gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zur Palladium-katalysierten Dimerisierung von Acrylsäuremethylester (2002)

This work describes the optimisation of the palladium catalysed dimerisation reaction of methyle acrylate by using mono- and bidentate ligands and ionic liquids as solvent. Furthermore a biphasic reaction system is developed and applied to a continuos reactor. The activity of the Palladium catalyst increases with higher basicity of the phosphines. The selectivity (linearity of the dimers) decreases by less sterical demand of the lingands. The use of the bidentate ligand 1-dibutylephosphino-2-(dimethyleamino)ethane leads to a high stability of the catalyst and TONs of 4768 are obtained. The addition of ionic liquids with non-coordinating cations and anions e.g. [MePBu3][BF4], [4-MBP][BF4] and [BMIM][BF4] accelerate the reaction. A continuos biphasic reaction can be performed by the use of [BMIM][BF4], which leads to much higher activities compared to the monophasic batch reaction due to a minimisation of product inhibition and an average TOF = 88 h-1 over 43 h is obtained.
Advances and Innovations in Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Surgery (2014)

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are very complex and intriguing pathologies. Since their initial description by Luschka and Virchow in the middle of the 19th century, multiple advances and innovations have revolutionized their management and surgical treatment. Here, we review the historical landmarks in the surgical treatment of AVMs and then illustrate the most recent and futuristic technologies aiming to improve outcomes in AVM surgeries. In particular, we examine potential advances in patient selection, imaging, surgical technique, neuroanesthesia, and postoperative neuro-rehabilitation and quantitative assessments. Finally, we illustrate how concurrent advances in radiosurgery and endovascular techniques might present new opportunities to treat AVMs more safely from a surgical perspective.
Epigenome‐wide association of PTSD from heterogeneous cohorts with a common multi‐site analysis pipeline (2017)

Compelling evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation play a role in stress regulation and in the etiologic basis of stress related disorders such as Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Here we describe the purpose and methods of an international consortium that was developed to study the role of epigenetics in PTSD. Inspired by the approach used in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, we brought together investigators representing seven cohorts with a collective sample size of N = 1147 that included detailed information on trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and genome-wide DNA methylation data. The objective of this consortium is to increase the analytical sample size by pooling data and combining expertise so that DNA methylation patterns associated with PTSD can be identified. Several quality control and analytical pipelines were evaluated for their control of genomic inflation and technical artifacts with a joint analysis procedure established to derive comparable data over the cohorts for meta-analysis. We propose methods to deal with ancestry population stratification and type I error inflation and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of applying robust error estimates. To evaluate our pipeline, we report results from an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of age, which is a well-characterized phenotype with known epigenetic associations. Overall, while EWAS are highly complex and subject to similar challenges as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we demonstrate that an epigenetic meta-analysis with a relatively modest sample size can be well-powered to identify epigenetic associations. Our pipeline can be used as a framework for consortium efforts for EWAS.
Biological Contributions to PTSD (2022)

Although the majority of the world’s population will be exposed to trauma, only a small minority will subsequently develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Efforts to distinguish those at risk for long-term symptoms have identified several neuroanatomical and biological characteristics as well as peritraumatic responses as candidate indicators. Recent advances in analyzing molecular and genetic contributions to risk and data from prospective longitudinal cohort studies have further contributed to our evolving understanding of risk factors for the development of PTSD and longer-term outcomes. This chapter will discuss key findings from research on pre-, peri-, and posttrauma exposure biological contributions to PTSD.
Detection of two different kanamycin resistance genes in naturally occurring isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli (1988)

A total of 225 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and 54 isolates of Campylobacter coli were screened for resistance to kanamycin. Among these, five resistant isolates of C. jejuni and six resistant isolates of C. coli, all with different plasmid patterns, were identified. Each contained at least one plasmid greater than or equal to 41 kilobases in size. The MIC of kanamycin for all 11 strains was determined to be greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml by an agar dilution method. In addition, all of the strains exhibited resistance to tetracycline (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). Eight of the 11 strains transferred the kanamycin resistance phenotype to other Campylobacter strains by conjugation. DNA from 9 of the 11 strains hybridized to a DNA probe specific for the 3'-O-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase type III gene. The remaining two strains also failed to show homology with DNA probes specific for the genes encoding 3'-O-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase types I, II, and III. The novel kanamycin resistance gene was cloned into the vector pBR322 and was expressed in Escherichia coli. Phosphocellulose paper binding assays on sonicates of the E. coli strain carrying the cloned kanamycin determinant demonstrated significant activity against kanamycin, neomycin, and amikacin but not against butirosin, gentamicin, tobramycin, or lividomycin, suggesting that the enzyme is the product of a 3'-O-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase type of aminoglycoside resistance gene.
Correlation between morphology and performance of cellulose nanofibril-based films (2023)

