gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for glutamate excitotoxicity that occurs before the onset of cell loss and motor symptoms in an ovine Huntington's Disease model. (2023)

<strong>Background</strong> Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by an expansion in the CAG repeat tract of the huntingtin (<em>HTT</em>) gene resulting in a triad of behavioural, cognitive, and motor defects. Current knowledge of disease pathogenesis remains incomplete, and no disease course modifying interventions are in clinical use. We have previously reported the development and characterisation of the <em>OVT73</em> transgenic sheep model of HD. <em>OVT73 </em>captures an early prodromal phase of the disease with an absence of motor symptomatology even at 5-years of age and no detectable striatal cell loss. <strong>Methods</strong> To better understand the disease initiating events we have undertaken a single nuclei transcriptome study of the striatum of an extensively studied cohort of 5-year-old <em>OVT73</em> HD sheep and age matched wild type controls. <strong>Results</strong> We have identified transcriptional upregulation from genes encoding N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors in <em>OVT73</em> medium spiny neurons, the cell type preferentially lost early in the disease. This observation supports the glutamate excitotoxicity hypothesis as an early neurodegeneration cascade initiating process. Moreover, the downstream consequences of excitotoxicity including a downregulation of transcription of components for the oxidative phosphorylation complexes was also observed. We also found that pathways that have been proposed to act to reduce excitotoxicity including the activity of the CREB family of transcription factors (<em>CREB1</em>, <em>ATF2, ATF4</em> and <em>ATF7</em>) were transcriptionally downregulated. <strong>Conclusions</strong> To our knowledge, the <em>OVT73</em> model is the very first large mammalian HD model that exhibits transcriptomic signatures of an excitotoxic process that occurs in the absence of cell loss. Our results indicate that glutamate excitotoxicity is a disease initiating process. Addressing this biochemical defect early may prevent any cell loss and avoid the more complex secondary consequential challenges due to cell death.
VIM Study for Deep Draft Column Stabilized Floaters (2015)

Abstract Dry-tree semisubmersible concepts have been studied under multiple RPSEA funded projects since 2009. As hull forms used for dry tree applications have a deeper draft, vortex induced motion (VIM) can be an area of concern that needs to be addressed during design stage. The VIM model testing that was conducted during prior RPSEA study phases indicated that VIM exists and can impact the platform mooring and riser integrity. The current RPSEA funded project is aimed at improving overall mooring system safety and riser system integrity by testing design parameters of deep draft column stabilized floaters (DDCSF) to determine the ones that have the most impact on VIM. The study utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and model testing to determine the sensitivity of VIM responses to DDCSF geometric parameters. The project studies both a four-column DDCSF and a multi-column DDCSF, specifically, the paired-column DDCSF developed by Houston Offshore Engineering (HOE). The CFD tools used are AcuSolve™ from Altair Engineering, Fluent™ from ANSYS and STAR-CCM+™ from CD-adapco. In this study existing VIM model test data is used to validate/verify the CFD tools, and the results are discussed in the paper. Some observations from the validation study are also discussed in the paper. More VIM model tests will be conducted during the later phase of the ongoing RPSEA project to correlate the CFD predictions with experimental data. The study results are part of "Vortex Induced Motion Study for Deep Draft Column Stabilized Floaters", a study funded by Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA), under the project number 11121-5404-03.
Supplementary Table S1 from Distal Colorectal Cancers with Microsatellite Instability (MSI) Display Distinct Gene Expression Profiles that Are Different from Proximal MSI Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Distal Colorectal Cancers with Microsatellite Instability (MSI) Display Distinct Gene Expression Profiles that Are Different from Proximal MSI Cancers
3 Particle Shape Characterization (2006)

Abstract : In general, the particles comprising the earlier generation of obscurants were spherical. Nonspherical particles have, in some cases, been shown to possess more desirable properties, such as broader spectral effectiveness and more obscuration per unit mass. However, the theoretical problem of predicting the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a particle of arbitrary size, shape, and index of refraction has not been solved for particles with a size on the order of the wavelength of the radiation. Thus, it is difficult to predict or interpret data from experiments conducted on nonspherical particles. The work reported herein addresses this problem with a phenomenological approach. An electrodynamic balance was built that stably suspends individual micron-sized particles. Individual spheres and nonspheres were suspended and photomicrographs were made of the particles while their scattering cross sections were measured in two orthogonal directions. The photographs and cross sections were then analyzed in a search for correlations between particle size and shape and the scattering cross section. This report is organized as follows. Section II contains a description of the experimental apparatus. Photographs of the particles, measurement methodology, and resulting size parameters are presented in Section III. Differential scattering cross-section plots are shown in Section IV and analysis and results described in Section V. Finally, results and conclusions are summarized in Section VI.
Cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleation activity of hydrophobic and hydrophilic soot particles (2009)

