gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Further analysis of bandlimited 16-ary QAM signalling in satellite channels (1986)

The paper presents a method of analysing the performance of a bandlimited 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) signal transmitted through a bandpass nonlinearity (BPNL), exhibiting AM-AM and AM-PM conversions, and in the presence of additive Gaussian noise (AGN) both preceding and following the BPNL. To illustrate the validity and usefulness of the technique, the symbol probability of a bandlimited 16-ary QAM signal transmitted through a typical nonlinear satellite channel is derived and computed for a four-pole Bitterworth filter as a function of various levels of the on-board travelling-wave tube (TWT) back-off from saturation and BT products. Finally, as an example, a study of the effect of increased bandlimiting on the system degradation for this communications system model is undertaken.
The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay: <i>In ovo</i> model for personalized assessment and evaluation of the most effective therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. (2019)

e14634 Background: "Personalized medicine,” is the tailoring of medical treatment to a single person aiming to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. Currently there is no good prediction for response to therapy. The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) is naturally immuno-deficient and rich in vascularity therefore an ideal system, allowing generate 3D cancerous “organoids” in a very efficient, reproducible and cost-effective manner and translates basic research to the clinic. Aims: Generate a “personalized” HTP system for a quick, reliable and effective evaluation of different therapeutic options using 3D tumors in a "humanized egg" instead of mouse PDX model. Methods: Fertilized eggs were incubated until day 3 (37°C, 75-90% humidity). Then, 2ml of albumin was pulled out to separate the CAM from the eggshell and a small window in the eggshell has been made. To destroy the chicken immune system development, the eggs were irradiated at day 5 and human immune cells were then inoculated onto the CAM. On day 7, single cells suspension or tissues, derived from cancer patients, were transplanted onto the CAM and visible tumors were performed ("CAM-PDX"). Drugs, mAbs and chemotherapy, were applied via the yolk sac. Tumor growth was measured, weighted and monitored by caliper and IVIS fluorescent imaging platform. IHC was performed and confirmed the response of the particular specimens to the tested regiment. Results: Histology and IHC analysis confirmed that the established tumors retained their characteristics. Positive Ki-67 staining confirmed that cancer cells proliferate while the treated tumors showed reduced staining. Anti-CD24 mAb, FOLFOX, cetuximab, Foflorinox and Gemcitabine, given as single agent or combinations, successfully inhibited CR and pancreatic tumors (by 70-75%). Detection of active caspase 3 confirmed those results. Biopsies from human specimens, were successfully established and expanded by serial passages allows generation of bio-bank. The stimulated human PBMCs demonstrated enhanced proliferation in vitro and in ovo, even after 5 days in the egg. Irradiated eggs showed no functional immune system even after 2 weeks of development. Conclusions: The CAM is an ideal, effective, economical and powerful avatar-based precision medicine approach to predict the best protocol for cancer therapy.
Improved all-silica endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber (2003)

A novel endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber with a triangular core is proposed and fabricated. Compared to conventional designs having a hexagonal core, the fiber has improved robustness when scaled to large structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Applications of C<sub>2</sub>‐Symmetric, Chiral, Phase‐Transfer Catalysts (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bias Introduced by Multiple Head Coils in MRI Research: An 8 Channel and 32 Channel Coil Comparison (2019)

Neuroimaging MRI data in scientific research is increasingly pooled, but the reliability of such studies may be hampered by the use of different hardware elements. This might introduce bias, for example when cross-sectional studies pool data acquired with different head coils, or when longitudinal clinical studies change head coils halfway. In the present study, we aimed to estimate this possible bias introduced by using different head coils to create awareness and to avoid misinterpretation of results. We acquired, with both an 8 channel and 32 channel head coil, T1-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging and resting state fMRI images at 3T MRI (Philips Achieva) with stable acquisition parameters in a large group of cognitively healthy participants (<i>n</i> = 77). Standard analysis methods, i.e., voxel-based morphometry, tract-based spatial statistics and resting state functional network analyses, were used in a within-subject design to compare 8 and 32 channel head coil data. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) for both head coils showed similar ranges, although the 32 channel SNR profile was more homogeneous. Our data demonstrates specific patterns of gray and white matter volume differences between head coils (relative volume change of 6 to 9%), related to altered image contrast and therefore, altered tissue segmentation. White matter connectivity (fractional anisotropy and diffusivity measures) showed hemispherical dependent differences between head coils (relative connectivity change of 4 to 6%), and functional connectivity in resting state networks was higher using the 32 channel head coil in posterior cortical areas (relative change up to 27.5%). This study shows that, even when acquisition protocols are harmonized, the results of standardized analysis models can be severely affected by the use of different head coils. Researchers should be aware of this when combining multiple neuroimaging MRI datasets, to prevent coil-related bias and avoid misinterpretation of their findings.
Accurate permittivity measurement of PTFE (2018)

The requirements for applications such as 5G or phased arrays are becoming more and more demanding, requiring more accurate material data to achieve the required goals. Here it is shown that only simultaneous measurement of the relevant material data with PTFE leads to reliable results.
Auf der Spur der Evolution von einem als Gerüst in Enzymen dienenden ()8-Fass (2001)

Für den gezielten Umbau bereits vorhandener Proteingerüste zur Gewinnung neuer Enzyme mit gewünschten Eigenschaften stellt die molekulare Evolution ein leistungsfähiges Konzept dar. Zwei kürzlich erschienene Arbeiten demonstrieren das erfolgreiche Protein-Engineering des weit verbreiteten β/α-Fass-Enzymgerüstes (siehe Bild). In beiden Fällen wurden neue Katalysatoren mit veränderten Bindungs- und Katalyseeigenschaften erzeugt. Dies sind die ersten Beispiele einer erfolgreichen Transformation von Enzymaktivität mithilfe zielgerichteter Evolution.
Smart Nonaqueous Foams from Lipid-Based Oleogel (2015)

Oil foams are composed of gas bubbles dispersed in an oil phase. These systems are scarcely studied despite their great potential in diverse fields such as the food and cosmetic industries. Contrary to aqueous foams, the production of oil foams is difficult to achieve due to the inefficiency of surfactant adsorption at oil-air interfaces. Herein, we report a simple way to produce oil foams from oleogels, whose liquid phase is a mixture of sunflower oil and fatty alcohols. The temperature at which the oleogel formed was found to depend on both fatty alcohol chain length and concentration. The air bubbles in the oleogel foam were stabilized by fatty alcohol crystals. Below the melting temperature of the crystals, oleogel foams were stable for months. Upon heating, these ultrastable foams collapsed within a few minutes due to the melting of the crystal particles. The transition between crystal formation and melting was reversible, leading to thermoresponsive nonaqueous foams. The reversible switching between ultrastable and unstable foam depended solely on the temperature of the system. We demonstrate that these oleogel foams can be made to be photoresponsive by using internal heat sources such as carbon black particles, which can absorb UV light and dissipate the absorbed energy as heat. This simple approach for the formulation of responsive oil foams could be easily extended to other oleogel systems and could find a broad range of applications due to the availability of the components in large quantities and at low cost.
Learning similarity measure for multi-modal 3D image registration (2009)

Multi-modal image registration is a challenging problem in medical imaging. The goal is to align anatomically identical structures; however, their appearance in images acquired with different imaging devices, such as CT or MR, may be very different. Registration algorithms generally deform one image, the floating image, such that it matches with a second, the reference image, by maximizing some similarity score between the deformed and the reference image. Instead of using a universal, but a priori fixed similarity criterion such as mutual information, we propose learning a similarity measure in a discriminative manner such that the reference and correctly deformed floating images receive high similarity scores. To this end, we develop an algorithm derived from max-margin structured output learning, and employ the learned similarity measure within a standard rigid registration algorithm. Compared to other approaches, our method adapts to the specific registration problem at hand and exploits correlations between neighboring pixels in the reference and the floating image. Empirical evaluation on CT-MR/PET-MR rigid registration tasks demonstrates that our approach yields robust performance and outperforms the state of the art methods for multi-modal medical image registration.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 7,7‐DIBROMOBICYCLO(4.1.0)HEPTANE AND 7‐BROMOBICYCLO(4.1.0)HEPTANE WITH NUCLEOPHILES BY A RADICAL CHAIN MECHANISM (1985)

Abstract Reaction of 7,7‐Dibromobicyclo[4.
Post TSV etch cleaning process development using SAPS megasonic technology (2015)

In this paper, the method of space alternated phase shift (SAPS) megasonic technology is applied for post-etch (Bosch) TSV wafers cleaning process. The SAPS technology provides uniform sonic energy on each point of entire wafer by alternating phase of megasonic wave in the gap between a megasonic device and the wafer. For this study, 5×50 μm post-etch (Bosch) TSV wafers were used. Experimental verification is provided using both physical analysis and electrical test. SEM equipped with an EDX was used to detect the presence of fluoropolymer residue (i.e., CXFY) for pre- and post-cleaning TSV coupons, FIB-SEM was used to evaluate copper plating performance; TSV leakage current map and Voltage ramp dielectric breakdown (VRDB), which act as principal electrical reliability metric, were also used to assess cleans effectiveness. The test results indicate that the megasonic energy can propagate to the bottom of TSV, and the wafers undergo SAPS cleaning process exhibit obvious electrical performance enhancement comparing with those cleaned by conventional single-wafer spray approach.
Identification of the non-virion (NV) protein of fish rhabdoviruses viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (1996)

Sequence analysis of a 795 nucleotide region of the fish rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genome revealed one complete and one partial ORF of 369 and 153 nucleotides, respectively. The latter ORF probably encodes the amino-terminal part of the L (polymerase) protein. The former ORF potentially encodes a 122 amino acid protein. The location of this ORF as well as the size and deduced structure of the translation product indicate that it represents a homologue of the non-virion (NV) protein of the related infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Antisera raised against prokaryotically expressed NV protein of VHSV and IHNV were used to detect NV expression in VHSV- and IHNV-infected cells by Western Blot and immunofluorescence analyses. We present here the sequence of the VHSV NV gene and demonstrate the presence of IHNV and VHSV NV proteins in virus-infected cells.
High-efficiency Generation of Multiple Short Noncoding RNA in B-cells and B-cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles (2015)

Short noncoding (snc)RNAs are important new players in the landscape of biologics with therapeutic potential. Recently, we reported on a new method for the synthesis and delivery of snc RNA in B-cells transfected with plasmid DNA. Here using the same approach, we demonstrate that B-cells can be programmed for the enforced biogenesis and synchronous release of multiple sncRNAs. Our data show that this goal is feasible and that multiple sncRNA are released in the extracellular compartment in amounts comparable to those from B-cells programmed to express and secrete one scnRNA only. Furthermore, we found that the cargo of extracellular vescicles (EVs) isolated from programmed B-cells is remarkably enriched for multiple sncRNA. On average, we found that the content of multiple sncRNAs in EVs is 3.6 copynumber/EV. Collectively, we demonstrate that B-cells can be easily programmed toward the synthesis and release of multiple sncRNAs, including sncRNA-laden EVs, efficiently and specifically.
Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients Over 60 Years: Hematologic Malignancy Outcomes Are Not Impaired in Advanced Age (2010)

Reduced-intensity-conditioning (RIC) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is markedly underutilized in the elderly, in part because the impact of advanced age on outcomes is poorly understood. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes in 158 consecutive hematologic malignancy patients aged > or =60 years (median, 63 years; range: 60-71 years) undergoing fludarabine/busulfan-based RIC, with a median-follow-up of 34 months (range: 12.0-85.7). Multivariate analysis was undertaken for factors having an impact on outcome. For the patients aged > or =60 years, 2-year nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and relapse was 10% and 54.6%, respectively. Two-year overall and progression-free survival (OS, PFS) was 46% and 35%, respectively. Grade II-IV acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD, cGVHD) incidence was 19.6% and 45.9%, respectively. Comparing 110 patients aged 60-64 years versus 48 patients aged > or =65 years, 2-year NRM and relapse was 10.5% versus 8.3% (P = .84) and 53.5% versus 56.3% (P = .31), respectively. Grade II-IV aGVHD and cGVHD incidence was 19.1% versus 22.9% (P = .52) and 51.8% versus 32.5% (P = .01), respectively. Two-year OS and PFS was 49% versus 41% (P = .11) and 36% versus 35% (P = .24), respectively. In a multivariate Cox-model, high-risk disease associated with poorer PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.1, P = .01) and OS (HR = 1.84, P = .03); acute myelogenous leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosis (HR = 1.66, P = .03) and matched-related donor (HR = 1.62, P = .03) associated with poorer PFS. RIC HSCT is well tolerated, with reasonable survival in elderly patients. Age is not associated with impaired outcomes. HSCT should not be excluded solely based on advanced patient age.
Venothromboembolism (VTE) in Patients (pts) with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), Burkitt’s Leukemia/Lymphoma (BL) or Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (LL). (2007)

Abstract It has been reported that cancer increases the risk of VTE 4-6-fold. The incidence of VTE in cancer pts has been estimated at 1 in 200 per year and has been well documented in solid tumors. Far less is known about the incidence of VTE in pts with hematological malignancies although a recent publication (Blom et al, JAMA293:715, 2005) suggested that pts with hematological malignancies such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma may be at a higher risk of developing VTE than pts with solid tumors. The incidence and risk of VTE has not been well studied in acute leukemias, a population in which prophylaxis is underutilized given the thrombocytopenia associated with intensive chemotherapy. To evaluate the incidence of VTE in pts with hematological malignancies further and to assess the need for VTE prophylaxis, we conducted a retrospective chart review of 299 pts with ALL, BL, or LL who were seen at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Center from November 1999 to May 2005. Pts received a hyper-CVAD based regimen (fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone alternating with methotrexate and high-dose cytarabine). The median observation period was 188 weeks (range 1–328 wks) and included post-consolidation chemotherapy, allogeneic stem cell transplant, and/or salvage chemotherapy. Among 298 evaluable pts, 52 (17%) had confirmed VTE by imaging studies. In 7 pts, VTE was the presenting sign of the malignancy. The median age of pts who developed VTE was significantly higher than of those who did not develop VTE, 48.5 yrs (range 19–75) vs. 42 yrs (range 15–83), respectively (p=0.04). With each year increase in age, the risk of having VTE increased approximately by 1.7% (p=0.059). ALL pts with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) had a higher incidence of VTE than all other pts (p=0.02), and were 1.8 times more likely to have VTE than non-Ph ALL pts (p=0.007). Caucasian pts or those with history of prior VTE had a significantly higher incidence of VTE (p=0.03 and p=0.002, respectively). The risk was 2 fold higher for Caucasians and 12 fold higher for those with a prior history of VTE. At the time of VTE, platelet counts were below 50 x 109/L in 33%, 50–100 x 109/L in 10%, and greater than 100 x 109/L in 57%. VTE occurs in a significant proportion of pts with ALL, BL, and LL. Thrombocytopenia does not preclude the development of VTE. Older age, Ph positivity, race, and history of prior VTE were significantly associated with the development of VTE. Further analysis of other known risk factors such as the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, hormonal therapy, and other comorbidities is underway to better refine the subpopulation at risk.
&lt;title&gt;3D analysis of the peritalar complex using MR imaging in live patients&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

