gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Gain 500-GHz InP HBT Power Amplifiers (2021)

We report two terahertz monolithic integrated circuit (TMIC) amplifiers operating at 500 GHz. The 6-stage single-ended power amplifiers use Teledyne's 130 nm indium-phosphide double heterojunction bipolar transistors in a common-base configuration. The impedance matching networks of the first amplifier are designed with shunt lines while the second amplifier uses shunt metal-insulator-metal capacitors. We measured and compared the small-signal and large-signal performance of the two amplifiers around 500 GHz. Although the two TMICs exhibit a similar transducer gain (24 dB) and output power (up to −0.7 dBm), we obtained better yield with the amplifiers designed with shunt lines.
Shock-induced alpha-omega structural phase transformation of titanium: A molecular-dynamics study (2004)

No abstract prepared.
Foreword to the Special Issue on the 44th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2018) (2019)

The papers included in this special section were presented at the 44th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2018) that was held from September 23–27, 2018, in Rome, Italy.
Desulfuromonas palmitatis sp. nov., a marine dissimilatory Fe(III) reducer that can oxidize long-chain fatty acids. (1995)

Studies on the microorganisms living in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments in San Diego Bay, California led to the isolation of a novel Fe(III)-reducing microorganism. This organism, designated strain SDBY1, was an obligately anaerobic, non-motile, non-flagellated, gram-negative rod. Strain SDBY1 conserves energy to support growth from the oxidation of acetate, lactate, succinate, fumarate, laurate, palmitate, or stearate. H2 was also oxidized with the reduction of Fe(III), but growth with H2 as the sole electron donor was not observed. In addition to various forms of soluble and insoluble Fe(III), strain SDBY1 also coupled growth to the reduction of fumarate, Mn(IV), or S0. Air-oxidized minus dithionite-reduced difference spectra exhibited peaks at 552.8, 523.6, and 422.8 nm, indicative of c-type cytochrome(s). Strain SDBY1 shares physiological characteristics with organisms in the genera Geobacter, Pelobacter, and Desulfuromonas. Detailed analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence indicated that strain SDBY1 should be placed in the genus Desulfuromonas. The new species name Desulfuromonas palmitatis is proposed. D. palmitatis is only the second marine organism found (after D. acetoxidans) to oxidize multicarbon organic compounds completely to carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as an electron acceptor and provides the first pure culture model for the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids coupled to Fe(III) reduction.
Constructive decomposition of BMO functions and factorization of 𝐴_{𝑝} weights (1983)

We give elementary proofs of the decomposition of BMO functions on the line and factorization of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A Subscript p"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{A_p}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> weights. Our method is an explicit version of a construction due to the third author.
Weak interactions but potent effect: tunable mechanoluminescence by adjusting intermolecular C–H⋯π interactions (2018)

A new mechanoluminescent material (4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)(4-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)methanone (CDpP), which displays tunable mechanoluminescent emission colors, has been designed and successfully synthesized. CDpP shows two distinct mechanoluminescent colors (blue and green) in different crystalline states. Single-crystal analyses and femtosecond transient emission studies reveal that the striking tunable mechanoluminescence properties of CDpP mainly originate from the different C-H···π interactions in the crystal structures. CDpP crystals with more C-H···π interactions show blue mechanoluminescence (ML), and the emission is attributed to the locally excited (LE)-state because the twisting process for the excited state is restricted by C-H···π interactions. Conversely, CDpP crystals with fewer C-H···π interactions display green ML, in which the red-shifted emission band originates from the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) excited state because the diphenylamine moiety is relatively free to rotate. The manipulation of weak intermolecular interactions in the crystalline state is a useful and reliable strategy for the tuning of the ML emission wavelengths.
Case 8-2009 (2009)

Severe headaches associated with hypertension developed in a 36-year-old woman 10 days after delivery of twins by cesarean section; initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic examinations were normal. Headaches persisted despite antihypertensive medications; a seizure and an episode of aphasia and hemiparesis occurred. Repeated MRI and magnetic resonance angiography showed posterior white-matter changes on T2-weighted sequences and multifocal narrowing and dilatation of intracranial arteries. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Depth estimation from multi-scale SLIC superpixels using non-parametric learning (2017)

This study introduces a novel depth estimation method that can automatically generate plausible depth map from a single image with unstructured environment. Our goal is to extrapolate depth map with more correct, rich, and distinct depth order, which is both quantitatively accurate as well as visually pleasing. Based on the preexisting DepthTransfer algorithm, our approach primarily transfers depth information at the level of superpixels from the most photometrically similar retrieval images under the framework of non-parametric learning. Posteriorly, we propose to concurrently warp the corresponding superpixels in multi-scale levels, where we employ an improved SLIC technique to segment the RGBD images from coarse to fine. Then, modified Cross Bilateral Filter is leveraged to refine the final depth field. With respect to training and evaluation, we perform our experiment on the popular Make3D dataset and demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art in both efficacy and computational efficiency. Especially, the final results show that in qualitatively evaluation, our results are visually superior in realism and simultaneously more immersive.
Robot for MRI-Guided ALS Spinal Therapy (2017)

