gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SoK: Plausibly Deniable Storage (2022)

Abstract Data privacy is critical in instilling trust and empowering the societal pacts of modern technology-driven democracies. Unfortunately it is under continuous attack by overreaching or outright oppressive governments, including some of the world’s oldest democracies. Increasingly-intrusive anti-encryption laws severely limit the ability of standard encryption to protect privacy. New defense mechanisms are needed. Plausible deniability (PD) is a powerful property, enabling users to hide the existence of sensitive information in a system under direct inspection by adversaries. Popular encrypted storage systems such as TrueCrypt and other research efforts have attempted to also provide plausible deniability. Unfortunately, these efforts have often operated under less well-defined assumptions and adversarial models. Careful analyses often uncover not only high overheads but also outright security compromise. Further, our understanding of adversaries, the underlying storage technologies, as well as the available plausible deniable solutions have evolved dramatically in the past two decades. The main goal of this work is to systematize this knowledge. It aims to: (1) identify key PD properties, requirements and approaches; (2) present a direly-needed unified framework for evaluating security and performance; (3) explore the challenges arising from the critical interplay between PD and modern system layered stacks; (4) propose a new “trace-oriented” PD paradigm, able to decouple security guarantees from the underlying systems and thus ensure a higher level of flexibility and security independent of the technology stack. This work is meant also as a trusted guide for system and security practitioners around the major challenges in understanding, designing and implementing plausible deniability into new or existing systems.
Wideband Beam-Switchable 28 GHz Quasi-Yagi Array for Mobile Devices (2019)

The goal of this paper is to propose a new antenna array architecture that aims to solve the most known limitations of phased antenna arrays, resulting a good candidate for next 5G mobile handsets. The architecture consists of five quasi-Yagi antennas printed on the short edge of a Roger RO3003 substrate, pointing in different directions, and a switch to feed each antenna and steer the beam. Simulations prove that the antenna array can cover the angle of over 180° with high gain over the frequency range from 26 to 40 GHz. Alternative designs to make the structure more compact further demonstrate the validity of the concept. The optimized corner array of four elements is fabricated and passive and active measurements are performed with the Microwave Vision Group (MVG) Starlab 50 GHz. The results of the passive measurements are in accordance with the simulations and show that the proposed quasi-Yagi antenna array has large coverage over the whole bandwidth and peak gain of 8 dBi at 28 and 38 GHz. The active measurements of the array connected to the front end module (FEM) and integrated in the phone case further confirm the radiation properties of the switchable antenna array at 28 GHz in a quasi-real scenario.
Calendar Life Aging of Two Models of 18650 Lithium Ion Cells (2018)

This study will analyze calendar life aging performance of two 18650 lithium ion cell models deployed in human space flight applications. Test conditions of voltage and temperature were selected based on product application. The cell test campaign includes storage of a cell model produced in April 2007 and initial calendar life performance for a cell produced in December 2013. Mechanistic aging models will be considered. The results of this study are applicable to applications requiring extended low state of charge storage and low cycle life.
Effects of early myocardial reperfusion and perfusion on myocardial necrosis/dysfunction and inflammation in patients with ST-segment and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: results from the PLATelet inhibition and patients Outcomes (PLATO) trial (2022)

Successful restoration of epicardial blood flow in STEMI was associated with less myocardial necrosis/dysfunction and inflammation. Attainment of normal myocardial perfusion was associated with less myocardial dysfunction in NSTE-ACS.
Type 1 pili‐mediated adherence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain LF82 isolated from Crohn's disease is involved in bacterial invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (2001)

