gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attosecond Time-Scale Intra-atomic Phase Matching of High Harmonic Generation (2001)

Using a model of high-harmonic generation that couples a fully quantum calculation with a semiclassical electron trajectory picture, we show that a new type of phase matching is possible when an atom is driven by an optimal optical waveform. For an optimized laser pulse shape, strong constructive interference is obtained in the frequency domain between emissions from different electron trajectories, thereby selectively enhancing a particular harmonic order. This work demonstrates that coherent control in the strong-field regime is possible by adjusting the peaks of a laser field on an attosecond time scale.
Establishment and practice of higher educating system of Outstanding Mining engineer (2012)

Mining industry plays an important role in Chinese National Economy with more than 10 million persons serving for it, yet the quality and capacity of Chinese mining engineers has lagged far behind developed countries. In this paper based on “Plan for Educating and Training Outstanding Engineer”, according to the mining industry status and trend, the Plan for Educating and Training Outstanding Mining Engineer (PETOME) is put forward, which consists of educating objectives, educating standards, the educating plan of higher school and the enterprise plan. At the same time some questions and solutions in the practice of PETOME is claimed. Good results are achieved after PETOME practice in Shandong University of Science and Technology.
Detection, Validation, and Application of Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing Based Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Upland Cotton (2015)

The presence of two closely related subgenomes in the allotetraploid Upland cotton, combined with a narrow genetic base of the cultivated varieties, has hindered the identification of polymorphic genetic markers and their use in improving this important crop. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is a rapid way to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers; however, these SNPs may be specific to the sequenced cotton lines. Our objective was to obtain a large set of polymorphic SNPs with broad applicability to the cultivated cotton germplasm. We selected 11 diverse cultivars and their random-mated recombinant inbred progeny for SNP marker development via GBS. Two different GBS methodologies were used by Data2Bio (D2B) and the Institute for Genome Diversity (IGD) to identify 4441 and 1176 polymorphic SNPs with minor allele frequency of ≥0.1, respectively. We further filtered the SNPs and aligned their sequences to the diploid Gossypium raimondii reference genome. We were able to use homeologous SNPs to assign 1071 SNP loci to the At subgenome and 1223 to the Dt subgenome. These filtered SNPs were located in genic regions about twice as frequently as expected by chance. We tested 111 of the SNPs in 154 diverse Upland cotton lines, which confirmed the utility of the SNP markers developed in such approach. Not only were the SNPs identified in the 11 cultivars present in the 154 cotton lines, no two cultivars had identical SNP genotypes. We conclude that GBS can be easily used to discover SNPs in Upland cotton, which can be converted to functional genotypic assays for use in breeding and genetic studies.
One-Pot Synthesis of Lactams Using Domino Reactions: Combination of Schmidt Reaction with Sakurai and Aldol Reactions (2009)

A series of domino reactions in which the intramolecular Schmidt reaction is combined with either a Sakurai reaction, an aldol reaction, or both is reported. The Sakurai reaction of an allylsilane with an azido-containing enone under Lewis acidic conditions followed by protonation of the resulting titanium enolate species allowed for a subsequent intramolecular Schmidt reaction. Alternatively, the intermediate titanium enolate could undergo an aldol reaction followed by the intramolecular Schmidt reaction to form lactam products with multiple stereogenic centers. The stereochemical features of the titanium enolate aldol reaction with several 3-azidoaldehyde substrates during this domino process is discussed.
Further Studies on the Changes of Chicken Brain Gangliosides During Prenatal and Postnatal Life (1990)

The developmental profiles of the gangliosides and those of the fatty acids and long-chain bases of the total ganglioside mixture of the brain of chicken were followed from the 10th day of incubation to the 63rd posthatching day. One O-acetylated polysialoganglioside that seems specific of the earlier embryonic stage and up to 21 alkali-stable components could be recognized by high-resolution two-dimensional TLC procedures and quantified by computer-assisted two-dimensional TLC densitometry. Besides a number of gangliosides identified by co-chromatography with reference standards, 10 were of unidentified structure, and within these 4 did not belong to the gangliotetrahexosyl series. Throughout embryonic life, the ceramide portion of gangliosides was found to contain the long-chain base species with 18 carbons. Those with 20 carbons, approximately 10% of the total, were found to be present only after hatching.
Caffe2Unity: Immersive Visualization and Interpretation of Deep Neural Networks (2021)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) dominate many tasks in the computer vision domain, but it is still difficult to understand and interpret the information contained within these networks. To gain better insight into how a network learns and operates, there is a strong need to visualize these complex structures, and this remains an important research direction. In this paper, we address the problem of how the interactive display of DNNs in a virtual reality (VR) setup can be used for general understanding and architectural assessment. We compiled a static library as a plugin for the Caffe framework in the Unity gaming engine. We used routines from this plugin to create and visualize a VR-based AlexNet architecture for an image classification task. Our layered interactive model allows the user to freely navigate back and forth within the network during visual exploration. To make the DNN model even more accessible, the user can select certain connections to understand the activity flow at a particular neuron. Our VR setup also allows users to hide the activation maps/filters or even interactively occlude certain features in an image in real-time. Furthermore, we added an interpretation module and reframed the Shapley values to give a deeper understanding of the different layers. Thus, this novel tool offers more direct access to network structures and results, and its immersive operation is especially instructive for both novices and experts in the field of DNNs.
Preparation and characterization of Pt/silicalite catalysts with high Pt loadings (1988)

Abstract Methods for preparing Pt/silicalite catalysts are described. Equilibration of silicalite, a pentasil zeolite, in aqueous solutions of Pt(NH 3 ), Cl 2 containing excess ammonia resulted in Pt/silicalite catalysts with Pt loadings of ≥7 wt%. The Pt/silicalite catalysts were characterized by hydrogen chemisorption, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The characterization studies showed that the majority of the Pt in the heavily loaded catalysts was located in the silicalite pores, and the Pt dispersions in these catalysts exceeded 0.8.
Study of Azoles as Bifunctional Additives for Proton Exchange Membranes Melt-Processing from LSC and SSC Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomers (2014)

Azoles are investigated as potential bifunctional additives for proton exchange membranes (PEM) manufacturing through direct melt-processing of acidic ionomers. The additives selected are highly polar additives with relatively high boiling points that are expected to interact with the ion-rich aggregates that compose the nanophase separation in ionomers and act as plasticizers improving the viscoelastic behavior during melt processing. Long Side Chain (LSC) and Short Side Chain (SSC) Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) based ionomers membranes have been prepared using a series of heterocyclic azoles, the study describes the properties of the obtained materials.
Key Parameters Requirements for Non‐Fullerene‐Based Organic Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency &gt;20% (2019)

The reported power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) now exceed 14% and 17% for single-junction and two-terminal tandem cells, respectively. However, increasing the PCE further requires an improved understanding of the factors limiting the device efficiency. Here, the efficiency limits of single-junction and two-terminal tandem NFA-based OPV cells are examined with the aid of a numerical device simulator that takes into account the optical properties of the active material(s), charge recombination effects, and the hole and electron mobilities in the active layer of the device. The simulations reveal that single-junction NFA OPVs can potentially reach PCE values in excess of 18% with mobility values readily achievable in existing material systems. Furthermore, it is found that balanced electron and hole mobilities of >10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in combination with low nongeminate recombination rate constants of 10<sup>-12</sup> cm<sup>3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> could lead to PCE values in excess of 20% and 25% for single-junction and two-terminal tandem OPV cells, respectively. This analysis provides the first tangible description of the practical performance targets and useful design rules for single-junction and tandem OPVs based on NFA materials, emphasizing the need for developing new material systems that combine these desired characteristics.
GAMIBHEAR: whole-genome haplotype reconstruction from Genome Architecture Mapping data (2021)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
2-Methoxycanthin-6-one: A New Alkaloid from the Stem Wood of<i>Quassia amara</i> (1993)

A new alkaloid, 2-methoxycanthin-6-one ( 1) has been isolated from the methanol extract of the stem wood of QUASSIA AMARA. In addition quassin ( 6) was also isolated. The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic methods.
Supplementary Figure 6 from MDA-9/Syntenin and IGFBP-2 Promote Angiogenesis in Human Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 173K, Graphical representations of the effects of IGFBP-2 on vasculogeneis.&lt;/p&gt;
Universal Long Duration Tug Concept (2008)

Current plans for manned missions to Moon, Mars and beyond involve launching very large and expensive launch vehicles. An alternative is to launch several smaller tugs and have them rendezvous in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The tugs could dock nose to tail and form a train of stages that can provide the delta V for trips to the Moon, Mars, or other planets and act as a multi-stage launch vehicle that originates from LEO. Such staging can reduce the total mass required to be lifted from the earth's surface and allow international participation, risk sharing, and cost sharing in human space flight missions. The tugs could also be pre-positioned in orbit around other planets and moons and provide the delta V for the trip back to Earth. This paper describes key areas of the proposed Universal Long Duration tug (ULD-Tug) concept.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Functionalized 1,1‐Diiodo‐1‐alkenes. Generation and Reactions of 1‐Iodo‐1‐lithio‐1‐alkenes and 1,1‐Dilithio‐1‐alkenes. (1988)

Abstract Iodination of (I) in the presence of a nucleophile such as (II) yields the title compounds (III).
Induction of Cell Death, DNA Strand Breaks, and Cell Cycle Arrest in DU145 Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Line by Benzo[a]pyrene and Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (2007)

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a major environmental pollutant. In this study, the effects of this carcinogen/mutagen and one of its metabolites, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), on human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145, were examined. Cell viability, DNA damage, and cell cycle progression were evaluated as toxic end-points. We have shown that B[a]P and BPDE inhibited cell viability following 48 hr of exposure. Furthermore, comet assay analyses revealed that both B[a]P and BPDE induced DNA strand breaks in a concentration-dependent fashion. Flow cytometric analyses showed that about 70% of DU145 cells were arrested by B[a]P at the G1 phase, while about 76% were arrested at G1 phase by BPDE. These data reveal that B[a]P and BPDE are cytotoxic and genotoxic to DU145 prostate cancer cells.
Novel Logic Non-Volatile Memory with Highly Reliable Performances for Autotronic Application (2019)

A novel logic non-volatile memory (NVM), which is fabricated by generic logic CMOS process without any additional thermal budget and with only two additional mask layers for well implantation, is proposed in this paper. Compared to the traditional cell structure, the proposed memory cell features 45% cell size reduction and overall memory macro has 37.5% area shrinkage. In addition, the NVM macro performs excellent programming/erase endurance capability up to 10K cycles and good data retention at 175°C. The NVM macro can fulfill the autotronic reliability requirements of the thermal stress conditions with 125°C high temperature operating life test over 1K hours.
Distance-Based Local Geocasting in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks (2007)

Geocasting uses location information to disseminate messages within a specified geographic area. However, in some applications, it is not feasible for the nodes to be able to determine their location coordinates. In this paper, we propose a novel distanced-based approach for local geocasting to address this problem. In local geocasting, source node is interested in spread messages within a local area around itself. We exploit the relationship between radius of local area and the expected hop count in a multi-hop wireless network with uniformly distributed nodes. We estimate the minimum number of hops required to cover all of the nodes within the given local geocasting area. The hop count is then used as hop limit to restrict flooding. We theoretically analyze the average number of rebroadcast messages in the proposed approach and the analytical model is validated by the statistic results. We further conduct a simulation-based comparison between distance-based local geocasting and traditional local geocasting. The results show that our approach can achieve a similar performance as that of traditional local geocasting.
A novel role for junctional adhesion molecule‐A in tumor proliferation: Modulation by an anti‐JAM‐A monoclonal antibody (2012)

To identify new potential targets in oncology, functional approaches were developed using tumor cells as immunogens to select monoclonal antibodies targeting membrane receptors involved in cell proliferation. For that purpose cancer cells were injected into mice and resulting hybridomas were screened for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation in vitro. Based on this functional approach coupled to proteomic analysis, a monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing the human junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) was defined. Interestingly, compared to both normal and tumor tissues, we observed that JAM-A was mainly overexpressed on breast, lung and kidney tumor tissues. In vivo experiments demonstrated that injections of anti-JAM-A antibody resulted in a significant tumor growth inhibition of xenograft human tumors. Treatment with monoclonal antibody induced a decrease of the Ki67 expression and downregulated JAM-A levels. All together, our results show for the first time that JAM-A can interfere with tumor proliferation and suggest that JAM-A is a potential novel target in oncology. The results also demonstrate that a functional approach coupled to a robust proteomic analysis can be successful to identify new antibody target molecules that lead to promising new antibody-based therapies against cancers.
Microwave oscillators incorporating cryogenic sapphire dielectric resonators (2002)

Progress is reported on efforts to develop a commercially viable high-purity X-band signal source incorporating a cryogenic sapphire dielectric resonator. The resonator design is of the whispering gallery type to take advantage of the excellent electromagnetic field confinement offered by this geometry. Complications resulting from the high spurious mode density of this type of resonator have been eliminated by developing a very accurate and complete mode analysis program which fully incorporates the dielectric anisotropies of the sapphire ring. This program allows the design of a window in the frequency domain where no unwanted modes exist, with accurate placement of the desired mode at the center of this region. The phase noise properties of simple oscillators incorporating these resonators have been evaluated. Two-oscillator phase noise comparison measurements have yielded extremely encouraging results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Corrigendum to: ‘An early European experience with transapical off-pump mitral valve repair with NeoChord implantation [Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018;54:460–6] (2019)

In the version of this article initially published, author Matteo Marro's first name was misspelled. The error has been corrected above and in the online version of the article..
Stretchable and durable inverse vulcanized polymers with chemical and thermal recycling (2021)

Inverse vulcanized polymer materials have received considerable attention as a way to use sulfur, an industrial by-product, as starting material for synthesis. The resulting high-sulfur content polymers have also been investigated because their properties give rise to promising applications like infrared imaging, energy storage, and heavy metal capture due to their unique structure. However, synthesis of a flexible sulfur polymer network which shows good mechanical properties combining high strength, high elongation, and high toughness is still a significant challenge. Moreover, further exploration of the properties of sulfur polymers to better understand the relationship between the polymers’ structure with their performance is still needed. Here, a range of crosslinked sulfur polymers with high tensile elongation and toughness, and without losing high strength were successfully synthesized. The obtained crosslinked sulfur polymers show high solvent tolerance in most organic solvents but are demonstrated to be chemically de-crosslinked in polar solvents dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and can be re-crosslinked after removing the solvent due to the high sulfur ranks present in the polymer network. Despite the significantly improved mechanical properties, highly efficient thermal recycling performance typical of inverse vulcanized polymers was retained. Flexibility and durability, combined with chemical and thermal recycling, could open a new door for wider applications of inverse vulcanized polymers.
Direct evidence for interaction between human erythroid progenitor cells and a hemoglobin switching activity present in fetal sheep serum. (1983)

An activity that induces Hb F to Hb A switching in human cells is present in fetal sheep serum. To test directly the role of cell-to-environment interactions in hemoglobin switching and to define the level of erythroid cell differentiation at which this activity operates, colony transfer experiments were done. Clones grown in the presence of switching activity-containing medium (fetal sheep serum) or control medium (fetal calf serum) were transferred, at the 16- to 30-cell stage, to either fetal sheep serum or fetal calf serum plates and Hb F synthesis was determined in the fully mature erythroid bursts. Fetal calf serum-to-fetal calf serum transfers produced colonies with the high Hb F levels characteristic of undisturbed fetal calf serum-grown clones. Fetal sheep serum-to-fetal calf serum transfers resulted in significant decrease in Hb F synthesis, revealing an interaction between hemoglobin switching activity and cells at an early stage of progenitor cell development. The reduction of Hb F synthesis in fetal calf serum-to-fetal sheep serum transfers indicated that hemoglobin switching activity interacts with cells at later stages of progenitor cell development. Maximal decrease in Hb F synthesis was observed in fetal sheep serum-to-fetal sheep serum transfers, indicating that optimal effects on Hb switching are obtained when the environment that induces Hb switching is present throughout the development of progenitor cells. By splitting single early clones into two parts and transferring them to either a fetal sheep serum or a fetal calf serum environment, these interactions were further demonstrated in the progeny of a single erythroid burst-forming unit. Since all clone transfers were done on cell-free plates, the results of fetal calf serum-to-fetal sheep serum and of fetal sheep serum-to-fetal sheep serum transfers indicated that the switching activity does not require helper cells for its action. These studies show directly that (i) Hb F synthesis is controlled at the level of progenitors and (ii) it involves interactions between progenitor cells and their environment.
Insufficiency of compound immune checkpoint blockade to overcome engineered T cell exhaustion in pancreatic cancer (2022)

Abrogation of PD-1 signaling is not sufficient to overcome TCR engineered T cell dysfunction in PDA. Our study suggests that contributions by both the differentiation pathways induced during the ex vivo T cell engineering process and intratumoral suppressive mechanisms render engineered T cells dysfunctional and resistant to rescue by blockade of immune checkpoints.
A Framework for Creating Binary Rewriting Tools (Short Paper) (2014)

The design of many binary-level rewriting and instrumentation systems is based on specifying and implementing an application-programmer interface (API) to provide the necessary functionality for implementing various instrumentation tools. Users implement instrumentation tools by writing code that uses the functionality provided by the implementation of the API. This paper describes a novel approach for realizing powerful binary level instrumentation systems that is based on a simple, low-level language, called SPRI. SPRI is a simple language for specifying edits to apply to a binary. Its simplicity makes SPRI an ideal target language for binary analysis and instrumentation tools. A SPRI specification can then be applied to a binary statically or dynamically to insert the desired instrumentation. To demonstrate the advantages, flexibility, and power of this approach, the paper presents an exemplar instrumentation system that uses a software dynamic translator to apply SPRI-specified edits to a binary, along with several case studies of how the system has been used.
The Emerging Role of Gene Therapy in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases (2003)

Cardiovascular disease is the number one source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Therapies directed at a variety of cardiovascular diseases have blossomed over the last several decades. The advent of gene therapy, first as an intriguing tool, and subsequently with the early successes of gene trials involving the treatment of SCID, led to the development of gene therapy as a potentially exciting and viable therapy in cardiovascular diseases. A variety of novel vector technologies and delivery systems have been developed to more efficiently deliver the gene product to the desired organ or tissue bed. Early clinical trials focused on stimulating angiogenesis. Subsequently, a number of other aspects of cardiovascular disease have been identified as potential targets for gene therapy, including the prevention of restenosis, the prevention and treatment of thrombosis, and the prevention of transplant vasculopathy. With over forty clinical human trials either completed or currently enrolling, cardiovascular gene therapy has proven to be safe and initial results suggest its efficacy.