gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Properties and Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences of a Thermostable β-Agarase from the Novel Marine Isolate, JAMB-A94 (2004)

A gene, agaA, for a novel beta-agarase from the marine bacterium JAMB-A94 was cloned and sequenced. The 16S rDNA of the isolate had the closest match, of only 94.8% homology, with that from Microbulbifer salipaludis JCM11542(T). The agaA gene encoded a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 48,203 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 37-66% identity to those of known agarases in glycoside hydrolase family 16. A carbohydrate-binding module-like amino acid sequence was found in the C-terminal region. The recombinant enzyme was hyper-produced extracellularly when Bacillus subtilis was used as a host. The purified enzyme was an endo-type beta-agarase, yielding neoagarotetraose as the main final product. It was very thermostable up to 60 degrees C. The optimal pH and temperature for activity were around 7.0 and 55 degrees C respectively. The activity was not inhibited by EDTA (up to 100 mM) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (up to 30 mM).
Adhesive Properties of Silicone-Coated Release Liner Paper Enhanced by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Pre- and Post-Treatment (2020)

For release-liner preparation, coating stabilization of the silicone layer on base paper often requires pre- and post-treatment. In this study, we used atmospheric pressure diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge in roll-to-roll configuration. The results of prepared coating showed that the A4 size clay-coated paper sprayed with silicone oil (0.25–0.50 mL) gradually decreased the tape peeling force (180°) with prolonged and repeated air plasma post-treatment. Best results showing increased hydrophobicity and significantly enhanced release factor of the coating were obtained after the plasma treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere. The silicone coating on the clay-coated paper reduced the reference release force from 5.5 N/cm to less than 1.5 N/cm after the repeated silicone spraying and short nitrogen plasma post-treatment. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicate silicone curing by plasma post-treatment and pore-closing of base paper without changes of the bulk material. The aging test lasting 3 months revealed the stability of the prepared coating.
Characterization and Photocatalytic Performance of Potassium-Doped Titanium Oxide Nanostructures Prepared via Wet Corrosion of Titanium Microspheres (2018)

Potassium doped titanium oxide (KTiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) nanowires were prepared by the wet corrosion process (WCP) and their photocatalytic effects were systematically characterized. For the synthesis of KTiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>, the potassium hydroxide concentration of the WCP was varied in order to obtain nanostructures with different surface area and surface charge. Structural and crystalline properties of KTiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Chemical composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Photocatalytic performance was investigated as a function of the surface area, pH, and crystalline structures by studying the degradation of methylene blue, cardiogreen, and azorubine red dyes upon UV irradiation. The negatively charged crystalline KTiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanostructures with high surface area showed significantly higher photocatalytic degradation compared to their TiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> counterpart. They also showed high efficiency for recovery and re-use. Annealing KTiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanostructures improved structural properties leading to well-ordered layered structures and improved photocatalysis. However, annealing at temperatures higher than 600 °C yielded formation of rutile grains at the surface of nanowires, significantly affecting the photocatalytic performance. We believe that KTiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanostructures produced by WCP are very promising for photocatalysis, especially due to their high photocatalytic efficiency as well as their potential for re-use and durability.
Learning Syntactic Verb Frames using Graphical Models (2012)

We present a novel approach for building verb subcategorization lexicons using a simple graphical model. In contrast to previous methods, we show how the model can be trained without parsed input or a predefined subcategorization frame inventory. Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art on a verb clustering task, and is easily trained on arbitrary domains. This quantitative evaluation is complemented by a qualitative discussion of verbs and their frames. We discuss the advantages of graphical models for this task, in particular the ease of integrating semantic information about verbs and arguments in a principled fashion. We conclude with future work to augment the approach.
A 4.6K to 400K Functional PVT-Robust Ringamp-Based 250MS/s 12b Pipelined ADC with Pole-Aware Bias Calibration (2023)

