gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic properties of Si(111)-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>and related reconstructions: Density functional theory calculations (2012)

The $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ reconstruction of Si(111) has the interesting property of being metallic despite bulk Si being a semiconductor. This surface has a complex reconstruction that takes on a dimer-adatom stacking fault (DAS) structure composed of adatoms, rest atoms, and several other key features. It is believed that the dangling bonds of the adatoms play a crucial role in the high conductivity and that this is predominantly a surface-state band effect. To elucidate the details of this mechanism, we investigate a set of related Si(111) reconstructions of increasing complexity in order to resolve the effect of the different DAS features on the electronic and transport properties of the Si(111)-$7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ surface. Density functional theory calculations are carried out on the $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$-R30${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$, $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5$, and $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ reconstructions of Si(111). Since these surfaces are modeled as two-dimensional slabs, a careful investigation is carried out to determine the slab thickness needed to capture the structural and electronic properties of these systems. The densities of states (DOSs) projected on different atoms in these surfaces are then compared, revealing that the $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$, $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5$, and $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ surfaces are metallic, while the $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ surface is semiconducting. Finally, the DOSs for Si(111)-$7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ are related to scanning tunneling microscope data to offer an explanation for different adatom prominence trends depending on Si sample doping.
Large ion yields in hydrogen scattering from a graphite surface (1997)

In this article we report on surface scattering experiments at graphite as to model the interactions at divertor surfaces in tokamaks and conversion electrodes in negative ion sources. The formation of negative and positive hydrogen ions on a graphite surface during positive hydrogenous ion scattering at a projectile energy of 400 eV is observed. A remarkably high H− and H+ ion fraction, both varying between 10% and 30% of all scattered particles, is found during scattering of positive hydrogenous ions.
System performance and layered analysis tool (2011)

Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division (NSWC-PCD) has developed a System Performance and Layered Analysis Tool (SPLAT) using MATLAB. The overall goal is to detect terrorist threats, particularly in an open crowded area, in a timely manner. Given a sensor configuration and a scenario specification, it combines a layered set of threat detection sensors to determine overall system performance in terms of probability of detection, probability of false alarm, and cost. SPLAT avoids overly optimistic performance estimates inherent when a series of closely spaced detection events are modeled as discrete, independent Bernoulli trials. SPLAT describes all sensors using multi-dimensional lookup tables, thereby circumventing the need to mathematically model complex sensor performance functions. This methodology is sufficiently general that it can be applied to a broad class of problems where multiple stationary sensors attempt to detect a moving target.
Determination of the effects of epidermal growth factor on urokinase secretion and urokinase receptor display in a well-differentiated human colon carcinoma cell line. (1989)

The regulation of urokinase secretion and receptor display in a well-differentiated colon carcinoma cell line, GEO, adapted to serum-free conditions was examined. In protein-free medium, the cell line secreted 0.8 +/- 0.1 ng/ml/10(6) cells of urokinase in a 3-day period as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This value was elevated 4-fold when the cells were cultivated in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) but not insulin or transferrin. Propagation of the cell line with any combination of these growth factors was not superior to EGF alone in inducing urokinase secretion. The presence of EGF raised the radioactive laminin-solubilizing activity of the conditioned medium. In the absence of the growth factor, spent medium supplemented with plasminogen solubilized 23,000 +/- 7,000 dpm/10(6) cells of the immobilized laminin. This value was increased to 95,000 +/- 10,000 dpm/10(6) cells when the cultures were grown with EGF. Northern analysis indicated that the elevated level of the plasminogen activator protein by EGF was a consequence of a more abundant urokinase transcript. The stimulation of urokinase secretion by EGF was accompanied by a reduction of radioactive urokinase binding to the cell line. The reduction in plasminogen activator binding was not further enhanced by insulin or transferrin. In addition, these latter growth factors, by themselves, were ineffective in altering the amount of plasminogen activator bound. The attenuation in 125I-labeled urokinase binding did not reflect occupation of the receptors with endogenous ligand as acid pretreatment was without effect on the binding profile. Scatchard analysis revealed that the altered urokinase binding by EGF reflected a decrease in receptor number from 14,000 +/- 1,500 to 8,000 +/- 1,500 sites per cell. The temporal relationship of urokinase secretion and receptor display was examined. Changes in either parameter required an EGF exposure period of 10 h or more. Further amplification of the EGF effects was seen with longer incubation times with the growth peptide. These opposite effects of EGF on urokinase secretion and receptor display may suggest a homeostatic control mechanism for keeping the plasminogen activator system in check. The ability of the cell line to express biological characteristics associated with a well-differentiated colon cell type may reflect its capacity to suppress a system which is usually associated with the transformed state.
Distinct mechanisms regulating mechanical force-induced Ca2+ signals at the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum in human mesenchymal stem cells (2015)

It is unclear that how subcellular organelles respond to external mechanical stimuli. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which mechanical force regulates Ca2+ signaling at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in human mesenchymal stem cells. Without extracellular Ca2+, ER Ca2+ release is the source of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations induced by laser-tweezer-traction at the plasma membrane, providing a model to study how mechanical stimuli can be transmitted deep inside the cell body. This ER Ca2+ release upon mechanical stimulation is mediated not only by the mechanical support of cytoskeleton and actomyosin contractility, but also by mechanosensitive Ca2+ permeable channels on the plasma membrane, specifically TRPM7. However, Ca2+ influx at the plasma membrane via mechanosensitive Ca2+ permeable channels is only mediated by the passive cytoskeletal structure but not active actomyosin contractility. Thus, active actomyosin contractility is essential for the response of ER to the external mechanical stimuli, distinct from the mechanical regulation at the plasma membrane.
Ultralow-loss 3-dB photonic crystal waveguide splitter (2004)

A photonic crystal waveguide splitter that exhibits ultralow-loss 3-dB splitting for TE-polarized light is fabricated in silicon-on-insulator material by use of deep UV lithography. The high performance is achieved by use of a Y junction, which is designed to ensure single-mode operation, and low-loss 60 degrees bends. Zero-loss 3-dB output is experimentally obtained in the range 1560-1585 nm. Results from three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain modeling with no adjustable parameters are found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Multi‐objective design optimization of dental implant geometrical parameters (2021)

In-silico investigations are becoming an integral part of the development of novel biomedical devices, including dental implants. Using computer simulations can streamline the process by tuning different geometrical and structural features, emphasizing the osseointegration of the implant design a priori, leading to the optimal designs in preparation for in-vivo trails. This research aims to elucidate the interrelationship between 12 geometrical variables that holistically define the shape of the implant. The approach to achieve optimality hinged on coupling the finite element analysis results with the fractional factorial design method. The latter was used to determine the most influential variables during the screening process, followed by the parameter optimization process using the response surface method, regarding four different objectives, namely: bone-implant contact area, volume of trabecular bone dead cells, volume of cortical bone dead cells, and axial displacement. This resulted in reducing the number of virtual experiments and substantially decreasing the computational cost without compromising the accuracy of the solution. It was found that the optimized values improved the performance significantly. The validity of all models was verified by comparing optimized responses with simulation results. A sensitivity analysis was performed on all five optimized models to address the effect of friction coefficient on the implant-bone joint interaction. It was shown that the mechanical behavior of implant-bone would be independent in higher friction coefficients. The significance of this study is demonstrated in determining the most effective and optimized values of all possible geometrical parameters considering their singular or interactive effects.
Mechanisms of Prostate Tumorigenesis: Roles for Transcription Factors Nkx3.1 and Egr1 (2005)

Recent developments in the generation and analysis of transgenic mouse models have improved our understanding of the early stages of prostate tumorigenesis. Analysis of models based on the homeodomain protein Nkx3.1 and the zinc finger protein Egr1 suggests that these transcription factors play distinct roles in the initiation and progression of precursor prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions, respectively. Nkx3.1 is a candidate prostate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) that demonstrates haploinsufficiency. Disruption of one or both copies of the murine Nkx3.1 gene leads to the development of epithelial hyperplasia and PIN. This appears to be a consequence of delayed exit from the cell cycle by differentiating prostate luminal epithelial cells in Nkx3.1 mutant mice. Gene expression profiling has provided additional insight into the basis of haploinsufficiency in Nkx3.1 mutant mice. A reduction in Nkx3.1 dosage leads to dramatic alterations in the expression of a subset of genes by altering the probability of a target gene existing in the "on" or "off" state. The immediate early gene Egr1, on the other hand, is overexpressed in human and mouse prostate tumors and PIN lesions and regulates the expression of several genes implicated in prostate tumor progression, including platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor II. Prostate cancer-prone mice lacking Egr1 exhibit a significant delay in tumor progression. Specifically, Egr1 deficiency impairs the transition from PIN to invasive carcinoma. Thus, Nkx3.1 and Egr1 regulate gene programs involved in distinct aspects of prostate tumorigenesis.
Efficient, adversarial neighbor discovery using logical channels on Microsoft Azure (2016)

We introduce an effective technique that exploits logical channels for malicious co-location and target identification on Microsoft Azure cloud instances. Specifically, we employ-two co-location scenarios: targeted co-location with a specific victim or co-location with subsequent identification of victims of interest. We develop a novel, noise-resistant co-location detection method through the network channel that provides fast, reliable results with no cooperation from the victim. Also, our method does not require access to the victim instance neither as a legitimate user nor a malicious attacker.
The development and application of random matrix theory in adaptive signal processing in the sample deficient regime (2014)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2014
Alterations in TCR-MHC Contacts Subsequent to Cross-Recognition of Class I MHC and Singly Substituted Peptide Variants (1998)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) elicits H-2Kb-restricted CTLs specific for the immunodominant VSV octapeptide RGYVYQGL. To study the structural features important for interaction between the TCR beta-chain and the peptide/MHC complex, we immunized TCR alpha-chain transgenic mice with the VSV peptide and raised a panel of anti-VSV CTL clones with identical TCR alpha-chains. Consistent with our previous analysis of uncloned populations of primary CTLs, the anti-VSV CTL clones were all Vbeta13+ and expressed TCR beta-chains with highly homologous complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) loops. Although the clones expressed similar TCRs, they differed in their ability to cross-react with VSV peptide variants singly substituted at TCR contact positions 4 and 6. These findings allowed us to identify short stretches of amino acids in the C-terminal region of the CDR3beta loop that, when altered, modify the cross-reaction capability of the TCR to position 4 and position 6 variant peptides. To further probe the structural correlates of biologic cross-reactivity, we used cross-reactive CTL clones and cell lines expressing point mutations in H-2Kb to investigate the effect of single amino acid changes in the peptide on the pattern of recognition of the TCR for the peptide/MHC complex. Single conservative substitutions in the peptide were sufficient to alter the recognition contacts between a cross-reactive TCR and the MHC molecule, supporting the idea that the TCR can make overall structural adjustments in MHC contacts to accommodate single amino acid changes in the peptide.
UCLID-Net: Single View Reconstruction in Object Space (2020)

Most state-of-the-art deep geometric learning single-view reconstruction approaches rely on encoder-decoder architectures that output either shape parametrizations or implicit representations. However, these representations rarely preserve the Euclidean structure of the 3D space objects exist in. In this paper, we show that building a geometry preserving 3-dimensional latent space helps the network concurrently learn global shape regularities and local reasoning in the object coordinate space and, as a result, boosts performance.
Simulation of CO2 Storage Using a Parameterization Method for Essential Trapping Physics: FluidFlower Benchmark Study (2023)

Abstract An efficient compositional framework is developed for simulation of CO $$_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> storage in saline aquifers during a full-cycle injection, migration and post-migration processes. Essential trapping mechanisms, including structural, dissolution, and residual trapping, which operate at different time scales, are accurately captured in the presented unified framework. In particular, a parameterization method is proposed to efficiently describe the relevant physical processes. The proposed framework is validated by comparing the dynamics of gravity-induced convective transport with that reported in the literature. Results show good agreement for both the characteristics of descending fingers and the associated dissolution rate. The developed simulator is then applied to study the FluidFlower benchmark model. An experimental setup with heterogeneous geological layers is discretized into a two-dimensional computational domain where numerical simulation is performed. Impacts of hysteresis and the diffusion of CO $$_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> in liquid phase on the migration and trapping of CO $$_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> plume are investigated. Inclusion of the hysteresis effect does not affect plume migration in this benchmark model, whereas diffusion plays an important role in promoting convective mixing. This work casts a promising approach to predict the migration of the CO $$_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> plume, and to assess the amount of trapping from different mechanisms for long-term CO $$_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> storage.
Acute and chronic anti-inflammatory properties of [2,2-dimethyl-6-(4- chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-yl]-acetic acid. (1995)

The carrageenan-induced paw oedema in the rat was chosen as the experimental model for acute antiphlogistic activity. ED50 values of 3 mg/kg p.o. for indometacin and of 17 mg/kg p.o. for [2,2-dimethyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-yl]-acetic acid (ML 3000) at calculated plasma levels (micrograms/ml) of approximately 5.0 and 20.0 were recorded for indometacin and ML 3000, respectively. The activity ratio of indometacin: ML 3000 is therefore about 1:6 with regard to the oral dose and about 1:4 with regard to the calculated plasma level. Indometacin is more potent than ML 3000 on the one hand, but on the other hand ML 3000 is better tolerated by the stomach in this experimental study: the ulcerogenic dose UD50 (indometacin) is 7 mg/kg p.o., whereas ML 3000 is tolerated well up to the highest tested dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. The adjuvant arthritis in the rat served as the model for chronic antiphlogistic activity. ML 3000 at doses of 20 mg/kg/d p.o. and higher, and indometacin at a dosage of 2 mg/kg/d p.o. produced a similar rate of reduction of the adjuvant-induced secondary lesions and paw swelling of the injected and uninjected paws, following prophylactic as well as therapeutic treatment with the compounds.
Simulations of Ge based optically controlled field effect transistors (2014)

We report on the simulation of Optically Controlled Field Effect Transistors (OCFET) based on a MOSFET with a Germanium gate. We study the static and dynamic characteristics of the device under near infrared light at 1.55 μm and investigate its operation as a digital inverter.
DARES: An Asynchronous Distributed Recommender System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Traditional Recommender Systems (RS) use central servers to collect user data, compute user profiles and train global recommendation models. Central computation of RS models has great results in performance because the models are trained using all the available information and the full user profiles. However, centralised RS require users to share their whole interaction history with the central server and in general are not scalable as the number of users and interactions increases. Central RSs also have a central point of attack with respect to user privacy, because all user profiles and interactions are stored centrally. In this work we propose DARES, an distributed recommender system algorithm that uses reinforcement learning and is based on the asynchronous advantage actor-critic model (A3C). DARES is developed combining the approaches of A3C and federated learning (FL) and allows users to keep their data locally on their own devices. The system architecture consists of (i) a local recommendation model trained locally on the user devices using their interaction and (ii) a global recommendation model that is trained on a central server using the model updates that are computed on the user devices. We evaluate the proposed algorithm using well-known datasets and we compare its performance against well-known state of the art algorithms. We show that although being distributed and asynchronous, it can achieve comparable and in many cases better performance than current state-of-the-art algorithms.
Persistence of 1,25D-induced hypercalciuria in alendronate-treated genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats fed a low-calcium diet (2014)

Genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats demonstrate increased intestinal Ca absorption, increased bone resorption, and reduced renal tubular Ca reabsorption leading to hypercalciuria and all form kidney stones. GHS have increased vitamin D receptors (VDR) at these sites of Ca transport. Injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D) leads to a greater increase in urine (u)Ca in GHS than in control Sprague-Dawley (SD), possibly due to the additional VDR. In GHS the increased uCa persists on a low-Ca diet (LCD) suggesting enhanced bone resorption. We tested the hypothesis that LCD, coupled to inhibition of bone resorption by alendronate (alen), would eliminate the enhanced 1,25D-induced hypercalciuria in GHS. SD and GHS were fed LCD and half were injected daily with 1,25D. After 8 days all were also given alen until euthanasia at day 16. At 8 days, 1,25D increased uCa in SD and to a greater extent in GHS. At 16 days, alen eliminated the 1,25D-induced increase in uCa in SD. However, in GHS alen decreased, but did not eliminate, the 1,25D-induced hypercalciuria, suggesting maximal alen cannot completely prevent the 1,25D-induced bone resorption in GHS, perhaps due to increased VDR. There was no consistent effect on mRNA expression of renal transcellular or paracellular Ca transporters. Urine CaP and CaOx supersaturation (SS) increased with 1,25D alone in both SD and GHS. Alen eliminated the increase in CaP SS in SD but not in GHS. If these results are confirmed in humans with IH, the use of bisphosphonates, such as alen, may not prevent the decreased bone density observed in these patients.
ANSI/ASHRAE standard 145.2 "Laboratory test method for assessing the performance of gas-phase air-cleaning systems: air-cleaning devices" (2011)

Titolo della serie: ASHRAE STANDARD ISSN: 1041-2336 Inserito nella categoria "Capitolo di libro" perchè il CINECA non lo ha ancora riconosciuto come rivista. Da verificare se ricade nella categoria ISI Like