gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Narrow-Band Red Emission in the Nitridolithoaluminate Sr<sub>4</sub>[LiAl<sub>11</sub>N<sub>14</sub>]:Eu<sup>2+</sup> (2016)

The new narrow-band red-emitting phosphor material Sr4[LiAl11N14]:Eu2+ was synthesized by solid-state reaction using a tungsten crucible with a cover plate in a tube furnace. When excited with blue light (460 nm), it exhibits red fluorescence with an emission maximum at 670 nm and a full width at half-maximum of 1880 cm–1 (∼85 nm). The crystal structure was solved and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. This new compound from the group of the nitridolithoaluminates crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm (No. 58) with the following unit-cell parameters: a = 10.4291(7) Å, b = 10.4309(7) Å, and c = 3.2349(2) Å. Sr4[LiAl11N14]:Eu2+ shows a pronounced tetragonal pseudo-symmetry. It consists of a framework of disordered (Al/Li)N4 and AlN4 tetrahedra that are connected to each other by common corners and edges. Along the [001] direction, the tetrahedral network creates empty four-membered-ring channels as well as five-membered-ring channels, in which the Sr2+ cations are located.
Accounting for Wind Effects on Fixed Wireless Channels in Suburban Macrocell Environments (2008)

Based upon coherent (amplitude and phase) received signal strength data collected over fixed wireless macrocell channels at almost 100 locations in residential, campus and open area environments near the University of British Columbia, we have shown that Thoen's model for fixed wireless Doppler spectra fits observed Doppler spectra remarkably well. This allows us to extract the equivalent maximum Doppler frequency for such channels and determine both: (1) its marginal distribution, which is surprisingly narrow, and (2) its joint distribution with Ricean K-factor and wind speed in typical suburban macrocell environments. Incorporating wind effects into the model helps us to improve the accuracy of the model by helping us account for the differences between the wind speed distributions observed during the measurement campaigns and those observed over the long term.
Heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are more abundant than their cyanobacterial counterparts in metagenomes covering most of the sunlit ocean (2021)

Abstract Biological nitrogen fixation is a major factor contributing to microbial primary productivity in the open ocean. The current view depicts a few cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the most relevant marine nitrogen fixers, whereas heterotrophic diazotrophs are more diverse and considered to have lower impacts on the nitrogen balance. Here, we used 891 Tara Oceans metagenomes to create a manually curated, non-redundant genomic database corresponding to free-living, as well as filamentous, colony-forming, particle-attached and symbiotic bacterial and archaeal populations occurring in the surface of five oceans and two seas. Notably, the database provided the genomic content of eight cyanobacterial diazotrophs including Trichodesmium populations and a newly discovered population similar to Richelia , as well as 40 heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs organized into three main functional groups that considerably expand the known diversity of abundant marine nitrogen fixers compared to previous genomic surveys. Critically, these 48 populations may account for more than 90% of cells containing known nifH genes and occurring in the sunlit ocean, suggesting that the genomic characterization of the most abundant marine diazotrophs may be nearing completion. The newly identified heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are widespread, express their nifH genes in situ , and co-occur under nitrate-depleted conditions in large size fractions where they might form aggregates providing the low-oxygen microenvironments required for nitrogen fixation. Most significantly, we found heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs to be more abundant than cyanobacterial diazotrophs in most metagenomes from the open oceans and seas. This large-scale environmental genomic survey emphasizes the considerable potential of heterotrophs in the marine nitrogen balance.
Near-Optimal Parallel Prefetching and Caching (2000)

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the operating systems research community in prefetching and caching data from parallel disks, as a technique for enabling serial applications to improve input--output (I/O) performance. In this paper, algorithms are considered for integrated prefetching and caching in a model with a fixed-size cache and any number of backing storage devices (disks). The integration of caching and prefetching with a single disk was previously considered by Cao, Felten, Karlin, and Li. Here, it is shown that the natural extension of their aggressive algorithm to the parallel disk case is suboptimal by a factor near the number of disks in the worst case. The main result is a new algorithm, reverse aggressive, with near-optimal performance for integrated prefetching and caching in the presence of multiple disks.
A new algorithm for autoreconstruction of catheters in computed tomography-based brachytherapy treatment planning (2001)

This paper describes innovative software for automatic reconstruction, which we term autoreconstruction, of plastic and metallic brachytherapy catheters using computed tomography (CT) data. No such automatic facility has previously existed in any treatment planning software. The patient data consists of a set of post-implantation CT images with the catheters in situ in their final positions. This new software solves those difficulties which arise when the catheters are intersecting or when loop techniques are used. With the software algorithms, catheter reconstruction time is significantly reduced and accuracy is also improved when compared with that achieved using the classical manual method of CT-slice-by-CT-slice reconstruction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Properties of Novel Tetracyclic Nucleoside Inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS5B Polymerase. (2013)

