gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse designed densely integrated photonics (2023)

We show how a departure from the old fashioned photonics design approach can lead to optimal designs that are much better than state of the art on many metrics (smaller, more efficient, more robust). This departure is enabled by development of inverse design approach and computer software which designs photonic systems by searching through all possible combinations of realistic parameters and geometries. We show how this inverse design approach can enable new functionalities for photonics, including chip-to-chip on on-chip optical interconnects with error free terabit per second communication rates.
Polypharmacological drug design opportunities against Parkinson's disease (2022)

<ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Background</ns3:bold> : Parkinson's disease is an attractive disease model to extend research towards a better understanding of the interrelationship between genes and the environment (exposome) therefore is an ideal model for a polypharmacological approach due to its clinical heterogeneity. </ns3:p> <ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods</ns3:bold> : In this paper, we present a series of polypharmacological chemical scaffolds extracted from ChEMBL 30 Database, with two or more targets of PD-related proteins obtained through chemoinformatics methods. This way, we describe the first adaptation of the Dual Activity Difference (DAD) map that allows the direct identification of "dual activity cliffs". </ns3:p> <ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Results</ns3:bold> : We identified 25 antiparkinson small molecules whose pharmacological targets are directed to dopaminergic and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors; 2 small molecules with three pharmacological targets with norepinephrine transporter, dopaminergic D1-D2 and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors; 6 with both targets norepinephrine transporter and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors; 2 small molecules with norepinephrine transporter and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors and 1 with both adenosine A2a and Dopamine D1-D5 receptors. </ns3:p> <ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Conclusion</ns3:bold> : Chemoinformatics methods identified 36 polypharmacological chemical scaffolds related to Parkinson's disease. Demonstrating that the design of polypharmacological drugs is an opportunity in PD. </ns3:p>
Nonlinear estimation of stator winding resistance in a brushless DC motor (2013)

Estimation of stator winding resistance in brushless DC motors is important for fault detection and diagnosis. The most popular linear estimation method to date remains the Kalman filter (KF), and the extended form (EKF) for nonlinear systems and measurements. However, a relatively new method referred to as the smooth variable structure filter (SVSF) was introduced in an effort to overcome some of the instability issues with the KF. Further to this development, a new nonlinear estimation strategy was created based on combining elements of the EKF with the SVSF. This new method, referred to as the EK-SVSF, has been applied to a brushless DC motor for estimating the stator winding values. The results are compared with the popular EKF.
Minimal contraction for tissue-engineered skin substitutes when matured at the air-liquid interface (2012)

The structural stability of skin substitutes is critical to avoid aesthetic and functional problems after grafting, such as contractures and hypertrophic scars. The present study was designed to assess the production steps having an influence on the contractile behaviour of the tissue-engineered skin made by the self-assembly approach, where keratinocytes are cultured on tissue-engineered dermis comprised of fibroblasts and the endogenous extracellular matrix they organized. Thus, different aspects were investigated, such as the assembly method of the engineered dermis (various sizes and anchoring designs) and the impact of epithelial cell differentiation (culture submerged in the medium or at the air-liquid interface). To evaluate the structural stability at the end of the production, the substitutes were detached from their anchorages and deposited on a soft substrate, and contraction was monitored over 1 week. Collected data were analysed using a mathematical model to characterize contraction. We observed that the presence of a differentiated epidermis significantly reduced the amount of contraction experienced by the engineered tissues, independently of the assembly method used for their production. When the epidermis was terminally differentiated, the average contraction was only 24 ± 4% and most of the contraction occurred within the first 12 h following deposition on the substrate. This is 2.2-fold less compared to when the epidermis was cultured under the submerged condition, or when tissue-engineered dermis was not overlaid with epithelial cells. This study highlights that the maturation at the air-liquid interface is a critical step in the reconstruction of a tissue-engineered skin that possesses high structural stability.
Role of Dok-1 and Dok-2 in Myeloid Homeostasis and Suppression of Leukemia (2004)

Dok-1 and Dok-2 are closely related rasGAP-associated docking proteins expressed preferentially in hematopoietic cells. Although they are phosphorylated upon activation of many protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), including those coupled with cytokine receptors and oncogenic PTKs like Bcr-Abl, their physiological roles are largely unidentified. Here, we generated mice lacking Dok-1 and/or Dok-2, which included the double-deficient mice succumbed to myeloproliferative disease resembling human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The double-deficient mice displayed medullary and extramedullary hyperplasia of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors with leukemic potential, and their myeloid cells showed hyperproliferation and hypo-apoptosis upon treatment and deprivation of cytokines, respectively. Consistently, the mutant myeloid cells showed enhanced Erk and Akt activation upon cytokine stimulation. Moreover, loss of Dok-1 and/or Dok-2 induced blastic transformation of chronic phase CML-like disease in mice carrying the bcr-abl gene, a cause of CML. These findings demonstrate that Dok-1 and Dok-2 are key negative regulators of cytokine responses and are essential for myeloid homeostasis and suppression of leukemia.
Stream synthesis for efficient power simulation based on spectral transforms (1998)

