gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate joint space quantification in knee osteoarthritis: a digital x-ray tomosynthesis phantom study (2011)

The current imaging standard for diagnosis and monitoring of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is projection radiography. However radiographs may be insensitive to markers of early disease such as osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN). Relative to standard radiography, digital X-ray tomosynthesis (DTS) may provide improved visualization of the markers of knee OA without the interference of superimposed anatomy. DTS utilizes a series of low-dose projection images over an arc of &plusmn;20 degrees to reconstruct tomographic images parallel to the detector. We propose that DTS can increase accuracy and precision in JSN quantification. The geometric accuracy of DTS was characterized by quantifying joint space width (JSW) as a function of knee flexion and position using physical and anthropomorphic phantoms. Using a commercially available digital X-ray system, projection and DTS images were acquired for a Lucite rod phantom with known gaps at various source-object-distances, and angles of flexion. Gap width, representative of JSW, was measured using a validated algorithm. Over an object-to-detector-distance range of 5-21cm, a 3.0mm gap width was reproducibly measured in the DTS images, independent of magnification. A simulated 0.50mm (±0.13) JSN was quantified accurately (95% CI 0.44-0.56mm) in the DTS images. Angling the rods to represent knee flexion, the minimum gap could be precisely determined from the DTS images and was independent of flexion angle. JSN quantification using DTS was insensitive to distance from patient barrier and flexion angle. Potential exists for the optimization of DTS for accurate radiographic quantification of knee OA independent of patient positioning.
Yeast RNA polymerase III (1984)

The chromatographic, catalytic and DNA-binding properties of yeast RNA polymerase III are highly affected by both concentration and type of salt. The type of anion is an especially important modulating factor for the enzymological properties of the enzyme. When acetate or sulfate anions are substituted for chloride anions, RNA polymerase III exhibits a higher affinity for DEAE-Sephadex A25, becomes able to transcribe DNA at relatively high ionic strength and shows a significant increase in the binding strength to DNA. A quantitative analysis of the binding of the enzyme to single-stranded DNA shows that the number of ionic contacts in the complex is not affected by the type of anion, but the nonionic contribution to the binding constant is significantly increased when acetate is substituted for chloride.
Impact of temperature-dependent hole injection on low-temperature electroluminescence collapse in ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (2012)

Optical and electronic properties of mid-ultraviolet light emitting diodes with a two-step p-AlGaN region are measured at temperatures from 8 to 300 K. While the electroluminescence intensity increases down to a temperature lower than that reported in InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs), there is still a collapse at cryogenic temperatures. Capacitance-voltage measurements across the same range of temperatures reveal an increasing depletion region with decreasing temperature indicating that hole injection is a significant factor in the temperature dependent behavior, as well as the cause of electroluminescence collapse.
A shape memory alloy spring-based actuator with stiffness and position controllability (2011)

In this paper, a one-degree-of-freedom actuator that is based on shape memory alloy (SMA) springs is developed and tested. The use of SMA springs allows a larger actuation workspace and controllable stiffness than SMA wires. It is shown that the actuator demonstrates a good positioning accuracy in addition to a higher level of stiffness control. A strategy based on the variable structure control method is implemented for simultaneous displacement and stiffness control. It is shown that the actuator’s position is always kept within a boundary layer defined around the desired position while a preferred stiffness is also obtained in the actuator. Such an actuator could be used to develop flexible mechanical systems which need to adapt to environmental changes in the form of external loading variation.
Suppression of Polyfluorene Photo-Oxidative Degradation via Encapsulation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2016)

