gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adversarial Attacks against Deep Learning Based Power Control in Wireless Communications (2021)

We consider adversarial machine learning based attacks on power allocation where the base station (BS) allocates its transmit power to multiple orthogonal subcarriers by using a deep neural network (DNN) to serve multiple user equipments (UEs). The DNN that corresponds to a regression model is trained with channel gains as the input and returns transmit powers as the output. While the BS allocates the transmit powers to the UEs to maximize rates for all UEs, there is an adversary that aims to minimize these rates. The adversary may be an external transmitter that aims to manipulate the inputs to the DNN by interfering with the pilot signals that are transmitted to measure the channel gain. Alternatively, the adversary may be a rogue UE that transmits fabricated channel estimates to the BS. In both cases, the adversary carefully crafts adversarial perturbations to manipulate the inputs to the DNN of the BS subject to an upper bound on the strengths of these perturbations. We consider the attacks targeted on a single UE or all UEs. We compare these attacks with a benchmark, where the adversary scales down the input to the DNN. We show that the adversarial attacks are much more effective than the benchmark attack in terms of reducing the rate of communications. We also show that adversarial attacks are robust to the uncertainty at the adversary including the erroneous knowledge of channel gains and the potential errors in exercising the attacks exactly as specified.
How do titanium and Ti6Al4V corrode in fluoridated medium as found in the oral cavity? An in vitro study (2014)

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the corrosion of commercially pure (CP) titanium and Ti6Al4V in vitro at different F(-) concentrations regularly found in the oral cavity by using different electrochemical tests and surface analysis techniques. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization tests were associated to advanced characterization techniques such as SEM, EDS, AFM, ICP-MS and XPS. OCP tests revealed a higher reactivity of both CP titanium and Ti6Al4V at 12,300 ppm F(-) concentration than that recorded at 227 ppm F(-). Also, a significant decrease of the corrosion resistance of both materials was noticed by EIS in fluoride solutions. Material loss caused by corrosion was noticed on titanium surfaces by SEM and AFM in the presence of high F(-) concentration. CP titanium degraded by pitting corrosion while Ti6Al4V suffered from general corrosion showing micro-cracks on surface. Furthermore, a high release of metallic ions from the test samples after immersion at high F(-) concentrations was detected by ICP-MS, that can be potentially toxic to oral tissues.
Medical Billing and Coding For Dummies (2012)

Your complete guide to a career in medical billing and coding, updated with the latest changes in the ICD-10 and PPS This fully updated second edition of Medical Billing & Coding For Dummies provides readers with a complete overview of what to expect and how to succeed in a career in medical billing and coding. With healthcare providers moving more rapidly to electronic record systems, data accuracy and efficient data processing is more important than ever. Medical Billing & Coding For Dummies gives you everything you need to know to get started in medical billing and coding. This updated resource includes details on the most current industry changes in ICD-10 (10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) and PPS (Prospective Payment Systems), expanded coverage on the differences between EHRs and MHRs, the latest certification requirements and standard industry practices, and updated tips and advice for dealing with government agencies and insurance companies. * Prepare for a successful career in medical billing and coding * Get the latest updates on changes in the ICD-10 and PPS * Understand how the industry is changing and learn how to stay ahead of the curve * Learn about flexible employment options in this rapidly growing industry Medical Billing & Coding For Dummies, 2nd Edition provides aspiring professionals with detailed information and advice on what to expect in a billing and coding career, ways to find a training program, certification options, and ways to stay competitive in the field.
DNA Flow Cytometry in the Prediction of Survival and Response to Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer: A review (1990)

Flow cytometric determination of DNA ploidy, the DNA index, and the percentage of cells in the S-phase fraction of the cell cycle have recently emerged as prognostic factors in several human cancers. In most human carcinomas DNA aneuploidy appears to be associated with unfavorable prognosis as compared with diploid or near diploid carcinomas, but this remains to be confirmed in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. There is some evidence that DNA aneuploid carcinomas are more easily destroyed by irradiation than diploid carcinomas. The possibility of rapidly evaluating cell kinetic parameters from flow cytometric analyses with novel techniques, such as the detection of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine with a monoclonal antibody, may eventually find clinical use in the planning of radiotherapy.
具有不同颜色、粗糙度和闪耀度的金属光泽颜料样本的总体视觉差异评价 (2010)

Effect coatings have the unique property of large change of appearance under different viewing conditions. This results in quality control problems of related products. In this letter, samples of metallic panels with effect coatings are visually assessed and measured. Based on experimental results, we propose formulae to predict precisely the total differences of effective samples in terms of variations in color, coarseness, and glint. Under diffused illumination, the total difference formula includes color difference and coarseness difference. Under directional illumination, the total difference formula includes color difference and glint difference.
Intermediary-based transcoding framework (2001)

