gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of a Genetic Screen Reveals an Inhibitor for Mitochondrial Protein Import Component Tim44 (2017)

Diverse protein import pathways into mitochondria use translocons on the outer membrane (TOM) and inner membrane (TIM). We adapted a genetic screen, based on Ura3 mistargeting from mitochondria to the cytosol, to identify small molecules that attenuated protein import. Small molecule mitochondrial import blockers of the Carla Koehler laboratory (MB)-10 inhibited import of substrates that require the TIM23 translocon. Mutational analysis coupled with molecular docking and molecular dynamics modeling revealed that MB-10 binds to a specific pocket in the C-terminal domain of Tim44 of the protein-associated motor (PAM) complex. This region was proposed to anchor Tim44 to the membrane, but biochemical studies with MB-10 show that this region is required for binding to the translocating precursor and binding to mtHsp70 in low ATP conditions. This study also supports a direct role for the PAM complex in the import of substrates that are laterally sorted to the inner membrane, as well as the mitochondrial matrix. Thus, MB-10 is the first small molecule modulator to attenuate PAM complex activity, likely through binding to the C-terminal region of Tim44.
A Low-Friction Variable-Valve-Actuation Device, Part I: Mechanism Description and Friction Measurements (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Variable valve actuation (VVA) has been recognized as a potential method to improve engine efficiency, low-end torque, high-end power, idle stability, and emissions. This paper presents a low-friction VVA device that can modulate the valve lift and timing, and potentially provide many of the benefits listed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In order for the VVA-related additional losses not to out-weigh the benefits, energy consumed in friction and activating the VVA mechanism must be comparable to the total energy consumed by friction in a conventional valvetrain. To confirm this point, hardware was built and installed on a General Motors L-4 cylinder head employing 4 valves per cylinder. The frictional-energy loss and the actuation torque for the mechanism were measured at different speeds and oil temperatures.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The dynamometer tests confirmed the simulation results that the mechanism consumes less frictional energy than a direct acting, non-roller type valvetrain. Measured torques for activating the mechanism and for maintaining its steady position were reasonable. The tests also verified that the mechanism does provide late valve opening, early valve closing, and reduced-maximum lift simultaneously.&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure 1 from Selective Killing of Cancer Cells by Suppression of Geminin Activity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Selective Killing of Cancer Cells by Suppression of Geminin Activity
ChemInform Abstract: Large Activation of Serine Proteases by Pretreatment with Crown Ethers. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
LOW-HEAD DRILLING AVOIDS DIFFERENTIAL STICKING AND REDUCES FORMATION DAMAGE (1997)

Differential sticking and formation damage were avoided in Germany`s Uelsen gas field by drilling with low-head drilling (LHD) fluids. Uelsen is operated by BEB Erdgas and Erdoel GmbH in Germany and is being converted into an underground gas storage (UGS) facility. It is located northwest of Nordhorn near the Netherlands border. Four storage wells were drilled and completed using the LHD technique in the depleted Bunter sandstone reservoir. A gradient of 0.6 bar/10 m was achieved using an aerated mud system. This was the first time this type of system was used in Germany. The paper describes low-head drilling, the mud systems, LHD management, fit-for-purpose procedures, drilling costs, operational experience, completion criteria, and future applications.
Ab-Initio-Based Kinetic Modeling to Understand RAFT Exchange: The Case of 2-Cyano-2-Propyl Dodecyl Trithiocarbonate and Styrene (2018)

Ab-initio-calculated rate coefﬁcients for addition and fragmentation in rever-sible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene with 2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate initiated by azobisisobutyroni-trile allow the reliable simulation of the experimentally observed conversion, number average chain length, and dispersity. The rate coefﬁcient for addition of a macroradical Ri to the macroRAFT agent RiX at 333 K (6.8 104 L mol−1 s−1) is signiﬁcantly lower than to the initial RAFT agent R0X (3.2 106 L mol−1 s−1), mainly due to a difference in activation energy (15.4 vs 3.0 kJ mol−1), which causes the dispersity to spike in the beginning of the polymerization.
DC3: A learning method for optimization with hard constraints (2021)

