gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental And Anthropogenic Gravity Contributions At The Þeistareykir Geothermal Field, North Iceland (2021)

Abstract Continuous high resolution gravimetry is increasingly used to monitor mass distribution changes in volcanic, hydrothermal or other complex geosystems. To quantify the often small target signals, gravity contributions from, e.g., atmospheric mass changes, global and local hydrology should be accounted for. We set up three iGrav superconducting gravity meters for continuous monitoring of the Þeistareykir geothermal field in North Island. Additionally, we installed a set of hydrometeorological sensors at each station for continuous observation of local pressure changes, soil moisture, snow and vertical surface displacement. We show that the contribution of these environmental parameters to the gravity signal does not exceed 10 µGal (1 µGal = 10 -8 m s -2 ), mainly resulting from vertical displacement and snow accumulation. The seasonal gravity contributions (global atmosphere, local and global hydrology) are in the order of ±2 µGal at each station. Using the environmental observations together with standard gravity corrections for instrumental drift and tidal effects, we comprehensively reduced the iGrav time series. The gravity residuals were compared to groundwater level changes and geothermal mass flow rates (extraction and injection) of the Þeistareykir power plant. The direct response of the groundwater levels and a time-delayed response of the gravity signal to changes in extraction and injection suggest that the geothermal system is subject to a partially confined aquifer. Our observations indicate that a sustainable “equilibrium” state of the reservoir is reached at extraction flow rates below 240 kg s -1 and injection flow rates below 160 kg s -1 .
Highly Efficient Synthesis of HIV NNRTI Doravirine (2015)

The development of an efficient and robust process for the production of HIV NNRTI doravirine is described. The synthesis features a continuous aldol reaction as part of a de novo synthesis of the key pyridone fragment. Conditions for the continuous flow aldol reaction were derived using microbatch snapshots of the flow process.
Mouse Genetic Approaches to Feeding Regulation: Serotonin 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>Receptor Mutant Mice (2003)

ABSTRACT Neural mechanisms underlying the regulation of ingestive behavior and energy balance are well conserved among mammals. Many neural pathways, each reflecting the function of many genes, interact to regulate these processes. Systematic genetic perturbations are not feasible in humans—the examination of gene functions relevant to feeding regulation must be performed in other species. Many advances in this field have been made through molecular genetic studies of mice, the most genetically tractable of mammalian species. The relevance of mouse ingestive behavior to the mechanisms underlying the regulation of feeding in humans is discussed. Approaches for evaluating the contribution of genes to the regulation of energy balance and to the actions of anorectic drugs are described in the context of studies focused on a line of mice lacking the serotonin 5-HT 2C receptor subtype. These animals display reduced responsiveness to serotonergic anorexic drugs and a late-onset obesity syndrome associated with features reminiscent of common forms of human obesity. Developmental studies of energy balance uncovered a novel age-dependent physiological process that may contribute generally to the predisposition of humans and other mammals to accumulate fat stores during “middle-age.” These findings are presented to illustrate considerations in the use of mouse molecular genetic technologies to investigate genetic influences on ingestive behavior and energy balance.
3.3 A 25Gb/s multistandard serial link transceiver for 50dB-loss copper cable in 28nm CMOS (2016)

The amount of data traffic is increasing year by year as the number of data-rich services like cloud services and streaming services are increasing. The number of switch modules between servers should decrease to lower latency, and several servers in each rack should be connected to one switch module with cables in a data centre. Using copper cables to connect racks is attractive in terms of cost minimization. Thin cables, for example 34 AWG copper cables, make maintenance easy. The cable length should be 5-7m to connect between racks, and 34 AWG 7m cable has 48dB loss, including board trace loss, package loss and so on. So far transceivers over 25Gb/s, equalizing 35-40dB channel loss have been proposed [1-4], with which low-loss cables like 26 AWG have been required. We target a 25Gb/s transceiver equalizing over 50dB channel loss, and adopt a sub-mV dynamic DC offset cancelation and a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) with a bias-controlled tap slicer. Both improve on the minimum input sensitivity and enable data transmission through a channel with over 50dB loss.
Reduced order model and robust control architecture for mechanical systems with nonholonomic Pfaffian constraints (1999)

The position/force control of mechanical systems subject to a set of Pfaffian constraints is addressed in this paper. A reduced order dynamical description of such nonholonomic mechanical systems, including the constraints, is developed. Some properties of the dynamic model are then exploited to facilitate the controller design. Based on the theory of guaranteed stability of uncertain systems, a robust control algorithms is derived, guaranteeing the uniform ultimate boundedness of the tracking errors. A detailed numerical example is presented to illustrate the developed method.
Resistance to activated protein C caused by a Factor V gene mutation (1995)

Each year, approximately one in 1000 individuals suffers from venous thromboembolism. The pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial and a thrombotic event is the result of a combination of genetic and circumstantial risk factors. Until recently, genetic defects could only be identified in a minority of thrombosis patients. The discovery of inherited resistance to activated protein C as a risk factor for thrombosis changed the situation for the better. In Western countries, activated protein C resistance is found in 20% to 60% of patients with thrombosis. Activated protein C resistance is caused by a single point mutation in the Factor V gene, leading to replacement of Arg(R)506 in the activated protein C cleavage site of Factor V with a Gln(Q). As a result, the activated protein C-mediated cleavage and inhibition of mutated Factor V (FV:Q506) is impaired, which leads to increased thrombin generation, a hypercoagulable state, and a life-long increased risk of thrombosis.
Thin, light-trapping silicon solar cells for space (1988)

Ultrathin silicon solar cells with high efficiency and radiation tolerance can be made by incorporating light-trapping and heterojunction surface passivation. Calculations show that a 2 mu m-thick light-trapping cell remains over 18% efficient after the equivalent of 20 years in geosynchronous orbit. Including a 50 mu m coverglass, the thin cells had, after irradiation, a specific power over ten times higher than that of the baseline design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ein Modell zur Wahrnehmung der Ausgeprägtheit der Tonhöhe (2006)

Die psychoakustische Empfindungsgrose Ausgepragtheit der beschreibt unabhangig von der Tonhohe deren Deutlichkeit oder Ausgepragtheit. In der Arbeit werden Ergebnisse psychoakustischer Experimente verschiedenster Schallarten bezuglich dieser Wahrnehmung dargestellt und anhand von Modellvorstellungen der Schallverarbeitung durch das menschliche Gehor beschrieben. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Modell erstellt, welches experimentelle Daten synthetischer und realer Schalle qualitativ und uberwiegend auch quantitativ nachvollziehen kann.
In der praktischen Anwendung lassen sich die Ausgepragtheit der sowie das erstellte Modell zur Gerauschbeurteilung, beispielsweise beim Sound Quality Design von Produkten, oder der Immissionsbeurteilung heranziehen.
AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma patients with visceral manifestations. Response to human chorionic gonadotropin preparations. (1999)

These clinical observations suggest that patients with aggressive visceral forms of KS, usually indicative of an extremely poor prognosis and poor response to combined chemotherapy, can benefit from this new therapeutic approach. In some patients, these preparations also induce several other beneficial effects, such as weight gain, reduction in HIV-1 RNA load, or increase in the CD4+ T-cell count. Additional controlled clinical trials comparing this new therapeutic option with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy are needed. These trials should be extended to patients with KS not related to HIV-1 infection. Because we showed elsewhere that pure hCG had no effect on KS, identification and subsequent clinical use of the active molecules in hCG preparations is urgently needed.
Virtual prototyping for efficient multi-core ECU development of driver assistance systems (2012)

In recent years, road vehicles have experienced an enormous increase in driver assistance systems such as traffic sign recognition, lane departure warning, and pedestrian detection. Cost-efficient development of electronic control units (ECUs) for these systems is a complex challenge. The demand for shortened time to market makes the development even more challenging and thus demands efficient design flows. This paper proposes a model-based design flow that permits simulation-based performance evaluation of multi-core ECUs for driver assistance systems in a pre-development stage. The approach is based on a system-level virtual prototype of a multi-core ECU and allows the evaluation of timing effects by mapping application tasks to different platforms. The results show that performance estimation of different parallel implementation candidates is possible with high accuracy even in a pre-development stage. By adapting the best-fitting parallelization strategy to the final ECU, a reduction in the time to market period is possible. Currently, the design flow is being evaluated by Daimler AG and is being applied to a pedestrian detection system. Results from this application illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach.
Lift-share using mobile apps in tourism: The role of trust, sense of community and existing lift-share practices (2017)

This paper explores the use of mobile technology to enable lift-share in the leisure travel domain of camping tourism. Here mobile devices can connect a user community on the move undertaking non-routine trips and reveal temporal and spatial connections suggesting lift-share opportunities. Data were derived from a questionnaire survey (n = 339) administered at campsites in a rural tourism destination in Dorset, UK. Analysis focuses on the role of trust, sense of community and existing lift-share practices in willingness to engage in lift-share and other forms of share use of private vehicles using a mobile app. The findings indicate that previous experience of lift-share and sense of community both have a small effect, however, trust had no effect on the desire to lift-share. Analysis indicates trust is generated through community participation rather than being a precursor to taking part. Lift-share app developers and providers need to design strategies which build trust in the system using peer-to-peer ratings, where appropriate, and establishing user etiquette through user champions and visualising successful exchanges.
Sustained Release GLP-1 Agonist PT320 Delays Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2021)

GLP-1 agonists have become increasingly interesting as a new Parkinson's disease (PD) clinical treatment strategy. Additional preclinical studies are important to validate this approach and define the disease stage when they are most effective. We hence characterized the efficacy of PT320, a sustained release formulation of the long acting GLP-1 agonist, exenatide, in a progressive PD (MitoPark) mouse model. A clinically translatable biweekly PT320 dose was administered starting at 5 weeks of age and longitudinally evaluated to 24 weeks, and multiple behavioral/cellular parameters were measured. PT320 significantly improved spontaneous locomotor activity and rearing in MitoPark PD mice. "Motivated" behavior also improved, evaluated by accelerating rotarod performance. Behavioral improvement was correlated with enhanced cellular and molecular indices of dopamine (DA) midbrain function. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry demonstrated protection of striatal and nucleus accumbens DA release and reuptake in PT320 treated MitoPark mice. Positron emission tomography showed protection of striatal DA fibers and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression was augmented by PT320 administration. Early PT320 treatment may hence provide an important neuroprotective therapeutic strategy in PD.
Remarkable Increase in the Channel Mobility of SiC-MOSFETs by Controlling the Interfacial $\hbox{SiO}_{2}$ Layer Between $\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ and SiC (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The impact of a thin <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{SiO}_{2}$</tex></formula> layer inserted between <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex></formula> and SiC on channel mobility in <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}/\hbox{SiC}$</tex></formula> MOSFETs was investigated. The remarkable increase in the channel mobility is demonstrated when the <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\hbox{SiO}_{2}$</tex></formula> thickness is around 1 nm. The thin <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$ \hbox{SiO}_{2}$</tex></formula> layer is formed by the thermal oxidation of the SiC substrate at 600 or 800 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$^{\circ}\hbox{C}$</tex></formula> in <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$ \hbox{O}_{2}$</tex></formula> atmosphere. The peak value of the field-effect mobility in <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}/\hbox{SiO}_{2}/\hbox{SiC}$</tex></formula> MOSFETs is as high as 300 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{cm}^{2}/\hbox{(V}\cdot\hbox{s)}$</tex></formula>. On the other hand, when the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{SiO}_{2}$</tex></formula> layer is 2.0 nm, the field-effect mobility drastically reduces to 40 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{cm}^{2}/\hbox{(V}\cdot \hbox{s)}$</tex></formula>, which is most likely due to the high interface trap density as seen in conventional <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{SiO}_{2}/\hbox{SiC}$</tex></formula> MOSFETs. </para>
Two distinct transitions in a population of coupled oscillators with turnover: desynchronization and stochastic oscillation quenching (2023)

Synchronization, which is caused by mutual coupling, and turnover, which is the replacement of old components with new ones, are observed in various open systems consisting of many components. Although these phenomena can co-occur, the interplay of coupling and turnover has been overlooked. Here, we analyze coupled phase oscillators with turnover and reveal that two distinct transitions occur, depending on both coupling and turnover: desynchronization and what we name stochastic oscillation quenching. Importantly, the latter requires both the turnover and coupling to be sufficiently intense.
Carbide‐Derived Carbons – From Porous Networks to Nanotubes and Graphene (2011)

Abstract Carbide‐derived carbons (CDCs) are a large family of carbon materials derived from carbide precursors that are transformed into pure carbon via physical (e.g., thermal decomposition) or chemical (e.g., halogenation) processes. Structurally, CDC ranges from amorphous carbon to graphite, carbon nanotubes or graphene. For halogenated carbides, a high level of control over the resulting amorphous porous carbon structure is possible by changing the synthesis conditions and carbide precursor. The large number of resulting carbon structures and their tunability enables a wide range of applications, from tribological coatings for ceramics, or selective sorbents, to gas and electrical energy storage. In particular, the application of CDC in supercapacitors has recently attracted much attention. This review paper summarizes key aspects of CDC synthesis, properties, and applications. It is shown that the CDC structure and properties are sensitive to changes of the synthesis parameters. Understanding of processing–structure–properties relationships facilitates tuning of the carbon material to the requirements of a certain application.
Nickel-Catalyzed Acylstannylation of 1,3-Dienes:  Synthesis and Reaction of ε-Oxoallylstannanes (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNickel-Catalyzed Acylstannylation of 1,3-Dienes: Synthesis and Reaction of ε-OxoallylstannanesEiji Shirakawa, Yoshiaki Nakao, Hiroto Yoshida, and Tamejiro HiyamaView Author Information Graduate School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 37, 9030–9031Publication Date (Web):September 1, 2000Publication History Received8 June 2000Published online1 September 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0020409https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0020409rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1049Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbonyls,Chemical reactions,Hydrocarbons,Mixtures,Molecular structure Get e-Alerts
Five Design Challenges (2009)

PLEASE NOTE: Where applicable, the audio has been removed from this file due to copyrighted material. The garments shown here represent the Classes of '11, '10 and '09 . The garments were created in response to the following five design challenges: Sophomores, Class of '11: Innovative Design: explore the properties of materials other than fabric while creating a wearable piece. Print Design Project create a garment that makes optimal use of printed fabric. Juniors, Class of '10: Knitwear Design: explore the properties of knits and design cut-and-sew and machine-knit garments. Tailoring Project: interpret traditional tailoring techniques to create a jacket ensemble. Seniors, Class of '09: Coat Collection: design a collection with a coat as the key piece.
Synthesis of random terpolymers bearing multidentate imidazole units and their use in functionalization of cadmium sulfide nanowires (2015)

This work reports on a new synthesis method for random ternary copolymers that are shown to tether a molecular dye payload to cadmium sulfide nanowires in aqueous solution.
Incidence Angle Effect of Energetic Carbon Ions on Deposition Rate, Topography, and Structure of Ultrathin Amorphous Carbon Films Deposited by Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc (2012)

The effect of the incidence angle of energetic carbon ions on the thickness, topography, and structure of ultrathin amorphous carbon ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> -C) films synthesized by filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) was examined in the context of numerical and experimental results. The thickness of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> -C films deposited at different incidence angles was investigated in the light of Monte Carlo simulations, and the calculated depth profiles were compared with those obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The topography and structure of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> -C films were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The film thickness decreased with the increase of the incidence angle, while the surface roughness increased and the content of tetrahedral carbon hybridization ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sp</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) decreased significantly with the increase of the incidence angle above 45°, measured from the surface normal. TEM, AFM, and XPS results indicate that the smoothest and thinnest <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> -C films with the highest content of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sp</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> carbon bonding were produced for an incidence angle of 45°. The findings of this study have direct implications in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording, where ultrathin and smooth <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> -C films with high <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sp</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> contents are of critical importance.
An experimental design for determining the effects of illumination models in particle visualization (2005)

Effective visualization of large particle datasets requires communication of the three-dimensional structure and spatial organization of the particles as a simulation progresses. Typical visualization systems employ local illumination models when rendering such data. These models rely solely on local information and may not capture other illumination effects that can aid attempts to comprehend the spatial characteristics of complex particle datasets.
Probes on Traditional Electric Block and PC Protection (2005)

The paper introduces working principle, function, technical development and relative problems probed recently in traditionally secondary electric control blocking circuit and modern PC anti-blocking mode in existing substations. The author put forward own understandings on some technical problems.