gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Release of Exosomes Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization-Based Hydrogels (2022)

Exosomes are 30-200 nm sized extracellular vesicles that are increasingly recognized as potential drug delivery vehicles. However, exogenous exosomes are rapidly cleared from the blood upon intravenous delivery, which limits their therapeutic potential. Here, we report bioactive exosome-tethered poly(ethylene oxide)-based hydrogels for the localized delivery of therapeutic exosomes. Using cholesterol-modified DNA tethers, the lipid membrane of exosomes was functionalized with initiators to graft polymers in the presence of additional initiators and crosslinker using photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This strategy of tethering exosomes within the hydrogel network allowed their controlled release over a period of 1 month, which was much longer than physically entrapped exosomes. Exosome release profile was tuned by varying the crosslinking density of the polymer network and the use of photocleavable tethers allowed stimuli-responsive release of exosomes. The therapeutic potential of the hydrogels was assessed by evaluating the osteogenic potential of bone morphogenetic protein 2-loaded exosomes on C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Thus, ATRP-based exosome-tethered hydrogels represent a tunable platform with improved efficacy and an extended-release profile.
Terahertz Bandwidths Extending to 100 THz from a Two-Color-Photoinduced Air Plasma (2010)

We present the generation of terahertz pulses with a continuous bandwidth up to 100 THz from a plasma with sub-20-fs two-color femtosecond excitation, and demonstrate its potential for spectroscopic measurements.
Expressed sequence tags of Aspergillus fumigatus: Extension of catalogue and their evaluation as putative drug targets and/or diagnostic markers (2009)

Aspergillus fumigatus a fungal pathogen is implicated in a spectrum of allergic and invasive disorders in humans. Validation of transcriptome of pathogen is essential for understanding its virulence mechanism and to identify new therapeutic targets/diagnostic markers. In order to rapidly identify genes of Aspergillus fumigatus we adopted sequencing of cDNA clones. Our earlier effort has lead to identification of 68 expressed sequence tags of Aspergillus fumigatus. Present study describes 52 more expressed sequence tags generated by sequencing 200 phage clones of a non-normalized cDNA library. One of the cDNA clones comprised of the complete coding region for tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein gene. Various homology search algorithms were employed to assign functions to expressed sequence tags coding for hypothetical proteins, and relevance of these expressed sequence tags or their protein products as drug targets/diagnostic markers was examined by searching for homologues in fungi and human.
Enantioselective Norrish–Yang Cyclization Reactions of N-(ω-Oxo- ω-phenylalkyl)-Substituted Imidazolidinones in Solution and in the Solid State (2002)

The four N-(omega-oxo-omega-phenyl-alkyl)-substituted imidazolidinones 5-8 were prepared from N-acetylimidazolidinone (4). Upon irradiation, these substrates underwent Norrish-Yang cyclization to the racemic products rac-9-rac-12 (51-75%). The reactions of the N-2-oxoethylimidazolidinones 5 and 6 were conducted in tBuOH, and yielded 1:1 mixtures of exo/endo diastereoisomers rac-9a/rac-9b and rac-10a/rac-10b, accompanied by Norrish type II cleavage products. The reactions of the N-3-oxopropylimidazolidinones 7 and 8 were performed in toluene. The exo diastereoisomers rac-11a and rac-12a were the major diastereoisomers (d.r. approximately equal to 4:1). In the presence of the chiral compounds 1-3, the photocyclization of substrate 8 proceeded with significant enantiomeric excess (5-60% ee). The more sophisticated complexing agents 3 and ent-3 provided better enantiofacial differentiation (up to 60% ee) than the lactams 1 and 2 (up to 26% ee). Low temperatures and an excess of the complexing agent helped to increase the enantioselectivity. The absolute configuration of the major exo product 12a obtained from compound 8 in the presence of complexing agent 3 was unambiguously established by single-crystal X-ray crystallography of its chiral N-methoxyphenylacetyl derivative 15a. In a similar fashion, the absolute configurations of the endo products 12b and ent-12b were established. The N-2-oxoethylimidazolidinone 5, which crystallized in a chiral space group, was irradiated in the solid state. At low levels of conversion, the product 9a/ent-9a was formed with high enantiomeric excess (78% ee). The enantioselectivity deteriorated at higher levels of conversion.
The effect of breast compression on mass conspicuity in digital mammography (2008)

