gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Withdrawal Time and Intubation Time in Colonoscopy: Correlation with Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR): ACG Colorectal Cancer Prevention Award (2012)

Purpose: ADR varies amongst endoscopists and may be, in part, dependent on time spent inspecting the colonic mucosa. In addition to measuring the ADR, the US Multi Society Task Force recommends monitoring cecal intubation rate and withdrawal time. However, mandating a minimum withdrawal time of seven minutes has not caused a major impact on ADR. These recommendations have not taken into account the cecal intubation time. Cecal intubation time and withdrawal time may be affected by a technically difficult procedure, patient tolerance, and polypectomy rates. Little is known regarding the relationship between insertion time and withdrawal time, and the association with ADR. Aim: To measure insertion time and withdrawal time for all screening outpatient colonoscopies, and correlate with ADR for each endoscopist. Methods: We reviewed a database of screening colonoscopies over a 12-month period (10/2010-9/2011) by 20 gastroenterologists at an academic medical center. For each endoscopist, we calculated ADR and PDR. Insertion time and withdrawal time were documented for each study, along with measures of patient tolerance characterized by the use of additional opioid medication following induction, a nurse's assessment of patient tolerance, and measures of procedure difficulty such as the use of patient repositioning or abdominal pressure maneuvers. Patient age and gender were also noted. Statistical analysis: Univariate and multivariable analysis. Results: 1,797 screening colonoscopies were performed. Average patient age was 59.1 years (SD± 9.1). Fifty-two percent were men. The overall mean ADR was 29.7% (SD±7.6) and the mean PDR was 47.6% (SD±11.7). Mean insertion time was 11.6 min (SD±7.4) and withdrawal time was 12.3 min (SD±7.2). When insertion times were longer, withdrawal times were shorter (9 vs. 15 min; p< 0.001). When withdrawal times were longer, insertion times were shorter (7.9 vs 15.8 min; p<0.001). Total procedure time was similar in both groups. ADR for each endoscopist is shown in Table 1. After controlling for patient's age and gender and for clustering of endoscopists, ADR was significantly increased if withdrawal time exceeded insertion time (OR 2.74; 95% CI, 2.19 to 3.43) (p <0.001). For every minute withdrawal time exceeded insertion time, an 8% increase in ADR was noted (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.10) (p<0.001).Table: Relationship of withdrawal time compared to intubation time and ADRConclusion: For withdrawal time to be a quality indicator of screening colonoscopy, insertion time should be taken into account. Withdrawal time exceeding insertion time is associated with a significant increase in ADR, and may be an additional marker of quality in colonoscopy. Our data suggest that endoscopists may be compromising withdrawal time when insertion time is prolongued, negatively affecting ADR.
5′ and 3′ Untranslated Regions Strongly Enhance Performance of Geminiviral Replicons in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves (2016)

We previously reported a recombinant protein production system based on a geminivirus replicon that yields high levels of vaccine antigens and monoclonal antibodies in plants. The bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) replicon generates massive amounts of DNA copies, which engage the plant transcription machinery. However, we noticed a disparity between transcript level and protein production, suggesting that mRNAs could be more efficiently utilized. In this study, we systematically evaluated genetic elements from human, viral, and plant sources for their potential to improve the BeYDV system. The tobacco extensin terminator enhanced transcript accumulation and protein production compared to other commonly used terminators, indicating that efficient transcript processing plays an important role in recombinant protein production. Evaluation of human-derived 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) indicated that many provided high levels of protein production, supporting their cross-kingdom function. Among the viral 5' UTRs tested, we found the greatest enhancement with the tobacco mosaic virus omega leader. An analysis of the 5' UTRs from the Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotinana benthamiana photosystem I K genes found that they were highly active when truncated to include only the near upstream region, providing a dramatic enhancement of transgene production that exceeded that of the tobacco mosaic virus omega leader. The tobacco Rb7 matrix attachment region inserted downstream from the gene of interest provided significant enhancement, which was correlated with a reduction in plant cell death. Evaluation of Agrobacterium strains found that EHA105 enhanced protein production and reduced cell death compared to LBA4301 and GV3101. We used these improvements to produce Norwalk virus capsid protein at >20% total soluble protein, corresponding to 1.8 mg/g leaf fresh weight, more than twice the highest level ever reported in a plant system. We also produced the monoclonal antibody rituximab at 1 mg/g leaf fresh weight.
Static and Dynamic Indentation Response of Ion‐Armor™ Glass (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials Procedure Results Conclusion
On Performance of Cache Policies in Named Data Networking (2013)

