gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visibility Rendering Order: Improving Energy Efficiency on Mobile GPUs through Frame Coherence (2018)

During real-time graphics rendering, objects are processed by the GPU in the order they are submitted by the CPU, and occluded surfaces are often processed even though they will end up not being part of the final image, thus wasting precious time and energy. To help discard occluded surfaces, most current GPUs include an Early-Depth test before the fragment processing stage. However, to be effective it requires that opaque objects are processed in a front-to-back order. Depth sorting and other occlusion culling techniques at the object level incur overheads that are only offset for applications having substantial depth and/or fragment shading complexity, which is often not the case in mobile workloads. We propose a novel architectural technique for GPUs, Visibility Rendering Order (VRO), which reorders objects front-to-back entirely in hardware by exploiting the fact that the objects in graphics animated applications tend to keep its relative depth order across consecutive frames (temporal coherence). Since order relationships are already tested by the Depth Test, VRO incurs minimal energy overheads because it just requires adding a small hardware to capture that information and use it later to guide the rendering of the following frame. Moreover, unlike other approaches, this unit works in parallel with the graphics pipeline without any performance overhead. We illustrate the benefits of VRO using various unmodified commercial 3D applications for which VRO achieves 27 percent speed-up and 15.8 percent energy reduction on average over a state-of-the-art mobile GPU.
Social learning and verbal communication with humanoid robots (2001)

Trabajo presentado a la IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, celebrada en New York (US) en 2001.
Ligand Engineered Metal−Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide (2021)

The economic feasibility of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) relies on the development of highly selective and efficient catalysts operating at a high current density. Herein, we explore a ligand engineering strategy involving the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and combining the desirable features of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for boosting the activity of CO 2 RR. Zn-based MOFs involving two different azolate functional ligands i.e., 1,2,4-triazole (Calgary Framework-20, CALF-20) and 2-methylimidazole (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, ZIF-8) were investigated for CO 2 RR in an alkaline flow cell electrolyzer. The highest CO partial current density of 53.2 mA/cm 2 was observed for a Zn-based MOF (CALF-20). CALF-20 showed the highest reported Faradaic efficiency of Zn-based MOFs for CO production (ca. 94% at -0.969 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), with a TOF of 1360.8 h -1 and a partial current density -32.8 mA/cm 2 . Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) results indicate that the sp 2 carbon atoms in azole ligands coordinated with the metal center in the MOFs are the active sites for CO 2 RR, due to the fully occupied 3 d orbital of Zn(II) centers. Ab initio investigation shows that both azolate frameworks in CALF-20 and ZIF-8 have most favorable adsorption sites at the N− sp 2 C. Adopting the triazole ligand in CALF-20 enhances the charge transfer (as compared with diazole group in ZIF-8), which induces more electrons in the adjacent active sites at the azole ligand and facilitates *COOH formation, boosting the current density and Faradaic efficiency towards CO production. This study suggests that ligand engineering in MOFs could be a viable approach to design highly efficient CO 2 RR catalyst.
Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions of <i>N</i>-Allylbenzotriazoles with Amines and Sulfonamides:  A Facile Route to Functionalized Allylamines and <i>N</i>-Allylsulfonamides (2000)

A variety of functionalized N-allylamines and N-allylsulfonamides are synthesized by Pd(II)-catalyzed intermolecular amination of the corresponding N-allylbenzotriazoles.
Dalla narrazione all’esperienza in laboratorio: giochiamo e ragioniamo sull’Energia (2016)

The present work explores the role of stories in science education and how it can be related to laboratorial experiences. An example in a laboratory about Energy aims to illustrate the value and significance of forms of playing during the scientific experience. The laboratory deals with active learning and hence the didactic utility of narratives: we would promote emotions use, as a bridge between our experiences and an embodied experience of natural phenomenon.
Compact SIW based multimode filters for future generation wireless front-ends (2015)

International audience
Dynamics of the formation of CD4 from the direct reaction of incident D atoms with CD3/Cu(111) (1996)

Using molecular beam techniques we find that incident D atoms can abstract CD3 from a Cu(111) surface to yield CD4 in a direct (Eley–Rideal) gas–surface reaction with a cross section of ∼10−16 cm2/D atom. Dynamical evidence for a direct reaction includes the observation of an extremely sharp angular distribution that is clearly displaced from the surface normal, and the determination of a very high translational energy of the product, Ef, which is ∼2 eV. For a 0.25 eV D-atom beam incident at 45° on a 95 K surface, this energy varies with the detection angle, θf, as Ef(θf)=(1.8+θf/45) eV, where θf&amp;lt;0° in the ‘‘backscattering’’ direction. For these conditions, the angular distribution approximately follows the function cos70(θf−5.5), being peaked 5.5° from the normal with a full width at half maximum of &amp;lt;17°. Lowering the beam energy to 0.07 eV gives a broader angular distribution peaked at about 1.5° from the normal, consistent with cos60(θf−1.5). The reaction with 0.25 eV H incident at 45° gives a similar distribution peaked at ∼3.5° from the normal. The shifts in the angular distributions are approximately consistent with parallel momentum conservation. The CD3/Cu(111) surface was prepared by thermal dissociation of CD3I on the surface or by adsorbing CD3 directly from a CD3 beam produced by the pyrolysis of azomethane.
Generation of polarized shear Alfvén waves by a rotating magnetic field source (2009)

