gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning with Training Wheels: Speeding up Training with a Simple Controller for Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been applied successfully to many robotic applications. However, the large number of trials needed for training is a key issue. Most of existing techniques developed to improve training efficiency (e.g. imitation) target on general tasks rather than being tailored for robot applications, which have their specific context to benefit from. We propose a novel framework, Assisted Reinforcement Learning, where a classical controller (e.g. a PID controller) is used as an alternative, switchable policy to speed up training of DRL for local planning and navigation problems. The core idea is that the simple control law allows the robot to rapidly learn sensible primitives, like driving in a straight line, instead of random exploration. As the actor network becomes more advanced, it can then take over to perform more complex actions, like obstacle avoidance. Eventually, the simple controller can be discarded entirely. We show that not only does this technique train faster, it also is less sensitive to the structure of the DRL network and consistently outperforms a standard Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient network. We demonstrate the results in both simulation and real-world experiments.
Bilateral otitis media and hearing loss in an adult. (1986)

Bilateral otitis media, an uncommon entity in adults, may represent the initial manifestation of a life-threatening systemic disease. Prompt recognition and treatment of the underlying disease is needed to preserve auditory function and prevent involvement of other organ systems. We present the case of a thirty-four-year-old male with bilateral serous otitis media and progressive hearing loss, which was refractory to antimicrobial therapy and middle ear drainage. A mastoid biopsy revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. The differential diagnosis and probable cause of this unusual finding are discussed.
Antitumor Quinol PMX464 Is a Cytocidal Anti-trypanosomal Inhibitor Targeting Trypanothione Metabolism (2011)

Better drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of African sleeping sickness. We tested a series of promising anticancer agents belonging to the 4-substituted 4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dienones class ("quinols") and identified several with potent trypanocidal activity (EC(50) < 100 nM). In mammalian cells, quinols are proposed to inhibit the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system, which is absent from trypanosomes. Studies with the prototypical 4-benzothiazole-substituted quinol, PMX464, established that PMX464 is rapidly cytocidal, similar to the arsenical drug, melarsen oxide. Cell lysis by PMX464 was accelerated by addition of sublethal concentrations of glucose oxidase implicating oxidant defenses in the mechanism of action. Whole cells treated with PMX464 showed a loss of trypanothione (T(SH)(2)), a unique dithiol in trypanosomes, and tryparedoxin peroxidase (TryP), a 2-Cys peroxiredoxin similar to mammalian thioredoxin peroxidase. Enzyme assays revealed that T(SH)(2), TryP, and a glutathione peroxidase-like tryparedoxin-dependent peroxidase were inhibited in time- and concentration-dependent manners. The inhibitory activities of various quinol analogues against these targets showed a good correlation with growth inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei. The monothiols glutathione and L-cysteine bound in a 2:1 ratio with PMX464 with K(d) values of 6 and 27 μM, respectively, whereas T(SH)(2) bound more tightly in a 1:1 ratio with a K(d) value of 430 nM. Overexpression of trypanothione synthetase in T. brucei decreased sensitivity to PMX464 indicating that the key metabolite T(SH)(2) is a target for quinols. Thus, the quinol pharmacophore represents a novel lead structure for the development of a new drug against African sleeping sickness.
Magnetic element modeling tool (MEMT) from POWERCAD ESPRIT project (2002)

This paper describes part of the technical content and exploitation of results of POWERCAD Esprit (6484) project. Namely, the activities carried out by the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid regarding modeling of high frequency magnetic components for power applications and the cooperation with Alcatel SESA and Anacad are described.
Hypoxia-associated factor expression in low-grade and anaplastic gliomas: a marker of poor outcome (2016)

