gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Klinik und Diagnostik bei Männern mit leichtem 3β-Hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase-Mangel (2008)

3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) deficiency was demonstrated in six males, aged between 18 and 24 years, who had gynaecomastia, hypogonadism or infertility. The predominant laboratory finding was a striking elevation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels. The diagnosis of HSD deficiency was confirmed by finding a marked rise in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 17-hydroxypregnenolone levels. In contrast to these findings in late-onset enzyme deficiency, in four males with the classical form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency the only sign was a reduction in adult height. The prevalence of late-onset HSD deficiency in men is not known and may be more relevant in patients with gynaecomastia or abnormal gonadal function than has hitherto been realized.
Common source inductance introduced self-turn-on in MOSFET turn-off transient (2017)

While fast switching brings many benefits, it also presents unwanted ringing during switching transient. In this paper, an increasing magnitude ringing phenomenon is observed during the MOSFET turn-off transient. The unusual phenomenon is replicated in simulation and it is found the MOSFET channel is turned on again after it is turned off. The major cause to this unexpected turn on is found to be common source inductance and a moderate 3 nH one in simulation replicates the severe self-turn-on ringing observed in experiment. This paper reveals the detrimental effect of common source inductance in fast switching. Therefore, Kelvin source connection in circuit and package design is strongly recommended.
Characterization of Conserved and Nonconserved Imprinted Genes in Swine1 (2009)

To increase our understanding of imprinted genes in swine, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of this gene family using two complementary approaches: expression and phenotypic profiling of parthenogenetic fetuses, and analysis of imprinting by pyrosequencing. The parthenote placenta and fetus were smaller than those of controls but had no obvious morphological differences at Day 28 of gestation. By Day 30, however, the parthenote placentas had decreased chorioallantoic folding, decreased chorionic ruggae, and reduction of fetal-maternal interface surface in comparison with stage-matched control fetuses. Using Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip microarrays and/or semiquantitative PCR, brain, fibroblast, liver, and placenta of Day 30 fetuses were profiled, and 25 imprinted genes were identified as differentially expressed in at least one of the four tissue types: AMPD3, CDKN1C, COPG2, DHCR7, DIRAS3, IGF2 (isoform specific), IGF2AS, IGF2R, MEG3, MEST, NAP1L5, NDN, NNAT, OSBPL1A, PEG3, APEG3, PEG10, PLAGL1, PON2, PPP1R9A, SGCE, SLC38A4, SNORD107, SNRPN, and TFPI2. For DIRAS3, PLAGL1, SGCE, and SLC38A4, tissue-specific differences were detected. In addition, we examined the imprinting status of candidate genes by quantitative allelic pyrosequencing. Samples were collected from Day 30 pregnancies generated from reciprocal crosses of Meishan and White Composite breeds, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in candidate genes. Imprinting was confirmed for DIRAS3, DLK1, H19, IGF2AS, NNAT, MEST, PEG10, PHLDA2, PLAGL1, SGCE, and SNORD107. We also found no evidence of imprinting in ASB4, ASCL2, CD81, COMMD1, DCN, DLX5, and H13. Combined, these results represent the most comprehensive survey of imprinted genes in swine to date.
Is there a relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and antiretroviral-associated lipoatrophy? (2000)

