gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical optimization of the laser induced refractive index change (LIRIC) process: maximizing LIRIC without reaching the damage threshold (2021)

Abstract A method to determine the optimum laser parameters for maximizing laser induced refractive index change (LIRIC) while avoiding exceeding the damage threshold for different materials with high water content (in particular, polymers such as hydrogels or the human cornea) is proposed. The model is based upon two previous independent models for LIRIC and for laser induced optical breakdown (LIOB) threshold combined in a simple manner. This work provides qualitative and quantitative estimates for the parameters leading to a maximum LIRIC effect below the threshold of LIOB.
Prospective study of the airways and pulmonary parenchyma of patients at risk for a second lung cancer. (2003)

Mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ are unusual in patients with resected lung cancer who have stopped smoking for an extended period of time. Patients with lung cancer treated with chest irradiation may be at higher risk for preneoplastic lesions and pulmonary nodules than patients treated with surgical resection alone, but additional patients will need to be studied.
Interfering SPR Sensor with Radial Polarization (2009)

For a collinear SPR sensor, the refractive-index-sensing range was constrained by marginal angle of the objective lens. Utilizing the interfering surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), we demonstrated a new scheme to extend the measured range from 1.3 to 1.5 subject to an effective 1.45-NA microscopic system.
Explorations in Aerospace Law. Selected Essays by John Cobb Cooper. Edited by Ivan A. Vlasic. 1968. Montreal: McGill University Press. Pp. xx, 480 ($11.50). (1969)

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A methodology to characterize fractured reservoirs constrained by statistical geological analysis and production: a real field case study (2013)

Abstract In the oil industry, complex workflow is used to match or predict fluid production. The large uncertainty of the data can lead to large variability of the simulation results, notably because of the strongly heterogeneous nature of fluid flows. The particular case of naturally fractured reservoirs is well known to be especially difficult to match. This paper presents a method to improve an initial geological analysis, carried out in 2008, through the integration of hydrodynamic data in the fractured reservoir model. Dynamic data such as production information, production logging tools and well tests are used to determine fractures properties by calibrating the fluid flow or reservoir pressure measured at wells. The approach, applied to a real field case, respects both the statistical geological analysis and the dynamic analysis of the production history. Using this methodology the geological structural model based on static characterization are preserved and available. In the study we analysed uncertainties and, in respecting the initial geological model, we prove the presence of compartmentalization in the reservoir by matching 1 year of production and three well tests. Both analytical and numerical flow simulations were used at different scales for time and space: near the well and on the whole reservoir.
Enhancing human-computer interaction in medical segmentation (2003)

Medical image acquisition devices are becoming increasingly multidimensional, and predictions assume 5000 images per patient study within the next decade. Therefore, new paradigms for computerized medical image analysis and visualization are of fundamental importance to make possibly full use of the information buried in the enormous flood of image data. The aim of the presented project is the optimal cooperation between computer-based image analysis algorithms and human operators using new closed-loop segmentation systems for improved information flow. This paper describes an enhanced, visuo-haptic interaction tool we have developed for medical segmentation. Evaluation studies with the system, which confirm the value of adding haptic feedback, are also presented.
Optimising Control and Prediction Horizons of a Model Predictive Control-Based Motion Cueing Algorithm Using Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (2020)

The Motion Cueing Algorithm (MCA) oversees regenerating the motion feeling of the real vehicle for the simulation-based motion platform (SBMP) within the physical limitations. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is recently employed as an MCA, which is called MPC-based MCA due to the consideration of the plant's boundaries in finding the optimal input signal. The computational load of the MPC directly relates to the control horizon and prediction horizon of the MPC. In this paper, a new optimisation method using butterfly optimisation algorithm is developed to find the optimal control horizon and prediction horizon of MPC-based MCA. The proposed method reduces the time of the tuning process of the MPC-based MCA, which is usually carried out via trial-and-error and genetic algorithm methods. Also, the trial-and-error method increases the motion sensation error and insufficient usage of the SBMP. The model is validated using MATLAB simulation environment, and the outcomes show that the developed butterfly optimisation algorithm will lead better motion sensation with less wrong motion signals and low computational burden compared with the trial-and-error and genetic algorithm method.
Olefin Metathesis on a TLC Plate as a Tool for a High‐Throughput Screening of Catalyst‐Substrate Sets (2012)

