gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Figure S4 from Copy Number Loss of 17q22 Is Associated with Enzalutamide Resistance and Poor Prognosis in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S4 shows the association of Wnt pathway activation in enzalutamide-resistant samples with 17q22 loss compared with those without loss.&lt;/p&gt;
Broadband Unit-Cell Design for Highly Anisotropic Impedance Surfaces (2014)

A unit-cell design for highly anisotropic impedance surfaces is simulated and experimentally demonstrated. The unit cell consists of a grounded dielectric substrate with a metal patch and plated metal via. The design has a ring of metal removed from the patch so that the resonant effect of the via is reduced. The reduced resonance prevents backward-wave modes which are difficult to excite experimentally. On grounded dielectric substrates, the transverse-magnetic mode is fundamental and the transverse-electric (TE) mode is bound above a cutoff frequency. It is shown that highly anisotropic surface impedance can only be achieved below the TE cutoff frequency. The proposed unit cell is constructed using printed-circuit-board fabrication technology, and the result is a unit cell that obtains highly anisotropic impedance over a broader frequency range than traditional patch or mushroom unit cells.
Central regulation of motor cortex neuronal responses to forelimb nerve inputs during precision walking in the cat (1999)

1. The responses of neurones in forelimb motor cortex to impulse volleys evoked by single pulse electrical stimulation (at 1.5 or 2 times the threshold for most excitable nerve fibres) of the superficial radial (SR) and ulnar (UL) nerves of the contralateral forelimb were studied in awake cats both resting quietly and walking on a horizontal ladder. Nerve volley amplitude was monitored by recording the compound action potential elicited by the stimulus. 2. In the resting animal 34/82 (41%) cells yielded statistically significant responses to SR stimulation, and 20/72 (28%) responded to UL stimulation. Some responses were confined to or began with an increase in firing probability ('excitatory' responses) and others with a decrease in firing ('inhibitory' responses), typically including a brief interruption of the spike train (zero rate). Cells responding to both nerves usually yielded responses similar in type. Most (78%) response onset latencies were less than 30 ms. Responses involved the addition or subtraction of from 3.4 to 0.1 impulses stimulus-1 (most <1 impulse stimulus-1). The distribution of response sizes was continuous down to the smallest values, i.e. there was no 'gap' which would represent a clear separation into 'responsive' and 'unresponsive' categories. Responses were commonest in the lateral part of the pericruciate cortex, and commoner among pyramidal tract neurones (PTNs) than non-PTNs. 3. During ladder walking most cells generated a rhythmic step-related discharge; in assessing the size of responses to nerve stimulation (20 studied, from 13 cells) this activity was first subtracted. Response onset latencies (90% <30 ms) and durations showed little or no change. Although most cells were overall more active than during rest both 'excitatory' and 'inhibitory' responses in both PTNs and non-PTNs were often markedly reduced in large parts of the step cycle; over some (usually brief) parts responses approached or exceeded their size during rest, i.e. response size was step phase dependent. Such variations occurred without parallel change in the nerve compound action potential, nor were they correlated with the level of background firing at the time that the response was evoked. When responses to both nerves were studied in the same neurone they differed in their patterns of phase dependence. 4. The findings are interpreted as evidence for central mechanisms that, during 'skilled', cortically controlled walking, powerfully regulate the excitability of the somatic afferent paths from forelimb mechanoreceptors (including low threshold cutaneous receptors) to motor cortex. Retention (or enhancement) of responsiveness often occurred (especially for ulnar nerve) around footfall, perhaps reflecting a behavioural requirement for sensory input signalling the quality of the contact established with the restricted surface available for support.
Comparison of the Bactec Peds Plus pediatric blood culture vial with Roche pediatric Septi-Chek for blood cultures from pediatric patients (1992)

Equal volumes of blood from 4,112 blood cultures were inoculated into one Bactec Peds Plus bottle and one Roche Septi-Chek bottle. There were no significant differences in the recoveries of bloodstream pathogens. Initial detection occurred earlier with Bactec Peds Plus, while growth on solid media occurred earlier with Roche Septi-Chek.
A cytokine switch induced by human seminal plasma: an immune modulation with implications for sexually transmitted disease (1997)

