gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steel Arising: Opportunities for the UK in a transforming global steel industry (2019)

The global steel industry is transforming from using iron ore to recycling scrap. Global arisings of steel scrap are likely to treble in the next thirty years and we will never need more blast furnaces than we have today. The extent and speed of this global transformation depends on two competing forces: on the one hand, today’s recycling technology cannot currently produce the highest qualities of high-volume steel econonically; on the other, recycling has the critical advantage that it reduces the greenhouse gas emissions released in producing steel to around a third of those from primary production. As the steel industry turns from ore to scrap and action on climate change accelerates, what opportunities does this create for steel in the UK?
Effect of different surface treatments on the hydrothermal degradation of a 3Y-TZP ceramic for dental implants (2014)

Implant surface modifications are intended to enhance bone integration. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different surface treatments on the resistance to hydrothermal degradation, hardness and elastic modulus of a 3Y-TZP ceramic used for dental implants
Holistic insights from pollen omics<i>:</i> co-opting stress-responsive genes and ER-mediated proteostasis for male fertility (2021)

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants takes place without an aqueous environment. Sperm are carried by pollen through air to reach the female gametophyte, though the molecular basis underlying the protective strategy of the male gametophyte is poorly understood. Here we compared the published transcriptomes of Arabidopsis thaliana pollen, and of heat-responsive genes, and uncovered insights into how mature pollen (MP) tolerates desiccation, while developing and germinating pollen are vulnerable to heat stress. Germinating pollen expresses molecular chaperones or "heat shock proteins" in the absence of heat stress. Furthermore, pollen tubes that grew through pistils at basal temperature showed induction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, which is a characteristic of stressed vegetative tissues. Recent studies show MP contains mRNA-protein (mRNP) aggregates that resemble "stress" granules triggered by heat or other stresses to protect cells. Based on these observations, we postulate that mRNP particles are formed in maturing pollen in response to developmentally programmed dehydration. Dry pollen can withstand harsh conditions as it is dispersed in air. We propose that, when pollen lands on a compatible pistil and hydrates, mRNAs stored in particles are released, aided by molecular chaperones, to become translationally active. Pollen responds to osmotic, mechanical, oxidative, and peptide cues that promote ER-mediated proteostasis and membrane trafficking for tube growth and sperm discharge. Unlike vegetative tissues, pollen depends on stress-protection strategies for its normal development and function. Thus, heat stress during reproduction likely triggers changes that interfere with the normal pollen responses, thereby compromising male fertility. This holistic perspective provides a framework to understand the basis of heat-tolerant strains in the reproduction of crops.
Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality and Left Ventricular Functional Recovery in Korean Patients with Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy Registry Data (2011)

Hyun Su Jo, Gue Ru Hong, Chang Woo Sohn, Jang Won Sohn, Joon Chul Yoon, Sang Hee Lee, Jong Sun Park, Dong Gu Shin, Young Jo Kim, Hyung Seop Kim, Kee Sik Kim, So Yeon Kim, Yong Hyun Park, Kyoung Im Cho, Jang Young Kim, and Kyung Soon Hong Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu; Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu; Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju; Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan; Maryknoll Medical Center, Busan; Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju; Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
Characteristics and outcomes of young patients with laryngeal cancer: National <scp>hospital‐based</scp> retrospective cohort analysis (2022)

The interdependent associations between age, sex, tumor HPV status, and income on laryngeal cancer outcomes warrant further investigation.
Chasing a Comet with a Solar Sail (2008)

Solar sail propulsion systems enable a wide range of missions that require constant thrust or high delta-V over long mission times. One particularly challenging mission type is a comet rendezvous mission. This paper presents optimal low-thrust trajectory designs for a range of sailcraft performance metrics and mission transit times that enables a comet rendezvous mission. These optimal trajectory results provide a trade space which can be parameterized in terms of mission duration and sailcraft performance parameters such that a design space for a small satellite comet chaser mission is identified. These results show that a feasible space exists for a small satellite to perform a comet chaser mission in a reasonable mission time.
What is the cost of delay insensitivity? (2003)

Deep submicron technology calls for new design techniques, in which wire and gate delays are accounted to have equal or nearly equal effect on circuit behaviour. Asynchronous speed-independent (SI) circuits, whose behaviour is only robust to gate delay variations, may be too optimistic. On the other hand, building circuits totally delay-insensitive (DI), for both gates and wires, is impractical. The paper presents an approach for automated synthesis of globally DI and locally SI circuits. It is based on order relaxation, a simple graphical transformation of a circuit's behavioural specification, for which the Signal Transition Graph, an interpreted Petri net, is used. The method is successfully tested on a set of benchmarks and a realistic design example. It proves effective showing average cost of DI interfacing at about 40% for area and 20% for speed.
Microdischarges and Rare Earth-Doped Waveguide Devices: Visible and Ultraviolet Sources for Lasers and Sensors (2001)

