gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Study of 10 MW REBCO Fully Superconducting Synchronous Generator for Electric Aircraft (2019)

Future aircraft are expected to have low noise pollution, low emission, and low fuel consumption. A fully turbo-electric propulsion system was proposed by NASA with these aims. The advantages of fully superconducting rotating machines are their weight and efficiency, owing to a high current density resulting in no iron core and no joule heat. In this paper, 10-MW fully superconducting generators with REBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Oy (RE: Rare Earth, Y, Gd, Eu, and others, REBCO) superconducting tapes were studied in relation to their output power density and efficiency. The target output power density is over 20 kW/kg. Fully superconducting generators of 10 MW were designed, then a numerical simulation of the rated operation was conducted. The ac loss of the superconducting windings, iron loss of the yoke, total efficiency, dry weight, and output power density were evaluated, and their dependence on the operating temperature and the synchronous rotating speed were investigated. Here laser-scribing of the wires into a multifilamentary structure and transposed parallel conductors were introduced for ac loss reduction and current capacity enhancement. Consequently, the efficiency reached 99.2% in the case where the REBCO superconducting tapes were scribed into a 10-filament structure. The best model achieved a power density of 26.7 kW/kg. The iron yoke accounts for approximately half the total weight of all the models. The result suggests that the development of superconducting shields brings significant improvement to the output power density.
Supplementary table 1 from Breast Tumor Kinase (Brk/PTK6) Is Induced by HIF, Glucocorticoid Receptor, and PELP1-Mediated Stress Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinicopathological characteristics of TNBC explant tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Photodynamic therapy and immunity. (1999)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely recognized as a technique with which to treat malignant tumors that are accessible to an activating light source. PDT utilizes light absorbing compounds that catalyse the formation of cytotoxic oxygen species to produce the antitumor effect subsequent to direct light irradiation. PDT also exhibits immunomodulatory attributes. The photodynamic treatment of solid tumors triggers a large influx of granulocytes and macrophages into the region, leading to T-cell mediated anti tumor immunity against residual cancer. In apparent contrast, the application of levels of light less than those required for tumor ablation and over a larger body surface lessened disease severity when applied in murine autoimmune models. Furthermore, PDT is inhibitory for immunologically-mediated reactions to topically applied chemical haptens. The capacity of PDT to influence immune responses appears related to its capacity to target activated T lymphocytes as well as influence the immunostimulatory attributes of antigen presenting cells.
An in vivo competitive repopulation assay for various sources of human hematopoietic stem cells (2000)

The marrow repopulating potential (MRP) of different sources of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was directly compared using an in vivo assay in which severe combined immunodeficient disease (SCID) mice were implanted with human fetal bones. HSCs from 2 human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donors were injected individually or simultaneously into the fetal bones of a 3rd distinct HLA type and donor and recipient myeloid and lymphoid cells were identified after 8 to 10 weeks. The study compared the MRP of umbilical cord blood (CB) and adult bone marrow (ABM) CD34+ cells as well as grafts of each type expanded ex vivo. Equal numbers of CB and ABM CD34+ cells injected individually demonstrated similar abilities to establish multilineage hematopoiesis. However, when CB and ABM cells were transplanted simultaneously, the engraftment of CB cells was markedly superior to ABM. CB and ABM CD34+ cells were expanded ex vivo using either a porcine microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC)-based coculture system or a stroma-free expansion system. Primary CB CD34+ cells or CD34+ cells expanded in either culture system demonstrated a similar ability to engraft. However, the MRP of expanded grafts simultaneously injected with primary CB cells was uniformly inferior to primary CB cells. CD34+ cell grafts expanded in the stroma-free system, furthermore, outcompeted CD34+ cells expanded using the PMVEC coculture system. The triple HLA-mismatched SCID-hu model represents a novel in vivo stem cell assay system that permits the direct demonstration of the functional consequences of ex vivo HSC expansion and ontogeny-related differences in HSCs.
De Novo Design of a β-Helix Tau Protein Scaffold: An Oligomer-Selective Vaccine Immunogen Candidate for Alzheimer’s Disease (2023)

