gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory effects of gene therapy in composite corneal grafts (2013)

Abstract Corneal allografts overexpressing anti‐apoptotic protein p35 in BALB/c mice have shown significantly reduced delayed‐type hypersensitivity. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for altered immune response have been unclear. Based on previous data, we hypothesized that expression of p35 in corneal epithelium reduces the priming of T lymphocytes in draining lymph nodes after transplantation. In our results, mixed lymphocyte reaction with C57BL/6 splenocytes revealed statistically decreased frequency of CD4+ T cells in allograft group treated with p35 compared to other allogeneic groups. These findings provide new immunological insights on priming of T cells modified by genetically treated composite allograft to improve transplant survival.
Abstract LB115: Simultaneous whole-body ultrasound contrast imaging: a novel high throughput preclinical platform for targeted molecular imaging studies (2023)

Abstract Ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) based molecular imaging is a rapidly growing field in biomedical research. Ultrasound (US) is a non-radiative imaging modality that is frequently used to investigate various human diseases in the clinic. US molecular imaging is a novel imaging modality that utilizes targeted contrast agents to add molecular information about the imaging target, including vascular biomarkers of cancer. Pre-clinical animal models are commonly used to evaluate and validate targeted contrast agents before extending them for FDA-approval. Key impediments in the preclinical evaluations are the short in vivo half-life of microbubbles (MBs) (less than 30 minutes), limited transducer scanning area, and focusing one target at a time, which all make this strategy low throughput. Moreover, whole-body imaging strategy is not available for US imaging compared to other imaging modalities, such as PET, CT, and MRI. To overcome these imitations, we have developed a multi-mouse US imaging platform using an Automated Breast Volume Scanner (ABVS) system. In addition, we have synthesized a novel breast cancer vascular-specific B7-H3 targeted microbubbles (TMBs) using a microfluidic device. We tested these TMBs in a genetically engineered transgenic mice model [FVB/N-Tg (MMTV-PyMT)634Mul/J] (n=32) that develops breast cancer in the mammary fat pad. The US imaging results of conventional Vevo 2100 system indicated that B7-H3-TMBs could provide target specific contrast signals in the tumor vasculature compared to control MBs. We used this MBs for whole-body imaging using an ABVS system with two mice simultaneously in a stage. We imaged multiple tumors (10 tumors/mouse, 2 mice per scan, n=20 tumors) with a single bolus injection of TMBs per mouse. The results successfully showed tumor specific contrast signals from tumors independent of tumor size. Introduction of this whole-body scanner, and its ability to scan multiple mice simultaneously allows rapid imaging of multiple tumors with 3D quantification of tumor size by administering a single TMB injection enabling without significant contrast loss. Our approach makes this US-MI as high throughput and can be used to test multiple contrast agents for investigating different aspects of biological problems including screening of vascular biomarkers of human diseases. Citation Format: Arutselvan Natarajan, Farbod Tabesh, Dongwoon Hyun, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Jeremy Dahl. Simultaneous whole-body ultrasound contrast imaging: a novel high throughput preclinical platform for targeted molecular imaging studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB115.
3D Vertebrae Segmentation in CT Images with Random Noises (2010)

Exposure levels (X-ray tube amperage and peak kilovoltage) are associated with various noise levels and radiation dose. When higher exposure levels are applied, the images have higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) in the CT images. However, the patient receives higher radiation dose in this case. In this paper, we use our robust 3D framework to segment vertebral bodies (VBs) in clinical computed tomography (CT) images with different noise levels. The Matched filter is employed to detect the VB region automatically. In the graph cuts method, a VB (object) and surrounding organs (background) are represented using a gray level distribution models which are approximated by a linear combination of Gaussians (LCG). Initial segmentation based on the LCG models is then iteratively refined by using Markov Gibbs random field(MGRF) with analytically estimated potentials. Experiments on the data sets show that the proposed segmentation approach is more accurate and robust than other known alternatives.
BurstLink: Techniques for Energy-Efficient Video Display for Conventional and Virtual Reality Systems (2021)

Conventional planar video streaming is the most popular application in mobile systems. The rapid growth of 360° video content and virtual reality (VR) devices is accelerating the adoption of VR video streaming. Unfortunately, video streaming consumes significant system energy due to high power consumption of major system components (e.g., DRAM, display interfaces, and display panel) involved in the video streaming process. For example, in conventional planar video streaming, the video decoder (in the processor) decodes video frames and stores them in the DRAM main memory before the display controller (in the processor) transfers decoded frames from DRAM to the display panel. This system architecture causes large amount of data movement to/from DRAM as well as high DRAM bandwidth usage. As a result, DRAM by itself consumes more than 30% of the video streaming energy.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Resistant Silicon Carbide Ceramics (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
ABSTRAK and the Greeks: <i>The Mathematics of Valuing Structured Securities in the Secondary Market</i> (2011)

Since the publication of U.S. SEC Regulation AB in 2005, the securitization market has made substantial progress in accepting the need to standardize collateral data. However, to revive the market, the valuation framework for ABS, RMBS, and their derivatives also needs to be standardized. The authors argue that the most data-responsive valuation framework for structured securities is based not on Black–Scholes (where the risk analysis is circular, being reliant on ratings) but on classical fixed income mathematics—both the price of a bond and Taylor series approximations—with an adjustment for endogenous shifts in the credit quality of seasoning structured securities. <b>TOPICS:</b>Options, interest-rate and currency swaps
Establishment of LCMS Based Platform for Discovery of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors: Signal Detection in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1 (2018)

Targeting the main three networking systems, viz. Las, RhI, and PQS, via natural quenchers is a new ray of hope for combating the persistent behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the bacterial chemical vocabulary pyocyanin, N-AHLs and rhamnolipids are the main keywords, which are responsible for the social and nomadic behavior of P. aeruginosa. In the present work, LC-MS based real-time qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyocyanin, green phenazine, N-AHLs, and rhamnolipids were performed on P. aeruginosa PAO1. The quantitative analysis indicates that the production of pyocyanin and NHSLs increases with time while the production of rhamnolipids discontinued after 16 h. This indicates the emergence of persisters in the medium instead of planktonic cells. Rhamnolipids acting as a surfactant enhances the motility of the bacterial cells, whereas the pyocyanin is responsible for the biofilm formation. In a microtiter plate based assay, an effect of capsaicin and 6-gingerol was recorded. In the presence of capsaicin and 6-gingerol, a substantial decrease in the production of rhamnolipids, phenazine, quinolone, and N-AHLs was observed. Most interestingly, the 6-gingerol treatment led to a drastic decrease of rhamnolipids, phenazine, quinolone, and N-AHLs versus capsaicin. These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the capsaicin and 6-gingerol on Las, PQS, and Rhl circuits in a bacterium in order to understand the persistent and social behavior. Here, we are reporting LC-MS/MS based qualitative and quantitative analysis of QS molecules by taking a low volume of culture (up to 200 μL). This method can be used as a platform to screen the new antivirulence agents for fighting the resistant behavior of P. aeruginosa during biofilm formation.
Kidney Outcomes in Long-Term Studies of Ruboxistaurin for Diabetic Eye Disease (2007)

Long-term kidney outcomes in patients with diabetic eye disease were similar in placebo and RBX groups. In conclusion, large-scale, prospective trials in patients with diabetic nephropathy are needed to confirm safety and potential benefits of RBX on clinical outcomes.
Video-Centric Network Coding Strategies for 4G Wireless Networks: An Overview (2010)

The impact of Internet content and IP based television on networks is growing. Video is now ubiquitous in the home and on the street. It demands new approaches to video transmission to meet the growing traffic volume. This paper presents a novel strategy for network coding in video transmission. It uses a variety of coding approaches and adds feedback and device discovery to tailor the coding to the receiver ecosystems and can achieve better overall performance than the non coded versions.
Stress Resilience of Spermatozoa and Blood Mononuclear Cells without Prion Protein (2018)

The cellular prion protein PrP<sup>C</sup> is highly expressed in neurons, but also present in non-neuronal tissues, including the testicles and spermatozoa. Most immune cells and their bone marrow precursors also express PrP<sup>C</sup>. Clearly, this protein operates in highly diverse cellular contexts. Investigations into putative stress-protective roles for PrP<sup>C</sup> have resulted in an array of functions, such as inhibition of apoptosis, stimulation of anti-oxidant enzymes, scavenging roles, and a role in nuclear DNA repair. We have studied stress resilience of spermatozoa and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from non-transgenic goats that lack PrP<sup>C</sup> (<i>PRNP</i><sup>Ter/Ter</sup>) compared with cells from normal (<i>PRNP</i><sup>+/+</sup>) goats. Spermatozoa were analyzed for freeze tolerance, DNA integrity, viability, motility, ATP levels, and acrosome intactness at rest and after acute stress, induced by Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, as well as levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after exposure to FeSO<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Surprisingly, PrP<sup>C</sup>-negative spermatozoa reacted similarly to normal spermatozoa in all read-outs. Moreover, <i>in vitro</i> exposure of PBMCs to Doxorubicin, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), revealed no effect of PrP<sup>C</sup> on cellular survival or global accumulation of DNA damage. Similar results were obtained with human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines stably expressing varying levels of PrP<sup>C</sup>. RNA sequencing of PBMCs (<i>n</i> = 8 of <i>PRNP</i><sup>+/+</sup> and <i>PRNP</i><sup>Ter/Ter</sup>) showed that basal level expression of genes encoding DNA repair enzymes, ROS scavenging, and antioxidant enzymes were unaffected by the absence of PrP<sup>C</sup>. Data presented here questions the <i>in vitro</i> cytoprotective roles previously attributed to PrP<sup>C</sup>, although not excluding such functions in other cell types or tissues during inflammatory stress.
A solution to the slow stabilisation of surface pressure sensorsbased on the Wilhelmy method&amp;nbsp; (2017)

Dynamic measurement of surface pressure is of particular interest in the field of Langmuir&#13;\nmonolayers, where the change in surface pressure throughout an experiment can provide information&#13;\non the properties of the monolayer forming material, or on the reaction kinetics of&#13;\nthe monolayer’s interaction with other materials. One of the most common methods for the&#13;\nmeasurement of dynamic surface pressure is the Wilhelmy plate method. This method measures&#13;\nchanges in the forces acting upon a thin plate of material at the air-water interface; this&#13;\nmeasurement is then converted to surface pressure. One version of this method, which uses filter&#13;\npaper plates at the air-water interface, is particularly popular due to their relatively low cost.&#13;\nHowever, it has been seen that the use of filter paper plates attached to a Wilhelmy balance requires&#13;\nan initial stabilisation period lasting several hours, during which the readings drift from&#13;\nthe original baseline. Here the cause of this drift is explored, considering how changes in the&#13;\nweight of the plate over time influence the assumptions on which the surface pressure is derived&#13;\nfrom the measurements made by the Wilhelmy balance. A simple method for preventing&#13;\nthis drift through pre-soaking of the filter paper plates is presented.
Voriconazole: A New Triazole Antifungal (2000)

Voriconazole has shown promise in the treatment of superficial and systemic mycoses. While several unresolved issues remain, voriconazole may be a viable therapeutic alternative for fluconazole-resistant mucocutaneous candidiasis and in cases of mild to moderate systemic mycoses requiring chronic treatment or that are refractory to currently available agents.
Deep Brain Focusing Using Time-Reversing Metasurface Assisted by PEC Walls (2020)

We introduce a metasurface system for high-precision deep brain focusing. This system involves a single (flat) metasurface and four PEC walls forming together a scattering cavity around the head of the subject, where the PEC walls improve the resolution of the focusing from scattering diversity enhancement. The aperture field producing the desired focusing effect is obtained by time-reversing the field radiated by a dipole target model in a full-wave simulator and the metasurface producing this aperture field is synthesized by the susceptibility tensor - Generalized Sheet Transition Condition (GSTC) method. This proof-of-concept system is demonstrated by full-wave simulations, and recommendations are provided for improving the quality of the focusing results in more sophisticated designs.
Experimental Measurement and Mathematical Modeling of Pulsatile Forces on a Symmetric, Bifurcated Endoluminal Stent Graft Model (2009)

The objective of this study was to measure the pulsatile forces acting on a symmetric, bifurcated endoluminal stent graft to validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and analytic model so that they can be used for various graft dimensions. We used a load cell to measure the force owing to the movement of an acrylic model of a bifurcated stent graft under pulsatile flow. This was then simulated with a CFD and analytic model. The main features of the experimental pulsatile force data and the CFD results were consistent. The results showed that the total force was proportional to the inlet pressure cycle. The force rose from 3.32 N at 130 mm Hg systolic to 17.5 N at 250 mm Hg systolic pressure. For the more variable regions of the flow, the experimentally measured forces lagged the computational and analytic results. The CFD and analytic models provide approximate descriptions for the forces acting on a bifurcated stent graft subjected to pulsatile flow. Such models should be of assistance to designers of endoluminal stent grafts.
Abstract: Emergency Consults and Procedures in Plastic Surgery: A Primer for Resident and Medical Student Education (2017)

INTRODUCTION: The evaluation and management of emergency department (ED) consults is an essential competency in plastic surgery residency. Trainees usually perform these duties under indirect attending supervision. However, no formal curriculum exists to prepare trainees for the requirements of on-call coverage and there is minimal literature on the frequency and nature of ED consults requiring plastic surgery evaluation. The purpose of this study is to determine the most common consults and procedures necessitating ED plastic surgery management in an effort to prepare trainees, prior to on-call coverage, in the core diagnostic and procedural skills required in the ED. METHODS: This is a prospective study of all overnight emergency department consultations to plastic surgery from October 2015 to October 2016 at a large tertiary referral center with a 9-state catchment area. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were documented, including age, sex, level of acuity, all diagnoses, mechanism of injury, and all procedural treatments performed by plastic surgery residents in the ED. RESULTS: A total of 1100 patients sustaining 1782 distinct injuries were evaluated and treated in the ED by plastic surgery residents on call. Residents performed 1237 total procedures. The ten most common consults were for distal radius fractures (N=100, 5.6% of total injuries sustained), distal phalanx fractures (N=89, 5.0%), nasal bone fractures (N=87, 4.9%), metacarpal fractures (N=86, 4.8%), orbital fractures (N=82, 4.6%), finger lacerations (N=74, 4.2%), nail bed injuries (N=73, 4.1%), mandible fractures (N=68, 3.8%), lip lacerations (N=66, 3.7%), and traumatic finger amputations (N=63, 3.5%). The ten most common procedures performed were finger/hand laceration repairs (N=128, 10.3% of all procedures), closed reduction of distal radius fractures (N=97, 7.8%), nail bed repairs (N=69, 5.6%), closed reduction of metacarpal fractures (N=67, 5.4%), closed reduction of distal phalanx fractures (N=66, 5.3%), lip laceration repairs (N=66, 5.3%), incision/drainage of finger infections (N=46, 3.7%), zone IV to zone VII extensor tendon repairs (N=46, 3.7%), revision-amputations (N=42, 3.4%), and closed reduction of nasal bone fractures (N=40, 3.2%). CONCLUSION: This study identifies the most common consults evaluated, and procedures performed, by plastic surgery residents in the emergency department. We encourage programs to adopt a curriculum that emphasizes early and graduated training in these critical diagnostic and procedural skills to prepare trainees to provide high quality care.
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Ligand Release by Substrate-specific A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAMs) Involves Different Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isoenzymes Depending on the Stimulus (2011)

The dysregulation of EGF family ligand cleavage has severe consequences for the developing as well as the adult organism. Therefore, their production is highly regulated. The limiting step is the ectodomain cleavage of membrane-bound precursors by one of several a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) metalloproteases, and understanding the regulation of cleavage is an important goal of current research. We have previously reported that in mouse lung epithelial cells, the pro-EGF ligands TGFα, neuregulin 1β (NRG), and heparin-binding EGF are differentially cleaved depending on the cleavage stimulus (Herrlich, A., Klinman, E., Fu, J., Sadegh, C., and Lodish, H. (2008) FASEB J.). In this study in mouse embryonic fibroblasts that lack different ADAMs, we show that induced cleavage of EGF ligands can involve the same substrate-specific metalloprotease but does require different stimulus-dependent signaling pathways. Cleavage was stimulated by phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a mimic of diacylglycerol and PKC activator), hypertonic stress, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced G protein-coupled receptor activation, or by ionomycin-induced intracellular calcium release. Although ADAMs showed substrate preference (ADAM17, TGFα and heparin-binding EGF; and ADAM9, NRG), substrate cleavage differed substantially with the stimulus, and cleavage of the same substrate depended on the presence of different, sometimes multiple, PKC isoforms. For instance, classical PKC was required for TPA-induced but not hypertonic stress-induced cleavage of all EGF family ligands. Inhibition of PKCζ enhanced NRG release upon TPA stimulation, but it blocked NRG release in response to hypertonic stress. Our results suggest a model in which substantial regulation of ectodomain cleavage occurs not only on the metalloprotease level but also on the level of the substrate or of a third protein.
Formation Mechanism of Zinc Metaphosphate Hydrogels by a Chemicovectorial Method and Their Proton Conductivities (2006)

When zinc metaphosphate glass powders were mixed with water, their hydration immediately started with an exothermic reaction; the mixture of the glass powders and water was completely converted into a translucent hydrogel (ZP gel) after 2 d. No hydrogelation occurred when water was mixed with beryllium metaphosphate, strontium metaphosphate, or barium metaphosphate glass powders. The long-chain phosphate structures in beryllium metaphosphate glass powders were almost not broken after mixing water, while those in strontium metaphosphate and barium metaphosphate glass powders were easily broken as shown in our earlier work. This result suggested that hydrogelation occurs after mixing water and the metaphosphate glasses with adequate bonding strength between bivalent metal ion and non-bridging oxygen in the phosphate chain structure. The phosphate chains in the ZP gel were gradually broken, resulting in an increase of orthophosphate amount. Crystalline phases were observed in the ZP gel after 12 d of mixing with water the glass powders. The proton conductivity of the ZP gel, which showed 5.7 mS/cm at 30°C, was not influenced by the precipitation of the crystalline phases.
Mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit CD25 expression via the mTOR pathway to potentiate T-cell suppression (2017)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to suppress T-cell activation and proliferation. Several studies have reported that MSCs suppress CD25 expression in T cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MSC-mediated suppression of CD25 expression has not been fully examined. Here, we investigated the mTOR pathway, which is involved in CD25 expression in T cells. We showed that MSCs inhibited CD25 expression, which was restored in the presence of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor. Since CD25 mRNA expression was not inhibited, we focused on determining whether MSCs modulated components of the mTOR pathway in T cells. MSCs increased the phosphorylation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). In addition, the expression of 4E-BP1 increased dramatically in the presence of MSCs. An m<sup>7</sup>GTP pull-down assay showed increased binding of 4E-BP1 to the 5' cap-binding eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) complex in the presence of MSCs, which resulted in inhibition of mRNA translation. Treatment with 4EGI-1, a synthetic inhibitor of mRNA translation, also reduced CD25 expression in T cells. Polysome analysis confirmed decreased CD25 mRNA in the polysome-rich fraction in the presence of MSCs. Taken together, our results showed that nitric oxide, produced by MSCs, inhibits CD25 translation through regulation of the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway to suppress T cells.