gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Best Practices (2021)

The chapter attempts to produce a few guidelines for pressure prediction. These guidelines for best practices are divided into three broad categories: subsurface geological habitat for pore pressure (geology), physics of pore pressure generation (models), and technology for subsurface prediction (tools). An integrated workflow should satisfy four important criteria: (1) the model should be geologically consistent, conforming to the geologic history; (2) model variability should be constrained by bounds derived from physical understanding of the rocks; (3) the model should agree with all available data from wells and seismic measurement; and (4) modeling uncertainty should be rigorously quantified. The chapter describes various approches for uncertainty quantification for pore pressure prediction.
Acceleration induced depriming and capillary rewetting of external artery heat pipes - Comparison with SHARE-II flight experiment (1993)

A combined analytical and numerical model for the analysis of the deprime and reprime/rewetting characteristics of two high-capacity external artery heat pipe designs undergoing externally induced accelerations was developed using several previously derived analytical expressions. Three distinct phases of the deprime and reprime/rewetting process were analyzed: (1) the effect of longitudinal accelerations on the depriming, (2) the time required for repriming of the liquid artery once the longitudinal acceleration has been terminated, and (3) the rewetting characteristics of the circumferential wall grooves. Combining the three processes, a technique was developed allowing the prediction of the effect of external acceleration on the characteristics of the external artery heat pipes. The predictions made with this technique agreed well with the microgravity flight results.
Motor Cortex Neurostimulation Technologies for Chronic Post-stroke Pain: Implications of Tissue Damage on Stimulation Currents (2016)

Background: Central post stroke pain (CPSP) is a highly refractory syndrome that can occur after stroke. Primary motor cortex (M1) brain stimulation using epidural brain stimulation (EBS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been explored as potential therapies for CPSP. These techniques have demonstrated variable clinical efficacy. It is hypothesized that changes in the stimulating currents that are caused by stroke-induced changes in brain tissue conductivity limit the efficacy of these techniques. Methods: We generated MRI-guided finite element models of the current density distributions in the human head and brain with and without chronic focal cortical infarctions during EBS, TMS, and tDCS. We studied the change in the stimulating current density distributions’ magnitude, orientation, and maxima locations between the different models. Results: Changes in electrical properties at stroke boundaries altered the distribution of stimulation currents in magnitude, location, and orientation. Current density magnitude alterations were larger for the non-invasive techniques (i.e., tDCS and TMS) than for EBS. Nonetheless, the lesion also altered currents during EBS. The spatial shift of peak current density, relative to the size of the stimulation source, was largest for EBS. Conclusion: In order to maximize therapeutic efficiency, neurostimulation trials need to account for the impact of anatomically disrupted neural tissues on the location, orientation, and magnitude of exogenously applied currents. The relative current-neuronal structure should be considered when planning stimulation treatment, especially across techniques (e.g., using TMS to predict EBS response). We postulate that the effects of altered tissue properties in stroke regions may impact stimulation induced analgesic effects and/or lead to highly variable outcomes during brain stimulation treatments in CPSP.
Examination of the Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk (2022)

