gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Cu<sub>15</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(PET)<sub>13</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>: a Copper Nanocluster with Crystallization Enhanced Photoluminescence (2021)

Due to their atomically precise structure, photoluminescent copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have emerged as promising materials in both fundamental studies and technological applications, such as bio-imaging, cell labeling, phototherapy, and photo-activated catalysis. In this work, a facile strategy is reported for the synthesis of a novel Cu NCs coprotected by thiolate and phosphine ligands, formulated as [Cu<sub>15</sub> (PPh<sub>3</sub> )<sub>6</sub> (PET)<sub>13</sub> ]<sup>2+</sup> , which exhibits bright emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region (≈720 nm) and crystallization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE) phenomenon. Single crystal X-ray crystallography shows that the NC possesses an extraordinary distorted trigonal antiprismatic Cu<sub>6</sub> core and a, unique among metal clusters, "tri-blade fan"-like structure. An in-depth structural investigation of the ligand shell combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that the extended CH···π and π-π intermolecular ligand interactions significantly restrict the intramolecular rotations and vibrations and, thus, are a major reason for the CIEE phenomena. This study provides a strategy for the controllable synthesis of structurally defined Cu NCs with NIR luminescence, which enables essential insights into the origins of their optical properties.
Numerical estimation of a 10 nanosecond pulse effects on non-uniformly distributed liposomes (2017)

Nano-systems, often used in biomedical applications for the treatment of a broad category of illnesses, represent one of the nanomedicine approaches recently proposed to target specific drugs only in the region where the disease has been developed. Recently the use of this technique has been proposed with electropulsation, hence taking advantage of the enhanced permeabilization of the cell membrane and simultaneously control the release of the encapsulated drug by the nano-system. In this work, we focus our attention on the study of liposomes nano-systems controlled by the nanosecond pulses electric fields through a microdosimetric approach. The aim is to analyse the electric field necessary to porate a non-uniform distribution of 400 nm liposomes. The work has been carried out by randomly placing 30 liposomes between two electrodes with the application of a 10 nano-second electric field pulse.
Intestine, Bone, and Mammary Gland Contributions to Maternal Plasma Calcium Increase after Abrupt Weaning (1992)

The response of maternal plasma calcium concentration to the abrupt and permanent removal of the suckling pups on Day 13 of lactation was investigated. Maternal plasma calcium did not change at 6 hr or 12 hr following pup removal. At 18 hr and 24 hr after weaning, the maternal plasma calcium concentration increased in mothers consuming either 0.47% calcium or 0.02% calcium diets. At 24 hr after weaning, the plasma calcium increase in mothers consuming low dietary calcium was 55% that of mothers consuming adequate dietary calcium. The contribution of the mammary gland to the plasma calcium increase in rats consuming the low dietary calcium was investigated by removing the mammary glands. Following mammary gland removal, plasma calcium increased 50% compared with mothers that had intact mammary glands. The data suggest that intestinal absorption of calcium and bone calcium mobilization remain stimulated by the lactation process for at least 24 hr after removal of the nursing pups.
Hairpin-like siRNA-Based Spherical Nucleic Acids (2022)

The therapeutic use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as gene regulation agents has been limited by their poor stability and delivery. Although arranging siRNAs into a spherical nucleic acid (SNA) architecture to form siRNA-SNAs increases their stability and uptake, prototypical siRNA-SNAs consist of a hybridized architecture that causes guide strand dissociation from passenger strands, which limits the delivery of active siRNA duplexes. In this study, a new SNA design that directly attaches both siRNA strands to the SNA core through a single hairpin-shaped molecule to prevent guide strand dissociation is introduced and investigated. This hairpin-like architecture increases the number of siRNA duplexes that can be loaded onto an SNA by 4-fold compared to the original hybridized siRNA-SNA architecture. As a result, the hairpin-like siRNA-SNAs exhibit a 6-fold longer half-life in serum and decreased cytotoxicity. In addition, the hairpin-like siRNA-SNA produces more durable gene knockdown than the hybridized siRNA-SNA. This study shows how the chemistry used to immobilize siRNA on nanoparticles can markedly enhance biological function, and it establishes the hairpin-like architecture as a next-generation SNA construct that will be useful in life science and medical research.
EPWM-OFDM Signal Transmission against Nonlinearities of E/O Converters in Radio over Fiber Channel (2014)

