gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Transplantation: The Significance of Autonomic Denervation (2013)

Risk of postoperative AF is significantly lower with OHT as in comparison to surgical maze. As both surgeries entail isolation of the pulmonary veins but only OHT causes disruption of autonomic innervation, this observation supports a mechanistic role of autonomic nervous system in AF. The benefit of targeting the cardiac autonomic system to treat AF needs further investigation.
Requisite Elements in Vaccine Immunity to <i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i>: Plasticity Uncovers Vaccine Potential in Immune-Deficient Hosts (2002)

Understanding fundamental mechanisms of vaccine immunity will allow proper use and optimization of vaccines. Vaccination with a genetically engineered, live, attenuated strain of Blastomyces dermatitidis carrying a targeted deletion at the BAD1 locus confers sterilizing immunity against experimental lethal pulmonary infection. We found in this study that alphabeta T cells are requisite for durable vaccine immunity, whereas other T and B cells are dispensable. In immune-competent animals, CD4(+) T-cell derived cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mediate vaccine immunity. Surprisingly, these factors are dispensable in immune-deficient animals, which rely on alternate mechanisms for robust vaccine immunity, yet still require O(2)(-) production rather than generation of NO. Our results clarify the cellular and molecular bases behind the first genetically engineered fungal vaccine. They also illustrate a sharp difference in vaccine mechanisms between immune-competent and immune-deficient hosts, which underscores the plasticity of residual immune elements in compromised hosts, and points to the feasibility of developing vaccines against invasive fungal infection in this fast growing patient population.
Part I. Sequential Hemodynamic Changes in an Experimental Hemorrhagic Shock Preparation Designed to Simulate Clinical Shock (1969)

From the Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York City
Objective Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation using a Data Management and Processing Infrastructure (2022)

&lt;p&gt;We present a study of multiple sclerosis segmentation algorithms conducted at the international MICCAI 2016 challenge. This challenge was operated using a new open-science computing infrastructure. This allowed for the automatic and independent evaluation of a large range of algorithms in a fair and completely automatic manner. This computing infrastructure was used to evaluate thirteen methods of MS lesions segmentation, exploring a broad range of state-of-theart algorithms, against a high-quality database of 53 MS cases coming from four centers following a common definition of the acquisition protocol. Each case was annotated manually by an unprecedented number of seven different experts. Results of the challenge highlighted that automatic algorithms, including the recent machine learning methods (random forests, deep learning, …), are still trailing human expertise on both detection and delineation criteria. In addition, we demonstrate that computing a statistically robust consensus of the algorithms performs closer to human expertise on one score (segmentation) although still trailing on detection scores.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Data from Interpreting Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Cell Growth Inhibition in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;-Deficient Astrocytes (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The identification of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a major mediator of neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) tumor growth has led to the initiation of clinical trials using rapamycin analogs. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that durable responses to rapamycin treatment in a genetically engineered mouse model of &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt; optic glioma require 20 mg/kg/day, whereas only transient tumor growth suppression was observed with 5 mg/kg/day rapamycin despite complete silencing of ribosomal S6 activity. To gain clinically relevant insights into the mechanism underlying this dose-dependent effect, we used &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;-deficient glial cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. First, there was an exponential relationship between blood and brain rapamycin levels. Second, we show that currently used biomarkers of mTOR pathway inhibition (phospho-S6, phospho-4EBP1, phospho-STAT3, and Jagged-1 levels) and tumor proliferation (Ki67) do not accurately reflect mTOR target inhibition or &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;-deficient glial growth suppression. Third, the incomplete suppression of &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;-deficient glial cell proliferation &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; following 5 mg/kg/day rapamycin treatment reflects mTOR-mediated AKT activation, such that combined 5 mg/kg/day rapamycin and PI3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition or dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition recapitulates the growth suppressive effects of 20 mg/kg/day rapamycin. These new findings argue for the identification of more accurate biomarkers for rapamycin treatment response and provide reference preclinical data for comparing human rapamycin levels with target effects in the brain. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 10(2); 279–91. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Interlocking the Catalyst: Thread versus Rotaxane-Mediated Enantiodivergent Michael Addition of Ketones to β-Nitrostyrene (2019)

