gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Amino Acid Residues Contribute to a Cation-π Binding Interaction in the Binding Site of an Insect GABA Receptor (2011)

Cys-loop receptor binding sites characteristically possess an "aromatic box," where several aromatic amino acid residues surround the bound ligand. A cation-π interaction between one of these residues and the natural agonist is common, although the residue type and location are not conserved. Even in the closely related vertebrate GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors, residues in distinct locations perform this role: in GABA(A) receptors, a Tyr residue in loop A forms a cation-π interaction with GABA, while in GABA(C) receptors it is a loop B residue. GABA-activated Cys-loop receptors also exist in invertebrates, where they have distinct pharmacologies and are the target of a range of pesticides. Here we examine the location of GABA in an insect binding site by incorporating a series of fluorinated Phe derivatives into the receptor binding pocket using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, and evaluating the resulting receptors when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. A homology model suggests that two aromatic residues (in loops B and C) are positioned such that they could contribute to a cation-π interaction with the primary ammonium of GABA, and the data reveal a clear correlation between the GABA EC(50) and the cation-π binding ability both at Phe206 (loop B) and Tyr254 (loop C), demonstrating for the first time the contribution of two aromatic residues to a cation-π interaction in a Cys-loop receptor.
Synthesis of Tetraalkyl (Pyrrolidine-2,2-diyl)bisphosphonates and 2,2-Bis(diethoxyphosphoryl)-3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>- pyrrole 1-Oxide; ESR Study of Derived Nitroxides (1998)

peer reviewed
Laser localized coating of corrosion resistant metal over a steel weld bead (2016)

Coated steel sheet is one of the most important raw materials for the automotive industry. The commonly used Al or Zn based coatings on steel sheet provide a physical barrier and/or galvanic protection, and thus prevents a corrosive attack of the steel substrate. In order to make complex component or assembly, several steel sheets of various sizes, shapes, or thicknesses are welded together before or after being formed. Unfortunately, the process of welding together the precoated steel sheet pieces results in the formation of a weld joint that is devoid of anticorrosion protection. Re-formation of the protective coating over the weld joint could greatly improve the final product's quality in terms of resistance to corrosion. In this investigation, recoating of aluminum-silicon over laser weld joints has been explored by laser beam heating and powder injection. Precise coating over the weld joint was achieved. The produced coating on the welding bead is smooth when proper processing parameters are employed.
Supplementary Figure 2 from RK-33 Radiosensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells by Blocking the RNA Helicase DDX3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Wound-healing or scratch assay of RK-33 on DU145&lt;/p&gt;
Broadband parametric frequency comb generation with a 1-μm pump source (2012)

We report the first experimental demonstration of broadband frequency comb generation from a single-frequency pump laser at 1-μm using parametric oscillation in a high-Q silicon-nitride ring resonator. The resonator dispersion is engineered to have a broad anomalous group velocity dispersion region near the pump wavelength for efficient parametric four-wave mixing. The comb spans 55 THz with a 230-GHz free spectral range. These results demonstrate the powerful advantage of dispersion engineering in chip-based devices for producing combs with a wide range of pump wavelengths.
Eco‐Friendly Colorimetric Nanofiber Design: Halochromic Sensors with Tunable pH‐Sensing Regime Based on 2‐Ethyl‐2‐Oxazoline and 2‐<i>n</i>‐Butyl‐2‐Oxazoline Statistical Copolymers Functionalized with Alizarin Yellow R (2021)

Abstract Colorimetric nanofibers provide visual, easy‐to‐interpret sensors for personal use as well as advanced applications. The potential of 2‐ n ‐butyl‐2‐oxazoline (B) and 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline (E) statistical copolymers as a universal, versatile support platform for nanofibrous halochromic sensor design is demonstrated. These polymers are electrospinnable from eco‐friendly solvent systems, while wettability, moist adsorption capacity, and water‐solubility of the membranes can be easily tuned by changing the B/E monomer ratio, ensuring wide applicability. The halochromic sensing functionality is introduced by incorporating the alizarin yellow R (AYR) chromophore, which is covalently modified with an ethyl ester‐group or a short poly(2‐ n ‐butyl‐2‐oxazoline) chain, which is demonstrated to simultaneously prevent dye‐leaching and allows tuning of the halochromic pH‐sensing window. The colorimetric nanofibrous sensors reversibly respond toward aqueous solutions of different pH, (hydrochloric) acid and alkaline (ammonia) vapors, and several biogenic amines with detection limits as low as 5 ppb. Tunability of sensor responsivity, sensitivity, and pKa via manipulation of dye–polymer interactions, determined by support polymer structure and semi‐crystallinity, as well as the chain length of the AYR‐modified polymer, are discussed. Preliminary proof‐of‐principle studies indicate the potential of the developed sensors for sub‐ppm biogenic amine vapor detection, which may serve as the basis for future applications in food packaging or breath analysis.
Dynamics and Bifunctional Substrate Activation by an Arginine Drive Catalysis in Plant Chalcone Isomerases (2018)

In organic synthesis, bifunctional chiral catalysts are an increasingly popular tool to position and stabilize a nucleophile and activate an electrophile for asymmetric addition reactions. It turns out that organic chemists were not first to employ this synthetic strategy, plants have been using an similar method for quite some time (~500 million years). By using techniques in structural biology, enzymology and NMR, we characterize a novel mechanism by which the enzyme chalcone isomerase (CHI) catalyzes oxa‐Michael cyclizations of 2′‐hydroxychalcones into flavanones; a key early step in the synthesis of flavonoid compounds in plants. The enzyme enhances these reaction rates by utilizing the guanidine of a conserved arginine in a bifunctional capacity to position the nucleophilic phenoxide and activate the electrophilic enone of the chalcone substrate. In addition, we reveal the structural and biochemical basis of an evolutionary neofunctionalization event, in which a divergent clade of CHIs unique to Legumes expanded it's substrate repertoire to include 6′‐deoxychalcone substrates. Together these results reveal the details of key evolutionary mechanistic innovations unique to this class of plant enzymes. Support or Funding Information HHMI This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
&lt;title&gt;Mechanical resistance of silver halide infrared fibers&lt;/title&gt; (1992)

Flexibility resistance of silver-halide infrared fibers was investigated in the plastic bending regime, which is especially useful for internal medical applications. The CO2 laser transmission of the fibers was measured in several positions while being bent. The fibers have been found to operate even after large plastic deformations, and values for various fibers and bending conditions are reported.
Conifer Chemical Defenses Against Bark Beetles: The Modulation of Monoterpene Biosynthesis by Wounding, Environmental Stress, and Ethylene (2018)

Conifers are an ancient, yet successful, group of plants, well adapted to harsh environmental conditions. Conifers possess unique physical and chemical defenses that help them overcome fungal and insect attacks. Oleoresin, a major component of this defense is a complex mixture of terpenoids, mainly composed of volatile monoterpenes (turpentine) and nonvolatile resin acids (rosin). These water-insoluble toxic phytochemicals are biosynthesized and stored in specialized anatomical structures. This chapter discusses the biochemical mechanisms by which constitutive and induced oleoresin are formed. In many conifers, the levels of monoterpenes and diterpenoid resin acids present in wounds are higher than in control (nonwounded) tissues and, in many instances, fungal infection causes further accumulation of oleoresin compared with aseptic wounds. To test the hypothesis that ethylene is involved in monoterpene biosynthesis in grand fir, and to further assess individual tree-to-tree variation in this response, grand fir saplings were either wounded, or wounded and treated with ethrel, a chemical that releases ethylene.
Biosynthesis of the Sex Pheromone Component (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl Acetate in the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana, Involving ∆11 Desaturation and an Elusive ∆7 Desaturase (2021)

The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, uses (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate as its major sex pheromone component. Through in vivo labeling experiments we demonstrated that the doubly unsaturated pheromone component is produced by ∆11 desaturation of tetradecanoic acid, followed by chain shortening of (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid to (Z)-9-dodecenoic acid, and subsequently introduction of the second double bond by an unknown ∆7 desaturase, before final reduction and acetylation. By sequencing and analyzing the transcriptome of female pheromone glands of L. botrana, we obtained 41 candidate genes that may be involved in sex pheromone production, including the genes encoding 17 fatty acyl desaturases, 13 fatty acyl reductases, 1 fatty acid synthase, 3 acyl-CoA oxidases, 1 acetyl-CoA carboxylase, 4 fatty acid transport proteins and 2 acyl-CoA binding proteins. A functional assay of desaturase and acyl-CoA oxidase gene candidates in yeast and insect cell (Sf9) heterologous expression systems revealed that Lbo_PPTQ encodes a ∆11 desaturase producing (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid from tetradecanoic acid. Further, Lbo_31670 and Lbo_49602 encode two acyl-CoA oxidases that may produce (Z)-9-dodecenoic acid by chain shortening (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid. The gene encoding the enzyme introducing the E7 double bond into (Z)-9-dodecenoic acid remains elusive even though we assayed 17 candidate desaturases in the two heterologous systems.
Professional Identity of Normal University Directional Training Students for Being Teachers in Rural Areas (2022)

The professional identity and teaching intention of normal university students who took a targeted training program for certain areas were analyzed by using a questionnaire survey and unstructured interviews. After graduation, the students who completed the targeted training program become teachers in rural areas. The students attended a university in Jiangsu Province, China and majord geography during 2016−2019. The results showed that the students had a certain degree of professional identity and gradually deepened their knowledge in college training. However, their professional identity and improvement degree were lower than those of students who did not take the targeted training program. 27.33% of the students with the targeted training program chose to work in the rural areas after the mandatory service period. In the process of the targeted training program, we proposed to improve the publicity of the program, optimize the training system, and raise the payment to ensure their continuous work even after the mandatory period.
Obesity, energy balance and spermatogenesis (2017)

Obesity has grown to pandemic proportions. It affects an increasing number of children, adolescents and young adults exposed to the silent comorbidities of this disorder for a longer period. Infertility has arisen as one important comorbidity associated with the energy dysfunction promoted by obesity. Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process that is determined by specific energetic requirements. The reproductive potential of males relies on hormonal-dependent and -independent stimuli that control sperm quality. There are conflicting data concerning the impact of male overweight and obesity on sperm quality, as well as on the possible paternal-induced epigenetic trait inheritance of obesity. In addition, it remains a matter of debate whether massive weight loss induced by lifestyle interventions, drugs or bariatric surgery may or may not benefit obese men seeking fatherhood. Herein, we propose to discuss how energy balance may modulate hormonal signalling and sperm quality in overweight and obese men. We also discuss some molecular mechanisms that mediate obesity-related dysfunction in male reproductive system and how paternal obesity may lead to trait inheritance. Finally, we will discuss how lifestyle modifications and sustained weight loss, particularly the loss achieved by bariatric surgery, may revert some of the deleterious effects of obesity in men and their offspring.
Abstract 107: Home Health Care After Discharge is Associated With Less Early Readmissions for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (2020)

Objective: Home health care (HHC) is a support tool to transition patients after discharge and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. However, little is known regarding the impact of HHC on AMI patients. We sought to identify predictors of readmissions among AMI patients, characteristics of those who receive HHC and investigate the association of HHC with readmission. Methods: We queried the National Readmission Database (NRD) (January 2012 - December 2014), to identify patients discharged after AMI and selected patients who were discharged home with (HHC+) and without HHC (HHC-). We reported national estimates with survey methods with weights provided in our data. After univariate exploratory analyses, we developed a regression model to identify the probability of each patient to receive HHC. From the propensity score, we calculated average treatment on the treated (ATT) weights. These ATT weights were included in the logistic regression model to determine the impact of HHC on readmission after adjusting for available clinical confounders. We considered post-weighting standardized differences &lt;10% as appropriate for our ATT model. To determine clinical factors associated with readmission, we also performed a multi-variable logistic regression with readmission as the end-point. All results were reported as risk ratios (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Between January 2012 to December 2014, 406,237 patients were treated for AMI and discharged home with or without HHC. Among these 9.4% (38,215) received HHC. HHC+ patients were older (mean age 77 ± 11 vs 60 ±12 years p&lt;0.001), more likely to be female (53.6% vs. 26.9%, p &lt;0.001), and have cancer (3.7% vs 1.3%, p &lt;0.001), congestive heart failure (5.7% vs. 0.5%, p &lt;0.001), chronic pulmonary disease (23.2% vs. 12.7%, p &lt;0.001), chronic kidney disease (26.9% vs 6.9%, p &lt;0.001), diabetes (35.6% vs. 26.7%, p &lt;0.001), hypertension (70.7% vs. 64.8%, p &lt;0.001) and peripheral vascular disease (14.6% vs 6.4%, p &lt;0.001). Patients readmitted after MI were more likely to be older and have diabetes (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.37-1.48), CHF (RR 5.89, CI 5.55-6.26) or COPD (RR 1.59, 1.52-1.65). Unadjusted 30-day readmission rate was 20.9% for HHC+ and 8.2% for HHC- patients. Propensity-weighted adjustment for covariates yielded 36,979 HHC+ patients and 37,785 HHC- patients. Adjusted risk rations (RR) for 30-day readmission were computed using ATT weights, and HHC+ patients had significantly lower readmission risk (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 - 0.96) compared to HHC- (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 - 1.21; p &lt; 0.001) Conclusion: In the United States, a small proportion of patients receive home health care after discharge post-AMI. Older, females and those with diabetes or heart failure are more likely to receive home health care. Use of home health care may be associated with lower 30-day readmission rates after AMI.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Chemistry of the Preparation of Tailor‐Made Catalytic Materials Based on Mixed Oxides (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Membrane Technologies at the Service of Sustainable Development through Process Intensification (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction From Definitions to Function: A Few Fundamental Ideas The Need for More Integrated Views on Materials and Process Conditions Use of Hybrid Processes and New Operating Modes: The Key to Many Problems Safe Management of Membrane Integration in Industrial Processes: A Huge Challenge Conclusions References
Very High-Resolution Remote Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities [Point of View] (2012)

Advanced information processing and architectures will be needed to bridge the gap between the potential offered by the new generations of sensors and the needs of the end-users to actually face tomorrow's challenges in many applications with a very high societal impact. As remote sensing researchers and engineers, this is our passion, our charge, and our responsibility.
Time Pressure Based Human Workload and Productivity Compatible System for Human-Robot Collaboration (2022)

This paper presents a human-robot collaboration (HRC) system which balance human workload and system productivity by using time pressure. To adjust time pressure using a real robot, we introduce a task scheduler that determines the intervention timing considering the movement limitation of the system and an interaction system using perception modality according to the work content. Our system was evaluated through a subjective experiment. In the experiment, workload and productivity were estimated using a physiological signal such as pupil diameter, subjective evaluation, and operation time. Based on the results of the experiment, we investigated the relation between workload and efficacy under the conditions of several time pressures. The result shows that the proposed HRC system can control time pressure, which can affect human workload and productivity.
Intratracheal administration of cyclooxygenase-1-transduced adipose tissue-derived stem cells ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats (2014)

The effect of intratracheal administration of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-modified adipose stem cells (ASCs) on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (MCT-PH) was investigated in the rat. The COX-1 gene was cloned from rat intestinal cells, fused with a hemagglutanin (HA) tag, and cloned into a lentiviral vector. The COX-1 lentiviral vector was shown to enhance COX-1 protein expression and inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells without increasing apoptosis. Human ASCs transfected with the COX-1 lentiviral vector (ASCCOX-1) display enhanced COX-1 activity while exhibiting similar differentiation potential compared with untransduced (native) ASCs. PH was induced in rats with MCT, and the rats were subsequently treated with intratracheal injection of ASCCOX-1 or untransduced ASCs. The intratracheal administration of ASCCOX-1 3 × 10(6) cells on day 14 after MCT treatment significantly attenuated MCT-induced PH when hemodynamic values were measured on day 35 after MCT treatment whereas administration of untransduced ASCs had no significant effect. These results indicate that intratracheally administered ASCCOX-1 persisted for at least 21 days in the lung and attenuate MCT-induced PH and right ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, vasodilator responses to the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside were not altered by the presence of ASCCOX-1 in the lung. These data emphasize the effectiveness of ASCCOX-1 in the treatment of experimentally induced PH.
Rheumatoid arthritis vaccine therapies: perspectives and lessons from therapeutic ligand epitope antigen presentation system vaccines for models of rheumatoid arthritis (2015)

The current status of therapeutic vaccines for autoimmune diseases is reviewed with rheumatoid arthritis as the focus. Therapeutic vaccines for autoimmune diseases must regulate or subdue responses to common self-antigens. Ideally, such a vaccine would initiate an antigen-specific modulation of the T-cell immune response that drives the inflammatory disease. Appropriate animal models and types of T helper cells and signature cytokine responses that drive autoimmune disease are also discussed. Interpretation of these animal models must be done cautiously because the means of initiation, autoantigens, and even the signature cytokine and T helper cell (Th1 or Th17) responses that are involved in the disease may differ significantly from those in humans. We describe ligand epitope antigen presentation system vaccine modulation of T-cell autoimmune responses as a strategy for the design of therapeutic vaccines for rheumatoid arthritis, which may also be effective in other autoimmune conditions.
A New Luminescent Material, Sr<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>10</sub>SiO<sub>20</sub>:Tb<sup>3+</sup> (2002)

A new luminescent material, Sr3Al10SiO20:Tb3+, has been synthesized. This material exhibits a main emission peak at 530 nm that appears green to the eye. The relative emission intensity of the material is higher than those of Tb3+-doped strontium aluminum silicates, Sr2Al2SiO7 and SrAl2Si2O8, as well as that of strontium aluminate, SrAl12O19, under UV excitation.
<sup>1</sup>H editing of 2‐deuterated exogenous and natural endogenous <scp>D</scp>‐glucose in biological samples (1993)

A spin-echo based 1H homonuclear pulse sequence, enabling the selective editing of homonuclear first-order J-multiplet types, is presented and analyzed. Its effectiveness in quantification applications is assessed. Its potential usefulness in the quantitative distinction between 2-deuterated and natural D-glucose in biological samples is briefly discussed, with emphasis on studies of hexose metabolism conducted in vitro.
Three-Dimensional Quantification of Fiber-Like Structures in Biological Tissues (2017)

We develop 3D directional variance as a quantitative biomarker of truly 3D fibrillar organization, and establish its applications by characterizing collagen fibers and neuronal axons in the context of breast cancer and traumatic brain injury.
Current Progress and Technological Challenges in Translational <scp>3D</scp> Bioprinting (2022)

The field of organ transplant faces several shortcomings despite the countless lives that were saved since the first successful procedure in 1954. Over the past many decades, there is an increase in patient death because of the insufficient organ donors. The field of bioprinting holds great promise for its ability to print biocompatible materials and most importantly to dispense cell-laden biomaterials for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues and organs. The process of 3D bioprinting has been applied in the field of regenerative therapy that helps to address the necessity of artificial tissues or organs for transplantation. Compared to the non-biological printing such as the polymeric scaffold printing, bioprinting represents a higher degree of complexity as it involves an increased number of parameters directly affecting the manufacturing process. The process of bioprinting is also associated with multiple challenges such as printing resolution, maintenance of the shape fidelity and porosity, maintenance of cell viability, reproducibility, and many more. In this perspective, this review gives an overview on the critical challenges in the bioprinting process.