gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of periprocedural myocardial infarction on 10-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting for multivessel or left main coronary artery disease (2020)

Abstract Background Periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) occurs frequently after both percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and bypass grafting surgery (CABG) in patients with complex coronary artery disease (CAD), and PMI has been shown to have a detrimental impact on mortality. On the other hand, long-term impact of PMI on mortality has not been fully evaluated. Purpose This study aimed to assess the impact of PMI according to SCAI definition on 10-year all-cause death in patients with complex CAD. Methods The SYNTAX Extended Survival (SYNTAXES) study evaluated vital status up to 10 years in 1800 patients with de novo three-vessel disease and/or left main coronary artery disease randomized to treatment with CABG or PCI in the SYNTAX trial. Blood was sampled for creatine kinase (CK) pre- and post-revascularisation, and the cardiac specific MB iso-enzyme (CK-MB) was determined only if the CK ratio ≥2 x the upper limit of normal (ULN). If the CK ratio &amp;lt;2 ULN, CK-MB assessment was not mandated. In this analysis, patients with at least one blood sampling within 48 hours of the procedure were included. PMI was defined as follows; peak CK-MB measured within 48 hours of the procedure ≥10 x ULN, or ≥5 x ULN with new Q-waves in 2 contiguous leads or new persistent left bundle branch block. Results Of 1800 patients, 1679 (93.2%) patients were included. Of 877 patients treated with PCI, PMI occurred in 26 patients (3.0%), whereas 14 (1.7%) PMIs were observed in 802 patients treated with CABG. Compared with patients without PMI, patients with PMI presented with unstable angina more frequently (45.0% vs. 28.7, p=0.033), and had a higher rate of bifurcation lesion (87.5% vs. 72.5, p=0.046). PMI was associated with a higher all-cause mortality at 10 years compared with no PMI (55.3% vs. 25.4%; Log-rank p&amp;lt;0.001, Figure), which was mainly driven by a high mortality rate within 1 year. In patients undergoing PCI, the mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with PMI not only within 1 year (Log-rank p&amp;lt;0.001) but also beyond one year (Log-rank p=0.016), compare to patients without PMI (Figure). On the other hand, in patients undergoing CABG, a higher mortality rate in patients with PMI was observed until 1 year (Log-rank p&amp;lt;0.001), but the impact of PMI on mortality beyond one year after CABG subsided (Log-rank p=0.308) (Figure 1). Conclusion PMI was associated with a poor prognosis at 10 years. The impact of PMI on mortality was strong within one year. Of note, the impact of PMI on mortality persisted beyond 1 year only in patients undergoing PCI. Patients who were treated with PCI and suffered PMI need careful follow-up beyond one year after revascularization. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
Comparative Analysis of Serum microRNA in Diagnosed Ocular Sarcoidosis versus Idiopathic Uveitis with Ocular Manifestations of Sarcoidosis (2022)

“Idiopathic” is the most common category of uveitis, representing cases in which a specific diagnosis has not been established despite work-up. Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder affecting multiple organs including the lungs, skin, kidneys, and eyes. We used microRNA (miRNA) microarrays to investigate serum miRNA profiles of patients with ocular sarcoidosis as diagnosed by specific criteria (diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis), and patients with idiopathic uveitis characterized by ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis (suspected ocular sarcoidosis). Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering showed that serum miRNA profiles of diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis and suspected ocular sarcoidosis were both clearly distinguishable from healthy controls. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the miRNA profiles showed highly similar patterns between diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis and suspected ocular sarcoidosis. Pathway analysis revealed common pathways were involved in the two groups, including those of WNT signaling and TGF-beta signaling. Our study demonstrated a high overlap of differentially expressed serum miRNAs in patients with diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis and suspected ocular sarcoidosis, suggesting that these groups share a similar underlying pathology and may represent possible variants of the disease. Characterization of serum miRNA profiles may provide an opportunity for earlier diagnosis and treatment, and may inform more accurate clinical prognosis in patients with an ocular sarcoidosis phenotype.
Agriculture Insights for Improving the Soil Conservation through Optimizing of Water Storage and Advanced Agricultural Methods (2022)

