gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Soluble and Fluorescent Poly(arylene ether)s Containing <i>p</i>-Quaterphenyl, 2,5-Bis(4-phenylphenyl)oxadiazole, or 2,5-Bis(4-phenylphenyl)triazole Groups (2001)

Three novel conjugated biphenols 3, 4, and 8 were synthesized by the Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed regioselective carbon−carbon coupling reaction of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or 2-phenylphenol with aryl halides. Although poly(arylene ether)s derived from biphenol 3 and arylene difluorides have low solubility in organic solvents, using 4,4‘-(9-fluorenylidene)diphenol or 4,4‘-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol as a comonomer gave soluble poly(arylene ether)s 6a−c. High molecular weight poly(arylene ether)s 7a‘−c‘ were also prepared from biphenol 4. The biscarbamate-masked monomers 5 and 9 improved the polymerization to give higher molecular weight polymers 7a−e and 10a−e in higher yields. Polymers 7 and 10 possess better film-forming capabilities and are still soluble in organic solvents. Polymers 6, 7, and 10 are all thermally stable with 5% weight loss temperatures higher than 500 °C under nitrogen. The polymers show strong blue light emission ranging from 387 to 478 nm in solution, depending on the conjugated structure.
Multichannel identification of room acoustic systems with adaptive filters based on orthonormal basis functions (2016)

Many acoustic signal enhancement applications require adaptive filters with a long impulse response, but with a small number of filter parameters. Fixed-poles infinite impulse response (IIR) adaptive filters based on orthonormal basis functions (OBFs) present advantages over finite impulse response filters and other IIR filters, assuring stability and fast global convergence in the adaptation of the filter parameters. A scalable algorithm is introduced for the estimation of the poles of an adaptive OBF filter from multichannel input-output data. The set of poles, common to all the acoustic channels considered, is estimated in parallel to the adaptation of the linear filter parameters. It will be shown that the result of the identification with common poles is quite robust to variations in the room transfer function, suggesting the possibility that poles may be kept fixed after estimation.
Novel pharmacological MC4R agonists can efficiently activate mutated MC4R from obese patient with impaired endogenous agonist response (2010)

Human melanocortin 4 receptor (hMC4R) mutations with in vitro functional effects are responsible for 0.5-2.5% of severe obesity. Designing ligands that are able to counteract this in vitro-associated molecular defect is crucial to develop specific anti-obesity drugs in these genetically associated cases. We analyzed the in vitro effect of two novel melanocortin agonists, IRC-022493 and IRC-022511, on typical hMC4R mutations chosen based on the nature of their functional alterations, i.e. intracytoplasmic retention and/or reduced basal activity and/or reduced α-MSH potency. We assessed the in vitro ability of IRC-022493 and IRC-022511 to bind and activate hMC4R mutants. These mutations were found earlier in 11 obese French patients (median age (range) was 17.6 years (5.7-48.0) and body mass index (BMI)-Z-score 4.2 s.d. (1.5-5.5). The MC4R agonists were responsible for a significant activation of mutated hMC4R depending on the functional characteristics of the mutations. Both agonists were able to activate mutated hMC4R with decreased α-MSH potency, associated with or without decreased basal activity, to the same extent than α-MSH in wild-type MC4R. This result suggests that those mutations would be the best targets for the MC4R agonists among MC4R mutation-bearing obese patients. No specific clinical phenotype was associated with the differential response to pharmacological agonists. We identified two novel melanocortin agonists that were able in vitro to efficiently activate mutated hMC4R with impaired endogenous agonist functional response. These results stimulate interest in the development of these drugs for hMC4R mutations-associated obesity.
Shotgun ion mobility mass spectrometry sequencing of heparan sulfate saccharides (2021)

© 2020, The Author(s). Despite evident regulatory roles of heparan sulfate (HS) saccharides in numerous biological processes, definitive information on the bioactive sequences of these polymers is lacking, with only a handful of natural structures sequenced to date. Here, we develop a “Shotgun” Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Sequencing (SIMMS2) method in which intact HS saccharides are dissociated in an ion mobility mass spectrometer and collision cross section values of fragments measured. Matching of data for intact and fragment ions against known values for 36 fully defined HS saccharide structures (from di- to decasaccharides) permits unambiguous sequence determination of validated standards and unknown natural saccharides, notably including variants with 3O-sulfate groups. SIMMS2 analysis of two fibroblast growth factor-inhibiting hexasaccharides identified from a HS oligosaccharide library screen demonstrates that the approach allows elucidation of structure-activity relationships. SIMMS2 thus overcomes the bottleneck for decoding the informational content of functional HS motifs which is crucial for their future biomedical exploitation.
Film properties and in-situ optical analysis of TiO2 layers synthesized by remote plasma ALD (2007)

TiO2 is a widely studied material due to its optical and photocatalytic properties and its hydrophilic nature after prolonged UV exposure. When synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) the TiO2 can be deposited with ultimate growth control with a high conformality on demanding topologies and even at room temperature when e.g. using a plasma based process. We report on the deposition of TiO2 films using remote plasma\nALD with titanium (IV) isopropoxide as precursor and O2 plasma as oxidant. Stochiometric TiO2 films with carbon and hydrogen levels below the detection limit of Rutherford backscattering/elastic recoil detection (&amp;lt;2 at.%) have been deposited within the temperature range of 25°C to 300°C. Depending on the ALD conditions and film thickness amorphous films turn anatase for temperatures higher than 200°C as revealed by X-ray diffraction. It is demonstrated that this change in crystal phase can also be\nobserved by spectroscopic ellipsometry revealing an increase in growth rate per cycle (from typically 0.45 Å/cycle to 0.7 Å/cycle) and change in bandgap (from 3.4 eV to 3.7 eV) when the TiO2 becomes anatase. An accompanying change in surface topology is clearly observed by atomic force microscopy. The hydrophilicity of low temperature TiO2 films is\nstudied by contact angle measurements for adhesion purposes revealing that the amorphous films are super-hydrophilic after UV exposure.
Automated detection of single particle-induced gain degradation in irradiated heterojunction bipolar transistors. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
(Amino)(Aryl)Carbenes: Stable Singlet Carbenes Featuring a Spectator Substituent (2001)

Several (amino)(aryl)carbenes have been shown to be stable at room temperature in solution and in the solid state. Electroneutrality of the carbene center is ensured by the amino group, which has both pi-donor and final sigma-acceptor electronic character. The aryl group remains a spectator substituent, as shown by single-crystal x-ray analysis and by its chemical behavior. Because only one electron-active substituent is needed, numerous stable carbenes will become accessible, which will open the way for new synthetic developments and applications in various fields.
Pre-erythrocytic Activity of M5717 in Monotherapy and Combination in Preclinical <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection Models (2022)

Combination therapies have emerged to mitigate <i>Plasmodium</i> drug resistance, which has hampered the fight against malaria. M5717 is a potent multistage antiplasmodial drug under clinical development, which inhibits parasite protein synthesis. The combination of M5717 with pyronaridine, an inhibitor of hemozoin formation, displays potent activity against blood stage <i>Plasmodium</i> infection. However, the impact of this therapy on liver infection by <i>Plasmodium</i> remains unknown. Here, we employed a recently described 3D culture-based hepatic infection platform to evaluate the activity of the M5717-pyronaridine combination against hepatic infection by <i>P. berghei</i>. This effect was further confirmed <i>in vivo</i> by employing the C57BL/6J rodent <i>Plasmodium</i> infection model. Collectively, our data demonstrate that pyronaridine potentiates the activity of M5717 against <i>P. berghei</i> hepatic development. These preclinical results contribute to the validation of pyronaridine as a suitable partner drug for M5717, supporting the clinical evaluation of this novel antiplasmodial combination therapy.
Fabrication of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles for optical coating applications (2022)

Using silver as a model material, we demonstrate the capabilities of a gas aggregation cluster source for the fabrication of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the resulting Ag nanoparticles are implemented in an optical filter.
Oxidative stress and altered mitochondrial protein expression in the absence of amyloid-β and tau pathology in iPSC-derived neurons from sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients (2018)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been described in postmortem brain samples and animal models. However, these observations were made at a late stage of disease and the inability to examine an early, presymptomatic phase in human neurons impeded our understanding of cause or consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. We used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal cells (iN cells) from sporadic AD (SAD) patients and healthy control subjects (HCS) to show aberrant mitochondrial function in patient-derived cells. We observed that neuronal cultures from some patients produced more ROS and displayed higher levels of DNA damage. Furthermore, patient-derived cells showed increased levels of oxidative phosphorylation chain complexes, whereas mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins were not affected. Surprisingly, these effects neither correlated with Aβ nor phosphorylated and total tau levels. Synaptic protein levels were also unaffected in SAD iN cells. The results of this study give new insights into constitutional metabolic changes in neurons from subjects prone to develop Alzheimer's pathology. They suggest that increased ROS production may have an integral role in the development of sporadic AD prior to the appearance of amyloid and tau pathology.
Acquired C1-Inhibitor Deficiency Associated with Antiidiotypic Antibody to Monoclonal Immunoglobulins (1985)

The syndrome of acquired angioedema and C1-inhibitor deficiency is associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. It is characterized by accelerated consumption of C1q and C1 inhibitor in vivo and by low levels of serum C2 and C4. Four patients with B-cell malignant diseases (IgA myeloma, macroglobulinemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and B-cell lymphoma, respectively) and acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency were found to have circulating antiidiotypic antibodies to the monoclonal immunoglobulin expressed on the surface of their B cells (three patients) or in the cytoplasm of their bone-marrow cells (one patient). Two of the four patients had circulating M components, and their antiidiotypic antibodies reacted with the M components. In three patients studied the percentage of B cells bearing C1q was 18, 24, and 35 per cent, as compared with 2.3 +/- 1.7 per cent (mean +/- S.D.) in six normal controls. These results suggest that an interaction between the idiotype of monoclonal immunoglobulins and antiidiotypic antibodies causes increased consumption of C1q and C1 inhibitor in patients with acquired angioedema and C1-inhibitor deficiency. We propose that the subsequent activation of the early components of complement leads to increased vascular permeability and to angioedema and that these patients have a disease caused by antiidiotypic antibodies.
Accurate Cell-Centered Discretizations for Modeling Multiphase Flow in Porous Media on General Hexahedral and Simplicial Grids (2012)

Summary We introduce an accurate cell-centered method for modeling Darcy flow on general quadrilateral, hexahedral, and simplicial grids. We refer to these discretizations as the multipoint-flux mixed-finite-element (MFMFE) method. The MFMFE method is locally conservative with continuous fluxes and can be viewed within a variational framework as a mixed finite-element method with special approximating spaces and quadrature rules. We study two versions of the method: with a symmetric quadrature rule on smooth grids and a nonsymmetric quadrature rule on rough grids. The framework allows for handling hexahedral grids with nonplanar faces defined by trilinear mappings from the reference cube. Moreover, the MFMFE method allows for local elimination of the velocity, which leads to a cell-centered pressure system. Theoretical and numerical results demonstrate first-order convergence on rough grids. Second-order superconvergence is observed on smooth grids. We also discuss a new splitting scheme for modeling multiphase flows that can treat higher-order transport discretizations for saturations. We apply the MFMFE method to obtain physically consistent approximations to the velocity and a reference pressure on quadrilateral or hexahedral grids, and a discontinuous Galerkin method for saturations. For higher-order saturations, we propose an efficient post-processing technique that gives accurate velocities in the interior of the gridblocks. Computational results are provided for flow in highly heterogeneous reservoirs, including different capillary pressures arising from different rock types.
Hemodynamic Effects of Angiotensin II and Bradykinin Infused Intraventricularly in Conscious Dogs (1984)

A1 though angiotensin I1 (A-11) is a potent direct vasoconstrictor and bradykinin (BK) a potent direct vasodilator, both peptides elicit pressor responses when administered intraventricular ly (IVT) (1). The cardiac and regional changes associated with this rise in pressure in conscious animals remain undocumented. In addition, it is difficult to evaluate t he relative potency of these neuropeptides, since the data reported have been obtained using different doses, species, and anesthetics. The differences between the hemod namic roperties of A-I1 administered IVT or intravenously {IV~ are afso unclear for similar reasons. such a comparison might be of interest to discuss the potential role of these peptides in the central r egulation of blood pressure, especially since the AV3V, a paraventricular region, has been demonstrated to be implicated in the central pressor effect of A-11 in dogs (2). This study was desi ned to investigate and compare the hemodynamic properties of ?/ IVT infusions of A-I1 and BK and 2/ IVT vs IV A-I1 infusions in awake chronically instrumented dogs.
Emulsion Stabilization, Breaking, and Inversion Depends upon Formulation: Advantage or Inconvenience in Flow Assurance (2012)

Emulsion type and stability are directly linked to the physicochemical formulation, which controls the interfacial interactions of the surfactant with the oil and water phases. During petroleum production processes, emulsions have to be stabilized, broken, or inverted and the formulation has to be adjusted to attain the required property. This is, in particular, the way to reach a proper rheology that insures the flow. If the formulation is not controlled, unwelcome changes, such as phase inversion, can take place and plug the porous medium or the pipeline through which a multiphase system is transported. Three specific cases still under development are discussed as critically depending upon formulation: displacement in porous medium during surfactant flooding for enhanced oil recovery, heavy crude oil emulsified transport in the pipeline, and control of the gas hydrate slurry in deep subsea transportation.
Maillard Reaction Products as Encapsulants for Fish Oil Powders (2006)

ABSTRACT The use of Maillard reaction products for encapsulation of fish oil was investigated. Fish oil was emulsified with heated aqueous mixtures comprising a protein source (Na caseinate, whey protein isolate, soy protein isolate, or skim milk powder) and carbohydrates (glucose, dried glucose syrup, oligosaccharide) and spray‐dried for the production of 50% oil powders. The extent of the Maillard reaction was monitored using L *, a *, b * values and absorbance at 465 nm. Encapsulation efficiency was gauged by measurement of solvent‐extractable fat and the oxidative stability of the fish oil powder, which was determined by assessment of headspace propanal after storage of powders at 35 °C for 4 wk. Increasing the heat treatment (60 °C to 100 °C for 30 to 90 min) of sodium caseinate‐glucose‐glucose syrup mixtures increased Maillard browning but did not change their encapsulation efficiency. The encapsulation efficiency of all heated sodium caseinate‐glucose‐glucose syrup mixtures was high, as indicated by the low solvent‐extractable fat in powder (&lt;2% powder, w/w). However, increasing the severity of the heat treatment of the sodium caseinate‐glucose‐glucose syrup mixtures reduced the susceptibility of the fish oil powder to oxidation. The increased protection afforded to fish oil in powders by increasing the temperature‐time treatment of protein‐carbohydrate mixtures before emulsification and drying was observed irrespective of the protein (sodium caseinate, whey protein isolate, soy protein isolate, or skim milk powder) and carbohydrate (glucose, glucose/dried glucose syrup, or oligosaccharide/dried glucose syrup) sources used in the formulation. Maillard reaction products produced by heat treatment of aqueous protein‐carbohydrate mixtures were effective for protecting microencapsulated fish oil and other oils (evening primrose oil, milk fat) from oxidation.
Ideal fluid properties for optimizing absorption heat pump performance (1987)

This report focuses on defining the fluid properties that will optimize the performance of a heat pump cycle. A simple heat pump computer model in conjunction with a parametric binary solution model is coupled to a computer code that searches for optimum values. The code determines the values of the parameters that maximize the thermal performance of the heat pump. The set of parameters is thermodynamically consistent. This set describes an ideal fluid with which single-effect cycle performance of 90% of Carnot is possible. The ideal fluid properties are a guide toward the properties that real fluids must exhibit in order to enhance the thermal performance of single-effect cycles.
On Refining Ill-Defined Constraint Problems: A Case Study in Iterative Prototyping (1999)

