gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13090: Increased U Vector Magnitude is Associated With Increased Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death - The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (2016)

Introduction: The U wave is a poorly understood electrocardiographic (ECG) manifestation of late ventricular repolarization. The association between U waves and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the general population is unclear. Hypothesis: Large U vector magnitude is associated with increased SCD risk. Methods: Data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n=13,705; mean age 54.1±5.8 y; 73% male; 55% white; median follow-up 14 y) were analyzed. U wave onset and offset were identified using a semi-automated approach on XYZ transformed ECG leads. The 3-dimensional U wave loop was reconstructed and smoothed to reduce noise. U loop origin was defined as the point halfway between U-onset and U-offset in 3-dimensional space. Maximum U vector magnitude (UVMmax) was measured as the 3-dimensional distance between U loop origin and the point on the smoothed U loop farthest from the origin (Figure A). Participants with UVMmax &gt;100 μV were excluded due to difficulty differentiating the T wave and U wave on these ECGs. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between UVMmax and adjudicated SCD. Results: Median UVMmax was 9.4 μV. After adjustment for multiple demographic and clinical characteristics, electrolytes, and ECG parameters associated with SCD, UVMmax remained associated with SCD. Each 1 standard deviation increase in UVMmax was associated with an increase in the hazard of SCD (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.29-1.81, p&lt;0.0001). Using cubic splines, the HR for SCD increased as UVMmax increased (Figure B). A minority of participants with the highest UVMmax values had SCD risk that was 4-5 times that of participants with UVMmax of ~10 μV. Conclusions: Larger U-waves as assessed vectorcardiographically by higher UVMmax are independently associated with SCD in a large community based cohort. VCG analysis of the U wave is useful, and further study of the association between U waves and ventricular arrhythmias/SCD is warranted.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of the aquatic carnivorous plant Utricularia gibba (2020)

The genetic transformation protocol reported here is an effective method for studying developmental biology and functional genomics of this genus of carnivorous plants and advances the utility of <i>U. gibba</i> as a model system to study developmental processes involved in trap formation.
Multispectral Compressive Imaging Strategies using Fabry-P\\'erot\n Filtered Sensors (2018)

This paper introduces two acquisition device architectures for multispectral\ncompressive imaging. Unlike most existing methods, the proposed computational\nimaging techniques do not include any dispersive element, as they use a\ndedicated sensor which integrates narrowband Fabry-P\\'erot spectral filters at\nthe pixel level. The first scheme leverages joint inpainting and\nsuper-resolution to fill in those voxels that are missing due to the device's\nlimited pixel count. The second scheme, in link with compressed sensing,\nintroduces spatial random convolutions, but is more complex and may be affected\nby diffraction. In both cases we solve the associated inverse problems by using\nthe same signal prior. Specifically, we propose a redundant analysis signal\nprior in a convex formulation. Through numerical simulations, we explore\ndifferent realistic setups. Our objective is also to highlight some practical\nguidelines and discuss their complexity trade-offs to integrate these schemes\ninto actual computational imaging systems. Our conclusion is that the second\ntechnique performs best at high compression levels, in a properly sized and\ncalibrated setup. Otherwise, the first, simpler technique should be favored.\n
Integrated Isogenic Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Based Liver and Heart Microphysiological Systems Predict Unsafe Drug–Drug Interaction (2021)

Three-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPSs) mimicking human organ function <i>in vitro</i> are an emerging alternative to conventional monolayer cell culture and animal models for drug development. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to capture the diversity of human genetics and provide an unlimited supply of cells. Combining hiPSCs with microfluidics technology in MPSs offers new perspectives for drug development. Here, the integration of a newly developed liver MPS with a cardiac MPS-both created with the same hiPSC line-to study drug-drug interaction (DDI) is reported. As a prominent example of clinically relevant DDI, the interaction of the arrhythmogenic gastroprokinetic cisapride with the fungicide ketoconazole was investigated. As seen in patients, metabolic conversion of cisapride to non-arrhythmogenic norcisapride in the liver MPS by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4 was inhibited by ketoconazole, leading to arrhythmia in the cardiac MPS. These results establish integration of hiPSC-based liver and cardiac MPSs to facilitate screening for DDI, and thus drug efficacy and toxicity, isogenic in the same genetic background.
Radiographic Response of Vessel Involvement and Resectability After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2020)

The present analysis demonstrates that neoadjuvant chemoradiation can enable subsequent surgical resection in patients with LAPC. Complete resection substantially prolongs survival. Therefore, surgical exploration should be offered if vessel involvement is improved by chemoradiation and considered in radiographic unchanged vessel involvement if size and CA 19.9 levels decrease, as these factors may indicate resectable disease, too.
The determination of the terminal hinge axis: a fundamental review and comparison of known and novel methods (2018)

