gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of serious concomitant injuries in the treatment and outcome of pediatric severe traumatic brain injury (2013)

Prognostic and epidemiologic study, level III.
Characterization of New PEEK/HA Composites with 3D HA Network Fabricated by Extrusion Freeforming (2016)

Addition of bioactive materials such as calcium phosphates or Bioglass, and incorporation of porosity into polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been identified as an effective approach to improve bone-implant interfaces and osseointegration of PEEK-based devices. In this paper, a novel production technique based on the extrusion freeforming method is proposed that yields a bioactive PEEK/hydroxyapatite (PEEK/HA) composite with a unique configuration in which the bioactive phase (i.e., HA) distribution is computer-controlled within a PEEK matrix. The 100% interconnectivity of the HA network in the biocomposite confers an advantage over alternative forms of other microstructural configurations. Moreover, the technique can be employed to produce porous PEEK structures with controlled pore size and distribution, facilitating greater cellular infiltration and biological integration of PEEK composites within patient tissue. The results of unconfined, uniaxial compressive tests on these new PEEK/HA biocomposites with 40% HA under both static and cyclic mode were promising, showing the composites possess yield and compressive strength within the range of human cortical bone suitable for load bearing applications. In addition, preliminary evidence supporting initial biological safety of the new technique developed is demonstrated in this paper. Sufficient cell attachment, sustained viability in contact with the sample over a seven-day period, evidence of cell bridging and matrix deposition all confirmed excellent biocompatibility.
Visions & Reflections (Minireview) Hitting malaria before it hurts: attenuated Plasmodium liver stages (2007)

Continuous natural exposure to Plasmodi- um transmission by infectious Anopheles mosquitoes leads to a gradual acquisition of immunological competence against malaria. The partial immunity, observed in adolescents and adults living in endemic areas, reduces morbidity and mortality without pre- venting parasite infection. In experimental animal models, long-lasting sterilizing immunity can be achieved with genetically attenuated Plasmodium liver stages. Can these findings be translated to accomplish sterile protection against natural malaria transmission in the high-risk group, young infants in sub-Saharan Africa?
A tale of two factors: What determines the rate of progression in Huntington's disease? A longitudinal MRI study (2011)

Over the past several years, increased attention has been devoted to understanding regionally selective brain changes that occur in Huntington's disease and their relationships to phenotypic variability. Clinical progression is also heterogeneous, and although CAG repeat length influences age of onset, its role, if any, in progression has been less clear. We evaluated progression in Huntington's disease using a novel longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging analysis. Our hypothesis was that the rate of brain atrophy is influenced by the age of onset of Huntington's disease. We scanned 22 patients with Huntington's disease at approximately 1-year intervals; individuals were divided into 1 of 3 groups, determined by the relative age of onset. We found significant differences in the rates of atrophy of cortex, white matter, and subcortical structures; patients who developed symptoms earlier demonstrated the most rapid rates of atrophy compared with those who developed symptoms during middle age or more advanced age. Rates of cortical atrophy were topologically variable, with the most rapid changes occurring in sensorimotor, posterior frontal, and portions of the parietal cortex. There were no significant differences in the rates of atrophy in basal ganglia structures. Although both CAG repeat length and age influenced the rate of change in some regions, there was no significant correlation in many regions. Rates of regional brain atrophy seem to be influenced by the age of onset of Huntington's disease symptoms and are only partially explained by CAG repeat length. These findings suggest that other genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play important roles in neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease.
A disjoint route-sets approach to design of path-protecting p-cycle networks (2006)

