gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creating Instruction to Optimize Learning of the Anatomical Sciences (2018)

Integration of basic and clinical science knowledge is increasingly being recognized as important for practice in the health professions. The concept of ‘cognitive integration’ places emphasis on role of basic science in providing critical connections to clinical signs and symptoms while accounting for the fact that clinicians may not explicitly articulate their use of basic science knowledge in clinical reasoning. In this study, we aimed to extend previous work on cognitive integration using new learning materials teaching musculoskeletal pathologies with allied health students. In addition, we aimed to further our understanding of cognitive integration and conceptual coherence by using a diagnostic justification task to investigate the impact of integrated basic science instruction on novices' diagnostic reasoning process. Participants (N = 43) were randomly assigned to a integrated basic science (BaSci) or clinical science (CS) training group. The BaSci group was taught the clinical features along with the underlying causal mechanisms of four musculoskeletal pathologies while the CS group was taught only the clinical features. To equalize the learning time between the two conditions, the CS group was taught epidemiology and potential treatment options for each of the pathologies. Participants completed a diagnostic accuracy and memory test immediately after learning and one‐week later. A diagnostic justification test was also completed one‐week after initial learning. Novices who learned the integrated causal mechanisms had superior diagnostic accuracy (p&lt;0.01) and a better understanding of the relative importance of key clinical features (p&lt;0.01). Although participants from both groups identified correct features on the justification test, those in the BaSci group identified key diagnostic features rather than features that were common across disease categories. Participants in the BaSci group also outperformed the CS group on the basic memory test; however, this difference was no longer evident one‐week later. This study demonstrates the positive impact of integrating basic anatomical education and clinical science instruction on students' diagnostic reasoning ability in addition to diagnostic accuracy. These findings further our understanding of conceptual coherence by providing explicit evidence of the advantage learners have when basic science knowledge is cognitively integrated. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Debugging in the (very) large (2011)

Windows Error Reporting (WER) is a distributed system that automates the processing of error reports coming from an installed base of a billion machines. WER has collected billions of error reports in 10 years of operation. It collects error data automatically and classifies errors into buckets, which are used to prioritize developer effort and report fixes to users. WER uses a progressive approach to data collection, which minimizes overhead for most reports yet allows developers to collect detailed information when needed. WER takes advantage of its scale to use error statistics as a tool in debugging; this allows developers to isolate bugs that cannot be found at smaller scale. WER has been designed for efficient operation at large scale: one pair of database servers records all the errors that occur on all Windows computers worldwide.
Laterally Graded Mo/Si Multilayer for a 5 Steradian EUV Collector (2010)

The deposition of laterally graded Mo/Si multilayers for EUV collector optics is one of the key challenges to bring EUV Lithography to high volume manufacturing. Coating results of the world’s largest EUV collector are presented.
Magneto-optical fiber sensor based on magnetic fluid (2012)

A novel magnetic field fiber sensor based on magnetic fluid is proposed. The sensor is configured as a Sagnac interferometer structure with a magnetic fluid film and a section of polarization maintaining fiber inserted into the fiber loop to produce a sinusoidal interference spectrum for measurement. The output interference spectrum is shifted as the change of the applied magnetic field strength with a sensitivity of 16.7 pm/Oe and a resolution of 0.60 Oe. The output optical power is varied with the change of the applied magnetic field strength with a sensitivity of 0.3998 dB/Oe.
Kernel-PCA Analysis of Surface Normals for Shape-from-Shading (2014)

We propose a kernel-based framework for computing components from a set of surface normals. This framework allows us to easily demonstrate that component analysis can be performed directly upon normals. We link previously proposed mapping functions, the azimuthal equidistant projection (AEP) and principal geodesic analysis (PGA), to our kernel-based framework. We also propose a new mapping function based upon the cosine distance between normals. We demonstrate the robustness of our proposed kernel when trained with noisy training sets. We also compare our kernels within an existing shape-from-shading (SFS) algorithm. Our spherical representation of normals, when combined with the robust properties of cosine kernel, produces a very robust subspace analysis technique. In particular, our results within SFS show a substantial qualitative and quantitative improvement over existing techniques.
Effect of RBD mutation (Y453F) in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on neutralizing antibody affinity (2020)

