gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S100P tumor-marker response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. (2015)

265 Background: The serum tumor-marker in monitoring response to chemotherapy is not valid in advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P) has been reported as a predictive diagnostic index for PC and may serve as an early marker to activity of chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the efficacies of chemotherapy and the kinetics of tumor-markers including serum S100P, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in prospective cohort of advanced PC. Methods: Patients who were treatment naïve for advanced PC with liver mets were eligible. Serum levels of S100P, CEA, and CA19-9 were measured at baseline and at one month later. The patients without monitoring of tumor-markers were excluded. A response of tumor-marker was defined as a decrease of at least 25%. Clinical data including radiological response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors ver. 1.1 were prospectively collected. S100P, CEA, and CA19-9 responses were tested in association with progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Fifty patients were analyzed in this study (male: 64%, median age: 67 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [PS] 0: 60%). All of 50 patients received chemotherapy (gemcitabine [GEM]: 13 pts, GEM doublets: 34 pts, 5FU-based regimen: 3 pts). PFS and OS were 2.8 and 6.1 months. Responses of S100P, CEA, and CA19-9 were founded in 50%, 16%, and 32% of all, respectively. Multivariate analysis for PFS in Cox regression hazard model was performed using age, gender, PS, CEA, CA19-9, and S100P, and revealed that the independent predictors to longer PFS were responses of S100P (HR to progression: 0.47, P=0.02) and CEA (HR: 0.29, P=0.01). S100P or CEA responders showed better OS in univariate analysis using log-rank test, compared to non-responders of S100P (responder vs. non-responder: 8.4 vs. 3.7 months, P=0.04) or CEA (12.0 vs. 5.9 months, P=0.02), but not in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Biochemical response of S100P might be useful for monitoring response to chemotherapy in advanced PC, which warranted further study in relationship between serum S100P response and treatment efficacies.
Stereotactic Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Brain Masses: Comparison of Results of Biopsy and Resected Surgical Specimen (1989)

We report the pathological accuracy of image-directed stereotactic brain biopsy in 30 patients who had mass lesions of the brain and subsequently underwent resection of the mass. The histological diagnosis at stereotactic biopsy was appropriate for direction of clinical management in 28 of 30 patients. Correlation between the stereotactic and resection diagnoses was exact in 19 of 30 cases. These included 11 of 12 nonastrocytic neoplasms and 8 of 13 astrocytic neoplasms. Correlation was imperfect in 9 of 30 cases, but not to the extent of having significant clinical impact. These included 2 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma that were upgraded to glioblastoma multiforme, 2 cases of astrocytoma that had a significant oligodendroglial component, and 5 non-neoplastic lesions that were reported on biopsy as showing nonspecific reactive changes. In 2 of 30 patients, the stereotactic biopsy was not accurate. This included one patient who had glioblastoma multiforme whose stereotactic biopsy showed only necrotic tissue. Serious diagnostic error that resulted in clinical mismanagement occurred in one patient who had a pineal germinoma that had large areas of granulomatous inflammation at which the stereotactic biopsy was directed. This study provides evidence that, with careful target placement, stereotactic biopsy can provide biopsy material that represents the entire lesion with an accuracy that is sufficient for clinical management.
Gelation rate of silica nanoparticles at different supersaturation with and without ammonium fluoride additive (2010)

Silica nanoparticles have been synthesised using sol gel technique. The effect of ammonium fluoride NH4F addition on the gelation rate of silica was studied under supersaturation ranging from 8.72 to 13.34. The results showed that the gelation times were decreased by increasing the supersaturation and by addition of NH4F. Surface energy between the formed gel and the solution was calculated as 17.28 and 16.11 mJ/m² with and without NH4F addition. The gelation rate was increased and the Gibbs free energy change for the formation of critical nucleus was decreased by increasing the supersaturation and by addition of NH4F. The critical radius of the nucleus was decreased from 6.42 and 5.60 Å without and with addition of ammonium fluoride to 5.70 and 4.85 Å when the supersaturation was increased from 8.72 to 13.34. This approach can be used to discuss the effect of any additives on enhancing or inhibition the gelation rate.
Substrate Noise Reduction in Mixed-Signal ICs : BWRC seminar Sept. 25, 2009 (2009)

