gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Silent Synapses by Rapid Activity-Dependent Synaptic Recruitment of AMPA Receptors (2001)

Many recent studies have shown that excitatory synapses can contain NMDA receptor responses in the absence of functional AMPA receptors and are therefore postsynaptically silent at resting membrane potentials. The activation of silent synapses via the rapid acquisition of AMPA receptor responses may be important in synaptic plasticity and neuronal development. Our recent immunocytochemical studies that used cultured hippocampal neurons have provided evidence for "morphological silent synapses" that physically contain NMDA receptors but no AMPA receptors. Here we show that the activation of NMDA receptors by spontaneous synaptic activity results in the rapid recruitment of AMPA receptors into these morphological silent synapses within minutes. In parallel, we find a significant increase in the frequency of AMPA receptor-mediated miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). NMDA receptor activation also results in a mobilization of calcium/calmodulin (CaM) kinase II to synapses and an increase in the phosphorylation of surface AMPA receptors on the major CaM kinase II phosphorylation site. These results demonstrate that AMPA receptors can be modified and recruited rapidly to silent synapses via the activation of NMDA receptors by spontaneous synaptic activity.
Injection Coupled Shift Registers and Counters (1980)

Novel synchronous shift registers and counters with on-chip clock generators using a modified I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L injector structure are presented. The circuits exhibit a significant increase in functional density and an excellent power-delay-area product.
Approach to 6a-Epipretazettine and 6a-Epiprecriwelline via an Intramolecular 2-Azaallyl Anion Cycloaddition Reaction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApproach to 6a-Epipretazettine and 6a-Epiprecriwelline via an Intramolecular 2-Azaallyl Anion Cycloaddition ReactionWilliam H. Pearson and Michael J. PostichCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 19, 5662–5671Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00098a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views676Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The European School of Antennas: Results and perspectives (2007)

The European School of Antennas (ESoA) is a new model of geographically-distributed school that has the objective to reinforce the European training and research in antennas and relevant applications. This paper presents the objective and perspectives of ESoA and the results obtained in 2006 and the first part of 2007 in terms of flow of students and teachers.
Block Index for Characterizing Olefin Block Copolymers (2007)

Abstract Summary: Olefin block copolymers produced by chain shuttling catalysis exhibit crystallinity characteristics that are distinct from what would be expected for typical random olefin copolymers with comparable monomer compositions produced from either ‘single‐site’ or heterogeneous catalysis. Olefin block copolymers produced by chain shuttling catalysis have a statistical multiblock architecture. A unique structural feature of olefin‐based block copolymers is that the intra‐chain distribution of comonomer is segmented (statistically non‐random). Fractionating an olefin block copolymer by preparative temperature rising elution fractionation, TREF, results in fractions that have much higher comonomer content than comparable fractions of a random copolymer collected at an equivalent TREF elution temperature. We have developed a “block index” methodology which quantifies the deviation from the expected monomer composition versus the analytical temperature rising elution fractionation, ATREF, elution temperature. When interpreted properly, this index indicates the degree to which the intra‐chain comonomer distribution is segmented or blocked. The unique crystallization behavior of block copolymers determine the magnitude of the block index values because the highly crystalline segments along an otherwise non‐crystalline chain tend to dominate the ATREF (and DSC) temperature distributions.
Gaussian Random Number Generator with Reconfigurable Mean and Variance using Stochastic Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2021)

Generating high-quality random numbers with a Gaussian probability distribution function is an important and resource consuming computational task for many applications in the fields of machine learning and Monte Carlo algorithms. Recently, CMOS-based digital hardware architectures have been explored as specialized Gaussian random number generators (GRNGs). These CMOS-based GRNGs have a large area and require entropy sources at their input which increase the computing cost. Here, we propose a GRNG that works on the principle of the Boltzmann law in a physical system made from an interconnected network of thermally unstable magnetic tunnel junctions. The proposed hardware can produce multi-bit Gaussian random numbers at a gigahertz speed and can be configured to generate distributions with a desired mean and variance. An analytical derivation of the required interconnection and bias strengths is provided followed by numerical simulations to demonstrate the functionalities of the GRNG.
Combination of botanical and APCI-LC-MSn analyses to assess the quality of a homoeopathic herbal drug: Chondodendron tomentosum Ruiz et Pavon (2008)

