gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing infinite variability in mobile terminal software (2005)

Mobile terminals have evolved from basic portable telephones to complex and diverse devices that encompass dozens of other features, ranging from tri-dimensional games to office suites with data transmission capabilities. Variability is value: mobile terminal manufacturers must succeed in fulfilling the requirements of hundreds of mobile telecom operators worldwide, and at the same time increase the value of their brand by adopting a common user interface style while offering the features that the target end-user category desires. This makes for practically infinite variability and creates a business problem. The complexity of the variability problem increases due to issues such as the ability to ‘plug and play’ and ‘feature descension’ (the down-scaling of high-end features and their introduction into lower-end models). The main lesson we have learned from our experience in this field is that the application of relatively simple architectural patterns usually eases up management of the complexity at the architectural level. However, tackling the variability problem at the technical level is ineffective unless the organization is able to ensure the application of the solutions. We analyze the main challenges that lie behind the variability problem in mobile terminals, at both technical and organizational level, and illustrate some of the solutions we have implemented together with our product developers and system architects. Our experience calls for more applied research in the area of variability management, as well as for a number of enhancements to academic curricula. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supplementary Data from A Novel Anti-HER2 Antibody–Drug Conjugate XMT-1522 for HER2-Positive Breast and Gastric Cancers Resistant to Trastuzumab Emtansine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figures and figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
3D Lattice Structure Control of Ordered Macroporous Material by Self‐Assembly of Liquid Droplets (2016)

Microfluidic devices, which can continuously fabricate single emulsion with monodispersed droplets having a pore diameter of more than 100 μm in large numbers, can be applied to manufacture ordered macroporous films. 3D ordered macroporous films with a diameter of more than 100 μm can be fabricated using ordered arrays of the monodispersed droplets as templates of the macropores, which are self-assembled in the space between two parallel flat glass plates. As the gap between the glass plates increases, the number of the layer increases. Furthermore, in the case with two or more layers, the lattice structure of the macroporous films also changes due to the confinement effects.
Transfemoral versus transapical approach for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: hospital outcome and risk factor analysis. (2017)

In our experience, the TA and TF-group presented different risk profiles but mortality rate and adverse neurological outcome had a similar incidence. The transfemoral approach carried more vascular complications and paravalvular leaks but last-generation devices will improve this outcome.
Electrostatic Steering and Ionic Tethering in the Formation of Thrombin−Hirudin Complexes:  The Role of the Thrombin Anion-Binding Exosite-I (2001)

Electrostatic interactions between the thrombin anion-binding exosite-I (ABE-I) and the hirudin C-terminal tail play an important role in the formation of the thrombin-hirudin inhibitor complex and serves as a model for the interactions of thrombin with its many other ligands. The role of each solvent exposed basic residue in ABE-I (Arg(35), Lys(36), Arg(67), Arg(73), Arg(75), Arg(77a), Lys(81), Lys(109), Lys(110), and Lys(149e)) in electrostatic steering and ionic tethering in the formation of thrombin-hirudin inhibitor complexes was explored by site directed mutagenesis. The contribution to the binding energy (deltaG(degrees)b) by each residue varied from 1.9 kJ mol(-)(1) (Lys(110)) to 15.3 kJ mol(-1) (Arg(73)) and were in general agreement to their observed interactions with hirudin residues in the thrombin-hirudin crystal structure [Rydel, T. J., Tulinsky, A., Bode, W., and Huber, R. (1991) J. Mol. Biol. 221, 583-601]. Coupling energies (delta deltaG(degrees) int) were calculated for the major ion-pair interactions involved in ionic tethering using complementary hirudin mutants (h-D55N, h-E57Q, and h-E58Q). Cooperativity was seen for the h-Asp(55)/Arg(73) ion pair (2.4 kJ mol(-1)); however, low coupling energies for h-Asp(55)/Lys(149e) (deltadeltaG(degrees)int 0.6 kJ mol(-1)) and h-Glu(58)/Arg(77a) (deltadeltaG(degrees)int 0.9 kJ mol(-1)) suggest these are not major interactions, as anticipated by the crystal structure. Interestingly, high coupling energies were seen for the intermolecular ion-pair h-Glu(57)/Arg(75) (deltadeltaG(degrees)int 2.3 kJ mol(-1)) and for the solvent bridge h-Glu(57)/Arg(77a) (deltadeltaG(degrees)int 2.7 kJ mol(-1)) indicating that h-Glu(57) interacts directly with both Arg(75) and Arg(77a) in the thrombin-hirudin inhibitor complex. The remaining ABE-I residues that do not form major contacts in tethering the C-terminal tail of hirudin make small but collectively important contributions to the overall positive electrostatic field generated by ABE-I important in electrostatic steering.
Nested Russian Doll-Like Genetic Mobility Drives Rapid Dissemination of the Carbapenem Resistance Gene <i>bla</i> <sub>KPC</sub> (2016)

