gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic approach of the difference in non‐enzymatic hydrolysis rate between the <scp>L</scp> and <scp>D</scp> enantiomers of no‐carrier added 2‐[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoromethyl‐phenylalanine (2010)

Abstract No‐carrier added (n.c.a.) 2‐[ 18 F]fluoromethyl‐l‐phenylalanine was found to be very sensitive to hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. This problem was solved partially by the addition of calcium ions (0.04 M), increasing the shelf‐life to at least 6 h. In this paper the defluorination reaction was studied in detail to elucidate its mechanism. Therefore, L and D enantiomers of 2 ‐ [ 18 F]FMP and 4 ‐ [ 18 F]FMP were synthesized, as well as 2‐[ 18 F]fluoromethyl‐phenethylamine and 4‐[ 18 F]fluoromethyl‐phenethylamine, both decarboxylated ‘mimetic’ molecules of the amino acid analogues. Radiosynthesis, using a customized Scintomics automatic synthesis hot box three module, resulted in a high overall yield and a radiochemical purity of &gt;99%. The defluorination rates of all compounds were studied by HPLC. The L enantiomer of n.c.a 2 ‐ [ 18 F]FMP defluorinated seven times faster than the D enantiomer and 2‐[ 18 F]fluoromethyl‐phenethylamine. Both enantiomers of 4 ‐ [ 18 F]FMP and 4‐[ 18 F]fluoromethyl‐phenethylamine were stable. From these data, the reaction mechanism, involving two distinct intramolecular interactions, was derived. First, the interaction between the amine and the benzylic fluorine weakens the carbon–fluorine bond. Secondly, the formation of a second hydrogen bridge between the carboxyl group and one of the benzylic hydrogen atoms renders the fluorine atom even more susceptible to hydrolysis. The latter interaction induces an additional chiral center. The probability of its formation differs considerably between L and D enantiomers of n.c.a. 2‐[ 18 F]FMP, which explains the difference in hydrolysis rate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Modular Design Concept for Shaping Future Wireless TSN Solutions (2020)

The use of wireless communication systems in industrial environments is gaining international importance. The requirements, which are placed thereby on the communication systems, are manifold depending on the specific use. In the field of industrial manufacturing, however, many applications are characterized by high reliability requirements and hard real-time demands. The latter requires a time-deterministic handling of processed transmissions and therefore requires the use of Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) solutions. In this paper, we briefly describe which functionalities characterize a wireless TSN system and which approaches have already been pursued in the literature and standardization. Subsequently, we present a concept for a toolbox that allows one to combine the required functionalities into a working solution, which can be used as a guideline for software-based implementation. Additionally, since reliability of transmissions is one of the key challenges, especially in wireless communication, to achieve a performance comparable to wired systems, we provide some further design considerations to improve.
OASIcs, Volume 24, SSV'11, Complete Volume (2012)

OASIcs, Volume 24, SSV'11, Complete Volume
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused by Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 (2006)

We report, to our knowledge for the first time, two outbreaks of STSS caused by SS2, a non-GAS streptococcus. The 2005 outbreak was associated with 38 deaths out of 204 documented human cases; the 1998 outbreak with 14 deaths out of 25 reported human cases. Most of the fatal cases were characterized by STSS; some of them by meningitis or severe septicemia. The molecular mechanisms underlying these human STSS outbreaks in human beings remain unclear and an objective for further study.
An evaluation of the DAWN‐B light scattering unit from wyatt technology: Suggested calibration, normalization, and clarification procedures (1993)

