gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) Infection in Balb/c mice by Feeding Lactobacillus acidophilus Strain NP-51® (2010)

The immune responses of 390 BALB/c mice fed the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus strain NP51 <sup>®</sup> and infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) were evaluated in a 6-month trial. Mice were randomized to nine treatment groups that fed either viable- or heat-killed NP51 and inoculated with either viable- or heatkilled MAP or sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Feeding the NP51 resulted in higher numbers of T lymphocytes in the spleen including the CD8 <sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In addition, feeding the NP51 lowered the number of immune suppressive T regulatory cells CD4 <sup>+</sup> CD25 <sup>+</sup> and CD8 <sup>+</sup> CD25 <sup>+<sup> cells in the spleen. Additionally, feeding the NP51 resulted in higher concentration of interferon-gamma in the supernatant of splenocytes cultured in vitro. These results suggest that feeding the NP51 to BALB/c mice might prevent the progression of MAP infection in mice.
The Application of a Venous Catheter for the Surgical Treatment of Punctal Occlusion (2020)

The technique is performed under regional anesthesia. Furthermore, after surgery, the recanalization of the lacrimal drainage system was observed with a significant reduction of the epiphora in 6 months after surgery.
Role of Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 in mediating neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis (2008)

Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis is associated with endotoxemia and an increased incidence of infection, but the mechanism is unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like-receptors (TLR)2, 4, and 9 in mediating neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis. Neutrophils from healthy volunteers were incubated with alcoholic hepatitis patients' plasma (n = 12) with and without TLR2, 4, or 9 antagonists and with and without human albumin. TLR2, 4, and 9 expression, neutrophil oxidative burst, phagocytosis, and CXCR1+2 expression were measured by FACS analysis. Patients' plasma increased oxidative burst, decreased CXCR1+2 expression, and decreased phagocytosis of normal neutrophils in association with increased expression of TLR2, 4, and 9 and depletion of ATP. Inhibition of TLR2, 4, and 9 prevented the increase in oxidative burst and the decrease in CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression but did not prevent phagocytic dysfunction. Incubation with albumin completely prevented the patient plasma induced neutrophil dysfunction. Increased expression of TLR2, 4, and 9 is associated with neutrophil dysfunction, endotoxemia, and energy depletion. TLR2, 4, and 9 inhibition does not improve phagocytosis, indicating that TLR overexpression may be the result and not the cause of neutrophil activation. Albumin, an endotoxin scavenger, prevents the deleterious effect of patients' plasma on neutrophil phagocytosis, resting burst, and TLR expression.
Effect of foraminal enlargement on microcrack formation and apical transportation: a nano-CT assessment (2023)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the foraminal enlargement and its influence on microcrack formation and apical transportation in root canals with apical curvature. Eighteen maxillary lateral incisors with apical curvature were selected by using micro-CT images. Root canals were randomly divided in two groups (n = 9) according to root canal preparation using two working lengths: 1 mm short of the apical foramen (control group) and 1 mm beyond the apical foramen (foraminal enlargement). For both groups Reciproc Blue R40 was used for root canal instrumentation. Specimens were scanned by nano-CT (UniTOM HR) before and after root canal preparation. Percentage, length, and width of microcracks, and apical transportation were assessed. Kappa, chi-square and McNemar tests were used for qualitative analyses while paired and unpaired t-test were used for quantitative analyses (α = 0.05). For both groups, rather similar and low percentages of microcracks were observed before root canal preparation (P > 0.05). The foraminal enlargement promoted new microcracks, not observed in the control group. An increase in microcrack length was observed when the foraminal enlargement was performed (P < 0.05). Higher apical transportation was observed when foraminal enlargement was performed (P < 0.05). Foraminal enlargement using a heat-treated reciprocating file size 40 promoted microcracks and higher apical transportation than root canal preparation up to 1 mm short of apical foramen.
Identifying environmental controls on the shoreline of a natural river delta (2015)

