gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficiency in Bargaining Games with Alternating Offers (2012)

Bargaining games model situations in which the realization of potential benefits is jeopardized by conflicting bargaining powers. Most of the literature on bargaining behavior focuses on bargaining over gains. Exploration of behavior in situations under which agents bargain over losses has received only limited attention from the profession. An important question is whether the negative effect of competing bargaining powers on the efficiency of agreements is more severe in bargaining over gains or over losses. Another understudied research question is how the likelihood that the outcome of a negotiation will actually be implemented affects efficiency of bargaining. We design an experiment that addresses these two questions. We find that in alternating offers games, outcomes of bargaining over gains are more efficient than outcomes of bargaining over losses. We also find that the likelihood that an interaction is implemented has a positive effect on the efficiency of bargaining.
Association of Poorer Hearing With Longitudinal Change in Cerebral White Matter Microstructure (2020)

Findings of this cohort study suggest that poorer hearing is related to change in integrity of specific WM regions involved with auditory processing.
BONIFICA DI SUOLI CONTAMINATI DA MERCURIO CON TECNOLOGIE ELETTROCINETICHE: IL PROBLEMA DELLA SPECIAZIONE DEL CONTAMINANTE PER UNA CORRETTA VALUTAZIONE DEI TEST DI LABORATORIO E SUCCESSIVA PROGETTAZIONE DI UNA PROVA DI CAMPO (2011)

Le tecniche elettrocinetiche di estrazione di ioni metallici da matrici solide disperse hanno trovato ampia descrizione nella letteratura scientifica degli ultimi vent’anni. L’imposizione di campi elettrici di adeguata intensità attraverso porzioni sature di suolo può determinare la movimentazione di specie cariche. In linea di principio, tale effetto consta di due componenti: una di esse è l’elettromigrazione, l’altra è la componente dovuta al trascinamento elettroosmotico della carica ionica spaziale affacciata alla superficie, essa stessa carica, delle particelle componenti il suolo. Nel caso dell’elettromigrazione, il campo elettrico ha sostanzialmente il ruolo di “forza motrice” per la movimentazione delle specie ioniche attraverso l’acqua di impregnazione del solido disperso e del suolo in particolare. L’effetto resta anche se la matrice solida è finemente suddivisa. L’applicazione di tale tecnologia, quando finalizzata all’abbattimento del mercurio presente in forma metallica, ne richiede una preventiva dissoluzione, facilitata dall’aggiunta di opportuni agenti chimici. La progettazione di un intervento deve essere preceduta da un’analisi di speciazione del metallo presente nel terreno contaminato e da test elettrochimici di laboratorio.&#13;\nL’analisi del terreno con speciazione dell’inquinante è stata condotta tramite l’approccio proposto da Boszke et al. “Mercury mobility and bioavailability in soil from contaminated area”, Environmental Geology (2008) 55: 1075-1087. L’analisi del terreno è stata ripetuta dopo il test elettrochimico di laboratorio, per una valutazione della quantità di Hg rimossa. In aggiunta, per un confronto con i risultati ottenuti con questo metodo, si è utilizzata anche la procedura di speciazione alternativa EPA 3200.&#13;\nIl test elettrochimico di laboratorio è stato condotto su una quantità di terreno pari a circa 400 kg, per una durata di circa 3 mesi. Le analisi sul terreno dopo trattamento evidenziano un consistente abbattimento dell’Hg totale (pari a circa il 60% del totale).&#13;\nSulla base dei risultati ottenuti si può procedere a progettare l’intervento in campo, impiantistica di processo, modalità di gestione dell’intervento in campo e stima dei tempi per il raggiungimento dell’obiettivo della bonifica, basato sulla rimozione delle forme mobili e mobilizzabili di Hg.
Analysis of the complexity of the HEVC motion estimation (2016)

