gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Li-Ion Battery Temperature and Expansion Force during the Early Stages of Thermal Runaway Triggered by Internal Shorts (2019)

Thermal runaway of Li-ion batteries is a major safety issue. It is a complex process involving high heat generation, fast temperature rise and significant amounts of generated gas. Modeling thermal runaway will enable a better understanding and earlier detection of the phenomenon. Since the majority of the thermal runaway incidents are triggered by an internal short circuit, this paper presents a model describing lithium-ion battery thermal runaway triggered by an internal short. In this study, two internal short circuit experiments were conducted on two nickel manganese cobalt oxide pouch cells, one that was fully charged and one half charged. The fully charged cell went into a quick thermal runaway, while the half-charged cell evolved only into a slow, self-discharge process. Both of these experiments demonstrate that a huge battery swelling force signal can be detected prior to the surface temperature rise during an internal short circuit event. This thermal runaway model is the first attempt to connect gas generation with force signal, and successfully capture the early stages of thermal runaway, including the early rise of force signal, after parameter tuning. This model's use of force measurement enables higher confidence in the early detection of thermal runaway induced by an internal short.
Recent research and development of optical fiber monitoring in communication systems (2013)

Recent progress on optical fiber monitoring in the optical communication systems is reviewed along with current optical fiber monitoring and diagnosing problems in deployed access, trunk and submarine communication systems.
Divalent Silicon-Assisted Activation of Dihydrogen in a Bis(N-heterocyclic silylene)xanthene Nickel(0) Complex for Efficient Catalytic Hydrogenation of Olefins (2017)

The first chelating bis(N-heterocyclic silylene)xanthene ligand [Si<sup>II</sup>(Xant)Si<sup>II</sup>] as well as its Ni complexes [Si<sup>II</sup>(Xant)Si<sup>II</sup>]Ni(η<sup>2</sup>-1,3-cod) and [Si<sup>II</sup>(Xant)Si<sup>II</sup>]Ni(PMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> were synthesized and fully characterized. Exposing [Si<sup>II</sup>(Xant)Si<sup>II</sup>]Ni(η<sup>2</sup>-1,3-cod) to 1 bar H<sub>2</sub> at room temperature quantitatively generated an unexpected dinuclear hydrido Ni complex with a four-membered planar Ni<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub> core. Exchange of the 1,3-COD ligand by PMe<sub>3</sub> led to [Si<sup>II</sup>(Xant)Si<sup>II</sup>]Ni(PMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, which could activate H<sub>2</sub> reversibly to afford the first Si<sup>II</sup>-stabilized mononuclear dihydrido Ni complex characterized by multinuclear NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. [Si<sup>II</sup>(Xant)Si<sup>II</sup>]Ni(η<sup>2</sup>-1,3-cod) is a strikingly efficient precatalyst for homogeneous hydrogenation of olefins with a wide substrate scope under 1 bar H<sub>2</sub> pressure at room temperature. DFT calculations reveal a novel mode of H<sub>2</sub> activation, in which the Si<sup>II</sup> atoms of the [Si<sup>II</sup>(Xant)Si<sup>II</sup>] ligand are involved in the key step of H<sub>2</sub> cleavage and hydrogen transfer to the olefin.
Extra resonances in time-domain four-wave mixing (1993)

We show that extra resonances, such as those caused in frequency-domain nonlinear wave mixing by pure dephasing or laser fluctuations, can also be induced by operation in the time domain. These pulse-length-induced extra resonances arise in transient-grating experiments when the laser pulses are short enough that a steady state cannot be achieved during the excitation process. We show theoretically that these resonances increase in strength with decreasing excitation pulse length until the pulse length becomes shorter than the dephasing time of the medium and quote an experimental example to support this interpretation.
Closed-loop programming: animal studies (2014)

