gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of anti-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Gc and NP-specific ELISA for detection of antibodies in domestic animal sera (2022)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a priority emerging disease. CCHF, caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV), can lead to hemorrhagic fever in humans with severe cases often having fatal outcomes. CCHFV is maintained within a tick-vertebrate-tick cycle, which includes domestic animals. Domestic animals infected with CCHFV do not show clinical signs of the disease and the presence of antibodies in the serum can provide evidence of their exposure to the virus. Current serological tests are specific to either one CCHFV antigen or the whole virus antigen. Here, we present the development of two in-house ELISAs for the detection of serum IgG that is specific for two different CCHFV antigens: glycoprotein Gc (CCHFV Gc) and nucleoprotein (CCHFV NP). We demonstrate that these two assays were able to detect anti-CCHFV Gc-specific and anti-CCHFV NP-specific IgG in sheep from endemic CCHFV areas with high specificity, providing new insight into the heterogeneity of the immune response induced by natural infection with CCHFV in domestic animals.
[Amyotrophy of the extensive Charcot-Marie-Tooth type and familial acrocephalo-polysyndactylia of the Noack type (apropos of a case)]. (1978)

The separation of aromatic compounds (toluene and o-xylene) from heptane and of benzyl alcohol from toluene with aqueous solutions of cyclodextrins has been experimentally investigated, because cyclodextrins and its derivatives can selectively incorporate several organic compounds, whereas the separation of the aqueous solution of complexed cyclodextrins from the organic feed is simple. Cyclodextrins are not soluble in organic liquids, but cyclodextrin derivatives are highly soluble in water. Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrins with different degrees of substitution and methylated ß-cyclodextrin were selected for the extraction of toluene and o-xylene from heptane. Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (two different substitution degrees) and hydroxypropyl-a-cyclodextrin were selected for the extraction of benzyl alcohol from toluene. The liquid–liquid distribution experiments were carried out at room temperature. Toluene and o-xylene form 1:1 complexes with different cyclodextrins and heptane can form 1:1 to 1:3 complexes. Benzyl alcohol forms 1:3 complexes with hydroxypropylated cyclodextrins. The models developed describe the experimental data reasonably well, considering the large deviations in the analyses.\nAqueous cyclodextrin solutions are not feasible for the separation of aromatic components from aliphatic hydrocarbons, due to low distribution ratios of toluene (0.05) and o-xylene (0.023) between the aqueous and organic phase. With high distribution ratios of benzyl alcohol, between 0.3 and 2.2 depending on the CD concentration (at a solvent-to-feed ratio of 1) and a benzyl alcohol/toluene selectivity of at least 100, aqueous hydroxypropylated cyclodextrin solutions have sufficient potential for extracting benzyl alcohol from toluene.
Temperature effects on the switching of small ultrathin magnetic structures (1999)

Mechanisms for the switching of the magnetization in ultrathin small structure are summarized. The temperature dependence of the switching field for different sizes and anisotropies is studied and found to be significant. Much of the current interpretations of finite temperature experimental results on giant magnetoresistance and tunnel structures in terms of zero temperature micromagnetics calculations have not considered this problem.
Abstract 10941: Cerebral Consumption of Lactate Increases Neurological Injury After Experimental Cardiac Arrest in Rabbits (2021)

Introduction: Neuronal consumption of lactate is known to be protective after long duration of brain ischaemia. However, its consequences on neurological function after shorter duration of ischemia like after cardiac arrest are unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that cerebral lactate consumption is deleterious for neurological outcome, whereas lactate dehydrogenase inhibition by oxamate could improve recovery. Methods: Male New-Zealand rabbits were anesthetized and surgically instrumented to assess lactate, glucose and O 2 cerebral consumption by measurement of the arterio-jugular differences. After 10 min of ventricular fibrillation, animals were resuscitated and randomly received a 30-min infusion of either saline (Control, n=6), lactate (Lact, 5 mg/kg/min, n=6) or oxamate (Oxa, 37.5 mg/kg/min, n=6). They were followed during 4 h. Additional animals were submitted to the same procedure without surgical instrumentation to allow recovery and assessment of neurological function during 48 h after cardiac arrest. In both experiments, neuronal death was assessed histologically by fluorojade C staining. Results: In Control group, a strong increase of the cerebral consumption of O 2 , glucose and lactate was observed during the 4 hours following resuscitation. In Lact group, lactate consumption was increased as compared to Control, whereas it was almost abolished in Oxa group (17.13±3.59, 32.60±6.24 and 4.04±1.58 mmol/L/min in Control, Lact and Oxa, respectively). Additionally, Oxa group presented a reduced consumption of glucose and O 2 after cardiac arrest as compared to other groups. Interestingly, administration of oxamate was highly neuroprotective whereas lactate administration worsened the neurological outcome after cardiac arrest (38±4, 64±10 and 15±6 % of neurological dysfunction score at 48h in Control, Lact and Oxa, respectively). Oxamate infusion was also associated with a significant reduction in the number of degenerative neurons at 4 h and 48 h of follow-up. Conclusions: The cerebral consumption of lactate appeared to be detrimental in rabbits after cardiac arrest. Its inhibition by oxamate is potently neuroprotective.
Figure S4 from An Enhancer Demethylator Phenotype Converged to Immune Dysfunction and Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S4. Focal copy number deletion identified by the GISTIC algorithm for a) 𝑇𝐸𝐷+ and b) 𝑇𝐸𝐷−, respectively, in the immunotherapy arm of the BIONIKK cohort.&lt;/p&gt;
A Rationale for Going Back to the Future: Use of Disposable Spacers for Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers (2015)

The introduction of pressurised metered dose inhalers (MDIs) in the mid-1950s completely transformed respiratory treatment. Despite decades of availability and healthcare support and development of teaching aids and devices to promote better use, poor pMDI user technique remains a persistent issue. The main pMDI user aid is the spacer/valved holding chamber (VHC) device. Spacer/chamber features (size, shape, configuration, construction material, and hygiene considerations) can vie with clinical effectiveness (to deliver the same dose as a correctly used pMDI), user convenience, cost, and accessibility. Unsurprisingly, improvised, low-cost alternatives (plastic drink bottles, paper cups, and paper towel rolls) have been pressed into seemingly effective service. A UK law change permitting schools to hold emergency inhalers and spacers has prompted a development project to design a low-cost, user-friendly, disposable, and recyclable spacer. This paper spacer requires neither preuse priming nor washing, and has demonstrated reproducible lung delivery of salbutamol sulphate pMDI, comparable to an industry-standard VHC, an alternative paperboard VHC, and pMDI alone. This new device appears to perform better than these other VHC devices at the low flow rates thought achievable by paediatric patients. The data suggest that this disposable spacer may have a place in the single-use emergency setting.
Growth and uptake of sucrose and mineral ions by bulblets of<i>Lilium</i>Oriental Hybrid ‘Casablanca’ during bioreactor culture (2002)

SummaryThe growth and changes in concentration of major nutrients and sugars in the media were investigated in Lilium bulblets cultured in vitro using a novel type bioreactor (Balloon Type Bubble Bioreactor) system. Bulblets of Lilium Oriental Hybrid ‘Casablana’ grew faster when the medium was exchanged frequently with new medium in a Balloon Type Bubble Bioreactor (Immerson type). More bulblets over 2.1.g were produced when the medium was replaced with new medium after 2, 6 and 12 weeks of bioreactor culture as compared with cultures where fresh medium was added every 2, 6 and 12 weeks. Uptake of sugar and other minerals indicate that for optimal bulblet growth, high sucrose levels are necessary. However in the addition method, it was not possible to maintain high sucrose level by adding fresh medium every 2, 6 and 12 weeks. Although high sucrose levels could be maintained by the exchange method, the sucrose supplied was rapidly hydrolysed into glucose and fructose when the medium was replaced with new medium every 2, 6 and 12 weeks of bioreactor culture. Mineral absorption also displayed variation, both in quantity and selectivity of the inorganic nutrients supplied. During the growth of bulblets, fast exhaustion of NH4–, NO3–, SO42– and H2PO4– occurred, whereas consumption of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and Cl– is very slow. There is also a rapid fall in the pH of the medium following the addition of, or exchange with, fresh medium during the bulblet growth. The change in pH may be attributed to the differential uptake or excretion of NO3–, and/or NH4+ ions.
A Novel Polymyxin Derivative That Lacks the Fatty Acid Tail and Carries Only Three Positive Charges Has Strong Synergism with Agents Excluded by the Intact Outer Membrane (2010)

Polymyxins are cationic lipopeptides (five cationic charges) and the last resort for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections caused by multiresistant strains. NAB741 has a cyclic peptide portion identical to that of polymyxin B but carries in the linear peptide portion a threonyl-D-serinyl residue (no cationic charges) instead of the diaminobutyryl-threonyl-diaminobutyryl residue (two cationic charges). At the N terminus of the peptide, NAB741 carries an acetyl group instead of a mixture of methyl octanoyl and methyl heptanoyl residues. NAB741 sensitized Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics against which the intact outer membrane is an effective permeability barrier. When tested by using Etest strips on plates containing increasing concentrations of NAB741, the fractional inhibition concentration index (FICI) of the combination of NAB741 with rifampin ranged from <or=0.111 to 0.158 and that with clarithromycin from <or=0.094 to 0.292. When tested by the checkerboard method, the corresponding FICI values against E. coli ATCC 25922 were <or=0.141 to <or=0.155 with rifampin and 0.094 with clarithromycin. In addition, at 4 microg/ml, NAB741 decreased the MICs of azithromycin, mupirocin, fusidic acid, and vancomycin for E. coli strains and E. cloacae by factors ranging from 8 to 200. A sister peptide, NAB752, carrying a threonyl-aminobutyryl residue as the linear peptide portion, was inactive. Furthermore, NAB741 sensitized E. coli to the bactericidal activity of fresh guinea pig serum. The renal clearance of NAB741 was approximately 400-fold, 16-fold, and 8-fold higher than those measured for colistin, NAB7061, and NAB739, respectively.
Design of 6-DOF robotic bed system to maximize beam irradiation range for heavy Ion therapy system with fixed beam lines (2014)

This paper presents an on-going research on development of 6-DOF robotic bed system to be used for Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (KHIMA) system launched by Korea Institutes of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS). Since KIRAMS selected fixed beam lines for KHIMA system, it has less beam irradiation range than that of the system with a rotating gantry mechanism. In this paper, as part of the effort to extend the beam irradiation range, we analyze design requirements and treatment volume of the robotic bed system. The analysis result is verified by simulation tools such as MATLAB <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> and DELMIA IGRIP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> . Finally we derive mechanical specifications and treatment requirements for the 6-DOF robotic bed system to meet all requirements and to extend beam irradiation range as much as possible.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS VIA HETEROCYCLIC INTERMEDIATES; XXIV. ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF ENANTIOMERICALLY AND DIASTEREOMERICALLY PURE D‐THREONINE BY THE BIS‐LACTIM ETHER METHOD (1985)

Abstract Mit Hilfe des Lactimethers (I) in Form seines Titan‐Komplexes (II) wird Acetaldehyd (III) in D‐Threonin (V) übergeführt.
Thermal Balance Analysis of a Micro-Thermoelectric Gas Sensor Using Catalytic Combustion of Hydrogen (2014)

A thermoelectric gas sensor (TGS) with a combustion catalyst is a calorimetric sensor that changes the small heat of catalytic combustion into a signal voltage. We analyzed the thermal balance of a TGS to quantitatively estimate the sensor parameters. The voltage signal of a TGS was simulated, and the heat balance was calculated at two sections across the thermoelectric film of a TGS. The thermal resistances in the two sections were estimated from the thermal time constants of the experimental signal curves of the TGS. The catalytic combustion heat Q(catalyst) required for 1 mV of ∆V(gas) was calculated to be 46.1 μW. Using these parameters, we find from simulations for the device performance that the expected Q(catalyst) for 200 and 1,000 ppm H₂ was 3.69 μW and 11.7 μW, respectively.
Infantile Myofibromatosis: A Case Report (1991)

