gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnet design approach for pulsed tokamak reactors (1983)

A choice of various operating modes of a tokamak reactor will have considerable impact on the fatigue lives and cost of ohmic heating (OH), equilibrium field (EF), and toroidal field (TF) coils. OH AND EF coil requirements and their costs, as well as the effects of the fringing fields of the EF coils on the TF coils, have been studied under cyclic operation in the range of N = 10/sup 2/ to 10/sup 6/ cycles, spanning the range from a noninductively driven reactor (STARFIRE) to a conventional ohmically driven reactor. For a reference design of TF coils the design of the central OH solenoid has been studied as a function of its maximum field, B/sup OH/. Increasing requirements for structural support lead to only negligible increases in volt-seconds for B/sup OH/ greater than or equal to 10.0 T. Fatigue failure of the OH coil is not a concern for N less than or equal to 10/sup 5/; for N approx. 10/sup 6/ fatigue limits the strain to small values, resulting in small increases in structural requirements and modest decreases in volt-seconds. Should noninductive current drive be achievable we note that this not only eliminates the OH coil, but it also permits EF coil placement in the inboard region, which facilitates the creation of highly shaped plasma cross sections (large triangularity, or bean-shaped equilibria). We have computed the stored energy, coil configuration and fringing fields for a number of EF coil design options.
Ultra-broadband and low-loss optical power splitter based on tapered silicon waveguides (2015)

We propose a broadband and ultralow-loss (EL < 0.1 dB) optical power splitter based on tapered silicon waveguides. Furthermore, a highly reflective loop-mirror (R > 0.99) based on the proposed splitter is also demonstrated.
Landmarks for Rotational Alignment of the Humeral Component During Elbow Arthroplasty (2012)

While the PCL is better than the TEA as a reference point, neither is able to accurately identify the FEA because of considerable normal variation. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-assisted techniques or a preoperative CT scan of the contralateral, unaffected elbow in identifying rotational landmarks for the elbow undergoing arthroplasty.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the Acid Protease-encoding Gene (<i>pepA</i>) from<i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> (1993)

We have cloned a genomic DNA sequence encoding the acid protease (PEPA) from Aspergillus oryzae using a 0.6-kb fragment as a probe. This fragment was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers designed from the partial amino acid sequences of peptide fragments of the purified protein. Nucleotide sequencing analysis has shown that the cloned gene (designated pepA) encodes 404 amino acid residues and contains 3 putative introns ranging in length from 50 to 61 nucleotides. The deduced amino acid sequence of the A. oryzae PEPA has a high degree of homology (67%) to the A. awamori PEPA. Comparison with the amino acid sequence of A. awamori PEPA suggests that the A. oryzae PEPA may consist of a 78 amino acid prepro-peptide and 326 amino acid mature protein. The amino acid composition of the mature protein was almost consistent with that of the acid protease purified from A. oryzae reported previously. Southern hybridization analyses showed that the pepA gene exists as a single copy in the A. oryzae chromosome. The cloned gene was found to be functional, since transformants of A. oryzae containing multiple copies of the pepA gene showed a 2-6 fold increase in acid protease activity compared with the recipient strain.
SegMap: 3D Segment Mapping using Data-Driven Descriptors (2018)

When performing localization and mapping, working at the level of structure can be advantageous in terms of robustness to environmental changes and differences in illumination. This paper presents SegMap: a map representation solution to the localization and mapping problem based on the extraction of segments in 3D point clouds. In addition to facilitating the computationally intensive task of processing 3D point clouds, working at the level of segments addresses the data compression requirements of real-time single-and multi-robot systems. While current methods extract descriptors for the single task of localization, SegMap leverages a data-driven descriptor in order to extract meaningful features that can also be used for reconstructing a dense 3D map of the environment and for extracting semantic information. This is particularly interesting for navigation tasks and for providing visual feedback to endusers such as robot operators, for example in search and rescue scenarios. These capabilities are demonstrated in multiple urban driving and search and rescue experiments. Our method leads to an increase of area under the ROC curve of 28.3% over current state of the art using eigenvalue based features. We also obtain very similar reconstruction capabilities to a model specifically trained for this task. The SegMap implementation is available open-source along with easy to run demonstrations at www.github.com/ethz-asl/segmap.
Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Protocol Specification (2010)

