gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Millimeter-wave low-noise high electron mobility transistors (1985)

High electron mobility transistors (HEMT's) have been fabricated which demonstrate excellent millimeter-wave performance. A maximum extrinsic transconductance as high as 430 mS/mm, corresponding to an intrinsic transconductance of 580 mS/mm, was observed in these transistors. A unity current gain cutoff frequency f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> as high as 80 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_{\max}</tex> of 120 GHz were projected for these HEMT's. At 40 GHz, a minimum noise figure of 2.1 dB with an associated gain of 7.0 dB has also been measured. These are the highest <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_{T}, f_{\max}</tex> , and the best noise performance reported to date. The results clearly demonstrate the potential of HEMT's for millimeter-wave low-noise applications.
Microstructures and properties of TRansformation Induced Plasticity steels. (2006)

The weight reduction of automobile, maintaining sufficient safety by using the high strength steel sheet,is of great concern to the carmakers who have to fulfil environmental standards. In particular for the structural and chassis parts, there has been the demand for replacing the conventional 390-440 MPa grades steel sheets by the higher strength grades with sufficient formability. TRIP steel, where a small portion of austenite remains in the ferritic-bainitic basic matrix, is one of the candidate materials for 590-780 Mpa grades high strength steel sheet with superior formability. The excellent mechanical properties exhibited by the TRansformation Induced Plasticity steels are mainly due to the martensitic transformation of the metastable retained austenite induced by strain. Three TRIP steels grade have been tested: 590, 690 and 780. Mechanical properties are determined by uniaxial tensile tests and are correlated to the microstructures of the steels. The tensile tests up to fracture are been carried to analyse the relation between the different strain hardening behaviours and the transformation of retained austenite into martensite during deformation. The specimens for the metallographic investigations of microstructure are conventionally prepared, conventional etchings such as Le Pera and nital plus sodium metabisulphite, have been used. It has been possible by these etchings to identify the different phases present in TRIP steel and to distinguee the different morphologies of retained austenite. The relation between strain hardening behaviour and fraction of retained austenite is discussed.
Improved Survival beyond 28 Days up to 1 Year after CytoSorb Treatment for Refractory Septic Shock: A Propensity-Weighted Retrospective Survival Analysis (2020)

Survival is achieved with CytoSorb and CRRT for patients with septic shock beyond 28 days from ICU admission and may be improved for CytoSorb treatment. Lactate levels above 6.0 mmol/L at the start of CytoSorb therapy are predictive of worse outcome with high specificity and positive predictive value.
Figure S5 from ERK/MAPK Signaling Drives Overexpression of the Rac-GEF, PREX1, in BRAF- and NRAS-Mutant Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differential regulation of PREX1 by ERK in breast cancer and prostate cancer cell lines&lt;/p&gt;
Recognition of sign language alphabet using colored gloves (1999)

This paper describes obtaining pictures of hands with a monocular camera, and building a system for recognizing characters of the manual alphabet for the deaf from the obtained image features. Considering that a handlike joint structure is capable of variegated deformation with many degrees of freedom, various problems are caused during shape recognition, such as finding equivalents, dealing with occlusions, and so forth. Therefore, in the current study, the authors proposed a method based on wearing colored gloves while taking pictures, which allowed easy detection of specific hand regions with improved accuracy, and handling of occlusions. In addition, the authors discuss the decision tree learning results obtained using a CAD ideal model which was computer-generated from the real image data, and also describe verification of the learning results based on real images. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 30(4): 51–61, 1999
Peak to Average Power Reduction for Low-Power OFDM Systems (2007)

For orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, peak to average power ratio (PAPR) can be a major impediment to efficient transmission due to the need to use inefficient highly linear amplifiers. This paper presents an iterative algorithm to reduce the PAPR of a low-power OFDM system by 3 dB at a clipping probability of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , and over 5 dB for 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> with asymptotically no loss in code rate for low signal to noise ratios (SNR). The reduced PAPR allows the system to use a more efficient form of linear amplifier, for an overall reduction in transmitter power consumption by over a factor of three at low SNR. In addition, the algorithm does not require any side information to be transmitted to the receiver to allow decoding.
Sistema de análisis (AVCIS) de la visibilidad en cibermedios mediante indicadores SEO (2020)

