gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P3‐256: Vaccination with Abeta displaying virus‐like particles reduces soluble and insoluble cerebral Abeta and lowers plaque burden in APP transgenic mice (2009)

Humoral immunity directed against the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta), which is deposited in the brains of AD patients, can reduce Abeta plaques and restore memory in transgenic animal models of AD. However, initial clinical trials using active immunization with Abeta1-42 (plus adjuvant) had to be stopped as a subset of patients developed meningoencephalitis, likely due to cytotoxic T cell reactions against Abeta. We have previously demonstrated that retrovirus-like particles that display on their surface repetitive arrays of self and foreign antigens can serve as potent immunogens. Here, we generated retrovirus-like particles that display the 15 N-terminal amino acids of human Abeta (lacking known T cell epitopes) fused to the transmembrane domain of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (Abeta-retroparticles). Western blot analysis, ELISA and immunogold electron microscopy revealed efficient incorporation of the fusion proteins into the particle membrane. Without the use of adjuvants single immunization of wild-type mice with Abeta retroparticles evoked high and long-lived Abeta-specific IgG titers of non-inflammatory T helper-2 isotypes (IgG1 and IgG2b) and led to restimulatable B cell memory. Likewise, immunization of transgenic APP23 model mice induced comparable antibody levels. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that vaccination led to a reduction of Abeta plaque load to about 60% of controls. Importantly, ELISA measurements show that vaccination lowered both insoluble Abeta40 as well as Abeta42 in APP23 brain. Thus, vaccination also significantly reduced cerebral soluble Abeta species. In summary, Abeta retroparticle vaccination may thus hold promise as a novel efficient future candidate vaccine for active immunotherapy of AD.
The β-Cell/EC Axis: How Do Islet Cells Talk to Each Other? (2013)

Within the pancreatic islet, the β-cell represents the ultimate biosensor. Its central function is to accurately sense glucose levels in the blood and consequently release appropriate amounts of insulin. As the only cell type capable of insulin production, the β-cell must balance this crucial workload with self-preservation and, when required, regeneration. Evidence suggests that the β-cell has an important ally in intraislet endothelial cells (ECs). As well as providing a conduit for delivery of the primary input stimulus (glucose) and dissemination of its most important effector (insulin), intraislet blood vessels deliver oxygen to these dense clusters of metabolically active cells. Furthermore, it appears that ECs directly impact insulin gene expression and secretion and β-cell survival. This review discusses the molecules and pathways involved in the crosstalk between β-cells and intraislet ECs. The evidence supporting the intraislet EC as an important partner for β-cell function is examined to highlight the relevance of this axis in the context of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Recent work that has established the potential of ECs or their progenitors to enhance the re-establishment of glycemic control following pancreatic islet transplantation in animal models is discussed.
Crystal and electronic structures and electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of two copper tetrahalide salts of bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (1994)

We report the crystal and electronic band structures at 295 K and measurements of temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance, optical reflectivity, conductivity, and thermopower for two copper tetrahalide salts of bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF), (BEDT-TTF${)}_{3}$${\mathrm{CuBr}}_{4}$ and (BEDT-TTF${)}_{3}$${\mathrm{CuCl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$. The two salts are isostructural with layers of BEDT-TTF having charges of 0 and +e separated by layers of pseudo-square-planar tetrahalides of copper (II). At ambient pressure these salts show conductivities near 1 S ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, and the magnetic properties indicate coupled localized spins present on both BEDT-TTF and the ${\mathit{d}}^{9}$ copper layers. At 60 K, there is a discontinuous drop in susceptibility, a sharpening of the electron paramagnetic resonance linewidth, and an increase in g value that we attribute to the loss of the contribution from the BEDT-TTF sheets. This may be associated with a Jahn-Teller distortion of the planar copper complexes. Below the transition temperature the susceptibility can be fitted to a quadratic layer antiferromagnet with J=15 K (${\mathrm{CuBr}}_{4}$) and 8 K (${\mathrm{CuCl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$) and one spin per formula unit. Under pressure there is a very rapid increase in conductivity, to 500 S/cm at 24 kbar, the largest increase of conductivity under pressure in any molecular solid yet studied. There is a sharp transition from metal to insulator at temperatures rising to 111 K near 5 kbar, and falling to 80 K at 20 kbar. We consider that these salts are nearly metallic at ambient pressure, with strongly enhanced susceptibilities, but are brought to a fully metallic state under pressure as a result of increased intermolecular contacts.
A fibre-optic frequency shifter utilizing travelling flexure waves in birefringent fibre (1988)

