gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic single photon emission computed tomography—basic principles and cardiac applications (2010)

The very nature of nuclear medicine, the visual representation of injected radiopharmaceuticals, implies imaging of dynamic processes such as the uptake and wash-out of radiotracers from body organs. For years, nuclear medicine has been touted as the modality of choice for evaluating function in health and disease. This evaluation is greatly enhanced using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which permits three-dimensional (3D) visualization of tracer distributions in the body. However, to fully realize the potential of the technique requires the imaging of in vivo dynamic processes of flow and metabolism. Tissue motion and deformation must also be addressed. Absolute quantification of these dynamic processes in the body has the potential to improve diagnosis. This paper presents a review of advancements toward the realization of the potential of dynamic SPECT imaging and a brief history of the development of the instrumentation. A major portion of the paper is devoted to the review of special data processing methods that have been developed for extracting kinetics from dynamic cardiac SPECT data acquired using rotating detector heads that move as radiopharmaceuticals exchange between biological compartments. Recent developments in multi-resolution spatiotemporal methods enable one to estimate kinetic parameters of compartment models of dynamic processes using data acquired from a single camera head with slow gantry rotation. The estimation of kinetic parameters directly from projection measurements improves bias and variance over the conventional method of first reconstructing 3D dynamic images, generating time-activity curves from selected regions of interest and then estimating the kinetic parameters from the generated time-activity curves. Although the potential applications of SPECT for imaging dynamic processes have not been fully realized in the clinic, it is hoped that this review illuminates the potential of SPECT for dynamic imaging, especially in light of new developments that enable measurement of dynamic processes directly from projection measurements.
&lt;title&gt;Basic experiments on the production of O2(1Delta)&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

A small scale experiment has been set up to investigate the deactivation of O<SUP>2</SUP>(<SUP>1</SUP>(Delta) ). The effect of different buffer gases and defoamer on the O<SUB>2</SUB>(<SUP>1</SUP>(Delta) )-yield has been studied. With a deconvolution calculation water vapor can be measured by mass-spectrometry. Cold traps and Raschig-Rings were used to diminish the water content in the gas flow. O<SUB>2</SUB>(<SUP>1</SUP>(Delta) )-deactivation measurements show, that non-metallic materials should be preferred for construction of chemical oxygen-iodine lasers. To compare different experiments the O<SUB>2</SUB>(<SUP>1</SUP>(Delta) )-deactivation may be described by simple equations. Comparison of these equations with experimental data leads to the conclusion, that the reaction order of the O<SUB>2</SUB>(<SUP>1</SUP>(Delta) )-deactivation varies from 1.825th to 1st order in dependence of time and O<SUB>2</SUB>(<SUP>1</SUP>(Delta) )-partial pressure.
High resolution Laplace Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy studies of shallow and deep levels in n-GaN (2008)

Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and high resolution Laplace DLTS (LDLTS) have been used to distinguish the difference between electrically active point and extended defects in MOVPE-grown n-type GaN. Three dominant features are observed in the conventional DLTS spectrum, with energies in the region of 40 meV, 550 meV and 1.46 eV. However, detailed examination with LDLTS shows that all these peaks consist of multiple emission rates. The low energy feature consists of three point defects closely spaced in energy, which are identified as ON, and SiGa. The feature at around 550 meV is shown to be due to defects in the strain field of a dislocation, which is deduced because the activation energy is dependent upon DLTS fill pulse length. LDLTS of this peak shows a very complicated spectrum, also indicative of a system of defects in a dislocation strain field. When applied to the very deep level of 1.46 eV, LDLTS shows multiple emission rates but they behave as point-defect like states.
Virtual agents in e‐commerce: representational characteristics for seniors (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is two‐fold: to investigate virtual agent representational characteristics (modality, interaction style, animation, realism, embodiment, and gender) employed by agent software providers in developing commercial and non‐commercial web sites; and to examine older consumers' preferences in these agent characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Study 1 involves a content analysis of 64 sample web sites of agent providers, and study 2 consists of four focus group interviews conducted with 25 older consumers in the age group of 65‐82 years. Findings Findings from both studies reveal some important disconnects between agent characteristics (modality, realism, animation, and gender) offered by virtual agent software providers and those preferred by older consumers. As a result, important recommendations are provided for the development of virtual agents for e‐commerce applications to enhance accessibility for older users. Originality/value No previous studies have investigated which agent characteristics enhance web accessibility and are most preferred by older users in the context of e‐commerce applications.
A Theoretical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Model for System Controls and Stability Design (2006)