Abstract A methodology for screening either various catalysts for a given metathesis reaction, i.e., ring opening‐ring closing alkene metathesis (RO‐RCM) and cross‐metathesis (CM), or various substrates for a given pre‐catalyst on a thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate has been developed. As the substrates elute with the solvent, this TLC‐based system acts as a heterogeneous catalyst bed (“TLC reactor”). Selected promising catalyst candidates were screened on a TLC plate and their initial catalytic potential as observed in the TLC test was later fully confirmed in a classical heterogeneous reaction set‐up using standard commercially available silica (D11‐10). Reacting polyfunctional, natural product‐like substrates in our TLC reactor allows the simultaneous screening of various substrates and the convenient micro‐scale preparation and isolation of potentially biologically active products.
Competition between<i>Xenopus</i>satellite I sequences and<i>Pol</i>III genes for stable transcription complex formation (1984)

We have constructed hybrid plasmids bearing both Xenopus 5S RNA genes and satellite I sequences in order to test the effect of satellite DNA on 5S gene transcription. Satellite sequences inactivate 5S transcription in both HeLa S100 and Xenopus oocyte microinjection transcription assays. Inactivation of 5S transcription by satellite DNA is observed both in cis and in trans. Transcription of a tRNA gene is also precluded by satellite I DNA. The Xenopus satellite I repeat contains an RNA polymerase III transcription unit which is highly active in both assay systems. This promoter element is 10- to 25-fold more efficient than the 5S gene in transcription competition assays. This quantitative difference in affinity for transcription components may explain the inactivation of 5S transcription by satellite sequences. The satellite I promoter forms stable transcription complexes in vitro which do not dissociate for at least 30 rounds of transcription. Although stable complex formation on the satellite promoter is largely temperature independent over the range of 0-20 degrees, complex formation on both 5S and tRNA genes exhibits a steep temperature dependence characteristic of DNA helix unwinding. The DNA sequence requirements for stable complex formation on 5S genes have been determined using 5' deletion mutants.
Fast forced symbol method for distributed space-time turbo codes using complex orthogonal design (2012)

The idea of Distributed Space-Time Codes (DSTCs) was proposed to achieve spatial and temporal diversity without having channel information at the relays in wireless networks. In that scheme, distributive relays cooperate with each other to generate a Space-Time Code (STC) at the receiver. However, DSTCs have poor error rate performances at low signal to noise ratios (SNRs) that may disqualify them from being used in next generation mobile communications systems. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes a novel scheme based on the joint use of DSTCs and turbo codes, which we call “Distributed Space-Time Turbo Codes (DST-TCs)”. We also propose a Fast Forced Symbol Method (FFSM) which significantly improves the coding gain of the proposed DST-TCs. The FFSM is based on repeated decoding operations and does not require any significant change in the design of encoder and decoder of DST-TC. The FFSM provides 0.9 dB of coding gain over simple DST-TC at frame error rate (FER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> .
Economic analysis for the transport and storage of captured carbon dioxide in South Korea (2013)

The continuous rise of CO 2 emissions is a major cause of global climate change. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is widely seen as a practical technology for reducing CO 2 emissions. CCS mainly consists of capturing CO 2 from large emitting sources and its transportation to a sequestration site where it can be stored safely for a long period of time. The average CO 2 emission growth rate of Korea is 1.0% which is the second highest among the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries. It becomes even more challenging when CO 2 is transported to an offshore storage since there is little experience with subsea pipelines for CO 2 transportation. In this study, a plausible transport and storage model scheme has been developed and then employed to study different offshore CO 2 transportation cases for South Korea as: CO 2 transport in liquid phase (Temperature= −20 ° C, Pressure= 6.50 MPa); CO 2 transport in liquid phase (Temperature= 5 ° C, Pressure= 9.30 MPa); CO 2 transport in supercritical phase (Temperature= 40 ° C, Pressure= 15.00 MPa). CO 2 storage capacity in sedimentary basins of Korea is evaluated between 19 and 27.2 Gt (giga‐ton) of CO 2 . Finally, this paper explores the costs associated with transport and geologic sequestration of CO 2 . Transport cost varies from 10.9 to 15.5 US$/tCO 2 while the storage cost ranges from 20.8 to 21.3 US$/tCO 2 depending on the specific scenario and depth at which CO 2 is stored. Sensitivity analysis showed a decrease in storage cost of 62.4% and 93.6% in 2030 and 2050 respectively for projected CO 2 volumes in Korea. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 978–992, 2014
Evolution of Colloidal Nanocrystals: Theory and Modeling of their Nucleation and Growth (2009)

Through the use of a population balance equation (PBE), the nucleation and growth of nanocrystals evolving under various initial reaction conditions are simulated. Simulations of nanocrystal (NC) growth in both the diffusion and reaction limits are presented, and it is concluded that NC growth proceeds under strongly reaction-limited kinetics. The particle size distributions obtained in the asymptotic diffusion and reaction limits were found to be slightly narrower than the stationary distributions predicted by LSW and Wagner theories, respectively. There is strong experimental evidence indicating that the early stages of NC synthesis involve simultaneous nucleation, growth and coarsening. The simulations performed here are able to replicate these conditions, providing insight into the factors that govern these early time processes, as well as the consequences they have at longer reaction times.
Encryption of agonistic motifs for TLR4 into artificial antigens augmented the maturation of antigen-presenting cells (2017)

Adjuvants are indispensable for achieving a sufficient immune response from vaccinations. From a functional viewpoint, adjuvants are classified into two categories: "physical adjuvants" increase the efficacy of antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APC) and "signal adjuvants" induce the maturation of APC. Our previous study has demonstrated that a physical adjuvant can be encrypted into proteinous antigens by creating artificial proteins from combinatorial assemblages of epitope peptides and those peptide sequences having propensities to form certain protein structures (motif programming). However, the artificial antigens still require a signal adjuvant to maturate the APC; for example, co-administration of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) was required to induce an in vivo immunoreaction. In this study, we further modified the previous artificial antigens by appending the peptide motifs, which have been reported to have agonistic activity for TLR4, to create "adjuvant-free" antigens. The created antigens with triple TLR4 agonistic motifs in their C-terminus have activated NF-κB signaling pathways through TLR4. These proteins also induced the production of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD40 in APC, supporting the maturation of APC in vitro. Unexpectedly, these signal adjuvant-encrypted proteins have lost their ability to be physical adjuvants because they did not induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vivo, while the parental proteins induced CTL. These results confirmed that the manifestation of a motif's function is context-dependent and simple addition does not always work for motif-programing. Further optimization of the molecular context of the TLR4 agonistic motifs in antigens should be required to create adjuvant-free antigens.
Trial of Upadacitinib or Abatacept in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2020)

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to biologic DMARDs, upadacitinib was superior to abatacept in the change from baseline in the DAS28-CRP and the achievement of remission at week 12 but was associated with more serious adverse events. Longer and larger trials are required in order to determine the effect and safety of upadacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (Funded by AbbVie; SELECT-CHOICE Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT03086343.).
Design of a Reconfigurable Patch Antenna Using the Movement of Liquid Metal (2018)

