gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Model-Based Framework to Evaluate Alternative Wildfire Suppression Strategies (2018)

The complexity and demands of wildland firefighting in the western U.S. have increased over recent decades due to factors including the expansion of the wildland-urban interface, lengthening fire seasons associated with climate change, and changes in vegetation due to past fire suppression and timber harvest. In light of these changes, the use of more wildland fire on the landscape could reduce fuels and form barriers to the spread of future fires while performing forest restoration in some areas. However, the risks, costs and benefits of changing fire response strategy have not been quantified. Here, we identify gaps regarding the ability to simulate alternative wildfire suppression strategies, due to a number of factors including limited data collected on fireline construction, as well as synergies between firefighting resources and resource effectiveness. We present a fire management continuum: at one end lies full suppression of all fires under all circumstances, and at the opposite end lies no suppression of any fires regardless of location or time in season, with a wide array of managed fire options falling in between. Next, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept using a stochastic fire simulation model, FSim, to simulate two alternative fire suppression strategies close to opposite ends of this continuum for the Sierra National Forest of California: (1) business-as-usual, which equates to nearly full fire suppression; and (2) full suppression of human-caused fires and no suppression actions on lightning-caused fires. Results indicate that fire management strategy can substantially affect the number of large fires and landscape burn probabilities, both of which were shown to increase under the second scenario. However, temporal feedbacks are expected to play an important role: we show that increases in burned area substantially limit ignition potential and the extent of subsequent fires within the first five to ten years, especially under the second scenario. While subject to current data gaps and limitations in fire modeling, the methodology presented here can be used to simulate a number of alternative fire suppression strategies, including decisions to suppress or not suppress fires based on location, time of season or other factors. This method also provides basic inputs needed to estimate risks, costs and benefits of various alternative suppression strategies in future work. In future work, uncertainties resulting from current limitations in knowledge can be addressed using techniques such as scenario planning in order to provide land managers with a set of possible fire outcomes.
Hybridization: A route to state engineering for quantum-enhanced metrology (2016)

The hybridization of distinct quantum systems has now reached the stage when we can actually engineer the properties of the composite system to be better than the individual parts. One natural application of hybridization is the generation of non-classical states, which are extremely important in emerging quantum technologies such as quantum metrology and sensing. In this presentation we consider the generation of spin squeezed states in a hybrid system composed of a superconducting circuit coupled to a spin ensemble. We show that spin squeezing can be generated by two different mechanisms: one-axis twisting and driven collective relaxation.
Impact of Texture Roughness on the Front-Side Metallization of Stencil-Printed Silicon Solar Cells (2015)

Realizing narrow contact fingers with low lateral resistance is a major goal for the front-side metallization of silicon solar cells. The formation of screen- or stencil-printed contact fingers is governed by a variety of influencing factors. One of these factors is the surface roughness of the textured silicon wafer. However, only a few investigations have been carried out to investigate this impact in detail. In this study, the influence of arithmetical mean roughness R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> of four differently textured wafer surfaces on contact finger geometry and lateral finger resistance, as well as optical and electrical losses, has been investigated. It will be shown that texture roughness has a considerable impact on the properties of the front-side grid. Narrower contact fingers could be realized on the smoothest texture, leading to a current density gain of Δj <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> = +0.27 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . On the other hand, increasing texture roughness has affected the amount of transferred paste and, thus, has led to a lower lateral finger resistance RL. Thus, contact fingers on the roughest texture have benefited from a fill factor gain of ΔFF = +0.24 % <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">abs</sub> . A sensitivity analysis of both impacts has shown that the current density gain has overcompensated the fill factor loss. Thus, textures with a small roughness are beneficial with respect to the formation and electrical properties of stencil-printed front-side grids.
Cognitive activity modelling: a case study of lane change schemas and sensation seeking (2008)

This is a conference paper. More information on the conference can be found at http://www.conference.noehumanist.org/
Outlook on Developments in Power Devices and Integration: Recent Investigations and Future Requirements (2018)

The switching cell at the heart of power electronic circuits is the central key for improvements in terms of performance, size, cost, and efficiency, and it will remain this way for the foreseeable future. Nowadays, developments in switching cells are driven by different component manufacturers, e.g., for semiconductors, capacitors, drivers, and packages. Although there has been tremendous progress, especially on power semiconductors, a paradigm change is necessary for further advancement on optimization. Higher switching speeds and lower switching losses make the handling of discrete components more and more difficult for the average user. Furthermore, the interfaces between the components are evolving to be major bottlenecks in terms of electromagnetic performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Structure of ((W(CO)3)6(Te2)4)2‐: A 14‐Membered Cluster with a Novel Shape. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Designing Structure and Composition of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina for Optical Applications (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Pressure Controlled Heat Pipe for Precise Temperature Control (2008)