Abstract : Over the past three years, we have pursued a number of microdischarge fabrication techniques and device designs and the results have been gratifying. Today, we can say that devices now operate reliably at voltages less than 100 V and pressures above one atmosphere. Furthermore, the discovery of the pn junction-excited microdischarge offers a viable approach to integrating microdischarges with electronic components and passive and active electro-optical components. In short, we are becoming more convinced that this technology provides an attractive pathway for integrating optical sources onto a Si electronic chip.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Phase I Clinical Trial of Mixed Bacterial Vaccine (Coley's Toxins) in Patients with NY-ESO-1 Expressing Cancers: Immunological Effects and Clinical Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 39K, Reactivation of cytokine response by further MBV administration after a MBV treatment-free period.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthetic peptides and four-helix bundle proteins as model systems for the pore-forming structure of channel proteins. II. Transmembrane segment M2 of the brain glycine receptor is a plausible candidate for the pore-lining structure (1993)

A synthetic 23-mer peptide (M2GlyR) with the amino acid sequence of the putative transmembrane segment M2 of the strychnine-binding alpha subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor forms anion-selective channels in phospholipid bilayers. The most frequent events show single-channel conductances, gamma, of 25 pS and 49 pS in symmetric 0.5 M KCl with channel open lifetimes, tau o, in the millisecond time range. These properties match those of authentic glycine receptors studied in inside-out patches of cultured rat spinal cord neurons, namely gamma = 27 pS and gamma = 45 pS, and tau o in the millisecond time range. The channel activity of M2GlyR is sequence-specific: 1) a synthetic peptide with the sequence of putative transmembrane segment M1 (M1GlyR), not considered to contribute to the channel lining, does not form channels; 2) an analog of M2GlyR with site-specific substitutions displays distinct channel properties: 2 arginine residues at the N and C termini of M2, postulated to contribute to the anion selectivity of the channel, are substituted by glutamic acids, and the analog peptide ([Glu3,22]M2GlyR) forms cation-selective channels. Further, a four-helix bundle protein (T4M2GlyR) formed by tethering four identical M2GlyR modules to a carrier template forms homogeneous anion-selective channels with gamma = 25 pS in 0.5 M KCl. These channels are blocked by picrotoxin and by the anion channel blockers 9-anthracene carboxylic acid and niflumic acid, but not by an analog of the local anesthetic lidocaine (QX-222), a cation channel blocker. Observed single-channel properties suggest that a pentameric assembly of alpha and beta subunits with a central pore lined by M2 segments would account for conductance properties of the authentic glycine receptor and the 2 arginines at either end of M2 could confer anion specificity to the receptor channel.
Near-Resonant Effects on Propagation of Frequency-Swept Laser Pulse in Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (1994)

The propagation characteristics of frequency-swept laser pulse in near-resonant medium were studied by the numerical calculation and the experiment. The characteristics of the frequency-swept laser pulse has been largely modified in comparison with the frequency-fixed laser pulse. These modifications were demonstrated also experimentally for Sm vapor. The results agreed well with the numerically calculated.
Front Cover: Tug‐of‐War in a Dynamic Helical Peptide: Solvent‐Induced Helix‐Helix Transition of a Lactam‐Bridged Peptide Composed of Point‐ and Axial Chiralities Remote from Each Other (Chem. Asian J. 21/2018) (2018)

The axial chirality of an N-terminal 2,2’-bipyridine N,N’-dioxide bonded to a lactam-bridged dynamic helical peptide competes against the C-terminal l-Val point chirality for inducing a preferred-handed helicity in the peptide in the opposite-handed twisting direction like in a tug-of-war. One of the chiralities can be switched (on and off) triggered by a polar solvent, leading to a unique helix-sense inversion of the peptide backbone. More information can be found in the Communication by Akio Urushima, Naoki Ousaka, and Eiji Yashima on page 3150 in Issue 21, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801111).
Effect of quantum confinement on spin transport and magnetization dynamics in dual barrier spin transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (2010)