The immunosuppressive activity of human seminal plasma may be one factor in the aetiology of sexually transmitted disease and could be particularly important for the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The advent of virus that can preferentially infect Langerhans cells of the genital mucosa underscores the relevance of seminal plasma effects. Virally infected cells are eradicated by the killing activity of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and this cytotoxicity is stimulated by IL-12 (previously known as natural killer cell stimulatory factor) and partly inhibited by IL-10 (previously known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor). We have examined the effects of human seminal plasma on the production of these key cytokines. Cytokine production was measured in rapidly diluted, fresh, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated, whole blood since this provided leukocytes with minimal exposure to prostaglandin. Prostaglandin concentrations and cytokine release were measured by ELISA. Addition of human seminal plasma diluted up to 100,000 times (0.001%) to blood cell cultures led to a marked increase in the IL-10/IL-12 ratio (P <0.02). A dose-dependent increase in the ratio was observed in five separate experiments, from a control value of 1 (no seminal plasma) to a mean value of 80 (1% seminal plasma). This cytokine switch was also seen when seminal plasma was substituted by pure prostaglandin E (PGE) and 19-OH PGE (the main prostaglandin constituent of human seminal plasma). Lipid-extracted seminal plasma was considerably less active at high dilutions than whole seminal plasma at the same dilution. However, its activity could be restored by the addition of synthetic PGE and 19-hydroxy PGE. A stimulation of IL-10 and a decrease in IL-12 in host-defence cells of the lower female reproductive tract will seriously affect the ability of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells to recognise and destroy virally infected cells. In addition, the stimulation of IL-10 will inhibit the release of the anti-HIV activity from CD8+ve cells. The cytokine switch reported here, activated by semen deposition, would exercise a key inhibitory control over vital immune defences in the lower genital tract, with ablation of cell-mediated responses and immunosurveillance.
ChemInform Abstract: Cation Effects in NaPO<sub>3</sub> Glasses Doped with Metal Nitrides and Oxides. (1986)

Abstract NaPO 3 glasses doped with AlN, Mg 3 N 2 , Ca 3 N 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO or CaO have been prepared and selected properties of these glasses are compared with each othenThe dissoIution rate in H 2 O and the thermal expansion coefficient both decrease while the dilatometric softening point, glass transition temp., and refractive index increase with increasing nitride or oxide content.
Gel Formation during the Gilch Synthesis of Poly(<i>p</i>‐phenylene vinylenes): Evidence of an Unexpected Explanation (2007)

Abstract Gelation of the reaction mixture and insolubility of the poly( p ‐phenylene vinylenes) (PPVs) when isolated at this stage, but complete redissolution of the gel and excellent solubility of the resulting PPVs after further stirring for hours or days, is a phenomenon in Gilch polymerizations that has not been explained so far. It is verified that, in agreement with the literature, specific additives prevent gelation. However, it is also shown that chemical crosslinking is certainly not the reason for gel formation. Instead, it seems to be the consequence of a very high entanglement density in the pristine PPVs, which requires time for relaxation. The mentioned additives seem to support this dis‐entanglement process. magnified image
A decade advancement of transition metal-catalyzed borylation of aryl halides and sulfonates (2013)

This review describes the recent advancement of transition metal-catalyzed aromatic carbon-boron bond construction processes. The efficacy of palladium, nickel and copper catalysis are comparatively illustrated. Particular focus is placed on the application of ligands, for instance tailor-made phosphines and carbenes that can effectively enable the borylation of challenging and sterically demanding substrates. Selected applications of this methodology for the synthesis of pharmaceutically useful and materially interesting molecules are mostly documented. This review includes literatures up to late 2012.
Isolation and Evaluation of Different Peroxisomes Subppopulations from Rat Liver (2008)

The preparative dissection of cells into their substructure reduces sample complexity and facilitates functional analysis of proteins in a physiological context. A prerequisite for a fundamental characterization of these organellar subpopulations on the proteome level, however, are highly pure fractions, which could not be obtained by classical separation technologies. These organellar subpopulations are supposed to be linked to specialized biological functions or different development stages.
Periodic Inspections of Hilo, Kahului, Laupahoehoe, and Nawiliwili Breakwaters, Hawaii (2011)

Abstract : As part of the Monitoring Completed Navigation Projects (MCNP) program Periodic Inspections Work Unit, five breakwaters from the Hawaiian Islands were inspected. The Hilo, Kahului East and West, Laupahoehoe, and Nawiliwili breakwaters were examined by walking inspection in the summer of 2005. Broken, cracked, and shifted concrete armor units and stones were recorded and overall performance of the structure was noted. Photographs were taken and detailed notes recorded at each damage site. Observations and assessments are included for each of the five breakwaters inspected.
The Biomolecular Spectrum Drives Microbial Biology and Functions in Agri-Food-Environments (2020)

Microbial biomolecules have huge commercial and industrial potential. In nature, biological interactions are mostly associated with biochemical and biological diversity, especially with the discovery of associated biomolecules from microbes. Within cellular or subcellular systems, biomolecules signify the actual statuses of the microorganisms. Understanding the biological prospecting of the diverse microbial community and their complexities and communications with the environment forms a vital basis for active, innovative biotechnological breakthroughs. Biochemical diversity rather than the specific chemicals that has the utmost biological importance. The identification and quantification of the comprehensive biochemical diversity of the microbial molecules, which generally consequences in a diversity of biological functions, has significant biotechnological potential. Beneficial microbes and their biomolecules of interest can assist as potential constituents for the wide-range of natural product-based preparations and formulations currently being developed on an industrial scale. The understanding of the production methods and functions of these biomolecules will contribute to valorisation of agriculture, food bioprocessing and biopharma, and prevent human diseases related to the environment.
Spliced leader RNA silencing (SLS) - a programmed cell death pathway in Trypanosoma brucei that is induced upon ER stress (2012)

Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness. The parasite cycles between its insect (procyclic form) and mammalian hosts (bloodstream form). Trypanosomes lack conventional transcription regulation, and their genes are transcribed in polycistronic units that are processed by trans-splicing and polyadenylation. In trans-splicing, which is essential for processing of each mRNA, an exon, the spliced leader (SL) is added to all mRNAs from a small RNA, the SL RNA. Trypanosomes lack the machinery for the unfolded protein response (UPR), which in other eukaryotes is induced under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Trypanosomes respond to such stress by changing the stability of mRNAs, which are essential for coping with the stress. However, under severe ER stress that is induced by blocking translocation of proteins to the ER, treatment of cells with chemicals that induce misfolding in the ER, or extreme pH, trypanosomes elicit the spliced leader silencing (SLS) pathway. In SLS, the transcription of the SL RNA gene is extinguished, and tSNAP42, a specific SL RNA transcription factor, fails to bind to its cognate promoter. SLS leads to complete shut-off of trans-splicing. In this review, I discuss the UPR in mammals and compare it to the ER stress response in T. brucei leading to SLS. I summarize the evidence supporting the notion that SLS is a programmed cell death (PCD) pathway that is utilized by the parasites to substitute for the apoptosis observed in higher eukaryotes under prolonged ER stress. I present the hypothesis that SLS evolved to expedite the death process, and rapidly remove from the population unfit parasites that, by elimination via SLS, cause minimal damage to the parasite population.
&lt;title&gt;Photochemical inactivation of viruses by antibody conjugates of compounds generating singlet oxygen&lt;/title&gt; (1994)

For the first time a method is proposed for targeted destruction of viral particles with a photoimmuno-toxin. The photoinununotoxin is a conjugate of antibodies and dimethoxy haematoporphyrin (a potent singlet oxygen generator), binding with the viral particle and upon illumination with visible light inactivating the virus by singlet oxygen. The method can be used to combat viral infection in humans and to prevent lysis of industrial micro-organisms by lysogenic bacteriophage strains.
5‐lipoxygenase as an endogenous modulator of amyloid beta formation in vivo (2010)

These data establish a novel functional role for 5-LO in regulating endogenous formation of Aβ levels in the central nervous system. Thus, 5-LO pharmacological inhibition may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
Frailty transitions, inflammation, and mortality among persons aging with HIV infection and injection drug use (2020)

Sustained, and to a lesser degree, intermittent frail states are associated with increased mortality. HIV virologic suppression with earlier antiretroviral therapy, reduced comorbidity, and reduced inflammation may prevent frailty progression and promote frailty recovery, consequently improving survival for persons aging with HIV and persons with prior injection drug use.
A 137-mW, 4 ch × 25-Gbps Low-Power Compact Transmitter Flip-Chip-Bonded 1.3-μm LD-Array-on-Si (2018)

A low-power compact 4-channel transmitter consisting of a 65-nm CMOS cascode shunt LD driver and flip-chip-bonded 1.3-μm LD-array-on-Si achieves 25-Gbps 2-km-long SSMF error-free operation for each channel, with power consumption of 1.37 mW/Gbps.
Testing ER-Beta Agonist Synergy with B7-H1 and mTOR Inhibitors as Novel and Effective Treatments for Ovarian Cancer (2016)

Abstract : alphaB7-H1 immunotherapy and ER agonist therapy as single agents were ineffective to treat large tumor volume ovarian cancer in the ID8 mouse model. Using ERbeta KO and B7-H1 KO mice we showed that poor treatment responses were not due to host B7-H1 or ERbeta signals. The combination of alphaB7-H1 plus the ERbeta agonist LY was modestly effective in large tumor volume disease in the model, but the LY caused some toxicities seen as cold paws that could be from compromised blood flow. We found that tumor B7-H1 signals can alter ERbeta signals, seen as reduced ERbeta-dependent VEGF production, which could play a role in treatment efficacy. Work to investigate treatment effects in lower tumor burden and with addition of mTOR inhibitors is underway.
Urban renewal in Hong Kong: a community aspiration study (2011)

Coupled with the growing number of aged private residential buildings, the lack of proper building care culture has led to serious problems of building dilapidation and urban decay in Hong Kong, particularly in the old urban areas. Not only is the cityscape ruined, but also the health and safety of the residents and general public as a whole are jeopardized. To arrest urban decay, redevelopment has long been adopted to renew the rundown areas. However, the approach usually has a negative impact on the existing social fabric and causes a reduction in social capital. Given that older buildings usually have a larger proportion of older residents, and that the elderly population tends to be financially less well-off, this group of residents are more adversely affected by the negative impact of social destruction due to redevelopment. Recently, building rehabilitation has been gaining its popularity. Yet, with a view to a sustainable strategy for urban renewal, it is necessary to balance the interests of different stakeholders. The alternative ways the community perceive different approaches of urban renewal in Hong Kong is a worthwhile topic to study. In this paper, the community’s attitudes towards redevelopment and rehabilitation as urban renewal options were examined through a structured questionnaire survey. The survey findings are discussed with emphases on their policy implications. Recommendations will be drawn with respect to the community engagement process that enhances the likelihood in arriving at a more balanced urban renewal strategy.
Skeletons in the cupboard: Rediscovery in science (1995)

Are the ideas behind the recently published developments in biomimetic inorganic materials chemistry really as novel as they seem? This article is about rediscovery in science. The focus is on biomimetic inorganic materials chemistry and the 1872 classic published work of Pieter Harting, a Dutchman from Utrecht, on synthetic morphologies, particularly artificial calcareous formations. It would seem that one of the founding fathers of this burgeoning field of endeavor has (almost) been forgotten.
Optical damage threshold and energy deposition in the embedded nanostructures (2012)

Results of energy deposition measurement in interaction between an ultra-short laser pulse and nanostructured target are described. As a target we used carbon nanotubes and multilayer graphene deposited on a sapphire wafer surface and embedded in a layer of protein. A 25 fs, p-polarised pulses from a 1 kHz-Ti;sapphire laser of energy up to 3 mJ were focused to give intensity up to 2&times;10<sup>16</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> on a target positioned within an integrating sphere. The absorption measured showed a level in excess of 80 %, increasing with the intensity. The results suggest that the host material (lysozyme) is responsible for the breakdown while the embedded material contributes dominantly to the absorption.
PNRR e la grande trasformazione del Paese / PNRR in materia di infrastrutture e mobilità: tra investimenti e riforme / PNRR: rigenerazione urbana e housing / Il PNRR nella dimensione della prossimità: questioni problematiche e scenari di opportunità (2023)

Archivio di Studi Urbani e Regionali apre con questo numero una sezione dedicata al PNRR e del quale discuteremo le diverse misure, le previste riforme, gli investimenti promossi, regolamenti, procedure e i finanziamenti erogati, cercando un dibattito di approfondimento critico che evidenzi le attese, le attuazioni, le ricadute a scala urbana e territoriale, ma soprattutto la tanta attesa capacità di rimediare ai ritardi e agli squilibri del paese per avviare una nuova fase di sviluppo e crescita economica e sociale. Diversi sono i punti di vista dai quali guardare al processo, come diversi sono gli Osservatori nati per monitorate l’emanazione dei bandi, le azioni e gli interventi legati al Piano attraverso l’analisi e la valutazione delle sue applicazioni: a loro il compito di restituire con puntualità caratteristiche e impatti degli interventi, alla luce dei costi sostenuti e dei benefici conseguiti. Il “Dibattito”, che avviamo e che proseguirà anche nei prossimi numeri, vuole proporre piuttosto una disamina critica degli interventi, ragionando per ampi settori di azione, ricostruendo problematiche e principi che hanno guidato le strategie e le condizioni di attuazione del Piano; ma sarà anche un’occasione per riflettere sui temi non affrontati dal PNRR stesso e su quei nodi problematici che restano insoluti.
Polyphasic Taxonomy Leading to the Proposal of Moraxella canis sp. nov. for Moraxella catarrhalis-Like Strains (1993)

The taxonomic position of a group of 16 Moraxella catarrhalis-like strains, isolated mainly from dogs, was examined by using morphological tests, biochemical tests, serology, ribotyping with oligonucleotide probes, polymerase chain reaction typing of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total proteins, fatty acid profiles, moles percent G+C, dot spot and in-solution DNA-DNA hybridizations, and DNA-rRNA hybridizations. It was found that these organisms constitute a distinct cluster within the genus Moraxella. Since they differ genotypically as well as phenotypically from previously described Moraxella species, a new species, Moraxella canis, is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The type strain is LMG 11194 (= N7 = CCUG 8415A).
Optical Transitions Involving Excited States in III-nitride LEDs (2022)

The radiative transitions in InGaN-based LEDs grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy were studied. Electroluminescence spectra were collected for the LEDs with 2.6, 6.5, 7.8, 12 and 15nm thick QW in a broad current regime. The evolution of the emission spectra indicates changes in the nature of carrier recombination. Initially, carriers recombine through ground states, then through mixed transition and lastly only through exited states. Additionally, we modeled operation of the LEDs with self-consistent Schrodinger–Poisson simulations and showed that carrier density and differences in the magnitude of screening of the built-in field inside QWs are causing the change in the light emission.
Design of a Compliant Gripper With Multimode Jaws (2018)

This paper presents the design of a multimode compliant gripper, using the singularities of the four-bar mechanism with equilateral links. The mobility of the compliant gripper can be reconfigurable to grasp a variety of shapes or adapt to specific requirements. The compliant gripper is a compact and two-layer structure. Two linear actuators are required to enable the multiple operation modes, by the conversion of two pairs of slider-crank mechanisms. A multimode compliant four-bar mechanism is first presented and kinematically analyzed. The design and the kinetostatic modeling of the resulting compliant gripper are then performed. Finally, the analysis of the reconfigurable compliant gripper under different actuation schemes is carried out, including the comparison of the results obtained from analytical modeling, finite element analysis (FEA), and experimental testing.