gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knowing the Unknown: Open-set Bacteria Classification in Gram Stain Microscopic Images (2023)

The identification of bacteria species is an important aspect of microbiology, but it can be expensive, laborious and time-consuming. Using computer-aided classification can signifi-cantly reduce the cost and time of diagnosing bacteria subtypes. However, commonly used image recognition models are close-set classification models, and they assume full knowledge of the world. That is, all testing classes are known at training time. Such an assumption cannot be always valid in real-world applications. Open-set recognition models have the ability to both classify known instances and detect unknown samples of novel classes. This work aims to tackle the problem of bacteria subtyping from an open-set perspective. Our framework, OpenGram, combines a convolutional neural network classifier with a Gaussian mixtures model to adapt to open-set classification. The results demonstrate OpenGram's ability to correctly detect unknown bacteria classes that were unseen by the network during training as well as classify known bacteria classes. Our experiments showed that OpenGram was capable of accurately classifying bacteria subtypes under open-set setting at up to 99.33% F1 score and 99.70% AUC.
A simple low-current scanning tunneling microscope (1996)

A rigid scanning tunneling microscope design with an easily implemented two-dimensional approach is presented. Also described is a simple current–voltage converter optimized for low-current (pA) applications. Capabilities of the microscope include atomic resolution on Au(111) and molecular resolution of poorly conducting self-assembled monolayers.
The Thermal Electrical Conductivity Probe (TECP) for Phoenix (2009)

The Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe (TECP) is a component of the Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA) payload on the Phoenix Lander. TECP will measure the temperature, thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of the regolith. It will also detect and quantify the population of mobile H2O molecules in the regolith, if any, throughout the polar summer, by measuring the electrical conductivity of the regolith, as well as the dielectric permittivity. In the vapor phase, TECP is capable of measuring the atmospheric H2O vapor abundance, as well as augment the wind velocity measurements from the meteorology instrumentation. TECP is mounted near the end of the 2.3 m Robotic Arm, and can be placed either in the regolith material or held aloft in the atmosphere. This paper describes the development and calibration of the TECP. In addition, substantial characterization of the instrument has been conducted to identify behavioral characteristics that might affect landed surface operations. The greatest potential issue identified in characterization tests is the extraordinary sensitivity of the TECP to placement. Small gaps alter the contact between the TECP and regolith, complicating data interpretation. Testing with the Phoenix Robotic Arm identified mitigation techniques that will be implemented during flight. A flight model of the instrument was also field tested in the Antarctic Dry Valleys during the 2007-2008 International Polar year. 2
Magnetic anisotropy and reversal mechanisms in dual layer exchanged coupled perpendicular media (2008)

We report the magnetic properties of perpendicular media with a layered structure in which a high anisotropy, segregated, granular CoCrPt-oxide base layer is capped by a lower anisotropy CoCrPt-based film. Anisotropy field (Hk) data show that for the thickness of oxide media studied here, the measured value of Hk remains constant as cap thickness increases. This provides strong evidence that the anisotropy of the composite grain is controlled by the hard oxide layer and is not a simple average of the anisotropy of the oxide and cap layers. The reversal mechanism is explored by determining the angle dependent switching as a function of cap thickness. In the absence of a cap layer, the media show a Stoner–Wohlfarth-like reversal which becomes more Kondorsky-like [1∕cos(θ)] when a critical cap thickness is reach, which we interpret as indicating greater lateral exchange coupling.
METALLIC CONDUCTION OF DIAMOND LAYERS CONTAINING NANOSIZE <font>Nd</font> DISPERSIONS (1999)

Composite layers containing nanosized Nd grains dispersed in a diamond matrix have been produced by a new CVD-based technique. The electrical characterization performed in the range of 120-500 K shows a metal-like behaviour, with conductivity values reaching 2.8×106 Ohm-1 cm-1
Oxidative Stress Markers Correlate with Renal Dysfunction and Thrombocytopenia in Severe Leptospirosis (2014)

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that causes severe manifestations such as Weil's disease and pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) levels are related to complications in patients hospitalized with leptospirosis. The ROS production and GSH levels were measured in blood samples of 12 patients and nine healthy controls using chemiluminescence and absorbance assays. We found that ROS production was higher and GSH levels were lower in leptospirosis patients compared with healthy individuals. Among patients, GSH depletion was correlated with thrombocytopenia and elevated serum creatinine, whereas a strong positive correlation was observed between ROS production and elevated serum potassium. Additional investigation of the biological significance of ROS production and GSH levels is warranted as they may guide the development of novel adjuvant therapies for leptospirosis targeting oxidative stress.
Exploring dynamic functional connectivity alterations in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study from SILCODE (2022)

