gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from PHLPP2 Downregulation Contributes to Lung Carcinogenesis Following B[a]P/B[a]PDE Exposure (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The carcinogenic capacity of B[a]P/B[a]PDE is supported by epidemiologic studies. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for B[a]P/B[a]PDE-caused lung cancer have not been well investigated. We evaluated here the role of novel target PHLPP2 in lung inflammation and carcinogenesis upon B[a]P/B[a]PDE exposure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We used the Western blotting, RT-PCR, [&lt;sup&gt;35&lt;/sup&gt;S]methionine pulse and immunohistochemistry staining to determine PHLPP2 downregulation following B[a]P/B[a]PDE exposure. Both B[a]PDE-induced Beas-2B cell transformation model and B[a]P-caused mouse lung cancer model were used to elucidate the mechanisms leading to PHLPP2 downregulation and lung carcinogenesis. The important findings were also extended to &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; human studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We found that B[a]P/B[a]PDE exposure downregulated PHLPP2 expression in human lung epithelial cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and in mouse lung tissues &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. The ectopic expression of PHLPP2 dramatically inhibited cell transformation upon B[a]PDE exposure. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-205 induction was crucial for inhibition of PHLPP2 protein translation by targeting &lt;i&gt;PHLPP2&lt;/i&gt;-3′-UTR. Interestingly, PHLPP2 expression was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) expression, with low PHLPP2 and high TNFα expression in lung cancer tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal lung tissues. Additional studies revealed that PHLPP2 exhibited its antitumorigenic effect of B[a]P/B[a]PDE through the repression of inflammatory TNFα transcription.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our studies not only first time identify PHLPP2 downregulation by lung carcinogen B[a]P/B[a]PDE, but also elucidate a novel molecular mechanisms underlying lung inflammation and carcinogenesis upon B[a]P/B[a]PDE exposure. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(16); 3783–93. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Sonic hedgehog regulation of human rhabdosphincter muscle:Potential implications for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (2018)

The SHH pathway was identified in human RS. RS growth increased with SHH treatment, indicating intervention may be possible to enhance RS regeneration, and impact SUI. Peptide amphiphile delivery of SHH may be applicable for RS regeneration and SUI prevention.
Designed Patterning of Mesoporous Metal Films Based on Electrochemical Micelle Assembly Combined with Lithographical Techniques (2019)

Mesoporous noble metals and their patterning techniques for obtaining unique patterned structures are highly attractive for electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and optoelectronics device applications owing to their expedient properties such as high level of exposed active locations, cascade electrocatalytic sites, and large surface area. However, patterning techniques for mesoporous substrates are still limited to metal oxide and silica films, although there is growing demand for developing techniques related to patterning mesoporous metals. In this study, the first demonstration of mesoporous metal films on patterned gold (Au) substrates, prefabricated using photolithographic techniques, is reported. First, different growth rates of mesoporous Au metal films on patterned Au substrates are demonstrated by varying deposition times and voltages. In addition, mesoporous Au films are also fabricated on various patterns of Au substrates including stripe and mesh lines. An alternative fabrication method using a photoresist insulating mask also yields growth of mesoporous Au within the patterning. Moreover, patterned mesoporous films of palladium (Pd) and palladium-copper alloy (PdCu) are demonstrated on the same types of substrates to show versatility of this method. Patterned mesoporous Au films (PMGFs) show higher electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and higher sensitivity toward glucose oxidation than nonpatterned mesoporous Au films (NMGF).
High strain Peano-HASEL actuators (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators provide a framework to create soft robots with excellent strength, speed, and versatility. Peano-HASEL actuators produce fast and powerful linear contraction and achieve a maximum strain of ~15%. However, skeletal muscle achieves ~20% strain on average. Here, high strain Peano-HASELs (HS-Peano-HASELs) are introduced that achieve linear contraction up to ~ 24%. We investigate a wide range of performance metrics for HS-Peano-HASELs constructed with different materials and geometries. Furthermore, HS-Peano-HASELs are used as a tubular pump, resembling the primordial heart of an ascidian. Additionally, a strain amplifying pulley system is introduced to increase the maximum strain to ~42%.
Propagation Channel Models for Next-Generation Wireless Communications Systems (2014)

