gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by clonoSEQ to monitor residual disease after axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). (2023)

7547 Background: Most patients (pts) with LBCL respond to axi-cel, but many will eventually experience disease progression (Jacobson et al. JCO. 2020). Monitoring of ctDNA from blood, a minimally invasive diagnostic tool, has been used to assess measurable residual disease (MRD) with prognostic value, including in pts with diffuse LBCL treated with axi-cel in the third line of therapy (3L; Frank et al. JCO. 2019). Here, we explored the value of ctDNA to predict outcomes in LBCL after axi-cel across lines of treatment. Methods: Pts with LBCL from ZUMA-12 (Phase 2 axi-cel in 1L), ZUMA-7 (Phase 3 axi-cel or standard of care [SOC] in 2L), and ZUMA-14 (Phase 2 axi-cel + rituximab in 3L) were included. All studies included initial MRD testing ≈30 days post axi-cel infusion. ClonoSEQ MRD assay (limit of detection≈0.0001%-0.00001%) was used to define the lymphoma B-cell clonotype in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy tissue prior to axi-cel infusion and to track ctDNA in blood after treatment. Positive predictive value (PPV; MRD+ pts who relapsed or were nonresponders/total MRD+ pts ×100) and negative predictive value (NPV; MRD- pts in ongoing response/total MRD- pts ×100) were assessed at Day 28, Month (Mo) 3, and Mo 5 for 3L; Days 50, 100, 150, Mo 9,and Mo 24 for 2L; and Day 28, Mo 3, and Mo 6 for 1L. Results: In 3L, the PPV at Day 28 was 88% (7/8) and NPV was 83% (10/12). NPV remained 83% at Mo 3 (10/12) and increased to 100% (8/8) at Mo 5. Overall, 83% (5/6) of relapsed pts had MRD detected at any time; of those 5, 100% (5/5) had MRD detected at any time prior to or at progression with a median detection of 43 days prior to progression. In 2L, the MRD+ detection rate among evaluable pre-infusion samples was only 69% (11/16). At Day 50, PPV was 100% (7/7) in the SOC arm, whereas it was only 57% (4/7) in the axi-cel arm. PPV increased over time in the axi-cel arm, reaching 100% by Mo 9 (2/2). At Day 50, NPV was 53% (8/15) in the axi-cel arm and 38% (5/13) in the SOC arm. Overall, 47% (9/19) of relapsed pts on the axi-cel arm had MRD detected at any time; of those 9, 78% (7/9) had MRD detected prior to or at progression with a median of 35 days prior to progression. In 1L, most pts (11/14) remained in ongoing response by data cut off. The PPV at Day 28 was 50% (1/2): of the two pts who had detectable MRD at Day 28, one subsequently became MRD negative at Mo 3 yet relapsed just after Mo 3, while the second became negative by Mo 3 and had ongoing response up to Mo 24. The NPV at Day 28 was 88% (7/8). Conclusions: The prognostic value of MRD assessment by clonoSEQ varied across lines of therapy in pts with LBCL treated with axi-cel. A relatively high rate of undetectable MRD at baseline in the 2L setting and prior to relapse in the 2L and 1L settings warrants exploration of more sensitive ctDNA monitoring methods. Clinical trial information: NCT03391466 NCT03761056 NCT04002401 .
Effects of fasting on tissue glucose utilization in conscious resting rats. Major glucose-sparing effect in working muscles (1987)

The effects of fasting on glucose metabolism in the conscious resting rat were studied. Fasting decreased whole-body glucose utilization by 40%. The fast induced a decrease in glucose utilization in muscles which are constantly working even in the resting state, i.e. heart, diaphragm and postural muscles. No modification was observed in other tissues.
Correction: Tadalafil Augments Tumor-specific Immunity in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2018)

