gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1403: Modeling of Abi1 loss using spheroid cultures to investigate mechanisms of prostate tumorigenesis (2018)

Abstract American Cancer Society predicts over 160,000 new prostate cancer cases in 2017, which amounts to about 20 percent of all cancer diagnoses in men. Despite several treatment options being available, poor prognosis of high-risk and metastasis remains a major concern for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Therefore, it is important to understand molecular mechanisms of PCa progression to aggressive disease. Our previous research identified Abelson interactor 1 (Abi1), a member of WAVE complex, as a tumor suppressor in human prostate. Not only did we find mutations and deletions in the gene in prostate tumor patient samples, but WAVE complex levels were also found to be inversely correlated to disease recurrence and castration resistance. Moreover, Abi1 is downregulated in majority of prostate cancer cell lines, and patient organoid cultures derived from metastatic bone and lymph node biopsies. These data point to the clinical significance of defining Abi1-dependent tumor suppression mechanisms. To understand these mechanisms we generated CRISPR-mediated Abi1 KO in the RWPE-1 non-tumor human prostate cell line. When plated in 3D cultures in matrigel, we observed striking phenotypic differences in the appearance and behavior of the Abi1 KO spheroids compared to the parental cells. While the parental RWPE-1 grew into spherical organoids with tight cell-cell boundaries, the Abi1 KO cells grew as loose irregular-shaped spheres, with many cells migrating out of the organoids. Hence, the loss of Abi1 in these non-tumor cells lead to gain of an invasive phenotype. Western Blots of Abi1-KO cells demonstrated concurrent disruption of WAVE complex and deregulation of WAVE complex protein levels. Moreover, cell-cell adhesion proteins such as E-cadherin and β-catenin showed modest decrease and/or a substantial loss of membrane localization. Rescue experiments of Abi1 re-expression in the KO cells reversed the phenotype indicating that the observed phenotype is Abi1-dependent. Analyses of RNA sequencing of cells obtained from 3D cultures demonstrated differences in expression signatures characteristic of altered cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion pathways and indicated upregulation of pathways associated with the invasive phenotype of cancer cells. We propose that Abi1 loss and WAVE complex deregulation represents key mediators of invasive phenotype in PCa. [Supported by NCI R01 CA161018 and NYS Department of Health Prostate Cancer Hypothesis Development RFA #1410200115] Citation Format: Disharee Das, Ming Chen, Claudia Mondragon, Dawn Post, Alexander Nappi, Heidi Hehnly, Anita Hryniewicz-Jankowska, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Gennady Bratslavsky, Leszek Kotula. Modeling of Abi1 loss using spheroid cultures to investigate mechanisms of prostate tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1403.
Prevalence of Farm and Slaughterhouse Workers Carrying Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Korea (2011)

These results of the study show that slaughterhouse workers are at higher risk of STEC infection than farmers. In addition, slaughterhouse workers have a more potential source of food contamination of STEC and transmission.
Telehealth for Children With Epilepsy Is Effective and Reduces Anxiety Independent of Healthcare Setting (2021)

<b>Objectives:</b> The use of telemedicine has grown exponentially as an alternative to providing care to patients with epilepsy during the pandemic. We investigated the impact of the current pandemic among children with epilepsy from two distinct pediatric epilepsy centers. We also compared perceptions among those who received telemedicine against those who did not. <b>Methods:</b> We developed a questionnaire and invited families followed in Freiburg, Germany, and Calgary, Alberta, Canada, to participate during the initial 9 months of the pandemic. The survey contained 32 questions, 10 of which were stratified according to telemedicine exposure. <b>Results:</b> One hundred twenty-six families (80 in Freiburg, 46 in Calgary) participated, and 40.3% received telemedicine care. Most children (mean age 10.4 years, <i>SD</i> 5.1) had chronic epilepsy but poorly controlled seizures. Negative impacts were reported by 36 and 65% of families who had to reschedule appointments for visits and diagnostics, respectively. Nearly two-thirds of families reported no change in seizure frequency, while 18.2% reported either worsening or improvement of seizures. Although most families did not note behavioral changes, 28.2% reported behavior worsening. Families who received telemedicine care had a statistically significant reduction of parental self-reported anxiety level after virtual visits compared to those who did not experience telemedicine. Families with telemedicine consultations were more likely to consider future virtual care (84 vs. 65.2% of those without), even after the pandemic. Patient data safety, easy access to specialized services, and consistency with the same healthcare provider were graded as important in both centers, while a shorter waiting time was most relevant in Calgary. <b>Conclusion:</b> In our cohort, some children with epilepsy experienced increased seizures and worsening behavior during the first 9 months of the current pandemic. In addition, our data suggest that telemedicine might reduce parental anxiety symptoms, and families who experienced telehealth were more positive and open to similar appointments in the future.
The Evolution of Aluminium Based Piston Alloys for Direct Injection Diesel Engines (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The trend in recent years towards increased engine ratings across the whole range of piston applications has led to an increase in the durability requirements for piston alloys. New piston alloy development has been particularly important in the light vehicle diesel (LVD) field, where the race for improved engine performance has led to significant increases in the temperatures and pressures experienced by the piston during engine operation.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The demand by oem's for cost effective material solutions for these high per-formance, high volume applications has required piston manufacturers to develop improved aluminium based casting alloys in a short timeframe. Federal-Mogul has been at the forefront of both material and process development in the area of cast aluminium alloys for high duty applications.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the material property requirements for direct injection diesel engine pistons and how increases in these requirements, particularly in the area of high temperature fatigue resistance, has lead to the evolution of a family of new piston alloys over the past few years. The paper also describes the fundamental metallurgical work on the relationships between production process conditions, alloy microstructure and material fatigue resistance carried out by Federal-Mogul. The paper concludes with the use of this fundamental knowledge in the rapid development of an improved performance piston alloy for LVD applications, now in volume production, and finally future development trends in new piston materials are discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Band structure mapping of photonic crystal intersubband detectors (2006)

The authors report on a quantum well infrared detector embedded in a surface-plasmon waveguide and processed into a deeply etched photonic crystal structure. The device was characterized by collecting the polarization dependent response spectra at different angles of incidence. With this method it is possible to map the photonic band structure by directly detecting the modes of the photonic crystal. It therefore represents a new and direct characterization procedure for photonic crystals. The device shows a strong mixing between TE and TM polarized modes, which is caused by the asymmetric vertical waveguide design.
Enzymatic Preparation of Gentiooligosaccharides by a Thermophilic and Thermostable β-Glucosidase at a High Substrate Concentration (2022)

Gentiooligosaccharides (GnOS) are a kind of oligosaccharide formed by glucose with β-1-6 glycosidic bonds, which has become a new type of functional oligosaccharide for its unique refreshing bitter taste and valuable probiotic effects. However, the research on the enzymatic preparation of GnOS is not thorough enough. In this study, a GH1 thermophilic β-glucosidase from <i>Thermotoga</i> sp. KOL6 was used as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of GnOS. TsBgl1 exhibited excellent thermophilic and thermostable properties by possessing a melting temperature of 101.5 °C and reacting at 80-90 °C efficiently. Its half-life at 90 °C was approximately 5 h, suggesting its high heat resistance as well. TsBgl1 also showed excellent glucose tolerance with an inhibition constant (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub>) of 1720 mM and was stimulated in the presence of 0-900 mM glucose. TsBgl1 showed the highest hydrolytic activity on laminaribiose (Glc-β-1,3-Glc), but mainly synthetized gentiobiose (Glc-β-1,6-Glc) during transglycosylation. By optimizing the reaction conditions and substrate concentration, the highest yield of GnOS synthesized by TsBgl1 reached 144.3 g·L<sup>-1</sup> when 1000 g·L<sup>-1</sup> glucose was used as a substrate, which was higher than the highest yield ever reported. The thermophilic and thermostable properties of TsBgl1 were considered to be significant advantages in the industrial production of GnOS, where long periods of high-temperature reactions are required. This study was expected to provide an excellent candidate enzyme for industrial production of GnOS and also provide a reference for studying the transglycosylation of GH1 β-glucosidases.
Novel Strain of Andes Virus Associated with Fatal Human Infection, Central Bolivia (2012)

To better describe the genetic diversity of hantaviruses associated with human illness in South America, we screened blood samples from febrile patients in Chapare Province in central Bolivia during 2008-2009 for recent hantavirus infection. Hantavirus RNA was detected in 3 patients, including 1 who died. Partial RNA sequences of small and medium segments from the 3 patients were most closely related to Andes virus lineages but distinct (<90% nt identity) from reported strains. A survey for IgG against hantaviruses among residents of Chapare Province indicated that 12.2% of the population had past exposure to >1 hantaviruses; the highest prevalence was among agricultural workers. Because of the high level of human exposure to hantavirus strains and the severity of resulting disease, additional studies are warranted to determine the reservoirs, ecologic range, and public health effect of this novel strain of hantavirus.
Developments on Global Centimeter-level GNSS Positioning with Trimble CenterPoint RTXTM (2012)

