gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Reflectance Spectroscopy for Prospective Studies on Breast Cancer Risk in adolescent Girls (2006)

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006

A15 

Prospective studies on diet and lifestyle effects on future breast cancer risk in young girls typically rely on establishing correlations between risk factors, and serum sex or growth hormones. Quantitative physical information on developing breast tissue is limited to breast density derived from DEXA at a cost of ionizing radiation exposure and the associated dose penalty. Near-infrared Optical Reflectance Spectroscopy (ORS) uses light to access structural and metabolic bulk tissue properties, providing quantitative physical and physiological information. Here we want to evaluate the ability of ORS to detect physiological and chromophore changes between different Tanner stages of breast development. Measurements were obtained from 7 adolescent girls ages 10 - 14 years. Spectrally resolved reflected light from 2 radial distances, 1.5 and 3.0cm, providing different sample depth, is detected. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the spectral data and generate individual scores, representing physiologic and morphologic tissue information. Four principle components were identified accounting for 99.92% of the spectral variance. Radial distances and hence tissue volume interrogation, had an impact on ORS parameters t1, t2 and t4 (all at p<0.05, 2-tail independent t-test). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between t3 (r=-0.462, p<0.001) and increasing breast Tanner stages; t4 (r=0.240, p<0.011) showed a reverse relationship. r values were strengthened when adjusted for menarche status and radial distances. ORS may provide an alternative tool to DEXA to identify morphologic and physiologic changes to the breast tissue resulting from an intervention during the adolescent years, and will enable a much-improved sampling rate throughout the intervention.
Resonance Raman Active Vibrations of Blue Copper Proteins. Normal Coordinate Analysis on 169-Atom Model (1990)

Abstract Normal coordinate analyses were performed for three crystallographically defined blue copper proteins: Alcaligenes denitrificans azurin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin, and poplar leaf plastocyanin. A maximum of 485 internal coordinates were specified from a model constructed by the analyzed coordinates of the 169 atoms around the type-1 blue copper site. Mass-group approximation was employed for CH, CH2, CH3, NH, and NH2 groups throughout. With the use of reasonable force constant values, the standard GF calculation method always gives rise to extensive couplings of Cu–S(cysteine) stretching coordinate to the bending coordinates widely distributed in the molecule. Several normal vibrational modes having appreciable PED values of the Cu–S(cysteine) stretching coordinate are correlated with the characteristic RR lines of the blue copper proteins in the 370–450 cm−1 region. Our data indicate that the protein-sensitive variation of the RR pattern might be ascribed to a difference in the peptide structure around the blue copper site, rather than to the structure of the Cu coordination sphere, itself.
Compatibility of elastomers in hydrogen environments: interactions of fillers and plasticizers with hydrogen. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
A Closed Form Solution for the Sum Rate of Multiple Random Beamforming (2009)

In this letter, a closed form of the sum rate for multiple random beamforming is derived. A numerical evaluation verifies the tightness of the proposed solution to sample average of the sum rate.
Data from Effects of Co-occurring Genomic Alterations on Outcomes in Patients with &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; mutations occur in approximately 25% of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the uniform presence of &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; mutations, patients with &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant NSCLC can have a heterogeneous clinical course. As the pattern of co-occurring mutations may describe different biological subsets of patients with &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, we explored the effects of co-occurring mutations on patient outcomes and response to therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We identified patients with advanced &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant NSCLC and evaluated the most common co-occurring genomic alterations. Multivariate analyses were performed incorporating the most frequent co-mutations and clinical characteristics to evaluate association with overall survival as well as response to platinum–pemetrexed chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Among 330 patients with advanced &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant lung cancers, the most frequent co-mutations were found in &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; (42%), &lt;i&gt;STK11&lt;/i&gt; (29%), and &lt;i&gt;KEAP1&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;NFE2L2&lt;/i&gt; (27%). In a multivariate analysis, there was a significantly shorter survival in patients with co-mutations in &lt;i&gt;KEAP1&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;NFE2L2&lt;/i&gt; [HR, 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33–2.92; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.001]. &lt;i&gt;STK11&lt;/i&gt; (HR, 1.3; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.22) and &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; (HR 1.11, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.58) co-mutation statuses were not associated with survival. Co-mutation in &lt;i&gt;KEAP1&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;NFE2L2&lt;/i&gt; was also associated with shorter duration of initial chemotherapy (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.04–2.59; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03) and shorter overall survival from initiation of immune therapy (HR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.55–8.11; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Among people with &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant advanced NSCLC, &lt;i&gt;TP53, STK11&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;KEAP1&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;NFE2L2&lt;/i&gt; are the most commonly co-occurring somatic genomic alterations. Co-mutation of &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;KEAP1&lt;/i&gt;/ &lt;i&gt;NFE2L2&lt;/i&gt; is an independent prognostic factor, predicting shorter survival, duration of response to initial platinum-based chemotherapy, and survival from the start of immune therapy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 334–40. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Medium Conditioned for 24 Hours by Mononuclear Human Blood Cells Contains an Inducer of Granulopoiesis Lacking Colony Stimulating Activity (1981)

Regulation of granulocyte and macrophage formation was studied by a modified CFU-C assay. Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in methylcellulose in vitro. After colony counting on d 7, the cells were washed out to determine the total cell number per plate, and the distribution of granulocytes and macrophages in smears. By this procedure it was possible to study pathway-specific regulators. The colony stimulating factor in medium conditioned by mouse L-cells appeared specific for the macrophage cell line; 99% of the colony cells were macrophages. Medium conditioned for 24 h by mononuclear cells from human blood, had no colony forming capacity, but increased colony size and generated significant granulocyte production when combined with L-CSF. This granulopoiesis inducing factor was thermo-labile, and was mostly retained by an Amicon filter separating molecules at 100 000 daltons.
Pseudo-spectral time-domain analysis of second harmonic generation in 2-D nonlinear photonic crystals (2004)

This study employs a direct Maxwell's equations solver based on a pseudo-spectral time-domain (PSTD) method to numerically investigate second harmonic generation (SHG) processes in nonlinear photonic crystals (NPCs). Compared to a standard finite-difference time-domain technique, the implemented fourth-order-accurate-in-time PSTD algorithm offers significant improvements in computational efficiency and accuracy for modeling phase-sensitive electromagnetic wave interactions in nonlinear optical materials.
Thin Solid Electrolyte Separators for Solid-State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2022)

The lithium-sulfur battery is one of the most promising "beyond Li-ion" battery chemistries owing to its superior gravimetric energy density and low cost. Nonetheless, its commercialization has been hindered by its low cycle life due to the polysulfide shuttle and nonuniform Li-metal plating and stripping. Thin and dense solid electrolyte separators could address these issues without compromising on energy density. Here, we introduce a novel argyrodite (Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl)-carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) composite thin solid electrolyte separator (TSE) (<50 μm) processed by a scalable calendering technique and compatible with Li-metal. When integrated in a full cell with a commercial tape-cast sulfur cathode (3.54 mg<sub><i>S</i></sub> cm<sup>-2</sup>) in the presence of an in situ polymerized lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-polydioxolane catholyte and a 100 μm Li-metal foil anode, we demonstrate stable cycling for 50 cycles under realistic operating conditions (stack pressure of <1 MPa and 30 °C).
Passivation of Surfaces within Aluminum Etch Tunnels (1991)

Transient events accompanying passivation of active surfaces in aluminum etch tunnels are investigated. Passivation is induced by pulsed reductions of the anodic etching current, of several milliseconds duration. Scanning electron microscopy is used to measure the area passivated. Potential transients are analyzed to identify a possible potential driving force for passivation. For the experimental conditions of this work, at 0.13 ms after the current step, there is a temporary reduction in the metal dissolution current in tunnels. The change in dissolution current is proportional to the cathodic surface overpotential, relative to the critical repassivation potential. The transient reduction in dissolution current is associated with passivation, since no variation in dissolution current with potential is observed during steady tunnel growth. Surface changes resulting in permanent passivation occur later, at times between 3 and 12 ms after the current step.
Eosinophil degranulation. An immunologic determinant in the pathogenesis of the Mazzotti reaction in human onchocerciasis. (1990)

Onchocerciasis patients treated with diethylcarbamazine often undergo a severe inflammatory response, the Mazzotti reaction. To assess the eosinophil's role in the pathogenesis of the Mazzotti reaction, we obtained serial blood, plasma, and skin biopsy specimens from 21 heavily infected patients and 3 endemic controls, both before and during therapy with diethylcarbamazine. Samples were analyzed for blood eosinophils, plasma levels of eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, eosinophil infiltration and eosinophil and mast cell degranulation in the skin. After the first dose of diethylcarbamazine, blood eosinophils fell from a pre-treatment level of 888 +/- 111 to 203 +/- 42 cells/mm3 at 8 h. This decrease was followed by a marked eosinophilia developing over the remaining 7 days of treatment and 14 days of follow-up. Plasma eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels increased from 56 +/- 4 ng/ml pretreatment to a peak of 82 +/- 9 ng/ml at 8 h and returned to pretreatment levels by 48 h. Beginning at 12 h, plasma MBP levels increased from 730 +/- 74 ng/ml pretreatment to a peak of 1140 +/- 74 ng/ml after 5 days. Pretreatment skin biopsies stained for MBP by immunofluorescence showed a bright fibrillar pattern in the dermis consistent with chronic eosinophil degranulation; the MBP was localized on elastic tissue fibers. After treatment, skin biopsy specimens showed both the pretreatment fibrillar MBP staining pattern as well as focal eosinophil degranulation. Deposition of MBP around microfilariae in the papillary dermis was visible as early as 1.5 h. The lowest blood eosinophil levels and peak plasma eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels coincided with the infiltration and degranulation of eosinophils in the skin. Mast cell degranulation in the skin was maximal by the first posttreatment biopsy (1.5 h) coincident with the beginning of eosinophil degranulation. Although the pathogenesis of the Mazzotti reaction is clearly complex, our results indicate that eosinophil degranulation is characteristic of the response and that it occurs with a time course suggestive of a role for the eosinophil in determining the clinical and pathologic manifestations of the reaction.
1024 REPEATED JUMP POWER AT VARYING JUMP RATES (1993)

Bainbridge, C. H.; Miller, D. J.; Fahrenbach, B. W.; Reid, R. C.; White, A. T. Author Information
Degradation Mechanisms for GaN and GaAs High Speed Transistors (2012)

We present a review of reliability issues in AlGaN/GaN and AlGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) as well as Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) in the AlGaAs/GaAs materials systems. Because of the complex nature and multi-faceted operation modes of these devices, reliability studies must go beyond the typical Arrhenius accelerated life tests. We review the electric field driven degradation in devices with different gate metallization, device dimensions, electric field mitigation techniques (such as source field plate), and the effect of device fabrication processes for both DC and RF stress conditions. We summarize the degradation mechanisms that limit the lifetime of these devices. A variety of contact and surface degradation mechanisms have been reported, but differ in the two device technologies: For HEMTs, the layers are thin and relatively lightly doped compared to HBT structures and there is a metal Schottky gate that is directly on the semiconductor. By contrast, the HBT relies on pn junctions for current modulation and has only Ohmic contacts. This leads to different degradation mechanisms for the two types of devices.
3D current density reconstruction on a fuel cell simulator by external magnetic field measurements (2017)

International audience
A KRAS-responsive long non-coding RNA controls microRNA processing (2021)

Wild-type KRAS (KRAS<sup>WT</sup>) amplification has been shown to be a secondary means of KRAS activation in cancer and associated with poor survival. Nevertheless, the precise role of KRAS<sup>WT</sup> overexpression in lung cancer progression is largely unexplored. Here, we identify and characterize a KRAS-responsive lncRNA, KIMAT1 (ENSG00000228709) and show that it correlates with KRAS levels both in cell lines and in lung cancer specimens. Mechanistically, KIMAT1 is a MYC target and drives lung tumorigenesis by promoting the processing of oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) through DHX9 and NPM1 stabilization while halting the biogenesis of miRNAs with tumor suppressor function via MYC-dependent silencing of p21, a component of the Microprocessor Complex. KIMAT1 knockdown suppresses not only KRAS expression but also KRAS downstream signaling, thereby arresting lung cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study uncovers a role for KIMAT1 in maintaining a positive feedback loop that sustains KRAS signaling during lung cancer progression and provides a proof of principle that interfering with KIMAT1 could be a strategy to hamper KRAS-induced tumorigenesis.
Investigating molecular transport in the human brain from MRI with physics-informed neural networks (2022)

In recent years, a plethora of methods combining neural networks and partial differential equations have been developed. A widely known example are physics-informed neural networks, which solve problems involving partial differential equations by training a neural network. We apply physics-informed neural networks and the finite element method to estimate the diffusion coefficient governing the long term spread of molecules in the human brain from magnetic resonance images. Synthetic testcases are created to demonstrate that the standard formulation of the physics-informed neural network faces challenges with noisy measurements in our application. Our numerical results demonstrate that the residual of the partial differential equation after training needs to be small for accurate parameter recovery. To achieve this, we tune the weights and the norms used in the loss function and use residual based adaptive refinement of training points. We find that the diffusion coefficient estimated from magnetic resonance images with physics-informed neural networks becomes consistent with results from a finite element based approach when the residuum after training becomes small. The observations presented here are an important first step towards solving inverse problems on cohorts of patients in a semi-automated fashion with physics-informed neural networks.
Medications Available for Weight Reduction in Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty (2020)

Arthroplasty in patients with elevated body mass index results in increased rates of reoperation, instability, revision, and infection. Preoperative weight loss may reduce the complication rate associated with orthopaedic surgery. In addition to lifestyle modification, anti-obesity medications are available to help patients to reduce their preoperative weight. Currently, there are 6 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-obesity medications in the United States: phentermine, orlistat, phentermine with topiramate extended release (ER), lorcaserin, sustained release (SR) naltrexone with bupropion, and liraglutide. Anti-obesity medications potentially provide a new way to optimize patients before surgery and to ensure successful recovery postoperatively.
Teammate Advanced Drive System Using Automated Driving Technology (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Woven Core, Inc. has developed Teammate Advanced Drive, a driving support system with state-of-the-art automated driving technology based on the Mobility Teammate Concept by Toyota Motor Corporation. Teammate Advanced Drive enables intelligent Ramp to Ramp hands-off driving on highways. The system features a self-localization estimation system that uses an HD-Map (High Definition Map) and high-level redundancy across sensors, computing, actuators, power supplies, and data communication. The system also includes digital data uploading and downloading capabilities wirelessly OTA (Over the Air) in order to provide customers the latest map updates as well as new software features and upgraded performance. A number of characteristically unique sensors have been combined to monitor the entire perimeter of the vehicle with high reliability. The perception system combines sensing data from radars, newly developed LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), and cameras for redundant omnidirectional detection. Teammate Advanced Drive provides high-performance computing by combining multiple advanced SoC (System on Chip) and highly reliable MCU (Micro Controller Unit), in order to achieve real-time execution of multi-processing system components, including deep neural networks. In order to provide enhanced safety, a fail-safe operation system, which utilizes a high-redundancy structure, has been developed to takeover for the driver when a malfunction or a system limitation is detected. This includes an Emergency Driving Stop System, which is able to guide the vehicle to the road shoulder if the system detects that the human driver is incapacitated or otherwise unable to drive the vehicle manually.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Rapid molecular diagnosis of mutations associated with generalized thyroid hormone resistance by PCR‐coupled automated direct sequencing of genomic DNA: Detection of two novel mutations (1996)

Generalized thyroid hormone resistance (GTHR) is a syndrome characterized by tissue nonresponsiveness to thyroid hormones and by variable clinical phenotype manifestations. This syndrome has also been implicated as a predisposing factor in some cases of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). GTHR results from single mutations in the gene encoding the thyroid hormone receptor. These mutations are clustered in two major sites surrounding the ligand-binding domain. Mutations in 10 previously described patients as well as in five new THR cases have been identified using PCR amplification of genomic DNA coupled with automated direct sequencing with commercially available “universal” fluorescent dye-labeled primers. This strategy allows for the accurate and automated base-calling of normal and mutated nucleotides at the same position in a heterozygote. The rapid molecular diagnostic protocol, from whole blood to DNA sequence data, takes approximately 15 hr, allowing for rapid, efficient, and unambiguous direct detection of the mutant alleles. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Multiple Daily Injection Regimens in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Open Crossover Trial (2003)

Intensive insulin therapy by either insulin pump or MDI is safe in children and young adolescents with type 1 diabetes, with similar diabetes control and a very low rate of adverse events. We suggest that both modes be available to the diabetic team to better tailor therapy.
Ordered Interference Alignment in MIMO Interference Channel with Limited Feedback (2012)

간섭정렬(Interference Alignment : IA)은 높은 신호 대 잡음 비(Signal to Noise Ratio : SNR)에서 다중 사용자 간섭 채널에서 도달 가능한 최대 자유도를 얻을 수 있는 데이터 전송 기법이다. 그러나 대부분의 간섭정렬에 대한 연구는 네트워크 내의 모든 채널의 정보를 송, 수신단에서 완벽하게 알아야 하는 비현실적인 가정에 기반을 둔다. 본 논문에서는 K 사용자 다중안테나 간섭채널에서 간섭정렬을 위한 채널 상태 정보 (Channel-State Information : CSI)의 궤환 량을 효율적으로 감소시킬 수 있는 CSI 궤환 구조를 제안한다. 기존의 IA기법은 K의 2차함수의 형태로 궤환 오버헤드가 증가하는 반면, 제안된 궤환 구조는 송, 수신 단 사이에서 계산된 IA 송신기의 순차적인 교환을 통하여 K에 선형적으로 증가하는 오버헤드를 갖는다. 또한, 주어진 궤환 구조 하에서 제한된 궤환 채널에 의한 잔여 간섭의 세기를 분석하였으며, 이 때 발생하는 잔여 간섭을 최소화 할 수 있는 IA 조건, 즉, 주어진 채널환경에 따라 각 수신단에서 잔여 간섭을 최소화할 수 있는 최적의 IA 쌍을 순차적으로 결정하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. Interference alignment (IA) is a data transmission technique that achieves the maximum degrees-of-freedom (DoF) in the multiuser interference channel for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). However, most prior works on IA are based on the unrealistic assumption that perfect and global channel-state information (CSI) is available at all transmitters and receivers. In this paper, we propose the efficient design of feedback framework for IA that substantially suppresses the feedback overhead. While the feedback overhead in the conventional IA quadratically increases with K, the proposed feedback scheme supports the sequential exchange of computed IA precoders between transmitters and receivers and reduces the feedback overhead that linearly scales with K. Moreover, we analyze the residual interference due to the quantization error in limited feedback and propose the ordered IA algorithm that selects IA pair to minimize the sum residual interference in given channel realizations.
Hypersensitivity to carrot associated with specific IgE to grass and tree pollens (1996)

This study deals with a 34-year-old female cook with no previous history of atopy, who was studied because of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and contact urticaria in both hands associated with severe itching when she handled raw carrot. The patient had had anaphylactic episodes after accidental ingestion of raw carrots, but she tolerated cooked carrots. Skin prick tests with carrot, celery, and olive, and birch, grass, and mugwort pollens were positive. Total IgE was 411 UI/ml. Specific IgE to olive, grass, and weed pollens were 10.92, 6.17, and 2.4 AU/ml, respectively. The histamine release test was positive for carrot, celery, celeriac, and olive pollen up to a dilution of 1/10(6). Immunoblot of raw carrot showed a single IgE-binding 18-kDa band. IgE reactivity for raw carrot immunoblot was completely inhibited by carrot and by celery, but not by olive or grass pollens. Specific IgE to olive pollen was not inhibited by carrot. The existence of monosensitization to an 18-kDa protein in carrot and specific IgE to olive pollen has not been reported in the celery-carrot-mugwort-spice syndrome.