gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Surface Oxygenation Results in Similar Mitochondrial Protection and Maintenance of Aerobic Metabolism As Compared to Continuous Oxygenation during Hypothermic Machine Kidney Machine Perfusion (2023)

Short bubble and subsequent surface oxygenation is an innovative oxygenation technique and alternative for membrane oxygenation during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP). The metabolic effect of the interruption of surface oxygenation for 4 h (mimicking organ transport) during HMP was compared to continuous surface and membrane oxygenation in a pig kidney ex situ preservation model. After 30 min of warm ischemia by vascular clamping, a kidney of a ±40 kg pig was procured and subsequently preserved according to one of the following groups: (1) 22-h HMP + intermittent surface oxygenation (<i>n</i> = 12); (2) 22-h HMP + continuous membrane oxygenation (<i>n</i> = 6); and (3) 22-h HMP + continuous surface oxygenation (<i>n</i> = 7). Brief perfusate O<sub>2</sub> uploading before kidney perfusion was either obtained by direct bubble (groups 1, 3) or by membrane (group 2) oxygenation. Bubble oxygenation during minimum 15 min was as efficient as membrane oxygenation in achieving supraphysiological perfusate pO<sub>2</sub> levels before kidney perfusion. Metabolic tissue analysis (i.e., lactate, succinate, ATP, NADH, and FMN) during and at the end of the preservation period demonstrated similar mitochondrial protection between all study groups. Short bubble and subsequent intermittent surface oxygenation of the perfusate of an HMP-kidney might be an effective and cheap preservation strategy to protect mitochondria, eliminating the need/costs of a membrane oxygenator and oxygen source during transport.
Influence of polymorphisms in genes encoding immunoregulatory proteins and metabolizing enzymes on susceptibility and outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab (2013)

We analyzed the allelic distribution of 12 candidate polymorphisms in a large retrospective study of 486 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated at Oslo University Hospital with 1056 blood donors serving as controls. Variants in TNFα (rs1800629) (GG vs. AG/AA, p < 0.001) and LTA (rs909253) (AA vs. AG/GG, p = 0.02) and deletions in GSTM1 and GSTT1 (undeleted vs. deleted, p = 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively) were associated with increased susceptibility of developing DLBCL. IL-10 (rs1800896) variants (GG vs. AG/AA, p = 0.03) were associated with decreased susceptibility. In line with several previous reports, patients carrying the TNFα (rs1800629) A allele treated in the pre-rituximab era had inferior outcome compared to patients carrying the homozygous GG genotype (p = 0.004, n = 33). However, patients receiving at least one dose of rituximab had equal outcome regardless of their TNFα genotype (HR = 0.94, p = 0.79, n = 307). Deletion in GSTM1 was associated with inferior outcome for patients with low International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (p = 0.04). Our findings support the suggestions that polymorphisms in genes encoding immunoregulatory proteins and enzymes that metabolize carcinogens and chemotherapeutic drugs influence DLBCL susceptibility and possibly treatment outcome. The influence of polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes on outcome in DLBCL should be reevaluated in the rituximab era.
Abstract 528: Selectin-Binding Peptide Conjugate Molecule Decreases Murine Deep Vein Thrombosis Formation (2017)

Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) affects 300,000 to 600,000 people annually with a recurrence in 20-50% after 10 years. Treatment is managed through anticoagulant drugs, but side effects occur due to systemic administration. The venous endothelium is thought to perpetrate thrombosis, especially through endothelial cell surface adhesion receptors P-selectin and E-selectin. In this study, a selectin receptor-binding molecule (EC-SEAL), made with a selectin-binding peptide and dermatan sulfate backbone was used to evaluate thrombus prevention in the infrarenal vena cava (IVC) of a mouse over 24 hours using high frequency ultrasound. Purpose: P-selectin and E-selectin have exemplified a link between DVT, leukocyte accumulation and rolling, and platelet binding. Thus, the purpose was to evaluate the ability of EC-SEAL to reduce leukocyte and platelet binding, and subsequently DVT, in a mouse model by blocking the corresponding endothelial cell receptors. Methods: A surgical murine model of thrombosis was induced by IVC stenosis with non-absorbable 6-0 silk suture and a 30-gauge needle (male C57BL/6; 10.8 ± 0.2 weeks old). The stenosis led to a 90% reduction in blood flow through the vessel. Within 10 minutes of suture placement around the IVC, 100 μl of saline (n = 6), EC-SEAL (n = 4), or heparin (n = 6) were systemically injected via the tail vein. Thrombus was observed before surgery, 6 hours and 24 hours after surgery using the Vevo 2100 high frequency ultrasound (FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc.). Thrombus volume and IVC volume were analyzed using 3D ultrasound images, while thrombus weight was measured ex vivo . Results and Conclusions: Six hours after post-ligation, the mean thrombus percentage (thrombus volume/total IVC volume) was 63.1±5.3% for saline, 25.8±11.2% for EC-SEAL, and 26.1±11.4% for heparin. EC-SEAL and heparin groups had significantly lower 6-hour mean thrombus percentage (p &lt; 0.05; ANOVA with a Tukey HSD post-hoc). The 24-hour mean thrombus percentage and thrombus weight were not statistically significant. The data suggest EC-SEAL reduces thrombus at 6 hours while avoiding reduced clotting time side effects associated with heparin. Further work will be needed to determine the true potential for EC-SEAL as a DVT treatment.
Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer ( <scp>BRET</scp> ) Technologies to Study <scp>GPCRs</scp> (2022)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a major target for the development of pharmaceuticals. As such, they are subject to extensive research to understand their function, as well as how their signaling is influenced by therapeutics. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) is a biophysical technique that enables real-time monitoring of protein and small molecule proximity in live cells. BRET has seen widespread use as an important research tool to elucidate many aspects of GPCR pharmacology. Recently, multiple technological advances have furthered the scope and power of BRET techniques. New assay platforms such as NanoBRET have enabled the development of novel applications of the BRET technique, while the combination of BRET with newly developed biosensors has been shown to be a powerful research strategy. Here, we review recent BRET assay developments and their uses, demonstrating the rapidly expanding facets of GPCR pharmacology that can be studied utilizing BRET technologies. These tools will likely prove to be fundamental in furthering our understanding of GPCR function and pharmaceutical development.
Blunt Vertebral Artery Injury Leading to Cervical Fracture Diagnosis (2006)

Cothren, C Clay MD; Moore, Ernest E. MD; Zent, Rachel M. MD; Burch, Jon M. MD Author Information
Towards 3D Flexible 6G Networks: Status, Challenges and Technical Enablers (2022)

It is a key challenge and obligation for future networks to deliver high-quality wireless for enabling novel services and application to flourish for the benefit of humans on a personal level, for society as a whole, as well as for business and innovation. The dynamics, as well as the heterogeneity of the foreseen 6G system in terms of communication technologies, frequencies used, management frameworks, etc. make the need for flexibility of utmost importance. Although several steps are being made to this direction, flexible networks, capable of dynamically adapting to changes, (re)configuring themselves, exploiting highly dynamic resources in terms of availability in a three- dimensional network space is still a challenge from different perspectives. This paper identifies the key challenges, technical enablers, as well as current efforts towards the realization of the 3D, flexible 6G “network of networks” concept.
Stable inertial cavitation with a confocal ultrasonic device for drug release from nongaseous sonosensitive liposomes (2012)