Much attention has been paid to the lipodystrophic syndrome observed in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment [1]. Antiretroviral drugs probably play a crucial role in its pathogenesis: in addition to a possible interference of protease inhibitors with lipid metabolism [2], it has been hypothesized that the mitochondrial toxicity of nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitors could also be involved [3], possibly leading to a preferential lipoatrophic phenotype [4]. Host factors such as age, sex, duration of HIV infection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stage of HIV infection, the evolution of CD4 cell level on treatment have also been suggested to influence the onset and the clinical presentation of this condition [4,5], but the role of viral coinfections has not been studied. It has been well established that hepatitis C virus (HCV) interferes with lipid metabolism, as shown by the interaction of core protein with lipoproteins (ApoAII) [6] and the frequent association with steatosis. Moreover, it has recently been suggested that HCV can also induce mitochondrial alterations in the liver of chronically infected patients [7]. For these reasons, we examined the potential association of HCV infection with lipodystrophy. A cohort of 226 HIV-1-infected patients was investigated for the existence of lipodystrophy and HCV infection. Lipodystrophic syndromes were classified clinically into pure lipoatrophy, pure truncal adiposity and mixed form. Risk factors for HIV infection were blood exposure (n = 43) (haemophilia, intravenous drug use, transfusion), sexual exposure (n = 180), and unknown (n = 3). Forty-seven patients out of 226 (20.7%) were identified as lipodystrophic: 13 out of 47 (27.6%) had pure lipoatrophy and 34 (72.4%), who were analysed together, had either pure adiposity (n = 6) or a mixed syndrome (n = 28). HCV infection was as frequent in lipodystrophic as in non-lipodystrophic patients (respectively: 11/47, 23.4% and 35/179, 19.6%, NS). Importantly, HCV infection was significantly more frequent in lipoatrophic patients than in patients with adiposity or a mixed syndrome and than in patients without lipodystrophy (46.2% versus 14.7 and 19.6%, respectively, P < 0.03). These preliminary results suggest that HCV infection may be associated with the atrophic form of lipodystrophy, in conjunction with the length of nucleoside analogue and protease inhibitor exposure [5]. Caution should be exercised in interpreting these results because HCV co-infection can be acquired through blood transmission: as a matter of fact, blood exposure to HIV was more frequent in lipoatrophic patients compared with patients without lipodystrophy (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, considering the high rate of HCV–HIV co-infection, these results need to be confirmed in larger studies using multivariate analysis. In addition, this observation bears potential future implications for the use of nucleoside analogues in HCV infection therapy. Hervé Zylberbergac Bertrand Nalpasa Stanislas Pola Christian Bréchota Jean-Paul Viardb
Emulsification of crude oil by an alkane-oxidizing<i>Rhodococcus</i>species isolated from seawater (1998)

A Rhodococcus species, the best of 99 oil-emulsifying bacteria isolated from globally distributed seawater samples, was characterized. The bacterium produced very stable oil-in-water emulsions from different crude oils with various contents of aliphatic and aromatic compounds by utilizing the C 11 to C 33 n-alkanes as carbon and energy sources. The presence of alkanes induced the formation of a hydrophobic cell surface that permitted oil-associated exponential growth and where an extensive emulsification of the residual oil and accumulation of acidic oxidation products occurred. The acidic products were consumed in a second step characterized by linear growth and an increasing number of cells growing in the water phase. Adhesion of cells resulted in some stabilization of oil droplets, but the most extensive emulsification occurred at the end of the exponential phase and coincided with an increasing number of cells in the water phase. No surfactant could be detected in the water phase during exponential growth, but a polymeric compound with emulsifying activity, tightly bound to the oil droplets, could be isolated. This suggests that the emulsification was caused by the release of the hydrophobic cell surface discarded by the cells during conditions of growth limitations.Key words: Rhodococcus,emulsification, adhesion, n-alkanes, hydrophobicity.
Body Temperature and Reproductive Performance of Beef Heifers Supplemented With Rumen-Protected Methionine (2020)

This study aimed to assess the reproductive performance and body temperature of beef heifers supplemented with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in an extensive grazing system and mated during the summer. One hundred 5/8 Angus 3/8 Brahman heifers were homogeneously divided into the control group (n=48, CG) supplemented with mineral salt ad libitum and methionine group (n=52, MG) who received the same supplementation plus 4 g of methionine per 100 g of mineral salt. The groups were fixed-time artificial inseminated (FTAI) 45 days after starting the supplementation. On day 0 of the FTAI protocol, ten animals per group received data-logger thermometers attached in progesterone implants recording the body temperature of the animals every 30 minutes. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 30 and 60 after the artificial insemination to determine the rates of conception, pregnancy, and pregnancy loss. At the beginning of the supplementation, both groups had similar weights (MG was 304.6 kg and CG 304.4 kg), while on days 0 and 30 about the FTAI protocol, the MG was higher weight (365.9 vs. 346.7 and 384.8 vs. 371.5 Kg). During the FTAI protocol, the MG had lower body temperatures (38.77 vs. 38.99 °C) and a tendency to have larger dominant follicles than the CG (11.76 mm x 10.8 mm). Although it did not impact reproductive performance, the observed higher weight, dominant follicle sizes, and lower body temperatures during FTAI protocols show the potential benefits of methionine supplementation in beef heifers mated during the summer.
Impact of Early Viral Kinetics on T-Cell Reactivity during Antiviral Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B (2007)

Early viraemia clearance facilitates recovery of virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity, but appears insufficient to establish clinically relevant antiviral immunity.
Selective Chemical Pumping of Electronic States and Formation and Deactivation Processes in Electronic Transition Chemically Pumped Lasers. (1978)

Abstract : A variety of high temperature techniques are applied to the study of visible chemiluminescent phenomena over the pressure range .000001 to 100 torr in order to assess the applicability of several reaction systems for the development of visible Chemicals lasers. Efforts have focused on selective formation of excited electronic states, the nature of electronic state interactions and the behavior of these states over a wide pressure range. In studying chemiluminescent spectra, efforts have concentrated on the determination of activation energies for excited state formation, the determination of excited state quantum yields, the determination of approximate radiative lifetimes for long-lived states, the assessment of rapid energy transfer routes among excited electronic states and the analysis of collisional quenching. Promising systems have been and are being explored in an exploding wire laser system. (Author)
Pathogenic mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities (2021)

Herein we trace links between biochemical pathways, pathogenesis, and metabolic diseases to set the stage for new therapeutic advances. Cellular and acellular microorganisms including bacteria and viruses are primary pathogenic drivers that cause disease. Missing from this statement are subcellular compartments, importantly mitochondria, which can be pathogenic by themselves, also serving as key metabolic disease intermediaries. The breakdown of food molecules provides chemical energy to power cellular processes, with mitochondria as powerhouses and ATP as the principal energy carrying molecule. Most animal cell ATP is produced by mitochondrial synthase; its central role in metabolism has been known for >80 years. Metabolic disorders involving many organ systems are prevalent in all age groups. Progressive pathogenic mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of genetic mitochondrial diseases, the most common phenotypic expression of inherited metabolic disorders. Confluent genetic, metabolic, and mitochondrial axes surface in diabetes, heart failure, neurodegenerative disease, and even in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.
Defective Fc-mediated phagocytosis in C3H/HeJ macrophages. II. Correction by cAMP agonists. (1981)

Peritoneal macrophages from LPS hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice lose the capacity to bind and phagocytose opsonized sheep erythrocytes (EA) over a 48-hr culture period. This loss in Fc receptor capacity is markedly different from the progressive increase in phagocytic ability exhibited by cultured macrophages derived from LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mice. Since dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (DBcAMP) has previously been reported to modulate membrane receptor expression in lymphocytes and certain macrophage-like cell lines, we examined its effects on EA binding and phagocytosis by C3H/HeJ macrophages. DBcAMP not only reverses the binding defect in C3H/HeJ macrophages but also restores EA phagocytosis to the level of control C3H/HeN cultures. 8-Bromo-cAMP, as well as other agents known to elevate intracellular cAMP (i.e., isoproterenol plus isobutylmethylxanthine or prostaglandin E2) also corrected the phagocytic defect. Since the C3H/HeJ macrophage phagocytic defect can also be reversed by in vitro stimulation with a lymphokine-rich culture supernatant, we examined the effect of this treatment on intracellular cAMP levels. Lymphokine treatment produced a 60% increase in the levels of macrophage intracellular cAMP. These findings suggest that the C3H/HeJ differentiation defect may be secondary to some abnormality in a cAMP dependent pathway.
Beyond reactive intelligence (2000)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Investigating the role of modularity, Robots with an internal dynamics, Emergence of “complex” behaviors, Conclusions
Evaluation of Technology Concepts for Traffic data Management and Relevant audio for Datalink in Commercial Airline Flight Decks (2019)

Datalink is currently operational for departure clearances and in oceanic environments and is currently being tested in high altitude domestic enroute airspace. Interaction with even simple datalink clearances may create more workload for flight crews than the voice system they replace if not carefully designed. Datalink may also introduce additional complexity for flight crews with hundreds of uplink messages now defined for use. Finally, flight crews may lose airspace awareness and operationally relevant information that they normally pickup from Air Traffic Control (ATC) voice communications with other aircraft (i.e., "party-line" transmissions). Once again, automation may be poised to increase workload on the flight deck for incremental benefit. Datalink implementation to support future air traffic management concepts needs to be carefully considered, understanding human communication norms and especially, the change from voice- to text-based communications modality and its effect on pilot workload and situation awareness. Increasingly autonomous systems, where autonomy is designed to support human-autonomy teaming, may be suited to solve these issues. NASA is conducting research and development of increasingly autonomous systems, utilizing machine-learning algorithms seamlessly integrated with humans whereby task performance of the combined system is significantly greater than the individual components. Increasingly autonomous systems offer the potential for significantly improved levels of performance and safety that are superior to either human or automation alone. Two increasingly autonomous systems concepts - a traffic data manager and a conversational co-pilot -were developed to intelligently address the datalink issues in a complex, future state environment with significant levels of traffic. The system was tested for suitability of datalink usage for terminal airspace. The traffic data manager allowed for automated declutter of the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) display. The system determined relevant traffic for display based on machine learning algorithms trained by experienced human pilot behaviors. The conversational co-pilot provided relevant audio air traffic control messages based on context and proximity to ownship. Both systems made use of the connected aircraft concepts to provide intelligent context to determine relevancy above and beyond proximity to ownship. A human-in-the-loop test was conducted in NASA Langley Research Center's Integration Flight Deck B-737-800 simulator to evaluate the traffic data manager and the conversational co-pilot. Twelve airline crews flew various normal and non-normal procedures and their actions and performance were recorded in response to the procedural events. This paper details the flight crew performance and evaluation during the events.
Supplementary Figures S1-S6, Figure Legends, and Table Legends from Blocking Genomic Instability Prevents Acquired Resistance to MAPK Inhibitor Therapy in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Associations of CGRs and ecDNAs with ploidy, expression, and enhancers. Supplementary Figure S2. Analysis of chromothripsis, ecDNAs, and CGRs in MAPKi-sensitive/-naïve versus -resistant melanoma. Supplementary Figure S3. Inferring double-stranded DNA break repair pathways underlying ecDNA and CGR breakpoint junctions. Supplementary Figure S4. Single-agent inhibitory potencies in human melanoma, PDAC, and NSCLC clonogenic growth assays. Supplementary Figure S5. DNA-PKi and/or PARPi co-treatment prevents acquired MAPKi-resistance in human melanoma cell lines. Supplementary Figure S6. In vivo impacts of DNA-PKi when combined with MAPKi.&lt;/p&gt;
Electron Beam Lithography on Irregular Surface Using Grafted PMMA Monolayer as Resist (2016)

An electron beam resist is usually coated by conventional coating methods such as spin‐coating, which cannot be reliably applied on irregular surfaces. Here, it is demonstrated that a monolayer resist can be grafted on nonflat surface to enable nanofabrication on it. As a proof‐of‐concept of patterning on irregular surfaces, poly(methyl methacrylate) (contains 1.6% methacrylic acid that has the carboxyl group needed for grafting) is chosen and is grafted on irregular surfaces by thermal treatment which induces a chemical reaction of the carboxyl group with the hydroxyl group on substrate. Subsequently, nanostructures are patterned by electron beam lithography on this monolayer resist grafted on nonflat surface such as atomic force mocroscopy (AFM) cantilevers, and then the patterns are transferred to the layer underneath. A high resolution of 30 nm line width is achieved using this monolayer resist. Nanofabrication on irregular surfaces may have applications in the fields of tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for chemical analysis and lab‐on‐fiber technology for sensor applications.
Effects of thiol capping agents on the laser-induced deposition of gold nanoparticles. (2002)

ドデカンチオール (DT) で表面修飾した金ナノ粒子 (DTAu) と, DTAuの表面DTの一部を1,6-ヘキサンジチオール (HD) で置換した金ナノ粒子 (HDAu) を調製し, ガラス基板へのレーザー誘起固定化現象を比較検討した. 金コロイドのシクロヘキサン溶液にカバーガラスを浸漬し, パルスNd : YAGレーザーの2倍波を照射することでガラス表面に金ナノ粒子を固定した. 固定領域の吸収スペクトル測定と, 固定された粒子を王水で溶解してICP-MS法で濃度を測定することにより, 固定化を追跡した. DTAuの固定化には2分以上のレーザー光照射が必要であるのに対し, HDAuの場合は1分のレーザー光照射で約3μgの固定化が起こり, HDによる部分置換が固定化を促進することが明らかになった. 更にHDAuを用いた場合に固定される粒子の平均粒径は, DTAuの場合と比較して著しく増大していることが分かった.
<i>n</i>→ π* Interaction and<i>n</i>)(π Pauli Repulsion Are Antagonistic for Protein Stability (2010)