As new systems and applications are introduced for next-generation wireless systems, the propagation channels in which they operate need to be characterized. This paper discusses propagation channels for four types of next-generation systems: (i) distributed Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Cooperative MultiPoint (CoMP) systems, which require the characterization of correlation between channels from a mobile station to different base stations or access points; (ii) device-to-device communications, where propagation channels are characterized by strong mobility at both link ends (e.g., in vehicle-to-vehicle communications), and/or significant impact of moving shadowing objects; (iii) full-dimensional MIMO, where antenna arrays extend in both the horizontal and vertical dimension, so that azimuthal and elevation dispersion characteristics of the channel become relevant, and (iv) millimeter wave Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and cellular communication systems, where the high carrier frequency leads to a change (compared to microwave communications) concerning which propagation processes are dominant. For each of these areas, we give an overview of measurements and models for key channel properties. A discussion of open issues and possible future research avenues is also provided.
Aerosols that form subvisible cirrus at the tropical tropopause (2010)

Abstract. The composition of residual particles from evaporated cirrus ice crystals near the tropical tropopause as well as unfrozen aerosols were measured with a single particle mass spectrometer. Subvisible cirrus residuals were predominantly composed of internal mixtures of neutralized sulfate with organic material and were chemically indistinguishable from unfrozen sulfate-organic aerosols. Ice residuals were also similar in size to unfrozen aerosol. Heterogeneous ice nuclei such as mineral dust were not enhanced in these subvisible cirrus residuals. Biomass burning particles were depleted in the residuals. Cloud probe measurements showing low cirrus ice crystal number concentrations were inconsistent with conventional homogeneous freezing. Recent laboratory studies provide heterogeneous nucleation scenarios that may explain tropopause level subvisible cirrus formation.
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (<i>IDH1</i>) Mutation in Breast Adenocarcinoma Is Associated With Elevated Levels of Serum and Urine 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2014)

Mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) genes have been discovered across a range of solid-organ and hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, glioma, chondrosarcoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. An intriguing aspect of IDH-mutant tumors is the aberrant production and accumulation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which may play a pivotal oncogenic role in these malignancies. We describe the first reported case of an IDH1 p.R132L mutation in a patient with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast adenocarcinoma. This patient was initially treated for locally advanced disease, but then suffered a relapse and metastasis, at which point an IDH1-R132 mutation was discovered in an affected lymph node. The mutation was subsequently found in the primary tumor tissue and all metastatic sites, but not in an uninvolved lymph node. In addition, the patient's serum and urine displayed marked elevations in the concentration of 2-HG, significantly higher than that measured in six other patients with metastatic HR+ breast carcinoma whose tumors were found to harbor wild-type IDH1. In summary, IDH1 mutations may impact a rare subgroup of patients with breast adenocarcinoma. This may suggest future avenues for disease monitoring through noninvasive measurement of 2-HG, as well as for the development and study of targeted therapies against the aberrant IDH1 enzyme.
The Influence of Cell-Matrix Attachment and Matrix Development on the Micromechanical Environment of the Chondrocyte in Tissue-Engineered Cartilage (2014)

