gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The load slice core microarchitecture (2015)

Driven by the motivation to expose instruction-level parallelism (ILP), microprocessor cores have evolved from simple, in-order pipelines into complex, superscalar out-of-order designs. By extracting ILP, these processors also enable parallel cache and memory operations as a useful side-effect. Today, however, the growing off-chip memory wall and complex cache hierarchies of many-core processors make cache and memory accesses ever more costly. This increases the importance of extracting memory hierarchy parallelism (MHP), while reducing the net impact of more general, yet complex and power-hungry ILP-extraction techniques. In addition, for multi-core processors operating in power- and energy-constrained environments, energy-efficiency has largely replaced single-thread performance as the primary concern. Based on this observation, we propose a core microarchitecture that is aimed squarely at generating parallel accesses to the memory hierarchy while maximizing energy efficiency. The Load Slice Core extends the efficient in-order, stall-on-use core with a second in-order pipeline that enables memory accesses and address-generating instructions to bypass stalled instructions in the main pipeline. Backward program slices containing address-generating instructions leading up to loads and stores are extracted automatically by the hardware, using a novel iterative algorithm that requires no software support or recompilation. On average, the Load Slice Core improves performance over a baseline in-order processor by 53% with overheads of only 15% in area and 22% in power, leading to an increase in energy efficiency (MIPS/Watt) over in-order and out-of-order designs by 43% and over 4.7×, respectively. In addition, for a power- and area-constrained many-core design, the Load Slice Core outperforms both in-order and out-of-order designs, achieving a 53% and 95% higher performance, respectively, thus providing an alternative direction for future many-core processors.
Dry development for a directed self-assembly lithography hole-shrink process using CO / H 2 plasma (2015)

A dry development, directed self-assembly lithography (DSAL) hole-shrink process was studied, with a focus on the selectivity of the etching of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) over polystyrene (PS), and the suppression of etch stop. The highly selective etching of PMMA over PS was achieved using CO gas chemistry. However, it was found that the PMMA etching did not proceed beyond a certain depth. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that a deposition layer formed not only on the PS but also on the PMMA. The addition of H2 to the CO plasma was effective in controlling the thickness of the deposition layer and in suppressing the etch stop. The CO/H2 plasma process was combined with ion energy control to achieve a dry development for hole shrinkage. The dry development DSAL hole-shrink process was successfully realized by tailoring the etching gas chemistry and controlling the ion energy.
Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Identification of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum in Bovine Fatal Necrotizing Glossitis. (2002)

A 37-day-old male Japanese black calf showing marked salivation and leucocytosis died and was examined the tissues histologically. Histological lesions were characterized by severe focal necrotic glossitis on the ventral side of the root of the tongue. Immunohistochemically, Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum antigen was detected in the necrotic tissues and its distribution corresponded to that of the gram-negative, nonsporeforming, long filamentous organisms. Ultrastructural similarities between the organism and F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, but not subsp. funduliforme were observed. These findings clearly demonstrated that the fatal necrotic glossitis was caused by F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum. This is the first report of bovine fatal necrotizing glossitis with leucocytosis caused by F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum infection, and this organism may be an important fatal pathogen in calves with glossal lesions.
Infusible thermoplastic resin based sandwich structures for wind blade applications and the influence of scrim on facesheet to core interface debonding (2022)

Infusible thermoplastic Elium® family of resins from Arkema have garnered much attention in recent years as a possible replacement for thermoset resins in laminate and sandwich composite manufacturing for wind blade applications due to its ease of recyclability and the ability to utilize existing manufacturing processes without imposing complicated variations. However, physical and mechanical properties of the proposed Elium® based thermoplastic composites must be comparable to existing epoxy (thermoset) based composites using manufacturing processes relevant for large wind turbine blades. A 13-meter-long demonstration blade was manufactured for that purpose and sandwich samples were obtained from that project for a detailed study. This paper details three-point flexural properties of unidirectional E-glass fiber reinforced acrylic and epoxy based sandwich panels with identical balsa wood core materials. In addition, to evaluate the relative merit considering debond failure mode, the interfacial critical strain energy release rate, predominantly in mode-1, was compared via single cantilever beam testing. In sandwich composites constructed with balsa wood core material, resin uptake by the balsa core is traditionally impeded via the insertion of a scrim material at the facesheet to core interface. Results revealed that inclusion of scrim mesh layer at the facesheet to core interface reduced flexural properties and strain energy release rates in panels infused with acrylic resin but did not significantly reduce these properties in epoxy infused facesheets.
Modern Practice of Diabetic Foot Sampling, Protocols, Pathways, Treatments and Techniques: an audit of specimen transport time from theatre to laboratory for diabetic foot tissue (MODAMP 2) (2023)

Introduction: Outcomes for patients undergoing minor or major amputations as a result of diabetic foot infections are poor. It is essential that specimens taken during investigations for osteomyelitis in these patients are processed correctly. A failure to do this may result in delays in time to start targeted antibiotic therapy and discharge from hospital. Methods: Four hospitals in the West Midlands collected retrospective data on diabetic foot amputations between December 2021 and February 2022. Data on the procedure, specimen collection time, transport medium and specimen receipt time were recorded. The data were analysed to see if they met the recommended standards from the United Kingdom Standards for Microbiology Investigations, which recommends that all specimens taken during the investigation for osteomyelitis should be processed within 2 hours. Results: A total of 129 procedures were performed and 94 of these had specimens taken. Twenty-one specimens (22%) reached the laboratory for processing within the 2-hour recommendation; 15 (29%) of the samples were taken ‘in hours’ and six (14%) were taken ‘out of hours’. Fifty-seven samples had the method of transport recorded, of which 54 (95%) were transported in a dry medium. Conclusion: Improvement is needed to minimise the time samples take to get from theatre to the laboratory. Increased awareness within theatres and microbiology laboratories about the importance of transporting and processing specimens quickly is required, with the result being a quicker diagnosis of osteomyelitis, accurate antibiotic treatment and overall better patient outcomes.
Performance of Buffered Banyan Networks Under Nonuniform Traffic Patterns (2009)

<P>This paper presents an analytical method to evaluate the performance of the buffered Banyan packet-switching network under nonuniform traffic patterns. It is shown that the nonuniform traffic can have a detrimental effect on the performance of the network. The analytical model is extended to evaluate the performance of multibuffer and parallel Banyan networks. These modified networks are shown to have better throughput capacity and delay performance than the single-buffer Banyan network.</P>
Fischer carbene-mediated conversions of enynes to bi- and tricyclic cyclopropane-containing carbon skeletons (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFischer carbene-mediated conversions of enynes to bi- and tricyclic cyclopropane-containing carbon skeletonsPaul F. Korkowski, Thomas R. Hoye, and David B. RydbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8, 2676–2678Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00216a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00216a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
PEG-based Multifunctional Polyethers with Highly Reactive Vinyl-Ether Side Chains for Click-Type Functionalization (2011)

Introduction of highly reactive vinyl ether moieties along a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) backbone has been realized by copolymerization of the novel epoxide monomer ethoxy vinyl glycidyl ether (EVGE) with ethylene oxide (EO). A series of copolymers with varying structure (block and random) as well as EVGE comonomer content (5–100%) with molecular weights in the range of 3,900–13,200 g/mol and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.06–1.20) has been synthesized and characterized with respect to their microstructure and thermal properties. The facile transformation of the vinyl ether side chains in click type reactions was verified by two different post polymerization modification reactions: (i) thiol–ene addition and (ii) acetal formation, employing various model compounds. Both strategies are very efficient, resulting in quantitative conversion. The rapid and complete acetal formation with alcohols results in an acid-labile bond and is thus highly interesting with respect to biomedical applications that require slow or controlled release of a drug, while the thiol–ene addition to a vinyl ether prevents cross-linking efficiently compared to other double bonds.
MAP Kinase–Independent Signaling in Angiotensin II Regulation of Neuromodulation in SHR Neurons (1998)

