gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
088 Comparison of cardiovascular magnetic resonance stress perfusion with single photon emission CT (SPECT) in patients with left main stem disease: a CE-MARC substudy (2012)

Introduction Approximately 5% of patients with stable angina have disease of the left main stem (LMS). Three-year survival in patients with &gt;50% LMS stenosis may be as low as 50%. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) fails to detect ischaemia in up to 15% of LMS stenoses, and identification of the “classical” pattern of both left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (LCx) coronary territory ischaemia is lower still. To date, the utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) perfusion in LMS disease is poorly established. The CE-MARC study was a prospective study of 752 patients with suspected coronary artery disease, enrolled to undergo CMR, SPECT and x-ray coronary angiography; we assessed the diagnostic performance of SPECT and CMR to detect LMS disease. Methods All patients with LMS disease ≥50% on quantitative angiography were identified from the CE-MARC study. All patients had undergone adenosine stress perfusion by CMR and SPECT and also invasive x-ray angiography.1 We compared detection rates for visual perfusion analysis from both the CMR and SPECT perfusion studies in patients with ≥50% and ≥70% LMS stenosis on angiography. Results Of 23 patients in the CE-MARC cohort with LMS stenosis ≥50%, one patient could not be analysed. CMR identified evidence of inducible perfusion defects in 18/22 (82%) of the LMS group; SPECT identified 13/22 (59%). For CMR and SPECT respectively, inducible perfusion defects were found in both LAD and LCx territories for 6/18 (33%) and 2/13 (15%). Only one patient had normal perfusion analyses (false negative) for both CMR and SPECT. Of 11 patients with ≥70% LMS stenosis, 10 (91%) had inducible perfusion defects with CMR vs 5 (45%) with SPECT. Six (55%) vs 2 (18%) had a LAD and LCx disease pattern. Perfusion abnormalities were detected with similar frequency in ≥50% and ≥70% groups by both CMR (p=0.64) and SPECT (p=0.49). Abstract 088 figures 1 and 2 summarise the detection rate of CMR and SPECT in LMS disease in the ≥50% and ≥70% LMS groups respectively. Conclusions CMR stress perfusion imaging identifies ischaemia in a higher proportion of patients with significant LMS disease than SPECT, and identifies a “classical” LMS pattern with higher frequency. Perfusion abnormalities are detected with similar frequency in patients with ≥50% and ≥70% LMS stenosis. Abstract 088 Figure 1 Detection rate of CMR and SPECT in patients with ≥50% LMS stenosis. Abstract 088 Figure 2 Detection rate of CMR and SPECT in patients with ≥70% LMS stenosis.
Monte Carlo charge transport and photoemission from negative electron affinity GaAs photocathodes (2013)

High quantum yield, low transverse energy spread, and prompt response time make GaAs activated to negative electron affinity an ideal candidate for a photocathode in high brightness photoinjectors. Even after decades of investigation, the exact mechanism of electron emission from GaAs is not well understood. Here, photoemission from such photocathodes is modeled using detailed Monte Carlo electron transport simulations. Simulations show a quantitative agreement with the experimental results for quantum efficiency, energy distributions of emitted electrons, and response time without the assumption of any ad hoc parameters. This agreement between simulation and experiment sheds light on the mechanism of electron emission and provides an opportunity to design novel semiconductor photocathodes with optimized performance.
Aerobic exercise attenuates inducible TNF production in humans (2007)

Aerobic exercise reduces coronary heart disease risk, but the mechanisms of this protection are not fully understood. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease mediated by monocyte-derived macrophages, which accumulate in arterial plaques and become activated to release factors, including cytokines, that cause damage. Here we studied the effects of aerobic training on monocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in whole blood ex vivo. Healthy young sedentary adults (n = 61, age 20-45 yr) were randomized to a moderate- (M) or a high- (H) intensity 12-wk training program. Whole blood was extracted before and after training, and then it was stimulated by addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS); inducible TNF was measured in the plasma. Data were analyzed according to intention to treat principles using a random-effect model to determine the impact of training group on maximal aerobic capacity and LPS-stimulated TNF after correcting for covariates. Analyses revealed improvement in aerobic capacity in both the H (9%) and the M (7%) groups. However, aerobic training led to significant (P < 0.001) decreases in TNF release only in the H group. These data suggest that in healthy young adults, a 12-wk high-intensity aerobic training program downregulates blood monocyte production of stimulated cytokine release.
Magnetic resonance imaging of oxygen microbubbles (2019)