Encapsulating chemotherapeutic agents in liposomes improves targeting and efficacy of treatments against some tumors. The present work aims at evaluating if sonosensitive liposomes combined with cavitation for drug delivery enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Two focused beams were combined for stabilizing the cavitation cloud and an imaging probe used for guidance. Each 1MHz focused transducer had a 5cm diameter and focal length. Exposure conditions were 10.8kW/cm2 Isppa, 250Hz PRF and 1% duty cycle. Phosphatidylcholine-based nongaseous liposomes were loaded with Doxorubicin. To control for mechanical tissue damage, AT2 Dunning tumors on rats were first exposed to ultrasound only. Treatment induced temperature rose below 0.5° C. The tumor growth was not significantly slowed down by ultrasound, but histological examination of tumors evidenced large areas of necrosis which resorbed one week after ultrasound. The new liposomes were compared with conventional HSPC-based liposomes in terms of efficacy and toxicity on the same tumor model. Ultrasound led to equivalent efficacy when applied on HSPC-based liposomes, while the new liposomes were efficient only with concomitant cavitation. We present a confocal ultrasound set-up able to provide sufficient inertial cavitation for drug release from a nongaseous liposome with reduced systemic toxicity. Eureka-labelled project (E!4056) funded by NRC, FFN and OSEO.
Defining the Mechanism of Erythropoietin's Vasoactive Properties in Resistance Arteries (2016)

Clinically, erythropoietin (EPO) is known to increase systemic vascular resistance, however, in cell culture, EPO has been reported to increase activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). How EPO can activate eNOS, while causing vasoconstriction, is likely due to EPO's ability to activate multiple receptors, the homodimeric EPO receptor (EPOR 2 ) and the heterodimeric EPOR/beta common receptor (βCR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of each receptor in endothelial‐dependent vasodilation. We hypothesized that the vasoconstrictive effects seen with EPO administration are mediated through the EPOR 2 . To study the effects of each receptor, we utilized EPO and the EPO peptide (EPOp), which solely acts on the heterodimeric EPOR/βCR. Adult 16‐week old male C57BL/6 mice were euthanized and first order mesenteric arteries were isolated for in vitro study. Endothelium‐dependent (acetylcholine) and ‐independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilator responses were evaluated with and without an acute EPO (50 mIU/mL) or EPOp (25 ng/mL) pretreatment. We found that acetylcholine, endothelium‐dependent, vasodilation was impaired in arteries pretreated with both EPO and EPOp as compared to controls. However, while the EPOp vasodilation was impaired by 60%, EPO pretreatment totally inhibited acetylcholine‐induced vasodilation. Importantly EPO, EPOp and control treated arteries were all able to vasodilate equally in response to sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium‐independent vasodilator. These findings suggest that acute activation of the homodimeric EPOR 2 or the heterodimeric EPOR/βCR can both lead to an endothelial specific impairment of vasodilator function in resistance arteries. We will discuss the putative mechanism of these effects along with the physiologic significance.
Fe-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Producing High-Grade Bio-Oil (2017)

Although bio-oils produced by pyrolysis and hydrothermal synthesis demonstrate potential toward building a sustainable society, large amounts of char generated as a byproduct and their thermal instability owing to high oxygen content hinder their applications. Hence, a novel approach for the production of high-grade bio-oil was proposed herein. In this approach, zerovalent Fe was used as an agent for generating hydrogen in situ in the hydrothermal liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), a lignocellulosic biomass source, affording bio-oil containing water-soluble (WS) and water-insoluble (WI) fractions in high yields. Hydrogen generated by the reaction between Fe and H2O efficiently converted unstable intermediates obtained from the degradation of EFB into stable compounds, resulting in reduced char formation. Hydroxyketones were detected as components characteristic of the WS fraction in the H2O/EFB/Fe system, which were stable under hydrothermal condition. WS fractions were treated with the HZSM-5 zeolite, affording light olefins (C2–C4), as well as benzene, toluene, and xylene. This conversion was more efficient with the WS fraction obtained in the presence of Fe. The liquefaction of EFB and the conversion of WS fractions into olefins via catalytic cracking were also achieved using recycled Fe.
Fractionated Electrograms From a Computer Model of Heterogeneously Uncoupled Anisotropic Ventricular Myocardium (1995)

These findings confirm our hypothesis that the spatial variation of morphology of electrograms recorded simultaneously from multiple sites increases with increasing heterogeneity of intercellular coupling.
Inside Cover: A Synthetic Analogue of Rieske‐Type [2Fe‐2S] Clusters (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49/2008) (2008)

