gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reactions of 3,5-Dichloro-1,2,4-thiadiazole (2012)

3,5-Dichloro-1,2,4-thiadiazole was allowed to react with different arylboronic acids under different Suzuki-Miyaura coupling conditions: at room temperature 5-aryl-3-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazoles were obtained and at toluene reflux temperature the products were 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-thiadiazoles. Sequential coupling reactions lead to 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-thiadiazoles with non-identical aryl groups. The structure of 3-methoxy-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole was established from X-ray crystallographic data.
Familial B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Analysis of Cytogenetic Abnormalities, Immunophenotypic Profiles, and Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Usage (2006)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a heterogeneous disease that may exhibit familial clustering. We examined the cytogenetic, immunophenotypic, and VH gene usage characteristics of a family with B-CLL affecting 7 members in 3 generations. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization studies identified an acquired deletion of chromosome 13q14 in the leukemic cells of 6 affected members, accompanied by deletion 14q32 or trisomy 12 in 2 cases. VH gene analysis demonstrated clonal rearrangements of the VH3 gene family in 5 cases and of VH2 genes in 1 case. All 6 cases were mutated in VH2 or VH3. Two cases had a second VH1 family gene rearrangement that was unmutated. Flow cytometry performed on 5 cases showed the typical B-CLL immunophenotype; all were CD38–, but 3 expressed ZAP-70. Our findings support previous observations that familial and sporadic B-CLL cases are biologically similar and suggest that familial clusters will be useful for studying pathogenetic events in B-CLL.
Precise positioning of a geostationary data relay using LEO satellites (2011)

Earth observation uses a large number of Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites (ca. 400). The increasing resolution of their instruments has inflated the data volumes that need to be transmitted. The low altitudes limit the contact times, which is challenging both with respect to the data volumes and delay until data can be transmitted. Geostationary satellite (GEO) relaying is thus a promising alternative. In order to allow pre-compensation of Doppler Shift at the LEO side and to synchronize the transmission from the LEOs to the GEO, the positions and relative velocities of the satellites have to be known. LEOs can be positioned today with centimetre accuracy by GPS. GEOs orbit on higher altitudes than GPS satellites and therefore face problems using GPS signals. Conventional methods allow GEO positioning from ground with accuracies in the km range. In this paper, a new concept of GEO precise positioning using communication channels of LEO satellites is presented. Simulations show that Kalman filtered pseudoranges lead to positioning errors in cm range. A new method based on Newton algorithm allows to determine the Keplerian parameters and their linear drifts in order to predict the GEO position.
Direct ZVS start-up of a current-fed resonant inverter (2006)

Zero voltage switching (ZVS) is critical for reliable operation of standard current-fed parallel resonant inverters. Under steady-state conditions, ZVS can be achieved using common techniques such as a phase lock loop, a voltage controlled oscillator, and other integral controllers. However, during transient processes, achieving ZVS is not trivial for such controllers and consequently switch failure can occur. This paper proposes a dynamic ZVS method to solve the start-up problems by using a forced dc current. Start-up conditions are analyzed and complete dynamic ZVS control is achieved. If the ramp-up delay of practical dc power supplies is utilized, the start-up process can be controlled to be overshoot-free at no extra cost. The validity of this method is proven using both PSpice simulations and experimental results
Evaluation of Spot Welding Behavior of CF/PPS Laminates using Ultrasonic Heating (2019)

This study aims to development the ultrasonic spot welding process of CFRTP using PPS energy director and carbon fiber reinforced PPS energy director. The materials used for spot welding are woven-CF/PPS laminates and energy director consisting of PPS polymer and spread carbon fiber. It is expected to improve the ultrasonic heating efficiency and the joining strength by using continuous carbon fiber reinforced energy director. The ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic spot welding has an oscillation frequency of 40 kHz and a maximum output of 600 W. The welding load and displacement of ultrasonic horn during the ultrasonic spot welding were precisely controlled using a servo press unit. The effects of ultrasonic power, pressing force, welding time and types of energy director on ultrasonic welding behavior and joining strength were investigated to obtain the proper welding conditions. The temperature of the joining part during ultrasonic welding was measured by a ultrafine thermocouples. From the experimental results, it was revealed that the volume fraction of carbon fiber in the energy director was significantly affects the ultrasonic welding behavior. From the result of single lap shear strength test, it was found that there was proper fiber volume fraction in energy director to increase the joining strength.
Does Data-Independent Acquisition Data Contain Hidden Gems? A Case Study Related to Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

