gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Configuration of the microtubule cytoskeleton in elongating fibers of flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L.) (2003)

There are three basic types of plant cell growth: isodiametric, unidirectional diffuse, and tip growth. During plant cell growth, microtubules are present in the cell cortex, appressed against the plasma membrane. It is well documented that these cortical microtubules determine the orientation of cell growth in unidirectional intercalary, growing cells, in which the microtubules are always found perpendicular to the axis of cell elongation. There are indications that bast fiber cells of flax have two types of cell growth within one single cell: unidirectional intercalary and tip growth. Since the ultimate length of fiber cells determines the quality of the flax fiber for industry, we study the growth of these cells. In order to determine whether tip growth occurs or not, we use the following tip growth indicators: the type of cell wall at the cell tip, vesicle accumulation at the cell tip, calcium gradient at the cell tip, configuration of the actin cytoskeleton, and configuration of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Here we report on the microtubule cytoskeleton. We started to study the microtubules in fixed flax fiber cells using immunocytochemistry. Both, sections, as well as enzymatically isolated fibers, were analyzed at increasing distances from the shoot apex. Young fibers from the subapical region exhibit microtubules that are positioned approximately perpendicular to the cell's long axis. After prolonged elongation they are found in a helical orientation. In the two tapering regions of the elongating fiber, the microtubules are more often in a perpendicular orientation than in the middle zone of the cell indicating that within a single fiber more than one growth rate might occur. After elongation ceased, all cortical MTs are positioned approximately parallel to the long axis of the fiber. Based on the changes of the configurations of MTs in growing fibers, it is concluded that flax fibers exhibit coordinated growth first, and then also begin to exhibit intrusive growth at both ends as well. Until now, no observations support tip growth.
Cavity-backed slot-coupled dielectric resonator antenna excited by a narrow strip (2002)

The input impedance of the cavity-backed slot-coupled dielectric resonator antenna excited by a slender strip is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The effect of the cavity size and strip length on the input impedance are studied and discussed.
Hypoxia increases human keratinocyte motility on connective tissue. (1997)

Re-epithelialization of skin wounds depends upon the migration of keratinocytes from the cut margins of the wound and is enhanced when human keratinocytes are covered with occlusive dressings that induce hypoxia. In this study, two independent migration assays were used to compare cellular motility on connective tissue components under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Human keratinocytes apposed to collagens or fibronectin exhibited increased motility when subjected to hypoxic (0.2 or 2% oxygen) conditions compared with normoxic (9 or 20% oxygen) conditions. When compared with normoxic cells, hypoxic keratinocytes exhibited increased expression and redistribution of the lamellipodia-associated proteins (ezrin, radixin, and moesin). Furthermore, hypoxic keratinocytes demonstrated decreased secretion of laminin-5, a laminin isoform known to inhibit keratinocyte motility. Hypoxia did not alter the number of integrin receptors on the cell surface, but did induce enhanced secretion of the 92-kD type IV collagenase. These data demonstrate that hypoxia promotes human keratinocyte motility on connective tissue. Hypoxia-driven motility is associated with increased expression of lamellipodia proteins, increased expression of collagenase and decreased expression of laminin-5, the locomotion brake for keratinocytes.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): extended indications for artificial support of both heart and lungs. (1991)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used to achieve temporary artificial support in cardiac and pulmonary function in 22 patients from 1987 to September 1990. Standard indications were postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (n = 4), neonatal (n = 1) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (n = 4). ECMO was also used for extended indications, such as graft failure following heart (n = 11) or lung transplantation (n = 2). In six of these cases ECMO was instituted as a bridge device to subsequent retransplantation of either the heart (n = 4) or one lung (n = 2). One out of nine patients supported by ECMO for standard indications, and two out of 13 patients supported for extended indications are long-term survivors. This series illustrates the results with ECMO in emergency situations, in patients under immunosuppressive protocols, or in patients with advanced lung failure requiring almost complete artificial gas exchange. In such complex situations, ECMO does provide stabilization until additional therapeutic measures are in effect. ECMO cannot be recommended for postoperative cardiogenic shock but short-term ECMO support is an accepted method in most cases with graft failure or pulmonary failure or other origin.
CHIRAL PROCESS MONITORING USING FOURIER TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY (2017)

