gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Single Trip Horizontal Gravel Pack and Selective Stimulation System Improves Injectivity in Deepwater Wells (2003)

Abstract Conventional horizontal gravel pack completions typically require multiple trips. Disadvantages of the conventional system may include the loss of rig time due to multiple trips and repeated rig-up / rig-down of pumping equipment, formation damage due to completion fluid losses and fluid loss pills, and incomplete filtercake cleanup across the entire gravel packed interval. A novel single trip horizontal gravel pack and selective stimulation (SHGPSS) system has been developed and implemented. This system allows the gravel pack assembly to be installed, the gravel pack to be pumped, and selective stimulation of the entire packed interval to be performed – all in a single trip. The benefits of the SHGPSS system include valuable rig-time savings and, efficient mechanical diversion of the stimulation fluid. This paper outlines the first applications of the SHGPSS system to successfully complete five deepwater horizontal injection wells in the Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. Hydrostatic pressure was maintained on the formation during all treatment phases, thus preventing any underbalance that could lift the filtercake off the formation and cause undesirable fluid losses. After gravel packing, a secondary ball was dropped opening a bypass area and converting the gravel pack tool to a selective stimulation tool. The system then provided the ability to perform a filter cake cleanup and stimulation by selectively treating the horizontal interval 40 ft to 80 ft at the time, depending on the screen joint length. Economic considerations along with completion efficiencies are especially important on deepwater, subsea completions. The novel SHGPSS system can reduce rig-time generating significant cost savings. Exceptional mechanical diversion of the stimulation fluid allows effective filtercake and formation damage removal yielding efficient completions. Case history information on five subsea, offshore Brazil, deepwater wells will further detail the optimized completions accomplished utilizing the SHGPSS technology.
Digestive Challenges for Vertebrate Animals: Microbial Diversity, Cardiorespiratory Coupling, and Dietary Specialization (2010)

The digestive system is the interface between the supply of food for an animal and the demand for energy and nutrients to maintain the body, to grow, and to reproduce. Digestive systems are not morphologically static but rather dynamically respond to changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the diet and the level of food intake. In this article, we discuss three themes that affect the ability of an animal to alter digestive function in relation to novel substrates and changing food supply: (1) the fermentative digestion in herbivores, (2) the integration of cardiopulmonary and digestive functions, and (3) the evolution of dietary specialization. Herbivores consume, digest, and detoxify complex diets by using a wide variety of enzymes expressed by bacteria, predominantly in the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Carnivores, such as snakes that feed intermittently, sometimes process very large meals that require compensatory adjustments in blood flow, acid secretion, and regulation of acid-base homeostasis. Snakes and birds that specialize in simple diets of prey or nectar retain their ability to digest a wider selection of prey. The digestive system continues to be of interest to comparative physiologists because of its plasticity, both phenotypic and evolutionary, and because of its widespread integration with other physiological systems, including thermoregulation, circulation, ventilation, homeostasis, immunity, and reproduction.
Prototyping the BOPTEST framework for simulation-based testing of advanced control strategies in buildings (2019)

Advanced control strategies are becoming increasingly necessary in buildings in order to meet and balance requirements for energy efficiency, demand flexibility, and occupant comfort. Additional development and widespread adoption of emerging control strategies, however, ultimately require low implementation costs to reduce payback period and verified performance to gain control vendor, building owner, and operator trust. This is difficult in an already first-cost driven and risk-averse industry. Recent innovations in building simulation can significantly aid in meeting these requirements and spurring innovation at early stages of development by evaluating performance, comparing state-of-the-art to new strategies, providing installation experience, and testing controller implementations. This paper presents the development of a simulation framework consisting of test cases and software platform for the testing of advanced control strategies (BOPTEST - Building Optimization Performance Test). The objectives and requirements of the framework, components of a test case, and proposed software platform architecture are described, and the framework is demonstrated with a prototype implementation and example test case.
Contact Patterns Among Bighorn Sheep In and Around Glacier National Park (2017)

