gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of material measures for areal surface topography measuring instrument calibration (2020)

Abstract The calibration of areal surface topography measuring instruments is a topic that is currently under discussion in international standard committees and a specification standard that defines the so-called ‘metrological characteristics’ has been published. For the broad industrial adoption of the metrological characteristics for calibration, however, clear and easy-to-apply calibration guidelines are required. Thus, a single-sample calibration artefact has been developed which allows the determination of the standardised metrological characteristics. In order to promote the adoption of the metrological characteristics calibration framework, measurements of the material measures with different instruments have been conducted and the results are presented. We report early work on the uncertainty of the comparison results and discuss systematic deviations between the various surface topography measuring instruments.
Switching of the first hyperpolarisability (2005)

Second-order nonlinear optical properties of organic and inorganic materials have been widely investigated. However, it becomes more important to be able to switch the molecules from an 'on' state to an 'off' state, or vise versa. Several switching schemes can be thought of. We will focus our attention to alter the donor properties of metalorganic compounds. Therefore, we will oxidize the metal center of the compound chemically. Since it is more interesting to be able to electrochemically switch the metal center, we developed a combined electrochemistry/hyper-Rayleigh scattering cell to perform in-situ electrochemical switching of the hyper-Rayleigh response.
Removal of non-diffraction wave in optical-path-length-shifting digital holography (2010)

We propose an algorithm for extracting the image of an object from the reconstructed image in the in-line digital holography using two holograms reported by Y. Zhang. In the proposed algorithm the non-diffraction wave can be analytically calculated by using the intensity of the reference wave and be removed from the reconstructed image. We confirmed the validity of the proposed algorithm by numerical results. In comparison with the algorithm reported by Zhang, it was found that the proposed algorithm reduced the errors down to 1/5 and 1/3 in amplitude and phase by the simulation, respectively when the ratio of the amplitude of the reference wave to that of the object wave was 4. Thus, if have been confirmed that the digital holography employing the proposed algorithm have be suitable for high-precision three-dimensional image capturing and measurement.
Impact of HDL genetic risk scores on coronary artery calcified plaque and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes from the Diabetes Heart Study (2013)

The GRS analyzed in this study provide a tool for assessment of HDL-associated SNPs and their impact on CVD risk in T2D. The observed associations between several of the GRS and CAC suggest a potential role for HDL-associated SNPs on subclinical CVD risk in patients with T2D.
Nanoconfinement of the Low‐Temperature Dark Conglomerate: Structural Control from Focal Conics to Helical Nanofilaments (2019)

The helical nanofilament (HNF) and low-temperature dark conglomerate (DC) liquid-crystal (LC) phases of bent-core molecules show the same local layer structure but present different bulk morphologies. The DC phase is characterized by the formation of nanoscale toric focal conics, whereas the HNF phase is constructed of bundles of twisted layers. Although the local layer structure is similar in both phases, materials that form these phases tend to form one morphology in preference to the other. Targeted control of the nanostructures would provide pathways to potential applications and insight into how conditions drive a specific phase formation. Here, W624, a compound known to form the DC phase is confined in nanometer scale channels of porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Within each nanochannel, the DC phase is suppressed forming the HNF structure instead, indicating the nanoscale spatial limitation can control the phase structure of the DC phase.
Enhancement of Fusion Reactivity under Non-Maxwellian Distributions: Effects of Drift-Ring-Beam, Slowing-Down, and Kappa Super-Thermal Distributions (2023)

Non-Maxwellian distributions of particles are commonly observed in fusion studies, especially for magnetic confinement fusion plasmas. The particle distribution has a direct effect on fusion reactivity, which is the focus of this study. We investigate the effects of three types of non-Maxwellian distributions, namely drift-ring-beam, slowing-down, and kappa super-thermal distributions, on the fusion reactivities of D-T (Deuterium-Trillium) and p-B11 (proton-Boron) using a newly developed program, where the enhancement of fusion reactivity relative to the Maxwellian distribution is computed while keeping the total kinetic energy constant. The calculation results show that for the temperature ranges of interest to us, namely 5-50 keV for D-T and 100-500 keV for p-B11, these non-Maxwellian distributions can enhance the fusion reactivities. In the case of the drift-ring-beam distribution, the enhancement factors for both reactions are affected by the perpendicular ring beam velocity, leading to decreased enhancement in low temperature range and increased enhancement in high temperature range. However, this effect is favorable for p-B11 fusion reaction and unfavorable for D-T fusion reaction. In the slowing-down distribution, the birth speed plays a crucial role in both reactions, and increasing birth speed leads to a shift in the enhancement ranges towards lower temperatures, which is beneficial for both reactions. Finally, the kappa super-thermal distribution results in a relatively large enhancement in the low temperature range with a small high energy power-law index κ. Overall, this study provides insight into the effects of non-Maxwellian distributions on fusion reactivity and highlights potential opportunities for enhancing fusion efficiency.
Robust Control Optimization for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms (2020)

Quantum variational algorithms have garnered significant interest recently, due to their feasibility of being implemented and tested on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We examine the robustness of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), which can be used to solve certain quantum control problems, state preparation problems, and combinatorial optimization problems. We demonstrate that the error of QAOA simulation can be significantly reduced by robust control optimization techniques, specifically, by sequential convex programming (SCP), to ensure error suppression in situations where the source of the error is known but not necessarily its magnitude. We show that robust optimization improves both the objective landscape of QAOA as well as overall circuit fidelity in the presence of coherent errors and errors in initial state preparation.
Performativité de la critique (2021)

Nul n’oserait soutenir que le savoir de l’architecte n’est pas un savoir critique. La critique du monde est en effet inhérente à tout projet qui vise à le transformer. Néanmoins, l’ampleur de la perspective ouverte par la conscience critique est un produit historique, qui change avec le temps. Depuis une quarantaine d’années (au moins depuis qu’on a accusé les architectes italiens d’opérer un « repli stratégique de l’architecture moderne »), une certaine notion de savoir « critique » assume une fonction de plus en plus prépondérante. Après la crise du lien supposé par les modernes entre langage architectural, programme de transformation sociale et perspectives éthiques, le concepteur n’agit plus seulement en fonction d’une disposition déterminée dans l’espace et le temps ; mais à travers le projet il ouvre un discours sur le monde qui présuppose d’autres espaces et temps futurs invérifiables. C’est ce qui s’est passé en Italie entre les années 1950 et 1980, où le projet a été interprété comme le véhicule neutre d’un discours élaboré principalement dans la tête de l’architecte. La prévalence de l’intention permet ainsi à l’architecte de proposer sa propre « vision du monde », dont la légitimité, fondée sur l’origine et non sur les effets, n’a pas besoin d’être négociée avec quiconque, et court constamment le risque d’être autoréférentiel. Si en revanche le projet se comprend comme le produit d’une stratégie continuellement déviée par un certain nombre d’instances, alors la condition critique perd son statut de tierce partie, et entre dans le jeu de l’action comme un outil parmi d’autres de la performance du projet. Placer le savoir critique à l’intérieur, et non au-dessus, du travail pratique permet d’ouvrir une réflexion systématique sur la puissance du projet. Cela implique un déplacement de l’attention du sujet-auteur vers l’objet-projet, et permet un traitement analytique et vérifiable des pratiques projectuelles. L’action projectuelle peut en effet se comprendre comme un ensemble spécifique de compétences et de pouvoirs à mi-chemin entre technique et politique, dimension bureaucratique et symbolique, prévision et narration.
Isolation and Solubilization of Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall-Associated Proteins (2008)

This chapter describes a simple, rapid and reproducible method to prepare bacterial cell wall extracts for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). The extraction process uses mutanolysin, an N-acetylmuramidase, to gently solubilize cell wall-associated proteins from Gram-positive prokaryotes. The cells are first washed with buffer and resuspended in a solution containing mutanolysin. Following incubation at 37 degrees C, the sample is centrifuged and the supernatant containing the soluble cell wall-associated proteins is harvested. Following a brief precipitation step, the pellet is solubilized in sample buffer ready for isoelectric focusing and 2DE analysis.
A membrane interferometer (2009)

Freestanding phospholipid bilayers have been assembled spanning shallow, micrometer-sized wells etched into a Si wafer substrate so that the bilayers are near (within hundreds of nanometers) but not in contact with the wafer surface. The proximity of the bilayers to the highly reflective Si/SiO(2) interface allows them to be probed by using fluorescence-interference techniques. These interferometry measurements show that the bilayers are curved and that the curvature can be varied by changes in osmotic pressure. Furthermore, the ionophore gramicidin can be incorporated into the bilayers, making them selectively permeable to monovalent cations. This freestanding architecture may overcome surface-interaction problems that occur when cell membrane proteins are introduced into solid supported bilayers, while also allowing for high-precision measurements of changes in fluorophore position by interferometry.
A Model-Predictive Control Method for Coordinating Virtual Power Plants and Packetized Resources, with Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation (2019)

