gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of behavioral characteristics of dogs in the United States and Japan (2015)

This study examined the difference in dog owning between Japan and the United States, and the effect of these differences on dogs' behavioral characteristics. Behavioral evaluations of privately-owned dogs were obtained by using online questionnaire. We compared background and demographic information from the two countries and analyzed the effects of these differences on behavioral characteristics in dogs. The results indicated that there was a bias in the dog breeds kept in Japan compared to the United States and that Japanese dogs' body weight was lower than the US dogs. The main source of dog acquisition was pet stores in Japan and breeders and/or shelters in the United States. Multiple linear regression analysis found that Japanese dogs showed more aggression to household members and higher energy, restlessness and fear of non-social stimuli than US dogs, while US dogs showed more fear of unfamiliar persons, separation-related behavior and excitability. US dogs also showed higher levels of trainability and attachment to owners. The lower dog's body weight was, the higher the behavioral scores except for trainability were. When dogs that were obtained under 3 months of age were analyzed, the younger the dogs were when their owners obtained them, the higher the scores on some behavioral problem factors were. The higher rates of problem behaviors among Japanese dogs compared with US dogs suggest that the preference for small breed dogs and poor early development environment influenced the behavioral characteristics of dogs.
Radar-Based Timed Up And Go Test For Multiperson Providing A Risk Of Falling Assessment (2022)

Abstract Objective: Over the past decade, the research community has made major advances in technologies for detecting risk of falling in elderly, which led to assistive systems that can help to improve physical strength and limit isolation. However, it is still expensive to extend these systems to a multi-user performing a clinical test, such as the Timed Up and Go (TUG). In this paper, we therefore propose a new avenue, a radar-based system that transcends these limitations. Results: The proposed methodology is evaluated using data from real-world scenarios. It is found that distinguishing two participants performing a TUG test at the same time is more accurate when they are walking in opposite direction compared to perfectly synchronized walking in the same direction. However, although it was more challenging to distinguish two participants in this latter scenario, our results show that when they are offset by a certain distance, the proposed algorithm can track them separately. Our goal was therefore to relieve congestion in medical settings by investigating the feasibility of administering a clinical test with more than one participant at the same time thanks to an UWB radar sensor.
Label-Free Detection and Discrimination of Bacterial Pathogens Based on Hemin Recognition (2016)

Hemin linked to hexa(ethylene glycol)bishydrazide was patterned by inkjet printing into periodic microarrays, and evaluated for their ability to capture bacterial pathogens expressing various hemin receptors. Bacterial adhesion was imaged under darkfield conditions with Fourier analysis, supporting a label-free method of pathogen detection. Hemin microarrays were screened against a panel of 16 bacteria and found capable of capturing multiple species, some with limits of detection as low as 10(3) cfu/mL. Several Gram-positive strains including Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis also exhibited rapid adhesion, enabling pattern recognition within minutes of exposure. This can be attributed to differences in hemin acquisition systems: aggressively adherent bacteria express cell-surface hemin receptors (CSHRs) that enable direct hemin binding and uptake, whereas other types of bacteria including most Gram-negative strains rely on the secretion and recapture of soluble proteins (hemophores) for hemin acquisition, with consequently longer times for ligand binding and detection.
Structure of an anti‐idiotypic Fab against feline peritonitis virus‐neutralizing antibody and a comparison with the complexed Fab (1995)

The crystal structure of anti-idiotopic Fab 409.5.3, made against an E2 specific feline infectious peritonitis virus-neutralizing antibody 730.1.4, has been determined in its free from, at 2.9 A resolution by molecular replacement. This antibody, used as an immmunogen, elicits the production of anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies that in turn neutralize the virus. The structure of the uncomplexed Fab was refined using constrained-restrained least squares minimization and simulated annealing in combination with conjugate gradient techniques to a crystallographic R of 0.22 based on 16,482 unique reflections between 20.0 and 2.9 A. The free antiidiotypic Fab shows, when compared to its complexed form, a 5 degrees rotation of its variable light with respect to its variable heavy domain and rearrangement of complementarity determining region loops, which permits optimization of the stereocomplementarity between interacting molecules. This finding supports the induced fit hypothesis for antibody antigen interaction.
SAFER: System-level Architecture for Failure Evasion in Real-time Applications (2012)