Insufficiency of mechanical properties of tissue-engineered (TE) cartilage grafts is still a limiting factor for their clinical application. It has been shown that mechanostimulation of chondrocytes enhances synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) and thereby improves the mechanical properties of the grafts. However, the optimal mechanical loading required to stimulate chondrocytes for sufficient matrix synthesis is still unknown. The properties of the pericellular matrix (PCM) and the ability of the chondrocytes to attach to its adjacent matrix may importantly determine the stimulation of the cell in loaded tissue. The aim of the present study is to numerically investigate the influence of tissue development and cell-matrix attachment on the mechanical environment of a chondrocyte embedded in agarose. Mechanical environment inside TE constructs is evaluated and compared with that in native cartilage under 10% unconfined compression. A multiscale finite element modeling approach in conjunction with a validated nonlinear fiber-reinforced poroviscoelastic swelling cartilage model is used. Results indicate that without cell attachment, excessive local strains may be induced in the cell. With PCM development and the establishment of focal adhesions at the cell surface, the cell is strained more homogenously upon external loading. However, compared with chondrocytes in native cartilage, the transmission of the external compression to the cells in TE constructs is less. This suggests that, over time, the loading magnitude may be increased to continue stimulation of chondrocytes at the physiological or even higher levels to possibly enhance matrix synthesis. These findings improve our insights into the micromechanical environment of cells in tissue engineering cultures.
The effect of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on human metabolite rhythms (2016)

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A millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna based on Silicon-On-Glass (SOG) technology (2016)

This paper presents a simple, low-cost, and high efficiency dielectric resonator antenna operating at 70 GHz. The proposed antenna is implemented based on a newly developed Silicon-On-Glass (SOG) technology. The maximum achieved gain is 8.8 dBi with the side-lobe level of 9.1 dB. The simulated radiation efficiency of the antenna is larger than 96%.
Définition des engrenages Klingelnberg (2002)

Les engrenages spiro-coniques sont largement utilisés dans les boites de transmission des moyens de transport. Leurs rôles sont d'assurer une transmission de haute puissance entre les axes concourants. L'introduction des machines numériques en fabrication, des machines à mesurer et des logiciels d'éléments finis conduisent à repenser le développement des engrenages spiro-coniques.Cette thèse est consacrée aux engrenages spiro-coniques du système Cyclo-Palloïd Klingelnberg. La surface de denture est générée sur un cône. La courbure directrice est épicycloïdale et la hauteur de denture est constante. Sur la base des études de recherches existantes et de la théorie, la géométrie de la denture est déterminée. La génération de la denture et le calcul de contact sont réalisés par une simulation numérique. Les caractères d'engrènement envisagés sont : la portée, l'erreur cinématique et le glissement. Le contact à vide est simulé en fonction des corrections ou des désalignements. Les analyses sous charge sont réalisées par des calculs analytiques issus de la théorie de Hertz. Les surfaces de denture réelle sont mesurées, et un contact à faible puissance a été déterminé par un banc d'essais afin de valider la simulation.Ainsi ce travail a permis de formaliser les réglages de la machine du système Cyclo-Palloïd Klingelnberg pour optimiser les dentures et le fonctionnement de ces engrenages.
Low-dose anisomycin sensitizes melanoma cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis (2013)

Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce apoptosis in malignant cells while leaving normal cells unharmed, making it a desirable anticancer target. In the present study, metastatic melanoma cell lines were treated with lexatumumab (Human Genome Sciences, Inc.) a high-affinity monoclonal antibody agonistic to TRAIL receptor 2 (DR5). Binding of the antibody to the receptor led to activation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in approximately 20% of the treated cells. However, by combining subtoxic concentrations of the protein translation inhibitor anisomycin with lexatumumab, we obtained synergistic effects on cell viability compared with single agent treatment. Even the low doses of anisomycin could inhibit protein synthesis in melanoma cells with up to 30%, which might result in the shift in the levels of the proteins involved in apoptosis. Co-treatment with anisomycin increased activation of caspases and cleavage of the anti-apoptotic protein Livin, leading to formation of truncated p30-Livin α and p28-Livin β proteins with potential pro-apoptotic functions. Furthermore, ansiomcycin treatment decreased levels of antiapototic XIAP. In summary our results suggest that combinational treatment with anicomycin and lexatumumab represents a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of melanoma.
A region-based gene association study combined with a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis identifies SMG1 as a pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene (2019)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) is a lethal malignancy that is familial or associated with genetic syndromes in 10% of cases. Gene-based surveillance strategies for at-risk individuals may improve clinical outcomes. However, familial PC (FPC) is plagued by genetic heterogeneity and the genetic basis for the majority of FPC remains elusive, hampering the development of gene-based surveillance programs. The study was powered to identify genes with a cumulative pathogenic variant prevalence of at least 3%, which includes the most prevalent PC susceptibility gene, BRCA2. Since the majority of known PC susceptibility genes are involved in DNA repair, we focused on genes implicated in these pathways. We performed a region-based association study using the Mixed-Effects Score Test, followed by leave-one-out characterization of PC-associated gene regions and variants to identify the genes and variants driving risk associations. We evaluated 398 cases from two case series and 987 controls without a personal history of cancer. The first case series consisted of 109 patients with either FPC (n = 101) or PC at ≤50 years of age (n = 8). The second case series was composed of 289 unselected PC cases. We validated this discovery strategy by identifying known pathogenic BRCA2 variants, and also identified SMG1, encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase, to be significantly associated with PC following correction for multiple testing (p = 3.22x10-7). The SMG1 association was validated in a second independent series of 532 FPC cases and 753 controls (p<0.0062, OR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.17-3.03). We showed segregation of the c.4249A>G SMG1 variant in 3 affected relatives in a FPC kindred, and we found c.103G>A to be a recurrent SMG1 variant associating with PC in both the discovery and validation series. These results suggest that SMG1 is a novel PC susceptibility gene, and we identified specific SMG1 gene variants associated with PC risk.
Síntese de pós de gama-alumina e os efeitos do Li2O em sua nanoestrutura. (2019)

A alumina é um dos principais materiais cerâmicos e apresenta várias características muito interessantes, como elevado ponto de fusão (2.072 °C), baixa densidade (3,95 g/cm3), elevada transparência e baixo índice de refração (n = 1,7282). Devido a essas características é utilizada para fabricação de refratários, materiais de polimento, lâmpadas de sódio, dentre outras aplicações. O uso de aditivos que tendem a segregar nas interfaces de materiais nanométricos tem sido utilizado como uma estratégia para melhorar diversas propriedades dos nanomateriais. O Li2O tem sido utilizado como aditivo na estrutura do aluminato de magnésio para diminuir a temperatura de sinterização. Porém, pouco se sabe dos efeitos da dopagem do Li2O na estrutura da alumina. Assim, este projeto propôs um estudo detalhado dos efeitos da dopagem do Li2O na alumina nanométrica. Para isso, pós nanométricos foram preparados pelo método dos precursores poliméricos. As resinas resultantes foram dopadas com diferentes quantidades de LiCl (0,1, 0,5, 1, 3, 5 e 10 em mol%), seguida por uma calcinação a 650 e 750 ºC por 15h. Os pós foram caracterizados por difração de raios X (DRX), fluorescência de raios X (FRX), adsorção de N2 (BET) e densidade por picnometria de hélio. A segregação do lítio, isto é, o excesso na superfície e nos contornos de grão foram determinados pelo método de lixiviação seletiva. Os resultados de DRX mostraram que os pós apresentaram majoritariamente a fase gama após calcinação, porém em uma composição houve formação de uma segunda fase, o aluminato de lítio (LiAl5O8). Os tamanhos de cristalitos do material variaram entre 3,3 e 9,2 nm, enquanto as áreas de superfície específica ficaram entre 82,0 e 119,9 m²/g. Verificou-se uma tendência de diminuição de contornos de grão quando o percentual de lítio foi aumentado. As análises químicas indicaram que o lítio se acomoda bem na estrutura da -alumina até 650 ºC, porém a 750 ºC se volatiliza. O método de lixiviação seletiva se mostrou eficaz na quantificação do excesso de superfície e mostrou que o lítio segrega de fato nas interfaces da alumina.
Methodological insights on restoring face photos of multinational passports (2013)