Our findings suggest SCD-related alterations could be more reflected by dynamic FC than static FC, and the alterations are associated with global SUVr.
Magnetic Cellular Switches (2004)

This paper focuses on the development of magnetic cellular switches to enable magnetic control of intracellular functions in living mammalian cells, including receptor signal transduction and gene transcription. Our approach takes advantage of the mechanosensitivity of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) induction and downstream transcription controlled by the cAMP regulatory element (CRE) to engineer gene constructs that optically report gene expression in living cells. We activate transcription of these gene reporters by applying magnetic (mechanical) stress to magnetic microbeads bound to cell surface integrin receptors. In these gene reporter constructs, CRE motifs drive the expression of fluorescent proteins or enzymes that produce fluorescent products, such as DsRed and β-lactamase (BLA), respectively. We demonstrate that a chemical inducer of cAMP (forskolin) increases expression of CRE-DsRed in living cells. More importantly, a threefold increase in CRE-BLA expression is induced by application of mechanical stress to magnetic microbeads (4.5 µm) bound to cell surface integrin receptors. Induction of cAMP could be detected within 5 min using a protein fragment complementation assay involving interactions between the KID and KIX domains of the CRE binding protein linked to complementary halves of the BLA enzyme. These studies confirm that application of magnetic stress to integrins induces gene transcription by activating the cAMP-dependent transcription factor CREB. Ongoing studies focus on optimizing sensitivity and reducing signal-to-noise by establishing stable cell lines that express these gene reporters. These studies collectively demonstrate the feasibility of using magnetic technologies to control function in living mammalian cells and, hence, support the possibility of developing magnetically-actuated cellular components for use in future micro- and nanotechnologies.
Reliability analysis and mitigation of near threshold caches (2017)

Energy reduction has become an important issue in the design of battery-powered devices for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this regard, lowering the supply voltage close to transistor threshold voltage, commonly known as Near Threshold Computing (NTC), has been a widely used approach to reduce the energy consumption of various designs. However, the energy-saving potential of NTC is hindered by various factors such as variation-induced functional failures of caches. To address this issue and get utmost NTC benefits, we provide a comprehensive analysis of memory failure mechanisms and propose proper mitigation scheme for near threshold caches. In this work, aging and variation-induced memory failures are analyzed first by incorporating device and circuit level models. Afterwards, we employ Built-in Self- Test (BIST) to identify the lowest voltage limit at which each memory block can properly operate. Then, a mitigation scheme is developed by disabling unreliable portion of the cache and mapping their accesses to the reliable portion. Our evaluation using 16KByte cache shows the proposed mitigation scheme can effectively address permanent and transient memory failures and achieve more than 30% energy-saving of near threshold caches with less than 10% reduction in effective cache size and almost negligible increase in cache miss rate.
Association of home blood pressure with sleep and physical and mental activity, assessed via a wristwatch-type pulsimeter with accelerometer in adults (2019)

This study aimed to examine the associations between home blood pressure (HBP) and sleep and activity assessed using data obtained via a wristwatch-type pulsimeter with accelerometer (Pulsense®) using original software. We recruited 28 elderlies and 40 employees aged 24-81 years who were not on hypotensive agents and sleeping drugs. Sleep, activity, and HBP were measured consecutively over a 5-7-day period. Body mass index (BMI), base heart rate (HR<sub>0</sub>), and age showed significant correlation with HBP in a simple and multiple linear regression analysis. HR<sub>0</sub> was positively, and log deep sleep duration, negatively correlated with HBP in the adjusted multiple linear regression analysis. Physical and mental activities were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a simple linear regression, but high physical and mental activities tend to reduce deep sleep duration. Self-recorded sleep duration had no relationship with HBP. In conclusion, HR<sub>0</sub>, BMI, age, deep sleep duration, and activity showed relationships with HBP. Using this type of wristwatch and observing daily sleep and activity data with HBP measurement may have important clinical implication.
Sol–gel synthesis and <i>in vitro</i> bioactivity of copper and zinc-doped silicate bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics (2015)

