gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1A1-E03 Simple Swing Mechanism of Changeability Measurement Range : for line sensor including LRF (2009)

The range of the measurement is generally moved with the servo etc. when LRF etc. only of the line measurement are used. So, it is necessary to control the servo for the changeability type of the measurement range. Then, we developed the mechanism to which the range of the measurement was simply changed only with a cheap DC motor.
Clinical evaluation of a novel method for the measurement of prostate‐specific antigen, AccuPSA <sup>TM</sup> , as a predictor of 5‐year biochemical recurrence‐free survival after radical prostatectomy: results of a pilot study (2011)

Study Type - Diagnostic (validating cohort) Level of Evidence 1b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Nadir Ultrasensitive PSA levels has some value for predicting BCR following RD. AccuPSA assays lower limit of PSA quantification of <0.01 pg/ml greatly enhances sensitivity and specificity of nadir PSA to predict BCR following RP. Our pilot study shows an AccuPSA of 3 pg/ml has a sensitory and specificity of 100% and 75% respectively for predicting 5 year BCR following RP. OBJECTIVES • To conduct a proof of concept study to evaluate a novel digital single molecule immunoassay (AccuPSA(TM) ) that detects prostate-specific antigen (PSA) a thousandfold more sensitively than current PSA detection methods. • To determine the ability of the AccuPSA(TM) assay to predict 5-year biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival after radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS • A total of 31 frozen serum specimens were obtained from specimen logs maintained at New York University Langone Medical Center and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine on men who had undergone RP. Those men without evidence of BCR had a minimum of 5 years' PSA follow-up. • In all cases, preoperative and pathological information were available, as was a serum specimen 3-6 months after RP, with a PSA level of <0.1 ng/mL measured by conventional PSA methods at the time of serum collection. • Specimens were tested using the AccuPSA(TM) method. • A Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to determine whether AccuPSA(TM) predicted the risk of BCR. RESULTS • Overall, 11/31 (35.5%) men developed BCR. • Mean AccuPSA(TM) nadir levels were significantly different (P < 0.001) between the non-BCR group (2.27 pg/mL) and the BCR group (46.99 pg/mL). • Using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, AccuPSA(TM) nadir level was a significant predictor of BCR-free survival (P < 0.01). • Kaplan-Meier analysis of up to 5 years follow-up showed that 100% of men with AccuPSA(TM) nadir values <3 pg/mL did not develop BCR, whereas 62.5% of men with values >3 pg/mL developed BCR (P= 0.00024). • The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the AccuPSA(TM) method was 100%, 75%, 69% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS • AccuPSA(TM) assay predicts 5-year BCR- free survival after RP. • Identifying a reliable predictor of BCR soon after RP has important implications for frequency of PSA testing, selection of candidates for adjuvant therapy, and reassuring a large subset of men that they are not at risk of recurrence. • Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.
Impact of Endogenous Intronic Retroviruses on Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Diversity and Stability (2008)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) represents a multigene family that is known to display allelic and gene copy number variations. Primate species such as humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) show DRB region configuration polymorphism at the population level, meaning that the number and content of DRB loci may vary per haplotype. Introns of primate DRB alleles differ significantly in length due to insertions of transposable elements as long endogenous retrovirus (ERV) and human ERV (HERV) sequences in the DRB2, DRB6, and DRB7 pseudogenes. Although the integration of intronic HERVs resulted sooner or later in the inactivation of the targeted genes, the fixation of these endogenous retroviral segments over long time spans seems to have provided evolutionary advantage. Intronic HERVs may have integrated in a sense or an antisense manner. On the one hand, antisense-oriented retroelements such as HERV-K14I, observed in intron 2 of the DRB7 genes in humans and chimpanzees, seem to promote stability, as configurations/alleles containing these hits have experienced strong conservative selection during primate evolution. On the other hand, the HERVK3I present in intron 1 of all DRB2 and/or DRB6 alleles tested so far integrated in a sense orientation. The data suggest that multigenic regions in particular may benefit from sense introgressions by HERVs, as these elements seem to promote and maintain the generation of diversity, whereas these types of integrations may be lethal in monogenic systems, since they are known to influence transcript regulation negatively.
Supplementary Video 1 from Low-Dose Metronomic Oral Dosing of a Prodrug of Gemcitabine (LY2334737) Causes Antitumor Effects in the Absence of Inhibition of Systemic Vasculogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 5.8MB&lt;/p&gt;
Probing Local Vibration Modes at Single Planar Defects by Vibrational Spectroscopy (2020)