This study analyzed how the inherent quality of diagnostic information in digital mammography could be affected by breast compression. A digital mammography system was modeled using a Monte Carlo algorithm based on the Penelope program, which has been successfully used to model several medical imaging systems. First, the Monte Carlo program was validated against previous measurements and simulations. Once validated, the Monte Carlo software modeled a digital mammography system by tracking photons through a voxelized software breast phantom, containing anatomical structures and breast masses, and following photons until they were absorbed by a selenium-based flat-panel detector. Simulations were performed for two compression conditions (standard compression and 12.5% reduced compression) and three photon flux conditions (constant flux, constant detector signal, and constant glandular dose). The results showed that reduced compression led to higher scatter fractions, as expected. For the constant photon flux condition, decreased compression also reduced glandular dose. For constant glandular dose, the SdNR for a 4 cm breast was 0.60 +/- 0.11 and 0.62 +/- 0.11 under standard and reduced compressions, respectively. For the 6 cm case with constant glandular dose, the SdNR was 0.50 +/- 0.11 and 0.49 +/- 0.10 under standard and reduced compressions, respectively. The results suggest that if a particular imaging system can handle an approximately 10% increase in total tube output and 10% decrease in detector signal, breast compression can be reduced by about 12% in terms of breast thickness with little impact on image quality or dose.
Resolution of effects on bone turnover markers and bone mineral density after discontinuation of long-term bisphosphonate use (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐c]pyridine Derivatives as a New Series of Allosteric Enhancers at the Adenosine A<sub>1</sub> Receptor. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Does light scattering affect the OCT quantitation of redox state of cytochrome oxidase in bone tissue? (2002)

In our previous report, we have presented the possibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor the redox state of mitochondria enzyme Cytochrome oxidase (CytOx) in bone tissue. The previous results showed that reduction of the enzyme in periosteal tissue leads to a change in attenuation coefficient of 1.68 +/- 0.67mm<SUP>-1</SUP> by OCT measurements. The new results from cultured cells fixed in 300 (mu) l agarose plug showed the difference in attenuation coefficient is 0.26+-0.10 mm<SUP>-1</SUP> (n = 9) for 7x10<SUP>6</SUP> astrocytoma cells and 0.28+-0.13 mm<SUP>-1</SUP> (n = 7) for 20x10<SUP>6</SUP> astrocytoma cells in agarose plug, respectively between cells with oxidised and reduced enzyme at 820nm. A decrease in attenuation coefficient of 0.35+-0.09 mm<SUP>-1</SUP> (n = 4) for 10 million SKMES cells in agarose was also observed with the redox shift of CytOx. The absorption coefficient of the oxidized-reduced form of CytOx is measured approximately 8.4+-1.5x10<SUP>-3</SUP>/mm (n=3) and 8.2+-1.0x10<SUP>-3</SUP>/mm (n=3) at 820nm for astrocytoma cells and rat periosteum respectively by means of a biochemical assay. Thereby it can be seen that the change in attenuation coefficient of cultured cells with redox shift of CytOx mainly results from the scattering change.
Synchronization, coherence, and event ordering in multiprocessors (1988)

The problems addressed apply to both throughput-oriented and speedup-oriented multiprocessor systems, either at the user level or the operating-system level. basic definitions are provided. Communication and synchronization are briefly explained, and hardware-level and software-level synchronization mechanisms are discussed. The cache coherence problem is examined, and solutions are described. Strong and weak ordering of events is considered. The user interface is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Infrared surface temperature monitoring in the postoperative management of free tissue transfers (2009)

