gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robotic system for collaborative control in minimally invasive surgery (1999)

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a cost‐effective alternative to the open surgery whereby essentially the same operations are performed using specialized instruments designed to fit into the body through several tiny punctures instead of one large incision. The EndoBots (Endoscopic Robots) described here are designed for collaborative operation between the surgeon and the robotic device. The surgeon can program the device to be operated completely manually, collaboratively where motion of the robotic device in certain directions is under computer control and in others under manual surgeon control, or autonomously where the complete device is under computer control. Furthermore, the robotic tools can be quickly changed from a robotic docking station, allowing different robotic tools to be used in an operation.
LEAST-COST WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS: USING GIS DATA IN ECONOMIC MODELING OF A WATERSHED (2003)

Phosphorus pollution from excessive litter application causes eutorphication of lakes in the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed in eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. Consequent algal blooms impair the taste of municipal water supply drawn from the watershed. The paper shows how GIS data based biophysical modeling can be used to derive spatially optimal, least-cost allocation of management practices to reduce phosphorus runoff in the watershed. Transportation activities were added to the model so that transport of litter within and out of the watershed was possible. Results from the mathematical program suggest that uniform regulation of litter application is excessively costly regulatory measure and hence a regulation that assigns management practices according to the specific spatial characteristics is preferred. The results also show that alum based litter additives may be economically efficient management option.
Enhanced Stability in Rigid Peptide‐Based Porous Materials (2012)

Pepped up: Notwithstanding the intrinsic conformational flexibility of peptides, [Zn(Gly-Thr)(2)] behaves as a robust porous metal-organic framework thanks to the rigidity introduced by the use of Gly-Thr (see scheme). This rigidity arises from the sequence of amino acids in the dipeptide that locks its conformational flexibility in the framework.
Maternal serum androgens in pregnant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: possible implications in prenatal androgenization (2002)

The present study demonstrates a significant increase in androgen concentrations during pregnancy in PCOS women. We propose that these androgen concentrations could provide a potential source of androgen excess for the fetus, without leading to fetal virilization.
Genomic risk factors in sudden infant death syndrome (2010)

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a major contributor to postneonatal infant death, and is the third leading cause of infant mortality in the USA. While public health efforts have reduced these deaths in recent years, the pathogenesis of SIDS remains unclear. Epidemiological data on SIDS-related deaths have suggested genetic factors, and many studies have attempted to identify SIDS-associated genes. This has resulted in a large body of literature implicating various genes and their encoded proteins and signaling pathways in numerous cohorts of various sizes and ethnicities. This review has undertaken a systematic evaluation of these studies, identifying the pathways that have been implicated in these studies, including central nervous system pathways, cardiac channelopathies, immune dysfunction, metabolism/energy pathways, and nicotine response. This review also explores how new genomic techniques will aid in advancing our knowledge of the genomic risk factors associated with SIDS, including SNPs and copy number variation. Last, this review explores how the current information can be applied to aid in our assessment of the at risk infant population.
Bayesian estimation of motion vector fields (1992)

A stochastic approach to the estimation of 2D motion vector fields from time-varying images is presented. The formulation involves the specification of a deterministic structural model along with stochastic observation and motion field models. Two motion models are proposed: a globally smooth model based on vector Markov random fields and a piecewise smooth model derived from coupled vector-binary Markov random fields. Two estimation criteria are studied. In the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimation, the a posteriori probability of motion given data is maximized, whereas in the minimum expected cost (MEC) estimation, the expectation of a certain cost function is minimized. Both algorithms generate sample fields by means of stochastic relaxation implemented via the Gibbs sampler. Two versions are developed: one for a discrete state space and the other for a continuous state space. The MAP estimation is incorporated into a hierarchical environment to deal efficiently with large displacements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Examination of Tensile Deformation and Void Nucleation Behaviors of Duplex Stainless Steel Using Nano-Indentation Hardness Test (2014)

The plastic deformation behavior in a uniaxial tensile test was examined by applying the nano-indentation hardness test to the ferrite-austenite duplex stainless steel. Each phase revealed the same hardness and a different work hardening ratio. The effect of the hardness difference in each phase on the void nucleation process was investigated by means of EBSD analysis.From the EBSD analysis, deformation twinning and deformation-induced martensitic transformation were observed in the austenite phase near the fracture surface. The hardness of austenite rose to a higher degree than that of ferrite, and showed an extremely-high value due to martensitic transformation. The void appeared mainly at the interface between the martensite induced by deformation and the ferrite phases. Thus the void nucleation was enhanced by the martensitic transformation which occurred at the location of higher equivalent strain of 1.5.
Low energy nanoemulsification to design veterinary controlled drug delivery devices (2010)

