gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Explaining Duality Without Complementarity or "Which Way" (Welcher-Weg) and Also Retro-Causality and Non-Locality (2017)

An Axiom is presented and justified which (a) Explains duality in interference without complementarity or “which way” (welcher-weg) observation (b) Shows the equivalence: Coherence and alignment ≡ Interference ≡ No “which way” observation; No coherence or alignment ≡ No interference ≡ “which way” observation (c) Explains Wheeler’s delayed choice thought experiment (d) Explains results of experimental implementations of Wheeler’s experiment which show retro-causality with and without entanglement (e) Explains non-local action at a distance, and (f) Rephrases Albert Einstein’s unanswered question “Is quantum mechanics complete?” at a more fundamental level than just duality and non-locality. The explanation given does not require that the particle (photon) somehow “know” about the test setup or “which way” observation or change its behavior from particle to wave and vice versa as required by currently accepted explanation based on Niels Bohr’s complementarity principle. No new assumptions are made, only a new complete interpretation of probability which is already a fundamental assumption of quantum mechanics.
Workshop on User-Centered Design of Language Archives: Audio 5 (2016)

This NSF-funded workshop initiated a research trajectory that brings the fields of language archives and user-centered design (UCD) into dialogue, with the goal of improving users’ experiences with language archives and making them more accessible and useful to diverse user groups. The workshop documented perspectives of key stakeholder groups and generated initial conceptual frameworks to guide further research. This audio file continues from Audio 2, further documenting presentations by workshop participants on the perspectives of stakeholder groups. It contains presentations by Crysta Metcalf, Santosh Basapur, and Shobhana Chelliah. This audio file also documents the beginning of the first workshop discussion topic. The topic was: who are users and how do they interact with language archives.
Use of genetically engineered lactic acid bacteria for the treatment of crohn's disease (2013)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that are naturally present in many foods and possess a wide range of therapeutic properties. Although probiotic effects are a strain dependent trait, using modern genetic engineering techniques it is theoretically possible to obtain strains that can exert a variety of beneficial properties. For example, the introduction of antioxidant enzyme genes or cytokine producing capabilities in current probiotic strains that have natural anti-inflammatory properties, such as the ability to modulate the immune dependent processes, could generate very useful strains that could be applied in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory bowel (IBD) diseases such as Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis. These strains could also be included in treatment protocols since it has been shown that probiotics can enhance the effectiveness of traditional IBD treatments. This chapter will present a brief overview of the current expanding knowledge of the mechanisms by which LAB participate in the prevention of inflammatory processes and the uses of engineering strategies for the development of new LAB that produce either antioxidant enzymes (such as catalase and superoxide dismutase) or anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-10). These novel strains could be used in new treatment protocols since they could enhance the effectiveness of traditional therapies.
Looking off effect - shift of face direction caused by a rotating object (2010)

[Purpose] Motion influences the perceived position of stationary objects in certain conditions. We found a similar phenomenon, where rotation signals in depth influence the direction of a briefly presented face image (looking off effect). When a rotating object is replaced by a face image, the face direction appears to shift in the rotation direction of the moving object. We examined whether the phenomenon is a variation of the 2D motion effect, whether it is local effect and whether it is face specific phenomenon. [Experiment] The rotating inducer was a 3D human head and the test stimulus was a 2D cartoon face or a wired object. In a trial, the inducer rotated around the vertical axis from one side to the other. When the inducer directed to the center (facing to the observer), a test stimulus replaced it briefly. The direction of the test stimulus varied between -4° and 4° and the observer responded the direction of the test (left or right). With in the method of constant stimuli, we measured the direction of the test object that appeared to be in straight ahead. [Results] The perceived straight direction of the test image was shifted in the direction of the inducer rotation. The effect was the larger for the face (2.0°) than for the wired object (1.2°). When an upside down face was used, the amount of the shift reduced (1.7°). Using the depth reversed wired object, we confirmed that the effect was in 3D. We also found no effect when the inducer and the test do not overlap in space. They indicate that the effect is neither specific to face nor a 2D phenomenon, although it may be stronger for face images. They suggest that the effect is related to spatial perception rather than object or face recognition.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediates mitogen-induced human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation (1999)

