gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of sofosbuvir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection (2015)

The nucleotide analog NS5B polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2013 for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in combination with ribavirin or peginterferon and ribavirin. Sofosbuvir was developed to meet an urgent medical need for shorter, safer, simplified, more effective HCV treatment regimens and to reduce or eliminate the need for peginterferon. New treatment regimens were especially required for patient populations with limited treatment options, including patients who had failed prior HCV therapy, those with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, and those who were either intolerant of or had contraindications to interferon. Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for patients with genotype 2 or 3 HCV infection was the first approved all-oral treatment option. Sofosbuvir is also the backbone of the first regimen available for patients awaiting liver transplantation to prevent HCV recurrence, as well as the first oral interferon-free regimen for patients coinfected with HCV and HIV. This paper describes the development of sofosbuvir up to its original FDA approval.
Clinical Presentation and Course of Crohn's Disease in Southeastern Ontario (1988)

Clinical records of 222 patients with proven Crohn's disease identified at Queen's University Medical School in Kingston, Ontario from 1966 to 1984 were reviewed. Four clinical patterns were identified. Ileocolic disease (44%) was most trequent. Small intestinal involvement alone occurred in 30% while colonic involvement alone was documented in 18%. Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease was diagnosed in 8.5%, but in all such patients there was involvement of additional small or large bowel. Females (57%) out-numbered males (43%) with a female to male ratio of 1.3. The age range at diagnosis was seven to 73 years and 177 patients (80%) were diagnosed between the ages of 11 and 40 years. Patients with colonic disease only tended to be older and had fewer obstructive episodes, fewer surgical resections and more gross rectal bleeding. Patients with gascroduodenal disease were more often male, usually had additional small bowel involvement, experienced more local complications and required more surgical intervention than the ocher patterns. Only one patient was identified with disease restricted to the anorectum. Patients in this series were followed from two months to 24 years. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.9 years. The frequency of complications and the necessity for surgery were similar to other reported series. None of the patients had either large or small bowel cancer during the follow-up period and there were no deaths related directly to Crohn's disease, its complications or related surgery.
The effects of Fetal Surgery on Retinopathy of Prematurity Development (2009)

Fetal/fetoscopic surgery appears to significantly increase the rate of ROP and threshold ROP development. Greater numbers are needed to confirm these observations.
Oxygen electroreduction catalysed by laccase wired to gold nanoparticles via the trinuclear copper cluster (2016)

Comparison of conventional and newly developed laccase-based electrocatalytic systems for oxygen reduction.
An embedded multichannel telemetry unit for bone strain monitoring (2013)

Abstract An embedded telemetry unit for bone strain monitoring is presented. The telemetry unit is designed using commercially available components to lower design time and manufacturing costs. The unit can read up to eight strain gauges and measures 2.4 cm × 1.3 cm × 0.7 cm. The unit is powered from a small Li-polymer battery that can be recharged wirelessly through tissue, making it suitable for implanted applications. The average current consumption of the telemetry unit is 1.9 mA while transmitting at a rate of 75 kps and at a sampling rate of 20 Hz. The telemetry unit also features a power-down mode to minimize its power consumption when it is not in use. The telemetry unit operates in the 915-MHz ISM radio band. The unit was tested in an ex vivo setting with an ulna bone from a mouse and in a simulated in vivo setting with a phantom tissue. Bone strain data collected ex vivo shows that the telemetry unit can measure strain with an accuracy comparable to a more expensive benchtop data acquisition system.
A novel cost-distortion optimization framework for video streaming over differentiated services networks (2004)

This paper presents a novel framework for streaming video over a Differentiated Services (DiffServ) network that jointly considers video source coding, packet classification and error concealment within the scope of cost-distortion optimization. Our formulation incorporates the random network delay for each packet into the calculation of the probability of packet loss and manages the end-to-end packet delay by selecting the encoding parameters and packet priority. We formulate two approaches to evaluate the performance of the proposed framework: a minimum distortion approach and a minimum cost approach, in which the encoding mode and priority class for each packet are optimally selected so as to minimize the total distortion subject to cost constraints, or to minimize the total cost subject to end-to-end distortion constraints. Simulation results demonstrate the advantage of jointly adapting the source coding and packet classification.
Stress - Strain characteristics of frozen silty and clayey soils (2015)

et al.;ExxonMobil;International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE);POSCO;Shanghai Jiao Tong University;SK Innovation
Nitrogen Separation System. (1994)

A new polyimide hollow fiber membrane for air separation was develpoed.
Feeling Through Spacesuits: Application of Space-Resilient E-Textiles to Enable Haptic Feedback on Pressurized Extravehicular Suits (2021)

Extravehicular activity (EVA) spacesuits frequently remain bulky and pressurized, which impedes astronauts' ability to engage with the proximate environment and with fellow astronauts. In this project, a concept prototype for a sensate skin intended for the exterior of an EVA suit is manufactured using commercially available electronic fabric sensors. This prototype is then shown to discriminate between surfaces relevant to space explorers (metallic objects, rocky surfaces, and spacesuit gloves), implying that each surface can be translated into a unique sensory experience. Specifically, haptic actuators flush against the astronaut's biological skin can transduce sensory data from the external environment through the pressurized suit, allowing the astronaut to feel touch input right through the spacesuit. The key contribution of this work is to introduce a plausible application area for space-resilient electronic textiles using commercial off-the-shelf fabric sensors for demonstration.
Bayesian Shot Detection using Structural Weighting (2000)

A video stream consists of a number of shots each of which has different boundary types such as cut, fade, and dissolve. Many previous approaches can find the cut boundary without difficulty. However, most of them often produce false alarms for the videos with large motions of camera and objects. In this paper, we demonstrate that the shape of the histogram difference between two successive color images, called the structural information, provides an important cue to distinguish fade and dissolve effects from cut effect. Our shot detection method uses an optimal Bayesian classifier weighted by the structural information to model the gradual transitions such as fades and dissolves. The proposed method has been tested for a few golf video segments and shown good performances in detecting fade and dissolve effects as well as cut. 1.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) Provisionally Designated PPV5 (2013)

A new porcine parvovirus (PPV) was identified from pig lung tissues in the United States. It is most closely related to the recently identified PPV4 with overall genomic identities of 64.1 to 67.3%. Unlike PPV4, this virus lacks the additional open reading frame 3 (ORF3) and has a much longer ORF2. The name PPV5 is provisionally proposed.
Towards a single-photon energy-sensitive pixel readout chip: pixel level ADCs and digital readout circuitry (2002)

Unlike conventional CMOS imaging, a singlephoton imager detects each individual photon impinging ona detector, accumulating the number of photons during acertain time window and not the charge generated by the allthe photons hitting the detector during said time window.The latest developments in the semiconductor industryare allowing faster and more complex chips to be designedand manufactured. With these developments in mind we areworking towards the next step in single photon X-ray imaging:energy sensitive pixel readout chips. The goal is not only to detect and count individual photons, but also to measure the charge deposited in the detector by each photon, and consequently determine its energy. Basically, we are aiming at a spectrometer-in-a-pixel, or a 'color X-ray camera'. The approach we have followed towards this goal is the design of small analog-to-digital-converters at the pixel level, together with a very fast digital readout from the pixels to the periphery of the chip, where the data will be transmitted off-chip. We will present here the design and measurement on prototype chips of two different 4-bit pixel level ADCs. The ADCs are optimized for very small area and low power, with a resolution of 4-bits and a sample rate of 1 Msample/s. The readout architecture is based around current-mode sense amplifiers and asynchronous token-passing between the pixels. This is done in order to achieve event-by-event readout and, consequently, on-line imaging. We need to read eventby-event (photon-by-photon), because we cannot have memory on the pixels due to obvious size constraints. We use current-mode sense amplifiers because they perform very well in similar applications as very fast static-RAM readout.
Expression profiling of genes regulated by TGF-beta: Differential regulation in normal and tumour cells (2007)

These data suggest major differences with respect to TGF-beta mediated gene regulation in normal and transformed cells and significant role of non-canonical TGF-beta pathways in the regulation of many genes by TGF-beta.
Queen City Forging Revitalized by Oak Ridge National Lab Partnership – U.S. Department of Energy (2016)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, with support from the U.S. Department of Energy, teamed up with Queen City Forging, the U.S. Forging Industry, and Infrared Heating Technologies to develop a rapid-infrared heating furnace to produce aluminum turbochargers.
Design patterns for the data structures and algorithms course (1999)

Design patterns have recently emerged as a vehicle for describing and documenting recurring object-oriented designs. More significantly, they offer up a long-awaited framework for teaching good software design. This paper espouses the use of object-oriented design patterns in the teaching of the second course in computer science, viz., the data structures and algorithms course.To use design patterns effectively, it is necessary to present the various data structures and algorithms in a common programming framework. This paper also espouses the use of a single, unified class hierarchy and the commitment to a single design throughout the teaching of the second course.
Dual-band LNA for 2.4/5.2GHz applications (2006)

