gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[P2–381]: PRECLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PI‐2620, A NOVEL TAU PET TRACER FOR DETECTION OF TAU IN AD AND OTHER TAUOPATHIES (2017)

Tau aggregates represent a critical pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia. The spreading of Tau neurofibrillary tangles across defined brain regions corresponds to the observed level of cognitive decline in AD. Positron emission tomography has proved to be an important tool for the detection of amyloid-beta aggregates in the brain and is currently explored for detection of Tau in AD and other tauopathies. Several tracers targeting Tau have been discovered and tested in humans so far. However, limitations have been reported especially regarding their selectivity and off-target binding e.g. binding to MAO A and B. Here we present data on the new tracer PI-2620 with improved characteristics specifically targeting Tau in AD and non-AD tauopathies. PI-2620 was tested for affinity to aggregated Tau using human brain homogenates, isolated PHFs as well as recombinant fibrils. Off-target binding was evaluated in competition assays using radiolabeled MAO A / B and beta-amyloid binders. Binding to AD and non-AD brain tissue was performed using autoradiography (ARG) on human brain sections. The specific binding was compared to the corresponding signals on brain tissues of non-demented control subjects. The pharmacokinetic profiles of 18F-PI-2620 were evaluated in mice and non-human primates. PI-2620 displayed a high affinity for Tau in AD brain homogenate competition-assays (IC50: 1.8 nM). In addition to its high affinity binding to Tau, the compound showed excellent selectivity with no detectable off-target binding to beta-amyloid or MAO A/B. Specific binding to Tau deposits was demonstrated by ARG on AD brain sections (Braak I-VI), Pick's and PSP pathology indicating detection of both 3R and 4R Tau deposits. No specific tracer binding was detected on brain slices from non-demented donors. Good brain uptake and fast wash-out was observed in healthy mice and non-human primates. PI-2620 demonstrated improved characteristics in preclinical models with high affinity, good selectivity and excellent preclinical PK properties. The compound is currently being evaluated in clinical studies.
Implementation of Interdisciplinary Group Learning and Peer Assessment in a Nanotechnology Engineering Course (2004)

Abstract Nanotechnology is an inherently interdisciplinary field that has generated significant scientific and engineering interest in recent years. In an effort to convey the excitement and opportunities surrounding this discipline to senior undergraduate students and junior graduate students, a nanotechnology engineering course has been developed in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University over the past two years. This paper examines the unique challenges facing educators in this dynamic, emerging field and describes an approach for the design of a nanotechnology engineering course employing the non‐traditional pedagogical practices of collaborative group learning, interdisciplinary learning, problem‐based learning, and peer assessment. Utilizing the same nanotechnology course given the year before as a historical control, analysis of the difference between measures of student performance and student experience over the two years indicates that these practices are successful and provide an educationally informed template for other newly developed engineering courses.
Bioimmobilization of keratinase using <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> systems (2002)

Immobilized keratinase can improve stability while retaining its proteolytic and keratinolytic properties. Conventional purification followed by chemical immobilization is a laborious and costly process. A new genetic construct was developed to produce the keratinase-streptavidin fusion protein. Consequently, the purification and immobilization of the fusion protein onto a biotinylated matrix can be accomplished in a single step. The method was tested in both the Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli systems. In B. subtilis, the fusion protein was produced extracellularly and readily immobilized from the medium. In E. coli, the fusion protein was produced intracellularly in inclusion bodies; additional separation and renaturation processes were required prior to immobilization from the cell extract. The overall efficiencies were approximately the same, 24-28%, using both systems.
Identifying high-risk groups for change in weight and body mass index: population cohort of 11 million measurements in 2.3 million adults (2021)