Abstract Natural selection “adaptation” in the coronavirus can occur during coronavirus amplification in vivo in farmed minks. Natural selection in such viruses is observed by introduction of mutations in SARS- CoV-2 that are not observed during the growth process in humans. Infection with a mutant (Y453F) of SARS-CoV-2 from farmed minks is known to widely spread among humans. We investigated the virological characteristics of this SARS-CoV-2 mutant (Y453F) using three-dimensional protein structural analysis. Our experimental study suggests that virus variants with the Y453F mutation partially escaped detection by four neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants mediated by millions of infected farmed minks is uncontrolled; consequently, raising a concern that infection of SARS-CoV-2 mutants that cause serious symptoms in humans may spread globally.
Semi-Implicit Runge-Kutta Schemes for non-autonomous differential equations in reactive flow computations (1996)

AIAA, Fluid Dynamics Conference, 27th, New Orleans, LA, June 17-20, 1996 This paper is concerned with time-stepping numerical methods for computing stiff semi-discrete systems of ordinary differential equations for transient hypersonic flows with thermochemical nonequilibrium. The stiffness of the equations is mainly caused by the viscous flux terms across the boundary layers and by the source terms modeling finite-rate thermochemical processes. Implicit methods are needed to treat the stiff terms, while more efficient explicit methods can still be used for the nonstiff terms in the equations. For additively split autonomous differential equations in the form of u' = f(u) + g(u), three different semi-implicit Runge-Kutta methods have been derived and tested in previous papers, where f is treated by explicit Runge-Kutta methods and g is simultaneously treated by three implicit Runge-Kutta methods. The coefficients of up to third-order accuracy have been derived such that the methods are both high-order accurate and strongly A-stable for the implicit terms. However, these semi-implicit Runge-Kutta methods for the autonomous systems cannot be extended to non-autonomous systems of u' = f(t, u) + g(t, u) because of the coupling between the f and g terms in the split Runge-Kutta methods. In this paper, we derive and test three different semi-implicit Runge-Kutta schemes of up to third-order accuracy for the non-autonomous differential equations using the A-stability and accuracy conditions with four stages. The new schemes have been tested in computations of unsteady reactive flows with explicit time-dependent terms. (Author)
Development of a miniature scintillation camera using an NaI(Tl) scintillator and PSPMT for scintimammography (2000)

We have developed a small scintillation camera dedicated to breast imaging and have evaluated the performance of the system. In order to increase the limited field of view (FOV) determined by the size of a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT), the imaging characteristics of a diverging hole collimator (DHC) were also investigated. The small scintillation camera system consists of an NaI(Tl) crystal (60 mm x 60 mm x 6 mm) coupled to a Hamamatsu R3941 PSPMT, a resistor chain circuit, preamplifiers, nuclear instrument modules, an analogue to digital converter and a PC for control and display. The intrinsic energy resolution of the system was 12.9% FWHM at 140 keV. The spatial resolution was measured using a line-slit mask and 99mTc point sources and was 3.1 mm FWHM. The intrinsic sensitivity of the system was approximately 162 counts/s kBq(-1). The DHC made it possible to image a larger FOV (75 x 75 mm2 at the surface of collimator) than a parallel-hole collimator (60 x 60 mm2). The system sensitivity obtained using the DHC gradually decreased with distance (3% at 1 cm, 6% at 2 cm and 9% at 3 cm). The results demonstrate that the system developed in this study could be utilized clinically to image malignant breast tumours. A DHC can be employed to expand the FOV of the system confined by the size of PSPMT with a modest compromise in the performance of the system.
40 GHz phase shift experiments of WDM-based optically controlled transmitting array antenna (2007)

Advanced satellite communications system needs large-scale satellite-borne antenna with a function of beam steering and/or multiple spot beams to cover wide service area with high antenna gain. Although phased array antenna is very useful for the feed for the large reflector to satisfy the requirements above, it generally causes increase in the equipment weight, feed loss, and complexity in beam forming network as increase of the number of the antenna elements and the frequency. Especially for the array antenna in Ka-band or millimetre-wave uses, it is important to reduce the size, weight and insertion loss of the beam forming network. One of promising technologies to overcome these difficulties is application of the optically controlled array antenna for the satellite-borne antenna. In the array antenna, RF signals are optically modulated, transmitted via optical fiber, and phase and amplitude of each RF signal are controlled by using the optical beam forming network. Optically controlled array antennas using optical delay lines with different length [1] and spatial light modulator [2] are proposed and experimentally verified in Japan as research on optically controlled array antenna specialized for Kuand Ka-band satellite communications use. On the other hand, optical dispersion techniques having true-time delay characteristics suitable for wide/multi-bandwidth operation are also proposed and verified [3], [4], although temperature instability of the delay in the optical fiber is one of the technical issues. In this paper, the WDM-based optically controlled array antenna consists of WDM optical sources and an optical dispersion fiber is fundamentally investigated aiming for future millimetrewave satellite communication use. Since the proposed WDM-based array antenna has true-time delay characteristics suitable for wide/multi-bandwidth operation and uses only the difference in time delay at each wavelength within the same fiber and does not cause microwave phase instability due to temperature, it is suitable to realize complex beam forming using array antenna with wide/multi-bandwidth operation. We have already experimentally verified 20 GHz phase characteristics of WDM-based optically controlled array antenna for both transmitting and receiving antenna [5]. In order to verify phase accuracy of the proposed array antenna at millimeter-wave frequency, 40 GHz phase shift experiments of WDM-based optically controlled array antenna for transmission is reported.
Ethyl 8-Fluoro-6-(3-nitrophenyl)-4<i>H</i>-imidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate as Novel, Highly Potent, and Safe Antianxiety Agent (2008)

