gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Terminal Nitride‐to‐Phosphide Conversion Sequence Followed by Tungsten Phosphide Functionalization Using a Diphenylphosphenium Synthon (2007)

Ligands lost, ligands gained: A terminal tungsten nitride is converted into the corresponding terminal tungsten phosphide by a one-pot sequence of atom-transfer reactions (see scheme). The phosphide complex is subsequently functionalized by treatment with a phosphorus-based electrophile. The resulting phosphorus-rich complex displays PP multiple-bonding character.
Optical-fiber-based measurement of an ultrasmall volume high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>photonic crystal microcavity (2004)

A two-dimensional photonic crystal semiconductor microcavity with a quality factor $Q\ensuremath{\sim}40,000$ and a modal volume ${V}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.9$ cubic wavelengths is demonstrated. A micron-scale optical fiber taper is used as a means to probe both the spectral and spatial properties of the cavity modes, allowing not only measurement of modal loss, but also the ability to ascertain the in-plane localization of the cavity modes. This simultaneous demonstration of high-$Q$ and ultrasmall ${V}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in an optical microcavity is of potential interest in nonlinear optics, optoelectronics, and quantum optics, where the measured $Q$ and ${V}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ values could enable strong coupling to both atomic and quantum dot systems.
Open-Phase Fault-Tolerant Operation of the Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converter (2019)

The three-phase dual active bridge (3p-DAB) converter is widely considered in dc-grid applications. Because of the higher number of switches in the 3p-DAB, it can be argued that the reliability of the 3p-DAB is reduced when compared to other isolated-bidirectional dc-dc converter topologies. The previous work has shown that the 3p-DAB can be operated in a frozen leg fault-tolerant mode, i.e., with the two transistors of the same phase being opened by their gate driver internal protections. Because the free-wheeling diodes are left self-commutated, the analytical characterization of the converter for all voltage and loading conditions is not trivial. In this article, it is proposed to open the faulty phase such as it eliminates the interaction with the faulty-phase free-wheeling diodes. This allows the converter to fall in a characterizable operating mode for all voltage and loading conditions. The results further show that the open-phase operation provides advantages over the frozen leg operation in terms of current stress and power transfer capability. Experimental results on a small-scale closed-loop gallium nitride-based prototype as well as time-domain simulation results are provided to support the theoretical analyses.
[ARDS-like reactive respiratory failure after radical operation for esophageal cancer--with reference to PMN elastase and anaphylatoxin]. (1991)

In a study undertaken to elucidate the pathophysiology underlying reactive respiratory failure following surgery for esophageal cancer, postoperative esophageal cancer patients were divided into 2 groups, i.e. one with respiratory failure (defined as impairment of oxygenating capacity with a respiratory index (RI) value of 1.5 or above, lasting from more than 5 days after surgery) and the other without it, and between-group comparisons were made of respiratory & circulatory dynamics and biologic response system components, e.g., complement, anaphylatoxins and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) elastase. There were no differences between the two groups in patient's age at operation and pulmonary function test. The mean duration of endotracheal control was 5.1 days for the respiratory failure (+) group against 3.7 days for the respiratory failure (-) group. Assessments of respiratory & circulatory dynamics showed that the RI was significantly increase early in the postoperative course in the respiratory failure (+) group as compared with the respiratory failure (-) group, while the hydrostatic pressure of pulmonary circulation (pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv)-plasma colloid-osmotic pressure (COP] and pulmonary shunting rate (Qs/Qt) were also elevated in the former group. Among biologic response parameters, the leukocyte count, platelet count, CH5, C3, and C5 showed long-sustained decreases from the postoperative day 1 on in the repertory failure (+) group as compared to the respiratory failure (-) while PMN elastase activity and anaphylatoxin C3a were elevated from the postoperative day 1 on in the former group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Numerical Study of Reactive Flow Past a Wedge in a Channel (2005)