Thierry F Vandamme, Nicolas Anton, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch Cedex, France; UMR CNRS 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Mol&amp;amp;eacute;cules Bioactives, &amp;amp;eacute;quipe de Pharmacie Biogal&amp;amp;eacute;nique, Illkirch Cedex, France,&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;This work is selected as Controlled Release Society Outstanding Veterinary Paper Award 2010Abstract: The unique properties of nanomaterials related to structural stability and quantum-scale reactive properties open up a world of possibilities that could be exploited to design and to target drug delivery or create truly microscale biological sensors for veterinary applications. We developed cost-saving and solvent-free nanoemulsions. Formulated with a low-energy method, these nanoemulsions can find application in the delivery of controlled amounts of drugs into the beverage of breeding animals (such as poultry, cattle, pigs) or be used for the controlled release of injectable poorly water-soluble drugs.Keywords: nanoemulsion, nanomedicine, low-energy emulsification, veterinary, ketoprofen, sulfamethazine
Milligram-scale high-voltage power electronics for piezoelectric microrobots (2009)

Piezoelectric actuators can achieve high efficiency and power density in very small geometries, which shows promise for microrobotic applications, such as flapping-wing robotic insects. From the perspective of power electronics, such actuators present two challenges: high operating voltages, ranging from tens to thousands of volts, and a low electromechanical coupling factor, which necessitates the recovery of unused electrical energy. This paper explores the power electronics design problem by establishing the drive requirements of piezoelectric actuators, presenting circuit topologies and control methods suitable for driving different types of piezoelectric actuators in microrobotic applications, and demonstrating experimental realizations of sub-100 mg power electronics circuits.
Simplification of the Diagnostic Management of Suspected Deep Vein Thrombosis (2002)

It is safe to withhold repeated ultrasonography in patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis who have normal results of ultrasonograpy and the SimpliRED D-dimer assay at presentation. The combination of a low clinical pretest probability with a normal result of compression ultrasonography or the D-dimer assay appears to be equally safe in refuting the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.
Glucose-responsive oral insulin delivery for postprandial glycemic regulation (2018)

Controlling postprandial glucose levels for diabetic patients is critical to achieve the tight glycemic control that decreases the risk for developing long-term micro- and macrovascular complications. Herein, we report a glucose-responsive oral insulin delivery system based on Fc receptor (FcRn)-targeted liposomes with glucose-sensitive hyaluronic acid (HA) shell for postprandial glycemic regulation. After oral administration, the HA shell can quickly detach in the presence of increasing intestinal glucose concentration due to the competitive binding of glucose with the phenylboronic acid groups conjugated with HA. The exposed Fc groups on the surface of liposomes then facilitate enhanced intestinal absorption in an FcRn-mediated transport pathway. In vivo studies on chemically-induced type 1 diabetic mice show this oral glucose-responsive delivery approach can effectively reduce postprandial blood glucose excursions. This work is the first demonstration of an oral insulin delivery system directly triggered by increasing postprandial glucose concentrations in the intestine to provide an on-demand insulin release with ease of administration.
Common cancer-associated imbalances in the DNA damage response confer sensitivity to single agent ATR inhibition (2015)

ATR is an attractive target in cancer therapy because it signals replication stress and DNA lesions for repair and to S/G2 checkpoints. Cancer-specific defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) may render cancer cells vulnerable to ATR inhibition alone. We determined the cytotoxicity of the ATR inhibitor VE-821 in isogenically matched cells with DDR imbalance. Cell cycle arrest, DNA damage accumulation and repair were determined following VE-821 exposure.Defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR: ATM, BRCA2 and XRCC3) and base excision repair (BER: XRCC1) conferred sensitivity to VE-821. Surprisingly, the loss of different components of the trimeric non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) protein DNA-PK had opposing effects. Loss of the DNA-binding component, Ku80, caused hypersensitivity to VE-821, but loss of its partner catalytic subunit, DNA-PKcs, did not. Unexpectedly, VE-821 was particularly cytotoxic to human and hamster cells expressing high levels of DNA-PKcs. High DNA-PKcs was associated with replicative stress and activation of the DDR. VE-821 suppressed HRR, determined by RAD51 focus formation, to a greater extent in cells with high DNA-PKcs.Defects in HRR and BER and high DNA-PKcs expression, that are common in cancer, confer sensitivity to ATR inhibitor monotherapy and may be developed as predictive biomarkers for personalised medicine.
SELECTIVE Reactive Ion Etching of Tungsten Films in Fluorinated Gases (1987)

