gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Proximal Opening Wedge Osteotomy for the Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity (2008)

Many surgical procedures exist to correct metatarsus primus varus associated with hallux valgus deformity. Among these procedures are various first metatarsal osteotomies. Both distal and proximal osteotomies have been described to correct these deformities with the latter typically used for the more severe deformity. The goal of the operative procedure is correction of the intermetatarsal and hallux valgus angles with restoration of pain-free shoe wear. The complications associated with the various described proximal metatarsal osteotomies are many, and the techniques can be technically demanding, especially for the surgeon without assistance in the operating room. Although generally good results are observed with traditional osteotomies, the complication rate remains high, leading many surgeons to search for alternative means for correcting these deformities. In this paper, we review a novel technique with a proximal opening wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal for the correction of moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformity.
Longitudinal development in the preterm thalamus and posterior white matter: MRI correlations between diffusion weighted imaging and T2 relaxometry (2016)

Infants born prematurely are at increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. The measurement of white matter tissue composition and structure can help predict functional performance. Specifically, measurements of myelination and indicators of myelination status in the preterm brain could be predictive of later neurological outcome. Quantitative imaging of myelin could thus serve to develop biomarkers for prognosis or therapeutic intervention; however, accurate estimation of myelin content is difficult. This work combines diffusion MRI and multi-component T2 relaxation measurements in a group of 37 infants born very preterm and scanned between 27 and 58 weeks equivalent gestational age. Seven infants have longitudinal data at two time points that we analyze in detail. Our aim is to show that measurement of the myelin water fraction is achievable using widely available pulse sequences and state-of-the-art algorithmic modeling of the MR imaging procedure and that a multi-component fitting routine to multi-shell diffusion weighted data can show differences in neurite density and local spatial arrangement in grey and white matter. Inference on the myelin water fraction allows us to demonstrate that the change in diffusion properties of the preterm thalamus is not solely due to myelination (that increase in myelin content accounts for about a third of the observed changes) whilst the decrease in the posterior white matter T2 has no significant component that is due to myelin water content. This work applies multi-modal advanced quantitative neuroimaging to investigate changing tissue properties in the longitudinal setting. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2479-2492, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Dynamic Characterization of Cylindrical Batteries (2022)

Lithium-ion batteries have complicated dynamics and temperature behavior. In this paper, a dynamic system previously developed to characterize the voltage response was extended to estimate the heat generation rate due to the electrochemical reactions that a battery undergoes as being discharged. The dynamic system based on a modally decomposed three-degree-of-freedom, spring-mass-damper analogy was used to estimate the cells terminal voltage, open-circuit voltage and the mass transfer and boundary layer effects. The modal parameters were determined by minimizing the error between the experimental and simulated time responses. Then, these estimated parameters were coupled with a lumped thermal model to predict the temperature profiles of two cylindrical lithium-ion batteries. To capture the dynamic voltage and temperature responses, hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) tests were conducted with thermocouples. It was found that the dynamic model was able to accurately estimate the nonlinear dynamics of the batteries; therefore, the electrochemical heat generation rate was successfully able predict the surface temperature profile at 1C and 2C discharge rates.
Comparative Photoinitiating Performances of Donor–Acceptor Multibranched Triphenylamines Designed for Light-Triggered Micropatterning Applications (2021)

The present investigation describes an original structure–reactivity relationship within a series of type II photoinitiators designed on the basis of a multibranched molecular engineering strategy. Each photoinitiator indeed incorporates a triphenylamine subunit decorated with a combination of para-substituents, implying anisole or thioanisole as π-conjugated donor groups and multiple reactive ketones as electron-acceptor functions. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the photoinitiating efficiency of such multipolar derivatives is mainly modulated by a solvent-mediated interplay between intersystem crossing and intramolecular charge transfer processes at the excited singlet state. Such a balancing mechanism drastically regulates the population of highly reactive excited triplet species in such a manner that the photoinitiation performance of the dyes can be enhanced by more than 1 order of magnitude within the series. Taking advantage of this amplified photoreactivity, we illustrated the versatile application potential of the best-performing photoinitiating prototype, which was both employed both in a rapid two-dimensional (2D) photopatterning process through liquid crystal display (LCD) image projection and in three-dimensional (3D) micro-optics fabrication at the surface of an optical fiber.
Data acquisition with RF-based energy harvesting sensor: From information theory to green system (2014)

Harvesting energy from ambient environment is a new promising solution to free electronic devices from electric wire or limited-lifetime battery, which is significant in sensor networks and body-area networks. This paper investigates the fundamental limits of information transmission in data acquisition system with RF-based energy harvesting sensor node, in which the host node acts not only as an information source but also as an energy source for the sensor node while only information is transmitted back from sensor to host node. From a view of system level, achievable capacity-rate region and capacity-rate function are proposed as metrics to measure the transmission performance. The tradeoff relationship of two way information rates between sensor and host node in a time division duplex system is obtained and the corresponding optimal transmission policy is also given. At last, a typical application in terms of minimizing required transmit power, namely green system, is introduced to validate the results developed in this paper.
Osteogenesis: Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 Promotes Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Survival and Resultant Bone Formation When Entrapped in Photocrosslinked Alginate Hydrogels (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 19/2016) (2016)

J. Kent Leach and co-workers investigate the inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of survival and osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells when entrapped in a photocrosslinkable alginate hydrogel on page 2501. The images show the gelation of BMP-2 in alginate with mesenchymal stem cells to be implanted in a segmental defect. In vitro studies demonstrate improved survival of cells when stimulated with BMP-2, translating to improved bone healing in vivo (as shown by microCT).
Oral Steroids for Dermatitis (2015)

Contact/allergic dermatitis is frequently treated inappropriately with lower-than-recommended doses or inadequate duration of treatment with oral and intramuscular glucocorticoids. This article highlights a case of dermatitis in a Ranger Assessment and Selection Program student who was improperly treated over 2 weeks with oral steroids after being bit by Cimex lectularius, commonly known as bed bugs. The article also highlights the pitfalls of improper oral steroid dosing and provides reasoning for longer-duration oral steroid treatment.
Human 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-Acyltransferase Isoforms 1 and 2 (2011)

Loss-of-function mutations in 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) 2 in humans and mice result in loss of both the white and brown adipose tissues from birth. AGPAT2 generates precursors for the synthesis of glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols. Loss of adipose tissue, or lipodystrophy, results in hyperinsulinemia, diabetes mellitus, and severe hepatic steatosis. Here, we analyzed biochemical properties of human AGPAT2 and its close homolog, AGPAT1, and we studied their role in liver by transducing their expression via recombinant adenoviruses in Agpat2(-/-) mice. The in vitro substrate specificities of AGPAT1 and AGPAT2 are quite similar for lysophosphatidic acid and acyl-CoA. Protein homology modeling of both the AGPATs with glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (GPAT1) revealed that they have similar tertiary protein structure, which is consistent with their similar substrate specificities. When co-expressed, both isoforms co-localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. Despite such similarities, restoring AGPAT activity in liver by overexpression of either AGPAT1 or AGPAT2 in Agpat2(-/-) mice failed to ameliorate the hepatic steatosis. From these studies, we suggest that the role of AGPAT1 or AGPAT2 in liver lipogenesis is minimal and that accumulation of liver fat is primarily a consequence of insulin resistance and loss of adipose tissue in Agpat2(-/-) mice.
RelViT: Concept-guided Vision Transformer for Visual Relational Reasoning (2022)

Reasoning about visual relationships is central to how humans interpret the visual world. This task remains challenging for current deep learning algorithms since it requires addressing three key technical problems jointly: 1) identifying object entities and their properties, 2) inferring semantic relations between pairs of entities, and 3) generalizing to novel object-relation combinations, i.e., systematic generalization. In this work, we use vision transformers (ViTs) as our base model for visual reasoning and make better use of concepts defined as object entities and their relations to improve the reasoning ability of ViTs. Specifically, we introduce a novel concept-feature dictionary to allow flexible image feature retrieval at training time with concept keys. This dictionary enables two new concept-guided auxiliary tasks: 1) a global task for promoting relational reasoning, and 2) a local task for facilitating semantic object-centric correspondence learning. To examine the systematic generalization of visual reasoning models, we introduce systematic splits for the standard HICO and GQA benchmarks. We show the resulting model, Concept-guided Vision Transformer (or RelViT for short) significantly outperforms prior approaches on HICO and GQA by 16% and 13% in the original split, and by 43% and 18% in the systematic split. Our ablation analyses also reveal our model's compatibility with multiple ViT variants and robustness to hyper-parameters.
Interobserver Agreement in the Classification of Rotator Cuff Tears (2007)

With the exception of distinguishing partial-thickness from full-thickness rotator cuff tears and identifying the side (articular vs bursal) of involvement with partial-thickness tears, currently described rotator cuff classification systems have little interobserver agreement among experienced shoulder surgeons. Researchers should consider describing full-thickness rotator cuff tears by topography (degree of retraction) in the frontal plane.
Intrahepatic microbes govern liver immunity by programming NKT cells (2022)

