gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Coherence in Auditory Cortical Activity Fluctuations (2007)

We examined activity fluctuations as ongoing and spontaneous activities that were recorded with voltage sensitive dye imaging in the auditory cortex of guinea pigs. We investigated whether such activities demonstrated spatial coherence, which represents the cortical functional organization. We used independent component analysis to extract neural activities from observed signals and a scaled signal‐plus‐noise model to estimate ongoing activities from the neural activities including response components. We mapped the correlation between the time courses in each channel and in the others for the whole observed region. Ongoing and spontaneous activities in the auditory cortex were found to have strong spatial coherence corresponding to the tonotopy, which is one of auditory functional organization.
Cdc20: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment (2013)

The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) has been characterized to play pivotal roles in regulating the timely cell cycle progression by forming two functionally distinct E3 ubiquitin ligase sub-complexes, APC(Cdc20) and APC(Cdh1). Interestingly, recent studies have shown that Cdh1 is functioning as a tumor suppressor whereas Cdc20 may function as an oncoprotein to promote the development and progression of human cancers. In this review, we will discuss the physiological role of Cdc20 and its downstream substrates in vitro and in the transgenic mouse model reminiscent of the pathogenesis of human cancers. Furthermore, we summarize recent findings to indicate that Cdc20 may represent a promising therapeutic target, thus development of Cdc20 inhibitors could be useful for achieving better treatment outcome of cancer patients.
Building a task language for segmentation and recognition of user input to cooperative manipulation systems (2003)

We present the results of using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for automatic segmentation and recognition of user motions. Previous work on recognition of user intent with man/machine interfaces has used task-level HMMs with a single hidden state for each sub-task. In contrast, many speech recognition systems employ HMMs at the phoneme level, and use a network of HMMs to model words. We analogously make use of multi-state, continuous HMMs to model action at the "gesteme" level, and a network of HMMs to describe a task or activity. As a result, we are able to create a "task language" that is used to model and segment two different tasks performed with a human-machine cooperative manipulation system. Tests were performed using force and position data recorded from an instrument held simultaneously by a robot and human operator. Experimental results show a recognition accuracy exceeding 85%. The resulting information could be used for intelligent command of virtual and teleoperated environments, and implementation of contextually appropriate virtual fixtures for dynamic operator assistance while executing complex tasks.
Spontaneous lateral alignment of In0.25Ga0.75As self-assembled quantum dots on (311)B GaAs grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (1997)

Spontaneous lateral alignment was observed in InGaAs quantum dots formed by self-assembly on (311)B GaAs by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The alignment occurred in a direction inclined about 60° from the [011] direction on a (3-11) [(311)B] surface. A typical base diameter of the dots was about 120±10 nm. The heights varied from 3 to 13 nm as the nominal thickness of the InGaAs layer increased from 4 to 8 nm. The formation mechanism for the alignment is studied based on the growth thickness dependence of the dot structures. A photoluminescence linewidth of 24 meV was obtained from 9 nm high dots at 77 K, indicating the formation of a uniform dot structure.
Using Cognitive Interviewing and Behavioral Coding to Determine Measurement Equivalence across Linguistic and Cultural Groups (2011)

The present study aimed to examine and compare results from two questionnaire pretesting methods (i.e., behavioral coding and cognitive interviewing) in order to assess systematic measurement bias in survey questions for adult smokers across six countries (USA, Australia, Uruguay, Mexico, Malaysia and Thailand). Protocol development and translation involved multiple bilingual partners in each linguistic/cultural group. The study was conducted with convenience samples of 20 adult smokers in each country. Behavioral coding and cognitive interviewing methods produced similar conclusions regarding measurement bias for some questions; however, cognitive interviewing was more likely to identify potential response errors than behavioral coding. Coordinated survey qualitative pretesting (or post-survey evaluation) is feasible across cultural groups, and can provide important information on comprehension and comparability. Cognitive interviewing appears a more robust technique than behavioral coding, although combinations of the two might be even better.
A tumor‐targeting nanomedicine carrying the p53 gene crosses the blood–brain barrier and enhances anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in mouse models of glioblastoma (2019)