Recent work has proposed the concept of failure-independent path-protecting (FIPP) p-cycles as a pre-connected, failure independent, path-protecting network architecture [A. Kodian, W. D. Grover (2005)]. FIPP p-cycles extend p-cycles by adding the property, like shared backup path protection (SBPP), of providing end-to-end failure independent path switching against either span or node failures. Especially in a transparent or translucent optical network, the property of pre-cross-connection of protection paths can be even more important than just increasing restoration-speed: when optical protection paths are pre-cross-connected, they can be guaranteed in advance to work when required. FIPP p-cycles therefore offer a fully pre-connected, alternative to SBPP in which protection paths must be assembled on the fly from spare wavelength channels. Design results from small networks in [A. Kodian, W. D. Grover (2005)] showed that FIPP p-cycle designs can be as efficient as SBPP but it is very difficult to design larger networks using the ILP design model in [A. Kodian, W. D. Grover (2005)]. We now develop a new ILP model and a related heuristic method for FIPP p-cycle design that produces network designs with much faster runtimes. Results indicate that the heuristic generates FIPP p-cycle designs that have total capacity costs within 10-18% of optimally designed SBPP solutions.
Measurements of complex refractive indices of photoactive yellow protein (2015)

A novel optical technique for measuring the complex refractive index (CRI) of photoactive proteins over the wide range of visible wavelengths is presented. Employing quantitative phase microscopy equipped with a wavelength swept source, optical fields transmitted from a solution of photoactive proteins were precisely measured, from which the CRIs of the photoactive proteins were retrieved with the Fourier light scattering technique. Using the present method, both the real and imaginary RIs of a photoactive yellow protein (PYP) solution were precisely measured over a broad wavelength range (461 - 582 nm). The internal population of the ground and excited states were switched by blue light excitation (445 nm center wavelength), and the broadband refractive index increments of each state were measured. The significant CRI deviation between in the presence and absence of the blue excitation was quantified and explained based on the Kramers-Kronig relations.
Atomic Structure and Electrical Properties of Thermally Grown SiO2/SiC Interfaces (2012)

Fundamental aspects of SiC oxidation and SiO2/SiC interfaces have been investigated to gain knowledge for improving performance and reliability of SiC-based MOS devices. High-resolution synchrotron x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that a near-perfect interface dominated by Si-O bonds is formed by thermal oxidation of 4H-SiC(0001) substrates, but atomic scale roughness and imperfection causing electrical degradation of SiC-MOS devices are introduced as oxide thickness increases. We have also pointed out that the negative fixed charges originating from the interface defects modulate band offset at SiO2/SiC interface and that small conduction band offset leading toincreased gate leakage of MOS devices is an intrinsic problem, especially for the SiC(000-1) C-face substrates. On the basis of the results from the physical and electrical characterizations, this paper discusses the advantage of deposited insulating films on thin SiO2 underlayers in order to overcome these obstacles.
Pre-mRNA processing enhancer (PPE) elements from intronless genes play additional roles in mRNA biogenesis than do ones from intron-containing genes (2005)

Most mRNA-encoding genes require introns for efficient expression in high eukaryotes. However, mRNAs can efficiently accumulate in the cytoplasm without intron excision if they contain cis-acting elements such as the post-transcriptional regulatory element (PRE) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the constitutive transport element (CTE) of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), or the pre-mRNA processing enhancer (PPE) of herpes simplex virus' thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene. We compared the activities of these viral elements, the Rev-responsive element (RRE) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the human c-Jun gene's enhancer (CJE), an element newly identified here, to enable expression of an intronless variant of the human beta-globin gene. The PRE, PPE and CJE from naturally intronless genes, but not the CTE or RRE from intron-containing genes, significantly enhanced stability, 3' end processing and cytoplasmic accumulation. When the transcripts included the beta-globin gene's first intron, the PRE, PPE and CJE still enhanced mRNA biogenesis, in some cases without intron excision. Thus, elements enabling stability, 3' end formation and nucleocytoplasmic export, not the presence of introns or their excision per se, are necessary for mRNA biogenesis. While the CTE and RRE primarily enhance nucleocytoplasmic export, PPE-like elements from naturally intronless genes facilitate polyadenylation as well.
Neurogenic effects of fingolimod in hippocampus, affecting fear memory. (2014)

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Safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine in Swiss adults (1992)

Adult volunteers received a booster dose (4 x 10(8) CFU) of attenuated Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR oral vaccine 15 or 24 months after primary immunization. The immune response was modest, presumably due to rapid clearance of the vaccine strain by a primed immune system.
Corrigenda (1993)

