gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Information Spaces with VxInsight (2000)

VxInsight provides a visual mechanism for browsing, exploring and retrieving information from a database. The graphical display conveys information about the relationship between objects in several ways and on multiple scales. In this way, individual objects are always observed within a larger context. For example, consider a database consisting of a set of scientific papers. Imagine that the papers have been organized in a two dimensional geometry so that related papers are located close to each other. Now construct a landscape where the altitude reflects the local density of papers. Papers on physics will form a mountain range, and a different range will stand over the biological papers. In between will be research reports from biophysics and other bridging disciplines. Now, imagine exploring these mountains. If we zoom in closer, the physics mountains will resolve into a set of sub-disciplines. Eventually, by zooming in far enough, the individual papers become visible. By pointing and clicking you can learn more about papers of interest or retrieve their full text. Although physical proximity conveys a great deal of information about the relationship between documents, you can also see which papers reference which others, by drawing lines between the citing and cited papers. For even more information, you can choose to highlight papers by a particular researcher or a particular institution, or show the accumulation of papers through time, watching some disciplines explode and other stagnate. VxInsight is a general purpose tool, which enables this kind of interaction with wide variety of relational data: documents, patents, web pages, and financial transactions are just a few examples. The tool allows users to interactively browse, explore and retrieve information from the database in an intuitive way.
Consequences of Coffee Varieties on Life- History Traits of Toxoptera Aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (2018)

Coffee yields are primarily insects-limited. This study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of four common varieties which are under expansion in Rwanda. The influence of four coffee varieties BM71, BM139, Jacksson2/1257 and Pop3303/21 on life history parameters of Toxoptera aurantii was studied in a controlled environment. The colony of T. aurantii was reared on varieties of coffee in the laboratory at 22 ± 1°C and photoperiod16-8h (L:D). The survivorship, the number of offspring in the F1 generation (∑lxmx), the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), the finite rate of increase (λ) and the mean generation time (T) on each coffee variety were compared with host plant susceptibility. Results showed that there was a significant difference among coffee varieties for F1 generation (∑lxmx). The population reared on BM139 had the highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm = 0.354 individuals per day) and population doubling time (t2) was 2.00 days while the population reared on BM71 had intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was 0.237 and predicted time to double the population (t2) was 2.92 days.Variety BM71 was less susceptible to T. aurantii while Jackson2/1257 was the most susceptible variety. Other varieties were moderately susceptible. Variety BM71 could prove useful in the development of an integrated pest management program for T. aurantii.
Solubility of propane and ethane in liquid oxygen. (2008)

The industry is large a consumer of air gases for many and varied applications. Among the various processes of separation of air components, the most employed remains fractional distillation at low temperatures. The presence of pollutants - like hydrocarbons - in the feed atmospheric air of air distillation units (ASU) can be at the origin of drastic dysfunctions. That is the reason why a more accurate knowledge of the solubility of hydrocarbons in liquid oxygen and of the thermodynamic behaviour of these flammable systems under process operating conditions (from 93 to 153 K) would improve both evaluation and control of the risks specific to ASU and their performances.
Effects of donepezil 23 mg on Severe Impairment Battery domains in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease: evaluating the impact of baseline severity (2013)

These results suggest that donepezil 23 mg/day provides benefits over 10 mg/day across a range of cognitive domains. The magnitude of benefit and domains impacted varied depending on the stage of AD; significant benefits with higher dose donepezil were most apparent at more advanced stages of AD and were most prominent in the language domain.
Referenceless PRF shift thermometry (2004)

The proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift provides a means of measuring temperature changes during minimally invasive thermotherapy. However, conventional PRF thermometry relies on the subtraction of baseline images, which makes it sensitive to tissue motion and frequency drift during the course of treatment. In this study, a new method is presented that eliminates these problems by estimating the background phase from each acquired image phase. In this referenceless method, a polynomial is fit to the background phase outside the heated region in a weighted least-squares fit. Extrapolation of the polynomial to the heated region serves as the background phase estimate, which is then subtracted from the actual phase. The referenceless method is demonstrated on a phantom during laser heating, 0 degrees temperature rise images of in vivo human liver, interstitial laser ablation of porcine liver, and transurethral ultrasound ablation of canine prostate. A good correlation between temperature maps reconstructed with the referenceless and subtraction methods was found.
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT KINEMATICS AND KINETICS FOR THREE COORDINATE SYSTEM REPRESENTATIONS DURING WHEELCHAIR PROPULSION1 (1999)

