gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AURA (2018)

We present a concept of AURA, an urban personal projection to initiate the communication. In this work, we focus on how to break the ice with strangers through technology in urban public space. The Aura, as an enliven spiritual pet, floats around user's feet. We introduce a simple interaction scenario, attracting a person who comes within personal distance of the user who carries the AURA. To break the ice between strangers, a projected butterfly as the Aura is moved toward a person who comes within 2m of the user, and then back and forth to attract that person. We believe that externalized interactive representation of the user in the form of a spiritual pet can ease and facilitate the communication, serve as a conversation starter, and make the interactions between people more fun.
Motion Guidance for a Passive Robot Walking Helper via User's Applied Hand Forces (2016)

As the elderly population is rapidly growing in our society, robot walking helpers are receiving more attention these days. To be practical and safe for use in daily life, an important issue is whether these robot walking helpers can be effectively maneuvered and provide guidance to the users. These concerns become even more important for a passive robot walking helper, as it relies mainly on the user's applied forces to move. In this paper, we propose a motion guidance system for a passive robot walking helper. More specifically, we develop a system to identify user's intentions from applied grip forces. This system consists of a pair of force-sensing grips attached to the handles of the robot walking helper and a learning scheme for the mapping between the measured grip forces and the driving force/torque imposed on the helper. The learning scheme, combined with an assistive strategy extended from our previous work, provides motion guidance to the elders during walking. The feasibility of the proposed system is demonstrated via a series of experiments involving motion assistance with i-Go, a passive robot walking helper developed in our laboratory.
Blur Processing with Double Discrete Wavelet Transform (2013)

We propose a notion of double discrete wavelet transform (DDWT) that is designed to sparsify the blurred image and the blur kernel simultaneously. DDWT greatly enhances our ability to analyze, detect, and process blur kernels and blurry images, and we present example applications in blur kernel estimation, deblurring, and near-blur-invariant image feature extraction.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Training Programs in Reducing the Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes (2014)

Neuromuscular training programs may be a useful adjunct to training, but current literature precludes our universal recommendation of them.
Scaling up of continuous-flow, microwave-assisted, organic reactions by varying the size of Pd-functionalized catalytic monoliths (2011)

A product-scalable, catalytically mediated flow system has been developed to perform Suzuki-Miyaura reactions under a microwave heating regime, in which the volumetric throughput of a Pd-supported silica monolith can be used to increase the quantity of the product without changing the optimal operating conditions. Two silica monoliths (both 3 cm long), with comparable pore diameters and surface areas, were fabricated with diameters of 3.2 and 6.4 mm to give volumetric capacities of 0.205 and 0.790 mL, respectively. The two monoliths were functionalized with a loading of 4.5 wt % Pd and then sealed in heat-shrinkable Teflon(®) tubing to form a monolithic flow reactor. The Pd-supported silica monolith flow reactor was then placed into the microwave cavity and connected to an HPLC pump and a backpressure regulator to minimize the formation of gas bubbles. The flow rate and microwave power were varied to optimize the reactant contact time and temperature, respectively. Under optimal reaction conditions the quantity of product could be increased from 31 mg per hour to 340 mg per hour simply by changing the volumetric capacity of the monolith.
Enhanced spatial and depth resolution of pulsed thermographic images (2001)

Advances in evaluating pulse thermography data were achieved by applying traditional and advanced data processing techniques. The pulsed thermographic images acquired under less than ideal situations are enhanced to improve visualization for inspector evaluation through traditional spatial filtering techniques. A more advanced inverse filtering technique was developed to improve spatial resolution that employs a Thermal Modulation Transfer Function (TMTF) model to construct a thermal inverse filter. The filter reduces the blurring due to lateral diffusion in images of subsurface targets. Examples of traditional and the advanced filtering on composite and metal sample data are presented.
Optimizing the Integration of Immunoreagents and Fluorescent Probes for Multiplexed High Content Screening Assays (2006)

Immunoreagents formed the basis of early fixed end point high content screening (HCS) assays and their use in HCS applications in drug discovery will continue to increase. One important application of immunoreagents is their incorporation into multiplexed HCS assays in which multiple physiological features are simultaneously measured and related in the same cells. However, creating multiplexed HCS assays that incorporate multiple immunoreagents presents issues such as reagent compatibility, spectral signal overlap, and reproducibility that must be addressed. Here, an example multiplexed fixed end point HCS assay is used to guide potential assay developers on how to optimize complex, yet cellular information rich, multiplexed HCS assays although avoiding some common pitfalls.
Thermal decomposition of sputtered thin PtOx layers used in super-resolution optical disks (2005)

Decomposition of sputtered PtOx layers has been studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. X-ray absorption fine structure measurements demonstrated that as-deposited films possess a composition of PtOx (x=1.1–1.7). Upon annealing, the metallic platinum phase is formed. The formation of the metallic Pt phase starts at very early stages of the decomposition process. The decomposition is not monotonic and slows down at the final stage. The structure at intermediate stages of decomposition is a mixture of the starting phase and metallic Pt.
Transformation of characteristic functionals through imaging systems (2002)

We describe how to transfer the characteristic functional of an object model through a noisy, discrete imaging system to arrive at the characteristic function of the images. Our method can also incorporate linear post-processing of the images.
Buffer sizing for minimum energy-delay product by using an approximating polynomial (2003)

This paper first presents an accurate and efficient method of estimating the short circuit energy dissipation and the output transition time of CMOS buffers. Next, the paper describes a sizing method for tapered buffer chains. It is shown that the first-order sizing behavior, which considers only the capacitive energy dissipation, can be improved by considering the short-circuit dissipation as well, and that the second-order polynomial expressions for short-circuit energy improves the accuracy over linear expressions. These results are used to derive sizing rules for buffered chains, which optimize the overall energy-delay product.
ACRIN 6695 perfusion CT as prognostic imaging biomarker in ovarian cancer. (2012)

TPS5114 Background: Tumor size and the cell surface glycoprotein CA125 levels have been traditional biomarkers for ovarian carcinoma, but remain suboptimal for assessing patients receiving chemotherapy. Current morphological criteria do not adequately evaluate lesion necrosis from anti-angiogenic therapy when no tumor volume change is measured. The evaluation of functional biomarkers rather than tumor volume may better distinguish responders from non-responders early in treatment with anti-angiogenic therapy. Perfusion CT can evaluate changes in tumor vascularity including blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT) and capillary permeability surface product (PS) before and after anti-angiogenic therapy with/out decrease in tumor volume. Objectives: The aims of the study are to evaluate the relationship between changes in tumor perfusion parameters and clinical outcomes of progression free survival, overall survival, and standard RECIST anatomic response criteria. A test-retest perfusion CT scan will also be performed to evaluate reproducibility of perfusion parameters in a subset of participants. Methods: In this collaborative trial, participants will be co-enrolled in the GOG-262 treatment trial. Participants will receive doublet chemotherapy of paclitaxel and carboplatin, followed by anti-angiogenic monoclonal therapy at cycle two. Perfusion CT will be performed at three time points: at baseline prior to therapy (T0), between days 18 and 21 of cycle one chemotherapy (T1), and at 8-10 days (T2) in anti-angiogenic monoclonal therapy. Participants with primary epithelial ovarian, peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer with optimally or suboptimally debulked FIGO Stage II, III or IV disease are eligible for the trial. Lesion eligibility will be evaluated by size and attenuation criteria. Accrual: ACRIN 6695 is activated at 12 GOG sites; 4/78 participants have accrued Discussion: Perfusion CT has been readily incorporated into the pre-existing clinical CT protocols and during scheduled RECIST scans. These perfusion CT functional maps of BF, BV, MTT and PS have been generated using vendor provided software without issue. Contact: Please contact Chaan Ng, MD cng@mdanderson.org for additional information.
“Graft-to” Protein/Polymer Conjugates Using Polynorbornene Block Copolymers (2016)

