gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low temperature sintering of .ALPHA.-cordierite ceramics with low thermal expansion using Li2O-Bi2O3 as a sintering additive (2011)

Low temperature sintering of α-cordierite ceramics with low coefficient of thermal expansion was attained using Li2O–Bi2O3 sintering additive. High purity α-cordierite could be synthesized at 1270°C using high purity and fine amorphous silica, α-alumina and magnesium oxide powder mixture via the solid state reaction route. The mixture was calcined at 1240°C, pulverized, compacted, and at first sintered without sintering additive. High density and outstanding characteristics cordierite ceramics was obtained. However, sintering temperature reached 1430°C, which was extremely high. By adding 3 mass % of the additive, the sintering temperature could be lowered from 1430 to 1050°C. Its relative density reached 97%, its flexural strength, however, decreased from 243 to 120 MPa. Its thermal expansion coefficient (from R.T. to 800°C) decreased slightly from 1.8 × 10−6/K to 1.6 × 10−6/K. Its dielectric constant increased slightly from 4.9 to 5.2 accompanied with considerable increase in loss tangent from 1.3 × 10−4 to 6.1 × 10−4 at 14 GHz, which were, however, low enough at this high frequency range. These results indicated that the addition of Li2O–Bi2O3 sintering additive had negligibly small effects on the properties of the sintered sample except mechanical properties and the loss tangent. These properties were found more excellent or at least comparable compared with the best properties previously reported and suitable for substrate materials on micro-electronic applications.
Experimental Verification of a New Mechanism for Dissociative Chemisorption: Atom Abstraction (1995)

ion of a F atom from incident ${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ by Si(100)- $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ is demonstrated by detection of the scattered, complementary F atom. He atom diffraction measurements are consistent with abstraction occurring at dangling bond sites. The low probability for single atom adsorption $({P}_{1}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)$ relative to the total adsorption probability $({P}_{t}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.96\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02)$ in the zero coverage limit indicates that the second F atom can also be trapped by the dangling bonds. Both the single and two atom adsorption probabilities decay to zero when the dangling bonds are saturated at 1 ML coverage. Atom abstraction represents a mechanism distinct from the classic one for dissociative chemisorption.
Infrared dielectric function of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-type<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Ge</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.98</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Sn</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.02</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>alloys (2009)

The dielectric function of heavily doped $p$-type ${\text{Ge}}_{0.98}{\text{Sn}}_{0.02}$ alloys was determined using infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry. The free holes contribute a Drude-like term to the dielectric response, from which the resistivity and carrier relaxation time can be determined. The transport parameters extracted from such optical experiments are similar to those found for pure Ge with comparable doping levels. Optical transitions between the split-off, light-hole, and heavy-hole bands contribute a second term to the dielectric function. The overall line shape of the dielectric function corresponding to these transitions shows differences between ${\text{Ge}}_{0.98}{\text{Sn}}_{0.02}$ and pure Ge. These differences may provide important clues to the valence-band electronic structure of ${\text{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\text{Sn}}_{y}$ alloys.
Supplementary Figure S4. Randomization of chemotherapy in CEA band-positive CRC cases. from Micrometastasis Volume in Lymph Nodes Determines Disease Recurrence Rate of Stage II Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Of CEA band-positive cases, 27 cases were randomly allocated and received post-operative chemotherapy using HCFU for one year, whereas 27 cases were randomly allocated to no treatment . There was no significant difference in 5-year DFS and 5-year OS between the two groups.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization and Modeling of Hysteresis for Magnetic Materials Used in EMI Filters of Power Converters (2013)

