gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coded Caching in Land Mobile Satellite Systems (2022)

We investigate the performance of coded caching in land mobile-satellite (LMS) systems, where a satellite station with full access to a content library serves K cache-aided land users. The promising gains that coded caching provides for the error-free shared-link Broadcast Channel are known to suffer in some low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. For this reason, we analyze to what extent the coded caching gains are preserved in LMS systems, which are governed by low-to-moderate SNR due to the long propagation distances. We model the satellite-terrestrial channels through the widely adopted Shadowed-Rician fading, and we show that the coded caching gains are partially preserved even in the low-SNR limit due to the existence of line-of-sight (LOS) components, which allows us to double the goodput of LMS communication at low SNR. These results illustrate the potential of coded caching in LMS systems and motivate further research to design adapted and practical coded caching schemes for LMS systems.
Syntheses and structures of [(Me3N)3SiNHLi]4, (C4H8O)Al[NHSi(NMe2)3]3, ((Me2N)3SiNH)3Al and Li(THF)2+[((Me2N)3SiNH)4Al]– (2003)

The preparation of lithium tris(dimethylamino)silylamide, [(Me3N)3SiNHLi]4, 2, and its reaction with aluminium trichloride to give tris(dimethylamino)silylamino)(tetrahydrofuran)alane, (C4H8O)Al[NHSi(NMe2)3]3, 3, and bis(tetrahydrofuran)lithium tetrakis(tris(dimethylamino)silylamino)alanate, Li(THF)2+[((Me2N)3SiNH)4Al]−, 6, is reported, together with the crystal structures of 2, 3 and 6. Tris(dimethylamino)alane, ((Me2N)3SiNH)3Al, was obtained by reaction of tris(dimethylamino)silylamine with aluminium triethyl. The ammonolytic gelation of 3 to an imidoaluminosilicate gel is also described.
Studies on the Morphogenesis of Murine Cytomegalovirus (1986)

Two modes of assembly of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were observed in cultured mouse embryo fibroblasts, generating two morphologically different types of viral particles: monocapsid virions and multicapsid virions. The assembly of nucleocapsids appeared to be the same for both types of morphogenesis. Three successive stages of intranuclear capsid formation could be distinguished: capsids with electron-lucent cores, coreless capsids, and capsids with dense cores. Some of the capsids were enveloped at the inner nuclear membrane to form monocapsid virions, which were first detectable in the perinuclear cisterna. Other capsids left the nucleus via nuclear pores and usually entered cytoplasmic capsid aggregates that received an envelope by budding into extended cytoplasmic vacuoles, thereby forming multicapsid virions. Since the formation of multicapsid virions is not restricted to cell culture conditions and also occurs in vivo in immunosuppressed mice, multicapsid virions may play a role in the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus infection.
Establishing the excitation field in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to study nanostructures within two-dimensional systems (2022)

Abstract The optical field generated by a nanoplasmonic probe is revealed in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) experiments. The TERS intensity profile of nano-objects smaller than the probe’s apex has a donut-like shape which resembles the magnitude of the field generated by a point-dipole source, being well described by the Dyadic Green’s function. Having prior knowledge on the excitation field generated by the TERS probe, we measured the width of shear solitons caused by lattice reconstruction in low-angle twisted bilayer graphene, a prominent platform for twistronics, and the extend of defect-induced light emission from graphene edges.
Visualization of Subconjunctival Lymphatics and Its Significance (2008)

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Customized analog circuit design for fiber-based optical coherence microscopy (2006)

Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is an interferometric method for acquiring high-resolution, depth-resolved, en face images. In this article we demonstrate a fiber-based OCM system with analog fringe generation and signal demodulation. A high power operational amplifier drives a mirrored piezoelectric stack mounted in the reference arm of the interferometer causing a displacement equal to 0.42 times the light source center wavelength. The drive signal is synchronized with the demodulation frequency of two analog lock-in amplifiers which extract the first and second harmonics of the interferometric component of the signal. Four outputs (X and Y components of first and second harmonics) are acquired with a data-acquisition board and combined to eliminate the slow phase drift in the interferometer. A sample image of carrot tap root is presented. High dynamic range images are obtained at acquisition speeds up to 40000pixels∕s.
Simulation of complex plasmonic circuits including bends (2011)

