gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithm Kings: The Birth of Digital Signal Processing (2012)

There will always be signals; they will always need to be processed; and there will always be new technologies and algorithms for implementing the processing. Thus this paper presents the technology and mathematics for signal processing which is continuously growing.
Effects of external stimuli on environmental bacterial strains harboring analgD-lux bioluminescent reporter plasmid for the study of corrosive biofilms (1995)

An alginic acid biosynthesis bioluminescent reporter plasmid, pUTK50, was transconjugated into environmental strains of Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Bioluminescent transconjugates were selected from each strain for investigation of environmental stress factors that promote alginic acid exopolymer biosynthesis in developing biofiims. Environmental stimuli associated with increased levels of alginate synthesis, in a previously developed organism, P. aeruginosa FRD1, were applied to the environmental strains. Increased salt concentrations and higher ratios of nitrate vs ammonium ions as the limiting nitrogen source induced bioluminescence in FRD1 and the environmental strains. However, for environmental strains of P. putida, P. fluorescens and S. maltophilia, polysaccharides were detected with low uronic acids content and different structural components. When tested within a biofilm, S. maltophilia 046 demonstrated exceptional adhesive and corrosive properties while alginic acid synthesis was not high. In most of the environmental strains, periods of increased bioluminescence were induced by external stimuli, but exopolysaccharides other than alginic acid were expressed. It is hypothesized that the environmental strains have homologous but nonidentical promoter sequences which are responsive to certain environmental stimuli and may control genes necessary for the production of alternative exopolysaccharides.
Differential mode of operation for Coriolis vibratory gyro with ring-like resonator (2014)

Search for improving accuracy of the vibratory gyro by reducing influence of manufacturing imperfections has resulted in differential mode of operation. This operation mode allowed us to drive frequency mismatch as close to null as possible. It has also allowed compensating for the damping cross-coupling by arrangement in essence two opposite directed sensing axes in one ring-like resonator. These results have been obtained by keeping a standing wave between the electrodes. Real and possible advantages of the Coriolis vibratory gyro differential mode of operation for the ring-like resonator have been analyzed in this paper.
Predictable topography simulation of SiO<sub>2</sub>etching by C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>8</sub>gas combined with a plasma simulation, sheath model and chemical reaction model (2003)

We have developed a simulation for predicting reactive ion etching (RIE) topography, which is a combination of plasma simulation, the gas reaction model, the sheath model and the surface reaction model. The simulation is applied to the SiO2 etching process of a high-aspect-ratio contact hole using C5 F8 gas. A capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) reactor of an 8-in. wafer was used in the etching experiments. The baseline conditions are RF power of 1500 W and gas pressure of 4.0 Pa in a gas mixture of Ar, O2 and C5F8. The plasma simulation reproduces the tendency that CF2 radical density increases rapidly and the electron density decreases gradually with increasing gas flow rate of C5F8. In the RIE topography simulation, the etching profiles such as bowing and taper shape at the bottom are reproduced in deep holes with aspect ratios greater than 19. Moreover, the etching profile, the dependence of the etch depth on the etching time, and the bottom diameter can be predicted by this simulation.
Transsphenoidal computer-navigation-assisted deflation of a balloon after endovascular occlusion of a direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula. (2001)

A 49-year-old woman with a direct posttraumatic carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) was treated with detachable balloons via a transcarotid route. After the procedure, her intracranial bruit, conjunctival injection, and orbital congestion were cured, but the preexistent sixth nerve palsy deteriorated. CT showed one balloon positioned in the posterior portion of the right cavernous sinus and was regarded to be responsible for nerve compression. After surgical exposure by use of a transnasal-transsphenoidal approach under 3D navigation control, this balloon was deflated by puncture with a 22-gauge needle. The previously described symptoms resolved after balloon deflation. This report presents a rare complication of endovascular treatment of direct CCF and a new microsurgical approach to a balloon in a case of nerve compression.
Ion implantation induced interdiffusion in quantum wells for optoelectronic device integration (2002)

Ion implantation induced intermixing of GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/AGaAs quantum wells was studied using low temperature photoluminescence. Large energy shifts were observed with proton implantation and subsequent rapid thermal annealing. Energy shifts were found to be linear as a function of dose for doses as high as ∼5×1016 cm-2. Proton implantation and subsequent rapid thermal annealing was used to tune the emission wavelength of InGaAs quantum well lasers as well as detection wavelength of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). Emission wavelength of lasers showed blue shift whereas detection wavelength of QWIPs was red shifted with intermixing.
Support for Legacy Real-Time Applications in an HSF-Enabled FreeRTOS - a technical report (2014)