We previously characterized the invasive ability of Escherichia coli strain LF82, isolated from an ileal biopsy of a patient with Crohn's disease. In the present study, we performed TnphoA insertion mutagenesis to identify genes involved in LF82 invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. Most of the non-invasive mutants had an insertion mutation within the type 1 pili-encoding operon. Two non-invasive fim mutants, which harboured an insertion within the fimI and fimF genes, still adhered but had lost the ability to induce host cell membrane elongations at the sites of contact with the epithelial cells. Transcomplementation experiments with a fim operon cloned from E. coli K-12 restored both invasive ability and the ability to induce host cell membrane elongations. Expression of the cloned LF82 or K-12 fim operon into the non-invasive laboratory strain JM109 did not confer invasive properties. Thus, these findings showed that: (i) type 1 pili-mediated adherence is involved in LF82-induced perturbation of host cell signalling responsible for membrane elongations; (ii) native shafts are required for type 1 pilus-mediated induction of membrane elongations; (iii) this active phenomenon is a key step in the establishment of the invasive process; and (iv) type 1 pili alone are not sufficient to trigger bacterial internalization.
Neue Sensorentwicklungen - ein technischer Blick auf Pflanzen, Sensoren und Daten (2014)

Sensorsysteme stellen eine wesentliche Schlüsseltechnologie für den nachhaltigen Pflanzenbau dar, dies betriff die Verbindung ökonomischer und ökologischer Randbedingungen, Automatisierung, Ressourceneinsparung und die Integration von Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen. Die Gewinnung von Messdaten hoher Selektivität erfordert den intensiven Einsatz bildgebender Systeme zur Störgrößenreduktion, dabei stellen das Datenmanagement und die Entwicklung intelligenter Algorithmen zur Interpretation von Pflanzendaten aus den Sensorrohdaten wesentliche Aufgabengebiete dar. Die Zuordnung eines einzelnen Sensors zu einer einzelnen Bestandsgröße ergibt daher keinen Sinn, eine deutlichere Trennung der Rohdaten, deren Interpretation und die darauf folgende Entwicklung von Handlungsanweisungen sind erforderlich. Technologisch eröffnen sich durch neue Sensor- und Systemtechnologien - insbesondere in den Bereichen Sensor/Daten-Fusion und Simulationstechnik - vielversprechende Optionen zur Entwicklung praxistauglicher Lösungen.
Diode-pumped 1028 nm Ytterbium-doped fiber laser with near 90% slope efficiency (2010)

Highly efficient laser action from an Ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) is demonstrated using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in conjunction with a 4% Fresnel reflection at room temperature. The YDF used is drawn from Yb2O3-doped preform, fabricated through deposition of porous layer of composition SiO2-GeO2 by the MCVD process in conjunction with a solution doping technique. The fabricated YDF has a core composition of 0.2 wt % of Yb2O3, 1.8 wt % of Al2O3 and 23 wt % of GeO2 with a pump absorption of 9.0 dB/m. The fiber laser operates at wavelength of 1028 nm with a slope efficiency of 88% with respect to the launched 976 nm pump power using the YDF length of 7 m.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetically Amenable Amide Derivatives of Tosylated‐Amino Acids as Organocatalysts for Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes: Computational Rationale for Enantioselectivity. (2013)

Abstract A phenylalanine derived chiral amide is developed that serves as an effective organocatalyst for the reaction of allyltrichlorosilane with aryl, heteroaryl and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to afford the desired homoallylic alcohols in good yield and high enantioselectivity.
In vitro und in vivo Bildgebung des ErbB/Her2 Rezeptors (2017)

In vitro und in vivo Bildgebung des ErbB/Her2 Rezeptors mit Herceptin und den F(ab')2 und F(ab')- Fragmenten des Herceptins
Photonic crystal resonant tunneling filters using ultrahigh-Q locally-width-modulated line-defect cavity (2006)

Photonic crystal resonant tunneling filters have been demonstrated using ultrahigh-Q nanocavities (theoretical: 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> , experimental: 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> ) realized by the local width modulation of a line-defect. Channel drop operation of multi-port resonant tunneling filters is also demonstrated.
1SC-04 Mathematical analysis of dynamical robustness in biological networks(1SC Frontiers in mathematical methods in biology,Symposium,The 50th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2012)

We, human beings are living on eamh under IG through interactive communication back-and-fourth between natura] and anificiat environment. By acquiring large adaptability, namely 'flexibility" at celluLar level, we wilt survive super ageing society and extreme conditions such as natural disasters and climate changes wilhin controllable range.
SCUBE1 — A new scoop in vascular biology? (2006)

See article by Tu et al. [6] (pages 486–495) in this issue. 