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are important pathological features that contribute to airflow obstruction in chronic severe asthma. Despite considerable research effort, the cellular mechanisms that modulate ASM growth remain unknown. Recent evidence suggests that mitogen-induced activation of phosphoinositide (PI)-specific phospholipase C (PLC) and PI-dependent calcium mobilization are neither sufficient nor necessary to stimulate human ASM proliferation. In this study, we identify phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase as a key regulator of human ASM proliferation. Pretreatment of human ASM with the PtdIns 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY-294002 significantly reduced thrombin- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced DNA synthesis (IC(50) approximately 10 nM and approximately 3 microM, respectively). In separate experiments, wortmannin and LY-294002 markedly inhibited PtdIns 3-kinase and 70-kDa S6 protein kinase (pp70(S6k)) activation induced by stimulation of human ASM cells with EGF and thrombin but had no effect on EGF- and thrombin-induced p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. The specificity of wortmannin and LY-294002 was further suggested by the demonstrated inability of these compounds to alter thrombin-induced calcium transients, total PI hydrolysis, or basal cAMP levels. Transient expression of constitutively active PtdIns 3-kinase (p110*) activated pp70(S6k), whereas a dominant-negative PtdIns 3-kinase (Deltap85) blocked EGF- and thrombin-stimulated pp70(S6k) activity. Collectively, these data suggest that activation of PtdIns 3-kinase is required for the mitogenic effect of EGF and thrombin in human ASM cells. Further investigation of the role of PtdIns 3-kinase may offer new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of diseases characterized by smooth muscle cell hyperplasia such as asthma and chronic bronchitis.
Effect of Combinations of Fish Meal and Feather Meal on Milk Fatty Acid Content and Nitrogen Utilization in Dairy Cows (2003)

The effect of supplemental fishmeal in combination with feathermeal at two different proportions in the diet on milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content was investigated. Recently, benefits to human health have been attributed to the consumption of this fatty acid, which is normally present in marine lipids. Six Holstein cows past peak lactation were used in a Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Fish- and feathermeals were prepared as pellets at 4:1 and 1:4 combinations and offered at 3.75, 11.75, and 27% of the diet. The supplements were top-dressed onto a basal diet based on corn silage that was progressively replaced by supplement. Nitrogen balance measures were made during the experiment because of the wide range in crude protein content of experimental diets. Milk protein content increased with level of supplementation in the diet reflecting the protein quality of the supplements used. There was overall higher milk DHA content when cows consumed the supplement containing more fishmeal than feather meal. Milk DHA content increased in a quadratic fashion, as more of either supplement was included in the diet. Apparent transfer efficiency of DHA from diet to milk declined with increasing amount of DHA in the diet. Results from this experiment suggest that transfer of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk may depend on diet composition and quantity present in the diet.
Assessment of the Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Raynaud's Phenomenon Questionnaire: Item Bank and <scp>Short‐Form</scp> Development (2022)

The ASRAP questionnaire has been developed with extensive SSc patient input, with items grounded in the lived experience of SSc-RP to ensure strong content validity, with a focus on how patients feel and function. An advanced psychometric approach with expert input has removed redundant and/or poorly fitting items without eroding content validity. Long- and short-form ASRAP questionnaires have been calibrated and scored to permit formal validation.
Quantitative analysis of cryptic splicing associated with TDP-43 depletion (2017)

Our quantitative analysis pipeline confirms the presence of cryptic exons during the depletion of TDP-43 but not FUS providing new insight into to RNA-processing dysfunction as a cause or consequence in ALS/FTD.
Optimized inkjet-printed silver nanoparticle films: theoretical and experimental investigations (2018)

We study the influence of inkjet printing scheme and sintering parameter on the electrical resistivity of multi-layer silver nanoparticle films. A central composite Design Of Experiments (DOE) is employed to maximize experimental efficiency and improve the statistical significance of parameter estimates. The resulting mathematical correlations allow to interpret the influence of the print and sintering parameters. Detailed inspection of the correlations reveals the existence of local extrema and indicates that a structured approach such as the DOE would be significantly more effective for fabricating films with a minimum of resistivity. Furthermore, we modify the well-known Fuchs-Sondheimer Mayadas-Shatzkes model to correlate the resistivity of a multi-layer nanoparticle film with the sintering temperature and time. The modified model uses literature data but one constant inferred from two experiments. After model adjustment, the resistivities of films fabricated with different parameters can be predicted with good accuracy. This validation tremendously increases applicability and relevance of the model.
Bent-beam strain sensors (1996)

We examine a new class of sensitive and compact passive strain sensors that utilize a pair of narrow bent beams with an apex at their mid-points. The narrow beams amplify and transform deformations caused by residual stress into opposing displacements of the apices, where vernier scales are positioned to quantify the deformation. An analytical method to correlate vernier readings to residual stress is outlined, and its results are corroborated by finite-element modeling. It is shown that tensile and compressive residual stress levels below 10 MPa, corresponding to strains below 6/spl times/10/sup -5/ can be measured in a 1.5-/spl mu/m-thick layer of polysilicon using a pair of beams that are 2 /spl mu/m wide, 200 /spl mu/m long, and bent 0.05 radians (2.86/spl deg/) to the long axis of the device. Experimental data is presented from bent-beam strain sensors that were fabricated from boron-doped single crystal silicon using the dissolved wafer process and from polycrystalline silicon using surface micromachining. Measurements from these devices agree well with those obtained by other methods.
Quantitative surface free energy with micro-colloid probe pairs (2023)