Experiments are performed in the Large Plasma Device at the University of California, Los Angeles to study the propagation of field-aligned, polarized kinetic shear Alfvén waves radiated from a rotating magnetic field source created via a novel phased orthogonal loop antenna. Both right and left hand circular polarizations are generated at a wide range of frequencies from 0.21≤ω/Ωci&amp;lt;0.93. Propagation parallel to the background magnetic field near the Alfvén velocity is observed along with a small parallel wave magnetic field component implying a shear mode. The peak-to-peak magnitude of the wave magnetic field, 33 cm away from the antenna, is on the order of 0.8% of the background field and drops off in the far field. The full width at half maximum of the wave energy changes little over a distance of 2.5 parallel wavelengths while the exponential decrease in wave energy as a function of distance can be attributed to collisional damping. Evidence of electron heating and ionization is observed during the pulse.
Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 6: Discography for patient selection (2014)

Identifying the etiology of pain for patients suffering from chronic low-back pain remains problematic. Noninvasive imaging modalities, used in isolation, have not consistently provided sufficient evidence to support performance of a lumbar fusion. Provocative testing has been used as an adjunct in this assessment, either alone or in combination with other modalities, to enhance the diagnostic capabilities when evaluating patients with low-back pain. There have been a limited number of studies investigating this topic since the publication of the original guidelines. Based primarily on retrospective studies, discography, as a stand-alone test, is not recommended to formulate treatment strategies for patients with low-back pain. A single randomized cohort study demonstrated an improved potential of discoblock over discography as a predictor of success following lumbar fusion. It is therefore recommended that discoblock be considered as a diagnostic option. There is a possibility, based on a matched cohort study, that an association exists between progression of degenerative disc disease and the performance of a provocative discogram. It is therefore recommended that patients be counseled regarding this potential development prior to undergoing discography.
A Sub-Sampling Digital PM/AM Noise Measurement System (2012)

A digital phase/amplitude modulation (PM/AM) noise measurement system (DNMS) implementing field programmable gate array (FPGA) based digital down converters (DDCs), and 250 MHz analog to digital co...
Optical properties of Er<sup>3+</sup>ions in new fluoroarsenate glasses (2002)

A new glass in the fluoroarsenate family was fabricated and doped with Er<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. The compositions made are (Na<SUB>4</SUB>As<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>)<SUB>40</SUB> (BaF<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>30</SUB> (YF<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>x</SUB> with xequals 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5. The optical properties of Er<SUP>3+</SUP> ions were established in terms of absorption and emission spectra, Judd-Ofelt calculations, and lifetime measurements in the visible and infrared domains. Because of the presence of arsenic, these glasses show lower phonon energies than their fluorophosphate counterparts. As a result, the green emission from the <SUP>4</SUP>S<SUB>3/2</SUB> level of Er<SUP>3+</SUP> can be observed. At concentration of 0.1 mol $ ErF<SUB>3</SUB>, the experimental lifetime for <SUP>4</SUP>S<SUB>3/2</SUB> is well accounted for by thermalization processes and the occurrence of multiphonon relaxations. For the <SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>11/2</SUB> and <SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>13/2</SUB> levels, the lifetime is maximum for 1% erbium concentration, due to the occurrence of signal self-absorption. Excellent agreement is obtained between the radiative and experimental lifetimes of the <SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>13/2</SUB> level, which validates the application of the Judd-Ofelt theory.
Complexity resolved: profile of a Slovenian child with protracted phonological development over an intervention period (2022)

