gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Programming an SSD Controller to Support Batched Writes for Variable-Size Pages (2021)

Exploiting a storage hierarchy is critical to cost-effective data management. However, most systems are challenged when data is not in cache because of the additional I/O to move data between SSD and main memory. To improve both cost and performance, some systems use a log structured store to write a batch of pages instead of a "block-at-a-time". However, host-based log structuring incurs the additional cost and complexity of garbage collection and recovery, duplicating similar SSD FTL functionality. In prior work, we presented a customized SSD controller implementation for an Open-Channel SSD to enable host computers to write batches of fixed size pages. This current work is a major redesign to support a batched write interface with variable size pages. Variable size pages can enable easy support of data compression and encryption, as well as reducing internal page storage fragmentation, e.g, within a B-tree. Thus it further improves I/O performance while making it easier and more efficient to support these capabilities.
Radio-opacity of fishbones (1989)

Bones are the largest group of foreign bodies found in the air and food passages. Fishbones which lodge in the tonsil can be easily seen and removed relatively easily. Those lodging in the pyriform fossa are well localized by the patient and can usually be seen on mirror examination. It would be useful to know which types of fishbones are radio-opaque and therefore likely to be shown by radiographs when mirror examination is difficult or fails to reveal a foreign body. Therefore a study was undertaken to ascertain the radio-opacity of the bones of ten different species of fish eaten in the British Isles.
Real-World Experience with Dolutegravir-Based Two-Drug Regimens (2020)

Prior to commercial availability of the single-tablet 2DRs, DTG 2DR components were primarily used in treatment-experienced patients for treatment simplification and avoidance of long-term toxicities. Many of these patients achieved and maintained virologic suppression, with low discontinuation rates.
Category-Specific Object Image Denoising (2017)

We present a novel image denoising algorithm that uses external, category specific image database. In contrast to existing noisy image restoration algorithms that search patches either from a generic database or noisy image itself, our method first selects clean images similar to the noisy image from a database that consists of images of the same class. Then, within the spatial locality of each noisy patch, it assembles a set of "support patches" from the selected images. These noisy-free support samples resemble the noisy patch and correspond principally to the identical part of the depicted object. In addition, we employ a content adaptive distribution model for each patch, where we derive the parameters of the distribution from the support patches. We formulate noise removal task as an optimization problem in the transform domain. Our objective function composed of a Gaussian fidelity term that imposes category specific information, and a low-rank term that encourages the similarity between the noisy and the support patches in a robust manner. The denoising process is driven by an iterative selection of support patches and optimization of the objective function. Our extensive experiments on five different object categories confirm the benefit of incorporating category-specific information to noise removal and demonstrate the superior performance of our method over the state-of-the-art alternatives.
An Energy Harvester for Low‐Frequency Electrical Signals (2020)

Generating electricity from low‐frequency mechanical agitations produced by ocean waves, plants, or human motion is emerging as a key, environmentally friendly technology in combating harmful emissions caused by burning fossil fuels. The electric pulses generated by the appropriate transducers, such as triboelectric or piezoelectric generators, have to be rectified and stored in a sustainable external circuit. The bottleneck, however, is the harvesting circuitry, which relies on rather expensive up‐conversion oscillation technologies. Such circuits are primarily designed and optimized for frequencies well above the kHz range, much higher than the aforementioned mechanical stimuli, and are therefore energy demanding. Herein, a sustainable energy harvester is developed that alleviates the need for using up‐conversion and allows efficient harvesting of energy from low‐frequency voltage pulses, such as the ones typically generated by triboelectric or piezoelectric generators. The resonant circuit is designed to match overall response originating from such low‐frequency oscillating energy sources. The design enables the harvester to be operable at frequencies as low as 1 Hz. Computer aided design simulations are demonstrated, which are miniaturized harvesters on a printed‐circuit board using low‐cost components, and scalability of the proposed design is discussed, which paves the way to affordable, efficient, and sustainable low‐cost energy solutions.
General Approach to Relevant History‐Taking and Physical Examination (2016)

