gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of monocyte count at presentation in mantle cell lymphoma (2013)

An increased number of circulating monocytes at presentation has recently been associated with shorter survival in Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. This study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of the absolute monocyte count (AMC) at diagnosis in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). AMC at diagnosis was available in 97 MCL cases recorded in the databases of the Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland in Bellinzona (Switzerland) and the Division of Haematology of the Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont in Novara (Italy). With a median follow up of 7 years, the 5-year overall survival was 29% for patients with AMC >0·50 × 10(9) /l and 62% for patients with AMC ≤0·50 × 10(9) /l (P = 0·008). Elevated AMC and beta-2 microglobulin at diagnosis remained independent outcome predictors at multivariate analysis, controlling for the MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI), and have been used to build a simple prognostic scoring system. In this relatively small and heterogeneous series an increased AMC identified poor-risk patients. Our results suggest that AMC together with the beta-2 microglobulin level might provide an inexpensive way to stratify MCL patient risk as a complement to the MIPI, which was confirmed to be a very powerful prognostic tool.
Predicting Load Harmonics in Three Phase Systems Using Neural Networks (2006)

This paper proposes a artificial neural network (ANN) based method for the problem of measuring the actual harmonic current injected into a power system network by three phase nonlinear loads without disconnecting any loads from the network. The ANN directly estimates or identifies the nonlinear admittance (or impedance) of the load by using the measured values of voltage and current waveforms. The output of this ANN is a waveform of the current that the load would have injected into the network if the load had been supplied from a sinusoidal voltage source and is therefore a direct measure of load harmonics
Mapping of Sargassum meadow for estimation biomass by side scan sonar (2023)

Abstract Sargassum meadows play important roles in coastal ecosystems, CO2 fixing, and others. Estimation of their biomass helps conservation of meadows and estimation of the amount of fixed CO2 for blue carbon projects. Most sonars are inefficient in shallow waters because their swaths are limited by water depth. Side scan sonar (SSS) creates a detailed image of the bottom efficiently, even in shallow waters transmitting wide beams. We towed SSS from the ship’s side and scanned the meadow of Sargassum horneri at a small beach in Otsuchi Bay on the Sanriku Coast of Japan during the growing season of 2022. For the truthing, we surveyed with the underwater camera and Single beam echo sounder (SBES) to compare with SSS data. SSS scanned the sea floor of the beach to detect seaweed echoes. The beach consists of a sandy area and a rocky shore. The seaweeds were discriminated from the sand and rocks by their acoustic shadows, and we pinpointed their locations, although the background reflectance strength and pattern were different between the two areas. To estimate the canopy heights, we measured the acoustic shadow lengths of the seaweeds. However, the shadows of the seaweeds, which are located very near to the sonar, are too short to measure. Therefore, we developed a new method to measure their heights from acoustic reflections instead. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of side scan sonar for mapping Sargassum meadows in shallow waters and estimating their canopy heights with a novel method, which leads to precise biomass estimation.
Evaluating the label efficiency of contrastive self-supervised learning for multi-resolution satellite imagery (2022)

The application of deep neural networks to remote sensing imagery is often constrained by the lack of ground-truth annotations. Adressing this issue requires models that generalize efficiently from limited amounts of labeled data, allowing us to tackle a wider range of Earth observation tasks. Another challenge in this domain is developing algorithms that operate at variable spatial resolutions, e.g., for the problem of classifying land use at different scales. Recently, self-supervised learning has been applied in the remote sensing domain to exploit readily-available unlabeled data, and was shown to reduce or even close the gap with supervised learning. In this paper, we study self-supervised visual representation learning through the lens of label efficiency, for the task of land use classification on multi-resolution/multi-scale satellite images. We benchmark two contrastive self-supervised methods adapted from Momentum Contrast (MoCo) and provide evidence that these methods can be perform effectively given little downstream supervision, where randomly initialized networks fail to generalize. Moreover, they outperform out-of-domain pretraining alternatives. We use the large-scale fMoW dataset to pretrain and evaluate the networks, and validate our observations with transfer to the RESISC45 dataset.
Study of the Formation and Quick Growth of Thick Oxide Films Using Platinum Nanoelectrodes as a Model Electrocatalyst (2014)

