gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesoscopic, Non-equilibrium Fluctuations of Inhomogeneous Electronic States in Manganites (2001)

By using the dark-field real-space imaging technique of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have observed slow 200 A-scale fluctuations of charge-ordered (CO) phase in mixed-valent manganites under a strong electron beam irradiation. In addition to these unusual fluctuations of the CO phase, we observed the switching-type fluctuations of electrical resistivity in the same sample, which were found to be as large as several percents. Systematic analysis indicates that these two different types of fluctuations with a similar time scale of the order of seconds are interconnected through a meta-stable insulating charge-disordered state. Current dependence of the fluctuations suggests a non-equilibrium nature of this slow dynamics.
Double isotope tracer method for measuring fractional zinc absorption: theoretical analysis (2002)

Several approaches for estimation of fractional zinc absorption (FZA) by calculating the ratio of oral to intravenous stable isotopic tracer concentrations (at an appropriate time) in urine or plasma after their simultaneous administration have been proposed in the last decade. These simple-to-implement approaches, often referred to as the double isotopic tracer ratio (DITR) method, are more attractive than the classical "deconvolution" method and the more commonly used single-tracer methods based on fecal monitoring and indicator dilution, after oral or intravenous tracer administration, respectively. However, the domain of validity of DITR for measuring FZA has recently been questioned. In this paper, we provide a theoretical justification of the validity of four different "approximate" formulations of the DITR technique by demonstrating mathematically that their accuracy is a consequence of the particular properties of zinc kinetics.
RAS-dependent RAF-MAPK hyperactivation by pathogenic RIT1 is a therapeutic target in Noonan syndrome–associated cardiac hypertrophy (2023)

RIT1 is a RAS guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) that regulates different aspects of signal transduction and is mutated in lung cancer, leukemia, and in the germline of individuals with Noonan syndrome. Pathogenic RIT1 proteins promote mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) hyperactivation; however, this mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that RAF kinases are direct effectors of membrane-bound mutant RIT1 necessary for MAPK activation. We identify critical residues in RIT1 that facilitate interaction with membrane lipids and show that these are necessary for association with RAF kinases and MAPK activation. Although mutant RIT1 binds to RAF kinases directly, it fails to activate MAPK signaling in the absence of classical RAS proteins. Consistent with aberrant RAF/MAPK activation as a driver of disease, we show that pathway inhibition alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of <i>RIT1</i> mutant Noonan syndrome. These data shed light on the function of pathogenic RIT1 and identify avenues for therapeutic intervention.
On the Number and 3D Placement of Drone Base Stations in Wireless\n Cellular Networks (2018)

Using drone base stations (drone-BSs) in wireless networks has started\nattracting attention. Drone-BSs can assist the ground BSs in both capacity and\ncoverage enhancement. One of the important problems about integrating drone-BSs\nto cellular networks is the management of their placement to satisfy the\ndynamic system requirements. In this paper, we propose a method to find the\npositions of drone-BSs in an area with different user densities using a\nheuristic algorithm. The goal is to find the minimum number of drone-BSs and\ntheir 3D placement so that all the users are served. Our simulation results\nshow that the proposed approach can satisfy the quality-of-service requirements\nof the network.\n
Overlapped joints in Textile Reinforced Concrete with UHPC matrix: An experimental investigation (2021)

