gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Summary Writing and Their Impact on Reading Comprehension Assessment. (1986)

This study examined several factors that may be involved in the writing of summaries and the impact of these factors on the use of summaries for reading comprehension assessment. Fifty-three seventh-grade subjects of average to above-average reading ability participated in the study. Data collection took place in four sessions over a one-week duration. Levels of prior knowledge and interest in a topic, as well as general writing ability, were assessed before subjects read the target passage. Subjects read a novel passage consisting of a five-page section of a chapter in their regularly-assigned American history text. After reading, subjects wrote, in counterbalanced order, both a free recall and a summary of the passage. After a second reading, subjects answered 15 passage-dependent, multiple-choice questions. In addition, recent scores on a standardized test of reading comprehension were obtained for each subject. Data from the free recalls and summaries were analyzed in three ways. First, a multivariate analysis of variance, with repeated measures on free recalls and summaries, was performed. Next, a standard regression analysis was undertaken, using scores from the prior knowledge, topic interest, and writing ability measures as predictor variables for the free recall and summary scores. Finally, Pearson product-moment correlations coefficients were calculated for both free recalls and summaries with multiple-choice questions scores and scores on the standardized reading comprehension test. MANOVA results revealed a significant main effect for Task, and follow-up univariate tests indicated significant differences between free recalls and summaries for number of idea units and proportion of important idea units included. The regression analysis revealed that prior knowledge, topic interest, and writing ability may play at least a partial role in the writing of summaries. Finally, correlation analyses indicated that summaries measure at least some of the same aspects of reading comprehension as multiple-choice questions and standardized tests. Implications for instruction and direction for further research are cited.
M-Lab (2022)

Measurement Lab (M-Lab) is an open, distributed server platform on which researchers have deployed measurement tools. Its mission is to measure the Internet, save the data and make it universally accessible and useful. This paper serves as an update on the MLab platform 10+ years after its initial introduction to the research community [5]. Here, we detail the current state of the M-Lab distributed platform, highlights existing measurements/data available on the platform, and describes opportunities for further engagement between the networking research community and the platform.
CEP-32496: A Novel Orally Active BRAFV600E Inhibitor with Selective Cellular and <i>In Vivo</i> Antitumor Activity (2012)

Mutations in the BRAF gene have been identified in approximately 7% of cancers, including 60% to 70% of melanomas, 29% to 83% of papillary thyroid carcinomas, 4% to 16% colorectal cancers, and a lesser extent in serous ovarian and non-small cell lung cancers. The V600E mutation is found in the vast majority of cases and is an activating mutation, conferring transforming and immortalization potential to cells. CEP-32496 is a potent BRAF inhibitor in an in vitro binding assay for mutated BRAF(V600E) (K(d) BRAF(V600E) = 14 nmol/L) and in a mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated (ER) kinase (MEK) phosphorylation (pMEK) inhibition assay in human melanoma (A375) and colorectal cancer (Colo-205) cell lines (IC(50) = 78 and 60 nmol/L). In vitro, CEP-32496 has multikinase binding activity at other cancer targets of interest; however, it exhibits selective cellular cytotoxicity for BRAF(V600E) versus wild-type cells. CEP-32496 is orally bioavailable in multiple preclinical species (>95% in rats, dogs, and monkeys) and has single oral dose pharmacodynamic inhibition (10-55 mg/kg) of both pMEK and pERK in BRAF(V600E) colon carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Sustained tumor stasis and regressions are observed with oral administration (30-100 mg/kg twice daily) against BRAF(V600E) melanoma and colon carcinoma xenografts, with no adverse effects. Little or no epithelial hyperplasia was observed in rodents and primates with prolonged oral administration and sustained exposure. CEP-32496 benchmarks favorably with respect to other kinase inhibitors, including RAF-265 (phase I), sorafenib, (approved), and vemurafenib (PLX4032/RG7204, approved). CEP-32496 represents a novel and pharmacologically active BRAF inhibitor with a favorable side effect profile currently in clinical development.
순수 물과 에탄올 산화 탄소나노유체의 열전도도 및 점도 특성 비교 연구 (2012)