I n microvascular free flap surgery, monitoring plays a critical role in detecting early postoperative vessel thrombosis. Flap survival can be augmented with timely restoration of blood flow. There have been numerous modalities and methods described for postoperative monitoring; however, no single gold standard exists and research is ongoing evaluating new and old methods of monitoring (1-5). One such modality, flap temperature monitoring, was first described and investigated in 1976 by Baudet et al (6). Since then, numerous papers have described various modalities and methods used for temperature monitoring, with differing results and parameters being reported (5,7-10). Some of the difficulties with these methods include variability in temperature measurement, technical issues with the probes and certain types of flaps, and lack of precise correlation with early thrombosis.
Measurement of Phospholipids May Improve Diagnostic Accuracy in Ovarian Cancer (2012)

Levels of specific serum phospholipids differ between women with ovarian cancer and those with benign conditions. If validated by independent studies in the future, these biomarkers may serve as an adjunct at the time of clinical presentation, to distinguish between women with ovarian cancer and those with benign conditions with shared symptoms and features.
High temperature alkali corrosion of ceramics in coal gas. Quarterly progress report No. 1, September 1, 1991--November 31, 1991 (1991)

High temperature alkali corrosion has been known to cause premature failure of ceramic components used in advanced high temperature coal combustion systems such as coal gasification and clean-up, coal fired gas turbines, and high efficiency heat engines. The objective of this program is to systematically evaluate the alkali corrosion resistance of the most commonly used structural ceramics including silicon carbide, silicon nitride, cordierite, mullite, alumina, aluminum titanate, zirconia, and fireclay glass. The study consists of identification of the alkali reaction products (phase equilibria) and the kinetics of the alkali reactions as a function of temperature and time.
Opportunistic Large Array Concentric Routing Algorithm (OLACRA) over Wireless Fading Channels (2007)

An opportunistic large array (OLA) is a group of simple, inexpensive relays or forwarding nodes that operate without any mutual coordination, but naturally fire together in response to energy received from a single source or another OLA. Therefore, OLAs do a simple form of cooperative transmission. The opportunistic large array concentric routing algorithm (OLACRA) is an energy efficient upstream routing algorithm that has been proposed for OLA-based networks and has been shown to save over 70 percent of the energy in comparison to whole network OLA flooding for the non-faded channel. This paper analyzes the performance of OLACRA over the Rayleigh flat-fading channel. Distributed delay diversity using direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) waveforms is proposed to obtain diversity in such channels. Each node in an OLA chooses its transmission time randomly from a limited set of choices, thereby creating a limited set of orthogonal channels, which are then combined with RAKE receivers. Performance comparison is made with orthogonal non-faded channels. Simulations results demonstrate that the performance of OLACRA over the flat-fading channel approaches the performance of the deterministic channel for a diversity order of 4.
Feature level fused templates for multi-biometric system on smartphones (2017)

This work examines feature level fusion for protected biometric templates in a multi-biometric authentication system for smartphones. The modalities incorporated by the system are face and the left-right periocular region. The fusion methods considered are concatenation of the templates obtained from the three modalities, and combining the three templates using a simple XOR operation by varying the amount of overlap between them up to 100%. The impact on performance from applying the feature level fusion methods are evaluated on a moderate sized dataset consisting of images from 73 subjects, captured using a Samsung Galaxy S5. We show that the biometric performance can be improved in most of the cases by employing the fusion methods when compared to the performance of each individual modality while not compromising the security level provided by template protection schemes.
Abstract P35 (2015)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK
Optimal Design Methodology for High-Order Continuous-Time Wideband Delta-Sigma Converters (2007)

A systematic design methodology for high-order continuous-time wideband delta-sigma modulators is proposed. This method provides a direct way for determining the coefficients of the modulator. Trade-offs between the choice of the coefficients and the power consumption is analyzed. The method is illustrated for a 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order 4-bit modulator with OSR of 8, while 20 MHz signal bandwidth and 12 bit resolution is achieved. The required GBW of the first integrator is less than 1.5 times the sampling frequency, which reduces the overall power consumption.
Phase I Study of Zotiraciclib in Combination with Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent High-grade Astrocytomas (2021)

Zotiraciclib combined with temozolomide is safe in patients with recurrent high-grade astrocytomas. Zotiraciclib-induced neutropenia can be profound but mostly transient, warranting close monitoring rather than treatment discontinuation. Once validated, polymorphisms predicting drug metabolism may allow personalized dosing of zotiraciclib.
Décentralisation, action publique et élites locales (2009)

