gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of characteristic performance by patterned structure in light-emitting diodes (2010)

Various types of nano-to-micron scale patterned structure have been employed into nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in order to investigate the optical performances of device. The patterned structure was formed on top of the LED epitaxial structure or was embedded between epitaxial layers and sapphire substrate. The patterned structure affected to the LED performances in terms of light distribution and anisotropic increase of light extraction as well as increase of external quantum efficiency. The controllability of light extraction by forming a patterned structure with different index material is applicable to flip chip devices or chips on board in which light is supposed to be extracted toward a certain direction with the straight forward directionality. The index matched nano-patterned AlN template played such a role of anisotropic directionality of light extraction in the device. Periodic (photonic band gap) and non-periodic (random hole) patterned structure also showed different extraction efficiency and characteristics of light distribution. The experimental result was well matched with the simulated estimation.
OP09.01: Prediction of sPTB and PPROM from maternal risk factors and placental biomarkers at 11–13 weeks (2022)

To determine whether first trimester biomarkers of placental function, in combination with maternal risk factors, can be used to predict spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). This was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from singleton pregnancies attended for pre-eclampsia screening at 11–13+6 weeks of gestation between Dec 2016 and Sep 2019. A split-sample internal validation method was adopted to explore and develop prediction models for all sPTB and preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) at < 37 weeks using maternal risk factors and biomarkers of placental function. Screening performance was assessed by areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Among the 9,298 singleton pregnancies included, the incidence of sPTB and PPROM at < 37 weeks was 3.89% and 2.48% respectively. Identified risk factors for sPTB at < 37 weeks included chronic hypertension, conception by in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and prior PTB; whereas for PPROM at < 37 weeks included conception by IVF and prior PTB. The median placental growth factor (PlGF) MoM and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) MoM were significantly reduced in women who had sPTB at < 37 weeks and PPROM at < 37 weeks compared to those who delivered at term. Screening with a combination of maternal risk factors and PAPP-A/PlGF was better than using maternal risk factors alone in predicting sPTB at < 37 weeks (AUC 0.630 versus 0.555, detection rate (DR) 24.8% versus 16.6% at false-positive rate (FPR) of 10%, p = <0.0001) and PPROM at < 37 weeks (AUC 0.643 versus 0.558, DR 28.1% versus 17.0% at FPR of 10%, p = <0.0001). Both models were successfully applied to the internal validation dataset, with AUC of 0.628 and 0.650 respectively. We demonstrated low levels of maternal serum PAPP-A and PlGF in the first trimester are associated with increased risks of sPTB and PPROM. However, further research is needed to identify additional biomarkers to improve the screening performance of the combined model using maternal risk factors and PAPP-A/PlGF before clinical application.
Orthodontic Loads in Teeth after Regenerative Endodontics: A Finite Element Analysis of the Biomechanical Performance of the Periodontal Ligament (2022)

The objective of this study was to analyse the stress distribution in the periodontal ligament and tooth structure of a cementum-reinforced tooth, a dentine-reinforced tooth and an immature tooth during orthodontic loads using a finite element analysis. A finite element model of a maxillary incisor and its supporting tissues was developed. The root was segmented into two parts: a part that represented a root in an immature state and an apical part that represented the tissue formed after regenerative endodontics. The apical part was given the mechanical properties of dentine or cementum. The three models underwent simulation of mesial load, palatal inclination and rotation. The mean stress values and stress distribution patterns of the periodontal ligament of the dentine- and cementum-reinforced teeth were similar in all scenarios. The maturation of the root, with either dentine or cementum, was beneficial for all scenarios, since the periodontal ligament of the immature tooth showed the highest mean stress values. Under the condition of this computational study, orthodontic loads can be applied in teeth previously treated with regenerative endodontics, since the distribution of stress is similar to those of physiologically mature teeth. In vivo studies should be performed to validate these results.
Viscous-inviscid interactions on axisymmetric bodies of revolution in supersonic flow (1984)

Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, the interaction between axisymmetric laminar boundary layers and inviscid supersonic external flows is investigated in the limit of large Reynolds numbers. The resulting triple-deck equations are solved numerically for two different cases of body shapes: a cylinder-cone configuration and a configuration consisting of two concentric cylinders which are connected by a smooth curve. Solutions to the linearized as well as the fully nonlinear equations are presented.
Synthesis of soluble polymers designed to degrade by intramolecular acid catalysis (2000)

The synthesis of water-soluble polymers derived form cis-aconitic acid and polyethylene glycols (PEG) is described. Polymeric units that maintained a free carboxylic acid cis to an amide bond in the polymer mainchain degraded by a hydrolytic mechanism at pH 5.5 lysosome and 2.0 gut. In vitro biocompatibility assays indicated this polymer to be biocompatible. However, decarboxylation reactions during the synthesis were identified as the probable cause for the generation of nondegradable elements in the polymer mainchain.
Influence of H[sub 2]O Dipole on Subthreshold Swing of Amorphous Indium–Gallium–Zinc-Oxide Thin Film Transistors (2010)

The original influence of water on the back-channel of sol–gel derived amorphous indium–gallium–zinc-oxide thin film transistors was studied in various relative humidity environments. As humidity increased from 0 to 80%, the mobility increased from , threshold voltage decreased from , and subthreshold swing changed from . The conflicting phenomenon among the three parameters was suggested to be due to a division of the gate voltage by the water molecules which adsorbed on the thin film transistor back-channel and acted as dipoles.
Flexible development and test system for 11 kW wind turbine (2004)

This paper describes a flexible development platform used to implement and test different control strategies for an 11 kW wind energy conversion system capable of working in both grid-connection and stand-alone operation modes. A dSPACE prototyper is used to implement the control and provide a high degree of flexibility allowing code development in Simulink. A back-to-back power conversion configuration is chosen where the generator converter uses standard flux vector control to control the speed of the shaft while the grid-side converter uses a standard PWM active rectifier control strategy implemented in the dSPACE controller. An on-line maximum power-tracking algorithm is also implemented. The design of the LCL filter and current controller is described. The flexibility of this development platform allowed relative complex control strategies to be implemented and tested in a short time.
Distinct Effects of T-bet in T <sub>H</sub> 1 Lineage Commitment and IFN-γ Production in CD4 and CD8 T Cells (2002)

T-bet is a member of the T-box family of transcription factors that appears to regulate lineage commitment in CD4 T helper (TH) lymphocytes in part by activating the hallmark TH1 cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). IFN-gamma is also produced by natural killer (NK) cells and most prominently by CD8 cytotoxic T cells, and is vital for the control of microbial pathogens. Although T-bet is expressed in all these cell types, it is required for control of IFN-gamma production in CD4 and NK cells, but not in CD8 cells. This difference is also apparent in the function of these cell subsets. Thus, the regulation of a single cytokine, IFN-gamma, is controlled by distinct transcriptional mechanisms within the T cell lineage.
Spatially Resolved Measurement of Inhomogeneous Electrocoloration/Insertion in Polycrystalline Molybdenum Oxide Thin Films via Chronoabsorptometric Imaging (2003)

A new integrated electrochemical and transmission optical microscopy approach is presented which allows for elucidation of inhomogeneous ion/charge-transfer behavior in polycrystalline electrochromic/insertion materials. Spatially resolved Li+ diffusion coefficients and ionic conductivities are determined from the time-lapsed optical density imaging response monitored during electrochemical potential-step perturbation. Non-uniform coloration changes and dispersed insertion kinetics are observed and associated with domain specific reactivity of polymorphous materials comprising alpha-MoO3 and beta-MoO3.
Real-Time Mode Switching and Beam Scanning of High-Gain OAM Waves Using a 1-Bit Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna (2020)