This document specifies the Forwarding and Control Element Separation
(ForCES) protocol. The ForCES protocol is used for communications
between Control Elements (CEs) and Forwarding Elements (FEs) in a
ForCES Network Element (ForCES NE). This specification is intended to
meet the ForCES protocol requirements defined in RFC 3654. Besides the
ForCES protocol, this specification also defines the requirements for
the Transport Mapping Layer (TML). [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Perception of Running Shoe Cushioning: Objective and Subjective Measurements in Short-Distance Running (2020)

The aim of this study is to investigate the link between the cushioning feature of running shoes in objective and subjective measurements (OM and SM). In OM, four insoles materials were chosen after impact tests (S1 = 12.6 g, S2 = 7.2 g, G = 11.54 g, and E = 32.41 g). In SM (n = 19), perceived cushioning comfort of insoles was measured using pairwise comparison tests and a Visual analogue scale (VAS) during running. Lower impact peak (IP) leads to greater perceived comfort of cushioning only between S1, S2 and G. But insole E with the highest IP was rated as the most comfortable in cushioning. Its relationship can be explained by associating acceleration magnitudes from the beginning contact to the IP in two possible ways: i) participants did not reach the critical impact peak in SM or ii) participants perceived the critical impact peak, but other factors such as energy rebound and perceived stability influenced their rating in the pairwise comparison tests.
Photonuclear reactions on titanium isotopes 46-50Ti (2014)

Yields of photonuclear reactions on the natural mixture of titanium isotopes were measured under exposure to a beam of bremsstrahlung γ-quanta with the end-point energy of 55 MeV. The results are compared with computations based on the TALYS model. It is shown that description of cross sections of photonuclear reactions on Ti isotopes requires the proper account for isospin and configuration splitting of the giant dipole resonance.
The Influence of Flightless I on Toll-Like-Receptor-Mediated Inflammation in a Murine Model of Diabetic Wound Healing (2013)

Impaired wound healing and ulceration represent a serious complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Cytoskeletal protein Flightless I (Flii) is an important inhibitor of wound repair, and reduced Flii gene expression in fibroblasts increased migration, proliferation, and adhesion. As such it has the ability to influence all phases of wound healing including inflammation, remodelling and angiogenesis. Flii has the potential to modulate inflammation through its interaction with MyD88 which it an adaptor protein for TLR4. To assess the effect of Flii on the inflammatory response of diabetic wounds, we used a murine model of streptozocin-induced diabetes and Flii genetic mice. Increased levels of Flii were detected in Flii transgenic murine wounds resulting in impaired healing which was exacerbated when diabetes was induced. When Flii levels were reduced in diabetic wounds of Flii-deficient mice, healing was improved and decreased levels of TLR4 were observed. In contrast, increasing the level of Flii in diabetic mouse wounds led to increased TLR4 and NF- κ B production. Treatment of murine diabetic wounds with neutralising antibodies to Flii led to an improvement in healing with decreased expression of TLR4. Decreasing the level of Flii in diabetic wounds may therefore reduce the inflammatory response and improve healing.
Infusing Autopoietic and Cognitive Behaviors into Digital Automata to Improve their Sentience, Resilience and Intelligence (2021)

The holy grail of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been to mimic human intelligence using computing machines. Autopoiesis which refers to a system with well-defined identity and is capable of re-producing and maintaining itself and cognition which is the ability to process information, apply knowledge, and change the circumstance are associated with resilience and intelligence. While classical computer science (CCS) with symbolic and sub-symbolic computing has given us tools to decipher the mysteries of physical, chemical and biological systems in nature and allowed us to model, analyze various observations and use information to optimize our interactions with each other and with our environment, it falls short in reproducing even the basic behaviors of living organisms. We present the foundational shortcomings of CCS and discuss the science of infor-mation processing structures (SIPS) that allows us to fill the gaps. SIPS allows us to model su-per-symbolic computations and infuse autopoietic and cognitive behaviors into digital machines. They use common knowledge representation from the information gained using both symbolic and sub-symbolic computations in the form of system-wide knowledge networks consisting of knowledge nodes and information sharing channels with other knowledge nodes. The knowledge nodes wired together fire together to exhibit autopoietic and cognitive behaviors.
Pulse collision picture of inter-channel nonlinear interference noise in\n fiber-optic communications (2014)

