gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subthreshold Diode Micropulse Laser Photocoagulation (SDM) as Invisible Retinal Phototherapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Review (2012)

The discovery of clinically effective and harmless SDM treatment for DME offers exciting new information that will improve our understanding of laser treatment for retinal disease, expand treatment indications, and improve patient outcomes.
Comparison of foam-based and spring-loaded dry EEG electrodes with wet electrodes in resting and moving conditions (2015)

The introduction of dry electrodes for EEG measurements has opened up possibilities of recording EEG outside of standard clinical environments by reducing required preparation and maintenance. However, the signal quality of dry electrodes in comparison with wet electrodes has not yet been evaluated under activities of daily life (ADL) or high motion tasks. In this study, we compared the performances of foam-based and spring-loaded dry electrodes with wet electrodes under three different task conditions: resting state, walking, and cycling. Our analysis showed that signals obtained by the 2 types of dry electrodes and obtained by wet electrodes displayed high correlation for all conditions, while being prone to similar environmental and electrode-based artifacts. Overall, our results suggest that dry electrodes have a similar signal quality in comparison to wet electrodes during motion and may be more practical for use in mobile and real-time motion applications due to their convenience. In addition, we conclude that as with wet electrodes, post-processing can mitigate motion artifacts in ambulatory EEG acquisition.
Genetic Transformation of the Indonesian Black Orchid (Coelogyn pandurata) through Agrobactrium tumefaciens for Micropropagation (2010)

The black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindley) is an endemic orchid from East Kalimantan, that is characterized by the large size of flowers, with greenish sepals and petals, with a black labellum. Recently, the population of this orchid was decreased and its extinction threatened to be extinct because of overcollecting and/or habitat destruction. The mass propagation of this orchid is urgently needed. Micropropagation of the black orchid was carried out by introducing the Arabidopsis gene Knotted1-like Arabidopsis thaliana (KNAT1) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. As the plant materials, four-month-old protocorms that were maintained on Vacin and Went (VW) medium were used with 3 replications. The experiment was carried out in three steps: 1) Obtaining the most suitable basic medium (Vacin and Went, VW; New Phalaenopsis, NP; Murashige dan Skoog, MS; and KNUDSON C, KC); 2) Selection of the best phase of developing protocorms for gene transfer; 3) and Genetic transformation of plasmid 35S-KNAT1 and pGreen (empty vector plasmid) using A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 into orchid protocorms. The results show that the best medium for in vitro culture of the black orchid protocorm is a half strength of MS (1/2 MS) medium that could increase the growth rate of 9.6% protocorms up to phase 6 after 12-week cultivation. But after 12 weeks, the best medium for shoot induction to obtain plantlets is NP medium, so that 11.5% protocorms become plantlets with three leaves. The best condition for gene transfer is five-month-old protocorm. The frequency of genetic transformation using A. tumefaciens is 32.9% for pGreen vektor and 43.2% for p35S-KNAT1. This work is in progress.
Applications of MICP source for next-generation photomask process (2000)

As critical dimensions of photomask extends into submicron range, critical dimension uniformity, edge roughness, macro loading effect, and pattern slope become tighter than before. Fabrication of photomask relies on the ability to pattern features with anisotropic profile. To improve critical dimension uniformity, dry etcher is one of the solution and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources have become one of promising high density plasma sources for dry etcher. In this paper, we have utilized dry etcher system with multi-pole ICP source for Cr etch and MoSi etch and have investigated critical dimension uniformity, slope, and defects. We will present dry etch process data by process optimization of newly designed dry etcher system. The designed pattern area is 132 by 132 mm<SUP>2</SUP> with 23 by 23 matrix test patterns. 3 (sigma) of critical dimension uniformity is below 12 nm at 0.8 - 3.0 micrometers . In most cases, we can obtain zero defect masks which is operated by face- down loading.
Classical Approaches to Authentication and Key Agreement (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Existing Mobile Security Solutions General‐Purpose Approaches to Authentication and Key Management Requirements for GAA References
Rat macrophages: membrane glycoproteins in differentiation and function (2001)