Abstract River deltas form where sediment‐laden water debouches into a basin. The spatial delineation of a delta is nontrivial and yet is fundamental to systematically evaluating fluxes across its surface. Here we study shoreline dynamics of the Wax Lake Delta (WLD), a naturally developing delta, downstream of the Atchafalaya River, USA. We demonstrate the ability to extract hydrodynamic and morphodynamic shorelines from time series of satellite imagery and topography data, respectively. The hydrodynamic shoreline corresponds to the traditional dry‐wet interface, whereas we introduce the concept of a morphodynamic shoreline demarcating the topset‐foreset transition of a delta to quantitatively express the degree of inundation of a delta plain. These shorelines enable us to assess environmental controls on inundation of the WLD delta plain, noting the abundance of satellite imagery, whereas time series of bathymetric data from delta plains are scarce. From the analysis of NOAA and U.S. Geological Survey environmental data, we identify the effects of river discharge, tides, wind, and vegetation on shoreline position. In particular, using Delft3D simulations and a simplified momentum balance, we highlight the nonuniform and nonlinear effect of wind on delta plain inundation. Our analyses reveal that wind, riverine discharge, and tides significantly contribute to inundation of the WLD, and hence, incorporating their interaction is essential to the accurate modeling of hydrodynamics and ecodynamics of the WLD delta plain, as well as to the dynamic shape of delta plains in general.
Temporally sliced photon primitives for time‐of‐flight rendering (2022)

Abstract We derive a class of new Monte Carlo estimators for volumetric time‐of‐flight rendering, generalizing prior work on transient photon points and beams. Conceptually, our method starts with any steady‐state photon primitive – like a photon plane, parallelepiped, or parallelotope – and slices it with a temporal wavefront, producing a primitive of one dimension lower. We show how different unbiased temporally sliced primitives arise by analytically integrating any four dimensions within a novel extended spatio‐temporal path space formulation. The differences between these estimators reduce to the determinant of a 4×4 Jacobian matrix, with columns dictated by the chosen dimensions. We then show how to combine the relative strengths of different sliced primitives using multiple importance sampling. Finally, we implement several of the new estimators enabled by our theory and compare them to each other as well as previous techniques.
Towards automating hardware/software co-design (2004)

We propose a new flow for hardware/software co-design that forms a base for further automation attempts of the co-design process. Our proposed flow starts with a software-only solution in which all system functionality is described as embedded software written in C targeting a selected platform. Then, the flow iterates through co-verification, profiling, partitioning, and co-synthesis until the design criteria are met. We present two test cases to show the effectiveness of our proposed methodology.
MOXE: An X-Ray All-Sky Monitor For The Soviet Spectrum-X-Gamma Mission (1989)

We are developing a Monitoring X-Ray Experiment (MOXE) for the Soviet Spectrum-X-Gamma Mission. MOXE is an X-ray all-sky monitor based on array of pinhole cameras, to be provided via a collaboration between Goddard Space Flight Center and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Our objectives are 1) to alert other observers on Spectrum-X-Gamma and other platforms of interesting transient activity, and 2) to synoptically monitor the X-ray sky and study long-term changes in X-ray binaries. MOXE will be sensitive to sources as faint as 2 milliCrab (56) in 1 day, and cover the 2-20 keV band.
An Interactive, Video‐Teleconferenced, Graduate Course in Biomedical Engineering (2002)

Abstract A two‐semester, video‐teleconferenced (2‐way video/audio) course entitled Principles of Biomedical Engineering I and II was offered from 1999 to 2001 for graduate students enrolled at Purdue University (PU; West Lafayette, IN) and Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI; Indianapolis, IN). Results of the study provided evidence that during the control (i.e., traditional lecture) distance learning environment, on‐campus students consistently received statistically significant higher final course grades than off‐campus students. In contrast, upon implementation of interactive distance learning methods, the on‐ and off‐campus students received similar (not statistically different) final grades. In this manner, the study demonstrated that effective use of video‐teleconferencing occurs when students at remote‐sites actively participate in the learning experience rather than passively observe the lectures on a television monitor (as occurs during traditional distance learning lectures).
Expert commentary: how well has the call from Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association for improved device monitoring been answered? (2013)

This commentary highlights the benefits of remote device monitoring and explores some of the challenges implementation of this technology worldwide.
Non-resistance metric based read scheme for multi-level PCRAM in 25 nm technology (2015)

A non-resistance readout scheme for high density multi-level PCRAM is described. Non-resistance read metric with drift resilient nature is enhanced to be suitable for high density memory array with large parasitic time constant. 1G PCM cells in 25nm technology are structured in the form of a single bank of a 16G cell chip with the hierarchical bit-line scheme. Furthermore, 32 instances of 6bit SAR-ADC per bank are built-in with specific logic for adaptive data detection as a sense-amplifier. Experimental results for a bank of 2Gb multi-level density are demonstrated with total read latency of 450ns including word-line settling and the adaptive data detection scheme.
PROPOSAL OF VIRTUAL PROVING GROUND WITH DRIVING SIMULATOR (2002)

Virtual performance test of automobile with a driving simulator is proposed in this paper. Multibody dynamics is applied to our driving simulator for precise analysis of automobile behavior. The estimation of suspension setting with driving simulator can be achieved by multibody dynamics. Real-time analysis of multibody dynamics is a key technology of this proposal. Some performance tests with developed driving simulator were executed, and it was shown that the estimation of dynamics characteristics of automobile is possible with developed driving simulator.
Concatenated wireless roaming security association and authentication protocol using ID-based cryptography (2004)

