gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre-hardware optimization of spacecraft image processing software algorithms and hardware implementation (2003)

Spacecraft telemetry rates and product complexity have steadily increased over the last decade presenting a problem for real-time processing by ground facilities. This paper proposes a solution to a related problem for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Spacecraft (GOES-8) image data processing and color picture generation (GOES-8 application). The proposed solution is based on a PC platform and synergy of optimized software algorithms and reconfigurable computing hardware (RC) technologies, such as FPGA and DSP. The solution involved porting the GOES-8 application from its Silicon Graphics Inc Workstation/UNIX platform, making minor platform specific changes to the GOES-8 application so that it runs on the PC, benchmarking the various code segments, and implementing the most computing intensive functions in hardware. After pre-hardware optimization steps in the PC environment, the necessity for RC hardware implementation for bottleneck code became more evident. The problem was solved beginning with the methodology described by T. Flatley (AIST-0132-0000, 1999), M. Figueiredo et al (IEEE Comp. Mag., pp. 115-118, 1999), and S. Kizhner (Proc. ION GPS'2000), and implementing a novel methodology for this application. The PC-RC interface bandwidth problem for the class of applications with moderate input-output data rates but large intermediate multi source data streams has been addressed and mitigated. This opens a new class of satellite image processing applications for bottleneck problem solution using RC technologies. The issue of a science algorithm level of abstraction necessary for RC hardware implementation is also described. Selected software functions already implemented in hardware were investigated for applicability in order to create a library of RC functions for ongoing work. A complete class of spacecraft image processing applications development using reconfigurable computing technology to meet real-time requirements, including methodology, performance results and comparison with the existing system, is described in this paper.
Impact of the Morphology of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>Electrodes on the Electrochemical Na<sup>+</sup>-Ion Intercalation (2018)

The development of high performance electrodes for Na-ion batteries requires a fundamental understanding of the electrode electrochemistry. In this work, the effect of the morphology of vanadium oxide on battery performance is investigated. First, the phase transitions upon sodiation/de-sodiation of NaxV2O5 cathodes in standard battery solvents are explored by cyclic voltammetry and X-Ray diffraction. At potentials 1.5 V positive of Na/Na+ the insertion of the first Na+ into pristine V2O5 is completed and α'-NaV2O5 is formed. A discharge to 1.0 V results in the introduction of a second Na+ and after a deep discharge to 0 V a third Na+ is intercalated. When cycled as an intercalation electrode, the Na-content x in NaxV2O5 varies between x = 1 (charged) and x = 2 (discharged). For studying the effect of electrode morphology on the battery performance, several types of V2O5 (hollow V2O5 microspheres, V2O5 nanobundles and V2O5 nanobundles blended with 10%wt TiO2) were prepared and compared to a commercially available V2O5-micropowder. The nanobundles were prepared by a facile sonochemical process. In comparison to the microsized V2O5 morphologies, the potential plateaus in the charge/discharge curves of the V2O5 nanobundles are at more positive potentials and the capacity loss in the first cycle is suppressed. The V2O5 nanobundles showed the best battery performance with a reversible capacity of 209.2 mAh g−1 and an energy density of 571.2 mWh kg−1 (2nd cycle). After an initial capacity fading, which can be slightly suppressed by blending the V2O5 with TiO2, the pure V2O5 nanobundles have a practical capacity of 85 mAh g−1, an operation potential of 2.4 V, an energy density of 266.5 mWh kg−1 and a capacity retention of 83% after 100 cycles. The best battery performance of the nanomaterial is ascribed in this study to the amorphous character of the electrode, favoring faster electrode kinetics due to a (pseudo-) capacity dominated charging/discharging, reducing diffusion lengths and preventing further amorphization, which all is beneficial in terms of lifetime, capacity, operation voltage, energy density and energy efficiency.
Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) in Brachytherapy (2017)