Limited treatment options are available for treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (1). Small animal models have shown promise in halting neurodegeneration associated with ALS where cellular therapeutics are delivered to the ventral horn of the spinal cord (2), although this procedure is invasive and requires multi-level laminectomy and dissection of the dura mater (Fig. 1). We hypothesized that SpinoBof, a robotic needle guidance platform (Fig. 2) could deliver cellular therapeutics to the ventral horn percutaneously under MRI guidance, enhancing upon existing invasive and time-consuming techniques for targeting injection sites.
Noise Harvesting (2009)

Kinetic energy harvesting has been the subject of a significant research effort in the last twenty years. Unfortunately most of the energy available at the microscales comes in the form of random vibrations with a wide spectrum of frequencies while standard harvesting methods are based on linear oscillators that are resonantly tuned in narrow frequency ranges. In this paper we present a novel approach based on the exploitation of nonlinear stochastic dynamics and show that, under proper conditions nonlinear oscillators can beat the standard linear approaches with significant increase in the harvesting efficency. For the sake of demonstration we present experimental results from a toy‐model bistable oscillator made by a piezoelectric inverted pendulum.
Explorative Solid-Phase Extraction (E-SPE) for Accelerated Microbial Natural Product Discovery, Dereplication, and Purification (2010)

Microbial natural products (NP) cover a high chemical diversity, and in consequence extracts from microorganisms are often complex to analyze and purify. A distribution analysis of calculated pK(a) values from the 34390 records in Antibase2008 revealed that within pH 2-11, 44% of all included compounds had an acidic functionality, 17% a basic functionality, and 9% both. This showed a great potential for using ion-exchange chromatography as an integral part of the separation procedure, orthogonal to the classic reversed-phase strategy. Thus, we investigated the use of an "explorative solid-phase extraction" (E-SPE) protocol using SAX, Oasis MAX, SCX, and LH-20 columns for targeted exploitation of chemical functionalities. E-SPE provides a minimum of fractions (15) for chemical and biological analyses and implicates development into a preparative scale methodology. Overall, this allows fast extract prioritization, easier dereplication, mapping of biological activities, and formulation of a purification strategy.
Microparticles: New Protagonists in Pericellular and Intravascular Proteolysis (2013)

Microparticles (MPs) are small vesicles resulting from the shedding of cellular membrane during activation or apoptosis processes. Beyond their well-described procoagulant property, accumulating data show that specific endothelial cell-, leukocyte-, tumor-derived MPs bind plasminogen and vectorize plasminogen activators, leading to an efficient plasmin generation and matrix metalloproteinases activation. This review focuses on the molecular equipment of MPs subpopulations that identify MPs as efficient support for plasmin generation and the potential consequences of this new function. By the combined facts that MPs may disseminate, concentrate active proteolytic molecules and represent a protective environment against soluble inhibitors, MPs behave as an efficient catalytic surface involved in vascular and matrix proteolysis-related biological processes. The existence of this proteolytic MPs in the circulation or in body fluids raises the question about the physiological relevance of this activity. Consequences are suggested in many biological processes such as fibrinolysis, cell survival, matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. However, further studies will be necessary to determine the extent in which in vivo MPs contribute to these pathophysiological mechanisms and how this circulating property of MPs may represent a new biomarker in specific clinical situations.
3DBodyNet: Fast Reconstruction of 3D Animatable Human Body Shape From a Single Commodity Depth Camera (2021)

Knowledge about individual body shape has numerous applications in various domains such as healthcare, fashion and personalized entertainment. Most of the depth based whole body scanners need multiple cameras surrounding the user and requiring the user to keep a canonical pose strictly during capturing depth images. These scanning devices are expensive and need professional knowledge for operation. In order to make 3D scanning as easy-to-use and fast as possible, there is a great demand to simplify the process and to reduce the hardware requirements. In this paper, we propose a deep learning algorithm, dubbed 3DBodyNet, to rapidly reconstruct the 3D shape of human bodies using a single commodity depth camera. As easy-to-use as taking a photo using a mobile phone, our algorithm only needs two depth images of the front-facing and back-facing bodies. The proposed algorithm has strong operability since it is insensitive to the pose and the pose variations between the two depth images. It can also reconstruct an accurate body shape for users under tight/loose clothing. Another advantage of our method is the ability to generate an animatable human body model. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method enables robust and easy-to-use animatable human body reconstruction, and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with respect to running time and accuracy.
The premise of capsid assembly modulators towards eliminating HBV persistence (2023)

