gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MVPN: Using Bidirectional P-Tunnels (2014)

A set of prior RFCs specify procedures for supporting multicast in
BGP/MPLS IP VPNs. These procedures allow customer multicast data to
travel across a service provider's backbone network through a set
of multicast tunnels. The tunnels are advertised in certain BGP
multicast auto-discovery routes, by means of a BGP attribute known
as the Provider Multicast Service Interface (PMSI) Tunnel attribute.
Encodings have been defined that allow the PMSI Tunnel attribute to
identify bidirectional (multipoint-to-multipoint) multicast
distribution trees. However, the prior RFCs do not provide all the
necessary procedures for using bidirectional tunnels to support
multicast VPNs. This document updates RFCs 6513 and 6625 by specifying
those procedures. In particular, it specifies the procedures for
assigning customer multicast flows (unidirectional or bidirectional)
to specific bidirectional tunnels in the provider backbone, for
advertising such assignments, and for determining which flows have
been assigned to which tunnels.
Synthèse optimale de contrôleurs discrets et systèmes répartis tolérants aux fautes (2007)

National audience
Long-lasting desynchronization by decoupling stimulation (2020)

The authors use decoupling stimulation to study neuronal synchronization. The paper analyzes the decoupling potential of different stimulation patterns and present a random reset stimulation algorithm which induces parameter-robust long-lasting desynchronization that persists after cessation of stimulation
Locally monotonic regression (1993)

The concept of local monotonicity appears in the study of the set of root signals of the median filter and provides a measure of the smoothness of the signal. The median filter is a suboptimal smoother under this measure of smoothness, since a filter pass does necessarily yield a locally monotonic output; even if a locally monotonic output does result, there is no guarantee that it will possess other desirable properties such as optimal similarity to the original signal. Locally monotonic regression is a technique for the optimal smoothing of finite-length discrete real signals under such a criterion. A theoretical framework in which the existence of locally monotonic regression is proved and algorithms for their computation are given. Regression is considered as an approximation problem in R/sub n/, the criterion of approximation is derived from a semimetric, and the approximating set is the collection of signals sharing the property of being locally monotonic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dualistic role of platelets in living donor liver transplantation: Are they harmful? (2022)

Platelets are anucleate fragments mainly involved in hemostasis and thrombosis, and there is emerging evidence that platelets have other nonhemostatic potentials in inflammation, angiogenesis, regeneration and ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R injury), which are involved in the physiological and pathological processes during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). LDLT is sometimes associated with impaired regeneration and severe I/R injury, leading to postoperative complications and decreased patient survival. Recent studies have suggested that perioperative thrombocytopenia is associated with poor graft regeneration and postoperative morbidity in the short and long term after LDLT. Although it is not fully understood whether thrombocytopenia is the cause or result, increasing platelet counts are frequently suggested to improve posttransplant outcomes in clinical studies. Based on rodent experiments, previous studies have identified that platelets stimulate liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. However, the role of platelets in LDLT is controversial, as platelets are supposed to aggravate I/R injury in the liver. Recently, a rat model of partial liver transplantation (LT) was used to demonstrate that thrombopoietin-induced thrombocytosis prior to surgery accelerated graft regeneration and improved the survival rate after transplantation. It was clarified that platelet-derived liver regeneration outweighed the associated risk of I/R injury after partial LT. Clinical strategies to increase perioperative platelet counts, such as thrombopoietin, thrombopoietin receptor agonist and platelet transfusion, may improve graft regeneration and survival after LDLT.
Do Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosed at a Young Age Have More Severe Disease Activity than Patients Diagnosed when Older? (2010)

Certain clinical features and the extent of disease in UC patients appear to be more severe when the disease is diagnosed at younger age; however, their disease course and prognosis might not be different from those of their older counterparts.
Differential monocyte/macrophage interleukin‐1β production due to biomaterial topography requires the β2 integrin signaling pathway (2010)

Monocytes/macrophages are crucial mediators of the host response to biomaterials, and their level of activation can be directly affected by material characteristics. Previous work has demonstrated that primary human monocytes cultured on polytetrafluoroethylene materials of varying topography but identical surface chemistry are differentially affected. Monocytes/macrophages on biaxially-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene with an average intranodal distance of 4.4 μm (4.4-ePTFE) produced higher levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) compared with monocytes/macrophages on nonporous polytetrafluoroethylene (np-PTFE). The current study provides a mechanistic understanding of this response. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that monocytes/macrophages cultured on np-PTFE were more spread than those on 4.4-ePTFE. In addition, the actin cytoskeleton and intact β2 integrin receptors were necessary for IL-1β production by monocytes/macrophages on 4.4-ePTFE. This IL-1β production also required the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B, another component of the β2 integrin signaling pathway, although it may not be the primary transcription factor involved. These studies demonstrate the importance of several β2 integrin signaling components to the monocyte/macrophage response to biomaterial topography.
Distributed resource discovery and management in the XenoServers platform (2005)