Electronic transport and magnetization dynamics associated with the current induced spin torque effects in dual barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have been investigated using nonequilibrium Green’s Function equations solved self-consistently with Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Slonczewski equation. In a dual barrier (pentalayer) MTJ, a set of geometry and band-structure parameters jointly determines the position of resonant peaks and valleys within the energy range of interest. The presence of nonmonotonic quantum well states inside the central ferromagnetic free layer significantly modifies the critical switching voltage across MTJ and tunneling magnetoresistance simultaneously depending on whether the resonant condition is satisfied. Proper choice of (i) free ferromagnetic layer thickness, (ii) tunneling barrier height, (iii) width of the tunneling barrier, and (iv) operational voltage has been found to increase both in-plane and out-of-plane spin torque efficiencies in pentalayer MTJs by approximately an order in magnitude as compared to the conventional single barrier trilayer structures. Transport simulation results are in a reasonable quantitative agreement with the existing set of trilayer MTJ experiments. Energy efficiency of pentalayer MTJ structures over that of trilayers during spin torque driven magnetization switching has also been reported quantitatively under resonance conditions.
Contraintes structurales sur la réactivité dans les argiles et les solides très divisés (1987)

Les argiles, les zéolithes et d’autres solides microporeux tels que les silices permettent de faire des réactions chimiques dans des espaces à géométrie restreinte. Dans les argiles du groupe des smectites et des vermiculites, cet espace est quasi-bidimensionnel. Dans les zéolithes, la dimensionnalité effective de l’espace réactionnel à l’échelle moléculaire est plus basse encore (canaux ou cages), tout comme dans les silices microporeuses. Ce sont donc les effets de confinement de cage et de recombinaison qui dominent la réactivité dans les zéolithes et silices, alors que, dans les argiles, la réactivité est essentiellement contrôlée par la densité de charge superficielle et la hauteur de galerie. Nous passons en revue les exemples les plus typiques de chimie douce, de photochimie et l’électrochimie dans ces milieux.
‘Switch-on’ DNA sensor based on poly (<i>p</i>-phenylene vinylenes) bound tentacle probes (2015)

Abstract The development of highly sensitive and selective DNA sensors has fuelled applications in a wide range of fields including medical diagnostics, forensics, biodefense, food contamination and environment monitoring. We demonstrate a novel superquenching based DNA sensor with “switch-on” readout using poly( p -phenylenevinylene) (PPV) coated magnetic beads (PPV-MagSi) and quencher functionalized tentacle probes (TP). The sensor design utilizes signal amplification properties of PPV and cooperativity of TPs to monitor hybridization of target oligonucleotides (ONs). The switch-on sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectively discriminates mismatches in the target DNA sequence. Two novel anionic PPVs – poly (6,6′-((2-methyl-5-(( E )-4-(( E )-prop-1-en-1-yl)styryl)-1,4-phenylene)-bis(oxy) dihexanoic acid) ( PMDH ) and poly (6,6′-((2-(( E )-2,5-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-(( E )-prop-1-en-1-yl)styryl)-5-methyl-1,4-phenylene)-bis-(oxy)) di-hexanoic acid) ( PDMonoG ) were tested and compared against each other as part of the sensor design. The employed hairpin TPs possess further advantages of avoiding labelling of target ON, increased selectivity and sensitivity; faster assay time, and capability of magnetically controlled deployment and separation of PPV-MagSi beads.
Supplementary Table 2 from A Genome-Wide Survey over the ChIP-On-Chip Identified Androgen Receptor-Binding Genomic Regions Identifies a Novel Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Locus at 12q13.13 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 40.4KB&lt;/p&gt;
International Pneumococcal Clones Match or Exceed the Fitness of Other Strains despite the Accumulation of Antibiotic Resistance (2011)

A few international pneumococcal clones dominate the population of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci. Despite the scientific paradigm that a loss in fitness is the price for acquisition of resistance, these clones spread successfully. One hundred fifty-four isolates from adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were analyzed. Thirty percent showed a close relationship to international clones and had fitness equal to or exceeding that of other strains (P = 0.015); these factors may result in the endurance of these strains despite a reduction of antibiotic usage.
Globular amyloid β‐peptide<sub>1−42</sub> oligomer − a homogenous and stable neuropathological protein in Alzheimer's disease (2005)

Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta)(1-42) oligomers have recently been discussed as intermediate toxic species in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Here we describe a new and highly stable Abeta(1-42) oligomer species which can easily be prepared in vitro and is present in the brains of patients with AD and Abeta(1-42)-overproducing transgenic mice. Physicochemical characterization reveals a pure, highly water-soluble globular 60-kDa oligomer which we named 'Abeta(1-42) globulomer'. Our data indicate that Abeta(1-42) globulomer is a persistent structural entity formed independently of the fibrillar aggregation pathway. It is a potent antigen in mice and rabbits eliciting generation of Abeta(1-42) globulomer-specific antibodies that do not cross-react with amyloid precursor protein, Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) monomers and Abeta fibrils. Abeta(1-42) globulomer binds specifically to dendritic processes of neurons but not glia in hippocampal cell cultures and completely blocks long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Our data suggest that Abeta(1-42) globulomer represents a basic pathogenic structural principle also present to a minor extent in previously described oligomer preparations and that its formation is an early pathological event in AD. Selective neutralization of the Abeta globulomer structure epitope is expected to have a high potential for treatment of AD.
Flightless I Alters the Inflammatory Response and Autoantibody Profile in an OVA-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Skin-Like Disease (2018)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by excessive inflammation and disrupted skin barrier function. Although the etiology of AD is not completely understood, clinical and basic studies suggest increasing involvement of autoantibodies against intracellular proteins. An actin remodeling protein, Flightless I (Flii), has been shown to promote development of inflammatory mediated skin conditions and impairment of skin barrier development and function. Here, we sought to determine the effect of altering <i>Flii</i> expression on the development of AD and its contribution to autoimmune aspects of inflammatory skin conditions. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AD skin-like disease was induced in <i>Flii</i> heterozygous (<i>Flii<sup>+/-</sup></i> ), wild-type (<i>Flii<sup>+/+</sup></i> ), and <i>Flii</i> transgenic (<i>Flii<sup>Tg/Tg</sup></i> ) mice by epicutaneous exposure to OVA for 3 weeks; each week was separated by 2-week resting period. Reduced <i>Flii</i> expression resulted in decreased disease severity and tissue inflammation as determined by histology, lymphocytic, and mast cell infiltrate and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine levels and a marked IFN-γ Th<sub>1</sub> response. In contrast, <i>Flii</i> over-expression lead to a Th<sub>2</sub> skewed response characterized by increased pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine production, Th<sub>2</sub> chemokine levels, and Th<sub>2</sub> cell numbers. Sera from OVA-induced AD skin-like disease <i>Flii<sup>+/-</sup></i> mice showed a decreased level of autoreactivity while sera from <i>Flii</i><sup>Tg/Tg</sup> mice counterparts showed an altered autoantibody profile with strong nuclear localization favoring development of a more severe disease. These findings demonstrate autoimmune responses in this model of OVA-induced AD-like skin disease and suggest that Flii is a novel target, whose manipulation could be a potential approach for the treatment of patients with AD.
A novel transgenic marker for migrating limb muscle precursors and for vascular smooth muscle cells (2001)

A unique pattern of LacZ expression was found in a transgenic mouse line, likely due to regulatory elements at the site of integration. Two new genes flanking the transgene were identified. At early stages of development, the transgene is transiently expressed in ventro-lateral demomyotomal cells migrating from the somites into the limb buds. At late developmental stages and in the adult, lacZ staining marks vascular smooth muscle cells throughout the vascular bed, with the exception of the major elastic arteries, and in pericytes. No expression was detected in skeletal and smooth muscles. Different patterns of expression in vascular smooth muscles was observed at distinct levels of the vascular tree, in arteries as well as in veins. Vessel injury, resulting in stimulation of smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration, is associated with transgene down-regulation. After the formation of neointima thickening, it is reactivated. This transgenic insertion may therefore be used as a useful marker to identify novel physiological cues or genetic elements involved in the regulation of the vascular smooth muscle phenotype(s). It may also provide an experimental tool for studying vasculature and the involvement of pericytes in regulating microvascular homeostasis.
Pinhole analysis in magnetic tunnel junctions (2000)

Pinholes in the insulating layer of magnetic tunnel junctions are local shortcuts and cause malfunction of such devices. The need for reduction of the tunnel resistance by reduction of the insulator thickness will make this problem even more severe. Therefore, the development of low-resistance magnetic tunnel junctions requires analyzing the pinhole density. We developed a method for pinhole imaging using electrodeposition of copper. Selective nucleation at pinholes produces characteristic structures that can be visualized by conventional microscopy techniques. The experimental conditions were carefully chosen in order to avoid uncontrolled damage of the insulator layer.
Supplemental Figure 1 from AXL Is a Logical Molecular Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. AXL knockdown inhibits the migration of HNSCC cell lines&lt;/p&gt;
Phosphorothiolate sulfoxides and sulfones: NMR characteristics and reactivity (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorothiolate sulfoxides and sulfones: NMR characteristics and reactivityShao Yong. Wu, Robert F. Toia, and John E. CasidaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 8, 1425–1431Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00020a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00020a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views224Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of resource sharing reconfigurable ΔΣ SAR-ADC (2018)

This paper presents an ADC with re-configurability between SAR-only mode and delta-sigma (ΔΣ assisted mode). The ΔΣ assisted mode brings resolution enhancement. Proposed ADC shares a capacitor array for SAR, feedback DAC, and integrator capacitor in ΔΣ loop, which can reduce the circuit size. The prototype ADC fabricated in 65-nm CMOS achieved SNDR of 44.35 dB at 32 MS/s and power consumption of 0.55 mW. The SNDR is improved to 62.9 dB by ΔΣ assisted mode.