gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size effect in metal/ferroelectric/metal heterostructures:Depolarizing effect vs. short-range coupling (2008)

Phase transitions in condensed matter are affected by a small volume and/or restricted geometry of the systems. The understanding of the relevant size effects is of practical importance when such systems are used as functional materials in the form of small particles and thin films. At the origin of these effects, one can distinguish two contributions. One is due to the fact that the atoms of the material close to its surface have an environment that is different form that of the bulk atoms. Here, short-range inter-atomic interactions are involved. The other contribution is related to the long-range macroscopic fields (electric, elastic, or magnetic) appearing in particles or films of the material due to its contact with other materials. Proper understanding of the size effect in solid-state systems implies separation of these contributions. In the present paper, we address the problem of this separation in the case of metal/ferroelectric/metal heterostructures, the systems where the long-range contribution is associated with the electrostatic depolarizing field. The problem is treated using an approach developed by the author [1], which combines first principles calculations with the phenomenological theory. The aforementioned contributions to the size effect are evaluated for SrRuO3/BaTiO3/SrRuO3 heterostructures with different (RuO2 orTiO2) terminations of the ferroelectric. It is shown that the relation between these contributions is controlled by the Ç⨍˙polarization softnessÇ⨍˘ of the metal.
PTEN knockdown alters dendritic spine/protrusion morphology, not density (2013)

Mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) are implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders including autism. Previous studies report that PTEN knockdown in neurons in vivo leads to increased spine density and synaptic activity. To better characterize synaptic changes in neurons lacking PTEN, we examined the effects of shRNA knockdown of PTEN in basolateral amygdala neurons on synaptic spine density and morphology by using fluorescent dye confocal imaging. Contrary to previous studies in the dentate gyrus, we find that knockdown of PTEN in basolateral amygdala leads to a significant decrease in total spine density in distal dendrites. Curiously, this decreased spine density is associated with increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency and amplitude, suggesting an increase in number and function of mature spines. These seemingly contradictory findings were reconciled by spine morphology analysis demonstrating increased mushroom spine density and size with correspondingly decreased thin protrusion density at more distal segments. The same analysis of PTEN conditional deletion in the dentate gyrus demonstrated that loss of PTEN does not significantly alter total density of dendritic protrusions in the dentate gyrus, but does decrease thin protrusion density and increases density of more mature mushroom spines. These findings suggest that, contrary to previous reports, PTEN knockdown may not induce de novo spinogenesis, but instead may increase synaptic activity by inducing morphological and functional maturation of spines. Furthermore, behavioral analysis of basolateral amygdala PTEN knockdown suggests that these changes limited only to the basolateral amygdala complex may not be sufficient to induce increased anxiety-related behaviors.
NOSIX (2014)

In spite of the standardization of the OpenFlow API, it is very difficult to write an SDN controller application that is portable (i.e., guarantees correct packet processing over a wide range of switches) and achieves good performance (i.e., fully leverages switch capabilities). This is because the switch landscape is fundamentally diverse in performance, feature set and supported APIs. We propose to address this challenge via a lightweight portability layer that acts as a rendezvous point between the requirements of controller application and the vendor knowledge of switch implementations. Above, applications specify rules in virtual flow tables annotated with semantic intents and expectations. Below, vendor specific drivers map them to optimized switch-specific rule sets. NOSIX represents a first step towards achieving both portability and good performance across a diverse set of switches.
40Gbit/s silicon ring resonator-based modulator fabricated on 300mm SOI wafers (2014)

We report 40Gbit/s ring resonator based silicon modulator fabricated on 300mm SOI wafers, with a comparison between theoretical and experimental performances.
Preliminary study of mutual coupling effect on a passive RFID antenna array (2013)

