gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of CZT crystals and detectors grown in Russia and the Ukraine by high-pressure Bridgman methods (2000)

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is leading an effort to evaluate vertical high pressure Bridgman (VHPB) Cd{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}Te (CZT) crystals grown in the former Soviet Union (FSU) (Ukraine and Russia), in order to study the parameters limiting the crystal quality and the radiation detector performance. The stoichiometry of the CZT crystals, with 0.04 &lt; x &lt; 0.25, has been determined by methods such as proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microprobe analysis and laser ablation ICP mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP/MS). Other methods such as triaxial double crystal x-ray diffraction (TADXRD), infrared transmission spectroscopy (IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermoelectric emission spectroscopy (TEES) and laser induced transient charge technique (TCT) were also used to evaluate the material properties. The authors have measured the zinc distribution in a CZT ingot along the axial direction and also its homogeneity. The (Cd+Zn)/Te average ratio measured on the Ukraine crystals was 1.2, compared to the ratio of 0.9-1.06 on the Russian ingots. The IR transmission showed highly decorated grain boundaries with precipitates and hollow bubbles. Microprobe elemental analysis and LA-ICP/MS showed carbon precipitates in the CZT bulk and carbon deposits along grain boundaries. The higher concentration of impurities and the imperfect crystallinity lead to shorter electron and hole lifetimes in the range of 0.5--2 {micro}s and 0.1 {micro}s respectively, compared to 3--20 {micro}s and 1--7 {micro}s measured on US spectrometer grade CZT detectors. These results are consistent with the lower resistivity and worse crystalline perfection of these crystals, compared to US grown CZT. However, recently grown CZT from FSU exhibited better detector performance and good response to alpha particles.
Broadband discrete and continuous wavelength tuning of erbium-doped fiber ring lasers (2000)

Broadband discrete and continuous tuning of erbium-doped fiber lasers is demonstrated in this paper. First, an exact multiple of 100 GHz frequency step-tunable L band erbium-doped fiber ring laser is presented. Precise multiple of 100 GHz step-tunability is obtain by proper angle positioning of a 100 GHz Fabry-Perot micro etalon in the laser cavity. Secondly, continuous tuning over 90 nm is shown in a laser using gain-band switching between C and L band EDFAs. Lastly, a tunable laser design that uses a single gain medium to obtain 100 nm of tuning in the C and L bands is demonstrated.
&lt;title&gt;Component development and integration issues for MOEMS&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

Following over a decade of MOEMS component development, attention in the research, development and commercial arenas has begun a significant shift to system-level integration of these structures. Applications abound in fields including optical communications, integrated sensors and bio/chemo diagnostics. Furthermore, the impending need for wafer- level integration of MOEMS with logic and actuation is driving R&D into developing a compatible process flow for ultimate, low-cost technology deployment. This paper will describe recent advances in MOEMS development and integration projects at the UAlbany Institute for Materials (UAIM). This discussion will focus on operational details of selected MOEMS projects including diffractive/reflective arrays, VCSEL arrays, and integrated sensor systems. These research and development details will be presented against a backdrop of the NanoFab 200 at UAIM, a unique 200 mm wafer prototyping and integration facility. In particular, reconfigurable diffractive and reflective arrays are currently under development in several complementary programs at UAIM. These programs encompass optical interconnect studies, active spectroscopy and metrology development. This paper will present the current status of these programs that are focused on optical performance improvements, process flow integration, packaging and lifetime tests. To complement these activities, selected MOEMS components are being integrated with VCSEL arrays for application to a variety of sensor systems. Development details of the VCSEL arrays and compatibility issues with custom MOEMS systems will be described. Finally, selected details of 200mm wafer-level integration studies will be presented to illustrate challenges and opportunities.
Identification of a Novel Wnt Antagonist Based Therapeutic and Diagnostic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease Using a Stem Cell-Derived Model (2023)