The shoulder plays a very important role during manual wheelchair propulsion. Unfortunately, substantial numbers of manual wheelchair users eventually develop shoulder injury or pain. Recently, studies have begun to investigate the etiology of wheelchair user shoulder injuries. This study compared three coordinate systems used to represent the shoulder during wheelchair propulsion. Our results show statistically significant differences between the three shoulder representations analyzed. Differences are seen for individuals and for the subjects as a group. Based upon our results, the fixed-z model appears preferable over the other representations due to its simplicity, low hardware requirements, and the similarity of the results to the free representation. This article also provides some insight into maximal shoulder joint forces and moments recorded during manual wheelchair propulsion. Future work should include more sophisticated models of the shoulder complex.
Gonorrhea (GC) and Chlamydia (CT) Infection in a Large, Well-Characterized Military Cohort: Prevalence, Incidence, Site of Infection, and Patient Characteristics (2017)

Abstract Background In the US military, routine extra-genital (EG) GC/CT testing in persons living with HIV was implemented in 2012. This study examines the prevalence/incidence and risk factors associated with genital (GU) and EG GC/CT infections in the US Military HIV Natural History Study (NHS), a cohort of HIV-infected Department of Defense beneficiaries. Methods Since 2012, willing NHS subjects have undergone nucleic acid-based tests (NAAT) to identify anorectal (AR)/ pharyngeal (PH) GC/CT infections. Incident cases had a positive test following an initial negative test. Risk factors for incident GC/CT infections were assessed with a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 405 GC and 457 CT infections were observed among 1998 subjects (median age 28.7 years, 94% male, 44.1% African-American [AA]); 21% of GC and 18% of CT cases were re-infections. The incidence of AR GC, PH GC, and AR CT increased over time (P = 0.02, P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Incident GC infections were associated with younger age [HR 0.61 per 5 year increase (0.57–0.66)], AA ethnicity [HR 1.46 (1.06–2.00)], higher viral load [HR 1.63 per log increase (1.47–1.80)] and a prior history of syphilis [HR 2.20 (1.62–2.99)]. Incident CT infections were associated with younger age [HR 0.7 per 5 year increase (0.66–0.74)], male gender [HR 5.82 (1.86–18.20)], higher viral load [HR 1.61 for each log increase (1.47–1.76)], lower CD4 count [HR 0.86 per 200 cell increase (0.79–0.95)], prior GC [HR 1.55 (1.15–2.08)] and prior syphilis [HR 2.16 (1.67–2.79)]. Conclusion Incident AR GC and CT infections are increasing in the NHS and approximately 20% of infections were repeat infections. The increased incidence is attributable at-least in part to the increased uptake of EG testing. Our study highlights the importance of prevention in positive programs to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains at Diagnosis: Predictors of Progression and Survival in Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone. (2005)

Abstract Background: Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP) is a localized collection of monoclonal plasma cells that is potentially curable with local radiation therapy but associated with a high risk of progression to multiple myeloma. We hypothesized that an abnormal immunoglobulin free light (FLC) ratio at diagnosis may be a prognostic indicator of transformation risk. Methods: We identified a cohort of 133 patients with SBP for whom stored serum taken at the time of diagnosis was available. The diagnosis was ascertained and serum FLC determined in 126 patients. Results: From this cohort, 48 patients have progressed to myeloma and the median time to progression among those who progressed was 1.9 years. On univariate analysis, age (p&amp;lt;0.001), gender (p=0.035), abnormal FLC ratio at diagnosis (p=0.009) and persistence of serum or urine M-protein after therapy (p=0.0070 were all associated with a shorter overall survival (OS) and time to progression to multiple myeloma. Progression by Normal FLC(0.26–1.65) Progression by Normal FLC(0.26–1.65) On multivariate analysis, an abnormal FLC ratio retained its independence in a model that includes age at diagnosis but lost its significance when combined with persistence of the serum or urine M-protein. However, serum or urine M-proteins are not detectable in a significant number of patients with SBP and therefore not informative. Conclusion: The FLC ratio at the time of diagnosis of SBP is a powerful predictor of risk and a useful aid to management of patients with this condition.
The optimal shape of roots (2010)

Roots provide plants with mechanical stability and pure water. Wind and gravitational forces on plants are spread out by the roots over a large volume of soil. In a similar manner, roots absorb pure water and nutrients from moist soil. These processes are mathematically similar and have similar optimal solutions, unless the soil is inhomogeneous -i.e. if one part is wetter, whereas another part provides more of a grip for the roots to hold onto. A root system with a given weight has an optimized shape if it quickly produces large amounts of clean water at a low energy cost. By understanding the optimized shape of roots we may be able to exploit this natural structure to improve water desalination systems.
Atomistic simulation of the deformation of nanocrystalline palladium: the effect of voids (2014)

