gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isotropic radiation from an electrically small loop-loaded printed dipole (2009)

A loop-loaded dipole that combines the impedance and radiation characteristics of a small dipole and a small loop on a printed circuit board is proposed. Simulation shows a near-isotropic radiation pattern from a self-resonating 0.1λ antenna prototype with 3.8dB maximum gain deviation in the full space.
Solvent effect and catalysis in the synthesis of thiosemicarbazone derivatives from ketones and 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide (2014)

In this paper, we performed a series of experiments aiming at establishing the solvent effects in the condensation of 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide with 4-nitroacetophenone to form the expected thiosemicarbazone derivative, reaction &nbsp;which&nbsp; was chosen&nbsp; as pilot reaction, having in mind to set up optimal reaction conditions for the future elaboration of a compound library of thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Methanol was found to be a suitable solvent for this purpose. As a general rule, acid catalysis was found to perform better than base catalysis. General acid-base catalysis performed also in a quite satisfactory manner and in this connection, among the catalytic systems, anilinium chloride performed optimally allowing the reaction to go to completion at room temperature in excellent yield within 24 h at room temperature.&nbsp; A series of six bench mark molecules of increasing steric effect were synthesized in fair to good yields using this method. &nbsp; Key words: Thiosemicarbazone, thiosemicarbazide, solvent effect, acid-base catalysis, alpha-effect, nucleophilic catalysis, anilinium catalysis.
Recent advances in understanding endocrine disruptors: DDT and related compounds (2020)

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are environmental contaminants that modulate estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone receptor signaling and it has been hypothesized that human exposures to EDCs induce multiple adverse health effects. Some of these responses include male and female reproductive tract problems, obesity, and neurological/neurobehavior deficits. Extensive laboratory animal and some human studies support the EDC hypothesis. However, there is a debate among scientists and regulators regarding the adverse human health impacts of EDCs and this review highlights and gives examples of some of the concerns.
Direct integration of single-walled carbon nanotubes with silicon (2004)

We have used ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV STM) to study single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) supported by a hydrogen-terminated Si(100)-2/spl times/1 surface. Two distinct methods were used in the deposition of SWNTs. The first is an ex situ solution-based scheme, while the second involves direct mechanical transfer in situ. The UHV-prepared Si(100)-2/spl times/1:H surface is highly robust to ambient exposure, resulting in minimal surface degradation associated with ex situ chemical processing. We have achieved simultaneous atomic resolution STM images of SWNTs and the nearby silicon substrate. Local electronic characterization was performed using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). I-V spectra depict a shift in the Fermi energy of semiconducting SWNTs towards the valence band edge, consistent with charge transfer between the nanotube and the silicon substrate. A metallic SWNT shows an approximately linear I-V response at low bias, while the surrounding Si(100)-2/spl times/1:H substrate shows a /spl sim/1.3 eV gap. An advanced understanding of the fundamental physical and electronic interactions between carbon nanotubes and silicon will further the development of hybrid nanoscale devices and circuits.
Absence of the <i>rotator</i> phase and evolution of dynamical motions in cluster monolayers (2003)

Alkyl chain dynamics in monolayer protected metal cluster systems has been studied by the quasielastic neutron scattering technique, using two different instruments having very different energy windows. Long chain thiolate protected clusters such as Au–ODT (Au–SC18H37) are rotationally frozen at room temperature (RT) in a wide time scale of 10−9 to 10−12 s. The rotator phase is absent at RT even in much smaller chain length systems, Au–OT (Au–SC8H17) and Au–HT (Au–SC6H13). Dynamics was found to evolve upon increase in temperature. Alkyl chains in a metal cluster superlattice such as Ag–ODT (Ag–SC18H37) are also dynamically frozen at RT in the whole time scale range. Evolution of dynamics with temperature is found to be different in the superlattice and isolated cluster systems. In the former, the chains participating in the inter-cluster interaction were found to be dynamically different from those without. On heating just above the chain melting temperature (Tcm), chains not involved in the inter-cluster interaction become dynamic first. Other chains start softening subsequently and, on increasing temperature near to the superlattice melting, all the chains eventually become dynamic. The uniaxial diffusion motion about the chain axis consistently described the dynamics of the monolayers, both in isolated cluster and in superlattice systems. Direct information on the dynamics of cluster monolayers is obtained for the first time.
Actionable coalterations in breast tumors with pathogenic mutations in the homologous recombination DNA damage repair pathway. (2019)