// Aur&eacute;lie Tchoghandjian 1, 2 , Mei Y. Koh 3 , David Taieb 1, 2, 4 , Sara Ganaha 6 , Garth Powis 3 , Emilie Bialecki 5 , No&euml;l Graziani 5 , Dominique Figarella-Branger 1, 2, 6 , Philippe Metellus 2, 5 1 Aix-Marseille Universit&eacute;, Facult&eacute; de M&eacute;decine, Marseille, 13385 Cedex 05, France 2 INSERM, UMR 911, CRO2, Facult&eacute; de M&eacute;decine, Marseille, 13385 Cedex 05, France 3 Sanford-Burham Medical Research Institute, Basic Laboratory Cancer Center, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA 4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-H&ocirc;pitaux de Marseille, H&ocirc;pital de la Timone, Marseille, 13385 Cedex 05, France 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Clairval, Ramsay Generale de Sante, Marseille, 13009, France 6 Department of Neuropathology, Assistance Publique-H&ocirc;pitaux de Marseille, H&ocirc;pital de la Timone, Marseille, 13385 Cedex 05, France Correspondence to: Philippe Metellus, e-mail: Philippe.metellus@outlook.fr Keywords: low-grade gliomas, anaplastic gliomas, isocytrate deshydrogenase (IDH), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), hypoxia-associated factor (HAF) Received: September 10, 2015&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; Accepted: February 20, 2016&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; Published: March 14, 2016 ABSTRACT Somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes have recently been identified in a large proportion of glial tumors of the CNS and reported to be a strong prognostic factor in gliomas whatever the tumor grade. Few data are available in the literature regarding the relationship between IDH mutations and HIF expression in low-grade gliomas (LGGs), especially in a recently described aggressive molecular subtype: &ldquo;triple negative&rdquo; (IDH non mutated, 1p 19q non codeleted, p53 expression negative) gliomas. We analyzed clinical, radiological and molecular features of a series of 31 grade II/III gliomas. p53 expression, 1p19q deletion and IDH mutation status were provided for all tumors. Also HIF (hypoxia inducible factor)-1&alpha;, HIF-2&alpha;, HAF, Sox2 (SRY(Sex determining region Y)-box2) and OCT (octamer binding factor) 3/4 expressions were analyzed. We found positive HIF-2&alpha; staining in 38.7% of cases which was uncorrelated to HIF-1&alpha; expression or IDH1/2 mutation status. However, HIF-2&alpha; staining was significantly associated with HAF expression, a stem-like cell marker, in the whole population. HAF expression was present in 74.2% of cases and significantly correlated to Sox2 expression. Furthermore, HAF expression was significantly associated with the &ldquo;triple negative&rdquo; glioma phenotype. We provide here first evidence that HAF, a stem-like cell marker, expression is highly correlated to the triple negative aggressive LGG/AG molecular phenotype suggesting that these tumours might arise from cells of different origin.
Impact of Control-Surface Flexibility on the Dynamic Response of Flexible Aircraft (2020)

Significant flexibility in aircraft wings may reduce aileron effectiveness and degrade roll maneuverability. This paper investigates the impact of aileron flexibility on the dynamic response of a generic transport aircraft in free flight. To this purpose, the University of Michigan’s Nonlinear Aeroelastic Simulation Toolbox (UM/NAST) is extended to model control surfaces as fully flexible, geometrically nonlinear beam-type members. A roll maneuver is simulated with and without considering aileron flexibility, showing that it impacts the aircraft response by leading to smaller roll angles developed in time for given aileron inputs.
Use of recLABs: Good Bugs to Deliver Molecules of Health Interest. From Mouse To Man (2015)

Containing 33 chapters the book is an invaluable source of information and essential reading for everyone working with probiotics, prebiotics and the gut microbiotflora. Topics range from the different microorganisms used as probiotics (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, yeast, etc) and techniques and approaches used (metagenomics, etc) to the reviews of the clinical and medical aspects.
Roton-Rotation Coupling of Acetylene in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:math> (2004)