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and ice nucleation behavior (for temperatures<or=-40 degrees C) of soot aerosols relevant for atmospheric studies were investigated. Soots were chosen to represent a range of physico-chemical properties, from hydrophobic through a range of hydrophilicity, to hygroscopic. These characteristics were achieved through generation by three different combustion sources; three soots from natural gas pyrolysis (original: TS; graphitized: GTS; and oxidized: TOS), soot from a diffusion flame in an oil lamp burning aviation kerosene (TC1), and soot from a turbulent diffusion flame in an aircraft engine combustor (AEC). All of the samples exhibited some heterogeneity in our experiments, which showed evidence of two or more particle sub-types even within a narrow size cut. The heterogeneity could have resulted from both chemical and sizing differences, the latter attributable in part to particle non-sphericity. Neither GTS nor TS, hydrophobic particles distinguished only by the lower porosity and polarity of the GTS surface, showed CCN activity at or below water supersaturations required for wettable, insoluble particles (the Kelvin limit). TC1 soot particles, despite classification as hydrophilic, did not show CCN activity at or below the Kelvin limit. We attribute this result to the microporosity of this soot. In contrast, oxidized, non-porous, and hydrophilic TOS particles exhibited CCN activation at very near the Kelvin limit, with a small percentage of these particles CCN-active even at lower supersaturations. Due to containing a range of surface coverage of organic and inorganic hydrophilic and hygroscopic compounds, up to approximately 35% of hygroscopic AEC particles were active as CCN, with a small percentage of these particles CCN-active at lower supersaturations. In ice nucleation experiments below -40 degrees C, AEC particles nucleated ice near the expected condition for homogeneous freezing of water from aqueous solutions. In contrast, GTS, TS, and TC1 required relative humidity well in excess of water saturation at -40 degrees C for ice formation. GTS particles required water supersaturation conditions for ice activation even at -51 degrees C. At -51 to -57 degrees C, ice formation in particles with electrical mobility diameter of 200 nm occurred in up to 1 in 1000 TS and TC1 particles, and 1 in 100 TOS particles, at relative humidities below those required for homogeneous freezing in aqueous solutions. Our results suggest that heterogeneous ice nucleation is favored in cirrus conditions on oxidized hydrophilic soot of intermediate polarity. Simple considerations suggest that the impact of hydrophilic soot particles on cirrus cloud formation would be most likely in regions of elevated atmospheric soot number concentrations. The ice formation properties of AEC soot are reasonably consistent with present understanding of the conditions required for aircraft contrail formation and the proportion of soot expected to nucleate under such conditions.
Dose-Dependent Effect of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy on the Risk of Metachronous Contralateral Testicular Cancer (2020)

Approximately one in every 30 survivors of TGCT will develop a CTGCT, with CTGCT incidence increasing up to 20 years after a primary TGCT. Treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy shows a dose-dependent inverse association with CTGCT risk.
Biased covering arrays for progressive ranking and composition of Web Services (2007)

Service-oriented computing is a new software development paradigm that allows application builders to choose from many available services. The challenges are to efficiently determine which services are the most appropriate to combine into an application based on concerns such as functionalities, licensing costs, and known reliability. Group testing has addressed some issues on how to select a small subset of candidate services. We expand upon the group testing methodology with a greedy algorithm that generates biased covering arrays for interactive testing of the services selected by group testing.
A 150 MS/s 10-bit CMOS Pipelined Subranging ADC with Time Constant Reduction Technique (2009)

A 150MS/s 10-bit MOS-inverter-based subranging analog-to-digital converter (ADC) dedicated to a high-speed low-power application is presented in this paper. A new time constant reduction technique is proposed in the multi-stage preamplifier design which aims to further increase the speed of the coarse ADC. A synchronized switch is introduced to minimize the sample-time mismatch in the interleaved architecture of fine ADCs. An internal pipelined scheme incorporating the double sampling and interleaving techniques in fine ADCs allows the ADC sample input signal to run on a consecutive clock, thus maximizing the throughput. The prototype ADC achieves 52dB SNDR for a 10MHz input frequency at 150MS/s. Without calibration, the measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) is 0.5 LSB, while the integral nonlinearity (INL) is 0.9 LSB. The CMOS ADC is fabricated in a 0.35µm CMOS technology, with an active area of 2.7mm2, consuming only 178mW from a single 3V supply. Comparing technology normalized figure-of-merits, it achieves better power-speed efficiency than other similar types of ADCs.
Pd/Cu‐katalysierte decarboxylierende Kreuzkupplung von Arylchloriden und Kaliumcarboxylaten (2008)