In the original version of [this article][1] ([1][2]), the authors did not disclose that the investigational agent used, tadalafil, was supplied by Lilly, Inc. This information is now included in the Acknowledgements. The error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the
Benefits of quasi-continuous symbol rate tunability in links constrained by ROADM filtering (2022)

As modern optical networks continue evolving toward higher symbol rates while supporting tight channel spacing, penalties due to optical filtering incurred by transmission through reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) can become significant within the overall link budget. For this reason, filtering impairments must be realistically assessed and accurately modeled, particularly in terrestrial networks where signals may traverse many ROADMs. Given that modern transceivers can provide flexible modulation options and most ROADMs in use today support flexible grid operation, there remains the challenge of optimizing performance and/or capacity while managing these multiple degrees of freedom. In this work, we use real-time transceivers with a tunable symbol rate up to 72 GBaud and variable modulation up to 64QAM to experimentally investigate the impact of ROADM filtering on the optimum operating condition required to maximize channel capacity or margin. We also present a simplified model for considering the filtering impairment as an additive noise term and use it to predict performance in other scenarios. It is shown that symbol rate tunability in steps below 5 GBd is required to maximize the margin for a given link passband. Finally, we explore the difference in performance for filtering conditions with passband narrowing on both sides of the signal, assuming individual wavelength routing, or only on one side of the signal, assuming multi-carrier routing.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Potentiation of the Novel Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Indenoisoquinoline LMP-400 by the Cell Checkpoint and Chk1-Chk2 Inhibitor AZD7762 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 245K&lt;/p&gt;
Downlink overloaded multiple access based on constellation expansion (2014)

A new overloaded multiple access scheme for the downlink of wireless systems is presented. It performs simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams intended for users experiencing similar signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The proposed scheme performs stream multiplexing by mapping the coded bits of each stream onto the labels of an expanded constellation according to a time-varying pattern designed for providing the same level of protection against errors to all streams. Using this scheme, multiple data streams can be concurrently transmitted on the same time-frequency resource blocks of OFDMA systems, thus achieving a higher aggregate spectral efficiency and tighter delay constraints.
Anti-Inflammatory and Chemopreventive Effects of Triterpene Cinnamates and Acetates from Shea Fat (2010)

Four triterpene acetates, alpha-amyrin acetate (1a), beta-amyrin acetate (2a), lupeol acetate (3a), and butyrospermol acetate (4a), and four triterpene cinnamates, alpha-amyrin cinnamate (1c), beta-amyrin cinnamate (2c), lupeol cinnamate (3c), and butyrospermol cinnamate (4c), were isolated from the kernel fat (n-hexane extract) of the shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa; Sapotaceae). Upon evaluation of these eight triterpene esters for inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice, all of the compounds tested exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity, with ID50 values in the range of 0.15-0.75 micromol/ear, and among which compound 3c showed the highest activity with ID(50) of 0.15 micromol/ear. Compound 3c (10 mg/kg) further exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on rat hind paw edema induced by carrageenan, with the percentage of inflammation at 1, 3, and 5 h of 35.4, 41.5, and 45.5%, respectively. The eight triterpene esters were then evaluated for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) in Raji cells as a primary screening test for inhibitors of tumor promoters. All the compounds showed moderate inhibitory effects. Furthermore, compound 3c exhibited inhibitory effect on skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test using 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter. The biological activities of triterpene acetate and cinnamate esters, together with the exceptionally high levels of these triterpenes in shea fat, indicate that shea nuts and shea fat (shea butter) constitute a significant source of anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor promoting compounds.
Synthesis of optically pure compounds by enantiotopically differentiating monoacetalization of prochiral diketones (1982)

