gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyber-Resilient Platform Requirements (2017)

This is a draft specification describing processor and/or platform technologies that provide a foundation for device vendors to build cyber-resilient systems.  The technologies are general purpose and can be implemented by any platform, processor, or SoC, but a priority is to define technologies that are suitable for IoT devices. The mechanisms in this specification are well suited for constructing systems that meet the requirements of NIST SP-800-193 (DRAFT) “Platform Firmware Resiliency Guidelines.”
&lt;title&gt;Feasibility studies of a high-spatial-resolution cardiac optical mapping system&lt;/title&gt; (2002)

Optical mapping, based on voltage sensitive dyes, has become a prominent technique in the study of electrical activities within cardiac tissues. The technique is best carried out with devices that can gather optical signals with both high spatial frequency and temporal frequency. Currently, two devices dominate the field, Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) and Photo Diode Arrays (PDA). Both optical mapping techniques possess advantages and disadvantages in their performance. The objective of this investigation is to design an optical mapping system with a high spatial resolution CCD as its main component. In this feasibility study, a wavelength selective optical mapping experimental setup was designed and implemented in accordance with the fluorescence characteristics of one of the most common dyes used in cardiac mapping, di-4-ANEPPS. To test the capabilities of the optical system setup, a high resolution (512 pixels by 512 pixels, 12 bit dynamic range) CCD camera with approximately 33 ms temporal resolution is chosen as the fluorescence signal acquisition device. Experiments with di- 4-ANEPPS stained canine cardiac tissues with stimulated action potentials through external electrodes resulted in successful mapping of the distribution and propagation of the action potential wave front. A new CCD based optical mapping system was also built. It offers a 128 by 128 pixel resolution, 12 bits digitization and a temporal resolution of approximately 2 ms.
Alignment of two mirror astronomical telescopes (the astigmatic component) (2008)

The effects of alignment perturbations on the aberration fields of two mirror astronomical telescopes are discussed. It is demonstrated that expressions describing alignment induced field-linear astigmatism, published by McLeod based on the work of Schroeder, can be obtained using nodal aberration theory. Rather than merely providing a different derivation for alignment induced astigmatism, it is shown that nodal theory can provide several insights that are significant for the development of effective alignment techniques. In the example of a specific telescope sited on Mt. Hopkins (Ritchey- Chretien), two approaches to identify misalignments of the secondary mirror are demonstrated. One approach utilizes the eccentricity of defocused star images and their orientation angles to calculate the misalignment of the secondary mirror after axial coma is removed. A second approach based on the location of the two zeros of the astigmatic aberration field is then shown to give equivalent results, but at the same time ensuring a complete model of all possible effects of misalignment on the performance of the telescope.
Gateway Application for Automotive Network System “BEAN” (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In applying a LAN to automotive electronics systems, an optimal protocol has been adopted for each system so far, such as body electronics system, entertainment system, service system and power train system. As low cost communication protocol “BEAN” (Body Electronics Area Network; SAE paper &lt;a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/970297" target="_blank"&gt;970297&lt;/a&gt;) adopted to wider range of functions on vehicle, ECU's numbers are increased which have BEAN communication and that is branched to plural communication networks. We have succeeded in rationalization of those network systems with the gateway function on a delegated ECU for each LAN system on vehicle. And this system also realized the connection to after market products by data exchange through the gateway function, while securing vehicle fail-safe.&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation of the Frequency for Gas Sampling for the High Burnup Confirmatory Data Project. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
An Evaluation of Colchicine as an Alternative to Inhaled Corticosteriods in Moderate Asthma (1997)

Colchicine demonstrates an array of anti-inflammatory properties of potential relevance to asthma. However, the efficacy of colchicine as an alternative to inhaled corticosteroid therapy for asthma is unknown. Five centers participated in a controlled trial testing the hypothesis that in patients with moderate asthma needing inhaled corticosteroids for control, colchicine provides therapeutic benefit as measured by maintenance of control when inhaled steroids are discontinued. Subjects were stabilized on triamcinolane acetonide (800 microg daily) and then enrolled in a 2-wk run-in during which all subjects took both colchicine (0.6 mg/twice a day) and triamcinolone. At the end of the run-in, all subjects discontinued triamcinolone and were randomized to continued colchicine (n = 35) or placebo (n = 36) for a 6-wk double-blind treatment period. The treatment groups were similar in terms of disease severity. After corticosteroid withdrawal, 60% of colchicine-treated and 56% of placebo-treated subjects were considered treatment failures as defined by preset criteria. No significant difference in survival curves was found between treatment groups (log rank = 0.38). Other measures, including changes in FEV1, peak expiratory flow, symptoms, rescue albuterol use, and quality of life scores, also did not differ between groups. Of note, subjects failing treatment had significantly greater methacholine responsiveness at baseline than did survivors (PC20, 0.81+/-1.38 versus 2.11+/-2.74 mg/ml; p = 0.01). An analysis of treatment failures suggested that the criteria selected for failure reflected a clinically meaningful but safe level of deterioration. We conclude that colchicine is no better than placebo as an alternative to inhaled corticosteroids in patients with moderate asthma. Additionally, we conclude that the use of treatment failure as the primary outcome variable in an asthma clinical trial where treatment is withdrawn is feasible and safe under carefully monitored conditions.
Cellular Processing and Proteoglycan Nature of Amyloid Precursor Proteins<sup>a</sup> (1993)

Amyloid beta protein (beta/A4 or A beta), the main proteinaceous component of the amyloid depositions of the Alzheimer's brain, derives from the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cleavage of the amyloid precursor by at least two distinct secretase activities produces soluble secreted APP. The major secretase cleavage (site I) takes place between A beta 16 and 17, while the minor cleavage (site II) takes place after A beta Lys 28 and may produce potentially amyloidogenic secreted APP. Full-length cellular APP is cleaved by secretase intracellularly in the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN) or in post-Golgi vesicles. The resultant soluble APP is transported to the plasma membrane and exocytosed. The biological activity of the APP is still not completely understood, although it seems to act as a cell adhesion molecule. Recent studies have shown that in glioma cells, most of the soluble secreted APP occurs as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). In addition, full length APP CSPG has been detected in neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells as well as on the surface of glioma cells, and in human brain. These results suggest that the proteoglycan nature of the APP proteins may be important for their biological function.
Subclass distribution of antigen-specific IgA antibodies in normal donors and individuals with homozygous C <i>alpha</i> 1 or C <i>alpha</i> 2 gene deletions. (1990)

To analyze the subclass restriction of Ag-specific IgA, sera and saliva from healthy blood donors and from IgA class or subclass deficient individuals were studied. The latter included donors with or without C alpha 1 or C alpha 2 gene deletions. Monoclonal human IgA1 and a genetically engineered IgA2 antibody, normal human serum and colostrum IgA were used as standards to estimate serum and saliva levels of Ag-specific antibodies. In normal individuals, there was a strong IgA1 preference of naturally acquired antibodies in serum against both polysaccharide Ag (PPS 6A, PPS 23, pneumococcal C-polysaccharide, and LPS from Escherichia coli) and protein Ag (Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin and HSV). Specific IgA2 in serum against the tested Ag were frequently not measurable. In contrast, most of the individuals with homozygous C alpha 1 gene deletions displayed substantial amounts of specific IgA2 against protein as well as polysaccharide Ag. The median levels of specific IgA in serum against protein Ag were approximately one-third as compared to normal individuals and one-fifth, or less, against polysaccharide Ag. Normal serum levels of IgA against the tested Ag, restricted to the IgA1 subclass, were noted in two individuals with IgA2 deficiency, one of whom carried a homozygous C alpha 2 gene deletion. Median values of specific IgA, against the tested Ag S. aureus alpha-toxin, HSV, and pneumococcal C-poly-saccharide, from normal healthy donors were approximately four to eight times higher in serum as compared to saliva. Individuals with homozygous C alpha 1 gene deletions displayed increased levels of the various specific IgA2 antibodies in saliva. In conclusion, the individuals with homozygous C alpha 1 gene deletions displayed decreased median levels of specific IgA antibodies in serum despite normal levels of total IgA. Normal levels of both specific IgA and total IgA in saliva were found.
DNA release from plant tissue using focused ultrasound extraction (FUSE) (2023)

