gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of spherical microlens array by combining lapping on silicon wafer and rapid surface molding (2018)

Silicon is a promising mold material for compression molding because of its properties of hardness and abrasion resistance. Silicon wafers with carbide-bonded graphene coating and micro-patterns were evaluated as molds for the fabrication of microlens arrays. This study presents an efficient but flexible manufacturing method for microlens arrays that combines a lapping method and a rapid molding procedure. Unlike conventional processes for microstructures on silicon wafers, such as diamond machining and photolithography, this research demonstrates a unique approach by employing precision steel balls and diamond slurries to create microlenses with accurate geometry. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated by the fabrication of several microlens arrays with different aperture sizes and pitches on silicon molds. The geometrical accuracy and surface roughness of the microlens arrays were measured using an optical profiler. The measurement results indicated good agreement with the optical profile of the design. The silicon molds were then used to copy the microstructures onto polymer substrates. The uniformity and quality of the samples molded through rapid surface molding were also assessed and statistically quantified. To further evaluate the optical functionality of the molded microlens arrays, the focal lengths of the microlens arrays were measured using a simple optical setup. The measurements showed that the microlens arrays molded in this research were compatible with conventional manufacturing methods. This research demonstrated an alternative low-cost and efficient method for microstructure fabrication on silicon wafers, together with the follow-up optical molding processes.
Neuroblastoma of undifferentiated subtype, prognostic significance of prominent nucleolar formation, and MYC/MYCN protein expression: A report from the Children's Oncology Group (2013)

NBUD represents a unique subtype of neuroblastoma associated with a poor prognosis. In this subtype, MYC protein expression may be a new prognostic factor indicating more aggressive clinical behavior than MYCN amplification and subsequent MYCN protein expression.
Sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate treatment attenuates estrogen deficiency-associated disc degeneration in ovariectomized rats (2018)

SDCP prevents osteoporosis and ameliorates disc degeneration in OVX rats. It represents a favorable therapeutic agent for osteoporotic and osteoarthritic conditions in clinical practice.
SWOG S0820/PACES (Preventing Adenomas of the Colon with Eflornithine and Sulindac): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial. (2015)

TPS3627 Background: After standard treatment for stage 0-III colorectal cancer (CRC), patients remain at increased risk for metachronous high-risk adenomas (HRAs) and 2ndprimary CRCs. Polyamines, in excess, are implicated in CRC carcinogenesis. In prior CRC chemoprevention clinical trials, low doses of polyamine-inhibitory agents eflornithine (E) and sulindac (S) demonstrated impressive efficacy. In the prior phase III clinical trial of colorectal adenoma (CRA) patients the combination E+S vs. placebo for 3-years resulted in > 92% reduction in risk of HRAs. Utility of these agents in colon cancer survivors, however, is unknown. Methods: Eligibility:Patients age > 18 with colon or rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma, stage 0, I, II, or III are eligible. Patients with major cardiovascular risk factors (MI, CVA) are excluded, as are patients with hearing loss > 30dB at 4K Hz and below. Daily low dose aspirin is allowed. Study Design: Patients are enrolled 9-15 months postoperatively for a 3-year duration in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial. The intervention consists of eflornithine 250mg or matching placebo 2 tablets daily and sulindac 150mg or matching placebo one tablet daily. Baseline and end-of-study audiograms are required. Using a 2x2 factorial design, we will conduct 3 formal comparisons, each at the 2-sided, alpha = .0167 level with > 80% power. We tested the marginal effects of E &S, and the combined effect of E+S compared to placebo only. 1488 patients will be accrued over 5 years. Optional study components include pharmacogenetic, pharmacokinetic, & diet/lifestyle studies. The DSMC last met in October of 2014 and suggested that the trial continue as planned. Endpoints: The primary objective is to assess whether eflornithine 500 mg or sulindac 150mg are effective in reducing the 3-year event rate, defined as HRA or 2nd primary CRC, in Stage 0- III colon cancer patients. Hypothesis: In stage 0-III colon cancer patients during postoperative year 1-4, one or both of the single active agents will produce a 35% decrease in the rate of HRAs + 2nd primary CRCs; combination E+S will result in a 58% decrease compared to placebo alone. Clinical trial information: NCT01349881.
The First [2]Pseudorotaxane and the First Pseudocryptand-Type Poly[2]pseudorotaxane Based on Bis(<i>meta</i>-phenylene)-32-Crown-10 and Paraquat Derivatives (2011)

By the self-assembly of a bis(meta-phenylene)-32-crown-10 bearing two electron-donating groups (carbazoles) with electron-accepting paraquat derivatives, the first [2]pseudorotaxane and the first pseudocryptand-type poly[2]pseudorotaxane based on bis(meta-phenylene)-32-crown-10 were isolated as crystalline solids as shown by X-ray analyses.
The Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Spinal Fusion Success (2015)

