gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common-Mode Noise Reduction and Capacitor Voltage Auto-Balance Using Bridged Midpoints and Coupled Inductor in a 3-L Buck-Boost Converter (2023)

The symmetry principle has been widely used to mitigate the power stage common-mode (CM) emissions. Based on a symmetrical three-level (3-L) buck-boost converter in [1], this letter finds a midpoints interconnection that can reduce the CM noise further and realized the dc-link voltage auto-balance at the same time. By bridging the input and output midpoints, the noise is trapped inside the power converter and a 30 dB CM noise reduction is achievable on the line impedance stabilization network (LISN) side. Also, a combination of bridged midpoints and coupled buck-boost inductor grants the converter with a desirable dc-link capacitor voltage auto-balance feature. Furthermore, uniquely the voltage ratio between the split dc-link capacitors is tightly related to the turn ratio of the coupled inductor, meaning the auto-balance nature is valid also for asymmetrical dc-link voltage cases. Detailed modeling and analysis are provided in this letter to explain the observations. All the analyses are verified on a custom built SiC-based 30 kHz 50 kW prototype. This letter is accompanied by two videos to visualize the discussed voltage balancing feature.
Rationale for continuous dopaminomimetic therapy of Parkinson's disease. (1989)

Levodopa combined with carbidopa (Sinemet) remains the most effective approach to the symptomatic relief of Parkinson's disease. Over time, however, an increasing number of parkinsonian patients evidence motor response complications, notably abnormal involuntary movements and motor fluctuations. Clinical pharmacologic studies suggest that these phenomena may arise as a consequence of factors reflecting both natural disease progression and levodopa toxicity. Simple wearing-off responses appear primarily related to advancing degenerative changes afflicting the dopamine system. The appearance of peak-dose dyskinesias and complex, random motor fluctuations of the on-off type, on the other hand, may signal secondary postjunctional changes arising as a consequence of chronic intermittent excitation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors that are normally tonically stimulated. Therapeutically, prompt correction of wearing-off fluctuations can ordinarily be achieved by measures that deliver dopaminomimetics continuously to the central nervous system. In contrast, fluctuations of the on-off type initially persist despite stable circulating levodopa levels. With continuous levodopa treatment, however, the threshold for dyskinesias begins to rise and the dose-response relation shifts to the right; clinically, the severity of both dyskinesias and on-off fluctuations tends to diminish. It is thus tempting to speculate that the early and continuing treatment of Parkinson's disease with compounds providing a relatively constant level of central dopamine stimulation will preclude wearing-off phenomena and mitigate on-off fluctuations and severe dyskinesias.
Protein arginine methylation by PRMT6 regulates autophagy in hostile microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma tumours (2019)

Jointly organized by The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)
Establishment of Cloned <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and Analysis of <i>p44</i> Gene Conversion within an Infected Horse and Infected SCID Mice (2005)

Diverse p44 alleles at the p44 expression locus (p44Es) encoding surface-exposed major membrane proteins, P44s, of Anaplasma phagocytophilum were hypothesized to be garnered by recombination to enact antigenic variation. However, this hypothesis has not been proven so far, due to inability to clone this obligate intragranulocytic rickettsia. To define the p44E recombination, we developed a novel method to clone A. phagocytophilum. This isogenic cloned population containing a defined p44E was used to infect a naive horse and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. During a 58-day infection period in the blood of the horse, p44E conversion was evident in a total of 11 new p44Es, 48% (115/242) of the sequenced p44E population. During a 50-day infection period in the blood of SCID mice, p44E conversion was manifested in a total of 13 new p44Es, 42% (192/460) of the p44E population. Thus, similar levels of p44E convertants were detected in either the presence or absence of an acquired immune system, suggesting that T- and B-cell immune pressure was not essential for recombination and/or selection of the p44E variants. Analysis of sequentially changed p44Es revealed that the entire central hypervariable region of donor p44 pseudogenes or of donor full-length p44s replaced the same region of the resident p44E as a cassette. Putative recombination points were detected within p44 conserved regions flanking the central hypervariable region by the TOPALi analysis. Our results unambiguously demonstrated p44E recombination. The cloning method developed would facilitate precise analysis of the recombination process and the extent of diversity which the recombination creates in the antigenic repertoire.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets with Size‐Defined Mesopores as Highly Efficient Metal‐Free Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2014)