Identifying patterns of direct contacts among individual animals is important to understanding infectious disease transmission. Social behavior can be influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic variables and can be explored at 3 levels: social network structure, dyad structure, and contact structure. We investigated drivers of contact structure using GPS locations of 87 male and female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in and around Glacier National Park in Montana, USA. Focusing on contacts between sheep moving separately, we examined relationships between contact locations and movement variables, land cover, distances to various resources, and variables known to influence survival using a resource selection function. Used and available points were defined as simultaneous locations within 25 m (the contact-used) and 13 km (largest step length- available) of another collared bighorn sheep, thus results of this analysis describe the strengths of these variables relative to habitat use. Data were analyzed separately according to dyad type (male-male, female-female, malefemale). Most contacts occurred in March for male-male and female-female dyads and in November, December, and January for male-female dyads. For male-male dyads, contacts occurred more than expected given habitat use in conifer land cover and locations farther from perennial water sources, high NDVI, little canopy cover, and low and high solar radiation index. For female-female dyads, contacts occurred less than expected given habitat use in grass and barren land cover and locations with intermediate terrain ruggedness, high NDVI, and low and high snow water equivalent. For male-female dyads, contacts occurred most during the night, least during the day, and at locations with intermediate elevation and farther from escape terrain. Together, these results suggest that more specific conditions apply to contact locations than general locations and that we can predict locations where contacts are most likely to occur, which may be useful for disease management.
Nanoimpact on electrode and electrolyte layers with micro‐electro‐mechanical system ( <scp>MEMS</scp> ) technique (2010)

Abstract MEMS (micro‐electromechanical system) fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells to realize portable power sources, does not only mean a reduction of the spatial geometry of all components of a fuel cell but also means that with decreasing electrolyte and electrode layer thicknesses as well as grain size of these components, the nanoeffects become important. It therefore offers new challenges for understanding the influence of electrode and electrolyte layer properties for material integration as well as modeling. The nanoscale impact on electrolyte and electrode layers as well as micro‐SOFC cell characteristics are described in this article.
Les soldats comme producteurs sous le Haut-Empire romain (2011)

Le Bohec Yann. Les soldats comme producteurs sous le Haut-Empire romain. In: Les travailleurs dans l’Antiquité : statuts et conditions. Actes du 127e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Le travail et les hommes », Nancy, 2002. Paris : Editions du CTHS, 2011. pp. 99-112. (Actes des congrès nationaux des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, 127-11)
CTIM-23. A PHASE 1 TRIAL OF D2C7-IT IN COMBINATION WITH ATEZOLIZUMAB IN RECURRENT WHO GRADE IV MALIGNANT GLIOMA (MG) (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND D2C7 immunotoxin (D2C7-IT) is a dual-specific recombinant immunotoxin comprising an EGFR-wt and mutant-specific (EGFRvIII) monoclonal antibody fragment and a genetically engineered form of the pseudomonas exotoxin. When injected directly into the tumor mass by convection enhanced delivery (CED), in addition to direct tumor cell killing, immunotoxins induce secondary immune responses by the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. We completed a phase 1 dose escalation study of D2C7-IT injected by CED into recurrent WHO grade III-IV MG and identified the phase 2 dose (6,920 ng/mL). Three patients remain in partial response more than 58, 38, and 32 months after a single D2C7-IT intratumoral infusion. As optimal induction of anti-tumor immune responses by immunotoxins is impeded by potent MG-mediated immunosuppression, we are assessing the toxicity of the combination of D2C7-IT with atezolizumab in patients with recurrent WHO grade IV MG. METHODS Eligibility includes adult patients with recurrence of a solitary supratentorial WHO grade IV MG; ≥4 weeks after chemotherapy, bevacizumab or study drug; adequate organ function; and KPS &amp;gt;70%. Patient receives an intratumoral infusion of D2C7-IT and initiates two weeks later atezolizumab at 1200mg, followed by atezolizumab every 3 weeks for up to 2 years. Two cohorts of 3 patients are initially accrued to assess the toxicity of the combination. Assuming accrual continues after the initial two cohorts of 3 patients, an additional 12 patients will be accrued to the study. RESULT The first enrolled patient experienced a grade 3 DLT (grade III ALT elevation) after the first infusion of atezolizumab, but showed a more extensive immunotherapeutic effect by imaging than observed with patients on the D2C7-IT monotherapy trial. Enrollment is ongoing. CONCLUSION D2C7-IT monotherapy has shown prolonged survival and disease control in some patients. We are now evaluating the combination of D2C7-IT with checkpoint inhibition.
Protective role of the HLA–A*02 allele in Portuguese patients with multiple sclerosis (2009)