We model the build-up of inter-channel nonlinear interference noise (NLIN) in\nwavelength division multiplexed systems by considering the pulse collision\ndynamics in the time domain. The fundamental interactions can be classified as\ntwo-pulse, three-pulse, or four-pulse collisions and they can be either\ncomplete, or incomplete. Each type of collision is shown to have its unique\nsignature and the overall nature of NLIN is determined by the relative\nimportance of the various classes of pulse collisions in a given WDM system.\nThe pulse-collision picture provides qualitative and quantitative insight into\nthe character of NLIN, offering a simple and intuitive explanation to all of\nthe reported and previously unexplained phenomena. In particular, we show that\nthe most important contributions to NLIN follow from two-pulse and four-pulse\ncollisions. While the contribution of two-pulse collisions is in the form of\nphase-noise and polarization-state-rotation with strong dependence on\nmodulation format, four-pulse collisions generate complex circular noise whose\nvariance is independent of modulation format. In addition, two-pulse collisions\nare strongest when the collision is complete, whereas four-pulse collisions are\nstrongest when the collision is incomplete. We show that two-pulse collisions\ndominate the formation of NLIN in short links with lumped amplification, or in\nlinks with distributed amplification extending over arbitrary length. In long\nlinks using lumped amplification the relative significance of four-pulse\ncollisions increases, emphasizing the circularity of the NLIN while reducing\nits dependence on modulation format.\n
The Use of an Intra-Articular Depth Guide in the Measurement of Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears (2013)

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the conventional method for determining the percentage of partial thickness rotator cuff tears to a method using an intra-articular depth guide. The clinical utility of the intra-articular depth guide was also examined. Methods. Partial rotator cuff tears were created in cadaveric shoulders. Exposed footprint, total tendon thickness, and percentage of tendon thickness torn were determined using both techniques. The results from the conventional and intra-articular depth guide methods were correlated with the true anatomic measurements. Thirty-two patients were evaluated in the clinical study. Results. Estimates of total tendon thickness (r = 0.41, P = 0.31) or percentage of thickness tears (r = 0.67, P = 0.07) using the conventional method did not correlate well with true tendon thickness. Using the intra-articular depth guide, estimates of exposed footprint (r = 0.92, P = 0.001), total tendon thickness (r = 0.96, P = 0.0001), and percentage of tendon thickness torn (r = 0.88, P = 0.004) correlated with true anatomic measurements. Seven of 32 patients had their treatment plan altered based on the measurements made by the intra-articular depth guide. Conclusions. The intra-articular depth guide appeared to better correlate with true anatomic measurements. It may be useful during the evaluation and development of treatment plans for partial thickness articular surface rotator cuff tears.
Microwave-assisted regioselective synthesis of substituted-9-bromo-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracenes via Diels-Alder cycloaddition (2020)

The substituted-9-bromo-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracenes ortho 8a-12a and meta 8b-13b have been synthesized via Diels-Alder reaction under microwave conditions. The cycloadduct isomers ortho 8a-11a and meta 8b-11b, with priority to ortho 8a-11a, were obtained from the reaction of 9-bromoanthracene 1 with acrylonitrile 2, 2-chloroacrylonitrile 3, methacryloyl chloride 4 and acrylic acid 5, while ortho 12a and meta 12b, with priority to meta 12b, was obtained from the reaction of 9-bromoanthracene 1 with 1-cynao vinyl acetate 6. Interestingly, the only isomer meta 13b was obtained from the reaction of 9-bromoanthracene 1 with phenyl vinyl sulfone 7. The results proved that the steric or/and electronic nature of the dienophile substituent is/are playing significant roles in the regioselectivity and isomers ratio.
Strain and composition dependencies of the near bandgap optical transitions in monoclinic (Al$_x$Ga$_{1-x}$)$_2$O$_3$ alloys with coherent biaxial in-plane strain on (010) Ga$_2$O$_3$ (2022)

