gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarimetry of the Total Lunar Eclipse on 2022 November 8 (2022)

Abstract We have measured the degree of linear polarization of the Moon during its total eclipse on 2022 November 8, and found P ≈ −2% in the V filter. The plane of preferential polarization was oriented at ∼36° counting clockwise from the lunar equator. These measurements suggest global asymmetry in the spatial distribution of aerosol particles in the uppermost atmosphere of Earth, with their net linear polarization being P ≈ −6.5%.
Regulation of differentiation/maturation in vascular smooth muscle cells by hormones and growth factors (1997)

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) within atherosclerotic lesions show marked alterations in their differentiated properties as compared to normal medial SMC. This process of de-differentiation of SMC has been referred to as "phenotypic modulation", and is characterized by increased growth responsiveness, altered lipid metabolism, increased matrix production, and loss of contractile proteins, all of which can contribute to the development and/or progression of atherosclerotic disease. As such there has been much interest in understanding mechanisms and factors that control the differentiation of the vascular SMC. This paper reviews the effects of growth factors, growth inhibitors, and other extrinsic factors on differentiation/maturation of SMC, with a particular emphasis on consideration of factors that may contribute to abnormal control of SMC differentiation in vascular disease. In addition, we will briefly summarize what is currently known regarding molecular mechanisms that control the coordinate expression of genes encoding for SMC-selective/specific proteins that are required for the differentiated function of the vascular SMC.
Bivariate Probabilistic Modelling of Hydro-Mechanical Properties of Vegetated Soils (2017)

Abstract Vegetation retains soil suction, which significantly affects the shear strength characteristics of soil and slope stability. However, because of uncertainties (heterogeneous root distribution, spatial variability) associated with vegetated soil, probabilistic analysis on the hydro-mechanical properties of vegetated soil is a necessity. Moreover, mechanical (cohesion, c, angle of internal friction, ϕ) as well as hydrological properties (suction, ψ, water content, θw) are correlated in nature, and this has a significant effect on the reliability of geotechnical structures. However, these studies investigated the dependence structure of mechanical parameters only. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the dependence structure of both mechanical (c, ϕ) as well as hydrological (ψ, θw) parameters of homogeneously compacted vegetated soil on the basis of measured field data. This is done by using copula theory to map the copula density functions (copula probability distribution functions [PDFs]) of (c, ϕ) and (ψ, θw) to their respective marginal distributions (PDFs) in order to simulate their bivariate distributions. The novelty of this work further lies in analysis of time-dependent behavior of θw by generating its PDFs, utilizing the concept of average mutual information (AMI). Thus, the information attained in this study about the inherent behavior of hydro-mechanical parameters of soil can be further utilized to estimate the reliability of vegetated slopes under varying climatic conditions.
Dominant-Negative Hsp90 Reduces VEGF-Stimulated Nitric Oxide Release and Migration in Endothelial Cells (2007)

Our data demonstrate that dominant-negative Hsp90 modulates endothelial cell mobility mainly through PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of Akt and Rac activation.
Preclinical Optimization and Safety Studies of a New Lentiviral Gene Therapy for p47 <sup>phox</sup> -Deficient Chronic Granulomatous Disease (2021)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited blood disorder of phagocytic cells that renders patients susceptible to infections and inflammation. A recent clinical trial of lentiviral gene therapy for the most frequent form of CGD, X-linked, has demonstrated stable correction over time, with no adverse events related to the gene therapy procedure. We have recently developed a parallel lentiviral vector for p47<sup>phox</sup>-deficient CGD (p47<sup>phox</sup>CGD), the second most common form of this disease. Using this vector, we have observed biochemical correction of CGD in a mouse model of the disease. In preparation for clinical trial approval, we have performed standardized preclinical studies following Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) principles, to assess the safety of the gene therapy procedure. We report no evidence of adverse events, including mutagenesis and tumorigenesis, in human hematopoietic stem cells transduced with the lentiviral vector. Biodistribution studies of transduced human CD34<sup>+</sup> cells indicate that the homing properties or engraftment ability of the stem cells is not negatively affected. CD34<sup>+</sup> cells derived from a p47<sup>phox</sup>CGD patient were subjected to an optimized transduction protocol and transplanted into immunocompromised mice. After the procedure, patient-derived neutrophils resumed their function, suggesting that gene correction was successful. These studies pave the way to a first-in-man clinical trial of lentiviral gene therapy for the treatment of p47<sup>phox</sup>CGD.
Administration of 9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine (PMPA) for Prevention of Perinatal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques (1998)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of newborn macaques is a useful animal model to explore novel strategies to reduce perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The availability of two easily distinguishable virus isolates, SIVmac251 and the simian/human immunodeficiency virus chimera SHIV-SF33, allows tracing the source of infection following inoculation with both viruses by different routes. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of pre- and postinoculation treatment regimens with 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (PMPA) to protect newborn macaques against simultaneous oral SIVmac251 and intravenous SHIV-SF33 inoculation. Untreated newborns became persistently infected following virus inoculation. When three pregnant macaques were given a single subcutaneous dose of PMPA 2 hr before cesarean section, their newborns became SIV-infected following SIV and SHIV inoculation shortly after birth. In contrast, when four newborn macaques were inoculated simultaneously with SIV and SHIV, and started immediately on PMPA treatment for 2 weeks, only one animal became persistently SIV-infected; the remaining three PMPA-treated newborns, however, had some evidence of an initial transient virus infection but were seronegative and healthy at 8 months of age. Our data demonstrate that PMPA treatment can reduce perinatal SIV infection and suggest that similar strategies may also be effective against HIV.
LIGHTING AND SHADOW INTERPOLATION USING INTRINSIC LUMIGRAPHS (2004)

Densely-sampled image representations such as the light field or Lumigraph have been effective in enabling photorealistic image synthesis. Unfortunately, lighting interpolation with such representations has not been shown to be possible without the use of accurate 3D geometry and surface reflectance properties. In this paper, we propose an approach to image-based lighting interpolation that is based on estimates of geometry and shading from relatively few images. We decompose light fields captured at different lighting conditions into intrinsic images (reflectance and illumination images), and estimate view-dependent scene geometries using multi-view stereo. We call the resulting representation an Intrinsic Lumigraph. In the same way that the Lumigraph uses geometry to permit more accurate view interpolation, the Intrinsic Lumigraph uses both geometry and intrinsic images to allow high-quality interpolation at different views and lighting conditions. The joint use of geometry and intrinsic images is effective in computing shadow masks for shadow prediction at new lighting conditions. We illustrate our approach with images of real scenes.
Recent advancements in human language technology in Italy (2013)

This paper presents significant advancements in Human Language Technology fostered by Italian researchers in the last years. We report recent results in the following research directions: Distributional Semantics (i.e. the COMPOSES project), Multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation (the MultiJEDI project), Textual Semantic Inferences (the EXCITEMENT project), and Computer Assisted Translation (the MATECAT project). Key aspects that are common to such research initiatives include the fact that they are funded by the European Commission, under different grants, after having passed a very selective international competition; that they are led by Italian researchers, this way showing both the prominent role and the maturity of the Italian community on the international scene; and that they are currently running, indicating that the research topics of the projects are in the mainstream of Computational Linguistics.
Partial pathogen protection by tick-bite sensitization and epitope recognition in peptide-immunized HLA DR3 transgenic mice (2014)

Ticks are notorious vectors of disease for humans, and many species of ticks transmit multiple pathogens, sometimes in the same tick bite. Accordingly, a broad-spectrum vaccine that targets vector ticks and pathogen transmission at the tick/host interface, rather than multiple vaccines against every possible tickborne pathogen, could become an important tool for resolving an emerging public health crisis. The concept for such a tick protective vaccine comes from observations of an acquired tick resistance (ATR) that can develop in non-natural hosts of ticks following sensitization to tick salivary components. Mice are commonly used as models to study immune responses to human pathogens but normal mice are natural hosts for many species of ticks and fail to develop ATR. We evaluated HLA DR3 transgenic (tg) “humanized” mice as a potential model of ATR and assessed the possibility of using this animal model for tick protective vaccine discovery studies. Serial tick infestations with pathogen-free Ixodes scapularis ticks were used to tick-bite sensitize HLA DR3 tg mice. Sensitization resulted in a cytokine skew favoring a Th2 bias as well as partial (57%) protection to infection with Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) following infected tick challenge when compared to tick naïve counterparts. I. scapularis salivary gland homogenate (SGH) and a group of immunoinformatic-predicted T cell epitopes identified from the I. scapularis salivary transcriptome were used separately to vaccinate HLA DR3 tg mice, and these mice also were assessed for both pathogen protection and epitope recognition. Reduced pathogen transmission along with a Th2 skew resulted from SGH vaccination, while no significant protection and a possible T regulatory bias was seen in epitope-vaccinated mice. This study provides the first proof-of-concept for using HLA DR tg “humanized” mice for studying the potential tick protective effects of immunoinformatic- or otherwise-derived tick salivary components as tickborne disease vaccines.
Geothermal Thermoelectric Generation (G-TEG) with Integrated Temperature Driven Membrane Distillation and Novel Manganese Oxide for Lithium Extraction (2017)