Taking a comprehensive history and performing a thorough physical examination are essential to the evaluation and management of patients presenting with a gastrointestinal (GI) complaint. Superb communication skills will support a trusting patient-physician relationship, resulting in better care. This chapter offers strategies for approaching specific complaints, reviews the pertinent features of the physical examination, discusses advancements in medical simulation, and reviews current preventative guidelines applicable to the field of gastroenterology. Diarrhea and constipation can result from alterations in the balance of intestinal secretion, absorption, surface area, bacterial flora, transit time, and neurological and muscular function. The chapter focuses on the abdominal and rectal examination. In addition to mastering the techniques of questioning and the skills of performing a physical examination, attention must be paid to other important factors, including communication skills, professionalism, and appropriate sensitivity to sex-based differences in health and disease, as well as gender-related problems and cultural differences.
Comparison of ion chamber and TLD dosimetry in mammography (1981)

An ionization chamber method has been developed to measure exposure vs depth in a uniform BR 12 "average breast" phantom. It employs a Memorial mammography chamber for exit exposure measurements; resulting data is then corrected for backscatter as well as for the exceptionally thin window of this chamber. A careful comparison has then been made with relative exposure vs depth curves obtained using TLD at several mammography beam qualities, for identical exposure factors and SSD values. Use of a correction for residual and background TL signals significantly improved agreement between TLD and ion chamber curves in the 28 to 35 kVp/0.03 mm Mo range of beam quality. Agreement was within +/- 5% for the Mo target tube, but TLD readings were 4%--8% higher than ion chamber values for the W/Mo target tube. At Xeromammography energies (45 kVp/1.6 mm Al), corrected TLD curve readings were 6% higher at depth than ion chamber curve values. TLD meaurements with 28 to 35 kVp/0.03 mm Mo beams tend to underestimate dosage to the midbreast parenchyma. For example, in a 5 cm "average breast", the underestimation ranges from 2%--10% for corrected, 10%--16% for uncorrected TLD readings.
Variant Cystic Fibrosis Phenotypes in the Absence of<i>CFTR</i>Mutations (2002)

Factors other than mutations in the CFTR gene can produce phenotypes clinically indistinguishable from nonclassic cystic fibrosis caused by CFTR dysfunction.
Characterizing the Bulk &amp; Flow Behaviour of LS Polymer Powders (2013)

The properties of laser sintering (LS) powders affect processability and the quality of parts manufactured. This study compared three different methods used to quantify both the static and dynamic powder properties – a Revolution Powder Analyzer, FT-4 Powder Rheometer and Hausner Ratio. The aim of the work was to identify the most reliable method to characterize powder properties in correlation to the dynamic conditions that occur during LS. The experiments focused on different particle size distributions of a cryogenically ground polyurethane powder compared to a standard polyamide 12 LS material, PA2200. The results have led to a deeper understanding regarding powder interactions and therefore serve as input for material design and quality assurance.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome using treosulfan based compared to other reduced‐intensity or myeloablative conditioning regimens. A report of the chronic malignancies working party of the EBMT (2021)

Allogeneic haematopoietic-cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative therapy for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) is usually associated with lower non-relapse mortality (NRM), higher relapse rate and similar overall-survival (OS) as myeloablative-conditioning (MAC). Fludarabine/treosulfan (FT) is a reduced-toxicity regimen with intense anti-leukaemia activity and a favourable toxicity profile. We investigated post-transplant outcomes in 1722 MDS patients following allo-HCT with FT (n = 367), RIC (n = 687) or MAC (n = 668). FT and RIC recipients were older than MAC recipients, median age 59, 59 and 51 years, respectively (P < 0·001) but other disease characteristics were similar. The median follow-up was 64 months (1-171). Five-year relapse rates were 25% (21-30), 38% (34-42) and 25% (22-29), after FT, RIC and MAC, respectively, (P < 0·001). NRM was 30% (25-35), 27% (23-30) and 34% (31-38, P = 0·008), respectively. Five-year OS was 50% (44-55), 43% (38-47), and 43% (39-47), respectively (P = 0·03). In multivariate analysis, FT was associated with a lower risk of relapse (HR 0·55, P < 0·001) and better OS (HR 0·72, P = 0·01). MAC was associated with higher NRM (HR 1·44, P = 0·001). In conclusion, FT is associated with similar low relapse rates as MAC and similar low NRM as RIC, resulting in improved OS. FT may be the preferred regimen for allo-HCT in MDS.
Structural variations of D–π–A dyes influence on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (2013)

Two new organic D–π–A dyes containing identical π-conjugated spacer and anchoring/acceptor moieties but different donor groups were designed and synthesized. These dyes containing didodecyl-cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) as a spacer, cyanoacrylic acid as an acceptor and N-butyl-carbazole or N-butyl-phenothiazine moieties as electron donor groups are labelled as V4 and V11 dyes, respectively. The variation in the donor group of these two dyes, that influences the photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic parameters, was investigated. The highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 7.5% was obtained with V4 dye at AM 1.5 G full sunlight intensity (100 mWcm−2). Comparison of phenothiazine donor dyes with two different π-conjugated spacers, CPDT (V11) and vinyl thiophene (V7) containing devices shows that the Voc of V7 dye is lower than that of V11 due to the downward shift of the conduction band edge. Transient photovoltage and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed to explain the differences in the PV parameters by varying the donors and/or spacer groups.
Supplementary Table 1 from Biological Roles of the Delta Family Notch Ligand Dll4 in Tumor and Endothelial Cells in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

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Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis by Smear, Culture, and PCR Using Universal Sample Processing Technology (2005)

Definitive and rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is challenging since conventional techniques have limitations. We have developed a universal sample processing (USP) technology for detecting mycobacteria in clinical specimens. In this study, this technology was evaluated blindly on 99 extrapulmonary specimens collected from 87 patients. USP-processed specimens were submitted to smear microscopy for detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB), culture, and two PCR tests targeting devR (Rv3133c) and IS6110 gene sequences. On the basis of clinical characteristics, histology and cytology, conventional microbiology results, and response to antitubercular therapy, 68 patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Although USP smear and culture were significantly superior to conventional microbiology, which was not optimized (P < 0.0001), these approaches fell short of PCR tests (P < 0.0001). The low yields by smear and culture are attributed to the paucibacillary load in the specimens. The highest sensitivity in PCR was achieved when devR and IS6110 test results were combined; the sensitivity and specificity values were 83 and 93.8%, 87.5 and 100%, and 66.7 and 75%, respectively, in pleural fluid, needle-biopsied pleural tissue, and lymph node specimens. In conclusion, the application of USP technology, together with clinicopathological characteristics, promises to improve the accuracy and confidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis.
Averaging of Replicated Pulses for Enhanced-Dynamic-Range Single-Shot Measurement of Nanosecond Optical Pulses (2007)

Measuring optical pulse shapes beyond the dynamic range of oscilloscopes is achieved by temporal pulse stacking in a low-loss, passive, fiber-optic network. Optical pulses are averaged with their time-delayed replicas without introducing additional noise or jitter, allowing for high-contrast pulse-shape measurements of single-shot events. A dynamic-range enhancement of 3 bits is experimentally demonstrated and compared with conventional multishot averaging. This technique can be extended to yield an increase of up to 7 bits of additional dynamic range over nominal oscilloscope performance.
Neural regulation of canine skeletal muscle blood flow during hypoxic hypoxia (1989)

Vascular resistance in canine limb skeletal muscle first increases and then decreases with prolonged arterial hypoxia, but whether neural sympathetic activity decreases with time is unknown. To assess the effectiveness of neurally mediated vasoconstrictor tone, we periodically cooled and rewarmed the sciatic nerve while nine anesthetized, paralyzed, pump-ventilated dogs were made hypoxic for 60 min by ventilation with 9.1% O2 in N2 (PaO2 = 24 +/- 2 mmHg). Before hypoxia, limb blood flow (QL) increased to a mean peak value of 111 ml.kg-1.min-1 with nerve cooling. With hypoxic hypoxia (HH), cardiac output increased but mean arterial pressure and limb blood flow remained the same. Nerve cooling at 15, 30, and 60 min of HH resulted in a pattern of progressively increasing mean peak QL values of 137, 151, and 160 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively (P less than 0.05). Stimulation of the cut sciatic nerve at the end of the experiment established the maximum vasoconstriction that was possible and, thereby, the potential range that was available. The results showed that not only was neurally mediated vasoconstriction to skeletal muscle maintained throughout the hypoxic period, but that its intensity must have been increasing to overcome the local vasodilatory forces that were responsible for flow increasing even further with nerve cooling in prolonged hypoxia.
Cochlea Implantation bei Kindern mit konnataler einseitiger Surditas (2022)

Einleitung Ziel der Versorgung konnatal einseitig surder Kinder mit einem Cochlea Implantat (CI) ist, ähnlich wie auch beim Erwachsenen, durch die Ermöglichung des binauralen Hörens, die Verbesserung des Sprachverständnis in Ruhe und im Störgeräusch und des räumlichen Hörvermögens. Somit soll der Spracherwerb möglichst wenig beeinträchtigt ablaufen und in der Folge eine gesteigerte Aufmerksamkeit und Konzentrationsvermögen für den (Schul)Alltag erreicht werden.
Dual Role of Anthranils as Amination and Transient Directing Group Sources: Synthesis of 2-Acyl Acridines (2018)

The transient directing group promoted C(sp<sup>2</sup>)-H functionalization of benzaldehydes with anthranils by a cationic rhodium(III) catalyst is described. Notably, anthranils have been used as both transient directing groups and amination sources to afford 2-acyl acridines through direct C-H amination followed by acid-mediated cyclization. A range of substrate scopes and functional group tolerance were observed.
A Single Domain of Yeast Poly(A)-Binding Protein Is Necessary and Sufficient for RNA Binding and Cell Viability (1987)

The poly(A)-binding protein (PAB) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for cell growth. A 66-amino acid polypeptide containing half of a repeated N-terminal domain can replace the entire protein in vivo. Neither an octapeptide sequence conserved among eucaryotic RNA-binding proteins nor the C-terminal domain of PAB is required for function in vivo. A single N-terminal domain is nearly identical to the entire protein in the number of high-affinity sites for poly(A) binding in vitro (one site with an association constant of approximately 2 X 10(7) M-1) and in the size of the binding site (12 A residues). Multiple N-terminal domains afford a mechanism of PAB transfer between poly(A) strands.
Degradation of vertical GaN FETs under gate and drain stress (2018)

The aim of this paper is to report the first experimental analysis of the degradation of GaN-based vertical transistors (VFETs) subjected to gate- and drain step-stress. Based on combined pulsed measurements and step stress tests we demonstrate the following original results: (i) the analyzed devices (optimized for 200 V operation) do not show significant current collapse up to V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> = 200 V; (ii) under positive gate bias (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Gstress</sub> > 0 V) the devices show a positive threshold voltage shift, which is ascribed to the injection of electrons into the gate dielectric, and an increase in the sub-threshold slope (SS, mV/dec), which is ascribed to the detrapping of electrons from the gate-insulator to the gate metal. Under the same conditions of stress we observe an initial decrease in the on-resistance, which is ascribed to a reduced scattering at the dielectric/GaN interface. 2D simulations were carried out to support the interpretation of the experimental data.
c-MYC and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2021)

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of gynecological malignancies with approximately 49% of women surviving 5 years after initial diagnosis. The standard of care for ovarian cancer consists of cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Unfortunately, despite initial response, platinum resistance remains a major clinical challenge. Therefore, the identification of effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets is crucial to guide therapy regimen, maximize clinical benefit, and improve patient outcome. Given the pivotal role of c-MYC deregulation in most tumor types, including ovarian cancer, assessment of c-MYC biological and clinical relevance is essential. Here, we briefly describe the frequency of c-MYC deregulation in ovarian cancer and the consequences of its targeting.
Origination of the Split Structure of Spliceosomal Genes from Random Genetic Sequences (2008)