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were produced from bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp using microfluidization varying the number of passes through the microfluidizer. CNFs were processed into dry films to elucidate the effect of CNFs morphology on the physical, optical and barrier properties of the films. As the number of passes through the microfluidizer increased, the fibril diameter and degree of polymerization decreased. A higher number of passes produced CNFs with smaller diameter resulting in CNF films with smaller root mean surface (RMS) roughness, higher tensile strength and Young's modulus, and higher transparency. CNF films with lower porosity had lower water vapor permeability (WVP) at 50% RH (better barrier properties), but the number of passes did not significantly affect water vapor permeability at 90% RH or oxygen permeability at 50% RH or 90% RH. Increasing the number of microfluidization passes resulted in CNF films with higher density, lower crystallinity, and higher water accessibility. The results suggest that the physical properties, such as density, of the film were more dominant for the mechanism of WVP compared with crystallinity and water accessibility. A model of water vapor transmission through the CNF film was proposed. By establishing a relationship between CNFs morphology and performance characteristics of corresponding films, especially for barrier properties, insights were obtained that would be beneficial for food packaging applications.
Al2O3 Microresonators for Passive and Active Sensing Applications (2018)

The Al2O3 waveguide technology was explored for sensing applications. Passive microring resonators with a quality factor in air of 3.2×105 were developed with a bulk refractive index sensitivity of ~100 nm/RIU and limit of detection of ~10-6 RIU. These were functionalized to detect the biomarker rhS100A4 from urine down to concentrations of 3 nM. Furthermore, Al2O3:Yb3+ microdisk lasers were realized that exhibited single mode lasing operation in water. Their lasing wavelength was tuned by varying the bulk refractive index and a bulk refractive index sensitivity of ~20 nm/RIU with a LOD of ~3×10-6 was achieved.
A unified concept of HIV latency (2006)

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) combining potent drugs that can inhibit reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease activities has changed the natural history of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 disease. Unfortunately, poor penetrability into different anatomic compartments, toxicity and drug resistance are some of the problems related to their prolonged use. The ability of HIV to mutate and become resistant, along with the ongoing viral replication during HAART, can lead to the emergence of independently evolving viral strains in different anatomic compartments (i.e., brain, testes, lymph nodes, etc.). In addition, HAART predominantly effects the viral replication in the activated or differentiating CD(+) T lymphocytes, but appears to have a very limited effect on HIV-1 preintegration complexes in the latently infected cells. Existing drug therapies do not eliminate these viral reservoirs, nor do they prevent their formation. New strategies are needed for eliminating protected areas of HIV-1 in vivo. Therefore, the persistence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs is the principal barrier in the complete eradication of HIV-1 infection in patients by antiretroviral therapy at present. African non-human primates (NHPs) naturally infected with various simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) appear not to develop immunodeficiency or AIDS, whereas Asian NHPs, which are unnatural hosts, infected with SIVs, as well humans infected with HIV-1, will nearly always develop progressive loss of CD(+) T lymphocytes and a gradual destruction of immune functions. Understanding the difference in the host responses between natural and unnatural hosts, and deciphering which host factors are responsible for the non-pathogenic course of natural SIV infections, would be valuable in developing more-effective treatment or prevention strategies for HIV/AIDS. A number of factors encoded by host cells have been identified that appear to play critical roles in the SIV infection process. Two of these factors, TRIM5alpha (a member of a large family of proteins known as the TRIM proteins) and cellular apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like-3G (APOBEC3G) have been recently identified. APOBEC3G genes belong to a family of primate genes that produce enzymes (in this case, APOBEC3G) that 'edit' RNA by replacing cytosine with guanine into viral particles as the virus undergoes reverse transcription in the cytoplasm of the host cell. HIV-1, in turn, counters with a protein called viral infectivity factor (Vif), which binds to the APOBEC3G enzyme that degrades it. Several other blocking factors have been described, including lentiviral blocking factor (Lv)1 and 2. These factors appear to block the infection at a postentry step; after reverse transcription has occurred, but before proviral integration. Thus, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment, maintenance and reactivation of lentiviral latency. This review presents various models of HIV-1 latency and forward a new unified model of lentiviral latency.
Observation of exclusive dijet production at the Fermilab Tevatron<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>collider (2008)

We present the first observation and cross section measurement of exclusive dijet production in p̄p interactions, p̄p→p̄+dijet+p. Using a data sample of 310pb-1 collected by the Run II Collider Detector at Fermilab at s=1.96TeV, exclusive cross sections for events with two jets of transverse energy ETjet≥10GeV have been measured as a function of minimum ETjet. The exclusive signal is extracted from fits to data distributions based on Monte Carlo simulations of expected dijet signal and background shapes. The simulated background distribution shapes are checked in a study of a largely independent data sample of 200pb-1 of b-tagged jet events, where exclusive dijet production is expected to be suppressed by the Jz=0 total angular momentum selection rule. Results obtained are compared with theoretical expectations, and implications for exclusive Higgs boson production at the pp Large Hadron Collider at s=14TeV are discussed. © 2008 The American Physical Society.
High-field (high-frequency) EPR spectroscopy and structural characterization of a novel manganese(iii) corrole (2000)

The X-ray structure, magnetic susceptibility, and high-field (high-frequency) EPR spectrum of manganese 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl) corrole unambiguously establish that the complex contains an isolated, slightly rhombic, manganese(III) center.
Simple quantification of zeolite acid site density by reactive gas chromatography (2017)

The Brønsted acid site densities of ZSM-5, BEA and single unit cell self-pillared pentasil (SPP) zeolites of varying Si/Al ratios were measured using a new technique, reactive gas chromatography (RGC), which utilizes alkylamine decomposition to selectively count Brønsted acid sites.
Edible Resonators (2022)

The development of green, biodegradable electronics that degrade soon after their function is accomplished is a significant contribution to healthcare where edible electronics can be used for diagnosis. An important component of such systems is a resonator. Here we present the design and development of inductor-capacitor (LC) circuits based on a form of sugar called isomalt. Using its low roughness and mechanical properties, we demonstrate resonators that use capacitors, planar inductors, helical inductors and inductors with an edible core, all fabricated from isomalt.
Discovery of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activator Runcaciguat (BAY 1101042) (2021)

Herein we describe the discovery, mode of action, and preclinical characterization of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator runcaciguat. The sGC enzyme, via the formation of cyclic guanosine monophoshphate, is a key regulator of body and tissue homeostasis. sGC activators with their unique mode of action are activating the oxidized and heme-free and therefore NO-unresponsive form of sGC, which is formed under oxidative stress. The first generation of sGC activators like cinaciguat or ataciguat exhibited limitations and were discontinued. We overcame limitations of first-generation sGC activators and identified a new chemical class via high-throughput screening. The investigation of the structure-activity relationship allowed to improve potency and multiple solubility, permeability, metabolism, and drug-drug interactions parameters. This program resulted in the discovery of the oral sGC activator runcaciguat (compound <b>45</b>, BAY 1101042). Runcaciguat is currently investigated in clinical phase 2 studies for the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
573 VULVOVAGINITIS CAUSES URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS BY INCREASING PERIURETHRAL COLONIZATION OF UROPATHOGENS (2011)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPediatrics: Imaging/Infections & Vesicoureteral Reflux1 Apr 2011573 VULVOVAGINITIS CAUSES URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS BY INCREASING PERIURETHRAL COLONIZATION OF UROPATHOGENS Ilya Gorbachinsky, Gordon McLorie, Anthony Atala, and Steve Hodges Ilya GorbachinskyIlya Gorbachinsky Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author , Gordon McLorieGordon McLorie Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author , Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author , and Steve HodgesSteve Hodges Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.1383AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Vulvovaginitis has a known association with urinary tract infections in girls. We hypothesize that vulvovaginitis is a major contributor to urinary tract infections in prepubertal girls by increasing periurethral colonization with uropathogens. METHODS Periurethral swabs and urine specimens were obtained from a total of 100 girls (57 with vulvovaginitis and 43 without vulvovaginitis). Specimens were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The dominant organism in the periurethral swabs and urine cultures were recorded and antibiotic sensitivity profiles were compared. RESULTS Periurethral swabs from children with vulvovaginitis were associated with a statistically significant increase in uropathogenic bacteria (79% Enterococcus or E. coli) as the dominant culture as compared to swabs from girls without vaginitis (18%) (p<0.05). 52% of the urine cultures in children with vulvovaginitis were positive for urinary tract infections, and the dominant organism in the urine cultures matched the species and antibiotic sensitivity profile of the corresponding periurethral swab. Only 11% of the urine cultures from girls without vulvovaginitis were positive for urinary tract infections. CONCLUSIONS Vulvovaginitis may cause urinary tract infections by increasing periurethral colonization of uropathogens. © 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 185Issue 4SApril 2011Page: e231 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ilya Gorbachinsky Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author Gordon McLorie Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author Anthony Atala Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author Steve Hodges Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Down-Regulation of Astrocytic Kir4.1 Channels during the Audiogenic Epileptogenesis in Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 (Lgi1) Mutant Rats (2019)

The dysfunction of astrocytic inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 4.1 channels, which mediate the spatial potassium-buffering function of astrocytes, is known to be involved in the development of epilepsy. Here, we analyzed the Kir4.1 expressional changes in <i>Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1</i> (<i>Lgi1</i>) mutant rats, which is a model of autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy in humans, to clarify the role of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels in Lgi1-related epileptogenesis. Priming acoustic stimulation (at postnatal day 16) conferred seizure susceptibility on <i>Lgi1</i> mutant rats, which evoked audiogenic seizures with test stimulation at eight weeks. In the seizure-susceptible <i>Lgi1</i> mutant rats (before test stimulation), astrocytic Kir4.1 expression was down-regulated region-specifically in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. In addition, prophylactic treatments of <i>Lgi1</i> mutant rats with valproic acid (VPA, 30 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for two weeks prevented both the development of seizure susceptibility and the down-regulation of Kir4.1 expression in astrocytes. The present study demonstrated for the first time that the astrocytic Kir4.1 expression was reduced in the <i>Lgi1</i>-related seizure model, suggesting that the down-regulation of Kir4.1 channels in astrocytes is involved in audiogenic epileptogenesis caused by <i>Lgi1</i> mutation. In addition, VPA seemed to have a prophylactic effect on <i>Lgi1</i>-related seizures.
Multiple regions of quantum criticality in YbAgGe (2011)

Dilation and thermopower measurements on YbAgGe, a heavy-fermion antiferromagnet, clarify and refine the magnetic field-temperature (H-T) phase diagram and reveal a field-induced phase with T-linear resistivity. On the low-H side of this phase we find evidence for a first-order transition and suggest that YbAgGe at 4.5 T may be close to a quantum critical end point. On the high-H side our results are consistent with a second-order transition suppressed to a quantum critical point near 7.2 T. We discuss these results in light of global phase diagrams proposed for Kondo lattice systems.
Validation of a robot serious game assessment protocol for upper limb motor impairment in children with cerebral palsy (2019)

The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02543424), 12 August 2015.
Airway Epithelial Cell Responses to Ozone Injury (1995)

The airway epithelial cells is an important target in ozone injury. Once activated, the airway epithelium responds in three phases. The initial, or immediate phase, involves activation of constitutive cells, often through direct covalent interactions including the formation of secondary ozonolysis products--hydroxyhydroperoxides, aldehydes, and hydrogen peroxide. Recently, we found hydroxyhydroperoxides to be potent agonists of bioactive eicosanoid formation by human airway epithelial cells in culture. Other probable immediate events include activation and inactivation of enzymes present on the epithelial surface (e.g., neutral endopeptidase). During the next 2 to 24 hr, or early phase, epithelial cells respond by synthesis and release of chemotactic factors, including chemokines--macrophage inflammatory protein-2, RANTES, and interleukin-8. Infiltrating leukocytes during this period also release elastase, an important agonist of epithelial cell mucus secretion and additional chemokine formation. The third (late) phase of ozone injury is characterized by eosinophil or monocyte infiltration. Cytokine expression leads to alteration of structural protein synthesis, with increases in fibronectin evident by in situ hybridization. Synthesis of epithelial antiproteases, e.g., secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, may also increase locally 24 to 48 hr after elastase concentrations become excessive. Thus, the epithelium is not merely a passive barrier to ozone injury but has a dynamic role in directing the migration, activating, and then counteracting inflammatory cells. Through these complex interactions, epithelial cells can be viewed as the initiators (alpha) and the receptors (omega) of ozone-induced airway disease.
On the Connection Between Compression Learning and Scenario Based Single-Stage and Cascading Optimization Problems (2015)

We investigate the connections between compression learning and scenario based optimization. We first show how to strengthen, or relax the consistency assumption at the basis of compression learning and provide novel learnability conditions for the underlying algorithms. We then consider different constrained optimization problems affected by uncertainty represented by means of scenarios. We show that the compression learning perspective provides a unifying framework for scenario based optimization, since the issue of providing guarantees on the probability of constraint violation reduces to a learning problem for an appropriately chosen algorithm that satisfies some consistency assumption. To illustrate this, we revisit the scenario approach within the developed context. Moreover, using the compression learning machinery we provide novel results on the probability of constraint violation for the class of cascading optimization problems.