gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophils Are Critical for Myelin Removal in a Peripheral Nerve Injury Model of Wallerian Degeneration (2017)

Wallerian degeneration (WD) is considered an essential preparatory stage to the process of axonal regeneration. In the peripheral nervous system, infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages, which use the chemokine receptor CCR2 to gain entry to injured tissues from the bloodstream, are purportedly necessary for efficient WD. However, our laboratory has previously reported that myelin clearance in the injured sciatic nerve proceeds unhindered in the <i>Ccr2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mouse model. Here, we extensively characterize WD in male <i>Ccr2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice and identify a compensatory mechanism of WD that is facilitated primarily by neutrophils. In response to the loss of CCR2, injured <i>Ccr2</i><sup>-/-</sup> sciatic nerves demonstrate prolonged expression of neutrophil chemokines, a concomitant extended increase in the accumulation of neutrophils in the nerve, and elevated phagocytosis by neutrophils. Neutrophil depletion substantially inhibits myelin clearance after nerve injury in both male WT and <i>Ccr2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, highlighting a novel role for these cells in peripheral nerve degeneration that spans genotypes.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The accepted view in the basic and clinical neurosciences is that the clearance of axonal and myelin debris after a nerve injury is directed primarily by inflammatory CCR2<sup>+</sup> macrophages. However, we demonstrate that this clearance is nearly identical in WT and <i>Ccr2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, and that neutrophils replace CCR2<sup>+</sup> macrophages as the primary phagocytic cell. We find that neutrophils play a major role in myelin clearance not only in <i>Ccr2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice but also in WT mice, highlighting their necessity during nerve degeneration in the peripheral nervous system. These degeneration studies may propel improvements in nerve regeneration and draw critical parallels to mechanisms of nerve degeneration and regeneration in the CNS and in the context of peripheral neuropathies.
Parametric Studies for Combined Convective and Conductive Heat Transfer for YASA Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (2018)

In this paper, the effect of some geometrical parameters on the steady state average temperature of the stator core, the winding and the permanent magnets of the yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPMSM) is studied. The geometrical parameters selected for the study are the air gap length, the inward heat extraction fin thickness and the permanent magnet thickness. These parametric studies make it possible to obtain a better trade-off between power density and efficiency. These investigations are very helpful in correlating the values of the geometrical parameters to some specific desired performance criteria like not going below some desired minimum efficiency, limiting the temperature of specific part to some maximum value for maximization of lifetime and also determination of the allowed speed range to limit the temperatures lower than the critical values. This is important specifically for the synchronous machines due to the fact that the speed value affects both the losses and the heat transfer convection coefficients. The air gap length has a direct effect on the overall machine losses and the air gap convection coefficient and hence on the temperature of the machine. As the fins are between the stator windings, a thicker fin reduces the space for copper windings and hence increases the losses, but at the same time improves heat evacuation. In addition, the effect on the temperature is studied of the speed variation, which influences both the losses and the convection coefficients of the machine. Every study is made based on coupled electromagnetic and thermal models. The results are obtained from analytical electromagnetic and thermal models verified by finite element simulations and validated experimentally on a 4 kW yokeless and segmented armature axial flux machine.
Vibration Analysis of a Coupled Multibody Dynamic Model of a Contact Mechanics Roller Rig (2016)

This study develops a detailed multi-body dynamic model of the Virginia Tech Roller Rig (VTRR) using multi body simulation software package SIMPACK. The Virginia Tech Roller Rig, a single-wheel roller rig with vertical plane roller configuration, is a state of the art testing fixture for experimental investigation of wheel-rail contact mechanics and dynamics. In order to have a better understanding of the dynamics at the contact, dynamic behavior and interaction of various components and subsystems of the rig need to be understood. In addition, it is essential to make sure that the measurements are only due to particular subject of study and not any intermittent source of disturbance. Any unwanted vibration at the contact needs to be compensated in the data measurements. To this end, a fully detailed model of the rig including all the components is developed in SIMPACK. The coupled multibody dynamic model represents all the major components of the rig and their interactions. The multibody dynamic model is employed for conducting noise, vibration, harshness (NVH) analysis of the rig. An Eigenvalue analysis provides the modal frequencies and mode shapes of the system. The modal analysis predicts the first natural frequency of the rig to be approximately 70 Hz, providing a relatively high bandwidth for evaluating the dynamics at the wheel-rail interface. Only dynamic that could have higher frequencies than the rig’s bandwidth is wheel-rail squeal. The model is also used to evaluate the performance of the contact force measurement system designed for the rig. The results show that the contact forces can be estimated precisely using the force measurement system.
Dual-comb spectroscopy in the spectral fingerprint region using OPGaP optical parametric oscillators (2017)

Infrared spectroscopy in the spectral fingerprint region from 6-12 µm accesses the largest molecular absorption cross-sections, permitting sensitive, quantitative and species-specific measurements.Here, we show how dual-comb spectroscopy-a form of high-speed Fourier-
AirPlanes (2020)

There is growing interest in using augmented reality technology for gaming, navigation, and remote communication. Although 3D space models can be made manually or digitalized using specialized and expensive sensing devices like LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), which are costly and time-consuming, the recently developed ARCore for Android and ARkit for iOS are convenient and quick means of developing AR applications. Their recognition performance is poor for flat and monotone walls. This drawback is significant because most walls in indoor environments are flat and only a small portion of them are colorful enough to detect feature points.
Advanced, Non-Toxic, Anti-Corrosion, Anti-Fouling and Foul-Release Coatings Based on Covalently Attached Monolayers, Multilayers and Polymers (2007)

Abstract : This report describes 7 publications that led from this grant: Buried Interface Modification Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Controlled Growth of Silicon Dioxide from Nanoholes in Silicon-Supported Tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl Monolayers, Adsorption of Poly(vinyl alcohol) onto Hydrophobic Substrates (2 papers), A General Approach for Hydrophilizing and Chemically Activating Surfaces, Chemical Surface Modification of Poly(p-xylylene) Thin-Films, Nylon Surface Modification (2 papers).
Outcomes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy treated with ranibizumab monotherapy (2013)

We read with interest the article by Hikichi et al 1 describing the 2-year outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy for the treatment of patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). The authors reported significant improvement in visual acuity compared with baseline for both the first and second years, and a corresponding decrease in the mean foveal thickness measured on optical coherence tomography.

While these results are indeed encouraging, we feel that it is important to discuss the frequency of polyp regression and its implications on the long-term prognosis of patients with PCV. In the current study, the proportion of eyes in which no polypoidal lesions were detected on indocyanine green angiography was 40% 1 year after the first injection and …
Experimental Study of Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop inside a Small Diameter Microfin and Smooth Tube at Low Mass Flux Condition (2018)

This study was made to investigate the condensation local heat transfer and adiabatic pressure drop of R134a inside a 2.5 mm outside diameter smooth and microfin tube at low mass flux condition. Data were measured for mass fluxes from 50 to 300 kg m−2s−1, vapor qualities from 0 to 1 and saturation temperatures from 20 to 30 °C. The effects of mass flux, vapor quality, saturation temperature, microfin and diameter of test tube were analyzed. The pressure drop of the microfin tube was about 1.5 times higher than that of the smooth tube at mass flux 50 kg m−2s−1. The heat transfer coefficient of the microfin tube was about 2–5 times higher than that of the smooth tube at mass flux 100 kg m−2s−1. Experimental results were also compared with typical correlations. For the microfin tube, however, all the existing correlations do not adequately predict the present data. Poor predictions may be attributed to the lack of the small diameter microfin tube with low mass flux data in their database. Hence, it is essential to develop a condensation and pressure drop correlation for the small diameter microfin tube at low mass flux condition.
Influence of the glass–ceramic synthesis route on the ionic conductivity of the sodium solid electrolyte Na<sub>2</sub>O–Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> (NYS) (2018)

ter performance than this. For such a SE, a glass-ceramic synthesis route (GCSR) is particularly suitable, because this --12 microstructure of the SE, in particular the realization of a -
Detecting Pupil and Corneal Reflection under Intense Illumination (2010)

The movement of the pupils and corneal reflections from the video camera images that capture the entire human face is very important to develop systems for precisely and remotely detecting eye-gaze. However, doing this was difficult under intense illumination when using the conventional method because the pupil becomes small. This decreases the brightness of the pupil brightness. In our method, bright and dark pupil images and their corresponding non-lighting images are consecutively obtained while turning two light sources on and off. Using the divided and multiplied images of the bright and dark pupil images differentiated by the non-lighting images enables the pupil and corneal reflection, as well as the face, to be detected more sensitively. This means that a detection with no defects around the eyes can be extracted. The proposed methods showed better experimental results under the intense illumination than the conventional method did.
Control of Networked Multiagent Systems with Uncertain Graph Topologies (2015)

Multiagent systems consist of agents that locally exchange information through a physical network subject to a graph topology. Current control methods for networked multiagent systems assume the knowledge of graph topologies in order to design distributed control laws for achieving desired global system behaviors. However, this assumption may not be valid for situations where graph topologies are subject to uncertainties either due to changes in the physical network or the presence of modeling errors especially for multiagent systems involving a large number of interacting agents. Motivating from this standpoint, this paper studies distributed control of networked multiagent systems with uncertain graph topologies. The proposed framework involves a controller architecture that has an ability to adapt its feed- back gains in response to system variations. Specifically, we analytically show that the proposed controller drives the trajectories of a networked multiagent system subject to a graph topology with time-varying uncertainties to a close neighborhood of the trajectories of a given reference model having a desired graph topology. As a special case, we also show that a networked multi-agent system subject to a graph topology with constant uncertainties asymptotically converges to the trajectories of a given reference model. Although the main result of this paper is presented in the context of average consensus problem, the proposed framework can be used for many other problems related to networked multiagent systems with uncertain graph topologies.
Au/TiN/WSi-gate self-aligned GaAs MESFETs using rapid thermal annealing method (1985)

Au/TiN/WSi-gate self-aligned GaAs MESFETs were fabricated using the rapid thermal annealing method to reduce the gate resistance of the FETs. The gate resistance Rg was 4.2 Ω (Lg=1.5 μm, Wg=400 μm), just 1/20 of that of the WSi-gate FET. The maximum frequency of oscillation fmax of the Au/TiN/WSi-gate FETs was improved to be about twice that of WSi-gate FETs.
Ultralow-Power Radio Frequency Beamformer Using Transmission-Line Transformers and Tunable Passives (2019)

A simple, low-loss technique for radio frequency (RF) beamforming is realized by serially combining the antennas in an array using transmission-line transformers (without magnetic components) incorporated into the feed line and a programmable admittance placed in shunt across each antenna's feed port. Utilizing the feed structure for signal combining eliminates the need for additional RF combining structures. Furthermore, taking advantage of the symmetry inherent in a phased array, we propose a new method for passive phase shifting that only requires one tunable element per antenna. The beamformer, which requires zero active power, is demonstrated on an FR4 printed circuit board with a linear, two-element, array of half-wave dipoles at 2.05 GHz using a digitally tunable capacitor as the programmable admittance. A loss in array gain of 1.07 dB is realized when compared to an identical array with ideal phase combining.
Exchange-Driven Spin Relaxation in Ferromagnet-Oxide-Semiconductor Heterostructures (2016)

We demonstrate that electron spin relaxation in GaAs in the proximity of a Fe/MgO layer is dominated by interaction with an exchange-driven hyperfine field at temperatures below 60 K. Temperature-dependent spin-resolved optical pump-probe spectroscopy reveals a strong correlation of the electron spin relaxation with carrier freeze-out, in quantitative agreement with a theoretical interpretation that at low temperatures the free-carrier spin lifetime is dominated by inhomogeneity in the local hyperfine field due to carrier localization. As the regime of large nuclear inhomogeneity is accessible in these heterostructures for magnetic fields <3 kG, inferences from this result resolve a long-standing and contentious dispute concerning the origin of spin relaxation in GaAs at low temperature when a magnetic field is present. Further, this improved fundamental understanding clarifies the importance of future experiments probing the time-dependent exchange interaction at a ferromagnet-semiconductor interface and its consequences for spin dissipation and transport during spin pumping.
Intra- and extracranial revascularization and intraspinal pathology (2000)

1 Anatomy 2 Approaches 3 Bypasses and Reconstruction 4 Endarterectomies, Decompressions, and Endovascular Therapy 5 Intraspinal Tumors and Cysts 6 Spinal Vascular Malformations 7 Functional Procedures
Crystal-like Symmetric Sensor Arrangements for Blind Decorrelation of Isotropic Wavefield (2010)

Sensor array technique has been widely used for measuring various types of wavefields such as acoustic waves, mechanical vibrations, and electromagnetic waves (1). A common goal of array signal processing is estimating locations of sources or separating source signals based on multiple observations. For obtaining efficient spatial information, the geometrical arrangement of sensors is one of the significant issues in this field. An uniform linear array is the most popular and fundamental one (2; 3), and suiting with purposes, various types of arrays have been considered such as circular, planar, cross-shaped, cylindrical, and spherical arrays. In this chapter, we discuss the sensor arrangements from a new viewpoint: correlation between channels. Generally, multiply-observed signals have correlation each other, and it becomes larger especially in a small-sized array. In the case, observed signals themselves are not efficient representation due to redundancy between channels. Although they are uncorrelated by appropriate basis transformation, which is corresponding to the diagonalization of the covariance matrix, it depends on the observed wavefield. However, in isotropic wavefield, there exist special geometrical sensor arrangements, and observed signals by them are commonly uncorrelated by a fixed basis transform. The significances of isotropic wavefield decorrelation are as follows.
A study of photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity of as-synthesized WO3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts for AO7 degradation (2019)

Herein, we have examined the effect of tungsten trioxide (WO3) doping in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts towards photodegradation of organic pollutant in aqueous medium. A sequence of visible light driven WO3/g-C3N4 composites were synthesized at various mole ratios (1, 2, 3 and 5%) of WO3 into g-C3N4 via simple and short-time wet-impregnation method. The fabricated photocatalytic materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic performance of the fabricated photocatalysts were assessed by the degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7) in visible-light illumination. The WO3/g-C3N4 composites were found to be exhibit an improved visible-light induced photocatalytic performances compared to the pure WO3 and g-C3N4. However, among the different composites, the optimized 3 wt% WO3/g-C3N4 composite has shown complete (100%) degradation efficiency of AO7 after 75 min which is superior than the pure g-C3N4. This synergistic enhancement might be credited to its increased light absorption in visible-light region and the photoexcited electron transfer from g-C3N4 to WO3 catalyst surface and enhanced charge separation efficiency. Additionally, the photo-electrochemical measurements of 3 wt% WO3/g-C3N4 composite has exhibited a quicker migration of the photo-excited charge-carriers. The radical scavenging studies inferred that the O2− are the key species accountable for the degradation of AO7 for fabricated WO3/g-C3N4 composite materials. Hence, the higher photocatalytic activity, long-term stability and recyclability of WO3/g-C3N4 composite has displayed it is a auspicious material for the photocatlytic degradation of organic contaminant applications.
Oral Administration of Heat-Killed Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809 Reduces Cedar Pollen Antigen-Induced Peritoneal Eosinophilia in Mice (2008)

We demonstrated that the oral administration of heat-killed L. gasseri OLL2809 suppresses eosinophilia via the modulation of Th1/Th2 balance. These observations suggested that heat-killed L. gasseri OLL2809 might potentially ameliorate the increased number of eosinophils in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis.
Radiation chemistry in solvent extraction: FY2010 Research (2010)

This report summarizes work accomplished under the Fuel Cycle Research and Development (FCR&D) program in the area of radiation chemistry during FY 2010. The tasks assigned during FY 2010 included: • Development of techniques to measure free radical reaction kinetics in the organic phase. • Initiation of an alpha-radiolysis program • Initiation of an effort to understand dose rate effects in radiation chemistry • Continued work to characterize TALSPEAK radiation chemistry Progress made on each of these tasks is reported here. Briefly, a method was developed and used to measure the kinetics of the reactions of the •NO3 radical with solvent extraction ligands in organic solution, and the method to measure •OH radical reactions under the same conditions has been designed. Rate constants for the CMPO and DMDOHEMA reaction with •NO3 radical in organic solution are reported. Alpha-radiolysis was initiated on samples of DMDOHEMA in alkane solution using He ion beam irradiation and 211At isotope irradiation. The samples are currently being analyzed for comparison to DMDOHEMA ?-irradiations using a custom-developed mass spectrometric method. Results are also reported for the radiolytic generation of nitrous acid, in ?-irradiated nitric acid. It is shown that the yield of nitrous acid is unaffected by an order-of-magnitude change in dose rate. Finally, recent results for TALSPEAK radiolysis are reported, summarizing the effects on solvent extraction efficiency due to HDEHP irradiation, and the stable products of lactic acid and DTPA irradiation. In addition, results representing increased scope are presented for the radiation chemistry program. These include an investigation of the effect of metal complexation on radical reaction kinetics using DTPA as an example, and the production of a manuscript reporting the mechanism of Cs-7SB radiolysis. The Cs-7SB work takes advantage of recent results from a current LDRD program to understand the fundamental chemistry of nitration under radiolysis conditions. Finally, work toward understanding the chemistry of irradiated formic acid is presented. This is important because all organic compounds eventually produce formic acid under long-term irradiation.
Activation of Galectin-1 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma involves methylation-sensitive complex formations at the transcriptional upstream and downstream elements (2003)

The expression of Galectin-1 (Gal-1) mRNA was activated in primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) compared to matched non-tumorous liver tissues. To elucidate the mechanism of Gal-1 activation in HCC cells, DNA methylation encompassing the transcriptional start site (-165/+151) was examined. Among 12 CpG dinucleotides on both DNA strands, those at positions -116, -109, -52, -41, -36, +35 and +43 were preferentially methylated in non-tumorous liver tissue, while hypomethylated in the matched HCC tissue. Transient transfection of a series of deleted GAL-1 promoters revealed that both an upstream (-57/-31) and a downstream (+10/+57) elements accounted for efficient promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay of the upstream element (-63/-30) using nuclear extracts from three HCC cell lines (HLF, HuH7 and HepG2) and normal liver cells revealed at least two complexes (alpha and (beta) interacted with the upstream element in all of the nuclear extracts. Competition experiments revealed that the complex beta preferentially attached to the upstream element harboring unmethylated CpGs. On the other hand, at least three complexes (I, II and III) interacted with the downstream element in all of the nuclear extracts. Competition experiments revealed that complex I specifically attached to the downstream element harboring unmethylated CpG at +35. Furthermore, a DNase I protection assay revealed that a methylation-associated conformational alteration occurred near the CpG site at +35 in HLF cells. Thus, the specific interaction of methylation-sensitive factors to the upstream and downstream elements may be essential for the activation of the Gal-1 gene in HCC cells.
Femtosecond probing of bimolecular reactions: The collision complex (1991)

Progress has been made in probing the femtosecond&#13;\ndynamics of transition states of chemical reactions.(1) The&#13;\n"half-collision" case of unimolecular reactions has been&#13;\nexperimentally investigated for a number of systems and&#13;\nmuch theoretical work has already been developed.(2) For&#13;\nbimolecular reactions, the case of full collision, the zero of&#13;\ntime is a problem which makes the femtosecond temporal&#13;\nresolution of the dynamics a difficult task.