Auch nichtaktivierte Arylchloride gehen decarboxylierende Kreuzkupplungen ein, wenn ein Katalysatorsystem aus CuI, 1,10-Phenanthrolin, PdI2 und Di(tert-butyl)biphenylphosphan eingesetzt wird. Mit diesem System gelingen sowohl die Synthese von Biarylen aus Arencarboxylaten als auch die Synthese von Arylketonen aus α-Oxocarbonsäuren (FG=funktionelle Gruppe; R=Aryl, Alkyl).
Abstract 3075: MUC4 mucin as a potential tumor suppressor in colon cancer (2010)

Abstract MUC4 is a heterodimeric large transmembrane mucin expressed by several normal epithelial tissues like testis, lungs and colon and is aberrantly over expressed by most human adenocarcinomas. MUC4 has been strongly implicated to play the role of an oncogene in the progression and metastasis of pancreatic, breast and ovarian cancers. On the other hand, previous reports indicating the loss of MUC4 expression in the progression of colon cancer was starkly in contrast to the role it plays in other cancers. Based on the previous studies, we hypothesized that loss of MUC4 as the tumor progresses might act as a prognostic indicator and MUC4 might act as a potential tumor suppressor in the colon cancer. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the functional significance of MUC4 in colon cancer progression. We performed immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray comparing the expression levels of MUC4 among normal colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma. MUC4 immunoreactivity was highest in the normal colon tissue and significantly higher than tubular adenoma, non-metastatic and metastatic adenocarcinoma (p&amp;lt;0.03) which confirmed the earlier findings. To evaluate the functional significance of MUC4, we stably over expressed MUC4 cDNA in HCT-15, a MUC4 non-expressing colon cancer cell line. Interestingly, the in vitro (growth kinetics, motility, invasion, colony forming) and in vivo (xenograft in nude mice) functional studies strongly support the role of MUC4 as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer. Further, mechanistic studies indicated that ectopic expression of MUC4 led to decreased activity of key intracellular signaling molecules like FAK, AKT and ERK. By regulating the levels of p-AKT, MUC4 expression led to growth arrest in S-phase which was mediated by the upregulation of cip/kip family of CDK inhibitors i.e. p21 and p27. Besides, overexpression of MUC4 led to a remarkable change from mesenchymal like (more triangular) phenotype to a more epithelioid (roundish) like phenotype confirmed by the phalloidin staining of the actin cytoskeleton. In conclusion, our results show for the first time the protective role MUC4 plays in colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3075.
Localization of calcitonin receptor-like receptor and receptor activity modifying protein 1 in enteric neurons, dorsal root ganglia, and the spinal cord of the rat (2005)

Calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) comprise a receptor for calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and intermedin. Although CGRP is widely expressed in the nervous system, less is known about the localization of CLR and RAMP1. To localize these proteins, we raised antibodies to CLR and RAMP1. Antibodies specifically interacted with CLR and RAMP1 in HEK cells coexpressing rat CLR and RAMP1, determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Fluorescent CGRP specifically bound to the surface of these cells and CGRP, CLR, and RAMP1 internalized into the same endosomes. CLR was prominently localized in nerve fibers of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, muscularis externa and lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract, and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of rats. CLR was detected at low levels in the soma of enteric, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and spinal neurons. RAMP1 was also localized to enteric and DRG neurons and the dorsal horn. CLR and RAMP1 were detected in perivascular nerves and arterial smooth muscle. Nerve fibers containing CGRP and intermedin were closely associated with CLR fibers in the gastrointestinal tract and dorsal horn, and CGRP and CLR colocalized in DRG neurons. Thus, CLR and RAMP1 may mediate the effects of CGRP and intermedin in the nervous system. However, mRNA encoding RAMP2 and RAMP3 was also detected in the gastrointestinal tract, DRG, and dorsal horn, suggesting that CLR may associate with other RAMPs in these tissues to form a receptor for additional peptides such as adrenomedullin.
ChemInform Abstract: The Doping Effect of Fluorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvents on the Performance of Common Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Application in the Preparation of Biologically Active Compounds. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Publisher Correction: Unravelling the structure of glycosyl cations via cold-ion infrared spectroscopy (2018)

