gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinoic acid, midkine, and defects of secondary neurulation (2000)

Background Retinoic acid (RA) is necessary for normal differentiation of the tail bud into the secondary neural tube. Excess RA, however, is teratogenic and causes neural tube defects (NTDs). The way in which RA modulates secondary neurulation is unclear but probably involves RA-regulated downstream genes such midkine (MK), which encodes a growth factor implicated in tail bud mesenchymal-neuroepithelial conversion. Our objective was to determine whether RA-deficiency would produce similar defects and if MK is involved. Methods Citral, a drug that blocks endogenous RA formation, as well as a neutralizing antibody, were used to block RA activity in chick embryos. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to localize RA and MK in the tail bud. Competitive RT-PCR was used to examine the effects of excess RA and RA deficiency due to citral on the expression of MK mRNA. Results Citral-induced NTDs displayed a morphological resemblance to those caused by excess RA. However, citral treatment did not significantly increase embryonic mortality, and RA rescue of citral-treated embryos proved unsuccessful. MK mRNA was detected in the differentiating tail bud by in situ hybridization. Competitive RT-PCR showed that excess RA decreased MK expression by 60%. Doses of citral that caused a comparable incidence of defects, however, caused only a 25% decrease. Conclusions The results show that excess RA and RA deficiency both cause defects of secondary neurulation. While excess RA decreased MK expression, RA deficiency had minimal effects. However, whether or not MK is an intermediary in the developmental phenomena regulated physiologically or pathologically by RA remains to be elucidated. Teratology 62:123–133, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Allergy and Immunotherapy: Are They Related to Migraine Headache? (2010)

Our study suggests that the association of allergy with migraine headaches depends upon age, degree of allergic sensitization, administration of immunotherapy, and the type of headache outcome measure that are studied. Lower "degrees of atopy" are associated with less frequent and disabling migraine headaches in younger subjects while higher degrees were associated with more frequent migraines. The administration of immunotherapy is associated with a decreased prevalence, frequency, and disability of migraine headache in younger subjects.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Carbonyl‐Containing Molecules with Solid Lewis Acids in Aqueous Media (2012)

Abstract Review: 250 refs.
Stimulus‐Induced Accumulation of Inositol Tetrakis‐, Pentakis‐, and Hexakisphosphates in N1E‐115 Neuroblastoma Cells (1992)

When [3H]inositol-prelabelled N1E-115 cells were stimulated with carbamylcholine (CCh) (100 microM), high K+ (60 mM), and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (10 microM), a transient increase in [3H]inositol pentakisphosphate (InsP5) accumulation was observed. The accumulation reached its maximum level at 15 s and had declined to the basal level at 2 min. CCh, high K+, and PGE1 also caused accumulations of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3], [3H]inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,6)P4], and [3H]inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6). Muscarine and CCh induced accumulations of [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3, [3H]-Ins(1,3,4,6)P4, [3H]InsP5, and [3H]InsP6 with a similar potency and exerted these maximal effects at 100 microM, whereas nicotine failed to do so at 1 mM. With a slower time course, CCh, high K+, and PGE1 caused accumulations of [3H]-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4)P3] and [3H]inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4]. In an N1E-115 cell homogenate, [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3, [3H]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, and [3H]Ins(1,3,4)P3 were converted to [3H]InsP5 through [3H]-Ins(1,3,4,6)P4. The above results indicate that Ins(1,3,4,6)P4, InsP5, and InsP6 are rapidly formed by several kinds of stimulants in N1E-115 cells.
Interband Transitions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Sn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ge</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Alloys (1997)

Optical absorption measurements for diamond cubic ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ alloy films indicate strong interband transitions with a change in direct energy gap of $0.35&lt;{E}_{g}&lt;0.80\mathrm{eV}$ for $0.15&gt;x&gt;0$. The optical energy gap undergoes an indirect to direct transition in this composition range and decreases much faster with Sn content than predicted by tight binding and pseudopotential calculations in the virtual crystal approximation.
Small Glycosylated Lignin Oligomers Are Stored in Arabidopsis Leaf Vacuoles (2015)

Lignin is an aromatic polymer derived from the combinatorial coupling of monolignol radicals in the cell wall. Recently, various glycosylated lignin oligomers have been revealed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Given that monolignol oxidation and monolignol radical coupling are known to occur in the apoplast, and glycosylation in the cytoplasm, it raises questions about the subcellular localization of glycosylated lignin oligomer biosynthesis and their storage. By metabolite profiling of Arabidopsis leaf vacuoles, we show that the leaf vacuole stores a large number of these small glycosylated lignin oligomers. Their structural variety and the incorporation of alternative monomers, as observed in Arabidopsis mutants with altered monolignol biosynthesis, indicate that they are all formed by combinatorial radical coupling. In contrast to the common believe that combinatorial coupling is restricted to the apoplast, we hypothesized that the aglycones of these compounds are made within the cell. To investigate this, leaf protoplast cultures were cofed with 13C6-labeled coniferyl alcohol and a 13C4-labeled dimer of coniferyl alcohol. Metabolite profiling of the cofed protoplasts provided strong support for the occurrence of intracellular monolignol coupling. We therefore propose a metabolic pathway involving intracellular combinatorial coupling of monolignol radicals, followed by oligomer glycosylation and vacuolar import, which shares characteristics with both lignin and lignan biosynthesis.
NKG2D-H60a interaction via homotypic T cell contact delays NOD diabetes development. (2016)

Abstract Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disorder mediated by T cells that destroy the insulin-secreting β-islet cells in the pancreas. Both human and murine studies implicate the immune receptor natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) in enhancing type 1 diabetes development. However, a mechanism for NKG2D influence in type 1 diabetes development is not clear. Utilizing NKG2D-deficient non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we demonstrate that NKG2D expression affects diabetes development via multiple mechanisms in multiple anatomical locations, with both pro- and anti-diabetic effects. First, we found NKG2D influences NOD diabetes development via alteration in the microbiota composition. When we eliminated this microbiome effect, NKG2D-deficient mice had enhanced diabetes development, demonstrating a protective role for NKG2D in this disease. Our in vitro studies suggest this protection is mediated via a previously undescribed interaction between NKG2D and the NKG2D ligand H60a, both expressed by activated NOD CD8+ T cells, during diabetogenic cytotoxic T cell (CTL) generation. We show that during CD8+ T cell differentiation into CTLs, NKG2D-H60a interaction generally decreases the subsequent CTL effector cytokine response. Taken together, these findings demonstrate there is a protective role for NKG2D during diabetes development that is likely mediated by NKG2D-ligand interaction during diabetogenic CTL differentiation.
Analysis of driver behavior during yellow traffic signals using drive recorder equipped vehicle (2007)

It is necessary to examine the driver behavior in intersections since many traffic accidents occur in the area. During yellow light, drivers occasionally cause the dilemma either passing through the intersection or stopping at stop line. In this paper, using drive recorder equipped vehicle, many incident data that occurred during yellow light were investigated. Using the collected data, actual dangerous zone during yellow light was extracted. Because the zone is one of the targets for accident prevention, the obtained understandings are useful in considering measures for enhancing safety such as road-vehicle communications. For the covering abstract see ITRD E140665.
Design of dual-road transportable portal monitoring system for visible light and gamma-ray imaging (2010)

The use of radiation sensors as portal monitors is increasing due to heightened concerns over the smuggling of fissile material. Transportable systems that can detect significant quantities of fissile material that might be present in vehicular traffic are of particular interest, especially if they can be rapidly deployed to different locations. To serve this application, we have constructed a rapid-deployment portal monitor that uses visible-light and gamma-ray imaging to allow simultaneous monitoring of multiple lanes of traffic from the side of a roadway. The system operation uses machine vision methods on the visible-light images to detect vehicles as they enter and exit the field of view and to measure their position in each frame. The visible-light and gamma-ray cameras are synchronized which allows the gamma-ray imager to harvest gamma-ray data specific to each vehicle, integrating its radiation signature for the entire time that it is in the field of view. Thus our system creates vehicle-specific radiation signatures and avoids source confusion problems that plague non-imaging approaches to the same problem. Our current prototype instrument was designed for measurement of upto five lanes of freeway traffic with a pair of instruments, one on either side of the roadway. Stereoscopic cameras are used with a third "alignment" camera for motion compensation and are mounted on a 50' deployable mast. In this paper we discuss the design considerations for the machine-vision system, the algorithms used for vehicle detection and position estimates, and the overall architecture of the system. We also discuss system calibration for rapid deployment. We conclude with notes on preliminary performance and deployment.
Improvement of soft magnetic properties of [(Fe0.5Co0.5)0.75B0.20Si0.05]96Nb4 bulk metallic glass by B2O3 flux melting (2008)

The effect of the B2O3 flux melting, which improves the glass-forming ability of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), on the soft magnetic properties of the cast [(Fe0.5Co0.5)0.75B0.20Si0.05]96Nb4 BMG has been investigated. The ring-shaped bulk specimens prepared by the B2O3 flux melting and copper mold casting exhibit the better soft magnetic properties than those of the ones prepared by the conventional copper mold casting. It probably originates for eliminating the nonmetallic inclusions which behave the pinning sites of magnetic domain walls by the B2O3 flux melting. The B2O3 flux melting is effective for improvement of the soft magnetic properties of BMGs.
Demonstration of 25-Gbps optical data links on silicon optical interposer using FPGA transceiver (2014)