Different concepts are used for the analysis and transfer of mandibular movements to virtual or conventional articulating systems. Some common procedures and analyses include the determination of the terminal hinge axis. However, despite the widespread use of different methods for hinge axis determination, very little information on the applicability and quality of these methods is currently available in the literature. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the methods already being applied and to search for novel algorithmic methods, comparing them with respect to achievable accuracy and indication. This comparison was based on new extensive computer simulations, where the influence of measurement noise on the result of the hinge axis position could be investigated. The assumptions used for the simulations were set so that the conditions allowed for the most accurate hinge axis determination: this comprised a pure rotation during mouth opening, within an incisal pathway of 15 mm, a measurement accuracy of 50 µm, and an optimal positioning of the entire measurement setup. The results of the computer calculations show that the best accuracy can be guaranteed by the novel least squares method, introduced in this article for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) measurements. Additionally, only methods tracking two and more (iterative or parallel) independent markers or equivalent jaw position measurements provide enough information for reliable accuracy. Using actual technical equipment, the highest accuracies can be achieved in a TMJ-near measurement setup. However, even in that best-possible setup, the error of hinge axis determination cannot be expected to be less than ±1 mm. For a better characterization of actual electronic recording systems, manufacturers need to provide more insight into the evaluation processes.
High performance E-mode InAlN/GaN HEMTs: Interface states from subthreshold slopes (2010)

Due to the high two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) concentration and high temperature stability, lattice matched InAlN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have attracted tremendous amount of interest for high-power and high-frequency electronics [1–2]. Employing the gate recess technology, a popular way to develop enhancement-mode (E-mode) devices for digital and mixed signal applications, record high performance (output current density of 2 A/mm, extrinsic transconductance of 890 mS/mm, and f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> /f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> of 95/135 GHz for 150-nm gate length) have been very recently reported on E-mode InAlN HEMTs [3]. Temperature dependent characterization of the subthreshold slope (SS) can provide valuable information on the interface states and their distribution near the band edges. In this paper, we have performed the field-effect measurements on these gate-recessed E-mod InAlN HEMTs reported in Ref. 3, and extracted the interface states from the temperature dependent SS from 80 to 300 K.
Alternating current electrospinning: The impacts of various high-voltage signal shapes and frequencies on the spinnability and productivity of polycaprolactone nanofibers (2021)

This study describes the application of a new technological parameter in the alternating-current (AC) electrospinning process for enhancing the electrospinnability and productivity of polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibers (ENF). High-voltage AC is influenced via changes in both the waveform and the frequency; however, the overall contribution to PCL electrospinnability remains unclear. This study hypothesizes that the electrospinnability, morphology, diameter and productivity of PCL ENF are dependent on both the waveform and the frequency of the AC high-voltage signal. Thus, the paper demonstrates that both the waveform and the frequency significantly affect the formation of a stable fibrous plume and the PCL ENF morphology. Consequently, trimodal- (beads, spindles and helical), bimodal- (beads and spindles) and unimodal-structured ENF morphologies were attained for square, sine and triangle waveforms, respectively. Moreover, the frequency of the waveform directly influences the number of beads and/or spindles per unitary length. The square waveform reflects higher productivity (23.6 ± 0.4 g/h) than the sine (16.5 ± 0.3 g/h) and triangle waveforms (6.9 ± 0.2 g/h). This study presents a simple approach to the industrial-scale fabrication of PCL ENF via the tuning of the AC high-voltage signal shape and/or frequency with the added advantage of the potential for obtaining a range of PCL ENF morphologies.
Characterization of N-Linked Carbohydrate Chains of the Crayfish,<i>Astacus leptodactylus</i>Hemocyanin (1995)

The primary structure of the carbohydrate chains of hemocyanin from the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus were investigated. The carbohydrate content is 0.2% (w/w) as referred to total hemocyanin content, resp. 1.8% as referred only to the one subunit which is glycosylated. Mannose and N-acetylglucosamine are present in a molar ratio of 6:2. The carbohydrate chains are N-glycosidically linked as revealed by dot blot analysis using various lectins and enzymatic deglycosylation. Furthermore, they are part of only one hemocyanin subunit of A. leptodactylus. After enzymatic deglycosylation with PNGase F, the oligosaccharide pool was separated by FPLC on Mono Q and subsequent HPLC on Lichrosorb-NH2, the subfractions were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A total of six oligosaccharides, ranging from Man4GlcNAc2 to Man9GlcNAc2 is present, Man6GlcNAc2 representing the most abundant one with 57% of all oligosaccharides.
Transcriptional Control of B-Cell Differentiation by EBF and E2A (1998)