Nanofluids are advanced concept fluid that solid particles of nanometer size are stably dispersed in fluid likes water, ethylene glycol and others. They have higher thermal conductivities than base fluids. If using this characteristic, efficiencies of heat exchangers can be increased. Therefore in this study, we measured thermal conductivity and viscosity of carbon nanofluids. They were made to ultra sonic dispersed oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(OMWCNTs) in distilled water and ethanol, respectively. The mixture ratios of OMWCNTs were from 0.0005 vol% ∼ 0.1 vol%. Thermal conductivity and viscosity was measured by transient hot-wire method and rotational viscometer. The results of an experiment are as in the following : thermal conductivity of the 0.1 vol% pure-water nanofluid improved 7.98% (10℃), 8.34% (25℃), and 9.14% (70℃), and its viscosity increased by 37.08% (10℃), 33.96% (25℃) and 21.64% (70℃) than the base fluids. Thermal conductivity of the 0.1 vol% ethanol nanofluids improved 33.72% (10℃), 33.14% (25℃), and 32.25% (70℃), and its viscosity increased by 35.12% (10℃), 32.01% (25℃) and 19.12% (70℃) than the base fluids.
Enabling Complex Stimuli in Accelerated Mixed-Signal Simulation (2019)

In the era of advancing technology, increasing circuit complexity requires faster simulators for the verification step. The piece-wise linear simulation approach provides an efficient and accurate solution. In this paper, a state-of-the-art mixed-signal simulator is explained. The approach is extended to new exponential and quadratic stimuli. This requires a comprehensive derivation of mathematical equations, which remove the need for computationally expensive evaluation. The new stimuli are simulated in several circuits and compared to a conventional simulator. The result shows significant run-time acceleration with high accuracy. Therefore, it meets the industrial requirement, which demands simulation with various input forms and non-linear components.
Pulsed Electric Propulsion Thrust Stand Calibration Method (2011)

The evaluation of the performance of any propulsion device requires the accurate measurement of thrust. While chemical rocket thrust is typically measured using a load cell, the low thrust levels associated with electric propulsion (EP) systems necessitate the use of much more sensitive measurement techniques. The design and development of electric propulsion thrust stands that employ a conventional hanging pendulum arm connected to a balance mechanism consisting of a secondary arm and variable linkage have been reported in recent publications by Polzin et al. These works focused on performing steady-state thrust measurements and employed a static analysis of the thrust stand response. In the present work, we present a calibration method and data that will permit pulsed thrust measurements using the Variable Amplitude Hanging Pendulum with Extended Range (VAHPER) thrust stand. Pulsed thrust measurements are challenging in general because the pulsed thrust (impulse bit) occurs over a short timescale (typically 1 micros to 1 millisecond) and cannot be resolved directly. Consequently, the imparted impulse bit must be inferred through observation of the change in thrust stand motion effected by the pulse. Pulsed thrust measurements have typically only consisted of single-shot operation. In the present work, we discuss repetition-rate pulsed thruster operation and describe a method to perform these measurements. The thrust stand response can be modeled as a spring-mass-damper system with a repetitive delta forcing function to represent the impulsive action of the thruster.
Magnetic Recording Assisted by Spin-Transfer-Torque-Induced Magnetization Reversal and Dynamics (2021)

With the requirement of increasing data areal density in hard disk drive (HDD) recording, one of the main applied approaches that effectively reduce recording bit size is to incorporate a spin transfer torque (STT) device in the magnetic writer, either to reverse a magnetic layer in the device in order to guide the magnetic flux of the writer pole more concentrated towards the into and out-of air bearing surface (ABS) directions [1] , or to drive a magnetic layer into large angle oscillations for a sufficiently large radiofrequency (rf) field in the media to realize the assist [2] . Micromagnetic simulations of the magnetic device inside the write gap (WG) between the main writer pole and its magnetic shield with an alternating write gap field, were conducted incorporating STT interactions between the magnetic layers. Modeling results for understanding assist performance optimized by STT device design from these two main approaches are discussed in this talk.
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for human erythrocyte beta-spectrin. (1987)