Comunicació presentada a XI Congreso Internacional de Ciberperiodismo: Nuevos actores y estategias en el espacio mediático compartido, celebrada del 11 al 12 de novembre de 2019 a Bilbao, Espanya.
Fixed-dose combination emtricitabine/tenofovir/efavirenz initiated during acute HIV infection; 96-week efficacy and durability (2020)

Demonstrate rapid initiation of co-formulated treatment during acute HIV infection (AHI) is feasible and efficacious.
An EXAFS Study of Nanocrystalline Yttrium Stabilized Cubic Zirconia Films and Pure Zirconia Powders (2000)

Detailed EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy) measurements have been collected for two nanocrystalline forms of zirconia, namely, dense films of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (YSZ) and tetragonal phase powders of pure ZrO2. Zr and Y K edge EXAFS spectra for the YSZ films with grain sizes of 6, 15, and 240 nm showed no major differences with the corresponding spectra of the bulk counterpart. This is clear proof that these nanocrystalline films exhibit similar levels of disorder to that of large crystals. In particular, there is no support for the view that the intergrain regions are highly disordered, and the present work is consistent with recent EXAFS studies of other nanocrystalline oxides (SnO2 and ZnO) and metals (Cu). The pure nanocrystalline ZrO2 powders were produced by calcining zirconium hydroxide, a widely used method of synthesising ZrO2. The Zr K edge EXAFS of the powders, with grain sizes of 10 and 20 nm, yielded spectra in which the signal was strongly attenuated in comparison to the EXAFS bulk of ZrO2. A significant feature is the dramatically reduced amplitude of the second peak in the Fourier transform, which is due to the Zr−Zr correlation. This feature is often interpreted as evidence of high levels of disorder in nanocrystalline materials. However, using the results from other techniques, notably, NMR measurements, it is argued that the samples contained amorphous material due to an incomplete conversion of the hydroxide precursor. Overall, the studies of the two types of nanocrystalline zirconia emphasize the need for careful characterization of the materials prior to the application of techniques such as EXAFS, which provide an average picture of the local structure.
Microporous Mg−Si−O and Al−Si−O Materials Derived from Metal Silsesquioxanes (2001)

Microporous amorphous metallosilicates designated as Mg−Si−O and Al−Si−O, with a very narrow pore size distribution around 6 Å diameter, typical surface areas ranging from 350 to 650 m2/g, and loadings of well-dispersed metal oxide (up to about 10 wt % metal) result from the controlled calcination of magnesium and aluminum silsesquioxane complexes [(c-C5H9)7Si7O12]2Mg4Cl2·2THF, 1, {[(c-C5H9)7Si7O12]Al}n, 2, and [(c-C5H9)7Si7O11(OSiMe3)]Al[(c-C5H9)7Si7O10(OSiMe3)(OH)], 3. Moreover, textural properties such as surface area and pore volume can be easily adjusted by varying the calcination conditions, while the pore size distribution remains practically unchanged. XPS, EDX, solid-state MAS 29Si and 27Al NMR, and HRTEM measurements suggest that the metal is present in M−Si−O materials mainly as isolated metal ions incorporated in the amorphous silica framework and also as small crystalline metal oxide particles of a few nanometers, which are well dispersed throughout the silica. SEM was employed as well to evaluate particle size and morphology. IR spectroscopy of adsorbed acetonitrile showed that both Al−Si−O materials are strong Lewis acids. Mg−Si−O and Al−Si−O were briefly tested as catalysts in 1-butanol dehydration. Mg−Si−O gave both dehydrogenation and dehydration, while on Al−Si−O only dehydration and cracking reactions occurred.
Narrow-linewidth unstable resonator (1988)