The gut microbiome shapes local and systemic immunity. The liver is presumed to be a protected sterile site. As such, a hepatic microbiome has not been examined. Here, we showed a liver microbiome in mice and humans that is distinct from that of the gut and is enriched in Proteobacteria. It undergoes dynamic alterations with age and is influenced by the environment and host physiology. Fecal microbial transfer experiments revealed that the liver microbiome is populated from the gut in a highly selective manner. Hepatic immunity is dependent on the microbiome, specifically the bacteroidetes species. Targeting bacteroidetes with oral antibiotics reduced hepatic immune cells by approximately 90%, prevented antigen-presenting cell (APC) maturation, and mitigated adaptive immunity. Mechanistically, our findings are consistent with presentation of bacteroidetes-derived glycosphingolipids to NKT cells promoting CCL5 signaling, which drives hepatic leukocyte expansion and activation, among other possible host-microbe interactions. Collectively, we reveal a microbial/glycosphingolipid/NKT/CCL5 axis that underlies hepatic immunity.
A stable Janus bis(maloNHC) and its zwitterionic coinage metal complexes (2014)

The first stable dianionic Janus-type bis(maloNHC) was isolated and characterized. Details on the chemistry of this biscarbene with respect to its ability to support catalytically relevant metal complexes are provided. The molecular structures of two dinuclear gold and silver complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography.
Bcl-2<i>high</i>mantle cell lymphoma cells are sensitized to acadesine with ABT-199 (2015)

Acadesine is a nucleoside analogue with known activity against B-cell malignancies. Herein, we showed that in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells acadesine induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through turning on the mitochondrial apoptotic machinery. At the molecular level, the compound triggered the activation of the AMPK pathway, consequently modulating known downstream targets, such as mTOR and the cell motility-related vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). VASP phosphorylation by acadesine was concomitant with a blockade of CXCL12-induced migration. The inhibition of the mTOR cascade by acadesine, committed MCL cells to enter in apoptosis by a translational downregulation of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 protein. In contrast, Bcl-2 protein levels were unaffected by acadesine and MCL samples expressing high levels of Bcl-2 tended to have a reduced response to the drug. Targeting Bcl-2 with the selective BH3-mimetic agent ABT-199 sensitized Bcl-2high MCL cells to acadesine. This effect was validated in vivo, where the combination of both agents displayed a more marked inhibition of tumor outgrowth than each drug alone. These findings support the notions that antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family regulate MCL cell sensitivity to acadesine and that the combination of this agent with Bcl-2 inhibitors might be an interesting therapeutic option to treat MCL patients.
Evaluation of a home-based traction program for children with congenital dislocated hips and Legg Perthes disease. (1995)

Home-based traction (HBT) is an alternative to hospital traction for children with congenital dislocated hips and Legg Perthes disease. In this study, we evaluated the acceptability, safety, psychological adjustment, and costs of an HBT program for 24 children and their parents. All parents found the program acceptable. There were no major treatment complications of traction, although 12.5% of children experienced skin irritation and discomfort. There were no major problems in psychological adjustment; mothers reported disruption in family functioning (p = .007), fathers reported stress in marital relationships (p = .012), and there was significantly greater overall distress for mothers than fathers (p = .051). The HBT program was found to be substantially less costly than conventional care when direct and indirect costs were considered.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Gammaproteobacterial Methanotrophs Isolated from a Mercury-Contaminated Stream (2021)

The genomes of <i>Methylomonas</i> sp. strain EFPC1 and <i>Methylococcus</i> sp. strain EFPC2, isolated from a mercury-contaminated stream in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, were sequenced.
INFLUENCE OF THE HOISTING DRUM WINDING SYSTEM ON THE END PLATE LOADS (2002)

Experiments and FEA-Simulations on hoisting drums with winding system according to LeBus show that conventional calculation methods, which are based on the assumption of an symmetrical axial load distributed equally over the circumference of the end plate, unsatisfactorily mirror end plate stresses of these types of hoisting drums. Brought about through the winding process in this winding system, an asymmetric pressure distribution arises over the contact areas of the separate layers which has to take into account for developing multilayered light-weight rope drums.
Covert Multi-Party Computation (2007)

In STOC'05, Aim, Hopper and Longford introduced the notion of covert computation. A covert computation protocol is one in which parties am run a protocol without knowing if other parties ore also participating in the protocol or not. At the end of the protocol, if all parties participated in the protocol and if the function output is favorable to all parties, then the output is revealed. Ahn et al. constructed a protocol for covert two-partv computation in the random oracle model In this paper, we offer a construction for covert multiparty computation. Our construction is in the standard model and does not require random oracles. In order to achieve this goal, we introduce a number of new techniques. Central to our work is the development of "zero-knowledge proofs to garbled circuits," which we believe could be of independent interest. Along the way, we also develop a definition of covert computation as per the Ideal/Real model simulation paradigm.
Cytoskeletal analysis of human blastocysts by confocal laser scanning microscopy following vitrification (2011)

The high survival rate following thawing and the large proportion of normal spindle/chromosome configurations suggests that vitrification at the blastocyst stage on Day 5 does not adversely affect the development of human embryos and the ability of spindles to form and continue normal cell divisions. However, there was a significantly higher incidence of abnormal spindles in the vitrified group compared with the fresh group, notably of spindles with a focused and an unfocused pole as well as chromosome bridging and disorganized middle spindle fibres at telophase. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mitotic stages that are more vulnerable to damage during vitrification, the fate of the abnormal spindles and any potential effects that may be reflected on the chromosomal constitution of the developing blastocysts.
Structures and stabilities of fluorinated carbanions. Evidence for anionic hyperconjugation (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures and stabilities of fluorinated carbanions. Evidence for anionic hyperconjugationDavid A. Dixon, Tadamichi. Fukunaga, and Bruce E. SmartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 14, 4027–4031Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00274a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00274a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Physiologic Actions of LRRK2: Focus on Autophagy (2011)

These data support a role for LRRK2 in autophagy, raise the possibility that deficits in autophagy contribute to the pathophysiology of LRRK2, and point to a potential therapeutic approach addressing the pathophysiology of LRRK2 in PD.
Spectra of Pb, Mg ions in two-element laser-produced plasma at different concentration of Mg; Spektry Pb, Mg ionov dvukhehlementnoj plasmy s razlichnoj kontsentratsiej Mg pri vzaimodejstvii s lazernym izlucheniem (2004)

Characteristics of two-element (Pb, Mg) plasma were studied by the mass-spectrometric method as a function of the light element (Mg) concentration. It was found that increasing the concentration of Mg leads to the widening of energy spectra of plasma ions more than two times, while the character of intensity changing of Pb ions with all charge multiplicity does not depend on the concentration of the light element (Mg). This effect is explained by a predominance of the friction between the light and heave ions under their mutual flight. (author)
Regiochemical control of the ring-opening of 1,2-epoxides by means of chelating processes. 3. Aminolysis and azidolysis of the cis- and trans-oxides derived from 4-(benzyloxy)cyclohexene (1991)

The previously observed regiocontrol of the ring-opening of epoxides bearing a remote polar group such as the title compounds (1 and 2) can also be achieved by metal-assisted methods for the direct aminolysis and azidolysis of epoxides. The appropriate use of the metal-assisted chelating or nonchelating procedures in the ring-opening of cis-epoxide 1 effects practically complete regiocontrol of these reactions, thus leading to regioalternating processes for the aminolysis and the azidolysis of 1.
Benzylsuccinate Synthase of <i>Azoarcus</i> sp. Strain T: Cloning, Sequencing, Transcriptional Organization, and Its Role in Anaerobic Toluene and <i>m</i> -Xylene Mineralization (2001)

Biochemical studies in Azoarcus sp. strain T have demonstrated that anaerobic oxidation of both toluene and m-xylene is initiated by addition of the aromatic hydrocarbon to fumarate, forming benzylsuccinate and 3-methyl benzylsuccinate, respectively. Partially purified benzylsuccinate synthase was previously shown to catalyze both of these addition reactions. In this study, we identified and sequenced the genes encoding benzylsuccinate synthase from Azoarcus sp. strain T and examined the role of this enzyme in both anaerobic toluene and m-xylene mineralization. Based on reverse transcription-PCR experiments and transcriptional start site mapping, we found that the structural genes encoding benzylsuccinate synthase, bssCAB, together with two additional genes, bssD and bssE, were organized in an operon in the order bssDCABE. bssD is believed to encode an activating enzyme, similar in function to pyruvate formate-lyase activase. bssE shows homology to tutH from Thauera aromatica strain T1, whose function is currently unknown. A second operon that is upstream of bssDCABE and divergently transcribed contains two genes, tdiS and tdiR. The predicted amino acid sequences show similarity to sensor kinase and response regulator proteins of prokaryotic two-component regulatory systems. A chromosomal null bssA mutant was constructed (the bssA gene encodes the alpha-subunit of benzylsuccinate synthase). This bssA null mutant strain was unable to grow under denitrifying conditions on either toluene or m-xylene, while growth on benzoate was unaffected. The growth phenotype of the DeltabssA mutant could be rescued by reintroducing bssA in trans. These results demonstrate that benzylsuccinate synthase catalyzes the first step in anaerobic mineralization of both toluene and m-xylene.