gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of NO<sub>3</sub>interception of the parasitic angiosperm<i>Orobanche</i>spp. using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and<sup>13</sup>NO<sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub>: A new method for the visualization and quantitative analysis of the NO<sub>3</sub>interception ratio (2008)

Abstract The root parasitic plants Orobanche spp. (broomrapes) seriously affect agricultural production. A visualization and quantitative analytical method for the interception of nutrients was established using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and 13NO− 3. By using this analytical method that involves volume normalization with 18F− images, the nitrogen nutrient interception ratio of the Orobanche spp. was calculated to be 73.6 ± 3.9% in a host–parasite system of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.).
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors of Glycinamide Ribonucleotide Formyltransferase as Potential Cytotoxic Agents. Synthesis of 5‐Deaza‐5,6,7,8‐ tetrahydrohomofolic Acid, 5‐Deaza‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroisohomofolic Acid, and 10‐Formyl‐5‐deaza‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroisohomofolic Acid. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
&lt;title&gt;Application Of Digital Image Processing In Computer Aided Art.&lt;/title&gt; (1983)

Digital Image Processing offers the possibility to realize novel special effects in Computer Aided Art. In this paper image processing methods are described to alter static scenes or to realize image transitions in animation. Transformations include conversion to dot patterns, line patterns and various enhancement and resolution effects. Examples are the production of a standart Dutch post stamp, contributions to an experimental television program presented by the Dutch broadcasting corporation and some poster designs.
Long-term metabolic benefits of exenatide in mice are mediated solely via the known glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (2014)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors (GLP-1R) are expressed in multiple tissues and activation results in metabolic benefits including enhanced insulin secretion, slowed gastric emptying, suppressed food intake, and improved hepatic steatosis. Limited and inconclusive knowledge exists regarding whether the effects of chronic exposure to a GLP-1R agonist are solely mediated via this receptor. Therefore, we examined 3-mo dosing of exenatide in mice lacking a functional GLP-1R (Glp1r(-/-)). Exenatide (30 nmol · kg(-1) · day(-1)) was infused subcutaneously for 12 wk in Glp1r(-/-) and wild-type (Glp1r(+/+)) control mice fed a high-fat diet. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma glucose, insulin, amylase, lipase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), body weight, food intake, terminal hepatic lipid content (HLC), and plasma exenatide levels were measured. At the end of the study, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and rate of gastric emptying were assessed. Exenatide produced no significant changes in Glp1r(-/-) mice at study end. In contrast, exenatide decreased body weight, food intake, and glucose in Glp1r(+/+) mice. When compared with vehicle, exenatide reduced insulin, OGTT glucose AUC0-2h, ALT, and HLC in Glp1r(+/+) mice. Exenatide had no effect on plasma amylase or lipase levels. Exenatide concentrations were approximately eightfold higher in Glp1r(-/-) versus Glp1r(+/+) mice after 12 wk of infusion, whereas renal function was similar. These data support the concept that exenatide requires a functional GLP-1R to exert chronic metabolic effects in mice, and that novel "GLP-1" receptors may not substantially contribute to these changes. Differential exenatide plasma levels in Glp1r(+/+) versus Glp1r(-/-) mice suggest that GLP-1R may play an important role in plasma clearance of exenatide and potentially other GLP-1-related peptides.
SiC and III-Nitride Growth in Hot-Wall CVD Reactor (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Supplementary Video 2 from Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Disrupts Tumor-Associated Vasculature in Humans (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Video 2 MPG file - 1158K, 3-dimensional tumor model of 10 cm HCC tumor depicted in Fig. 4b (baseline; 5 days post JX-594 treatment). Beige = perfused; green = hypoperfused; red = necrotic&lt;/p&gt;
Allenes and Transition Metals: A Diverging Approach to Heterocycles (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evaluation of Pilot-Scale Pulse-Corona-Induced Plasma Device to Remove NOx from Combustion Exhausts from a Subscale Combustor and from a Hush House at Nellis AFB, Nevada (1997)

Abstract : Jet engine test cells (JETCs) are used to test-fire new, installed, and reworked jet engines. Because JETCs have been classified as stationary sources of pollutant emissions, they are subject to possible regulation under Title I of the Clean Air Act (CAA) as amended in 1990. In Phase I of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, a novel NOx-control approach utilizing pulsed-corona-induced plasma successfully showed 90% removal of NOx in the laboratory. The objective of Phase II was to reproduce the laboratory-scale results in a pilot-scale system. The technology was successfully demonstrated at pilot scale in the field, on a slipstream of JETC flue gas at Nellis Air Force Base. Based on the field data, cost projections were made for a system to treat the full JETC exhaust. The technology efficiently converted NO into ONO, and a wet scrubber was required to achieve the treatment goal of 50-percent removal and destruction of NOx. The plasma simultaneously removes hydrocarbons from the flue gas stream. This project demonstrated that pulse-corona-induced plasma technology is scalable to practical industrial dimensions.
Cholestano-Fused Electron Donors and Acceptors (1997)

The synthesis of the cholestano-fused tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) 3 and cyanoethyl- protected cholestano TTF 4 is described. Compound 4 was deprotected under basic conditions and then treated with 2-bromoethanol or 1,2-dibromoethane to give the corresponding cholestano (hydroxyethyl)thio TTF 18 and the cholestano ethylenedithio TTF 19, respectively. The synthesis of the electron acceptors, cholestanonaphthoquinone 20 and the corresponding dicyanonaphthoquinodiimine 5 is likewise reported.
Efficient resource allocation scheme for OFDMA-based relaying systems (2009)

Relay-assisted communication can improve the quality of service (QoS) of users located at the cell boundary or the shadowed area. In this paper, we investigate the efficient resource allocation scheme for the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based relaying systems. To maximize system performance, the proposed scheme exploits the spatial reuse in the frequency selective fading channel, by allocating a subchannel to multiple transmissions simultaneously. Performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulation. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can increase the cell throughput while reducing the outage probability of users.
Probabilistic Program Abstractions (2017)

Abstraction is a fundamental tool for reasoning about complex systems. Program abstraction has been utilized to great effect for analyzing deterministic programs. At the heart of program abstraction is the relationship between a concrete program, which is difficult to analyze, and an abstract program, which is more tractable. Program abstractions, however, are typically not probabilistic. We generalize non-deterministic program abstractions to probabilistic program abstractions by explicitly quantifying the non-deterministic choices. Our framework upgrades key definitions and properties of abstractions to the probabilistic context. We also discuss preliminary ideas for performing inference on probabilistic abstractions and general probabilistic programs.
Printed and encapsulated environmental sensors on biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) (2014)

We are dedicating efforts on the realization of smart packaging systems integrating environmental sensing capabilities based on plastic and printed electronics technologies. Here, we present the development, fabrication and characterization of printed gas sensors on flexible substrates (i.e. PET, PLA, paper...) used in the packaging of goods. We envision their direct integration into cost-effective printed smart sensing RFID labels.
On the Nature of Discrete Space-Time: Part 1: The distance formula, relativistic time dilation and length contraction in discrete space-time (2018)

In this work, the relativistic phenomena of Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction and time dilation are derived using a modified distance formula that is appropriate for discrete space.  This new distance formula is different than the Pythagorean theorem but converges to it for distances large relative to the Planck length.  First, four candidate formulas developed by different people over the last 70 years will be discussed.  Three of the formulas are shown to be identical for conditions that best describe discrete space.  It is shown that this new distance formula is valid for all size-scales - from the Planck length upwards - and solves two major problems historically associated with the discrete space-time (DST) model. One problem it solves is the widely believed anisotropic nature of most discrete space models.  Just as commonly believed is the second problem - the incompatibility of DST's concept of an immutable atom of space and the length contraction of this atom required by special relativity.  The new formula for distance in DST solves this problem. It is shown that length contraction of the atom of space does not occur for any relative velocity of two reference frames.  It is also shown that time dilation of the atom of time does not occur.  Also discussed is the possibility of any object being able to travel at the speed of light for specific temporal durations given by an equation derived in this work. Also discussed is a method to empirical verify the discreteness of space by studying any observed anomalies in the motion of astronomical bodies, such as differences in the bodies' inertial masses and gravitational masses. The importance of the new distance formula for causal set theory and other theories of quantum gravity is also discussed.
Optical detection of breast cancer: a pilot clinical trial at the Massachusetts General Hospital (2003)

X-ray mammography has been the major imaging modality in breast cancer detection for years, despite its high false diagnosis rate for malignant tumors and harmful radiation. In the last decade, optical imaging has been emerging as a promising method for breast cancer detection. Using near infrared (NIR) light ranging from 690 nm to 900 nm, an optical device can measure functional properties of breast tissue, such as total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) and oxygen saturation (SO2). Cancers tend to have higher levels of HbT because of their greater vascularization, and lower SO2 because of greater oxygen consumption, than normal tissue. Thus the NIR technology could be useful in breast cancer detection. In addition, optical detection is totally noninvasive and safe, and can be low cost. Photonify Technologies Inc. has developed an optical device for real-time two-dimensional mapping of HbT and SO2 in breast tissue. The device has been tested in a pilot clinical study for a group of 50 patients at the Department of Radiology of the Masachusetts General Hospital at Harvard Medical School. Preliminary results suggest that contrast-normalized standard deviations in HbT and SO2 might be good indicators for breast cancer detection. A patient may have a higher risk to have cancer in a breast portion where the normalized standard deviation in either HbT or SO2 is greater than 0.3. We demonstrate 92% diagnostic sensitivity and 66% specificity in detecting ductal carcinoma, either invasive or in <i>situ</i>. The device may potentially be used as an adjunctive tool with mammography to reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Bi-Modal Person Recognition on a Mobile Phone: Using Mobile Phone Data (2012)

This paper presents a novel fully automatic bi-modal, face and speaker, recognition system which runs in real-time on a mobile phone. The implemented system runs in real-time on a Nokia N900 and demonstrates the feasibility of performing both automatic face and speaker recognition on a mobile phone. We evaluate this recognition system on a novel publicly-available mobile phone database and provide a well defined evaluation protocol. This database was captured almost exclusively using mobile phones and aims to improve research into deploying biometric techniques to mobile devices. We show, on this mobile phone database, that face and speaker recognition can be performed in a mobile environment and using score fusion can improve the performance by more than 25% in terms of error rates.
Differences in Switching Away From Smoking Among Adult Smokers Using JUUL Products in Regions With Different Maximum Nicotine Concentrations: North America and the United Kingdom (2021)

Switching rates were lower among smokers who purchased the JUUL System ("JUUL") in the UK, where regulations limit nicotine concentration to 20 mg/mL versus N.Am. (United States and Canada), where higher concentrations are available-before and after controlling for differences in smoking and ENDS use characteristics. These results suggest availability of ENDS in nicotine concentrations greater than 20 mg/mL may be associated with increased switching among adult smokers. Between-country differences may be affected by unmeasured factors; future research should consider these factors and the extent to which regulatory policy environments may explain differences in switching among adult smokers.
BEOL-Compatible Multiple Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal (m-MFM) FETs Designed for Low Voltage (2.5 V), High Density, and Excellent Reliability (2020)

An experiment-calibrated SPICE model considering dynamic ferroelectric switching and charge injection is established to co-optimize memory window, write speed, endurance, and retention of MFMFET where a standard BEOL HfZrOx MFM capacitor is stacked on top of the logic transistor. This promising SOC-compatible, low-power and low-voltage embedded memory achieves a high current on-off ratio > 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> when programming at ±2.5 V for 3 μs without compromising 10-year retention and MFM-equivalent endurance. A novel m-MFMFET utilizing multiple MFMs is also proposed. m-MFMFET achieves equivalent performance as the standard MFMFET but further reduces the unit cell size by 22 %.
Fiber optic gyroscope coils: performance characterization (2017)

The need for precision guidance of systems in tactical theaters is becoming increasingly more important. This need has renewed interest in Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (IFOG) that are capable of delivering navigation grade performance. The challenges however, include satisfactory performance over a large and severe operating temperature range (-60&deg;C to +90&deg;C), low unit cost and relatively small footprint. Performance of the IFOG depends critically on the quality of the sensing element, optical fiber coil, and many of the performance limiting issues of the IFOG can be traced back to coil quality. Although significant progress has been made in the fabrication of temperature insensitive coils with high optical reciprocity, more needs to be done. In this paper, data is presented on the performance of similar size (inside diameter, outside diameter, height) freestanding coils that were wound in quadrupole winding pattern at low tension using different polarization maintaining fibers. Performance characteristics of the coils were measured under variables including (i) fiber geometry, (ii) fiber coating, (iii) winding epoxy, and (iv) epoxy curing profile. Although each coil had the same footprint, they contained different lengths of fiber based on the fiber coating size. Coils were characterized as a function of temperature with respect to: (i) optical loss, (ii) polarization extinction ratio (PER), and (iii) coherence. The data suggests that high performance navigation grade coils can be realized over a large and severe temperature range with careful choice of fiber, winding epoxy and cure cycle.
Non-data-aided Joint Estimation of Time and Frequency Offset in OFDM Systems Using Channel Order Based Regression (2013)

Previously proposed non-data-aided time delay and carrier frequency offset estimators typically require multiple orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols to achieve good estimation performance, which is not well-suited for positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) applications in which fast acquisition time is critical. In this paper, a novel non-data-aided joint time and frequency estimator for OFDM systems that uses only one complete OFDM symbol and knowledge of the channel order is presented. The estimation performance in terms of mean squared error and lock-in probability is compared to comparable estimators presented in the literature. It is shown through simulation that the proposed estimator performs better than comparable methods for low signal-to-noise ratio in Rayleigh fading channels, especially for higher order channels.
Resonance Properties of Surface Acoustic Wave Resonator in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2012)

A supercritical fluid is a fluid at a temperature and pressure above its critical point. Supercritical CO 2 functions as a moderate solvent, has zero surface tension, and has high permeability in fine structures. These properties are regarded as ideal for the processing of nano- and microscale substances. A problem of applying supercritical fluids is fluctuations in their density. By utilizing a surface acoustic wave (SAW), it may be possible to realize a sensor for measuring the density fluctuation. In this study, the resonance property of a shear-horizontal-type SAW resonator fabricated on a 36° Y–X LiTaO 3 substrate and the impedance of an interdigitated electrode (IDE) fabricated on a nonpiezoelectric substrate were measured in high-pressure CO 2 . Abrupt changes in the resonance property owing to discontinuous changes in the density and viscosity were observed at a certain CO 2 pressure between gas and liquid phases. The impedance change of the IDE owing to discontinuous changes in the permittivity was also observed.
Synthesis and structure of the polymeric metal, (SN) x , and its precursor, S2N2 (1975)

The synthesis and X-ray structure of the polymeric metal, polymeric sulphur nitride, and the structure of S2N2, which undergoes polymerization in the solid state at room temperature to give (SN)x, are described.
Performance evaluation of multihop wireless networks (2011)

In this thesis, we investigate the performance of protocols for multihop wireless networks, focusing on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). For both type of networks, we design and implement a protocol development and evaluation environment, and propose a new protocol for each multihop network. For WSNs, we design and implement RaPTEX, a rapid prototyping tool for embedded communication systems, consisting of three major subsystems: a toolbox for protocol compositions, an analytical performance estimation for fast exploration of performance trade-offs between different protocols, and a hybrid emulation environment for better accuracy of performance evaluation. Using RaPTEX, we study the performance trade-offs between energy efficiency, end-to-end delay, and throughput for different protocols, configurations, and topologies. Based on the performance study, we propose a multichannel asynchronous scheduled MAC protocol for WSNs, which significantly improves packet delivery ratio and delay without compromising energy efficiency under a wide range of traffic loads. For WMNs, we design and develop a service oriented software platform for a WMN testbed to facilitate protocol development and experimental research. Using the testbed software, we study the spatial throughput unfairness in a saturated WMN. Based on the measurement study, we define a joint channel assignment and routing problem, find the optimum solution using a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model, and propose a joint channel assignment and routing algorithm that heuristically balances the channel utilization of bottleneck links to maximize throughout in multi-radio, multi-channel, multi-rate WMNs, while maintaining fairness. Through simulations, we show that the proposed algorithm substantially outperforms the existing schemes.
Control of quantum well states in Ag/Fe(100) and Au/Fe(100) (2004)

The quantum well (QW) energy dependence on the vacuum boundary condition is studied in Ag/Fe(100) and Au/Fe(100). With decreasing of the vacuum level by evaporating Cs atoms, the energy shift and broadening of the QW states are observed by one-photon photoemission spectra, which is well explained by a phase accumulation model. In Au/Fe(100), sharp QW states are still observed even after the reduction of the vacuum level by 1.4 eV, which changes the QW energy as large as 0.11 eV.
Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene Causes Aneuploidy and p53-dependent and p53-independent Apoptosis (2000)

The pituitary tumor transforming gene, PTTG, is abundantly expressed in several neoplasms. We recently showed that PTTG overexpression is associated with apoptosis and therefore have now studied the role of p53 in this process. In MCF-7 breast cancer cells that express wild type p53, PTTG overexpression caused apoptosis. p53 was translocated to the nuclei in cells expressing PTTG. Overexpression of p53, along with PTTG, augmented apoptosis, whereas expression of the human papillomavirus E6 protein inhibited PTTG-induced apoptosis. In MG-63 osteosarcoma cells that are deficient in p53, PTTG caused cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis that was inhibited by caspase inhibitors. A proteasome inhibitor augmented PTTG expression in stable PTTG transfectants, suggesting that down-regulated PTTG expression is required for cell survival. Finally, MG-63 cells expressing PTTG showed signs of aneuploidy including the presence of micronuclei and multiple nuclei. These results indicate that PTTG overexpression causes p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis. In the absence of p53, PTTG causes aneuploidy. These results may provide a mechanism for PTTG-induced tumorigenesis whereby PTTG mediates aneuploidy and subsequent cell transformation.
Magnetolectric Cantilever for Collocated Actuation and Sensing Applications: Experimental Study, Model and Scaling Laws (2009)

The magneto-electro-mechanical behavior of cantilevers is modeled with two novel applications in mind: micro-surgical ablation tools and larger actuators such as cutting tools for machining applications. By uniquely combining a energy based non-linear magnetostrictive model with Euler-Bernoulli structural model and a linear piezoelectric constitutive model, a modeling tool is developed to predict the deflections and electric responses of such cantilevers under different loading conditions and magnetic field. A reduced version of this model is validated with experimental data of a magnetostrictive cantilever in bending mode. Further a simple scaling law is developed to calculate the actuating forces that can be produced when the dimensions of the cantilever is changed.