gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origami-based integration of robots that sense, decide, and respond (2023)

Origami-inspired engineering has enabled intelligent materials and structures to process and react to environmental stimuli. However, it is challenging to achieve complete sense-decide-act loops in origami materials for autonomous interaction with environments, mainly due to the lack of information processing units that can interface with sensing and actuation. Here, we introduce an integrated origami-based process to create autonomous robots by embedding sensing, computing, and actuating in compliant, conductive materials. By combining flexible bistable mechanisms and conductive thermal artificial muscles, we realize origami multiplexed switches and configure them to generate digital logic gates, memory bits, and thus integrated autonomous origami robots. We demonstrate with a flytrap-inspired robot that captures 'living prey', an untethered crawler that avoids obstacles, and a wheeled vehicle that locomotes with reprogrammable trajectories. Our method provides routes to achieve autonomy for origami robots through tight functional integration in compliant, conductive materials.
Extraction and Automatic Grouping of Joint and Individual Sources in Multisubject fMRI Data Using Higher Order Cumulants (2018)

The joint analysis of multiple data sets to extract their interdependency information has wide applications in biomedical and health informatics. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to extract joint and individual sources of multisubject data sets by using a deflation-based procedure, which is referred to as joint/individual thin independent component analysis (JI-ThICA). The proposed algorithm is based on two cost functions utilizing higher order cumulants to extract joint and individual sources. Joint sources are discriminated by fusing signals of all subjects, whereas individual sources are extracted separately for each subject. Furthermore, JI-ThICA algorithm estimates the number of joint sources by applying a simple and efficient strategy to determine the type of sources (joint or individual). The algorithm also categorizes similar sources automatically across data sets through an optimization process. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by analyzing simulated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) multisubject data sets, and its performance is compared with existing alternatives. We investigate clean and noisy fMRI signals and consider two source models. Our results reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms its alternatives in terms of the mean joint signal to interference ratio. We also apply the proposed algorithm on a public-available real fMRI multisubject data set, which was acquired during naturalistic auditory experience. The extracted results are in accordance with the previous studies on naturalistic audio listening and results of a recent study investigated this data set, which demonstrates that the JI-ThICA algorithm can be applied to extract reliable and meaningful information from multisubject fMRI data.
A numerical algorithm for the solution of generalized Lyapunov equations (2002)

This paper studies the numerical solution of generalized Lyapunov equation arising in the study of stability of continuous and discrete time descriptor (generalized state space or implicit) systems. The algorithms proposed in this paper are shown to be computationally efficient and numerically backward stable. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of proposed algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Indexação biológica múltipla e RT-PCR para detecção de vírus latentes em macieiras (2008)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da indexação biológica múltipla de vírus latentes de macieiras em indicadoras lenhosas. O método consistiu na enxertia de cinco espécies de indicadoras e duas borbulhas da cultivar a ser indexada em um único porta-enxerto. Concluiu-se que a eficácia e a sensibilidade do método biológico múltiplo é adequada para a detecção confiável de Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) e Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) em programas de limpeza clonal e certificação de matrizes de fruteiras. A RT-PCR confirmou o diagnóstico biológico de ASPV e ASGV. Entretanto, ACLSV diagnosticado pela indicadora LL-S5 não foi detectado por RT-PCR em três dos nove acessos analisados. O gene de proteína capsídica de ACLSV de um dos acessos estudados foi clonado e sequenciado; a região de pareamento dos iniciadores de PCR foi comparada com dados do Genbank como subsídio à interpretação da não amplificaçãode certos isolados de ACLSV.
Soft x-ray undulator for the U5 beamline at NSLS (1989)

The magnetic structure and spectral properties of a 7.5-cm, 30-period hybrid undulator are described. The device will be installed at the U5 port of the VUV storge ring at Brookhaven National Laboratory and will be a tunable source of very high brillance soft x-ray radiation over the range of 13 to approximately 150 eV.
Transcriptome analyses identify key cellular factors associated with HIV-1-associated neuropathogenesis in infected men (2016)

These results identify signature transcriptome changes in PBMCs associated with stages of HAND and shed light on the potential contribution of host cellular factors and viral proteins in HAND development.
Pregenomic RNA Launch Hepatitis B Virus Replication System Facilitates the Mechanistic Study of Antiviral Agents and Drug-Resistant Variants on Covalently Closed Circular DNA Synthesis (2022)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates its genomic DNA by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, termed pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), within nucleocapsid. It had been shown that transfection of <i>in vitro</i>-transcribed pgRNA initiated viral replication in human hepatoma cells. We demonstrated here that viral capsids, single-stranded DNA, relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) became detectable sequentially at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-pgRNA transfection into Huh7.5 cells. The levels of viral DNA replication intermediates and cccDNA peaked at 24 and 48 h post-pgRNA transfection, respectively. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) became detectable in culture medium at day 4 posttransfection. Interestingly, the early robust viral DNA replication and cccDNA synthesis did not depend on the expression of HBV X protein (HBx), whereas HBsAg production was strictly dependent on viral DNA replication and expression of HBx, consistent with the essential role of HBx in the transcriptional activation of cccDNA minichromosomes. While the robust and synchronized HBV replication within 48 h post-pgRNA transfection is particularly suitable for the precise mapping of the HBV replication steps, from capsid assembly to cccDNA formation, targeted by distinct antiviral agents, the treatment of cells starting at 48 h post-pgRNA transfection allows the assessment of antiviral agents on mature nucleocapsid uncoating, cccDNA synthesis, and transcription, as well as viral RNA stability. Moreover, the pgRNA launch system could be used to readily assess the impacts of drug-resistant variants on cccDNA formation and other replication steps in the viral life cycle. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Hepadnaviral pgRNA not only serves as a template for reverse transcriptional replication of viral DNA but also expresses core protein and DNA polymerase to support viral genome replication and cccDNA synthesis. Not surprisingly, cytoplasmic expression of duck hepatitis B virus pgRNA initiated viral replication leading to infectious virion secretion. However, HBV replication and antiviral mechanism were studied primarily in human hepatoma cells transiently or stably transfected with plasmid-based HBV replicons. The presence of large amounts of transfected HBV DNA or transgenes in cellular chromosomes hampered the robust analyses of HBV replication and cccDNA function. As demonstrated here, the pgRNA launch HBV replication system permits the accurate mapping of antiviral target and investigation of cccDNA biosynthesis and transcription using secreted HBsAg as a convenient quantitative marker. The effect of drug-resistant variants on viral capsid assembly, genome replication, and cccDNA biosynthesis and function can also be assessed using this system.
Relative Order of Sulfuric Acid, Bisulfate, Hydronium, and Cations at the Air–Water Interface (2015)

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), bisulfate (HSO4(-)), and sulfate (SO4(2-)) are among the most abundant species in tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols due to high levels of atmospheric SO2 emitted from biomass burning and volcanic eruptions. The air/aqueous interfaces of sulfuric acid and bisulfate solutions play key roles in heterogeneous reactions, acid rain, radiative balance, and polar stratospheric cloud nucleation. Molecular-level knowledge about the interfacial distribution of these inorganic species and their perturbation of water organization facilitates a better understanding of the reactivity and growth of atmospheric aerosols and of the aerosol surface charge, thus shedding light on topics of air pollution, climate change, and thundercloud electrification. Here, the air/aqueous interface of NaHSO4, NH4HSO4, and Mg(HSO4)2 salt solutions as well as H2SO4 and HCl acid solutions are investigated by means of vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) and heterodyne-detected (HD) VSFG spectroscopy. VSFG spectra of all acid solutions show higher SFG response in the OH-bonded region relative to neat water, with 1.1 M H2SO4 being more enhanced than 1.1 M HCl. In addition, VSFG spectra of bisulfate salt solutions highly resemble that of the dilute H2SO4 solution (0.26 M) at a comparable pH. HD-VSFG (Im χ((2))) spectra of acid and bisulfate salt solutions further reveal that hydrogen-bonded water molecules are oriented preferentially toward the bulk liquid phase. General agreement between Im χ((2)) spectra of 1.1 M H2SO4 and 1.1 M HCl acid solutions indicate that HSO4(-) ions have a similar surface preference as that of chloride (Cl(-)) ions. By comparing the direction and magnitude of the electric fields arising from the interfacial ion distributions and the concentration of each species, the most reasonable relative surface preference that can be deduced from a simplified model follows the order H3O(+) > HSO4(-) > Na(+), NH4(+), Mg(2+) > SO4(2-). Interestingly, contrary to some other near-neutral salt solution interfaces (e.g., chlorides and nitrates), cation-specific effects are here overshadowed by hydronium ions.
Compounds from<i>Epilobium angustifolium</i>Inhibit the Specific Metallopeptidases ACE, NEP and APN (2004)

Willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium L.) extracts showed inhibitory activity against the metallopeptidases: neutral endopeptidase (NEP), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and aminopeptidase N (APN). A bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of several flavonoids and phenolic acids and an ellagitannin. The dimeric macrocyclic ellagitannin oenothein B inhibited the neutral endopeptidases in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 = 20 microM. Other polyphenols showed weaker activity but their synergistic activity cannot be excluded. Taking into account the role of these peptidases in prostate diseases, the results may partly support and explain the use of Epilobium extracts in folk medicine.
Imaging of Electroosmotic Flow in Plastic Microchannels (2001)

We have characterized electroosmotic flow in plastic microchannels using video imaging of caged fluorescent dye after it has been uncaged with a laser pulse. We studied flow in microchannels composed of a single material, poly(methyl methacrylate) (acrylic) or poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), as well as in hybrid microchannels composed of both materials. Plastic microchannels used in this study were fabricated by imprinting or molding using a micromachined silicon template as the stamping tool. We examined the dispersion of the uncaged dye in the plastic microchannels and compared it with results obtained in a fused-silica capillary. For PDMS microchannels, it was possible to achieve dispersion similar to that found in fused silica. For the acrylic and hybrid microchannels, we found increased dispersion due to the nonuniformity of surface charge density at the walls of the channels. In all cases, however, electroosmotic flow resulted in significantly less sample dispersion than pressure-driven flow at a similar velocity.
Synthesis, Structure, and Thermal Properties of Volatile Group 11 Triazenides as Potential Precursors for Vapor Deposition (2022)

Group 11 thin films are desirable as interconnects in microelectronics. Although many M-N-bonded Cu precursors have been explored for vapor deposition, there is currently a lack of suitable Ag and Au derivatives. Herein, we present monovalent Cu, Ag, and Au 1,3-di-<i>tert</i>-butyltriazenides that have potential for use in vapor deposition. Their thermal stability and volatility rival that of current state-of-the-art group 11 precursors with bidentate M-N-bonded ligands. Solution-state thermolysis of these triazenides yielded polycrystalline films of elemental Cu, Ag, and Au. The compounds are therefore highly promising as single-source precursors for vapor deposition of coinage metal films.
Terahertz studies of carrier dynamics and dielectric response of <i>n</i>-type, freestanding epitaxial GaN (2003)

We report the characterization of the complex conductivity and dielectric function of GaN by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Transmission measurements are performed on an n-type, 180-μm-thick, freestanding GaN crystal. Frequency dependent electron dynamics, power absorption and optical dispersion are observed over the frequency range from 0.1 to 4.0 THz. The measured conductivity is well fit by Drude theory.
Susceptibility of standard clones and European field populations of the green peach aphid, <i>Myzus persicae</i> , and the cotton aphid, <i>Aphis gossypii</i> (Hemiptera: Aphididae), to the novel anthranilic diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole (2011)

Cyantraniliprole is currently the only anthranilic diamide (IRAC MoA 28) insecticide targeting aphid species such as M. persicae and A. gossypii. There is no evidence to suggest that the performance of this compound is affected by commonly occurring mechanisms that confer resistance to other insecticide chemistries. Cyantraniliprole is therefore a valuable tool for managing insecticide resistance in these globally important pests.
Xyce XDM Netlist Translator User Guide, Version 2.5 (2022)