Iron–sulfur proteins of the Rieske type contain a redox-active [2Fe-2S] site that can be described as a variant of the related ferredoxins, but with unsymmetrical Cys2His2 coordination. This unusual Fe/S cluster could now be emulated in a synthetic model for the first time, using relatively simple ligands. In their Communication on page 9537 ff., F. Meyer and co-workers report the successful synthesis as well as the spectroscopic and structural characterization of the biomimetic analogue, which was also analyzed by DFT calculations.
Ensuring the Performance of Apache HTTP Server Affected by Aging (2013)

Failures due to software aging are typically caused by resource exhaustion, which is often preceded by progressive software performance degradation. Response time as a customer-affecting metric can thus be used to detect the onset of software aging. In this paper, we propose the distribution-based rejuvenation algorithm (DBRA), which uses a validated M/E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /1/K queuing model of the Apache HTTP server to decide when to trigger rejuvenation. We compare the performance of the DBRA with the one of the static rejuvenation algorithm with averaging (SRAA) presented by Avritzer et al. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the DBRA and its advantages over the SRAA in reducing the average response time. However, the DBRA generally tends to trigger rejuvenation more frequently than the SRAA, which increases the request blocking probability.
Sub-micron pore size tailoring for efficient chiral discrimination (2016)

Adsorption studies in microporous organically pillared layered silicates (MOPS) show that precise control of micropore size in the sub-Ångström range is crucial for chiral discrimination. The highly modular character of MOPS generally allows for an optimization of guest recognition without the need to explore different framework topologies.
Velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV) enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Gaucher disease: Long‐term data from phase III clinical trials (2015)

Type 1 Gaucher disease is an inherited lysosomal enzyme deficiency with variable age of symptom onset. Common presenting signs include thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, bone abnormalities, and, additionally in children, growth failure. Fifty-seven patients aged 3-62 years at the baseline of two phase III trials for velaglucerase alfa treatment were enrolled in the single extension study. In the extension, they received every-other-week velaglucerase alfa intravenous infusions for 1.2-4.8 years at 60 U/kg, although 10 patients experienced dose reduction. No patient experienced a drug-related serious adverse event or withdrew due to an adverse event. One patient died following a convulsion that was reported as unrelated to the study drug. Only one patient tested positive for anti-velaglucerase alfa antibodies. Combining the experience of the initial phase III trials and the extension study, significant improvements were observed in the first 24 months from baseline in hematology variables, organ volumes, plasma biomarkers, and, in adults, the lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-score. Improvements were maintained over longer-term treatment. Velaglucerase alfa had a good long-term safety and tolerability profile, and patients continued to respond clinically, which is consistent with the results of the extension study to the phase I/II trial of velaglucerase alfa. EudraCT number 2008-001965-27; www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00635427.
Design, synthesis and antiHIV activity of novel isatine-sulphonamides (2008)

A series of novel isatine-sulphonamide derivatives have been synthesized by combining isatin derivatives with sulphonamides. The structure of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis (IR, NMR and Mass). Investigation of anti-HIV activity was done against HIV-1(IIIB) in MT-4 cells and HIV integrase inhibitory activity. 4-(1-acetyl-5-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylideneamino)-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (SPIII-5ME-AC) inhibits the HIV Integrase enzymatic activity as both over all and strand transfer reaction and 4-(1-benzoyl-5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylideneamino)-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzene sulfonamide (SPIII-5Cl-BZ) exhibits 36 percent maximum protection against HIV-1 at sub toxic concentration.
Novel Optical Pulse-Rate Multiplier in GaAs Using Height-Tapered 1×4 Splitters (1996)

