gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time User-Centric Management of Time-Intensive Analytics Using Convergence of Local Functions (2013)

The past decade has witnessed an astonishing growth in unstructured information in enterprises. The commercial value locked in enterprise unstructured information is being increasingly recognized. Accordingly, a range of textual document analytics—clustering, classification, taxonomy generation, provenance, etc.— have taken center stage as a potential means to manage this explosive growth in unstructured enterprise information, and unlock its value. Several analytics are time-intensive: the time taken to complete processing the increasingly large volumes of data is significantly more than real-time. However, users are increasingly demanding real-time services that rely on such time-intensive analytics. There is clearly a tension between the aforementioned two developments. In light of the preceding, vendors increasingly realize that while an analytic may take a longer time to converge, they need to extract useful information from it in real-time. Furthermore, this information has to be application-driven. In other words, it is often not an option to simply “wait until the analytic has finished running:” they must start providing the user with information while the analytic is still running. In summary, there is an emerging stress in Enterprise Information Management (EIM) on application-driven real-time information being extracted from time-intensive analytics. A priori, it is not clear what could be extracted from an analytic that has yet to complete, and whether any such information would be useful. As of the present, there is little or no research literature on this problem: it is generally assumed that all of the information from an analytic will be available upon its completion. We present an approach to this problem that is based on decomposing the objective function of the analytic, which is a global function that determines the progress of the analytic, into multiple local, user-centric functions. How can we construct meaningful local functions? How can such functions be measured? How do these functions evolve with time? Do these functions encode useful information that can be obtained real-time? These are the questions we will address in this paper. We demonstrate our approach using local functions on document clustering using the de facto standard algorithm—k-means. In this case, the multiple local user-centric functions transform k-means into a flow algorithm, with each local function measuring a flow. Our results show that these flows evolve very differently from the global objective function, and in particular, may often converge quickly at many local sites. Using this property, we are able to extract useful information considerably earlier than the time taken by k-means to converge to its final state. We believe that such pragmatic approaches will have to be taken in order to manage systems performing analytics on large volumes of unstructured data.
Path delay test compaction with process variation tolerance (2005)

In this paper we propose a test compaction method for path delay faults in a logic circuit. The method generates a compact set of two-pattern tests for faults on long paths selected with a criterion. While the proposed method generates each two-pattern test for more than one fault in the target fault list as well as ordinary test compaction methods, secondary target faults are selected from the fault list such that many other faults, which may not be included in the fault list, are detected by the test pattern. Even if faults on long paths in a manufactured circuit are not included in the fault list due to a process variation or noise, the compact test set would detect the longer untargeted faults, i.e., the test set has a noise or variation tolerant nature. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate a compact test set and it detects longer untargeted path delay faults efficiently.
Antimicrobial activity of submicron glass fibres incorporated as a filler to a dental sealer (2016)

Two types of antimicrobial glass fibers containing ZnO and CaO, with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to 1 µm, were successfully fabricated by a laser spinning technique. The antimicrobial performance was corroborated according to ISO 20743:2013, by using gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and yeast (Candida krusei) (more than 3 logs of reduction). The metabolic activity and endosomal system of eukaryotic cells were not altered by using eluents of CaO glass submicrometric fibers and ZnO fibers at 1 : 10 dilution as cellular media (viability rates over 70%). A dental material was functionalized by embedding ZnO nanofibers above the percolation threshold (20% wt), creating a three-dimensional (3D) fiber network that added an antimicrobial profile. This new ZnO glass fiber composite is proved non-cytotoxic and preserved the antimicrobial effect after immersion in human saliva. This is the first time that a fiber-reinforced liner with strong antimicrobial-activity has been created to prevent secondary caries. The potential of developing new fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) with antimicrobial properties opens up an extensive field of dental applications where most important diseases have an infectious origin.
Aortic valve replacement with stentless xenografts. (1992)

Between 15th June 1991 and 15th August 1992, 40 patients underwent aortic valve replacement with the newly designed Edwards stentless aortic bioprosthesis 2500. The patients' ages ranged from 24 years to 80 years (mean 60.3 years). Preoperatively, 17 patients presented with pure aortic stenosis, three with aortic regurgitation and 20 with mixed lesion. The operations were performed with normothermic extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass and cold cardioplegic arrest. The implanted valves ranged in diameter from 21 mm to 27 mm. Ten patients received a subcoronary implantation, with the lower row of sutures being interrupted and the upper being continuous. The so-called miniroot technique was used in the other 30, also involving lower interrupted and running upper sutures after adaptation of the coronary ostia to the preformed openings in the graft. The aortic cross-clamp time ranged from 51 minutes to 94 minutes (mean 71 minutes). There was no operative mortality but three patients died early after the operation due to cardiac tamponade, sepsis and pneumonia. There was no late mortality or morbidity in the surviving patients up to 16 months postoperatively. Echocardiography, performed at discharge and twice a year thereafter showed no signs of significant valve incompetence in any patient, and continuous wave Doppler measurements indicated that resting pressure gradients across the aortic valve were low or absent. Our preliminary experience with the stentless aortic xenograft shows improved hemodynamic function as compared to stent mounted xenografts or mechanical prostheses. Further studies are needed, however, to establish the long-term performance of this device.
Importance of Kinetics in Surface Alloying: A Comparison of the Diffusion Pathways of Pd and Ag Atoms on Cu(111) (2009)

