gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanocrystal Surface Structure Analysis by Analytical Ultracentrifugation (2003)

Sedimentation velocity experiments on two TiO2 model colloids with similar properties but different surface structures were performed as a function of the solution pH in order to differentiate between similar size particles. The particle sedimentation velocity is highly sensitive to the surface structure, which is indicative of the exposed crystal face of the nanocrystals. Increase of the pH from 1 to 3 resulted in aggregation of all particles in one sample, whereas only partial aggregation occurred for the other, although the ζ-potential of both samples is almost identical in that pH range indicating particle stability. Although the particles are not distinguishable by the conventional methods for particle charge determination, they are clearly different in terms of their sedimentation coefficient distributions. Furthermore, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) reveals a dependence of the onset of large aggregate formation on the particle surface. This suggests that AUC has the potential to quantitatively determine differences in the particle surface structure even for polydisperse samples with constant average charge where conventional ζ-potential measurements yield only a constant average value. As ultracentrifugation yields distributions, we further discuss whether a combination with a second independent method like flow-field-flow fractionation can yield particle size and charge distributions in a global analysis approach.
Apoptosis in Kidneys of Endothelin-1 Transgenic Mice (1998)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) transgenic mice are characterized by age-dependent development of renal cysts and renal fibrosis (interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis), leading to a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate. The mechanism causing the loss of functionally and morphologically normal renal tissue is unknown. An imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis in the kidneys of ET-1 transgenic mice might contribute to this process. We identified apoptotic cells in kidney sections by in situ end-labeling and by the typical nuclear chromatin morphology after propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cell proliferation was measured by estimating the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells. The numbers of apoptotic cells were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the kidneys of 14-month-old ET-1 transgenic mice, whereas cell proliferation was not enhanced. Apoptotic cells were detected in the glomeruli, tubular cells, and renal interstitial cells in ET-1 transgenic mice. In conclusion, apoptotic loss of functional renal tissue appears to be associated with the progression of cyst formation and renal fibrosis. Therefore, an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis could be an important cellular mechanism in ET-1 transgenic mice leading to end-stage kidney disease.
Neural Correspondence Field for Object Pose Estimation (2022)

We propose a method for estimating the 6DoF pose of a rigid object with an available 3D model from a single RGB image. Unlike classical correspondence-based methods which predict 3D object coordinates at pixels of the input image, the proposed method predicts 3D object coordinates at 3D query points sampled in the camera frustum. The move from pixels to 3D points, which is inspired by recent PIFu-style methods for 3D reconstruction, enables reasoning about the whole object, including its (self-)occluded parts. For a 3D query point associated with a pixel-aligned image feature, we train a fully-connected neural network to predict: (i) the corresponding 3D object coordinates, and (ii) the signed distance to the object surface, with the first defined only for query points in the surface vicinity. We call the mapping realized by this network as Neural Correspondence Field. The object pose is then robustly estimated from the predicted 3D-3D correspondences by the Kabsch-RANSAC algorithm. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results on three BOP datasets and is shown superior especially in challenging cases with occlusion. The project website is at: linhuang17.github.io/NCF.
Metabolomic profiling of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections - Implications for pathophysiology and biomarker discovery (2017)

Significantly increased levels of sphingomyelins in BAV-A and TAV-Diss samples compared to controls may argue for a repression of sphingomyelinase activity and the sphingomyelinase-ceramide pathway, which may result in an inhibition of tissue regeneration; a potential basis for disease initiation and progression.
CURRENT TNM CLASSIFICATION OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA EVALUATED: REVISING STAGE T3a (2005)

: We suggest revising the current pT3a classification based on perirenal fat infiltration but rendering a modified pT1/pT2 classification, which resolves pT3a cases without the loss of prognostic validity. Perirenal fat infiltration should not be used to assign T category. Tumors directly infiltrating the adrenal gland should be reclassified as T4.
Formation of Protein Nanoparticles in Microdroplet Flow Reactors (2023)

Nanoparticles are increasingly being used for biological applications, such as drug delivery and gene transfection. Different biological and bioinspired building blocks have been used for generating such particles, including lipids and synthetic polymers. Proteins are an attractive class of material for such applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and self-assembly characteristics. Stable, controllable, and homogeneous formation of protein nanoparticles, which is key to successfully delivering cargo intracellularly, has been challenging to achieve using conventional methods. In order to address this issue, we employed droplet microfluidics and utilized the characteristic of rapid and continuous mixing within microdroplets in order to produce highly monodisperse protein nanoparticles. We exploit the naturally occurring vortex flows within microdroplets to prevent nanoparticle aggregation following nucleation, resulting in systematic control over the particle size and monodispersity. Through combination of simulation and experiment, we find that the internal vortex velocity within microdroplets determines the uniformity of the protein nanoparticles, and by varying parameters such as protein concentration and flow rates, we are able to finely tune nanoparticle dimensional properties. Finally, we show that our nanoparticles are highly biocompatible with HEK-293 cells, and through confocal microscopy, we determine that the nanoparticles fully enter into the cell with almost all cells containing them. Due to the high throughput of the method of production and the level of control afforded, we believe that the approach described in this study for generating monodisperse protein-based nanoparticles has the potential for intracellular drug delivery or for gene transfection in the future.
Si Nanocolumns as Novel Nanostructured Supports for Enzyme Immobilization (2003)

Silicon nanocolumns have been used as novel supports for the high-density immobilization of enzymes. Silicon nanocolumns with diameters of ca. 50-100 nm and a height of 1 micron were constructed using glancing angle deposition. The surfaces were successively treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and then with an amine reactive polymer, poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride), to attach soybean peroxidase (SBP) to the support. Optimal coverage of APTES, polymer, and SBP was obtained for incorporation of enzyme onto the sidewalls of the nanocolumns. SBP immobilized on the silicon nanocolumns demonstrated an enhancement in biocatalytic activity of 160% over that of the enzyme immobilized on flat silicon wafers with the same projected area. The enzymatic activity decreased with progressive washes for both supports. This decrease in the activity of enzyme was found to be primarily due to the intrinsic deactivation of immobilized enzyme on the silicon surface. Designing nanocolumns with optimal dimensions, spacing, and surface chemistry may lead to the development of high-density arrays of proteins for applications in biotechnology.
Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation (2021)

Abstract Focal application of a relatively strong permanent magnet over the human cortex induces neurophysiological and behavioral effects. This discovery led to the inclusion of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) into the family of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques. Similarly to all NIBS techniques, we are far from understanding the exact mechanisms by which tSMS produces its effects, but converging evidence suggests that modulation of ionic interchange across the membrane may be responsible for its physiological effects at the cellular level. Promising results have been reported on the treatment effects of tSMS in Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The safety, simplicity, portability, and low cost of tSMS make it particularly appealing for shifting the NIBS therapeutic paradigm from clinic-based to home-based treatments.
Bullvaleno‐kronenether – Kronenether mit variablen Ringgrößen (1983)

Abstract Es werden Synthesen und Eigenschaften der Bullvaleno‐kronenether 1a – e beschrieben. Die Analyse der temperaturabhängigen 1 H‐NMR‐Spektren beweist, daß sich die Ringgröße dieser Verbindungen thermisch leicht innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen verändert. Die relativ kleinen Assoziationskonstanten zeigen nur eine schwache „Gast‐Wirt”︁‐Wechselwirkung zwischen 1a – e und Alkali‐ und Ammoniumpikraten sowie tert ‐Butylammoniumrhodanid an. Die Stöchiometrie der Komplexe und bevorzugte Positionsisomere der Liganden in den Komplexen werden für Alkali‐ und Ammoniumpikrate angegeben. Die mögliche Adaption der „atmenden”︁ Kronenether an Kationen verschiedener Größe wird nicht beobachtet.
Transient gene expression using valproic acid in combination with co‐transfection of SV40 large T antigen and human p21 <sup>CIP</sup> /p27 <sup>KIP</sup> (2019)

Transient gene expression (TGE) in HEK293 cells was optimized by Vink et al. by co-expression of human cell cycle inhibitors p21<sup>CIP</sup> /p27<sup>KIP</sup> and Simian virus 40 large T antigen (SVLT). In this study, we investigated the effect of this enhancer protein complex on the TGE experiments in a cell-cycle arrested condition of HEK293F cells induced by valproic acid. Growth profiles, consumptions of nutrients, formations of waste products, and product titers of recombinant human antibodies (huAb) were monitored during the 7-day cultivation time. Our results showed that the use of enhancer proteins increased the product yields in a growth arrest condition as well. During the growth phase, no differences were detected regarding viable cell densities (VCDs), viabilities, growth rates, and cell diameters between the TGE experiments with and without enhancer proteins. However, during the declining phase VCD and viability showed slightly higher values at day 6 and 7 in the presence of enhancers. Furthermore, we could not detect any differences in glucose and glutamine metabolism during batch cultivations with co-expression of enhancer proteins. Taken together, the special complex of enhancer proteins did not contribute to further enhancement of growth arrest and shift in the main cell metabolisms, but resulted in higher cell viability during the decline phase. Our observations suggest that the human cell cycle inhibitors p21<sup>CIP</sup> /p27<sup>KIP</sup> together with very low amount of SVLT antigen may induce alternative functional activities than growth arrest to further improve the yield of recombinant proteins.
O-16 A retrospective audit looking at the management of diabetic patients in their last days of life (2018)

<h3>Aim</h3> To review the current management of patients with diabetes in their last days of life. <h3>Background</h3> An estimated 25% of patients in palliative care settings have diabetes (or steroid induced diabetes) (Diabetes UK, 2018). The focus of care for these patients should be comfort; avoiding unnecessary blood sugar testing, preventing symptomatic high and low blood sugar levels, while keeping medication burden to a minimum. <h3>Method</h3> Audit of notes (16–23 January 2018) of patients who died with diabetes and were on the end of life care pathway. We reviewed if there had been discussion with the patient surrounding diabetic management, whether there was a review of diabetic medication and a review of blood sugar testing. We audited how often patients had their blood sugars checked in their last seventy-two and twenty-four hours of life and if there were any high (&gt;20) or low (&lt;4) blood sugar recordings. We also looked at when diabetic medications were stopped. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 21 patients were included. There was one (5%) documented discussion with the patient surrounding diabetic management at the end of life. There was one (5%) review of diabetic medication and four (19%) reviews of blood sugar testing. On average patients had their blood sugar checked five times in their last seventy-two hours of life (range 0–14) and twice in their last twenty-four hours (range 0–5). Hyperglycaemic episodes were recorded on two occasions and a hypoglycaemic episode was recorded once. Of those patients on oral agents (five) these were stopped between 48–120 hours before death. Of patients on insulin (four) all patients had injections in their last 24 hours of life. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with diabetes make up a significant proportion of palliative populations. We currently are not discussing with patients about how best to manage their diabetes, resulting in numerous blood sugars tests, high and low blood sugars and a significant medication burden.
Energy‐efficient multiple‐domain bidirectional scheme for G.hn applications (2015)

Summary This paper presents an energy‐efficient relaying scheme for G.hn standard. We propose a multi‐domain bidirectional communication network with network coding at the physical layer in order to increase network coverage. The logical link control stack was also modified and supplemented with additional functionality. This reduces the power consumption in the network and enhances the performance while reducing collisions for inter‐domain network access. We consider domain selection to minimize the total energy consumption of the network and present optimal power allocation for the given QoS of each end node. Energy efficiency is evaluated in terms of transmit energy per bit for relay networks with bidirectional symmetric and asymmetric traffic flows. Simulation results show that the proposed multi‐domain bidirectional communication provides improved performance and higher energy savings than the single‐domain unidirectional network, especially in powerline communication channel, which is the worst medium of the three G.hn media. Finally, it was demonstrated that improved energy efficiency can be achieved with appropriate domain selection. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Improving statistical speech recognition (2003)

A summary of the theory of the hybrid connectionist HMM (hidden Markov model) continuous speech recognition system is presented. Experimental results indicating that the connectionist methods can significantly improve the performance of a context-independent HMM system to a performance close to that of the state of the art context-dependent system of much higher complexity are given. Experimental results demonstrating that a state of the art context-dependent HMM system can be significantly improved by interpolating context-independent connectionist probability estimates are reported. The development of a principled network decomposition method that allows the efficient and parsimonious modeling of context-dependent phones with no independence assumptions, is reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An integrated airborne gravity survey of an offshore area near the northern Noto Peninsula, JapanFN1 (2010)

An airborne gravity survey using a helicopter was carried out in October 2008, offshore along the northern Noto Peninsula, to understand the shallow and regional underground structure. Eleven flight lines, including three tie lines, were arranged at 2 km spacing within 20 km of the coast. The total length of the flight lines was ~700 km. The Bouguer anomalies computed from the airborne gravimetry are consistent with those computed from land and shipborne gravimetry, which gradually decrease in the offshore direction. So, the accuracy of the airborne system is considered to be adequate. A local gravity low in Wajima Bay, which was already known from seafloor gravimetry, was also observed. This suggests that the airborne system has a structural resolution of ~2 km.Reduction of gravity data to a common datum was conducted by compiling the three kinds of gravity data, from airborne, shipborne, and land surveys. In the present study, we have used a solid angle numerical integration method and an iteration method. We finally calculated the gravity anomalies at 300 m above sea level. We needed to add corrections of 2–5 mGals in order to compile the airborne and shipborne gravity data smoothly, so the accuracy of the Bouguer anomaly map is considered to be nearly 2 mGal on the whole, and 5 mGals at worst in limited or local areas.
Inhibition of thyroidal iodine release by oestrogens in euthyroid subjects (1982)

