gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of AlAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells grown by molecular beam and migration-enhanced epitaxy (1990)

The authors report on comparative measurements of the optical properties of undoped AlAs/GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures grown by conventional molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and by migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE). The structures were grown in pairs, one by MBE and one by MEE, at the same growth temperature which was varied between 530 degrees C and 680 degrees C. Growth conditions were monitored in all cases by observing RHEED oscillation behaviour and care taken to adjust the MEE conditions so that as nearly as possible each cycle of growth consisted of exactly one monolayer of the group III element. The growth structures were monitored by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by low-temperature photoluminescence measurements. Analysis of the XRD results shows that the widths of the quantum wells are close to the expected value (75 AA) for the MBE samples for all growth temperatures but tend to be slightly high for the MEE samples. The AlAs/GaAs interfaces are broadened by about 2 monolayers for one interface and 3/4 monolayers for the other. For the MEE samples grown at 630 degrees C and 680 degrees C the XRD spectra show significant deterioration in quality, with large variations in QW period. Analysis of PL spectra shows good agreement of well widths with the XRD measurements but reveals an important difference between the MBE and MEE samples. The latter spectra are dominated by the presence of extrinsic luminescence whereas the former show only intrinsic exciton lines. The exciton linewidths are close to 3 meV for all the MBE samples but are about a factor two larger for MEE samples grown at 530 degrees C and 580 degrees C (the exciton transitions being completely swamped by extrinsic emission for higher growth temperatures). The luminescent efficiencies of the exciton lines in the MEE samples are about an order of magnitude lower than those in the MBE samples. Comparison of excitation and emission spectra from the MBE samples shows no measurable Stokes shift and, taken with the almost constant linewidths, suggests that the interfaces in these samples are all in the pseudo-smooth regime where the terrace lengths are smaller than the exciton diameter.
Atomic Calligraphy: The Direct Writing of Nanoscale Structures Using a Microelectromechanical System (2013)

We present a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based method for the resist-free patterning of nanostructures. Using a focused ion beam to customize larger MEMS machines, we fabricate apertures with features less than 50 nm in diameter on plates that can be moved with nanometer precision over an area greater than 20 × 20 μm(2). Depositing thermally evaporated gold atoms though the apertures while moving the plate results in the deposition of nanoscale metal patterns. Adding a shutter positioned micrometers above the aperture enables high speed control of not only where but also when atoms are deposited. With this shutter, different-sized apertures can be opened and closed selectively for nanostructure fabrication with features ranging from nano- to micrometers in scale. The ability to evaporate materials with high precision, and thereby fabricate circuits and structures in situ, enables new kinds of experiments based on the interactions of a small number of atoms and eventually even single atoms.
Experimental Study on CDMA GaAs HBT MMIC Power Amplifier Layout Design for Reducing Turn-On Delay in Transient Response (2017)

This paper describes, for the first time, an experimental study on the layout design considerations of GaAs HBT MMIC switchable-amplifier-chain-based power amplifiers (SWPAs) for CDMA handsets. The transient response of the quiescent current and output power (Pout) in GaAs HBT power amplifiers that consist of a main chain and a sub-chain is often affected by a thermal coupling between power stages and their bias circuits in the same chain or a thermal coupling between power stages and/or their bias circuits in different chains. In particular, excessively strong thermal coupling inside the MMIC SWPA causes failure in 3GPP-compliant inner loop power control tests. An experimental study reveals that both the preheating in the main/sub-chains and appropriate thermal coupling inside the main chain are very effective in reducing the turn-on delay for the two-parallel-amplifier-chain topology; for example, i) the sub-power stage is arranged near the main power stage, ii) the sub-driver stage is placed near the main driver stage and iii) the main driver bias circuit is placed near the main power stage and the sub-power stage. The SWPA operating in Band 9 (1749.9 to 1784.9 MHz), which was designed and fabricated from the foregoing considerations, shows a remarkable improvement in the Pout turn-on delay: a reduced power level error of 0.74 dB from turn-off to turn-on in the sub-amplifier chain and a reduced power level error of over 0.30 dB from turn-off to turn-on in the main amplifier chain. The main RF power measurements conducted with a 3.4-V supply voltage and a Band 9 WCDMA HSDPA modulated signal are as follows. The SWPA delivers a Pout of 28.5 dBm, a power gain (Gp) of 28 dB, and a PAE of 39% while restricting the ACLR1 to less than -40 dBc in the main amplifier chain. In the sub-amplifier chain, 17 dBm of Pout, 23.5 dB of Gp, and 27% of PAE are obtained at the same ACLR1 level.
A High-Isolation, Ultra-Wideband Simultaneous Transmit and Receive Antenna With Monopole-Like Radiation Characteristics (2017)