This paper describes the complex phonological patterns of one Slovenian-speaking girl with protracted phonological development who received phonological intervention. At 4;6, the child's word length, stress and vowels were age-level, but she showed reduced match levels (accuracy) for syllable structure and consonants. Unusual constraints on word position and sequences, particularly concerning fricatives and stops, resulted in many assimilations, reduplications and metatheses. Addressing these constraints in the first intervention period (to 4;9) led to higher overall accuracy and a transition from less typical to more typical mismatches ("errors"), e.g., sibilant grooving (stridency) and rhotic production as singletons and in clusters. The profile focuses on that initial pre- and post-treatment period, giving a brief overview of the follow-up intervention and outcomes and reflecting on implications for future research and clinical practice.<sup>1</sup><sup>1</sup> The abstract is available in Slovenian language (see Supplementary material).
A metabolomics approach using juvenile cystic mice to identify urinary biomarkers and altered pathways in polycystic kidney disease (2010)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease and affects 1 in 1,000 individuals. Ultrasound is most often used to diagnose ADPKD; such a modality is only useful late in the disease after macroscopic cysts are present. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that there are common cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for cystogenesis in human and murine PKD regardless of the genes mutated, and, in the case of complex metabolomic analysis, the use of a mouse model has distinct advantages for proof of principle over a human study. Therefore, in this study we utilized a urinary metabolomics-based investigation using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry to demonstrate that the cystic mouse can be discriminated from its wild-type counterpart by urine analysis alone. At day 26 of life, before there is serological evidence of kidney dysfunction, affected mice are distinguishable by urine metabolomic analysis; this finding persists through 45 days until 64 days, at which time body weight differences confound the results. Using functional score analysis and the KEGG pathway database, we identify several biologically relevant metabolic pathways which are altered very early in this disease, the most highly represented being the purine and galactose metabolism pathways. In addition, we identify several specific candidate biomarkers, including allantoic acid and adenosine, which are augmented in the urine of young cystic mice. These markers and pathway components, once extended to human disease, may prove useful as a noninvasive means of diagnosing cystic kidney diseases and to suggest novel therapeutic approaches. Thus, urine metabolomics has great diagnostic potential for cystic renal disorders and deserves further study.
Free-flow wind speed from a blade-mounted flow sensor (2018)

Abstract. This paper presents a method for obtaining the free-inflow velocities from a 3-D flow sensor mounted on the blade of a wind turbine. From its position on the rotating blade, e.g. one-third from the tip, a blade-mounted flow sensor (BMFS) is able to provide valuable information about the turbulent sheared inflow in different regions of the rotor. At the rotor, however, the inflow is affected by the wind turbine, and in most cases the wind of interest is the inflow that the wind turbine is exposed to, i.e. the free-inflow velocities. The current method applies a combination of aerodynamic models and procedures to estimate the induced velocities, i.e. the disturbance of the flow field caused by the wind turbine. These velocities are subtracted from the flow velocities measured by the BMFS to obtain the free-inflow velocities. Aeroelastic codes, like HAWC2, typically use a similar approach to calculate the induction, but they use it for the reversed process, i.e. they add the induction to the free inflow to get the flow velocities at the blades, which are required to calculate the resulting aerodynamic forces. The aerodynamic models included in the current method comprise models based on blade element momentum (BEM) for axial and tangential induction, a radial induction model and tip loss correction, and models for skew and dynamic inflow. It is shown that the method is able to calculate the free-inflow velocities with high accuracy when applied to aeroelastic HAWC2 simulations with a stiff structural model while some deviations are seen in simulations with a flexible structure. Furthermore, the method is tested on simulations performed by a flexible structural model coupled with a large-eddy simulation (LES) flow solver. The results of this higher-fidelity verification confirm the HAWC2-based conclusion.
Novel 3D imaging platform tracks cancer progression <i>in vivo</i> (2016)

Optical imaging underpins biomedical research in many respects and recent decades have seen spectacular advances, particularly in fluorescence imaging where genetic engineering approaches to labelling have been combined with new light sources, detectors and data analysis techniques to provide capabilities like super-resolution beyond the diffraction limit, exquisite spectroscopic contrast for molecular readouts and high-speed image capture for in vivo and high-throughput applications. However, the main impact of such advanced instrumentation and data analysis has been to provide unprecedented quantitative 2D and 3D information concerning samples compatible with microscopy where volumes of less than 1 mm3 are typically imaged in a single ‘acquisition’. The ability to view and measure cellular processes and signalling pathways in live cells has been a significant advance for biomedical research and drug discovery. However, for conventional microscope-based assays and experiments, the samples typically comprise thin layers of cells that are not experiencing the same signals that they would in a 3D tissue context and any findings may not directly translate to live organisms. It is desirable to study disease processes in live intact organisms that can provide appropriate physiological complexity. For cancer studies, recent research from our group shows that optical tomography can be used to directly monitor in vivo changes in tumour growth and vascular development in a zebrafish cancer model over time. This technique not only improves the value of the collected data, but if used on a wider scale should result in a reduction in the number of animals used in biomedical research.
Laser-Initiated Polymerization of Multifunctional Acrylates: Repetition Rate Effects on Percent Conversion (1990)

The pulsed laser-initiated polymerization of multifunctional acrylates has been investigated using a photocalorimeter. In the case where a limited number of pulses are delivered to the sample, the extent of conversion decreases as the laser repetition rate increases. However, for a large number of pulses, higher repetition rates do not lead to decreases in the overall degree of conversion.
Characterization of Single-Sided Charge-Sharing CZT Strip Detectors for Gamma-Ray Astronomy (2006)

