gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Micro‐, Meso‐, and Macro‐Porous Silicon Layers (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Etch Cell: Materials and Construction Power Supply Other Supplies Safety Precautions and Handling of Waste Preparing HF Electrolyte Solutions Cleaning Wafers Prior to Etching Preparation of Microporous Silicon from a p-Type Wafer Preparation of Mesoporous Silicon from a p++-Type Wafer Preparation of Macroporous, Luminescent Porous Silicon from an n-Type Wafer (Frontside Illumination) Preparation of Macroporous, Luminescent Porous Silicon from an n-Type Wafer (Back Side Illumination) Preparation of Porous Silicon by Stain Etching Preparation of Silicon Nanowire Arrays by Metal-Assisted Etching References
Hydrides of Laves type Ti–Zr alloys with enhanced H storage capacity as advanced metal hydride battery anodes (2020)

The present work was focused on the studies of the effect of variation of stoichiometric composition of Ti–Zr based AB2±x Laves phase alloys by changing the ratio between A (Ti + Zr) and B (Mn + V + Fe + Ni) components belonging to both hypo-stoichiometric (AB1.90, AB1.95) and over-stoichiometric (AB2.08) alloys further to the stoichiometric AB2.0 composition to optimize their hydrogen storage behaviours and performances as the alloy anodes of nickel metal hydride batteries. AB2-xLa0.03 Laves type alloys (A = Ti0.15Zr0.85; B = Mn0.64–0.69V0.11–0.119Fe0.11–0.119Ni1.097–1.184; x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1) were arc melted and then homogenized by annealing. The studies involved probing of the phase-structural composition by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), together with studies of the microstructural state, hydrogen absorption–desorption and thermodynamic characteristics of gas–solid reactions and electrochemical charge-discharge performance, further to the impedance spectroscopy characterization. The alloys were probed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and XRD. These studies concluded that the alloys contained the main C15 FCC Laves type AB2 intermetallic co-existing with a secondary C14 hexagonal Laves phase and a small amount of LaNi intermetallic. The gaseous H storage capacity and electrochemical performances were found to be closely dependent on the stoichiometric compositions of the alloys. High discharge capacities approaching 500 mAh/g were achieved for the AB1.95 alloy. At 500 mA/g current density, the discharge capacity was maintained as high as 80%, with very low capacity retention after 500 cycles. The alloy which had the highest capacity retention after 500 cycles was found to be AB2.0 alloy. Furthermore, AB2.0 alloy showed an excellent cyclic stability together with a high hydrogen diffusion coefficient. Studies of hydrogen diffusion coefficients showed that annealing enhanced the H diffusion rates allowing advanced performance at high discharge current densities. This has been related to a higher content of C15 Laves compound which allows to reach a higher H mobility in contrast with higher storage capacity observed for the C14 Laves type polymorph.
Monomeric isomers of human interleukin 5 show that 1:1 receptor recruitment is sufficient for function (1997)

The normally dimeric human interleukin 5 (IL-5) was re-engineered into two monomeric isomer forms to investigate mechanistic features of receptor recognition. One form, denoted GM1-IL-5, is a CD-loop expanded form, in which an 8-residue linker designed for flexibility was inserted between residues 85 and 86. The second, denoted DABC-IL-5, is a circularly permuted form of human IL-5 in which a chain discontinuity was introduced in the CD loop and the two consequent chain fragments were joined at the normal N and C termini by a di-glycyl linker. Both IL-5 isomers folded into stable monomers in solution as shown by sedimentation equilibrium and CD and formed an intrachain disulfide bond predicted from the structure of wild type IL-5. From titration microcalorimetry and optical biosensor analyses, both monomers were shown to interact with the IL-5 receptor alpha chain with 1:1 stoichiometry and affinities 30- to 40-fold weaker than for the dimeric wild type protein. And both monomers stimulated cell proliferation of human IL-5 receptor positive cells with a concentration dependence close to that of wild type. The data show that both monomeric and dimeric forms of IL-5 function through similar 1:1 receptor alpha chain recruitment processes and that it is the helical packing of the monomeric four-helix bundle unit in IL-5, rather than the helical connectivity itself, that appears to play the major role in presenting structural epitopes to trigger functional receptor activation.
Field attenuation around inductive-power-transfer coils with dual-side-controlled converter (2017)

