gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of low transformation temperature weld filler metal on welding residual stress (2010)

The effect of weld filler metal austenite to acicular ferrite transformation temperature on the residual stresses that arise during the gas metal arc welding of a low carbon steel has been examined using a finite element model. It was found that the stress levels in the weld can be tailored by the appropriate selection of the filler metal and compressive, near zero or tensile residual stresses produced. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the model and the stresses measured using neutron diffraction both in welds using conventional and low transformation temperature filler metal.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Selectivity of Conformational Isomers Derived from p‐t‐ Butylcalix(4)arene. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
State-of-the-Art Review of Vortex-Induced Motions of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Structures (2022)

The motivation for this study is the fast development of floating offshore wind energy and the immature methodology and engineering practice related to predictions of vortex-induced motions (VIM). Benefiting from the oil and gas industry, in the past several decades, extensive knowledge and experience on vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) on slender marine structures has been gained. As the learnings from these efforts should be transferred and adapted to the renewable energy industry, a state-of-the-art review on influential VIM research has been carried out in this paper, focusing on: (1) engineering practice, (2) model tests, (3) numerical calculation, and (4) field measurement. Engineering gaps and potential research topics are identified as future work.
Monoclonal Antibody BW494 Defines a Blood Group Lewis/Type1 Chain-Related Antigen on Carcinoma-Associated Mucins (1993)

The murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) BW494 defines a carbohydrate epitope on a mucin-type glycoprotein which is expressed on the majority of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas of the pancreas. In this contribution we present evidence for the detailed structural requirements of the BW494 interaction with the glycan portions on (neo)glycoproteins or (neo)glycolipids as revealed by solid-phase binding assays and inhibition assays of BW494 binding to synthetic antigens or to the affinity-isolated cancer mucin CA494. The observed cross-reactivity of spacer-linked Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta (TF-beta) and Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta (type 1 chain) is indicative of an epitope that comprises a terminal Gal beta 1-3HexNAc unit. The active conformation of this epitope is critically influenced by the chemical environment of the terminal disaccharide, i.e. by adjacent aglycon or spacer moieties or by substitution with further sugar residues at the reducing end. Although a strong enhancement of antibody binding is observed for the type 1 chain derived Lea antigen, MAb BW494 is distinct in its reactivity from Lea-specific antibodies.
Salinity Tolerance of Picochlorum atomus and the Use of Salinity for Contamination Control by the Freshwater Cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena limnetica (2013)

Microalgae are ideal candidates for waste-gas and -water remediation. However, salinity often varies between different sites. A cosmopolitan microalga with large salinity tolerance and consistent biochemical profiles would be ideal for standardised cultivation across various remediation sites. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of salinity on Picochlorum atomus growth, biomass productivity, nutrient uptake and biochemical profiles. To determine if target end-products could be manipulated, the effects of 4-day nutrient limitation were also determined. Culture salinity had no effect on growth, biomass productivity, phosphate, nitrate and total nitrogen uptake at 2, 8, 18, 28 and 36 ppt. 11 ppt, however, initiated a significantly higher total nitrogen uptake. While salinity had only minor effects on biochemical composition, nutrient depletion was a major driver for changes in biomass quality, leading to significant increases in total lipid, fatty acid and carbohydrate quantities. Fatty acid composition was also significantly affected by nutrient depletion, with an increased proportion of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Having established that P. atomus is a euryhaline microalga, the effects of culture salinity on the development of the freshwater cyanobacterial contaminant Pseudanabaena limnetica were determined. Salinity at 28 and 36 ppt significantly inhibited establishment of P. limnetica in P. atomus cultures. In conclusion, P. atomus can be deployed for bioremediation at sites with highly variable salinities without effects on end-product potential. Nutrient status critically affected biochemical profiles--an important consideration for end-product development by microalgal industries. 28 and 36 ppt slow the establishment of the freshwater cyanobacterium P. limnetica, allowing for harvest of low contaminant containing biomass.
Analysis of curved and angled surfaces on a Cartesian mesh using a novel finite-difference time-domain algorithm (1995)

The widely accepted finite-difference time-domain algorithm, based on a Cartesian mesh, is unable to rigorously model the curved surfaces which arise in many engineering applications, while more rigorous solution algorithms are inevitably considerably more computationally intensive. A nonintensive, but still rigorous, alternative to this approach has been to incorporate a priori knowledge of the behavior of the fields (their asymptotic static field solutions) into the FDTD algorithm. Unfortunately, until now, this method has often resulted in instability. In this contribution an algorithm (denoted 'SFDTD' for second-order finite difference time domain) is presented which uses the static field solution technique to accurately characterize curved and angled metallic boundaries. A hitherto unpublished stability theory for this algorithm, relying on principles of energy conservation, is described and it is found that for the first time a priori knowledge of the field distribution can be incorporated into the algorithm with no possibility of instability. The accuracy of the SFDTD algorithm is compared to that of the standard FDTD method by means of two test structures for which analytic results are available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Motion-defined face and object recognition: Evidence from psychophysics, neuropsychology, and functional imaging (2010)

