gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal Constellation Design for Cross-Phase Modulation Dominated Channels (2015)

In this paper, we introduce an optimal signal constellation design algorithm suitable for wavelength-division-multiplexed systems dominated by cross-phase modulation (XPM), which is called XPM-OSCD. Additionally, a corresponding demodulation scheme is also proposed in order to better compensate for the nonlinear phase errors. In this scheme, the cumulative log-likelihood function is used as the optimization criterion. The signal constellations obtained by this algorithm significantly outperform conventional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).
Biomechanical Analysis of Coronary Arteries Using Designed Experiments and a Complementary Energy Model (2000)

Abstract To assist in the design of a compliant coronary vascular graft, a constitutive equation predicting the biomechanical properties of healthy coronary arteries was determined. An experimental design in the physiological range of force and pressure was used to improve data collection. Using a logarithmic complementary energy formulation of the constitutive equation resulted in an exceptional fit to the data. Comparisons showed statistically significant differences between the porcine left anterior descending [LAD] and right coronary artery [RCA] (p&amp;lt;0.02) but no differences between the left circumflex [LCX] and LAD or LCX and RCA (p&amp;gt;0.05).
Optimal Tracking Area Update in LTE Systems (2010)

Continuous processing and servicing of a new incoming session in LTE systems demands optimal tracking of the mobile user. In this letter, an optimal, information-theoretic framework is developed for tracking area update for next-generation LTE cellular systems. Shannon's entropy is used to characterize the location uncertainty of mobile user. The framework captures users' mobility patterns online and performs profile-based paging for optimizing the tracking area update cost. Simulation results demonstrate reductions in both update and paging costs in comparison to existing LTE systems.
Dual Pyramid Generative Adversarial Networks for Semantic Image Synthesis (2022)

The goal of semantic image synthesis is to generate photo-realistic images from semantic label maps. It is highly relevant for tasks like content generation and image editing. Current state-of-the-art approaches, however, still struggle to generate realistic objects in images at various scales. In particular, small objects tend to fade away and large objects are often generated as collages of patches. In order to address this issue, we propose a Dual Pyramid Generative Adversarial Network (DP-GAN) that learns the conditioning of spatially-adaptive normalization blocks at all scales jointly, such that scale information is bi-directionally used, and it unifies supervision at different scales. Our qualitative and quantitative results show that the proposed approach generates images where small and large objects look more realistic compared to images generated by state-of-the-art methods.
Polyfunctional benzylic zinc chlorides by the direct insertion of magnesium into benzylic chlorides in the presence of LiCl and ZnCl2 (2008)

Benzylic zinc chlorides bearing various functional groups are smoothly prepared by the direct insertion of magnesium into benzylic chlorides in the presence of LiCl and ZnCl(2).
IBX in aqueous medium: a green protocol for the Biginelli reaction (2011)

Iodoxy benzoic acid (IBX) used as an effective catalyst for the synthesis 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) via the Biginelli reaction in water. The immobilized catalyst could be easily recovered by simple filtration and recycled without significant decrease of the catalytic activity.
Antitumour Polycyclic Acridines. Part 13.<sup>1</sup> Synthesis of 2-Substituted 7<i>H</i>-Pyrido[4,3,2-<i>kl</i>]Acridines by Thermolysis of 9-(5-Alkyltriazol-1-yl)Acridines (2003)

Interaction of phosphoranylidene ketones with 9-azidoacridine in refluxing benzene affords 9-(5-substituted triazol-1-yl)acridines, which, on thermolysis in boiling diphenyl ether at 259 °C, yield 2-substituted 7 H-pyrido[4,3,2-kl] acridines in high yields. These tetracyclic acridines are less potent inhibitors of human tumour cells in vitro than their pentacyclic analogues.
Lower Hemoglobin Correlates with Larger Stroke Volumes in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2011)

Hemoglobin level at the time of acute ischemic stroke associates with larger infarcts and increased infarct growth. Clarification of the mechanism of this effect may yield novel insights for therapy.
A “grappling hook” interaction balances self-assembly and chaperone activity of Nucleophosmin 1 (2022)

Abstract How the self-assembly of partially disordered proteins generates functional compartments in the cytoplasm and particularly in the nucleus is poorly understood. Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is an abundant nucleolar protein that forms large oligomers which provide the scaffold for ribosome assembly but also prevent protein aggregation as part of the cellular stress response. Examining the relationship between the self-assembly and chaperone activity of NPM1, we find that oligomerization of full-length NPM1 modulates its ability to retard amyloid formation in vitro . Machine learning and cryo-electron microscopy reveal fuzzy interactions between the disordered region and the C-terminal nucleotide-binding domain that cross-link NPM1 pentamers into oligomers. Ribosomal peptides mediate in a tighter association within the oligomers, reducing their capacity to prevent amyloid formation. We conclude that NPM1 uses a “grappling hook” interaction to form a network-like structure whose chaperone activity is tuned by basic proteins, suggesting a regulatory mechanism for the nucleolar stress response.
Intracellular phosphorylation of chloro‐adenosine analogs is a prerequisite for activation of caspase‐3 and induction of apoptosis in human astrocytoma cells (2003)

Abstract We previously demonstrated that both Cladribine (2‐chloro‐deoxyadenosine) and the related compound 2‐chloroadenosine induce apoptosis of human astrocytoma cells (Ceruti et al. [2000] J Neurosci Res 60:388–400). In the present study we have characterized the role of the most important “effector” caspase (caspase‐3) in the same experimental model and the relationship between the intracellular phosphorylation of the two adenosine analogs and activation of this enzyme. Data show that: 1) both adenosine analogs can activate caspase‐3 in a time‐dependent fashion; 2) significant activation of the enzyme (i.e., 6–7‐fold over control level) can be detected before any appearance of nuclear signs of apoptosis; 3) the degree of caspase‐3 activation is proportional to the percentage of apoptosis at the end of the incubation period, suggesting a causal relationship between enzyme activation and induction of cell death; and 4) both activation of caspase‐3 and induction of cell death can be completely prevented by preexposure of cultures to inhibitors of the intracellular phosphorylation of 2‐chloroadenosine and 2‐chloro‐2′‐deoxyadenosine (namely, 5‐iodotubercidin and 2′‐deoxycytidine, respectively). Adenosine analogs act, therefore, as prodrugs and the toxic species are represented by the corresponding chloro‐nucleotides. The pathways upstream of caspase‐3 activation in human astrocytoma cells still remain to be elucidated. Taken together, these data strongly suggest a possible use of adenosine analogs in the pharmacological treatment of central nervous system tumors and of all tumors characterized by a high activity of nucleoside kinases leading to selective intracellular accumulation of toxic chloro‐nucleotides. Drug Dev. Res. 58:396–404, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Learning to reinforcement learn (2016)

In recent years deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems have attained superhuman performance in a number of challenging task domains. However, a major limitation of such applications is their demand for massive amounts of training data. A critical present objective is thus to develop deep RL methods that can adapt rapidly to new tasks. In the present work we introduce a novel approach to this challenge, which we refer to as deep meta-reinforcement learning. Previous work has shown that recurrent networks can support meta-learning in a fully supervised context. We extend this approach to the RL setting. What emerges is a system that is trained using one RL algorithm, but whose recurrent dynamics implement a second, quite separate RL procedure. This second, learned RL algorithm can differ from the original one in arbitrary ways. Importantly, because it is learned, it is configured to exploit structure in the training domain. We unpack these points in a series of seven proof-of-concept experiments, each of which examines a key aspect of deep meta-RL. We consider prospects for extending and scaling up the approach, and also point out some potentially important implications for neuroscience.
Development and partial validation of a catalogue of action steps for a car driver (2015)