In this paper we present the main ideas behind the design of the XenoServers distributed platform, which substantiates a public infrastructure for wide-area distributed computing. We present our initial design of the distributed architecture, and emphasize on ways of locating and administering distributed resources in this large-scale, federated platform. The XenoServers global infrastructure is essential to address several fundamental problems of today, such as communication latency, network bottlenecks and long-haul network charges.
Automated <i>de novo</i> sequencing of proteins by tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (2000)

A de novo sequencing program for proteins is described that uses tandem MS data from electron capture dissociation and collisionally activated dissociation of electrosprayed protein ions. Computer automation is used to convert the fragment ion mass values derived from these spectra into the most probable protein sequence, without distinguishing Leu/Ile. Minimum human input is necessary for the data reduction and interpretation. No extra chemistry is necessary to distinguish N- and C-terminal fragments in the mass spectra, as this is determined from the electron capture dissociation data. With parts-per-million mass accuracy (now available by using higher field Fourier transform MS instruments), the complete sequences of ubiquitin (8.6 kDa) and melittin (2.8 kDa) were predicted correctly by the program. The data available also provided 91% of the cytochrome c (12.4 kDa) sequence (essentially complete except for the tandem MS-resistant region K(13)-V(20) that contains the cyclic heme). Uncorrected mass values from a 6-T instrument still gave 86% of the sequence for ubiquitin, except for distinguishing Gln/Lys. Extensive sequencing of larger proteins should be possible by applying the algorithm to pieces of approximately 10-kDa size, such as products of limited proteolysis.
Challenges in Taste Chemistry and Biology (2003)

The presence of savory peptides in moromi has been investigated. Moromi was prepared by fermenting yellow soybean using Aspergillus oryzae as the starter at the first step (mold fermentation) and 20% brine solution at the next step (brine fermentation). The moromi was then ultrafiltered stepwise using membranes with MW cut-offs of 10,000, 3,000, and 500 Da, respectively. The fraction with MW &lt; 500 Da was chromatographed using Sephadex G-25 SF to yield four fractions, 1-4. Analysis of soluble peptides, NaCl content, alpha-amino nitrogen, amino acid composition, peptide profile using CE coupled with DAD, taste profile and free glutamic acid content, were performed for each fraction. Fraction 2 contained a relatively high total glutamic acid content, but a relatively low free glutamic acid content and had the highest umami taste. This fraction also had more peptides containing non-aromatic amino acids than the other fractions. The peptides present in fraction 2 may play a role, at least in part, in its intense umami taste.
Halide-selective, proton-coupled anion transport by phenylthiosemicarbazones (2021)

Phenylthiosemicarbazones (PTSCs) are proton-coupled anion transporters with pH-switchable behaviour known to be regulated by an imine protonation equilibrium. Previously, chloride/nitrate exchange by PTSCs was found to be inactive at pH 7.2 due to locking of the thiourea anion binding site by an intramolecular hydrogen bond, and switched ON upon imine protonation at pH 4.5. The rate-determining process of the pH switch, however, was not examined. We here develop a new series of PTSCs and demonstrate their conformational behaviour by X-ray crystallographic analysis and pH-switchable anion transport properties by liposomal assays. We report the surprising finding that the protonated PTSCs are extremely selective for halides over oxyanions in membrane transport. Owing to the high chloride over nitrate selectivity, the pH-dependent chloride/nitrate exchange of PTSCs originates from the rate-limiting nitrate transport process being inhibited at neutral pH.
Supplementary Table 5 from Isoform-Specific Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors Exert Distinct Effects in Solid Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Table 5 from Isoform-Specific Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors Exert Distinct Effects in Solid Tumors
Calibration and registration of a freehand video-guided surgical drill for orthopaedic trauma (2020)

Pelvic trauma surgical procedures rely heavily on guidance with 2D fluoroscopy views for navigation in complex bone corridors. This "fluoro-hunting" paradigm results in extended radiation exposure and possible suboptimal guidewire placement from limited visualization of the fractures site with overlapped anatomy in 2D fluoroscopy. A novel computer vision-based navigation system for freehand guidewire insertion is proposed. The navigation framework is compatible with the rapid workflow in trauma surgery and bridges the gap between intraoperative fluoroscopy and preoperative CT images. The system uses a drill-mounted camera to detect and track poses of simple multimodality (optical/radiographic) markers for registration of the drill axis to fluoroscopy and, in turn, to CT. Surgical navigation is achieved with real-time display of the drill axis position on fluoroscopy views and, optionally, in 3D on the preoperative CT. The camera was corrected for lens distortion effects and calibrated for 3D pose estimation. Custom marker jigs were constructed to calibrate the drill axis and tooltip with respect to the camera frame. A testing platform for evaluation of the navigation system was developed, including a robotic arm for precise, repeatable, placement of the drill. Experiments were conducted for hand-eye calibration between the drill-mounted camera and the robot using the Park and Martin solver. Experiments using checkerboard calibration demonstrated subpixel accuracy [-0.01 ± 0.23 px] for camera distortion correction. The drill axis was calibrated using a cylindrical model and demonstrated sub-mm accuracy [0.14 ± 0.70 mm] and sub-degree angular deviation.
Non-Destructive Inspection of Blades. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Enhancing glycan stability <i>via</i> site-selective fluorination: modulating substrate orientation by molecular design (2020)

