gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development, System Integration and Flight Testing of a High-Resolution Imaging System for Small UAS (2009)

The development and flight testing of a high-resolution imaging system for small unmanned aircraft systems is described. The system utilizes an off-the-shelf camera coupled to an onboard computer and a wireless network to provide very high quality imagery from a very low cost platform with a simple web-based tasking and data retrieval interface. The project incorporates three primary developments: (i) control over a tactical wireless ad-hoc network, (ii) an advanced path-following flight control algorithm that couples the flight and camera control, and (iii) a remote control capability for the sensor. The camera is a dual use sensor, providing full frame/rate video as well as 12MP digital still images, and a gimbal provides a limited pointing capability. The path-following flight control system allows an untrained operator to scribble a path on a digital map, which becomes the ground-track for the sensor. The aircraft autonomously determines the optimal flight trajectory to keep the sensor footprint on this track. A robust wireless mesh network integrates the aircraft with the tactical network, offering control of autopilot and sensor functions from any other node on the network. The complete system is evaluated in the joint Cooperative Field Experiments conducted quarterly by U.S. Special Operations Command and the Naval Postgraduate School, where operators put the system to use in realistic scenarios.
Examining active error in software development (2016)

Software rarely works as intended while it is being written. Things go wrong in the midst of everyday practice, and developers are commonly understood to form theories and strategies for dealing with them. Errors in this sense are not bugs left behind in software, they are actively encountered and experienced. This paper reports findings of an ethnographically-informed study undertaken to examine error encountered at the desk. Films depicting paired open-source development practice over the course of a month were analyzed to identify and delineate instances of active error. Instances were interpreted within a framework of error handling drawn from psychology research. Analyses of representative instances are given and discussed in relation to software engineering research that examines practice at the desk. Findings demonstrate that the significance of active error in software development is personal, shaped by passing time, the emergence of preferred practices and environmental changes.
Surface enhanced nonlinear optics using lithography-free metasurfaces (2015)

We demonstrate a strong enhancement of second harmonic generation based on a three-layered super absorbing metasurface consisting of an ultrathin spacer layer sandwiched by an array of random metallic nanoparticles and a metal ground plate.
Production of Acrylamide in Agricultural Products by Cooking (2004)

Some model studies were performed using various agricultural Products, to clarify the relation between cooking conditions and production of acrylamide (AA). Disc chips made from dried mashed potato, corn meal, wheat flour, rice flour (jyohshin-ko) and glutinous rice flour (shiratama-ko), and dried sesame (arai-goma) and dried almond were baked at 120-200 degrees C for 5-20 min, and the samples were analyzed for the levels of AA. When the samples were baked for 10 min, the highest production of AA was observed at 180-200 degrees C. When the samples were baked at 180 degrees C, AA levels in agricultural products except sesame were highest after baking for 10 min. Vegetables and fruit were baked at 220 degrees C for 5 min with a oven, high AA concentrations were found in baked potato, asparagus, pumpkin, eggplant and green gram sprouts. Concentrations of AA in potato, asparagus and green gram sprouts baked after being pre-cooked by microwave irradiation were higher than those in the products baked without being precooked. On the other hand, the precooking by boiling reduced the production of AA by baking to 1/10-1/4. Acrylamide was not found in microwaved or boiled vegetables. High free asparagine concentrations in crops tended to result in high concentrations of AA being produced by heating the agricultural products.
Modifications of Ca <sup>2+</sup> signaling by inorganic mercury in PC 12 cells (1993)

The effects of different levels of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) on depolarization- or agonist-stimulated Ca2+ signals were studied in PC12 cells. Exposure to 50-300 nM Hg2+ did not alter the resting cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), but enhanced the Ca2+ response to KCL-induced depolarization. Patch-clamp experiments revealed that these Hg2+ concentrations increased the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current through L-type channels. Also, Hg2+ treatment amplified the intracellular [Ca2+]i transients elicited by extracellular ATP. In contrast, the Ca2+ increase stimulated by bradykinin was unaffected. At slightly higher concentrations (1 to 2 microM), Hg2+ caused a sustained rise of the resting [Ca2+]i. This increase did not occur in Ca(2+)-free medium and was prevented by pretreatment with NiCl2 or with the L-type Ca2+ channel blockers, verapamil and nifedipine. Hg2+ did not mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores sensitive to thapsigargin, 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-benzohydroquinone, or caffeine. At 2 microM, Hg2+ inhibited the [Ca2+]i transients elicited by bradykinin, ATP, or KCl-induced depolarization. The loss of the intracellular Ca2+ response to bradykinin was independent from the Ca2+ overload elicit by Hg2+; instead, it was associated with inhibition of polyphosphoinositide generation. Exposure to the lower Hg2+ concentrations (0.3-0.5 microM) greatly potentiated NGF-induced PC12 cell differentiation. Conversely, treatment with 2 microM Hg2+ caused cell death. Our results show that inorganic mercury has selective and different effects on Ca2+ signaling in PC12 cells depending on the concentration, within a narrow range.
Early High Oxidation State−Late Low Oxidation State Mixed-Metal Organometallics:  Examples of Oxo-Bridged Tungsten−Ruthenium Acetylide Clusters (1997)

The heterometallic complexes (C5Me5)W(O)2Ru4(CO)10(μ4-PPh)(CCPh) (1), (C5Me5)W(O)2Ru4(CO)7(C7H8)(μ4-PPh)(CCPh) (2), and (C5Me5)W(O)2Ru5(CO)12 (μ4-PPh)(CCPh) (3), which contain examples of oxo-bridged tungsten−ruthenium bonds, have been prepared by condensation of Ru4(CO)13(μ3-PPh) and (C5Me5)W(O)2(CCPh). Their molecular structures demonstrate the coexistence of high oxidation state tungsten and low oxidation state ruthenium carbonyl fragments.
Molecular dynamics studies of fundamental bulk properties of palladium hydrides for hydrogen storage (2018)

Solid-state hydrogen storage materials undergo complex phase transformations whose behavior are collectively determined by thermodynamic (e.g., Gibbs free energy), mechanical (e.g., lattice and elastic constants), and mass transport (e.g., diffusivity) properties. These properties depend on the reaction conditions and evolve continuously during (de)hydrogenation. Thus, they are difficult to measure in experiments. Because of this, past progress to improve solid-state hydrogen storage materials has been prolonged. Using PdHx as a representative example for interstitial metal hydride, we have recently applied molecular dynamics simulations to quantify hydrogen diffusion in the entire reaction space of temperature and composition. Here, we have further applied molecular dynamics simulations to obtain well-converged expressions for lattice constants, Gibbs free energies, and elastic constants of PdHx at various stages of the reaction. Our studies confirm significant dependence of elastic constants on temperature and composition. Specifically, a new dynamic effect of hydrogen diffusion on elastic constants is discovered and discussed.
High precision, accuracy, and resolution of 3D laser scanner employing pulsed time-of-flight measurement (2011)

We present experimental results of a high-speed 3-D laser scanner developed for the European Space Agency within an activity dealing with a high precision relative attitude control sensor for formation flying. By employing pulsed-time-offlight measurement, we demonstrated sub-mm accuracy and precision as well as unprecedented resolution of single-shot measurements to natural targets at distances up to 150 m. The instrument is based on RIEGL's commercial terrestrial laser scanners with a scan range of 100&deg; x 360&deg; and a net measurement rate of 125 kHz. The system's performance is demonstrated with different test setups and potential fields of application are assessed.
Pulsed Electrodeposition of Highly Porous Pt Alloys for use in Methanol, Formic Acid, and Glucose Fuel Cells (2018)

Abstract We demonstrate an electrodeposition process for the fabrication of highly porous PtCu alloy anodes. In the fabrication process, Pt and different amounts of a second noble metal (Pd, Ru, Au) are repeatedly co‐deposited with Cu from an aqueous electrolyte, followed by selective dealloying of Cu. In this way, highly porous PtCu alloys with roughness factors ranging from 400 to 4000 can be obtained. In all cases, both noble‐metal partners are present on the electrode surface, whereas the majority of copper is likely buried underneath. In addition, we can show that H desorption and CO stripping yield substantially different roughness factors, even when applied to PtCu anodes. Hence, when using or comparing results from different stripping methods, a calibration is required. Compared to PtCu anodes, small additions of Ru (ca. 3 at% Ru) lead to significantly enhanced catalytic activity for the electro‐oxidation of formic acid and methanol, whereas Au‐rich PtCu−Au alloys (ca. 75 at% Au) exhibit significantly improved electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation. In some cases, large variations impede the identification of significant differences in electrocatalytic activity. To reduce process variability and to increase the specific surface area, further optimization of the fabrication process is required. Similarly, the deposition of defined alloy compositions will require further investigation, as the composition of electrolyte and deposited alloy do not directly correspond.
Third harmonic compensation in a single-phase H-bridge PFC (2017)

This paper presents a harmonic compensation method, which can be used to significantly reduce lower-order harmonics in the grid-side current of single phase power factor correction (PFC) circuits. Often there are limitations on the percentage of lower-order harmonics in the grid currents to maintain conducted EMI standard, which may be violated, especially during light load conditions. The proposed harmonic compensation technique can reduce the amount of these lower-order harmonics, thus leading to an improvement in the line current total harmonic distortion (THD). H-Bridge based boost topology is a popular choice for single-phase PFCs because of its simple control and high performance. An experimental prototype of 600W is developed to validate the proposed harmonic compensation technique. THD improvement from 7% to 5% at lighter load with 97% full-load efficiency are observed from the experimental results.
The phytotoxic lichen metabolite, usnic acid, is a potent inhibitor of plant <i>p</i>‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (2000)

The lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid exists as a (-) and a (+) enantiomer, indicating a alpha or beta projection of the methyl group at position 9b, respectively. (-)-Usnic caused a dose-dependent bleaching of the cotyledonary tissues associated with a decrease of both chlorophylls and carotenoids in treated plants whereas no bleaching was observed with the (+) enantiomer. (-)-Usnic acid inhibited protophorphyrinogen oxidase activity (I50 = 3 microM), but did not lead to protoporphyrin IX accumulation. Bleaching appears to be caused by irreversible inhibition of the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase by (-)-usnic acid (apparent IC50 = 50 nM).
Soft Tissue Coverage of the Lower Limb following Oncological Surgery (2016)

The treatment of lower limb tumors has been shifted by advancements in adjuvant treatment protocols and microsurgical reconstruction from limb amputation to limb salvage. Standard approaches include oncological surgery by a multidisciplinary team in terms of limb sparing followed by soft tissue reconstruction and adjuvant therapy when indicated. For the development of a comprehensive surgical plan, the identity of the tumor should first be determined by histology after biopsy. Then the surgical goal and comprehensive treatment concept should be developed by a multidisciplinary tumor board and combined with soft tissue reconstruction. In this article, plastic surgical reconstruction options for soft coverage of the lower extremity following oncological surgery will be described along with the five clinical cases.
Rods Contribute to Visual Behavior in Larval Zebrafish (2020)

Because the nof mutants lacked a photopic ERG but displayed scotopic ERGs after dark adaptation, the mutants clearly had functional rods. WT larvae and the nof mutants displayed comparable scotopic light-On VMRs and scotopic OKRs after dark adaptation, suggesting that these responses were driven primarily by rods. Together, these observations indicate that rods contribute to zebrafish visual behaviors as early as 6 dpf.
Plutus: Scalable Secure File Sharing on Untrusted Storage (2003)

Plutus is a cryptographic storage system that enables secure file sharing without placing much trust on the file servers. In particular, it makes novel use of cryptographic primitives to protect and share files. Plutus features highly scalable key management while allowing individual users to retain direct control over who gets access to their files. We explain the mechanisms in Plutus to reduce the number of cryptographic keys exchanged between users by using filegroups, distinguish file read and write access, handle user revocation efficiently, and allow an untrusted server to authorize file writes. We have built a prototype of Plutus on OpenAFS. Measurements of this prototype show that Plutus achieves strong security with overhead comparable to systems that encrypt all network traffic. 1
Ordering of alkali halide salts dissolved in bacteriophage Pf1 solutions: A nuclear magnetic resonance study (2002)

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the I=3/2 monovalent ions Na23, Cl35, K39, and Br79 for NaCl and KBr dissolved into filamentous bacteriophage Pf1 solutions display line splittings and shifts consistent with an interaction between the nuclear spin and the electric field gradient produced by the Pf1 particles. The average electric field gradient and thus the spectral splitting for ions in the void space between magnetically aligned Pf1 particles is modeled using a numerical solution to the Poisson–Boltzmann equation. An NMR titration experiment in a 57 mg/mL Pf1 solution is used to determine the background Na+ ion concentration in solution as 32 mM which compares well with the 31.1 mM negative surface charge on Pf1.
The WAMI toolkit for developing, deploying, and evaluating web-accessible multimodal interfaces (2008)

Many compelling multimodal prototypes have been developed which pair spoken input and output with a graphical user interface, yet it has often proved difficult to make them available to a large audience. This unfortunate reality limits the degree to which authentic user interactions with such systems can be collected and subsequently analyzed. We present the WAMI toolkit, which alleviates this difficulty by providing a framework for developing, deploying, and evaluating Web-Accessible Multimodal Interfaces in which users interact using speech, mouse, pen, and/or touch. The toolkit makes use of modern web-programming techniques, enabling the development of browser-based applications which rival the quality of traditional native interfaces, yet are available on a wide array of Internet-connected devices. We will showcase several sophisticated multimodal applications developed and deployed using the toolkit, which are available via desktop, laptop, and tablet PCs, as well as via several mobile devices. In addition, we will discuss resources provided by the toolkit for collecting, transcribing, and annotating usage data from multimodal user interactions.
Gait analysis of patients with Parkinson's disease using a portable triaxial accelerometer (2016)