This dissertation presents techniques to achieve predictable execution of coarse-grained software components and for preservation of temporal properties of components during their integration and reuse.The dissertation presents a novel concept runnable virtual node (RVN) which interaction with the environment is bounded both by a functional and a temporal interface, and the validity of its internal temporal behaviour is preserved when integrated with other components or when reused in a new environment. The realization of RVN exploits techniques for hierarchical scheduling to achieve temporal isolation, and the principles from component-based software-engineering to achieve functional isolation. The proof-of-concept case studies executed on a micro-controller demonstrate the preserving of real-time properties within software components for predictable integration and reusability in a new environment, in both hierarchical scheduling and RVN contexts.Further, a multi-resource server (MRS) is proposed and implemented to enable predictable execution when composing multiple real-time components on a COTS multicore platform. MRS uses resource reservation for both CPU-bandwidth and memory-bus bandwidth to bound the interferences between tasks running on the same core, as well as, between tasks running on different cores. The later could, without MRS, interfere with each other due to contention on a shared memory-bus and memory. The results indicated that MRS can be used to encapsulate legacy systems and to give them enough resources to fulfill their purpose. In the dissertation, the compositional schedulability analysis for MRS is also provided and an experimental study is performed to bring insight on the correlation between the server budgets.We believe that the proposed approaches enable a faster software integration and support legacy reuse and that this work transcend the boundaries of software engineering and real-time systems.
stationary Macroparticle Charging (1995)

Abstruct- The charging of liquid metal macroparticles in the rarified part of a vacuum arc plasma jet is studied. The sheath in the vicinity of the macroparticle is collisionless and the problem with different Debye length to macroparticle radius ratios is analyzed. Maxwellian velocity distribution functions with different temperatures for the electrons and ions in an arbitrary ratio are allowed in the model. By solving the equation for the electric field together with the equation for ion and electron flux, the charging time and the near electric field of the macroparticles were calculated. The kinetics of the macroparticle charging are controlled by the ion and electron flux to the macroparticle, which depend on the potential distribution in the sheath. The potential falls off slower than l/r2 in the case of the large Debye length to macroparticle radius ratio, and falls off more rapidly than Us2 in the other case. The charge which accumulates on a macroparticle at distances of about 10 cm from a 1004 cathode is abut C and the charging time is about lop5 s. The auence of the plasma drift velocity on the macroparticle charging is small. The model presented here agrees well with an experimental study of macroparticle repulsion from biased substrates.
Electromagnetic and electromagnetic wave-absorbing properties of the SrTiO3-Epoxy composite (1999)

The effects of SrTiO3 content on the electromagnetic properties and electromagnetic wave-absorbing characteristics of SrTiO3–epoxy composites were investigated. Also, the frequency dispersion behavior of the complex permittivity of composites was demonstrated. The complex permittivity and permeability were measured using a network analyzer in the frequency range of 130 MHz to 10 GHz. As the SrTiO3 content increased, it was found that the complex permittivity and permeability of the composites increased and the resonance frequency moved toward low frequency range. The logarithmic model coincided with the effective permittivity of composite as a function of SrTiO3 content comparatively well. The resonance frequency of composites was found to show good agreement with the theoretical values calculated by the equation proposed in this article. The electromagnetic wave-absorbing behavior showed that the center frequency of attenuation curve was shifted to a lower frequency band with increasing the amount of SrTiO3 and the thickness of composite. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 75–83, 1999
4D Flow MRI Pressure Estimation Using Velocity Measurement-Error-Based Weighted Least-Squares (2019)

This work introduces a 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pressure reconstruction method which employs weighted least-squares (WLS) for pressure integration. Pressure gradients are calculated from the velocity fields, and velocity errors are estimated from the velocity divergence for incompressible flow. Pressure gradient errors are estimated by propagating the velocity errors through Navier-Stokes momentum equation. A weight matrix is generated based on the pressure gradient errors, then employed for pressure reconstruction. The pressure reconstruction method was demonstrated and analyzed using synthetic velocity fields as well as Poiseuille flow measured using in vitro 4D flow MRI. Performance of the proposed WLS method was compared to the method of solving the pressure Poisson equation which has been the primary method used in the previous studies. Error analysis indicated that the proposed method is more robust to velocity measurement errors. Improvement on pressure results was found to be more significant for the cases with spatially-varying velocity error level, with reductions in error ranging from 50% to over 200%. Finally, the method was applied to flow in patient-specific cerebral aneurysms. Validation was performed with in vitro flow data collected using Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) and in vivo flow measurement obtained using 4D flow MRI. Pressure calculated by WLS, as opposed to the Poisson equation, was more consistent with the flow structures and showed better agreement between the in vivo and in vitro data. These results suggest the utility of WLS method to obtain reliable pressure field from clinical flow measurement data.
Isolation and characterization of racemase from <i>Ensifer</i> sp. 23-3 that acts on α-aminolactams and α-amino acid amides (2017)