Technological advancements allow more and more functionality to be put on a single silicon chip. We do now have advanced computers on-chip complete with many means of communication over radio and cable, connecting equipment and people. The system integration yields many favorable properties like low cost, size and energy consumption. However, there is an increasing challenge to design the electronics systems due to high complexity and an aggravated environment for the analog circuits in terms of substrate noise and operating voltage. We will address the noise issue, which generally shows up as a side effect of the digital computations. Methods for reducing the noise are discussed, including a new frequency domain approach.
Radiolabeled Bicyclic Somatostatin-Based Analogs: A Novel Class of Potential Radiotracers for SPECT/PET of Neuroendocrine Tumors (2010)

The high rigidity of these new bicyclic somatostatin-based radiopeptides led to agonistic ligands with good affinity for all 5 ssts. The pharmacokinetic data of (177)Lu/(68)Ga-AM3 make this peptide an excellent candidate as an imaging--and especially as a PET--radiotracer.
To Schedule or not to Schedule: Extracting Task Specific Temporal\n Entities and Associated Negation Constraints (2020)

State of the art research for date-time entity extraction from text is task\nagnostic. Consequently, while the methods proposed in literature perform well\nfor generic date-time extraction from texts, they don't fare as well on task\nspecific date-time entity extraction where only a subset of the date-time\nentities present in the text are pertinent to solving the task. Furthermore,\nsome tasks require identifying negation constraints associated with the\ndate-time entities to correctly reason over time. We showcase a novel model for\nextracting task-specific date-time entities along with their negation\nconstraints. We show the efficacy of our method on the task of date-time\nunderstanding in the context of scheduling meetings for an email-based digital\nAI scheduling assistant. Our method achieves an absolute gain of 19\\% f-score\npoints compared to baseline methods in detecting the date-time entities\nrelevant to scheduling meetings and a 4\\% improvement over baseline methods for\ndetecting negation constraints over date-time entities.\n
Metrics for Assessing Design Freedom and Information Certainty in the Early Stages of Design (1998)

Our primary focus in this paper is on open engineering systems. Developing ranged sets (as opposed to point sets) of top-level design specifications is a means to enhance openness and system flexibility by increasing design knowledge while maintaining design freedom. Consequently, our secondary focus in this paper is on metrics for assessing the design freedom and information certainty associated with a ranged set of top-level design specifications. As a demonstration, these metrics are applied to an example problem, namely, the conceptual design of a family of aircraft. Our emphasis in this paper is on introducing open engineering systems and metrics for design freedom and information certainty, and not on the example, per se.
Repeatability of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers in the Tibia Bone Marrow of a Murine Myelofibrosis Model (2023)

Quantitative MRI biomarkers are sought to replace painful and invasive sequential bone-marrow biopsies routinely used for myelofibrosis (MF) cancer monitoring and treatment assessment. Repeatability of MRI-based quantitative imaging biomarker (QIB) measurements was investigated for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in a JAK2 V617F hematopoietic transplant model of MF. Repeatability coefficients (RCs) were determined for three defined tibia bone-marrow sections (2-9 mm; 10-12 mm; and 12.5-13.5 mm from the knee joint) across 15 diseased mice from 20-37 test-retest pairs. Scans were performed on consecutive days every two weeks for a period of 10 weeks starting 3-4 weeks after transplant. The mean RC with (95% confidence interval (CI)) for these sections, respectively, were for ADC: 0.037 (0.031, 0.050), 0.087 (0.069, 0.116), and 0.030 (0.022, 0.044) μm<sup>2</sup>/ms; for PDFF: 1.6 (1.3, 2.0), 15.5 (12.5, 20.2), and 25.5 (12.0, 33.0)%; and for MTR: 0.16 (0.14, 0.19), 0.11 (0.09, 0.15), and 0.09 (0.08, 0.15). Change-trend analysis of these QIBs identified a dynamic section within the mid-tibial bone marrow in which confident changes (exceeding RC) could be observed after a four-week interval between scans across all measured MRI-based QIBs. Our results demonstrate the capability to derive quantitative imaging metrics from mouse tibia bone marrow for monitoring significant longitudinal MF changes.
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐<i>block</i>‐PM6 Polymer Donors for High‐Performance and Mechanically Robust Polymer Solar Cells (2023)

