gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knoevenagel condensation reaction catalysed by Al-MOFs with CAU-1 and CAU-10-type structures (2017)

This manuscript reports the Knoevenagel condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and malononitrile using CAU-1-NH<sub>2</sub>as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst under mild reaction conditions.
Development of Visible Light Sensitive Titanium Dioxide Loaded with Fe2O3 Nanoparticles and Evaluation of their Photocatalytic Activities (2007)

We have succeeded in preparing doped TiO2 powders after the calcinations of the mixture TiO2 and organic compounds such as urea or thiourea. In order to improve the photoactivity of the doped TiO2, we investigated the doped TiO2 loaded with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The photoactivities of doped TiO2 loaded with Fe2O3 nanoparticles for decomposition of 2-propanol and acetaldehyde were higher than that of doped TiO2 without Fe2O3 nanoparticles. ESR analyses suggested that photoexcited electrons generated in TiO2 during photoirradiation were efficiently trapped by Fe3+ ions loaded on TiO2, which resulted in the formation of Fe2+ ions. When the doped TiO2 photocatalysts loaded with Fe2O3 nanoparticles was treated with NaBH4 and air oxidation, their photocatalytic activities were 1.5 times that of the one without the treatment of NaBH4. The improvement of photocatalytic activity was due to a decrease in diameter of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the doped TiO2, which was supported by the results of TEM and EDX analyses.
Rapid Continuous Synthesis of 5′-Deoxyribonucleosides in Flow via Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Glycosylation (2012)

A general, green, and efficient Brønsted acid-catalyzed glycosylation serves as a key step in the one-flow, multistep syntheses of several important 5'-deoxyribonucleoside pharmaceuticals.
A 2<sup>nd</sup>-Order Model of the Vertical Impedance of the Locomotor System During Human Walking (2019)

Objective: To design better shock absorbing prosthetic components, walking machines, or bionic legs, values and properties of the mechanical impedance of the locomotor system of able-bodied ambulators need to be determined. Methods: The representation of a simple 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order shock absorption component (i.e., effective body mass, Me, supported by a stiffness, k, and damping, B, in parallel) was incorporated into a previously proposed rocker-based inverted pendulum model of walking to more accurately model the impedance associated with human walking, including the effects of shock absorption. Using system identification techniques and quantitative gait analysis data from able-bodied subjects (n = 7), the properties and values of the mechanical impedance for each subject's trial were determined. Results: It was determined that stiffness, k, increased linearly with walking speed while damping, B, increased with the square root of walking speed. Furthermore, the locomotor system behaves like an optimal underdamped mechanical system (i.e., damping ratio ζ of approximately 0.5-0.7). Conclusion: The locomotor system seems to behave like an optimal and adaptive low-pass filter in which the cutoff frequency is adjusted based on the locomotor's cadence. It could be hypothesized that this occurs due to the principle of conservation of the passenger's well-being: the fact that one of the locomotor's functional responsibilities is to prevent higher frequency vibrations that are harmful for the musculoskeletal system of the passenger. Significance: This is a holistic, simplified, and accurate model of the vertical leg mechanical impedance (locomotor system) that establishes parameters during walking over a range of speeds. These results can be used for the scientific design of better shock absorption prosthetic components and lower-limb prostheses, management of shock absorption related gait pathologies, or the design of human-like walking machines and rehabilitation robots.
<i>In-Situ</i> <sup>1</sup>H NMR Investigation of Particle Size, Mild Oxidation, and Heating Regime Effects on Plasticity Development during Coal Carbonization (1997)

High-temperature in-situ 1H NMR with a probe operating at a frequency of 100 MHz has been used to quantify the effects of particle size, mild oxidation, and different heating regimes on plasticity development for a low-volatile Australian bituminous coal in terms of the proportions of rigid and fluid material present. At the temperature of maximum fluidity, the fluid phase accounts for 35% of the hydrogen remaining, with both its concentration and mobility increasing up to this temperature. Reducing the particle size below ca. 150 μm suppresses plasticity through a reduction in the mobility of the fluid phase with the concentration of rigid material remaining constant. This effect is considerably more pronounced with slow heating than it is with fast heating (3−4 cf. 30 °C min-1). In contrast, suppressing the fluidity by mild oxidation reduces primarily the concentration of the fluid phase. Isothermal treatments give rise to a loss of fluidity due to reductions in both the proportion and mobility of the fluid component. The in-situ measurements have confirmed that plasticity development is a reversible phenomenon provided that relatively fast quenching rates (ca. 75 °C min-1) are used. These results are discussed in relation to estimating the contribution to fluidity development from the non-solvent-extractable material in coals. Heating coking coal in a tube furnace to the temperature of maximum fluidity followed by fairly rapid cooling is shown to be a simple procedure for recovering relatively large amounts of partially carbonized coal with the structural features responsible for maximum fluidity preserved.
Testing configurations of attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) stations in Mali, West Africa, for improving the control of malaria parasite transmission by vector mosquitoes and minimizing their effect on non-target insects (2021)

The goal of marking quarter of the total Anopheles population per day was obtained using 2 bait stations at 1.8 m height above the ground. This configuration also had minimal effects on non-target insects.
On The Stochastic Scalability Of Information Sharing Platforms (2006)

Recently, centrally controlled information distribution systems are rapidly emerging to decentralized structures. This tendency can be observed in software distribution applications using BitTorrent or information sharing platforms based on distributed hash table structures like Chord or Kademlia. To ensure that the emerging platforms will function properly with a growing number of users and services the issue of scalability turned into one of the hottest research topics. Traditionally, the term scalability often restricts to the functional scalability, which describes the scalability in terms of the system size. In this regard the basic structure is stationary, i.e. it does not fluctuate frequently. However, when the stochastic behavior of system components, the network structure, and user applications has to be taken into account, the stochastic scalability has to be investigated in the context of performance evaluation. In this paper we discuss the stochastic scalability of information sharing platforms. We give a classification of current information sharing platforms and define the terms functional and stochastic scalability in detail. A distributed phone book based on a Chord ring will be discussed as an example to motivate other areas of application and to show the potential of the evaluation of stochastic scalability.
A Rapid Route to Arrays of Nanostructures in Thin Films (2002)

Ordered arrays of ultra-high-density, nanoscopic, cylindrical domains have been prepared in thin block copolymer films directly by spin coating. The process is extremely rapid and reproducible. These oriented arrays result from the competition between solvent evaporation and ordering of the copolymer and a solvent gradient established normal to the surface of the film.
Glauber dynamics on trees and hyperbolic graphs (2001)

We study discrete time Glauber dynamics for random configurations with local constraints (e.g. proper coloring, Ising and Potts models) on finite graphs with n vertices and of bounded degree. We show that the relaxation time (defined as the reciprocal of the spectral gap 1-/spl lambda//sub 2/) for the dynamics on trees and on certain hyperbolic graphs, is polynomial in n. For these hyperbolic graphs, this yields a general polynomial sampling algorithm for random configurations. We then show that if the relaxation time /spl tau//sub 2/ satisfies /spl tau//sub 2/=O(n), then the correlation coefficient, and the mutual information, between any local function (which depends only on the configuration in a fixed window) and the boundary conditions, decays exponentially in the distance between the window and the boundary. For the Ising model on a regular tree, this condition is sharp.
Evaluation and Compensation of Nonlinear Distortion in Multicarrier Communication Systems (2006)