The studies we report concern recognition of complex objects, such as faces, defined solely by motion cues. Dynamic object shape cues, such as structure-from-motion, are thought to be largely mediated by dorsal-stream areas, such as MT and MST. However, object recognition in general, and unfamiliar face recognition in particular, are strongly believed to be mediated by ventral stream areas. Thus, recognition tasks involving motion defined faces offer a unique opportunity to probe dorsal-ventral integration and its role in complex object recognition. Here, we report data from several psychophysical, neuropsychological, and functional imaging studies that we have conducted in exploring these questions. Our results show that (a) purely motion-defined unfamiliar faces can be recognized, (b) classic effects such as the Inversion Effect may also apply to the recognition of unfamiliar faces defined by motion, (c) intact cortical motion processing mechanisms are necessary for the perception of structure-from-motion objects, (d) intact cortical face processing mechanisms are necessary for the recognition and learning of motion defined faces, and finally, (e) motion-defined faces may not engage the Fusiform Face Area, but the Occipital Face Area. Taken together, our results make several important theoretical contributions. First, that dorsal-ventral integration is necessary for motion-defined object recognition. Second, putative face areas identified thus far with face photographs may not be responsive to dynamic 3D percepts. Finally, the presence of this integration suggests our simplistic hierarchical view of the ventral stream is incomplete.
Twisted Hi-Bi Fiber DFB Lasers with Controllable Output Polarization (2012)

We demonstrate that single polarization, hi-bi fiber DFB lasers are in general characterized by elliptical state of polarization, due to the in-built fiber birefringence axis rotation. Externally applied birefringence-axis twist is shown to provide accurate control of the output SOP. Continuous tuning from circular to linear polarization, with PER of ~40dB has been demonstrated.
Complementary and layered expression of Ephs and ephrins in developing mouse inner ear (2002)

Abstract The distributions of the Eph‐class receptors EphA4 and EphB1, and their ligands ephrin‐A2, ephrin‐B1, and ephrin‐B2, were analysed by immunostaining in the mouse inner ear. Complementary patterns of EphA4 and its potential ligand ephrin‐A2 were found, with ephrin‐A2 in many of the structures lining the cochlear duct and within the cochlear nerve cells, and EphA4 in the deeper structures underlying the cochlear duct and in the cells lining the nerve pathway. EphB1 and its potential ligands ephrin‐B1 and ephrin‐B2 showed a segregated layered expression in the lateral wall of the cochlear duct (the external sulcus), which together with EphA4 expressed in the area, form a four‐layered structure with an alternating pattern of receptors and ligands in the different layers. This arrangement gives the potential for different bidirectional Eph‐mediated interactions between each of the layers. The results suggest that the Eph system in the cochlea may have a role in maintaining cell segregation during phases of cochlear development. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:207–216, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of BMP- and CaP-induced Bone Formation by Human Periosteum Derived Cells (2015)

Over 18 % of annual fractures of the tibia lead to non-unions, commonly caused by the critical size of the fracture, severely damaged surrounding tissue and/or genetic disorders. Due to limited treatment alternatives, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has recently emerged as a promising approach. In this setting, researchers aim to engineer cell-based constructs using a developmental biomimetic approach. Therefore, the combined interplay of osteoinductive biomolecules (Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), osteochondroprogenitor cells (human periosteum derived cells (hPDCs)) and osteoconductive carriers (calcium phosphate (CaP)-scaffolds) represents a promising strategy. However, limited information is available regarding the potency of distinct BMPs in inducing osteochondrogenic differentiation of hPDCs in a 3D CaP-environment. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to compare BMPs and investigate the mechanism of skeletal tissue formation by hPDCs, seeded onto BMP-coated CaP-scaffolds. Specific BMP ligands were selected based on the BMP receptor profile expressed by hPDCs. Following 2D stimulation, BMP-2, -4, -6 and -9 induced the most potent osteochondrogenic differentiation depicted by mRNA transcript analysis. Therefore, these were coated onto two clinically approved CaP-scaffolds, BioOss® and CopiOs®, followed by hPDC-seeding. After 24 hours, protein lysates were investigated for activation of BMP signaling pathways. Upon in vivo implantation, the most abundant bone formation was found in BMP-2 and BMP-6-coated scaffolds. Remnants of cartilage tissue could be observed in BMP-coated CopiOs®-constructs suggesting endochondral bone formation and implanted cells actively contributed to the newly formed bone. Computational analysis displayed that distinct BMP ligands demonstrate different potencies and mechanisms in inducing osteochondrogenic differentiation in both the in vitro and in vivo settings. Importantly, the specific BMP-ligand as well as the CaP-scaffold affects skeletal tissue formation, observed in a quantitative as well as qualitative manner. Furthermore, the in vitro mechanism can be reflected in the in vivo outcome, important for clinical translation. This study represents further evidence of the potential of BMP-technology in the development of cell-based constructs for bone regenerative strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: Organolanthanoid‐Catalyzed Hydroamination/Cyclization. Efficient Allene‐Based Transformations for the Syntheses of Naturally Occurring Alkaloids. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cyclosporin-A nephrotoxicity and acute cellular rejection in renal transplant recipients: correlation between radionuclide and histologic findings. (1986)

Serial radionuclide studies using both Tc-99m DTPA (perfusion) and I-131 hippuran (tubular function) were correlated with histologic findings in 25 patients with renal transplants. These cases included 15 cases of cyclosporin-A nephrotoxicity (CsA-NT) and ten cases of acute cellular rejection that were retrospectively selected on the basis of biopsy findings and favorable clinical response to therapy specific for each of these conditions. The serial radionuclide studies enabled the correct diagnosis in 12 of 15 cases of CsA-NT and eight of ten cases of acute rejection. Posttherapy radionuclide studies, furthermore, demonstrated improvement consistent with clinical response. In all cases, the radionuclide results were available at least 24 hours before biopsy findings. These results indicate that serial radionuclide studies evaluating interval changes in both perfusion and tubular function are of significant value in the diagnosis and follow-up of CsA-NT and acute cellular rejection in transplant recipients. This initial experience suggests a sensitivity of 80%.
Effect of Oxide Formation Mechanisms on Lead Adsorption by Biogenic Manganese (Hydr)oxides, Iron (Hydr)oxides, and Their Mixtures (2002)

The effects of iron and manganese (hydr)oxide formation processes on the trace metal adsorption properties of these metal (hydr)oxides and their mixtures was investigated by measuring lead adsorption by iron and manganese (hydr)oxides prepared by a variety of methods. Amorphous iron (hydr)oxide formed by fast precipitation at pH 7.5 exhibited greater Pb adsorption (gamma(max) = 50 mmol of Pb/mol of Fe at pH 6.0) than iron (hydr)oxide formed by slow, diffusion-controlled oxidation of Fe(II) at pH 4.5-7.0 or goethite. Biogenic manganese(III/IV) (hydr)oxide prepared by enzymatic oxidation of Mn(II) by the bacterium Leptothrix discophora SS-1 adsorbed five times more Pb (per mole of Mn) than an abiotic manganese (hydr)oxide prepared by oxidation of Mn(II) with permanganate, and 500-5000 times more Pb than pyrolusite oxides (betaMnO2). X-ray crystallography indicated that biogenic manganese (hydr)oxide and iron (hydr)oxide were predominantly amorphous or poorly crystalline and their X-ray diffraction patterns were not significantly affected by the presence of the other (hydr)oxide during formation. When iron and manganese (hydr)oxides were mixed after formation, or for Mn biologically oxidized with iron(III) (hydr)oxide present, observed Pb adsorption was similar to that expected for the mixture based on Langmuir parameters for the individual (hydr)oxides. These results indicate that interactions in iron/manganese (hydr)oxide mixtures related to the formation process and sequence of formation such as site masking, alterations in specific surface area, or changes in crystalline structure either did not occur or had a negligible effect on Pb adsorption by the mixtures.
Ion dynamics in an <i>E</i> × <i>B</i> Hall plasma accelerator (2015)

We show the time evolution of the ion velocity distribution function in a Hall plasma accelerator during a 20 kHz natural, quasi-periodic plasma oscillation. We apply a time-synchronized laser induced fluorescence technique at different locations along the channel midline, obtaining time- and spatially resolved ion velocity measurements. Strong velocity and density fluctuations and multiple ion populations are observed throughout the so-called “breathing mode” ionization instability, opening an experimental window into the detailed ion dynamics and physical processes at the heart of such devices.
Developing Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Protein Aggregation and Cellular Stress Responses (2020)

As the world's population ages, neurodegenerative disorders are poised to become the commonest cause of death. Despite this, they remain essentially untreatable. Characterized pathologically both by the aggregation of disease-specific misfolded proteins and by changes in cellular stress responses, to date, therapeutic approaches have focused almost exclusively on reducing misfolded protein load-notably amyloid beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease. The repeated failure of clinical trials has led to despondency over the possibility that these disorders will ever be treated. We argue that this is in fact a time for optimism: Targeting various generic stress responses is emerging as an increasingly promising means of modifying disease progression across these disorders. New treatments are approaching clinical trials, while novel means of targeting aggregates could eventually act preventively in early disease.
The Spin-Off of Scientific Services of Novartis into a New, Independent Technology Company Offering Services to the Pharmaceutical, Chemical, and Nutrition Industry (1999)

Starting on October 1, 1999, the three sections 'Central Analytics', 'Physics', and 'Catalysis Synthesis Services' of the Scientific Services of Novartis will operate as an independent company. The new company will have about 180 employees and will offer services to customers in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and nutrition industry as well as to authorities and service firms active in these fields. The focus of activities for the new company is the chemical and physical characterization (analytics), optimization of products and processes, and the development and application of special synthetic methods, in particular by utilizing catalysis. Support is offered via single services, comprehensive service packages, or by taking over assignments for entire areas. The combination of a high scientific and technical standard built up on an ISO 9001 quality-management system, including cGMP and GLP, with an attractive working environment will be the basis for an innovative center of chemical and physical expertise.
Towards Compute-Optimal Transfer Learning (2023)

The field of transfer learning is undergoing a significant shift with the introduction of large pretrained models which have demonstrated strong adaptability to a variety of downstream tasks. However, the high computational and memory requirements to finetune or use these models can be a hindrance to their widespread use. In this study, we present a solution to this issue by proposing a simple yet effective way to trade computational efficiency for asymptotic performance which we define as the performance a learning algorithm achieves as compute tends to infinity. Specifically, we argue that zero-shot structured pruning of pretrained models allows them to increase compute efficiency with minimal reduction in performance. We evaluate our method on the Nevis'22 continual learning benchmark that offers a diverse set of transfer scenarios. Our results show that pruning convolutional filters of pretrained models can lead to more than 20% performance improvement in low computational regimes.
Indwelling Central Venous Catheters Drive Bloodstream Infection During Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support (2021)

Blood stream infection (BSI) is a potentially lethal complication in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). It may be particularly common in patients with veno-venous ECMO due to their long hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Given that these patients have concurrent indwelling central venous catheters (CVC), it is unclear whether the ECMO circuit, CVC, or both, contribute to BSI. This study evaluated the risk factors associated with BSI in patients receiving veno-venous ECMO in a single institution study of 61 patients from 2016 through 2019. All ECMO catheters and the circuit oxygenator fluid were aseptically collected and analyzed for microorganisms at the time of decannulation. New BSI was diagnosed in 15 (24.6%) patients and increased mortality by threefold. None of the ECMO catheters or oxygenator fluid were culture positive. BSI increased with CVC use of over 8 days and was significantly lowered when CVC were exchanged by day 8 compared with patients with exchanges at later points (15.0% vs. 42.8%, p = 0.02). Median length of CVC use in the BSI-negative and BSI-positive group were 6.3 ± 5.0 and 9.4 ± 5.1, respectively (p = 0.04). In summary, BSI is a potentially lethal complication in patients receiving ECMO. Indwelling CVC, not the ECMO circuitry, is the likely contributor for BSI, and exchanging CVC by day 8 can reduce the incidence of BSI.
The interplay between genetics and epigenetics in colorectal cancer (2009)

Colorectal cancer epigenetics: complex simplicity Chapter 3 Methylation-specific PCR unraveled Chapter 4 Promoter methylation precedes chromosomal alterations in colorectal cancer development Chapter 5 Integrated analysis of chromosomal, microsatellite and epigenetic instability in colorectal cancer identifies specific associations between promoter methylation of pivotal tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes and specific chromosomal alterations Chapter 6 CHFR promoter CpG island methylation is an indicator of poor prognosis in stage II microtellite stable colorectal cancer Chapter 7 Promoter CpG island hypermethylationand H3K9me3 and H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic silencing targets the Deleted in Colon Cancer (DCC) gene in colorectal carcinogenesis without affecting neighboring genes on chromosomal region 18q21 Chapter 8 Gene silencing through promoter CpG island methylation and c-Myc overexpression; is there a connection?
Laser terahertz emission microscope (2011)

Recent progress of laser terahertz (THz) emission microscope (LTEM) is reviewed.Femtosecond lasers can excite the THz waves in various electronic materials due to ultrafast current modulation. The current modulation is realized by acceleration or deceleration of photo-excited carriers, and thus LTEM visualizes dynamic photo-response of substances. The developed systems have a minimum spatial resolution better than 1.0 &mu;m, which is defined by the laser beam diameter. We alos provide esamples of LTEM application to material science and semiconductor devise failure.
Dynamic and Responsive DNA-like Polymers (2018)

The synthesis of thiolactone monomers that mimic natural nucleosides and engage in robust ring opening polymerizations (ROP) is herein described. As each repeat unit contains a thioester functional group, dynamic rearrangement of the polymer is feasible via thiol-thioester exchange, demonstrated here by depolymerization of the polymers and coalescing of two polymers of different molecular weight or chemical composition. This approach constitutes the first step toward a platform that enables for the routine synthesis of sequence controlled polymers via dynamic template directed synthesis.