High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stretchability are the dual requirements for the wearable application of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, most efficient photoactive films are mechanically brittle. In this work, highly efficient (PCE = 18%) and mechanically robust (crack-onset strain (COS) = 18%) PSCs are acheived by designing block copolymer (BCP) donors, PM6-b-PDMSx (x = 5k, 12k, and 19k). In these BCP donors, stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) blocks are covalently linked with the PM6 blocks to effectively increase the stretchability. The stretchability of the BCP donors increases with a longer PDMS block, and PM6-b-PDMS<sub>19k</sub> :L8-BO PSC exhibits a high PCE (18%) and 9-times higher COS value (18%) compared to that (COS = 2%) of the PM6:L8-BO-based PSC. However, the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS<sub>12k</sub> ternary blend shows inferior PCE (5%) and COS (1%) due to the macrophase separation between PDMS and active components. In the intrinsically stretchable PSC, the PM6-b-PDMS<sub>19k</sub> :L8-BO blend exhibits significantly greater mechanical stability PCE<sub>80%</sub> ((80% of the initial PCE) at 36% strain) than those of the PM6:L8-BO blend (PCE<sub>80%</sub> at 12% strain) and the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS ternary blend (PCE<sub>80%</sub> at 4% strain). This study suggests an effective design strategy of BCP P<sub>D</sub> to achieve stretchable and efficient PSCs.
X-control: A quasi-distributed fault restoration mechanism using logically centralized controllers (2013)

Logically centralized network control design enables the separation of data-plane and control-plane in communication networks. Until today, there has not been a formal model to effectively investigate the resilience of such design. Therefore, here we model the problem of placing controllers in SDNs, given any network topology, so as to maximize the resilience of such networks. We begin with formal model definitions to optimize the most optimal controller placement locations. Based on the model, new ILP formulations have been defined. Subsequently, a simple but efficient greedy based heuristics has been proposed to solve the ILP. Performances are quantitatively evaluated and our results show significant reliability improvements in a given topology within the bounds of convergence delay.
Search Graph Formation for Minimizing the Complexity of Planning (2000)

A large number of path planning problems are solved by the use of graph based search algorithms. There are a variety of techniques available to optimize the search within these graphs as well as thorough studies of the complexity involved in searching through them. However, little effort has been dedicated to constructing the graphs so that the results of searching will be optimized. The commonly used approach for the evaluation of complexity assumes that the complexity of a path planner can be evaluated by the number of nodes in the graph. However, in many path planning problems (especially in complex, dynamic environments) the evaluation of the cost of traversing edges is the major culprit of computational complexity. In this paper we will assume that the complexity associated with the computation of cost of traversing an edge is significantly larger than the overhead of searching through the graph. This assumption creates non-trivial complexity results that allows to optimize the creation of the graph based on the computational power available. We will present a numerical evaluation of several graph creation algorithms including the commonly used four and eight connected grid. Different scenarios for which ground truth is available are explored. Comparison among the graph creation algorithms reveals serious downfalls that are common practice throughout the literature. 1
Activation and control of pathogenic T cells in OSP/claudin-11-induced EAE in SJL/J mice are dominated by their focused recognition of a single epitopic residue (OSP58M) (2008)