Southern Research Institute (Southern) teamed with partners Novus Energy Technologies (Novus), Carus Corporation (Carus), and Applied Membrane Technology, Inc. (AMT) to develop an innovative Geothermal ThermoElectric Generation (G-TEG) system specially designed to both generate electricity and extract high-value lithium (Li) from low-temperature geothermal brines. The process combined five modular technologies including – silica removal, nanofiltration (NF), membrane distillation (MD), Mn-oxide sorbent for Li recovery, and TEG. This project provides a proof of concept for each of these technologies. The first step in the process is silica precipitation through metal addition and pH adjustment to prevent downstream scaling in membrane processes. Next, the geothermal brine is concentrated with the first of a two stage MD system. The first stage MD system is made of a high-temperature material to withstand geothermal brine temperatures up to 150C.° The first stage MD is integrated with a G-TEG module for simultaneous energy generation. The release of energy from the MD permeate drives heat transfer across the TE module, producing electricity. The first stage MD concentrate is then treated utilizing an NF system to remove Ca2+ and Mg2+. The NF concentrate will be disposed in the well by reinjection. The NF permeate undergoes concentration in a second stage of MD (polymeric material) to further concentrate Li in the NF permeate and enhance the efficiency of the downstream Li recovery process utilizing a Mn-oxide sorbent. Permeate from both the stages of the MD can be beneficially utilized as the permeates will contain less contaminants than the feed water. The concentrated geothermal brines are then contacted with the Mn-oxide sorbent. After Li from the geothermal brine is adsorbed on the sorbent, HCl is then utilized to regenerate the sorbent and recover the Li. The research and development project showed that the Si removal goal (>80%) could be achieved by increasing the pH of the brine and adding Fe3+ under several scenarios. The NF was also successful in achieving significant Ca2+ and Mg2+ removal (~80%) while retaining most Li in the permeate for high strength brines. MD experiments showed that geothermal brines could be significantly concentrated with little fouling due to pre-treatment.
P2‐074: Differences in the TREM2 levels in the CSF of Alzheimer's disease cases and controls (2015)

The recent discovery that heterozygous missense mutations in the gene encoding triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with only the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene allele conferring a higher risk, has led to increased interest in immune biology in the brain. TREM2 is expressed on microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and it has been linked to phagocytotic clearance of amyloid beta plaques. TREM2 has previously been measured in CSF by ELISA but conflicting results have been obtained, suggesting that other methods may be required. We examined CSF samples from memory clinics in Falköping, Sweden, and London, UK. For all samples the following data were available: clinical diagnosis, age, sex, and measurements of the CSF AD biomarkers Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-tau181p. The AD patients (n=34) all met IWG2 criteria. Control individuals (n=20) were all cognitively normal and had negative CSF AD biomarker results. Samples were dried down and tryptically digested before being analysed by tandem mass spectrometry using selected reaction monitoring for the presence of a unique TREM2 peptide, which can be used the quantify levels of soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) in CSF. Using a total of 34 AD samples and 20 controls we saw a significantly higher TREM2 level in AD CSF as compared to control CSF (AD 257.3 pg/ml ± 81.0, control 185.8 pg/ml ± 55.5)pg/ml ± 83.92, Control 184.22pg/ml ±54.8 p = 0.0022). There were no significant differences in TREM2 levels between males and females in either AD cases (p = 0.3568) or controls (p = 0.7934). There were no significant correlations between TREM2 and Aβ1-42, T-tau or P-tau181p in either AD cases or controls. This data shows that in our well characterised AD cases, CSF levels of TREM2 are higher, suggesting an increased, but ineffective inflammatory response. Further studies and validation on a new cohort are currently in progress.
Quantifying Deep Vadose Zone Soil Water Potential Changes At A Waste Disposal Site (2007)

This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint should not be cited or reproduced without permission of the author. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party’s use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the United States Government or the sponsoring agency.
Energy Efficient and Throughput Optimal CSMA Scheme (2017)

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is widely used as a Medium Access Control (MAC) in wireless networks due to its simplicity and distributed nature. This motivated researchers to find CSMA schemes that achieve throughput optimality. In 2008, it has been shown that a simple CSMA-type algorithm is able to achieve optimality in terms of throughput and has been given the name "adaptive" CSMA. Lately, new technologies emerged where prolonged battery life is crucial such as environment and industrial monitoring. This inspired the foundation of new CSMA based MAC schemes where links are allowed to transition into sleep mode to reduce the power consumption. However, throughput optimality of these schemes was not established. This paper therefore aims to find a new CSMA scheme that combines both throughput optimality and energy efficiency by adapting to the throughput and power consumption needs of each link. This is done by controlling operational parameters such as back-off and sleeping timers with the aim of optimizing a certain objective function. The resulting CSMA scheme is characterized by being asynchronous, completely distributed and being able to adapt to different power consumption profiles required by each link while still ensuring throughput optimality. The performance gain in terms of energy efficiency compared to the conventional adaptive CSMA scheme is demonstrated through computer simulations.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Ethyl 5‐Oxazoleacetates. (1990)

Abstract The α‐(acylamino)carboxylic acids (I) are coupled with ethyl lithioacetate to form the γ‐acylamino β‐keto esters (III).
Tunable work function of a WOx buffer layer for enhanced photocarrier collection of <i>pin</i>-type amorphous silicon solar cells (2011)

An in situ postdeposition ultraviolet treatment was proposed to improve the electrical properties of a tungsten oxide (WOx) buffer layer of pin-type amorphous silicon-based solar cell. Based on the x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and the activation energy measurements, it was found that the work function of WOx is tunable by ultraviolet light treatment, and the collection performance of solar cells incorporating WOx with the lower work function is further improved. Moreover, the optimal band alignment scheme for a window layer is discussed in terms of obtaining enhanced carrier collection without open circuit voltage degradation.
Distinct spatio‐temporal expression of ABCA and ABCG transporters in the developing and adult mouse brain (2005)

Using in situ hybridization for the mouse brain, we analyzed developmental changes in gene expression for the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamilies ABCA1-4 and 7, and ABCG1, 2, 4, 5 and 8. In the embryonic brains, ABCA1 and A7 were highly expressed in the ventricular (or germinal) zone, whereas ABCA2, A3 and G4 were enriched in the mantle (or differentiating) zone. At the postnatal stages, ABCA1 was detected in both the gray and white matter and in the choroid plexus. On the other hand, ABCA2, A3 and A7 were distributed in the gray matter. In addition, marked up-regulation of ABCA2 occurred in the white matter at 14 days-of-age when various myelin protein genes are known to be up-regulated. In marked contrast, ABCA4 was selective to the choroid plexus throughout development. ABCG1 was expressed in both the gray and white matters, whereas ABCG4 was confined to the gray matter. ABCG2 was diffusely and weakly detected throughout the brain at all stages examined. Immunohistochemistry of ABCG2 showed its preferential expression on the luminal membrane of brain capillaries. Expression signals for ABCG5 and G8 were barely detected at any stages. The distinct spatio-temporal expressions of individual ABCA and G transporters may reflect their distinct cellular expressions in the developing and adult brains, presumably, to regulate and maintain lipid homeostasis in the brain.
Ontogeny of responses of rabbit aorta to atrial natriuretic factor and isoproterenol. (1991)

Ontogeny of the vasorelaxant effects of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and isoprenaline and of the vasoconstrictor effects of potassium and phenylephrine were studied on aortic strips from rabbits aged 1, 2, 3, 6, 10 and 32-48 (adult) weeks. ANF caused complete relaxation of phenylephrine- and potassium-contracted aortic strips from all age groups of rabbits and its potency was not altered by age and by the agent used to cause contractions. On the other hand, the vasorelaxant efficacy and potency of isoproterenol decreased with age. Also, isoprenaline was less potent and efficacious on aortic strips contracted with potassium than on strips contracted with phenylephrine. The sensitivity of aorta to phenylephrine increased after 2 weeks of age, but that to potassium remained the same at all ages. In conclusion, our data indicate that the vasorelaxant effects of ANF and the vasoconstrictor effects of potassium on rabbit aorta are not altered by age whereas the sensitivity of the vascular smooth muscle to isoproterenol decreases and that to phenylephrine increases with maturation.
A Supramolecular Strategy toward an Efficient and Selective Capture of Platinum(II) Complexes (2019)

Recovering heavy and precious metals from wastewater is both economically and environmentally attractive. However, a challenge still remains in how to realize the highly selective removal and recovery of a particular metal of interest, such as platinum. Here we experimentally demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular polymer that can serve as a host for the highly selective capture of anionic platinum(II) (Pt<sup>II</sup>) species including its metal-organic complexes and water-soluble ions. This host polymer possesses a 2D honeycomb-like nanostructure noncovalently bridged by cationic alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine dimers. Anionic Pt<sup>II</sup> guests readily bind to the dimeric Pt<sup>II</sup> building blocks of the internal cavities via electrostatic and specific Pt<sup>II</sup>···Pt<sup>II</sup> interactions. Such unique host-guest interactions have endowed thin membranes comprising highly oriented supramolecular polymers with a versatile ability to selectively recognize and adsorb anionic Pt<sup>II</sup> species over other metal ions in water upon simple filtration.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Phenyl‐, 3‐Phenyl‐, cis‐2,3‐Diphenyl‐, and trans‐2,3‐ Diphenyl‐1,4‐thiazanes and Derivatives (N‐Methyl, N‐Alkoxycarbonyl, S‐ Oxides, and S,S‐Dioxides). (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.