gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond optical frequency comb's temporal coherence characteristic-based high-accuracy distance measurement (2010)

In July 2009, the national standard tool for measuring length in Japan changed from an iodine-stabilized helium-neon (He-Ne) laser to a femtosecond optical frequency comb (FOFC). Owing to the outstanding frequency stability of the FOFC, in the near-future General Conference of Weights and Measures (Conférence générale des poids et measures: CGPM), the FOFC is expected as a new standard tool for the International System of Units (SI) of the meter. Because the traceability of the meter is the infrastructure for both scientific and industrial uses, how to practically perform a distant metrology that is directly linked to an FOFC length standard tool is the most urgent challenge. The basic idea of applying an FOFC's temporal coherence characteristic to an absolute length measurement is simple. Motivated by the analogy between monochromatic light source and phase-related multi-wavelength light source, in this paper, a novel interferometric technique is proposed to measure arbitrary length. In the case of a monochromatic light source, using the interference, measuring length based on the wavelength of light is a general method. In the case of an FOFC, using the interference, we propose a method of measuring length based on, instead of the wavelength of light, the repetition interval between the pulse and the pulse from an FOFC.
Biomimetic carriers mimicking leukocyte plasma membrane to increase tumor vasculature permeability (2016)

Recent advances in the field of nanomedicine have demonstrated that biomimicry can further improve targeting properties of current nanotechnologies while simultaneously enable carriers with a biological identity to better interact with the biological environment. Immune cells for example employ membrane proteins to target inflamed vasculature, locally increase vascular permeability, and extravasate across inflamed endothelium. Inspired by the physiology of immune cells, we recently developed a procedure to transfer leukocyte membranes onto nanoporous silicon particles (NPS), yielding Leukolike Vectors (LLV). LLV are composed of a surface coating containing multiple receptors that are critical in the cross-talk with the endothelium, mediating cellular accumulation in the tumor microenvironment while decreasing vascular barrier function. We previously demonstrated that lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) transferred onto LLV was able to trigger the clustering of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells. Herein, we provide a more comprehensive analysis of the working mechanism of LLV in vitro in activating this pathway and in vivo in enhancing vascular permeability. Our results suggest the biological activity of the leukocyte membrane can be retained upon transplant onto NPS and is critical in providing the particles with complex biological functions towards tumor vasculature.
Data from Phase I Study of Ipilimumab, an Anti–CTLA-4 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory B-Cell Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The growth of non–Hodgkin lymphomas can be influenced by tumor–immune system interactions. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a negative regulator of T-cell activation that serves to dampen antitumor immune responses. Blocking anti–CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies improves host resistance to immunogenic tumors, and the anti–CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab (MDX-010) has clinical activity against melanoma, prostate, and ovarian cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We did a phase I trial of ipilimumab in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma to evaluate safety, immunologic activity, and potential clinical efficacy. Treatment consisted of ipilimumab at 3 mg/kg and then monthly at 1 mg/kg × 3 months (dose level 1), with subsequent escalation to 3 mg/kg monthly × 4 months (dose level 2).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Eighteen patients were treated, 12 at the lower dose level and 6 at the higher dose level. Ipilimumab was generally well tolerated, with common adverse events attributed to it, including diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain, anorexia, fatigue, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Two patients had clinical responses; one patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma had an ongoing complete response (&gt;31 months), and one with follicular lymphoma had a partial response lasting 19 months. In 5 of 16 cases tested (31%), T-cell proliferation to recall antigens was significantly increased (&gt;2-fold) after ipilimumab therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Blockade of CTLA-4 signaling with the use of ipilimumab is well tolerated at the doses used and has antitumor activity in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Further evaluation of ipilimumab alone or in combination with other agents in B-cell lymphoma patients is therefore warranted. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(20):6446–53)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hardware accelerator for similarity based data dedupe (2015)

Data deduplication has proven important in backup storage systems as large amount of identical or similar data chunks exist. Recent studies have shown the great potential of data deduplication in primary storage and storage caches. Deduplications in these environments require high speed processing not to drag down production performance. This paper presents a hardware accelerator for similarity based data deduplication. It implements three compute-intensive kernel modules to improve throughput and latency in dedupe systems: sketch computation for data blocks, index searching for reference block, and delta encoding over similar blocks. Adopting pipelined computation and parallel data lookup across multiple hardware modules, our HW design is capable of processing high throughput data traffic by working on multiple data units concurrently, thus enabling wire speed dedupe for data stream where similar blocks present. Using a PC host system connected to the FPGA-based accelerator through a PCIe Gen 2×4 interface, our experiments show that the similarity based data dedupe performs 30% better in data reduction ratio than conventional dedupe techniques that look at identical blocks only. By comparing the hardware implementation with its software counterpart, the experimental results show that our preliminary FPGA implementation with maximum clock speed of 250MHz achieves at least 6 times improvement in latency over the software implementation running on state-of-art servers.
영유아의 신우 요관 이행부 폐쇄로 인한 수신증의 적절한 수술시기 (2002)