Art. 025011, 15 S.
Fluorescence Hyperspectral Imaging for Early Diagnosis of Heat-Stressed Ginseng Plants (2022)

Ginseng is a perennial herbaceous plant that has been widely consumed for medicinal and dietary purposes since ancient times. Ginseng plants require shade and cool temperatures for better growth; climate warming and rising heat waves have a negative impact on the plants’ productivity and yield quality. Since Republic of Korea’s temperature is increasing beyond normal expectations and is seriously threatening ginseng plants, an early-stage non-destructive diagnosis of stressed ginseng plants is essential before symptomatic manifestation to produce high-quality ginseng roots. This study demonstrated the potential of fluorescence hyperspectral imaging to achieve the early high-throughput detection and prediction of chlorophyll composition in four varieties of heat-stressed ginseng plants: Chunpoong, Jakyeong, Sunil, and Sunmyoung. Hyperspectral imaging data of 80 plants from these four varieties (temperature-sensitive and temperature-resistant) were acquired before and after exposing the plants to heat stress. Additionally, a SPAD-502 meter was used for the non-destructive measurement of the greenness level. In accordance, the mean spectral data of each leaf were extracted from the region of interest (ROI). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the discrimination of heat-stressed plants, which was performed with 96% accuracy. Accordingly, the extracted spectral data were used to develop a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model combined with multiple preprocessing techniques for predicting greenness composition in ginseng plants that significantly correlates with chlorophyll concentration. The results obtained from PLSR analysis demonstrated higher determination coefficients of R2val = 0.90, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.59%. Furthermore, five proposed bands (683 nm, 688 nm, 703 nm, 731 nm, and 745 nm) by stepwise regression (SR) were developed into a PLSR model, and the model coefficients were used to create a greenness-level concentration in images that showed differences between the control and heat-stressed plants for all varieties.
Quantized embeddings: an efficient and universal nearest neighbor method for cloud-based image retrieval (2013)

We propose a rate-efficient, feature-agnostic approach for encoding image features for cloud-based nearest neighbor search. We extract quantized random projections of the image features under consideration, transmit these to the cloud server, and perform matching in the space of the quantized projections. The advantage of this approach is that, once the underlying feature extraction algorithm is chosen for maximum discriminability and retrieval performance (e.g., SIFT, or eigen-features), the random projections guarantee a rate-efficient representation and fast server-based matching with negligible loss in accuracy. Using the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma, we show that pair-wise distances between the underlying feature vectors are preserved in the corresponding quantized embeddings. We report experimental results of image retrieval on two image databases with different feature spaces; one using SIFT features and one using face features extracted using a variant of the Viola-Jones face recognition algorithm. For both feature spaces, quantized embeddings enable accurate image retrieval combined with improved bit-rate efficiency and speed of matching, when compared with the underlying feature spaces.
Ohmic Contacts on N-Face n-Type GaN After Low Temperature Annealing (2013)

The electrical properties of different metal systems for ohmic contacts on the nitrogen-face of c-plane n-type GaN substrates are investigated. The metal contacts are compatible with the fabrication process and the packaging technology for group III-nitride laser diodes. The metal system Ti/Al/Mo/Ti/Ni/Au/Ti/Pt is determined as the best suitable, since it is ohmic already after annealing at a temperature of 450°C for 60 s. This annealing temperature is high enough to make the contact insensitive against later soldering on a heat-sink at 330°C. At the same time, the temperature is low enough that the Pd-based p-contact, previously annealed at 530°C, does not degrade. In addition, the Ti/W/Al and Pd/Ti/Al metal systems form low-resistance ohmic contacts, too, although they require a longer annealing time of several minutes or a higher temperature of 500°C.
Perspectives on the Potential Therapeutic Uses of Vesicles (2013)

Abstract non disponibile
Exploiting imperfections in the bulk to direct assembly of surface colloids (2013)

