gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the immune response at systemic and mucosal sites by DNA vaccine adjuvants in HIV and influenza models (2009)

Since the discovery of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) as the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) almost 30 years, nearly 25 million people have died from AIDS worldwide. HIV-1/AIDS is a pandemic and there currently is no vaccine or cure for the devastating disease. Regardless of the route of infection, the mucosa is the primary site of viral replication and amplification. Therefore, the generation of immune responses at mucosal sites by and HIV-1 vaccine is likely important. We aimed to modulate the immune response generated through systemic vaccination by incorporating plasmid DNA expressing cytokine or mucosal chemokine adjuvants. First, we examined the potential of IL-15 in combination with its high affinity receptor alpha chain (IL-15Ra) to augment immune responses when co-delivered with IL-15 through immunizations in mice. We found that IL-15Ra is a novel adjuvant in the absence of IL-15, increasing the potency of the CD8+ T cell responses, even in IL-15 knockout mice. However, little impact on mucosal immunity was observed. Therefore we chose three novel chemokines to examine for putative effects of mucosal immunity-CCL25 (Thymus Expressed Chemokine, TECK), CCL27 (Cutaneous T Cell Attracting Chemokine, CTACK), and CCL28 (Mucosa Associated Chemokine, MEC). Mice co-immunized with these mucosal chemokines and an HIV-1 gag antigenic plasmid, exhibited increased levels of both systemic and mucosal immune responses. In addition, these responses were physiologically relevant in that they protected from a lethal influenza challenge. To further test the efficacy in the standard model for HIV-1 vaccine studies, immunization were carried out in the rhesus macaque model. Immunizations with CCL27 and simian (SIV) constructs delivered with electroporation elicited potent, but similar cellular and humoral immune responses in the periphery. The effects of CCL27 as an adjuvant were observed at mucosal sites, as shown by increased cytokine expression in CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells from the lung as well as antigen specific IgA in the lung and fecal samples. We show for the first time that the incorporation of plasmid-encoded chemokines is capable of eliciting responses at mucosal sites in the rhesus macaque model.
Gamma rays from thermal neutron capture in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Kr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>86</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1977)

The most intense $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from capture of thermal neutrons in $^{86}\mathrm{Kr}$ are measured with pair and Compton-suppressed spectrometers. The $Q$ value for the reaction is found to be 5515.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.8 keV and the reaction cross section is estimated to be about 3 mb. Energy levels of the $^{87}\mathrm{Kr}$ nucleus observed in this study are compared with those seen in reaction studies and in the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of $^{87}\mathrm{Br}$.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{86}\mathrm{Kr}$ ${n}_{\mathrm{the}},\ensuremath{\gamma}$; measured ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$; Ge(Li) Compton suppression and pair spectrometers; deduced $Q$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}$; $^{87}\mathrm{Kr}$ deduced levels, $J$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$.
A Comparison of Hurricane Eye Determination using Standard and Ultra-High Resolution QuikSCAT Winds (2006)

Space-borne scatterometers are instruments designed to measure the radar backscatter of the earth's surface at a variety of azimuth angles from orbiting satel- lites. Empirical model functions relate these backscatter measurements to geophysical parameters such as wind speed and direction. For SeaWinds on QuikSCAT, stan- dard wind retrieval is performed on wind vector cells of 25 x 25 kilometers in size. Because of the inherent spatial over-sampling, image reconstruction techniques may be applied to enhance the resolution of the backscatter images. Using such methods, higher resolution winds are possi- ble. This paper compares the use of standard resolution QuikSCAT wind information with ultra-high resolution QuikSCAT data for the observation of hurricanes.
Ustekinumab is effective and safe for ulcerative colitis through 2 years of maintenance therapy (2020)

The efficacy of ustekinumab in patients with UC was sustained through 92 weeks. No new safety signals were observed (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02407236).
Loss and Recovery of Hydrophobicity of EPDM Insulators in Simulated Arid Desert Environment (2010)

Electrical insulators form a very important component of high voltage electric power networks. Along with the traditional insulators i.e. glass and porcelain, etc. presently the polymeric insulators are also used world widely. These polymeric insulators are very sensitive to various environmental parameters such temperature, environmental pollution, UV-radiations, etc. which seriously effect their electrical, chemical and hydrophobic properties. The UV radiation level in the central region of Saudi Arabia is high as compared to the IEC standard for the accelerated aging of the composite insulators. Commonly used suspension type of composite EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) insulator was subjected to accelerated stress aging as per modified IEC standard simulating the inland arid desert's atmospheric condition and also as per IEC-61109 standard. The hydrophobic characteristics were studied by measuring the contact angle along the insulator surface before and after the accelerated aging of the samples. It was found that EPDM insulator loses it hydrophobic properties more proportional to the intensity of UV radiations and its rate of recovery is very low as compared to Silicone Rubber insulator. The effect of water salinity and drop size on the contact angle characteristics was also investigated.
Non-singular arbitrary cloaks dressing three-dimensional anisotropic obstacles (2010)

We design three dimensional electromagnetic cloaks, starting from a small region of complex shape instead of a point. We derive the expression of a transformation matrix describing an objet with a surface of revolution and its associated non-singular cloak. We note that while none of the eigenvalues vanish inside the cloak, they suffer a discontinuity on its inner surface. Moreover, all three eigenvalues are independent upon the radius in the concealed object. The validity of our analytical results is confirmed by finite edge-elements computations showing scattering is much reduced when the object is dressed with the cloak. We note that neither the object nor the cloak are invisible on their own.
Iterative channel estimator and equalizer for OFDM modulation systems (2004)

In OFDM system, frequency offset will cause intercarrier interference (ICI). This will degrade severely the accuracy of channel equalization when one tap equalizer is used. In this paper, we discuss the effects of ICI on the OFDM signals, and develop an iterative equalization algorithm to cancel the ICI from the OFDM signals. In theory, the ICI can be cancelled completely by the iterative algorithm when a perfect estimated frequency offset is provided. In practice, if a fine frequency offset can be estimated, the iterative algorithm can then be employed to reduce the ICI effect remarkably. To reduce the complexity of the iterative equalizer, some simplified algorithms have been studied and proposed for practical implementation.
Effects of balanced and unbalanced colloid and crystalloid solutions on renal microvascular perfusion in endotoxemic rats (2010)

In this study we investigated the effects on renal micro-circulatory perfusion of resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.42) dissolved in a balanced Ringer's acetate salt solution (Plasma Volume Redibag®, HES-RA) or hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4) dissolved in saline (Voluven®, HES-NaCl) and compared this with resuscitation with saline solution (0.9% NaCl, NaCl) in an LPS-induced septic shock model in the rat.
Can Gene Therapy Overcome the Problem of Hypoxia in Radiotherapy? (2000)

Studies have shown that reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia) in solid tumours adversely affects the outcome of radiotherapy. Despite being an independent prognostic marker of poor treatment outcome, hypoxia represents a physiological difference that can be utilised for selective cancer treatment. Since severe hypoxia (pO2<0.3%; 2.5 mmHg) does not occur in normal tissue, it may be exploited for therapeutic gain. Accurate targeting of oxygen-deprived cells within a tumour mass may be achieved using hypoxia-targeted gene therapy. For gene therapy three separate issues need to be considered: 1) delivery of a gene to the tumour, 2) regulation of gene expression and 3) therapeutic efficacy. Each of these aspects is outlined here, with a view to gene therapy of the hypoxic tumour environment. It is proposed that by combining hypoxia-selective gene delivery with hypoxia-specific gene expression and oxygen-sensitive prodrug activation, radioresistant hypoxic tumour tissues may be effectively targeted.
Ka-band 32-GHz planar integrated switched-beam smart antenna (2005)

This paper presents an integrated planar switched-beam antenna based on rectangular waveguide antenna and Butler matrix network for beamforming, which is implemented by complementary-conducting-strip transmission line (CCS TL). The 32-GHz waveguide antenna with size of 71.5 mm by 4.1 mm, consisting of 20 slots in the broadside wall, is built on the Rogers RO4003 (/spl epsiv//sub r/ = 3.38) substrate. For a compact and reliable design of the Butler matrix beamformer, the branch-line coupler and the crossover of the Butler matrix are designed by CCS TLs with characteristic impedance of 60 and 85 /spl Omega/, respectively. The proposed 4-beam smart antenna shows the steered beams in orthogonal direction at 38/spl deg/, 76/spl deg/, 106/spl deg/, and 136/spl deg/, respectively, and demonstrates a great potential for planar integration of smart antenna for wireless communication application. Measured results agree well with theoretical predictions, validating the design concepts employed in the millimeter-wave smart antenna design.
Technology of Ferroelectric Thin-Film Formation with Large Coercive Field on Amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> by Ion-Bombardment-Assisted Sputtering and Oxygen Radical Treatment for Future Scaling Down of Ferroelectric Gate Field-Effect Transistor Memory Device (2007)

Sr2(Ta1-x,Nbx)2O7 (perovskite STN; x=0.3) is one of the most practical candidates for one-transistor-type ferroelectric memory devices, because it has a low dielectric constant. However, in the application to metal–ferroelectric–insulator–Si field-effect transistor (MFIS-FET) memory devices, the fabrication of STN on an amorphous insulator, such as SiO2, is difficult. In particular, in the case of STN, because its crystallization annealing temperature is 950 °C, the metal elements of STN and Si react with each other during crystallization annealing. As a result, perovskite STN cannot be fabricated. To overcome this problem, we have developed an ion-bombardment-assisted sputtering method. Furthermore, to obtain universal conditions for forming perovskite STN based on plasma physics, plasma parameters such as ion bombardment energy and ion flux, were measured. Perovskite STN was obtained when the ion bombardment energy was 38 eV and the normalized Kr ion flux was 78 [ions/atom]. An IrO2/STN (140 nm)/STN seed layer (10 nm)/Si device whose STN was fabricated under these plasma conditions, shows square hysteresis curves and a memory window of 1.7 V under an 8 V writing operation. This value corresponds to a coercive field of 55 kV/cm.
Optimal Gas Turbine Power Plant Operation Regarding Fuel and Maintenance Cost (2017)

This paper describes a method that optimizes the commercial benefit by modifying gas turbine control parameters like turbine inlet temperature and variable inlet guide vane position for any dispatched power plant load. The method is a trade-off between best efficiency in the component characteristic together with higher efficiency due to increased turbine inlet temperature and lifetime. With commercial data, both effects are transferred into costs and an optimization routine identifies controller settings for minimum power plant operation cost. Test cases demonstrate the advantage of the operational cost optimization. Costs are calculated based on historic plant data with the original and the optimized operation concept. Although savings per operating hour are small, the accumulated savings over years or major inspection intervals are significant. It could be demonstrated that in regions with high fuel prices the commercial benefit of the optimized gas turbine operating concept sums up to “several million dollars” of savings. Parametric and sensitivity studies show the effect of the main parameters. Dispatch power optimization is not subject of the presented model, but can be implemented on top of the proposed concept. All in all, this work demonstrates and quantifies the commercial benefits when todays and future digital industrial capabilities are applied to gas turbine operation concepts and strategies. The proposed digital approach has the advantage of minimum investment and is attractive for gas turbine operators to generate electricity at lower costs and fuel consumption, increasing revenues and minimizing environmental impact.
A High-Directivity Combined Self-Beam/Null-Steering Array for Secure Point-to-Point Communications (2007)

A high-directivity combined self-beam/null-steering array for secure point-to-point binary phase-shift keying communications is introduced. The system provides high directivity and reduced probability of interception using just two antenna elements. Using quadrature phase-shift keying modulators allows for compact single-layer fabrication. The 2.4-GHz prototype is tested at interrogation angles of 0deg, -10deg, and +20deg, and demonstrates high signal-to-interference ratio directivity, completely disabling interception plusmn20deg from the direction of the interrogator. The system should find various applications where secure communications are required
The Effect of Compliant Inflow Cannulae on the Hemocompatibility of Rotary Blood Pump Circuits in an In Vitro Model (2017)