Oligodendrocyte-specific protein (OSP)/claudin-11 has been recently implicated in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Yet, the pathogenic autoimmunity against OSP has been poorly investigated. We previously showed that OSP-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and optic neuritis in SJL/J mice are primarily associated with CD4+ T cells reactive against OSP55-80. Dissecting the fine epitope specificity to the level of epitopic residues recognized by OSP-specific encephalitogenic T cells revealed their focused recognition of OSP58M. Accordingly, OSP58M predicted by computer modeling to be a major TCR contact residue shared by the three nonameric core epitopes within OSP55-80, albeit at different MHC-II pockets, was experimentally determined as the primary TCR contact residue crucial for activation and control of encephalitogenic T cells reactive against OSP55-80 or against recombinant OSP. Ala substitution of OSP58M impaired the functional TCR recognition/activation of pathogenic OSP-reactive T cells. Accordingly, the non-stimulatory/non-encephalitogenic pOSP55-58A-66 analogue not only treated EAE induced by pOSP55-80 but also effectively reversed EAE induced by whole OSP. Thus, the selection/activation and control of OSP-pathogenic T cells in H-2(s) mice appeared to be dominated by their predetermined focused recognition of OSP58M. Such a focused recognition by OSP-pathogenic T cells, despite their extensive TCR heterogeneity (Kaushansky, N., Zhong, M. C., Kerlero de Rosbo, N., Hoeftberger, R., Lassmann, H. and Ben-Nun, A. 2006. Epitope specificity of autoreactive T and B cells associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and optic neuritis induced by oligodendrocyte-specific protein in SJL/J mice. J. Immunol. 177:7364), may impact profoundly on peripheral self-tolerance to OSP and on altered peptide ligand-mediated immune-specific modulation of the recently described OSP-related autoimmune pathogenesis.
A Physics-Based Three-Way Catalytic Converter Model for Real-Time Prediction of Temperature Distribution (2018)

Thermal management of aftertreatment devices is a critical requirement to comply with the stringent emission standards. A recent challenge in aftertreatment control and diagnostics is the need to monitor the temperature distribution along the entire length of the catalyst, rather than relying on a single-point measurement. To this extent, this work focuses on the preliminary development of a control-oriented, physics-based Three-way Catalytic Converter (TWC) model for the purpose of real-time thermal monitoring. Starting from the governing equations for the TWC thermal model in Partial Differential Equation (PDE) form, a model order reduction technique that combines Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Collocation is proposed. The reduced order model executes much faster than using standard numerical methods, and meanwhile provides comparable accuracy. The model is also validated against GT-Power in the ability to predict the temperature distribution during cold-start conditions.
Supplemental Figures 1-4 from PD-L1 Antibodies to Its Cytoplasmic Domain Most Clearly Delineate Cell Membranes in Immunohistochemical Staining of Tumor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. Western blotting of PD-L1 mAbs. Supplemental Figure 2. Western blotting of PD-L1 mAbs specific for the cytoplasmic domain. Supplemental Figure 3. 300.19 and stably transfected 300.19 expressing human PD-L1 were stained with 9A11 mAb. Supplemental Figure 4. Isotype control staining. Staining of the same nasopharyngeal carcinoma used in Figure 4 with isotype control antibody at the same concentration as its respective mouse or rabbit PD-L1 mAb.&lt;/p&gt;
MURINE MODEL FOR N‐ACETYLGLUTAMATE SYNTHASE (NAGS) DEFICIENCY (2011)

Ammonia is channeled into the urea cycle by means of carbamylphosphate synthetase (CPS1). This initial step of urea synthesis takes place in the mitochondria of the liver cell and requires N‐acetylglutamate (NAG). NAG is an essential cofactor and activator of CPS1 which is formed from AcCoA and glutamate by the enzyme N‐acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS). The lack of NAGS enzyme or its activity leads to severe neonatal hyperammonemia due to the inability of CPS1 to synthesize CP in the absence of NAG. NAGS deficiency is one of the more rare urea cycle disorders. In patients with NAGS deficiency, treatment with N‐carbamylglutamate (NCG) fully restores ureagenesis by activating CPS1. We have recently created a novel mouse model of NAGS deficiency using the VelociGene gene ablation method via the NIH‐funded KOMP resource. Following heterozygous mating, we have attempted to rescue homozygous NAGS deficient mice by providing NCG to the pregnant females in drinking water during pregnancy extending the life of homozygous pups for a period of 60 to 120 hours after birth, while untreated mice died within 24 hours after birth. We have subsequently been able to extend the lifespan of a homozygous NAGSko female for 12 days while a homozygous NAGSko male has survived pass weaning age using a combination of NCG and citrulline. This model recapitulates clinical observations in human and seems to be suitable model of the human disorder.
Loss of nucleus accumbens low-frequency fluctuations is a signature of chronic pain (2020)