The dried roots of Pareira brava (Chondodendron tomentosum R. and P., Menispermaceae) are employed for Curare preparation in folk medicine as well as for homoeopathic treatment of urinary tract infections [1]. However the trivial name Pareira Brava generates numerous drug falsifications, since it refers to various genera (Chondodendron, Cissampelos and Abuta). Therefore it is essential to redefine accurate botanical specifications and chemical markers to clearly standardize and ensure consistent quality of the highly toxic roots of C. tomentosum.
Sterile interface keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis: three episodes in one patient with concomitant contact dermatitis of the eyelids. (2000)

The etiology and mechanism of sterile interface keratitis after LASIK are unknown, but are probably multifactorial. The concomitant contact dermatitis reaction may indicate a common immune mechanism.
A numerical study of silicon opening process (2009)

In this paper we review the operational principles of silicon opening switch (SOS) process the utilizing realistic physical models provided by a commercial TCAD tool. We discusses qualitatively the difference between silicon opening process and conventional junction recovery mode. We show that p-n junction has no effect on current interruption.
Up-to-50-GHz-clock InP DHBT digital ICs and optical system experiments (2003)

In this paper, we describe various custom digital ICs fabricated using our InP DHBT technology, operating at a clock rate up to 50 GHz. We also present the results of some 40+ Gbit/s system experiments these circuits have enabled.
Xyloglucan sidechains modulate binding to cellulose during <i>in vitro</i> binding assays as predicted by conformational dynamics simulations (1997)

Cross-links between cellulose microfibrils and xyloglucan (XG) molecules play a major role in defining the structural properties of plant cell walls and the regulation of growth and development of dicotyledonous plants. How these cross-links are established and how they are regulated has yet to be determined. In a previous study, preliminary data were presented which suggested that the different sidechains of XG may play a role in controlling cellulose microfibril-XG interactions. In this study, this question is addressed directly by analyzing to what extent the different sidechains of pea cell wall XG and nasturtium seed storage XG affect their binding to cellulose microfibrils. Of particular importance to this study are the chemical data indicating that pea XG possesses a trisaccharide sidechain, which is not found in nasturtium XG. To this end, conformational dynamic simulations have been used to predict whether oligosaccharides representative of pea and nasturtium XG can adopt a hypothesized cellulose-binding conformation and which of these XGs exhibits a preferential ability to bind cellulose. Extensive analysis of the conformational forms populated during 300 K and high-temperature Monte Carlo simulations established that a planar, sterically accessible, glucan backbone is essential for optimal cellulose-binding. For the trisaccharide sidechain-containing oligosaccharide as found in pea XG, sidechain orientation appeared to regulate the gradual acquisition of this hypothesized cellulose binding conformation. Thus, conformational forms were identified that included the twisted backbone (non-planar) putative solution form of XG, forms in which the trisaccharide sidechain orientation enables increased backbone planarity and steric accessibility, and finally a planar, sterically accessible, backbone. By applying these conformational requirements for cellulose binding, it has been determined that pea XG possesses a two- to threefold occurrence of the cellulose binding conformation than nasturtium XG. Based on this finding, it was predicted that pea XG would bind to cellulose at a higher rate than nasturtium XG. In vitro binding assays showed that pea XG-avicel binding does indeed occur at a twofold higher rate than nasturtium XG-avicel binding. The enhanced ability of pea cell wall XG over nasturtium seed storage XG to associate with cellulose is consistent with a structural role of the former during epicotyl growth where efficient association with cellulose is a requirement. In contrast, the relatively low ability of nasturtium XG to bind cellulose is consistent with the need to enhance the accessibility of this polymer to glycanases during germination. These findings suggest potential roles for XG sidechain substitution, enabling XG to function in a variety of different biological contexts.
Transcriptome Analyses of In Vitro Exercise Models by Clenbuterol Supplementation or Electrical Pulse Stimulation (2021)

Exercise has beneficial effects on human health and is affected by two different pathways; motoneuron and endocrine. For the advancement of exercise research, in vitro exercise models are essential. We established two in vitro exercise models using C2C12 myotubes; EPS (electrical pulse stimulation) for a motoneuron model and clenbuterol, a specific β2 adrenergic receptor agonist, treatment for an endocrine model. For clenbuterol treatment, we found that Ppargc1a was induced only in low glucose media (1 mg/mL) using a 1-h treatment of 30 ng/mL clenbuterol. Global transcriptional changes of clenbuterol treatment were analyzed by RNA-seq and gene ontology analyses and indicated that mitogenesis and the PI3K-Akt pathway were enhanced, which is consistent with the effects of exercise. Cxcl1 and Cxcl5 were identified as candidate myokines induced by adrenaline. As for the EPS model, we compared 1 Hz of 1-pulse EPS and 1 Hz of 10-pulse EPS for 24 h and determined Myh gene expressions. Ten-pulse EPS induced higher Myh2 and Myh7 expression. Global transcriptional changes of 10-pulse EPS were also analyzed using RNA-seq, and gene ontology analyses indicated that CaMK signaling and hypertrophy pathways were enhanced, which is also consistent with the effects of exercise. In this paper, we provided two transcriptome results of in vitro exercise models and these databases will contribute to advances in exercise research.
Inter-turn fault detection in PM synchronous machines by physics-based EMF estimation (2012)

