gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of frequency-dependent radiation pattern on UWB antenna performance (2004)

Energy gain is the time-domain analogy to traditional frequency-domain power gain and thus is very appropriate for the characterization of ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas. However, the effects of frequency-dependent antenna radiation patterns on UWB system performance can be obfuscated by consideration of the energy pattern only. Here using a combination of energy gain and fidelity patterns we demonstrate, for the first time, the interplay between pulse width, source impedance, and system performance for a representative, low-gain UWB antenna: a biconical dipole.
1C43 Preparation of a substrate with FRET-based sensor to visualize cell-material interaction (2014)

The Japan Soclety of Mechanlcal Englneers lC43
Tinted Sports Performance Lenses: “Will Everyone Please Play by the Rules?” (2006)

Division of Ophthalmology, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 Metro Health Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109-1998.
Transcriptional Analysis of the <i>sfa</i> Determinant Revealing Multiple mRNA Processing Events in the Biogenesis of S Fimbriae in Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

Among the virulence factors present in pathogenic extraintestinal Escherichia coli strains, expression of fimbrial adhesins is necessary for attachment to the host tissues and subsequent colonization. Occurrence of the sfa determinant coding for the S fimbriae is widespread among the uropathogens and meningitis isolates. The sfa operon consists of nine genes. In the biogenesis of S fimbriae, the proteins encoded by the sfa genes are presumably required in a specific stoichiometry. In the present work we studied how differential expression of the sfa operon genes occurs. Our findings indicate that a number of endoribonucleolytic cleavages occur in the mRNA from the sfa operon, and we detected the presence of different distinct transcriptional products, including sfaBA, sfaA, sfaADE, and sfaGSH. The sfaGSH transcript represents the three distal genes of the sfa operon, which code for the minor subunits of the S fimbriae. Analysis of the proteins in S fimbriae suggested that expression of the sfaGSH transcript provides equimolar amounts of the minor subunits. Furthermore, we showed that in the generation of the major sfaA transcript, the processing included RNase E endoribonuceolytic cleavage of the precursor sfaBA transcript. We suggest that posttranscriptional mRNA processing events result in differential gene expression important to achieve the stoichiometry necessary for fimbrial adhesin biogenesis.
Seed‐Assisted, One‐Pot Synthesis of Hollow Zeolite Beta without Using Organic Structure‐Directing Agents (2013)

Hollow aluminosilicate zeolite beta was successfully synthesized by adding CIT-6, that is, zincosilicate zeolite, which has the same topology as beta, as seeds to the Na-aluminosilicate gel without the need for organic structure-directing agents. One important factor in the successful organic structure-directing agent (OSDA)-free synthesis of hollow beta crystals is the solubility of the seed crystals in alkaline media. CIT-6 was less stable than aluminosilicate zeolite beta in alkaline media and the solubility changed depending on whether the crystals were calcined or not. The hollow beta could be obtained by using the uncalcined CIT-6 seed crystals. The volumes of intra-crystalline voids were tuned by changing the reaction time and the initial gel compositions, such as the SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/SiO2 ratios. We estimated that the intra-crystalline voids were formed through the dissolution of the seed crystals, just after the crystal growth of new beta on the outer surface of the seeds. In addition, new crystal growth toward inside of the void was also observed by TEM. On the basis of the characterization data, such as chemical analysis, N2-adsorption/desorption measurements, and TEM observation, a formation mechanism of the intra-crystalline voids is proposed and discussed.
Ultrasmall, Coating-Free, Pyramidal Platinum Nanoparticles for High Stability Fuel Cell Oxygen Reduction (2022)

Ultrasmall (<5 nm diameter) noble metal nanoparticles with a high fraction of {111} surface domains are of fundamental and practical interest as electrocatalysts, especially in fuel cells; the nanomaterial surface structure dictates its catalytic properties, including kinetics and stability. However, the synthesis of size-controlled, pure Pt-shaped nanocatalysts has remained a formidable chemical challenge. There is an urgent need for an industrially scalable method for their production. Here, a one-step approach is presented for the preparation of single-crystal pyramidal nanocatalysts with a high fraction of {111} surface domains and a diameter below 4 nm. This is achieved by harnessing the shape-directing effect of citrate molecules, together with the strict control of oxidative etching while avoiding polymers, surfactants, and organic solvents. These catalysts exhibit significantly enhanced durability while, providing equivalent current and power densities to highly optimized commercial Pt/C catalysts at the beginning of life (BOL). This is even the case when they are tested in full polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as opposed to rotating disk experiments that artificially enhance electrode kinetics and minimize degradation. This demonstrates that the {111} surface domains in pyramidal Pt nanoparticles (as opposed to spherical Pt nanoparticles) can improve aggregation/corrosion resistance in realistic fuel cell conditions, leading to a significant improvement in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) stability and lifetime.
Organic Photovoltaic Devices With Fine-Controlled Donor and Acceptor Composition Profiles (2008)

Organic vapor-phase deposition (OVPDÒ) is used for the preparation of molecular organic solar cells based on a mixed donor:acceptor absorber. The absorber layer consists of donor copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and the acceptor fullerene C60. The concept of using blend absorbers in organic photovoltaics is further developed by introducing donor:acceptor mixed layers with continuous concentration gradients of the constituent materials. Small area (~ 0.05…0.5 cm2) organic solar cell devices with gradient-composition CuPc:C60 absorbers show up to 30% higher efficiencies than their references with homogeneously mixed donor:acceptor layers. Large area (~21 cm2) monolithic photovoltaic mini-modules with the new gradient composition absorbers show about 10% higher efficiency as well as a homogeneous distribution of photovoltaic parameters of the component solar cells.
Simulation and System Design of a 3D Metrology Optical System Based on a Bidirectional OLED Microdisplay (2012)

Innovative display technologies enable a wide range of different system applications. specifically, in metrology, medical, and automotive applications microdisplays were increasingly used. In the last decades OLED microdisplays were in the focus of display development. A new class of OLED microdisplays with an integrated photodiode array is the latest development. The so-called bi-directional OLED microdisplays combine light-emitting devices (AM-OLED microdisplay) and photo sensitive detectors (photodiode matrix) on one single chip based on OLED-on-CMOS-technology. Currently this kind of display is still a prototype. Based on such a novel bidirectional OLED microdisplay, we present for the first time a system simulation and design of a 3D optical surface metrology system. The first step is the full characterization of the microdisplay. Depending on the characterization results the future system parameters are determined. Based on the characterization results and the application parameters the system design parameters are defined. The functionality of the system is simulated, and a theoretical proof of concept is presented. An example for our application on 3D optical surface metrology system is evaluated.
A molecular model for the tumour‐associated antigen, p97, suggests a Zn‐binding function (1992)

The primary structure of p97 (melanotransferrin) has been compared with other members of the transferrin superfamily. A molecular structure of p97 has been modelled based on the crystal structure of diferric rabbit serum transferrin. The most significant amino acid substitutions in p97 are almost exclusively limited to only two regions; the C-lobe iron-binding cleft and the interlobe contact region. The latter includes within the N-terminal lobe a Zn-binding consensus sequence found in metallopeptidases, and in the C-terminal lobe a glutamic acid residue (Glu-394) capable of completing a potential thermolysin-like Zn-binding site. Thus, p97 may have a Zn-binding potential, unique amongst the transferrin superfamily.
Ultra-long transmission performance evaluation of 43Gbit/s CSRZ-DPSK DWDM signal using 4,300km DMF line (2005)

More than 10,000 km transmission capability was confirmed with 43 Gbit/s CSRZ-DPSK and conventional DMF lines. But the polarization dependent effects never guaranteed the complete stability at 4,300 km where a Q-factor margin of 5 dB was obtained in the short-term evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: Wet Chemical Etch Solutions for AlxGa1‐xP. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Insulin dissociates by diverse mechanisms of coupled unfolding and unbinding (2020)

Abstract The protein hormone insulin exists in various oligomeric forms, and a key step in binding its cellular receptor is dissociation of the dimer. This dissociation process and its corresponding association process have come to serve as a paradigms of coupled (un)folding and (un)binding more generally. Despite its fundamental and practical importance, the mechanism of insulin dimer dissociation remains poorly understood. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations, leveraging recent developments in umbrella sampling, to characterize the energetic and structural features of dissociation in unprecedented detail. We find that the dissociation is inherently multipathway with limiting behaviors corresponding to conformational selection and induced fit, the two prototypical mechanisms of coupled folding and binding. Along one limiting path, the dissociation leads to detachment of the C-terminal segment of the insulin B chain from the protein core, a feature believed to be essential for receptor binding. We simulate IR spectroscopy experiments to aid in interpreting current experiments and identify sites where isotopic labeling can be most effective for distinguishing the contributions of the limiting mechanisms.
Residual Adapters for Parameter-Efficient ASR Adaptation to Atypical and\n Accented Speech (2021)

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are often optimized to work best\nfor speakers with canonical speech patterns. Unfortunately, these systems\nperform poorly when tested on atypical speech and heavily accented speech. It\nhas previously been shown that personalization through model fine-tuning\nsubstantially improves performance. However, maintaining such large models per\nspeaker is costly and difficult to scale. We show that by adding a relatively\nsmall number of extra parameters to the encoder layers via so-called residual\nadapter, we can achieve similar adaptation gains compared to model fine-tuning,\nwhile only updating a tiny fraction (less than 0.5%) of the model parameters.\nWe demonstrate this on two speech adaptation tasks (atypical and accented\nspeech) and for two state-of-the-art ASR architectures.\n
DIFFUSING VOID MODEL FOR GRANULAR FLOW (1992)

The gravitational flow pattern of granular media in a confined geometry is assumed to be caused by the upward motion of voids generated at the discharge orifices. The model describes some well known and unique features of granular flows such as the deformation of the free surface, the formation of dead zones, the flow around obstacles with its companion void regions and the formation of cascading zones. It also predicts an unexpected velocity profile in a flow expansion as well as the propagation of dilation waves whose scaling solutions are presented. These thin two-dimensional beds are also found to behave very differently from three-dimensional beds.
MRacing Formula SAE Improving Fuel Efficiency (2020)

ME450 Capstone Design and Manufacturing Experience: Fall 2020
The Staphylococcus aureus RNome and Its Commitment to Virulence (2011)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing a wide spectrum of nosocomial and community-associated infections with high morbidity and mortality. S. aureus generates a large number of virulence factors whose timing and expression levels are precisely tuned by regulatory proteins and RNAs. The aptitude of bacteria to use RNAs to rapidly modify gene expression, including virulence factors in response to stress or environmental changes, and to survive in a host is an evolving concept. Here, we focus on the recently inventoried S. aureus regulatory RNAs, with emphasis on those with identified functions, two of which are directly involved in pathogenicity.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Finafloxacin in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (2018)

ABSTRACT Finafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone with increased antibacterial activity at acidic pH and reduced susceptibility to several resistance mechanisms. A phase II study revealed a good efficacy/safety profile in patients with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs), while the pharmacokinetics was characterized by highly variable concentration-versus-time profiles, suggesting the need for an elaborated pharmacokinetic model. Data from three clinical trials were evaluated: 127 healthy volunteers were dosed orally ( n = 77) or intravenously ( n = 50), and 139 patients with cUTI received finafloxacin intravenously. Plasma (2,824 samples from volunteers and 414 samples from patients) and urine (496 samples from volunteers and 135 samples patients) concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). NONMEM was used to build a population pharmacokinetic model, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships were investigated via simulations and logistic regression. A two-compartment model with first-order elimination described the data best (central volume of distribution [ V c ] and peripheral volume of distribution [ V p ] of 47 liters [20%] and 43 liters [67%], respectively, and elimination clearance and intercompartmental clearance of 21 liters/h [54%] and 2.8 liters/h [57%], respectively [median bootstrap estimates {coefficients of variation}]). V c increased with body surface area, and clearance was reduced in patients (−29%). Oral absorption was described best by parallel first- and zero-order processes (bioavailability of 75%). No pharmacodynamic surrogate parameter of clinical/microbiological outcome could be identified, which depended exclusively on the MIC of the causative pathogens. Despite the interindividual variability, the present data set does not support covariate-based dose adjustments. Based on the favorable safety and efficacy data, the clinical relevance of the observed variability appears to be limited. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01928433.)
Cerebral ischemia/stroke and small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) conjugation – a new target for therapeutic intervention? (2008)