Chronic pain is a highly prevalent disease with poorly understood pathophysiology. In particular, the brain mechanisms mediating the transition from acute to chronic pain remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a subcortical signature of back pain. Specifically, subacute back pain patients who are at risk for developing chronic pain exhibit a smaller nucleus accumbens volume, which persists in the chronic phase, compared to healthy controls. The smaller accumbens volume was also observed in a separate cohort of chronic low-back pain patients and was associated with dynamic changes in functional connectivity. At baseline, subacute back pain patients showed altered local nucleus accumbens connectivity between putative shell and core, irrespective of the risk of transition to chronic pain. At follow-up, connectivity changes were observed between nucleus accumbens and rostral anterior cingulate cortex in the patients with persistent pain. Analysis of the power spectral density of nucleus accumbens resting-state activity in the subacute and chronic back pain patients revealed loss of power in the slow-5 frequency band (0.01 to 0.027 Hz) which developed only in the chronic phase of pain. This loss of power was reproducible across two cohorts of chronic low-back pain patients obtained from different sites and accurately classified chronic low-back pain patients in two additional independent datasets. Our results provide evidence that lower nucleus accumbens volume confers risk for developing chronic pain and altered nucleus accumbens activity is a signature of the state of chronic pain.
Rig and Engine Testing of Melt Infiltrated Ceramic Composites for Combustor and Shroud Applications (2000)

GE has developed SiC fiber reinforced SiC-Si matrix composites produced by silicon melt infiltration (MI) for use in gas turbine engine applications. High temperature, high pressure combustion rig testing and engine testing has been performed on combustor liners and turbine shrouds made from such MI composites. Frame 5 sized combustor liners were rig tested under LHE diffusion flame conditions for 150 hours, including 20 thermal trip cycles, with no observed damage to the ceramic liners. Similarly, 46 cm diameter, single piece turbine shroud rings were fabricated and tested in a PGT-2 gas turbine engine. The fabrication and testing of both components are described.
Research of the Ancient Sea Rock-The Natural Mineral Enzyme Function Water (2013)

In this paper, the micro-nanopowder of ancient Sea rock was used as core material to filter tap water. With this method, the healthy-drinking water has been prepared successfully with the property of weak alkaline, small molecule clusters, rich of trace elements contributing to health. Its properties were characterized by high-resolution superconducting NMR spectrometer, inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer, far infrared radiation rate tester, pH acidity meter and redox potential instrument. The results showed that the pH value of this water was 7.2~7.8, and the region of ORP was 124mV; FWHM of 17 O-NMR spectrum was 56.39Hz, It is a kind of water with small molecules; It also contains a variety of macro and micro elements which human needed; The filtered water is beneficial to human health and longevity with a good immune function. Keywords: Ancient Sea rock, Function water, Health, Longevity;
Comparison of an Oropharyngeal pH Probe and a Standard Dual pH Probe for Diagnosis of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (2009)

The OP probe reliably documented LPR events when meals and sleep were eliminated and was better tolerated than the standard dual probe.
Interaction Profiles for an Artificial Conversational Companion (2015)

Using Artificial Companions for tasks requiring long-term interaction like language learning or coaching can be approached by creating local computational models for particular interaction structures, and models reflecting changes in interaction over time. An Artificial Conversational Companion (ACC) that helps to practice conversation in a foreign language is expected to play the role of a language expert in conversation. We apply methods of Conversation Analysis to obtain data- driven models of interaction profiles for language experts and language novices from a corpus of instant messaging based dialogues between native speakers of German and advanced learners of German as a foreign language. We show different ways how the artificial agent can simulate ”doing being expert” in conversation and promote learning.