The mobile IP application of AAA (diameter protocol) provides authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) services in a wireless roaming Internet service. As such, the current paper proposes the application of identity-based cryptography to mobile IP with AAA authentication, thereby facilitating the introduction of public key cryptography through allowing a mobile IP entity's public key to be derived from an arbitrary identification value, such as e-mail styled NAI (network access identity). The diameter security association (DSA) provides a PKI-based key delivery between AAA server of the visited and home ISP network. Therefore, the proposed method combines the use of the DSA with an identity (ID)-based cryptographic security association (ISA). Consequently, the proposed concatenated security association of the DSA for an inter-ISP trust chain and an ISA for mobile IP user authentication can alleviate the problem of ID-based private distribution for visited network entities and greatly reduce the need for an reliance on public key certificates for mobile nodes. Furthermore, the proposed protocol can also establish a security association among all mobile IP related nodes and AAA related nodes.
Planning from Pixels using Inverse Dynamics Models (2020)

Learning task-agnostic dynamics models in high-dimensional observation spaces can be challenging for model-based RL agents. We propose a novel way to learn latent world models by learning to predict sequences of future actions conditioned on task completion. These task-conditioned models adaptively focus modeling capacity on task-relevant dynamics, while simultaneously serving as an effective heuristic for planning with sparse rewards. We evaluate our method on challenging visual goal completion tasks and show a substantial increase in performance compared to prior model-free approaches.
Use of Primitive Derived Cotton Accessions for Agronomic and Fiber Traits Improvement: Variance Components and Genetic Effects (2007)

ABSTRACT Upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) is cultivated in warmer climates throughout the world. The genetic base of modern upland cultivars is narrow. As yield and fiber quality traits are improved, the genetic base should be extended by the incorporation of new germplasm into cultivars. In this study, 114 day‐neutral derived primitive accessions were crossed to two cultivars, Stoneville 474 and Sure‐Grow 747 (female parents). In a 2‐yr study, parents and F 2 hybrids were evaluated in field plots where agronomic and fiber traits were measured. An extended additive‐dominance genetic model was used, and the data were analyzed on the basis of the mixed model approach. Dominance effects were the primary genetic effects controlling agronomic and fiber traits, while additive effects were small for most of these traits. Consequently, strong heterosis in some F 1 and F 2 hybrids for most traits would be expected. The genetic resources from the primitive accessions, determined on the basis of cluster analyses, did not show any consistent pattern for collection location or taxonomic classification. Even though dominance effects were the most common for traits measured, results indicate that these day‐neutral derived primitive accessions provide genes with significant additive effects for fiber quality traits, while the additive effects for yield improvement was not significantly decreased. Thus, these derived germplasm accessions can provide favorable gene resources for developing high yielding cultivars or hybrids with improved fiber quality.
Estimation of achievable rates in additive Gaussian mixture noise channels (2016)

This paper details novel methods to accurately estimate the achievable rates of channels with additive Gaussian mixture (GM) noise. Attention is paid to a Gaussian input and discrete inputs. Such discrete inputs represent a wide range of signaling strategies and include the capacity-achieving input as a special case. At first, we propose a simple technique to calculate the GM noise entropy. Specifically, when the noise level is high, a lower bound on the integrand of the noise entropy is established and the noise entropy can be estimated in closed-form. In the low noise region, the piecewise-linear curve fitting (PWLCF) method is applied to calculate the noise entropy. It is then demonstrated this can be estimated in both regions with a predetermined accuracy. We then extend this result to calculate the output entropy and the achievable rate when the input is Gaussian distributed, which is shown to be asymptotically optimal. Next, we propose a simple PWLCF-based method to estimate the output entropy for a given discrete input. In particular, the output entropy is evaluated by examining the output in high and low regions of amplitude using a lower bound on the integrand of the output entropy and PWLCF, respectively. It is demonstrated that the output entropy, and consequently, the achievable rates, can be computed to achieve any desired accuracy level.
Development of high efficiency W-band microstrip circuit doublers (1987)

Using packaged GaAs varactor diodes, high efficiency doubler circuits have been developed at W-band. Microstrip circuits are used to match the input and output impedances presented by the diode. A conversion loss of 8 to 10 dB was measured from 9 0 to 93 GHz. For narrowband, circuits can be tuned to work with a conversion loss of less than 6.5 dB. These doubler circuits are suitable for W-band integrated circuit receivers and trans-receivers in which a stable local oscillator power is a problem. Use of microstrip drastically reduces the fabrication cost, in addition to size and weight.
Experimental Evaluation of Nonlinear Dynamics and Coupled Motions in a Pantograph (2009)