The paper presents analysis and comparison of complexity of selected algorithms of motion estimation used in video compression. With the use of own, highly optimized software implementation the authors explored complexity of the methods applied in the framework of the new High Efficiency Video Compression (HEVC) technology. The influence of many different factors on motion estimation complexity has been deeply studied, including the implementation technique, type of the algorithm, number of processor threads used, kind of metric of blocks similarity. The results obtained allowed to formulate guidelines and conclusions that may be useful for future implementation of motion estimation algorithms in context of HEVC encoders.
Modulation of retinoblastoma cell characteristics by hexamethylene bis-acetamide and other differentiating agents in culture. (1993)

The undifferentiated Y-79 retinoblastoma cell line can be induced by specific agents to express characteristics of mature retinal cells. In the present study, attached Y-79 cell cultures were treated with hexamethylene bis-acetamide (HMBA) and other differentiating agents and examined for "neuronal" and other properties. Immunocytochemical staining was performed with antibodies against neuron- and retina-specific antigens, [synaptophysin, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), and rod- and cone-specific transducin (TR alpha and TC alpha)] and microtubule-associated protein (MAP-1) and tubulin. Enhanced expression of tubulin was observed with cAMP treatment in FBS media. Expression of N-CAM was observed in all groups. Morphological differentiation was pronounced with HMBA and butyrate treatment, with HMBA inducing increased tubulin expression after 2 weeks of treatment. Expression of TR alpha was minimal under all culture conditions, whereas TC alpha was ubiquitously expressed. This supports the concept that Y-79 retinoblastoma is predominantly of cone neuronal origin and that, surprisingly, immunocytochemical differentiation is not correlated with the marked morphological changes induced by the major differentiating agents used.
Production of Nanophase Metals via the Continuous Microwave Polyol Process (2010)

Thkis paper demonstrates that the continuous microwave polyol system can be used in production of sizeable quantities of nanophase metal powders. The polyol process, in which an organic solvent such as ethylene glycol is used to reduce a metal salt to the metal, has been used for about a decade in production of nanophase metals and mixtures of such metals. The process has been demonstrated to be capable of producing a great variety of fine metal powders, with particle size down to 1-10 nm, and with intrinsic protection of the fine metal particles from oxidation. Commercialization of this process could permit production of nanophase metal powders on large scales at affordable costs for a variety of applications. In this continuous microwave process, much higher production rates can be achieved relative to the conventional batch process, and the process is readily scaleable without significant changes in product quality.
Characterization of a Nd:YAG doubled-pulsed laser system (1992)

A description of a frequency doubled, double pulsed Nd:YAG laser that is to be used to pump an injection locked Ti:Sapphire power oscillator is presented. These two lasers make up the transmitter portion of the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LAWSE) instrument. LASE is a Lidar/DIAL experiment that is to measure water vapor in the troposphere. By utilizing the twin concept, both pulses can be produced with a single laser system, thereby minimizing cost, size, and weight. Alignment problems associated with having two separate lasers each produce one of the twin pulses are also alleviated. The LASE transmitter consists of a doubled pulsed Nd:YAG laser that will pump a Ti:Sapphire power oscillator that will be injection-locked by a diode laser. The wavelength of the Ti:Sapphire output will be tunable from 813 to 818 nm. A performance summary of the pump laser is given. The data verify that the pump laser can meet the performance requirements to pump the Ti:Sapphire power oscillator.
Repletion of Atypical Protein Kinase C following RNA Interference-mediated Depletion Restores Insulin-stimulated Glucose Transport (2006)

