gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Iron Isomaltoside vs Ferric Carboxymaltose on Hypophosphatemia in Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Two Randomized Clinical Trials (2020)

Importance Intravenous iron enables rapid correction of iron-deficiency anemia, but certain formulations induce fibroblast growth factor 23–mediated hypophosphatemia. Objective To compare risks of hypophosphatemia and effects on biomarkers of mineral and bone homeostasis of intravenous iron isomaltoside (now known as ferric derisomaltose) vs ferric carboxymaltose. Design, Setting, and Participants Between October 2017 and June 2018, 245 patients aged 18 years and older with iron-deficiency anemia (hemoglobin level ≤11 g/dL; serum ferritin level ≤100 ng/mL) and intolerance or unresponsiveness to 1 month or more of oral iron were recruited from 30 outpatient clinic sites in the United States into 2 identically designed, open-label, randomized clinical trials. Patients with reduced kidney function were excluded. Serum phosphate and 12 additional biomarkers of mineral and bone homeostasis were measured on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 21, and 35. The date of final follow-up was June 19, 2018, for trial A and May 29, 2018, for trial B. Interventions Intravenous administration of iron isomaltoside, 1000 mg, on day 0 or ferric carboxymaltose, 750 mg, infused on days 0 and 7. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was the incidence of hypophosphatemia (serum phosphate level Results In trial A, 123 patients were randomized (mean [SD] age, 45.1 [11.0] years; 95.9% women), including 62 to iron isomaltoside and 61 to ferric carboxymaltose; 95.1% completed the trial. In trial B, 122 patients were randomized (mean [SD] age, 42.6 [12.2] years; 94.1% women), including 61 to iron isomaltoside and 61 to ferric carboxymaltose; 93.4% completed the trial. The incidence of hypophosphatemia was significantly lower following iron isomaltoside vs ferric carboxymaltose (trial A: 7.9% vs 75.0% [adjusted rate difference, –67.0% {95% CI, –77.4% to –51.5%}],P  Conclusions and Relevance In 2 randomized trials of patients with iron-deficiency anemia who were intolerant of or unresponsive to oral iron, iron isomaltoside (now called ferric derisomaltose), compared with ferric carboxymaltose, resulted in lower incidence of hypophosphatemia over 35 days. However, further research is needed to determine the clinical importance of this difference. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers:NCT03238911andNCT03237065
Multi-steps degradation method for β-O-4 linkage in lignins: γ-TTSA method. Part 1: Reaction of non-phenolic dimeric β-O-4 model compounds (2011)

Abstract The so-called γ-TTSA method has been developed for the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages in lignin. It consists of four steps: (1) γ-tosylation, (2) thioetherification (substitution reaction with 1-dodecanethiol to γ-thioether), (3) sulfonylation (oxidation from γ-thioether to γ-sulfone), and (4) mild alkali degradation of γ-sulfone. The method was tested on non-phenolic dimeric β-O-4 lignin model compounds: 1G (4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether), 1S (4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylglycerol-β-syringyl ether), and 1H (4-benzyloxyphenylglycerol-β-phenyl ether). It is demonstrated that the mild alkali degradation of the γ-sulfone group proceeds efficiently, i.e., the electron-withdrawing sulfone group at γ-position contributes to the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages. The γ-TTSA method may be especially useful for the elucidation of lignin-carbohydrate complex structures containing benzylether bonds.
Control of  <i>Listeria Monocytogenes</i>  by Lauric Arginate on Frankfurters Formulated with or without Lactate/Diacetate (2009)

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a food safety concern that can be associated with ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry products because of its persistence in the processing environment. Listeriosis has a fatality rate of 28% in immuno-compromised individuals. RTE meats receive a lethal heat treatment but may become contaminated by Lm after this treatment. Federal regulators and manufacturers of RTE meats are working to find additional ways to control postprocess contamination by Lm in RTE meats. This research was initiated to validate combinations of antimicrobials that would produce an immediate lethality of at least 1 log of Lm on artificially contaminated frankfurters, and also suppress Lm growth to less than 2 logs throughout the extended shelf life at refrigerated temperatures (4 degrees C). Based on our studies, 22-ppm lauric arginate (LAE, ethyl-N-dodecanoyl-L-arginate hydrochloride) gave more than a 1-log reduction of Lm surface inoculated onto frankfurters within 12 h. The combination of either 1.8%/0.13% or 2.1%/0.15% potassium lactate/sodium diacetate (L/D) in combination with 22 ppm LAE caused more than a 2-log reduction at 12 h. Storage studies revealed that complementary interactions of L/D and LAE also met the 2nd requirement. This combination initially reduced Lm by 2 logs and suppressed growth to less than 2 logs even at the end of the 156-d storage life for frankfurters. These results confirmed that the combination of L/D with LAE as a postprocessing-prepackaging application could be useful in complying with the USDA's Alternative 1 that requires validation for the control of Lm on RTE frankfurters.
Integration of PBPK and Reaction Network Modelling: Predictive Xenobiotic Metabolomics (2005)