Named Data Network (NDN) is gaining increasingly concerns, as an important direction of the future Internet architecture research centered on content. Content caching has played a key role in NDN. Existing cache replacement policies like Least Frequently Used (LFU) and Least Recently Used (LRU) have failed to make full use of the popularity of contents, which leads to a low cache efficiency in the dynamic network. In order to make the best use of content popularity in the cache strategy, this paper has proposed a cache replacement policy based on content popularity (CCP), and designed the data structure format and replacement algorithm. For fully studying and analyzing the performance of different cache policies in NDN in terms of network throughput, server load and cache hit ratio, we have done a lot of simulations to show how they will improve the network. The simulation results show that our proposed CCP can significantly decrease the server load with a higher cache hit ratio and increase the network capacity at the same time compared with LRU and LFU. And the average throughput is reduced significantly by nearly 47% in comparison to that of the case without in-networking caching. Moreover, it also shows the performance under different sizes of content store. The effectiveness of the CCP strategy is proved during the simulation.
The economic drivers and environmental outcomes of CDM project development in Vietnam (2011)

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the principal source of carbon offsets in the global market, and is intended to be a key driver of sustainable development and technical transformation in developing countries. The distribution of CDM projects by country has been skewed, with over 75% of registered projects having taken place in just four countries, namely China, India, Brazil and Mexico. A change in this pattern of development may be occurring, however, as smaller developing countries become increasingly active in the carbon market. An example of this is the rapid rise in the number of CDM projects based in Vietnam since early 2009. This paper investigates factors contributing to the growth of CDM projects in Vietnam and describes some of the key features of the projects that have been developed. Hydropower projects are found to dominate new CDM project development in Vietnam. It is suggested that CDM project development in Vietnam may be a tool to support domestic energy security rather than being primarily driven by the intended climate change mitigation and sustainable development objectives of the CDM. It is also possible that Vietnam is emulating the development strategy of China, and may serve as a model for other members of the Least Developed Countries group. A country’s domestic policy choices are critical in determining its attractiveness as a host country for offset projects, and Vietnam’s policy strategies are successfully harnessing synergies between domestic agendas and regulated foreign markets.
NPred: QSAR classification model for identifying plant based naturally occurring anti-cancerous inhibitors (2016)

Prediction of naturally occurring plant based compounds as anticancer agents is the key to developing new chemical entities in the area of therapeutic oncology. A webserver for assessing anticancer potential of phytomolecules has been developed.
Transmission of DCT-coded images by multicarrier modulation for noisy channels (2002)

We have proposed and analyzed a combined source-channel coding scheme using multicarrier modulation. By changing the power and modulation of subchannels carrying different bits of the quantized signal, the channel-induced distortion can be minimized. An algorithm for the subchannel power allocation is derived. For discrete cosine transform (DCT) coded images, multicarrier systems achieve more than a 9-dB improvement over single-carrier systems on very noisy channels.
Introduction to hybrid catalysis (2021)

Motomu Kanai and Matthias Beller introduce the <italic>Organic &amp; Biomolecular Chemistry</italic> themed issue on hybrid catalysis.
Population-based study of the incidence of Shigella diarrhea and causative serotypes in Santiago, Chile (1999)

Shigella remains an important pediatric pathogen in Santiago. The serotype distribution from Colina, which closely resembles data from a population-based surveillance study in Santiago in the mid-1980s, demonstrates a remarkable degree of serotype stability in Santiago during a 15-year period.
Effect of water on the glass transition temperature of poly(hydroxy methylene) (1979)