Detonation of the flow of a combustible mixture over a wedged channel is numerically simulated. A two-dimensional, time accurate, finite-volume-based method is used to perform the computations, and a five-species, two-step chemical reaction is assumed for a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture. The combustion channel is made of a wedged section followed by a constant area section. The simulation was performed with wedges of up to 20 deg semi-angle and Mach numbers from 2 to 6.5, with other inflow parameters fixed. Different types of flows arise depending on the wedge angle and the incoming Mach number. Propagating and standing detonation waves modes were found, both of which can be further subdivided, depending on where the detonation is initiated. Moreover, a case without combustion was discovered for a narrow range of Mach numbers for the 5 deg wedge.
Integrating Machine Learning Model Ensembles to the SAVIME Database System (2022)

The integration of machine learning algorithms into database systems has brought new opportunities in different areas from indexing to query optimization. In this paper, we describe the integration of an approach for the automatic computation of model ensembles to answer a predictive query. We have extended the SAVIME multi-dimensional array DBMS by adding a new function to its query language and implementing the selection and allocation ensemble model dataflow into the query processing component of SAVIME. We show some initial experimental results depicting its performance against a pure Python implementation of the ensemble approach. Interestingly enough the C++ implementation within SAVIME is up to 4 times faster than its competitor.
Dual-Source-CT: In-vitro-Charakterisierung von Gallensteinen mittels Dual-Energy-Analyse (2009)

Ziel: Trotz klinisch etablierter hochauflösender CT ist die Detektion und Charakterisierung von Gallensteinen klinisch nicht immer möglich. Die Pilotstudie untersucht, ob die nicht invasive Charakterisierung von Gallensteinen in vitro mittels Dual-Energy-Analyse der Dual-Source-CT prinzipiell möglich ist. Material und Methoden: Insgesamt wurden 43 Gallensteine (0,4 – 1,5 cm) bei 140 kV, 80 kV und im Dual-Energy-Modus (DECT) untersucht und von 2 Untersuchern zunächst in den 80 und 140 kV-Bildern klassifiziert (Kalzium-, Cholesterin- oder Pigmentstein) und mit dem klinischen Goldstandard der pathologischen Klassifikation verglichen. Nach Etablierung von Referenzbildern für alle Subtypen mittels Dual-Energy-Analyse wurde die Klassifizierung erneut durchgeführt und mit dem Goldstandard verglichen. Ergebnisse: Bei der 80 und 140 kV-Analyse betrug die Sensitivität und Spezifität bei 80 kV für die Kalziumsteine getrennt für die Untersucher 100 / 84 % bzw. 100 / 88 %, für Cholesterinsteine 54 / 89 % bzw. 54 / 85 % und für Pigmentsteine bei 70 / 80 % für beide Untersucher. Bei 140 kV betrug Sensitivität und Spezifität für Kalziumsteine 100 / 84 % für beide Untersucher, für Cholesterinsteine ebenfalls 46 / 92 % für beide und für Pigmentsteine 80 / 75 % und 80 / 80 %. In der Dual-Energy-Analyse konnten alle Subtypen korrekt von beiden Untersuchern zugeordnet werden. Schlussfolgerung: Die vorliegenden Daten zeigen, dass die DECT in der Lage ist, unterschiedliche Gallensteine in der untersuchten Größe unabhängig in ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung in vitro zu klassifizieren. Klinische Studien müssen zeigen, ob diese Ergebnisse zu optimierten Therapieentscheidungen führen.
Selective inhibition of responses to nerve growth factor and of microtubule-associated protein phosphorylation by activators of adenylate cyclase. (1986)

