gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Outcome of Primary Infection with <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>, as Analyzed in Genetically Modified Mice (1999)

Abstract Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of acute respiratory disease in man and is also associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorder. Herein, we have compared bacterial load and immune parameters of C. pneumoniae-infected mice genomically lacking T cell coreceptors, cytokine receptors, or cytotoxic effector molecules. A protective role for CD8+ cells is shown by the enhanced severity of infection of CD8−/− or TAP-1−/−/β2-microglobulin −/− mice. CD8+ cells hindered a parasite growth-promoting role of CD4+ T cells, as indicated by the higher sensitivity to early infection of CD8−/− than CD4−/−/CD8−/− mice, which was further confirmed in experiments in which SCID mice were reconstituted with either CD4+ or CD4+ plus CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells played a dual role, detrimental early (14 and 24 days) after infection but protective at later time points (60 days after infection). The CD8+ T cell protection was perforin independent. The early deleterious role of CD4+ in the absence of CD8+ T cells was associated with enhanced IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA levels and delayed IFN-γ mRNA accumulation in lungs. In line with this, IFN-γR−/− (but not TNFRp55−/−) mice showed dramatically increased susceptibility to C. pneumoniae, linked to reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA accumulation, but not to diminished levels of specific Abs. The increased susceptibility of iNOS−/− mice indicates a protective role for iNOS activity during infection with C. pneumoniae. The higher sensitivity of IFN-γR−/− mice to C. pneumoniae compared with that of SCID or recombination-activating gene-1−/− mice suggested a relevant protective role of IFN-γ-dependent innate mechanisms of protection.
Tunable and active filters (2005)

Presents an abstract for the session paper for the above titled paper.
Inverse Opal Photonic Nanostructures for Enhanced Light Harvesting in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells (2022)

Light management strategies using photonic crystals have been proven to efficiently improve light harvesting and subsequently conversion efficiency of various optoelectronic devices. This study focuses on 3D inverse opal CH3NH3PbI3 photoanodes in perovskite solar cells from a combined numerical and experimental approach. Varying the pore size and the layer thickness in numerical simulations, we first determined theoretical optimum from a purely optical point of view. Corresponding 3D inverse opal photonic nanostructures were then fabricated through spin-coating protocols using polystyrene nanospheres of various diameters as hard templating sacrificial agents. It demonstrates how the photonic nanostructuration of the perovskite layer impacts both optical and electronic properties of experimental samples. Regarding the individual 3D inverse opal perovskite layers, an optimum of light absorption is reached for an ∼500 nm diameter pore photonic nanostructure, with a photonic absorption enhancement as high as 16.1% compared to an unstructured compact benchmark. However, in addition to electronic-related countereffects, local light absorption in the hole transporting material is observed in assembled solar cells, weakening the light management benefits of the perovskite layer nanostructuration to only ∼3% photonic enhancement.
Undesired Reactions in Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Ion Batteries (2021)

Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (RZIBs) utilizing aqueous electrolytes can offer high safety, low cost, and fast charge/discharge ratings for large-scale energy storage. The use of water as electrolyte solvent facilitates low cost, facile processing, reduced safety concerns, and fast ion kinetics. However, free water molecules also instigate many simultaneously occurring undesired reactions in the RZIB system, leading to capacity fade and limited operational lifetime. Here, our review traces each undesired reaction and its cascade of detrimental ramifications on RZIB cycling. We discuss balancing merits, reported strategies, and future perspectives to mitigate these undesired reactions and further improve the RZIBs’ operational lifetimes.
S1447 Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) to Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Prevent and Treat Obesity in Wild-Type (wt) and Leptin-Deficient (ob/ob) Mice (2022)