Abstract Reaction of 9‐methyl‐ cis ‐decalin‐1,8‐dione ( 2 ) and of its trans ‐isomer ( 3 ) with (2 R ,3 R )‐2,3‐butanediol ( 8 ) gives in both cases the monoacetals in high yield. While no enantiotopic differentiation is found for 3 , a strong preference for the (9 S ,10 R )‐monoacetal 9 is found for the cis ‐decalin‐dione 2. The differentiation, reaching a maximal ratio of 9:1, is found to increase by conditions, which slow down the rate of reaction, e. g. lowering the temperature, the concentration of the acid catalyst, or by using a sterically encumbered catalyst. The use of this procedure for the preparation of optically active compounds is exemplified by the transformation of monoacetal 9 (obtained in 76% yield from 2 ) into (9 R , 10 R )‐9‐methyl‐1‐decalone ( 12 ). The differing behaviour of diketones 2 and 3 is discussed in terms of steric and electronic effects.
An Insulin Resistance Score Improved Diabetes Risk Assessment in the Malmö Prevention Project—A Longitudinal Population-Based Study of Older Europeans (2021)

The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase, despite the established efficacy of T2D prevention interventions. Identifying individuals at high risk and making them the focus of preventive interventions may reduce the incidence of diabetes and global disease burden. We recently showed that T2D risk assessment in white middle-aged men and women can be improved with addition of an insulin resistance measure (assessed by HOMA of insulin resistance) to glycemia and other established risk factors (1). We have also developed an insulin resistance score (IRScore), comprising fasting insulin and C-peptide measured by mass spectrometry, to assess the probability of existing insulin resistance where insulin resistance was defined as being in the top tertile of steady-state plasma glucose level (≥198 mg/dL) (2).

In the current study, we asked whether this IRScore improved T2D risk assessment beyond glycemia and established risk factors in a population of older Europeans. Older populations are of particular interest given the steady increase in the average age worldwide, especially in Europe, Japan, China, and the U.S. We conducted a case-cohort study based on the …
Inhibition of PI3K promotes dilation of human small airways in a rho kinase‐dependent manner (2016)

PI3Kδ inhibitors act as dilators of human small airways. Taken together, these findings provide alternative approaches to the clinical management of airway obstruction in asthma.
Iterative Low-Dose CT Reconstruction With Priors Trained by Artificial Neural Network (2017)

Dose reduction in computed tomography (CT) is essential for decreasing radiation risk in clinical applications. Iterative reconstruction algorithms are one of the most promising way to compensate for the increased noise due to reduction of photon flux. Most iterative reconstruction algorithms incorporate manually designed prior functions of the reconstructed image to suppress noises while maintaining structures of the image. These priors basically rely on smoothness constraints and cannot exploit more complex features of the image. The recent development of artificial neural networks and machine learning enabled learning of more complex features of image, which has the potential to improve reconstruction quality. In this letter, K-sparse auto encoder was used for unsupervised feature learning. A manifold was learned from normal-dose images and the distance between the reconstructed image and the manifold was minimized along with data fidelity during reconstruction. Experiments on 2016 Low-dose CT Grand Challenge were used for the method verification, and results demonstrated the noise reduction and detail preservation abilities of the proposed method.
Fault-tolerant synthesis using non-uniform redundancy (2009)

As process technologies continue to scale into the nanometer regime, devices are becoming significantly more unreliable. Many forms of unreliability manifest as transient faults and can cause intermittent random logic upsets. These logic upsets are often caused by natural radiation (neutrons and alpha particles) or on-chip noise (cross-coupling, supply drop, or flicker noise). This research improves reliability by using non-uniform redundancy. Specifically, we present a dynamic programming algorithm that considers many possible topological redundancies, yet maintains a linear run-time due to efficient pruning of suboptimal solutions. Our algorithm provides designers with a Pareto-optimal set of solutions that trade reliability for area. Compared to existing triple modular redundancy (TMR), we see similar reliability with only 35% area overhead instead of 326%.
Infrequent mutation in the BRCA2 gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (2002)

BRCA2 mutations occur in ESCC but are infrequent and of unknown consequence. The putative target tumor suppressor gene corresponding to the high rate of chromosome 13q allelic loss remains unknown.
The Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Halides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents: A New Route to Constructing Quaternary Carbon Centers (2014)

