gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyurethane as a potential knee hemiarthroplasty biomaterial: An <i>in-vitro</i> simulation of its tribological performance (2009)

Hemiarthroplasty is an attractive alternative to total joint replacement for the young active patient, when only one side of the synovial joint is damaged. In the development of a hemiarthroplasty prosthesis, a comprehensive understanding of the tribology of both the natural joint and the hemireplaced joint is necessary. The objectives of this study were to investigate the tribological response of polyurethane (PU) as a potential hemiarthroplasty material. Bovine medial compartmental knees were tested in a Prosim pendulum friction simulator, which applied physiologically relevant loading and motion. The healthy medial compartment was investigated as a negative control; a stainless steel hemiarthroplasty was investigated as a positive control; and three PU hemiarthroplasty plates of different moduli (1.4 MPa, 6.5 MPa, and 22 MPa) were also investigated. Using the lower-modulus PU caused reduced levels of contact stress and friction shear stress, which resulted in reduced levels of opposing cartilage wear. The two PU bearings with the lowest moduli demonstrated a similar tribological performance to the negative control. The higher-modulus PU (22 MPa) did demonstrate higher levels of friction shear stress, and wear resulted on the opposing cartilage, although not as severe as the wear from the stainless steel group. This study supports the use of compliant PU designs in future tribological experiments and hemiarthroplasty design applications.
Zero-field superconducting diode effect in small-twist-angle trilayer graphene (2021)

The critical current of a superconductor can be different for opposite directions of current flow when both time-reversal and inversion symmetry are broken. %When time-reversal and inversion symmetry are simultaneously broken, the critical current of a 2D superconductor is expected to depend on the directions of current flow. Such nonreciprocal behavior in superconducting transport, which creates a superconducting diode, has recently been demonstrated experimentally by breaking these symmetries with an applied magnetic field \cite{Ando2020diodes} or by construction of a magnetic tunnel junction \cite{Diez2021magnetic}. Here we report an intrinsic superconducting diode effect which is present at zero external magnetic field in mirror symmetric twisted trilayer graphene (tTLG). Such nonreciprocal behavior, with sign that can be reversed through training with an out-of-plane magnetic field, provides direct evidence of the microscopic coexistence between superconductivity and time-reversal symmetry breaking. In addition to the magnetic-field trainability, we show that the zero-field diode effect can be controlled by varying carrier density or twist angle. In accordance with these experimental controls, a natural interpretation for the origin of the intrinsic diode effect is an imbalance in valley occupation of the underlying Fermi surface, which likely leads to finite-momentum Cooper pairing and nematicity in the superconducting phase.
Kinetics and extent of protein tyrosine kinase activation in individual T cells upon antigenic stimulation (1999)

Using human CD4+ T-cell clones and peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (APC) we measured, at the single cell level, different steps in the T-cell activation cascade. Simultaneous analysis of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) down-regulation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production shows that both the level of TCR occupancy and the amount of IFN-gamma produced by single T cells increase in an antigen dose-dependent fashion. Conversely, commitment of T cells to IFN-gamma production does not occur as soon as a defined number of TCR have been engaged, but requires the same duration of sustained signalling at low as well as at high antigen concentrations. Measurement of phosphotyrosine levels by flow cytometry reveals that, upon conjugation with APC, individual T cells undergo an antigen dose-dependent activation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK), which parallels the level of TCR occupancy. In antigen-stimulated T cells the increased phosphotyrosine staining is localized in the area of contact with APC, as shown by confocal microscopy. PTK activation is sustained for at least 2 hr after conjugation, and is required to maintain a sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Our results show, for the first time, a direct correlation between the level of TCR occupancy and the activation of PTK in individual T cells and offer an explanation for how the number of triggered TCR can be 'counted' and integrated in a corresponding biological response.
Self-expandable metal stents for obstructing colonic and extracolonic cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline (2014)

This Guideline is an official statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). This Guideline was also reviewed and endorsed by the Governing Board of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was adopted to define the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. Main recommendations The following recommendations should only be applied after a thorough diagnostic evaluation including a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan. 1 Prophylactic colonic stent placement is not recommended. Colonic stenting should be reserved for patients with clinical symptoms and imaging evidence of malignant large-bowel obstruction, without signs of perforation (strong recommendation, low quality evidence). 2 Colonic self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement as a bridge to elective surgery is not recommended as a standard treatment of symptomatic left-sided malignant colonic obstruction (strong recommendation, high quality evidence). 3 For patients with potentially curable but obstructing left-sided colonic cancer, stent placement may be considered as an alternative to emergency surgery in those who have an increased risk of postoperative mortality, I. e. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status ≥ III and/or age > 70 years (weak recommendation, low quality evidence). 4 SEMS placement is recommended as the preferred treatment for palliation of malignant colonic obstruction (strong recommendation, high quality evidence), except in patients treated or considered for treatment with antiangiogenic drugs (e. g. bevacizumab) (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).
Phase-resolved heterodyne shearographic vibrometer for observation of transient surface motion: theory and model (2017)

A phase-resolved heterodyne shearing interferometer concept is under development for high-rate, whole field observations of transient surface motion. The sensor utilizes frequency and polarization multiplexing with two temporal carrier frequencies to separate each segment of a shearing Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Post-processing routines have been developed to recombine the segments by extracting the scattered object phase from Doppler shifted intermediate carrier frequencies. The processing routines provide quantitative relative phase changes and information required to generate phase resolved shearographic fringe patterns without temporal or spatial phase shifting. Separation of each segment allows for adjustment of shearing distance and direction as well as simultaneous whole field Doppler velocity (LDV) measurements. This paper presents background theory and numerical model results leading to a sensor concept.
Celebrating wobble decoding: Half a century and still much is new (2017)

A simple post-transcriptional modification of tRNA, deamination of adenosine to inosine at the first, or wobble, position of the anticodon, inspired Francis Crick's Wobble Hypothesis 50 years ago. Many more naturally-occurring modifications have been elucidated and continue to be discovered. The post-transcriptional modifications of tRNA's anticodon domain are the most diverse and chemically complex of any RNA modifications. Their contribution with regards to chemistry, structure and dynamics reveal individual and combined effects on tRNA function in recognition of cognate and wobble codons. As forecast by the Modified Wobble Hypothesis 25 years ago, some individual modifications at tRNA's wobble position have evolved to restrict codon recognition whereas others expand the tRNA's ability to read as many as four synonymous codons. Here, we review tRNA wobble codon recognition using specific examples of simple and complex modification chemistries that alter tRNA function. Understanding natural modifications has inspired evolutionary insights and possible innovation in protein synthesis.
Application of a matrix operator method to the thermoviscoelastic analysis of composite structures (2010)

The problem of thermal stress development in composite structures containing one linear isotropic viscoelastic phase is considered. The time-temperature superposition principle is assumed to be applicable to the viscoelastic media under consideration. Two methods of solution based on the reduction of the original viscoelastic problem to the corresponding elastic one are discussed. It is argued that the use of a method based on the Laplace transform is impractical for some problems, such as those involving viscoelastic asphalt binders. However, the solution can be obtained by means of the second method considered in the paper, the Volterra correspondence principle, in which the integral operator corresponding to the master relaxation modulus is presented in matrix form. The Volterra principle can be applied to the solution of viscoelastic problems with complex geometry if the analytical solution for the corresponding elastic problem is known. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is simple and accurate. The approach is suitable to the solution of problems involving viscoelastic materials, whose rheological properties strongly depend on temperature. In particular, it can be found useful in the analysis of the low-temperature thermal cracking of viscoelastic asphalt binders.
Convenient Preparation of 1-(<i>N,N</i>-Dialkylamino)alkyltributylstannanes from 1-(<i>N,N</i>-Dialkylamino)alkylbenzotriazoles (1994)

The title compounds have been prepared conveniently and in high yield from 1-(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyltributylbenzotriazoles and tributyltinlithium.
Exploiting compressed block size as an indicator of future reuse (2015)

We introduce a set of new Compression-Aware Management Policies (CAMP) for on-chip caches that employ data compression. Our management policies are based on two key ideas. First, we show that it is possible to build a more efficient management policy for compressed caches if the compressed block size is directly used in calculating the value (importance) of a block to the cache. This leads to Minimal-Value Eviction (MVE), a policy that evicts the cache blocks with the least value, based on both the size and the expected future reuse. Second, we show that, in some cases, compressed block size can be used as an efficient indicator of the future reuse of a cache block. We use this idea to build a new insertion policy called Size-based Insertion Policy (SIP) that dynamically prioritizes cache blocks using their compressed size as an indicator. We compare CAMP (and its global variant G-CAMP) to prior on-chip cache management policies (both size-oblivious and size-aware) and find that our mechanisms are more effective in using compressed block size as an extra dimension in cache management decisions. Our results show that the proposed management policies (i) decrease off-chip bandwidth consumption (by 8.7% in single-core), (ii) decrease memory subsystem energy consumption (by 7.2% in single-core) for memory intensive workloads compared to the best prior mechanism, and (iii) improve performance (by 4.9%/9.0%/10.2% on average in single-/two-/four-cor e workload evaluations and up to 20.1%) CAMP is effective for a variety of compression algorithms and different cache designs with local and global replacement strategies.
Association between anti-SSSCA1 antibodies and cancer in systemic sclerosis (2022)

These data suggest anti-SSSCA1 antibody status may be of utility as a cancer biomarker in SSc. Anti-SSSCA1-positive patients with SSc may be more likely to have severe Raynaud's and cardiac involvement.
Outcome of Extremely Premature Infants at Early School Age: Health-Related Quality of Life and Neurosensory, Cognitive, and Behavioral Outcomes in a Population-Based Sample in Northern Germany (2009)

Overall our results confirm high levels of mortality and morbidity in extremely immature infants. Regional data should include mortality, morbidity and health-related quality of life to adequately inform parents about the prognosis.
LACTATING MOUSE MAMMARY GLAND EXPRESSES SECRETED MGAM WHICH ENABLES UNWEANED SUCKLING PUP STARCH DIGESTION (2013)

All starch digesting activities are reported absent in suckling mice by jejunal mucosal enzyme assay, imunohistochemistry or Western blots. We confirmed that there was no maltase activity or brush border staining with Mgam antibodies at 13d and that these were detected at 25d only in WT. Last year we reported that at 13 d both Mgam null and WT suckling mice can digest amylase treated 13 C‐starch derived α‐limit dextrins (LDx) to increase blood 13 C glucose paradoxically in 13d Mgam null suckling mice lumenal contents were stained by specific Mgam antibodies. Objective Test lactating mouse mammary glands for Mgam and Si gene expression. Methods RNA was extracted from the mammary gland of 10 different strains of WT 30d pp lactating mice. After RT, the cDNA was amplified for Mouse Si (amplicons for exons 1 to 6 or exons 16 to 18) and Mgam (amplicons for exons 1 to 7 or exons 3 to 7). Results Only the Mgam Exon 3 to 7 primers produced 516 bp bands on the Gel. Conclusion we suggest that maltase activity is secreted in mouse milk which enables unweaned pup starch digestion well before brush border bound enzyme development. Splicoforms of the Mgam message, lacking the membrane binding exon 2 coding region, in lactating mouse mammary tissue suggest synthesis of a soluble enzyme activity. This was confirmed by the expression of the exon 2 deleted Mgam message in lactating mammary glands of 10 different mouse strains.
An ant colony optimization-based classifier system for bacterial growth (2004)

Motivation. In predictive microbiology, identification of different combination of environmental factors (such as temperature, water activity, pH), which lead to growth/ no–growth of microorganism, is a problem of potential importance. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is one of the most recently developed nature–inspired metaheuristic techniques, based on the foraging behavior of real life ants and has already exhibited superior performance in solving combinatorial optimization problems. This work explores the search capabilities of this metaheuristic for learning classification rules in bacterial growth/no growth data pertaining to pathogenic Escherichia coli R31 as affected by temperature and water activity. The discovered rules thus can be used to verify whether any combination of temperature and water activity belong to either growth or no–growth of the microorganism. Method. The ant algorithm for classification works iteratively as follows: At any iteration level, software ants construct rules using available heuristic information and dynamically evolved pheromone trails. A rule that has highest prediction quality is said to be a discovered rule, which represents information extracted from the database. Examples correctly covered by the discovered rule are removed from the training set, and another iteration is started. Guided by the modified pheromone matrix, the agents build improved rules and the process is repeated for as many iterations as necessary to find rules covering almost all cases in the training set. Results. The developed ACO classifier system is utilized on several datasets and its performance is compared with the performance of other well known algorithms in terms of the average accuracy attained in 10–fold cross validation. The results obtained by this algorithm compare very favorably with other classifiers. Additionally, for discovery of classification rules in the dataset pertaining to bacterial growth/no–growth, the performance of the ACO classifier is compared with the C4.5 system with respect to the predictive accuracy and the simplicity of discovered rules. In both these performance indices the ACO classifier compares very well with the C4.5. Conclusions. The results obtained on several data sets indicate that the algorithm is competitive and can be considered a very useful tool for knowledge discovery in a given database.
B33 Decreased heart mass and dysregulated cardiac mTORC1 activity are associated with huntington’s disease (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Huntington’s disease (HD) profoundly affects the central nervous system, but the causative protein, mutant huntingtin (HTT), is expressed throughout the body. HD-related pathology may therefore occur in other organ systems. Importantly, cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death among HD patients, and cardiac abnormalities have been reported in HD patients and models, but the mechanism of pathogenesis is unknown. Activity of mTORC1, a regulator of growth and metabolism, is dysregulated in the brain in HD, and similar dysregulation in the heart may explain heart phenotypes observed in HD. <h3>Aims</h3> To ascertain the natural history of cardiac pathology in HD, and to characterise mTORC1 dysregulation in the HD heart. <h3>Methods</h3> Hearts from two different HD murine models, the transgenic N171-82Q and the knock-in zQ175, were studied by standard histological and biochemical techniques and by echocardiography. <h3>Results</h3> Disease in HD mouse models is associated with smaller gross heart mass. When tracked over time, hearts in disease animals initially gain mass appropriately, but fail to maintain the same rate of mass increase as WT littermates after symptom onset. Interestingly, evidence at the functional, tissue, and cellular levels suggests lack of heart failure. Analysis of the mTORC1 pathway revealed decreased mTORC1 activity in the hearts of HD animals that is not the result of decreased axis activation or increased energy stress. Finally, systemic treatment with an AAV9-transduced anti-HTT miRNA gene restored many molecular abnormalities observed in HD animal hearts. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These studies suggest that mutant HTT is not sufficient to cause heart failure. Additionally, mTORC1 activity may be impaired by cardiac expression of mutant HTT through as yet unknown cellular mechanisms, and may contribute to decreased heart mass. These findings have implications for the ability of the heart to respond to stress, and may help explain the mortality from heart disease in HD patients.
Update of the S2k guideline on the management of IgE-mediated food allergies (2021)