In this paper we describe an iterative development process to deal with speculative constraint optimization projects. Speculative projects are ill-defined in nature, as they are often new to the customer organization who wishes to anticipate market changes, but also because their main complexity lies in completing the problem definition. We consider one speculative application tackled in the Chic-2 Esprit project by different partners: Risk management in the area of energy trading1. The ill-defined and incomplete components of the problem are: 1) model adequacy, 2) multi-criteria objective, and 3) forecast data. We show how the constraint technology can help refining the problem definition by building iterative models and methods to address the incomplete parts incrementally. Each partner applied his own technology using constraint programming, mathematical programming and local search techniques. Finally we discuss the new potentials for constraint technology to deal with stochastic problems. 1.
Element-Specific Evaluation of Magnetic Moments in Ferrimagnetic Mn2VAl Heusler Epitaxial Thin Films (2010)

We successfully fabricated L21-ordered Mn2VAl Heusler thin films and evaluated their ferrimagnetic properties by soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The buffer layers and annealing temperatures were varied to prepare the Mn2VAl films. We discovered that Mn2VAl could be ordered in an L21 phase well when it was deposited directly onto an MgO (001) single crystalline substrate. The maximum values of L21 and B2 long-range order parameters we obtained were about 0.5 for both phases for samples without a buffer layer, when substrates were heated at 500°C or 600°C. The saturation magnetization (Ms) for these samples was roughly 150 emu/cc. This is rather small compared to that expected from the ideal Slater-Pauling behavior, which might be due to the suppressed degree of L21 or B2 ordering. Ferrimagnetism in the Mn2VAl, ferrimagnetic coupling between Mn and V moments was clearly observed by using the XMCD technique in well-ordered L21-Mn2VAl film as has been predicted in theoretical investigations.
UP‐PCR Genotyping and rDNA Analysis of <i>Ascochyta pisi</i> Lib (1998)

Abstract Isolates of Ascochyta pisi , previously identified as separate pathotypes, were genotyped by rDNA‐RFLP and UP‐PCR using 8 UP‐primers and 2 arbitrary primers individually or in pair‐wise combinations. The appearance of polymorphic UP‐PCR products for all studied isolates facilitated their differentiation. The markers were suitable in identifying isolates, and may be useful for developing isolate‐ or pathotype‐specific PCR‐based diagnostic assays. In studying genetic relatedness by UP‐PCR among A. pisi isolates, two distinct clusters were revealed. rDNA analysis of the isolates based on endo‐ntjclease digestion of amplified ITSl and 1TS2‐25S nuclear rDNA regions did not separate the isolates, whereas the variabihty of the isolates using UP‐PCR was more than 40%.
Appreciation of the Machinations of the Blind Watchmaker (2008)

Engineers and biologists will have to meet each other half way so that an effective field can be coherently created.
Funktionalisierung von C‐H‐Bindungen: neue Synthesemethoden für Naturstoffe und Pharmazeutika (2012)

Abstract Die direkte Funktionalisierung von C‐H‐Bindungen in organischen Molekülen hat sich in jüngster Zeit zu einer wirksamen und idealen Methode entwickelt, mit der Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐ und Kohlenstoff‐Heteroatom‐Bindungen geknüpft werden können. Der Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Strategien, die durch Funktionalisierung von C‐H‐Bindungen eine rasche Synthese von biologisch aktiven Verbindungen wie Naturstoffen und pharmazeutischen Zielsubstanzen ermöglichen.
Pharmacogenomics in cardiovascular disorders: Steps in approaching personalized medicine in cardiovascular medicine (2009)

Some of the most commonly prescribed medications are those for cardiovascular maladies. The beneficial effects of these medications have been well documented. However, there can be substantial variation in response to these medications among patients, which may be due to genetic variation. For this reason pharmacogenomic studies are emerging across all aspects of cardiovascular medicine. The goal of pharmacogenomics is to tailor treatment to an individual's genetic makeup in order to improve the benefit-to-risk ratio. This review examines the potential pharmacogenomic parameters which may lead to a future of personalized medicine. For example, it has been found that patients with CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene variations have a different response to warfarin. Other studies looking at β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics and statins have shown some results linking genetic variations to pharmacologic response. However these studies have not impacted clinical use yet, unlike warfarin findings, as the small retrospective studies need to be followed up by larger prospective studies for definitive results.