Rotary blood pumps (RBPs) are used for mechanical circulatory support in heart failure patients but exhibit a reduced response to preload changes, which can lead to ventricular suction events. A passive control system, in the form of a compliant inflow cannula (IC), has been developed to mitigate suction, although this device may cause significant hemolysis. This study compared the incidence of mechanically induced hemolysis of two compliant IC designs (strutted and nonstrutted) with a rigid IC (control) in a blood circulation loop over 90 min. The nonstrutted compliant IC introduced high frequency and high amplitude oscillations in RBP inlet pressure and RBP IC resistance. These oscillations were correlated with a significant increase in plasma-free hemoglobin (pfHb) and hemolysis: pfHb increased to 2.005 ± 0.665 g/L, while normalized index of hemolysis (NIH) and modified index of hemolysis (MIH) increased to 0.04945 ± 0.01276 g/100 L and 4.0505 ± 0.6589 after 90 min (P < 0.05). In contrast, the strutted compliant IC performed similar to the clinically utilized rigid IC and did not increase pfHb (0.300 ± 0.090 and 0.320 ± 0.171 g/L, respectively) and rate of hemolysis (NIH 0.00435 ± 0.00155 and 0.00543 ± 0.00371 g/100 L; MIH 0.3896 ± 0.1749 and 0.4261 ± 0.2792, respectively) within the RBP circuit. These data indicated that strutted, compliant ICs meet the hemocompatibility of clinically used rigid ICs while also offering a potential solution to prevent ventricular suction events.
Clinical relevance of heterozygosis for aceruloplasminemia (2019)

Aceruloplasminemia is a rare form of brain iron overload of autosomal recessive inheritance that results from mutations in the CP gene, encoding the iron oxidase ceruloplasmin. Homozygous aceruloplasminemia causes progressive neurodegenerative disease, anemia, and diabetes, and is usually diagnosed late in life upon investigation of anemia, high ferritin, or movement disorders, but its heterozygous state is less characterized and believed to be silent. Here we report two heterozygotes for new mutations causing aceruloplasminemia from whom peripheral blood samples were collected for complete blood counts, iron studies, and genotyping by automated sequencing. We then performed a systematic review of preview reports of heterozygotes with data on genotype and clinical findings. Heterozygosity for aceruloplasminemia invariably causes reduced ceruloplasmin levels, and similarly to previews reports in the literature, our cases did not present with anemia. Mild hyperferritinemia was found only in two reports. Nevertheless, 5 out of 11 variants have been associated with significant neurological symptoms despite the presence of one wild-type alelle. This review contributes to better genetic counseling of heterozygotes for CP gene variants and supports that measuring ceruloplasmin levels may be useful when investigating patients with movement disorders or rare cases of unexplained high ferritin.
MO‐SAMS‐AUD‐01: Daily Localization — I: Kilovolt Imaging (2007)

As high‐precision 3‐D conformal radiation therapy and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy have become standard practice, radiographic imaging using kilovoltage (kV) x‐ray sources has been rapidly implemented for in‐room target localization and patient positioning to ensure conformal dose delivery. Various types of imaging devices are commercially available for clinical applications and their typical imaging functionalities include 2‐D radiographic and fluoroscopic imaging as well as 3‐D cone beam CT. There are substantial demands for fundamental understanding of what kind of systems can be used for clinical practice, when and what imaging systems should be used, how they can be properly used for daily target localization for different anatomical sites, and what kind of quality assurance programs are needed. In this session, we will briefly introduce the latest commercially available imaging systems using kV imaging for in‐room target localization and their imaging principles. Clinical applications and imaging protocols using these systems for accurate target localization and patient positioning will then be discussed. Finally, systematic quality assurance procedures will be presented. Objectives: 1. Understand the latest commercially available technologies for in‐room kV radiography, fluoroscopy, and cone‐beam CT and their basic imaging principles. 2. Understand the basic clinical imaging applications for daily localization. 3. Understand the basic system limitations and QA components of a comprehensive QA program.
Semantics of dynamic variables in Algol-like languages (1998)

A denotational semantic model of an Algol-like programming language with local variables, providing fully functional dynamic variable manipulation is presented. Along with the other usual language features, the standard operations with pointers, that is reattachement and dereferencing, and dynamic variables, that is creation and assignment, are explicated using a possible worlds, functor category, location oriented model. It is shown that the model used to explicate local variables in Algol-like languages can be extended to dynamic variables and pointers. Such a model allows for an analytic comparison of the properties of local and dynamic variables and, at the same time, validates several equivalences that, by common computational and operational intuition, are expected to hold. Two fundamental types of equivalences for linked data structures created using pointers are defined, observational equivalence and ae-isomorphism, and it is contended that they are both the extensional respect...
Hanbury Brown and Twiss correlations of Anderson localized waves (2011)

When light waves propagate through disordered photonic lattices, they can eventually become localized due to multiple scattering effects. Here we show experimentally that while the evolution and localization of the photon density distribution is similar in the two cases of diagonal and off-diagonal disorder, the density-density correlation carries a distinct signature of the type of disorder. We show that these differences reflect a symmetry in the spectrum and eigenmodes that exists in off-diagonally disordered lattices but is absent in lattices with diagonal disorder.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Vertebrate cells genetically deficient for Cdc14A or Cdc14B retain DNA damage checkpoint proficiency but are impaired in DNA repair. (2010)

A recent study suggested that human Cdc14B phosphatase has a central function in the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. In this study, we show that chicken DT40, human HCT116, and human telomerase reverse transcription-immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cells deleted for the Cdc14A or Cdc14B gene are DNA damage checkpoint proficient and arrest efficiently in G2 in response to irradiation. Cdc14A knockout (KO) or Cdc14B-KO cells also maintain normal levels of Chk1 and Chk2 activation after irradiation. Surprisingly, however, irradiation-induced gamma-H2A.X foci and DNA double-strand breaks persist longer in Cdc14A-KO or Cdc14B-KO cells than controls, suggesting that Cdc14 phosphatases are required for efficient DNA repair. PMID: 20479464 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM094972 Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom Grant ID: 073915
Effects of spinal cord stimulation on heart rate variability in patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (2019)

When SCS is switched off, patients with FBSS present relatively stronger sympathetic tone and weaker parasympathetic activity. Activation of the SCS, possibly via stimulation of the DNIS, restores this disbalance of autonomic activity.
Automatic colon polyp flagging via geometric and texture features (2010)

Computer Tomographic Colonography, combined with computer-aided detection (CAD), is a promising emerging technique for colonic polyp analysis. We present a CAD scheme for polyp flagging based on new texture and geometric features that consider both the information in the candidate polyp location and its immediate surrounding area, testing multiple sizes. The proposed algorithm is tested with ground truth data, including flat and small polyps, with very promising results.
Novel Photosensitizer β-Mannose-Conjugated Chlorin e6 as a Potent Anticancer Agent for Human Glioblastoma U251 Cells (2020)

A photosensitizer is a molecular drug for photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer. Many studies have developed photosensitizers, but improvements in their cost, efficacy, and side effects are needed for better PDT of patients. In the present study, we developed a novel photosensitizer β-mannose-conjugated chlorin e6 (β-M-Ce6) and investigated its PDT effects in human glioblastoma U251 cells. U251 cells were incubated with β-M-Ce6, followed by laser irradiation. Cell viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The PDT effects of β-M-Ce6 were compared with those of talaporfin sodium (TS) and our previously reported photosensitizer β-glucose-conjugated chlorin e6 (β-G-Ce6). Cellular uptake of each photosensitizer and subcellular distribution were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. β-M-Ce6 showed 1000× more potent PDT effects than those of TS, and these were similar to those of β-G-Ce6. β-M-Ce6 accumulation in U251 cells was much faster than TS accumulation and distributed to several organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and lysosomes. This rapid cellular uptake was inhibited by low temperature, which suggested that β-M-Ce6 uptake uses biological machinery. β-M-Ce6 showed potent PDT anti-cancer effects compared with clinically approved TS, which is a possible candidate as a next generation photosensitizer in cancer therapy.