Abstract Proper normalization, calibration, and sample clarification procedures for use with the Wyatt Technology DAWN‐B laser light scattering photometer are described. The utility of the proposed methods is confirmed by comparing results obtained on the solution properties of polystyrene standards in three different solvents (toluene, tetrahydrofuran, and methyl ethyl ketone) with results from the literature and generated using a Chromatix KMX‐6 low‐angle light scattering photometer. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Universal Strategy for Adoptive Immunotherapy of Cancer through Use of a Novel T-cell Antigen Receptor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 113K, Flow Cytometry analysis of an antigen surface expression on mouse AE17 cell lines transduced to express human FR�� or mesothelin and human ovarian cancer cell line, A1847. FR��-specific mAb Mov18, EpCAM-specific and mesothelin-specific K1 antibody and P4 Biobody were used to measure antigen expression on tumor cell lines (open empty histogram), compared to a matched isotype Ab control (filled gray histogram). Numbers within plots refer to specific mean fluorescent intensity (MFI).&lt;/p&gt;
Investigating <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> L,D‐transpeptidases as novel drug targets (2016)

The final step of peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis in bacteria involves cross‐linking of peptide side chains. This step in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is catalyzed by L,D‐ and D,D‐transpeptidases that generate 3→3 and 4→3 transpeptide linkages, respectively. M. tuberculosis PG is predominantly 3→3 cross‐linked, and Ldt Mt2 is the dominant L,D‐transpeptidase. There are four additional sequence paralogs of Ldt Mt2 encoded by the genome of this pathogen, and the reason for this apparent redundancy is unknown. Here, we present microbiological, biochemical, and structural data suggesting paralogs Ldt Mt2 , Ldt Mt3 , and Ldt Mt5 are not functionally redundant. Further, we demonstrate that at least two of these paralogs are acylated by carbapenem antibiotics. Importantly, the work presented here provides structural evidence of acylation of Ldt Mt2 by tebipenem, an orally available carbapenem, and biapenem. We have generated strains of M. tuberculosis that lack functional copies of Ldt Mt2 , Ldt Mt3 , or Ldt Mt5 , and these strains are more susceptible to killing by select carbapenems, osmotic shock, and/or chemical probes. Additionally, the different strains display unique phenotypes when cultured under different conditions, further suggesting these enzymes serve non‐redundant roles in maintaining the physiology of the M. tuberculosis cell wall. Taken together, the results from our studies highlight the essentiality of L,D‐transpeptidases in proper cell wall maintenance. Further investigation into the physiological roles of these enzymes is warranted, as these enzymes represent unexploited drug targets. Support or Funding Information NIH Grants R21AI111739 and DP2OD008459 to GL.
The Problem with Cell Phones ... or Maybe Not (2010)

It's a popular topic … and a baffling question, to boot. Do cellular phones cause brain tumors?

Cell phones (or mobile phones, if you prefer) are ubiquitous. In the United States, current population about 307 million, there are more than 279 million wireless subscribers, say Inskip et al.1 in this issue of Neuro-Oncology; even allowing for users with multiple accounts (say, for work and personal use), that number is staggering. Worldwide, the story is the same: one study reports that there are now 4.6 billion subscribers,2 and another reports that about 50% of the world population (or some 3.3 billion people) were users in 2007.3 Yes, there is some variability in the numbers, but if cell phone use causes or even just elevates the risk for brain tumors … well, you get the picture: we will have plenty of patients for clinical trials.

Do cell phones generate enough RF (radiofrequency) electromagnetic radiation to induce gene mutations and thus increase the risk of brain tumors? The evidence so far is equivocal. Some studies have shown an overall increase in incidence among long-term users, some an increase in only certain histologic types of brain tumors, and some no increase at all or—oddly—a reduction in incidence. Two recent meta-analyses both came down on the side of suggesting that there may be evidence of a link.3,4 So far, no one seems to be able to muster much more conclusiveness than that.

Such analyses have been hindered by methodological inconsistency, potential bias, and reporting and recall inaccuracies—no surprise given the relative youth of the cell phone as a technology in widespread use and the intrinsic difficulties of analyzing epidemiologic events that may take years or even decades to evolve. Similar hindrances impede progress in understanding the risk of late effects from radiotherapy, for instance. And let's not even start on whether anthropogenic global warming is fact or fiction!

We have some hope that the questions about a cell phone–brain tumor link will be answered, eventually. After all, it took years of study for people to accept that lead-based paint could contribute to impaired IQ and that smoking increases the risk of lung cancer. What is required are time and evidence. Neuro-Oncology cannot alter the laws of physics and so can have no effect on the former, but we can contribute to the body of knowledge.