Ethyl 8-fluoro-6-(4-nitrophenyl)- and ethyl 8-fluoro-6-(3-nitrophenyl)-4 H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine 3-carboxylate 6 and 7 were synthesized as central benzodiazepine receptor (CBR) ligands and tested for their ability to displace [(3)H]flumazenil from bovine and human cortical brain membranes. Both compounds showed high affinity for bovine and human CBR. In particular, compound 7 emerged as the most interesting compound, having a partial agonist profile in vitro while possessing useful activity in various animal models of anxiety. In accordance with its partial agonist profile, compound 7 was devoid of typical benzodiazepine side effects. The homology model of the GABA A receptor developed by Cromer et al. was used to assess the binding modes of ligands 6 and 7. From our docking results, the partial agonist activity elicited by compound 7 is likely to be due to the 3'-nitro substituent, which is in the appropriate position to interact with Thr193 of the gamma 2-subunit by means of a hydrogen bond.
Terahertz detector based on a superconducting tunnel junction coupled to a thin superconductor film (2009)

The principle of a terahertz detector using a superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) coupled to a large terahertz-absorbing superconductor film is verified. We have detected terahertz radiation based on the Cooper-pair breaking process, and confirmed that the sensitivity has a sharp increase around 0.7 THz, a value that is in agreement with the gap frequency of the superconducting Nb. For high-sensitivity terahertz detection, we propose an improved design of the STJ detector composed of a smaller junction coupled to a thinner superconductor film. We also discuss the expected noise equivalent power of the optimized detector.
The Design And Implementation Of A Passive Cavitation Detection System For Use With Ex Vivo Tissue (2006)

A passive cavitation detection (PCD) system has been constructed around a National Physical Laboratory (NPL) cavitation sensor. This system, which has been used to detect the acoustic emissions when ex vivo tissue is exposed to a number of different HIFU intensities, can monitor acoustic emissions throughout an exposure. It has been observed that for the higher harmonics, specifically the 4th (6.77 MHz), the emissions undergo a sharp transition from a low magnitude slowly varying signal, to rapidly varying and high magnitude signal. A sonochemical reaction (in a potassium iodide solution) was simultaneously monitored with the passive cavitation detection and a correlation with free radical production (caused by inertial cavitation) and high frequency broadband emission (7–8 MHz) was observed.
Automated Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Breast MRI: Potential Imaging Biomarker for the Prediction of Tissue Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (2017)

Semi-quantitative automated analysis of breast MRI data enabled the prediction of tissue response to NAC.
The Impact of Charging Battery Electric Vehicles on the Load Profile in the Presence of Renewable Energy (2019)

The driving and charging patterns of battery electric vehicles can have a significant impact on the load profile of the distribution grid. Renewable resources and controlled charging can mitigate this effect by reducing the energy imported from the grid. The smart real-time electric vehicle charging scheduling proposed in this paper reduced grid peak demand through dynamic programming that uses future renewable supply and electric vehicle demand predictions to optimize the balance of energy in the electric grid. The large-scale driving, charging and parking availability patterns used in the simulations were synthesized from an actual experiment made up of a commercial fleet of battery electric vehicles. Numerical simulations showed that for commercial-use vehicles, solar photovoltaic and hybrid photovoltaic +wind technologies can reduce annual grid demand by 24%. Smart scheduling of electric vehicles and the integration of renewable energy resulted in lower peaks but no significant shift in the peak hour demand was observed.
DNA Base Bulge vs Unmatched End Formation in Probe-based Diagnostic Insertion/Deletion Genotyping: Genotyping the UGT1A1 (TA)n Polymorphism by Real-Time Fluorescence PCR (2000)

