gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-performance nickel wick development for loop heat pipes (2012)

In the present investigation, high-performance capillary pump has been developed and evaluated for using inside loop heat pipes with 500 W heat transfer capability up to distance of 250 mm. Wick structure is one of the most critical components of the loop heat pipe that provides the necessary capillary pumping, liquid-vapour phase separation and heat leak barrier from evaporation section to the compensation chamber. In order to fabricate wick structure with appropriate physical characteristics, highly pure (>; 99.5%) nickel powders with average particle sizes of 2, 10, 12 and 75 μm were selected for sintering experiment. It was established that nickel powder can be effectively sintered when maintained at 750 - 850 °C temperature for one hour. Out of four nickel powders, NM-12 powder with average particle diameter of 12 μm was able to provide most qualified porous structure, sintered at 850 °C for one hour, with high porosity (>; 72 %), high permeability (>; 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), finer pore radius (>; 7.2 μm), low shrinkage (<; 22%), good axial straightness and acceptable strength. The main issues faced in sintering trials and remedies to avoid them are explained in detail. Center rod extraction was the major problem faced in the sintering experiment which was rectified by replacing carbon rod with high strength, lubricious center rod made from stainless steel with boron nitride coating. The methodologies development in this study can be used for the fabrication of high performance capillary wicks for miniature to large-scale loop heat pipes.
Denaturing Protein Immunoprecipitation from Yeast (2007)

INTRODUCTIONWhere possible, it is preferable to use denaturing IPs to recover labeled proteins from pulse-chase experiments. The use of denaturing IPs reduces background and simplifies protein harvest. Yeast are boiled in an SDS-containing solution to liberate total proteins. This is also much safer than bead-beating radioactive yeast samples.
&lt;title&gt;Integrated force arrays: scaling methods for extended range and force&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

Integrated Force Arrays (IFAs) are thin, flexible, metallized membranes which may be configured as actuators or sensors. The current prototype structures are approximately 1 cm long by 1 mm wide and designed for deformations of 2 mm. In this paper we will discuss how the devices may be scaled-up for extended range and force.
Retrospective analysis of cardiovascular diseases related to chemotherapies for advanced solid tumor patients (2016)

Appropriate management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) related to chemotherapy for solid tumors is important for safe oncologic treatment. However, prediction of the onset and progression of CVDs has not generally been established in Japan. We carried out a retrospective analysis of advanced or recurrent solid tumor patients who received chemotherapies in a single institution. Patient characteristics, chemotherapy regimens, adverse events, CVDs before chemotherapy, and diagnosis of CVDs in association with chemotherapy were assessed. During the period from April 2006 to March 2012, 394 patients were examined. Cardiac diseases (CDs), hypertension (HT), or arterial thrombosis or venous thromboembolism were prevalent in 37 (9.4%), 22 (5.6%), five (1.3%), and 14 (3.5%) cases, respectively. HT (14.5%) and venous thrombosis (5.8%) were frequent in patients who received bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy. Four cases with left ventricular dysfunction experienced a decrease of ejection fraction and early filling/atrial filling (E/A) and E/A tended to decrease before ejection fraction. Ninety (62.1%) of 145 cases showed an increase in the D-dimer (DD) level before chemotherapy, and a further increase in DD level was found when venous thrombosis occurred. Relative risks of the disease progression of HT, CD, and thromboembolism because of chemotherapy were 1.3, 1.9, and 3.6, respectively. A decrease in E/A and an increase in DD were suggested to be valuable for early diagnosis of the respective onsets of left ventricular dysfunction and venous thrombosis related to chemotherapy. We conclude that patients with previous CD tend to have disease progression of CD during chemotherapy.
Analysis of unidirectional grating-assisted co-directional couplers by transfer matrix method (2007)

The unidirectional grating-assisted co-directional coupler is the basis for a new generation of photonic devices. We analyze this device by the transfer matrix method, which leads to a simple explanation of its unidirectional coupling properties.
An optimized workflow for MS-based quantitative proteomics of challenging clinical bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples (2022)

Abstract Background Clinical Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples are rich in biomolecules, including proteins, and useful for molecular studies of lung health and disease. However, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis of BALF is challenged by the dynamic range of protein abundance, and potential for interfering contaminants. A robust, MS-based proteomics compatible sample preparation workflow for BALF samples, including those of small and large volume, would be useful for many researchers. Results We have developed a workflow that combines high abundance protein depletion, protein trapping, clean-up, and in-situ tryptic digestion, that is compatible with either qualitative or quantitative MS-based proteomic analysis. The workflow includes a value-added collection of endogenous peptides for peptidomic analysis of BALF samples, if desired, as well as amenability to offline semi-preparative or microscale fractionation of complex peptide mixtures prior to LC-MS/MS analysis, for increased depth of analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this workflow on BALF samples collected from COPD patients, including for smaller sample volumes of 1-5 mL that are commonly available from the clinic. We also demonstrate the repeatability of the workflow as an indicator of its utility for quantitative proteomic studies. Conclusions Overall, our described workflow consistently provided high quality proteins and tryptic peptides for MS analysis. It should enable researchers to apply MS-based proteomics to a wide-variety of studies focused on BALF clinical specimens.
Surge current capabilities and isothermal current–voltage characteristics of high-voltage 4H-SiC junction barrier Schottky rectifiers (2015)

