gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Film Balance and Fluorescence Microscopic Investigation of the Effects of Ca<sup>2+</sup> on Mixed DMPC/DMPG Monolayers (1998)

Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) mixed monolayers at the air-water interface, with and without 5 mM calcium in the subphases, were investigated by pressure−area measurements and simultaneous fluorescence microscopy. Condensed-phase domains were observed over both types of subphases and quantified by analyzing the microscope images. The domains' shape changed and area increased with the mole fraction of DMPG, and hysteresis effects in the compression−decompression cycles were more prevalent on the PG-rich side of the phase diagram. The origin of hysteresis and other nonequilibrium effects in monolayers is discussed, and the equilibrium pressure−composition phase diagram for this binary system is presented which shows a measured liquidus curve and calculated solidus curve. The overall effect of calcium is to facilitate formation of condensed-phase domains.
Falls Associated with Lower-Extremity-Nerve Blocks (2007)

Objective:Documented falls after lower-extremity-nerve blocks are rare. We believe this paucity of documented falls is the result of underreporting and the lack of serious complications resulting from these falls. In addition, the mechanism(s) for falls after lower-extremity-nerve blocks has not bee
Murine mPGES-1 3D Structure Elucidation and Inhibitors Binding Mode Predictions by Homology Modeling and Site-Directed Mutagenesis (2013)

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) constitutes an inducible glutathione-dependent integral membrane protein that catalyzes the oxido-reduction of cyclooxygenase derived PGH₂ into PGE₂. mPGES-1 is an essential enzyme involved in a variety of human diseases or pathological conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, fever, and pain; it is therefore regarded as a primary target for development of next-generation anti-inflammatory drugs. Several compounds targeting human mPGES-1 have been reported in the literature. However, none of them is really specific for mPGES-1, and quite surprisingly, all of these compounds have very low or no activity against murine mPGES-1, making preclinical development hard and very expensive. In order to overcome this unresolved question, the current study focuses on the elucidation of the molecular determinants of murine mPGES-1 ligand binding modes combining protein homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis approaches. We have developed, for the first time, two murine mPGES-1 models, describing both the closed and the open/active conformation of the enzyme. The 3D structure of human mPGES-1 having been recently disclosed, the main differences between the human and the murine enzyme models are described, emphasizing the smaller dimensions of the rodent substrate binding site, which could account for different activity of a ligand toward the two species. Furthermore, active binding modes are hypothesized, highlighting the most likely important residues for inhibition activity, whose identification is supported by in-house mutagenesis experiments. The results of our work could provide grounds for a rational structure-based drug design aimed to identify new inhibitors active against both human and murine mPGES-1.
Supplementary Figure 3 from The Impact of miRNA-Based Molecular Diagnostics and Treatment of NRF2-Stabilized Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 86K, Expression analysis for NRF2 expression in miRNA-transfected cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Immunoreactive levels of myosin light-chain kinase in normal and virus-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. (1984)

Calmodulin, a calcium-modulated effector protein, is an important mediator of the intracellular actions of calcium through its interaction with calmodulin-binding proteins. We report here that the immunoreactive levels of a calmodulin-binding protein, myosin light-chain kinase, are decreased in transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts.
Activation of protein kinase C sensitizes human VR1 to capsaicin and to moderate decreases in pH at physiological temperatures in Xenopus oocytes (2002)