Rotational absorption spectra of acetylene in superfluid 4He calculated using a path-integral correlation function approach are seen to result in an anomalously large distortion constant in addition to a reduced rotational constant, with values in excellent agreement with recent experiments. Semianalytic treatment of the dynamics with a combined correlated basis function-diffusion Monte Carlo method reveals that this anomalous behavior is due to strong coupling of the higher rotational states of the molecule with the roton and maxon excitations of 4He, and the associated divergence of the 4He density of states in this region.
Protection against photodynamic therapy (PDT)‐induced photosensitivity by fabric materials (1998)

"Special" highly protective fabrics are now available that offer broad-spectrum protection in preventing sunburn, and possibly other types of photodamage. It is important to know to what extent these fabrics are capable of protecting the wearer against skin cancer, photosensitivity disorders, and inadvertent phototoxic reactions from photodynamic therapy (PDT). We assess the ability of one such special (Solumbra) fabric and one "typical" summer fabric to provide protection against PDT phototoxicity produced in tape-stripped Sk-1 hairless mice by topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and (primarily) visible light (360-800 nm). Since ALA-derived photosensitizers absorb most of the visible spectrum, results from these studies give a good indication of the photoprotective capability of these fabrics throughout this region. Mice were irradiated dorsally with a Kodak slide projector equipped with a 300 W tungsten-halogen lamp (I0 = 48.3 mW/cm2). After determining the minimal phototoxic dose (MPD) to be 1.40 +/- 0.4 J/cm2, we irradiated the tape-stripped ALA-sensitized mice through the stretched test fabrics with appropriate multiples of the MPD. The special fabric provided protection against 25-30 MPD visible light between 360-800 nm in 14/14 mice. The typical fabric failed to provide protection against 2.5 MPD of the same spectrum. No phototoxic or other adverse responses were seen with either the ALA or light control. In conclusion, the Solumbra fabric is much more protective against ALA photosensitization than the typical fabric. Both appear better at blocking UV than visible light.
Patent Reviews: 4,991,926; 4,997,245; 4,997,246; 4,997,249; 4,998,791; 4,998,794; 5,000,531; 5,005,927; 5,007,065; 5,007,694; 5,009,502; 5,011,250 (1992)

The patent number, date of issuance by the U.S. Patent Office, and classification are shown on the first line. The filing date is that of the first application (although some patents may derive from earlier applications with earlier claim dates). Any opinions expressed are those of the reviewers and do not reflect the opinions of the organizations with which they are associated, the Optical Society of America, or this journal. Printed copies of these patents may be ordered from the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, DC 20231: telephone (703) 557-3158, URL http://patents.uspto.gov. Inquiries about patents should be addressed to the Patents Office, not to this journal or to OSA.
Optical biomarkers for breast cancer derived from dynamic diffuse optical tomography (2013)

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a noninvasive, nonionizing imaging modality that uses near-infrared light to visualize optically relevant chromophores. A recently developed dynamic DOT imaging system enables the study of hemodynamic effects in the breast during a breath-hold. Dynamic DOT imaging was performed in a total of 21 subjects (age 54±10 years) including 3 healthy subjects and 18 subjects with benign (n=8) and malignant (n=14) masses. Three-dimensional time-series images of the percentage change in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations ([HbO2] and [Hb]) from baseline are obtained over the course of a breath-hold. At a time point of 15 s following the end of the breath-hold, [Hb] in healthy breasts has returned to near-baseline values (1.6%±0.5%), while tumor-bearing breasts have increased levels of [Hb] (6.8%±3.6%, p<0.01). Further, healthy subjects have a higher correlation between the breasts over the course of the breath-hold as compared with the subjects with breast cancer (healthy: 0.96±0.02; benign: 0.89±0.02; malignant: 0.78±0.23, p<0.05). Therefore this study shows that dynamic features extracted from DOT measurements can differentiate healthy and diseased breast tissues. These features provide a physiologic method for identifying breast cancer without the need for ionizing radiation.
Non-right-handedness and Free Serum Testosterone Levels in Detoxified Patients with Alcohol Dependence (2010)

