gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On alignment of nematic liquid crystals infiltrating chiral sculptured thin films (2012)

A structurally right-handed chiral sculptured thin film (STF) with a central 90º-twist defect was made by thermal evaporation of chalcogenide glass and the use of a serial bi-deposition process to exhibit a narrowband hole in the spectrum of the right-circularly polarized light reflected when right-circularly polarized light is normally incident on the chiral STF. The chiral STF was then infiltrated with a highly birefringent nematic liquid crystal (LC), which caused a linear reflectance peak to redshift by ~350 nm, but the circular Bragg phenomenon exhibited by the uninfiltrated chiral STF was greatly diminished owing to the similarity in the constitutive properties of the LC and the chalcogenide glass. No temperature dependence of the shifted peak was observed, which provided clear evidence that the LC molecules are not ordered inside the chiral STF but are randomly aligned instead.
A spiking neural network for illuminant-invariant colour discrimination (2013)

In this paper, we propose a biologically inspired spiking neural network approach to obtaining an opponent pair which is invariant to illumination variations and can be employed for colour discrimination. The model is motivated by the neural mechanisms involved in processing the visual stimulus starting from the cone photo receptors to the centre-surround receptive fields present in the retinal ganglion cells and the striate cortex. For our spiking neural network, we have employed the excitatory and inhibitory lateral synaptic connections, the Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) and long term potentiation and depression (LTP/LTD). Here, we employ a feed-forward leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neural network trained using a dataset of Munsell spectra. We have performed tests on perceptually similar colours under large illuminant power variations and done experiments on colour-based object recognition. We have also compared our results to those yielded by a number of alternatives.
Whole‐exome sequencing and targeted gene sequencing provide insights into the role of <i>PALB2</i> as a male breast cancer susceptibility gene (2016)

These results add strength to the evidence showing that PALB2 is involved in BC risk for both sexes and indicate that consideration should be given to clinical testing of PALB2 for BRCA1/2 mutation-negative families with multiple MBC and FBC cases. Cancer 2017;123:210-218. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Multicompartment Films Made of Alternate Polyelectrolyte Multilayers of Exponential and Linear Growth (2004)

The layer by layer deposition process of polyelectrolytes is used to construct films equipped with several compartments containing "free polyelectrolytes". Each compartment corresponds to a stratum of an exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayer film, and two consecutive compartments are separated by a stratum composed of a linearly growing multilayer that acts as a barrier preventing polyelectrolyte diffusion from one compartment to another. We use hyaluronic acid/poly(L-lysine) as the system to build the compartments and the poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine) system for the barrier. Using confocal microscopy, it is shown that poly(L-lysine) diffuses only within the compartment in which it was initially introduced during the film construction and is thus unable to cross the barriers. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate as a pH indicator, it is also shown that although poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine) multilayers act as a barrier for polyelectrolytes, they do not prevent proton diffusion through the film. Such films open the route for multiple functionalization of biomaterial coatings.
Response dynamics of the frequency comb output from a femtosecond fiber laser (2005)

The frequency comb from a mode-locked fiber laser can be stabilized through feedback to the pump power. An understanding of the mechanisms and bandwidth governing this feedback is of practical importance for frequency comb design and of basic interest since it provides insight into the rich nonlinear laser dynamics. We compare experimental measurements of the response of a fiber-laser frequency comb to theory. The laser response to a pump-power change follows that of a simple low-pass filter with a time constant set by the gain relaxation time and the system-dependent nonlinear loss. Five different effects contribute to the magnitude of the response of the frequency comb spacing and offset frequency but the dominant effects are from the resonant contribution to the group velocity and intensity-dependent spectral shifts. The origins of the intensity-dependent spectral shifts are explained in terms of the laser parameters.
Transcriptional analysis of the flagellar regulon of Salmonella typhimurium (1990)

In Salmonella typhimurium, nearly 50 genes are involved in flagellar formation and function and constitute at least 13 different operons. In this study, we examined the transcriptional interaction among the flagellar operons by combined use of Mu d1(Apr Lac) cts62 and Tn10 insertion mutants in the flagellar genes. The results showed that the flagellar operons can be divided into three classes: class I contains only the flhD operon, which is controlled by the cAMP-CAP complex and is required for expression of all of the other flagellar operons; class II contains seven operons, flgA, flgB, flhB, fliA, fliE, fliF, and fliL, which are under control of class I and are required for the expression of class III; class III contains five operons, flgK, fliD fliC, motA, and tar. This ordered cascade of transcription closely parallels the assembly of the flagellar structure. In addition, we found that the fliD defect enhanced expression of the class III operons. This suggests that the fliD gene product may be responsible for repression of the class III operons in the mutants in the class II genes. These results are compared with the cascade model of the flagellar regulon of Escherichia coli proposed previously (Y. Komeda, J. Bacteriol. 170:1575-1581, 1982).
NOx CONTROL OPTIONS AND INTEGRATION FOR US COAL FIRED BOILERS (2003)