A fibre-optic frequency shifter based on the use of flexure waves to produce a travelling perturbation which couples the polarization modes of birefringent optical fibre is described. In experiments, frequency shifts of about 790 kHz were produced. A dispersion relation for the flexure waves in the fibre has been derived and was shown to be valid in experiments. The device is described using coupled mode theory, and it is shown that optimum mode coupling will occur when the wavelength of the flexure waves is twice the birefringent beat length of the fibre.
Progressive Changes in Sleep and Its Relations to Amyloid-β Distribution and Learning in Single<i>App</i>Knock-In Mice (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients often suffer from sleep disturbances. Alterations in sleep, especially rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), can precede the onset of dementia. To accurately characterize the sleep impairments accompanying AD and their underlying mechanisms using animal models, it is crucial to use models in which brain areas are affected in a manner similar to that observed in the actual patients. Here, we focused on <i>App<sup>NL-G-F</sup></i> mice, in which expression levels and patterns of mutated amyloid precursor protein (APP) follow the endogenous patterns. We characterized the sleep architecture of male <i>App<sup>NL-G-F</sup></i> homozygous and heterozygous mice at two ages (six and 12 months). At six months, homozygous mice exhibited reduced REMS, which was further reduced at 12 months together with a slight reduction in non-REMS (NREMS). By contrast, heterozygous mice exhibited an overall normal sleep architecture. Homozygous mice also exhibited decreased electroencephalogram γ to δ power ratio during REMS from six months, resembling the electroencephalogram slowing phenomenon observed in preclinical or early stages of AD. In addition, homozygous mice showed learning and memory impairments in the trace fear conditioning (FC) at both ages, and task performance strongly correlated with REMS amount at 12 months. Finally, histologic analyses revealed that amyloid-β accumulation in the pontine tegmental area and ventral medulla followed a course similar to that of the REMS reduction. These findings support the notion that changes in REMS are an early marker of AD and provide a starting point to address the mechanism of sleep deficits in AD and the effects on cognition.
Human articular chondrocytes express 15-lipoxygenase-1 and -2: potential role in osteoarthritis (2009)

This study is the first to demonstrate the expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 and -2 in articular chondrocytes. Their respective metabolites, namely 13(S)-hydroxy octadecadienoic and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, suppressed IL-1beta-induced MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression in a PPARgamma-dependent pathway. These data suggest that 15-lipoxygenases may have chondroprotective properties by reducing MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression.
Hot Wall Evaporation of High-Sensitivity, High-Resolution CeBr$_{3}$ Scintillator (2012)

Research related to fabrication of novel lanthanide halide scintillators in large physical sizes, using time- and cost-efficient methods, has been an ongoing process. The principal emphasis is on fabrication to derive novel light-conserving morphologies that are required for room-temperature radioisotope identification and other demanding spectrographic and imaging applications. Our fabrication technique addresses each of the many serious limitations of current growth methods, allows rapid large-volume synthesis at a substantially reduced cost versus current techniques, and is equally effective for manufacturing other advanced inorganic and solid state semiconductor materials. Here we report on the growth of CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> scintillator using hot wall evaporation. Under favorable deposition conditions, this material could be grown in polycrystalline form suitable for spectroscopic applications, or even in the microcolumnar form desirable for high spatial resolution gamma ray imaging. The work carried out so far shows that films produced using this approach are self-activated and possess all of the excellent properties of their melt-grown crystal counterparts. The scintillation properties discussed in this report are relative light yield, energy resolution, spectroscopic emission, light emission uniformity and detection of alphas using as-deposited CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> specimen. This paper will further discuss fabrication technique and its advantages.
Introduction (2021)

Abstract This chapter introduces the book’s main themes. It explains why public health policy matters, and why public policy requires ethical and philosophical reflection. It introduces debates around the definition of disease and illness, and debates about the definition of public health. It examines why public health was initially largely excluded from the purview of medical ethics and bioethics in the 1960s and following decades, and some of the drivers behind the rise of ethical reflection on public health since 2000. It also briefly introduces the structure of the rest of the book.
Overnight Versus Progressive Conversion of Multiple Daily-Dose Divalproex to Once-Daily Divalproex Extended Release (2009)

Divalproex (DVP) delayed release and DVP extended release (DVP ER) are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for bipolar disorder, epilepsy, and migraine prophylaxis. Divalproex ER is given once daily, improving compliance and reducing adverse events. Overnight switch to DVP ER is advised in the package insert but could produce more adverse events in this susceptible population. In this pilot study, we compared tolerability of overnight versus gradual switching to DVP ER in 16 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities receiving DVP, in 9 for epilepsy and in all 16 for comorbid bipolar disorder. The study design was open with parallel groups. Sixteen subjects with intellectual and developmental disabilities were randomized to overnight or gradual conversion for 4 to 6 days. A blinded rater completed the Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects on days +1, +4, and +8 after the switch began. We found no major differences between the 2 groups at each time point. Neither group of subjects, except for 1 subject in the overnight group, manifested sedation, seizures, worsening of tremor, or gastrointestinal adverse events. One subject in the overnight group manifested acute diarrhea and vomiting, followed by a very brief tonic leg seizure 6 days later. Larger studies are warranted.
Functional, molecular and structural imaging using LED-based photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system. (2020)

Conventional photoacoustic imaging (PAI) systems use bulky and high-cost laser sources to derive functional and molecular information of the tissue. Recently, light emitting diodes (LED) have emerged as an affordable and compact alternative illumination source for PAI. Despite their low energies, LEDs have provided sufficient photoacoustic contrast for in vivo imaging of mice and for certain clinical applications. This is largely due to PA signal averaging allowed by higher repetition rates of the LEDs without compromising on video frame rate photoacoustic imaging. In this work, using multiple in vivo and phantom experiments, we demonstrate the potential of LED-based photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging (2-D and 3-D) for real-time functional, molecular and structural characterization of tissue. This includes photoacoustic derived functional oxygen saturation information and mapping molecules such as melanin, methylene blue and indocyanine green, and ultrasound derived anatomical information of tissue. These results demonstrate that LED-based PA and US imaging hold strong potential for accelerating several pre-clinical and clinical applications, especially in resource-poor settings.
Antitumor effect of new HER2 peptide vaccination based on B cell epitope. (2011)

The new Her-2/neu peptide contained epitopes for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells, which contributes to the suppressive effect on Her-2/neu-expressing tumor cell growth.
Nonlinear Photonic-Band-Gap Structures Made of GaN/AlN as a Source of Entangled Two-Photon States (2006)

We have developed a vectorial quantum model of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic-band-gap structures. According to the obtained results these structures represent a promising perspective source of entangled two-photon states. In particular, entangled two-photon states antisymmetric in frequencies can be generated. Such entangled photons behave in the way resembling two fermions
Reproducible Growth of High-Quality Cubic-SiC Layers (2004)