A male infant had three nodules on the left cheek, right forearm, and right neck. Biopsy specimen revealed infantile myofibromatosis (IM). Further evaluation revealed a solitary pulmonary nodule in the right middle lobe located far from mediastinal structures, which had no evidence of tumor enlargement on follow-up tomographic scan. Immunoperoxidase studies were negative for desmin and positive for actin. This is a potentially life-threatening multiorgan system disease; however, if lesions are limited mainly to the skin and soft tissues, the prognosis becomes more favorable. Although many reports suggest spontaneous and complete healing of the cutaneous lesions, our patient had profound atrophy at lesion sites as resolution occurred.
Timing Variation Adaptive Pipeline Design: Using Probabilistic Activity Completion Sensing with Backup Error Resilience (2014)

Modern microprocessor pipelines experience timing uncertainties due to manufacturing process variations, thermal variations, supply voltage droop and data-dependent path delays. This leads to power and/or performance inefficiencies in current timing guard banding methods especially when pipeline stages are operating well under their critical path timing constraints due to the temporal characteristics of input data. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive pipeline design that automatically adjusts to timing variations, thus reducing/eliminating the need for design guard banding. Each pipeline stage is equipped with an activity completion sensor that determines switching activity completion in the respective pipeline stage with a very high probability of correctness. The switching activity completion detection is used to trigger handoff of data from one pipeline stage to another. The pipeline is equipped with low overhead back-up error resilient circuits to handle incorrect (but infrequent) completion sensing and continue forward progress. Such a scheme enables time lending between pipeline stages, thus allowing correct pipeline computations at a lower voltage/higher clock frequency as compared to fully synchronous designs. Simulations and layout generated results from extracted net lists of pipelined arithmetic designs show 32.52% improvement in throughput at same supply voltage or 18% lesser power for the same throughput over conventional fully synchronous design incorporating worst-case safety margins.
Leveraging Community-Generated Videos and Command Logs to Classify and Recommend Software Workflows (2018)

Users of complex software applications often rely on inefficient or suboptimal workflows because they are not aware that better methods exist. In this paper, we develop and validate a hierarchical approach combining topic modeling and frequent pattern mining to classify the workflows offered by an application, based on a corpus of community-generated videos and command logs. We then propose and evaluate a design space of four different workflow recommender algorithms, which can be used to recommend new workflows and their associated videos to software users. An expert validation of the task classification approach found that 82% of the time, experts agreed with the classifications. We also evaluate our workflow recommender algorithms, demonstrating their potential and suggesting avenues for future work.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF PLATINUM CRYSTALLITE SIZE ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF OXYGEN IN PHOSPHORIC ACID (1978)

Abstract Die katalytische Aktivität von Pt‐Schwarz und von Pt auf Kohlenstoffträgern (Vulcan XC‐72) für die elektrochemische Og‐Reduktion in H 3 PO 4 (99 Gew.‐%) wird bei 177°C als Funktion der Pt‐Oberfläche untersucht.
Nucleolar organizer regions in a model of cell hyperactivity and regression. (1996)

Nucleolar organizer regions stained with colloidal silver techniques (AgNOR) evidence sites of active rRNA transcription. It has been proved that AgNOR undergo a rise in number and variations in size and shape in conditions which traditionally involve enhanced cell proliferation and rRNA transcription. AgNOR have been described as a marker of malignant transformation in multiple entities. Our laboratory has previously described their value as markers of radioinduced damage. The finding, at light microscopy level, that silver staining persisted at later post-irradiation times when cells are characteristically inactive, prompted the present study to correlate findings at light microscopy level with the ultrastructural analysis of nucleoli and their AgNOR in a model of irradiated skin. We herein attempt to explain the biological significance of AgNOR variations in the different phases of radioinduced response (which involves cellular hyperactivity followed by regressive features). Ten Wistar rats were submitted to local irradiation of the left leg (the shielded right leg was used as control) with 50 Gy x rays and killed 15 days post- irradiation. Silver staining was performed on ultrathin sections. In the basal layer of control epithelium silver affinity was established for fibrillar centers (FC) and fibrillar dense components (DFC). During the phase of radioinduced hyperplasia (1-3 days post-exposure) basal cells exhibit large reticular nucleoli, with irregular contours and silver staining on DFC. In the regressive phase (4-5 days post-irradiation) silver staining persists despite the halt in transcriptional activity, associated to homogeneous and compact nucleoli. These findings suggest caution in the interpretation of silver staining patterns.
Antioxidant Carbon Particles Improve Cerebrovascular Dysfunction Following Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)