Currently, all the existing treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) fail to stall progression due to longer duration of time between onset of the symptoms and diagnosis of the disease, raising the necessity of effective diagnostics and novel treatment. Specific molecular regulation of the onset and progression of disease is not yet elucidated. This warranted investigation of the role of Wnt signaling regulators which are thought to be involved in neurogenesis. The AD model was established using amyloid beta (Aβ) in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic membranes which were differentiated into neuronal cell types. In vivo studies were carried out with Aβ or a Wnt antagonist, AD201, belonging to the sFRP family. We further created an AD201-knockdown in vitro model to determine the role of Wnt antagonism. BACE1 upregulation, ChAT and α7nAChR downregulation with synapse and functionality loss with increases in ROS confirmed the neurodegeneration. Reduced β-catenin and increased AD201 expression indicated Wnt/canonical pathway inhibition. Similar results were exhibited in the in vivo study along with AD-associated behavioural and molecular changes. AD201-knockdown rescued neurons from Aβ-induced toxicity. We demonstrated for the first time a role of AD201 in Alzheimer's disease manifestation, which indicates a promising disease target and biomarker.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activities of Indolin‐2‐one Derivatives Bearing Amino Acid Moieties. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of copper addition on the superelastic behavior of Ni-Ti shape memory alloys for orthodontic applications (1999)

Transformation temperatures and mechanical properties such as transformation stresses at different temperatures, superelasticity characteristics, and load cycling behavior have been investigated in NiTiCu orthodontic archwires with various copper concentrations. The results have been compared with the conventional NiTi orthodontic archwires. The addition of copper was effective in narrowing the stress hysteresis and in stabilizing the superelasticity characteristics against cyclic deformation, with the result that the slope of the load-deflection unloading curve of the alloy is lower than NiTi. Moreover, it produced greater stability of both the transformation temperature and the force applied to the teeth for a determined design and wire cross-section. On the other hand, the presence of copper in NiTi orthodontic archwires reduced the ageing effect. Studies of ion release in artificial saliva showed only small quantities after long periods of immersion.
A structure-based computational workflow to predict liability and binding modes of small molecules to hERG (2020)

Off-target interactions of drugs with the human ether-à-go-go related gene 1 (hERG1) channel have been associated with severe cardiotoxic conditions leading to the withdrawal of many drugs from the market over the last decades. Consequently, predicting drug-induced hERG-liability is now a prerequisite in any drug discovery campaign. Understanding the atomic level interactions of drug with the channel is essential to guide the efficient development of safe drugs. Here we utilize the recent cryo-EM structure of the hERG channel and describe an integrated computational workflow to characterize different drug-hERG interactions. The workflow employs various structure-based approaches and provides qualitative and quantitative insights into drug binding to hERG. Our protocol accurately differentiated the strong blockers from weak and revealed three potential anchoring sites in hERG. Drugs engaging in all these sites tend to have high affinity towards hERG. Our results were cross-validated using a fluorescence polarization kit binding assay and with electrophysiology measurements on the wild-type (WT-hERG) and on the two hERG mutants (Y652A-hERG and F656A-hERG), using the patch clamp technique on HEK293 cells. Finally, our analyses show that drugs binding to hERG disrupt and hijack certain native-structural networks in the channel, thereby, gaining more affinity towards hERG.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New Fluoride‐Containing Manganese Vanadates A<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>F<sub>2</sub> (A: Rb, Cs) and Mn<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>4</sub>F. (2016)

Abstract Single crystals of A 2 Mn 2 V 2 O 7 F 2 (A: Rb, Cs) and Mn 2 VO 4 F are grown by high‐temperature hydrothermal reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Cs 2 CO 3 (Rb 2 CO 3 ), Mn 2 O 3 , and V 2 O 5 together with CsF and RbF as mineralizers (Ag ampoules in water‐containing autoclave, 580 °C, 6—7 d).
Probing HLA-B7 conformational shifts induced by peptide-binding groove mutations and bound peptide with anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies (1996)