Mono- or combination therapy, including CAMs with other HBV drugs, may potentially eliminate hepatitis B infections. Nevertheless, more data on their potential effect on HBV elimination is needed, especially when used daily for 6-12 months.
Cell Death Triggers Induce MLKL Cleavage in Multiple Myeloma Cells, Which may Promote Cell Death (2022)

Necroptosis is a type of caspase-independent programmed cell death that has been implicated in cancer development. Activation of the canonical necroptotic pathway is often characterized with successive signaling events as the phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), followed by MLKL oligomerization and plasma membrane rupture. Here, we demonstrate that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA/EPA and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induce necroptosis in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells in a RIPK3 independent manner. In addition, it seemed to be that phosphorylation of MLKL was not essential for necroptosis induction in MM cells. We show that treatment of MM cells with these cytotoxic compounds induced cleavage of MLKL into a 35 kDa protein. Furthermore, proteolytic cleavage of MLKL was triggered by activated caspase-3/8/10, and mutation of Asp140Ala in MLKL blocked this cleavage. The pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK efficiently prevented DHA/EPA and bortezomib induced cell death. In addition, nuclear translocation of total MLKL and the C-terminus were detected in treated MM cells. Collectively, this present study suggests that caspase-mediated necroptosis may occur under (patho)physiological conditions, delineating a novel regulatory mechanism of necroptosis in RIPK3-deficient cancer cells.
Josephson acoustic radiation in superfluid 4He: Towards a quantum mechanical pressure standard (1997)

Below 2.2 K, 4He is a superfluid that exhibits nearly dissipationless flow for velocities less than a well defined critical velocity. For flow through submicron apertures, the superfluid begins to dissipate energy at the critical velocity by the creation and motion of individual quantized vortices across the aperture. Using a recently developed pressure control technique, a constant pressure drop, ΔP, is applied across the aperture. This causes the vortices to cross the aperture at a Josephson frequency given by fj=(m4ΔP)/(ρh) where m4 is the mass of a helium atom and h is Plank’s constant. The periodic vortex crossing causes the superfluid velocity in the aperture to oscillate and emit acoustic radiation at fj. This sound source will radiate a total power of 10−21 W into freespace. Radiation from the vortex motion has been detected using a 1/4 wave resonant detector and a novel cryogenic microphone. This phenomena could lead to a frequency based pressure standard where the frequency is determined by quantum mechanics. [Work partially supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA.]
Extensive eigenvalues in spin-spin correlations: A tool for counting pure states in Ising spin glasses (2001)

We study the nature of the broken ergodicity in the low temperature phase of Ising spin glass systems, using as a diagnostic tool the spectrum of eigenvalues of the spin-spin correlation function. We show that multiple extensive eigenvalues of the correlation matrix ${C}_{\mathrm{ij}}\ensuremath{\equiv}〈{S}_{i}{S}_{j}〉$ occur if and only if there is replica symmetry breaking. We support our arguments with Exchange Monte Carlo results for the infinite-range problem. Here we find multiple extensive eigenvalues in the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phase for $N\ensuremath{\gtrsim}200,$ but only a single extensive eigenvalue for phases with long-range order but no RSB. Numerical results for the short-range model in four spatial dimensions, for $N&lt;~1296,$ are consistent with the presence of a single extensive eigenvalue, with the subdominant eigenvalue behaving in agreement with expectations derived from the droplet model. Because of the small system sizes we cannot exclude the possibility of replica symmetry breaking with finite size corrections in this regime.
Metabolic Impact of Redox Cofactor Perturbations on the Formation of Aroma Compounds in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2015)

Redox homeostasis is a fundamental requirement for the maintenance of metabolism, energy generation, and growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The redox cofactors NADH and NADPH are among the most highly connected metabolites in metabolic networks. Changes in their concentrations may induce widespread changes in metabolism. Redox imbalances were achieved with a dedicated biological tool overexpressing native NADH-dependent or engineered NADPH-dependent 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, in the presence of acetoin. We report that targeted perturbation of the balance of cofactors (NAD(+)/NADH or, to a lesser extent, NADP(+)/NADPH) significantly affected the production of volatile compounds. In most cases, variations in the redox state of yeasts modified the formation of all compounds from the same biochemical pathway (isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, and their derivatives) or chemical class (ethyl esters), irrespective of the cofactors. These coordinated responses were found to be closely linked to the impact of redox status on the availability of intermediates of central carbon metabolism. This was the case for α-keto acids and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), which are precursors for the synthesis of many volatile compounds. We also demonstrated that changes in the availability of NADH selectively affected the synthesis of some volatile molecules (e.g., methionol, phenylethanol, and propanoic acid), reflecting the specific cofactor requirements of the dehydrogenases involved in their formation. Our findings indicate that both the availability of precursors from central carbon metabolism and the accessibility of reduced cofactors contribute to cell redox status modulation of volatile compound formation.
Identification of budding yeast using a fiber-optic imaging bundle (2004)

