gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biocatalytic Self-Assembly Using Reversible and Irreversible Enzyme Immobilization (2017)

Biocatalytic control of molecular self-assembly provides an effective approach for developing smart biomaterials, allowing versatile enzyme-mediated tuning of material structure and properties as well as enabling biomedical applications. We functionalized surfaces with bioinspired polydopamine and polyphenol coatings to study the effects of enzyme surface localization and surface release on the self-assembly process. We show how these coatings could be conveniently used to release enzymes for bulk gelation as well as to irreversibly immobilize enzymes for localizing the self-assembly to the surface. The results provide insights to the mode of action of biocatalytic self-assembly relevant to nanofabrication and enzyme-responsive materials.
Human Otopathologic Findings in Cases of Folded Cochlear Implant Electrodes (2018)

Atypical fibro-osseous changes and lower SGN counts are observed in cases of CI electrode folding. Future studies are necessary to determine if recognition and correction of folding can prevent long-term intracochlear changes.
Feedforward digital tracking controllers for motion control applications (1992)

This paper reviews digital tracking control algorithms for motion control applications. In tracking control, the control objective is to steer the control object along the time-varying desired output. Two design approaches are presented for the case where the desired signal is known in advance, i.e. previewable. One approach is based on the mathematical inverse of a closed-loop system consisting of a controlled plant and a feedback controller. If the mathematical inverse is asymptotically stable, i.e. the closed-loop system does not possess zeros outside the unit circle (unstable zeros), it is an ideal feedforward controller for achieving perfect tracking under the preview assumption. For closed-loop systems with unstable zeros, a cancellation technique for the phase shift induced by unstable zeros is introduced. Another approach is based on linear quadratic optimal control and is known as finite optimal preview control. In this approach, the feedback controller and feedforward controller are determined simultaneously by minimizing a quadratic performance index which involves a tracking error term and a term related to the control effort. Applications of these tracking control algorithms to mechanical systems control are described.
Splicing and Disease (2012)

• An increasing number of diseases are now recognized to be caused by the selection of “wrong” splice sites. • The selection of “wrong” splice sites can be caused by mutation in the DNA, or by changes in trans-acting factors. • Aberrant splicing is best studied in monogenetic diseases, but is increasingly found in complex diseases.
Smart grid topology identification using sparse recovery (2015)

The technology of smart grid (SG) shapes the traditional power grid into a dynamical network which includes a layer of information that flows through the energy system. Recorded data from a variety of parameters in SGs, can improve analysis of different supervisory problems, but an important issue is the cost and power efficiency in data analysis procedures. This paper presents an efficient solution for topology identification (TI) and monitoring activities in SG. The basic idea of this work comes from combining the sparse recovery theory with graph theory concepts. The power network is modeled as a large interconnected graph, which can be evaluated with the DC power-flow model. Therefore the topology identification for such a system is mathematically reformulated as a sparse recovery problem (SRP), which can be efficiently solved using SRP solvers. In this paper, the network models have been generated with MATPOWER toolbox, and Matlab based simulation results have shown that the proposed method represents a promising approach for real time TI in SGs.
Measurement of Microwave Resonators for Improved $T_{1}$ in Josephson Qubits (2006)

A population PKPD model has been developed for oral oxycodone using three different pain variables to explore impact of genetic covariates and study design. None of the selected polymorphisms were significantly associated with analgesic response of oxycodone, but an association of baseline response in muscle cuff pressure with two OPRK1 SNPs was identified.
Flexible Solar Cells: Ultralight High‐Efficiency Flexible InGaP/(In)GaAs Tandem Solar Cells on Plastic (Adv. Energy Mater. 5/2013) (2013)

Ultralight high-efficiency flexible solar cells can enable new applications in consumer electronics and space satellites. Davood Shahrjerdi and co-workers present on page 566 a novel layer transfer approach, called controlled spalling, for making large-area flexible III-V tandem solar cells on plastic with conversion efficiency of >28% under one sun intensity. This flexible solar cell exhibits a remarkably high specific power, thus lending itself to portable applications requiring high-efficiency and lightweight flexible photovoltaic modules.
Altered Expression of Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Breast Cancer (2011)

The reduction in IR-B expression is the key to the altered IR-A:IR-B ratio observed in breast cancer. The IR-A:IR-B ratio may have biomarker utility in guiding a patient stratification strategy for an anti-IGF therapeutic.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiallergic Activity of N‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)‐3‐(piperazin‐1‐ yl)propanamides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of granulating characteristics on harmless disposal of waste selective catalytic reduction catalyst in iron ore sintering process (2020)