The stray magnetic field around inductive-power-transfer coils is influenced by the phases of the transmitter's and receiver's currents. This influence is analyzed with the diagrams of phasors for the currents and magnetic fields. The dual-side-controlled converter is applied for the circuit realization, in which the bridges with MOSFETs are used for the inverter on the transmitter side and rectifier on the receiver side. The magnitudes of windings' currents are controlled by the pulse-widths of the inverter voltage and rectifier voltage, and the currents' phases are controlled by the phases of the voltages. The field attenuation of this method was verified in finite-element simulation, with a series-series inductive power transfer system designed for 3.3 kW power transfer. In the conventional case with passive rectifier, the phase difference is 90° between the currents of transmitter and receiver. When the phase difference is decreased to 50° using the dual-side-controlled converter, the stray magnetic field is reduced by up to 30%.
Fabrication of GaAs-based integrated 2-bit half and full adders by novel hexagonal BDD quantum circuit approach (2002)

Ultrahigh-density, ultrahigh-speed and ultralow power consumption logic circuits beyond the Si CMOS LSI scaling limit, realized by high density integration of nanometer-scale quantum devices, are promising candidates for use in advanced information technology. This will also find applications in the emerging wide range nanotechnology area, covering chemistry and biology, for nano-sensing, nano-scale signal processing and nano-control. However, no realistic approach for quantum integrated circuits has been established so far. To overcome this situation, we have recently proposed a hexagonal binary decision diagram (BDD) quantum circuit approach for high density integration of III-V quantum devices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of the novel hexagonal BDD quantum circuit approach through fabrication of GaAs-based BDD 2-bit half adder and full adder circuits.
The role of deep learning in urban water management: A critical review (2022)

Deep learning techniques and algorithms are emerging as a disruptive technology with the potential to transform global economies, environments and societies. They have been applied to planning and management problems of urban water systems in general, however, there is lack of a systematic review of the current state of deep learning applications and an examination of potential directions where deep learning can contribute to solving urban water challenges. Here we provide such a review, covering water demand forecasting, leakage and contamination detection, sewer defect assessment, wastewater system state prediction, asset monitoring and urban flooding. We find that the application of deep learning techniques is still at an early stage as most studies used benchmark networks, synthetic data, laboratory or pilot systems to test the performance of deep learning methods with no practical adoption reported. Leakage detection is perhaps at the forefront of receiving practical implementation into day-to-day operation and management of urban water systems, compared with other problems reviewed. Five research challenges, i.e., data privacy, algorithmic development, explainability and trustworthiness, multi-agent systems and digital twins, are identified as key areas to advance the application and implementation of deep learning in urban water management. Future research and application of deep learning systems are expected to drive urban water systems towards high intelligence and autonomy. We hope this review will inspire research and development that can harness the power of deep learning to help achieve sustainable water management and digitalise the water sector across the world.
Mechanistic Basis for the Failure of Cone Transducin to Translocate: Why Cones Are Never Blinded by Light (2020)

The remarkable ability of our vision to function under ever-changing conditions of ambient illumination is mediated by multiple molecular mechanisms regulating the light-sensitivity of rods and cones. One such mechanism involves massive translocation of signaling proteins, including the G protein transducin, into and out of the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segment compartment. Transducin translocation extends the operating range of rods, but in cones transducin never translocates, which is puzzling because cones typically function in much brighter light than rods. Using genetically manipulated mice in which the rates of transducin activation and inactivation were altered, we demonstrate that, like in rods, transducin translocation in cones can be triggered when transducin activation exceeds a critical level essentially saturating the photoresponse. However, this level is never achieved in wild type cones: their superior ability to tightly control the rates of transducin activation and inactivation, responsible for avoiding saturation by light, also accounts for prevention of transducin translocation at any light intensity.
Conditioning by a Previous Experience Impairs the Rewarding Value of a Comfort Meal (2023)

gov ID: NCT04938934.
Multimedia for mobile environment: image enhanced navigation (2006)

As mobile systems (such as laptops and mobile telephones) continue growing, navigation assistance and location-based services are becoming increasingly important. Existing technology allow mobile users to access Internet services (e.g. email and web surfing), simple multimedia services (e.g. music and video clips), and make telephone calls. However, the potential of advanced multimedia services has not been fully developed, especially multimedia for navigation or location based services. At Purdue University, we are developing an image database, known as LAID, in which every image is annotated with its location, compass heading, acquisition time, and weather conditions. LAID can be used to study several types of navigation problems: A mobile user can take an image and transmit the image to the LAID sever. The server compares the image with the images stored in the database to determine where the user is located. We refer to this as the "forward" navigation problem. The second type of problem is to provide a "virtual tour on demand". A user inputs a starting and an ending addresses and LAID retrieves the images along a route that connects the two addresses. This is a generalization of route planning. Our database currently contains over 20000 images and covers approximately 25% of the city of West Lafayette, Indiana.
Polarized monolithic fiber oscillator for pico- and nanosecond operation at 2088 nm (Conference Presentation) (2019)

We present a turn-key pulsed polarized Holmium doped fiber source at 2088 nm. In our experimental setup we are utilizing an acousto-optic modulator as a mode-locker or Q-switch. The linear cavity is comprised of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pair with central wavelength of 2088 nm in a polarization maintaining passive fiber. The active fiber is polarization maintaining, doped with Holmium, and pumped with an in-house made Thulium doped fiber laser with an emission wavelength of 1940 nm and a maximum output power of more than 10 W. In q-switch operation it was possible to generate stable nanosecond pulses between 5 and 250 ns at repetition frequencies between 10 and 250 kHz. Shaping of the AOM driving signal allows for some modification of output pulse shape and its length. The maximum output energy was measured to be 0.5 µJ. In mode-locked operation the laser emitted pulses at 27.35 MHz repetition rate which corresponds to the optical cavity roundtrip time. The calculated band-width limited pulse width was approx. 13 ps (sech2) and the pulse energy was 0.5 nJ. In both operation regimes the signal quality was very high with optical signal-to-noise ratio greater than 50 dB without amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Similarly, the polarization extinction ratio (PER) was greater than 20 dB. The oscillator design is fully monolithic and polarization-maintaining. Its compactness, turn-key operation, and all-fiber design makes it a very promising platform for nonlinear frequency conversion.
Dual role of monolayer MoS2 in enhanced photocatalytic performance of hybrid MoS2/SnO2 nanocomposite (2016)

The enhanced photocatalytic performance of various MoS2-based nanomaterials has recently been observed, but the role of monolayer MoS2 is still not well elucidated at the electronic level. Herein, focusing on a model system, hybrid MoS2/SnO2 nanocomposite, we first present a theoretical elucidation of the dual role of monolayer MoS2 as a sensitizer and a co-catalyst by performing density functional theory calculations. It is demonstrated that a type-II, staggered, band alignment of ∼0.49 eV exists between monolayer MoS2 and SnO2 with the latter possessing the higher electron affinity, or work function, leading to the robust separation of photoexcited charge carriers between the two constituents. Under irradiation, the electrons are excited from Mo 4d orbitals to SnO2, thus enhancing the reduction activity of latter, indicating that the monolayer MoS2 is an effective sensitizer. Moreover, the Mo atoms, which are catalytically inert in isolated monolayer MoS2, turn into catalytic active sites, making the monolayer MoS2 to be a highly active co-catalyst in the composite. The dual role of monolayer MoS2 is expected to arise in other MoS2-semiconductor nanocomposites. The calculated absorption spectra can be rationalized by available experimental results. These findings provide theoretical evidence supporting the experimental reports and pave the way for developing highly efficient MoS2-based photocatalysts.
The path for metal complexes to a DNA target (2013)

The discovery of cisplatin as a therapeutic agent stimulated a new era in the application of transition metal complexes for therapeutic design. Here we describe recent results on a variety of transition metal complexes targeted to DNA to illustrate many of the issues involved in new therapeutic design. We describe first structural studies of complexes bound covalently and non-covalently to DNA to identify potential lesions within the cell. We then review the biological fates of these complexes, illustrating the key elements in obtaining potent activity, the importance of uptake and subcellular localization of the complexes, as well as the techniques used to delineate these characteristics. Genomic DNA provides a challenging but valuable target for new transition metal-based therapeutics.
Clinical associations of functional dyspepsia with gastric dysrhythmia on electrogastrography: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis (2021)

Abnormal gastric slow-wave rhythms are a consistent abnormality present in FD, as defined by EGG and, therefore, likely play a role in pathophysiology. The aberrant electrophysiology identified in FD warrants further investigation, including into underlying mechanisms, associated spatial patterns, and symptom correlations.
Photonic-Crystal Scintillators: Molding the Flow of Light to Enhance X-Ray and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>-Ray Detection (2020)

Scintillators are central for detection of γ-ray, x-ray, and high energy particles in various applications, all seeking higher scintillation yield and rate. However, these are limited by the intrinsic isotropy of spontaneous emission of the scintillation light and its inefficient outcoupling. We propose a new design methodology for scintillators that exploits the Purcell effect to enhance their light emission. As examples, we show 1D photonic crystals from scintillator materials that achieve directional emission and fivefold enhancement in the number of detectable photons per excitation.
The ZnGa2 O 4 Phosphor for Low‐Voltage Blue Cathodoluminescence (1991)

The phosphor has been investigated for its application to vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs) utilizing low‐voltage cathodoluminescence. It is expected that this oxide phosphor does not cause damage to filaments in VFD's, while it is a serious problem for conventional sulfide phosphors. This phosphor shows blue luminescence with a spectral peak at 470 nm and a chromaticity at and . A luminous efficiency of 0.7 lm/W has been obtained, when the VFD with this phosphor is operated at 30 V dc. The results of high‐temperature operating life test have proven the excellent stability of VFDs utilizing this phosphor.
Recovery and normalization of triple coincidences in PET (2015)

