gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Game Theoretic Approach to Minimize the Completion Time of Network Coded Cooperative Data Exchange (2016)

Abstract—In this paper, we introduce a game theoretic frame-work for studying the problem of minimizing the completion time of instantly decodable network coding (IDNC) for cooperative data exchange (CDE) in decentralized wireless network. In this configuration, clients cooperate with each other to recover the erased packets without a central controller. Game theory is employed herein as a tool for improving the distributed solution by overcoming the need for a central controller or additional signaling in the system. We model the session by self-interested players in a non-cooperative potential game. The utility function is designed such that increasing individual payoff results in a collective behavior achieving both a desirable system performance in a shared network environment and the Pareto optimal solution. Through extensive simulations, our approach is compared to the best performance that could be found in the conventional point-to-multipoint (PMP) recovery process. Numerical results show that our formulation largely outperforms the conventional PMP scheme in most practical situations and achieves a lower delay. Index Terms—Cooperative data exchange, instantly decodable network coding, non-cooperative games, potential game, Nash equilibrium. I.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW PRESSURE TURBINE FOR TURBOCOMPOUNDING APPLICATIONS (2012)

This paper describes the development of a high performance low pressure turbine (LPT) for turbocompounding applications to be used in a 1.0 litre ”cost-effective, ultra-efficient gasoline engine for a small and large segment passenger car”. Under this assumption, a mixed-flow turbine was designed to recover latent energy of discharged exhaust gases at low pressure ratios (1.05 - 1.3) and to drive a small electric generator with a maximum power output of 1.0 kW. The design operating conditions were fixed at 50,000 rpm with a pressure ratio of 1.1. Commercially available turbines are not suitable for this purpose due to the very low efficiencies experienced when operating in these pressure ratio ranges. The low pressure turbine performance was simulated using a commercial CFD software. Then, turbine performance was validated with a comprehensive turbine testing that was accomplished by using the Imperial College turbine test rig. The testing and the simulation conditions were conducted for a range of design equivalent speeds spanning between 80% and 120% at steps of 10% increase. In addition, the impact of the turbocompounding on Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) was also assessed by using a 1-D validated engine model of the engine under study. Three different arrangements for the turbocompounding were assessed: (1) precatalyst, (2) post-catalyst and (3) in the wastegate of the main turbocharger. The outcomes of the simulation were compared to those obtained for the baseline engine and are discussed in the the paper. The 1-D engine simulation had shown that the maximum benefit of the turbocompounding can be achieved when it was located at the post catalyst with maximum BSFC reduction of 2.4% at 1500 rpm and 3.0% of BMEP increase at 1000rpm.
Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on Malassezia furfur (2023)

<i>Malassezia</i> spp. are dimorphic, lipophilic fungi that are part of the normal human cutaneous commensal microbiome. However, under adverse conditions, these fungi can be involved in various cutaneous diseases. In this study, we analysed the effect of ultra-weak fractal electromagnetic (uwf-EMF) field exposure (12.6 nT covering 0.5 to 20 kHz) on the growth dynamics and invasiveness of <i>M. furfur</i>. The ability to modulate inflammation and innate immunity in normal human keratinocytes was also investigated. Using a microbiological assay, it was possible to demonstrate that, under the influence of uwf-EMF, the invasiveness of <i>M. furfur</i> was drastically reduced (d = 2.456, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while at the same time, its growth dynamic after 72 h having been in contact with HaCaT cells both without (d = 0.211, <i>p</i> = 0.390) and with (d = 0.118, <i>p</i> = 0.438) uwf-EM exposure, were hardly affected. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that a uwf-EMF exposure is able to modulate human-β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in treated keratinocytes and at the same time reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human keratinocytes. The findings suggest that the underlying principle of action is hormetic in nature and that this method might be an adjunctive therapeutic tool to modulate the inflammatory properties of <i>Malassezia</i> in related cutaneous diseases. The underlying principle of action becomes understandable by means of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Given that living systems consist mainly of water and within the framework of QED, this water, as a biphasic system, provides the basis for electromagnetic coupling. The oscillatory properties of water dipoles modulated by weak electromagnetic stimuli not only affect biochemical processes, but also pave the way for a more general understanding of the observed nonthermal effects in biota.
Ultrastructure of hybrid chitosan–glycerol phosphate blood clots by environmental scanning electron microscopy (2007)

Chitosan-based polymers have been extensively studied for biomedical applications. Recently, liquid solutions of chitosan in a glycerol phosphate buffer (chitosan-GP) with physiological pH and osmolality were mixed with autologous blood to form hybrid chitosan-GP/blood implants that improved the repair of articular cartilage lesions in a large animal model. The mixture of chitosan-GP and blood forms a viscous liquid, which solidifies in minutes via normal blood coagulation as well as chitosan-mediated mechanisms. Here we have examined the ultrastructure of these chitosan-GP/blood clots as well as regular blood clots and chitosan-GP gels, the latter produced by heating. Both unfixed and fixed samples of chitosan-GP/blood clots, regular blood clots, and chitosan-GP gels were investigated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), the former permitting direct observation of the ultrastructure in hydrated conditions simulating the natural state. By examination of unfixed specimens using ESEM we found that chitosan formed a network structure in both chitosan-GP gels and chitosan-GP/blood clots; however this structure was altered by aldehyde fixation to produce artifactual aggregates of chitosan microparticles. We were also able to identify chitosan in chitosan-GP/blood clots by washing samples in low concentration NaCl solutions followed by local EDS analyses to identify excess chloride versus sodium, and thus presence of cationic chitosan in analyzed features. Additional results indicated that the majority of glycerol phosphate diffuses freely from chitosan-GP gels (by EDS of phosphorus) and that hyperosmotic paraformaldehyde-based fixatives (i.e. 4% w/v) significantly disturb erythrocyte morphology in fixed whole blood clots.
SRS Travelling Fellowship (1998)

A 3-week tour of the Far East was coordinated by Dr. Ronald DeWald, senior travelling fellow appointed by the Scoliosis Research Society. Three junior fellows appointed by the Education Committee of the Scoliosis Research Society accompanied him. The purpose of this fellowship was to develop a comaraderie and exchange ideas, thoughts, and experiences in the field of spinal deformity.
An improved modulation strategy for a hybrid multilevel inverter (2002)

Multilevel cascaded and hybrid inverter systems conventionally use three level bipolar PWM for each individual inverter, with their carriers phase shifted to achieve maximum harmonic cancellation within each phase leg. This has been shown to give a harmonic performance equivalent to APOD modulation of a NPC multilevel inverter, when the switching frequencies are scaled to achieve the same number of overall switch transitions. In contrast, PD modulation of a NPC inverter is harmonically superior, because it places harmonic energy directly into the carrier harmonic for each phase leg, and relies on cancellation of this harmonic across phase legs as the line-to-line voltage is developed. Using this understanding, a new discontinuous modulation strategy is proposed for a hybrid inverter which achieves a similar level of improvement in line-to-line harmonics compared to conventional three level modulation of this type of inverter.
Scalable Vehicle Team Continuum Deformation Coordination With Eigen Decomposition (2021)