Macrophages (mphi) play a crucial role in the immune system. The rat offers unique advantages for studying the biology of mphi. Firstly, monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against many rat mphi surface glycoproteins have become available. These have not only demonstrated a considerable heterogeneity among mphi, but have also allowed the characterization of various mphi surface molecules in terms of structure, expression regulation and function. Furthermore, substantial numbers of rat mphi can be isolated from various sites (e.g. blood, peritoneal cavity, lung and other tissues), enabling proper molecular and functional analysis of these mphi populations. Finally, a number of (unique) experimental models for human diseases have been developed in the rat, making possible the evaluation of the involvement of mphi in pathogenesis. For this, a method for the selective elimination of mphi from various tissues in vivo has proven very useful. Here, we will review the contribution that the rat has made to understanding the immunobiology of mphi. In particular, we will discuss the surface (glyco)proteins on rat mphi in differentiation and function, and the involvement of mphi in rat models of disease.
A 128 X 128 120db 30mw asynchronous vision sensor that responds to relative intensity change (2006)

A vision sensor responds to temporal contrast with asynchronous output. Each pixel independently and continuously quantizes changes in log intensity. The 128X128-pixel chip has 120dB illumination operating range and consumes 30mW. Pixels respond in <100mus at 1klux scene illumination with <10% contrast-threshold FPN
Supplementary Figure S1 from Phase I, Dose-Escalation, Two-Part Trial of the PARP Inhibitor Talazoparib in Patients with Advanced Germline &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt; Mutations and Selected Sporadic Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Talazoparib inhibition of PBMC PARP activity.&lt;/p&gt;
Ex vivo DNA Assembly (2013)

Even with decreasing DNA synthesis costs there remains a need for inexpensive, rapid, and reliable methods for assembling synthetic DNA into larger constructs or combinatorial libraries. Advances in cloning techniques have resulted in powerful <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assembly of DNA. However, monetary and time costs have limited these approaches. Here, we report an <i>ex vivo</i> DNA assembly method that uses cellular lysates derived from a commonly used laboratory strain of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for joining double-stranded DNA with short end homologies embedded within inexpensive primers. This method concurrently shortens the time and decreases costs associated with current DNA assembly methods.
Changing the Culture of Science Education at Research Universities (2011)

Universities must better recognize, reward, and support the efforts of researchers who are also excellent and dedicated teachers.
Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Investigations of Mono‐ and Binuclear Cobalt(<scp>II</scp>) Complexes of “Figure‐Eight” Octapyrrolic Macrocycles (2004)

Abstract In this paper, electrochemical investigations of a set of three cyclooctaphyrin complexes containing divalent cobalt are reported. These complexes are the homodinuclear cobalt‐cobalt complex Co 2 L 1 with the ligand H 4 L 1 , the mononuclear cobalt complex CoH 2 L 2 and the heterodinuclear copper( II )‐cobalt complex CoCuL 2 with the ligand H 4 L 2 . All of these species undergo two reduction and three oxidation processes, all of which are reversible one‐electron transfers. The two reduction and first two oxidation steps are ligand‐centered, as confirmed by spectroelectrochemical investigations. In contrast, the third oxidation corresponds to a metal‐centered reversible one‐electron transfer. The metal‐centered oxidation steps occur at lower potentials than the third oxidation steps of the free bases. UV/Visible spectral changes observed during oxidation confirm a metal‐centered oxidation generating a cobalt( III ) cation, which is rather unusual when compared with cobalt porphyrin complexes, in which the oxidation of the metal usually occurs before the oxidation of the ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Regeneration of Articular Cartilage Chondral Defects by Osteogenic Protein-1 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7) in Sheep (2001)