Injury to the neurovasculature is a feature of brain injury and must be addressed to maximize opportunity for improvement. Cerebrovascular dysfunction, manifested by reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF), is a key factor that worsens outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI), most notably under conditions of hypotension. We report here that a new class of antioxidants, poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), which are nontoxic carbon particles, rapidly restore CBF in a mild TBI/hypotension/resuscitation rat model when administered during resuscitation--a clinically relevant time point. Along with restoration of CBF, there is a concomitant normalization of superoxide and nitric oxide levels. Given the role of poor CBF in determining outcome, this finding is of major importance for improving patient health under clinically relevant conditions during resuscitative care, and it has direct implications for the current TBI/hypotension war-fighter victims in the Afghanistan and Middle East theaters. The results also have relevancy in other related acute circumstances such as stroke and organ transplantation.
Microwave assisted synthesis of cyclic carbonates from olefins with sodium bicarbonates as the C1 source (2014)

An effective transformation of alkenes into cyclic carbonates has been achieved using NaHCO3 as the C1 source in acetone-water under microwave heating, with selectivities and yields significantly surpassing those obtained using conventional heating.
High-resolution phase-sensitive sum frequency generation spectroscopy by time-domain ptychography (2020)

We demonstrate that time-domain ptychography, when applied to a set of broadband vibrational sum frequency spectra, reconstructs amplitude and phase of the vibrational free induction decay from an interfacial sample with a resolution that is independent of up-converting pulse bandwidth and spectrometer resolution. These important improvements require no modifications to most standard homodyne setups, and the method is applicable to other coherent homodyne spectroscopies such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy and transient grating spectroscopy.
Abstract 10465: Abnormal Post Exercise Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Response and Metabolism Correlate With Patient Reported Outcomes in Patients With Intermittent Claudication From Peripheral Artery Disease (2022)

Background and Aims: Intermittent claudication (IC) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is thought to be caused by reduced lower extremity macrovascular blood flow. However, the ankle-brachial index (ABI) (a macrovascular measure) does not correlate well with patient-reported outcome measures. We aimed to study microvascular and metabolic skeletal muscle responses to exercise in patients with IC using positron emission tomography (PET). Methods: We enrolled 19 patients with IC (ABI &amp;lt; 0.90 and imaging/angiographic evidence of PAD) and 12 healthy controls (HCs) (normal ABI). All subjects underwent rest perfusion imaging of the legs with 13 N-ammonia or 11 C-acetate PET followed by a graded treadmill test. Subjects exercised until limited by claudication or the end of the 20-minute protocol. Subjects then underwent immediately post-exercise PET imaging of the legs. Skeletal muscle blood flow (SMBF) was quantified in each leg at rest and immediately post-exercise. Skeletal muscle oxygen utilization (SMVO 2 ) normalized to SMBF was also quantified for patients who underwent imaging with 11 C-acetate. Peripheral artery questionnaire (PAQ) summary score was obtained for all subjects. Results: We found that SMBF was increased post-exercise in all subjects, and stress/rest SMBF was higher in the legs of subjects with PAD than in the legs of HCs ( Figure 1A ). We also found that stress SMVO 2 /SMBF was higher in legs of patients with PAD than in the legs of HCs ( Figure 1B ). There was a moderate, significant correlation between limb stress/rest SMBF and PAQ score ( Figure 1C ) and a strong, significant correlation between limb stress SMVO 2 /SMBF and PAQ score ( Figure 1D ). Conclusions: In conclusion, we found that SMBF increased in all subjects after treadmill exercise and paradoxically to the greatest degree in patients with IC. We also found that PET-derived markers of post-exercise microvascular perfusion and metabolism correlated with patient-reported outcomes.
Translational advances in reflectance confocal microscopy of skin cancer: machine learning-based image classification, and tumor mapping in shave biopsy wounds (2011)

Translational advances in reflectance confocal microscopy of skin cancers include automated methods to localize the dermo-epidermal junction, and imaging of residual tumor with a contrast agent in shave biopsy wounds toward intra-operative mapping. Article not available.