gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Publisher Correction: Quantum coherence of multiple excitons governs absorption cross-sections of PbS/CdS core/shell nanocrystals (2018)

The original version of this Article contained an error in the seventh sentence of the second paragraph of the 'TA amplitudes for double pump-pulse excitation" section of the Results, which incorrectly read 'The absorption cross-sections of the transitions from the single exciton state to the biexciton and triexciton states are denoted by σ' and σ'', respectively.' The correct version states 'σ''' in place of 'σ'''.The ninth and tenth sentences of the same paragraph originally incorrectly read 'The most important issue of this work is to clarify whether the multiple exciton absorption cross-sections σ' and σ'' are equal to σ or not. The black dotted curves in Fig. 3b, c show the predicted results of the TA amplitudes by assuming identical cross-sections, i.e., σ = σ ' = σ'' = .' The correct version states 'σ' and σ'' are equal" instead of 'σ' and σ'' are equal' and 'σ = σ' = σ''' in place of 'σ = σ ' = σ'' = '.This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Fault Detection in a Wind Turbine Hydraulic Pitch System Using Deep Autoencoder Extracted Features (2022)

A wind turbine is equipped with lots of sensors whose measurements are recorded by the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and stored every 10 minutes. The pitch subsystem of a wind turbine is of critical importance as it presents the highest failure rate. Thus, selecting the most essential features from the SCADA system is performed in order to detect faults efficiently. In this study, a feature space of 49 features is available, referring to the condition of a hydraulic pitch system. The dimensionality of this feature space (original input space) is reduced using a Deep Autoencoder in order to extract latent information. The architecture of the Autoencoder is investigated regarding its efficiency on fault detection task. This way, effect of new extracted features on the performance of the classifier is presented. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is trained using a set of healthy (fault free) and faulty data, representing different kind of pitch system failures. The data are acquired from a wind farm of five 2.3MW fixed-speed wind turbines. The performance metric used to evaluate their effect on data is F1-score. Results show that SVM using new extracted feature by Autoencoder outperforms SVM classifier using the original feature set, underlining the power of Autoencoders to unveil latent information.
Day 15 Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratio Post-Autologous Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Predicts Survival in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (2017)

Background: Day 15 absolute lymphocyte count post-autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (APHSCT) is a prognostic factor for survival in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells affect the tumor growth by suppressing host immunity and promotion of tumor angiogenesis (tumor micro-environment). Goal: We set out to investigate if the lymphocyte to monocyte ratio at day 15 (LMR-15) as biomarker of host immunity and tumor micro-environment affect clinical outcomes in cHL post-APHSCT. From 1994 to June 2016, 208 cHL patients that underwent APHSCT were studied. Results: The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 45.1 months (range: .5-273.1 months) and for living patients (n = 147) was 61.2 months (range: 3.0-273.1 months). The day 100 transplant-related mortality was 1.4% (3/208). Patients with a LMR-15 ≥ 1.0 experienced superior overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), lymphoma-specific survival (LSS), and time to progression (TTP) compared with patients with a LMR-15 < 1[ OS, median was not reached versus 44 months, with a 5 years OS of 85%, 95% CI, 77%-91%, versus 49%, 95% CI, 37%-60%, P < .0001, respectively; PFS, median was not reached versus 11.1 months, with a 5 years PFS of 74%, 95% CI, 65%-82%, versus 25%, 95% CI, 17%-36%, P < .0001, respectively; LSS, median was not reached versus 56.4 months, with a 5 years LSS of 90%, 95% CI, 82%-95%, versus 49%, 95% CI, 38%-61%, P < .0001, respectively; and TTP, median was not reached versus 13.7 months, with a 5 years TTP of 79%, 95% CI, 70%-86%, versus 26%, 95% CI, 17%-38%, P < .0001, respectively]. Multivariate analysis showed that the LMR-15 was an independent prognostic factor for OS, PFS, LSS, and TTP post-APHSCT. Conclusion: LMR-15 is associated with clinical outcomes in cHL patients and provides a platform to develop therapeutic interventions to manipulate the LMR-15 to improve survival in cHL patients treated with APHSCT.
Association of Human iPSC Gene Signatures and X Chromosome Dosage with Two Distinct Cardiac Differentiation Trajectories (2019)

