gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Particle Filter Based WiFi Positioning System Implementation Using WiFiSLAM Radio Map (2016)

In this paper, we present the particle filter based WiFi positioning system (WPS) implementation using WiFiSLAM radio map. To make the radio map for WPS, we apply two methods. In case that map data is given, dynamic search (DS) is applied to construct the radio map. If the map data does not exist, the WiFiSLAM is used to make the radio map. To demonstrate the performance of WiFiSLAM radio map, we estimate the position of user using WiFiSLAM radio map. The experimental results show the positioning error from WiFiSLAM radio map is similar with the positioning error from the DS radio map.
Si acoustic delay lines and the effect of current on accoustic wave attenuation and speed (2011)

We studied the effect of excess carriers, temperature and current on acoustic waves in silicon delay lines. Heat and excess carriers reduce the acoustic velocity by respectively reducing the Young's modulus and through the deformation potential. Electrical current, on the other hand, can increase the acoustic velocity depending on their drift velocity. In addition to current, acoustic waves can also be controlled through field effect and modulation of depletion width in periodic p-n junctions embedded in the delay line.
2D coupled spectral element model for magnetic-thermal analysis of Linear synchronous Motors (2017)

Permanent Magnet Linear Motors (PMLMs) are widely applied in xy-positioning stages such as laser cutters, pick & place systems or vision inspection devices [1].
Tut Tietotalo Ambisonic Impulse Response (2018)

<strong>Tampere University of Technology (TUT) Tietotalo Ambisonic Impulse Response</strong> This dataset consists of impulse responses (IR) from a real environment using the Eigenmike spherical microphone array. The recordings were done in a fairly large spaced corridor inside the university (Tietotalo building) with classrooms around it. The IR acquisition was done using a maximum length sequence (MLS). The measurement was done by slowly moving a Genelec G Two loudspeaker continuously playing the MLS around the Eigenmike in a circular trajectory. The playback volume was set to be 30 dB greater than the ambient sound level. The IRs were collected at elevations −40 to 40 with 10-degree increments at 1 m from the Eigenmike and at elevations −20 to 20 with 10-degree increments at 2 m. The moving-source IRs were obtained by a freely available tool from CHiME challenge which estimates the time-varying responses in STFT domain by forming a least-squares regression between the known measurement signal and the far-field recording independently at each frequency. The IR for any azimuth within one trajectory can be analyzed by assuming block-wise stationarity of acoustic channel. The CHiME IR estimation tool was applied independently on all 32 channels of the Eigenmike. For the dataset creation, we analyzed the DOA of each time frame using MUSIC and extracted IRs for azimuthal angles at 10° resolution (36 IRs for each elevation). The IR file is in .mat format and can be read both in Matlab and Python. The details of the IR file are as following, Size: (2, 9, 1025, 36, 4, 32) = (distance_wrt_mic, elevation_wrt_mic, FFT, azimuth_wrt_mic, blocks, channels). where, distance_wrt_mic = two distances (1m and 2m)<br> elevation_wrt_mic = 9 elevation angles (-40:10:40) at distance 1m, and 5 elevations angles (-20:10:20) at distance 2m.<br> azimuth_wrt_mic = 36 azimuth angles (-180:10:180) for all distance-elevation combination<br> The IRs were extracted assuming block-wise stationarity (four blocks) for each frequency bin (1025 bins). During synthesis, after convolving the IR with a sound event, the 32 channel audio will have to be transformed to Ambisonic format using the transformation matrix of Eigenmike. This dataset was collected as part of the 'Sound event localization and detection of overlapping sources using convolutional recurrent neural network' work, more details about this IR dataset can be found in this work. <strong>Data collector (s):</strong> Fagerlund, Eemi; Koskimies, Aino
Dopamine D2 and D3 receptor agonists limit oligodendrocyte injury caused by glutamate oxidative stress and oxygen/glucose deprivation (2005)

