gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Heterogeneous Deformation Microstructures during Cold Rolling of Poly-crystalline Ti-added Ultra Low Carbon Steel (2017)

Deformation microstructures developed by cold-rolling in Ti-added ultra low carbon steel have been investigated by the same site analyses for dislocation substructures and crystal orientation by employing the techniques of SEM-AsB and SEM-EBSD. Particular attention has been paid on the relationship between the characteristics of deformation microstructures and preferred crystallographic orientations after cold-rolling. Moreover, correlation between the formation of newly observed fine grains around grain boundaries and preferred orientations was also examined, taking into consideration the grain boundary characteristics.
Destruction of diagonal and off-diagonal long-range order by disorder in two-dimensional hard-core boson systems (2002)

We use quantum Monte Carlo simulations to study the effect of disorder, in the form of a disordered chemical potential, on the phase diagram of the hard-core Bosonic Hubbard model in two dimensions. We find numerical evidence that in two dimensions, no matter how weak the disorder, it will always destroy the long-range density wave order (checkerboard solid) present at half filling and strong nearest-neighbor repulsion and replace it with a bose glass phase. We study the properties of this glassy phase including the superfluid density, energy gaps, and the full Green's function. We also study the possibility of other localized phases at weak nearest-neighbor repulsion, i.e., Anderson localization. We find that such a phase does not truly exist: The disorder must exceed a threshold before the bosons (at weak nearest-neighbor repulsion) are localized. The phase diagram for hard-core bosons with disorder cannot be obtained easily from the soft-core phase diagram discussed in the literature.
Formula Optimization of a Low‐fat Food System Containing Whey Protein Isolate‐ Xanthan Gum Complexes as Fat Replacer (2005)

ABSTRACT Whey protein isolate‐xanthan gum complexes (WPXC) have the potential to significantly reduce fat use in various products. However, their stability and functionality have not been extensively studied, particularly in neutral pH products. The objective of this study was to evaluate WPXC as a fat replacer in cake frostings and sandwich cookie fillings with reduced‐fat content (160 or 80 g/kg fat). Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effect of WPXC on the viscosity and textural response attributes of samples and to optimize the low‐fat formulations. It was found that WPXC had a positive effect ( P &gt; 0.001), providing acceptable viscosity and texture attributes to the low‐fat samples. A significant moisture‐WPXC interaction ( P &gt; 0.001) revealed that the optimum moisture‐WPXC ratio varied, depending on the targeted texture. This ratio was about 8:1 for cake frostings and about 5:1 for sandwich cookie fillings. Optimal formulations were found, and samples meeting the desirability specifications presented textural and melting profiles similar to those of the control products. However, for the production of sandwich cookie fillings, the use of other ingredients (for example humectants and emulsifiers) must be considered to maintain a low water activity (A w ) and prevent moisture migration to the cookie shell.
Thermal Performance Analysis of a Solar Heating Plant (2017)

Detailed measurements were carried out on a large scale solar heating plant located in southern Denmark in order to evaluate thermal performances of the plant. Based on the measurements, energy flows of the plant were evaluated. A modified Trnsys model of the Marstal solar heating plant was developed to calculate thermal performances of the plant. In the Trnsys model, three solar collector fields with a total solar collector area of 33,300 m2, a seasonal water pit heat storage of 75,000 m3, a simplified CO2 HP, a simplified ORC unit and a simplified wood chip boiler were included. The energy consumption of the district heating net was modeled by volume flow rate and given forward and return temperatures of the district heating net. Weather data from a weather station at the site of the plant were used in the calculations. The Trnsys calculated yearly thermal performance of the solar heating plant was compared to the measurement results. Validity of the Trnsys model was analyzed. Recommendations are given with aim to develop a Trnsys model that can be used to optimize design of a solar heating plant under different scenarios.
Synthetic Application of Fluorinated Vinamidinium Salts: Synthesis of Fluorinated 1,3‐Butadienylphosphonates by the Reaction with Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Reagents. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ceanothane and Lupane Type Triterpenes from<i>Zizyphus joazeiro</i>– An Anti-Staphylococcal Evaluation (2009)

The present paper describes the phytochemical and anti-staphylococcal activity investigation of the dichloromethane extract of the Brazilian plant Zizyphus joazeiro Mart. The purification steps were guided by bioassays against 17 bacterial strains of clinical sources, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and -sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus as well as MRSA (ATCC 33591) and MSSA (ATCC 29213) reference strains. One of the more active fractions is comprised of three lupane-type triterpenes, the methylbetulinate (1) as well as the known betulinic (2) and alphitolic (3) acids and, for the first time in the Z. joazeiro, two ceanothane type triterpenes, the methylceanothate (4) and the epigouanic acid A (5). These substances were assayed against one clinical (PVL+) and the reference strains of S. aureus as well as the ATTC 12228 strain of S. epidermidis, in concentrations that varied from 128 to 0.125 microg/mL in order to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drugs. The minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) was also evaluated to distinguish the bactericidal from bacteriostatic activity of the crude fractions and single compounds. Compounds 3 and 4 possess the highest antibacterial activity. They inhibit all bacteria tested at 32 microg/mL and 16 microg/mL, respectively, while the other compounds showed no activity at 128 microg/mL. In contrast to single compounds, the triterpenoid fraction showed bactericidal activity at 256 microg/mL. Structural elucidations are based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as HR-FT-ICR-MS experiments.
Elevated E‐selectin and diastolic blood pressure in diabetic children (2011)