Tau pathology is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), where the spatio-temporal pattern of tau neurofibrillary tangles strongly correlates with disease progression, which motivates therapeutics selective for misfolded tau. Here, we introduce a new avidity-enhanced, multi-epitope approach for protein-misfolding immunogen design, which is predicted to mimic the conformational state of an exposed epitope in toxic tau oligomers. A predicted oligomer-selective tau epitope <sup>343</sup>KLDFK<sup>347</sup> was scaffolded by designing a β-helix structure that incorporated multiple instances of the 16-residue tau fragment <sup>339</sup>VKSEKLDFKDRVQSKI<sup>354</sup>. Large-scale conformational ensemble analyses involving Jensen-Shannon Divergence and the embedding depth <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:math> showed that the multi-epitope scaffolding approach, employed in designing the β-helix scaffold, was predicted to better discriminate toxic tau oligomers than other "monovalent" strategies utilizing a single instance of an epitope for vaccine immunogen design. Using Rosetta, 10,000 sequences were designed and screened for the linker portions of the β-helix scaffold, along with a C-terminal stabilizing α-helix that interacts with the linkers, to optimize the folded structure and stability of the scaffold. Structures were ranked by energy, and the lowest 1% (82 unique sequences) were verified using AlphaFold. Several selection criteria involving AlphaFold are implemented to obtain a lead-designed sequence. The structure was further predicted to have free energetic stability by using Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The synthesized β-helix scaffold showed direct binding in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments to several antibodies that were raised to the structured epitope using a designed cyclic peptide. Moreover, the strength of binding of these antibodies to in vitro tau oligomers correlated with the strength of binding to the β-helix construct, suggesting that the construct presents an oligomer-like conformation and may thus constitute an effective oligomer-selective immunogen.
Modulation and coding aspects for home Gigabit access (OMEGA) using wireless infrared (2009)

In this paper, various modulation schemes are investigated for the Gigabit per second (Gbps) wireless infrared (IR) line-of-sight (LOS) communication.The power and bandwidth efficiency are compared while considering the impact of shot noise and f 2 noise as well as distortions caused by a noise rejection filter and a high-pass filter (HPF) at the receiver.Furthermore, the wireless IR transmission can be seriously deteriorated by the so called "transient baseline wander", which is caused by the inherent high-pass characteristic of the receiver.This signal distortion induced by such an impairment can be mitigated by using a line code such as the "IBM 8B10B code".
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ground and Transition States for the S<sub>N</sub>2 Displacement of Cl<sup>-</sup> from 1,2-Dichloroethane at the Active Site of <i>Xanthobacter autotrophicus</i> Haloalkane Dehalogenase (1998)