The continuum deformation leader–follower cooperative control strategy models vehicles in a multiagent system as particles of a deformable body. A desired continuum deformation is defined based on leaders’ trajectories and acquired by followers in real time through local communication. The existing continuum deformation theory requires followers to be placed inside the convex simplex defined by leaders. This constraint is relaxed in this article. We prove that, under suitable assumptions, any <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n+1$</tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n=1,2,3$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) vehicles forming an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> -D simplex can be selected as leaders while followers, arbitrarily positioned inside or outside the leading simplex, can acquire a desired continuum deformation in a decentralized fashion. The article’s second contribution is to assign a one-to-one mapping between leaders’ smooth trajectories and homogeneous deformation features obtained by continuum deformation eigendecomposition. Therefore, a safe and smooth continuum deformation coordination can be planned either by shaping homogeneous transformation features or by choosing appropriate leader trajectories. This is beneficial to efficiently plan and guarantee collision avoidance in a large-scale group. A simulation case study is reported in which a virtual convex simplex contains a quadcopter vehicle team at any time <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula> ; A* search is applied to optimize quadcopter team continuum deformation in an obstacle-laden environment.
Strategies for More Effective Six-Second Video Advertisements (2020)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Six-second advertisements are a recent advertising format growing in popularity. Despite their growth, little insight exists on how to craft successful six-second advertisements. The format presents challenges to advertisers because of its brevity, which limits what can be shown and conveyed. The current study develops an understanding of how six-second advertisements can be made more effective by leveraging research in advertising and screen media as well as analyzing data drawn from an agency dataset, popular press articles, social media, and interviews. The authors detail several immediately actionable strategies that can be used to improve the effectiveness of six-second advertisements.
Robust amf performance in non-gaussian clutter using self-censoring (2005)

This paper discusses the performance of the adaptive matched filter (AMF) in impulsive clutter backgrounds modelled as a spherically invariant random process. Three different techniques are used to determine the weights of the adaptive matched filter. It is shown that a self censoring reiterative approach for calculating the weights results in robust performance for a large class of clutter scenarios ranging from highly impulsive clutter to Gaussian clutter backgrounds. Performance analysis is presented in terms of the output signal-to-noise-ratio of the AMF.
Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe Holder (1997)

To the Editor: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become widely used in cardiac and major vascular surgery, as well as in other operating room procedures. The TEE probes and machines, however, were designed for environments other than the busy operating room. TEE probes are precision instruments that, although durable and robust, are not able to withstand dropage and mishandling. These probes are quite expensive ($20,000-$50,000), and repairs are costly. Furthermore, repairs take the probes out of service for a period of time. To our knowledge, there is no marketed system available for securing a TEE probe in the operating room when it is not being actively used for an examination. We have seen the TEE probe laying across or between the valves of the anesthesia circle system at multiple institutions. That precarious position predisposes the TEE probe to falling and potentially cracking the control housing. It also may cause disconnection of the anesthesia circuit. Other devices such as chemistry laboratory claw clamps have been used, but these could damage the TEE probe if over-tightened. We have built a satisfactory system using an existing TEE probe holder manufactured by Hewlett Packard (Palo Alto, CA) (Figure 1 and Figure 2). Attached to that rubber, conically bored TEE housing is a steel metal rod with a universal clamp. The clamp can be attached to an intravenous pole, monitoring bar, or ether screen device. Because the universal joint allows for movement up and down the metal bar, as well as infinite rotational possibilities, it is always possible to find a satisfactory place to store the TEE when it is not being used for an examination or when continuous transgastric short axis ventricular function monitoring is desired. Also important is the velcro strap that allows the TEE to be secured so that if any movement of the housing occurs, the TEE probe cannot simply drop. The cost of this TEE housing was $70.00, and we have constructed four to always have one available wherever the TEE is to be used in the operating rooms.Figure 1: Transesophageal echocardiography in housing suspended from "ether screen" crossbar.Figure 2: Close up of rubber transesophageal echocardiography holder.Bruce D. Spiess, MD David A. Bruck Department of Anesthesiology; University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA 98195
Topical lidocaine patch relieves postherpetic neuralgia more effectively than a vehicle topical patch: results of an enriched enrollment study (1999)

