gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Intramolecular Photocycloadditions of 2‐Acyloxy‐3‐hexenoyl Cyclohexenones: Diastereoselectivity in the Intramolecular [2 + 2] Photocycloadditions of Alkenes and Cyclohexenones Tethered by Four Atoms. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultra-low Stress SiO2 Ion Beam Deposition Coatings (2019)

Ion beam sputtered films typically have high compressive stress. By using high energy primary ions to sputter a SiO2 target and high energy ions from an assist source with an O2 plasma the compressive stress of SiO2 can be significantly reduced down to 62MPa.
Towards synergistic control of hands-on needle insertion with automated needle steering for MRI-guided prostate interventions (2016)

A significant hurdle of accurate needle tip placement in percutaneous needle-based prostate interventions is unmodeled needle deflection and tissue deformation during insertion. This paper introduces a robotic platform for developing synergistic, cooperatively controlled needle insertion algorithms decoupled from closed-loop image-guided needle steering. Shared control of the surgical workspace through human-robot synergy creates a balance between the accuracy of robotic autonomy while still providing ultimate control of the procedure to the physician. Validation tests were performed using camera-based image-guided feedback control of needle steering with cooperative hands-on needle insertion. Locations were targeted inside a transparent gelatin phantom with an average total error of 2.68 ± 0.34mm and in-plane error of 2.59 ± 0.30mm.
Transmission and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (1983)

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was isolated from goat milk and transmitted most efficiently to kids through both milk and colostrum. In addition, it appeared that transmissions through other secretions of the doe occurred, but were less important than transmission in milk and colostrum. Intrauterine infection may have occurred in 2 of 32 cesarean-derived goats, but postpartum horizontal transmission could not be ruled out. Transmission by the aerosol route was not demonstrated, and even short-term direct contact between virus-infected bucks and virus-free does during breeding did not result in transmission. Prolonged direct contact for over 12 months between weaned cesarean-derived goats and virus-infected goats was necessary before horizontal transmission could be demonstrated under nondairy conditions. However, when uninfected does were milked with infected does, a high percentage became infected in less than 10 months. Heat inactivation (56 C) reduced approximately 10(5) median tissue culture infective doses of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus to below titratable levels, and virus was not transmitted to kids fed virus-infected colostrum that had been heated at 56 C for 1 hour. A program of eradication is discussed in which kids are removed from their dams at birth, fed safe sources of colostrum and milk, and isolated from other goats until weaning.
Sequence Prediction Under Missing Data : An RNN Approach Without Imputation (2022)

Missing data scenarios are very common in ML applications in general and time-series/sequence applications are no exceptions. This paper pertains to a novel Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based solution for sequence prediction under missing data. Our method is distinct from all existing approaches. It tries to encode the missingness patterns in the data directly without trying to impute data either before or during model building. Our encoding is lossless and achieves compression. It can be employed for both sequence classification and forecasting. We focus on forecasting here in a general context of multi-step prediction in presence of possible exogenous inputs. In particular, we propose novel variants of Encoder-Decoder (Seq2Seq) RNNs for this. The encoder here adopts the above mentioned pattern encoding, while at the decoder which has a different structure, multiple variants are feasible. We demonstrate the utility of our proposed architecture via multiple experiments on both single and multiple sequence (real) data-sets. We consider both scenarios where (i)data is naturally missing and (ii)data is synthetically masked.
State of the Art and Science in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction (2015)

Innovative approaches to breast reconstruction have evolved to provide restorative healing for patients and hasten return to their modern, active lifestyles.
335: Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity with statins provides acute-graft-versus-host disease protection by Th-2 cytokine induction while sparing graft-versus-leukemia activity (2007)