The communication quality between an RFID tag and a reader in a RFID network is affected by several factors including the distance between a reader and a tag, orientation of the antennas, and scattering from neighbor tags. Some studies have analyzed those factors and their impact on a read-rate of RFID systems. However, they neglected the effect of a mutual coupling among neighbor tags. In this paper, we formulate the driving currents of a RFID antenna array considering the mutual impedance among tags. Afterwards, we both measure and simulate the mutual impedance for the used RFID tag that is Alien 9640 Squiggle Inlay and we compare the result with half wave dipoles which we construct. Simulation results show that current distribution on tags increases when compared with the case that mutual coupling is not considered among tags.
Hierarchical routing and path recovery algorithm in home 6LoWPAN networks (2012)

HiLow is a well-known hierarchical routing protocol used in 6LoWPAN, which has some drawbacks in accessibility, efficiency and path recoverability. In this paper, we have improved the HiLow protocol in aspects of interconnection between Internet and 6LoWPAN and network path recovery mechanism. Using an address mapping table to store both EUI-64 address and 16 bit short address, Internet nodes can access the 6LoWPAN nodes by an IPv6 address, which is generated by the EUI-64 address and IPv6 prefix. In addition, the common neighbor nodes are added into the neighbor table to improve routing efficiency between neighbors and path recovery mechanism is proposed for our modified protocol. Due to the benefits of additional data structure and path recovery mechanism, our protocol improves the routing efficiency and effectively reduce the cost for network reorganization caused by FFD (Full Function Device) failures and RFD (Reduced Function Device) failures.
The Use of a Bone-Anchored Device as a Hard-Wired Conduit for Transmitting EMG Signals From Implanted Muscle Electrodes (2013)

The use of a bone-anchored device to transmit electrical signals from internalized muscle electrodes was studied in a sheep model. The bone-anchored device was used as a conduit for the passage of a wire connecting an internal epimysial electrode to an external signal-recording device. The bone-anchored device was inserted into an intact tibia and the electrode attached to the adjacent M. peroneus tertius. "Physiological" signals with low signal-to-noise ratios were successfully obtained over a 12-week period by walking the sheep on a treadmill. Reliable transmission of multiple muscle signals across the skin barrier is essential for providing intuitive, biomimetic upper limb prostheses. This technology has the potential to provide a better functional and reliable solution for upper limb amputee rehabilitation: attachment and control.
Structural functional associations of the orbit in thyroid eye disease: Kalman filters to track extraocular rectal muscles (2016)

Pathologies of the optic nerve and orbit impact millions of Americans and quantitative assessment of the orbital structures on 3-D imaging would provide objective markers to enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve timely intervention and eventually preserve visual function. Recent studies have shown that the multi-atlas methodology is suitable for identifying orbital structures, but challenges arise in the identification of the individual extraocular rectus muscles that control eye movement. This is increasingly problematic in diseased eyes, where these muscles often appear to fuse at the back of the orbit (at the resolution of clinical computed tomography imaging) due to inflammation or crowding. We propose the use of Kalman filters to track the muscles in three-dimensions to refine multi-atlas segmentation and resolve ambiguity due to imaging resolution, noise, and artifacts. The purpose of our study is to investigate a method of automatically generating orbital metrics from CT imaging and demonstrate the utility of the approach by correlating structural metrics of the eye orbit with clinical data and visual function measures in subjects with thyroid eye disease. The pilot study demonstrates that automatically calculated orbital metrics are strongly correlated with several clinical characteristics. Moreover, the superior, inferior, medial and lateral rectus muscles obtained using Kalman filters are each correlated with different categories of functional deficit. These findings serve as foundation for further investigation in the use of CT imaging in the study, analysis and diagnosis of ocular diseases, specifically thyroid eye disease.
Local Epitaxial Templating Effects in Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric ZrO<sub>2</sub> (2022)

