gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemoselective Oxidation of Bio-Glycerol with Nano-Sized Metal Catalysts (2014)

Glycerol, a major co-product in the process of biodiesel production, is a promising precursor to a variety of high value fine chemicals such as glyceric acid, dihydroxyacetone, lactic acid and tartronic acid via the corresponding chemoselective oxidation reactions. One of the prospective routes to selectively oxidize glycerol and yield products with good selectivity is the use of nano-sized metal particles as heterogeneous catalysts. In this short review, recent developments in chemoselective oxidation of glycerol to specific products over nano-sized metal catalysts are described. Attention is drawn to various reaction parameters such as the type of the support, the size of the metal particles, and the acid/base properties of the reaction medium which were illustrated to largely influence the activity of the nanocatalyst and selectivity to the target product. Keywords: Biodiesel, bio-glycerol, nanoparticles, heterogeneous catalysis, organic transformation.
C-Terminal 18F-fluoroethylamidation exemplified on [Gly-OH9] oxytocin In parts, this is the diploma work of M. Jelinski (2002)

The no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 18F-fluoroethylamidation of the acid function of the protected nonapeptide Boc–Cys–Tyr(tBu)–Ile–Gln(Mtt)–Asn(Mtt)–Cys–Pro–Leu–Gly–OH forming the labelled peptide hormone derivative [Gly-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)NH9]-oxytocin is described. The labelling conditions were elaborated using a protected tripeptide, identical to the C-terminal sequence of oxytocin. The prosthetic group n.c.a. 2-[18F]fluoroethylamine was synthesised via cryptate mediated n.c.a. 18F-fluorination of N-Boc-2-(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)ethylamine in DMSO (RCY: ca. 60%) and subsequent deprotection with a radiochemical yield of 46±5%. [18F]Fluoroethylamine was reacted with Z–Pro–Leu–Gly–OH in presence of the coupling reagent TBTU or with activated esters of the model-tripeptide. The activated ester method as well as the condensation in presence of TBTU yielded ⩾90% of the 18F-fluoroethyl-amidated tripeptide. TBTU-mediated condensation of n.c.a. 2-[18F]fluoro-ethylamine with the C-terminal free acid group of protected oxytocin gave the radiochemical yield of about 75%. Deprotection under acidic conditions led to the formation of [Gly–(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)NH9]oxytocin within 75 min with a radiochemical yield of about 30% as measured by analytical HPLC. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compatibilization of Metallocene Polyethylene/Polyamide Blends with Maleic Anhydride Studied by Positron Annihilation (2002)

Positron lifetime spectroscopy was used to study the compatibilization effect of maleic-anhydride (maH) grafted copolymers and its ionomers in metallocene polyethylene/poly-amide blends. The ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime τ3 showed a decrease with increasing maH content from 0 to 0.5%, then remained constant. A larger decrease was observed for the Na+-neutralized ionomer containing blends. From the analysis of continuous positron lifetime distribution, we found that in the blend with no or smaller maH content, the o-Ps lifetime distribution was composed of two peaks, which can be attributed to the phase separation in these blends. When the maH content was equal to or higher than 0.5%, the phase separation disappeared, which is due to the decrease of dispersed polyethylene (PE) phase size. In the blends with ionomer, the phase separation disappeared at a lower content of maH. These results proved that the maH grafted copolymer and ionomer can be very good compatibilizers for the PE/PA blends.
Bubble Nucleation in Polymer Mixtures (2017)

Bubble nucleation can be described as an event where a second phase is generated from within a metastable single phase. In Y. Kagan’s analysis, the rate of nucleation is governed by the rate of vaporization of molecules from the liquid-gas interface into the bubble. Ruengphrathuengsuka observed that the number of bubbles nucleated increased with increasing temperature, owing ostensibly to the drop in surface tension and melt viscosity as temperature increased. Heterogeneous nucleation results in the formation of a smaller number of bubbles than homogeneous nucleation, because the number of bubbles in a heterogeneous system is limited by the number of the dispersed particles of the second phase. The resulting reduction of concentration of gas in the polymer affects the rate of homogeneous bubble nucleation, and therefore a time dependent concentration expression needs to be used in the place of a constant concentration.
Immunogenic tumor variants induced by drug treatment of the L5178Y lymphoma: Search for serologically defined antigens at the clonal level (1992)