B-cell differentiation is a complex developmental process that ultimately generates antibody-secreting plasma cells. The B-cell lineage involves multiple stages of differentiation that have been characterized by the expression of cell surface markers and the rearrangement status of the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci (Fig. 1). The earliest characterized cells that are committed to the B-cell lineage express the surface markers B220, CD43, AA4.1 and have the Ig heavy chain locus in germline configuration (1, 2). Pro-B and preB-cells express genes that are involved in the rearrangement of the Ig gene loci and signal transduction through the pre-B-cell receptor (reviewed in 3,4). In particular, these cells express the recombinase-activating genes (Rag1 and Rag2), the terminal deoxytransferase gene (TdT), the λ5 and VpreB genes encoding the Ig surrogate light chains, and the mb-1 and B29 genes encoding the Igα and Igβ proteins that mediate signaling. The pro-B- and pre-B-cells can be subdivided into populations that express different combinations of cell surface markers and may represent distinct stages of differentiation (Fig. 1) (1,5). Further differentiation generates immature B-cells that have rearranged their Ig light chain locus and have downregulated the expression of the λ5 and VpreB surrogate light genes (reviewed in ref. 6). Taken together, these early stages of B-cell differentiation represent the antigen-independent phase that occurs predominantly in the adult bone marrow. The late stages of B-cell differentiation that occur in peripheral lymphoid organs involve activation of B-cells by antigen and/or T helper cells and the generation of antibody-secreting plasma cells. These late stages of differentiation also result in somatic hypermutation of the Ig genes and antibody class switching (reviewed in ref. 7).
Transcriptional induction of slit diaphragm genes by Lmx1b is required in podocyte differentiation (2002)

LMX1B encodes a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor.Mutations in LMX1B cause nail-patella syndrome (NPS), an autosomal dominant disease with skeletal abnormalities, nail hypoplasia, and nephropathy.Expression of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) collagens is reduced in Lmx1b -/- mice, suggesting one basis for NPS nephropathy.Here, we show that Lmx1b -/-podocytes have reduced numbers of foot processes, are dysplastic, and lack typical slit diaphragms, indicating an arrest in development.Using antibodies to podocyte proteins important for podocyte function, we found that Lmx1b -/-podocytes express near-normal levels of nephrin, synaptopodin, ZO-1, 3 integrin, and GBM laminins.However, mRNA and protein levels for CD2AP and podocin were greatly reduced, suggesting a cooperative role for these molecules in foot process and slit diaphragm formation.We identified several LMX1B binding sites in the putative regulatory regions of both CD2AP and NPHS2 (podocin) and demonstrated that LMX1B binds to these sequences in vitro and can activate transcription through them in cotransfection assays.Thus, LMX1B regulates the expression of multiple podocyte genes critical for podocyte differentiation and function.Our results indicate that reduced levels of proteins associated with foot processes and the glomerular slit diaphragm likely contribute, along with reduced levels of GBM collagens, to the nephropathy associated with NPS.
Image Retrieval Based on Color Histogram of Saliency Map (2014)

With the development of the internet, more and more images appear in the internet. How to effectively retrieve the desired image is still an important problem. In the past, traditional color histogram is used image retrieval system, but color histograms lack spatial information and are sensitive to intensity variation, color distortion and cropping. As a result, images with similar histograms may have totally different semantics. So the spatial information should be included in color histogram. The color histogram based on saliency map approach is introduced to overcome the above limitations. In this paper, we present a robust image retrieval based on color histogram of saliency map. Firstly, in order to extract useful spatial information of each pixel, the steady saliency map of the images is extracted. Then, color histogram based on saliency map is introduced, and the similarity between color images is computed by using the color histogram of saliency map. Experimental results show that the proposed color image retrieval is more accurate and efficient in retrieving the user-interested images.
Effect of disease burden on health-related quality of life in patientswith malignant gliomas (2000)

The burden imposed by disease recurrence in patients with high-grade gliomas is not well documented. We studied the frequency of self-report symptoms and the effects on health-related quality of life in patients who had recurrent glioblastoma multiforme or anaplastic astrocytoma and who had a Karnofsky performance score > or = 70. Patients completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 Items (QLQ-C30) and the Brain Cancer Module (BCM20) before initiation of treatment for first recurrence of disease. Six symptoms (fatigue, uncertainty about the future, motor difficulties, drowsiness, communication difficulties, and headache) were reported with a frequency > 50% by both groups of patients. An additional two symptoms (visual problems and pain) were also reported with frequencies of > 50% by patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Most of the symptoms were likely due to recurrence, but previous radiation therapy and on-going corticosteroid treatment may have also been casual factors for fatigue, whereas uncertainty about the future and pain were probably nonspecific for brain cancer. Problems with motor functioning, vision, leg strength, and pain were reported more frequently by patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme than by those with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma. Scores on health-related quality-of-life functioning scales were similar in the two groups. Finally, the scores for patients who had recurrent high-grade gliomas and a Karnofsky performance score > or = 70 were compared with the reported health-related quality of life scores of patients with other cancers. Their scores were similar to those of patients with metastatic cancers and worse than those of patients with localized cancers.
Epidemiology and persistence of rhinovirus in pediatric lung transplantation (2020)