Fumaramide threads bearing one l-prolinamide fragment have been designed as templates for promoting the efficient formation of novel Leigh's [2]rotaxanes. Both threads and rotaxanes are shown to catalyze the asymmetric addition of ketones to β-nitrostyrene in an enantio- and diastereoselective manner. Interestingly, the enantioselective course of these processes is reversed simply by changing from thread to rotaxane as catalyst. DFT computations have allowed to rationalize the stereodivergence shown by the interlocked and noninterlocked catalysts.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Animal Models of Ischemic Stroke (2015)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) comprise a family of at least 25 zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play a pivotal role in the physiopathology of the mammalian central nervous system. In the first phases after stroke, the dysregulation of MMPs has been described to increase acute neurovascular disruption and cerebral injury. In particular, MMP-mediated alterations lead to blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, cerebral edema, hemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration and progressive inflammatory reactions underlying brain tissue loss. In addition, MMPs have been also shown to play critical activities during the repair phases of cerebral ischemia, particularly during angiogenesis and reestablishment of cerebral blood flow. The aim of this narrative review is to elucidate the mechanisms by which MMPs may provide detrimental and/or beneficial effects during the post-stroke injury and repair phases in animal models.
Thermoluminescence of Cs$_{2}$LiYCl$_{6}$, Cs$_{2}$LiYCl$_{6}$:Ce$^{3+}$ and Cs$_{2}$LiYCl$_{6}$:Pr$^{3+}$ Crystals (2007)

In this paper we report on the thermoluminescence of Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiYCI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> , Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiYCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> :Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> and Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiYCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> :Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> crystals. Low-temperature glow curves and isothermal decay spectra are presented. All three crystals exhibit prominent glow peaks below 300 K. The Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiYCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> sample shows a major peak at 58 K in addition to a broad band between 75 K and 150 K. The glow curve of Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiYCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> :Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> is similar to that of Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiYCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> but shows additional peaks at 222 K and 277 K. The glow curve of Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiYCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> :Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> is dominated by a major glow peak at 214 K with minor peaks at 50 K and 88 K. Lifetimes of traps derived from isothermal decay spectra measured at the temperature maximum of selected glow peaks are of the order of tens of seconds.
Protective activity of anti-lipoteichoic acid monoclonal antibody in single or combination therapies in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced murine sepsis models (2020)

Previously, we generated and screened a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to identify protective mAbs in mouse infection models. One of these mAbs, ZBIA3H, bound to lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and exerted protective effects in a mouse sepsis model. To reinforce the ability of the mAb to protect against infection, combination therapies with the mAb and antibiotics need to be examined. Therefore, herein, we studied the efficacy of ZBIA3H (in combination or alone) in a mouse sepsis model. ZBIA3H improved the survival rate in the mouse models of sepsis induced by highly virulent or refractory S. aureus (community-acquired MRSA strain MW2, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strain Mu3, or vancomycin-resistant S. aureus strain VRS1). Furthermore, ZBIA3H remarkably improved the survival rate in combination with antimicrobial agents (vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid) in mouse sepsis models. From these results we conclude that anti-LTA mAb ZBIA3H or its humanized form is a promising mAb individually, or in combination with antibiotics, against clinical refractory infection of S. aureus.
Diversity of Cicadellidae in agricultural production areas in the Ovens Valley, north‐east Victoria, Australia (2010)

Abstract There is a paucity of data on the distribution of Cicadellidae (leafhoppers) in Australia. This study quantifies the relative abundance, seasonal activity and diversity of leafhoppers in the Ovens Valley region of north‐east Victoria, Australia. Species diversity and abundance was assessed at four field sites in and around the field borders of commercially grown tobacco crops using three sampling techniques (pan trap, sticky trap and sweep net). Over 51 000 leafhopper samples were collected, with 57 species from 11 subfamilies and 19 tribes identified. Greater numbers and diversity of leafhoppers were collected in yellow pan traps. The predominant leafhopper collected was Orosius orientalis (Matsumura). Twenty‐three leafhopper species were recorded for the first time in Victoria and eight economically important pest species were recorded. Seasonal activity of selected leafhopper species, covering two sampling seasons, is presented.
Estimating the intrinsic difficulty of a recognition problem (2002)

Describes an experiment in estimating the Bayes error of an image classification problem: a difficult, practically important, two-class character recognition problem. The Bayes error gives the "intrinsic difficulty" of the problem since it is the minimum error achievable by any classification method. Since for many realistically complex problems, deriving this analytically appears to be hopeless, the authors approach the task empirically. The authors proceed first by expressing the problem precisely in terms of ideal prototype images and an image defect model, and then by carrying out the estimation on pseudorandomly simulated data. Arriving at sharp estimates seems inevitably to require both large sample sizes-in the authors' trial, over a million images-and careful statistical extrapolation. The study of the data reveals many interesting statistics, which allow the prediction of the worst-case time/space requirements for any given classifier performance, expressed as a combination of error and reject rates.
Structural risk minimization for reduced-bias time-frequency-based detectors design (2002)

Detectors design requires substantial knowledge of the observation statistical properties, conditionally to the competing hypotheses H/sub 0/ and H/sub 1/. However, many applications involve complex phenomena, in which few a priori information is available. Several methods of designing time-frequency-based (TF) receivers from labeled training data have been proposed. Unfortunately, the resulting detectors have large biases, particularly when the number of training samples is small compared to the data dimension. The method presented is based on the structural risk minimization principle developed by Vapnik (1982), and consists in locally adjusting the resolution of TF-based detectors to the information carried by each TF location. This operation, controlled by a measure of H/sub 0/ and H/sub 1/ separability, allows one to advantageously reduce the receivers complexity and solutions bias. The resulting reduced-bias TF-based detectors can yield a substantial improvement in detection performance.
Vitamin D Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease and End Stage Renal Disease (2011)

Vitamin D has garnered much research and debate about supplementation in recent years, not only as it pertains to patients with kidney disease but also to those in the general population. This review discusses observational and available clinical trial evidence about the effects of both calcitriol and vitamin D analogs (active) and ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol (nutritional) vitamin D in patients with CKD and ESRD.
Probabilistic combination of content and links (2001)

Previous research has shown that citations and hypertext links can be usefully combined with document content to improve retrieval. Links can be used in many ways, e.g., link topology can be used to identify important pages, anchor text can be used to augment the text of cited pages, and activation can be spread to linked pages. This paper introduces a probabilistic model that integrates content matching and these three uses of link information in a single unified framework. Experiments with a web collection show benefits for link information especially for general queries.
Model-theoretic and Computational Properties of Modal Dependence Logic (2009)

Journal Article Model-theoretic and Computational Properties of Modal Dependence Logic Get access Merlijn Sevenster Merlijn Sevenster Philips Research, Prof. Holstlaan 4, 5656AA, Eindhoven, The NetherlandsE-mail: merlijn.sevenster@philips.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Logic and Computation, Volume 19, Issue 6, December 2009, Pages 1157–1173, https://doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exn102 Published: 20 January 2009 Article history Received: 01 May 2008 Published: 20 January 2009
Lysosomes and Trivalent Arsenic Treatment in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (2007)

In APL cells, arsenite may cause rapid destabilization of lysosomes.
Evolution of Fuzzy Controllers with Multi-Chromosomal Representation of Membership Functions (2003)

In this work we present experiments evolving the membership functions of a fuzzy controller for the inverted pendulum problem. Specifically, the conventional representation of membership functions on a single chromosome is compared to a genotype encoding with multiple chromosomes in an evolutionary algorithm. In this context we present chromosome shuffling, a genetic operator recombining complete chromosomes based on biological evidence. The hypothesis that the multi--chromosomal representation increases the generalization capability of the fuzzy controller, is tested by measuring the controllers&amp;apos; performance on test cases they have not seen during their evolutionary construction.
Medical conditions as risk factors for pressure ulcers in an outpatient setting (2003)

it is important that physicians recognise that patients with many medical conditions may be at higher risk for pressure ulcers so that even in the ambulatory care environment appropriate prevention and detection strategies can be directed towards the patients who are most likely to benefit.
Low-temperature crystal structure of 4-chloro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole (2021)