Dopamine receptor activation is thought to contribute adversely to several neuropathological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. In addition, dopamine may have a neuroprotective role: dopamine receptor agonists are reported to protect nerve cells by virtue of their antioxidant properties as well as by receptor-mediated mechanisms. White matter injury can also be a significant factor in neurological disorders. Using real-time RT-PCR, we show that differentiated rat cortical oligodendrocytes express dopamine D2 receptor and D3 receptor mRNA. Oligodendrocytes were vulnerable to oxidative glutamate toxicity and to oxygen/glucose deprivation injury. Agonists for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors provided significant protection of oligodendrocytes against these two forms of injury, and the protective effect was diminished by D2 and D3 antagonists. Levels of oligodendrocyte D2 receptor and D3 receptor protein, as measured by Western blotting, appeared to increase following combined oxygen and glucose deprivation. Our results suggest that dopamine D2 and D3 receptor activation may play an important role in oligodendrocyte protection against oxidative glutamate toxicity and oxygen-glucose deprivation injury.
Validation of keypad user identity using a novel biometric technique (2007)

This paper presents initial work on the development of a keypad incorporating sensors to enable the biometric identity validation of the person using the keypad. The technique reported here is covert and non-intrusive and in use, requires no additional actions on the part of the user. Test systems have been developed using commercially available keypads, modified with mass-produced force sensors to facilitate measurement of key-press dynamics. Measurements are accomplished using a DAQ module attached to a PC running custom software to extract the biometric data and perform the validation. The design of the test system and the results from initial trials are presented. For a system designed for a false rejection ratio of 0%, a false acceptance rate of around 15% can be achieved.
Broadband wireless access based on VSF‐OFCDM and VSCRF‐CDMA and its experiments (2004)

Abstract This paper presents broadband packet wireless access schemes based on variable spreading factor (VSF)‐orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) in the downlink and variable spreading and chip repetition factors (VSCRF)‐CDMA in the uplink for the systems beyond IMT‐2000. In our design concept for wireless access in both links, radio parameters such as the spreading factor ( SF ) are optimally controlled so that the system capacity is maximized according to the cell configuration, channel load and radio channel conditions, based on the tradeoff between efficient suppression of other‐cell interference and the capacity increase in the target cell by exploiting orthogonality in the time and frequency domains. We demonstrate that the peak throughput of greater than 100 Mbps and 20 Mbps is achieved by the implemented base station and mobile station transceivers using the 100‐MHz and 40‐MHz bandwidths in the downlink and uplink respectively. Moreover, the simulation results show the possibility of the peak throughput of approximately 1 Gbps for short‐range area applications using the 100‐MHz bandwidth OFCDM downlink by applying four‐branch multiple input multiple output (MIMO) multiplexing with 16 QAM data modulation and punctured turbo coding. Copyright © 2004 AEI
A LC-MS-MS Method for Determination of Low Doxazosin Concentrations in Plasma after Oral Administration to Dogs (2010)

A rapid and sensitive reversed phase liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method is developed for the determination of doxazosin in canine plasma. The samples are prepared by precipitation of proteins using a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile, followed by freezing and evaporation of the organic solvent. The remaining dry residue is redissolved in mobile phase and analyzed by LC-MS-MS with positive electrospray ionization using the selected reactions monitoring mode. An XTerra MS C(18) column, a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 2mM ammonium acetate with gradient elution, and a flow rate of 400 microL/min are employed. The elution times for prazosin (internal standard) and doxazosin are approximately 8 and 10 min, respectively. Calibration curves are linear in the 1-20 ng/mL concentration range. Limits of detection and quantification are 0.4 ng/mL and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery is higher than 94%. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations are below 7% and 8%, respectively. The method is applied for the determination of doxazosin plasma levels following a single administration of doxazosin base and doxazosin mesylate tablets (2 mg dose) to dogs in the fed state. The results indicate possible superiority of the mesylate salt on the plasma input rates of doxazosin.
Alzheimer amyloid precursor aspartyl proteinase activity in CHAPSO homogenates of Spodoptera frugiperda cells. (2005)

Presenilins are polytopic, integral proteins that control intramembranous proteolysis at the "gamma-" and "epsilon-" cleavage sites of the Alzheimer amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) to yield amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) and the APP intracellular domain (AICD). We have overexpressed a constitutively active, pathogenic form of PS1 (known as PS1 Delta exon 9) together with its substrate, APP-C99, in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Sf9 cells have been reported to lack endogenous gamma-secretase, an unexpected finding since there exists an insect homologue of PS1. In our hands, neither intact insect cells coexpressing PS1 Delta exon 9/APP-C99 nor the aqueous homogenates of these cells displayed obvious products of the gamma- or epsilon-secretase reactions, as reported. Surprisingly, when APP-C99-expressing cells were homogenized in 3[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (CHAPSO), a detergent known to support gamma-secretase activity, subsequent incubation led to the accumulation of an AICD-like peptide (AICD-L). Aspartyl proteinase inhibitors were effective in preventing the appearance of AICD-L, but inhibitors of other classes of proteinases were ineffective. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry of AICD-L revealed its identity as the minor of the two known AICDs.
Soluble CD163 predicts outcome in both chemoimmunotherapy and targeted therapy–treated mantle cell lymphoma (2023)

The outcome for patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has drastically improved with new treatments directed toward the tumor immune microenvironment, where macrophages play an important role. In MCL, the presence of M2 macrophages defined by CD163 expression in diagnostic biopsies has been associated with a worse prognosis. An alternative way to assess the abundance of M2 macrophages is by measuring the level of soluble CD163 in serum (sCD163). We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of sCD163 in 131 patients with MCL. We found that high sCD163 at diagnosis was associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and shorter overall survival (OS) in 81 patients who were newly diagnosed and subsequently treated with chemoimmunotherapy. The same was seen in a cohort of 50 patients with relapsed MCL that were mainly treated within the phase 2 Philemon-trial with rituximab, ibrutinib, and lenalidomide. In patients who were newly diagnosed and had low levels of sCD163, 5-year survival was 97%. There was a moderate correlation between sCD163 and tissue CD163. The association with a poor prognosis was independent of MCL international prognostic index, Ki67, p53 status, and blastoid morphology, as assessed in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. In this study, high sCD163 was associated with both shorter PFS and shorter OS, showing that high levels of the M2 macrophage marker sCD163 is an independent negative prognostic factor in MCL, both in the chemoimmunotherapy and ibrutinib/lenalidomide era. In addition, low sCD163 levels identify patients with MCL with a very good prognosis.
WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE MICROELECTROMECHANICAL VISCOSITY SENSOR (2006)

A novel MEMS device has been designed to directly measure the viscosity of a fluid. The device, which incorporates both actuation and position sensing, is submerged in a fluid and measures the resistance to motion due to the viscous drag forces of the fluid. When this device is operated in the intended overdamped ( >>1) regime, it has a response time that is linear with viscosity. Using our design, a single device is capable of measuring viscosity from 0.5cP to over 1000cP while maintaining a highly linear response. This same device also has good sensitivity; it can to detect viscosity changes on the order of 0.5%.
ACCURACY OF X-RAY BASED LEG LENGTH AND OFFSET MEASUREMENTS IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTIES (2012)

