gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of alemtuzumab treatment on the survival and function of human regulatory <scp>T</scp> cells <i>in vitro</i> (2013)

Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for the CD52 protein present at high levels on the surface of B and T lymphocytes. In clinical trials, alemtuzumab has shown a clinical benefit superior to that of interferon-β in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Treatment with alemtuzumab leads to the depletion of circulating lymphocytes followed by a repopulation process characterized by alterations in the number, proportions and properties of lymphocyte subsets. Of particular interest, an increase in the percentage of T cells with a regulatory phenotype (Treg cells) has been observed in multiple sclerosis patients after alemtuzumab. Since Treg cells play an important role in the control of autoimmune responses, the effect of alemtuzumab on Treg cells was further studied in vitro. Alemtuzumab effectively mediated complement-dependent cytolysis of human T lymphocytes and the remaining population was enriched in T cells with a regulatory phenotype. The alemtuzumab-exposed T cells displayed functional regulatory characteristics including anergy to stimulation with allogeneic dendritic cells and ability to suppress the allogeneic response of autologous T cells. Consistent with the observed increase in Treg cell frequency, the CD25(hi) T-cell population was necessary for the suppressive activity of alemtuzumab-exposed T cells. The mechanism of this suppression was found to be dependent on both cell-cell contact and interleukin-2 consumption. These findings suggest that an alemtuzumab-mediated increase in the proportion of Treg cells may play a role in promoting the long-term efficacy of alemtuzumab in patients with multiple sclerosis.
A formalism for independent checking of Gamma Knife dose calculations (2001)

For stereotactic radiosurgery using the Leksell Gamma Knife system, it is important to perform a pre-treatment verification of the maximum dose calculated with the Leksell GammaPlan (DLGP) stereotactic radiosurgery system. This verification can be incorporated as part of a routine quality assurance (QA) procedure to minimize the chance of a hazardous overdose. To implement this procedure, a formalism has been developed to calculate the dose DCAL(X,Y,Z,dav,t) using the following parameters: average target depth (dav), coordinates (X,Y,Z) of the maximum dose location or any other dose point(s) to be verified, 3-dimensional (3-dim) beam profiles or off-centerratios (OCR) of the four helmets, helmet size i, output factor Oi, plug factor Pi, each shot j coordinates (x,y,z)i,j, and shot treatment time (ti,j). The average depth of the target dav was obtained either from MRI/CT images or ruler measurements of the Gamma Knife Bubble Head Frame. DCAL and DLGP were then compared to evaluate the accuracy of this independent calculation. The proposed calculation for an independent check of DLGP has been demonstrated to be accurate and reliable, and thus serves as a QA tool for Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery.
The three-dimensional context of a double helix determines the fluorescence of the internucleoside-tethered pair of fluorophores (2013)

We report a general phenomenon of the formation of either a fluorescent or an entirely quenched oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) duplex system by hybridizing pairs of complementary ODNs with identical chemical composition. The ODNs carried internucleoside tether-linked cyanines, where the cyanines were chosen to form a Förster's resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor-acceptor pair. The fluorescent and quenched ODN duplex systems differed only in that the cyanines linked to the respective ODNs were linked either closer to the 5'- or 3'-ends of the molecule. In either case, however, the dyes were separated by an identical number (7 or 8) of base pairs. Characterization by molecular modeling and energy minimization using a conformational search algorithm in a molecular operating environment (MOE) revealed that linking of the dyes closer to the 5'-ends resulted in their reciprocal orientation across the major groove which allowed a closely interacting dye pair to be formed. This overlap between the donor and acceptor dye molecules resulted in changes in absorbance spectra consistent with the formation of H-aggregates. Conversely, dyes linked closer to 3'-ends exhibited emissive FRET and formed a pair of dyes that interacted with the DNA helix only weakly. Induced CD spectra analysis suggested that interaction with the double helix was weaker than in the case of the closely interacting cyanine dye pair. Linking the dyes such that the base pair separation was 10 or 0 favored energy transfer with subsequent acceptor emission. Our results suggest that when interpreting FRET measurements from nucleic acids, the use of a "spectroscopic ruler" principle which takes into account the 3D helical context of the double helix will allow more accurate interpretation of fluorescence emission.
Different molecular levels of post-induction minimal residual disease may predict hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome in adult Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2014)

Different molecular levels of post-induction minimal residual disease may predict hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome in adult Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia
3D Microstructural Study of AlSi8Mg5 Alloy by FIB-Tomography 3D-Mikrostrukturuntersuchung an einer AlSi8Mg5-Legierung mit der FIB-Tomographie (2010)