The microscopic details of how metals alloy have important consequences for both their material properties and their chemical reactivity. In this study, the initial stages of alloying of Pd and Ag with Cu(111) are compared. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that physical vapor deposition of Pd and Ag at or above room temperature yields remarkably different surface alloys: Pd predominantly incorporates at the nearest ascending Cu step edge, whereas Ag appears to be able to traverse step edges rather easily and alloys into terraces both above and below its initial adsorption site. Density functional theory calculations reveal that even though Pd adatoms have a lower barrier than Ag for traversing step edges, unlike Ag they bind very strongly to ascending step edges and remain there permanently. This leads to a situation in which Pd atoms have at most a very small number of attempts to leave the terrace on which they are deposited before they are incorporated into the nearest ascending step edge. Ag adatoms, however, have many opportunities to cross step edges and can alloy at positions far from their initial starting point. This direct comparison demonstrates the importance in combining theory and experiment in order to understand complicated surface alloying mechanisms and illustrates how both the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the process must be considered to fully understand experimental observations.
Contrast Enhancement by Edge Effect Corrections in Frequency-domain Optical Mammography (1996)

The planar tandem scan of light source and optical detector in a transmission geometry produces 2-D projection images of the human breast. This approach to near-infrared optical mammography suffers from the strong influence of edge effects: breast thickness variability, lateral photon losses, and variability in the optical coupling with breast tissue. Taking advantage of the information content of frequency-domain data, we have developed an algorithm for the correction of edge effects which is based on data at a single wavelength. We compare the images yielded by this single-wavelength algorithm with those provided by the ratio of the ac amplitudes at two wavelengths. The edge correction is excellent in both cases. However, the tumor detectability in the optical mammogram of a human breast affected by cancer is significantly better in the single-wavelength edge corrected image. We attribute this result to the similar effect caused by the tumor on the ac signal at the two wavelengths employed in this study (685 and 825 nm).
Turbulent shear-layer mixing at high Reynolds numbers: effects of inflow conditions (1998)

We report on the results from a set of incompressible, shear-layer flow experiments, at high Reynolds number ( Re δ ≡ρΔ U δ T ( x )/ μ≃2×10 5 ), in which the inflow conditions of shear-layer formation were varied (δ T is the temperature-rise thickness for chemically-reacting shear layers). Both inert and chemically-reacting flows were investigated, the latter employing the (H 2 +NO)/F 2 chemical system in the kinetically-fast regime to measure molecular mixing. Inflow conditions were varied by perturbing each, or both, boundary layers on the splitter plate separating the two freestream flows, upstream of shear-layer formation. The results of the chemically-reacting ‘flip experiments’ reveal that seemingly small changes in inflow conditions can have a significant influence not only on the large-scale structure and shear-layer growth rate, as had been documented previously, but also on molecular mixing and chemical-product formation, far downstream of the inflow region.
CBR antimicrobials inhibit RNA polymerase via at least two bridge-helix cap-mediated effects on nucleotide addition (2015)

RNA polymerase inhibitors like the CBR class that target the enzyme's complex catalytic center are attractive leads for new antimicrobials. Catalysis by RNA polymerase involves multiple rearrangements of bridge helix, trigger loop, and active-center side chains that isomerize the triphosphate of bound NTP and two Mg(2+) ions from a preinsertion state to a reactive configuration. CBR inhibitors target a crevice between the N-terminal portion of the bridge helix and a surrounding cap region within which the bridge helix is thought to rearrange during the nucleotide addition cycle. We report crystal structures of CBR inhibitor/Escherichia coli RNA polymerase complexes as well as biochemical tests that establish two distinct effects of the inhibitors on the RNA polymerase catalytic site. One effect involves inhibition of trigger-loop folding via the F loop in the cap, which affects both nucleotide addition and hydrolysis of 3'-terminal dinucleotides in certain backtracked complexes. The second effect is trigger-loop independent, affects only nucleotide addition and pyrophosphorolysis, and may involve inhibition of bridge-helix movements that facilitate reactive triphosphate alignment.
Folate Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Incidence: A Prospective Study of Swedish Women and Men (2006)