The role of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in myocytes and adipocytes is controversial. Whereas studies involving the use of adenovirally mediated expression of kinase-inactive aPKC in L6 myocytes and 3T3/L1 and human adipocytes, and data from knock-out of aPKC in adipocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells and subsequently derived adipocytes, suggest that aPKCs are required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport, recent findings in studies of aPKC knockdown by small interfering RNA (RNAi) in 3T3/L1 adipocytes are conflicting. Moreover, there are no reports of aPKC knockdown in myocytes, wherein insulin effects on glucose transport are particularly relevant for understanding whole body glucose disposal. Presently, we exploited the fact that L6 myotubes and 3T3/L1 adipocytes have substantially different (30% nonhomology) major aPKCs, viz. PKC-zeta in L6 myotubes and PKC-lambda in 3T3/L1 adipocytes, that nevertheless can function interchangeably for glucose transport. Accordingly, in L6 myotubes, RNAi-targeting PKC-zeta, but not PKC-lambda, markedly depleted aPKC and concomitantly inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose transport; more importantly, these depleting/inhibitory effects were rescued by adenovirally mediated expression of PKC-lambda. Conversely, in 3T3/L1 adipocytes, RNAi constructs targeting PKC-lambda, but not PKC-zeta, markedly depleted aPKC and concomitantly inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose transport; here again, these depleting/inhibitory effects were rescued by adenovirally mediated expression of PKC-zeta. These findings in knockdown and, more convincingly, rescue studies, strongly support the hypothesis that aPKCs are required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in myocytes and adipocytes.
The myocardial protective effects of puerarin on STZ-induced diabetic rats. (2009)

To investigate the myocardial protective effects of puerarin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the possible mechanism were involved. 45 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as diabetic group (intraperitoneally injected STZ 65 mg/kg), puerarin treatment group (intraperitoneally injected STZ 65 mg/kg, and intraperitoneally injected puerarin 100 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks), and control group (intraperitoneally injected saline 6 ml/kg). Four weeks after the model induction, the myocardial changes were observed by H-E stain and Transmission electron microscopy, the alteration of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) protein and mRNA expression in the myocardium were also assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. The heart function of three groups' rats was tested by Langendorff isolated in vivo heart perfusion. The differences in the data of weight and blood sugar of diabetic between puerarin treatment and normal groups were significant after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Our results demonstrated that diabetic myocardial ultrastructural changes included myofibrillar disarrangements and mitochondria disruption. These damages were significantly less severe in the puerarin treatment group compared with the diabetic group. A significant decrease of TSP-1 expression was observed in the puerarin treated rats' myocardium compared to the diabetic rats (P<0.01). Left ventricular systolic end pressure (LVSEP) and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) of puerarin treatment group were also significantly increased compared to diabetic group (P<0.01). Altogether puerarin could improve the left ventricular function of diabetic rats and showed protective effects of myocardium by decreasing the TSP-1 expression in myocardium of diabetic rats.
Data from Immunologic Characterization and T cell Receptor Repertoires of Expanded Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The successful use of expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in adoptive TIL therapies has been reported, but the effects of the TIL expansion, immunophenotype, function, and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of the infused products relative to the tumor microenvironment (TME) are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the tumor samples (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 58) from treatment-naïve patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), “pre-rapidly expanded” TILs (pre-REP TIL, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 15) and “rapidly expanded” TILs (REP TIL, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 25) according to a clinical-grade TIL production protocol, with single-cell RNA (scRNA)+TCRαβ-seq (TCRαβ sequencing), TCRβ-sequencing (TCRβ-seq), and flow cytometry. REP TILs encompassed a greater abundance of CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; than CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells, with increased LAG-3 and low PD-1 expressions in both CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cell compartments compared with the pre-REP TIL and tumor T cells. The REP protocol preferentially expanded small clones of the CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; phenotype (&lt;i&gt;CD4&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;IL7R&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;KLRB1&lt;/i&gt;) in the TME, indicating that the largest exhausted T cell clones in the tumor do not expand during the expansion protocol. In addition, by generating a catalog of RCC-associated TCR motifs from &gt;1,000 scRNA+TCRαβ-seq and TCRβ-seq RCC, healthy and other cancer sample cohorts, we quantified the RCC-associated TCRs from the expansion protocol. Unlike the low-remaining amount of anti-viral TCRs throughout the expansion, the quantity of the RCC-associated TCRs was high in the tumors and pre-REP TILs but decreased in the REP TILs. Our results provide an in-depth understanding of the origin, phenotype, and TCR specificity of RCC TIL products, paving the way for a more rationalized production of TILs.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;TILs are a heterogenous group of immune cells that recognize and attack the tumor, thus are utilized in various clinical trials. In our study, we explored the TILs in patients with kidney cancer by expanding the TILs using a clinical-grade protocol, as well as observed their characteristics and ability to recognize the tumor using in-depth experimental and computational tools.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Miniaturized fiber raster scanner for endoscopy (2011)