Soil damage has been increased the in the few last decades due to human activities, urbanization and other erotic factors. Absorption of water through soil and aerial parts of plants and resource management strategies allow for the conservation of water. While, organic matter playing important role in good soil structure and water holding capacity, promotes water infiltration, and protects the soil from erosion and compaction. The best water conservation practices to be made in order to optimize the water usage as quantity of water reflected to the crops cultivations. Soil restoration increases the chances to minimize the risk of climatic conditions that ultimately helpful for making the soil fertility. In soil, water from different sources absorbed including the rain sources, surface water, ground water and external water sources. Agricultural groundwater sources are also maintained for irrigation and storage of water needed for survival of climatic conditions. Water storage through solar panels also another way for marinating the water balance and also helpful for storage system. Vertical flow CWs (VFs) are more efficient for marinating the water balance in the agricultural land as compared to the horizontal flow.
Measurements of depolarization distribution in the healthy human macula by polarization sensitive OCT (2009)

Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) allows for depth resolved imaging of polarization properties of retinal structures. Different layers in the retina can be distinguished not only based on their reflectivity but also due to their birefringent, depolarizing or polarization preserving character. In contrast to other structures in the posterior segment, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is depolarizing, i.e., it scrambles the polarization state of light. A spectral domain (SD) PS-OCT system was used to record 3D data sets of the retina. The depolarizing effect of the RPE was analyzed by quantitative evaluation of the spatial depolarization distribution in the macula regions of healthy eyes. Depolarization in the RPE is most pronounced close to the center of the fovea and decreases with eccentricity.
Multi-region exome sequencing reveals genomic evolution from preneoplasia to lung adenocarcinoma (2019)

There has been a dramatic increase in the detection of lung nodules, many of which are preneoplasia atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) or invasive adenocarcinoma (ADC). The molecular landscape and the evolutionary trajectory of lung preneoplasia have not been well defined. Here, we perform multi-region exome sequencing of 116 resected lung nodules including AAH (n = 22), AIS (n = 27), MIA (n = 54) and synchronous ADC (n = 13). Comparing AAH to AIS, MIA and ADC, we observe progressive genomic evolution at the single nucleotide level and demarcated evolution at the chromosomal level supporting the early lung carcinogenesis model from AAH to AIS, MIA and ADC. Subclonal analyses reveal a higher proportion of clonal mutations in AIS/MIA/ADC than AAH suggesting neoplastic transformation of lung preneoplasia is predominantly associated with a selective sweep of unfit subclones. Analysis of multifocal pulmonary nodules from the same patients reveal evidence of convergent evolution.
Essentials of Upscaling Surfactants for EOR Field Projects (2016)