The presented method for genotyping the (TA)(n) promoter polymorphism of the UGT1A1 gene with the LightCycler has the potential to genotype all currently known (TA)(n) repeats in a single assay and is sensitive toward possible new genotypes. Our findings also show that thermodynamic calculations are of practical value for the design of hybridization probe assays for the genotyping of insertion/deletion polymorphisms.
Silicon Quantum Dot–Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites with Reduced Light Scattering for Luminescent Solar Concentrators (2018)

Silicon quantum dots with indirect bandgap photoluminescence are promising luminophores for large-area luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). However, if commercially viable devices are to be achieved, silicon quantum dots must be dispersed within functional, light-guiding matrices such as acrylic slabs without losing their high photoluminescent quantum yield or succumbing to light-scattering agglomeration. With a goal of limiting scattering and producing functional LSC materials, we study silicon quantum dot/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bulk polymerized composites. Ray-tracing Monte Carlo modeling predicts that scattering losses are significant for large-area silicon quantum dot LSCs unless the characteristic scattering length is at least as large as the LSC side length. We compare the effect of particle ligand choice on the nanocomposites, using particle loadings ranging from 0.06 to 0.50 wt %. We find that methyl 10-undecenoate functionalized silicon quantum dots in PMMA composites exhibit low levels of particle agglomeration, and thus light scattering, as compared to analogous silicon quantum dots capped with 1-dodecene. As a result, these ester-Si/PMMA composites show an improvement in light guiding compared to the alkane–Si composites, which is beneficial for future LSC applications.
Density of States-Based Design of Metal Oxide Thin-Film Transistors for High Mobility and Superior Photostability (2012)

A novel method to design metal oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) devices with high performance and high photostability for next-generation flat-panel displays is reported. Here, we developed bilayer metal oxide TFTs, where the front channel consists of indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) and the back channel material on top of it is hafnium-indium-zinc-oxide (HIZO). Density-of-states (DOS)-based modeling and device simulation were performed in order to determine the optimum thickness ratio within the IZO/HIZO stack that results in the best balance between device performance and stability. As a result, respective values of 5 and 40 nm for the IZO and HIZO layers were determined. The TFT devices that were fabricated accordingly exhibited mobility values up to 48 cm(2)/(V s), which is much elevated compared to pure HIZO TFTs (∼13 cm(2)/(V s)) but comparable to pure IZO TFTs (∼59 cm(2)/(V s)). Also, the stability of the bilayer device (-1.18 V) was significantly enhanced compared to the pure IZO device (-9.08 V). Our methodology based on the subgap DOS model and simulation provides an effective way to enhance the device stability while retaining a relatively high mobility, which makes the corresponding devices suitable for ultradefinition, large-area, and high-frame-rate display applications.
The Dynamic Nature of Hydridosilsesquioxane Clusters on Gold Surfaces (2000)

The chemisorption of the hydridosilsesquioxane clusters H8Si8O12 and H10Si10O15 onto a freshly evaporated gold surface has been observed by X-ray photoemission and reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopies. On the basis of these analytical techniques and supporting nonlocal density functional calculations, a single Si−Au bond at a cluster vertex is created through a surprising gold-mediated Si−H bond activation. The chemisorbed clusters are stable in a vacuum and when exposed to oxygen or water. Coverage-dependent peak frequency and infrared intensity shifts, characteristic of a chemically dynamic interface, are detected as a function of cluster overpressure. An equilibrium between the clusters and the gold surface is proposed, evidenced by a fairly constant rate of adsorption to gold for several coverage regimes.
A Novel Physiologic Model for the Study of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) (2010)

: We have created the first reported physiologic animal ACS model incorporating hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation and the effects of damage control surgery.
Broad-band focusing of hard x-rays using a supermirror (1994)

Until recently, the use of reflective optics at short wavelengths was limited by the low critical angles of minor materials. Single coating mirrors are impractical for energies above ~ 40 keV, because the approximate relation E[keV]· ·θ [mrad] ≤ √ 80 · Z, (where θ is the incidence angle and Z is the atomic number of the mirror material) must be fulfilled. For neutrons the use of graded d-spacing multilayers, so-called supermirrors, has helped to considerably increase the usable angles and has facilitated the construction of flux concentrators at energies where single coatings do not perform well 1,2,3 . We have previously reported on supermirrors for high energy x-rays 4,5 . For energies above 40 keV and away from absorption edges, supermirrors show significant reflectivity out to E[keV]· θ[mrad] ≤ 6.2·10 3 /d min [Å], where d min is the minimum period of the supermirror. In this summary we describe the first focusing of a high energy polychromatic x-ray beam with a W/Si supermirror.