Abstract The harmless treatment of waste selective catalytic reduction catalyst has become a thorny problem. In this investigation, a new method of harmless disposal of waste catalyst by utilizing iron ore sintering process is proposed, and the effect of granulating characteristics is studied. Results show that better bed permeability, shorter sintering time, and faster flame front speed could be characterized by applying higher granulating moisture. Sinter mineral and microstructure research found that wider distribution of skeleton‐crystal hematite while less calcium ferrite could be observed at higher granulating moisture. The porosity of sinter increases from 30.82% for granulating moisture 6.0% to 36.54% for granulating moisture 7.5% while the circle factor of pores decreases. Sinter index research results indicate that both tumbler index and yield have a descended trend whereas flame front speed increases with higher granulating moisture added. Productivity first increases then drops with increasing granulating moisture. Finally, a comprehensive index is used to evaluate the influence of granulating characteristics on sintering process, which first increases from 100 to 121 as granulating moisture increases from 6% to 6.5% then drops to 70.8 when granulating moisture further increases to 7.5%. The granulating moisture of 6.5% is recommended in present study.
Human salivary amylase gene copy number impacts oral and gut microbiomes (2018)

Summary Host genetic variation influences the composition of the human microbiome. While studies have focused on associations between the microbiome and single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes, their copy number (CN) can also vary. Here, in a study of human subjects including a 2-week standard diet, we relate oral and gut microbiome to CN at the AMY1 locus, which encodes the gene for salivary amylase, active in starch degradation. We show that although diet standardization drove gut microbiome convergence, AMY1 -CN influenced oral and gut microbiome composition and function. The gut microbiomes of low- AMY1 -CN subjects had an enhanced capacity for breakdown of complex carbohydrates. Those of high- AMY1 subjects were enriched in microbiota linked to resistant starch fermentation, had higher fecal SCFAs, and drove higher adiposity when transferred to germfree mice. Gut microbiota results were validated in a larger separate population. This study establishes AMY1 -CN as a genetic factor patterning microbiome composition and function.
Genetic and pharmacological modulation of giant depolarizing potentials in the neonatal hippocampus associates with increased seizure susceptibility (2012)

The expression of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1) is responsible for high intracellular Cl(-) resulting in the excitatory action of GABA(A) receptor activation in the developing brain. Giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs) are spontaneous network oscillations that involve GABA(A) receptors and are thought to be important in establishing neuronal circuit wiring. Earlier work established that seizure susceptibility in the GABA(A) γ2(R43Q) epilepsy mouse is impacted by developmental consequences of impaired GABA(A) receptor function. We investigated the potential mechanism of the developmental influence by recording GDPs in the CA3 pyramidal neurons from brain slices of the neonatal GABA(A) γ2(R43Q) mouse. Interestingly, the number of GPDs was significantly lower in slices from mutant mouse compared with wild-type control, suggesting an involvement in setting seizure susceptibility. To test this idea we blocked NKCC1 with bumetanide in neonatal mice and reduced the number of GDPs to a level similar to that seen in the mutant mice. We found that neonatal treatment with bumetanide resulted in a similar level of susceptibility to thermally induced seizures as described for the GABA(A) γ2(R43Q) mouse. These results provide evidence that a human GABA(A) receptor epilepsy mutation exerts a developmental influence by modulating the number of GDPs. It also draws attention to the potential risk of early treatment with bumetanide.
Experimental design and interpretation of functional neuroimaging studies of cognitive processes (2007)

This article discusses how the relation between experimental and baseline conditions in functional neuroimaging studies affects the conclusions that can be drawn from a study about the neural correlates of components of the cognitive system and about the nature and organization of those components. I argue that certain designs in common use--in particular the contrast of qualitatively different representations that are processed at parallel stages of a functional architecture--can never identify the neural basis of a cognitive operation and have limited use in providing information about the nature of cognitive systems. Other types of designs-such as ones that contrast representations that are computed in immediately sequential processing steps and ones that contrast qualitatively similar representations that are parametrically related within a single processing stage-are more easily interpreted.
&lt;title&gt;Archimedean-spiral and log-spiral antenna comparison&lt;/title&gt; (2002)

For several years, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used to search for buried landmines. Most of the evaluation effort on complete detection systems has focused on end-to-end performance metrics (e.g., Pd and Pfa). Here, we focus on the specific performance of one critical component of GPR systems-the antennas. This is the first in a series of papers that will compare the following parameters of many different antennas: (1) the most useful bandwidths, (2) the role of polarization and polarization diversity, (3) spurious coupling effects, and (4) phase-correction considerations. This paper compares four types of Planning Systems, Inc., antennas that were developed for current and past GPR systems. These are a 5.5-in. log-spiral antenna without balun or spiral-arm terminations; 5.75-in. log-spiral antenna with tapered balun and arm termination; 5.5-in. Archimedean-spiral antenna with tapered balun, but without arm terminations; and 5.75-in. Archimedean-spiral antenna with tapered balun and arm terminations. Three main tests were performed to compare the antennas: (1) S11, to show overall matching bandwidth and to reveal discontinuities in the balun-antenna-termination structure; (2) S21, to measure undesired direct-path coupling relative to intended target scattering; and (3) S21, to show direct coupling vs. antenna spacing.
Roles of Hydrophobicity and Volatility of Organic Substrates on Sonolytic Kinetics in Aqueous Solutions (2005)

