gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-term effects of bisphosphonates on the biomechanical properties of canine bone (1999)

Periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening of total joint replacements are believed to be initiated often by abnormal bone resorption induced by prosthetic wear debris. Bisphosphonates can inhibit bone resorption and have been successfully used clinically to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease. In a recent study it also was shown that a third generation bisphosphonate (alendronate) is effective in preventing wear debris-induced periprosthetic osteolysis. Since inhibition of bone resorption by alendronate may disrupt the delicate balance between bone resorption and formation in normal bone remodeling, it is possible that continuous alendronate therapy may have an adverse effect on the biomechanical properties of bone. Thus the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of systemic alendronate administration on the biomechanical properties of normal bone using a canine total hip arthroplasty model. We evaluated the biomechanical properties of femora from canines that had received total hip replacements on one side and had been given oral alendronate daily for 23 weeks. The biomechanical properties assessed were fracture toughness, elastic modulus, tensile strength, microhardness, porosity, and weight fractions of the mineral and organic phases of bone. Also, bone microstructure was examined using optical microscopy. Our results indicate that in the short term alendronate therapy does not have any adverse effects on the intrinsic biomechanical properties of canine bone. However, the long-term effects of alendronate therapy still need to be investigated.
Electromagnetic analysis of effective anisotropic material parameters for metal dummies in a CMOS chip (2012)

Equivalent anisotropic material parameters for metal dummies in a CMOS chip are extracted using eigenmode analysis for a unit-cell of a space filled with metal dummies. For verification, a space filled with periodically arranged 5 μm × 5 μm aluminum dummy fills with area density of 25 % are numerically simulated. Anisotropic characteristics and higher effective permittivity, of about 20-75 %, are observed.
Beyond computer science (2005)

Computer science is necessary but not sufficient to understand and overcome the problems we face in software engineering. We need to understand not only the properties of the software itself, but also the limitations and competences humans bring to the engineering task. Rather than rely on commonsense notions, we need a deep and nuanced view of human capabilities in order to determine how to enhance them. I discuss what I regard as promising examples of cognitive and organizational theories and propose research directions to develop new ways of representing run-time behavior and ways of thinking about project coordination. I conclude with observations on creating an interdisciplinary culture.
A Comparison of Dose Metrics to Predict Local Tumor Control for Photofrin‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy (2017)

This preclinical study examines light fluence, photodynamic therapy (PDT) dose and "apparent reacted singlet oxygen," [<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>rx</sub> , to predict local control rate (LCR) for Photofrin-mediated PDT of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) tumors. Mice bearing RIF tumors were treated with in-air fluences (50-250 J cm<sup>-2</sup> ) and in-air fluence rates (50-150 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> ) at Photofrin dosages of 5 and 15 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> and a drug-light interval of 24 h using a 630-nm, 1-cm-diameter collimated laser. A macroscopic model was used to calculate [<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>rx</sub> and PDT dose based on in vivo explicit dosimetry of the drug concentration, light fluence and tissue optical properties. PDT dose and [<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>rx</sub> were defined as a temporal integral of drug concentration and fluence rate, and singlet oxygen concentration consumed divided by the singlet oxygen lifetime, respectively. LCR was stratified for different dose metrics for 74 mice (66 + 8 control). Complete tumor control at 14 days was observed for [<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>rx</sub> ≥ 1.1 mm or PDT dose ≥1200 μm J cm<sup>-2</sup> but cannot be predicted with fluence alone. LCR increases with increasing [<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>rx</sub> and PDT dose but is not well correlated with fluence. Comparing dosimetric quantities, [<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>rx</sub> outperformed both PDT dose and fluence in predicting tumor response and correlating with LCR.
Mode-Dependent Loss and Gain Estimation in SDM Transmission Based on MMSE Equalizers (2020)

The capacity in space division multiplexing (SDM) systems with coupled channels is fundamentally limited by mode-dependent loss (MDL) and mode-dependent gain (MDG) generated in components and amplifiers. In these systems, MDL/MDG must be accurately estimated for performance analysis and troubleshooting. Most recent demonstrations of SDM with coupled channels perform MDL/MDG estimation by digital signal processing (DSP) techniques based on the coefficients of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) adaptive equalizers. Although these methods provide a valid indication of the order of magnitude of the accumulated MDL/MDG over the link, MIMO equalizers are usually updated according to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, which is known to depend on the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, MDL/MDG estimation techniques based on the adaptive filter coefficients are also impaired by noise. In this article, we model analytically the influence of the SNR on DSP-based MDL/MDG estimation, and show that the technique is prone to errors. Based on the transfer function of MIMO MMSE equalizers, and assuming a known SNR, we calculate a correction factor that improves the estimation process in moderate levels of MDL/MDG and SNR. The correction factor is validated by simulation of a 6-mode long-haul transmission link, and experimentally using a 3-mode transmission link. The results confirm the limitations of the standard estimation method in scenarios of high additive noise and MDL/MDG, and indicate the correction factor as a possible solution in practical SDM scenarios.
Functional significance of the Fas molecule in naive lymphocytes (1996)

The Fas molecule mediates apoptotic signal in many cell types. Mouse mutations (lpr, lprcg, gld), which impair the function of Fas, cause spontaneous autoimmune disease. We generated Fas-deficient (Fas-/-) mice by homologous recombination. In embryonic stem cells Fas-/- mice developed lpr-like disease, confirming that the abnormality of Fas is causal in the lpr phenotype. We also made Fas-/- chimeric mice composed of a mixture of Fas+/+ and Fas-/- cells. The chimeric mice also showed the lpr phenotype. In Fas-/-, chimeric mice, the Fas-deficient population expanded progressively among mature T and B lymphocytes. The expansion of Fas-deficient lymphocytes occurred at the naive, pre-primed, lymphocyte stage. These results suggest that the Fas molecule functions not only after antigenic stimulation, as previously hypothesized, but also at the naive lymphocyte stage.
Intelligent Control Schemes for Maximum Power Extraction from Photovoltaic Arrays under Faults (2023)

Investigation of power output from PV arrays under different fault conditions is an essential task to enhance performance of a photovoltaic system under all operating conditions. Significant reduction in power output can occur during various PV faults such as module disconnection, bypass diode failure, bridge fault, and short circuit fault under non-uniform shading conditions. These PV faults may cause several peaks in the characteristics curve of PV arrays, which can lead to failure of the MPPT control strategy. In fact, impact of a fault can differ depending on the type of PV array, and it can make the control of the system more complex. Therefore, consideration of suitable PV arrays with an effective control design is necessary for maximum power output from a PV system. For this purpose, the proposed study presents a comparative study of two intelligent control schemes, i.e., fuzzy logic (FL) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), with a conventional control scheme known as perturb and observe (P&amp;O) for power extraction from a PV system. The comparative analysis is based on the performance of the control strategies under several faults and the types of PV modules, i.e., monocrystalline and thin-film PV arrays. In this study, numerical analysis for complex fault scenarios like multiple faults under partial shading have also been performed. Different from the previous literature, this study will reveal the performance of FL-, PSO-, and P&amp;O-based MPPT strategies to track maximum peak power during multiple severe fault conditions while considering the accuracy and fast-tracking efficiencies of the control techniques. A thorough analysis along with in-depth quantitative data are presented, confirming the superiority of intelligent control techniques under multiple faults and different PV types.
A Multimodal 3D Imaging Study of Natural Gas Flow in Tight Sands (2011)

Abstract Pore scale phenomena, especially in multi-phase flow, have a strong impact on the mechanisms and efficiency of gas recovery. We studied the impact of the pore space geometry on single- and two-phase flow properties of tight-sands. X-ray computed tomography (CT) and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), along with other imaging tools provide insights into pore structure at multiple scales. Segmented micron-scale resolution CT 3D images were used as input data for simulations based on the Maximal Inscribes Spheres (MIS) method. Finite-difference flow simulations of creeping flow on MIS-evaluated equilibrium fluid distribution predict of the relative permeability curves as functions of saturation. A pore-scale model of two-phase gas flow accounts for condensate dropout based on thermodynamic equilibrium. The pore-scale analysis results are applied in optimal-control model of wet gas flow with liquid skin. This study leads to the following conclusions: (a) the estimated minimal wetting fluid threshold saturation, at which the gas phase is disconnected, is much lower than that for conventional sandstones; (b) pore-scale flow simulations suggest that in imbibition, the gas and brine (or other wetting fluid) can block the other phase's flow ("Permeability Jail"), where the blockage of gas is of capillary nature, and the blockage of liquid phase is dynamic; (c) pore-scale simulations of drainage do not show mutual blockage of the fluids; (d) the rate of the local condensate dropout is proportional to the dot product of the local flow velocity and pressure gradient; (e) upscaling of conclusion (d) to Darcy scale leads to condensate dropout rate proportional to the pressure gradient; (f) the optimal-control model suggests that gas well production-rate control may have potential for considerably increasing the total gas recovery.
Post-injection transmission scans in a PET camera operating without septa with simultaneous measurement of emission activity contamination (1996)

The authors report on methods developed to reliably perform attenuation correction by post-injection transmission in a volume imaging PET scanner. The method directly measures the emission contamination during the transmission study, using a virtual transmission source position offset by 200 from the actual /sup 68/Ge transition source. Events are recorded only if they meet a co-linearity requirement with either the real or virtual source position. The simultaneous measurements of the emission contamination and transmission data remove the need for complex corrections to the emission data and are not subject to activity redistributions between emission and transmission scans performed sequentially. Correction is, necessary, however, for the extra deadtime that varies with the amount of emission activity in the FOV. The extra deadtime is determined from a lookup table of deadtime as a function of detector countrates, which are recorded during the study. The lookup table is based upon phantom measurements. Using patient and phantom data, with both preand post-injection transmission measurements, this method is shown to be reliable for attenuation correction in the body. In addition, it enables the calculation of Standardised Uptake Values for analyzing tumor activity.
Time-resolved measurements of stress effects on solid-phase epitaxy of intrinsic and doped Si (2001)

The effect of externally applied in-phase stresses on the solid-phase epitaxial growth rate of both intrinsic and B-doped Si has been measured using time-resolved reflectivity. The data are described phenomenologically by a product of a function of concentration, an Arrhenius function of temperature, and a Boltzmann factor in the product of the stress and the activation strain V*, with V11*=(+0.14±0.04) and (+0.17±0.02) times the atomic volume, in intrinsic and B-doped material, respectively.
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonists. 2. 1-Indolinecarboxamides (1990)

Indazole 1 has previously been shown to be a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. A novel series of potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, 1-indolinecarboxamides 2a-q and 1-indolecarboxamides 3b,i,j,k, is described. The activity of the indolines suggests that aromaticity of the 5-membered ring is not an essential requirement for potency provided that an "in plane" orientation of the carbonyl group is favored. Upon the basis of this hypothesis indene 9 was prepared in which the "in plane" orientation of the carbonyl group is maintained by conjugation with the aromatic ring through the sp2 hybridized carbon. It was also found to be a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
Simulating UAV micro-Doppler using dynamic point clouds (2022)

The ability to classify between different unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) types is a pressing security requirement in order to assess the capabilities and resulting threat of a UAV. It has been demonstrated experimentally that different UAVs can be classified using their micro-Doppler signatures. This classification exploits differences in the shapes of UAV components, particularly the propeller blades. Effective classification using micro-Doppler will require large amounts of training data but obtaining this experimentally is logistically difficult and potentially expensive. This paper presents a simulation approach that models UAV components as point clouds derived from accurate 3D CAD models. Simulated results at millimeter wave frequencies for the DJI Phantom 3, DJI S900 and Joyance JT5L-404 propellers are presented and compared with experimental results.
The role and diagnostic significance of cellular barriers after concussive head trauma (2018)

The onset of concussive head trauma often triggers an intricate sequence of physical consequences and pathophysiological responses. These sequelae can be acute (i.e., hematoma) or chronic (i.e., autoimmune response, neurodegeneration, etc.), and may follow traumas of any severity. A critical factor for prognostication of postconcussion outcome is the pathophysiological response of cellular barriers, which can be measured by several biomarkers of the acute and chronic postinjury phases. We present herein a review on the postconcussion mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier, as well as the diagnostic/prognostic approaches that utilize differential biomarker expression across this boundary. We discuss the role of the blood-saliva cellular barrier as a regulatory filter for brain-derived biomarkers in blood, and its implications for saliva-based diagnostic assays.
Data from Recurrent Mutations in the MTOR Regulator RRAGC in Follicular Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This study was performed to further our understanding of the biological and genetic basis of follicular lymphoma and to identify potential novel therapy targets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We analyzed previously generated whole exome sequencing data of 23 follicular lymphoma cases and one transformed follicular lymphoma case and expanded findings to a combined total of 125 follicular lymphoma/3 transformed follicular lymphoma. We modeled the three-dimensional location of RRAGC-associated hotspot mutations. We performed functional studies on novel RRAGC mutants in stable retrovirally transduced HEK293T cells, stable lentivirally transduced lymphoma cell lines, and in &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We report recurrent mutations, including multiple amino acid hotspots, in the small G-protein RRAGC, which is part of a protein complex that signals intracellular amino acid concentrations to MTOR, in 9.4% of follicular lymphoma cases. Mutations in RRAGC distinctly clustered on one protein surface area surrounding the GTP/GDP–binding sites. Mutated RRAGC proteins demonstrated increased binding to RPTOR (raptor) and substantially decreased interactions with the product of the tumor suppressor gene &lt;i&gt;FLCN&lt;/i&gt; (folliculin). In stable retrovirally transfected 293T cells, cultured in the presence or absence of leucine, multiple RRAGC mutations demonstrated elevated MTOR activation as evidenced by increased RPS6KB/S6-kinase phosphorylation. Similar activation phenotypes were uncovered in yeast engineered to express mutations in the RRAGC homolog Gtr2 and in multiple lymphoma cell lines expressing HA-tagged RRAGC-mutant proteins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our discovery of activating mutations in RRAGC in approximately 10% of follicular lymphoma provides the mechanistic rationale to study mutational MTOR activation and MTOR inhibition as a potential novel actionable therapeutic target in follicular lymphoma. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5383–93. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Autonomous underwater vehicle–assisted surveying of drowned reefs on the shelf edge of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (2010)

Abstract This paper describes the role of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sirius on a research cruise to survey drowned reefs along the shelf edge of the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, Australia. The primary function of the AUV was to provide georeferenced, high‐resolution optical validation of seabed interpretations based on acoustic data. We describe the AUV capabilities and its operation in the context of the multiple systems used in the cruise. The data processing pipeline involved in generating simultaneous localization and mapping–based navigation, large‐scale, three‐dimensional visualizations, and automated classification of survey data is briefly described. We also present preliminary results illustrating the type of data products possible with our system and how they can inform the science driving the cruise. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing Emulsion-Templated Silicon/Carbon Anodes with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

Silicon (Si) is considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation lithium ion battery anodes owing to its superior theoretical capacity. However, Si suffers from a dramatic volume change during lithiation and delithiation, leading to pulverization and capacity decay. We report a simple oil-in-water emulsion-templating method to successfully fabricate high capacity and stable silicon/carbon anodes by directing Si and carbon to desired spatial locations. Because carbon does not contribute to capacity, we minimize the total amount of carbon in our anodes by using a mixture of carbon black (CB) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as the conducting phase. The low percolation threshold of the RGO reduces the anode impedance effectively. With 1 wt% RGO, the electrochemical half-cell tests using this structured Si/CB/RGO anodes show great improvements of capacity and retention after 50 cycles at a cycle rate of C/5 compared to the Si/CB control anodes. Emulsion-templating is a scalable colloidal principle based method for forming electrodes for rechargeable batteries.
Engineered optical nonlinearity for quantum light sources (2010)

Many applications in optical quantum information processing benefit from careful spectral shaping of single-photon wave-packets. In this paper we tailor the joint spectral wave-function of photons created in parametric downconversion by engineering the nonlinearity profile of a poled crystal. We designed a crystal with an approximately Gaussian nonlinearity profile and confirmed successful wave-packet shaping by two-photon interference experiments. We numerically show how our method can be applied for attaining one of the currently most important goals of single-photon quantum optics, the creation of pure single photons without spectral correlations.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Metal Complexes with Acyclic (Amino)(Ylide)Carbene Ligands (2013)

No cycle required: The straightforward synthesis of acyclic (amino)(ylide)carbene gold complexes was achieved by reaction of isocyanide gold complexes with phosphorus and arsenic ylides as well as electron-rich olefins. Their ability to form bimetallic species and to act as ligand-transfer reagents has also been established.
Industrial Robotics Experimentation over Federated Next Generation Internet Testbeds (2021)

Modern Industry 4.0 applications require the interplay between industrial equipment, robots, and network infrastructure. This article demonstrates the experimental capabilities of the NETMODE testbed, part of the MESON project, on Industry 4.0 and remote driving scenarios.
Low-temperature synthesis of Fe2(MoO4)3nanosheets: A cathode for sodium ion batteries with kinetics enhancement (2021)

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are alternatives to lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and offer some significant benefits such as cost reduction and a lower environmental impact; however, to compete with LIBs, further research is required to improve the performance of SIBs. In this study, an orthorhombic Na super ionic conductor structural Fe2(MoO4)3 nanosheet with amorphous-crystalline core-shell alignment was synthesized using a facile low-temperature water-vapor-assisted solid-state reaction and applied as a cathode material for SIBs. The obtained material has a well-defined three-dimensional stacking structure, and exhibits a high specific capacity of 87.8 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 1 C = 91 mA·g−1 after 1,000 cycles, which is due to the considerable contribution of extra surface-related reaction such as the pseudo-capacitive process. This material shows significantly improved cycling and rated behavior as well as enhanced performance under high- and low-temperature conditions, as compared to the same materials prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction. This enhancement is explained by the unique morphology in combination with the improved kinetics of the electrochemical reaction due to its lower charge transfer resistance and higher sodium ion conductivity.