Continuous electric power supply, which is transferred from the contact wire to the train through a pantograph mechanism, is a necessity for a train to function satisfactory. Since various sources of nonlinearities are present, such as friction in the pantograph suspensions and impacts in the subsystems and at the excitation, there is a possibility of nonlinear dynamic behaviour. The aim of this work is to experimentally investigate the dynamic behaviour of a commercial pantograph to verify if nonlinear behaviour and coupling effects can occur. A test rig has been built that has the ability to simulate both the horizontal and vertical excitation generated by the contact wire. Measurements have been performed for sinusoidal input signals both in horizontal and vertical directions. Harmonic and subharmonic motions as well as irregular behaviour are shown to exist in the system. The results show that the pantograph’s rotational degree of freedom, friction in the suspension systems and the nonlinear stiffness play an important role for the dynamic behaviour of the system and are therefore crucial to include when creating mathematical models of the system.
High resolution imaging of boron carbide microstructures (1986)

Two samples of boron carbide have been examined using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A hot‐pressed B13C2 sample shows a high density of variable width twins normal to (10*1). Subtle shifts or offsets of lattice fringes along the twin plane and normal to ∼(10*5) were also observed. A B4C powder showed little evidence of stacking disorder in crystalline regions.
Drug Delivery Systems Using Immobilized Intact Liposomes: A Comparative and Critical Review (2004)

Liposomes sustain considerable interest to develop ways to fabricate drug delivery systems that would provide a good release without inducing any systemic reactions into the host. However, in many cases, liposomes injected into the blood stream are rapidly cleared from the system and only a fraction reaches the target site even when poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated liposomes are used. Composite drug delivery systems with liposomes i.e., liposomes linked to other substrates can be good candidates for certain type of drug release to achieve a localised treatment. This paper reviews the fundamental phenomena of the interactions between liposomes and solid substrates. Then, we address various techniques that have been used to immobilize intact liposomes onto and into different substrates. Finally, properties of liposomes used as drug delivery systems are briefly reviewed. Keywords: liposomes/lipid vesicles, drug delivery systems, surface immobilization of intact liposomes, liposome-collagen entrapment, liposome-chitosan, telomeric liposomes
Remote operations: from a generic model to the OSI and ITU SS7 realizations (2002)

This article gives an overview of the concept of remote operations and its use in OSI and telecommunications signalling networks. It builds upon the latest results of the ITU/ISO collaborative standardization work on that subject, where a clear distinction has been introduced between the remote operation service (ROS) model and its OSI realization, known as the remote operation service element (ROSE). The article shows that the transaction capabilities of signalling system number 7 can be viewed as a specific realization of the ROS model.
Toxicity of thornapple (Datura stramonium L) seeds to the pig (1981)

Experimental work reported here, together with a review of the available published work, indicates an intake of Datura stramonium seeds equivalent to a dose of about 1.5 mg alkaloid per kg body-weight as a threshold level for the expression of mild toxicity symptoms in the pig. The pig can very effectively reject whole seeds in the diet and whole seeds ingested may pass through the gut intact. Thornapple seems far less likely to cause poisoning in the housed pig than is generally believed. The standard text misquotes the findings of earlier work by a factor of 250.
GRIN lens based polarization endoscope – from conception to application (2020)

Graded index (GRIN) lenses focus light through a radially symmetric refractive index profile. It is not widely appreciated that the ion-exchange process that creates the index profile also causes a radially symmetric birefringence variation. This property is usually considered a nuisance, such that manufacturing processes are optimized to keep it to a minimum. Here, a new Mueller matrix (MM) polarimeter based on a spatially engineered polarization state generating array and GRIN lens cascade for measuring the MM of a region of a sample in a single-shot is presented. We explore using the GRIN lens cascade for a functional analyzer to calculate multiple Stokes vectors and the MM of the target in a snapshot. A designed validation sample is used to test the reliability of this polarimeter. To understand more potential biomedical applications, human breast ductal carcinoma slides at two pathological progression stages are detected by this polarimeter. The MM polar decomposition parameters then can be calculated from the measured MMs, and quantitatively compared with the equivalent data sampled by a MM microscope. The results indicate that the polarimeter and the measured polarization parameters are capable of differentiating the healthy and carcinoma status of human breast tissue efficiently. It has potential to act as a polarization detected fiber-based probe to assist further minimally invasive clinical diagnosis.