목 적 : 산전 초음파에서 수신증이 발견되어 신생아기에 진단된 신우 요관 이행부 폐쇄로 인한 중등도 이상의 수신증 환아들의 적절한 수술 시기에 관해 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법: 1995년부터 2001년까지 서울중앙병원에서 신우 요관 이행부의 폐쇄로 인한 편측 수신증으로 신우성형술을 시행받은 28명의 환아를 대상으로 ...
Monte Carlo simulations for the design of the treatment rooms and synchrotron access mazes in the CNAO Hadrontherapy facility (2005)

The Italian National Centre for Hadrontherapy is based on a synchrotron capable of accelerating protons and carbon ions up to 250 MeV and 400 MeV u(-1), respectively. The present work describes some Monte Carlo simulations performed to verify the design of the treatment rooms and synchrotron access mazes. The different shielding efficiency and induced activations of the common concrete and the baryte concrete were analysed. In such a radiation field, i.e. with high-energy neutrons, the baryte concrete gains twice the activation than the common concrete without any relevant dose reduction. Moreover, the simulations have stressed, again, the discrepancies between H*(10) and E in such cases where the neutron radiation field is the dominant component and, particularly, in the medium-high energy range.
Enhancement in tunnel magnetoresistance effect by inserting CoFeB to the tunneling barrier interface in Co2MnSi/MgO/CoFe magnetic tunnel junctions (2009)

Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect was investigated in Co2MnSi/CoFeB(0–2 nm)/MgO/CoFe magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). TMR ratio was enhanced by inserting a thin CoFeB layer at the Co2MnSi/MgO interface. The MTJ with CoFeB thickness of 0.5 nm exhibited the highest TMR ratio. From the conductance-voltage measurements for the fabricated MTJs, we infer that the highly spin polarized electron created in Co2MnSi can conserve the polarization through the 0.5-nm-thick CoFeB layer. Furthermore, by insertion of the thin CoFeB layer, the temperature dependence of the TMR ratio was improved because of the suppression of the fluctuation of the magnetic moment at the Co2MnSi/MgO interface.
Influence of facet and posterior muscle degeneration on clinical results of lumbar total disc replacement: two-year follow-up. (2005)

This is the first study showing that a semiconstrained implant with a fixed posterior center of rotation can be implanted with grade 1 and 2 facet arthrosis with a good clinical outcome. This seems to confirm previous work showing that a posterior center of rotation lightens the load on the facets. This is also the first study to show a relationship between muscle fatty degeneration and clinical results since the greater the amount of fat, the less satisfactory the result. These promising midterm results must be confirmed by further studies.
Cover Picture: Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleobases and Nucleic Acids by Formamide in the Presence of Montmorillonites (ChemBioChem 11/2004) (2004)

The cover picture shows the synthesis of several components of nucleic acids in prebiotic conditions. Purine, N 9 ‐formylpurine, adenine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and several intermediates of the inosine pathway are obtained in “one‐pot” synthesis by heating a one‐carbon‐atom fragment, as simple as formamide, in the presence of Montmorillonite clays. The reactivity of the oligonucleotide backbone with formamide is also affected by Montmorillonites due to a modification of the rate of abstraction of the protons on the sugar moieties. Montmorillonites—so far considered as primitive enzymes mostly because of their catalytic function on the aldol condensation of formaldehyde into sugars—were in the position to play a protagonist role in origin‐of‐life scenarios. More details on this study by E. Di Mauro et al. can be found on p. 1558 ff
Eight Novel Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Loci Identified in Nontypeable Streptococcus suis Isolates (2015)

ABSTRACT Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs and may cause serious disease in humans. Serotyping is one of the important diagnostic tools and is used for the epidemiological study of S. suis . Nontypeable S. suis strains have been reported in many studies; however, the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis cps loci of nontypeable strains have not been analyzed. In this study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of cps loci in 78 nontypeable strains isolated from healthy pigs. Eight novel cps loci (NCLs) were found, and all of them were located between the orfZ-orfX region and the glf gene. All NCLs possess the wzy and wzx genes, strongly suggesting that the CPSs of these NCLs were synthesized using the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. The cps genes found in the 78 isolates were assigned to 96 homology groups (HGs), 55 of which were NCL specific. The encapsulation of the 78 isolates was also examined using transmission electron microscopy. Fifty-three isolates were found to have a capsule, and these were of varied thicknesses. Our data enhance our understanding of the cps gene cluster diversity of nontypeable S. suis strains and provide insight into the evolution of the S. suis capsular genes.
Modeling the importance of faces in natural images (2015)

