gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Outcomes of Early Recurrent Myocardial Infarction After Acute Myocardial Infarction (2021)

Background We aimed to understand the characteristics and outcomes of patients readmitted with a recurrent myocardial infarction (RMI) within 90 days of discharge after an acute myocardial infarction (early RMI). Methods and Results We analyzed the timing of reinfarction, etiology, and outcome for all patients admitted with an early RMI within 90 days of discharge after an acute myocardial infarction between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2017. We identified 6626 admissions for acute myocardial infarction (index myocardial infarction) which led to 168 cases of RMI within 90 days of discharge. The mean patient age was 65.1±13.1 years, and 37% were women. The 90-day probability of readmission with an early RMI was 2.5%. Black race, medical management, higher troponin T, and shorter length of stay were independent predictors of early RMI. Medically managed group had a higher risk for early RMI compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (<i>P</i>=0.04) or coronary artery bypass grafting (<i>P</i>=0.2). Predominant mechanisms for reinfarction were stent thrombosis (17%), disease progression (12%), and unchanged coronary artery disease (11%). At 5 years, the all-cause mortality rate for patients with an early RMI was 49% (95% CI, 40%-57%) compared with 22% (95% CI, 21%-23%) for patients without an early RMI (<i>P</i><0.0001). Conclusions Early RMI is a life-threatening condition with nearly 50% mortality within 5 years. Stent-related events and progression in coronary artery disease account for most early RMI. Medication compliance, aggressive risk factor management, and care transitions should be the cornerstone in preventing early RMI.
Voltage Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy Based Low Energy Switching of a\n Ferromagnet on a Topological Insulator (2014)

We present a novel memory device that consists of a thin ferromagnetic layer\nof Fe deposited on topological insulator thin film, Bi2Se3. The ferromagnetic\nlayer has perpendicular anisotropy, due to MgO deposited on the top surface of\nFe. When current is passed on the surface of Bi2Se3, the surface of the Bi2Se3\nbecomes spin polarized and strong exchange interaction occurs between the d\nelectrons in the ferromagnet and the electrons conducting the current on the\nsurface of the Bi2Se3. Part of the current is shunted through the ferromagnet\nwhich generates spin transfer torque in the ferromagnet. The combination of the\nspin transfer torque and exchange interaction torque along with\nvoltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) allows ultralow-energy switching\nof the ferromagnet. We perform micromagnetic simulations and predict switching\ntime of the order of 2.5 ns and switching energy of the order of 0.45fJ for a\nferromagnetic bit with thermal stability of 43kBT. Such ultralow-energy and\nhigh-speed VCMA-induced switching of a perpendicular anisotropy ferromagnet on\na topological insulator could be utilized for energy-efficient memory design.\n
A New Available Bandwidth Estimation Method Using RTT for a Bottleneck Link (2014)

The Internet real-time applications are growing rapidly, and available bandwidth estimation is required. Available bandwidth estimation methods by end host have been studied e.g. Pathload and pathChirp. These methods parameterize probe packet volume and observe the delay variation to estimate available bandwidth. In these methods, the probe packets impose heavy overhead loads on the network. In this paper, we propose a new available bandwidth estimation method based on the frequency of minimum RTT of probe packets in multi hop links. This method estimates bandwidth utilization and available bandwidth of a bottleneck link without significantly increasing network overhead. Estimation accuracies are evaluated for available bandwidth by implementing the proposed method. The proposed method shows better performance than pathChirp or Pathload, requiring fewer probe packets and less estimation time simultaneously.
Efficacy of Levofloxacin Based Triple and High-Dose PPI-Amoxicillin Dual Eradication Therapy for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> after Failures of First- and Second-Line Therapies (2014)

Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori as the third-line triple therapy with rabeprazole (RPZ) + amoxicillin (AMPC) + levofloxacin (LVFX) and high-dose RPZ + AMPC. Methods. 51 patients who failed Japanese first-line (proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + AMPC + clarithromycin) and second-line (PPI + AMPC + metronidazole) eradication therapy were randomly assigned at a 1 : 1 ratio to one of the following third-line eradication groups: (1) RAL group: RPZ 10 mg (b.i.d.), AMPC 750 mg (b.i.d.), and LVFX 500 mg (o.d.) for 10 days; (2) RA group: RPZ 10 mg (q.i.d.) and AMPC 500 mg (q.i.d.) for 14 days. Patients who failed to respond to third-line eradication therapy received salvage therapy. Results. The rates of eradication success, based on intention to treat (ITT) analysis, were 45.8% in the RAL group and 40.7% in the RA group. The overall eradication rates were 73.9% in the RAL group and 64.0% in the RA group. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions. The third-line triple therapy with RPZ, AMPC, and LVFX was as effective as that with high-dose RPZ and AMPC.
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSYT--COMPUTED SIGNAL SETTINGS (1977)

This description of Montgomery, Alabama's experience with TRANSYT seeks to aid other cities decide 1) whether TRANSYT may be a cost-effective tool as compared to manual analyses or the do-nothing alternative, and 2) whether TRANSYT procedures may be carried out by a city's own forces. The emphasis is on administrative concerns of input workload requirements and computer costs. Available indications of the effectiveness of the TRANSYT timing in reducing delay are also presented. The article is winner of the Southern Section ITE Best Technical Paper Award of 1977. /Author/
Synthesis, characterization and properties of novel highly oxygen permeable amphiphilic membranes (2006)

Abstract The objective of this research was to develop new strategies for the synthesis of novel optically clear highly oxygen permeable membranes exhibiting appropriate water uptake and mechanical properties for possible ophthalmic applications. Thus a series of bicontinuous amphiphilic conetworks containing well‐defined poly‐ (ethylene glycol) and polydimethylsiloxane segments crosslinked by three novel crosslinking/modifying agents were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated. This paper concerns the design and synthesis of the crosslinking/modifying agents (see Fig. 2 ), and their use for the synthesis of clear, highly oxygen permeable amphiphilic membranes. Select membranes exhibit outstanding oxygen permeabilities (&gt;200 barrers) far superior to contemporary commercial soft contact lenses, together with mechanical properties and water uptake appropriate for extended wear soft contact lens application. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 308–316, 2007
Front Cover: Imidazolinium‐based Multiblock Amphiphile as Transmembrane Anion Transporter (2/2021) (2020)

Ion transport across the cellular membranes is an important biological process in maintaining life. Here, the transmembrane ion transport properties of a newly developed imidazolinium-based multiblock amphiphile (IMA) are reported. IMA transports anions with selectivity for nitrate, recognizing anions via (C−H)+⋅⋅⋅X− hydrogen bond with the C2 proton of the imidazolinium ring. The anion transport is achieved by a mobile carrier mechanism, where formation of dimeric complexes of IMA with anions in the lipid bilayer membranes was suggested by spectroscopic analysis and molecular dynamics simulation. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Kazushi Kinbara et al.
Collective and Single-Molecule Interactions of α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>1</sub>Integrins (2004)

A novel biomimetic system was used to study collective and single-molecule interactions of the alpha5beta1 receptor-GRGDSP ligand system with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Bioartificial membranes, which display peptides that mimic the cell adhesion domain of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, are constructed from peptide-amphiphiles. The interaction measured with the immobilized alpha5beta1 integrins and GRGDSP peptide-amphiphiles is specifically related to the integrin-peptide binding. It is affected by divalent cations in a way that accurately mimics the adhesion function of the alpha5beta1 receptor. The recognition of the immobilized receptor was significantly increased for a surface that presented both the primary recognition site (GRGDSP) and the synergy site (PHSRN) compared to the adhesion measured with surfaces that displayed only the GRGDSP peptide. At the collective level, the separation process of the receptor-ligand pairs is a combination of multiple unbinding and stretching events that can accurately be described by the wormlike chain (WLC) model of polymer elasticity. In contrast, stretching was not observed at the single-molecule level. The dissociation of single alpha5beta1-GRGDSP pairs under loading rates of 1-305 nN/s revealed the presence of two activation energy barriers in the unbinding process. The high-strength regime above 59 nN/s maps the inner barrier at a distance of 0.09 nm along the direction of the force. Below 59 nN/s a low-strength regime appears with an outer barrier at 2.77 nm and a much slower transition rate that defines the dissociation rate (off-rate) in the absence of force (k(off) degrees = 0.015 s(-1)).
Original article Serological evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infections in pregnancy (1999)

Objective: Serological evaluation of herpes simplex virus infections during pregnancy. Methods: 2991 serum samples were obtained during 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester from 997 pregnant women. Baculovirus expressed glycoproteins gG1 (HSV-1) and gG2 (HSV-2) were used as antigens in ELISA for HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG and IgA antibodies. Results: The prevalence of HSV-1 gGl antibodies was 70% and that of HSV-2 gG2 antibodies 16%. Among susceptible women we found five (0.6%) cases with serological evidence of primary HSV-2 infection during pregnancy. Evidence of active HSV-1 infection was found in nine (0.9%) cases. Decline of HSV-2 gG2 IgG antibody levels during pregnancy was pronounced compared with HSV-1 gG1 IgG antibody levels (p<0.01); also the proportion of seroreversions was considerably higher among HSV-2 seropositives (25%) than among HSV-1 seropositives (3%) (p<0.001). Conclusions: HSV-2 gG2 IgG antibodies were readily distinguished from HSV-l gG1 IgG antibodies by the glycoprotein gG ELISAs. Serological assays for gG2 antibodies should guard against the decline of specific antibodies during pregnancy. (Sex Transm Inf 1999;75:168‐171)
Cobaloxime Catalysis: Selective Synthesis of Alkenylphosphine Oxides under Visible Light (2019)

Direct activation of H-phosphine oxide to react with an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond is a straightforward approach for accessing alkenylphosphine oxides, which shows significant applications in both synthetic and material fields. However, expensive metals and strong oxidants are typically required to realize the transformation. Here, we demonstrate the utility of earth-abundant cobaloxime to convert H-phosphine oxide into its reactive radical species under visible light irradiation. The radical species thus generated can be utilized to functionalize alkenes and alkynes without any external photosensitizer and oxidant. The coupling with terminal alkene generates <i>E</i>-alkenylphosphine oxide with excellent chemo- and stereoselectivity. The reaction with terminal alkyne yields linear <i>E</i>-alkenylphosphine oxide via neutral radical addition, while addition with internal ones generates cyclic benzophosphine oxides and hydrogen. Mechanistic studies on radical trapping experiments, electron spin resonance studies, and spectroscopic measurements confirm the formation of phosphinoyl radical and cobalt intermediates that are from capturing the electron and proton eliminated from H-phosphine oxide. The highlight of our mechanistic investigation is the dual role played by cobaloxime, viz., both as the visible light absorber to activate the P(O)-H bond as well as a hydrogen transfer agent to influence the reaction pathway. This synergetic feature of the cobaloxime catalyst preforming multiple functions under ambient condition provides a convergent synthetic approach to vinylphosphine oxides directly from H-phosphine oxides and alkenes (or alkynes).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Oleanane and Ursane Triterpenoids with Various Enone Functionalities in Ring A as Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Production in Mouse Macrophages. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
NSP-CAS Protein Complexes: Emerging Signaling Modules in Cancer (2012)

The CAS (CRK-associated substrate) family of adaptor proteins comprises 4 members, which share a conserved modular domain structure that enables multiple protein-protein interactions, leading to the assembly of intracellular signaling platforms. Besides their physiological role in signal transduction downstream of a variety of cell surface receptors, CAS proteins are also critical for oncogenic transformation and cancer cell malignancy through associations with a variety of regulatory proteins and downstream effectors. Among the regulatory partners, the 3 recently identified adaptor proteins constituting the NSP (novel SH2-containing protein) family avidly bind to the conserved carboxy-terminal focal adhesion–targeting (FAT) domain of CAS proteins. NSP proteins use an anomalous nucleotide exchange factor domain that lacks catalytic activity to form NSP-CAS signaling modules. Additionally, the NSP SH2 domain can link NSP-CAS signaling assemblies to tyrosine-phosphorylated cell surface receptors. NSP proteins can potentiate CAS function by affecting key CAS attributes such as expression levels, phosphorylation state, and subcellular localization, leading to effects on cell adhesion, migration, and invasion as well as cell growth. The consequences of these activities are well exemplified by the role that members of both families play in promoting breast cancer cell invasiveness and resistance to antiestrogens. In this review, we discuss the intriguing interplay between the NSP and CAS families, with a particular focus on cancer signaling networks.
Phenanthrene Derivatives, 3,5-Dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol and Batatasin-I, as Non-Polar Standard Marker Compounds for Dioscorea Rhizoma (2007)

Phenathrene derivatives, such as batatasins, are well-known constituents in Dioscorea Rhizoma. Although phenanthrenes have been reported as representative compounds in this plant, standard markers for quality control have been focused on the polar constituents (saponins and purine derivatives). Herein, simple, rapid and reliable HPLC method was developed to determine 3,5-dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol (DMP) and batatasin-I (BA-I) as non-polar standard maker compounds of Dioscorea Rhizoma. DMP and BA-I were analyzed under optimized HPLC conditions [column: Columbus 5 μ C18 100A (30 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm; mobile phase: H2O with 0.025% CH3COOH (v/v) for solvent A and CH3CN with 0.025% CH3COOH (v/v) for solvent B, gradient elution; flow rate: 2 mL/min; detection: 260 nm), and each experiment was finished within 13 min. Good linearity was achieved in the range from 0.5 to 10.0 μg/mL for each compound, and intra- and inter-day precision were in the acceptable levels. The recovery test were performed with three different Dioscorea Rhizoma samples (D. opposita, D. batatas and D. japonica), and showed its accuracy values in the range of 97.2 - 102.8% for three different concentrations of DMP and BA-I. The content levels of DMP and BA-I were ranged under 0.0020%. These results demonstrated that amounts of DMP and BA-I are easily determined with conventional HPLC-UVDAD method although the content levels were lower than those of saponins and allantoin in Dioscorea Rhizoma. This HPLC method could be used for quality control of various Dioscorea preparations.
Genome-wide determination of on-target and off-target characteristics for RNA-guided DNA methylation by dCas9 methyltransferases (2018)

Our results prove that dCas9 methyltransferases cause efficient RNA-guided methylation of specific endogenous CpGs. However, there is significant off-target methylation indicating that further improvements of the specificity of CRISPR-dCas9 based DNA methylation modifiers are required.
Polynucleotide Sequence Relationships among Members of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (1969)

Polynucleotide relationships were examined among many representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae by means of agar, membrane filter, and hydroxyapatite procedures. The amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that reassociated was dependent, especially in interspecific reactions, on the annealing temperature. In only three cases: Escherichia coli-Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium-S. typhi, and Proteus mirabilis-P. vulgaris, was relative interspecific duplex formation 80% or higher. In most cases interspecies DNA duplex formation was 40% or less of that obtained from intraspecies DNA reassociation reactions. The stability of E. coli-S. flexneri DNA duplexes formed at either 60 or 75 C was virtually identical to that of homologous E. coli DNA duplexes, and the degree of interspecies duplex formation was minimally affected by the temperature increase (86% at 60 C; 77% at 75 C). The thermal stability of DNA duplexes formed at 60 C between DNA from E. coli and DNA from strains of Aerobacter aerogenes, S. typhimurium, S. typhi, and P. mirabilis was about 12 to 14 C below that of reassociated E. coli DNA. At 75 C, the formation of the interspecific DNA duplexes was markedly decreased, but the stability of the DNA able to reassociate at this temperature approximated that of reassociated E. coli DNA. The degree of reassociation and the thermal stability of E. coli-S. flexneri DNA duplexes suggests relatively little evolutionary divergence in these organisms. The other enterobacteria tested, however, have diverged to a point where less than one-half of their DNA can reanneal with E. coli DNA at 60 C and less than 10% reacts at 75 C. The degree of divergence between various enterobacteria does not appear to be uniform along the DNA molecule. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA)-specific sequences are conserved among most enterobacteria. An examination of messenger RNA relatively specific for the lactose operon suggests that specific chromosomal genes may diverge more or less than the genome as a whole.
Robust and Reproducible Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation System of the C4 Genetic Model Species Setaria viridis (2020)

<i>Setaria viridis</i> (green foxtail) has been identified as a potential experimental model system to genetically and molecularly characterise the C<sub>4</sub> monocotyledonous grasses due to its small physical size, short generation time and prolific seed production, together with a sequenced and annotated genome. <i>Setaria viridis</i> is the wild ancestor of the cropping species, foxtail millet (<i>Setaria italica</i>), with both <i>Setaria</i> species sharing a close evolutionary relationship with the agronomically important species, maize, sorghum, and sugarcane, as well as the bioenergy feedstocks, switchgrass, and <i>Miscanthus</i>. However, an efficient and reproducible transformation protocol is required to further advance the use of <i>S. viridis</i> to study the molecular genetics of C<sub>4</sub> monocotyledonous grasses. An efficient and reproducible protocol was established for <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation of <i>S. viridis</i> (Accession A10) regenerable callus material derived from mature seeds, a protocol that returned an average transformation efficiency of 6.3%. The efficiency of this protocol was the result of the: (i) use of mature embryo derived callus material; (ii) age of the seed used to induce callus formation; (iii) composition of the callus induction media, including the addition of the ethylene inhibitor, silver nitrate; (iv) use of a co-cultivation approach, and; (v) concentration of the selective agent. Our protocol furthers the use of <i>S. viridis</i> as an experimental model system to study the molecular genetics of C<sub>4</sub> monocotyledonous grasses for the potential future development of improved C<sub>4</sub> cropping species.
Effects of Magnetic Field on the Motion of Multiphase Fluids Containing Paramagnetic Nanoparticles in Porous Media (2010)

When paramagnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed at the oil-water interface or dispersed in one of the fluid phases in reservoir rock pores, then exposed to an external magnetic field, the resultant particle movements displace the interface. Interfacial tension acts as a restoring force, leading to interfacial fluctuation and a pressure (sound) wave. Here we focus on the interface motion. We apply the theory of ferrofluids to the case of an interface in a cylindrical pore. The predictions are consistent with experiments with an aqueous suspension of iron oxide nanorods in which the interface motion is measured by optical coherence tomography. The relative densities of the fluid phases (air/aqueous and dodecane/aqueous in our case) strongly affect the displacement of the interface. Application of a magnetic field introduces pressure-like terms into the equation of fluid phase motion. We then recast the problem in terms of interface motion, extending a numerical interface-tracking model based on the level-set method to account for capillarity and magnetic pressures simultaneously. We use the model to illustrate the motion of an interface between inviscid fluids at the pore scale when magnetic forces are imposed on one fluid phase.
New fast discrete Hartley transform algorithm (1991)

A new algorithm is proposed that enables the realisation of a discrete Hartley transform with the lowest number of multiplications yet reported. This algorithm also achieves the minimum number of additions compared with the reported algorithms achieving the same minimum number of multiplications.