The efficacy of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1; BMP-7) in regeneration of articular cartilage was examined by creating knee chondral defects in sheep. With a specially designed instrument in both knees, two 10 mm (diameter) chondral defects were created: one in the trochlea and the other on the femoral condyle. The recombinant BMP was delivered via an extra-articulary positioned mini-osmotic pump, which was fixed to the femoral diaphysis above the knee joint, and connected by a polyethylene tubing to the articular space. Prior to use, the compatibility of OP-1 with mini-osmotic pumps was tested in vitro by measuring aggregation/precipitation and modification of the released protein by size exclusion and reversed phase HPLC. The average amount of aggregation was 15% and about 5% of OP-1 was modified. However, the biological activity of OP-1 released from pumps over a period of 2 weeks at 37 degrees C was equal to ROS cell assay OP-1 standard. Following surgery, a total of 55 microg (low dose) or 170 microg (high dose) OP-1 in acetate buffer (pH 4.5) was slowly released from the pump over a period of 2 weeks. The pumps connected to control knees were filled with acetate buffer as a vehicle. Twelve animals were operated, six of which were treated with the low OP-1 dose, and six with the high OP-1 dose. Three sheep of each group were killed either at 3 or 6 months following surgery, based on arthroscopical evaluation. The chondral defects in the control knees remained empty during the observation period. At 3 months following surgery, defects treated with both OP-1 doses were filled with connective tissue and cartilage. At 6 months following surgery, both doses of OP-1 stimulated regeneration in treated knees. The boundaries between new and old cartilage were well fused and mechanically resisted animals' weight bearing. The regenerated cartilage was rich in proteoglycans and type II collagen, as demonstrated by toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry. No signs of endochondral bone formation above the bony tidemark were observed. We suggest that a recombinant bone morphogenctic protein stimulates ingrowth of mesenchymal cells into the chondral defects which then transform into newly formed articular cartilage-like tissue.
Local Gating of Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Local effects of multiple electrostatic gates placed beneath carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are reported. Single-walled carbon nanotubes were grown by CVD from Fe catalyst islands across thin Mo “finger gates” (∼150 nm × 10 nm). Prior to tube growth, several finger gates were patterned lithographically and subsequently coated with a patterned high-κ dielectric using low-temperature atomic layer deposition. Transport measurements demonstrate that local finger gates have an effect that is distinct from that of a global backgate.
Process optimization for Potential Induced Degradation improvement on cell level (2013)

The Potential Induced Degradation (PID) has been known one of the important quality indexes of photovoltaic cells and modules in last few years. There have been several PID stability test methods and researches to explain the root cause of PID to achieve one common goal, a robust PV cell/module/system for longer lifetime. In this study, we have demonstrated process optimization techniques to improve cell-level PID performance. The Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC) layer has been optimized for better film quality. Further optimization of dual ARC layer design is applied to improve PID resistant capability. By using above techniques, within 5% degradation and no EL darkened area after PID test was obtained. Furthermore, it is known that PID performance and cell efficiency are trade-off, better PID performance will cause efficiency degradation. In this study, we successfully demonstrated cell efficiency gain by 0.3%abs with our PID-free process. Detailed process and PID measurement results will be discussed based on optimized process techniques.
A pharmacogenomic method for individualized prediction of drug sensitivity (2011)

Identifying the best drug for each cancer patient requires an efficient individualized strategy. We present MATCH (Merging genomic and pharmacologic Analyses for Therapy CHoice), an approach using public genomic resources and drug testing of fresh tumor samples to link drugs to patients. Valproic acid (VPA) is highlighted as a proof-of-principle. In order to predict specific tumor types with high probability of drug sensitivity, we create drug response signatures using publically available gene expression data and assess sensitivity in a data set of >40 cancer types. Next, we evaluate drug sensitivity in matched tumor and normal tissue and exclude cancer types that are no more sensitive than normal tissue. From these analyses, breast tumors are predicted to be sensitive to VPA. A meta-analysis across breast cancer data sets shows that aggressive subtypes are most likely to be sensitive to VPA, but all subtypes have sensitive tumors. MATCH predictions correlate significantly with growth inhibition in cancer cell lines and three-dimensional cultures of fresh tumor samples. MATCH accurately predicts reduction in tumor growth rate following VPA treatment in patient tumor xenografts. MATCH uses genomic analysis with in vitro testing of patient tumors to select optimal drug regimens before clinical trial initiation.
Microscale Interfacial Polymerization on a Chip (2021)