Platelets represent an important link between inflammation, thrombosis, and vascular and tissue repair mechanisms. Once activated, platelets generate and release an arsenal of potent inflammatory, proliferative, and mitogenic substances into the local microenvironment of vascular lesions [1]. Thereby, platelets control and effect multiple mechanisms of cellular function involved in vascular and tissue repair.

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) superfamily is a group of growth factors, cytokine-like mediators, and extracellular matrix proteins. A new gene of an EGF-related protein was isolated 6 years ago in developing mice [2]. This new mammalian gene encodes a protein with a signal peptide at the amino-terminus followed by several EGF-like repeats and one CUB-domain at the carboxyl terminus. This gene family was termed SCUBE for s ignal-peptide- CUB - E GF-like domain-containing proteins. … 

* Corresponding authors. Tel.: +49 7071 29 83688; fax: +49 7071 29 5749. Email address: stephan.lindemann{at}med.uni-tuebingen.de meinrad.gawaz{at}med.uni-tuebingen.de
Direct conjugation with a zero length linker of fullerene C<sub>70</sub> to ZnO quantum dots for multicolor light-emitting diodes (2020)

Our work demonstrates whitish light-emitting diodes by fullerene induced multicolor emission from environmentally friendly ZnO-fullerene C<sub>70</sub> quantum dots that is synthesized by simple and facile chemical reaction with zero length linker.
Correction to “HIV-1 gp120 Antagonists Also Inhibit HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by Bridging the NNRTI and NRTI Sites” (2021)

status: Published
Thermal diffusivity of fluids by dynamic light scattering (2005)

The thermal diffusivity a is the transport property for which the development of dynamic light scattering (DLS) is probably most advanced and where measurements can be carried out routinely over a wide range of temperatures and pressures for the liquid phase and, due to the lower signal levels, in an extended vicinity of the critical point for the vapor phase. What makes the measurement of a particularly interesting is the fact that it is hardly possible by any other than light scattering techniques to measure this property directly, with a comparable accuracy, and in macroscopic thermodynamic equilibrium. Other methods access the thermal conductivity λ = a ρ cp, which is related to a by density ρ and isobaric heat capacity cp, and are subject to the use of macroscopic gradients. 2. Method When a fluid sample in macroscopic thermodynamic equilibrium is irradiated by coherent laser light, light scattered from the sample can be observed in all directions. The underlying scattering process is governed by microscopic fluctuations of temperature, pressure, and of species concentration in mixtures. The relaxations of these statistical fluctuations follow the same rules that are valid for the relaxation of macroscopic systems. Thus, the decay of temperature fluctuations is governed by a. In light scattering experiments the above-mentioned equalization processes result in a temporal modulation of the scattered light intensity. Information about these processes can be derived from a temporal analysis of the scattered light intensity using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). For a pure fluid under heterodyne conditions, where the scattering light is superimposed with stronger coherent reference light, the time-dependent intensity correlation function for the analysis of the temperature fluctuations is described by [1]
Management of Acute Flexor Tendon Injuries (2001)

Functional recovery from a flexor tendon injury, particularly in the sheathed portion of the hand, has proven a formidable challenge throughout the history of hand surgery. This review examines the history of tendon injury concepts, the basic science principles that led to modern advances, and the current trends in acute flexor tendon injury management.
The Pharmacogenomics of Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy (2015)

In this preliminary study of children with ALL, an inherited polymorphism in the promoter region of CEP72 was associated with increased risk and severity of vincristine-related peripheral neuropathy. If replicated in additional populations, this finding may provide a basis for safer dosing of this widely prescribed anticancer agent.
Delineation of viable tumor volume using FDG-PET validated with macroscopic sectioning of pathological specimens (2013)

