gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of vaginal tissue of rabbits to inserted sponges made of various materials (1979)

Sponges of the same size made of collagen (CS), polyurethane (PU), polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and acetylcellulose (AC) were inserted for 10 days in the vaginas of 22 rabbits. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the vaginal wall and its mucosal lining showed signs of cytotoxicity only with PU and AC while CS and PVA picture did not differ from sham controls. In order to explain the reasons for the toxic effects, all sponges were extracted into aqueous or organic solvent media and analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Only several minute peaks in organic solvents were found. Extracts of all sponges tested for cytotoxicity in fibroblast cultures showed significant inhibition of H3-thymidine uptake. Nevertheless, extract of collagen sponge was significantly less cytotoxic than the extracts of all other sponges.
Induction of Increased Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines by Activation of GM-CSF Receptor Bc via C-Fos-ERK 1/2 Signaling (2017)

Background and Objectives: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and -9 play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, but the mechanism of their regulation is not clearly understood. GM-CSF has been shown to be associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. The goal of our study was to examine the stimulation of GM-CSF/ interleukin 3 (IL-3)/IL-5 receptor common β-chain (βc) and its effects on MMP-2 and -9 regulation in human breast cancer cells. Methods: The constitutive expression of the GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 receptor common βc and GM-CSF production were analyzed in BT 549, MCF-7, and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cell lines. We studied the effects of recombinant IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF on the gene expression and enzyme activity of MMP-2, and -9 in the aforementioned cell lines. The signaling pathway activated by these cytokines, the blocking of this pathway, and the effect on MMP-2 and -9 productions were also assessed. The downregulation of the GM-CSF receptor βc gene (CSF2RB) expression and its response to cytokine stimulation were also studied. Results: We observed that the human breast cancer cell lines BT 549, MCF-7, and MDA-MB 231 constitutively produce GM-CSF and express the GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 receptor common βc. When these cell lines were treated with recombinant human (rh) GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5, enzyme activity and gene expression of MMP-2, and -9 were increased. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the activation of the c-Fos – ERK 1/2 signaling pathway upregulates MMP-2 in response to exogenous GM-CSF, IL-3 or IL-5 cytokines. Clinically relevant concentrations of GM-CSF (as low as 10 ng/mL) were sufficient to stimulate MMP-2 and -9. Our results suggest a potential mechanism by which GM-CSF may promote tumor invasion and metastases.
Relationship of mycophenolic acid exposure to clinical outcome after hematopoietic cell transplantation (2005)

Mycophenolate mofetil is used increasingly to provide immunosuppression after nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. There is wide variability in the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite, and low concentrations are associated with rejection after organ transplantation. We hypothesized that low MPA was associated with poorer engraftment and a higher incidence of acute graft versus host disease. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics in 87 adult subjects undergoing nonmyeloablative-related and nonmyeloablative-unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation who were receiving 1 g mycophenolate mofetil orally or intravenously every 12 hours plus cyclosporine (INN, ciclosporin). Subjects with an unbound MPA area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 6 hours of less than 150 ng . h/mL had a higher cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute graft versus host disease than subjects with a greater AUC (68% versus 40%, P = .02). An unbound AUC from 0 to 12 hours of less than 300 ng . h/mL was also associated with more frequent acute graft versus host disease (58% versus 35%, P = .05). There was no association between graft versus host disease and trough concentrations (P < or = .62). A higher cumulative incidence of engraftment was associated with total MPA trough concentrations greater than 1 microg/mL (P < .01). All engraftment failures occurred in the cord blood recipients. About one half of subjects were below the unbound AUC target after oral dosing with nearly a 5-fold variability in AUC. Intravenous dosing achieved unbound targets better than oral dosing. The current practice of dosing with 1 g twice daily provides inadequate plasma concentrations in many patients, and doses of at least 3 g/d are likely necessary. Therapeutic monitoring of MPA concentrations with dose adjustment into the therapeutic target appears to be necessary for the most effective use of mycophenolate mofetil.
The Parasitic Worm Product ES‐62 Targets Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88–Dependent Effector Mechanisms to Suppress Antinuclear Antibody Production and Proteinuria in MRL/<i>lpr</i> Mice (2014)

This study provides the first demonstration of protection against kidney pathology by a parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator in a model of SLE and suggests therapeutic potential for drugs based on the mechanism of action of ES-62.
Image authentication based on fractal image coding without contamination of original image (2003)

Abstract Several digital watermarking methods proposed for the purpose of copyright protection embed signature data or images in the original images. Thus, they unavoidably produce degradation of the original images. Authors who create art works, however, desire to distribute their own originals unaltered. Therefore, this paper proposes a system for authentication of original images distributed without embedding any watermarks. The proposed method is based on fractal image coding, an image coding method. The IFS parameters obtained in fractal image coding are utilized as authentication parameters, and signature images for authentication are extracted using these parameters. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(9): 1–9, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10468
Observation of ultrashort (&amp;lt;4 ps) gain-switched optical pulses from long-wavelength multiple quantum well lasers (1989)