A series of water-soluble polynorbornene block copolymers prepared via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) were grafted to proteins to form ROMP-derived bioconjugates. ROMP afforded low-dispersity polymers and allowed for strict control over polymer molecular weight and architecture. The polymers consisted of a large block of PEGylated monoester norbornene and were capped with a short block of norbornene dicarboxylic anhydride. This cap served as a reactive linker that facilitated attachment of the polymer to lysine residues under mildly alkaline conditions. The generality of this approach was shown by synthesizing multivalent polynorbornene-modified viral nanoparticles derived from bacteriophage Qβ, a protein nanoparticle used extensively for nanomedicine. The conjugated nanoparticles showed no cytotoxicity to NIH 3T3 murine fibroblast cells. These findings establish protein bioconjugation with functionalized polynorbornenes as an effective alternative to conventional protein/polymer modification strategies and further expand the toolbox for protein bioconjugates.
Acute and intermediate‐term procedural results using cypher stenting to treat multi‐vessel coronary artery disease (2005)

Multi-vessel stenting using Cypher stents is a viable treatment strategy in selected group of patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease. It is associated with excellent intermediate-term clinical outcomes and thus it could serve as the primary revascularization strategy of choice in appropriate candidates.
Experimental investigation of circular Bragg phenomenon exhibited by a mirror-backed chiral sculptured thin film (2015)

Experimentation with obliquely incident light established that all four circular reflectances of a chiral sculptured thin film backed by a metallic mirror contain strong evidence of the circular Bragg phenomenon. When the mirror is removed, strong evidence of that phenomenon is found only in the spectrum of the copolarized and cohanded reflectance.
Using High-Density MEAs For High-Throughput Retinal Ganglion Cell Type Classification (2016)

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Effect of Round Window Reinforcement on Hearing (2016)

Our results seem to suggest a modest, clinically negligible effect of reinforcement with perichondrium. Placing cartilage on the round window resulted in a graded effect on stapes velocities in keeping with the increased stiffness of cartilage compared with perichondrium. Even so, the effect was relatively small.
Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow and CO <sub>2</sub> Reactivity after Controlled Cortical Impact by Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Arterial Spin-Labeling in Rats (1997)

We measured CBF and CO 2 reactivity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) produced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spin-labeled carotid artery water protons as an endogenous tracer. Fourteen Sprague-Dawley rats divided into TBI (CCI; 4.02 ± 0.14 m/s velocity; 2.5 mm deformation), sham, and control groups were studied 24 hours after TBI or surgery. Perfusion maps were generated during normocarbia (Paco 2 30 to 40 mm Hg) and hypocarbia (Paco 2 15 to 25 mm Hg). During normocarbia, CBF was reduced within a cortical region of interest (ROI, injured versus contralateral) after TBI (200 ± 82 versus 296 ± 65 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 , P &lt; 0.05). Within a contusion-enriched ROI, CBF was reduced after TBI (142 ± 73 versus 280 ± 64 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 P &lt; 0.05). Cerebral blood flow in the sham group was modestly reduced (212 ± 112 versus 262 ± 118 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 , P &lt; 0.05). Also, TBI widened the distribution of CBF in injured and contralateral cortex. Hypocarbia reduced cortical CBF in control (48%), sham (45%), and TBI rats (48%) versus normocarbia, P &lt; 0.05. In the contusion-enriched ROI, only controls showed a significant reduction in CBF, suggesting blunted CO 2 reactivity in the sham and TBI group. CO 2 reactivity was reduced in the sham (13%) and TBI (30%) groups within the cortical ROI (versus contralateral cortex). These values were increased twofold within the contusion-enriched ROI but were not statistically significant. After TBI, hypocarbia narrowed the CBF distribution in the injured cortex. We conclude that perfusion MRI using arterial spin-labeling is feasible for the serial, noninvasive measurement of CBF and CO 2 reactivity in rats.
The Decline of Pertussis-Specific Antibodies After Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Immunization in Late Pregnancy (2015)

We prospectively measured pertussis-specific antibodies 9-15 months after delivery in women immunized with tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) after the 20th week of their recent pregnancy. The Tdap-immunized women (n = 38) exhibited a decline in geometric mean concentrations between their peripartum and follow-up levels for immunoglobulin G to pertussis toxin (21.48 [95% confidence interval, 12.51-36.89] vs 11.72 [7.09-19.37] IU/mL];); filamentous hemagglutinin (185.95 [157.93-218.94] vs 140.33 IU/mL [113.46-173.57] IU/mL); and pertactin (171.52 [120.73-243.67] vs 83.74 [60.58-115.75] IU/mL) (all P < .001). For women immunized with Tdap during late pregnancy, pertussis-specific immunoglobulin G levels decreased significantly 9-15 months after delivery.
Reaction of Factor VIIa (VIIa) with Plasma Inhibitors Ex Vivo and In Vivo. (2006)

Abstract Activated proteases are typically short-lived in the circulation where they react with plasma inhibitors and are removed as complexes by scavenger receptors. In contrast VIIa is characterized by a relatively long in vivo clearance half-life of 2–3 hr. Free VIIa exists in a latent state that is fully activated only upon binding to tissue factor (TF). Ex vivo VIIa is described to react predominantly with anti-thrombin (AT) in a slow reaction enhanced by heparin and by TF. Free VIIa is assumed to be rather inert towards plasma inhibitors also in vivo, and this may account for its slow clearance. Still it is not known whether the reaction with AT or other plasma inhibitors is an obligatory step in the in vivo clearance of VIIa. To clarify this question we studied the interaction between VIIa and plasma inhibitors in human and murine serum and plasma, and also studied this interaction during in vivo clearance of VIIa in mice. The VIIa-inhibitor complexes formed after spiking of serum with VIIa for 24 h were purified by affinity chromatography and subjected to SDS-PAGE and characterized by MALDI analysis. In the absence of heparin we identified VIIa complexes with alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M), AT, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor with the complex with alpha 2M as the most prominent component, whereas the AT complex was pre-dominant in the presence of heparin. The interaction between VIIa and plasma inhibitors might be differently affected by contact with the vasculature in the circulation. We therefore next studied VIIa complex formation in vivo in mice after i.v. injection of 125I-VIIa. Complex formation was followed by SDS PAGE and autoradiography, and clearance was followed by measurements of the VII antigen level. The data suggest that alpha 2M and AT complexes are formed in vivo, however, without affecting VIIa antigen clearance. This was confirmed by studies of in vivo clearance of VIIa or a preformed VIIa-AT complex. Measurements of VIIa clot activity, and of VII- and VIIa-AT antigen concentrations suggestedthat in vivo clearance of VIIa from circulation does not include complex formation with a plasma inhibitor as an obligatory intermediate,that the VIIa-AT complex is cleared with the same rate as VIIa andthat a transient VIIa-AT complex is formed subsequent to VIIa bolus injection which may account for a faster clearance of VIIa when measured by clot activity relative to VII clearance when this is measured by antigen concentration.
Reduction of Uranium(VI) by Soluble Iron(II) Conforms with Thermodynamic Predictions (2011)