The bowing of the energy of the three lowest band-to-band transitions in $β$-(Al$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$)$_2$O$_3$ alloys was resolved using a combined density functional theory (DFT) and generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry (GSE) approach. The DFT calculations of the electronic band structure of both, $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ and $θ$-Al$_2$O$_3$, allow extracting of the linear portion of the energy shift in the alloys, and provide a method for quantifying the role of coherent strain present in the $β$-(Al$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$)$_2$O$_3$ thin films on (010) $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ substrates. The energies of band-to-band transitions were obtained using the spectroscopic ellipsometry eigenpolarization model approach [A. Mock et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 165202 (2017)]. After subtracting the effects of strain which also induces additional bowing and after subtraction of the linear portion of the energy shift due to alloying, the bowing parameters associated with the three lowest band-to-band transitions in monoclinic $β$-(Al$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$)$_2$O$_3$ are found.
A Novel 1,3-Beta- <scp>d</scp> -Glucan Inhibitor, Ibrexafungerp (Formerly SCY-078), Shows Potent Activity in the Lower pH Environment of Vulvovaginitis (2019)

Ibrexafungerp (IBX) (formerly SCY-078) is a novel glucan synthase inhibitor whose oral availability is being evaluated for efficacy against vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Bioavailability and <i>in vitro</i> activity are important efficacy indicators, but accepted susceptibility methods do not always accurately predict activity in an acidic environment, such as the vagina. Studies were 3-fold, as follows: (i) pharmacokinetic study following oral administration in a murine model; (ii) susceptibility testing of isolates from a phase 2 VVC clinical trial by CLSI M27-A4 methodology; and (iii) susceptibility testing of <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Candida glabrata</i> isolates obtained from this trial group in RPMI 1640 adjusted to 3 different pH values, 7.0, 5.72, and 4.5, compared to susceptibility testing for micafungin and fluconazole. IBX readily accumulated in vaginal tissues and secretions following oral administration. Potent <i>in vitro</i> activity was demonstrated against <i>Candida</i> strains obtained at baseline and end of study visits. Moreover, the geometric mean (GM) values for IBX at pH 4.5 were dramatically lower than those at pH 7.0 and 5.72. The MIC<sub>90</sub> values of micafungin remained the same regardless of pH value, while those of fluconazole tended to increase with lower pH values. IBX is able to reach target tissues following oral administration at pharmacologically meaningful levels. IBX demonstrated potent <i>in vitro</i> activity, with no development of resistance, following repeated exposure over the course of the clinical trial. Importantly, activity of IBX in an acidic medium suggests a therapeutic advantage of this novel antifungal in the treatment of vaginal <i>Candida</i> infections.
Risk of Misinterpretation of Ebola Virus PCR Results After rVSV ZEBOV–GP Vaccination (2015)

SCOPUS: le.j
Polychlorinated biphenyl profiles in ringed seals (<i>Pusa Hispida</i>) reveal historical contamination by a military radar station in Labrador, Canada (2013)

Significant amounts of soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were discovered at a military radar station in Saglek Bay, Labrador, Canada, in 1996. Subsequent work showed elevated PCB concentrations in local marine sediments, in the benthic-associated food web, and in some ringed seals (Pusa hispida). The benthic-associated food web clearly reflected local PCB contamination, but the high PCB concentrations found in some ringed seals remained unexplained. In the present study, the authors assess the extent to which this local PCB source at Saglek Bay is contributing to the contamination of ringed seals in northern Labrador. Among 63 ringed seals sampled along the northern Labrador coast, 5 (8%) had PCB levels that were higher than recorded anywhere else in the Canadian Arctic. In addition, compared with seals exhibiting a long-range signal, 45% and 60% of subadults and adult males, respectively, exhibited heavier PCB congener profiles as characterized by principal components analysis, >1.6-fold higher PCB/organochlorine pesticides ratios, and higher PCB concentration-weighted average log octanol-water partition coefficient values, consistent with a local source. Despite the spatially confined nature of contaminated sediments in Saglek Bay, the influence of this PCB source is not inconsequential; PCB concentrations in locally contaminated adult males are 2-fold higher than concentrations in those exposed only to long-range PCB sources and exceed an established threshold of 1.3 mg/kg for adverse health effects in seals.
In vivo motility of rat colon chronically pretreated with sennosides (1993)