We report a study of the formation and quick growth of thick films of platinum oxide on platinum nanoelectrodes at low anodic potentials. Here, structurally well-defined platinum nanoelectrodes are used as a model platform for nanoscale platinum electrocatalysts. Platinum films are formed on the surface of the nanoelectrode upon application of a constant anodic potential in an acidic environment for an extended time period. A current spike is initially observed, which is attributed to capacitance charging, the oxidation of water, and the initial oxidation of the platinum surface. A finite residual current follows the initial current spike, which is composed of both water oxidation and the oxidation of platinum metal concealed beneath the growing oxide layer. These films are observed to be structurally irreversible, grow to be relatively thick, and protrude out of the glass insulating material encasing the nanoelectrode due to the added volume of the oxygen incorporated into the growing platinum oxide film. Once reduced, the platinum metal remains protruding out of the glass, and its presence is confirmed by both SEM imaging and cyclic voltammetry. Steady-state voltammetric data shows a finite increase in the diffusion-limited faradaic current of the nanoelectrode, relative to the initial steady-state current, after the oxidation/reduction of the platinum which is due to an increased area of the protruding platinum metal. A minimum apparent rate of ∼1.2 nm/min can be calculated for the growth of the platinum oxide film. The use of platinum nanoelectrodes has shown several distinct advantages in this study, including better control of the size and morphology of the individual electrocatalysts, the ability to image using electron microscopy, and the ability to use voltammetry to evaluate the geometry of the electrode quickly.
Facile synthetic approach to novel core-extended perylene carboximide dyes (2005)

The straightforward synthesis of two new classes of core-extended perylene chromophores, dibenzocoronene tetracarboxdiimide and indenoperylene dicarboxmonoimide, proves that directional enlargement of the aromatic pi-system leads to tailored bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts.
Growth hormone stimulates IGF I gene expression in isolated rat renal collecting duct (1990)

To determine whether growth hormone (GH) directly stimulates insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) gene expression in renal collecting duct, plasma membranes prepared from collecting ducts isolated from rat kidney, and collecting ducts themselves were incubated in presence and absence of GH. GH enhanced phospholipase C activity in collecting duct plasma membranes establishing the potential for GH-signal transduction. Inclusion of GH in suspensions of collecting ducts increased production of immunoreactive IGF I in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Production was stimulated significantly by addition of 10(-10), 10(-8), or 10(-6) M GH to suspensions for 2 h. IGF I produced in isolated collecting ducts was released into the suspending media. Levels of IGF I mRNA in collecting ducts were increased 2.8-fold after incubation with 10(-6) M GH in vitro. IGF I of collecting duct origin was indistinguishable from recombinant human IGF I in terms of its size and receptor-binding characteristics. Our findings demonstrate a direct action of GH to enhance collecting duct IGF I gene expression in vitro. Such enhancement is likely to reflect the mechanism by which GH stimulates renal IGF I production in intact kidney.
A Step by Step Protocol for Subretinal Surgery in Rabbits (2016)

Age related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and other RPE related diseases are the most common causes for irreversible loss of vision in adults in industrially developed countries. RPE transplantation appears to be a promising therapy, as it may replace dysfunctional RPE, restore its function, and thereby vision. Here we describe a method for transplanting a cultured RPE monolayer on a scaffold into the subretinal space (SRS) of rabbits. After vitrectomy xenotransplants were delivered into the SRS using a custom made shooter consisting of a 20-gauge metallic nozzle with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated plunger. The current technique evolved in over 150 rabbit surgeries over 6 years. Post-operative follow-up can be obtained using non-invasive and repetitive in vivo imaging such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) followed by perfusion-fixed histology. The method has well-defined steps for easy learning and high success rate. Rabbits are considered a large eye animal model useful in preclinical studies for clinical translation. In this context rabbits are a cost-efficient and perhaps convenient alternative to other large eye animal models.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of 4‐Fluoroprolines. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Potential of optical coherence tomography for early diagnosis of oral malignancies (2010)

With nearly 1,500,000 new patients diagnosed every year in the USA, cancer poses a considerable challenge to healthcare today. Oral cancer is responsible for a sizeable portion of deaths due to cancer, primarily because it is diagnosed at a late stage when the prognosis is poor. Current methods for diagnosing oral cancer need to be augmented by better early detection, monitoring and screening modalities. A new approach is needed that provides real-time, accurate, noninvasive diagnosis. The results of early clinical trials using in vivo optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of oral dysplasia and malignancy are encouraging.
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme glucan 1,4‐α‐maltohydrolase from the genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis strain NZYM‐SD (2022)

