gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental and genetic effects on circadian clock-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis. (1997)

Expression patterns of the cold-circadian rhythm-RNA binding (CCR) and chlorophyll a/b binding (CAB) protein genes have circadian rhythms with phases that are different from each other and are affected differently by cold (4 degrees C) treatment. Cycling of CCR and CAB RNA levels was observed in Arabidopsis seedlings grown for 5 days at 4 degrees C under a light/ dark photoperiod, although the cycling had reduced amplitude compared with normal growth conditions (20 degrees C). CCR RNA levels were elevated in the cold, whereas CAB RNA levels were reduced in the cold relative to levels in control seedlings. Cold pulses (4 degrees C for 12 or 20 hr) under continuous light affected the rhythms of CCR and CAB RNA levels in similar ways. The 12-hr cold pulse caused a 4-hr phase delay in both rhythms, whereas the 20-hr cold pulse resulted in a 12-hr phase delay in both rhythms. The timing of CAB expression 1 (toc1) mutation shortened the period of the CCR rhythm, matching previous results for the regulation of the CAB-luciferase (CAB-luc) transgene in this mutant. The results suggest that CCR and CAB share clock machinery but are regulated by downstream components that are affected differently by the cold. Also, the circadian clock regulating these genes in Arabidopsis has a cold-sensitive phase under continuous light conditions.
Phase I pharmacokinetic (PK) and biodistribution study of radium-223 chloride in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) metastatic to bone. (2010)

4680 Background: Radium-223 chloride (Alpharadin) is a first-in-class alpha-pharmaceutical with a potent and highly targeted antitumor effect on bone metastases and a favorable safety profile in prior studies. This study was conducted to further define the PK, biodistribution, and safety profile of radium-223. Methods: Patients (pts) with progressive CRPC and ≥2 bone metastases were treated in cohorts of 3-6 pts with a single dose of: 50, 100, 200 kBq/kg followed by 1 optional dose of 50 kBq/kg 6 wks later. Blood and whole body radiation counts were determined and serial gamma camera images were acquired post injection: immediately, post first void (within 0-6 hrs of treatment), and on days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7. DLT was defined as Grade (Gr) 3-4 non-hematologic toxicity, prolonged Gr 3-4 neutropenia (>14 days) or Gr 4 thrombocytopenia (>7 days), within 4 weeks of the first dose. Results: 10 pts were treated, 3 in cohorts 1 and 2 each, and 4 in cohort 3. 6 pts received a 2nd injection. 4 pts did not receive a 2nd dose due to disease progression (2 pts), Gr 3 anemia (1 pt), or an unrelated adverse event (1 pt). Within 10 mins of injection radium-223 accumulated in bone metastases and was also seen in the small bowel with subsequent fecal transit to the colon. Total body clearance was largely determined by transit through gut (mean biological t1/2=59hr). Blood clearance was rapid and bi-exponential with respective partition coefficients and t1/2 of 1.7%ID/L, 0.3 hr and 0.8%ID/L, 6.3 hr. The fraction of counts in the G.I. tract relative to the total body counts at 24hr ranged from 17.4 to 43.9% (mean 30.2%). Significant drug-related adverse events were: 1 pt with Gr 3 hemoglobin; 1 pt with Gr 3 platelets; and 1 pt with Gr 4 WBC, Gr 3 ANC, Gr 3 diarrhea, and Gr 3 nausea. Toxicities were unrelated to dose level. Conclusions: Radium-223 chloride was well tolerated, and no MTD was reached up to 200 kBq/kg. The agent was rapidly cleared from blood, accumulated in bone and excreted through small bowel with sequential transit through the large bowel. A phase I/IIa trial in combination with docetaxel is planned and a phase III survival study is ongoing (the ALSYMPCA study). Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Algeta ASA Algeta ASA Algeta ASA Algeta ASA
Energy Efficient Adaptive Cooperative Routing (EEACR) with multiple sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of hundreds or thousands of battery operated, computable and low cost sensors. In WSNs energy conservation is an important design issue for routing, power management and data dissemination protocols. The existing cooperative routing is addressed to reduce the energy consumption. We propose an algorithm Energy Efficient Adaptive Cooperative Routing (EEACR), that maximizes the energy and Lifetime of the network. Mathematical model is developed to find the best location of the sink to reduce the distance between sources and the sink. A comparative study of EEACR with multiple static and mobile sinks is carried out. Simulation result shows that the EEACR algorithm produces better result than the existing Algorithms.
Non-volatile silicon photonic switches based on phase change materials (2021)