Supplement
Evaluation of Stream Virtual Machine on Raw Processor (2007)

Stream processing exploits the properties of stream applications such as parallelism and throughput-oriented nature of the applications. One of the most recent approaches is community-supported Morphware stable interface (MSI) used as a stable abstraction between high-level compilers (HLC) and low-level architecture-specific compilers (LLC). We focus on one part of the MSI, the stream virtual machine (SVM). We implemented a high-level compiler that produces SVM output renderings and SVM implementation. The SVM is implemented with the Raw compiler as the LLC and an accompanying library. We also implemented stream applications such as matrix multiplication, FIR bank, and ground moving target indicator (GMTI) using the implemented compilers. These applications are optimized and the results are analyzed. The results show that the SVM framework is generally suitable for streaming applications on Raw processor.
Requirement of filter characteristics for 40 Gbit/s-based DWDM systems (2002)

The impact of WDM filter characteristics on 40 Gbit/s signals with various channel spacing is investigated for NRZ, CS-RZ, and RZ modulation formats. The basic limitations imposed by channel spacing, slope, detuning, and cascade of filters are presented.
Understanding Clinical Reasoning through Visual Scanpath and Brain Activity Analysis (2022)

This paper presents an experimental study that analyzes learners’ visual behaviour and brain activity in clinical reasoning. An acquisition protocol was defined to record eye tracking and EEG data from 15 participants as they interact with a computer-based learning environment called Amnesia, a medical simulation system that assesses the analytical skills of novice medicine students while they solve patient cases. We use gaze data to assess learners’ visual focus and present our methodology to track learners’ reasoning process through scanpath pattern analysis. We also describe our methodology for examining learners’ cognitive states using mental engagement and workload neural indexes. Finally, we discuss the relationship between gaze path information and EEG and how our analyses can lead to new forms of clinical diagnostic reasoning assessment.
Guidelines for platelet transfusions (1992)

Recommendations for the optimal transfusion support of patients likely to receive repeated platelet transfusions. 1. Determine policy for prophylactic platelet support, and select the platelet count below which platelet transfusions will be used. 2. Consider using leucocyte depletion of red cell and platelet concentrates to prevent HLA alloimmunization from the outset. 3. Type patients for HLA-A and B antigens at an early stage. 4. Use random donor platelet concentrates for initial platelet support (either single or multiple donor, depending on availability). 5. If refractoriness occurs, determine whether clinical factors, which may be associated with non-immune consumption of platelets, are present and test the patient's serum for HLA antibodies. 6. Use HLA-matched platelet transfusions if HLA alloimmunization is the most likely cause of refractoriness. 7. If there is no improvement with HLA-matched transfusions, platelet crossmatching may identify the cause of the problem and help with the selection of compatible donors. 8. Discontinue prophylactic platelet support if a compatible donor cannot be found. Use platelet transfusions from random donors to control bleeding and increase the dose, if necessary.
Facile Fabrication of Photoanodes of Tungsten(VI) Oxide on Carbon Microfiber Felts for Efficient Water Oxidation under Visible Light (2014)

Abstract Efficient photoanodes of tungsten oxide (WO3) were fabricated on three-dimensional conductive carbon microfiber felts (CMFs). Monolayers of fine WO3 particles with a diameter of ca. 150 nm were successfully loaded on the surface of CMFs by simple impregnation of a mixed aqueous solution of ammonium metatungstate and poly(ethylene glycol) followed by calcination in air, affording higher photocurrent densities and IPCE values for water oxidation under visible light than those on a conventional porous WO3 electrode prepared on a conductive glass substrate.