gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cetylpyridinium Chloride Treatment of Ready-to-Eat Polish Sausages: Effects on <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Populations and Quality Attributes (2005)

Ready-to-eat Polish sausages were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes at either low (3 log(10) CFU/g) or high (7 log(10) CFU/g) levels, treated with a 1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) spray (20 psi, 25 degrees C, 30-sec exposure), vacuum packaged, and stored for 42 days at 0 degrees C or 4 degrees C. Non-inoculated samples were similarly treated, packaged, and stored to determine effects on color, firmness, and naturally occurring bacterial populations such as aerobic plate counts (APC). At the low inoculation level, L. monocytogenes populations were reduced by 1 log(10) CFU/g immediately after CPC treatment, and populations on treated samples remained approximately 2 log(10) CFU/g lower than non-treated samples throughout the 42-day storage period. At the high inoculation level, L. monocytogenes populations were reduced by 3 log(10) CFU/g immediately after treatment and, after 42 days of storage, populations on treated samples were 4 log(10) CFU/g lower than non-treated samples. Regardless of storage temperature, APC populations of CPC-treated samples were 1-2 log(10) CFU/g lower than non-treated samples throughout storage. An APC of 6 log(10) CFU/g was observed by day 7 of storage for non-treated samples, although not until day 21 of storage for CPC-treated samples. For samples stored at 4 degrees C, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for L*, a*, or b* color values of treated versus non-treated samples. At 0 degrees C, the effects of CPC treatment on a* values were statistically significant (p < or = 0.05), although minor. Non-treated samples were somewhat firmer than CPC-treated samples, primarily at the 0 degrees C storage temperature, although the observed differences were of a magnitude unlikely to impact perceived product quality. CPC treatment appears to be a viable post-processing decontamination technology for eliminating and/or inhibiting L. monocytogenes on RTE meats during refrigerated storage without detrimentally impacting color and texture.
ML Attack Models: Adversarial Attacks and Data Poisoning Attacks (2021)

Many state-of-the-art ML models have outperformed humans in various tasks such as image classification. With such outstanding performance, ML models are widely used today. However, the existence of adversarial attacks and data poisoning attacks really questions the robustness of ML models. For instance, Engstrom et al. demonstrated that state-of-the-art image classifiers could be easily fooled by a small rotation on an arbitrary image. As ML systems are being increasingly integrated into safety and security-sensitive applications, adversarial attacks and data poisoning attacks pose a considerable threat. This chapter focuses on the two broad and important areas of ML security: adversarial attacks and data poisoning attacks.
Towards Self-Adaptation in Real-Time, Networked Systems: Efficient Solving of System Constraints for Automotive Embedded Systems (2011)

While there has been considerable work on self-adaptive systems, applying these techniques to networked, embedded systems poses several new problems due to the requirements of embedded real-time systems. Among others, we have to consider memory and hardware limitations, as well as task schedulability and timing dependencies. The goal of this paper is to find a correct placement of software components efficiently, even though most of these individual constraints are highly intractable (NP-complete). This is a prerequisite for runtime adaptation in such domains and can be used for system optimization, extension or failure handling. We introduce an integrated model of system constraints for efficient computation of software component allocation, focusing on automotive embedded systems. For solving these, we have developed and compared two techniques based on SAT solving and Simulated Annealing, which enforce placement constraints efficiently. This reduces the size of the constraints significantly, but still leads to 2 million variables and more than 126 thousand equations in our case study with realistic automotive system settings. We show that both approaches provide solutions in several seconds on current commodity hardware, and show that SAT solving is more efficient for larger sets of equations.
Activity of some aminoglycoside antibiotics against true fungi, Phytophthora and Pythium species (2005)

Data from this study show that aminoglycoside antibiotics have in vitro and in vivo activities against oomycetes, suggesting that Streptomyces sp. AMG-P1 may be used as a biocontrol agent against oomycete diseases.
Clustered PV inverters in LV networks: An overview of impacts and comparison of voltage control strategies (2009)