Oxygen loaded microbubbles are being investigated as a means of reducing tumour hypoxia in order to improve response to cancer therapy. To optimise this approach, it is desirable to be able to measure changes in tissue oxygenation in real-time during treatment. In this study, the feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for this purpose was investigated. Longitudinal relaxation time (T1) measurements were made in simple hydrogel phantoms containing two different concentrations of oxygen microbubbles. T1 was found to be unaffected by the presence of oxygen microbubbles at either concentration. Upon application of ultrasound to destroy the microbubbles, however, a statistically significant reduction in T1 was seen for the higher microbubble concentration. Further work is needed to assess the influence of physiological conditions upon the measurements, but these preliminary results suggest that MRI could provide a method for quantifying the changes in tissue oxygenation produced by microbubbles during therapy.
A nonlinear distortion length of the statistics of high-amplitude propagating noise (2022)

The nonlinear evolution of high-amplitude broadband noise is important to the psychoacoustic perception of high-speed jet noise. One method to characterize the nonlinear evolution of such noise is to consider a characteristic nonlinear distortion length for the signal. A common length scale for this analysis is the shock formation distance of an initially sinusoidal signal. However, application of the shock formation distance for an initially sinusoidal signal to broadband noise, even with the amplitude and source frequency replaced with characteristic values, may lead to inaccurate interpretations. Here we derive an alternative length scale from the evolution of the skewness of the pressure time-derivative of Gaussian noise that may be more appropriate when analyzing the nonlinear evolution of broadband noise signals. This length scale is then used to demonstrate how numerically propagated noise signals are fundamentally different than numerically propagated initially sinusoidal signals.
Chemo‐ and Regioselectivity Enhancement in Solid‐Supported Reactions (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Transition Metal-Mediated Solid-Supported Reactions Non-transition Metal-Mediated Solid-Supported Reactions Traceless Cleavage Conclusions References
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Preparation of β<sup>2</sup>‐Amino Acid Derivatives for β‐Peptide Synthesis (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Practical Considerations for 3D Magnetotelluric Surveys around Basalt (2013)

Since the quality of sub-basalt seismic imaging is poor, other geophysical techniques must be used. While seismic data can image sills, dikes are mostly invisible. Horizontal currents however are sensitive to vertical resistors such as dikes. This can lead to strong mode splitting in the Magnetotelluric (MT) response because only the currents perpendicular to the dikes are sensitive to the dike resistivity while the currents parallel to the dikes sense the intruded sediments. Feasibility modelling done before collecting the data does not typically account for this type of structural anisotropy. In the following we present a synthetic study of a basalt model containing dikes, which produces splitting of the primary MT modes. We perform 3D isotropic and anisotropic inversions of the synthetic data and show that neglecting structural anisotropy can lead to an incorrect interpretation. Furthermore, we discuss a new data regularization scheme based on spatial interpolation of the frequency response on a finer grid. We show that this scheme drastically increases convergence while reducing artifacts related to sparse station spacing.
Indications that "codon boundaries" are physico-chemically defined and that protein-folding information is contained in the redundant exon bases (2006)

Exons are distinguished from introns, and codon boundaries are physico-chemically defined, by periodically distributed FFE differences between codon positions. There is a selection for local RNA secondary structures in coding regions and this nucleic acid structure resembles the folding profiles of the coded proteins. The preferentially (specifically) interacting amino acids are coded by partially complementary codons, which strongly supports the connection between mRNA and the corresponding protein structures and indicates that there is protein folding information in nucleic acids that is not present in the genetic code. This might suggest an additional explanation of codon redundancy.
A Convenient Method for in situ Generation of I<sub>2</sub> Using CuSO<sub>4</sub>/NaI and Its Applications to the Deprotection of Acetals, Etherifications and Iodolactonizations. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Checkpoint and Restart for Distributed Components in XCAT3 (2005)

With the advent of grid computing, more and more high-end computational resources become available for use to a scientist. While this opens up new avenues for scientific research, it makes reliability and fault tolerance of such a system a non-trivial task, especially for long running distributed applications. In order to solve this problem, we present a distributed user-defined checkpointing mechanism within the XCAT3 system. XCAT3 is a framework for component component architecture (CCA) based components consistent with current Grid standards. We describe in detail the algorithms and APIs that are added to XCAT3 in order to support distributed checkpointing. Our approach ensures that the checkpoints are platform independent, minimal in size, and always available during component failures. In addition, our algorithms maintain correctness in the presence of failures and scale well with the number of components, and checkpoint size.
Accelerating Adult Readers with Typeface: A Study of Individual Preferences and Effectiveness (2020)

Information overload is the challenge of the modern era and text the medium. Every adult reader would benefit from faster reading, provided they could retain comprehension. The present work explores the reading speed gains possible solely by manipulating typeface. We consider that optimal typeface might be a matter of an individual's preferred font, or that some fonts might be better for all users. Indeed, eight in ten of our participants believed their favorite font would be their best. Instead, our findings showed that the preferred font was seldom best, and one font did not fit all. Adult readers in our study read better with varying fonts. An average 117 word per minute difference between worst and best typeface, or around 10 additional pages an hour, means font choice is of real-world significance. Our discussion focuses on the challenges of rapidly identifying an individual's optimal font, and the exciting individuation technologies such an advance allows.
A phase II study combining ipilimumab and degarelix with or without radical prostatectomy (RP) in men with newly diagnosed metastatic noncastration prostate cancer (mNCPC) or biochemically recurrent (BR) NCPC. (2017)