Additive manufacturing (AM) in the context of brachytherapy attempts to address shortcomings of standardized applicators with the ability of creating customized, robust, sterilizable applicators that aim to conform the applicators to suit the patient's needs. AM is a process that has been in development for the last 30 years and began with the invention of stereolithography by, Charles W. Hull. AM is also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing and refers to seven distinct process types. Prototypes and end-use components created using AM are now in use in various industries from consumer products, automotive and aerospace, to medicine utilizing a multitude of materials including plastics, ceramics, metals, and composites. AM starts with the generation of a 3D model created using a computer aided design (CAD) software program with the finished model being saved as a standard tessellation language (STL) file which breaks the model into tiny triangles.
The chemokine receptor CX3CR1 is directly involved in the arrest of breast cancer cells to the skeleton (2019)

Abstract Introduction Skeletal metastases from breast adenocarcinoma are responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality associated with this tumor and represent a significant and unmet need for therapy. The arrival of circulating cancer cells to the skeleton depends first on the adhesive interactions with the endothelial cells lining the bone marrow sinusoids, and then the extravasation toward chemoattractant molecules produced by the surrounding bone stroma. We have previously shown that the membrane-bound and cell-adhesive form of the chemokine fractalkine is exposed on the luminal side of human bone marrow endothelial cells and that bone stromal cells release the soluble and chemoattractant form of this chemokine. The goal of this study was to determine the role of fractalkine and its specific receptor CX3CR1 in the homing of circulating breast cancer cells to the skeleton. Methods We employed a powerful pre-clinical animal model of hematogenous metastasis, in which fluorescent cancer cells are identified immediately after their arrival to the bone. We engineered cells to over-express either wild-type or functional mutants of CX3CR1 as well as employed transgenic mice knockout for fractalkine. Results CX3CR1 protein is detected in human tissue microarrays of normal and malignant mammary glands. We also found that breast cancer cells expressing high levels of this receptor have a higher propensity to spread to the skeleton. Furthermore, studies with fractalkine-null transgenic mice indicate that the ablation of the adhesive and chemotactic ligand of CX3CR1 dramatically impairs the skeletal dissemination of circulating cancer cells. Finally, we conclusively confirmed the crucial role of CX3CR1 on breast cancer cells for both adhesion to bone marrow endothelium and extravasation into the bone stroma. Conclusions We provide compelling evidence that the functional interactions between fractalkine produced by both the endothelial and stromal cells of bone marrow and the CX3CR1 receptor on breast cancer cells are determinant in the arrest and initial lodging needed for skeletal dissemination.
Photorelease and Cellular Delivery of Mitocurcumin from Its Cytotoxic Cobalt(III) Complex in Visible Light (2016)

Ternary cobalt(III) complexes of curcumin (Hcur) and mitocurcumin [Hmitocur, a dicationic bis(triphenylphosphonium) derivative of curcumin] having a tetradentate phenolate-based ligand (H2L), namely, [Co(cur)(L)] (1) and [Co(mitocur)(L)]Cl2 (2), were prepared and structurally characterized, and their photoinduced cytotoxicity was studied. The diamagnetic cobalt(III) complexes show an irreversible Co(III)–Co(II) redox response and a quasireversible curcuminoid-based reduction near −1.45 and −1.74 V SCE, respectively, in DMF/0.1 M [nBu4N](ClO4). The complexes exhibit a curcumin/mitocurcumin-based absorption band near 420 nm. Complex 1 was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structure contains the metal in a CoN2O4 distorted octahedral coordination arrangement with curcumin binding to the metal in its enolic form. Binding to cobalt(III) increases the hydrolytic stability of curcumin. Complex 2, having a dicationic curcuminoid, shows significant cellular uptake and photoinduced cytotoxicity compared to its curcumin analogue 1. The dicationic cobalt(III) complex 2 has significantly better cellular uptake and bioactivity than the neutral species 1. Complex 2 with mitochondrial localization releases the mitocurcumin dye upon exposure to visible light (400–700 nm) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through photoreduction of cobalt(III) to cobalt(II). Complex 2 displays a remarkable photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect, giving an IC50 value of ∼3.9 μM in visible light (400–700 nm) in MCF-7 cells while being much less toxic in the dark (>50 μM). The released mitocurcumin acts as a phototoxin, generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROSs). The overall process leads to light-controlled delivery of a curcuminoid (mitocur) into the tumor cells while the dye alone suffers from hydrolytic instability and poor bioavailability.
Flat panel display prototype using gated carbon nanotube field emitters (2001)

