gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Delays Onset of Glucosuria With Regression of Renal Injuries in Genetic Rat Model of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1998)

BACKGROUND: The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat is a new genetic model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We investigated whether angiotensin inhibition influences the onset of NIDDM and brings about a regression of renal injury in diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six-week-old OLETF rats were treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors imidapril or enalapril for 16 weeks. Systolic blood pressure is increased in an age-dependent manner in OLETF rats. In this study, the elevation in systolic blood pressure was dose-dependently reduced by ACE inhibitor treatment. In OLETF rats, plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose increased and the glucosuria occurred at the age of 22 weeks. Simultaneously, OLETF rats exhibited proteinuria and nodular lesions in glomeruli. The ACE inhibitor treatment almost completely reduced glucosuria, and also decreased plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose in OLETF rats. ACE inhibitor treatment lessened the proteinuria and attenuated morphologically the severity of nodular lesions in OLETF rats. Moreover, increases in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in OLETF rats were reduced by the ACE inhibitor treatment, and the improvement of glomerular lesions was related to decreases of PAI-1 and angiotensin II levels in plasma but not to improvement of glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: ACE inhibitors delay onset of NIDDM with attenuation of kidney injury. The regression of kidney lesions is probably due to angiotensin reductions but not to glucose metabolism per se. ACE inhibitor drug therapy may be useful in preventing NIDDM and the subsequent renal injury in patients with NIDDM.
Score Increase and Partial-Credit Validity When Administering Multiple-Choice Tests Using an Answer-Until-Correct Format (2016)

There are numerous benefits to answer-until-correct (AUC) approaches to multiple-choice testing, not the least of which is the straightforward allotment of partial credit. However, the benefits of granting partial credit can be tempered by the inevitable increase in test scores and by fears that such increases are further contaminated by a large random guessing component. We have measured the effects of using the immediate feedback assessment technique (IF-AT), a commercially available AUC response system, on the scores of a typical first-year chemistry multiple-choice test. We find that with a particular commonly used scoring scheme the test scores from IF-AT deployment are 6–7 percentage points higher than from Scantron deployment. This amount is less than that suggested by previous studies, where the mark increase was calculated in a purely post hoc manner and thus neglected affective changes of students’ behavior associated with the IF-AT technique. Furthermore, we have strong evidence that partial credit is awarded in a highly rational manner in accordance with the students’ level of understanding.
Data from Tiling Path Genomic Profiling of Grade 3 Invasive Ductal Breast Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To characterize the molecular genetic profiles of grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type using high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and to identify recurrent amplicons harboring putative therapeutic targets associated with luminal, HER-2, and basal-like tumor phenotypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Ninety-five grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type were classified into luminal, HER-2, and basal-like subgroups using a previously validated immunohistochemical panel. Tumor samples were microdissected and subjected to aCGH using a tiling path 32K BAC array platform. Selected regions of recurrent amplification were validated by means of &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization. Expression of genes pertaining to selected amplicons was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR and gene silencing was done using previously validated short hairpin RNA constructs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We show that basal-like and HER-2 tumors are characterized by “sawtooth” and “firestorm” genetic patterns, respectively, whereas luminal cancers were more heterogeneous. Apart from confirming known amplifications associated with basal-like (1q21, 10p, and 12p), luminal (8p12, 11q13, and 11q14), and HER-2 (17q12) cancers, we identified previously unreported recurrent amplifications associated with each molecular subgroup: 19q12 in basal-like, 1q32.1 in luminal, and 14q12 in HER-2 cancers. &lt;i&gt;PPM1D&lt;/i&gt; gene amplification (17q23.2) was found in 20% and 8% of HER-2 and luminal cancers, respectively. Silencing of PPM1D by short hairpin RNA resulted in selective loss of viability in tumor cell lines harboring the 17q23.2 amplification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our results show the power of aCGH analysis in unraveling the genetic profiles of specific subgroups of cancer and for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Accumulation and Intracellular Distribution of Antitrypanosomal Diamidine Compounds DB75 and DB820 in African Trypanosomes (2006)

The aromatic diamidine pentamidine has long been used to treat early-stage human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Two analogs of pentamidine, DB75 and DB820, have been shown to be more potent and less toxic than pentamidine in murine models of trypanosomiasis. The diphenyl furan diamidine, DB75, is the active metabolite of the prodrug DB289, which is currently in phase III clinical trials as a new orally active candidate drug to treat first-stage HAT. The new aza analog, DB820, is the active diamidine of the prodrug DB844, currently undergoing preclinical evaluation as a new candidate to treat HAT of the central nervous system. The exact mechanisms of antitrypanosomal activity of aromatic dications remain poorly understood, with multiple mechanisms hypothesized. Pentamidine is known to be actively transported into trypanosomes and binds to DNA within the nucleus and kinetoplast. A long-hypothesized mechanism of action has been that DNA binding ultimately leads to interference with DNA-associated enzymes. Both DB75 and DB820 are intensely fluorescent, which provides an important tool for determining the kinetics of accumulation and intracellular distribution in trypanosomes. We show in the current study that DB75 and DB820 rapidly accumulate and strongly concentrate within trypanosomes, with intracellular concentrations over 15,000-fold higher than mouse plasma concentrations. Both compounds initially accumulate in the DNA-containing nucleus and kinetoplast, but at later time points, they concentrate in non-DNA-containing cytoplasmic organelles. Analyses of the kinetics of uptake and intracellular distribution are necessary to begin to define antitrypanosomal mechanisms of action of DB75, DB820, and other aromatic diamidines.
Traceable nanoscale length metrology using a metrological Scanning Probe Microscope (2010)

We give an overview of the design and planned operation of the metrological Scanning Probe Microscope (mSPM) currently under development at the National Measurement Institute Australia (NMIA) and highlight the metrological principles guiding the design of the instrument. The mSPM facility is being established as part of the nanometrology program at NMIA and will provide the link in the traceability chain between dimensional measurements made at the nanometer scale and the realization of the SI meter at NMIA. The instrument will provide a measurement volume of 100 &#956;m × 100 &#956;m × 25 &#956;m with a target uncertainty of 1 nm for the position measurement.
Progress in 7‐Deazapurine: Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine — Ribonucleoside Synthesis (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Surface and bulk interactions of ionic and nonionic surfactants (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface and bulk interactions of ionic and nonionic surfactantsN. J. Turro, P. L. Kuo, P. Somasundaran, and K. WongCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 2, 288–291Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100274a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100274a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views662Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Fig S2 from TAS-121, A Selective Mutant EGFR Inhibitor, Shows Activity Against Tumors Expressing Various &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; Mutations Including T790M and Uncommon Mutations G719X (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig. S2 shows inhibitory activity of TAS-121 for ERBB family kinases.&lt;/p&gt;
The GABA transporter 1 (SLC6A1): a novel candidate gene for anxiety disorders (2008)

Recent evidence suggests that the GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1; SLC6A1) plays a role in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. In order to understand the impact of genetic variation within SLC6A1 on pathological anxiety, we performed a case-control association study with anxiety disorder patients with and without syndromal panic attacks. Using the method of sequential addition of cases, we found that polymorphisms in the 5' flanking region of SLC6A1 are highly associated with anxiety disorders when considering the severity of syndromal panic attacks as phenotype covariate. Analysing the effect size of the association, we observed a constant increase in the odds ratio for disease susceptibility with an increase in panic severity (OR approximately 2.5 in severely affected patients). Nominally significant association effects were observed considering the entire patient sample. These data indicate a high load of genetic variance within SLC6A1 on pathological anxiety and highlight GAT-1 as a promising target for treatment of anxiety disorders with panic symptoms.
Les effets de la foudre sur les réseaux de télécommunications et les moyens de s’en protéger (2012)

Cet article presente de facon synthetique les connaissances actuelles sur la foudre, ses effets sur les reseaux de telecommunications et les moyens qui existent pour s’en proteger. Apres avoir aborde brievement les principales grandeurs electriques qui caracterisent la foudre, on s’attarde sur les differents effets que la foudre peut engendrer. En matiere de protection des infrastructures contre la foudre, l’article vise a presenter une vue globale des normes internationales en vigueur et relatives a l’analyse du risque et aux methodes de protection a mettre en place.
Redox-Induced <i>cis</i> → <i>trans</i> Isomerisation of Bis(porphyrinyl)ethenes: A Possible Basis for a Molecular Memory Element? (1996)

Abstract trans-1,2-Bis(octaethylporphyrin-5-yl)ethene free base and its dinickel(II) complex exhibit narrow electrochemical band gaps (1.44 and 1.49 eV, respectively) and broad, solvent-dependent absorption bands at low energy, whilst the corresponding cis isomers undergo rapid redox-induced cis → trans isomerisation.
Lithium coordination and mobility in gel electrolytes based on an acrylate polymer with ethylene oxide side chains (2003)

Multinuclear NMR has been used to investigate the structure and mobility of a series of polymer gel electrolytes. The co-polymers used as matrixes in the gels have acrylate backbones and side chains of ethylene oxide, where the length of the side chains has been varied, while the ratio of acrylate to ethylene oxide has been kept constant. The electrolyte is a mixture of lithium perchlorate and two solvents, ethylene carbonate and gamma butyrolactone. 13C spectra of the different gel electrolytes shows that both solvents interact with the salt, and that the strength of the interaction increases with decreasing length of the polymer side chains. It also appears that the lithium ions show no selectivity between the two types of solvent. Furthermore, the lithium chemical shift moves progressively upfield with increasing length of the side chains, showing a gradual change in interaction from lithium–solvent to lithium–(ethylene oxide).
Causal Knowledge Extraction through Large-Scale Text Mining (2020)

In this demonstration, we present a system for mining causal knowledge from large corpuses of text documents, such as millions of news articles. Our system provides a collection of APIs for causal analysis and retrieval. These APIs enable searching for the effects of a given cause and the causes of a given effect, as well as the analysis of existence of causal relation given a pair of phrases. The analysis includes a score that indicates the likelihood of the existence of a causal relation. It also provides evidence from an input corpus supporting the existence of a causal relation between input phrases. Our system uses generic unsupervised and weakly supervised methods of causal relation extraction that do not impose semantic constraints on causes and effects. We show example use cases developed for a commercial application in enterprise risk management.
New Acrylated Oligomers with a Sulfide Group for Radiation-Curable Coatings (2010)

Dendritic oligomers were prepared using the Michael reaction of thiol with acrylates taken in excess. Liquid oligomers A−D demonstrate exceptional shelf life. When cured, the oligomer produces a coating with relatively high tensile strength and hardness that is akin to high viscosity dendritic urethane acrylates. Oligomers A−C demonstrate a balance of properties in between the developed in our lab earlier dendritic polyester acrylates, BDE-1025 (low viscosity, lower hardness) and the dendritic urethane acrylates D and XDR-1416 (high viscosity, high hardness).
Model calculations for the two-fragment electro-disintegration of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">He</mml:mi></mml:math> (1999)

Differential cross sections for the electro-disintegration process ${e+}^{4}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{He}}}^{3}\mathrm{H}{+p+e}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ are calculated, using a model in which the final-state interaction is included by means of a nucleon-nucleus $(3+1)$ potential constructed via Marchenko inversion. The required bound-state wave functions are calculated within the integrodifferential equation approach. In our model the important condition that the initial bound state and the final scattering state are orthogonal is fulfilled. The sensitivity of the cross section to the input ${p}^{3}\mathrm{H}$ interaction in certain kinematical regions is investigated. The approach adopted could be useful in reactions involving few cluster systems where effective interactions are not well known and exact methods are presently unavailable. Although, our plane-wave impulse approximation results exhibit, similarly to other calculations, a dip in the fivefold differential cross section around a missing momentum of $\ensuremath{\sim}450 \mathrm{MeV}/c,$ it is argued that this is an artifact of the omission of rescattering four-nucleon processes.
Issues of congestion control and notification schemes in ATM networks and proposal of EPRCAM (2002)

In long haul networks, delay in congestion notification can cause an extended period of congestion which may in turn result in cell loss, and poor utilization of the network. In this regard we investigate various congestion notification strategies and show our results in this paper. Moreover, we identify deficiencies and problems associated with the enhanced proportional rate control algorithm (EPRCA) which is one of the explicit rate control algorithms recommended by the ATM Forum. These deficiencies cause unfairness in bandwidth utilization among contending sources. We suggest modifications in EPRCA and call it the modified enhanced proportional rate control algorithm (EPRCAM). We argue that EPRCAM will lead to better link utilization and fair bandwidth allocation between sources. In our simulation model, EPRCAM results in as high as a 97.5% link utilization without cell loss.
Spatial Organization of Polymer Chains in a Crystallizable Diblock Copolymer of Polyethylene and Polystyrene (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpatial Organization of Polymer Chains in a Crystallizable Diblock Copolymer of Polyethylene and PolystyreneR. E. Cohen, A. Bellare, and M. A. DrzewinskiCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 8, 2321–2323Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00086a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00086a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Satb1 deficiency licenses TFH-differentiation and Tertiary Lymphoid Structure formation in cancer (2020)

Abstract Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLS) are commonly identified in human tumors with improved outcome, but how they are orchestrated remains elusive. Here we show that silencing of the master genomic organizer Satb1 results in enhanced antigen-specific T Follicular Helper (TFH) differentiation. Increased TFH thereby promoted antigen-specific intra-tumoral CD19+B220+ B cell responses and spontaneous TLS assembly upon ovarian tumor challenge. Mechanistically, Satb1 deficiency drives increased TFH formation through de-repression of ICOS and PD-1. Accordingly, TGF-β1-driven downregulation of Satb1 licenses activated human CD4+ T-cells for enhanced antigen-specific T Follicular Helper (TFH) differentiation. Furthermore, Satb1 deficiency abrogates the generation of PD-1highCXCR5+Foxp3+ T Follicular Regulatory (TFR) cells during the TFH differentiation process. Importantly, functional TFH cell accumulation, in the absence of Satb1 specifically in CD4+ T cells, resulted in corresponding isotype-switched B cell responses and spontaneous formation of TLS, while B cell depletion accelerated malignant progression. Our results indicate that the formation of TLS in cancer depends on enhanced B cell responses driven by TFH cells generated through Satb1 down-regulation.
Accurate Energy Use Estimation for Nonintrusive Load Monitoring in Systems of Known Devices (2016)

This paper presents a method of nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) for electrical systems consisting of a fixed and known set of devices. This constraint is inherently met by embedded and mobile power systems, and is also commonly satisfied in industrial settings. The proposed NILM method provides time-accurate profiles of device behavior using only probabilistic device models and system-level measurements. The full method consists of model training, construction of a system-level model, and prediction of device-level energy use. Energy use estimations are determined by maximizing the probability of the predicted behavior given the system-level measurements, and are calculated online at each sampling instant. The method is validated using test data from public databases, and its performance is assessed using standard NILM accuracy metrics. The intended application of the proposed method is to support system status assessments and to provide early indications of potential equipment damage through identification of atypical device behavior.
New Insights into Biosynthesis of Cuticular Wax (2015)

The outer epidermal cell walls of plant shoots are covered with a cuticle, a continuous lipid structure that protects plants from desiccation, UV‐light, pathogens, and insects. The cuticle is composed of cutin polymer matrix embedded and coated with waxes. Major wax components are derived from very‐long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) precursors with chain lengths between C24 and C34. We are taking advantage of wax‐deficient eceriferum (cer) mutants in Arabidopsis to identify and functionally characterize gene products involved in wax biosynthesis, wax export to the cuticle, and regulation of these processes. I will describe our work on the cer2 mutant, which resulted in the identification of a novel component of fatty acid elongation machinery required for the extension of acyl chains beyond C28. This process is unique to plants where C30‐C34 VLCFAs are used for the production of cuticular wax and the pollen coat, critical for pollen hydration. The core VLCFA elongation complex involves four proteins. Condensing enzymes catalyze the first elongation reaction and determine the chain length of fatty acid products. While necessary for the production of all VLCFAs, known condensing enzymes cannot produce VLCFAs longer than C28. Heterologous expression in yeast revealed that CER2 protein could modify the chain‐length specificity of a condensing enzyme, CER6, from C28 to C30. We identified two CER2 homologs in Arabidopsis. Results of our investigation of the specificities and physiological roles of this protein family will be discussed.
Polarization-Multiplexed 32QAM and 16PSK Signaling with Coherent Receiver using Digital-Delay Detection (2012)

Application of digital-delay detection to considerably higher-order coherent multilevel signaling is verified by 100-Gbit/s PM-32QAM and 80-Gbit/s PM-16PSK transmission experiments with low implementation penalty, and their laser linewidth and IF-frequency offset tolerance is also shown.