gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive measurement of total hemoglobin and hemoglobin derivatives using multiwavelength pulse spectrophotometry -In vitro study with a mock circulatory system (2006)

Total hemoglobin (tHb), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and methemoglobin (MetHb) are usually measured with a CO-oximeter. Noninvasive and continuous measurement of these blood components is expected to decrease the pain of a patient. Therefore, we developed an instrument to measure oxygen saturation (SpO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), tHb, COHb, and MetHb non invasively. Multiwavelength LED (600, 625, 660, 760, 800, 940, and 1300 nm) and a combined detector (Si, InGaAs) were built into the instrument (Seven wavelengths transparent pulse spectrophotometer). We used the Waseda mock circulatory system, which can simulate blood circulation in tissues and generate a pulse wave mechanically, to estimate the instrument's performance. Furthermore we proposed new calculation formula including DC components of optical density (this method). Under conditions without any change of other components, the mean error plusmn standard deviation between this method and the CO-oximetry were SaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> =0.0plusmn1.4%, tHb=0.0plusmn0.0 g/dl, COHb=0.0plusmn2.0%, and MetHb=0.0plusmn0.3%. When the concentration of other components was changed, this method showed mean errors and standard deviations of SaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> =0.2plusmn1.6%, tHb=0.0plusmn0.4 g/dl, COHb=0.5plusmn4.1%, and MetHb=0.0plusmn0.3%
Examination of the pRb-Dependent and pRb-Independent Functions of E7 In Vivo (2005)

High-risk human papillomaviruses encode two oncogenes, E6 and E7, expressed in nearly all cervical cancers. Although E7 protein is best known for its ability to inactivate the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, pRb, many other activities for E7 have been proposed in in vitro studies. Herein, we describe studies that allowed us to define unambiguously the pRb-dependent and -independent activities of E7 for the first time in vivo. In these studies, we crossed mice transgenic for human papillomavirus 16 E7 to knock-in mice genetically engineered to express a mutant form of pRb (pRb(DeltaLXCXE)) that is selectively defective for binding E7. pRb inactivation was necessary for E7 to induce DNA synthesis and to overcome differentiation-dependent cell cycle withdrawal and DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest. While most of E7's effects on epidermal differentiation were found to require pRb inactivation, a modest delay in terminal differentiation with resulting hyperplasia was observed in E7 mice on the Rb(DeltaLXCXE) mutant background. E7-induced p21 upregulation was also pRb dependent, and genetic Rb inactivation was sufficient to reproduce this effect. While E7-mediated p21 induction was partially p53 dependent, neither p53 nor p21 induction by E7 required p19(ARF). These data show that E7 upregulates the expression of p53 and p21 via pRb-dependent mechanisms distinct from the proposed p19-Mdm2 pathway. These results extend our appreciation of the importance of pRb as a relevant target for high-risk E7 oncoproteins.
An Experimental Determination of the Cr−DMB (DMB = 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butene) Bond Energy in Cr(CO)<sub>5</sub>(DMB):  Effects of Alkyl Substitution on Chromium−Olefin Bond Energies in Cr(CO)<sub>5</sub>(olefin) Complexes (2002)

The chromium−olefin complex Cr(CO)5(DMB) (DMB = 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene) has been studied in the gas phase using transient infrared spectroscopy. This complex forms by addition of DMB to photogenerated Cr(CO)5 with a rate constant, kL = (7.0 ± 1.5) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The bond enthalpy for the DMB−Cr(CO)5 bond has been determined from the kinetics for the decay of Cr(CO)5(DMB) to be 20.1 ± 1.7 kcal/mol at 298 K. An energy decomposition analysis has been performed for a series of Cr(CO)5(olefin) complexes (olefin = DMB, ethylene, propene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, isobutene, and tetramethylethylene (TME)) using density functional theory. These calculations provide insights into trends in the chromium−olefin bond energy. The results reveal that the trend in bond energies in these complexes correlates with the number and the nature of the alkyl groups around the double bond, and that the dominant factor in this trend is the deformation energy of the olefin and Cr(CO)5, where the deformation energy is the energy required to deform the olefin ligand and the unsaturated metal centered moiety from their isolated ground-state geometries to the geometry they adopt in the bound complex.
CTProfiler measurement method for natural draft cooling towers (2019)

Natural draft cooling towers (NDCTs) are a systems for discharging waste heat into the atmosphere. In many cases NDCTs are not maintained properly and are exposed to slow degradation, which affect the performance of NDCTs in long term and consequently affects the operation of the power plant. We designed an innovative measuring solution, which enables high spatial resolution measurements of local temperatures, relative humidity and the airflow velocity inside the NDCTs. Based on the gathered information on environmental conditions it is possible to detect and evaluate degradation damages and thereby increase the performance of NDCTs.
High Precision and High Speed TV Picture Quality Enhancement Method based on Compactly Supported Sampling Function (2004)