To determine the influence of peptide-binding groove residues and MHC-bound peptide on HLA-B7 conformation, we investigated the binding sites of nine locus- or allele-specific mAbs using a panel of 82 HLA-B7 variants. The functional mAb epitopes encircle the HLA-B7 peptide-binding groove. Three mAbs are affected by mutations at solvent-accessible peptide-binding groove mutations. Mutations in peptide-binding groove residues 45, 63, and 150 affect multiple nonoverlapping mAb epitopes, probably by interaction with other MHC residues or bound peptide. However, 18 of 24 peptide-binding groove mutations do not affect mAb binding, indicating that the conformation of solvent-accessible HLA-B7 structures is largely dissociated from changes in the peptide-binding groove. To test whether bound peptides alter HLA-B7 conformation, we loaded HLA-B7 heavy chains on acid-stripped cells with beta2-microglobulin and 20 individual synthetic peptides. Two of eight mAbs are sensitive to HLA-B7-bound peptides. A likely interpretation of these data is that the conformational flexibility of HLA-B7 is due to peptide-induced conformational shifts in MHC side chains, rather than major shifts in the MHC main chain. These results suggest that HLA-B7 conformation is largely maintained in the context of different bound peptides and different peptide-binding grooves.
Structural plasticity of the ventral stream and aphasia recovery (2017)

Restrengthening of the residual language network is likely to be crucial for speech recovery in poststroke aphasia. Eight participants with chronic aphasia received intensive speech therapy for 3 weeks, with standardized naming tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging before and after therapy. Kurtosis-based diffusion tensor tractography was used to measure mean kurtosis (MK) along a segment of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). Therapy-related reduction in the number of semantic but not phonemic errors was associated with strengthening (renormalization) of ILF MK (r = -0.90, p < 0.05 corrected), suggesting that speech recovery is related to structural plasticity of language-specific components of the residual language network. Ann Neurol 2017;82:147-151.
Characterization of antigenic determinants on human myeloid colony forming cells with monoclonal antibodies. (1981)

Immunologic characterization of myeloid progenitor cells (CFUGM) provides a new dimension for identification and separation of this hemopoietic cell population from other cells within marrow and peripheral blood. Monoclonal antibodies against human anti Ia-like (HLA-DR) determinants and against T lymphocytes were utilized to more precisely define the cell surface antigenic structure of human CFUGM. Complement-mediated cytotoxicity testing demonstrated the presence of HLA-DR antigens and absence of a T lymphocyte antigen on the clonogenic CFUGM. Similar degrees of cytotoxicity were noted for B lymphocytes and CFUGM using anti HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. Our studies with the anti T lymphocyte antibody suggest that T lymphocytes may be selectively removed from marrow cells without depletion of myeloid precursor cells.
Pertuzumab Plus Trastuzumab in Patients With Colorectal Cancer With<i>ERBB2</i>Amplification or<i>ERBB2/3</i>Mutations: Results From the TAPUR Study (2022)

Although P + T treatment does not appear to have antitumor activity in CRC with <i>ERBB2/3</i> mutations, this combination has antitumor activity in patients with CRC with <i>ERBB2</i> amplification and warrants further study.
Fluorinated <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dialkylaminostilbenes for Wnt Pathway Inhibition and Colon Cancer Repression (2011)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. CRC is initiated by mutations of the tumor suppressor gene, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), or β-catenin gene. These mutations stabilize β-catenin and constitutively activate Wnt/β-catenin target genes, such as c-Myc and cyclin D1, ultimately leading to cancer. Naturally occurring stilbene derivatives, resveratrol and pterostilbene, inhibit Wnt signaling and repress CRC cell proliferation but are ineffective at concentrations less than 10 μM. To understand the structure--activity relationship within these stilbene derivatives and to develop more efficacious Wnt inhibitors than these natural products, we synthesized and evaluated a panel of fluorinated N,N-dialkylaminostilbenes. Among this panel, (E)-4-(2,6-difluorostyryl)-N,N-dimethylaniline (4r) inhibits Wnt signaling at nanomolar levels and inhibits the growth of human CRC cell xenografts in athymic nude mice at a dosage of 20 mg/kg. These fluorinated N,N-dialkylaminostilbenes appear to inhibit Wnt signaling downstream of β-catenin, probably at the transcriptional level.
Label-free chemical imaging flow cytometry by high-speed multicolor stimulated Raman scattering (2019)