Using a finite-element, full-wave modeling approach, we present a flexible method of analyzing and simulating dielectric and plasmonic waveguide structures as well as their mode coupling. This method is applied to an integrated plasmonic circuit where a straight dielectric waveguide couples through a straight hybrid long-range plasmon waveguide to a uniformly bent hybrid one. The hybrid waveguide comprises a thin metal core embedded in a two-dimensional dielectric waveguide. The performance of such plasmonic circuits in terms of insertion losses is discussed.
A Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Bonding in the Complex of Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase with NADH and <i>N</i>-Cyclohexylformamide (1998)

The binding of N-cyclohexylformamide (CXF) to the complex of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase with NADH mimics that of the Michaelis complex for aldehyde reduction catalyzed by the enzyme. The Raman spectra of bound CXF and its 13C- and 15N-substituted derivatives have been obtained using Raman difference techniques, and the results are compared with CXF spectra in aqueous solution and in methylene chloride. The results indicate that the amide N-H bond is trans to the C=O bond of CXF both in solution and in the enzyme ternary complex. The C=O stretch and N-H bending modes of the amide of CXF shift -16 and -9 cm-1, respectively, in the enzyme ternary complex relative to that in aqueous solution and -48 and 36 cm-1, respectively, relative to that in methylene chloride. Ab initio normal mode calculations on various model systems of CXF show that the observed frequency changes of the C=O stretch mode have contributions from the frequency changes induced by the environmental changes near both the local C=O bond and the remote N-H bond. The same is true for the observed N-H bending frequency change. Our calculations also show that the environmentally induced frequency changes are additive so that it is possible to determine the C=O stretch (or N-H bending) frequency change that is due to the local interaction change near the C=O (or N-H) bond from the observed frequency changes. On the basis of these results and the empirical relationship between the C=O stretch frequency shift and the interaction enthalpy change on the C=O bond developed here, it is found that the C=O group of CXF in the enzyme/NADH/CXF complex binds with a favorable interaction enthalpy of approximately 5.5 kcal/mol relative to water. Similar analysis suggests that the N-H moiety of CXF is destabilized in the ternary complex by about 1.5 kcal/mol relative to water but is stabilized by about 1.5 kcal/mol relative to a hydrophobic environment. The analysis describes quantitatively the binding of the C=O of CXF with the catalytic zinc and the hydroxyl group of Ser-48 and the interaction of the N-H with the benzene ring of Phe-93 of the enzyme.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NOVEL AROMATIC POLYAMIDES HAVING PENDANT<i>N,N′</i>-DIPHENYL IMIDE GROUPS (2001)

Abstract We have investigated a novel monomer having two pendant phenyl imido groups for preparing new aromatic polyamides. Novel polyamides were synthesized by direct polycondensation reaction with the N,N′-diphenyl-2,3,5,6-diimido benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid chloride (PIBAC) and some aromatic diamines such as p-phenylene diamine, 4,4′-oxydianiline and 4,4′-methylene dianiline. Inherent viscosity of the resulting polyamides are in the range 0.20–0.85 dl/g range. The decomposition temperature of these polyamides are ranged from 350–450°C and the ash contents of them orders MDA > ODA > SDA according to the kinds of the diamines used. In addition, the solubility of these polyamides is very good in aprotic solvents such as DMAc,NMP, and DMF. A transparent flexible and tough film was cast. Keywords: Aromatic polyamidePendant imide group ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful to the National Research Laboratotory (NRL) 2000 program (Plastic Optical Fiber) by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP) for financial support. This work was supported by the Research Fund of Hanyang University (Project No. HYU-98-014).
Photothermal therapy enhanced the effectiveness of imiquimod against refractory cutaneous warts through boosting immune responses (2018)

