. SimCare is potentially both an assessment and a teaching tool that enables the observation and analysis of decisionmaking in the simulated practice setting. This paper discusses the use of this tool to identify potential sources of medical errors and guide customized learning interventions designed to reduce them.
Cover Image, Volume 36, Issue 6 (2023)

The featured cover image is based on the Research Article Amine-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging in brain tumors by Nicholas S. Cho et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4785.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparative Syntheses of Optically Pure ortho‐Substituted Benzhydrols by Asymmetric Reductions of the Corresponding Benzophenones. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Compact Multi-Gas Monitor for Life Support Systems Control in Space: Evaluation Under Realistic Environmental Conditions (2014)

Tucson, Arizona
Recognition system for EMG signals by using non-negative matrix factorization (2004)

IN this paper, the feature vector of a few dimensions for the electromyograph (EMG) recognition systems is extracted. We aim at the construction of the comprehensive operation equipment to which the operation used frequently was summarized. Important frequency bands of EMG signals are selected by using a genetic algorithm. The EMG signals are a kind of the living organism signal. The EMG signals based on 7 operations at a wrist are measured and recognized. We perform a recognition experiment of EMG signals by neural network using the selected frequency band. We show the effectiveness of this method by means of computer simulations.
Dataglove for consumer applications (2011)

Sensory gloves are promising technologies for human/machine interface and sign language translation. For theses applications, all degrees of freedom of the human hand have to be monitored with a good precision. For now, there is no sensory glove on the market meeting these requirements at low cost for widespread consumer applications. This paper describes a prototype of low cost sensory glove based on coupling loss fiber optics flexion sensors.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of Genes Required for Protection from Doxorubicin by a Genome-Wide Screen in &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt; (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of Genes Required for Protection from Doxorubicin by a Genome-Wide Screen in &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt;
SHINJUDILACTONE, A NEW BITTER PRINCIPLE FROM <i>AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA</i> SWINGLE (1981)

Abstract Shinjudilactone, a new bitter principle with a new 13 [12→11α]abeo-picrasane skeletone, was isolated from root bark of Ailanthus altissima SWINGLE and the structure was determined.
Set Connectivity and Graph Orientation Theorems (2009)

For an undirected graph G, an orientation of G is defined as a digraph obtained by replacing each edge with an arc. In this paper, we discuss conditions for G to have an orientation that satisfies given demands on the edge-connectivity between disjoint vertex sets. 1
I betabloccanti nel post-infarto con funzione sistolica conservata: utili o ridondanti? (2022)

Given the lack of adequately sized randomized clinical trials (RCTs) testing the value of maintenance beta-blockers for post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients without reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and treated according to current standards, several observational studies have tried to address this highly relevant issue. However, results from observational studies have yielded opposite conclusions, with some suggesting that beta-blockers are associated with clinical benefit and others suggesting that they have no benefit. Due to the observational nature of these studies, the risk of bias is very high. In particular the existence of a confounding by indication factor is present when the prescription of the therapy is not random and is instead based on patients' clinical characteristics. Some randomness is needed to ensure that individuals with identical characteristics can be observed in both states (with or without beta-blockers). The only chance, therefore, to solve the question of benefits of beta-blockers is the execution of adequately sized RCTs. Currently, four large RCTs are ongoing in Europe, and, among them, the REBOOT-CNIC trial is already beyond three quarters of the expected cohort to be enrolled (6000/8648 revascularized MI patients without left ventricular dysfunction). An Italian cohort (1800 patients) will be included, enrolled by the Italian REBOOT Network. Enrollment is expected to be complete by the end of 2022, and the first results will become available by the end of 2025.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Combining Antibody-Directed Presentation of IL-15 and 4-1BBL in a Trifunctional Fusion Protein for Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 49KB, Comparison of the cytokine activity of RD_IL-15_scFv and scFv_RD_IL-15.&lt;/p&gt;
Molecular dosimetry of endogenous and ethylene oxide-induced N7-(2-hydroxyethyl) guanine formation in tissues of rodents (1999)