This paper discusses the design and test of a pressure controlled heat pipe (PCHP) for spacecraft thermal management. The PCHP combines a conventional grooved aluminum‐ammonia heat pipe with a variable‐volume non‐condensable gas reservoir to create a heat pipe whose conductance can be precisely controlled. Testing showed that a prototype PCHP was capable of maintaining a stable evaporator temperature within 0.1 K despite wide swings in heat load and heat sink temperature. A similarly‐sized variable‐conductance heat pipe (VCHP) yielded temperature swings of over 3.5 K for the same variation of heat load and sink temperature. Using a non‐optimized control system, the PCHP was capable of maintaining evaporator temperature within 0.05 K over time. The PCHP had a much faster transient response than other devices such as heated‐reservoir VCHPs, as well as providing a means for changing the set point temperature after assembly. The PCHP is a significant advance over other means of temperature control, even in its current non‐optimized state.
Determination of high-risk impact sites on a Hybrid III headform by finite element analysis (2014)

The current standards and methods to evaluate helmet performance remain focused on traumatic brain injuries and not concussive injuries. This is reflected in the methodologies currently used and the injury metrics employed to determine the pass/fail criteria for the helmets being tested. To address the problem surrounding concussion and helmets, a method reflecting high risk of concussive injury must be developed. The purpose of this research was to identify high risk of concussive injury impact sites on the Hybrid III headform using the Wayne State head injury finite element model. The Hybrid III headform was impacted using a linear impactor in five different sites with four angles per site at 5.5 m/s. The resulting acceleration loading curves were used as input for brain deformation analyses using the Wayne State University Brain Injury Model. The brain deformation results indicated that there are 12 impact conditions on the Hybrid III headform which reflect a risk of concussion above 80% when compared with the literature. The method used and impact sites discovered by this research differ significantly from the current standard method and may be used to guide future impact sites for the evaluation of helmet performance.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Adhesion between Photoresist and Invar Alloy for Fine Etching (2003)

Shadowmasks used for color cathode ray tubes (C-CRT) have electron pass holes formed by photoetching technique. The accuracy of shapes and dimensions of the holes is controlled by the adhesion between photoresist and the substrate alloy. The adhesion is empirically known to be influenced by the pretreatment of substrate before coating the photoresist. The aim of this study is to evaluate quasiquantitatively the effect of conditions of the pretreatment on the adhesion by electrochemical technique. Thin sheets of Invar alloy (Fe-36 mass% Ni) were used as specimens. As factors that influence the adhesion, the concentration of detergent, the drying time and temperature, and the quantity of spread water were selected. The specimens coated with photoresist after different pretreatments, except for etching patterns, were potentiostatically polarized at 0.3V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3.33kmol·m-3 KCl) in 0.1kmol·m-3 Na2SO4+0.003kmol·m-3 NaCl solution. Time-dependent change in current at 0.3V and the initiation of crevice corrosion at photoresist/substrate interfaces at the same potential were examined. Etching tests were also performed on the specimens coated with photoresist in a FeCl3 solution of sp. gr. 1.485 at 293K.In result, it was found that the specimens that showed increasing current during the potentiostatic polarization at 0.3V suffered from crevice corrosion owing to the bad adhesion of photoresist. These specimens that were susceptible to crevice corrosion also showed small etching factors and large errors in the dimension of etching holes.
The reaction efficiency of thermal energy oxygen atoms with polymeric materials (1990)

The reaction efficiency of several polymeric materials with thermal-energy (0.04 eV translational energy), ground-state (O3P) oxygen atoms was determined by exposing the materials to a room temperature gas containing a known concentration of atomic oxygen. The reaction efficiency measurements were conducted in two flowing afterglow systems of different configuration. Atomic oxygen concentration measurements, flow, transport and surface dose analysis is presented in this paper. The measured reaction efficiencies of Kapton, Mylar, polyethylene, D4-polyethylene and Tedlar are .001 to .0001 those determined with high-energy ground-state oxygen atoms in low earth orbit or in a high-velocity atom beam. D4-polyethylene exhibits a large kinetic isotope effect with atomic oxygen at thermal but not hyperthermal atom energies.
Measuring Infant Visual Acuity with Gaze Tracker Monitored Visual Fixation (2015)

The agreement between the TACs and GT in adults and infants validates the method of measuring grating acuity with the remote GT. These results demonstrate its potential for an automated test of infant VA.
Effusing source for film deposition of reservoir, comprises hole having hole diameter less than one order of magnitude than mean free path of molecules (2002)