Despite its anticipated clinical potential, anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has only yielded poor outcomes in recent clinical trials for glioblastoma patients. Strategies combining anti-PD-1 antibody with other treatment modalities are being explored to alter the immunosuppressive microenvironment that appears to characterize these anti-PD-1-insensitive tumors. Here, we evaluated whether introducing wild-type p53 gene via a tumor-targeting nanomedicine (termed SGT-53) could provide immune stimulation and augment anti-PD-1 therapy in mouse syngeneic GL261 tumor models (either subcutaneous or intracranial). In both models, anti-PD-1 monotherapy had no demonstrable therapeutic effect. However, combining anti-PD-1 with our investigational nanomedicine SGT-53 was very effective in inhibiting tumor growth, inducing tumor cell apoptosis and increasing intratumoral T-cell infiltration. A significant survival benefit was observed in mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma receiving combination treatment. Importantly, SGT-53 upregulated PD-L1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analysis revealed modulation of genes linked to either cancer progression or immune activation after combination treatment. Our data suggest that SGT-53 can boost antitumor immunity and sensitize glioblastoma to anti-PD-1 therapy by converting immunologically "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors. Combining SGT-53 with anti-PD-1 might benefit more patients from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and our data support evaluation of this combination in patients with glioblastoma.
Estimation of plasma fibrinogen levels based on hemoglobin, base excess and Injury Severity Score upon emergency room admission (2013)

Upon ER admission, FIB of major trauma patients shows strong correlation with rapidly obtainable, routine laboratory parameters such as Hb and BE. These two parameters might provide an insightful and rapid tool to identify major trauma patients at risk of acquired hypofibrinogenemia. Early calculation of ISS could further increase the ability to predict FIB in these patients. We propose that FIB can be estimated during the initial phase of trauma care based on bedside tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Doping in Molecular Layer Epitaxy (1989)

Abstract (MLE).
Characterization, Modeling, and Test of Intermediate State Defects in STT-MRAM (2021)

&lt;div&gt;The manufacturing process of STT-MRAM requires unique steps to fabricate and integrate magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices which are data-storing elements. Thus, understanding the defects in MTJs and their faulty behaviors are paramount for developing high-quality test solutions. This article applies the advanced device-aware test to intermediate (IM) state defects in MTJ devices based on silicon measurements and circuit simulations. An IM state manifests itself as an abnormal third resistive state, which differs from the two bi-stable states of MTJ. We performed silicon measurements on MTJ devices with diameter ranging from 60nm to 120nm; the results show that the occurrence probability of IM state strongly depends on the switching direction, device size, and bias voltage. We demonstrate that the conventional resistor- based fault modeling and test approach fails to appropriately model and test such a defect. Therefore, device-aware test is applied. We first physically model the defect and incorporate it into a Verilog-A MTJ compact model and calibrate it with silicon data. Thereafter, this model is used for a systematic fault analysis based on circuit simulations to obtain accurate and realistic faults in a pre-defined fault space. Our simulation results show that an IM state defect leads to intermittent write transition faults. Finally, we propose and implement a device-aware test solution to detect the IM state defect.&lt;/div&gt;
Symmetry properties of an imaging system and consistency conditions in image space (1998)

A general definition for a symmetry group of an imaging system is given. A key requirement is that the operators that represent the symmetries in data space are conformal. The result is that the space of consistency conditions is invariant under the action of the given symmetry group. Via the theory of group representations, this fact provides information about the possible forms that these consistency conditions can take. The theory is illustrated by example for the 2D and 3D Radon transforms, the cone-beam transform on a circular orbit and the 2D attenuated Radon transform.
Spray-Dried Powders Containing Tretinoin-Loaded Engineered Lipid-Core Nanocapsules: Development and Photostability Study (2012)