Abstract A series of 2′‐C‐methyl‐ribose nucleoside derivatives bearing a 7‐aryl and 7‐hetaryl substituted 7‐deaza‐adenine nucleobase is discovered.
Rheology of aqueous suspensions of polystyrene latex stabilized by grafted poly(ethylene oxide) (1990)

A water-soluble carbodiimide has been used to end-graft aminated poly (ethylene oxide)(PEO) chemically onto colloidal polystyrene particles. Two particle sizes (115 and 347 nm diameter) and two PEO molecular weights (112 000 and 615 000 g mol–1) were combined to give suspensions with four different ratios of polymer layer thickness to particle radius. Electrophoresis demonstrated that the PEO was grafted, not just adsorbed. Dynamic light scattering showed that the adsorbed and grafted layers had similar structures and that non-ionic surfactant perturbed the PEO configurations. Steady shear and oscillatory rheometry indicated that long-ranged polymeric forces between particles governed the variation of viscosity and storage modulus with applied stress and PS volume fraction. Hard-sphere and effective hard-sphere scaling helps rationalize the rheological behaviour in terms of the variation of the polymeric force among the different suspensions and hydrodynamic deformation of the polymer layers.
OP9: Collagen/Chitosan Dermal Substitute Enriched by Hyperstable FGF2: 4 Years of Development (2022)

INTRODUCTION: Dermal substitutes play an important role in the treatment of full-thickness skin loss defects. Process of prothesis neovascularization is crucial for so-called neodermis formation, improves metabolic and oxygenation conditions of the healing tissue, allows the migration of growth factors, etc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The unique bilaminar skin prosthesis consists of a porous biopolymer foam enriched with stable FGF2 and a layer of polymeric nanofibers. Two different models were used to measure dermal prosthesis neovascularization. The first was the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay, the second was a pig animal model and subsequent mathematical analysis of capillary density in histological samples stained with markers of neovascularization, α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) and anti-FVIII. The cutometry and clinical image assessment according to Yeong were performed. RESULTS: Full biocompatibility of the dermal matrix was demonstrated in both parts of the experiment. Increased neovascularization and fibroproliferation with autologous collagen production were demonstrated by CAM assay and experiment on an animal model. CONCLUSION: Bilaminar skin replacement in conjunction with hyperstable FGF2 demonstrated biological activity by neovascularization in both the CAM assay and the animal model. Samples of dermal matrix containing hyperstable FGF2 showed clinical superiority.
Flexible ultra‐high transformation ratio‐based dual‐band impedance transformer and its applications in a T‐junction power divider (2021)

Abstract A design scheme is presented for an all‐pass coupled‐line (APCL)‐based dual‐band impedance‐matching network. Salient features include a highly flexible frequency ratio (r) (high of 15 and low of 1.2) and impedance transformation ratio (k) (high of 9 and low of 0.2) simultaneously at two arbitrary, uncorrelated frequencies of interest. The design strategy consists of two APCL sections and a stub that prove to be simple and easy to prototype. Detailed mathematical modelling and graphical interpretations have been presented. Closed‐form design equations have been developed and backed up with design examples. Two dual‐band T‐junction power dividers (TPDs) have been designed to demonstrate the application of the proposed impedance transformer at two widely separated frequencies. RO4350 B‐ and RO5880‐based prototypes have been fabricated for both the matching network and the TPD to validate the proposed theory. The measurement results demonstrate an achievable frequency ratio of 15 and an impedance transformation ratio of 9 in simultaneous operation mode.
&lt;title&gt;Piezoelectric polymer actuators for vibration suppression&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

We have designed and built piezoelectric polymer actuators in a 'bellows' configuration and have used them in a near-zero-g environment vibrations suppression apparatus. The actuator is based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) sheets produced by AMP and electroded to our specifications. The actuator consists of two bimorphs, each with a double-bend precurvature, glued together at their ends so that the actuator has its thickest air gap at the middle. Each bimorph consists of two sheets glued together. Each sheet is electroded completely on the outside (ground) side, and has three electrode areas on the other side. If the electrode on the middle half is positive, and on the outer two quarters are negative, the bimorph curvature and the actuator length increase; with opposite polarities they decrease. In the vibration isolation application, the box to be isolated has actuators mounted between it and its surrounding enclosure on the vibrating vehicle. Feedback control is provided to change actuator length to compensate for vehicle motions and vibrations. This feedback is provided by accelerometers and by laser diode position sensors. The inherent softness of the actuator provides good passive damping of higher frequencies. So far, a one-dimensional test of the system has been made using a mass on a 'folded pendulum' as a 'weightless' (no restoring force for small displacements) load. Also, a two- dimensional version was flown on NASA's KC-135, which provided 25-second near-zero-g intervals during parabolic flight segments. Our goal is three-dimensional isolation for space vehicle applications.
A ligase ribozyme obtained from a structured pool (2004)