Large optimization problems with hard constraints arise in many settings, yet classical solvers are often prohibitively slow, motivating the use of deep networks as cheap "approximate solvers." Unfortunately, naive deep learning approaches typically cannot enforce the hard constraints of such problems, leading to infeasible solutions. In this work, we present Deep Constraint Completion and Correction (DC3), an algorithm to address this challenge. Specifically, this method enforces feasibility via a differentiable procedure, which implicitly completes partial solutions to satisfy equality constraints and unrolls gradient-based corrections to satisfy inequality constraints. We demonstrate the effectiveness of DC3 in both synthetic optimization tasks and the real-world setting of AC optimal power flow, where hard constraints encode the physics of the electrical grid. In both cases, DC3 achieves near-optimal objective values while preserving feasibility.
Suppression of endurance degradation by utilizing oxygen plasma treatment in HfO2 resistive switching memory (2015)

Based on the phenomenon of endurance degradation problem caused by no sufficient oxygen ions for resistive switching, we use the oxygen plasma treatment in HfO2 layer to increase the extra available oxygen ions in resistive random access memory devices. To avoid the Ti top electrode directly absorbing the additional oxygen ions from HfO2 layer with oxygen plasma treatment, a thin HfO2 film is inserted to separate them. Therefore, the endurance degradation can be suppressed in the present structure. High speed (30 ns) and large endurance cycles (up to 1010 cycles) are achieved in this device structure for next generation nonvolatile memory application.
Zero-Shot Reinforcement Learning on Graphs for Autonomous Exploration Under Uncertainty (2021)

This paper studies the problem of autonomous exploration under localization uncertainty for a mobile robot with 3D range sensing. We present a framework for self-learning a high-performance exploration policy in a single simulation environment, and transferring it to other environments, which may be physical or virtual. Recent work in transfer learning achieves encouraging performance by domain adaptation and domain randomization to expose an agent to scenarios that fill the inherent gaps in sim2sim and sim2real approaches. However, it is inefficient to train an agent in environments with randomized conditions to learn the important features of its current state. An agent can use domain knowledge provided by human experts to learn efficiently. We propose a novel approach that uses graph neural networks in conjunction with deep reinforcement learning, enabling decision-making over graphs containing relevant exploration information provided by human experts to predict a robot's optimal sensing action in belief space. The policy, which is trained only in a single simulation environment, offers a real-time, scalable, and transferable decision-making strategy, resulting in zero-shot transfer to other simulation environments and even real-world environments.
Towards mental time travel: a hierarchical memory for reinforcement learning agents (2021)

Reinforcement learning agents often forget details of the past, especially after delays or distractor tasks. Agents with common memory architectures struggle to recall and integrate across multiple timesteps of a past event, or even to recall the details of a single timestep that is followed by distractor tasks. To address these limitations, we propose a Hierarchical Chunk Attention Memory (HCAM), which helps agents to remember the past in detail. HCAM stores memories by dividing the past into chunks, and recalls by first performing high-level attention over coarse summaries of the chunks, and then performing detailed attention within only the most relevant chunks. An agent with HCAM can therefore "mentally time-travel" -- remember past events in detail without attending to all intervening events. We show that agents with HCAM substantially outperform agents with other memory architectures at tasks requiring long-term recall, retention, or reasoning over memory. These include recalling where an object is hidden in a 3D environment, rapidly learning to navigate efficiently in a new neighborhood, and rapidly learning and retaining new object names. Agents with HCAM can extrapolate to task sequences much longer than they were trained on, and can even generalize zero-shot from a meta-learning setting to maintaining knowledge across episodes. HCAM improves agent sample efficiency, generalization, and generality (by solving tasks that previously required specialized architectures). Our work is a step towards agents that can learn, interact, and adapt in complex and temporally-extended environments.
Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgeries for Colorectal Diseases: Early Experiences of a Novel Surgical Method (2012)