Abstract When producing a Textile Reinforced Concrete structure or element, joining separate textile layers might be a necessity, driven for example by the limited dimensions of commercially available fabrics. A possible way of producing such joints is by overlapping different textile sheets. Overlapped joints, however, need to be cast with particular attention since they might represents weak elements of the structure, leading to premature failure. An experimental campaign was performed, aimed at identifying the effects of a symmetric vs non-symmetric arrangement of the textile fabrics within the overlapping length and tensile characteristics of the matrix on such type of joints. Fifteen specimens, produced using a fully epoxy impregnated carbon textile fabric and an Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) matrix, were tested under tension in a uniaxial setup and measurements were performed using a Digital Image Correlation system. The in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of each specimen was studied. The results highlight the importance of producing symmetric elements as well as the beneficial effects that the admixture of short dispersed steel fibres to the cementitious matrix provide to such kind of joints
Aryl Hydroxylation of the Herbicide Diclofop by a Wheat Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase (1992)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Etoile de Choisy) microsomes catalyzed the cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of the herbicide diclofop to three hydroxy-diclofop isomers. Hydroxylation was predominant at carbon 4, with migration of chlorine to carbon 5 (67%) and carbon 3 (25%). The 2,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy isomer was identified as a minor reaction product (8%). Substrate-specificity studies showed that the activity was not inhibited or was weakly inhibited by a range of xenobiotic or physiological cytochrome P-450 substrates, with the exception of lauric acid. Wheat microsomes also catalyze the metabolism of the herbicides chlorsulfuron, chlortoluron, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and of the model substrate ethoxycoumarin, as well as the hydroxylation of the endogenous substrates cinnamic and lauric acids. Treatments of wheat seedlings with phenobarbital or the safener naphthalic acid anhydride enhanced the cytochrome P-450 content of the microsomes and all related activities except that of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, which was reduced. The stimulation patterns of diclofop aryl hydroxylase and lauric acid hydroxylase were similar, in contrast with the other activities tested. Lauric acid inhibited competitively (K(i) = 9 mum) the oxidation of diclofop and reciprocally. The similarity of diclofop aryl hydroxylase and lauric acid hydroxylase was further investigated by alternative substrate kinetics, autocatalytic inactivation, and computer-aided molecular modelisation studies, and the results suggest that both reactions are catalyzed by the same cytochrome P-450 isozyme.
Chemokine, as a target to intervene inflammation. (1997)

Glomerular infiltration by neutrophils is a hallmark of acute glomerulonephritis. The pathophysiological role of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a potent neutrophil chemotactic cytokine (chemokine), was explored in an animal model of acute immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis by administering a neutralizing antibody against IL-8. Repeated injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) into rabbits caused the deposition of immune complexes consisting of BSA and rabbit IgG in glomeruli. Histological analyses revealed a small but significant number of neutrophils in glomeruli and the fusion of epithelial cell foot processes. Concomitantly, urinary levels of protein and albumin increased markedly (3.20±0.97 and 1.39±0.53 mg/hr, respectively) compared with those of untreated animals (0.77±0.21 and 0.01±0.01 mg/hr, respectively) . Anti-IL-8 antibody treatment decreased the number of neutrophils in glomeruli by 40% and dramatically prevented the fusion of epithelial cell foot process. Furthermore, treatment with anti-IL-8 antibody completely normalized the urinary levels of protein and albumin (0.89±0.15 and 0.02±0.01 mg/hr, respectively) . These results indicated that IL-8 participated in the impairment of renal functions in experimental acute immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis through activating as well as recruiting neutrophils. Here, we will overview the roles of chemokine in human diseases and discuss our therapeutic approaches to intervene inflammation targeting chemokine.
Using Latency Metrics in NoSQL Database Performance Benchmarking (2019)

This paper presents an experimental study evaluating the performance of NoSQL database management systems. The study compares&nbsp;two NoSQL database management systems (Cassandra and MongoDB)&nbsp;and considers the following parameters/factors: workload and degree of&nbsp;parallelism. Two different workloads (update heavy and mostly read) were&nbsp;used, and different numbers of threads. The measured results are related&nbsp;to average latency: update latency and read latency. Our study shows&nbsp;that with the only exception of 1000 operations, both latency indicators&nbsp;have a quasi-parabolic behavior, where the minimum (i.e. the best performance) depends mainly on the number of threads and slightly varies with&nbsp;the increase in the number of operations. In the case of 1000 operations,&nbsp;there is also a maximum point (i.e. worst performance) case, after which&nbsp;the latency decreases.
Epitaxial growth of the diluted magnetic semiconductors CryGe1−y and CryMnxGe1−x−y (2004)