A. K. Ghosh, K. Ghosh, S. Pal, U. R. Chatak, T. D. James, T. Harada and S. Shinkai, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 1176 DOI: 10.1039/C39930001176
Polyenylpyrroles and Polyenylfurans from an Australian Isolate of the Soil Ascomycete <i>Gymnoascus </i><i>r</i><i>eessii</i> (2006)

[structure: see text] An Australian isolate of the soil ascomycete Gymnoascus reessii yielded a series of cytotoxic metabolites, including the known polyenylpyrroles rumbrin (1) and auxarconjugatin A (2), and the new rumbrin stereoisomer 12E-isorumbrin (3), as well as an unprecedented class of polyenylfurans exemplified by gymnoconjugatins A (4) and B (5). Structures were assigned with detailed spectroscopic analysis.
Photophysical and (Photo)electrochemical Properties of a Coumarin Dye (2005)

A new coumarin dye, cyano-{5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-(1,1,6,6-tetramethyl-10-oxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,4H,10H-11-oxa-3a-aza-benzo[de]anthracen-9-yl)vinyl]cyclohex-2-enylidene}-acetic acid (NKX-2753), was prepared and characterized with respect to photophysical and electrochemical properties. It was employed as a dye sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells and showed efficient photon-to-electron conversion properties. The photocurrent action spectrum exhibited a broad feature with a maximum incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 84% at 540 nm, which is comparable to that for the famous red dye RuL2(NCS)2 (known as N3), where L stands for 2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid. The sandwich-type solar cell with NKX-2753, under illumination of full sun (AM1.5, 100 mW cm(-2)), produced 16.1 mA cm(-2) of short-circuit photocurrent, 0.60 V of open-circuit photovoltage, and 0.69 of fill factor, corresponding to 6.7% of overall energy conversion efficiency using 0.1 M LiI, 0.05 M I2, 0.1 M guanidinium thiocyanate, and 0.6 M 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-propyl-imidazolium iodide in dry acetonitrile as redox electrolyte. In comparison with its analogue NKX-2586 (Langmuir 2004, 20, 4205), NKX-2753 with an extra side ring on the alkene chain produced much higher IPCE values at the same conditions. The side ring acted as a spacer to efficiently prevent dye aggregation when adsorbed on the TiO2 surface, resulting in significant improvements of short-circuit photocurrent, open-circuit photovoltage, and fill factor compared with NKX-2586 that aggregated on the TiO2 surface.
Adenosine-A1 receptor agonist induced hyperalgesic priming type II (2015)

We have recently shown that repeated exposure of the peripheral terminal of the primary afferent nociceptor to the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist DAMGO ([D-Ala, N-Me-Phe, Gly-ol]-enkephalin acetate salt) induces a model of transition to chronic pain that we have termed type II hyperalgesic priming. Similar to type I hyperalgesic priming, there is a markedly prolonged response to subsequent administration of proalgesic cytokines, prototypically prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). However, type II hyperalgesic priming differs from type I in being rapidly induced, protein kinase A (PKA), rather than PKCε dependent, not reversed by a protein translation inhibitor, occurring in female as well as in male rats, and isolectin B4-negative neuron dependent. We report that, as with the repeated injection of a MOR agonist, the repeated administration of an agonist at the A1-adenosine receptor, also a Gi-protein coupled receptor, N-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), also produces priming similar to DAMGO-induced type II hyperalgesic priming. In this study, we demonstrate that priming induced by repeated exposure to this A1-adenosine receptor agonist shares the same mechanisms, as MOR-agonist induced priming. However, the prolongation of PGE2 hyperalgesia induced by repeated administration of CPA depends on G-protein αi subunit activation, differently from DAMGO-induced type II priming, in which it depends on the β/γ subunit. These data implicate a novel form of Gi-protein signaling pathway in the type II hyperalgesic priming induced by repeated administration of an agonist at A1-adenosine receptor to the peripheral terminal of the nociceptor.
Aflatoxin B1-induced micronuclei and cell cycle alterations in lung and bone marrow cells and their modulation byPiper argyrophyllumextract (1998)