To study the influence of cAMP on cellular responses to nerve growth factor (NGF) and to use elevation of intracellular cAMP to probe the NGF mechanism, cultured PC12 pheochromocytoma cells were exposed to forskolin and cholera toxin. As in other cell types, the latter agents greatly increased PC12 cell cAMP levels. Such treatment also brought about a reversible, dose-dependent suppression of NGF-promoted regeneration of neurites. In support of the role of cAMP in this effect, regeneration blockage by forskolin was potentiated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors. When tested on NGF-stimulated initiation of process outgrowth, cholera toxin and forskolin exerted a dual effect. As in previous studies, these drugs, when applied along with NGF, significantly enhanced the initial formation of short cytoplasmic extensions. However, after approximately 3 d of NGF exposure, at which time such extensions begin to acquire the morphological and ultrastructural features of neurites, these agents suppressed process outgrowth. That is, the neurites were fewer in number, significantly less branched, and much shorter than in control cultures. Such changes also occurred when these drugs were added to cultures that had been pretreated with NGF alone. Whereas forskolin and cholera toxin affect the formation and regeneration of neurites, these drugs did not interfere with the short-latency, transient changes in surface morphology that are triggered by NGF, nor did they inhibit transcription-dependent priming. In contrast, the rapidly occurring NGF-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase was suppressed. Moreover, forskolin and cholera toxin rapidly and selectively blocked the NGF-promoted phosphorylation of a set of microtubule-associated proteins known as chartins. Previous observations have suggested a causal relationship between NGF-induced chartin microtubule-associated protein phosphorylation and the formation and outgrowth of neurites. This is supported by the present data and provides a possible mechanism whereby elevated cAMP may interfere with neurite growth and regeneration.
Visible-Near-Middle Infrared Spanning Supercontinuum Generation in a Silicon Nitride Waveguide (2018)

We demonstrate the generation of a supercontinuum spanning more than 1.5 octaves over 1.2-3.7 μm range in a silicon nitride waveguide using sub-40-fs pulses at 2.35 μm generated by 75 MHz Cr:ZnS laser.
Assessment of methods used to determine the safety of the topical insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) (2014)

N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) has been registered for commercial use as an insect repellent for over five decades, and is used widely across the world. Concerns over the safety of DEET first emerged during the 1980s after reports of encephalopathy following DEET exposure, particularly in children. However, the role of DEET in either the illness or deaths was and remains purely speculative. In response to these cases a number of reviews and investigations of DEET safety were carried out. Here we examine the methods used and information available to determine the safety of DEET in humans. Animal testing, observational studies and intervention trials have found no evidence of severe adverse events associated with recommended DEET use. Minor adverse effects noted in animal trials were associated with very large doses and were not replicated between different test species. The safety surveillance from extensive humans use reveals no association with severe adverse events. This review compares the toxicity assessment using three different models to define the risk assessment and safety threshold for DEET use in humans and discusses the clinical consequences of the thresholds derived from the models.The theoretical risks associated with wearing an insect repellent should be weighed against the reduction or prevention of the risk of fatal or debilitating diseases including malaria, dengue, yellow fever and filariasis. With over 48 million European residents travelling to regions where vector borne diseases are a threat in 2009, restricting the concentration of DEET containing repellents to 15% or less, as modelled in the 2010 EU directive, is likely to result in extensive sub-therapeutic activity where repellents are infrequently applied. Future European travellers, as a consequence of inadequate personal protection, could potentially be at increased risk of vector borne diseases. Risk assessments of repellents should take these factors into account when setting safe limits.
Annexin V SPECT imaging of phosphatidylserine expression in patients with dementia (2006)

The authors sought to use radiolabeled annexin V, a marker of phosphatidylserine expression, to image Alzheimer dementia (AD). Four of five patients with AD had multifocal cortical annexin V uptake, whereas all seven non-AD and six control patients had normal SPECT. The mean cortex/cerebellar activity in patients with AD (1.4 +/- 0.6) was higher than that of non-AD dementia patients (0.7 +/- 0.2; p = 0.02). Radiolabeled annexin V may be useful for imaging AD.
Improving Multimodal Accuracy Through Modality Pre-training and Attention (2020)

Training a multimodal network is challenging and it requires complex architectures to achieve reasonable performance. We show that one reason for this phenomena is the difference between the convergence rate of various modalities. We address this by pre-training modality-specific sub-networks in multimodal architectures independently before end-to-end training of the entire network. Furthermore, we show that the addition of an attention mechanism between sub-networks after pre-training helps identify the most important modality during ambiguous scenarios boosting the performance. We demonstrate that by performing these two tricks a simple network can achieve similar performance to a complicated architecture that is significantly more expensive to train on multiple tasks including sentiment analysis, emotion recognition, and speaker trait recognition.
History and advances in spinal neurosurgery (2019)