We present the application of Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy in monitoring the chiral purity of components in a reaction mixture. This is of particular interest due to the increasing use of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, in which a number of attributes (including the chiral purity of the product) can change on short time scales. Therefore, new techniques that can accomplish this measurement rapidly are desired. The excellent specificity of FTMW spectroscopy, coupled with newly developed techniques for measuring enantiomeric excess in a mixture, have motivated this work.
Gas tube-switched flexible alternating current transmission system (2023)

A var compensator circuit is provided. The var compensator circuit includes a gas tube switch and a reactive impedance. The gas tube switch is configured to be coupled to a transmission line. The transmission line is configured to deliver real power and reactive power to a load at an alternating current (AC) line voltage. The reactive impedance is configured to be coupled to the transmission line at the AC line voltage through the gas tube switch. The reactive impedance is configured to modify the reactive power configured to be delivered to the load.
High Throughput Forwarding for ICN with Descriptors and Locators (2016)

Application-defined and location-independent addressing is a founding principle of information centric networking (ICN) that is inherently difficult to realize if one also wants scalable routing and forwarding. We propose an ICN architecture, called TagNet, intended to combine expressive application-defined addressing with scalable routing and forwarding. TagNet features two independent delivery services: one with application-defined and possibly location-independent content descriptors, and one with network-defined host locators. In this paper we develop and evaluate specialized forwarding algorithms for TagNet. We then implement and combine these algorithms in a forwarding engine built on a general-purpose commodity CPU, and show experimentally that, thanks to the dual addressing, by descriptor or by locator, this engine can achieve a throughput of over 20Gbps with large forwarding tables corresponding to hundreds of millions of users.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSES OF RH2(BRIDGE)4(BPH4)2.CH3CN AND RH2(TM4‐BRIDGE)4(PF6)2.2CH3CN. FURTHER ELECTRONIC SPECTRAL STUDIES OF BINUCLEAR RHODIUM(I) ISOCYANIDE COMPLEXES (1980)

Abstract CH 3 CN and Rh, (TM4‐bridge); (PFG), ° 2 CH 3 CN.
Toward Activatable Collagen Mimics: Combining DEPSI “Switch” Defects and Template‐Guided Self‐Organization to Control Collagen Mimetic Peptides (2021)

Collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs), which imitate various structural or functional features of natural collagen, constitute advanced models illuminating the folding aspects of the collagen triple helix (CTH) motif. In this study, the CMPs of repeating Gly-Pro-Pro (GPP) triplets are tethered to an organic scaffold based on a tris(2-aminoethyl) amine (TREN) derivative (TREN(sucOH)<sub>3</sub> ). These three templated peptide strands are further expanded via native chemical ligation to increase the number of GPP triplets and lead to a TREN(sucGPPGPPG(Ψ)SPGPPCPP[GPP]<sub>4</sub> )<sub>3</sub> construct. The incorporation of an ester switch segment, G(Ψ)S, as a positional O-acyl isopeptide (DEPSI) defect into the peptide strands allows the pH-controlled acceleration of CTH formation. The strand assembly process is monitored by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The results of pH jump experiments and thermal denaturation studies provide new insights into the contributions of structural DEPSI defects to the template-guided self-assembly of the CTH motif. While the organic scaffold drives the CTH formation, the switch defects act as temporary opponents and slow down the folding. CD spectroscopy data confirm that the switch defects contribute to the formation of a more stable CTH motif by enhancing the structural dynamics at the early stage of the folding process.
Positive inotropic and negative lusitropic effects of endothelin receptor agonism in vivo (2005)