Isothermal forward current–voltage characteristics of high-voltage 4H-SiC junction barrier Schottky rectifiers (JBS) have been studied for the first time. Isothermal characteristics were measured with JBS having a blocking voltage of 1700 V up to a current density j ≈ 4200 A cm−2 in the temperature range 297–460 K. Quasi-isothermal current–voltage characteristics of these devices were studied with injection of minority carriers (holes) up to j ≈ 7200 A cm−2 and ambient temperatures of 297 and 460 K. The isothermal forward current–voltage characteristics make it possible to numerically calculate (for example, by an iteration procedure) the overheating in an arbitrary operation mode.
Repression of Hepatobiliary Transporters and Differential Regulation of Classic and Alternative Bile Acid Pathways in Mice During Pregnancy (2012)

During pregnancy, proper hepatobiliary transport and bile acid synthesis protect the liver from cholestatic injury and regulate the maternal and fetal exposure to bile acids, drugs, and environmental chemicals. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein profiles of uptake and efflux transporters as well as bile acid synthetic and conjugating enzymes in livers from virgin and pregnant mice on gestational days (GD) 7, 11, 14, and 17 and postnatal days (PND) 1, 15, and 30. Compared with virgins, the mRNAs of most transporters were reduced approximately 50% in pregnant dams between GD11 and 17. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the downregulation of Mrp3, 6, Bsep, and Ntcp proteins. One day after parturition, the mRNAs of many uptake and efflux hepatobiliary transporters remained low in pregnant mice. By PND30, the mRNAs of all transporters returned to virgin levels. mRNAs of the bile acid synthetic enzymes in the classic pathway, Cyp7a1 and 8b1, increased in pregnant mice, whereas mRNA and protein expression of enzymes in the alternative pathway of bile acid synthesis (Cyp27a1 and 39a1) and conjugating enzymes (Bal and Baat) decreased. Profiles of transporter and bile acid metabolism genes likely result from coordinated downregulation of transcription factor mRNA (CAR, LXR, PXR, PPARα, FXR) in pregnant mice on GD14 and 17. In conclusion, pregnancy caused a global downregulation of most hepatic transporters, which began as early as GD7 for some genes and was maximal by GD14 and 17, and was inversely related to increasing concentrations of circulating 17β-estradiol and progesterone as pregnancy progressed.
T cell–dependent production of IFN-γ by NK cells in response to influenza A virus (2004)

The role of human NK cells in viral infections is poorly understood. We used a cytokine flow-cytometry assay to simultaneously investigate the IFN-γ response of NK and T lymphocytes to influenza A virus (fluA). When PBMCs from fluA-immune adult donors were incubated with fluA, IFN-γ was produced by both CD56(dim) and CD56(bright) subsets of NK cells, as well as by fluA-specific T cells. Purified NK cells did not produce IFN-γ in response to fluA, while depletion of T lymphocytes reduced to background levels the fluA-induced IFN-γ production by NK cells, which indicates that T cells are required for the IFN-γ response of NK cells. The fluA-induced IFN-γ production of NK cells was suppressed by anti–IL-2 Ab, while recombinant IL-2 replaced the helper function of T cells for IFN-γ production by NK cells. This indicates that IL-2 produced by fluA-specific T cells is involved in the T cell–dependent IFN-γ response of NK cells to fluA. Taken together, these results suggest that at an early stage of recurrent viral infection, NK-mediated innate immunity to the virus is enhanced by preexisting virus-specific T cells.
Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Ortho-Substituted Aromatic Nitroso Compounds (2013)