Highly immunogenic tumor variants are generated by in vitro or in vivo treatment of the murine L5178Y lymphoma line with triazene derivatives. Most of these variants express new transplantation- and antibody-defined antigens that previous studies have shown to be closely related. One such 80-kDa protein on the surface of clone-D cells was found to be related to xenotropic MuLV gp70 molecules. To investigate the possible relevance of clone-D data to general properties of immunogenic variants in this tumor model system, polyclonal syngeneic antisera raised to a panel of immunogenic clones (including clone D) of the drug-treated L5178Y lymphoma line were employed in the immunoprecipitation of cell-surface and intrinsically labeled variant cells. In all clones, 1- and 2-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the immunoprecipitates detected an antigen of approximately 80 kDa, and 35S-labeled 80-kDa molecules could be cross-precipitated from all clones by the panel of clone-specific antisera. In addition, 45- and 30-kDa components were also found in metabolically labeled variant cells. While the surface 80-kDa component was reactive with anti-xenotropic gp70 antibodies, the 30-kDa molecule was removed by anti-gag p30 antibody in sequential immunoprecipitation experiments. These data suggest that expression of aberrant, retrovirus-related proteins is a common finding in immunogenic cells of the drug-treated L5178Y lymphoma line.
Protection against Radiation Damage to Vascular Tissues (2021)

The vasculature, like the nervous system and the lymphoid system, is found in nearly every tissue. Thus, vascular cells represent a normal tissue component that is exposed to radiation during therapy, regardless of site. Radiation damage to the vasculature may involve mechanisms that differ from the DNA damage-mediated classical reproductive cell killing that is thought to be responsible for the tumoricidal effect of ionizing radiation. Aberrant EC growth, changes in permeability, and irregular blood flow has all been noted as complications of radiation therapy. Lung and kidney are important as dose-limiting tissues because of severe late effects of radiation, with progressive loss of function several months to years after treatment. Vitamin A (retinol) administered to animals prior to irradiation has been shown to prevent impairment of wound healing, weight loss, and damage to the thymus, adrenals, and spleen in rats. The effects of 4 hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl on radiation-induced vascular cell damage are being evaluated.
Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Micromixer in a Surface-Based Biosensor (2002)

The performance of many biosensors is limited by the rate at which a soluble analyte solution is transported to a complementary receptor immobilized on the sensor transducer. In these cases, transport limitations due to the lack of sample mixing in the sensor can impede analyte transport to the immobilized receptors and thereby reduce the sensor performance. In this study, we apply methods that have been successfully used to mix bulk fluid streams in a microfluidic device, to stir the analyte solution as it passes over receptors bound to the surface of an optical biosensor. A three-dimensional serpentine microchannel, which has been shown to provide chaotic mixing in the sample flow, was interfaced with a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. The binding kinetics of soluble rabbit IgG to protein A, immobilized on one of the microchannel walls, was measured both in the serpentine device and in a straight channel. A comparison of the initial rates of analyte detection in these two devices shows that the mixing characteristics in the serpentine microchannel can double the initial rate of analyte detection. The serpentine mixer is thus a promising method for improving the performance of surface-based microfluidic biosensors.
Implementing innovative traffic simulation models with aerial traffic survey (2017)

Traffic data and human driver behaviours simulation are two of the most important parameters for the proper implementation of a traffic simulation. In our case study, we implemented an innovative method to obtain both a complex set of data of OD matrix and detailed human driver behaviours data in order to set a specific scenario simulation. Firstly, we recorded an aerial video and, subsequently, we conducted an advanced traffic analysis of aerial video data using DataFromSky service. The result is a complex complete set of traffic parameters. Data collection is based not only on classic OD matrix (volume data, vehicles classification, hourly rates, etc.), but also on innovative dynamic vehicle database parameters (speeds, lateral and tangential accelerations, travel times and distances, trajectories, etc.). All of these parameters are supplied to each vehicle detected. For this case study, our team provided as well a set of specific simulation parameters, such as gap time and follow-up time, for each entry/exit analysed. It is clear that most of this data were used to the calibration and improvement of our simulation network. In particular, we inserted specific values for each vehicle class (dimensional and dynamic values) and a detailed calibration of our behavioural models in Krauss settings. The resulting traffic simulation scenario shows the highest correlation value between real and simulated driver behaviours, probably, never obtained before.
Face Recognition Using Adjacent Pixel Intensity Difference Quantization Histogram (2009)

†† Summary This paper presents a very simple yet highly reliable face recognition algorithm using Adjacent Pixel Intensity Difference Quantization (APIDQ) histogram. At each pixel location in an input image, a 2-D vector (composed of the horizontally adjacent pixel intensity difference (dIx) and the vertically adjacent difference (dIy)) contains information about the intensity variation angle (θ) and its amount (r). After the intensity variation vectors for all the pixels in an image are calculated and plotted in the r-θ plane, each vector is quantized in terms of its θ and r values. By counting the number of elements in each quantized area in the r-θ plane, a histogram can be created. This histogram, obtained by APIDQ for facial images, is utilized as a very effective personal feature. In this paper, we optimize the quantization method of APIDQ according to the maximum entropy principle (MEP), and determine the best parameters for APIDQ. Experimental results show maximum average recognition rate of 97.2% for 400 images of 40 persons from the publicly available face database of AT&T Laboratories Cambridge. Furthermore, by utilizing rough location information of facial parts, the facial area is divided into 5 individual parts, and then APIDQ is applied on each facial component. Recognition results are firstly obtained from different parts separately and then combined by weighted averaging. The experimental result shows that top 1 recognition rate of 97.6% is achieved when evaluated by FB task of the FERET database.
Regulatory functions of B cells in allergic diseases (2014)

B cells are essentially described for their capacity to produce antibodies ensuring anti-infectious immunity or deleterious responses in the case of autoimmunity or allergy. However, abundant data described their ability to restrain inflammation by diverse mechanisms. In allergy, some regulatory B-cell subsets producing IL-10 have been recently described as potent suppressive cells able to restrain inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo by regulatory T-cell differentiation or directly inhibiting T-cell-mediated inflammation. A specific deficit in regulatory B cells participates to more severe allergic inflammation. Induction of allergen tolerance through specific immunotherapy induces a specific expansion of these cells supporting their role in establishment of allergen tolerance. However, the regulatory functions carried out by B cells are not exclusively IL-10 dependent. Indeed, other regulatory mechanisms mediated by B cells are (i) the production of TGF-β, (ii) the promotion of T-cell apoptosis by Fas-Fas ligand or granzyme-B pathways, and (iii) their capacity to produce inhibitory IgG4 and sialylated IgG able to mediate anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This points to Bregs as interesting targets for the development of new therapies to induce allergen tolerance. In this review, we highlight advances in the study of regulatory mechanisms mediated by B cells and outline what is known about their phenotype as well as their suppressive role in allergy from studies in both mice and humans.
Monitoring Radiated Coexistence Testing Using GMM-Based Classifier (2017)

Sharing spectrum resources in unlicensed bands grants vehicular applications inexpensive and ubiquitous access to wireless services. However, wireless technology coexistence concerns are gaining increased attention. In response, coexistence test methods are now being reported in the literature, and novel solutions are considered in the American National Standards Institute C63.27 Standard for Evaluation of Wireless Coexistence. Furthermore, the IEEE 802 standards committee formed a new study group, named wireless automotive coexistence, operating under the umbrella of 802.19 working group to highlight the increasing concerns of wireless coexistence in the automotive domain. The radiated open environment coexistence test (ROECT) method offers high flexibility to test wireless devices for coexistence. Radio signal propagation during testing is over the air, reducing access to the signal path. Consequently, monitoring instantaneous device performance is a challenge yet to be addressed. This paper introduces a novel method for estimating the channel utilization of multiple, concurrent wireless transmitters sharing the 2.4-GHz ISM band in the context of ROECT. Passively received power measurements were collected during testing, and then a Gaussian mixture model was used to build a classifier for labeling observed power samples relative to their source. Case studies utilizing IEEE 802.11n as an interfering system with an under test system based on either IEEE 802.11n or ZigBee are detailed. Findings demonstrate the mutual effect of spectrum sharing on both interfering and under test systems in terms of per-second channel utilization and frame collision. Experimental results show an overall accuracy exceeding 98%.
Suppression of the spiral-growth mechanism in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> films grown on miscut substrates (1992)

The growth mechanism and surface microstructures of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−x films are extremely sensitive to substrate miscut angle. The screw dislocation-mediated growth that is so prominent in YBa2Cu3O7−x films grown on well-aligned (001) substrates can be completely eliminated by growing YBa2Cu3O7−x on a substrate that is miscut only 2°–3° away from (001). Films grown on miscut near-(001) LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates consist of overlapping tilted platelets, one c-axis unit cell thick, that are epitaxially aligned with the underlying crystal lattice. This morphology, and the absence of screw-growth features, persists even in relatively thick (∼200 nm) films. The dominance of miscut-aligned growth is explained by the large number of surface steps that act as both nucleation and rapid-growth sites on a miscut surface.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation: Clinical and Imaging Findings in Five Patients (2008)

Purpose: To describe the clinical and imaging findings of hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, which is an extremely rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We collected five patients who had histopathologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, and described morphologic feature, enhancement pattern of tumors, extrahepatic manifestation and clinical findings. Results: At CT, the tumor size ranged from 8 to 17 cm (mean : 12 cm) in maximum diameter. The tumor margin was well-defined and smooth in four patients and all tumors were heterogeneously hypoattenuating. Four tumor showed rim enhancement on arterial and portal phases. Local invasion to the portal vein, intrahepatic duct and gallbladder were seen. Extrahepatic manifestations included hepatic metastases, lymph node metastasis. At ultrasonography, the tumor showed heterogeneously hyperechoic in all patients and hypoechoic rim was found in four patients. Of four patients who were followed up, one survived for 16 months after initial diagnosis, while the other three died within 3 months after initial diagnosis. Conclusion: As described above, clinical and imaging findings of hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation were not specific. However, this rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma could be considered when hepatic tumor is found in an advanced stage and shows persistent rim enhancement at CT.
FIMCH ANTISERUM INHIBITS THE ADHERENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI TO CELLS COLLECTED BY VOIDED URINE SPECIMENS OF DIABETIC WOMEN (2004)

These findings suggest that a vaccine based on FimH adhesin of type 1 fimbriated E. coli is a potential method of preventing urinary tract infection in women with DM.
Racing the Nation (2001)

In the United States few would argue that race is not a central divide, cutting through almost all aspects of social, economic, and cultural life, and drawing a line in the political sand of civil society. For Canadians, the realities of race have, supposedly, been more obscured. These realities are hidden in histories that mythologize marginalization and that wash partially clean the blood-stained record of violence long waged against those marked by the arbitrary, historically-contextualized codes of racialized 'colour': white vs nonwhite. Yet race, for all its mysticized social construction, is increasingly recognized as a potent factor in Canada's past, precisely because it is a troubling 'problem' in our present. "Racing the nation" means acknowledging the powerful continuities, not in the pseudoscientific biological distinctions of census-taking and physiological difference, but in the historically-embedded racisms that have articulated whiteness as power, and the practices that flow from this, segmenting society in diverse ways. The disparate subterranean streams that flow from this process have fed, over the centuries, a common well of racism. Out of this well institutions and individuals have quenched their thirst for order, progress, and democracy in poisonous, if often unappreciated, rationalizations of brutalizing inequality.
Table S1 from Triplet Therapy with Palbociclib, Taselisib, and Fulvestrant in &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt;-Mutant Breast Cancer and Doublet Palbociclib and Taselisib in Pathway-Mutant Solid Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RMH200 panel design&lt;/p&gt;
Electroluminescence Test to Investigate the Humidity Effect on Solar Cells Operation (2018)

The electroluminescence test is an experiment typically used to verify the behavior of the photovoltaic cell and to qualitatively check its integrity. It works by operating the photovoltaic cell as a diode polarized directly: the cells that light up in a module indicate how many of them work. This test provides an estimate of the maximum performance of the entire photovoltaic module. A qualitative inspection was performed by electroluminescence tests on 48 modules of photovoltaic cells. They had already been installed on a small-size concentration solar plant before the test and some modules had reached a lower level of performance than expected. A first electroluminescence test was performed, which showed that only 61.5% of the photocells worked. Since there were visible signs of humidity within the various modules, some of the inoperative modules underwent a dehumidification treatment in a climatic chamber. A second electroluminescence test showed that the percentage of functioning cells had increased to 66.3% after the drying treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Dioxygen‐Copper Reactivity. Comparisons of the Reactions of Electrophiles and Other Reagents with Three Classes of Peroxo‐Dicopper(II), (Cu2‐O2)n+, Species. (1989)

Abstract The results indicate that in (I) and (VII) the peroxo ligand can act as a base or nucleophile, whereas the behavior of (IV) is consistent with an electrophilic nature.
Micromagnetic computational standard problem (abstract) (1997)

Proposed solutions to a standard problem in micromagentics that were collected anonymously from a number of researchers using a variety of computational techniques are presented. This is the first time that a problem in micromagnetics has been attempted by a group. The sample problem is a 1 μm×2 μm rectangular element of Permalloy film, 20 nm thick. The material properties are specified by an exchange stiffness constant, A=1.3×10−11 J/m, a magnetization, M=8.0×105 A/m, and a uniaxial ansotropy constant, K=5.0×102 J/m3 with the easy axis directed parallel to the long edge of the sample. The requested calculations are hysteresis loops for fields directed one degree away from the long and short axes and magnetization configuration data for the remanent states. The results collected show a surprising lack of agreement. For fields applied nearly parallel to the long axis of the sample problem, calculated coercivities range from 2.4 to 33 mT, squareness values range from 0.23 to 1.00, and there is a variety of hysteresis loop shapes and mazgnetization patterns. Similar differences exist in the results for fields applied nearly parallel to the short axis of the sample. Differences in computational methods that give rise to the disparity in the results, e.g., grid geometry and size and magnetostatic field calculation methods, are highlighted.
Direct Comparison of (N)-Methanocarba and Ribose-Containing 2-Arylalkynyladenosine Derivatives as A<sub>3</sub> Receptor Agonists (2020)

A side-by-side pharmacological comparison of ribose and (N)-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) nucleosides as A<sub>3</sub>AR agonists indicated that the bicyclic pseudoribose ring constraint provided higher affinity/selectivity at human and mouse A<sub>3</sub>AR. The mean affinity enhancement for 5 pairs of 5'-methylamides was 11-fold at hA<sub>3</sub>AR and 42-fold at mA<sub>3</sub>AR. Novel C2-(5-fluorothien-2-ylethynyl) substitution enhanced affinity in the methanocarba but not ribose series, with highly hA<sub>3</sub>AR-selective <b>16</b> (MRS7334) displaying K<sub>i</sub> 280 pM and favorable pharmacokinetics and off-target activity profile. Molecular dynamics comparison of <b>16</b> and its corresponding riboside <b>8</b> suggested a qualitative entropic advantage of <b>16</b> in hA<sub>3</sub>AR binding. The 5-F substitution tended to increase hA<sub>3</sub>AR affinity (cf. 5-Cl) for methanocarba but not ribose derivatives. A representative methanocarba agonist <b>4</b> was shown to interact potently exclusively with A<sub>3</sub>AR, among 240 GPCRs and 466 kinases. Thus, despite added synthetic difficulty, the (N)-methanocarba modification has distinct advantages for A<sub>3</sub>AR agonists, which have translational potential for chronic disease treatment.