We report nonvolatile electrically reconfigurable photonic switches using PCM-clad waveguides and microrings actuated by in-situ silicon PIN heaters. High extinction ratio (~15 dB), near-zero extra loss, and high cyclability (&gt; 3000) are demonstrated.
Axial Fracture Initiation During Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests and Its Consequences on Interpretations (2021)

Abstract Diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFIT) are used widely in the unconventional reservoirs to obtain formation properties. These properties can be crucial in optimizing primary and infill completions. The interpretation methods are assuming that pumping fluid would create a single planar fracture, however, perforation frictions and near wellbore stress concentration may accommodate initiation of fractures along the casing first (axial fractures). The possibility of the formation of an axial fracture increases in high injection rates and low differential stresses. In this study, we investigate the effect of the formation of an additional axial fracture on a DFIT test and its interpretation, using a fully coupled geomechanics and fluid flow model. We provide a model for the initiation and closure of axial and transverse fractures during the process. We also demonstrate that the estimate of the closure stress can be misleading when presence of an additional axial fracture is ignored. Finally, we discuss a potential method to determine the maximum horizontal stress under such circumstances. In fact, the variations in cement quality, cement type and its placement play roles in linking of adjacent perforations and form axial fractures, therefore it might be difficult to establish a safe perforation design to avoid initiation of axial fractures, but we can adjust our analysis to incorporate axial fractures effect.
Methodology and practical application of an ArF resist model calibration (2004)

This paper focuses on a novel methodology for a fast and efficient resist model calibration. One of the most crucial parts when calibrating a resist model is the fitting of experimental data where up to 20 resist model parameters are varied. Although general optimization approaches such as simplex algorithms or genetic algorithms have proven suitable for many applications, they do not exploit specific properties of resist models. Therefore, we have developed a new strategy based on Design of Experiment methods which makes use of these specific characteristics. This algorithm will be outlined and then be demonstrated by applying it to the calibration of a Solid-C resist model for one ArF line/space resist. As characterizing dataset we chose: a) a Focus Exposure Matrix (FEM) for the dense array, b) linearity, c) OPE (optical proximity) curve and e) the MEEF (mask error enhancement factor) for a dense array. It turned out that a simultaneous fit of the complete data set was not possible by varying resist parameters only. Considering the <i>optical</i> parameters appeared to be crucial as well. Therefore the influence of the optical settings (illumination, projection, 3D mask effects) on the lithography process will be discussed at this point. Finally we obtained an excellent matching of model predictions and experimental results.
4D-3 A 2 GHz Reference Oscillator incorporating a Temperature Compensated BAW Resonator (2006)

A reference oscillator operating at 2 GHz and based on a temperature compensated bulk acoustic wave resonator is presented. Temperature compensation is realized by addition of an extra SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> layer in the resonator. The temperature drift of the resonance frequency of the resonator is -5 ppm/K. The oscillator circuit has the Butler topology and uses the BAW resonator at series resonance. The demonstrator incorporating a high impedance resonator shows a low phase noise: -99 dBc/Hz and -120 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and 100 kHz offset, respectively. The drift of the oscillator frequency with temperature is almost linear and almost equal to that of the stand-alone resonator. The supply voltage dependence is 100 ppm/V in this oscillator
The Anaesthetic Pre-Admission Clinic is Effective in Minimising Surgical Cancellation Rates. (2013)

Pre-admission clinics (PAC) are now well-established in most hospitals. However, there have been few studies examining the efficacy of PACs in minimising day of surgery cancellations due to anaesthetic reasons. A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a metropolitan tertiary hospital over a four-year period to assess reasons for anaesthetic-related day of surgery cancellations in elective surgical patients who attended the PAC. Of 12,537 patients who attended the PAC during the study period, 58 (0.46%) were cancelled on the day of surgery for anaesthetic reasons. The most common cause was non-preventable misadventure such as acute respiratory tract infections, seen in 19 patients (33% of all anaesthetic cancellations). The next most common cause was classified as being due to patient or system error (16 patients). This included patients' failure to adhere to fasting or medication guidelines, or a failure to detect and respond to abnormal laboratory results. Clinical disagreement between anaesthetic assessment at the PAC and the attending anaesthetist on the day of surgery was low (12 patients, 21%), and clinical deterioration in a pre-existing condition (six patients, 10%) accounted for the majority of other cancellations. Although patient misadventure constituted the major cause of anaesthetic cancellations, non-adherence to fasting and medication guidelines constituted the next major reason for surgery cancellation due to anaesthetic causes. This is important as such cancellations are potentially preventable and the overall cancellation rate could potentially be improved by instituting relatively simple changes to clinic function.
Beyond Ultrasound Guidance for Regional Anesthesiology (2017)

Despite its popularity, ultrasound (US)-guided regional anesthesiology is associated with significant limitations. The latter can be attributed to either the US machine (ie, decreased ability to insonate deep neural structures, as well as the thoracic spine) or the operator. Shortcomings associated with the operator can be explained by errors in perception (ie, ambiguous criteria for needle/catheter tip-to-nerve proximity and subparaneural local anesthetic injection) or interpretation. Perhaps the greatest confusion afflicting US-guided regional anesthesiology originates from an intellectual misconception pertaining to its application. Increasingly, authors are using US to identify interfascial planes where local anesthetic can be injected thereby "discovering" new truncal blocks. Often these novel blocks suffer from a lack of proper randomized, comparative validation.Fortunately, solutions have been proposed to remedy many shortcomings associated with US guidance. The inability of US to reliably insonate deep neural structures can be circumvented with adjunctive neurostimulation. Fluoroscopy and waveform analysis have been proven to increase the success rate of thoracic epidural blocks. For continuous nerve blocks, combined US-neurostimulation may provide an objective end point (ie, an evoked motor response) for neural proximity and subparaneural positioning of the catheter tip. Finally, the solution to the plethora of nonvalidated US-guided blocks is both elegant and simple. New nerve blocks should answer a specific clinical need, and their first descriptions should take the form of an adequately powered, observer-blinded, randomized comparison against the established standard of care or, at the very least, a large case series (eg, a Brief Technical Report).
Optimization of Solid-State Fermentation of Switchgrass Using White-Rot Fungi for Biofuel Production (2022)

Biological delignification using white-rot fungi is a possible approach in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Despite the considerable promise of this low-input, environmentally-friendly pretreatment strategy, its large-scale application is still limited. Therefore, understanding the best combination of factors which affect biological pretreatment and its impact on enzymatic hydrolysis is essential for its commercialization. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of fungal pretreatment on the enzymatic digestibility of switchgrass under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC), Trametes versicolor 52J (Tv 52J), and a mutant strain of Trametes versicolor that is cellobiose dehydrogenase-deficient (Tv m4D). Response surface methodology and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to ascertain the optimum pretreatment conditions and the effects of pretreatment factors on delignification, cellulose loss, and total available carbohydrate (TAC). Pretreatment with Tv m4D gave the highest TAC (73.4%), while the highest delignification (23.6%) was observed in the PC-treated sample. Fermentation temperature significantly affected the response variables for the wild-type fungal strains, while fermentation time was the main significant factor for Tv m4D. The result of enzymatic hydrolysis with fungus-treated switchgrass at optimum pretreatment conditions showed that pretreatment with the white-rot fungi enhanced enzymatic digestibility with wild-type T. versicolor (52J)-treated switchgrass, yielding approximately 64.9% and 74% more total reducing sugar before and after densification, respectively, than the untreated switchgrass sample. Pretreatment using PC and Tv 52J at low severity positively contributed to enzymatic digestibility but resulted in switchgrass pellets with low unit density and tensile strength compared to the pellets from the untreated switchgrass.
Artery and vein differentiation in retinal optical coherence tomography angiography of macular region (2019)