The food enzyme glucan 1,4-α-maltohydrolase (4-α-d-glucan α-maltohydrolase; 3.2.1.133) is produced with the genetically modified <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> strain NZYM-SD by Novozymes A/S. The genetic modifications did not give rise to safety concerns. The production strain has been shown to qualify for Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) status. The food enzyme is free from viable cells of the production organism and its DNA. The food enzyme is intended to be used in three food manufacturing processes, namely baking processes and brewing processes and starch processing for glucose syrup production and other starch hydrolysates. Since residual amounts of total organic solids (TOS) are removed by the purification steps applied during the production of glucose syrups, dietary exposure was calculated only for baking and brewing processes. Dietary exposure was estimated to be up to 0.57 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Given the QPS status of the production strain and the lack of hazards resulting from the food enzyme manufacturing process, toxicological studies were not considered necessary. Similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens was searched and four matches were found. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions upon dietary exposure to this food enzyme cannot be excluded, but the likelihood of such reactions to occur is considered to be low. Based on the data provided, the QPS status of the production strain and the absence of issues arising from the production process, the Panel concluded that the food enzyme glucan 1,4-α-maltohydrolase produced with the genetically modified <i>B. licheniformis</i> strain NZYM-SD does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
L-Arginine Potentiates Negative Inotropic and Metabolic Effects to Myocardium Partly through the Amiloride Sensitive Mechanism. (2002)

Recently, cytokines have been proposed to cause cellular injury by nitric oxide (NO.) mediated pathway and L-arginine has been proposed to impair intracellular pH (pH(i)) regulation via vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase in macrophage. We conducted this investigation on Langendorff perfused hearts of rabbits to elucidate the mechanisms involving the NO. precursor L-arginine on myocardial contractile function, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and intracellular alkalinization and tested the effects of amiloride. L-Arginine caused a significant loss of contractile function (96+/-4 mmHg in control, 53+/-16 during L-arginine perfusion, p<0.01) and a significant increase of pH(i) (7.01+/-0.02 prearginine infusion, 7.08+/-0.03 at the end of L-arginine infusion, p<0.01) along with decreased oxygen consumption (MVO(2)) (0.94+/-0.32 ml/min/g dry wt.), increased lactate release, and a loss of creatine phosphate (15% loss). Amiloride could prevent the cell alkalinization and contractile dysfunction, but not the derangement of oxidative metabolism caused by L-arginine in myocytes. We conclude that L-arginine has two distinct effects upon the myocardium: (1) an amiloride-sensitive loss of contractile function associated with intracellular alkalinization; and (2) an amiloride-insensitive inhibition of oxidative metabolism, possibly because of increased myocardial NO. production.
Simulation of Slug Flow in Oil and Gas PIpelines Using a New Transient Simulator (2012)

Abstract LedaFlow® is a new transient multiphase flow simulator which includes 1Dmulti-fluid models consisting of mass, momentum and energy conservationequations for each field (continuous, bubble and droplet), as well ascompositional tracking. In this paper, a new method called Slug Capturing isemployed for slug flow, and the results analyzed and compared with the fielddata of two different fields. Additionally, for some cases, differences betweenthe new simulator and another commercially available transient code results arecompared and analyzed. The first case corresponds to the production of a TOTAL-operated field in theUK. Produced fluids from the wells are transported through a 21 km long,16-inch multiphase flowline from the well platforms to the central receivingfacilities. The multiphase line (gas/oil/water) must be operated in a narrowrange of pressure and flow rate conditions in order to avoid severe sluggingissues. Flow patterns are compared for various water cuts and superficial gasvelocities. When severe slugging is observed, slug characteristics (frequency, length) are analyzed and compared to simulator predictions. The second case is from a CONOCOPHILLIPS-operated North Sea asset. The 3-phase,18-inch ID oil flow line runs 3.7 km from a wellhead platform to a centralprocessing platform. The line drops approximately 6 m over the last 3 km beforeflowing up a 130 m riser. The pipeline exhibits severe riser slugging which isnot adequately modeled by conventional transient models, due to the complexinterplay between hydrodynamic and riser slugging, as well as 3-phase effects. Slug frequencies and lengths are analyzed and compared to predictions. Background The LedaFlow 1D Model In this paper, the LedaFlow® 1D Slug Capturing model has been used to simulatethe field cases. The 1D model employs a three-fluid-nine-field modeling conceptto simulate the thermo- and hydrodynamics of the gas-oil-water three-phase flowin pipeline systems. In this approach, the various phases are assumed to flowin continuous zones and in the form of dispersed droplets within another zone. For instance, oil is transported in the form of continuous oil, oil droplets inthe water zone, and oil droplets in the gas zone. In a three-phase situation, the flow generally consists of three zones and nine fields. The momentum andenergy conservation equations are solved for each of the three zones, while themass equation is solved for all nine fields, yielding 15 conservation equationsaltogether.
The effect of oligosaccharide chains of different sizes on the maturation and physical properties of the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. (1981)