Semiconductor electronic devices and circuits based on silicon carbide (SiC) are being developed for use in high-temperature, high-power, and/or high-radiation conditions under which devices made from conventional semiconductors cannot adequately perform. The ability of SiC-based devices to function under such extreme conditions is expected to enable significant improvements in a variety of applications and systems. These include greatly improved high-voltage switching for saving energy in public electric power distribution and electric motor drives; more powerful microwave electronic circuits for radar and communications; and sensors and controls for cleaner-burning, more fuel-efficient jet aircraft and automobile engines.
Risk predisposition for Crohn disease: A “ménage à trois” combining IRGM allele, miRNA and xenophagy (2011)

Susceptibility to Crohn disease (CD), an inflammatory bowel disease, is influenced by common variants at many loci like the exonic synonymous IRGM SNP (rs10065172, NM_001145805.1, c.313C>T). We recently showed that miR-196 is overexpressed in the inflammatory intestinal epithelia of individuals with CD and downregulates the IRGM protective (c.313C) but not the risk-associated (c.313T) allele. Eventually, loss of: IRGM/miRNA regulation compromises xenophagy. These results highlight a critical "ménage à trois" in risk susceptibility combining IRGM allele, miRNA and xenophagy.
Negative regulation of ligand-initiated Ca<sup>2+</sup>uptake by PKC-βII in differentiated HL60 cells (2001)

In phagocytic cells, fMet-Leu-Phe triggers phosphoinositide remodeling, activation of protein kinase C (PKC), release of intracellular Ca(2+) and uptake of extracellular Ca(2+). Uptake of extracellular Ca(2+) can be triggered by store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCC) and via a receptor-operated nonselective cation channel(s). In neutrophilic HL60 cells, the PKC activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) activates multiple PKC isotypes, PKC-alpha, PKC-beta, and PKC-delta, and inhibits ligand-initiated mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) and uptake of extracellular Ca(2+). Therefore PKC is a negative regulator at several points in Ca(2+) mobilization. In contrast, selective depletion of PKC-beta in HL60 cells by an antisense strategy enhanced fMet-Leu-Phe-initiated Ca(2+) uptake but not mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+). Thapsigargin-induced Ca(2+) uptake through SOCC was not affected by PKC-beta II depletion. Thus PKC-beta II is a selective negative regulator of Ca(2+) uptake but not release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. PKC-beta II inhibits a receptor-operated cation or Ca(2+) channel, thus inhibiting ligand-initiated Ca(2+) uptake.
Microstructured human fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix scaffold for vascular media fabrication (2016)

In the clinical and pharmacological fields, there is a need for the production of tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessels. We have demonstrated previously that the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by fibroblasts can be used as a scaffold to support three-dimensional (3D) growth of another cell type. Thus, a resistant tissue-engineered vascular media can be produced when such scaffolds are used to culture smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The present study was designed to develop an anisotropic fibroblastic ECM sheet that could replicate the physiological architecture of blood vessels after being assembled into a small diameter vascular conduit. Anisotropic ECM scaffolds were produced using human dermal fibroblasts, grown on a microfabricated substrate with a specific topography, which led to cell alignment and unidirectional ECM assembly. Following their devitalization, the scaffolds were seeded with SMCs. These cells elongated and migrated in a single direction, following a specific angle relative to the direction of the aligned fibroblastic ECM. Their resultant ECM stained for collagen I and III and elastin, and the cells expressed SMC differentiation markers. Seven days after SMCs seeding, the sheets were rolled around a mandrel to form a tissue-engineered vascular media. The resulting anisotropic ECM and cell alignment induced an increase in the mechanical strength and vascular reactivity in the circumferential direction as compared to unaligned constructs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access Control System with Automatic Logging for User's Facial Information (2003)

An access control system that automatically logs in a user by his or her facial information is described. Furthermore, a method for automatically tracking logged data, based on a repetitive operation of template improvements, is shown. Face recognition is a favorable variety of biometrics for personal identification because user's facial images can be captured successively from a standard video camera at a distance. Two models of the system using face recognition were tested to prevent fraud and to create automatic registration. Experimental results for a six-month test showed that the tracking capability of the method is quite practicable; the equal error rate for false rejection and false acceptance (EER) is only about one percent.
A New Synthesis of Flavanones (1997)

Flavanones 2 were synthesized in good yields from 3-chloro-2,3-dihydro-3-nitro-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones 1 using a free radical process involving the tributyltin hydride/2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile system in refluxing benzene.
ChemInform Abstract: SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES HAVING A 3,4‐DIHYDROCARBOSTYRIL NUCLEUS (1978)

Abstract Aus den Verbindungen (I) oder (III) werden die Amine (II) hergestellt.
Low latency replication coded storage over memory -constrained servers (2021)

We consider a distributed storage system storing a single file, where the file is divided into equal sized fragments. The fragments are replicated with a common replication factor, and stored across servers with identical storage capacity. An incoming download request for this file is sent to all the servers, and it is considered serviced when all the unique fragments are downloaded. The download time for all fragments across all servers, is modeled as an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variable. The mean download time can be bounded in terms of the expected number of useful servers available after gathering each fragment. We find the mean number of useful servers after collecting each fragment, for a random storage scheme for replication codes. We show that the performance of the random storage for replication code achieves the upper bound for expected number of useful servers at every download asymptotically in number of servers for any storage capacity. Further, we show that the performance of this storage scheme is comparable to that of Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) coded storage.
Statistical performance of outer-product associative memory models (1989)

A figure of merit, the probability a bit is correct after update, is used to evaluate the performance of randomly coded outer-product associative memory models. Networks with bipolar binary states and nonzero diagonal connections are shown to yield the best performance with respect to this figure of merit. A surprising result is that an all-positive network, one with binary states and positive connections, is superior to a standard Hopfield style network with binary states and bipolar connections. A prescription for the optimal threshold point for the all-positive network is given.
Reliable eDNA detection and quantification of the European weather loach (<i>Misgurnus fossilis</i>) (2020)

The European weather loach (Misgurnus fossilis) is a cryptic and poorly known fish species of high conservation concern. The species is experiencing dramatic population collapses across its native range to the point of regional extinction. Although environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approaches offer clear advantages over conventional field methods for monitoring rare and endangered species, accurate detection and quantification remain difficult and quality assessment is often poorly incorporated. In this study, we developed and validated a novel digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) eDNA-based method for reliable detection and quantification, which allows accurate monitoring of M. fossilis across a number of habitat types. A dilution experiment under laboratory conditions allowed the definition of the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ), which were set at concentrations of 0.07 and 0.14 copies μl<sup>-1</sup> , respectively. A series of aquarium experiments revealed a significant and positive relationship between the number of individuals and the eDNA concentration measured. During a 3 year survey (2017-2019), we assessed 96 locations for the presence of M. fossilis in Flanders (Belgium). eDNA analyses on these samples highlighted 45% positive detections of the species. On the basis of the eDNA concentration per litre of water, only 12 sites appeared to harbour relatively dense populations. The other 31 sites gave a relatively weak positive signal that was typically situated below the LOQ. Combining sample-specific estimates of effective DNA quantity (Q<sub>e</sub> ) and conventional field sampling, we concluded that each of these weak positive sites still likely harboured the species and therefore they do not represent false positives. Further, only seven of the classified negative samples warrant additional sampling as our analyses identified a substantial risk of false-negative detections (i.e., type II errors) at these locations. Finally, we illustrated that ddPCR outcompetes conventional qPCR analyses, especially when target DNA concentrations are critically low, which could be attributed to a reduced sensitivity of ddPCR to inhibition effects, higher sample concentrations being accommodated and higher sensitivity obtained.
Restoring bladder function using motor and sensory nerve transfers: a cadaveric feasibility study (2022)

The chosen donor nerves were long enough and of sufficient caliber for the proposed nerve transfers and tensionless anastomosis.