Objectives. This paper aims to analyze the feasibility and safety of single-incision laparoscopic colectomy (SILC) and its potential benefits. Methods. Systematic review was performed for the years 1983-August 2011 to retrieve all relevant literature. A total of 21 studies with 477 patients undergoing SILC were selected. Results. Range of operative times and estimated blood losses were 75-229 min and 0-100 mL, respectively. Overall conversion rate was 5.9% (28/477) and an additional laparoscopic port was used in 4.9% (16/329) cases. Range of lymph node number for malignant cases was 12-24.6 and surgical margins were all negative. Overall mortality and morbidity rate was 0.4% (2/477) and 11.7% (43/368), respectively. The length of hospital stay (LOS) varied across reports (2.7-9.2 days). Among 6 case-matched studies, one showed less blood loss in SILC as compared to LAC and 2 showed shorter LOS after SILC versus HALC or LAC/HALC groups. In addition, one study reported maximum pain score on postoperative days 1 and 2 was lower in SILS compared to LAC and HALC. Conclusions. SILC procedure is feasible and safe when performed by surgeons highly skilled in laparoscopy. In spite of technical difficulties, there may be potential benefits associated with SILC over LAC/HALC.
<scp>LGR6</scp> marks nephron progenitor cells (2021)

Given the profound early mesenchymal expression and MET signature of LGR6<sup>+</sup> cells, together with the lineage tracing of mesenchymal LGR6<sup>+</sup> cells, we conclude that LGR6+ cells contribute to all nephrogenic segments by undergoing MET. LGR6+ cells can therefore be considered an early committed NPC population during embryonic and postnatal nephrogenesis with potential regenerative capability.
Opportunistic unsynchronized cognitive radio networks (2010)

In this presentation, a new wireless communication scheme “adaptation-to-environment type baseband radio” which realizes a software radio and/or cognitive radio concept is proposed, and a fundamental experiment is performed to confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme. The baseband radio discussed here means the scheme which generates a radio wave directly by baseband digital signal processing. Although the transmission scheme proposed as an example is similar to OFDM modulation, a major difference is to radiate the baseband signal directly from an antenna as a real number signal without carrying out an up conversion to radio frequencies. A preliminary experiment for transmitting QPSK and 16QAM signals is carried out. The results show that very flexible error-free transmission can be realized based on the proposed baseband radio.
Geosynchronous Network Grid Addressing for Integrated Space-Terrestrial Networks (2020)

The launch of the StarLink Project has recently stimulated a new wave of research on integrating Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks with the terrestrial Internet infrastructure. In this context, one distinct technical challenge to be tackled is the frequent topology change caused by the constellation behaviour of LEO satellites. Frequent change of the peering IP connection between the space and terrestrial Autonomous Systems (ASes) inevitably disrupts the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing stability at the network boundaries which can be further propagated into the internal routing infrastructures within ASes. To tackle this problem, we introduce the Geosynchronous Network Grid Addressing (GNGA) scheme by decoupling IP addresses from physical network elements such as a LEO satellite. Specifically, according to the density of LEO satellites on the orbits, the IP addresses are allocated to a number of stationary "grids" in the sky and dynamically bound to the interfaces of the specific satellites moving into the grids along time. Such a scheme allows static peering connection between a terrestrial BGP speaker and a fixed external BGP (e-BGP) peer in the space, and hence is able to circumvent the exposure of routing disruptions to the legacy terrestrial ASes. This work-in-progress specifically addresses a number of fundamental technical issues pertaining to the design of the GNGA scheme.
Synthesis of thioamide containing polybenzoxazines by the Willgerodt–Kindler reaction (2020)

Benzoxazines with thioamide linkages were successfully prepared by the Willgerodt–Kindler route.
Supplementary Data from Oncogenic HSP90 Facilitates Metabolic Alterations in Aggressive B-cell Lymphomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Speaker and language factorization in DNN-based TTS synthesis (2016)