High penetration of photovoltaic (PV) inverters in low voltage (LV) distribution network challenges the voltage stability due to interaction between multiple inverters and grid. As the main objective is to provide more power injection from VSC-based PV inverters, grid stability, reliability and power quality must be maintained or improved by adding cooperative control features to the grid-connected inverters. This paper first gives an overview of bilateral impacts between multiple distributed generations (DG) and grid. Regarding of these impacts, recent advances in static grid voltage support functionalities to increase penetration level are compared considering voltage rise limitation. Steady-state simulation study is realized in PSCAD/EMTDC and the results are discussed in terms of total generation efficiency.
Further Evidence that the <i>rna2</i> Mutation of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Affects mRNA Processing (1982)

The relative rate at which ribosomal protein 51 (rp51) mRNA is synthesized was measured by pulse-labeling cells in vivo with [3H]adenine. Two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared: A364A (wild type) and ts368 (rna2), a temperature-sensitive strain in which the level of rp51 mRNA decreases and an intron-containing rp51 precursor RNA increases. When cells were shifted up to the nonpermissive temperature (36 degrees C), the rate of rp51 RNA synthesis was only marginally affected (75% of wild type) by the presence of the rna2 mutation. The precursor RNA was the predominant transcription product at 36 degrees C. This precursor could be converted into RNA equal in size to mature mRNA by further incubation at either 36 or 23 degrees C in the presence of unlabeled adenine. The relative half-life of the rp51 transcripts at 36 degrees C also decreased approximately twofold in ts368 as compared with A364A. All of these data imply that the precursor (intron-containing) RNA is processed inefficiently to mature mRNA and that the rp51 precursor RNA is continuously synthesized and degraded in the mutant strain at 36 degrees C.
Collaboration LCPC/LNEC sur la corrosion des aciers dans le béton : capteurs de corrosion et aciers inoxydables (2009)

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Medical Procedures and Risk for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Japan, 1999–2008 (2009)

To elucidate the association between medical procedures and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), we analyzed medical procedures (any surgical procedure, neurosurgery, ophthalmic surgery, and blood transfusion) for patients registered by the CJD Surveillance Committee in Japan during 1999-2008. We conducted an age-stratified case-control study with 753 sCJD patients and 210 controls and a study of patients who underwent neurosurgical or ophthalmic surgical procedures at the same hospital. Although the control group was relatively small, no evidence was found that prion disease was transmitted through the investigated medical procedures before onset of sCJD. After onset of sCJD, 4.5% of the sCJD patients underwent operations, including neurosurgical for 0.8% and ophthalmic for 1.9%; no special precautions against transmission of prion diseases were taken. Fortunately, we have not identified patients with prion disease attributed to these operations. Our findings indicate that surgical procedures or blood transfusion had little effect on the incidence of sCJD.
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Glycopeptides (1994)

Glycoproteins are important carriers of biological selectivity, in particular, in recognition processes on membranes. Their linkage regions are characterized by N- or O-glycosidic bonds between the carbohydrate parts and the peptide backbone. Because glycosidic bonds are sensitive to reaction conditions frequently applied in peptide chemistry, attention must be paid to mild protecting group techniques throughout the synthesis of glycopeptides. The Fmoc group, which is removed with the weak base morpholine, and the allylic protecting groups were demonstrated to be particularly useful tools in the chemical synthesis of glycopeptides. The allylic protection, which is cleaved off under neutral conditions by palladium(0)-catalyzed allyl transfer reactions, was extended to a new anchoring principle in solid-phase synthesis. In addition, enzymatic reactions were revealed to be efficient in glycopeptide chemistry.
Quantitative results for the direct participation of the parenchymal vascular system in cerebral waste removal (2022)