N/A.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of <i>N</i>-(2,5-Disubstituted phenyl)-<i>N</i>‘-(3-substituted phenyl)-<i>N</i>‘-methylguanidines As <i>N</i>-Methyl-<scp>d</scp>-aspartate Receptor Ion-Channel Blockers (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionSynthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of N-(2,5-Disubstituted phenyl)-N'-(3-substituted phenyl)-N'-methylguanidines As N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Ion-Channel BlockersLain-Yen Hu, Junqing Guo, Sharad S. Magar, James B. Fischer, Kathleen J. Burke-Howie, and Graham J. DurantCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 6, 1006Publication Date (Web):February 18, 1998Publication History Published online18 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm9800200https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9800200correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (8 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Curved Aromaticity of a Corannulene‐Based Neutral Radical: Crystal Structure and 3 D Unbalanced Delocalization of Spin (2008)

Ein stabiles neutrales Corannulenradikal mit gekrümmter π-Konjugation wurde synthetisiert und kristallstrukturanalytisch untersucht. Die unausgewogene Delokalisation des Elektronenspins auf der dreidimensionalen π-Oberfläche der Corannuleneinheit (siehe Spindichteverteilung) spricht für einen beträchtlichen intermolekularen Austausch und ein gekrümmtes aromatisches System. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z704752_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Contact-Inhibited Chemotaxis in De Novo and Sprouting Blood-Vessel Growth (2008)

Blood vessels form either when dispersed endothelial cells (the cells lining the inner walls of fully formed blood vessels) organize into a vessel network (vasculogenesis), or by sprouting or splitting of existing blood vessels (angiogenesis). Although they are closely related biologically, no current model explains both phenomena with a single biophysical mechanism. Most computational models describe sprouting at the level of the blood vessel, ignoring how cell behavior drives branch splitting during sprouting. We present a cell-based, Glazier-Graner-Hogeweg model (also called Cellular Potts Model) simulation of the initial patterning before the vascular cords form lumens, based on plausible behaviors of endothelial cells. The endothelial cells secrete a chemoattractant, which attracts other endothelial cells. As in the classic Keller-Segel model, chemotaxis by itself causes cells to aggregate into isolated clusters. However, including experimentally observed VE-cadherin-mediated contact inhibition of chemotaxis in the simulation causes randomly distributed cells to organize into networks and cell aggregates to sprout, reproducing aspects of both de novo and sprouting blood-vessel growth. We discuss two branching instabilities responsible for our results. Cells at the surfaces of cell clusters attempting to migrate to the centers of the clusters produce a buckling instability. In a model variant that eliminates the surface-normal force, a dissipative mechanism drives sprouting, with the secreted chemical acting both as a chemoattractant and as an inhibitor of pseudopod extension. Both mechanisms would also apply if force transmission through the extracellular matrix rather than chemical signaling mediated cell-cell interactions. The branching instabilities responsible for our results, which result from contact inhibition of chemotaxis, are both generic developmental mechanisms and interesting examples of unusual patterning instabilities.
How Do We Measure Repolarization Inside the Heart? (2003)

Cardiac repolarization can be measured using a variety of electrophysiologic methodologies. Most studies make use of intracellular, extracellular, or optical recording techniques to record action potentials, monophasic action potentials or activation recovery intervals (ARI) from the epicardial or endocardial surfaces of the heart. Electrocardiographic techniques, including body surface mapping, delineate cardiac repolarization characteristics noninvasively, but the extent to which these can be used to assess local heterogeneities of repolarization remains an issue of debate. More recent studies have endeavored to quantitate repolarization characteristics beyond the surfaces of the heart, peering inside the walls of the heart. This chapter will focus on the latter. Our primary goal is to catalog, evaluate, and illustrate the capabilities of methodologies available for the quantitation of transmural heterogeneities of repolarization and probe the ionic basis for these distinctions.
FIGO position paper on reference charts for fetal growth and size at birth: Which one to use? (2020)

Publication of the Intergrowth-21st and WHO growth charts raises the question of which growth data prenatal providers should use in clinical practice. Is it better to use a universal chart applied globally, or metrics based on local or regional growth patterns? And what about customized charts versus local charts? FIGO has reviewed the different growth charts and studies assessing their reproducibility and predictive values for small- and large-for-gestational age newborns and, where available, adverse fetal outcomes. It concludes that local or regional charts are likely to be best for identifying the 10th percentile of newborns at highest risk. However, international standards for growth may also be used when coupled with locally appropriate thresholds for risk interpretation.
Stretch reflexes of triceps surae in normal man. (1982)