Radio over Fiber (RoF) is a promising technology that is suitable for broadband wireless access systems to cover in-building areas and outdoor dead-spots. However, one issue in RoF transmission that should be considered is the nonlinear distortion caused by Electrical/Optical (E/O) converters. Multicarrier RF (Radio Frequency) signal formats such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which are commonly employed in broadband wireless communications, are weak against nonlinearities. To enable the linear transmission of OFDM signal in RoF channel, we propose to employ the Envelop Pulse Width Modulation (EPWM) transmission scheme for RoF channel. Two commonly used E/O converters, Mach-Zehnder modulator and direct-modulation of Distributed Feedback Laser Diode (DFB LD), are employed to validate the proposal. Based on the measured nonlinearities of the E/O converters, they are mathematically modeled and their transmission performance are analyzed. A modified Rapp model is developed for the modeling of the DFB LD. Through simulations and experiments, the proposed scheme is shown to be effective in dealing with the nonlinearities of the E/O converters.
Comparison of Blast Furnace Raceway Size with Theory (2006)

A previously developed one-dimensional mathematical model, to explain raceway hysteresis, is used to predict the raceway diameter in operating blast furnaces and hot models. Raceway size obtained from the open literature under various conditions for various blast furnaces are compared with computed predictions. In addition the predictions are also compared with published outcomes from other hot models. Simulated results on raceway diameter are in very good agreement with published operating blast furnace and hot model data. The effect of various parameters such as tuyere and hearth diameter, coke size and density, void fraction and bed height on raceway diameter has been studied.
Mössbauer spectra of ferrofluids characterized using a many state relaxation model for superparamagnets (2000)

Using a many-state relaxation formalism and combining it with an accurate expression for the relaxation time of single-domain ferromagnetic particles and a log-normal size distribution we are able to fit Mössbauer spectra which span temperatures from where a pure hyperfine field distribution is present to where a single broad line occurs due to high relaxation rates. With this model, we have fitted the Mössbauer spectra of two Fe3O4 ferrofluids, from 12 to 180 K. Fits to the ferrofluid with a mean particle size of 4.5 nm yield an anisotropy energy (K) of 3.0±0.1×104 J/m3 with the onset of magnetic relaxation at 30±5 K while data for a mean particle size of 6.0 nm give K=2.4±0.2×104 J/m3 with magnetic relaxation starting at 55±5 K. These blocking temperatures agree with those extrapolated from frequency dependent χac data.
Genome Sequencing and Assembly (2015)

In chapter 4, we reviewed the background and history of genome sequencing and assembly. In this chapter, we will focus more on the technical and experimental issues. In science, the term “whole genome sequencing and assembly” is often used interchangeably with “genome sequencing and assembly”, “genome sequencing” and “genome assembly”, because genome assembly normally refers to the assembly of an entire genome and genome sequencing is normally followed by assembling sequence reads to produce a complete set of chromosomal sequences for the genome of interest. For convenience, genome assembly and genome sequencing are preferred and will be used more often than the others throughout our discussion. Since whole genome sequencing and assembly is a complicate process, involving multiple alternatives and methodologies, it is not possible to cover every detail. We will go through some concepts and NGS-associated procedures so that readers can get some idea of how the genome assembly is achieved. Serious readers are recommended to consult previous reports published by sequencing laboratories.
Synergistic Bimetallic Metallic Organic Framework-Derived Pt–Co Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts (2020)

The rational design of Pt-based electrocatalysts is of paramount importance for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Pt-Co alloys and nitrogen-doped carbons have been shown to be effective in enhancing the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we reported on two kinds of Pt-Co electrocatalysts, PtCo ordered intermetallic and PtCo<sub>2</sub> disordered alloys, supported on bimetallic MOF-derived N-doped carbon. The synergistic interaction between Pt-Co nanoparticles and Co-N-C enhanced the overall ORR activity and maintained the integrity of both structures and their electrochemical properties during long-term stability testing. The optimal activity for both PtCo and PtCo<sub>2</sub> occurred after 20 000 potential cycles. The enhanced performance of PtCo was ascribed to the formation of a two-atomic-layer Pt-rich shell and the lattice strain caused by the core-shell PtCo@Pt structure. The increased activity of PtCo<sub>2</sub> was ascribed to the formation of large, spongy, and small solid nanoparticles during electrochemical dealloying and thus the exposure of more Pt sites on the surface. The strategy described herein advances our understanding of the structure-activity relationship in electrocatalysis and sheds light on the future development of more active and durable ORR electrocatalysts.
Angular speckle correlations and speckle removal in multimode fiber laser delivery (1996)

Summary form only given. Laser beam delivery via relatively short lengths of multimode fiber is common in remote sensing, imaging, surgery, and plasma physics. If the bandwidth of the laser in use is narrower than the coherence bandwidth of the fiber, a speckle pattern will emerge from the end of the fiber. We describe here the long-range correlations between these speckle spots, and a method to remove this speckle by modulating the launch angle into the fiber in time.
Dry textile electrode for ambulatory monitoring after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A pilot study of simultaneous comparison to the Holter electrocardiogram (2022)

<b>Background</b>: Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for ambulatory monitoring of atrial fibrillation (AF) but it is insufficient because of its limited recording time. Although several consumer ECG devices provide longer recording time, they generally do not undergo the regulatory process for medical use. Furthermore, current medical-grade devices for longer ECG monitoring are not continuous or too invasive for AF monitoring. A wearable ECG with a medical-grade dry textile electrode is a promising technology to remedy this limitation. This pilot study aimed to simultaneously compare the wearable and Holter ECGs for ambulatory monitoring in a clinical setting. <b>Methods:</b> This prospective observational study enrolled 18 patients who underwent AF ablation. One day after AF ablation, ambulatory ECG was obtained for three hours simultaneously using both the wearable and Holter ECG devices. Automatic ECG interpretations between devices were compared with correlation and agreement analyses. <b>Results:</b> Simultaneous ECG monitoring demonstrated a comparable analysis time and total heart beats between the two devices. Almost complete correlation and agreement were also demonstrated in all clinically relevant testing aspects except in R-wave amplitude (r = 0.743, p < .001). AF was detected in three patients. AF duration was the same in both ECG devices in two patients with continuous AF. In the remaining patient with intermittent AF, AF duration was shortened by 0.6% with the wearable ECG as compared to that with the Holter ECG. <b>Conclusions:</b> Simultaneous ECG comparison revealed a high consistency between the wearable and Holter ECG devices. The results of this study warrant further clinical studies for long-term monitoring of ambulatory ECG after AF ablation.
Thromboembolic Events in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Results from the ESC EORP PPCM Registry (2023)

No abstract available.
Numerical modelling and analysis for offshore pipeline design, installation, and operation (2012)

� � � ❖ ❖ ❖ In this paper, numerical modelling and analysis of offshore pipelines is reviewed and discussed. Finite-element techniques to assist in pipeline design are introduced, and applied to pipeline routeing optimization. Special emphasis is devoted to out-of-straightness and on-bottom stress analysis. Contact algorithms allowing the simulation of pipelaying on an uneven seabed (using bathymetry) are reviewed, and recent developments in modelling of pipe-soil interaction are highlighted. The importance of free-span detection and evaluation is stressed. In addition, it is shown how finite-element analysis can contribute to the prediction and mitigation of both upheaval and lateral buckling of subsea pipes. At the end of this paper, pipeline walking on an inclined seabed is simulated, and the importance of seabed friction on the walking rate is demonstrated.
Spraakontwikkeling in het eerste levensjaar (2014)

Wie gaat er niet vanuit dat iedere gezonde baby vroeg of laat vanzelf wel leert praten? In het algemeen kunnen peuters van nauwelijks een jaar oud al allerlei simpele mededelingen en opdrachten begrijpen, en vaak weten ze zelf ook al een paar woordjes te produceren.
Smart Structures: Recent Developments withinAeronautics Applications (Invited Review) (2016)

Smart structures influence the elastomechanical behaviour in a wanted way by optimally integrated actuators and sensors to realize morphing, active vibration reduction, active structural acoustic control and structural health monitoring. Especially in aeronautics large progress can be observed, meaning that the lab stage has been passed and high TRL levels are reached. Challenges for harsh environmental conditions involving lightning strike, bird impact and icing, just to name a few, have to be overcome. Also integrational aspects of actuators and sensors play a major role to realize lightweight and producible smart structure like morphing droop noses, actively twisted rotor blades, smart linings or CFRP fuselages with integrated structural health monitoring. This review gives an overview of some recent applications within aeronautics which involve full-scale demonstration and wind tunnel testing of smart structures as well as an outlook for further developments.
Bromate Ion Removal by Electric-Arc Discharge and High-Energy Electron Beam Processes (1996)

Proposed drinking water regulations in the U.S. will specify a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.01 mg/L for bromate ion (BrO3-). The work reported herein involves removing BrO3- after its formation using electric arc discharge and high energy electron beam (HEEB) process, when other removal and minimization strategies are not effective. The electric arc discharge method destroyed 12-45% bromate for doses ranging from 130-1300 mW-s/cm2 and a dose of 100 krads was sufficient to reduce 70% of BrO3- from an initial concentration of 100 μg/L using HEEB process in NOM-free water. The addition of hydrogen gas and the removal of dissolved oxygen enhanced BrO3- removal during electric arc discharge. During HEEB process the presence of electron scavengers such as hydrogen peroxide and nitrate significantly reduced BrO3- removal whereas the addition of OH radical scavenger such as t -butanol did not affect the removal of BrO3- indicating that aqueous electrons (eaq-)
Functional Characterization of Leucine‐Rich Repeat Containing 8 A (LRRC8A) Homomeric Channel (2019)

Regulation of cell volume in response to osmotic perturbations is an essential cellular process. The volume‐regulated anion channel (VRAC) is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate cells and mediates the swelling‐induced release of chloride and organic solutes. VRAC is encoded by LRRC8 gene family members, LRRC8A‐E . VRAC is a heteromeric channel comprising an essential LRRC8A subunit plus at least one other LRRC8 member. Several high‐resolution cryo‐EM structures of the LRRC8A homomeric channel have recently been published. However, until now, the detailed functional and regulatory properties of the LRRC8A homomeric channel have not yet been characterized. Here, we show that HCT116 cells in which all five Lrrc8 genes have been knocked out produce a small whole‐cell current (~20 pA/pF at +100 mV) when transfected with a plasmid encoding human LRRC8A. In striking contrast to the heteromeric VRAC current, the LRRC8A current is not activated by cell swelling or inhibited by cell shrinkage. However, when cells are patch clamped with an intracellular solution of low ionic strength, the current exhibits slow and modest activation, and is dramatically activated by cell swelling. The degree of swelling‐induced LRRC8A current activation is directly and dose‐dependently related to intracellular ionic strength. Consistent with the heteromeric VRAC current, swelling‐induced activation of LRRC8A current is prevented by removing intracellular ATP. We are currently evaluating the anion selectivity and pharmacological properties of LRRC8A. Our studies provide important new insights into the functional and regulatory properties of the LRRC8A homomeric channels. Support or Funding Information This work was funded by National Institutes of Health grant R01DK051610 to K.S. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
The cytoprotective role of autophagy in puromycin aminonucleoside treated human podocytes (2013)

Autophagy is a ubiquitous catabolic process involving degradation of damaged organelles and protein aggregates. It shows cytoprotective effects in many cell types and helps to maintain cell homeostasis. In many glomerular diseases, podocyte damage leads to the disruption of the renal filtration barrier and subsequent proteinuria. Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) which induces podocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo is widely used for studying the pathophysiology of glomerular diseases. It has been shown that PAN induces autophagy in podocytes. However, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in PAN treated human podocytes is not known and the role of PAN-induced autophagy in podocyte survival remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that PAN induced autophagy in human podocytes prior to apoptosis which was featured with the activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). When the PAN-induced autophagy was inhibited by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ), podocyte apoptosis increased significantly along with the elevation of active caspase-3. Under such circumstance, the podocyte cytoskeleton was also disrupted. Collectively, our results suggested that the induced autophagy may be an early adaptive cytoprotective mechanism for podocyte survival after PAN treatment.
Estimating nonaqueous phase liquid spatial variability using partitioning tracer higher temporal moments (2003)

The use of interwell partitioning tracers to quantify the amount of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in porous media has been demonstrated in several laboratory and field tests. The primary emphasis of work to date has been on the use of first temporal moments of tracer breakthrough curve (BTC) data to estimate the average NAPL saturation. Here we extend the data analysis to the use of tracer BTC second and third temporal moments to estimate the statistical parameters characterizing the NAPL spatial distribution. In particular, we examine the fraction f of the streamlines that contain NAPL and the mean and standard deviation of the distribution of streamline trajectory‐average NAPL saturations. Two models are presented based on discretizing tracer swept volumes into contaminated and uncontaminated zones. The models are applied to data from three‐dimensional numerical simulations, two‐dimensional flow laboratory experiments, and field tests at two sites (Hill Air Force Base, Utah, and a dry cleaner in Jacksonville, Florida). For all cases considered here, good agreement was found between expected (measured) and estimated values of f , the fraction of the tracer swept zone that contained NAPL. The effects of nonlinear and nonequilibrium partitioning as well as correlations between NAPL saturation and saturated hydraulic conductivity are also considered.
The Same Drug but a Different Mechanism of Action:  Comparison of Free Doxorubicin with Two Different <i>N</i>-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymer-Bound Doxorubicin Conjugates in EL-4 Cancer Cell Line (2007)

Doxorubicin is one of the most potent anti-tumor drugs with a broad spectrum of use. To reduce its toxic effect and improve its pharmacokinetics, we conjugated it to an HPMA copolymer carrier that enhances its passive accumulation within solid tumors via the EPR effect and decreases its cytotoxicity to normal, noncancer cells. In this study, we compared the antiproliferative, pro-survival, and death signals triggered in EL-4 cancer cells exposed to free doxorubicin and doxorubicin conjugated to a HPMA copolymer carrier via either enzymatically (PK1) or hydrolytically (HYD) degradable bonds. We have previously shown that the intracellular distribution of free doxorubicin, HYD, and PK1 is markedly different. Here, we demonstrated that these three agents greatly differ also in the antiproliferative effect and cell death signals they trigger. JNK phosphorylation sharply increased in cells treated with HYD, while treatment with free doxorubicin moderately decreased and treatment with PK1 even strongly decreased it. On the other hand, treatment with free doxorubicin greatly increased p38 phosphorylation, while PK1 and HYD increased it slightly. PK1 also significantly increased ERK phosphorylation, while both the free doxorubicin and HYD conjugate slightly decreased it. Long-term inhibition of JNK significantly increased both proliferation and viability of EL-4 cells treated with free doxorubicin, showing that the JNK signaling pathway could be critical for mediating cell death in EL-4 cells exposed to free doxorubicin. Both activation of caspase 3 and decreased binding activity of the p50 subunit of NFκB were observed in cells treated with free doxorubicin and HYD, while no such effects were seen in cells incubated with PK1. Analysis of the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle demonstrated that free doxorubicin and HYD have very similar mechanisms of action, while PK1 has very different characteristics.