gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and Properties of Epitaxial Thin films and Heterostructures of Multiferroic Bi&lt;sub&gt;1-X&lt;/sub&gt;Ba&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt;FeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (2009)

Epitaxial thin films of Bi1-xBaxFeO3 have been deposited by sputtering on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates with and without conducting buffer layers of paramagnetic LaNiO3 and ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, and their structural, magnetic and ferroelectric properties have been investigated. It has been shown from magnetic and ferroelectric characterization that Bi1-xBaxFeO3 epitaxial films in a thickness of 300 nm exhibited reasonable multiferroic properties at room temperature. Spin-filter junctions consisting of a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/ Bi1-xBaxFeO3/LaNiO3 epitaxial heterostructure have been fabricated using photolithography and ion milling. The junctions with a Bi1-xBaxFeO3 layer thickness of 4 nm exhibited nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with the barrier height of 0.37 eV, and MR effect at 4.2 K, indicating that the Bi1-xBaxFeO3 ultrathin layers serves as ferromagnetic tunnel barriers in spin-filter junctions.
Di- and Triblock Copolymers Based on Polyethylene and Polyisobutene Blocks. Toward New Thermoplastic Elastomers (2013)

Azido end-functionalized polyethylenes (PE-N3, 2250 or 2500 g mol–1, Đ = 1.2, functionality higher than 88%) were reacted with alkyne end-functionalized or telechelic polyisobutenes (PIB-C≡CH: Mn = 2400 g mol–1, Đ = 1.1; HC≡C-PIB-C≡CH: Mn = 6900 g mol–1, Đ = 1.2, respectively) using the 1,3-dipolar cycloadddition reaction in a mixture of toluene and dimethylformamide at 110 °C. The reaction led to the quantitative formation of di- and triblock copolymers (PE-b-PIB and PE-b-PIB-b-PE) that were characterized by size exclusion chromatography and 1H NMR analyses. The original copolymer PE-b-PIB-b-PE that incorporates hard semicrystalline PE blocks and a soft PIB block was further studied by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, X-ray scattering, and dynamic mechanical analysis. It was shown that the crystallinity of PE segments was not perturbed by the PIB phase and that the Tg of PIB was slightly raised because of chain motion restrictions due to PE crystallites. In addition, mechanical analyses showed that PE-b-PIB-b-PE behaved as a thermoplastic elastomer over a broad temperature range (0–110 °C) with a tensile strength of 4 MPa and an elongation at break of 16%. The use of blocks of higher molar mass should improve the copolymer nanostructuration.
Postnatal Growth Considerations for PBPK Modeling (2007)

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and Windows-based program (called PostNatal) was developed that focuses on postnatal growth, from birth through adulthood, using appropriate growth curves for each species and gender. Postnatal growth algorithms relating organs/tissues weights with total body weight for male and female humans, dogs, rats, and mice are an integral part of the software and are utilized to assign the appropriate weight and blood flow for each of 22 organs/tissues for each simulation. Upper limits of body weight were chosen that reflect the available data used to define the algorithms; above these limits a set percent body weight was assigned to all organs/tissues.
Sleep Monitoring Using Ear-Centered Setups: Investigating the Influence From Electrode Configurations (2021)

Modern sleep monitoring development is shifting towards the use of unobtrusive sensors combined with algorithms for automatic sleep scoring. Many different combinations of wet and dry electrodes, ear-centered, forehead-mounted or headband-inspired designs have been proposed, alongside an ever growing variety of machine learning algorithms for automatic sleep scoring. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Objective:</i> Among candidate positions, those in the facial area and around the ears have the benefit of being relatively hairless, and in our view deserve extra attention. In this paper, we seek to determine the limits to sleep monitoring quality within this spatial constraint. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Methods:</i> We compare 13 different, realistic sensor setups derived from the same data set and analysed with the same pipeline. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Results:</i> All setups which include both a lateral and an EOG derivation show similar, state-of-the-art performance, with average Cohen’s kappa values of at least 0.80. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Conclusion:</i> If large electrode distances are used, positioning is not critical for achieving large sleep-related signal-to-noise-ratio, and hence accurate sleep scoring. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Significance:</i> We argue that with the current competitive performance of automated staging approaches, there is a need for establishing an improved benchmark beyond current single human rater scoring.
Evolutionary approaches for the reverse-engineering of gene regulatory networks: A study on a biologically realistic dataset (2008)