The influence of the spray-drying process on the ability of engineered lipid-core nanocapsules to protect tretinoin against UV degradation was evaluated. This approach represents a technological alternative to improve the microbiological stability, storage and transport properties of such formulations. Tretinoin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules or tretinoin-loaded nanoemulsion were dispersed in lactose (10% w/v) and fed in the spray-drier to obtain a solid product (spray-dried powder containing tretinoin-loaded nanocapsules or nanoemulsion--SD-TTN-NCL or SD-TTN-NE, respectively). SD-TTN-NE showed a lower (p < or = 0.05) percentage of encapsulation (89 +/- 1%) compared to SD-TTN-NCL (94 +/- 2%). Redispersed SD-TTN-NCL and SD-TTN-NE showed z-average sizes of 204 +/- 2 nm and 251 +/- 9 nm, which were close to those of the original suspensions (220 +/- 3 nm and 239 +/- 14 nm, respectively). Similar percentage of photodegradation were determined for tretinoin loaded in nanocapsules (26.15 +/- 4.34%) or in the respective redispersed spray-dried powder (28.73 +/- 6.19 min) after 60 min of UVA radiation exposure (p > 0.05). Our experimental design showed for the first time that spray-dried lipid-core nanocapsules are able to protect tretinoin against UVA radiation, suggesting that the drying process did not alter the supramolecular structure of the lipid-core nanocapsules. Such powders are potential intermediate products for the development of nanomedicines containing tretinoin.
Utilisation des cycloadditions 2+3 asymetriques en synthese d'antibiotiques de type carbapeneme (1999)

Les carbapenemes, antibiotiques appartenant a la famille des beta-lactamines, presentent un spectre d'action tres etendu incluant les micro-organismes resistants aux penicillines et aux cephalosporines. Nous nous sommes interesses a la synthese de la carpetimycine a et des 1-beta-methyl carbapenemes derives de la thienamycine. Une synthese formelle enantioselective des derives 1-beta-methyl carbapenemes a ete realisee en 10 etapes avec un rendement global de 6%. Nous avons egalement effectue une synthese formelle enantioselective de la carpetimycine a en 10 etapes avec un rendement global de 5,7%. Ces deux syntheses sont basees sur une meme strategie utilisant une reaction de cycloaddition 2+3 asymetrique entre des dipolarophiles tres fonctionnalises et un n-oxyde d'oxazoline chiral derive du (+)-camphre ou du ()-camphre. Les dipolarophiles utilises sont des enaminoesters conjugues obtenus par reaction de blaise sur des nitriles alpha,beta-insatures. La regio et stereoselectivite de la cycloaddition d'une part, et la reduction diastereoselective de la fonction enaminoester d'autre part, permet de controler jusqu'a quatre centres asymetriques contigus. Enfin, un nouvel alkylidene cyclopropane, le cyanomethylenecyclopropane, a ete synthetise. Une etude sur sa reactivite en cycloaddition 2+3 et 2+4 est exposee.
DNA methylation of <i>RASSF1A, HIN‐1, RAR‐β, Cyclin D2</i> and <i>Twist</i> in <i>in situ</i> and invasive lobular breast carcinoma (2003)

Little is known about epigenetic silencing of genes by promoter hypermethylation in lobular breast cancers. The promoter methylation status of 5 cancer-related genes (RASSF1A, HIN-1, RAR-beta, Cyclin D2 and Twist) was evaluated in 2 types of lobular cancers, in situ (LCIS) and invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) (n = 32), and compared to ductal in situ (DCIS) and invasive (IDC) breast cancers (n = 71). By using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), 100% of ILC and 69% of LCIS cases were found to have 1 or more hypermethylated genes among the panel of 5 genes (compared to 100% IDC and 95% of DCIS). Two or more hypermethylated genes were detected per tumor in 79% of invasive and 61% of in situ lobular carcinomas compared to 81% of IDC and 77% of DCIS. By contrast, DNA from nearly all normal reduction mammoplasty tissues (n = 8) was unmethylated for the 5 genes. The methylation profiles of lobular vs. ductal carcinomas with respect to RASSF1A, Cyclin D2, RARbeta, and Hin-1 genes were similar, suggesting that gene silencing by promoter hypermethylation is likely to be important in both groups of diseases. Distinctly different, Twist was hyper- methylated less often in ILC (16%, 3/19 cases) than in IDC (56%, 15/27 cases) (p = 0.01). These results suggest that these 2 types of tumors share many common methylation patterns and some molecular differences. Additional studies might lend further understanding into the etiology and clinical behavior of this tumor type.
Supplementary Figures 1-9 from Integrative Genomics Identified &lt;i&gt;RFC3&lt;/i&gt; As an Amplified Candidate Oncogene in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.6MB&lt;/p&gt;
Increased Activation of L‐Type Voltage‐Dependent Calcium Channels Is Associated with Glycine Enhancement of <i>N</i>‐Methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐Aspartate‐Stimulated Dopamine Release in Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion (1994)