Introduction: GIP, a physiological incretin, is also insulin mimetic and thereby plays a critical role in promoting nutrient uptake and storage. We previously reported development of a GIP mAb that decreased weight gain in wt C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet without any effect on food intake. The aim of this study was to investigate whether our GIP mAb will promote weight loss in wt mice, and (2) to determine the effects of this mAb in preventing weight gain in ob/ob mice, a model of extreme hyperphagia. Methods: PBS or GIP mAbs (50 mg/kg BW/week) were injected ip to wt C57BL/6 mice fed a 60% high-fat diet HFD. At the end of 12 weeks, mice that received PBS were divided into 2 groups and were fed a 40% HFD for 5 weeks; one received PBS, and the other was administered GIP mAbs (50 mg/kg BW) ip per week. Both body weight and food consumption were measured weekly. In a separate study, PBS or GIP mAbs (60 mg/kg BW/week) were injected ip to ob/ob mice fed normal mouse chow for 8 weeks, and body weight and food consumption were measured weekly. Results: As previously reported, wt mice treated with PBS gained significantly more than mice that were injected with GIP mAbs. No difference in food consumed was detected between the 2 groups. In addition, magnetic resonance demonstrated that GIP mAb-treated mice had significantly less subcutaneous (P< 0.001), omental (P< 0.001), and hepatic fat (P< 0.03) than control mice. In the second portion of the study, wt mice fed a 40% HFD and PBS continued to gain weight (+2.1±0.9%), while mice administered GIP mAbs lost 4.1±1.4% BW (P< 0.01). Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice in both groups fed regular mouse chow consumed similar amounts of food, and significant differences in weight were detected by week 4. At the end of 8 weeks, the group administered PBS and GIP mAbs gained 250.4±9.1% and 192.4±7.3%, respectively, a reduction of 21.9% in the latter group (P< 0.01). Conclusion: A specific GIP mAb effectively attenuates weight gain in mice fed a HFD while decreasing fat deposition. In addition, GIP mAbs can effectively produce consistent, linear weight loss in obese wt mice without any change in food consumption. Finally, GIP mAbs can prevent weight gain in hyperphagic mice without any effect on food consumption. The results of these studies support the hypothesis that a reduction in GIP signaling appears to affect body weight without suppressing food intake and might provide a useful method for the treatment and prevention of obesity.
Multilevel anterior thoracic discectomies and anterior interbody fusion using a microsurgical thoracoscopic approach (1996)

A video-assisted thoracoscopic microsurgical approach was performed to treat a myelopathic patient with a severe kyphotic deformity caused by chronic nonunion of compression fractures of the T7-9 vertebrae. The kyphotic deformity was treated by combined operative procedures. First, an anterior release was performed using a thoracoscopic technique, sectioning the anterior longitudinal ligament and performing multilevel thoracic discectomies. Next, a posterior reduction and internal fixation of the deformity was achieved using hook-rod instrumentation. Finally, bone graft harvested during the posterior approach was used for interbody fusion via a thoracoscopic approach. Microsurgical thoracoscopic techniques potentially can be used in a variety of spinal surgeries. Compared to transthoracic and posterolateral approaches, this technique presents distinct advantages to treatment of anterior spinal pathology. The small incisions made into the intercostal spaces without retracting the ribs may reduce postoperative pain, shorten the length of hospitalization, and allow early return to activity. The operative techniques used in this case are described in detail. This report demonstrates that thoracoscopic discectomies and interbody fusion are technically feasible and can be effectively performed with acceptable results.
Sterically Crowded Heterocycles. XI. A Semiempirical Prediction of Enantiomerization Barriers for Substituted (Z)-3-(Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones (1999)

Conformational behaviour and racemization paths of the parent skeleton are discussed using a threedimensional Φ,Ψ-energy map calculated by the semiempirical PM3 method. To restrain the number of possible racemization paths, a less sophisticated approach based on the PM3 heat of formation - torsion angle Φ relationships has been used for 5-substituted title molecules; the role of non-planar enantiomeric transition states is postulated. Plausibility of the simple theoretical procedure has been tested using two phenyl derivatives of the title compounds for which experimental barriers to racemization are accessible.
Rabbit ductus arteriosus during development: Anatomical structure and smooth muscle cell composition (1993)