Patent numbers: US2015114566 (A1)US8852344 (B2)US2012037077 (A1)US2007193519 (A1)US2005166846 (A1)EP1504136 (A2)WO03093529 (A3)AU2003226995 (A1)AU2003226995 (A8)WO03093529 (A2)WO2003093529 (A2) Keywords: [NRG] Reference LOA-PATENT-2002-001Search for this record at the European Patent Office Record created on 2009-07-20, modified on 2017-09-24
An integrated method to determine the stress-strain relationship of beating heart (2003)

An integrated computational-experimental method was developed to characterize nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior of the beating heart. This method combines finite element (FE) simulation with the experimental end-diastolic pressure-balloon volume relationship to characterize the deformation resistance. In the FE simulations, the hyperelastic Ogden strain energy potential was used and geometric nonlinearity was also considered. The elastic moduli for the ex-vivo rat heart obtained through the study vary from 0.003 to 0.577 MPa.
Online Clustering of Moving Hyperplanes (2007)

We propose a recursive algorithm for clustering trajectories lying in multiple moving hyperplanes. Starting from a given or random initial condition, we use normalized gradient descent to update the coefficients of a time varying polynomial whose degree is the number of hyperplanes and whose derivatives at a trajectory give an estimate of the vector normal to the hyperplane containing that trajectory. As time proceeds, the estimates of the hyperplane normals are shown to track their true values in a stable fashion. The segmentation of the trajectories is then obtained by clustering their associated normal vectors. The final result is a simple recursive algorithm for segmenting a variable number of moving hyperplanes. We test our algorithm on the segmentation of dynamic scenes containing rigid motions and dynamic textures, e.g., a bird floating on water. Our method not only segments the bird motion from the surrounding water motion, but also determines patterns of motion in the scene (e.g., periodic motion) directly from the temporal evolution of the estimated polynomial coefficients. Our experiments also show that our method can deal with appearing and disappearing motions in the scene.
Subcellular detection of PEBCA particles in macrophages: combining darkfield microscopy, confocal Raman microscopy, and ToF–SIMS analysis (2022)

The detection of biomedical organic nanocarriers in cells and tissues is still an experimental challenge. Here we developed an imaging strategy for the label-free detection of poly (ethylbutyl cyanoacrylate) (PEBCA) particles. Experiments were carried out with phagocytic NR8383 macrophages exposed to non-toxic and non-activating concentrations of fluorescent (PEBCA NR668 and PEBCA NR668/IR), non-fluorescent (PEBCA), and cabazitaxel-loaded PEBCA particles (PEBCA CBZ). Exposure to PEBCA NR668 revealed an inhomogeneous particle uptake similar to what was obtained with the free modified Nile Red dye (NR668). In order to successfully identify the PEBCA-loaded cells under label-free conditions, we developed an imaging strategy based on enhanced darkfield microscopy (DFM), followed by confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Nitrile groups of the PEBCA matrix and PEBCA ions were used as suitable analytes for CRM and ToF-SIMS, respectively. Masses found with ToF-SIMS were further confirmed by Orbitrap-SIMS. The combined approach allowed to image small (< 1 µm) PEBCA-containing phagolysosomes, which were identified as PEBCA-containing compartments in NR8383 cells by electron microscopy. The combination of DFM, CRM, and ToF-SIMS is a promising strategy for the label-free detection of PEBCA particles.
Demonstration of multicasting capability in a 100-Gb/s OTDM switched interconnect (2003)

We have demonstrated the multicasting capability of a 100-Gb/s OTDM interconnect with a maximum reconfiguration time of 3.2 ns. By incorporating multicasting into the highly scalable interconnect, we have demonstrated that this OTDM broadcast-and-select architecture is functionally equivalent to a fully connect crossbar switch. We believe the rich subset of multicasting channels simultaneously accessible from a simple node transmitter design enable the interconnect to route high bandwidth server applications such as multi-conference video for the Next Generation Internet.
NMR and Metabolomics—A Roadmap for the Future (2022)

Metabolomics investigates global metabolic alterations associated with chemical, biological, physiological, or pathological processes. These metabolic changes are measured with various analytical platforms including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). While LC-MS methods are becoming increasingly popular in the field of metabolomics (accounting for more than 70% of published metabolomics studies to date), there are considerable benefits and advantages to NMR-based methods for metabolomic studies. In fact, according to PubMed, more than 926 papers on NMR-based metabolomics were published in 2021—the most ever published in a given year. This suggests that NMR-based metabolomics continues to grow and has plenty to offer to the scientific community. This perspective outlines the growing applications of NMR in metabolomics, highlights several recent advances in NMR technologies for metabolomics, and provides a roadmap for future advancements.
395 Determining the Necessity for Separate Histologic Evaluations of Proximal and Distal Biopsies in Adult Eosinophilic Esophagitis (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) can induce remission in up to 1/2 of patients with EoE. Understanding clinical or pathologic features of EoE that are associated with PPI-responsiveness could inform choice of PPI for therapy, rather than diet or topical steroids. The aim of this study was to determine if evaluation of mid esophageal biopsies separately from distal esophageal biopsies could reveal information important in predicting PPI response. METHODS: We utilized a de-identified database containing information derived from our institution’s electronic medical record between 2000-2017. We queried this database for patients with an ICD9 or ICD10 code for Eosinophilic Esophagitis. A total of 1,198 patients resulted. These records were manually reviewed, and an EoE diagnosis was confirmed in 749/1198 by a pathology report showing an esophageal biopsy containing an eosinophil count with ≥ 15 eosinophils/high power field. Patients with ≥ 15 eosinophils/high power field in both mid and distal esophageal biopsies (separately reported) with ≤ 15 eosinophils/high power field in both mid and distal biopsies following PPI therapy were considered to be PPI-responsive, while those with ≥ 15 eosinophils/high power field in either biopsy after PPI therapy were considered to be not responsive to PPI. 564/749 patients were excluded due to interventions other than PPI or lack of pre-EGD or post-EGD data. RESULTS: Our study constituted 43 PPI-responsive and 142 non-responsive patients (median age 23 vs.18 years, respectively; male 67% vs 68%, respectively). Dysphagia was the most common indication for EGD (56%, refer to Table 1). Patients non-responsive to PPI demonstrated a trend towards a longer duration of symptoms prior to EoE diagnosis (24 vs. 12 months, P = 0.14). In PPI-responsive patients, pre-EGD eosinophils/high power field were significantly lower in number in the mid (21 vs. 44, Figure 1, P &lt; 0.001) and distal (30 vs. 50, P &lt; 0.001) esophageal biopsies. CONCLUSION: Biopsies in the mid and distal esophagus had significantly fewer eosinophils in EoE patients that respond to PPI versus those that do not. Perhaps this information can be used in conjunction with other data to predict PPI response. In the future, we plan to validate these findings in other populations and examine the differences of other EoE histologic features in mid and distal esophageal biopsies.
Saliva and the Transmission of Human Herpesvirus 8: Potential Role of Promoter‐Arthropod Bites (2004)

FIGURES 57–61. Homoneura (Homoneura) yinggelingica sp. nov. Male. 57. protandrium and epandrium, lateral view; 58. protandrium, anterior view; 59. epandrial complex, posterior view; 60. aedeagal complex, ventral view; 61. aedeagal complex, lateral view. Scale 0.1 mm.
Evaluation of phytochemicals and<i>in vitro</i>antioxidant studies of<i>Toddalia asiatica</i>leaf (2013)

The primary phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant studies were performed on methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and aqueous leaf extracts of Toddalia asiatica. The antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extract was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Ascorbic acid was used as standard. Evaluation showed high phenol content and methanolic extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract was increased with the increasing concentration. The highest radical scavenging effect was observed with IC50 = 36μg/ml. The greater amount of phenolic compounds leads to more potent radical scavenging effect as shown by Toddalia asiatica leaf extract. The results concluded that the plant has potential source of antioxidants of natural origin, augmenting its therapeutic value.
A new verification-based fast-match for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (2005)

Acoustic fast-match is a popular way to accelerate the search in large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition, where an efficient method is used to identify poorly scoring phonemes and discard them from detailed evaluation. In this paper we view acoustic fast-match as a verification problem, and hence develop an efficient likelihood ratio test, similar to other verification scenarios, to perform the fast match. Various aspects of the test like the design of alternate hypothesis models and the setting of phoneme look-ahead durations and decision thresholds are studied, resulting in an efficient implementation. The proposed fast-match is tested in a large vocabulary speech recognition task and it is demonstrated that depending on the decision threshold, it leads to 20-30% improvement in speed without any loss in recognition accuracy. In addition, it significantly outperforms a similar test based on using likelihoods only, which fails, in our setting, to bring any improvement in speed-accuracy trade-off. In a larger set of experiments with varying acoustic and task conditions, similar improvements are observed for the fast-match with the same model and setting. This indicates the robustness of the proposed technique. The gains due to the proposed method are obtained within a highly efficient 2-pass search strategy and similar or even higher gains are expected in other alternative search architectures.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening Reactions of Succinimides (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
40 Gbit/s digital IC fabricated using InP/GaAsSb/InP DHBT technology (2005)

A circuit-oriented InP/GaAsSb/InP double-heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology has been developed, and used to fabricate a 40 Gbit/s full-rate digital circuit (a 40 GHz-clocked D-FF). The high yield achieved demonstrates the whole process (epitaxy, technology) quality.