gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System-level memory management based on statistical variability compensation for frame-based applications (2013)

Process variability and dynamic domains increase the uncertainty of embedded systems and force designers to apply pessimistic designs, which become unnecessarily conservative and have a tremendous impact on both performance and energy consumption. In this context, developing uncertainty-aware design methodologies that take both variation at platform and at application level into account becomes a must. These methodologies should mitigate the effects derived from uncertainty, avoiding worst-case assumptions. In this article we propose a comprehensive methodology to tackle two forms of uncertainty: (1) process variation on the memory system, (2) application dynamism. A statistical model has been developed to deal with variability derived from fabrication process, whereas system scenarios are selected to cope with dynamic domains. Both sources of uncertainty are firstly tackled in combination at design time, to be refined later, at setup. As a result, at run time the platform can be successfully adapted to the current application behaviour as well as the current variations. Our simulations show that this methodology provides significant energy savings while still meeting strict timing constraints.
A Mouse Model of Congenital Heart Disease: Cardiac Arrhythmias and Atrial Septal Defect Caused by Haploinsufficiency of the Cardiac Transcription Factor Csx/Nkx2.5 (2002)

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most commonbirth defect in humans, affecting ~8 per 1000 live births(Friedman 1997). More children die from CHD than fromall childhood malignancies combined. However, themolecular mechanisms underlying CHD are largely unknown...
Numerical Methodology for Coupled Time-Accurate Simulations of Primary and Secondary Flowpaths in Gas Turbines (2006)

Detailed information of the flow-fields in the secondary flowpaths and their interaction with the primary flows in gas turbine engines is necessary for successful designs with optimized secondary flow streams. Present work is focused on the development of a simulation methodology for coupled time-accurate solutions of the two flowpaths. The secondary flowstream is treated using SCISEAL, an unstructured adaptive Cartesian grid code developed for secondary flows and seals, while the mainpath flow is solved using TURBO, a density based code with capability of resolving rotor-stator interaction in multi-stage machines. An interface is being tested that links the two codes at the rim seal to allow data exchange between the two codes for parallel, coupled execution. A description of the coupling methodology and the current status of the interface development is presented. Representative steady-state solutions of the secondary flow in the UTRC HP Rig disc cavity are also presented.
Phase Matching of Noncollinear Sum and Difference Frequency High Harmonic Generation (2017)

We experimentally investigate phase matching of high harmonic generation in a noncollinear geometry and demonstrate phase matching above critical ionization using noncollinear high-order-difference-frequency generation, which provides a route to maximize the generated photon energies.
NMR and EPR spectroscopies, mass-spectrometry and protein imaging (2007)

Preface NMR and EPR Spectroscopy Analysing Protein Folding by NMR EPR Methods for Evaluating Copper Binding Sites in Prion and other Partially Structured Proteins Variable Velocity Liquid Flow EPR and Submillisecond Protein Folding EPR/ESR/EMR Methods for Studying Calcium Binding Proteins Mass-Spectrometry Stopped-flow Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Modern Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Methods Applied to Biomarker Identification and Drug Target Discovery Analysis of Partially Folded Proteins by Electron Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Protein Imaging Atomic Force Microscopy Protein Structure by Cryo-electron Microscopy Miscellaneous Time-resolved Optical Rotatory Dispersion Studies of Azobenzene Cross-Linked Peptides Phase Diagram Method for Analysis of Protein Folding The use of Protein Engineering Methods for Studies of Calcium Binding Proteins Analysis of Membrane-bound Protein Association using Fluorescence Spectroscopy The Role of Aromatic Interactions in Folding, Stability and Molecular Recognition of Proteins and Polypeptides Index.
MICRO-MINIATURE SPLIT STIRLING LINEAR CRYCOOLER (2010)

Novel tactics for rescue, surveillance, reconnaissance, force protection, perimeter security, navigation and targeting often involve the use of miniature infrared imagers, where the cooled imaging systems are known to be superior to their uncooled rivals in terms of working range, resolution and ability to distinguish/track fast moving objects in dynamic infrared scenes. The latest technological advances in industrial applications of high‐temperature infrared detectors have spurred the development of linearly driven, long life, dynamically quiet and aurally undetectable micro‐miniature split Stirling linear cryogenic coolers. Recent progress in designing highly efficient “moving magnet” resonant linear actuators and dedicated smart electronics have enabled further improvements to the cooler’s size, weight, power consumption, cooldown time and ownership costs.The authors report on the development of a novel micro‐miniature split Stirling linear cryogenic cooler, where, by means of increasing the driving frequency up to 90 Hz, it appeared possible to shorten the cold finger to 19 mm. The cooler was specifically designed to cool a new generation of 130 K infrared detectors for portable infrared imagers, where compactness, low steady‐state power consumption, fast cool‐down time, vibration export and aural stealth are of primary concern.
&lt;title&gt;Concurrent imaging and sensing using a single optical imaging fiber&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

