gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic approach to hearing loss compensation (2014)

Modern hearing aids use Dynamic Range Compression (DRC) as the primary solution to combat Hearing Loss (HL). Unfortunately, common DRC based solutions to hearing loss are not directly based on a proper mathematical or algorithmic description of the hearing loss problem. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model for describing hearing loss, and we use Bayesian inference for deriving optimal HL compensation algorithms. We will show that, for a simple specific generative HL model, the inferred HL compensation algorithm corresponds to the classic DRC solution. An advantage to our approach is that it is readily extensible to more complex hearing loss models, which by automated Bayesian inference would yield complex yet optimal hearing loss compensation algorithms.
A miniaturized dual-fibre laser Doppler sensor (2001)

The integration of laser Doppler velocimeters into small components such as wind tunnel models requires highly miniaturized sensors. This paper presents a novel miniaturization concept, suitable for reducing the dimensions of a fibre-coupled laser Doppler sensor to a millimetre scale. Only a few low-cost, passive elements such as two fibres, a diffraction grating and refractive optics are employed. Preliminary results of a realized sensor head, of about 7 mm diameter and about 15 mm length, are presented. The generated measurement volume of about 0.02 mm diameter and about 0.1 mm length allows highly spatially-resolved velocity measurements. The outstanding features of the sensor are its simplicity, ruggedness and the high optical power of about 0.5 W in the measurement volume.
Microwave detected, microwave–optical double resonance spectra of NO2: A test of Hardwick’s ergodicity conjecture (1985)

In a recent paper, Hardwick predicted that the optical spectrum of NO2 should display ‘‘quantum ergodicity’’, meaning that almost all eigenstates allowed by total symmetry should be seen in absorption. We have performed a test of this prediction by using the technique of microwave detected, microwave–optical double resonance. We have determined the spectrum over the range 16 810–17 100 cm−1 for the two ground vibrational states 91,9(F1) and 100,10(F1) of NO2. We observed 324 transitions from the 100,10 state and 364 transitions from the 91,9 state. The number of observed transitions is a factor of 8 greater than that expected if only the allowed rotational transitions to any B2 symmetry vibronic level were observed. The number of observed lines is a factor of 3 less than the number predicted if all selection rules were broken as predicted by Hardwick. Thus we see that Hardwick’s ‘‘ergodicity’’ conjecture is a useful starting point for understanding the spectrum of NO2, but the spectrum is intermediate between the regular and the ergodic limits.
Safety and Efficacy of Tigecycline in Treatment of Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Results of a Double-Blind Phase 3 Comparison Study with Vancomycin-Aztreonam (2005)

In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 546 patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections received tigecycline 100 mg/day (a 100-mg initial dose and then 50 mg intravenously twice daily) or the combination of vancomycin 2 g/day (1 g intravenously twice daily) and aztreonam 4 g/day (2 g intravenously twice daily) for up to 14 days. The primary end point was the clinical response in the clinical modified intent-to-treat (c-mITT) and clinically evaluable (CE) populations at the test-of-cure visit 12 to 92 days after the last dose. The microbiologic response at the test-of-cure visit was also assessed. Safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory results, and adverse event reporting. Five hundred twenty patients were included in the c-mITT population (tigecycline group, n = 261; combination group, n = 259), and 436 were clinically evaluable (tigecycline group, n = 223; combination group, n = 213). The clinical responses in the tigecycline and the combination vancomycin and aztreonam groups were similar in the c-mITT population (84.3% versus 86.9%; difference, -2.6% [95% confidence interval, -9.0, 3.8]; P = 0.4755) and the CE population (89.7% versus 94.4%; difference, -4.7% [95% confidence interval, -10.2, 0.8]; P = 0.1015). Microbiologic eradication (documented or presumed) occurred in 84.8% of the patients receiving tigecycline and 93.2% of the patients receiving vancomycin and aztreonam (difference, -8.5 [95% confidence interval, -16.0, -1.0]; P = 0.0243). The numbers of patients reporting adverse events were similar in the two groups, with increased nausea and vomiting rates in the tigecycline group and an increased incidence of rash and increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the combination vancomycin and aztreonam group. Tigecycline was shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
OK-VQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark Requiring External\n Knowledge (2019)

Visual Question Answering (VQA) in its ideal form lets us study reasoning in\nthe joint space of vision and language and serves as a proxy for the AI task of\nscene understanding. However, most VQA benchmarks to date are focused on\nquestions such as simple counting, visual attributes, and object detection that\ndo not require reasoning or knowledge beyond what is in the image. In this\npaper, we address the task of knowledge-based visual question answering and\nprovide a benchmark, called OK-VQA, where the image content is not sufficient\nto answer the questions, encouraging methods that rely on external knowledge\nresources. Our new dataset includes more than 14,000 questions that require\nexternal knowledge to answer. We show that the performance of the\nstate-of-the-art VQA models degrades drastically in this new setting. Our\nanalysis shows that our knowledge-based VQA task is diverse, difficult, and\nlarge compared to previous knowledge-based VQA datasets. We hope that this\ndataset enables researchers to open up new avenues for research in this domain.\nSee http://okvqa.allenai.org to download and browse the dataset.\n
Power7: IBM's Next-Generation Server Processor (2010)

The Power7 is IBM's first eight-core processor, with each core capable of four-way simultaneous-multithreading operation. Its key architectural features include an advanced memory hierarchy with three levels of on-chip cache; embedded-DRAM devices used in the highest level of the cache; and a new memory interface. This balanced multicore design scales from 1 to 32 sockets in commercial and scientific environments.
Regression of Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger Inhibition (2003)

Cardiac hypertrophy is often associated with an increased sympathetic drive, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to either alpha- or beta-adrenergic stimulation. Because an association between the Na+/H+ exchanger and cellular growth has been proposed, this study aimed to analyze the possible role of the antiporter in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Isoproterenol alone (5 mg/kg IP once daily) or combined with a selective inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger activity (3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) BIIB723) was given to male Wistar rats for 30 days. Sex- and age-matched rats that received 0.9% saline IP daily served as controls. Echocardiographic follow-up showed a 33% increase in left ventricular mass in the isoproterenol-treated group, whereas it did not increase in the isoproterenol+BIIB723-treated group. Heart weight-to-body weight ratio at necropsy was 2.44+/-0.11 in controls and increased to 3.35+/-0.10 (P<0.05) with isoproterenol, an effect that was markedly attenuated by BIIB723 (2.82+/-0.07). Intense cardiomyocyte enlargement and severe subendocardial fibrosis were found in isoproterenol-treated rats, and both effects were attenuated by BIIB723. Myocardial Na+/H+ exchanger activity and protein expression significantly increased in isoproterenol-treated rats compared with the control group (1.45+/-0.11 vs 0.91+/-0.05 arbitrary units, P<0.05). This effect was significantly reduced by BIIB723 (1.17+/-0.02, P<0.05). In conclusion, our results show that Na+/H+ exchanger inhibition prevented the development of isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy and fibrosis, providing strong evidence in favor of a key role played by the antiporter in this model of cardiac hypertrophy.
Role of long non-coding RNAs in rice reproductive development (2022)

Rice is a staple crop, feeding over half of the global population. The future demand of population growth and climate change requires substantial rice improvement. Recent advances in rice genomics have highlighted the vital role of the non-coding part of the genome. The protein-coding regions account for only a tiny portion of the eukaryotic genome, and most of the genomic regions transcribe copious amounts of non-coding RNAs. Of these, the long non-coding RNAs, including linear non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular non-coding RNAs (circRNAs), have been shown to play critical roles in various developmental processes by regulating the expression of genes and functions of proteins at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. With the advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, a substantial number of long non-coding RNAs have been found to be expressed in plant reproductive organs in a cell- and tissue-specific manner suggesting their reproductive development-related functions. Accumulating evidence points towards the critical role of these non-coding RNAs in flowering, anther, and pollen development, ovule and seed development and photoperiod and temperature regulation of male fertility. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of the role of the linear and circular long non-coding RNAs in rice reproductive development and control of fertility and crop yield.
Miniature RF MEMS metal-contact switches for DC-20 GHz applications (2011)

Summary form only given, as follows. This paper presents the design and measurement of a miniature RF MEMS metal-contact switch. Measured S-parameters on a single switch show an up-state capacitance of 5 fF and a 13–14 Ω contact resistance for a Au-Ru contact under an actuation voltage of 55 V. Then, 10 miniature RF MEMS switches have been placed in parallel and result in an up-state capacitance of 30 fF and a switch resistance of 1.4 Ω. The switch is robust to stress effects which increases its yield on large wafers.
Asymptotic behavior of the matched-phase noise filter in the limit of low signal-to-noise ratio (1994)

It has been shown elsewhere that information about the shape of the noise spectrum with no phase knowledge can be used to construct a noise rejection algorithm which we call the matched-phase filter. Here, it is demonstrated that to first order in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the matched-phase filter is capable of improving an arbitrarily low SNR (≪1) to order unity when the spectrum of the noise is known exactly. This analysis accounts for properties of numerical results with computer-generated signal and noise, with SNR values below −100 dB. Since computers have dynamic ranges far in excess of audio equipment, these results in an actual experiment would be limited by the dynamic ranges of the equipment used. Also shown are examples illustrating the performance of the algorithm when the noise spectrum is known only approximately.
A Variant Selection Model for the Prediction of Fcc‐To‐Bcc Transformation Textures (1996)

In the present work, a simple model is described for the prediction of fcc‐to‐bcc transformation textures. It employs a discrete distribution of orientations and is based on the Kurdjumov‐Sachs relationship for the γ ‐to‐ α transformation. An important feature of the model involves the variant selection rule, which assumes that nucleation is favoured according to a slip system based variant selection criterion. Subsequent selective growth involves a transformation work rule based on the Bain strains and the presence of an internal stress field. The transformation texture predicted from an experimental 95% cold rolled Ni‐30wt%Co alloy texture is compared to experimental martensite textures for both a Nb‐microalloyed steel and a Fe‐30%Ni alloy. The predicted texture displays better agreement with the steel data.
Revisión teórica acerca de las implicaciones de la Inteligencia Emocional en el contexto clínico, laboral y educativo (2022)

La inteligencia emocional (IE) ha sido un constructo ampliamente estudiado en las últimas décadas. Así, se ha indigado en su influencia en el área clínica, laboral y educativa. Con el fin de englobar y concretar un mapa acerca de los principales hallazgos sobre las implicaciones de la IE en estos ámbitos, surge esta revisión teórica. Los principales resultados en el área de la salud demuestran que la IE se haya vinculada al bienestar y a la calidad de vida, así como a la psicopatología tanto de corte más afectivo como aquella con sintomatología más conductual. En el terreno laboral, la IE se ha asociado con los niveles de satisfacción laboral, síndrome del burnout, rendimiento laboral del trabajo en equipo y efectividad del liderazgo. Por último, en el área educativa, parece influir sobre el rendimiento académico a través de la mediación de variables de personalidad o metacognitivas, entre otras. Todo ello hace patente la importancia de enfocar la investigación hacia el análisis de la efectividad de implementar la IE en estos contextos llevando la teoría a la práctica y explorando la influencia de sus componentes.
WormBook (2012)

The C. elegans hermaphrodite vulva is an established model system to study mechanisms of cell fate specification and tissue morphogenesis. The adult vulva is a tubular shaped organ composed of seven concentric toroids that arise from selective fusion between differentiated vulval progeny. The dorsal end of the vulval tubule is connected to the uterus via a multinucleate syncytium utse (uterine-seam) cell. The vulval tubule and utse are formed as a result of changes in morphogenetic processes such as cell polarity, adhesion, and invagination. A number of genes controlling these processes are conserved all the way up to human and function in similar developmental contexts. This makes it possible to extend the findings to other metazoan systems. Gene expression studies in the vulval and uterine cells have revealed the presence of regulatory networks specifying distinct cell fates. Thus, these two cell types serve as a good system to understand how gene networks confer unique cell identities both experimentally and computationally. This chapter focuses on morphogenetic processes during the formation of the vulva and its connection to uterus.
Complement activation induces dysregulation of angiogenic factors and causes fetal rejection and growth restriction (2006)

Immune mechanisms have been implicated in placental dysfunction in patients with recurrent miscarriages and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but the mediators are undefined. Here we show that complement activation, particularly C5a, is a required intermediary event in the pathogenesis of placental and fetal injury in an antibody-independent mouse model of spontaneous miscarriage and IUGR, and that complement activation causes dysregulation of the angiogenic factors required for normal placental development. Pregnancies complicated by miscarriage or growth restriction were characterized by inflammatory infiltrates in placentas, functional deficiency of free vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), elevated levels of soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sVEGFR-1, also known as sFlt-1; a potent anti-angiogenic molecule), and defective placental development. Inhibition of complement activation in vivo blocked the increase in sVEGFR-1 and rescued pregnancies. In vitro stimulation of monocytes with products of the complement cascade directly triggered release of sVEGFR-1, which sequesters VEGF. These studies provide the first evidence linking the complement system to angiogenic factor imbalance associated with placental dysfunction, and identify a new effector of immune-triggered pregnancy complications.
Localization and movement of mineral oil in plants by fluorescence and confocal microscopy (2005)

Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy were explored to investigate the movement and localization of mineral oils in citrus. In a laboratory experiment, fluorescence microscopy observation indicated that when a 'narrow' distillation fraction of an nC23 horticultural mineral oil was applied to adaxial and opposing abaxial leaf surfaces of potted orange [Citrus x aurantium L. (Sapindales: Rutaceae)] trees, oil penetrated steadily into treated leaves and, subsequently, moved to untreated petioles of the leaves and adjacent untreated stems. In another experiment, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to visualize the penetration into, and the subsequent cellular distribution of, an nC24 agricultural mineral oil in C. trifoliata L. seedlings. Oil droplets penetrated or diffused into plants via both stomata and the cuticle of leaves and stems, and then moved within intercellular spaces and into various cells including phloem and xylem. Oil accumulated in droplets in intercellular spaces and within cells near the cell membrane. Oil entered cells without visibly damaging membranes or causing cell death. In a field experiment with mature orange trees, droplets of an nC23 horticultural mineral oil were observed, by fluorescence microscopy, in phloem sieve elements in spring flush growth produced 4-5 months and 16-17 months after the trees were sprayed with oil. These results suggest that movement of mineral oil in plants is both apoplastic via intercellular spaces and symplastic via plasmodesmata. The putative pattern of the translocation of mineral oil in plants and its relevance to oil-induced chronic phytotoxicity are discussed.
Targeted Exon Capture and Sequencing in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2014)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that results in progressive degeneration of motor neurons, ultimately leading to paralysis and death. Approximately 10% of ALS cases are familial, with the remaining 90% of cases being sporadic. Genetic studies in familial cases of ALS have been extremely informative in determining the causative mutations behind ALS, especially as the same mutations identified in familial ALS can also cause sporadic disease. However, the cause of ALS in approximately 30% of familial cases and in the majority of sporadic cases remains unknown. Sporadic ALS cases represent an underutilized resource for genetic information about ALS; therefore, we undertook a targeted sequencing approach of 169 known and candidate ALS disease genes in 242 sporadic ALS cases and 129 matched controls to try to identify novel variants linked to ALS. We found a significant enrichment in novel and rare variants in cases versus controls, indicating that we are likely identifying disease associated mutations. This study highlights the utility of next generation sequencing techniques combined with functional studies and rare variant analysis tools to provide insight into the genetic etiology of a heterogeneous sporadic disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocomposite Manganese Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A New SMAD4 Splice Site Variant in a Three-Generation Italian Family with Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (2022)

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperplastic polyps in the upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract with a high risk of developing GI cancers. We have described a three-generation Italian family with all the spectrum of SMAD4 phenotype. A multigene panel test was performed on the genomic DNA of the proband by next-generation sequencing, including genes related to hereditary GI tumor syndromes. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of the c.1140-2A>G substitution in the SMAD4 gene, a novel splice variant that has never been described before. Our family is remarkable in that it illustrates the variable expressivity of the SMAD4 phenotype within the same family. The possibility of phenotype variability should also be considered within family members carrying the same mutation. In JPS, a timely genetic diagnosis allows clinicians to better manage patients and to provide early surveillance and intervention for their asymptomatic mutated relatives in the early decades of life.
Requirements Complexity Definition and Classification using Natural Language Processing (2018)

This paper addresses the risks and impacts from use of subjective assessment of requirements complexity in planning, estimation, and test phases of software development. The risks are to delivery schedule and product quality and impacts are significant functionalities planned for later cycles, compressed times for testing and late detection of high severity defects. A solution to objectively determine complexity and ranking of requirements that mitigates these risks and impacts is discussed. Applying natural language processing, key words are identified in the given set of requirements, and their weights measured to determine the complexity class distribution and ranking. This classification and the ranked requirements data is used in estimation, planning, and defining development and test execution sequence. Objectively determined complexity classes improves accuracy in test estimation and planning. The complexity-based test sequencing mitigates risk to product quality and execution schedule by early discovery of high severity defects providing the project team a sufficient time to recover. This also lowers the project risk to subsequent phases as ranked complex requirements are tested early and simpler requirements are tested at the end of the cycle. Results and benefits obtained in applying this solution to several projects are presented contrasting with projects that did not use this.
Germline <i>SDHA</i> mutations in children and adults with cancer (2018)

Mutations in succinate dehydrogenase complex genes predispose to familial paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome (FPG) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Here we describe cancer patients undergoing agnostic germline testing at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and found to harbor germline <i>SDHA</i> mutations. Using targeted sequencing covering the cancer census genes, we identified 10 patients with <i>SDHA</i> germline mutations. Cancer diagnoses for these patients carrying <i>SDHA</i> germline mutations included neuroblastoma (<i>n</i> = 1), breast (<i>n</i> = 1), colon (<i>n</i> = 1), renal (<i>n</i> = 1), melanoma and uterine (<i>n</i> = 1), prostate (<i>n</i> = 1), endometrial (<i>n</i> = 1), bladder (<i>n</i> = 1), and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) (<i>n</i> = 2). Immunohistochemical staining and assessment of patient tumors for second hits and loss of heterozygosity in <i>SDHA</i> confirmed GIST as an <i>SDHA</i>-associated tumor and suggests <i>SDHA</i> germline mutations may be a driver in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.