gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Brain Endothelial CXCR2 is Inflammation-Inducible and Mediates CXCL5- and CXCL8-Triggered Paraendothelial Barrier Breakdown (2019)

Chemokines (C-X-C) motif ligand (CXCL) 5 and 8 are overexpressed in patients with multiple sclerosis, where CXCL5 serum levels were shown to correlate with blood-brain barrier dysfunction as evidenced by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we studied the potential role of CXCL5/CXCL8 receptor 2 (CXCR2) as a regulator of paraendothelial brain barrier function, using the well-characterized human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Low basal CXCR2 mRNA and protein expression levels in hCMEC/D3 were found to strongly increase under inflammatory conditions. Correspondingly, immunohistochemistry of brain biopsies from two patients with active multiple sclerosis revealed upregulation of endothelial CXCR2 compared to healthy control tissue. Recombinant CXCL5 or CXCL8 rapidly and transiently activated Akt/protein kinase B in hCMEC/D3. This was followed by a redistribution of tight junction-associated protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and by the formation of actin stress fibers. Functionally, these morphological changes corresponded to a decrease of paracellular barrier function, as measured by a real-time electrical impedance-sensing system. Importantly, preincubation with the selective CXCR2 antagonist SB332235 partially prevented chemokine-induced disturbance of both tight junction morphology and function. We conclude that human brain endothelial CXCR2 may contribute to blood-brain barrier disturbance under inflammatory conditions with increased CXCL5 and CXCL8 expression, where CXCR2 may also represent a novel pharmacological target for blood-brain barrier stabilization.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) mutation testing in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) (2006)

7177 Background: Somatic mutations in EGFR are associated with response to therapy and prolonged overall survival (OS) of NSCLC pts treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We began EGFR mutation screening in 2004 with a CLIA certified test. We determined the characteristics of pts tested, EGFR mutations identified, and analyzed response to therapy and OS. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all NSCLC pts referred for EGFR testing over 1 year. Samples underwent direct sequence analysis of EGFR exons 18–24. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine associations between mutation and pt characteristics. We used chi-square tests to assess differences in response to therapy by EGFR status and analyzed OS with Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, gender and stage. Results: We screened 269 NSCLC pts for EGFR mutations, including 188 (71%) with unresectable disease and 245 (91%) with adenocarcinoma. Mutations were identified in 62 (23%) pts. 15 samples (6%) yielded insufficient DNA for testing. Mutation was more likely in the 59 never-smokers compared to the 185 ever-smokers [odds ratio (OR) 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5–9.2]. Each added pack-year of smoking history lowered the odds of mutation by 5% (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.97). Mutation was more likely in the 12 Asians than in the 212 of all other races (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1–12.0). In multivariable analyses, pack-years of smoking remained predictive of mutation (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.99). Among 44 pts with unresectable disease undergoing subsequent TKI therapy, the 20 EGFR positive pts had an increased response rate (RR) compared to the 24 EGFR negative pts (60% v. 4%, p &lt; 0.0001). In 27 pts given subsequent chemotherapy, RR was 33% and did not differ by EGFR status. Median follow-up was 9.8 months (mo) (range 0.2–135.8 mo). Among pts with unresectable disease, median OS is estimated to be 22.7 mo in EGFR negative pts and is not reached in EGFR positive pts (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.80–0.63). Conclusions: Sequencing EGFR for somatic mutations is feasible in routine care of NSCLC pts. 23% of screened pts tested positive, and never smoking was the strongest predictor of mutation. Among patients with unresectable disease, EGFR mutation was associated with an increased RR to TKI therapy and OS. [Table: see text]
Current multi-loop control strategy for grid-connected inverter with LCL filter (2018)

A new multi current loop control strategy for LCL grid connected inverter is proposed. Repetitive PI double loop strategy which uses the feedback form of grid side current, utilizes PI control to improve the dynamic performance of the system, Then, repetitive control outer loop is used to achieve the high-performance control of the grid current, suppress voltage fluctuation and nonlinear load effect on the grid current and track the baseband signal without static error control. And the capacitor current feedback LCL inverter system aims at suppressing the high frequency resonance of LCL output filter; Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that LCL type grid connected inverter with this method has the advantages of high accuracy, good dynamic performance and strong anti-interference ability.
Non‐contrast enhanced simultaneous 3D whole‐heart bright‐blood pulmonary veins visualization and black‐blood quantification of atrial wall thickness (2018)

The proposed motion-corrected MT-prepared BOOST sequence provides simultaneous non-contrast pulmonary vein depiction as well as black-blood visualization of atrial walls. The proposed sequence has a large spectrum of potential clinical applications and further validation in patients is warranted.
Development of Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-Based A3 Receptor Ligands: Closing the Gaps in the Structure–Affinity Relationships (2022)

The adenosine A<sub>3</sub> receptor is a promising target for treating and diagnosing inflammation and cancer. In this paper, a series of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-based nucleosides was synthesized and evaluated for their P1 receptor affinities in radioligand binding studies. The study focused on modifications at 1-, 2-, and 6-positions of the purine ring and variations of the 5'-position at the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane moiety, closing existing gaps in the structure-affinity relationships. The most potent derivative <b>30</b> displayed moderate A<sub>3</sub>AR affinity (K<i>i</i> of 0.38 μM) and high A<sub>3</sub>R selectivity. A subset of compounds varied at 5'-position was further evaluated in functional P2Y<sub>1</sub>R assays, displaying no off-target activity.
Design of Talbot array illuminators for three-dimensional intensity distributions (2006)

The self-imaging phenomenon is investigated as the basis for designing diffractive optical elements to generate three-dimensional diffraction patterns. The phase-only diffractive element is related to the intensity distribution at a finite and discrete set of Fresnel diffraction planes by use of the matrix formalism of the fractional Talbot effect. This description provides a framework to determine the degrees of freedom which can be exploited for design. It also helps to identify inherent symmetries of periodic wavefronts, which limit the set of intensity patterns that can be implemented. A simulated annealing algorithm is used to exploit the design freedom. Our discussion includes an example to illustrate observations.
Fracture Repair: Challenges and Opportunities (2008)

Corresponding author: Cato T. Laurencin, MD, PhD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 400 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Suite 330, Charlottesville, VA 22903. E-mail address: [email protected]
High Serum Bilirubin Is Associated with the Reduced Risk of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy (2010)

Several studies have suggested a potential effect of serum bilirubin as an antioxidant and cytoprotectant factor. For the results presented here, we evaluated the correlation between serum bilirubin and diabetes mellitus (DM) or chronic kidney disease originated from DM (DMCKD) in a Korean population. We used a cross-sectional, population-based design to examine 93,909 subjects (aged 18-96 years, 53.0% male). The trend of P values in the odds ratios for being DM and DMCKD was calculated using patients separated into five groups based on individual serum bilirubin concentrations. The prevalence of DM and DMCKD was 6.7% and 0.8%, respectively. Higher serum bilirubin levels were significantly associated with decreased prevalence of DM in both men (P trend < 0.001) and women (P trend = 0.014). The risk of DMCKD also decreased as bilirubin levels increased in women (P trend = 0.011), but not in men (P trend = 0.467). Serum bilirubin level was inversely related to insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), serum insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in multiple linear regression analyses. The regression coefficients (B) of log-HOMA-IR, log-insulin, and log-CRP were as follows: -0.09, -0.13, and -0.60 in men; -0.07, -0.09, and -0.50 in women, respectively. All the regressions were statistically significant (P < 0.001). These results indicate that serum bilirubin might have some protective function against DM and DMCKD, although the association between high serum bilirubin and decreased prevalence of DMCKD is observed only in women.
Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in a real-world cohort of patients with known or suspected chronic liver disease using 2D-shear wave elastography (2020)

LSM by 2D-SWE is an excellent method to differentiate between patients with advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 3) and patients with no or mild fibrosis (F ≤ 2). We were able to show this also in a subgroup of patients with NAFLD.
High acuity vision corrected for chromatic and monochromatic aberrations is associated with color discrimination without red-green or blue-yellow sensations (2019)

From the earliest measurements of contrast sensitivity for chromatic gratings, it has been reported that isoluminant red-green gratings appear achromatic at high spatial frequencies. To better understand this phenomenon, we used a forced-choice paradigm to measure contrast sensitivity functions for red-green and S-cone isolating sinusoidal chromatic gratings. For all red-green grating experiments, monochromatic aberrations were compensated via adaptive optics. Longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberration were compensated by a specialized Badal system and a Vernier alignment task, respectively. We measured responses to red-green gratings under two conditions. In the first condition, which is comparable to the measurement of conventional chromatic contrast sensitivity, we measured contrast thresholds for detecting the grating pattern from uniform-field distractor targets. In the second condition, for a series of spatial frequencies, subjects were required to pick out a red-green grating from isochromatic grating distractors. Subjects were able to detect red-green gratings with a much higher spatial frequency cut-off (>30 c/deg) than for S-cone isolating gratings. Subjects were able to discriminate colored from isochromatic gratings with a high spatial frequency cutoff of only 10–12 c/deg, which was more similar to that found for S-cone gratings. Thus, subjects were able to detect changing red-green wavelength content at high spatial frequencies without perceiving hue sensations. The results are consistent with the unconventional hypothesis that achromatic and hue sensations are separated at the level of two subpopulations of midget ganglion cells, one serving high acuity black-white vision and a second more sparse mosaic serving hue perception at a lower spatial resolution.
Progress in Structure Based Drug Design for G Protein-Coupled Receptors (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTProgress in Structure Based Drug Design for G Protein-Coupled ReceptorsMiles Congreve*, Christopher J. Langmead, Jonathan S. Mason, and Fiona H. MarshallView Author Information Heptares Therapeutics Limited, BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, AL7 3AX, U.K.Phone: +44 (0)1707 358628. Fax: +44 (0)1707 358640. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2011, 54, 13, 4283–4311Publication Date (Web):May 26, 2011Publication History Received30 March 2011Published online15 June 2011Published inissue 14 July 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm200371qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm200371qreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissions This publication is Open Access under the license indicated. Learn MoreArticle Views16838Altmetric-Citations185LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (11 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Agonists,Ligands,Peptides and proteins,Receptors,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Development of a Low CTE chip scale package (2013)