Inter-turn short circuit fault (ISCF) detection, in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) was developed using a physics-based back electromotive force (EMF) estimator. The electro-thermal saturation-dependent model of the machine was employed in the heart of the open loop estimator. The fault detection system works based on the difference between the estimated EMF and a reference EMF. A 0.8 (kW) PMSM machine was studied experimentally under different ISCF and operational contingencies. The results show acceptable performance in fault detection for wide speed range even in the presence of harmonic loads and dynamic eccentricities.
Asymmetric Dihydroxylation (AD) of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones (1993)

The asymmetric dihydroxylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones has been investigated and found to give the corresponding α,β-dihydroxy ketones in good yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses. The problem of epimerization of the α-carbon has been eliminated by employing a buffered AD-mix containing sodium bicarbonate.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. PART 35. THE CONVERSION OF PRIMARY ALIPHATIC AMINES INTO CHLORIDES BY REACTION WITH 2,4,6‐TRIPHENYLPYRYLIUM CHLORIDE (1979)

Abstract Triphenylpyryliumchlorid (I) wird mit primären Aminen (II) über die Zwischenstufe der Enamine (III) in Pyridiniumchloride (IV) übergeführt, von denen die N‐Alkylpyridiniumsalze bei Temperaturen von 100‐150°C in Triphenylpyridin (V) und Alkylchloride (VI) gespalten werden.
Short-Term Caloric Restriction Induces Accumulation of Myocardial Triglycerides and Decreases Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Healthy Subjects (2007)

Short-term VLCD induces accumulation of myocardial triglycerides. In addition, VLCD decreases left ventricular diastolic function, without alterations in myocardial HEP metabolism. This study documents diet-dependent physiological variations in myocardial triglyceride content and diastolic function in healthy subjects.
Characterization of Crack Growth Rate of Sulfur-Extended Asphalt Mixtures Using Cyclic Semicircular Bending Test (2018)

Characterizing crack propagation of asphalt mixtures is helpful for optimizing mixture design and predicting cracking performance of asphalt pavements. This paper explores a new method based on the cyclic semicircular bending (SCB) test to characterize crack growth rate and evaluate fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. For characterizing crack growth rate, the difficulty is the measurement of crack length during testing. A digital image correlation (DIC) was used to track the crack propagation during the test, which was used to establish a correlation curve with the corresponding crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) measurements. Four sulfur-extended asphalt (SEA) mixtures with different dosages of sulfur were evaluated with the proposed cyclic SCB test. The results of the test fitted well to the Paris law function, and the Paris law coefficients of SEA mixtures were identified. They were also consistent with the test results from the monotonic SCB test and horizontal strain field of the crack tip characterized using the DIC. The cyclic SCB test showed substantially lower coefficients of variance in terms of the number of cycles to failure compared with other traditional fatigue tests such as the bending beam fatigue test and the Texas overlay test. Regarding the effects of sulfur, test results showed that a low level of sulfur addition, such as 15%, softens asphalt binder to the stage where more damage can be induced in a controlled-stress mode of loading, while extra sulfur would act as fillers to stiffen the asphalt binder when the dosage was greater, such as 30%–45%.
SU‐FF‐I‐90: A Clinical Evaluation of the M‐Rep‐Based Automatic Prostate Segmentation (2009)

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical application readiness of a statistically trainable deformable shape model, called an m‐rep, for automatic segmentation of the prostate from CT images by comparison with manual contouring. Method and Materials: ConStruct, an in‐house automatic prostate segmentation tool featuring m‐rep (medial representations) models, was used in this study. This study is to test the robustness of the m‐rep models for prostate treatment planning segmentation in routine use. For each patient case, an m‐rep was initialized and automatically deformed to segment the prostate. Ground truth was taken to be the contour set used for treatment planning. Two radiation oncologists each manually created an additional contour set. The average distance between m‐rep segmentation (or manual segmentation) and the ground truth was calculated. Retrospective clinical validation was also carried out in all cases. Two radiation oncologists blindly scored all the contour sets including the ground truth. Score 1: perfect contour—no corrections needed; 2: minor correction—less than one third of the slices require correction; 3: major correction—more efficient than redrawing all the contours from scratch; 4: not acceptable. Results: Averaged over five patients, the average distances between m‐rep, set 1 and 2 manual contour sets and the ground truth are 0.51, 0.45, and 0.42 cm, respectively. The average scores for m‐rep, set 1, set 2 contour sets, and the ground truth are 2.4, 2.4, 2.0, and 2.1, respectively. Conclusion: The qualitative and clinical validations were performed on m‐rep‐based automatic segmentation by comparing it to manual contouring. M‐reps appeared to produce reasonable and acceptable prostate contour sets when compared to those generated by clinicians. We propose that m‐reps be used to improve clinical efficiency by automatically contouring the prostate as a starting shape and then manually editing when needed. Further validation on a larger patient cohort is indicated.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Propargylamines Using (Mesitylmethyl)benzylamine. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Clinical Issues of Cognitive Enhancers in Alzheimer Disease (1991)

Cognitive enhancers is a provocative and vague label for drugs used to treat dementia of the Alzheimer type. Several issues have to be carefully considered in order to perform reliable clinical trials with such compounds. The lack of an animal model appropriately matching the human pathology, the difficulty in finding worldwide criteria for clinical diagnosis and determining which patients are eligible and how they are best tested, methods of treatment, and interpreting results are undoubtedly the major problems to be solved. A review of the literature points out that the "day-after" approach of treatment (once severe neuropathological damage has been established) is no longer feasible, or has limited advantages. A different pharmacological approach, based on preventive measures during the first stages of the neurodegeneration, seems mandatory.
SpvC is a <i>Salmonella</i> effector with phosphothreonine lyase activity on host mitogen‐activated protein kinases (2008)

SpvC is encoded by the Salmonella virulence plasmid. We have investigated the biochemical function of SpvC and the mechanism by which it is secreted by bacteria and translocated into infected macrophages. We constructed a strain carrying a deletion in spvC and showed that the strain is attenuated for systemic virulence in mice. SpvC can be secreted in vitro by either the SPI-1 or SPI-2 type III secretion systems. Cell biological and genetic experiments showed that translocation of the protein into the cytosol of macrophages by intracellular bacteria is dependent on the SPI-2 T3SS. Using antibodies specific to phospho-amino acids and mass spectrometry we demonstrate that SpvC has phosphothreonine lyase activity on full-length phospho-Erk (pErk) and a synthetic 13-amino-acid phospho-peptide containing the TXY motif. A Salmonella strain expressing spvC from a plasmid downregulated cytokine release from infected cells.
Cramér-Rao Bound Optimization for Joint Radar-Communication Beamforming (2021)

In this paper, we propose multi-input multi-output (MIMO) beamforming designs towards joint radar sensing and multi-user communications. We employ the Cram&#x00E9;r-Rao bound (CRB) as a performance metric of target estimation, under both point and extended target scenarios. We then propose minimizing the CRB of radar sensing while guaranteeing a pre-defined level of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for each communication user. For the single-user scenario, we derive a closed form for the optimal solution for both cases of point and extended targets. For the multi-user scenario, we show that both problems can be relaxed into semidefinite programming by using the semidefinite relaxation approach, and prove that the global optimum can be generally obtained. Finally, we demonstrate numerically that the globally optimal solutions are reachable via the proposed methods, which provide significant gains in target estimation performance over state-of-the-art benchmarks.
Determination of lumefantrine as an effective drug against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection – <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> study (2020)

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, which can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, leading to toxoplasmosis. Currently, the effective treatment for human toxoplasmosis is the combination of sulphadiazine and pyrimethamine. However, both drugs have serious side-effects and toxicity in the host. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new anti-T. gondii drugs with high potency and less or no side-effects. Our findings suggest that lumefantrine exerts activity against T. gondii by inhibiting its proliferation in Vero cells in vitro without being toxic to Vero cells (P ≤ 0.01). Lumefantrine prolonged mice infected with T. gondii from death for 3 days at the concentration of 50 μg L-1 than negative control (phosphate-buffered saline treated only), and reduced the parasite burden in mouse tissues in vivo (P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.05). In addition, a significant increase in interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production was observed in high-dose lumefantrine-treated mice (P ≤ 0.01), whereas interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-4 levels increased in low-dose lumefantrine-treated mice (P ≤ 0.01). The results demonstrated that lumefantrine may be a promising agent to treat toxoplasmosis, and more experiments on the protective mechanism of lumefantrine should be undertaken in further studies.