A high-isolation, ultra-wideband simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) antenna with monopole-like radiation characteristics is presented. The proposed STAR antenna consists of a center-located monocone and a circular array of bent loops. The monocone and the array of loops are located in the near fields of each other and serve, respectively, as the transmit (TX) and receive (RX) antennas. To achieve omnidirectional, vertically polarized radiation patterns, the array factor of the bent loops is first examined. A circular top loading and four T-shaped parasitic elements are exploited to decrease the lowest frequency of operation of the antenna without increasing its occupied volume. Finally, based upon the analysis of the array factor, four directors are strategically mounted over the ground plane to enhance the omnidirectionality of the antenna in the azimuth plane. A prototype of the antenna operating in the UHF band is fabricated and measured. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed STAR antenna achieves an isolation greater than 40 dB from 0.6 to 1.75 GHz (2.9:1 bandwidth). Furthermore, the STAR antenna is capable of maintaining consistent monopole-like radiation patterns and vertical polarization for both the TX and the RX channels across the entire band of operation.
Transformation of dissolved organic matter by two <scp>Indo‐Pacific</scp> sponges (2022)

Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the largest organic carbon reservoir in the ocean and an integral component of biogeochemical cycles. The role of free‐living microbes in DOM transformation has been studied thoroughly, whereas little attention has been directed towards the influence of benthic organisms. Sponges are efficient filter feeders and common inhabitants of many benthic communities circumglobally. Here, we investigated how two tropical coral reef sponges shape marine DOM. We compared bacterial abundance, inorganic and organic nutrients in off reef, sponge inhalant, and sponge exhalant water of Melophlus sarasinorum and Rhabdastrella globostellata . DOM and bacterial cells were taken up, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen was released by the two Indo‐Pacific sponges. Both sponge species utilized a common set of 142 of a total of 3040 compounds detected in DOM on a molecular formula level via ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, species‐specific uptake was observed, likely due to differences in their associated microbial communities. Overall, the sponges removed presumably semi‐labile and semi‐refractory compounds from the water column, thereby competing with pelagic bacteria. Within minutes, sponge holobionts altered the molecular composition of surface water DOM (inhalant) into a composition similar to deep‐sea DOM (exhalent). The apparent radiocarbon age of DOM increased consistently from off reef and inhalant to exhalant by about 900 14 C years for M. sarasinorum . In the pelagic, similar transformations require decades to centuries. Our results stress the dependence of DOM lability definition on the respective environment and illustrate that sponges are hotspots of DOM transformation in the ocean.
Utilization of a combined EEG/NIRS system to predict driver drowsiness (2020)

The large number of automobile accidents due to driver drowsiness is a critical concern of many countries. To solve this problem, numerous methods of countermeasure have been proposed. However, the results were unsatisfactory due to inadequate accuracy of drowsiness detection. In this study, we introduce a new approach, a combination of EEG and NIRS, to detect driver drowsiness. EEG, EOG, ECG and NIRS signals have been measured during a simulated driving task, in which subjects underwent both awake and drowsy states. The blinking rate, eye closure, heart rate, alpha and beta band power were used to identify subject’s condition. Statistical tests were performed on EEG and NIRS signals to find the most informative parameters. Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis method was employed to classify awake and drowsy states. Time series analysis was used to predict drowsiness. The oxy-hemoglobin concentration change and the beta band power in the frontal lobe were found to differ the most between the two states. In addition, these two parameters correspond well to an awake to drowsy state transition. A sharp increase of the oxy-hemoglobin concentration change, together with a dramatic decrease of the beta band power, happened several seconds before the first eye closure.
PROTEOGLYCAN CORE PROTEIN FAMILIES (1986)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Comprehensive Expression Analysis of Cardiac Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Health and Pressure-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy (2022)