Incorrect restoration of leg length (LL) and offset is a major source of patient dissatisfaction and dysfunction after total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Evaluations on anterior-posterior x-ray images are state-of-the-art to assess the accuracy of such techniques. However, x-ray based measurements of LL and offset are challenging and limited in terms of accuracy. Within this study, we evaluated the accuracy of such measurements by analysing a series of clinical data. We evaluated the results on the non-treated side, since we know that there should be no significant difference between pre- and postoperative measurements on this side. A series of 44 consecutive patients was analysed regarding changes in the difference between pre- and post-operative LL and offset measurements. Anterior-posterior x-rays were taken pre- (pre-OP) and post-operatively (post-OP) with a calibration by a scaling ruler (pre-OP) or implant size (post-OP). The LL and offset measurements were performed with a digital planning software based on the teardrop and transischial line. The distance between the teardrop/transischial line and the trochanter minor was measured to assess LL differences. Femoral offset (FO) was calculated as the orthogonal distance between the centre of the femoral head and the proximal shaft axis. Global offset (GO) was calculated as the distance between the inferior aspect of the teardrop figure and the shaft axis along the teardrop line. Descriptive statistics (mean value ± standard deviation) were calculated for the different types of measurements. Statistically significant differences were checked according to a student9s t-test (α = 0.05). The differences between the pre-and post-operative situation was 0.8±3.2 mm for LL, 0.2±3.5 mm for GO, and −0.5±2.5 mm for FO when referencing to the teardrop line and 0.9±4.0 mm (LL) and −0.3±2.7 mm (FO) for the transischial line. The error distributions did not show statistically significant differences when referencing to the teardrop or transischial line. But high differences (0.1±6.6 mm) were found when comparing the LL values (teardrop vs. transischial) case-by-case. Within this study we demonstrated that x-ray based offset and LL measurements show reasonable inaccuracies. X-ray based evaluations of navigation-based techniques to assist LL and offset restoration cannot produce significantly better results than these analysed limits. That is, even if the navigation technique would be perfectly accurate, the evaluation would not achieve better accuracies than approximately ±3.5 mm for LL, ±3.5 mm for GO, and ±2.5 mm for FO.
A COMPARISON OF EVOLUTIONARY RADIATIONS IN MAINLAND AND CARIBBEAN<i>ANOLIS</i>LIZARDS (1997)

Comparisons between closely related radiations in different environments provide a unique window into understanding how abiotic and biotic factors shape evolutionary pathways. Anolis lizards have radiated extensively in the West Indies, as well as mainland Central and South America. In the Caribbean, similar communities of anole species specialized for different habitats (ecomorphs) have evolved independently on each Greater Antillean island. We examined ecological and morphological data on 49 Anolis species (33 Caribbean, 16 mainland) to investigate whether the same set of ecomorphs has arisen in mainland regions. More generally, we investigated whether the relationship between ecology and morphology was similar among anoles in the two regions. Radiations in the two regions are very different. The majority of mainland anole species exhibit morphological characteristics unlike any Caribbean ecomorph. Furthermore, relationships between ecology and morphology are very different between the two sets of anole species. Among mainland anole species, toepad size is positively correlated with perch height, whereas tail length is negatively related to perch diameter. In contrast, among Caribbean anole species, both forelimb length and body mass are positively associated with perch diameter, and both tail length and hindlimb length are negatively related to perch diameter. Biomechanical considerations provide a functional basis for some of these correlations, but much variation remains to be explained. These findings demonstrate that factors that caused anole species to converge repeatedly in the West Indies are not present in mainland regions, and that environmental factors can strongly influence the shape of evolutionary radiations.
Synchronous motor drives (2019)

This chapter deals with the development of model, simulation and hardware implementation of the synchronous motor (SM) drive under various operating conditions. In the modeling of vector-controlled PMSM drive, the complete model of the SM drive system is developed for different types of speed controllers with a view to improving the performance of the drive. The simulations of PMSM drive are carried out in MATLAB ® environment with Power System Blockset (PSB) and fuzzy logic control (FLC) toolboxes. The hardware of vector-controlled PMSM drive system includes control circuit, interfacing circuit and the power circuit. The control circuit is implemented in DSP ADMC401 and the power circuit consists of the voltage source inverter (VSI) and the PMSM. The interfacing circuit is required for feedback signals in the form of motor winding currents and position as well as rotational speed of the rotor. The DSP-based software algorithm is used to obtain the performance of the drive for starting, speed reversal, load perturbation and steady-state response for different types of closed-loop speed controllers. The simulated results are presented in this chapter along with DSP-based implementation results of developed prototype of drive to validate both the model and the control algorithms.
Friction in Bearings of Parallel Axes Transmissions (2014)