Combining the strength of flow cytometry with fluorescence imaging and digital image analysis, imaging flow cytometry is a powerful tool in diverse fields including cancer biology, immunology, drug discovery, microbiology, and metabolic engineering. It enables measurements and statistical analyses of chemical, structural, and morphological phenotypes of numerous living cells to provide systematic insights into biological processes. However, its utility is constrained by its requirement of fluorescent labeling for phenotyping. Here we present label-free chemical imaging flow cytometry to overcome the issue. It builds on a pulse pair-resolved wavelength-switchable Stokes laser for the fastest-to-date multicolor stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy of fast-flowing cells on a 3D acoustic focusing microfluidic chip, enabling an unprecedented throughput of up to ∼140 cells/s. To show its broad utility, we use the SRS imaging flow cytometry with the aid of deep learning to study the metabolic heterogeneity of microalgal cells and perform marker-free cancer detection in blood.
Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy—European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on Assessment, Aetiology and Management (2015)

Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are one of the principal reasons for statin non-adherence and/or discontinuation, contributing to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel overviews current understanding of the pathophysiology of statin-associated myopathy, and provides guidance for diagnosis and management of SAMS. Statin-associated myopathy, with significant elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK), is a rare but serious side effect of statins, affecting 1 per 1000 to 1 per 10 000 people on standard statin doses. Statin-associated muscle symptoms cover a broader range of clinical presentations, usually with normal or minimally elevated CK levels, with a prevalence of 7-29% in registries and observational studies. Preclinical studies show that statins decrease mitochondrial function, attenuate energy production, and alter muscle protein degradation, thereby providing a potential link between statins and muscle symptoms; controlled mechanistic and genetic studies in humans are necessary to further understanding. The Panel proposes to identify SAMS by symptoms typical of statin myalgia (i.e. muscle pain or aching) and their temporal association with discontinuation and response to repetitive statin re-challenge. In people with SAMS, the Panel recommends the use of a maximally tolerated statin dose combined with non-statin lipid-lowering therapies to attain recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets. The Panel recommends a structured work-up to identify individuals with clinically relevant SAMS generally to at least three different statins, so that they can be offered therapeutic regimens to satisfactorily address their cardiovascular risk. Further research into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may offer future therapeutic potential.
Dynamic inversion for nonaffine-in-control systems via time-scale separation: part I (2005)

This paper presents a new method for approximate dynamic inversion for nonaffine-in-control systems via time-scale separation. The control signal is sought as a solution of "fast" dynamics and is shown to asymptotically stabilize the original nonaffine system. Sufficient conditions are formulated, which are consistent with the assumptions of Tikhonov's theorem in singular perturbations theory. Several examples illustrate the theoretical results.
A control theory approach for thermal balancing of MPSoC (2009)

Thermal balancing and reducing hot-spots are two important challenges facing the MPSoC designers. In this work, we model the thermal behavior of a MPSoC as a control theory problem which enables the design of an optimum frequency controller without depending on the thermal profile of the chip. The optimization performed by the controller is targeted to achieve thermal balancing on the MPSoC thermal profile to avoid hotspots and improve its reliability. The proposed system is able to perform an on-line minimization of chip thermal gradients based on both scheduler requirements and the chip thermal profile. We compare this with state of the art thermal management approaches. Our comparison shows that the proposed system offers a better both thermal profile (temperature differences higher than 4deg C have been reduced from 27.9% to 0.45%) and performance (up to 32% task waiting time reduction).
Recent Contributions of Electronic Circular Dichroism to the Investigation of Oligopeptide Conformations (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Laser plasma proton acceleration experiments using foam-covered and grating targets (2013)