ABSTRACT Background Adult obesity prevention policies, which are largely untargeted, have met with limited success globally. Population groups with the highest risk of weight gain, if they could be reliably identified using readily available information, might benefit from targeted policy. The relative importance of age, sex, ethnicity, geographical region and social deprivation for weight gain is unknown. Methods We calculated longitudinal changes in BMI over one, five and ten years and investigated transition between BMI categories using 11,187,383 clinically recorded, repeated measures of BMI from population-based electronic health records of 2,328,477 adults in England (1998-2016). The influence of risk factors was tested using logistic regression. Findings The youngest adult age group (18-24 years) was more strongly associated with risk of weight gain than older age, male sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity or geographic region. Among the youngest adults, the top quartile gained 15.9kg in men and 12kg in women at 10 years. The odds of transitioning to a higher BMI category over 10 years were 4-6 times higher in the youngest (18-24 years) compared to oldest (65-74 years) individuals; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 4.22 (3.85-4.62)) from normal weight to overweight or obesity, 4.60 (4.06-5.22) for overweight to obesity, and 5.87 (5.23-6.59) from obesity to severe obesity in multiple adjusted analyses. Among the youngest adults, socially deprived men were at greater risk of transitioning from normal weight to overweight (72%) and from overweight to obesity (68%) over 10 years. We provide an open access online risk calculator ( https://pasea.shinyapps.io/bmi_shiny_app/ ) and present high resolution obesity risk charts over a 1-, 5- and 10-year follow-up. Interpretation A radical shift in policy is required to focus on those at highest risk of weight gain-young adults-for individual and population level prevention of obesity and its long-term consequences for health and health care. Funding BHF, HDR-UK, MRC
Functional and structural insight into lignocellulosic fibers for high-areal-capacity lithium–sulfur batteries (2021)

A novel way of absorbing sulfur species by a vascular system of lignocellulosic fibers and hollow VO 2 achieved ultrahigh areal capacity, and the extraordinary adsorption behavior was characterized by operando Raman spectroscopy.
Comparison of Soil Bacterial Communities in Rhizospheres of Three Plant Species and the Interspaces in an Arid Grassland (2002)

Soil bacteria are important contributors to primary productivity and nutrient cycling in arid land ecosystems, and their populations may be greatly affected by changes in environmental conditions. In parallel studies, the composition of the total bacterial community and of members of the Acidobacterium division were assessed in arid grassland soils using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRF, also known as T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes amplified from soil DNA. Bacterial communities associated with the rhizospheres of the native bunchgrasses Stipa hymenoides and Hilaria jamesii, the invading annual grass Bromus tectorum, and the interspaces colonized by cyanobacterial soil crusts were compared at three depths. When used in a replicated field-scale study, TRF analysis was useful for identifying broad-scale, consistent differences in the bacterial communities in different soil locations, over the natural microscale heterogeneity of the soil. The compositions of the total bacterial community and Acidobacterium division in the soil crust interspaces were significantly different from those of the plant rhizospheres. Major differences were also observed in the rhizospheres of the three plant species and were most apparent with analysis of the Acidobacterium division. The total bacterial community and the Acidobacterium division bacteria were affected by soil depth in both the interspaces and plant rhizospheres. This study provides a baseline for monitoring bacterial community structure and dynamics with changes in plant cover and environmental conditions in the arid grasslands.
Development State Analysis and Prospects of Intelligent Equipment (2010)

The paper describes the key technigues which are related in the course of the intelligent equipment development.Then the intelligent equipment available is classified into switches,substation automation devices and electronic power devices and their development state are analyzed.Finally,the paper points out that the firm and intelligent grid will become a develepment trend of our country′s grid and the intelligent equipment will be a long-standing problem in improving the body and increasing the attchments of two research lines.
Broadband Power Distribution using Multi-Mode Leaky-Wave Lens Antennas at Submillimeter Wavelengths (2021)