Polyfluorenes have achieved noteworthy performance in organic electronic devices but exhibit undesired green band emission under photo-oxidative conditions that have limited their broad utility in optoelectronic applications. In addition, polyfluorenes are well-known dispersants of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), although the influence of SWCNTs on polyfluorene photo-oxidative stability has not yet been defined. Here we quantitatively explore the photophysical properties of poly[(9,9-bis(3<sup>'</sup>-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) under photo-oxidative conditions when it is in van der Waals contact with SWCNTs. Photoluminescence spectroscopy tracks the spectral evolution of the polymer emission following ambient ultraviolet (UV) exposure, confirming that PFN exhibits green band emission. In marked contrast, PFN-wrapped SWCNTs possess high spectral stability without green band emission under the same ambient UV exposure conditions. By investigating a series of PFN thin films as a function of SWCNT content, it is shown that SWCNT loadings as low as ∼23 wt % suppress photo-oxidative degradation. These findings suggest that PFN-SWCNT composites provide an effective pathway toward utilizing polyfluorenes in organic optoelectronics.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure of the Nucleic Acid-Binding Domain of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 3 (2009)

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of a globular domain of residues 1071 to 1178 within the previously annotated nucleic acid-binding region (NAB) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) has been determined, and N- and C-terminally adjoining polypeptide segments of 37 and 25 residues, respectively, have been shown to form flexibly extended linkers to the preceding globular domain and to the following, as yet uncharacterized domain. This extension of the structural coverage of nsp3 was obtained from NMR studies with an nsp3 construct comprising residues 1066 to 1181 [nsp3(1066-1181)] and the constructs nsp3(1066-1203) and nsp3(1035-1181). A search of the protein structure database indicates that the globular domain of the NAB represents a new fold, with a parallel four-strand beta-sheet holding two alpha-helices of three and four turns that are oriented antiparallel to the beta-strands. Two antiparallel two-strand beta-sheets and two 3(10)-helices are anchored against the surface of this barrel-like molecular core. Chemical shift changes upon the addition of single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) identified a group of residues that form a positively charged patch on the protein surface as the binding site responsible for the previously reported affinity for nucleic acids. This binding site is similar to the ssRNA-binding site of the sterile alpha motif domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vts1p protein, although the two proteins do not share a common globular fold.
Organometallic compounds of the lanthanides. 48. Cyclooctatetraenyl pentamethylcyclopentadienyl derivatives of the rare earths (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic compounds of the lanthanides. 48. Cyclooctatetraenyl pentamethylcyclopentadienyl derivatives of the rare earthsHerbert Schumann, Randolf D. Koehn, Friedrich Wilhelm Reier, Andreas Dietrich, and Joachim PickardtCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 6, 1388–1392Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00108a002https://doi.org/10.1021/om00108a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views534Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Genetic algorithm optimization of some novel broadband and multiband microstrip antennas (2004)

The design of microstrip antennas usually involves specifying the values of several parameters that define its geometry and material characteristics. When there is a large number of parameters, it becomes necessary to use optimization techniques in the design of the antennas in order to maximize their performance. We discuss the design of some novel broadband and multiband microstrip antennas using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization techniques. Also, a robust yet efficient optimization strategy that combines model-based parameter estimation (MBPE) with GA is introduced.
Automated synthesis of 18F labeled 5-fluoropentyl-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-10) (2012)