Aflatoxin B, (AFB1) is a clastogen that causes cellular damage by covalent modification of nucleic acids. In this investigation, male rats were injected i.p. with AFB1 (8 mg/kg b.w.) in DMSO and the same dose of AFB1 was also administered intratracheally (i.t.) to the animals separately. The animals were killed after 26 h of the carcinogen treatment, femur bone was removed, and bone marrow cells were isolated and stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin. Micronuclei (Mn) were scored by using light microscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was prepared from rats administered AFB1 i.t. A part of BAL was fixed with 70% ethanol, stained with the fluorochrome DAPI, and analysed for cell cycle variations; the other part of the lavage was used for making slides to record Mn with a fluorescent microscope. A significantly greater proportion of lung cells were found to enter cell cycle with extended S-phase due to AFB1 treatment. Mn were induced in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) as compared to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) in the bone marrow of AFB1-treated rats, where there was nearly a three-fold increase in the number of Mn of bone marrow cells. The administration of AFB1 resulted in a two-fold rise in the Mn in the lung cells. The effect of BSO, DEM, and PB, the modulators of AFB1 metabolism, was studied on AFB1-induced Mn formation. A significant increase in the Mn score in PCEs of BSO- and DEM-treated rats was noted, while a slight reduction in the Mn score was noted in the case of PB-treated rats. The administration of the methanol extract of the leaves of Piper argyrophyllum (taken up in DMSO) to rats for a week exhibited normalising effect on AFB1-induced Mn in bone marrow cells. These observations record the induction of Mn in lung cells due to AFB1 for the first time. We propose the utility of AFB1-induced Mn as a model for screening plant extracts as inhibitors of genotoxicity. Prevention of genotoxic changes described above by phytochemicals is being pursued in our Laboratories.
Regulation of transforming growth factor β-induced responses by protein kinase A in pancreatic acinar cells (2008)

TGF-beta is an important regulator of growth and differentiation in the pancreas and has been implicated in pancreatic tumorigenesis. We have recently demonstrated that TGF-beta can activate protein kinase A (PKA) in mink lung epithelial cells (Zhang L, Duan C, Binkley C, Li G, Uhler M, Logsdon C, Simeone D. Mol Cell Biol 24: 2169-2180, 2004). In this study, we sought to determine whether TGF-beta activates PKA in pancreatic acinar cells, the mechanism by which PKA is activated, and PKA's role in TGF-beta-mediated growth regulatory responses. TGF-beta rapidly activated PKA in pancreatic acini while having no effect on intracellular cAMP levels. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a physical interaction between a Smad3/Smad4 complex and the regulatory subunits of PKA. TGF-beta also induced activation of the PKA-dependent transcription factor CREB. Both the specific PKA inhibitor H89 and PKI peptide significantly blocked TGF-beta's ability to activate PKA and CREB. TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition and TGF-beta-induced p21 and SnoN expression in pancreatic acinar cells were blocked by H89 and PKI peptide. This study demonstrates that this novel cross talk between TGF-beta and PKA signaling pathways may play an important role in regulating TGF-beta signaling in the pancreas.
Numerical studies of deuterium-tritium ignition in impact-fusion targets (1989)

A numerical one-dimensional solution of the Euler equations for an imploding spherical tungsten shell with internal deuterium-tritium gas is applied to study impact-fusion dynamics with parameters of fusion-reactor relevance. Thermal conduction and radiative energy loss by the plasma are taken into account, as is heating by fusion-generated alpha particles. A variety of target sizes and impact velocities are examined, and scaling laws for fusion yields are deduced which define possible parameters for conceptual commercial impact-fusion power reactors. It is found that shell energies and velocities of about 30 MJ and 110 km/s would be satisfactory. A potential commercial impact-fusion reactor based on such parameters is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Opening a Can of Worm(‐like Micelle)s: The Effect of Temperature of Solutions of Functionalized Dipeptides (2017)

Abstract A simple heat/cool cycle can be used to significantly affect the properties of a solution of a low‐molecular‐weight gelator at high pH. The viscosity and extensional viscosity are increased markedly, leading to materials with very different properties than when the native solution is used.
Diamorphingestützte Substitution (2015)

