gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of ZnO NPs via <i>Salvia hispanica</i>: Evaluation of Potential Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Mammalian Cell Viability, H1N1 Influenza Virus Inhibition and Photocatalytic Activities (2020)

Among different forms of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs with a very special bandgap of 3.37 eV and considerable binding energy of excitation (60 meV at room temperature), have been classified as high-tech nanoparticles. This study aimed to synthesize ZnO NPs using the extract from <i>Salvia hispanica</i> leaves. The synthesized nanoparticles were fully characterized and the photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue. Additionally, the potential <i>in vitro</i> biological activities of such ZnO NPs in terms of their antibacterial activity were determined, as well as their antioxidant (30 minutes), antiviral (48 hours) and mammalian cell viability properties (48 and 72 hours). This study is the first investigation into the synthesis of such green ZnO NPs mediated by this plant extract, in which both photocatalytic and biomedical properties were found to be promising. The IC50 values for the antibacterial activities were found to be around 17.4 <i>μ</i>g mL<sup>-1</sup> and 28.5 <i>μ</i>g mL<sup>-1</sup> for <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, respectively, and the antioxidant activity was comparable with the standard BHT. However, the H1N1 inhibition rate using the present green ZnO NPs was lower than oseltamivir (up to about 40% for ZnO NPs and above 90% for oseltamivir) which was expected since it is a drug, but was higher than many synthetic nanoparticles reported in the literature. In addition, the mammalian cell viability assay showed a higher than 80% cellular viability in the presence of 5, 10 and 20 <i>μ</i>g mL<sup>-1</sup> nanoparticles, and showed a higher than 50% cellular viability in the presence of 50 and 75 <i>μ</i>g mL<sup>-1</sup> nanoparticles. In this manner, this study showed that these green ZnO NPs should be studied for a wide range of medical applications.
Hypnotizability in Relation to the Ability to Learn Thermal Biofeedback (1980)

Abstract We investigated previous findings that hypnotizability was unrelated to the ability to learn to control skin temperature. Twenty-six subjects were given the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) and Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (SHSS:C), Form C. Hypnotizability scores were then correlated with temperature changes recorded during two different periods in three different thermal biofeedback sessions. The two different periods consisted of a no-feedback recording period and a feedback recording period following a habituation period. HIP and SHSS:C scores were significantly correlated, r (24)= .60, p < .001. However, none of the scores on either hypnotizability measure correlated significantly with any changes in temperature during any period of any thermal biofeedback session. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
A Molecule Having 13 Unpaired Electrons: Magnetic Property of a Gadolinium(III) Complex Coordinated with Six Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals (2022)

A gadolinium(III) complex coordinated with six nitronyl nitroxide radicals showed intriguing temperature-dependent changes in magnetic susceptibilities. The gadolinium(III) ion in the complex is pseudo-eight-coordinated by three singlet-ground-state diradical anion species based on nitronyl nitroxide radicals. The magnetic susceptibility (χpT) of the gadolinium(III) complex at 298 K, whose value corresponded to that of a system with 13 unpaired electrons (seven-spin system), decreased upon a lowering of the temperature to 11 K but increased upon a further lowering of the temperature. Finally, the χpT value at 2 K was found to be higher than that at room temperature. The temperature-dependent magnetic behavior could be explained by a structural change in the diradical anion ligand due to its flexibility.
Integrated Heterogeneous Silicon/III-V Mode-Locked-Laser Based Frequency Combs (2018)

Mode-locked laser diodes based on silicon photonics have the advantage of small size, low cost, and low power consumption thanks to semiconductor manufacturing technology. We will review the current state of the art in mode-locked laser diodes and present recent advancements in heterogeneously integrated devices.
Synthesis of steroidal cyclodimers from cholic acid; a molecular framework with potential for recognition and catalysis (1989)

Macrocycles (2a–f) were synthesized from cholic acid (1a) in up to 33% overall yield; the “cholaphane” framework on which they are based has substantial potential variability and should prove useful in biomimetic chemistry.
Author Correction: Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics (2021)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03473-8.
Bilingual Educational Tool for Breast Cancer Genetics (1999)