Our results suggest that increased intake of folate from food sources, but not from supplements, may be associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer.
Research of physical and chemical characteristics of the new complex calcium-containing ferroalloy (2020)

Complex ferroalloys which include alkaline earth metals (such as calcium, magnesium, barium and other metals) have particular importance for high-quality metallurgy. In addition, development of the theory and practice of modification of cast iron, cast and deformed steel stipulated necessity in creation of the new type of product &mdash; modifiers with participation of rare earth and alkaline earth elements. Alkaline earth metals (AEM), having a high chemical affinity to oxygen and most other harmful impurities, as well as low solubility in liquid iron, are one of the most effective deoxidizers, desulfurizers, dephosphorizers and steel modifiers. The widespread use of AEM in the industry opens up real possibilities for quality improvment of steel and cast iron, reduction of the mass of metal products, rise of their operation reliability and durability and, as a result, significant metal savings. Previously the authors have developed the experimental batch of complex ferroalloy containing calcium, barium and magnesium with the following chemical composition, %: Ca &mdash; 11&ndash;15, Si &mdash; 50&ndash;55, Al &mdash; 12&ndash;20, P &mdash; 0,06, S &mdash; 0,02, Mg &mdash; 1,2, Ba &mdash; 1,3 and Fe is the rest. This ferroalloy was obtained as a result of large-scale laboratory tests simulating industrial conditions at the experimental site of Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev. Efficiency of application of each new ferroalloy for deoxidation, microalloying and steel modification is determined primarily by its various characteristics (chemical and phase composition, mineralogy, thermal properties, etc.). Correspondingly, the current research is based on different studies that were carried out for the obtained calcium-containing ferroalloy, including the following ones: investigation of the phase composition by X-ray phase analysis, study of phase transformations during heating by the differential thermal analysis, determination of mineralogical composition and density by metallographic studies and by the pycnometer method. Presented results were obtained during execution of the scientific and technical program No. BR05236708 &ldquo;Scientific and technological substantiation of widening of raw material base of the ferroalloy industry owing to involvement of slightly coking power generating coals and man-caused wastes in order to receive the new materials of multi-purpose destination&rdquo;, within the framework of the contract for the programmed and aimed investment for 2018&ndash;2020 with the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan Republic and grant investment of the scientific researches for 2018&ndash;2020 with the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan Republic on the theme АР05130225.
Performance comparison of weighted sum‐minimum mean square error and virtual signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio algorithms in simulated and measured channels (2014)

A comparison in data achievement between two well‐known algorithms with simulated and real measured data is presented. The algorithms maximise the data rate in cooperative base stations (BS) multiple‐input–single‐output scenario. Weighted sum‐minimum mean square error algorithm could be used in multiple‐input–multiple‐output scenarios, but it has lower performance than virtual signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio algorithm in theory and practice. A real measurement environment consisting of two BS and two users have been studied to evaluate the simulation results.
Two Scaffolds from Two Flips: (α,β)/(β,γ) CH<sub>2</sub>/NH “Met-Im” Analogues of dTTP (2015)

Novel α,β-CH2 and β,γ-NH (1a) or α,β-NH and β,γ-CH2 (1b) "Met-Im" dTTPs were synthesized via monodemethylation of triethyl-dimethyl phosphorimido-bisphosphonate synthons (4a, 4b), formed via a base-induced [1,3]-rearrangement of precursors (3a, 3b) in a reaction with dimethyl or diethyl phosphochloridate. Anomerization during final bromotrimethylsilane (BTMS) deprotection after Mitsunobu conjugation with dT was avoided by microwave conditions. 1a was 9-fold more potent in inhibiting DNA polymerase β, attributed to an NH-group interaction with R183 in the active site.
The Multi-Parametric Weight Optimization of a Hydraulic Actuator (2020)

This research was derived from the experimental observation that hydraulic actuators are positioned on machines that are subjected to movements and whose dynamic actions, the accelerations, are very high; it is acceptable to think of an actuator for an anthropomorphic robot. From this point of view, the weight of the actuator plays a fundamental role in the performance of the machine. In order to face this problem, a real hydraulic cylinder has been designed (for use on an earth moving machine) both analytically (adopting the theories of continuous mechanics) and numerically through finite element analysis. The results obtained were then generalized by determining functions that in relation to specific values of the variables, such as working pressure, allow one to determine the minimum weight of the component and its geometric configuration. The functions also made it possible to identify the most significant contributions to the overall weight of the component and therefore the elements on which to focus the subsequent lightening process. In particular, the greatest contribution is made by obtaining relations that are completely general and therefore adaptable to different case studies.
Micro systems for sustainable society (2014)

Wafer level adhesive bonding has been applied for the fabrication of micro systems which have heterogeneous components on LSI. Devices formed on a carrier wafer are transferred on a LSI wafer, which makes versatile heterogeneous integration possible. This has been applied to resonator, piezoelectric switch, tactile sensor, electron source and other value-added devices.
Order Preserving Key Compression (1994)