Ring amplifiers (ringamps) have been shown to improve pipelined ADC performance by relaxing the traditional bottleneck imposed by power-hungry class-A residue amplifiers $[1,2]$. However, the operation of several high-performance ringamp structures is heavily dependent on device parameters and supply voltage, and thus, often sensitive to PVT variation. This creates challenges for applications in extreme environments, such as cryogenic quantum computing, space, and automotive. To overcome this issue, this work introduces a PVT-robust ringamp with pole-aware bias calibration and a biasenhancement technique. Furthermore, to deal with insufficient gain in advanced CMOS, we also propose a cascode Correlated Level Shifting (cascode-CLS) technique. These three techniques enable a prototype 12b 250MS/s pipelined ADC that achieves SNDR higher than $55 \mathrm{~dB}$ across $4.6 \mathrm{~K}$ to $400 \mathrm{~K}$ operating temperature range without requiring gain calibration. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first pipelined ADC reported to operate at less than $40 \mathrm{~K}$.
How can Cloud Users be Supported in Deciding on, Tracking and Controlling How their Data are Used? (2014)

Transparency is a basic privacy principle and factor of social trust. However, the processing of personal data along a cloud chain is often rather intransparent to the data subjects concerned. Transparency Enhancing Tools (TETs) can help users in deciding on, tracking and controlling their data in the cloud. However, TETs for enhancing privacy also have to be designed to be both privacy-preserving and usable. In this paper, we provide requirements for usable TETs for the cloud. The requirements presented in this paper were derived in two ways; at a stakeholder workshop and through a legal analysis. Here we discuss design principles for usable privacy policies and give examples of TETs which enable end users to track their personal data. We are developing them using both privacy and usability as design criteria.
Tight junctions between the axon and Schwann cell during PNS regeneration (1996)

We report here that during PNS regeneration, short focal tight junctions are present at the interface of regenerating axons and Schwann cells in the distal part of the transected nerve. When regrowing axons were seen in the distal segment, focal fusions of axonal and Schwann cell membranes were observed on electron microscopy. Freeze-fracture study showed short arrays of intramembrane particles in the contacting membrane of axons and Schwann cells. Immunohistochemical study revealed the localization of ZO-1 tight junction associated protein at discrete sites of axon-Schwann cell contact. These results suggest that mechanical links of the axon and Schwann cell by means of short tight junctions are involved in axon-Schwann cell contact events during PNS regeneration.
Recalcitrant Nonunion of the Distal Humerus (2005)

Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series--no, or historical, control group). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINDUCED DEOXYGENATION OF PEROXOTITANIUM(IV) PORPHYRINS (1980)

Abstract Die Photolyse der Titelverbindungen (I) in Benzol liefert neben Sauerstoff nahezu quantitativ die entsprechenden Oxotitan(IV)‐Produkte (II).
Chemical Nanotherapy: Nitroxyl radical-containing Nanoparticle Protects Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells From Aβ-induced Oxidative Stress (2011)

Background: Excessive accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) has been proposed as a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Possible mechanisms underlying Aβ-induced neuronal cytotoxicity include excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. We have designed novel nanoparticles, nitroxyl radical-containing nanoparticles (RNPs), which possess nitroxyl radical in the core and chemically scavenges ROS. This study aimed to determine the potential neuroprotective role of RNPs on Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Method: SH-SY5Y cells were preincubated with 0.1–1 mM RNP for 24 h and then incubated with 20 µM Aβ1–42 for 48 h. In every group, cell viability, apoptotic rate, ROS levels including superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals, ROS production including lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA oxidation were measured. Results: SH-SY5Y cells preincubated with 0.1–2 mM RNP for 24 h were protected from Aβ-induced damage. SH-SY5Y cells preincubated with more than 2 mM RNP for 24 h showed cytotoxicity. From the quantitative analyses, it was observed that RNPs reduced intracellular oxidative stress. RNP treatment significantly reduced the amount of oxidized lipids, proteins and DNA. It also reduced DNA fragmentations, which caused lower apoptosis levels. Conclusion: RNPs are promising intracellular ROS scavengers.
Design Considerations for 1.06-&lt;tex&gt;$mu$&lt;/tex&gt;m InGaAsP–InP Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes (2006)

For Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, the two most important performance metrics for most applications are dark count rate (DCR) and photon detection efficiency (PDE). In 1.06-mum separate-absorber-avalanche (multiplier) InP-based devices, the primary sources of dark counts are tunneling through defect levels in the InP avalanche region and thermal generation in the InGaAsP absorber region. PDE is the probability that a photon will be absorbed (quantum efficiency) times the probability that the electron-hole pair generated will actually cause an avalanche. A device model based on experimental data that can simultaneously predict DCR and PDE as a function of overbias and temperature is presented. This model has been found useful in predicting changes in performance as various device parameters, such as avalanche layer thickness, are modified. This has led to designs that are capable simultaneously of low DCR and high PDE
Interferometric characterization of 160 fs far-infrared light pulses (1991)

We report the first interferometric characterization of freely propagating, subpicosecond, far-infrared (FIR) light pulses. FIR light was generated via short pulse photoexcitation of a semi-insulating InP wafer. The half width of the intensity interferogram was 230 fs. The FIR light contained frequency components from 3 to 150 cm−1.
The Soft Inverted Pendulum with Affine Curvature (2020)

We introduce here a novel under-actuated mechanical system motivated by recent advances in soft robotics. We derive its governing equations, discuss its properties, and consider a solution for the stabilization of its unstable equilibrium. The results we propose here are intended as a first step towards dealing with the much more challenging general problem of controlling full fledged soft robots subject to non negligible external forces and operating at high accelerations.
P2–163: CSF beta–Amyloid1–42 peptide and total tau protein as predictors of Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment (2006)

Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at high risk of developing clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). We asked to what extent the core biomarker candidates CSF beta–Amyloid1–42 (Abeta1–42) and CSF total tau protein (tau) concentrations predict conversion from MCI to AD. We studied patients with MCI (N=52), AD patients (N=93), and healthy controls (HC, N=10). The MCI group was composed of 29 patients who had converted to AD during follow–up, and of 23 patients who showed no cognitive decline. CSF Abeta1–42 and tau protein levels were assessed at baseline in all subjects using enzyme–linked immunosorbent assays. For assessment of sensitivity and specificity, we used independently established reference values for CSF Abeta1–42 and CSF tau. Levels of CSF tau were increased, whereas levels of Abeta1–42 were decreased in MCI subjects. Abeta1–42 predicted AD in converted MCI with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 100% compared to HC. Tau yielded a greater sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 90%. In a multiple Cox regression analysis within the MCI group, low baseline levels of Abeta1–42, but not other predictor variables (tau protein, gender, age, apolipoprotein E e4 carrier status, MMSE score, observation time, antidementia therapy) correlated with conversion status (p < 0.05). Our findings support the notion that CSF tau and Abeta1–42 may be useful biomarkers in the early identification of AD in MCI subjects.
Synthesis of new dihydropyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole derivatives and their biological properties (2014)

We report a new approach to the synthesis of new dihydropyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazoles applying allenyl synthon and then diverse substitution of the heterocyclic core and subsequent biological evaluation of these derivatives influence upon cancer cells.
Chapter 2 Nanoporous Carbon for Capacitive Energy Storage (2017)

As an extension of traditional “parallel-plate” capacitors, Electrochemical Capacitors (ECs) hold a transformative role in the area of energy storage. Whereas traditional capacitors operate by storing charges on two polarized plates, separated by a dielectric material, ECs operate on the formation of Electrical Double Layer (EDL) at each electrode surface, connected in series. The formation of EDLs allows for much greater amounts of energy to be stored. Of course, such improvements are only made possible through the use of the suitable electrode materials, which must display a high electrical conductivity, along with a high microporosity and the right amount of surface functional groups. Moreover, these materials must also be cost effective—which explains why this chapter focuses exclusively on carbon-based materials. Herein, we will first focus on theoretical principles by discussing the fundamental physical properties of capacitor materials, along with structure-property relationships of carbon materials and their electrochemical performance in ECs. The chapter will then introduce several synthetic techniques as well as the use of graphene in ECs. Lastly, the chapter will conclude with a discussion on pseudocapacitance and the effect of heteroatom doping in carbon in electrochemical performance. This work is intended to give interested audiences an introduction and a starting point towards the synthesis and use of carbon materials for use in ECs.
Successful Application of Seawater-Based Clean Fracturing Fluid (2016)

Abstract Seawater-based fracturing fluids are favorable in offshore locations because of the readily available seawater. This minimizes or even eliminates costly vessel trips that are necessary to transport fresh water to rig sites, while also reducing rig downtime. This paper presents the development of a low-residue fracturing fluid that uses seawater as a base fluid and the results of successful field applications. This seawater-based fluid uses a low-residue polymer crosslinked with zirconium having a pH of less than 10 to minimize damage and residue encountered using other fluids. The fluid was tested for rheological properties, proppant-carrying capacity, retained permeability, and compatibility with formation fluid. To improve timing and efficiency of operations, multistage fracturing completion was used wherein each fracture sleeve was opened by dissolvable balls. Two sidetrack wells were treated in the offshore Romanian Lebada fields. Well A comprised high sandstone content. Well B comprised a higher limestone content but contained too much clay and sandstone for an acid fracturing treatment. Both wells exhibited a moderate-to-high number of natural fractures. Because of moderate permeabilities in the range of 0.1 to 2 md, crosslinked fluid was used in the pad and subsequent proppant-laden stages. The seawater-based fracturing fluid was not expected to generate damaging effects on reservoir productivity. During development, the fluid remained stable for approximately 1 hour at 325°F with a gel loading of 6 kg/m3. The thermal stability of the fluid system was improved when compared to the alternative hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) fluid. A delayed crosslinker was used to maintain low-friction pressure during the treatment. No scale formation was observed. The target reservoir temperature was 199°F. Additional testing optimized gel loading at 3.6 kg/m3. The fluid suspended the proppant for approximately 2 hours. Less than 1% residue was formed after fluid breakdown, which was much lower than the residue generated by the HPG fluid. A regained permeability of 92% was obtained from a sandstone core, which demonstrates the low-damaging nature of the fluid. The broken fluid was fully compatible with crude oil and completion brine. Eleven hydraulic fracturing operations were designed and executed successfully in both horizontal sidetrack wells. A 16/20-mesh resin-coated proppant (RCP) was used at a maximum concentration of 720 kg/m3 in the tail stage. A total of 851 tonnes of proppant was pumped in 3156-m3 crosslinked fluid. The seawater-based fluid properties present an innovative approach to address the water requirement issue for offshore stimulation operations. This fluid is an excellent candidate for fracturing operations and can help operators maintain low costs per barrel of oil equivalent (BOE).
PulmoBind Imaging Measures Reduction of Vascular Adrenomedullin Receptor Activity with Lack of effect of Sildenafil in Pulmonary Hypertension (2019)

