gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A PHASE II LYSA STUDY OF OBINUTUZUMAB COMBINED WITH LENALIDOMIDE FOR RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY FOLLICULAR B‐CELL LYMPHOMA (2017)

Background: The combination of rituximab (RTX) and lenalidomide (LEN) has been shown to be synergistic in patients (pts) with previously untreated and relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL). A combination of obinutuzumab (GA), a glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 antibody, with LEN (GALEN) might be even more efficient while retaining a similarly manageable safety profile. We determined the recommended GA + LEN dosing in part IB of this study. Here, we report the results of the Phase II part assessing efficacy and safety of GALEN therapy in a cohort of relapsed/refractory (R/R) FL pts (NCT01582776). Methods: Eligible pts had a ECOG PS ≤ 2 and previously received at least 1 RTX-containing prior regimen. Induction treatment consisted of LEN 20 mg on d 1-21 of a 28-d cycle for the first cycle and on d 2-22 of a 28-d cycle from cycles 2 to 6. GA 1000 mg was given I.V. on d 8, 15, and 22 of cycle 1 and at D1 of cycles 2 to 6. Responding pts then received maintenance with 12 cycles of LEN at 10 mg on d 2-22 every 28 d for 18 cycles and GA 1000 mg every 8 wk for 12 cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary study endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) by investigator assessment at the end of induction according to 1999 IWG criteria. Secondary endpoints included ORR and complete response (CR) according to IWG 2007, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Most common AEs (>20% of pts) during induction (% all Gr / % Gr 3/4) were gastrointestinal disorders (76.1/2.3), infections (62.5/6.8), asthenia (52.3/2.3), neutropenia (30.7/28.4), muscle spasms (30.7/0), and cough (20.7/0). Febrile neutropenia occurred in 3.4% pts. AEs of special interest were rash (19.3/0), peripheral neuropathy (17.0/1.1), IRR (14.8, 3.4), venous thrombosis (1.1/0). 6 second primary malignancies were reported in 3 pts (5 basal carcinoma and 1 myelodysplastic syndrome). Conclusion: Oral LEN plus GA infusion is highly effective in relapsed or refractory FL pts with no unexpected toxicity. Keywords: follicular lymphoma (FL); lenalidomide; obinutuzumab.
Design of a nano-scaffold for tissue engineering (2011)

The goal of this study is to design a scaffold, utilizing topographical features on the nanometer scale, to determine the relationship between those features and cellular orientation during in vitro cell culture. Ultimately the goal of this study is to control the structure of engineered tissue which can be accomplished by directing cellular orientation during growth. The control of tissue structure is important because tissue structure determines tissue function. The topographical nano-scale features in this design are created by using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the plasma protein fibrinogen. The scaffold is made out of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and is fabricated utilizing a multi-step manufacturing process. In the future, the scaffold will provide a means to culture cells and characterize cellular orientation in relation to the patterned SAMs.
Tissue Oxygen Measurements Using Phosphorescence Quenching (2003)

This chapter provides a basis for the understanding of the use of oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence. It presents a brief description of the “state of the art” instruments and phosphorescent dyes and their capabilities, short summaries of areas of application that are proving particularly fruitful, and a prospectus of the future developments in the technology. Phosphorescence quenching method is highly sensitive at low oxygen pressures. Oxygen is consumed in large amounts to provide the metabolic energy required for the survival of aerobic organisms. Oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence or simply phosphorescence quenching is an optical method capable of quantifying oxygen over a wide range of conditions in biological systems. Phosphorescence is the emission from the triplet excited state. The effectiveness of quenching of phosphorescence by oxygen is a function of the frequency of collision between the triplet state molecules and molecular oxygen. There are two methods for measuring excited state lifetimes, namely, the frequency domain method and the time domain method.
Problems and prospects for laser treatment of coronary atherosclerosis (1994)

An analysis of the technical problems involved indicates that the use of lasers in the vascular system remains a complex problem, but one that is eminently approachable with continued research. The emphasis should be on continued basic research rather than on the accumulation of large clinical experiences with less than adequate technology. There is great potential for the development of a percutaneous treatment for coronary artery disease that may reduce restenosis rates compared to those seen with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. Development of an effective percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease with long term durability is critical to the advancement of interventional cardiology.
Verfahren zur Lösung von hybriden Optimalsteuerungsproblemen und deren Anwendung auf den Betrieb von Hybridfahrzeugen (2013)

Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag werden Algorithmen zur Approximation einer Lösung von Optimalsteuerungsproblemen (OSP) für hybride Systeme vorgeschlagen. Die Algorithmen eignen sich dabei für hybride OSPs unterschiedlicher Komplexität. Ein Beispiel für ein solches hybrides System stellen parallele Hybridfahrzeuge dar, die sowohl kontinuierliche Freiheitsgrade, als auch diskrete Freiheitsgrade aufweisen. Der kraftstoffoptimale Betrieb eines Hybridfahrzeuges kann daher als hybrides OSP formuliert werden. Die Anwendbarkeit der vorgeschlagenen Algorithmen wird anhand dieses Beispiels demonstriert.
Spectral plasmonic effect in the nano-cavity of dye-doped nanosphere-based photonic crystals (2016)

We demonstrated three-dimensional PMMA-based photonic crystal (3D-PC) nanostructures attached to Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), which undergo self-organization into super lattice planes and enhance the fluorescence properties. This new structure exhibited interesting tunable spectral, peak broadening plasmonic behavior because of strong plasmonic interaction at high laser powers. The presented work provides an important tool to improve the efficiency of dye laser applications.
Benzoxazine-based phosphinated bisphenols and their application in preparing flame-retardant, low dielectric cyanate ester thermosets (2012)

This work reveals a facile, one-pot synthesis of phosphinated bisphenols (1–2) from a nucleophilic addition of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) to diaminophenylmethane- and diaminophenylether-based benzoxazines (P-ddm and P-oda). A reaction mechanism including active hydrogen abstraction, ring-opening, and nucleophilic addition was proposed for the synthesis. Phosphinated dicyanate esters (3–4) were prepared based on bisphenols (1–2), and were copolymerized with a commercially available dicyanate ester of bisphenol A (BACY). The properties such as glass transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal decomposition temperature, water absorption, and flame retardancy of the resulting thermosets were evaluated. Experimental data show that incorporating (3–4) into BACY enhances the flame retardancy, dimensional stability and dielectric properties with small penalty to the thermal properties. A thermoset with Tg 241 °C, CTE 50 ppm per °C, Dk 3.01 (1 GHz), Td (5%), N2: 407 °C, and UL-94 V-0 rating can be achieved via this approach.
The Molecular Weight Dependence of Thermoelectric Properties of Poly (3-Hexylthiophene) (2020)

Organic materials have been found to be promising candidates for low-temperature thermoelectric applications. In particular, poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been attracting great interest due to its desirable intrinsic properties, such as excellent solution processability, chemical and thermal stability, and high field-effect mobility. However, its poor electrical conductivity has limited its application as a thermoelectric material. It is therefore important to improve the electrical conductivity of P3HT layers. In this work, we studied how molecular weight (MW) influences the thermoelectric properties of P3HT films. The films were doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide salt (LiTFSI) and 4-tert butylpyridine (TBP). Various P3HT layers with different MWs ranging from 21 to 94 kDa were investigated. UV-Vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis were performed to investigate the morphology and structure features of thin films with different MWs. The electrical conductivity initially increased when the MW increased and then decreased at the highest MW, whereas the Seebeck coefficient had a trend of reducing as the MW grew. The maximum thermoelectric power factor (1.87 μW/mK<sup>2</sup>) was obtained for MW of 77 kDa at 333 K. At this temperature, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of this MW were 65.5 S/m and 169 μV/K, respectively.
Smart Design for Potentiometric Detection (2015)

Abstract This new design of potentiometric sensor involves 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) evaporated onto a gold layer sputtered onto the surface of a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane based on a pH indicator. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of the pH indicator in close contact with the sputtered gold layer, and the covalent fixing of MPBA molecules onto this gold layer. The changes in pH resulting from the interaction between MBPA and the model saccharide (glucose) are reflected in the changes in the membrane capacitance and the potentiometric signal. The potentiometric sensor responds over the concentration range from 0.3 to 29.7 mM glucose.
A Switch and Wave of Neuronal Activity in the Cerebral Cortex During the First Second of Conscious Perception (2017)