In this paper, we employ a bi-level control system to react to disturbances and balance power mismatch by coordinating distributed energy resources (DERs) under packetized energy management. Packetized energy management (PEM) is a novel bottom-up asynchronous and randomizing coordination paradigm for DERs that guarantees quality of service, autonomy, and privacy to the end-user. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation of a cyber-physical system consisting of PEM enabled DERs, flexible virtual power plants (VPPs) and transmission grid is developed in this work. A predictive, energy-constrained dispatch of aggregated PEM-enabled DERs is formulated, implemented, and validated on the HIL cyber-physical platform. The energy state of VPPs, composed of a fleet of diverse DERs distributed in the grid, depend upon the distinct real-time usage of these devices. The experimental results demonstrate that the existing control schemes, such as AGC, dispatch VPPs without regard to their energy state, which leads to unexpected capacity saturation. By accounting for the energy states of VPPs, model-predictive control (MPC) can optimally dispatch conventional generators and VPPs to overcome disturbances while avoiding undesired capacity saturation. The results show the improvement in dynamics by using MPC over conventional AGC and droop for a system with energy-constrained resources.
Analytical Resolution of 4-ARYL-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydroquinazoline-2-Thiones using a Cellulose Chiral Stationary Phase (1999)

ABSTRACT Racemic 4-aryl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinazoline-2-thiones were resolved into their enantiomers by HPLC on cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) coated on silica gel using ethanol:n-hexane (70:30) as a mobile phase. A convenient method for preparation of cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) chiral stationary phase was described and the enantiomers were characterized by some chromatographic data.
Principios y desarrollo de la electronica del calorimetro electromagnetico forward de delphi (1991)

EL CALORIMETRO ELECTROMAGNETICO FORWARD DE DELPHI ES UN CALORIMETRO DE VIDRIO DE PLOMO QUE UTILIZA UN SISTEMA DE TRANSDUCCION ORIGINAL: FOTOMULTIPLICADORES DE UN SOLO DINODO A LOS QUE SE LES HA DENOMINADO FOTOTRIODOS. LA UTILIZACION DE ESTOS HA SIDO NECESARIA DADO QUE EL DETECTOR ESTA EN PRESENCIA DE UN CAMPO MAGNETICO DE 1,2 TESLA. LA TESIS HACE UN ESTUDIO DE LA ELECTRONICA ASOCIADA AL DETECTOR ESPECIALMENTE A LO REFERENTE AL TEMA DEL RUIDO INTRINSECO, MUY IMPORTANTE POR SU CONTRIBUCION A LA DEGRADACION DE LA RESOLUCION ENERGETICA. ASIMISMO LA TESIS HACE UNA DESCRIPCION Y DESARROLLO DEL 1ER NIVEL DE TRIGGER Y SU IMPLEMENTACION ELECTRONICA. EL ESTUDIO SE COMPLETA CON LOS RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS DE LA CADENA ELECTRONICA EN EL LABORATORIO, EN EL AREA NORTE DEL CERN Y EN LA INSTALACION FINAL DE DELPHI.
Anti-proliferative effect of two lactic acid bacteria strains of human origin on the growth of a myeloma cell line (2001)

The beneficial effect of LAB cancer therapy has been linked to their ability for immunomodulation.
Making exciton physics easy and affordable (2023)

Abstract We present a facile and low-cost undergraduate laboratory experiment to study exciton physics. Using a simple abrasion technique to create samples of thin-film van der Waals material samples and a low-cost spectrometer, we show that prominent excitonic features can be easily resolved in the optical transmission spectra of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides at ambient conditions. Our method brings interesting semiconductor quasiparticle physics to low-budget departments, hoping to expand their undergraduate laboratory curriculum.
Mesh gradation control (1998)

This paper gives a procedure to control the size variation in a mesh adaption scheme where the size specification (the so-called control space) is used to govern the mesh generation stage. The method consists in replacing the initial control space by a reduced one by means of size or metric. It allows to improve, a priori, the quality of the adapted mesh and to speed up the adaption procedure. Several numerical examples show the efficiency of the reduction scheme. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunomodulatory therapy with glatiramer acetate reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2023)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are found in lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) and animal models of MS such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and may contribute to the neuronal loss that underlies permanent impairment. We investigated whether glatiramer acetate (GA) can reduce these changes in the spinal cords of chronic EAE mice by using routine histology, immunostaining, and electron microscopy. EAE spinal cord tissue exhibited increased inflammation, demyelination, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, downregulation of NAD+ dependent pathways, and increased neuronal death. GA reversed these pathological changes, suggesting that immunomodulating therapy can indirectly induce neuroprotective effects in the CNS by mediating ER stress.
Path to achieving molecular dispersion in a dense reactive mixture (2015)