In this paper, we present a power estimation technique for control-flow intensive designs that is tailored towards driving iterative high-level synthesis systems, where hundreds of architectural trade-offs are explored and compared. Our method is fast and relatively accurate. The algorithm utilizes the behavioral information to extract branch probabilities, and uses these in conjunction with switching activity and circuit capacitance information, to estimate the power consumption of a given architecture.
The average dose-area product at intravenous urography in 205 adults. (1998)

The intravenous urography (IVU) is the most important and most frequently performed radiological examination in urology. This prospective study determined the dose-area product as a measurement of radiation dose in 205 adult patients undergoing IVU. Average dose-area product was 1017 cGy cm2. An average 3.7 radiographs were obtained per patient. Tomographic views were required in only 8.8% of cases. Radiation dose is dependent not only on the number and size of the obtained radiographs, but on the physical constitution of the patient. The dose-area products measured show a clear relationship to the body weight of the patient.
Exploring critical understanding of hoarding distress among elderly people in Nigeria: a review of Smail's Impress of Power model (2018)

One of the neglected areas of psychological research is hoarding distress among older population. This paper offers an exploratory and critical perspectives to understanding hoarding behaviour as a reflection of how psychological distresses manifest in older people. Owing to the Smail's Impress of Power model, psychological distresses are triggered by socioeconomic and political factors that operates beyond the individuals. In addition, the paper argued that older people play an essential role in a conservative cultural society like Nigeria. Therefore, building an old age-friendly society would include harmonious utilisation of sustainable development and good governance with specific targets on the critical policy re-organisation and the involvement of older people in developing desired modern communities.
Bacterial endotoxins and pathogenesis of Gram-negative infections: current status and future direction (1994)

100 years after the discovery of a bacterial 'endotoxin', 50 years after the introduction of antibiotics and 25 years after the routine use of intensive care units to support septic shock patients, Gram-negative infections continue to account for significant morbidity and mortality. In the coming decade, basic research on the structure/function of LPS, the cytokine cascade, and receptor-mediated intracellular signalling responses to LPS and cytokines will provide a greater understanding of the molecular, cellular and systemic responses to endotoxin and infection. New therapeutic agents now emerging from research, and better designed clinical trials to assess those agents will contribute to the next significant decline in sepsis- and shock-related morbidity and mortality. This article summarizes the findings of a workshop convened at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to examine current research on endotoxin and Gram-negative septic shock.
Abstract WP60: Later Imaging More Accurately Captures Infarct Growth in DEFUSE 3 (2019)

Background: DEFUSE 3 assessed thrombectomy in patients with evidence of salvageable tissue on brain imaging in the 6 to 16 hour treatment window. Despite substantially better functional outcomes as measured by the modified Rankin Scale at day 90, the study did not find a significant reduction in infarct growth between baseline and 24-hour follow up with endovascular therapy. The aim of this study was to determine if infarct growth captured with scans performed at later timepoints could demonstrate differences between treatment groups. Methods: We included DEFUSE 3 patients in whom infarct volume could be measured at baseline, at 24-hour follow up, and at one additional later time point using either CT or MRI. Early infarct growth (increase in lesion volume between baseline imaging and 24 hours) and late infarct growth (increase in lesion volume between 24 hours and a later time point) were calculated. Differences in infarct growth between the medical and endovascular groups were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results: For the 70 patients who met inclusion criteria, the average age was 69 ± 14 years, average NIHSS 17 ± 6, and the average time of late imaging was 5.3 ± 3.1 days. There were no significant differences in these variables between the medical (n=43) and endovascular (n=27) cohorts. Median early infarct growth was not different between the medical 32 mL (IQR: 24 - 79) and the endovascular groups 24 mL (IQR: 15 - 91; p = 0.359). Median late infarct growth was greater in the medical group 11 mL (IQR: 2 - 29) compared to the endovascular group 2 mL (IQR: -10 - 9; p = 0.003) (see figure). Discussion: Imaging performed at a mean of 5 days post-stroke demonstrates continued infarct growth in the medical arm and minimal additional growth in the endovascular arm. These data correspond to the clinical benefit of endovascular therapy observed in DEFUSE 3 and suggest that imaging beyond 24 hours is preferred for assessing final infarct volume in endovascular therapy trials.
Interleukin 1-β gene polymorphisms and risk of gastric cancer in Sweden (2008)