Limited information is available on α-amino-ε-caprolactam (ACL) racemase (ACLR), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that acts on ACL and α-amino acid amides. In the present study, eight bacterial strains with the ability to racemize α-amino-ε-caprolactam were isolated and one of them was identified as Ensifer sp. strain 23-3. The gene for ACLR from Ensifer sp. 23-3 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant ACLR was then purified to homogeneity from the E. coli transformant harboring the ACLR gene from Ensifer sp. 23-3, and its properties were characterized. This enzyme acted not only on ACL but also on α-amino-δ-valerolactam, α-amino-ω-octalactam, α-aminobutyric acid amide, and alanine amide.
A Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel (CNGC16) in Pollen Is Critical for Stress Tolerance in Pollen Reproductive Development     (2012)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) have been implicated in diverse aspects of plant growth and development, including responses to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as pollen tube growth and fertility. Here, genetic evidence identifies CNGC16 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as critical for pollen fertility under conditions of heat stress and drought. Two independent transfer DNA disruptions of cngc16 resulted in a greater than 10-fold stress-dependent reduction in pollen fitness and seed set. This phenotype was fully rescued through pollen expression of a CNGC16 transgene, indicating that cngc16-1 and 16-2 were both loss-of-function null alleles. The most stress-sensitive period for cngc16 pollen was during germination and the initiation of pollen tube tip growth. Pollen viability assays indicate that mutant pollen are also hypersensitive to external calcium chloride, a phenomenon analogous to calcium chloride hypersensitivities observed in other cngc mutants. A heat stress was found to increase concentrations of 3',5'-cyclic guanyl monophosphate in both pollen and leaves, as detected using an antibody-binding assay. A quantitative PCR analysis indicates that cngc16 mutant pollen have attenuated expression of several heat-stress response genes, including two heat shock transcription factor genes, HsfA2 and HsfB1. Together, these results provide evidence for a heat stress response pathway in pollen that connects a cyclic nucleotide signal, a Ca(2+)-permeable ion channel, and a signaling network that activates a downstream transcriptional heat shock response.
Recent developments in silicon optical modulators (2010)

One of the key enabling components for silicon photonics is a high performance modulator. An overview is given of the modulator research that has been pursued at the University of Surrey and the worldwide state of the art.
Evaluation of the cost saving achieved by centralising total parenteral nutrition compounding (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions are usually prepared by centralised compounding in the Pharmacy Department. <h3>Purpose</h3> To evaluate the cost saving achieved with centralised compounding of TPN solutions (newborns and adults) and product use optimisation in our Pharmacy Department. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> In order to calculate the number of TPN solutions and their cost, The authors studied preparation and dispensing on a single day. Data on the components of each TPN solution prepared were extracted from the software used for TPN compounding (MedicalOne<sup>®</sup> Parenteral). Given the differences in composition, solutions were classified as adult and newborn. For each solution, two different costs were calculated: first the theoretical cost if each TPN solution was prepared separately in another clinical department (considering the cost of whole vials of each component, though in some cases only fractions were needed) and, second, the real cost of TPN solutions prepared in the Pharmacy Department (calculating costs per mililitre and volumes used of each component). The cost saving was calculated as the difference between the theoretical and the real cost of each TPN solution. The mean saving per patient was calculated for adults and for newborns. <h3>Results</h3> On the study day, 49 solutions were prepared: 33 for adults (oncology, 5; critical patients units, 13; surgery, 7; others, 8) and 16 for newborns (neonatology, 4; neonatal intensive care, 12). For adults, the mean cost was €39.53 per solution when prepared in clinical departments and €34.71 per solution when prepared in the Pharmacy department (mean cost saving, €4.82 (12.2%)). For newborns, the mean cost of TPN solutions was €24.71 per solution when prepared in clinical departments and €7.27 per solution when they were prepared in the Pharmacy Department (mean cost saving, €17.44 (70.6%)). <h3>Conclusions</h3> When TPN solutions are compounded centrally, significant cost savings are achieved, especially in newborns. Therefore, Hospital management should implement centralised compounding.
Personalisierte Medizin in der Kinderonkologie: Wo stehen wir heute? (2022)

Die Begriffe „personalisiert“, „individualisiert“, „maßgeschneidert“ oder „zielgerichtet“ in Zusammenhang mit einer Krebsbehandlung sind heute in aller Munde. Sie stehen als Synonym für die moderne Krebsmedizin – für Therapien, die genau an die Bedürfnisse des jeweiligen Patienten angepasst sind. Dieser Beitrag erklärt, was auf dem Gebiet der Kinderonkologie dahintersteckt und in welchen Anwendungen das Konzept bereits relevant für die klinische Praxis ist.
Diagnostic concordance and discordance between angiography-based quantitative flow ratio and fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography in complex coronary artery disease (2022)