Abstract : The recognition and study of the BRCA genes associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer have led to the development of cancer genetics counseling as an important medical intervention. Knowledge about how to counsel and educate patients has lagged behind the molecular tools and insights on these genes. The deficits concern educational approaches to both patients and professionals. This project has attempted to remedy some of the gaps in knowledge and materials by developing a tool for cancer genetics education of patients in the setting of an individual or group education session. This tool, termed a counseling manual, was developed to establish a uniform and clear linear teaching strategy for patients which can be easily understood by individuals with a third grade or higher educational level. This tool is meant to enhance patient education about cancer genetics and thus, to aid the patient in decision-making. In addition, given the wide range of professionals that at present deliver this education, the objective of this tool is to make the content of this education session more uniform, and not subject to the specific background of the health care professional. The tool was developed both in English and Spanish, and an accompanying CD-ROM was developed in English. These tools are at present being utilized by several centers and are undergoing thorough evaluation by patients and professionals.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO <sub>2</sub> to CO by a Co‐N‐C Electrocatalyst and PEM Reactor at Ambient Conditions (2016)

Abstract Selective electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to CO was studied using a new electrocatalyst and a gas‐electrolysis cell utilized a polymer‐electrolyte‐membrane (PEM) reactor. A selective and active electrocatalyst was prepared by partial pyrolysis of electrocatalyst precursor of Co‐4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2’‐bipyridine (4,4’‐dmbpy) supported on Ketjenblack (KB). A heat‐treatment temperature of the Co‐4,4’‐dmbpy/KB significantly influenced on its electrocatalytic activity and 573∼673 K treatments were suitable for a selective CO 2 reduction. A high performance of CO formation (331 μmol h −1 cm −2 , 217 TOF(Co) h −1 ) at 20 mA cm −2 with 72 % faradic efficiency was performed by using the optimized Co‐4,4’‐dmbpy/KB electrocatalyst at –0.75 V (SHE) and 273 K. Electrochemical silent Co species in CV studies promoted electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to CO.
Towards a Fatality-Aware Benchmark of Probabilistic Reaction Prediction in Highly Interactive Driving Scenarios (2018)

In order to achieve safe and high-quality decision-making and motion planning, autonomous vehicles should be able to generate accurate probabilistic predictions for uncertain behavior of other road users. Moreover, reactive predictions are necessary in highly interactive driving scenarios to answer “what if I take this action in the future” for autonomous vehicles. Many recently proposed methods based on probabilistic graphical models (PGM), neural networks (NN) and inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) have great potential to solve the problem. However, there is no existing unified framework to homogenize the problem formulation, representation simplification, and evaluation metric for those methods. In this paper, we formulate a probabilistic reaction prediction problem, and reveal the relationship between reaction and situation prediction problems. We employ prototype trajectories with designated motion patterns other than “intention” to homogenize the representation so that probabilities corresponding to each trajectory generated by different methods can be evaluated. We also discuss the reasons why “intention” is not suitable to serve as a motion indicator in highly interactive scenarios. We propose to use Brier score as the baseline metric for evaluation. In order to reveal the fatality of the consequences when the predictions are adopted by decision-making and planning, we propose a fatality-aware metric, which is a weighted Brier score based on the criticality of the trajectory pairs of the interacting entities. Conservatism and non-defensiveness are defined from the weighted Brier score to indicate the consequences caused by inaccurate predictions. Modified methods based on PGM, NN and IRL are provided to generate probabilistic reaction predictions in an exemplar scenario of nudging from a highway ramp. The results are evaluated by the baseline and proposed metrics to construct a mini benchmark. Analysis on the properties of each method is also provided by comparing the baseline and proposed metric scores.
Adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer: how long is long enough? (2013)

Although women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer have low recurrence rates initially, they have a constant and unrelenting risk of relapse that extends up to 15 years despite the use of adjuvant therapy. Increasing evidence supports the use of extended endocrine therapy with either tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor (AI) after 5 years of initial adjuvant tamoxifen to reduce breast cancer recurrence and mortality. However, the optimal total duration of AI therapy, as well as the ideal timing of sequencing from tamoxifen to an AI, is still unclear. Potential strategies differ depending on a woman's menopausal status at the time of her initial diagnosis. Individual patient clinical factors and preferences can help with decision making until further data emerge on prolonged AI use and on potential biomarkers that can be used to tailor adjuvant endocrine treatment.
Standalone Balloon Dilation versus Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial (2013)

Balloon dilation is noninferior to FESS for symptom improvement and superior to FESS for postoperative debridements in patients with maxillary and anterior ethmoid disease. Balloon dilation is an effective treatment in patients with uncomplicated CRS who meet the criteria for medically necessary FESS.
An anchored experimental design and meta-analysis approach to address batch effects in large-scale metabolomics (2022)

