gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Monitoring of Soil Nitrate Using a Miniature Sensor with Poly(3-octyl-thiophene) and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanocomposite (2019)

There is an unmet need for improved fertilizer management in agriculture. Continuous monitoring of soil nitrate would address this need. This paper reports an all-solid-state miniature potentiometric soil sensor that works in direct contact with soils to monitor nitrate-nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N) in soil solution with parts-per-million (ppm) resolution. A working electrode is formed from a novel nanocomposite of poly(3-octyl-thiophene) and molybdenum disulfide (POT-MoS<sub>2</sub>) coated on a patterned Au electrode and covered with a nitrate-selective membrane using a robotic dispenser. The POT-MoS<sub>2</sub> layer acts as an ion-to-electron transducing layer with high hydrophobicity and redox properties. The modification of the POT chain with MoS<sub>2</sub> increases both conductivity and anion exchange, while minimizing the formation of a thin water layer at the interface between the Au electrode and the ion-selective membrane, which is notorious for solid-state potentiometric ion sensors. Therefore, the use of POT-MoS<sub>2</sub> results in an improved sensitivity and selectivity of the working electrode. The reference electrode comprises a screen-printed silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode covered by a protonated Nafion layer to prevent chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>) leaching in long-term measurements. This sensor was calibrated using both standard and extracted soil solutions, exhibiting a dynamic range that includes all concentrations relevant for agricultural applications (1-1500 ppm NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N). With the POT-MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite, the sensor offers a sensitivity of 64 mV/decade for nitrate detection, compared to 48 mV/decade for POT and 38 mV/decade for MoS<sub>2</sub>. The sensor was embedded into soil slurries where it accurately monitored nitrate for a duration of 27 days.
Aero-gel based CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles: synthesis, structural properties and detailed humidity sensing response (2019)

Mechanism of %RH sensing using aero-gel based CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles.
Quantized fluctuational electrodynamics for three-dimensional plasmonic structures (2017)

We recently introduced a quantized fluctuational electrodynamics (QFED) formalism that provides a physically insightful definition of an effective position-dependent photon-number operator and the associated ladder operators. However, this far the formalism has been applicable only for the normal incidence of the electromagnetic field in planar structures. In this work, we overcome the main limitation of the one-dimensional QFED formalism by extending the model to three dimensions, allowing us to use the QFED method to study, e.g., plasmonic structures. To demonstrate the benefits of the developed formalism, we apply it to study the local steady-state photon numbers and field temperatures in a light-emitting near-surface InGaN quantum-well structure with a metallic coating supporting surface plasmons.
Dexmedetomidine Versus Standard Therapy with Fentanyl for Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Premature Neonates (2012)

Dexmedetomidine was safe and effective for sedation in the premature neonates included in this study. Prospective randomized-controlled trials are needed before routine use of dexmedetomidine can be recommended.
Epigenetic in Kidney Transplantation: Characteristic Paired Donor-Recipient DNA Methylation Patterns Correlate With Long-Term Graft Function. (2014)

Background. Allograft attrition over time remains undiminished due to chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). CAD pathogenesis includes both immune and non-immune mechanisms, against a background of various donor and recipient risk factors. Herein, we evaluate the effect of epigenetic factors (genome while DNA methylation, DNAm) in graft function at 2-yrs post-KT. Methods. Donor organ tissue and peripheral blood (PBMC) samples were evaluated from 50 deceased donor KT recipients that underwent prospective evaluation. DNAm was tested using Infinium 450K methylation assay. microRNA and miRNA profiles were also available for data integration. Samples were classified as non-Progressors (NP) or Progressors (P) to CAD based on graft function and histological findings at 2-yrs post-KT. The Illumina's GenomeStudio Methylation Analysis Module was used to obtain the β values and detection of p-values for each probe. For each probe, the ‘P’ and the ‘NP’ DNA donor kidney and PBMC samples were compared using a moderated t-test using the limma Bioconductor package. Differentially methylated CpG sites were verified using Methylight reactions. Effect of gene expression was evaluated and related with outcomes. Results.Ten CpG sites were differentially methylated using the Benjamini-Hochberg FDR of 0.05 in donor tissue samples. Top methylation sites were related to DEAF, CTLA4, NCRNA00161, and ALPPL2 genes. Fourteen CpG sites were identified as significant between KT recipient groups with top CpG sites related to COL5A3, TNXB, and ISL1. We also evaluated if methylation patterns in peripheral blood of KT recipients at pre-implantation related with ESRD by comparing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vs. other causes of ESRD. Ten CpG sites were differentiallymethylated (p-value<0.001) when comparing PBMC samples from KT recipients with and without T2DM. Further data integration with mRNA and miRNA profiles showed correlation between CpG methylation sites and gene expression. Conclusions. This study represents the first evaluation of the role of epigenetics in donor and recipients in KT graft outcomes. DNA methylation patterns associated with post-KT outcomes and provided an additional level of information for identifying at pre-KT those patients at higher risk of progression to CAD post-KT.
A modified CGT method with the swap-term correction (1997)

Relaxation of the SPR-condition is developed for the command generator tracking (CGT) method for the input tracking of oscillatory waves given by the superposition of sinusoids. The CGT is modified in the form that it is free from the SPR-condition without making use of the plant augmentation, and simple in structure. A modified controller with the swap term correction is derived, which has faster speed of adaptation than a controller without the swap term correction. Simulations applied to an electrohydraulic servo with nonlinear valve and observation noise show the good tracking performance and the faster speed of adaptation.
A unified hyperbolic interface capturing scheme for gas-liquid flows (1997)

In this paper, we present a novel numerical framework for computing multi-phase systems with a dense dispersed phase. The formulation described here solves for a unified, consistent set of conservation equations for the entire flow domain. Here, the interface between phases is captured as part of the solution permitting solution of complex threedimensional, transient evolution of the interface. An upwind flux-differenced procedure is developed for generalized thermodynamic state equations which reproduces the correct physical acoustic speed. This upwind numerical formulation is also extended to simulate a dense dispersed phase which is in non-equilibrium with the continuum. The wave propagation process for these non-equilibrium flows is shown to be physically consistent, and the numerical instability associated with multi-phase flows is interpreted as arising from source terms involving gradients of porosity. A range of studies, from fundamental shock tubes studies to three-dimensional transient problems are presented. In particular, considerable success has been achieved in modeling various combustion instability phenomena in interior ballistic problems where acoustic waves have coupled with liquid propellant combustion to generate high frequency waves.
Preliminary findings on the temporomandibular joint sounds of lateral cross-bite patients (2005)

In this paper we investigate the relation between lateral cross-bite disorders and the sounds generated by the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ). TMJ vibrations are recorded clinically by palpation and auscultation and also electronically by accelerometers. TMJ signals are filtered, amplified, digitized and stored on a computer. Based on joint time-frequency moments calculated from evolutionary spectrum, sounds are categorized into four classes. Palpation, auscultation and time-frequency classification findings are presented.
A comparison of the species–time relationship across ecosystems and taxonomic groups (2006)

The species–time relationship (STR) describes how the species richness of a community increases with the time span over which the community is observed. This pattern has numerous implications for both theory and conservation in much the same way as the species–area relationship (SAR). However, the STR has received much less attention and to date only a handful of papers have been published on the pattern. Here we gather together 984 community time‐series, representing 15 study areas and nine taxonomic groups, and evaluate their STRs in order to assess the generality of the STR, its consistency across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, its functional form, and its relationship to local species richness. In general, STRs were surprisingly similar across major taxonomic groups and ecosystem types. STRs tended to be well fit by both power and logarithmic functions, and power function exponents typically ranged between 0.2 and 0.4. Communities with high richness tended to have lower STR exponents, suggesting that factors increasing richness may simultaneously decrease turnover in ecological systems. Our results suggest that the STR is as fundamental an ecological pattern as the SAR, and raise questions about the general processes underlying this pattern. They also highlight the dynamic nature of most species assemblages, and the need to incorporate time scale in both basic and applied research on species richness patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: REISSERT COMPOUND STUDIES. XLIX. AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF THE PYRIDINE REISSERT ANALOG AND ITS UTILIZATION IN THE REGIOSPECIFIC PREPARATION OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES (1985)

Abstract Aus den Pyridinen (I) oder (V) werden mit Chlorameisensäureester (II) und Trimethylsilylcyanid (III) mit AlCl 3 als Katalysator oder unter Phasentransferbedingungen die Reissert‐Verbindungen‐(IV) bzw. (VI) erhalten.
An initial study of single gas permeation using a commercial alumina membrane. (2015)

An initial study has been conducted using a commercially available alumina membrane. The study is based on single gas permeation method involving He, O2, CO2 and N2. The effect of trans membrane pressure drop, gas molecular mass, kinectic diameter, permselectivity and permeance were observed and discussed. Helium showed a faster flowrate through the membrane and the order of flow was He&gt;O2&gt;N2&gt;CO2. The experiment was conducted at constant room temperature.
Specific Gene Responses of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 during Growth in Soil (2012)