Insight into the historic contributions made to modern-day spine surgery provides context for understanding the monumental accomplishments comprising current techniques, technology, and clinical success. Only during the last century did surgical growth occur in the treatment of spinal disorders. With that growth came a renaissance of innovation, particularly with the evolution of spinal instrumentation and fixation techniques. In this article, the authors capture some of the key milestones that have led to the field of spine surgery today, with an emphasis on the historical advances related to instrumentation, navigation, minimally invasive surgery, robotics, and neurosurgical training.
[Bipolar disorder: staging and neuroprogression]. (2014)

In bipolar disorder illness progression has been associated with a higher number of mood episodes and hospitalizations, poorer response to treatment, and more severe cognitive and functional impairment. This supports the notion of the use of staging models in this illness. The value of staging models has long been recognized in many medical and malignant conditions. Staging models rely on the fact that different interventions may suit different stages of the disorder, and that better outcomes can be obtained if interventions are implemented earlier in the course of illness. Thus, treatment planning would benefit from the assessment of cognition, functioning and comorbidities. Staging may offer a means to refine treatment options, and most importantly, to establish a more precise diagnosis. Moreover, staging could have utility as course specifier and may guide treatment planning and better information to patients and their family members of what could be expected in terms of prognosis. The present study reviews the clinical and biological basis of the concept of illness progression in bipolar disorder.
Use of seydişehir alumina as a support for CO oxidation catalysts (2003)

An Al 2 O 3 sample obtained from Seydi y ehir Eti Alüminyum A. z was treated and characterized for its potential use as a catalyst support. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame photometry characterization revealed the presence of 95.52% Al 2 O 3 , 4.44% Na 2 O, and 0.043% Fe 2 O 3 in the original sample. Both n -Al 2 O 3 and f -Al 2 O 3 phases were identified in the crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction analysis. However, f -Al 2 O 3 was found to be the phase in abundance. The BET surface area of the original sample was found to be 40.85 m 2 /g. The original sample was treated in various concentrations of hydrochloric acid to remove Na 2 O impurity. The acid concentration was optimized for the Na 2 O removal efficiency and surface area enhancement. The optimum HCl concentration was found to be 1 M. 1 Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts prepared from these supports and a reference support (Johnson Matthey n -Al 2 O 3 ) were tested for CO oxidation reactions. Catalysts prepared fromSeydis¸ehir alumina showed reasonable activity for the CO oxidation reaction.
Pancreatic Steatosis Is Not Associated With Exocrine Pancreatic Function in Overweight Type 2 Diabetes Patients (2017)

Vendrik, Karuna E.W. MD; Tonneijck, Lennart MD; Muskiet, Marcel H.A. MD; Kramer, Mark H.H. MD, PhD; Pouwels, Petra J.W. PhD; Pieters-van den Bos, Indra C. MD, PhD; Diamant, Michaela MD, PhD; Cahen, Djuna L. MD, PhD; van Raalte, Daniël H. MD, PhD; Smits, Mark M. MDAuthor Information
Relationship of transdiaphragmatic pressure and latencies for detecting added inspiratory loads (1985)

The purpose of this investigation was to measure changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) developed during graded elastic (E) and resistive (R) loaded breaths and to correlate the emergence of such changes with the load-dependent alterations in latency for detection (Tdet). Five healthy adults were studied using three protocols, i.e., graded E, graded R, and graded R in the presence of elevated background R. In each protocol, loads were added for single inspirations, 10 times in random order and separated by three to five unloaded breaths. Subjects pressed a signal marker as soon as loads were detected. Inspiratory flow (VI), inspired volume (VI), mouth pressure, and Pdi of loaded breaths and the preceding unloaded breaths were recorded and computer averaged. Patterns of VI and VI were not altered prior to detection of the smallest added E and R loads but decreased with the higher loads. Group mean patterns of Pdi showed graded increases during loaded breaths. Augmentation of Pdi preceded Tdet and occurred earlier as Tdet decreased with graded E and R loads. Elevating the background R delayed both Tdet of added R and the augmentation of Pdi. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that load-induced changes in diaphragmatic tension may play a sensory role in detection of inspiratory loads.
Sex and Age Effects of Functional Connectivity in Early Adulthood (2016)