3132 Background: Homologous recombination (HR) deficient breast tumors may have genomic alterations that suggest responsiveness to targeted therapies other than PARP inhibitors. Methods: Comprehensive molecular profiles of 4,647 breast tumors performed at Caris Life Sciences using 592-gene NGS (average read depth 500X) were reviewed to identify somatic pathogenic mutations in HR genes ARID1A, ATM, ATRX, BAP1, BLM, BRCA1/2, BRIP1, CHEK1/2, FANCA/C/D2/E/F/G/L, KMT2D, MRE11, NBN, RAD50/51/51B &amp; PALB2, as well 41 markers associated with treatment response. Results: Overall, 17.9% of breast tumors have HR mutations (HR-MT, 831/4647). HR-MT is seen most in HER2– disease [hormone receptor (hr)+/HER2– (18.3%, n=2183), TNBC (18.2%, n=1568), hr–/HER2+ (12.9%, n=217)]. Mean TMB is higher for HR-MT tumors across subtypes (9.2 mut/Mb vs 7.6 WT, p=&lt;0.0001) &amp; independent of MS status. HR-MT hr–/HER2+ tumors are more likely to have PD-L1 overexpression (25% vs 13.1% hr–/HER2+ WT, p=0.10), whereas MSI is more prevalent in HR-MT HER2– (hr+/HER2– 2.3%, TNBC 1.4%, HER2+ 0%). Mutations in chromatin remodeling genes (*) are more common in HR-MT. Additional co-alterations are outlined in the Table. Conclusions: In breast cancer, HR-MT is associated with HER2– disease &amp; markers of response to immunotherapy. Clinical trials combining HRD targeted agents &amp; immunotherapy are underway &amp; could be enriched through comprehensive molecular profiling. Mutations were identified in both HR-MT &amp; HR WT tumors that suggest other targets for treatment. [Table: see text]
Comparison of Equilibrium Constants of Various Reactions Involved in Amines and Amino Acid Solvents for CO2 Absorption (2014)

The ionization constants and carbamate stability constants for post combustion CO2 capture solvents are in this work studied with the help of molecular modeling. These two equilibrium constants are very important in understanding the thermodynamics of any solvent for post combustion carbon capture. Temperature effects on these two equilibrium constants are also studied for pKa of a data set of 10 amines and 10 amino acids. Temperature dependency of carbamate stability constants of MEA and DEA along with experimental data is also presented.
The impact of bone health on endocrine treatment strategy in older adults with early-stage, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. (2010)

9058 Background: Little age-specific data guides management of bone health (BH) in patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer (BC). Furthermore, it is unclear how BH should modulate the decision between aromatase inhibitor (AI) and tamoxifen (TAM) therapy in this setting. The goal of the current study is to assess the impact of BH on the medical oncologists' (MO) or geriatricians' (G) recommendation for either TAM or AI in older adults with early stage, hormone-receptor (+) (HR+) BC, and to understand concomitant recommendations for management of BH. Methods: MOs (n=151) and Gs (n=158) responded to an on-line survey based on a hypothetical 75 yo female with T1N0, ER/PR(+), HER2(−) BC who had received lumpectomy/axillary lymph node dissection. Assuming concomitant treatment with Ca/Vit D and either normal bone density or osteopenia, practitioners were queried regarding choice of endocrine therapy (TAM, AI or no therapy), need for bisphosphonate (bis), and (assuming TAM as initial therapy) whether a change to AI would be considered. In another scenario assuming concomitant treatment with Ca/Vit D, osteoporosis, and 2 prior fractures, the same practitioners were queried regarding choice of endocrine therapy and management strategies for worsening osteoporosis while on AIs. Results: With declining BH (i.e., from normal to osteopenic to osteoporotic), MOs were less likely to recommend an AI and more likely to recommend TAM (p<0.0001 for both). In contrast, no consistent trend was observed amongst Gs, who recommended TAM more frequently in each scenario. For both normal BH and osteopenia, Gs were more likely than MOs to recommend adjunctive bis therapy (p<0.0001), and were less likely to suggest switching from TAM to an AI after 2-3 years of TAM therapy (p<0.01). In the setting of worsening osteoporosis, the majority of Gs (82%) and MOs (85%) recommended discontinuation of AI therapy and initiation of TAM. Conclusions: Variations in BH may alter the recommendation for TAM or AI therapy in the older adult with HR+, early stage BC. Differences in treatment approach were noted between MOs and Gs; further research is necessary to determine factors contributing to these differences. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech Novartis, Pfizer Abraxis BioScience, Amgen, Genentech, Pfizer, sanofi-aventis
Generalizing preference elicitation in combinatorial auctions (2003)

Combinatorial auctions where agents can bid on bundles of items are desirable because they allow the agents to express complementarity and substitutability between the items. However, expressing one's preferences can require bidding on all bundles. Selective incremental preference elicitation by the auctioneer was recently proposed to address this problem but the idea was not experimentally validated. This paper evaluates several approaches and finds that in many cases, automated elicitation is in fact beneficial: as the number of items for sale increases, the amount of information elicited is a small and diminishing fraction of the information collected in traditional "direct revelation mechanisms" where bidders reveal all their valuation information. In forward auctions, the benefit is slightly reduced by increasing the number of agents, while in reverse auctions the benefit increases with both agents and items. The exception is with rank-based elicitors, which limit themselves to eliciting the next-best bundle: these do not scale as the number of agents grows.A full-length version of this paper is on-line at: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sandholm/generalizing03.pdf
Status of Cryomodule Testing at CMTB for CW R (2019)

Cryo Module Test Bench (CMTB) is a facility to perform tests on European XFEL like superconducting accelerating modules. The 120 kW Inductive Output Tube (IOT) installed in the facility allows driving the eight superconducting cavities inside the module under test in a vector-sum or single cavity control fashion with average Continuous Wave (CW) gradients higher than 20 MV/m. The scope of these tests is to evaluate the feasibility of upgrading European XFEL to CW operation mode. Following the successful tests done on a prototype module XM-3 the initial performance results on the production module XM50 will be presented in this paper. Because of European XFEL requirements, XM50 is equipped with modified couplers that allow a variable Loaded Quality factor(QL) to values higher than 4x10⁷. A cost relevant open question is the maximum QL that can be reached while maintaining the system within the European XFEL field stability specifications of 0.01 % in amplitude and 0.01 deg in phase. Because of this, the LLRF system capability of rejecting microphonic and RF disturbances, as well as Lorentz Force Detuning (LFD) related effects in open and closed loop is of prime interest.
Wireless patch sensor for remote monitoring of heart rate, respiration, activity, and falls (2013)

Unobtrusive continuous monitoring of important vital signs and activity metrics has the potential to provide remote health monitoring, at-home screening, and rapid notification of critical events such as heart attacks, falls, or respiratory distress. This paper contains validation results of a wireless Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) patch sensor consisting of two electrocardiography (ECG) electrodes, a microcontroller, a tri-axial accelerometer, and a BLE transceiver. The sensor measures heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate, posture, steps, and falls and was evaluated on a total of 25 adult participants who performed breathing exercises, activities of daily living (ADLs), various stretches, stationary cycling, walking/running, and simulated falls. Compared to reference devices, the heart rate measurement had a mean absolute error (MAE) of less than 2 bpm, time-domain HRV measurements had an RMS error of less than 15 ms, respiratory rate had an MAE of 1.1 breaths per minute during metronome breathing, posture detection had an accuracy of over 95% in two of the three patch locations, steps were counted with an absolute error of less than 5%, and falls were detected with a sensitivity of 95.2% and specificity of 100%.
Current conduction in single-domain BiFeO<sub>3</sub>thin films (2014)

Recently, the semiconducting characteristics of BiFeO3 thin films such as the photovoltaic effect or diode characteristics have been extensively investigated. However, the current conduction mechanism has not been completely clarified yet. In this study, the current conduction mechanism of the ideal BFO thin film, which has a single domain without conduction domain walls, such as 71 and 109° domain walls, has been investigated. The current density–electric field (J–E) characteristics of 100- to 1000-nm-thick BFO thin films and their temperature dependence in the range of 100–260 K have been carefully investigated. From these thickness and temperature dependences of the J–E characteristics, it can be concluded that the most probable mechanism of current conduction in the single-domain BFO thin film is space-charge-limited current (SCLC) with a shallow trap.
- Nanoparticles and Polymer Nanocomposites (2012)

