gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Home-buyers, Housing and the Macroeconomy (2003)

We present the results of a new survey of US home-buyers in 2002. The most important finding is that the survey suggests that home-buyersâ expectations are substantially affected by recent experience. Even after a long boom that has taken prices to very high levels, home-buyers typically have expectations that prices will show double-digit annual price growth over the next 10 years, apparently with only a modest level of risk. We conjecture that these characteristics of individualsâ expectations may contribute to the substantial swings that are observed in housing prices. Changes in housing wealth, especially if they are perceived as long-lasting, may have substantial macroeconomic effects through private consumption. In the second part of the paper, we examine the link between increases in housing wealth, financial wealth, and consumer spending. We rely upon a panel of 14 countries observed annually for various periods during the past 25 years and a panel of US states observed quarterly during the 1980s and 1990s. We find a statistically significant and rather large effect of housing wealth upon household consumption.
Transport properties of organic vapors in nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene (2003)

Abstract Isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites were obtained by the melt blending of polypropylene‐ graft ‐maleic anhydride and organophilic layered silicate (OLS) consisting of synthetic fluorohectorite modified by cation exchange with protonated octadecylamine. The composition of the inorganic clay was varied between 2.5 and 10 wt %, and films of the composites were obtained via hot‐press molding. X‐ray analysis showed that nanocomposites in which silicate layers were either delaminated or ordered as in an intercalated structure were obtained. The elastic modulus of the samples was higher than that of the pure polymer over a wide temperature range and increased with increasing inorganic content. The transport properties, sorption and diffusion, were measured for two organic vapors, dichloromethane and n ‐pentane. For both vapors, the sorption was not very different from that of the pure polymer, whereas the zero‐concentration diffusion parameter strongly decreased with increasing OLS content. Therefore, the permeability, that is, the product of sorption and diffusion, decreased for both vapors as a result of the decreased value of the diffusion parameter. The decrease was higher for the less interacting n ‐pentane. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1798–1805, 2003
Factors influencing neuromuscular responses to gait training with a robotic ankle exoskeleton in cerebral palsy (2022)

A current limitation in the development of robotic gait training interventions is understanding the factors that predict responses to treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of an interpretable machine learning method, Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART), to identify factors influencing neuromuscular responses to a resistive ankle exoskeleton in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Eight individuals with CP (GMFCS levels I - III, ages 12-18 years) walked with a resistive ankle exoskeleton over seven visits while we measured soleus activation. A BART model was developed using a predictor set of kinematic, device, study, and participant metrics that were hypothesized to influence soleus activation. The model (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = 0.94) found that kinematics had the largest influence on soleus activation, but the magnitude of exoskeleton resistance, amount of gait training practice with the device, and participant-level parameters also had substantial effects. To optimize neuromuscular engagement during exoskeleton training in individuals with CP, our analysis highlights the importance of monitoring the user's kinematic response, in particular, peak stance phase hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion. We demonstrate the utility of machine learning techniques for enhancing our understanding of robotic gait training outcomes, seeking to improve the efficacy of future interventions.
A High-Throughput Screen for Alpha Particle Radiation Protectants (2010)

Alpha-particle-emitting elements are of increasing importance as environmental and occupational carcinogens, toxic components of radiation dispersal devices and accidents, and potent therapeutics in oncology. Alpha particle radiation differs from radiations of lower linear energy transfer in that it predominantly damages DNA via direct action. Because of this, radical scavengers effective for other radiations have had only limited effect in mitigating alpha particle toxicity. We describe here a simple assay and a pilot screen of 3,119 compounds in a high-throughput screen (HTS), using the alpha-particle-emitting isotope, ²²⁵Ac, for the discovery of compounds that might protect mammalian cells from alpha particles through novel mechanisms. The assay, which monitored the viability of a myeloid leukemic cell line upon alpha particle exposure, was robust and reproducible, yielding a Z' factor of 0.66 and a signal-to-noise ratio of nearly 10 to 1. Surprisingly, 1 compound emerged from this screen, epoxy-4,5-α-dihydroxysantonin (EDHS), that showed considerable protective activity. While the value of EDHS remains to be determined, its discovery is a proof of concept and validation of the utility of this HTS methodology. Further application of the described assay could yield compounds useful in minimizing the toxicity and carcinogenesis associated with alpha particle exposure.
New-user identification in a CDMA system (1998)