Transient cerebral ischemia/stroke activates various post-translational protein modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitin conjugation that are believed to play a major role in the pathological process triggered by an interruption of blood supply and culminating in cell death. A new system of post-translational protein modification has been identified, termed as small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation. Like ubiquitin, SUMO is conjugated to the lysine residue of target proteins in a complex process. This review summarizes observations from recent experiments focusing on the effect of cerebral ischemia on SUMO conjugation. Transient global and focal cerebral ischemia both induced a rapid, dramatic and long-lasting rise in levels of SUMO2/3 conjugation. After transient focal cerebral ischemia, SUMO conjugation was particularly prominent in neurons located at the border of the ischemic territory where SUMO-conjugated proteins translocated to the nucleus. Many SUMO conjugation target proteins are transcription factors and sumoylation has been shown to have a major impact on the activity, stability, and cellular localization of target proteins. The rise in levels of SUMO-conjugated proteins is therefore likely to have a major effect on the fate of post-ischemic neurons. The sumoylation process could provide an exciting new target for therapeutic intervention.
Fast delineation and visualization of vessels in 3-D angiographic images (2000)

A method is presented which aids the clinician in obtaining quantitative measures and a three-dimensional (3-D) representation of vessels from 3-D angiographic data with a minimum of user interaction. Based on two user defined starting points, an iterative procedure tracks the central vessel axis. During the tracking process, the minimum diameter and a surface rendering of the vessels are computed, allowing for interactive inspection of the vasculature. Applications of the method to CTA, contrast enhanced (CE)-MRA and phase contrast (PC)-MRA images of the abdomen are shown. In all applications, a long stretch of vessels with varying width is tracked, delineated, and visualized, in less than 10 s on a standard clinical workstation.
Nonpolar ${m}$ -Plane InGaN/GaN Micro-Scale Light-Emitting Diode With 1.5 GHz Modulation Bandwidth (2018)

We demonstrate a high-speed nonpolar m-plane InGaN/GaN micro-scale light-emitting diode (LED) with a record electrical -3 dB modulation bandwidth of 1.5 GHz at a current density of 1 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A differential carrier lifetime (DLT) of 200 ps at 1 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was extracted using a rate-equation model. The short DLT is attributed to the high electron-hole wave function overlap in polarization-free nonpolar InGaN/GaN quantum wells, which leads to a higher spontaneous emission rate at low current densities compared to polar c-plane quantum wells. LEDs with improved high-speed performance at low current densities will help to reduce power dissipation and increase efficiency in Gb/s visible-light communication systems.
Estimating the Mechanical Behavior of the Knee Joint During Crouch Gait: Implications for Real-Time Motor Control of Robotic Knee Orthoses (2016)

Individuals with cerebral palsy frequently exhibit crouch gait, a pathological walking pattern characterized by excessive knee flexion. Knowledge of the knee joint moment during crouch gait is necessary for the design and control of assistive devices used for treatment. Our goal was to 1) develop statistical models to estimate knee joint moment extrema and dynamic stiffness during crouch gait, and 2) use the models to estimate the instantaneous joint moment during weight-acceptance. We retrospectively computed knee moments from 10 children with crouch gait and used stepwise linear regression to develop statistical models describing the knee moment features. The models explained at least 90% of the response value variability: peak moment in early (99%) and late (90%) stance, and dynamic stiffness of weight-acceptance flexion (94%) and extension (98%). We estimated knee extensor moment profiles from the predicted dynamic stiffness and instantaneous knee angle. This approach captured the timing and shape of the computed moment (root-mean-squared error: 2.64 Nm); including the predicted early-stance peak moment as a correction factor improved model performance (root-mean-squared error: 1.37 Nm). Our strategy provides a practical, accurate method to estimate the knee moment during crouch gait, and could be used for real-time, adaptive control of robotic orthoses.
Membrane targeting and pore formation by the type III secretion system translocon (2010)

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a complex macromolecular machinery employed by a number of Gram-negative species to initiate infection. Toxins secreted through the system are synthesized in the bacterial cytoplasm and utilize the T3SS to pass through both bacterial membranes and the periplasm, thus being introduced directly into the eukaryotic cytoplasm. A key element of the T3SS of all bacterial pathogens is the translocon, which comprises a pore that is inserted into the membrane of the target cell, allowing toxin injection. Three macromolecular partners associate to form the translocon: two are hydrophobic and one is hydrophilic, and the latter also associates with the T3SS needle. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the biochemical and structural characterization of the proteins involved in translocon formation, as well as their participation in the modification of intracellular signalling pathways upon infection. Models of translocon assembly and regulation are also discussed.