Recent trends towards increasing complexity in distributed embedded real-time systems pose challenges in designing and implementing a reliable system such as a self-driving car. The conventional way of improving reliability is to use redundant hardware to replicate the whole (sub)system. Although hardware replication has been widely deployed in hard real-time systems such as avionics, space shuttles and nuclear power plants, it is significantly less attractive to many applications because the amount of necessary hardware multiplies as the size of the system increases. The growing needs of flexible system design are also not consistent with hardware replication techniques. To address the needs of dependability through redundancy operating in real-time, we propose a layer called SAFER(System-level Architecture for Failure Evasion in Real-time applications) to incorporate configurable task-level fault-tolerance features to tolerate fail-stop processor and task failures for distributed embedded real-time systems. To detect such failures, SAFER monitors the health status and state information of each task and broadcasts the information. When a failure is detected using either time-based failure detection or event-based failure detection, SAFER reconfigures the system to retain the functionality of the whole system. We provide a formal analysis of the worst-case timing behaviors of SAFER features. We also describe the modeling of a system equipped with SAFER to analyze timing characteristics through a model-based design tool called SysWeaver. SAFER has been implemented on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS and deployed on Boss, an award-winning autonomous vehicle developed at Carnegie Mellon University. We show various measurements using simulation scenarios used during the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. Finally, we present a case study of failure recovery by SAFER when node failures are injected.
Exposure and response analysis of aleglitazar on cardiovascular risk markers and safety outcomes: An analysis of the AleCardio trial (2019)

Concomitant use of clopidogrel was identified as a covariate that explained interindividual variability in exposure to aleglitazar. Patients using clopidogrel showed an additional lowering of HbA1c, at the expense of an additional decrease in haemoglobin, and an increase in serum creatinine and adiponectin. Clopidogrel is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C8. Because aleglitazar is metabolized by CYP2C8, a pharmacokinetic interaction could explain differences in exposure and response to aleglitazar.
Cellular distribution of cholesterogenesis‐linked, phosphoisoprenylated proteins in proliferating cells (1989)

A set of isoprenylated proteins has been detected in rapidly proliferating, suspension-grown murine lymphoma cells. Our evidence indicates that all of these isoprenylated proteins are phosphorylated. Subsequent to a 24 h incubation with mevinolin to deplete the intracellular mevalonate (MVA) level, cells were incubated with [3H]MVA and/or 32Pi and both total cell and subcellular fraction proteins were resolved via 1- and 2-D gel electrophoresis, then assessed via subsequent autoradiography. The phospho-isoprenylated proteins comprise a set spanning a molecular mass range of 21-69 kDa and all dispay acidic pI. MVA-derivatized proteins of 21-24 kDa, which consist of multiple isoforms, are present in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions. Larger phospho-isoprenylated protein species (44-69 kDa) are specifically localized within the nucleus, where applicable extraction protocols indicate that they are part of or closely affiliated with the nuclear matrix-intermediate filament (NM-IF) components. The localization of the 69 kDa prenylated species within the NM-IF fraction, together with evidence of its phosphorylation, supports recent indications that this protein is the nuclear matrix component lamin B.
Spine Image Segmentation Based on U-Net and Atrous spatial pyramid pooling (2022)

Abstract In the past ten years, deep learning has achieved remarkable results in the area of natural image segmentation, and has gradually turned to the field of medical image segmentation. The precise segmentation of spine images can be used for early screening of spondylopathy, which is convenient for early detection and treatment of patients. Aiming at the segmentation of the spine image by the U-Net network, which structure will lead to large model calculation, network overfitting, image size, noise information and other issues. This paper introduces a new method based on spatial pyramid pooling module ASpp on U-Net network and applies the proposed network structure to the segmentation of the spine image. The model is first enhanced by the Spp module and Densenet data; secondly, the U-Net encoding and decoding structure is adopted, and the deep separable convolution is used. This method greatly reduces the complexity and computation of the model, and uses a rectangular convolution kernel to increase the computation of the model in a small amount. Based on the volume, the receptive field of the convolution operation is expanded; finally, in order to effectively enhance the segmentation area of the image, the SE-Net attention mechanism module is added to the lateral connection. The method proposed in this paper conducts ablation experiments on a public dataset of spine images and compares it with the U-Net network. The method proposed IOU in this paper can reach 72%, and the F1-score can reach 0.92. The comparison of the experimental results of spine medical image datasets shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy and accuracy of spine image segmentation.
The structure of anaerobic bacterial communities in the hypolimnia of several Michigan lakes (1975)

The structure of bacterial communities, the distribution of sulfide and oxygen, bacteriochlorophyll concentrations, and the temperature profile were determined for the anaerobic hypolimnia of two lakes in southern Michigan. Information from these studies, plus qualitative observations of two other lakes and two ponds over a 4-year period were used to correlate the spatial distribution of the populations, cell size, arrangement of photosynthetic vesicles or lamellae, presence of gas vacuoles or flagella, sulfur deposition, and environmental factors. On the basis of these results, three communities designated as A, B, and C were defined. The upper (A) community consisted of sequentially layered purple sulfur bacteria including two or more of the following genera: Thiopedia, Thiospirillum, Thiocystis, or Chromatium. The middle (B) community consisted of sequential layers of green bacteria from one or more of the following genera: Pelodictyon, Clathrochloris, Chlorochromatium, or Prosthecochloris. The lowest (C)community contained previously unreported gas-vacuolate colorless bacteria 0 to 0.7 m above the sediment. Microstratification (0.1- to 0.2-m layers) of populations was observed within the A and B communities.
Proenkephalin transgenic mice: A short promoter confers high testis expression and reduced fertility (1994)

The regulation and possible function of the preproenkephalin gene in testis were studied in vivo in transgenic mice containing: (1) bases -193 to +210 of the human proenkephalin gene and an additional one kilobase of 3' proenkephalin flanking sequence driving expression of bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), and (2) the same promoter and flanking sequences driving expression of a rat proenkephalin cDNA. Five lines of mice, designated HEC1-5, expressed the first construct and 10, HER1-10, the second. Each HEC male and many HER males showed dramatic expression of the transgene in the testis, although much lower expression was observed in the brain and other enkephalin-producing tissues. High levels of expression in testis can thus be achieved with a very short promoter region and do not require intron A sequences previously considered necessary. Altered enkephalin expression may affect testicular function. One founder, HER8, displayed grossly abnormal testicular morphology and was completely infertile. A second founder, HER6, had low sperm motility. Two offspring from other lines also displayed subnormal fertility. These studies support a role for specific promoter sequences in testis expression and may further support a significant role for proenkephalin in testicular function.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Phenoxy Carboxamides from Phenols Using the Mitsunobu Reaction. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Session details: Session 2: Attacks &amp; Applications (2016)

No abstract available.
Finite element computations of specific absorption rates in anatomically conforming full-body models for hyperthermia treatment analysis (1993)

Finite element techniques for three-dimensional specific absorption rate (SAR) computation in anatomically based human models are presented. The formulations center on Helmholtz weak forms which have been shown to be numerically robust and to afford additional sparsity in the resulting system of algebraic equations. Practical solution of these equations depends critically on the realization of an effective sparse matrix solver. Experience with several conjugate gradient-type methods is reported. The findings show that convergence rate (and even convergence in some cases) degrades significantly with increasing matrix rank and decreasing electrical loss for mesh spacings which adequately resolve the physical wavelengths of the electromagnetic wave propagation. However, with proper choice of algorithm and preconditioning, reliable convergence has been achieved for matrix ranks exceeding 2 x 10(5) on domains having sizeable volumes of electrically lossless regions. An automatic grid generation scheme for constructing meshes which consist of variable element sizes that conform to a predefined set of boundaries is discussed. Example meshes of homogeneous and heterogeneous human anatomies, the boundaries of which have been derived from CT-scan information, are shown. These results highlight the fact that 3D finite element mesh generation remains a difficult problem, but usable meshes with this level of complexity can be generated. Integration of the finite element formulation, the sparse matrix solver, and the mesh generation scheme is shown to lead to algorithms that can be implemented on inexpensive reduced instruction set computer (RISC) workstations with run times on the order of hours. An example of hyperthermia device simulation is presented which suggests that the finite element method is a practical alternative that rivals the impressive finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computations that have appeared.
Coherent Coupling of Multiple Transverse Modes in Quantum Cascade Lasers (2009)

Quantum cascade lasers are a unique laboratory for studying nonlinear laser dynamics because of their high intracavity intensity, strong intersubband optical nonlinearity, and an unusual combination of relaxation time scales. Here we investigate the nonlinear coupling between the transverse modes of quantum cascade lasers. We present evidence for stable phase coherence of multiple transverse modes over a large range of injection currents. We explain the phase coherence by a four-wave mixing interaction originating from the strong optical nonlinearity of the gain transition. The phase-locking conditions predicted by theory are supported by spectral data and both near- and far-field mode measurements.
Modelling scene change for large-scale long term laser localisation (2017)

This paper addresses a difficulty in large-scale long term laser localisation - how to deal with scene change. We pose this as a distraction suppression problem. Urban driving environments are frequently subject to large dynamic outliers, such as buses, trucks etc. These objects can mask the static elements of the prior map that we rely on for localisation. At the same time some objects change shape in a way that is less dramatic but equally pernicious during localisation - for example trees over seasons and in wind, shop fronts and doorways. In this paper, we show how we can learn in high resolution, the areas of our map that are subject to such distractions (low value data) in a place-dependent approach. We demonstrate how to utilise this model to select individual laser measurements for localisation. Specifically, by leveraging repeated operation over weeks and months, for each point in our map pointcloud we build distributions of the errors associated with that point for multiple localisation passes. These distributions are then used to determine the legitimacy of laser measurements prior to their use in localisation. We demonstrate distraction suppression as a front-end process to large scale localiser by incrementally adding 50km of error data to our base map and show that robustness is improved over the base system with a further 10km of urban driving.
Rare variant in scavenger receptor BI raises HDL cholesterol and increases risk of coronary heart disease (2016)

Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is the major receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C). In humans, high amounts of HDL-C in plasma are associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Mice that have depleted Scarb1 (SR-BI knockout mice) have markedly elevated HDL-C levels but, paradoxically, increased atherosclerosis. The impact of SR-BI on HDL metabolism and CHD risk in humans remains unclear. Through targeted sequencing of coding regions of lipid-modifying genes in 328 individuals with extremely high plasma HDL-C levels, we identified a homozygote for a loss-of-function variant, in which leucine replaces proline 376 (P376L), in SCARB1, the gene encoding SR-BI. The P376L variant impairs posttranslational processing of SR-BI and abrogates selective HDL cholesterol uptake in transfected cells, in hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from the homozygous subject, and in mice. Large population-based studies revealed that subjects who are heterozygous carriers of the P376L variant have significantly increased levels of plasma HDL-C. P376L carriers have a profound HDL-related phenotype and an increased risk of CHD (odds ratio = 1.79, which is statistically significant).
Miniature fuel cell with conductive silicon electrodes (2005)

We report on a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with conductive silicon electrodes. In our design, the electrodes are made of silicon instead of carbon. We fabricated a porous structure at the bottom of the channels using the DRIE process. Pt catalyst was electrodeposited onto the surface of the electrodes. A Nafion 115 membrane was sandwiched between two 280-/spl mu/m-thick electrodes with a microporous structure 30 /spl mu/m thick. Open circuit voltage of 150 mV was observed with 1 M methanol feed. Maximum power density of 0.016 mW/cm was achieved. Since the electrode and the channels are fabricated in a single wafer, it is possible to decrease the total thickness of the fuel cell by a using thinner wafer.
EFFICACY OF JYOTISHMATI OIL WITH PRANAYAMA ON I.Q. (INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT) (2015)

Aim of the Study : To evaluate the efficacy of Jyotishmati Oil with Pranayam on I.Q. (Intelligence Quotient). Objectives of the Study : To evaluate efficacy of Jyotishmati oil on mental age. To evaluate efficacy of Jyotishmati oil with Pranayama on mental age. To understand and explain precisely the concept of Jyotishmati oil as a Medha , Buddhi and Smruti enhancer by using modern parameter I.Q. Materials and Methods : Jyotishmati oil was procured from authorised pharmacy. Drug Authentification and Fingerprint analysis of Jyotishmati oil by HPTLC method was done from Certified Laboratory. The selected children were grouped in three groups, 30 children in each group. Group A and Group B considered as experimental group. In-group ‘C’ no intervention was done. Route of administration – oral, Dose – 0.25ml twice a day, Anupan – Milk, Kala – After morning breakfast and after dinner. Duration- 180 days. Type of Study: Open Randomised Controlled Clinical Study. Assessment Criteria: The scores were taken before the trial (0th day) & after the completion of treatment schedule (180th day). All the groups were subjected to BKT or I.Q. and M.A. scores. Statistical Analysis: Student Paired ‘t’ - test & Repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Result: The results were statistically analyzed for better interpretation. In comparison of both experimental group ‘A’ and ‘B’ and control group ‘C’, improvement in I.Q. and Mental Age were significant than control group ‘C’. In all the groups, Group B showed maximum improvement in Mental Age (M.A.).
Symmetry Numbers of Activated Complexes (1993)

The conventional symmetry numbers σ_≠~s of activated complexes may lead to error in the rate constant expression of transition state theory, whereas the statistical factor l~≠ or l may violate the principle of detailed balance. A mathematically precise definition of the symmetry number σ_≠ of activated complex is given, i.e. σ_≠=_iN_4!/m, m is the number of physically distinct configurations of labelled transition state and N_i is the identical atoms in the activated complex. The identical atoms must belong to the same molecule of reactants and products. The present symmetry numbers σ_≠ of activated complexes assure not only obtaining correct rate constant expressions but also obeying the principle of detailed balance. It can be used with the statistical factor l to construct the structures of transition states for unimolecular and bimolecular exchange reactions.