Despite the importance of understanding how variability across induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines due to non-genetic factors (clone and passage) influences their differentiation outcome, large-scale studies capable of addressing this question have not yet been conducted. Here, we differentiated 191 iPSC lines to generate iPSC-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (iPSC-CVPCs). We observed cellular heterogeneity across the iPSC-CVPC samples due to varying fractions of two cell types: cardiomyocytes (CMs) and epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs). Comparing the transcriptomes of CM-fated and EPDC-fated iPSCs, we discovered that 91 signature genes and X chromosome dosage differences are associated with these two distinct cardiac developmental trajectories. In an independent set of 39 iPSCs differentiated into CMs, we confirmed that sex and transcriptional differences affect cardiac-fate outcome. Our study provides novel insights into how iPSC transcriptional and X chromosome gene dosage differences influence their response to differentiation stimuli and, hence, cardiac cell fate.
Image Classification in Microwave Tomography using a Parametric Intensity Model (2021)

A study is conducted to investigate the use of a parametric intensity model for the process of image classification in biomedical microwave tomography (MWT). This process allows for extracting structural information about an object-of-interest (OI), which can be incorporated as prior information in an inversion algorithm. The parametric intensity model is based on a supervised Gaussian probabilistic model. The generated intensity model is used to classify three cross-sectional MWT images of human lower leg models. The classification is based on a Bayesian decision classifier. The resulting segments are used to extract structural information about the legs' contour.
Discussion (2014)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.
Effective Isolation of Retrotransposons and Repetitive DNA Families from the Wheat Genome (2010)

New classes of repetitive DNA elements were effectively identified by isolating small fragments of the elements from the wheat genome. A wheat A genome library was constructed from Triticum monococcum by degenerate cleavage with EcoO109I, the recognition sites of which consisted of 5'-PuGGNCCPy-3' multi-sequences. Three novel repetitive sequences pTm6, pTm69 and pTm58 derived from the A genome were screened and tested for high copy number using a blotting approach. pTm6 showed identity with integrase domains of the barley Ty1-Copia-retrotransposon BARE-1 and pTm58 showed similarity to the barley Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon Romani. pTm69, however, constituted a tandem array with useful genomic specificities, but did not share any identity with known repetitive elements. This study also sought to isolate wheat D-genome-specific repetitive elements regardless of the level of methylation, by genomic subtraction. Total genomic DNA of Aegilops tauschii was cleaved into short fragments with a methylation-insensitive 4 bp cutter, MboI, and then common DNA sequences between Ae. tauschii and Triticum turgidum were subtracted by annealing with excess T. turgidum genomic DNA. The D genome repetitive sequence pAt1 was isolated and used to identify an additional novel repetitive sequence family from wheat bacterial artificial chromosomes with a size range of 1 395-1 850 bp. The methods successfully led pathfinding of two unique repetitive families.
New leakage mechanism in sub-5-nm oxynitride dielectrics (1993)

Conduction current in thin (3.5–6.5 nm) oxynitride dielectrics prepared by rapid thermal annealing of SiO2 films in NH3 ambient at high temperature (1100 °C) is studied. Significantly high leakage currents at low fields and independent of temperatures has been observed in films with thickness of 4.5 nm or less. The enhanced conduction is proposed to be direct tunneling current via electron traps located in the dielectric film. This new leakage mechanism in sub-5-nm oxynitride dielectric is different from the thicker (5.5 nm or higher) films where the conduction is only slightly enhanced and is temperature dependent. This leakage mechanism could open new applications where significant tunneling current are needed for thicker (&amp;lt;5 nm) films.
Intrinsic Growth and Fermentation Rates of Alginate‐Entrapped <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1990)