Abstract The effect of moisture on the glass transition temperature of poly(hydroxy methylene) was investigated by thermal analysis which entailed combinations of DTA and DSC with TGA techniques. As the moisture content increased, the glass transition temperature ( T g ) decreased monotonically from a value ( T go ) of 134°C for the dry polymer toward a finite value ( T gt ) of about 39°C. This response of T g to an increase in the moisture content ( w ) was adequately represented by the general relationship T g = (Δ T g )0 exp{–[ln(Δ T g ) 0 ] w /τ w l } + T gl , recently developed for correlating T g and moisture content of nylon 6 and and found generally applicable to hydrophilic polymers. With (Δ T g )0 = 95, τ = 0.555, and w l = 0.375, good agreement was found between experimental and calculated values for poly(hydroxy methylene).
<b>A rice homolog of Cdk7/MO15 phosphorylates both cyclin‐dependent protein kinases and the carboxy‐terminal domain of RNA polymerase II</b> (1998)

The activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) requires phosphorylation of a threonine residue within the T-loop by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). The R2 protein of rice is very similar to CAKs of animals and fission yeast at the amino acid level but phosphorylation by R2 has not yet been demonstrated. When R2 was overexpressed in a CAK-deficient mutant of budding yeast, it suppressed the temperature sensitivity of the mutation. Immunoprecipitates of rice proteins with the anti-R2 antibody phosphorylated human CDK2, one of the rice CDKs (Cdc2Os1), and the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II of Arabidopsis. Mutational analysis indicated that R2 phosphorylated the threonine residue within the T-loop of CDK2 and Cdc2Os1. R2 was found mainly in two protein complexes which had molecular masses of 190 kDa and 70 kDa, respectively, whilst the CDK- and CTD-kinase activities associated with R2 were identified in a complex of 105 kDa. These results indicate that R2 is closely related to CAKs of animals and fission yeast in terms of its phosphorylation activity and, moreover, that this CAK of rice is distinct from a CAK of the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis.
In Vitro Assays for Neural Stem Cell Differentiation: Induction of Dopaminergic Phenotype (2008)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Symptoms include tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and instability. Neural transplantation is a promising strategy for improving dopaminergic dysfunction in PD provided that the dopaminergic neurons are consistently generated from a renewable source of cells. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the ability to self-renew, generate a large number of progeny, and differentiate into the principal nervous system cell types. As such, stem cells provide an exciting opportunity to understand the basic mechanisms involved in cell differentiation and histogenesis. These mechanisms have translational applications in tissue engineering and biomedicine in general. In vitro differentiation assays are important in cell characterization, in assaying for novel instructive molecules, and in generating specific cell types. We describe differentiation techniques to test NSCs for multipotency and to induce the dopaminergic phenotype in neural stem cell progeny by coculturing them with astrocytes and treating them with conditioned media and basic fibroblastic growth factor.
Thieno[2,3-<i>b</i>]indole-Based Small Push–Pull Chromophores: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Properties (2016)

Small push-pull molecules were synthesized in high yields by connecting a N-methyl or N-phenyl substituted thieno[2,3-b]indole electron-donating block directly to a 2,2-dicyanovinyl or (1-(dicyanomethylene)-3-oxo-1-inden-2-ylidene)methyl electron-withdrawing group. The effects of the N-substitution on thieno[2,3-b]indole and the nature of the electron-accepting group on the electrochemical, optical, and charge-transport properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and the space-charge-limited current method, respectively. These results, together with the 1% power conversion efficiency of a bilayer solar cell prepared with the smallest compound of the series, show the potential of thieno[2,3-b]indole for organic electronics.
Acute myocardial infarction caused by a myocardial bridge treated with intracoronary stenting (1997)

The clinical significance of myocardial bridges (MBs) is variable, and most patients are asymptomatic. However, angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death have been reported in association with MBs. Here we describe the use of intracoronary stenting for the treatment of a patient with an anterior myocardial infarction due to an MB. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:209–212, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inter‐ and Intramolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer of Flavin Derivatives with Extremely Small Reorganization Energies (2010)