In modern wireless communication systems with increasing data transfer rateand mobility, designing efficient transceivers is a key issue. Among differentchallenges, nonlinearity of high power amplifiers is a problem that has to beovercome by means of adding extra hardware or using more efficient signalprocessing algorithms. Large signal envelope fluctuations of a multicarriersignal compared to a single carrier is the motivation for extensiveinvestigations in this area.This thesis covers different methods of overcoming the distortion caused by anonlinearity at the transmitter of a multicarrier communication system. Thefocus is mainly on digital baseband compensation methods for multicarriersignals undergoing a nonlinearity at the transmitter front-end. Digital basebandpredistortion and nonlinear equalization are examples of methods for linearizinga nonlinear high power amplifier. Both of these methods are implemented andcompared in this thesis. We also implement a method based on intercarrierinterference cancellation to reduce the distortion at the receiver side by meansof iterative estimation and refining the received signal. Since this method is areceiver side solution, no extra bandwidth or extra power is required, and onlya more complex receiver is needed.Spectral spreading over the neighboring channel is a huge problem, that requiressome means of compensation at the transmitter. The spectral spreading can bereduced by forming signals with less sensitivity to nonlinear amplifications. Weimplement and compare methods of reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) ofa signal in order to limit the spectral outgrowth and improve the bit error rate(BER) performance of the system. Complexity, bandwidth efficiency and powerefficiency are important factors that have to be considered in selection ofthese method.Except PAPR, other measures of the signal envelope variations can be used toevaluate the susceptibility of signal to nonlinear amplification. We use ameasure related to the variance of the instantaneous power, and try to reducethat, thereby improving the performance of the system.
J1050205 Computation of Sound from the Internal Flow in a Centrifugal Blower (2015)

The noise generated from the internal flow in a centrifugal blower was computed by computational aero-acoustics (CAA). The rotational speed of the impeller of the centrifugal blower is 3000 rpm. The sound sources were obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using large-eddy simulation (LES) to compute the turbulent flow in the centrifugal blower. The sound field was computed by solving the Lighthill's equation in the frequency domain with the finite element method (FEM). The results of CAA are compared with the experimental data measured by a microphone. The sound pressure level (SPL) computed with sound source from coarse-mesh LES is overpredicted, while the SPL computed with sound source from fine-mesh LES agrees reasonably well with the experimental data. The peak of SPL at the blade passing frequency (BPF) is underpredicted. The peaks of SPL at the second harmonic and the third harmonic of BPF are not captured by CAA.
Structure of a bound peptide phosphonate reveals the mechanism of nocardicin bifunctional thioesterase epimerase-hydrolase half-reactions (2019)

Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) underlie the biosynthesis of many natural products that have important medicinal utility. Protection of the NRPS peptide products from proteolysis is critical to these pathways and is often achieved by structural modification, principally the introduction of D-amino acid residues into the elongating peptide. These amino acids are generally formed in situ from their L-stereoisomers by epimerization domains or dual-function condensation/epimerization domains. In singular contrast, the thioesterase domain of nocardicin biosynthesis mediates both the effectively complete L- to D-epimerization of its C-terminal amino acid residue (≥100:1) and hydrolytic product release. We report herein high-resolution crystal structures of the nocardicin thioesterase domain in ligand-free form and reacted with a structurally precise fluorophosphonate substrate mimic that identify the complete peptide binding pocket to accommodate both stereoisomers. These structures combined with additional functional studies provide detailed mechanistic insight into this unique dual-function NRPS domain.
Dislocation dynamics in polycrystals with atomistic-informed mechanisms of dislocation - grain boundary interactions (2017)