E-selectin, an early atherosclerosis biomarker, is positively associated with diastolic BP values in children with T1DM, despite relatively short disease duration.
Development and optimization of high resolution multi-shot magnetic resonance acquisitions for diffusion weighted imaging (2016)

Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) has become a valuable tool for imaging tissue microstructure, finding use in both clinical and research settings. In order to better resolve finer structures it is desirable to acquire images with higher resolutions. Achieving higher resolutions in diffusion imaging faces several challenges with the primary challenges being low signal to noise ratio and motion induced phase errors. The work in this thesis aims at creating an acquisition that is able to image with a high SNR efficiency in order to achieve higher resolutions. This is accomplished through the use 3D excitations in order to optimize the repetition time in order to operate in a signal to noise ratio efficient regime. High SNR efficiency is also achieved by minimizing TE through the use of spiral readouts. In conjunction with the signal to noise ratio efficiency is the need for motion correction in high resolution diffusion imaging. In this work, the requirements for performing motion correction are analyzed through simulation and in-vivo experiments. The work on motion correction demonstrated the impact that b-value, gradient strength, and cardiac pulsation have on motion induced phase error correction. Results show that a 6 mm resolution navigator is sufficient for correction of motion induced phase errors due to cardiac pulsation at a b-value of 1000 s/mm2 on most current hardware systems. By combining all the methods used in this dissertation, a high quality diffusion weighted imaging approach that uses a novel pulse sequence was developed that has produced high quality diffusion weighted images at a 0.8 mm isotropic resolution. Additionally this work takes several of the advances used in diffusion weighted imaging and applies them to magnet resonance elastography in order to improve the resolution and spatial coverage achievable with magnetic resonance elastography.
Serum SH3BP5-specific Antibody Level is a Biomarker of Atherosclerosis (2017)

Abstract Background: The discovery and development of novel biomarkers that could facilitate early diagnosis and thus prevent the progression of atherosclerosis-related diabetes mellitus (DM), cerebral infarction (CI), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has garnered much research interest. Notably, recent reports have described a number of highly sensitive antibody markers. In this study, we aimed to identify additional antibody markers that would facilitate screening. Methods: The amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaLISA) method, which incorporates glutathione- or streptavidin-donor beads and anti-human-IgG-acceptor beads, was used to evaluate serum antibody levels in serum samples. The protein array method was used for the initial screening, and peptide arrays were used to identify epitope sites. Results: The protein array identified SH3 domain-binding protein 5 (SH3BP5) as a target antigen of serum IgG antibodies in the sera of patients with atherosclerosis. We prepared recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)- fused SH3BP5 protein. Peptide arrays revealed that the epitope site recognized by serum antibodies is located within amino acids 161–174 of SH3BP5. AlphaLISA revealed significantly higher serum antibody levels against both the SH3BP5 protein and peptide in patients with DM, acute-phase CI, transient ischemic attack, CVD or chronic kidney disease (CKD), than in healthy donors. Furthermore, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of these antibodies were higher in patients with CKD and DM than in other patients. Spearman correlation analysis revealed associations between the serum antibody levels against SH3BP5 peptide and artery stenosis, hypertension, and smoking. Conclusions: The serum anti-SH3BP5 antibody marker appears to be useful for estimating the progress of atherosclerosis and may discriminate atherosclerosis associated with hypertension and/or habitual smoking.
Compressed sensing for beam sensitive materials imaging in <scp>S</scp> canning <scp>T</scp> ransmission <scp>E</scp> lectron <scp>M</scp> icroscopy (2016)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a very powerful technique to investigate materials down to their atomic components. Its versatility allows quantifying samples from their shape to the nature of their constituents and surroundings. However, the strong interaction of the electron beam with matter potentially induces damages in samples under investigation, especially for those composed of soft matter such as zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and most life science samples. Current workarounds involve the reduction of the beam intensity, such as in the so‐called low dose imaging, or increase of the detector performances as provided e.g. by direct electron detectors. Recently, improvement in signal processing lead to the development of compressed sensing [1, 2], a numerical algorithm based on the assumption that real life images are sparse in some particular well‐chosen basis. Images can then be expressed with much less components than what required by the Nyquist sampling theorem. By extension, not all pixels in a given image are necessary and only a random selection of them is sufficient to retrieve the original image with fidelity. By definition, compressed sensing is a very dose efficient technique as only parts of the sample need to be exposed to the electron beam to reconstruct a faithful image. So far, only theoretical implementations of compressed sensing were investigated in the TEM community, focused mostly on the case of tomographic reconstructions [3]. Very recently, we demonstrated the first physical implementation of compressed sensing in a Scanning TEM (STEM) based on the use of a solenoid as a fast beam blanker [4]. The solenoid is placed in the condenser plane of a STEM in a specially designed condenser aperture holder with feedthrough electrical contacts. By synchronizing the STEM signal with the current source driving the solenoid, we successfully acquired compressed images by shifting the beam away from the region of interest on blanked pixels. The case of both medium scale imaging (Fig.1) and high resolution imaging (Fig. 2) was investigated and reconstructed using the SPGL1 algorithm [5] with a signal compression of 80%. The present setup, although still quite far from low dose imaging conditions, has lead to successful imaging of a cross grating and a SrTiO 3 sample. Latest results revealed that a checkerboard pattern, the most demanding pattern for the fast beam blanker, could be acquired with a dwell time of 40 µs and a beam deflection of 225 nm, as shown in Fig. 3. By further improving the experimental setup, we expect reducing the acquisition dwell time to values within the µs range. Such improvements will offer possibilities for realizing improved images and tomography experiments of electron beam sensitive materials.
Record‐setting algal bloom in polymictic Lake Balaton (Hungary): A synergistic impact of climate change and (mis)management (2022)