DRB1*15 increased the risk of developing MS and HLA-A*02 decreased the risk. A*03 had no effect. To analyze if HLA-A*02 association was independent from DRB1*15, an interaction between these two alleles was introduced in the model; no significant interaction was found.
Characterizing the NLO chromophore orientation of polymeric film by electroabsorption spectroscopy[Nonlinear Optical] (1998)

The dispersion of third-order nonlinear coefficients {chi}{sub 1133}{sup (3)} and {chi}{sub 3333}{sup (3)} of three different NLO (nonlinear optical) polymer films were determined by electroabsorption spectroscopy. The first material investigated is an epoxy-based polymer BP-2A-NT, with azobenzene NLO chromophore 4-[((4-nitrophenyl)(azo)phenyl)azo]aniline in its side chain. The other materials are two polydiacetylenes, poly(BPOD) and poly(4-BCMU), in which the delocalized polymer chains contribute to the third-order nonlinearity. The complex spectrum of {chi}{sub 3333}{sup (3)} of each material is very similar in shape to corresponding {chi}{sub 1133}{sup (3)} spectrum. The ratio of {chi}{sub 3333}{sup (3)} to {chi}{sub 1133}{sup (3)} is 3.2 for BP-2A-NT, 1.5 for both poly(BPOD) and poly(4-BCMU). These ratios indicate that the distribution of the side-chain NLO chromophores of BP-2A-NT is very close to three-dimensional isotropy, and the distribution of the main-chain chromophores of poly(BPOD) and poly(4-BCMU) is concentrated on the film plane.
Fabrication of highly efficient four-junction solar cells by surface-activated wafer-bonding (2017)

We used surface-activated wafer-bonding (SAB) at low temperatures for the fabrication of advanced four-junction solar cells. The bonded heterojunctions are optimized regarding high electrical conductivity to avoid voltage losses especially for devices operating with high-current densities. Wafer-bonded 4-junction solar cells are today reaching the highest efficiencies for sunlight conversion into electricity and offer possible applications for space as well as concentrating photovoltaics.
Towards Argumentation-based Multiagent Induction (2010)

In this paper we propose an argumentation-based framework for multiagent induction, where two agents learn separately from individual training sets, and then engage in an argumentation process in order to converge to a common hypothesis about the data. The result is a multiagent induction strategy in which the agents minimize the set of cases that they have to exchange (using argumentation) in order to converge to a shared hypothesis. The proposed strategy works for any induction algorithm which expresses the hypothesis as a collection of rules. We show that the strategy converges to a hypothesis indistinguishable in training set accuracy from that learned by a centralized strategy.
Computed Tomographic Metal Artifact Reduction for the Detection and Quantitation of Small Features Near Large Metallic Implants (2008)

Computed tomographic imaging of tissue surrounding metallic implants is often limited by metal artifacts. This paper compares 3 existing metal artifact reduction techniques that are based on segmentation of metal-affected regions in native images, followed by reprojection of segmented areas into original Radon space, removal of metal trace(s), and renewed reconstruction: Detector row-wise linear interpolation, 2-dimensional interpolation, and combination of row-wise linear interpolation and adaptive filtering. For each method, improvements of CT number accuracy and signal-noise as well as contrast-noise ratios near the prosthesis and in the image periphery over the values found for native images were evaluated in a phantom experiment simulating osteolytic bone lesions of different size and density around a Chrome-Cobalt hip prosthesis stem. Improvement in diagnostic usability was evaluated as lesion detectability by size. Quantitative and qualitative results showed that the linear interpolation and the combination method removed the artifacts most effectively. The mean accuracy error over different regions of interest placed in the direct vicinity of the metal and in the periphery of the object decreased 10-fold with linear interpolation. These methods increased contrast-noise ratio up to 68% of that measured on artifact-free images for the least dense lesion. Qualitatively, the linear interpolation and the combination method improved the lesion detectability and enabled differentiation of different lesion densities. However, in proximity to the stem, some artifacts remained for all methods. We conclude that published algorithms for metal artifact reduction substantially improve image quality for CT imaging of a metallic object and may be adequate for quantitative measurements except for the direct vicinity of the metallic object.
EPFL lab session 2/2: Introduction to Hidden Markov Models (2001)

Lab sessions given in relation to Herve Bourlard's Speech Recognition course at EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne), second semester 2001. The full session is available from the web as ftp://ftp.idiap.ch/pub/sacha/labs/Session2.tgz .
Assessment of Tumor Cell Proliferation Using [18F]Fluorodeoxyadenosine and [18F]Fluoroethyluracil (1996)

This study was to develop radiofluorinated ethyluracil (FEU) and deoxyadenosine analogues (FAD) for noninvasive assessment of tumor proliferative potential by positron emission tomography (PET). 5-(2-Fluoroethyl)uracil ([18F]FEU) was prepared by treating 2,4-dimethoxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrimidine with K18F, followed by hydrolysis with HBr. Fluorodeoxyadenosine ([18F]FAD) was prepared by treating a triacetylated analogue of adenosine with K18F. In vitro cell proliferation assay of [18F]-FEU was performed using human peripheral blood mononucleus cells. Tissue distributions were studied in breast tumor-bearing rats at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h along with autoradiography at 45 min postinjection. PET imaging studies were conducted in VX-2 tumor-bearing rabbits. In vitro assay indicated that [18F]FEU incorporated into DNA/RNA during cell proliferation. Tumor-to-tissue count density ratios of [18F]FAD and [18F]-FEU increased as a function of time. [18F]FAD had higher tumor-to-nontumor tissue count density ratios than [18F]FEU. Autoradiograms of [18F]FEU and [18F]FAD, and PET images of [18F]FEU, showed that the tumors could be well visualized. The results suggest that [18F]FEU and [18F]FAD have potential use in evaluating tumor cell proliferation by PET.
Radiofluorination of a NHC–PF<sub>5</sub> adduct: toward new probes for <sup>18</sup>F PET imaging (2017)

The radiofluorination of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) phosphorus(v) fluoride adducts has been investigated. The results show that the IMe-PF<sub>5</sub> derivative (IMe = 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) undergoes a Lewis acid promoted <sup>18</sup>F-<sup>19</sup>F isotopic exchange. The resulting radiofluorinated probe is remarkably resistant to hydrolysis both in vitro as well as in vivo.
Assessing the capability of the mycobacterial ribosome to elicit a CD4+ T cell response (APP5P.115) (2015)

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects one third of the world’s population, and an effective vaccine is desperately needed to curb the spread of disease. We have identified that the CD4+ T cell response is critical in combating Mtb. Using an attenuated version of Mycobacterium smegmatis, IKEPLUS, our lab previously identified the mycobacterial ribosome as a potential target to enhance CD4+ T cell responses to Mtb in mice. To directly assess the CD4+ T cell response mounted against the individual mycobacterial ribosomal proteins, we used an E. coli expression system to express and purify all fifty-seven proteins that make up the Mtb ribosome. This Mtb ribosomal library was then used to identify which proteins of the mycobacterial ribosome elicited a CD4+ T cell response in IKEPLUS infected animals by IFN-γ ELISPOT. When CD4+T cells of infected animals were isolated and restimulated with the Mtb ribosomal protein library, twenty-five of the fifty-seven total proteins elicited significant CD4+ Tcell responses. These ELISPOT results indicate that the Mtb ribosome is a highly immunogenic structure with the ability to stimulate strong T cell responses in mice. Further studies will focus on the use of the mycobacterial ribosome and isolated ribosomal proteins as potential components of vaccination regimens for inducing protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—H Carboxylation with Complexes of the Coinage Metals (2011)

Abstract Review: 42 refs.
Automata Modulo Theory (AMT) (2009)

With the advent of the next generation java servlet on the smartcard, the Future Internet will be composed by web servers and clients silently yet busily running on high end smart cards in our phones and our wallets. In this new world model we can no longer accept the current security model where programs can be downloaded on our machines just because they are vaguely "trusted". We want to know what they do in more precise details. We claim that the Future Internet needs the notion of security-by-contract: a contract describes the security relevant interactions that an application could have with the smart devices hosting them. Compliance with contracts should veriﬁed at development time, checked at deployment time and contracts should be accepted by the platform before deployment and possibly their enforcement guaranteed, for instance by in-line monitoring. In this technical report we provide a formal model and an algorithm for matching the claims on the security behavior of a midlet (for short contract) with the desired security behavior of a platform (for short policy) on a security-by-contract framework for realistic security scenarios.
Adrenomedullin inhibits insulin exocytosis via pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled mechanism (2006)

Direct effects of adrenomedullin on insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells were investigated using a differentiated insulin-secreting cell line INS-1. Adrenomedullin (1-100 pM) inhibited insulin secretion at both basal (3 mM) and high (15 mM) glucose concentrations, although this inhibitory effect was not observed at higher concentrations of adrenomedullin. The inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion by adrenomedullin was restored with 12-h pretreatment with 1 microg/ml pertussis toxin (PTX), suggesting that this effect could be mediated by PTX-sensitive G proteins. Cellular glucose metabolism evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay was not affected by adrenomedullin at concentrations that inhibited insulin secretion. Moreover, electrophysiological studies revealed that 10 pM adrenomedullin had no effect on membrane potential, voltage-gated calcium currents, or cytosolic calcium concentration induced by 15 mM glucose. Finally, insulin release induced by cAMP-raising agents, such as forskolin plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine or the calcium ionophore ionomycin, was significantly inhibited by 10 and 100 pM adrenomedullin. In conclusion, adrenomedullin at picomolar concentrations directly inhibited insulin secretion from beta-cells. This effect is likely due to the inhibition of insulin exocytosis through the activation of PTX-sensitive G proteins.
Effects of alkyl chain length of Zn N‐alkylpyridylporphyrins on photo‐mediated protein crosslinking (2012)

Photodynamic therapy provides a minimally invasive approach for cancer treatment and Zn(II) N‐methylpyridylporphyrins can act as potent photosensitizers (PSs). Lipophilicity is a major factor determining transmembrane permeation of porphyrins and may influence their association with proteins. This study used SDS‐PAGE to investigate damage to purified lactate dehydrogenase and isolated human erythrocyte membranes by amphiphilic butyl and hexyl Zn(II) N‐alkylpyridylporphyrins under PS illumination conditions that kill cultured cancer cells. Localization of PSs and role of singlet oxygen were examined by using scavengers (L‐histidine and sodium azide), D 2 O, and hypoxia. Increased alkyl chain length gave increased photo‐crosslinking of membrane proteins. Significance of binding of Zn(II) N‐alkylpyridylporphyrins to proteins was examined by addition of photo‐inactive Mn N‐alkylpyridylporphyrin analogues. Limited PS‐dependent protein modification was found under hypoxic conditions and PS treatment of L‐histidine generated different products under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. SDS‐PAGE profiles suggested that rapid protein modification occurs at the cytosolic face of the erythrocyte membrane and that protein crosslinking is not favored between domains within membrane core regions. Hematoporphyrin D was much less potent than the Zn‐PSs in protein photo‐crosslinking . Financial support from Grant YM 02/08 from Kuwait University
Optical parametric oscillator pumped at ~1 µm with intracavity mid-IR difference-frequency generation in OPGaAs (2018)

Intracavity difference-frequency generation (DFG) between signal and idler pulses is investigated in orientation-patterned GaAs inside the cavity of a ~1 µm pumped nanosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Using two different samples and temperature tuning in the non-critical configuration, tunability between 7 and 9.2 µm is demonstrated. The superior thermo-mechanical properties of OPGaAs enabled also for the first time operation of this cascaded scheme at kilohertz (1-3 kHz) repetition rates reaching average powers ~10 mW in the mid-IR.
Antwort auf den Leserbrief zum Beitrag „Psoriasis und Adipositas“ (2023)

Wir bedanken uns für die Anmerkungen von Prof. Dr. med. Dr. med. habil Olaf Adam zu dem Manuskript Psoriasis und Adipositas.