gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational analysis of aeroacoustic noise generated from a rotating tire with a longitudinal groove (2016)

It is known that acoustic waves which is higher than 1000 Hz are generated from a rotating tire, and one possibility of their generation mechanism is aeroacoustic effect. The main objective of this study is to understand the generation mechanism and acoustic wave characteristic for realization of low noise tire. For this main objective, the effects of a longitudinal groove shape on acoustic field are investigated in the present study. Three cases, without a groove case (slick tire), a small longitudinal groove and large longitudinal groove are analyzed by large eddy simulations. The result shows that compression or expansion of the vortex is alleviated and weaken sound source by attaching a groove on tire surface. On the other hand, we also confirm that a groove contributes generation of new fluctuation and affects the spread of fluctuations. It can be considered that acoustic fields of front side of tire are affected by a tradeoff between the effect of compression or expansion of the vortex and those of the spread of fluctuation.
A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Versus Open Surgical Techniques in the Treatment of Spinal Metastases (2017)

Level 3.
Tyrosinase gene (<i>TYR</i>) mutations in Chinese patients with oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (2009)

We have identified five different TYR mutations, including one novel mutation, which caused oculocutaneous albinism type 1 in Chinese. Further analysis of the patients will be useful to determine the effects of these mutations on the tyrosinase activities.
The influence of both coordination number and lattice constant on the nonmetal to metal transition (2000)

We show that both coordination and lattice constant can have an important influence on the nonmetal to metal transition and the two parameters are not easily separated. Using example theoretical calculations for barium, we provide a compelling case that atomic coordination is a critical factor in determining the critical lattice constant for the nonmetal to metal transition. A comparison between the nonmetal to metal transition three-dimensional and two-dimensional systems is not possible on the basis of the atomic coordination alone. This is discussed in the context of a comparison of the available experimental data for both elemental expanded fluids (three-dimensional) and overlayers (quasi-two-dimensional).
Resonance Raman and absorption spectroscopy of 2- and 3-methyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in the T1 state: steric control of excited-state molecular structure (1992)

Resonance Raman (RR) spectra of (E)-2-methyl-1,3,5-hexatriene [(E)-2-MHT], (E)-4-deuterio-2-methyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, (Z)-2-methyl-1,3,5-hexatriene [(Z)-2-MHT], (E)-3-methyl-1,3,5-hexatriene [(E)-3-MHT], and (Z)-3-methyl-1,3,5-hexatriene [(Z)-3-MHT] in the lowest triplet state T1 are reported and discussed. QCFF/PI calculations are performed to determine energies and optimized geometries in the S0, T1, and Tn electronic states. For each T1 species, T1 Æ Tn transitions, vibrational frequencies, and RR intensities are calculated and compared with the observed frequencies and intensities. The ground-state distribution of rotamers is shown to be preserved upon excitation to T1 and during the T1 lifetime (NEER principle). In contrast, the E and Z isomers associated with the torsion around the central CC bond are found to equilibrate in T1 according to the Boltzmann rule. In 2-MHT, the T1 RR spectrum is attributed to both the E and Z forms, the former being dominant. For (E)-2-MHT, only the tt conformer is shown to be present, while for (Z)-2-MHT also the contribution of the ct conformer is demonstrated. The T1 RR spectrum of 3-MHT receives a larger contribution from the Z than from the E isomer. The spectra obtained from (E)-3-MHT and (Z)-3-MHT are identical, since in both isomers only the tt conformer is present. Measurements of time-resolved triplet-triplet absorption as a function of temperature yield activation energies and frequency factors for the decay of the T1 state of (E)-2-MHT and (Z)-3-MHT. The implications of these results on the shape of the T1 potential energy curves are discussed.
Using input minimization to train a cerebellar model to simulate regulation of smooth pursuit (2009)