The aquasonolytic rate constants of cyclic C6H(X), aliphatic C6H(X), thioethers, thiophenes, and N-heterocyclic compounds show over a 90-fold variation under identical conditions of ultrasonic irradiations. Henry's Law constant of the substrate has a substantial effect on the aquasonolytic rate; a higher Henry's Law constant leads to a aquasonolytic rate constant, which indicating the transfer process of organic substrate between bulk liquid and cavitational bubbles is essential for aquasonolysis. The aquasonolytic rate constants, however, dramatically show an irregular variation with increasing vapor pressure among various substrates. Although the volatility of substrate has been widely regarded as a basic factor influencing aquasonolysis, it seems that vapor pressure of substrate is not a determining one that accounts for the difference of aquasonolytic rate constants. In contrast, the hydrophobic parameters of volatile substrate such as water solubility and octanol-water partition coefficient have shown obvious correlation with the aquasonolytic rate constant for the model compounds; a higher hydrophobicity of volatile substrate results in a higher aquasonolytic rate constant. It could be concluded that the transfer process from bulk liquid to cavitational bubbles and the aquasonolytic kinetics of organic substrate are jointly controlled by the hydrophobicity and volatility; therein the hydrophobicity dominates the transfer process and the aquasonolysis of volatile substrate.
An image database for benchmarking of automatic face detection and recognition algorithms (2002)

This paper describes a face image database which has been created and developed at Kodak as a common database for direct benchmarking of automatic face detection and recognition algorithms. This consumer application-oriented face image database is composed of two main sub-databases, one for face detection, and one for face recognition. The database is intended to be distributed to researchers both inside and outside of Kodak working in face detection and recognition research. The database contains pictures taken using consumer digital cameras, scanned in from a photo scanner, as well as pictures from Kodak Image Magic picture disks. The details of the face database such as the development process and the image file formats, are described, together with a discussion on some application scenarios, as well as current benchmarking activities.
A hybrid elastic model allowing real-time cutting, deformations and force-feedback for surgery training and simulation (2003)

We describe the basic components of a surgery simulator prototype developed at INRIA. After a short presentation of the geometric modeling of anatomical structures from medical images, we insist on the physical modeling components which must allow realistic interaction with surgical instruments. We present three physical models which are well suited for surgery simulation. Those models are based on linear elasticity theory and finite element modeling. The first model pre-computes the deformations and forces applied on a finite element model, therefore allowing the deformation of large structures in real-time. Unfortunately, it does not allow any topology change of the mesh therefore forbids the simulation of cutting during surgery. The second physical model is based on a dynamic law of motion and allows to simulate cutting and tearing. We called this model "tensor-mass" since it is analogous to spring-mass models for linear elasticity. This model allows volumetric deformations and cuttings, but has to be applied to a limited number of nodes to run in real-time. Finally, we propose a method for combining those two approaches into a hybrid model which may allow real time deformations and cuttings of large enough anatomical structures. This model has been implemented in a simulation system and real-time experiments are described and illustrated.
Dissecting the Structure of Thiopeptides: Assessment of Thiazoline and Tail Moieties of Baringolin and Antibacterial Activity Optimization (2014)

Several analogues of baringolin (1) were prepared to evaluate the role of its characteristic thiazoline ring and pentapeptidic tail with the aim of defining structure-activity relationships for these moieties. The thiazoline ring appeared as a crucial moiety to maintain a broad scope of activities against different Gram-positive bacteria. Further modifications were performed to simplify the structure of the natural product and assess the role of its tail, resulting in an enhanced in vitro performance. Analogue 25, with the thiazole-containing macrocycle and a 4-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid moiety in place of the pentapeptidic tail, was identified as a much more potent analogue, capable of overcoming the absence of the thiazoline ring and performing extraordinarily well against all strains tested. This is the first library of thiopeptide analogues produced by chemical synthesis alone, which demonstrates the robustness and convenience of the synthetic strategy used.
Garbage collection in a large, distributed object store (1997)