The two-electrode voltage-clamp technique was used to evaluate the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) activation on ion current flow in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with cRNA coding for the human vanilloid receptor (VR1). In the presence of 30 nM phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), current evoked by an effective concentration (EC(30)) of capsaicin (CAP) was potentiated by 638+/-117% (n=8). PDBu exhibited an EC(50) of about 17+/-3 nM for this effect (n=8). Potentiation was not observed when VR1 expressing oocytes were exposed to both 30 nM PDBu and 1 microM staurosporine. In the presence of 300 nM PDBu, the EC(50) for CAP shifted from 899+/-78 to 139+/-2 1 nM (n=11 and 5, respectively). In the presence of 30 nM PDBu, the maximal current amplitude evoked by application of CAP increased by 86+/-21% (n=10), in a staurosporine sensitive manner. Application of 1 microM PDBu alone elicited a capsazepine sensitive current within 3 min of exposure. This effect was observed in the absence of previous exposure of the oocyte to CAP and was abolished in the presence of 1 microM staurosporine. No current was elicited during a 10 min application of 300 nM PDBu, the longest interval assessed. Prior to 30 nM PDBu exposure, no current was evoked at temperature ramps from room temperature (22-23 degrees C) up to 37 degrees C at pH 6.8, 7.0, or 7.4. Following PDBu treatment, VR1 mediated current was evoked at 26 degrees C at pH 7.0. Likewise, following 30 nM PDBu treatment, current was evoked by application of pH 6.8 alone and a further increase in current amplitude was evoked by heat at 24 degrees C in a staurosporine sensitive manner. These data provide direct evidence that PKC activation can increase VR1 current evoked by candidate physiological activators, pH and heat. This observation provides an empirical foundation for explaining some types of inflammatory pain in terms of PKC activation, small decreases in tissue pH levels, and small increases in skin temperature, all of which can accompany inflammatory conditions.
Translational discrimination between embryonic and adult mouse globin mRNAs in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. (1981)

In the present study mouse adult (alpha, beta) and embryonic globin (x, y, z) mRNas are compared for their capacity of being translated in a micrococcus nuclease treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The results of these experiments indicate that: 1) alpha and beta adult RNAs are translated with a higher efficiency as compared to the alpha-like and beta-like embryonic mRNAs; 2) adult beta and embryonic beta-like messengers are translated more efficiently than their corresponding adult alpha and embryonic alpha-like messengers; 3) the alpha/beta synthetic ratio, both for adult and embryonic globins is highly dependent upon the concentration of globin mRNAs. For embryonic globins the ratio decreases from 0.21 at low mRNA concentration to 0.11 at high mRNA concentration. For adult globin mRNAs the alpha/beta chain synthetic ratio decreases from 1.4 to 0.9 within the same range of concentration.
Supplementary Table 4 from MAP Kinase Pathway Alterations in &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;-Mutant Melanoma Patients with Acquired Resistance to Combined RAF/MEK Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file 12K, Candidate Resistance Genes from RNAi and ORF Functional Screens&lt;/p&gt;
Prebiotic treatment of experimental colitis with germinated barley foodstuff: A comparison with probiotic or antibiotic treatment (2002)

There is increasing evidence that intestinal microflora play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Therefore, modification of the microflora by prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics may be a rational approach for controlling intestinal inflammation. Germinated barley food-stuff (GBF) is an insoluble mixture of glutamine-rich protein and hemicellulose-rich dietary fiber. GBF is utilized efficiently by Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Eubacterium and converted by them into lactate, acetate, and butyrate. These bacterial organic acids preserve a favorable intestinal condition. We have previously shown that GBF has attenuated intestinal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis and experimental colitis models through prebiotic actions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of GBF with that of probiotics and antibiotics in an experimental colitis model. Colitis was induced by feeding male SD rats with a diet containing 3.0-3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The therapeutic effect of oral administration of a prebiotic (GBF), probiotics (mixture of Lactobacillus and Clostridium butyricum), antibiotics (vancomycin, metronidazole), and the vehicle was determined by assessing clinical and pathological scores on day 6 after initiation of colitis. Butyrate concentrations in the cecal content were also determined. GBF treatment significantly reduced colonic inflammation as assessed by clinical scores with an increase in cecal butyrate levels. Probiotic treatment with a mixture of Lactobacillus and Clostridium butyricum did not show such an effect. Both antibiotic treatments significantly attenuated clinical and pathological scores. However, in contrast to GBF, this treatment led to a significant decrease in cecal butyrate levels. These data suggest that modification of the intestinal microflora by prebiotics, including GBF, may serve as a useful adjunct in the treatment of ulcerative colitis as well as antibiotic treatment.
Human erythrocyte filterability at low driving pressure (2009)

In this study, the human RBC capillary flow has been modeled by passing 11 microl of RBC suspension (Hematocrit = 6%) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of a viscosity of 1 and 2.6 cP (in the presence of 2% Dextran) through 5 microm pore diameter polycarbonate Nuclepore filters. We have developed a digitally controlled experimental system for measuring the RBC filterability at a constant driving pressure, in the range of 10-400 Pa, producing a wall shear stress range of 1-50 Pa. The RBC filterability was evaluated by measuring the cell suspension flow rate normalized by the PBS flow rate. The RBC filterability has been found to be a nonlinear function of the driving pressure, having a single minimum locus at 25 Pa. Lowering the driving pressure below 25 Pa revealed an unexpected increase of the RBC filterability.The maximal RBC filterability (near unity) was detected at the lowest driving pressure (10 Pa) and the corresponding estimated RBC linear velocity while traveling through the capillary pore was as high as 800 microm/s. Increasing the driving pressure above 25 Pa confirmed previous results, where RBC filterability is monotonically and asymptotically increasing. Increasing the PBS medium viscosity from 1 to 2.26 cP significantly attenuated the RBC filterability and led to the anomalous increase of RBC deformability at the 10 Pa pressure range. We propose that the anomalous increase in RBC deformability was caused by RBCs undergoing spontaneous mechanical fluctuations.
Fcγ receptors: genetic variation, function, and disease (2015)

Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are key immune receptors responsible for the effective control of both humoral and innate immunity and are central to maintaining the balance between generating appropriate responses to infection and preventing autoimmunity. When this balance is lost, pathology results in increased susceptibility to cancer, autoimmunity, and infection. In contrast, optimal FcγR engagement facilitates effective disease resolution and response to monoclonal antibody immunotherapy. The underlying genetics of the FcγR gene family are a central component of this careful balance. Complex in humans and generated through ancestral duplication events, here we review the evolution of the gene family in mammals, the potential importance of copy number, and functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as discussing current approaches and limitations when exploring genetic variation in this region.
Quantitative scoring of panel tests for assessment of colour vision in age related maculopathy (1991)

Using the Farnsworth dichotomous D15 test and the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100‐hue test, Bowman compared the colour discrimination of subjects having age related maculopathy to that of age matched normals. In this paper a quantitative assessment of Bowman's results was obtained using the colour difference vector analysis of Vingrys and King‐Smith. The assessment indicates that there is selective blue‐yellow loss in age related maculopathy and that the FM 100‐hue test is more useful than the D15 test in distinguishing between normal subjects and those with early age related maculopathy. We suggest that the vector method of analysis is particularly useful in clinical trials and in monitoring changes of colour vision over time.
Step changes in leaf oil accumulation via iterative metabolic engineering (2016)

Synthesis and accumulation of plant oils in the entire vegetative biomass offers the potential to deliver yields surpassing those of oilseed crops. However, current levels still fall well short of those typically found in oilseeds. Here we show how transcriptome and biochemical analyses pointed to a futile cycle in a previously established Nicotiana tabacum line, accumulating up to 15% (dry weight) of the storage lipid triacylglycerol in leaf tissue. To overcome this metabolic bottleneck, we either silenced the SDP1 lipase or overexpressed the Arabidopsis thaliana LEC2 transcription factor in this transgenic background. Both strategies independently resulted in the accumulation of 30-33% triacylglycerol in leaf tissues. Our results demonstrate that the combined optimization of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, storage lipid assembly and lipid turnover in leaf tissue results in a major overhaul of the plant central carbon allocation and lipid metabolism. The resulting further step changes in oil accumulation in the entire plant biomass offers the possibility of delivering yields that outperform current oilseed crops.
Light and Gravity Effects on Adenine Nucleotide Content and Energy Charge in Maize Roots (1981)

Two millimeter apical segments of maize (cv. LG 11) primary roots were analysed in relation to the effects of light and gravity on adenine nucleotide content. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content is very sensitive to these stimuli. ATP levels are lower in roots exposed to light than in those kept in the dark. The energy charge (E.C.) decreases markedly after exposure to light and gravity. For the vertical roots E.C. is stable. Present data confirm the fact that light and gravity may act on cell metabolism, modifying the energy requirements. This will be discussed in relation to some hormone actions.
Existence of three solutions for equations of p ( x ) $p(x)$ -Laplace type operators with nonlinear Neumann boundary conditions (2016)

In this paper, we are concerned with nonlinear elliptic equations of the $p(x)$ -Laplace type operators $$\textstyle\begin{cases} -\operatorname{div}(a(x,\nabla u))+\vert u\vert ^{p(x)-2}u=\lambda f(x,u) &\mbox{in } \Omega, \\ a(x,\nabla u)\frac{\partial u}{\partial n} = \lambda\theta g(x,u) &\mbox{on } \partial\Omega, \end{cases} $$ which are subject to nonlinear Neumann boundary conditions. Here the function $a(x,v)$ is of type $\vert v\vert ^{p(x)-2}v$ with a continuous function $p: \overline{\Omega} \to(1,\infty)$ and the functions $f, g$ satisfy a Carathéodory condition. The main purpose of this paper is to establish the existence of at least three weak solutions of the above problem by applying an abstract three critical points theorem which is inspired by the work of Ricceri (Nonlinear Anal. 74:7446-7454, 2011) Furthermore, we determine two intervals of λ’s precisely such that the first is where the given problem admits only the trivial solution, and the second is where the given problem has at least two nontrivial solutions as considering the positive principal eigenvalue for the $p(x)$ -Laplacian Neumann problems and an estimate of the Sobolev trace embedding’s constant.
High-resolution ultramicroscopy of the developing and adult nervous system in optically cleared Drosophila melanogaster (2018)

The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an important experimental model to address central questions in neuroscience at an organismic level. However, imaging of neural circuits in intact fruit flies is limited due to structural properties of the cuticle. Here we present a novel approach combining tissue clearing, ultramicroscopy, and data analysis that enables the visualisation of neuronal networks with single-cell resolution from the larval stage up to the adult Drosophila. FlyClear, the signal preserving clearing technique we developed, stabilises tissue integrity and fluorescence signal intensity for over a month and efficiently removes the overall pigmentation. An aspheric ultramicroscope set-up utilising an improved light-sheet generator allows us to visualise long-range connections of peripheral sensory and central neurons in the visual and olfactory system. High-resolution 3D reconstructions with isotropic resolution from entire GFP-expressing flies are obtained by applying image fusion from orthogonal directions. This methodological integration of novel chemical, optical, and computational techniques allows a major advance in the analysis of global neural circuit organisation.
Expressing the sunflower transcription factor HaHB11 in maize improves waterlogging and defoliation tolerance (2022)

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) transcription factor HaHB11 (H. annuus Homeobox 11) belongs to the homeodomain-leucine zipper family and confers improved yield to maize (Zea mays) hybrids (HiII × B73) and lines. Here we report that transgenic maize lines expressing HaHB11 exhibited better performance under waterlogging, both in greenhouse and field trials carried out during three growth cycles. Transgenic plants had increased chlorophyll content, wider stems, more nodal roots, greater total aerial biomass, a higher harvest index, and increased plant grain yield. Under severe defoliation caused by a windstorm during flowering, transgenic genotypes were able to set more grains than controls. This response was confirmed in controlled defoliation assays. Hybrids generated by crossing B73 HaHB11 lines with the contrasting Mo17 lines were also tested in the field and exhibited the same beneficial traits as the parental lines, compared with their respective controls. Moreover, they were less penalized by stress than commercial hybrids. Waterlogging tolerance increased via improvement of the root system, including more xylem vessels, reduced tissue damage, less superoxide accumulation, and altered carbohydrate metabolism. Multivariate analyses corroborated the robustness of the differential traits observed. Furthermore, canopy spectral reflectance data, computing 29 vegetation indices associated with biomass, chlorophyll, and abiotic stress, helped to distinguish genotypes as well as their growing conditions. Altogether the results reported here indicate that this sunflower gene constitutes a suitable tool to improve maize plants for environments prone to waterlogging and/or wind defoliation.
Two-Dimensional Image Theory for the Conducting Half Plane (1993)