Abstract Surfactant flooding is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique that involves the injection of an aqueous solution of surfactant (and, optionally, alkaline and polymer) into an oil reservoir to mobilise and produce the remaining oil. The quantities of surfactants needed for pilots and future commercial scale projects are large (100s to 10,000s of tons) and necessitate large scale manufacture using existing processes and plants for the different manufacturing steps. Upscaling of surfactants requires a rigorous QA/QC process to control and ensure the quality of batches of surfactants produced. Case studies are described from the perspective of a surfactant manufacturer where 800 and 6000 ton of surfactant were manufactured (as 60% and 20% active concentrates respectively) for two multi spot pilots. These case studies illustrate: The need to define the laboratory tests for surfactant composition and performance. Plus associated repeatability data and specifications (minimum and maximum values) for clear, unambiguous decisions.How the QC is checked at each stage in manufacture from the initial feedstock, through various stages, to the final delivered surfactant concentrate/blend. This also applies to the scale-up procedure from the laboratory made scale (kg) to pilot scale (100s of kg) to the pilot/commercial scale (100s to 1000s of tons).Novel correlations between composition and performance (e.g. optimal salinity, via oil/water phase behaviour tests), developed during the surfactant pilot scale manufacture stage, to a) put more emphasis on verifying batch consistency with faster, easier to use composition tests, and b) give more assurance that large scale production gives the expected sub-surface performance. This requires R&amp;D over an extended time, ahead of large scale manufacture. Overall, the paper shows that industrial scale production of surfactants for chemical EOR is feasible and goes through the essential steps to achieve this. Control of large scale batch quality and performance is critical. This paper also shows results for improved, highly active (60%+) surfactants concentrates with improved rheology behaviour which will be easier to pump, mix and dilute at the facilities than earlier products. This helps to reduce logistical costs thereby improving project economics.
<scp>11‐Cl‐BBQ</scp> , a select modulator of <scp>AhR</scp> ‐regulated transcription, suppresses lung cancer cell growth via activation of p53 and <scp> p27 <sup>Kip1</sup> </scp> (2022)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and functions as a tumour suppressor in different cancer models. In the present study, we report detailed characterization of 11-chloro-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benzo[de]iso-quinolin-7-one (11-Cl-BBQ) as a select modulator of AhR-regulated transcription (SMAhRT) with anti-cancer actions. Treatment of lung cancer cells with 11-Cl-BBQ induced potent and sustained AhR-dependent anti-proliferative effects by promoting G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Investigation of 11-Cl-BBQ-induced transcription in H460 cells with or without the AhR expression by RNA-sequencing revealed activation of p53 signalling. In addition, 11-Cl-BBQ suppressed multiple pathways involved in DNA replication and increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including p27<sup>Kip1</sup> , in an AhR-dependent manner. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of individual genes revealed the requirement for both p53 and p27<sup>Kip1</sup> for the AhR-mediated anti-proliferative effects. Our results identify 11-Cl-BBQ as a potential lung cancer therapeutic, highlight the feasibility of targeting AhR and provide important mechanistic insights into AhR-mediated-anticancer actions.
SqueezeMap: Fast Pedestrian Detection on a Low-Power Automotive Processor Using Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Pedestrian detection for autonomous driving is a challenging task that requires careful trade-off between accuracy, storage, computation and energy requirements. In our work, we extend the recent SqueezeNet architecture to pedestrian detection. We show how this network can be modified to obtain detection performance on the Caltech USA pedestrian dataset that is comparable in overall log-average miss rate to other competing models while easily running at 30FPS on an automotive processor with a model size of 3.24MB and within a power envelope of 2W. The extension relies on the observation that precise knowledge of bounding box corners is not necessary to know the location of pedestrians and their approximate size. Rather, a coarse grid based localization is proposed here and acts as a kind of heatmap of pedestrian locations, relying on only one forward pass through the network. The number of new free parameters introduced is small relative to the original SqueezeNet model.
The Dysphonia Severity Index Used With a Percentage Scale (2005)

The Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI), developed by Wuyts et al. (2000a, 2000b) quantifies perceived voice quality objectively and numerically. As originally designed, the mean DSI for severely dysphonic voices equals —5, and for normal voices +5. Mathematically, this scale can be easily modified into a percentage scale where 0% corresponds to the average DSI for severely dysphonic voices, and 100% to the average DSI for normal voices. This DSI expressed as a percentage, is noted as DSI9%. The lower the patient's index, on either the original or the percentual scale, the worse is his or her voice quality. A cutting point separating normal from abnormal voices is added to the DSI scale. The practical advantages of the renewed DSIo, scale are illustrated by presenting three voice cases studied with it.
Coded Auxiliary Pilots for Channel Estimation in FBMC-OQAM Systems (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel scattered pilot method for channel estimation in filter-bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC-OQAM) systems. We refer to this as the coded auxiliary pilot (CAP) method. It builds on the idea of using a few auxiliary pilot (AP) symbols to eliminate the imaginary interference on each scattered pilot. At the same time, to keep the spectral efficiency of transmission high, the AP symbols are coded to also carry information symbols. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the CAP method can maintain high spectral efficiency and high power efficiency, while achieving complete imaginary interference cancelation. Taking the spectral and power efficiency, the imaginary interference cancelation performance, and the coding/decoding complexity into consideration, the CAP method with two to four AP symbols is identified as a good compromised choice for practice.
Engineered Binding Microenvironments in Halogen Bonding Polymers for Enhanced Anion Sensing (2023)