One of the potential benefits of using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics protocols is that information not originally targeted by the study may be present and discovered by subsequent analysis. Herein, we reanalyzed DIA data originally recorded for global proteomic analysis to look for isomerized peptides, which occur as a result of spontaneous chemical modifications to long-lived proteins. Examination of a large set of human brain samples revealed a striking relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) status and isomerization of aspartic acid in a peptide from tau. Relative to controls, a surprising increase in isomer abundance was found in both autosomal dominant and sporadic AD samples. To explore potential mechanisms that might account for these observations, quantitative analysis of proteins related to isomerization repair and autophagy was performed. Differences consistent with reduced autophagic flux in AD-related samples relative to controls were found for numerous proteins, including most notably p62, a recognized indicator of autophagic inhibition. These results suggest, but do not conclusively demonstrate, that lower autophagic flux may be strongly associated with loss of function in AD brains. This study illustrates that DIA data may contain unforeseen results of interest and may be particularly useful for pilot studies investigating new research directions. In this case, a promising target for future investigations into the therapy and prevention of AD has been identified.
A note on logophoricity in Dogon (1994)

Logophoric pronouns which refer to the person whose words, thoughts, or state of mind are being reported, have been much discussed in the recent literature. In this paper the A. intends to extend the range of description of logophoric pronouns by looking at Donno So, a logon language spoken in Mali and Burkina Faso. In addition to the usual examination of the environments which allow logophoric pronouns, he will also examine the interaction of morphology and logophoricity. In particular he will consider complementazers, sometimes claimed to be a determining factor in logophoricity. He will also consider verbal inflection and subject marking as it relatesto logophoricity
Correction to "Towards micromechanical radio: overtone excitations of a microresonator through the nonlinearities of the second and third order" (2008)

This item is a correction to the paper entitled "Towards micromechanical radio: overtone excitations of a microresonator through the nonlinearities of the second and third orderrdquo.
Mid-IRLaserTransitions inNd3+Doped CaGa2S4, PbGa2S4, andPbCl2 LaserCrystals (2005)

Multiphonon andradiative relaxation ofmid-IR laser transitions isanalyzed in neodymium doped calcium andlead thiogallates andlead chloride laser crystals. Higher radiative andmuchlower nonradiative rates arefound comparing tofluorides. ©D2005Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: (140.5680) Rare- earth andtransition metal solid- state lasers; (140.3070) Infrared andfar- infrared lasers
Data Management 101 for drug developers: A peek behind the curtain (2023)

In drug development a frequently used phrase is "data-driven". Just as high-test gas fuels a car, so drug development "runs on" high-quality data; hence, good data management practices, which involve case report form design, data entry, data capture, data validation, medical coding, database closure, and database locking, are critically important. This review covers the essentials of clinical data management (CDM) for the United States. It is intended to demystify CDM, which means nothing more esoteric than the collection, organization, maintenance, and analysis of data for clinical trials. The review is written with those who are new to drug development in mind and assumes only a passing familiarity with the terms and concepts that are introduced. However, its relevance may also extend to experienced professionals that feel the need to brush up on the basics. For added color and context, the review includes real-world examples with RRx-001, a new molecular entity in phase III and with fast-track status in head and neck cancer, and AdAPT-001, an oncolytic adenovirus armed with a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) trap in a phase I/II clinical trial with which the authors, as employees of the biopharmaceutical company, EpicentRx, are closely involved. An alphabetized glossary of key terms and acronyms used throughout this review is also included for easy reference.
Functional Living Skills: A Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Training for Individuals with Major Neurocognitive Disorders (2021)

The loss of functional living skills (FLS) is an essential feature of major neurocognitive disorders (M-NCD); virtual reality training (VRT) offers many possibilities for improving FLS in people with M-NCD. The aim of our study was to verify the effectiveness of a non-immersive VRT on FLS for patients with M-NCD. VRT was carried out for 10 to 20 sessions, by means of four 3D apps developed in our institute and installed on a large touch screen. The experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) included 24 and 18 patients with M-NCD, respectively. They were administered the in vivo test (in specific hospital places reproducing the natural environments) at T1 (pre-training) and T3 (post-training); at T2, only EG was administered VRT. Statistically significant differences between EG and CG in all the in vivo tests were found in the number of correct responses; during VRT, the number of correct responses increased, while the execution times and the number of clues decreased. The improvement in the in vivo tests appeared to be related to the specific VRT applied. The satisfaction of participants with the VRT was moderate to high.
Non-invasive Deep Brain Stimulation using Electromagnetic Waves (2020)