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (NDCN) with size-defined mesopores are reported as highly efficient metal-free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A uniform and tunable mesoporous structure of NDCN is prepared using a templating approach. Such controlled mesoporous structure in the NDCN exerts an essential influence on the electrocatalytic performance in both alkaline and acidic media for the ORR. The NDCN catalyst with a pore diameter of 22 nm exhibits a more positive ORR onset potential than that of Pt/C (-0.01 V vs. -0.02 V) and a high diffusion-limited current approaching that of Pt/C (5.45 vs. 5.78 mA cm(-2) ) in alkaline medium. Moreover, the catalyst shows pronounced electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability towards the ORR under acidic conditions. The unique planar mesoporous shells of the NDCN provide exposed highly electroactive and stable catalytic sites, which boost the electrocatalytic activity of metal-free NDCN catalyst.
Task-Specific Sensor Planning for Robotic Assembly Tasks (2018)

When performing multi-robot tasks, sensory feedback is crucial in reducing uncertainty for correct execution. Yet the utilization of sensors should be planned as an integral part of the task planning, taken into account several factors such as the tolerance of different inferred properties of the scene and interaction with different agents. In this paper we handle this complex problem in a principled, yet efficient way. We use surrogate predictors based on open-loop simulation to estimate and bound the probability of success for specific tasks. We reason about such task-specific uncertainty approximants and their effectiveness. We show how they can be incorporated into a multi-robot planner, and demonstrate results with a team of robots performing assembly tasks.
Association among Fibrinolytic Proteins, Metabolic Syndrome Components, Insulin Secretion, and Resistance in Schoolchildren (2015)

We investigated the role of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its soluble receptors (suPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, insulin secretion, and resistance in schoolchildren. We enrolled 387 children, aged 10.3 ± 1.5 years, in Taipei. Anthropometry, fibrinolytic proteins, MetS components, insulin secretion, and resistance were measured. Subjects were divided into normal, overweight, and obese groups. Finally, the relationship between fibrinolytic proteins and metabolic syndrome in boys and girls was analyzed. In boys, PAI-1 was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) percentile, hypertriglyceride, insulin secretion, and resistance. In girls, PAI-1 was positively associated with obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin secretion. In girls, uPA was positively associated with insulin secretion. suPAR was positively associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in both boys and girls, and with BMI percentile and body fat in girls. The obese boys had higher suPAR and PAI-1 levels than the normal group. The obese girls had higher uPA, suPAR, and PAI-1 than the normal group. Boys and girls with MetS had higher PAI-1. Fibrinolytic proteins, especially PAI-1, are associated with MetS components and insulin secretion in children. Fibrinolytic proteins changes were more likely to occur in girls than in boys.
Endothelin 1-induced retinal ganglion cell death is largely mediated by JUN activation (2020)

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina. Multiple lines of evidence show the endothelin (EDN, also known as ET) system is important in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. To date, the molecular mechanisms within RGCs driving EDN-induced RGC death have not been clarified. The pro-apoptotic transcription factor JUN (the canonical target of JNK signaling) and the endoplasmic reticulum stress effector and transcription factor DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3, also known as CHOP) have been shown to act downstream of EDN receptors. Previous studies demonstrated that JUN and DDIT3 were important regulators of RGC death after glaucoma-relevant injures. Here, we characterized EDN insult in vivo and investigated the role of JUN and DDIT3 in EDN-induced RGC death. To accomplish this, EDN1 ligand was intravitreally injected into the eyes of wildtype, Six3-cre<sup>+</sup>Jun<sup>fl/fl</sup> (Jun<sup>-/-</sup>), Ddit3 null (Ddit3<sup>-/-</sup>), and Ddit3<sup>-/-</sup>Jun<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Intravitreal EDN1 was sufficient to drive RGC death in vivo. EDN1 insult caused JUN activation in RGCs, and deletion of Jun from the neural retina attenuated RGC death after EDN insult. However, deletion of Ddit3 did not confer significant protection to RGCs after EDN1 insult. These results indicate that EDN caused RGC death via a JUN-dependent mechanism. In addition, EDN signaling is known to elicit potent vasoconstriction. JUN signaling was shown to drive neuronal death after ischemic insult. Therefore, the effects of intravitreal EDN1 on retinal vessel diameter and hypoxia were explored. Intravitreal EDN1 caused transient retinal vasoconstriction and regions of RGC and Müller glia hypoxia. Thus, it remains a possibility that EDN elicits a hypoxic insult to RGCs, causing apoptosis via JNK-JUN signaling. The importance of EDN-induced vasoconstriction and hypoxia in causing RGC death after EDN insult and in models of glaucoma requires further investigation.
Large-scale computation not at the cost of expressiveness (2013)

