gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Computational Analysis of the Structure, Dynamics, and Ligand Binding Interactions of the Human Galectin Network (2011)

Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved animal lectins, have been shown to modulate signaling processes leading to inflammation, apoptosis, immunoregulation, and angiogenesis through their ability to interact with poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates. To date 16 human galectin carbohydrate recognition domains have been established by sequence analysis and found to be expressed in several tissues. Given the divergent functions of these lectins, it is of vital importance to understand common and differential features in order to search for specific inhibitors of individual members of the human galectin family. In this work we performed an integrated computational analysis of all individual members of the human galectin family. In the first place, we have built homology-based models for galectin-4 and -12 N-terminus, placental protein 13 (PP13) and PP13-like protein for which no experimental structural information is available. We have then performed classical molecular dynamics simulations of the whole 15 members family in free and ligand-bound states to analyze protein and protein-ligand interaction dynamics. Our results show that all galectins adopt the same fold, and the carbohydrate recognition domains are very similar with structural differences located in specific loops. These differences are reflected in the dynamics characteristics, where mobility differences translate into entropy values which significantly influence their ligand affinity. Thus, ligand selectivity appears to be modulated by subtle differences in the monosaccharide binding sites. Taken together, our results may contribute to the understanding, at a molecular level, of the structural and dynamical determinants that distinguish individual human galectins.
Molecular Sieves (2000)

Abstract Molecular sieves are inorganic materials that possess uniform pores with diameters in either the micro‐ or meso‐size range. Heterogeneous catalysis and adsorption processes make extensive use of molecular sieves. The utility of these materials is manifested in their microstructures, which allow access to large internal surfaces and cavities that enhance catalytic and adsorptive capacity. The most technologically important molecular sieves are zeolites, which are high capacity, selective adsorbents capable of separating molecules based on the size and shape of the molecule relative to the size and geometry of the main apertures of the structures. They adsorb molecules with a selectivity that is not found in other solid adsorbents. Structure, manufacture, uses, properties, health and safety factors, and economic aspects are discussed.
Thermolysis of oxazolin‐5‐ones, 12. Formation of a cage compound by thermolysis of 2‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐2‐(3,3‐dimethylallyl)‐4‐phenyl‐5(2<i>H</i>)‐oxazolone (1988)

Abstract During thermolysis of title compound 1 , the unusual cage compound 4 is formed (along with 2,3‐dihydropyridine 3 ); the structure of 4 was determined by X‐ray structure analysis. The formation of 4 can be explained by dimerization of the intermediates 2 and 3 .
Structural Optimization of High-Power AlGaInP Resonant Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes for Visible Light Communications (2008)

For developing high-power resonant cavity light-emitting diodes (RCLEDs) appropriate for visible light communications, we have investigated the effect of reflectivity of a p-side distributed Bragg reflector (p-DBR) and the number of quantum wells (QWs) in active layers on the spectral characteristics and optical power of RCLEDs. As the reflectivity of p-DBR increased, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum was reduced from 12.3 to 3.6 nm, whereas the relative integrated intensity decreased from 1.0 to 0.37, which can be attributed to the improvement of spectral purity of peaks with in-phase condition. As the number of QWs decreased, optical power increased owing to the reduction of the optical loss of recycling light in the active region. Using the optimized structural conditions, we demonstrated RCLEDs having a modulation speed up to 130 MHz in free space, which shows that the optimized RCLED structure is a promising candidate for visible light communications (VLCs).
On The Tradeoff Between Two Types of Processing Gain (2005)

One of the features characterizing almost every multiple-access (MA) communication system is the processing gain. Through the use of spreading sequences, the processing gain of random code-division multiple-access (RCDMA) systems, or any other CDMA systems, is devoted to both bandwidth expansion and orthogonalization of the signals transmitted by different users. Another type of MA system is impulse radio (IR). IR systems promise to deliver high data rates over ultra wideband (UWB) channels with low-complexity transmitters and receivers. In many aspects, IR systems are similar to time-division MA systems, and the processing gain of IR systems represents the ratio between the actual transmission time and the total time between two consecutive transmissions (on-plus-off to on ratio). While CDMA systems, which constantly excite the channel, rely on spreading sequences to orthogonalize the signals transmitted by different users, IR systems transmit a series of short pulses, and the orthogonalization between the signals transmitted by different users is achieved by the fact that most of the pulses do not collide with each other at the receiver. In this paper, a general class of MA communication systems that use both types of processing gain is presented, and both IR and RCDMA systems are demonstrated to be special cases of this more general class of systems. The bit-error rate of several receivers as a function of the ratio between the two types of processing gain is analyzed and compared under the constraint that the total processing gain of the system is large and fixed. It is demonstrated that in non-intersymbol interference (ISI) channels, there is no tradeoff between the two types of processing gain. However, in ISI channels, a tradeoff between the two types of processing gain exists. In addition, the suboptimality of RCDMA in frequency-selective channels is established.
Acid Hydrolysis of Octahedral Mg<sup>2+</sup> Sites in 2:1 Layered Silicates: An Assessment of Edge Attack and Gallery Access Mechanisms (1994)