Imperfections such as stacking faults and interfaces are recognized as decisive factors in modifying thermal properties and heat transport in crystal materials by scattering phonon and changing vibrational structure However, the effect of crystal defects on thermal conductivity is being theoretically treated by perturbation methods without taking into account the local change of phonon dispersion relation Direct observation of local vibrational structure at single crystal defect has not been realized until now. The main issue is the spatial resolution required to resolve individual defects is not achievable for most of phonondetecting techniques including optical, and inelastic X-ray and neutron spectroscopies Here we demonstrate that space-and angle-resolved vibrational spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) enables the study of the vibrational structure of individual crystal defects. At a single stacking fault in a cubic silicon carbide, the acoustic vibration modes at X point undergo a red shift of several millielectronvolts, become enhanced, and are confined to within a few nanometers of the stacking fault. The detection of interfacial modes at an atomically thin Si-Ge interface will be discussed as well Our work opens the door to investigating phonon propagation around crystal defects, and provides guidance to the engineering of desired thermal performance for semiconductor and power electronic devices.
Quantitative Electroencephalogram of Posterior Cortical Areas of Fluent and Stuttering Participants during Reading with Normal and Altered Auditory Feedback (1998)

In the left and right hemisphere, posterior quantitative electroencephalogram Beta band activity (13.5-25.5 Hz) of seven adult participants who stutter and seven age-matched normal controls was obtained while subjects read text under three experimental conditions of normal auditory feedback, delayed auditory feedback, and frequency-altered feedback. Data were obtained from surface electrodes affixed to the scalp using a commercial electrode cap. Electroencephalogram activity was amplified, band-pass analog-filtered, and then digitized. During nonaltered auditory feedback, stuttering participants displayed Beta band hyperreactivity, with the right temporal-parietal lobe region showing the greatest activity. Under conditions of delayed auditory feedback and frequency-altered auditory feedback, the stuttering participants displayed a decrease in stuttering behavior accompanied by a strong reduction in Beta activity for the posterior-temporal-parietal electrode sites, and the left hemisphere posterior sites evidenced a larger area of reactivity. Such findings suggest than an alteration in the electrical fields of the cortex occurred in the stuttering participants under both conditions, possibly reflecting changes in neurogenerator status or current dipole activity. Further, one could propose that stuttering reflects an anomaly of the sensory-linguistic motor integration wherein each hemisphere generates competing linguistic messages at hyperreactive amplitudes.
Tight Mutual Information Estimation With Contrastive Fenchel-Legendre Optimization (2021)

Successful applications of InfoNCE and its variants have popularized the use of contrastive variational mutual information (MI) estimators in machine learning. While featuring superior stability, these estimators crucially depend on costly large-batch training, and they sacrifice bound tightness for variance reduction. To overcome these limitations, we revisit the mathematics of popular variational MI bounds from the lens of unnormalized statistical modeling and convex optimization. Our investigation not only yields a new unified theoretical framework encompassing popular variational MI bounds but also leads to a novel, simple, and powerful contrastive MI estimator named as FLO. Theoretically, we show that the FLO estimator is tight, and it provably converges under stochastic gradient descent. Empirically, our FLO estimator overcomes the limitations of its predecessors and learns more efficiently. The utility of FLO is verified using an extensive set of benchmarks, which also reveals the trade-offs in practical MI estimation.
Experimental and Numerical Techniques to Characterize Structural Properties of Fresh Concrete (2013)

This research explores the structural properties of fresh concrete. The work is relevant wherever green, or uncured, concrete must be load-bearing. In traditional concreting, rigid forms mold and protect young concrete, and these forms are not removed until the maturing material has developed considerable load-bearing strength. Conversely, an automated construction technology under development at the University of Southern California, proposes to rapidly fabricate civil structures additively — layering continuous ribbons of fresh unconfined concrete — the freshly layered concrete must be load-bearing immediately upon placement. This is an unprecedented structural requirement, and little has been done to substantiate uncured concrete in such a load-bearing capacity. With emphasis on expedient experimental techniques, early maturity, and time-dependent constitutive modeling, this research develops the engineering necessary to erect these structures safely.
Noninvasive Vascular Elastography With Plane Strain Incompressibility Assumption Using Ultrafast Coherent Compound Plane Wave Imaging (2015)

Plane strain tensor estimation using non-invasive vascular ultrasound elastography (NIVE) can be difficult to achieve using conventional focus beamforming due to limited lateral resolution and frame rate. Recent developments in compound plane wave (CPW) imaging have led to high speed and high resolution imaging. In this study, we present the performance of NIVE using coherent CPW. We show the impact of CPW beamforming on strain estimates compared to conventional focus sequences. To overcome the inherent variability of lateral strains, associated with the low lateral resolution of linear array transducers, we use the plane strain incompressibility to constrain the estimator. Taking advantage of the approximate tenfold increase in frame rate of CPW compared with conventional focus imaging, we introduce a time-ensemble estimation approach to further improve the elastogram quality. By combining CPW imaging with the constrained Lagrangian speckle model estimator, we observe an increase in elastography quality (∼ 10 dB both in signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios) over a wide range of applied strains (0.02 to 3.2%).
Microbial rhodopsins on leaf surfaces of terrestrial plants (2011)

The above-ground surfaces of terrestrial plants, the phyllosphere, comprise the main interface between the terrestrial biosphere and solar radiation. It is estimated to host up to 10(26) microbial cells that may intercept part of the photon flux impinging on the leaves. Based on 454-pyrosequencing-generated metagenome data, we report on the existence of diverse microbial rhodopsins in five distinct phyllospheres from tamarisk (Tamarix nilotica), soybean (Glycine max), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), clover (Trifolium repens) and rice (Oryza sativa). Our findings, for the first time describing microbial rhodopsins from non-aquatic habitats, point towards the potential coexistence of microbial rhodopsin-based phototrophy and plant chlorophyll-based photosynthesis, with the different pigments absorbing non-overlapping fractions of the light spectrum.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Deficient 1‐ and 2‐Azabuta‐1,3‐dienes: A Comprehensive Survey of Their Synthesis and Reactivity (2011)

Abstract Review: 190 refs.
Improved cathode for high efficient microbial-catalyzed reduction in microbial electrosynthesis cells (2013)

Microbial electrosynthesis cells (MECs) are devices wherein microorganisms can electrochemically interact with electrodes, directly donating or accepting electrons from electrode surfaces. Here, we developed a novel cathode by using nickel nanowires anchored to graphite for the improvement of microbial-catalyzed reduction in MEC cathode chamber. This porous nickel-nanowire-network-coated graphite electrode increased the interfacial area and interfacial interactions between the cathode surface and the microbial biofilm. A 2.3 fold increase in bio-reduction rate over the untreated graphite was observed. Around 282 mM day(-1) m(-2) of acetate resulting from the bio-reduction of carbon dioxide by Sporomusa was produced with 82 ± 14% of the electrons consumed being recovered in acetate.
Free-standing subwavelength grid infrared rejection filter of 90 MM diameter for LPP EUV light source (2014)

A subwavelength grid infrared (IR) filter as large as 90 mm in diameter was fabricated and tested on a 6 inch Si wafer for a laser-produced plasma (LPP) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source used in the next generation lithography tools. The IR filter is a grid type, which has higher thermal stability compared with a conventional multilayer metal membrane filter. The grid is a free-standing Mo-coated Si honeycomb structure with a thickness of 5 μm, a wire width of only 0.35 μm and a pitch of 4.5 μm. Such a large-size free-standing microstructure was successfully fabricated by carefully balancing film stress at each process step. The fabricated IR filter demonstrated 99.7 % rejection for 10.6 μm IR light.
Toward endobronchial Ir-192 high-dose-rate brachytherapy therapeutic optimization (2007)

A number of patients with lung cancer receive either palliative or curative high-dose-rate (HDR) endobronchial brachytherapy. Up to a third of patients treated with endobronchial HDR die from hemoptysis. Rather than accept hemoptysis as an expected potential consequence of HDR, we have calculated the radial dose distribution for an Ir-192 HDR source, rigorously examined the dose and prescription points recommended by the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), and performed a radiobiological-based analysis. The radial dose rate of a commercially available Ir-192 source was calculated with a Monte Carlo simulation. Based on the linear quadratic model, the estimated palliative, curative and blood vessel rupture radii from the center of an Ir-192 source were obtained for the ABS recommendations and a series of customized HDR prescriptions. The estimated radius at risk for blood vessel perforation for the ABS recommendations ranges from 7 to 9 mm. An optimized prescription may in some situations reduce this radius to 4 mm. The estimated blood perforation radius is generally smaller than the palliative radius. Optimized and individualized endobronchial HDR prescriptions are currently feasible based on our current understanding of tumor and normal tissue radiobiology. Individualized prescriptions could minimize complications such as fatal hemoptysis without sacrificing efficacy. Fiducial stents, HDR catheter centering or spacers and the use of CT imaging to better assess the relationship between the catheter and blood vessels promise to be useful strategies for increasing the therapeutic index of this treatment modality. Prospective trials employing treatment optimization algorithms are needed.
Methods for in vivo molecular imaging (2012)

Visualization of single molecules and specific subsets of cells is widely used for studies of biological processes and particularly in immunological research. Recent technological advances have provided a qualitative change in biological visualization from studying of "snapshot" pictures to real-time continuous observation of cellular dynamics in vivo. Contemporary methods of in vivo imaging make it possible to localize specific cells within organs and tissues, to study their differentiation, migration, and cell-to-cell interactions, and to follow some intracellular events. Fluorescence intravital microscopy plays an especially important role in high resolution molecular imaging. The methods of intravital microscopy are quickly advancing thanks to improvements in molecular sensors, labeling strategies, and detection approaches. Novel techniques allow simultaneous detection of various probes with better resolution and depth of imaging. In this review, we describe current methods for in vivo imaging, with special accent on fluorescence approaches, and discuss their applications for medical and biological studies.
Feasibility Trial of Partial Breast Irradiation With Concurrent Dose-Dense Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide in Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2009)

PBI with concurrent ddAC is feasible, and local/systemic toxicity is acceptable. Larger studies are warranted to assess long-term locoregional control and late toxicities.
Silicon-based near-infrared tunable filters based on liquid crystals (2004)

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible tunable Fabry-Perot microcavities filled with liquid crystals (LCs) were realized and studied in the near-infrared region. The microcavities were produced by chip bonding technique, which allows one to infill LC between two [SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si]n &lambda;/4 (&lambda; = 1.5 &mu;m) Dielectric Bragg Reflectors separated by 950 nm thick SiO<sub>2</sub> posts. The Dielectric Bragg reflectors were realized on Si or SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates Liquid crystals with positive and negative dielectric anisotropy were used, i.e. MerckE7 (&Delta;&epsilon;=13.8) and Merck-6608 LC (&Delta;&epsilon;=-4.2). Mirror-integrated electrodes allow an external bias to induce an electrical field and to tune the LC properties and, hence, the microcavity resonance. Electric-field-induced shifts of the second-order cavity modes of ~120 nm and ~50 nm were obtained for Merck-E7 and Merck-6608 LC, with driving potentials of 5 V and 10 V, respectively. The transmittance at the cavity resonance is typically in the order of 10%. Simulation of cavities allows to identify surface roughness of the Dielectric-Bragg-Reflectors as the major origin of the transmission losses. The switching behavior of microcavities filled with E7 were studied as function of applied fields. Both switch-on t<sub>on</sub> and switch-off t<sub>off</sub> times were measured and were found to be lower than 5 ms.
The Handbook of Permissive English (2007)