We report the epitaxial growth of CryGe1−y and CryMnxGe1−x−y(001) thin films on GaAs(001), describe the structural and transport properties, and compare the measured magnetic properties with those predicted by theory. The samples are strongly p type, and hole densities increase with Cr concentration. The CryGe1−y system remains paramagnetic for the growth conditions and low Cr concentrations employed (y⩽0.04), consistent with density functional theory predictions. Addition of Cr into the ferromagnetic semiconductor MnxGe1−x host systematically reduces the Curie temperature and total magnetization.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro by combinations of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and foscarnet (1989)

We describe a synergistic effect of combinations of foscarnet and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 multiplication in cell culture, an additive effect of foscarnet and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine triphosphate against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, and a low toxicity in cell culture of combinations of the two drugs.
THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: BEAM MEASUREMENTS AND THE MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES OF URANUS AND SATURN (2013)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema with C1-inhibitor concentrate. (1980)

Attacks of laryngeal edema in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) have been successfully treated with the infusion of C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) concentrate. No side effects were observed.
Visualization of Vibrating Cantilevered Multilayer Graphene Mechanical Oscillator (2011)

We have investigated the mechanical vibration of a multilayered graphene cantilever using an optomechanical heterodyne technique. The spatial distributions of the deformations for the first and second harmonic oscillation were successfully measured and were consistent with the results of finite element method calculations. Furthermore, we have successfully visualized the map of the vibration amplitude by the defocused laser spot irradiation based on the optomechanical heterodyne technique. This method enables us to visualize the vibrating cantilever at the resonant frequency using the desired frequency that is much slower than the resonant frequency.
Doped Ceria as a Solid Oxide Electrolyte (1975)

Ceria doped with divalent or trivalent cations is a mixed conductor; conduction occurs predominantly by the motion of oxygen vacancies or by electrons, depending on the departure from stoichiometry. In order to establish the electrolytic domain at which behaves primarily as an ionic conductor with transference number , a careful study was made of the conductivity, σ, as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure, covering the range of 100;–10−22 atm in small steps. From these data the electrolytic domain was determined; it extends to about 10−13 atm at 600°C. When compared to calcia‐stabilized zirconia (CSZ), doped ceria shows a higher conductivity, lower activation energy (0.76 eV) for anion vacancy migration, and absence of polarization effects to lower temperatures. These results indicate that doped ceria may be an attractive candidate for fuel cells and other applications at temperatures below those at which CSZ is useful.
Chirality Induction in Cyclocopolymerization. 9. Characterization of Chirality Induction during the Cyclocopolymerizations of (2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>)-2,3-Butanediyl, (2<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>)-2,4-Pentanediyl, and (2<i>S</i>,5<i>S</i>)-2,5-Hexanediyl Bis(4-vinylbenzoate)s with Styrene (1998)

Optically active poly(methyl 4-vinylbenzoate-co-styrene)s (3a−c) were synthesized through the cyclocopolymerizations of (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediyl, (2S,4S)-2,4-pentanediyl, and (2S,5S)-2,5-hexanediyl bis(4-vinylbenzoate)s (1a, 1b, and 1c, respectively) with styrene. The extent of chirality induction increased in the order of 1a ≅ 1c < 1b, and the cyclized units predominately possessed an (R,R)-configuration. The MM2 calculation derived the conformer distributions, in which monomers 1a and 1b predominately had a counterclockwise gauche form (“g-”) and a combination of trans form and clockwise gauche form (“tg+”), respectively. Monomer 1c had a wide distribution into “tg+g+”, “g+tg+”, and “ttt” forms because of flexibility. The semiemprical molecular orbital calculations were performed for the model reaction of the radical cyclization. The calculated population difference between (R,R)- and (S,S)-configurations indicated that the template in 1b was more effective for the chirality induction than that in 1a, similar to the experimental results.
Beta-oxidized N-nitrosoalkylcarbamates as models for DNA alkylation by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine in Syrian hamsters. (1987)