In this paper, we will present a novel quasi-optical power distribution technique that will allow achieving an efficient multi-pixel LO power distribution for submillimeter-wave instruments. This method can distribute the power from one antenna to a multi-pixel lens array in a hexagonal configuration with a power coupling efficiency of nearly 60%. We will present a prototype based on a transmit array of 7 pixels at WR1.5.
WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE OF DNA INCISION BY A HUMAN ULTRAVIOLET ENDONUCLEASE (1989)

The wavelength dependence of an ultraviolet irradiation of the DNA substrate for a human endonuclease was determined. Sites of DNA incision for all UVB and UVC wavelengths examined were at cytosines which were neither cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers nor 6-4'-(pyrimidin-2-one)pyrimidines. The optimal wavelengths for formation of these cytosine photoproducts were between 270 and 295 nm. This human endonuclease therefore has a similar ultraviolet substrate specificity to endonuclease III.
Auditory pathway and auditory activation of primary visual targets in the blind mole rat (<i>Spalax ehrenbergi</i>): I. 2‐deoxyglucose study of subcortical centers (1989)

The blind mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi is a subterranean rodent that shows striking behavioral, structural, and physiological adaptations to fossorial life including highly degenerated eyes and optic nerves and a behavioral audiogram that indicates high specialization for low-frequency hearing. A 2-deoxyglucose functional mapping of acoustically activated structures, in conjunction with Nissl/Klüver-Barrera-stained material, revealed a typical mammalian auditory pathway with some indications for specialized low-frequency hearing such as a poorly differentiated lateral nucleus and a well-developed medial nucleus in the superior olive complex. The most striking finding was a marked 2-deoxyglucose labeling of the dorsal lateral geniculate body and of cortical regions that correspond to visual areas in sighted rodents. The results render the blind mole rat a good model system for studying natural neural plasticity and intermodal compensation. In this report, we confine ourselves to the subcortical levels. The cortical level will be dealt comprehensively in a following paper.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Olefin Substitution on the Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Dienes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lattice Boltzmann formulation for flows with acoustic porous media (2015)

Porous materials are commonly used in various industrial systems such as ducts, HVAC, hoods, mufflers, in order to introduce acoustic absorption and to reduce the radiated acoustics levels. For problems involving flow-induced noise mechanisms and explicit interactions between turbulent source regions, numerical approaches remain a challenging task involving, on the one hand, the coupling between unsteady flow calculations and acoustics simulations and, on the other hand, the development of advanced and sensitive numerical schemes. In this paper, acoustic materials are explicitly modeled in lattice Boltzmann simulations using equivalent fluid regions having arbitrary porosity and resistivity. Numerical simulations are compared to analytical derivations as well as experiments and semi-empirical models to validate the approach.
Portable Self-Charging Power System via Integration of a Flexible Paper-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Supercapacitor (2019)

To meet the energy demand for flexible and miniaturized green electronics, it is highly desirable to develop a portable, cost-effective, lightweight, and sustainable power source through a facile and environment friendly approach. Herein, we report a portable, flexible, and low-cost self-charging power system (SCPS) consisting of a paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator (P-TENG) with high output power density as the energy harvester and a paper-based supercapacitor (P-SC) with a great areal capacitance as the energy storage device. A cellulose paper/polypyrrole composite with a low sheet resistance of 7.8 Ω sq–1 replaced the conventional metal electrodes and positive friction material in the P-TENG, as well as the capacitive material in the P-SC. The portable SCPS is capable of driving various miniaturized electronics such as a temperature/humidity indicator, thus demonstrating its potential as a sustainable power source for flexible and miniaturized green electronics.
Fabrication of a Large‐Area Hierarchical Structure Array by Combining Replica Molding and Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Etching (2015)

