gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Das Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin: Ein Stadtstaatenparlament im Bundesstaat (2012)

„Berlin ist ein deutsches Land und zugleich eine Stadt“, so lautet der erste Absatz des ersten Artikels der Berliner Verfassung vom 23. November 1995, die nicht nur in dieser Hinsicht an die am 1. Oktober 1950 in Kraft getretene Nachkriegsverfassung anschließt. Mit dieser Feststellung sollen sich Berlins kommunale Tradition und die nach 1949 angestrebte Einordnung in das föderalstaatliche Gefüge der Bundesrepublik Deutschland verbinden.1 Berlin2 hatte sich damit als Stadtstaat konstituiert, wobei bis zur Vereinigung die Vorbehaltsrechte der Siegermächte zu berücksichtigen waren. Diese Rahmenbedingungen verweisen auf parlamentarische Besonderheiten des Abgeordnetenhauses, das über weitreichende Kreationsfunktionen und Kontrollrechte verfügt sowie — wie die Bürgerschaften in Hamburg und Bremen — teilweise Aufgaben von kommunalen Vertretungskörperschaften zu erfüllen hat. Wohlgemerkt, die Besonderheiten tangieren nicht die prinzipielle Funktionsweise des Berliner politischen Systems, das sich auch durch die Vereinigung 1990 in seinen Grundzügen nicht verändert hat. Es war bereits in der Verfassung von 1950 als parlamentarisches Regierungssystem konzipiert. Doch weist die Berliner Variante der Trennung und Balancierung von exekutiver und legislativer Gewalt Eigentümlichkeiten auf, die sich nur erklären lassen, wenn diese Spezifik als Stadtstaat und die historischen Bezüge berücksichtigt werden.
Puncture mechanics of soft solids (2015)

Gels and other soft elastic networks are a ubiquitous and important class of materials whose unique properties enable special behavior, but generally elude characterization due to the inherent difficulty in manipulating them. An example of such behavior is the stability of gels to large local deformations on their surface. This paper analyzes puncture of model soft materials with particular focus on the force response to deep indentation and the critical load for material failure. Large-strain behavior during deep indentation is described with a neo-hookean contact model. A fracture process zone model is applied to the critical load for puncture. It is found that the indenter geometry influences the size of the fracture process zone, resulting in two distinct failure regimes: stress-limited and energy-limited. The methods outlined in this paper provide a simple means for measuring Young's modulus, E, as well as the material's maximum cohesive stress, σ0, fracture energy, Γ0, and the intrinsic length scale linking the two, l0, all without requiring specialized sample preparation.
ADENOVIRAL-MEDIATED DELIVERY OF THE HUMAN iNOS GENE TO LIVER ISOGRAFTS: AN IMPROVED MODEL OF EX-VIVO GENE TRANSFER (1998)

121 Gene therapy for solid organ transplantation has been attempted as a means of preventing rejection and reducing graft injury. Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer is commonly used in the transplant setting. However, effective gene transfer is often limited by the method of gene delivery and need for high viral titer (>1010 plaque forming units). We hypothesize that delivery of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene to the liver will be beneficial in the post-transplant setting, due to the documented cytoprotective effects of nitric oxide (NO) in the liver. These include the vascular protective effects of NO as a potent vasodilator and anti-coagulant, as well as direct anti-apoptotic effects of NO that have been shown to occur in models of acute hepatic injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish an improved model of ex-vivo gene transfer to rat liver grafts using relatively low viral titers, as well as to document the initial feasibility of iNOS gene transfer in the liver transplant setting. Liver grafts from Lewis rats cold-preserved with lactated Ringer's solution were infected ex-vivo with adenoviral vector encoding the Lac Z marker gene via dual perfusion of portal vein and hepatic artery (or portal vein alone) with 2×108 plaque forming units (MOI ∼0.1) over 30 minutes. Transduced grafts were stored at 4°, and then transplanted into syngeneic recipients for a total cold ischemia time of 3 hours. Animals were sacrificed 48 hours after transplantation and liver biopsies taken. Infection rate was assessed by histochemical staining for β-galactosidase: (Table, mean ± SEM, n = 3 per group, * indicates p < 0.01 vs. portal perfusion alone). These results show that dual perfusion of portal vein and hepatic artery produced a significantly greater transgene infection rate (3-fold) versus portal vein perfusion alone. Utilizing the same dual perfusion circuit and low viral titers, we then delivered an adenoviral vector containing the human iNOS gene. Expression of iNOS transgene in the liver isografts 48 hours after transplantation was documented by PCR detection of iNOS mRNA with human-specific PCR primers. In addition, iNOS protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with human-specific anti-iNOS antibody. As negative control, isografts infected with Lac Z failed to express iNOS mRNA or protein. We conclude that simultaneous cold-perfusion of hepatic artery and portal vein allows for usage of substantially lower adenoviral titers than that typically required in the transplant setting. Furthermore, we show initial feasibility of adenoviral-mediated iNOS gene delivery which may have beneficial effects in liver and other solid-organ transplants.Table: Lac Z Infection Rate (% cells infected)
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Extension of OSPF Using Connected Dominating Set (CDS) Flooding (2009)

This document specifies an extension of OSPFv3 to support mobile ad
hoc networks (MANETs). The extension, called OSPF-MDR, is designed as
a new OSPF interface type for MANETs. OSPF-MDR is based on the
selection of a subset of MANET routers, consisting of MANET Designated
Routers (MDRs) and Backup MDRs. The MDRs form a connected dominating
set (CDS), and the MDRs and Backup MDRs together form a biconnected
CDS for robustness. This CDS is exploited in two ways. First, to
reduce flooding overhead, an optimized flooding procedure is used in
which only (Backup) MDRs flood new link state advertisements (LSAs)
back out the receiving interface; reliable flooding is ensured by
retransmitting LSAs along adjacencies. Second, adjacencies are formed
only between (Backup) MDRs and a subset of their neighbors, allowing
for much better scaling in dense networks. The CDS is constructed
using 2-hop neighbor information provided in a Hello protocol
extension. The Hello protocol is further optimized by allowing
differential Hellos that report only changes in neighbor states.
Options are specified for originating router-LSAs that provide full or
partial topology information, allowing overhead to be reduced by
advertising less topology information. This memo defines an
Experimental Protocol for the Internet community.
Application of E-beam hot spot inspection for early detection of systematic patterning problems to a FinFET technology (2015)

Early in-line detection of systematic patterning problems in technology development can dramatically improve a technology’s chance for success. By uncovering layout geometries that are difficult to implement, prompt action may be taken so that solutions are in place well before product chips that contain these and similar patterns enter the manufacturing line. If a solution is not in place, this could spell disaster for the product and perhaps even the technology. Ideally, product chips will work on the first lot, which is referred to as “first time right.” To help ensure this, a methodology for in-line detection of systematic patterning problems using E-beam hot spot inspection (EBHI) was developed. We review this methodology, including the latest enhancements. Pattern simulation tools and other sources are used to provide die locations with challenging geometries for evaluation. EBHI evaluates the patterning capability for these locations using modulated wafers. A multifunction team addresses any hot spots that fail within the process window. EBHI is then used to evaluate the solutions proposed by this team. Application of this methodology to a fin-shaped field effect transistor technology is described using examples from the fin and back end of line modules. These examples illustrate the full range of actions used to resolve patterning issues.
Plasma Synthesis of Lithium Based Intercalation Powders for Solid Polymer Electrolyte Batteries (2005)

The invention relates to a process for preparing lithium intercalation compounds by plasma reaction comprising the steps of: forming a feed solution by mixing lithium nitrate or lithium hydroxide or lithium oxide and the required metal nitrate or metal hydroxide or metal oxide and between 10-50% alcohol by weight; mixing the feed solution with O.sub.2 gas wherein the O.sub.2 gas atomizes the feed solution into fine reactant droplets, inserting the atomized feed solution into a plasma reactor to form an intercalation powder; and if desired, heating the resulting powder to from a very pure single phase product.
Supplementary Table 1 from Negative Regulation of β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Integrin Transcription by Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 and p53 Impairs Tumor Progression (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Negative Regulation of β&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Integrin Transcription by Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 and p53 Impairs Tumor Progression
Permissive and suppressive effects of dexamethasone on enzyme induction in hepatocyte co-cultures (2002)

1. Steroids are known to act as permissive factors in hepatocytes. This study shows that dexamethasone (DEX) is a permissive factor for induction of CYP2B1/2, CYP3A1, CYP2A1 and probably also CYP2C11 in cultures with primary rat hepatocytes. 2. The induction factor of phenobarbital (PB)-induced formation of 16beta-hydroxytestosterone (OHT), a testosterone biotransformation product predominantly formed by CYP2B1, is increased 18-fold by the addition of 32 nM DEX to the culture medium. Interestingly, higher concentrations of DEX up to 1000 nM led to a concentration-dependent maximally 5-fold decrease (p = 0.002) of phenobarbital-induced 16beta-OHT formation compared with the effect observed with 32 nM DEX. Thus, DEX shows permissive and suppressive effects on enzyme induction depending on the concentration of the glucocorticoid. 3. Qualitatively similar but smaller permissive and suppressive effects of DEX were observed for PB-induced CYP3A1 activity as evidenced by formation of 2beta-, 6beta- and 15beta-OHT. 4. DEX is a permissive factor for induction of CYP2A1 activity by 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), as evidenced by the formation of 7alpha-OHT. Without addition of DEX, 3MC did not induce formation of 7alpha-OHT, whereas an almost 3-fold induction occurred in the presence of DEX. In contrast to CYP2B and CYP3A, concentrations up to 1000 nM DEX were not suppressive for the induction of CYP2A1. 5. We described recently a technique that allows preparation of cultures from cryopreserved hepatocytes. An almost identical influence of dexamethasone on enzyme induction was observed here in cultures from cryopreserved compared with freshly isolated hepatocytes. 6. Cultures with primary hepatocyte cultures represent a well-established technique for the study of drug-drug interactions. However, a large interlaboratory variation is known. Our study provides evidence that differences in glucocorticoid concentration in the culture medium contribute to this variation.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Inorganic—Organic Framework Materials: Establishing Fundamental Structure—Property Relationships (2011)

Abstract Review: 137 refs.
Treatment policy change to dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine contributes to the reduction of adverse maternal and pregnancy outcomes (2015)

Introduction of highly effective treatment in pregnancy was associated with a reduction of maternal malaria at delivery and improved neonatal outcomes. Ensuring universal access to arteminisin combination therapy (ACT) in pregnancy in an area of multidrug resistance has potential to impact significantly on maternal and infant health.
On the Kinetics of Polyacrylamide Alkaline Hydrolysis (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTOn the Kinetics of Polyacrylamide Alkaline HydrolysisYaroslav V. Kudryavtsev, Arkady D. Litmanovich, and Nicolai A. PlatéView Author Information A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 29, 117912 Moscow B-71, Russia Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 14, 4642–4644Publication Date (Web):June 20, 1998Publication History Received6 January 1998Revised3 March 1998Published online20 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma980016yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma980016ybrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views527Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrolysis,Ions,Kinetic modeling,Kinetic parameters,Polyacrylamide Get e-Alerts
COMMENT (2004)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVACS NewsNEXTCOMMENTHAPPY BIRTHDAY PRF! AND HAPPY ANNIVERSARY, TOO!C. GORDON MCCARTY and EDWARD J. J. GRABOWSKICite this: Chem. Eng. News 2004, 82, 32, 38Publication Date (Print):August 9, 2004Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 9 August 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v082n032.p038https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n032.p038acs-newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (650 KB) SUBJECTS:Fossil fuels Get e-Alerts
70-OR: Change in A1C with and without Intermittent Use of CGM in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Participating in the Onduo Virtual Diabetes Clinic (2020)

The Onduo Virtual Diabetes Clinic (VDC) for people with T2D combines a mobile app, remote personalized lifestyle coaching and connected devices. Differentiating features are live video consultations with board-certified endocrinologists for medication management and prescription of real-time CGM devices for intermittent use as clinically indicated. This analysis examined change in A1c from enrollment to follow-up at 6 mo in CGM vs. non-CGM user groups. Characteristics of CGM (n=213) and non-CGM (n=399) groups were similar. Overall, participants (n=612) were 53.5±8.7 yr, 61.1% female and 26.5% lived in a rural geography. Baseline A1c was 7.8%±1.7, 33.0% were on insulin and 23.5% on a sulfonylurea. A1c decreased significantly in CGM and non-CGM groups by 0.9%±1.7 and 0.4%±1.3, respectively (both p&amp;lt;0.001). Change in A1c stratified by CGM use and baseline A1c categories of &amp;gt;9.0%, 8.0-9.0%, 7.0-&amp;lt;8.0%, &amp;lt;7.0% are presented in the Table. These real-world data suggest that participation in the Onduo VDC was associated with significant improvement in A1c for participants not meeting ADA treatment targets. There was an approximately two-fold greater improvement in A1c with intermittent CGM use. In conclusion, the VDC has potential to support people with T2D and their clinicians between office visits by increasing access to specialist care and advanced diabetes technology. Disclosure J.E. Layne: Employee; Self; Onduo. H. Zisser: Employee; Self; Verily Life Sciences LLC. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Verily Life Sciences LLC. R.M. Bergenstal: Consultant; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Johnson &amp; Johnson. Other Relationship; Self; Abbott, Dexcom, Inc., Hygieia, Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk A/S, Onduo, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, UnitedHealth Group. R.A. Gabbay: Advisory Panel; Self; FormHealth, Health Reveal, Lark, Onduo, Vida Health. N.A. Barleen: Employee; Self; Onduo. D.P. Miller: Employee; Self; Verily Life Sciences LLC. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Verily Life Sciences LLC. R.F. Dixon: Employee; Self; Onduo.
Specific inhibition of serine- and arginine-rich splicing factors phosphorylation, spliceosome assembly, and splicing by the antitumor drug NB-506. (2001)

Specific phosphorylation of serine- and arginine-rich pre-mRNA splicing factors (SR proteins) is one of the key determinants regulating splicing events. Several kinases involved in SR protein phosphorylation have been identified and characterized, among which human DNA topoisomerase I is known to have DNA-relaxing activity. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism of splicing inhibition by a glycosylated indolocarbazole derivative (NB-506), a potent inhibitor of both kinase and relaxing activities of topoisomerase I. NB-506 completely inhibits the capacity of topoisomerase I to phosphorylate, in vitro, the human splicing factor 2/alternative splicing factor (SF2/ASF). This inhibition is specific, because NB-506 does not demonstrate activity against other kinases known to phosphorylate SF2/ASF such as SR protein kinase 1 and cdc2 kinase. Importantly, HeLa nuclear extracts competent in splicing but not splicing-deficient cytoplasmic S100 extracts treated with the drug fail to phosphorylate SF2/ASF and to support splicing of pre-mRNA substrates containing SF2/ASF-target sequences. Native gel analysis of splicing complexes revealed that the drug affects the formation of the spliceosome, a dynamic ribonucleoprotein structure where splicing takes place. In the presence of the drug, neither pre-spliceosome nor spliceosome is formed, demonstrating that splicing inhibition occurs at early steps of spliceosome assembly. Splicing inhibition can be relieved by adding phosphorylated SF2/ASF, showing that extracts treated with NB-506 lack a phosphorylating activity required for splicing. Moreover, NB-506 has a cytotoxic effect on murine P388 leukemia cells but not on P388CPT5 camptothecin-resistant cells that carry two point mutations in conserved regions of topoisomerase I gene (Gly361Val and Asp709Tyr). After drug treatment, P388 cells accumulated hypophosphorylated forms of SR proteins and polyadenylated RNA in the nucleus. In contrast, neither SR protein phosphorylation nor polyadenylated mRNA distribution was affected in P388 CPT5-treated cells. Consistently, NB506 treatment altered the mRNA levels and/or splicing pattern of several tested genes (Bcl-X, CD 44, SC35, and Sty) in P388 cells but not in P388 CPT5 cells. The study shows for the first time that indolocarbazole drugs targeting topoisomerase I can affect gene expression by modulating pre-mRNA splicing through inhibition of SR proteins phosphorylation.
Cooperation of TGF alpha and c-Myc in mouse mammary tumorigenesis: coordinated stimulation of growth and suppression of apoptosis. (1996)

We have previously shown that TGF alpha and c-Myc interact in a strong, synergistic fashion to induce mammary gland tumors in double transgenic mice. Here we show this interaction can be explained, at least in part, by a cooperative growth stimulus by the two proteins, and by TGF alpha-mediated inhibition of c-Myc-induced apoptosis. We initially compared rapidly progressing mammary tumors from double transgenic mice to long latency tumors from single transgenic mice and observed a striking difference in the occurrence of apoptosis among the three groups. Tumors exhibiting apoptosis were derived exclusively from mice that expressed the c-myc transgene in the absence of the TGF alpha transgene, indicating that TGF alpha might protect c-Myc-overexpressing cells from programmed cell death. Cell lines were derived from single and double transgenic mammary tumors to examine further the mechanism underlying the cooperative interaction between the two gene products. In accordance with our in vivo data, apoptosis was only detected when the c-myc transgene was expressed without the TGF alpha transgene. Furthermore, exogenous addition of TGF alpha inhibited apoptosis in cells overexpressing c-Myc alone. In addition, tumor-derived cells that overexpressed both TGF alpha and c-Myc exhibited faster growth rates in vitro and in vivo and were less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of TGF beta in vitro compared to cell lines expressing only one of the transgenes. Based on our findings we propose that TGF alpha acts both as a proliferative and a survival factor for c-Myc-expressing tumor cells. Our results indicate that TGF alpha and c-Myc cooperate in tumorigenesis via a dual mechanism: TGF alpha can inhibit c-Myc-induced apoptosis and both proteins provide a growth stimulus.
Testing the choice of a mixing distribution in discrete choice models (2006)

The choice of a specific distribution for random parameters of discrete choice models is a critical issue in transportation analysis. Indeed, various pieces of research have demonstrated that an inappropriate choice of the distribution may lead to serious biases in model forecast and in the estimated means of random parameters. In this paper, we propose a practical test, based on seminonparametric techniques. The test is analyzed both on synthetic and real data, and is shown to be simple and powerful.