This manual describes the installation and use of the Xyce ? XDM Netlist Translator. XDM simpli?es the translation of netlists generated by commercial circuit simulator tools into Xyce-compatible netlists. XDM currently supports translation from PSpice, HSPICE, and Spectre netlists into Xyce ? netlists.
Haploinsufficiency of vascular endothelial growth factor related signaling genes is associated with tetralogy of Fallot (2018)

Loss-of-function variants in FLT4 and KDR contribute substantially to the genetic basis of TOF. The findings support dysregulated VEGF signaling as a novel mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of TOF.
Performance-Complexity Analysis for MAC ML-Based Decoding With User Selection (2015)

The rate-reliability-complexity limits of a quasi-static <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$K$</tex></formula> -user multiple access channel (MAC), with or without feedback, are explored in this paper. Using high-SNR asymptotics, bounds on the computational resources required to achieve near-optimal (ML-based) decoding performance are first derived. They, in turn, yield bounds on the (reduced) complexity needed to achieve any (including suboptimal) diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) performance. Similar complexity-bounds in the presence of feedback-aided user selection are also given. This latter effort reveals the ability of a few bits of feedback not only to improve performance, but also to reduce complexity. In this context, our analysis reveals the interesting finding that a proper calibration of user selection can allow for near-optimal ML-based decoding, with complexity that need not scale exponentially in the total number of codeword bits. The derived bounds constitute the best known performance-versus-complexity behavior to date for ML-based MAC decoding, as well as a first exploration of the complexity-feedback-performance interdependencies in multiuser settings.
On simplifying approaches to the solution of the Boltzmann equation in spatially inhomogeneous plasmas (1996)

With the continuing progress of plasma modelling in recent years the desire arose to develop simplified approaches to the kinetic description of the electron component in weakly ionized plasmas. Methods which are based on the direct solution of the Boltzmann equation in some limiting situations, namely the `nonlocal' approximation in a weakly collisional plasma and the `local' approximation in a highly collisional plasma, may be much more efficient than conventional simulation techniques. In this paper the foundation of these approaches is reviewed. Their quantitative accuracy and their applicable range is examined on the basis of a comparison to the numerical solution of the complete, space-dependent Boltzmann equation for a positive column plasma.
Spectral analysis of line width roughness and its application to immersion lithography (2006)

Various approaches can be used to quantify line width roughness (LWR). One of the most commonly used estimators of LWR is standard deviation . However, a substantial amount of information is ignored if only is measured. We use an automated approach to investigate LWR, where standard deviation, correlation length, and power spectrum are measured online on critical dimension scanning electron microscopes. This methodology is used to monitor LWR, investigate the effect of LWR on critical dimension precision, and to benchmark new resists for immersion lithography. Our results indicate that online LWR metrology is a critical tool in a variety of applications, including but not restricted to process control.
Birlikte Çöktürme Yöntemi ile Sentezlenen Zn0.95-xCu0.05CoxO’nun Yapısal, Morfolojik ve Optik Özellikleri (2023)

