gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depiction of interfacial morphology in impact welded Ti/Cu bimetallic systems using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (2017)

Numerical simulations of high-velocity impact welding are extremely challenging due to the coupled physics and highly dynamic nature of the process. Thus, conventional mesh-based numerical methodologies are not able to accurately model the process owing to the excessive mesh distortion close to the interface of two welded materials. A simulation platform was developed using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, implemented in a parallel architecture on a supercomputer. Then, the numerical simulations were compared to experimental tests conducted by vaporizing foil actuator welding. The close correspondence of the experiment and modeling in terms of interface characteristics allows the prediction of local temperature and strain distributions, which are not easily measured.
SECARB Monitoring and Testing of CO2 Pipeline with Annual Reports (2014)

Abstract not provided.
Cover Picture: The Sound of Batteries: An Operando Acoustic Emission Study of the LiNiO<sub>2</sub> Cathode in Li–Ion Cells (Batteries &amp; Supercaps 10/2020) (2020)

The Front Cover shows that acoustic emission is a promising technique that allows degradation of battery materials such as particle fracture to be probed in a non-destructive manner. More information can be found in the Article by T. Brezesinski, J. Janek and co-workers.
National Registry Data and Record Linkage to Inform Postmarket Surveillance of Prosthetic Aortic Valve Models Over 15 Years (2016)

Meaningful evidence from the analysis of routinely collected registry data can inform postmarket surveillance of medical devices. Although the findings are associated with a number of caveats, 2 specific biological aortic valve series identified in this study may warrant further investigation.
Precedence constraints in hard real-time distributed systems (2002)

Hard real-time multitask-multiprocessor systems are one of the more important species of the taxonomic genus of distributed systems. The assignment of m preemptible periodic tasks to be executed in a set of n processors (interconnected through a communications network) is a NP-complete problem that must meet several constraints: time, allocation, resources, communication and precedence. The first three are processor-dependent and the fourth is network-dependent, but all of them can be verified as the assignment process goes on. Precedence constraints, instead, can be best verified when a tentative assignment, meeting the first four constraints, is obtained. In this paper, a formally proved method is presented to validate tentative assignments. In order to solve the problem of jitter in data arrivals, timed release counters are proposed.
Humidity control as a strategy for lattice optimization applied to crystals of HLA-A*1101 complexed with variant peptides from dengue virus (2007)

T-cell recognition of the antigenic peptides presented by MHC class I molecules normally triggers protective immune responses, but can result in immune enhancement of disease. Cross-reactive T-cell responses may underlie immunopathology in dengue haemorrhagic fever. To analyze these effects at the molecular level, the functional MHC class I molecule HLA-A*1101 was crystallized bound to six naturally occurring peptide variants from the dengue virus NS3 protein. The crystals contained high levels of solvent and required optimization of the cryoprotectant and dehydration protocols for each complex to yield well ordered diffraction, a process that was facilitated by the use of a free-mounting system.
Variation of biomechanical, structural, and compositional properties along the tendon to bone insertion site (2003)

Abstract The tendon to bone insertion site is a complex transitional region that links two very different materials. The insertion site must transfer a complex loading environment effectively to prevent injury and provide proper joint function. In order to accomplish this load transfer effectively, the properties of the insertion site were hypothesized to vary along its length. The quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) Model was used to determine biomechanical properties, polarized light analysis was used to quantitate collagen orientation (structure), and in situ hybridization was used to determine the expression of extracellular matrix genes (composition). All assays were performed at two insertion site locations: the tendon end of the insertion and the bony end of the insertion. Biomechanically, the apparent properties of peak strain, the coefficients ( A and B ) that describe the elastic component of the QLV model, and one of the coefficients (τ 1 ) of the viscous component of the model were significantly higher, while another of the coefficients ( C ) of the viscous component was significantly lower at the tendon insertion compared to the bony insertion. The collagen was significantly more oriented at the tendon insertion compared to the bony insertion. Finally, collagen types II, IX, and X, and aggrecan were localized only to the bony insertion, while decorin and biglycan were localized only to the tendon insertion. Thus, the tendon to bony insertion site varies dramatically along its length in terms of its viscoelastic properties, collagen structure, and extracellular matrix composition. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
On optimal operation of the CHOPFET magnetic field transducer (2017)

This paper presents a study to define the optimal operation mode of the CHOPFET, a type of MagFET transducer that complies with noise and offset reduction techniques. An experimental approach including sensitivity noise and resolution measurements is proposed. The results bring out that best performance is achieved when the transducer is biased with 90% of the saturation current, independently from V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> , and can achieve up to 2.3 μT resolution. A strategy to achieve ultra-low power CHOPFET implementation is also propped.
Nonreciprocal Yagi–Uda Filtering Antennas (2019)

