gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilité biologique et stérilité des facteurs anti-hémophiliques dans la pompe à perfusion CADD PRIZM VIP™ : étude préliminaire (2001)

Les facteurs anti-hemophiliques (FAH) sont administres en injection discontinue ou en perfusion continue afin de prevenir ou de traiter les accidents hemorragiques. L'interet de cette derniere modalite d'administration serait de permettre une diminution notable de la quantite de FAH perfusee pour une efficacite clinique comparable. Cependant, les donnees de stabilite biologique mises a disposition par les laboratoires pharmaceutiques ne sont theoriquement pas compatibles avec l'emploi de la perfusion continue pendant plusieurs jours, contrairement aux donnees exposees dans la litterature. Une etude preliminaire a ete realisee dans le but de tester la stabilite biologique et la sterilite des preparations injectables de FAH, dans la pompe a perfusion CADD PRIZM. La stabilite biologique des FAH a ete evaluee par la mesure de l'activite coagulante pendant 96 h. Un essai de sterilite a ete realise a T0 et T 96 h, pour chaque FAH teste. Les resultats montrent que l'ensemble des FAH testes ont une activite biologique stable au cours du temps et presentent des conditions de sterilite optimale dans la pompe a perfusion CADD PRIZM. Bien que preliminaires, ces resultats nous permettent de valider notre organisation medico-pharmaceutique mise en place dans notre hopital pour la prise en charge des patients hemophiles en situation post-chirurgicale ou lors d'un traitement hemorragique grave necessitant la mise en place d'une perfusion continue.
Imaging the Three-Dimensional Fermi-Surface Pairing near the Hidden-Order Transition in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>URu</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Using Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (2013)

We report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments probing deep into the hidden-order state of URu(2)Si(2), utilizing tunable photon energies with sufficient energy and momentum resolution to detect the near Fermi-surface (FS) behavior. Our results reveal (i) the full itinerancy of the 5f electrons, (ii) the crucial three-dimensional k-space nature of the FS and its critical nesting vectors, in good comparison with density-functional theory calculations, and (iii) the existence of hot-spot lines and pairing of states at the FS, leading to FS gapping in the hidden-order phase.
Engineering kinetics of TLR7/8 agonist release from bottlebrush prodrugs enables tumor-focused immune stimulation (2023)

Imidazoquinolines (IMDs), such as resiquimod (R848), are of great interest as potential cancer immunotherapies because of their ability to activate Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and/or TLR8 on innate immune cells. Nevertheless, intravenous administration of IMDs causes severe immune-related toxicities, and attempts to improve their tissue-selective exposure while minimizing acute systemic inflammation have proven difficult. Here, using a library of R848 "bottlebrush prodrugs" (BPDs) that differ only by their R848 release kinetics, we explore how the timing of R848 exposure affects immune stimulation in vitro and in vivo. These studies led to the discovery of R848-BPDs that exhibit optimal activation kinetics to achieve potent stimulation of myeloid cells in tumors and substantial reductions in tumor growth following systemic administration in mouse syngeneic tumor models without any observable systemic toxicity. These results suggest that release kinetics can be tuned at the molecular level to provide safe yet effective systemically administered immunostimulant prodrugs for next-generation cancer immunotherapies.
Using Otsu's Method for Image Segmentation to Determine the Particle Density, Surface Coverage and Cluster Size Distribution of 3 nm Si Nanoparticles (2021)

The deposition techniques of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) have been widely researched because of the plethora of promising applications. An accurate calculation of the nanoparticle density is of paramount significance for the understanding of device performance. In this work, we statistically evaluate the deposition of 3 nm Si-NPs via spin coating and drop casting. We image the Si-NP samples using optical microscopy combined with ultra-violet illumination, under which they exhibit red photoluminescence. We then perform image segmentation through a computer vision technique, particularly Otsus method, which works by detecting an automatic threshold value to segment the micrograph into its foreground (Si-NPs) and background (substrate). Finally, we utilize a counting algorithm to determine the particle density, surface coverage and cluster size distribution (CSD) on each sample, and hence evaluate the outcome of the two deposition techniques. For spin coating, the effect of drop volume (from 505 L to 2505 L) at constant speed, and the effect of spin speed (100, 300, 400 and 500 RPM) are both investigated while for drop casting, drop volumes of 100, 300 and 500 L were examined. It was found that the nanoparticle cluster density increases with increasing volume until 300 L while increasing the spin speed decreases the cluster of NPs deposited but results in higher uniformity of particle distribution. For spin coating, the highest cluster density recorded was 410<sup>6</sup> particles/cm<sup>2</sup> for the sample with 1005 L at a speed of 400 RPM while for drop casting it was 8.7510<sup>6</sup> particles/cm<sup>2</sup> at a volume of 300 L. Moreover, the relation between particle density, size distribution and the deposition techniques is discussed in terms of the strong centrifugal force the particles experience during spin coating compared to drop casting, as well as the interdependency of bonding of the Si-NPs with the solvent molecules on the deposition efficiency.
Assembly of a magnetic polyoxometalate on SWNTs (2009)

Recently, the organisation of magnetic molecules on carbon nanotubes has raised much interest due to their possible interesting contribution to molecular spintronics. In this paper, we describe the assembly on SWNTs of a magnetic polyoxometalate encompassing a single cobalt ion (CoPOM) and its isostructural diamagnetic zinc analogue (ZnPOM). The simple magnetic behaviour of CoPOM and the availability of its diamagnetic counterpart render these POM@NTs systems interesting model compounds for the study of molecular electronics devices based on carbon nanotubes and magnetic molecules. The success and rate of the grafting have been investigated by electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, Raman scattering and magnetisation measurements. These characterisations altogether demonstrate the preservation of the structural and magnetic properties of the molecules upon functionalisation and the existence of an electronic communication between the molecules and the nanotubes.
<i>Update:</i> Turning the Heat on Cancer (2008)

The promise of hyperthermia has yet to be realized, but the fundamental idea and the effects of heat on (cancer) cells are well known. Cell death from exposure to heat is a function of both the intensity of the heat and the length of the exposure. Cells die by necrosis and by apoptosis. Sublethal heat doses sensitize cancer cells to radiation and drugs. Because of advances in chemistry and physics, harnessing the power of heat to kill cancer cells seems achievable now! Using novel systems embodied in the combination of molecular-targeted nanoparticles and hysteretic heating of the nanoparticles with "focused" alternating magnetic frequencies (AMFs), heat delivery can be better controlled. Importantly, hyperthermia does not damage, and may actually enhance, the immune system. Trials in patients are needed to settle the clinical role of new thermal treatment.
Absolute SILAC-Compatible Expression Strain Allows Sumo-2 Copy Number Determination in Clinical Samples (2011)

Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a vital tool in modern life science research. In contrast to the popularity of approaches for relative protein quantitation, the widespread use of absolute quantitation has been hampered by inefficient and expensive production of labeled protein standards. To optimize production of isotopically labeled standards, we genetically modified a commonly employed protein expression Escherichia coli strain, BL21 (DE3), to construct an auxotroph for arginine and lysine. This bacterial strain allows low-cost, high-level expression of fully labeled proteins with no conversion of labeled arginine to proline. In combination with a fluorescence-based quantitation of standards and nontargeted LC-MS/MS analysis of unfractionated total cell lysates, this strain was used to determine the copy number of a post-translational modifier, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO-2), in HeLa, human sperm, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. By streamlining and improving the generation of labeled standards, this production system increases the breadth of absolute quantitation by mass spectrometry and will facilitate a far wider uptake of this important technique than previously possible.
Optical properties of diamond at pressures of the center of Earth (1990)

The optical properties of type Ia natural diamond were investigated to 364±9 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. The pressures were measured by x-ray diffraction on tungsten sample using a synchrotron x-ray source. The secondary absorption edge of diamond decreased from its ambient value of 3.7 to 2.5 eV at 364 GPa. The visible diamond luminescence at pressures above 300 GPa is different from the characteristic red luminescence of type Ib synthetic diamond. These are the first optical and structural observations at calibrated static pressures exceeding the pressure at the center of Earth.
Chiral Tertiary Sulfonium Salts as Effective Catalysts for Asymmetric Base‐Free Neutral Phase‐Transfer Reactions (2017)

Although chiral quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts are commonly used for asymmetric organocatalysis, the catalytic ability of chiral tertiary sulfonium salts has yet to be demonstrated in asymmetric synthesis. Herein, we show that chiral bifunctional trialkylsulfonium salts catalyze highly enantioselective conjugate additions of 3-substituted oxindoles to maleimides under base-free neutral phase-transfer conditions.
An Air Bearing Slider for Small Diameter Disk Storage Devices (1992)

The authors propose a novel slider design. The tri-pad slider has three separate air bearing surfaces, one in the front of the slider and the other two in the back of the slider. This design permits the optimization of the air bearing stiffness and flying attitude without changing the minimum flying height. It can minimize the effect of skew angle on the flying height, and offers ample room for a larger size thin film head element. Samples were fabricated and flying characteristics at several velocities, as well as the dynamic flying stability, were investigated.
Table S3 from Identification of Recurrent &lt;i&gt;FGFR3–TACC3&lt;/i&gt; Fusion Oncogenes from Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S3. Specific mutations identified in HER2, KRAS and BRAF genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Donor-related levels in GaAs and Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As (1991)

It is now widely accepted that DX levels in n-type AlxGa1-xAs are ground states of isolated substitutional donors in distorted configurations which are stabilized by trapping two electrons. The leading model is that the distortion occurs when the group IV donor substituted on a group III lattice site, moves along a <111> axis towards an interstitial site. In the case of a group VI donor which substitutes on a group V lattice site, one of the group III neighbours moves toward the interstitial site. Recent work suggests that localized excited states of both donor configurations play an important role in electron transitions between DX levels and the conduction band. The research leading to this view of substitutional donors is reviewed. Some implications of this model for technological applications of AlxGa1-xAs and related alloys are discussed.
Ponytails: Structural and Electronic Considerations (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Structural Aspects of Ponytails NMR Characterization of Ponytails Electronic Effects: Introduction Electronic Effects: IR Data Electronic Effects: Gas Phase Ionization Data Electronic Effects: Calorimetry Electronic Effects: Solution Equilibria Electronic Effects: Computational Data Electronic Effects: Reactivity Electronic Effects: Additional Probes Electronic Effects: Conclusions
Different approaches to labelling parasitoids using strontium (2001)

Abstract Labelling parasitoids with trace elements is a potentially powerful technique for studying dispersal and trophic interactions in these usually small insects. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of different methods for trace element labelling of the hymenopteran parasitoid Cotesia glomerata . We concentrated on Sr as a marker and in some relevant aspects also compared its labelling efficiency to that of Rb, which is the trace element commonly used to label insects. Laboratory‐reared wasps had a mean background level of 0.43±0.26 (SD) μg g −1 for strontium (Sr) and 0.51±0.25 (SD) μg g −1 for rubidium (Rb), which was much lower than that for seven other common trace elements (i.e. B, Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn). Cotesia glomerata could be effectively labelled with Sr by: (1) feeding adults on sucrose solution spiked with Sr; (2) rearing larvae from Pieris brassicae fed the cabbage plant ( Brassica oleracea ) soil‐drenched with aqueous Sr; or (3) feeding adults on extrafloral nectar from a plant ( Vicia faba ) soil‐drenched with aqueous Sr. Although Sr content in labelled wasps varied with the concentration and the method applied, it did not decline significantly with age. Labelled wasps could be unequivocally distinguished from unlabelled counterparts even 16 days after they were denied access to the Sr‐enriched food sources. Labelling with Sr did not seem to have any negative effect on the parasitoid fitness. Thus, Sr is an ideal internal marker to label C. glomerata and other hymenopteran parasitoids for investigations of bi‐ and tri‐trophic interactions.
Huperzine a as a pretreatment candidate drug against nerve agent toxicity. (Reannouncement with new availability information) (1994)

Huperzine A (HUP) is a naturally-occurring, potent, reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that crosses the blood-brain barrier. To examine its ability to protect against nerve agent poisoning, HUP was administered i.p. to mice, and the s.c. LD50 of soman was determined at various time intervals after pretreatment. Results were compared to those obtained for animals treated with physostigmine. A protective ratio of approximately 2 was maintained for at least 6 hr after a single injection of HUP, without the need for any post-challenge drug therapy. By contrast, pretreatment with physostigmine increased the LD50 of soman by 1.4- to 1.5-fold for only up to 90 min. The long-lasting antidotal efficacy displayed by HUP correlated with the time course of the blood-AChE inhibition. The results suggest that the protection of animals by HUP from soman poisoning was achieved by temporarily sequestering the active site region of the physiologically important AChE.
Thickness-Driven Quantum Anomalous Hall Phase Transition in Magnetic Topological Insulator Thin Films (2021)

The quantized version of anomalous Hall effect realized in magnetic topological insulators (MTIs) has great potential for the development of topological quantum physics and low-power electronic/spintronic applications. To enable dissipationless chiral edge conduction at zero magnetic field, effective exchange field arisen from the aligned magnetic dopants needs to be large enough to yield specific spin sub-band configurations. Here we report the thickness-tailored quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 thin films by tuning the system across the two-dimensional (2D) limit. In addition to the Chern number-related metal-to-insulator QAH phase transition, we also demonstrate that the induced hybridization gap plays an indispensable role in determining the ground magnetic state of the MTIs, namely the spontaneous magnetization owning to considerable Van Vleck spin susceptibility guarantees the zero-field QAH state with unitary scaling law in thick samples, while the quantization of the Hall conductance can only be achieved with the assistance of external magnetic fields in ultra-thin films. The modulation of topology and magnetism through structural engineering may provide a useful guidance for the pursuit of QAH-based new phase diagrams and functionalities.
Identification of an infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain exhibiting a classical genotype but altered antigenicity, pathogenicity, and innate immunity profile (2016)

Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Pathogenic IBV 3575/08 was isolated from broilers vaccinated with the attenuated viral vaccine derived from a Taiwan strain 2575/98. In this study, extensive investigations were conducted on the genome sequences, antigenicity, pathogenicity, and host immune responses of several IBV strains in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Sequence analyses revealed that 3575/08 and 2575/98 shared high homology in their structural genes, but not in non-structural accessory proteins such as 3a, 3b and 5b. Despite a high degree of homology in their spike protein genes, cross neutralization test showed low cross protection between 3575/08 and 2575/98, suggesting distinct antigenicity for the two strains. Animal challenge experiments exhibited strong respiratory and renal pathogenicity for 3575/08. In addition, early and prolonged viral shedding and rapid viral dissemination were observed. Immune gene expression profiling by PCR array showed chickens infected with 3575/08 had delayed expression of a subset of early innate immune genes, whereas chickens infected with the wild-type or attenuated-type 2575/08 revealed quick gene induction and efficient virus control. In summary, this study reveals a new IBV strain, which harbors a known local genotype but displays remarkably altered antigenicity, pathogenicity and host defenses.
Associations of Source-Specific Fine Particulate Matter With Emergency Department Visits in California (2016)

While many studies have investigated the health effects associated with acute exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5)), very few have considered the risks of specific sources of PM2.5 We used city-specific source apportionment in 8 major metropolitan areas in California from 2005-2009 to examine the associations of source-specific PM2.5 exposures from vehicular emissions, biomass burning, soil, and secondary nitrate and sulfate sources with emergency department visits (EDVs) for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including 7 subclasses. Using a case-crossover analysis, we observed associations of vehicular emissions with all cardiovascular EDVs (excess risk = 1.6%, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 2.4 for an interquartile-range increment of 2.8 µg/m(3)) and with several subclasses of disease. In addition, vehicular emissions, biomass burning, and soil sources were associated with all respiratory EDVs and with EDVs for asthma. The soil source, which includes resuspended road dust, generated the highest risk estimate for asthma (excess risk = 4.5%, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 8.0). Overall, our results provide additional evidence of the public health consequences of exposure to specific sources of PM2.5 and indicate that some sources of PM2.5 may pose higher risks than the overall PM2.5 mass.
Chapter 11. Palladium-based Membranes in Hydrogen Production (2011)

Hydrogen is one of the most important chemicals used in industry today. In addition, hydrogen is prospected as an energy carrier for the future, since the energy contained in the molecule can be efficiently converted to electric energy in fuel cells for different applications. Different requirements exist to hydrogen purity or hydrogen gas mixture composition, depending on the application, and different separation technologies are therefore applied. Membranes with good permeation properties and high selectivity to hydrogen have been identified to represent potential production technology to give efficiency improvement and cost reduction, provided they have sufficiently high reliability and low cost. Pd and certain Pd alloy compositions are known to easily absorb and diffuse hydrogen in the solid matrix, and can hence be applied in membrane separation with 100 % selectivity. So far, few commercial applications have emerged due to cost and/or performance of the existing membranes, but continuous improvements have been made over more than 40 years of research and development.This chapter will give a review on the recent progress made in the Pd-based membrane and membrane reactor development, and describe applications in various hydrogen production processes. The intention is to give the reader insight about the status and to pin-point some trends and main challenges related to Pd-based membranes for hydrogen production.
A feasibility study of predictable and unpredictable surf-like sounds for tinnitus therapy using personal music players (2018)

Unpredictable surf-like sounds played using a PMP is a feasible tinnitus treatment. Further work is required to improve the acceptance of the sound and ease of PMP use.
Structure and Function of the Erythrocyte Receptor CD2 on Human T Lymphocytes: A Review (1988)

The human CD2 molecule is a 50kd surface glycoprotein expressed on greater than 95% of thymocytes and all peripheral T lymphocytes which mediates both adhesion between T cells and their targets, and subsequent T cell activation events. Molecular cloning of human CD2 cDNAs predicts a mature CD2 protein of 327 amino acids, with an extracellular segment of 185 amino acids, a transmembrane domain of 24 amino acids and an intracytoplasmic region of 117 amino acids. Genomic cloning shows that the extracellular segment is encoded by two exons, the transmembrane segment by a single exon and the intracytoplasmic region by a single exon. Expression and biochemical analysis of a soluble extracellular domain CD2 molecule reveal that it expresses native CD2 epitopes and contains a stable 15kd NH2-terminal fragment corresponding to a single exon. Binding analyses of the soluble CD2 molecule indicate that it binds specifically to a known cell-surface ligand for CD2 at a relatively low affinity, thus suggesting that T cell-target adhesion mediated by CD2 and its ligand depends on multimeric attachment between an array of CD2 molecules and their cognate ligands.