Molecular dynamics simulations of ground and transition states have been carried out to 540 ps for the SN2 displacement of Cl- from 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) by the Asp124-CO2- at the active site of the haloalkane dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10. The nucleophilic carboxylate of Asp124-CO2- is electrostatically stabilized in the enzyme−substrate (ES) complex by hydrogen bonding. OD1 of Asp124-CO2- is hydrogen bonded to water396 and the backbone amide hydrogens of Glu56 and Trp125. The nucleophilic oxygen (OD2) of Asp124-CO2- is hydrogen bonded to water323. This is a stable but nonreactive conformation. The kinetically essential near attack conformations (NACs) are formed when water323 dissociates to allow the C(1) of the gauche conformation of DCE to be within ∼3 Å from the nucleophilic OD2 of Asp124-CO2- while Cl(1) is hydrogen bonded to the indole NH of Trp125. By comparing the molecular dynamics simulations for the ES complex and the enzyme transition-state (TS) structure, one can observe the changes in the active site structure in the course of the reaction. In contrast to the NAC with a single hydrogen bond between Trp125 and Cl(1), the TS has two hydrogen bonds to the leaving Cl(1), the Trp125 hydrogen bond (2.43 ± 0.29 Å) and the Trp175 hydrogen bond (2.24 ± 0.19 Å). Assistance of the two tryptophan hydrogen bonds to lowering the activation energy may be about 2 kcal/mol. Certain hydrogen bonds are critical to maintaining the tertiary structure of the active site and essential functions of water molecules in the reaction. On comparing the NAC structures to the transition-state structures, hydrogen-bonding changes are seen. These include the already-mentioned electrostatic interaction of Trp175 with Cl(1) in the TS. In the TS, we also observe the formation of a tight hydrogen-bonding matrix involving the water323, water392, and water396. This matrix exactly positions water392 such that it (i) is a member of the triad Asp260-CO2-···H−(δ)N−His289−(ε)N···water392 and (ii) is aligned correctly to act as a nucleophile toward the carbonyl of the alkyl-ester intermediate (Asp124-CO2−CH2CH2−Cl), formed upon departure of Cl-. In other words, the ground state of the second enzymatic reaction is set up on reaching the transition state of the first reaction. The hydrogen bond between OD2 of Asp260-CO2- and H−(δ)N of His289 exists in both ES and TS structures. Aside from being a part of the catalytic triad for the second reaction, this hydrogen bond is responsible for maintaining the active site structure. Disruption of this hydrogen bond by moving the imidazole proton from H−(δ)N to create H−(ε)N of His289 brings about deep-seated changes in the ES ground state such that NACs are not formed. This hydrogen bond is similar to those between Asp and His in the serine esterases where it may also play a role in the stability of the active site.
Mechanical Properties and Toughening Mechanisms of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Composite (2014)

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is fabricated through spark plasma sintering (SPS). Raman spectroscopy corroborated that MWCNTs survived the harsh sintering process. The MWCNT/YSZ composite exhibits ~ 34% improvement in fracture toughness as compared to YSZ. Grain refinement, MWCNT pullout and crack bridging are the major toughening mechanisms.
New Process for the Preparation of Methyl Carbonates. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alternating-Current Microgrid Testbed Built with Low-Cost Modular Hardware (2023)

With the growing popularity of microgrids for alternative energy management, there is demand for tools that allow us to study the effect of microgrids in distributed power systems. Popular methods involve software simulation and prototype validation with physical hardware. Simulations often do not capture the complex interactions, and combinations of software simulations with hardware testbeds promise to give a more accurate picture. These testbeds, however, usually aim at the validation of hardware for industrial-scale use, which makes them expensive and not readily accessible. To fill the gap between full-scale hardware and software simulation, we propose a modular lab-scale grid model at a 1:100 power scale over residential single-phase networks with 12 V AC and 60 Hz grid voltage. We present different modules-power sources, inverters, demanders, grid monitors, and grid-to-grid bridges-that can be assembled into distributed grids of almost arbitrary complexity. The model voltage poses no electrical hazards, and microgrids can readily be assembled with an open power line model. Unlike a prior DC-based grid testbed, the proposed AC model allows us to examine additional aspects, such as frequency, phase, active and apparent power, and reactive loads. Grid metrics, including the discretely sampled voltage and current waveforms, can be collected and sent to higher-tier grid management systems. We integrated the modules with Beagle Bone micro-PCs, which in turn connect any such microgrid with an emulation platform built on CORE (Common Open Research Emulator) and the Gridlab-D power simulator, thereby allowing hybrid software/hardware simulations. Our grid modules were shown to fully operate in this environment. Through the CORE system, multitiered control and even remote grid management is possible. However, we also found that the AC waveform poses design challenges that require us to balance accurate emulation (most notably with respect to harmonic distortion) with per-module costs.
Cross-Sensor Periocular Biometrics in a Global Pandemic: Comparative Benchmark and Novel Multialgorithmic Approach (2019)