We investigated the relationships among N-methyl-D-aspartate, glycine, L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, and [3H]dopamine release in a canine model of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The binding of [3H]PN200-110 ([3H]isradipine) to L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, that open as a consequence of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced changes in membrane potential, was approximately doubled in striatal membranes prepared from ischemic animals relative to controls, and remained significantly elevated at 30 min and 2 h of reperfusion. These changes coincided temporally with changes in the ability of the voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker nitrendipine to inhibit glycine enhancement of N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated [3H]dopamine release in striatal slices prepared from the same animals. Compared with nonischemic controls, N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated [3H]dopamine release was increased in ischemic animals and remained increased throughout reperfusion up to at least 24 h. Glycine enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated release in all treatment groups. The enhancement of N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated dopamine release by glycine was reduced by the inclusion of nitrendipine in striatal slices from ischemic and 30-min reperfused animals. These data suggest that glycine may facilitate opening of the voltage-dependent calcium channels activated by N-methyl-D-aspartate and that this facilitation is blocked by the antagonist nitrendipine.
ZIF-8 derived hollow carbon to trap polysulfides for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries (2021)

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have a high theoretical energy density and are low cost. However, the undesirable shuttle effect with the solid discharge product, Li2S, greatly impedes their market penetration. Conductive carbon materials with functional elements are beneficial in controlling the shuttle effect and can reactivate the Li2S, leading to improved long term cycling performance of LSBs. Herein, we report zinc (Zn) and nitrogen (N) co-doped ZIF-8 derived hollow carbon (ZHC) as a promising separator coating for LSBs to control the shuttle effect. The hollow area in the ZHC is identified to be around 250 nm with a carbonized outer surface thickness of approximately 50 nm. The presence of Zn and N in the nanohollow carbon structure helps to mitigate polysulfide (PS) diffusion in LSBs. Furthermore, the hollow interior of the carbon acts as a PS pocket to physically capture the PS and in addition Zn and N chemically attract the PS through polar-polar and metal sulfide interactions. The ZHC with its unique architecture and functional groups shows a promising performance with an initial specific capacity (S.cap) of 842 mA h g-1 at 4.80 mg cm-2 and cycling stability until 400 cycles, which is considerably higher in comparison with the cycling performance of parent ZIF-8.
A Singlet Biradical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (2010)

The authors describe the synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, and physical property characteristics of teranthene 1. The stabilized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was shown to possess prominent biradical character in the ground state.
Increased concentration of an apparently identical cellular protein in cells transformed by either Abelson murine leukemia virus or other transforming agents (1981)

Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed cells, simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed cells, and chemically transformed cells all have increased levels of a 50,000-molecular-weight host cell protein. The protein was detected with sera raised to the A-MuLV-transformed and chemically transformed cells and was tightly bound to T-antigen in extracts of SV40-transformed cells. Partial protease digests showed that the proteins from all three sources were indistinguishable. The three proteins were phosphorylated in cells, and the linkage of phosphate to the A-MuLV-associated P50 was to a serine residue. By immunofluorescence methods, P50-related protein was found on the surface of both normal lymphoid cells and A-MuLV-transformed lymphoid cells, but cell fractionation showed that the majority of P50 was free in the cytoplasm of the transformed cells. Immunofluorescence also showed that P50 was found in granules in the cytoplasm of both untransformed and SV40-transformed fibroblasts. Other cells gave indistinct patterns. Cocapping experiments showed that the A-MuLV-specified P120 protein is weakly associated with the surface P50-related protein of lymphoid cells, but no association of P120 and P50 could be demonstrated by immunoprecipitation methods. Although a monoclonal antiserum to P50 was used in many of these studies, the identity of the bulk P50 protein with the molecules that are reactive at the cell surface requires further study.
Supplementary Movie S3 from Development and Characterization of a Novel &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Model of Carcinoid Syndrome (2023)