The cross-coupling of alkyl (pseudo)halides with alkyl Grignard reagents is catalyzed efficiently by a cobalt(II) chloride–lithium iodide–1,3-diene catalytic system, which provides a new synthetic tool for constructing sp<sup>3</sup> carbon chains. This system is particularly useful for creating quaternary carbon centers via the use of tertiary alkyl Grignard reagents. Various functional groups including esters, amides and carbamates are well tolerated.
Misregulation of cell adhesion molecules in the Ciona neural tube closure mutant bugeye (2021)

Neural tube closure (NTC) is a complex multi-step morphogenetic process that transforms the flat neural plate found on the surface of the post-gastrulation embryo into the hollow and subsurface central nervous system (CNS). Errors in this process underlie some of the most prevalent human birth defects, and occur in about 1 out of every 1000 births. Previously, we discovered a mutant in the basal chordate Ciona savignyi (named bugeye) that revealed a novel role for a T-Type Calcium Channel (Cav3) in this process. Moreover, the requirement for CAV3s in Xenopus NTC suggests a conserved function among the chordates. Loss of CAV3 leads to defects restricted to anterior NTC, with the brain apparently fully developed, but protruding from the head. Here we report first on a new Cav3 mutant in the related species C. robusta. RNAseq analysis of both C. robusta and C. savignyi bugeye mutants reveals misregulation of a number of transcripts including ones that are involved in cell-cell recognition and adhesion. Two in particular, Selectin and Fibronectin leucine-rich repeat transmembrane, which are aberrantly upregulated in the mutant, are expressed in the closing neural tube, and when disrupted by CRISPR gene editing lead to the open brain phenotype displayed in bugeye mutants. We speculate that these molecules play a transient role in tissue separation and adhesion during NTC and failure to downregulate them leads to an open neural tube.
Different cultures: The festival of Hop-tu-Naa (2007)

Stories can be a great way of teaching about other cultures. Paula Hammond tells a tale about celebrating the Celtic New year, and offers some post-story activity ideas.
La valorisation du babeurre passe par les lipides polaires. (2012)

Les lipides laitiers présents dans le babeurre : un atout nutritionnel valorisableLe babeurre est un co-produit de l’industrie beurrière encore mal valorisé bien qu’il soit riche en certains lipides laitiers fonctionnels particuliers pouvant présenter des bénéfices nutritionnels. Le projet VALOBAB propose de développer des procédés dans une approche durable pour concentrer ces lipides à partir du babeurre et les étudier notamment concernant leurs propriétés nutritionnelles.Valorisation du babeurre au travers de ses lipidesLa nutrition joue un rôle majeur dans la prévention des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires. De plus, les consommateurs ont, plus que jamais, la volonté de consommer de «bons aliments» associant plaisir et santé. Dans ce contexte, les lipides polaires sont des micro-constituants alimentaires importants largement utilisés dans l’industrie, notamment pour leur contribution à la texture plaisante des aliments. Les lécithines de soja et d’oeuf sont les principales sources commerciales de phospholipides alors que les lipides polaires du lait ne sont que rarement utilisés. Ces derniers sont présents dans le lait sous forme de membrane des globules gras et contiennent des phospholipides mais aussi d’autres lipides polaires bioactifs, les sphingolipides, qui pourraient présenter un intérêt dans le cadre de la prévention des maladies métaboliques. Le babeurre est la source majeure de lipides polaires d’origine laitière.Le projet VALOBAB a pour objectifs de mettre au point un procédé durable et éco-conçu pour concentrer les lipides polaires laitiers, d'évaluer leur fonctionnalité dans les aliments et de mettre en évidence leur intérêt nutritionnel chez l’homme dans une perspective de valorisation du babeurre pour des applications nutritionnelles.Une approche multidisciplinaire dans l’optique d’une valorisation largeLe projet repose sur les 3 piliers du développement durable (environnement, société et économie), il associe pour atteindre ses objectifs différentes disciplines scientifiques : génie des procédés appliqués à l’industrie laitière, sciences des aliments et physico-chimie, analyse sensorielle, métabolisme et nutrition, microbiologie.
Development of a new human-like talking robot having advanced vocal tract mechanisms (2004)