The beneficial impact of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) on autoimmunity and allograft rejection is well documented. To investigate whether statins are capable of protecting from acute graft vs host disease (aGVHD) we utilized an established murine model (FVB/N into Balb/c). Type II statins were potent inducers of a T-helper cell (Th)-2 cytokine profile in the adoptively transferred T cells upon exposure in vitro or in vivo. Expansion of alloreactive luciferase transgenic T cells as measured by total body light emission was significantly reduced by donor pre-treatment (10mg/kg) or in vitro T cell treatment (10nM) with atorvastatin (AT vs PBS; p=0.0008). The beneficial effect of statin treatment translated into significantly reduced aGvHD lethality in statin as compared to PBS treated animals. Th-2 biased donor T cells could be tracked until day 25 after BMT. Host treatment prior to transplantation induced down-regulation of the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 and MHC class II on recipient APCs and enhanced the protective statin effect when donor and recipient were treated (survival AT vs PBS, p=0.0012). Induction of the Th-2 cytokine profile was still permissive for in vivo graft vs leukemia effects by cytolytic effector function of CD8+ T cells against A20 B-cell lymphoma cells as assessed by bioluminescence imaging, histology and survival. In vitro CD8+ T cells derived from AT treated animals displayed equal cytolytic activity against Yac1 T-cell lymphoma cells as compared to T cells derived from PBS treated animals. Mechanistically we identified a role for the STAT-6 pathway in statin induced Th-2 induction as aGvHD protection was partially reversed with STAT-6-/- donors. Since L-mevalonate produced by the HMG-CoA reductase is the precursor of non steroidal isoprenoid compounds, such as farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, the statin impact on prenylation status of critical signaling proteins in alloreactive T cells was determined. In vitro AT treatment reduced the levels of RAP-1, RhoB and Ras prenylation in allo-antigen exposed T cells and abrogated expression of T-bet which is critical for Th1 induction. We conclude that type II statins have significant protective impact on aGvHD lethality by Th-2 cytokine induction and inhibition of an uncontrolled Th-1 response, without reduction of GvL activity which is of great clinical relevance given the widespread use and well defined toxicity profile of these agents.
A High-Fat/High-Protein, Atkins-Type Diet Exacerbates <i>Clostridioides</i> ( <i>Clostridium</i> ) <i>difficile</i> Infection in Mice, whereas a High-Carbohydrate Diet Protects (2020)

<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (formerly <i>Clostridium difficile</i>) infection (CDI) can result from the disruption of the resident gut microbiota. Western diets and popular weight-loss diets drive large changes in the gut microbiome; however, the literature is conflicted with regard to the effect of diet on CDI. Using the hypervirulent strain <i>C. difficile</i> R20291 (RT027) in a mouse model of antibiotic-induced CDI, we assessed disease outcome and microbial community dynamics in mice fed two high-fat diets in comparison with a high-carbohydrate diet and a standard rodent diet. The two high-fat diets exacerbated CDI, with a high-fat/high-protein, Atkins-like diet leading to severe CDI and 100% mortality and a high-fat/low-protein, medium-chain-triglyceride (MCT)-like diet inducing highly variable CDI outcomes. In contrast, mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet were protected from CDI, despite the high levels of refined carbohydrate and low levels of fiber in the diet. A total of 28 members of the <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> and <i>Ruminococcaceae</i> decreased in abundance due to diet and/or antibiotic treatment; these organisms may compete with <i>C. difficile</i> for amino acids and protect healthy animals from CDI in the absence of antibiotics. Together, these data suggest that antibiotic treatment might lead to loss of <i>C. difficile</i> competitors and create a favorable environment for <i>C. difficile</i> proliferation and virulence with effects that are intensified by high-fat/high-protein diets; in contrast, high-carbohydrate diets might be protective regardless of the source of carbohydrate or of antibiotic-driven loss of <i>C. difficile</i> competitors.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The role of Western and weight-loss diets with extreme macronutrient composition in the risk and progression of CDI is poorly understood. In a longitudinal study, we showed that a high-fat/high-protein, Atkins-type diet greatly exacerbated antibiotic-induced CDI, whereas a high-carbohydrate diet protected, despite the high monosaccharide and starch content. Our study results, therefore, suggest that popular high-fat/high-protein weight-loss diets may enhance CDI risk during antibiotic treatment, possibly due to the synergistic effects of a loss of the microorganisms that normally inhibit <i>C. difficile</i> overgrowth and an abundance of amino acids that promote <i>C. difficile</i> overgrowth. In contrast, a high-carbohydrate diet might be protective, despite reports on the recent evolution of enhanced carbohydrate metabolism in <i>C. difficile</i>.
Nanoscale Electromechanical and Mechanical Imaging of Butterfly Wings by Scanning Probe Microscopy (2006)

Structure of a Vanessa virginiensis butterfly wing has been studied on length scales from 50 m to 10 nm using a combination of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques. Local variations in mechanical properties detected by Ultrasonic Force Microscopy and Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy demonstrate imaging with the spatial resolution of about 10 nm, which exceeds the resolution of conventional SPM topographic imaging. The butterfly wings are shown to exhibit a piezoelectric behavior, which is attributed to the presence of chitin fibers with a characteristic piezoelectric constant of the order of 1 pm/V. It is suggested that orientation of chitin can be determined in real space on the nanometer level by measuring the vector piezoelectric response of the sample, thus providing a novel structural characterization tool for biological systems.
Cytotoxicity of an unprecedented brominated oleanolide and a new furoceramide from the Cameroonian spice, <i>Echinops giganteus</i> (2016)