We study the problem of restoring severely degraded face images scanned from multinational passport photos. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate alternative viable image restoration strategies aiming to improve face recognition performance in such a realistic scenario. The contributions of this work are two-fold. First, the West Virginia University (WVU) Passport database, composed of face images of various subjects, is collected at WVU as a part of a CITeR project <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . These images illustrate the challenges associated with matching severely degraded face images. Second, various pre-processing schemes are tested and a final strategy is proposed in order to eliminate the noise present in degraded face images. After conducting an extensive experimental study, it is established that the proposed restoration scheme shows promise in improving the overall image quality of passport photos as well as heterogeneous face recognition performance (i.e. rank-1 identification accuracy). This conclusion is drawn after analyzing the results from matching the restored passport images (probe dataset) against the ones that are of good quality (gallery dataset).
Characterizing the role of rice NRAMP5 in Manganese, Iron and Cadmium Transport (2012)

Metals like manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) are essential for metabolism, while cadmium (Cd) is toxic for virtually all living organisms. Understanding the transport of these metals is important for breeding better crops. We have identified that OsNRAMP5 contributes to Mn, Fe and Cd transport in rice. OsNRAMP5 expression was restricted to roots epidermis, exodermis, and outer layers of the cortex as well as in tissues around the xylem. OsNRAMP5 localized to the plasma membrane, and complemented the growth of yeast strains defective in Mn, Fe, and Cd transport. OsNRAMP5 RNAi (OsNRAMP5i) plants accumulated less Mn in the roots, and less Mn and Fe in shoots, and xylem sap. The suppression of OsNRAMP5 promoted Cd translocation to shoots, highlighting the importance of this gene for Cd phytoremediation. These data reveal that OsNRAMP5 contributes to Mn, Cd, and Fe transport in rice and is important for plant growth and development.
Three New Urea Derivatives from Pliocene-FossilPinus armandii (2005)

Three new urea derivatives, isolated from the Pliocene lignified wood of Pinus armandii, were identified as carbonylbis[imino(6-methyl-3,1-phenylene)]bis[carbamic acid] dimethyl ester (1), and as the corresponding dibutyl ester 2 and bis(2-methylpropyl) ester 3. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques.
Epilepsy Surgery in Young Children With Tuberous Sclerosis: Results of a Novel Approach (2006)

This approach can help to identify both primary and secondary epileptogenic zones in young TSC patients with multiple tubers. Multiple or bilateral seizure foci are not necessarily a contraindication to surgery. Long-term follow-up will determine whether this approach has durable effects.
An endoscopic structured lighting probe using spectral encoding (2011)

Recovering the three dimensional (3D) surface shape of tissues in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is important for developing advanced image-guidance and navigation systems. Passive techniques for 3D reconstruction based on computational stereo are limited by the saliency of tissue texture and the view-dependent reflectance characteristics of the scene. Structured lighting provides a viable alternative by projecting known features onto the tissue surface. However, the correspondence problem (distinguishing individual projected features computationally) becomes difficult in tissue due to the presence of occlusions. Furthermore, miniaturisation of a light projection system for use in MIS, while maintaining the required light intensity, is a significant challenge.In this paper, a fibre-based probe is described that projects a spectrally-encoded pattern onto the target surface from its distal end. A dispersed broadband light source is used to project features of varying spectral content. The dominant wavelengths of imaged spots may be deduced from the RGB values of a standard colour camera using an algorithm that locates each colour on a chromaticity diagram. The results show that individual spots of a specified wavelength may be segmented and their centres of mass calculated, despite varying background colour. The probe has also been demonstrated on ex vivo tissue.
Low-Complexity Speech Spoofing Detection using Instantaneous Spectral Features (2022)

Over the last decade, various detection mechanisms for spoofed speech have been proposed. Thus far the development focus has been on detection accuracy, largely ignoring secondary goals such as computational complexity or storage effort. In this work, we use empirical mode decomposition to compute intrinsic mode functions which are then demodulated to obtain features consisting of short-time statistics of instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency. These features are then used with a simple k-nearest neighbours classifier. We further s how that voiced segments from short speech signals can be used in the feature extraction resulting in a spoofing detection competitive with top-performing systems while having up to 103× less computation.