The endothelin (ET) system is involved in the regulation of myocardial function in health as well as in several diseases, such as congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and septic myocardial depression. Conflicting results have been reported regarding the acute contractile properties of ET-1. We therefore investigated the effects of intracoronary infusions of ET-1 and of the selective ET(B) receptor-selective agonist sarafotoxin 6c with increasing doses in anesthetized pigs. Myocardial effects were measured through analysis of the left ventricular pressure-volume relationship. ET-1 elicited increases in the myocardial contractile status (end-systolic elastance value of 0.94 +/- 0.11 to 1.48 +/- 0.23 and preload recruitable stroke work value of 68.7 +/- 4.7 to 83.4 +/- 7.2) that appear to be mediated through ET(A) receptors, whereas impairment in left ventricular isovolumic relaxation (tau = 41.5 +/- 1.4 to 58.1 +/- 5.0 and t(1/2) = 23.0 +/- 0.7 to 30.9 +/- 2.6, where tau is the time constant for pressure decay and t(1/2) is the half-time for pressure decay) was ET(B) receptor dependent. In addition, intravenous administration of ET-1 impaired ventricular relaxation but had no effect on contractility. Intracoronary sarafotoxin 6c administration caused impairments in left ventricular relaxation (tau from 43.3 +/- 1.8 to 54.4 +/- 3.4) as well as coronary vasoconstriction. In conclusion, ET-1 elicits positive inotropic and negative lusitropic myocardial effects in a pig model, possibly resulting from ET(A) and ET(B) receptor activation, respectively.
A Lachnospiraceae-dominated bacterial signature in the fecal microbiota of HIV-infected individuals from Colombia, South America (2018)

HIV infection has a tremendous impact on the immune system's proper functioning. The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is significantly disarrayed during HIV infection. Compositional changes in the gut microbiota might contribute to the mucosal barrier disruption, and consequently to microbial translocation. We performed an observational, cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating changes in the fecal microbiota of HIV-infected individuals from Colombia. We analyzed the fecal microbiota of 37 individuals via 16S rRNA gene sequencing; 25 HIV-infected patients and 12 control (non-infected) individuals, which were similar in body mass index, age, gender balance and socioeconomic status. To the best of our knowledge, no such studies have been conducted in Latin American countries. Given its compositional nature, microbiota data were normalized and transformed using Aitchison's Centered Log-Ratio. Overall, a change in the network structure in HIV-infected patients was revealed by using the SPIEC-EASI MB tool. Genera such as Blautia, Dorea, Yersinia, Escherichia-Shigella complex, Staphylococcus, and Bacteroides were highly relevant in HIV-infected individuals. Differential abundance analysis by both sparse Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis and Random Forest identified a greater abundance of Lachnospiraceae-OTU69, Blautia, Dorea, Roseburia, and Erysipelotrichaceae in HIV-infected individuals. We show here, for the first time, a predominantly Lachnospiraceae-based signature in HIV-infected individuals.
Neurological disorders associated with deficiency of glutamate dehydrogenase (1984)

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was measured in leukocytes from 88 patients with various types of degenerative neurological disorders affecting primarily the cerebellum and/or the basal ganglia, and 26 healthy control subjects. Twelve patients with slowly progressive multiple-system atrophic disorders were found to have a partial deficiency of this enzyme (52% of control level). The majority of these patients evidenced a constellation of neurological findings consistent with the diagnosis of olivopontocerebellar atrophy, although others were atypical in their neurological manifestations. Thus, GDH-deficient patients were encountered with predominantly extrapyramidal manifestations (atypical Parkinson's disease), cerebellar dysfunction with peripheral neuropathy, or anterior horn cell signs, suggesting that a pleomorphic phenotypic expression of the enzymatic deficiency may occur. Seven cases of GDH deficiency were familial and 5 were sporadic. The former patient group consisted of siblings of either sex, but no parents or offspring were affected. The genetic pattern of the disorder is compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Patients with dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy or other types of cerebellar or basal ganglia degenerative neurological disorders showed normal GDH activity. Leukocyte GDH was fractionated into "particulate-heat labile" and "soluble-heat stable" components. In the patients the decrease in activity was limited to the "particulate-heat labile" component. A genetic mutation of a GDH "isoenzyme" may occur in some patients with multiple-system degeneration.
Abstract 14033: Clinical and Molecular Evidence of a Gene Dosage Effect in Patients With Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Related to Multiple Genetic Mutations: A Report From the PACES CPVT Registry (2017)