Kernaussagen Nach Etablierung der diamorphingestützten Behandlung in der Schweiz wurde diese zunächst im Rahmen einer Modellprojektstudie auch in Deutschland untersucht. Nachdem der Behandlungserfolg nachgewiesen werden konnte, wurde diese Substitutionsform in den Leistungskatalog der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen aufgenommen. Unter der Diamorphinsubstitution verbesserten sich der körperliche und psychische Gesundheitszustand sowie die soziale Integration der Patienten. Die Rahmenbedingungen sind gesetzlich geregelt. So gibt es bestimmte Aufnahmekriterien die erfüllt sein müssen, ebenso wie es organisatorische und personelle Voraussetzungen zu erfüllen gilt. Eine Ambulanz für diamorphingestützte Behandlung muss an allen Tagen im Jahr für 12 h geöffnet sein. Aktuell gibt es in Deutschland 9 Ambulanzen, in denen insgesamt ca. 570 Patienten behandelt werden. Dort erhalten sie 2- bis 3-mal täglich Diamorphin, das sie sich selbst vor Ort injizieren. Zu den wichtigsten Nebenwirkungen gehören die Sedierung, Obstipation, Juckreiz, Exantheme, Schwitzen und Libidoverminderung. Für die Zukunft der diamorphingestützten Behandlung ergeben sich einige Herausforderungen, wie insbesondere Maßnahmen zur Ausweitung der Behandlung hinsichtlich Patienten- und Ambulanzzahlen, eine kritische Hinterfragung der Aufnahmekriterien, die Erweiterung des Substitutionsspektrums um orales Diamorphin und den Umgang mit komorbidem Substanzkonsum der Patienten.
Supramolecular Polymer Materials: Chain Extension of Telechelic Polymers Using a Reactive Hydrogen-Bonding Synthon (2000)

Functionalizing the termini of low-molecular-weight telechelic polymers with strongly associating hydrogen bonding units (see Figure) results in a new set of supramolecular materials, as reported here. These materials possess the unique combination of polymer-like properties at room temperature and monomer-like properties at elevated temperatures.
Immunoregulatory effects triggered by immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 strain involve efficient phagocytosis in porcine antigen presenting cells (2016)

Microbial recognition in APCs could be effectively mediated through ligand-receptor interactions that then mediate phagocytosis and signaling. For the immunobiotic strain TL2937, TLR2 has a partial role for its interaction with porcine APCs and it is necessary to investigate the role of other receptors. A challenge for future research will be advance in the full understanding of the molecular interactions of immunobiotic L. jensenii TL2937 with porcine APCs that will be crucial for the successful development of functional feeds for the porcine host. This study is a step in that direction.
Fully Immersive Virtual Reality for Skull-base Surgery: Surgical Training and Beyond (2023)

Purpose: A virtual reality (VR) system, where surgeons can practice procedures on virtual anatomies, is a scalable and cost-effective alternative to cadaveric training. The fully digitized virtual surgeries can also be used to assess the surgeon's skills using measurements that are otherwise hard to collect in reality. Thus, we present the Fully Immersive Virtual Reality System (FIVRS) for skull-base surgery, which combines surgical simulation software with a high-fidelity hardware setup. Methods: FIVRS allows surgeons to follow normal clinical workflows inside the VR environment. FIVRS uses advanced rendering designs and drilling algorithms for realistic bone ablation. A head-mounted display with ergonomics similar to that of surgical microscopes is used to improve immersiveness. Extensive multi-modal data is recorded for post-analysis, including eye gaze, motion, force, and video of the surgery. A user-friendly interface is also designed to ease the learning curve of using FIVRS. Results: We present results from a user study involving surgeons with various levels of expertise. The preliminary data recorded by FIVRS differentiates between participants with different levels of expertise, promising future research on automatic skill assessment. Furthermore, informal feedback from the study participants about the system's intuitiveness and immersiveness was positive. Conclusion: We present FIVRS, a fully immersive VR system for skull-base surgery. FIVRS features a realistic software simulation coupled with modern hardware for improved realism. The system is completely open-source and provides feature-rich data in an industry-standard format.