We demonstrated a 25-Gbps error-free data link on a silicon optical interposer. The experimental results verified that our interposer is compatible with high-performance FPGAs, and transmitter pre-emphasis and receiver equalization reduced bit error rate of the optical data link.
X-band microwave surface mounted filters based on stripline with two layer asymmetric substrate (2004)

A design concept of a microwave filter structure is presented. This concept allows the filters to be fabricated as independent elements for surface-mounting in a microwave circuit PCB. The filter design is based on a stripline with a substrate made from two different layers. In addition, the design of a special metal housing is shown. The simulation and measurement results of the filter model are presented Filters fabricated according to this concept are very low-cost and insensitive to ambient conditions. They are designed to be used in the ARS-800 radar system.
(+)-Fluorenylethylchloroformate (FLEC) – improved synthesis for application in chiral analysis and peptidomimetic synthesis (2013)

An efficient synthesis of the enantiomers of fluorenylethylchloroformate (FLEC) has been achieved that allows the routine application of the reagent for the resolution of chiral amines including unusual amino acids. The utility of the fluorenylethoxycarbonyl (Feoc) group as a chiral Fmoc equivalent, for combined resolution and protection of amino acids, in solid phase peptide synthesis is also shown.
Depolarization and hysteresis loop asymmetry in PZT thin films with self polarization (1994)

Abstract In the present paper, we have investigated ferroelectric polarization switching, self polarization, (Pself), rapid depolarization, which we call AP, and the asymmetry of hysteresis loops in thin lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) films prepared by a solution technique. For comparison we have used bulk PZT ceramics, whose ferroelectric switching behavior is well understood, to demonstrate the measurement principal.
Dual therapy with the nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor, daclatasvir, and the nonstructural protein 3 protease inhibitor, asunaprevir, in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b–infected null responders (2011)

Dual therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir, without Peg-IFN and RBV, can achieve high SVR rates in difficult-to-treat patients with HCV genotype 1b infection and previous null response to Peg-IFN and RBV.
A Randomized Trial Using Progressive Addition Lenses to Evaluate Theories of Myopia Progression in Children with a High Lag of Accommodation (2011)

The statistically significant, but clinically small, PAL effect suggests that treatments aimed at reducing foveal defocus may not be as effective as previously thought in myopic children with high accommodative lag. Finding no evidence of treatment loss after discontinuing PAL wear supports hyperopic defocus-based theories such as accommodative lag; however, not finding an association between accommodative lag and myopia progression is inconsistent with the PAL effect being due to decreased foveal blur during near work. (Clinical Trials.gov number, NCT00335049.).
Case report: Complete pathologic response with first-line immunotherapy combination in a young adult with massive liver dissemination of mismatch repair–deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: Immunological and molecular profiling (2022)

The current level of evidence for immunotherapy in previously untreated microsatellite unstable metastatic colorectal cancer is based on recent pieces of evidence of few studies that demonstrated durable response and clinical benefit, in terms of objective response rate, disease control rate, and progression-free survival in this subgroup of patients. On the basis of combinatorial immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab, we report the exceptional case of a complete pathological response in a 21-year-old woman presenting a clinically aggressive stage IV colorectal cancer with massive nodal and liver involvement. Extensive molecular analyses based on whole genome next-generation DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry provided a detailed description of tumoral and immunological characteristics of this noteworthy clinical case.
ODIX: A Rapid Hypotheses Testing System for Origin-Destination Data IEEE VAST Challenge Award for Excellence in Spatio-temporal Graph Analytics (2017)

In this paper, we present our solution to the VAST Challenge 2017 Mini Challenge 1. We discuss challenges posed by data set and tasks and introduce ODIX, a custom rapid hypotheses testing system tailored to origin-destination data as provided by the challenge. We show findings made with ODIX and illustrate how we apply sequential pattern mining to explore common traffic patterns.
Porphysome nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal therapy in a patient-derived orthotopic pancreas xenograft cancer model: a pilot study (2016)

Local disease control is a major challenge in pancreatic cancer treatment, because surgical resection of the primary tumor is only possible in a minority of patients and radiotherapy cannot be delivered in curative doses. Despite the promise of photothermal therapy (PTT) for focal ablation of pancreatic tumors, this approach remains underinvestigated. Using photothermal sensitizers in combination with laser light irradiation for PTT can result in more efficient conversion of light energy to heat and improved spatial confinement of thermal destruction to the tumor. Porphysomes are self-assembled nanoparticles composed mainly of pyropheophorbide-conjugated phospholipids, enabling the packing of ∼80,000 porphyrin photosensitizers per particle. The high-density porphyrin loading imparts enhanced photonic properties and enables high-payload tumor delivery. A patient-derived orthotopic pancreas xenograft model was used to evaluate the feasibility of porphysome-enhanced PTT for pancreatic cancer. Biodistribution and tumor accumulation were evaluated using fluorescence intensity measurements from homogenized tissues and imaging of excised organs. Tumor surface temperature was recorded using IR optical imaging during light irradiation to monitor treatment progress. Histological analyses were conducted to determine the extent of PTT thermal damage. These studies may provide insight into the influence of heat-sink effect on thermal therapy dosimetry for well-perfused pancreatic tumors.
Stent-assisted Coil Embolization Using a Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Device: Characteristics and Outcomes of the Braided Stent (2019)

The low-profile visualized intraluminal support device (LVIS) is a braided stent for stent assist coil embolization for intracranial aneurysms. The LVIS stent has a small stent cell design with higher neck coverage than Enterprise VRD/2 and Neuroform EZ/Atlas. The LVIS stent is applied for parent arteries with diameters ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 mm. In particular, LVIS Jr. enables embolization for distal artery aneurysms with a small parent artery. In this report, the authors reviewed cases of intracranial aneurysm coil embolization using a LVIS stent.
Thermal migration of molecular lipid films as a contactless fabrication strategy for lipid nanotube networks (2013)

We demonstrate the contactless generation of lipid nanotube networks by means of thermally induced migration of flat giant unilamellar vesicles (FGUVs), covering micro-scale areas on oxidized aluminum surfaces. A temperature gradient with a reach of 20 μm was generated using a focused IR laser, leading to a surface adhesion gradient, along which FGUVs could be relocated. We report on suitable lipid-substrate combinations, highlighting the critical importance of the electrostatic interactions between the engineered substrate and the membrane for reversible migration of intact vesicles.
Mechanisms and insights into drug resistance in cancer (2013)

Cancer drug resistance continues to be a major impediment in medical oncology. Clinically, resistance can arise prior to or as a result of cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss different mechanisms adapted by cancerous cells to resist treatment, including alteration in drug transport and metabolism, mutation and amplification of drug targets, as well as genetic rewiring which can lead to impaired apoptosis. Tumor heterogeneity may also contribute to resistance, where small subpopulations of cells may acquire or stochastically already possess some of the features enabling them to emerge under selective drug pressure. Making the problem even more challenging, some of these resistance pathways lead to multidrug resistance, generating an even more difficult clinical problem to overcome. We provide examples of these mechanisms and some insights into how understanding these processes can influence the next generation of cancer therapies.
Exploring Deliberate Practice &amp; the Use of Skill Sheets in the Collegiate Leadership Competition (2018)

Little has been written about the use of skill sheets in leadership education and this paper demonstrates how they have been implemented in one specific context. Used in a number of domains (e.g., karate, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) skill sheets are checklists or rubrics that record skill performance. The use of skill sheets in leadership learning and education is a critical step in our efforts to grow as a discipline. Founded in 2015, the Collegiate Leadership Competition has incorporated the use of skill sheets in skill development, assessment of learning, and curriculum design.
Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated with <sup>131</sup> I: Radiation Dose to Relatives After Discharge from the Hospital (2011)

With our current practice, radiation doses to relatives are low and well below international recommendations.
Cytoadherence of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>‐infected erythrocytes in the human placenta (2000)

In Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized pregnant women, erythrocytes infected by mature stages of the parasite sequester into placental intervillous spaces. The presence of parasites in the placenta causes maternal anaemia and low birth weight of the infant. In-vitro studies suggest placental sequestration may involve the cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) and/or intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expressed by human placental syncytiotrophoblast. We identified P. falciparum receptors expressed on the surface of human syncytiotrophoblast using immunofluorescence of placental biopsies from Cameroon, a malaria-endemic area. In all placentas, a strongly positive staining was observed on the syncytiotrophoblast for CSA, but not for ICAM-1, vascular endothelium cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, nor CD36. The cytoadherence ability of parasites from pregnant women and nonpregnant subjects was assessed on in-vitro cultured syncytiotrophoblast. Parasites from pregnant women bound to the trophoblast via CSA but not ICAM-1. Parasites from nonpregnant hosts either did not bind to the trophoblast culture or bound using ICAM-1. Our data support the idea that placental sequestration may result from cytoadherence to placental trophoblast and that pregnant women are parasitized by parasites that differ from parasites derived from nonpregnant host by their cytoadherence ability.
Choice of β-Lactam Resistance Pathway Depends Critically on Initial Antibiotic Concentration (2021)

Antibiotic resistance trajectories with different final resistance may critically depend on the first mutation, due to epistatic interactions. Here, we study the effect of mutation bias and the concentration-dependent effects on fitness of two clinically important mutations in TEM-1 β-lactamase in initiating alternative trajectories to cefotaxime resistance. We show that at low cefotaxime concentrations, the R164S mutation (a mutation of arginine to serine at position 164), which confers relatively low resistance, is competitively superior to the G238S mutation, conferring higher resistance, thus highlighting a critical influence of antibiotic concentration on long-term resistance evolution.