Refractory cutaneous warts are difficult to eliminate. In situ photo-immunotherapy (ISPI) is an innovative treatment concept combining local photothermal therapy (PTT) and topical immunotherapy using imiquimod. To compare the efficacy of ISPI vs topical imiquimod alone, a prospective randomized controlled trial was performed with patients suffering from refractory cutaneous warts. In both groups, approximately 50% of the skin surface containing warts was treated for 6 weeks. On the basis of topical imiquimod, ISPI includes an additional 808 nm laser irradiation. Treatment response, temperatures during irradiation and histopathologic examination were evaluated. The complete response rate in the ISPI-group (22/36, 61.1%) was significantly higher than in the imiquimod alone group (11/34, 32.4%). In the ISPI-group, the mean maximum temperature was 44.5 ± 5.1°C, and obvious lymphocytic infiltration was found in the perivasculature of the dermis. There was no recurrence or worsening in both groups during the 12-month follow-up. No obvious adverse reaction was observed. This study demonstrates that ISPI can be used as an effective and safe treatment modality for refractory cutaneous warts.
The effect of ionophores and related agents on the induction of doming in a rat mammary epithelial cell line (1985)

Addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the mammotropic hormones prolactin, hydrocortisone, insulin, and estradiol to confluent cultures of the epithelial cell line Rat Mammary (Rama) 25 increases dramatically the formation of domes in the cell monolayer after 48-72 hr. Associated with the increase in doming is an increase of 24% in the activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase. Both Ca2+ (A23187) and Na+ (monensin, gramicidin J, melittin) ionophores can replace DMSO in inducing domes, whilst the K+ ionophore valinomycin inhibits doming. However, there are no synergistic nor additive effects, respectively, with suboptimal or optimal concentrations of A23187 and melittin together. Ouabain, at concentrations which inhibit the Na/K ATPase in vitro, and amiloride, at concentrations reported to inhibit the passive transport of Na+, both inhibit completely the formation of domes induced by DMSO, A23187, and melittin. EGTA, however, inhibits only the induction of doming by DMSO and A23187; it is without effect with melittin. A23187 and melittin induce the major polypeptide changes that occur in doming cultures with DMSO, and most of these changes are also inhibited with ouabain. It is suggested that one possible interpretation of the findings is that the induction of doming by DMSO in Rama 25 cells occurs by means of sequential increases in Ca2+ and Na+ influxes into the cell, and that the increased intracellular concentration of Na+ so produced stimulates the Na+/K+ ATPase, with a net effect of pumping liquid beneath the cellular monolayer.
Unlocking Digitalization in Forest Operations with Viewshed Analysis to Improve GNSS Positioning Accuracy (2023)

This study evaluated the positioning accuracy of moving forest harvesters using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals under a forest canopy, and developed approaches for forecasting accuracy under a mature spruce canopy cover. Real-time kinematic positioning with a Trimble R12 receiver on top of a harvester achieved high positioning accuracy, with 86% of observations meeting a maximum precision of 8 mm. However, the presence of a canopy cover hampered the GNSS’s performance as there were fewer satellites available, leading to an increased number of inaccurate positions and larger values of the dilution of precision in geometry (GDOP), position (PDOP), vertical (VDOP) and horizontal directions (HDOP). The canopy cover estimated from the viewshed analysis of the digital surface model (DSM) was found to be a significant predictor of the dilution of precision and maximum deviation from the true position. These findings suggest that viewshed analysis provides more precise results than a mere canopy cover percentage for evaluating the impact of canopy cover on the GNSS’s positioning of a harvester, despite its computational demands. Developing intelligent algorithms for precise positioning under the canopy can facilitate autonomous harvesting and forwarding, allowing for the implementation of digitalization in forest operations.
Galanin Receptors in a Hamster Pancreatic β-Cell Tumor: Identification and Molecular Characterization (1987)

High affinity binding sites for galanin are identified and characterized in membranes from a hamster pancreatic beta-cell tumor. Using the radioiodinated peptide [125I] galanin, interaction of the peptide with pancreatic membranes is shown to be saturable, reversible, and time, temperature, membrane protein concentration, pH, and ionic strength dependent. In optimized equilibrium conditions of binding (90 min at 10 C), native galanin competitively inhibits the binding of [125I]galanin in a dose-dependent manner (from 10(-11)-10(-8) M); half-maximal inhibition is induced by 1 nM peptide. Scatchard analysis indicates the existence of a single population of sites of high affinity (Kd = 1.5 nM) and low capacity (44 fmol/mg protein). The monophasic dissociation process confirms the homogeneity of galanin-binding sites. Galanin-binding sites are highly specific, since apart from native galanin, none of the numerous biologically active peptides tested competes with [125I] galanin for binding to pancreatic membranes. The cross-linking of [125I]galanin to beta-cell membranes is performed using the chemical bifunctional reagent ethylene glycol bis-(succinimidyl succinate). After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis in the presence or absence of dithiothreitol, one single band of 57,000 mol wt is observed, which may be corresponding to the [125I]galanin-receptor complex. Indeed, labeling of this 57,000 mol wt component is abolished only by native galanin but is unaffected by various other digestive peptides. Assuming one molecule of [125I]galanin is bound per molecule of protein, a 54,000 mol wt protein is identified as the pancreatic galanin receptor. In conclusion, our results indicate for the first time the identification of galanin receptors. Their presence in pancreatic beta-cells suggests a direct role of galanin in regulating endocrine beta-cell function.
Enhanced taxane uptake into bladder tissues following co‐administration with either mitomycin C, doxorubicin or gemcitabine: association to exfoliation processes (2018)

The exfoliation effects of MMC, doxorubicin and gemcitabine allow for good tissue penetration of these drugs with no additional effect from CNP treatment of bladders. The observed exfoliation effect of these amine-containing drugs probably arises from a cationic interaction with the mucus and urothelium cell layer in a manner similar to that previously reported for CNPs. These studies suggest that the lack of long-term clinical efficacy of these drugs may not arise from poor intravesical drug penetration but may result from a rapid diffusion of the drugs into the deeper vascularised muscular region with rapid drug clearance. The enhanced uptake of PTX or DTX following co-administration with MMC, doxorubicin or gemcitabine probably arises from the removal of the urothelial barrier by exfoliation allowing for improved taxane partitioning into superficial layers. These effects may allow for dual drug intravesical strategies offering greatly improved taxane uptake and potential additive drug effects for improved efficacy.
Nanoscale surface and subsurface defects induced in lithium niobate by a femtosecond laser (2003)

In this letter, electron and ion microscopy techniques have been used to characterize the changes that result when single crystals of lithium niobate are processed using a focused femtosecond laser. The prevailing observation is that of competing processes—ablation and partial redeposition, thermal shock, and extreme quenching, as well as effects associated with shock wave propagation, resulting in both amorphization and heavily defective regions at the focal point of the laser pulse. The observed microstructural defects have a direct implication in optical memory or waveguide writing, where the goal is to realize consistent structural features with uniform optical properties.
A Portfolio View of Consumer Credit (2005)

This paper takes a portfolio view of consumer credit. Default models (credit-risk scores) estimate the probability of default of individual loans. But to compute risk-adjusted returns, lenders also need to know the covariances of the returns on their loans with aggregate returns. Covariances are independently relevant for lenders who care directly about the volatility of their portfolios, e.g., because of Value-at-Risk considerations or the structure of the securitization market. Cross-sectional differences in these covariances also provide insight into the nature of the shocks hitting different types of consumers.
Fast Point and Element Search Method in Adaptive Remeshing Procedure and Its Applications (2011)

The FPES (fast point and element search) method is a useful and efficient strategy for node field transfer from old mesh to the new mesh in adaptive remeshing procedure. The FE mesh after adaptive remeshing with various error estimates will be refined at local region, and the mesh after adaptive remeshing has the heterogeneous density distribution. The FPES has the capacity to define the nearest search path adapting to the mesh with heterogeneous density distribution. It is a point location process which includes point searching, point location in element, and weight factor distribution. This strategy has been integrated to our finite element adaptive remeshing simulations, and it works well and rapidly. The three-dimension finite element numerical simulation of simply tensile test, orthogonal cutting, and metal milling process is given out to study its accuracy and efficiency.
Comparative Evaluation of Contact Ultrasonography and Transcystic Cholangiography During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Study (1995)

Laparoscopic contact ultrasonography proved to be extremely accurate in the detection of ductal stones but less reliable in the disclosure of anomalous biliary anatomy. The essential role of IOC in providing a clear spatial display of the biliary tract was confirmed. Since the two procedures are complementary, their combined use is advisable in difficult LC to avoid retained common bile duct stones and prevent iatrogenic complications.
The Arabidopsis MIEL1 E3 ligase negatively regulates ABA signalling by promoting protein turnover of MYB96 (2016)

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant responses to various environmental challenges. Controlled protein turnover is an important component of ABA signalling. Here we show that the RING-type E3 ligase MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 (MIEL1) regulates ABA sensitivity by promoting MYB96 turnover in Arabidopsis. Germination of MIEL1-deficient mutant seeds is hypersensitive to ABA, whereas MIEL1-overexpressing transgenic seeds are less sensitive. MIEL1 can interact with MYB96, a regulator of ABA signalling, and stimulate its ubiquitination and degradation. Genetic analysis shows that MYB96 is epistatic to MIEL1 in the control of ABA sensitivity in seeds. While MIEL1 acts primarily via MYB96 in seed germination, MIEL1 regulates protein turnover of both MYB96 and MYB30 in vegetative tissues. We find that ABA regulates the expression of MYB30-responsive genes during pathogen infection and this regulation is partly dependent on MIEL1. These results suggest that MIEL1 may facilitate crosstalk between ABA and biotic stress signalling.
Astaxanthin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress and Memory Dysfunction through Inactivation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway (2019)

Astaxanthin (AXT), a xanthophyll carotenoid compound, has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are significant in the pathogenesis and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we studied whether AXT could alleviate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and memory loss in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered mice model. Additionally, we investigated the anti-oxidant activity and the anti-neuroinflammatory response of AXT in LPS-treated BV-2 microglial cells. The AXT administration ameliorated LPS-induced memory loss. This effect was associated with the reduction of LPS-induced expression of inflammatory proteins, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), cytokines and chemokines both in vivo and in vitro. AXT also reduced LPS-induced β-secretase and Aβ<sub>1⁻42</sub> generation through the down-regulation of amyloidogenic proteins both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, AXT suppressed the DNA binding activities of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We found that AXT directly bound to the DNA- binding domain (DBD) and linker domain (LD) domains of STAT3 using docking studies. The oxidative stress and inflammatory responses were not downregulated in BV-2 cells transfected with DBD-null STAT3 and LD-null STAT3. These results indicated AXT inhibits LPS-induced oxidant activity, neuroinflammatory response and amyloidogenesis via the blocking of STAT3 activity through direct binding.
Time-varying three-dimensional mapping of internal waves during the Shallow Water 2006 experiment (2013)

Formation and propagation of internal waves have recently become of interest to ocean acousticians, since the propagation of internal waves in shallow water waveguide plays an important role in intensity fluctuations of acoustic signals [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112(2), 747–760 (2007)]. Modeling the acoustic field in these regions requires detailed knowledge of sound speed and its spatial and temporal variability resulting from propagating internal waves. Although satellite imagery can provide snapshots of the surface impressions of the internal waves, due to low sampling in time (limited images in each orbit) other techniques to obtain the time varying, three-dimensional (3D) internal wave field are desirable. An example to obtain a time-varying, 3D internal wave field is presented in this paper. The internal wave fine structure is reconstructed using simultaneous measurement of temperature data using thermistor arrays and the surface impressions of a moving internal wave packet using a ship’s radar during the Shallow Water 2006 experiment (SW06). The parameters of the internal wave train, such as wave speed, propagation direction, and amplitude of the first wave front, are determined. The resulting temperature field induced by the internal waves is used as environmental input to a 3D acoustic model to study the effects of internal wave on acoustic propagation. [Work supported by ONR322OA.]