Conscious perception occurs within less than 1 s. To study events on this time scale we used direct electrical recordings from the human cerebral cortex during a conscious visual perception task. Faces were presented at individually titrated visual threshold for 9 subjects while measuring broadband 40-115 Hz gamma power in a total of 1621 intracranial electrodes widely distributed in both hemispheres. Surface maps and k-means clustering analysis showed initial activation of visual cortex for both perceived and non-perceived stimuli. However, only stimuli reported as perceived then elicited a forward-sweeping wave of activity throughout the cerebral cortex accompanied by large-scale network switching. Specifically, a monophasic wave of broadband gamma activation moves through bilateral association cortex at a rate of approximately 150 mm/s and eventually reenters visual cortex for perceived but not for non-perceived stimuli. Meanwhile, the default mode network and the initial visual cortex and higher association cortex networks are switched off for the duration of conscious stimulus processing. Based on these findings, we propose a new "switch-and-wave" model for the processing of consciously perceived stimuli. These findings are important for understanding normal conscious perception and may also shed light on its vulnerability to disruption by brain disorders.
Variable- and Fixed-Length Balanced Runlength-Limited Codes Based on a Knuth-Like Balancing Method (2019)

A novel Knuth-like balancing method for runlength-limited words is presented, which forms the basis of new variable- and fixed-length balanced runlength-limited codes that improve on the code rate as compared to balanced runlength-limited codes based on Knuth's original balancing procedure developed by Immink et al. While Knuth's original balancing procedure, as incorporated by Immink et al., requires the inversion of each bit one at a time, our balancing procedure only inverts the runs as a whole one at a time. The advantage of this approach is that the number of possible inversion points, which needs to be encoded by a redundancy-contributing prefix/suffix, is reduced, thereby allowing a better code rate to be achieved. Furthermore, this balancing method also allows for runlength violating markers which improve, in a number of respects, on the optimal such markers based on Knuth's original balancing method.
0.18-μm Light-Harvesting Battery-Assisted Charger–Supply CMOS System (2015)

Wireless microsensors in hospitals, factories, and farms can manage and save lives and resources. Although tiny batteries cannot sustain them for long, harvesters can because ambient energy is abundant. Photovoltaic cells are popular in this regard because they output close to 100× more power from solar light than piezoelectric, electrostatic, and thermoelectric generators can from motion and heat. However, since mm cells can only supply μW's of the mW's that microsystems can draw, and light is not always available, battery assistance is necessary. So to supply functions and sustain operation across extended periods, the system should extract maximum ambient power, draw minimal battery assistance, and deliver as much power as possible. The 0.18-μm CMOS harvester presented here does this, draws 10-100 μW from a 3 × 3 × 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> cell and assistance from a battery to supply a 1-mW load and recharge the battery with excess cell power. The switched-inductor charger supply regulates 1 V within ±25 mV with 73-86% power-conversion efficiency and keeps the cell within 1% of its maximum power point. This way, the cell outputs 100 μW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> from solar light and 1 μW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> from direct indoor light.
Prevalencia serológica del virus de influenza A en cerdos en Argentina durante la temporada 2002: Evaluación mediante inhibición de la hemaglutinación y ELISA (2010)

Se evaluó la prevalencia serológica del virus de influenza mediante las pruebas de inhibición de la hemaglutinación (IHA) y ELISA para los subtipos H1N1 y H3N2 en 13 granjas porcinas de Argentina. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos mediante ambas pruebas en términos individuales y de establecimientos. La prevalencia individual por la técnica de IHA fue de 38,46% a 100% para H1 y de 7,69% a 100% para H3. Por la técnica de ELISA, la prevalencia individual fue de 2,33% a 6,9% para H1 y de 9,65% a 48% para H3. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambas técnicas a escala de granja (H1: p=0,20; H3: p=0,11). La concordancia entre las pruebas fue nula al tomar como unidad de referencia el animal (H1: 0,005; H3: 0,070), mientras que en términos de establecimiento fue escasa (H1: 0,350; H3: 0,235). Considerando la alta prevalencia individual obtenida por la prueba de IHA y la alta sensibilidad de esta técnica, se podría sugerir que en las poblaciones porcinas de la Argentina circularon cepas virales humanas o cepas porcinas con gran proximidad filogenética a las utilizadas en este estudio desde el año 2002.
Construction in space - Toward a fresh definition of the man/machine relation (1979)