Summary Our research group has aimed to integrate computational modelling with in vitro and in vivo experimentation towards the advancement of chemical mixture toxicology while minimising animal use. In the case of complex chemical mixtures and their interactions, the computer-assisted approach of Biochemical Reaction Network Modelling offers a ray of hope. The possible linkage between this novel computational methodology and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling could result in a multi-scale computer simulation platform capable of predicting complex pathway interactions and metabolite concentrations at the molecular level up to tissue and organ concentrations at the whole organism level.
Effects of 5HTTLPR on Cardiovascular Response to an Emotional Stressor (2011)

Replication in this study's control group of our prior finding that 5HTTLPR alleles associated with Hi activity are associated with increased CVR to an emotion recall stressor strengthens the case that this association is real and could be partially responsible for the increased cardiovascular disease observed in persons carrying the 5HTTLPR L allele.
Reserpine improves Enterobacteriaceae resistance in chicken intestine via neuro-immunometabolic signaling and MEK1/2 activation (2021)

Salmonella enterica persist in the chicken gut by suppressing inflammatory responses via expansion of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs). In humans, T cell activation is controlled by neurochemical signaling in Tregs; however, whether similar neuroimmunological signaling occurs in chickens is currently unknown. In this study, we explore the role of the neuroimmunological axis in intestinal Salmonella resistance using the drug reserpine, which disrupts intracellular storage of catecholamines like norepinephrine. Following reserpine treatment, norepinephrine release was increased in both ceca explant media and Tregs. Similarly, Salmonella killing was greater in reserpine-treated explants, and oral reserpine treatment reduced the level of intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium and other Enterobacteriaceae in vivo. These antimicrobial responses were linked to an increase in antimicrobial peptide and IL-2 gene expression as well as a decrease in CTLA-4 gene expression. Globally, reserpine treatment led to phosphorylative changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the mitogen-associated protein kinase 2(MEK2). Exogenous norepinephrine treatment alone increased Salmonella resistance, and reserpine-induced antimicrobial responses were blocked using beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors, suggesting norepinephrine signaling is crucial in this mechanism. Furthermore, EGF treatment reversed reserpine-induced antimicrobial responses, whereas mTOR inhibition increased antimicrobial activities, confirming the roles of metabolic signaling in these responses. Finally, MEK1/2 inhibition suppressed reserpine, norepinephrine, and mTOR-induced antimicrobial responses. Overall, this study demonstrates a central role for MEK1/2 activity in reserpine induced neuro-immunometabolic signaling and subsequent antimicrobial responses in the chicken intestine, providing a means of reducing bacterial colonization in chickens to improve food safety.
Table S1 from Dopamine Receptor D5 is a Modulator of Tumor Response to Dopamine Receptor D2 Antagonism (2023)

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Synthèse des cyclopropanols par réactions de cyclisations radicalaires de type 3-exo-trig induites par SmI2 (2006)

Au cours de nos travaux, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle voie d'acces, avec de bons rendements, a des cycopropanols ou a des lactones derivees. Cette voie est basee sur une reaction de cyclisation radicalaire de type 3-exo-trig d'esters δ-oxo-α,β-insatures et de δ–oxo-alkylidenemalonates en presence de SmI2 et d'un donneur de proton. Une large variete de cyclopropanols a pu etre synthetisee avec succes. La cyclisation peut se derouler selon un mode syn ou un mode anti. D'excellentes diastereoselectivites ont souvent pu etre obtenues, selon la nature des substrats de cyclisation et l'acidite du donneur de proton. Ainsi, pour les esters δ-oxo-α,β-insatures la diastereoselectivite est majoritairement en faveur des cyclopropanols trans (R en δ= aryle). Pour les δ–oxo-alkylidenemalonates et en presence de 2 equivalents de phenol une totale selectivite est obtenue en faveur du cyclopropanol trans pour tous les substrats (R= alkyle ou aryle). En serie esters δ-oxo-α,β-insatures benzobicycliques, on obtient exclusivement les lactones avec d'excellents rendements. Ce resultat est donc l'inverse de celui obtenu lors des cyclisations des esters δ-oxo-α,β-insatures acycliques (R en δ= aryle). Au cours de ce travail, deux mecanismes ont ete envisages et discutes pour expliquer la formation des produits de cyclisations radicalaires. D'autre part, une nouvelle voie d'acces aux cyclopropanols, basee sur la cyclisation d'esters δ-halogeno-α,β-insatures porteurs d'un groupement hydroxyle masque a egalement ete exploree.
Directing and Potentiating Stem Cell-Mediated Angiogenesis and Tissue Repair by Cell Surface E-Selectin Coating (2016)

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for treatment of a number of diseases, including delayed and non-healing wounds. However, targeted systemic delivery of therapeutic cells to the dysfunctional tissues remains one formidable challenge. Herein, we present a targeted nanocarrier-mediated cell delivery method by coating the surface of the cell to be delivered with dendrimer nanocarriers modified with adhesion molecules. Infused nanocarrier-coated cells reach to destination via recognition and association with the counterpart adhesion molecules highly or selectively expressed on the activated endothelium in diseased tissues. Once anchored on the activated endothelium, nanocarriers-coated transporting cells undergo transendothelial migration, extravasation and homing to the targeted tissues to execute their therapeutic role. We now demonstrate feasibility, efficacy and safety of our targeted nanocarrier for delivery of bone marrow cells (BMC) to cutaneous wound tissues and grafted corneas and its advantages over conventional BMC transplantation in mouse models for wound healing and neovascularization. This versatile platform is suited for targeted systemic delivery of virtually any type of therapeutic cell.
Towards the Standardized Fabrication of CNT-Cement Based Composites for Structural Health Monitoring: An Application-Oriented Literature Survey (2013)

Civil structures always experience degradation phenomena over their lifespan. The recent advances in nanotechnology and sensing allow to monitor the behaviour of a structure, assess its performance and identify damage at an early stage. The availability of innovative, high performance sensing tools gives the opportunity to carry out maintenance actions in a timely manner, and this definitely enhances the structural reliability and safety. Several Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications reported in the literature are traditionally performed at a global level, with a limited number of sensors distributed over a relatively large area of a structure. The main drawback with those systems is related to the possibility of detecting only major damage conditions. A recent progress in the field of civil SHM concerns the development of dense sensor networks and innovative structural neural systems. The latter reproduce the structure and the function of the human nervous system and provides interesting opportunities to overcome the typical limitations of SHM related to the poor spatial resolution of measurements. Miniaturization and embedment are key requirements for the successful implementation of structural neural systems. In this context carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play an attractive role in the development of embedded sensors and smart structural materials. In fact, they can provide to traditional cement based materials both structural capability and measurable response to applied stresses, strains, cracks and other flaws. As a result, cement based sensors can be developed and embedded, ensuring the maximum compatibility and minimum interference with the hosting structure. In this paper investigations about CNT/cement composites and their self-sensing capabilities are summarized and critically revised. The literature review has provided the informative basis for a rational analysis of published experimental results and theoretical developments.The result is an application oriented survey of the literature about CNT/cement composites for SHM. It provides useful design criteria for the standardized fabrication of CNT/cement composites optimized for SHM applications in civil engineering. Specific attention is paid to the opportunities provided by new RF plasma technologies for the functionalization of CNTs in view of sensor development and SHM applications.
Reliability in the characterization of fiber length distributions of injection molded long carbon fiber composites (2017)

The mechanical properties of a discontinuous fiber reinforced composite material are dependent on the length of the reinforcing fibers. Long‐fiber thermoplastic (LFT) composites offer a compromise between ease of manufacture and mechanical properties for structural applications and are conventionally made using fibers that are initially 10–14 mm long. However, fiber attrition during the injection molding process significantly reduces the final fiber lengths in molded composite and produces a fiber length distribution (FLD), which depends on the processing parameters. Thus, accurate FLD measurements are important for reliable predictions of the composite properties. Here, we present a detailed methodology for experimentally measuring the FLD in LFT composites based on best practices. Possible biases occurring during the measurement process are discussed and their effect on the measured FLD and averaged fiber length values are evaluated. We then employ a Mori–Tanaka implementation of the Eshelby model to predict the elastic stiffness of the LFT composite and analyze the sensitivity of the stiffness values to the biases in the FLD measurements. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:4594–4604, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Optimal rendition resolution selection algorithm for web streaming players (2022)

In web streaming, the size of video rendered on screen may be influenced by a number of factors, such as the layout of a web page embedding the video, the position and size of the web browser window, and the resolution of the screen. During the playback, the adaptive streaming players, usually select one of the available encoded streams (renditions) to pull and render on the screen. Such selection is typically done based on the available network bandwidth, and also based on the size of the player window. Typically, the logic of matching video stream to be played to the size of the window is very simplistic, considering only pixel dimensions of the video. However, with vastly different video playback devices, their pixel densities and other parameters influencing the Quality of Experience (QoE), the reliance of pixel matching is bound to be suboptimal. A better approach must use a proper QoE model, considering parameters of viewing setup on each device, and then predicting which encoded resolution, given player window and other constraints would achieve best quality. In this paper, we adopt such a model and develop an optimal rendition selection algorithm based on it. We report results by considering several different categories of receiving devices (HDTV, PCs, tablets and mobile) and show that optimal selections in all those cases will be considerably different.
Binaural weighting of monaural spectral cues for sound localization (2007)

For human listeners, cues for vertical-plane localization are provided by direction-dependent pinna filtering. This study quantified listeners' weighting of the spectral cues from each ear as a function of stimulus lateral angle, interaural time difference (ITD), and interaural level difference (ILD). Subjects indicated the apparent position of headphone-presented noise bursts synthesized in virtual auditory space. The synthesis filters for the two ears either corresponded to the same location or to two different locations separated vertically by 20 deg. Weighting of each ear's spectral information was determined by a multiple regression between the elevations to which each ear's spectrum corresponded and the vertical component of listeners' responses. The apparent horizontal source location was controlled either by choosing synthesis filters corresponding to locations on or 30 deg left or right of the median plane or by attenuating or delaying the signal at one ear. For broadband stimuli, spectral weighting and apparent lateral angle were determined primarily by ITD. Only for high-pass stimuli were weighting and lateral angle determined primarily by ILD. The results suggest that the weighting of monaural spectral cues and the perceived lateral angle of a sound source depend similarly on ITD, ILD, and stimulus spectral range.
A Robust and Precise Method for Solving the Permutation Problem of Frequency-Domain Blind Source Separation (2004)

Blind source separation (BSS) for convolutive mixtures can be solved efficiently in the frequency domain, where independent component analysis (ICA) is performed separately in each frequency bin. However, frequency-domain BSS involves a permutation problem: the permutation ambiguity of ICA in each frequency bin should be aligned so that a separated signal in the time-domain contains frequency components of the same source signal. This paper presents a robust and precise method for solving the permutation problem. It is based on two approaches: direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for sources and the interfrequency correlation of signal envelopes. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches, and integrate them to exploit their respective advantages. Furthermore, by utilizing the harmonics of signals, we make the new method robust even for low frequencies where DOA estimation is inaccurate. We also present a new closed-form formula for estimating DOAs from a separation matrix obtained by ICA. Experimental results show that our method provided an almost perfect solution to the permutation problem for a case where two sources were mixed in a room whose reverberation time was 300 ms.
X-ray computed $μ$-tomography for the characterization of optical fibers (2022)

In spite of their ubiquitous applications, the characterization of glass fibers by means of all-optical techniques is still facing some limitations. Recently, X-ray absorption has been proposed as a method for visualizing the inner structure of both standard and microstructure optical fibers. Here, we exploit X-ray absorption as nondestructive technique for the characterization of optical glass fibers. Starting from absorption contrast X-ray computed micro-tomography measurements, we obtain information about the spatial profile of the fiber refractive index at optical frequencies. We confirm the validity of our approach by comparing its results with complementary characterization techniques, based on electron spectroscopy or multiphoton microscopy.
Combinatorial expression motifs in signaling pathways (2022)

Abstract Cell-cell signaling pathways comprise sets of variant receptors that are expressed in different combinations in different cell types. This architecture allows one pathway to be used in a variety of configurations, which could provide distinct functional capabilities, such as responding to different ligand variants. While individual pathways have been well-studied, we have lacked a comprehensive understanding of what receptor combinations are expressed and how they are distributed across cell types. Here, combining data from multiple single-cell gene expression atlases, we analyzed the expression profiles of core signaling pathways, including TGF-β, Notch, Wnt, and Eph-ephrin, as well as non-signaling pathways. In many pathways, a limited set of receptor expression profiles are used recurrently in many distinct cell types. While some recurrent profiles are restricted to groups of closely related cells, others, which we term pathway expression motifs, reappear in distantly related cell types spanning diverse tissues and organs. Motif usage was generally uncorrelated between pathways, remained stable in a given cell type during aging, but could change in sudden punctuated transitions during development. These results suggest a mosaic view of pathway usage, in which the same core pathways can be active in many or most cell types, but operate in one of a handful of distinct modes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Copper(I/II) Oxophosphate Chloride with a Quasi‐One‐ Dimensional μ4‐Oxo‐Bridged Copper(II) Chain. Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of (Na2CuII3(PO4)2)(CuIOCl). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Response to therapy is independently associated with survival prolongation in chronic myelogenous leukemia in the blastic phase (2001)

Response to therapy is a significant independent factor associated with survival prolongation and maybe an acceptable therapeutic endpoint for approving new treatments in CML-BP.