In order to learn more about stretch reflex behaviour of triceps surae, normal human subjects sat in a chair with one foot on a platform attached to a torque motor that produced phasic dorsiflexion displacements on the ankle. EMG activity was recorded from triceps surae and responses were obtained for various conditions. When the subjects's foot was relaxed, stretch of triceps surae produced a single EMG component at short-latency which increased in magnitude with increasing velocity of stretch. The response was not altered if the subject was asked to plantarflex or dorsiflex the ankle voluntarily when he felt the perturbation. It was reduced by vibration of the Achilles tendon. If the triceps surae was stretched while the subject plantarflexed his ankle, the short-latency response was followed by one and sometimes two long-latency responses. Like the short-latency reflex when the foot was relaxed, none of these responses was altered by the subject's planned movement after feeling the perturbation. All of the responses were suppressed to a similar degree by vibration. The long-latency reflexes depended on long-duration of stretching and relatively slow acceleration of stretch. The reflexes persisted after anaesthesia to the foot suggesting that muscle afferents were responsible. Interactions between H-reflexes and stretch-reflexes revealed that the afferent volley producing a stretch reflex acted like the afferent volley producing a small H-reflex. Responses at an interval of 30 ms to both an electrical stimulus for an H-reflex and a stretch stimulus were possible if the electrical stimulus produced only a small H-reflex and if the subject had been plantarflexing the ankle. The short-latency reflex when the foot was relaxed or exerting a background force appears to be the monosynaptic, Ia mediated stretch reflex. The physiological properties of the long latency reflexes are similar to those of the short-latency reflex, and they may represent, at least to a certain extent, response of the motor neuron pool to successive Ia bursts.
Simulating the active sites of copper-trafficking proteins. Density functional structural and spectroscopy studies on copper(I) complexes with thiols, carboxylato, amide and phenol ligands (2015)

A series of mononuclear binary and ternary Cu(I) complexes with formato, formamide, methylphenol, and methanethiolato ligands were optimized at DFT-B3LYP/6-31G** (BS1) and DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G** (BS2) levels of theory. The solvent effect was taken into account via PCM method (BS1W and BS2W, respectively). The coordination arrangement for [CuI(SCH3/S(H)CH3)(OOCH)]−/0 and [CuI(SCH3/S(H)CH3)(O(H)(C6H4)CH3)]0/+ was pseudo-linear and for [CuI(SCH3/S(H)CH3)(OOCH)(OC(H)NH2)]−/0 was pseudo-trigonal. The [CuI(S-S(H)CH3/CuI(S-SCH3)]+/0 link even to amide carbonyl and to general O(H)R residues (R=C6H5CH3). [CuI(SCH3)2(O(H)(C6H4)CH3)]− went towards dissociation of the O(H)(C6H4)CH3 ligand, whereas [CuI(S(H)CH3)2(O(H)(C6H4)CH3)]+ converged nicely, maintaining the hydroxy function linked to the metal. The trends of total electronic energies seemed to be significant, suggesting that linear CuIS2 coordination is more suitable than CuIS, CuIS3 and CuIS4 arrangements. The formation energies of [CuI(S(H)CH3/SCH3)(OOCH)]0/−1 were higher than those of [CuI(S(H)CH3/SCH3)2]+/− on starting from [CuI(S(H)CH3/CuI(SCH3)]+/0 by ca. 11–9 kcal mol−1 (BS2W). The structural arrangements, bond distances, and angles as well as computed spectroscopic parameters resulted in good agreement with experimental data for corresponding synthetic complexes and with metal site regions of several copper(I)-proteins. These data help in interpreting structural data of complex biological systems and in constructing reliable force fields for molecular mechanics computations.
Coherent reflectometry of optical fiber amplifiers (1997)

The reflectivity of commercially available erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) was measured with coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (C-OFDR). Reflections at the output isolator as well as the distributed gain along the erbium-doped fiber could be observed thanks to the high amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) rejection due to the coherent detection. Gain figures obtained with the OFDR technique are in good agreement with single-pass direct gain measurements.
Pattern-Based Deployment Models and Their Automatic Execution (2018)

The automated deployment of cloud applications is of vital importance. Therefore, several deployment automation technologies have been developed that enable automatically deploying applications by processing so-called deployment models, which describe the components and relationships an application consists of. However, the creation of such deployment models requires considerable expertise about the technologies and cloud providers used-especially for the technical realization of conceptual architectural decisions. Moreover, deployment models have to be adapted manually if architectural decisions change or technologies need to be replaced, which is time-consuming, error-prone, and requires even more expertise. In this paper, we tackle this issue. We introduce a meta-model for Pattern-based Deployment Models, which enables using cloud patterns as generic, vendor-, and technology-agnostic modeling elements directly in deployment models. Thus, instead of specifying concrete technologies, providers, and their configurations, our approach enables modeling only the abstract concepts represented by patterns that must be adhered to during the deployment. Moreover, we present how these models can be automatically refined to executable deployment models. To validate the practical feasibility of our approach, we present a prototype based on the TOSCA standard and a case study.
The Replicative Restriction of Lymphocytotropic Isolates of HIV-1 in Macrophages Is Overcome by TGF-β (1992)