In polycrystalline materials, dislocations can interact with grain boundaries (GBS) through a number of mechanisms including dislocation absorption, pile-up formation, dissociation reactions within the GB plane and (possibly) dislocation nucleation from the interface itself. The effects of dislocation pile-ups contribute significantly to the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline materials by creating back-stresses that inactivate the primary slip systems in the vicinity of the interface, corresponding with the celebrated Hall–Petch relationship between size and strength. However, dislocation pile-ups cannot be contained within the small grain sizes that can be accommodated by molecular dynamics simulations, which to-date remain the primary computational method used to study the discrete structure of GBs. Dislocation dynamics (DD) simulations are a promising framework for computational modeling that are used to provide insights about phenomena that can only be explained from the intermediate scale between atomistic and macro scales. However, a robust framework for modeling dislocation interactions with internal microstructure such as grain boundaries (GBs) has yet to be achieved for 3D models of DD. Furthermore, this is the first implementation which explicitly includes the dislocation content of the interface. The framework described in this paper is effective for studying GB-dislocation interactions (including inter-granular effects) and the approach for partitioning the DD simulation domain. To achieve a robust method to differentiate between crystal regions, the present framework utilizes a mesh-based partitioning system. Within each grain, slip systems are determined by the grain orientation. The versatile construction described, allows modeling of an arbitrary crystallography, size and grain geometry. Extrinsic dislocations that intersect the interface are constrained to glide on the line of intersection between the glide plane and GB plane. Atomistically informed criteria for slip transmission are implemented, based on the geometrically optimal outgoing glide plane which shares a common line of intersection on the GB plane. Slip transmission is only initiated when the resolved shear stress in one of the compatible outgoing slip directions exceeds an approximate threshold resolved shear stress, which is based on observations made with molecular dynamics studies. The primary aim of the present study was to establish a sufficiently ‘generic’ framework to enable the modelling of various GB structures, polycrystal geometries and crystallographic orientations. The framework described in the present work provides a means to study multi-grain deformation processes governed by dislocations pile-ups at GBs, in detail beyond feasible limits of experiments or atomistic simulation approaches.
TECNICAS INMUNOENSIMATICAS PARA EL DIAGNOSTICO DE ENFERMEDADES DE ORIGEN PARASITARIO Y VIRAL (1980)

INVITADO POR LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA; EL DOCTOR STRATIS AVRAMEAS IMPARTIO EL CURSO TEORICO-PRACTICO SOBRE TECNICAS INMUNIENZIMATICAS; EL CUAL FUE ORGANIZADO POR LA DIVISION DE ESTUDIOS DE POSGRADO DE ESA FACULTAD; EN COORDINACION CON EL DEPARTAMENTO DE INMUNOLOGIA Y VILORLOGIA DEL PLANTEL. EL ESPECIALISTA; JEFE DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR DE LA UNIDAD DE INMUNOCITO QUIMICA DEL INSTITUTO PASTEUR; PARIS; FRANCIA; Y DE LA TECNICA BRIGGITE GUILBERT DEL LABORATORIO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR DEL LABORATORIO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR DEL MISMO INSTITUTO; HA TRABAJADO Y COLABORADO EN LA INVESTIGACION CON DIFERENTES INSTITUTOS Y UNIVERSIDADES; ENTRE LAS QUE DESTACAN LA DE HARVARD Y DE PENSILVANIA; ASI COMO EL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES SOBRE EL CANCER EN PARIS.
Prevalence of Drug Resistance-Related Polymorphisms in Treatment-Naive Individuals Infected with Nonsubtype B HIV Type 1 in Cameroon (2011)

Mutations associated with the use of protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors have been mostly mapped for HIV-1 subtype B. The prevalence of these mutations in drug-naive HIV-1 subtype B-infected individuals is low but occurs at high frequencies in treated individuals. To determine the prevalence of treatment-associated mutations in non-B viruses, we analyzed a 1613-bp pol region of specimens collected from 57 HIV-1-infected treatment-naive individuals from Cameroon. Of the 57 HIV-1 sequences, 43 belonged to CRF02-AG, two to CRF11-cpx, six to subtype A, one to subtype D, and five were unclassifiable. Of the 57 PR sequences, 100% contained at least one codon change giving substitutions at positions 10, 11, 16, 20, 33, 36, 60, 62, 64, 69, 77, and 89. These substitutions gave the following prevalence pattern, 36I/L (100%, 57/57) >89M/I (98%, 56/57)>69K/R (93%, 53/57)>20I/R (89%, 51/57)>16E (16%, 9/57)>64M (12%, 7/57)>10I (11%, 6/57)>11V (5%, 3/57)=62V (5%, 3/57)=77I (5%, 3/57)>233F/V (4%, 2/57)=60E (4%), which differed significantly from subtype B at positions 20, 36, 69, and 89. All but one (98%) of the 57 RT sequences (438 amino acid residues) carried substitutions located at codons 39A (7%), 43E (7%), 122E (7%), 312Q (2%), 333E (2%), 335C/D (89%), 356K (89%), 358K (14%), 365I (2%), 371V (81%), 376S (11%), or 399D (4%); the frequency of these substitutions ranged from <0.5% to 4% in RT of subtype B. The high prevalence of minor mutations associated with protease inhibitors (PI) and reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) represents natural polymorphisms. HIV-1 PR and RT sequences from antiretroviral (ARV)-naive HIV-infected persons in Cameroon are important for monitoring the development of resistance to PIs and RTIs as such mutations could lead to treatment failures in individuals undergoing ARV therapy.
Fabrication of Nanoreaction Clusters with Dual‐Functionalized Protein Cage Nanobuilding Blocks (2018)