The anatomical structure as well as the smooth muscle cell (SMC1) composition of the ductus arteriosus (DA) were studied in rabbits ranging in age from 29 days of gestation to 20 days after birth. Computer-assisted, three-dimensional reconstructions of hematoxylin-eosin stained serial cryosections from ductus arteriosus-aorta (DA-AO) junctures revealed that DA in animals near term is separated from the aorta by a "septumlike" structure that is continuous with the aortic wall. Two days after birth, obliteration of DA is almost complete, and a small "pocketlike" cavity appears in the pre-existing site in which DA merged into the aorta. This small cavity in the aortic arch was still evident in the large majority of animals examined even 20 days after birth, as also demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. At this time period DA consisted of a central, fibrotic region surrounded by several layers of SMC (the ligamentum arteriosum, LA) and ended within the aortic media just above the small cavity, forming a round "scar." Vascular SMC composition of DA during closure was examined by means of indirect and double immunofluorescence procedures, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against some cytoskeletal and cytocontractile proteins (vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle (SM), and nonmuscle (NM) myosin isoforms). "Intimal cushions" were particularly evident from 5 hr after birth and were found to be desmin-negative, homogenously reactive for vimentin and NM myosin, and heterogeneously stained with anti-SM myosin antibody. In SMC subjacent to the "intimal cushions," distribution of vimentin and SM myosin was homogeneous, whereas the one of desmin and NM myosin content was heterogeneous. The cytoskeletal and cytocontractile protein content displayed by SMC during the closure of DA is similar to that of "intimal thickening" found in some pathological conditions of the arterial wall in adult rabbits. Completation of DA closure (day 2) was accompanied by the disappearance of cellular heterogeneity in myosin isoform distribution in both the "intimal cushions" and the underlying media. These results give new insights into: (1) the structure of DA-AO juncture, which can be relevant to the physiology of blood circulation in the fetus, and (2) the phenotypic similarity of vascular SMC populations involved in the formation of "intimal cushions" and "intimal thickening."
TIME OF FLIGHT DIFFRACTION (ToFD) WITH THz RADIATION—AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE ULTRA SOUND—ToFD TECHNIQE FOR NON-METALLIC MATERIALS (2011)

A time domain spectrometer in the range of 0.5–2 THz was used for time of flight (ToF) measurements of THz pulses for imperfection detection in non metallic materials. The measurements were performed in comparison to the established ultra sound pulse echo (PE) and time of flight diffraction (ToFD) technique. No coupling agent and no contact to the surface is required for THz ToFD measurements. Plastic test specimen with notches, voids and drilled side holes were used to study reflected and diffracted response signals. No major differences were observed between the UT and THz ToFD records for the first surface of the notches, voids and holes. Additionally to the UT records also signals were obtained from its back side and a second raw of holes. The THz measurement is fast and has the potential to substitute UT applications in some industrial areas. Within the German project “Handheld” the potential for miniaturization of the time domain equipment is explored for efficient application.
Structure design and process improvement of planar oxygen sensor (2016)

A planar oxygen sensor with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) based on high-temperature co-fired ceramic (HTCC) technology is presented in this paper. To protect the electrode from the exhaust gas, a porous layer is printed on the surface of the outer electrode. Also, an inner electrode is in contact with air reference atmosphere. Moreover, a heating element with a dissipative resistance is embedded into sensor structure to achieve stable and sufficient high temperatures for fast light-off time and air/fuel ratio (A/F) detection. The sintering behaviors of alumina/platinum/zirconia are studied and the co-fired mismatch caused by the different shrinkage rates and multilayer configurations in multi-layer different material structure are investigated. Furthermore, the thermal stress in this planar oxygen sensor from the cold start process is simulated and discussed.
TEG®, Microclot and Platelet Mapping for Guiding Early Management of Severe COVID-19 Coagulopathy (2021)