The use of reactive ion etching (RIE) with fluorinated gas plasmas, such as SF6, CHF3 and CF4 mixed with oxygen, to achieve selective patterning of tungsten films is reported. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was used to improve the properties of sputtered films. The resistivity of W films was found to decrease rapidly with annealing time (within 10sec) and to exhibit an Arrhenius behaviour with annealing temperature. The etch rates of W, Si and SiO2 were measured as a function of oxygen percentage in the fluorinated gas plasma. The results on optimum selectivity indicate that a CHF3/70%O mixture results in W:Si and W:SiO2 etch rate ratios of 2.4:1 and 2.1:1 for unannealed W films, and 1.6:1 and 1.8:1 for annealed samples, respectively. A higher W etch rate selectivity over SiO2 was obtained in an SF6/ 5% O2 plasma where the etch rate ratio is 11. 6:1 for unannealed W films and 3:1 for annealed W samples. For reverse selectivity, the optimum W:SiO2 etch rate ratios measured are 1:7.7 in pure CHF3 gas for unannealed W and 1:4.6 for annealed W. The optimum W:Si reverse selectivity of 1:10 is obtained with an SF6/30%O2 mixture plasma for both annealed and unannealed films. Satisfactory anisotropic edge profiles were obtained with CHF3 /70%O2 and SF6/5%O2 where vertical-to-later etch ratios of 3. 5:1 and 2:1 were measured. Keywords: Tungsten films, Reactive ion etching, Selectivity, fluorinated gases.
Germline JAK2 Mutations In The Kinase Domain Are Responsible For Hereditary Thrombocytosis and Are Resistant To JAK2 and HSP90 Inhibitors (2013)

Abstract The main molecular basis of essential thrombocytemia and hereditary thrombocytosis are acquired and germline activating mutations affecting the thrombopoietin signaling axis, respectively. We have identified two families with hereditary thrombocytosis presenting novel heterozygous germline mutations of JAK2. One family carries the JAK2 R867Q mutation located in the kinase domain, while the other presents two JAK2 mutations, S755R/R938Q, located in cis in both the pseudokinase and kinase domains. Expression of JAK2 R867Q and S755R/R938Q induced spontaneous growth of Ba/F3-MPL but not of Ba/F3-EPOR cells. Interestingly, both Ba/F3-MPL cells expressing the mutants and platelets from patients displayed a TPO-independent phosphorylation of STAT1. JAK2 R867Q and S755R/R938Q, compared to JAK2 V617F, had significantly longer half-lives correlating with an increased MPL cell surface expression. Moreover, these mutations conferred a resistance to JAK2 and HSP90 inhibitors compared to JAK2 V617F. Our results suggest that the mutations in the kinase domain of JAK2 may confer a weak activation of signaling specifically dependent on MPL, while inducing resistance to clinically available JAK2 inhibitors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Label-Free In-Flow Detection of Single DNA Molecules using Glass Nanopipettes (2013)

With the view of enhancing the functionality of label-free single molecule nanopore-based detection, we have designed and developed a highly robust, mechanically stable, integrated nanopipette-microfluidic device which combines the recognized advantages of microfluidic systems and the unique properties/advantages of nanopipettes. Unlike more typical planar solid-state nanopores, which have inherent geometrical constraints, nanopipettes can be easily positioned at any point within a microfluidic channel. This is highly advantageous, especially when taking into account fluid flow properties. We show that we are able to detect and discriminate between DNA molecules of varying lengths when motivated through a microfluidic channel, upon the application of appropriate voltage bias across the nanopipette. The effects of applied voltage and volumetric flow rates have been studied to ascertain translocation event frequency and capture rate. Additionally, by exploiting the advantages associated with microfluidic systems (such as flow control and concomitant control over analyte concentration/presence), we show that the technology offers a new opportunity for single molecule detection and recognition in microfluidic devices.
A new laser-based method for strain rate and vorticity measurements (1998)

A novel laser-based technique for the measurement of strain rate and vorticity in transparent fluid flows is presented. The technique is based on the collection and direct heterodyning of coherent light scattered from individual seed particles in two adjacent locations and, thereby, allowing the determination of a component of the strain rate tensor. The beat frequency of the heterodyned light, which is proportional to the velocity difference of the two points, is analysed using a conventional LDA processor. The angle between the laser beam and the direction of the scattered light determines the measured component of velocity. Therefore, a component of the vorticity vector can be measured by using two sets of transmitting and collecting optics, focused at a single location, along with two LDA processors. The basic principle of the technique is verified through measurements on a thin rotating wire and in a laminar flow between two concentric cylinders with excellent results. In the latter experiment, the measured velocity differences between two radial locations in the flow agree very well with the exact solution.
Efficacy of<scp>COX</scp>‐2 inhibitors in controlling inflammation and capsular opacification after phacoemulsification cataract removal (2014)

Eyes receiving celecoxib-IOL/PA had better initial control of inflammation. Bromfenac was equally effective compared with PA in controlling inflammation. There was no association between COX-2 inhibitor administration and ocular hypertension. Celecoxib-IOL/PA-treated eyes showed better initial control of PCO (up to 12 weeks), while eyes receiving bromfenac had better long-term control of PCO (56 weeks).
New Doppler ultrasound signs improve the non-invasive diagnosis of cirrhosis or severe liver fibrosis (2004)

Cirrhosis can be correctly diagnosed in approximately 90% of patients with compensated chronic liver disease using a few Doppler ultrasound signs including a new sign, the hepatic vein spectrum. Doppler ultrasound could be used for the first line diagnosis and biochemical markers, such as hyaluronate, in patients with missing Doppler ultrasound data.
ChemInform Abstract: Contrasting Reactivity in Lewis Acid Promoted Reactions of Thio‐ and Silylallenes with 1,4‐Benzoquinones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Don't Persist All : Efficient Persistent Data Structures (2019)

Data structures used in software development have inbuilt redundancy to improve software reliability and to speed up performance. Examples include a Doubly Linked List which allows a faster deletion due to the presence of the previous pointer. With the introduction of Persistent Memory, storing the redundant data fields into persistent memory adds a significant write overhead, and reduces performance. In this work, we focus on three data structures - Doubly Linked List, B+Tree and Hashmap, and showcase alternate partly persistent implementations where we only store a limited set of data fields to persistent memory. After a crash/restart, we use the persistent data fields to recreate the data structures along with the redundant data fields. We compare our implementation with the base implementation and show that we achieve speedups around 5-20% for some data structures, and up to 165% for a flush-dominated data structure.
Self‐Assembly of a Semiconductive and Photoactive Heterobimetallic Metal–Organic Capsule (2021)

We report the synthesis of a novel metal-organic capsule constructed from six pyrogallol[4]arene macrocycles, which are switched together by 16 Fe<sup>III</sup> and 16 Co<sup>II</sup> ions. This supramolecular structure is the first instance of a spheroidal heterometallic nanocage assembled through a one-step metal-ligand coordination approach. This new assembly also demonstrates an important proof of concept through the formation of multiple heterometallic metal-metal interactions within the capsule framework. Photophysical and electrochemical studies of self-assembled capsule films indicate their potential as semiconductors. These materials display unexpected photoelectric conversion properties, thus representing an emergent phenomenon in discrete metal-organic supramolecular assemblies.
SU‐G‐JeP3‐08: Robotic System for Ultrasound Tracking in Radiation Therapy (2016)

Purpose: For safe and accurate real‐time tracking of tumors for IGRT using 4D ultrasound, it is necessary to make use of novel, high‐end force‐sensitive lightweight robots designed for human‐machine interaction. Such a robot will be integrated into an existing robotized ultrasound system for non‐invasive 4D live tracking, using a newly developed real‐time control and communication framework. Methods: The new KUKA LWR iiwa robot is used for robotized ultrasound real‐time tumor tracking. Besides more precise probe contact pressure detection, this robot provides an additional 7th link, enhancing the dexterity of the kinematic and the mounted transducer. Several integrated, certified safety features create a safe environment for the patients during treatment. However, to remotely control the robot for the ultrasound application, a real‐time control and communication framework has to be developed. Based on a client/server concept, client‐side control commands are received and processed by a central server unit and are implemented by a client module running directly on the robot's controller. Several special functionalities for robotized ultrasound applications are integrated and the robot can now be used for real‐time control of the image quality by adjusting the transducer position, and contact pressure. The framework was evaluated looking at overall real‐time capability for communication and processing of three different standard commands. Results: Due to inherent, certified safety modules, the new robot ensures a safe environment for patients during tumor tracking. Furthermore, the developed framework shows overall real‐time capability with a maximum average latency of 3.6 ms (Minimum 2.5 ms; 5000 trials). Conclusion: The novel KUKA LBR iiwa robot will advance the current robotized ultrasound tracking system with important features. With the developed framework, it is now possible to remotely control this robot and use it for robotized ultrasound tracking applications, including image quality control and target tracking.
Design of photonic crystal optical waveguides withsinglemodepropagation in the photonic bandgap (2000)

The authors present a systematic method for designing dielectric-core photonic crystal optical waveguides that support only one mode in the photonic bandgap (PBG). It is shown that by changing the sizes of the air columns (without perturbing the positions of the centres of the air column) in the two rows that are adjacent to the middle slab, the higher order mode(s) can be pushed out of the photonic bandgap, resulting in singlemode wave propagation in the bandgap.