Fabrication of functional nanostructures is a prominent issue in nanotechnology, because they often exhibit unique properties that are different from the individual building blocks. Protein cage nanoparticles are attractive nanobuilding blocks for constructing nanostructures due to their well-defined symmetric spherical structures, polyvalent nature, and functional plasticity. Here, a lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticle is genetically modified to be used as a template to generate functional nanobuilding blocks and covalently display enzymes (β-lactamase) and protein ligands (FKBP12/FRB) on its surface, making dual-functional nanobuilding blocks. Nanoreaction clusters are subsequently created by ligand-mediated alternate deposition of two complementary building blocks using layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies. 3D nanoreaction clusters provide enhanced enzymatic activity compared with monolayered building block arrays. The approaches described here may provide new opportunities for fabricating functional nanostructures and nanoreaction clusters, leading to the development of new protein nanoparticle-based nanostructured biosensor devices.
Acoustic Source Localization with Microphone Arrays (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Signal Model Localization Approach Taxonomy Indirect Localization Approaches Direct Localization Approaches Evaluation of Localization Algorithms Conclusions Bibliography
Normalised constant modulus algorithm with selective partial updates (2002)

A reduced complexity realisation for the normalised constant modulus algorithm (NCMA) and its soft criterion satisfaction (SCS) version is proposed based on selective partial updating. The computational complexity of NCMA and SCS is reduced by updating a block of equaliser parameters at every iteration rather than the entire equaliser. This results in a smaller number of multiplications for updating the equaliser parameters. A simple block selection criterion is derived from the solution of a constrained minimisation problem that underpins the development of NCMA. In fractionally-spaced equalisation, the proposed selective partial updating is shown to be capable of maintaining comparable convergence speed to its full-update counterpart. This implies a significant reduction in implementation cost without necessarily penalising the convergence speed.
Electret condenser microphones for hearing aids (2008)

Specifications of ECM for hearing aids were compared with those of ECM for cellular phones and MEMS microphones. The size of ECM for hearing aids was almost the same as other microphones. However, as for microphones for hearing aids, high sensitivity, low noise level, low current consumption and low operation voltage were demanded compared with general microphones that are use with cellular phones and other devices. Frequency spectrum of sensitivity showed a peak in 2 kHz ~ 8 kHz in ECM for hearing aids while other microphones showed constant sensitivity.
A New Approach of Load Rejection in Fault of PV Output in Smart Grid (2018)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach of load rejection in smart grid for a combination of emergency generators (EGs) with a photovoltaic power generation (PV). The power balance of grid is not only the influence of generator on the governor control with droop but also the output fluctuation of the PV cannot be ignored. A frequency control and a load control by a load prediction are necessary for the system grid combined with EGs and PV in island mode. When the cloud interrupts light from the sun in maximum output of PV, the output of PV faults at a moment, so that it is difficult to balance the power by the use of EGs with the output change rate limit. This paper presents a method to stabilize supplied power in the grid by a load rejection in fault of PV output with island mode. The proposed method can realize operation by using emulation with grid system model. The verification results show that the emulator is effective in the energy management strategies.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Germline Variants in Asporin Vary by Race, Modulate the Tumor Microenvironment, and Are Differentially Associated with Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Germline ASPN D-repeat-length is variable among the population.&lt;/p&gt;
Inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a common link with far-reaching implications (2019)

peer reviewed