gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bro Intrusion Detection System (2006)

Bro is a Unix-based Network Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Bro monitors network traffic and detects intrusion attempts based on the traffic characteristics and content. Bro detects intrusions by comparing network traffic against rules describing events that are deemed troublesome. These rules might describe activities (e.g., certain hosts connecting to certain services), what activities are worth alerting (e.g., attempts to a given number of different hosts constitutes a scan), or signatures describing known attacks or access to known vulnerabilities. If Bro detects something of interest, it can be instructed to either issue a log entry or initiate the execution of an operating system command. Bro targets high-speed (Gbps), high-volume intrusion detection. By judiciously leveraging packet filtering techniques, Bro is able to achieve the performance necessary to do so while running on commercially available PC hardware, and thus can serve as a cost effective means of monitoring a sites Internet connection.
Initiation of lipid peroxidation in biological systems (1987)

The direct oxidation of PUFA by triplet oxygen is spin forbidden. The data reviewed indicate that lipid peroxidation is initiated by nonenzymatic and enzymatic reactions. One of the first steps in the initiation of lipid peroxidation in animal tissues is by the generation of a superoxide radical (see Figure 16), or its protonated molecule, the perhydroxyl radical. The latter could directly initiate PUFA peroxidation. Hydrogen peroxide which is produced by superoxide dismutation or by direct enzymatic production (amine oxidase, glucose oxidase, etc.) has a very crucial role in the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Hydrogen peroxide reduction by reduced transition metal generates hydroxyl radicals which oxidize every biological molecule. Hydrogen peroxide also activates myoglobin, hemoglobin, and other heme proteins to a compound containing iron at a higher oxidation state, Fe(IV) or Fe(V), which initiates lipid peroxidation even on membranes. Complexed iron could also be activated by O2- or by H2O2 to ferryl iron compound, which is supposed to initiate PUFA peroxidation. The presence of hydrogen peroxide, especially hydroperoxides, activates enzymes such as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. These enzymes produce hydroperoxides and other physiological active compounds known as eicosanoids. Lipid peroxidation could also be initiated by other free radicals. The control of superoxide and perhydroxyl radical is done by SOD (a) (see Figure 16). Hydrogen peroxide is controlled in tissues by glutathione-peroxidase, which also affects the level of hydroperoxides (b). Hydrogen peroxide is decomposed also by catalase (b). Caeruloplasmin in extracellular fluids prevents the formation of free reduced iron ions which could decompose hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radical (c). Hydroxyl radical attacks on target lipid molecules could be prevented by hydroxyl radical scavengers, such as mannitol, glucose, and formate (d). Reduced compounds and antioxidants (ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, polyphenols, etc.) (e) prevent initiation of lipid peroxidation by activated heme proteins, ferryl ion, and cyclo- and lipoxygenase. In addition, cyclooxygenase is inhibited by aspirin and nonsteroid drugs, such as indomethacin (f). The classical soybean lipoxygenase inhibitors are antioxidants, such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and others, and the substrate analog 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), which also inhibit cyclooxygenase (g). In food, lipoxygenase is inhibited by blanching. Initiation of lipid peroxidation was derived also by free radicals, such as NO2. or CCl3OO. This process could be controlled by antioxidants (e).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
All-optical 100-gbit/s word packet time-division-multiplexed access node in a looped-back configuration: enabling technologies for sequential add–drop functionality (2000)

We experimentally demonstrate the adding, dropping, and passing through of 100-Gbit/s word packets in a looped-back all-optical time-division-multiplexed (TDM) access node. Packets are routed with a 17-dB contrast ratio and demultiplexed with a 20-dB contrast ratio. This node uses short 100-Gbit/s words to demonstrate its potential to process data packets from multiple sources and to perform packet switching in a multinode ring network configuration. The ability to tolerate timing jitter as well as varying input signal characteristics is essential to an all-optical access node in a multinode network. For 2-ps input pulses, the header processor has a timing window of approximately 5 ps, and the demultiplexer has a timing window of approximately 5.5 ps. This allows for tolerance to bit-to-bit timing jitters or to an increase in the pulse width of as much as 3 ps. Packet-to-packet timing jitter is detected and compensated by the technique used to synchronize the local source to each packet. The key enabling technologies of an all-optical TDM packet add-drop multiplexer are discussed, including an erbium-doped fiber laser, a nonlinear optical loop mirror logic gate, self-synchronization to incoming packets with a fast-saturation/slow-recovery gain element followed by an intensity discriminator, a two-wavelength nonlinear optical loop mirror demultiplexer, and synchronization of new packets to the network packet rate with a phase-locked loop. The local source is automatically synchronized to the incoming packet, because it uses an extracted pulse from the packet, which has a contrast ratio of >20 dB to the rest of the packet. Finally, new packets are added by use of a local laser and a synchronization method, which gives a timing jitter of approximately 1 ps. Using a statistical method of measuring Q value with picosecond resolution, we show that a header processor with two cascaded logic gates has a Q value of 7.1 with a 95% confidence level.
Ladder Rung vs. Siderail Hand Grip Strategies (2001)