Photoinduced electron transfer (ET) of a series of aromatic electron donors (D) to the singlet or triplet excited state of a flavin analogue (10-methylisoalloxazine: MeFl) and intermolecular back electron transfer (BET) from MeFl(*-) to D(*+) in benzonitrile (PhCN) has been investigated in light of the Marcus theory of ET. The rate constants of intermolecular photoinduced ET (k(et)) from D to the singlet excited state ((1)MeFl*) and the triplet excited state ((3)MeFl*) were determined by fluorescence quenching and enhanced decay rates of triplet-triplet (T-T) absorption by the presence of D, respectively. The k(et) values increase with an increase in the ET driving force to reach the diffusion-limit value that remains constant with a further increase in the ET driving force. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis was performed to determine the rate constants of intermolecular BET (k(bet)) from MeFl(*-) to D(*+) in PhCN. In contrast to the case of k(et), the driving force dependence of k(bet) shows a pronounced decrease towards the highly exothermic region. The reorganization energy (lambda) of intermolecular BET is determined to be 0.68 eV by applying the Marcus equation in the inverted region, where the k(bet) value decreases with increasing the BET driving force. The slowest BET was observed for BET from MeFl(*-) to N,N-dimethylaniline radical cation (DMA(*+)) with the k(bet) value of 3.5 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), which is 1600 times smaller than the diffusion rate constant in PhCN (5.6 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)). Then, DMA was linked to the 10-position of isoalloxazine to synthesize a DMA-flavin linked dyad (10-[4'-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-isoalloxazine: DMA-Fl). Photoexcitation of DMA-Fl results in photoinduced ET from the DMA moiety to the singlet excited state of Fl moiety to form the charge-separated (CS) state (DMA(*+)-Fl(*-)) that has an extremely long lifetime (2.1 ms) in PhCN at 298 K.
Nod2 Deficiency Augments Th17 Responses and Exacerbates Autoimmune Arthritis (2018)

Arthritis in a genetically susceptible SKG strain of mice models a theoretical paradigm wherein autoimmune arthritis arises because of interplay between preexisting autoreactive T cells and environmental stimuli. SKG mice have a point mutation in ZAP-70 that results in attenuated TCR signaling, altered thymic selection, and spontaneous production of autoreactive T cells that cause arthritis following exposure to microbial β-glucans. In this study, we identify Nod2, an innate immune receptor, as a critical suppressor of arthritis in SKG mice. SKG mice deficient in Nod2 (Nod2<sup>-/-</sup>SKG) developed a dramatically exacerbated form of arthritis, which was independent of sex and microbiota, but required the <i>skg</i> mutation in T cells. Worsened arthritis in Nod2<sup>-/-</sup>SKG mice was accompanied by expansion of Th17 cells, which to some measure coproduced TNF, GM-CSF, and IL-22, along with elevated IL-17A levels within joint synovial fluid. Importantly, neutralization of IL-17A mitigated arthritis in Nod2<sup>-/-</sup>SKG mice, indicating that Nod2-mediated protection occurs through suppression of the Th17 response. Nod2 deficiency did not alter regulatory T cell development or function. Instead, Nod2 deficiency resulted in an enhanced fundamental ability of SKG CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (from naive mice) to produce increased levels of IL-17 and to passively transfer arthritis to lymphopenic recipients on a single-cell level. These data reveal a previously unconsidered role for T cell-intrinsic Nod2 as an endogenous negative regulator of Th17 responses and arthritogenic T cells. Based on our findings, future studies aimed at understanding a negative regulatory function of Nod2 within autoreactive T cells could provide novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of patients with arthritis.
Coarse Acquisition Performance of Spectral-Encoded UWB Communication Systems in the Presence of Narrow-Band Interference (2006)