The EVA (extravehicular activity) project forming part of the space construction process is reviewed. The manual EVA constuction, demonstrated by the crew of Skylab 3 by assembling a modest space structure in the form of the twin-pole sunshade, is considered, indicating that the experiment dispelled many doubts about man's ability to execute routine and contingency EVA operations. Tests demonstrating the feasibility of remote teleoperator rendezvous, station keeping, and docking operations, using hand controllers for direct input and television for feedback, are noted. Future plans for designing space construction machines are mentioned.
The Use of Transducer‐Tipped Ultrasound Catheter for Recanalization of Thrombotic Arterial Occlusions (2001)

Ultrasound energy is currently being used and intensively investigated for recanalization of thrombotically occluded arteries. The ultrasonic energy is mainly applied either by a transcutaneous approach or by a percutaneous approach through a catheter with an external ultrasound transducer. Catheter‐delivered transducer‐tipped ultrasound thrombolysis is a new and innovative method. In this article we summarize the current available data on the use of this new type of catheter and discuss future directions and clinical applications.
Big Five Personality Traits Influence Tinnitus Improvement Over Time (2019)

ABSTRACT Previous studies investigating the relation between personality and tinnitus distress showed that high neuroticism and low extraversion scores are related to higher tinnitus distress measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ). However, little is known about the role of personality on tinnitus distress over time. We collected the THI, TQ and Big Five Factor Index 2 of 388 patients who visited the Tinnitus Center Regensburg between 2012 and 2017, and filled in a survey with the same questionnaires in 2018. We used personality traits and facets to predict tinnitus distress cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Neuroticism and extraversion were significant predictors of THI and TQ scores in cross-sectional linear regression setups, and could explain up to 40% of the variance. However, the linear regressions could explain only little variance of both THI and TQ longitudinally. We clustered patients in three groups based in the difference THI and TQ between the two assessments: “clinically improved”, “clinically stable” and “clinically worsened”. The patients in the “clinically improved” and “clinically stable” groups scored statistically significantly lower in neuroticism and higher in extraversion than patients in the group “clinically worsened”. We observed a similar trend among patients who tried at least one clinical treatment. Our results suggest that personality traits, namely neuroticism and extraversion, are relevant markers of tinnitus distress over time and could be used to statistically distinguish patient groups with clinically relevant changes of tinnitus distress. These markers could inform both treatment responses from clinical studies and future choices on more efficient individual tinnitus treatments.
Effects of Renal Denervation on Heart Failure Biomarkers and Blood Pressure in Patients with Resistant Hypertension (2016)

In this multicenter analysis RDN did significantly reduce systolic BP. However, NT-proBNP, ST-2, galectin-3 and hs-TnI did not correspond to BP reduction 6 months after RDN.
Ghrelin Promotes Functional Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Critical Limb Ischemia Through Activation of Proangiogenic MicroRNAs (2015)