The paper deals with a method to describe and visualize actions steps of a driver. The method can be used in order to find behavior patterns. The knowledge of patterns can help to adjust ADAS to the driver and his current behavior (e.g. more suitable warnings).
Absorber intercooling in CO<sub>2</sub> absorption by piperazine‐promoted potassium carbonate (2009)

Abstract Intercooling was evaluated as a process option in CO 2 absorption by piperazine (PZ) promoted potassium carbonate. The system performance with 4.5 m K + /4.5 m PZ was simulated by a model in Aspen Plus® RateSep™. The absorber was evaluated for use with a double matrix stripper by optimizing the position of the semilean feed and intercooling stages to maximize CO 2 removal. Additionally, a simple absorber system was modeled to observe the effect of intercooling on systems with variable CO 2 lean loading. Intercooling increases CO 2 removal by as much as 10% with the double matrix configuration. With a simple absorber, the effectiveness of intercooling depends on solvent rate. Near a critical liquid/gas ratio (L/G) there is a large improvement with intercooling. This is related to the position of the temperature bulge. An approximation is proposed to estimate the critical L/G where intercooling may maximize removal. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Supplementary Materials from A Novel Tumor-Specific Agent for Intraoperative Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging: A Translational Study in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material and Methods: questionnaire for practical evaluation of OTL38 and the imaging system; description of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. Fig. S1: Case report form (CRF) used to mark the location of a lesion found during surgery Fig. S2: Structure of OTL38 Fig. S3: CONSORT Flow diagram healthy volunteer study Fig. S4: Pharmacokinetics in blood plasma of healthy volunteers and patients. Fig. S5. CONSORT Flow diagram ovarian cancer patient study Fig. S6. Tumor-to-background ratio in ovarian cancer patients per dose group Fig. S7. FRα and β staining of ovarian carcinoma tissue and a metastatic lymph node Table S1. Listing of adverse events in the healthy volunteers study Table S2. Summary of pharmacokinetic parameters Table S3. Tumor-to-background ratio per dose group in ovarian cancer patients Table S4. Listing of adverse events in the patient study Table S5. Number and characteristics of lesions and lymph nodes identified with fluorescence&lt;/p&gt;
Measurements of the radiation source strength in argon at temperatures between 5000 and 10 000 K (1990)

The volumetric radiative source strength has been measured for argon using a 50 kW rf induction plasma torch operated at atmospheric pressure with temperatures ranging between 5000 and 10 000 K. At temperatures below 7500 K the results differ by over an order of magnitude from the only previously published measurements [Phys. Fluids 10, 1125 (1967)]. Spatially resolved total radiation measurements were made with a calibrated pyroelectric detector system of flat response in the wavelength range 250 to 2500 nm. The corresponding temperature measurements were made through spectroscopic examination of relative and absolute line intensities, and absolute continuum intensities. The data were interpreted in terms of a partial equilibrium model in which the free and excited bound electrons are found to be mutually in equilibrium, irrespective of departures from equilibrium with the ground state. The differences from the previous radiation source strength measurements are interpreted in terms of unaccounted for nonequilibrium effects in that study. The present measurements are in satisfactory agreement with theoretical predictions. A simple yet complete set of calorimetric measurements taken independently supports these results.
A hydrogel with rubber elasticity transition (1996)

Abstract Reaction between dimethyldivinylsilane and 3,6‐diazaoctane in the presence of 3‐lithio‐3,6‐diazaoctane yields a new telechelic oligomer, poly(silamine), which consists of alternating 3,3‐dimethyl‐3‐silapentane and N,N′‐diethylethylenediamine units in the main chain. Poly(silamine) shows unique phase transition properties in response to the degree of protonation of amino groups in the polymer. Poly(silamine) also shows a strong interaction with several anions. Due to the interaction between poly(silamine) and anions along with the protonation of amino groups in the poly(silamine), the rubber elasticity of poly(silamine) is drastically changed. A discrete volume change can be observed when the environmental pH of the poly(silamine) gels is varied. This can be explained not only by a change in ionic osmotic pressure but also by a change in the rubber elasticity of the networks in the gel.
Load Balancing With EV Chargers and PV Inverters in Unbalanced Distribution Grids (2015)