This letter proposes a novel and compact nonreciprocal filtering antenna based on temporal modulation. The device is composed of a third-order filtering section integrated into a Yagi-Uda planar printed antenna. Strong nonreciprocity in transmission and reception is achieved at the same operation frequency by time-modulating the resonators of the filtering section. These resonators are implemented as quarter-wavelength microstrip lines terminated with varactors located on the ground plane. Such plane is also employed as a reflector for the Yagi-Uda antenna and to host the coplanar waveguides that feed low-frequency signals to the varactors, thus leading to a very compact design. A prototype is manufactured and successfully tested at 2.4 GHz, showing isolations greater than 20 dB between transmission and reception modes in both E- and H-planes for all directions in space and a gain drop of only 3.5 dB compared to a reference antenna. The proposed devices can easily be integrated with other electronic circuits and may find exciting applications in communication, radar, and sensing systems.
An atypical heterotrimeric G‐protein γ‐subunit is involved in guard cell K<sup>+</sup>‐channel regulation and morphological development in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2011)

Currently, there are strong inconsistencies in our knowledge of plant heterotrimeric G-proteins that suggest the existence of additional members of the family. We have identified a new Arabidopsis G-protein γ-subunit (AGG3) that modulates morphological development and ABA-regulation of stomatal aperture. AGG3 strongly interacts with the Arabidopsis G-protein β-subunit in vivo and in vitro. Most importantly, AGG3-deficient mutants account for all but one of the 'orphan' phenotypes previously unexplained by the two known γ-subunits in Arabidopsis. AGG3 has unique characteristics never before observed in plant or animal systems, such as its size (more than twice that of canonical γ-subunits) and the presence of a C-terminal Cys-rich domain. AGG3 thus represent a novel class of G-protein γ-subunits, widely spread throughout the plant kingdom but not present in animals. Homologues of AGG3 in rice have been identified as important quantitative trait loci for grain size and yield, but due to the atypical nature of the proteins their identity as G-protein subunits was thus far unknown. Our work demonstrates a similar trend in seeds of Arabidopsis agg3 mutants, and implicates G-proteins in such a crucial agronomic trait. The discovery of this highly atypical subunit reinforces the emerging notion that plant and animal G-proteins have distinct as well as shared evolutionary pathways.
Intra-molecular proton transfer and hydrogen evolution mechanism in cobalt catalysts (2014)

Hydrogen generation through catalytic water splitting is a promising strategy for solar energy storage and clean renewable energy generation. In most hydrogen evolution catalysts, external energetic costs to initiate the reaction are anti-correlated with the overall turnover frequency for the catalyst. This has been a limitation for designing more efficient catalysts that evolve hydrogen with both a high reactive rate and a low energetic cost. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of cobalt-based (pyridine-diimine-dioime) catalysts for hydrogen evolution. A combination of theor. and exptl. anal. suggests that the complex can facilitate an intra-mol. proton transfer reaction from protonated pyridine to cobalt. This process produces CoIII hydride as the key intermediate for hydrogen evolution. Our calcns. indicate a significantly lower energetic barrier for hydrogen generation process with a CoII hydride intermediate compared to the corresponding CoIII hydride intermediate, suggesting that the CoII hydride is the key reactive species for hydrogen generation. Using these insights, we propose a strategy to decouple the anti-correlation between external energetic costs and the catalytic turnover frequency, which provides a promising design principle for more efficient hydrogen evolution catalysts.
Immunosuppression and immunological tolerance induction: lessons from a transplant model (2003)

Apoptosis is a principal mechanism in metazoans by which superfluous or potentially harmful cells are eliminated. Deregulation of this process leads to a variety of diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Stimuli that can induce apoptosis are relatively diverse, and include the death factors (Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor and TRAIL), DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Regardless of the origin of the apoptotic stimulus, commitment to apoptosis leads to activation of caspases, a family of cysteine proteases. Cleavage of a select group of cellular substrates by caspases is responsible for the morphological and biochemical changes that characterize apoptotic cell death. The degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units is one of the features of apoptotic cell death, and is mediated by a caspase-activated DNase (CAD). Cells deficient in CAD undergo cell death without the DNA fragmentation, but CAD-null mice did not show any adverse phenotypes. A close examination of the apoptotic cells in these mice indicated that apoptotic cells are always in macrophages. It seems that at an early stage of apoptosis, the dying cells present an 'eat me signal' on their surface. This signal is recognized by macrophages for engulfment, and DNase II in the lysosomes of macrophages degrades DNA of apoptotic cells. Mice deficient in both CAD and DNase II genes were established, and the development of various organs was found to be severely impaired in these mutant mice. The mice accumulated a large amount of undigested DNA in macrophages in various tissues during development. This accumulation of DNA in macrophages activated the innate immunity to induce the expression of the interferon gene. The interferon thus produced seems to be responsible for the impaired tissue development. These results indicate that the degradation of DNA during apoptotic cell death is an essential step of apoptosis to maintain mammalian homeostasis.
ASSESSING POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF STANNOUS CHLORIDE BASED MERCURY TREATMENT ON A RECEIVING STREAM USING REAL-WORLD DATA FROM TIMS BRANCH, SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (2010)

