gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of periodically-poled LiNbO/sub 3/ and RbTiOAsO/sub 4/ as nonlinear media in continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators pumped internal to an all-solid-state Nd:vanadate laser (2001)

Summary form only given. The combination of quasi phase-matching (QPM) in nonlinear materials with novel cavity geometries allows continuous-wave (CW) optical-parametric-oscillators (OPOs) to be developed as compact, efficient and flexible sources of coherent radiation for the mid-infrared while requiring only modest pump-powers. We report a comparative study of the established QPM material, periodically-poled lithium-niobate (PPLN), and the newer periodically-poled material, rubidium-titanyl-arsenate (PPRTA), as nonlinear media in intracavity CW OPOs based on diode-laser-pumped Nd:vanadate lasers.
Dark optical solitons with finite-width background pulses (1989)

Using numerical solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we show that for positive group-velocity dispersion, optical dark pulses superimposed upon background pulses only ~10× wider can exhibit stable soliton propagation in single-mode fibers. During propagation the background pulse spreads (which reduces its intensity) and develops a frequency chirp. Nevertheless, as the background pulse evolves the dark pulse adiabatically maintains its soliton characteristics. These numerical results are in excellent agreement with recent experimental investigations of dark-pulse propagation in fibers.
pH track of expanding bacterial populations (1992)

A method of pH distribution measurements in agar nutrient media containing expanding bacterial populations is described. It is based on measuring pH microsamples taken at different points of the media. The sample volume was 10 μl. A pH sensitive field effect transistor was used as a measuring electrode. Acidification was found to occur in glucose media, while alkalization occurred in the media containing peptone.
Silk/Natural Rubber (NR) and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-Modified Silk/NR Composites: Synthesis, Secondary Structure, and Mechanical Properties (2020)

Silk composites with natural rubber (NR) were prepared by mixing degummed silk and NR latex solutions. A significant enhancement of the mechanical properties was confirmed for silk/NR composites compared to a NR-only product, indicating that silk can be applied as an effective reinforcement for rubber materials. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis revealed that a β-sheet structure was formed in the NR matrix by increasing the silk content above 20 wt%. Then, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-modified silk was also blended with NR to give a DOPA-silk/NR composite, which showed superior mechanical properties to those of the unmodified silk-based composite. Not only the chemical structure but also the dominant secondary structure of silk in the composite was changed after DOPA modification. It was concluded that both the efficient adhesion property of DOPA residue and the secondary structure change improved the compatibility of silk and NR, resulting in the enhanced mechanical properties of the formed composite. The knowledge obtained herein should contribute to the development of the fabrication of novel silk-based elastic materials.
Detection of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) Using Toluene Dioxygenase‐Peroxidase Coupling Reactions (2003)

We have developed a simple, whole-cell bioassay for the detection of bioavailable benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and similar compounds. A genetically engineered E. coli strain expressing toluene dioxygenase (TDO) and toluene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (TodD) was constructed, enabling the conversion of BTEX into their respective catechols, which were quickly converted into colored products by a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-coupled reaction. The intensity of the color formation was correlated to concentrations of the BTEX compounds. Under the optimized conditions, a detection limit (defined as three times the standard deviation of the response obtained from the blank) of 10, 10, 20, and 50 microM was observed for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene, respectively. The bioassay was selective toward BTEX-related compounds with no interference observed with commonly used pesticides, herbicides, and organic solvent. The bioassay was very stable with little change in response over a 10-week period. The excellent stability suggests that the reported bioassay may be suitable for field monitoring of BTEX to identify and track contaminated water and follow the bioremediation progress.
Suitable Binary and Ternary Thermodynamic Conditions for Hydrate Mixtures of CH <sub>4</sub> , CO <sub>2</sub> , and C <sub>3</sub> H <sub>8</sub> for Gas Hydrate-Based Applications (2022)