Single site OH → F substitution at the termini of maltotetraose leads to significantly improved hydrolytic stability towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase relative to the natural compound. To explore the effect of molecular editing, selectively modified oligosaccharides were prepared <i>via</i> a convergent α-selective strategy. Incubation experiments in purified α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and in human and murine blood serum, provide insight into the influence of fluorine on the hydrolytic stability of these clinically important scaffolds. Enhancements of <i>ca</i>. 1 order of magnitude result from these subtle single point mutations. Modification at the monosaccharide furthest from the probable enzymatic cleavage termini leads to the greatest improvement in stability. In the case of α-amylase, docking studies revealed that retentive C2-fluorination at the reducing end inverts the orientation in which the substrate is bound. A co-crystal structure of human α-amylase revealed maltose units bound at the active-site. In view of the evolving popularity of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-F bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry, and the importance of maltodextrins in bacterial imaging, this discovery begins to reconcile the information-rich nature of carbohydrates with their intrinsic hydrolytic vulnerabilities.
Symbicort (budesonide / formoterol) as a single inhaler for maintenance and reliever therapy of asthma (2007)

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A Nonsense Variant in Hephaestin Like 1 (HEPHL1) Is Responsible for Congenital Hypotrichosis in Belted Galloway Cattle (2021)

Genodermatosis such as hair disorders mostly follow a monogenic mode of inheritance. Congenital hypotrichosis (HY) belong to this group of disorders and is characterized by abnormally reduced hair since birth. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical phenotype of a breed-specific non-syndromic form of HY in Belted Galloway cattle and to identify the causative genetic variant for this recessive disorder. An affected calf born in Switzerland presented with multiple small to large areas of alopecia on the limbs and on the dorsal part of the head, neck, and back. A genome-wide association study using Swiss and US Belted Galloway cattle encompassing 12 cases and 61 controls revealed an association signal on chromosome 29. Homozygosity mapping in a subset of cases refined the HY locus to a 1.5 Mb critical interval and subsequent Sanger sequencing of protein-coding exons of positional candidate genes revealed a stop gain variant in the <i>HEPHL1</i> gene that encodes a multi-copper ferroxidase protein so-called hephaestin like 1 (c.1684A>T; p.Lys562*). A perfect concordance between the homozygous presence of this most likely pathogenic loss-of-function variant and the HY phenotype was found. Genotyping of more than 700 purebred Swiss and US Belted Galloway cattle showed the global spread of the mutation. This study provides a molecular test that will permit the avoidance of risk matings by systematic genotyping of relevant breeding animals. This rare recessive <i>HEPHL1</i>-related form of hypotrichosis provides a novel large animal model for similar human conditions. The results have been incorporated in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database (OMIA 002230-9913).
A Highly Permeable Membrane for Separation of Quercetin Obtained by Nickel(II) Ion-Mediated Molecular Imprinting (2012)

A polymer membrane imprinted with quercetin has been synthesized in the presence of nickel(II) acetate as a metal ion mediator. A mixture of methacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), tetrahydrofuran (THF) – methanol (3:1 v/v) as a solvent and Darocur® 1173 (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one) as a photoinitiator was polymerized on a track-etched membrane (pores 0.4 µm) used as a support. The polymer formed regular layers on both sides of the membrane and filled the pores. The highest initial flux of the template of 1.8 · 10−7 mol · cm−2 · h−1 was observed for its diffusion from THF/acetate buffer (20:80, v/v) into THF. Membranes polymerized with nickel(II) were both more permeable and more selective. The maximum selectivity factors, calculated by using percent permeation, were 4.5 (quercetin/rutin) and 4.9 (quercetin/naringenin).
A novel approach for characterization of exopolymeric material in sewage sludge (2006)