A non-pressurised boot dressing keeps wounds moist, warm and humid, stimulating healing and providing a barrier against wound odour. Its use in the management of problematic neuroischaemic diabetic foot ulcers is reported.
Influence of Different Hop Products on the <i>cis/trans</i> Ratio of Iso-α-Acids in Beer and Changes in Key Aroma and Bitter Taste Molecules during Beer Ageing (2014)

Isomerization of α-Acids from hops can result in different ratios of cis-to trans-iso-α-acids. In contrast to oxidative degradation processes, the conversion of iso-α-acids to tri- and tetracyclic compounds during beer ageing is only possible in the trans form. Therefore, it might be an advantage to use pre-isomerized hop products in order to maximize the cis form in beer. For this study, beers conventionally hopped with regular pellets were compared with beers produced with isomerized pellets and isomerized extracts. In addition, inline pre-isomerization was investigated as another alternative. The four variants were produced in a pilot brewery. Bottled beers were stored at 5 and 28°C. Analysis of fresh and aged samples after 4, 8, and 12 months was focused on bitter compounds (HPLC-MS/MS) and on volatile aroma compounds (GC-MS/MS). Beers produced with isomerized hop products showed higher ratios of cis- to trans-iso-α-acids, and their amounts of degradation products of trans-iso-α-acids were accordingly lower after ageing. However, all of the four types of beers hopped in different ways showed very similar profiles of volatile aroma compounds even during ageing. Moreover, sensory evaluation of aged beers gave no preference for the variations with pre-isomerized hop products.
Series Editorial: Mobile Communications and Networks (2022)

As 5G is being widely commercially deployed around the world, it is of great interest to continue investigating how it can be further improved in the near term or evolved aiming at a longer term. This issue of Mobile Communications and Networks explores the above directions covering several aspects. These include the exploration of joint slicing and functional split in the 5G radio access network (RAN), addressing coverage issues in 5G focusing on the uplink data channel, tackling the issue of temporal blockages and outdated channel feedback in an Internet of Vehicles setting, and investigation of the inter-play between rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS).
Improving the Spectral Efficiency of Linear Modulations Through Time-Frequency Packing (2008)

We investigate the spectral efficiency, achievable by a low-complexity symbol-by-symbol receiver, when linear modulations based on the superposition of uniformly time- and frequency-shifted replicas of a base pulse are employed. Although orthogonal signaling with Gaussian inputs achieves capacity on the additive white Gaussian noise channel, we show that, when finite-order constellations are employed, by giving up the orthogonality condition (thus accepting interference among adjacent signals) we can considerably improve the performance, even when a symbol-by-symbol receiver is used. We also optimize the spacing between adjacent signals to maximize the achievable spectral efficiency. Moreover, we propose a more involved system model, consisting of the superposition of two independent signals and a receiver based on successive interference cancellation, showing that it allows a further increase of the spectral efficiency.
Chemokines are Underestimated in Preventing the Metastasizing and The Immune Elimination of Ovarian Cancer (2019)

Nowadays the positive immune involvement in the eradication of tumor cells is assigned to the adaptive immune response. By awakening of in vivo responding T cells that are suppressed by the tumor and prevents immunological cure of the cancer. Normally activated T cells are well-ordered by several late occurring inhibitors to contain the response to the unknown invaders and spare the normal cells. The tumor strengthens this inhibitory response to escape from immune elimination. Immunotherapy is to unleash the full capacity of the adaptive immune system by blocking this inhibitor response by monoclonal antibodies but with the potential drawback of autoimmune phenomena. Cytokines and chemokines became in oblivion after their suspected necrosis of the tumor (TNF) did not fulfil their initial hope. Ovarian cancer is in most cases already metastasized to the peritoneum and omentum. Here, we show that on the one hand chemokines produced by Th2, CD8 and NK cells inhibit cancer spreading and thus leads to a better operability and better survival. Chemokine receptors are expressed by the tumor that are a decoy by binding chemokines that normally should attract antigen cross-presenting dendritic cells that start an enforced T cell response to replace the exhausted T cells
Analysis of NR Positioning Evolution: From Scenarios to Techniques (2022)

The development of 5G generates the promotion of mMTC scenarios such as HOT and V2X, which highlights the requirements of positioning enhancement. In this paper, NR positioning evolution is analyzed from 3GPP standard perspective. we provide the analysis of basic positioning method introduced in Rel-16 and summary the enhancement for improving the accuracy and reducing the latency on NR positioning in Rel-17. Moreover, in order to meet the services' requirement defined in 3GPP SA WG, we propose the potential techniques that can enhance the NR positioning for the newly introduced scenarios in Rel-18.