Here we report the in vitro selection experiment employed to construct a catalytic site on a self-folding RNA. To practice the selection, the sequence of 30 nucleotides was located in close proximity of the putative reaction site in a derivative of a naturally occurring RNA with a well known 3D structure. The acquired catalytic RNA retained the starting 3D structure and was successfully reconstructed according to its modular structure.
Large-Scale Interlaboratory Study of the Accuracy of Asbestos Analysis by TEM (1991)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been mandated by Congress to accredit and to test the proficiency of laboratories involved in the analysis of asbestos on filters by TEM. The laboratories are specifically accredited as proficient in the determination of the concentration of asbestos in air following abatement (or removal) of asbestos from school buildings using analytical procedures developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Related to the accreditation program, NIST has conducted two interlaboratory studies of the accuracy of analysis by TEM. The first study involved comparison of analyses by 15 laboratories. This work describes a large-scale study of the accuracy of analysis of asbestos on filters by 113 laboratories.
Ultraviolet Radiation Attenuates Thrombospondin 1 Expression via PI3K‐Akt Activation in Human Keratinocytes (2006)

Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is an extracellular glycoprotein and a recognized inhibitor of angiogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that UV radiation induces an angiogenic switch, by which it alters the balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in the skin. Here we describe the effects of acute UV exposure on TSP1 expression in human skin epidermis, primary keratinocytes and the epidermal cell line HaCaT. We found that protein and mRNA expressions of TSP1 are significantly reduced in human skin in vivo and in keratinocytes in vitro by a single UV exposure. In human skin and keratinocytes, UV exposure induced the phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream target of the PI3K pathways. Specific inhibitors of PI3K, wortmannin and LY294002, completely blocked Akt activation and UV-induced TSP1 downregulation in keratinocytes. We showed that a specific Akt phosphorylation inhibitor and small interfering RNA-mediated Akt depletion were also blocked by UV-induced TSP1 downregulation in keratinocytes. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that acute UV exposure downregulates TSP1 expression via PI3K-Akt activation in human keratinocytes. These novel findings may help us understand the regulatory mechanisms of UV-induced skin angiogenesis.
Recovery of biological materials through ultrafiltration (1969)

Abstract Experiments were performed on a cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membrane (HF‐200, ABCOR Inc., Cambridge, Mass.) to test its efficacy in concentrating and purifying a crude enzyme (trypsin) preparation. Studies were also made to determine the influence of inorganic salts, pressure, and temperature on the rate of ultrafiltration for this membrane. The results showed reductions in the rates will be encountered due to the presence of inorganic salts. However, the reduced rates were still sufficiently high to make this method extremely attractive. Operating at filtration pressures above 75 psi at, 20 to 30°C for this membrane does not show any beneficial effect in terms of ultrafiltration rates. However, at 10°C there were continual increases in the filtration rates up to 100 psi. Concentration and purification studies with trypsin yielded a concentration factor of 8.35 and a purification factor 2.35. It was shown concretely that the purification of the enzyme was due to the passage of low molecular weight proteins (below 20,000) through the membrane. Enzyme activity slightly greater than 90% was obtained: 70% was found in the concentrate and 20% in the filtrate. It is concluded that membrane ultrafiltration is an ideal simple, rapid, and economical method for the recovery of biological active substances.
ChemInform Abstract: THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+‐)‐DIUMYCINOL (XII) (1975)

Abstract Aus dem Keton (I) entsteht das Li‐enolat (II), das zu (III) substituiert und zu (IV) abgebaut wird.
Compression of digital holograms of three-dimensional objects using the wavelet transform (2005)

Wavelets are used extensively in image processing due to the localized frequency information that can be conveyed by the wavelet transform. This and other characteristics of wavelet transforms can be exploited very effectively for the compression of images. We apply the wavelet transform to digital holograms of three-dimensional objects. Our digital holograms are complex-valued signals captured using phase-shift interferometry. Speckle gives them a white noise-like appearance with little correlation between neighboring pixels. In our analyses we concentrate on the discrete wavelet transform and Haar dyadic bases. We achieve compression through quantization of the wavelet transform coefficients. We quantize the discrete wavelet coefficients in each of the subbands depending on the dynamic range of the coefficients in that subband. Finally, we losslessly encode these subbands to quantify the high compression ratios achieved. We outline the three issues that need to be dealt with in order to improve the compression ratio of wavelet based techniques for particular applications as (i) determining a good criterion for ascertaining the coefficients that have to be retained, (ii) determining a quantization strategy and quantization error appropriate to one's particular application, and (iii) compression of the bookkeeping data.
Improved prostate cancer detection with a human kallikrein 11 and percentage free PSA-based artificial neural network (2006)

Human kallikrein 11 (hK11) was evaluated in a percentage free PSA-based artificial neural network (ANN) to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. Serum samples from 357 patients with (n=132) and without (n=225) prostate cancer (PCa) were analyzed and ANN models were constructed and compared to all parameters. The discriminatory power of hK11 was lower than that of PSA, but receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses demonstrated significantly larger areas under the curves for the ANN compared to all other parameters. ANNs with hK11 may lead to a further reduction in unnecessary prostate biopsies, especially when analyzing patients with less than 15% free PSA.
Detection of Main Spindle Bearing Conditions in Machine Tool via Neural Network Methodolog (1995)

This paper presents a method of detecting localized defects on tapered roller bearing in main spindle of machine tool system. The statistical parameters in time-domain processing technique have been calculated to extract useful features from bearing vibration signals. These features are used by the input feature of an artificial neural network to detect and diagnose bearing defects. As a results, the detection of bearing defect conditions could be successfully performed by using an artificial neural network with statistical parameters of acceleration signals.
Java Virtual Machine support for object serialization (2003)

Abstract Distributed computing has become increasingly popular in the high‐performance community. Java's remote method invocation (RMI) provides a simple, yet powerful method for implementing parallel algorithms. The performance of RMI has been less than adequate, however, and object serialization is often identified as a major performance inhibitor. We believe that object serialization is best performed in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), where information regarding object layout and hardware communication resources are readily available. We implement a subset of Java's object serialization protocol in native code, using the Java Native Interface (JNI) and JVM internals. Experiments show that our approach is up to eight times faster than Java's original object serialization protocol for array objects. Also, for linked data structures our approach obtains a moderate speedup and better scalability. Evaluation of our object serialization implementation in an RMI framework indicates that a higher throughput can be obtained. Parallel applications, written using RMI, obtain better speedups and scalability when this more efficient object serialization is used. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Thermal Resistance of Particle Laden Polymeric Thermal Interface Materials (2003)

Particle laden polymers are one of the most prominent thermal interface materials (TIM) used in electronics cooling. Most of the research has primarily dealt with the understanding of the thermal conductivity of these types of TIMs. For thermal design, reduction of the thermal resistance is the end goal. Thermal resistance is not only dependent on the thermal conductivity, but also on the bond line thickness (BLT) of these TIMs. It is not clear which material property(s) of these particle laden TIMs affects the BLT and eventually the thermal resistance. This paper introduces a rheology based semi-empirical model for the prediction of the BLT of these TIMs. BLT depends on the yield stress of the particle laden polymer and the applied pressure. The BLT model combined with the thermal conductivity model can be used for modeling the thermal resistance of these TIMs for factors such as particle volume faction, particle shape, base polymer viscosity, etc. This paper shows that there exists an optimal filler volume fraction at which thermal resistance is minimum. Finally this paper develops design rules for the optimization of thermal resistance for particle laden TIMs.
Reproducibility and Repeatability of CBCT-Derived Radiomics Features (2021)

The reproducibility and repeatability of CBCT-based radiomics features were assessed and compared for the first time on both H&N and pelvic sites. There were overlaps of stable features in both disease sites, yet the overall stability of radiomics features may be disease-/protocol-specific and a function of time between scans.
Permanent Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in Mice: A Model of Post-myocardial Infarction Remodelling and Heart Failure (2014)

Permanent Ligation Of The Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery In Mice A Model Of Post-myocardial Infarction Remodelling And Heart Failure - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Improving the performance of Transformer Context Encoders for NER (2021)

Large Transformer based models have provided state-of-the-art results on a variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. While these Transformer models perform exceptionally well on a wide range of NLP tasks, their usage in Sequence Labeling has been mostly muted. Although pretrained Transformer models such as BERT and XLNet have been successfully employed as input representation, the use of the Transformer model as a context encoder for sequence labeling is still minimal, and most recent works still use recurrent architecture as the context encoder. In this paper, we compare the performance of the Transformer and Recurrent architecture as context encoders on the Named Entity Recognition (NER) task. We vary the character-level representation module from the previously proposed NER models in literature and show how the modification can improve the NER model’s performance. We also explore data augmentation as a method for enhancing their performance. Experimental results on three NER datasets show that our proposed techniques established a new state-of-the-art using the Transformer Encoder over the previously proposed models in the literature using only non-contextualized embeddings.
Halogen bonding at the wet interfaces of an amyloid peptide structure (2018)

Halogenation is a promising tool to stabilize – through halogen bonds – the wet interface of amyloid structures.