Temel metal oksitlere kıyasla daha iyi fonksiyonel performans için karışık oksitlerin sentezi, karakterizasyonu ve uygulamasına olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Zn0.95-xCu0.05CoxO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) nanokompozitleri birlikte çöktürme yöntemi ile sentezlendi. Sentezlenen örnekler, X-ışını Kırınımı (XRD), Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM), Enerji Dağılım Spektroskopisi (EDS), Xışını Fotoelektron Spektroskopisi (XPS), Raman spektroskopisi ve UV–Vis absorpsiyon spektroskopisi kullanılarak yapısal, bileşimsel ve optik özellikleri açısından karakterize edildi. XRD sonuçlarına göre altıgen ZnO’nun würtzit yapısının değişmediği görülmektedir. Ayrıca, Cu2O ve Co3O4'ün ayrı fazlarının Cu+ ve Co+3 iyonlarının reaksiyona girmeden kalan kısımlarından dolayı oluştuğu söylenebilir. Bu XPS sonuçları ile de teyit edilmiştir. Zn0.95-xCu0.05CoxO nanokompozitlerinin ortalama kristal boyutları 30.61-27.24 nm aralığında bulundu. ZnO'da Cu ve Co katkısının bir sonucu olarak kristal büyümenin azaldığı görülmektedir. SEM görüntülerinde, tüm örneklerin küresel nanopartiküllerden oluştuğu görülmektedir. EDS spektrumu beklenen stokiyometri ile numunelerde Zn, Cu, Co ve O atomlarının varlığını doğrulamaktadır. Co konsantrasyonu x=0.00'den x= 0.05'e arttıkça, bant aralığı 3.26 eV'den 3.57 eV'ye artmıştır.
A phosphate and calcium-enriched diet promotes progression of 5/6-nephrectomy-induced chronic kidney disease in C57BL/6 mice (2021)

C57BL/6 mice are known to be rather resistant to the induction of experimental chronic kidney disease (CKD) by 5/6-nephrectomy (5/6-Nx). Here, we sought to characterize the development of CKD and its cardiac and skeletal sequelae during the first three months after 5/6-Nx in C57BL/6 mice fed a calcium- and phosphate enriched diet (CPD) with a balanced calcium/phosphate ratio. 5/6-NX mice on CPD showed increased renal fibrosis and a more pronounced decrease in glomerular filtration rate when compared to 5/6-Nx mice on normal diet (ND). Interestingly, despite comparable levels of serum calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH), circulating intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) was 5 times higher in 5/6-Nx mice on CPD, relative to 5/6-Nx mice on ND. A time course experiment revealed that 5/6-Nx mice on CPD developed progressive renal functional decline, renal fibrosis, cortical bone loss, impaired bone mineralization as well as hypertension, but not left ventricular hypertrophy. Collectively, our data show that the resistance of C57BL/6 mice to 5/6-Nx can be partially overcome by feeding the CPD, and that the CPD induces a profound, PTH-independent increase in FGF23 in 5/6-Nx mice, making it an interesting tool to assess the pathophysiological significance of FGF23 in CKD.
Solid-Supported <i>tert</i>-Alkoxycarbonylation Reagents for Anchoring of Amines during Solid Phase Organic Synthesis (1997)

The preparation and characterization of a homologous series of solid phase synthesis resins for anchoring amines via a Boc-like linker are described. The scope and limitations of these resins are explored with respect to procedures for attachment and cleavage of a variety of primary amines, secondary amines, and alpha-amino esters.
The Design and Implementation of P2V, An Architecture for Zero-Overhead Online Verification of Software Programs (2007)

The PSL-to-Verilog (P2V) compiler can translate a set of assertions about a block-structured software program into a hardware design to be executed concurrently with the execution of the software program. The assertions validate the correctness of the software program without altering its temporal behavior in any way, a result that has never been previously achieved by any online model-checking system. The technique and the implementation apply to any general purpose program and the absence of execution overheads makes the system ideal for the verification and debugging of real-time systems. The assertions are expressed in the simple subset of the Property Specification Language PSL, an IEEE standard originally intended for the behavioral specification of hardware designs. The target execution system is the eMIPS processor, a dynamically self-extensible processor realized with an FPGA. The system can concurrently execute and check multiple programs at a time. Assertions are compiled into eMIPS Extensions, which are loaded by the operating system software into a portion of the FPGA at program loading time, and discarded once the program terminates. If an assertion is violated the program receives an exception, otherwise it executes fully unaware of its verifier. The software program does not need to be modified in any way, it can be compiled separately with full optimizations and executes with or without the corresponding hardware checker. The P2V compiler is implemented in Python. It generates code for the implementation of the eMIPS processor running on the Xilinx ML401 development board. It is currently used to verify software properties in such areas as testing and debugging, intrusion detection, and the behavioral verification of concurrent and realtime programs. 1.