203 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) does not completely eliminate disease in mNCPC or BRPC. We explored a multimodality treatment (tx) approach combining ADT with ipilimumab (ipi) with the aim of achieving no evidence of disease or complete elimination of disease, given the potential for cure seen with immunotherapy. Methods: Cohort A (Coh A) enrolled men with ≤ 10 bone metastases treated with induction of degarelix (deg) and ipi prior to RP and subsequent ipi q3 weeks x 3 and 8 months (mos) total of deg. Cohort B (Coh B) opened later and enrolled men with BRNCPC after RP with a doubling time ≤ 12 mos, and received ipi q3 weeks x 4 and 8 mos of deg. The primary endpoint was an undetectable PSA (&lt;0.05) at 12 and 20 mos with non-castrate testosterone. Results: 16 pts (7 Coh A; 9 Coh B) were treated. No Coh A pts experienced immune related toxicities (irAE) that delayed surgery. 4/7 (57%) Coh A pts came off study for irAE, 1 (14%) for insurance reasons, and 2 (29%) completed all protocol requirements. In Coh B 6/9 (67%) pts have completed tx and entered follow-up. Conclusions: A combined modality approach with ipi 10mg/kg, ADT, and RP in mNCPC was associated with limiting toxicities, however 3mg/kg was better tolerated and more feasible in a BRNCPC cohort. One pt in Coh A (14%) had an undetectable PSA with testosterone recovery while evaluation of efficacy for Coh B is ongoing. The role for RP and other immunotherapeutic approaches in NCPC remain viable interests to the field. Clinical trial information: NCT02020070. [Table: see text]
Antimicrobial Solutions for Touchscreens in Times of Pandemic (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused people to rethink touch-enabled displays' use in publicly accessible locations because of germs. This article discusses the touchscreen industry's challenges, and how antimicrobial coatings may be one potential solution.
Assessment and surgical outcomes for mild type I and severe type II cortical dysplasia: A critical review and the UCLA experience (2009)

Recent findings on the clinical, electroencephalography (EEG), neuroimaging, and surgical outcomes are reviewed comparing patients with Palmini type I (mild) and type II (severe) cortical dysplasia. Resources include peer-reviewed studies on surgically treated patients and a subanalysis of the 2004 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Survey of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery. These sources were supplemented with data from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Cortical dysplasia is the most frequent histopathologic substrate in children, and the second most common etiology in adult epilepsy surgery patients. Cortical dysplasia patients present with seizures at an earlier age than other surgically treated etiologies, and 33-50% have nonlocalized scalp EEG and normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. 2-((18)F)Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is positive in 75-90% of cases. After complete resection, 80% of patients are seizure free compared with 20% with incomplete resections. Compared with type I, patients with type II cortical dysplasia present at younger ages, have higher seizure frequencies, and are extratemporal. Type I dysplasia is found more often in adult patients in the temporal lobe and is often MRI negative. These findings identify characteristics of patients with mild and severe cortical dysplasia that define surgically treated epilepsy syndromes. The authors discuss future challenges to identifying and treating medically refractory epilepsy patients with cortical dysplasia.
The efficacy of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA AR) subtype-selective positive allosteric modulators in blocking tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)-induced seizure-like behavior in larval zebrafish with minimal sedation (2021)

The chemical threat agent tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) is a γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA AR) antagonist that causes life threatening seizures. Currently, there is no specific antidote for TETS intoxication. TETS-induced seizures are typically treated with benzodiazepines, which function as nonselective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of synaptic GABAARs. The major target of TETS was recently identified as the GABAAR α2β3γ2 subtype in electrophysiological studies using recombinantly expressed receptor combinations. Here, we tested whether these in vitro findings translate in vivo by comparing the efficacy of GABAAR subunit-selective PAMs in reducing TETS-induced seizure behavior in larval zebrafish. We tested PAMs targeting α1, α2, α2/3/5, α6, ß2/3, ß1/2/3, and δ subunits and compared their efficacy to the benzodiazepine midazolam (MDZ). The data demonstrate that α2- and α6-selective PAMs (SL-651,498 and SB-205384, respectively) were effective at mitigating TETS-induced seizure-like behavior. Combinations of SB-205384 and MDZ or SL-651,498 and 2–261 (ß2/3-selective) mitigated TETS-induced seizure-like behavior at concentrations that did not elicit sedating effects in a photomotor behavioral assay, whereas MDZ alone caused sedation at the concentration required to stop seizure behavior. Isobologram analyses suggested that SB-205384 and MDZ interacted in an antagonistic fashion, while the effects of SL-651,498 and 2–261 were additive. These results further elucidate the molecular mechanism by which TETS induces seizures and provide mechanistic insight regarding specific countermeasures against this chemical convulsant.
Novel adjuvant based on a proteoliposome‐derived cochleate structure containing native lipopolysaccharide as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (2004)

