gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth on Differently Oriented Sidewalls of SiC Mesas As a Way of Achieving Well-Aligned SiC Nanowires (2012)

Several different growth directions of SiC nanowires (NWs) determined by the substrate surface crystallographic orientation were achieved by conducting vapor–liquid–solid growth on the top surfaces and the sidewalls of the 4H-SiC mesas. When substrate-dependent (i.e., epitaxial) growth was ensured, six possible crystallographic orientations of 3C-SiC NW axis with respect to the 4H-SiC substrate were realized. They all were at 20° with respect to the substrate c plane, and their projections on the c plane corresponded to one of the six equivalent ⟨101̅0⟩ crystallographic directions. All six orientations were obtained simultaneously when growing on the (0001) top surface of the 4H-SiC wafer or on the mesa tops. In contrast, no more than two NW orientations coexisted when grown on any particular crystallographic plane of a mesa sidewall. In particular, the {101̅0} mesa sidewall plane resulted in only one NW orientation, thereby producing well-aligned NW arrays desirable for device applications.
Phylogenetic comparison of bacteria isolated from the honey stomachs of honey bees<i>Apis mellifera</i>and bumble bees<i>Bombus</i>spp. (2009)

SummaryIt has recently been discovered that the honey bee Apis mellifera has a large flora of symbiotic lactic acid bacteria in its honey stomach, belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. It appears that the flora may protect the honey bees, their larvae and their food against harmful microorganisms. Since bumble bees (Bombus spp.) are related to honey bees and have a honey stomach where they store nectar during their flight we investigated whether their honey stomachs also contain symbiotic lactic acid bacteria. Bacterial isolates cultivated from both the surface and from the honey stomachs of bumble bees were identified using 16S rRNA gene analyzes. The results showed that bumble bees also possess lactic acid bacteria in their honey stomachs but in fewer phylotypes and only belonging to the genus Lactobacillus. In contrast to honey bees, bumble bees do not produce honey or bee bread but feed their larvae directly with nectar and pollen, and their society does not survive the winter in temperate climates. It was therefore concluded that bumble bees have less need than honey bees of an extensive lactic acid bacterial flora.
Seizures and the regulation of neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide gene expression in brain. (1991)

Seizure-induced plasticity, in the form of either changes in cellular morphology or changes in neurochemistry, could have a profound impact upon regional excitability in brain. There is now ample evidence that in genetically 'normal' animals, seizure activity stimulates alterations in neuronal gene expression which could lead to changes in levels of excitability and, hence, to changes in the susceptibility for further seizures. Here we describe the influence of limbic seizures upon the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), 2 related neurotrophic factors, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3), and several neuropeptides (enkephalin, dynorphin, and neuropeptide Y) in the rat forebrain. Using 35S-labeled riboprobes and in situ hybridization methods, the effects of recurrent limbic seizures and of individual hippocampal paroxysmal discharges have been evaluated. Recurrent seizures are found to increase levels of mRNAs for NGF and BDNF and to decrease levels of mRNA for NT3 within select hippocampal neurons. Temporally distinct increases in the expression of mRNAs for NGF and BDNF are also observed across broad fields of neocortex, paleocortex (entorhinal, piriform, and cingulate cortices), and the amygdala. As little as one 20-sec paroxysmal discharge is sufficient to stimulate large changes in neurotrophic factor mRNA content of hippocampal neurons. The time courses and cellular specificities of these alterations in neurotrophic factor expression are discussed and contrasted with seizure-induced changes in neuropeptide expression. Mechanisms by which seizure-induced increases in hippocampal neuropeptide and neurotrophic factor synthesis could lead to both short- and long-term changes in regional excitability, and thereby could contribute to susceptibility for further seizure activity, are considered.
M<sup>2</sup>sensor for the adaptive optical system (2002)

When an adaptive optical system is applied for laser beam control it is very important to know the beam parameters such as beam width, divergence angle, beam quality factor M<SUP>2</SUP>, etc., before and after correction. That is why the sensor making such estimations should be included in any laser adaptive optical system. This paper describes the sensor design, possibilities, the principle of measurements, and its place in the whole adaptive optical system.
Rapid Identification of Medium- to Large-Scale Interdomain Motion in Modular Proteins Using Dipolar Couplings (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRapid Identification of Medium- to Large-Scale Interdomain Motion in Modular Proteins Using Dipolar CouplingsDemetrios T. Braddock, Mengli Cai, James L. Baber, Ying Huang, and G. Marius CloreView Author Information Laboratories of Chemical Physics and Molecular Biology National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 35, 8634–8635Publication Date (Web):August 9, 2001Publication History Received21 May 2001Revised26 July 2001Published online9 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja016234fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja016234frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © Not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Coupling reactions,Liquid crystals,Liquids,Peptides and proteins,Sequence alignment Get e-Alerts
Mortality and Duration of Hemodialysis Treatment-Reply (1991)

In Reply.— Qureshi's letter raises the issue of dialysis time per week as well as per session, given that not all patients undergo dialysis three times a week. Our data could not control for actual perweek durations. Still, dialysis other than three times a week is rare ( 5 More important, the data indicate that patients in each of our treatment-time groupings (short, conventional, and long) typically received similar numbers of treatments per week. Specifically, the means and medians of Medicare dialysis payments per period are almost identical across the groups, and payment closely correlates with the number of treatments in our data, given that the composite rate is prospectively fixed per treatment. Dialysis is provided by physician prescription. If a prescription or its fulfillment is inadequate, the only person who can change that is the patient's physician. The complex relationship between the attending nephrologist and facility management requires further
An Energy Efficient Pre-Schedule Scheme for Hybrid CSMA/TDMA MAC in Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel local framing preschedule scheme to improve energy saving in CSMA/TDMA hybrid MAC layer of wireless sensor network. This MAC combines CSMA and TDMA functionalities together, while obviates their shortcomings. Usually, in a hybrid CSMA/TDMA MAC such as ZMAC, all the receivers have to perform low power listening all the time to wait for in-coming data. Although low power listening scheme can achieve energy saving by reducing idle listening to some extent, it is much more beneficial with a scheme to smartly turn off the radio when the receiver does not receive any data. By introducing preschedule slot, all the nodes will know the neighbors' behavior in the upcoming slots. After the time slot assignment, senders advertise their traffic schedules to let neighbor nodes know which one will receive data, and what the amount of the data is. Since each node knows exactly the schedule of other neighbor nodes, it can sleep smartly when it has received all the data and does not have other task during this round. Our simulations have shown that such scheme of local framing pre-schedule has achieved much higher energy efficiency than other proposed hybrid CSMA/TDMA MAC's such as Z-MAC.
Do Corticosteroid Receptor mRNA Levels Predict the Expression of Their Target Genes? (2022)

The glucocorticoid stress hormones affect brain function via high-affinity mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and lower-affinity glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). MR and GR not only differ in affinity for ligands, but also have distinct, sometimes opposite, actions on neuronal excitability and other cellular and higher-order parameters related to cerebral function. GR and MR messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are often used as a proxy for the responsiveness to glucocorticoids, assuming proportionality between mRNA and protein levels. This may be especially relevant for the MR, which because of its high affinity is already largely occupied at low basal (trough) hormone levels. Here we explore how GR and MR mRNA levels are associated with the expression of a shared target gene, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ, coded by <i>Tsc22d3</i>) with basal and elevated levels of corticosterone in male mice, using in situ hybridization. Depending on the hippocampal subfield and the corticosterone levels, mRNA levels of MR rather than GR mostly correlated with GILZ mRNA in the hippocampus and hypothalamus at the bulk tissue level. At the individual cell level, these correlations were much weaker. Using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data, we again observed that MR and GR mRNA levels were only weakly correlated with target gene expression in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. We conclude that MR mRNA levels can be limiting for receptor action, but many other cell-specific and region-specific factors ultimately determine corticosteroid receptor action. Altogether, our results argue for caution while interpreting the consequences of changed receptor expression for the response to glucocorticoids.
Chapter 14. Bioactive Glasses in Infection Treatment (2016)

Bone infection, whether acute or chronic, is a difficult-to-treat condition that may result from a large number of pathogens, often including multi-resistant strains. Bioactive glass S53P4 (BAG-S53P4) has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth and bacterial biofilm formation in vitro. The bacterial growth-inhibiting properties of BAG-S53P4 stem partly from the release of ions (sodium, calcium, phosphate, and silicate) in aqueous conditions and the elevation of pH and osmotic pressure in the environment. The use of BAG-S53P4 in head and neck surgery to treat chronically infected sinus and mastoid cavities has shown excellent results. More recently, investigations of the use of BAG-S53P4 in treating chronic bone infections in orthopaedics and trauma have also yielded promising results. To date, bioactive glass is the only medical device specifically approved for the treatment of bone defects in osteomyelitis without requiring the application of local antibiotics.
Development of an Efficient Enzyme Production and Structure-Based Discovery Platform for BACE1 Inhibitors (2019)

BACE1 (Beta-site Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Cleaving Enzyme 1) is a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, efficient expression, purification, and crystallization systems are not well described or detailed in the literature nor are approaches for treatment of enzyme kinetic data for potent inhibitors well described. We therefore developed a platform for expression and purification of BACE1, including protein refolding from <i>E.coli</i> inclusion bodies, in addition to optimizing a reproducible crystallization procedure of BACE1 bound with inhibitors. We also report a detailed approach to the proper analysis of enzyme kinetic data for compounds that exhibit either rapid-equilibrium or tight-binding mechanisms. Our methods allow for the purification of ∼15 mg of BACE1 enzyme from 1 L of culture which is higher than reported yields in the current literature. To evaluate the data analysis approach developed here, a well-known potent inhibitor and two of its derivatives were tested, analyzed, and compared. The inhibitory constants (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub>) obtained from the kinetic studies are in agreement with dissociation constants (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) that were also determined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments. The X-ray structures of these three compounds in complex with BACE1 were readily obtained and provide important insight into the structure and thermodynamics of the BACE1-inhibitor interactions.
Acoustic fingerprints of photoacoustic contrast agents for molecular imaging (2007)

Protein nanospheres capable of frequency controlled oscillation in response to laser stimulation are presented as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging. Incident laser energy absorbed by dye-labeled protein nanospheres causes thermoelastically generated sound production. Plotted A-line graphs reveal a distinctive morphology and greater than 2 orders of magnitude increase in signal amplitude subsequent to converting labeled proteins into nanospheres. Evidence of nonlinearity and enhancement of ultrasound backscatter indicate a potential use in contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging. Photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging of protein nanospheres in phantom vessels show enhanced contrast at low concentration and clear delineation of the phantom vessel wall.
Occupational risk prevention, education and support in black, Asian and ethnic minority health worker in the COVID-19 pandemic (2020)

The onset of the COVID-19 in the UK has resulted in an inordinate amount of deaths affecting Black, Asian and Ethnic Minority (BAME) healthcare workers. The occupational risk to this group is thought to be a contributory factor, but other factors include race, genetics, medical co-morbidities, socio-economic status, and access to personal protection equipment. Why COVID-19 appears to be more deadly in BAME members remains unknown, but the UK government is investigating this now. It does appear that certain factors may worsen the disease process in BAME members, but which ones are pertinent to prevention remain to be determined, until a vaccine is available. Thus, the onus should rest on risk prevention, education, and support for all. Some of the safety strategies that may be instituted to help guide those in the workplace include education, treating potential therapeutic targets and ensuring protection in the working environment. The consideration of a compensation scheme, for families of healthcare workers that have suffered because of COVID-19, would go some way to support the recovery process.
Toxicological Assessments of a Pandemic COVID-19 Vaccine—Demonstrating the Suitability of a Platform Approach for mRNA Vaccines (2023)

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019 required the swift development of a vaccine to address the pandemic. Nonclinical GLP-compliant studies in Wistar Han rats were initiated to assess the local tolerance, systemic toxicity, and immune response to four mRNA vaccine candidates encoding immunogens derived from the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Vaccine candidates were administered intramuscularly once weekly for three doses at 30 and/or 100 µg followed by a 3-week recovery period. Clinical pathology findings included higher white blood cell counts and acute phase reactant concentrations, lower platelet and reticulocyte counts, and lower RBC parameters. Microscopically, there was increased cellularity (lymphocytes) in the lymph nodes and spleen, increased hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and spleen, acute inflammation and edema at the injection site, and minimal hepatocellular vacuolation. These findings were generally attributed to the anticipated immune and inflammatory responses to the vaccines, except for hepatocyte vacuolation, which was interpreted to reflect hepatocyte LNP lipid uptake, was similar between candidates and resolved or partially recovered at the end of the recovery phase. These studies demonstrated safety and tolerability in rats, supporting SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccine clinical development.
ITK implementation of deformable registration methods for time-varying (4D) imaging data (2006)

Dynamic or 4D images (in which a section of the body is repeatedly imaged in order to capture physiological motion) are becoming increasingly important in medicine. These images are especially critical to the field of image-guided therapy, because they enable treatment planning that reflects the realistic motion of the therapy target. Although it is possible to acquire static images and deform them based on generalized assumptions of normal motion, such an approach does not account for variability in the individual patient. To enable the most effective treatments, it is necessary to be able to image each patient and characterize their unique respiratory motion, but software specifically designed around the needs of 4D imaging is not widely available. We have constructed an open source application that allows a user to manipulate and analyze 4D image data. This interface can load DICOM images into memory, reorder/rebin them if necessary, and then apply deformable registration methods to derive the respiratory motion. The interface allows output and display of the deformation field, display of images with the deformation field as an overlay, and tables and graphs of motion versus time. The registration is based on the open source Insight Toolkit (ITK) and the interface is constructed using the open source GUI tool FLTK, which will make it easy to distribute and extend this software in the future.
N° 26 — GEORGES Guy (1995)

Georges Guy, Bonnard Jean-Baptiste, Mignaval Pierre. N° 26 — GEORGES Guy. In: Témoins et acteurs des politiques de l'éducation depuis la Libération. Tome 1 - Inventaire de cinquante entretiens. Paris : Institut national de recherche pédagogique, 1995. pp. 93-94. (Témoins et acteurs des politiques de l'éducation, 1)
Coordinated design of active and reactive power modulation auxiliary loops of wind turbine generators for oscillation damping in power systems (2015)

The ability of modern wind turbine generators (WTGs) to rapidly and independently control active and reactive power outputs makes them attractive for the purpose of oscillation damping in power systems through P and Q modulation auxiliary loops. However, the problem of coordination and interaction of P and Q control loops emerges. The paper proposes a methodology for coordinated design of active and reactive power modulation loops of wind turbine generators. The method is based on a nonlinear constrained optimization approach with a properly chosen modal performance index as an objective function. The coordinated design is validated on the two-area benchmark system with a wind farm (WF) of significant capacity. The advantage of the control loops coordination approach is demonstrated through separate and simultaneous tuning of both controllers. Results show substantial improvement in damping low frequency inter-area mode, as well as proper coordination achieved between P an Q loops through the proposed methodology.
Species Difference among Experimental Rodents in the Activity and Induction of Cytochrome P‐450 Isozymes for Mutagenic Activation of Carcinogenic Aromatic Amines (1990)

The expressions of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes in male rats, mice, hamsters and guinea pigs were studied comparatively with or without an ip injection of a cytochrome P-450 inducer. The activity and quantity of microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes were determined respectively by a bacterial mutation assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and immunochemical assays using monoclonal antibodies against rat cytochrome P-450 isozymes. 3-Methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (3-MeO-AAB), 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole acetate (MeA alpha C) and 3-methylcholanthrene were used as cytochrome P-450 inducers, and 7 carcinogenic aromatic amines including 3-MeO-AAB and MeA alpha C were used as substrates for the mutation assay. By means of these assays, we examined the species differences among rodents in the activity and induction rate of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozymes responsible for the mutagenic activation of carcinogenic aromatic amines.
Extraction, Characterization and Incorporation of Hypericum scruglii Extract in Ad Hoc Formulated Phospholipid Vesicles Designed for the Treatment of Skin Diseases Connected with Oxidative Stress (2020)

An extract of <i>Hypericum scruglii,</i> an endangered endemic plant of Sardinia (Italy), was prepared and characterized. It was loaded in special phospholipid vesicles, glycerosomes, which were modified by adding maltodextrin (glucidex) and a polymer (gelatin or hyaluronan). The corresponding liposomes were also prepared and used as reference. The vesicles disclosed suitable physicochemical features for skin delivery. Indeed, their mean diameter ranged from 120 to 160 nm, they were homogeneously dispersed (polydispersity index ≤ 0.30), and their zeta potential was highly negative (~-45 mV). The vesicle dispersions maintained unchanged characteristics during 60 days of storage, were highly biocompatible, and were able to protect keratinocytes against damages due to oxidative stress induced by treating them with hydrogen peroxide. Vesicles were also capable of promoting cell proliferation and migration in vitro by means of a scratch wound assay. The results confirmed the fruitful delivery of the extract of <i>H. scruglii</i> in glycerosomes modified with glucidex and gelatin and their promising ability for skin protection and treatment.
Nonlocal transport mediated by spin supercurrents (2014)

In thin-film ferromagnets with perfect easy-plane anisotropy, the component of total spin perpendicular to the easy plane is a good quantum number and the corresponding spin supercurrent can flow without dissipation. Here we explain how spin supercurrents couple spatially remote spin-mixing vertical transport channels, even when easy-plane anisotropy is imperfect, and discuss the possibility that this effect can be used to fabricate new types of electronic devices.