Metal doping of bioactive glasses based on ternary 60SiO2-36CaO-4P2O5 (58S) and quaternary 60SiO2-25CaO-11Na2O-4P2O5 (NaBG) mol% compositions synthesized using a sol-gel process was analyzed. In particular, the effect of incorporating 1, 5 and 10 mol% of CuO and ZnO (replacing equivalent quantities of CaO) on the texture, in vitro bioactivity, and cytocompatibility of these materials was evaluated. Our results showed that the addition of metal ions can modulate the textural property of the matrix and its crystal structure. Regarding the bioactivity, after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) undoped 58S and NaBG glasses developed an apatite surface layer that was reduced in the doped glasses depending on the type of metal and its concentration with Zn displaying the largest inhibitions. Both the ion release from samples and the ion adsorption from the medium depended on the type of matrix with 58S glasses showing the highest values. Pure NaBG glass was more cytocompatible to osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2) than pure 58S glass as tested by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The incorporation of metal ions decreased the cytocompatibility of the glasses depending on their concentration and on the glass matrix doped. Our results show that by changing the glass composition and by adding Cu or Zn, bioactive materials with different textures, bioactivity and cytocompatibility can be synthesized.
Figure S6 from ID1 Mediates Escape from TGFβ Tumor Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S6&lt;/p&gt;
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Antibodies against endogenous retroviruses promote lung cancer immunotherapy (2023)

B cells are frequently found in the margins of solid tumours as organized follicles in ectopic lymphoid organs called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS)<sup>1,2</sup>. Although TLS have been found to correlate with improved patient survival and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), the underlying mechanisms of this association remain elusive<sup>1,2</sup>. Here we investigate lung-resident B cell responses in patients from the TRACERx 421 (Tracking Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Evolution Through Therapy) and other lung cancer cohorts, and in a recently established immunogenic mouse model for lung adenocarcinoma<sup>3</sup>. We find that both human and mouse lung adenocarcinomas elicit local germinal centre responses and tumour-binding antibodies, and further identify endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope glycoproteins as a dominant anti-tumour antibody target. ERV-targeting B cell responses are amplified by ICB in both humans and mice, and by targeted inhibition of KRAS(G12C) in the mouse model. ERV-reactive antibodies exert anti-tumour activity that extends survival in the mouse model, and ERV expression predicts the outcome of ICB in human lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, we find that effective immunotherapy in the mouse model requires CXCL13-dependent TLS formation. Conversely, therapeutic CXCL13 treatment potentiates anti-tumour immunity and synergizes with ICB. Our findings provide a possible mechanistic basis for the association of TLS with immunotherapy response.
Elaboration of <i>rac</i>‐Like Active Species from Lewis Base Functionalized Unbridged Zirconocenes for Isospecific Propylene Polymerization (2008)

A series of ortho or meta Lewis base functionalized unbridged zirconocenes, [{1-(E(n)-Ph)-3,4-Me(2)C(5)H(2)}(2)ZrCl(2)] (E = NMe(2), OMe; n = 1, 2), and a half-functionalized zirconocene, [{1-(p-Me(2)NC(6)H(4))-3,4-Me(2)C(5)H(2)}{1-(p-tolyl)-3,4-Me(2)C(5)H(2)}ZrCl(2)], were prepared. The crystal structures of these compounds determined by X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of only C(2)-symmetric rac-like isomers in the asymmetric units. In combination with methylaluminoxane (MAO) cocatalyst, the meta-functionalized complexes afforded mixtures of polymers that exhibit multimelting transition temperatures and broad molecular-weight distributions (MWDs) in propylene polymerization at atmospheric monomer pressure, whereas the ortho-functionalized complexes did not give rise to polymerization. Stepwise solvent extraction of the polymer mixtures showed that the polymers consist of amorphous, moderately isotactic, and highly isotactic portions, the weight ratio of which is dependent on the reaction temperature. (13)C NMR spectral analysis indicated that the [mmmm] methyl pentad value of the isotactic portion reached around 90%. Among the meta-functionalized zirconocenes, the di-OMe-substituted one afforded the largest amount of the isotactic portion at all temperatures, and the portion comprised 82 wt % of the crude polymer obtained at 25 degrees C. In contrast, propylene polymerization with the half-functionalized unbridged zirconocene resulted in the formation of nearly atactic polypropylene with a narrow MWD of around 2. These results corroborate the proposition that the rigid rac-like cation-anion ion pair of type [rac-L(2)ZrP](+)[Me-MAO](-) generated in situ, through Lewis acid-base interactions between the functional groups and [Me-MAO](-), is responsible for the isospecific propylene polymerization with the given class of functionalized unbridged zirconocenes and further indicate that the formation of such ion pairs can be favored by difunctionalization at the meta position of the phenyl ring with OMe groups.
Classes Of Calcium Channels In Vertebrate Cells (1989)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Reduction of voltage drop and ripple in voltage multipliers (2015)