The selection of suitable hydrate formers and their respective gas composition for high hydrate formation, driving force is critical to achieve high water recovery and metal removal efficiency in the hydrate-based desalination process. This study presents a feasibility analysis on the possible driving force and subcooling temperatures for the binary and ternary mixtures of methane, carbon dioxide, and propane for hydrates-based desalination process. The driving force and subcooling for the gas systems was evaluated by predicting their hydrate formation phase boundary conditions in 2 wt % NaCl systems at pressure ranges from 2.0-4.0 MPa and temperatures of 1-4 °C using modified Peng-Robinson equation of state in the PVTSim software package. The results suggest that the driving force of CH<sub>4</sub> + C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> + C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> binary systems are similar to their ternary systems. Thus, the use of binary systems is preferable and simpler than the ternary systems. For binary gas composition, CO<sub>2</sub> + C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> (70:30) exhibited a higher subcooling temperature of 8.07 °C and driving force of 1.49 MPa in the presence of 2 wt % aqueous solution. In the case of the ternary system, CH<sub>4</sub>-C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>-CO<sub>2</sub> gas composition of 10:80:10 provided a good subcooling temperature of 12.86 °C and driving force of 1.657 MPa for hydrate formation. The results favor CO<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> as a preferred hydrate former for hydrate-based desalination. This is attributed to the formation of sII structure and it constitutes 136 water molecules which signifies a huge potential of producing more quantities of treated water.
Effects of dynamic lighting on circadian phase, self‐reported sleep and performance during a 45‐day space analog mission with chronic variable sleep deficiency (2022)

Spaceflight exposes crewmembers to circadian misalignment and sleep loss, which impair cognition and increase the risk of errors and accidents. We compared the effects of an experimental dynamic lighting schedule (DLS) with a standard static lighting schedule (SLS) on circadian phase, self-reported sleep and cognition during a 45-day simulated space mission. Sixteen participants (mean age [±SD] 37.4 ± 6.7 years; 5 F; n = 8/lighting condition) were studied in four-person teams at the NASA Human Exploration Research Analog. Participants were scheduled to sleep 8 h/night on two weekend nights, 5 h/night on five weekday nights, repeated for six 7-day cycles, with scheduled waketime fixed at 7:00 a.m. Compared to the SLS where illuminance and spectrum remained constant during wake (~4000K), DLS increased the illuminance and short-wavelength (blue) content of white light (~6000K) approximately threefold in the main workspace (Level 1), until 3 h before bedtime when illuminance was reduced by ~96% and the blue content also reduced throughout (~4000K × 2 h, ~3000K × 1 h) until bedtime. The average (±SE) urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) acrophase time was significantly later in the SLS (6.22 ± 0.34 h) compared to the DLS (4.76 ± 0.53 h) and more variable in SLS compared to DLS (37.2 ± 3.6 min vs. 28.2 ± 2.4 min, respectively, p = .04). Compared to DLS, self-reported sleep was more frequently misaligned relative to circadian phase in SLS RR: 6.75, 95% CI 1.55-29.36, p = .01), but neither self-reported sleep duration nor latency to sleep was different between lighting conditions. Accuracy in the abstract matching and matrix reasoning tests were significantly better in DLS compared to SLS (false discovery rate-adjusted p ≤ .04). Overall, DLS alleviated the drift in circadian phase typically observed in space analog studies and reduced the prevalence of self-reported sleep episodes occurring at an adverse circadian phase. Our results support incorporating DLS in future missions, which may facilitate appropriate circadian alignment and reduce the risk of sleep disruption.
Quickest Detection of a Moving Target in a Sensor Network (2019)