A flat panel display prototype has been fabricated using gated carbon nanotubes as electron emission source. The gate structure is made by a self-aligned method. The pixels are turned “on” and “off” by controlling the gate electrode with a 50 V source. The operating properties of the display show much promise for further development. It is believed that this technology can lead to easy-to-make and inexpensive flat panel displays with low driving voltage.
Transport characteristics of clarithromycin, azithromycin and telithromycin, antibiotics applied for treatment of respiratory infections, in Calu-3 cell monolayers as model lung epithelial cells. (2012)

We have shown that clarithromycin (CAM), a macrolide antibiotic, more highly distributes from plasma to lung epithelium lining fluid (ELF), the infection site of pathogens, than azithromycin (AZM) and telithromycin (TEL). Transporter(s) expressed on lung epithelial cells may contribute to the distribution of the compiunds to the ELF. However, distribution mechanisms are not well known. In this study, their transport characteristics in Calu-3 cell monolayers as model lung epithelial cells were examined. The basolateral-to-apical transport of CAM through Calu-3 cell monolayers was greater than that of AZM and TEL. Although verapamil and cyclosporine A as MDR1 substrates completely inhibited the basolateral-to-apical transport, probenecid as MRP1 inhibitor did not show an effect. These results suggest that the antibiotics are transported from plasma to ELF by MDR1 of lung epithelial cells. In addition, their affinity and binding rate to MDR1 was examined by ATP activity assay. The affinity and binding rate of CAM was greater than those of AZM and TEL. These corresponded with the distributions from plasma to ELF as described above. The present study suggests that the more highly distribution of CAM from plasma to ELF is due to the high affinity and binding rate to MDR1 of lung epithelial cells.
Response to ‘‘Comment on ‘Observation of a negative differential resistance due to tunneling through a single barrier into a quantum well’ ’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>5</b> <b>0</b>, 1610 (1987)] (1987)

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Statins for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (2022)

Currently, there is no evidence on the potential effects of statin therapy in people with SLOS regarding survival or QoL, and very limited evidence on the effects on neurobehavioral manifestations. Likewise, current evidence is insufficient and of very low certainty regarding the effects of statins on growth parameters in children with SLOS and plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of various disease biomarkers. Despite these limitations, current evidence seemingly suggests that statins may increase the risk of adverse reactions in individuals with SLOS receiving statins compared to those who are not. Given the insufficient evidence on potential benefits of statins in individuals with SLOS, and their potential for causing adverse reactions, anyone considering this therapy should take these findings into consideration. Future studies should address the highlighted gaps in evidence on the use of statins in individuals with SLOS by collecting prospective data on survival and performing serial standardized assessments of neurobehavioral features, QoL, anthropometric measures, and plasma and CSF biomarker levels after statin introduction. Future studies should also attempt to use consistent dosages, formulations and durations of cholesterol and statin therapy.
Unified Finite Difference Modeling of Transient Flow in Naturally Fractured Carbonate Karst Reservoirs - A 3D Case Study (2015)