An important component of severe COVID-19 disease is virus-induced endothelilitis. This leads to disruption of normal endothelial function, initiating a state of failing normal clotting physiology. Massively increased levels of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) lead to overwhelming platelet activation, as well as activation of the enzymatic (intrinsic) clotting pathway. In addition, there is an impaired fibrinolysis, caused by, amongst others, increased levels of alpha-(2) antiplasmin. The end result is hypercoagulation (proven by thromboelastography<sup>®</sup> (TEG<sup>®</sup>)) and reduced fibrinolysis, inevitably leading to a difficult-to-overcome hypercoagulated physiological state. Platelets in circulation also plays a significant role in clot formation, but they themselves may also drive hypercoagulation when they are overactivated due to the interactions of their receptors with the endothelium, immune cells or circulating inflammatory molecules. From the literature it is clear that the role of platelets in severely ill COVID-19 patients has been markedly underestimated or even ignored. We here highlight the value of early management of severe COVID-19 coagulopathy as guided by TEG<sup>®</sup>, microclot and platelet mapping. We also argue that the failure of clinical trials, where the efficacy of prophylactic versus therapeutic clexane (low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)) were not always successful, which may be because the significant role of platelet activation was not taken into account during the planning of the trial. We conclude that, because of the overwhelming alteration of clotting, the outcome of any trial evaluating an any single anticoagulant, including thrombolytic, would be negative. Here we suggest the use of the degree of platelet dysfunction and presence of microclots in circulation, together with TEG<sup>®</sup>, might be used as a guideline for disease severity. A multi-pronged approach, guided by TEG<sup>®</sup> and platelet mapping, would be required to maintain normal clotting physiology in severe COVID-19 disease.
Preface (2010)

The miracle of successful solid organ transplantation is one of the most inspiring accomplishments of modern medicine and an impressive example of multidisciplinary collaboration. Due to the frequent involvement of the skin of transplant patients by infectious, neoplastic, and systemic diseases, dermatologists have always been an important part of the medical team caring for solid organ transplant recipients. As a by-product of the success in assuring prolonged survival for most organ transplant patients, the chronic and potent systemic immunosuppression has given rise to a new set of challenges for patients and providers alike, manifest by alarming increases in skin cancer and unusual manifestations of skin disease.
Probing Electrochemical Charge Transfer at Surfaces Using Graphene Transistors (2011)

Abstract not Available.
The analysis of transit-time effect of bipolar base collector junction breakdown (2014)

This paper analyzes the transit-time effect of a bipolar biased at base-collector junction breakdown condition. Both simulation and experiment show that dynamic negative resistance, due to the transit-time effect, can be achieved under the avalanche breakdown condition. Therefore, a bipolar biased at breakdown can be used as a transit-time diode, with the potential to generate RF power for millimeter / sub-millimeter frequency applications.
Presenilin 1/γ-Secretase Is Associated with Cadmium-Induced E-Cadherin Cleavage and COX-2 Gene Expression in T47D Breast Cancer Cells (2008)

Cadmium is a heavy metal that has multiple toxic effects on human health and has been classified as a human carcinogen. E-cadherin is a major target of cadmium; however, the roles of E-cadherin and cadmium and the mechanisms of tumor progression remain to be defined. Here, we demonstrate that cadmium increases E-cadherin processing via a gamma-secretase in the T47D breast cancer cell lines. This presenilin 1 (PS1)/gamma-secretase-dependent cleavage of E-cadherin was accompanied by changes in reactive oxygen species or calcium. E-cadherin cleavage was blocked by a PS1 dominant-negative mutant, gamma-secretase inhibitors [N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) and L-685,486], antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and Mn(III)tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin pentachloride), or a calcium chelating drug 1,2-bis(o-Aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetra(acetoxymethyl) ester. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the disappearance of E-cadherin staining at the cell surface. Those inhibitors attenuated cadmium-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, cadmium treatment increased cell motility and invasion ability, which was abated by DAPT. Interestingly, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by cadmium was also inhibited by DAPT. The cadmium-induced cell motility and invasion ability were inhibited by a COX-2 inhibitor, NS398. Our data indicate a novel molecular mechanism that links cytotoxicity of cadmium and disrupted E-cadherin processing to adherens junctions; cadmium induces COX-2 expression via gamma-secretase, which increases cell motility and invasion ability. Understanding the downstream signaling cascades of cadmium that promote tumor progression might be a key to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Effects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Driving Performance (2018)

