gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial Communities and Electrochemical Performance of Titanium-Based Anodic Electrodes in a Microbial Fuel Cell (2010)

Four types of titanium (Ti)-based electrodes were tested in the same microbial fuel cell (MFC) anodic compartment. Their electrochemical performances and the dominant microbial communities of the electrode biofilms were compared. The electrodes were identical in shape, macroscopic surface area, and core material but differed in either surface coating (Pt- or Ta-coated metal composites) or surface texture (smooth or rough). The MFC was inoculated with electrochemically active, neutrophilic microorganisms that had been enriched in the anodic compartments of acetate-fed MFCs over a period of 4 years. The original inoculum consisted of bioreactor sludge samples amended with Geobacter sulfurreducens strain PCA. Overall, the Pt- and Ta-coated Ti bioanodes (electrode-biofilm association) showed higher current production than the uncoated Ti bioanodes. Analyses of extracted DNA of the anodic liquid and the Pt- and Ta-coated Ti electrode biofilms indicated differences in the dominant bacterial communities. Biofilm formation on the uncoated electrodes was poor and insufficient for further analyses. Bioanode samples from the Pt- and Ta-coated Ti electrodes incubated with Fe(III) and acetate showed several Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, of which selected species were dominant, on the surface of the electrodes. In contrast, nitrate-enriched samples showed less diversity, and the enriched strains were not dominant on the electrode surface. Isolated Fe(III)-reducing strains were phylogenetically related, but not all identical, to Geobacter sulfurreducens strain PCA. Other bacterial species were also detected in the system, such as a Propionicimonas-related species that was dominant in the anodic liquid and Pseudomonas-, Clostridium-, Desulfovibrio-, Azospira-, and Aeromonas-related species.
Beckmann Rearrangement Using Indium(III) Chloride: Synthesis of Substituted Oxazoloquinolines from the Corresponding Ketoximes of 3-Acyl-1<i>H</i>-quinolin-4-ones (2006)

Nitrilium ion intermediates in the Beckmann rearrangement of 3-acyl-4-quinolinone ketoximes, in the presence of InCl3, were trapped by the β-hydroxy group of the tautomeric form of the ketoxime giving, predominantly, the corresponding oxazoloquinolines with isooxazoloquinolines formed as minor products.
A Workflow for Non-linear Load Parameter Estimation Using a Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Experimental Testbed (2020)

Low-inertia microgrids may easily have a single load which can make up most of the total load, thereby greatly affecting stability and power quality. Instead of static load models, dynamic load models are presented here for constant current loads (CILs) and constant power loads (CPLs). Next, a flexible Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHiL) testbed is employed for the experiments in this work. The PHiL testbed consists of a real-time computer working with a power amplifier in order to perturb its voltage and frequency. A connected load serves as the device under test (DUT). Using the captured experimental data as a reference, a parameter estimation algorithm is then implemented. The resulting parameter estimates are used to define simulation models. Both the CIL and CPL dynamic models are simulated to produce waveforms that closely resemble experimental waveforms. The algorithm, referred to as an enhanced monte carlo algorithm (EMCA), is explained in this work. Finally, the EMCA's resulting parameter estimates are presented.
PTX80, a novel compound targeting the autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 for treatment of cancer (2022)

Cancer cells are dependent on protein quality-control mechanisms, including protein chaperones, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. The p62 receptor is a classical, ubiquitously expressed receptor, involved in many signal transduction pathways. Upregulation and/or reduced degradation of p62 have been implicated in tumor formation and resistance to therapy. PTX80 is a first-in-class novel inhibitor of protein degradation, developed by Pi Therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. PTX80 binds to p62, inducing a decrease in soluble p62 and formation of insoluble p62 aggregates, and failure of polyubiquitinated proteins to colocalize with p62. PTX80 induces proteotoxic stress and activation of unfolded protein response, which, in turn, leads to apoptosis. Targeting p62, which is a major protein degradation hub, may serve as a novel and beneficial strategy for the treatment of cancer.
Anomalous dispersion, differential gain, and dispersion of the α-factor in InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs strained quantum-well semiconductor lasers (2000)

A new procedure for the experimental determination of the differential gain and dispersion of the amplitude-phase coupling coefficient in semiconductor injection lasers was proposed and implemented. The α-factor and differential gain for InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs single quantum well (QW) semiconductor lasers were determined using this procedure in a wide spectral range (from 957 to 996 nm) at various pumping current densities (from 280 to 850 A/cm2). The factor which characterizes the dispersion of the group velocity and restricts the minimum duration of the lasing pulse at the level of 10−13 s was experimentally determined for InGaAs lasers for the first time.
INTERACTION OF SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES, ELECTRONS, AND LIGHT (2000)

The interaction of surface acoustic waves with free carriers in semiconductor nanostructures has turned out to yield a powerful tool not only for the investigation of the dynamic conductivity of such quantum systems. The latter has been shown in the study of the dynamics of the fractional and integer quantum Hall effect and many other interesting physical phenomena. The interaction is based on a relaxation type and impedance matching effect. However - to make practical use of this strong interaction, the electromechanical coupling coefficients of state-of-the-art semiconductor layered systems are too small. A hybrid technique, merging the strong piezoelectricity of LiNbO 3 or similar substrates with the excellent electronic properties of band gap engineered semiconductor quantum wells tackles this problem. Based on this new hybridization technique, several acoustoelectric high frequency devices have been realized. But also optically generated free electrons and holes in a semiconductor efficiently interact with the piezoelectric fields and potentials accompanying the surface wave. Those are able to field-ionize optically generated excitons leading to an acoustically induced quenching of the photoluminescence of a semiconductor quantum well, and to a system in which photonic signals can be efficiently converted into spatially separated electrons and holes which then can be transported over macroscopic distances along the quantum well. Finally - at a predetermined time and location on the sample – they can be reassembled into photonic signals. But also much simpler photonic devices can be realized using surface acoustic waves on semiconductor samples. For instance, we report on a simple, yet efficient camera type of device for pattern recognition and image processing.
Regulation of Stem Cell Pluripotency and Neural Differentiation by Lysophospholipids (2009)

Lysophospholipids are bioactive signalling molecules able to act through the binding of their specific G-protein-coupled receptors to exert pleiotropic effects on a wide range of cells. The most widely studied signalling lysophospholipids are lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). LPA and S1P have been identified to have widespread developmental, physiological and pathological actions in the central nervous system and more recently have been shown to induce biological effects on various stem cell types. This review aims to summarise the current knowledge on LPA and S1P regulation of embryonic and neural stem cell biology.
Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Glioma Grades Reveals Co-Enrichment (2022)

Gliomas develop and grow in the brain and central nervous system. Examining glioma grading processes is valuable for improving therapeutic challenges. One of the most extensive repositories storing transcriptomics data for gliomas is The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). However, such big cohorts should be processed with caution and evaluated thoroughly as they can contain batch and other effects. Furthermore, biological mechanisms of cancer contain interactions among biomarkers. Thus, we applied an interpretable machine learning approach to discover such relationships. This type of transparent learning provides not only good predictability, but also reveals co-predictive mechanisms among features. In this study, we corrected the strong and confounded batch effect in the TCGA glioma data. We further used the corrected datasets to perform comprehensive machine learning analysis applied on single-sample gene set enrichment scores using collections from the Molecular Signature Database. Furthermore, using rule-based classifiers, we displayed networks of co-enrichment related to glioma grades. Moreover, we validated our results using the external glioma cohorts. We believe that utilizing corrected glioma cohorts from TCGA may improve the application and validation of any future studies. Finally, the co-enrichment and survival analysis provided detailed explanations for glioma progression and consequently, it should support the targeted treatment.
A unified approach to language containment and fair CTL model checking (1993)

Article A unified approach to language containment and fair CTL model checking Share on Authors: Ramin Hojati View Profile , Thomas R. Shiple View Profile , Robert K. Brayton View Profile , Robert P. Kurshan View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993 Pages 475–481https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.164985Online:01 July 1993Publication History 7citation260DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads260Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Characterization of a Variable Isp Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thruster Beam (2006)

The operational flexibility of Electrospray Thrusters (in terms of power requirement for a given mission) can be considerably increased when working in the pure ionic mode. We investigate the performance of a single source over a range of relatively low specific impulses. The aim of this work has been to observe changes in the angular spreading of an ion beam when decelerated down to velocities that theoretically would correspond to Isp from 550s to 2000s. The current losses in a beam extracted from a 508 *m diameter tungsten needle, externally wetted with the ionic liquid EMI-BF 4, have been investigated by measuring the fraction of ions collected at the surface of extractor- and deceleratorelectrodes. The angular spreading of the beam has been characterized by measuring the current through a stainless steel rod swept across the beam. For a low Isp (550s) more than 85% of the ions could be collected 60mm downstream of the emitter while most of the remaining 15% hit the extractor. The ions that did not hit the extractor were collected within a beam half angle of 8.5 °. For the somewhat higher Isp (2000s), more than 90% could be collected and less than 1% of the ions hit the extractor. The beam half angle observed was 13 ° in this case. Nomenclature f = Current intensity distribution function m ￻ = Surface tension liquid metal il ￻ = Surface tension ionic liquid I = Current sp I = Specific impulse x V = Extraction voltage m = Mass i m = Ion mass q = Charge i q = Ion charge ￻ = Beam angle 0 ￻ = Beam half angle acc V = Accelerating voltage a V = Accelerator potential n V = Needle/emitter potential s V = Secondary suppression potential
Anticancer activity of bacteriophage T4 and its mutant HAP1 in mouse experimental tumour models. (2005)

These data suggest that purified bacteriophages may inhibit tumour growth, a phenomenon with potentially important clinical implications in oncology.
Dynamic Graph-Based Anomaly Detection in the Electrical Grid (2020)

Given sensor readings over time from a power grid, how can we accurately detect when an anomaly occurs? A key part of achieving this goal is to use the network of power grid sensors to quickly detect, in real-time, when any unusual events, whether natural faults or malicious, occur on the power grid. Existing bad-data detectors in the industry lack the sophistication to robustly detect broad types of anomalies, especially those due to emerging cyber-attacks, since they operate on a single measurement snapshot of the grid at a time. New ML methods are more widely applicable, but generally do not consider the impact of topology change on sensor measurements and thus cannot accommodate regular topology adjustments in historical data. Hence, we propose DYNWATCH, a domain knowledge based and topology-aware algorithm for anomaly detection using sensors placed on a dynamic grid. Our approach is accurate, outperforming existing approaches by 20% or more (F-measure) in experiments; and fast, running in less than 1.7ms on average per time tick per sensor on a 60K+ branch case using a laptop computer, and scaling linearly in the size of the graph.
Triggering Germination Represents a Novel Strategy to Enhance Killing of Clostridium difficile Spores (2010)

Taken together, these data demonstrate that stimulation of germination could represent a novel method to enhance killing of spores by UV-C, and suggest the possible application of this strategy as a means to enhance killing by other agents.
Charge Calibration Standard for Atomic Force Microscope Tips in Liquids (2020)

An electric charge standard with nanoscale resolution is created using the known charge distribution of a single tobacco mosaic virus coat protein combined with the known packing of these proteins in the virus capsid. This advances the ability to measure charge on nanometric samples. Experimental atomic force microscope (AFM) force-distance curves are collected under aqueous conditions with controlled pH and ion concentration. A mathematical model that considers a polarizable dielectric tip immersed in an electrolyte is used to obtain charge density from the AFM measurements. Interactions between the tip and the sample are modeled using theory that includes monopolar electrostatic interactions, dipolar interactions, screening from both the dielectric nature of ambient water and solvated ions as described by the linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation, and hard-core repulsion. It is found that the tip charge density changes on a timescale of hours requiring recalibration of the tip for experiments lasting more than an hour. As an example of how a charge-calibrated tip may be used, the surface charge densities on 20 individual carboxylate-modified polystyrene (PS) beads are measured. The average of these AFM-measured bead charge densities is compared with the value obtained from conventional titration combined with electron microscopy. The two values are found to agree within 20%. While the comparison demonstrates similarity of the two charge measurements, hypotheses are put forward as to why the two techniques might be expected not to provide identical mean charge densities. The considerations used to build these hypotheses thus underscore the relevance of the method performed here if charge information is required on individual nanoparticles.
Workshop on Reliable Middleware - Foreword. (1999)

Pediatric insomnia is an extrinsic sleep disorder subdivided into two categories: behavioral insomnia and insomnia related to medical, neurological, and psychiatric diseases. This review will cover several types of insomnia, comorbidities and specific pediatric therapies according to clinical characteristics and age. Behavioral insomnia should be differentiated from pediatric insomnia due to medical conditions, mostly occurring during the first year of life. Multiple night awakenings and diurnal hypersomnolence are strong indicators of insomnia due to medical conditions. Insomnia during adolescence and pediatric insomnia associated with psychiatric comorbidity, cognitive disabilities and epilepsy, will be discussed in terms of diagnosis, clinical features and implications for treatment.
Behavioral Economics of Mobility (2004)

behavioral economics, mobility, mobile commerce, information communication technology, hyperbolic discounting, network externalities
Searching for a system: The quest for ovarian cancer biomarkers (2011)

