gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Engineering of Hierarchical Conducting Polymer Composites for Highly Stable Supercapacitors (2023)

Long cycle life and high energy/power density are imperative to energy storage systems. Polyaniline (PANI) has shown great potential as an electrode material but is limited by poor cycling and rate performance. We present a molecular design approach of binding short-chain aniline trimers (ATs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through the formation of amide covalent linkages enabled by a simple laser scribing technique. The covalently coupled AT/CNT (cc-AT/CNT) composite retains 80% of its original capacitance after 20 000 charge/discharge cycles, which readily outperforms long-chain PANI/CNT composites without covalent connections. The compact AT/CNT heterointerfaces produce fast charge/discharge kinetics and excellent rate capability. The flexible symmetric quasi-solid-state devices can be stably cycled beyond 50 000 cycles, at least 5 times longer than most PANI/CNT-based symmetric supercapacitors reported to date. This molecular design of durable conducting polymer-based electrode materials enabled by laser irradiation presents a feasible approach toward robust advanced energy storage devices.
Using content analysis methodology in sport management legal research (2008)

4:00 PM - 5:00 PM Abstract 340 By and large, conventional legal research in sport management consists primarily of basic social science methods of analyzing one seminal case or a handful of cases to discuss a legal topic of interest, oftentimes on the heels of a significant recent case decision that may hold implications for the future in that area of law. The body of case law is continually growing, and effective research into what courts do and how and why they do it, can be illustrative in determining not only where the law has been but also where it is going. Hall and Wright (2006) propose that content analysis methodology takes legal research further than the traditional scholarly routine of reading a collection of cases, identifying common themes, and commenting on their significance. Content analysis is a form of descriptive research in which the researcher examines a class of social artifacts typically composed of written documents, reads the documents, records the consistent features of each one, and draws inferences about the use and meaning of those documents (Krippendorff, 2004). Although it is most prevalent in the communications field, this methodology is widely used by sport management researchers. Kelley and Turley (2004) utilized content analysis to examine Super Bowl advertisements over a period of seven years. Content analysis has been used to examine gender bias in sports reporting (Pedersen & Whisenant, 2003). Additionally, Li and Cotten (1996) used content analysis to examine the content in introductory sport management classes across the United States.
The Complex Relation between Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Thrombogenesis (2022)

Heart disease, as well as systemic metabolic alterations, can leave a 'fingerprint' of structural and functional changes in the atrial myocardium, leading to the onset of atrial cardiomyopathy. As demonstrated in various animal models, some of these changes, such as fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fatty infiltration, can increase vulnerability to atrial fibrillation (AF), the most relevant manifestation of atrial cardiomyopathy in clinical practice. Atrial cardiomyopathy accompanying AF is associated with thromboembolic events, such as stroke. The interaction between AF and stroke appears to be far more complicated than initially believed. AF and stroke share many risk factors whose underlying pathological processes can reinforce the development and progression of both cardiovascular conditions. In this review, we summarize the main mechanisms by which atrial cardiomyopathy, preceding AF, supports thrombogenic events within the atrial cavity and myocardial interstitial space. Moreover, we report the pleiotropic effects of activated coagulation factors on atrial remodeling, which may aggravate atrial cardiomyopathy. Finally, we address the complex association between AF and stroke, which can be explained by a multidirectional causal relation between atrial cardiomyopathy and hypercoagulability.
3D Modeling of Multistage Hydraulic Fractures and Two-Way Coupling Geomechanics - Fluid Flow Simulation of a Horizontal Well in the Nikanassin Tight Gas Formation, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (2012)

Abstract Unconventional gas is stored in extensive areas known as Basin Centered Continuous Gas Accumulations. While the estimated worldwide figures differ significantly, the consensus among the studies relating to unconventional gas resources is that the volumes are gigantic. However, the low permeability in these types of reservoirs usually results in a very low recovery factor. To help unlock these resources, this paper presents a new and more accurate way of simulating multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells in three dimensions (3D) using single and dual porosity reservoir models. In this approach, the geometry (not necessarily symmetric) and orientation of the multiple hydraulic fractures are driven by the prevailing stress state in the drainage volume of the horizontal well. Once the hydraulic fracturing job is accurately modeled in 3D, two-way geomechanical coupling is used to history match the produced gas from a horizontal well drilled in the Nikanassin naturally fractured tight gas formation (Western Canada Sedimentary Basin). Traditionally, the most widely used approaches have their roots in semi-analytical calculations simplifying the fracturing system to a planar feature propagating symmetrically away from a line source of injection. In contrast, the computed results presented in this study show that the incorporation of geomechanical effects gives a more realistic representation of the orientation and geometry of hydraulic fractures. Reduction in permeability of the natural and hydraulic fractures due to pressure depletion results in more realistic production predictions when compared with the case where geomechanical effects are ignored. The telling conclusion, in light of the computed results, is that the field of hydraulic fracturing provides an object lesson in the need for coupled 3D geomechanical approaches. The method presented in this paper will help to improve gas rates and recoveries from reservoirs with permeability values in the nano-Darcy scale.
Decontamination Efficacy of Three Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Sporicidal Disinfectants on Medium-Sized Panels Contaminated with Surrogate Spores of Bacillus anthracis (2014)

In the event of a wide area release and contamination of a biological agent in an outdoor environment and to building exteriors, decontamination is likely to consume the Nation's remediation capacity, requiring years to cleanup, and leading to incalculable economic losses. This is in part due to scant body of efficacy data on surface areas larger than those studied in a typical laboratory (5×10-cm), resulting in low confidence for operational considerations in sampling and quantitative measurements of prospective technologies recruited in effective cleanup and restoration response. In addition to well-documented fumigation-based cleanup efforts, agencies responsible for mitigation of contaminated sites are exploring alternative methods for decontamination including combinations of disposal of contaminated items, source reduction by vacuuming, mechanical scrubbing, and low-technology alternatives such as pH-adjusted bleach pressure wash. If proven effective, a pressure wash-based removal of Bacillus anthracis spores from building surfaces with readily available equipment will significantly increase the readiness of Federal agencies to meet the daunting challenge of restoration and cleanup effort following a wide-area biological release. In this inter-agency study, the efficacy of commercial-of-the-shelf sporicidal disinfectants applied using backpack sprayers was evaluated in decontamination of spores on the surfaces of medium-sized (∼1.2 m2) panels of steel, pressure-treated (PT) lumber, and brick veneer. Of the three disinfectants, pH-amended bleach, Peridox, and CASCAD evaluated; CASCAD was found to be the most effective in decontamination of spores from all three panel surface types.
Review and evaluation of reservoir management strategies for harmful algal blooms (2017)

The purpose of this report is to review and evaluate available information regarding reservoir operation strategies for management of harmful algal blooms (HABs). HABs can be problematic, creating eutrophication, and taste and odor issues. HABs also involve the release of toxins in the water column, which can cause sickness by ingestion and skin contact. This report presents the results of a review of journal articles, reports, published accounts of potential management options, effectiveness of management, and potential impacts of management actions on lake/reservoir ecosystem processes and biota, and recommendations for future research. This report concluded there is a range of methods that can be applied to address HABs in reservoirs. The efficacy of these methods decreases in larger reservoirs. No one method individually solves all problems or is applicable in all cases, a combination of methods will likely be needed. More research is needed to effectively control and prevent HABs.
An Asymmetric Two-Side Program With One-Side Read (ATPOR) Device for MultiBit Per Cell MLC Nitride-Trapping Flash Memories (2005)

An asymmetric two-side program with one-side read (ATPOR) Flash memory device is proposed. In this nitride-trapping device, the interaction of stored charges in the two sides (second-bit effect) is utilized to achieve multilevel cell (MLC) V/sub t/ levels with the advantages of relatively small total charge. The small total charge can enhance both programming and erasing efficiency. The ATPOR device with programming and erasing times within 100 ns and 40 /spl mu/s are demonstrated. Excellent read disturb immunity of ATPOR device can provide high scaling capability. In addition, good data retention and P/E cycling endurance and reliability are achieved. For 2-bit/cell and 3-bit/cell MLC applications, the ATPOR device with tight level distributions less than 100 mV is illustrated.
Size to density coupling of supported metallic clusters (2008)

One of the difficulties in standard growth of metallic nano-clusters on oxide substrates as model catalysts is the strong coupling between clusters size and density. Employing multiple cycles, amorphous solid water-buffer layer assisted growth (ASW-BLAG) procedure, we demonstrate how the size to density coupling can be eliminated under certain conditions. In this study, gold clusters were deposited on a SiO2/Si(100) substrate in UHV, using ASW as a buffer layer assisting aggregation and growth. The clusters were imaged ex situ by tapping mode atomic force microscope (AFM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM). In situ Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) measurements have led to independent evaluation of the gold covered area. In order to increase the clusters density we have introduced a multiple BLAG procedure, in which, a BALG cycle is repeated up to 10 times. The cluster density can be increased this way by more than five fold without changing their size. Above a specific number of cycles, however, the cluster density reaches saturation and a gradual increase in clusters size is observed. Larger clusters correlate with lower saturation density following multiple BLAG cycles. This observation is explained in terms of long range cluster-cluster attraction between clusters already on the substrate and those approaching in the next BLAG cycle. This attraction is more pronounced as the clusters become larger. We have shown that at saturation density, inter-cluster distance can not be smaller than 20 nm for clusters 4 nm in diameter or larger. Employing two consecutive BLAG cycles, characterized by different parameters (metal dosage and buffer layer thickness) result in a bi-modal size distribution. Moreover, it is demonstrated that one can prepare this way co-adsorbed bi-metallic film of e.g. Au and Pd clusters, with specific density and size on the same substrate. The ASW-BLAG procedure is thus expected to introduce a new pathway for tailor made, versatile model catalysts.
A2E induces the transactivation of RARs, PPARs and RXRs and its effects are counteracted by norbixin in retinal pigment epithelium cells <i>in vitro</i> (2020)

ABSTRACT N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E) plays a central role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by inducing apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. It has been proposed that A2E effects are mediated at least partly via the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-α. Here we show that A2E binds and transactivates not only RARs, but also peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Norbixin, which protects retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells against apoptosis induced by combined blue light illumination and A2E exposure, is also a ligand of these nuclear receptors (NRs) but does not induce their transactivation. Norbixin inhibits RXRs and PPARs but enhances RARs transactivation induced by A2E. Norbixin also inhibits PPAR-γ transactivation induced by its high affinity ligand troglitazone. Photoprotection of RPE cells by norbixin correlates with maintained levels of the antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein. Moreover, norbixin reduces protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, NF-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transactivation, and the mRNA expression of the inflammatory interleukins (IL) 6 and 8 and of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that are enhanced by A2E. By contrast, norbixin increases matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA expression but has neither effect on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, nor on IL-18 mRNA expression in response to A2E. Altogether, we show for the first time that A2E deleterious biological effects appear to be mediated through RARs, PPARs and RXRs. Moreover, we report that the modulation of these NRs by norbixin may open new avenues for the treatment of AMD.
Predicting No-reflow Based on Angiographic Features of Lesions in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (2005)

We suggest that thrombus-rich lesions in primary angioplasty may predict no-reflow in acute myocardial infarction, and thrombolysis prior to angioplasty may be preferable for these lesions. We also suggest that primary angioplasty may be more effective than thrombolysis for hard plaque lesions.
Immunogenic males: a genome‐wide analysis of reproduction and the cost of mating in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> females (2009)

In Drosophila melanogaster, mating radically transforms female physiology and behaviour. Post-mating responses include an increase in the oviposition rate, a reduction in female receptivity and an activation of the immune system. The fitness consequences of mating are similarly dramatic--females must mate once in order to produce fertile eggs, but additional matings have a clear negative effect. Previously, microarrays have been used to examine gene expression of females differing in their reproductive status with the aim of identifying genes influenced by mating. However, as only virgin and single mated females were compared, transcriptional changes associated with reproduction (under natural selection) and male-induced effects (possibly under sexually antagonistic selection) cannot be disentangled. We partitioned these fundamentally different effects by instead examining the expression profiles of virgin, single mated and double mated females. We found substantial effects relating to reproduction and further effects that are only attributable to mating itself. Immune response genes dominate this male-induced effect indicating that the cost of mating may be due partly to this system's activation. We propose that both sexually antagonistic and natural selection have been important in the evolution of the innate immunity genes, thereby contributing to the sexual dimorphism and rapid evolution at these loci.
Fluctuations and synchrony of RNA synthesis in nucleoli (2015)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences are synthesized at exceptionally high rates and, together with ribosomal proteins (r-proteins), are utilized as building blocks for the assembly of pre-ribosomal particles. Although it is widely acknowledged that tight regulation and coordination of rRNA and r-protein production are fundamentally important for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, still little is known about the real-time kinetics of the ribosome component synthesis in individual cells. In this communication we introduce a label-free MicroRaman spectrometric approach for monitoring rRNA synthesis in live cultured cells. Remarkably high and rapid fluctuations of rRNA production rates were revealed by this technique. Strikingly, the changes in the rRNA output were synchronous for ribosomal genes located in separate nucleoli of the same cell. Our findings call for the development of new concepts to elucidate the coordination of ribosomal components production. In this regard, numerical modeling further demonstrated that the production of rRNA and r-proteins can be coordinated, regardless of the fluctuations in rRNA synthesis. Overall, our quantitative data reveal a spectacular interplay of inherently stochastic rates of RNA synthesis and the coordination of gene expression.
Computational Design and Preparation of MIPs for Atrazine Recognition on a Conjugated Polymer-Coated Microtiter Plate (2013)

Herein, we present a technique for the coating of microplate wells with thin layers of cross-linked polymers, as demonstrated by the preparation of a small library of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) imprinted with atrazine and the corresponding control polymers (NIPs). The composition of MIPs was based on the results of a computational screening using the SYBYL suite of molecular modeling software. The monomers giving the most favorable interaction energies in a virtual monomers screening were N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide, methacrylic acid, N-phenylethylene diamine methacrylamide (NPEDMA), and itaconic acid. The polymer library was prepared by surface grafting to a layer of poly-(NPEDMA), formed by oxidative polymerization in each of the microplate wells, after activation of the methacrylamide double bonds with a photochemical iniferter (benzyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate). MIPs and NIPs were prepared with each of the four functional monomers, cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, using template-monomer ratios of 1:1, 1:2, or 1:3. Binding of the template and its structural analogs (simizine and metribuzine) was assessed by LC-MS. The method is shown to be suitable for rapid screening and optimization of MIPs, is capable of automation, and uses a simple grafting protocol compatible with conventional MIP compositions. The method not only can be used as a screening tool but could also form the basis of new MIP-based assays.
Guiding Stem Cell Differentiation Into Neural Lineages With Tunable Collagen Biomaterials (2009)

The long-term objective of this research is to develop tunable collagen-based biomaterial scaffolds for directed stem cell differentiation into neural lineages to aid in CNS diseases and trauma. Type I collagen is a ubiquitous protein that provides mechanostructural and ligand-induced biochemical cues to cells that attach to the protein via integrin receptors. Previous studies have demonstrated that the mechanical properties of a substrate or tissue can be an important regulator of stem cell differentiation. For example, the mechanical properties polyacrylamide gels can be tuned to induce neural differentiation from stem cells [1, 2]. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on ployacrylamide gels with low elastic modulus (0.1–1 kPa) resulted in a neural like population. MSCs on 10-fold stiffer matrices that mimic striated muscle elasticity (Emuscle ∼8–17 kPa) lead to spindle-shaped cells similar in shape to myoblasts. Still stiffer gels (25–40 kPa) resulted in osetoblast differentiation. Based on these observations, collagen gels may provide an ideal material for differentiation into neural lineages because of their low compliance.
ABSENCE OF THE GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE SHUTTLE IN THE VARIOUS ZONES OF THE GROWTH PLATE (1983)

UNLABELLED The various zones of the growth plate of the rib of six-week-old male New Zealand White rabbits were obtained by means of a specially devised guillotine slicing apparatus. Cartilage slices from each zone were assayed enzymatically for activity of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase by an adaptation of a fluorimetric technique based on the conversion of non-fluorescent resazurin to the highly fluorescent resorufin in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and the enzyme. No glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity was detectable in any zone of the growth plate, whereas control liver slices exhibited abundant enzyme activity. Thus the glycerol phosphate shuttle, one pathway whereby reducing equivalents are carried or shuttled from cytoplasmic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to the intramitochondrial respiratory chain, is entirely lacking in growth-plate chondrocytes. The lack of this enzyme, and the absence of the glycerol phosphate shuttle, may explain the high rate of lactate accumulation in the presence of ample oxygen concentration (aerobic accumulation) even though the Krebs cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) and electron transport are proceeding at normal rates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The growth plate is a complex structure whose metabolism is still not well understood. This study demonstrates that, in at least one metabolic pathway, the growth-plate chondrocyte does not resemble other normal cells. Only as we are able to formulate a more complete picture of the metabolism of the normal growth plate will be able to understand, and perhaps correct or prevent, those disease states in which growth-plate metabolism has bone away.
Resources recovery from high-strength human waste anaerobic digestate using simple nitrification and denitrification filters (2019)

Simple trickling nitrification filters and submerged denitrification filters were developed to provide post-treatment to high-strength human waste anaerobic digestate with the aims to (i) effectively recover nutrients in a useful form as a fertilizer and to (ii) treat digestate such that it could be reused as flush water in water scarce regions. The tested filter media (biochar, granular activated carbon, rice and coconut husks, bamboo chips, sunflower seeds, and zeolite) are low cost and sustainable materials and can be locally sourced where on-site sanitation facilities are in high demand. Experimental data from laboratory operation with digestate from anaerobic digestion of dog feces and human urine revealed that the filters achieved a combined removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (PO<sub>4</sub>-P) up to 84%, 69%, and 89%, respectively. Post-treatment filters have also demonstrated successful recovery of vital nutrients by precipitating ammonium magnesium phosphate hydrate, a documented valuable slow-release solid fertilizer. These filters have a great potential for advancing access to improved sanitation while simultaneously increasing capacity for small-scale economic agricultural development in geographic regions lacking improved sanitation.