This is the tenth Quarterly Technical Report for DOE Cooperative Agreement No: DE-FC26-00NT40753. The goal of the project is to develop cost effective analysis tools and techniques for demonstrating and evaluating low NO{sub x} control strategies and their possible impact on boiler performance for firing US coals. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is providing cofunding for this program. This program contains multiple tasks and good progress is being made on all fronts. During this quarter, progress was made on the computational simulation of a full-scale boiler with the purpose of understanding the potential impacts of burner operating conditions on soot and NO{sub x} generation. Sulfation tests on both the titania support and vanadia/titania catalysts were completed using BYU's in situ spectroscopy reactor this quarter. These experiments focus on the extent to which vanadia and titania sulfate in an SO{sub 2}-laden, moist environment. Construction of the CCS reactor system is essentially complete and the control hardware and software are largely in place. A large batch of vanadia/titania catalyst in powder form has been prepared for use in poisoning tests. During this quarter, minor modifications were made to the multi-catalyst slipstream reactor and to the control system. The slipstream reactor was installed at AEP's Rockport plant at the end of November 2002. In this report, we describe the reactor system, particularly the control system, which was created by REI specifically for the reactor, as well as the installation at Rockport.
Comparison on Functional Assays for Gq-Coupled GPCRs by Measuring Inositol Monophospate-1 and Intracellular Calcium in 1536-Well Plate Format (2008)

Cell-based functional assays used for compound screening and lead optimization play an important role in drug discovery for G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Cell-based assays can define the role of a compound as an agonist, antagonist or inverse agonist and can provide detailed information about the potency and efficacy of a compound. In addition, cell-based screens can be used to identify allosteric modulators that interact with sites other than the binding site of the endogenous ligand. Intracellular calcium assays which use a fluorescent calcium binding dye (such as Fluo-3, Fluo-4 or Fura-2) have been used in compound screening campaigns to measure the activity of Gq-coupled GPCRs. However, such screening methodologies require a special instrumentation to record the rapid change in intracellular free calcium concentration over time. The radioactive inositol 1,4,5- triphosphate (IP(3)) assay measures (3)H-inositol incorporation and is another traditional assay for the assessment of Gq-coupled GPCR activity, but it is not suitable for screening of large size compound collections because it requires a cell wash step and generates radioactive waste. To avoid these limitations, we have optimized and miniaturized a TR-FRET based IP-One assay that measures inositol monophosphate in a 1536-well plate format. This assay is homogenous, non-radioactive and does not require a kinetic readout. It has been tested with the cell lines expressing M(1) acetylcholine, FFAR1, vasopressin V1b, or Neuropeptide S receptors. The activities of antagonists determined in the IP-One assay correlated well with these measured in the intracellular calcium assay while the correlation of agonist activities might vary from cell line to cell line. This IP-One assay offers an alternative method for high throughput screening of Gq-coupled GPCRs without using costly kinetic plate readers.
Implications des communautés végétales péri-agricoles dans la dynamique environnementale des pollutions par les pesticides (2016)

Implications of field margin plant communities in the environmental dynamics of pesticides pollutions. Several types of regulations, at the European and national levels, advocate setting up vegetative buffer strips in order to control or prevent the contamination of ecosystems by agricultural pollutions. The specific implication of the plant communities that are part of the make-up of buffer zones will be assessed in the context of agriculture-linked pollutions by pesticides. The distribution of environmental contaminations involving pesticides and associated products shows that plant communities of vegetative buffer strips are confronted with chemical and xenobiotic stresses that show great fluctuations and complexity, with, among other characteristics, exposures to mixtures of low levels of pollutants. The physical and microbiological dimensions of plant action on the environmental dynamics of contaminating pesticides are well understood, but higher plants are also capable of efficient responses to chemical and xenobiotic stresses and of phytoremediation of pollutants. However, the direct phytoremediating roles of plants in vegetative buffer-zones have remained poorly appreciated, and the interferences that affect this capacity for phytoremediation are not fully understood either. It is therefore essential that integrative studies take into account the diversity of contaminants, the diversity of plant species that are used in buffer zones, their capacity to respond to organic xenobiotics under laboratory controlled conditions, and their ecophysiological behaviour under real field conditions. Such studies will be useful to optimize the depollution capacities of buffer zones in relation with the various modalities of contamination and combinations of pollutants.
Supplementary Table 5 from Selective Activity of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AR-42 against Leukemia Stem Cells: A Novel Potential Strategy in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 306K, Differentially expressed genes upon AR-42 treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Polyethylenimine, an Autophagy-Inducing Platinum-Carbene-Based Drug Carrier with Potent Toxicity towards Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells (2022)

The difficulty involved in the treatment of many tumours due to their recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy is tightly linked to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). This CSC sub-population is distinct from the majority of cancer cells of the tumour bulk. Indeed, CSCs have increased mitochondrial mass that has been linked to increased sensitivity to mitochondrial targeting compounds. Thus, a platinum-based polyethylenimine (PEI) polymer-drug conjugate (PDC) was assessed as a potential anti-CSC therapeutic since it has previously displayed mitochondrial accumulation. Our results show that CSCs have increased specific sensitivity to the PEI carrier and to the PDC. The mechanism of cell death seems to be necrotic in nature, with an absence of apoptotic markers. Cell death is accompanied by the induction of a protective autophagy. The interference in the balance of this pathway, which is highly important for CSCs, may be responsible for a partial reversion of the stem-like phenotype observed with prolonged PEI and PDC treatment. Several markers also indicate the cell death mode to be capable of inducing an anti-cancer immune response. This study thus indicates the potential therapeutic perspectives of polycations against CSCs.
Im2Pencil: Controllable Pencil Illustration From Photographs (2019)

We propose a high-quality photo-to-pencil translation method with fine-grained control over the drawing style. This is a challenging task due to multiple stroke types (e.g., outline and shading), structural complexity of pencil shading (e.g., hatching), and the lack of aligned training data pairs. To address these challenges, we develop a two-branch model that learns separate filters for generating sketchy outlines and tonal shading from a collection of pencil drawings. We create training data pairs by extracting clean outlines and tonal illustrations from original pencil drawings using image filtering techniques, and we manually label the drawing styles. In addition, our model creates different pencil styles (e.g., line sketchiness and shading style) in a user-controllable manner. Experimental results on different types of pencil drawings show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against existing methods in terms of quality, diversity and user evaluations.
Beneficial effects of erythropoietin in preclinical models of shock and organ failure (2007)

Erythropoietin protects many organs against the tissue injury and dysfunction caused by ischaemia/reperfusion and excessive inflammation. This editorial comment discusses the effects of erythropoietin in preclinical models of septic shock, endotoxemia, hemorrhagic shock, spinal cord trauma and zymosan-induced multiple organ failure.
Magnetic Characterization of Electrodeposited Pt<sub>1−x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub> Alloy Films: Influence of Deposition Potential and the Presence of Boric Acid (2022)

Pt 1-x Ni x (x = 0.25 to 0.92) thin films were examined for possible application as magnetic thermometers. The alloys were prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition from aqueous chloride-based solutions in the presence and absence of 0.5 mol dm −3 B(OH) 3 . Alloy composition was controlled by the deposition potential with the Ni concentration increasing towards more reducing potentials. Films with x &gt; 0.45 were ferromagnetic with the magnetization at 300 K increasing with nickel content. Magnetization vs temperature (M vs T) at 8 kA m −1 (100 Oe) showed an increase in the Curie temperature from less than 200 K to above 400 K for the alloys investigated. For films deposited at potentials &gt;−0.6 V vs the saturated calomel electrode (SCE), boric acid had negligible effect on the magnetization at the maximum applied field in M vs H measurements. In contrast, for depositions at more reducing potentials &lt;−0.6 V vs SCE the presence of boric acid resulted in diminished magnetization. This effect was attributed to elevated incorporation of oxygen (up to ∼4 atomic %), along with boron incorporation of about 400 μmol mol −1 .
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Environments – Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysts (2016)

The low efficiency of the electrocatalytic oxidation of water to O 2 (oxygen evolution reaction‐OER) is considered as one of the major roadblocks for the storage of electricity from renewable sources in form of molecular fuels like H 2 or hydrocarbons. Especially in acidic environments, compatible with the powerful proton exchange membrane (PEM), an earth‐abundant OER catalyst that combines high activity and high stability is still unknown. Current PEM‐compatible OER catalysts still rely mostly on Ir and/or Ru as active components, which are both very scarce elements of the platinum group. Hence, the Ir and/or Ru amount in OER catalysts has to be strictly minimized. Unfortunately, the OER mechanism, which is the most powerful tool for OER catalyst optimization, still remains unclear. In this review, we first summarize the current state of our understanding of the OER mechanism on PEM‐compatible heterogeneous electrocatalysts, before we compare and contrast that to the OER mechanism on homogenous catalysts. Thereafter, an overview over monometallic OER catalysts is provided to obtain insights into structure‐function relations followed by a review of current material optimization concepts and support materials. Moreover, missing links required to complete the mechanistic picture as well as the most promising material optimization concepts are pointed out.
Genetic variants in the CCR gene cluster and spontaneous viral elimination in hepatitis C-infected patients (2004)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in chronic hepatitis in more than 80% of infected patients while 10-20% of patients recover spontaneously. Host genetic factors may influence the ability to clear the virus after infection. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms and a 32 bp deletion in the genes coding for CCR3, CCR2 and CCR5 (which are all located in a cluster on chromosome 3) were investigated in 465 consecutively recruited patients infected with HCV and 370 matched controls. Genetic variants were tested for association with spontaneous viral elimination and, in the chronically infected patients, stage of fibrosis and response to antiviral therapy. The G190A polymorphism (variant allele Ile64) in the first transmembrane domain of CCR2 was under-represented in the 29 patients who had cleared the hepatitis C virus spontaneously (P = 0.018). None of the other variants in the CCR gene cluster showed association with the natural course of the infection, stage of fibrosis or response to therapy.
Contribution of strings to the observed variability of extragalactic sources of radiation (1996)

The mechanism for the fast variability introduced in the observed luminosity of compact extragalactic sources of radiation by the diffraction of electromagnetic radiation by cosmic strings is studied. Cosmic strings at cosmological distances can produce not only the observed variability but also a large increase in the observed luminosity of quasars. Curves of the variation of the luminosity are obtained and the characteristic times of the oscillations of the luminosity are presented for a string with density 1016 g/cm.
A new small-angle X-ray scattering facility utilizing a rotating anode, pin-hole collimation and a position-sensitive proportional counter (1975)

A new small-angle X-ray scattering facility which utilizes a 6 kW rotating anode, pin-hole collimation, and a position-sensitive proportional counter has been developed. As presently constructed, the minimum scattering vector κ (= 4π sin θ/2) which can be reached with Cu Kα radiation is 5 × 10−3 Å−1. Under these conditions the flux incident on the specimen has been found to be 6 × 105 photons s−1. The system has several advantages compared with traditional long-slit geometries; namely, (i) it can quantitatively measure anisotropic scattering distributions, (ii) it avoids large mathematical corrections of the data for slit-smearing effects, and (iii) it minimizes double Bragg scattering in crystalline materials and multiple diffuse scattering in amorphous or liquid materials. To illustrate the performance of this instrument, the scattering curves obtained from four widely different samples are shown. These are: polyethylene, a neutron-irradiated aluminium single-crystal containing voids, a dilute suspension of Ludox spheres, and duck tendon collagen. Quantitative comparisons of the performance with a Kratky camera and with the neutron small-angle scattering facility in Jülich are given.
7.7% Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells (2015)

By controlling the polymer/polymer blend self-organization rate, all-polymer solar cells composed of a high-mobility, crystalline, naphthalene diimide-selenophene copolymer acceptor and a benzodithiophene-thieno[3,4-b]thiophene copolymer donor are achieved with a record 7.7% power conversion efficiency and a record short-circuit current density (18.8 mA cm(-2)).
An Efficient Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydro‐6‐trifluoromethylpyridines: A Facile and Useful Method for Dehydration of α‐Trifluoromethyl Alcohols by Use of Phosphorus Oxychloride/Pyridine Adsorbed on Silica Gel. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Arterial Stiffness is Strongly Associated with Insulin Resistance in Chinese &amp;mdash;A Population-Based Study (Taichung Community Health Study, TCHS) (2011)

Arterial stiffness is independently associated with insulin resistance in Chinese middle-aged adults. Subjects with diabetes or IFG have higher baPWV than normoglycemic subjects.
Cooperative sensing technique for random secondary wireless networks (2015)

This paper investigates the optimal number of collaborating secondary users which can minimize the total error rate (i.e., the summation of probabilities of missed detection and false alarm) for cooperative spectrum sensing when the secondary users follow Poisson point process (PPP). The received signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at secondary users can vary since the practical locations and the amount of secondary users are various. In order to cope with the diversity of received SNRs, a practical cooperative spectrum sensing system model is proposed based on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector. Firstly, the analytical expressions of the probabilities of false alarm and detection are derived. Secondly, an efficient cooperative spectrum sensing technique is proposed, which only requires the least amount of cooperative secondary users to achieve the minimum total error rate. Furthermore, the analytical results reveal the chosen optimal numbers of collaborating secondary users can achieve the best spectrum sensing performance.
A molecular genetic approach to vision research: Crystallin gene expression in the lens (1983)

Recent work from our laboratory on the molecular genetics of the lens crystallins is reviewed briefly. Examples of how cDNA and genomic clones have been used for investigating the structure and expression of lens genes are described. Present evidence indicates that two inherited cataracts in mice may be associated with specific defects in crystallin gene expression. We anticipate that molecular genetic investigations in vision and ophthalmology will advance our basic understanding of the eye, reveal the basis of hereditary defects in the visual system, and contribute to our knowledge of the eukarvotic genome.
ChemInform Abstract: From Models to Molecules: Opioid Receptor Dimers, Bivalent Ligands, and Selective Opioid Receptor Probes (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.