In patients with complex CAD, QFR and FFR<sub>CT</sub> were strongly correlated. The location of the lesion in RCA was associated with the highest diagnostic concordance between QFR and FFR<sub>CT</sub>.
MEDU-14. OTX2 CONTROLS AN AXON GUIDANCE GENE EXPRESSION NETWORK TO REGULATE MEDULLOBLASTOMA SELF-RENEWAL (2017)

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly heterogeneous primary malignant pediatric brain cancer that is frequently accompanied by metastatic dissemination and poor long-term prognosis. The most aggressive tumors are refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiation. Our goal is to identify new signaling pathways that regulate the treatment-resistant MB cellular phenotypes, namely the stem cells. We previously discovered that the OTX2 gene, which is amplified or overexpressed in the majority of aggressive MBs, is a central regulator of stem cell function or self-renewal in these tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms by which OTX2 regulates these functions are still unknown. Here, we employed complementary bioinformatics approaches to characterize the OTX2 regulatory network and identified a novel relationship between OTX2 and genes associated with axon guidance signaling in Group 3 and Group 4 MB stem/progenitor cells. Following OTX2 knockdown, transcripts associated with semaphorin, netrin, ephrin and slit signaling were predominantly upregulated. ChIP-sequencing identified putative OTX2 DNA binding sites and revealed statistically significant associations between OTX2 and these axon guidance pathway genes. Group 3 and 4 MB patient samples were evaluated for correlations between expression of axon guidance pathway genes, OTX2 and survival. Semaphorin signaling was the most overrepresented pathway across all datasets with expression of all pathway genes being upregulated following OTX2 KD. Moreover, SEMA4D expression was identified as a novel prognostic biomarker. Functional validation studies demonstrated that increased levels of semaphorin pathway genes are associated with a decrease in self-renewal underscoring a potential tumor suppressive role in these tumors. Downstream pathways known to mediate the effects of semaphorin signaling including, RHOA and MAPK were also differentially expressed following OTX2 KD. Our results offer critical insights into the molecular drivers of the most aggressive MB tumors and provide an informed framework to pursue novel targeted therapies aimed at differentiating MB tumors cells.
Quadriceps Strength Is Influenced by Skeletal Maturity in Adolescents Recovering From Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2020)

Level III-retrospective comparative study.
Feasibility of a New Cuffless Device for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement in Patients With Hypertension: Mixed Methods Study (2019)

Given the good intrauser reproducibility, user-friendliness, and patient experience, all of which facilitate patients to perform frequent measurements, cuffless BP monitoring may change the way patients measure their BP at home in the context of ambulant hypertension management.
Single-Target Sputtring Process for Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films with Precise Composition Control (1991)

The influence of growth conditions on rf-magnetron sputtered lead zirconate titanate (or PZT) thin films has been investigated, and the structural and electrical properties of PZT thin films have been examined. It was found that the Pb content in a sputtered film is proportional to rf power, thereby making it possible to control the film composition precisely. A well-crystallized perovskite structure was obtained by postdeposition annealing at 590°C. A stoichiometric film (i.e., Pb/Zr+Ti=1) had a dielectric constant value of 1180.
Human prion diseases and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) (1997)

Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders which affect a range of mammalian species. In humans they can be inherited and sporadic as well as acquired by exposure to human prions. Prions appear to be composed principally of a conformational isomer of host-encoded prion protein and propagate by recruitment of cellular prion protein. Recent evidence argues that prion protein can also encode disease phenotypes by differences in its conformation and glycosylation. Such molecular analysis of prion strains suggests that new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by BSE exposure. The novel biology of prion propagation may not be unique to these rare degenerative brain diseases.
Building a Secure Biomedical Data Sharing Decentralized App (DApp): Tutorial (2019)

Decentralized apps (DApps) are computer programs that run on a distributed computing system, such as a blockchain network. Unlike the client-server architecture that powers most internet apps, DApps that are integrated with a blockchain network can execute app logic that is guaranteed to be transparent, verifiable, and immutable. This new paradigm has a number of unique properties that are attractive to the biomedical and health care communities. However, instructional resources are scarcely available for biomedical software developers to begin building DApps on a blockchain. Such apps require new ways of thinking about how to build, maintain, and deploy software. This tutorial serves as a complete working prototype of a DApp, motivated by a real use case in biomedical research requiring data privacy. We describe the architecture of a DApp, the implementation details of a smart contract, a sample iPhone operating system (iOS) DApp that interacts with the smart contract, and the development tools and libraries necessary to get started. The code necessary to recreate the app is publicly available.