A preliminary study on Echinops giganteus (Asteraceae) showed that the methanolic extract has interesting cytotoxicities against a panel of cancer cell lines. From this extract, a lignan, a flavonoid and a polyacetylenic thiophene identified were three times less cytotoxic than the extract. In the search of the metabolites responsible for the bioactivity, a new harvested E. giganteus was subjected to a phytochemical study using chromatographic methods. In the course of the work, two new compounds: a brominated oleanolide (1) and a tetrahydrofurano-ceramide (2) were obtained along with β-amyrin acetate (3), 2-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-5-(4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-thiophene (4), 2-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl)-thiophene (5) and 4-hydroxy-2,6-di-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo-(3.3.0)octane (6). Their structures were determined on the basis of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data in conjunction with those reported in the literature. The cytotoxicity of 1, 2 and 5 was evaluated by employing resazurin assay against a panel of cancer cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values in range 6.12 ± 0.46-46.96 ± 3.61 μM.
2-Aminoimidazoles from Leucetta Sponges: Synthesis and Biology of an Important Pharmacophore (2009)

This review will focus on the ability of the 2-aminoimidazole to occupy a unique subset of chemical space which makes it an ideal pharmacophore for the development of small molecule collections for discovery based research. These observations rely both on the use of 2-aminoimidazoles as building blocks in medicinal chemistry as well as the recent discovery of alkaloids from sponges of the genus Leucetta which exhibit a diverse range of biological activities around a relatively limited structural core. The preparation of these compounds will also be highlighted.
68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT imaging in Black versus White South African patients with prostate carcinoma presenting with a low volume, androgen-dependent biochemical recurrence (2017)

Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT imaging identified a recurrence in 67% of the patients under study. Higher PSA levels were associated with Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT positivity and the detection rate. Imaging results obtained proved similar in BSAs and WSAs, suggesting that the tumor burden and growth rate of ADPC are similar in both races.
Influence of HfO2 and SiO2 interfacial layers on the characteristics of n-GaN/HfSiO<i>x</i> capacitors using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (2021)

We investigated the growth per cycle (GPC) for SiO2 and HfO2 on n-GaN/native oxide and p-Si/SiO2 substrates by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition using tris(dimethylamino)silane and tetrakis(dimethylamino)hafnium precursors, respectively, and O2 plasma gases. On the basis of the estimated GPC, we also examined the characteristics of n-GaN/Hf0.57Si0.43Ox/Pt capacitors with an inserted interfacial layer (IL) such as subnanometer-thick HfO2 and SiO2. We found that the GPC for SiO2 on n-GaN/native oxide was slightly smaller than that on p-Si/SiO2, whereas the GPC for HfO2 was the same on both substrates. The GPC for ALD-SiO2 could be reasonably plotted on the basis of the relationship between the GPC and the difference in electronegativity between the metal and oxygen in the metal-O underlayers including native oxide (Ga2O3) on GaN. On the basis of the GPC on n-GaN, Hf0.57Si0.43Ox (23 nm) capacitors were fabricated without and with a HfO2-IL (0.3 and 0.5 nm) or SiO2-IL (0.3 and 0.6 nm). These capacitors exhibited similar leakage current properties and a high breakdown electric field greater than 8.3 MV cm−1. No frequency dispersion and a flatband voltage (Vfb) hysteresis smaller than 50 mV were observed for all of the capacitors. Compared with the SiO2-IL [Si-rich HfSiOx (Si: &amp;gt; 0.43)] capacitors, the HfO2-IL [Hf-rich HfSiOx (Hf: &amp;gt; 0.57)] capacitors showed a smaller interface state density [(1.2–1.7) × 1011 cm−2 eV−1 at −0.4 eV from the conduction band] and a smaller negative Vfb shift. Therefore, the Hf-rich HfSiOx (Hf: &amp;gt; 0.57) grown using a HfO2-IL at the n-GaN/HfSiOx interface plays a substantial role in improving the electrical properties of n-GaN/HfSiOx capacitors.
Chromogranin A in heart failure. A novel neurohumoral factor and a predictor for mortality (2002)

CgA is a pro-hormone, precursor of several active fragments likely to exert biological effects in chronic heart failure. CgA serum levels are increased in patients with chronic heart failure and are a predictive factor for mortality.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Gene Expression Profiling using Nanostring Digital RNA Counting to Identify Potential Target Antigens for Melanoma Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 198K, Supplemental Figure S1. PCA for tumor samples (n=59) based on site metastatic deposit of resected tumor.&lt;/p&gt;
Data Selection and Evaluation (2016)

Complex formation between PbII and the common environmental inorganic ligands, Cl–, OH–, CO32–, SO42–, and PO43–, can be significant in natural waters with low concentrations of organic matter. Numerical modeling of the speciation of PbII amongst these inorganic ligands requires reliable values for the relevant stability (formation) constants. This paper provides a critical review of such constants and related thermodynamic data. It recommends values of log10βp,q,r° valid at Im = 0 mol kg–1 and 25 °C (298.15 K), along with the equations and empirical coefficients required to calculate log10βp,q,r values at higher ionic strengths using the Brønsted–Guggenheim–Scatchard specific ion interaction theory (SIT). Some values for reaction enthalpies, ΔrH, are also reported.
Combustion and Emission Problems in Methane Fueled Ram Combustor for a Hypersonic Transport Engine. (1994)