A successful imaging system has been designed and built for yeast pedigree analysis. The system uses a fiber-optic imaging bundle to recognize single yeast cells. Image processing software has been developed to accurately classify the cells as either budding or not budding a daughter cell. This system is intended to replace the body of a microscope for the detection of budding in a microfluidic system.
VR and the Future of Networked Entertainment (1999)

as the Plenary Speaker, at the Future Directions in Virtual Environments II Workshop, Kungl Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm, Sweden. This is a longer, more detailed version than the 6 November presentation.
Pharmacotherapy for Pain in a Family With Inherited Erythromelalgia Guided by Genomic Analysis and Functional Profiling (2016)

Our results demonstrate that pharmacotherapy guided by genomic analysis, molecular modeling, and functional profiling can attenuate neuropathic pain in patients carrying the S241T mutation.
Optical properties of screen-printed aluminum contacts (2014)

When attempting to analytically model the internal back reflectance (IBR) of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, knowledge of the optical properties of each material at the rear side of the cell is required. For aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) and passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) architectures, a screen-printed Al paste is typically used to form the rear contacts. In the literature, the complex refractive index of pure Al is typically used for this layer, even though it is well known that the composition and microstructure of these fired Al pastes is quite different than pure Al. In this work, the wavelength-dependent complex refractive index of four different fired screen-printed Al pastes are measured, resulting in a large discrepancy when compared to that of published values for pure Al. Using a two step modeling and simulation process, this discrepancy in the complex refractive index is shown to lead to differences in the calculated IBR of PERC cells. Because one of the key advantages of PERC cells is increased current due to a higher IBR with the use of thin dielectric films at the rear side of the cell, accurately defined optical properties of the Al metallization would appear to be an area of need in the photovoltaic R&D community that this work can address.
Remote Sensing of Fine-Scale Vertical Structures in the Atmosphere with GPS Occultations (2004)

Recent advances of inversion techniques in processing GPS radio occultation (RO) measurements have resulted in more accurate atmospheric retrievals of temperature and water vapor. Furthermore, the new techniques can overcome the resolution limit imposed by Fresnel diffraction. Fine-scale atmospheric structures with vertical extent of less than 100 m are now formally resolvable. This allows GPS RO to capture very sharp tropopause heretofore only revealed by in-situ measurements such as radiosonde soundings. Moreover, GPS RO are well suited to probing planetary boundary layer tops as well as sub-km thin moisture layers that, based on analysis of aircraft measurements, appear to be ubiquitous in the troposphere. In this work, we present the theoretical estimate and observational evidence of the high vertical resolution achievable with GPS RO measurements from CHAMP and SAC-C. In addition, since GPS RO is a limb sounding measurement, we consider the interpretation and representation of the retrieved fine-scale vertical structures in the presence of horizontal inhomogeneity.
Weighted gradient domain image processing problems and their iterative solutions (2013)

This article explores an energy function and its minimization for the weighted gradient domain image processing, where variable weights are applied to the data term of conventional function for attaining better results in some applications. To be specific, larger weights are given to the regions where original pixel values need to be kept unchanged, like strong edge regions in the case of image sharpening application or high contrast regions when fusing multi-exposure images. In the literatures, it is shown that the solution to a constant weight problem can be efficiently obtained in the frequency domain without iterations, whereas the function with the varying weights can be minimized by solving a large sparse linear equation or by iterative methods such as conjugate gradient or preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) methods. In addition to introducing weighted gradient domain image processing problems, we also proposed a new approach to finding an efficient preconditioning matrix for this problem, which greatly reduces the condition number of the system matrix and thus reduces the number of iterations for the PCG process to reach the solution. We show that the system matrix for the constant weight problem is an appropriate preconditioner, in the sense that a sub-problem in the PCG is efficiently solved by the FFT and also it ensures the convergent splitting of the system matrix. For the simulation and experiments on some applications, it is shown that the proposed method requires less iteration, memory, and CPU time.
NMR in incommensurate systems: non-local effects (1985)

The NMR lineshape and spin-lattice relaxation rate in incommensurate systems are evaluated for the case where, in addition to local contributions to the NMR frequency, non-local contributions also have to be taken into account. The case of a static wave as well as the case of a floating modulation wave are treated and the theoretical results are compared with experimental data.