Systems that store a large number of persistent objects over many sites in a network pose new challenges to storage management. This thesis presents a comprehensive design for collecting garbage objects in such systems. The design achieves scalability by partitioning the system at two levels: Each site traces its objects independently of other sites, and the disk space at each site is divided into partitions that are traced one at a time in main memory. To trace a site independently of other sites, and a partition independently of other partitions, objects reachable from other partitions or other sites must be treated as roots. This introduces two problems. First, maintaining up-to-date information about inter-site and inter-partition references can stall applications and increase usage of disk, memory, and the network. Second, treating these references as roots does not allow collection of cycles of garbage objects spanning multiple sites or multiple partitions. Solutions to these problems have been proposed in single-site or distributed systems, but they do not scale to many partitions or many sites. This thesis presents scalable solutions to these problems. The thesis provides new techniques to organize and update a potentially large amount of inter-
Artificial enzyme-based biosensors (2009)

During the last forty years, enzyme-base biosensors have had great success in the detection and quantification of various biologically-relevant molecules. However, native enzymes can sometimes be costly, delicate to manipulate or simply absent for a particular analyte. Hence, artificial or synthetic enzymes could be a useful alternative to natural proteins for the conception of new biosensors, since they can be, a priori, designed in their entirety, as well as more robust, available, chemically malleable and cheap, in comparison with their natural analogues. In this Perspective, we will provide a snapshot of this emerging research field.
Improved partial k-space reconstruction technique for dynamic myocardial perfusion MRI (2005)

The advent of partially parallel k-space data acquisition and reconstruction techniques has resulted in a drastic reduction in acquisition time. In this work, we have shown that the use of a new hybrid technique for reconstruction of partial k-space data can reduce acquisition time without loss of spatiotemporal resolution. The technique is termed hybrid k-t GRAPPA since it is a combination of k-t GRAPPA and an image-k-space keyhole technique. The hybrid method with an acceleration factor 4 generated better results than standard GRAPPA with acceleration factor 2 in preliminary results.
Prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in a general adolescent population (2014)

Both EIB and EILO are common causes of exercise-induced dyspnoea in adolescents. EILO is equally common among girls and boys and can coexist with EIB.
Large magnetocaloric effect in van der Waals crystal CrBr3 (2019)

We study the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in van der Waals (vdW) crystal CrBr3. Bulk CrBr3 exhibits a second-order paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition with TC = 33 K. The maximum magnetic entropy change −ΔSM near TC is about 7.2 J·kg−1·K−1 with the maximum adiabatic temperature change ΔTadmax = 2.37 K and the relative cooling power RCP = 191.5 J·kg−1 at μ0H = 5 T, all of which are remarkably larger than those in CrI3. These results suggest that the vdW crystal CrBr3 is a promising candidate for the low-dimensional magnetic refrigeration in low temperature region.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Gymnastics of Alkynes Orchestrated by Ruthenium Complexes (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carbon Foam Cold Head Heat Exchanger for O2 Liquefaction (2009)

NASA proposed to develop a cryogenic system which incorporates integrated refrigeration with a Brayton cycle to liquefy and store oxygen for a sustainable consumables transfer station for use on the lunar surface. For this cryogenic system to be compact and lightweight, a very significant enhancement in gas side heat transfer coefficient is required. In this paper, heat transfer and pressure drop with carbon foam as a heat transfer medium was investigated both experimentally and numerically. It was demonstrated that porous carbon foam is very effective in increasing heat transfer but can also lead to a high pressure drop. With a corrugated configuration for the carbon foam, pressure drop can be significantly decreased without an appreciable change in heat transfer coefficient.
Asymmetric Reduction of Aromatic Ketones. II. An Enantioselective Synthesis of Methyl(2R,3S)-3-(4-Methoxypehnyl)glycidate. (1993)

Asymmetric reduction of some 3-keto esters (6, 8, and 11) to 3-hydroxy esters (7, 9, and 12) with various chiral reducing agents was investigated. The products (9 and 12) were converted to methyl (2R, 3S)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)glycidate (2R, 3S-3), a key intermediate in the practical enantioselective synthesis of dilitazem (1).
Chain stopper engineering for hydrogen bonded supramolecular polymers (2010)

Supramolecular polymers are linear chains of low molar mass monomers held together by reversible and directional non-covalent interactions, which can form gels or highly viscous solutions if the self-assembled chains are sufficiently long and rigid. The viscosity of these solutions can be controlled by adding monofunctional compounds, which interact with the chain extremities: chain stoppers. We have synthesized new substituted ureas and thioureas and tested them as chain stoppers for a bis-urea based supramolecular polymer. In particular, the bis-thiourea analogue of the bis-urea monomer is shown not to form a supramolecular polymer, but a good chain stopper, because it is a strong hydrogen bond donor and a weak acceptor. Moreover, all substituted ureas tested reduce the viscosity of the supramolecular polymer solutions, but the best chain stopper is obtained when two hydrogen bond acceptors are placed in the same relative position as for the monomer and when no hydrogen bond donor is present.