Abstract Background Gait disturbance is a major problem for Parkinson's disease patients. Aim We examined the nature of parkinsonian gait using a triaxial accelerometer, and elucidated differences as compared with healthy adults. Methods A total of 16 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, 14 healthy young adults and 10 healthy older adults took part in the study. The accelerometer was placed at the level of the L4 spinous process and the participants were instructed to walk along a 30‐m horizontal walkway. Gait speed and acceleration were analyzed on the middle 10 m. Acceleration data were obtained by using the root mean square of acceleration in three directions as the mean acceleration value. Results Gait speed and mean acceleration had a high correlation in healthy young and older adults, but not in the Parkinson's disease patients. Gait speed in the Parkinson's disease patients was significantly slower than that in the healthy older adults ( P &lt; 0.05). Evaluations of each component of acceleration showed that the mediolateral component in the patients was significantly high as compared with that in the healthy older adults ( P &lt; 0.05), although the vertical and anteroposterior components were not different between the Parkinson's disease patients and healthy adults. Conclusions Gait speed in Parkinson's disease patients is significantly slower than that in healthy older adults. Furthermore, it is suggested that gait in Parkinson's disease patients swings in a more bilateral manner as compared with the gait in normal controls.
Image formation in vibro-acoustography with sector array transducers (2004)

This paper presents the image formation process in vibro-acoustography for systems based on sector array transducers. These transducers are an alternative to annular concave transducers. They represent an innovative technique deserving detailed assessment in vibro-acoustography applications. The system point-spread function (PSF) is defined in terms of the acoustic emission of a point-target in response to the dynamic ultrasound radiation force. This force is produced by two overlapping ultrasound beams. We calculate the radiation force on the target in a nonviscous fluid using the plane wave approximation for the ultrasound beams. The beamforming of sector array transducers is analyzed through linear acoustics. An expression for the velocity potential produced by sector arrays is derived, and the vibro-acoustography PSF is evaluated numerically. An experimental setup is design to validate the theory; the comparison is made using location and amplitude of sidelobes and spatial resolution defined by the PSF. Results show that the computed PSF is in full agreement with the PSF obtained experimentally.
Effects of a diblock copolymer on adhesion between immiscible polymers. 2. Polystyrene (PS)-PMMA copolymer between poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) and PMMA (1993)

Measurements have been made on the effects of a thin layer of polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer on the toughness of the interface between poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(phenylene oxide). For a wide range of copolymer molecular weights, provided the interface is not saturated with copolymer, the interfacial toughness is a function of just the areal density ∑ of the copolymer molecules, independent of their molecular weight. The toughness was found to vary with ∑2 in accordance with the predictions of a recent model of crazing failure where it is assumed that G is a measure of the energy to form the crack tip craze and the craze fails when the force per molecule at the crack tip (in the craze) equals the molecular scission force. SIMS experiments confirmed that the diblock copolymer organizes at the interface and that interface fracture breaks the copolymer molecules near their junction points. The highest obtainable toughness for any given molecular weight diblock was found to itself exhibit a maximum when considered as a function of molecular weight. This maximum occurred at a molecular weight of about 80K. The obtainable toughness decreased BB the copolymer molecular weight was increased from 80K because the saturation value of ∑ decreased with increasing molecular weight. As the molecular weight was decreased from 80K, both pull-out and crowding effects become more evident, so again the toughness decreases from the value at 80K.
Laterality of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) explains externalizing behaviors through its association with executive function (2017)

Abstract We investigated the development of a recently-identified white matter pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its association to executive function and externalizing behaviors in a sample of 129 neurotypical children ranging in age from 7 months to 19-years. We found that the FAT could be tracked in 92% of those children, and that the pathway showed age-related differences into adulthood. The change in white matter microstructure was very rapid until about 6-years, and then plateaued, only to show age-related increases again after the age of 11-years. In a subset of those children (5-18-years; n = 70), left laterality of the microstructural properties of the FAT was associated with greater attention problems as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). However, this relationship was fully mediated by higher executive dysfunction as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). This relationship was specific to the FAT—we found no relationship between laterality of the white matter of the brain in general and attention problems, or executive function. These findings suggest that the degree to which the developing brain favors a right lateralized structural dominance of the FAT is directly associated with executive function and attention. This novel finding provides a new potential structural biomarker to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated executive dysfunction during development. Significance Statement To investigate the function of a recently-identified white matter fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), we tracked the pathway in 129 typically developing children using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). We then examined whether laterality of the tract is associated with attention problems and executive function. We found that reduced right laterality of the tract was associated with greater executive dysfunction, which predicted increased reports of attention problems. The findings suggest that the degree to which the developing brain favors a right lateralized structural dominance of the FAT is directly associated with executive function and attention. This novel finding provides a new potential structural biomarker to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated executive dysfunction during development.