The formation of N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine (7-HEG) in DNA was investigated previously in target and non-target tissues of F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice exposed to >/=ISOdia>/=10 p.p.m. concentrations of ethylene oxide (EO) using fluorescence-linked high-performance liquid chromatography [V.E. Walker et al. (1992) Cancer Res., 52, 4238-4334]. In order to study the dose-responses for 7-HEG at lower exposures, a highly sensitive and specific gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) assay was developed. DNA was extracted from liver, brain, lung and spleen of B6C3F1 mice and F-344 rats exposed to 0, 3, 10, 33 or 100 p.p.m. EO for 4 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). Analysis of DNA from control rodents showed that endogenous 7-HEG varied from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 0.3 +/- 0.2 pmol/micromol guanine in tissues of rats and mice. 7-HEG exhibited tissue- and species-specific dose-response relationships in EO-exposed animals. Linear dose-response relationships were evident in mouse liver, brain and spleen at exposures between 3 and 100 p.p.m. Mouse lung exhibited a slightly sublinear response between 33 and 100 p.p.m. EO. The relationships were linear in liver and spleen of rats between 3 and 100 p.p.m. EO, but were slightly sublinear in brain and lung between 33 and 100 p.p.m. EO. The number of 7-HEG adducts present in rats exposed to 3 p.p.m. EO was 5.3-12.5 times higher than endogenous 7-HEG in unexposed controls. In contrast, mice exposed to 3 p.p.m. EO only had 1.3- to 2.5-fold greater numbers of 7-HEG adducts. The factors driving the exposure-response relationships are also likely to affect carcinogenic and mutagenic responses of rodents to EO. Likewise, a better understanding of the relationships between 7-HEG derived from low exposures to EO and endogenously formed 7-HEG may be important for the accurate extrapolation of risk to humans.
Vector Magnetic Characteristic Technology for Development of Super Premium Efficiency (IE4 Level) Motor (2012)

In this paper we will discuss about the development of IE4 level motor proposed by IEC, which is new target for international efficiencies. Efficiency classes IE1-IE4 are defined in international standard IEC 60034-30. The draft version of IEC 60034-31 defines the new class IE4. The IE-codes replaces the former voluntary Eff classification of electric motors as shown in Table I. The Eff classes are based on a voluntary agreement between the EU and the CEMEP in 1998.
Light Emission with Partial Discharge at the Stator Coil End of a Rotating Machine under Operating Temperature (2020)

Electric field grading system (SG system) is introduced to prevent partial discharge at the stator coil end of a rotating machine. The SG system consists of corona armor tape (CAT) and stress grading tape/paint (SGT/SGP). The CAT is a carbon-loaded highly-conductive tape and is wound over the main insulation. A SGT/SGP is a silicon carbide powder-loaded tape/paint with field-dependent conductivity and is wound over partially the end of CAT. In general, the conductivity of SGT/SGP also has temperature dependence, but has little field-dependence under higher temperature condition. The coil temperature under operating condition exceeds 100°C and this means the electric field on the coil end may increase due to the less non-linearity of SGT/SGP. When the temperature is high, the density of air decreases and surface discharge may occur easily even under the same field distribution. To examine this issue, light emission of partial discharge (PD) on a model bar system under 1-kHz AC voltage was observed by a photomultiplier tube and a digital camera equipped with an image intensifier. The temperature on SG system was set to 30, 70, and 100°C. Unexpectedly, light emission from PD became weaker and the light emission area became smaller as the temperature increased. Some reasonable explanations for this are as follows: the change in the occurrence phase of PD: and the amount of water contained in the vicinity of SG system surface. Although further investigation is required, but the unexpected increase in the PD pulses has not been observed so far within the measured range.
ATUM-based SEM for High-Speed Large-Volume Biological Reconstructions (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Avant-propos : Application de la démarche « Une seule santé » aux défis sanitaires, l’heure d’un bilan (2018)

Jestin André, Dupouy-Camet Jean. Avant-propos : Application de la démarche « Une seule santé » aux défis sanitaires, l’heure d’un bilan. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 171 n°2, 2018. pp. 85-86.
Pitch and loudness studies on a multipie-channel cochlear implant patient (1981)

Electrical stimuli, 300 ms in duration, were delivered to individual electrodes in the following two modes: (i) a single pulse per period (SPP), and (ii) multiple pulses occurring in the first half of each period (MPP), keeping the total charge delivered during the 300 ms constant. In the first study, subjective loudness as a function of current level and stimulus period were measured by magnitude estimation. For SPP, loudness was a power function of current level with exponent greater than 10. MPP was always louder than SPP with a greater difference at lower current levels. The variation of loudness with stimulus period was greater for SPP than MPP. In the second study, stimuli with periods between 1 and 12 ms were used. Ratio estimation with a fixed reference indicated pitch ratios varying over 1.5 to 2.0 decades for both modes. In the third study, a 2I-2AFC paradigm measured stimulus period difference limens in the range 2.0%–3.3% for a 10 ms period and 3.6%–5.8% for 5 ms. MPP limens were 0.5%–1.0% lower than SPP limens.
A 200 GHz Schottky Diode Quasi-Optical Detector Based on Folded Dipole Antenna (2009)

We report the development of quasi-optical Schottky diode detectors based on folded dipole antennas (FDAs) having high driving point impedances. For a prototype demonstration, we have designed a 200 GHz FDA on a silicon substrate with three turns and nearly 1100 Ω input impedance. For DC signal output, we designed a coplanar strip (CPS) low- pass filter which effectively suppresses the RF (200 GHz) current on the DC lines. The detector circuits are diced into octagons for alignment with the high resistivity silicon lens. Initial responsivity and antenna pattern measurements have been performed, and the results are presented. More research will be done to further optimize the detector design and performance.