gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bin-Based Bitstream Partitioning Approach for Parallel CABAC Decoding in Next Generation Video Coding (2019)

Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) is one of the main throughput bottlenecks in video decoding due to its sequential nature and the lack of data-level parallelism. High-level parallelization techniques can be used in most state-of-the-art video codecs, but they usually require a full replication of the decoding hardware and decrease the coding efficiency. We present a Bin-based Bitstream Partitioning (B3P) scheme to enable additional thread-level parallelism in CABAC decoding. Binary symbols are distributed over eight bitstream partitions that can be decoded simultaneously. The implementation and evaluation are based on the High Efficiency Video Coding Standard (HEVC/H.265). Significant speedups up to 8.5× are achieved for CABAC decoding while only 9.2% extra cell area is required and the bitstream overhead remains below 1% for high bitrates. The B3P hardware decoder can process up to 3.94 Gbins/s. Compared to state-of-the-art related work, we achieve higher throughput with slightly lower hardware cost and similar coding efficiency.
Ventricular Septal Dissection Complicating Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction (2017)

Postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect is an increasingly rare mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction. We present a case of acute myocardial infarction from right coronary artery occlusion that developed hypotension and systolic murmur 12 hours after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. Although preoperative imaging suggested a large ventricular septal defect and a pseudoaneurysm, intraoperative findings concluded a serpiginous dissection of the ventricular septum. The imaging technicalities are discussed.
Visual Perception of Three-Dimensional Motion (1990)

As an observer moves and explores the environment, the visual stimulation in his eye is constantly changing. Somehow he is able to perceive the spatial layout of the scene, and to discern his movement through space. Computational vision researchers have been trying to solve this problem for a number of years with only limited success. It is a difficult problem to solve because the relationship between the optical-flow field, the 3D motion parameters, and depth is nonlinear. We have come to understand that this nonlinear equation describing the optical-flow field can be split by an exact algebraic manipulation to yield an equation that relates the image velocities to the translational component of the 3D motion alone. Thus, the depth and the rotational velocity need not be known or estimated prior to solving for the translational velocity. The algorithm applies to the general case of arbitrary motion with respect to an arbitrary scene. It is simple to compute and it is plausible biologically.
SIGNALS TRANSDUCED BY THE COMMON γ CHAIN OF CYTOKINE RECEPTORS ARE CRITICAL IN ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1998)

117 T cell growth factors (TCGFs) play a critical role in allograft rejection. TCGFs upon binding to their cell surface receptors promote the growth and differentiation of alloreactive T cells. The γc chain is a shared signaling component by receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, all potent TCGFs. In the present study, we examined the role of γc chain transduced signals in rejection of islet allografts in mice. Crude DBA/2J(H-2d) islets were transplanted under the renal capsule into B6AF1(H-2b/d.k) recipients rendered diabetic by a single i.p. injection of stretozotocin (225mg/kg). Recipient mice were treated with two blocking anti-γc chain mAbs (4G3/3E12) or isotype control antibody on days 0, 1, 3, 7 post transplantation (0.5mg/injection i.p.). Islet allograft survival was summarized below: TableQRT-PCR analysis also revealed decreased intragraft expression of immune activation genes following anti-γc treatment. Conclusion: our data establish that the γc chain transduced signals are critical in the execution of allograft rejection.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Regulatory mechanisms and novel therapeutic targeting strategies for protein tyrosine phosphatases. (2018)

Appropriate level of protein phosphorylation on tyrosine is essential for cells to react to extracellular stimuli and keep cellular homeostasis. Faulty operation of signal pathways mediated by protein tyrosine phosphorylation causes numerous human diseases, which presents enormous opportunities for therapeutic interventions. While the importance of protein tyrosine kinases in orchestrating the tyrosine phosphorylation networks and in target-based drug discovery has long been recognized, the significance of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in cellular signaling and disease biology has historically been underappreciated, due to a large extent an erroneous assumption that they are largely constitutive and housekeeping enzymes. Here, we provide a comprehensive examination on a number of regulatory mechanisms including redox modulation, allosteric regulation, and protein oligomerization, in controlling PTP activity. These regulatory mechanisms are integral to the myriad PTP-mediated biochemical events and reinforce the concept that PTPs are indispensable and specific modulators of cellular signaling. We also discuss how disruption of these PTP regulatory mechanisms can cause human diseases and how these diverse regulatory mechanisms can be exploited for novel therapeutic development.
Modeling the Data Warehouse Refreshment Process as a Workflow Application. (1999)

This article is a position paper on the nature of the data warehouse refreshment which is often defined as a view maintenance problem or as a loading process. We will show that the refreshment process is more complex than the view maintenance problem, and different from the loading process. We conceptually define the refreshment process as a workflow whose activities depend on the available products for data extraction, cleaning and integration, and whose coordination events depend on the application domain and on the required quality in terms of data freshness. Implementation of this process is clearly distinguished from its conceptual modelling. 1.
Regiospecific linear assembly of Pd nanocubes for hydrogen gas sensing (2011)

Capillary force lithography was applied to generate large area polymer patterns. A "grafting to" approach was used on the patterns to induce linear assembly of Pd nanocubes through electrostatic interaction. Pd nanoarrays with high density were subjected to a hydrogen gas sensing test. We demonstrated a feasible method to build up a miniature hydrogen sensor using self-assembly with micrometre Pd nanoarrays.
Ground Level Deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks: Experiments, Evaluation and Engineering Insight (2019)

In this paper, we are interested in characterizing the link properties of a wireless sensor network with nodes deployed at ground level. Such a deployment is fairly common in practice, e.g., when monitoring the vehicular traffic on a road segment or the status of infrastructures such as bridges, tunnels or dams. However, the behavior of off-the-shelf wireless sensor nodes in these settings is not yet completely understood. Through a thorough experimentation campaign, we evaluated not only the impact of the ground proximity on the wireless links, but also the impact of some parameters such as the packet payload, the communication channel frequency and the topography of the deployment area. Our results show that a ground-level deployment has a significant negative impact on the link quality, while parameters such as the packet size produce unexpected consequences. This allows us to parameter classical theoretical models in order to fit a ground-level deployment scenario. Finally, based on the lessons learned in our field tests, we discuss some considerations that must be taken into account during the design of communication protocols and before the sensor deployment in order to improve network performance.
LPV decoupling and input shaping for control of diesel engines (2010)

The paper presents the results of application of linear parameter varying (LPV) decoupling control and a prefilter to improve the tracking performance in the air path of Diesel engines modeled as a quasi-LPV system. The proposed decoupling method benefits the multi-variable control of multiinput multi-output (MIMO) systems with variable operating conditions, variable parameters and nonlinear behavior. The results of this paper illustrate the reduced variability and performance enhancement of the two inputs (EGR valve effective area and VGT effective area) and two outputs (boost pressure and mass air flow) dynamic system of the air path of Diesel engines, where there is a significant coupling in the system dynamics. The proposed design method combines a prefilter (used to shape the reference input) with the LPV feedback control (based on an LPV decoupling method) proposed here to achieve the reference tracking with desired transient performance specifications. The prefilter is designed based on the closed-loop dynamics resulting from the LPV design, and a systematic input shaping prefilter design process is developed. The designed prefilter successfully extends the closed-loop bandwidth. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the input shaping prefilter. Moreover, the designed prefilter is structurally simple and computationally efficient.
Tree coding of image subbands (1992)