1478 Objectives 18F-ML-10 is a member of the recently described ApoSense® family of compounds under development for the clinical radioimaging of apoptosis. Recent study reveals that 18F-ML-10 can be used as a PET imaging radiotracer for monitoring of treatment efficacy in a range of important human diseases where apoptosis is an important mechanism including myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, and cancer. The use of automation should minimize the variance in the chemical reaction when compared with manual synthesis. Methods In order to perform preclinical and clinical studies evaluating 18F-ML-10, a simplified one-pot automated radiolabeling procedure was developed using an ML-10-mesylate precursor. The precursor was itself synthesized via t-butyl protection of 2-methylmalonic acid with isobutene, followed by introduction of the 5-hydroxypentyl group and subsequent mesylation of the alcohol. The radiolabeling procedure was performed in a remote controlled automated radiosynthesis module allowing production of 18F-ML-10 in high activities. In acetonitrile/DMSO (90/10, v/v) the radiolabeling yield was > 80% at 110 °C after 12 minutes. Hydrolysis of the t-butyl ester groups was efficiently performed with 2N HCl at 100 °C in 8 minutes. The radiotracer was purified by semi-preparative HPLC (attached directly to the radiosynthesis module) using water-acetonitrile-TFA (75:25:0.1, v/v) mixture as isocratic mobile phase and a flow-rate of 8 ml/min. Retention time of the desired product was 20 minutes. Final product was eluted from a Waters C-18 Sep-Pak® cartridge in ethanol using the trap and release technique. Results The overall uncorrected radiochemical yield was 50 ± 7 % with radiochemical purity > 98 %. Total synthesis time was 70 minutes. Conclusions This new, automated radiolabeling procedure allows 18F-ML-10 synthesis with the high reproducibility that is mandatory for future clinical application. Details of the automated synthesis techniques along with quality control testing results of the final product will be presented. Research Support Funded by NCI/NIH, Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. This work is also partially funded through the IPDC of the intramural program of the NIH
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted α‐ Amino Aldehydes and α‐Amino Acids Using a (3,3) Allylic Trichloracetimidate Rearrangement. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase dimerization inhibitor prevents cardiovascular and renal morbidity in sheep with combined burn and smoke inhalation injury (2003)

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS treatment is frequently complicated by significant extrapulmonary comorbidity. This study was designed to clarify the role of iNOS in mediating extrapulmonary comorbidity in sheep after combined burn and smoke inhalation injuries using a potent and highly selective iNOS dimerization inhibitor, BBS-2. Twenty-two female sheep were operatively prepared. After 5 days of recovery, tracheostomy was performed under ketamine-halothane anesthesia. Sheep were given a 40% total body surface third-degree burns and insufflated with cotton smoke (48 breaths, <40 degrees C). Sheep were divided into four groups: noninjured and nontreated (sham group; n = 6), noninjured but treated with BBS-2 (sham/BBS-2 group; n = 4), injured but nontreated (control group, n = 6), and injured but treated with 100 microg.kg-1.h-1 BBS-2 (BBS-2 group; n = 6). Evaluation was in a laboratory intensive care unit setting for 48 h. The sham group had stable cardiopulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. Control animals showed multiple signs of morbidity. Decreased left ventricular stroke work index and stroke volume index with elevated left atrial pressure indicated myocardial depression. Systemic vascular leak was evidenced by robust hemoconcentration, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, and increased transvascular fluid flux into the lymphatic system. Finally, severely impaired renal function (urinary output) was associated with adverse net fluid balance. Treatment with BBS-2 prevented all these morbidities without adversely effecting cardiovascular hemodynamics such as cardiac index and mean arterial pressure. The results identify a major role for iNOS in mediating extrapulmonary comorbidity in a clinically relevant and severe trauma model and support the use of highly selective iNOS inhibitors as novel treatments in critical care medicine.
Topical resiquimod dosing regimens in patients with multiple actinic keratoses: a multicentre, partly placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trial (2018)

Resiquimod 0·03% gel is more effective than 0·01% gel. From the perspectives of safety and tolerability, the lower concentration and shorter duration are preferable. The clinical response in arms 2/3 was reached with fewer gel applications. The dosing regimens that used the biological end point (arms 4/5) proved equally efficacious as predefined treatment durations and may therefore be suitable for personalized AK treatment.
A cyclin-dependent kinase 5-derived peptide inhibits Cdk5/p25 activity and improves neurodegenerative phenotypes (2020)

Abstract Aberrant activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk5) has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. This effect is mediated by pathological cleavage of the Cdk5 activator p35 to produce the truncated product p25, exhibiting increased stability and altered substrate specificity. The benefit of blocking p25 production has been demonstrated in various rodent and human neurodegenerative models. However, important Cdk5/p35 functions in the developing and adult brain have made it challenging to selectively target the detrimental effects of Cdk5/p25 while sparing the physiological functions of Cdk5/p35. Here, we report a 12-amino acid-long peptide fragment derived from Cdk5 (the Cdk5 inhibitory (Cdk5i) peptide) that shows a high binding affinity toward the Cdk5/p25 complex and can efficiently and selectively inhibit Cdk5/p25 kinase activity. Using cellular assays, mouse neurodegeneration models and human cerebral organoids generated from patient-derived iPSCs, we demonstrate beneficial effects of the Cdk5i peptide on various pathological phenotypes including gliosis, DNA damage, and Tau hyperphosphorylation.
Pump Efficiency Parameter Estimation (2016)