A uniform dispersion of reactants is necessary to achieve a complete reaction involving multicomponents. In this study, we have examined the role of plasticizer in the reaction of two seemingly unlikely reactants: a highly crystalline hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and a strongly hydrogen bonded phenol formaldehyde resin. By combining information from NMR, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, we were able to determine the role of specific intermolecular interactions necessary for the plasticizer to dissolve the highly crystalline HMTA and to plasticize the phenol formaldehyde resin in this crosslinking reaction. The presence of the plasticizer increased the segmental mobility, disrupted the hydrogen bonded matrix, and freed the hydroxyl units, which further increased the solubility of the HMTA. Both the endothermic and exothermic transitions are accounted for in the calorimetric data obtained. For the first time, it is possible to obtain the effective molar ratio of each component needed to complete the crosslinking reaction efficiently. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1519–1526
Improvement of Lap-Time of a Rear Wheel Drive Electric Racing Vehicle by a Novel Motor Torque Control Strategy (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a novel strategy for the control of the motor torques of a rear wheel drive electric vehicle with the objective of improving the lap time of the vehicle around a racetrack. The control strategy is based upon increasing the size of the friction circle by implementing torque vectoring and tire slip control. A two-level nested control strategy is used for the motor torque control. While the outer level is responsible for computing the desired corrective torque vectoring yaw moment, the inner level controls the motor torques to realize the desired corrective torque vectoring yaw moment while simultaneously controlling the wheel longitudinal slip. The performance of the developed controller is analyzed by simulating laps around a racetrack with a non-linear multi-body vehicle model and a professional human racing driver controller setting. The advantage of the developed control strategy is studied by looking qualitatively and quantitatively at the sectors of the track where the controlled vehicle gains lap time. Simulation results indicate improvement in the vehicle controllability due to oversteer control and in the racetrack lap time due to better utilization of the available tire grip.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
O1‐01‐05: Brain microvascular fragility is a major cause of Alzheimer's disease (2009)

We have found with serial iron sensitive MRI (susceptibility weighted imaging - SWI) that a progressive increase in small brain microbleeds (BMB) correlates with a dementing course in elderly subjects. Our prospective study of sporadic late-onset dementia extended over a five and a half year period enabled the simultaneous detection of both BMB and regional iron levels. BMB are radiologic biomarkers for microvascular fragility. A community-based cohort of 103 participants; 75 mildly cognitively impaired (MCI) and 28 cognitively normal subjects have been studied for a five and a half year period with serial head SWI and serum proteomic tests. SWI is a high resolution, 3D gradient echo sequence that takes advantage of phase information present in every MR image to produce images of BMB. SWI is far more sensitive for BMB detection than the commonly used clinical sequence - gradient echo T2* (GE-T2*). There is a six-fold increase in number of BMB detectable by SWI at 1.5 T than GE-T2*. Changes in cognitive status monitored by comprehensive psychometric evaluations have been correlated with BMB, regional iron levels, serum proteomics and post-mortem brain studies. Counts of BMB when increasing and clustered are correlated with cognitive loss. BMB clustering, as well as radiologic-neuropathological studies of cadaver brains show progressive fragility of proximate small blood vessels. Serial proteomic studies have identified complementary serum biomarkers related to hemoglobin degradation. BMB once initiated activate a cascade of cellular and genetic events that by a positive feedback mechanism further weaken the vasculature, promote additional BMB, with neuronal death. Once BMB appearance has been observed, lesions then avalanche in a domino-effect with clustering and increasing cognitive loss. These observations lead to a conclusion that brain microvascular fragility is a major cause for Alzheimer's disease. This research was funded by NIH Grant #AG20948.
Stochastic Discounting, Aggregate Claims, and the Bootstrap (1994)

Obtaining good estimates for the distribution function of random variables like (‘perpetuity’) and (‘aggregate claim amount’), where the ( Y i ), ( Z i ) are independent i.i.d. sequences and ( N ( t )) is a general point process, is a key question in insurance mathematics. In this paper, we show how suitably chosen metrics provide a theoretical justification for bootstrap estimation in these cases. In the perpetuity case, we also give a detailed discussion of how the method works in practice.
Switchable surfaces from highly hydrophobic to highly hydrophilic using covalent imine bonds (2015)

ABSTRACT The formation of materials with switchable wettability is extremely important for various applications such as in separation membranes or liquid transportation. Here, we report for the first time the use of imine bonds in order to prepare switchable hydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces. Based on a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) surface bearing amino groups, imination reaction allows for reversible functionalization of surfaces with various carbonyl groups. Here, surfaces functionalization induces high hydrophobic properties while the surface structures are preserved. This reaction can be a choice method to prepare switchable surfaces for a large range of applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43130.
Organic electronics: from lab to markets (2014)

Organic semiconductors with conjugated electron system are currently intensively investigated for optoelectronic applications. This interest is spurred by novel devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic solar cells, and flexible electronics. In this talk, I will discuss some of the recent progress in realizing devices, in particular highly efficient white OLED for lighting and flexible organic solar cells.