We present Celias, a new concurrent programming model for data-intensive scalable computing. Celias supports many virtues commonly found in existing distributed pro-gramming frameworks, such as elastic scaling and fault tolerance, without sacrificing expressiveness. The key de-sign idea of Celias is the concept of a microtask, as a scalable, fault-tolerant, and completely data-driven unit of computation. By combining Tuplespace and microtasks, Celias provides an intuitive yet powerful programming abstraction for large and complex problems. 1
Inducible H1 Promoter-Driven Lentiviral siRNA Expression by Stuffer Reporter Deletion (2005)

Introduction of 19-23-bp small interfering RNA (siRNA) into mammalian cells has become a standard procedure to downregulate mRNA with high efficacy. siRNAs can be introduced into cells either as synthetic duplexes or as hairpin structures produced by Pol III promoter-driven vectors. Pol III promoter-expressed small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) offer a great possibility for the production of endogenous siRNA, which can be used for stable siRNA production in vivo. A major drawback of this strategy is the incapability of detecting rapidly occurring cellular responses. Here, we present a lentiviral shRNA-producing vector system, which can be induced by CRE recombinase enzyme to overcome these limitations. Following the addition of CRE, the pLIND (LentiINDucible) will activate siRNA production by deleting EGFP and a stop cassette between the promoter and siRNA oligo. Target gene downregulation capacity was comparable to that of a noninducible siRNA system.
Improving the crashworthiness of CFRP structures by rubbery nanofibrous interlayers (2023)

Crashworthiness is the capability of a component to dissipate impact energy throughout its deformation and failure. Composite materials are used to produce crashworthy components to ensure vehicle safety, thanks to their ability to dissipate a high energy amount while maintaining a low weight. The present work investigates the integration of rubbery nanofibers within the laminate interlayers to enhance crush performance. Three different thicknesses (10, 20, and 40 µm) of nanofibrous mats made by nitrile butadiene rubber and polycaprolactone (NBR/PCL) blends were produced by single-needle electrospinning technique and integrated into the laminates during the hand-layup. Mechanical properties of the nano-modified laminates are compared to the reference configuration: the effect of the interlayers is evaluated by Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and End-Notched Flexure (ENF) interlaminar fracture tests. At the same time, the specific crush energy absorption (SEA) is measured by the compression of self-supporting corrugated specimens. Results show that NBR/PCL nanofibers significantly increase the interlaminar fracture toughness (up to +254% for Mode I and +47% for Mode II), which ultimately helps to improve the total SEA up to +8.2%. The best SEA enhancement is achieved already with a 10 µm nanofibrous membrane while integrating the highest thickness mat has a detrimental effect.
Pattern matching encryption, strategic equivalence of range voting and approval voting, and statistical robustness of voting rules (2013)