In this paper, a method for high precision and high speed TV picture quality enhancement based on an application of the Fluency Information Theory is proposed. We have introduced the fluency DAC using C-type fluency sampling function (or compactly supported) that has received. For high speed and high precision processing of TV picture, several essential requirements were identified. The new impulse response satisfying these requirements is introduced for only NTSC signal based on C-type fluency sampling function. The NTSC image signal is interpolated in real time to obtain high precision image. Finally, an image signal that has doubled the horizontal resolution is sent as output to cathode-ray tube.
Favorable Pathway of O<sub>2</sub>Dissociative Adsorption on a Single Platinum Adatom Coated on Gamma-Alumina (111) Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study (2011)

We have investigated the dissociative adsorption process of O2 (oxygen molecule) on a composite surface formed by coating a single platinum (Pt) adatom on a gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) (111) surface. This process is studied by using density functional theory (DFT) and described in terms of potential energy surfaces (PES) with respect to the molecular degrees of freedom. We compare the activation barriers and adsorption energies among typical reaction channels. Our results show that O2 dissociative adsorption is preferably occurred when this O2 molecule approaches the surface with molecular orientation inclined by 30° angle with respect to the surface normal, i.e., the condition with lowest activation barrier. The results indicate that dissociated O atoms are likely to form strong bonds with the Pt adatom by keeping distance from the alumina layer.
A model of bidirectional interactions between complementary learning systems for memory consolidation of sequential experiences (2019)

ABSTRACT The standard theory of memory consolidation posits a dual-store memory system: a fast-learning fast-decaying hippocampus that transfers memories to slow-learning long-term cortical storage. Hippocampal lesions interrupt this transfer, so recent memories are more likely to be lost than more remote memories. Existing models of memory consolidation that simulate this temporally graded retrograde amnesia operate only on static patterns or unitary variables as memories. However, the mechanisms underlying the consolidation of episodes, which are sequential in nature and comprise multiple events, are not well understood. There is currently no computational theory for how memory replays of sequential experiences emerge dynamically during offline periods and how they are coordinated between the hippocampus and cortex to facilitate the stabilization of episodic memories. Further, there is evidence for a bi-directional interaction between the two memory systems during offline periods (Ji &amp; Wilson, 2007), whereby the reactivation of waking neural patterns originating in the cortex triggers time-compressed sequential replays in the hippocampus, which in turn drive the consolidation of the pertinent sequence in the cortex. We have developed a computational model of memory encoding, consolidation, and recall for storing temporal sequences that explores the dynamics of this bi-directional interaction and time-compressed replays in four simulation experiments, providing novel insights into whether hippocampal learning needs to be suppressed for stable memory consolidation and into how new and old memories compete for limited replay opportunities during offline periods. The salience of experienced events, based on factors such as recency and frequency of use, is shown to have considerable impact on memory consolidation because it biases the relative probability that a particular event will be cued in the cortex during offline periods. In the presence of hippocampal learning during sleep, our model predicts that the fast-forgetting hippocampus can continually refresh the memory traces of a given episodic sequence if there are no competing experiences to be replayed.
Interaction of kanchanomycin with nucleic acids. I. Physical properties of the complex (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of kanchanomycin with nucleic acids. I. Physical properties of the complexPaul A. Friedman, Peteranne B. Joel, and Irving H. GoldbergCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 4, 1535–1544Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00832a032https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00832a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The PD-L1 metabolic interactome intersects with choline metabolism and inflammation (2021)

<strong>Background: </strong>Harnessing the power of the immune system by using immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in some of the most exciting advances in cancer treatment. The full potential of this approach has, however, not been fully realized for treating many cancers such as pancreatic and breast cancer. Cancer metabolism influences many aspects of cancer progression including immune surveillance. An expanded understanding of how cancer metabolism can directly impact immune checkpoints may allow further optimization of immunotherapy. We therefore investigated, for the first time, the relationship between the overexpression of choline kinase-α (Chk-α), an enzyme observed in most cancers, and the expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1. <strong>Methods: </strong>We used small interfering RNA to downregulate Chk-α, PD-L1, or both in two triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149) and two human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines (Pa09C and Pa20C). The effects of the downregulation were studied at the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. The findings were compared with the results obtained by the analysis of public data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. <strong>Results: </strong>We identified an inverse dependence between Chk-α and PD-L1 at the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. We also found that prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) play an important role in this relationship. We independently confirmed this relationship in human cancers by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data identified previously unknown roles of PD-L1 in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and revealed the immunosuppressive increased PD-L1 effect of Chk-α downregulation. These data suggest that PD-L1 regulation of metabolism may be mediated through Chk-α, COX-2, and TGF-β. The observations provide new insights that can be applied to the rational design of combinatorial therapies targeting immune checkpoints and cancer metabolism.
Incorporating Fuzzy Membership Functions into the Perceptron Algorithm (1985)