Background: Impaired cerebral waste clearance (CWC) has been associated with a broad range of both physiological and pathophysiological neurologic conditions.1,2 Because of the unique anatomy of the brain parenchyma, theoretically, in the brain parenchyma, biochemically inert waste such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents can only be removed through two possible pathways: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathway, and/or vascular pathway. Despite the controversy, there seems to be a solid consensus on the participation of the CSF pathway in CWC.3 In contrast to the CSF system, the current consensus is that the parenchymal vascular system does not participate in CWC. Considering there is a big difference in flow rate between the blood (2 mL/min) and the CSF (3.7 µL/min) and the brain is the most bioactive, energy-consuming organ (20% nutrition for about 5% of body weight) in the body, it is illogical that the brain would rely on the slow CSF circulation for CWC while less bioactive tissues outside the brain require both the fast vascular and slow lymphatic systems to remove waste in a timely manner.4,5&#x0D; Methods: Superparamagnetic iron oxide–enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging (SPIO-SWI) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) methods were used to simultaneously study 7 T MRI signal changes in parenchymal veins, arteries, and their corresponding para-vascular spaces in 26 rats, following intra-cisterna magna (ICM) infusion of different CSF tracers (FeREX, ferumoxytol, Fe-Dextran) to determine the amount of tracer in the artery and vein quantitatively.&#x0D; Results: The parenchymal venous system participated in CSF tracer clearance following ICM infusion of different MRI tracers with different concentrations of iron. Parenchymal venous participation was more obvious when 75 μg iron was injected. In the parenchymal veins, the relative mean (±SE) value of the susceptibility increased by 13.5±1.0% at 15 min post-tracer infusion (p&lt;0.01), and 33.6±6.7% at 45 min post-tracer infusion (p=0.01), compared to baseline. In contrast to the parenchymal veins, a negligible amount of CSF tracer entered the parenchymal arteries: 1.3±2.6% at 15 min post-tracer infusion (p=0.6), and 12±19% at 45 min post-tracer infusion (p=0.5), compared to baseline.&#x0D; Conclusions: MRI tracers can enter the parenchymal vascular system and more MRI tracers were observed in the cerebral venous than arterial vessels, suggesting the direct participation of parenchymal vascular system in CWC.
PSV-10 Effects of storing three phytase sources for 90 days under high temperature and humidity on phytase stability, growth performance, and bone mineralization of nursery pigs (2019)

Abstract This study evaluated storing 3 commercial phytases for 90 d in an environmental chamber set at 29.4°C and 75% humidity on phytase stability and nursery pig growth performance and bone mineralization. The phytases [HiPhos GT (20,000 FYT/g, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ); Axtra Phy TPT (20,000 FTU/g, Dupont, Wilmington, DE), and Quantum Blue G (40,000 FTU/g, AB Vista, Plantation, FL)] were kept as pure forms or blended in a vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premix and sampled on d 0, 30, 60, and 90 of storage. Regardless of source and form, analyzed phytase activity decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.001) as storage increased. Afterwards, 300 nursery pigs (11.7 kg BW) were assigned to 1 of 8 treatments in a RCBD with 4-5 pigs/pen and 8 pens/treatment. Treatments included a negative (NC, 0.12% aP) and positive control (PC, 0.27% aP) without phytase; or NC with added phytase to provide 0.15% aP (1,000, 651 and 500 FTU/kg for HiPhos, Axtra Phy, and Quantum Blue, respectively). Negative control with added phytase treatments were manufactured with each phytase source previously stored in pure form or VTM premix for 90d. Pigs fed PC had greater (P &lt; 0.001) ADG compared to pigs fed Axtra Phy stored in VTM or NC. Feed intake was similar for PC, phytases stored in pure forms, and HiPhos and Quantum Blue stored in VTM, and greater (P &lt; 0.001) than pigs fed NC. Pigs fed PC or HiPhos stored in pure form had improved (P &lt; 0.001) G:F compared to pigs fed NC. Bone mineralization was greater (P &lt; 0.001) for pigs fed PC compared to NC, phytases stored in VTM, and Axtra Phy and Quantum Blue stored in pure form. Regardless of source and form, phytase activity decreased as storage increased. In this study, bone ash was reduced when phytases were stored for 90d in a VTM compared to the PC.
Endoscopic free electron laser technique development for minimally invasive optic nerve sheath fenestration (2007)