Differential artery-vein analysis is valuable for early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other eye diseases. As a new optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging modality, emerging OCT angiography (OCTA) provides capillary level resolution for accurate examination of retinal vasculatures. However, differential artery-vein analysis in OCTA, particularly for macular region in which blood vessels are small, is challenging. In coordination with an automatic vessel tracking algorithm, we report here the feasibility of using near infrared OCT oximetry to guide artery-vein classification in OCTA of macular region.
Bismuthanylstibanes (2020)

Thermally-robust bismuthanylstibanes are prepared in a one-step, high yield reaction, providing the first examples of neutral Bi–Sb σ-bonds in the solid state. DFT calculations indicate that the bis(silylamino)naphthalene scaffold is well-suited for supporting otherwise labile bonds. The reaction chemistry of the Bi–Sb bond is exploited by showing insertion of a sulfur atom, providing the first documented example of a Bi–S–Sb bonding moiety.
Luna (2002)

Extensible Java systems face a difficult trade-off between sharing and protection. On one hand, Java's ability to run different protection domains in a single virtual machine enables domains to share data easily and communicate without address space switches. On the other hand, unrestricted sharing blurs the boundaries between protection domains, making it difficult to terminate domains and enforce restrictions on resource usage. Existing solutions to these problems restrict sharing in an ad-hoc fashion, ruling out many desirable programming styles.This paper presents an extension to Java's type system that systematically addresses the issues of data sharing, revocation, thread control, and resource control. Multiple tasks running in a single virtual machines share data using special remote pointers , which have different types from local pointers. The distinction between local and remote pointers allows the Java runtime system to mediate the communication between tasks without slowing down operations on ordinary pointers. The extensions to Java are implemented by a system called Luna, based on the Guavac and Marmot compilers, extended with special optimizations to support both fast inter-task communication and dynamic access control. The paper describes two applications written in Luna: a simple extensible web server, and an extension of the Squid web cache to support dynamic content generation.
Experimental Demonstration of Memristor-Aided Logic (MAGIC) Using Valence Change Memory (VCM) (2020)

Memristor-aided logic (MAGIC) is a technique for performing in-memory computing using memristive devices. The design of a MAGIC NOR gate has been described in detail, and it serves as the basic building block for several processing-in-memory architectures. However, the input stability of the MAGIC NOR gate forces a limitation on the threshold voltages: the magnitude of the set voltage must be higher than the magnitude of the reset voltage. Unfortunately, many of the current leading resistive switching technologies, particularly, valence change memory (VCM), have the opposite ratio between the threshold voltages. In this article, we experimentally demonstrate the undesirable effects of input instability. Furthermore, we introduce three new MAGIC gates for devices with low set-to-reset voltage ratios and experimentally demonstrate their robust operation using Pt/Ta 2 O 5 /W/Pt devices. The three gates, combined with constant values, are functionally complete and are demonstrated as building blocks for in-memory logic on VCM devices.
Memory activation and the availability of explanations in sequential diagnostic reasoning. (2011)

In the field of diagnostic reasoning, it has been argued that memory activation can provide the reasoner with a subset of possible explanations from memory that are highly adaptive for the task at hand. However, few studies have experimentally tested this assumption. Even less empirical and theoretical work has investigated how newly incoming observations affect the availability of explanations in memory over time. In this article we present the results of 2 experiments in which we address these questions. While participants diagnosed sequentially presented medical symptoms, the availability of potential explanations in memory was measured with an implicit probe reaction time task. The results of the experiments were used to test 4 quantitative cognitive models. The models share the general assumption that observations can activate and inhibit explanations in memory. They vary with respect to how newly incoming observations affect the availability of explanations over time. The data of both experiments were predicted best by a model in which all observations in working memory have the same potential to activate explanations from long-term memory and in which these observations do not decay. The results illustrate the power of memory activation processes and show where additional deliberate reasoning strategies might come into play.
Research problems on numerical ranges in quantum computing (2009)

Abstract We describe some instances in quantum information processing where numerical range techniques arise. We focus on two basic settings: higher-rank numerical ranges and their relevance in theoretical quantum error correction, and the classical numerical range and its use for comparing quantum information processing operations. We present the basic theory, discuss examples and formulate open problems. Keywords: numerical rangehigher-rank numerical rangequantum information processingquantum error correctiongate fidelityAMS Subject Classifications: 15A6015A9047N5081P68 Acknowledgements D.W. Kribs is grateful for several interesting conversations with participants of WONRA08, and for helpful conversations with M.B. Ruskai. D.W. Kribs was partially supported by NSERC grant 400160, by NSERC Discovery Accelerator Supplement 400233, and by Ontario Early Researcher Award 048142. A. Pasieka was partially supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship. M.P. da Silva and C. Ryan were partially supported by NSERC, M. Laforest was partially supported by NSERC and FQRNT.
Muscle Moment Arms in the First Dorsal Extensor Compartment After Radial Malunion (2008)

Distal radial malunion alters the mechanical advantage of the muscles in the first dorsal extensor compartment.
DRAMA: Joint Risk Localization and Captioning in Driving (2023)

Considering the functionality of situational awareness in safety-critical automation systems, the perception of risk in driving scenes and its explainability is of particular importance for autonomous and cooperative driving. Toward this goal, this paper proposes a new research direction of joint risk localization in driving scenes and its risk explanation as a natural language description. Due to the lack of standard benchmarks, we collected a large-scale dataset, DRAMA (Driving Risk Assessment Mechanism with A captioning module), which consists of 17,785 interactive driving scenarios collected in Tokyo, Japan. Our DRAMA dataset accommodates video- and object-level questions on driving risks with associated important objects to achieve the goal of visual captioning as a free-form language description utilizing closed and open-ended responses for multi-level questions, which can be used to evaluate a range of visual captioning capabilities in driving scenarios. We make this data available to the community for further re-search. Using DRAMA, we explore multiple facets of joint risk localization and captioning in interactive driving scenarios. In particular, we benchmark various multi-task pre-diction architectures and provide a detailed analysis of joint risk localization and risk captioning. The data set is available at https://usa.honda-ri.com/drama
Project Final Report Final Publishable Summary Report (2012)

This document is the final publishable summary report, part of the CONNECT final report.
Subcutaneously Injected Radiolabeled Liposomes: Transport to the Lymph Nodes in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt; (1982)

Male A/He mice were given sc injections in the feet with [3,5,3'-125I]triiodothyronine, [125I]T3, either in the free state or encapsulated within sonicated phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Radioactivity was recovered from the injection site, the popliteal lymph nodes (LN), blood, liver, lungs, and spleen at various times (5 min to 6 hr) after injection. The highest level of radioactivity was found in the popliteal LN of mice given liposome-encapsulated (LE) [125I]T3: For more than 3 hours after the injection, radioactivity was fivefold to fiftyfold higher there than that in all the other organs including the popliteal LN of mice given injections of free [125I]T3. The results demonstrated that sc injected liposomes enter the lymphatic pathways and reach the draining LN. Thus local administration of LE antitumor drugs into the sites of a malignant tumor before its excision might be useful in preventing postoperative metastases to the draining LN.