gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving Continuous Stable Beam Steering with Gain Enhancement Using a Graded-Index Metasurface Lens (2022)

In this paper, the design of an ultrathin highly transmissive angular graded-index metasurface (AGIMS) lens is proposed, and a beam steerable high-gain low-profile lens antenna is designed using AGIMS lens and microstrip patch antenna (MPA) radiator operating at 10.10 GHz. An ultrathin graded-index metasurface lens is designed using fundamental unit cells and their modulated forms. The direction and gain control of the microwave radiator’s beam, using a designed modulated metasurface lens with doubled-sided double circular ring resonator as a fundamental unit cell, is presented. The uniform radial and linear movement of AGIMS in the step of 12 mm steer the radiated main beam of MPA continuously in a conical plane from −40° to +40° with a maximum measured broadside gain of 13.15 dBi and minimum broadside gain of 11.80 dBi at 10.10 GHz frequency, indicating maximum and minimum gain enhancement of 8.40 and 7.0 dB in −40° and 0° direction, respectively. The angular movement of AGIMS over the MPA radiator at the centre point results in beam steering from −25° to +25° continuously with a maximum gain variation of 2 dB and a maximum measured gain from 10.00 dBi to 12.00 dBi, indicating gain enhancement of 5.25 dB to 7.25 dB. Using AGIMS, the stable broadside radiation characteristic with beam steering and continuous gain enhancement is achieved. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.
Experimental studies of Talbot array illuminators (1996)

An experimental study of Talbot array illuminators (TAIs) has been performed. These devices, first proposed and implemented by Lohmann, 1 are binary phase gratings that, when properly illuminated, give rise to periodic, concentrated areas of light with uniform intensities through Fresnel diffraction. This phenomenon is generally referred to (somewhat misleadingly) as Talbot self-imaging.
IBTM-Containing Gramicidin S Analogues:  Evidence for IBTM as a Suitable Type II‘ β-Turn Mimetic<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup> (1997)

The 2-amino-3-oxohexahydroindolizino[8,7-b]indole-5-carboxylate system (IBTM) has been proposed as a dipeptide surrogate of type II‘ β-turns. To evaluate which of the 11bR and 11bS diastereomers of IBTM best reproduces the conformational properties of type II‘ β-turns, gramicidin S (GS), a cyclic antibiotic peptide that contains two such units, has been chosen as a test compound and the effect of either diastereomer on both conformation and activity of the resulting peptide analogues has been determined. A conventional approach to the cyclic peptide structure based on solution cyclization of a partially protected precursor was only practicable for the (S)-IBTM diastereomer. As an alternative, a solid phase mediated cyclization approach has been devised and applied successfully to both gramicidin S and its Lys2,2‘ analogue, then extended to the (R)-IBTM-containing analogues. NMR conformational analysis has clearly shown that only the (R) diastereomer of IBTM is a suitable mimic of the type II‘ β-turn conformation typical of GS. Differences in antibacterial activity between the (S)- and (R)-IBTM-containing GS analogues confirm the conformational results.
A global digital volume correlation algorithm based on higher-order finite elements: Implementation and evaluation (2019)

We propose a DVC technique that is based on higher-order finite-element discretization of the displacement field and a global optimization procedure. We use curvature penalization to suppress non-physical fluctuations of the displacement field and resulting erroneous strain concentrations. The performance of the proposed method is compared to the commercial code Avizo using trabecular bone images and found to perform slightly better in most cases. In addition, we stress that the performance of a DVC method needs to be evaluated using double scans (zero strain), virtual deformation (imposed deformation) and real deformation. Double scans give insight into the presence of noise and artifacts whereas virtual deformation benchmarks allows evaluation of the performance without noise and artifacts. Investigation of the performance for actual deformed heterogeneous materials is needed for evaluation with noise, artifacts and non-zero strains. We show that both decreasing the resolution of the displacement field (increasing subvolume size) as well as (increasing) curvature penalization (regularization) have a similar effect on the performance of evaluated DVC methods: Decreasing the detrimental effect of noise, artifacts and interpolation errors, but also decreasing the sensitivity of a DVC method to displacement peaks, discontinuities and strain concentrations. The needed amount of regularization is a trade-off between accuracy and precision of the estimated strain fields and their resolution. The obtainable accuracy and precision of the estimated displacement fields are influenced by interpolation errors in the DVC procedure and the relative amount of detail, noise and artifacts in the images. Errors in the displacement field are typically magnified during the strain calculation. Based on the tests and subvolume sizes (16–50 voxels) in this study, the expected order of magnitude of the accuracy and precision is 0.1 micro-voxels and 1 milli-voxels for the displacements and 0.1 and 1 milli-strains of the strain fields.
Gut mucosal T cell lines from ankylosing spondylitis patients are enriched with alphaEbeta7 integrin. (2002)