Mimicking Nature's polymeric protein architectures by designing hosts with binding cavities screened from bulk solvent is a promising approach to achieving anion recognition in competitive media. Accomplishing this, however, can be synthetically demanding. Herein we present a synthetically tractable approach, by directly incorporating potent supramolecular anion-receptive motifs into a polymeric scaffold, tuneable through a judicious selection of the co-monomer. A comprehensive analysis of anion recognition and sensing is demonstrated with redox-active, halogen bonding polymeric hosts. Notably, the polymeric hosts consistently outperform their monomeric analogues, with especially large halide binding enhancements of ca. 50-fold observed in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures. These binding enhancements are rationalised by the generation and presentation of low dielectric constant binding microenvironments from which there is appreciable solvent exclusion.
Reactions Which Form Both Silicide and Nitride Layers (1990)

Reactions of Ti which form both a silicide and a nitride after rapid thermal annealing have been characterized using Auger depth profiling, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Reactions of Ti with Si annealed in a nitrogen ambient at temperatures above 700°C form a thin TiN layer on TiSi 2 (C54). A similar structure is formed by annealing Ti deposited on thin Si 3 N 4 films on Si in Ar at 1000°C. The reaction of nitrogen directly with TiSi 2 begins at temperatures above 950°C, but at temperatures greater than 1050°C, TiSi 2 completely reacts to form TiN. The reaction of Ti with thick Si 3 N 4 films was studied in greater detail. At lower temperatures in Ar, mostly Ti 5 Si 3 is formed at the interface, with some contaminant oxygen and nitrogen released from the reaction, uniformly dissolved throughout the unreacted Ti. Also, a very thin TiN layer exists at the Ti 5 Si 3 /Si 3 N 4 interface. At higher temperatures, a three‐layered structure, TiN/TiSi x /TiN/(unreacted Si 3 N 4 ) develops, allowing a conducting layer to be formed on an insulator. A mechanism explaining the formation of the three‐layered structure is discussed. The important reactions are the fast dissolution of nitrogen into the unreacted Ti and the thermal instability of the Ti silicide/Si 3 N 4 interface.
Rapid Turnover of Effector–Memory CD4+ T Cells in Healthy Humans (2004)

Memory T cells can be divided into central-memory (T(CM)) and effector-memory (T(EM)) cells, which differ in their functional properties. Although both subpopulations can persist long term, it is not known whether they are maintained by similar mechanisms. We used in vivo labeling with deuterated glucose to measure the turnover of CD4(+) T cells in healthy humans. The CD45R0(+)CCR7(-) T(EM) subpopulation was shown to have a rapid proliferation rate of 4.7% per day compared with 1.5% per day for CD45R0(+)CCR7(+) T(CM) cells; these values are equivalent to average intermitotic (doubling) times of 15 and 48 d, respectively. In contrast, the CD45RA(+)CCR7(+) naive CD4(+) T cell population was found to be much longer lived, being labeled at a rate of only 0.2% per day (corresponding to an intermitotic time of approximately 1 yr). These data indicate that human CD4(+) T(EM) cells constitute a short-lived cell population that requires continuous replenishment in vivo.
D81. Gene Expression as Biomarkers of Tissue Viability in Ex Vivo Normothermic Limb Perfusion (EVNLP) (2023)