Cerebellar learning appears to be driven by motor error, but whether or not error signals are provided by climbing fibers (CFs) remains a matter of controversy. Here we show that a model of the cerebellum can be trained to simulate the regulation of smooth pursuit eye movements by minimizing its inputs from parallel fibers (PFs), which carry various signals including error and efference copy. The CF spikes act as "learn now" signals. The model can be trained to simulate the regulation of smooth pursuit of visual objects following circular or complex trajectories and provides insight into how Purkinje cells might encode pursuit parameters. In minimizing both error and efference copy, the model demonstrates how cerebellar learning through PF input minimization (InMin) can make movements more accurate and more efficient. An experimental test is derived that would distinguish InMin from other models of cerebellar learning which assume that CFs carry error signals.
On the infrared spectrum of solid hydrogen deuteride (1990)

The spectrum of solid hydrogen deuteride has been studied in the far-infrared (80–200 cm −1 ) and mid-infrared (3600–4500 cm −1 ) regions using a Fourier transform spectrometer and a moderately high spectral resolution of 0.09 cm −1 . Spectra of the liquid were also recorded for comparison purposes. The pure rotational R 0 (0) transition at 88 cm −1 was found to have an integrated intensity of 1.78 ± 0.10 cm −2 , in good agreement with a recent theoretical prediction. The shape of R 0 (0) appears to be best represented as the sum of two near-Lorentzian components. These may be related to the presence or absence of nearest neighbor H 2 or D 2 impurities in the crystal. The fundamental band in the mid-infrared is more complicated, and its detailed shape is not completely understood at this time. The profile of the band in the 3710 cm −1 region of the R 1 (0) transition is compared with a recent theoretical calculation. The presence of numerous sharp lines due to Q 1 (1) transitions in impurity H 2 molecules around 4150 cm −1 is also noted.
Decreased Plasma Pancreatic Polypeptide Levels in Pregnancy* (1981)

A crude relaxin preparation has been obtained from the basal plate region of electric cesarean section human placentae, as well as normal term placentae. The relaxin isolated has different charge properties by ion exchange chromatography from porcine relaxin, although it is of approximately the same molecular size. The most potent fraction obtained has approximately 0.7% of the immunoactivity of purified porcine relaxin when compared with porcine relaxin in a RIA based on porcine material, suggesting significant amino acid sequence differences between the putative human relaxin and its porcine counterpart.
Springboard Droplet Bouncing on Flexible Superhydrophobic Substrates (2017)

Droplet impact on rigid, superhydrophobic surfaces follows the well-known spreading, recoil, and lift-off behavior at lower impact speeds (a), and splashing at higher impact speeds (b). The contact time tc of these bouncing droplets is independent of the impact speed, and difficult to control. Using high speed imaging (9500 fps) of water droplets impacting superhydrophobic substrates with stiffness 0.5 to 7630 N/m (rigid), we were able to show that substrate flexibility can reduce contact times. Upon impact on a flexible substrate, the droplet excites the substrate to oscillate at the membrane or cantilever natural frequency (d). The oscillation accelerates the droplet upwards, initiating early droplet lift-off at the edges of the droplet close to the point of maximum spreading (c). Droplets fully lift off before fully recoiling, i.e. in a pancake shape. We call this phenomenon the springboard effect. Contact times are reduced by up to 50% compared to rigid substrates.
Shared Allergenic Activity in Asian &lt;i&gt;(Blattella asahinai)&lt;/i&gt;, German &lt;i&gt;(Blattella germanica)&lt;/i&gt;, American &lt;i&gt;(Periplaneta americana)&lt;/i&gt;, and Oriental &lt;i&gt;(Blatta orientalis)&lt;/i&gt; Cockroach Species (1990)

Whole-body extracts of the feral and peridomestic Asian cockroach &lt;i&gt;(Blattella asahinai) &lt;/i&gt;and the three domestic cockroach species, German &lt;i&gt;(Blattella germanica), &lt;/i&gt;American &lt;i&gt;(Periplaneta americana), &lt;/i&gt;and Oriental &lt;i&gt;(Blatta orientalis), &lt;/i&gt;were compared allergenically using an IgE serum pool from 4 German cockroach sensitive individuals. In crossover radioallergosorbent inhibition analysis, the Asian cockroach shared allergenic activity primarily with the German cockroach polymer and to a lesser extent with either the American or Oriental cockroach polymers. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and thin-layer isoelectric focusing analysis of the extracts showed similar although varying intensities of Coomassie blue stained banding patterns among five extracts analyzed. Electroblotting analysis with 12.5% SDS-PAGE of the whole-body German cockroach extract and IgE serum from individuals sensitive to German cockroach revealed eight allergenic components with apparent molecular weights of 92, 80, 67, 48, 36, 27, 25 and 18 kD. Five components could be identified in the whole-body extract of the Asian cockroach corresponding to apparent molecular weights of 92, 67, 48, 40, and 32 kD. Analysis of individual serum by immunoblot analysis with each of the cockroach extracts showed considerable heterogenicity in the IgE-binding pattern. Although the Asian cockroach demonstrated considerable cross-reacting allergenic components to German and relatively fewer cross-reacting allergenic components to either the Oriental or American, it is too early to establish genus- or species-specific cockroach allergens. It is important to point out that German cockroach sensitive individuals should be made aware of the potential exposure of Asian cockroach aeroallergens both indoors and outdoors in areas with high infestations of Asian cockroaches.
Increasing Cutting Tool Efficiency When Machining Regulatory Spindles Made from Ion Nitrided Nimonic 901 for Steam Turbine Valves (2015)

This article deals with issues during production of nimonic spindles used for controlling the volume of steam in the valves of steam turbines. With more extreme operating conditions in the power plant block with ultra-super-critical parameters of steam, the production of a conventional steel spindle is not suitable. This article describes machining technology for nickel alloy Nimonic 901. Ceramic or carbide cutting tools were used for the machining process. The text deals with progress of tool wear of the cutting edge. It describes the machining process to reduce tool wear during cutting. The second part of the report describes the process of ion nitriding nimonic spindles. The main aim was to get the best sliding properties on the surface of the spindle. The experiments confirmed the correctness of the solution. After nitriding several tests were performed, for example progress of microhardness of the nitrided layer and analysis of track wear after pin on disc test.
Sensitive analysis of recombination activity using integrated cell surface reporter substrates (1999)

The high sensitivity of this system allows precise detection of very rare recombination events and thus permits the study of cell types with extremely low recombination activities.
Microfluidic platform generates oxygen landscapes for localized hypoxic activation (2014)

An open-well microfluidic platform generates an oxygen landscape using gas-perfused networks which diffuse across a membrane. The device enables real-time analysis of cellular and tissue responses to oxygen tension to define how cells adapt to heterogeneous oxygen conditions found in the physiological setting. We demonstrate that localized hypoxic activation of cells elicited specific metabolic and gene responses in human microvascular endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A robust demonstration of the compatibility of the device with standard laboratory techniques demonstrates the wide utility of the method. This platform is ideally suited to study real-time cell responses and cell-cell interactions within physiologically relevant oxygen landscapes.
Multi-Column Experimental Test Bed for Xe/Kr Separation (2015)

Previous research studies have shown that INL-developed engineered form sorbents are capable of capturing both Kr and Xe from various composite gas streams. The previous experimental test bed provided single column testing for capacity evaluations over a broad temperature range. To advance research capabilities, the employment of an additional column to study selective capture of target species to provide a defined final gas composition for waste storage was warranted. The second column addition also allows for compositional analyses of the final gas product to provide for final storage determinations. The INL krypton capture system was modified by adding an additional adsorption column in order to create a multi-column test bed. The purpose of this modification was to investigate the separation of xenon from krypton supplied as a mixed gas feed. The extra column was placed in a Stirling Ultra-low Temperature Cooler, capable of controlling temperatures between 190 and 253K. Additional piping and valves were incorporated into the system to allow for a variety of flow path configurations. The new column was filled with the AgZ-PAN sorbent which was utilized as the capture medium for xenon while allowing the krypton to pass through. The xenon-free gas stream was then routed to the cryostat filled with the HZ-PAN sorbent to capture the krypton at 191K. Selectivities of xenon over krypton were determined using the new column to verify the system performance and to establish the operating conditions required for multi-column testing. Results of these evaluations verified that the system was operating as designed and also demonstrated that AgZ-PAN exhibits excellent selectivity for xenon over krypton in air at or near room temperature. Two separation tests were performed utilizing a feed gas consisting of 1000 ppmv xenon and 150 ppmv krypton with the balance being made up of air. The AgZ-PAN temperature was held at 295 or 253K while the HZ-PAN was held at 191K for both tests. The effluent from the AgZ-PAN column was monitored via GC-TCD during the tests with no xenon being observed exiting the column during either test. Samples from each column were taken via evacuated sample bombs and were analyzed by GC-MS analysis. The results demonstrated the ability to separate xenon from krypton from a mixed gas feed utilizing the new multi-column system.
4 Gbps PAM-4 and DMT Free Space Transmission using a 4.65-pm Quantum Cascaded Laser at Room Temperature (2017)