The perceptron algorithm, one of the class of gradient descent techniques, has been widely used in pattern recognition to determine linear decision boundaries. While this algorithm is guaranteed to converge to a separating hyperplane if the data are linearly separable, it exhibits erratic behavior if the data are not linearly separable. Fuzzy set theory is introduced into the perceptron algorithm to produce a ``fuzzy algorithm'' which ameliorates the convergence problem in the nonseparable case. It is shown that the fuzzy perceptron, like its crisp counterpart, converges in the separable case. A method of generating membership functions is developed, and experimental results comparing the crisp to the fuzzy perceptron are presented.
Data from Dual Inhibition of Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway by &lt;i&gt;Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound&lt;/i&gt;–Rapamycin and Perifosine Induces Antitumor Activity in Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway mediates multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation, survival, and development of drug resistance, underscoring the role of mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, with potential anti-MM activity. However, recent data show a positive feedback loop from mTOR/S6K1 to Akt, whereby Akt activation confers resistance to mTOR inhibitors. We confirmed that suppression of mTOR signaling in MM cells by rapamycin was associated with upregulation of Akt phosphorylation. We hypothesized that inhibiting this positive feedback by a potent Akt inhibitor perifosine would augment rapamycin-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells. Perifosine inhibited rapamycin-induced phosphorylated Akt, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity in MM.1S cells even in the presence of interleukin-6, insulin-like growth factor-I, or bone marrow stromal cells. Moreover, rapamycin-induced autophagy in MM.1S MM cells, as evidenced by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry, was augmented by perifosine. Combination therapy increased apoptosis detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide analysis and caspase/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Importantly, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; antitumor activity and prolongation of survival in a MM mouse xenograft model after treatment was enhanced with combination of &lt;i&gt;nanoparticle albumin-bound&lt;/i&gt;–rapamycin and perifosine. Utilizing the &lt;i&gt;in silico&lt;/i&gt; predictive analysis, we confirmed our experimental findings of this drug combination on PI3K, Akt, mTOR kinases, and the caspases. Our data suggest that mutual suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by rapamycin and perifosine combination induces synergistic MM cell cytotoxicity, providing the rationale for clinical trials in patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 963–75. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lexical semantics in LFG (2006)

Available for the first time in years, Semantics in LFG is a reissue of the groundbreaking Papers in Lexical Functional Grammar. It spans a diverse range of topics, including Italian unaccusatives, Malayalam causatives, derived nominals, resultatives, and non-nominative subjects in Icelandic. With its emphasis on representations of lexical semantic information that allow operations on predicate-argument relations and grammatical relations to be independent of structural configurations, the text will be of interest to both scholars and students of linguistics.
Distinctive contributions to dielectric response of relaxor ferroelectric lead scandium niobate ceramic system (2013)

Dielectric properties of (PSN) ceramic system, prepared from mechanochemically activated powder, were studied in a broad temperature range of 150–750 K. Various distinctive contributions were recognized in the detected reponse. A typical relaxor dispersive maximum, accompanied by a sharp dielectric anomaly showing a hysteretic behavior, reveals that developed disordered PSN ceramics undergoes a spontaneous relaxor‐to‐ferroelectric phase transition, even in zero electric field. At high temperatures, a strong dielectric dispersion due to the Maxwell–Wagner‐type contributions of interface layers between the sample and contacts governs the detected response above 500 K. The intrinsic high‐temperature dielectric response follows, however, the universal scaling rather than the classical mean‐field behavior. The latter can be rejected on the confidence level better than 99% according to the F ‐test and, furthermore, the analysis revealed a critical exponent that indicates a critical behavior associated with universality classes typically found in spin glasses. Finally, nearly perfect agreement between the fitting parameter of K (obtained by analysis in the interval of 600–775 K) and the experimentally detected value of this relaxor‐to‐ferroelectric phase transition temperature manifests that the low‐temperature fingerprint behavior can be observed at much higher temperatures, well above the dispersive relaxor dielectric maximum.
IoT-based Transceiver Antenna System for 5G Future High-Speed Train Communications (2023)

The serious problems with rail radio systems across the world mainly originated from poor train antenna design and deployment. Hence designing antennas for reliable radio access is so essential in public advanced railway systems. On the other hand, the mm-wave frequency spectrums are recognized sources of valuable frequencies to supply the high-rate 5G and beyond 5G Internet services with a speed of over than 10 GB per second. In this article, an mm-wave 5G transceiver antenna which includes a tapered-slot antenna and an EM signal distribution network has been introduced to overcome the challenges of harmful interaction between the transmitting and receiving high-speed train antennas and reduce their technical conflicts in the installation.
A tunable and highly-parallel picoliter-dispenser based on direct liquid displacement (2003)