This paper presents design problems of a ramengine combustor which is supposed to operate in the flight speed range between Mach numbers 3 to 5. Two types of model combustors were tested. Main aims were to examine their flame holding ability and to measure the pollutant emission along the predicted operational conditions. It was found that both combustors, satisfying required pressure loss, could not sustain stable flame at flight Mach number 3 condition. The improvement strategy is discussed. NOx emission was measured at temperatures ranging up to 1050K in electrically heated air. An experimentally derived correlation was used to predict NOx emission levels for the cruise flight condition of the engine. Present results lead to the conclusion that homogeneous combustion is a prerequisite for improving the combustor performance as well as for reducing NOx emission.
Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography in Video-Rate and 3D Imaging of Contact Lens Wear (2007)

SOCT allows video-rate and three-dimensional cross-sectional imaging of the eye fitted with a contact lens. The analysis of both imaging modes suggests the future applicability of this technology to the contact lens field.
Metal-gate/high-&amp;#x043A; CMOS scaling from Si to Ge at small EOT (2010)

Continuously down-scaling EOT and improving mobility are required for CMOS device. Small 0.6~1 nm EOT and low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> of ~0.15 V are achieved in CMOS by using higher κ gate dielectric and novel process. The ultimate EOT scaling is limited by the inserted ultra-thin SiON interfacial layer in high-κ/Si to reduce the mobility degradation. Further mobility improvement is obtained by using Ge channel MOSFET that has 2.5X better high-field hole effective mobility than the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si universal mobility at an E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> of 1 MV/cm.
Coupled oscillations of double-walled carbon nanotubes (2010)

A study of the coupled axial and angular oscillations of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) was performed using molecular dynamics simulations. In order to determine the oscillation frequencies inner and outer shells have been assumed to behave as rigid bodies, a 6–12 Lennard–Jones potential was used to model the van der Waals forces between them, and friction was neglected. Armchair (5, 5)/(10, 10) configurations, with tube lengths in the range of 25–1000 Å were investigated. The axial oscillation frequency was found to be a decreasing function of the DWNT length L (∼78 GHz for L=25 Å and ∼2 GHz for L=1000 Å). The angular oscillation frequency was found to be nearly constant at ∼58 GHz, independent of the DWNT length. In addition, sustained high-frequency angular motion can be maintained for sufficiently long DWNT (on the order of a few nanometers). For shorter DWNTs, the angular motion can be altered by interference with the axial motion, and becomes irregular.
VLSI microfluidic well plates for combinatorial chemistry (2008)

Well plates with microliter-sized well are routinely used for a wide range of chemical and biological screening experiments. Further downscaling as enabled by microfluidic networks will increase the number of conditions that can be screened with the same amount of often-precious material. Here we present a microfluidic well plate composed of pL-sized wells designed with a novel actuate-to-open (ATO) valving architecture. This reusable well plate can discretely mix 200 pL half-wells in a 4x4 matrix to test for sixteen possible combinations. The device has also been integrated with a photonic crystal biosensor to determine binding events that occur upon mixing.
Conceptual design of rigidly framed structures using optimization methods (1994)

An automated method for the minimum weight sizing design of rigidly framed structures is presented. The implementation consists of structural and sensitivity analysis modules as well as a mathematical optimization module. These modules are included in a data management and interpretive system for convenient user interface and program development. Three design studies, ranging from a four-member to a 30-member structure, were conducted to demonstrate the optimization capabilities. The structures are subjected to multiple load cases and variable linking is applied. In contrast to the results of previous analyses conducted on the same problem, the current analyses result in unsymmetric optimum configurations, with optimum weights significantly smaller in some of the examples.
'n Outomatiese metode vir snitgroottebepaling van starraamwerke vir die doeleinde van gewigsminimering word bespreek. Die rekenaarimplementering bestaan uit struktuur- en sensitiwiteitsanalisemodules asook 'n wiskundige optimeringsmodule. Hierdie modules is geintegreer in 'n datahantering- en vertalingstelsel vir gerieflike gebruikersintervlak en programontwikkeling. Drie ontwerpstudies, insluitend 'n 30-elementraam, is gedoen om die optimeringsvermoe te illustreer. Veelvuldige lasgevalle is toegepas en koppeling van ontwerpveranderlikes is ook geimplementeer. In teestelling met die resultate van vorige analises van dieselfde voorbeelde, het die resultate van die huidige analises onsimmetriese geometriee tot gevolg gehad, met kleiner minimum gewigte in sommige van die voorbeelde.