In the present work, a foundry AlSi8Mg5 alloy is investigated by FIB-Tomography in the as-cast condition and after semi-solid heat treatment. The different microstrutural features are characterized quantitatively using morphological shape factors. The 3D-shape of M g ​ Si Chinese script as well as Si and impurity Fe containing phases are revealed in high detail. A comparative study with respect to 2D structures is presented as well.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) dispersion of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/clay nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties (2017)

ABSTRACT Dispersed poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/clay nanocomposites can lead to materials with superior barrier and mechanical properties. PET/clay nanocomposites were prepared by melting extrusion of PET with as‐received or supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) predispersed Cloisite ® 30B (30B). The predispersion of 30B was assessed by WAXD, SEM, and TGA, and results indicated that scCO 2 processing could predisperse 30B and the surface modification of the clay was preserved after processing. The structure of PET/30B nanocomposites was investigated by WAXD and TEM confirming that PET has penetrated into the clays inter‐galleries and the predispersed clays lead to improved interfacial interaction and homogenous clay dispersion. Both tensile strength and Young's modulus were improved by 12.1% and 24.9% respectively, as incorporating of 3 wt % of scCO 2 processed clay. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that clay particles served as nucleation agent could increase the crystallinity whereas had no impact on melting process. In addition, with the addition of 1 wt % of predispersed clay, a significant reduction of oxygen permeation (∼33%) was achieved at 23 °C and the maximum reduction (44%) was achieved by adding 3 wt % processed clay. Moreover, we confirmed the effect of temperature on the permeation of PET/30B nanocomposites depended both on the Arrhenius behavior of the organic phases and tortuous path effects, where improved clay dispersion resulted in a higher effective activation energy. Moreover, the transparency of PET matrix was preserved for all nanocomposites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44779.
Analysis of Stress arid Deflection for CSP under Heat Cycles (2004)

In the present paper, a deformation induced in a new bonding technology of Chip Size Package (CSP) using resin encapsulation sheets is examined numerically and experimentally. Deflections after cooling from a bonding temperature are measured experimentally for various kinds of substrate and the thickness of an integrated circuit using a laser beam. In particular, a simple theory on the basis of a multilayered plate theory considering a viscoelastic property in the substrate and encapsulation are presented, arid the thermo-viscoelastic analysis for the deflection of CSP is performed. We could show that the simple formula for multilayered plates based on the thermo-viscoelastic theory can estimate fairly well the deflection of CSP in experiment.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Blockade of AP-1 Potentiates Endocrine Therapy and Overcomes Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Full gel&lt;/p&gt;
SmI<sub>2</sub> Reduced Thioesters as Synthons of Unstable Acyl Radicals:  Direct Synthesis of Potential Protease Inhibitors via Intermolecular Radical Addition (2003)

Aromatic alpha-heterosubstituted thioesters were found to undergo radical 1,4-addition reactions to a series of alpha,beta-unsaturated amides and one ester when subjected to the single electron reducing agent, samarium diiodide, at -78 degrees C. These thioesters derived from alpha-amino acids represent a synthetically useful synthon of unstable acyl radicals. This reaction conveniently provides access to gamma-ketoamides and esters in yields up to 90%, structures that are common in various protease inhibitors derived from peptides. Examples with acryloyl and methacryloyl derivatives of alpha-amino acids and dipeptides lead directly to tri- and tetrapeptide mimetics possessing the gamma-ketoamide functionality. No epimerization was observed with the mild conditions used for these reactions.
Data from Orally Bioavailable Androgen Receptor Degrader, Potential Next-Generation Therapeutic for Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Androgen receptor (AR)-targeting prostate cancer drugs, which are predominantly competitive ligand-binding domain (LBD)-binding antagonists, are inactivated by common resistance mechanisms. It is important to develop next-generation mechanistically distinct drugs to treat castration- and drug-resistant prostate cancers.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Second-generation AR pan antagonist UT-34 was selected from a library of compounds and tested in competitive AR binding and transactivation assays. UT-34 was tested using biophysical methods for binding to the AR activation function-1 (AF-1) domain. Western blot, gene expression, and proliferation assays were performed in various AR-positive enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer cell lines. Pharmacokinetic and xenograft studies were performed in immunocompromised rats and mice.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;UT-34 inhibits the wild-type and LBD-mutant ARs comparably and inhibits the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; proliferation and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; growth of enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer xenografts. In preclinical models, UT-34 induced the regression of enzalutamide-resistant tumors at doses when the AR is degraded; but, at lower doses, when the AR is just antagonized, it inhibits, without shrinking, the tumors. This indicates that degradation might be a prerequisite for tumor regression. Mechanistically, UT-34 promotes a conformation that is distinct from the LBD-binding competitive antagonist enzalutamide and degrades the AR through the ubiquitin proteasome mechanism. UT-34 has a broad safety margin and exhibits no cross-reactivity with G-protein–coupled receptor kinase and nuclear receptor family members.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Collectively, UT-34 exhibits the properties necessary for a next-generation prostate cancer drug.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A large-stroke electrostatic micro-actuator (2011)

Voltage-driven parallel-plate electrostatic actuators suffer from an operation range limit of 30% of the electrostatic gap; this has restrained their application in microelectromechanical systems. In this paper, the travel range of an electrostatic actuator made of a micro-cantilever beam above a fixed electrode is extended quasi-statically to 90% of the capacitor gap by introducing a voltage regulator (controller) circuit designed for low-frequency actuation. The voltage regulator reduces the actuator input voltage, and therefore the electrostatic force, as the beam approaches the fixed electrode so that balance is maintained between the mechanical restoring force and the electrostatic force. The low-frequency actuator also shows evidence of high-order superharmonic resonances that are observed here for the first time in electrostatic actuators.
Gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders: recent advances for metachromatic leukodystrophy and mucopolysaccaridosis I (2017)

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are rare inherited metabolic disorders characterized by a dysfunction in lysosomes, leading to waste material accumulation and severe organ damage. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) have been exploited as potential treatments for LSDs but pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown in some cases limited efficacy. Intravenous ERT is able to control the damage of visceral organs but cannot prevent nervous impairment. Depending on the disease type, HSCT has important limitations when performed for early variants, unless treatment occurs before disease onset. In the attempt to overcome these issues, gene therapy has been proposed as a valuable therapeutic option, either ex vivo, with target cells genetically modified in vitro, or in vivo, by inserting the genetic material with systemic or intra-parenchymal, in situ administration. In particular, the use of autologous haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) transduced with a viral vector containing a healthy copy of the mutated gene would allow supra-normal production of the defective enzyme and cross correction of target cells in multiple tissues, including the central nervous system. This review will provide an overview of the most recent scientific advances in HSC-based gene therapy approaches for the treatment of LSDs with particular focus on metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I).
Inorganic and Layered Perovskites for Optoelectronic Devices (2019)

Organic-inorganic halide perovskites are making breakthroughs in a range of optoelectronic devices. Reports of >23% certified power conversion efficiency in photovoltaic devices, external quantum efficiency >21% in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), continuous-wave lasing and ultralow lasing thresholds in optically pumped lasers, and detectivity in photodetectors on a par with commercial GaAs rivals are being witnessed, making them the fastest ever emerging material technology. Still, questions on their toxicity and long-term stability raise concerns toward their market entry. The intrinsic instability in these materials arises due to the organic cation, typically the volatile methylamine (MA), which contributes to hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics and ion migration. Alternative inorganic substitutes to MA, such as cesium, and large organic cations that lead to a layered structure, enhance structural as well as device operational stability. These perovskites also provide a high exciton binding energy that is a prerequisite to enhance radiative emission yield in LEDs. The incorporation of inorganic and layered perovskites, in the form of polycrystalline films or as single-crystalline nanostructure morphologies, is now leading to the demonstration of stable devices with excellent performance parameters. Herein, key developments made in various optoelectronic devices using these perovskites are summarized and an outlook toward stable yet efficient devices is presented.
A comparison of the fungal genera Phaeophleospora and Kirramyces (coelomycetes) (1997)

Phaeophleospora eugeniae Rangel, the type species of Phaeophleospora Rangel, has recently been collected and cultured from leaf spots of Eugenia uniflora L. in Brazil. Based on its brown, verruculose, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells, conidiomatal anatomy and conidial morphology, Phaeophleospora is resurrected as the earlier name for the recently established coelomycete genus, Kirramyces J. Walker, B. Sutton & I. Pascoe. New combinations are proposed for the seven former species of Kirramyces, namely P. destructans (W. J. Wingf. & Crous) Crous, F.A. Ferreira & B. Sutton, P. epicoccoides (Cooke & Massee) Crous, F.A. Ferreira & B. Sutton, P. eucalypti (Cooke & Massee) Crous, F.A. Ferreira & B. Sutton, P. hebes (W. Wu, B, Sutton & A.C. Gange) Crous, F.A. Ferreira & B. Sutton, P. lilianiae (J. Walker, B. Sutton & I. Pascoe) Crous, F.A. Ferreira & B. Sutton, P. proteae (B. Sutton) Crous, F.A. Ferreira & B. Sutton and P. phormii (Naito) Crous, F.A. Ferreira & B, Sutton combs, nov.
Unscented Information Filtering with Interacting Multiple Model for Multiple Sensor Target Tracking (2013)

A new method that combines an unscented information filtering (UIF) algorithm with an interacting multiple model (IMM) framework under a distributed multiple-sensor fusion architecture is proposed. The objective of the proposed scheme is to track a maneuverable target whose dynamics can be modeled with multiple nonlinear models, and whose measurements are obtained from and processed at distributed systems. An IMM is not suited for information fusion architectures because it does not use combined estimates and covariance from a previous step to predict values at the next time step, which is essential for information filtering. The proposed algorithm fuses data, such as the information state contribution and information matrix, of each UIF that is included in an IMM filter. Moreover, the proposed algorithm improves the tracking performance when the mode likelihood functions in the IMM, which are important in flight mode detection and change, are shared among the distributed systems. The tracking results from simulations indicate that the present filtering method can be a good solution to tracking of a maneuvering target in multiple-sensor environments.
A Low-Power, Highly Scalable, Vertical Double-Gate MOSFET Using Novel Processes (2008)

A sub-45-nm body thickness, vertical-channel, double-gate MOSFET (VDFET) is fabricated on a bulk silicon substrate. The process, in principle, is scalable down to sub-5-nm body thicknesses. It is realized that using very coarse lithography (~1 mum resolution) does not require chemical-mechanical polarization (CMP), and is capable of being integrated with a planar CMOS flow. It relies on the following key, novel, unit processes: (1) a spacer process capable of thickness down to 5 nm; (2) an additional self-aligned process for obtaining a thicker bottom/corner oxide, thus, minimizing leakage and parasitic capacitance; (3) a novel drain contact process including etch stop and implant. Each unit process, by itself, exhibits the versatility to be used in other applications too. Various implant conditions, order of implant step, and starting substrate dopings are studied, and best conditions identified through TSUPREM4 simulations, and later, through experiments to ensure process robustness and dopant tunability for the thin-body vertical double-gate MOSFETs (VDFETs). Drain was implanted separately for better channel length control. Excellent electrical properties in terms of I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> - V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> ,Id - V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> , and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> - V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> are measured. Electrical results show excellent short-channel effect (SCE) immunity and close to an ideal subthreshold slope (64 mV/dec), resulting in a very high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> -I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio. In addition, the impact of body thickness and the drain contact area on I-V curves and the impact of the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> etch-stop layer on channel current enhancement are studied.
A New Technique for Positioning of chipless RFID tags (2014)

In this paper, a new method is proposed for the accurate positioning of chipless RFID tags located in the reader area. The reader area is subdivided into some triangular unit cells. Each unit cell is covered by three antennas located at the vertices of the triangles in order to extract the position of the tags. Employing mathematical formulation, it is shown that by applying Narrow-frequency matrix pencil method (NFMPM) to the frequency response of the tag, the distance of the tag from the antennas can be found in the space-frequency diagram.
Low Losses Ferrites for High Integration Level in Power Electronics (2014)

The present trend in power electronics is the increase of power density and the reduction of the size and cost of devices. It is now mandatory to find new solutions to reach high integration levels without decreasing the efficiency and by considering thermal issues. Recently, a new family of low-loss ferrites emerged for high frequency applications (>1 MHz). These ferrites are nickel-zinc-copper-cobalt spinel ferrites and can be favorably used in very compact high frequency SMPS (Switching Mode Power Supplies). This paper presents their magnetic properties in comparison with the state of the art of power ferrites.
The role of <sup>18</sup>F‐FDG PET/CT imaging in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (2011)

Disease assessment in WM is dependent on the quantification of the IgM monoclonal protein and percent involvement of the bone marrow. There is a need for imaging studies that objectively measure tumor load in these patients. In this study, we sought to examine the role of combined FDG-PET/CT imaging in the detection of tumor load and in the assessment of response to therapy. Thirty-five patients were enrolled on a prospective study using bortezomib and rituximab therapy and were included in this study because they completed a pre- and post-treatment FDG-PET/CT imaging at one facility (12 newly diagnosed and 23 relapsed/refractory). The use of combined FDG-PET/CT imaging showed positive findings in 83% of patients with WM, unlike prior studies using conventional imaging that indicate that only 20% of patients have lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Moreover, 43% of patients had abnormal bone marrow uptake on FDG-PET imaging that can potentially help in the assessment of their tumor load, especially with heterogenous sampling of the bone marrow. There was no statistical correlation between EORTC response criteria for FDG-PET/CT and response by monoclonal protein. This is the first study to examine the role of FDG-PET/CT imaging in WM. Future studies should examine the role of FDG-PET/CT in conjunction with monoclonal protein response in the assessment of progression-free survival in patients with WM.
[Ca(XeF<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>](AsF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>: (n = 4, 2.5): The First Coordination Compounds of Ca<sup>2+</sup> with XeF<sub>2</sub> Ligand. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.