In this chapter, we will briefly review the main animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their role in the development of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in human PD patients. Subsequently, we will discuss the notion of closed-loop DBS, already defined in Chapter 5, presenting results from animal studies. Finally, we will identify some possible strategies for closing the DBS loop, discuss the challenges of migrating animal model systems to human PD patients and outline future goals of animal and human closed-loop DBS research.
An Aβ42 variant that inhibits intra- and extracellular amyloid aggregation and enhances cell viability (2018)

Aggregation and accumulation of the 42-residue amyloid β peptide (Aβ42) in the extracellular matrix and within neuronal cells is considered a major cause of neuronal cell cytotoxicity and death in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Therefore, molecules that bind to Aβ42 and prevent its aggregation are therapeutically promising as AD treatment. Here, we show that a non-self-aggregating Aβ42 variant carrying two surface mutations, F19S and L34P (Aβ42<sub>DM</sub>), inhibits wild-type Aβ42 aggregation and significantly reduces Aβ42-mediated cell cytotoxicity. In addition, Aβ42<sub>DM</sub> inhibits the uptake and internalization of extracellularly added pre-formed Aβ42 aggregates into cells. This was the case in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells co-expressing Aβ42 and Aβ42<sub>DM</sub> or following pre-treatment of cells with extracellular soluble forms of the two peptides, even at high Aβ42 to Aβ42<sub>DM</sub> molar ratios. In cells, Aβ42<sub>DM</sub> associates with Aβ42, while <i>in vitro</i>, the two soluble recombinant peptides exhibit nano-molar binding affinity. Importantly, Aβ42<sub>DM</sub> potently suppresses Aβ42 amyloid aggregation <i>in vitro</i>, as demonstrated by thioflavin T fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy for detecting amyloid fibrils. Overall, we present a new approach for inhibiting Aβ42 fibril formation both within and outside cells. Accordingly, Aβ42<sub>DM</sub> should be evaluated <i>in vivo</i> for potential use as a therapeutic lead for treating AD.
Application of Stepwise Discriminant Analysis in the Phenotyping of Plasma Cholinesterase Variants (1985)

Discriminant function analysis has been applied to the results of activity and inhibitor measurements carried out on a series of 229 specimens using benzoylcholine and butyrylthiocholine as substrate. The discriminant function was more effective in differentiating cholinesterase genotypes than either a single test or a combination of two tests.
Resolving Early Signaling Events in T-Cell Activation Leading to IL-2 and FOXP3 Transcription (2014)

Signal intensity and feedback regulation are known to be major factors in the signaling events stemming from the T-cell receptor (TCR) and its various coreceptors, but the exact nature of these relationships remains in question. We present a mathematical model of the complex signaling network involved in T-cell activation with cross-talk between the Erk, calcium, PKC and mTOR signaling pathways. The model parameters are adjusted to fit new and published data on TCR trafficking, Zap70, calcium, Erk and Isignaling. The regulation of the early signaling events by phosphatases, CD45 and SHP1, and the TCR dynamics are critical to determining the behavior of the model. Additional model corroboration is provided through quantitative and qualitative agreement with experimental data collected under different stimulating and knockout conditions. The resulting model is analyzed to investigate how signal intensity and feedback regulation affect TCR- and coreceptor-mediated signal transduction and their downstream transcriptional profiles to predict the outcome for a variety of stimulatory and knockdown experiments. Analysis of the model shows that: (1) SHP1 negative feedback is necessary for preventing hyperactivity in TCR signaling; (2) CD45 is required for TCR signaling, but also partially suppresses it at high expression levels; and (3) elevated FOXP3 and reduced IL-2 signaling, an expression profile often associated with T regulatory cells (Tregs), is observed when the system is subjected to weak TCR and CD28 costimulation or a severe reduction in CD45 activity.
Preventing Segregation during Centrifugal Consolidation of Particulate Suspensions: Particle Drafting (1995)