In this work we study the varying importance of faces in images. Face importance is found to be affected by the size and number of faces present. We collected a dataset of 152 face images with faces in different size and number of faces. We conducted a crowdsourcing experiment where we asked people to label the important regions of the images. Analyzing the results from the experiment, we propose a simple face-importance model, which is a 2D Gaussian function, to quantitatively represent the influence of the size and number of faces on the perceived importance of faces. The face-importance model is then tested for the application of salient-object detection. For this application, we create a new salient-objects dataset, consisting of both face images and non-face images, and also through crowdsourcing we collect the ground truth. We demonstrate that our face-importance model helps us to better locate the important, thus salient, objects in the images and outperforms state-of-the-art salient-object detection algorithms.
High precision object segmentation and tracking for use in super resolution video reconstruction (2011)

Super resolution image reconstruction allows for the enhancement of images in a video sequence that is superior to the original pixel resolution of the imager. Difficulty arises when there are foreground objects that move differently than the background. A common example of this is a car in motion in a video. Given the common occurrence of such situations, super resolution reconstruction becomes non-trivial. One method for dealing with this is to segment out foreground objects and quantify their pixel motion differently. First we estimate local pixel motion using a standard block motion algorithm common to MPEG encoding. This is then combined with the image itself into a five dimensional mean-shift kernel density estimation based image segmentation with mixed motion and color image feature information. This results in a tight segmentation of objects in terms of both motion and visible image features. The next step is to combine segments into a single master object. Statistically common motion and proximity are used to merge segments into master objects. To account for inconsistencies that can arise when tracking objects, we compute statistics over the object and fit it with a generalized linear model. Using the Kullback-Leibler divergence, we have a metric for the goodness of the track for an object between frames.
Application of multitransforms for lossy image representation (1994)

The multitransform technique is applied for lossy image representation. The image is first divided into smaller non-overlapping subimages. Each subimage is resolved into two dimensional (2-D) subsignals, which are then compactly represented in a particular transform domain. This leads to an efficient representation of the subimage by superimposing the dominant coefficients corresponding to each subsignal. An adaptive algorithm in conjunction with an optimization strategy are developed to minimize the difference between the original and the reconstructed subimage. Extensive simulations verify that, for a given number of retained coefficients, the combination of the DCT and Haar transforms yields a more compact representation than using DCT or Haar alone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE GRANDISOL (1975)

Abstract Aus (‐)‐β‐Pinen erhält man das Pinanol (Ia), das über den Ester (Ib) in das Lactol (II) umgewandelt wird.
Increase of myocyte size following chronic subcutaneous administration of isoproterenol for 14 days (n = 7 for Gsα-DN-mice and n = 8 for wild type animals). (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Increase of myocyte size following chronic subcutaneous administration of isoproterenol for 14 days (n = 7 for Gsα-DN-mice and n = 8 for wild type animals).&lt;/p&gt;
Growth, Characterization and Application of KTN Family Nonlinear Optical Crystals. (1994)

Abstract : We have recently grown KLTN:(Cu, Ni, Ni/Ti) and SBT crystals and characterized their nonlinear-optical properties. The growth of these high quality crystals is a result of recent improvements in the crystal growth system; namely, improved flux uniformity and higher operating temperature. These and other materials have been characterized for application to holographic data storage and quasi-phase matched second harmonic generation. In particular, the paraelectric KLTN materials doped with Ni exhibit an enhanced long wavelength sensitivity (> 600 nm), which is desirable for recording holograms with ubiquitous He-Ne or semiconductor lasers. Furthermore, we have discovered that dynamic ferroelectric domain gratings in addition to the more common electrooptic gratings are present in SBN, a close relative of SBT. This has important applications to permanent fixing of volume holograms and tunable quasi-phase matching. To complement this experimental work, we have also derived analytical expressions for the two beam coupling process which allows us to deduce photorefractive material parameters for these crystals. This balance of experimental and theoretical work has enabled us to continually develop new materials whose properties are optimized for nonlinear optical applications.
Study of effect modifiers of genetically predicted CETP reduction (2023)

Genetic variants in drug targets can be used to predict the long-term, on-target effect of drugs. Here, we extend this principle to assess how sex and body mass index may modify the effect of genetically predicted lower CETP levels on biomarkers and cardiovascular outcomes. We found sex and body mass index (BMI) to be modifiers of the association between genetically predicted lower CETP and lipid biomarkers in UK Biobank participants. Female sex and lower BMI were associated with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the same genetically predicted reduction in CETP concentration. We found that sex also modulated the effect of genetically lower CETP on cholesterol efflux capacity in samples from the Montreal Heart Institute Biobank. However, these modifying effects did not extend to sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes in our data. Our results provide insight into the clinical effects of CETP inhibitors in the presence of effect modification based on genetic data. The approach can support precision medicine applications and help assess the external validity of clinical trials.
Defining the role of syndecan-4 in mechanotransduction using surface-modification approaches (2009)

The ability of cells to respond to external mechanical stimulation is a complex and robust process involving a diversity of molecular interactions. Although mechanotransduction has been heavily studied, many questions remain regarding the link between physical stimulation and biochemical response. Of significant interest has been the contribution of the transmembrane proteins involved, and integrins in particular, because of their connectivity to both the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a mechanically based initiation molecule, syndecan-4. We first demonstrate the ability of syndecan-4 molecules to support cell attachment and spreading without the direct extracellular binding of integrins. We also examine the distribution of focal adhesion-associated proteins through controlling surface interactions of beads with molecular specificity in binding to living cells. Furthermore, after adhering cells to elastomeric membranes via syndecan-4-specific attachments we mechanically strained the cells via our mechanical stimulation and polymer surface chemical modification approach. We found ERK phosphorylation similar to that shown for mechanotransductive response for integrin-based cell attachments through our elastomeric membrane-based approach and optical magnetic twisting cytometry for syndecan-4. Finally, through the use of cytoskeletal disruption agents, this mechanical signaling was shown to be actin cytoskeleton dependent. We believe that these results will be of interest to a wide range of fields, including mechanotransduction, syndecan biology, and cell-material interactions.
Influence of temperature processing on the microstructure and hardness of the 420 stainless steel produced by hot pressing (2022)

In this study, samples of 420 stainless steel were obtained by hot pressing from powder at temperatures from 1,100 to 1,200°C. The aim was to explore the influence of the processing temperature on their grain size, microstructure, densification and mechanical properties. The results showed that it is possible to produce dense samples at these sintering temperatures. The sintering temperature influenced the density, grain size, structural phases, and hardness of the samples. Martensite and austenite were present in the samples sintered at 1,100, 1,150, and 1,180°C. Precipitation of Cr23C6 was observed after sintering at 1,200°C. This sample was the one with the highest density (99.7% densification) and hardness (771.9 HV).
Azalea Phylogeny Reconstructed by Means of Molecular Techniques (2009)

Plants belonging to the Rhododendron subgenera Pentanthera (deciduous) and Tsutsusi and Azaleastrum (evergreen) are called azaleas. Concerning their mutual phylogenetic positions, the Pentanthera subgenus is closer to evergreen rhododendrons (subgenera Rhododendron and Hymenanthes) than to the Tsutsusi subgenus. Both azalea types are important ornamentals with a long breeding tradition. Different hybrid groups are often named after the supposed principal ancestor species. Molecular techniques for phylogenetic and kinship research have been evaluated to a great extent. First, some studies using comparative gene sequencing are presented; this approach was then widened to the use of molecular markers to reveal more detailed genetic relationships. Finally, the use of candidate genes as functional markers for the assessment of genetic diversity is presented. This opens new research lines to the genetic mapping of plant traits and azalea genomics.
10-Gb/s external modulation in optical CPFSK format (2006)

We demonstrated a synchronous control technique for external optical modulation in a format of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) at 10 Gb/s. In this method, the FSK signal in the upper- or lower-sideband state synchronously shifts to the other state at the timing when their phases are the same. We investigated the accuracy of the timing control required for the synchronous control. Experimental results show that the allowable timing misalignment to keep power penalty of the receiver sensitivity less than 1 dB was more than 25 ps, 25% of each bit period.
A Comparison of Ion Implantation at Room Temperature and Heated Ion Implantation on the Body Diode Degradation of Commercial 3.3 kV 4H-SiC Power MOSFETs (2022)

It has been demonstrated that basal plane dislocations (BPDs)-induced stacking faults (SFs) cause body diode degradation in commercial 4H-SiC power MOSFETs, especially with higher voltage ratings. BPDs originate from 4H-SiC boule, epi growth, and ion implantation. Considering the lower cost of ion implantation at room temperature (RT), this work investigates the potential of RT ion implantation replacing heated (HT) ion implantation by comparing the influence of both ion implantations on the body diode degradation of commercial 3.3 kV 4H-SiC power MOSFETs. We demonstrate with long-term (up to 1000 hours) forward current stress that RT implantation can keep the body diode degradation of 3.3 kV 4H-SiC power MOSFETs within the specification limits compared with HT implantation.