We describe the use of an asymmetric feedback ring in an unstable resonator to obtain arbitrarily narrow-linewidth radiation across the full available aperture. We demonstrate its use with an electric-discharge XeCl laser to produce single-line radiation with a linewidth of 0.15 cm−1.
Theory and Experiment for the Effect of Vascular Microstructure on Surface Tissue Heat Transfer—Part I: Anatomical Foundation and Model Conceptualization (1984)

A new theoretical model supported by ultrastructural studies and high-spatial resolution temperature measurements is presented for surface tissue heat transfer in a two-part study. In this first paper, vascular casts of the rabbit thigh prepared by the tissue clearance method were serially sectioned parallel to the skin surface to determine the detailed variation of the vascular geometry as a function of tissue depth. Simple quantitative models of the basic vascular structures observed were then analyzed in terms of their characteristic thermal relaxation lengths and a new three-layer conceptual model proposed for surface tissue heat transfer. Fine wire temperature measurements with an 80-micron average diameter thermocouple junction and spatial increments of 20 micrometers between measurement sites have shown for the first time the detailed temperature fluctuations in the microvasculature and have confirmed the fundamental assumptions of the proposed three-layer model for the deep tissue, skeletal muscle and cutaneous layers.
EXTH-28. 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID-BASED PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF GLIOBLASTOMA TUMORSPHERE AND ACQUIRED RESISTANCE BY TUMOR MESENCHYMAL STEM-LIKE CELLS (2016)

Despite first being used over 35 years ago, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the related techniques of fluorescence guided resection and photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) have not been progressed as a standard of care. Here, we suggest clinical availability of PDD and PDT in glioblastoma using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which metabolized into the active fluorescent molecule protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Treatment of 1mM 5-ALA showed distinct PpIX fluorescence in patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres (TSs), unlike normal human astrocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and tumor mesenchymal stem-like cells (tMSLCs). These results were negatively correlated with the expression levels of FECH, which is known to catalyzes the conversion of accumulated PpIX to heme. We also investigated the effects of PDT to 5-ALA-treated TSs using 12mW/cm2 laser at 635nm wavelength. 5-ALA-treated glioblastoma TSs were sensitive to PDT, showing significant decrease in cell viability and stemness. It was consistent whether TSs have sphere form or single cell form, even though sphere form required more energy (~10J/cm2). Notably, the effects of PDT were abolished when TSs were cultured with tMSLC-cultured media. We propose that the presence of tMSLC can be a plausible mechanism of PDT resistance in glioblastoma.
Frequency warping by linear transformation of standard MFCC (2006)

A novel linear transform (LT) is proposed for frequency warping (FW) with standard filterbank based MFCC features. Here, we use the idea of spectral interpolation of [9] to perform a continuous warping in the log filterbank output domain, and incorporate both interpolation and warping into a single warped IDCT matrix. The new transformation matrix is thus mathematically simpler than in [9], and no modification of standard MFCC feature extraction is required like the previous approach. In VTLN experiments with maximum likelihood score (MLS) estimation of the FW parameter, the new LT outperformed regular VTLN implemented by warping the Mel filterbank. In speaker adaptation experiments using the new LT to transform HMM means, the results were significantly better than MLLR for limited adaptation data and comparable to those in [8], while using the computationally simpler MLS FW estimation.
LEARNING NONLINEAR MANIFOLDS OF DYNAMIC TEXTURES (2006)

Dynamic textures are sequences of images of moving scenes that show stationarity properties in time. Eg: waves, flame, fountain, etc. Recent attempts at generating, potentially, infinitely long sequences model the dynamic texture as a Linear Dynamic System. This assumes a linear correlation in the input sequence. Most real world sequences however, exhibit nonlinear correlation between frames. In this paper, we propose a technique of generating dynamic textures using a low dimension model that preserves the non-linear correlation. We use nonlinear dimensionality reduction to create an embedding of the input sequence. Using this embedding, a nonlinear mapping is learnt from the embedded space into the image input space. Any input is represented by a linear combination of nonlinear bases functions centered along the manifold in the embedded space. A spline is used to move along the input manifold in this embedded space as a similar manifold is created for the output. The nonlinear mapping learnt on the input is used to map this new manifold into a sequence in the image space. Output sequences, thus created, contain images never present in the original sequence and are very realistic.
Low thermal resistance high-speed top-emitting 980-nm VCSELs (2006)