Drivers with early and intermediate AMD can exhibit impairments in their driving performance, particularly during complex driving situations; motion sensitivity was most strongly associated with driving performance. These findings have important implications for assessing the driving ability of older drivers with visual impairment.
Effects of the Oral Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Agonist C21 in Sugen-Hypoxia Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats (2023)

Substantial evidence supports the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in pulmonary hypertension (PH), and the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT<sub>2</sub>R) is known to exert tissue protective actions. The effect of the selective AT<sub>2</sub>R agonist C21 (also known as Compound <b>21</b> or buloxibutid) was evaluated in the rat Sugen-hypoxia PH model. After a single injection of Sugen 5416 and hypoxia for 21 days, C21 (2 or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered perorally twice daily from Day 21 to Day 55. On Day 56, hemodynamic assessments were performed, and lung and heart tissue were prepared for quantification of cardiac and vascular remodeling and fibrosis. Treatment with C21 20 mg/kg improved cardiac output and stroke volume and decreased right ventricular hypertrophy (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Treatment with C21 2 mg/kg significantly decreased vessel wall and muscular layer thickness and increased the luminal opening in vessels >100 μm (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two C21 doses on any parameter, and post hoc analyses comparing the merged C21 groups with the vehicle group showed that C21 treatment reduced vascular remodeling (reduced endothelial proliferation and thickening of the vascular wall) in vessels of all sizes; moreover, the diastolic pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular pressure were reduced along with reduction of right ventricular hypertrophy. Sugen 5416 and hypoxia increased pulmonary collagen deposition, which was counteracted by C21 20 mg/kg. In conclusion, the effects of C21 on vascular remodeling, hemodynamic alterations, and fibrosis suggest that AT<sub>2</sub>R agonists may have a role in Group 1 and 3 PH treatment.
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN AS A VISUAL SELECTION MARKER FOR COTTON TRANSFORMATION (2009)

Transgenic cotton plants have been produced by vacuum infiltration, particle bombardment, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Most transgenic plants have co-introduced antibiotic or herbicide resistant genes which serve no useful purpose after the transgenic plants are produced. The presence of antibiotic and herbicide resistance marker genes in transgenic plants has raised public concern about ecological and food safety perspective of these genes (Puchta 2003). Generating a transformation system without antibiotic resistant and herbicide resistant genes would certainly contribute to public acceptance of transgenic cotton. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene has become a very effective marker gene for use in plant genetic transformation. Recent reports on GFP showed that apart from being used as a visual reporter gene instead of β-Glucuronidase (GUS) (Jordan 2000), it could also be used as a visual selection marker gene instead of chemical based antibiotic selection marker genes. Because of it, for the first time in plant transformation, researchers have at their disposal a universal, in vivo, and realtime transgenic visible marker (Stewart 2001). The GFP visual selection efficiency is much higher than antibiotic selection and can greatly reduce the time involved in transgenic plant production. GFP visual selection made transformation possible without antibiotic resistant marker genes without reducing transformation efficiency since there is no harmful effect on plants with the GFP gene. Establishment of GFP gene visual selection transformation system in cotton will provide a new transformation protocol in cotton.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from FLT3 Ligand Enhances the Cancer Therapeutic Potency of Naked RNA Vaccines (2023)

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