Endothelial dysfunction is a core pathophysiologic process in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We developed PulmoBind (PB), a novel imaging biomarker of the pulmonary vascular endothelium. <sup>99m</sup>Technetium (<sup>99m</sup>Tc)-labelled PB binds to adrenomedullin receptors (AM<sub>1</sub>) densely expressed in the endothelium of alveolar capillaries. We evaluated the effect of sildenafil on AM<sub>1</sub> receptors activity using <sup>99m</sup>Tc-PB. PAH was induced in rats using the Sugen/hypoxia model and after 3 weeks, animals were allocated to sildenafil (25 or 100 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. <sup>99m</sup>Tc-PB uptake kinetics was assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography. PAH caused right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy that was decreased by low and high sildenafil doses. Sildenafil low and high dose also improved RV function measured from the tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion. Mean integrated pulmonary uptake of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-PB was reduced in PAH (508% · min ± 37, p < 0.05) compared to controls (630% · min ± 30), but unchanged by sildenafil at low and high doses. Lung tissue expressions of the AM<sub>1</sub> receptor components were reduced in PAH and also unaffected by sildenafil. In experimental angio-proliferative PAH, sildenafil improves RV dysfunction and remodeling, but does not modify pulmonary vascular endothelium dysfunction assessed by the adrenomedullin receptor ligand <sup>99m</sup>Tc-PB.
Design of a Patterned Diamond Substrate for Ordered Neural Cell Adhesion (2015)

Diamond has recently attracted lots of interest as a potential candidate for neural interface due to many of its advantages such as biocompatibility, superior hardness and chemical inertness. Here we present a method for designing and fabricating a diamond platform for ordered neural cell adhesion. Microcontact printing was used for selective nanodiamond seeding and chemical vapor deposition was conducted subsequently to form diamond patterns. We compared different printing methods and precise microsized patterns were finally fabricated for the formation of ordered neural cell network.
Subversion of Lipopolysaccharide Signaling in Gingival Keratinocytes via MCPIP-1 Degradation as a Novel Pathogenic Strategy of Inflammophilic Pathobionts (2021)

Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth that develops in response to formation of a dysbiotic biofilm on the subgingival tooth surface. Although exacerbated inflammation leads to alveolar bone destruction and may cause tooth loss, the molecular basis of PD initiation and progression remains elusive. Control over the inflammatory reaction and return to homeostasis can be efficiently restored by negative regulators of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP-1), which is constitutively expressed in gingival keratinocytes and prevents hyperresponsiveness in the gingiva. Here, we found that inflammophilic periodontal species influence the stability of MCPIP-1, leading to an aggravated response of the epithelium to proinflammatory stimulation. Among enzymes secreted by periodontal species, gingipains-cysteine proteases from Porphyromonas gingivalis-are considered major contributors to the pathogenic potential of bacteria, strongly influencing the components of the innate and adaptive immune system. Gingipain proteolytic activity leads to a rapid degradation of MCPIP-1, exacerbating the inflammatory response induced by endotoxin. Collectively, these results establish a novel mechanism of corruption of inflammatory signaling by periodontal pathogens, indicating new possibilities for treatment of this chronic disease. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease caused by accumulation of a bacterial biofilm. Periodontal pathogens use a number of virulence strategies that are under intensive study to find optimal therapeutic approaches against bone loss. In our work, we present a novel mechanism utilized by the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, based on the selective degradation of the negative regulator of inflammation, MCPIP-1. We found that the diminished levels of MCPIP-1 in gingival keratinocytes-cells at the forefront of the fight against bacteria-cause sensitization to endotoxins produced by other oral species. This results in an enhanced inflammatory response, which promotes the growth of inflammophilic pathobionts and damage of tooth-supporting tissues. Our observation is relevant to understanding the molecular basis of periodontitis and the development of new methods for treatment.
Constraint based Knowledge Base Distillation in End-to-End Task Oriented Dialogs (2021)

End-to-End task-oriented dialogue systems generate responses based on dialog history and an accompanying knowledge base (KB). Inferring those KB entities that are most relevant for an utterance is crucial for response generation. Existing state of the art scales to large KBs by softly filtering over irrelevant KB information. In this paper, we propose a novel filtering technique that consists of (1) a pairwise similarity based filter that identifies relevant information by respecting the n-ary structure in a KB record. and, (2) an auxiliary loss that helps in separating contextually unrelated KB information. We also propose a new metric -- multiset entity F1 which fixes a correctness issue in the existing entity F1 metric. Experimental results on three publicly available task-oriented dialog datasets show that our proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art models.