To be considered for the 2019 IEEE Jack Keil Wolf ISIT Student Paper Award. The problem of quickest detection of a moving target in sensor networks is studied. At some unknown time, a target emerges in the sensor network, and one of the sensors in the network is affected, whose data generating distribution undergoes a change. It is assumed that as the target moves around in the sensor network, the sensor that is affected by the target changes with time. Specifically, if a sensor becomes unaffected, then its data generating distribution changes back to the pre-change mode. A discrete time Markov chain is used to model the location of the affected sensor, and thus the data generating distribution of the sensor network after the target emerges is a hidden Markov model. The goal is to detect the existence of the target as quickly as possible subject to false alarm constraints. A windowed test based on a generalized likelihood ratio approach is constructed, and its asymptotic optimality is further established. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate its performance.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of new pyrazol‐3‐one derivatives with aromatase inhibition activities (2016)

A new series derived from 4-(2-chloroacetyl)-1,2-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one was synthesized, characterized and its pharmacological activity toward aromatase enzyme inhibition was screened and compared to the reference native ligand letrozole. The most active compound of the series was 16, showing IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.0023 ± 0.0002 μm compared to letrozole with IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.0028 ± 0.0006 μm. In addition, compounds 26 and 36 exhibit good inhibition activities close to letrozole with IC<sub>50</sub> values 0.0033 ± 0.0001 and 0.0032 ± 0.0003 μm, respectively. Moreover, molecular docking studies were conducted to support the findings.
Role of Lung Function Monitoring by the Forced Oscillation Technique for Tailoring Ventilation and Weaning in Neonatal ECMO: New Insights From a Case Report (2018)

Respiratory management during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is complex. Assessment of lung mechanics might support a patient-tailored ventilatory strategy. We report, for the first time, the use of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) to evaluate lung function during neonatal ECMO to improve the individualization of respiratory support. The patient was a formerly preterm infant at a corrected age of 40 weeks (gestational age 32 weeks) undergoing veno-arterial ECMO for refractory respiratory failure secondary to influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia. We used the FOT as a bedside non-invasive tool for daily monitoring of lung mechanics, from ECMO day 6 (E6) until decannulation. A small-amplitude, 5-Hz oscillatory pressure was overimposed on the ventilation waveform at the airway opening during positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) trials. From E6 to E9, lung mechanics changes with PEEP indicated a largely de-recruited and easily over-distendable lung that was not recruitable by applying lung-protective PEEP values. After surfactant and steroid administration, oscillatory reactance (Xrs) values began improving, suggesting a more recruited and pressure-recruitable lung. On E11, despite the lack of improvement in the radiographic appearance of the thorax, the FOT measurements showed a more recruited lung. Weaning from ECMO was started, and the patient was extubated within 48 h. The decannulation was successful, and the patient was extubated within 48 h after ECMO weaning. First-year respiratory and neurodevelopmental follow-up evaluation was unremarkable. This report suggests the potential usefulness of the FOT for monitoring the lung mechanics of ventilated newborns during ECMO to achieve individualized respiratory management. Such tailoring might improve neonatal outcomes and support clinicians with the establishment of a timely and safer weaning approach. These findings need to be verified on a larger population.
Four principles to make evidence synthesis more useful for policy (2018)

Reward the creation of analyses for policymakers that are inclusive, rigorous, transparent and accessible, urge Christl A. Donnelly and colleagues. Reward the creation of analyses for policymakers that are inclusive, rigorous, transparent and accessible.
High Quality SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Gate Stack for GaN Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (2013)

High quality SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 gate stack has been demonstrated for GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistor. We confirmed that Al 2 O 3 could realize a low interface-state density between Al 2 O 3 and GaN, however, the breakdown field was low. By incorporating the merits of both Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , which has a high breakdown field and a large charge-to-breakdown, SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 gate stack structure has been employed in GaN MOS devices. The structure shows a low interface state density between gate insulator and GaN, a high breakdown field, and a large charge-to-breakdown. The SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 gate stack has also been applied to AlGaN/GaN hybrid MOS heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET). The MOS-HFET shows excellent properties with the threshold voltage of 4.2 V and the maximum field-effect mobility of 192 cm 2 V -1 s -1 .
Reduced inflammatory response and promoted multiciliated cell differentiation in mice protected by defective interfering influenza virus (2022)

