gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of ferroelectric film growth processes using in situ, real-time ion beam analysis (1997)

Abstract Further technological advances in ferroelectric thin film-based devices requires to achieve a better understanding of the growth of ferroelectric and electrode layers, including oxygen incorporation during growth and other parameters. This can be achieved using in situ, real-time characterization techniques. We are currently using time-of-fligh ion scattering and recoil spectroscopy (TOF-ISARS) to study film growth processes. Results discussed in this review concerns initial studies of the growth of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films. As an example, the potential of TOF-ISARS has been demonstrated by determining that the layered SBT films are terminated in an incomplete (Bi2O2)2+ layer with an oxygen plane as the top most layer. This results and the implications for understanding the resistant to fatigue of Pt/SBT/Pt capacitors are discussed in this review.
Immunohistochemical staining patterns using epitope‐specific antibodies indicate conformation variants of antisecretory factor/S5a in the CNS (2006)

Antisecretory factor (AF/S5a/Rpn10) was originally identified through its ability to counteract pathological secretion. AF is also a potent anti-inflammatory agent, a neuromodulator, and an important component of the proteasome. Human AF has a calculated molecular mass of 41 kDa and a pI of 4.7. No family of AF-like proteins has been identified. AF has multiple functions in the cell, and different functional forms could exist as a result of post-translational modifications. Epitope-specific antibodies covering the entire length of AF were used to investigate whether modified forms of AF could be detected in the porcine spinal cord by Western blots, 2D gels, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Western blot and 2D gels showed that all antisera detected a single protein with very similar molecular mass and pI. However, IHC resulted in an epitope-specific subcellular staining pattern. Antisera recognizing epitopes in the N-terminal part of AF, containing the antisecretory activity, showed a more restricted localisation than antisera directed at the C-terminal part, containing the ubiquitin-binding sites. We suggest that AF can exist in several conformational variants, perhaps due to differences in redox state and/or pH in the various cellular compartments. Such conformational changes could be of functional importance.
Nucleophilicity and P–C Bond Formation Reactions of a Terminal Phosphanido Iridium Complex (2015)

The diiridium complex [{Ir(ABPN2)(CO)}2(μ-CO)] (1; [ABPN2](-) = [(allyl)B(Pz)2(CH2PPh2)](-)) reacts with diphenylphosphane affording [Ir(ABPN2)(CO)(H) (PPh2)] (2), the product of the oxidative addition of the P-H bond to the metal. DFT studies revealed a large contribution of the terminal phosphanido lone pair to the HOMO of 2, indicating nucleophilic character of this ligand, which is evidenced by reactions of 2 with typical electrophiles such as H(+), Me(+), and O2. Products from the reaction of 2 with methyl chloroacetate were found to be either [Ir(ABPN2)(CO)(H)(PPh2CH2CO2Me)][PF6] ([6]PF6) or [Ir(ABPN2)(CO)(Cl)(H)] (7) and the free phosphane (PPh2CH2CO2Me), both involving P-C bond formation, depending on the reaction conditions. New complexes having iridacyclophosphapentenone and iridacyclophosphapentanone moieties result from reactions of 2 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and dimethyl maleate, respectively, as a consequence of a further incorporation of the carbonyl ligand. In this line, the terminal alkyne methyl propiolate gave a mixture of a similar iridacyclophosphapentanone complex and [Ir(ABPN2){CH═C(CO2Me)-CO}{PPh2-CH═CH(CO2Me)}] (10), which bears the functionalized phosphane PPh2-CH═CH(CO2Me) and an iridacyclobutenone fragment. Related model reactions aimed to confirm mechanistic proposals are also studied.
Demonstration of saturation spectra of caesium D <sub>2</sub> line with a low linewidth distributed feedback laser diode (2008)