Increasing copper plated heatsink radii from 0 to 4 mum greater than the mesa in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) reduced the measured thermal resistance for a range of device sizes to values 50% lower than previously reported over a range of device sizes. For a 9-mum diameter oxide aperture, the larger heatsink increases output power and bandwidth by 131% and 40%, respectively. The lasers exhibit a 3-dB modulation frequency bandwidth up to 9.8 GHz at 10.5 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The functional dependence of thermal resistance on oxide aperture diameter indicates the importance of lateral heat flow to mesa sidewalls
Synthesis of the novel monocyclic β-lactam proclavaminic acid (1987)

Proclavaminic acid has been chemically synthesised and one pure enantiomer separated which was shown to possess identical physicochemical and biochemical properties to the natural material isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Radiosensitization of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by a SMAC-Mimetic Compound, SM-164, Requires Activation of Caspases (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Radiosensitization of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by a SMAC-Mimetic Compound, SM-164, Requires Activation of Caspases
Toilet Grab-Bar Preference and Center of Pressure Deviation During Toilet Transfers in Healthy Seniors, Seniors With Hip Replacements, and Seniors Having Suffered a Stroke (2014)

The preference and safety of the 2VB should be considered in the design of accessible toilets and in accessibility construction guidelines. However these results need to be verified in non-ambulatory populations. C is frequently prescribed, but generates large COP deviation, suggesting it may present an increased risk of falls.
A Shot-Noise Limited Fiber Laser Source by Cascaded Passive Optical Filtering (2010)

We present a technique for suppressing relative intensity noise in a fiber laser, which uses two Pound-Drever-Hall feedback control loops to lock two optical fiber ring resonators in series. The resonators act as cascaded passive optical filters to remove high frequency intensity noise. We describe and discuss the control scheme for holding the cavities on resonance, and present the experimental result, demonstrating shot noise limited performance for intensity fluctuations above 2.5 MHz.
Nanoparticles of Varying Hydrophobicity at the Emulsion Droplet−Water Interface:  Adsorption and Coalescence Stability (2004)

The coalescence stability of poly(dimethylsiloxane) emulsion droplets in the presence of silica nanoparticles ( approximately 50 nm) of varying contact angles has been investigated. Nanoparticle adsorption isotherms were determined by depletion from solution. The coalescence kinetics (determined under coagulation conditions at high salt concentration) and the physical structure of coalesced droplets were determined from optical microscopy. Fully hydrated silica nanoparticles adsorb with low affinity, reaching a maximum surface coverage that corresponds to a close packed monolayer, based on the effective particle radius and controlled by the salt concentration. Adsorbed layers of hydrophilic nanoparticles introduce a barrier to coalescence of approximately 1 kT, only slightly reduce the coalescence kinetics, and form kinetically unstable networks at high salt concentrations. Chemically hydrophobized silica nanoparticles, over a wide range of contact angles (25 to >90 degrees ), adsorb at the droplet interface with high affinity and to coverages equivalent to close-packed multilayers. Adsorption isotherms are independent of the contact angle, suggesting that hydrophobic attraction overcomes electrostatic repulsion in all cases. The highly structured and rigid adsorbed layers significantly reduce coalescence kinetics: at or above monolayer surface coverage, stable flocculated networks of droplets form and, regardless of their wettability, particles are not detached from the interface during coalescence. At sub-monolayer nanoparticle coverages, limited coalescence is observed and interfacial saturation restricts the droplet size increase. When the nanoparticle interfacial coverage is >0.7 and <1.0, mesophase-like microstructures have been noted, the physical form and stability of which depends on the contact angle. Adsorbed nanoparticle layers at monolayer coverage and composed of a mixture of nanoparticles with different hydrophobisation levels form stable networks of droplets, whereas mixtures of hydrophobized and hydrophilic nanoparticles do not effectively stabilize emulsion droplets.
Identification of long-lived synaptic proteins by proteomic analysis of synaptosome protein turnover (2018)