Functional connectivity (FC) in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is widely used to find coactivating regions in the human brain. Despite its widespread use, the effects of sex and age on resting FC are not well characterized, especially during early adulthood. Here we apply regression and graph theoretical analyses to explore the effects of sex and age on FC between the 116 AAL atlas parcellations (a total of 6670 FC measures). rs-fMRI data of 494 healthy subjects (203 males and 291 females; age range: 22-36 years) from the Human Connectome Project were analyzed. We report the following findings. (1) Males exhibited greater FC than females in 1352 FC measures (1025 survived Bonferroni correction; [Formula: see text]). In 641 FC measures, females exhibited greater FC than males but none survived Bonferroni correction. Significant FC differences were mainly present in frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Although the average FC values for males and females were significantly different, FC values of males and females exhibited large overlap. (2) Age effects were present only in 29 FC measures and all significant age effects showed higher FC in younger subjects. Age and sex differences of FC remained significant after controlling for cognitive measures. (3) Although sex [Formula: see text] age interaction did not survive multiple comparison correction, FC in females exhibited a faster cross-sectional decline with age. (4) Male brains were more locally clustered in all lobes but the cerebellum; female brains had a higher clustering coefficient at the whole-brain level. Our results indicate that although both male and female brains show small-world network characteristics, male brains were more segregated and female brains were more integrated. Findings of this study further our understanding of FC in early adulthood and provide evidence to support that age and sex should be controlled for in FC studies of young adults.
Selective Trace Enrichment of Chlorotriazine Pesticides from Natural Waters and Sediment Samples Using Terbuthylazine Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2000)

Two molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized using either dichloromethane or toluene as the porogen and terbuthylazine as the template and were used as solid-phase extraction cartridges for the enrichment of six chlorotriazines (deisopropylatrazine, deethylatrazine, simazine, atrazine, propazine, and terbuthylazine) in natural water and sediment samples. The extracted samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography/diode array detection (LC/DAD). Several washing solvents, as well as different volumes, were tested for their ability to remove the matrix components nonspecifically adsorbed on the sorbents. This cleanup step was shown to be of prime importance to the successful extraction of the pesticides from the aqueous samples. The optimal analytical conditions were obtained when the MIP imprinted using dichloromethane was the sorbent, 2 mL of dichloromethane was used in the washing step, and the preconcentrated analytes were eluted with 8 mL of methanol. The recoveries were higher than 80% for all the chlorotriazines except for propazine (53%) when 50- or 100-mL groundwater samples, spiked at 1 microg/L level, were analyzed. The limits of detection varied from 0.05 to 0.2 microg/L when preconcentrating a 100-mL groundwater sample. Natural sediment samples from the Ebre Delta area (Tarragona, Spain) containing atrazine and deethylatrazine were Soxhlet extracted and analyzed by the methodology developed in this work. No significant interferences from the sample matrix were noticed, thus indicating good selectivity of the MIP sorbents used.
High Molecular Weight Factor in FCS Inhibits <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> VacA‐Binding to Its Receptor, RPTPβ, on AZ‐521 (2003)

VacA, a secretory product of Helicobacter pylori, binds to its cell surface receptor, receptor tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) beta, leading to cytoplasmic vacuolization of gastric epithelial AZ-521 cells. VacA binding to the cell surface and VacA-dependent vacuolization were inhibited by cell culture media containing fetal calf serum (FCS). The high molecular weight fraction of FCS isolated by Superose 12 gel filtration chromatography inhibited VacA binding, whereas only weak effects were observed with other fractions. These data show that the high molecular weight fraction of FCS inhibits VacA action though its ability to block toxin binding to its receptor, RPTPbeta, on AZ-521 cells.