Soluble Fe(II) can reduce soluble U(VI) at rapid rates and in accordance with thermodynamic predictions. This was established by initially creating acidic aqueous solutions in which the sole oxidants were soluble U(VI) species and the sole reductants were soluble Fe(II) species. The pH of the solution was then increased by stepwise addition of OH(-), thereby increasing the potential for electron transfer from Fe(II) to U(VI). For each new pH value resulting from addition of base, values of ΔG for the Fe(II)-mediated reduction of U(VI) were calculated using the computed distribution of U and Fe species and possible half reaction combinations. For initial conditions of pH 2.4 and a molar ratio of Fe(II) to U(VI) of 5:1 (1 mM Fe(II) and 0.2 mM U(VI)), ΔG for U(VI) reduction was greater than zero, and U(VI) reduction was not observed. When sufficient OH(-) was added to exceed the computed equilibrium pH of 5.4, ΔG for U(VI) reduction was negative and soluble Fe(II) species reacted with U(VI) in a molar ratio of ∼2:1. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy confirmed production of U(IV). A decrease in pH confirmed production of acidity as the reaction advanced. As solution pH decreased to the equilibrium value, the rate of reaction declined, stopping completely at the predicted equilibrium pH. Initiation of the reaction at a higher pH resulted in a higher final ratio of U(IV) to U(VI) at equilibrium.
Membrane Cholesterol Content Accounts for Developmental Differences inSurface B Cell Receptor Compartmentalization andSignaling (2005)

Recent studies argue for an important role for cholesterol in maintaining plasma membrane heterogeneity and influencing a variety of cellular processes, including signaling, adhesion, and permeability. Here, we document that tolerance-sensitive transitional immature B cells maintain significantly lower membrane unesterified cholesterol levels than mature-stage splenic B cells. In addition, the relatively low level of cholesterol in transitional immature B cells impairs compartmentalization of their B cell receptor (BCR) into cholesterol-enriched domains following BCR aggregation and reduces their ability to sustain certain aspects of BCR signaling as compared with mature B cells. These studies establish an unexpected difference in the lipid composition of peripheral transitional immature and mature B cells and point to a determining role for development-associated differences in cholesterol content for the differential responses of these B cells to BCR engagement.
Atomically Unveiling an Atlas of Polytypes in Transition-Metal Trihalides (2023)

Transition-metal trihalides MX<sub>3</sub> (M = Cr, Ru; X = Cl, Br, and I) belong to a family of novel two-dimensional (2D) magnets that can exhibit topological magnons and electromagnetic properties, thus affording great promises in next-generation spintronic devices. Rich magnetic ground states observed in the MX<sub>3</sub> family are believed to be strongly correlated to the signature Kagome lattice and interlayer van der Waals coupling raised from distinct stacking orders. However, the intrinsic air instability of MX<sub>3</sub> makes their direct atomic-scale analysis challenging. Therefore, information on the stacking-registry-dependent magnetism for MX<sub>3</sub> remains elusive, which greatly hinders the engineering of desired phases. Here, we report a nondestructive transfer method and successfully realize an intact transfer of bilayer MX<sub>3</sub>, as evidenced by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). After surveying hundreds of MX<sub>3</sub> thin flakes, we provide a full spectrum of stacking orders in MX<sub>3</sub> with atomic precision and calculated their associated magnetic ground states, unveiled by combined STEM and density functional theory (DFT). In addition to well-documented phases, we discover a new monoclinic <i>C</i>2/<i>c</i> phase in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure widely existing in MX<sub>3</sub>. Rich stacking polytypes, including <i>C</i>2/<i>c</i>, <i>C</i>2/<i>m</i>, <i>R</i>3̅, <i>P</i>3<sub>1</sub>12, <i>etc.</i>, provide rich and distinct magnetic ground states in MX<sub>3</sub>. Besides, a high density of strain soliton boundaries is consistently found in all MX<sub>3</sub>, combined with likely inverted structures, allowing AFM to ferromagnetic (FM) transitions in most MX<sub>3</sub>. Therefore, our study sheds light on the structural basis of diverse magnetic orders in MX<sub>3</sub>, paving the way for modulating magnetic couplings <i>via</i> stacking engineering.