Dilute, dispersed, multicomponent suspensions containing Ce‐ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and varying Al 2 O 3 ‐platelet contents were centrifugally consolidated. Despite the favorable conditions for segregation, phase and size segregation did not occur in the highest Al 2 O 3 ‐platelet content suspension. The suspension properties did not consist of agglomeration, high solids fractions, or high suspension viscosities typically attributed with segregation prevention. Thus, a new mechanism is suggested, considering the effects of hydrodynamic particle interactions (interference drag or “drafting”) on particle arrangement during consolidation. Particle drafting is proposed and supported as a mechanism for preventing segregation, and the importance of hydrodynamic particle interactions in ceramic processing is discussed.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Fibulin-3 Promotes Glioma Growth and Resistance through a Novel Paracrine Regulation of Notch Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 107K, Fibulin-3 is not a Notch target in glioma cells&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: RAFT Nanoconstructs: Surfing to Biological Applications (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Head-disk spacing control for an advanced rotary tester (2008)

This paper discusses head-disk spacing (HDS) control for an advanced rotary tester (ART).With active control of HDS, the ART enables testing of individual recording head sliders and evaluation of novel magnetic recording processes with great flexibility. In this paper, system characterization and servo control design for the ART are presented. Various hardware and design issues are addressed and the corresponding solutions are provided. Simulation and experimental results show that the nominal HDS can be controlled to be within 10 nm with a standard variation of 1.5 nm.
Neuropathic Pain Activates the Endogenous κ Opioid System in Mouse Spinal Cord and Induces Opioid Receptor Tolerance (2004)

Release of endogenous dynorphin opioids within the spinal cord after partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL) is known to contribute to the neuropathic pain processes. Using a phosphoselective antibody [kappa opioid receptor (KOR-P)] able to detect the serine 369 phosphorylated form of the KOR, we determined possible sites of dynorphin action within the spinal cord after pSNL. KOR-P immunoreactivity (IR) was markedly increased in the L4-L5 spinal dorsal horn of wild-type C57BL/6 mice (7-21 d) after lesion, but not in mice pretreated with the KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (norBNI). In addition, knock-out mice lacking prodynorphin, KOR, or G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) did not show significant increases in KOR-P IR after pSNL. KOR-P IR was colocalized in both GABAergic neurons and GFAP-positive astrocytes in both ipsilateral and contralateral spinal dorsal horn. Consistent with sustained opioid release, KOR knock-out mice developed significantly increased tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in both the early (first week) and late (third week) interval after lesion. Similarly, mice pretreated with norBNI showed enhanced hyperalgesia and allodynia during the 3 weeks after pSNL. Because sustained activation of opioid receptors might induce tolerance, we measured the antinociceptive effect of the kappa agonist U50,488 using radiant heat applied to the ipsilateral hindpaw, and we found that agonist potency was significantly decreased 7 d after pSNL. In contrast, neither prodynorphin nor GRK3 knock-out mice showed U50,488 tolerance after pSNL. These findings suggest that pSNL induced a sustained release of endogenous prodynorphin-derived opioid peptides that activated an anti-nociceptive KOR system in mouse spinal cord. Thus, endogenous dynorphin had both pronociceptive and antinociceptive actions after nerve injury and induced GRK3-mediated opioid tolerance.
Lower albumin levels correlate with poor outcome in traumatic brain injury (2005)

1Anaesthesia Department, Addenbroke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, 2Intensive Care Department, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montréal, Canada
An Efficient Method for Multi-Dimensional Compressive Imaging (2009)

In previous work we have demonstrated that using a separable imaging operator overcomes practical difficulties of 2-D compressive imaging. Here we extend the separability notion to multidimensional imaging and present the implementation issues it addresses.
Range Expansion of Western Bean Cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Noctuidae), into Michigan and Ohio (2008)