This paper describes the development of a new talking robot WT-2 that improved on WT-1R and has advanced vocal tract mechanisms for the reproduction of human vocal movement. WT-2 consists lungs, vocal cords, a vocal cavity and nasal cavity; the total DOF is 15. The length of the vocal tract is about 175 mm and is almost the same as that of an adult male. Compared to WT-1 or WT-1R developed previously, WT-2 could utter Japanese vowels more clearly, and produce stops, fricatives and nasal sounds by a new flexible tongue mechanism as well as decrease sound leaks from the tongue except those from the lips or nostrils.
Relevance of vitamin D metabolite concentrations in supporting the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. (1991)

We compared the relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 38 volunteer blood donors. There was no significant difference in mean 25(OH)D levels between patients with PHPT (34 +/- 21 nmol/L; n = 21) and the donor samples (41 +/- 19 nmol/L; n = 38). Serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were higher in the patients with PHPT compared with the donors (122 +/- 61 pmol/L vs 56 +/- 41 pmol/L; p less than 0.001). The 95th percentile 1,25(OH)2D value for the donors was exceeded in 65% of the patients with PHPT. There was a significant correlation between serum 1,25(OH)2D versus 25(OH)D in the patients with PHPT (r = 0.50; p less than 0.05) but not in the donors (r = 0.02). We conclude from the distinct elevation in 1,25(OH)2D levels in the majority of our patients with PHPT that the concentration of this parathyroid hormone-dependent hormone can be of critical value in corroborating the diagnosis of PHPT.
EpCAM nuclear localization identifies aggressive Thyroid Cancer and is a marker for poor prognosis (2010)

We report reciprocal loss of membrane EpEx but increased nuclear and cytoplasmic accumulation of Ep-ICD in aggressive TC; nuclear Ep-ICD correlated with poor OS of TC patients. Thus nuclear Ep-ICD localization may serve as a useful biomarker for aggressive TC and may represent a novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target for aggressive TC.
Myocardial contractility is early affected in systemic sclerosis: A Tissue Doppler echocardiography study (2005)

Frequent abnormal myocardial perfusion is confirmed in SSc patients. Reduced contractility is also frequent as detected by TDE, despite normal radionuclide LVEF.
Interface Engineering of Metal Oxynitride Lateral Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic and Optoelectronic Applications (2018)

Significant improvements of the photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications demand materials that exhibit finely tuned band gaps, band edge potentials, exciton dynamics, charged states, and crystal facets/edges that facilitate enhanced chemical reactivity. Fundamental insights into the structure–function relationships can dictate the synthesis requirements of these materials. Zinc oxynitride-based materials have demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity, and they also present a perfect platform for tailoring the material properties of interest. We hereby investigate lateral heterojunctions of zinc oxynitrides toward photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications by computationally examining their response to composition, lattice strain, and anion vacancy defect variation. Along with tuning the band gap of the materials toward optimal optical performance, we demonstrated the site specificity of the vacancy defects. Oxygen vacancies and nitrogen vacancies were found to be favored at the bulk and at the interface, respectively. Biaxial and vertical compressive strain increased the band gap, whereas tensile strain reduced the band gap. The neutral and charged vacancies rendered either increased electronic density of states at the conduction and valence band edges or the formation of mid-gap states. These insights into electronic state variation via intrinsic material parameters are fundamental toward synthesis of future materials for enhanced photocatalysis and optoelectronic purposes.