ABSTRACT Influenza defective interfering (DI) viruses have long been considered promising antiviral candidates because of their ability to interfere with replication-competent viruses and to induce antiviral immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying DI-mediated antiviral immunity have not been extensively explored. Here, we demonstrated interferon (IFN) independent protection conferred by influenza DI virus against homologous virus infection in mice deficient in type I and III IFN signaling. By integrating transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory data we identified unique host signatures in response to DI co-infection. DI-treated mice exhibited reduced viral transcription, less intense inflammatory and innate immune responses, and primed multiciliated cell differentiation in their lungs at an early stage of infection, even in the absence of type I or III IFNs. Overall, our study provides mechanistic insight into the protection mediated by DIs, implying a unifying theme involving inflammation and multiciliogenesis in maintaining respiratory homeostasis, and reveals their IFN-independent antiviral activity.
Hospital Readmission After Noncardiac Surgery (2014)

Unplanned readmissions in surgical patients are common in patients experiencing postoperative complications and can be predicted using the ACS NSQIP risk of major complications. Prospective identification of high-risk patients, using the NSQIP complication risk index, may allow hospitals to reduce unplanned rehospitalizations.
Laser additive manufacturing of oxide dispersion strengthened steels (Conference Presentation) (2019)

The feasibility of a novel powder synthesis route that is used in laser additive manufacturing (LAM) of oxide dispersion strengthened steels is demonstrated in this study [1]. The route consists of laser processing of colloids [2] and subsequent electrophoretic deposition [3] and leads to powder composites, which are characterized by a homogenous distribution of oxide nanoparticles on the surface of micrometer-sized stainless steel particles. The powder composites are successfully processed by the two LAM processes of LMD and SLM, leading to bulk specimens with low porosities and homogenous distribution of nanoscale dispersoids. Compression tests at elevated temperatures demonstrate the superior performance of reinforced material compared to raw stainless steel specimens. References: [1] C. Doñate-Buendía, F. Frömel, M. B. Wilms, R. Streubel, J. Tenkamp, T. Hupfeld, M. Nachev, E. Gökce, A. Weisheit, S. Barcikowski, F. Walther, J. H. Schleifenbaum, B. Gökce, Materials & Design 154, 360 (2018). [2] D. Zhang, B. Gökce and S. Barcikowski, Chem. Rev., 117, 3990, (2017). [3] R. Streubel, M. B. Wilms, C. Doñate-Buendía, A. Weisheit, S. Barcikowski, J. H. Schleifenbaum, B. Gökce Jpn. Journal of Applied Physics 57, 040310 (2018).
Oxidized LDL induces FAK-dependent RSK signaling to drive NF-κB activation and VCAM-1 expression (2016)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) accumulates early in atherosclerosis and promotes endothelial nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, proinflammatory gene expression and monocyte adhesion. Like for other atherogenic factors, oxLDL-induced proinflammatory responses requires integrin-dependent focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) signaling; however, the mechanism by which FAK mediates oxLDL-dependent NF-κB signaling has yet to be revealed. We now show that oxLDL induces NF-κB activation and VCAM-1 expression through FAK-dependent IκB kinase β (IKKβ, also known as IKBKB) activation. We further identify FAK-dependent activation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase family proteins (RSK) as a crucial mediator of oxLDL-dependent IKKβ and NF-κB signaling, as inhibiting RSK blocks oxLDL-induced IKKβ and NF-κB activation, VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion. Finally, transgenic mice containing a kinase-dead mutation in FAK specifically in the endothelial cells show reduced RSK activity, decreased VCAM-1 expression and reduced macrophage accumulation in regions of early atherosclerosis. Taken together, our data elucidates a new mechanism whereby oxLDL-induced endothelial FAK signaling drives an ERK-RSK pathway to activate IKKβ and NF-κB signaling and proinflammatory gene expression.
Evaluation of ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) for determining the isomeric heterogeneity of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) (2012)