A sensor capable of simultaneous imaging and pH measurements has been prepared by coating the distal tip of a single imaging fiber with a pH sensitive material. The coated fiber is fabricated using photochemical polymerization with a spin coating technique and results in a fairly uniform coating of polyHEMA/fluorescein on the order of 5 micrometers thick. Performance data and imaging capabilities, as well as instrumentation requirements and deposition chemistry, will be discussed. Progress towards the fabrication of enzyme based biosensors utilizing this technique will also be presented.
A new multi-layer scintillation detector for detection of neutron-gamma radiation (2015)

We present the results of our experimental and theoretical studies of fast neutron detection efficiencies of a newly-developed multi-layer scintillation detector comprised of a series of alternating layers of a composite inorganic scintillator material and an optically transparent plastic scintillator material (brand ZEBRA). We investigated the response of this type of detector to neutrons from <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">239</sup> Pu-Be and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf sources. We evaluated the sensitivity of such ZEBRA detectors as a function of different thicknesses of the alternating layers of composite scintillator and light guides to optimize the performance of these structures. We compared the detection efficiency of these detectors with detectors based on the single crystals ZnSe, ZWO and GSO. We also analyzed the detection sensitivity of these crystal scintillation detectors as a function of thickness and cross-sectional area of the detection material. Finally, we created software that permits the achievement of a high level (up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ) suppression of gamma-radiation from both accompanying and other external gamma-radiation.
TNF- -mediated caspase-8 activation induces ROS production and TRPM2 activation in adult ventricular myocytes (2014)

These results demonstrate that TNF-α induces a TRPM2 current in adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. TNF-α induces caspase-8 activation leading to ROS production, PARP-1 activation, and ADP-ribose production. TNF-induced TRPM2 activation may contribute to cardiomyocyte cell death.
A multilens measurement platform for high-throughput adhesion measurements (2004)

Current high-throughput methodologies for measuring interfacial adhesion typically rely on serial or sequential testing of discrete or continuous libraries. We have developed a measurement platform that employs an array of micro-lenses to simultaneously measure adhesion at multiple points on a planar specimen library. This technique relies on the accurate measurement of the overall lens array displacement, rather than load and individual lens contact areas to quantify the work of adhesion using the Johnson, Kendall and Roberts (JKR) model. We demonstrate the ability of this technique to measure the work of adhesion (loading) and energy release rate (unloading) for a polydimethylsiloxane lens array against glass, and we compare our work of adhesion measurements to the traditional single-lens geometry. We find the work of adhesion measured with the multilens array is 18.9 mJ m−2 ± 9.4 mJ m−2 compared to 20 mJ m−2 ± 5 mJ m−2 for a single-lens experiment. Also, the micro-lens array deviates from the JKR model when the lens array displacement is comparable to lens height.
Overcoming information asymmetry in consumer-directed health plans. (2007)

Consumer-centric healthcare has been extolled as the centerpiece of a new model for managing both quality and price. However, information asymmetry in consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs) is a challenge that must be addressed. For CDHPs to work as intended and to gain acceptance, consumers need information regarding the quality and price of healthcare purchases. The federal government, particularly the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, could function as an official resource for information on performance and comparisons among facilities and providers. Because of workforce constraints among primary care physicians, a new group of healthcare professionals called "medical decision advisors" could be trained. Academic health centers would have to play a critical role in devising an appropriate curriculum, as well as designing a certification and credentialing process. However, with appropriate curricula and training, medical decision advisors could furnish information for consumers and aid in the complicated decisions they will face under CDHPs.
Outcomes of Sacral Neurostimulation Lead Reimplantation for Fecal Incontinence (2015)

The improvements in fecal incontinence are significantly better after index implantation than after reimplantation.
Antiviral activity of acid beta-glucosidase 1 on enterovirus 71, a causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (2017)

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). EV71 causes fever, rash, diarrhoea and, in some cases, acute encephalopathy/encephalitis, which can be fatal. No specific treatment is currently available for EV71 infection. Here, we conducted a cDNA library screen and identified acid β-glucosidase 1 (GBA1; also known as β-glucocerebrosidase) as an EV71 resistance factor. The anti-EV71 function of GBA1 was verified by gene transduction and knockdown experiments. Cerezyme, a molecular drug used to treat Gaucher's disease and having recombinant human GBA1 as the active ingredient, protected against EV71 infection. The anti-EV71 activity of GBA1 was bimodal: endogenous GBA1 restricted cell surface expression levels of scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2), also known as lysosomal integral membrane protein 2 (LIMP-2), and exogenous recombinant GBA1 interfered with EV71 to interact with SCARB2 outside the cell. Thus, our findings suggest that GBA1 may represent a novel molecular target for the treatment of EV71 infection.
Evaluation of a proposed method for representing drug terminology. (1999)

In the absence of a single, standard, multipurpose terminology for representing medications, the HL7 Vocabulary Technical Committee has sought to develop a model for such terms in a way that will provide a unified method for representing them and supporting interoperability among various terminology systems. We evaluated the preliminary model by obtaining terms, represented in our model, from three leading vendors of pharmacy system knowledge bases. A total of 2303 terms were obtained, and 3982 pair-wise comparisons were possible. We found that the components of the term descriptions matched 68-87% of the time and that the overall descriptions matched 53% of the time. The evaluation has identified a number of areas in the model where more rigorous definitions will be needed in order to improve the matching rate. This paper discusses the implications of these results.
Magnetic Form applying a C-Shaped Magnet for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2021)

Currently, electrification for vehicles such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug in-hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has received considerable attention, owing to the urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions created from transportation and the energy dependency on crude oil. Honda has set a target whereby two-thirds of total global sales should come from EVs by 2030. A traction motor is an essential component of electrified vehicles. Generally, interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are used as traction motors owing to their high torque and power density, high efficiency and ease of use. The design of rotors, which consist of magnets and electrical steel sheets, is important for IPMSMs because their average torque, efficiency, quietness, as well as cost depend on it. We have developed a novel rotor, which allows for a degree of freedom in the shape of the magnets. In the proposed rotor, first, the shape and position of the magnets are determined parametrically under manufacturing constraints. Then, the shape of the electrical steel sheet is determined by the ideal flux-line using maximized Lq-Ld. This involves combining q-axis flux and flux shape optimization for a practical design of the rotor. We also reduced torque ripple by considering the magnet position and dimple design. Rotors that are used in electrified vehicles are rotated at a maximum speed without gearing; therefore, the rotor must be designed by taking into consideration not only the magnetic forces but also the centrifugal ones. Therefore, we studied a mechanical simulation by optimizing magnetic performance while limiting maximum stress and displacement. We also developed a new production process for a C-shaped sintered and hot-deformed magnet.
Socio-technical logics of correctness in the scientific software development ecosystem (2018)

Science increasingly depends on software. From configuration and control of instruments, to statistical analysis, simulation and visualization, virtually every workflow that generates scientific results involves software.1 In practice, scientific collaboration in a growing number of disciplines means drawing together different software artifacts produced in different ways, by different people, to build an ensemble artifact that does scientific work and, ultimately, provides reasons to believe scientific conclusions. In this position paper we present an understanding of the scientific software development ecosystem that is emerging from our interviews of working scientists who develop software in the course of their science. First we describe the types of software and software development being undertaken. We then focus in on three logics of correctness that have emerged from our interviews. We demonstrate that these logics are closely linked to the social circumstances of the software’s production and use and the type of software; these are socio-technical logics. We conclude by examining the implications of this understanding for shaping policies designed to maximize the return on the substantial public investments in scientific software production.
Near unity Raman $β$-factor of surface enhanced Raman scattering in a waveguide (2021)

The Raman scattering of light by molecular vibrations offers a powerful technique to 'fingerprint' molecules via their internal bonds and symmetries. Since Raman scattering is weak, methods to enhance, direct and harness it are highly desirable, e.g. through the use of optical cavities, waveguides, and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). While SERS offers dramatic enhancements by localizing light within vanishingly small 'hot-spots' in metallic nanostructures, these tiny interaction volumes are only sensitive to few molecules, yielding weak signals that are difficult to detect. Here, we show that SERS from 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecules bonded to a plasmonic gap waveguide is directed into a single mode with &gt;99% efficiency. Although sacrificing a confinement dimension, we find 10$^4$ times SERS enhancement across a broad spectral range enabled by the waveguide's larger sensing volume and non-resonant mode. Remarkably, the waveguide-SERS (W-SERS) is bright enough to image Raman transport across the waveguides exposing the roles of nanofocusing and the Purcell effect. Emulating the $β$-factor from laser physics, the near unity Raman $β$-factor observed exposes the SERS technique in a new light and points to alternative routes to controlling Raman scattering. The ability of W-SERS to direct Raman scattering is relevant to Raman sensors based on integrated photonics with applications in gas and bio-sensing as well as healthcare.
A Combined Therapeutic Approach in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review on Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation plus Pharmacotherapy (2014)

Stroke is a leading cause of disability in the United States. Available treatments for stroke have only a modest effect on motor rehabilitation and about 50-60% of stroke patients remain with some degree of motor impairment after standard treatment. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been proposed as adjuvant treatments to physical therapy for motor recovery after stroke. High frequency rTMS and anodal tDCS can be delivered over the affected motor cortex in order to increase cortical excitability and induce brain plasticity with the intention to enhance motor learning and achieve functional goals in stroke patients. Similarly, low frequency rTMS and cathodal tDCS can be delivered to the unaffected motor cortex to reduce interhemispheric inhibition and hinder maladaptive plasticity. The use of several drugs such as amphetamines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), levodopa and cholinergic agents have been also proposed to enhance the motor function. Given that both NIBS and pharmacotherapy might provide some treatment effect independently for motor rehabilitation in stroke and with the rationale that they could work in a synergistic fashion, we believe that a combined therapy- NIBS plus pharmacotherapy- canlead to better outcomes than one or the other alone. In this paper we review the literature that support the potential use of a combined approach in stroke recovery and present the studies that have already investigated this idea.
Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin Reduces Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Unsuitable for Vitamin K Antagonist Therapy (2009)

For high-risk atrial fibrillation patients who are unsuitable for Vitamin K antagonist (eg, warfarin) therapy, dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin reduces the risk of major vascular events compared with aspirin alone, according to findings from the Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events [ACTIVE]-A trial [NCT000249873].
More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes (2023)

The dissipation in an irreversible step process is reduced when the number of steps is increased in any refinement of the steps in the process. This is a consequence of the ladder theorem, which states that, for any irreversible process proceeding by a sequence of relaxations, dividing any relaxation step into two will result in a new sequence that is more efficient than the original one. This results in a more-steps-the-better rule, even when the new sequence of steps is not reoptimized. This superiority of many steps is well established empirically in, e.g., insulation and separation applications. In particular, the fact that the division of any step into two steps improves the overall efficiency has interesting implications for biological evolution and emphasizes thermodynamic length as a central measure for dissipation.
Thermal Property Control by Copolymerization of Trimethylene Carbonate and Its Derivative Bearing Triphenylmethyl Group (2022)

Abstract In order to tune the thermal properites of ester‐free type poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) derivatives, the copolymers of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and a TMC derivative bearing a triphenylmethyl group (TrTMC) were synthesized with various copolymerization ratios. The copolymers of TMC and TrTMC were obtained by varying the feeding ratio of their monomers with good yields as hexane‐isopropanol (9/1, v/v) insoluble part. The structures were confirmed by both FT‐IR and 1 H NMR spectra, showing the copolymer composition was controlled in a good manner. The thermal degradation temperature at 10 % weight loss gradually increased from 198 °C to 301 °C, depending on the introduced amount of TrTMC, indicating that the thermal decomposition was based on the monomer unit structure. The glass transition temperatures of copolymers also gradually increased from −38 °C to 57 °C. These results show that the thermal properties of the ester free type TMC derivatives could be overcome by the copolymerization, and that the thermal properties could be varied by controlling the feed ratio of comonomers.
Direct Control of Stem Cell Behavior Using Biomaterials and Genetic Factors (2018)

Stem cells have recently emerged as an important candidate for cell therapy. However, some major limitations still exist such as a small quantity of cell supply, senescence, and insufficient differentiation efficiency. Therefore, there is an unmet need to control stem cell behavior for better clinical performance. Since native microenvironment factors including stem cell niche, genetic factors, and growth factors direct stem cell fate cooperatively, user-specified <i>in vitro</i> settings are required to understand the regulatory roles and effects of each factor, thereby applying the factors for improved cell therapy. Among others, various types of biomaterials and transfection method have been employed as key tools for development of the <i>in vitro</i> settings. This review focuses on the current strategies to improve stemness maintenance, direct differentiation, and reprogramming using biomaterials and genetic factors without any aids from additional biochemicals and growth factors.