Transcriptome analysis of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 during growth in sterilized soil was performed. A total of 165 soil-specific genes were identified by subtracting genes upregulated in late growth phases and on solid medium from 264 genes commonly upregulated during growth on biphenyl or pyruvate in sterilized soil. Classification of the 165 genes into functional categories indicated that this soil-specific group is rich in genes for the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and nitrogen and relatively poor in those for cellular processes and signaling. The ro06365-ro06369 gene cluster, in which ro06365 to ro06368 were highly upregulated in transcriptome analysis, was characterized further. ro06365 and ro06366 show similarity to a nitrite/nitrate transporter and a nitrite reductase, respectively, suggesting their involvement in nitrogen metabolism. A strain with an ro06366 deletion, D6366, showed growth retardation when we used nitrate as the sole nitrogen source and no growth when we used nitrite. A strain with a deletion of ro06365 to ro06368, DNop, utilized neither nitrite nor nitrate and recovered growth using nitrite and nitrate by introduction of the deleted genes. Both of the mutants showed growth retardation in sterilized soil, and the growth retardation of DNop was more significant than that of D6366. When these mutants were cultivated in medium containing the same proportions of ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite ions as those in the sterilized soil, they showed growth retardation similar to that in the soil. These results suggest that the ro06365-ro06369 gene cluster has a significant role in nitrogen utilization in sterilized soil.
A Non-Living Nasal Influenza Vaccine Can Induce Major Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Humans without the Need for Adjuvants (2005)

Twenty-eight healthy adult volunteers were immunized intranasally with an inactivated whole-virus influenza vaccine based on the strain A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), either in saline or mixed with formaldehyde-inactivated Bordetella pertussis as a mucosal adjuvant, or in a thixotropic vehicle with mucoadhesive properties. After four doses, all groups of vaccinees developed significant IgG- and IgA-antibody responses, measured by ELISA, in respectively serum and nasal secretions. None of the volunteers had demonstrable hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies in serum before being immunized, whereas more than 80% of them reached HAI titers>or=40, considered protective, after immunizations. In addition, cellular immune responses, measured as significant increases in CD4+ T-cell proliferation and granzyme B-producing cytotoxic T-cells, were detected against the vaccine strain as well as against heterologous virus strains (H3N2). However, no additive effect on these responses could be demonstrated with use of B. pertussis or the thixotropic substance in the present vaccines. It appeared, actually, that the mucoadhesive vehicle containing the thixotropic substance was less efficient than were the two other formulations. An influenza vaccine made as a simple particulate formulation of inactivated virus, and given repeatedly onto the nasal mucosa, may thus be an attractive alternative to currently available vaccines.
Application of Open Circuit Voltage Decay to the Characterization of p/n+ and n/p+ Epitaxial Layer (2004)

High quality silicon epitaxial layers are inevitable in bipolar and/or unipolar technology. However, its properties are not as easy characterized as those of bulk material. The recombination lifetime is dominated by surface/interface recombination for thin layers, which epitaxial ones generally are. We have designed diode structure with n+n/p+and p+p/n+ epitaxial layer for open circuit voltage decay (OCVD) technigue. In such a structure, injected carriers are constrained within lightly doped base by potential barriers of junction and high-low contact and their concentration can then decrease only by recombination. Carrier lifetime obtained by this manner yields information mainly about the defect properties of epitaxial layer. Performing OCVD measurement for high-level injection condition, also tn and tp could be evaluated.
Strategies for optimum use of superposition diffractogram in scanning electron microscopy (2001)

Characteristics of the superposition diffractogram used for precisely estimating scanning electron microscopy (SEM) resolution are investigated. It is shown that the choice of pixel density to satisfy the sampling theorem, the direction of scanning, the choice of image shift direction, the properties of the specimen, the effect of external disturbances such as vibration and stray magnetic fields, and the effect of the window function required in the Fourier transform, are all factors which must be considered in order to make the superposition diffractogram a practical technique. An additional important improvement required to exploit fully the ability of the superposition diffractogram, which potentially is very high, is a special scanning mode which employs a digital scan generator, and digital image processing technology with autocorrelation functions.
The use of electrophysiology for the assessment of diabetic neuropathy (1997)

Whole nerve electrophysiology can provide a battery of objective, reliable and specific measures that are sensitive to the progression of diabetic symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN). However, under standard conditions, these measures index limited aspects of neural activity, and then only in large diameter, myelinated axons. Nerve conduction is not synonymous with "nerve function." Electrophysiologic measures can be influenced by a variety of factors with different time courses of action and with different sensitivities to manipulation. The value of whole nerve electrophysiology must be based on a firm appreciation of the strengths and limitations of the procedure. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple and High-Yield Route to N-9-purinyl-acetic Acid Derivatives Coupled with Amino Acids (2008)

