gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BMP type II receptor as a therapeutic target in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2017)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. This occurs due to abnormal remodeling of small peripheral lung vasculature resulting in progressive occlusion of the artery lumen that eventually causes right heart failure and death. The most common cause of PAH is inactivating mutations in the gene encoding a bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPRII). Current therapeutic options for PAH are limited and focused mainly on reversal of pulmonary vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular cells. Although these treatments can relieve disease symptoms, PAH remains a progressive lethal disease. Emerging data suggest that restoration of BMPRII signaling in PAH is a promising alternative that could prevent and reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here we will focus on recent advances in rescuing BMPRII expression, function or signaling to prevent and reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and its feasibility for clinical translation. Furthermore, we summarize the role of described miRNAs that directly target the BMPR2 gene in blood vessels. We discuss the therapeutic potential and the limitations of promising new approaches to restore BMPRII signaling in PAH patients. Different mutations in BMPR2 and environmental/genetic factors make PAH a heterogeneous disease and it is thus likely that the best approach will be patient-tailored therapies.
Crazing in Glassy Block Copolymer Thin Films (2005)

We investigate the crazing process (craze initiation, growth, and failure) in symmetric polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) glassy thin films. PS-b-P2VP is a model material for this study due to its ability to self-assemble into well-aligned lamellar microdomains and the similar mechanical properties for each block (glass transition temperature, crazing stress, entanglement molecular weight, and elastic modulus). These attributes allow us to focus on two primary effects: the effect of an ordered microstructure and the effect of surface terraces on the crazing process in thin glassy polymer films. We find that an ordered lamellar microstructure leads to a higher ratio of craze depth to film thickness in the micronecking process and a lower craze growth rate compared with polystyrene homopolymer. Additionally, surface terracing, or nanoscale steps in the surface topography, impedes craze initiation and significantly decreases the failure strain compared with polystyrene and PS-b-P2VP thin films without surface terraces. These results demonstrate the importance of nanoscale morphologies on the crazing process and point to new directions for understanding the fundamental mechanisms for crazing in advanced materials.
Bridged 1-Methylbisimidazoles as Building Blocks for Mixed Donor Bi- and Tridentate Chelating Ligands (2001)

Novel bi- and tridentate imidazole chelate ligands consisting of varying donor sets were prepared using an efficient one- or two-step procedure. Keto- and methylene-bridged bisimidazoles 1, 2 served as versatile starting materials for the introduction of additional donor groups, thus allowing the facile variation of donor sets within a bisimidazole ligand framework.
Response of the topside ionosphere to recurrent geomagnetic activity (2010)

In the present study we investigate the solar activity, local time, and latitudinal dependence of the topside ionosphere response to recurrent geomagnetic activity, using 8 years (1998–2005) of data on total ion density (Ni) retrieved from Defense Meteorological Satellites Program observations at about 840 km altitude. It is the first attempt to explore the presence of oscillations in the topside ionosphere in response to recurrent geomagnetic activity. Results indicate that striking periodic oscillations around 9 days in Ni are present during the latter part of the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The percentage of the magnitude of 9 day oscillations relative to background values in Ni at 2130 LT tends to be 5%–10% larger than at three other local times (0930, 0510, and 1710 LT). Moreover, latitudinal profiles of bandpass‐filtered 9 day perturbations in Ni show multiple peaks as a function of local time and day of the year, which is distinctly different from previous results at or around the F 2 layer peak. There are in‐phase correlations between Kp and the Ni responses in the winter hemisphere and at middle and low latitudes, and approximately anti‐phase at high latitude in the summer hemisphere. Additionally, the 9 day oscillations in ion temperature are is mainly restricted to high latitudes. The combined effects of neutral winds, E × B drift, auroral ionization precipitation, and migration of subauroral trough region are possible candidates to explain the latitudinal profiles of the 9 day variations in Ni.
Intrinsic Alignment of Cluster Galaxies: the Redshift Evolution (2011)

We present measurements of two types of cluster galaxy alignments based on a volume limited and highly pure ($\ge$ 90%) sample of clusters from the GMBCG catalog derived from SDSS DR7. We detect a clear BCG alignment (the alignment of major axis of the BCG toward the distribution of cluster satellite galaxies). We find that the BCG alignment signal becomes stronger as the redshift and BCG absolute magnitude decrease, and becomes weaker as BCG stellar mass decreases. No dependence of the BCG alignment on cluster richness is found. We can detect a statistically significant ($\ge$ 3 sigma) satellite alignment (the alignment of the major axes of the cluster satellite galaxies toward the BCG) only when we use the isophotal fit position angles (PAs, hereafter), and the satellite alignment depends on the apparent magnitudes rather than the absolute magnitudes of the BCGs. This suggests the detected satellite alignment based on isophotoal PAs from the SDSS pipeline is possibly due to the contamination from the diffuse light of nearby BCGs. We caution that this should not be simply interpreted as non-existence of the satellite alignment, but rather that we cannot detect them with our current photometric SDSS data. We perform our measurements on both SDSS $r$ band and $i$ band data, but did not observe a passband dependence of the alignments.
Singlet oxygen luminescence detection with a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (2013)