Untargeted metabolomics studies are unbiased but identifying the same feature across studies is complicated by environmental variation, batch effects, and instrument variability. Ideally, several studies that assay the same set of metabolic features would be used to select recurring features to pursue for identification. Here, we developed an anchored experimental design. This generalizable approach enabled us to integrate three genetic studies consisting of 14 test strains of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> prior to the compound identification process<i>.</i> An anchor strain, PD1074, was included in every sample collection, resulting in a large set of biological replicates of a genetically identical strain that anchored each study. This enables us to estimate treatment effects within each batch and apply straightforward meta-analytic approaches to combine treatment effects across batches without the need for estimation of batch effects and complex normalization strategies. We collected 104 test samples for three genetic studies across six batches to produce five analytical datasets from two complementary technologies commonly used in untargeted metabolomics. Here, we use the model system <i>C. elegans</i> to demonstrate that an augmented design combined with experimental blocks and other metabolomic QC approaches can be used to anchor studies and enable comparisons of stable spectral features across time without the need for compound identification. This approach is generalizable to systems where the same genotype can be assayed in multiple environments and provides biologically relevant features for downstream compound identification efforts. All methods are included in the newest release of the publicly available SECIMTools based on the open-source Galaxy platform.
Performance of In-band Transmission of System Information in Massive\n MIMO Systems (2017)

We consider transmission of system information in massive MIMO. This\ninformation needs to be reliably delivered to inactive users in the cell\nwithout any channel state information at the base station. Downlink\ntransmission entails the use of downlink pilots and a special type of precoding\nthat aims to reduce the dimension of the downlink channel and the pilot\noverhead, which would otherwise scale with the number of base station antennas.\nWe consider a scenario in which the base station transmits over a small number\nof coherence intervals, providing little time/frequency diversity. The system\ninformation is transmitted with orthogonal space-time block codes to increase\nreliability and performance is measured using outage rates. Several different\ncodes are compared, both for spatially correlated and uncorrelated channels and\nfor varying amount of time/frequency diversity. We show that a massive MIMO\nbase station can outperform a single-antenna base station in all considered\nscenarios.\n
Among slow dwarfs and fast giants: A systematic design space exploration of KECCAK (2013)

The SHA-3 competition ended in late 2012 by announcing KECCAK as the winning algorithm. During the contest, several criteria were evaluated for hardware implementations, foremost the resource consumption, the throughput and the tradeoff between both criteria. Unfortunately, especially for lightweight and midrange implementations, a clear rationale for the design choices were missing most of the time. Therefore, in this paper a new methodology is proposed to evaluate such implementations using a new and systematic procedure. With this novel approach we show, that there are several different implementation styles to implement KECCAK with different tradeoffs. Furthermore, we substantiate the usefulness of the new methodology with several concrete and competitive implementations. These implementations are derived from our evaluation estimates and add several data points for midrange and lightweight designs to the current state of the art.
Communication Orale : "Membranes hybrides auto-organisées appliquées au transport sélectif d'espèces ioniques" (2006)

Présentation : M. BARBOIU
On Derivation of Most Probable Modes for Intra Prediction in Video Coding (2018)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard introduced 35 intra prediction modes in order to improve intra prediction performance. To signal mode of the current block to the decoder a list of three most probable modes (MPM) is derived based on the modes of the two neighboring blocks. Similarly, six MPMs are used in the recent Joint Exploration Model (JEM) to accommodate the increased number to 67 intra prediction modes. One method to achieve this is to use an extension of HEVC approach. The other one employs the modes of the five neighboring blocks, together with their derived modes and default modes, in an ordered MPM candidate list. Our contribution is to use case-based multiple candidate lists. For each defined case, the corresponding list is sorted based on the probability of each candidate. The index of a case is computed based on the defined status values. Experimental results show 0.22%, 0.19%, 0.18% BD rate savings for Y, U, and V components for all-intra configuration, respectively.
Abstract 1219: Defective catagen entry in EGFR deficient skin precedes cutaneous inflammation (2012)

Abstract Treatment of cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors causes perifollicular inflammation in the skin. Mouse models with EGFR deficiency predicted this folliculitis and revealed that abrogation of EGFR disrupts hair follicle cycling. We hypothesized that the defect in progression through catagen resulting from EGFR deficiency causes cutaneous inflammation. EGFR regulation of the hair cycle and inflammation was investigated using skin-targeted deletion of Egfr (Krt14-Cre+/Egfrfl/fl mice). Hair cycle stage was assessed using histological criteria, analysis of follicular apoptosis and the position of the dermal papillae. Dorsal hair follicles of control mice synchronously entered catagen at 17 d and progressed to telogen by 21 d. In contrast, Egfr mutant follicles asynchronously entered catagen, with some follicles beginning catagen at 18 d or later, and others remaining in anagen through 24 d. Mast cells were examined because follicular mast cell precursors can facilitate the transition into catagen after their maturation and degranulation. Failed catagen progression preceded an inflammatory response in the mutant skin, which was characterized by a 40% or more increase in mast cell numbers beginning at 21 d. Mast cells in mutant skin were more likely to be degranulated as well. Neutrophils and macrophages increased in mutant skin by 28 d, subsequent to the increase in mast cell numbers. Transcriptional profiling was performed at 17 d, the time of normal catagen onset, using follicular RNA obtained from laser capture microdissection to identify EGFR-regulated mediators of the inflammatory response. In silico analyses of these data identified increased expression of 12 immune function genes in mutant hair follicles including the mast cell proteases Chymase and Tryptase. Additionally, the class I major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules H2-Q9, H2-Q7 and H2-D1 and class II MHC molecules H2-Eb1, H2-Dmb1 and H2-Dmb1/2 were over-expressed in mutant hair follicles consistent with a role for adaptive immunity in cutaneous inflammation following asynchronous catagen. Thus, an aberrant catagen transition and upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes preceded folliculitis in Egfr mutant skin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1219. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1219
Observations and Modeling of the 27 February 2010 Tsunami in Chile (2011)

On February 27, 2010, a magnitude Mw = 8.8 earthquake occurred off the coast of Chile's Maule region causing substantial damage and loss of life. Ancestral tsunami knowledge from the 1960 event combined with education and evacuation exercises prompted most coastal residents to spontaneously evacuate after the earthquake. Many of the tsunami victims were tourists in coastal campgrounds. The international tsunami survey team (ITST) was deployed within days of the event and surveyed 800 km of coastline from Quintero to Mehuín and the Pacific Islands of Santa María, Mocha, Juan Fernández Archipelago, and Rapa Nui (Easter). The collected survey data include more than 400 tsunami flow depth, runup and coastal uplift measurements. The tsunami peaked with a localized runup of 29 m on a coastal bluff at Constitución. The observed runup distributions exhibit significant variations on local and regional scales.
Limits on the production of narrow<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math>resonances in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math>collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.96</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math> (2008)

We search for evidence of resonant top quark pair production in 955 ${\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ recorded with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. For fully reconstructed candidate $t\overline{t}$ events triggered on leptons with large transverse momentum and containing at least one identified $b$-quark jet, we compare the invariant mass spectrum of $t\overline{t}$ pairs to the expected superposition of standard model $t\overline{t}$, non-$t\overline{t}$ backgrounds, and a simple resonance model based on a sequential ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ boson. We establish upper limits for $\ensuremath{\sigma}(p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{Z}^{\ensuremath{'}})\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}Br({Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}t\overline{t})$ in the ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mass interval from $450\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ to $900\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. A topcolor leptophobic ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is ruled out below $720\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, and the cross section of any narrow ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-like state decaying to $t\overline{t}$ is found to be less than 0.64 pb at 95% C.L. for ${M}_{{Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ above $700\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$.
Competitive Nucleophilic Attack Chemistry Based on Undecenoic Acid: A New Chemical Route for Plant-Oil-Based Epoxies (2016)

Plant oil is one of the world’s most abundant renewable resources; however, its derived epoxies are low in thermal resistance and mechanical strength. In this work, a new chemical route referred to “competitive nucleophilic attack (CNA)” was discovered to achieve plant-oil-based epoxy with high thermal resistance and mechanical strength as well as many other unique properties comparable to those of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), one of the most popular petroleum-based epoxies. The CNA route was realized by using 10-undecenoic acid (UA), a plant-derived monomer, as a building block reacting with alicyclic oxirane chemicals, such as 4-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes (ECP), to achieve epoxy monomers with ether-bridged cycloaliphatic ring structure. A newly formed hydroxyl (NFH) is involved in the nucleophilic attack upon oxonium to compete with UA anion during the UA–ECP reaction. The resultant epoxy is UV-curable in a few seconds, possessing high tensile strength (∼48 MPa), high glass transition temperature (∼142 °C), high transparency (∼90%), as well as low viscosity (∼1.9 Pa s). These properties are superior to the plant-oil-based epoxies published and comparable to or better than commercial DGEBA. Structure analysis revealed that the ether-bridged cycloaliphatic ring structure via the CNA route played a key role in maximizing the network performance. With the CNA feature, chain structure can be further regulated via introducing a methyl group to hinder the NFH nucleophilic attack, achieving a conversion of epoxy resin from rigid to semiductile. This finding suggests that CNA strategy could be a new direction for the design of biobased epoxies using all possible chemicals with acid–alkene structures from various renewable resources rather than plant oils only.