gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Calcium Antagonist Activity of Dialkyl 1,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(nitrogenous heteroaryl)-3,5-pyridine Dicarboxylates (1992)

A new series of 4-(nitrogenous heteroaryl)-1,4-dihydropyridine antagonists II - XVI were synthesized and screened for inotropic, chronotropic and calcium antagonist properties, in order to evaluate the effect on pharmacological activity of replacement of the 4-aryl group of nifedipine-like drugs by heterocyclic moieties, such as quinoline, indole, carbazole and pyrazole. The most potent bradycardic compounds of the series ( VIII - X , XII and XIII ) elicited weak calcium antagonist activity and were stronger negative inotropic.
Comparison of Lithium Niobate Based Multicycle Terahertz Sources for Pulse Shape Control (2022)

Efficiency and pulse shape quality of lithium niobate-based multicycle THz pulse source conceptions were systematically investigated by high-level numerical calculations.
Regularization in Full Waveform Inversion: OBC vs Streamer Data Results Over a Gas Cloud (2019)

Summary In recent years full-waveform inversion has become very popular as a velocity model building tool, especially in areas with complex overburden. Inversion of OBC data usually provides better resolution of the velocity models than one of streamer data due to better azimuth coverage, illumination and longer offsets. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the regularization term in the misfit function on the inversion results. For this purpose, we establish two reference cases on OBC and streamer data, where inversion results are obtained using similar parameter setups. In these reference tests gradients are pre-conditioned by conventional 3D gradient operator of the same size. Inversion of OBC data results in the best resolved velocity model. When we precondition the gradient by the regularization instead of a 3D gaussian operator, the resolution of the velocity model obtained from FWI on streamer data considerably improves. The acquisition footprint reduces. The details in the velocity model are somewhat similar to those visible on the reference case from OBC data.
Cross-talk noise and storage capacity of holographic memories with a LiNbO_3 crystal in the open-circuit condition (1998)

A solution to the Kukhtarev equations is obtained for a typical holographic memory system in which multiplexed holograms, including the effects owing to a nonuniform beam profile in the focal regions, are used. The various noise mechanisms and storage capacity are analyzed on the basis of this solution. The cross-talk noise of a typical 4f holographic memory configuration with defocus is compared with that of a phase mask. It is shown that the memory capacity and the signal-to-noise can be significantly improved by design of an optimal phase mask. The experimental results with defocus and an eight-level phase mask are presented.
Syntheses of (R)- and (S)-Proxyphylline. (1984)

Synthese a partir de theophylline et des composes chiraux L-alanine et S-lactate d'ethyle respectivement
Prognostic Value of Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 (LAG3) in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> Therapeutic targeting of inhibitors of the immune response has reached the clinical setting. Inhibitors of the novel receptor LAG3, which negatively regulates T-cell activation, are under investigation. Here we explore the presence and prognostic role of LAG3 in cancer. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic search of electronic databases identified publications exploring the effect of LAG3 on overall survival (OS) and (for early-stage cancers) disease-free survival (DFS). Hazard ratios (HR) were pooled in a meta-analysis using generic inverse-variance and random effect modeling. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on disease site and tumor type. <b>Results:</b> Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. LAG3 was associated with better overall survival [HR 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-0.99; <i>P</i> = 0.04], with subgroup analysis showing no significant differences between disease-site subgroups. The beneficial effect of LAG3 on OS was of greater magnitude in early-stage malignancies (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.88) than in the metastatic setting (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.70-2.05), but this difference was not statistically significant (subgroup difference <i>p</i> = 0.18). LAG3 did not have a significant association with DFS [HR 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-1.37; <i>P</i> = 0.87], with subgroup analysis showing worse DFS in patients with lymphoma and improved DFS in those with breast cancer. <b>Conclusions:</b> High expression of LAG3 is associated with favorable overall survival in several solid tumors. A trend toward an association in early-stage disease suggests the importance of immune surveillance in this setting.
Phase stability, local chemical disorder and its effect on the mechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloys (2016)

