gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Test Gene Therapy Approaches for Neuromuscular and Motor Neuron Disorders (2021)

The reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents a major advance for the development of human disease models. The emerging of this technique fostered the concept of "disease in a dish," which consists into the generation of patient-specific models <i>in vitro</i>. Currently, iPSCs are used to study pathological molecular mechanisms caused by genetic mutations and they are considered a reliable model for high-throughput drug screenings. Importantly, precision-medicine approaches to treat monogenic disorders exploit iPSCs potential for the selection and validation of lead candidates. For example, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were tested with promising results in myoblasts or motor neurons differentiated from iPSCs of patients affected by either Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the use of iPSCs needs additional optimization to ensure translational success of the innovative strategies based on gene delivery through adeno associated viral vectors (AAV) for these diseases. Indeed, to establish an efficient transduction of iPSCs with AAV, several aspects should be optimized, including viral vector serotype, viral concentration and timing of transduction. This review will outline the use of iPSCs as a model for the development and testing of gene therapies for neuromuscular and motor neuron disorders. It will then discuss the advantages for the use of this versatile tool for gene therapy, along with the challenges associated with the viral vector transduction of iPSCs.
Implementation and experimentation of IP rate control (2005)

This paper reports implementation and experimentation of a new IP rate control protocol proposed to alleviate congestion in the gateway of a LAN connected to external networks. Congestion is avoided by using explicit rate notification to LAN hosts via new ICMP control messages. In addition to avoiding congestion, the protocol also allows for greater fairness and priority in network traffic, while having no impact on traffic outside the local network. The implementation of the IP rate control protocol in a Linux platform is described followed by experiments conducted at the network laboratory of Monash University. Experimental results show that IP rate control can be very effective in controlling congestion at the LAN gateway by controlling host transmission rates. IP rate control reduces queueing delay and packet loss rate at the LAN gateway.
Raman, Infrared, and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Identification of Particles in Raw Materials (2017)

Raw materials need to be of a certain quality with respect to physical and chemical composition. They also need to have no contaminants, including particles, because these could indicate raw material impurities or contaminate the product. Particle identification allows determination of process conditions that caused them and whether the quality of the final product is acceptable. Particles may appear to the eye to be very different things than they actually are. They may be coated with the raw material and may consist of several components; therefore, chemical and elemental analyses are required for accuracy in proper identification and definitive information about their source. Thus, microscope versions of Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy are excellent tools for identifying particles in materials. Those tools are fast and accurate, and can provide chemical and elemental composition as well as images that can aid identification. The micro-analysis capabilities allow for easy analysis of different portions of samples so that multiple components can be identified and sample preparation can be reduced or eliminated. The differences in sensitivities of Raman and IR spectroscopies to different functional groups as well as the elemental analysis provided by LIBS and the image analysis provided by the microscopy makes these complementary techniques and provides the advantage of identifying various chemical components. Proper spectral searching techniques and interpretation of the results are important for interpretation and identification of trace contaminants.
[Cloning and sequence analysis of active fragments of human thrombospondin-1]. (2003)

The results from homology analysis indicate that the sequence of these two fragments is identified with that of TSP-1 of Genbank.
Modular architecture providing convergent and ubiquitous intelligent connectivity for networks beyond 2030 (2022)

The transition of the networks to support forthcoming beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G services introduces a number of important architectural challenges that force an evolution of existing operational frameworks. Current networks have introduced technical paradigms such as network virtualization, programmability and slicing, being a trend known as network softwarization. Forthcoming B5G and 6G services imposing stringent requirements will motivate a new radical change, augmenting those paradigms with the idea of smartness, pursuing an overall optimization on the usage of network and compute resources in a zero-trust environment. This paper presents a modular architecture under the concept of Convergent and UBiquitous Intelligent Connectivity (CUBIC), conceived to facilitate the aforementioned transition. CUBIC intends to investigate and innovate on the usage, combination and development of novel technologies to accompany the migration of existing networks towards Convergent and Ubiquitous Intelligent Connectivity (CUBIC) solutions, leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) mechanisms and Machine Learning (ML) tools in a totally secure environment.
Supplementary Figure S1 from An &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Functional Screen Identifies ST6GalNAc2 Sialyltransferase as a Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 149K, In vivo validation of 3 hits identified in the screen (Mre11a, Fen1, Wwc1)&lt;/p&gt;
Freeform Fabrication of Zinc Air Batteries with Tailored Geometry and Performance (2005)

This work is focused on the freeform fabrication of complete zinc-air batteries. This method of production gives great freedom in the geometry and construction of the battery, allowing tailoring of the output characteristics, and the possibility of embedding a customized battery within a larger integrated freeform fabricated device. Our batteries utilize a gelling agent to prevent phase separation in the zinc anode and catalyst layers, permitting the use of nozzles down to 1.3mm in diameter. Polyvinyl alcohol is utilized for the separator layer, which replaces the unprintable paper separator used in commercial batteries. With various freeform batteries we have achieved a specific capacity of 60mAh/g of zinc, an average power 7.25mW, and continuous service life of 63h, all with a load of 100 ohms. The specific capacity of our freeform batteries is about 1 order of magnitude lower than that of commercial zinc-air batteries, although under different test conditions. We have investigated the effect of cell active surface area on performance for a cylindrical cell-geometry, and have produced a flexible, two-cell battery with unusual geometry. The tailoring of performance and geometry possible with freeform fabrication will be of great value in the design of optimized smart devices with unusual geometry, portable electronics, and prototypes.
Imaging the Substrate/Film Interface of Thin Films of Diblock Copolymers on Chemically Patterned Surfaces (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTImaging the Substrate/Film Interface of Thin Films of Diblock Copolymers on Chemically Patterned SurfacesXiao M. Yang, Richard D. Peters, and Paul F. NealeyView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 6, 2406–2409Publication Date (Web):February 16, 2002Publication History Received9 July 2001Published online16 February 2002Published inissue 1 March 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0111966Copyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (226 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Copolymers,Polymer films,Thickness,Thin films,Wetting Get e-Alerts
Enhancing the applications space of diffraction based overlay metrology by increasing throughput and target pitch flexibility (2020)

Metrology requirements at advanced nodes are not only tightening on specifications but also broadening in terms of flexibility needed to cover variety of product stacks. Metrology targets need to be process compatible and at the same time these targets should also be readable by the metrology system. In some cases, process conditions require a target pitch that is large compared to the wavelength used by the metrology system. Examples of these situations include for instance topography transfer or stacks with thick resist (for e.g. 3D-NAND). Traditionally overlay is extracted from the asymmetry in the positive and negative first diffraction order generated from &mu;DBO targets. However, when the pitch is large, the targets generate multiple higher diffraction orders. Current state-of-the-art diffraction based overlay systems do not take into account the effect of these higher diffraction orders and typically only select the first diffraction order. This is done by reducing the pitch of the target, tuning the wavelength or by changing the angle of incidence of the illumination light. To address wavelength over pitch flexibility an advanced algorithm was introduced on a new metrology system in the fab, providing full flexibility in the selection of measurement wavelength and pitch. To obey the specifications on accuracy and throughput, we will present a new metrology system that is, compared to its predecessor, about 2x faster and able to measure more accurately because of the ability to measure multiple wavelengths within the same time frame.
A feasibility study on the automatic detection of atrial fibrillation using an unobtrusive bed-mounted sensor (2011)

We present a feasibility study on the automatic detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) from a cardiac vibration signal (ballistocardiogram). Signals were recorded by means of an electromechanical foil attached to a bed’s mattress. A clinical study with 10 AF patients was conducted to assess whether ballistocardiograms (BCG) provide sufficient in-formation to automatically distinguish atrial fibrillations from normal sinus rhythms. For this purpose, the BCGs were split into 30 s long epochs which were manually la-belled as AF or sinus rhythm. Using features extracted from an auto-regressive time-frequency representation of the BCG, a support vector machine classifier was trained to detect AF epochs. The classifier was evaluated on a set of 245 epochs by means of leave-one-out cross-validation. Our results (sensitivity: 96.17 % / specificity: 91.94 %) suggest that it is indeed feasible to use bed-mounted BCG sensors to screen for atrial fibrillations. 1.
Identification and separation of DNA‐hybridized nanocolloids by Taylor cone harmonics (2009)

A rapid (minutes) electrospray bead-based DNA hybridization detection technique is developed by spraying a mixture of hybridized and unhybridized silica nanocolloids. With proper far-field control by external electrodes, the trajectory of the ejected nanobeads from the electrospray is governed by specific harmonics of the Laplace equation, which select discrete polar angles along well-separated field maxima near the conducting Taylor cone. Due to Rayleigh fission and evaporation, beads of different size acquire different total charge after ejection and suffer different normal electrophoretic displacement such that they are ejected along well-separated field maxima and are deposited in distinct rings on an intersecting plane. As the hybridized DNA is of the same dimension as that of the nanocolloid, the nanocolloids are hence easily differentiated from the unhybridized ones. This technique is highly specific as the high shear stress in the microjet shears away any non-specifically bound DNA from the nanocolloid surface.
Effect of Iron Solubilized by Lactoferrin on Iron Status in Adult Women (2007)

ラクトフェリン可溶化鉄（FeLF）は溶解性および生体利用性に優れ，鉄特有の異風味を殆ど呈さない特徴を有する．本研究では貧血傾向のある成人女性にFeLFを含有したサプリメントを12週間摂取させ，FeLFが貧血指標に及ぼす影響について検討した．その結果，血中Hb値13g/dl未満あるいはフェリチン濃度45ng/dl以下の被験者において，血中Hb濃度，MCV，MCHおよびフェリチン濃度が有意に上昇した．また，血液生化学的検査項目に関して臨床上の問題は認められず，一般的な鉄剤にみられるような胃痛やむかつき等の副作用もまったくみられなかった．以上の結果から，FeLFは医薬品で治療するレベルではない貧血傾向あるいは潜在的貧血傾向の人々が安心して日常の食生活の中で摂取できる安全性の高い素材であると考えられた．
Retaining Human-Robots Conversation: Comparing Single Robot to Multiple Robots in a Real Event (2017)

In human-robot conversation in a real environment, low speech recognition and unnatural response generation are critical issues. Most autonomous conversational robotic systems avoid these issues by restricting user input and robot responses. However, such restrictions often render the interaction boring because the conversation becomes predictable. In this study, we propose the use of multiple robots as a solution for this problem. To explore the effect of multiple robots on a conversation, we developed an autonomous conversational robotic system and conducted a field trial in a real event. Our system adopted a button interface, which restricted user input within positive or negative intention, and maintained a conversation by choosing the most suitable of the prepared static scenarios. Through the field trial, we found that visitors who conversed with multiple robots continued their conversation for a more prolonged period, and their experience improved their impression on the conversation, in contrast to the visitors who conversed with a single robot.
Sentiment Analysis of Wimbledon Tweets (2014)

Annotating videos in the absence of textual metadata is a major challenge as it involves complex image and video analytics, which is often error prone. However, if the video is a live coverage of an event, time correlated textual feed about the same event can act as a valuable source of aid for such annotation. Popular real time microblog streams like Twitter feeds can be an ideal source of such textual information. In this paper we explore the possibility of such correlation with the sentiment analysis of a set of tweets of the Roger Federer and Novak “Nole” Djokovic semi finals match at Wimbledon 2012.
A memory-efficient routing method for large-scale spiking neural networks (2013)

Progress in VLSI technologies is enabling the integration of large numbers of spiking neural network processing modules into compact systems. Asynchronous routing circuits are typically employed to efficiently interface these modules, and configurable memory is usually used to implement synaptic connectivity among them. However, supporting arbitrary network connectivity with conventional routing methods would require prohibitively large memory resources. We propose a two stage routing scheme which minimizes the memory requirements needed to implement scalable and reconfigurable spiking neural networks with bounded connectivity. Our routing methodology trades off network configuration flexibility for routing memory demands and is optimized for the most common and anatomically realistic neural network topologies. We describe and analyze our routing method and present a case study with a large neural network.
GPIomics: global analysis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored molecules of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (2009)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is a common, relevant posttranslational modification of eukaryotic surface proteins. Here, we developed a fast, simple, and highly sensitive (high attomole-low femtomole range) method that uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS(n)) for the first large-scale analysis of GPI-anchored molecules (i.e., the GPIome) of a eukaryote, Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Our genome-wise prediction analysis revealed that approximately 12% of T. cruzi genes possibly encode GPI-anchored proteins. By analyzing the GPIome of T. cruzi insect-dwelling epimastigote stage using LC-MS(n), we identified 90 GPI species, of which 79 were novel. Moreover, we determined that mucins coded by the T. cruzi small mucin-like gene (TcSMUG S) family are the major GPI-anchored proteins expressed on the epimastigote cell surface. TcSMUG S mucin mature sequences are short (56-85 amino acids) and highly O-glycosylated, and contain few proteolytic sites, therefore, less likely susceptible to proteases of the midgut of the insect vector. We propose that our approach could be used for the high throughput GPIomic analysis of other lower and higher eukaryotes.
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Alters Allelic Chromatin Conformation at the Imprinted U2af1-rs1 Locus in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2002)

Most loci that are regulated by genomic imprinting have differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Previously, we showed that the DMRs of the mouse Snrpn and U2af1-rs1 genes have paternal allele-specific patterns of acetylation on histones H3 and H4. To investigate the maintenance of acetylation at these DMRs, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation on trichostatin-A (TSA)-treated and control cells. In embryonic stem (ES) cells and fibroblasts, brief (6-h) TSA treatment induces global hyperacetylation of H3 and H4. In ES cells only, TSA led to a selective increase in maternal acetylation at U2af1-rs1, at lysine 5 of H4 and at lysine 14 of H3. TSA treatment of ES cells did not affect DNA methylation or expression of U2af1-rs1, but was sufficient to increase DNase I sensitivity along the maternal allele to a level comparable with that of the paternal allele. In fibroblasts, TSA did not alter U2af1-rs1 acetylation, and the parental alleles retained their differential DNase I sensitivity. At Snrpn, no changes in acetylation were observed in the TSA-treated cells. Our data suggest that the mechanisms regulating histone acetylation at DMRs are locus and developmental stage-specific and are distinct from those effecting global levels of acetylation. Furthermore, it seems that the allelic U2af1-rs1 acetylation determines DNase I sensitivity/chromatin conformation.
Modelling Dynamic Behaviour of Thermally Bonded Bicomponent Fibre Nonwovens (2011)

Summary Nonwovens are polymer-based engineered textiles having randomly distributed fibres bonded together with mechanical, thermal or chemical techniques. This paper focuses on thermally bonded nonwoven fabrics manufactured with bicomponent fibres. Such fibres have a core/sheath structure, with a material of the inner region core - having a higher melting temperature than that of the surface region (sheath). During the bonding of these fibres, a hot calender with an engraved pattern contacts a fibre web causing the sheath part of fibres to melt; the latter acts as an adhesive while the fibres’ core part remains fully intact. As a result of the bonding process, two distinct regions, namely bond points and the fibre matrix, possessing different characteristics, form the nonwoven fabric. The structure of the resulting thermally bonded bi-component fibre nonwoven is shown in Fig. 1 obtained with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this paper a dynamic response of core/sheath type thermally bonded bicomponent fibre nonwoven textiles is simulated in finite element (FE) environment. The simulated nonwoven fabric is treated as an assembly of two regions with distinct mechanical properties. One region - the fibre matrix - is composed of randomly oriented core/sheath fibres acting as link between bond points. Random orientation of individual fibres is introduced into the model in terms of the orientation distribution function in order to calculate the structure’s anisotropy. A code based on digital image processing techniques is developed to analyse the ODF of fibres and the mechanical anisotropy of the fabric using micro-scale images of fibre matrix obtained with SEM or X-ray micro computed tomography. Another region - bond points - is treated as a deformable bicomponent composite material composed of the sheath material as its matrix and the core material as reinforcing fibres with random orientations. A second code is developed to assess the time-dependent anisotropic mechanical properties of these regions based on fibre characteristics and manufacturing parameters such as the planar density, core/sheath ratio, fibre diameter etc. Having distinct anisotropic mechanical properties for two regions, the fabric is modelled with shell elements with thicknesses identical to those of the bond points and fibre matrix. The developed model is used to simulate a dynamic interaction of a falling ball with the nonwoven fabric, resulting in several rebounds. Finally, results of the FE
Carceplex (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Preparation of D‐Penicillamine from Benzylpenicillin. (1990)

Abstract The benzylpenicillin salt (I) reacts with arylamines such as (II) and (V) to give the D‐penicillamine (IV), together with other cleavage products.
Drs. Fisher and Cronstein reply (2010)

To the Editor: We read with interest Ranganathan and McLeod’s comments and agree with their conclusions. We carried out our metaanalysis1 of the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with methotrexate (MTX) toxicity because of the extremely … Address correspondence to Dr. Fisher. E-mail: markcfisher{at}gmail.com
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of a Model Catalytic System in Ultrahigh Vacuum: The Adsorption of Triallylrhodium on the TiO2 (001) Surface. (1987)

Abstract (II) reacts with OH groups on the surface of TiO 2 to produce a surface species (III).