In conjunction with our previous reports, our prospectively collected data indicate that molecularly heterogeneous HRV infections occur commonly following pediatric lung transplantation, but these infections do not negatively impact clinical outcomes.
Rezension von: Feller, Claudia; Lackner, Christian (Hrsg.), Manu propria (2022)

Claudia Feller / Christian Lackner (Hg.), Manu propria. Vom eigenhändigen Schreiben der Mächtigen (13. – 15. Jahrhundert) (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Bd. 67). Wien: böhlau 2016. 316 S. mit 115 s/w Abb. ISBN 978-3-205-20401-5. € 60,–
$Δ$-PINNs: physics-informed neural networks on complex geometries (2022)

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have demonstrated promise in solving forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations. Despite recent progress on expanding the class of problems that can be tackled by PINNs, most of existing use-cases involve simple geometric domains. To date, there is no clear way to inform PINNs about the topology of the domain where the problem is being solved. In this work, we propose a novel positional encoding mechanism for PINNs based on the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. This technique allows to create an input space for the neural network that represents the geometry of a given object. We approximate the eigenfunctions as well as the operators involved in the partial differential equations with finite elements. We extensively test and compare the proposed methodology against traditional PINNs in complex shapes, such as a coil, a heat sink and a bunny, with different physics, such as the Eikonal equation and heat transfer. We also study the sensitivity of our method to the number of eigenfunctions used, as well as the discretization used for the eigenfunctions and the underlying operators. Our results show excellent agreement with the ground truth data in cases where traditional PINNs fail to produce a meaningful solution. We envision this new technique will expand the effectiveness of PINNs to more realistic applications.
Role of RelA of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> in Global Control of Gene Expression (2007)

The production of (p)ppGpp by Streptococcus mutans UA159 is catalyzed by three gene products: RelA, RelP, and RelQ. Here, we investigate the role of the RelA (Rel) homologue of S. mutans in the stringent response and in the global control of gene expression. RelA of S. mutans was shown to synthesize pppGpp in vitro from GTP and ATP in the absence of added ribosomes, as well as in vivo in an Escherichia coli relA-spoT mutant. Mupirocin (MUP) was shown to induce high levels of (p)ppGpp production in S. mutans in a relA-dependent manner, with a concomitant reduction in GTP pools. Transcription profiling after MUP treatment of S. mutans revealed that 104 genes were upregulated and 130 were downregulated (P < or = 0.001); mainly, genes for macromolecular biosynthesis, translation, and energy metabolism were downregulated. When a derivative of UA159 carrying a complete deletion of the relA gene was treated with MUP, 72 genes were upregulated and 52 were downregulated (P < or = 0.001). The expression of 50 genes (P < or = 0.001) was commonly affected by MUP treatment in the two strains, suggesting that S. mutans can mount a relA-independent response to MUP. Consistent with the gene expression profiling, RelA was shown to play major roles in the regulation of phenotypic traits that are required for establishment, persistence, and virulence expression by this oral pathogen. Thus, RelA is the major (p)ppGpp synthase controlling the stringent response in S. mutans, and it coordinates the expression of genes and phenotypes that contribute to the pathogenic potential of the organism.
The impact of glycosylation on HLA–DR1–restricted T cell recognition of type II collagen in a mouse model (2006)

Processing of the arthritogenic glycosylated CII(259-273) epitope, which is implicated in the induction of autoimmune arthritis, is more stringently regulated than is processing of the nonglycosylated form of the same epitope. Mechanisms of intracellular processing of the glycosylated epitope may constitute novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of RA.
Selective Crystallization of Organic Semiconductors on Patterned Templates of Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Abstract A method of patterning large arrays of organic single crystals is reported. Using single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles as patterned templates, several organic semiconductor materials were successfully patterned, including p‐type pentacene, tetracene, sexiphenylene, and sexithiophene, as well as n‐type tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). This study suggests that the selective growth of crystals onto patterned carbon nanotubes is most likely due to the coarse topography of the SWNT bundles. Moreover, we observed that the crystals nucleated from SWNT bundles and grew onto SWNT bundles in a conformal fashion. The dependence of the number of crystals on the quantity of SWNT bundles is also discussed. The crystal growth can be directly applied onto transistor source‐drain electrodes and arrays of organic single‐crystal field effect transistors are demonstrated. The results demonstrate the potential of utilizing carbon nanotubes as nucleation templates for patterning a broad range of organic materials for applications in optoelectronics.