Abstract. The effects of oestrogens on the release of thyroxine iodide (T 4 I) and non-T 4 I by the thyroid gland of 6 normal subjects and 3 thyrotrophin (TSH)-treated patients with hypopituitarism were assessed before, during and after treatment with 25 mg of Dienoestrol (Glaxo Lab.), orally, daily, during 8 days. Each subject received an iv injection of 150 μCi of 125 I followed 6 days later by an iv injection of 75 μCi of [ 131 I]T 4 . Blood samples and collections of urine were obtained every 12 h. From plasma and urinary (U) radioactivity, the ratio U[ 125 I]/ U[ 131 I], U[ 125 I]/PB[ 125 I] and U[ 131 I]/PB[ 131 I] were obtained and served to calculate thyroidal iodine release and non-T 4 I secretion by the thyroid gland. T 4 I secretion was equivalent to T 4 I disposal rate obtained by the semilogarithmic regression line of PB[ 131 I]. In normal subjects, oestrogens decreased T 4 I secretion from 491 ± 57 ( sd ) nmol/day to 451 ± 60 nmol ( P &lt; 0.025), while in the same subjects serum TSH increased with oestrogens from 3.3 ± 1.1 to 6.6 ± 2.1 mU/l ( P &lt; 0.01). The non-T 4 I secretion had a mean of 585 ± 307 nmol/day during control, 324 ± 199 nmol during oestrogens ( P &lt; 0.01) and 480 ± 286 nmol after oestrogens ( P &lt; 0.05 vs oestrogens). In the TSH-treated patients oestrogens induced non-significant reductions in T 4 I and non-T 4 I secretion, although total iodine secretion decreased significantly ( P &lt; 0.05). The data is consonant with a partial inhibition by oestrogens of thyroid gland release.
Three-Dimensional Rendering Of Medical Images: Surface And Volume Approach (1989)

We have compared the volume-based and the surface-based algorithms for 3D rendering of the human skull as applied to planning of craniofacial surgery. Both methods were applied to a selected sample of 12 CT studies exhibiting a variety of clinical problems. The number of slices ranged from 24 to 72 and the slice thickness from 1.5 to 6.2 mm. In general, volume renderings capture the anatomy in greater detail but are more prone to interpolation and thin bone artifacts. The surface based and the volume based techniques have complimentary roles in medical imaging. Surface extraction is needed in applications involving pattern recognition and fabrication of prostheses. Volumetric rendering excel in imaging multiple tissue and in handling diffuse edges.
Thermochemistry of Organic Reactions in Microporous Oxides by Atomistic Simulations: Benchmarking against Periodic B3LYP (2010)

The methylation of ethene by methyl chloride and methanol in the microporous materials SAPO-34 and SSZ-13 has been studied using different periodic atomistic modeling approaches based on density functional theory. The RPBE functional, which earlier has been used successfully in studies of surface reactions on metals, fails to yield a qualitatively correct description of the transition states under study. Employing B3LYP as functional gives results in line with experimental data: (1) Methanol is adsorbed more strongly than methyl chloride to the acid site. (2) The activation energies for the methylation of ethene are slightly lower for SSZ-13. Furthermore, the B3LYP activation energies are lower for methyl chloride than for methanol.
AXL/MERTK inhibitor ONO-7475 potently synergizes with venetoclax and overcomes venetoclax resistance to kill &lt;i&gt;FLT3&lt;/i&gt;-ITD acute myeloid leukemia (2021)

FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation is associated with poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The specific Anexelekto/MER Tyrosine Kinase (AXL) inhibitor, ONO-7475, kills FLT3-mutant AML cells with targets including Extracellular- signal Regulated Kinase (ERK) and Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 (MCL1). ERK and MCL1 are known resistance factors for Venetoclax (ABT-199), a popular drug for AML therapy, prompting the investigation of the efficacy of ONO-7475 in combination with ABT-199 in vitro and in vivo. ONO-7475 synergizes with ABT-199 to potently kill FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary cells. ONO-7475 is effective against ABT-199-resistant cells including cells that overexpress MCL1. Proteomic analyses revealed that ABT-199-resistant cells expressed elevated levels of pro-growth and anti-apoptotic proteins compared to parental cells, and that ONO-7475 reduced the expression of these proteins in both the parental and ABT-199-resistant cells. ONO-7475 treatment significantly extended survival as a single in vivo agent using acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and PDX models. Compared to ONO-7474 monotherapy, the combination of ONO-7475/ABT-199 was even more potent in reducing leukemic burden and prolonging the survival of mice in both model systems. These results suggest that the ONO-7475/ABT-199 combination may be effective for AML therapy.