A novel approach to produce a large‐area hierarchical structure array is presented. The method combines replica molding and atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) etching processes. Liquid blends consisting of siliconized silsesquioxane acrylate (Si‐SSQA), polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), and photoinitiator are used as roughness formable materials during APP etching. Microstructures composed of the Si‐SSQA/PEGDMA mixtures are fabricated by replica molding. Nanoroughness is realized on the microstructures by argon/oxygen (Ar/O 2 ) APP etching in air. The nano­roughness on molded microstructures is efficiently controlled by varying the weight ratio of Si‐SSQA to PEGDMA and the etching time. The hierarchical structures fabricated by combining replica molding and Ar/O 2 APP etching show superhydrophilicity with a long‐term stability, resulting in the formation of hydroxyl‐terminated silicon oxide layer with the reorientation limit. On the other hand, the hierarchical structures treated with a perfluorinated self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) show increased the water contact angles of up to 161° depending on the morphology of the hierarchical structures. The increment of water contact angles is consistent with increment of the nano‐/microroughness of hierarchical structures.
Sample motion-insensitive, full-range, complex, spectral-domain optical-coherence tomography (2010)

We present a full-range, complex, spectral-domain optical-coherence-tomography (SD-OCT) system that is based on a double-beam scanning approach. The sample beams of two identical SD-OCT setups are combined collinearly by a bulk optic beam splitter before illuminating the object. The required phase shift for the complex signal reconstruction comes from the phase difference between both interferometers. Because of the double-beam scanning approach, our system is completely insensitive to sample motion. To demonstrate the performance of our setup, we present images of the human optic nerve head in vivo and of a human tooth.
Pricing, Carbon Emission Reduction, Low-Carbon Promotion and Returning Decision in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain under Vertical and Horizontal Cooperation (2017)

In this paper, we examine the influences of vertical and horizontal cooperation models on the optimal decisions and performance of a low-carbon closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with a manufacturer and two retailers, and study optimal operation in the competitive pricing, competitive the low-carbon promotion, the carbon emission reduction, the used-products collection and the profits. We consider the completely decentralized model, M-R vertical cooperation model, R-R horizontal cooperation model, M-R-R vertical and horizontal cooperation model and completely centralized model, and also identify the optimal decision results and profits. It can be observed from a systematic comparison and numerical analysis that the completely centralized model is best in all optimal decision results among all models. In semi-cooperation, the M-R vertical cooperation model is positive, the R-R horizontal cooperation model is passive, and the positivity of the M-R-R vertical and horizontal cooperation model decreases with competitive intensity increasing in the used-products returning, carbon emissions reduction level, low-carbon promotion effort and the profits of the manufacturer and the entire supply chain.
Antimicrobial effects in food and prevention of contamination in food industry (2007)

Microbial Contaminants and Contamination Routes in Food Industry - 1st Open Seminar arranged by SAFOODNET; Espoo; Finland; 22 January 2007 through 23 January 2007
Tools for distributed application management (1991)

The issues of managing distributed applications are discussed, and a set of tools, the meta system, that solves some longstanding problems is presented. The Meta model of a distributed application is described. To make the discussion concrete, it is shown how NuMon, a seismological analysis system for monitoring compliance with nuclear test-ban treaties is managed within the Meta framework. The three steps entailed in using Meta are described. First the programmer instruments the application and its environment with sensors and actuators. The programmer then describes the application structure using the object-oriented data modeling facilities of the authors' high-level control language, Lomita. Finally, the programmer writes a control program referencing the data model. Meta's performance and real-time behavior are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution at Silicon: Synthesis of Sterically‐Hindered Bis(2,6‐di‐tert‐butylaryloxy)silanes. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of the phenols (I) with the dichlorosilanes (II) yields the disubsituted silanes (III).
Microstructural Response of Variably Hydrated Ca-rich Montmorillonite to Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2014)

