gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cu-Cu Bonding Alternative to Solder based Micro-Bumping (2007)

High strength Cu-Cu thermo-compression bonds have been obtained at temperatures as low as 210°C. The bonded Cu surfaces were prepared by diamond bit cutting from electroplated structures. The electrical yield of bump chains depends on bonding temperature and bump size. At bonding temperatures of 300°C and over, bumps of 15 and of 20 μm diameter are bonded with high yield. Below 300°C, the yield decreases strongly for the larger bumps. However, chains made up of 15 μm bumps show high yield when bonded at 250 or 230°C, and still show 70% yield when bonded at 210°C. The electrical resistance of the bonded interface was too small to be determined separately. In shear testing, failure of the bumps does not occur at the bonded interface but after strong plastic deformation or as delamination of another interface.
Enhanced Fluorescence Images for Labeled Cells on Silver Island Films (2008)

Silver island films (SIFs) were deposited on glass substrates to serve as supports. T-Lymphocytic (PM1) cell lines were labeled by Alexa Fluor 680-dextran conjugates on the membranes or by YOYO in the nuclei. The fluorescence images of the cell lines were recorded in the emission intensity and lifetime using scanning confocal microscopy. The fluorescence signals by the fluorophores bound on the cell membranes were enhanced significantly by SIF supports as compared with those on the glass. In addition to the increase in the intensity, there was a dramatic shortening of the emission lifetime. In contrast to the Alexa Fluor 680 fluorophores on the membranes, the YOYO fluorophores intercalated in the cell nuclei were not influenced significantly by the silver islands. This result can be interpreted by an effect of the distance on coupling between the fluorophores and metal particles: the fluorophores on the cell membranes are localized within, but the fluorophores in the cell nuclei are beyond the region of metal-enhanced fluorescence. Thus, the metal supports can be used to improve the detection sensitivity for target molecules on cell surfaces when they are fluorescently labeled.
Figure S5 from Genomic and Epigenomic Landscaping Defines New Therapeutic Targets for Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Pancreas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Focal amplicons in ASCP genomes. The CNV profiles of A) A129 and B) PAX232 included focal high level (log2 ratio &gt;2) amplicons that targeted the TLK2 and the ASH2L loci respectively. The X and Y axes in the CGH plots represent chromosome and log2 ratios for each genome. Red shaded areas denote homozygous deletions.&lt;/p&gt;
Exploring Non-Reversing Magic Mirrors for Screen-Based Augmented Reality\n Systems (2016)

Screen-based Augmented Reality (AR) systems can be built as a window into the\nreal world as often done in mobile AR applications or using the Magic Mirror\nmetaphor, where users can see themselves with augmented graphics on a large\ndisplay. Such Magic Mirror systems have been used in digital clothing\nenvironments to create virtual dressing rooms, to teach human anatomy, and for\ncollaborative design tasks. The term Magic Mirror implies that the display\nshows the users enantiomorph, i.e. the mirror image, such that the system\nmimics a real-world physical mirror. However, the question arises whether one\nshould design a traditional mirror, or instead display the true mirror image by\nmeans of a non-reversing mirror? This is an intriguing perceptual question, as\nthe image one observes in a mirror is not a real view, as it would be seen by\nan external observer, but a reflection, i.e. a front-to-back reversed image. In\nthis paper, we discuss the perceptual differences between these two mirror\nvisualization concepts and present a first comparative study in the context of\nMagic Mirror anatomy teaching. We investigate the ability of users to identify\nthe correct placement of virtual anatomical structures in our screen-based AR\nsystem for two conditions: a regular mirror and a non-reversing mirror setup.\nThe results of our study indicate that the latter is more suitable for\napplications where previously acquired domain-specific knowledge plays an\nimportant role. The lessons learned open up new research directions in the\nfields of user interfaces and interaction in non-reversing mirror environments\nand could impact the implementation of general screen-based AR systems in other\ndomains.\n
Chronology of Erectile Function in Patients with Early Functional Erections Following Radical Prostatectomy (2009)

The recovery of functional erections in the early postoperative phase, especially without the need for PDE5i, is a good prognostic indicator for EF at 12 months. However, a distinct cohort of men lose functional erections within 6 months after surgery. It is important to inform patients of this possibility, as it has an impact on their QOL and, potentially, on their compliance with post-RP therapy for ED.
Sustainable Bioenergy Bioprocessing: Biomethane Production, Digestate as Biofertilizer and as Supplemental Feed in Algae Cultivation to Promote Algae Biofuel Commercialization (2010)

In this study we developed and tested a sustainable system that produces high-yield outputs of biomethane, biofertilizer and biodiesel. These were achieved by blending of poultry manure (PM), paper pulp and algae waste sludge in co-digestion producing biomethane, digestate fi ltrated to get semi-solid and aqueous, the former as biofertilizer and latter was used in algal cultivation to enhance algal biomass for biodiesel production. The varied blending of the substrates resulted in carbon/nitrogen ratios (C/N) of 26, 30, 31, 34 and 37 which were assessed for biomethane. C/N 26 resulted in 1045 ml/L/d (74% biomethane content) which was highest yield comparing to other C/N, C/N 30 achieved in similar (1010 ml/L/d) making the C/N range for optimum biomethane for these substrates to range between C/N 26 to 30. In comparison, C/N 31 to 37 achieved lower biomethane yields indicating. Pretreatments of the digestate improve the yields of biomethane in C/N 26 and 30 signifi cantly. We assessed all the digestates from each of the C/N 26,30,31,34 and 37 based on nitrogen mineralization and found C/N 26 to 31 as being nutrients-rich. We fi ltered the digestate and used in algal supplemental feed and also found that glucose depletion was linearly depleted (as suffi ciently used in cell growth) lowest with the nutrients-rich that is C/N 26 to 30.As expected, digestates from C/N 34 and 37 in singleaddition failed to yield comparable algal yields then yields from C/N 26, 30 and 31 digestates at 120 h that achieved dry cell weight (DCW) of 7.72, 7.8 and 7.12 g/L respectively. To improve alga biomass yield and enhance cellular lipid content and its fi nal yield, we investigated two-stage supplemental feeding strategy using digestates from C/N 26 and 30. Based on cultivation 'without' digestate that showed growth phases, we added digestate at lag-exponential (0-120 h) and stationary (120-180 h) phases. The supplemental feeding resulted in rapid glucose depletion achieving 9 g/L at 120 and reaching lipid yield 3.77 g/L after 180 h. Based on this study, it is conceivable that a circular system using the biowastes discussed or those of the similar nature can develop and constitute a self-supporting sustainable system from waste treatment, biogas to algal biofuel opportunities. The simple approach taken in algal cultivation under the condition studied further showed that microalgae biofuel can be easily promoted and commercialized as a revenue generating back-yard entity for housewhole. The way-forward for microalgae biofuel is to attract and make more population as a fun art.
Coordinated observations of two large Leonid meteor fireballs over northern New Mexico, and computer model comparisons (1999)

Abstract— This paper describes the coordinated results of several sets of measurements of two Leonid meteor fireballs over northern New Mexico at 1:32 and 3:06 MST, respectively, on the night of 1998 November 17. The measurements included visible band photometry on both events, as well as filtered 5890 Å all‐sky images of the Na airglow. Also, for the 3:06 a.m. event, we obtained an infrasound measurement of the hydrodynamic yield. For the 1:32 a.m. event, we obtained a set of visible band charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera images of the meteor train for times extending to 30 min after the initial impact. The measurement results have been combined to derive an optical efficiency for the intense early‐time optical flash, and the total explosion yields and masses for both of the meteors. We have also done a set of numerical radiation, hydrodynamic, and chemistry computations to investigate the nature and distribution of the long‐lasting airglow. We attribute the brightest visible airglow to atomic O 5577 Å line emission, with additional contributions from atomic Na emission and NO 2 chemiluminescence. The near‐infrared atmospheric bands of molecular O 2 should be very strong as well. All of the band emissions are expected to show a hollow limb‐brightened structure.
Timing of floral evocation in the grapevine (<scp><i>Vitis vinifera</i></scp>L. cv. Chardonnay) is identified by cyto‐histological changes in the vegetative shoot apical meristem (2019)

Background and Aims The grapevine floral development pathway commences in early spring with floral evocation in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of the sylleptic latent bud. Grapevine floral evocation is defined as the irreversible biochemical and cellular changes in the SAM, which commit the plant to the subsequent formation of flowers. These changes are induced by non-leaf derived stimuli acting directly on the SAM. The timing of floral evocation, however, between budburst and floral initiation, is unknown. The aims of this study were: (i) to establish a precise timing for floral evocation; and (ii) to identify reliable reproducible markers for floral evocation. Methods and Results Sylleptic primary latent buds of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay were harvested at 9 am and 5 pm daily, from budburst to 5 days after floral initiation. The SAMs were examined first by stereomicroscope dissection to determine the timing of floral initiation, and then by histological sectioning of those SAMs with nil floral initiation, to determine the timing of floral evocation. Floral initiation occurred 43 days after budburst. A classic cyto-histological zonation pattern of three regions was observed in all vegetative SAMs up to floral evocation, which occurred 32 h prior to floral initiation. At floral evocation, a ‘mantle over core’ cyto-histological zonation pattern of two regions was observed. Conclusions The precise timing of floral evocation has been identified and reliable markers for evocation described. Significance of the Study Targeted transcriptomic analysis of the pre-evocation SAM, to investigate the cohort of genes controlling floral evocation, can now be readily undertaken.
A DAQM-Based Load Balancing Scheme for High Performance Computing Platforms (2017)

This paper addresses the load balancing problem, which is one of the key issues in high-performance computing (HPC) platforms. A novel method, called decentralized active queue management (DAQM), is proposed to provide a fair task distribution in a heterogeneous computing environment for HPC platforms. An implementation of the DAQM is presented, which consists of an ON-OFF queue control and a utility maximization-based coordination scheme. The stability of the queue control scheme and the convergence of the algorithm for utility maximization have been assessed by rigorous analysis. To demonstrate the performance of the developed queueing control system, numerical simulations are carried out and the obtained results confirm the efficiency and viability of the developed scheme.
Activation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity by a Recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus Strain Expressing an NKG2D Ligand (2016)

Development of an effective vaccine against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a need of utmost medical importance. Generally, it is believed that a live attenuated vaccine would best provide protective immunity against this tenacious pathogen. Here, we propose a strategy for an HCMV vaccine that aims at the simultaneous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. An HCMV strain expressing the host ligand ULBP2 for the NKG2D receptor was found to be susceptible to control by natural killer (NK) cells, and preserved the ability to stimulate HCMV-specific T cells. Infection with the ULBP2-expressing HCMV strain caused diminished cell surface levels of MHC class I molecules. While expression of the NKG2D ligand increased the cytolytic activity of NK cells, NKG2D engagement in CD8+ T cells provided co-stimulation and compensated for lower MHC class I expression. Altogether, our data indicate that triggering of both arms of the immune system is a promising approach applicable to the generation of a live attenuated HCMV vaccine.
An observational, prospective study on surgical treatment of secondary mitral regurgitation: The SMR study. Rationale, purposes, and protocol (2020)

The natural history of secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) is unfavorable. Nevertheless, there are no evidence that its correction can improve the outcome. If from one side the original cause of secondary MR can be such to limit the possibilities of improvement, from the other side it is possible that the surgical technique widely applied to repair, restrictive mitral annuloplasty, is not adequate to correct the regurgitation. The addition of valvular and/or subvalvular techniques has been considered a possible technical solution. However, we do not know the prevalence of each technique, how many times mitral replacement is used to correct secondary MR. This aspect is of particular importance, as we know that a successful mitral repair causes a better left ventricular systolic remodeling than a unsuccessful repair or replacement. This study is a prospective, observational registry, conceived to understand what is done in the real world. Any surgeon will use the technique he thinks the most suitable for the patient. Every year, for 5 years, patients will have a clinical and echocardiographic follow-up, to evaluate the risk factors for a worse result (death, rehospitalization for heart failure, reoperation for MR return, moderate, or more MR return). This knowledge will give us the possibility to understand which is the technique, or the strategy, more efficient to treat this disease and the real efficacy of the surgical treatment.
Evidence for Chronic Inflammation as a Component of the Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (1985)

Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) is a generalized disorder characterized by fibrosis of many organs including the lung parenchyma. Unlike most other interstitial disorders, traditional concepts of the interstitial lung disease associated with PSS have held it to be a "pure" fibrotic disorder without a significant inflammatory component. To directly evaluate whether an active alveolitis is associated with this disorder, patients with chronic interstitial lung disease and PSS were studied by open lung biopsy, gallium-67 scanning, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Histologic evaluation of the biopsies demonstrated that the interstitial fibrosis of PSS is clearly associated with the presence of macrophages, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, both in the interstitium and on the alveolar epithelial surface. Gallium-67 scans were positive in 77% of the patients, showing diffuse, primarily lower zone uptake, suggestive of active inflammation. Consistent with the histologic findings, bronchoalveolar lavage studies demonstrated a mild increase in the proportions of neutrophils and eosinophils with occasional increased numbers of lymphocytes. Importantly, alveolar macrophages from patients with PSS showed increased release of fibronectin and alveolar-macrophage-derived growth factor, mediators that together stimulate lung fibroblasts to proliferate, thus suggesting at least one mechanism modulating the lung fibrosis of these patients. Thus, evidence from several different points of view together demonstrates that the interstitial lung disease associated with PSS is associated with chronic inflammation in the local milieu, leading to the hypothesis that the inflammation plays some role in the derangements to the alveolar structures that characterize this disorder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Power Distribution Failure Analysis Using Transition-Delay Fault Patterns (2008)

Power distribution networks (PDNs) have been a vital part of modern designs. However, scaling technologies have increased the likelihood of defects in the PDN that may affect yield, escape, and reliability. Failure analysis is particularly difficult since there is no direct access to the PDN as there is to the design logic. We present a flow that generates transition-delay fault patterns to target open defects on the PDN. The flow identifies regions that could be susceptible to open defects and generates patterns that will exercise those regions to increase the likelihood of a timing failure should a defect exist in the PDN.
Bis(4′‐dibutylaminostyryl)benzene: Spectroscopic Behavior upon Protonation or Methylation (2009)

We have investigated the UV/Vis absorption and emission of 1,4-bis(4'-dibutylaminostyryl)benzene (1) upon protonation with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane and in acetonitrile. We find that 1 does not display significantly dynamic acidity in the excited state, that is, it is not a photoacid. Three protonation states of 1 were investigated, all of which, neutral, singly protonated, and bis-protonated, are fluorescent. As an isolable model for the mono-protonated species, a methylated derivative of 1 was prepared by reaction with methyl triflate. This species displays redshifted emission but similar absorption as the non-quaternized parent, 1. The strong observed emission of all three protonated states of 1 suggests that the kinetic photoacidity of 1* is low or absent. We assume that the lifetime of the excited state is too short to allow solvent reorganization and therefore we cannot make a statement on the thermodynamic photoacidity of the protonated forms of 1.
Coal liquefaction process streams characterization and evaluation: [sup 13]C-NMR analysis of CONSOL THF-soluble residual materials from the Wilsonville coal liquefaction process (1992)

This study demonstrated the feasibility of using CP/MAS [sup 13]C-NMR spectroscopy for the chemical structural examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. A set of twelve carbon skeletal-structure parameters and eight molecular structural descriptors were derived from the NMR data. The technique was used previously to determine these parameters for coal and char, and in the construction of a coal pyrolysis model. The method was applied successfully to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of eleven 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resids and one 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resid which contained ash and insoluble organic material (IOM). The results of this study demonstrate that this analytical method can provide data for construction of a model of direct coal liquefaction. Its further development and use is justified based on these results.
Multicompartmental Microcylinders (2009)

Abstract Farbenprächtige Säulen : Eine einfache und dabei skalierbare Methode zur Herstellung multikompartimentalisierter Mikrozylinder, bei denen innerer Aufbau, Seitenverhältnis und Oberfläche gezielt eingestellt werden können, nutzt elektrohydrodynamisches Spinnen und Mikroabtrennen. Die Kompartimente werden mithilfe verschiedenfarbiger Farbstoffe unterschieden (siehe CLSM‐Bilder; Maßstab: 10 μm). magnified image
Fat-Trees: Universal Networks for Hardware-Efficient Supercomputing. (1985)

The author presents a new class of universal routing networks, called fat-trees, which might be used to interconnect the processors of a general-purpose parallel supercomputer. A fat-tree routing network is parameterized not only in the number of processors, but also in the amount of simultaneous communication it can support. Since communication can be scaled independently from the number of processors, substantial hardware can be saved for such applications as finite-element analysis without resorting to a special-purpose architecture. It is proved that a fat-tree of a given size is nearly the best routing network of that size. This universality theorem is established using a three-dimensional VLSI model that incorporates wiring as a direct cost. In this model, hardware size is measured as physical volume. It is proved that for any given amount of communications hardware, a fat-tree built from that amount of hardware can stimulate every other network built from the same amount of hardware, using only slightly more time (a polylogarithmic factor greater).
Heightened resistance to type 1 interferons characterizes HIV-1 at transmission and following analytical treatment interruption (2020)

Abstract Type 1 interferons (IFN-I) are potent innate antiviral effectors that constrain HIV-1 transmission. However, harnessing these cytokines for HIV-1 cure strategies has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of their anti-viral activities at later stages of infection. Here, we characterized the IFN-I sensitivity of 500 clonally-derived HIV-1 isolates from plasma and CD4+ T cells of 26 individuals sampled longitudinally following transmission and/or after antiretroviral therapy (ART) and analytical treatment interruption (ATI). Determining the concentration of IFNα2 and IFNβ that reduced HIV-1 replication by 50% (IC 50 ), we found remarkably consistent changes in the sensitivity of viruses to IFN-I inhibition, both across individuals and over time. IFN-I resistance was uniformly high during acute infection, decreased in all subjects in the first year post-infection, was reacquired concomitant with CD4+ T cell loss, and remained elevated in subjects with accelerated disease. Isolates obtained by viral outgrowth during suppressive ART were relatively IFN-I sensitive, resembling viruses circulating just prior to ART initiation. However, viruses that rebounded following treatment interruption displayed the highest levels of IFNα2 and IFNβ resistance observed at any time during the infection course. These findings indicate a dynamic interplay between host innate immune responses and the evolving HIV-1 quasispecies, with the relative contribution of IFN-I to HIV-1 control impacted by both ART and ATI. Although elevated at transmission, IFN-mediated pressures are the highest during viral rebound, limiting the viruses that successfully reactivate from latency. One Sentence Summary HIV-1 resistance to IFN-I is highest during acute infection and following analytic treatment interruption, indicating a dynamic interplay between host innate immunity and virus biology.
Metallorganische Verbindungen der Lanthanoide, XXXIII [1] Dicyclopentadienyllanthanoid-alkyle und -hydride von Neodym, Samarium und Lutetium [2] / Organometallic Compounds of the Lanthanides, XXXIII [1] Dicyclopentadienyllanthanide Alkyls and Hydrides of Neodymium, Samarium and Lutetium [2] (1985)

Tricyclopentadienylneodymium and -lutetium react with sec-butyl lithium and terf-butyl lithium to form sec-butyl- and tert-butyl(dicyclopentadienyl)neodymium and -lutetium, which decompose to the corresponding dicyclopentadienyllanthanide hydride complexes. Dicyclopentadienyl-bis-(trimethylsilyl)methylsamarium and -lutetium are made from dicyclopentadienylsamarium or -lutetium chloride and bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl lithium. They react with hydrogen to form the corresponding dicyclopentadienyllanthanide hydride complexes.