Abstract The acid hydrolysis products of trioctahedral fluorohectorite and phlogopite have been investigated by XRD, MAS NMR spectroscopy and nitrogen BET surface area analysis in an effort to assess the relative importance of edge attack and gallery access mechanisms. A dramatic loss of X-ray crystallinity and the formation of Q 3 and Q 4 SiO 4 sites accompanied the depletion of Mg 2+ from the octahedral sheet of both 2:1 layered structures. Depending on the extent of hydrolysis, the products derived from fluorohectorite exhibited surface areas up to 208 m 2 /g, whereas phlogopite hydrolysis products gave values &lt;20 m 2 /g. The dramatic differences in surface areas were not related to differences in hydrolysis mechanisms. 19 F MAS NMR studies indicated that the hydrolysis of fluorohectorite occurred primarily by an edge attack mechanism equivalent to the hydrolysis pathway for phlogopite. A gallery access mechanism contributed to the hydrolysis of fluorohectorite only at the later stages of octahedral Mg 2+ depletion. Solvation effects appeared to be important in determining the surface areas of the reaction products derived from the swelling (fluorohectorite) and non-swelling (phlogopite) precursors.
Effect of D-003, a mixture of very high molecular weight aliphatic acids purified from sugarcane wax, on serum lipid peroxidation (LP) markers in elderly (2005)

Background: D-003 is a mixture of long-chain aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar cane wax with cholesterol-lowering and preventive effects on lipoprotein lipid peroxidation (LP) proven in experimental and clinical studies.\nObjectives: To investigate if D-003 favourably modifies LP markers on older individuals.\nMethods: This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of D-003 (5 and 10 mg/d) administered for 8 weeks on serum LP markers of older individuals. We assessed the effects of D-003 on LP of LDL as primary variable, while effects on plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and plasma antioxidant enzyme activities were also investigated. We investigated the effects on lipid profile. Fifty-one older individuals (40 women, 11 men) were randomized to placebo or D-003 (5 or 10 mg/d), tablets being taken once a day with evening meal for 8 weeks. Laboratory tests and physical examination were performed at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks on therapy, whereas compliance and adverse experiences (AE) were assessed at weeks 4 and 8.\nResults: D-003 (5 and 10 mg/d) significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.01) lag phase by 24.7 % and 29.3 %, respectively, while decreased propagation rate (p&lt; 0.05) by 22.7 % (5 mg/d) and 25.8 % (10 mg/d). D-003 (5 and 10 mg/d) increased (p &lt; 0.01) TAS by 17.7% and 23.0%, respectively, but only the changes achieved with 10 mg/d were different from placebo (p &lt; 0.05). D-003 at 10 mg/d, not at 5 mg/d, significantly lowered (p &lt; 0.05) plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). D-003 (5 or 10 mg/d) did not modify superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GPX (glutathione peroxidase) activities. Also, D-003 (5 and 10 mg/d) reduced significantly low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). D-003 (10 mg/d) also reduced modestly, but significantly triglycerides. No significant changes of LP or lipid profile occurred in placebo. Treatment was well tolerated. D-003 did not impair safety indicators. No subject withdrew from the study. Only 3 subjects (2 placebo, 1 D-003 5 mg/d) reported AE: the two placebo patients reported insomnia and acidity, respectively, while that treated with D-003 referred acidity.\nConclusions: D-003 (5 and 10 mg/d) administered for 8 weeks to older subjects effectively prevented LP in older and favourable modified lipid profile parameters. The present results add new data on the antioxidant effects of D-003, including demonstration on a new population subset. However, this aspect deserves further investigation including studies with larger sample sizes, doses and treatment duration.
Protein Inactivation by Low‐temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Aqueous Solution (2011)

Abstract Plasma medicine is an attractive new research area, but fundamental information related to plasma modification of biomacromolecules in aqueous solution remains elusive. As described herein, we investigated the chemical effects of low‐temperature atmospheric pressure plasma on protein in aqueous solution using lysozyme as a model. Plasma treatment decreased enzymatic activity and changed the secondary structure that results from the increased molecular weight of lysozyme with chemical modification. These effects arise neither from UV light nor from plasma heat, suggesting that the reactive species generated by the plasma affect lysozyme. The information presented in this paper represents a crucial first step for elucidating chemical reactions induced by plasma on proteins for biomedical applications. magnified image
A wireless LAN demodulator in a Pamette: design and experience (2002)