We experimentally demonstrate 4Gbps PAM-4 and DMT transmissions using a quantum cascaded laser (QCL) emitting at mid-wavelength infrared of 4.65-μm and a commercial infrared photovoltaic detector. The QCL is directly modulated and operated at room temperature with Peltier Cooling.
BIOMRC: A Dataset for Biomedical Machine Reading Comprehension (2020)

We introduce BIOMRC, a large-scale cloze-style biomedical MRC dataset. Care was taken to reduce noise, compared to the previous BIOREAD dataset of Pappas et al. (2018). Experiments show that simple heuristics do not perform well on the new dataset, and that two neural MRC models that had been tested on BIOREAD perform much better on BIOMRC, indicating that the new dataset is indeed less noisy or at least that its task is more feasible. Non-expert human performance is also higher on the new dataset compared to BIOREAD, and biomedical experts perform even better. We also introduce a new BERT-based MRC model, the best version of which substantially outperforms all other methods tested, reaching or surpassing the accuracy of biomedical experts in some experiments. We make the new dataset available in three different sizes, also releasing our code, and providing a leaderboard.
A novel method for in situ TEM measurements of adhesion at the diamond–metal interface (2021)

The procedure for in situ TEM measurements of bonding strength (adhesion) between diamond and the metal matrix using a Hysitron PI 95 TEM Picoindenter holder for mechanical tests and Push-to-Pull devices was proposed. For tensile tests, dog-bone shaped lamellae 280-330 nm thick and ~ 2.5 µm long were used as objects of study. The lamellae were manufactured using the focused ion beam technology from the metal-diamond interface of diamond-containing composite material with a single-phase binder made of Fe-Co-Ni alloy. The experimentally determined bonding strength was 110 MPa.
Experimental Density of Ionic Liquids and Thermodynamic Modeling with Group Contribution Equation of State Based on the Lattice Fluid Theory (2015)

In this work are reported densities of protic and aprotic ionic liquids in a wide temperature range, at ambient pressure, and a thermodynamic modeling is performed through Mattedi–Tavares–Castier, the EOS is based on lattice gas theory. The results are quite satisfactory with deviations smaller than 0.05%. The densities of aprotic ionic liquids are presented with greater magnitudes compared to protic ILs, revealing significant differences between levels of cohesion and electrostatic contributions among the protic and aprotic ionic liquids.
An Algorithm for Shoulder Pain Caused by Soft-Tissue Disorders (1990)

Painful shoulders are commonly caused by disorders of periarticular soft tissues, especially rotator cuff tendinopathies. In contrast to arthritic conditions of the shoulder, soft-tissue disorders can present a diagnostic dilemma that often results in the use of such nonspecific or unproved terminologies as periarthritis or bursitis. To promote an efficient use of investigative studies necessary to arrive at a proper diagnosis, an algorithm can serve as a guide for clinicians in the diagnosis and management of common, nonarthritic conditions of painful shoulders.
Simple and Cheap Theia: ˇ Networking for Ultra-Dense Data Centers (2014)