A miniaturized scanning mechanism is a crucial component in the creation of endoscopes for microscopic imaging. Several groups have developed resonant scanners (e.g., spiral or Lissajous scan pattern), but these suffer from limitations in non-uniform spatial coverage and sampling time, in comparison to a raster scanner. Additionally, a resonant scanner lacks the ability to perform line-scan imaging, a crucial capability in measuring a variety of fast, dynamic physiological phenomena (e.g., blood flow, molecular diffusion, etc.). However, current miniaturized raster scanners are limited in terms of their physical dimensions and scan speed. We demonstrate a novel hybrid resonant/non-resonant miniaturized raster scanner, fabricated by mounting a double clad fiber onto two perpendicularly oriented piezo bimorphs. The fiber scanner has a total length of 2.6cm, a width/thickness [less than or equal to] 1mm, achieves [greater than or equal to] fiber tip deflection for both the resonant and non-resonant axes, and allows for imaging at approximately 4 frames per second (512 lines per frame). An essentially uniform spatial coverage and sampling time can be achieved by utilizing the middle portion (e.g., middle 500 &#956;m) of the resonant scanning range. The small size allows for the fiber scanner to be easily packaged along with miniaturized lenses to form an endoscope for microscopic imaging. We bonded a stiffening fiber alongside the vibrating fiber to break its cylindrical symmetry. Thus, only one vibration mode is excited, generating a purely linear spatial motion. In order to demonstrate the fiber scanner's imaging capabilities we have taken transmission and fluorescence images, in which the double clad fiber's inner clad is used for fluorescence collection.
Exactly solvable nonlinear model for a Smith-Purcell free-electron laser (1981)

We present a model for a Smith-Purcell free-electron laser, including nonlinear effects, that can be solved in closed form. The model is shown to obey the pendulum equation. The average electron efficiency calculated by means of this model is compared with that obtained from an exact numerical calculation and from a simpler "phase-space" model for a wide range of physical parameters.
Dietary intake of linoleic acid, its concentrations and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies (2021)

&lt;b&gt;Background: &lt;/b&gt;Earlier evidence on the association between dietary PUFAs and risk of diabetes has been conflicting.&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To quantitatively summarize previous studies on the association between dietary LA intake, its biomarkers, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the general population.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Data source:&lt;/b&gt; PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science until 24 October 2020, and reference lists of all related articles, and key journals.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Study selection: &lt;/b&gt;Prospective cohort studies that examined the associations of LA with the risk of T2DM in adults.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Data synthesis:&lt;/b&gt; The inverse variance method was applied to calculate summary relative risk (RR) of LA intake and its biomarkers, and dose-response associations was modeled using restricted cubic splines. Twenty-three publications, covering a total of 31 prospective cohorts, were included; these studies included 297,685 participants (22,639 incident diabetes cases) with dietary intake assessment and 84,171 participants (18,458 incident diabetes cases) with biomarker measurements. High intake of LA was associated with a 6% lower risk of T2DM (summary relative risk (RR): 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90, 0.99;&lt;i&gt; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;=48.5%). In the dose-response analysis, each 5% increment in energy from LA intake was associated with a 10% lower risk of T2DM. There was also evidence of a linear association between LA intake and diabetes, with the lowest risk at highest intakes. The summary RR for diabetes per SD increment in LA concentrations in adipose tissue/blood compartments was 0.85 (95%CI: 0.80, 0.90; &lt;i&gt;I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;=66.2%). The certainty of the evidence was assessed as moderate.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Limitation:&lt;/b&gt; Observational design of studies included in the analyses.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We found that a high intake of dietary LA and elevated concentrations of LA in the body were both significantly associated with a lower risk of T2DM. These findings support dietary recommendations to consume dietary LA.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of process variables on producing biocoals by hydrothermal carbonisation of pine Kraft lignin at low temperatures (2022)