With the rapid increase in the amount of content on the World Wide Web, it is now becoming clear that information cannot always be stored in a form that anticipates all of its possible uses. One solution to this problem is to create transcoding intermediaries that convert data, on demand, from one form into another. Up to now, these transcoders have usually been stand-alone components, converting one particular data format to another particular data format. A more flexible approach is to create modular transcoding units that can be composed as needed. In this paper, we describe the benefits of an intermediary-based transcoding approach and present a formal framework for document transcoding that is meant to simplify the problem of composing transcoding operations.
Contribution of<i>I</i><sub>h</sub>and GABA<sub>B</sub>to Synaptically Induced Afterhyperpolarizations in CA1: A Brake on the NMDA Response (2004)

CA1 pyramidal cells receive two major excitatory inputs: the perforant path (PP) terminates in the most distal dendrites, whereas the Schaffer collaterals (SC) terminate more proximally. We have examined the mechanism of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that follows single subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in these inputs. The AHPs were not reduced by a GABAA antagonist or by agents that block Ca2+ entry. Application of the Ih blocker, ZD7288, partially blocked the AHP in the PP; the substantial remaining component was blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen, a GABAB antagonist. In contrast, the AHP in the SC depends nearly completely on Ih, with almost no GABAB component. Thus postsynaptic GABAB receptors appear to be preferentially involved at distal synapses, consistent with the spatial distribution of GABAB receptors and g protein-coupled inward rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. GABAB does, however, play a role at proximal synapses through presynaptic suppression of glutamate release, a mechanism that is much weaker at distal synapses. Experiments were conducted to explore the functional role of the AHP in the PP, which has a higher N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)/AMPA ratio than the SC. Blockade of the AHP converted a response that had a small NMDA component to one that had a large component. These results indicate that the Ih and postsynaptic GABAB conductances act as a brake on distally generated NMDA responses.
TNAP and P2X7R: New Plasma Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (2023)

Over the last few years, intense research efforts have been made to anticipate or improve the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by detecting blood biomarkers. However, the most promising blood biomarkers identified to date have some limitations, most of them related to the techniques required for their detection. Hence, new blood biomarkers should be identified to improve the diagnosis of AD, better discriminate between AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and identify cognitively unimpaired (CU) older individuals at risk for progression to AD. Our previous studies demonstrated that both the purinergic receptor P2X7 and the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase ectoenzyme (TNAP) are upregulated in the brains of AD patients. Since both proteins are also present in plasma, we investigated whether plasma P2X7R and TNAP are altered in MCI and AD patients and, if so, their potential role as AD biomarkers. We found that AD but not MCI patients present increased plasma P2X7R levels. Nevertheless, TNAP plasma activity was increased in MCI patients and decreased in the AD group. ROC curve analysis indicated that measuring both parameters has a reasonable discriminating capability to diagnose MCI and AD conditions. In addition to confirming that individuals progressing to MCI have increased TNAP activity in plasma, longitudinal studies also revealed that CU individuals have lower plasma TNAP activity than stable controls. Thus, we propose that P2X7 and TNAP could serve as new plasma biomarkers for MCI and AD.
Numerical simulation of transient and steady-state behavior of heterostructure organic LEDs (2002)

We present self-consistent numerical simulations of multilayer organic light-emitting diodes in both steady-state and pulsed operation that allow for a deeper understanding of charge accumulation, electric field and recombination zone confinement effects due to internal interfaces. Comparison to experimental transient data is given for bilayer LEDs based on Alq/sub 3/. The electric field predominantly drops across the Alq/sub 3/ layer with the electroluminescence delay time determined by electrons passing through this layer. The recombination zone width is limited by the exciton diffusion length, and the current balance highly sensitive to the cathode injection barrier.
Optimal Control of Domestic Storage via MPC: the Impact of the Prediction of User Habits, including Power Market and Battery Degradation (2020)

Domestic energy storage systems are making their way into the homes of e-vehicle users. They support dependable and cheap recharge during off-peak hours, relieving the power demand through implicit peak shaving. The minimization of charging costs at home relies heavily on the optimal management of the storage system, both in the design and in the control stages. In this work, the design of a battery energy storage system is optimized by means of quadratic programming. The resulting system is continuously governed by a model-predictive control, that accounts for power market and battery degradation online. The performance in terms of long-term system costs is assessed using simulation. An average daily energy consumption is compared to a profile tailored on the user.
Proof-of-Concept of the Shape Memory Alloy ReseTtable Dual Chamber Lift Device for Pedestrian Protection With Tailorable Performance (2013)