Abstract Forming hydrogels with precise geometries is challenging and mostly done using photopolymerization, which involves toxic chemicals, rinsing steps, solvents, and bulky optical equipment. Here, we introduce a new method for in situ formation of hydrogels with a well‐defined geometry in a sealed microfluidic chip by interfacial polymerization. The geometry of the hydrogel is programmed by microfluidic design using capillary pinning structures and bringing into contact solutions containing hydrogel precursors from vicinal channels. The characteristics of the hydrogel (mesh size, molecular weight cut‐off) can be readily adjusted. This method is compatible with capillary‐driven microfluidics, fast, uses small volumes of reagents and samples, and does not require specific laboratory equipment. Our approach creates opportunities for filtration, hydrogel functionalization, and hydrogel‐based assays, as exemplified by a rapid, compact competitive immunoassay that does not require a rinsing step.
Recurrent Implementation of Integral Magnetometer Calibration Algorithm Using the Measurements of a Three-Axis Gyro (2019)

The paper addresses the practical implementation of a calibration algorithm for a magnetometer integrated in an electronic device, using synchronous measurements of a gyroscope. Recurrent expressions have been derived for accumulating the intermediate matrices, due to which there is no need for accumulating the full set of primary measurements of vector counters. An algorithm has been formulated for determining the time point when accumulation stops and calculation of calibrated parameters starts.
[Early detection and prevention of cancers in various therapeutic areas. Discussion]. (1999)

As illustrated by prostate cancer screening provides an opportunity for early intervention and treatment. However the screening test needs to detect patients with cancer with a low rate of false positives and at a stage which can be treated. Recently the concept of treating patients at high risk of developing breast cancer or suffering a recurrence has been highlighted by the western studies with Nolvadex (tamoxifen). Thus roundtable discussion (held in Tokyo) discussed the different strategies in Japan compared to US & Europe for screening & early intervention/prevention of cancer for breast, prostate, bladder, liver, lung, gynaecological & GI cancers. The range of strategies for cancer screening, how it is funded, whether it is appropriately targeted and whether there is any evidence for a beneficial effect on morbidity or mortality & future prospects for improved sensitivity through new methodology or markers were discussed. Although the relative rates of cancer vary between Japan & the West, the same factors seem to influence cancer development & the data on intervention were seen to be valid. The changing patterns of cancer in Japan suggest a clear opportunity for reducing, the incidence of cancer through lifestyle modification. For some cancers, e.g. cervical & bladder where there is a clear link between abnormal cytology & development cancer true prevention is already practiced. In other cases, preventive treatment is limited by the efficacy of available therapies. As far as drug treatment is concerned, funding of healthcare in Japan does not recognise the concept of prevention although there is, in practice, no barrier to the use of interventions where there is a clear link between biochemical/histological markers & development of cancer.
Virtual Reality Cardiac Surgical Planning Software (CorFix) for Designing Patient-Specific Vascular Grafts: Development and Pilot Usability Study (2022)

VR graft design software can quickly be taught to physicians with no engineering background or VR experience. Improving the CorFix system could improve performance of the users in customizing and optimizing grafts for patients. With graphical visualization, physicians were able to improve WSS percentage of a tube-shaped graft, lowering the chance of thrombosis. Bifurcated graft designs showed potential strength in better flow split to the lungs, reducing the risk for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
Microvasculature of liver tumors in SV‐40 transgenic rats,visualized by micro‐computed tomography (2006)