A facile route to synthesize amide type N-9-purinyl-acetic acid derivatives both in guanine and hypoxanthine series is described. The regioselective alkylation of the 6-chloro-purine derivatives followed by their conversion into guanine or hypoxanthine nucleus in mild acidic conditions, are the key steps that allow the efficient preparation of compounds with an acetic function coupled with various amino acids. Keywords: Purinyl-acetic acid derivatives, peptide coupling, hypoxanthine, guanine
Single-Protein Molecular Interactions on Polymer-Modified Glass Substrates for Nanoarray Chip Application Using Dual-Color TIRFM (2007)

The immobilization of proteins and their molecular interactions on various polymer-modified glass substrates [i.e. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS), poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA), chitosan (CHI), glutaraldehyde (GA), 3-(trichlorosilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM), 3'-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and poly-l-lysine (PL).] for potential applications in a nanoarray protein chip at the single-molecule level was evaluated using prismtype dual-color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (dual-color TIRFM). A dual-color TIRF microscope, which contained two individual laser beams and a single high-sensitivity camera, was used for the rapid and simultaneous dual-color detection of the interactions and colocalization of different proteins labeled with different fluorescent dyes such as Alexa Fluor® 488, Qdot® 525 and Alexa Fluor® 633. Most of the polymer-modified glass substrates showed good stability and a relative high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio over a 40-day period after making the substrates. The GPTS/CHI/GA-modified glass substrate showed a 13.5-56.3% higher relative S/N ratio than the other substrates. 1% Top-Block in 10 mM phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) showed a 99.2% increase in the blocking effect of non-specific adsorption. These results show that dual-color TIRFM is a powerful methodology for detecting proteins at the single-molecule level with potential applications in nanoarray chips or nano-biosensors.
Complexation of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with thiourea and selenourea: A <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>15</sup>N, <sup>77</sup>Se and <sup>113</sup>Cd solution and solid-state NMR study (2005)

Abstract Zinc(II), cadmium(II) and mercury(II) complexes of thiourea (TU) and selenourea (SeU) of general formula M(TU)2Cl2 or M(SeU)2Cl2 have been prepared. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and NMR (1H, 13C, 15N, 77Se and 113Cd) spectroscopy. A low-frequency shift of the C=S resonance of thiones in 13C NMR and high-frequency shifts of N–H resonances in 1H and 15N NMR are consistent with sulfur or selenium coordination to the metal ions. The Se nucleus in Cd(SeU)2Cl2 in 77Se NMR is deshielded by 87 ppm on coordination, relative to the free ligand. In comparison, the analogous Zn(II) and Hg(II) complexes show deshielding by 33 and 50 ppm, respectively, indicating that the orbital overlap of Se with Cd is better. Principal components of 77Se and 113Cd shielding tensors were determined from solid-state NMR data. Keywords: ThioureaSelenoureaZn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) complexesNMRCP MAS NMR Acknowledgements This work was supported by the KFUPM Research Committee (Project CY/NMR STUDY/277) and the Chemistry Department of the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Notes Corresponding author. Email: miwazeer@kfupm.edu.sa Additional informationNotes on contributorsMohammed I. M. Wazeer Footnote* Corresponding author. Email: miwazeer@kfupm.edu.sa
Chaos synchronization over 50 kilometers using monolithic silicon optomechanical cavities (2018)

High quality chaos synchronization has been experimentally achieved between micro-cavities over 50 kilometers distance. The silicon micro-cavities have been fabricated using fully CMOS-compatible processes, which makes low-cost, scalable solution for secure-communications and networks feasible
Laser patterning and electrochemical characterization of thick-film cathodes for lithium-ion batteries (2023)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently dominating the electrochemical storage sector due to their excellent properties such as high energy density, high power density, and long cycle lifetime. For automotive applications, current research focuses on the merger of two concepts: (i) the “thick film concept” which enables a high energy density due to a reduced amount of inactive materials, and (ii) the “three-dimensional (3D) battery concept”, which provides a high power density with improved interfacial kinetics at mass loadings ≥ 35 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Latter could be realized by applying ultrafast laser patterning of electrodes, which in turn includes an advanced 3D electrode design. Briefly, a rapid and homogeneous electrode wetting with liquid electrolyte can be induced, and besides a high capacity retention during long-term cyclability. Recently, various electrode designs such as line, grid, and hole structures have been reported for cathodes and anodes. However, the mass loss of those electrodes needs to be considered, since the cathode represents about 50 % of the total material costs of LIBs. Thus, the use of electrode structures with a high aspect ratio as well as a significantly reduced material removal is of great importance. In this work, 150 μm thick-film Li(Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Mn<sup>0.2</sup>Co<sub>0.2</sub>)O<sub>2</sub> electrodes were manufactured by roll-to-roll tape-casting and subsequently structured with different pattern types using ultrafast laser radiation. Additionally, different designs were applied for laser patterning and the mass loss was minimized down to 7%. Finally, the cathodes were assembled in half-cells for studying the impact of different laser patterning designs on electrochemical performance.