Equiatomic TaNbHfZr and TaNbHfZrTi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been investigated for their phase stability, short-range clustering (SRC) type chemical ordering, other structural phenomena and and the effects on strengthening. Ab-initio calculations have been done to determine the thermodynamic stability parameters. The as-cast structures do not contain any local chemical order, but the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies reveal their locally distorted lattice. The local lattice distortion of the average structure in their as-cast and annealed state is quantified by refining atomic displacement parameters (ADPs) from single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and powder neutron diffraction (ND) studies. The static component of the ADPs appears to dominate over the thermal ADP, suggesting a high degree of local lattice distortion in the HEAs. The lattice distortions cause solid-solution like strengthening, which increases the hardness of the HEAs by a factor of 2-3 compared to the rule of mixture. The SRCs that form in the annealed HEAs have a planar profile perpendicular to the &lt;1 0 0&gt; directions. The SRCs mainly are co-clustering of Zr and Hf. The SRCs have a higher atomic volume causing local tetragonal lattice distortions, which in terms produce diffuse streak-like intensities in the XRD datasets and in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the HRTEM lattice images. The presence of SRCs locally reduces the lattice potential energy of the structure and puts additional energy barrier to the movement of dislocations. This increases the hardness causing around 50% of additional strengthening in the annealed HEAs. Thermodynamic analysis shows that the relaxed structure containing the SRCs lower the enthalpy and the configurational entropy.
Human intestinal V delta 1+ T cells obtained from patients with colon cancer respond exclusively to SEB but not to SEA. (1995)

The function and activation requirements for gamma delta T cells residing in the human intestine are still poorly defined. We have established two gamma delta + T cell tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) lines derived from a primary colorectal cancer (gamma delta TIL No. 3481), and from a colorectal cancer lesion metastatic to the liver (gamma delta TIL No. 7279). Both gamma delta TIL lines used exclusively the V delta 1 segment and predominantly the V gamma 2 segments of the T cell receptor (TCR) variable regions and lysed allogeneic colorectal cancer cell lines, e.g. HCT 116, but not natural killer/lymphokine-activated-killer-sensitive target cell lines, e.g. K562 or Daudi. gamma delta T cell effector functions were evaluated on the basis of their recognition and cytolysis of colorectal cancer cell lines, T cell proliferation, and interferon (IFN)-gamma release. Both gamma delta T cell lines exhibited similar responses to the staphylococcal superantigens (SE) A and B. SEA and SEB did not influence target cell cytolysis of colon cancer targets. Neither gamma delta + T cell line responded to SEA as measured by IFN-gamma release of T cell proliferation. In marked contrast, SEB induced T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma release in the absence of stimulator cells. SEB induced secretion of IFN-gamma by gamma delta T cells which could be augmented if stimulator cells (HCT116) were also added to gamma delta T cells. On the basis of these data, we suggest that intestine-derived V delta 1/V gamma 2+ T cells respond preferentially to SEB and not to SEA. This disparity may reflect the inherently higher affinity of individual gamma delta TCR subsets for SEB but not to SEA and/or indicate that a subset of gamma delta + TILs in patients with colon cancer may be preferentially expanded with a TCR rearrangement favoring the interaction with SEB. The induction of IFN-gamma release and proliferative gamma delta + T cell responses by SEB suggests a pivotal role for intestinal gamma delta T cells in mediating immune responses against bacteria and bacterial products, or potentially in anti-tumor-directed immunity. Such immune responses mediated by gamma delta + T cells may take place prior to the maturation of antigen-specific MHC-restricted alpha beta + T cell responses.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in an Elderly Finnish Population (1994)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was investigated in a northern Finnish community population aged 70 years or over. Of the eligible 483 persons, 78.5% (n = 379) took part in the study. The presence of diabetes mellitus was assessed by questions about the participants' previously diagnosed diabetes and 2 h oral glucose tolerance tests, which were performed according to the current WHO criteria. Only the participants who were on oral hypoglycaemic drugs or insulin treatment were excluded from the 2 h oral glucose tolerance tests. In the total population the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was 22.0% among men and 28.2% among women; the difference between sexes was not significant (women's risk ratio (RR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-1.9). Among those aged 80 years or over the risk ratio for women was 11.3 compared with men (95% CI 1.6-79.5). Among men the prevalence was higher in the age group 70-79 years compared with those aged 80 years or over (RR 8.1, 95% CI 1.2-57.1). By contrast, among women, diabetes was less common among those aged 70-79 years compared with those aged 80 years or over (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0). The proportion of undiagnosed diabetes was clearly over one-third among men and just over one-third among women. Of men, 31.9% suffered from impaired glucose tolerance; the corresponding figure for women was 35.3%. The comparatively high proportion of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance among elderly people lends support to the more frequent use of the 2 h glucose tolerance test in clinical practice.
Chronic Delivery of Antibody Fragments Using Immunoisolated Cell Implants as a Passive Vaccination Tool (2011)

The chronic local release of antibodies using immunoisolated polymer cell implants represents an alternative passive vaccination strategy in Alzheimer's disease. This novel technique could potentially benefit other diseases presently treated by local and systemic antibody administration.
Supplemental Data 9 from Upregulation of MAPK Negative Feedback Regulators and RET in Mutant ALK Neuroblastoma: Implications for Targeted Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental data 9: Summary of Gene Set Enrichment analysis results performed on expression data upon ALK inhibition in 10 cell lines&lt;/p&gt;
A Spatial RAKE-Receiver for Real-Time UWB-IR Applications (2006)

Ultra wideband systems are hard to implement in standard CMOS technology. In this paper we present a novel spatial RAKE-receiver, exploring mixed-mode circuits for symbol detection and inverter delay lines for synchronization. The receiver is implemented as a RAKE structure combining digital shift registers with analog computation in a series of parallel taps of a synchronizing delay line. In each parallel bit stream the incoming signal is cross-correlated with a stored template. By combining a delay line and a mixed-mode correlator we can explore multipath reflections in a time domain statistical computation for symbol recovery.
Nerve Regeneration in Rat Limb Allografts (2013)

Collected data reinforce that adequate immunosuppressant administration in cases of allogeneic limb transplantation ensures levels of nerve regeneration and motor functional recovery equivalent to that of syngeneic transplants. Prompt rescue following acute rejection was further demonstrated not to significantly affect nerve regeneration and functional recovery postoperatively. However, instances of acute rejection that occur late after reconstruction affect graft function. In total, the present study begins to characterize the effect of immunosuppression regimens on nerve regeneration and motor recovery in the setting of composite tissue allografts.
Additional file 1: of Assessing lower track studentsâ learning in science inference skills in Singapore (2019)

Elaborations and relevant data. (DOCX 30 kb)
Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammation and the Blood Brain Barrier in Older Surgical Patients: The Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders Study (2020)

Abstract Background Our understanding of the relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains limited, which poses an obstacle to the identification of blood-based markers of neuroinflammatory disorders. To better understand the relationship between peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) markers of inflammation before and after surgery, we aimed to: examine whether surgery compromises the blood-brain barrier (BBB), evaluate postoperative changes in inflammatory markers, and assess the correlations between plasma and CSF levels of inflammation. Methods We examined the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study of adults aged ≥ 65 who underwent elective hip or knee surgery under spinal anesthesia who had plasma and CSF samples collected at baseline and postoperative 1 month (PO1MO) (n = 29). Plasma and CSF levels of three inflammatory markers previously identified as increasing after surgery were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and chitinase 3-like protein (also known as YKL-40). Integrity of the BBB was computed as the ratio of CSF/plasma albumin levels (Qalb). Mean Qalb and levels of inflammation were compared between baseline and PO1MO. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine correlation between biofluids. For the plasma-CSF biofluids with significant correlations, we determined whether the markers were associated by using linear regression models. Results Mean Qalb did not change between baseline and PO1MO. Plasma and CSF levels of IL-6, CRP, and YKL-40 were higher on PO1MO relative to baseline, with a disproportionally higher increase in CSF levels relative to plasma levels (IL-6 doubled and CRP tripled in CSF). Significant plasma-CSF correlations for CRP (baseline r = 0.70 and PO1MO r = 0.89, p &lt; .01 for both) and IL-6 (PO1MO r = 0.48, p &lt; .01) were observed, with higher correlations on PO1MO compared with baseline. Conclusions In this elective surgical sample of older adults, BBB integrity was similar between baseline and PO1MO, inflammation levels were higher PO1MO than baseline, and plasma-CSF correlations were observed for CRP and IL-6. Our identification of potential promising plasma markers of inflammation in the CNS may facilitate the early identification of patients at greatest risk for neuroinflammation and its associated adverse cognitive outcomes.
Complexity in pH-Dependent Ribozyme Kinetics: Dark p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Shifts and Wavy Rate–pH Profiles (2017)

Charged bases occur in RNA enzymes, or ribozymes, where they play key roles in catalysis. Cationic bases donate protons and perform electrostatic catalysis, while anionic bases accept protons. We previously published simulations of rate-pH profiles for ribozymes in terms of species plots for the general acid and general base that have been useful for understanding how ribozymes respond to pH. In that study, we did not consider interaction between the general acid and general base or interaction with other species on the RNA. Since that report, diverse small ribozyme classes have been discovered, many of which have charged nucleobases or metal ions in the active site that can either directly interact and participate in catalysis or indirectly interact as "influencers". Herein, we simulate experimental rate-pH profiles in terms of species plots in which reverse protonated charged nucleobases interact. These analyses uncover two surprising features of pH-dependent enzyme kinetics. (1) Cooperativity between the general acid and general base enhances population of the functional forms of a ribozyme and manifests itself as hidden or "dark" pK<sub>a</sub> shifts, real pK<sub>a</sub> shifts that accelerate the reaction but are not readily observed by standard experimental approaches, and (2) influencers favorably shift the pK<sub>a</sub>s of proton-transferring nucleobases and manifest themselves as "wavy" rate-pH profiles. We identify parallels with the protein enzyme literature, including reverse protonation and wavelike behavior, while pointing out that RNA is more prone to reverse protonation. The complexities uncovered, which arise from simple pairwise interactions, should aid deconvolution of complex rate-pH profiles for RNA and protein enzymes and suggest veiled catalytic devices for promoting catalysis that can be tested by experiment and calculation.
Optogenetic light pulses generator (2017)

To date, optogenetics is one of the most popular methods in the world in neuroscience. There are new equipment and devices created to keep the progress of this method. This article describes a light pulse generator developed at the Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, designed for optogenetic experiments.
Presentation of <i>Salmonella</i> antigens by peritoneal cells of normal and <i>Salmonella</i>‐infected mice (1990)

A comparison of the ability of normal peritoneal cells (PC) and those harvested from mice 1-3 days after intraperitoneal immunization with live Salmonella enteritidis 11RX (11RX) to present antigen to 11RX-primed T cells was made using formalin-killed 11RX and a soluble 11RX antigen extract as antigens. Unfractionated PC and the adherent and non-adherent PC populations were analysed separately and the effects of the lysosomal function-impairing drug chloroquine and the fixative paraformaldehyde, used before or after antigen-pulsing, were also determined. The results presented indicate that immunization with live 11RX did not induce any detectable modulation of APC function which could account for the ability of live 11RX to induce cell-mediated immune responses involving Lyt 2+ T cells.
High-speed ionic synaptic memory based on two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene (2021)

Synaptic devices with linear high-speed switching can accelerate learning in artificial neural networks (ANNs) embodied in hardware. Conventional resistive memories however suffer from high write noise and asymmetric conductance tuning, preventing parallel programming of ANN arrays as needed to surpass conventional computing efficiency. Electrochemical random-access memories (ECRAMs), where resistive switching occurs by ion insertion into a redox-active channel address these challenges due to their linear switching and low noise. ECRAMs using two-dimensional (2D) materials and metal oxides suffer from slow ion kinetics, whereas organic ECRAMs enable high-speed operation but face significant challenges towards on-chip integration due to poor temperature stability of polymers. Here, we demonstrate ECRAMs using 2D titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene that combines the high speed of organics and the integration compatibility of inorganic materials in a single high-performance device. Our ECRAMs combine the speed, linearity, write noise, switching energy and endurance metrics essential for parallel acceleration of ANNs, and importantly, they are stable after heat treatment needed for back-end-of-line integration with Si electronics. The high speed and performance of these ECRAMs introduces MXenes, a large family of 2D carbides and nitrides with more than 30 compositions synthesized to date, as very promising candidates for devices operating at the nexus of electrochemistry and electronics.
Assessment of thermal tissue ablation with MR elastography (2001)

An important part of thermal ablation therapy is the assessment of the spatial extent of tissue coagulation. In this work, the mechanical properties of thermally-ablated tissue were quantitatively evaluated using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). This study shows that the mechanical properties of focused ultrasound ablated tissue are significantly different from normal tissue, and the difference can be imaged and measured using MRE. Repeated experiments revealed a reproducible pattern of tissue mechanical property change during thermal ablation in ex vivo bovine muscle. This pattern may reflect changes in intrinsic tissue structure and could be used to evaluate tissue coagulation during thermal ablation therapy. Magn Reson Med 45:80-87, 2001.
Mouse 3T3 fibroblasts induce rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells to acquire responsiveness to compound 48/80 (1993)

2H3 subline of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells are mast cell analogs that lack responsiveness to nonimmunologic stimuli such as compound 48/80 and substance P. To determine if fibroblasts can influence this responsiveness, RBL-2H3 cells were cocultured with confluent monolayers of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and assayed for secretagogue-induced histamine release. After 1 wk in coculture, RBL-2H3 cells began to respond to compound 48/80. Responsiveness reached a maximum at 2 wk in coculture and remained at this level for an additional 2 wk. Histamine release was specific, noncytotoxic, dose-dependent, and occurred even in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. No soluble factor from 3T3 cells was found that induced these alterations. Moreover, neither recombinant rat or mouse steel factor, at concentrations up to 250 ng/ml, was able to alter RBL-2H3 cell reactivity to compound 48/80. By 2 wk in coculture, RBL-2H3 cells also became responsive to substance P, although no changes in histamine content, Alcian blue+/safranin- staining or type of serine protease were detected. These results show that 3T3 fibroblasts cause an alteration in the functional repertoire of RBL-2H3 cells and that soluble steel factor cannot duplicate the effect.
Humans use Optokinetic Eye Movements to Track Waypoints for Steering (2020)

It is well-established how visual stimuli and self-motion in laboratory conditions reliably elicit retinal-image-stabilizing compensatory eye movements (CEM). Their organization and roles in natural-task gaze strategies is much less understood: are CEM applied in active sampling of visual information in human locomotion in the wild? If so, how? And what are the implications for guidance? Here, we directly compare gaze behavior in the real world (driving a car) and a fixed base simulation steering task. A strong and quantifiable correspondence between self-rotation and CEM counter-rotation is found across a range of speeds. This gaze behavior is "optokinetic", i.e. optic flow is a sufficient stimulus to spontaneously elicit it in naïve subjects and vestibular stimulation or stereopsis are not critical. Theoretically, the observed nystagmus behavior is consistent with tracking waypoints on the future path, and predicted by waypoint models of locomotor control - but inconsistent with travel point models, such as the popular tangent point model.
Visible split beam VCSEL for compact sensor applications (2008)

We present a visible VCSEL with integrated beam splitter. By focusing one beam onto a moving target and monitoring the power variation in the second beam, these devices can be used as Doppler-based velocity sensors.