Direct monitoring of singlet oxygen (1O2) luminescence is a particularly challenging infrared photodetection problem. 1O2, an excited state of the oxygen molecule, is a crucial intermediate in many biological processes. We employ a low noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detector to record 1O2 luminescence at 1270 nm wavelength from a model photosensitizer (Rose Bengal) in solution. Narrow band spectral filtering and chemical quenching is used to verify the 1O2 signal, and lifetime evolution with the addition of protein is studied. Furthermore, we demonstrate the detection of 1O2 luminescence through a single optical fiber, a marked advance for dose monitoring in clinical treatments such as photodynamic therapy.
High Resolution Imaging of the Upper Respiratory Tract with Optical Coherence Tomography: A Feasibility Study (1998)

A need exists in respiratory medicine for a technology capable of identifying airway pathology on a micron scale. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for ultrahigh resolution imaging of the upper respiratory tract by in vitro studies of human tissue. OCT is a relatively new technique that can be used to noninvasively collect tomographic images of tissue microstructure with micron-scale resolution. OCT is analogous to ultrasound, measuring the intensity of infrared light rather than acoustical waves. Samples throughout the upper respiratory tract, from the epiglottis to the secondary bronchi, were imaged. The resulting images were compared with histopathology and verified the ability of OCT to delineate relevant structures such as the epithelium, mucosa, cartilage and its sublayers, and glands at a resolution higher than any clinical imaging technology. The ability of OCT to generate image resolution in the range close to that of histopathology in real time, as well as easy integration with small, relatively inexpensive endoscopes, low cost, and lack of a need for a transducing medium, supports the hypothesis that this optical technology could become a powerful modality in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of clinical respiratory pathology.
The Papain-Like Protease from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Is a Deubiquitinating Enzyme (2005)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro) is involved in the processing of the viral polyprotein and, thereby, contributes to the biogenesis of the virus replication complex. Structural bioinformatics has revealed a relationship for the SARS-CoV PLpro to herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP), a ubiquitin-specific protease, indicating potential deubiquitinating activity in addition to its function in polyprotein processing (T. Sulea, H. A. Lindner, E. O. Purisima, and R. Menard, J. Virol. 79:4550-4551, 2005). In order to confirm this prediction, we overexpressed and purified SARS-CoV PLpro (amino acids [aa]1507 to 1858) from Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Ub-AMC), a general deubiquitinating enzyme substrate, with a catalytic efficiency of 13,100 M(-1)s(-1), 220-fold more efficiently than the small synthetic peptide substrate Z-LRGG-AMC, which incorporates the C-terminal four residues of ubiquitin. In addition, SARS-CoV PLpro was inhibited by the specific deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor ubiquitin aldehyde, with an inhibition constant of 210 nM. The purified SARS-CoV PLpro disassembles branched polyubiquitin chains with lengths of two to seven (Ub2-7) or four (Ub4) units, which involves isopeptide bond cleavage. SARS-CoV PLpro processing activity was also detected against a protein fused to the C terminus of the ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15, both in vitro using the purified enzyme and in HeLa cells by coexpression with SARS-CoV PLpro (aa 1198 to 2009). These results clearly establish that SARS-CoV PLpro is a deubiquitinating enzyme, thereby confirming our earlier prediction. This unexpected activity for a coronavirus papain-like protease suggests a novel viral strategy to modulate the host cell ubiquitination machinery to its advantage.
Selenium Redox Reactivity on Colloidal CdSe Quantum Dot Surfaces (2016)

Understanding the structural and compositional origins of midgap states in semiconductor nanocrystals is a longstanding challenge in nanoscience. Here, we report a broad variety of reagents useful for photochemical reduction of colloidal CdSe quantum dots, and we establish that these reactions proceed via a dark surface prereduction step prior to photoexcitation. Mechanistic studies relying on the specific properties of various reductants lead to the proposal that this surface prereduction occurs at oxidized surface selenium sites. These results demonstrate the use of small-molecule inorganic chemistries to control the physical properties of colloidal QDs and provide microscopic insights into the identities and reactivities of their localized surface species.
Detachment of Liquid-Water Droplets from Gas-Diffusion Layers (2011)

A critical issue for optimal water management in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells at lower temperatures is the removal of liquid water from the cell. This pathway is intimately linked with the phenomena of liquid-water droplet removal from surface of the gas-diffusion layer and into the flow channel. Thus, a good understanding of liquid-water transport and droplet growth and detachment from the gas-diffusion layer is critical. In this study, liquid-water droplet growth and detachment on the gas-diffusion layer surfaces are investigated experimentally to improve the understating of water transport through and removal from gas-diffusion layers. An experiment using a sliding-angle measurement is designed and used to quantify and directly measure the adhesion force for liquid-water droplets, and to understand the droplets? growth and detachment from the gas-diffusion layers.
A high cell density perfusion process for MVA virus production: process integration with inline DNA digestion and cost analysis (2021)

By integrating continuous cell cultures with continuous purification methods, process yields and product quality attributes were improved over the last 10 years for recombinant protein production. However, for the production of viral vectors such as Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), no such studies have been reported although there is an increasing need to meet the requirements for a rising number of clinical trials against infectious or neoplastic diseases. Here, we present for the first time a scalable suspension cell (AGE1.CR.pIX cells) culture-based perfusion process in bioreactors integrating continuous virus harvesting through an acoustic settler with semi-continuous chromatographic purification. This allowed to obtain purified MVA particles with a space-time yield &gt;600% higher for the integrated perfusion process (1.05 x 1011 TCID50/Lbioreactor/day) compared to the integrated batch process. Without further optimization, purification by membrane-based steric exclusion chromatography resulted in an overall product recovery of 50.5%. To decrease the level of host cell DNA prior to chromatography, a novel inline continuous DNA digestion step was integrated into the process train. A detailed cost analysis comparing integrated production in batch versus production in perfusion mode showed that the cost per dose for MVA was reduced by nearly one third using this intensified small-scale process.
Tailor Made Ionic Liquids: Catalyst and Media for Organic Transformations (2015)

Ionic liquids are considered as one of the safe, green and environmentally benign solvents/catalysts for many organic reactions. Particularly, imidazolium based ionic liquids attracted much attention in basic as well as applied research. The major role of these ionic liquids is the replacement of the existing corrosive solvents, which are largely used in most of the organic processes and make these processes more eco-friendly. Recent report reveals the importance of imidazolium based ionic liquids, supported on silica gel or polystyrene in catalysis. The solid supports have well versed properties such as easy anchoring of ionic liquid, chemically and mechanically very stable and inert in nature. These ionic liquids can be tailored either by covalent attachment or simple deposition of the ionic liquid on the surface of the support. Both approaches showed enhanced reactivity and selectivity for various reactions. In this review, we made an attempt to review the recent reports related to synthesis and applications of tailor made ionic liquids and their use as catalyst in Aldol, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, hydroformylation, nucleophilic substitution and biomass transformation reactions.
Inherently boosted switched inductor hybrid converter with AC and DC outputs for DC nanogrid applications (2023)

This paper presents a novel hybrid converter which is capable of carrying AC and DC loads simultaneously at different ports. The converter is designed by using a full bridge inverter at the nodes between the active switched inductor based high gain DC-DC converter. After inserting impedance into the current path, the inherent protection against the shoot through that often happens with a voltage source converter (VSI) is established. In addition, the modulation is such that the converter does not have to rely on shoot through to work, like most hybrid converters do. Instead, an extra charging mode has been added. This not only increases the voltage gain but also provides a flexible control with two duty ratios. The steady state operation of the converter is analyzed in five modes and their voltage relations are found out. A suitable pulse width modulation is realized to generate the different modes of operations. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed in the laboratory which is tested for suitable duty ratios operating for a maximum power of 600 W when the input voltage is maintained at 32 V. The converter finds its suitability in the nanogrid/microgrid where different loads are to be supplied from a single source.
Real‐time fundus reconstruction and intraocular mapping using an ophthalmic endoscope (2023)

Using this fundus reconstruction method can map the position of the endoscope inside the eyeball when using a robotic endoscope holder in eye surgery. The overall accuracy level meets the ophthalmologists' accuracy requirements of ophthalmologists.
Development of modified transdermal spray formulation of psoralen extract (2013)

The present investigation was undertaken to fabricate modified transport psoralen transdermal spray using ethyl cellulose as film-forming polymer and to carry out in vitro characterization of an optimized formulation. Formulated Topical spray was evaluated by pH, clarity of solution, spray pattern, area covered by each spray, dermal adhesion of film, flexibility of film, water washability of film, leakage from container, average weight of formulation per metered dose (or per spray), drug content per spray, film formation time, in vitro drug transport, drug content uniformity after 10th spray, 15th spray, 30th spray, 40th spray and viscosity. Batch F1 containing ethyl cellulose (4%) and polyethylene glycol (0.25%) was found to give good clarity of solution, evaporation rate, spray pattern, and tackiness of the film. Diffusion studies of the optimized formulation through the semipermeable membrane showed the release of drug to the extent 50% over a period of 6 hours. Stability studies were conducted as per ICH guidelines and indicated that formulation was stable. Skin irritation studies were performed using rat as an animal model. The results obtained show that the transdermal spray can be a promising and innovative therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of psoralen.
Periocular Biometrics: A Modality for Unconstrained Scenarios (2022)

Periocular refers to the externally visible region of the face that surrounds the eye socket. This feature-rich area can provide accurate identification in unconstrained or uncooperative scenarios, where the iris or face modalities may not offer sufficient biometric cues due to factors such as partial occlusion or high subject-to-camera distance. The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted its importance, as the ocular region remained the only visible facial area even in controlled settings due to the widespread use of masks. This paper discusses the state of the art in periocular biometrics, presenting an overall framework encompassing its most significant research aspects, which include: (a) ocular definition, acquisition, and detection; (b) identity recognition, including combination with other modalities and use of various spectra; and (c) ocular soft-biometric analysis. Finally, we conclude by addressing current challenges and proposing future directions.
Novel GCPW-to-Embedded LTCC Rectangular Waveguide Transition for V-band System-on-Package Applications (2007)

A new type of transition, grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW)-to-embedded rectangular waveguide (RW), for V-band application is proposed in this paper. The transition is accomplished by inserting a 3λ/4 loop short stub. It is composed of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) multilayer circuits. Our results at 60㎓ shows that the return loss is lower than 10㏈ from 51.6㎓ to 65.4㎓, and the insertion loss is 0.9㏈ at the center frequency.
Minerals of the Brumado Magnestle Deposits, Serra das Éguas, Bahla, Brazil (2000)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsCarlos P. BarbosaCarlos P. Barbosa is a mineral dealer credited with bringing a never-ending stream of wonderjil specimens for collectors from Brumado and other parts of Brazil.James NizamoffAlexander U. Falster, William B. Simmons, Karen L. Webber, and James Nizumoff are from the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of New Orleans. They have been working on pegmatites and their mineruls us well as a number of other mineral deposits from many locations.Richard V. GainesRichard K Gaines wus the well-known supplier of many fine minerals, notably niobiumtantalum minerals from many parts of the world. He worked as an exploration geologist for many years, traveling the world. He died in 1999.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances Toward the Inhibition of mAG and LAM Synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Authentication With a Guessing Adversary (2015)

In this paper, we consider the authentication problem where a candidate measurement presented by an unidentified user is compared to a previously stored measurement of the legitimate user, the enrollment, with respect to a certain distortion criteria for authentication. An adversary wishes to impersonate the legitimate user by guessing the enrollment until the system authenticates him. For this setting, we study the minimum number of required guesses (on average) by the adversary for a successful impersonation attack and find the complete characterization of the asymptotic exponent of this metric, referred to as the deception exponent. Our result is a direct application of the results of the Guessing problem by Arikan and Merhav [19]. Paralleling the work in [19] we also extend this result to the case where the adversary may have access to additional side information correlated to the enrollment data. The paper is a revised version of a submission to IEEE WIFS 2015, with the referencing to the paper [19] clarified compared with the conference version.
Assessment of the feed additive consisting of potassium diformate for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (Addcon GmbH) (2022)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of potassium diformate for all animal species. The additive was initially evaluated in 2004 and re-evaluated by the Panel in 2012, with the conclusion that the additive (i) was safe for the target species, the consumer and the environment when used under the proposed conditions; (ii) was an eye irritant and (iii) had the potential to increase the storage time of raw fish and fish by-products for feed use in a dose-dependent manner at low temperature. The FEEDAP Panel considered that the use of potassium diformate under the approved conditions of use remains safe for consumers and the environment, and that it is an eye irritant. Due to the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the potential of the additive to be a skin irritant or a respiratory or dermal sensitiser. Regarding the safety for the target species, the FEEDAP Panel considered that the mixture of different sources of potassium diformate remains safe for use in sows' feed under the approved conditions of use (12,000 mg/kg complete feed). However, based on a tolerance trial, the Panel concluded that the maximum safe level of potassium diformate in weaned piglets should be reduced to 6,000 mg/kg complete feed and the same conclusion was extended to pigs for fattening. Owing to the lack of information provided, the Panel could not conclude on the safety of the additive for species other than pigs under the approved conditions. The present application does not include a proposal for amending or supplementing the conditions of the original authorisation that would have an impact on the efficacy of the additive.