The purpose of this work is to characterize and classify the 3D architecture and kinematics of the joints of the foot, in live patients from 3D MR images. In the first part of this work we define a set of architectural parameters to describe the 3D relationships among the peritalar components and propose a new tool to automatically classify normal and pathological feet based on their architectural features. In the second part we extend the architectural method to the kinematics of the foot. Each image data set utilized in this study consists of 60 longitudinal slices of the foot acquired on a 1.5 T commercial MR system in each of 8 positions from extreme pronation to extreme supination. In the first part of this work, we developed a graphical representation of these parameters that provides useful and specific information for the clinician, and also developed a simple pattern classification method to select the most characteristic parameters for each pathological group. In the second part of this work, we show how these specific parameters vary during motion. The results presented characterize the normal architectural features of the foot. They show how each foot can be automatically classified into one of three pathological groups based on its architecture and its variations. They also present the normal features of motion, and show how normal and abnormal motions can be distinguished. We conclude that 3D MR image and analysis is a unique and powerful technique to study and follow normal and pathological feet in living patients.
The <i>Medicago truncatula</i> ortholog of Arabidopsis EIN2, <i>sickle</i>, is a negative regulator of symbiotic and pathogenic microbial associations (2008)

The plant hormone ethylene negatively regulates bacterial infection and nodule formation in legumes in response to symbiotic rhizobia, but the molecular mechanism(s) of ethylene action in symbiosis remain obscure. We have identified and characterized multiple mutant alleles of the MtSkl1 gene, which controls both ethylene sensitivity and nodule numbers. We show that this locus encodes the Medicago truncatula ortholog of the Arabidopsis ethylene signaling protein EIN2. In addition to the well-characterized role of MtSkl1 in rhizobial symbiosis, we show that MtSkl1 is involved in regulating early phases of the symbiotic interaction with mycorrhizal fungi, and in mediating root responses to cytokinin. MtSkl1 also functions in the defense against Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora medicaginis, with the latter interaction likely to involve positive feedback amplification of ethylene biosynthesis. Overexpression of the C-terminal domain of MtEIN2 is sufficient to block nodulation responses, consistent with previous reports in Arabidopsis on the activation of ethylene signaling. This same C-terminal region is uniquely conserved throughout the EIN2 homologs of angiosperms, which is consistent with its role as a higher plant-specific innovation essential to EIN2 function.
Minimum regions of genomic imbalance in stage I testicular embryonal carcinoma and association of 22q loss with relapse (2010)

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent solid tumor to affect young adult males and are histologically divided into seminomas and nonseminomas (NS). NS comprise undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) and differentiated tumors with embryonic (teratoma) or extra-embryonic (choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor) features. In contrast to other subtypes, EC have uniform cellular morphology and lack normal cell infiltrates, ideal for nucleic acid profiling. EC are under-represented in previous studies due to their relative rarity. To gain insights into NS tumorigenesis, metastatic dissemination and potential markers of relapse, a full tiling path BAC platform was used to obtain array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) profiles from 32 formalin fixed paraffin embedded stage I EC samples from patients with follow-up data. In addition to identifying regions previously described in TGCT, novel minimum overlapping regions of gain at 6p21.33, 10q11.21, and 22q13.32 and loss at 22q12.2 were defined and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. Specifically, the region at 6p21.33 included OCT3/4, the expression of which is involved in the maintenance of pluripotency and the 10q11.21 region contains the gene encoding the RAS activating factor RASGEF1A, the expression of which was demonstrably increased in RNA extracted from these samples. The region of loss at 22q12.2 was more frequently seen in tumors that relapsed and protein expression of genes from 22q12.2 included PIK3IP1, a negative regulator of PI3 kinase signaling was reduced. These data support the role for genes involved in pluripotency and RAS/PI3K signaling in EC development and progression.
Establishment and Characterization of a Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Mammary Epithelial Cell Line (2012)

We have established a buffalo mammary epithelial cell line that can be used as a model system for studying mammary gland functions.