A dual-band low noise amplifier (LNA) which can operate at both 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz frequency band is proposed. Input matching, noise matching and narrow gain are achieved at 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz frequency band by switching the equivalent inductance and resistance of input and output circuits. The proposed LNA is designed in a TSMC 0.18um CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.5V. The LNA has gain of 11.8 dB and 16 dB, noise figure of 3.6 dB and 2.5 dB at 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz frequency band respectively while dissipating power of 4.5 mW at both frequency bands.
Percentage of progressors in imaging: can we ignore regressors? (2019)

Stopping or preventing structural progression is a goal common to all inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Imaging may capture structural progression across diseases, but is susceptible to measurement error. Progression can be analysed as a continuous change score over time (eg, mean change of the van der Heijde-modified Sharp score) or as a binary change score (eg, percentage of progressors according to the modified New York criteria). Here, we argue that the former takes measurement error into account while the latter ignores it, which may lead to spurious conclusions. We will argue that assumptions underlying commonly used binary definitions of progression are false and we propose a method that incorporates (inevitable) measurement error.
Comparison between a 1D and a 2D numerical model of an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator (2008)

The active magnetic regenerator (AMR) refrigeration system represents an environmentally attractive alternative to vapour-compression refrigeration. This paper compares the results of two numerical AMR models: (1) a 1D finite difference model and (2) a 2D finite element model. Both models simulate a reciprocating AMR and can determine the cyclical steady-state temperature profile of the system as well as performance parameters such as the refrigeration capacity, the work input and the coefficient of performance (COP). The models are used to analyse an AMR with a regenerator made of flat parallel plates of gadolinium operating in the presence of a 1 T magnetic field. The results are used to discuss under which circumstances a 1D model is insufficient and a 2D model is necessary. The results indicate that when the temperature gradients in the AMR perpendicular to the flow are small a 1D model obtains accurate results of overall results such as the refrigeration capacity but that a 2D model is required for a detailed analysis of the phenomena occurring inside the AMR.
Congenital ptosis and blepharophimosis in a mentally retarded girl (1998)

A mentally retarded girl with congenital blepharophimosis, ptosis, hypoplastic teeth and other traits consistent with Ohdo syndrome is reported. Her mother had had surgery for blepharophimosis as a small child, but did not fulfil the other criteria for Ohdo syndrome. The mother had also been abusing alcohol prior to the pregnancy. Differential diagnoses and possible modes of inheritance are discussed.
A Split Methyl Halide Transferase AND Gate That Reports by Synthesizing an Indicator Gas (2020)

Monitoring microbial reactions in highly opaque or autofluorescent environments like soils, seawater, and wastewater remains challenging. To develop a simple approach for observing post-translational reactions within microbes situated in environmental matrices, we designed a methyl halide transferase (MHT) fragment complementation assay that reports by synthesizing an indicator gas. We show that backbone fission within regions of high sequence variability in the Rossmann domain yields split MHT (sMHT) AND gates whose fragments cooperatively associate to synthesize CH<sub>3</sub>Br. Additionally, we identify a sMHT whose fragments require fusion to pairs of interacting partner proteins for maximal activity. We also show that sMHT fragments fused to FKBP12 and the FKBP-rapamycin binding domain of mTOR display significantly enhanced CH<sub>3</sub>Br production in the presence of rapamycin. This gas production is reversed in the presence of the competitive inhibitor of FKBP12/FKPB dimerization, indicating that sMHT is a reversible reporter of post-translational reactions. This sMHT represents the first genetic AND gate that reports on protein-protein interactions via an indicator gas. Because indicator gases can be measured in the headspaces of complex environmental samples, this assay should be useful for monitoring the dynamics of diverse molecular interactions within microbes situated in hard-to-image marine and terrestrial matrices.
Plasmodium vivax Controlled Human Malaria Infection – Progress and Prospects (2016)

Modern controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) clinical trials have almost entirely focussed on Plasmodium falciparum, providing a highly informative means to investigate host-pathogen interactions as well as assess potential new prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. However, in recent years, there has been renewed interest in Plasmodium vivax, with CHMI models developed by groups in Colombia, the USA, and Australia. This review summarizes the published experiences, and examines the advantages and disadvantages of the different models that initiate infection either by mosquito bite or using a blood-stage inoculum. As for P. falciparum, CHMI studies with P. vivax will provide a platform for early proof-of-concept testing of drugs and vaccines, accelerating the development of novel interventions.
[P2–063]: INHIBITION OF PROTEIN ARGININE DEIMINASES IMPROVES COGNITION AND REDUCES NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MOUSE MODELS OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE (2017)

Inflammation has been correlated to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a better understanding of its mechanisms may help to develop new therapies for AD. We have recently demonstrated that neutrophils infiltrate the brain and produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in subjects with AD and mice with AD-like disease. Furthermore, inhibition of neutrophil trafficking has therapeutic effect in animal models of AD. Recent studies have shown that protein arginine deiminases (PADs) mediate NET formation and have a role in innate immunity responses. PAD inhibitors have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in numerous inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to test the potential therapeutic effect of PAD inhibition in AD models. BB-Cl-amidine, a pan-PAD inhibitor, and GSK199, a PAD4 specific inhibitor were used to study the role of PADs in vitro and in vivo. The role of PADs in rapid adhesion in vitro was assessed in adhesion assays on integrin ligands. Epifluorescence intravital microscopy and two-photon microscopy were performed to study the role of PADs in neutrophil adhesion in vivo. 5xFAD mice, which develop amyloid pathology, and 3xTg-AD mice, which develop both amyloid and tau pathology, were used to test the effect of PAD inhibition on disease. Treatment of neutrophils with PAD inhibitors reduced integrin-dependent rapid adhesion triggered by chemoattractants and TNF. PAD inhibition also reduced rolling interactions and drastically inhibited firm adhesion in inflamed brain microcirculation. Moreover, two-photon microscopy performed in the brain of AD mice showed a drastic reduction of adhesion and intravascular crawling of neutrophils treated with BB-Cl-amidine compared to untreated cells, suggesting that PADs control neutrophil trafficking in the AD brain. Notably, treatment with BB-Cl-amidine of 3xTg-AD and 5xFAD mice led to a significant restoration of memory in Y maze and contextual fear conditioning behavioral tests when compared to control animals. Neuropathological studies showed that treatment with BB-Cl-amidine reduced microglial activation and amyloid deposition compared to control animals. PAD inhibition interferes with neutrophil trafficking and ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuropathological changes in animal models of AD, suggesting PADs represent new therapeutic targets in AD.
Comparison of Silicon Carbide Packages with Different Solder Attach Materials under High Temperature, Fast Power Cycling Conditions (2019)

Power cycling is an accelerated reliability test used to induce package-related failure mechanisms through exposure to cyclic thermal and electrical stress. As SiC devices continue to grow in adoption for high power density, high efficiency applications, packaging material tradeoffs must be clearly understood to develop highly reliable packaging systems suitable to meet the lifetime requirements of an end-application environment. Verification of the degradation experienced by various thermo-mechanical stackups during active power cycling is paramount to optimizing packages for applications which exceed standard junction temperature ratings of 150°C. A comparison of the predominant failure mechanisms and lifetime experienced by three different test vehicles, designed to replicate both standard Si IGBT solder attaches and higher-temperature solder attaches, under high temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j,max</sub> = 175°C, ΔT = 80 °C), fast (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> <; 5 s) power cycling conditions is presented.
The electronic structure of heavy fermions: Narrow temperature independent bands (1996)

The electronic structure of both Ce and U heavy fermions appears to consist of extremely narrow temperature independent bands. There is no evidence from photoemission for a collective phenomenon normally referred to as the Kondo resonance. In uranium compounds a small dispersion of the bands is easily measurable.
(Invited paper) energy delivery for self-powered IoT devices (2016)

Distributed small-scale electronics for IoT applications are on the rise. Power delivery for such electronics requires innovative design techniques to improve energy efficiency. This paper summarizes energy delivery challenges for IoT devices and discusses several design techniques for efficient power delivery units. Such design solutions cover challenges like energy harvesting from very low input voltage, maximized energy harvesting, energy delivery with multiple voltage domains and design using low voltage devices to sustain higher than breakdown voltages.
LAN for Rapid Force Projection Initiative (RFPI) (1999)

Abstract : The Rapid Force projection Initiative (RFPI) Technology Program Management Office (TPMO) of the Research Development and Engineering Center (RDEC) required a Local Area Network (LAN) to provide the management and technical support of several demonstrations within the Advanced Land Combat (ALC) Science and Technology (S&T) program. In support of this effort UAH was contracted to perform the teaks defined below to complete the installation of the LAN for the RFPI TPMO.
Emergent use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during pediatric cardiac catheterization (Emergent ECMO Use During Cardiac Catheterization) (2006)

Allan, Catherine K. MD; Thiagarajan, Ravi R. MBBS; Armsby, Laurie R. MD; del Nido, Pedro J. MD; Laussen, Peter C. MBBS Author Information