We present new results in the areas of cryptography and voting systems. 
1. Pattern matching encryption: We present new, general definitions for queryable encryption schemes encryption schemes that allow evaluation of private queries on enc1ypted data without performing full decryption. We construct an efficient queryable encryption scheme supporting pattern matching queries, based on suffix trees. Storage and communication complexity are comparable to those for (unencrypted) suffix trees. The construction is based only on symmetric-key primitives, so it is practical.
2. Strategic equivalence of range voting and approval voting: We study strategic voting in the context of range voting in a formal model. We show that under general conditions, as the number of voters becomes large, strategic range voting becomes equivalent to approval voting. We propose beta distributions as a new and interesting way to model voter's subjective information about other votes.
3. Statistical of voting rules: We introduce a new notion called statistical robustness for voting rules: a voting rule is statistically robust if, for any profile of votes, the most likely winner of a sample of the profile is the winner of the complete profile. We show that plurality is the only interesting voting rule that is statistically robust; approval voting (perhaps surprisingly) and other common voting rules are not statistically robust. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, libraries.mit.edu/docs - docs@mit.edu)
p-ERK1/2 is a predictive factor of response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in low/int-1 myelodysplastic syndromes (2010)

Serum erythropoietin level less than 100U/L and a transfusion requirement of less than 2 units per month are the best predictive factors for response to treatment by erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in low/int-1 myelodysplastic syndromes. To investigate the factors influencing the response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, we enrolled 127 low/int-1 myelodysplastic syndrome patients at diagnosis in a biological study of erythropoiesis. The 54 non-responders had a significantly lower number of burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid than responders. Erythropoietin-dependent proliferation and survival, and phospho (p)-ERK1/2 expression in steady state and after erythropoietin stimulation were defective in cultured erythroblasts. By flow cytometry, p-ERK1/2 was significantly lower in bone marrow CD45(-)/CD71(+)/GPA(-)cells from non-responders compared to responders or controls. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis showed that this flow cytometry test was a sensitive biomarker for predicting the response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
All-optical NRZ to RZ format conversion using a walk-off balanced nonlinear fiber loop mirror (1996)

Summary form only given. Future long-haul high-bit-rate transmission systems based on short-pulse transmission (e.g. soliton transmission) may require a return-to-zero (RZ) signal format. We have carried out an all-optical NRZ-to-RZ format conversion by using a walkoff balanced nonlinear fiber-loop mirror (WBNFLM). In this presentation, the reverse process an alloptical RZ-to-NRZ format conversion using the (WBNFLM) is demonstrated. The principle used is the same as the switching mechanism of the WBNFLM with a cw probe beam.
Recombinant Synthesis of Hybrid Lipid–Peptide Polymer Fusions that Self‐Assemble and Encapsulate Hydrophobic Drugs (2017)

Abstract Inspired by biohybrid molecules that are synthesized in Nature through post‐translational modification (PTM), we have exploited a eukaryotic PTM to recombinantly synthesize lipid–polypeptide hybrid materials. By co‐expressing yeast N‐myristoyltransferase with an elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) fused to a short recognition sequence in E. coli, we show robust and high‐yield modification of the ELP with myristic acid. The ELP's reversible phase behavior is retained upon myristoylation and can be tuned to span a 30–60 °C. Myristoylated ELPs provide a versatile platform for genetically pre‐programming self‐assembly into micelles of varied size and shape. Their lipid cores can be loaded with hydrophobic small molecules by passive diffusion. Encapsulated doxorubicin and paclitaxel exhibit cytotoxic effects on 4T1 and PC3‐luc cells, respectively, with potencies similar to chemically conjugated counterparts, and longer plasma circulation than free drug upon intravenous injection in mice.
Glucose Control and Renal and Retinal Complications of Diabetes Mellitus-Reply (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Gwinup should be aware that the urine glucose measurements of the 1950s and the 1960s were shown to be of little value in the 1970s and the 1980s. Teenagers were smarter than we physicians in learning to exercise, avoid sweets, get all of the insulin in, etc, on urine collection days. They could affect the results as they wished. In addition, numerous investigators showed that the kidney threshold for glucose varied from person to person, and even from one time of day to another time of day for the same individual. Thus, our article in<i>JAMA</i>represents the first study with more than 1 or 2 years of data in which a reliable objective measurement, the glycohemoglobin, was used to evaluate glucose control longitudinally. Dr Gwinup should also be aware that the microalbumin measurements used in the article were shown in the 1980s to be an
Cooling Electronic Equipment (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Thermal Modeling Heat-Transfer Correlations for Electronic Equipment Cooling Thermal Control Techniques References
Concomitant open surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm and endovascular repair of a thoracic aortic aneurysm (2000)