Balanced three-phase four-wire distribution grids can host significantly more distributed generation and electric vehicles. Three-phase photovoltaic (PV) inverters and electric vehicle (EV) chargers can be adapted to transfer power from highly loaded to less loaded phases, without overloading the inverter or charger. Grid conditions will be improved due to a more balanced operation of the network and more PV panels and EVs can be connected before the limits of the network are reached. A classic coordinated charging strategy for EVs is adapted in this paper. It is shown that the charging of EVs can be improved when power can be transferred from one phase to another. Using PV inverters with a balancing inverter, the power injected in each phase will become a controllable variable as the total amount of produced power does not necessarily need to be equally divided across the three phases. The improvements made by using EV chargers and PV inverters that can balance the network are investigated. Several load flow simulations with realistic data show a positive effect on the system losses, the grid voltage, and voltage unbalance. Finally, a local controller is proposed to control the balancing between the phases when a real-time communication channel is not available.
ChemInform Abstract: Defined Dimensional Alterations in Enzyme Substrates. General Synthetic Methodology for the Bent Dihydro‐lin‐benzopurines. (1986)

Abstract Das aus Acetylendicarbonsäure (I) und Butadien (II) erhaltene Anhydrid (III) wird mit Trimethylsilylazid (IV) in das Dihydroisatosäureanhydrid (V) übergeführt, aus dem mit Amidiniumformiat das Dihydro‐chinazolinon (VI) entsteht.
Nitromethane as d<sup>1</sup>,d<sup>1</sup> Multiple Coupling Reagent for the Carbonyl Dianion Synthon. Practical Synthesis of Chalcogran (1986)

The spiroacetal group is a current synthetic goal, because it is present in many biologically active natural products. A four-step synthesis of chalcogran, 1, the main component of the aggregation pheromone of the bark beetle starts from nitromethane, 1-penten-3-one, and acrolein. This synthetic approach should allow the general synthesis of 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane derivatives.
Obesity-programmed mice are rescued by early genetic intervention (2012)

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting half a billion people worldwide. Major difficulties in managing obesity are the cessation of continued weight loss in patients after an initial period of responsiveness and rebound to pretreatment weight. It is conceivable that chronic weight gain unrelated to physiological needs induces an allostatic regulatory state that defends a supranormal adipose mass despite its maladaptive consequences. To challenge this hypothesis, we generated a reversible genetic mouse model of early-onset hyperphagia and severe obesity by selectively blocking the expression of the proopiomelanocortin gene (Pomc) in hypothalamic neurons. Eutopic reactivation of central POMC transmission at different stages of overweight progression normalized or greatly reduced food intake in these obesity-programmed mice. Hypothalamic Pomc rescue also attenuated comorbidities such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hepatic steatosis and normalized locomotor activity. However, effectiveness of treatment to normalize body weight and adiposity declined progressively as the level of obesity at the time of Pomc induction increased. Thus, our study using a novel reversible monogenic obesity model reveals the critical importance of early intervention for the prevention of subsequent allostatic overload that auto-perpetuates obesity.
&lt;title&gt;Dielectric optical waveguide sensors integrated with GaAs active devices&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

Dielectric optical waveguides exhibit properties that are well suited to sensor applications. They have low refractive index and are transparent to a wide range of wavelengths. They can react with the surrounding environment in a variety of controllable ways. In certain sensor applications, it is advantageous to integrate the dielectric waveguide on a semiconductor substrate with active devices. In this work, we demonstrate a tamper sensor based on dielectric waveguides that connect epitaxial GaAs-GaAlAs sources and detectors. The tamper sensing function is realized by attaching particles of absorbing material with high refractive index to the surface of the waveguides. These absorbers are then attached to a lid or cover, as in an integrated circuit package or multi-chip module. The absorbers attenuate the light in the waveguides as a function of absorber interaction. The absorbers are placed randomly on the waveguides, to form a unique attenuation pattern that is registered by the relative signal levels on the photodetectors. When the lid is moved, the pattern of absorbers changes, altering the photodetector signals. This dielectric waveguide arrangement is applicable to a variety of sensor functions, and can make use of resonant coupling properties between low refractive index dielectric waveguides and high-index absorbing materials.
Supplementary Table S1 from A Kinase Inhibitor with Anti-Pim Kinase Activity is a Potent and Selective Cytotoxic Agent Toward Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table showing inhibition of kinases&lt;/p&gt;
Chrysin leads to cell death in endometriosis by regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and cytosolic calcium level (2018)

Chrysin is a natural compound derived from honey, propolis, or passion flowers and has many functional roles, such as antiinflammatory and antiangiogenesis effects. Although endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease, there is a need to identify the pathology and develop a therapy for endometriosis. Elucidating the biological mechanism of chrysin on endometriosis will improve the understanding of endometriosis. In this study, we confirmed the apoptotic effects of chrysin in human endometriotic cells using End1/E6E7 (endocervix-derived endometriotic cells) and VK2/E6E7 (vaginal mucosa-derived epithelial endometriotic cells). The results showed that chrysin suppressed the proliferation of endometriosis and induced programmed cell death through changing the cell cycle proportion and increasing the cytosolic calcium level and generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, chrysin activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by stimulating the unfolded protein response proteins, especially the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein-PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) pathway in both endometriotic cell lines. Furthermore, chrysin inactivated the intracellular phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the results of this study indicated that chrysin induced programmed cell death by activating the ER stress response and inactivating the PI3K signaling pathways in human endometriotic cells.
Comparison of cellular assays for TLR activation and development of a species-specific reporter cell line for cattle (2017)

PRRs are sentinels of the innate immune system, with TLRs being the most important. Assays for TLR ligand interactions have been used to gain insights into their function and signaling pathways. As significant differences exist between species with regard to ligand recognition, it is necessary to adapt these tools for TLRs of other species. In the present work, we describe a species-specific cell-based assay adapted for the analysis of single PRRs. Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were stably transfected with the NF-κB-inducible reporter gene secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) together with bovine TLR2. We compared the SEAP response with an existing luciferase NF-κB reporter assay for correlation with IL-8 production. A dose-dependent response was detected upon stimulation using both methods with good correlation to IL-8 secretion. Lower stimulant concentrations were detected by SEAP assay than IL-8 secretion. The luciferase assay produced high non-specific background for all ligand concentrations. Of all assays tested, we found the bovine-specific SEAP reporter assay to be the most convenient and delivered results in the shortest time. The developed reporter cell line would lend well to rapid, high-throughput TLR ligand screening for cattle.
Over response correction of optical fiber sensor in radiation measurement (2022)

In radiation measurement, optical fiber sensors (OFS) have many advantages compared to commercial dosimeters, including high spatial resolution. Due to the OFS measurement principle (fluorescence), the recorded measurement results differ from the standard dose value, such as that obtained using an ionization chamber. In this study, a physical correction function is established to considerably reduce the difference. This function quantifies the over-response of OFS to low-energy scattered photons and low-energy electrons. The specific expression of the function is derived from experimental measurement results obtained using the OFS and a commercial standard dosimeter when subject to two different radiation field sizes irradiated using a clinical linac. Following the application of the correction of the function, the measurement difference between the OFS and the standard dosimeter is greatly reduced for a range of radiation fields, in which case the maximum difference decreased from 42.2% to 1.5%. The dose correction method is based on existing quality assurance (QA) protocols used in radiotherapy and is simple and convenient to apply. This research has further promoted the application of OFSs in radiation dose measurement, including radiotherapy QA and in-patient use.