As automobile use expands in population-dense cities across the world, there is a growing need for new approaches to mitigate the consequences to pedestrians of pedestrian/automotive collisions. This is especially challenging for passive approaches since there is an increasing internal space demand that reduces the crush zone between the relatively compliant hood and rigid underhood components. One unique approach is an active hood lift which raises the hood upon detection of a collision with a pedestrian to increase the crush zone. This approach is technically challenging due to the fast and accurate timing which is sensitive to extrinsic factors (including pedestrian height and weight and the need for reusable/automatically resettable functionality. This paper presents a novel hood lift concept: the shape memory alloy ReseTtable (SMArt) dual chamber lift device which is reusable, automatically resettable, and has tunable performance both off-line, and on-line to adjust to extrinsic factors. This device is situated under the rear corners of the hood and stores energy in the form of compressed air in opposing sides of a dual chamber pneumatic cylinder and a high-speed shape memory alloy exhaust valve (SEV) vents the upper chamber within milliseconds to allow the lower chamber to deploy the hood. A general multistage sequential design process is outlined that enables lift timing performance to be tailored by parametric design off-line and by varying operating parameters on-line. A proof-of-concept prototype was built and experimentally characterized for a midsize sedan case study confirming the timing, load capability and stroke of the device on the benchtop and the complete operational cycle in a full-scale automobile hood bay. The impact of additional mass on the lift timing was measured and two on-line adjustable operating parameters (pressure and valve timing) were investigated for their ability to compensate for the mass and other extrinsic effects. While this was a limited study of this new active technological approach to pedestrian safety, it does indicate promise to meet the strict demands of an active lift and a tailorable, resettable/reusable device.
DIFFERENTIAL PLURIPOTENT REGULATION DEPENDENT UPON DEFINED FACTORS IN HUMAN INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (2013)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) exist as a heterogeneous population within a dynamic niche, which governs their ability to self-renew and differentiate. Evidence modeled after mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) reveals the existence of a developmentally primitive, or homogeneous, state through chemically defined culture methods that is modulated by NANOG, a core pluripotent regulator. However, the differentiation potential and transcription factor control of the homogeneous state in human pluripotent stem cells remains elusive. Previous work suggests that bFGF/ACTIVIN extrinsic regulation provides the heterogeneous nature of hiPSCs with ability to differentiate into several multilineage lineage progenitors. Here, we illustrate that altering the extrinsic environment of hiPSCs with LIF and inhibitors of GSK3b and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways (LIF/2i), rewires the intrinsic pluripotent regulation of OCT4 and NANOG, which ultimately prevents the <em>in vitro</em> hematopoietic differentiation potential. Upon conversion of hiPSCs to a primitive state of pluripotency with LIF/2i, this study reveals that prolonged culture of hiPSCs with LIF/2i erases the hematopoietic differentiation potential through retained expression of the POU domain pluripotent transcription factor, OCT4. Interestingly, shRNA mediated knockdown of <em>OCT4</em> recovers the restricted differentiation potential in LIF/2i cultured hiPSCs, while knockdown of <em>NANOG</em>, does not. This study identifies a distorted differentiation potential of hPSCs cultured in mouse ESC conditions, despite comparable gene expression profiles and signaling pathway dependence. In efforts to simplify culture methods of human pluripotent stem cells, we identify that alteration of the extrinsic environment highlights explicit differences between human and mouse intrinsic pluripotent regulation, which ultimately controls differentiation efficiency.
Topological Interference Management with just Retransmission: What are the "Best" Topologies? (2015)

We study the problem of interference management in fast fading wireless networks, in which the transmitters are only aware of network topology. We consider a class of retransmission-based schemes, where transmitters in the network are only allowed to resend their symbols in order to assist with the neutralization of interference at the receivers. We introduce a necessary and sufficient condition on the network topology, under which half symmetric degrees-of-freedom (DoF) is achievable through the considered retransmission-based schemes. This corresponds to the "best" topologies since half symmetric DoF is the highest possible value for the symmetric DoF in the presence of interference. We show that when the condition is satisfied, there always exists a set of carefully chosen transmitters in the network, such that by retransmission of their symbols at an appropriate time slot, we can neutralize all the interfering signals at the receivers. Quite surprisingly, we also show that for any given network topology, if we cannot achieve half symmetric DoF by retransmission-based schemes, then there does not exist any linear scheme that can do so. We also consider a practical network scenario that models cell edge users in a heterogeneous network, and show that the characterized condition on the network topology occurs frequently. Furthermore, we numerically evaluate the achievable rates of the DoF-optimal retransmission-based scheme in such network scenario, and show that its throughput gain is not restricted to the asymptotic DoF analysis.
Core excitons and the dielectric response of polystyrene and poly(2-vinylpyridine) from 1 to 400 eV (1978)