We present three detector/estimators (DEs) which allow multiuser detection and parameter estimation without a side channel in a dynamic asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system in which users are entering and leaving the system. These DEs optimally detect a new user given only the chip rate and the spreading factor of the new user. Two of these DEs, the maximum-likelihood detector/estimator (MLDE) and the generalized maximum-likelihood detector/estimator (GMLDE), produce maximum-likelihood estimates of the new user's signature sequence, delay, and amplitude, which are then incorporated into a multiuser detector. The third DE, the cyclic detector/estimator (CDE), is the most computationally efficient of the three processors. This DE detects the new user by testing for cyclostationarity and then uses suboptimal schemes to estimate the new user's signature sequence, delay, and amplitude. Simulations indicate that all three DEs reliably detect a new user for an E/sub s///spl sigma//sup 2/ (symbol-energy-to-noise ratio) of 5 dB. The MLDE and GMLDE produce signature sequence and delay estimates with probability of error less than 0.07 for an E/sub s///spl sigma//sup 2/ of 10 dB, and the CDE produces signature sequence and delay estimates with probability of error less than 0.13 for an E/sub s///spl sigma//sup 2/ of 15 dB.
for Self Assembly of Modular Manipulators (2008)

We describe algorithms to build self-assembling robot systems composed of active modular robots and passive bars. The distributed algorithms are based on locally optimal matching. We demonstrate how to build an active structure by the cooperative aggregation and disassembly of modular robotic manipulators. A target structure is modeled as a dynamic graph. We prove that the same optimality - quadratic competitive ratio - as for the static graph can be achieved for the algorithms. We demonstrate how this algorithm can be used to build truss-like structures. I. INTRODUCTION We wish to develop modular robots capable of construc- tion tasks that integrate robotic elements and raw materials from the environment to create dynamic and controllable complex objects. In our previous work (1), (2) we describe a mechanism and supporting algorithm for the self-assembly of linkages that alternate 3 DOF robot modules called Shady3D with rigid bars. The resulting assemblies are controllable using distributed inverse kinematics protocols to achieve pick and place tasks. In this paper we extend the algorithm for self-assembling linkages in (2) to the self-assembly of arbitrary truss structures consisting of rigid bars and Shady3D-like robots with 3 rotational DOFs that are capable of grasping the bars on both ends. We assume a cache of robots and a cache of rigid bars. The robots know the goal shape but they do not know about each other. They are only capable of detecting each other and communicating locally, when they are in close proximity of each other. We show that this problem can be reduced to a distributed matching problem and analyze how sensing and communication can be used to guarantee that the robots construct the goal structure in an optimal number of steps. We then describe an implementation of this algorithm in simulation. Discussing its performance with a physical system will be considered in future. The robot abstraction used by this algorithm is modeled on the Shady3D robot (1). We assume that the robot looks like a
Efficient, low threshold, cryogenic Ho:YAG laser (2016)

We report the development of an efficient, liquid-nitrogen conduction cooled Ho:YAG slab laser with good beam quality. Detailed measurements resolving the structure of the 1900-1911 nm absorption band in Ho:YAG at 77 K are presented. Stress-free conduction cooled mounting of the Ho:YAG slab was demonstrated and the resulting laser operated with a large mode volume of 42 mm<sup>3</sup>, a slope efficiency of 75% and a threshold of 0.84 W. To our knowledge this corresponds to the lowest reported threshold intensity for a Ho:YAG laser.
Model Predictive Control of Residential Baseboard Heaters with Distributed System Architecture (2014)

Typical residential HVAC systems employ mechanical or hard-coded deadband control behaviors that are unresponsive to changing energy costs and weather conditions. In this paper, we investigate the potential of electric baseboard heaters to maintain a comfortable temperature while optimizing electricity consumption given weather forecasts and price data. We first propose a distributed system architecture that utilizes mobile application platforms. We then develop, assemble, and deploy a sensor network and Internet server to collect real-time temperature data from an apartment. With these sensor streams, we identify a thermal model of the apartment. Finally, we propose a model predictive control algorithm and perform a software-in-the-loop simulation of the cloud-based system to demonstrate the economic advantage.
Fabrication of polysilicon surface micromachined MEMS structures (2002)

Polysilicon structures such as cantilevers with electrostatic actuators, mirrors, comb drives, and heaters were fabricated using a surface micromachined process. The fabrication process included 8 photo levels, two LPCVD nitride layers and four polysilicon layers. Details such as the incorporation of etch stops, deposition at higher than normal temperatures to reduce deposition times and anisotropic etch chemistry are important for the successful fabrication of these structures. Measurements were made throughout the fabrication process and pictures were taken at several points in the process. The completed wafers were tested and actuator structures were videotaped.
On-Membrane Deblocking of Proteins (2003)

Vandekerckhove et al. () developed a new method for protein micro-sequencing in 1985, in which subnanomole amounts of proteins are separated by one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and then transferred from the gel onto a Polybrene-treated glass fiber filter by Western blotting originally developed by Towbin et al. () and sequenced directly by a gas-phase sequencer (). Two years later, Matsudaira () found that a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane could be used in place of the glass fiber filter for efficient electroblotting and gas-phase sequencing. The PVDF membrane filter has several advantages over the glass fiber filter in, for example, protein binding capacity, protein detection on the filter, and handling. Since 1987, the Western blotting/sequencing using the PVDF membrane has come to be very widely used in protein sequence analysis ().
The Redox Chemistry of Mono‐ and Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxides (2013)