Abstract When climbers lose their foothold on fixed, straight or extension ladders, the incipient fall may be arrested by gripping either the ladder rungs or siderails. Grasping the rungs provides an interference or power grip; squeezing the siderails provides a friction grip which is the primary focus of this paper. The falling scenario begins with free fall that lasts for the duration of the simple reaction time. Free fall is then decelerated by contravening friction forces derived from hand grip forces rapidly applied to the siderails. Using hand grip/time histories for various individuals, their fall distances were calculated for bare and gloved hands on a vertical steel fixed ladder. Sometimes the candidates could not arrest their falls; often their fall distance was too great to prevent ground impact. Under some circumstances, the vertical motion was brought under timely control. Although a rich literature is available for characterizing grip strength, data reflecting grip/time profiles does not appear. Grip strength/time diagrams were measured for fourteen test subjects.
Editorial: From understanding the biological function of lignin in plants to production of colloidal lignin particles - OPEN ACCESS (2017)

MÃ¤nniskor fÃ¶r vem casinospel till slut blir ett allvarligt problem, och denna artikel (alt. checklista) har sammanstÃ¤llts fÃ¶r dig som misstÃ¤nker att du eventuellt lider av det som vanligtvis kallas fÃ¶r problematiskt spel spelberoende
Improvement of Sub-Pixel Position Sensing in Nonuniform Large-Volume Pixelated CdZnTe Crystals (2013)

In pixelated 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe detectors, the Compton imaging performance highly depends on the accuracy of the reconstructed 3-D interaction positions. The lateral position resolution is traditionally limited by the anode pixel pitch. The use of transient signals from the pixels that do not collect charge can give a more precise lateral interaction position estimate. Material defects and electric field nonuniformity are present in many large-volume CdZnTe crystals. These detector nonuniformities can severely degrade the accuracy of the sub-pixel position algorithm. It is observed that the rise time of the collecting anode signal tends to be longer for the pixels with nonuniform electron drift velocities. This is likely due to diffusion or trapping and detrapping of the electron cloud as it passes through a region with very low drift velocity. In a nonuniform detector, the sub-pixel position distribution was significantly improved by removing the signals with rise time greater than 500 ns. It is shown that rise time is a good indicator of material nonuniformity and imaging performance. When only events with appropriate rise time of anode signals are used, even poor detector material can yield excellent sub-pixel position information, improving the gamma-ray imaging performance. The sub-pixel position and C/A ratio were calculated based on the digitized preamplifier pulse waveforms from the collecting and non-collecting anode pixels.
CoS<sub>2</sub> as a Sulfur Redox-Active Cathode Material for High-Capacity Nonaqueous Zn Batteries (2019)

Nonaqueous Zn-ion batteries are a promising candidate for a high-energy storage system to replace Li-ion batteries. Here, we report on CoS2 as a cathode material for Zn-ion batteries using nonaqueous electrolytes, one exhibiting a maximum capacity of 283 mAh/g. Compositional, valence state, and structural studies reveal Zn2+ de/intercalation mediated by reversible interconversions between 2S2– (sulfide) and S22– (disulfide) forms of sulfur, which is the first such known case operating in a multivalent system. Our findings suggest that anionic redox-active cathode materials offer considerable promise in realizing high capacities in multivalent batteries.
Biotechnological aspects of antibody production in E. coli (1991)

Abstract The production of genetically engineered antibodies in Escherichia coli is now possible. The resulting fragments are completely functional and have antigen binding constants industinguishable from the natural antibody. This article summarizes the biochemical basis of this newly developed technology and the properties of the resulting fragments. It is likely that this technology will have an important role in antibody production for technical, medical and research uses. Screening of E. coli libraries may mount a challenge to traditional antibody production methods.
Influenza A virus transmission: contributing factors and clinical implications (2010)

Efficient human-to-human transmission is a necessary property for the generation of a pandemic influenza virus. To date, only influenza A viruses within the H1-H3 subtypes have achieved this capacity. However, sporadic cases of severe disease in individuals following infection with avian influenza A viruses over the past decade, and the emergence of a pandemic H1N1 swine-origin virus in 2009, underscore the need to better understand how influenza viruses acquire the ability to transmit efficiently. In this review, we discuss the biological constraints and molecular features known to affect virus transmissibility to and among humans. Factors influencing the behaviour of aerosols in the environment are described, and the mammalian models used to study virus transmission are presented. Recent progress in understanding the molecular determinants that confer efficient transmission has identified crucial roles for the haemagglutinin and polymerase proteins; nevertheless, influenza virus transmission remains a polygenic trait that is not completely understood. The clinical implications of this research, including methods currently under investigation to mitigate influenza virus human-to-human transmission, are discussed. A better understanding of the viral determinants necessary for efficient transmission will allow us to identify avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.
Cytokeratins of Tumorigenic and Highly Malignant Respiratory Tract Epithelial Cells (2022)