Memory formation is believed to result from changes in synapse strength and structure. While memories may persist for the lifetime of an organism, the proteins and lipids that make up synapses undergo constant turnover with lifetimes from minutes to days. The molecular basis for memory maintenance may rely on a subset of long-lived proteins (LLPs). While it is known that LLPs exist, whether such proteins are present at synapses is unknown. We performed an unbiased screen using metabolic pulse-chase labeling in vivo in mice and in vitro in cultured neurons combined with quantitative proteomics. We identified synaptic LLPs with half-lives of several months or longer. Proteins in synaptic fractions generally exhibited longer lifetimes than proteins in cytosolic fractions. Protein turnover was sensitive to pharmacological manipulations of activity in neuronal cultures or in mice exposed to an enriched environment. We show that synapses contain LLPs that may underlie stabile long-lasting changes in synaptic structure and function.
High-risk human papillomavirus-18 uses an mRNA sequence to synthesize oncoprotein E6 in tumors (2021)

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer in women worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), namely 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68, constitute a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. Viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 play central roles in the carcinogenic process by virtue of their interactions with cell master proteins such as p53, retinoblastoma (Rb), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and c-MYC. For the synthesis of E6 and E7, HPVs use a bicistronic messenger RNA (mRNA) that has been studied in cultured cells. Here, we report that in cervical tumors, HPV-18, -39, and -45 transcribe E6/E7 mRNAs with extremely short 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) or even lacking a 5' UTR (i.e., zero to three nucleotides long) to express E6. We show that the translation of HPV-18 E6 cistron is regulated by the motif ACC<u>aug</u>GCGCG(C/A)UUU surrounding the AUG start codon, which we term Translation Initiation of Leaderless mRNAs (TILM). This motif is conserved in all HPV types of the phylogenetically coherent group forming genus alpha, species 7, which infect mucosal epithelia. We further show that the translation of HPV-18 E6 largely relies on the cap structure and eIF4E and eIF4AI, two key translation initiation factors linking translation and cancer but does not involve scanning. Our results support the notion that E6 forms the center of the positive oncogenic feedback loop node involving eIF4E, the mTOR cascade, and p53.
A low-power, wireless, 8-channel EEG monitoring headset (2010)

Micro- and nano-technology has enabled development of smaller and smarter wearable devices for medical and lifestyle related applications. In particular, recent advances in EEG monitoring technologies pave the way for wearable, wireless EEG monitoring devices. Here, a low-power wireless EEG sensor platform that measures 8-channels of EEG, is described. The platform is integrated into a wearable headset for ambulatory monitoring of EEG. While using standard EEG electrodes without conductive gel, a first evaluation shows the wireless headset is comparable to the reference system when looking at alpha wave discrimination. This device combines low-noise, and low-power functionality into an easy-to-use wireless headset, providing a first step towards a fully integrated, fully functional wearable wireless EEG monitoring system.
Nucleophilic 1,4-Additions for Natural Product Discovery (2014)

Natural products remain an important source of drug candidates, but the difficulties inherent to traditional isolation, coupled with unacceptably high rates of compound rediscovery, limit the pace of natural product detection. Here we describe a reactivity-based screening method to rapidly identify exported bacterial metabolites that contain dehydrated amino acids (i.e., carbonyl- or imine-activated alkenes), a common motif in several classes of natural products. Our strategy entails the use of a commercially available thiol, dithiothreitol, for the covalent labeling of activated alkenes by nucleophilic 1,4-addition. Modification is easily discerned by comparing mass spectra of reacted and unreacted cell surface extracts. When combined with bioinformatic analysis of putative natural product gene clusters, targeted screening and isolation can be performed on a prioritized list of strains. Moreover, known compounds are easily dereplicated, effectively eliminating superfluous isolation and characterization. As a proof of principle, this labeling method was used to identify known natural products belonging to the thiopeptide, lanthipeptide, and linaridin classes. Further, upon screening a panel of only 23 actinomycetes, we discovered and characterized a novel thiopeptide antibiotic, cyclothiazomycin C.