gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal time-domain detection of a deterministic target buried under a randomly rough interface (2001)

We consider pulsed plane-wave scattering from targets buried under a rough air-ground interface. The properties of the interface are parametrized as a random process with known statistics, and therefore the fields scattered from a particular surface constitute one realization of an ensemble, characterized by corresponding statistics. Moreover, since the fields incident upon a buried target must first penetrate the rough interface, they and the subsequent scattered fields are random processes as well. Based on this understanding, an optimal detector is formulated, accounting for the clutter and target-signature statistics (the former due to scattering at the rough surface, and the latter due to transmission); the statistics of these two processes are in general different. The detector performance is compared to that of a matched filter, which assumes the target signature is known exactly (i.e., nonrandom). The results presented here, as a function of angle and polarization, demonstrate that there is often a significant gain in detector performance if the target signature is properly treated as a random process.
Simulations and experiments of the growth of the “tent” perturbation in NIF ignition implosions (2016)

Abstract not provided
&lt;title&gt;Wavelet and subband coding of images: a comparative study&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

In this paper we evaluate the performance of subband/wavelet coders for image compression. The objective is to determine any possible connection between the suitability of the used FIR filters and their regularity index. First, we discuss the tool of (orthogonal and biorthogonal) multiresolution analysis. Then we investigate its relation to subband coding techniques. We show that dyadic multiresolution analysis is basically the same as octave band subband coding, except for the additional regularity requirement on the used filters. We cite techniques for calculating the regularity of arbitrary FIR subband filters. In the experimental part, we compare the performance of image coders employing several `classical' subband filters and `true' wavelet filters. We find that the regularity order of a filter and its performance are not strongly correlated and that the regularity of a filter can not be used as a selection criterion for the choice of filters in image coding applications.
Development of interatomic potential for Al–Tb alloys using a deep neural network learning method (2020)

The developed deep neural network (DNN) potential can describe the structural properties of the Al<sub>90</sub>Tb<sub>10</sub> liquid and the formation energies of Al–Tb crystals with the accuracy of <italic>ab initio</italic> calculations.
Satellite Features for the Classification of Visually Similar Classes (2006)

We show that the discrimination between visually similar classes often depends on the detection of socalled ‘satellite features’. These are local features which are not informative by themselves, and can only be detected reliably at locations specified relative to other features. This makes satellite features difficult to extract by current classification methods. We describe a novel scheme which can extract discriminative satellite features and use them to distinguish between visually similar classes. The algorithm first searches for a set of features ("anchor features") that can be found in all the similar classes. Such features can be detected because the classes are visually similar. The anchors are used to determine the locations of satellite features, which are extracted during learning and used in classification to distinguish between the similar classes. The algorithm is fully automatic, and is shown to work well for many categories of visually similar classes.
Physiological Fever Temperature Induces a Protective Stress Response in T Lymphocytes Mediated by Heat Shock Factor-1 (HSF1) (2007)

Heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) is a transcription factor that serves as the major temperature-inducible sensor for eukaryotic cells. In most cell types, HSF1 becomes activated to the DNA binding form at 42 degrees C and mediates the classical heat shock response, protecting the cells from subsequent lethal temperatures. We have recently demonstrated that HSF1 is activated at a lower temperature in T lymphocytes than in most other cell types (39 degrees C vs 42 degrees C), within the physiological range of fever. In this study, we show that T cell activation at fever temperatures not only activates HSF1 but induces the up-regulation of the HSF1 protein and the HSF1-regulated protein, HSP70i. T cells from HSF1 knockout mice proliferate normally under optimal conditions but are impaired in proliferation at physiological fever temperatures and low CO2 concentrations, conditions that do not impair wild-type T cells. This defect in proliferation appears to be mediated by a block in the G1/S transition of the cell cycle and is independent of HSP70. Elevated temperature and low CO2 concentrations resulted in a dramatic reduction of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in both normal and knockout T cells. Wild-type T cells were able to restore ROS levels to normal within 5 h, whereas HSF1-/- T cells were not. These results suggest that the proliferation defect seen in T cells from HSF1-/- mice at fever temperatures was because of dysregulated ROS levels and that HSF1 is important in maintaining ROS homeostasis and cell cycle progression under the stressful conditions encountered during fever.
Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin for Treatment of Patients With Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma (2005)

These data suggest L-OHP is a highly active agent for treatment of MALT lymphoma. However, a longer follow-up is needed to judge whether these remissions are durable.
Partial Benzoylation of L-Rhamnono and D-Mannono-1,4-Lactone (1983)

Abstract Partial benzoylation of l-rhamnono-l,4-lactone (1) gave 2,5-di-O-benzoyl-l-rhamnono-1,4-lactone (2) as the main product. In similar conditions, d-mannono-l,4-lactone (3) gave preferentially 2,5,6-tri-O-benzoyl-d-mannono-l,4-lactone (4). 2,3,5,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl- (5) and 3,6-di-O-benzoyl-d-mannono-1,4-lactone (6) were isolated in low yield from the reaction mixture. The structures of the partially benzoylated compounds 2, 4 and 6 were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data.
Repair of critical size defects in the rat cranium using ceramic‐reinforced PLA scaffolds obtained by supercritical gas foaming (2007)

Bioresorbable scaffolds made of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) obtained by supercritical gas foaming were recently described as suitable for tissue engineering, portraying biocompatibility with primary osteoblasts in vitro and interesting mechanical properties when reinforced with ceramics. The behavior of such constructs remained to be evaluated in vivo and therefore the present study was undertaken to compare different PLA/ceramic composite scaffolds obtained by supercritical gas foaming in a critical size defect craniotomy model in Sprague-Dawley rats. The host-tissue reaction to the implants was evaluated semiquantitatively and similar tendencies were noted for all graft substitutes: initially highly reactive but decreasing with time implanted. Complete bone-bridging was observed 18 weeks after implantation with PLA/ 5 wt % beta-TCP (PLA/TCP) and PLA/5 wt % HA (PLA/HA) scaffolds as assessed by histology and radiography. We show here for the first time that this solvent-free technique provides a promising approach in tissue engineering demonstrating both the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of the processed structures in vivo.
Thermodynamics, statistical thermodynamics, and computer simulation of crystals with vacancies and interstitials (1992)

Molecular-dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations of fluids and of crystals are typically performed using periodic boundary conditions and small numbers of particles, i.e., small compared with Avogadro's number. For fluids, if the dimensions of the simulated system are large enough compared with the correlation length of the material, the simulation can provide intensive thermodynamic properties that are very close to those for the thermodynamic limit of large system size. For crystals, however, the periodic boundary conditions and the crystal structure impose a constraint that makes it impossible, in practice, for the system to develop an equilibrium concentration of vacancies. The effect of this constraint must be taken into account when inferring thermodynamic properties from the results of computer simulations of crystals. We develop the thermodynamic and statistical thermodynamic theory of a crystal subject to such a constraint. The results include a set of stability conditions that must be satisfied and a criterion for equilibrium. We also describe a method for calculating the equilibrium concentration of vacancies in a crystal from computer simulations.
Bone tissue composition: biochemical anatomy of bone. (1994)

Bone is chemically built up as a mineralized matrix which comprises collagen and a small amount of noncollagenous proteins. This paper points out some useful methods to evaluate the bone composition. Demineralizing extraction of bone powder with EDTA allows the determination of matrix size and degree of extractability. These parameters vary with bone type, anatomical site of the bone, disease, species, and drug treatment. The study of bone particles in situ can be done by separation of bone powder according to their density. A shift of the bone particles to higher density fractions reflects an increased amount of older, more mineralized osteons in the bone with its consequences on the mechanical competence of the bone. Quantity and quality of bone matrix mineralization are related to bone cell activity which can be studied indirectly by further exploration of the composition of the bone matrix. Many noncollagenous proteins are buried in the extracellular bone matrix from where they can be released when bone is resorbed. These proteins can then act on bone cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Altered concentrations of noncollagenous proteins in bone matrix are described in three pathological conditions associated with changes in other bone properties: osteoarthritis, osteopenia, and osteogenesis imperfecta. The functional significance and origin of these changes will have to be subjected to further study.
Heart rate informed artificial pancreas system enhances glycemic control during exercise in adolescents with T1D (2016)

Heart rate signals can safely and efficaciously be integrated in a wireless AP system to inform of physical activity. While exercise contributes to hypoglycemia among adolescents, even when using an AP system, informing the system of exercise via a HR monitor improved time <70 mg dL <sup>-1</sup> . Nonetheless, it did not significantly reduce the total number of hypoglycemic events, which were low in both groups.
On the detection of low rank matrices in the high-dimensional regime (2018)

We address the detection of a low rank n×n matrix X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> from the noisy observation X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> +Z when n → ∞, where Z is a complex Gaussian random matrix with independent identically distributed ℕ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> (0, [1/n]) entries. Thanks to large random matrix theory results, it is now well-known that if the largest singular value λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> (X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) of X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> verifies λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> (X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) > 1, then it is possible to exhibit consistent tests. In this contribution, we prove a contrario that under the condition λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> (X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) <; 1, there are no consistent tests. Our proof is inspired by previous works devoted to the case of rank 1 matrices X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> .
Efficient fully 3D list-mode TOF PET image reconstruction using a factorized system matrix with an image domain resolution model (2014)

A factorized system matrix utilizing an image domain resolution model is attractive in fully 3D time-of-flight PET image reconstruction using list-mode data. In this paper, we study a factored model based on sparse matrix factorization that is comprised primarily of a simplified geometrical projection matrix and an image blurring matrix. Beside the commonly-used Siddon's ray-tracer, we propose another more simplified geometrical projector based on the Bresenham's ray-tracer which further reduces the computational cost. We discuss in general how to obtain an image blurring matrix associated with a geometrical projector, and provide theoretical analysis that can be used to inspect the efficiency in model factorization. In simulation studies, we investigate the performance of the proposed sparse factorization model in terms of spatial resolution, noise properties and computational cost. The quantitative results reveal that the factorization model can be as efficient as a non-factored model, while its computational cost can be much lower. In addition we conduct Monte Carlo simulations to identify the conditions under which the image resolution model can become more efficient in terms of image contrast recovery. We verify our observations using the provided theoretical analysis. The result offers a general guide to achieve the optimal reconstruction performance based on a sparse factorization model with an image domain resolution model.
<i>TERT</i> Promoter Mutations Enhance Telomerase Activation by Long-Range Chromatin Interactions (2016)

Although single-nucleotide somatic mutations in the proximal promoter of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene create novel consensus sequences for transcription factors that enhance TERT expression, the precise mechanism of how telomerase is reactivated in cancer cells remains poorly understood. In this issue, Akıncılar and colleagues identify a potential mechanism of TERT reactivation that is mediated by a novel long-range chromatin interaction between the TERT promoter on chromosome 5p and a 300-kb upstream region. This permits recruitment of the transcription factor GABPA in mutant TERT promoters but not in wild-type promoters. Cancer Discov; 6(11); 1212-4. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Akıncılar and colleagues, p. 1276.
Pressure Dependence of Breakdown Voltage Under Inhomogeneous Field in CF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;I Gas (2012)

CF3I gas is one of promising SF6 substitute. The insulation performances of CF3I, CF3I/N2, and CF3I/CO2 mixtures are examined through measuring sparkover voltage in inhomogeneous field under 0.1 to 0.5 MPa(abs)-gas pressure.
A Solution for Steiner′s Problem (2020)

Associated with the rapid improvement of fine-line etching techniques, both the wire density and the number of routing layers have been skyrocketing. Steiner's problem with rectilinear distance is an infamous NP problem. It was usually reduced to subproblems, or was approximated by improving a minimum spanning tree to reduce tree length by about 8% on average. This chapter gives the definitions pertaining to Steiner points, edge-sets and edge-set trees, and discusses properties of Steiner points in an no-redundancy edge-set tree. Then develops graph arithmetics for generating a no-redundancy edge-set tree, and generating other no-redundancy edge-set trees, by replacing edge-sets and cliques of the no-redundancy edge-set tree with other edge-sets and cliques. Finally describes the general solution contained by all no-redundancy edge-set trees, and provides procedures for finding no-redundancy edge-set trees, as well as an example of finding the general solution for 10 nodes.
Acyl Carrier Protein Synthases from Gram-Negative, Gram-Positive, and Atypical Bacterial Species: Biochemical and Structural Properties and Physiological Implications (2006)

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (AcpS) catalyzes the transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety from coenzyme A (CoA) onto a serine residue of apo-ACP, resulting in the conversion of apo-ACP to the functional holo-ACP. The holo form of bacterial ACP plays an essential role in mediating the transfer of acyl fatty acid intermediates during the biosynthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids. AcpS is therefore an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we have purified and characterized the AcpS enzymes from Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which exemplify gram-negative, gram-positive, and atypical bacteria, respectively. Our gel filtration column chromatography and cross-linking studies demonstrate that the AcpS enzyme from M. pneumoniae, like E. coli enzyme, exhibits a homodimeric structure, but the enzyme from S. pneumoniae exhibits a trimeric structure. Our biochemical studies show that the AcpS enzymes from M. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae can utilize both short- and long-chain acyl CoA derivatives but prefer long-chain CoA derivatives as substrates. On the other hand, the AcpS enzyme from E. coli can utilize short-chain CoA derivatives but not the long-chain CoA derivatives tested. Finally, our biochemical studies show that M. pneumoniae AcpS is kinetically a very sluggish enzyme compared with those from E. coli and S. pneumoniae. Together, the results of these studies show that the AcpS enzymes from different bacterial species exhibit different native structures and substrate specificities with regard to the utilization of CoA and its derivatives. These findings suggest that AcpS from different microorganisms plays a different role in cellular physiology.
The magnetic dipole moment of a cellular phone (2012)

In the following we measure the magnetic field of a cellular phone. It is found that the magnetic field is comparable to that of the earth's magnetic field at 6,3 cm above the phone. However, the field is not uniform as the earth's magnetic field but bears the unique distribution of a magnetic field induced by a magnetic dipole. The dipole moment is calculated. Recent claims regarding the safety of cellular phones suggest that weak static magnetic fields are induced around the phone, and this field and its gradients may pose a health risk to the user. An experiment was conducted to measure the induced static magnetic field around a cellular phone. 65 µT variations and 18 µT/cm gradients were measured in the magnetic field at about 6 cm from the phone. The influence the measured magnetic fields may have on the user is beyond the scope of this research. Streszczenie. W pracy mierzymy pole magnetyczne od telefonu komorkowego Stwierdzono, ze pole magnetyczne telefonu przyjmuje wartości porownywalne z wartościami ziemskiego pola magnetycznego dla odleglości okolo 6,3 cm od telefonu. Jednakze, pole nie ma rozkladu jednostajnego podobnie jak ziemskie pole magnetyczne, lecz wykazuje unikalny rozklad. Wyznaczono moment dipolowy. W najnowszych pracach dotyczących bezpieczenstwa uzytkowania telefonow komorkowych twierdzi sie, ze slabe pola magnetyczne są indukowane wokol telefonu i ze pola te mogą stanowic zagrozenie dla uzytkownika. Przeprowadzono eksperyment w celu zmierzenia indukowanego statycznego pola magnetycznego wokol telefonu komorkowego. Z pomiarow uzyskano wartości zmienności indukcji na poziomie 65 µT oraz gradienty na poziomie 18 µT/cm dla odleglości okolo 6 cm od telefonu. Określenie wplywu, jaki moglyby miec pola o tego typu charakterystyce na uzytkownika nie jest przedmiotem rozwazan w niniejszej pracy. (Dipolowy moment magnetyczny telefonu komorkowego)
Biomedical optics centers: forty years of multidisciplinary clinical translation for improving human health (2016)

Despite widespread government and public interest, there are significant barriers to translating basic science discoveries into clinical practice. Biophotonics and biomedical optics technologies can be used to overcome many of these hurdles, due, in part, to offering new portable, bedside, and accessible devices. The current JBO special issue highlights promising activities and examples of translational biophotonics from leading laboratories around the world. We identify common essential features of successful clinical translation by examining the origins and activities of three major international academic affiliated centers with beginnings traceable to the mid-late 1970s: The Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Mass General Hospital, USA), the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic (University of California, Irvine, USA), and the Medical Laser Center Lübeck at the University of Lübeck, Germany. Major factors driving the success of these programs include visionary founders and leadership, multidisciplinary research and training activities in light-based therapies and diagnostics, diverse funding portfolios, and a thriving entrepreneurial culture that tolerates risk. We provide a brief review of how these three programs emerged and highlight critical phases and lessons learned. Based on these observations, we identify pathways for encouraging the growth and formation of similar programs in order to more rapidly and effectively expand the impact of biophotonics and biomedical optics on human health.
Improvement of locomotive performance of capsular microrobot moving in GI tract using position based feedback control (2009)

The position based feedback control system is proposed in order to improve the locomotive performance of the paddling based capsular microrobot moving in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. The miniaturized optical encoder is designed and fabricated for the positional feedback of the mobile in the microrobot, which results in the precise positioning with the resolution of 0.1 mm. Moreover, the stroke of the mobile is optimized to increase the forwarding velocity of the microrobot. The control performance is verified by comparing the targeted displacement with the measured one under various loading conditions. The velocity of the microrobot is evaluated according to the various strokes and driving voltages under visco-elastically deformable and rare deformable conditions. The control system works properly with high resolution and accuracy and the velocity of the microrobot is maximized under the optimized stroke. In the in-vitro test, the velocity of the microrobot controlled by the position based feedback is increased by 73% when the optimized stroke is applied, compared with the velocity by the time based control.
Effect of Waste Oil Methyl Ester on Tractor Engine Performance (2010)

1 يرتكد يوجشناد ، هورگ نيشام كيناكم سردم تيبرت هاگشناد ،يزرواشك ياه 2 رايشناد ، نيشام كيناكم هورگ ياه سردم تيبرت هاگشناد ،يزرواشك 3 داتسا ، نيشام كيناكم هورگ سردم تيبرت هاگشناد ،يزرواشك ياه 4 دشرا يسانشراك ، هورگ نيشام كيناكم سردم تيبرت هاگشناد ،يزرواشك ياه 5 يرتكد يوجشناد ، هورگ نيشام كيناكم سردم تيبرت هاگشناد ،يزرواشك ياه * نارهت ، قودنص يتسپ 111 14115 ghobadib@modares.ac.ir ) هلاقم تفايرد : رذآ 1386 هلاقم شريذپ ، : رويرهش 1387 (