The complete spectra of valence and core electronic excitations of atactic polystyrene, PS, and poly(2-vinylpyridine), PVP, from 1 to 400 eV were measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Energy losses of 80 keV electrons transmitted through 1000 Å thick films were measured with a resolution of 0.1 eV. The spectrum of PS contains several previously unreported broad peaks between 9 and 20 eV which coincide with structure observed in gas phase benzene spectra and which have been attributed to Rydberg states, but which are described here as valence molecular orbital excitations. The dielectric response function of PS and PVP from 1 to 100 eV is computed from energy loss data. The calculated reflectivity and refractive index are in excellent agreement with recent optical measurements. The spectrum of carbon core electron excitations above 285 eV consists of a series of sharp peaks due to transitions to empty molecular states (core excitons) followed by transitions to a free-electron-like continuum of states. The core exciton spectrum is quantitatively described in a model based on a molecular orbital ground state calculation (CNDO/S). The results show that such spectra provide a measurement of the distribution of empty molecular orbitals. In addition, shifted exciton peaks are observed which correspond to inequivalent core electron binding energies due to differences in net atomic charge.
The Crystal Lattice System (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Observed Lattice Property Data Silicon Silicon Dioxide Silicon Nitride Gallium Arsenide Crystal Structure Symmetries of Crystals Elastic Properties: The Stressed Uniform Lattice Statics The Vibrating Uniform Lattice Normal Modes Phonons, Specific Heat, Thermal Expansion Modifications to the Uniform Bulk Lattice
Synthesis of Epibatidine Analogues by Pyrrole Diels–Alder Reactions: Rapid Access to Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and 3,8‐Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Scaffolds for Library Synthesis (2016)

Analogues of the nicotinic acetylcholine antagonist epibatidine, suitable for diversification, were synthesized by application of a pyrrole Diels–Alder strategy, allowing rapid generation of azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane bicyclic cores. Further molecular complexity could be accessed by using intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions, or ring expansion by ozonolysis–reductive amination chemistry. Scaffolds were designed such that they could be orthogonally deprotected, yielding three points of diversity for library synthesis, exemplified by 24 compounds synthesized from four cores.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Stable Photocatalytic Systems for Reductive Dechlorination of p‐Chlorobiphenyl by Sodium Borohydride. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficient and Stable Blue Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Fluorene‐Substituted Aromatic Hydrocarbons (2009)

Properly shielded: The fluorene groups used as capping agents for new diphenylanthracene (DPA), pyrene, and anthracene derivatives impart steric hindrance which prevents interchromophore interactions, giving these molecules high photoluminescence quantum yields. Fluorene-based DPA (1) is characterized by a highly efficient and stable blue electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Growth factor regulation of proliferation and survival of multipotential stromal cells (2010)

Multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) have been touted to provide an alternative to conservative procedures of therapy, be it heart transplants, bone reconstruction, kidney grafts, or skin, neuronal and cartilage repair. A wide gap exists, however, between the number of MSCs that can be obtained from the donor site and the number of MSCs needed for implantation to regenerate tissue. Standard methods of MSC expansion being followed in laboratories are not fully suitable due to time and age-related constraints for autologous therapies, and transplant issues leave questions for allogenic therapies. Beyond these issues of sufficient numbers, there also exists a problem of MSC survival at the graft. Experiments in small animals have shown that MSCs do not persist well in the graft environment. Either there is no incorporation into the host tissue, or, if there is incorporation, most of the cells are lost within a month. The use of growth and other trophic factors may be helpful in counteracting these twin issues of MSC expansion and death. Growth factors are known to influence cell proliferation, motility, survival and morphogenesis. In the case of MSCs, it would be beneficial that the growth factor does not induce differentiation at an early stage since the number of early-differentiating progenitors would be very low. The present review looks at the effect of and downstream signaling of various growth factors on proliferation and survival in MSCs. © 2010 BioMed Central Ltd.
Coupling light from a high-Q microsphere resonator using a UV-induced surface grating (2003)

Summary form only given. High-Q microspheres with whispering-gallery modes have very narrow resonances that can be used for fiber-optic filters, ultra-compact narrow-linewidth lasers and optical/microwave oscillators. In this report we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, far-field coupling of light from a microsphere resonator via a refractive-index grating written onto the sphere's surface. The grating is written by shining a pattern of UV light onto the surface doped with germanium to increase its photosensitivity.