Recovering triple coincidences with the proposed method can effectively increase the sensitivity of current clinical and preclinical PET systems without compromising other parameters like spatial resolution or contrast.
Virtual RF ablation in a three-dimensional anatomical computer model of the atrium (1999)

Keywords: LTS1 Reference LTS-CONF-1999-034 Record created on 2006-06-14, modified on 2016-08-08
Structure−Property Correlation of CdSe Clusters Using Experimental Results and First-Principles DFT Calculations (2005)

Structures and properties of CdSe quantum dots (clusters) up to a diameter of approximately 2 nm were investigated by combining experimental absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies as well as ab initio DFT calculations. These CdSe clusters were nucleated and grown from solutions containing respective cadmium and selenium precursors following the hot-injection technique that allows one to obtain size-controlled CdSe clusters having PL efficiency up to 0.5. The DFT calculations were performed at the B3LYP/Lanl2dz level and followed by time-dependent TDDFT calculations to estimate n energy singlet transitions. On the basis of the results of these experimental and theoretical studies, an approach to determine whether the proposed cluster with a mean diameter of approximately 2 nm is more physically reasonable is discussed. It was shown that the minimum nucleus of a CdSe cluster consists of (CdSe)(3) with a six-membered ring and planar structure. No PL is observed for this structure. The formation of the next stable cluster depends on whether hexadecylamine (HDA) was used for the growth of the CdSe clusters. In the absence of HDA, the second cluster was found to be (CdSe)(6) characterized by a broad PL spectrum, while in the presence of HDA, it was found to be (CdSe)(n) (where n > or = 14) with a sharp PL spectrum.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Defects in the Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer Cells Stimulate Tumor Cell Invasion through DNA-PK and Rac1 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DNA-PK and Rac1 activity promote UM-SCC47 cell invasion.&lt;/p&gt;
P2–199: Grey matter loss in amnestic MCI according to the profile of memory impairment (2006)

Memory impairment in amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients can be either related to impaired recall or impaired storage. We examined the pattern of cortical atrophy of aMCI patients according to their profile of memory impairment. 28 aMCI patients and 28 controls underwent a visual recognition memory task (DMS48) sensible to impaired storage but not recall and brain imaging with MRI. Relative grey matter atrophy was assessed using a voxel–based morphometry approach performed on 3D–high resolution T1–weighted MR images. Relative to controls, the aMCI group as a whole showed grey matter loss within the right MTL, lateral temporal and parieto–temporal structures as well as frontal lobes. However, when comparing atrophy patterns of aMCI patients with different profiles of memory impairment, those who succeeded on the visual recognition memory task showed atrophy confined to frontal areas respecting the MTL, whereas aMCI patients failing this task had atrophy of the right MTL and posterior temporal as well as parietal cortices. MMSE and age did not differ between the two groups. This study shows that different profiles of memory impairment are associated with distinct patterns of GM loss in aMCI patients.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Cisplatin Hypersensitivity of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Is Determined by High Constitutive Noxa Levels Mediated by Oct-4 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 20K, Constitutive Noxa mRNA levels are maintained via Oct-4-dependent transcriptional mechanisms&lt;/p&gt;
Identification and characterization of the <i>Doublesex</i> gene and its mRNA isoforms in the brine shrimp <i>Artemia franciscana</i> (2023)

Doublesex (DSX) proteins are members of the Doublesex/mab-3-related (DMRT) protein family and play crucial roles in sex determination and differentiation among the animal kingdom. In the present study, we identified two Doublesex (Dsx)-like mRNA isoforms in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana (Kellogg 1906), which are generated by the combination of alternative promoters, alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation. The two transcripts exhibited sex-biased enrichment, which we termed AfrDsxM and AfrDsxF. They share a common region which encodes an identical N-terminal DNA-binding (DM) domain. RT-qPCR analyses showed that AfrDsxM is dominantly expressed in male Artemia while AfrDsxF is specifically expressed in females. Expression levels of both isoforms increased along with the developmental stages of their respective sexes. RNA interference with dsRNA showed that the knockdown of AfrDsxM in male larvae led to the appearance of female traits including an ovary-like structure in the original male reproductive system and an elevated expression of vitellogenin. However, silencing of AfrDsxF induced no clear phenotypic change in female Artemia. These results indicated that the male AfrDSXM may act as inhibiting regulator upon the default female developmental mode in Artemia. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assay analyses revealed that the unique DM domain of AfrDSXs can specifically bind to promoter segments of potential downstream target genes like AfrVtg. These data show that AfrDSXs play crucial roles in regulating sexual development in Artemia, and further provide insight into the evolution of sex determination/differentiation in sexual organisms.