The magnetic material when designing EMI filter determines the inductance value and the parasitic elements that influence the insertion loss effectiveness of the filter. Moreover, the EMI filter characterization is usually realized at low power levels (low current and low voltage). When the EMI filter is subjected to higher currents through its coils, the principal characteristics of the filter (inductance variation with current and frequency) are modified. To account for these variations in the design step, it is useful to take into account the hysteresis model that represents the inductive and dissipative effects. Therefore, in this paper, an approach combining a magnetic hysteresis model together with a concept of material capacitance is proposed. The model is identified from a single turn of flat copper ribbon (STFC) experimental setup. Then, the experimental data are modeled with the proposed hysteretic and capacitive material behavior model (HCM) that is implemented in an equivalent circuit modeling approach, accounting for both the magnetic behavior law together with the “material capacitance.” The robustness of the proposed approach is evaluated by comparison and validation with the experiment results, showing good representation of the inductive and partially the dissipative effects.
Digital droplet ELOHA for nucleic acid molecule counting and analysis (2015)

We present a droplet digital Enzyme-Linked Oligonucleotide Hybridization Assay (droplet digital ELOHA) for reference-free absolute quantification of nucleic acids. Droplet digital ELOHA is able to accurately quantify as few as several hundred copies of nucleic acids in a large, mL-sized sample volume (equivalent to 1 aM or lower) without molecular replication. Droplet digital ELOHA provides a linear response to the number of copies present in a sample to allow for detecting a small fold change unattainable by real time quantitative PCR. Its capability to cope with a large sample volume benefits from the use of magnetic beads to streamline capturing of nucleic acids from the sample and subsequent surface hybridization reactions in droplets. Droplet digital ELOHA is particularly attractive for RNA quantification since it does not require reverse transcription. The absolute quantification ability of droplet digital ELOHA is demonstrated with the analysis of clinical Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 16S rRNA to show its potential diagnostic value.
Effect of two nonfumigant nematicides on corn grown in two adjacent fields infested with different nematodes. (1987)

The organo-phosphate experimental nematicide, O-ethyl S,S-di-sec-butyl phosphorodithioate (FMC 67825), provided yield increases of corn comparable to carbofuran. Both the emulsifiable concentrate and granular formulations of FMC 67825 were equally effective. The evaluations, duplicated in two adjacent fields, clearly demonstrated the importance of the type of plant pathogenic nematodes infesting the sites. Where Belonolaimus longicaudatus occurred, yield increases ranged from 73% to 80%, whereas in the adjacent field (without B. longicaudatus) yields increases ranged from - 14% to 28%.
QoS Enabled Multicast for Structured P2P Networks (2007)

In this paper we present a concept for providing QoS to multicast in structured P2P networks. We show on the example of Scribe / Pastry how to enforce QoS aware tree construction in a structured P2P network. We achieve this by modifying the ID assignment method of Pastry based on the QoS requirements of peers. As a result, the multicast tree holds the QoS (bandwidth) requirements on each of its end-to-end paths. We have evaluated the proposed concept by comparing default random Pastry ID assignment with our proposed method. The results of the evaluation show that using our method all end- to-end paths in the multicast tree fullfill the bandwidth QoS requirements, which is usually not the case for default Pastry. I. INTRODUCTION In this paper we present a concept to enable Quality of Service (QoS) for multicast in the structured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network Pastry (1) and the Application Level Multicast (ALM) infrastructure Scribe (2) running on-top of Pastry. This is achieved by replacing the random ID assignment of Pastry with a QoS requirements aware mechanism. We use this concept to enable QoS for IP Multicast over ALM in the European project called EuQoS (3), which aims to support end-to-end QoS over heterogeneous networks. EuQoS only supports unicast QoS between end-systems on the network level. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: In Section II we motivate the need for QoS enabled multicast Overlay Networks. In the same Section we present the use of such a network to provide QoS enabled IP Multicast services to end-systems in the EuQoS project. In Section III we present the ALM infrastructure Scribe and the P2P routing substrate Pastry. We present our proposal for modifying the Scribe / Pastry ID assignment to enforce the construction of QoS aware multicast trees in Section IV. We evaluate the QoS improve- ments by comparing default Scribe / Pastry ID assignment with our modifications in Section V. An outlook of future considerations and improvements can be found in Section VI. Finally, Section VII concludes this paper.
Extracellular matrix‐based combination scaffold for guided regeneration of large‐area full‐thickness rabbit burn wounds upon a single application (2021)

