gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate of manganese solution in the surface layer of metals (2011)

When metal melt is discharged into the ladle, the metal surface is constantly renewed, on account of the fluxes that form. Calculations show that the manganese formed in direct alloying may modify the surface layer of the metal melt. (In certain conditions, sulfides are formed thanks to the sulfur dissolved in the metallic melt.) The efficiency of this process increases with increase in ladle radius and the discharge time, since the depth of the active zone declines.
Merging augmented reality and anatomically correct 3D models in the development of a training tool for endotracheal intubation (2003)

Augmented reality is often used for medical training systems in which the user visualizes 3D information superimposed on the real world. In this context, we introduce a augmented reality tool to train the medical practitioner hand-eye coordination in performing critical procedures such as endotracheal intubation.
A predicted structure of NADPH Oxidase 1 identifies key components of ROS generation and strategies for inhibition (2023)

NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) is primarily expressed in epithelial cells and responsible for local generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By specifically manipulating the local redox microenvironment, NOX1 actively engages in epithelial immunity, especially in colorectal and pulmonary epithelia. To unravel the structural basis of NOX1 engaged epithelial immune processes, a predicted structure model was established using RaptorX deep learning models. The predicted structure model illustrates a 6-transmembrane domain structure, a FAD binding domain, and an NADPH binding/NOXO1 interacting region. The substrate/cofactor binding scheme with respect to this proposed model highly correlates with published reports and is verified in our site-directed mutagenesis assays. An electron transport chain, from NADPH to FAD and the two heme groups, was well supported by the predicted model. Through molecular docking analysis of various small molecule NOX1 inhibitors and subsequent experimental validation, we identified pronounced active sites for potent NOX1 inhibition. Specifically, LEU60, VAL71, MET181, LEU185, HIS208, PHE211, TYR214, and TYR280 in the transmembrane domain form an active pocket for insertion of the small molecule inhibitors to inhibit electron transfer between the heme groups, thus affecting extracellular ROS generation. Altogether, our study provides structural information to help elucidate the role of NOX1 in epithelial generation of ROS and sheds light on the development of therapeutics for NOX1 related illnesses.
Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of aromatic acids with aryl halides or unactivated arenes using microwave heating (2008)

Microwave heating greatly accelerates Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of aromatic acids and aryl iodides, and allows the coupling of benzoic acids with unactivated arenes.
Reliability and correlation of fMRI, ECoG and EEG during natural stimulus processing (2017)

Human brain mapping relies heavily on fMRI, ECoG and EEG, which capture different physiological signals. Relationships between these signals have been established in the context of specific tasks or during resting state, often using spatially confined concurrent recordings in animals. But it is not certain whether these correlations generalize to other contexts relevant for human cognitive neuroscience. Here, we address the case of complex naturalistic stimuli and ask two basic questions. First, how reliable are the responses evoked by a naturalistic audio-visual stimulus in each of these imaging methods, and second, how similar are stimulus-related responses across methods? To this end, we investigated a wide range of brain regions and frequency bands. We presented the same movie clip twice to three different cohorts of subjects (N EEG = 45, N fMRI = 11, N ECoG = 5) and assessed stimulus-driven correlations across viewings and between imaging methods, thereby ruling out task-irrelevant confounds. All three imaging methods had similar repeat-reliability across viewings when fMRI and EEG data were averaged across subjects, highlighting the potential to achieve large signal-to-noise ratio by leveraging large sample sizes. The fMRI signal correlated positively with high-frequency ECoG power across multiple task-related cortical structures but positively with low-frequency EEG and ECoG power. In contrast to previous studies, these correlations were as strong for low-frequency as for high frequency ECoG. We also observed links between fMRI and infra-slow EEG voltage fluctuations. These results extend previous findings to the case of natural stimulus processing.
Es-Trng: A High-Throughput, Low-Area True Random Number Generator Based On Edge Sampling (2018)

In this paper we present a novel true random number generator based on high-precision edge sampling. We use two novel techniques to increase the throughput and reduce the area of the proposed randomness source: variable-precision phase encoding and repetitive sampling. The first technique consists of encoding the oscillator phase with high precision in the regions around the signal edges and with low precision everywhere else. This technique results in a compact implementation at the expense of reduced entropy in some samples. The second technique consists of repeating the sampling at high frequency until the phase region encoded with high precision is captured. This technique ensures that only the high-entropy bits are sent to the output. The combination of the two proposed techniques results in a secure TRNG, which suits both ASIC and FPGA implementations. The core part of the proposed generator is implemented with 10 look-up tables (LUTs) and 5 flip-flops (FFs) of a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA, and achieves a throughput of 1.15 Mbps with 0.997 bits of Shannon entropy. On Intel Cyclone V FPGAs, this implementation uses 10 LUTs and 6 FFs, and achieves a throughput of 1.07 Mbps. This TRNG design is supported by a stochastic model and a formal security evaluation.
Effect of masterbatch drying methods on the properties of rubber reinforced with renewable hydrophilic filler (2021)

Hydrophilic fillers contain functional groups capable of forming hydrogen and/or ionic bonds. Many recent developments with biobased fillers are masterbatch process with rubber latex. The effect of the different process influences the characteristics of filler network and therefore rubber properties. In this study, the rubbers reinforced with hydrophilic filler, soy protein particles, and carbon black processed in two different methods, casting and freeze-drying methods, are investigated using crosslink density, dynamic mechanical properties, stress softening effect, stress relaxation, tensile properties, and thermal degradation. Stress softening effect is analyzed with the Kraus model and shows that the characteristic strains shifted to smaller strains for the rubbers prepared by a casting process. Stress relaxation of the reinforced rubber prepared from the two different processes shows that the rubbers from the casting process have slower relaxation rates because of higher crosslink density and modulus. Overall, the rubber composites prepared by casting method have higher crosslink density, greater softening effect, slower rate of stress relaxation, and higher moduli attributed to greater interactions between hydrophilic components in the reinforced rubber.
Hetero-oligomerisation of plant plasma membrane aquaporins (2011)

Aquaporins are water channels present in biological membranes. They assemble as tetramers but monomers are the functional units. Among plant aquaporins, the Plasma membrane Intrinsic Proteins (or PIPs) cluster in two groups (PIP1 and PIP2) exhibiting different water channel activity when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Interestingly, PIP1 and PIP2 proteins form heterotetramers resulting in regulation of their localisation and transport activity (Fetter et al., 2004 ; Zelazny et al., 2007; Bellati et al., 2010 ; Otto et al., 2010). We also showed that PIP heterotetramers is composed by two homodimers. However, less is known concerning the interacting motifs between monomers. We focused on maize ZmPIP1;2 and ZmPIP2;5 heterotetramers and generated models of the complex by satisfaction of spatial restraints, using the Modeller program (Eswar et al., 2006). Models were then analysed using the Protein Interaction Calculator tool (Tina et al., 2007) and we identified putative important interacting residues between monomers. Some of them were mutated and the proteins expressed in Xenopus oocytes to carry out swelling experiments. Preliminary experiments allowed us to identify several residues in ZmPIP2;5 and ZmPIP1;2 that had an impact on the water permeability of the cell membrane.
Single Molecule Polymer Force Studies by AFM (2004)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has provided a new and powerful tool in the investigation of single atoms, molecules and their interactions. Single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is a force measurement based on AFM. A review is given on the development of single molecule polymer force studies by AFM-based SMFS in recent years.
Shape Optimization of Cooling Channels Using Genetic Algorithms (1997)

A shape optimization method for convective cooling channels within a two-dimensional heat conduction region is presented. This method combines genetic algorithms with a point heat sink approach that is used to model the heat removal of the cooling channels during the optimization process. The method can be easily combined with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for the calculation of the optimized temperature field distribution.
Atypical protein kinase C‐ζ modulates clonogenicity, motility, and secretion of proteolytic enzymes in murine mammary cells (2004)

In this paper, we investigated whether protein kinase C-zeta (PKC zeta), a member of the atypical PKC family, induces phenotypic alterations associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression in mammary cells. The stable overexpression of PKC zeta in immortalized mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG), activates the mitogenic extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, enhanced clonal cell growth and exerts profound effects on proteases secretion. The effect on proteases expression seems to be specific for urokinase-type plasminogen activator and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) because no modulation in MMP-2 and MMP-3 production could be detected. In addition, our experiments demonstrated that PKC zeta overexpression markedly altered the adhesive, spreading, and migratory abilities of NMuMG cells. The overexpression of this enzyme was not sufficient to confer an anchorage-independent growth capacity. An extensive mutational analysis of PKC zeta revealed that the effects observed in NMuMG cells were strictly dependent on the kinase (catalytic) domain of the enzyme. Taken together, these results suggest that in mammary cells PKC zeta modulates several of the critical events involved in tumor development and dissemination through the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathway.
Author Correction: Multi-omics analysis of multiple missions to space reveal a theme of lipid dysregulation in mouse liver (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Àrees funcionals a la vegueria de Girona: una primera aproximació (1981)

El present treball es I'avanc d'una investigacio mes amplia que actualment realitza I'lnstitut Universitari d'Estudis Territorials als centres de Bellaterra i de Girona. Es tracta d'un estudi de delimitacio de les Brees funcionals a Catalunya, del qual tot seguit en referirem els seus trets definitoris*. Les caracteristiques del treball sobre la regio de Girona que despres presentem ha d'entendre's dintre de les coordenades que tracarem en aquesta introduccio. L'objectiu de la investigacio es fonamentalment la descoberta de I'estructura dels espais de consum del sector terciari a Catalunya a traves de la seva formalitzacio empirica. En aquest sentit, el coneixement de les relacions entre les localitats catalanes i dels ambits dinamics atribu'ibles a cadascuna d'elles, com a centres funcionals constituira una aproximacio a la realitat espacihl per mitja de la seva comprensio teorica. Aquesta interpretacio teorica de la realitat empirica possibilitara la projeccio dels resultats de la investigacio cap a la seva aplicacio practica. En primer Iloc, el treball pot fornir uns elements de judici valids sobre com s'articula I'espai de Catalunya als redactors del seu futur Pla Director Territorial. En segon Iloc, la tipologia funcional de les localitats pot constituir una base operativa per a I'establiment de la nova Divisio Territorial de Catalunya. No caldria recordar que, en cap cas, els nostres resultats poden substituir aquests dos documents basics per a I'ordenacio territorial del nostre pais. Mes aviat creiem que sera un pas previ important per a la seva futura redaccio. En el marc de realitzacio de treballs analitics que siguin utilitzables pel planejament territorial, I'equip que composa I'I.U.E.T. es proposa aprofundir els resultats d'aquest estudi, ja que en un pais de llarga historia industrial, apareix com a insuficient la deduccio d'una estructura territorial basada exclusivament en les activitats no produc-
The Evolution of Endothelial Regulatory Paradigms in Cancer Biology and Vascular Repair (2011)

Although the roles of endothelial cells in cancer have primarily been considered to be related to tumor perfusion, the emerging appreciation of “angiocrine” regulation adds stromal regulatory capabilities to the expanding list of endothelial functions in tumors. We posit that an understanding of the state-dependent paracrine regulatory paradigms established in vascular disease and repair will be critical for a deep understanding of tumor biology, as endothelial cells regulate diverse processes in all vascularized tissues. Here, we outline the historical developments that led to the appreciation of the paracrine regulatory functions of endothelial cells, summarize classical views of blood vessels and stroma in cancer, and attempt to merge these ideas to include the stromal regulatory endothelial cell as a critical regulator of cancer. The notion of the endothelial cell as a biochemical regulator of cancer state in constant dynamic balance with its tumor could impact diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Such concepts might well explain the mixed results from antiangiogenic cancer therapeutics and how certain drugs that improve vascular health correlate with improved cancer prognosis.
Hard questions for soft robotics (2021)

The establishment of a new academic field is often characterized by a phase of rapid growth, as seen over the last decade in the field of soft robotics. However, such growth can be followed by an equally rapid decline if concerted efforts are not made by the community. Here, we argue that for soft robotics to take root and have impact in the next decade, we must move beyond "soft for soft's sake" and ensure that each study makes a meaningful contribution to the field and, ideally, to robotics and engineering more broadly. We present a three-tiered categorization to help researchers and reviewers evaluate work and guide studies toward higher levels of contribution. We ground this categorization with historical examples of soft solutions outside of robotics that were transformative. We believe that the proposed self-reflection is essential if soft robotics is to be an impactful field in the next decade, advancing robotics and engineering both within and beyond academia and creating soft solutions that are quantitatively superior to the current state of the art-soft, rigid, or otherwise.
Definite Integral of Algebraic, Exponential and Hyperbolic Functions Expressed in Terms of Special Functions (2020)

While browsing through the famous book of Bierens de Haan, we came across a table with some very interesting integrals. These integrals also appeared in the book of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik. Derivation of these integrals are not listed in the current literature to best of our knowledge. The derivation of such integrals in the book of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik in terms of closed form solutions is pertinent. We evaluate several of these definite integrals of the form ∫0∞(a+y)k−(a−y)keby−1dy, ∫0∞(a+y)k−(a−y)keby+1dy, ∫0∞(a+y)k−(a−y)ksinh(by)dy and ∫0∞(a+y)k+(a−y)kcosh(by)dy in terms of a special function where k, a and b are arbitrary complex numbers.
Deblending by Using Ghost (2016)

Summary The source ghost introduced by the sea surface reflection is usually considered noise which needs to be removed before imaging. We propose to utilize the source ghost in deblending as a natural blending code such that the end result is both deblended and deghosted. This method is easy to combine with other temporal source codes and provides an interesting alternative to deal with the current depth distributed source for a broadband solution. In this abstract, we discuss how to use the source ghosts in the case of lateral blending and vertical blending to deblend and deghost with illustrations of simple synthetic models. We applied the method to field data where two sources are blended in the same lateral position but at different depths. The results obtained show that it is possible to deblend and deghost in one step in the variable depth source setting.
Toward the Cure of HIV-1 Infection: Lessons Learned and Yet to be Learned as New Strategies are Developed (2018)

Here, we review the progress that has been made in achieving a cure of HIV-1 infection. To date, this has only occurred in one person after he received allogeneic stem cell transplants from a CCR5 ∆32 homozygous donor in addition to chemotherapy and radiation to treat his acute myelocytic leukemia. The general consensus is that achieving a sustained remission of infection in the absence of antiretroviral therapy will involve a combination of strategies that involve both the targeting of the latent proviral genome and the induction of more effective anti-HIV-1 immune responses. Efforts to reverse HIV-1 proviral DNA integration in the host cell genome and those to enhance anti-HIV immunity have been disappointing thus far. The lack of clinically validated assays to measure both effects has hampered the development of effective therapies. We suggest the consideration of genome editing as a new approach to reduce the latently integrated proviral genome. In addition, new approaches to therapeutic immunization, alterations of immunoregulatory pathways, anti-HIV-1 antibodies, and anti-HIV-1 chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocytes are in development.
Figure S3 from Phase II Clinical Trial of Multiple Peptide Vaccination for Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients Revealed Induction of Immune Responses and Improved OS (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3. Analysis of the frequency of Treg cells in the 5 vaccinated patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Data from Dual MAPK Inhibition Is an Effective Therapeutic Strategy for a Subset of Class II BRAF Mutant Melanomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Dual MAPK pathway inhibition (dMAPKi) with BRAF and MEK inhibitors improves survival in BRAF V600E/K mutant melanoma, but the efficacy of dMAPKi in non-V600 BRAF mutant tumors is poorly understood. We sought to characterize the responsiveness of class II (enhanced kinase activity, dimerization dependent) BRAF mutant melanoma to dMAPKi.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Tumors from patients with BRAF wild-type (WT), V600E (class I), and L597S (class II) metastatic melanoma were used to generate patient-derived xenografts (PDX). We assembled a panel of melanoma cell lines with class IIa (activation segment) or IIb (p-loop) mutations and compared these with WT or V600E/K BRAF mutant cells. Cell lines and PDXs were treated with BRAFi (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, encorafenib, and LY3009120), MEKi (cobimetinib, trametinib, and binimetinib), or the combination. We identified 2 patients with BRAF L597S metastatic melanoma who were treated with dMAPKi.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;BRAFi impaired MAPK signaling and cell growth in class I and II BRAF mutant cells. dMAPKi was more effective than either single MAPKi at inhibiting cell growth in all class II BRAF mutant cells tested. dMAPKi caused tumor regression in two melanoma PDXs with class II BRAF mutations and prolonged survival of mice with class II BRAF mutant melanoma brain metastases. Two patients with BRAF L597S mutant melanoma clinically responded to dMAPKi.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Class II BRAF mutant melanoma is growth inhibited by dMAPKi. Responses to dMAPKi have been observed in 2 patients with class II BRAF mutant melanoma. These data provide rationale for clinical investigation of dMAPKi in patients with class II BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Johnson and Dahlman, p. 6107&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Single-molecule mobility and spectral measurements in submicrometer fluidic channels (2005)

Electrophoretic mobility differences of biological molecules are frequently exploited to physically separate and subsequently identify the components of a mixture. We present a method to rapidly identify single molecules by measuring both their mobility and fluorescence emission under continuous flow without separation. Submicrometer fluidic channels were used to detect individual nucleic-acid-engineered fluorescent labels driven electrokinetically in free solution. Two separate focal volumes along the length of the fluidic channel collected spectral, spatial, and temporal information from the passage of fluorescent labels through the channel. One focal volume was defined by a focused 488-nm-wavelength laser and the other by a focused 568-nm laser. The subfemtoliter focal volumes resulted in signal-to-noise ratios sufficient for single-fluorophore detection, and the two excitation wavelengths enabled detection of multicolor fluorescent labels and discrimination of single-color detection events. Each fluorescent label was uniformly excited and analyzed as it passed through the channel. Flow control facilitated high throughput at low concentrations, as well as a balance of several experimental parameters. Two fluorescent labels were considered for identification by single-molecule mobility measurements. Approximately 81% of fluorescent labels of one variety and 77% of the other were found to be identifiable based on their mobility alone. As implemented, this method could be used in conjunction with spectral analysis of fluorescent labels to enhance the resolution of single-molecule identification. Ultimately, this technique could be used autonomously to detect biomolecules bound to fluorescent labels and to identify similarly labeled biomolecules by their mobility.
User-Centric Seamless Handover Scheme for Real-Time Applications in Heterogeneous Networks (2009)

The authors propose a user-centric seamless handover (HO) scheme, which is a kind of a vertical HO from a new perspective, toward a next generation network where heterogeneous access networks converge. The users' experience-oriented scheme allows users to enjoy the optimal service quality for real-time applications in respective access networks. In addition, the scheme sustains on-going sessions during the vertical HO. The proposed scheme consists of two methods — the bicasting of Different Quality-level Streams (DiffQS) and the Delay Difference Absorption (DDA) method. Initially, the authors propose two plausible methods for the SIP-based bicasting of DiffQS. This document introduces a SIP-capable network element named the HO Assistive Server (HOAS). HOAS controls bicasting of DiffQS and provides users with the optimal service quality for real-time applications via respective access networks as well as avoiding packet loss during HO. The DDA method is also proposed to prevent a service interruption and smoothly continue a real-time service during HO. Evaluation results show that the scheme achieves the seamless service continuity from the users' perspective for HO between cellular and high-speed wireless access via the implementation of a prototype system.