The recent widespread emergence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is a major public health concern, as carbapenems are a therapy of last resort against this family of common bacterial pathogens. Resistance genes can mobilize via various mechanisms, including conjugation and transposition; however, the importance of this mobility in short-term evolution, such as within nosocomial outbreaks, is unknown. Using a combination of short- and long-read whole-genome sequencing of 281 blaKPC-positive Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a single hospital over 5 years, we demonstrate rapid dissemination of this carbapenem resistance gene to multiple species, strains, and plasmids. Mobility of blaKPC occurs at multiple nested genetic levels, with transmission of blaKPC strains between individuals, frequent transfer of blaKPC plasmids between strains/species, and frequent transposition of blaKPC transposon Tn4401 between plasmids. We also identify a common insertion site for Tn4401 within various Tn2-like elements, suggesting that homologous recombination between Tn2-like elements has enhanced the spread of Tn4401 between different plasmid vectors. Furthermore, while short-read sequencing has known limitations for plasmid assembly, various studies have attempted to overcome this by the use of reference-based methods. We also demonstrate that, as a consequence of the genetic mobility observed in this study, plasmid structures can be extremely dynamic, and therefore these reference-based methods, as well as traditional partial typing methods, can produce very misleading conclusions. Overall, our findings demonstrate that nonclonal resistance gene dissemination can be extremely rapid, presenting significant challenges for public health surveillance and achieving effective control of antibiotic resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Trifluoromethylation/Aryl Migration/Desulfonylation and C(sp<sup>2</sup>)—N Bond Formation of Conjugated Tosyl Amides. (2014)

Abstract The reaction affords α‐aryl‐βtrifluoromethylamides with a quaternary stereocenter or trifluoromethylated oxindoles from the N‐aryl or N‐alkyl substrates of the types (I) or (X), respectively.
Low-temperature atomic layer deposition of indium oxide thin films using trimethylindium and oxygen plasma (2021)

Indium oxide (InxOy) thin films were deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) using trimethylindium and oxygen plasma in a low-temperature range of 80–200 °C. The optical properties, chemical composition, crystallographic structure, and electrical characteristics of these layers were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. The SE results yielded a nearly constant growth rate of 0.56 Å per cycle and a thickness inhomogeneity of ≤1.2% across 4-in. substrates in the temperature range of 100–150 °C. The refractive index (at 632.8 nm) was found to be 2.07 for the films deposited at 150 °C. The PEALD-InxOy layers exhibit a direct (3.3 ± 0.2 eV) and an indirect (2.8 ± 0.1 eV) bandgap with an uptrend for both with increasing substrate temperature. Based on XPS characterization, all InxOy samples are free of carbon impurities and show a temperature-dependent off-stoichiometry indicating oxygen vacancies. XRD diffraction patterns demonstrate an onset of crystallization at 150 °C. Consistent with the optical, XPS, and XRD data, the films deposited at ≥150 °C possess higher electrical conductivity. Our findings prove that a low-temperature PEALD process of InxOy is feasible and promising for a high-quality thin-film deposition without chemical impurities on thermally fragile substrates.
Phenotypic expression of natural killer cell associated membrane antigens in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. (1988)

The function and phenotypes of peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells from patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined using a 4 hr 51Cr release NK assay and two-color flow cytometry utilizing anti-Leu-7 and anti-Leu-11 monoclonal antibodies. There was no significant difference between control and patient groups in the percent representation of a total of NK, Leu-7-11+ or Leu-7+11- cells except that the percent representation of Leu-7+11- cells was significantly increased in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) in comparison with that of chronic active hepatitis (CAH). On the other hand, patients with LC and HCC had lower absolute numbers of a total of NK, Leu-7-11+ and Leu-7+11- cells than did controls or patients with CAH, reflecting the diminished peripheral blood lymphocyte count. Our data indicate that decreased in vitro NK activity in patients with LC and HCC observed in the present study may be due to a functional defect of NK cells.
Analysis of bandpass sigma-delta modulator architectures (2002)

This work analyses two architectures of bandpass sigma delta modulators, in order to find their sensitivity against operational amplifier finite voltage gain, having in mind a switched capacitor realization of both architectures. Expressions for the ideal signal to noise ratio and dynamic range of both architectures are found, as well as a model of the degradation of the mentioned parameters due to finite values of the voltage gain. The proposed model is then compared with nonlinear high level simulations including the effect of finite voltage gain.
Z-Glyph: Visualizing outliers in multivariate data (2017)

Outlier analysis techniques are extensively used in many domains such as intrusion detection. Today, even with the most advanced statistical learning techniques, human judgment still plays an important role in outlier analysis tasks due to the difficulty of defining and collecting outlier examples. This work seeks to tackle this problem by introducing a new visualization design, “Z-Glyph,” a family of glyphs designed to facilitate human judgment in outlier analysis of multivariate data. By employing a location-scale transformation, a Z-Glyph represents the “normal” data using regular shapes (e.g. straight line and circle), such that the abnormal data can be revealed when deviating from the regular shapes. Extensive controlled experiment and case studies based on real-world datasets indicate the superior performance of the Z-Glyph family, compared with the baselines, suggesting that the proposed design is able to leverage human perceptional features with statistical characterization. This study contributes to a more fundamental understanding about designing visual representations for revealing outliers in multivariate data, which can be applied as a building block in many domain-specific anomaly detection applications.
Common origin for stress-induced leakage current and electron trap generation in SiO2 (1995)

The origin of stress-induced leakage current in ultrathin SiO2 has been quantitatively investigated on the basis of the experimental results on temperature dependence of stress-induced leakage current. We found that stress-induced leakage current is dependent on stressing temperature, and that it is independent of measurement temperature. It has been quantitatively demonstrated for the first time that the activation energy of the appearance of stress-induced leakage current agrees well with that of electron trap generation so far reported. It is discussed quantitatively that stress-induced leakage current and electron trap generation have a common origin.
No association between thyroid function and peripheral leptin, ghrelin or adiponectin levels (2004)

Hypothyroidism leads to decreased oxygen consumption yielding a decreased metabolic rate with reduced substrate catabolism and depressed appetite. Leptin is known as a regulator of appetite and weight regulation. Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion as well as appetite and food intake. Moreover, recent data have shown that a reduction of adiponectin expression is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in some animal models. To explore whether peripheral leptin, ghrelin or adiponectin are involved in the regulation of appetite and body weight in hyper- or hypothyroidism, circulating levels of these hormones were measured in 115 hyperthyroid, 60 euthyroid and 15 hypothyroid consecutive patients in fasting state. There was no significant difference comparing adiponectin levels in hypo- or hyperthyroid compared to euthyroid patients. Ghrelin levels were decreased in hypothyroidism (97±55 pg/ml) compared to euthyroid patients (125±110 pg/ml), but this difference was not significant (p=0.88). Moreover, in all three study groups we detected no differences of leptin levels regarding to thyroid status. Therefore we conclude that neither in hypothyroidism nor in hyperthyroidism peripheral ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin levels play an important role in the regulation of appetite or food intake.
Well Testing in the New Millennium — Real Time (2001)

Abstract As oil industry technology has advanced, increasing emphasis has been placed upon accomplishing operational objectives more safely and efficiently. In pursuing these goals, operators and service companies have investigated the advances made in other technological fields, and many innovative applications have found their way into oilfield operations to accomplish these objectives. One of the most notable technologies for improving and disseminating information is "Real Time Operations." Real Time Operations or RTO in the oil industry is already a reality in certain geographical areas. Specifically, data from drilling operations such as Formation-Evaluation-While-Drilling are already being "beamed" real-time back to the operators, assisting them in making optimal operating decisions. The advantages are clear when one considers that in the past, the subject matter expert had to be present at the well site in order to carry out any type of real time analysis or control during an operation. This advantage becomes particularly beneficial in remote areas. Cost savings from RTO vary according to the particular service and wellsite location, but with increasing emphasis on deeper waters, high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) environments, and remote areas, the value of RTO becomes more evident. This paper will present a synopsis of oilfield RTO and how it is applied to drill tem testing and well testing. A classification system is proposed for delineating the different types of RTO that are available. Several RTO case histories are presented to support the applications. A discussion concerning the added-value generated as well as the relative cost-savings will be shown by the case histories. The capability to carry out real-time analysis remotely can positively effect cost efficiency and allow state-of-the-art testing to be performed in areas that would not previously have been feasible. In addition to the present usage of RTO in the oilfield, this paper will discuss what RTO capabilities can provide, in both the near-term and in the distant future.
HE EFFECT OF A HINDFOOT DEFORMITY ON THE FULL LEG ALIGNMENT ASSESSED BY WEIGHT-BEARING CT (2018)

Hindfoot disorders are complex 3D deformities. Current literature has assessed their influence on the full leg alignment, but the superposition of the hindfoot on plain radiographs resulted in diff...
PANOPLY: A computational method for identification of promising drugs for a patient based on multidimensional data (2017)

The majority of cancer patients receive treatments that are minimally informed by omics data. Our goal was to develop a precision medicine computational framework (PANOPLY: Precision cancer genomic report: single sample inventory) to identify and prioritize drug targets and cancer therapy regimens. The PANOPLY approach integrates clinical data with germline and somatic features obtained from multi-omics platforms, and apply machine learning, and network analysis approaches in the context of the individual patient and matched controls. The PANOPLY employs multiple steps including i) selection of matched controls, ii) preprocessing of data and identification of driver mutations and altered genes in the patient, iii) identification of suitable drugs using the driver-gene network and random forest analysis, and iv) a multi-omics case report of the patient with prioritization of anti-cancer drugs. The PANOPLY framework can be executed on a stand-alone virtual machine and is also available for download as an R package. We applied PANOPLY to multiple publicly accessible multi-omics tumor datasets with survival data available. We also applied the method to an institutional breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy study which collected clinical and genomic data as well as patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to investigate the prioritization offered by PANOPLY. We found that that the prioritized drug, olaparib, was more effective than placebo at treating the tumor in the chemotherapy resistant PDX model (P < 0.05). Further studies are ongoing to determine the efficacy of PANOPLY using additional PDXs. In summary, PANOPLY prioritizes drugs based on both clinical and multi-omics data, and it can aid oncologists in their decision-making for therapy in the individual patient.
Inclusion dependencies in database design (1986)

A design methodology for relational databases is developed. The main aspects of the methodology are the following. (a) It uses functional dependencies and inclusion dependencies. The latter are essential to model properly e.g. isa-relationships. (b) It is incremental: the database scheme evolves step by step as new information is considered. (c) It is based on an interaction between the designer and a tool that implements the methodology. The basis of the methodology is a normal form for schemes with functional dependencies and inclusion dependencies. Transformations for incrementally changing a scheme into normal form are given.
Microcomputer user interface toolkits (panel session) (1985)

A well-designed user interface is a very valuable asset: the best available today are based on hundreds of man-years of work combining results of research in human factors, tasteful design reviewed and modified through extensive end-user testing, and many rounds of implementation effort. As a result, the user interface “toolkit” is emerging as the hottest new software item. A toolkit can provide software developers with a programming environment in which the user interface coding is already done so that new applications programs can automatically be integrated with other workstation functions. The panel will evaluate this new trend. Tesler and MacGregor, will present the designs of the leading toolkit products from Apple and Microsoft, respectively. Reed will analyze the choices from the point of view of the third party software vendors' requirements. Noting that the effort going into these products may well result in de facto standard setting, Buxton will question the appropriateness of making this commitment based on microcomputer hardware.
T-ray reflection computed tomography (2005)

We describe a powerful new imaging modality for terahertz radiation, T-ray reflection computed tomography. Edge maps of an object's cross-section are reconstructed from a series of time-domain reflection measurements at different viewing angles.
21.3 A sub-mm<sup>3</sup> wireless implantable intraocular pressure monitor microsystem (2017)

Glaucoma is an eye disease, where the elevated level of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the anterior chamber of the eye can damage the optic nerve causing irreversible blindness [1]. An IOP monitoring microsystem (IMM) implanted in the interior chamber of the eye is required to take frequent IOP measurements to account for its diurnal variation and dependency on the body posture, which is not possible with the widely used tonometric measurement [2–4].
Dissemination of precise radio-frequency references for environmental sensing over long-haul optical-fiber networks (2016)

Optical-fiber networks, compensated for path-length fluctuations, enable long-distance dissemination of a radio-frequency signal for precise spectroscopic calibration at remote sites in environmental, industrial and energy-monitoring applications.
Optics-Based Approach to Thermal Management of Photovoltaics: Selective-Spectral and Radiative Cooling (2017)

For commercial one-sun solar modules, up to 80% of the incoming sunlight may be dissipated as heat, potentially raising the temperature 20-30 °C higher than the ambient. In the long term, extreme self-heating erodes efficiency and shortens lifetime, thereby dramatically reducing the total energy output. Therefore, it is critically important to develop effective and practical (and preferably passive) cooling methods to reduce operating temperature of photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this paper, we explore two fundamental (but often overlooked) origins of PV self-heating, namely, sub-bandgap absorption and imperfect thermal radiation. The analysis suggests that we redesign the optical properties of the solar module to eliminate parasitic absorption (selective-spectral cooling) and enhance thermal emission (radiative cooling). Comprehensive opto-electro-thermal simulation shows that the proposed techniques would cool one-sun terrestrial solar modules up to 10 °C. This self-cooling would substantially extend the lifetime for solar modules, with corresponding increase in energy yields and reduced levelized cost of electricity.
A Nodal Model Dedicated to Self-Heating and Thermal Coupling Simulations (2008)

Both reduction in device sizes and enhanced increase in current densities lead to concern about the impact of the self-heating effect on device electrical characteristics. Moreover, in power transistors applications, devices are connected in parallel, so thermal interaction between devices also has to be considered. In this paper, a nodal model is proposed in order to take into account temperature variation due to self-heating and thermal coupling. This model associated with the HICUM Level 2 version 2.21 compact model is validated thanks to measurements made on specific test structures.