gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of Two Peculiar Types of Electronic Dispersive Structures in Thallium Selenide Studied by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (2014)

Two peculiar types of electronic dispersive structures, irreproducible in bulk band calculations, have been observed in quasi-one-dimensional TlSe studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. One is of the cross type centered at the Γ point and extending along the Γ–H–T direction parallel to the chains, which are formed along the crystallographic c-axis. The other is of the pyramid type with truncated pyramids regularly arranged along the Γ–N direction perpendicular to the chains. To an extent given by the obtained excitation photon energy dependence, the above electronic structures can be assigned to high-lying surface conduction bands resulting from secondary electron emission.
Socializing by Day May Affect Performance by Night: Vulnerability to Sleep Deprivation is Differentially Mediated by Social Exposure in Extraverts vs Introverts (2010)

Study Objectives: To examine the effects of socially enriched versus socially impoverished environments on performance and alertness decline during sleep deprivation in extraverts versus introverts.Design: Participants (n = 29 men, n = 19 women) were assigned to socially enriched (n = 24; 13 introverts, 11 extraverts) or socially impoverished (n = 24; 12 introverts, 12 extraverts) conditions (activities matched) for 12 hours (1000-2200) on Day 1 followed by 22 hours of sleep deprivation (2200-2000; 36 h awake total), monitored by actigraphy.The median split of volunteers' Eysenck Extraversion scores was used for extravert/introvert categorization.The Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), modified Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT), and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) were administered every 2 hours throughout.PVT speed, transformed lapses, modified MWT sleep-onset latency, and SSS were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance, with covariates of age and total actigraphic activity during enrichment or impoverishment.Setting: Residential sleep/performance testing facility.Participants: Forty-eight healthy adults (aged 18-39).Interventions: Twelve hours of socially enriched or isolated environments in extraverts and introverts prior to sleep deprivation.Results: Social experience interacted with personality type to affect alertness and vigilance.Social enrichment, as compared with social impoverishment, was associated with more PVT lapses at 04:00 overall.Similarly, following social enrichment, PVT speed was significantly slower among extraverts than among introverts during sleep deprivation, but no personality-group differences emerged following social impoverishment.MWT sleep latency and SSS subjective sleepiness did not show significant personality or social-condition effects during sleep deprivation. Conclusions:The effect of social exposure on vulnerability or resiliency to sleep deprivation was modulated by introversion and extraversion.Extraverts exposed to social environments were more vulnerable to subsequent sleep deprivation than were introverts.
Direct noise predictions of fan broadband noise using LES and analytical models (2022)

In the present study, we analyze the broadband noise of an ultra high by-pass ratio fan/OGV stage developed at Ecole Centrale de Lyon. Wall-modeled large eddy simulations (LES) of a periodic fan/OGV sector are performed at approach conditions on an unstructured grid that is well refined for direct noise propagation. Comparisons between wall-resolved and wall-modeled computations are performed using a 2.5D simplified configuration of the fan/OGV stage, and show a good agreement. This justifies the use of wall-modeled simulations for the full-span configuration. A good agreement is found between LES and RANS aerodynamic results. However, some differences can be found in the tip gap region and near the hub, where large coherent structures appear. Additionally, a small recirculation bubble can be observed from approximately 60% of the fan blade span in the LES. In this study, the broadband noise is directly computed from the fully-compressible LES solver and compared with predictions from available analytical models. The input data for the analytical models, such as mean and turbulent flow statistics, are obtained from the LES computation. A good agreement is found for the predicted sound power levels between direct LES noise predictions and the LES-informed analytical models. This confirms the capability of the LES numerical setup to directly predict far-field noise. However, some discrepancies can be observed at low frequencies. These might be attributed to the additional noise sources that are present in the LES, which are not considered by the analytical models.
The Interaction of Liposomal Amphotericin B and Serum Lipoproteins within the Biological Milieu (1994)

Previously, we have shown that liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmpB) is less nephrotoxic than and equally as effective as free AmpB as treatment of patients with systemic fungal infections; The mechanism of L-AmpB's enhanced therapeutic index, however, remains unknown. This review discusses AmpB's association with lipoproteins, predominantly high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and the biological relevance of transferring AmpB to HDL. We observed that AmpB was less toxic to pig kidney cells when associated with HDL but still remains toxic when associated with low-density lipoproteins (LDL). AmpB's association with HDL or LDL does not alter its antifungal activity. We further found that these kidney cells express high- and low-affinity LDL receptors but only low-affinity HDL receptors. The reduced renal cytotoxicity of HDL-associated AmpB may be due to its lack of interaction with the renal cells, since they have no HDL receptors. Since AmpB interacts with cholesteryl esters in serum, whose transfer between HDL and LDL is regulated by lipid transfer protein (LTP), we addressed the role of this protein on the distribution of AmpB between HDL and LDL. The addition of LTP altered the lipoprotein distribution of AmpB but not of L-AmpB. Furthermore L-AmpB, but not AmpB (except at 20 micrograms/ml), inhibited the LTP-mediated transfer of cholesterol esters from HDL to LDL. It appears therefore, that the decreased nephrotoxicity associated with L-AmpB administration is related to its predominant distribution to HDL, which is regulated by inhibiting of LTP-mediated cholesterol esters transfer activity.
Direct characterization of amyloidogenic oligomers by single-molecule fluorescence (2008)

A key issue in understanding the pathogenic conditions associated with the aberrant aggregation of misfolded proteins is the identification and characterization of species formed during the aggregation process. Probing the nature of such species has, however, proved to be extremely challenging to conventional techniques because of their transient and heterogeneous character. We describe here the application of a two-color single-molecule fluorescence technique to examine the assembly of oligomeric species formed during the aggregation of the SH3 domain of PI3 kinase. The single-molecule experiments show that the species formed at the stage of the reaction where aggregates have previously been found to be maximally cytotoxic are a heterogeneous ensemble of oligomers with a median size of 38 +/- 10 molecules. This number is remarkably similar to estimates from bulk measurements of the critical size of species observed to seed ordered fibril formation and of the most infective form of prion particles. Moreover, although the size distribution of the SH3 oligomers remains virtually constant as the time of aggregation increases, their stability increases substantially. These findings together provide direct evidence for a general mechanism of amyloid aggregation in which the stable cross-beta structure emerges via internal reorganization of disordered oligomers formed during the lag phase of the self-assembly reaction.
Role of Relaxin in Maternal Renal Vasodilation of Pregnancy (2005)

The remarkable hemodynamic changes of normal pregnancy are briefly reviewed. In addition, new findings and current concepts related to the underlying hormonal and molecular mechanisms are presented. Finally, work that is in progress as well as future directions is briefly discussed.
The Effect of External Magnetic Field on the Plasma Induced by Laser Ablation in Vacuum (2011)

During short-pulsed laser ablation (machining) process at sufficiently high intensities, a plasma plume may be generated above the target surface. In this paper, the effect of external magnetic fields on laser-induced plasma has been studied using a physics-based model. In the model, hydrodynamic equations coupled with wide-range equations of state are solved numerically using a finite-difference essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) method. The magnetic field affects the plasma evolution by inducing electric currents, and the associated electromagnetic force and Joule heating effect in the plasma. The study shows that the external magnetic field may decrease the plasma front expanding speed, and increase the plasma temperature. The study provides useful information for the fundamental study of laser-induced plasma, and for the practical applications of short-pulsed lasers in laser ablation (machining), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and other areas, where laser-induced plasma may play a very important role.
Direct Ink Writing of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) with Tunable Mechanical Properties (2019)

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) is a unique polymer with highly desirable properties such as resistance to chemical degradation, biocompatibility, hydrophobicity, antistiction, and low friction coefficient. However, due to its high melt viscosity, it is not possible to three-dimensional (3D)-print PTFE structures using nozzle-based extrusion. Here, we report a new and versatile strategy for 3D-printing PTFE structures using direct ink writing (DIW). Our approach is based on a newly formulated PTFE nanoparticle ink and thermal treatment process. The ink was formulated by mixing an aqueous dispersion of surfactant-stabilized PTFE nanoparticles with a binding gum to optimize its shear-thinning properties required for DIW. We developed a multistage thermal treatment to fuse the PTFE nanoparticles, solidify the printed structures, and remove the additives. We have extensively characterized the rheological and mechanical properties and processing parameters of these structures using imaging, mechanical testing, and statistical design of experiments. Importantly, several of the mechanical and structural properties of the final-printed PTFE structures resemble that of compression-molded PTFE, and additionally, the mechanical properties are tunable. We anticipate that this versatile approach facilitates the production of 3D-printed PTFE components using DIW with significant potential applications in engineering and medicine.
Fructan biosynthesis and degradation as part of plant metabolism controlling sugar fluxes during durum wheat kernel maturation (2015)

Wheat kernels contain fructans, fructose based oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties, in levels between 2 and 35 weight % depending on the developmental stage of the kernel. To improve knowledge on the metabolic pathways leading to fructan storage and degradation, carbohydrate fluxes occurring during durum wheat kernel development were analyzed. Kernels were collected at various developmental stages and quali-quantitative analysis of carbohydrates (mono- and di-saccharides, fructans, starch) was performed, alongside analysis of the activities and gene expression of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and hydrolysis. High resolution HPAEC-PAD of fructan contained in durum wheat kernels revealed that fructan content is higher at the beginning of kernel development, when fructans with higher DP, such as bifurcose and 1,1-nystose, were mainly found. The changes in fructan pool observed during kernel maturation might be part of the signaling pathways influencing carbohydrate metabolism and storage in wheat kernels during development. During the first developmental stages fructan accumulation may contribute to make kernels more effective Suc sinks and to participate in osmotic regulation while the observed decrease in their content may mark the transition to later developmental stages, transition that is also orchestrated by changes in redox balance.
236. Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Do Not Contribute to Endocrine Pancreas Regeneration in Diabetic RIP/IGF-I Transgenic Mice (2005)

Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing -cells of pancreatic islets. Although islet transplantation leads to successful insulin delivery, shortage of donors limits a broad application of this therapy, and thereby new sources of -cells are required. Bone marrow is an important source of easily procurable adult stem cells, and cells derived from bone marrow compartment have shown to possess pluripotent capabilities. Indeed, some studies have found an important contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the pancreatic -cells, while other studies did not reach the same conclusions. It has been discussed that these controversial results could be due to different experimental conditions, such as bone marrow transplantation protocols, methods used for the measurements, and the model of pancreatic damage. Overexpression of IGF-I specifically in -cells in transgenic mice (RIP/IGF-I) lead to recovery from type 1 diabetes by increasing -cell neogenesis and replication, and by counteracting apoptosis in -cells after STZ treatment. Here we studied the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the -cell mass of STZ-treated and non-treated RIP/IGF-I transgenic mice. Bone marrow from GFP transgenic mouse was transplanted into control and RIP/IGF-I transgenic mice. One month later, diabetes was induced by STZ injection in 50% control and 50% transgenic mice. Blood glucose levels of control mice reach values over 400mg/dl, while transgenic mice remained mild hyperglycemic (about 200mg/dl). All animals were killed 4 months after the transplant and both mice under steady-state conditions and STZ-treated were analyzed for chimerism in pancreatic tissue. Chimerism in peripheral blood cells was >80% one month after the transplant and was maintained at the endpoint of the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of the pancreas revealed that most of the GFP+ cells were found in the interstitium of both exocrine and endocrine tissue, and some groups were detected near the ducts. However, no significant in vivo differentiation of bone marrow into -cells was observed, neither in healthy nor in STZ-treated RIP/IGF-I mouse. Thus, neither pancreatic damage induced by STZ nor growth factor overexpression was sufficient to recruit and differentiate bone marrow cells into endocrine cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that bone marrow stem cells have a limited capacity to differentiate into -cells in vivo, and thereby they do not contribute to endocrine pancreas regeneration of RIP/IGF-I transgenic mice.
In-Situ RHEED Monitoring of Hydrogen Plasma Cleaning on Semiconductor Surfaces (1990)

The first trial of in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) monitoring of cleaning processes on semiconductor surfaces with hydrogen (H) plasma was performed. The cleaning time on (100) GaAs surfaces decreased for the higher temperature, while that on (100) Si surfaces increased for the higher temperature. This opposite tendency in the temperature dependence was studied with the measured temperature dependence of the etch rate and the in-situ quadrupole mass spectroscopy. The dependence of the Si surface reconstruction on the angle of incidence of the H-plasma beam is also reported for the first time.
Aspirin Use, 8q24 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs6983267, and Colorectal Cancer According to CTNNB1 Alterations (2013)

Our results support an influence of aspirin on WNT/CTNNB1 signaling and suggest that aspirin chemoprevention may be tailored according to rs6983267 genotype.
Designing cognitive-based game mechanisms for mobile educational games to promote cognitive thinking: an analysis of flow state and game-based learning behavioral patterns (2021)

This study proposed a cognitive-based game mechanism based on the revised Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive processing dimensions. Moreover, a mobile Chinese history educational game, Void Broken: The Qing Dynasty, was developed based on the cognitive-based game mechanism to promote learners’ cognitive thinking in history learning. This empirical study conducted an experiment with a quasi-experiment design and the participants were 70 high school freshmen from northern Taiwan, who were selected by convenience sampling. The present study analyzed the participants’ historical knowledge gains and flow state. This study proposed an operational behavior coding scheme to analyze learning behaviors and evaluate the proposed cognitive-based game mechanism design and conducted sequential analyses to explore their learning behavioral patterns and their collaborative problem solving (CPS) behaviors in the game-based learning (GBL) process. The results suggested that the mechanism helped learners’ historical knowledge gains, flow, and CPS behaviors. The high flow groups showed more multifaceted and active problem-solving behavioral patterns than the low flow groups. We suggest educational game designers consider including the cognitive-based game mechanism and flow antecedents into their game designs.
Innovative hybrid welding process in an industrial application (2000)

Joining of metallic materials by the application of hybrid welding techniques meanwhile has been brought to several industrial applications. This contribution reports basics and practical experiences on hybrid welding of the combined procedures Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG) and Laser Beam Welding (CO2). The hybrid welding process was developed for an industrial application for joining oil vessels as a replacement for conventional welding. By the use of conventional welding it was necessary to weld the material from both sides. Using the hybrid process only one-pass welding from the upper side is required. The material applied was S235JR (DIN EN 10025) at material thicknesses between 5 and 9 mm. The following technological and economical advantages will be discussed: improved gap filling and better weld seam appearancehigh-quality treatment of weld materialenhanced process efficiencyimproved productivity by realization of higher welding speedsreduced operating costs concerning energy input
3,4-Dimethyl-2-phenyl-1-phosphaferrocene (2007)

The geometric parameters of the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C12H12P)], are in the usual ranges. The dihedral angle between the two five-membered rings is 5.73 (11)° and the phenyl ring is twisted by 49.65 (5)° with respect to the phosphacyclo­penta­dienyl ring.
QDTrack: Quasi-Dense Similarity Learning for Appearance-Only Multiple Object Tracking (2023)

Similarity learning has been recognized as a crucial step for object tracking. However, existing multiple object tracking methods only use sparse ground truth matching as the training objective, while ignoring the majority of the informative regions in images. In this paper, we present Quasi-Dense Similarity Learning, which densely samples hundreds of object regions on a pair of images for contrastive learning. We combine this similarity learning with multiple existing object detectors to build Quasi-Dense Tracking (QDTrack), which does not require displacement regression or motion priors. We find that the resulting distinctive feature space admits a simple nearest neighbor search at inference time for object association. In addition, we show that our similarity learning scheme is not limited to video data, but can learn effective instance similarity even from static input, enabling a competitive tracking performance without training on videos or using tracking supervision. We conduct extensive experiments on a wide variety of popular MOT benchmarks. We find that, despite its simplicity, QDTrack rivals the performance of state-of-the-art tracking methods on all benchmarks and sets a new state-of-the-art on the large-scale BDD100K MOT benchmark, while introducing negligible computational overhead to the detector.
Transition path sampling of water exchange rates and mechanisms around aqueous ions (2009)

The rates and mechanisms of water exchange around two aqueous ions, namely, Na(+) and Fe(2+), have been determined using transition path sampling. In particular, the pressure dependence of the water exchange rates was computed to determine activation volumes. A common approach for calculating water exchange rates, the reactive flux method, was also employed and the two methods were compared. The water exchange rate around Na(+) is fast enough to be calculated by direct molecular dynamics simulations, thus providing a reference for comparison. Both approaches predicted exchange rates and activation volumes in agreement with the direct simulation results. Four additional sodium potential models were considered to compare the results of this work with the only activation volume for Na(+) previously determined from molecular simulation [D. Spangberg et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 276, 114 (1997)] and provide the best possible estimate of the activation volume based on the ability of the models to reproduce known properties of the aqueous sodium ion. The Spangberg and Hermansson [D. Spangberg and K. Hermansson, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 4829 (2004)] and X-Plor/Charmm-22 [M. Patra and M. Karttunen, J. Comput. Chem. 25, 678 (2004)] models performed best and predicted activation volumes of -0.22 and -0.78 cm(3) mol(-1), respectively. For water exchange around Fe(2+), transition path sampling predicts an activation volume of +3.8 cm(3) mol(-1), in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. The potential of mean force calculation in the reactive flux approach, however, failed to sufficiently sample appropriate transition pathways and the opposite pressure dependence of the rate was predicted as a result. Analysis of the reactive trajectories obtained with the transition path sampling approach suggests that the Fe(2+) exchange reaction takes place via an associative interchange mechanism, which goes against the conventional mechanistic interpretation of a positive activation volume. Collectively, considerable insight was obtained not only for the exchange rates and mechanisms for Na(+) and Fe(2+) but also for identifying the most robust modeling strategy for these purposes.
Disturbance Estimation for Longitudinal Vehicle Dynamics Control at Low Speeds (2017)

Highly automated driving is one of the major visions in automotive research. Low speed autonomy like e.g. highly automated parking is an essential intermediate step towards that goal. While lateral control for automated parking is already successfully implemented in series production, major disturbances such as curbs still challenge longitudinal control. This paper proposes a disturbance estimator that is capable of estimating external resistance forces which originate from the road and impair longitudinal vehicle control in low speed maneuvers. Particularly, we will focus on curbs that can be treated as a road resistance force. The underlying nonlinear model is derived from an extended single-track model. The model accounts for lateral front tire forces which have a major impact on longitudinal vehicle dynamics at large steering angles. In a simulation study, we evaluate the estimator performance in five reverse driving on-curb parking scenarios and demonstrate that road resistance can be estimated appropriately.