An alteration of hemispheric dominance and thus an exogenously modifiable neuronal plasticity may be demonstrated directly on a population at risk.
Supplementary Methods, Tables 1-4, Figures 1-11 from Monofunctional Platinum–DNA Adducts Are Strong Inhibitors of Transcription and Substrates for Nucleotide Excision Repair in Live Mammalian Cells (2023)

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Structure–activity relationships of dynorphin analogs substituted in positions 2 and 3 (2003)

Following up on the observation that the dynorphin analog [Pro(3)]Dyn A(1-11)-NH(2) 2 possesses high affinity and selectivity for the kappa opioid receptor, a number of related peptides were prepared and characterized by radioligand binding and [(35)S]GTPgammaS assays. While incorporation of 2-azetidine carboxylic acid in position 3 led to the equally potent analog 3, the corresponding analog containing piperidine-2-carboxylic acid showed a nearly 90-fold reduction in kappa affinity. Differential preferred bond angles phi in the three building blocks might account for these observations. Compounds 2 and 3 were kappa antagonists with IC(50) values of 380 and 350 nM, respectively. The Sar(3) analog 7 and the Sar(2) analog 8 were kappa agonists, with greater selectivity than Dyn A(1-11)-NH(2) 1. In view of their high kappa affinities (8: K(i) = 1.5 nM; 2: K(i) = 2.4 nM), the new analogs were surprisingly weak kappa agonists or antagonists, e.g., the EC(50) value for the agonist 8 was 280 nM. Different kappa receptor subtypes in binding vs functional assays can not account for these results, since both assays were performed using the same membrane preparation.
Development of a Time Synchronized CW-Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurement for Quasi-Periodic Oscillatory Plasma Discharges (2012)

Abstract : An advanced CW laser induced fluorescence diagnostic technique, capable of correlating high frequency current fluctuations to the resulting fluorescence excitation lineshapes, has been developed. This presentation describes this so-called Sample-Hold'' method of time-synchronization, and provides the steps taken to validate this technique, including simulations and experimental measurements on a 60 Hz Xe lamp discharge. Initial results for time-synchronized velocity measurements on the quasi-periodic oscillatory mode of a magnetic cusped plasma accelerator are also presented. These results show that the positions of the ionization and peak acceleration regions in the device vary over the course of a discharge current oscillation.
GEM: A Gaussian evolutionary method for predicting protein side‐chain conformations (2002)

We have developed an evolutionary approach to predicting protein side-chain conformations. This approach, referred to as the Gaussian Evolutionary Method (GEM), combines both discrete and continuous global search mechanisms. The former helps speed up convergence by reducing the size of rotamer space, whereas the latter, integrating decreasing-based Gaussian mutations and self-adaptive Gaussian mutations, continuously adapts dihedrals to optimal conformations. We tested our approach on 38 proteins ranging in size from 46 to 325 residues and showed that the results were comparable to those using other methods. The average accuracies of our predictions were 80% for chi(1), 66% for chi(1 + 2), and 1.36 A for the root mean square deviation of side-chain positions. We found that if our scoring function was perfect, the prediction accuracy was also essentially perfect. However, perfect prediction could not be achieved if only a discrete search mechanism was applied. These results suggest that GEM is robust and can be used to examine the factors limiting the accuracy of protein side-chain prediction methods. Furthermore, it can be used to systematically evaluate and thus improve scoring functions.
Open Packet Processor: a programmable architecture for wire speed platform-independent stateful in-network processing (2016)