A single dose of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (NDOPA) can selectively induce pancreatic-duct adenocarcinomas in Syrian hamsters. Multiple doses or a higher single dose can induce tumours of the liver and other organs. Our earlier studies employing NDOPA systematically labelled with 14C in the three-carbon chain showed that hamster pancreatic DNA is almost exclusively methylated and that the sole source of the methyl group is the alpha carbon of NDOPA. Hamster liver DNA was equally methylated and alkylated by a three-carbon chain. Current studies using generally labelled tritiated NDOPA with a very high specific activity have shown that the three-carbon alkylation is 2-hydroxypropylation. We have identified two adducts isolated from hamster liver DNA, N7-(2-hydroxypropyl)-guanine and O6-(2-hydroxypropyl)guanine, which contain this group, and we have also isolated and identified N7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine in DNA from hamster liver and pancreas. beta-Oxidized N-nitrosocarbamates, ethyl N-nitroso-2-oxopropylcarbamate (NOPC) and ethyl N-nitroso-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate (NHPC), are useful models for predicting the DNA adducts observed in vivo following NDOPA treatment. Base-catalysed decomposition of NOPC in the presence of exogenous DNA yields five methylated purines (N3-, N7- and O6-methylguanines and N1- and N3-methyladenines). NHPC, a model for N-nitrosamines containing the 2-hydroxypropyl group, reacts with guanosine to yield N7- and O6-(2-hydroxypropyl)guanines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of 26-Oxygenosterols from <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> and Their Activity as Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors (2005)

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus belonging to the Polyporaceae family which has long been known in Japan as Reishi and has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. We report the isolation and identification of the 26-oxygenosterols ganoderol A, ganoderol B, ganoderal A, and ganoderic acid Y and their biological effects on cholesterol synthesis in a human hepatic cell line in vitro. We also investigated the site of inhibition in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We found that these oxygenated sterols from G. lucidum inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis via conversion of acetate or mevalonate as a precursor of cholesterol. By incorporation of 24,25-dihydro-[24,25-3H2]lanosterol and [3-3H]lathosterol in the presence of ganoderol A, we determined that the point of inhibition of cholesterol synthesis is between lanosterol and lathosterol. These results demonstrate that the lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase, which converts 24,25-dihydrolanosterol to cholesterol, can be inhibited by the 26-oxygenosterols from G. lucidum. These 26-oxygenosterols could lead to novel therapeutic agents that lower blood cholesterol.
Compact Modeling of the Punch-Through Effect in SiC-IGBT for 6.6kV Switching Operation with Improved Performance (2013)

We developed a compact model of SiC-IGBT for circuit simulation of power conversion systems under 6.6kV / 100A/cm 2 bias operation at a few hundred Hz switching frequency. The model includes punch-through effects occurring at the base/buffer surface of the base region. The model allows accurate prediction of switching waveforms and energy loss improvement caused by the punch-through effect (PT-effect).
Micro-Raman spectroscopy for the detection of stacking fault density in InAs and GaAs nanowires (2017)

We investigate the relation between crystal stacking faults in individual wurtzite InAs and GaAs nanowires and the intensity of the forbidden longitudinal optical (LO) phonon mode in the Raman spectra. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are combined on the same individual nanowires to evaluate the LO mode intensity as a function of the stacking fault density. A clear increase in the LO mode intensity was observed when the stacking fault density was increased. Our results confirm the utility of Raman spectroscopy as a powerful tool for detecting crystal defects in nanowires.
Bau replies (1992)

Received 17 August 1992DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3129©1992 American Physical Society
CONSISTENCY FOR A SIMPLE MODEL OF RANDOM FORESTS (2004)

Random Forests is a classification algorithm with a simple structure--a forest of trees are grown as follows: 1) The training set is a bootstrap sample from the original training set.
Lipoprotein metabolism by macrophages from atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau and resistant Show Racer pigeons. (1988)