The structure of 4-chloro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>ClN<sub>2</sub>, at 170 K has ortho-rhom-bic (<i>Pnma</i>) symmetry and is isostructural to its bromo analogue. Data were collected at low temperature since 4-chloro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole sublimes when subjected to the localized heat produced by X-rays. The structure displays inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonding and the packing features a trimeric mol-ecular assembly bis-ected by a mirror plane (<i>m</i> normal to <i>b</i>) running through one chlorine atom, one carbon atom and one N-N bond. The asymmetric unit therefore consists of one and one-half 4-chloro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole mol-ecules. Thus, the N-H proton is crystallographically disordered over two positions of 50% occupancy each.
NOx reduction using NH/sub 3/ radical prepared by intermittent dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. The NOx removal was made by using the NH/sub 3/ radicals which were prepared by dielectric barrier discharge with a one-cycle sinusoidal-wave power source. The discharge was intermittently made between coaxial cylindrical electrodes with a space of about 3 mm at an applied peak-to-peak voltage of 20-45 kV in ammonia gas. The radicals were introduced to a reaction chamber 10 cm in diameter and 40 cm in length, and were mixed with heated or unheated NOx gas. The spectrum of NH radical at 336 nm was observed at the mixing zone in the reaction chamber. The NOx reduction rate was measured at a source voltage between 20 to 45 kV. The rate changed in proportion with the applied source voltage between 20 and 45 kV. The electric power deposited into the dielectric barrier discharge increased with the applied voltage. The NOx reduction was also studied by using nitrogen plasma. The reduction ratio for nitrogen plasma hit the ceiling at higher applied source voltages.
Genome-wide association studies with metabolomics (2012)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analyze the genetic component of a phenotype or the etiology of a disease. Despite the success of many GWAS, little progress has been made in uncovering the underlying mechanisms for many diseases. The use of metabolomics as a readout of molecular phenotypes has enabled the discovery of previously undetected associations between diseases and signaling and metabolic pathways. In addition, combining GWAS and metabolomic information allows the simultaneous analysis of the genetic and environmental impacts on homeostasis. Most success has been seen in metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. Recently, associations between loci such as FADS1, ELOVL2 or SLC16A9 and lipid concentrations have been explained by GWAS with metabolomics. Combining GWAS with metabolomics (mGWAS) provides the robust and quantitative information required for the development of specific diagnostics and targeted drugs. This review discusses the limitations of GWAS and presents examples of how metabolomics can overcome these limitations with the focus on metabolic diseases.
Shear-Mediated Platelet Microparticles Demonstrate Phenotypic Heterogeneity as to Morphology, Receptor Distribution, and Hemostatic Function (2023)

Shear-generated PDMPs demonstrate phenotypic heterogeneity as to morphologic features and defined patterns of surface receptor alteration, and impose a bidirectional effect on platelet hemostatic function. PDMP heterogeneity suggests that a range of mechanisms are operative in the microvesiculation process, contributing to CTD coagulopathy and posing opportunities for therapeutic manipulation.
A deep-level transient spectroscopy study of p-type silicon Schottky barriers containing a Si-O superlattice (2016)

The presence of deep levels in a silicon–oxygen (Si–O) superlattice (SL) deposited on p-type silicon substrates has been investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) on thermally evaporated Cr Schottky barriers (SBs). The SLs have been fabricated with different thicknesses of the silicon interlayers, formed by chemical vapor deposition. It is shown that a broad band of hole traps is present near the surface of the SB, which is associated with the SL. In addition, the activation energy corresponding with the peak maximum shifts to higher values with respect to the valence band and gives rise to a higher trap concentration with increasing silicon interlayer thickness. It is proposed that these states are associated with the structural defects found in similar SL structures, that is, with the epitaxial quality and not with the SiO bonds in the atomic layers. The change in the DLT-spectra with silicon thickness could be related with the transformation of the structural defects from small self-interstitial clusters to stacking faults.
Discharges that occur when a grounded object approaches an electrified insulating surface (2003)

When a grounded metal sphere approaches a charged polyethylene terephthalate sheet (75-850 mu m thick) backed by a grounded metal layer, discharges occur. The discharges are called approaching discharges. In an experiment, with a 130 mm diameter backing electrode, two modes of discharge were studied: small (Polbuschel) and large (Gleitbuschel). When an approaching Gleitbuschel initiates, it spreads over the entire charged surface simultaneously. The approaching Gleitbuschel is apparently very hazardous. To avoid it, one must not electrify a thin and wide insulating layer on a grounded object negatively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>