gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 256: Renal Denervation Preconditions the Myocardium by Promoting Nitric Oxide Signaling and Attenuating Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2015)

Background: Recent clinical studies suggest that renal denervation (RDN) not only decreases blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nerve activity, but may also exert additional systemic cardioprotective actions. We investigated whether RDN preconditions the heart against subsequent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Materials and Methods: SHR (20w old) received either bilateral radiofrequency (RF) RDN or sham RDN (Biosense Webster Stockert 70 RF generator). After 4w of BP recording, Plasma and left ventricle (LV) tissue were collected for measurement of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, nitrite (NO2-, ion chromatography) and S-Nitrosothiol (RSNO). RT PCR was used to examine transcriptional changes. Colorimetric assays were used to quantify malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl content. In additional studies, 4w after RDN (n = 8) or Sham (n = 9) treatment, SHR were subjected to 30m of left coronary artery ischemia followed by 24h reperfusion and myocardial infarct/area-at-risk (AAR) was determined. Results: 4w after treatment, mean BP was significantly decreased in RDN compared to Sham SHR (157±2 vs 142±2 mmHg, p &lt; 0.05). Plasma NO2- levels were elevated 4w following RDN (p &lt; 0.01). Cardiac NO2- levels increased from 2.6 to 3.2 nmol/mg (p &lt; 0.05) and RSNO levels increased from 0.5 to 1.1 nmol/mg (p &lt; 0.05) following RDN. Moreover, myocardial oxidative stress was markedly attenuated as measured by carbonyl content (p &lt; 0.05) and MDA levels (p &lt; 0.01). Greater transcription of antioxidants, SOD1 (p &lt; 0.05) and GPX-1 (p &lt; 0.05) were also observed in the RDN treated group. SHR receiving RDN therapy exhibited a trend in infarct size reduction (42% per AAR reduction, p = 0.09) compared to sham following MI/R. We observed 2-fold greater survival in the RDN treated group (88%, 7 of 8) compared to sham (44%, 4 of 9) following MI/R. Conclusions: RDN produced a sustained elevation in NO bioavailability and signaling in the heart and blood. Additionally, RDN attenuated myocardial oxidative stress and augmented the antioxidant defense system in SHR. Although further studies are warranted, preliminary results indicate that these mechanisms may promote myocardial preconditioning and improve survival in the setting of MI/R injury.
Identification of Surface Structures on 3C-SiC Nanocrystals with Hydrogen and Hydroxyl Bonding by Photoluminescence (2009)

SiC nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit unique surface chemistry and possess special properties. This provides the opportunity to design suitable surface structures by terminating the surface dangling bonds with different atoms thereby boding well for practical applications. In this article, we report the photoluminescence properties of 3C-SiC NCs in water suspensions with different pH values. Besides a blue band stemming from the quantum confinement effect, the 3C-SiC NCs show an additional photoluminescence band at 510 nm when the excitation wavelengths are longer than 350 nm. Its intensity relative to the blue band increases with the excitation wavelength. The 510 nm band appears only in acidic suspensions but not in alkaline ones. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure analyses clearly reveal that the 3C-SiC NCs in the water suspension have Si-H and Si-OH bonds on their surface, implying that water molecules only react with a Si-terminated surface. First-principle calculations suggest that the additional 510 nm band arises from structures induced by H(+) and OH(-) dissociated from water and attached to Si dimers on the modified (001) Si-terminated portion of the NCs. The size requirement is consistent with the observation that the 510 nm band can only be observed when the excitation wavelengths are relatively large, that is, excitation of bigger NCs.
Measurement of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Inhalation Aerosols (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Pharmaceutical Aerosols by Route of Administration Diagnostic Aerosols Characterization of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Inhalation Aerosols Current Issues in Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Inhalation Aerosol Measurement Conclusions References
The importance of diazotrophic cyanobacteria as primary producers during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (2006)

Abstract. In Livello Bonarelli black shale deposited during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE-2, ca. 94 Ma), nitrogen isotopic compositions of bulk sediments are mostly in a narrow range from –2.7 to –0.7‰. We also determined molecular distribution and nitrogen isotopic compositions of geoporphyrins extracted from the black shale. The nitrogen isotopic compositions of C32 Ni deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrin (DPEP) and total Ni porphyrins are –3.5 and –3.3‰, respectively, leading us to the estimation that the mean nitrogen isotopic composition of photoautotrophic cells were around +1‰ during the formation of Bonarelli black shale. This value is suggestive of N2-fixation, a dominant process for these photoautotrophs when assimilating nitrogen. Furthermore, Ni-chelated C32 DPEP, derived mainly from chlorophyll a had the highest concentration. Based on this evidence, we conclude that diazotrophic cyanobacteria were major primary producers during that time. Cyanobacteria may be key photoautotrophs during the formation of black shale type sediments intermittently observed throughout the later half of the Earth's history, and hence may have played a crucial role in the evolution of geochemical cycles even in the later half of the Earth's history.
Method for fast and accurate segmentation processing from prior shape: application to femoral head segmentation on x-ray images (2009)

This paper proposes a prior shape segmentation method to create a constant-width ribbon-like zone that runs along the boundary to be extracted. The image data corresponding to that zone is transformed into a rectangular image subspace where the boundary is roughly straightened. Every step of the segmentation process is then applied to that straightened subspace image where the final extracted boundary is transformed back into the original image space. This approach has the advantage of producing very efficient filtering and edge detection using conventional techniques. The final boundary is continuous even over image regions where partial information is missing. The technique was applied to the femoral head segmentation where we show that the final segmented boundary is very similar to the one obtained manually by a trained orthopedist and has low sensitivity to the initial positioning of the prior shape.
Analysis, modeling and perturbation of speech under stress with applications to speech synthesis and recognition (1996)

Stress has been shown to alter the normal behavior of human speech production and the resulting speech feature characteristics. Stress in this context refers to environmental, emotional, or workload stress. The variability introduced by a speaker under stress causes degradation in speech recognition performance and is usually absent in synthetic speech systems. The primary goals of this thesis are therefore to identify indicators of stress and formulate novel statistical models to characterize speech parameter variation under stress. The proposed models can be integrated within speech synthesis and recognition systems to improve the naturalness of synthetic speech and recognition of speech under stress. The models could also be applied to modify the speaking style of any new input speaker in a way which would convince a majority of listeners that the modified speech is under stress. While a variety of speech under stress conditions are possible, the stress conditions considered here are angry, loud, and Lombard effect. The analysis, modeling, and evaluations conducted in this work are based on a previously established stress database, called SUSAS (Speech Under Simulated and Actual Stress). Two different modeling/synthesis schemes are considered in this study. The first scheme is based on a code-excited linear prediction (CELP) vocoder, and the second is based on hidden Markov models (HMM). The stress perturbation algorithms represent the first reported systematic approach for imparting stress onto neutral speech. Four text-dependent approaches were considered for perturbing neutral parameters to produce stressed synthetic speech within the CELP vocoder; whereas the speaker-independent text-independent HMM-based stress perturbation algorithms perform integrated modification of pitch, duration, and overall spectral structure based on differences from neutral speaking conditions. Performance of the generated stressed synthetic speech is assessed along three independent domains: listener evaluation, stress classification, and robust speech recognition. Computer based stress classification results are used to independently confirm results from listener evaluations. Finally, improved stressed speech recognition is achieved by training models using synthetically generated stressed speech tokens. This study has therefore demonstrated that knowledge of speech production variation under stress can be modeled, and systematically imparted onto neutral speech for synthesis and improved speech recognition.
The 75-kilodalton cytoplasmic Chlamydia trachomatis L2 polypeptide is a DnaK-like protein (1990)

The gene coding for the 75-kilodalton cytoplasmic Chlamydia trachomatis L2 polypeptide has been cloned in Escherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. The cloned DNA fragment contained the coding region as well as the putative promoter. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 1,980-base-pair open reading frame revealed 94% homology with a 75-kilodalton protein from C. trachomatis serovar D and 57% homology with the DnaK proteins of E. coli and of Bacillus megaterium, while amino acid homology with human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) was 42%. The promoter region was identified by computer search and by primer extension of mRNA synthesized in recombinant E. coli. The promoter region which differed from the putative promoter region in serovar D was shown to be a mixed promoter type in which the -10 region showed a regular TATA box configuration while the -35 region showed high homology with heat shock promoters. This mixed promoter was recognized in E. coli.
A Novel Reporter Mouse Uncovers Endogenous Brn3b Expression (2019)

Brn3b (<i>Pou4f2</i>) is a class-4 POU domain transcription factor known to play central roles in the development of different neuronal populations of the Central Nervous System, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that connect the retina with the visual centers of the brain. Here, we have used CRISPR-based genetic engineering to generate a Brn3b-mCherry reporter mouse without altering the endogenous expression of Brn3b. In our mouse line, mCherry faithfully recapitulates normal Brn3b expression in the retina, the optic tracts, the midbrain tectum, and the trigeminal ganglia. The high sensitivity of mCherry also revealed novel expression of Brn3b in the neuroectodermal cells of the optic stalk during early stages of eye development. Importantly, the fluorescent intensity of Brn3b-mCherry in our reporter mice allows for noninvasive live imaging of RGCs using Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (SLO), providing a novel tool for longitudinal monitoring of RGCs.
Internal EMU Resistance Impact on Suit Arcing During EVA (2006)

A significant electrical potential exists between the pressurized elements of the American segment of the International Space Station (ISS) and its surrounding ionosphere environment. At ISS complete this voltage will be as high as 50 Volts and under off nominal conditions as high as 80 Volts. Therefore, a crewman could be presented with a shock hazard during extra vehicular activity (EVA) if an electrical arc occurs on exposed anodized areas of the space suit. In particular, a concern exists that an arc on the neck ring, arm ring or other anodized metal parts on the suit surface could provide a current path through the crewman's body between various internal metallic contact points. A numerical model, developed for this study, helps to illuminate specific physical features such as the discharge current and equivalent resistance of the crewman during an EVA. These model results are compared with currents and voltages from an equivalent plasma chamber arcing experiment and it is concluded that for any resistance equivalent to a crewman's body, arc currents are biologically unacceptable to the ISS program.
A solution for improved simulation efficiency of a multi-domain marine power system model (2010)

Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) marine power systems offer increased design flexibility and operational economy by supplying ship propulsion and service loads from a common electrical system. Predicting the behaviour of IFEP systems through simulation is important in reducing the design risk. However, the prevalence of power electronics and the potential for interaction between large electrical and mechanical systems introduce significant simulation challenges. This paper presents an integrated simulation tool, which brings together electrical, mechanical, thermal and hydrodynamic models, facilitating a holistic simulation capability. Approaches adopted for model validation and computational efficiency together with two case studies are discussed.
Deletion caused by Tn3: Correlation between deletion and transposition. (1983)

A convenient system for detection of deletion formation in the DNA containing Tn3 is described. EcoRI-D fragment containing the kil gene and the cI857 gene of λcI857S7 DNA was ligated into pYS1 (a colicin E1 like plasmid) containing Tn3. Bacteria harboring these plasmids were temperature sensitive due to induction of the kil gene of phage λ at high temperature. Survivors from these bacteria at 42°C have plasmids that have lost the kil gene activity by deletion. In certain mutants in Tn3 which we isolated, such deletion was not detected, nor was Tn3 transposition. On the other hand, in another mutant, in which BamHI site located in tnpR gene in Tn3 was eliminated, the frequency of deletion formation was enhanced, while transposition was normal. From these results, deletion can be considered to be a partial reaction of transposition.
Flower strips increase the control of rosy apple aphids after parasitoid releases in an apple orchard (2022)

Abstract Mass releases of two parasitoid species, Aphidius matricariae and Ephedrus cerasicola , may provide an alternative measure to pesticides to control the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea in organic apple orchards. As an exploratory study, we tested if the presence of flower strips between apple tree rows could improve the action of three early parasitoid releases––and of other naturally present aphid enemies––on the control of aphid colonies and the number of aphids per tree. Apple trees located at various distances from parasitoid release points were monitored in plots with and without flower strips in an organic apple orchard over two years, along the season of aphid infestation (March to July). Our case study demonstrated that the presence of flowering plant mixes in the alleyways of the apple orchard reduced the presence of D. plantaginea by 33.4%, compared to plots without flower strips, at the infestation peak date. We also showed a negative effect of increasing the distance to parasitoid release points on aphid control. However, our results at the infestation peak date suggest that the presence of flower strips could marginally compensate for the detrimental effect of increasing distance to the release point, probably by improving the persistence and dispersal capacities of natural enemies. Despite high variations in aphid population dynamics between years, we conclude that combining flower strips with early parasitoid releases in apple orchards is promising for biological control of the rosy apple aphid, although the method merits to be further refined.
Exposure to Yeast Shapes the Intestinal Bacterial Community Assembly in Zebrafish Larvae (2018)

Establishment of the early-life gut microbiota has a large influence on host development and succession of microbial composition in later life stages. The effect of commensal yeasts - which are known to create a conducive environment for beneficial bacteria - on the structure and diversity of fish gut microbiota still remains unexplored. The present study examined the intestinal bacterial community of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) larvae exposed to two fish-derived yeasts by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA. The first stage of the experiment (until 7 days post-fertilization) was performed in cell culture flasks under sterile and conventional conditions for germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CR) larvae, respectively. The second phase was carried out under standard rearing conditions, for both groups. Exposure of GF and CR zebrafish larvae to one of the yeast species <i>Debaryomyces</i> or <i>Pseudozyma</i> affected the bacterial composition. Exposure to <i>Debaryomyces</i> resulted in a significantly higher abundance of core bacteria. The difference was mainly due to shifts in relative abundance of taxa belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. In <i>Debaryomyces</i>-exposed CR larvae, the significantly enriched taxa included beneficial bacteria such as <i>Pediococcus</i> and <i>Lactococcus</i> (Firmicutes). Furthermore, most diversity indices of bacterial communities in yeast-exposed CR zebrafish were significantly altered compared to the control group. Such alterations were not evident in GF zebrafish. The water bacterial community was distinct from the intestinal microbiota of zebrafish larvae. Our findings indicate that early exposure to commensal yeast could cause differential bacterial assemblage, including the establishment of potentially beneficial bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐Cyano‐Substituted Sulfilimines and Sulfoximines. (2010)

Abstract The two‐step sequence involves sulfide imination with cyanogen amide and subsequent oxidation of the resulting sulfinylimines to yield sulfoximes under metal‐free conditions.
A Microneedling Fractional Radiofrequency Device for the Treatment of Nevus Comedonicus (2019)

Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan, China Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Comparative study of ITO and TiN fabricated by low-temperature RF biased sputtering (2015)

Radio frequency (RF) biasing induced by a second plasma source at the substrate is applied to low-temperature sputtering processes for indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium nitride (TiN) thin films. Investigations on crystal structure and surface morphology show that RF-biased substrate plasma processes result in a changed growth regime with different grain sizes and orientations than those produced by processes without a substrate bias. The influence of the RF bias is shown comparatively for reactive RF-sputtered ITO and reactive direct-current-sputtered TiN. The ITO layers exhibit an improved electrical resistivity of 0.5 mΩ cm and an optical absorption coefficient of 0.5 × 104 cm−1 without substrate heating. Room-temperature sputtered TiN layers are deposited that possess a resistivity (0.1 mΩ cm) of 3 orders of magnitude lower than, and a density (5.4 g/cm3) up to 45% greater than, those obtained from layers grown using the standard process without a substrate plasma.
Unravelling the dependency of dross formations in metal additively manufactured channels as a function of channel diameter and inclination angle (2023)

In recent years, the non-destructive characterisation via X-ray computed tomography of internal features, often produced with novel manufacturing methods, has gained increasing attention. Reducing the rate of defects during the production of internal features is of particular interest since post-processing steps are highly cumbersome, or removal of defects is, in many cases, even impossible for complex channels or bores. However, it is not sufficient to characterise the defects solely, but their root causes need to be understood in depth to allow for a-priori compensation approaches fostering first-time right part production. To achieve this, it is imperative to fully understand the connections and influences between the different factors, to enable the creation of versatile and scalable correction and compensation approaches. Within this scope, this work presents a characterisation of additively manufactured internal channels, focussing on dross defects encountered in overhang regions of the channel and their dependency as a function of a broad range of channel diameters and inclination angles. The extraction of the required information from the channels is based on cross-sectional images along the channel’s axis of the reconstructed 3D volume, obtained with high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. With the data obtained through an analysis algorithm presented in an earlier publication, it is possible to extract characteristic identifiers that can be used to calculate potential compensations counteracting the defects emerging during the printing. With the aid of these identifiers, it is possible to chart out general trends of the channel defects as a function of channel diameter and inclination angle. Therefore, the results allow to identify parameters where certain defects remain almost constant for a variation of the channel diameter.
Indoor Sound Source Localization based on Sparse Bayesian Learning and Compressed Data (2019)

In this paper, the problems of indoor sound source localization using a wireless acoustic sensor network are addressed and a new sparse Bayesian learning based algorithm is proposed. Using time delays for the direct paths from candidate source locations to microphone nodes, the proposed algorithm estimates the most likely source location. To reduce the amount of data that must be exchanged between microphone nodes, a Gaussian measurement matrix is multiplied on to each channel and the proposed method operates directly on the compressed data. This is achieved by exploiting sparsity in both the frequency and space domains. The performance is analysed in numerical simulations, where the performance as a function of the reverberation times in investigated, and the results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to reverberation.
Supplementary Figure from Circadian Regulator CLOCK Drives Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Circadian Regulator CLOCK Drives Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma
Retarded styrene anionic polymerization, 7Part 6: A. Deffieux, S. Ménoret, S. Carlotti, M. Fontanille, P. Desbois, C. Schade, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2002, 203, 862. (2002)

The influence of monophenoxymagnesium (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxybutylmagnesium, BuMgOBT) and diphenoxymagnesium (bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)magnesium, Mg(OBT)2) derivatives used as additives, on the structure and reactivity of polystyryllithium (PSLi) species in hydrocarbons was studied. The impact of these compounds on the thermal stability of active species and on the reactivity in the styrene anionic polymerization at high temperature was investigated and was compared with that of n,s-dibutylmagnesium (n,s-Bu2Mg). Kinetic measurements were carried out in cyclohexane at 100°C and the thermal stability of polystyryl end-groups was studied at 150°C in decahydronaphthalene. The presence of BuMgOBT or Mg(OBT)2 significantly increases the thermal stability of active species compared to dialkylmagnesium or alkylalkoxymagnesium derivatives. Unlike n,s-Bu2Mg, BuMgOBT and Mg(OBT)2 do not contribute to the formation of new PS chains in addition to those produced by PSLi seeds.