Recent trends to pack data centers with more CPUs per rack have led to a scenario in which each individual rack may contain hundreds, or even thousands, of compute nodes using system-on-chip (SoC) architectures. At this increased scale, traditional rack-level star topologies with a top-ofrack (ToR) switch as the hub and servers as the leaves are no longer feasible in terms of monetary cost, physical space, and oversubscription. We propose Theia, an architecture to connect hundreds of SoC nodes within a rack, using inexpensive, low-latency, hardware elements to group the rack’s servers into subsets which we term SubRacks. We then replace the traditional per-rack ToR with a low-latency, passive, circuit-style patch panel that interconnects these SubRacks. We explore alternatives for the rack-level topology implemented by this patch panel, and we consider approaches for interconnecting racks within a data center. Finally, we investigate options for routing over these new topologies. Our proposal of Theia is unique in that it offers the flexibility of a packet-switched networking over a fixed circuit topology.
An Architecture for Fully Reconfigurable Plug-and-Play Wireless Sensor Network Testbed (2015)

In this paper we propose an architecture for fullyreconfigurable, plug-and-play wireless sensor network testbed. The proposed architecture is able to reconfigure and support easy experimentation and testing of standard protocol stacks (i.e. uIPv4 and uIPv6) as well as non-standardized clean-slate protocol stacks (e.g. configured using RIME). The parameters of the protocol stacks can be remotely reconfigured through an easy to use RESTful API. Additionally, we are able to fully reconfigure clean-slate protocol stacks at run-time. The architecture enables easy set-up of the network - plug - by using a protocol that automatically sets up a multi-hop network (i.e. RPL protocol) and it enables reconfiguration and experimentation - play - by using a simple, RESTful interaction with each node individually. The reference implementation of the architecture uses a dual-stack Contiki OS with the ProtoStack tool for dynamic composition of services.
Impact time guidance for large heading errors using sliding mode control (2015)

In this paper, sliding mode control-based impact time guidance laws are proposed. Even for large heading angle errors and negative initial closing speeds, the desired impact time is achieved by enforcing a sliding mode on a switching surface designed by using the concepts of collision course and estimated time-to-go. Unlike existing guidance laws, the proposed guidance strategy achieves impact time successfully even when the estimated interception time is greater than the desired impact time. Simulation results are also presented.
Ocular Gene Therapy: Experimental Studies and Clinical Possibilities (1997)

The Human Genome Project will identify, map and sequence all 50,000-100,000 human genes and will provide the tools to determine the genetic basis of both common and rare diseases. Understanding the genetic basis of human disease will allow for the development of highly specific drugs and for replacement of the altered gene through gene therapy. Gene therapy may also be used to introduce a new function into cells with resulting therapeutic benefit. Genes may be delivered into cells in vitro or in vivo utilizing viral or nonviral vectors. Viral vectors which have been used include retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses and herpes viruses. Ocular disorders with the greatest potential for benefit of gene therapy at the current time include hereditary ocular diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa, tumors such as retinoblastoma or melanoma, and acquired proliferative and neovascular retinal disorders. We have demonstrated the feasibility of ocular gene therapy in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, using retroviral vectors containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase 'suicide' gene. Although in vivo transduction efficiency is low, the strong bystander effect results in prominent killing of proliferating cells in this model leading to inhibition of disease. In the future, gene therapy has the potential for the replacement of defective gene products or introduction of new gene products into ocular cells. The selection of appropriate target genes and cells will be critical, as will the development of a methodology for safe, targeted gene transfer.
Nanoscale Curvature Effect on Ordering of N<sub>2</sub> Molecules Adsorbed on Single Wall Carbon Nanotube (2007)

The experimental adsorption isotherm of N2 molecules on mutually isolated single wall carbon nanotubes at 77 K agreed well with the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulated one. The N2 adsorption isotherm had two steps stemming from monolayer formation on the internal surface and filling of the residual space of the internal tube pore. Although all of radial distribution functions of molecules adsorbed on the internal, external, and flat surfaces indicated a hexagonal packing structure, the radial distribution functions were different from each other. In particular, the radial distribution function of the monolayer on the internal surface showed an additional peak because of the markedly curved surface.
Li-ion site disorder driven superionic conductivity in solid electrolytes: a first-principles investigation of β-Li<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub> (2016)

A schematic representation of the configurational energy landscape linking configurational and vibrational entropy to ionic transport.