Spectrin is an important structural component of the membrane skeleton that underlies and supports the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonidentical alpha (Mr 240,000) and beta (Mr 220,000) subunits, each of which contains multiple homologous 106-amino acid segments. We report here the isolation and characterization of a human erythroid-specific beta-spectrin cDNA clone that encodes parts of the beta-9 through beta-12 repeat segments. This cDNA was used as a hybridization probe to assign the beta-spectrin gene to human chromosome 14 and to begin molecular analysis of the gene and its mRNA transcripts. RNA transfer blot analysis showed that the reticulocyte beta-spectrin mRNA is 7.8 kilobases in length. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA revealed the presence of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) within the beta-spectrin gene locus. The isolation of human spectrin cDNA probes and the identification of closely linked RFLPs will facilitate analysis of mutant spectrin genes causing congenital hemolytic anemias associated with quantitative and qualitative spectrin abnormalities.
Simulation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Microstructure Evolution Using Phase Field Method (2013)

A phase field method is used to simulate the microstructural evolution of nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia composite anode of solid oxide fuel cell based on three-dimensional microstructures reconstructed by focused ion beam-scanning-electron-microscopy technique. By implementing efficient semi-implicit Fourier spectral method in the phase field simulation with different periodic boundary conditions, the computation efficiency is improved in orders of magnitude. In order to quantitatively study the correlation between the anode microstructure evolution and the resulting electrochemical performance degradation, the evolution of three-phase boundary and nickel specific surface area are calculated. Degradation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the simulation results. By choosing an appropriate value for mobility in the simulation, predicted and experimental results showed good agreement.
Modulation of endogenous IL-1 β and IL-1 receptor antagonist results in opposing effects on HIV expression in chronically infected monocytic cells (1996)

A proportion of HIV-infected individuals experience episodes of localized or systemic bacterial infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Many of the clinical side effects of these infections are associated with the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which are induced primarily by LPS, a constituent of the bacterial cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. The present study examines the mechanisms involved in LPS-mediated induction of HIV expression in U1 cells, a promonocytic cell line chronically infected with HIV. Stimulation of U1 cells by LPS alone induced minimal levels of HIV expression, which was significantly enhanced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Costimulation of U1 cells with LPS plus GM-CSF resulted in the accumulation of steady-state levels of HIV RNA; however, only a weak induction of HIV long terminal repeat-driven transcription, which was not associated with the activation of the cellular transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B, was noted. Costimulation of cells with LPS plus GM-CSF induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-8, IL-1 beta and IL-6, but not TNF-alpha. IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) inhibited LPS enhancement of HIV expression in GM-CSF-stimulated cells, suggesting that endogenous IL-1 was involved in LPS-mediated viral production. In this regard, anti-inflammatory cytokines inhibited LPS plus GM-CSF-stimulated HIV expression, and this effect closely correlated with inhibition of IL-1 beta release and, in particular, with up-regulation of endogenous IL-1ra production. Thus, the balance between an endogenously produced viral inducer (IL-1 beta ) and an inhibitor (IL-1ra) may represent an important pathway leading to modulation of HIV expression from monocytic cells.
Sterile Filtration and Virus Filtration (2000)

Drug sterility is a critical requirement in the pharmaceutical industry. Virus removal or inactivation is also required for biologically derived therapeutics (e.g., monoclonal antibodies, recombinant gene proteins, and plasma components). Membrane filtration is attractive for both bacterial removal and viral clearance because it is simple to operate and causes minimal damage, even for products that are highly labile to heat, radiation, or chemical treatment.
Pairs of cyclic AMP analogs, that are specifically synergistic for type I and type II cAMP‐dependent protein kinases, mimic thyrotropin effects on the function, differentiation expression and mitogenesis of dog thyroid cells (1989)