Measurement of the surface free energy (SFE) of a material allows the prediction of its adhesion properties. Materials can have microscale or sub-microscale surface inhomogeneities, engineered or random, which affect the surface macroscopic behaviour. However, quantitative characterization of the SFE at such length scales remains challenging in view of the variety of instruments and techniques available, the poor knowledge of critical variables and parameters during measurements and the need for appropriate contact models to derive the SFE from the measurements. Failure to characterize adhesion correctly may result in defective components or lengthy process optimization costing billions to industry. Conversely, for planar and homogeneous surfaces, contact angle (CA) measurements are standardized and allow for calculating the SFE using for example the Owen-Wendt model, relying only on the properties of the probing liquids. As such, we assessed and report here a method to correlate quantitative measurements of force-distance curves made with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and with silica and polystyrene (PS) colloidal probe pairs, with quantitative CA measurements and CA-derived SFE values. We measured five surfaces (mica, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, thermally grown silica on silicon, silicon, and silicon with a super-hydrophobic coating), ranging from hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic, and found an excellent classification of the AFM measurements when these are represented by a set of principal components (PCs), and when both silica and PS colloidal probes are considered together. A regression of the PCs onto the CA measurements allows recovery of the SFE at the length scale of the colloidal probes, which is here <i>ca.</i> 1 micron. We found that once the PC-regression model is built, test sets of only ten AFM force-distance curves are sufficient to predict the local SFE with the calibrated silica and PS colloidal probes.
Internetworking Approaches Towards Along-Track Segmented Satellite Architectures (2016)

International audience
β‐Lactam allergenic determinants: fine structural recognition of a cross‐reacting determinant on benzylpenicillin and cephalothin (2002)

Results confirmed that structural features as small as a methylene group may be allergenically important. In the present case, this group, making up only part of the different side-chains on benzylpenicillin and cephalothin, together with neighbouring structures extending toward the beta-lactam ring, accounted for the cross-reactivity seen between structures that, at first sight, appear to be not closely related. Such subtle, small, common structural features are likely to be immunologically recognized and implicated in allergic reactions to other drugs, including beta-lactam antibiotics.
REVISIONES El potencial de la inmunomodulación con anticuerpos monoclonales anti-CD137 (4-1BB) para terapia de enfermedades malignas e infecciones virales crónicas The immunotherapy potential of agonistic anti-CD137 (4-1BB) monoclonal antibodies for malignancies and chronic viral diseases (2006)

Pharmacological intervention on the immune system to achieve more intense lymphocyte responses has potential application in tumour immunology and in the treatment of chronic viral diseases. Immunostimulating monoclonal antibodies are defined as a new family of drugs that augment cellular immune responses. They interact as artificial ligands with functional proteins of the immune system, either activating or inhibiting their functions. There are humanized monoclonal antibodies directed to the inhibitory receptor CD152 (CTLA-4) that are being tested in clinical trials with evidence of antitumoural activity. As a drawback, anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies induce severe autoimmunity reactions in a fraction of the patients. Anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies have the ability to induce potent immune responses mainly mediated by cytotoxic lymphocytes with the result of frequent complete tumour eradications in mice. Comparative studies in experimental models indicate that the antitumour activity of anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies is superior to that of anti-CD152. CD137 (4-1BB) is a leukocyte differentiation antigen selectively expressed on the surface of activated T and NK lymphocytes, as well as on dendritic cells. Monoclonal antibodies acting as artificial stimulatory ligands of this receptor (anti-CD137 agonist antibodies) enhance cellular antitumoural and antiviral immunity in a variety of mouse models. Paradoxically, anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies are therapeutic or preventive in the course of model autoimmune diseases in mice. In light of these experimental results, a number of research groups have humanized antibodies against human CD137 and early clinical trials are about to start.
New perspectives for prostate cancer treatment:<i>in vitro</i>inhibition of LNCaP and PC3 cell proliferation by amnion-derived mesenchymal stromal cells conditioned media (2014)

Our study provide evidences that hAMSC microenvironment secretes soluble factors able to inhibit prostate cancer cells growth. This may represent a novel strategy to control proliferation of prostate cancer through modulation of the host microenvironment.
An embedded wireless system for remote monitoring of bridges (2008)