Zarins, Christopher K MD, FACS; Wolf, Yehuda G MD; Rubin, Geoffrey D MD; Fogarty, Thomas J MD, FACS Author Information
Enhancing Long-Range Energy Transport in Supramolecular Architectures by Tailoring Coherence Properties (2020)

Efficient long-range energy transport along supramolecular architectures of functional organic molecules is a key step in nature for converting sunlight into a useful form of energy. Understanding and manipulating these transport processes on a molecular and supramolecular scale is a long-standing goal. However, the realization of a well-defined system that allows for tuning morphology and electronic properties as well as for resolution of transport in space and time is challenging. Here we show how the excited-state energy landscape and thus the coherence characteristics of electronic excitations can be modified by the hierarchical level of H-type supramolecular architectures. We visualize, at room temperature, long-range incoherent transport of delocalized singlet excitons on pico- to nanosecond time scales in single supramolecular nanofibers and bundles of nanofibers. Increasing the degree of coherence, i.e., exciton delocalization, via supramolecular architectures enhances exciton diffusivities up to 1 order of magnitude. In particular, we find that single supramolecular nanofibers exhibit the highest diffusivities reported for H-aggregates so far.
Temperature dependence of magnetic anisotropy in Ni–Mn–Ga alloys exhibiting giant field-induced strain (2002)

Temperature dependence of structure and magnetic anisotropy of single crystalline Ni48.8Mn28.6Ga22.6 alloy exhibiting giant field-induced strain or magnetic shape memory (MSM) effect was studied in the temperature range 80–420 K. Upon cooling the alloy transforms from cubic austenite at 307 K to the martensite which exhibits five-layered (modulated) tetragonal structure (5M) with a=0.595 nm and c=0.559 nm. Reverse transformation occurs at 317 K. An additional intermartensitic transition takes place at about 95 K. The basic mechanism of the MSM effect was corroborated by direct simultaneous measurements of strain and magnetization as a function of magnetic field. The magnetic anisotropy of the martensite exhibiting the giant strain was determined from the magnetization curves measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer at different temperatures. The anisotropy of the single variant 5M martensite is uniaxial with easy axis along the tetragonal c axis. The first magnetic anisotropy constant is Ku1=2.0×105 J/m3 at 283 K and increase to Ku1=2.65×105 J/m3 at 130 K. Above room temperature the anisotropy steeply decreases. The second anisotropy constant is negligible and less than 4% of the first anisotropy constant.
Targeted metabolite and transcript profiling for elucidating enzyme function: isolation of novel <i>N‐</i>methyltransferases from three benzylisoquinoline alkaloid‐producing species (2009)

An integrated approach using targeted metabolite profiles and modest EST libraries each containing approximately 3500 unigenes was developed in order to discover and functionally characterize novel genes involved in plant-specialized metabolism. EST databases have been established for benzylisoquinoline alkaloid-producing cell cultures of Eschscholzia californica, Papaver bracteatum and Thalictrum flavum, and are a rich repository of alkaloid biosynthetic genes. ESI-FTICR-MS and ESI-MS/MS analyses facilitated unambiguous identification and relative quantification of the alkaloids in each system. Manual integration of known and candidate biosynthetic genes in each EST library with benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic networks assembled from empirical metabolite profiles allowed identification and functional characterization of four N-methyltransferases (NMTs). One cDNA from T. flavum encoded pavine N-methyltransferase (TfPavNMT), which showed a unique preference for (+/-)-pavine and represents the first isolated enzyme involved in the pavine alkaloid branch pathway. Correlation of the occurrence of specific alkaloids, the complement of ESTs encoding known benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes and the differential substrate range of characterized NMTs demonstrated the feasibility of bilaterally predicting enzyme function and species-dependent specialized metabolite profiles.