Introduction: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare genetic arrhythmia disorder with variable penetrance and expressivity. The double gene dosage effect, whereby ≥2...
Shear Fracture Through the Body of the Axis Vertebra (1999)

The presumed mechanism of injury in the described fracture is one of asymmetrical axial compression. The fracture can be managed safely in a halo jacket.
Senescence is accelerated through donor cell specificity in cloned pigs (2012)

Animals cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) sometimes have abnormalities that result in large offspring syndrome or early death during gestation due to respiratory and metabolic defects. We cloned pigs using two sources of donor cells and observed phenotypic anomalies in three pigs cloned from one type of cell, s-pig fetal fibroblasts. These animals had many wrinkles on their faces and bodies and looked older than age-matched normal pigs. We performed the present study to examine whether the wrinkled phenotype in the cloned pigs was due to senescence, a genetic problem with donor specificity, or epigenetic problems with reprogramming. To address this issue, we investigated biomarkers of senescence, including telomere length and the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-actin. We also assessed the methylation status of euchromatic PRE-1 repetitive sequences and centromeric satellite DNA, and measured the mRNA levels of six imprinted genes, Copg2, Mest, Igf2R, GNAS, SNRPN and Ube3a. The telomeres of the wrinkled cloned pigs were much shorter than those of the normal cloned pigs and age-matched normal pigs. In the wrinkled cloned pigs, SA-β-gal activity was detected and GAPDH and β-actin were repressed. The mRNA levels of Mest, GNAS and Ube3a were reduced in the wrinkled cloned pigs, although there was no difference between the normal cloned pigs and normal controls. This gene expression analysis indicates that the wrinkled abnormality of our pigs originates from genetic abnormalities in the donor cells used for SCNT.
Hormone Selectivity in Thyroid Hormone Receptors (2001)

Separate genes encode thyroid hormone receptor subtypes TRalpha (NR1A1) and TRbeta (NR1A2). Products from each of these contribute to hormone action, but the subtypes differ in tissue distribution and physiological response. Compounds that discriminate between these subtypes in vivo may be useful in treating important medical problems such as obesity and hypercholesterolemia. We previously determined the crystal structure of the rat (r) TRalpha ligand-binding domain (LBD). In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of the rTRalpha LBD in a complex with an additional ligand, Triac (3,5, 3'-triiodothyroacetic acid), and two crystal structures of the human (h) TRbeta receptor LBD in a complex with either Triac or a TRbeta-selective compound, GC-1 [3,5-dimethyl-4-(4'-hydroy-3'-isopropylbenzyl)-phenoxy acetic acid]. The rTRalpha and hTRbeta LBDs show close structural similarity. However, the hTRbeta structures extend into the DNA-binding domain and allow definition of a structural "hinge" region of only three amino acids. The two TR subtypes differ in the loop between helices 1 and 3, which could affect both ligand recognition and the effects of ligand in binding coactivators and corepressors. The two subtypes also differ in a single amino acid residue in the hormone-binding pocket, Asn (TRbeta) for Ser (TRalpha). Studies here with TRs in which the subtype-specific residue is exchanged suggest that most of the selectivity in binding derives from this amino acid difference. The flexibility of the polar region in the TRbeta receptor, combined with differential recognition of the chemical group at the 1-carbon position, seems to stabilize the complex with GC-1 and contribute to its beta-selectivity. These results suggest a strategy for development of subtype-specific compounds involving modifications of the ligand at the 1-position.
A Fully 3D Cascaded Framework for Pancreas Segmentation (2020)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable results for many medical image segmentation tasks. However, segmenting small and polymorphous organs (e.g., pancreas) in 3D CT images is still highly challenging due to the complexity of such organs and the difficulties in 3D context information learning restricted by limited GPU memory. In this paper, we present a Fully 3D Cascaded Framework for pancreas segmentation in 3D CT images. We develop a 3D detection network (PancreasNet) to regress the locations of pancreas regions, and two different scales of a 3D segmentation network (SEVoxNet) to segment pancreas in a cascaded manner based on the detection results of PancreasNet. Experiments on the public NIH pancreas segmentation dataset show that we achieve 85.93% in the mean DSC and 75.38% in the mean JI, outperforming state-of-the-art results and with the fastest inference time ever reported (~200 times faster).
Virtual Black Holes in Hyperbolic Metamaterials (2011)