A polarization-agility antenna using liquid metal (eutectic gallium indium) with high radiation efficiency is proposed in this letter. This design approach offers possibilities to use the minimum amount of liquid metal as well as elastomer, so that a higher-radiation-efficiency liquid metal antenna can be realized. The proposed design is based on an aperture-coupled patch antenna composed of both liquid metal alloy and copper tape. The polarization of this antenna is controlled by the position of the pressure-driven liquid metal encased in four triangle cavities constructed by both the elastic dielectric material (i.e., Ecoflex) and polyethylene terephthalate film. A prototype is demonstrated with a center frequency of 2.45 GHz. Three kinds of polarization including left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization are successfully demonstrated. A radiation efficiency higher than 90% is observed in the measurement.
Heterotrimeric Collagen Peptides as Fluorogenic Collagenase Substrates:  Synthesis, Conformational Properties, and Enzymatic Digestion (2000)

The collagenase cleavage site of collagen type I, i.e., the sequence portions 772-784 (P(4)-P(9)') and 772-785 (P(4)-P(10)') of the two alpha1-chains and the sequence portion 772-784 (P(4)-P(9)') of the alpha2-chain, were assembled in an alpha1alpha2alpha1' register by C-terminal cross-linking of these peptides with an artificial cystine knot. The triple-helical conformation of the construct was stabilized by N-terminal extensions with (Gly-Pro-Hyp)(5) repeats. The gaps in the sequence alignment were filled up, and the alpha1-chain was dansylated and the alpha1'-chain was acylated with a tryptophan residue to place in spatial proximity the two chromophores for an efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Although the incorporation of the two N-terminal chromophores leads to partial destabilization of the overall triple-helical fold, the heterotrimer behaved as a collagen-like substrate of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1 and MMP-13. Cleavage of the fluorogenic heterotrimer leads to a 6-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, thus making it a useful fluorogenic substrate for interstitial collagenases. With this folded heterotrimeric collagen molecule it was shown that fluorescence resonance energy transfer, as applied so far only for the design of linear fluorogenic enzyme substrates, can also be exploited in conformation dependency.
Perianal Crohn Disease (2002)

The proposed scoring system correlated well with the short-term outcome of surgical intervention in patients with perianal Crohn disease and allowed prediction of surgical success. Ultimately, it may be possible to alter therapy based on preoperative prediction of the expected postoperative outcome.
Raman scattering from the peroxide ion in Cs<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (2002)

Abstract The Raman spectrum of Cs 2 O 2 excited at 632.8 nm shows a single O 2 −2 fundamental band at wavenumber of 742.5 cm −1 and second and third overtones at 1468.5 and 2176.8 cm −1 , respectively. The harmonic wavenumber ω e = 759.5 ± 0.7 cm −1 and anharmonicity constant ω e x e = 8.4 ± 0.3 cm −1 were calculated directly from the measurements. These results are compared with ω e = 1151.0 ± 1.5 cm −1 and ω e x e = 9.6 ± 0.5 cm −1 recently found for O 2 − ion in CsO 2 by others. The lower ω e x e of O 2 −2 relative to that of O 2 − indicates a broader (smaller curvature) anharmonic oscillator potential well. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Theory and Design of Pseudolites (1994)

Ground-based GPS transmitters (often called
pseudolites) can solve many different problems.
For example, they can be used to improve the
geometry of local position solutions, to transmit ref-
erence data in digital or analog form for differential
GPS users, and to assist algorithms for RAIM and
for carrier-phase ambiguity resolution. In this paper,
we catalog the uses of pseudolites and discuss the
requirements these different uses place on the
transmitted signals. We then propose some con-
ceptual pseudolite designs for particular uses.
Finally, we present two particular pseudolites we
have constructed. The first is the “GPS marker
beacon” used in Stanford’s Kinematic GPS Landing
System (KGLS). This beacon is the size of a busi-
ness card and is powered by a common g-volt bat-
tery. KGLS flight tests using this beacon have
demonstrated extreme/y precise realtime positioning
(<2cm, lo) for aircraft in the landing pattern, and
the additional information provided by the beacon
allows high confidence in the integrity of the position
solution. Our second pseudolite is the “Omni-
Marker”, a reference station for differential GPS
which provides reference information to users with
latency less than 0.1 second.
Electric Propulsion in Germany: Current Program and Prospectives (2005)