The ABO blood group system has been linked with multiple infectious and non-infectious diseases and disorders such as, hepatitis B, dengue haemorrhagic fever, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hematologic disorders, metabolic diseases, malaria, etc. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the virus that causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), a respiratory infectious disease that has become a global pandemic. Several reports have investigated the role of ABO blood groups in susceptibility/resistance to various infectious Diseases, and have proposed that ABO blood group polymorphism may be linked with COVID-19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes, however, the results were questionable. It has been suggested that blood type O may have a protective role against COVID-19 infection, as blood group O individuals were found COVID-19 positive in lower levels. This could emonstrate that those Individuals are less susceptible to infection, or are asymptomatic in higher proportions, or may be associated with a slightly lower risk for severe COVID-19 disease. It has been hypothesized that the mentioned association can be probably explained by the configuration of distribution of the sialic acid-containing receptors on host cell surfaces induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, that could maximize or minimize the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein (S) binding to the host cell. The classical viral entry through the ACE-2 receptors can be prevented by the anti-A antibodies that are produced from O and B blood group individuals. Experimental models based on cellular lines suggested a possible explanation for blood type configuration of infection showing that S protein/ACE-2-dependent adhesion to ACE 2-expressing cells was especially inhibited by natural or monoclonal human anti-A antibodies. Consequently, non-A blood groups individuals, mainly O, or B blood group, that produce anti-A antibodies, may have a lesser degree of susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the inhibitory effects of anti-A antibodies. Therefore, it is possible that individuals with group A are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or manifestation of a severe status.
Data from Integrative Analysis of a Large Real-World Cohort of Small Cell Lung Cancer Identifies Distinct Genetic Subtypes and Insights into Histologic Transformation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant neuroendocrine carcinoma with dismal survival outcomes. A major barrier in the field has been the relative paucity of human tumors studied. Here we provide an integrated analysis of 3,600 “real-world” SCLC cases. This large cohort allowed us to identify new recurrent alterations and genetic subtypes, including &lt;i&gt;STK11-&lt;/i&gt;mutant tumors (1.7%) and &lt;i&gt;TP53/RB1&lt;/i&gt; wild-type tumors (5.5%), as well as rare cases that were human papillomavirus–positive. In our cohort, gene amplifications on 4q12 are associated with increased overall survival, whereas &lt;i&gt;CCNE1&lt;/i&gt; amplification is associated with decreased overall survival. We also identify more frequent alterations in the PTEN pathway in brain metastases. Finally, profiling cases of SCLC containing oncogenic drivers typically associated with NSCLC demonstrates that SCLC transformation may occur across multiple distinct molecular cohorts of NSCLC. These novel and unsuspected genetic features of SCLC may help personalize treatment approaches for this fatal form of cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Minimal changes in therapy and survival outcomes have occurred in SCLC for the past four decades. The identification of new genetic subtypes and novel recurrent mutations as well as an improved understanding of the mechanisms of transformation to SCLC from NSCLC may guide the development of personalized therapies for subsets of patients with SCLC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Uncertainty Driven Probabilistic Voxel Selection for Image Registration (2013)

This paper presents a novel probabilistic voxel selection strategy for medical image registration in time-sensitive contexts, where the goal is aggressive voxel sampling (e.g., using less than 1% of the total number) while maintaining registration accuracy and low failure rate. We develop a Bayesian framework whereby, first, a voxel sampling probability field (VSPF) is built based on the uncertainty on the transformation parameters. We then describe a practical, multi-scale registration algorithm, where, at each optimization iteration, different voxel subsets are sampled based on the VSPF. The approach maximizes accuracy without committing to a particular fixed subset of voxels. The probabilistic sampling scheme developed is shown to manage the tradeoff between the robustness of traditional random voxel selection (by permitting more exploration) and the accuracy of fixed voxel selection (by permitting a greater proportion of informative voxels).
A Bitrate-Conservative Fast-Adjusting Rate Controller for Video Conferencing (2017)

Widely-used Rate Control (RC) algorithms, such as those in the H.264 encoder, have certain shortcomings for time-sensitive applications such as High Definition Video Conferencing (HDVC): they either respond too slowly to available bandwidth variations, causing degradation in the perceived quality of the video session, or do not optimize video quality for a given available bandwidth. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose Dynamic Rate Control (DRC) which: 1- can adjust the bitrate of the video within a fast 4 frames or so 2- is conservative and does not waste bandwidth by unnecessarily increasing the video quality, instead saving the bandwidth as bursts for future frames, and 3- uses a moving window to limit the effect of past bursts on current bitrate. We implemented DRC in the x264 codec and used it in an actual video conferencing product from Magor Corp. The results showed that, compared to the widely-used ABR and CRF rate controllers, DRC provides better video quality and user experience, while adjusting the video bitrate faster.
Calibration of 1-D CMM artefacts: step gauges (EURAMET.L-K5.2016) (2020)

The results of the inter-RMO key comparison EURAMET.L-K5.2016 on the calibration of a step gauge are reported. Twenty-two National Metrology Institutes from four different metrological regions all over the world participated in this comparison which lasted three years, from December 2015 to December 2018. Two artefacts were circulated so that the varying ranges of participants equipment could be accommodated. A 1020 mm ceramic monolithic step gauge remained stable throughout the comparison. A 610 mm steel step gauge changed length, possibly due to an impact while travelling between participants. The comparison of this artefact was divided into two groups, those before the damage and those after, with the reference value for each group derived from a linking participant who had demonstrated equivalence in the 1020 mm artefact circulation. For the 1020 mm comparison the inverse-variance weighted mean was taken as reference value. Of the twenty two participants, eleven successfully demonstrated the validity of the claimed measurement capability. Of the remaining 11, 3 submitted revised uncertainties after the initial circulation of results which were shown to be valid when compared to the reference value. A set of recommendations and actions were agreed with the remaining participants. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report . Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/ . The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Robotic Ureteroplasty with Buccal Mucosa Graft for the Management of Complex Ureteral Strictures (2017)