The role of the two different isozymes of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase is still unclear. We have investigated the potential roles for each isozyme in dog thyroid cells, a model in which the function, expression of differentiation and proliferation are positively regulated by thyrotropin acting through cyclic AMP. The dog thyroid contains both type I and type II cAMP-dependent protein kinases. These isozymes were selectively activated in vitro by type-I-directed and type-II-directed analog pairs. In thyroid slices, both type-I directed and type II-directed analog pairs synergistically activated thyroid hormone synthesis, as measured by incorporation of 131I into proteins and thyroid hormone secretion as determined by the release of butanol-extractable 131I. In primary cultures of dog thyroid cells both isozyme-directed analog pairs synergistically enhanced iodide trapping, a marker of differentiation, and DNA synthesis, as measured by the percentage of cells incorporating [3H]thymidine into their nuclei. However, DNA synthesis was more sensitive to type-I-directed pairs. The results demonstrate that both cAMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes can mediate the action of cAMP on function, differentiation expression and cell proliferation in dog thyroid cells.
Front Cover: A Kinetic Photometric Assay for the Quantification of the Open‐Chain Content of Aldoses (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 18/2021) (2021)

The Front Cover shows two fishermen fishing for the rare fish, eager for the risky treat. Various species are differently eager to give in to temptation, much like various aldoses substantially differ in their open-chain content (OCC) and consequently in their ease to react as aldehydes. The OCC represents the very small proportions of the aldehyde form (<1%), which is in equilibrium with the dominant ring forms. Accurate measurement of these OCCs was now accomplished by an operationally simple UV-based kinetic (ABAO) assay which furnished OCC values of all native parent aldoses in full consistency with the more complicated literature gold standard. Cover image designed and illustrated by Thomas Blaukovitsch. More information can be found in the Communication by C. Stanetty et al.
Simulating Soft Tissue With a Tactile Shape Display (1997)

Abstract One of a surgeon’s most important tools is a highly developed sense of touch. Surgeons rely on sensations from the fingertips to guide manipulation and to perceive a wide variety of anatomical structures and pathologies. One important property used to assess the health of organs and tissues is compliance, which surgeons normally obtain by squeezing or indenting with their fingers.
A Multi-modal Sensing Framework for Human Activity Recognition. (2015)

Robots for the elderly are a particular category of home assistive robots, helping people in the execution of daily life tasks to extend their independent life. Such robots should be able to determine the level of independence of the user and track its evolution over time, to adapt the assistance to the person capabilities and needs. We present an heterogeneous information management framework, allowing for the description of a wide variety of human activities in terms of multi-modal environmental and wearable sensing data and providing accurate knowledge about the user activity to any assistive robot. Copyright © 2015 for the individual papers by the papers' authors.
Figure S2 from Extrachromosomal DNA Amplification Contributes to Small Cell Lung Cancer Heterogeneity and Is Associated with Worse Outcomes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation of ecDNA in SCLC, related to Figure 2&lt;/p&gt;
Discovering Connected Objects in the Criminal Investigations (2020)

More and more things around us are becoming digital and connected to the Internet. This market ranges from smart devices, wellness and health control to smart cities. This development offers to malicious parties the possibility of carrying out attacks, directly impacting the consumers of these new services. Thus, the connected objects are actors or witnesses of events that have occurred. This opens up a challenge for security and forensic investigations on the Internet of Things (IoT).In this article, we present the problem of finding connected objects on an offence scene. In the absence of a technical solution, the investigators limit themselves to a manual search. Hidden objects are often neither detected nor found. Thus, we aim to give a clear and precise image of the current devices. We also want to determine their position.This work focuses on the study of the digital signature of the scene and the radio frequency characteristics of the objects. To understand the electromagnetic environment, we use a software defined radio (SDR) and we develop several tools: a sensor for a single protocol and a mesh network of sensors. The SDR returns the used frequencies. The single receiver offers a global mapping of the environment on a given protocol. The multi-sensor mesh network gives a precise and targeted vision of the infrastructure connected to several protocols and frequencies. We propose to assess the relevance of the measurement methods in relation to operational needs, on the basis of a use case and feedbacks.
On the information in spike timing: neural codes derived from\n polychronous groups (2018)