Lignin from pulping is recovered in a wet form, making it ideal for hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC). This study investigates the effects of temperature (200–280 °C), residence time (1–6 h), and water to biomass mass ratio (2:1–6:1) on the composition of the resultant biocoal and the extent of alkaline and alkaline metal removal during HTC of pine Kraft lignin (PKL). Consistent with studies on other biomass materials, temperature exhibited the most significant effect on biocoal yield and properties, followed by residence time showing a marginal effect and varying the water to lignin mass only affecting alkaline and alkaline earth metals removal. Biocoal yields were in the range of 76–95 % (80–97 % on a carbon basis) and, compositionally, the biocoal obtained corresponded to sub-bituminous (220–260 °C) and high volatile bituminous coals (280 °C). Gas yields are low with the gas comprising mainly CO2 (98 v/v). The optimum temperature, time and biomass to water ratio for alkaline and alkaline earth metals removal was 260 °C, 3 h and 5:1 under which 93–95 % for sodium (Na) and potassium (K) and 75–80 % for magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) removal were achieved. Solid-state 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) revealed that during HTC, the oxygen-containing bonds of esters, ethers, and carboxylic groups were dissociated to produce lower-molecular weight including phenolic compounds dissolved in the process water. These findings have shown that the HTC is a promising alternative thermochemical route for coalification of wet PKL to a low ash coal-like fuel similar to sub-bituminous coal in rank that has potential applications for carbonisation.
Transmission of multidrug-resistant HIV-1: 5 years of immunological and virological survey (2007)

Multidrug resistant HIV-1 acquired at the time of primary infection in two patients persisted for at least 5 years with and without treatment. In each patient, only one back mutation to wild-type codon in the protease gene occurred, and that was concomitantly associated with a marked CD4 cell count decrease. In both cases, infection was caused by CCR5 viruses and no rapid clinical progression to AIDS after primary infection was observed.
Genetic Analysis of Viable Hsp90 Alleles Reveals a Critical Role in Drosophila Spermatogenesis (1999)

The Hsp90 chaperone protein maintains the activities of a remarkable variety of signal transducers, but its most critical functions in the context of the whole organism are unknown. Point mutations of Hsp83 (the Drosophila Hsp90 gene) obtained in two different screens are lethal as homozygotes. We report that eight transheterozygous mutant combinations produce viable adults. All exhibit the same developmental defects: sterile males and sterile or weakly fertile females. We also report that scratch, a previously identified male-sterile mutation, is an allele of Hsp82 with a P-element insertion in the intron that reduces expression. Thus, it is a simple reduction in Hsp90 function, rather than possible altered functions in the point mutants, that leads to male sterility. As shown by light and electron microscopy, all stages of spermatogenesis involving microtubule function are affected, from early mitotic divisions to later stages of sperm maturation, individualization, and motility. Aberrant microtubules are prominent in yeast cells carrying mutations in HSP82 (the yeast Hsp90 gene), confirming that Hsp90 function is connected to microtubule dynamics and that this connection is highly conserved. A small fraction of Hsp90 copurifies with taxol-stabilized microtubule proteins in Drosophila embryo extracts, but Hsp90 does not remain associated with microtubules through repeated temperature-induced assembly and disassembly reactions. If the spermatogenesis phenotypes are due to defects in microtubule dynamics, we suggest these are indirect, reflecting a role for Hsp90 in maintaining critical signal transduction pathways and microtubule effectors, rather than a direct role in the assembly and disassembly of microtubules themselves.