The western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to the western United States, where it was first described as a pest of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) (3). On corn, fourth and fifth instar larvae feed in the ear, reducing yield and grain quality. Since 2000, the western bean cutworm has spread eastward through Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, and Missouri (1,2,4), into Indiana in 2005, and Wisconsin in 2006 (6). Before 2006, there were no records of western bean cutworm in the Michigan State University A. J. Cook Arthropod Collection or in collections at The Ohio State University, nor reports of larval injury to corn in Michigan or Ohio. In the summer of 2006, five and ten pheromone traps were set up in Michigan and Ohio, respectively (Fig. 1). Each trap was constructed from a one-gallon plastic milk jug cut to leave open side panels (5), and baited with a Scentry western bean cutworm pheromone lure (Great Lakes IPM, Vestaburg, MI) hung under the cap (Fig. 2). Traps were filled with a 50:50 mixture of water and commercial antifreeze and hung 1.5 m above the ground near corn. Traps were checked once per week from 1 July through late August; lures were changed once in late July. In Ohio, a total of three adults were captured, one in each of three counties during the first week of July (Fig. 1A). In Michigan, adults were captured later in the season, one each during the weeks of 8 to 14 and 15 to 21 July in Van Buren Co. and on the night of 24 July in Kalamazoo Co. (Fig. 1A). These were the first western bean cutworm adults recorded from either state.
R 68 070: Thromboxane A2 Synthetase Inhibition and Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Receptor Blockade Combined in One Molecule - I. Biochemical Profile In Vitro (1989)

R 68 070 or (E)-5-[[[(3-pyridinyl)[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- methylen]amino]oxy] pentanoic acid (Janssen Research Foundation, Belgium) combines specific thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibition with TXA2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade in one molecule. In vitro, the compound specifically inhibits the production of TXB2 from [14C] arachidonic acid by washed human platelets (IC50 = 8.2 X 10(-9) M) and by platelet microsomes (IC50 = 3.6 X 10(-9) M), of MDA (IC50 = 1.91 X 10(-8) M) and of TXB2 (IC50 = 1.47 X 10(-8) M) by thrombin-coagulated human platelet-rich plasma (P.R.P.) and whole blood respectively and increases the levels of PGD2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The activity of cyclo-oxygenase-, prostacyclin synthetase-, 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenase-enzymes are not affected. Additionally, R 68 070 inhibits human platelet aggregation in P.R.P. induced by U 46619 3 X 10(-7) M to 2 X 10(-6) M (IC50 = 2.08 X 10(-6) M to 2.66 X 10(-5) M, collagen 0.5 to 2 micrograms/ml (IC50 = 2.85 X 10(-6) M to 4.81 X 10(-5) M), arachidonic acid 7.5 X 10(-4) M to 2 X 10(-3) M (IC50 = 2.1 X 10(-8) M to 3.3 X 10(-8) M) and the U 46619 (1 X 10(-7) M)-induced accumulation of [32P] phosphatidic acid (IC50 = 5.24 X 10(-7) M) in washed human platelets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute colonic diverticulitis: modern understanding of pathomechanisms, risk factors, disease burden and severity (2016)

Over- and under-treatment as well as over- and under-diagnosis of severity is likely to continue in clinical practice due to lack of reliable, robust and universal severity and classification systems. Better understanding of pathophysiology is needed.
The importance of patient preferences for comorbidities in cost-effectiveness analyses (1997)

When using cost-effectiveness analyses to prioritize the allocation of health care resources across patients, a standard definition of effectiveness must be used. In an informal review of cost-effectiveness analyses, we found a heterogeneity in the methods used to qualify adjust years of life. Many studies do not account for the morbid conditions that patients experience other than the index condition being studied. These studies systematically overstate health benefit relative to studies that do for comorbidities. We recommend that patient preferences for comorbid conditions be incorporated into analyses to allow a consistent and facile comparison of cost-utility ratios for societal decision making.
Magnetic control of<i>Dictyostelium</i>aggregation (2007)

We report the control of cell migration by external magnetic forces during the early stage of Dictysostelium discoideum morphogenesis. Magnetically labeled aggregating cells respond to the presence of a magnetic field created by a thin magnetic tip: forces as low as 30 pN are sufficient to elicit the aggregation of the cells at the extremity of the tip. This induced magnetotaxis is competitive to classical chemotaxis. We therefore underline the interplay between external mechanical forces and morphogenesis. This magnetic assay will open new possibilities in the study of morphogenesis in Dictyostelium.
Resonant harmonic generation in AlGaAs nanoantennas probed by cylindrical vector beams (2018)

We investigate second- and third-harmonic generation from individual AlGaAs nanoantennas using far-field mapping with radially- and azimuthally-polarized cylindrical vector beams. Due to the unique polarization structure of these beams, we are able to determine the crystal orientation of the nanoantenna in a single scanning map. Our method thus provides a novel and versatile optical tool to study the crystal properties of semiconductor nanoantennas. We also demonstrate the influence of cylindrical vector beam excitation on the resonant enhancement of second- and third-harmonic generation driven by electric and magnetic anapole-like modes, despite falling in the strong absorption regime of AlGaAs. In particular, we observe a greater nonlinear conversion efficiency from a single nanoantenna excited with a radially-polarized beam as compared to an azimuthally polarized cylindrical vector beam. The fundamental field of the radially-polarized beam strongly couples to the multipoles increasing the near-field enhancement of the nanoantenna. Our work introduces new ways to study individual nanostructures and to tailor the efficiencies of nonlinear phenomena at the nanoscale using non-conventional optical techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Hydrate Magnesium Diphosphate Mg<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>×3.5H<sub>2</sub>O and Its High Temperature Variant Mg<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>×H<sub>2</sub>O. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cyclosporin Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis is Associated with an Increased Serum Activity of β-Glucuronidase (1993)

The serum activity of beta-glucuronidase (beta-gluc) has been presumed to indicate the disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In 10 patients with RA the serum beta-gluc was repeatedly determined after the initiation of a treatment with cyclosporin for one year. A significant increase of beta-gluc was found after 8, 12 and 16 weeks compared to the values before treatment, while the concentration of the soluble interleukin 2-receptor decreased. The data reveal, that beta-gluc is not a useful indicator of the disease activity during cyclosporin treatment.
Comparing the morphologies and adsorption behavior of electrospun polystyrene composite fibers with 0D fullerenes, 1D multiwalled carbon nanotubes and 2D graphene oxides (2021)

Nanoscale adsorbents with unique engineered morphologies give them properties that can be transformative for water treatment. Unlike bulk-scale and top-down sorbents such as activated carbon, bottom-up nanoscale adsorbents dispersed into water are difficult to recover from water unless enmeshed in macro-scale architectures. Electrospinning is a facile and scalable method of immobilizing nanomaterials (NM) including fullerenes (C60), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene oxide (GO) into non-woven, flexible polymeric fabric architectures. In this study, electrospinning was used to compare three types of NM-polystyrene (PS) composites. The integration of NMs into electrospun fibers created pores, increased fiber diameter, decreased polymer beading and maintained fibers’ surface pore size distribution for all composites. The scanning electron microscopy inspection indicated that GO in electrospun PS coated the surface of the fibers. This was attributed to the 2D sheet like structure of GO that was pushed outside by the evaporating organic solvent during electrospinning. Phenanthrene adsorption experiments indicated that GO preserved adsorptive properties when incorporated into PS whereas MWCNT and C60 did not. The restricted adsorption of MWCNT and C60 was caused by the concealing of NMs within the PS filaments. On the other hand, partial exposure of GO surfaces enabled adsorption of phenanthrene by GO. Despite the similarities in pore formation and increased diameter when NMs are incorporated into electrospun PS, the type, and morphological properties of the NMs played a critical role on their application potential as an adsorbent for water treatment. Further advances in fiber synthesis are needed such as higher NM loadings in fibers, partial exposure without compromising the composite integrity and continuous pores that allow pollutant access to NM surfaces where adsorption occurs.