The digestibility of sludge is dependent on the content of organic extra-cellular polymeric substances. Currently the most appropriate and rapid assessment methods for the organic content of wastewater are the chemical oxygen demand and volatile solids values. These parameters also measure the non-biodegradable organics. We have developed a method to predict sewage sludge digestibility and the appropriate composition of enzymes needed. Sludge is treated with selected enzymes and the released products characterized using a lectin panel. One protease and several glycosidases were selected and applied under mild conditions to minimize lysis of cells in the sludge. Combinations of enzymes with and without sodium triphosphate pentabasic were studied. Partially enzymaticaly hydrolyzed extra-cellular polymeric substances and the released glycoconjugates were quantitatively determined by conventional methods. Surface plasmon resonance was used to investigate the interaction of extracts with a lectin panel.
Cryo-EM structures reveal two distinct conformational states in a picornavirus cell entry intermediate (2020)

ABSTRACT The virions of enteroviruses such as poliovirus undergo a global conformational change after binding to the cellular receptor, characterized by a 4% expansion, and opening of holes at the two and quasi-three-fold symmetry axes of the capsid. The resultant particle is called a 135S particle or A-particle and is thought to be on the pathway to a productive infection. Previously published studies have concluded that the membrane interactive peptides, namely VP4 and the N-terminus of VP1, are irreversibly externalized in the 135S particle. However, using established protocols to produce the 135S particle, and single particle cryo-electron microscopy methods, we have identified at least two unique states that we call the early and late 135S particle. Surprisingly, only in the “late” 135S particles have detectable levels of the VP1 N-terminus trapped outside the capsid. Moreover, we observe a distinct density inside the capsid that can be accounted for by VP4 that remains associated with the genome. Taken together our results conclusively demonstrate that the 135S particle is not a unique conformation, but rather a family of conformations that could exist simultaneously. AUTHOR SUMMARY Nonenveloped viruses need to provide mechanisms that allow their genomes to be delivered across membrane. This process remains poorly understood. For enterovirus such as poliovirus, genome delivery involves a program of conformational changes that include expansion of the particle and externalization of two normal internal peptides, VP4 and the VP1 N-terminus, which then insert into the cell membrane, triggering endocytosis and the creation of pores that facilitate the transfer of the viral RNA genome across the endosomal membrane. This manuscript describes five high-resolution cryo-EM structures of altered poliovirus particles that represent a number of intermediates along this pathway. The structures reveal several surprising findings, including the discovery of a new intermediate that is expanded but has not yet externalized the membrane interactive peptides, the clear identification of a unique exit site VP1 N-terminus, the demonstration that the externalized VP1 N-terminus partitions between two different sites in a temperature-dependent fashion, direct visualization of an amphipathic helix at the N-terminus of VP1 in an ideal position for interaction with cellular membranes, and the observation that a significant portion of VP4 remains inside the particle and accounts for a feature that had been previously ascribed to part of the viral RNA. These findings represent significant additions to our understanding of the cell entry process of an important class of human pathogens.
Relations between Hall Plates with Complementary Contact Geometries (2019)

Singly connected Hall plates with N peripheral contacts can be mapped onto the upper half of the z-plane by a conformal transformation. Recently, Homentcovschi and Bercia derived the General Formula for the electric field in this region. We present an alternative intuitive derivation based on conformal mapping arguments. Then we apply the General Formula to complementary Hall plates, where contacts and insulating boundaries are swapped. The resistance matrix of the complementary device at reverse magnetic field is expressed in terms of the conductance matrix of the original device at non-reverse magnetic field. These findings are used to prove several symmetry properties of Hall plates and their complementary counterparts at arbitrary magnetic field.
Automated 3D Image-Based Section Loss Detection for Finite Element Model Updating (2016)

Accurate and rapid condition assessment of inservice infrastructure systems is critical for systemwide prioritization decisions. One major assessment consideration is structural section loss due to deterioration, for instance from corrosion. Modern 3D imaging, which generates high-resolution 3D point clouds, is capable of measuring this degradation. Despite growth in the fields of point cloud analysis, few studies have addressed the potential of using such data for creating and updating numerical finite element models of structures. This paper presents a framework for automatic and systematic 3D section loss detection in structural components, followed by a corresponding update to a finite element model. Point cloud data of a targeted structure is obtained by using recently developed Dense Structure from Motion (DSfM) algorithms. Section loss damage is then located and identified by using computer vision techniques. In order to preserve data integrity and resolve localized high fidelity details, direct 3D point cloud comparisons are applied instead of 3D surface reconstruction or curve fitting techniques that limit the accuracy of the structural analysis. An experimental case study validating the developed approach is presented, along with a discussion of potential uses for the analysis framework.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)DEEPOXY‐4,5‐DIDEHYDROMETHYLENOMYCIN A (1981)

Abstract Aus dem cyclischen Ether (I) entsteht mit Chromsäureanhydrid das Lacton (II), das salzsauer in Alkoholen zu den Chlormethylverbindungen (III) gespalten und dann zu (IVa) und (IVb) dehydrochloriert wird.