Enhanced fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with chronic kidney and heart disease. Experimentally, FGF23 directly induces cardiac hypertrophy and vice versa cardiac hypertrophy stimulates FGF23. Besides the bone, FGF23 is expressed by cardiac myocytes, whereas its synthesis in other cardiac cell types and its paracrine role in the heart in health and disease is unknown. By co-immunofluorescence staining of heart tissue of wild-type mice, we show that Fgf23 is expressed by cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Cardiac Fgf23 mRNA and protein level increases from neonatal to six months of age, whereas no age-related changes in bone <i>Fgf23</i> mRNA expression were noted. Cardiac myocyte-specific disruption of <i>Fgf23</i> using Cre-LoxP system (Fgf23<sup>fl/fl</sup>/cre<sup>+</sup>) caused enhanced mortality, but no differences in cardiac function or structure. Although pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) resulted in a slightly worse phenotype with a more severe reduced ejection fraction, higher end-systolic volume and more enlarged systolic LV diameter in Fgf23<sup>fl/fl</sup>/cre<sup>+</sup> mice compared to controls, this was not translated to any worse cellular hypertrophy, fibrosis or chamber remodeling. TAC induced <i>Fgf23</i> mRNA expression in whole cardiac tissue in both genotypes. Interestingly, co-immunofluorescence staining revealed enhanced Fgf23 synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells but not in cardiac myocytes. RNA sequencing of isolated adult cardiac myocytes, cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells confirmed significantly higher <i>Fgf23</i> transcription in cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells after TAC. Our data indicate that Fgf23 is physiologically expressed in various cardiac cell types and that cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells might be an important source of FGF23 in pathological conditions. In addition, investigations in Fgf23<sup>fl/fl</sup>/cre<sup>+</sup> mice suggest that cardiac myocyte-derived FGF23 is needed to maintain cardiac function during pressure overload.
Bronchoalveolar lavage metabolome dynamics reflect underlying disease and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (2022)

Abstract Background Progression of chronic lung disease often leads to the requirement for a lung transplant (LTX). Despite improvements in short-term survival after LTX, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains a critical challenge for long-term survival. This study investigates the relationship between the metabolome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from subjects post-LTX with underlying lung disease and CLAD severity. Methods Untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics was performed on 960 BALF samples collected over 10 years from LTX recipients with alpha-1-antitrypsin disease (AATD, n=22), cystic fibrosis (CF, n=46), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, n = 79) or pulmonary fibrosis (PF, n=47). Datasets were analyzed using machine learning and multivariate statistics for associations with underlying disease and final CLAD severity. Results BALF metabolomes varied by underlying disease state, with AATD LT recipients being particularly distinctive (PERMANOVA, p =0.001). We also found a significant association with the final CLAD severity score (PERMANOVA, p =0.001), especially those with underlying CF. Association with CLAD severity was driven by changes in phosphoethanolamine (PE) and phosphocholine lipids that increased and decreased, respectively, and metabolites from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa siderophores, quorum-sensing quinolones, and phenazines were detected in BALF, and 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ) was predictive of the final CLAD stage in samples from CF patients ( R =0.34; p ≤0.01). Relationships between CLAD stage and P. aeruginosa metabolites were especially strong in those with CF, where 61% of subjects had at least one of these metabolites in their first BALF sample after transplant. Conclusions BALF metabolomes after LTX are distinctive based on the underlying disease and reflect final CLAD stage. In those with more severe outcomes, there is a lipid transition from PC to predominantly PE phospholipids. The association of P. aeruginosa metabolites with CLAD stages in LTX recipients with CF indicates this bacterium and its metabolites may be drivers of allograft dysfunction. Key messages Despite the high prevalence of CLAD among LTX recipients, its pathology is not well understood, and no single molecular indicator is known to predict disease onset. Our machine learning metabolomic-based approach allowed us to identify patterns associated with a shift in the lipid metabolism and bacterial metabolites predicting CLAD onset in CF. This study provides a better understanding about the progression of allograft dysfunction through the molecular transitions within the transplanted lung from the host and bacterial pathogens.
Frustratingly Simple Few-Shot Object Detection (2020)

Detecting rare objects from a few examples is an emerging problem. Prior works show meta-learning is a promising approach. But, fine-tuning techniques have drawn scant attention. We find that fine-tuning only the last layer of existing detectors on rare classes is crucial to the few-shot object detection task. Such a simple approach outperforms the meta-learning methods by roughly 2~20 points on current benchmarks and sometimes even doubles the accuracy of the prior methods. However, the high variance in the few samples often leads to the unreliability of existing benchmarks. We revise the evaluation protocols by sampling multiple groups of training examples to obtain stable comparisons and build new benchmarks based on three datasets: PASCAL VOC, COCO and LVIS. Again, our fine-tuning approach establishes a new state of the art on the revised benchmarks. The code as well as the pretrained models are available at https://github.com/ucbdrive/few-shot-object-detection.
Towards clock skew based services in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Clock skew, an inherent property of clock crystals of physical devices, is defined as the rate of deviation of a device clock from the true time. The frequency of a device's clock actually depends on its environment, such as the temperature, humidity, vibration, electromagnetic interference, as well as the type of crystal. The main contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we experimentally validate that MICAz and TelosB sensor motes have different and unique clock skews. Furthermore, the clock skew of a node can easily be monitored, even via a multi-hop Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). We argue that this feature can be used for identification of the nodes, detection of wormhole and Sybil attacks. Second, we show that the clock skew of a sensor node varies with the variation of temperature. We explain how this property can be used to detect malicious and malfunctioning nodes and to geolocalise them. We also discuss the pros and cons of utilisation of the above two properties for different services in WSNs.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Slug Promotes Survival during Metastasis through Suppression of Puma-Mediated Apoptosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 97KB, Supplementary Fig. S3. FGFR controls Slug expression independently of ERK or AKT activation.&lt;/p&gt;
Simulation of ankle joint kinematics in sagittal plane using passive imaging data – a pilot study (2018)

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the radius of curvature of the tibia and talus, and to deduce ankle joint kinematics in the sagittal plane using passive imaging data. Methods: Imaging data of four subjects under passive conditions was used. Ligament positions were marked using MRI data to subscribe the four-bar linkage (FBL) mechanism at the ankle joint. Flexion motion of the assembly construct was simulated in the sagittal plane to determine the contact points on the tibial and talar dome surfaces. The radius of curvature was determined by fitting the contact points with a circle fit. Results: In addition to articular surfaces, calcaneofibular and tibiocalcaneal ligaments in the FBL play an important role in affecting the path of ankle joint motion. Two different linkage arrangements between the ligaments were observed in this study. The double-crank type arrangement by these ligaments generated the same contact path on the articular surface during dorsi- and plantarflexion, whereas the triple-rocker arrangement resulted in different paths. Conclusion: A higher order compliant mechanism, which includes additional ankle ligaments, needs to be developed and studied under load bearing conditions to achieve more accurate results.
Patrimonio, conflicto y relevancia histórica. Una experiencia formando a los futuros profesionales de la educación Heritage, conflict and historical relevance. An experience in teacher education (2014)

In recent years, the Association Lo Riu and DIDPATRI research group have developed several disemination and outreach actions related to Spanish Civil War sites, based on results from participatory and community research projects in the spaces of the Battle of the Ebro and with a special emphasis in teacher training. From 2012 to 2014 it has been developed a teaching experience as part of the subject of Teaching history (Elementary Education degree, University of Barcelona) with the aim of breaking prejudices, ideas and stereotypes traditionally associated with Spanish Civil War heritage sites. This kind of actions, related to a recent conflict, allows future teachers to push out into citizenship knowledge which reflect the complexity of teaching history, and introduces more learning skills in teaching and learning discipline.
Figure S3 from IOA-244 is a Non–ATP-competitive, Highly Selective, Tolerable PI3K Delta Inhibitor That Targets Solid Tumors and Breaks Immune Tolerance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation analysis of PI3Kd levels and the response to IOA-244 and Idelalisib&lt;/p&gt;
Discovery of RWJ-54428 (MC-02,479), a New Cephalosporin Active Against Resistant Gram-positive Bacteria. (2000)

The discovery of RWJ-54428 (MC-02,479), a new cephalosporin displaying promising activity against sensitive and resistant Gram-positive bacteria, is described. Progressive structural modification from the previously reported 3-phenylthiocephem MC-02,331 afforded an overall increase in potency against MRSA while retaining other key properties such as acceptable solubility and serum binding. Evaluation of the in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy of a series of closely related compounds resulted in selection of RWJ-54428 (MC-02,479) for further studies.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide is Eliminated from the Brain by Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-C-Mediated Brain-to-Blood Efflux Transport at the Blood—Brain Barrier (2010)

Cerebral atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is generated in the brain, has functions in the regulation of brain water and electrolyte balance, blood pressure and local cerebral blood flow, as well as in neuroendocrine functions. However, cerebral ANP clearance is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of blood-brain barrier (BBB) efflux transport of ANP in mouse. Western blot analysis showed expression of natriuretic peptide receptor (Npr)-A and Npr-C in mouse brain capillaries. The brain efflux index (BEI) method confirmed elimination of [(125)I]human ANP (hANP) from mouse brain across the BBB. Inhibition studies suggested the involvement of Npr-C in vivo. Furthermore, rapid internalization of [(125)I]hANP by TM-BBB4 cells (an in vitro BBB model) was significantly inhibited by Npr-C inhibitors and by two different Npr-C-targeted short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Finally, treatment with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) significantly increased Npr-C expression in TM-BBB4 cells, as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based targeted absolute proteomics. Our results indicate that Npr-C mediates brain-to-blood efflux transport of ANP at the mouse BBB as a pathway of cerebral ANP clearance. It seems likely that levels of natriuretic peptides in the brain are modulated by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) through upregulation of Npr-C expression at the BBB.
Axonal Transport and Cytoskeletal Changes in the Laminar Regions after Elevated Intraocular Pressure (2007)

Elevated IOP induced both axonal transport and cytoskeleton changes in the optic nerve head. Changes to the cytoskeleton may contribute to the axonal transport abnormalities that occur in elevated IOP.