Abstract After 25 years of apparently successful eutrophication management, a record‐breaking mixed bloom of Ceratium furcoides and Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae developed unexpectedly in 2019 in the large, polymictic Lake Balaton. The peak concentration of chlorophyll exceeded 300 mg/m 3 , 1.5 times higher than the pre‐management maxima. The external load was insufficient to provide the phosphorus (P) required to support this bloom, and its taxonomic composition was radically different from blooms in the 1980s. We hypothesised: (1) that unusually long periods of intermittent stratification led to anoxic P release from the sediments, providing the required P; and (2) that the surprising bloom composition indicated a potential regime shift. To test hypothesis 1, we analysed decade‐long high‐frequency data on drivers of lake metabolism recorded at a shallow near‐shore observatory. To explore likely dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions in deep water in 2019, we performed a sensitivity analysis of a one‐dimensional DO model driven by the General Ocean Turbulence Model, the latter being calibrated against high‐frequency hydrometeorological data measured in the open water. Hypothesis 2 was examined by a sequential t ‐test analysis applied to multidecadal (1976–2020) data on phytoplankton biomass and composition, nutrient loads and summer mean air temperature. We found that DO depletion (&lt;1 g/m 3 ) was the immediate precursor of the large 2019 bloom. The synergistic impact of a climatic regime shift and multiple coincident management actions provoked a shift in phytoplankton composition in 2013 and forced the ecosystem into the state of internal eutrophication. In the present ecosystem state, similarly large blooms could develop in any summer depending on the sequence of weather events. Within the present, warmer climate regime identified here, the effectiveness of external nutrient control in eutrophication management may be limited by changes in the thermal structure. Therefore, it is vital to supplement external nutrient control with internal nutrient control strategies, such as water level regulation, to manage eutrophication and prevent future blooms. Large, continuous polymictic lakes are susceptible to small changes in water level, because the likelihood of stratification (and thus the likeliness of a eutrophication event) increases steeply and non‐linearly with increasing depth. With a climate that continues to warm, and the associated changes expected in internal lake processes, it is possible that we will see regime shifts (such as that identified in Lake Balaton) across more lakes globally. Managing these conditions will require case‐specific modifications of lake management plans.
Cholestyramine-induced changes in low density lipoprotein composition and metabolism. I. Studies in the guinea pig. (1985)

In previous animal studies, bile acid sequestrant resins have been shown to increase the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of a low density lipoprotein (LDL) tracer isolated from a normal donor animal and to increase hepatic LDL-receptor activity. In addition, in man, these resins are known to alter LDL composition such that low density lipoproteins are smaller, more dense, and have a decreased cholesterol:protein ratio. To determine whether metabolic consequences resulted from these changes in LDL composition, we fed cholestyramine chow (2% resin by weight) to guinea pigs, which lowered LDL cholesterol levels by 55%. LDL was isolated from control donors (C-LDL) and from cholestyramine-treated donors (CH-LDL). Compared to the C-LDL, the CH-LDL were smaller in size, depleted of cholesteryl ester and phospholipid, and had a marked decrease in their cholesterol:protein ratio. To determine whether the clearance of the altered CH-LDL was different from that of C-LDL, we labeled the two LDL preparations with 125I or 131I and simultaneously injected them into control and cholestyramine-treated guinea pigs. In 27/29 animals studied, the FCR of the CH-LDL was slower than that of C-LDL, demonstrating that the compositional changes alter the metabolism of CH-LDL. When C-LDL was used as the sole tracer in both control and treated animals, cholestyramine treatment increased the FCR by 41%; when CH-LDL was used as sole tracer, the increase in FCR on treatment was only 26%. This suggested that C-LDL was cleared more rapidly by the LDL-receptor pathway than was CH-LDL. Further support for this idea came from observations that C-LDL was degraded more readily by cultured fibroblasts and that nonenzymatic glucosylation abolished the difference in FCR between C-LDL and CH-LDL. These studies show that the effects of bile sequestration are complex and that the compositional changes produced have profound metabolic consequences. The implications of these observations for interpretation of LDL turnover studies are discussed.
A Platform for Gastric Cancer Screening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2014)

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide and screening programs have had a significant impact on reducing mortality. The majority of cases occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where endoscopy resources are traditionally limited. In this paper, we introduce a platform designed to enable inexpensive gastric screening to take place in remote areas of LMIC. The system consists of a swallowable endoscopic capsule connected to an external water distribution system by a multichannel soft tether. Pressurized water is ejected from the capsule to orient the view of the endoscopic camera. After completion of a cancer screening procedure, the outer shell of the capsule and the soft tether can be disposed, while the endoscopic camera is reclaimed without needing further reprocessing. The capsule, measuring 12 mm in diameter and 28 mm in length, is able to visualize the inside of the gastric cavity by combining waterjet actuation and the adjustment of the tether length. Experimental assessment was accomplished through a set of bench trials, ex vivo analysis, and in vivo feasibility validation. During the ex vivo trials, the platform was able to visualize the main landmarks that are typically observed during a gastric cancer screening procedure in less than 8 min. Given the compact footprint, the minimal cost of the disposable parts, and the possibility of running on relatively available and inexpensive resources, the proposed platform can potentially widen gastric cancer screening programs in LMIC.
Hand and wrist injuries among collegiate athletes vary with athlete division (2021)

Hand and wrist injuries are common among collegiate athletes. Division I athletes sustain higher rates of injuries and higher surgical intervention rates, while tending to miss fewer days due to injury. Improved characterization of divisional differences in hand and wrist injuries can assist injury management and prevention.
Online Anomaly Detection for Hard Disk Drives Based on Mahalanobis Distance (2013)

A hard disk drive (HDD) failure may cause serious data loss and catastrophic consequences. Online health monitoring provides information about the degradation trend of the HDD, and hence the early warning of failures, which gives us a chance to save the data. This paper developed an approach for HDD anomaly detection using Mahalanobis distance (MD). Critical parameters were selected using failure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis (FMMEA), and the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) method. A self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology (SMART) data set is used to evaluate the performance of the developed approach. The result shows that about 67% of the anomalies of failed drives can be detected with zero false alarm rate, and most of them can provide users with at least 20 hours during which to backup the data.
Analysis of adhesive joints between fibre-reinforced polymer laminates and structural steel members (2014)

Over the past three decades, fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have gained a lot of attention in construction especially in the field of infrastructure. The attractiveness of FRP materials is mainly due to their superior mechanical properties such as high specific strength and stiffness, light weight and good fatigue and durability characteristics. The most common applications of FRP materials have been in strengthening and repair of existing structures. Using FRP composites for concrete strengthening and repair has been well researched and documented. However, when it comes to steel structures, the application of FRP materials is somewhat limited. One of the main reasons is the lack of accurate design models for adhesive joints between FRP and steel members. Issues such as the complexity of failure modes and the lack of knowledge of the force transfer mechanism are obstacles that contribute to the difficulty associated with developing accurate design models. This paper deals with analysis of adhesive joints used to bond carbon FRP laminates to steel substrates using a numerical and experimental approach. A numerical model of the studied joint configuration has been developed utilising the finite element method, while, an optic measurement technique has been used to experimentally verify the numerical results. Several classical failure criteria used for design of adhesive joints have been studied to examine their applicability and accuracy in predicting the failure load of the specimens. Different aspects of joint behaviour, such as strain distribution along the bond line and through the thickness of the adhesive layer and failure mechanisms are discussed and conclusions with regard to design of such joints are presented.
Expression of non-protein-coding antisense RNAs in genomic regions related to autism spectrum disorders (2013)

Our data suggests that NATs are abundantly expressed from ASD-related loci and provide evidence for their roles in target gene regulation, neurodevelopment and autism pathogenesis. This class of RNA should therefore be considered in functional studies aimed at understanding genetic risk factors for ASD.