C-Nitroso compounds represent a class of chemical species with radical spin trapping capacity. They are widely employed to scavenge nitric oxide (NO) in biological and chemical systems and prospectively could be applied to reduce and control NO formation from important chemical processes. In this study, we examined the physicochemical properties of four ortho-substituted aromatic nitroso compounds, 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate (DBNBS), 4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate (NBS), 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate (DMNBS), and 3,5-dichloro-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate (DCNBS). These compounds, like most C-nitroso spin traps, exist in a monomer–dimer equilibrium, and only the monomeric form is active as a free radical spin scavenger. The influence of the aromatic ring substituent(s) on the dissociation of the dimer to give the monomer was investigated using UV–vis spectrophotometry. We describe the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters associated with the monomer–dimer equilibria, which allow us to provide a mechanistic understanding of NO trapping by C-nitroso compounds.
Supplementary Figure 1B from Hypoxia-Inducible Protein 2 (&lt;i&gt;HIG2&lt;/i&gt;), a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Renal Cell Carcinoma and Potential Target for Molecular Therapy (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1B from Hypoxia-Inducible Protein 2 (&lt;i&gt;HIG2&lt;/i&gt;), a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Renal Cell Carcinoma and Potential Target for Molecular Therapy
Synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering of sulfonated polystyrene ionomers (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering of sulfonated polystyrene ionomersBenjamin Chu, Dan Qing Wu, W. J. MacKnight, Chi Wu, J. C. Phillips, A. LeGrand, C. W. Lantman, and R. D. LundbergCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 2, 523–525Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00180a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00180a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modeling of the Vertical Leakage Current in AlN/Si Heterojunctions for GaN Power Applications (2020)

We present a model for the vertical conduction through an AlN/p-Si junction, which is used as a base for the growth of GaN power devices. First, we recall that for resistive silicon substrates, the I-V curves of the AlN/p-Si show a monotonic increase, interrupted by a plateau region. Then, to quantitatively explain this behavior, we propose a novel two-diode model. More specifically, we demonstrate that the AlN/p-Si structure can be split into the series connection of two substructures: 1) an equivalent AlN/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -Si junction and 2) an equivalent n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -Si/p-Si diode. The n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> layer models the electron inversion layer in the silicon at the interface with the AlN layer. Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations were used to validate these two diode models. By comparing the leakage current of the AlN/p-Si structure with the current through the diodes, we demonstrate that within the plateau region, all the applied voltage drops on the equivalent n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -Si/p-Si junction, and the current through the diodes is limited by the reverse leakage current of the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> Si/p-Si diode. The plateau ends as soon as impact ionization occurs in the Si substrate, due to the high electric field in the depletion region. After the plateau, the current through the diodes is again limited by charge injection from the inversion layer into the AlN, which occurs through a phonon-assisted tunneling mechanism (possibly trap-assisted).
Numerical Investigation of Equilibrium Wet Steam Flow Property Based on S2 Calculation Code (2014)

Though it is non-equilibrium wet steam flow in steam turbine, the droplets with micron dimension are usually not considered in the primary design of the steam turbine in the industrial application because the global properties of steam are concerned mostly. Two calculation models of equilibrium wet steam property are proposed and applied to the performance prediction of a one stage low pressure (LP) steam turbine with superheated vapor and a 1.5-stage LP steam turbine with superheated and saturation steam by the using of the central S2 stream surface calculation code developed in this paper. Different from the ordinary S2 stream surface calculation code, the three-dimensional Euler equations are adopted to count the influence of the cascade spatial structure on the flow field parameters in this S2 calculation method. The non-conservative variables are used to avoid the non-uniqueness of density. The implicit time marching method and the upwind-diagonal implicit approximate factored format are applied to improve the calculation stability. The high-order TVD scheme is applied to increase the calculation accuracy. The Riemann problem is utilized to solve the discontinuity of variables transition at grid interface. Two models of wet steam property computation are developed to adapt the numerical calculation in this paper. The first one is the “Ideal Steam” model, using the ideal gas properties formulations to calculate the steam parameters with the given cp(T)-T relationship obtained from the evaluated enthalpy-entropy curve and the IAPWS-IF97 formula. The second one is the “IF97 Table” model, calculating the steam properties with the inerratic multi-variables combination tables generated by the IAPWS-IF97 formulations and the fast interpolation method. Furthermore, both the models are added to the S2 calculation code to predict the performance of the steam turbine respectively. The results show that the S2 code developed in this paper can predict the performance of steam turbine with high precision. The results of the one stage LP steam turbine imply that the two models are almost the same and are similar to the 3D results, indicating that both the models can be applied to the superheated vapor flow with high precision. Compared to the full 3D results, the error of the mass flow rate and efficiency with the “IF97 Table” model is 0.83% and 0.46% respectively, indicating a higher accuracy than the “Ideal Gas” model with 1.00% and 1.54%. The distribution of primary parameters shows that both the steam calculation models are well applied to the aerodynamic performance prediction. The distribution of temperature and moisture imply that the “IF97 Table” model can predict the aerodynamic parameters better than the “Ideal Gas” model. The S2 calculation method with the “IF97 Table” method or the “Ideal Gas” saves most of the time compared to the full 3D calculation, supplying an effective and fast calculation method in the primary design and the performance prediction of steam turbine.
Induction of T cell clonal anergy results in resistance, whereas CD28-mediated costimulation primes for susceptibility to Fas- and Bax-mediated programmed cell death (1997)

Since TCR-mediated stimulation induces T cells to become sensitive to Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death (Fas-AICD), we examined whether anergized and CD28-costimulated T cell clones were equally sensitive to Fas-AICD. Here, we show that TCR signal in the presence or absence of CD28 costimulation induced equivalent expression of Fas and Fas ligand. Although anergized cells expressed Fas and Fas ligand, they were resistant to Fas-AICD. Induction of anergy resulted in up-regulation and persistent expression of moderate amounts of bcl-xL and bax and absence of induction of bad. In contrast, CD28-costimulated cells that also expressed Fas and Fas ligand were initially resistant to Fas-AICD but became susceptible after 72 h of culture. Although Fas-mediated apoptosis was the major mechanism of AICD, the IL-1beta-converting enzyme-like protease inhibitor zVAD-FMK totally abrogated DNA fragmentation but not cell death, suggesting that additional Fas-independent apoptotic mechanisms were also operative. Resistance to apoptotic cell death was temporally associated with a dramatic increase of bcl-xL and the presence of bcl-xL:bax heterodimers. Subsequent sensitivity to AICD was associated with down-regulation of bcl-xL, induction of bad, and the displacement of bax from bcl-xL:bax heterodimers. Although induced following CD28 costimulation, bcl-2 did not protect against AICD. Therefore, besides its role in promotion of viability, prevention of anergy, and clonal expansion, CD28 costimulation also has a central role in the induction of subsequent AICD by up-regulating apoptotic mediators.
Bodipy-Labeled Nucleoside Triphosphates for Polymerase Synthesis of Fluorescent DNA (2014)

New fluorescent nucleosides and nucleoside triphosphate (dNTPs) analogs bearing the F-Bodipy fluorophore linked through a short, flexible nonconjugate tether were synthesized. The Bodipy-labeled dNTPs were substrates for several DNA polymerases which incorporated them into DNA in primer extension, nicking enzyme amplification reaction, and polymerase chain reaction. The fluorescence of F-Bodipy is not quenched upon incorporation in DNA and can be detected both in solutions and on gels.
Synthesis of β-Hydroxy O-Alkyl Hydroxylamines from Epoxides Using a Convenient and Versatile Two-Step Procedure (2012)

A simple and convenient synthetic method was developed to prepare β-hydroxy O-alkyl hydroxylamines in which base-mediated ring opening of epoxides with acetophenone oxime followed by cleavage of the oxime with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in acidic media furnished the hydroxylamine, which can be protected in situ with various N-protecting groups.
Doktoranders syn på labhandledning – fest eller kolera? (2013)

I detta arbete har vi studerat doktoranders syn pa laborativ undervisning utifran bade pedagogiska och organisatoriska perspektiv. Sarskild vikt har lagts vid hur doktorander uppfattar sin egen roll som labhandledare. Som underlag for studien utfordes en serie intervjuer med doktorander pa avdelningen for Fasta Tillstandets Fysik pa Lunds Tekniska Hogskola. Syftet med studien var att undersoka om nagon del av den laborativa undervisningen pa avdelningen gar att forbattra. Problemformulering: Hur trivs doktoranderna med att handleda laborationer och kan man forbattra deras undervisningsupplevelse? Uppnas syftet med laborationerna? Fungerar organisationen?
The Long-Term Effects of a Kampo Medicine, Juzentaihoto, on Maintenance of Antibody Titer in Elderly People after Influenza Vaccination (2013)

We have performed a broad-ranging analysis of the adjuvant effect of a Kampo medicine, juzentaihoto (JTT), on influenza vaccination in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. In this study, the enhancing effect of JTT on antibody titer after influenza vaccination was studied for 28 weeks in elderly people who were in the high-risk group for influenza infection. In total, 91 subjects over 65 years old were recruited from four long-term-care facilities located in Chiba, Gunma, and Toyama prefectures in Japan. Participants were randomly assigned to the JTT and the control groups. Blood samples were taken at 4 weeks before vaccination, at the time of vaccination, and then at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after vaccination. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against A/California/7/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 were then manually measured. A significant increase in HI titer against H3N2 was observed at week 8 after vaccination in the JTT group compared with the control group (P = 0.0229), and the HI titer of the JTT group significantly increased from 4 to 24 weeks (P = 0.0468), compared with the control group. In conclusion, our results indicated that JTT increased and prolonged antibody production against A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), in particular, after influenza vaccination.
Drusen volume development over time and its relevance to the course of age-related macular degeneration (2016)

Drusen volume increase over time can be described by a cubic function. Spontaneous regression appears to precede conversion to advanced AMD. OCT might be a promising tool for predicting the individual risk of progression of AMD.