In many common protein secondary structures, such as alpha-, 3(10), and polyproline II helices, an n --> pi* interaction places the adjacent backbone amide carbonyl groups in close proximity to each other. This interaction, which is reminiscent of the Burgi-Dunitz trajectory, involves delocalization of the lone pairs (n) of the oxygen (O(i-1)) of a peptide bond over the antibonding orbital (pi*) of C(i)=O(i) of the subsequent peptide bond. Such a proximal arrangement of the amide carbonyl groups should be opposed by the Pauli repulsion between the lone pairs (n) of O(i-1) and the bonding orbital (pi) of C(i)=O(i). We explored the conformational effects of this Pauli repulsion by employing common peptidomimetics, wherein the n --> pi* interaction is attenuated while the Pauli repulsion is retained. Our results indicate that this Pauli repulsion prevents the attainment of such proximal arrangement of the carbonyl groups in the absence of the n --> pi* interaction. This finding indicates that the poor mimicry of the amide bond by many peptidomimetics stems from their inability to partake in the n --> pi* interaction and emphasizes the quantum-mechanical nature of the interaction between adjacent amide carbonyl groups in proteins.
Enantioselective synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids: phenylethylisoquinoline and aporphine alkaloids (1987)

A new and improved procedure for the preparation of (R)-2-alkoxycarbonyl-1-formyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolines has been developed beginning from D-(−)-tartaric acid. The utility of these aldehydes in the asymmetric synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids of high enantiomeric purity has been extended to the synthesis of phenylethylisoquinolines, which have been further transformed in straightforward steps into the homoprotoberberine and homoaporphine ring systems. In this manner, (S)-homolaudanosine, (S)-5′-methoxyhomolaudanosine, (S)-2,3,9,10,11-pentamethoxyhomoprotoberberine, and (S)-O-methylkreysigine have been synthesized. The conversion of (S)-laudanosine to (S)-glaucine, an aporphine alkaloid, has also been realized.
Short‐term control of diet affects cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury through modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial <scp>GSH</scp> (2022)

Obesity affects acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by various clinical settings, including transplantation and cisplatin-cancer therapy. However, the effect of short-term food intake change remains to be defined. Here, we investigated the effects of short-term high-fat diet intake and food restriction on cisplatin-induced AKI. Mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) for 11 days or were not fed for 40 hh (fasting), before cisplatin administration. Cisplatin-induced functional and structural damages to kidneys in both HFD- and LFD-fed mice, with greater damages in HFD-fed mice than LFD-fed mice. HFD decreased mitochondrial total glutathione (tGSH) level, along with increases in the plasma and kidney cholesterol levels. Cisplatin caused the increase of kidney cholesterol levels and oxidative stress, along with the decrease of mitochondrial tGSH levels. In addition, cisplatin-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of tubular cells in both HFD- and LFD-fed mice. An increase of Fis1 (mitochondria fission 1 protein), whereas a decrease of Opa1 (mitochondria fusion 1 protein) occurred by cisplatin. These cisplatin effects were greater in HFD-fed mice than in LFD-fed mice. Administration of mitochondria-specific antioxidant treatment during HFD feeding inhibited these cisplatin-induced changes. Fasting for 40 h also significantly reduced the cisplatin-induced changes mentioned above. These data demonstrate that short-term HFD intake worsens cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by the reduction of mitochondrial tGSH, resulting in increased cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. These data newly indicate that the control of calorie intake, even for a short period, affects kidney susceptibility to injury. Although most studies described the effects of a long-term high-fat diet on the kidneys, in this study, we found that even if a high-fat diet was consumed for a short-term, physiological changes and mitochondria tGSH decrease in the kidneys, and consequently increased cisplatin-nephrotoxic susceptibility. These data suggest the association of calorie intake with kidney susceptibility to cisplatin.