We studied the behaviour of an evolutionary approach enhanced by niching for the learning of gene regulatory networks with BN. We show that this approach outperforms classical structure learning methods in elucidating the original model. These results were obtained for the learning of a bio-realistic network and, more importantly, on various small datasets. This is a suitable approach for learning transcriptional regulatory networks from real datasets without prior knowledge.
A Meta Effect in Nonphotochemical Processes: The Homolytic Chemistry of <i>m</i>-Methoxyphenol (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionA Meta Effect in Nonphotochemical Processes: The Homolytic Chemistry of m-MethoxyphenolMario C. Foti*, Carmelo Daquino, Gino A. DiLabio, and K. U. IngoldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 18, 7440Publication Date (Web):July 29, 2008Publication History Received1 July 2008Published online29 July 2008Published inissue 19 September 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo8014374https://doi.org/10.1021/jo8014374correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (122 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Resonance structures Get e-Alerts
A preliminary comparison of methods for production of <sup>188</sup>Re‐C595 antibody for radioimmunotherapy of bladder cancer (2001)

Abstract Two different methods (reduction mediated and carbonyl labelling) for conjugating 188 Re to an anti‐tumour monoclonal antibody are described. The radioimmunoconjugates produced were analysed for stability, immunoreactivity, specificity and homogeneity. This indicated that although the two conjugates were comparable in terms of specificity and homogeneity, the carbonyl labelled preparation was more stable. Tumour localisation of both conjugates was confirmed in an ex vivo model of bladder cancer. It is concluded that although both radioimmunoconjugates have potential for intravesical therapy of bladder cancer, carbonyl labelling may offer a method with increased stability.
On-Chip Temperature Compensation Active Bias Circuit Having Tunable Temperature Slope for GaAs FET MMIC PA (2011)

An on-chip temperature compensation active bias circuit having tunable temperature slope has been proposed, and its application to an X-band GaAs FET monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier (PA) is described. The proposed bias circuit can adjust the temperature slope of gate voltage according to the bias condition of the PA, and also realizes the higher temperature slope of the gate voltage by employing the diode and the FET which operates at near threshold voltage (Vt) in the bias circuit. As a result, the gain of PAs operated at any bias conditions is kept almost constant against temperature by applying the proposed bias circuit. Moreover, the proposed bias circuit can be integrated in the same chip with the MMIC PA since it does not need off-chip components, and operates with only negative voltage source. The fabricated results of the on-chip temperature compensation active bias circuit shows that the temperature slope of the gate voltage varies from 2.1 to 6.3mV/°C, which is enough to compensate the gain of not only class-B PA but also class-A PA. The gain deviation of the developed GaAs FET MMIC PA with the proposed bias circuit has been reduced from 3.3dB to 0.6dB in the temperature range of 100°C.
Neurotensin analogs. Structure-activity relationships (1977)

The goal of endoscopic analysis is to find abnormal lesions and determine further therapy from the obtained information. For example, in case of Barrett’s esophagus, the objective of endoscopy is to timely detect dysplastic lesions, before endoscopic resection is no longer possible. However, the procedure produces a variety of non-informative frames and lesions can be missed due to poor video quality. Especially when analyzing entire endoscopic videos made by non-expert endoscopists, informative frame classification is crucial to e.g. video quality grading. This analysis involves classification problems such as polyp detection or dysplasia detection in Barrett’s Esophagus. This work concentrates on the design of an automated indication of informativeness of video frames. We propose an algorithm consisting of state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, to initialize frame-based classification, followed by a hidden Markov model to incorporate temporal information and control consistent decision making. Results from the performed experiments show that the proposed model improves on the state-of-the-art with an F1-score of 91%, and a substantial increase in sensitivity of 10%, thereby indicating improved labeling consistency. Additionally, the algorithm is capable of processing 261 frames per second, which is multiple times faster compared to other informative frame classification algorithms, thus enabling real-time computation.
ChemInform Abstract: Submicrometer Transparent Alumina by Sinter Forging Seeded γ‐ Al2O3 Powders. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Probing the Solvent Dependent Photophysics of <i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(dppz-X<sub>2</sub>)Cl] (dppz-X<sub>2</sub> = 11,12-X<sub>2</sub>-dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine); X = CH<sub>3</sub>, H, F, Cl, CF<sub>3</sub>) (2008)

The results of electrochemical measurements, density-functional theory calculations, emission and time-resolved IR (TRIR) spectroscopic studies for fac-[ReCl(CO)3(dppz-X2)], (dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine; X = CH3, H, F, Cl, CF3) are reported. For all complexes the calculations show that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is a phenazine based orbital localized on the dppz ligand. We observe that three different excited states, IL pi pi*, metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) (phen), and MLCT (phz), are formed depending upon the substituent on the dppz ligand and on the nature of the solvent. This means that both the energy and the nature of the photophysically active state(s) can be tuned by both chemical modification of dppz ligand and solvent properties. The excited-state dynamics in these systems is directly related to the mechanism of the "light switch effect", and ps-TRIR has allowed a deeper insight into this mechanism by being able to directly monitor the change in the population of the higher lying emissive phen-type (3)MLCT and IL pi pi* states and the dark (3)MLCT (phz) state depending on the different environmental factors.
Pten-Null Tumors Cohabiting the Same Lung Display Differential AKT Activation and Sensitivity to Dietary Restriction (2013)