The paper presents a theoretical approach and experimental analysis of bearings friction from a parallel axes transmission. The bearings are components of a testing rig for determining friction losses in chain drives, depending on the tensioning force, speed, temperature and quality of lubrication. Friction in chain is calculated by subtracting the bearing friction from the global (chain and bearings) friction. It is of maximal importance in the correct evaluation of experimental measurements on the rig, to have accurate data on the friction on bearings.
ChemInform Abstract: (1,5)Sigmatropic Shifts in a 1,4‐Diphospholylbenzene. (1990)

Abstract The 1‐cyanophosphole (I) reacts with the dilithiobenzene (II) to produce the diphospholylbenzene (III).
Full adaptive backstepping design of a speed sensorless field oriented controller for an induction motor (2002)

It is well known that modern induction motor control relies on a good dynamic model of the motor. Full state variable information together with exact parameter knowledge is needed. The aim of this work is to fulfil these needs by use of a novel nonlinear observer structure based on the backstepping principle. A full proof for convergence of states is presented together with a stability proof for the parameter estimates. When the system is persistently excited, simulations and experiments show convergence of the parameters. The observer is used in a rotor field oriented control strategy and verified by experiments.
[Cellular immunity in patients with Hodgkin's disease: modification induced by incubating lymphocytes with fetal calf serum and Hodgkin's serum]. (1979)

The capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from fifteen patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease to form E-rosettes with sheep erytrocytes and to respond to PHA stimulation was found to be impaired in 47% of patients. When peripheral blood lymphocytes were incubated overnight in culture medium containing 20% fetal calf serum, E-RFC levels and the capacity to respond to PHA returned to normal. These functions were resuppressed by additional incubation with Hodgkin's disease serum but not from normal serum. The Hodgkin's disease serum inhibited normal peripheral blood lymphocytes to form E-rosettes and to respond to PHA.
Size effect on the colossal thermoelectric power in charge ordered small band width manganites based on Gd-Sr (2015)

Earlier we observed colossal thermoelectric power in charge ordered intermediate band width manganite La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and was explained based on charge ordering and occurrence of spin glass states. With a view to extending such a study on small band width Gd-Sr manganites, both unmilled and milled forms of Gd1−xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.6) samples were prepared. Nano forms of Gd1−xSrxMnO3 were prepared by high energy ball milling. All compositions, both milled and unmilled forms, exhibited colossal thermoelectric power. The absolute value of thermoelectric power almost doubled in the case of milled samples and attained a maximum value of −69 mV K−1 at 42 K, where a spin glass transition takes place. In order to explain the occurrence of transition at ∼42 K, field cooling and zero-field cooling magnetic measurements were conducted and we found that the peak value of thermoelectric power is observed at the same magnetic ordering temperature. The results are further modelled using Mandal's model by incorporating Kondo properties of spin glass along with magnon scattering.
Racemic crystal structures of A-DNA duplexes (2022)

The ease with which racemic mixtures crystallize compared with the equivalent chiral systems is routinely taken advantage of to produce crystals of small molecules. However, biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins are naturally chiral, and thus the limited range of chiral space groups available hampers the crystallization of such molecules. Inspiring work over the past 15 years has shown that racemic mixtures of proteins, which were made possible by impressive advances in protein chemical synthesis, can indeed improve the success rate of protein crystallization experiments. More recently, the racemic crystallization approach was extended to include nucleic acids as a possible aid in the determination of enantiopure DNA crystal structures. Here, findings are reported that suggest that the benefits may extend beyond this. Two racemic crystal structures of the DNA sequence d(CCCGGG) are described which were found to fold into A-form DNA. This form differs from the Z-form DNA conformation adopted by the chiral equivalent in the solid state, suggesting that the use of racemates may also favour the emergence of new conformations. Importantly, the racemic mixture forms interactions in the solid state that differ from the chiral equivalent (including the formation of racemic pseudo-helices), suggesting that the use of racemic DNA mixtures could provide new possibilities for the design of precise self-assembled nanomaterials and nanostructures.