Polymers are used in innumerable applications and elds. However, it is common to modify the properties or upgrade the performance of polymer systems to satisfy specic processing or application requirements. Thus, additives are commonly used to modify polymer properties or upgrade the performance of polymer systems. The term “additive” is commonly used to identify a minor component of the polymer formulation, which modies the properties of the polymer (e.g., antioxidants, plasticizers, ¥ame retardants, processing aids, other polymers, colorants, UV absorbers, and extenders). On the other hand, a “ller” is a solid material or additive added to a polymer system to modify its mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, barrier, orCONTENTS10.1 Introduction ................................................................................................353 10.2 Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Different Nanollers .................. 35610.2.1 Metallic Nanoparticles .................................................................. 356 10.2.2 Nanoparticles Based on Metal Oxides and Derivatives ...........360 10.2.3 Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane ....................................... 362 10.2.4 Silicates ............................................................................................363 10.2.5 Biosource Nanoparticles ...............................................................366 10.2.6 Carbon Nanotubes ......................................................................... 367 10.2.7 Graphene ......................................................................................... 37210.2.7.1 Physical and Chemical Characteristics ........................ 372 10.2.7.2 Nanocomposite Characterization ................................. 376 10.2.7.3 Factors In¥uencing Performance .................................. 378 10.2.7.4 Nanocomposite Preparation Methods ......................... 379 10.2.7.5 Property Enhancements with Graphene ..................... 37910.3 Challenges in the Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites ...............384 References ............................................................................................................. 387¥ammability properties of the bulk material (Work et al. 2004). Usually, llers are used in larger proportions than additives. In some cases, the low cost of some additives is a major consideration for incorporating them in the formulation. Also, llers’ contribution to the properties of the system is mainly due to physical factors, while chemical factors play an important part in the role of additives. Fillers intended to improve the mechanical properties are known as “reinforcement” or “reinforcing llers.”
Sellmeier equations, group velocity dispersion, and thermo-optic dispersion formulas for CaLnAlO_4 (Ln = Y, Gd) laser host crystals (2017)

We studied the refractive index and dispersive properties of the tetragonal rare-earth calcium aluminates, CaLnAlO<sub>4</sub> (Ln=Gd or Y). Sellmeier equations were derived for the spectral range of 0.35-2.1 μm. The group velocity dispersion (GVD) in CaGdAlO<sub>4</sub> is positive at ∼1 μm, 95 fs<sup>2</sup>/mm and negative at ∼2 μm, -40 fs<sup>2</sup>/mm. The GVD values for CaYAlO<sub>4</sub> are similar. In addition, thermo-optic coefficients, dn/dT, and thermal coefficients of the optical path were determined for CaYAlO<sub>4</sub>. dn/dT is negative at ∼1 μm, dn<sub>o</sub>/dT=-7.8, and dn<sub>e</sub>/dT=-8.7×10<sup>-6</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>. Thermo-optic dispersion formulas were constructed. The obtained data are of key importance to the design of high-power mode-locked oscillators at ∼1 and ∼2 μm based on such laser hosts.
Global excess spontaneous emission factor including axial and transverse effects (1991)

The excess-spontaneous-emission factor (or excess-noise factor), first introduced by Peter-mann,1 quantifies the broadening of the linewidth of single-longitudinal-mode lasers and of the lasing spectrum of multimode lasers, caused by the nonorthogonal nature of the laser's transverse eigenmodes. The excess noise factor Kp can become sizable for lasers having a nonuniform gain medium in the transverse direction. The expression for Kp was previously derived1 for semiconductor lasers, wherein the transverse profile of the optical field is constant along the optical axis.
Effects of cyclocreatine in rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. (2000)

Cyclocreatine (CCr), a substrate analogue of creatine kinase (CK: EC 2.7.3.2.), exhibits anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. We examined the effects of CCr on the hepatocarcinogenesis of F344 rats caused by treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), partial hepatectomy (PH) or 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). The rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg of DEN per kg in 0.85% NaCl solution at four weeks of age. Two weeks later they were divided into two groups. One group was continuously fed a commercial powder diet containing 0.02% 2-AAF for 12 weeks and the other was continuously fed a commercial powder diet containing 1% CCr plus 0.02% 2-AAF for 12 weeks. A third group of rats as a control was given only a normal powder diet for 12 weeks. All the groups were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) at 3 weeks under avertin anesthesia. To elucidate the inhibitory effect of CCr on chemical induced hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined not only the distribution of glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) a marker used for tumorigenesis, but also the inhibition of the degree of apoptosis. The number (No./cm2) and area (mm2/cm2) of GST-P positive liver foci were significantly lower in the 2-AAF + CCr treated when compared to the group treated with 2-AAF only. Our data suggest that CCr inhibits the degrees of GST-P-positive cells and apoptosis and is active against hepatocarcinogenesis in rat models. This result points out the unique nature of an anticancer agent that inhibits progression of chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis of rats.
The Asymptotic Behavior of Grassmannian Codes (2012)

The iterated Johnson bound is the best known upper bound on the size of an error-correcting code in the Grassmannian <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> ). The iterated Schönheim bound is the best known lower bound on the size of a covering code in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> ). We prove that both bounds are asymptotically attained for fixed <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> and fixed radius, as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> approaches infinity. Our methods rely on results from the theory of quasi-random hypergraphs which are proved using probabilistic techniques. We also determine the asymptotics of the size of the best Grassmannian codes and covering codes when <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> and the radius are fixed, as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> approaches infinity.