PTEN loss is considered a biomarker for activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, a pathway frequently mutated in cancer, and was recently shown to confer resistance to dietary restriction. Here, we show that Pten loss is not sufficient to drive AKT activation and resistance to dietary restriction in tumors with low growth factor receptor levels. We describe a murine Pten-null Kras-driven lung cancer model that harbors both dietary restriction–resistant, higher-grade, bronchiolar tumors with high AKT activity, and dietary restriction–sensitive, lower-grade, alveolar tumors with low AKT activity. We find that this phenotype is cell autonomous and that normal bronchiolar cells express higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (ENTPD5), an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme known to modulate growth factor receptor levels. Suppression of ENTPD5 is sufficient to decrease IGF-IR levels and sensitize bronchiolar tumor cells to serum in vitro and to dietary restriction in vivo. Furthermore, we find that a significant percentage of human non–small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) have low AKT activity despite PTEN loss. SIGNIFICANCE: Our studies point to a heterogeneity of AKT activation in the same murine Pten-null lung tissue and in human NSCLC, further underscoring the challenges of personalizing cancer therapy based solely on cancer genotype. Our findings therefore indicate that the tumor response to anticancer therapies, including dietary restriction, needs to be based on PI3K/AKT activity per se, rather than on genetic alterations in the PTEN/PI3K pathway.
Cell‐Penetrating Peptides for Cytosolic Delivery of Biomacromolecules (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Internalization Mechanisms and Intracellular Trafficking Design of Cell - Penetrating Peptides for Intracellular Cargo Delivery Methodologies Side Effects Conclusion List of Abbreviations References
Performance characteristics of the HemoCue B-Glucose analyzer using whole-blood samples. (1993)

We evaluated the HemoCue B-Glucose (HemoCue Inc, Mission Viejo, Calif) analyzer for accuracy, precision, linearity, and recovery. One hundred eighteen capillary whole-blood samples were analyzed in duplicate on the HemoCue B-Glucose and the YSI 2300 STAT Glucose/L-Lactate (Yellow Springs [Ohio] Instruments) analyzers; corresponding plasma glucose levels were measured in duplicate on the Roche Cobas MIRA (Roche Diagnostic Systems, Nutley, NJ) analyzer. Plasma glucose levels were converted to whole-blood equivalent glucose levels by using a factor of 1.11. The following regression equations were obtained: HemoCue = 1.02 (YSI) + 0.19, Sy/x = 0.52, r2 = .984; and HemoCue = 0.98 (whole-blood equivalent glucose levels) + 0.26, Sy/x = 0.55, r2 = .982. Within-run coefficients of variation were 4.0%, 3.5%, 2.2%, and 1.0% at glucose concentrations of 3.9, 5.4, 8.7, and 17.1 mmol/L (71, 97, 156, and 308 mg/dL), respectively. Between-run imprecision and total imprecision using lyopholized materials with three lot numbers of cuvettes were 4.2% and 5.6% at 2.1 mmol/L (37 mg/dL) and 2.4% and 2.7% at 5.2 mmol/L (95 mg/dL), respectively. The HemoCue B-Glucose analyzer displayed linearity between 0 and 22.2 mmol/L (0 and 400 mg/dL), and the percent recovery averaged 98.7% +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SD). The HemoCue B-Glucose analyzer is a rapid, simple, and reliable method for determinations of whole-blood glucose levels.
Inhibition of <scp>H</scp>e<scp>L</scp>a cells metastasis by bioactive compounds in crocodile (<scp><i>C</i></scp><i>rocodylus siamensis</i>) white blood cells extract (2015)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in cancer progression, including cell invasion, metastasis, cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion. Thus, suppression of the MMPs activities is crucial for inhibiting cancer cells metastasis. Herein, bioactive agents from crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) leukocyte extracts (WBCex) showed the anticancer activity with HeLa cells and inhibited the migration and invasion process by reducing gelatinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) activity and their protein levels. This mechanism is regulated via interfering Ras and p38 signal transduction. Moreover, disrupting VEGF and integrin-signaling cascade by bioactive agents are the predictable mechanisms that cause the decreasing of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Hence, bioactive substances in WBCex may play the mode of action similar with MMPs inhibitor due to HeLa cell metastasis being suppressed in vitro. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1329-1336, 2016.
P19-48. Induction of Ad5 neutralizing antibodies in placebo recipients during the Step Trial is not associated with risk of HIV infection (2009)

Background Vaccinees in the Step Trial who were Ad5 seropositive at baseline had a trend toward increased HIV infection [2.3fold increased incidence (CI:1.2–4.3)] (Lancet, 2008; 372(9653): 1881–93). To further explore the relationship between HIV and Ad5, we investigated evidence of incident Ad5 infection and whether HIV infection was associated with increases in Ad5 neutralizing antibody (nAb) titer in the absence of vaccination.
How Superior Placement of the Joint Center in Hip Arthroplasty Affects the Abductor Muscles (1996)

This study examines the effects of a superiorly placed hip center on the strength of the abductor muscles. A 3-dimensional computer model of the hip and the surrounding musculature was used to calculate the moment arms, forces, and moments generated when the hip abductor muscles are maximally activated. A representation of a hip prosthesis was implanted into the computer model with altered hip center positions and a range of prosthetic neck lengths. Analysis of these simulated hip replacements demonstrated that superolateral placement of the hip center (2 cm superior and 2 cm lateral) decreases the moment arms of the hip abductor muscles by an average of 28%. This decrease in moment arm cannot be restored by increasing prosthetic neck length, resulting in an unrecoverable loss of abduction strength with superolateral displacement. By contrast, a 2-cm superior displacement of the hip center changes the moment arms and force generating capacities of the abductors by less than 10% if prosthetic neck length is increased to compensate for decreased muscle length. The results of this study suggest that superior positioning of the hip center, without lateral placement, does not have major, adverse effects on abduction moment arms or force generating capacities when the neck length is appropriately increased.
Preliminary Modeling to Support the TREAT Hodoscope System for Fuel Motion Monitoring (2016)

Fuel motion is monitored in real time at the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) using a direct-viewing hodoscope that monitors fast neutrons emitted from test fuel undergoing fission during transients. The hodoscope system is now being refurbished, after over twenty years, to once again support research and development activities examining the survival and failure modes of advanced nuclear reactor fuel systems under accident conditions. An im-portant part of this activity is the development of high-fidelity modeling tools to predict the hodoscope's response to different fuel systems, in different test vehicles, throughout different transient cycles. Initial work has involved the collection of archival data related to how the hodoscope currently at TREAT was manufactured and installed, and the use of this data to create a preliminary radiation transport model using MCNP6. This model is now undergoing refinement to improve its fidelity and to permit its integration with other tools under development to model TREAT transients. The model will be used to study how fast-neutrons measured in the hodoscope's detectors relate to the fission of nuclear material in a test vehicle as a function of location within the vehicle and reactor power. The goal is to develop a time-dependent coupling factor that will relate the measured data to the fuel mass present within each pixel of the hodoscope's field of view. This paper will present the current status of the TREAT hodoscope refurbishment program and modeling activities related to interpreting hodoscope data and inferring fuel motion during transients.
A Method for Joint Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction and Synchronization in OFDM (2007)

Peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) reduction is an effective way to increase the power efficiency and decrease distortion noise in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Many PAR reduction schemes have been proposed, but few incorporate symbol-wise channel estimation and none accommodate per symbol synchronization. In this paper we present joint synchronization pilot sequence (JSPS) selected mapping (SLM), which is a joint PAR reduction and synchronization scheme. In harsh peak-limited channels we show that JSPS-SLM can achieve large bit error rate (BER) performance gains.
The Nature of Temporal Difference Errors in Multi-step Distributional Reinforcement Learning (2022)

We study the multi-step off-policy learning approach to distributional RL. Despite the apparent similarity between value-based RL and distributional RL, our study reveals intriguing and fundamental differences between the two cases in the multi-step setting. We identify a novel notion of path-dependent distributional TD error, which is indispensable for principled multi-step distributional RL. The distinction from the value-based case bears important implications on concepts such as backward-view algorithms. Our work provides the first theoretical guarantees on multi-step off-policy distributional RL algorithms, including results that apply to the small number of existing approaches to multi-step distributional RL. In addition, we derive a novel algorithm, Quantile Regression-Retrace, which leads to a deep RL agent QR-DQN-Retrace that shows empirical improvements over QR-DQN on the Atari-57 benchmark. Collectively, we shed light on how unique challenges in multi-step distributional RL can be addressed both in theory and practice.
Password hardening based on keystroke dynamics (1999)

We present a novel approach to improving the security of passwords. In our approach, the legitimate user's typing patterns (e.g., durations of keystrokes, and latencies between keystrokes) are combined with the user's password to generate a hardened password that is convincingly more secure than conventional passwords against both online and offline attackers. In addition, our scheme automatically adapts to gradual changes in a user's typing patterns while maintaining the same hardened password across multiple logins, for use in file encryption or other applications requiring a longterm secret key. Using empirical data and a prototype implementation of our scheme, we give evidence that our approach is viable in practice, in terms of ease of use, improved security, and performance