Optical pulses of less than 4 ps full width at half maximum have been generated by electrical gain switching of long-wavelength multiple quantum well lasers, and were observed directly on a streak camera. This is the first ever generation of optical pulses of such short duration using direct electrical gain switching. We have identified the higher differential gain due to the second quantized state transition in the multiple quantum well laser to be responsible for the generation of these ultrashort optical pulses. We also discuss the possible resolution limits of the streak camera measurement system.
Localization of Prenylated Flavonoids in Sophora flavescens var. angustifolia Plants (1992)

A histochemical analysis was carried out on the distribution of flavonoid derivatives in Sophora flavescens var. angustifolia plant. Prenylated flavonoids such as kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G and des-O-methylanhydroicaritin were mainly localized in the periderm (cork layers, and cork layer-like tissues scattered in parenchymatous tissues of the root system). Pterocarpan derivatives, maackiain, maackiain-3-O-glucoside (trifolirhizin) and its 6′-O-malonyl ester, were distributed in the cortex, cambium and pith as an ester form. In the aerial parts of the plant, neither pterocarpan nor prenylated flavonoid derivatives, but only flavone monoglucosides such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-glucoside were detected.
Figure S5 from Demethylation Therapy as a Targeted Treatment for Human Papillomavirus–Associated Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A. Zymogram gel showing activity of proteases that use casein as a substrate in growth medium from UMSCC47 cells treated or untreated with 5-aza. B. Expression of MMPs 2 and 9 before and after 5-aza treatment in UMSCC47 cells as determined in the Illumina array&lt;/p&gt;
Estimation of Critical Composition for the Transition from Brittle to Ductile in W-Cu Composites (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Glycerol oxidehydration into acrolein and acrylic acid over W/V/Nb bronzes with hexagonal structure (2012)

This paper deals with an investigation of hexagonal W-V-Nb-O and W-V-Mo-O bronzes as catalysts for the one-pot oxidehydration of glycerol into acrylic acid. In a previous work, we reported a study on bi-component systems W-V-O bronze that allowed us to obtain a 25% acrylic acid selectivity; in the current work, the incorporation of Nb or Mo in the tri-component bronze structure allowed us to tune the acid and redox properties of the catalyst, so as to study their influence on the overall reaction scheme.
A Quantum Mechanical Charge Field Molecular Dynamics Study of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> Ions in Aqueous Solutions (2010)

Ab initio quantum mechanical charge field molecular dynamics (QMCF-MD) simulations have been performed for aqueous solutions of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions at the Hartree-Fock level of theory to describe and compare their structural and dynamical behavior. The structural features of both hydrated ions are characterized by radial distribution functions that give the maximum probability of the ion-O distance for Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions at 2.15 and 2.03 A, respectively. The angular distribution functions of both ions prove the octahedral arrangement of six water ligands, whereas the second shells of these ions differ. Both ions show influence on the water molecules beyond the second shells. The structure-forming abilities of both ions are visible from the ligand mean residence times and ion-O stretching frequencies evaluated for both ions. The substantially improved data obtained from these QMCF-MD simulations show better correlation with available experimental results than the conventional quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics molecular dynamics (QM/MM MD) approaches with one hydration shell treated by quantum mechanics.
Novel Light Trapping Scheme Based on Single-Side Modulated Photonic Nanostructure for Back-Contact Thinner-Wafer Solar Cells (2015)

Front-surface textures contribute both reduced reflection loss and light trapping to increase optical absorption in thin wafer crystalline silicon solar cells. We investigated the impact of the modulated surface textures that are composed of nanotextures for reducing reflection and microtextures for enhancing light trapping. Electromagnetic wave simulations show that modulated surface textures shows sufficient photocurrent generation, comparable to double-sided textures that exhibits light trapping close to Lambertian limit. Our finding indicates that the modulated surface textures would be a promising approach for efficient photon management in thin wafer solar cells. Simulation results show that optical design of modulated photonic nanostructure is critical for efficient light trapping.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors: Pleiotropic Signaling Complexes and Their Differential Effects (2020)

Since its discovery in 1975, TNFα has been a subject of intense study as it plays significant roles in both immunity and cancer. Such attention is well deserved as TNFα is unique in its engagement of pleiotropic signaling <i>via</i> its two receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2. Extensive research has yielded mechanistic insights into how a single cytokine can provoke a disparate range of cellular responses, from proliferation and survival to apoptosis and necrosis. Understanding the intracellular signaling pathways induced by this single cytokine <i>via</i> its two receptors is key to further revelation of its exact functions in the many disease states and immune responses in which it plays a role. In this review, we describe the signaling complexes formed by TNFR1 and TNFR2 that lead to each potential cellular response, namely, canonical and non-canonical NF-κB activation, apoptosis and necrosis. This is followed by a discussion of data from <i>in vivo</i> mouse and human studies to examine the differential impacts of TNFR1 versus TNFR2 signaling.
Sensitivity of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>to tannic acid is due to iron deprivation (2001)

Tannic acid inhibited the growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth medium supplementation with more nitrogen or metal ions showed that only iron ions could restore the maximal growth rate of S. cerevisiae. Tannic acid resistant mutants were previously isolated by screening for tannic acid resistance and were all cytoplasmic petite mutants. While the wild type was very sensitive to iron deprivation conditions when grown in aerobic conditions, the mutants, whether grown aerobically or anaerobically, showed the same growth rate under iron-limited conditions as under iron-repleted conditions. Also, the wild type grown anaerobically was not affected by iron-limited conditions. Cytoplasmic petite mutants obtained by ethidium bromide mutagenesis behaved like the other mutants. During iron limitation, the wild type showed a reduced oxygen uptake rate. Maximal growth rate of the wild type in iron-limited conditions could be restored by the addition to the media of unsaturated fatty acids and sterol. Iron deprivation caused by tannic acid may thus affect the synthesis of a functional respiratory chain as well as the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and (or) sterol.
Virtual Gateways in the DECOS Integrated Architecture (2005)

The DECOS architecture divides the overall system into a set of nearly-independent distributed application subsystems, which share the node computers and the physical network of a single distributed computer system. Through restricting each application subsystem's communication activities to a corresponding encapsulated virtual network realized as an overlay network on a time-triggered backbone, the DECOS architecture supports fault isolation, complexity management, and the independent development of application subsystems. This paper provides a solution to the controlled export and import of information between distributed application subsystems. We give the designer the ability to coordinate application services and exploit redundancy in the system to either improve reliability or reduce resource duplication. We introduce virtual gateways for the coupling of virtual networks by the selective redirection of messages. Virtual gateways not only resolve property mismatches between distributed application subsystems, but also preserve encapsulation.
A moving zone of quiet for narrowband noise in a one-dimensional duct using virtual sensing (2007)

A frequent problem in active noise control is that the zone of quiet created at the error sensor tends to be very small. This means that the error sensor generally needs to be located close to an observer's ear, which might not always be a convenient or feasible solution. Virtual sensing is a method that can move the zone of quiet away from the error sensor to a desired location that is spatially fixed. This method has been investigated previously, and has shown potential to improve the performance of an active noise control system. However, it is very likely that the desired location of the zone of quiet is not spatially fixed. An active noise control system incorporating a virtual sensing method thus has to be able to create a moving zone of quiet that tracks the observer's ears. This paper presents a method for creating a moving zone of quiet based on the LMS virtual microphone technique. To illustrate the proposed method, it is implemented in an acoustic duct and narrowband control results are presented. These results show that a moving zone of quiet was effectively created inside the duct for narrowband noise.
Large-Scale 3D Scene Classification With Multi-View Volumetric CNN (2017)

We introduce a method to classify imagery using a convo- lutional neural network (CNN) on multi-view image pro- jections. The power of our method comes from using pro- jections of multiple images at multiple depth planes near the reconstructed surface. This enables classification of categories whose salient aspect is appearance change un- der different viewpoints, such as water, trees, and other materials with complex reflection/light response proper- ties. Our method does not require boundary labelling in images and works on pixel-level classification with a small (few pixels) context, which simplifies the cre- ation of a training set. We demonstrate this application on large-scale aerial imagery collections, and extend the per-pixel classification to robustly create a consistent 2D classification which can be used to fill the gaps in non- reconstructible water regions. We also apply our method to classify tree regions. In both cases, the training data can quickly be generated using a small number of manually- created polygons on a map. We show that even with a very simple and standard network our CNN outperforms the state-of-the-art image classification, the Inception-V3 model retrained from a large collection of aerial images.
Nucleation and Growth of Lithium Peroxide in the Li–O<sub>2</sub> Battery (2015)

We study the relationship between Li2O2 morphology and the electrochemical performance of the Li-O2 battery using a combination of experiment and theory. Experimental Li-O2 battery discharge curves are accurately captured by a theoretical model in which electrode performance is limited by the nucleation and growth of discrete Li2O2 nanostructures in the cathode. We further show that the characteristic sharp voltage drop widely reported at the end of discharge results from the decrease in electrochemical surface area as Li2O2 covers the cathode surface. Preventing surface nucleation is highlighted as a core strategy for increasing Li-O2 battery capacity.
An association between NIDDM and a GAA trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the X25/frataxin (Friedreich's ataxia) gene. (1998)

Friedreich's ataxia is the most common hereditary ataxia and is frequently associated with disturbances of glucose metabolism. This autosomal recessive disease is caused by the decreased expression of a mitochondrial protein, frataxin, encoded by the X25 gene. Homozygous expansion of a GAA repeat in the first intron of X25 inhibits frataxin expression and is associated with clinical disease. We evaluated whether heterozygous expansions of the triplet repeat in the frataxin gene X25 may be associated with NIDDM in two genetically distinct populations--one in Germany (n = 358) and the other in the U.S. (n = 292)--using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Intermediate expansions (10-36 repeats), which are longer than normal but not sufficient for the appearance of the ataxia phenotype, were found in 24.7 and 27.3% of these two NIDDM cohorts compared with 7.6 and 6.3% of the matched control subjects (both P < 0.001). The odds ratios were 3.36 (95% CI 1.72-6.55) for the German group and 4.01 (2.08-7.74) for the U.S. group. Therefore, we conclude that the X25/frataxin GAA repeat polymorphism is associated with NIDDM in a frequency higher than any other mutation heretofore described. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possible role of frataxin in the pathogenesis of NIDDM.
Controlled Orientation of Plasma-Treated Diblock Copolymer Films from the Responsive Functionalized Substrate through Solvent Annealing (2023)

This study demonstrates a new technique for controlled orientation of nanostructured block copolymer (BCP) thin films through solvent annealing using polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) as a representative BCP system. A two-step substrate functionalization of an intrinsic oxide layer (SiO2) wafer is performed by using hydroxyl-terminated PS (PS-OH) followed by hydroxyl-terminated PDMS (PDMS-OH). By varying the grafting percentage of the PS and PDMS brushes on the substrate, it is possible to give different degrees of stretching and recoiling of grafted PS and PDMS, respectively, using PS-selective solvent for solvent annealing, resulting in roughness variation; that is termed a responsive functionalized substrate. With the appropriate roughness of the functionalized substrate under solvent annealing, the development of perpendicularly oriented cylinders of PDMS in the nanostructured PS-b-PDMS thin films can be driven from the bottom of the film. Moreover, by taking advantage of air plasma treatment, it is possible to generate a top-capped neutral layer on the film surface, giving induced perpendicular cylinders from the top surface of the thin film after solvent annealing. Consequently, it is possible to attain the formation of film-spanning perpendicular cylinders of PDMS in the PS-b-PDMS thin film under solvent annealing through the self-alignment process of the perpendicularly oriented cylinders from the top and the bottom surface of the thin film.
ChemInform Abstract: Core Modified Oxybenziporphyrins: New Aromatic Ligands for Metal—Carbon Bond Activation (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Change in cation nonstoichiometry at interfaces during crystal growth in polycrystalline BaTiO3 (2006)

Using an embedded single crystal in a polycrystalline matrix and quantitative electron energy loss spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that Ti-excess grain boundary nonstoichiometry can vary with the extent of boundary migration. While a slight excess in Ti was detected at the boundaries between small matrix grains, a large increase in Ti∕Ba ratio, to as much as ∼1.50 compared to the stoichiometric value, was present at the interface between a growing single crystal and the matrix grains when the embedded crystal grew up to a few hundred micrometers. This change in nonstoichiometry was attributed to a continuous accumulation of excessive Ti at the moving boundary during crystal growth. The present result indicates that growth kinetics can critically affect the interface chemistry in polycrystals.
Current-voltage conveyor (1981)

A four-port active circuit called the current-voltage conveyor (CVC) is proposed and its properties are described. It can be used for realisation of controlled sources, negative impedance convertors and other active elements. It is shown how to obtain summing of voltages and currents using the CVC. The realisation of the CVC with OAs and OTAs is given.
Directed plant cell-wall accumulation of iron: embedding co-catalyst for efficient biomass conversion (2016)

This study demonstrated that extracellular expression of ferritin in <i>Arabidopsis</i> can produce plants with increased growth and iron accumulation, and reduced thermal and enzymatic recalcitrance. The results are attributed to the intimate colocation of the iron co-catalyst and the cellulose and hemicellulose within the plant cell-wall region, supporting the genetic modification strategy for incorporating conversion catalysts into energy crops prior to harvesting or processing at the biorefinery.
Juvenile cobalamin deficiency in a 17-year-old child with autonomic dysfunction and skin changes. (2012)

We report a rare case of juvenile cobalamin deficiency who presented at the age of 17 years. He was underweight and had skin changes, normocytic anemia, and autonomic dysfunction, which led to adynamic ileus and acute postrenal failure. The expected macrocytosis was masked by an underlying alpha-thalassemia trait. The patient had an excellent response to parenteral cobalamin treatment.