The classical electromagnetic field problem of a perfectly conducting half plane and a two-dimensional line source parallel to the edge is formulated in terms of image sources in complex space. It is seen that the image currents can be expressed in terms of simple trigonometric functions in contrast to the more complicated functions characterizing the physical currents on the half plane. Also, in contrast to the nonphysical edge currents applied in the physical diffraction theory, the image currents are exact and do not depend on the point where the field is to be calculated. However, the field can be computed from a single converging image in a half space only, which can be chosen at will. Because of the exponential decay of the image, approximation by a finite source becomes effective. As a validity check of the theory, the diffraction coefficient of GTD is obtained in the high-frequency asymptotic limit, as a normalized value of the image current at a certain point. Also, diffraction patterns computed from the image source are seen to demonstrate the equivalence to the usually applied field integrals. The method is suggested for integral equation formulation of problems involving a conducting half plane and for extending the physical optics edge current method to field points where the physical optics is no longer valid.
Biocontrol of the Reniform Nematode by <i>Bacillus firmus</i> GB-126 and <i>Paecilomyces lilacinus</i> 251 on Cotton (2013)

Due to increased restrictions on the use of chemical nematicides, alternative nematode management strategies, including biocontrol, are needed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of Bacillus firmus GB-126 and Paecilomyces lilacinus 251 in commercial formulations applied separately or concomitantly to manage Rotylenchulus reniformis in cotton grown under greenhouse, microplot, and field conditions. In the greenhouse, seed treated with B. firmus (1.4 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/seed), an application of P. lilacinus (0.3% vol/vol of water), or the combination of B. firmus and P. lilacinus reduced the number of females, eggs, and vermiforms of R. reniformis (P ≤ 0.02) and increased populations of free-living nematodes (P ≤ 0.01). In microplots and field conditions, populations of R. reniformis vermiforms decreased when exposed to B. firmus and P. lilacinus biocontrol agents at midseason (P ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, stem diameter and free-living nematode numbers increased (P ≤ 0.01) with the combination of B. firmus and P. lilacinus. In the field, numbers of females, eggs, and vermiform life stages at the end of the growing season decreased in the presence of the biocontrol agents applied individually or concomitantly (P ≤ 0.01). Cotton yields from the application of B. firmus GB-126 and P. lilacinus 251 were similar to those from aldicarb, the chemical nematicide standard.
Alternate Applications of Fusion—Production of Radioisotopes (2003)

A major effort to find near-term, non-electric applications of fusion energy has shown that the production of radioisotopes is attractive. The use of the D3He fusion reaction to produce Positron Emission Tomography (PET) isotopes is described. An Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) device is particularly well suited to produce low levels of high-energy (14.7 MeV) protons, which in turn, can produce short-lived PET isotopes. The IEC device at the University of Wisconsin has been modified to investigate the potential of this process to be commercially attractive.
The “Smart Dim Fuse”: A new approach to load control as a distributed energy resource (2017)

Aggregation of behind-the-meter distributed energy resources holds promise to provide valuable services to the grid, enabling greater penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources. We propose the Smart Dim Fuse system as an approach to utilize loads for aggregation services. The Smart Dim Fuse, installed on individual circuits at the breaker panel, enables load power control without service interruption via direct AC to AC voltage modulation, while reporting load measurement, identification, and resource a vailability forecasting to the aggregator. Using data from 131 homes, we evaluate the aggregate resource availability, and demonstrate a proof-of-concept prototype of the power electronics needed for this functionality.