The presence of specific receptors for the metabolism of acetylated low density lipoprotein (AcLDL) and beta-migrating very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) was demonstrated in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from both atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau (WC) and resistant Show Racer (SR) pigeons. Macrophages from both breeds metabolized AcLDL through a single class of receptors that were similar, but not identical, to the scavenger receptors described in mammalian macrophages. Both pigeon and mammalian AcLDL bound to this receptor. At 37 degrees C, AcLDL was internalized and degraded in the lysosomes, and cholesterol esterification and cholesteryl ester accumulation were stimulated. As in mammalian macrophages, AcLDL receptor activity was not down-regulated by cholesterol loading. In contrast, AcLDL binding was poorly competed for by fucoidin or polyinosinic acid, and the magnitude of cholesteryl ester accumulation was only about one-half of that seen with mouse peritoneal macrophages. Pigeon beta-VLDL bound to both a high and a low affinity site on pigeon macrophages. Binding to the high affinity site was calcium-dependent, pronase-sensitive, and down-regulated by cholesterol loading. Cholesterol esterification and cholesteryl ester accumulation with beta-VLDL were stimulated to an equal or greater extent than with AcLDL. Unlike mammalian macrophages, the pigeon beta-VLDL receptor did not require apolipoprotein E, as evidenced by the lack of apoE in pigeon lipoproteins and by the failure of rabbit beta-VLDL, containing apoE, to compete for binding. Pigeon LDL, but not mammalian LDL, was recognized by the pigeon beta-VLDL receptor, suggesting that like the mammalian beta-VLDL receptor, the pigeon beta-VLDL receptor may be a form of an LDL receptor. This was an unexpected finding since pigeon fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in culture do not express LDL receptors. Thus, pigeon macrophages have receptors for the uptake of abnormal lipoproteins that could play a role in the development of macrophage-derived foam cells that are prevalent in the early stages of atherosclerosis in this species. No quantitative or qualitative differences in these receptors, however, were identified that could account for the differences in atherosclerosis susceptibility between the WC and SR breeds.
Ion bombardment energy distributions in radio-frequency glow-discharge systems (1986)

The measurement and interpretation of ion bombardment energies in rf discharges of SF6, CF3Cl, and CF3Br from 0.2 to 1.0 Torr, are discussed. Errors in ion sampling due to disturbances of the electric field and neutral density around the sampling orifice are shown to be most important at higher pressures and with larger orifices. The dependence of the ion bombardment energy distribution on the electric-field-to-pressure ratio is reviewed. Combining this relation with a simple electrical model of a plasma gives estimates of the ion bombardment energies in collisional sheaths. The bombardment energy is proportional to (rf current)/(electrode area×frequency ×pressure) with the proportionality constant for a particular system depending on the collision cross sections and relative ion-to-netural mass ratio. The constants found for the three gases studied experimentally are close to theoretical estimates.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mimic Syndromes (2000)

The application of the El Escorial diagnostic criteria may facilitate early recognition of non-ALS cases. Misdiagnosis of ALS remains a common clinical problem despite the increased availability of investigations and a greater awareness among neurologists of potential diagnostic pitfalls.
Extraction of a single Stokes line from a Brillouin fibre laser using a silicon oxynitride microring filter (2013)

Extraction of a single channel Brillouin Stokes line generated by pumping a length of single mode fibre is demonstrated using a silicon oxynitride microring resonator. The high Q-factor microring resonator has a steep slope transmission profile with an extinction ratio of 20 dB and a free spectral range of 0.4 nm. Experimental results show that extraction of a single Brillouin Stokes line can be achieved with a side mode suppression ratio of more than 12 dB. Additionally, Brillouin Stokes line selection can be achieved by controlling the microring resonance wavelength by thermal tuning.
Shaped Beam Synthesis with Peripherally Excited Phased Arrays (2023)

The Peripherally Excited phased array has been studied as a useful device for scanning a beam through two dimensions, with a simple structure and reduced number of phase shifters. The antenna uses peripheral sources to excite waves in a leaky cavity, which radiate directive scanning beams. This work investigates how using input amplitude control as a degree of freedom allows for the synthesis of shaped beams. Through a simple model of fields in the cavity, a linear system of equations can be constructed and solved for a desired aperture excitation. Examples of binomial and Chebyshev beams, scanned and at broadside show good agreement between theory and simulation.