We have implemented the digital section of a wireless local area network (WLAN) demodulator in a reconfigurable interface card called the PCI Pamette. The entire baseband section of the demodulator has been implemented using the Pamette and a simple analog to digital mezzanine board. This is the second version of the demodulator, the first being a card-based design using a mixture of discrete and reconfigurable logic. The Pamette design took far less time to complete than the card-based one. Moreover, the reconfigurable substrate is much more versatile. We describe the Pamette implementation and discuss our experiences with the two different design styles and technologies.
Fast Wavelength Switching 112Gb/s Coherent Burst Mode Transceiver for Dynamic Optical Networks (2012)

Using commercially available semiconductor tunable lasers with SOA blanking and pre-emphasis, we demonstrate fast synchronous switching of a multichannel 112Gb/s DP-QPSK burst mode transceiver in an 8-channel 240km DWDM optical link with 200ns reconfiguration time.
NO donors: Focus on furoxan derivatives (2004)

Abstract The article focuses attention on furoxan derivatives (1,2,5 oxadiazole 2-oxides) as NO donors. Possible mechanisms for NO release from these products in physiological solution and in segments of rabbit femoral artery are briefly considered. The in vitro anti aggregatory activities and the in vitro and in vivo vasodilating properties of a number of furoxans are examined with particular reference to involvement of NO in these actions. The use of the furoxan system to design new NO donor/drug hybrids is discussed in connection with the problem of the balance between NO- and drug dependent activities of the resulting structures. Whether other biological activities (as yet, little studied) of furoxans, such as their antiparasite, antimicrobial, and antitumoral effects, are NO dependent, is a matter still to be explored.
Caractérisation des capacités inter-électrodes d'un SiC-JFET " Normally-off " en régime désaturé (2014)

Afin d'étudier les commutations du transistor SiC-JFET "Normally-off", l'évolution des capacités inter-électrodes est présentée dans ce papier lorsque le composant est en régime désaturé. La capacité de contre-réaction Cgd est tout d'abord caractérisée par la méthode des pinces de courant et ensuite validée par la mesure à l'aide d'analyseur d'impédance. Ces méthodes de caractérisation sont ensuite appliquées à la mesure de la capacité de sortie Coss, et montrent une forte augmentation de capacité apparente en régime désaturé. L'influence de la résistance de grille interne est alors étudiée, soulevant la problématique de mesure des capacités inter-électrodes des composants de puissance lorsque le canal conduit. Les résultats de caractérisation permettent finalement la mise en oeuvre d'un modèle comportemental dont le comportement en commutation est validé par des mesures sur un hacheur buck.
Miniaturized Reflectarray Unit Cell Using Fractal-Shaped Patch-Slot Configuration (2011)

This letter introduces a new class of miniaturized reflectarray unit cells with increased phase swing employing Minkowski fractal-shaped patch-slot elements. Square, 1st Minkowski, and 2nd Minkowski fractal patches are designed as a reflectarray unit cell. A slot with variable lengths of 0 <; L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> <; 6 mm is used in the ground plane to perform the phase variation function. The resonant frequency corresponding to the maximum phase swing is reduced from 10.6 GHz for the square patch down to 8.8 and 8.3 GHz for the first- and second-order Minkowski fractal patches, respectively, which is equivalent to 17% and 22% size reduction. Unit cells with different patch type and slot length are fabricated, and close agreement is observed between the measured and simulated results. As it has been proven for conventional phased array antennas, this size reduction can lead to a decrease in mutual coupling in reflectarray antennas. Alternatively, it allows for smaller distance between reflectarray antenna elements, which renders a wider beam-scanning range.
Análisis del uso de entornos docentes en el profesorado universitario (2016)

Las redes sociales son utilizadas por la mayor parte de nuestra sociedad en el dia a dia, esto incluye a los alumnos y a los profesores. Encontramos que en la docencia universitaria las redes sociales parecen no haber encontrado todavia su sitio. En la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, el grupo de innovacion educativa Qtalnet esta estudiando como usar las redes para mejorar el proceso de ensenanza-aprendizaje, principalmente en la docencia universitaria. A traves de diferentes estudios y trabajos realizados previamente por los distintos docentes del grupo de investigacion tenemos claras unas pautas de trabajo en cuanto al uso de redes sociales en la practica de la docencia universitaria. A partir de los diferentes estudios, la siguiente fase de investigacion es detectar que uso estan realizando de los diferentes entornos los profesores universitarios de nuestra universidad. Para esta fase se ha realizado una encuesta sobre el conocimiento que tienen los docentes de los diferentes entornos de ensenanza (titulaciones y niveles de dentro de la universidad) y de su actitud frente a los mismos. En el articulo se muestran los resultados obtenidos, asi como la reflexion realizada desde nuestra experiencia investigando en la aplicacion de redes sociales en entornos docentes. Como trabajo futuro, actualmente se esta desarrollando una encuesta similar, dirigida al alumnado, para conocer como estan de alineadas las expectativas, tanto de los estudiantes como la actitud del profesorado en lo relativo al uso de las redes sociales en el aula.
Automatic condition setting of materials processing CO2 laser (1996)

Laser cutting is a thermal cutting method that uses a high-energy density heat source for processing and allows processing to be carried out at a high speed and high precision. Therefore, laser cutting is used as a means to process sheet metal such as mild steel or stainless steel at a high precision. However, in recent years, as the thickness of the workpiece is tending to increase, and as the target of processing machine operates has increased due to the diffusion of laser processing machines in a wide range of applications, focus has been turned to the difficulty of setting the processing conditions. In other words, the processing conditions of some shapes which are difficult to process have become dominant in the setting of conditions of outward form, and by that is causing the processing efficiency to drop. For example, when processing thick plates of mild steel, it is difficult to set the conditions that prevent defects at the cutting start position after piercing (drilling the processing start section), defects in small hole processing, and defects when processing edges. Furthermore, when one operator simultaneously operates multiple processing machines, there is a need to reduce the time required to find the conditions. Even when processing machines are newly introduced, there are many cases when a high operation rate is required immediately after the processing machine is introduced.
Antivirals targeting the polymerase complex of influenza viruses (2019)

Current influenza antivirals have limitations with regard to their effectiveness and the potential emergence of resistance. Encouragingly, several new compounds which inhibit the polymerase of influenza viruses have recently been shown to have enhanced pre-clinical and clinical effectiveness compared to the neuraminidase inhibitors, the mainstay of influenza antiviral therapy over the last two decades. In this review we focus on four compounds which inhibit polymerase function, baloxavir marboxil, favipiravir, pimodivir and AL-794 and discuss their clinical and virological effectiveness, their propensity to select for resistance and their potential for future combination therapy with the most commonly used neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir.
Sulfate and methane concentrations measured in pore water of sediment core GeoB13849-1 (2009)

Sulfate concentrations were measured at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology by suppressed ion chromatography at a 1:100 dilution with 18MOhm water on a Metrohm 761 compact IC. Standard calibrations using seawater provided by the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) were performed. The range for the 8-point standard calibration was 5 µM - 400 µM.\n\nFor methane, a 3 cm**3 sediment sample was transferred into a 20 mL He flushed headspace vial, filled with 10 mL of a 5 M NaCl solution. All samples were taken immediately after the gravity core was retrieved and cut into 1-m segments. The vials were stored at 4°C. Methane concentrations were measured at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology with a Hewlett Packard 5890A gas chromatograph using a splitless injector, a stainless steel Porapak-Q column and a flame ionization detector. Chromatographic response on the GC instrument was calibrated against three different standards with variable concentrations of methane. Methane concentrations were corrected for sediment porosity.
Design of sub-100 nm CMOSFETs: gate dielectrics and channel engineering (2002)

Sub-100 nm CMOS transistors with ultra-thin gate dielectrics below 2.0 nm were fabricated and characterized. Super-steep retrograde channel profiles using boron (NMOS) or arsenic (PMOS) channel implantation followed by selective epitaxial growth of undoped-Si were found to effectively reduce short-channel effect and improve current drivability even in the sub-100 nm regime. For NMOS, indium implanted devices showed better short-channel immunity, however, no improvement in current drivability was observed. Optimization of the gate oxide thickness versus gate length was investigated in the presence of direct tunneling leakages and for the first time, an experimental guideline of oxide scaling is proposed. For PMOS, to suppress boron penetration, sub-2.0 nm stack gate dielectrics of oxynitride and LPCVD nitride were developed, which showed excellent transistor characteristics.
A fully integrated power management circuit for electromagnetic energy harvesting applications (2012)

In this paper a 90 nm power management circuit for vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesters is introduced to generate 1 V from the rectified DC voltage. A mode selector block is designed to detect the output DC voltage level of the rectifier and adjust the mode of the driver block. In order to set the output to the desired level, a regulation system with negative feedback topology is utilized. The circuit is able to operate with input voltages as low as 0.25 V. The simulation results also show that the power conversion efficiency of the regulated system is almost constant for wide range of input voltages.
Nitric oxide released by lactobacillus farciminis improvesTNBS‐induced colitis in rats (2004)

NO released intraluminally by SNP infusion or by L. farciminis given orally improves TNBS-induced colitis in rats. These results indicate a protective role of NO donation in colonic inflammation and show for the first time a mechanism involving NO delivery by a bacterial strain reducing an experimental colitis.