Plus qu'à la décentralisation comme processus, c'est à ses effets sur l'action publique que s'est surtout intéressée la science politique. Ses travaux éclairent la dynamique interventionniste des autorités locales et, s'ils divergent sur une éventuelle modification des rapports de force État / collectivités, ils s'accordent sur la complexité et l'opacité des circuits de décision existants. Les études insistent aussi sur une recomposition inachevée : autonomisation difficile des structures intercommunales, politiques publiques contrariées par la fragmentation institutionnelle, responsables régionaux mus par des préoccupations infra-régionales. [Premier paragraphe]
Enhanced Biological Activity of Antisense Oligonucleotides Containing 5-(1-Hexynyl)-substituted Pyrimidine Nucleotides (1997)

Abstract Antisense oligonucleotides directed against HSV- 1 immediate early gene mRNA were synthesized with replacement of the internal pyrimidine nucleotides by the corresponding 5-(l-hexynyl) analogues and with end-capping by phosphorothioates. These compounds were found to have improved binding affinity, increased stability towards nucleases and enhanced antiviral activity in a cell culture assay.
Alveolar Instability Causes Early Ventilator-induced Lung Injury Independent of Neutrophils (2003)

Intratracheal instillation of Tween causes a heterogeneous surfactant deactivation in the lung, with areas of unstable alveoli directly adjacent to normal stable alveoli. We employed in vivo video microscopy to directly assess alveolar stability in normal and surfactant-deactivated lung and tested our hypothesis that alveolar instability causes a mechanical injury, initiating an inflammatory response that results in a secondary neutrophil-mediated proteolytic injury. Pigs were mechanically ventilated (VT 10 cc/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] 3 cm H2O), randomized to into three groups, and followed for 4 hours: Control group (n = 3) surgery only; Tween group (n = 4) subjected to intratracheal Tween (surfactant deactivator causing alveolar instability); and Tween + PEEP group (n = 4) subjected to Tween with increased PEEP (15 cm H2O) to stabilize alveoli. The magnitude of alveolar instability was quantified by computer image analysis. Surfactant-deactivated lungs developed significant histopathology only in lung areas with unstable alveoli without an increase in neutrophil-derived proteases. PEEP stabilized alveoli and significantly reduced histologic evidence of lung injury. Thus, in this model, alveolar instability can independently cause ventilator-induced lung injury. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly confirm that unstable alveoli are subjected to ventilator-induced lung injury whereas stable alveoli are not.
Electric field-induced superconducting transition of insulating FeSe thin film at 35 K (2016)

It is thought that strong electron correlation in an insulating parent phase would enhance a critical temperature (Tc) of superconductivity in a doped phase via enhancement of the binding energy of a Cooper pair as known in high-Tc cuprates. To induce a superconductor transition in an insulating phase, injection of a high density of carriers is needed (e.g., by impurity doping). An electric double-layer transistor (EDLT) with an ionic liquid gate insulator enables such a field-induced transition to be investigated and is expected to result in a high Tc because it is free from deterioration in structure and carrier transport that are in general caused by conventional carrier doping (e.g., chemical substitution). Here, for insulating epitaxial thin films (∼10 nm thick) of FeSe, we report a high Tc of 35 K, which is 4× higher than that of bulk FeSe, using an EDLT under application of a gate bias of +5.5 V. Hall effect measurements under the gate bias suggest that highly accumulated electron carrier in the channel, whose area density is estimated to be 1.4 × 10(15) cm(-2) (the average volume density of 1.7 × 10(21) cm(-3)), is the origin of the high-Tc superconductivity. This result demonstrates that EDLTs are useful tools to explore the ultimate Tc for insulating parent materials.
Pyrolysis of &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-Butylbenzene in the Presence of Hydrogen (1981)

常圧流通式反応装置を用い水素およびヘリウム存在下におけるt-ブチルベンゼンの気相高温熱分解反応を行った。分解反応の条件は温度530～650°C, t-ブチルベンゼンに対する希釈剤のモル比1.5～6.4, 滞留時間0.9～7.8秒の範囲であった。主要な分解生成物はベンゼン, α-メチルスチレン, クメン, スチレン, トルエン, エチルベンゼン, メタン, イソブチレン, プロピレン, エチレン, エタンおよびプロパンであった。共存水素は分解生成物の分布を変えたが, 分解速度の促進には顕著な効果を示さなかった。主要分解生成物の初期反応機構が遊離基連鎖反応機構に基づいて論ぜられた。
Evolving views of involution (2004)

The developmental preparation of the mammary gland for milk production that occurs during pregnancy is followed by an equally dramatic process of involution as the gland returns to its prepregnancy state. Two detailed, microarray-based surveys reported in this issue extend our understanding of the nature and timing of molecular and cellular events in involution that underlie these developmental changes.
Self-managing associative memory for dynamic acquisition of expertise in high-level domains (2009)

Self-organizing maps can be used to implement an associative memory for an intelligent system that dynamically learns about new high-level domains over time. SOMs are an attractive option for imple-menting associative memory: they are fast, easily parallelized, and digest a stream of incoming data into a topographically organized collection of mod-els where more frequent classes of data are repre-sented by higher-resolution collections of models. Typically, the distribution of models in an SOM, once developed, remains fairly stable, but develop-ing expertise in a new high-level domain requires altering the allocation of models. We use a mixture of analysis and empirical studies to characterize the behavior of SOMs for high-level associative mem-ory, finding that new high-resolution collections of models develop quickly. High-resolution areas of the SOM decay rapidly unless actively refreshed, but in a large SOM, the ratio between growth rate and decay rate may be high enough to support both fast learning and long-term memory. 1
Characterization and Modeling of Elastomeric Joints in Miniature Compliant Mechanisms (2013)

Accurate analysis models are critical for effectively utilizing elastomeric joints in miniature compliant mechanisms. This paper presents work toward the characterization and modeling of miniature elastomeric hinges. Characterization was carried out in the form of several experimental bending tests and tension tests on representative hinges in five different configurations. The modeling portion is achieved using a planar pseudo rigid body (PRB) analytical model for these hinges. A simplified planar 3-spring PRB analytical model was developed, consisting of a torsional spring, an axial spring, and another torsional spring in series. These analytical models enable the efficient exploration of large design spaces. The analytical model has been verified to within an accuracy of 3% error in pure bending, and 7% in pure tension, when compared to finite element analysis (FEA) models. Using this analytical model, a complete mechanism—a robotic leg consisting of four rigid links and four compliant hinges—has been analyzed and compared to a corresponding FEA model and a fabricated mechanism.
Tangential microfiltration of orange juice in bench pilot (2003)

The aim of this study was to introduce the tangential microfiltration (TMF) technique on the production of orange juice (TMFJ), and compare it with pasteurised juice (control) as regards chemical composition and sensorial characteristics. We used a TMF pilot equipped with four monotubular ceramic membranes (0.1, 0.2, 0.8 and 1.4[mu]m) arranged in series with a filtering area of 0.005 m2 each. Commercial flash-pasteurised orange juice was used as the initial product. Experiments were divided Into three parts: a) the characterisation of the TMF pilot; b) optimisation of operational conditions; c) production of the TMFJ. In the second part, membrane with 0.8-[mu]n pores presented best flux followed by those with 1.4-, 0.1-, and 0.2-[mu]m pores. However, to guarantee permeate sterility, we chose the membrane with 0.1-[mu]m pores for TMFJ production. Initially, the orange juice was sieved in order to separate part of the pulp, being subsequently submitted to TMF. A mixture of retentate and pulp was made, and was subsequently pasteurised. We obtained the TMFJ by adding the permeate to the mixture. TMFJ presented soluble solids content (°Brix), pulp, pH, and titrable acidity similar to the initial pasteurised juice (control). Nevertheless, 28% of vitamin C was lost during the TMFJ production. According to the juice taster panel, the control juice presented best sensorial characteristics (greater aroma Intensity and fruity flavour) when compared with the TMJF. (Resume d'auteur)