These results indicate that FUSE can improve DNA extraction efficiency for leaf tissues. Continued development of this technology aims to adapt to field-deployable systems to increase the cataloging of genetic biodiversity, particularly in low-resource biodiversity hotspots.
Stupendous Photocatalytic Activity of p-BiOI/n-PbTiO<sub>3</sub> Heterojunction: The Significant Role of Oxygen Vacancies and Interface Coupling (2019)

The combination of oxygen vacancies and p-n heterojunctions is exploited to pinpoint a valuable opportunity for effective minimization of charge recombination and enhanced photocatalytic activity. Herein, an oxygen-vacancy-rich BiOI/PbTiO3 p-n heterojunction has been built up by a facile precipitation–deposition method. The synergistic interaction between p-BiOI and n-PbTiO3 with abundant oxygen vacancies was confirmed by HRTEM and XPS analyses. Enrichment of oxygen vacancies in the BiOI/PbTiO3 p-n heterojunction was further verified by an ESR test. The effect of combining a p-n heterojunction and oxygen vacancies effectively modulated the physicochemical, electronic, and catalytic properties of the photocatalyst simultaneously. The BiOI/PbTiO3 p-n heterojunction with rich oxygen vacancies at the optimum concentration showed superior degradation of the antibiotic tetracycline, i.e., 94% in 2 h under solar harvest. The improved activity of the p-n heterojunction is further attributed to the presence of an inner electric field and oxygen vacancies that serve as a new channel for the transformation of photoelectrons from BiOI to PbTiO3, resulting in an effective decrement of the charge recombination process, as confirmed by PL, EIS, photocurrent, and Bode analyses.
Neuropsychological picture of 33 spinocerebellar ataxia cases (2011)

We administered a large battery of neuropsychological tests to an heterogeneous cohort of genetically defined spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients in order to assess their cognitive profile and to compare cognitive impairment among different SCA genotypes, particularly between SCA with the classical pattern of olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (SCA1 and SCA2) and those with a relatively "pure" olivo-cerebellar atrophy (SCA6 and SCA8). Our data revealed a neuropsychological picture characterized by fronto-parietal involvement with mnestic, linguistic, visuospatial, attentional, executive, and mood changes, in agreement with the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome definition. We found a homogeneous neuropsychological profile among SCA subgroups with a prominent role of frontal dysfunction--particularly, attention, memory, and executive functions. We analyzed the possible interactions between neuropsychological pattern and clinical, demographical, and genetic variables. We found the presence of a cognitive impairment at the early stages of the disease, without visuospatial alterations, which appeared later. Age and education represented the most important demographic factors to predict the neuropsychological performance in SCA and in controls, but their effect in patients had definitely more impact. In our sample education could represent a protective factor and a marker of an enriched environment or a better developmental cognitive differentiation. We demonstrated that in our patients there was a distinct subgroup of high functional subjects and that triplet repeats modulated the effect of aging on cognition and progression of motor disability.
Breaking the petaflops barrier (2009)

In this paper, we discuss the impact of petascale computing and the major issues to getting beyond a petaflops. We describe IBM approaches to petascale computing but with a major focus on the Los Alamos National Laboratory Roadrunner machine. We provide an overview of the hardware and software structures, focusing on the new triblade compute node architecture and the corresponding data control and synchronization software support to enable high-performance computing applications on this architecture. The fundamental technology drivers and issues for petascale computing and beyond are software complexity, energy efficiency, and system reliability, availability, and serviceability.
Shale Oil Value Enhancement Research (2006)

Raw kerogen oil is rich in heteroatom-containing compounds. Heteroatoms, N, S & O, are undesirable as components of a refinery feedstock, but are the basis for product value in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, solvents, polymers, and a host of industrial materials. An economically viable, technologically feasible process scheme was developed in this research that promises to enhance the economics of oil shale development, both in the US and elsewhere in the world, in particular Estonia. Products will compete in existing markets for products now manufactured by costly synthesis routes. A premium petroleum refinery feedstock is also produced. The technology is now ready for pilot plant engineering studies and is likely to play an important role in developing a US oil shale industry.
Thickness Dependence of Electrical Properties for High-<i>k</i>SrTa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>Thin Films Fabricated by Sol–Gel Method (2011)

The interface between SrTa2O6 thin films and Pt electrodes, and defects in SrTa2O6 thin films were investigated through the study of thickness dependence. High dielectric constant of about 109 and low leakage current density of about 10-8 A/cm2 were obtained for the 150 nm SrTa2O6 thin film. These values are comparable with metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) derived SrTa2O6 thin films. Space-charge limited current mechanism predominated in the 113 and 150 nm SrTa2O6 thin films. Higher Ti concentration was found in the layer close to the bottom interface of 113 and 150 nm SrTa2O6 thin films. From these results, we suggest a two-layered model for these two thin films. The anomalous dispersion of loss tangent and Poole–Frenkel predominated leakage current was found in 75 nm SrTa2O6 thin film. This may be induced by higher Ti concentration not only in the layer close to the bottom interface, but also in the whole thin film.
Putative adverse outcome pathways relevant to neurotoxicity (2015)

The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework provides a template that facilitates understanding of complex biological systems and the pathways of toxicity that result in adverse outcomes (AOs). The AOP starts with an molecular initiating event (MIE) in which a chemical interacts with a biological target(s), followed by a sequential series of KEs, which are cellular, anatomical, and/or functional changes in biological processes, that ultimately result in an AO manifest in individual organisms and populations. It has been developed as a tool for a knowledge-based safety assessment that relies on understanding mechanisms of toxicity, rather than simply observing its adverse outcome. A large number of cellular and molecular processes are known to be crucial to proper development and function of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). However, there are relatively few examples of well-documented pathways that include causally linked MIEs and KEs that result in adverse outcomes in the CNS or PNS. As a first step in applying the AOP framework to adverse health outcomes associated with exposure to exogenous neurotoxic substances, the EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM) organized a workshop (March 2013, Ispra, Italy) to identify potential AOPs relevant to neurotoxic and developmental neurotoxic outcomes. Although the AOPs outlined during the workshop are not fully described, they could serve as a basis for further, more detailed AOP development and evaluation that could be useful to support human health risk assessment in a variety of ways.
Optical necklace states in Anderson localized 1D systems (2006)

We report on the observation of nonlocalized modes, known as necklace states, in Anderson localized multilayers with positional disorder. Multiple resonant tunnelling transport, characteristic of these modes, was studied both through time-resolved and phase-resolved measurements.
Controlled Loading of Nanoparticles into Submicrometer Holes (2008)

Controlled nanoparticle loading into submicron holes is driven by electrostatic interparticle and particle-hole interactions. The average number of trapped nanoparticles increases with the ionic strength of the suspending medium (left). The relative particle-hole sizes determine the average number of trapped metal nanoparticles (right).
Difficult reversal of dabigatran with idarucizumab in a multiple-trauma patient: A question of dose? (2021)

Dabigatran is an oral anticoagulant directly acting as thrombin inhibitor. The monoclonal antibody idarucizumab was developed to reverse its anticoagulatory effects after application of a standardized dose. Following administration, dabigatran plasma level rebounds have been reported but its consequences are not fully understood. We report a case of a multiple-trauma patient under dabigatran treatment suffering from secondary bleeding relapse after initially successful reversal with idarucizumab. Stabilisation of the patient's coagulopathy and subsequent bleeding was not achieved until application of an additional dose of idarucizumab. We conclude that patients treated with dabigatran and presenting with active bleeding require close attention to its reversal with standard doses of idarucizumab. Screening for thrombin time was shown beneficial in early detection of dabigatran rebound in this case.
Cryptic Epoxytiglianes from the Kernels of the Blushwood Tree (<i>Fontainea picrosperma</i>) (2022)

The kernels of the Australian blushwood tree (<i>Fontainea picrosperma</i>) are the source of the veterinary anticancer drug tigilanol tiglate (<b>2a</b>, Stelfonta) and contain a concentration of phorboids significantly higher than croton oil, the only abundant source of these compounds previously known. The oily matrix of the blushwood kernels is composed of free fatty acids and not by glycerides as found in croton oil. By active partitioning, it was therefore possible to recover and characterize for the first time a cryptic tigliane fraction, that is, the diterpenoid fraction that, because of its lipophilicity, could not be obtained by solvent partition of crude extracts. The cryptic tigliane fraction accounted for ca. 30% of the tigliane kernel titer and was quantified by <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy and profiled by HPLC-MS. Long-chain (linoleates and/or oleates) 20-acyl derivatives of the epoxytigliane diesters tigilanol tiglate (EBC-46, <b>2a</b>), EBC-47 (<b>4a</b>), EBC-59 (<b>5a</b>), EBC-83 (<b>6a</b>), and EBC-177 (<b>7a</b>) were identified. By chemoselective acylation of EBC-46 (<b>2a</b>) and EBC-177 (<b>7a</b>) the natural triesters <b>2b</b> and <b>7b</b> and a selection of analogues were prepared to assist identification of the natural compounds. The presence of a free C-20 hydroxy group is a critical requirement for PKC activation by phorbol esters. The unexpected activity of 20-linoleoyl triester <b>2b</b> in a cytotoxicity assay based on PKC activation was found to be related mainly to its hydrolysis to tigilanol tiglate (<b>2a</b>) under the prolonged conditions of the assay, while other esters were inactive. Significant differences between the esterification profile of the epoxytigliane di- and triesters exist in <i>F. picrosperma</i>, suggesting a precise, yet elusive, blueprint of acyl decoration for the tigliane polyol 5-hydroxyepoxyphorbol.
On Improving Interconnect Defect Diagnosis Resolution and Yield for Interposer-Based 3-D ICs (2014)

This article discusses a design-for-test (DFT) architecture for detecting and repairing faulty interconnects in 3-D IC circuits utilizing through silicon via (TSV) and interposer technology. The yield of such circuits depends highly on the ability to have functioning interconnects which connect the various dies. The authors also propose a built-in-self-test (BIST) framework to enable at-speed testing of such interconnects.
Pathomechanism and Biomechanics of Degenerative Disc Disease: Features of Healthy and Degenerated Discs (2021)

The human intervertebral disc (IVD) is a complex organ composed of fibrous and cartilaginous connective tissues, and it serves as a boundary between 2 adjacent vertebrae. It provides a limited range of motion in the torso as well as stability during axial compression, rotation, and bending. Adult IVDs have poor innate healing potential due to low vascularity and cellularity. Degenerative disc disease (DDD) generally arises from the disruption of the homeostasis maintained by the structures of the IVD, and genetic and environmental factors can accelerate the progression of the disease. Impaired cell metabolism due to pH alteration and poor nutrition may lead to autophagy and disruption of the homeostasis within the IVD and thus plays a key role in DDD etiology. To develop regenerative therapies for degenerated discs, future studies must aim to restore both anatomical and biomechanical properties of the IVDs. The objective of this review is to give a detailed overview about anatomical, radiological, and biomechanical features of the IVDs as well as discuss the structural and functional changes that occur during the degeneration process.
Intramolecular Hetero Diels−Alder Reactions of α,α’-Dioxosulfines − A New Access to the [3.3.1]-Bicyclic Skeleton (2000)

Simple transformations of tert-butylthio-substituted 1,4-oxathiin permitted the preparation of oxathiin S-oxides. These in turn were suitable precursors of corresponding α,α′-dioxosulfine dienes with tethered internal electron-rich double bonds. Examining the synthetic utility of these sulfines, we observed either hydrolysis or intramolecular cycloaddition, depending on the distance between the reactive centres and the substitution on the double bond. Bicyclic derivatives with a [3.3.1] skeleton and an sp2 bridgehead carbon were obtained from the cycloadditions.