Not available.
Dopant Redistribution and Activation in Ga Ion-Implanted High Ge Content SiGe by Explosive Crystallization during UV Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Annealing (2021)

Explosive crystallization (EC) is often observed when using nanosecond-pulsed melt laser annealing (MLA) in amorphous silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge). The solidification velocity in EC is so fast that a diffusion-less crystallization can be expected. In the contacts of advanced transistors, the active level at the metal/semiconductor Schottky interface must be very high to achieve a sub-10 −9 ohm·cm 2 contact resistivity, which has been already demonstrated by using the dopant surface segregation induced by MLA. However, the beneficial layer of a few nanometers at the surface may be easily consumed during subsequent contact cleaning and metallization. EC helps to address such kind of process integration issues, enabling the optimal positioning of the peak of the dopant chemical profile. However, there is a lack of experimental studies of EC in heavily-doped semiconductor materials. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, dopant activation by EC has never been experimentally reported. In this paper, we present dopant redistribution and activation by an EC process induced by UV nanosecond-pulsed MLA in heavily gallium (Ga) ion-implanted high Ge content SiGe. Based on the obtained results, we also highlight potential issues of integrating EC into real device fabrication processes and discuss how to manage them.
Left Ventricle Segmentation in LGE-MRI: Filter Based vs. Learning Based (2018)

Ischaemic heart disease is the number one cause of death world wide, which is in close relation with heart failure. If patients suffer from drug-refractory heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, cardiac resynchronization therapy is a treatment option. For planning the procedure, precise information about the left ventricle's anatomy and scar distribution is required. The clinical gold standard to visualize scar is late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI). The challenge arises in the myocardium segmentation of these sequences which is a pre-requisite for an accurate scar quantification. In this work, we compare a filter based approach against a learning based approach for LGE-MRI segmentation. For both approaches the segmentation workflow consists of four major steps. First, the left ventricle is detected. Second, the blood pool is estimated. Third, the endocardium is refined using scar information. Fourth, the epicardium is extracted.The proposed methods were evaluated on 100 clinical LGE-MRI data sets. For the learning based approach a 5-fold nested cross-validation is applied to evaluate the hyper-parameters. The learning based segmentation achieves slightly better results, with a Dice score of 0.82 ± 0.09 for the endocard and 0.81 ± 0.08 for the epicard.
Identification of a Novel Estrogen-Regulated Gene, <i>EIG121</i>, Induced by Hormone Replacement Therapy and Differentially Expressed in Type I and Type II Endometrial Cancer (2005)

Our results suggest that EIG121 is a good endometrial biomarker associated with a hyperestrogenic state and estrogen-related type I endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of 1,2,4-triazines. Synthesis of 2,3-cyclopentenopyridines and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolines (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of 1,2,4-triazines. Synthesis of 2,3-cyclopentenopyridines and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolinesEdward C. Taylor, John E. Macor, and Larry G. FrenchCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 5, 1807–1812Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00005a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views868Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (861 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts