gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting TRP Channels For Novel Migraine Therapeutics (2014)

Migraine is increasingly understood to be a disorder of the brain. In susceptible individuals, a variety of "triggers" may influence altered central excitability, resulting in the activation and sensitization of trigeminal nociceptive afferents surrounding blood vessels (i.e., the trigeminovascular system), leading to migraine pain. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are expressed in a subset of dural afferents, including those containing calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). Activation of TRP channels promotes excitation of nociceptive afferent fibers and potentially lead to pain. In addition to pain, allodynia to mechanical and cold stimuli can result from sensitization of both peripheral afferents and of central pain pathways. TRP channels respond to a variety of endogenous conditions including chemical mediators and low pH. These channels can be activated by exogenous stimuli including a wide range of chemical and environmental irritants, some of which have been demonstrated to trigger migraine in humans. Activation of TRP channels can elicit CGRP release, and blocking the effects of CGRP through receptor antagonism or antibody strategies has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of migraine. Identification of approaches that can prevent activation of TRP channels provides an additional novel strategy for discovery of migraine therapeutics.
Identification of myxobacteria-derived HIV inhibitors by a high-throughput two-step infectivity assay (2013)

The unique structures and mode-of-actions of these natural compounds make myxobacteria an attractive source of chemicals for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. Further biological and structural studies of our initial hits might help recognize smaller drug-like derivatives that in turn could be synthesized and further optimized.
Low Power Consumption and High-Speed Ge Receivers (2017)

A new Si/Ge/Si heterojunction based waveguide photodetector has been demonstrated in order to reduce the fabrication cost, increase the responsivity, and improve process robustness. State of the art characteristics in terms of dark current, responsivity and bandwidth have been obtained. Furthermore, such photodetectors were characterized in avalanche mode in order to improve the sensitivity and reduce the overall power consumption of the optical circuit.
Organic compounds and microbial assessment of a seawater reverse osmosis facility at Tampa Bay Water, USA (2020)

The Tampa Bay Water seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) facility is the first large-capacity seawater desalination plant in the United States. The feedwater source for the facility is an estuarine system that is biologically very productive and contains naturally-occurring high concentrations of algae, marine bacteria, total organic carbon (mostly dissolved), transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), the biopolymer fraction of natural organic matter, and phosphate. The high-organic composition of the feedwater places stress on the conventional sand pretreatment system utilized at the facility resulting in high organic passage into the membrane process and flow through into the permeate. In particular, the direct passage of particulate TEP (p-TEP) into the membranes has a major impact on the biofouling rate. Based on the data collected, the pretreatment is ineffective at removing key organic components that impact the rate of membrane biofouling, particularly bacteria and p-TEP. Perhaps the pretreatment could be re-designed to use a dissolved air floatation system (DAF) followed by ultrafiltration as a remedy that would likely move the biofouling problem to the ultrafiltration process, which has an easier cleaning process. Consideration could be given to using a groundwater source of feedwater as a permanent remedy to the operational issues.
Slow release anti-fungal skin formulations based on citric acid intercalated layered double hydroxides nanohybrids (2015)

The study confirms that the citrate ion intercalated LDHs have the potential for use in future slow release antifungal drug formulation. Graphical AbstractSlow release nanohybrids based on citrate intercalated layered double hydroxides.
Stereolithography-Based Antennas for Satellite Communications in Ka-Band (2017)

This paper illustrates the role of additive manufacturing (AM) as enabling technology to realize high-performance low-cost antennas for Ka-band applications. In addition to the inherent electromagnetic challenges implicit in the conception of such complex devices, this paper also points out the stringent limitations that appear when opting for classical fabrication techniques, based on assembled split-block models. AM emerges in this context as a change of paradigm, allowing monolithic fabrication and design freedom, which result in substantial improvements in terms of compactness, mass, simplicity, cost, and production time. Two different antennas for Ka-band satellite communications are presented here, namely a wideband horn and a dual-band circular cavity. Both prototypes are fabricated using a stereolithographic (SLA) AM process followed by metal coating. This fabrication approach is especially well suited to the implementation of these designs, since they have internal shapes that are inaccessible to conventional machining tools. The experimental results are not only in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions but also demonstrate improvements over the performances achieved by traditional milling and assembly fabrication approaches, thereby confirming the validity and great potential of SLA for Ka-band satellite communications.
High temperature thermal conductivity of platinum microwire by 3ω method (2010)

The 3ω method for thermal conductivity measurement has emerged as an effective technique applicable to micro/nanowires and thin films. This paper describes the adaptation of the method to temperatures as high as 725 K enabling reliable thermal conductivity measurements on such samples for which previously published methods have been found inadequate. In the technique, a sample wire is heated by applying a sinusoidal current at an angular frequency ω, which causes a temperature and resistance variation at an angular frequency, 2ω, leading to a voltage signal at 3ω. The sample is connected as a four-terminal resistor to a digital lock-in amplifier, which is used to detect the in-phase and out-of-phase 3ω voltages resulting from the applied 1ω current. The data are fitted by varying the values of the thermal resistance and diffusion time, both of which are functions of thermal conductivity. Measurements are made at steady state temperatures between 300 and 725 K. Meaningful measurements at elevated temperatures require that thermal losses be understood and minimized. Conduction losses are prevented by suspending the sample above the mounting substrate. Convection losses are minimized by maintaining a vacuum of ~10(-5) torr inside the sample chamber. To minimize radiation losses, an appropriately sized sample is shrouded with a double heat-shield, with the inner shield temperature near that of the sample. Using the 3ω method, the thermal conductivity of platinum was determined to vary between 71.8 and 80.7 Wm(-1) K(-1) over the temperature range of 300 to 725 K, in agreement with published values measured for bulk samples.
Finite fields (2008)

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Optical characterization of Al0.5Ga0.5As<i>1−x</i>Sb<i>x</i> buffer layers with modulation doped AlInAs/InGaAs structures (1997)

We present results of photoluminescence studies of Al0.5Ga0.5As1−xSbx grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. We compared the photoluminescence (PL) peak position as a function of composition with the band gap prediction using the established formalism developed for other quaternaries. We found a discrepancy of up to 0.2 eV indicating that an extra bowing factor needs to be included in the band gap composition equation for this material system. InGaAs/AlInAs structures grown on top of the Al0.5Ga0.5As1−xSbx were also characterized and compared with similar structures grown on InP and were shown to exhibit similar PL intensities and Hall mobilities, indicating that the quaternary buffer layer can be used for growth of high-In concentration InGaAs device structures on GaAs.
Fuel Cell System for Solar Boat Battery-Extender - BZ-BattExt - (2010)

For special applications Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) are close to commercial application or already commercialized today. However for the step from laboratory to a broader market of fuel cells, significant cost reduction, as also an improvement in life time and power density of the systems is needed. These items were the focus of the project BZ-BattExt, to be reached by new knowledge in alternative materials, operation strategies as also the realisation of enhanced sub systems. This project is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research in the program of Micro fuel cells. In the project the feasibility of a micro-DMFC-system is evaluated which enables a minimised system periphery due to an improved system architecture. For this, alternative materials and functional components were developed and investigated. New membranes with reduced water and methanol permeation allow operation at low air stoichiometry, favourable for system efficiency. Gas diffusion layers of various compositions were tested and optimised material selected. New sealing materials with good methanol stability and optimized processibility in commercial production process were developed. MEA preparation was adapted to the new materials. The use of a simple, cost-effective way of stack production was demonstrated for DMFC use. The investigation and construction of enhanced subsystems and operation strategies, which enable and optimise the use of new components and materials, as also the realisation of the micro-DMFC-system is a focus of the project. The technical feasibility of the results is investigated application oriented, which means it is tested as battery extender of a solar boat. The fuel cell system serves as a basis for an efficient, compact and cost effective micro-DMFC-System as alternative for battery- or battery-extender systems which covers a broad variety of applications.
All-digital CDR for high-density, high-speed I/O (2010)

A novel all-digital CDR for source-synchronous links, and its implementation in 90nm CMOS, is presented. A phase alignment technique with ping-pong action between two clock phases is used. The system is implemented in static CMOS logic, occupies 0.234 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and dissipates 16.6 mW at 6 Gb/s, demonstrating BER <;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> with PRBS-7 input. The compactness and all-static-CMOS nature of the system make it suitable for use in high-speed I/Os requiring per-pin synchronization.
Correlated High-Pressure Phase Sequence of VO<sub>2</sub> under Strong Compression (2018)

Understanding how the structures of a crystal behave under compression is a fundamental issue both for condensed matter physics and for geoscience. Traditional description of a crystal as the stacking of a unit cell with special symmetry has gained much success on the analysis of physical properties. Unfortunately, it is hard to reveal the relationship between the compressed phases. Taking the family of metal dioxides (MO<sub>2</sub>) as an example, the structural evolution, subject to fixed chemical formula and highly confined space, often appears as a set of random and uncorrelated events. Here we provide an alternative way to treat the crystal as the stacking of the coordination polyhedron and then discover a unified structure transition pattern, in our case VO<sub>2</sub>. X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments and first-principles calculations show that the coordination increase happens only at one apex of the V-centered octahedron in an orderly fashion, leaving the base plane and the other apex topologically intact. The polyhedron evolves toward increasing their sharing, indicating a general rule for the chemical bonds of MO<sub>2</sub> to give away the ionicity in exchange for covalency under pressure.
Structure of NAD+ consuming <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> TIR domain. (2022)

Abstract Toll-like and Interleukin-1/18 receptor (TIR) resistance proteins have been identified across biology to function as important multimodal signal transduction and immune regulatory molecules. Select TIR domain containing proteins identified in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic species have also been found to have NAD+ hydrolase activity in bacteria, plants and in mammalian cells. We report the crystal structure of the Acinetobacter baumannii Toll-Interleukin-1 receptor resistance domain protein (AbTIR) determined to a resolution of 2.8 Å, confirm its enzymatic function in NAD+ hydrolysis and map its interaction with NAD+ using HDX-MS. Additionally, we have developed a novel assay for measuring AbTIR’s enzymatic activity in live bacteria using label-free quantitative two-photon fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging microscopy (2p-FLIM). These studies provide new insight into TIR protein mechanisms and their varying roles across biology. Supported by R01 AI-082299, R21 CA191726-01
Classical versus quantum harmonic-generation spectrum of a driven anharmonic oscillator in the high-frequency regime (1998)

The harmonic-generation spectrum of an anharmonic oscillator perturbed by a high-frequency, high-intensity external field is discussed from both classical and quantum mechanical points of view. The classical theory of harmonic generation in this regime is shown to provide a simple analytical expression for the probability to emit the $k$th harmonic of the external field frequency. The theory is applied to the harmonic generation by a charged particle moving in Morse and ``soft-core'' Coulomb model potentials and interacting with a time-periodic electric field. For both models the probability to emit the $k$th harmonic attains a maximal value at some ${k}_{\mathrm{max}}$ so that a single harmonic peak dominates the spectrum. ${k}_{\mathrm{max}}$ can be controlled by properly choosing the field and oscillator parameters. The quantum mechanical numerical results are shown to be in excellent agreement with the classical predictions due to the localization of the wave function around either stable (in the case of Morse potential) or unstable (in the case of ``soft-core'' Coulomb potential) equilibrium position of the corresponding effective Kramers-Henneberger potential.
A new design paradigm for floating point DSP applications based on ESL/HLS and FPGAs? (2013)

Digital signal processing has emerged in every aspect of modern life, with different implementations found in appliances ranging from simple answering machines to high speed multimedia cloud routers. The design of such appliances requires a number of decision steps, based on diverse criteria like time-to-market, development cost, production cost, production volume, performance, power consumption and algorithm complexity, to name just a few. A crucial decision step is the use of a floating or fixed-point number representation. This paper presents a new paradigm for the design of floating point applications, based on modern hardware design techniques like electronic system level design and high-level synthesis, and the computing capabilities and power efficiency of modern FPGA devices. Specifically, it presents the design of a reusable, floating point, hardware operator library, starting from an open source software implementation. The advantages of this new paradigm is productivity improvement and ease of integration, through the use (or reuse) of C level input specifications, and performance improvements, by applying a set of specific C level hardware coding guidelines. As found through extensive experimentation, performance and area optimizations offered by these guidelines can be even more than 90%. Such results make the presented methodology an appealing and very promising design alternative.
Development of a Cytoindentation Theory and Experiment for Obtaining Cell Biomechanical Properties (1996)

Abstract It is well known that cells respond to mechanical stimuli by altering their biochemical activities. To understand this phenomenon, termed mechanotransduction, it is necessary to quantify cellular stress-strain relationships. Various experiments have been developed in the literature to measure mechanical characteristics of cells. The most widely used technique involves micropipette aspiration to characterize flaccid cells in suspension. The areal modulus of an erythrocyte (Evans and Hochmuth, 1976) and the viscoelastic constants of leukocytes (Schmid-Schönbein et al, 1980) were measured using this technique. More recently “cell poking” was developed (Zahalak et al, 1990) to measure the stiffness and shear modulus of leukocytes. The objectives of our study were to develop a cytoindentation apparatus, experiment, and theoretical model to obtain the intrinsic material properties of the individual cell attached on a substrate.
Alkylaniline-Hemoglobin Adducts and Risk of Non-Smoking-Related Bladder Cancer (2004)

Diverse arylamine exposures are strongly associated with bladder cancer risk among nonsmokers. Because arylamines may account for a substantial proportion of bladder cancers among the general population, identification of environmental sources of these compounds is needed.
Toward the establishment of a standardized pre-clinical porcine model to predict food effects – Case studies on fenofibrate and paracetamol (2019)

A preclinical porcine model that reliably predicts human food effect of fenofibrate was developed. Fenofibrate was administered to pigs as model compound with a positive food effect. Two different types of fed conditions were explored: a FDA style breakfast and a standard pig pellet feed. In order to assess if complete stomach emptying had been achieved under the employed fasting protocol, the amount of gastric and intestinal content was evaluated post-mortem. In addition, the protocol was designed to evaluate gastric emptying in the pre- and postprandial state using paracetamol as a marker. The study confirmed that micronized fenofibrate displayed a positive food effect with a similar fold difference to humans in FDA style fed state. Post-mortem assessment of stomach and intestinal content confirmed significantly lower content in the fasted compared to the pig pellet fed state. In the case of paracetamol, a delayed gastric emptying in the fed state was not observed, which may suggest that the Magenstrasse phenomena reported in humans, may also occur in landrace pigs. The study demonstrated the utility of a food effect protocol in landrace pigs as a pre-clinical approach to predict human food effects and provided new insights into gastric emptying in pigs.
Observation of femtosecond laser pulses propagation in non-uniform optical media as form of motion picture (2006)

We demonstrate spatially and temporally continuous motion pictures of three-dimensional image of femtosecond light pulses propagating in non-uniform optical media. Light-in-flight recording by holography is applied to record the motion pictures. To record the three-dimensional image of the light propagation, a weakly diffusive optical medium with adequate volume made by gelatin jelly is introduced to the recording optical setup of the holography. A 226-femtosecond light pulse is incident into a graded-index medium consisting of gelatin jelly and sugar in the recording process. Then the recorded hologram is illuminated by a continuous wave laser operated at 728nm wavelength, which is the same as that of the laser pulse used in the recording, then we can clearly observe propagation of light pulse gradually curving. Also a 226-femtosecond light pulse is incident into a diffraction grating located in a uniform and diffusive medium in the recording process. Then we can observe diffraction of light pulse which split into three pulses and drastically changing the propagation direction.
Myocardial oxygenation and functional recovery in infarct rat hearts transplanted with mesenchymal stem cells (2009)

Stem cell therapy for myocardial tissue repair is limited by the poor survival of transplanted cells, possibly because of inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. The purpose of this study was to assess the oxygenation level and functional recovery after allogenic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Myocardial oxygen tension (Po(2)) was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry using an implantable oxygen-sensing spin probe (OxySpin). MSCs incubated with OxySpins showed substantial uptake of the probe without affecting its oxygen sensitivity or calibration. The cells internalized with OxySpins were able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, cardiomyocyte, and endothelial cell lineages. The labeled cells tested positive for CD44 and CD29 markers and negative for the hematopoietic markers CD14 and CD45. For the in vivo studies, MI was induced in rats by permanently ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. MSCs with OxySpins were transplanted in the infarct region of hearts. A significant increase in Po(2) was observed in the MSC group compared with the untreated MI group (18.1 +/- 2.6 vs. 13.0 +/- 1.8 mmHg, n = 4, P < 0.05) at 4 wk after transplantation. Echocardiography showed a significant improvement in ejection fraction and fraction shortening, which inversely correlated with the magnitude of fibrosis in the treated hearts. The cell-transplanted hearts also showed an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor level and capillary density in the infarct region. The study established our ability to measure and correlate changes in myocardial tissue oxygenation with cardiac function in infarcted rat hearts treated with MSCs.
Translational opportunities for broad‐spectrum natural phytochemicals and targeted agent combinations in breast cancer (2017)

Breast cancer (BC) prevention and therapy in the context of life-style risk factors and biological drivers is a major focus of developmental therapeutics in oncology. Obesity, alcohol, chronic estrogen signaling and smoking have distinct BC precipitating and facilitating effects that may act alone or in combination. A spectrum of signaling events including enhanced oxidative stress and changes in estrogen-receptor (ER)-dependent and -independent signaling drive the progression of BC. Breast tumors modulate ERα/ERβ ratio, upregulate proliferative pathways driven by ERα and HER2 with a parallel loss and/or downregulation of tumor suppressors such as TP53 and PTEN which together impact the efficacy of therapeutic strategies and frequently lead to emergence of drug resistance. Natural phytochemicals modulate oxidative stress, leptin, integrin, HER2, MAPK, ERK, Wnt/β-catenin and NFκB signaling along with regulating ERα and ERβ, thereby presenting unique opportunities for both primary and combinatorial interventions in BC. In this regard, this article focuses on critical analyses of the evidence from multiple studies on the efficacy of natural phytochemicals in BC. In addition, areas in which the combinations of such effective natural phytochemicals with approved and/or developing anticancer agents can be translationally beneficial are discussed to derive evidence-based inference for addressing challenges in BC control and therapy.