Experimental results are reported for two different configurations of laser driven ion acceleration using solid foils with a structured layer on the irradiated side, aiming to improve the laser-target coupling by exploiting engineered surfaces. Two experimental campaigns have been performed exploiting a 100TW 25fs Ti:Sa laser capable of maximum intensity of 4 &bull; 10<sup>19</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup>. ”Grating” targets have been manufactured by engraving thin mylar foils (0.9, 20 and 40 <i>&mu;</i>m) with a regular modulation having 1.6 <i>&mu;</i>m period and 0.5 <i>&mu;</i>m depth. The periodicity of the grating corresponds to a resonant incident angle of 30&deg; for the excitation of surface waves. Considering a target of 20 <i>&mu;</i>m and changing the angle of incidence from 10&deg; to 45&deg;, a broad maximum in the proton energy cut-off was observed around the resonant angle (about 5 MeV) which was more than a factor two higher than the case of planar target. ”Foam” targets have been manufactured by depositing a porous 10 <i>&mu;</i>m nanostructured carbon film with an average density of 1-5 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> on a 1 <i>&mu;</i>m thick aluminium foil. At maximum focalization the foam targets gave a maximum proton energy similar to the case of bare aluminium target (about 6 MeV), while educing the intensity the presence of the foam enhanced the maximum proton energy, obtaining about 1.5MeV vs. 500KeV at an intensity of 5 &bull; 10<sup>16</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup>. 2D Particle-In-Cell simulations have been used to support the intepretation of the experimental results.
Virtual attractive-repulsive potentials for cooperative control of second order dynamic vehicles on the caltech MVWT (2005)

We consider a motion planning method based on cooperative biological swarming models with virtual attractive and repulsive potentials (VARP). We derive a map between the model and fan speeds for the Kelly, a second order vehicle on the Caltech multi vehicle wireless testbed. The motion planning map results leads to the development and implementation of a point to point controller which is subsequently used as part of a cooperative searching algorithm. The VARP control method is scalable and can be used to organize a swarm of robotic vehicles.
A Limitation on Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography (1980)

Ultrasonic propagation can often be usefully described in terms of rays. As these rays are in general curved, transmission tomography is more complicated for ultrasound than for x-rays. It is shown here that in most media there are “forbidden” regions which are not intersected by any “minimum propagation time” rays. It is concluded that it is seldom feasible to obtain better images than those reconstructed on the assumption that the ultrasonic rays travel along straight lines.
Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young (2016)

Although the occurrence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a young person is a rare event, it is traumatic and often widely publicized. In recent years, SCD in this population has been increasingly seen as a public health and safety issue. This review presents current knowledge relevant to the epidemiology of SCD and to strategies for prevention, resuscitation, and identification of those at greatest risk. Areas of active research and controversy include the development of best practices in screening, risk stratification approaches and postmortem evaluation, and identification of modifiable barriers to providing better outcomes after resuscitation of young SCD patients. Institution of a national registry of SCD in the young will provide data that will help to answer these questions.
Saturated Zone Plumes in Volcanic Rock: Implications for Yucca Mountain (2006)

This paper presents a literature survey of the occurrences of radionuclide plumes in saturated, fractured rocks. Three sites, Idaho National laboratory, Hanford, and Oak Ridge are discussed in detail. Results of a modeling study are also presented showing that the length to width ratio of a plume starting within the repository footprint at the Yucca Mountain Project site, decreases from about 20:1 for the base case to about 4:1 for a higher value of transverse dispersivity, indicating enhanced lateral spreading of the plume. Due to the definition of regulatory requirements, this lateral spreading does not directly impact breakthrough curves at the 18 km compliance boundary, however it increases the potential that a plume will encounter reducing conditions, thus significantly retarding the transport of sorbing radionuclides.