Robotic ureteroplasty with a buccal mucosa graft is associated with low inherent morbidity. It is an effective way to manage complex proximal and mid ureteral strictures.
Single-Molecule Tracking of Carbohydrate-Binding Modules on Cellulose Using Fluorescence Microscopy (2012)

Single-molecule fluorescence detection is an invaluable technique for the study of molecular behavior in biological systems, both in vitro and in vivo. In this chapter, we focus on detailed protocols that utilize Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRF-M) to visualize single molecules of carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). The content describes step-by-step sample preparation and data acquisition, processing, and analysis. These methods can also be further used to study interactions between domains of cellulase molecules and between cellulases and cellulose.
Supplementary Data from Comparative Oncology Assessment of a Novel Inhibitor of Valosin-Containing Protein in Tumor-Bearing Dogs (2023)

Supplementary Data from Comparative Oncology Assessment of a Novel Inhibitor of Valosin-Containing Protein in Tumor-Bearing Dogs
Investigation of Synthetic Routes towards Derivatives of 3-(Phenylsulfonimidoyl)propanoic Acid (2002)

The synthesis of a range of 3-(phenylsulfonimidoyl)propanoate derivatives is described. A number of strategies for the imination of the key sulfoxide methyl 3-(penylsulfinyl)propanoate are discussed including the use of O-(mesitylsulfonyl)hydroxylamine (MSH) and iminoiodane reagents (PhINSO2R). A successful strategy for the preparation of the target compounds was the use of MSH followed by in situ coupling with a N-Boc-protected amino acid. The pseudo-dipeptides thus formed exhibited interesting conformational properties in CDCl3 solution giving evidence of intramolecular H-bonds in all cases, except for the proline derivative.
Iodinated contrast media‐induced nephropathy: pathophysiology, clinical aspects and prevention (1994)

Administration of iodinated contrast media (CM) for radiographic purposes is a preoccupying cause of acute renal failure. This review of the literature deals with what is known about physiopathology, clinical course, risk factors and prevention. Factors involved in the pathophysiology of CM-induced acute renal failure are vasoconstriction, direct tubular cell injury and tubular obstruction by casts. In the case of pre-existing renal hypoperfusion, CM may disturb the complex interaction between factors which modulate renal haemodynamics by increasing vasoconstrictor factors, notably endothelin peptides. The renal medulla, a zone characterized by a high metabolic activity and a low oxygen tension, may be a specific target for CM-induced effects. CM-induced nephropathy (CMN) is essentially observed in patients with one or more associated risk factors (chronic renal failure, dehydration, diabetes mellitus with impaired renal function, multiple myeloma, large CM volume, intra-arterial rather than intravenous route, etc). There is much debate as to whether newer low osmolar CM (LOCM) are better tolerated than conventional high osmolar CM (HOCM). Most of the animal studies clearly demonstrate the advantages of LOCM over HOCM. Clinical literature is far more confusing, although some recent studies and one meta-analysis demonstrate that LOCM are better tolerated in patients with impaired renal function. The low number of comparative clinical trials carried out in high risk patients, wide variability in CMN definitions, limited number of patients enrolled and inadequacy of various selected endpoints may explain difficulties experienced in demonstrating this advantage. Furthermore, while hydration is correctly maintained during clinical trials, this is not always true in clinical practice. Such a discrepancy could lead to underestimation of the potential advantage of LOCM over HOCM. Effective prevention should associate the correct hydration of patients, identification and, when possible, optimal correction of risk factors, avoidance of repeated CM injections within a short period of time and temporary disruption of treatment with other nephrotoxic drugs (non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, aminoglycosides, etc).
The prognostic utility of bedside assessment of adults hospitalized with malaria in Myanmar: a retrospective analysis (2015)

Even outside a clinical trial setting the RCAM score reliably identifies adults with malaria who are at greatest risk of death and can be safely used in the initial triage and management of these patients.
Naturally Aspirated Low Heat Rejection Single Cylinder Extended Expansion (Miller Cycle) C.I. Engine (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper discusses the experimental investigation of extended expansion and thermal insulation on the performance of a diesel engine. A single cylinder naturally aspirated air-cooled diesel engine is modified to run on the concept of extended expansion (Miller cycle). In the modified engine, the expansion ratio is maintained greater than the effective compression ratio by modulating the intake valve closing time and the clearance volume. The cylinder head, valve, and the piston top are coated with partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) for low heat rejection. Results show a significant improvement in fuel efficiency of the insulated extended expansion engine. A ratio of expansion ratio to effective compression ratio of 1.5 is found to be optimum.&lt;/div&gt;
Analytical Framework for Innovation in Hierarchical and Bureaucratic Organizations (2021)