This study compared the efficacy of topical lidocaine patches versus vehicle (placebo) patches applied directly to the painful skin of subjects with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) utilizing an 'enriched enrollment' study design. All subjects had been successfully treated with topical lidocaine patches on a regular basis for at least 1 month prior to study enrollment. Subjects were enrolled in a randomized, two-treatment period, vehicle-controlled, cross-over study. The primary efficacy variable was 'time to exit'; subjects were allowed to exit either treatment period if their pain relief score decreased by 2 or more categories on a 6-item Pain Relief Scale for any 2 consecutive days. The median time to exit with the lidocaine patch phase was greater than 14 days, whereas the vehicle patch exit time was 3.8 days (P < 0.001). At study completion, 25/32 (78.1%) of subjects preferred the lidocaine patch treatment phase as compared with 3/32 (9.4%) the placebo patch phase (P < 0.001). No statistical difference was noted between the active and placebo treatments with regards to side effects. Thus, topical lidocaine patch provides significantly more pain relief for PHN than does a vehicle patch. Topical lidocaine patch is a novel therapy for PHN that is effective, does not cause systemic side effects, and is simple to use.
Development of the thermal flow meter (2003)

We have developed a new gas meter called the thermal flow meter. The operating principle of this meter is heat transfer, but what makes it different from any other meter is the fact that it positions its thermal sensors near the inner walls of the pipe. This at first might seem to be a ridiculous way of measuring flow, but we will explain about how accurate flow measurement was accomplished, and also how, compared to gas meters now in use, we were able to make it much smaller, light weight, and even cheaper.
Federated Learning Games for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces via Causal Representations (2023)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of robust Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) phase-shifts configuration over heterogeneous communication environments. The problem is formulated as a distributed learning problem over different environments in a Federated Learning (FL) setting. Equivalently, this corresponds to a game played between multiple RISs, as learning agents, in heterogeneous environments. Using Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM) and its FL equivalent, dubbed FL Games, we solve the RIS configuration problem by learning invariant causal representations across multiple environments and then predicting the phases. The solution corresponds to playing according to Best Response Dynamics (BRD) which yields the Nash Equilibrium of the FL game. The representation learner and the phase predictor are modeled by two neural networks, and their performance is validated via simulations against other benchmarks from the literature. Our results show that causality-based learning yields a predictor that is 15% more accurate in unseen Out-of-Distribution (OoD) environments.
Performance of angiographic, electrocardiographic and MRI methods to assess the area at risk in acute myocardial infarction (2011)

Objective Validation of methods to assess the area at risk (AAR) in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction is limited. A study was undertaken to test different AAR methods using established physiological concepts to provide a reference standard. Main outcome measured In 78 reperfused patients with first ST elevation myocardial infarction, AAR was measured by electrocardiographic (Aldrich), angiographic (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI), APPROACH) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance methods (T2-weighted hyperintensity and delayed enhanced endocardial surface area (ESA)). The following established physiological concepts were used to evaluate the AAR METHODS: (1) AAR size is always ≥ infarct size (IS); (2) in transmural infarcts AAR size=IS; (3) correlation between AAR size and IS increases as infarct transmurality increases; and (4) myocardial salvage ((AAR-IS)/AAR×100) is inversely related to infarct transmurality. Results Overall, 65%, 87%, 76%, 87% and 97% of patients using the Aldrich, BARI, APPROACH, T2-weighted hyperintensity and ESA methods obeyed the concept that AAR size is ≥IS. In patients with transmural infarcts (n=22), Bland-Altman analysis showed poor agreement (wide 95% limits of agreement) between AAR size and IS for the BARI, Aldrich and APPROACH methods (95% CI -22.9 to 29.6, 95% CI -28.3 to 21.3 and 95% CI -16.9 to 20.0, respectively) and better agreement for T2-weighted hyperintensity and ESA (95% CI -6.9 to 16.6 and 95% CI -4.3 to 18.0, respectively). Increasing correlation between AAR size and IS with increasing infarct transmurality was observed for the APPROACH, T2-weighted hyperintensity and ESA methods, with ESA having the highest correlation (r=0.93, p<0.001). The percentage of patients within a narrow margin (±30%) of the inverse line of identity between salvage extent and infarct transmurality was 56%, 76%, 65%, 77% and 92% for the Aldrich, BARI, APPROACH, T2-weighted hyperintensity and ESA methods, respectively, where higher percentages represent better concordance with the concept that the extent of salvage should be inversely related to infarct transmurality. Conclusions For measuring AAR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance methods are better than angiographic methods, which are better than electrocardiographic methods. Overall, ESA performed best for measuring AAR in vivo.
Divinyl Sulfone (2021)

[77-77-0] C4H6O2S (MW 118.17) InChI = 1S/C4H6O2S/c1-3-7(5,6)4-2/h3-4H,1-2H2 InChIKey = AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (bifunctional Michael acceptor that gives six-membered ring heterocycles with primary amines1 or analogous reagents2; furnishes γ-diketones in the reaction with aldehydes and a thiazolium salt (Stetter reaction)3; reasonably powerful dienophile4) Physical Data: bp 233–234 °C; bp 90–92 °C/8mmHg; mp ca. −26 °C; d 1.177 g cm−3. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid; commonly stabilized with hydroquinone; widely available. Preparative Methods: by dehydration of bis-β-hydroxyethyl sulfone with phosphoric acid at 280 °C or by pyrolysis of bis-β-acetoxyethyl sulfone at 500 °C.5 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: toxic, corrosive liquid; vesicant and mild lachrymator; to be handled with care; use in a fume hood.
Veränderung von Körpergewicht, metabolischen Parametern, Lebensqualität und Gesundheitskosten während eines vierjährigen konservativen, voll kassenfinanzierten Adipositas-Programms (#52) (2022)

Einleitung Das Universitätsklinikum Leipzig bietet zusammen mit der Krankenkasse AOK PLUS (Sachsen und Thüringen) ein vollständig kassenfinanziertes vierjähriges konservatives Adipositas-Programm für Personen mit Body-Mass-Index≥35 kg/m2 an. Durch das Programm sollen langfristig die Risiken für Folgeerkrankungen gesenkt und damit auch die Gesundheitskosten gesenkt werden.
Predicting the Generalization Gap in Deep Networks with Margin Distributions (2018)

As shown in recent research, deep neural networks can perfectly fit randomly labeled data, but with very poor accuracy on held out data. This phenomenon indicates that loss functions such as cross-entropy are not a reliable indicator of generalization. This leads to the crucial question of how generalization gap should be predicted from the training data and network parameters. In this paper, we propose such a measure, and conduct extensive empirical studies on how well it can predict the generalization gap. Our measure is based on the concept of margin distribution, which are the distances of training points to the decision boundary. We find that it is necessary to use margin distributions at multiple layers of a deep network. On the CIFAR-10 and the CIFAR-100 datasets, our proposed measure correlates very strongly with the generalization gap. In addition, we find the following other factors to be of importance: normalizing margin values for scale independence, using characterizations of margin distribution rather than just the margin (closest distance to decision boundary), and working in log space instead of linear space (effectively using a product of margins rather than a sum). Our measure can be easily applied to feedforward deep networks with any architecture and may point towards new training loss functions that could enable better generalization.
CEPC-SPPC Preliminary Conceptual Design Report. 1. Physics and Detector (2015)

A study group was formed in Beijing in September 2013 to investigate the feasibility of a high energy Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) as a Higgs and/or Z factory, and a subsequent Super proton-proton Collider (SPPC). A provisional organization structure and a management team, consisted mostly of Chinese physicists, were established to guide the initial study [1]. The group aims at establishing an international collaboration on CEPC-SPPC after sufficient progress has been made in China or it has been given government funding for RD Volume 2 describes the CEPC accelerator design and SPPC consideration, and the associated civil engineering [2]. The contents presented are preliminary and are predominately focused on the CEPC. Formal CDR and TDR work will follow.