Abstract Experiments were conducted under anaerobic conditions to determine the intrinsic specific rates of growth, glucose uptake, and ethanol production for Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in calcium alginate. The simultaneous processes of diffusion and reaction in an alginate membrane were analyzed to determine the intrinsic specific growth and reaction rates from glucose and ethanol concentration measurements made outside the alginate phase. Under anaerobic conditions, the specific growth rate of immobilized S. cerevisiae decreased by 20% compared to the growth rate for suspended cells. The specific glucose uptake rate and specific ethanol production rate increased by a factor of 4 compared to those for suspended cells. The ethanol yield remained the same, and the biomass yield decreased to one‐fifth the yield for suspended cells. Further experiments were conducted under aerobic conditions to investigate the effects of dissolved oxygen concentration on the specific rates of growth, glucose uptake, and ethanol production of immobilized S. cerevisiae. Although the obtained results cannot be interpreted unambiguously, oxygen appears to affect immobilized cells in a way similar to the way it affects suspended cells, while the observed differences between immobilized and suspended cells under anaerobic conditions remain the same in the presence of oxygen. Due to rate variability with oxygen, the obtained results are representative of average rate values. Experimental data and simulations indicate that glucose mitigates oxygen effects, yielding relatively small rate variations with aeration rates and relatively constant ethanol yields.
Selectivity Gains and Energy Savings for the Industrial Phenyl Boronic Acid Process Using Micromixer/Tubular Reactors (2004)

An industrial production-scale process currently conducted at Clariant site/Frankfurt, termed Phenyl Boronic Acid Process from here on, was investigated at laboratory-scale using two micromixer/tubular reactor configurations, being equipped with either a glass interdigital (for details see (1) Ehrfeld, W.; Golbig, K.; Hessel, V.; Löwe, H.; Richter, T. Characterization of mixing in micromixers by a test reaction: single mixing units and mixer arrays. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1999, 38, (3), 1075−1082; (2) Hessel, V.; Hardt, S.; Löwe, H.; Schönfeld, F. Laminar mixing in different interdigital micromixers - Part I: Experimental characterization. AIChE J. 2003, 49, 566−577; (3) Hardt, S.; Schönfeld, F. Laminar Mixing in Different Interdigital Micromixers - Part 2: Numerical Simulations. AIChE J. 2003, 49, 578−584; (4) Herweck, T.; Hardt, S.; Hessel, V.; Löwe, H.; Hofmann, C.; Weise, F.; Dietrich, T.; Freitag, A. Visualization of Flow Patterns and Chemical Synthesis in Transparent Micromixers. In Topical Conference Proceedings; IMRET 5, 5th International Conference on Microreaction Technology, AIChE Spring National Meeting; Matlosz, M., Ehrfeld, W., Baselt, J. P., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2001; pp 215−229) or a steel split-recombine mixer (for details see Schönfeld, F.; Hessel, V.; Hofmann, C. An Optimised Split-and-Recombine Micro Mixer with Uniform ‘Chaotic' Mixing. Lab Chip 2004, 4, 65−69). The best yield of the microreactor investigations was 89%, exceeding the performance of the industrially employed stirred-tank process by nearly 25%. Moreover, the total amount of side and consecutive products was decreased from 10−15% to 5−10%. In addition to these yield improvements, the energy expenditure of the microreactor processing was also notably reduced, first of all because of carrying out the reaction at favorable ambient temperature. In contrast, the former batch process had to be carried out at cryogenic temperatures of −35 °C. Even at temperatures as high as 50 °C, a high selectivity was maintained when using the microreactor. As a further cause for energy savings, the higher purity of the product eliminated the need for distillation; in total therefore, only one heating−cooling cycle with reduced temperature difference was required for the microreactor process in contrast to the three cycles with large temperature differences used in conventional processing. Facing production and process liability issues, a specially made pilot-scale configuration was constructed entirely out of stainless steel components, among them a split−recombine caterpillar mixer having larger internal fluid channels than the interdigital glass mixer. The new configuration allowed one to perform scale-up studies at throughputs as high as 10 L/h.
Multi-domain situational awareness for infrastructure monitoring (2023)

Apparatus and methods are disclosed for a monitoring system that integrates multi-domain data from weather, power, cyber, and/or social media sources to greatly increase situation awareness and drive more accurate assessments of reliability, sustainability, and efficiency in infrastructure environments, such as power grids. In one example of the disclosed technology, a method includes receiving real-time data from two or more different domains relevant to an infrastructure system, aggregating the real-time data into a unified representation relevant to the infrastructure system, and providing the unified representation to one or more customizable graphical user interfaces.
Unexpected Aggregation of Neutral, Xylene‐Cored Dinuclear Gd<sup>III</sup> Chelates in Aqueous Solution (2006)

We have synthesized ditopic ligands L(1), L(2), and L(3) that contain two DO3A(3-) metal-chelating units with a xylene core as a noncoordinating linker (DO3A(3-) = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetate; L(1) = 1,4-bis{[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-yl]methyl}benzene; L(2) = 1,3-bis{[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-yl]methyl}benzene; L(3) = 3,5-bis{[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-yl]methyl}benzoic acid). Aqueous solutions of the dinuclear Gd(III) complexes formed with the three ligands have been investigated in a variable-temperature, multiple-field (17)O NMR and (1)H relaxivity study. The (17)O longitudinal relaxation rates measured for the [Gd(2)L(1-3)(H2O)(2)] complexes show strong field dependence (2.35-9.4 T), which unambiguously proves the presence of slowly tumbling entities in solution. The proton relaxivities of the complexes, which are unexpectedly high for their molecular weight, and in particular the relaxivity peaks observed at 40-50 MHz also constitute experimental evidences of slow rotational motion. This was explained in terms of self-aggregation related to hydrophobic interactions, pi stacking between the aromatic linkers, or possible hydrogen bonding between the chelates. The longitudinal (17)O relaxation rates of the [Gd(2)L(1-3)(H2O)(2)] complexes have been analysed with the Lipari-Szabo approach, leading to local rotational correlation times tau(1)(298) of 150-250 ps and global rotational correlation times tau(g)(298) of 1.6-3.4 ns (c(Gd): 20-50 mM), where tau(1)(298) is attributed to local motions of the Gd segments, while tau(g)(298) describes the overall motion of the aggregates. The aggregates can be partially disrupted by phosphate addition; however, at high concentrations phosphate interferes in the first coordination sphere by replacing the coordinated water. In contrast to the parent [Gd(DO3A)(H2O)(1.9)], which presents a hydration equilibrium between mono- and dihydrated species, a hydration number of q = 1 was established for the [Ln(2)L(1-3)(H2O)(2)] chelates by (17)O chemical shift measurements on Ln = Gd and UV/Vis spectrophotometry for Ln = Eu. The exchange rate of the coordinated water is higher for [Gd(2)L(1-3)(H2O)(2)] complexes k(ex)(298) = 7.5-12.0 x 10(6) s(-1)) than for [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)](-). The proton relaxivity of the [Gd(2)L(1-3)(H2O)(2)] complexes strongly decreases with increasing pH. This is related to the deprotonation of the inner-sphere water, which has also been characterized by pH potentiometry. The protonation constants determined for this process are logK(OH) = 9.50 and 10.37 for [Gd(2)L(1)(H2O)(2)] and [Gd(2)L(3)(H2O)(2)], respectively.
Caspases and p53 modulate FOXO3A/Id1 signaling during mouse neural stem cell differentiation (2009)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons and glia, and a large percentage undergoes apoptosis. The engagement and activity of apoptotic pathways may favor either cell death or differentiation. In addition, Akt represses differentiation by up-regulating the inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1), through phosphorylation of its repressor FOXO3A. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cross-talk between apoptosis and proliferation during mouse NSC differentiation. We determined the time of neurogenesis and gliogenesis using neuronal beta-III tubulin and astroglial GFAP to confirm that both processes occurred at approximately 3 and 8 days, respectively. p-Akt, p-FOXO3A, and Id1 were significantly reduced throughout differentiation. Caspase-3 processing, p53 phosphorylation, and p53 transcriptional activation increased at 3 days of differentiation, with no evidence of apoptosis. Importantly, in cells exposed to the pancaspase inhibitor z-VAD.fmk, p-FOXO3A and Id1 were no longer down-regulated, p53 phosphorylation and transcriptional activation were reduced, while neurogenesis and gliogenesis were significantly delayed. The effect of siRNA-mediated silencing of p53 on FOXO3A/Id1 was similar to that of z-VAD.fmk only at 3 days of differentiation. Interestingly, caspase inhibition further increased the effect of p53 knockdown during neurogenesis. In conclusion, apoptosis-associated factors such as caspases and p53 temporally modulate FOXO3A/Id1 signaling and differentiation of mouse NSCs.
Integrating neuroinformatics tools in TheVirtualBrain (2014)

TheVirtualBrain (TVB) is a neuroinformatics Python package representing the convergence of clinical, systems, and theoretical neuroscience in the analysis, visualization and modeling of neural and neuroimaging dynamics. TVB is composed of a flexible simulator for neural dynamics measured across scales from local populations to large-scale dynamics measured by electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and core analytic and visualization functions, all accessible through a web browser user interface. A datatype system modeling neuroscientific data ties together these pieces with persistent data storage, based on a combination of SQL and HDF5. These datatypes combine with adapters allowing TVB to integrate other algorithms or computational systems. TVB provides infrastructure for multiple projects and multiple users, possibly participating under multiple roles. For example, a clinician might import patient data to identify several potential lesion points in the patient's connectome. A modeler, working on the same project, tests these points for viability through whole brain simulation, based on the patient's connectome, and subsequent analysis of dynamical features. TVB also drives research forward: the simulator itself represents the culmination of several simulation frameworks in the modeling literature. The availability of the numerical methods, set of neural mass models and forward solutions allows for the construction of a wide range of brain-scale simulation scenarios. This paper briefly outlines the history and motivation for TVB, describing the framework and simulator, giving usage examples in the web UI and Python scripting.
Geometric super-resolution on push-broom hyperspectral imaging for plasma optical emission spectroscopy (2018)

Sub-pixel shifting allows geometric super-resolution on a push-broom hyperspectral imaging system used for plasma OES.
Scandium function in “scandate” thermionic cathodes: A microspot synchrotron radiation x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of co-adsorbed Ba-Sc-O on W(100) (2019)

The coadsorption of barium, scandium, and oxygen on W(100) was investigated with microspot synchrotron radiation x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( μ-SRXPS) in the emission microscope at the electron-spectro-microscopy beam line at the National Synchrotron Light Source II. The Ba-Sc-O-W(100) system is a model for “scandate” thermionic electron emitters. The barium 4d, tungsten 4f, and scandium 3p (Sc3p) levels were observed after metal deposition and adsorption of oxygen. The initial deposits of metallic scandium and barium were confirmed with μ-SRXPS. After oxygen adsorption, the Sc3p peaks shifted to higher binding energy (by &amp;gt;4 eV), indicating the formation of Sc2O3 or a related compound. After heating to 800 °C, the barium 4d peaks were no longer observed. The shifted Sc3p peak was also absent. The results indicate that scandium acts as a cleaning agent to remove oxygen from the tungsten surface. The oxidized scandium is removed by reaction with barium and desorption below 800 °C. The temperature of desorption indicates that scandium does not remain on the surface at a temperature where a contribution to the reduction of the surface barrier to electron emission could be expected.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Selective Aldol Reactions of Amino Acid Ester Enolates. Application to the Synthesis of α‐Alkylated β‐Hydroxy Amino Acids. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of avalanche regime in InP HBT's using physical simulation - implementation in a DC model (2005)

This paper deals with the investigation of collector current I/sub c/ increase in InP/InGaAs/InP HBT designed for rapid digital signal processing in optical fibre telecommunication systems. Indeed, at high base-collector voltage, carrier generation by impact ionization as well as carrier tunnelling mechanisms in the multi-layer collector initiate I/sub c/ increase previous to the avalanche regime. Then, the characterisation of DC operation at low level injection allows to extract parameters which are included in a Gummel-Poon model modified to consider the impact ionisation influence. The physical simulation leads to identify parasitic elements as a current source accounting for carrier multiplication.