Short-pulse generation at extremely high repetition rates using semiconductor laser sources is an important capability for lightwave telecommunications. The most obvious approach uses direct modulation of the laser injection current. This approach is however limited by the frequency response of most lasers to a repetition rate of 20 GHz. Another approach to producing higher repetition rates, eg. 100 GHz, is to combine a high-repetition-rate semiconductor pulse laser with an optical pulse-rate multiplier which externally multiplies the laser repetition rate [1]. The pulse-rate multiplier described in this work (Fig.1) demultiplexes the laser's output pulse into an array of waveguides of uniformly-incremented length to introduce a desired differential time delay and then recombines the delayed pulses at a second splitter. The time delay is determined by the differential length between delay-line waveguides as well as their effective indices. The ability to fabricate waveguides to submicron accuracy ensures the time delay between the pulses is uniform within a fraction of a picosecond. A waveguide pulse-rate multiplier can also serve as the basis of a programmable packet encoder if a suitable electro-optical modulator is integrated with each delay-line waveguide.
Safety of mung bean protein as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 (2021)

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on mung bean protein as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF, which is the subject of the application, is mung bean protein extracted from seeds of the plant <i>Vigna radiata</i>. The NF is proposed to be used as a food ingredient added to 'protein products, excluding products covered in category 1.8'. The target population is the general population. The maximum estimated intake of the NF is 758 and 260 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day in children and adults, respectively. The major constituents of this NF are protein (~85%), fat (3-4%) and moisture (3-5.5%). The NF is rich in protein which is well digestible and provides sufficient amounts of most essential amino acids but only limited amounts of sulfur-containing amino acids. The Panel notes that the cumulative exposure to the minerals analysed does not raise concern. The reported values for the levels of antinutritional factors in the NF are comparable to those in other foodstuffs. The Panel considers that taking into account the composition of the NF and the proposed conditions of use, consumption of the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous. No toxicological studies with the NFs were provided by the applicant; however, the Panel considers that no toxicological studies are required on this NF. This NF has the potential capacity to sensitise individuals and to induce allergic reactions in individuals allergic to soybean, peanuts, lupin and to birch pollen. The Panel considers that the NF, i.e. mung bean protein, is safe at the proposed conditions of use.
Analysis of Deflection and Contact Characteristics of a Pneumatic Tire Using Three-Dimensional Membrane Ring and Brush Models (2020)

&lt;div&gt;This study predicts the dynamic characteristics for tires in the development stages of a vehicle with a focus on the generated forces. In particular, this investigation proposes an approximation analysis for the deflection and contact characteristics of a pneumatic tire. This consists of an integrated model for a three-dimensional membrane ring and brush models. This model is more complex than conventional models, which resulted in increased computational costs. Because the tire dynamic characteristics affects the contact pressure, the deformation of the tread rubber caused an interaction of forces. Therefore, the tread ring deformation was defined as a summation of the mode basis functions, which expressed vibrational behavior. This approximation linearizes the energy function, which helped calculate the potential energy of the tire structure using a theoretical equation without discretization. The comparative results between the experimental and analytical data are related to the tire contact characteristics. This shows that the proposed approximation is simple, comprehensive, and accurate.&lt;/div&gt;
The Prevalence of the Arcuate Artery (2001)

The purpose of this study was to quantify the occurrence of the arcuate artery. The arcuate artery was defined as that artery branching off the dorsalis pedis artery at or below the level of the tarsometatarsal joint, tending laterally across the bases of metatarsals 2 through 4, and supplying dorsal metatarsal arteries 2 through 4. The arcuate artery was present in 16.7% of 72 cadaver feet that were dissected and examined, suggesting that the arcuate artery is not the primary blood supply to dorsal metatarsal arteries 2 through 4 as is commonly described. It was determined that the lateral tarsal artery supplied dorsal metatarsal arteries 2 through 4 more frequently (47.2%) than the arcuate artery. The proximal perforating arteries as well as various combinations of all three sources were also found to contribute complete blood supply to dorsal metatarsal arteries 2 through 4. Therefore, a consistent dorsal arterial network, which differentiates throughout development, better explains the blood supply of the dorsal forefoot than the arcuate artery.