PURPOSE: Muscle viability remains the primary focus of ex vivo limb preservation. We hypothesized that genes associated with tissue injury pathophysiology are differentially expressed during EVNLP and static cold storage (SCS). METHODS: Bilateral porcine forelimbs were procured and randomly allocated to EVNLP or SCS. Skeletal muscle specimens were collected before limb procurement and during EVNLP or SCS at 0, 12, and 24h. Analysis of differential gene expression was performed with reverse transcriptase PCR to obtain fold changes. Pathway analysis was performed using Panther Classification System.The dream method from R package variance Partition (version 1.24.0) was used for differential gene expression analysis. Plots were made using log2-transformed normalized counts per million mapped reads. Statistical analyses were conducted using Bonferroni correction; the critical P value (α) was determined by the number of comparisons. RESULTS: A significantly different gene expression pattern, between EVNLP and SCS, was detected in pathways involved in inflammation, response to hypoxia, apoptosis, muscle and tissue regulation, coagulation, and other cellular signaling. At 12h, genes related to inflammation were transcribed at a higher rate in the EVNLP group, aside from macrophage inhibiting factor (MIF) which was downregulated at 12h and EVNLP endpoint. IL-10 was downregulated in both groups.Genes in pathways for coagulation, plasminogen activating cascade, presenilin pathway, cholecystokinin receptor signaling, and nicotine degradation were differentially expressed in SCS and EVNLP limbs at 12h. CONCLUSION: We identified genes differentially expressed in EVNLP compared to SCS. Increased transcription during EVNLP aligned with preserved metabolic activity.
Detection limits of multi-spectral optical imaging under the skin surface (2008)

The present work shows that the optical/biological information contained in a typical spectral image mainly reflects the properties of a small (conic like) volume of tissue situated vertically under each individual pixel. The objects appearing on a spectral image reasonably reproduce the correct geometrical shape and size (like a non-deformed shadow) of underlying inclusions of pathological tissue. The information contained in a spectral image comes from a depth that does not exceed ∼2–3 mm. The number of photons that visit a given tissue voxel situated at a depth larger than ∼2 mm represents less than the 1% of the total number of photons reaching the corresponding detection pixel (forming the image). A pathological inclusion (e.g. a pool of blood or vascular tumor) situated at a depth of ∼0.5 mm with a thickness of 0.5 mm produces an image intensity contrast of ∼5% (for images taken at wavelengths in the 600–1000 nm range) when compared to the normal skin background. The same inclusion at a depth of 20 µm provides a contrast decreasing from 55 to 20% with respect to an increase in wavelength. The dermis/hypodermis interface behaves as a partial barrier for the photons, limiting their access to deeper skin regions. The image contrast depends on the depth and the type of chromophore contained in the inclusion. An increase in the concentration of a given molecule may produce different contrast, independently of the depth, depending on the characteristics of the skin layer where this change occurs.
Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Symmetrically 1,3-Difunctionalized Penta- and Hexafluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (1997)

Exhaustive direct fluorination of dimethyl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylate leads to dimethyl pentafluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (2) and hexafluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (3). The latter was hydrolyzed to the diacid (4) and converted to the 1,3-dibromo and 1,3-diiodo analogues (5 and 6) by the Hunsdieker reaction followed by treatment with SmI2. Na/NH3 reduction of the disodium salt 10 causes cage C−C bond cleavage. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 3 revealed very short nonbonded F−F separations of 2.41 Å and an interbridgehead distance of 1.979 Å, long compared with 1.875 Å in 1,3-diacetylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane [19; cf. 1.954 Å calculated (MP2/6-31G*) for 2,2,4,4,5,5-hexafluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (13)]. Calculation suggests a strain energy of 101 kcal/mol (MP2/6-31G*) for the hexafluorinated cage, compared with 68 kcal/mol for the parent bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (20). The remarkably low pKa values of 4 [0.73 and 1.34; cf. 3.22 and 4.26 for the parent diacid 24] originate in a direct field effect of fluorine atoms, combined with an increased s character of the exocyclic hybrid orbital on the bridgehead carbon in 4 (calculated 34% in 13) relative to 24 (calculated 30% in 20). Analysis of the strongly coupled nuclear spin systems of 2 and 3, based on a combination of two-dimensional NMR, spectral simulations, and GIAO-HF/6-31G* calculations of chemical shifts, revealed large and stereospecific long-range 1H−13C, 1H−19F, 13C−19F, and 19F−19F spin−spin coupling constants.