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 1, in which an oxygen atom was missing from the 'Acetoxonium type' structure. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Unsupervised Machine Learning for Explainable Health Care Fraud Detection (2022)

The US federal government spends more than a trillion dollars per year on health care, largely provided by private third parties and reimbursed by the government. A major concern in this system is overbilling, waste and fraud by providers, who face incentives to misreport on their claims in order to receive higher payments. In this paper, we develop novel machine learning tools to identify providers that overbill Medicare, the US federal health insurance program for elderly adults and the disabled. Using large-scale Medicare claims data, we identify patterns consistent with fraud or overbilling among inpatient hospitalizations. Our proposed approach for Medicare fraud detection is fully unsupervised, not relying on any labeled training data, and is explainable to end users, providing reasoning and interpretable insights into the potentially suspicious behavior of the flagged providers. Data from the Department of Justice on providers facing anti-fraud lawsuits and several case studies validate our approach and findings both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Negative differential resistance of InGaAs quantum wire FET (2002)

Negative differential resistance (NDR) with high peak to valley ratio (PVR) and low onset voltage (V/sub NDR/) are clearly observed in a quantum-wire field-effect transistor (QWR-FET) with the channel width of 100 nm, while it is not observed in a QWR-FET with the channel width of 300 nm. The saturation characteristics of Landau plots indicate that the 100 nm-width QWR has one-dimensional characteristics of electron transport, contrary to the 300 nm-width QWR which has two-dimensional electrons.
Detection of NGF-receptors TrkA and p75NTR in human tumor cell lines and effect of NGF on the growth characteristic of the UT-7/EPO cell line. (2002)

The receptors for nerve growth factor (NGF)--TrkA and p75NTR--were detected at the mRNA and the protein level in various human tumor cell lines. The NGF receptor TrkA was found on all examined tumor cell lines and is not restricted to cells belonging to the nervous system. NGF did not influence the proliferation rate of TrkA-positive cells NMB, K562, UT-7/EPO and PC-12. After NGF induction, the production level of the differentiation marker c-fos was increased in UT-7/EPO and PC- 12 cells. NGF-treatment of the UT-7/EPO cells and deprivation of erythropoietin (EPO) led to the new adherent cell line UT-7/NGF. Although UT-7/NGF showed a similar growth curve as UT-7/EPO, there were differences in the pattern of adhesion molecules and of the cytoskeleton. The effect of NGF on the cytoskeleton could not be induced in other human cell lines like NMB or KTCTL-30. TrkA inhibition with K252a--a blocker of Trk-induced receptor kinase--suggests, that the NGF signal may be transduced by the TrkA receptor in UT-7/NGF cells. This indicates that NGF is a decisive mediator of cellular adhesion.
Does human skin truly behave as an array of helical antennae in the millimeter and terahertz wave ranges? (2010)

The sweat ducts of the human perspiration system are helically shaped tubes, filled with a conductive aqueous solution. Recent studies have claimed that these ducts act as an array of low-Q helical antennae and are dominant in shaping the spectral response in the subterahertz region. Using local homogenization theory for the skin embedded with sweat ducts, we found that multiple interference effects from the skin layers play the major role in determining the skin electromagnetic characteristics in the millimeter and terahertz regions without the need for the assumption of the sweat ducts acting as low-Q helical antennae.
Isotopic exchange reactions occurring in the hydrogenation of (1,5-cyclooctadiene)dialkylplatinum(II) complexes over platinum black (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsotopic exchange reactions occurring in the hydrogenation of (1,5-cyclooctadiene)dialkylplatinum(II) complexes over platinum blackTimothy M. Miller and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 10, 3164–3170Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00218a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00218a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 from How to Train Your T Cells: Overcoming Immune Dysfunction in Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1 shows ongoing vaccine trials with unpublished data for multiple myeloma disease stages with lower tumor burden/immunosuppression. Table S2 shows checkpoint inhibitor-based trials in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma with unpublished data.&lt;/p&gt;
Standoff Raman Hyperspectral Imaging Detection of Explosives (2008)

Optical standoff detection of hazardous materials has been developed that combines hyperspectral IR imaging, Raman imaging and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Sensor characteristics will be presented.
Nondegenerate Three-Photon Absorption in GaAs (2015)

We present theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of the nondegenerate three-photon absorption coefficient of GaAs, which is enhanced by &gt;3 orders of magnitude over the degenerate case.