The stark difference in clinical outcome for patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed at early stages (95% survival at 5 years) versus late stages (27.6% survival at 5 years) has driven a decades-long quest for effective biomarkers that will enable earlier detection of ovarian cancer. Yet despite intense efforts, including the application of modern high throughput technologies including transcriptomics and proteomics, there has been little improvement in performance compared to the gold standard of quantifying serum CA125 immunoreactivity paired with transvaginal ultrasound. This review describes the strategies that have been used for identification of ovarian cancer biomarkers, including the recent introduction of novel bioinformatic approaches. Results obtained using high throughput-based vs. biologically rational approaches for the discovery of diagnostic early detection biomarkers are compared and analyzed for functional enrichment.
Geometric quenching of orbital pair breaking in a single crystalline superconducting nanomesh network (2018)

In a superconductor Cooper pairs condense into a single state and in so doing support dissipation free charge flow and perfect diamagnetism. In a magnetic field the minimum kinetic energy of the Cooper pairs increases, producing an orbital pair breaking effect. We show that it is possible to significantly quench the orbital pair breaking effect for both parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields in a thin film superconductor with lateral nanostructure on a length scale smaller than the magnetic length. By growing an ultra-thin (2 nm thick) single crystalline Pb nanowire network, we establish nm scale lateral structure without introducing weak links. Our network suppresses orbital pair breaking for both perpendicular and in-plane fields with a negligible reduction in zero-field resistive critical temperatures. Our study opens a frontier in nanoscale superconductivity by providing a strategy for maintaining pairing in strong field environments in all directions with important technological implications.
Development of a fermented quinoa‐based beverage (2016)

Quinoa is a crop that originated from the Andes. It has high nutritional value, outstanding agro-ecological adaptability, and low water requirements. Quinoa is an excellent crop alternative to help overcome food shortages, and it can also have a role in the prevention of developed world lifestyle diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, etc. In order to expand the traditional uses of quinoa and to provide new, healthier and more nutritious food products, a fermented quinoa-based beverage was developed. Two quinoa varieties (Rosada de Huancayo and Pasankalla) were studied. The fermentation process, viscosity, acidity, and metabolic activity during the preparation and storage of the drink were monitored, as well as the preliminary organoleptic acceptability of the product. The drink had viable and stable microbiota during the storage time and the fermentation proved to be mostly homolactic. Both quinoa varieties were suitable as base for fermented products; Pasankalla, however, has the advantage due to higher protein content, lower saponin concentration, and lower loss of viscosity during the fermentation process. These results suggest that the differences between quinoa varieties may have substantial effects on food processes and on the properties of final products. This is a factor that should be taken into account when planning novel products based on this grain.
Villous Adenoma of the Urinary Tract: A Report of 23 Cases, Including 8 With Coexistent Adenocarcinoma (1999)

Villous adenoma originating in the urinary tract is uncommon. We present the first study of a large number of cases of villous adenoma of the urinary tract with clinical follow-up. Our series consisted of 15 patients with isolated villous adenoma and 8 patients with coexistent adenocarcinoma. The tumors occurred in elderly patients and had a predilection for the urachus, dome, and trigone of the urinary bladder. The typical clinical presentation was hematuria and irritative symptoms, and endoscopic examination usually identified a tumor growth. There was no gender predominance. Light microscopic examination showed morphologic similarity to colonic villous adenoma in all cases. Each tumor was composed of pointed or blunt finger-like processes lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The epithelial cells displayed nuclear stratification, nuclear crowding, nuclear hyperchromasia, and occasional prominent nucleoli and mitotic figures. There was intense carcinoembryonic antigen immunoreactivity on the luminal surfaces (89%). Most cases (78%) contained cytoplasmic acid mucin, demonstrated by Alcian blue periodic acid-Schiff stain. Cytokeratin 20 was positive in all cases, cytokeratin 7 was positive in 56% of cases, and epithelial membrane antigen was positive in 22% of cases. Recurrence or invasive adenocarcinoma did not develop in any patient with isolated villous adenoma during a mean follow-up of 9.9 years. Lung metastasis developed in one patient with coexistent adenocarcinoma and multiple recurrences in another (mean follow-up, 3 years). We conclude that the prognosis is excellent in patients with isolated villous adenoma, and complete surgical resection is curative. Patients with coexistent adenocarcinoma may experience recurrence or distant metastasis, and more aggressive treatment may be indicated.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intramolecular Crossed Rauhut—Currier Reactions Through Cooperative Nucleophilic Activation and Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis: Scope and Mechanistic Insight. (2011)

Abstract The title reaction features simple experimental procedures and is completely atom economical under benign conditions.