1313 Objectives To accurately define viable tumor volume within the tumor with FDG -PET using a percentage of maximum tumor activity, and validate its accuracy with macroscopic coronal sections from animal tumor specimens. Methods Rat mammary tumor cells were allowed to grow in immumo-competent rats interscapularly. When a tumor reached 3-4 cm in diameter, 3-5 coronal sections were marked on the tumor surface, FDG injected, and PET images acquired for each rat. The rat was sacrificed on the imaging bed and transferred to -21° C freezer. The tumor9s anatomical orientation was maintained. The tumor was sectioned along the marking after 6 hours. Each cross section was digitalized with a flat panel color scanner, and co-registered to the corresponding PET slide. A spectrum of thresholds (15%-90% of the maximum tumor activity in 5% increments) were applied to the PET image, and compared to the viable tumor area outlined on the specimen cross section. Sensitivity was defined as the thresholded PET area covering viable tumor divided by the viable area of the entire tumor, and specificity as the non-viable area within the tumor that is not covered by thresholded PET divided by non-viable area of the entire tumor. Sensitivity, specificity and ROC curves were calculated for each cross section. Results A threshold of 50% of maximum tumor activity produced a mean sensitivity of 68.5%+/-11.5% and a mean specificity of 97.2%+/-3%. A lower percentage was required to reach higher sensitivity. A threshold of 20% produced a mean sensitivity of 99.1%+/-0.9% and a mean specificity of 69.1%+/-19.1%. A threshold of 25% produced a mean sensitivity of 97.6%+/-1.9%, and a mean specificity of 76.5%+/-17.4%. The mean area under the ROC curve was 0.97+/-0.03. Conclusions FDG-PET accurately reflects the heterogeneity of viability within tumor in animal model. 50% of maximum tumor activity covers about 2/3 of the viable tumor volume. In order to increase coverage to 95%, the delineation threshold should be lowered to 25%. Research Support T32 research training grant
Host pathways associated with human bacterial infections extend to commensal <i>Wolbachia-Drosophila</i> endosymbiosis (2022)

ABSTRACT Wolbachia bacteria are among the most successful endosymbionts in nature, carried by half of all insect species. Unlike human bacterial pathogens that kill host cells and tissues, Wolbachia endosymbionts are generally carried by insects with little adverse effect. The striking difference in outcome raises a basic question of what aspects of infection mechanisms are conserved across systems. In this study, 37 small molecule inhibitors were used to test whether 14 candidate host processes that affect the abundance of other intracellular bacteria also affect Wolbachia . Compounds that significantly affected the absolute abundance of the Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene in D. melanogaster were retested in D. simulans flies. 5 compounds that consistently increased wsp abundance in both systems were associated with the Imd pathway, Calcium signaling, Ras/mTOR signaling, and the Wnt pathway. By contrast, the only compound to suppress wsp abundance was a Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibitor. The implicated host processes were retested for impact on Wolbachia using constitutive and inducible RNAi expression systems in D. melanogaster . These tests corroborated a function for the host target of rapamycin ( tor ) and armadillo ( arm ) genes in affecting bodywide wsp abundance. Prior studies have reported that Ras/mTOR and Wnt pathways interact with ATG6 (Beclin-1), representing a possible convergence point for signaling impacts on Wolbachia . ATG6 disruption tests, driven by inducible RNAi expression, also elevated wsp abundance. This work suggests that combined effects of the Wnt pathway, Ras/mTOR signaling, and autophagy normally support Wolbachia containment, moderating the Wolbachia- host endosymbiosis. IMPORTANCE Disease-related microbes have been intensively studied as a model for infection. An intrinsic complication of such studies is bacterial induction of cell stress and cell death. To expand our understanding of cellular infection mechanisms, we studied a bacterial endosymbiont of insects, called Wolbachia , that does not kill the cells it infects. We asked whether cellular processes involved in pathogen infection are also associated with Wolbachia infections. Chemical and genetic tests were used to investigate cellular effects on Wolbachia abundance within fruit flies. We identified a subset of cellular processes with robust, repeatable effects on Wolbachia infection: the Wnt pathway and the Ras/mTor pathway. The results also suggest that multiple cellular pathways act together, which collectively suppresses Wolbachia abundance in vivo. Active host containment may explain in part why Wolbachia is mostly regarded as a neutral endosymbiont, and not as a pathogen.
Evolutionary origin of autoreactive determinants (autogens) (variability/autoantigenicity/cytochrome c/lysozyme) (2016)

The question addressed in this report focuses on the autoantigenicity of self antigens, principally cytochrome c and lysozyme. Of interest is whether the immune system produces autoantibodies to its host proteins reacting randomly with all potential antigen sites or is autoreactively selective for certain determinants. Based on experimental evidence from autoantibodies against cytochromes c, Jemmerson and Margoliash (Jemmerson, R. & Margoliash, E. (1979) Nature (London) 282, 468-471) have described a striking correlation between autoreactive sequence regions and evolutionary insta- bility. While their analysis of evolutionary variation was based on simple sequence variability plots, we present here a refmed approach that takes into account the distinction between evolutionary substitutions that induce a change in the protein surface from those that do not (surface-neutral substitutions). A quantitative aspect of surface variation (surface consensus) is included in the algorithm that produces a ranked order for autoantigenic determinants. The fimal plot, called surface variability, indicates sequence regions having a preference for autoimmune reaction. We propose the term autogen to designate such protein determinants. Autoimmune disease is thought to result from an abnormal reaction of the immune system against self. The maintenance of self-tolerance is the result of complex immune regulatory mechanisms established by the immune network (1). The
Ultraclean Patterned Transfer of Single-Layer Graphene by Recyclable Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Films (2015)

We report an ultraclean, cost-effective, and easily scalable method of transferring and patterning large-area graphene using pressure sensitive adhesive films (PSAFs) at room temperature. This simple transfer is enabled by the difference in wettability and adhesion energy of graphene with respect to PSAF and a target substrate. The PSAF-transferred graphene is found to be free from residues and shows excellent charge carrier mobility as high as ∼17,700 cm(2)/V·s with less doping compared to the graphene transferred by thermal release tape (TRT) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as well as good uniformity over large areas. In addition, the sheet resistance of graphene transferred by recycled PSAF does not change considerably up to 4 times, which would be advantageous for more cost-effective and environmentally friendly production of large-area graphene films for practical applications.
A comprehensive method protocol for annotation and integrated functional understanding of lncRNAs (2019)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of fundamental biological importance; however, their functional role is often unclear or loosely defined as experimental characterization is challenging and bioinformatic methods are limited. We developed a novel integrated method protocol for the annotation and detailed functional characterization of lncRNAs within the genome. It combines annotation, normalization and gene expression with sequence-structure conservation, functional interactome and promoter analysis. Our protocol allows an analysis based on the tissue and biological context, and is powerful in functional characterization of experimental and clinical RNA-Seq datasets including existing lncRNAs. This is demonstrated on the uncharacterized lncRNA GATA6-AS1 in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Changes in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and population immunity in Finland, 2020–2022 (2023)

1. Abstract Studying the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies (seroprevalence) allows assessing the impact of epidemic containment measures and vaccinations, as well as estimation of the number of infections regardless of viral testing. We assessed antibody-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by infections and vaccinations from April 2020 to December 2022 in Finland by measuring serum IgG to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N-IgG) and spike glycoprotein from randomly selected 18-85-year-old subjects (n=9794). N-IgG seroprevalence remained at &lt;7% until the last quartile (Q) of 2021. After the emergence of the omicron variant, N-IgG seroprevalence increased rapidly and was 31% in Q1/2022 and 54% in Q4/2022. Seroprevalence was highest in youngest age groups from Q2/2022 onwards. We estimated that 51% of the Finnish 18-85-year-old population had antibody-mediated hybrid immunity induced by a combination of vaccinations and infections by the end of 2022. In conclusion, major shifts in the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting population immunity could be observed by serological testing.