Abstract The modeling and numerical simulation of fluid flow in naturally fractured carbonate karst reservoirs are extremely challenging due to non-Darcy flow in vugs and caves connected by fracture networks. The momentum balance of such flow has been shown to be better described by the Brinkman equation both physically and mathematically, and many methods have been proposed in the literature dealing with the steady-state Brinkman model. We carry Brinkman's idea one step further and propose a transient flow model which consists of the Brinkman equation and a generalized material balance equation, and the latter has proven to be exact in the fractured carbonate karst reservoir. Finite differences are implemented for the solution of the proposed transient flow model. This solution method is more straightforward, easier to derive and implement, and more apt to generalization from 2D to 3D cases than alternative techniques. Numerical simulation of the transient Brinkman model requires explicit solution of not only pressure at the center of each grid block, but also velocities at the interfaces between the blocks, which exaggerates the computational cost and makes the computational process more difficult and less stable. In this paper, we propose a simplified finite difference formulation of the transient Brinkman model, which significantly reduces the computational time of the simulation process, and improves accuracy and stability of the simulation results. We update our reservoir simulator with this new formulation and illustrate it with a complex 3D naturally fractured carbonate karst reservoir model. The results of this study form the foundation for future 3D multi-phase reservoir cases.
Synthesis and Deposition of Thermochromic VO2 Thin Films from Peroxide-based Chemical Solutions (2021)

In this paper, a novel synthesis for a chemical precursor for nanocrystalline VO2 coatings is elaborated. The compatibility of the precursor towards the substrate is optimized for spin coating. This is done by subjecting multiple solvents to contact angle measurements. A suitable thermal treatment is developed to densify the coating and to induce crystallization. Afterwards the microstructure of the coating is investigated using X-Ray diffraction, electron microscopy and ellipsometry techniques. To assess the thermochromic properties of the fabricated device, optical transmission experiments were conducted both at room temperature and at elevated temperature. A correlation between these thermochromic properties and coating thickness was investigated in order to obtain an optimized thermochromic device, where both high visual transparency and prominent thermochromic switching abilities are aimed for. In this work, an optimal coating thickness is proposed for a thermochromic coating with high switching ability and solar modulation.
Bioreactor Scale‐Down (2000)

The Scale-Down Approach Regime Analysis Simulation Optimization and Modeling Application Scale-Down Studies in Cell Culture Experimental Configurations for Scale-Down Studies Simulation of Dissolved Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide Gradients Simulation of Substrate or pH Gradients Nomenclature Bibliography
Role of σ <sup>B</sup> in the Expression of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall Adhesins ClfA and FnbA and Contribution to Infectivity in a Rat Model of Experimental Endocarditis (2005)

Isogenic Staphylococcus aureus strains with different capacities to produce sigma(B) activity were analyzed for their ability to attach to fibrinogen- or fibronectin-coated surfaces or platelet-fibrin clots and to cause endocarditis in rats. In comparison to the sigma(B)-deficient strain, BB255, which harbors an rsbU mutation, both rsbU-complemented and sigma(B)-overproducing derivatives exhibited at least five times greater attachment to fibrinogen- and fibronectin-coated surfaces and showed increased adherence to platelet-fibrin clots. No differences in adherence were seen between BB255 and a DeltarsbUVWsigB isogen. Northern blotting analyses revealed that transcription of clfA, encoding fibrinogen-binding protein clumping factor A, and fnbA, encoding fibronectin-binding protein A, were positively influenced by sigma(B). Sigma(B) overproduction resulted in a statistically significant increase in positive spleen cultures and enhanced bacterial densities in both the aortic vegetations and spleens at 16 h postinoculation. In contrast, at 72 h postinoculation, tissues infected with the sigma(B) overproducer had lower bacterial densities than did those infected with BB255. These results suggest that although sigma(B) appears to increase the adhesion of S. aureus to various host cell-matrix proteins in vitro, it has limited effect on pathogenesis in the rat endocarditis model. Sigma(B) appears to have a transient enhancing effect on bacterial density in the early stages of infection that is lost during progression.
Recency ranking by diversification of result set (2011)

In this paper, we propose a web search retrieval approach which automatically detects recency sensitive queries and increases the freshness of the ordinary document ranking by a degree proportional to the probability of the need in recent content. We propose to solve the recency ranking problem by using result diversification principles and deal with the query's non-topical ambiguity appearing when the need in recent content can be detected only with uncertainty. Our offine and online experiments with millions of queries from real search engine users demonstrate the significant increase in satisfaction of users presented with a search result generated by our approach.
2018 Vegetable Production Handbook Chapter 9: Leafy Vegetable Production (2018)