First-principles molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to explore the mechanistic and thermodynamic ramifications of the exposure of variably hydrated Ca-rich montmorillonites to supercritical CO2 and CO2-SO2 mixtures under geologic storage conditions. In sub- to single-hydrated systems (≤ 1W), CO2 intercalation causes interlamellar expansion of 8-12%, while systems transitioning to 2W may undergo contraction (∼ 7%) or remain almost unchanged. When compared to ∼2W hydration state, structural analysis of the ≤ 1W systems, reveals more Ca-CO2 contacts and partial transition to vertically confined CO2 molecules. Infrared spectra and projected vibrational frequency analysis imply that intercalated Ca-bound CO2 are vibrationally constrained and contribute to the higher frequencies of the asymmetric stretch band. Reduced diffusion coefficients of intercalated H2O and CO2 (10(-6)-10(-7) cm(2)/s) indicate that Ca-montmorillonites in ∼ 1W hydration states can be more efficient in capturing CO2. Simulations including SO2 imply that ∼ 0.66 mmol SO2/g clay can be intercalated without other significant structural changes. SO2 is likely to divert H2O away from the cations, promoting Ca-CO2 interactions and CO2 capture by further reducing CO2 diffusion (10(-8) cm(2)/s). Vibrational bands at ∼ 1267 or 1155 cm(-1) may be used to identify the chemical state (oxidation states +4 or +6, respectively) and the fate of sulfur contaminants.
Development of on-fiber optical sensors utilizing chromogenic materials (1999)

On-fiber optical sensors, designed with chromogenic materials used as the fiber modified cladding, were developed for sensing environmental conditions. The design was based on the previously developed on-fiber devices. It is known that the light propagation characteristics in optical fibers are strongly influenced by the refractive index of the cladding materials. Thus, the idea of the on- fiber devices is based on replacing the passive optical fiber cladding with active or sensitive materials. For example, temperature sensors can be developed by replacing the fiber clad material with thermochromic materials. In this paper, segmented polyurethane-diacetylene copolymer (SPU), was selected as the thermochromic material for temperature sensors applications. This material has unique chromogenic properties as well as the required mechanical behaviors. During UV exposure and heat treatment, the color of the SPU copolymer varies with its refractive index. The boundary condition between core and cladding changes due to the change of the refractive index of the modified cladding material. The method used for the sensor development presented involves three steps: (a) removing the fiber jacket and cladding from a small region, (b) coating the chromogenic materials onto the modified region, and (c) integrating the optical fiber sensor components. The experimental set-up was established to detect the changes of the output signal based on the temperature variations. For the sensor evaluation, real-time measurements were performed under different heating-cooling cycles. Abrupt irreversible changes of the sensor output power were detected during the first heating-cooling cycle. At the same time, color changes of the SPU copolymer were observed in the modified region of the optical fiber. For the next heating-cooling cycles, however, the observed changes were almost completely reversible. This result demonstrates that a low-temperature sensor can be built by utilizing the chromogenic SPU copolymer as the modified cladding material.
All-optical Ultrafast Switching Based on Plasmon-generated Hot Carriers in Gold-coated Fiber Gratings (2019)

Pump-probe modulation of 4.95% is observed experimentally and by simulations in gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings at power densities of 205 MW/cm2 with 25 ps pulses from a tunable laser at wavelengths near 1550 nm.
Interface Management for SKA Telescope Manager (2015)

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project is currently in the Pre-construction Phase. During this phase, the telescope subsystems are being designed. The Telescope Manager (TM) is a supervisory control and monitoring subsystem in each of the two radio telescopes of the SKA (SKA1-Low and SKA1-Mid). The TM interfaces with a number of diverse telescope subsystems. Interaction between TM and these subsystems is a major source of requirements for the TM. Careful management of TM external interfaces is therefore important. This discussion is a case study of TM interface management. Firstly, how system architectural design aspects like separation of concerns in the control hierarchy reduce telescope complexity with regards to interfaces is discussed. Secondly, the standardisation approach for monitoring and control interfaces to facilitate early elicitation of interface requirements for the TM, and to manage the diversity of interfacing subsystems is discussed. Thirdly, the relations between interface definition and requirements analysis activities, using SysML representations as an example is discussed.