Abstract Mono‐ and bis(acyl)phosphane oxides are usually utilized as photoinitiators for radical polymerizations. This manuscript reveals the electrochemically reversible reductions of these molecules, leading to the corresponding radical anions. The radical anions, which have been characterized by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy, display remarkable delocalization and ion‐pairing behavior that can be rationalized by theoretical calculations.
How Cysteine Reacts with Citral:  An Unexpected Reaction of β,β-Disubstituted Acroleins with Cysteine Leading to Hexahydro-1,4-thiazepines (2005)

The reaction of beta,beta-disubstituted acroleins [3-methyl-2-butenal (1), 3-methyl-2-hexenal (2), and citral (3)] with cysteine gave 1:2 adducts of a novel structural type, namely hexahydro-1,4-thiazepines. To the best of our knowledge, the spontaneous formation of a seven-membered heterocycle from the addition of cysteine to alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes is unprecedented. The adduct 6 obtained from citral, under acidic conditions, reacted further to give the new bicyclic compound 8.
Coherence patterns originating from incoherent volume sources (2004)

We derive the complex degree of coherence that originates from generalized incoherent two- and three-dimensional sources. Further, we find the locus of maximum coherence and analyze the dependence of the decay of coherence on source thickness.
Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence measurements in the plume of a 6 kw Hall thruster with unperturbed oscillations (2014)

We present results from interrogating the time-resolved ion velocity distribution in the plume of a 6 kW laboratory Hall thruster with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). To our knowledge, these are the first measurements of time-resolved ion velocity distribution on completely unperturbed Hall thruster operating conditions. To date, time-resolved LIF measurements have been made on Hall thrusters with oscillations modified to be amenable to either an ensemble average in the time domain [1,2] or a heterodyne approach [3]. Each case relied on active perturbations in either discharge current [1], hollow cathode keeper potential [2], or anode potential [3].
Solid-state carbon-13 NMR study of oligomeric and polymeric azines (1989)

The solid-state13C NMR spectra of a series of oligomeric and polymeric azines based on the 2,3-butanedione dihydrazone monomer have been obtained. The monomer in the series yields single peaks in the methyl region and in the imine region of the NMR spectrum. As the chain length increases, new lines grow in downfield of the monomer resonances while the intensity of the original peaks diminish. This is consistent with the new features being associated with carbons along the interior of the macromolecular chain and the original peaks being associated with carbons at the end of the polymer chain. The downfield shift affiliated with the interior carbons is indicative of a small amount of conjugation of the π system along the chain. The polymer undergoes an irreversible transition in the DSC near 130 °C that has been identified by IR spectra with loss of occluded DMSO from the polymer lattice. Solid-state NMR spectra are consistent with this conclusion. © 1989, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Compton scattering x-ray experiments at the Fermilab electron source facility (1996)

We propose to use the intense electron source that is being built at Fermilab to generate x-ray pulses with picosecond time resolution and with tunable wavelength in the range 2A < λ < 50A. The x-rays are produced by backscattering an infrared (IR) laser pulse, λ = 1054 nm, from the pulsed electron beam. The same laser pulse, but after quadrupling to the UV (λ = 263 nm), is used to excite the photocathode and thus generate the electron beam. Consequently the laser and the electron beam have the same time-structure and can be kept synchronized. Initially we plan to use pulses with 10 ps FWHM.
Guinea pig cellular immune responses to proteins secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1995)

To study the immunological activity of proteins secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we carried out comparative studies in guinea pigs infected intravenously with 2.5 x 10(3) CFU of this organism or with 2.5 x 10(4) CFU of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Groups of infected guinea pigs were skin tested with fractions of secreted proteins covering well-defined narrow-molecular-mass regions, or such fractions were used for lymphocyte stimulation experiments. The lymphocyte stimulation experiments showed that the fraction containing proteins with molecular masses below 10 kDa had a superior stimulating capacity in tuberculous guinea pigs whereas the 24- to 30-kDa fraction gave significantly higher skin reactions in this group compared with BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. A precise mapping within the region from 23 to 35 kDa by using a combination of narrow overlapping fractions and purified proteins enabled the identification of the 24-kDa antigen MPT64 as a molecule specific for tuberculous infection. Thus, MPT64 is a promising candidate for a specific diagnostic skin test reagent for human tuberculosis.
Analysis of patient-specific stimulation with segmented leads in the subthalamic nucleus (2019)

The clinical benefits of segmented leads are likely to be obtained by a VTA confined within the subthalamic nucleus and a larger radial distance in the best stimulation direction, while steering the VTA away from unwanted fiber tracts outside the nucleus. Applying the same concepts at a larger scale and in chronically implanted patients may help to predict the best stimulation area.
Designing computer-based training for creativity: an examination of learner control, feedback, and creative personal identity (2009)

Increasing employee creativity is important for organizational innovation and survival in increasingly adaptive markets. Computer-based training is a popular trend in most organizations, yet little research has examined how to design computer-based creativity training. The present study applied cognitive evaluation theory to guide the design of a computer-based creativity training program. It was hypothesized that by offering participants learner control and feedback, their intrinsic motivation and creativity on brainstorming exercises would increase. 
Two hundred and forty-one college students participated in a two-hour online training program about the creative problem solving process. A 3 X 2 ANOVA design was used with feedback and learner control as factors. Participants either had no learner control over the training program, or received learner control over pacing and type of example viewed. In addition, participants either received no feedback, regular performance feedback, or performance feedback paired with strategy advice. Although hypotheses about learner control and feedback were not supported due to training administration factors, the study did support the importance of perceived self-determination and perceived competence in predicting intrinsic motivation for creative training exercises. In addition, creative personal identity emerged as an important variable to include in future investigations, as it related to perceived competence, intrinsic motivation, and creative performance. Suggestions for adjustment to administration factors, future areas of research, and contributions of the study are also discussed.
Mathematical Analyses of Segregations and Chemical Compositional Changes of Nonmetallic Inclusions during Solidification of Steels (1992)

Reviewed in this paper are mathematical analyses for prediction of segregations and chemical compositions change of nonmetallic inclusions during solidification of steels. The studies conducted by the present author are used to construct the main stream of this article, and the author’s view is delivered by introducing the related studies by other researchers and in comparisons among them.In order to predict segregations of solutes during solidification of steels with more precision than previous microsegregation models such as Flemings-Brody equation and Clyne-Kurz equation, finite difference method was utilized to solve the Fick’s law of solute diffusion in combination of thermodynamic equilibrium calculation at the solid/liquid interface. Stemming from the work, various attempts were conducted for its modifications, improvements and extensions of applicability. In order to control the chemical compositions of nonmetallic inclusions preferable to properties of steel products, mathematical analyses were done for the prediction of their chemical compositions change during solidification of steels. It utilized a microsegregation model by Clyne and Kurz and the assumption of equilibrium throughout the residual liquid including nonmetallic inclusions. In the most universal calculation method developed by the present author et al. simulation softwares developed in the field of calculation of phase diagram were fully utilized. An improved simulation method for solidification path analysis was introduced, which utilized a finite difference method to solve the solute diffusion between adjacent finite segments and equilibrium calculation in each finite segment to solve transformation.The author’s view for the future task in these field is summarized at the end. Development of mathematical models are highly promising, which consider macroscopic transport of solute and nonmetallic inclusions if necessary among the segments consisting the system interested and appropriate reaction models in each segment.
On the spatiotemporal dynamics and couplings across epileptogenic networks (2013)

masses. The neural mass 1 starts first the seizure and then recruits the neural mass 2.
The biomarkers suPAR and blood eosinophils are associated with hospital readmissions and mortality in asthma – a retrospective cohort study (2019)

In patients acutely admitted with asthma, elevated suPAR concentrations together with blood eosinophil count < 150 cells/μL at the time of hospital admission were associated with both 365-day all-cause readmission and mortality.
Effects of tachykinins on inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in slices of hamster urinary bladder (1987)

Tachykinin-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis was examined in slices of hamster urinary bladder. In the presence of lithium, to inhibit inositol monophosphatase activity, substance P, eledoisin and related tachykinins induced large, dose-dependent increases in [3H]-inositol monophosphate accumulation. The responses to substance P and eledoisin were not antagonized by the cholinoceptor antagonist, atropine. The rank order of potency for various tachykinins was kassinin greater than neurokinin A greater than neurokinin B greater than eledoisin greater than physaelamin greater than substance P greater than substance P methyl ester. The synthetic analogue [p-Glu6, D-Pro9]SP (6-11) was considerably more potent than its L-prolyl stereoisomer at stimulating inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. These results suggest that in the hamster urinary bladder, tachykinin-induced inositol phospholipid breakdown is mediated via tachykinin receptors of the SP-E type, as opposed to the SP-P type.
Nighttime Blood Pressure Dipping in Postmenopausal Women With Coronary Heart Disease (2020)

Blunted nighttime blood pressure (BP) dipping is prognostic of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This relationship may be stronger among women than men. The present study hypothesized that coronary artery disease (CAD) and advancing age would be associated with reduced BP dipping in postmenopausal women. The effects of daytime physical activity and nighttime sleep quality on BP dipping were also examined.