In this issue, we do so by publishing the aforementioned article by Inskip et al.,1 who have delved into the records of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to gain more insight. Although this evidence is drawn from just the United States, its insights should be applicable worldwide, as biologic processes know no national borders.
Back Cover: Direct Conversion of Syngas to Higher Alcohols via Tandem Integration of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis and Reductive Hydroformylation (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 31/2022) (2022)

Tandem catalysis of solid NaPr-CoRu@Al2O3 and molecular [HCo(CO)3PR3] catalysts allows the direct conversion of synthesis gas to alcohols. Walter Leitner, Andreas J. Vorholt, Gonzalo Prieto et al. show in their Research Article (e202201004) that the combination of Fischer–Tropsch and hydroformylation catalysts generates alcohols from synthesis gas with exceptional selectivity. While the bimodally porous solid catalyst generates 1-olefins with high efficiency, in situ hydroformylation of olefins to alcohols circumvents secondary hydrogenation and allows to push the alcohol selectivity even further.
Materials Compatibility and Agent Operational Validation for Halon 1211 Replacement: Phases 1 2, and 3. Volume 1 (1993)

As a result of stratosphere ozone depletion and greenhouse warming concerns, the present halon fire-extinguishing agents will be phased out by 1 January 1994 under an international treaty. The U.S. Air Force has placed a high priority on the development of substitute agents to replace halo fire suppressants. This report describes the assessment of perfluorohexane, one of the candidate substitute agents, through a series of materials compatibility and operational validation testing. The materials compatibility testing was conducted according to applicable Underwriters Laboratories and American Society for Testing and Materials test methods. The testing showed that perfluorohexane is compatible with most elastomers and the composites and electrical components found on an aircraft. The operational validation testing incorporated varying climatic conditions, electrical fires, oxygen-enriched fires, and aircraft landing-gear fires. The tests showed that the effectiveness ratio of perfluorohexane to Halon 1211 was approximately 3-3.6 to 1. This suggests that either perfluorohexane must be used in larger quantities during fire situations, or reserved for first response use only. It is recommended that further testing be performed to optimize the nozzle and system for delivery of perfluorohexane.
Near-Contact Laser Surface Textured Dry Gas Seals (2004)

A new concept of a near-contact gas seal is experimentally investigated. A simulated gas face seal for a high-speed gas turbine engine is used for the investigation. A baseline conventional contacting-type seal is compared with an identical seal that was laser surface textured (LST) to turn it into a near-contact gas seal. Results show the potential benefits of the new concept in terms of smoother running, lower friction torque, and lower face temperature at 12,000 RPM over a range of face loading.
Role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in ovine fetal pulmonary vascular tone (1992)

To study the potential role of ATP-sensitive K+ (K+ATP) channels in fetal pulmonary vasoregulation, we studied the effect of a K+ATP channel agonist, lemakalim, and antagonist, glibenclamide, on the fetal pulmonary circulation in nine chronically instrumented late-gestation fetal lambs. Left pulmonary artery (LPA) blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flow transducer. Brief (10 min) infusions of lemakalim at 3, 10, and 30 micrograms/min into the LPA produced dose-dependent increases in flow from 68 +/- 7 to 96 +/- 11, 160 +/- 15, and 204 +/- 34 ml/min, respectively. The duration of pulmonary vasodilation after the 10-min infusions of lemakalim at 3, 10, and 30 micrograms/min was 20 +/- 3, 47 +/- 10, and 55 +/- 15 min, respectively. Pulmonary blood pressure and flow did not change with intrapulmonary infusion of glibenclamide (10 mg), a K+ATP channel antagonist. Lemakalim-induced pulmonary vasodilation was not affected by nitro-L-arginine (10 mg), a competitive inhibitor of endothelium-dependent relaxing factor, but was blocked by glibenclamide. Prolonged (2 h) intrapulmonary infusions of lemakalim (2-6 micrograms/min) increased pulmonary blood flow by 137%. The increase in pulmonary blood flow was sustained throughout the infusion. Systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures decreased during prolonged infusion. We conclude that K+ATP channels are present in the fetal pulmonary circulation, but do not participate in the regulation of basal pulmonary vascular tone. K+ATP channel activation produces sustained vasodilation that is not mediated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor. We speculate that birth-related stimuli activate K+ATP channels to enhance the pulmonary vasodilation that occurs at birth.
Pulse propagation, dispersion, and energy in magnetic materials (2005)

We discuss pulse propagation effects in generic, electrically and magnetically dispersive media that may display large material discontinuities, such as a surface boundary. Using the known basic constitutive relations between the fields, and an explicit Taylor expansion to describe the dielectric susceptibility and magnetic permeability, we derive expressions for energy density and energy dissipation rates, and equations of motion for the coupled electric and magnetic fields. We then solve the equations of motion in the presence of a single interface, and find that in addition to the now-established negative refraction process an energy exchange occurs between the electric and magnetic fields as the pulse traverses the boundary.
Combined non-invasive bioluminescence and magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary gene expression after adeno-associated viral vector administration (2010)

status: Published
A Novel Access Control Scheme for Multimedia Content with Modified Hash Chain (2012)

With the continuing growth in network technology, the exchange of digital images and audio as well as text has become very common regardless of whether the digital content is used for commercial purpose or not. Since such digital content is easily duplicated and re-distributed, protecting copyrights and privacy is an important issue. For the protection of digital content, access control based on naive encryption (encrypting the whole content) (1) or media-aware encryption (2–6) has been studied widely.
IN-VITRO SCREENING OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS FOR THEIR POTENTIAL ANTICANCER ACTIVITY (2020)

Background: Natural products have been shown to be reliable sources of anticancer medicines although there is still a consistent demand for new therapeutic natural products for cancer treatment with minimal side-effects.Materials and Methods: In this study, six plant extracts (Grevillea robusta; Euphorbia millii; Euphorbia royleana; Aloe grandidentata; Bauhinia corniculate; and Cassia fistula) were screened for the presence of phytochemical metabolites as saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and sterols, using qualitative tests.Antiproliferative screening assay was performed on a panel of three cancer cell-lines (HepG-2, HCT-116 and MCF-7) using MTT assay, and cytotoxicity was determined using WI-38 human fibroblast cell-line.Results: Some plant extracts reduced cellular growth for the selected cancerous cell-lines.For example, E. royleana and A. grandidentata extracts reduced HepG-2 cellular growth with IC50 of 0.42 and 0.53µg/mL, respectively.Moreover, A. grandidentata and C. fistula reduced cellular growth of MCF-7 with IC50 of 0.37 and 0.67 µg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: E. royleana, A. grandidentata and C. fistula showed significant anti-proliferative activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell-lines with non-cytotoxic nature.This suggests their potential role as anticancer agents against these types of cancer.The presence of flavonoids, sterols and anthraquinones may suggest their enhanced anti-proliferative activities.Therefore, this study has shed light on the possible use of these extracts as potential sources of natural products-based therapy for cancer.
Data from β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Integrin Is a Transforming Molecule that Unleashes Met Tyrosine Kinase Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cell multiplication in the absence of integrin-derived adhesive signals (anchorage-independent growth) is the phenotypic hallmark of neoplastic transformation. Therefore, the frequently observed up-regulation of some integrins in tumors has been interpreted as an epiphenomenon and not as a causative factor of oncogenic conversion. β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; integrin stimulates proliferation and survival of epithelial cells and is overexpressed in human carcinomas, often in concomitance with up-regulation of the Met tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor. Met is not endowed with transforming ability but can exploit the β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; cytoplasmic tail as a substrate/adaptor for amplification of mitogenic and antiapoptotic responses, independently of cell adhesion. Here, we show that overexpression of β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; is sufficient to transform rodent fibroblasts, enhances anchorage-independent growth of breast carcinoma cells, and induces tumorigenesis in nude mice; conversely, RNA interference–mediated depletion abrogates the transformed phenotype of neoplastic cells. These autonomous oncogenic properties are dramatically exacerbated upon Met coexpression, suggesting that the integrin can instigate the latent tumorigenic potential of the kinase. A β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; nonadhesive variant still cooperates with Met for cellular transformation, confirming the adhesion-independent function of β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; in magnification of Met biological effects. Conversely, a β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; signaling-incompetent mutant that cannot be efficiently tyrosine phosphorylated by Met and displays reduced ability to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–dependent and Ras-dependent pathways aborts transformation. Our findings define β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; as a signaling accomplice (a “servo-oncogene”) of tyrosine kinase proto-oncogenes in primary carcinogenesis, evoke an unorthodox function for a prototypic adhesion molecule in the positive regulation of anchorage-independent growth, and suggest the use of β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; as a target for anticancer therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Transcription of the Gene for a Pepsinogen, <i>PEP1,</i> Is Regulated by White-Opaque Switching in <i>Candida albicans</i> (1992)

Cells of Candida albicans WO-1 spontaneously switch between a white and opaque CFU, and this phase transition involves a dramatic change in cellular phenotype. By using a differential hybridization screen, an opaque-specific cDNA, Op1a, which represents the transcript of a gene regulated by switching, has been isolated. The gene for Op1a is transcribed by opaque but not by white cells. The nucleotide sequence of the Op1a cDNA reveals over 99% base homology with an acid protease gene of C. albicans, and the predicted amino acid sequence demonstrates that the product of this gene is a member of the family of pepsinogens, which possess a hydrophobic leader sequence for secretion and two catalytic aspartate domains. Southern blots of both genomic DNA digested with 14 different endonucleases and electrophoretically separated chromosomes were probed with the Op1a cDNA. No polymorphisms were detected in either case between white and opaque cells, suggesting that no genomic reorganization occurs in the proximity of the gene during the white-opaque transition. Although transcription of Op1a correlates with the high levels of extracellular protease activity in opaque cell cultures and the absence of activity in white cell cultures, stimulation of extracellular protease activity by addition of serum albumin is not accompanied by Op1a transcription in cultures of WO-1 white cells or cultures of two additional clinical isolates of C. albicans, suggesting that expression of one or more other protease genes is stimulated in these cases. The results demonstrate that transcription of the Op1a gene is under the rigid control of switching in strain WO-1.
Tumor necrosis factor enhances the sleep‐like state and electrical stimulation induces a wake‐like state in co‐cultures of neurons and glia (2015)

We characterise sleep-like states in cultured neurons and glia during development in vitro as well as after electrical stimulation, the addition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), and the combination of TNF plus electrical stimulation. We also characterise optogenetic stimulation-induced ATP release and neuronal interleukin-1 and TNF expression in vitro demonstrating the activity dependence of these putative sleep-regulatory substances. Action potential (AP) burstiness, expressed as the burstiness index (BI), synchronization of slow electrical potentials between recording electrodes (SYN), and slow wave (SW) power (0.25-3.75 Hz) determined using fast Fourier analyses emerged as network properties, maturing after 2 weeks in culture. Homologous in vivo measures are used to characterise sleep. Electrical stimulation reduced the BI, SYN and SW power values during and/or after the stimulus period. One day later, homeostasis was evident from rebounds of SYN and SW power values to above baseline levels; the magnitude of the rebound was stimulus pattern-dependent. The addition of TNF enhanced BI, SYN and SW power values, suggesting the induction of a deeper sleep-like state. Electrical stimulation reversed these TNF effects, suggesting the network state was more wake-like. The day after TNF plus electrical stimulation, the changes in SYN and SW power values were dependent upon the stimulus patterns the cells received the day before. We conclude that sleep and wake states in cultured in vitro networks can be controlled and they share molecular regulatory mechanisms with local in vivo networks. Further, sleep is an activity-dependent emergent local network property.