Using grounded theory building, a 12-month longitudinal ethnography encompassing 42 individuals, 80 hours of observation, and 60 interviews was conducted to create an analytical framework to reveal interactions between hierarchy, bureaucracy, and innovation. This model presents a nuanced view of both positive and negative effects of bureaucracy and hierarchy on innovative new product development processes and technology adoption within a large, highly structured organization. The research revealed that it was possible for a team to have bureaucratic and hierarchical constraints and characteristics and still achieve innovative ends. Innovation in this context requires a problem critical to the organization to be selected, a solution to be developed, and the solution to be adopted. With this criteria, both hierarchy and bureaucracy impacted new product development processes, to both help and hinder both technology development and technology adoption.
Effect of Electronic Gadgets on Quality of Sleep Among College Students (2021)

A descriptive study to assess the effect of electronic Gadgets on Quality of Sleep among College Students. This study was conducted at Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry. Clearance from the Institutional Review Board and formal permission from the study settings were obtained. 240 samples were selected by the stratified random technique. Structure questionnaire was used to assess the quality of sleep and gadgets usage among participants after the content validity. The data gathered were analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The present study assessed the quality of sleep and gadget usage on college students and it was found that 57.1% of participants had poor sleep quality, 42.9% participants had good sleep quality and in relation to gadget usage, 64.6% of participants had mild addiction, 31.3% participants had moderate addiction and 4.2% participants had severe addiction. The correlation between effects of gadget usage and quality of sleep were assessed. It was found that r=0.378 and it denotes a weak correlation. There is an association between quality of sleep with selected demographic variables, namely age (p=0.026). The research evidence identifies that the majority of college students had poor sleep quality and mild gadgets addiction. Hence, there is a requirement for intervention or psychological measures to reduce gadget students among college students.
Figures of Merit for CMOS Low-Noise Amplifiers and Estimates for Their Theoretical Limits (2021)

This brief examines the theoretical interdependence of low-noise-amplifier (LNA) performance parameters to identify four figures of merit (FoMs) that enable the comparison of LNAs. FoM limits are also estimated to identify performance limitations and to quantify room for theoretical improvement. Finally, the results of a regression analysis on nearly 500 CMOS LNAs, published over the past 20 years, are compared to the identified trends, with the findings showing reasonable agreement despite the adoption of some simplifying assumptions.
Using satellite radar data to map and monitor variations in Great Lakes ice cover (2009)

Satellite-borne radars, including synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and scatterometer data, are used to classify and map Great Lakes ice cover and to derive freeze-up date, breakup date, and ice cover duration. These are important indicators of regional climatic conditions.
&lt;title&gt;Ion implantation: an efficient method for doping or fabricating channel chalcogenide glass waveguides&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

In this paper we present two different applications of ion implantation in chalcogenide glasses: rare earth doping and channel waveguide fabrication. The luminescence of a neodymium-implanted arsenic tri-sulfide waveguide at 1083 nm is reported. The most efficient pump wavelength is determined to be 818 nm. The dopant distribution following ion implantation is predicted by molecular dynamic simulation and measured by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry. This observation of luminescence from rare- earth ion implantation into chalcogenide glass suggest that this technique can be useful for rare-earth doped devices. A study of neodymium luminescence peak power as a function of dopant concentration is reported. The second application of ion implantation is in the fabrication of channel waveguides by helium implantation.
Economics of network pricing with multiple ISPs (2005)

In this paper we examine how transit and customer prices are set in a network consisting of multiple ISPs. Some ISPs may be geographically co-located so that they compete for the same set of end users. We examine the existence of equilibrium price strategies in this situation and show how positive profit can be achieved using threat strategies. It is shown that if the number of ISPs competing for the same customers is large then it can lead to price wars. ISPs that are not geographically co-located may not directly compete for users, but are nevertheless involved in a non-cooperative game of setting access and transit prices for each other. We study how such ISPs are linked economically through transit ISPs by considering a multi-stage game. We also consider the economics of private exchange points and show that they could become far more wide spread then they currently are.