In this paper we present a novel topology for high voltage generation based on the widely used Half-Wave Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier. The proposed topology consists of several voltage multiplying sections fed separately at their inputs and whose output voltages are summated across the load. Using the proposed topology we can attain over m times higher voltage gain compared to the regular Half-Wave Cockcroft Walton voltage multiplier (m being the splitting level), while significantly reducing the output ripple. The theory is supported by simulations and experiments.
Computer-interactive system for stopped-flour kinetics with rapid scanning molecular absorption spectrometry (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-interactive system for stopped-flour kinetics with rapid scanning molecular absorption spectrometryRichard B. Coolen, Nicholas. Papadakis, James. Avery, C. G. Enke, and James L. DyeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 9, 1649–1655Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60359a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60359a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Institutional experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation (2012)

Objectives: Right ventricular failure complicating left ventricular assist device implantation (LVAD) has a poor outcome. This study was designed to determine the success of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (ECMO) for the treatment of right ventricular failure after LVAD implantation.
A Potential Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Bilirubin in Human Skin Yellowness and Its Amelioration by Sucrose Laurate/Dilaurate (2022)

Sallow and/or dull skin appearance is greatly attributable to the yellow components of skin tone. Bilirubin is a yellow chromophore known to be made in the liver and/or spleen and is transported throughout the body via the blood stream. Recent publications suggest bilirubin may be synthesized in other cells/organs, including the skin. We found human keratinocytes express the transcripts involved in bilirubin biosynthesis. In parallel, we also found human keratinocytes could indeed synthesize bilirubin in monolayer keratinocytes and in a 3D human skin-equivalent model. The synthesized amount was substantial enough to contribute to skin yellowness. In addition, oxidative stress enhanced bilirubin production. Using UnaG, a protein that forms a fluorescent species upon binding to bilirubin, we also visualized the intracellular expression of bilirubin in keratinocytes. Finally, we screened a compound library and discovered that the sucrose laurate/dilaurate (SDL) combination significantly reduced bilirubin levels, as well as bilirubin-mediated yellowness. In conclusion, bilirubin is indeed synthesized in epidermal keratinocytes and can be upregulated by oxidative stress, which could contribute to chronic or transient yellow skin tone appearance. Application of SDL diminishes bilirubin generation and may be a potential solution to mitigate yellowish and/or dull skin appearance.
Mechanistic Aspects of the Metal Catalyzed Alternating Copolymerization of Epoxides and Carbon Monoxide (2005)

The cobalt-catalyzed alternating copolymerization of epoxides and CO is a novel, direct approach to aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). This reaction was found to be catalyzed by Ph3Si[Co(CO)4] (4) and pyridine affording in a first step the stable mono-insertion product Ph3Si-O-CH(CH3)-CH2-CO-Co(CO)4 (5). However, a profound mechanistic understanding, especially of the role of pyridine as the key component for the polymerization reaction was missing. ATR-IR online monitoring under catalytic conditions and DFT calculations were used to show that an acylpyridinium cation is formed by cleavage of the cobalt-acyl bond of 5 in the presence of pyridine. The Lewis acid thus generated activates the next incoming epoxide monomer for ring opening through [Co(CO)4]-. The catalytic cycle is completed by a subsequent CO insertion in the new cobalt-alkyl bond. The calculations are used to explore the energetic hypersurface of the polymerization reaction and are complemented by extended experimental investigations that also support the mechanistic hypotheses.
Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes of Dacryoadenopexy (1996)

Forty patients underwent bilateral lacrimal gland suspension concomitant with upper and lower lid blepharoplasty. All surgery was performed by the same surgeon (BG). Twenty-eight (70%) patients were available for a mean follow-up period of 19.9 months, and 12 (30%) patients were available only for an early follow-up period (mean = 3.6 months). Of the 40 patients, 20 underwent both preoperative and postoperative Schirmer's testing. Two patients exhibited "dry eye" symptoms preoperatively. Two (5%) patients had epiphora develop postoperatively, which resolved spontaneously and six (15%) patients complained of "dry eyes," four of whom had complete resolution of their symptoms within 6 months postoperatively. Only two (5%) patients had persistent mild "dry eye" symptoms. Overall, 38 (95%) of the 40 patients were asymptomatic at their final follow-up evaluations. A correlation between Schirmer's scores and patients' symptoms could not be established. No recurrences of lacrimal gland prolapse were found in any of the 28 patients who were available for long-term follow-up.