The posterior orbit was endoscopically accessed and the optic nerve was exposed and successfully treated with FEL energy. CO(2) insufflation did not alter blood gases, but did not further enhance visibility in this study.
Effect of internal field on the high resistance state retention of unipolar resistance switching in ferroelectric vanadium doped ZnO (2017)

We report the effect of an internal field on the high resistance state (HRS) retention of unipolar switching in ferroelectric vanadium (V) doped ZnO thin films. ZnO thin films doped with 1%, 3%, and 5% of V were found to have an increased internal field as the V concentration increased. The effect of an internal field on resistance switching was observed from the lower set voltage and shorter high resistance state retention time. A physical model was applied to explain the relationship between the internal field and the HRS retention, and a good agreement was obtained with the experimental data. Our result suggested that the internal field can reduce the activation energy of the redox process for generating oxygen vacancies, which subsequently affect the formation of conducting filaments in the resistance switching process.
Rapid Tumor Formation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Infected Cell Lines in Novel NOD-SCID/γc<sup>null</sup>Mice: Suppression by an Inhibitor against NF-κB (2003)

We established a novel experimental model for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-induced tumor using NOD-SCID/gammac(null) (NOG) mice. This model is very useful for investigating the mechanism of tumorigenesis and malignant cell growth of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)/lymphoma, which still remains unclear. Nine HTLV-1-infected cell lines were inoculated subcutaneously in the postauricular region of NOG mice. As early as 2 to 3 weeks after inoculation, seven cell lines produced a visible tumor while two transformed cell lines failed to do so. Five of seven lines produced a progressively growing large tumor with leukemic infiltration of the cells in various organs that eventually killed the animals. Leukemic cell lines formed soft tumors, whereas some transformed cell lines developed into hemorrhagic hard tumors in NOG mice. One of the leukemic cell lines, ED-40515(-), was unable to produce visible tumors in NOD-SCID mice with a common gamma-chain after 2 weeks. In vivo NF-kappaB DNA binding activity of the ED-40515(-) cell line was higher and the NF-kappaB components were changed compared to cells in vitro. Bay 11-7082, a specific and effective NF-kappaB inhibitor, prevented tumor growth at the sites of the primary region and leukemic infiltration in various organs of NOG mice. This in vivo model of ATL could provide a novel system for use in clarifying the mechanism of growth of HTLV-1-infected cells as well as for the development of new drugs against ATL.
Initial characterization of a modular Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillator (2014)

Summary form only given. The high power microwave, plasma and beam physics group at the University of New Mexico, Electrical Engineering Department has developed a modular Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillator (MILO) that will function as a test bed for fundamental and applied physics research. This modular MILO is comprised of stages that allow for easy changes to the internal and external geometric structure. We present numerical simulations, particle in cell as well as radiation transport, on several low voltage operating points for one geometric configuration. Initial experimental data showing the electrical operation of the MILO as driven by a fast rise time Marx is presented and compared to numerical results. Results for time resolved radiation measurements due to electron impact are shown as well as their correlation to experimental electrical measurements and numerical simulations of sheath currents. Experimental resonant mode cold test data is shown along with its numerical simulation analogue.
Molecular vibrational imaging by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy: principles and applications [Invited] (2020)

The recent development of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy allows for highly sensitive biological imaging with molecular vibrational contrast, opening up a variety of applications including label-free imaging, metabolic imaging, and super-multiplex imaging. This paper introduces the principle of SRS microscopy and the methods of multicolor SRS imaging and describes an overview of biomedical applications.
A Discussion of PC Platform Balance: the Intel Pentium 4 Processor-Based Platform Solutions (2000)