The massive availability of cameras results in a wide variability of imaging conditions, producing large intra-class variations and a significant performance drop if heterogeneous images are compared for person recognition. However, as biometrics is deployed, it is common to replace damaged or obsolete hardware, or to exchange information between heterogeneous applications. Variations in spectral bands can also occur. For example, surveillance face images (typically acquired in the visible spectrum, VIS) may need to be compared against a legacy iris database (typically acquired in near-infrared, NIR). Here, we propose a multialgorithmic approach to cope with periocular images from different sensors. With face masks in the front line against COVID-19, periocular recognition is regaining popularity since it is the only face region that remains visible. We integrate different comparators with a fusion scheme based on linear logistic regression, in which scores are represented by log-likelihood ratios. This allows easy interpretation of scores and the use of Bayes thresholds for optimal decision-making since scores from different comparators are in the same probabilistic range. We evaluate our approach in the context of the Cross-Eyed Competition, whose aim was to compare recognition approaches when NIR and VIS periocular images are matched. Our approach achieves EER=0.2% and FRR of just 0.47% at FAR=0.01%, representing the best overall approach of the competition. Experiments are also reported with a database of VIS images from different smartphones. We also discuss the impact of template size and computation times, with the most computationally heavy comparator playing an important role in the results. Lastly, the proposed method is shown to outperform other popular fusion approaches, such as the average of scores, SVMs or Random Forest.
Analysis and Stability of the Sweetener Sucralose in Beverages (1990)

ABSTRACT The stability of the sweetener sucralose in a range of prototype beverages was confirmed. Storage conditions were chosen to encompass the typical shelf life of the products under investigation plus some extreme conditions. The methods developed for the analysis of the beverages used high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection. The reproducibility of each method was determined by means of recovery experiments. Stored samples were also subjected to sensory evaluation. Sucralose was stable under all the conditions tested thus demonstrating the potential suitability of this sweetener in soft drinks.
Validity check of easy-to-use torsion test method for bioceramics (2018)

This article examines the validity of a test method to determine the torsion strength of bioceramics under in-vivo-mimicking circumstances. The torsion test setup consisted of upper and lower grip jigs, designed to grip dog bone-type bioceramic specimens, and an opening torque tester for PET bottles. A specimen was set on the torque tester through the lower grip jig at the bottom, and the upper grip jig was then mounted on the top end of the specimen. The upper grip jig was rotated by hand to apply torque until the specimen was fractured by the torsion. The torsion strength was calculated using the maximum torque at fracture and the gage diameter. Five calcium phosphate bioceramics were employed for the torsion test. The torsion strength data obtained by this method agreed closely with data measured using a material testing machine with a convertor from the linear crosshead motion into the rotation. Round-robin tests among four different organizations in Japan revealed that the torsion strength data showed good agreement for each sample immersed for 24 hr under phosphate-buffered solution as in-vivo-mimicking circumstances. These results verified the ability of the easy-to-use torsion method to give appropriate strength data with a simple experimental setup.
Phase I study of a brain penetrant mutant IDH1 inhibitor DS-1001b in patients with recurrent or progressive <i>IDH1</i> mutant gliomas. (2019)