We present a new method for the highly parallel and simultaneous delivery of a multitude of reagents in the picoliter range. This method is based on direct displacement of the liquids using an elastomer stamp which simultaneously actuates up to 96 different dosing channels, at a pitch of 500 /spl mu/m. We were able to tune droplet volume from 150-720 pl and droplet speed from 0,2m/s-2,8m/s using printheads with 50 /spl mu/m nozzles. In contrast to all other inkjet techniques the new direct displacement method enables the precise control of dispensing quantity in the picoliter range regardless of reagent viscosity.
Myocardial force-frequency defect in mitral regurgitation heart failure is reversed by forskolin. (1993)

Preoperatively, myocardial tension generation in mitral regurgitation patients is severely depressed, and the force-frequency curve is blunted and has a negative slope in the exercise range of heart rates. The reversal of these defects by forskolin suggests that abnormal excitation-contraction coupling may underlie the decreased contractile reserve in mitral regurgitation patients.
ChemInform Abstract: SEQUENTIAL ELECTRON‐TRANSFER‐DESILYLATION PATHWAYS FOR C‐VINYLAZOMETHINE YLIDE FORMATION IN THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF (1‐(TRIETHYLSILYL)ALLYL)IMINIUM SALTS (1983)

Abstract Die ausgehend von der Reaktion zwischen den cyclischen Ketonen (l) und dem Allylamin(ll) dargestellten Perchlorate (Vl bzw. (IX) werden unter etwas verschiedenen Bedingungen bestrahlt und liefern dabei die Produkte (VI) oder (VII) bzw. (X).
Internal medicine-important advances in clinical medicine: streptokinase and acute myocardial infarction. (1983)

EPITOMES-INTERNAL MEDICINE cytes in the lavage fluid and their numbers reliably reflect the intensity of sarcoid alveolitis.Because the activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis can be correctly judged by analyzing the bronchoalveolar fluid, this tech- nique is extremely useful in staging sarcoidosis patients and monitoring their response to therapy.Results of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level, gallium 67 scan and bronchoalveolar lavage lym- phocyte count not only correlate with clinical disease activity but also provide better understanding of biochemical and immunologic features of sarcoidosis.It has been suggested that the three markers probably reflect different stages of the granulomatous process.Further studies are needed to clearly define the indica- tions for their routine use.
Hypothalamic Glucagon Receptors Regulate Feeding in Mice (2021)

Abstract Glucagon is an essential regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. We have reported that chronic glucagon receptor (GCGR) activation with the highly selective, long-acting GCGR-agonist, IUB288, promotes weight-loss by stimulating energy expenditure and suppressing food intake in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Thus, novel therapeutics that include glucagon receptor (GCGR) agonism have emerged as promising candidates for obesity and diabetes. GCGR-stimulated energy expenditure is predominately dependent on hepatic GCGR activation; however, the tissue(s) responsible for GCGR-dependent suppression of food intake have yet to be elucidated. Intriguingly, intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected glucagon acutely suppresses food intake, suggesting neurons expressing GCGR in the brain mediate the anorectic actions of GCGR activation. Hypothalamic neurons express appetitive neuropeptides, sense nutrients in circulation, and respond to peripheral endocrine signals. Studies herein, utilize mice with hypothalamic Gcgr-deficiency (GcgrΔHypo) to test the hypothesis that peripherally administered GCGR-agonists (e.g. IUB288) reverse obesity via their actions on hypothalamic GCGRs to suppress food intake and concurrent hepatic effects on energy expenditure. GcgrΔHypo and littermate control mice were fasted overnight to stimulate endogenous hunger signals and test for differential food intake upon refeeding. Interestingly, lean, male GcgrΔHypo mice displayed acute hyperphagia in comparison to control littermates. GcgrΔHypo mice also displayed elevated locomotor activity, an increase in the respiratory exchange ratio, and elevated energy expenditure compared to littermate controls. Furthermore, these metabolic alterations are associated with delayed body weight gain and chronic hyperphagia in GcgrΔHypo mice allowed ad libitum access to a high fat diet for 12 weeks. Consistent with our hypothesis, chronic peripheral administration of IUB288 (14d i.p.) suppressed food intake in DIO male control, but not GcgrΔHypo, mice. Altogether, these data suggest that hypothalamic GCGRs mediate the anorectic actions of GCGR activation and play a regulatory role in food take. Moreover, these findings suggest that GCGR-based therapeutics may act on both intake and expenditure components of energy balance to combat obesity.