It is demonstrated that IMS has the capability to rapidly differentiate glycan isomers, ranging from disaccharides (m/z 449) to hexasaccharides (m/z 1065). IMS resolved isomeric peaks for the m/z species that appeared as single peak in a HPLC fraction. The number of isomers of a given m/z species able to be identified by LC/MS proved to be very limited compared to IMMS. Ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry represents a significant advancement in biological glycan analysis. Conclusions Rapid separation and analysis of isomeric species are essential steps in the analytical protocol of carbohydrate structure analysis for glycomics research. This study evaluated the use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) prior to MS as an additional rapid isomer separation step prior to mass spectral analysis. Neutral oligosaccharide alditols of BSM were investigated in positive mode. Multiple isomers were detected for specific m/z on millisecond time scale, which would be difficult or impossible using MS alone or single LC column. Tandem MS provide valuable information for elucidating glycan structures and understanding the isomeric nature of glycans. Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections and vaginal douching in a population of female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya (2001)

The widespread habit of douching among African female sex workers was confirmed. The association between vaginal douching and BV is of concern, given the increased risk of HIV infection with BV, which has now been shown in several studies. It is unclear why we could not demonstrate a direct association between douching and HIV infection. Further research is required to better understand the complex relation between douching, risk for bacterial vaginosis, and risk for HIV and other STIs.
EP01.07: Fetal intracranial space occupying lesions: MRI versus ultrasound (2017)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in characterising fetal intracranial space occupying lesions in comparison to prenatal ultrasound. This retrospective study included 50 fetuses (mean age: 26 years, mean gestational weeks: 31+1 GW) with intracranial space occupying lesions, suspected by prenatal screening ultrasound. T2-weighted, T1-weighted, SSFP and diffusion-weighted sequences of the fetal brain were obtained on a 1.5 Tesla unit. Pathology (n=5), postmortem MRI (n=3) or postnatal US (n=42) was available as standard of reference. The Fetal MRI provided correct diagnosis in 49 cases (98%), while 35 (70%) by ultrasound and MRI failed in 1 case (2%), while ultrasound failed in 15 cases (30%). Fetal MR and ultrasound were concordant in 35 of 50 cases (70%), completely discordant in 4 (8%) and partially discordant in 11 (22%) cases. MRI could provide detailed information about the minor lesions, such as focal hemorrhage and periventricular nodules. Meanwhile it could provide whole view of the lesion in order to delineate the surrounding anatomical structure. But there are still some limitations of its soft tissue resolution in a case with teratoma, more effort is needed to improve the sequences.
Mirror-enhanced plasmonic nanoaperture for ultrahigh optical force generation with minimal heat generation (2023)

Double Nanohole Plasmonic Tweezers (DNH) have revolutionized particle trapping capabilities, enabling trapping of nanoscale particles well beyond the diffraction limit. This advancement allows for the low-power trapping of extremely small particles, such as 20 nm nanoparticles and individual proteins. However, to mitigate the potentially amplified effects of plasmonic heating at resonance illumination, DNH plasmonic tweezers are typically operated under off-resonance conditions.Consequently, this results in a decrease in optical forces and electric field enhancement within the plasmonic hotspot, which is undesirable for applications that require enhanced light-matter interaction like Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). In this study, we present a novel design for DNH plasmonic tweezers that addresses these limitations and provides significantly higher field enhancements. By introducing a reflector layer, on-resonance illumination can be achieved while significantly reducing plasmonic heating.This reflector layer facilitates efficient dissipation of heat both in-plane and axially. Furthermore, the integration of a reflector layer enables a redistribution of hotspots via Maxwell's boundary conditions for metals, creating more accessible hotspots optimal for applications that require enhanced light-matter interaction. We also demonstrate low-power trapping of small extracellular vesicles using our novel design, thereby opening possibilities for applications such as SERS and single photon emission that require intense light-matter interaction.