There is growing evidence regarding the importance of spike timing in neural\ninformation processing, with even a small number of spikes carrying\ninformation, but computational models lag significantly behind those for rate\ncoding. Experimental evidence on neuronal behavior is consistent with the\ndynamical and state dependent behavior provided by recurrent connections. This\nmotivates the minimalistic abstraction investigated in this paper, aimed at\nproviding insight into information encoding in spike timing via recurrent\nconnections. We employ information-theoretic techniques for a simple reservoir\nmodel which encodes input spatiotemporal patterns into a sparse neural code,\ntranslating the polychronous groups introduced by Izhikevich into codewords on\nwhich we can perform standard vector operations. We show that the distance\nproperties of the code are similar to those for (optimal) random codes. In\nparticular, the code meets benchmarks associated with both linear\nclassification and capacity, with the latter scaling exponentially with\nreservoir size.\n
FT‐Raman characterization of the antipodal bis‐adduct of C<sub>60</sub> and anthracene (2009)

Abstract We studied the mono‐ and the antipodal bis‐adduct of C 60 and anthracene with FT‐Raman spectroscopy. Due to the reduced symmetry, the adducts have a much larger number of Raman‐active modes than C 60 with its icosahedral symmetry. Especially interesting is the fact that in the region of the C 60 pentagonal pinch mode (PPM) the adducts show two strong peaks, of which the higher one is almost at the same frequency as the C 60 mode and the lower one is downshifted by 5.4 and 10.5 cm −1 for the mono‐ and bis‐adduct, respectively. The higher frequency peak could be explained by a degradation of the adducts into C 60 . However, calculated Raman spectra of the pure adducts also show two strong peaks in the PPM region, of which the higher frequency one is not PPM related. Finally, the C–H vibrations are the only clear evidence for anthracene in the adduct spectra.
Dynamic Matrix Control of an Airfoil for Wind Turbine Application (2017)

This paper presents a model based concept for controlling the lift force of an airfoil, which depends on the angle of attack. This dependency holds a nonlinear behavior for angles of attack with separated flow. Such nonlinearity is modeled as a Wiener model. In order to output constant lift force, the Dynamic Matrix Controller using linearizing pre-compensation method is implemented. The control simulations performed in closed-loop with the software Ansys Fluent presented here significant results. The long term goal of this concept is to be used to control wind turbines airfoils, in order to increase the energy captured.
Two-dimensional multiple wavelength tunable surface-emitting laser arrays (1991)

Wavelength multiplexing and tuning capabilities are highly important for applications in optical interconnects and optical communications using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). We review novel methods and experimental results to achieve these functions in vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL), we believe for the first time. By implementing spatially chirped layers in the laser cavities and obliquely aligning the array axes to the thickness chirp direction, we obtained 7 × 20 VCSEL array emitting 140 unique, non-redundant, controllable, uniformly separated single-mode wavelengths. A large total wavelength span of 43 nm is obtained without compromising the performance of the lasers. Moreover, our techniques are generic and can be readily extended to other wavelength regimes. In addition, we describe our work on wavelength-tunable VCSELs with a 1.8-nm (~540 GHz) continuous tuning and no mode hopping. The laser output power remains nearly constant throughout the tuning range. The wavelength tuning speed is ~400 ns. The multiple wavelength tunable laser arrays are promising for achieving ultrahigh bandwidth (hundreds Gbit/sec to Tbit/sec), high redundancy and reliability, reconfigurable optical networks.