Low linewidths for Al-free active region distributed feedback lasers using a self-heterodyne measurement method (minimum beat width of 0.8 MHz at 20 mW and 12°C, 1.2 MHz at 852.12 nm 35 mW and 36°C) are demonstrated. Singlemode emission was achieved at 852.12 nm corresponding to the D2 caesium transition, with an optical output power of 35 mW at 140 mA under CW operation. Finally, the saturation spectra of caesium atoms with the DFB laser diode was recorded with a resolution close to the natural linewidth.
A (Nd, Zr)(Fe, Co)11.5Ti0.5Nx compound as a permanent magnet material (2014)

We studied NdFe11TiNx compounds as permanent magnet materials. The (Nd0.7,Zr0.3)(Fe0.75Co0.25)11.5Ti0.5N0.52 powder that contained a limited amount of the α-(Fe, Co) phase shows fairly good magnetic properties, such as a saturation polarization (Js) of 1.68 T and an anisotropic field (Ha) of 2.88 (Law of approach to saturation) – 4.0 MA/m (Intersection of magnetization curves). Both properties are comparable to those of the Nd2Fe14B phase.
Appareils de protection respiratoire de type FFP2 en population générale dans le cadre de la lutte contre la propagation du virus SARS-CoV-2 en rapport avec l'émergence du variant Omicron (complément) (HCSP, Avis et Rapports) (2022)

International audience
Bioenergy From Activated Sludge and Wastewater (2018)

358Wastewater treatment operations present significant opportunities for integration of sustainable bioenergy production technologies. This chapter outlines and discusses research efforts on the utilization of activated sludge, municipal and industrial wastewaters, and treatment facilities for the production of lipidic biofuels (i.e., biodiesel and renewable diesel) and nonfood-based lipid feedstock. Lipidic fractions of sewage sludges have been extracted, characterized, and subjected to transesterification and catalytic cracking for production of biodiesel and renewable diesel, respectively. Wastewaters from municipal and industrial sources have been used as carbon and nutrient source and cultivation media for the cultivation of oleaginous yeasts, which produce substantial quantities of microbial oils for extraction and conversion to biofuels. The same approach has been applied for enhancing the oil contents of activated sludge microbial biomass for increased lipid feedstock and biodiesel or renewable diesel yield via cultivation in wastewater media with increased carbon content through the addition of sugars derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass wastes. Short chain fatty acids have been evaluated as carbon sources to oil-accumulating activated sludge cultures.
Control and assessment of the uterus and cervix during pregnancy and labour (1998)

Preterm labour and resultant preterm birth are the most important problems in perinatology. Countless efforts have failed to establish a single effective treatment of preterm labour, partly because the mechanisms regulating the uterus and cervix during pregnancy are not well understood. New knowledge is needed to inhibit early progression of labour (uterine contractility and cervical ripening), and adequate quantitative tools to evaluate the uterus and cervix during pregnancy are lacking. In this review, we outline studies showing that the uterus (myometrium) and cervix pass through a conditioning step in preparation for labour. This step is not easily identifiable with present methods to assess the uterus or cervix. In the uterus, this seemingly irreversible step consists of changes in the electrical properties to make muscle more excitable and responsive to produce forceful contractions. In the cervix, the step consists of softening of the connective tissue components. Progesterone appears to have a dominant role in controlling both the uterus and cervix, as antiprogestins induce early, preterm conditioning leading to preterm labour. Apparently, nitric oxide (NO) also controls conditioning of the uterus and cervix. In the uterus, NO, in concert with progesterone, inhibits uterine contractility. At term, NO production by the uterus and placenta are decreased and allow labour to progress. In contrast, NO in the cervix increases at the end of pregnancy and it may be the final pathway for stimulating cervical ripening by activation of metalloenzymes. The progress of labour can be assessed non-invasively using electromyographic (EMG) signals from the uterus (the driving force for contractility) recorded from the abdominal surface. Uterine EMG bursts detected in this manner characterize uterine contractile events during human and animal pregnancy. A low uterine EMG activity, measured transabdominally throughout most of pregnancy, rises dramatically during labour. EMG activity also increases substantially during preterm labour in humans and rats. This method may be used one day to predict impending preterm labour and identify control steps and treatments. A quantitative method also assesses the cervix, using an optical device which measures collagen fluorescence in the cervix. The collascope estimates cervical collagen content from a fluorescent signal generated when collagen cross-links are illuminated with excitation light of about 340 nm. The system has proved useful in rats and humans at various stages of pregnancy, and indicates that cervical softening occurs progressively in the last one-third of pregnancy. In rats, collascope readings correlate with resistance measurements made in the isolated cervix, which may help to assess cervical function during pregnancy, and indicate control and treatments.
Comparison of extraction methods for intracellular metabolomics (2021)

Abstract Measurements of metabolic compounds inside cells or tissues are of high informative potential since they represent the endpoint of biological information flow and a snapshot of the integration of many regulatory processes. However, it requires careful extraction to quantify their abundance. Here we present a comprehensive study using ten extraction protocols on four human sample types (liver tissue, bone marrow, HL60 and HEK cells) targeting 630 metabolites of different chemical classes. We show that the extraction efficiency and stability is highly variable across protocols and tissues by using different quality metrics including the limit of detection and variability between replicates as well as the sum of concentration as a global estimate of extraction stability. The profile of extracted metabolites depends on the used solvents - an observation which has implications for measurements of different sample types and metabolic compounds of interest. To identify the optimal extraction method for future metabolomics studies, the benchmark dataset was implemented in an easy-to-use, interactive and flexible online resource (R/shiny app MetaboExtract).
Towards a Predictable Open Source FaaS (2022)

Auto-scaling is the capability of Function as a Service systems, that supports dynamic scaling of the function instances according to the incoming load. Auto-scalers fire scaling events when a certain threshold is exceeded. However, if this threshold is not set properly, the function can suffer from under or over-provisioning. In this paper we introduce an autoscaling solution for compute intensive functions that calculates the scaling threshold according to the user needs and keeps the completion times predictable even when the function is scaled out. The scaling threshold is given by a simulator that determines the completion time distribution of the function for a given load. We also show which load-balancing algorithm is recommended to use for our auto-scaler. We compare our auto-scaler to existing ones implemented in open source serverless projects.
Estimation of polar stratospheric cloud volume and area densities from UARS, stratospheric aerosol measurement II and polar ozone and aerosol measurement II extinction data (1998)

Particle size distributions, measured by the forward scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP 300), are used in Mie calculations to specify polynomial expressions by which polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) extinction data can be converted into volume and area density values for type I, liquid phase PSCs. The calculations are carried out at the wavelengths observed by experiments on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and at the stratospheric aerosol measurement (SAM II), stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment (SAGE II), and polar ozone and aerosol measurement (POAM II) wavelength of 1 μm. The calculations use laboratory indices that approximate values for ternary solution and sulfuric acid droplets. Validation calculations intercompare the SAM II and FSSP 300 area densities, and SAM II and cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer (CLAES) area densities.
Is Telemachus a “Naturally Gifted Orator”? Odyssey 2.40–79 in Its Rhetorical Contexts (2020)

Abstract Telemachus’s first speech to the Ithacan assembly in Odyssey 2 includes apparent misguided criticism of the very audience he is trying to persuade. This article considers his speech from two perspectives. First, it surveys ancient and Byzantine reception of the speech, showing how initial doubts about Telemachus’s effectiveness shift to Eustathius’s confidence in the “naturally gifted orator.” Second, it argues for a novel interpretation of Telemachus’s criticism as an intelligent but ultimately ineffective incorporation of features of battlefield exhortation into a supplication.
Automatic License Plate Recognition in Real-World Traffic Videos Captured in Unconstrained Environment by a Mobile Camera (2022)

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) has remained an active research topic for years due to various applications, especially in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This paper presents an efficient ALPR technique based on deep learning, which accurately performs license plate (LP) recognition tasks in an unconstrained environment, even when trained on a limited dataset. We capture real traffic videos in the city and label the LPs and the alphanumeric characters in the LPs within different frames to generate training and testing datasets. Data augmentation techniques are applied to increase the number of training and testing samples. We apply the transfer learning approach to train the recently released YOLOv5 object detecting framework to detect the LPs and the alphanumerics. Next, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize the detected alphanumerics. The proposed technique achieved a recognition rate of 92.8% on a challenging proprietary dataset collected in several jurisdictions of Saudi Arabia. This accuracy is higher than what was achieved on the same dataset by commercially available Sighthound (86%), PlateRecognizer (67%), OpenALPR (77%), and a state-of-the-art recent CNN model (82%). The proposed system also outperformed the existing ALPR solutions on several benchmark datasets.
Synthesis of 3,5- and 3,6-Linked Calix[<i>n</i>]naphthalenes (2002)

The preparation of calix[n]naphthalenes from derivatives of 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene is described. 1,8-Dialkyl substitution is used to direct the regiochemistry of the acid-catalyzed condensation reactions. Acyclic peri substituents lead to a 3,5-linked calix[3]naphthalene, whereas cyclic peri substituents give predominantly a calix[5]naphthalene with the corresponding 3,6-linkage. The 3,6-linked calix[4]naphthalene is prepared in pure form by a dimerization strategy.
Load swing reduction in manually operated bridge cranes (2017)

In this paper, a procedure for control system design of an anti-sway system for manually operated bridge cranes is presented. Specifically, the human operator acts by means of a push-button panel to operate the crane and thus is considered as a disturbance to the closed loop control system that regulates to zero the angle of the load cable with respect to the vertical axis. Closed loop control has been made possible by the use of an inertial sensor and an Extended Kalman Filter which provides accurate angle estimation. An accurate multi-body model has been realized using the Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical System (ADAMS) environment. The model parameters have been tuned by system identification based on real measurements. Finally, the model is used to design a Sliding Mode Controller to suppress the load swing angle.
Endothelial cell activation and neovascularization are prominent in dermatomyositis (2006)

These results suggest active neovascularization and endothelial cell activation in both juvenile and adult DM. It is likely that close association of monocytes with endothelial cells initiate rapid dendritic cell maturation and an autoimmune response in DM.
Resources as an Input of Production in a Two-Sector Economy (2006)

This paper extends models of renewable resources to an economy with two sectors, resource extraction and production. In contrast to one sector models, we show that the optimal strategies in the single-firm model are essentially different from those in the two-player model. In the single-player model, the optimal strategy is to keep the resource extraction a constant multiple of production labor. In the two-player model, the optimal strategy for each player is to keep extracting labor a constant multiple of production labor. It is also shown that the extraction-to-production labor ratio is increasing with the wage and the interest rate and is decreasing with the production TFP, the extraction TFP, and the stock level in the single-player model, but not in the two-player model. Finally, I show that another way for each firm to maximize profit is to raise its zero-profit stock level by maximizing its geometric average TFP.
6. Minimum Variation Curves and Surfaces for Computer-Aided Geometric Design (1994)

6.1. Introduction In this paper we introduce curvature variation as a fairness metric, the Minimum Variation Curve (MVC), the Minimum Variation Network (MVN), and the Minimum Variation Surface (MVS). These curves and surfaces are computed to satisfy a set of interpolation conditions while minimizing a fairness functional that measures the variation of curvature.
Identification of Cinnabarinic Acid as a Novel Endogenous Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand That Drives IL-22 Production (2014)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binds to environmental toxicants including synthetic halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and is involved in a diverse array of biological processes. Recently, the AHR was shown to control host immunity by affecting the balance between inflammatory T cells that produce IL-17 (Th17) and IL-22 versus regulatory T cells (Treg) involved in tolerance. While environmental AHR ligands can mediate this effect, endogenous ligands are likely to be more relevant in host immune responses. We investigated downstream metabolites of tryptophan as potential AHR ligands because (1) tryptophan metabolites have been implicated in regulating the balance between Th17 and Treg cells and (2) many of the AHR ligands identified thus far are derivatives of tryptophan. We characterized the ability of tryptophan metabolites to bind and activate the AHR and to increase IL-22 production in human T cells. We report that the tryptophan metabolite, cinnabarinic acid (CA), is an AHR ligand that stimulates the differentiation of human and mouse T cells producing IL-22. We compare the IL-22-stimulating activity of CA to that of other tryptophan metabolites and define stimulation conditions that lead to CA production from immune cells. Our findings link tryptophan metabolism to AHR activation and define a novel endogenous AHR agonist with potentially broad biological functions.
A Study of Beta Processing of Ti-6Al-4V: Is it Trivial? (2001)

Deformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the β phase field is generally considered to be trivial since the material is highly workable at these temperatures and does not normally pose problems during processing. In view of this, studies on the hot deformation behavior of β are scanty compared to those on the α−β deformation. This paper is focussed on understanding the β deformation characteristics in Ti-6Al-4V with a view to examine whether such studies help in optimizing the process design and achieving microstructural control. The emphasis has been on the two industrial grades, viz. commercial purity (CP) versus extra-low interstitial (ELI), and also on the effect of starting microstructure (transformed β versus equiaxed α+β). The stress-strain curves obtained in compression exhibited steady-state behavior at strain rates lower than 1 s−1 and oscillatory/softening behavior at higher strain rates. Kinetic analysis of the flow stress data obtained at different temperatures and strain rates has shown that the stress exponent is about 3.6-3.8 and the apparent activation energy is in the range 150-287 kJ/mole, which is comparable to that of self-diffusion in β phase (150 kJ/mol). Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of β is identified as the microstructural mechanism in all the cases except in ELI grade with transformed β starting structure. The prior β grain size in the DRX region exhibits a good correlation with the Zener-Hollomon parameter. In case of ELI grade, a mechanism of large grained superplasticity involving sliding of prior colony boundaries has been identified. However, deformation close to the transus in ELI grade causes nucleation of voids which may grow during soaking at the deformation temperature under the influence of tensile residual stress. The results clearly show that a study of β deformation mechanisms holds the key during hot working of Ti-6-4. More importantly, the processing schedule used for CP grade Ti-6-4 should not be used for ELI grade to achieve microstructural control and avoid defects.
Preparation of Polylactic Acid Nonwoven Fabric-based Metal Adsorbent by Radiation-induced Graft Polymerization (2007)

Fibrous metal adsorbent was prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate onto a polylactic acid (PLA) nonwoven fabric and its subsequent modification based on ring opening of epoxides with disodium iminodiacetate (IDA-Na) . The degree of grafting of PLA fabric can be controlled in the range of up to 225% by optimizing the grafting conditions such as reaction time, preirradiation dose, monomer concentration and reaction temperature. The optimal IDA group density of the prepared adsorbent was 500 μmol/g-adsorbent, and its selectivity for metal ions was Cu2+>Pb2+>Ni2+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Co2+>Ca2+>Mg2+.
Segmented poly(A) tails significantly reduce recombination of plasmid DNA without affecting mRNA translation efficiency or half-life (2019)

Extensive research in the past decade has brought mRNA closer to the clinical realization of its therapeutic potential. One common structural feature for all cellular messenger RNAs is a poly(A) tail, which can either be brought in cotranscriptionally via the DNA template (plasmid- or PCR-based) or added to the mRNA in a post-transcriptional enzymatic process. Plasmids containing poly(A) regions recombine in <i>E. coli</i>, resulting in extensive shortening of the poly(A) tail. Using a segmented poly(A) approach, we could significantly reduce recombination of plasmids in <i>E. coli</i> without any negative effect on mRNA half-life and protein expression. This effect was independent of the coding sequence. A segmented poly(A) tail is characterized in that it consists of at least two A-containing elements, each defined as a nucleotide sequence consisting of 40-60 adenosines, separated by a spacer element of different length. Furthermore, reducing the spacer length between the poly(A) segments resulted in higher translation efficiencies compared to homogeneous poly(A) tail and reduced recombination (depending upon the choice of spacer nucleotide). Our results demonstrate the superior potential of segmented poly(A) tails compared to the conventionally used homogeneous poly(A) tails with respect to recombination of the plasmids and the resulting mRNA performance (half-life and translational efficiency).