Nanoscale polycrystalline thin-film heterostructures are central to microelectronics, for example, metals used as interconnects and high-K oxides used in dynamic random-access memories (DRAMs). The polycrystalline microstructure and overall functional response therein are often dominated by the underlying substrate or layer, which, however, is poorly understood due to the difficulty of characterizing microstructural correlations at a statistically meaningful scale. Here, an automated, high-throughput method, based on the nanobeam electron diffraction technique, is introduced to investigate orientational relations and correlations between crystallinity of materials in polycrystalline heterostructures over a length scale of microns, containing several hundred individual grains. This technique is employed to perform an atomic-scale investigation of the prevalent near-coincident site epitaxy in nanocrystalline ZrO<sub>2</sub> heterostructures, the workhorse system in DRAM technology. The power of this analysis is demonstrated by answering a puzzling question: why does polycrystalline ZrO<sub>2</sub> transform dramatically from being antiferroelectric on polycrystalline TiN/Si to ferroelectric on amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si?
Cooperative transmission for cognitive radio networks using mutual-information accumulation (2014)

In cognitive radio networks, secondary users (SUs) have to control their transmission power so that the interference to primary users' (PUs) are tolerable. Under this situation, SUs will transmit at a relatively low power level experiencing high bit error rate with limited coverage range. To address this problem, cooperative transmission using mutual information accumulation is introduced to cognitive radio networks. To be specific, resource allocation problem in such a network is investigated and is factored into two sub-problems, each of which can be solved efficiently. The simulation results show that mutual information accumulation can significantly decrease the delay of a cognitive radio network especially in the scenario where the PU has a tight interference power constraint.
Synthesis of Highly Refractive Poly(phenylene thioether) Derived from 2,4-Dichloro-6-alkylthio-1,3,5-triazines and Aromatic Dithiols (2011)

A highly refractive, transparent, and totally colorless poly(phenylene thioether) (PPT) containing a triazine unit has been developed. A new aromatic dithiol, thianthrene-2,7-dithiol, with a high sulfur content was designed and synthesized in order to develop PPTs with high refractive indices and high glass transition temperatures (Tgs). These PPTs were prepared by the phase-transfer catalyzed polycondensation of 2,4-dichloro-6-alkylthio-1,3,5-triazines with aromatic dithiols such as 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol, benzene-1,3-dithiol, and thianthrene-2,7-dithiol. The PPTs obtained from the 2,4-dichloro-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazines and aromatic dithiols showed good thermal stabilities such as relatively high Tgs over 120 °C and 5% weight-loss temperatures (T5%) around 350 °C. The optical transmittance of the polymer films with a 1 μm thickness is around 98% at 400 nm. The combination of the triazine and sulfur-containing thianthrene units provides PPTs with high refractive indices up to 1.7720 at 633 nm and low birefringences (<0.005).
Measurement of dose‐rate constant for seeds with air kerma strength calibration based upon a primary national standard (2000)

Recent developments in the past two years require a significant change in the dosimetry of 103Pd brachytherapy sources (Theraseed model 200, manufactured by Theragenics Corp., Atlanta, GA). Since their introduction in 1987, the air kerma strength of 103Pd sources for interstitial brachytherapy has been determined using a system of apparent activity measurement based upon the measurement of photon fluence at a reference distance along the transverse axis of the source free in air, using a NaI (T1) scintillation detector at the manufacturer's facilities. This detection system has been calibrated against a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-traceable activity standard of a 109Cd source. This system produced a highly consistent standard (within +/-2%) for over 12 years, with the exception of the last 109Cd source change in September 1997, which resulted in a change of 9% from the original 1987 standard. The second major development affecting 103Pd dosimetry is that on 13 January 1999 a primary national standard for the air kerma strength of 103Pd seeds was developed by NIST. This primary standard is based upon an absolute measurement of air kerma rate free in air at a reference distance from the source along its transverse axis using a wide angle free air chamber (WAFAC). In order to implement this new standard for the calibration of source strength in clinical dosimetry for interstitial implants, it is necessary to measure the dose-rate constant for the 103Pd seeds using a calibration of source strength based on the NIST 99 standard. In this work, a measurement of the dose-rate constant using lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) in a water equivalent solid phantom is reported. The measured value of this constant is 0.65 +/- 0.05 cGy h(-1) U(-1), where the unit air kerma strength is 1 U = 1 cGy h(-1) cm2 = 1 microGy h(-1) m2, and is directly traceable to the NIST 99 standard. The implementation of the NIST 99 standard for 103Pd should be accompanied by a simultaneous adoption of the new dose-rate constant reported here. No changes in radial dose function, anisotropy function, anisotropy factor, and geometry function are needed. However, a change in prescribed dose may be necessary to deliver the same physical dose as before.
Quantifying intermittency in the open drivebelt billiard (2012)

A "drivebelt" stadium billiard with boundary consisting of circular arcs of differing radius connected by their common tangents shares many properties with the conventional "straight" stadium, including hyperbolicity and mixing, as well as intermittency due to marginally unstable periodic orbits (MUPOs). Interestingly, the roles of the straight and curved sides are reversed. Here, we discuss intermittent properties of the chaotic trajectories from the point of view of escape through a hole in the billiard, giving the exact leading order coefficient lim(t→∞)tP(t) of the survival probability P(t) which is algebraic for fixed hole size. However, in the natural scaling limit of small hole size inversely proportional to time, the decay remains exponential. The big distinction between the straight and drivebelt stadia is that in the drivebelt case, there are multiple families of MUPOs leading to qualitatively new effects. A further difference is that most marginal periodic orbits in this system are oblique to the boundary, thus permitting applications that utilise total internal reflection such as microlasers.
Modulating ICBP90 to suppress human ribonucleotide reductase M2 induction restores sensitivity to hydroxyurea cytotoxicity. (2006)

A transcriptional intervention strategy is presented through which HU-resistant cancers may be eradicated without dose escalation.
The next age of immunotherapy: optimisation, stratification and therapeutic synergies (2018)

Cancer immunotherapy has entered a phase of broad application in the treatment of patients with haematologic and solid tumours. From first steps to standard of care, immunotherapy has established its utility and applicability across different cancer types. Now it must demonstrate its higher potential in more personalised and stratified approaches.
Co-targeting triple-negative breast cancer cells and endothelial cells by metronomic chemotherapy inhibits cell regrowth and migration via downregulation of the FAK/VEGFR2/VEGF axis and autophagy/apoptosis activation (2022)

High-dose standard-of-care chemotherapy is the only option for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, which eventually die due to metastatic tumors. Recently, metronomic chemotherapy (mCHT) showed advantages in treating TNBCs leading us to investigate the anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic potential of metronomic 5-Fluorouracil plus Vinorelbine (5-FU+VNR) on endothelial cells (ECs) and TNBCs in comparison to standard treatment (STD). We found that 10-fold lower doses of 5-FU+VNR given mCHT vs. STD inhibits cell proliferation and survival of ECs and TNBC cells. Both schedules strongly affect ECs migration and invasion, but in TNBC cells mCHT is significantly more effective than STD in impairing cell migration and invasion. The two treatments disrupt FAK/VEGFR/VEGF signaling in both ECs and TNBC cells. mCHT, and to a much lesser extent STD treatment, induces apoptosis in ECs, whereas it switches the route of cell death from apoptosis (as induced by STD) to autophagy in TNBC cells. mCHT-treated TNBCs-derived conditioned medium also strongly affects ECs' migration, modulates different angiogenesis-associated proteins, and hampers angiogenesis in matrix sponge <i>in vivo</i>. In conclusion, mCHT administration of 5-FU+VNR is more effective than STD schedule in controlling cell proliferation/survival and migration/invasion of both ECs and TNBC cells and has a strong anti-angiogenic effect. Our data suggest that the stabilization of tumor growth observed in TNBC patients treated with mCHT therapy schedule is likely due not only to direct cytotoxic effects but also to anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects.
Collaborative Development of a Test Environment for Automated Driving (2021)