As the aviation industry moves towards higher efficiency electrical power generation, all electric aircraft, or zero emissions and more quiet aircraft, fuel cells are sought as the technology that can deliver on these high expectations. The Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell system combines the fuel cell with a microturbine to obtain up to 70% cycle efficiency, and then distributes the electrical power to the loads via a power distribution system. The challenge is to understand the dynamics of this complex multi-discipline system, and design distributed controls that take the system through its operating conditions in a stable and safe manner while maintaining the system performance. This particular system is a power generation and distribution system and the fuel cell and microturbine model fidelity should be compatible with the dynamics of the power distribution system in order to allow proper stability and distributed controls design. A novel modeling approach is proposed for the fuel cell that will allow the fuel cell and the power system to be integrated and designed for stability, distributed controls, and other interface specifications. This investigation shows that for the fuel cell, the voltage characteristic should be modeled, but in addition, conservation equation dynamics, ion diffusion, charge transfer kinetics, and the electron flow inherent impedance should also be included.
Triflic Acid and Sodium Triflate as Chaotropic Mobile Phase Additives in RP-LC (2011)

In reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC), the retention of cationic analytes such as basic drugs is known to be enhanced by the presence of chaotropic additives in the mobile phase. In this study, the chaotropic effect of triflate anion was evaluated. Four cationic drugs were chromatographed on a C18 column, comparing retention obtained between triflate, perchlorate, and trifluoroacetate mobile phase additives in the range from 5 to 30 mM. It was found that triflate exhibited very similar chaotropic effect to perchlorate. Retention factors afforded by triflate were typically within 5% of the corresponding perchlorate values throughout the entire concentration range studied. It was also found through dynamic vapor sorption studies that sodium triflate monohydrate salt was a more stable crystalline solid than the sodium perchlorate monohydrate salt with regard to hygroscopicity, showing good stability in the range of 10–70% relative humidity compared to sodium perchlorate monohydrate which was stable only within the range of approximately 20–40% relative humidity. The better physical stability and handling properties of the sodium triflate monohydrate salt suggests it may be an attractive alternative to sodium perchlorate monohydrate salt as a chaotropic additive in RP-LC analysis of pharmaceuticals.
A Method for Mass Flow and Displacement Estimation in a Pneumatic Actuation System using Valve-based Pressure Sensing (2020)

This article describes a method to estimate the displacement of a pneumatic actuator based solely on pressure sensing at the control valve, which can enable low cost and remote sensing and fault detection in pneumatic actuation applications, such as in manufacturing. Pressure sensors located at the outlet ports of a pneumatic five-port two-way directional control valve are used in a generalized system model to estimate mass flow to the actuator. The approach enables observation of piston and rod displacement in real time and enables detection of motion faults without the use of displacement or proximity sensors on the actuator, which is typically located remotely from the control apparatus. The method was validated experimentally on two commercially available five-way pilot-assisted solenoid spool valves; each on two different double-acting, single rod, pneumatic linear actuators; and under different load and movement obstacle conditions. In the aggregate, the method provided a real-time estimate of actuator displacement within 7.1% error (relative to full stroke), and also provided a real-time mass flow estimate within 6.3% error. These real-time estimates are well within the accuracies suited to real-time fault detection in binary positioning systems, such as those typically used in manufacturing.
The marine mesophotic zone as a source for the discovery of novel bioactive molecules against ageing and/or age-related diseases (2019)

International audience
Realizing a colorful polymer solar cell with high color purity<i>via</i>a metal alloy-dielectric–metal alloy electrode (2021)

Cost-effective and highly efficient polymer solar cells integrated with Fabry–Perot electrodes have been demonstrated successfully for harvesting solar energy, offering vast aesthetics achieved by generating various hues.
Evaluation of a Range of Surface Modifications for the Enhancement of Lateral Flow Assays on Cyclic Polyolefin Micropillar Devices (2009)

Abstract We report the evaluation of a range of surface modifications for the formation of a stable, uniform, hydrophilic surface on cyclic polyolefin‐based microfluidic devices. The surface modifications employed were oxygen plasma treatment alone, or in combination with polyelectrolyte (PE) modifications or chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of silicon dioxide as well as dextran modification. The surface modifications were characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (CA) measurements and both quantitative and qualitative lateral flow measurements. It was demonstrated that the silicon dioxide and PE treatments produced the lowest CAs and therefore most hydrophilic surfaces, which was reflected in the improved lateral flow rates on this normally hydrophobic polymer. However, the non‐uniformity of the PE coating as well as its reduced reproducibility and stability over time in comparison to the silicon dioxide coating meant that the silicon dioxide was the favoured surface modification. magnified image
Fetal Gene Transfer Using Lentiviral Vectors and the Potential for Germ Cell Transduction in Rhesus Monkeys ( <i>Macaca mulatta</i> ) (2005)