Regeneration of large acute and chronic wounds is a concern worldwide. The present study evaluates wound healing competence of a completely human-origin, extracellular matrix (ECM)-based skin substitute/graft. It comprises cell-less amniotic membrane (AM), clinical-grade fibrin (FIB), and hyaluronic acid (HA) termed as AMFIBHA. The use of large-area third-degree rabbit burn wounds evaluated the product efficiency. The AMFIBHA induces hemostasis and permits suture-less positioning on the wound bed. In wet wounds, the AMFIBHA degrades and release biologically active molecules and guide cell migration, proliferation, and regeneration. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of this wound care product in terms of epithelial-dermal regeneration with angiogenesis. The study assessed injury-associated inflammation and different wound healing markers after 28 days of experiment and compared with both positive and negative controls-treated wounds. The regeneration of mature epidermis and dermis with rete pegs and hair follicle-like structure was evident upon a single application. The active involvement of host cells resulted in supple tissue formation. The ECM organization of AMFIBHA-treated tissue resulted in re-gain of mechanical properties comparable to native skin after 56 days. These guided regenerative outcomes reveal a promising translational value of the novel AMFIBHA skin substitute as an off-the-shelf product for clinical use.
Electro interstitial scan system: assessment of 10 years of research and development (2012)

After 10 years of development, the analysis of current scientific knowledge and results of clinical investigations have allowed a better understanding of EIS electrical measurements.
One-Shot Hyperspectral Imaging Using Faced Reflectors (2017)

Hyperspectral imaging is a useful technique for various computer vision tasks such as material recognition. However, such technique usually requires an expensive and professional setup and is time-consuming because a conventional hyperspectral image consists of a large number of observations. In this paper, we propose a novel technique of one-shot hyperspectral imaging using faced reflectors on which color filters are attached. The key idea is based on the principle that each of multiple reflections on the filters has a different spectrum, which allows us to observe multiple intensities through different spectra. Our technique can be implemented either by a coupled mirror or a kaleidoscope geometry. Experimental results show that our technique is capable of accurately capturing a hyperspectral image by using a coupled mirror setup which is readily available.
Metal–Ligand Complexes as Molecular Metal-Ion Reservoirs for Highly Promoted Growth of β-Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> Microplates (2015)

Highly developed single crystals of metal hydroxide can be achieved through a controlled release of metal ions in the growth phase. We report an alternative protocol for the synthesis of β-Co(OH)2 microplates by utilizing ethylenediamine-cobalt (En-Co) complexes as molecular reservoirs of Co2+ ions for a promoted crystal growth. Through a hydrothermal treatment, highly developed β-Co(OH)2 microplates could be obtained with a lateral size varying from 0.2 to 20 μm. Our mechanism study revealed that the Co2+ ions encapsulated by En ligands were protected from precipitation under ambient alkaline conditions but could be thermally released in a kinetically controlled manner. It is demonstrated that the amount of En in the system is responsible for the controlled release of Co2+ ions from stable En-Co complexes, which tunes the size of β-Co(OH)2 crystals. These large β-Co(OH)2 microplates exhibited a few unusual physical characteristics as to ordinarily grown platelets.
Loss of Rt6 Message and Most Circulating T Cells after Thymectomy of Diabetes Prone BB Rats (1994)