Despite the importance of the vasculature during tumorigenesis and during antiangiogenesis treatment, there are few methods available to visualize conveniently the three‐dimensional microvascular structure of tumors. Micro‐computed tomography provides a means to visualize conveniently and quantitatively the three‐dimensional tumor microvascular architecture during tumorigenesis and treatment. In the present study, micro‐computed tomography was utilized to visualize the vasculature of hepatic tumors in SV‐40 transgenic rats. The rats were anesthetized and the vasculature of the livers was infused via an aortic cannula, first with heparinized 0.9% saline, then with 10% buffered formalin and finally with radiopaque silicone rubber (Microfil 122). The livers were first scanned by micro‐CT to visualize the microvasculature and then prepared for histology to visualize the parenchyma. At 10 months of age, all transgenic rats developed gross tumors in their livers. Histological examination revealed that the malignant hepatic lesions in the livers displayed mixed structures resembling hepatoblastoma, cholangiocellular or hepatocellular differentiation in human. Various sized vessels were visible extending to the tumors. Three‐dimensional micro‐computed tomography showed that those vessels were disorganized and tortuous with atypical branching patterns. Often vascular “lakes” were found in the mass of the large tumors. These results show the utility of micro‐computed tomography for studying tumor vasculogenesis. Supported in part by NIH grant EB 000305.
Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Paclitaxel in Patients with Docetaxel-Resistant Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2016)

There is no or incomplete clinical cross-resistance between PTX and DTX in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Replacement of DTX with PTX is a suitable treatment option for patients with DTX-resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Targeting surface voids to counter membrane disorders in lipointoxication-related diseases (2016)

Saturated fatty acids (SFA), which are abundant in the so-called western diet, have been shown to efficiently incorporate within membrane phospholipids and therefore impact on organelle integrity and function in many cell types. In the present study, we have developed a yeast-based two-step assay and a virtual screening strategy to identify new drugs able to counter SFA-mediated lipointoxication. The compounds identified here were effective in relieving lipointoxication in mammalian β-cells, one of the main targets of SFA toxicity in humans. In vitro reconstitutions and molecular dynamics simulations on bilayers revealed that these molecules, albeit according to different mechanisms, can generate voids at the membrane surface. The resulting surface defects correlate with the recruitment of loose lipid packing or void-sensing proteins required for vesicular budding, a central cellular process that is precluded under SFA accumulation. Taken together, the results presented here point at modulation of surface voids as a central parameter to consider in order to counter the impacts of SFA on cell function.
Redox catalysis <i>via</i> photoinduced electron transfer (2023)

This perspective article highlights redox catalysis of organic and inorganic molecules <i>via</i> photoinduced electron transfer, which is well exploited for a number of important photoredox reactions including hydrogen evolution, water oxidation and a number of synthetic applications. Organic and inorganic photoredox catalysis is also combined with thermal transition metal redox catalysis to achieve overall photocatalytic redox reactions, which would otherwise not be possible by using photoredox catalysis or thermal redox catalysis alone. Both thermodynamic and kinetic data are discussed to understand the photoinduced electron-transfer processes of organic and inorganic photoredox catalysts in the light of the Marcus theory of electron transfer, providing a comprehensive and valuable guide for employing organic and inorganic redox catalysts <i>via</i> photoinduced electron transfer. The excited states of electron donors including radicals and anions act as super-reductants in the photoinduced electron-transfer reactions, whereas the excited states of electron acceptors including cations act as super-oxidants in the photoinduced electron-transfer reactions. Photoexcitation of simple electron donor-acceptor linked molecules with small reorganization energies of electron transfer results in formation of long-lived electron-transfer states, which can oxidize and reduce substrates to make various chemical transformations possible with use of transition metal redox catalysis. Finally molecular model systems of photosystems I and II are combined to achieve water splitting to evolve H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>.