The mechanism by which protein-coding portions of eukaryotic genes came to be separated by long non-coding stretches of DNA, and the purpose for this perplexing arrangement, have remained unresolved fundamental biological problems for three decades. We report here a plausible solution to this problem based on analysis of open reading frame (ORF) length constraints in the genomes of nine diverse species. If primordial nucleic acid sequences were random in sequence, functional proteins that are innately long would not be encoded due to the frequent occurrence of stop codons. The best possible way that a long protein-coding sequence could have been derived was by evolving a split-structure from the random DNA (or RNA) sequence. Results of the systematic analyses of nine complete genome sequences presented here suggests that perhaps the major underlying structural features of split-genes have evolved due to the indigenous occurrence of split protein-coding genes in primordial random nucleotide sequence. The results also suggest that intron-rich genes containing short exons may have been the original form of genes intrinsically occurring in random DNA, and that intron-poor genes containing long exons were perhaps derived from the original intron-rich genes.
A randomized phase II study of OGX-427 plus prednisone (P) versus P alone in patients (pts) with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2012)

4514 Background: Heat Shock Protein 27 (Hsp27) is a multi-functional chaperone protein that regulates cell signaling and survival pathways implicated in cancer progression. In prostate cancer models, Hsp27 complexes with androgen receptor (AR) and enhances transactivation of AR-regulated genes. OGX-427 is a 2nd generation antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits Hsp27 expression with in vitro and in vivo efficacy and was well tolerated with single agent activity in phase I studies. Methods: Chemotherapy-naïve pts with no/minimal symptoms were randomized to receive OGX-427 600 mg IV x 3 loading doses then 1000 mg IV weekly with P 5 mg PO BID or P only. Primary endpoint was the proportion of pts progression free (PPF) at 12 weeks (PCWG2 criteria). A 2-stage MinMax design (H 0 = 5%, H A &gt;20%, α=0.1, β=0.1) with 32 pts/arm provides 70% power to detect the difference at 0.10 1-sided significance. Secondary endpoints include PSA decline, measurable disease response, and circulating tumour cell (CTC) enumeration. Results: 38 pts have been enrolled; 1st stage of accrual completed with 2nd stage accruing. In the 1st 32 pts randomized (17 to OGX-427+P, 15 to P), baseline median age was 71 years (53-89), ECOG PS 0 or 1 in 66% and 34% of pts, median PSA 66 (6-606), metastases in bone/lymph nodes/liver or lung was 75/56/9%, 31% had prior P treatment, and 93% had ≥5 CTC/7.5 ml. Predominantly grade 1/2 infusion reactions (chills, diarrhea, flushing, nausea, vomiting) occurred in 47% of pts receiving OGX-427+P. One pt on OGX-427+P developed hemolytic uremic syndrome. A PSA decline of ≥50% occurred in 41% of pts on OGX-427+P, and 20% of pts treated with P. A measurable disease partial response was seen in 3/8 (38%) evaluable pts on OGX-427+P and 0/9 pts on P. CTC conversion from ≥5 to &lt;5/7.5 ml occurred in 50% of pts on OGX-427+P and 31% treated with P. Thus far, in 26 evaluable pts the PPF at 12 weeks was 71% (95% CI: 42-92) in OGX-427+P treated pts and 33% (95% CI: 10-65) in pts on P. Conclusions: These data provide clinical evidence for the role of Hsp27 as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer and support continued evaluation of OGX-427 for pts with CRPC. Funded by a grant from the Terry Fox Research Institute.
[Cellular regulation of human interleukin-2 production]. (1982)

The mechanism of IL2 production by T lymphocytes has been clearly established in Mice. Previous studies have also suggested that control of IL2 production is similar in the Human. We have observed that a complete depletion of adherent monocytes abrogates IL2 production by T lymphocytes. On the other hands in humane inhibition of IL2 production was also mediated by an excess of monocytes. This inhibition was mediated by soluble products and could be blocked by treatment with indomethacin. PGE2 was identified as one of this, inhibitory monokine. A possible mechanism of this inhibition by PGE2 is suggested. Such inhibition was not observed if the T lymphocyte suspension was irradiated (1000 rad) before addition of PGE2 or excess monocytes. These results suggest that activation of a radiosensitive T cell by monokines is required for the inhibition of IL2 production. A model for the cellular control of human IL2 production is proposed.