Hydraulic pump health monitoring can give early notice of a catastrophic failure occurring within the pump, saving time and money on repairs. This work focuses on developing a system to monitor an axial piston pump’s volumetric efficiency, using state and parameter estimation techniques. A high order, nonlinear model has been utilized for the axial piston pump. Pressure measurements of the pump are used for a linear Kalman filter (KF) as well as an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate the remaining states of pump model. Volumetric efficiency losses are tracked by the filters via estimation of two flow loss coefficients, low Reynolds and high Reynolds flow loss, which are allowed to vary within the model to track the changes. In a separate analysis, a third parameter, a disturbance torque, was applied to the load and its estimation in a similar process to the flow loss coefficients. Both filters are able to estimate a single flow loss or load. However, the KF was unable to distinguish between two flow losses. The EKF is able to distinguish between low and high Reynolds number flows since it takes into account the nonlinearities in the system including the flow loss characteristics. The EKF shows promise in being able to estimate both flow losses and a load disturbance simultaneously. Both types of filters are found to have fast run times suggesting that the filters could be implemented using typical microcontroller hardware found on industrial and mobile hydraulic machinery.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE STERIC COURSE OF THE ADDITION OF DIALLYLZINC ONTO α,β‐DIALKOXY CHIRAL CARBONYL COMPOUNDS: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF 2,6‐DIDEOXYSUGARS OF THE L‐SERIES (1983)

Abstract Das sterisch definierte Ketal (I) reagiert mit derAllylgrignardverbindung (II) stereospezifisch zu einem Alkohol (IIIa), der zu (IIIb) verseift und dann zu (IV) ozonolytisch gespalten wird.
Methodologies for the rapid determination of the diffusion interaction parameter using Taylor dispersion analysis (2015)

Using Taylor dispersion analysis to determine diffusion coefficients as a function of concentration in a single measurement.
Modeling and Analysis of a Tunable Bistable MEMS for Opto-Mechanical Computational Logic Elements (1999)

Abstract We present the design, analysis, and testing of a tunable bi-stable MEMS device that changes state when subjected to a threshold force in the range of pN to μN. It consumes power during change of state, but not while maintaining a state. Depending on the design and tuning, the state change can be initiated by even a moderate power laser beam that generates force by the impacts of its photons. The device presents itself as a potential bistable multivibrator (flip-flop), as well as the basic component of combinational logic elements, such as AND and OR gates, thus opening the door for low power digital opto-mechanical computing in normal to harsh environments. Several designs of the combinational logic elements are provided for optomechanical computing. In addition to bi-stability, the device shows a rich and complex set of dynamical behavior (e.g., chaotic response) when subjected to certain parametric excitations.
Unusual electrocardiographic changes during acute pancreatitis (2016)

Ĺ estaÄtyĹicetiletĂ˝ muĹž pociĹĽoval mĂ­rnou bolest v hornĂ­ ÄĂĄsti bĹicha, jeĹž se ĹĄĂ­Ĺila do oblasti zad, a nevolnost; po tĂ˝dnu si zaÄal stÄĹžovat i na diskomfort na hrudnĂ­ku, kterĂ˝ se ĹĄĂ­Ĺil do oblasti krku; proto se dostavil na oddÄlenĂ­ urgentnĂ­ho pĹĂ­jmu. DvanĂĄctisvodovĂ˝ elektrokardiogram prokĂĄzal velkĂŠ hrotnatĂŠ vlny T ve svodech II-III-AVF a obrovskĂŠ inverze vln T ve svodech aVL a V1 aĹž k V6; o pĹŻl hodiny pozdÄji diskomfort na hrudnĂ­ku ustoupil a elektrokardiografickĂŠ zmÄny vymizely. BiochemickĂŠ vyĹĄetĹenĂ­ sĂŠra prokĂĄzalo zvĂ˝ĹĄenĂŠ hodnoty pankreatickĂ˝ch enzymĹŻ, zatĂ­mco hodnoty elektrolytĹŻ, kreatinkinĂĄzy a troponinu T v sĂŠru zĹŻstaly normĂĄlnĂ­. Koronarografie prokĂĄzala nepostiĹženĂŠ koronĂĄrnĂ­ tepny. Pacient byl nĂĄslednÄ lĂŠÄen konzervativnÄ.I kdyĹž elektrokardiografickĂŠ abnormality jiĹž byly u nemocnĂ˝ch s akutnĂ­ pankreatitidou zaznamenĂĄny, ĹĄirokĂŠ, vysokĂŠ a hrotnatĂŠ vlny T, kterĂŠ jsme objevili na elektrokardiogramu naĹĄeho pacienta, dosud popsĂĄny nebyly.
Carbon Nanotubes: Intragranular Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Comprehensively Improves Aluminum Alloys (Adv. Sci. 7/2018) (2018)

Surface diffusion-driven cold welding leads to intragranular dispersion and is critical for the comprehensive enhancement of composite properties in metals. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in metal restrain slide/climb dislocations. 1D CNTs also prevent fractures, which favor 2D percolating flaws. Article number 1800115, by Ju Li, Young Hee Lee, and co-workers, shows that CNTs improve the toughness and creep resistance of Al alloys without compromising electrical and thermal conductivity.
Alteration in Iron Metabolism during Retinal Degeneration in rd10 Mouse (2009)

Combined with previous reports, these data suggest that retinal degenerations are associated with altered iron homeostasis regardless of the primary insult. Given the potential of iron to generate oxidative injury, its role as a therapeutic target in retinal and macular degenerations should be evaluated.
Le teint entre en scène (2013)

Bonté Frédéric. Le teint entre en scène. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 100e année, N. 378-379, 2013. p. 272.
Effects of recombinant human interleukin-11 on hematopoietic reconstitution in transplant mice: acceleration of recovery of peripheral blood neutrophils and platelets (1993)

We have examined the effects of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL- 11) on the recovery of peripheral blood cell counts and proliferation of progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells (day 12 colony-forming units-spleen-CFU-S12) in vivo using a mouse bone marrow (BM) and spleen cell transplantation model. Recovery of leukocytes was accelerated in animals receiving daily administration of rhIL-11 (100 micrograms/kg/d) and reached normal levels by day 14 posttransplantation. This increased total leukocyte count reflected mainly an increase in neutrophils. Neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] &lt; 1,500) was present in control transplant mice for 14 to 15 days, while in the rhIL-11-treated group, neutrophils recovered to normal by days 8 to 10 and continued to increase until day 19. Animals treated with rhIL-11 had only 1 day with ANC demonstrated &lt; 500. Correspondingly, rhIL-11 treatment increased granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) derived from both spleen and BM cells. Higher doses of IL-11 increased CFU-GM nearly threefold and CFU-Mix fourfold to fivefold, while increasing burst-forming units- erythroid to a lesser degree. BM and spleen cellularity were both increased in IL-11-treated mice, but no increase in CFU-S12 was noted. In addition, in vivo daily administration of IL-11 increased peripheral platelet counts by threefold over control transplant mice at day 10 posttransplantation during the post-irradiation platelet nadir. Further treatment led to platelet counts higher than normal 18 days posttransplantation when control animals had just attained normal platelet counts. IL-11 can accelerate the recovery of the peripheral blood leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, and platelets in transplant mice, effects that may be clinically useful in future applications for BM transplantation and chemotherapy-related cytopenias.