The quest for the balanced PC platform has been with us since the advent of the Personal Computer (PC) in 1982. The basic PC has been dramatically successful, such that a 200-fold increase in computing power has been required. At the same time, the platform has had to improve its capabilities to support these uses, and provide growth for new applications. To restore balance in the platform, processor buses, memory interfaces, and advanced platform capabilities must keep pace with, and even lead, advancements in the processor. This paper describes the technological advances made in the development of the first platform for the Intel ® Pentium ® 4 processor. After a brief look at PC platform partitioning through the years, the platform partitioning developed for the first Pentium 4 processor platform is discussed, beginning with an understanding of the performance of the processor, and how that is dependent on aspects of the platform. We then present two primary platform improvements for the high-performance PC platform: the 400MHz system bus and the Intel ® 850 Memory Controller Hub. After providing an understanding of these platform advancements, we show how these two improvements together complement the Pentium 4 processor computational capabilities by concentrating on results obtained in the standard SPEC CPU2000 1 and STREAM 2 benchmarks. This combines the high-speed processing of the Intel Pentium 4 processor with platform improvements to provide a dramatic increase in overall performance.
Nonlinear Effects in Semiconductor Microcavity Polariton Emission (2000)

Strong nonlinearities have been observed in the intensity and polarization degree of the emission from the bottom of lower polariton (LP) branch in a microcavity close to zero detuning between the uncoupled exciton and photon modes, under conditions of circularly polarized resonant excitation into the upper polariton branch. These nonlinearities are connected with stimulated scattering into spin polarized states at the bottom of LP branch.
Carbon Hollow Fiber‐Supported Metal–Organic Framework Composites for Gas Adsorption (2017)

Abstract Supporting metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on scalable contactors such as hollow fibers provides a practical way to expedite their use in large‐scale industrial applications. Here, the development of carbon‐hollow‐fiber‐supported MOFs as adsorbent composites for gas separation processes is reported. Moreover, this work provides an effective approach for the growth of MOFs on the surface of carbon hollow fibers that are successfully produced by pyrolysis of cross‐linked Torlon hollow fibers. To fabricate MOF/carbon composites, the carbon hollow fibers are functionalized in different media to increase the surface hydroxyl groups prior to MOF growth. The MOF incorporation is performed by growing MOF‐74 and UTSA‐16 in the pores and on the outer surface of hollow fibers using dip‐coating and layer‐by‐layer techniques. The MOF/carbon composites with relatively high MOF loadings (37–38 %) and porous structures are successfully fabricated, yielding film thicknesses as high as 10–15 μm. The MOF‐74/carbon and UTSA‐16/carbon composites exhibit surface areas of 266 and 211 m 2 g −1 , and pore volumes of 0.28 and 0.20 cm 3 g −1 , respectively. As a proof‐of‐concept, the CO 2 adsorption performances are evaluated and the MOF/carbon composites are shown to have relatively good CO 2 adsorption capacities of 2.0 and 1.2 mmol g −1 for UTSA‐16 and MOF‐74, respectively, at room temperature and 1 bar.
Low temperature die attach based on sub-micron Ag particles and the high temperature reliability of sintered joints (2015)

The rapid development of high temperature SiC power devices has faced a huge challenge to resolve the reliability of devices at high temperature operating environments due to the damage of die attach solder. Ag particles, particularly, Ag nanoparticles have been used to joint these SiC devices because these Ag nanoparticles can be sintered to form a continuous bulk-like network at temperatures far below the melting point of bulk Ag, which greatly reduces manufacturing costs and simplifies the bonding conditions. However, the complex sintering profile, the large volumes of volatilization of organic compounds, the high pressures requirement and their high cost have limited the application of Ag nanomaterials. In this work, a simple and large-scale two-steps polyol process was used to synthesize submicrometer Ag particles with tailoring sizes, which were applied for sintering joining. The size and size distribution of Ag particles depended on the reaction temperature and determined the shear strength of joints. A shear strength of over 40 MPa were successfully achieved using the Ag paste with the particles ranging from 230 to 800 nm in diameter due to micron-sized connection among these Ag sub-micron particles at low temperature sintering process. The result and joint properties are superior to those obtained with nanoparticle Ag pastes and suggests that the sub-micron Ag particles is a promising alternative for high power die-attach. These joints also have been used to demonstrate the good reliability at high temperature environments. After aging at 250 °C for 500h, shear strength over 30 MPa has been remained. Moreover, the hybrid paste of the Ag sub-micron particles and Ag flake achieved high shear strength of 40 MPa during thermal cycles ranging from -40 and 250 °C for 400 cycles.