It has felt like Covid-19 had a stranglehold on us. But we haven‘t allowed ourselves to be defeated. On the contrary, we are taking advantage of the opportunities that arise as a result. Not only the long-overdue push towards digitalization, for example, but also the time gained by making fewer journeys. Those who show strength now and position themselves for the future will win. And that is exactly the reason why we have been preparing ELIV 2021 with such a lot of enthusiasm.
Cap-and-Trade Emissions Regulation: A Strategic Analysis (2019)

Cap-and-trade schemes are designed to achieve target levels of regulated emissions in a socially efficient manner. These schemes work by issuing regulatory credits and allowing firms to buy and sell them according to their relative compliance costs. Analyzing the efficacy of such schemes in concentrated industries is complicated by the strategic interactions among firms producing heterogeneous products. We tackle this complexity via an agent-based microeconomic model of the US market for personal vehicles. We calculate Nash equilibria among credits-trading strategies in a variety of scenarios and regulatory models. We find that while cap-and-trade results improves efficiency overall, consumers bear a disproportionate share of regulation cost, as firms use credit trading to segment the vehicle market. Credits trading volume decreases when firms behave more strategically, which weakens the segmentation effect.
Iterative Superimposed Pilot-Assisted Channel Estimation Using Sliding Wiener Filtering for Single-Carrier Block Transmission (2012)

In the conventional iterative superimposed pilot-assisted channel estimation (SI-PACE), simple averaging of the instantaneous channel estimates obtained by using the pilot over several single-carrier (SC) blocks (called the frame in this paper) is taken in order to reduce the interference from data symbols. Therefore, the conventional SI-PACE has low tracking ability against fading time variations. To solve the tracking problem, Wiener filtering (WF)-based averaging can be used instead of simple averaging. However, WF incurs high computational complexity. Furthermore, the estimation error of the fading autocorrelation function significantly degrades the channel estimation accuracy. In order to improve the channel estimation accuracy while keeping the computational complexity low, a new iterative SI-PACE using sliding WF (called iterative SWFSI-PACE) is proposed. The channel estimation is done by sliding a WF having a shorter filter size than the measurement interval. The bit error rate (BER) and throughput performances of SC-FDE using iterative SWFSI-PACE are investigated by computer simulation to show that the proposed scheme achieves good BER and throughput performances while keeping the computational complexity low irrespective of the fading rate (or maximum Doppler frequency).
Hybrid Deep Eutectic Solvents with Flexible Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Networks for Highly Efficient Uptake of NH<sub>3</sub> (2017)

Abstract Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Qiwei Yang at the Zhejiang University. The image shows the effective capture of NH 3 molecules by hybrid deep eutectic solvents comprising choline chloride, resorcinol, and glycerol. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201701135 .
Preliminary Results with Percutaneous Transcatheter Microwave Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter (2007)

Percutaneous, transcatheter microwave ablation of CTI dependent atrial flutter was demonstrated to be safe and effective in this preliminary feasibility study.
Solvent extraction and its effect on phytochemical yield and antioxidant capacity of woody medicinal plant, Polyalthia bullata (2020)

Polyalthia bullata is a woody medicinal plant that contains antioxidant compounds. Finding a suitable solvent is important to obtain a high yield of antioxidants in the phenolic, flavonoid, and terpenoid families. In this study, from different solvent extracts, the leaf methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total terpenoid content (TTC), and total antioxidant activity. For woody parts of stem and roots, methanol was the best solvent for all phytochemicals except for phenolics, which accumulated in the roots and were extracted more efficiently using ethanol. However, the methanolic extracts from both tissues displayed the best antioxidant capacity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling data showed the presence of antioxidant compounds such as thymol, phytol, and neophytadiene in the leaf; trans-farnesol, n-hexadecanoic acid, and 9-Octadecenamide in the stem; and fatty acid (cis-vaccenic) and its methyl ester (11-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and [1,1’-bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2’-hexyl-methyl ester) in the roots. These findings reveal important compounds that are present in different plant parts of P. bullata.