In gut mucosal T cell lines from patients with AS an increased expression of alphaEbeta7 was observed.
Sodium azide poisoning: a narrative review (2021)

Recent increases in azide poisoning reports may stem from greater commercial use and availability. Treatment of systemic poisoning may require aggressive hemodynamic support due to profound hypotension. Based on mechanistic considerations, hydroxocobalamin is a rational choice for treating azide poisoning.
Charge replacement near the phosphorylatable serine ofthe myosin regulatory light chain mimics aspects ofphosphorylation. (1994)

Phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chains (RLCs) activates contraction in smooth muscle and modulates force production in striated muscle. RLC phosphorylation changes the net charge in a critical region of the N terminus and thereby may alter interactions between the RLC and myosin heavy chain. A series of N-terminal charge mutations in the human smooth muscle RLC has been engineered, and the mutants have been evaluated for their ability to mimic the phosphorylated form of the RLC when reconstituted into scallop striated muscle bundles or into isolated smooth muscle myosin. Changing the net charge in the region from Arg-13 to Ser-19 potentiates force in scallop striated muscle and maintains smooth muscle myosin in an unfolded filamentous state without affecting ATPase activity or motility of smooth muscle myosin. Thus, the effect of RLC phosphorylation in striated muscle and its ability to regulate the folded-to-extended conformational transition in smooth muscle may be due to a simple reduction of net charge at the N terminus of the light chain. The ability of phosphorylation to regulate smooth muscle myosin's ATPase activity and motility involves a more complex mechanism.
Augmented Reality Projects in the Automotive and Aerospace Industries (2005)

The 2003 International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality was accompanied by a workshop on potential industrial applications. The organizers wisely called it potential because the real use of augmented reality (AR) in an industrial context is still in its infancy. Our own experience in this field clearly supports this viewpoint. We have been actively involved in the research, development, and deployment of AR systems in the automotive, aviation, and astronautics industries for more than five years and have developed and implemented AR systems in a wide variety of environments while working at DaimlerChrysler in Germany. In this article we have selected 10 AR projects from those we have managed and implemented in the past to examine the main challenges we faced and to share some of the lessons we learned.
Scientific Drilling (2013)

No abstract available. doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.15.08.2013
Design of a High-Precision Fraction Collector for Capillary Electrophoresis (1995)

A high-precision fraction collector for capillary electrophoresis has been developed. The device utilizes detection close to the end of the capillary and a sheath liquid at the exit of the capillary, allowing continuous collection (i.e., uninterrupted applied electrical field) of multiple species. The role of the sheath liquid flow rate and position of detection in the column on the collection precision was assessed. Fiber-optic detection at approximately 1 cm before the exit end of the capillary was found effective for precise timing of the collection. Up to 60 fractions of microliter or smaller volumes could be automatically collected into capillaries used as collection vials. The collection capillaries were placed on a cylinder, and a computer-controlled stepping motor aligned the appropriate capillary with the column exit. The effectiveness of the fraction collector was demonstrated in the collection of all 11 fragments of the HaeIII restriction digest of phi X-174 plasmid DNA. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 271 and 281 bp fragments revealed an inversion of the size-dependent migration order.
Electromagnetic Drag on a Magnetic Dipole Interacting With a Moving Electrically Conducting Sphere (2012)

In this paper, we report an analytical study of the forces and torques acting upon a magnetic dipole interacting with a moving electrically conducting sphere. The work is motivated by the question whether Lorentz force velocimetry [Thess , Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 96, 2006, 164501]-a noncontact flow measurement technique for liquid metals and electrolytes-can be applied to granular materials as well. We derive explicit expressions for all forces and torques for the case of low magnetic Reynolds number and small particle size. After a discussion of symmetry and reciprocity relations among the forces and torques, we apply the general theory to the particular cases of a translating (nonrotating) and rotating (nontranslating) sphere. The analysis for the purely translating sphere leads to the conclusion that the force is proportional to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> is the radius of the sphere and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</i> is its minimum distance to the magnetic dipole. This result indicates that Lorentz force velocimetry can indeed be applied to granular metallic materials. The analysis for the purely rotating sphere leads to the result that the torque is proportional to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> . This result can be applied to derive a rigorous solution for a rotary Lorentz force flowmeter interacting with a rotating sphere. This solution implies that, contrary to intuitive expectation, a frictionless rotary Lorentz force flowmeter rotates with only 4/5 of the angular velocity of the sphere with which it interacts rather than undergoing synchronous rotation.
IL-10 lentivirus-laden hydrogel tubes increase spinal progenitor survival and neuronal differentiation after spinal cord injury (2021)