Electric Propulsion development in Germany goes back to the early sixties, when Prof. Dr. Horst Loeb at 1 Physical Institute of Justus-Liebig-University Giessen designed the first Radiofrequency Ion Thruster – RIT. Ten years later, a fruitful cooperation was initiated with the aerospace company MBB based in Ottobrunn. In the early seventies Prof. Dr. Gerhard Kruelle from DLR Stuttgart developed Applied Field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters (X-series) with very high power demand, which – even today – could not be made available in space. Today, there is a broad spectrum of EP developments, modeling as well as diagnostic tools, and test facilities at university institutes (IPI, IRS), companies (EADS ST, TEDG), some private researchers (AI), and supporting institutes for plasma applications (IOM, INP). EP depends to a great extent on the development of modern, high efficient Power Supply and Control Electronics by companies with wide experience in space qualification and flight heritage (ASP, EADS Astrium, vH&S).
Structure–Property Relationships for Polyether-Based Electrolytes in the High-Dielectric-Constant Regime (2022)

Establishing general structure–property relationships for polymer electrolytes is crucial to enable design of improved materials to advance solid-state energy storage. We report the relationship between dielectric constant, glass transition temperature, and ionic conductivity for polyether-based electrolytes with dielectric constants of the polyether host within the range 7–35 at 60 °C. The ionic conductivities of the polyether and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide mixtures ranged from 10–7 to 10–3 S/cm. In this higher-dielectric-constant regime, here defined as a polymer with a dielectric constant greater than that of poly(ethylene oxide) (ca. 9.0), the glass transition temperature increased with dielectric constant while ionic conductivity decreased. These results complement a recent report on the low-dielectric-constant regime, where the ionic conductivity was limited by the dielectric constant and ion dissociation. In the high-dielectric-constant regime explored here, segmental dynamics are slowed due to stronger polymer–polymer and polymer–ion interactions, resulting in decreased ionic conductivity and associated increase in neat polymer glass transition temperature. The disparate chemical structures of the polymers of this study, along with the results of past coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, support the generality of these conclusions and speak to the difficulty of identifying a single molecular characteristic leading to the design of high-conductivity polymer electrolytes. Widely used poly(ethylene oxide) represents a near-optimal balance between the low- and high-dielectric-constant regimes. To improve upon the ionic conductivity limitations of polymer electrolytes, single-component polymer hosts are unlikely to resolve the trade-off between the need for ion dissociation while retaining rapid segmental dynamics.
In-situ detection based on the biofilm hydrophilicity for environmental biofilm formation (2019)

A biofilm has a unique structure composed of microorganisms, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), etc., and it is layered on a substrate in water. In material science, it is important to detect the biofilm formed on a surface to prevent biofouling. EPSs, the major component of the biofilm, mainly consist of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Because these biomolecules have a variety of hydrophilicities or hydrophobicities, the substrate covered with the biofilm shows different wettability from the initial state. To detect the biofilm formation, this study employed a liquid-squeezing-based wettability assessment method with a simple wettability index: the liquid-squeezed diameter of a smaller value indicates higher wettability. The method is based on the liquid-squeezing behaviour of a liquid that covers sample surfaces when an air-jet is applied. To form the biofilm, polystyrene surfaces were immersed and incubated in a water-circulated bioreactor that had collected microorganisms in ambient air. After the 14-d incubation, good formation of the biofilm on the surfaces was confirmed by staining with crystal violet. Although the contact angles of captive bubbles on the surfaces with the biofilm were unmeasurable, the liquid-squeezing method could distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic initial surfaces with and without biofilm formation using the diameter of the liquid-squeezed area. The surface wettability is expected to be a promising property for in-situ detection of biofilm formation on a macroscopic scale.