The authors consider the encoding of image subbands with a tree code that is asymptotically optimal for Gaussian sources and the mean squared error (MSE) distortion measure. They first prove that optimal encoding of ideally filtered subbands of a Gaussian image source achieves the rate distortion bound for the MSE distortion measure. The optimal rate and distortion allocation among the subbands is a by-product of this proof. A bound is derived which shows that subband coding is closer than full-band coding to the rate distortion bound for a finite length sequence. The tree codes are then applied to encode the image subbands, both nonadaptively and adaptively. Since the tree codes are stochastic and the search of the code tree is selective, a relatively few reproduction symbols may have an associated squared error a hundred times larger than the target for the subband. Correcting these symbols through a postcoding procedure improves the signal-to-noise ratio and visual quality significantly, with a marginal increase in total rate.
A novel nanoscale delivery system for spatio-temporal delivery of combination chemotherapy (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D. in Biomedical Engineering)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2009.
CodeQueries: A Dataset of Semantic Queries over Code (2022)

Developers often have questions about semantic aspects of code they are working on, e.g., "Is there a class whose parent classes declare a conflicting attribute?". Answering them requires understanding code semantics such as attributes and inheritance relation of classes. An answer to such a question should identify code spans constituting the answer (e.g., the declaration of the subclass) as well as supporting facts (e.g., the definitions of the conflicting attributes). The existing work on question-answering over code has considered yes/no questions or method-level context. We contribute a labeled dataset, called CodeQueries, of semantic queries over Python code. Compared to the existing datasets, in CodeQueries, the queries are about code semantics, the context is file level and the answers are code spans. We curate the dataset based on queries supported by a widely-used static analysis tool, CodeQL, and include both positive and negative examples, and queries requiring single-hop and multi-hop reasoning. To assess the value of our dataset, we evaluate baseline neural approaches. We study a large language model (GPT3.5-Turbo) in zero-shot and few-shot settings on a subset of CodeQueries. We also evaluate a BERT style model (CuBERT) with fine-tuning. We find that these models achieve limited success on CodeQueries. CodeQueries is thus a challenging dataset to test the ability of neural models, to understand code semantics, in the extractive question-answering setting.
Silver-Doped Apatite as a Bioactive and an Antimicrobial Bone Material (2011)

Phase-pure nanostructured silver-doped hydroxyapatite (nAgHA) of various Ag contents was synthesised. These nAgHA were then evaluated in-vitro using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). Results revealed that hMSCs grew generally well on all nAgHA at all time points. In addition, fewer E. coli were seen attaching on the surface of all nAgHA. Hence, this work demonstrated that nAgHA offers considerable potential as a biomaterial.
Formation Mechanism of the Secondary Building Unit in a Chromium Terephthalate Metal–Organic Framework (2014)

A detailed mechanism, based on density functional theory calculations and simulation, is presented outlining the formation of the secondary building unit (SBU) of MIL-101, a chromium terephthalate metal organic framework (MOF). Formation of the metal core and of the SBU is key to MOF nucleation, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis process of many MOFs. A series of reactions that lead to the formation of the SBU of MIL-101 is proposed in this work. The highest barrier (∼35 kcal/mol) involves the formation of a dimetal-linker intermediate and high to low spin transition as a third Cr-linker moiety joins to form a three metal-linker group joined by a central oxygen. The terephthalate linkers play an important, key mechanistic role with the carboxylates first joining chromium atoms prior to the formation of bridging oxygens. Subsequent to metal core formation, stepwise linker addition reactions generate different assembly pathways due to structural isomers that are limited by the removal of water molecules in the first chromium coordination shell. A simple kinetic model based on transition state theory gave a rate of SBU formation similar to a reported rate of MOF nucleation. The least energy path was identified with all linkers on the same face of the metal center added first. These first steps in developing a modeling framework for SBU formation will hopefully lay the groundwork for future comprehensive predictive models of the full MOF framework structure assembly and synthesis conditions required to support the self-assembly process.
Catalytic Processes of Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Br<sub>2</sub> or HBr. Mechanism and Synthetic Applications (1998)

The mechanism and the synthetic applications for the oxidation of alcohols, ethers, and aldehydes by H2O2 catalyzed by Br2 or Br- in a liquid two-phase system (aqueous and organic) are reported. Aliphatic and benzylic primary alcohols and ethers show an opposite behavior, which has been rationalized on the ground of the different electronic configurations of the intermediate alkyl (π-type) and acyl (σ-type) radicals and their influence on enthalpic and polar effects. A two-phase system is particularly useful also for an efficient benzylic bromination by Br2 or Br-; the substitution of the benzyl bromide by OH, OR, and OCOR regenerates Br-, which can be recycled. The evaluation of the relative reactivities of the involved substrates and intermediates has allowed to develop a variety of simple, facile, convenient, and selective syntheses of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and benzyl bromides, which fulfill the conditions for practical applications.
Vector transform-based OFDM (2006)

In this paper we propose a new type of a system for multicarrier modulation. The modulation and demodulation in the proposed system are performed by an inverse and forward vector transforms. The properties of the vector transform allow fast vector transform algorithms to be derived in a manner similar to the FFT Real-valued vector transforms are also possible. Appropriate vector transforms are designed. Simulation results are presented, which show that in multipath channels compared with conventional OFDM systems the proposed vector-transform-based system achieves lower bit error rate.
Calcium intake and prostate cancer among African Americans: Effect modification by vitamin D receptor calcium absorption genotype (2011)

High dietary intake of calcium has been classified as a probable cause of prostate cancer, although the mechanism underlying the association between dietary calcium and prostate cancer risk is unclear. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a key regulator of calcium absorption. In the small intestine, VDR expression is regulated by the CDX-2 transcription factor, which binds a polymorphic site in the VDR gene promoter. We examined VDR Cdx2 genotype and calcium intake, assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, in 533 African-American prostate cancer cases (256 with advanced stage at diagnosis, 277 with localized stage) and 250 African-American controls who participated in the California Collaborative Prostate Cancer Study. We examined the effects of genotype, calcium intake, and diet-gene interactions by conditional logistic regression. Compared with men in the lowest quartile of calcium intake, men in the highest quartile had an approximately twofold increased risk of localized and advanced prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.40, 3.46), with a significant dose-response. Poor absorbers of calcium (VDR Cdx2 GG genotype) had a significantly lower risk of advanced prostate cancer (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.90). The gene-calcium interaction was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Among men with calcium intake below the median (680 mg/day), carriers of the G allele had an approximately 50% decreased risk compared with men with the AA genotype. These findings suggest a link between prostate cancer risk and high intestinal absorption of calcium.
Development of near‐infrared firefly luciferin analogue reacted with wild‐type and mutant luciferases (2020)

Interestingly, only the D-form of firefly luciferin produces light by luciferin-luciferase (L-L) reaction. Certain firefly luciferin analogues with modified structures maintain bioluminescence (BL) activity; however, all L-form luciferin analogues show no BL activity. To this date, our group has developed luciferin analogues with moderate BL activity that produce light of various wavelengths. For in vivo bioluminescence imaging, one of the important factors for detection sensitivity is tissue permeability of the number of photons emitted by L-L reaction, and the wavelengths of light in the near-infrared (NIR) range (700-900 nm) are most appropriate for the purpose. Some NIR luciferin analogues by us had performance for in vivo experiments to make it possible to detect photons from deep target tissues in mice with high sensitivity, whereas only a few of them can produce NIR light by the L-L reactions with wild-type luciferase and/or mutant luciferase. Based on the structure-activity relationships, we designed and synthesized here a luciferin analogue with the 5-allyl-6-dimethylamino-2-naphthylethenyl moiety. This analogue exhibited NIR BL emissions with wild-type luciferase (λ<sub>max</sub> = 705 nm) and mutant luciferase AlaLuc (λ<sub>max</sub> = 655 nm).
Dielectric Response and Structural Analysis of (A3+, Nb5+) Cosubstituted CaCu3Ti4O12 Ceramics (A: Al and Bi) (2020)

CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4-x</sub>((A<sub>0.05</sub>Nb<sub>0.05</sub>))<sub>x</sub>O<sub>12</sub> ceramics (A: Al and Bi; x = 0, 0.3) were synthesized by high-energy mechanical ball milling and reactive sintering at 1050 °C in air. Rietveld refinement of XRD data revealed the pure and (Al<sup>3+</sup>, Nb<sup>5+</sup>) cosubstituted ceramics contained a minor CuO secondary phase with a mole fraction of about 3.2% and 6.9%, respectively, along with a CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (CCTO)-like cubic structure. In addition, (Bi<sup>3+</sup>, Nb<sup>5+</sup>) cosubstituted ceramics had a pyrochlore (Ca<sub>2</sub>(Ti, Nb)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) secondary phase of about 18%. While the (Al<sup>3+</sup>, Nb<sup>5+</sup>) cosubstituted CCTO showed the highest relative permittivity (ε' = 3.9 × 10<sup>4</sup>), pure CCTO showed the lowest dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.023) at 1 kHz and 300 K. Impedance-spectroscopy (IS) measurements showed an electrically heterogeneous structure for the studied ceramics, where a semiconducting grain was surrounded by highly resistive grain boundary. The giant relative permittivity of the ceramics was attributed to the Maxwell-Wagner polarization effect at the blocking grain boundaries and domain boundaries. The higher tanδ of the cosubstituted samples was correlated with their lower grain boundary's resistivity, as confirmed by IS analysis. Modulus-spectrum analysis revealed two relaxation processes for the pure and (Bi<sup>3+</sup>, Nb<sup>5+</sup>) cosubstituted CCTO samples. Dissimilar behavior was observed for the (Al<sup>3+</sup>, Nb<sup>5+</sup>) cosubstituted CCTO, where three relaxation mechanisms were observed and attributed to the grain, domain-boundary, and grain-boundary responses.
Development of Non-contact Profile Sensor for 3-D Free-form Surfaces (3rd Report) (1995)

This paper describes development of a new non-contact 3-D profile sensor which is not influenced very much by inclination angles and edge profiles of 3-D free form surfaces. The proposed 3-D profile sensor called “optical ring image sensor” has two major advantages. First, reflection light from a target surface in optical axis can be detected in all directions using a ring slit. Second, the radius of optical ring image is linearly proportional to the displacement of the surface in optical axis. In this paper, a prototype of optical ring image 3-D profile sensor with unique properties mentioned above is designed and produced. From onmachine measurement using NC machine tool as well as fundamental experiments, this sensor makes it possible to measure the displacement within an accuracy of about ±7μm for the steeply inclined diffuse reflection surface up to ±80° and also about ±10μm even for a nearly specular reflection surface inclined up to ±70°. Therefore, it will be a very useful sensor for 3-D profile measurements of delicated shaped surfaces.
Virginia Woolf and Age-Old Feminism (2018)

This chapter examines the relationship between post-feminism, human capital management (HCM) and human resource management (HRM) discourses and practices, which presuppose that the historical goals of feminism (e.g. gender equality, justice) are now finally being met. The chapter uses Virginia Woolf’s feminist and historical writings to investigate the historical foundations of contemporary HRM and HCM discourses and practices of performance, development and change. It is argued that these discourses and practices are structured upon powerful historical beliefs and assumptions which presuppose and necessitate gender inequality and discrimination in the contemporary market and consumer-driven neo-liberal workplace. The chapter finds that contemporary post-feminist HRM and HCM discourses and practices perpetuate the reproduction of gender inequality and injustice in the workplace and beyond. It is concluded that feminism remains an unresolved yet relevant age-old workplace issue both in terms of time (e.g. history) and embodied female experience (e.g. age). The overriding implication arising from this chapter is that for genuine radical historical change to happen, management representatives such as HR practitioners at all levels must become reflexive towards first—the bias and normality of their own practice; second—all of the activities and policies, structures and systems that HR sponsors and delivers in the name of gender inequality and justice.