Current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI) have only limited success. Recent in vitro evidence in the literature, using cell lines, proposes that the peptide hormone ghrelin may have angiogenic properties. In this study, we aim to investigate if ghrelin could promote postischemic angiogenesis in a mouse model of CLI and, further, identify the mechanistic pathway(s) that underpin ghrelin's proangiogenic properties. CLI was induced in male CD1 mice by femoral artery ligation. Animals were then randomized to receive either vehicle or acylated ghrelin (150 μg/kg sc) for 14 consecutive days. Subsequently, synchrotron radiation microangiography was used to assess hindlimb perfusion. Subsequent tissue samples were collected for molecular and histological analysis. Ghrelin treatment markedly improved limb perfusion by promoting the generation of new capillaries and arterioles (internal diameter less than 50 μm) within the ischemic hindlimb that were both structurally and functionally normal; evident by robust endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine. Molecular analysis revealed that ghrelin's angiogenic properties were linked to activation of prosurvival Akt/vascular endothelial growth factor/Bcl-2 signaling cascade, thus reducing the apoptotic cell death and subsequent fibrosis. Further, ghrelin treatment activated proangiogenic (miR-126 and miR-132) and antifibrotic (miR-30a) microRNAs (miRs) while inhibiting antiangiogenic (miR-92a and miR-206) miRs. Importantly, in vitro knockdown of key proangiogenic miRs (miR-126 and miR-132) inhibited the angiogenic potential of ghrelin. These results therefore suggest that clinical use of ghrelin for the early treatment of CLI may be a promising and potent inducer of reparative vascularization through modulation of key molecular factors.
Effective Propagation of HPAM Solutions Through the Tambaredjo Reservoir During a Polymer Flood (2013)

Abstract Two new methods were developed for anaerobically sampling polymer solutions from production wells in the Sarah Maria polymer flood pilot project in Suriname. Whereas previous methods indicated severe polymer degradation, the improved methods revealed that the polymer propagated intact over 300 ft through the Tambaredjo formation. This finding substantially reduces concerns about HPAM stability and propagation through low- and moderate-temperature reservoirs. Analysis of produced salinity, polymer concentration, and viscosity indicated that the polymer banks retained low salinity and therefore high viscosity for much of the way through the Sarah Maria polymer flood pilot pattern. A strong shear- thickening rheology was observed for 1000-ppm and 1350-ppm HPAM solutions in porous media, even though the salinity was only 500 ppm TDS. Examination of injectivities revealed that these solutions were injected above the formation parting pressure in the Sarah Maria polymer injection wells. Analysis suggested that the fractures extended only a short distance (~20 ft) from the injection wells and did not jeopardize sweep efficiency. In contrast, the short fractures greatly improved polymer injectivity and reduced concern about polymer mechanical degradation.
&lt;title&gt;Turbo equalization and decoding for magnetic recording channels with signal-dependent noise&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

In high-density magnetic recording systems, long channel memories and strong signal dependent noise are the two main factors that degrade system performance. The equalized Lorentzian channel can be seen to be equivalent to a partial response channel. As the density becomes higher, the length of the partial response becomes longer which makes the problem of achieving low bit error rates more challenging. The turbo principle is very promising for such channels, since equalization and coding can be combined together seamlessly. For simplicity, a serially concatenated turbo code is used here. A recursive systematic convolutional code is used as the outer code while the inner code is the modified partial response channel. In decoding, two a posteriori probability (APP) detectors are connected to form a loop. The outer code APP detector takes the output of the inner code APP detector as its input and then feeds back its output as the new input to inner code APP detector. This decoding procedure is carried on in an iterative manner. In decoding, it is often assumed that the noise component is white Gaussian for simplicity. We will consider signal dependent noise because it has the dominant effect when the recording density is high. We will demonstrate the improvement in bit error rate over the scheme that assumes white Gaussian noise.
Fault Prediction of a Heavy Oil Combined Heat and Power Boiler Using Machine Learning (2020)

중유를 연료로 사용하고 있는 150t/h급 발전용 보일러에서 1) 주증기 과열로 인한 디슈퍼히터 스팀 사용량 증가, 2) 공기예열기 차압이 증가하는 문제가 발생하였다. 주증기 과열이 되어 디슈퍼히터 스팀이 증가하는 원인으로는 보일러 연소기 연소실에 슬래깅(또는 파울링)이 발생하여 보일러 주 전열면에 충분한 열전달이 되지 않아 슈퍼히터로 고온의 연소가스가 전달되어 문제가 발생한 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 문제 원인을 추정하기 위해 사용된 연료, 운전 데이터를 분석하였다. 또한 향후에 유사한 문제가 발생하였을 때 문제 진행 중 문제 발생을 파악할 수 있도록 고장 예지 방법을 도출하였다. 마할라 노비스 거리를 이용한 고장 예지 방법을 사용하였을 때 문제 발생 초기(약 5일 이내)에 고장이 발생하고 있다는 것을 감지할 수 있었다.