In this article, Wolfe satirises declining standards in literacy by providing wry redefinitions of a variety of common words that often pun on misinterpretations, malapropisms and general ignorance. The redefinitions themselves are appropriately and ironically ungrammatical.
A Co-channel Interference Cancellation Method Using Low Dimensional Sphere Decoding for MIMO Communication Systems (2006)

This paper proposes a co-channel interference cancellation method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems. Maximum-likelihood multi-user detection (ML-MUD), which is one of the co-channel interference cancellation methods at a receiver side, has excellent bit error rate (BER) performance. However, computational complexity of the ML-MUD is prohibitive, because the ML-MUD must search for the most probable symbol vector from all candidates of the transmitted signals. We apply sphere decoding (SD) to the ML-MUD in order to reduce the computational complexity of the ML-MUD, and moreover we propose a modified version of the SD suitable for the ML-MUD. The proposed method extracts desired signal components from a received signal vector and a channel matrix decomposed the upper triangular form, and then performs the SD to the low dimensional model in order to detect the transmitted signals of the desired user. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed method can suppress the undesired signals and detect the desired signals, offering significant reduction of the computational complexity of the conventional method.
Application of the Ugi reaction with multiple amino acid-derived components: synthesis and conformational evaluation of piperazine-based minimalist peptidomimetics (2015)

Three different chiral piperazine-based scaffolds have been synthesized using a Ugi/cyclization strategy.
Oral abstracts of the 21st International AIDS Conference 18-22 July 2016, Durban, South Africa (2016)

Introduction: Within the first weeks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, virus replication reaches systemic circulation.Despite the critical, causal role of virus replication in determining transmissibility and kinetics of disease progression, there is limited understanding of the conditions required to transform a small localized transmitted founder population into a large and heterogeneous systemic infection.Methods: Cynomolgus and rhesus macaques were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and followed longitudinally.Plasma levels of SIV were monitored using qRT-PCR.Bacterial genomic DNA in plasma was characterized and quantified longitudinally using 16S ribosomal deep sequencing and qPCR.ELISA-based assays were used to monitor intestinal permeability (IFABP) and perturbation of bacteria-specific host factors (sCD14 and EndoCab).Flow cytometry was used to track peripheral blood lymphocyte populations.In vitro assays were performed by exposing freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to bacterial lysate prepared from major translocators.Effects of bacterial lysate on CD4' T cell activation and CD8' T cell cytotoxicity were measured using flow cytometry.Statistical significance was calculated using ANOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank testing.Results: Prior to the peak of viremia, we observed a transient highlevel influx of microbial genomic DNA into peripheral blood.This microbial translocation was accompanied by perturbation of bacteria-specific host factors in plasma, as well as expansion of the CD4'CCR5' T cell compartment.Exposure of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to lysate prepared from major translocating taxa revealed differential taxa-specific effects on the CD4'CCR5' T cell compartment and cytotoxic granule expression within CD8' T cells.Conclusions: Altogether, our data identify the influx of microbial products into blood during hyperacute SIV infection as a candidate modifier of early interactions between the antiviral host response and nascent HIV infection.Over the next few months, we will explore the effect of inducing microbial translocation during SIV infection, with particular interest on microbial reactivity within the CD4'CCR5' target cell compartment.
Repeated Measurements of Cardiac Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation and Validation of the ABC Stroke Score Over Time (2017)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00412984.
Association analysis of PON2 genetic variants with serum paraoxonase activity and systemic lupus erythematosus (2011)

Our data indicate that PON2 genetic variants significantly affect variation in serum PON activity and have modest effects on risk of lupus nephritis and SLE-related immunologic disorder.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Vinylarenes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.