Proteoliposomes (PL) from Neisseria meningitidis B have been widely used as a core antigen for antimeningococcal vaccination. PL contain major outer membrane proteins, LPS and phospholipids, and they induce a strong Th1 immune response, but they have low stability in solution. Attending to the need for new vaccine adjuvants, we developed a highly stable cochleate structure (CS) from PL using a technology that allows easy incorporation of new antigens. We explored the ability of PLCS to activate the immune system and its possible application as an adjuvant for parenteral and mucosal routes. Our results showed that PLCS were able to upregulate the expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules on human dendritic cells, as well as being able to stimulate the production of soluble mediators of a Th1 response, such as IL-12 and nitric oxide. High levels of anti-PL IgG were detected in serum after i.m. or mucosal (oral and nasal) administration, but also anti-PL secretory IgA was produced in saliva following nasal delivery. The immune response polarization to a Th1 pattern was confirmed by the induction of IgG2a antibodies, positive delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, and IFN-gamma production by splenocytes from immunized mice. The adjuvant potential was explored using PLCS containing ovalbumin (Ova). PLCS-Ova was able to elicit a substantial increase in anti-Ova IgG compared with Ova alone. In addition, a significant reduction in lesion size was observed in mice immunized with Leishmania major antigens in PLCS after challenge with virulent protozoa, suggesting at least partial modulation of the Th2 environment induced by this parasite. In conclusion, our results support the use of PLCS as a potent Th1 adjuvant for parenteral and mucosal vaccines.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐HT and Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands. Part 3. Synthesis and Receptor Affinities of 1,2,4‐Triazolo(4′,3′:1,6)pyridazino(4,5‐b)quinoline and 2,3‐Dihydro‐9‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrrolo(3,4‐b)quinoline‐1‐one Derivatives. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Control Passive Mobile Robots for Object Transportation - Braking Torque Analysis and Motion Control (2007)

In this paper, we propose a concept on realizing impedance-based motion control of passive type robots for transporting a single object in coordination with a human operator. In this research, we developed a prototype of passive type robot referred to as passive robot porter or PRP, which consists of three omni-directional wheels with MR Brakes, and on-board computer system. We analyze the singularity of PRP braking torques, and control the brake torque of each wheel based on the brake force/moment constraint so that impedance characteristics is realized on PRP with human's pushing. This allows a PRP to track a 2D path which includes motion perpendicular to human's pushing direction without using servo motors, and multi-PRPs to work cooperatively on handling a single object with orientation control for avoiding collision with obstacles. Experimental results are shown to illustrate the validity of the proposed concept.
Bandwidth enhancement of partially parallel-feeding travelling-wave array using waveguide narrow-wall cavity slot on iris in millimeter-wave band (2016)

The partially parallel-feeding traveling-wave waveguide slot array has an advantage to reduce the frequency dependence of radiation pattern and obtains broadband characteristics. However, conventional post-loaded radiating slots limit the bandwidth of the array. Therefore, the waveguide narrow-wall cavity slot on iris is proposed to extend the bandwidth of the radiating elements. 24-element two-line waveguide slot array antenna is designed in the millimeter-wave band. The bandwidth of reflection lower than -20dB for each single element was over 7GHz, then, the bandwidth of the entire array was extended to 4.3GHz in contrast to the conventional antenna with post-loaded slots 0.8GHz. The gain of the broadside direction was higher than 15dBi in 72.0-86.6GHz and the peak gain was 20.7dBi.
Low-Latency Hardware Masking with Application to AES (2020)

During the past two decades there has been a great deal of research published on masked hardware implementations of AES and other cryptographic primitives. Unfortunately, many hardware masking techniques can lead to increased latency compared to unprotected circuits for algorithms such as AES, due to the high-degree of nonlinear functions in their designs. In this paper, we present a hardware masking technique which does not increase the latency for such algorithms. It is based on the LUT-based Masked Dual-Rail with Pre-charge Logic (LMDPL) technique presented at CHES 2014. First, we show 1-glitch extended strong noninterference of a nonlinear LMDPL gadget under the 1-glitch extended probing model. We then use this knowledge to design an AES implementation which computes a full AES-128 operation in 10 cycles and a full AES-256 operation in 14 cycles. We perform practical side-channel analysis of our implementation using the Test Vector Leakage Assessment (TVLA) methodology and analyze univariate as well as bivariate t-statistics to demonstrate its DPA resistance level.