This paper describes the development of a low CTE organic Chip Scale Package (CSP) jointly by KST and IBM. Tests carried out on the low CTE laminate material and subsequently on the related CSP are described. The new material set, identified as Advanced SLC Package, combines low CTE core and build-up dielectric materials to achieve a composite laminate CTE of 9-12 ppm/°C, which is intermediate between the CTEs of silicon device and conventional board. The lower composite CTE reduces the dimensional mismatch between chip and laminate during Bond and Assembly (BA) to mitigate Chip-Package Interactions (CPI) and white bumps. The low CTE significantly reduces the strain in the solder joints during the reflow process and ensures the solder joint reliability. Global and chip-site warp data from thermo-mechanical modeling are compared to the measured warp data. In addition, other mechanical risk factors for a CSP during BA and reliability stress conditions are evaluated.
A Study of Carbonate Formation Kinetics and Morphological Effects Observed on OH<sup>-</sup>Form of Pfaem When Exposed to Air Containing CO<sub>2</sub> (2017)

For AEMFC, OH- form of membrane reacts with CO2 when exposed to air leading to loss in conductivity. Very few attempts have been made to understand the reaction kinetics, morphological properties and equilibrium concentrations at different environmental conditions. We have attempted to study the CO2 kinetics and its effect on water-uptake (or lambda) and morphology(SAXS) when the OH- form of membrane is exposed to air which has approx. 400 ppm of CO2. The kinetics was studied by exposing the membrane to controlled environment and titrating it using Warder and Winkler titration methods. From transient SAXS analysis we observe the intensity of ionomer feature of membrane spectrum dropping over time. Also the d-spacing at equilibrium is lower than the initial value. Ultimately we want to understand the effect of CO2 on membrane from every aspect and possibly help us think about strategies to mitigate the problem.
A comparison of some clinical and endocrinological features between cycles with normal and defective luteal phases in women with unexplained infertility (1990)

The luteal phase in a group of women (n = 49) with unexplained infertility was evaluated by improved methods, including the use of the LH surge for precise timing of measurements, quantitative techniques for histological dating of endometrial biopsy and determination of the integrated progesterone concentration in the luteal phase. Overall, 10 out of 49 (20%) women were considered to have a retarded endometrium. The prevalence of retarded endometrium in women with primary infertility (10/37, 27%) was found to be significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than in women with secondary infertility (0/12, 0%). Women with retarded endometrial development had a significantly (P less than 0.01) lower integrated P concentration than those with normal endometrial development; however, of the 10 cases with retarded endometrium, only four were associated with an integrated P concentration below the normal range, whereas the remaining six were associated with an integrated P concentration within the normal reference range, suggesting that an abnormal response of the endometrium is a likely cause of abnormality in these latter cases. There was no difference in age, duration of infertility, follicular phase length, magnitude of the oestrogen surge, magnitude of the LH surge, maximum follicular diameter and luteal phase length between women with a normal or defective luteal phase, defined either by endometrial morphology or integrated progesterone concentration.
Operation of the high brightness LINAC for the Advanced Free-Electron Laser Initiative at Los Alamos (2002)

Free-electron lasers and high-energy physics accelerators have increased the demand for very high-brightness beam sources. This paper describes the design of an accelerator which has produce beams of 2.1 /spl pi/ mm-mrad at 1 nC and emittances of 3.7 and 6.5 /spl pi/ mm-mrad for 2 and 3 nC, respectively. The accelerator has been operated between 10 and 18 MeV. The beam emittance growth in the accelerator is minimized by using a photoinjector electron source integrated into the design of the linac, a focusing solenoid to correct the emittance growth caused by space charge, and a special design of the coupling slots between accelerator cavities to minimize quadrupole effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
LiFT (2020)

Many internet applications are powered by machine learned models, which are usually trained on labeled datasets obtained through user feedback signals or human judgments. Since societal biases may be present in the generation of such datasets, it is possible for the trained models to be biased, thereby resulting in potential discrimination and harms for disadvantaged groups. Motivated by the need to understand and address algorithmic bias in web-scale ML systems and the limitations of existing fairness toolkits, we present the LinkedIn Fairness Toolkit (LiFT), a framework for scalable computation of fairness metrics as part of large ML systems. We highlight the key requirements in deployed settings, and present the design of our fairness measurement system. We discuss the challenges encountered in incorporating fairness tools in practice and the lessons learned during deployment at LinkedIn. Finally, we provide open problems based on practical experience.
Crystal structure and substrate‐binding mode of cellulase 12A from <i>Thermotoga maritima</i> (2010)

Cellulases have been used in many applications to treat various carbohydrate-containing materials. Thermotoga maritima cellulase 12A (TmCel12A) belongs to the GH12 family of glycoside hydrolases. It is a β-1,4-endoglucanase that degrades cellulose molecules into smaller fragments, facilitating further utilization of the carbohydrate. Because of its hyperthermophilic nature, the enzyme is especially suitable for industrial applications. Here the crystal structure of TmCel12A was determined by using an active-site mutant E134C and its mercury-containing derivatives. It adopts a β-jellyroll protein fold typical of the GH12-family enzymes, with two curved β-sheets A and B and a central active-site cleft. Structural comparison with other GH12 enzymes shows significant differences, as found in two longer and highly twisted β-strands B8 and B9 and several loops. A unique Loop A3-B3 that contains Arg60 and Tyr61 stabilizes the substrate by hydrogen bonding and stacking, as observed in the complex crystals with cellotetraose and cellobiose. The high-resolution structures allow clear elucidation of the network of interactions between the enzyme and its substrate. The sugar residues bound to the enzyme appear to be more ordered in the -2 and -1 subsites than in the +1, +2 and -3 subsites. In the E134C crystals the bound -1 sugar at the cleavage site consistently show the α-anomeric configuration, implicating an intermediate-like structure.
Chronoamperometric Evaluation of Sensitization of SUS 316 Stainless Steel (1998)

The extent of sensitization of austenitic stainless steel, SUS316, was evaluated by both conventional cyclic voltammetry and potential step chronoamperometry (PSCA). The test solution used for the test was 0.511" 3 284 -0.0111" 3 potassium thiocyanate solution. First, the ratio of peak currents in cathodic and anodic scanning (reactivation ratio) using the Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation method (EPR) based on conventional cyclic voltammetry was measured. Second, the modification reactivation ratio by PSCA was measured and both data were compared and discussed to determine the extent of sensitization. The modified reactivation ratio had a better correlation with sensitization time than the conventional reactivation ratio. However, the correlation ratio was not so high as a whole for SUS316. The reason for this could be attributable to the complication involved in the anodic reaction.
Automatic Seed Hydration Analysis System: Design and Evaluation (2013)

<abstract> <bold><sc>Abstract.</sc></bold> Understanding the hydration characteristics of different cereals and legumes is important for gaining insights into their processability and for determining seed dormancy. Hydration kinetics can also provide valuable information on the hydration rate and extent of volume and weight uptake. In this study, a seed hydration analysis system was developed for application in research and industry, where there is a need to understand hydration rates of seeds. The system is able to simultaneously soak seeds and measure their volume, weight, and density. The system also records and presents data in real time using a computer. The system was successfully evaluated to measure volume and weight with 97.87% and 99.08% accuracy, respectively. Examples of the scope of the hydration analysis system are also presented.
Ferredoxin from Two Thermophilic Clostridia (1969)

Ferredoxin from thermophilic and mesophilic Clostridia, noting difference in heat stability due to iron and sulfide environments
[Influence and mechanism of calcium-based desulfurizer on NO conversion in fluidized bed of coal]. (2003)

On the experimental table of fluidized bed which scale was phi 150 mm x 1000 mm and temperature interval was from 840 degrees C to 960 degrees C, the influence of desulfurizer variety, particle size and molar ratios Ca/S on nitrogen conversion to NO were studied. This paper elaborated on the mechanism of calcium-based desulfurizer lead to the increase of NO conversion rate. Experiment presented that given identical quantities, burnt calcium had maximum NO conversion rate, then limestone, calcite last. Nitrogen conversion to NO increased with increasing molar ratios Ca/S. When the particle size was between 1-2 mm, the NO conversion rate was the maximum, second was 2-3 mm, the last 0.2-1 mm. HCl, HF, SO2 decreased with calcium addition. At the same time H, OH, HO2 radicals increased. The CO oxidation was favored, the reaction of monoxide and NO catalyzed by char, sand, ash will weaken, therefore NO content will increase.