A reconfigurable electromagnetic surface has been studied to realize the adjustable orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams for real-time wireless communication and dynamic target detection in the future. OAM mode switching realized by many previous designs suffers from low gains without OAM beam scanning. In this article, a 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarray antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested for the real-time control of OAM mode switching and large-angle vortex beam scanning in three-dimensional space. The proposed reflectarray surface is composed of 1-bit electronically reconfigurable cells, and the size is 24 λ × 24 λ with 2304 units. The reconfigurable element is designed by using a radiation patch loading a PIN diode with effective control of two states, “ON” and “OFF”, for the demand of 180° phase difference. The reflectarray surface can be assigned to a code sequence of 0 or 1 by the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in real time. Henceforth, the coding surface can dynamically control the generation of high-gain OAM beams, where only the optimized phase distributions on the surface need to be changed according to demand. To verify the concept, a large-scale reflectarray surface is fabricated and measured with an oblique feed at 15°. Different OAM-carrying phase distributions for different OAM beam states are calculated and tested. The test results show that the OAM mode switching between l = 1 and l = 2 is realized, and other variable modes such as l = 3 or l = 5 can also be achieved by modifying the phase encoding sequence. Furthermore, the direction of the vortex beams can be accurately controlled with gains over 20 dBi, and the large-angle vortex beam scanning is verified. Therefore, all results demonstrate that the proposed 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarray is efficient for the regulation and control of OAM-carrying beams for the demand of real-time dynamic wireless communications in the future.
β-Cyclodextrin based pH and thermo-responsive biopolymeric hydrogel as a dual drug carrier (2018)

Herein, a novel biocompatible and stimuli-responsive network gel has been developed by grafting and crosslinking poly(<italic>N</italic>-isopropyl acrylamide) and poly(methacrylic acid) on cyclic oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin [β-CD-cl-(PNIPAm-<italic>co</italic>-PMAc)].
P‐16: Effect of TFT Mobility, Sub‐Threshold Swing, and Threshold Voltage on AMOLED‐Display Resolution (2014)

Abstract This paper presents the possibilities and design challenges of high definition active‐matrix backplanes using various TFT technologies. An analytical model for the minimum addressing time and hence the maximum resolution is presented in terms of various TFT device parameters, the process design‐rules, and other circuit parameters will be presented.
Human immune response to allergens of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (1988)

From the serum of 10 allergic subjects we have prepared IgG antibodies recognizing idiotopes carried by specific antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) allergens, and studied cross-reactivity of anti-Dpt IgG bystander and antigen-binding site-associated idiotopes by latex agglutination assays. Idiotopes of specific anti-Dpt IgE were evaluated by radioimmunoassays. Depending on the assay, a binding or inhibition of more than 50%, as compared to the reactivity of specific antibodies with the corresponding anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) IgG, was considered significant. Cross-reactivity of antigen-binding site-associated idiotopes attained a mean proportion of 6/10 for IgG and 9.6/10 for IgE. By contrast, bystander idiotopes cross-reacted only occasionally with a mean proportion of 2/10 for both IgG and IgE antibodies. Anti-Id antibodies from two subjects have been isolated by adsorption on insolubilized anti-Dpt antibodies of the corresponding patient. Using this purified material we have confirmed that (a) the majority of anti-Id antibodies carry an "internal image" of the initial antigen and compete in a dose-dependent manner with Dpt allergens for the binding to the anti-Dpt antibodies and (b) paratope-associated idiotopes of anti-Dpt antibodies are shared by unrelated individuals.
Ranking with Popularity Bias: User Welfare under Self-Amplification Dynamics (2023)

While popularity bias is recognized to play a crucial role in recommmender (and other ranking-based) systems, detailed analysis of its impact on collective user welfare has largely been lacking. We propose and theoretically analyze a general mechanism, rooted in many of the models proposed in the literature, by which item popularity, item quality, and position bias jointly impact user choice. We focus on a standard setting in which user utility is largely driven by item quality, and a recommender attempts to estimate it given user behavior. Formulating the problem as a non-stationary contextual bandit, we study the ability of a recommender policy to maximize user welfare under this model. We highlight the importance of exploration, not to eliminate popularity bias, but to mitigate its negative impact on welfare. We first show that naive popularity-biased recommenders induce linear regret by conflating item quality and popularity. More generally, we show that, even in linear settings, identifiability of item quality may not be possible due to the confounding effects of popularity bias. However, under sufficient variability assumptions, we develop an efficient optimistic algorithm and prove efficient regret guarantees w.r.t. user welfare. We complement our analysis with several simulation studies, which demonstrate the negative impact of popularity bias on the performance of several natural recommender policies.
Study on voltage distribution characteristic of a 363 kV fast multi‐break vacuum circuit breaker (2019)

Vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) has a longer life and shorter opening time than SF 6 circuit breaker, but current single‐break VCB cannot be applied in high‐voltage power system directly. Here, a fast 363 kV multi‐break VCB design is presented and its voltage distribution characteristic and stray capacitors are analysed. A three‐dimensional finite‐element model of modularised hexa‐break VCB composed of 12 vacuum interrupter modules installed on three series connected platforms is developed to calculate the voltage distribution and distributed capacitances. The result shows that the voltage distribution is uneven, and the first break shares the 67.974% of the whole applied voltage. On account of distributed capacitances parameters, an equivalent capacitance model with PSCAD is built to discuss the voltage distribution characteristic at different grading capacitance values, and the optimal grading capacitance value is determined to 10 nF.
Radiofrequency radiation‐induced calcium ion efflux enhancement from human and other neuroblastoma cells in culture (1989)

To test the generality of radiofrequency radiation-induced changes in 45Ca2+ efflux from avian and feline brain tissues, human neuroblastoma cells were exposed to electromagnetic radiation at 147 MHz, amplitude-modulated (AM) at 16 Hz, at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, and 0.0005 W/kg. Significant 45Ca2+ efflux was obtained at SAR values of 0.05 and 0.005 W/kg. Enhanced efflux at 0.05 W/kg peaked at the 13-16 Hz and at the 57.5-60 Hz modulation ranges. A Chinese hamster-mouse hybrid neuroblastoma was also shown to exhibit enhanced radiation-induced 45Ca2+ efflux at an SAR of 0.05 W/kg, using 147 MHz, AM at 16 Hz. These results confirm that amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation can induce responses in cells of nervous tissue origin from widely different animal species, including humans. The results are also consistent with the reports of similar findings in avian and feline brain tissues and indicate the general nature of the phenomenon.
Bam complex associated proteins in <i>Escherichia coli</i> are functionally linked to peptidoglycan biosynthesis, membrane fluidity and DNA replication (2023)

Abstract Biogenesis of the bacterial outer membrane is key to bacterial survival and antibiotic resistance. Central to this is the β-barrel assembly machine (Bam) complex and its associated chaperones, which are responsible for transport, folding and insertion of outer membrane proteins (OMPs). The Escherichia coli Bam complex is composed of two essential subunits, BamA and BamD, and three non-essential accessory lipoproteins, BamB, BamC and BamE. Optimal Bam function is further dependent on the non-essential periplasmic chaperones DegP, Skp and SurA. Despite intensive study, the specific function of these non-essential Bam-associated proteins remains unknown. Here, we analysed Δ bamB , Δ bamC , Δ bamE , Δ surA , Δ skp and Δ degP knockout strains by phenotypic screening, conservation analysis and high-throughput genetics. We reveal that Bam complex activity is impacted by changes in outer membrane lipid composition and that enterobacterial common antigen is essential in the absence of the chaperone SurA. We also show components of peptidoglycan are conditionally essential with Bam accessory lipoproteins and that DNA replication control is perturbed in the absence of specific OMP assembly components. Together, our data indicates potential mechanisms for coordination of OMP biogenesis with other cellular growth processes such as LPS and peptidoglycan biogenesis, and DNA replication control.
Tagging Potato leafroll virus with the jellyfish green fluorescent protein gene (2000)

A full-length cDNA corresponding to the RNA genome of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) was modified by inserting cDNA that encoded the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the P5 gene near its 3' end. Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts electroporated with plasmid DNA containing this cDNA behind the 35S RNA promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus became infected with the recombinant virus (PLRV-GFP). Up to 5% of transfected protoplasts showed GFP-specific fluorescence. Progeny virus particles were morphologically indistinguishable from those of wild-type PLRV but, unlike PLRV particles, they bound to grids coated with antibodies to GFP. Aphids fed on extracts of these protoplasts transmitted PLRV-GFP to test plants, as shown by specific fluorescence in some vascular tissue and epidermal cells and subsequent systemic infection. In plants agroinfected with PLRV-GFP cDNA in pBIN19, some cells became fluorescent and systemic infections developed. However, after either type of inoculation, fluorescence was mostly restricted to single cells and the only PLRV genome detected in systemically infected tissues lacked some or all of the inserted GFP cDNA, apparently because of naturally occurring deletions. Thus, intact PLRV-GFP was unable to move from cell to cell. Nevertheless, PLRV-GFP has novel potential for exploring the initial stages of PLRV infection.
The Phencyclidine/N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (PCP/ NMDA) Model of Schizophrenia: Theoretical and Clinical Implications (1993)

The hyperdopaminergic theory of schizophrenia cannot account for many dimensions of the illness.
Upgrading bio-based acetone to diacetone alcohol by aldol reaction using Amberlyst A26-OH as catalyst (2022)

Abstract The aldol reaction of bio acetone in presence of a strongly basic ion exchange resin was carried out with and without the addition of water in a temperature range between − 30 °C and 45 °C. The conversion, selectivity and service time of the ion exchange resins were investigated in a stirred batch reactor and a continuous fixed bed reactor. For the batch experiments, both conversion and selectivity increased with decreasing temperature. Furthermore, the addition of water to the reaction medium has a positive effect on selectivity and catalyst service time of the resins. For the continuous flow experiments carried out in a fixed bed reactor, the selectivity towards diacetone alcohol is higher than in a batch reactor. This high selectivity is favored by a short contact time which inhibits as expected most of the consecutive reactions.
A phenomenological model of an elastomer with an evolving molecular weight distribution (1999)

We present a model of an elastomeric material whose network microstructure is characterized by a molecular weight distribution (MWD). The MWD is allowed to evolve in time and the evolution is governed by an integro-differential equation that is based on chemo-kinetic mechanisms of crosslink degradation and main chain scission. With respect to main chain scission, we differentiate between random and centrally weighted events. We further introduce a particular network free energy function that is a generalization of the eight-chain model and a finite deformation viscoelasticity model. For this combination, we develop closed form solutions to two experimentally imposable strain histories. These results permit the calibration of the MWD evolution model. A sample calibration of the developed formalism is shown against hypothetical “experimental data”.
Invited Talk: Appliance Defined Ubiquitous Network (2007)

Many devices are expected to be networked with wireless appliances such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and wireless sensors, and the number of networked wireless appliances will greatly exceed the number of PCs and mobile telephones . This may lead to an essential change in the network architecture. This paper proposes a new network architecture called the appliance defined ubiquitous network (ADUN), in which wireless appliances will be networked without network protocol standards. Wireless space information rather than an individual appliance signal is carried over the ADUN in the form of a stream with strong privacy/security control. It should be noted that this is different from the architectural principles of the Internet. We discuss a network-appliance interface that is sustainable over a long term, and show that the overhead of the ADUN will be within the scope of the broadband network in the near future
Supraspinatus muscle elasticity measured with real time shear wave ultrasound elastography correlates with MRI spectroscopic measured amount of fatty degeneration (2017)

III.