In malignant airway epithelial cells, structural abnormalities were evident from the cytokeratin organization. To determine whether the cytokeratins themselves were responsible, an in vitro model for bronchogenic carcinoma, consisting of three highly malignant lines and three less tumorigenic lines, was studied. Cytokeratins were evaluated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). When typical constraints on tumors were relieved by in vitro culture, lines showed profiles resembling normal, primary cells. The CK5/CK14 combination, characteristic of basal epithelial layers, was represented by CK6A/CK14. CK17 was invariably present, while CK5, CK7, CK8, CK19, and CK42 content varied. CK19 appeared to substitute for the rarely observed CK18. While lacking the common CK8/CK18 combination of hyperproliferative cells, an invasive, metastasizing line had CK6A/CK7 or CK8 with CK19 suggesting derivation similar to adenocarcinomas. Bands of CK19 and actin migrated to higher pI in tumorigenic and malignant lines than in normal cells. Ubiquitinated acidic cytokeratins with a low isoelectric point (pI) and high molecular weight (MW) showed no consistent differences in lines that differed in growth potential. Type II made up 49–52% of total cytokeratins in nonmalignant lines, whereas highly malignant lines showed lower levels. Posttranslational modifications were identified but could not explain the shortfall of basic cytokeratins.
T1/ST2 signaling establihes it as a member of an expanding interleukin-1 receptor family (1996)

International audience
The impact of gastrostomy in motor neurone disease: challenges and benefits from a patient and carer perspective (2014)

This study highlights the challenges and benefits of gastrostomy as well as the importance of education and information provision. Emphasis should be given to education before and after insertion along with support and care in the community. While the significant impact of gastrostomy on patients and carers should not be underestimated, the potential benefits were described as outweighing these concerns.
SMT-Directory: Efficient Load-Load Ordering for SMT (2010)

Memory models like SC, TSO, and PC enforce load-load ordering, requiring that loads from any thread appear to occur in program order to all other threads. Out-of-order execution can violate load-load ordering. Multi-processors with out-of-order cores detect load-load ordering violations by snooping an age-ordered load queue on cache invalidations or evictions-events that act as proxies for the completion of remote stores. This mechanism becomes less efficient in an SMT, as every completing store must search the loads queue segments of all other threads. This inefficiency exists because store completions from other threads in the same core are not filtered by the cache: thread 0 observes all of thread 1's stores, not only the first store to every cache line. SMT-Directory eliminates this overhead by implementing the filtering traditionally provided by the cache in the cache itself. SMT-Directory adds a per-thread "read'' bit to every cache line. When a load executes, it sets the bit corresponding to its thread. When a store completes, it checks the SMT-Directory bits of its cache line and searches the load queue segments only of those threads whose bits are set. As a result, local store completions trigger searches only for data that is actually shared.
Transvenous lead extraction after heart transplantation: How to avoid abandoned lead fragments (2020)

Our results demonstrate that chronically implanted leads should be removed in an elective procedure, using appropriate extraction tools. This enables complete lead extraction, which reduces the infection risk in this patient population with the necessity for permanent immunosuppressive therapy and allows further MRI surveillance.
Investigation of Aluminides as Potential Matrix Materials for Inert Matrix Nuclear Fuels (2008)

New nuclear fuel forms are being sought in an effort to burn down plutonium inventories and for minor actinide transmutation. A study was conducted to screen two potential materials for a new fuel form. In this study, inert matrix fuels (IMFs) were considered as a nuclear fuel type, with particular emphasis on the matrix materials and their compatibility with surrogate oxides/nitrides and cladding materials. In a fuel cycle application, fuel materials need high thermal conductivity, good radiation tolerance, relatively high melting point, ease of fabrication, and suitability for separation. Due to their physical, mechanical and thermal properties, as well as relative ease of fabrication, nickel aluminide (NiAl) and ruthenium aluminide (RuAl) and their solid solutions were considered as potential matrix candidates for IMFs. Such IMFs can be of interest for fast and thermal spectrum applications. This study focused on the ease of fabrication, interaction of molten NiAl and RuAl with the oxides/nitrides, and the compatibility of NiAl and RuAl with the materials in the system, such as oxide/nitrides and typical cladding materials (Zr-4 and HT-9). Results from the experiments indicate limited interaction between the aluminides and cladding materials where inter-diffusion over the 168 hour test period occurred in the worst case a distance of about 11 μm. In light of the results, it was concluded that RuAl and NiAl are promising candidates for IMF materials, warranting further investigation.
Visible light induced photocatalytic activity of Fe<sup>3+</sup>/Ti<sup>3+</sup> co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures (2014)