We have successfully proposed to use multi-speaker modelling in DNN-based TTS synthesis for improved voice quality with limited available data from a speaker. In this paper, we propose a new speaker and language factorized DNN, where speaker-specific layers are used for multi-speaker modelling, and shared layers and language-specific layers are employed for multi-language, linguistic feature transformation. Experimental results on a speech corpus of multiple speakers in both Mandarin and English show that the proposed factorized DNN can not only achieve a similar voice quality as that of a multi-speaker DNN, but also perform polyglot synthesis with a monolingual speaker's voice.
Dual exploration architectures for breaking the decades-long cycles of planetary science (2016)

The Dual Exploration Architecture is a mission concept that combines remote sensing and in-situ observations into a single mission to answer planetary science questions that can only be answered with both types of data. Adoption of dual exploration architectures may short circuit the long, slow cycle of missions to inaccessible bodies by eliminating the need for separate precursor and follow-up missions. Additionally, the dual architecture possesses inherent flexibility that enables the design of adaptive, event-driven missions. Five key observations about the state and trends of planetary science exploration lead us to the dual architecture: increasing complexity of observations, scarcity of future missions, desire to capture transitory events, continued miniaturization of components, and the Mars exploration cycle. A study of the planetary science the decadal survey reveals broad applicability of dual missions to solve mysteries that cannot be answered with a traditional mission architecture. These missions fall into three classes: choosing a local target from a global survey, dynamic/reactive science, and global in-situ networks. These mission classes further reveal four technology development needs that must be addressed for dual missions: passive landers, guided atmospheric probes, robust sensing packages, and small, precise orbital instruments. This study pursues a specific focus on two examples of such technologies: the ChipSat and cold atom gravimetry. Using these technologies, we study an example dual architecture mission to both characterize and sample the subsurface oceans at Europa. The identification of regions with thin ice precedes the selection of surface targets and dispatching of probes to those targets.
Advanced Light Trapping of High-Efficiency Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells (2012)

Kaneka has been proposing and developing the "advanced super-light trapping (ASLT)" structure for thin film silicon solar cells, which incorporates tailored light confinement structures in tandem thin film silicon solar cells to selectively enhance light trapping in top and bottom subcells. In this paper, we present the results of the development of intermediate reflectors with very low refractive index and the design and implementation of nanoimprinted substrates. We demonstrate that significant current gains are possible by reducing the refractive index of the interlayer beyond state-of-the-art values. In addition, we show that the transparent conductive oxide angular scattering properties correlate with the solar cell performance in the infrared part of the spectrum.
Aminorifamycins and Sporalactams Produced in Culture by a Micromonospora sp. Isolated from a Northeastern-Pacific Marine Sediment Are Potent Antibiotics (2017)

The new ansa macrolide antibiotics 1 to 4 have been isolated from cultures of a Micromonospora sp. obtained from a marine sediment. Rifamycins 1 and 2 are the first natural ansa macrolides to have a 3-amino substituent. Sporalactams A (3) and B (4) are comprised of a heterocylic core 5 and a 14-membered ansa bridge that are both unprecedented. Sporalactam B (4) shows selective and potent inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Supplementary Table S2 from Selective Inhibition of SIN3 Corepressor with Avermectins as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2. List of genes with expression regulated by selamectin treatment&lt;/p&gt;
Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Gasification for Sewage Sludge in Microwave (2016)

A characteristics of microwave drying-gasification was analyzed for converting a dewatered sewage sludge generated a wastewater treatment plant. Gas (60%) was the largest component of the product of microwave gasification, followed by sludge char (33%) and tar (2%). The main components of the producer gas were hydrogen (33%) and carbon monoxide (40%), and there was some methane and hydrocarbons (<TEX>$C_2H_4$</TEX>, <TEX>$C_2H_6$</TEX>, <TEX>$C_3H_8$</TEX>). Larger nitrogen and smaller oxygen amounts were generated. Gravimetric tar generated <TEX>$414g/m^3$</TEX>. This means a total tar which is a heavy hydrocarbons from the volatile organic substance in the sewage sludge. Selected light tars were benzene, anthracene, naphthalene, pyrene, showing lower concentrations as 2.62, 0.37, 0.49, <TEX>$0.28g/m^3$</TEX>, respectively. Sludge char has larger meso pores which is a mean pore size of <TEX>$50.85{\AA}$</TEX> and has high adsorptivity. An amount of adsorption was <TEX>$228.71cm^3/g$</TEX>, showing higher quantity than acommercial adsorbers. This indicates that the gas obtained from the microwave gasification of wet sewage sludge can be used as fuel, but the heavy tar in the gas must be treated. Sludge char can be used as a tar reduction adsorbent in the process, and then burns as a solid fuel.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Induced Apoptosis in Peritoneal Macrophages Independent of Fas and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Receptor Signaling (1999)

Freshly isolated macrophages from mature mice are poorly or nonpermissive for infections with HSV. However, despite lack of significant viral replication, HSV infection has been demonstrated to induce substantial cell death among macrophages. To determine if HSV-induced cytotoxicity of macrophages is due to apoptosis, peritoneal macrophages were obtained from C57BL/6 (B6) mice, and apoptosis was analyzed following HSV-2 infection in vitro. Macrophages underwent apoptosis upon HSV-2 infection indicated by annexin V staining, labeling of DNA strand breaks and electronmicroscopy. Apoptosis was associated with macrophage activation demonstrated by upregulation of MHC class II and Mac-1 surface expression. Though there was also an upregulation of Fas (Apo-1/CD95) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor 1 (TNF-R1) pathways, inhibition of Fas by soluble Fas and blocking of TNF-alpha using a TNF-binding protein did not prevent HSV-induced apoptosis. Moreover, apoptosis was not impaired in HSV-2 infected macrophages from Fas-deficient B6-lpr/lpr mice suggesting involvement of other apoptosis pathways, or activation of Fas or TNF-R pathways downstream of the receptor level. The present results demonstrate that HSV-2 infection leads to activation and subsequent apoptosis in peritoneal macrophages independent of Fas or TNF-R1 signaling.
Positive Electrode Performance of Nonflammable Lithium Secondary Battery with Ambient-Temperature Molten Salt Electrolyte (2005)

The positive electrode performance of the LiCoO2 electrode in the LiCl saturated AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methylimizadolium chloride (EMIC) + SOCl2 melt as the electrolyte for nonflammable lithium secondary batteries was evaluated. In the cyclic voltammogram of the LiCoO2 electrode in the melt, the oxidation and reduction waves corresponding to the electrochemical intercalation / deintercalation reactions of Li+ were observed at 3.5~4.2 V vs. Li+/Li, and it suggested that the LiCoO2 electrode operated well in this melt. From charge and discharge evaluations, it was known that the discharge capacity was about 130 mAh g-1 and the coulomb efficiency was maintained of more than 93% during ten cycles. It became clear that the LiCoO2 electrode operates quite as a positive electrode in the melt.
Mutual information-based stereo matching combined with SIFT descriptor in log-chromaticity color space (2009)

Radiometric variations between input images can seriously degrade the performance of stereo matching algorithms. In this situation, mutual information is a very popular and powerful measure which can find any global relationship of intensities between two input images taken from unknown sources. The mutual information-based method, however, is still ambiguous or erroneous as regards local radiometric variations, since it only accounts for global variation between images, and does not contain spatial information properly. In this paper, we present a new method based on mutual information combined with SIFT descriptor to find correspondence for images which undergo local as well as global radiometric variations. We transform the input color images to log-chromaticity color space from which a linear relationship can be established. To incorporate spatial information in mutual information, we utilize the SIFT descriptor which includes near pixel gradient histogram to construct a joint probability in log-chromaticity color space. By combining the mutual information as an appearance measure and the SIFT descriptor as a geometric measure, we devise a robust and accurate stereo system. Experimental results show that our method is superior to the state-of-the art algorithms including conventional mutual information-based methods and window correlation methods under various radiometric changes.