As part of the efforts to develop and implement a comprehensive mercury mitigation strategy for Oak Ridge, the Department of Energy (DOE) is considering deployment of a stannous chloride based treatment technology to decrease the releases of mercury to East Fork Poplar Creek.
Thermionic Emission Properties of Emissive Oxides (2010)

Emissive oxides are employed as a thermionic emission material on electrodes in fluorescent lamps. In the previous paper introducing a new method for measuring the work function of fluorescent lamp electrodes with emissive oxides, the temperature dependency of work function was dealt with. Further discussion to clarify the relationship between the temperature dependence of work function and the effective value of the Richardson constant was performed in another previous paper. Together with being translated them into English, this paper newly performed other discussions of verifying the slope of the linear line in the relationship with reference to the historical data for tungsten metal and of reconfirming the necessity of applying photoelectronic procedure besides thermionic one in order to measure thermionic emission factors other than work function and the Richardson constant. In particular, the approach to measure donor density is helpful to understand the importance of introducing both photoelectronic and thermionic procedures.
Studies on the Experimental Chemotherapy for Dermatomycosis and Candidiasis. VII. On the Antifungal Activity for Various Acetylenic Compounds in Vitro (1982)

Fungistatic effects of forty acetylenic compounds on Trichophyton asteroides were examined in vitro. Among these compounds, propiolic acid (β-naphthyl) methyl ester was demonstrated to have more potent fungistatic activity than pentachlorophenol, a reference compound. There results indicate a fungistatic activity comparable to Haloprogin which is clinically used as a chemotherapeutic drug of dermatomycosis.
Clinical, epidemiological and socio-cultural aspects of infertility in resource-poor settings. Evidence from Rwanda (2011)

Infertility is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), affecting up to one third of couples in certain areas , but has not received the attention it deserves due to limited resources, policies aimed at reducing population growth and the high cost of modern infertility treatment. In SSA most of the infertility is caused by infections acquired through sexual transmission (sexually transmitted infections, STis) or during childbirth and operative procedures in unhygienic circumstances. Knowing the behaviour and the infections which predisposes one to be infertile can guide the design of cost-effective prevention measures. One of the infections which have been linked to infertility is HIV. HN infected persons are up to 40% less fertile through several mechanisms, some not entirely understood. Some limited data have shown that HIV infection rates are up to three times higher among infertile couples than among fertile couples.
Enhanced Contractility of Renal Afferent Arterioles From Angiotensin-Infused Rabbits (2004)

We tested the hypothesis that cyclooxygenase (COX), thromboxane A2 synthase (TxA2-S), thromboxane prostanoid receptors (TP-Rs), or superoxide anion (O2-) mediates enhanced contractions of renal afferent arterioles (Aff) of angiotensin II (Ang II)-infused rabbits. Rabbits were infused with vehicle (sham), Ang II 60 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) (Ang II 60) or 200 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) (Ang II 200). There was a selective enhanced vasoconstriction of Affs from Ang II 60 rabbits to Ang II (Deltadiameter-78+/-8% versus -43+/-9%; P<0.01) that was normalized by a TP-R antagonist but not by a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic. Affs from Ang II 200 rabbits had increased (P<0.01) mRNA for COX-2 and enhanced vasoconstriction to Ang II, U-46 619 (TP-R mimetic), and endothelin-1 that was normalized by ifetroban plus tempol together. Endothelium removal enhanced Ang II responses of Affs from sham rabbits but blunted responses from Ang II 200 rabbits and abolished responses to ifetroban. Affs from Ang II 200 rabbits had an endothelium-dependent contraction factor (EDCF) response to that was blunted (P<0.001) by a SOD mimetic or antagonists of COX-1 or TxA2-S but normalized by antagonists of COX-2 or TP-R. Thus, enhanced Ang II responses in Affs from rabbits infused with slow pressor Ang II are mediated independently by O2- in the vascular smooth muscle cells and by an EDCF that is principally a vasoconstrictor prostaglandin generated by COX-2 >-1 activating TP-Rs, whereas enhanced responses in rabbits infused with a lower Ang II dose are dependent on TP-R but not O2-.
Preoperative and Intraoperative Predictors of Inotropic Support and Long-Term Outcome in Patients Having Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (1991)