This 29-page fact sheet is chapter 9 of the 2018 Vegetable Production Handbook. Written by Monica Ozores-Hampton, Ramdas Kanissery, Richard N. Raid, Johan Desaeger, Joseph, W. Noling, Julien Beuzelin, and Christian F. Miller, and published by the Horticultural Sciences Department, 2018. HS728/CV293: Chapter 9. Leafy Vegetable Production (ufl.edu)
GW24-e0008 The study of strengthening kidney and activating circulation therapy on patients with Parkinson’s disease (2013)

Objectives To study of strengthening kidney and activating circulation therapy on patients with parkinson’s disease. Methods A multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study was undertaken. 96 PD patients were enrolled and randomly divided into treatment group and placebo group, both groups based on Madopar treatment. All patients were treated for 9 months, including 6 months’ follow-up period. Scale of symptoms in PD was measured to observe the effects of strengthening kidney and activating circulation therapy on patients with parkinson’s disease. Security indicators for drug adverse effects were also measured before and after treatment. Results The treatment group showed a higher efficacy than the placebo group in improving symptoms in PD ( P&lt;0.01 ), effective power 87.65%. No adverse effects were found in this trial. Conclusions SKAC can markedly improve symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The effects were obvious along with the process of treatment.
Detection of Interleukin 4 (IL-4) in Tears of Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis (1994)

Fujishima, H*,†; Takeuchi, T‡; Shimazaki, J*; Shinozaki, N*; Tsubota, K*,† Author Information
Persistent Infection of Rats with Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Virus and their Antibody Responses (1986)

Newborn (within 24 h after birth), 1-week-old and 6-week-old (adult) rats were inoculated with a Hantaan-related virus (B-1) and attempts were made to isolate the virus from various organs. Virus-specific antigens were detected in various organs of newborn rats. Moreover virus could be isolated from almost all their organs even 25 weeks after infection. In contrast, in rats infected at 6 weeks of age the virus could be isolated from various organs but its concentration decreased progressively with time. The levels of haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) and neutralizing antibodies to B-1 virus in the sera were measured. In adult rats, HI antibodies were first detected 2 weeks after infection and their titre rose to a maximum after 5 weeks. On the other hand, in newborn rats the levels of antibodies remained low until 5 or 6 weeks after infection and started to increase to a high level more than 9 weeks after infection. Furthermore, in rats infected soon after birth IgM antibodies predominated for a long time and these antibodies also neutralized infectivity at a high level. These data suggest that the induction of a high titre of neutralizing antibodies mainly of the IgM type does not result in virus clearance in newborn rats and that cellular immunity may be important for virus clearance in vivo.
Observer model optimization of a spectral mammography system (2010)

Spectral imaging is a method in medical x-ray imaging to extract information about the object constituents by the material-specific energy dependence of x-ray attenuation. Contrast-enhanced spectral imaging has been thoroughly investigated, but unenhanced imaging may be more useful because it comes as a bonus to the conventional non-energy-resolved absorption image at screening; there is no additional radiation dose and no need for contrast medium. We have used a previously developed theoretical framework and system model that include quantum and anatomical noise to characterize the performance of a photon-counting spectral mammography system with two energy bins for unenhanced imaging. The theoretical framework was validated with synthesized images. Optimal combination of the energy-resolved images for detecting large unenhanced tumors corresponded closely, but not exactly, to minimization of the anatomical noise, which is commonly referred to as energy subtraction. In that case, an ideal-observer detectability index could be improved close to 50% compared to absorption imaging. Optimization with respect to the signal-to-quantum-noise ratio, commonly referred to as energy weighting, deteriorated detectability. For small microcalcifications or tumors on uniform backgrounds, however, energy subtraction was suboptimal whereas energy weighting provided a minute improvement. The performance was largely independent of beam quality, detector energy resolution, and bin count fraction. It is clear that inclusion of anatomical noise and imaging task in spectral optimization may yield completely different results than an analysis based solely on quantum noise.
Recent advances in the development of holey optical fibers based on sulfide glasses (2006)

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