The pathophysiological response following spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a complex cellular cascade that limits regeneration. Biomaterial and stem cell combination therapies have shown synergistic effects, compared to their interventions independent of each other, and represent a promising approach towards regaining function after injury. In this study, we combine our polyethylene glycol (PEG) cell delivery platform with lentiviral-mediated overexpression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 to improve embryonic day 14 (E14) spinal progenitor transplant survival. PEG tubes loaded with lentivirus encoding for IL-10 were implanted immediately following injury into a mouse SCI hemisection model. Two weeks after tube implantation, mouse E14 spinal progenitors were injected directly into the integrated tubes, which served as a soft substrate for cell transplantation. Together, the tubes with the IL-10 encoding lentivirus improved E14 spinal progenitor survival, assessed at two weeks post-transplantation (four weeks post-injury). Mice receiving IL-10 lentivirus-laden tubes had on average 8.1% of E14 spinal progenitors survive compared to 0.7% in mice receiving transplants without tubes, an 11.5-fold difference. Surviving E14 spinal progenitors gave rise to neurons when injected into tubes. Additionally, axon elongation and remyelination was observed, in addition to a faster rate of functional recovery in mice receiving anti-inflammatory tubes with E14 spinal progenitor delivery. This system affords increased control over the transplantation microenvironment, offering the potential to improve stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration.
Towards ultra-subwavelength optical latches (2013)

We propose an electrically driven nanometer scale plasmonic optical latch integrated with Ge2Sb2Te5 chalcogenide glasses. For an effective switching length of 167 nm, the extinction ratio between the ON and OFF states of the proposed switch is as large as 10 dB, with net operation energy as low as 30.4 pJ per cycle.
Mutations in ZMYND10, a Gene Essential for Proper Axonemal Assembly of Inner and Outer Dynein Arms in Humans and Flies, Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (2013)

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a ciliopathy characterized by airway disease, infertility, and laterality defects, often caused by dual loss of the inner dynein arms (IDAs) and outer dynein arms (ODAs), which power cilia and flagella beating. Using whole-exome and candidate-gene Sanger resequencing in PCD-affected families afflicted with combined IDA and ODA defects, we found that 6/38 (16%) carried biallelic mutations in the conserved zinc-finger gene BLU (ZMYND10). ZMYND10 mutations conferred dynein-arm loss seen at the ultrastructural and immunofluorescence level and complete cilia immotility, except in hypomorphic p.Val16Gly (c.47T>G) homozygote individuals, whose cilia retained a stiff and slowed beat. In mice, Zmynd10 mRNA is restricted to regions containing motile cilia. In a Drosophila model of PCD, Zmynd10 is exclusively expressed in cells with motile cilia: chordotonal sensory neurons and sperm. In these cells, P-element-mediated gene silencing caused IDA and ODA defects, proprioception deficits, and sterility due to immotile sperm. Drosophila Zmynd10 with an equivalent c.47T>G (p.Val16Gly) missense change rescued mutant male sterility less than the wild-type did. Tagged Drosophila ZMYND10 is localized primarily to the cytoplasm, and human ZMYND10 interacts with LRRC6, another cytoplasmically localized protein altered in PCD. Using a fly model of PCD, we conclude that ZMYND10 is a cytoplasmic protein required for IDA and ODA assembly and that its variants cause ciliary dysmotility and PCD with laterality defects.
Development of Antibody-Based PROTACs for the Degradation of the Cell-Surface Immune Checkpoint Protein PD-L1 (2021)

Targeted protein degradation has emerged as a new paradigm to manipulate cellular proteostasis. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional small molecules that recruit an E3 ligase to a target protein of interest, promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we report the development of antibody-based PROTACs (AbTACs), fully recombinant bispecific antibodies that recruit membrane-bound E3 ligases for the degradation of cell-surface proteins. We show that an AbTAC can induce the lysosomal degradation of programmed death-ligand 1 by recruitment of the membrane-bound E3 ligase RNF43. AbTACs represent a new archetype within the PROTAC field to target cell-surface proteins with fully recombinant biological molecules.
Synthesis of Flavonoids or Other Nature-Inspired Small Molecules (2022)

Natural compounds are endowed with an intriguing variety of scaffolds, functional groups and stereochemical properties [...]
Looking through the eyes of the multidisciplinary team: the design and clinical evaluation of a decision support system for lung cancer care (2020)

Background: Decision-making in lung cancer is complex due to a rapidly increasing amount of diagnostic data and treatment options. The need for timely and accurate diagnosis and delivery of care demands high-quality multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration and coordination. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can potentially support MDTs in constructing a shared mental model of a patient case. This enables the team to assess the strength and completeness of collected diagnostic data, stratification for the right personalized therapy driven by clinical stage and other treatment-influencing factors, and adapt care management strategies when needed. Current CDSSs often have a suboptimal fit into the decision-making workflow, which hampers their impact in clinical practice. Methods: A CDSS for multidisciplinary decision-making in lung cancer was designed to support the abovementioned goals through presentation of relevant clinical data in line with existing mental model structures of the MDT members. The CDSS was tested in a simulated multidisciplinary tumor board meeting for primary diagnosis and treatment selection, based on de-identified primary lung cancer cases (n=8). Decision course analysis, eye-tracking data and questionnaires were used to assess the impact of the CDSS on constructing shared mental models to improve the decision-making process and outcome. Results: The CDSS supported the team in their self-correcting capacity for accurate diagnosis and TNM classification. It enabled cross-validation of diagnostic findings, surfaced discordance between diagnostic tests and facilitated cancer staging according the diagnostic evidence, as well as spotting contra-indications for personalized treatment selection. Conclusions: This study shows the potential of CDSS on clinical decision making, when these systems are properly designed in line with clinical thinking. The presented setup enables assessment of the impact of CDSS design on clinical decision making and optimization of CDSSs to maximize their effect on decision quality and confidence.
Synthesis of 10,10-difluorothromboxane A2, a potent and chemically stable thromboxane agonist (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 10,10-difluorothromboxane A2, a potent and chemically stable thromboxane agonistJosef Fried, Varghese John, Mitchell J. Szwedo Jr., Chien Kuang Chen, Counde O'Yang, Thomas A. Morinelli, Anselm K. Okwu, and Perry V. HalushkaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 12, 4510–4511Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00194a062RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (302 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Modeling positive intake value overlap air charge response in camless engines (2004)

Camless engines are capable of maximizing torque and fuel efficiency over a broad range of engine speeds by independently controlling the engine valves. The valve timing and operating mode changes that are required to achieve these benefits can potentially generate significant steady state and transient variations in the air charge and burned gas fraction. An unthrottled camless engine air charge model is developed that is capable of simulating the steady state and transient air charge behavior. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the impact of valve timing and engine speed variations on the air charge and burned gas response and to motivate the use of such models in the camless engine control development process.
Normal postexercise facilitation and depression of motor evoked potentials in postpolio patients (1998)

We studied the effects of exercise on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy subjects and postpolio patients. Subjects performed repeated sets of isometric exercise until the muscle fatigued. In both groups, the mean MEP amplitude immediately after each exercise set was approximately twice that of the baseline amplitude, indicating similar postexercise facilitation, and after fatigue was approximately half that of the baseline amplitude, indicating similar postexercise depression. We conclude that the intracortical component of central fatigue is normal in postpolio patients.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Proteomics-based target identification: bengamides as a new class of methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors. (2003)

LAF389 is a synthetic analogue of bengamides, a class of marine natural products that produce inhibitory effects on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. A proteomics-based approach has been used to identify signaling pathways affected by bengamides. LAF389 treatment of cells resulted in altered mobility of a subset of proteins on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Detailed analysis of one of the proteins, 14-3-3gamma, showed that bengamide treatment resulted in retention of the amino-terminal methionine, suggesting that bengamides directly or indirectly inhibited methionine aminopeptidases (MetAps). Both known MetAps are inhibited by LAF389. Short interfering RNA suppression of MetAp2 also altered amino-terminal processing of 14-3-3gamma. A high resolution structure of human MetAp2 co-crystallized with a bengamide shows that the compound binds in a manner that mimics peptide substrates. Additionally, the structure reveals that three key hydroxyl groups on the inhibitor coordinate the di-cobalt center in the enzyme active site. PMID: 14534293