Black TiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures co-doped with Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Ti<sup>3+</sup> were synthesized by annealing Fe-deposited TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes under vacuum.
Identification of miRNAs with potential roles in regulation of anther development and male-sterility in 7B-1 male-sterile tomato mutant (2015)

The 7B-1 tomato line (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rutgers) is a photoperiod-sensitive male-sterile mutant, with potential application in hybrid seed production. Small RNAs (sRNAs) in tomato have been mainly characterized in fruit development and ripening, but none have been studied with respect to flower development and regulation of male-sterility. Using sRNA sequencing, we identified miRNAs that are potentially involved in anther development and regulation of male-sterility in 7B-1 mutant. Two sRNA libraries from 7B-1 and wild type (WT) anthers were sequenced and thirty two families of known miRNAs and 23 new miRNAs were identified in both libraries. MiR390, miR166, miR159 were up-regulated and miR530, miR167, miR164, miR396, miR168, miR393, miR8006 and two new miRNAs, miR#W and miR#M were down-regulated in 7B-1 anthers. Ta-siRNAs were not differentially expressed and likely not associated with 7B-1 male-sterility. miRNA targets with potential roles in anther development were validated using 5′-RACE. QPCR analysis showed differential expression of miRNA/target pairs of interest in anthers and stem of 7B-1, suggesting that they may regulate different biological processes in these tissues. Expression level of most miRNA/target pairs showed negative correlation, except for few. In situ hybridization showed predominant expression of miR159, GAMYBL1, PMEI and cystatin in tapetum, tetrads and microspores. Overall, we identified miRNAs with potential roles in anther development and regulation of male-sterility in 7B-1. A number of new miRNAs were also identified from tomato for the first time. Our data could be used as a benchmark for future studies of the molecular mechanisms of male-sterility in other crops.
Auriculo‐condylar syndrome is associated with highly variable ear and mandibular defects in multiple kindreds (2005)

We report on 20 individuals in 4 kindreds with auriculo-condylar syndrome (ACS), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital auricular clefts, mandibular condyle hypoplasia, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) abnormalities, micrognathia, microstomia, and a round facial appearance with prominent cheeks. Affected individuals have varying degrees of glossoptosis, respiratory distress, masticatory abnormalities, and malocclusion. Data from these families and those previously described suggest that this is a unique disorder with widely variable expression, including lack of obvious external anomalies in some individuals and severe ear malformations, condyle agenesis, and characteristic facial features in others. Early recognition of this condition should permit appropriate counseling and anticipatory guidance, including evaluation for reconstructive surgery and orthodontia and intervention for upper airway obstruction and sleep apnea.
Contemporary Practices of Extending Traditional Asian Instruments Using Technology (2014)

Ongoing development of audio and informational technology has had an impact on almost every aspect of the musical arts. Cultures and subcultures have cross-pollinated through the rapid exchange of information and have metamorphosed into new fields of technology-based art forms, one of which is the integration of technology in Asian ethnic musics. This article specifically focuses on the integration of technology with the traditional music of India, Indonesia, China, Japan and Korea. By reviewing the history of this metier, we explore the various applications of technology in traditional Asian music and its future.
Fourier ptychographic microscopy image enhancement with bi-modal deep learning (2023)

Digital pathology based on a whole slide imaging system is about to permit a major breakthrough in automated diagnosis for rapid and highly sensitive disease detection. High-resolution FPM (Fourier ptychographic microscopy) slide scanners delivering rich information on biological samples are becoming available. They allow new effective data exploitation for efficient automated diagnosis. However, when the sample thickness becomes comparable to or greater than the microscope depth of field, we report an observation of undesirable contrast change of sub-cellular compartments in phase images around the optimal focal plane, reducing their usability. In this article, a bi-modal U-Net artificial neural network (i.e., a two channels U-Net fed with intensity and phase images) is trained to reinforce specifically targeted sub-cellular compartments contrast for both intensity and phase images. The procedure used to construct a reference database is detailed. It is obtained by exploiting the FPM reconstruction algorithm to explore images around the optimal focal plane with virtual Z-stacking calculations and selecting those with adequate contrast and focus. By construction and once trained, the U-Net is able to simultaneously reinforce targeted cell compartment visibility and compensate for any focus imprecision. It is efficient over a large field of view at high resolution. The interest of the approach is illustrated considering the use-case of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> detection in blood smear where improvement in the detection sensitivity is demonstrated without degradation of the specificity. Post-reconstruction FPM image processing with such U-Net and its training procedure is general and applicable to demanding biological screening applications.