Genetic modification of germ cells in somatic gene therapy protocols is a concern, particularly with fetal approaches. This study focused on the potential for germ cell gene transfer post-fetal gene delivery using a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-derived lentiviral vector pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein (VSV-G). Rhesus monkey fetuses (n = 47) were administered vector supernatant (10(7) infectious particles per fetus) via the intraperitoneal (IP), intrapulmonary (Ipu), or intracardiac routes (Ica) under ultrasound guidance. Tissue harvests were performed near term or 3 months postnatal age, and genomic DNA obtained to analyze for vector sequences from collected sections of gonads and gonadal cells obtained by laser capture microdissection (germ cells, stroma, epithelium). Results indicated no evidence of germ cell gene transfer in fetuses or infants with Ipu or Ica routes of administration. However, evidence of the transgene (1.33 +/- 0.78 enhanced green fluorescent protein [EGFP] copies per copy epsilon-globin) was found in females, but not males, when using the IP administration approach (p < 0.05). The highest EGFP copies were detected on the surface epithelium (p < 0.05). The results of these studies suggest that the HIV-1-derived lentiviral vector pseudotyped with VSV-G may transduce a subpopulation of gonadal cells in female fetuses with IP administration, whereas no evidence of gene transfer was shown to occur in males or with organ-targeting approaches.
A new approach for non-intrusive monitoring of blood pressure on a toilet seat (2006)

Pulse arrival time (PAT) was measured non-intrusively to estimate each individual's blood pressure. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was measured with copper-coated electrodes and photoplethysmogram (PPG) was measured using a specially designed toilet seat apparatus. Non-intrusively measured PATs were compared with PATs measured by the standard method, and the results showed a good correlation. An equation was used to estimate blood pressure from the measured PAT during a training period for each individual. Estimated blood pressures were compared with measured blood pressures in a series of blood pressure varying experiments. For each individual, the estimated blood pressure was similar to the measured blood pressure within a tolerable error range. This method was also practiced for long-term monitoring, and the results show the value of this method for continuous home monitoring of blood pressure.
Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Route to Natural Nostoclides and Analogues: A Total Synthesis of Nostoclides I and II (2013)

Abstract An original and convenient domino route to natural nostoclides I and II has been developed using a two‐step sequence consisting of a copper‐catalyzed tandem reaction associated with Suzuki cross‐coupling. The methodology employed for this total synthesis appeared to be an interesting and sufficiently flexible tool to allow the synthesis of numerous analogues of these nostoclides. magnified image
Methods and supplementary Tables from Public questions spur the discovery of new bacterial species associated with lignin bioconversion of industrial waste (2019)

A citizen science project found that the greenhouse camel cricket (<i>Diestrammena asynamora</i>) is common in North American homes. Public response was to wonder ‘what good are they anyway?’ and ecology and evolution guided the search for potential benefit. We predicted that camel crickets and similar household species would likely host bacteria with the ability to degrade recalcitrant carbon compounds. Lignocellulose is particularly relevant as it is difficult to degrade yet is an important feedstock for pulp and paper, chemical and biofuel industries. We screened gut bacteria of greenhouse camel crickets and another household insect, the hide beetle (<i>Dermestes maculatus</i>) for the ability to grow on and degrade lignocellulose components as well as the lignocellulose-derived industrial waste product black liquor. From three greenhouse camel crickets and three hide beetles, 14 bacterial strains were identified capable of growth on lignocellulosic components, including lignin. <i>Cedecea lapagei</i> was selected for further study due to growth on most lignocellulose components. The <i>C. lapagei</i> secretome was identified using LC/MS/MS analysis. This work demonstrates a novel source of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria and introduces an effective workflow to identify bacterial enzymes for transforming industrial waste into value-added products. More generally, our research suggests the value of ecologically guided discovery of novel organisms.
A Brain-Penetrant and Bioavailable Pyrazolopiperazine BACE1 Inhibitor Elicits Sustained Reduction of Amyloid β In Vivo (2021)

We recently disclosed a set of heteroaryl-fused piperazine inhibitors of BACE1 that combined nanomolar potency with good intrinsic permeability and low Pgp-mediated efflux. Herein we describe further work on two prototypes of this family of inhibitors aimed at modulating their basicity and reducing binding to the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel. This effort has led to the identification of compound <b>36</b>, a highly potent (hAβ42 cell IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.3 nM), cardiovascularly safe, and orally bioavailable compound that elicited sustained Aβ<sub>42</sub> reduction in mouse and dog animal models.
Characterization of the human intestinal CD98 promoter and its regulation by interferon-γ (2006)