We exploit the long-ranged elastic fields inherent to confined nematic liquid crystals (LCs) to assemble colloidal particles trapped at the LC interface into reconfigurable structures with complex symmetries and packings. Spherical colloids with homeotropic anchoring trapped at the interface between air and the nematic LC 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl create quadrupolar distortions in the director field causing particles to repel and consequently form close-packed assemblies with a triangular habit. Here, we report on complex open structures organized via interactions with defects in the bulk. Specifically, by confining the nematic LC in an array of microposts with homeotropic anchoring conditions, we cause defect rings to form at well-defined locations in the bulk of the sample. These defects source elastic deformations that direct the assembly of the interfacially trapped colloids into ring-like assemblies, which recapitulate the defect geometry even when the microposts are completely immersed in the nematic. When the surface density of the colloids is high, they form a ring near the defect and a hexagonal lattice far from it. Because topographically complex substrates are easily fabricated and LC defects are readily reconfigured, this work lays the foundation for a versatile, robust mechanism to direct assembly dynamically over large areas by controlling surface anchoring and associated bulk defect structure.
Impact of Preoperative Echocardiograms on In-Hospital Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair and Their Clinical Appropriateness (2023)

Patients subjected to TTE before hip fracture surgery had a longer LOS and time to surgery, with higher mortality and intensive care unit up triage rates. TTE evaluations were typically conducted for inappropriate indications, which rarely made meaningful changes to patient management.
Transformation of 2<i>H</i>-1,2,3-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides variously substituted at the aromatic ring, via nucleophilic substitution and demethylation reactions (2020)

2H-1,2,3-Benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides are a class of compounds of pharmacological interest. After earlier studies carried out at our laboratory on various transformations (alkylation, acylation, and reduction) at the hetero ring, the present paper focuses on the transformation of substituents at the aromatic carbocycle, including nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms and demethylation of the methoxy group with amines. The new methods described here allow the introduction of versatile functional groups on the aromatic ring, making these compounds useful building blocks for organic and medicinal chemistry applications.
Studies of Collector Adsorption on Iron Oxides by in Situ ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy (2010)

In this work, the adsorption of three model collectors, viz., poly(ethylene glycol) monooleate (PEGMO), ethyl oleate, and maleic acid, as well as the commercial fatty-acid-type collector Atrac 1563, was studied in situ on synthetic hematite using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption behavior of the studied compounds on hematite was determined to a large extent by the polar headgroup. Adsorption of Atrac and PEGMO as a function of concentration showed good agreement with the Freundlich adsorption model, suggesting energetically heterogeneous adsorption. In situ desorption experiments revealed that a large fraction of the Atrac was weakly attached to the hematite surface, as it was partially removed by flushing with water at pH 8.5 and 10. These results suggest that a separate washing unit after the flotation step could be beneficial in reducing the contamination of iron ore by flotation chemicals.
Lunatic Fringe: A key regulator of notch ligand Dll4 mediated Th2 inflammation during viral exacerbation of allergic response. (175.4) (2012)

Abstract Children exposed to environmental cockroach allergen (CRA) have increased susceptibility to develop chronic pulmonary disorders such as asthma later in their life. Moreover when these children encounter a respiratory viral infection it exacerbates their existing condition. The clinical manifestations include increased mucus production and airway hyperreactivity and peribronchial Th2 inflammation, necessitating immediate hospitalization and frequent recurrent hospital visits. In the present study we examined respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) exacerbated allergic responses. Previous studies showed that notch is required for the development of Th2 responses. However the role of notch ligand-Delta like-4 (Dll4) in viral exacerbation is unknown. Here, using a clinically relevant mouse model of RSV exacerbation an abrogation of mucus production and Th2 responses when Dll4 is blocked was observed. Further, our results from CD4-T cell skewing assays suggest that Dll4 augments IL4 production in Th2 cells in an antigen specific manner. Interestingly, both in vitro and in vivo an existing Th2 environment increased lunatic fringe (L-FNG) expression, a glycosyltransferase that enhances Notch activation by ligands of the Delta-like family, in CD4 T cells. Using loss of function assays and an RNAi approach we show that Dll4 augmented IL4 production is L-FNG dependent. These studies highlight a novel regulatory mechanism involved in Dll4 mediated Th2 responses during viral exacerbation.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and Imaging Spectrometer Design (2021)

The <i>Journal of Applied Remote Sensing</i> (JARS) is an online journal that optimizes the communication of concepts, information, and progress within the remote sensing community to improve the societal benefit for monitoring and management of natural disasters, weather forecasting, agricultural and urban land-use planning, environmental quality monitoring, ecological restoration, and numerous other commercial and scientific applications.
A skeletal framework artificial hand actuated by pneumatic artificial muscles (1998)

"A skeletal framework artificial hand actuated by pneumatic artificial muscles." Advanced Robotics, 13(3), pp. 349–350