gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
English Modality (2013)

The book presents new issues and areas of work in modality and evidentiality in English(es), and in relation to other European languages (French, Galician, Lithuanian, Spanish). Given the complexity of the relations among modal and evidential expressions, their constant diachronic evolution, and the variation found in different English-speaking areas, and in different genres and discourse domains, the volume addresses the following issues: the conceptual nature of modality, the relationship between the domains of modality and evidentiality, the evolution and current status of the modal auxiliaries and other modal expressions, the relationship with neighbouring grammatical categories (tense, aspect, mood), and the variation in different discourse domains and genres, in modelling stance and discourse identities.
Fast Multislice Spectroscopic Imaging using SENSE (2001)

Methods The technique of using sensitivity encoding to reduce the scan time in spectroscopic imaging [2] was extended to multislice experiments. 32 x 32 spectra were obtained from each of three transversal slices of the brain (TR = 4 s, TE = 144 ms, FOV=220 mm2, slice thickness = 15 mm, slice gap = 5 mm). For each spectrum 512 sampling points over a bandwidth of 750 Hz were obtained, resulting in a spectral resolution of 1.5 Hz. Twelve outer volume saturation slabs were placed in coneshape along the skull to diminish signal from subcutaneous fat. SENSE-SI offers the advantage of using only a fraction of the repetition time (TR) interval for signal acquisition. This enables to acquire data from several slices within one TR interval, not requiring to increase the number of TR intervals and therefore the total scan time. For a spectral resolution of 1.5 Hz the acquisition time for one FID is approximately 700 ms. Thus, as in conventional SI, using a TR of 4 s it is easily possible to acquire data at one k-space point from each of three slices. Multislice SENSE-SI data was acquired from healthy volunteers and from one patient with metastases from a melanoma. In one volunteer a conventional SI and a TSI measurement were performed additionally for comparison. Multislice TSI data, with four spin-echoes acquired per excitation, was obtained of the same three slices as in the conventional and the SENSE-SI experiments. In the TSI experiment, 256 samples were acquired over a bandwidth of 1025 Hz and the repetition time was adjusted to 5 s. All other parameters were chosen equally to the experiments described above. All spectroscopic imaging experiments were performed on a Philips Gyroscan ACS-NT 1.5 Tesla whole-body scanner using an array of 6 surface coils, surrounding the volunteer's head. Reference scans for the determination of the spatial sensitivities of the coils were obtained before the SI scan with a fast multislice gradient echo imaging sequence, using the array and the body coil. The complex valued sensitivity profiles serve for the reconstruction of the undersampled SENSE-SI data. Postprocessing of the spectra included Lorentz spectral and cosine spatial filtering, a digital shift algorithm for improved water suppression, B0-correction, as well as zero order phase and baseline correction. The metabolic images were interpolated to 2562 pixels. Results
An RRAM-based Oscillatory Neural Network (2015)

Oscillatory Neural Networks (ONNs) are an intriguing brain-inspired paradigm for massively parallel computing, but implementations in CMOS fail to produce competitive architecture performance. While representing each artificial neuron with a CMOS oscillator does not scale well in terms of power and area, we have recently demonstrated the design and fabrication of low-power, small-area voltage controlled oscillators based on metal-oxide resistive devices (RRAMs). The same RRAM materials have also been demonstrated as programmable nonvolatile resistors for use as artificial synapses [1]. In this paper, we propose a RRAM-based ONN that is based on the coupling of oscillatory “neurons” through weighted “synapses.” A few CMOS logic gates per neuron are required for the phase detection that is used to initialize the input pattern and lock to the correct stored pattern. Using measurement data for RRAM-based oscillators and synapses, compact models were derived and characterized for use in simulating an eight neuron proof-of-concept network.
Remote Hydroamination of Disubstituted Alkenes by a Combination of Isomerization and Regioselective N–H Addition (2023)

Remote hydrofunctionalizations of alkenes incorporate functional groups distal to existing carbon-carbon double bonds. While remote carbonylations are well-known, remote hydrofunctionalizations are most common for addition of relatively nonpolar B-H, Si-H, and C-H bonds with alkenes. We report a system for the remote hydroamination of disubstituted alkenes to functionalize an alkyl chain selectively at the subterminal, unactivated, methylene position. Critical to the high regioselectivity and reaction rates are the electronic properties of the substituent on the amine and the development of the ligand DIP-Ad-SEGPHOS by evaluating the steric and electronic effects of ligand modules on reactivity and selectivity. The remote hydroamination is compatible with a broad scope of alkenes and aminopyridines and enables the regioconvergent synthesis of amines from an isomeric mixture of alkenes. The products can be derivatized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution on the amino substituent with a variety of nucleophiles.
Supplementary material to "Characterization of atmospheric methane release in the outer Mackenzie River Delta from biogenic and thermogenic sources" (2022)

Characterization of atmospheric methane release in the outer Mackenzie River Delta from biogenic and thermogenic sources -Supplemental Material. 5 Table S1: Site locations and CH4 source isotopic signatures. Site Latitude Longitude Source 13 C-CH4 () R 2 Max CH4 (ppm) Max wind speed (km/h) Site Type Wetland 1 (fall) 68.9691 -134.7168 -88.3 0.999 62.50 16.2 Aquatic seep Pingo 3 (fall) 68.9393
Task-consistent obstacle avoidance and motion behavior for mobile manipulation (2003)

Applications in mobile manipulation require sophisticated motion execution skills to address issues like redundancy resolution, reactive obstacle avoidance, and transitioning between different motion behaviors. The elastic strip framework is an approach to reactive motion generation providing an integrated solution to these problems. Novel techniques within the elastic strip framework are presented, allowing task-consistent obstacle avoidance and task-consistent motion behavior. General transition criteria and methods are presented, permitting the suspension and resumption of task execution to ensure other desired motion behavior, such as obstacle avoidance. Task execution has to be suspended when kinematic constraints or changes in the environment render task-consistent motion behavior infeasible. Task execution is resumed as soon as it is consistent with other desired motion behaviors.
Task-Independent Cognitive State Transition Detection From Cortical Neurons During 3-D Reach-to-Grasp Movements (2015)

Complex reach, grasp, and object manipulation tasks require sequential, temporal coordination of movements by neurons in the brain. Detecting cognitive state transitions associated with motor tasks from sequential neural data is pivotal in rehabilitation engineering. The cognitive state detectors proposed thus far rely on task-dependent (TD) models, i.e., the detection strategy exploits a priori knowledge of the movement tasks to determine the actual cognitive states, regardless of whether these cognitive states actually depend on the movement tasks or not. This approach, however, is not viable when the tasks are not known a priori (e.g., the subject performs many different tasks) or there is paucity of neural data for each task. Moreover, some cognitive states (e.g., holding) may be invariant to the movement tasks performed. Here we propose a real-time (online) task-independent (TI) framework to detect cognitive state transitions from spike trains and kinematic measurements. We constructed this detection framework using 452 single-unit neural spike recordings collected via multielectrode arrays in the premotor dorsal and ventral (PMd and PMv) cortical regions of two nonhuman primates performing 3-D multiobject reach-to-grasp tasks. We used the detection latency and accuracy of state transitions to measure the performance. We find that, in both online and offline detection modes: 1) TI models have significantly better performance than corresponding TD models when using neuronal data alone and 2) during movements, the addition of the kinematics history to the TI models further improves detection performance. These findings suggest that TI models may accurately detect cognitive state transitions. Our framework could pave the way for a TI control of neural prosthesis from cortical neurons.
Investigation of a Practical Convex-Optimization-Based Sensorless Scheme for IPMSM Drives (2019)

This paper presents a practical convex-optimization-based sensorless scheme for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives. The proposed sensorless scheme simplifies the optimization process that employs only one variable as compared with two variables in the existing optimization-based methods. The reduction in variables substantially reduces the computational burden in the proposed scheme and, hence, is suitable for practical applications. Additionally, the proposed algorithm is able to estimate the rotor position regardless of the pattern of the high-frequency (HF) injected signal under low-speed conditions. This characteristic has been investigated in this paper where three typical HF injection patterns are compared. The performance of the proposed scheme is experimentally validated.
Estimation of Exciton Sizes in Squaraine Monolayers by Intralayer Photoinduced Electron Transfer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEstimation of Exciton Sizes in Squaraine Monolayers by Intralayer Photoinduced Electron TransferKangning Liang, Kock-Yee Law, and David G. WhittenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 45, 16704–16708Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100045a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100045a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Design of an embedded RF signal generator for BIST application (2013)

This paper presents the design of an RF test signal generator for a Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) application. This embedded generator is the most sensitive part of a new BIST architecture which basically, consists of integrating an RF generator at the RF Front End input and an RMS detector at the IF side on chip at lowest cost. The proposed BIST cell targets a direct low cost measurement of the gain and the input 1dB compression point (CP1) of a K-band satellite reception chain (18.2 GHz − 22 GHz). The BIST generator, designed in a BiCMOS process, consumes 10 mA. Its power range is equal to 17 dB [−45 dBm; −28 dBm] and its frequency varies from 17.5 GHz to 23.1 GHz. This BIST circuit provides new perspectives in terms of production test strategy, cost reduction and measurement accuracy for mm-wave integrated circuits.
Human Adipose Stem Cells in Chondrogenic Differentiation Medium without Growth Factors Differentiate Towards Annulus Fibrosus Phenotype In Vitro (2013)

Summary Intervertebral disc degeneration is the main cause of chronic back pain. Disc degeneration mainly leads to tearing of annulus fibrosus (AF), which is with current methods difficult to restore and impossible to regenerate. Stem cell technology offers a potential technique to repair the ruptured AF by enabling new matrix synthesis at the defect site. Previous studies have shown that human adipose stem cells (hASCs) are able to differentiate towards AF phenotype when treated with suitable growth factors. There are concerns about the use of growth factors in clinical applications because of their short half‐lives, high costs and low effectiveness. The main aim of this research project was to regenerate AF tissue in vitro using hASCs and serum free chondrogenic medium without supplementation of growth factors. Differentiation of hASCs was induced by using the micromass culture technique. Human annulus fibrosus cell (hAFCs) cultured in commercial AF growth medium were used as positive control. Assessment of AF phenotype of hASCs and hAFCs was done at 14 and 21 days of culture. Quantification of sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content showed that hASCs cultured in chondrogenic medium expressed similar levels of sulphated GAGs as hAFCs. qRT‐PCR confirmed the similarity of the differentiated hASCs with AF phenotype. Several markers for AF phenotype (aggrecan, collagen type I and glypican‐3) were expressed in both hAFCs and differentiated hASCs. This is the first study that demonstrated that hASCs can be differentiated towards AF phenotype using serum free chondrogenic medium without growth factors. In a next step, scaffolds manufactured from biodegradable polymers will be used in combination with ASCs to find an optimal construct to repair AF defects.
Effects of procyanidins, EC and C3G on the plasma glucose level in an oral glucose tolerance test. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;ICR mice were dosed orally with 0.001 to 1000 μg/kg body weight of polyphenols or water (5 mL/kg body weight). Sixty minutes after the administration, the mice were orally given glucose solution (1 g/kg body weight) followed by plasma glucose measurements at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. (A) Results of oral glucose tolerance tests were shown after the treatment with 0.001 (■), 0.1 (▲) or 10 (●) μg/kg body weight of PA 4–2 or water [5 mL/kg body weight; (●)]. Values are means ± SE (n = 6). Values of area under the curve (AUC) calculated from the treatment with 0.001 to 1000 μg/kg body weight of polyphenols are shown in the panels B to H. (B) AUC from the treatment with 0.1μg/kg body weight of polyphenols. (C-H) AUC from the treatment with each polyphenol at different concentrations. Values are means ± SE (n = 6). *Significantly different from the corresponding control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;0.05; Dunnett’s test in the panels A and C to H). Different superscripted letters indicate significant differences between the groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;0.05; Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test in the panel B).&lt;/p&gt;
Battery Power Smoothing Control in a Marine Electric Power Plant Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (2016)

This brief presents a power variation smoothing method using batteries on a weak ship grid. For some marine vessels, power fluctuations on the ac grid are large. This results in the large variations in the electrical frequency of the grid and excessive wear and tear of the power producers. Adding batteries connected to a dc/ac drive to smooth out the power fluctuations has been suggested. However, due to the large amount of fluctuation, batteries can overheat. Therefore, we suggest using a bandpass filter with the cutoff frequency parameters optimized by a model predictive control based on a power spectral density estimate of power consumption for disturbance prediction.
Development of a novel photon counting detector for UV spectrographs (2022)

Spectroscopic observations in the far and extreme ultraviolet (FUV/EUV, 40-200nm) is of great interest in various scientific fields, such as in Solar Physics, in physics of interstellar medium and in planetary exospheres studies. Microchannel plates-based detectors have been for a long time the detectors of choice for astronomical applications in this range of wavelength, due to their photon counting capability (since the expected photon flux are low) and the possibility of solar blindness (photon flux in the visible range are order of magnitudes higher and filtering may be an issue). However, the spectral features observed in the targets are characterized by a high range of intensities, which can cover several orders of magnitude. Response of MCP detectors at high flux is limited ultimately by the MCP itself, but generally the readout system introduces further restrictions, thus the technique of lowering the efficiency in the area interested by the most intense lines is often adopted. In the framework of technological R&D for future astronomical FUV/EUV spectrograph, we are developing a photon counting, solar blind, UV detector with readout system based on a 2D anode array integrated in a custom designed Read Out Integrated Circuit (MIRA - Microchannel plate Readout ASIC), with the aim of achieving high performances characteristics, in particular unprecedented performance in terms of dynamic range combined with spatial resolution close to 30 μm. This detector will allow to measure, simultaneously and without the necessity of filters, spectral lines with different intensities of orders of magnitude, exploiting the maximum Signal to Noise Ratio provided by the statistical limit. A first prototype has been realized, based on a demonstrator of the MIRA ASIC, 32×32 pixels, 35×35 μm<sup>2</sup> size, for a total chip area of 2×2 mm<sup>2</sup>, to be integrated with a standard demountable MCP intensifier.
How to protect liver graft with nitric oxide (2011)

Organ preservation and ischemia reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation play an important role in the induction of graft injury. One of the earliest events associated with the reperfusion injury is endothelial cell dysfunction. It is generally accepted that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) is cell-protective by mediating vasodilatation, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase mediates liver graft injury after transplantation. We conducted a critical review of the literature evaluating the potential applications of regulating and promoting e-NOS activity in liver preservation and transplantation, showing the most current evidence to support the concept that enhanced bioavailability of NO derived from e-NOS is detrimental to ameliorate graft liver preservation, as well as preventing subsequent graft reperfusion injury. This review deals mainly with the beneficial effects of promoting "endogenous" pathways for NO generation, via e-NOS inducer drugs in cold preservation solution, surgical strategies such as ischemic preconditioning, and alternative "exogenous" pathways that focus on the enrichment of cold storage liquid with NO donors. Finally, we also provide a basic bench-to-bed side summary of the liver physiology and cell signalling mechanisms that account for explaining the e-NOS protective effects in liver preservation and transplantation.
DYT1 mutation in French families with idiopathic torsion dystonia (1999)

A GAG deletion at position 946 in DYT1, one of the genes responsible for autosomal dominant idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD), has recently been identified. We tested 24 families and six isolated cases with ITD and found 14 individuals from six French families who carried this mutation, indicating that 20% of the affected families carried the DYT1 mutation. Age at onset was always before 20 years (mean, 9+/-4 years). Interestingly, the site of onset was the upper limb in all but one patient. Dystonia was generalized in seven patients and remained focal or segmental in three patients. The absence of common haplotypes among DYT1 families suggests that at least six independent founder mutations have occurred. In addition, one Ashkenazi Jewish family carried the common haplotype described previously in Ashkenazi Jewish patients, but it was absent in the other family. Moreover, the dystonia remained focal in the latter family when compared with the usual generalized phenotype in patients with the common Ashkenazi Jewish haplotype. This indicates that there are at least two founder mutations in this population.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Thermotropic Polythiophene and Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylene) Derivatives (1998)

Thermotropic nematic and chiral-nematic conjugated polymers consisting of polythiophene and poly(p-phenylene) backbones carrying cyanobiphenyl and (−)-cholesterol as pendant groups were synthesized and characterized as a new class of optical polymers. Spontaneous assembly of the conjugated backbone was promoted by liquid crystalline mesomorphism on the part of the pendants, thereby allowing uniaxially and helically aligned glassy films to be prepared for polarized photoluminescence (PL) studies. In the thiophene series, the conjugated backbone was found to yield an absorption peak red-shifted from those of the monomers and pendant groups. This permitted selective photoexcitation of the polythiophene backbone to be accomplished. In the p-phenylene series, the conjugated backbone did not give rise to a unique absorption peak. However, with excitation at the long wavelength edge of the absorption peak, PL of the poly(p-phenylene) backbone was found to be 1 order of magnitude stronger than that of the pendant cyanobiphenyl group. These ordered solid films produced significant degrees of linearly and circularly polarized PL. Existing theories were found to be capable of representing the experimental results with independently measured absorption coefficient, average refractive index, and optical birefringence.
Safety of gadoversetamide in patients with acute and chronic myocardial infarction (2008)

Gadoversetamide is safe for use in patients with acute or chronic MI up to a dose of 0.3 mmol/kg.
Novel Technologies for Design and Analysis of Switching Mode Power-Supply Circuit Based on Solitary Electromagnetic Wave Theory (2014)

The novel solitary electromagnetic wave (SEMW) theory and the novel design methodologies of the switching mode power supply circuit (SMPC) are presented. The SEMW theory was developed as a basic theory of the design of all kinds of the switching mode circuit including SMPC by fusing the physics of semiconductor, nonlinear undulation, and electromagnetic wave. When the SEMW theory is used, the electromagnetic analysis of SMPC becomes possible by using only the real parameters based on the physics. The technologies of the low impedance lossy line (LILL) which is used to the DC line and the matched impedance lossy line (MILL) which is used to the switching line are also presented. They are effective for suppressing the electromagnetic interference. SMPC can be reconfigured to the quasistationary state closed circuit (QSCC) by applying LILL and MILL in accordance with the SEMW theory. No electromagnetic interference exist in QSCC. The buck converter which is one of the most popular DC-DC converters is presented as an example of the method for being reconfigured to QSCC. The conventional design tools which includes SPICE based on the AC circuit theory will be effective for the design and analysis of the inside circuit of QSCC.