Growing evidence that epithelial CD98 plays an important role in intestinal inflammation focused our interest to investigate the transcriptional regulation of CD98. Our mouse-based in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that epithelial colonic CD98 mRNA expression was transcriptionally increased in intestinal inflammation. We then isolated and characterized a 5'-flanking fragment containing the promoter region required for CD98 gene transcription. Primer extension and rapid amplification of 5'-cDNA ends were used to map a transcriptional initiation site 129 bp upstream from the translational start codon (ATG). Direct sequencing of the 5'-flanking region revealed the presence of four GC-rich stimulating protein (Sp)1 binding domains, one NF-kappaB binding domain, and no TATA box. Binding of Sp1 [Sp1(-874), SP1(-386), Sp1(-187), and Sp1(-177)] and NF-kappaB [NF-kappaB(-213)] to the promoter was confirmed by EMSA and supershift assays. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed the in vivo DNA-Sp1 and DNA-NF-kappaB interactions under basal and IFN-gamma-stimulated conditions. Reporter genes driven by serially truncated and site-mutated CD98 promoters were used to examine basal and IFN-gamma-responsive transcription in transiently transfected Caco2-BBE cells. Our results revealed that Sp1(-187), Sp1(-177), and the NF-kappaB binding site were essential for basal and IFN-gamma-stimulated CD98 promoter activities, whereas Sp1(-874) and Sp1(-386) were not. The results from additional site-mutated CD98 promoters suggested that Sp1(-187), Sp1(-177), and the NF-kappaB site may cooperate in mediating basal and IFN-gamma-stimulated CD98 promoter activities. Finally, we demonstrated that a reduction of Sp1 or NF-kappaB expression reduced CD98 protein expression in unstimulated and IFN-gamma-stimulated Caco2-BBE cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that the Sp1 and NF-kappaB transcription factors are likely to play a significant role in IFN-gamma-mediated transcriptional regulation of CD98 in the intestinal epithelium, providing new insights into the regulation of CD98 expression in intestinal inflammation.
Accurate Modeling and Analysis of Isolation Performance in Multiport Amplifiers (2012)

A Multiport Amplifier (MPA) is an implementation of the satellite power amplification section that allows sharing the payload RF power among several beams/ports and guarantees a highly efficient exploitation of the available DC satellite power. This feature is of paramount importance in multiple beam satellite systems where the use of MPAs allows reconfiguring the RF output power among the different service beams in order to handle unexpected traffic unbalances and traffic variations over time. This paper presents Monte Carlo simulations carried out by means of an ESA in-house simulator developed in Matlab environment. The objective of the simulations is to analyse how the MPA performance, in particular in terms of isolation at the MPA output ports, is affected by the amplitude and phase tracking errors of the high power amplifiers within the MPA.
Mesangial matrix expansion in a novel mouse model of diabetic kidney disease associated with the metabolic syndrome (2020)

matrix expansion in a novel mouse model of diabetic kidney disease associated with the metabolic syndrome
Phase and coherence extraction from an implant-defined photonic crystal VCSEL array (2011)

Electronically steerable laser sources have applications in diverse areas, such as optical display, free space communications, LIDAR, and illumination. Electronic beam steering using vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) has the advantages of system robustness, radiation hardness, reduced steering time, and energy efficiency. Recently, we demonstrated electronic steering of a single mode coherently coupled VCSEL array [1]. The leaky-mode VCSEL array [2, 3] utilizes a photonic crystal pattern to achieve in-phase operation [4], where a variable phase change between elements can be controlled with current injection to achieve steering [5]. In this work we experimentally extract the phase shift that induces the beam steering and its dependence on injection current. The induced phase change is determined from near and far-field profiles as a function of variable injection current into the array elements. These results will guide the optimization and control of electronic beam steering in leaky-mode VCSEL arrays.
Phase errors in multi‐shot echo planar imaging (1994)

Field inhomogeneity related phase errors in multi-shot echo planar imaging (EPI) are directly visualized and analyzed in the spatial frequency domain data or 'k-space'. The echo time shift (ETS) technique incrementally moves the position of the echo train and improves the phase error function by redistributing phase discontinuities away from the center of k-space.
An Integral Role for Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in Maintaining Peripheral Tolerance by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells (2005)

Over the past decade, a great deal of interest and attention has been directed toward a population of regulatory T cells (Treg) coexpressing the markers CD4 and CD25. The hallmark phenotype of this cell population resides in its ability to dominantly maintain peripheral tolerance and avert autoimmunity. Despite robust research interest in Treg, their mechanism of action and interaction with other cell populations providing immune regulation remains unclear. In this study, we present a model for Treg activity that implicates carbon monoxide, a by-product of heme oxygenase-1 activity, as an important and underappreciated facet in the suppressive capacity of Treg. Our hypothesis is based on recent evidence supporting a role for heme oxygenase-1 in regulating immune reactivity and posit carbon monoxide to function as a suppressive molecule. Potential roles for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines in tolerance induction are also presented. This model, if validated, could act as a catalyst for new investigations into Treg function and ultimately result in novel methods to modulate Treg biology toward therapeutic applications.