T cells expressing the RT6 surface alloantigen perform important immunoregulatory functions in the rat. Diabetes prone (DP) BB rats are deficient in circulating RT6+ T cells and develop spontaneous autoimmune diabetes mellitus. Transfusions leading to engraftment of RT6+ T cells prevent the disease. Coisogenic diabetes resistant (DR) BB rats do circulate RT6+ T cells and are free of disease. We investigated the basis for the deficiency of RT6+ T cells in the DP-BB rat and made the following observations. 1. Thymectomy causes the rapid loss of most peripheral T cells in the DP-BB rat. 2. Concomitant with the loss of T cells is the total loss of mRNA encoding RT6. 3. In contrast to the effects observed in peripheral lymphoid tissues, thymectomy does not lead to a detectable loss in RT6+ protein found in the small intestine. We conclude that the deficiency of RT6+ peripheral T cells in the DP-BB rat is due either to their short life span or to their reduced proliferative capacity following release from the thymus.
[Cr{tren(impy)3}](ClO4)3, where tren(impy)3 = N[CH2CH2N= C(H)(py)]3 (1996)

The structure of {tris[4-(2-pyridyl)-3-aza-3-butenyl]amine}chromium triperchlorate, [Cr{tren(impy)3}](ClO4)3, [Cr(C24H27N7)](ClO4)3, where tren(impy)3 is N[CH2CH2N =C(H)(py)]3, consists of [Cr{tren(impy)3}]3+ cations in which the CrIII centre adopts a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The trigonal twist angle of 52° is close to that expected for octahedral CrIII and there is little evidence suggesting coordination of the apical N atom on the tris(2-aminoethyl)amine backbone of the ligand.
Nonparametric Model-Based Online Junction Temperature and State-of-Health Estimation for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (2021)

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is widely used in power equipment, it generally works in complex circuit profiles and it is very difficult to measure or predict the thermal parameters of the module in real-time and evaluate the corresponding health status in the transient process. This paper develops a novel approach for solder-layer condition monitoring of IGBTs. In the approach a time-series nonparametric model of a power module is constructed, the current power and ambient temperature data are used to deduce the health state junction and case temperature. Three groups of time-series insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) data are used to train and verify the time-series nonparametric model for online conditions, the results show that the developed method has high accuracy. Compared with traditional methods, the time series non-parametric model method not only saves characteristic experiments but also saves the process of mathematical model construction. Besides, the proposed method also has the advantages of strong generalization and low equipment requirements which is useful for actual working conditions. Thereafter, another nonparametric model is built, the predicted junction temperature is used to estimate the collector voltage in the health state, and the percentage deviation of the measured collector voltage from the estimated voltage is used to do the state-of-health estimation of the IGBT and its accuracy is verified by the experiment result.
A layered aluminum-based metal–organic framework as a superior trap for nitrobenzene capture <i>via</i> an intercalation role (2020)

Layered materials with porous layers are of great interest due to their intriguing structural topologies and potential applications as new adsorbents. In this study, a layered aluminum-based metal-organic framework, i.e. Al-TCPP, was successfully synthesized via a facile method for the adsorptive removal of nitrobenzene (NB). The as-synthesized Al-TCPP exhibited a typical layered structure and can be stable in water at pH = 5-7. Batch experimental results showed a superior adsorption performance towards NB with a maximum adsorption capability of 1.85 mg mg<sup>-1</sup>, and an exceptionally rapid equilibrium within 1 min, yielding an overall adsorptive performance superior to the state-of-the-art NB adsorbents reported so far. The morphology and crystallinity of the Al-TCPP adsorbent basically retain the original status after the capture of NB. Importantly, X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples after the NB adsorption revealed that the possible NB intercalation took place in layered Al-TCPP and expanded the interlayer space during the adsorption, which greatly enriched the adsorption sites and thus achieved the outstanding performance. This work highlights new prospects in designing layered materials for use in environmental remediation.
Who the Heck Is the Father of Bob? A Survey of the OWL Reasoning Infrastructure for Expressive Real-World Applications (2009)