This paper describes an autonomous embedded system for remote monitoring of bridges. Salient features of the system include ultra-low power consumption, wireless communication of data and alerts, and incorporation of embedded sensors that monitor various indicators of the structural health of a bridge, while capturing the state of its surrounding environment. Examples include water level, temperature, vibration, and acoustic emissions. Ease of installation, physical robustness, remote maintenance and calibration, and autonomous data communication make the device a self-contained solution for remote monitoring of structural health. The system addresses shortcomings present in centralized structural health monitoring systems, particularly their reliance on a laptop or handheld computer. The system has been field-tested to verify the accuracy of the collected data and dependability of communication. The sheer volume of data collected, and the regularity of its collection can enable accurate and precise assessment of the health of a bridge, guiding maintenance efforts and providing early warning of potentially dangerous events. In this paper, we present a detailed breakdown of the system's power requirements and the results of the initial field test.
Accurate and Diverse Sampling of Sequences based on a "Best of Many"\n Sample Objective (2018)

For autonomous agents to successfully operate in the real world, anticipation\nof future events and states of their environment is a key competence. This\nproblem has been formalized as a sequence extrapolation problem, where a number\nof observations are used to predict the sequence into the future. Real-world\nscenarios demand a model of uncertainty of such predictions, as predictions\nbecome increasingly uncertain -- in particular on long time horizons. While\nimpressive results have been shown on point estimates, scenarios that induce\nmulti-modal distributions over future sequences remain challenging. Our work\naddresses these challenges in a Gaussian Latent Variable model for sequence\nprediction. Our core contribution is a "Best of Many" sample objective that\nleads to more accurate and more diverse predictions that better capture the\ntrue variations in real-world sequence data. Beyond our analysis of improved\nmodel fit, our models also empirically outperform prior work on three diverse\ntasks ranging from traffic scenes to weather data.\n
Estimation Of Time -Varying Linear Regression With Unknown Time -Volatility Via Continuous Generalization Of The Akaike Information Criterion (2009)

The problem of estimating time-varying regression is inevitably concerned with the necessity to choose the appropriate level of model volatility - ranging from the full stationarity of instant regression models to their absolute independence of each other. In the stationary case the number of regression coefficients to be estimated equals that of regressors, whereas the absence of any smoothness assumptions augments the dimension of the unknown vector by the factor of the time-series length. The Akaike Information Criterion is a commonly adopted means of adjusting a model to the given data set within a succession of nested parametric model classes, but its crucial restriction is that the classes are rigidly defined by the growing integer-valued dimension of the unknown vector. To make the Kullback information maximization principle underlying the classical AIC applicable to the problem of time-varying regression estimation, we extend it onto a wider class of data models in which the dimension of the parameter is fixed, but the freedom of its values is softly constrained by a family of continuously nested a priori probability distributions.
Comparison of magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) reconstruction algorithms (2010)

Several algorithms have been proposed for image reconstruction in MREIT. These algorithms reconstruct conductivity distribution either directly from magnetic flux density measurements or from reconstructed current density distribution. In this study, performance of all major algorithms are evaluated and compared on a common platform, in terms of their reconstruction error, reconstruction time, perceptual image quality, immunity against measurement noise, required electrode size. J-Substitution (JS) and Hybrid J-Substitution algorithms have the best reconstruction accuracy but they are among the slowest. Another current density based algorithm, Equipotential Projection (EPP) algorithm along with magnetic flux density based B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sub> Sensitivity (BzS) algorithm has moderate reconstruction accuracy. BzS algorithm is the fastest.
An insulin growth factor-I/II-neutralizing monoclonal antibody in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors potently inhibits tumor cell growth (2022)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-1 and IGF-II, which bind to the IGF receptor type 1 (IGF-1R) and the insulin receptor (IR), have been implicated in the growth, survival, and metastasis of tumor cells. We have previously identified a novel human monoclonal antibody (mAb), m708.5, which neutralizes both human IGF-I and IGF-II, and potently inhibits phosphorylation of the IGF-1R and the IR in breast cancer cells. In this study, m708.5 exhibited very strong synergy with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib, and synergy with chemotherapeutic agents <i>in vitro</i> against either neuroblastoma or breast cancer cells. In xenografted models, the combination of m708.5 and gefitinib significantly inhibited LAN-1 cell growth better than single agent alone. Taken together, these results support the clinical development of m708.5 for solid tumors with potential for synergy with chemotherapy and EGFR inhibitors.
Iron-binding characterization and polysaccharide production by Klebsiella oxytoca strain isolated from mine acid drainage (2009)

The data herein demonstrates that an interesting metal-binding molecule can be produced as a novel catalyst for a variety of potential applications and the EPS itself is a valuable source for rhamnose purification.
In Vivo Analysis of Vectors Involved in Pupil Constriction in Chinese Subjects with Angle Closure (2012)

Angle closure eyes have smaller AIS and larger APB in response to illumination as measured using AS-OCT videography. This shows that, comparatively, the iris of angle closure eyes stretches less and develops a more convex configuration in response to illumination.