Angiotensin II (Ang II), via its interaction with the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor subtype, causes enhanced stimulation of norepinephrine (NE) neuromodulation. This involves increased transcription of NE transporter, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine ss-hydroxylase genes in Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) brain neurons. AT1 receptor-mediated regulation of certain signaling events (such as activation of the Ras-Raf-1-mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway, nuclear translocation of transcription factors such as Fos and Jun, and the interactions of these factors with AP-1 binding sites) is involved in this NE neuromodulation (Lu et al. J Cell Biol. 1996;135:1609-1617). The aim of this study was to compare the signal transduction mechanism of Ang II regulation of NE neuromodulation in WKY and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) brain neurons, in view of the fact that AT1 receptor expression and Ang II stimulation of NE neuromodulation are higher in SHR neurons compared with WKY neurons. Despite this hyperactivity, Ang II stimulation of Ras, Raf-1, and MAP kinase activities was comparable between the neurons from WKY and SHR. Similarly, central injections of Ang II caused a comparable stimulation of MAP kinase in the hypothalamic and brain stem areas of adult WKY and SHR. Inhibition of MAP kinase by either an MAP kinase kinase inhibitor (PD98059) or an MAP kinase antisense oligonucleotide completely attenuated the stimulatory effects of Ang II on [3H]-NE uptake, NE transporter mRNA, and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels in WKY neurons. These treatments resulted in only 43% to 50% inhibition of [3H]-NE uptake and NE transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNAs in SHR neurons. Thus, Ang II stimulation of NE neuromodulation was completely blocked by MAP kinase inhibition in WKY neurons and only partially blocked in the SHR neurons. These observations suggest the presence of an additional signal transduction pathway involved in NE neuromodulation in SHR neurons that is independent of the MAP kinase pathway.
Google distance analysis of the MIT curriculum (2006)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.
Acylation of Tropane Alkaloids Displaying Reversed Diastereoselectivities under Enzymatic versus Chemical Conditions (2007)

Lipase-mediated monoacetylation of 6,7-dihydroxytropinones 4 gave acetates 5, ent-5 which were analyzed as Mosher esters 9a, b by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. However, the hydroxy groups in 4 were not differentiated by lipases. Reduction of the keto function and subsequent silylation afforded a mixture of endo/exo-TBS ethers 11, which were dihydroxylated to give the corresponding diols endo/exo-12. In chemical acetylation a change of the endo/exo ratio in favor of the endo-derivative endo-13 was observed, whereas the formation of the exo-acetate exo-13 dominated in lipase-catalyzed acylation reactions. A mechanistic proposal is given.
Theory and Modeling the Horizontal Refraction in Shallow Water (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Boris Katsnelson, Mohsen Badiey; Theory and Modeling the Horizontal Refraction in Shallow Water. AIP Conf. Proc. 6 September 2010; 1272 (1): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3493104 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Graphene Nanoribbons as Low Band Gap Donor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: Quantum Chemical Aided Design (2012)

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are strips of graphene cut along a specific direction that feature peculiar electronic and optical properties owing to lateral confinement effects. We show here by means of (time-dependent) density functional theory calculations that GNRs with properly designed edge structures fulfill the requirements in terms of electronic level alignment with common acceptors (namely, C(60)), solar light harvesting, and singlet-triplet exchange energy to be used as low band gap semiconductors for organic photovoltaics.
[Neoplastic angioendotheliosis: a case of T cell lymphoma positive for S-100 protein]. (1989)

A 63-year-old woman presented with painless, firm, subcutaneous nodules on her legs and trunk. The lesions were annular or serpiginous and their surface was livid-red to pale-red. Superficial lymph nodes were not palpable. Upper gastrointestinal series, barium enema, Ga scintigraphy, and CT findings were negative. Histological examination revealed deep dermal vessels occupied by neoplastic cells and fibrin thrombi. We diagnosed her as having neoplastic angioendotheliosis. Electron microscopically, tumor cells lacked Weibel-Palade bodies. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen, T11, MT-1, HLA-DR and S-100 protein. They were negative for Factor VIII-related antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, B-1, and B-2. Immunoelectron microscopic study showed that their nuclei, cytoplasma, and cell membranes were positive for S-100 protein. Based on these findings, we diagnosed her as having T cell lymphoma. The patient rejected chemotherapy and was discharged. Three months after discharge, right hemiplegia developed. Brain CT scan revealed enhanced masses in the left frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Craniotomy showed only gliosis and hemorrhage. She died of cerebral bleeding three months after craniotomy.
<i>Aspergillus</i> Mycoviruses Are Targets and Suppressors of RNA Silencing (2007)

RNA silencing can function as a virus defense mechanism in a diverse range of eukaryotes, and many viruses are capable of suppressing the silencing machinery targeting them. However, the extent to which this occurs between fungal RNA silencing and mycoviruses is unclear. Here, three Aspergillus dsRNA mycoviruses were partially characterized, and their relationship to RNA silencing was investigated. Aspergillus virus 1816 is related to Agaricus bisporus white button mushroom virus 1 and suppresses RNA silencing through a mechanism that alters the level of small interfering RNA. Aspergillus virus 178 is related to RNA virus L1 of Gremmeniella abietina and does not appear to affect RNA silencing. The third virus investigated, Aspergillus virus 341, is distantly related to Sphaeropsis sapinea RNA virus 2. Detection of mycovirus-derived siRNA from this mycovirus demonstrates that it is targeted for degradation by the Aspergillus RNA silencing machinery. Thus, our results indicate that Aspergillus mycoviruses are both targets and suppressors of RNA silencing. In addition, they suggest that the morphological and physiological changes associated with some mycoviruses could be a result of their antagonistic relationship with RNA silencing.
FSH-metabolic circuitry and menopause (2019)

FSH has a primary function in procreation, wherein it induces estrogen production in females and regulates spermatogenesis in males. However, in line with our discoveries over the past decade of non-unitary functions of pituitary hormones, we and others have described hitherto uncharacterized functions of FSH. Through high-affinity receptors, some of which are variants of the ovarian FSH receptor (FSHR), FSH regulates bone mass, adipose tissue function, energy metabolism, and cholesterol production in both sexes. These newly described actions of FSH may indeed be relevant to the pathogenesis of bone loss, dysregulated energy homeostasis, and disordered lipid metabolism that accompany the menopause in females and aging in both genders. We are therefore excited about the possibility of modulating circulating FSH levels toward a therapeutic benefit for a host of age-associated diseases, including osteoporosis, obesity and dyslipidemia, among other future possibilities.
Low complexity interleaved sub-carrier allocation in OFDM multiple access systems (2005)

In multicarrier (MC) systems, a possible multiple access scheme is obtained by assigning a disjoint set of sub-carriers to different users. If a user is assigned a set of maximally spaced sub-carriers, then we have an interleaved assignment. This approach is particularly interesting because of the possible independency among the sub-carriers allocated to a single user. We propose a new method to carry out an interleaved sub-carrier assignment efficiently in MC frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems. According to the conventional approach, the assignment of the sub-carriers to the different users is accomplished prior to the MC modulation that is performed over all the sub-carriers within the bandwidth. The proposed method enables the MC modulation/demodulation of only the sub-carriers really assigned to a specific user, thus becoming much simpler to implement than the conventional approach.
Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Using Alternative and Simple Ultrasonic Vibration System (2010)

Abstract Advantage of ultrasonic vibrating system over usual method (under simply rapid stirring) for the synthesis of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) is illustrated here. Ultrasonication helps in dispersion of NaOH into the aluminum solution. Coagulants were synthesized at two different OH/Al ratios (1.0 and 2.4). Aluminum present in the coagulants as monomeric, oligomeric and colloidal form was analyzed by Al‐Ferron timed spectroscopy; and 27 Al‐NMR spectroscopy. PACls synthesized under ultrasonic vibrating system generated more oligomeric Al species compared to the PACls prepared by usual method, and gave better coagulation/flocculation efficiency.
Influence of experimental methods on the mechanical properties of silk fibers: A systematic literature review and future road map (2023)

Spider silk fibers are of scientific and industrial interest because of their extraordinary mechanical properties. These properties are normally determined by tensile tests, but the values obtained are dependent on the morphology of the fibers, the test conditions, and the methods by which stress and strain are calculated. Because of this, results from many studies are not directly comparable, which has led to widespread misconceptions in the field. Here, we critically review most of the reports from the past 50 years on spider silk mechanical performance and use artificial spider silk and native silks as models to highlight the effect that different experimental setups have on the fibers' mechanical properties. The results clearly illustrate the importance of carefully evaluating the tensile test methods when comparing the results from different studies. Finally, we suggest a protocol for how to perform tensile tests on silk and biobased fibers.
Dissolutions of Inclusions in Low-Alloy Steel Exposed to Chloride-Containing Environments (1987)

The role played by non-metallic inclusions in the nucleation of pitting corrosion in low-alloy steels is determined by the detailed analysis of the inclusions in an AISI 1536 steel and their behavior on exposure to ferric chloride and sodium chloride solutions at various pH values. It is found that the sulfide phases of the inclusions are preferentially dissolved in all cases, leading to disintegration of these inclusions. Otherwise, there is evidence that sulfide-free inclusions can behave cathodically with respect to the steel matrix, leading to localized attack of the matrix. A scheme for categorizing the inclusion attack is proposed.