2004 Background: WHO grade II/III gliomas frequently harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1) mutations, resulting in intratumoral accumulation of oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) and subsequent clonal expansion. DS-1001b is an oral selective inhibitor of mutant IDH1 R132X that was designed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Methods: In this first-in-human, multicenter, phase I study (NCT03030066), eligible patients (pts) with recurrent/progressive IDH1 mutant glioma received DS-1001b twice daily (bid), continuous. A modified continual reassessment method was used for dose escalation. RANO and RANO-LGG criteria were used to assess tumor response. Pts who planned to undergo salvage surgery after developing progressive disease (PD) and who provided informed consent received DS-1001b treatment until surgery. Tumor samples were also obtained from those pts to measure the free form of DS-1001b and 2-HG levels. Results: Between Jan 2017 and Oct 2018, DS-1001b (125-1400 mg bid) had administered for 45 pts (median age 44 yrs, prior radiation therapy 100%, prior chemotherapy 82%), and 17 pts were continuing treatment. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached. Most AEs were Gr 1-2. Gr 3 AEs were observed in 42.2% of pts. No Gr 4 or 5 AEs or serious drug-related AEs were reported. One dose limiting toxicity was Gr 3 white blood cell count decreased (1000 mg bid). Common AEs ( &gt; 20%) were skin hyperpigmentation, diarrhea, pruritus, nausea, rash, and headache. Of 29 evaluable pts with contrast enhancing gliomas, one, three and 10 achieved complete response, partial response and stable disease (SD), respectively. Of evaluable nine pts with contrast non-enhancing gliomas, two achieved minor response and seven achieved SD. Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) increased dose-dependently. The brain/plasma ratio of free form of DS-1001b ranged 0.19‒0.77 in 3 pts. Conclusions: DS-1001b was well tolerated up to 1400 mg bid with favorable brain distribution, and MTD was not reached. Recurrent/progressive IDH1 mutant glioma pts responded to treatment. Investigation is ongoing to determine the recommended Phase II dose. Clinical trial information: NCT03030066.
Auditory attention strategy depends on target linguistic properties and spatial configuration (2015)

Whether crossing a busy intersection or attending a large dinner party, listeners sometimes need to attend to multiple spatially distributed sound sources or streams concurrently. How they achieve this is not clear-some studies suggest that listeners cannot truly simultaneously attend to separate streams, but instead combine attention switching with short-term memory to achieve something resembling divided attention. This paper presents two oddball detection experiments designed to investigate whether directing attention to phonetic versus semantic properties of the attended speech impacts listeners' ability to divide their auditory attention across spatial locations. Each experiment uses four spatially distinct streams of monosyllabic words, variation in cue type (providing phonetic or semantic information), and requiring attention to one or two locations. A rapid button-press response paradigm is employed to minimize the role of short-term memory in performing the task. Results show that differences in the spatial configuration of attended and unattended streams interact with linguistic properties of the speech streams to impact performance. Additionally, listeners may leverage phonetic information to make oddball detection judgments even when oddballs are semantically defined. Both of these effects appear to be mediated by the overall complexity of the acoustic scene.
Thermal properties of Y <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> Mg <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> TaO <sub> 4− <i>x</i> /2 </sub> ceramics via anion sublattice adjustment (2019)

Abstract A systematic investigation concerned with Y 1− x Mg x TaO 4− x /2 ( x = 0, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.20, respectively) ceramics was fabricated by a solid‐state reaction method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analysis. XRD spectra display that all of the samples are excellently consistent with the standard XRD spectrum of monoclinic YTaO 4 (PDF No. 24‐1415; space group: I 2 (5)). The Raman peaks of the samples doped with Mg 2+ just widen slightly compared with those of pure YTaO 4 , which are in agreement with the results of XRD. The thermal conductivity of dense 7 wt%–8 wt% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (7–8 YSZ) ceramic is about 2.5 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 900 °C, while the Y 1− x Mg x TaO 4− x /2 ( x = 0, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.20) ceramics possess lower thermal conductivity in the range of 1.45–1.57 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 900 °C, which declines by 35% compared with that of 7–8 YSZ. The lower thermal conductivities of Y 1− x Mg x TaO 4− x /2 ( x = 0, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.20) ceramics are originated from the enhanced phonon scattering caused by oxygen vacancy and Mg 2+ ions defect complex. However, the thermal expansion coefficients are about 9.0 × 10 −6 –9.5 × 10 −6 K −1 along with the different amounts of Mg 2+ doping at 1200 °C. Compared to the pure sample, the thermal expansion coefficient decreases slightly when the Mg 2+ doping amount is over 20%. The systematic investigations on the phase, microstructure, elastic and thermal properties of Y 1− x Mg x TaO 4− x /2 ( x = 0, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.20) ceramics will provide guidance for its application at high temperature, especially as thermal barrier coatings.