Finding the optimal selection of an OWL reasoner and ser- vice interface for a specific ontology-based application is challenging. Over time it has become more and more difficult to match application requirements with service offerings from available reasoning engines, in particular with recent optimizations for certain reasoning services and new reasoning algorithms for different fragments of OWL. This work is motivated by real-world experiences and reports about interesting find- ings in the course of developing an ontology-based application. Bench- marking outcomes of several reasoning engines are discussed - especially with respect to accompanying sound and completeness tests. We com- pare the performance of various service and communication protocols in different computing environments. Hereby, it becomes apparent that these largely underrated components may have an enormous impact on the overall performance.
Data from LY2875358, a Neutralizing and Internalizing Anti-MET Bivalent Antibody, Inhibits HGF-Dependent and HGF-Independent MET Activation and Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; MET, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in driving tumor proliferation and metastasis. High MET expression is correlated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Activation of MET can be induced either by HGF-independent mechanisms such as gene amplification, specific genetic mutations, and transcriptional upregulation or by HGF-dependent autocrine or paracrine mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design/Results:&lt;/b&gt; Here, we report on LY2875358, a novel humanized bivalent anti-MET antibody that has high neutralization and internalization activities, resulting in inhibition of both HGF-dependent and HGF-independent MET pathway activation and tumor growth. In contrast to other bivalent MET antibodies, LY2875358 exhibits no functional agonist activity and does not stimulate biologic activities such as cell proliferation, scattering, invasion, tubulogenesis, or apoptosis protection in various HGF-responsive cells and no evidence of inducing proliferation &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in a monkey toxicity study. LY2875358 blocks HGF binding to MET and HGF-induced MET phosphorylation and cell proliferation. In contrast to the humanized one-armed 5D5 anti-MET antibody, LY2875358 induces internalization and degradation of MET that inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth in models where MET is constitutively activated. Moreover, LY2875358 has potent antitumor activity in both HGF-dependent and HGF-independent (&lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt;-amplified) xenograft tumor models. Together, these findings indicate that the mechanism of action of LY2875358 is different from that of the one-armed MET antibody.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; LY2875358 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for patients whose tumors are driven by both HGF-dependent and HGF-independent MET activation. LY2875358 is currently being investigated in multiple clinical studies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 6059–70. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Analysis of Drivers' Behavior in Longitudinal Direction Based on A Performance Index for Approach and Alienation (2007)

A performance index for approach and alienation that estimates driver's status such as inattentive operation from the vehicles behavior as a result of the driver's visual cognition, judgment, and operation have been proposed to prevent rear-end crashes. The index is based on the hypothesis that drivers are performing approach detection and deciding braking behavior with change of area of a preceding car on the retina. Based on the index, braking behaviors in preceding-car-following situation is analyzed. The experimental results of a test driver with a real car with constant relative velocity to preceding car show that the braking behaviors can be characterized using the index and headway distance. In addition, the results of laboratory experiments using a driving simulator support the results of the real car experiments. We conclude that the drivers' deceleration behavior in moderate danger levels can be characterized well in a plane of the proposed index and the headway distance.
Rome was built in 1776: A Case Study on Factual Correctness in Knowledge-Grounded Response Generation (2021)

Recently neural response generation models have leveraged large pre-trained transformer models and knowledge snippets to generate relevant and informative responses. However, this does not guarantee that generated responses are factually correct. In this paper, we examine factual correctness in knowledge-grounded neural response generation models. We present a human annotation setup to identify three different response types: responses that are factually consistent with respect to the input knowledge, responses that contain hallucinated knowledge, and non-verifiable chitchat style responses. We use this setup to annotate responses generated using different stateof-the-art models, knowledge snippets, and decoding strategies. In addition, to facilitate the development of a factual consistency detector, we automatically create a new corpus called Conv-FEVER that is adapted from the Wizard of Wikipedia dataset and includes factually consistent and inconsistent responses. We demonstrate the benefit of our Conv-FEVER dataset by showing that the models trained on this data perform reasonably well to detect factually inconsistent responses with respect to the provided knowledge through evaluation on our human annotated data. We will release the Conv-FEVER dataset and the human annotated responses.