Optical space in electromagnetic metamaterials may be engineered to emulate various exotic space-time geometries. However, these metamaterial models are limited in many respects. It is believed that real physical space-time strongly fluctuates on the Planck scale. These fluctuations are usually described as virtual black holes. Static metamaterial models introduced so far do not exhibit similar behavior. Here we demonstrate that thermal fluctuations of optical space in hyperbolic metamaterials lead to creation of virtual electromagnetic black holes. This effect is very large if the dielectric component of the metamaterial exhibits critical opalescence.
Supplemental Figure Legends from Disruption of Proline Synthesis in Melanoma Inhibits Protein Production Mediated by the GCN2 Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental figure legends for supplemental figures.&lt;/p&gt;
Cyclin B synthesis and rapamycin‐sensitive regulation of protein synthesis during starfish oocyte meiotic divisions (2008)

Translation of cyclin mRNAs represents an important event for proper meiotic maturation and post-fertilization mitoses in many species. Translational control of cyclin B mRNA has been described to be achieved through two separate but related mechanisms: translational repression and polyadenylation. In this paper, we evaluated the contribution of global translational regulation by the cap-dependent translation repressor 4E-BP (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein) on the cyclin B protein synthesis during meiotic maturation of the starfish oocytes. We used the immunosupressant drug rapamycin, a strong inhibitor of cap-dependent translation, to check for the involvement of this protein synthesis during this physiological process. Rapamycin was found to prevent dissociation of 4E-BP from the initiation factor eIF4E and to suppress correlatively a burst of global protein synthesis occurring at the G2/M transition. The drug had no effect on first meiotic division but defects in meiotic spindle formation prevented second polar body emission, demonstrating that a rapamycin-sensitive pathway is involved in this mechanism. While rapamycin affected the global protein synthesis, the drug altered neither the specific translation of cyclin B mRNA nor the expression of the Mos protein. The expression of these two proteins was correlated with the phosphorylation and the dissociation of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein from eIF4E.
Applying i* metrics for the integration of goal-oriented modeling into MDD processes (2010)

Nowadays, there exist modeling techniques that provide good support for the requirements elicitation and analysis of complex scenarios, such as the i* modeling framework. However, the application of these requirements models into Model-Driven Development (MDD) processes is still dependent on the experience of analysts and designers to manually transform the defined requirements models into an appropriate MDD model. Certain approaches have proposed guidelines to facilitate and partially automate this translation, but there is a lack of validation rules establishing how to build i* models for an improved generation of the corresponding MDD models. Thus, in this paper, we propose a set of metrics that are oriented to validating the adequacy of i* models as the starting point for MDD processes, as well as a process for the\n\t\t\t\t application of the proposed metrics in the i* framework.