Supplementary Movie S3 from Development and Characterization of a Novel &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Model of Carcinoid Syndrome
Asphaltic Crudes and High Density Brines: A Potentially Lethal Combination (2002)

Abstract The use of high density brines in well completions and/or recompletions poses potential problems for initial well production. Emulsions may be formed when the crude and completion brine are commingled under high shear at points such as the perforations, well-head, chokes and valves. This commingling can lead to the production of very stable viscous brine-in-crude emulsions. Resolving emulsions can be a costly operational problem, especially in sub-sea completions. With heavy or asphaltene bearing crudes, the prevention of emulsions is even more challenging. The resulting emulsion may likely be stabilized by asphaltene precipitates. This can lead to very viscous and tight pads. These emulsions and/or pads can yield a multitude of operational problems that include: increased shorting in the separators, tripping of equipment, costly clean-up/disposal, and increased completion delays/costs. This paper describes laboratory analyses that were utilized to evaluate six (6) emulsion preventers to prevent a potential asphaltene-stabilized emulsion. Crude recovered from well tests in a recent Gulf of Mexico deep-water discovery were analyzed for composition. These crude samples were then commingled with high-density completion brine that was treated with various concentrations of selected emulsion preventers. The results were evaluated for clarity, presence of a pad, coalescence, and emulsion tendency. Emulsion preventers are specialized chemicals that rely on a soluble carrier. They must be brine soluble and this alone may pose a challenge in high-density brines. They must remain in the brine phase under downhole conditions and present themselves at the crude-brine interface, thereby, initiating the coalescence process. To simulate downhole conditions as near as possible, iron was introduced into the completion brine at various concentrations. Iron alone can cause and/or augment the severity of an emulsion. In some cases, reverse emulsions were evident. All emulsion preventers were tested in the presence of iron as a final evaluation of their performance. This study allowed the authors to introduce a new emulsion preventer for use with high-density completion brine. This non-emulsifier was utilized in four (4) recent deep-water sub-sea completions in the Gulf of Mexico and yielded favorable results. The field case histories are presented to substantiate the laboratory findings. An additional benefit derived from this study was a more efficient and rapid well clean-up after the initial completions with no system upsets.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to Improve Gait in Multiple Sclerosis: A Timing Window Comparison (2019)

Unilateral weakness of the lower limb is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) and a significant contributor to the progressive worsening of walking ability. There are currently no effective rehabilitation strategies targeting strength asymmetries and/or gait impairments in people with MS (PwMS). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has improved motor outcomes in various populations, but the effect of tDCS on gait in PwMS and the ideal timing window of tDCS application are still unknown. This study investigated the effects of tDCS, either before or during a 6 min walk test (6MWT), on the distance walked and gait characteristics in PwMS. Twelve participants were recruited and randomly assigned into BEFORE or DURING groups (both <i>n</i> = 6). The BEFORE group received stimulation before performing a 6MWT (sham/2 mA, 13 min). The DURING group received stimulation only during a 6MWT (sham/2 mA, 6 min). Stimulation was over the more MS-affected primary motor cortex (M1). Distance walked and gait characteristics of the walk were the primary and secondary outcomes. The results indicated a significant decrease in distance walked in the DURING group (<i>p</i> = 0.026) and a significant increase in gait velocity in the BEFORE group (<i>p</i> = 0.04). These changes were accompanied by trends (<i>p</i> < 0.1) in distance walked, gait velocity, and stride length. Overall, the results of this study suggest that tDCS performed before a 6MWT might be more effective than tDCS during a 6MWT and that a single session of tDCS may not be sufficient to influence gait. <b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier #NCT03757819.