This paper aims at contributing to the ongoing debate on how to bring programmability of stateful packet processing tasks inside the network switches, while retaining platform independency. Our proposed approach, named "Open Packet Processor" (OPP), shows the viability (via an hardware prototype relying on commodity HW technologies and operating in a strictly bounded number of clock cycles) of eXtended Finite State Machines (XFSM) as low-level data plane programming abstraction. With the help of examples, including a token bucket and a C4.5 traffic classifier based on a binary tree, we show the ability of OPP to support stateful operation and flow-level feature tracking. Platform independence is accomplished by decoupling the implementation of hardware primitives (registries, conditions, update instructions, forwarding actions, matching facilities) from their usage by an application formally described via an abstract XFSM. We finally discuss limitations and extensions.
A behavioral SPICE compatible model of an electrodeless fluorescent lamp (2003)

A behavioral, SPICE compatible, model was developed for an electrodeless fluorescent lamp (OSRAM SYLVANIA ICETRON/ENDURA 150W). The model emulates the static and dynamic behavior of the lamp when driven at high frequency. The model was tested under various experimental conditions: at steady state for different power levels, with an AM modulated drive, and under transient changes. Good agreement was found between the simulation runs and experimental results. However, the effect of temperature on the lamp's behavior may require a tighter fit of the model to the temperature dependence in cases where large changes in operating condition need to be simulated.
Stereoselective Synthesis of <i>Unnatural</i> 6α-<i>trans</i>-2-Oxaisochephams and Δ<sup>1(6)</sup>-2-Oxaisocephems (1997)

Several 4β-acetyl-3β-ethyl-N-substituted 2-azetidinones have been synthesized by the Staudinger reaction with D-glucosamine as chiral auxiliary. Attempts to perform an intramolecular cyclisation between the C-4 and N-substituents under ionic conditions at low temperature failed, but a room temperature (thermodynamic control) the bicyclic β-lactams 4-(1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-1,2,3,4-arabino-tetrahydroxybutyl)-7β-ethyl-1-methylene-6α-2-oxaisocepham and the Δ1(6) isomer were obtained.
Haptens (2001)

Abstract A hapten is a chemical substance with a well‐defined stereochemical configuration that can bind to specific antibodies but is unable to elicit detectable immune responses unless it is coupled chemically to an immunogenic carrier molecule. Hapten studies have led the way to our contemporary understanding of numerous fundamental mechanisms in molecular and cellular immunology.
Direct Evidence for Ethanol Dissociation on Rutile<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>TiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>110</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> (2011)

We have studied the interaction of ethanol with reduced TiO(2)(110)-(1 × 1) by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and density functional theory calculations. The STM data revealed direct evidence for the coexistence of molecularly and dissociatively adsorbed ethanol species on surface Ti sites. In addition, we found evidence for dissociation of ethanol at bridge-bonded O vacancies. The density functional theory calculations support these findings and rationalize the distinct diffusion behaviors of molecularly and dissociatively adsorbed ethanol species, as revealed in time-lapsed STM images.
Effects of styrene‐isoprene copolymer glass fiber coatings on woven glass cloth epoxy composite performance (2004)

Abstract Woven glass‐epoxy composites were prepared from mats that had been treated in a variety of ways. Fibers were coated with a commercial sizing, no sizing, and a surfactant coating. In addition, fibers were coated with styrene‐isoprene copolymers at varying molar ratios using a novel technique termed admicellar polymerization. Dynamic contact angle measurements were used to quantify the effect of the different coating techniques on the fiber, while dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and flexural testing were used to characterize the cured composites. Wetting studies conducted with EPON 828 resin revealed no difference in wetting for the polymer‐treated fiber compared to the commercially‐treated fiber. Aqueous wetting results were consistent with a surfactant layer adsorbed on the polymer treated and surfactant treated fiber surface. DMA established that both the polymer and surfactant treatment depressed the alpha transition temperature of the composite and suggested an interpenetrating network existed at the fiber‐matrix interface. Flexural strength testing showed the properties of the composites made from surfactant‐treated and polymer‐treated glass fibers were comparable to composites made from commercially‐sized fibers and exceeded the flexural strength of the composite made from glass fibers without sizing.