This paper presents the novel study of deep brain stimulation using electromagnetic waves. Using giga-hertz electric fields, we can manipulate both amplitudes and phases to achieve focal stimulation at target regions inside the brain tissue. However, the issue with this approach would be that neurons have priorly been shown to respond to lower frequency electric fields (~1kHz). To overcome this issue, similar to the recently proposed temporal interference stimulation for electric currents, we propose using two giga-hertz electromagnetic waves differing from each other by a small frequency offset to potentially modulate neurons for non-invasive deep brain stimulation purposes. Moreover, leveraging the advances in antenna technology, we can create miniature antenna arrays at giga-hertz that can be endocranially implanted to allow for continuous operation, which can also help mitigate signal attenuation. To achieve high focality, we then propose an optimization framework that optimizes the antenna array phases and amplitudes to achieve focal stimulation at multiple target regions inside the brain tissue without moving the antenna arrays. We test the efficacy of our proposed method via Finite Element Method simulations on four realistic 2D human brain phantoms. Our results show that with endocranially implanted array size of mean 4.6cm consisting of point source antenna array elements, a focality of mean 3cm can be achieved at targets deep inside the brain tissue.
Synthesis of functional polymers by living radical polymerisation (2003)

The use of copper(I) halides in conjunction with pyridine imine ligands is reported to lead to a range of controlled molecular weight and architecture polymers. The use of multifunctional initiators leads to di-, tri- and tetra-functional star polymers based on pentaerythritol cores. The polymerisations all follow excellent first order kinetics with Mn increasing linearly with conversion. The polymerisation is first order in copper halide. A range of α-functional polymers with 4-[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]phenyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropionate, N-hydroxysuccinimide and phthalimide have been prepared which introduce terminal functionality into polymers for subsequent coupling and potential synthesis of conjugates for biologically active compounds. Finally block/graft amphiphilic copolymers are demonstrated via the preparation of a statistical copolymer macroinitiator containing a hydroxy functionality which is used for the polymerisation of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate prior to esterification of the hydroxy functionality to give living radical polymerisation initiators which are used subsequently in the polymerisation of methyl methacrylate. Copper(I) mediated living radical polymerisation is shown to be an effective method for the synthesis of a range of functional synthetic polymers.
Self‐organized colloidal crystals for photonics and laser applications (2009)

Abstract We present an overview of recent developments in the fabrication and uses of colloidal crystals (CCs) for photonics and laser applications. Microparticles with a diameter in the range from 10 nm to 10 μm often have an intrinsic capability to spontaneously organize themselves from a colloidal suspension into 3D lattice structures. Such highly ordered 3D architectures of microparticles are called colloidal crystals (CCs). The CC structures have received tremendous attention as one of the facile and high‐throughput fabrication techniques of photonic crystals (PCs). We introduce here interesting precedents not only of diverse techniques of high‐quality CC structures, but also of their versatile applications in optical sensors responding to various external stimuli. This review also highlights a new potential use of the CCs as low‐threshold laser devices. We believe that a wide variety of CC architectures will play leading roles in the next generation of optoelectronic devices.
Effects of early‐life exposure to dust mite allergen and endotoxin on the development of asthma and wheezing: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (2021)

Our results indicated that high levels of early-life exposure to Der 1 and endotoxin in mattresses may be involved in the development of asthma.
Natural intracellular peptides can modulate the interactions of mouse brain proteins and thimet oligopeptidase with 14‐3‐3ε and calmodulin (2012)

Protein interactions are crucial for most cellular process. Thus, rationally designed peptides that act as competitive assembly inhibitors of protein interactions by mimicking specific, determined structural elements have been extensively used in clinical and basic research. Recently, mammalian cells have been shown to contain a large number of intracellular peptides of unknown function. Here, we investigate the role of several of these natural intracellular peptides as putative modulators of protein interactions that are related to Ca(2+) -calmodulin (CaM) and 14-3-3ε, which are proteins that are related to the spatial organization of signal transduction within cells. At concentrations of 1-50 μM, most of the peptides that are investigated in this study modulate the interactions of CaM and 14-3-3ε with proteins from the mouse brain cytoplasm or recombinant thimet oligopeptidase (EP24.15) in vitro, as measured by surface plasmon resonance. One of these peptides (VFDVELL; VFD-7) increases the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in a dose-dependent manner but only if introduced into HEK293 cells, which suggests a wide biological function of this peptide. Therefore, it is exciting to suggest that natural intracellular peptides are novel modulators of protein interactions and have biological functions within cells.
Transcription-associated recombination is independent of XRCC2 and mechanistically separate from homology-directed DNA double-strand break repair (2008)

It has previously been shown that transcription greatly enhances recombination in mammalian cells. However, the proteins involved in catalysing this process and the recombination pathways involved in transcription-associated recombination (TAR) are still unknown. It is well established that both the BRCA2 protein and the RAD51 paralog protein XRCC2 are required for homologous recombination. Here, we show that the BRCA2 protein is also required for TAR, while the XRCC2 protein is not involved. Expression of the XRCC2 gene in XRCC2 mutated irs1 cells restores the defect in homologous recombination repair of an I-SceI-induced DNA double-strand break, while TAR is unaffected. Interestingly, the XRCC2-deficient irs1 cells are also proficient in recombination induced at slowed replication forks, suggesting that TAR is mechanistically linked with this recombination pathway. In conclusion, we show that TAR depends on BRCA2 but is independent of XRCC2, and that this recombination pathway is separate from that used to repair a two-ended DNA double-strand break.
<i>In Vitro</i> Anti-proliferative Effect of Naturally Occurring Oxyprenylated Chalcones (2013)

As a continuation of our ongoing studies aimed to depict the effects and mechanism of action of naturally occurring oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids and polyketides, in this paper we describe the synthesis and in vitro anti-proliferative effects of selected compounds belonging to the above cited classes of secondary metabolites on six cancer cell lines using the MTT colorimetric assay. Our study revealed that among the natural products tested, only oxyprenylated chalcones exhibited an appreciable effect (mean IC50 = 32 - 64 microM), while substituted alcohols, phenylpropenes, naphthoquinones, and aminoacid derivatives were by far less active or inactive.
Manganese Carbonate (Mn<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) as an Efficient, Stable Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2022)

With the growing population and energy demand, there is an urgent need for the production and storage of clean energy obtained from renewable resources. Water splitting electrocatalytically is a major approach to obtain clean H2. The efficiency, stability, and slow kinetics of anode materials developed so far do not fit the commercial application of the water oxidation reaction. To develop an efficient energy conversion catalyst, particularly for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) herewith, Mn2(CO3)3 was electrodeposited on a Ni foam (NF) electrode surface by the chronoamperometric technique. The deposited Mn2(CO3)3/NF was characterized using various surface characterization techniques. The electrochemical behavior of the Mn2(CO3)3/NF-deposited electrode toward the OER was studied using electrochemical methods in KOH (pH 14) and NaHCO3 (pH 8.3) electrolytes. The Mn2(CO3)3/NF electrode showed a lower overpotential than CO3/NF and NF electrodes in the KOH/NaHCO3 media. The Mn2(CO3)3/NF electrode performs high electrocatalytic water oxidation with an overpotential of 360 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm–2. This overpotential is much lower than those of CO3/NF (460 mV) and bare NF (520 mV), with good long-term stability in the KOH medium without any catalytic degradation after 100 CV cycles and 15 h chronoamperometric studies. The stability of the electrodeposited Mn2(CO3)3 on the NF electrode was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thus, the Mn2(CO3)3/NF catalyst is suitable for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Principles of Bragg-Fresnel multilayer optics (1988)

The paper describes the principles and theoretical models of new X-ray optical elements based on the behaviour of Bragg-Fresnel diffraction. The use of volume diffraction permits one to achieve better spatial resolution compared with conventional plane optics and bending mirrors. The construction of Bragg-Fresnel elements combines the advantages of high-resolution Fresnel optics with stability of multilayer mirrors.
Hepatitis C, alpha interferon, anxiety and depression disorders: a prospective study of 71 patients. (2003)

International audience
Fast Exhaust-Runner Soot Measurements in a Diesel Optical Engine (2022)

&lt;div&gt;A novel exhaust-runner soot diagnostics has been developed and tested in a skip-fired diesel optical engine. Crank-angle-resolved soot emissions are measured during the cylinder blowdown and exhaust processes by multi-pass extinction of coherent, visible (635 nm) light as it passes through an optical exhaust runner. To evaluate diagnostic accuracy, comparisons are made of soot volume fraction measured by extinction in the optical exhaust runner and by a conventional smoke meter. The diagnostic exhibits excellent sensitivity with soot volume fraction detection limits of better than 0.2 parts per billion (ppb). The experiments also employed an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) to characterize particle size distributions from the skip-fired optical engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;The diagnostic has been employed in this work to assess skip-fired cycle variations in soot emissions for two- and six-hole production diesel fuel injectors as oxygen concentration (i.e., dilution) is varied. As oxygen concentration is reduced for the two-hole tip, both mean soot volume fraction and cycle variations increase, with the coefficient of variation (COV) of extinction as high as 46%. At low intake oxygen (O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) concentrations, soot apparently leaves the cylinder relatively early in the exhaust process. As O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration increases and soot volume fraction declines, smaller soot particles (as measured by the EEPS) leave the cylinder later in the exhaust stroke. Trends for the six-hole injector are similar, but cycle variations are significantly lower. The reduction in the cyclic variation of soot volume fraction as the number of orifices increases from two to six provides evidence that soot formed in a burning jet is a relatively stochastic event for which the COV is inversely proportional to the square of the number of distinct combustion plumes. The persistence of 27% exhaust soot COV for the six-hole tip at 14% intake O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; suggests that improved control and optimization of the spray formation and combustion event could significantly reduce the average engine-out PM emissions.&lt;/div&gt;