The envelope glycoprotein, G, of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is initially glycosylated by the en bloc transfer of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides to 2 specific asparagine residues in the nascent polypeptide chain. We carried out in vivo and in vitro studies to determine whether the size of the oligosaccharide chains on two related but different G proteins can affect their ability to fold correctly. For the in vivo studies we used a mutant lymphoma cell line, Thy-1-e, which transfers the truncated oligosaccharide, Glc3Man5GlcNAc2, to nascent polypeptides. The growth of VSV in these cells was temperature-sensitive compared to that in parental Thy-1+ cells, and VSV (San Juan) was more affected than VSV (Orsay). These results are congruous with our previous observation that in the absence of glycosylation virus assembly is temperature-sensitive and VSV (San Juan) is inhibited more than VSV (Orsay). To examine the effect of oligosaccharide size on the properties of the G protein in vitro we treated G proteins containing either Man8GlcNAc2 or Man5GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide chains with guanidine hydrochloride and measured their ability to refold using an in vitro aggregation assay. The San Juan G protein with Man5GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides aggregated at 40 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C. The Orsay G protein with Man5GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides and both proteins containing Man8GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides did not aggregate at either temperature. We conclude that the size of the oligosaccharides present on the folding G protein can be crucial in attaining a proper conformation, and the extent of their effect depends on the primary structure of the polypeptide.
Single nucleotide polymorphism of the AXIN2 gene is preferentially associated with human lung cancer risk in a Japanese population (2006)

The AXIN2 gene, a negative regulator gene of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, is a putative tumor suppressor gene on human chromosome 17q24. In the genomic locus on which the AXIN2 gene is located, allelic loss and rearrangement were frequently detected in many cancers. An association between human cancer risk and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 50 of the AXIN2 gene, encoding either proline (CCT) or serine (TCT), remains undefined. We, therefore, investigated the distribution of the SNP at codon 50 in 110 healthy controls and 160 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, 113 patients with colorectal cancer, and 63 patients with head and neck cancer. We found that the frequency of the homozygous T/T (Ser/Ser) genotype was significantly less in lung cancer patients (5.0%) than in healthy controls (13.6%) (p=0.005). As compared with the C/C (Pro/Pro) genotype of the controls, lung cancer patients with the T/T genotype showed reduced risk of cancer; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for patients with the homozygous T/T (Ser/Ser) genotype was 0.31 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12-0.79). The association was particularly strong in lung cancer patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) (adjusted OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.81), with well-differentiated grade cancer (adjusted OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.99) and with moderately-differentiated grade cancer (adjusted OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04-0.85). These results suggest that the AXIN2 Pro50Ser SNP is associated with development of lung cancer as a protective SNP, while an association between the AXIN2 SNP and risk of colorectal cancer and of head and neck cancer was not observed. This is the first report to show an association between the AXIN2 SNP and lung cancer risk.
Asteroseismology of the β Cephei star 12 (DD) Lacertae: photometric observations, pulsational frequency analysis and mode identification (2005)

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Globally Optimal Spectrum- and Energy-Efficient Beamforming for Rate Splitting Multiple Access (2022)

Rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) is a promising non-orthogonal transmission strategy for next-generation wireless networks. It has been shown to outperform existing multiple access schemes in terms of spectral and energy efficiency when suboptimal beamforming schemes are employed. In this work, we fill the gap between suboptimal and truly optimal beamforming schemes and conclusively establish the superior spectral and energy efficiency of RSMA. To this end, we propose a successive incumbent transcending (SIT) branch and bound (BB) algorithm to find globally optimal beamforming solutions that maximize the weighted sum rate or energy efficiency of RSMA in Gaussian multiple-input single-output (MISO) broadcast channels. Numerical results show that RSMA exhibits an explicit globally optimal spectral and energy efficiency gain over conventional multi-user linear precoding (MU-LP) and power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Compared to existing globally optimal beamforming algorithms for MU-LP, the proposed SIT BB not only improves the numerical stability but also achieves faster convergence. Moreover, for the first time, we show that the spectral/energy efficiency of RSMA achieved by suboptimal beamforming schemes (including weighted minimum mean squared error (WMMSE) and successive convex approximation) almost coincides with the corresponding globally optimal performance, making it a valid choice for performance comparisons. The globally optimal results provided in this work are imperative to the ongoing research on RSMA as they serve as benchmarks for existing suboptimal beamforming strategies and those to be developed in multi-antenna broadcast channels.