The first commercial GPS Real-time Kinematic (RTK) positioning products were released in 1993. Since then RTK technology has found its way into a wide variety of application areas and markets including Survey, Machine Control, and Precision Farming. During the last decade several researchers have advocated Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques as an alternative to reference station-based RTK. With the PPP technique the GNSS positioning is performed using precise satellite orbit and clock information, rather than corrections from one or more reference stations. Due to its typically long initialization time, efforts have been made by numerous organizations in attempting to improve the productivity of PPP-like solutions. As one of the numerous results of the overall GNSS community initiative, in 2011 Trimble introduced a new technology as a positioning service called CENTERPOINT RTXTM, providing real-time cm-level accuracy without the direct use of a reference station infrastructure. In this paper we will discuss certain aspects of that service, presenting the concepts that are used in order to accomplish certain tasks in the overall system. Furthermore we will present the steps accomplished during the multi-year development of the system, as well as indicate the direction current research work is taking towards new versions of the system.
Overview: The Application of Capillary Electrophoresis for DNA Polymorphism Analysis (2003)

CE fractions may also be collected and then subjected to additional analysis. Nanoliter fractions containing size or shape fractionated DNA fragments can be collected on moving affinity membranes (125) or into sample chambers (126). The exact timing of the collection steps is achieved by determining the velocity of each individual zone measured between two detection points near the end of the capillary. The DNA samples may subsequently be identified by probe hybridization, or by PCR-linked sequencing. Capillary fractions containing metabolites and derivatives of DNA and small DNA adducts can also be sampled, and then characterized directly by highly sensitive MALDI-TOF atomic analysis (112-118) and ESI-MS (118,119). The automation and integration of PCR and CE analysis (PCR-CE) on a microchip (3-12,96) will also contribute greatly to its adoption as the analysis tool of choice. Significantly, these tools will be applied for DNA sequencing (75,108), for genome mapping (65) and genotyping (42-46), for improved certainty in disease detection (3-6,107,120) and for DNA mutation analysis (2-12,27,58). Recent improvements in the design CAE arrays and associated equipment such as the radial CAE microplate and rotary confocal signal detection system (127) overcome some of the detection limitations of linear CAE and microchip devices and allow the parallel genotyping of 96 samples in about 120 s. The integration of microreactive capillary surface assays (128) and "in-capillary" analysis will also lead to further increases in the speed and sensitivity of CE-based analysis. The recent announcement of the completion of the first draft sequence of the 90% of the entire human genome within 6 mo by Celera Genomics by sequencing random DNA fragments using several hundred ABI 3700 machines (129) illustrates the enormous efficiency realized through the automation of DNA sequencing by CAE. Sequencing was performed at an average rate of approximately 6 x 10(9) bases/yr. The CAE machines will now be employed for a concerted resequencing of genome elements to create an extremely high-density polymorphism map of the entire genome (130). This map will be based principally on single nucleotide polymorphisms, and will catapult human medicine into a new era of closely detailed genetic trait mapping to identify the genetic basis of multi-gene diseases.
An exact integration procedure for vector potentials of thin circular loop antennas (1996)

A direct integration procedure for far-zone vector potentials of thin circular loop antennas has been known for many years. This method is general in the sense that it leads to simple integrals which have closed form solutions for most commonly assumed loop current distributions. However, a comparable integration technique has not been available for evaluating the more complicated near-zone vector potentials. This paper introduces a systematic approach for the exact integration of general near-zone vector potentials associated with current-carrying circular loop antennas. A particular example is considered where this new integration technique is used to find exact solutions to the vector potential and electromagnetic field integrals for loops with a Fourier cosine-series expansion of the current. The observation is made that degenerate forms of these exact representations lead to simplified expressions for the important special cases of a uniform and cosinusoidal current loop. Two equivalent forms of exact series expansions are derived for the uniform current vector potential and field integrals. It is shown that the familiar small-loop approximations, as well as the classical far-field expressions, may be obtained as limiting cases of the more general exact series representations for the uniform current loop obtained in this paper. Convenient asymptotic far-field expansions are derived for the loop with a cosinusoidal current distribution. Finally, the far-field analysis for the cosinusoidal loop is generalized to loops having an arbitrary current represented by a Fourier cosine series.
Irregular Sampling and Seismic Imaging (2006)

Many seismic processing techniques require integration of the data. This integration is commonly done using a binning technique. Binning techniques work well if the integration grid is regular. In practice, however, this is often not the case. We describe an alternative integration technique that takes irregular sampling into account, by assigning weights to the integration points. The weights are computed by triangulating the integration domain.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The two algorithms were tested on a synthetic dataset and a marine dataset from the Gulf of Mexico. The irregular imaging gives better results than the binning method in the cross line direction: acquisition footprints are reduced, resulting in clearer images. In the inline direction there is not much difference between the two methods. Since the irregular imaging algorithm is easy to implement and the additional CPU is negligible, it is an attractive alternative to binning.
Dependence of the Performance of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes on Layer Thickness and Composition (1993)

Efficient green electroluminescence from an organic double-layer device between two electrodes was first reported by Tang and Van Slyke [1,2]. Subsequently, there has been considerable interest in using various fluorescent organic molecules in similar structures to produce electroluminescence in different spectral regions. Also, more complex, triple layer "double heterostructure" devices have been reported[3]. However, although devices emitting throughout the visible spectrum have been successfully fabricated [1,4,5], there is a lack of quantitative information relating the organic layer thickness and heterojunction properties to device performance.
Concept of PIRO as a new conceptual framework to understand sepsis (2005)

The PIRO model is a conceptual framework for understanding sepsis that has many favorable attributes. The PIRO model should be directly tested in both the research laboratory and in clinical trial designs to determine the practical value and clinical relevance of this new classification scheme for sepsis.
Geophysical application in preselecting a high-level radioactive waste site (2015)

Summary This paper discussed comprehensively, the geophysical application in preselecting the high level radioactive waste (HLRW) site in northwest(NW) China. We analyzed 3D large-scale aeromagnetic and gravity results to interpret regional structures which controlled granite rock distribution, and evaluated the integrity of granite rock. Also, we conducted Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric method (CSAMT) survey at a potential site, which may be suitable for underground geological repository. The survey objective was to map out the fractured and crushed zones that resulted from geological structures like active fault, which would cause serious damage to the safety and stability of underground repository. The comparison between the interpreted results and geological information shows that both are in good agreement. The study proves that comprehensive geophysical exploration is helpful in detecting geological structures and evaluating the rock quality.It can also provide the reliable geophysical evidence for further study.
Information Bottleneck Message Passing for Military Applications (2021)

Military communication systems naturally have strong requirements concerning the reliability and the robustness of their physical layer data transmission schemes. Modern channel coding and modulation schemes can meet these requirements in general, but their detection and decoding at the receiving end requires complex and power demanding high-precision implementations of digital algorithms, which are often not suitable for military applications. This motivates to explore novel techniques to build simple detection and decoding algorithms with good performance. In this article, we present novel results on the recent idea of using a machine learning framework termed the Information Bottleneck method to replace demanding implementations of the sum-product algorithm with very simple quantized message passing schemes. We provide a novel explanation, which links the Information Bottleneck decoder processing to the sum-product algorithm. Moreover, we present a novel Information Bottleneck demodulation scheme for quadrature amplitude modulation and discuss special advantages of the Information Bottleneck system design approach for military applications.
Stripline-Fed Archimedean Spiral Antenna (2011)

An inward-fed two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna is proposed, which integrates a stripline feed network into one of the spiral arms. A broadband stripline tapered impedance transformer conformal to the spiral's winding provides a novel matching network between the input impedance of the spiral and the characteristic impedance of the stripline. The Dyson-style balun at the spiral's center converts the guided stripline mode to the radiating spiral mode. The transformation from a gap-fed design to a stripline-fed design is provided to illustrate the design process. Measured and simulated results for a probe-fed design operating from 2 to over 20 GHz are provided to illustrate the synthesis and performance of a demonstration antenna.
Optimizing reception bandwidth of a pulsed signal (2020)

In a wide variety of applications, including free-space communications, target illumination, and radar (laser, microwave, millimeter wave, etc.), an electromagnetic pulse is collected by a receiver and converted to an electronic signal. This electronic pulse is then amplified before it is processed into digital data, tracking information, or range and velocity values. In this paper it is shown that an optimum amplification half-power bandwidth—in terms of maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)—can be determined, based almost exclusively on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the pulse and the roll-off rate of the amplifier at frequencies above the high-frequency cutoff. The shape of the pulse and the specific amplification filter (e.g. Butterworth, Chebyshev, Elliptic, etc.) has little effect on the optimum bandwidth. For example, if the amplifier includes a low-pass first-order Butterworth filter whose half-power frequency is &Delta;&nu;, a pulse whose FWHM is &Delta;<i>t</i> will be amplified at the maximum possible SNR if &Delta;&nu; = 0.146/&Delta;<i>t</i>. This assumes that any noise in the system is essentially white, in that the total noise is proportional to the square root of the amplification bandwidth. It should be noted, and is discussed in this paper, that the maximum SNR may not lead to the ideal bandwidth, since it with distort the shape of the input pulse. This distortion alters the shape of the pulse and may affect the calculation of the pulse centroid, which is particularly important in range and velocity calculations. This may lead to an increase in the optimum bandwidth.