The prognostic value of preoperative symptoms, preoperative left ventricular function, and intraoperative factors as related to postoperative outcome in coronary artery bypass grafting is unclear. This study was performed to identify risk factors that could be used as markers to predict immediate and long-term outcome, knowledge of which might allow physicians to modify these factors to decrease the likelihood of an adverse outcome. We retrospectively evaluated preoperative factors (including age, sex, New York Heart Association [NYHA] classification of symptoms, ejection fraction [EF], wall motion abnormalities, baseline left ventricular end-diastolic pressure [LVEDP], postradiographic contrast injection LVEDP, change in LVEDP with contrast injection, cardiac enlargement, and collateral vessels) and intraoperative factors (duration of bypass and aortic cross-clamp time) in 128 patients. The need for inotropic drug support was used as a marker of immediate outcome. A 36-mo follow-up used death and the postoperative NYHA classification of symptoms as markers of long-term outcome. The various factors associated with the use of inotropes and immediate outcome were analyzed by logistic regression. The factors related to inotrope use (and presumed adverse short-term outcome) in order of decreasing significance were lower EF, older age, cardiac enlargement, female sex, and higher baseline and postcontrast LVEDP. Patients with EF greater than or equal to 55%, but also having wall motion abnormalities and LVEDP change greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg, and all patients with EF less than 55% were more likely to require inotropic drug stimulation after cardiopulmonary bypass. Neither the change in LVEDP nor the presence of wall motion abnormalities independently predicted the need for postoperative inotropic support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Metabolomics Approach for Predicting OATP1B-Type Transporter-Mediated Drug–Drug Interaction Liabilities (2022)

In recent years, various endogenous compounds have been proposed as putative biomarkers for the hepatic uptake transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 that have the potential to predict transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs). However, these compounds have often been identified from top-down strategies and have not been fully utilized as a substitute for traditional DDI studies. In an attempt to eliminate observer bias in biomarker selection, we applied a bottom-up, untargeted metabolomics screening approach in mice and found that plasma levels of the conjugated bile acid chenodeoxycholate-24-glucuronide (CDCA-24G) are particularly sensitive to deletion of the orthologous murine transporter Oatp1b2 (31-fold increase vs. wild type) or the entire Oatp1a/1b(-/-)cluster (83-fold increased), whereas the humanized transgenic overexpression of hepatic OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 resulted in the partial restoration of transport function. Validation studies with the OATP1B1/OATP1B3 inhibitors rifampin and paclitaxel in vitro as well as in mice and human subjects confirmed that CDCA-24G is a sensitive and rapid response biomarker to dose-dependent transporter inhibition. Collectively, our study confirmed the ability of CDCA-24G to serve as a sensitive and selective endogenous biomarker of OATP1B-type transport function and suggests a template for the future development of biomarkers for other clinically important xenobiotic transporters.
Highly Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters on β‐Keto Esters by Phase‐Transfer Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation and Michael Reaction (2003)

Das Spiro-Ammoniumsalz (S,S)-1 wurde als Phasentransferkatalysator für hoch enantioselektive Alkylierungen und Michael-Reaktionen von β-Ketoestern eingesetzt. Die Methode ist zuverlässig einsetzbar für den Aufbau hochfunktionalisierter Verbindungen mit quartären Kohlenstoff-Stereozentren. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z51469_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High-Speed Data Transmission with 1.55 pm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (2002)

Buried tunnel junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for 1.55 mum wavelength are demonstrated with excellent stationary and dynamic lasing characteristics. Transmission experiments with single-mode VCSELs show error-free data transmission at modulation frequencies up to 10 Gbit/s
Collimated, single-pass atom source from a pulsed alkali metal dispenser for laser-cooling experiments (2005)

We have developed an improved scheme for loading atoms into a magneto-optical trap (MOT) from a directed rubidium alkali metal dispenser in &amp;lt;10−10Torr ultrahigh vacuum conditions. A current-driven dispenser was surrounded with a cold absorbing “shroud” held at ⩽0°C, pumping rubidium atoms not directed into the MOT. This nearly eliminates background atoms and reduces the detrimental rise in pressure normally associated with these devices. The system can be well-described as a current-controlled, rapidly switched, two-temperature thermal beam, and was used to load a MOT with 3×108atoms.
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGES (2012)

Wing-See Lau, Tiffany; Wong, Ian Yat Hin; Sobrin, LuciaEditor(s): Richard McDonald, H. Author Information