We report progress in the study of thick single-sided charge-sharing cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) strip detector modules designed to perform spectroscopy and 3-D imaging of gamma-rays. We report laboratory measurements including spectroscopy, efficiency and 3-D imaging capability of prototype detectors (15 × 15 × 7.5mm3) with 11×11 unit cells. We also report on Monte Carlo simulations (GEANT4 v7.1) to investigate the effect of multihits on detector performance in both spectroscopy and imaging. We compare simulation results with data obtained from laboratory measurements and discuss the implications for future strip detector designs.
Thermoreversible Reverse-Phase-Shift Foam for Treatment of Noncompressible Torso Hemorrhage, a Safety Trial in a Porcine Model (2022)

This study describes the characteristics, survival, and histological analysis of using FOAM in a porcine model. In our study, FOAM reached the desired intra-abdominal pressure endpoint while not significantly altering basic hematologic parameters, except for transient elevations of creatinine and lactate on day 1. Furthermore, there was no clinical or histological relevant evidence of ischemia, necrosis, or intra-abdominal compartment syndrome. These results provide strong support for the safety of the FOAM device and will support the design of further regulatory studies in swine and humans.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices around hand drying in public bathrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)

Hand drying is the critical, final step of handwashing. A cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults assessed self-reported hand drying practices in public bathrooms and found increased preference for using electric hand dryers, wiping hands on clothing, and shaking hands and decreased preference for using paper towels during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to before. Respondents expressed concerns about contacting SARS-CoV-2 when touching surfaces in public bathrooms which may be influencing self-reported drying method preference.
X-Cut Lithium Niobate Series-Parallel Resonator Configuration Boosts Passive Voltage Amplification for Wake-Up Receivers to 46 V/V (2019)

This work reports on the use of X-cut Lithium Niobate (LN) microelectromechanical resonators in a series-parallel configuration (L-network) to boost passive voltage amplification in asynchronous Wake-Up Radio Receivers (WuRx) to 46 V/V - the highest passive voltage gain ever attained for WuRx with large capacitive input impedance ( Cload). We harness the quality factor ( at 50 MHz) and electromechanical coupling ( ) of X-cut LN resonators and configure them in a series-parallel network to provide passive voltage amplification when driving a capacitive load (e.g. the input impedance of an envelope detector). The use of this L-network is disruptive over the conventional use of a single series resonator and provides more than 30% gain improvement. The proposed technique requires two identical resonators and is robust against frequency variations. Finally, it requires the use of smaller resonators for a given capacitive load, making it further immune to gain variations experienced when using large parallel arrays of resonators.
Electrical and Morphological Properties of ALD and AVD Grown Perovskite-Type Dielectrics and Their Stacks for Metal-Insulator-Metal Applications (2012)

Atomic Vapor Deposition (AVD) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) techniques were successfully applied for the depositions of perovskite type dielectrics, namely, Sr-Ta-O, Ti-Ta-O, Sr-Ti-O, Ba-Hf-O, Nb-Ta-O and Ce-Al-O. Thin films were investigated as alternative dielectrics for Metal-Insulator-Insulator (MIM) capacitors. Morphological and electrical properties were investigated after depositing the oxides on 200 mm TiN/Si (100) substrates in the temperature range of 225–400 °C. Electrical properties, investigated after sputter deposition of the Au top electrodes, revealed that the main characteristics were different for each dielectric. The highest dielectric constants were achieved for crystalline SrTiO3 (k = 95), crystalline CeAlO3 (k = 60) and amorphous Ti-Ta-O (k = 50) films. However, Sr-Ta-O based MIM capacitors showed the lowest leakage current densities as well as the smallest capacitance-voltage linearity coefficients. After identification of the properties of single oxide based MIMs, the alternative solutions with stacked SrTiO3/SrTaO and SrTiO3/Al2O3 dielectrics, which possessed superior electrical properties are proposed and investigated.
Single-cell qPCR Assay with Massively Parallel Microfluidic System (2020)

The single-cell transcriptome is the set of messenger RNA molecules expressed in one cell. It is extremely variable and changes according to external, physical and biochemical conditions. Due to sensitivity shortages, most of genetic studies use bulk samples, providing only the average gene expression. Single-cell technologies have provided a powerful approach to a more detailed understanding of the heterogenic populations and minority cells. However, since it is still a quite novel technique, standardized protocol has to be established. Single-cell qPCR, although partly limited by the number of genes, is relatively simple to analyze. Therefore, its use is accessible without the necessity to recourse to complex bioinformatics analyses. The main steps for single-cell qPCR, as illustrated in this protocol, are composed by single-cell isolation, cell lysate, cDNA reverse-transcription synthesis, amplification for cDNA library generation, and finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction.