gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic properties and magnetoresistance effect in evaporated NiFeCo films. (1989)

The anisotropic magnetoresistance (MR) ratio and magnetic anisotropy field HK have been examined for (Ni0.82Fe0.18)100-x Cox and Ni82Fe18-xCox evaporated films and those annealed at 320°C for 2 hours, to evaluate their usefulness as MR head materials. For the (Ni0.82Fe0.18)100-x Cox films, MR ratio is almost constant regardless of change in Co concentration. For the Ni82Fe18-xCox films, MR ratio increases as the Co concentration increases. Furthermore, MR ratio after the annealing raises to 5% in the Co concentration range greater than 6 wt%. HK increases as the Co concentration increases, and is not changed by the annealing. The increase in MR ratio by the annealing for the Ni82Fe18-xCox films is related to inhomogeneous strain and lattice defects. For Ni82Fe12Co6 film, 5.1% MR ratio and 7.8Oe HK were obtained. These values seem appropriate for application to MR heads.
Synthesis and Characterization of <sup>89</sup>Zr-Labeled Ultrasmall Nanoparticles (2016)

The ultrasmall nanoparticle AGuIX is a versatile platform that tolerates a range of chemical diversity for theranostic applications. Our previous work showed that AGuIX clears rapidly from normal tissues, while durably accumulating within the tumor microenvironment. On this basis, AGuIX was used to detect tumor tissue with Gd(3+) enhanced MRI and can sensitize tumors to radiation therapy. As we begin the translation of AGuIX, we appreciated that coupling AGuIX to a long-lived radioisotope would help to more completely measure the magnitude and duration of its retention within the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we developed (89)Zr-DFO-AGuIX. AGuIX was coupled to DFO and then to (89)Zr in ∼99% radiochemical yield. Stability studies showed that (89)Zr-DFO-AGuIX did not dissociate after 72 h. In animals bearing U87MG xenografts, it was detectable at levels above background for 72 h. Lastly, (89)Zr-DFO-AGuIX did not accumulate in inflammatory abscesses in vivo, highlighting its specificity for well vascularized tumors.
Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) Study with a Series of 17α‐Derivatives of Estradiol: Model for the Development of Reversible Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors (2009)

Abstract Steroid sulfatase (STS) is the steroidogenic enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of different sulfated steroids into their corresponding hydroxylated forms. This enzyme attracts our attention for its potential role in the growth of hormone‐dependent breast and prostate tumors by the transformation of inactive sulfated precursors (which are very abundant in the blood) into active sex steroids. In order to identify the parameters responsible for good affinity with the active enzyme site and thus producing a good reversible STS inhibitor, we have built a quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) model by using MDL‐QSAR software which analyzes the molecules through more than 400 molecular descriptors. A total of 65 derivatives in position 17α of estradiol with their corresponding IC 50 values were used to create our QSAR model. The linear regression converged through an optimization process to a relatively simple equation described by 4 molecular descriptors (Log P, nelem , κ 0 and κα 3 ). Virtual screening of approximately 200 molecules then enabled us to direct the synthesis of new reversible STS inhibitors.
Observation of a Charged Charmoniumlike Structure in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi></mml:math>at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.26</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>GeV</mml:mi></mml:math> (2013)

We study the process e+ e- →(D* D*)± π∓ at a center-of-mass energy of 4.26 GeV using a 827 pb(-1) data sample obtained with the BESIII detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. Based on a partial reconstruction technique, the Born cross section is measured to be (137±9±15) pb. We observe a structure near the (D* D*)± threshold in the π∓ recoil mass spectrum, which we denote as the Zc±(4025). The measured mass and width of the structure are (4026.3±2.6±3.7) MeV/c2 and (24.8±5.6±7.7) MeV, respectively. Its production ratio σ(e+ e- → Zc±(4025)π∓ → (D* D*)± π∓)/σ(e+ e- → (D* D*)± π∓) is determined to be 0.65±0.09±0.06. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.
Loss minimization for dynamic load trajectories on induction machine drives without torque performance degradation (2015)

This work is to provide a systematic loss minimizing solution for general dynamic load profiles on induction machines, without compromising desired torque dynamics. The drives use deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC), in which torque production and stator flux linkage are fully decoupled and the Volt-sec (incremental stator flux linkage) vectors are the manipulated inputs. Stator flux linkage, as a separate degree-of-freedom, can be controlled dynamically to minimize machine losses at the same time that torque follows the commanded trajectory. With properly formed loss models and accurately captured machine dynamics, dynamic programming is adopted to generate loss minimizing stator flux trajectories for given load trajectories. A sinusoidal approximation for cyclical loading profiles and typical servo velocity profiles with large torque steps, are used to evaluate the proposed solution. Two filter-based methods which have been developed specifically for cyclical loading and servo velocity trajectories, respectively, are compared with the proposed method with respect to energy saving capability. Compared to the existing filter-based solutions, both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the proposed approach achieves better energy savings during the standard industrial trajectories examined here.
Comparison between brain <scp>CT</scp> and <scp>MRI</scp> for voxel‐based morphometry of <scp>A</scp>lzheimer's disease (2013)

The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) technique using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) objectively maps gray matter loss on a voxel-by-voxel basis after anatomic standardization. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), reductions of gray matter volume, mainly in the medial temporal structures, have been reported; however, inhomogeneity and geometric distortion of the field intensity hampers the reproducibility of MRI. In the present study, we developed a novel computed tomography (CT)-based VBM method and used this technique to detect volume loss in AD patients as compared with normal controls. The results were compared with MRI-based VBM using the same subjects. Pittsburgh Compound B ((11)C-PIB) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT was performed and two experts in neuro-nuclear medicine judged whether regional amyloid β load was consistent with a diagnosis of AD. Before the injection of (11)C-PIB, high-quality CT scans were obtained using the same PET/CT equipment. MRI was performed within a mean interval of 25.1 ± 8.2 days before the PET/CT scan. Using statistical parametric mapping 8 (SPM8), the extracted gray matter images from CT and MRI were spatially normalized using a gray matter template and smoothed using a Gaussian kernel. Group comparisons were performed using SPM8 between five (11)C-PIB-positive patients with probable AD and seven (11)C-PIB-negative age-matched controls with normal cognition. Gray matter volumes in the bilateral medial temporal areas were reduced in the AD group as compared with the cognitively normal group in both CT-based VBM (in the left; P < 0.0001, cluster size 2776 and in the right; P < 0.0001, cluster size 630) and MRI-based VBM (in the left; P < 0.0001, cluster size 381 and in the right, P < 0.0001, cluster size 421). This newly developed CT-based VBM technique can detect significant atrophy in the entorhinal cortex in probable AD patients as previously reported using MRI-based VBM. However, CT-VBM was more sensitive and revealed larger areas of significant atrophy than MR-VBM.
Prolonged repolarization and triggered activity induced by adenoviral expression of HERG N629D in cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells (2004)

Overexpression of N629D in cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells results in phenotypic variability in IKr, which was the critical determinant of the resting membrane potential, action potential duration and arrhythmogenic response to low [K+]o.
Detection of Ethanol in Alcoholic Beverages or Vapor Phase Using Fluorescent Molecules Embedded in a Nanofibrous Polymer (2015)

An alcohol sensor was developed using the solid-state fluorescence emission of terphenyl-ol (TPhOH) derivatives. Admixtures of TPhOH and sodium carbonate exhibited bright sky-blue fluorescence in the solid state upon addition of small quantities of ethanol. A series of terphenol derivatives was synthesized, and the effects of solvent polarities and the structures of these π-conjugated systems on their fluorescence were systematically investigated by using fluorescence spectroscopy. In particular, π-extended TPhOHs and TPhOHs containing electron-withdrawing groups exhibited significant solvatochromism, and fluorescence colors varied from blue to red. Detection of ethanol contents in alcohol beverages (detection limit ∼ 5 v/v %) was demonstrated using different TPhOHs revealing the effect of molecular structure on sensing properties. Ethanol contents in alcoholic beverages could be estimated from the intensity of the fluorescence elicited from the TPhOHs. Moreover, when terphenol and Na2CO3 were combined with a water-absorbent polymer, ethanol could be detected at lower concentrations. Detection of ethanol vapor (8 v/v % in air) was also accomplished using a nanofibrous polymer scaffold as the immobilized sensing film.
A Multi-Enzymatic Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Vidarabine 5′-Monophosphate (2020)

We here described a three-step multi-enzymatic reaction for the one-pot synthesis of vidarabine 5′-monophosphate (araA-MP), an antiviral drug, using arabinosyluracil (araU), adenine (Ade), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as precursors. To this aim, three enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of nucleosides and nucleotides were used in a cascade mode after immobilization: uridine phosphorylase from Clostridium perfringens (CpUP), a purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophila (AhPNP), and deoxyadenosine kinase from Dictyostelium discoideum (DddAK). Specifically, CpUP catalyzes the phosphorolysis of araU thus generating uracil and α-d-arabinose-1-phosphate. AhPNP catalyzes the coupling between this latter compound and Ade to form araA (vidarabine). This nucleoside becomes the substrate of DddAK, which produces the 5′-mononucleotide counterpart (araA-MP) using ATP as the phosphate donor. Reaction conditions (i.e., medium, temperature, immobilization carriers) and biocatalyst stability have been balanced to achieve the highest conversion of vidarabine 5′-monophosphate (≥95.5%). The combination of the nucleoside phosphorylases twosome with deoxyadenosine kinase in a one-pot cascade allowed (i) a complete shift in the equilibrium-controlled synthesis of the nucleoside towards the product formation; and (ii) to overcome the solubility constraints of araA in aqueous medium, thus providing a new route to the highly productive synthesis of araA-MP.
Conformational Changes of Papain Induced on Interaction with Thiol Proteinase Inhibitors from Newborn Rat Epidermis (1986)

The conformational changes of the papain molecular on interaction with two thiol proteinase inhibitors (TPI(1) and TPI(2] from newborn rat epidermis were studied by measuring circular dichroism (CD), the difference absorption spectrum, and the fluorescence spectrum due to tryptophan residues in papain. The far-ultraviolet CD band of papain between 210 and 230 nm was distinctly reduced on interaction with both inhibitors. Also, the near-ultraviolet CD spectrum of TPI(1)-bound papain changed between 285 and 320 nm as well as that of the TPI(2)-bound enzyme. The difference absorption spectrum for TPI(1)-bound papain exhibited two distinct peaks at 276.5 and 282 nm, indicating perturbation of aromatic amino acid residues. The fluorescence intensity of papain was significantly decreased on interaction with both inhibitors, which showed pH-dependency on an ionizable group, with pK values of 8.5 and 7.9 for TPI(1) and TPI(2), respectively. The complex formation of papain with both inhibitors caused a reduction of the susceptibility of a tryptophan residue, probably tryptophan-177, to chemical modification with N-bromosuccinimide. These results suggest that the active site involving histidine-159 in the papain molecule was much influenced by the alteration of the microenvironment of tryptophan-177 as a part of the interaction site for these two thiol proteinase inhibitors.
Concurrent Chemoradiation With or Without Durvalumab in Elderly Patients With Unresectable Stage III NSCLC: Safety and Efficacy (2021)

Well-selected elderly patients can be treated safely with CRT followed by durvalumab with similar survival benefits compared with their younger counterparts. We would advocate for the referral of all elderly patients for oncologic assessment to avoid undertreatment.
Advanced cancer is also a heart failure syndrome: a hypothesis (2020)

We present the hypothesis that advanced stage cancer is also a heart failure syndrome. It can develop independently of or in addition to cardiotoxic effects of anti-cancer therapies. This includes an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. We suggest the pathophysiologic link for these developments includes generalized muscle wasting (i.e. sarcopenia) due to tissue homeostasis changes leading to cardiac wasting associated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac wasting with thinning of the ventricular wall increases ventricular wall stress, even in the absence of ventricular dilatation. In addition, arrhythmias may be facilitated by cellular wasting processes affecting structure and function of electrical cells and conduction pathways. We submit that in some patients with advanced cancer (but not terminal cancer), heart failure therapy or defibrillators may be relevant treatment options. The key points in selecting patients for such therapies may be the predicted life expectancy, quality of life at intervention time, symptomatic burden, and consequences for further anti-cancer therapies. The cause of death in advanced cancer is difficult to ascertain and consensus on event definitions in cancer is not established yet. Clinical investigations on this are called for. Broader ethical considerations must be taken into account when aiming to target cardiovascular problems in cancer patients. We suggest that focused attention to evaluating cardiac wasting and arrhythmias in cancer will herald a further evolution in the rapidly expanding field of cardio-oncology.
Cheating Detectable Secret Sharing Schemes for Random Bit Strings (2013)

In secret sharing scheme, Tompa and Woll considered a problem of cheaters who try to make another participant reconstruct an invalid secret. Later, some models of such cheating were formalized and lower bounds of the size of shares were shown in the situation of fixing the minimum successful cheating probability. Under the assumption that cheaters do not know the distributed secret, no efficient scheme is known which can distribute bit strings. In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme for distributing bit strings with an arbitrary access structure. When distributing a random bit string with threshold access structures, the bit length of shares in the proposed scheme is only a few bits longer than the lower bound.
Effects of sowing date on ryegrass and tall fescue establishment by direct-drilling (1995)

The effects of sowing date on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) establishment by no-tillage were assessed in the autumn of 1993. Establishment began on 1 March 1993 and continued at 21 day intervals through to 24 June 1993. Tall fescue emergence (mean = 19% of sown seed) and ensuing plant populations (362 plants/m2) was significantly lower than that for ryegrass (65% emergence and 559 plants/m2 respectively). Emergence declined as sowing dates progressed through autumn into winter, and weed ingression was greater in the tall fescue plots. Time of sowing significantly affected yield, with herbage mass from the first three sowing dates being 42% greater than herbage mass from the latter three sowing dates. Yield declined by 559 kgDM/ha with every 21 days between sowings. At this site, plant performance characteristics rapidly diminished at sowings later than 14 April. Plant performance was consistently better for the 1 March sowing.
Synthesis and optical study of crystalline GaP nanoflowers (2005)

GaP nanoflowers composed of numerous GaP nanowires are synthesized through heating InP and Ga2O3 powders. Crystalline GaP nanowires growing from Ga-rich particles have a cubic structure, uniform diameters of ∼300nm, and lengths from several to tens of micrometers. Typically, an individual GaP nanowire displays a hexagonal prism-like morphology with ⟨111⟩ as the preferential growth direction. Cathodoluminescence measurements show that GaP nanoflowers and GaP nanowires emit at ∼600 and ∼750nm, respectively. Additional low-intensity emission peaks are observed for GaP nanoflowers at ∼450nm.
Finite word-length effects of pipelined recursive digital filters (1994)

Scattered look-ahead (SLA) pipelining is a new IIR filter structure that can achieve very high throughput, regardless of multiplier latency. However, the numerical properties of SLA have been largely unexplored. The authors analyze the finite word-length (FWL) performance of SLA filters under fixed-point arithmetic. To support this analysis, two new state variable descriptions (SVD) are introduced. First, a state variable based description especially suited for analysis of certain SLA structures, called the sectioned K and W description (SKWD), is defined by sectioning the noise contributions of the nonrecursive nodes. Second, a noncanonic state variable description (NCSVD) is introduced, which explicitly includes the pipelined delay variables in the state space. Roundoff noise (RON) and statistical coefficient quantization noise (SCQN) are derived under an independent pseudonoise source model, SCQN is shown to be interpretable as RON under the single length accumulation model, which enables the unification of RON and SCQN analysis. Analytic closed form solutions for first- and second-order direct form (DF) SLA filters are derived and compared to results from SLA minimum roundoff noise (MRON) structures. The SLA structures are all found to have generally good numerical properties, except that the DF SLA structure performs poorly in certain regions near the unit circle. However, the DF SLA structure actually performs better than the MRON form over much of the unit disk at a far smaller implementation cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Virtual reality for activities of daily living training in neurorehabilitation: a usability and feasibility study in healthy participants (2018)

After severe injury or neurodegenerative disorders patients often experience long-term functional deficits, resulting in a reduction o performance in activities of daily living (ADL). Given their direct relevance to everyday functioning and quality of life, neurorehabilitative programs using simulated ADL's have seen increased interest recently. One of the core elements in simulated ADL's is the interface between the user and the virtual environment, which has a high impact on the therapeutic outcome. The aim of this study was to nalyze the feasibility of a simple virtual ADL (tea preparation task) using two different input devices. The tea preparation task setup consisted of a computer rendering the virtual environment, a head-mounted display (HMD) to visually present the ADL, and two input devices (mouse and handheld controller) to guide virtual hands in the virtual environment. A total of 24 healthyyoung adults performed the tea preparation task after which workload, usability, immersion and presence was rated. The handheld controller was rated significantly lower workload and higher usability than the mouse input device. Also, the sense of being there (immersion) and spatial presence ratings for the task and setup were close to the maximum score of 5. Thus, the handheld controller outperformed the mouse, suggesting that user interaction in the virtual environment with the handheld controller is similar to the real world and intuitive to use. Overall, the simulated ADL implemented with VR technology is feasible for diagnostic and rehabilitative purposes in patients experiencing long-term functional deficits.
BAF60 A, B, and Cs of muscle determination and renewal (2012)

Developmental biologists have defined many of the diffusible and transcription factors that control muscle differentiation, yet we still have only rudimentary knowledge of the mechanisms that dictate whether a myogenic progenitor cell forms muscle versus alternate lineages, including those that can be pathological in a state of disease or degeneration. Clues about the molecular basis for lineage determination in muscle progenitors are only now emerging from studies of chromatin modifications that avail myogenic genes for transcription, together with analysis of the composition and activities of the chromatin-modifying complexes themselves. Here we review recent progress on muscle determination and explore a unifying theme that environmental cues from the stem or progenitor niche control the selection of specific subunit variants of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-modifying complex, creating a combinatorial code that dictates whether cells adopt myogenic versus nonmyogenic cell fates. A key component of the code appears to be the mutually exclusive usage of the a, b, and c variants of the 60-kD structural subunit BAF60 (BRG1/BRM-associated factor 60), of which BAF60c is essential to activate both skeletal and cardiac muscle programs. Since chromatin remodeling governs myogenic fate, the combinatorial assembly of the SWI/SNF complex might be targeted to develop drugs aimed at the therapeutic reduction of compensatory fibrosis and fatty deposition in chronic muscular disorders.