Our results do not lend support to the hypothesis that human genetic polymorphisms related to the production of IL-1 beta are associated with the risk of gastric cancer.
Editorial Comment (2008)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Sep 2008Editorial Comment W. Scott McDougal W. Scott McDougalW. Scott McDougal More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.05.149AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 180(3), p. 938 Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts© 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 180Issue 3September 2008Page: 938 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information W. Scott McDougal More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Crystals of isomeric tritolylamines: embrace motifs in crystals, and their thermochemical properties (2006)

Molecules NAr3 with planar stereochemistry at N and canted Ar rings can form the intermolecular sixfold aryl embrace (6AE). The presence of 3-methyl groups on the aryl groups enhances the stabilisation of the 6AE, by contributing to the EF motifs which comprise it. Analysis of the crystal packing of four tritolylamines, N,N,N-tris(4-methylphenyl)amine [444TTA], N-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)amine [344TTA], N,N-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N-(4-methylphenyl)amine [334TTA] and N,N,N-tris(3-methylphenyl)amine [333TTA], reveals the presence of (333TTA)2 dimers maintained by an excellent 6AE, an unprecedented almost linear chain of repeated 6AE in 334TTA (cryst), and poorly formed embrace motifs in 344TTA (cryst), and 444TTA (cryst). Calculated intermolecular potentials for the actual or possible 6AE embraces formed by 333TTA, 334TTA and 444TTA confirm the stabilisation of the 6AE by 3-methyl groups, and it is estimated that each such methyl group augments the stabilisation of the underlying 6AE embrace by ca 5 kJ mol−1. The dominant dimerisation that occurs in crystalline 333TTA is reflected in the phase change enthalpies for the four isomers. The enthalpy of sublimation of 333TTA (51 kJ mol−1) is ca 45 kJ mol−1 less than the enthalpies of sublimation of 334TTA (97 kJ mol−1), 344TTA (98 kJ mol−1) and 444TTA (93 kJ mol−1), which leads to the hypothesis that (333TTA)2 dimers occur in the gas phase at ambient pressure. Mass spectrometric attempts to detect (333TTA)2(g), as [(333TTA)2]+, were unsuccessful, possibly due to dissociation under high vacuum. The unknown crystal packing of tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl)amine is predicted to be dominated by linear chains of methyl-stabilised 6AE.
Bioreactor Maintained Living Skin Matrix (2008)

Numerous reconstructive procedures result in wounds that require skin grafting. Often, the amount of tissue available from donor sites is limited. In vivo tissue expanders have been used clinically to generate larger sections of skin, and other methods exist to cover large wounds, but all have significant limitations. We investigated whether these difficulties could be overcome by increasing the surface area of skin in vitro while maintaining tissue viability. Human foreskin was incrementally expanded in a computer-controlled bioreactor system over 6 days to increase its surface dimensions under culture conditions. Morphological, ultrastructural, and mechanical properties of the foreskin were evaluated before and after expansion using histology, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, and tensile testing. The surface area of the tissue was 110.7% +/- 12.2% greater, with maintenance of cell viability and proliferative potential. Histomorphological and ultrastructural analyses showed that dermal structural integrity was preserved. The pore diameter of the expanded skin was 64.49% +/- 32.8% greater. The mechanical properties were not adversely affected. These findings show that expansion of living skin matrices can be achieved using a computer-controlled bioreactor system. This technique provides an opportunity to generate large amounts of skin for reconstructive procedures.
Evaluation of 100 consecutive IOGEL 1003 foldable bag-style lenses implanted through a self-sealing tunnel incision (1994)

The IOGEL 1003 hydrogel lens, designed for better capsular bag fit, was implanted in 100 consecutive eyes. We evaluated the visual and morphological results obtained with a mean follow-up of six months. Visual acuity was within Food and Drug Administration standards; however, morphological results were less satisfactory. Decentration of 1 mm or more occurred in 24% of the cases. Higher diopter lenses required a minimum incision size of 4 mm and tended to tear when folded. Once in the eye, they regularly came in contact with the iris. A gap between the posterior optic surface and capsule occurred in 61 % of eyes. Within the short follow-up period, 9% of eyes required YAG discission because of Elschnig pearl formation. In conclusion, the newer IOGEL 1003 lens performed no better than earlier IOGEL lens models when placed in the bag, and the possible benefit of decreasing posterior lens subluxation after early YAG capsulotomy is offset by the disadvantages.
Multifrequency Magnetic Resonance Elastography for the Assessment of Renal Allograft Function (2016)

Multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography has good diagnostic accuracy in detecting renal allograft dysfunction. Renal stiffness is significantly lower in recipients with nonfunctioning transplant kidneys and correlates with clinical markers such as GFR and RI.
Validating an anatomical brain atlas for analyzing NIRS measurements of brain activation (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Caffini, A. Torricelli, R. Cubeddu, A. Custo, J. Dubb, and D. A. Boas, "Validating an anatomical brain atlas for analyzing NIRS measurements of brain activation," in Biomedical Optics and 3-D Imaging, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper JMA87. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Comparison between skin-mounted fiducials and bone-implanted fiducials for image-guided neurosurgery (2004)

Point-based registration for image-guided neurosurgery has become the industry standard. While the use of intrinsic points is appealing because of its retrospective nature, affixing extrinsic objects to the head prior to scanning has been demonstrated to provide much more accurate registrations. Points of reference between image space and physical space are called fiducials. The extrinsic objects which generate those points are fiducial markers. The markers can be broken down into two classifications: skin-mounted and bone-implanted. Each has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Skin-mounted fiducials require simply sticking them on the patient in locations suggested by the manufacturer, however, they can move with tractions placed on the skin, fall off and perhaps the most dangerous problem, they can be replaced by the patient. Bone implanted markers being rigidly affixed to the skull do not present such problems. However, a minor surgical intervention (analogous to dental work) must be performed to implant the markers prior to surgery. Therefore marker type and use has become a decision point for image-guided surgery. We have performed a series of experiments in an attempt to better quantify aspects of the two types of markers so that better informed decisions can be made. We have created a phantom composed of a full-size plastic skull [Wards Scientific Supply] with a 500 ml bag of saline placed in the brain cavity. The skull was then sealed. A skin mimicking material, DragonSkin<sup>TM</sup> [SmoothOn Company] was painted onto the surface and allowed to dry. Skin mounted fiducials [Medtronic-SNT] and bone-implanted markers [Z-Kat]were placed on the phantom. In addition, three additional bone-implanted markers were placed (two on the base of the skull and one in the eye socket for use as targets). The markers were imaged in CT and 4 MRI sequences (T1-weighted, T2 weighted, SPGR, and a functional series.) The markers were also located in physical space using an Optotrak 3020 [Northern Digital Inc]. Registrations between image space and physical space were performed and fiducial and target registration errors were determined. Finally the 5 bone-implanted makers which penetrated the skin were removed and a traction equivalent to 25% of the weight of the average human head was applied to the “skin” surface. Target and fiducial registrations were again performed.
人际互动中的&amp;ldquo;自我-他人&amp;rdquo;区分:多水平的探索 (2020)

摘要：
Studies on the durability of plastics filled with filler reinforcements. V. The surface reflectance of polypropylene molds filled with granular inorganic materials. (1988)

ポリブロピレンに炭酸カルシウム, タルクを充てんした成形品表面の光沢について検討し, 次のことを明らかにした. (1) フィラー充てんによるPP成形品表面光沢の低下は, フィラーの表面への突き出し, 気泡などによる凸凹の発生に起因する. (2) 表面層は, 比較的樹脂分が多い状態であり, 界面活性剤などの添加剤により表面の平滑性を良くして光沢を10～40%向上させることができる. (3) フィラーの充てん率, 粒子径の増加によって, 光沢は低下する, CaCO3充てん率20wt%で平均粒子径0.07μmのものの光沢は3.8μmのものに比べ約30%以上に向上する. (4) フィラー充てんPPの光沢はマトリックスPPの光沢に大きく依存する, 光沢とともに弾性率, 衝撃値にバランス良い特性のものは, ホモ, ランダム, ブロックコポリマーの各種ポリマーの特性を生かしたポリマーブレンドにより得ることができる.
Poly(ethylene oxide)‐based block copolymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries (2018)

Abstract Nanostructured block copolymer electrolytes (BCEs) based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are considered as promising candidates for solid‐state electrolytes in high energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Because of their self‐assembly properties, they confer on electrolytes both high mechanical strength and sufficient ionic conductivity, which linear PEO cannot provide. Two types of PEO‐based BCEs are commonly known. There are the traditional ones, also called dual‐ion conducting BCEs, which are a mixture of block copolymer chains and lithium salts. In these systems, the cations and anions participate in the conduction, inducing a concentration polarization in the electrolyte, thus leading to poor performances of LMBs. The second family of BCEs are single‐lithium‐ion conducting BCEs ( SIC ‐BCEs), which consist of anions being covalently grafted to the polymer backbone, therefore involving conduction by lithium ions only. SIC ‐BCEs have marked advantages over dual‐ion conducting BCEs due to a high lithium ion transference number, absence of anion concentration gradients as well as low rate of lithium dendrite growth. This review focuses on the recent developments in BCEs for applications in LMBs with particular emphasis on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of these materials. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry