gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amelioration of salt affected soils in rice paddy system by application of organic and inorganic amendments (2013)

Combined application of organic and inorganic amendments was known to play a significant role in improvement of soil properties. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of gypsum, farmyard manure and commercial humic acid application on the amelioration of salt affected (saline sodic) soil. During this study, soil pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, responses of root length and rice paddy yield were examined. Application of gypsum with or without farm manure and commercial humic acid decreased soil pH (8.26%), electrical conductivity (from 6.35 dS/m to 2.65 dS/m) and sodium adsorption ratio (from 26.56 to 11.60), and increased root length (from 9.17 cm to 22.6 cm) and paddy yield (from 695.7 kg/ha to 1644 kg/ha). A negative but significant correlation was observed between root length and electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio (r = -0.93; -0.94, respectively, P ≤ 0.05), whereas positive and significant correlation with paddy yield (r = 0.96; P ≤ 0.05).
High-energy dissipative soliton-driven fiber optical parametric oscillator emitting at 1.7 <i>µ</i>m (2018)

International audience
Allosteric activation of the nitric oxide receptor soluble guanylate cyclase mapped by cryo-electron microscopy (2019)

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary receptor for nitric oxide (NO) in mammalian nitric oxide signaling. We determined structures of full-length <i>Manduca sexta</i> sGC in both inactive and active states using cryo-electron microscopy. NO and the sGC-specific stimulator YC-1 induce a 71° rotation of the heme-binding β H-NOX and PAS domains. Repositioning of the β H-NOX domain leads to a straightening of the coiled-coil domains, which, in turn, use the motion to move the catalytic domains into an active conformation. YC-1 binds directly between the β H-NOX domain and the two CC domains. The structural elongation of the particle observed in cryo-EM was corroborated in solution using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). These structures delineate the endpoints of the allosteric transition responsible for the major cyclic GMP-dependent physiological effects of NO.
Mini-Teleoperation Technology for Space Research (1995)

A small direct drive serial manipulator has been developed for applications in sample handling for scientific payloads in space. The manipulator is about 15 cm in length, and has 5-10 microns positioning precision. The prototype forms the basis for design of the MicroTrex flight experiment for NASA. The experiment will measure performance of the robot in low earth orbit under control from a ground station. This paper describes the design of the manipulator, some experimental results of the manipulator performance, and plans for space flight testing.
Supplemental figures from Cyclin A2 and CDK2 as Novel Targets of Aspirin and Salicylic Acid: A Potential Role in Cancer Prevention (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures 1-6&lt;/p&gt;
An Evaluation of the Mechanical Failure Modalities of a Rotating Hinge Knee Prosthesis (1988)

The clinical and metallurgical performance of 12 retrieved Noiles total knee prostheses was investigated. Clinical histories and serial roentgenograms were used in conjunction with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard implant retrieval and analysis techniques to assess device performance. All of the devices were removed because of implant loosening with pain, while two devices also had a late infection. The average time in situ for all devices was four years. Roentgenographically, all of the devices showed signs of progressive radiolucencies. Ten (83%) of the devices migrated proximally within the femur. A marked varus drift was observed in eight (67%) of the retrieved prostheses. Hypertrophy of the femoral cortex was observed in eight (67%) of the cases. Seventy-three percent of the polyethylene tibial stems exhibited extensive wear on the anterior and medial aspects of the articulating surface. Extensive wear was also seen on the anterior and extreme posterior aspects in 92% of the polyethylene tibial plateau bearings. This wear was a consequence of the migration of the femoral component leading to buttressing of the plastic components against bone or bone cement. This study indicates serious design flaws in the Noiles knee prosthesis that unless corrected would question the use of the device in either primary or revision knee surgery.
Gene expression profiling supports the hypothesis that human ovarian surface epithelia are multipotent and capable of serving as ovarian cancer initiating cells (2009)

Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that human ovarian surface epithelia are multipotent and capable of serving as the origin of ovarian adenocarcinoma. While our findings do not rule out the possibility that ovarian cancers may also arise from other sources, they are inconsistent with claims that ovarian surface epithelia cannot serve as the origin of ovarian cancer initiating cells.
Dynamics of Inter- and Intrastrand Hole Transport in DNA Hairpins (2002)

The dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer has been investigated in DNA hairpins possessing a stilbenedicarboxamide (Sa) electron acceptor, a guanine (G) primary donor, and two adjacent guanines (GG) as secondary donors. Hole transport from G to GG across a single A is more rapid than across AA or T by factors of 20 +/- 7 and 40 +/- 15, respectively. Intrastrand hole transport across a single A is more rapid than interstrand transport by a factor of 7 +/- 3.
The critical <i>C</i>‐terminus of the small subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase is mobile and conformationally similar to <i>C</i>‐terminal peptides (1994)

The C-terminus of the small subunit of class I ribonucleotide reductases is essential for subunit association and enzymatic activity. 1H NMR analysis of the small subunit (2 x 38 kDa as a homodimer) of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase shows that this critical binding site is mobile and exposed in relation to the rest of the protein. Assignments of six C-terminal amino acids are made by comparing the TOCSY and NOESY spectra of the small subunit with the spectra of an identical protein truncated by seven amino acids at the C-terminus and the spectra of an analogous 15 amino acid peptide. The mobility of the C-terminus may be important for subunit recognition and could be general for other ribonucleotide reductases. The spectral comparisons also suggest that the six C-terminal amino acids of the small subunit and peptide are conformationally similar. This observation may be important for the design of inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase subunit association.
Therapeutic targeting of BAG3: considering its complexity in cancer and heart disease (2021)

Bcl2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) is expressed ubiquitously in humans, but its levels are highest in the heart, the skeletal muscle, and the central nervous system; it is also elevated in many cancers. BAG3's diverse functions are supported by its multiple protein-protein binding domains, which couple with small and large heat shock proteins, members of the Bcl2 family, other antiapoptotic proteins, and various sarcomere proteins. In the heart, BAG3 inhibits apoptosis, promotes autophagy, couples the β-adrenergic receptor with the L-type Ca2+ channel, and maintains the structure of the sarcomere. In cancer cells, BAG3 binds to and supports an identical array of prosurvival proteins, and it may represent a therapeutic target. However, the development of strategies to block BAG3 function in cancer cells may be challenging, as they are likely to interfere with the essential roles of BAG3 in the heart. In this Review, we present the current knowledge regarding the biology of this complex protein in the heart and in cancer and suggest several therapeutic options.
Reduced damage in electron microscopy by using interaction-free measurement and conditional reillumination (2019)

Interaction-free measurement (IFM) has been proposed as a means of high-resolution, low-damage imaging of radiation-sensitive samples, such as biomolecules and proteins. The basic setup for IFM is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and recent progress in nanofabricated electron-diffraction gratings has made it possible to incorporate a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Therefore, the limits of performance of IFM with such an interferometer and a shot-noise limited electron source (such as that in a TEM) are of interest. In this paper, we compare the error probability and sample damage for ideal IFM and classical imaging schemes, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. We consider a sample that is either completely transparent or completely opaque at each pixel. In our analysis, we also evaluate the impact of an additional detector for scattered electrons. Inclusion of the scattering detector results in reduction of error by up to an order of magnitude, for both IFM and classical schemes. We also investigate a sample reillumination scheme based on updating priors after each round of illumination and find that this scheme further reduces error. Implementation of these methods is likely achievable with existing instrumentation and would result in improved resolution in low-dose electron microscopy.
Effects of order and disorder on field-effect mobilities measured in conjugated polymer thin-film transistors (1994)

The morphology of conjugated polymer thin films has been controlled by exploiting the processes giving rise to solvatochromism in the initial polymer solutions from which the polymer films were deposited by spin coating. The material used was the substituted polythiophene, 3[2(S2-methylbutoxy)ethyl]-polythiophene. Starting with polymer dissolved in ‘‘good’’ solvent, various quantities of ‘‘bad’’ solvent when added lead to the reorganization of the solubilizing side chains attached to the conjugated polymer backbone. Ordering of these side chains increases with addition of bad solvent decreasing the flexibility of the backbone, yielding more rigid rodlike polymer chains. This in turn causes aggregation and finally precipitation. It is found that this molecular order can be transferred from solution to solid film during the spinning process, ascertained from optical spectroscopy. With these films acting as the active layer in a field-effect transistor structure, the mobility of the carriers injected into the films can be measured. It is found that as the molecular order and aggregation increases, carrier mobility decreases from ∼10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 to ≤10−8 cm2 V−1 s−1 in films displaying the highest degree of molecular order. This is ascribed to the increased interchain separation in the ordered systems along with effects due to macroscopic aggregate grain boundaries.
Dual Aptamer-Functionalized 3D Plasmonic Metamolecule for Thrombin Sensing (2019)

DNA nanotechnology offers the possibility to rationally design structures with emergent properties by precisely controlling their geometry and functionality. Here, we demonstrate a DNA-based plasmonic metamolecule that is capable of sensing human thrombin proteins. The chiral reconfigurability of a DNA origami structure carrying two gold nanorods was used to provide optical read-out of thrombin binding through changes in the displayed plasmonic circular dichroism. In our experiments, each arm of the structure was modified with one of two different thrombin-binding aptamers—thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) and HD22—in such a way that a thrombin molecule could be sandwiched by the aptamers to lock the metamolecule in a state of defined chirality. Our structure exhibited a Kd of 1.4 nM, which was an order of magnitude lower than those of the individual aptamers. The increased sensitivity arose from the avidity gained by the cooperative binding of the two aptamers, which was also reflected by a Hill coefficient of 1.3 ± 0.3. As we further exploited the strong plasmonic circular dichroism (CD) signals of the metamolecule, our method allowed one-step, high sensitivity optical detection of human thrombin proteins in solution.
ChemInform Abstract: trans‐4‐Methyl‐3‐imidazoyl Pyrrolidine as a Potent, Highly Selective Histamine H<sub>3</sub> Receptor Agonist in vivo. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Factors associated with medical care‐seeking due to low‐back pain in scaffolders (2001)

The particular definition of back pain and the selection process of workers with LBP may partly determine the findings on work-related risk factors and health care utilization.
Inertial cavitation produced by pulsed ultrasound in controlled host media (1996)

The purpose of this work is to provide measurements in well-characterized media in order to better understand inertial (transient) cavitation phenomena. Focused transducers with megahertz center frequencies (2.5 MHz, 4.3 MHz) and a clinical diagnostic ultrasound system (4.0 MHz) was used to generate pulsed ultrasound to induce cavitation. An improved active cavitation detector which utilizes a highly focused transducer with much higher center frequency (30 MHz) was used to measure the threshold of inertial cavitation. In order to study the effect of the concentration of nucleation agents on cavitation thresholds, experiments were conducted in distilled water seeded with polystyrene particles. Inertial cavitation thresholds were measured for various concentrations of polystyrene particles. It was observed that the threshold decreased from 2.5 MPa at concentration of about 10(6) particles/ml to 1.6 MPa at a concentration of about 10(9) particles/ml. The effect of the concentration is not significant for smaller changes of concentration. Measurements of the cavitation thresholds were then made in specially developed phantom materials to study the effect of viscosity on the cavitation threshold when surface tension and other mechanical properties of the materials are kept relatively constant. Experimental results show that the threshold increases with increasing viscosity, consistent with theoretical predictions. Cavitation was also detected in water seeded with polystyrene particles using a clinical ultrasound system at an acoustic pressure of 3.84 MPa. Results are comparable with those obtained in the laboratory using a 4.3-MHz focused transducer.
Total Synthesis and Structure Confirmation of the Annonaceous Acetogenins 30(<i>S</i>)-Hydroxybullatacin, Uvarigrandin A, and 5(<i>R</i>)-Uvarigrandin A (Narumicin I?). (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionTotal Synthesis and Structure Confirmation of the Annonaceous Acetogenins 30(S)-Hydroxybullatacin, Uvarigrandin A, and 5(R)-Uvarigrandin A (Narumicin I?).James A. Marshall, Arnaud Piettre, Mikell A. Paige, and Frederick ValerioteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 21, 8290Publication Date (Web):September 18, 2003Publication History Published online18 September 2003Published inissue 1 October 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo035268yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo035268ycorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (21 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulation of Peroxynitrite Reduces Norepinephrine Requirements in Ovine MRSA Septic Shock (2018)

Vascular hypo-responsiveness to vasopressors during septic shock is a challenging problem. This study is to test the hypothesis that reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as peroxynitrite, are major contributing factors to vascular hypo-responsiveness in septic shock. We hypothesized that adjunct therapy with peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst (PDC) would reduce norepinephrine requirements in sepsis resuscitation. Fourteen female Merino sheep were subjected to a "two-hit" injury (smoke inhalation and endobronchial instillation of live methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [1.6-2.5 × 10 CFUs]). The animals were randomly allocated to control: injured, fluid resuscitated, and titrated norepinephrine, n = 7; or PDC: injured, fluid resuscitated, titrated norepinephrine, and treated with PDC, n = 7. One-hour postinjury, an intravenous injection of PDC (0.1 mg/kg) was followed by a continuous infusion (0.04 mg/kg/h). Titration of norepinephrine started at 0.05 mcg/kg/min based on their mean arterial pressure. All animals were mechanically ventilated and monitored in the conscious state for 24 h. The mean arterial pressure was well maintained in the PDC with significantly less norepinephrine requirement from 7 to 23 h after injury compared with control. Total norepinephrine dose, the highest norepinephrine rate, and time on norepinephrine support were also significantly lower in PDC. Modified sheep organ failure assessment scores at 6 to 18 h postinjury were significantly lower in PDC compared with control. PDC improved survival rate at 24 h (71.4% vs. 28.6%). PDC treatment had no adverse effects. In conclusion, the modulation of RNS may be considered an effective adjunct therapy for septic shock, in the case of hypo-responsiveness to norepinephrine.
Adaptive polarization-difference imaging algorithms for through-the-wall microwave imaging scenarios (2005)

The preliminary results of application of the adaptive polarization-imaging algorithm for through-the-wall microwave imaging problems are presented. Use of complete polarization information in the scattered field from the object together with the adaptation technique provides enhancement in detection of target movement.
Retrieval of complex object fields in coherent diffractive imaging using position shift of a phase mask (2011)

In this letter, we propose a novel method to quantitatively recover a complex-valued object from diffraction intensity maps. A wavefront modulation is introduced in the optical path, and several diffraction intensity maps are recorded through position shift of a phase mask. A phase retrieval algorithm is further developed, and advantages of the proposed method are discussed.
Automated imaging-based abdominal organ segmentation and quality control in 20,000 participants of the UK Biobank and German National Cohort Studies (2022)

Large epidemiological studies such as the UK Biobank (UKBB) or German National Cohort (NAKO) provide unprecedented health-related data of the general population aiming to better understand determinants of health and disease. As part of these studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is performed in a subset of participants allowing for phenotypical and functional characterization of different organ systems. Due to the large amount of imaging data, automated image analysis is required, which can be performed using deep learning methods, e. g. for automated organ segmentation. In this paper we describe a computational pipeline for automated segmentation of abdominal organs on MRI data from 20,000 participants of UKBB and NAKO and provide results of the quality control process. We found that approx. 90% of data sets showed no relevant segmentation errors while relevant errors occurred in a varying proportion of data sets depending on the organ of interest. Image-derived features based on automated organ segmentations showed relevant deviations of varying degree in the presence of segmentation errors. These results show that large-scale, deep learning-based abdominal organ segmentation on MRI data is feasible with overall high accuracy, but visual quality control remains an important step ensuring the validity of down-stream analyses in large epidemiological imaging studies.
Scanning diffracted-light microscopy (2018)

Scanning the direction of the light that is diffracted by a sample permits the achievement of image diversity, which is necessary for implementing the Fourier ptychographic microscopy technique (FPM) using only perpendicular illumination. We also demonstrated that the same method allows for implementation of the illumination-direction-multiplexing FPM technique when the sample is illuminated using a ring-shaped condenser.
Comparison of Iterative Model Reconstruction versus Filtered Back-Projection in Pediatric Emergency Head CT: Dose, Image Quality, and Image-Reconstruction Times (2019)

In children referred for emergency noncontrast head CT, optimized low-dose protocols with iterative model reconstruction allowed us to significantly reduce the relative dose, on average, 22% compared with filtered back-projection, with significantly improved objective and subjective image quality.
Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylation of Nitroalkanes: Entry to β-Stereogenic α-Quaternary Primary Amines (2021)

The first systematic study of simple nitronate nucleophiles in iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation is described. Using a tol-BINAP-modified π-allyliridium <i>C</i>,<i>O</i>-benzoate catalyst, α,α-disubstituted nitronates substitute racemic branched alkyl-substituted allylic acetates, thus providing entry to β-stereogenic α-quaternary primary amines. DFT calculations reveal early transition states that render the reaction less sensitive to steric effects and distinct trans-effects of diastereomeric chiral-at-iridium π-allyl complexes that facilitate formation of congested tertiary-quaternary C-C bonds.
Texture interpretability of fundus imaging and diabetic retinopathy: a review (2022)

In this chapter, a review on texture-based methods for diagnosis and grading of diabetic retinopathy in fundus images. We categorize these methods into major categories based on the style of model uses and based on the approach taken to learn the features that corresponds to the label. We provide comparison between these methods in terms of classification accuracy. Following that, we will perform exploratory study to investigate the possibility of using deep learning guided approach to produce image gradient filters. We include a qualitative analysis of fundus texture using deep learning guided texture versus traditional handcrafted texture features.