In vitro exposure of human blood monocyte-derived macrophages to T-cell tropic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates fails to establish a productive viral infection. Several studies have shown that such preferential HIV-1 replication in T cells or in mononuclear phagocytes (HIV tropism) may be determined by distinct viral characteristics. In the present study it was demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a factor known to be produced by platelets, macrophages, and other cells present at a wound site, can act as a mediator in overcoming the lymphocytotropic restriction of several well-characterized viral isolates of HIV-1 (i.e., LAV, Z84, pLAI, NY5). Macrophages infected with these isolates show cytopathic changes comparable to those seen upon infection with the monocytotropic isolate ADA. To achieve this effect with TGF-beta, the factor must be present after the infection period. The emerging virus retains its original cellular tropism. Based on these observations the authors propose a role for TGF-beta in the establishment and progression of HIV infection and disease.
In Situ Generated DBU⋅HF Acts as a Fluorinating Agent in a Hexafluoroisobutylation Tandem Reaction: An Effective Route to 5,5,5,5’,5’,5’‐Hexafluoroleucine (2022)

Abstract We report the direct incorporation of the hexafluoroisobutyl group on a chiral glycine Schiff base complex mediated by 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU). The fluoroalkylation involves 2‐(bromomethyl)‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropane reagent, which generates in situ hexafluoroisobutylene (HFIB), and reacts then with the enolate through a tandem allylic shift/hydrofluorination process. We showed that the use of neutral organic base DBU generates in situ an original DBU⋅HF salt, which preserves the fluoride nucleophilicity and acts as a fluorinating agent. This fluoride salt promotes the hydrofluorination of the pentafluorinated alkene overcoming the usual fluoride β‐elimination observed with α‐CF 3 ‐vinyl reagents. With alkali metal bases, by contrast, the hydrofluorination is disfavored and the pentafluorinated alkene intermediate is obtained predominantly. This study highlights the critical role of the fluoride counter ion to preserve its nucleophilicity. The protocol is amenable to multidecagram scale synthesis of enantiopure ( S )‐ and ( R )‐5,5,5,5’,5’,5’‐hexafluoroleucine and their N‐Fmoc or N‐Boc derivatives in good overall yield.
Static corrosion tests in oxygen-saturated liquid Pb-Bi (2002)

Estimation of corrosion properties and development of corrosion resistant materials in liquid Pb-Bi are important issues to develop an accelerator driven system for transmutation of long-lived radioactive wastes. A series of static corrosion tests in liquid Pb-Bi were planned to study effects of temperature, oxygen concentration, various alloying elements in steels and surface treatment on corrosion behavior. Results of static corrosion tests of various alloys in oxygen-saturated liquid Pb-Bi are described. Materials of tested specimens were F82H, Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel, JPCA(14Cr-16Ni-1Mo steel), 410ss, 430ss, 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, pure Fe and pure Mo. Corrosion test were carried out at 450 and 550℃ for 3000h. It is found that oxide film forms during corrosion at 450℃. Outer corrosion film consists of Fe_3O_4 and inner corrosion film consists of Cr-Fe spinel oxide. On the other hand, FeAl film forms at 550℃ with increasing Cr content in steels. This is attributed to Al dissolved in liquid Pb-Bi from Al surface-treated steels tested in the same retort. Corrosion depth in oxygen-saturated liquid Pb-Bi decreases with increasing Cr content in steels.
Genetic profiling of MYC and BCL2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma determines cell-of-origin–specific clinical impact (2017)

Key Points MYC and BCL2 genetic alterations are associated with COO subtype-specific clinical effect in R-CHOP-treated DLBCL.
Charge Localization in the Lithium Iron Phosphate Li<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> at High Voltages in Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2015)

Possible changes in the oxidation state of the oxygen ion in the lithium iron phosphate Li3Fe2(PO4)3 at high voltages in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are studied using experimental and computational analysis. Results obtained from synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) show that the oxidation state of O(2-) ions is altered to higher oxidation states (O(δ-), δ<2) upon charging Li3Fe2(PO4)3 to 4.7 V.
MODES OF FAILURE AND PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION (2003)

Saleh, Khaled J. MD, MSc, FRCSC; Clark, Charles R. MD; Sharkey, Peter F. MD; Rand, James A. MD; Brown, Gregory A. MD Author Information