It is known that a major practical implementation challenge of ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers is the design of the coarse acquisition stage. Due to the fine time resolution of UWB signals, the acquisition stage has to acquire a large number of low- energy multipath components, with no or little knowledge of the state of the channel. In addition, the complexity further increases with the presence of narrow-band interference (NBI) due to the proposed spectral overlay. Our goal in this paper is to evaluate the affects of the lack of ap rioriknowledge of the channel state and the presence of NBI during acquisition. Maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori procedures for estimation in the presence of NBI are formulated, and two different interference mitigation techniques are evaluated. In particular, this paper considers UWB communication systems that use spectral encoding as both the mul- tiple access scheme and the interference suppression technique. The qualitative results are, however, believed to be valid for any UWB system implementation. It is shown that the acquisition per- formance strongly depends on the amount of ap rioriknowledge of the channel state at the receiver, and on whether or not interference suppression is employed.
&lt;title&gt;Zernike expansions for non-Kolmogorov turbulence&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

We investigate the expression of non-Kolmogorov turbulence in terms of Zernike polynomials. Increasing the power-law exponent of the three-dimensional phase power spectrum from 2 to 4 results in a higher proportion of wavefront energy being contained in the tilt components. Closed-form expressions are given for the variances of the Zernike coefficients in this range. For exponents greater than 4, a von Karman spectrum is used to numerically compute the variances as a function of exponent for different outer-scale lengths. We find in this range that the Zernike-coefficient variances depend more strongly on outer scale than on exponent, and that longer outer-scale lengths lead to more energy in the tilt terms. The scaling of Zernike- coefficient variances with pupil diameter is an explicit function of the exponent.
DVB-RCS for Mobile Satellite Applications (2006)

Interactive services via satellite based on the open standard DVB-RCS are about to reach new markets. Initially standardised and developed for fixed services, the DVB-RCS equipment has become an interesting option also for mobile use. However, orienting the products towards the mobile market demands adjustments and special attention to new challenges. These new challenges are linked to positioning, line-up, tracking, power control, shadowing, Doppler effect and service provisioning. In addition come new environmental requirements as mobile terminals are subject to rougher conditions concerning shocks, vibration, extreme temperatures, dust and humidity. The environmental requirements will not be addressed in this paper. Use of DVB-RCS for mobile services is also a topic on the agenda in the DVB-RCS Forum, where a new appendix to the specification is currently being edited.
A 60-GHz SiGe Radiometer Calibration Switch Utilizing a Coupled Avalanche Noise Source (2020)

This letter presents a novel implementation of a V-band single-pole double-throw switch that facilitates the internal calibration of radiometers by integrating an ambient noise source and an avalanche noise source. The switch is implemented in a 0.13-μm SiGe bipolar-CMOS (BiCMOS) process and uses a shunt topology with λ/4 directional couplers that inject noise from the avalanche source. The avalanche source is implemented using the collector-base junction of a SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) and attains a measured excess noise ratio of 18.7 dB at 60 GHz. The switch achieves a midband insertion loss of 2.0 dB and an isolation of 22 dB at 60 GHz. An excess input-referred noise temperature of 620 K is added with the noise source ON. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first avalanche noise source using a diode-configured SiGe HBT and the first monolithic two-reference switch for calibrating millimeter-wave radiometers.
Optical assessment of edema, perfusion, and oxygen metabolism after severe contusional traumatic brain injury: preliminary results in a swine-model (2022)

We used a hybrid diffuse optical device to quantify the impact of contusional traumatic brain injury on cerebral hemodynamics and tissue water content over a 2-week post-injury period in a swine model.
Castleman disease and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia: a complex diagnostic and management challenge (2016)

No abstract available.
Viewing-zone enlargement method for sampled hologram that uses high-order diffraction (2002)

We demonstrate a method of enlarging the viewing zone for holography that has holograms with a pixel structure. First, aliasing generated by the sampling of a hologram by pixel is described. Next the high-order diffracted beams reproduced from the hologram that contains aliasing are explained. Finally, we show that the viewing zone can be enlarged by combining these high-order reconstructed beams from the hologram with aliasing.