gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An IoT Cloud System for Traffic Monitoring and Vehicular Accidents Prevention Based on Mobile Sensor Data Processing (2017)

The sudden traffic slowdown especially in fast scrolling roads and highways characterized by a scarce visibility is one of the major causes of accidents among motorized vehicles. It can be caused by other accidents, work-in-progress on roads, excessive motorized vehicles especially at peak times and so on. Typically, fixed traffic sensors installed on roads that interact with drivers' mobile App through the 4G network can mitigate such a problem, but unfortunately not all roads and highways are equipped with such devices. In this paper, we discuss a possible alternative solution for addressing such an issue considering mobile traffic sensors directly installed in private and/or public transportation and volunteer vehicles. In this scenario a fast real-time processing of big traffic data is fundamental to prevent accidents. In particular, we discuss an IoT Cloud system for traffic monitoring and alert notification based on OpenGTS and MongoDB. Our IoT Cloud system, besides for private drivers, it is very useful for drivers of critical rescue vehicles such as ambulances. Experiments prove that our system provides acceptable response times that allows drivers to receive alert messages in useful time so as to avoid the risk of possible accidents.
Enhanced angle estimation accuracy of ultra compact radars inspired by a biomimetic approach (2017)

The theoretical and experimental evaluation of using biomimetic antenna arrays (BMAAs) in an angle sensing radar system is presented. This ultra compact antenna system can enhance the angle estimation accuracy for radar systems which allow only small antenna separations due to the limited available space. A quality criterion will be given to indicate which BMAA parameters are necessary to achieve precise angle estimation accuracy. Radar measurements show a reduction in the RMS angle estimation error by a factor of 2 compared to conventional antenna systems of the same size.
Limits on neutral<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:math>mixing in semileptonic decays (2005)

Using the CLEO II.V detector observing ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions at around 10.6 GeV we search for neutral $D$ mixing in semileptonic ${D}^{0}$ decays tagged in charged ${D}^{*}$ decays. Combining the results from the $Ke\ensuremath{\nu}$ and ${K}^{*}e\ensuremath{\nu}$ channels we find that the rate for $D$ mixing is less than 0.0078 at $90%$ C.L.
F3: Radio architectures and circuits towards 5G (2016)

In the last two decades data-rates in wireless communication systems have been increasing exponentially. This trend is continuing with the fifth generation of wireless systems (5G) that will require peak rates in excess of Gb/s for many users, several hundred thousands of simultaneous connections for massive sensor deployments, and substantially improved spectral efficiency, coverage and signaling. How will the wireless technology deliver these promises? This forum will focus on current state-of-the-art and future directions of the key circuit techniques and system architectures that will enable the 5G revolution, including advanced MIMO, carrier aggregation, mm-Wave radios, large phased-array transceivers, and in-band full duplex operation. Compact low-loss front-end modules for future 5G systems will also be addressed.
A simplicity-based fuzzy clustering approach for detection and extraction of murmurs from the phonocardiogram (2007)

Almost all cardiac abnormalities manifest themselves as murmurs in a phonocardiogram (PCG). The location of a murmur in the PCG over a cardiac cycle depends on the underlying cardiac abnormality. Locating murmurs with respect to the cardiac cycle is useful for diagnosing cardiac dysfunction. Locating murmurs is difficult due to spectral similarity and time overlap with other heart sounds. Moreover, the wide variation in murmur amplitudes and murmur spectral characteristics across different patients and abnormalities has hindered the design of a generic time segmentation algorithm to isolate murmurs within the PCG. In this paper, we present a method to locate cardiac murmurs within the PCG that is based on their visual simplicity, which does not depend upon their absolute amplitude and frequency characteristics, and hence, results in their better localization. Then, we identify fuzzy sets to cluster simplicity values, due to murmurs, to determine the time duration over which the murmur occurs. The overall accuracy of the proposed algorithm in detecting systolic murmurs is 80%. The sensitivity of the algorithm in locating systolic murmurs is 73% and its specificity is 100%. The isolated murmur can then be further processed to extract clinically relevant features to diagnose the nature of the cardiac abnormality. Experimental results with a variety of murmurs are provided.
Architecture of device independent communication applied in Language Learning Game (2012)

Today's network landscape consists of many different network technologies, a wide range of end-devices with a large scale of capabilities and power, and an immense quantity of information and data represented in different formats. Research on 3D imaging, virtual reality and holographic techniques will result in new user interfaces (UI) for mobile devices and will increase their diversity and variety. In this paper software architecture has been proposed to establish device and content format independent communication, implemented in Language Learning Game (LLG).
Nutritional Status of Adolescent Afghan Refugees Living in Peshawar, Pakistan (2021)

Pakistan has hosted millions of Afghan refugees over the last several decades. Due to poor socioeconomic status, food insecurity and inadequate access to health care, these refugees are considered to be at high risk of malnutrition. Previous studies on nutritional assessment of high-risk populations (refugees) have focused mainly on women and children (0-59 months). The current study aims to assess nutritional status of adolescent Afghan refugees; the population who are equally vulnerable to malnutrition and its consequences. In this cross sectional study, the nutritional status of 206 adolescent (10-19 years old) Afghans boys and girls living in a refugee camp in Peshawar, Pakistan was assessed using standard methods. The results indicate a prevalence of stunting, thinness, and overweight and obesity at 35.3%, 4.4% and 14.8%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significantly high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin D, 80.5%; vitamin B12, 41.9%; and folate, 28.2%); and anemia (10.1%). Together, these findings indicate that this vulnerable population group suffers from the double burden of malnutrition and are thus at serious risk of impaired psychosocial cognitive development, general ill-health and diminished wellbeing. This study therefore highlights the urgent need to include adolescents in regular screening and intervention programs of such at-risk populations.
A voltage base electrothermal model for the interconnection and E-Fuse under the DC and pulse stresses (2014)

A DC and pulse stress electro-thermal model that can well describe the dynamic thermal behaviors of most interconnections fabricated in CMOS technology is derived and demonstrated. This model provides for the first time a simple methodology to evaluate the time dependent temperature and resistance of the interconnection under an applied voltage stress, especially critical to E-Fuse development.
Catalytic Fluorination by Halide Exchange with 16-Electron Ruthenium(II) Complexes. X-ray Structure of [Tl(μ-F)<sub>2</sub>Ru(dppe)<sub>2</sub>]PF<sub>6</sub> (2001)

The 16-electron ruthenium(II) complexes [RuCl(dppe)2]PF6 (2; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), [RuCl(chiraphos)2]PF6 (3; chiraphos = (S,S)-3,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane), and [RuCl(PNNP)]PF6 (4; PNNP = (1S,2S)-N,N'-bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene]diaminocyclohexane) catalyze the nucleophilic fluorination of activated alkyl halides with a catalyst loading as low as 1 mol %. The alkyl halides (CH3)3CX (X = Br, 5c; X = I, 5d), Ph2CHBr (6c), and PhCH(Me)Br (7c) are converted to the fluoro analogues in the presence of TlF as the fluoride source. Yields are between 31 and 83%. The chiral complex 4 converts 7c to PhCH(Me)F (7a) with 49% yield after 24 h. At 1% conversion, 7a is nonracemic (16% ee), which indicates that kinetic resolution occurs, albeit at a low level. The fluorination of 1,2-dibromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (8c) is highly regioselective and gives 1-fluoro-2-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (8a) in 68% yield. The difluoro-bridged thallium adduct [Tl(μ-F)2Ru(dppe)2]PF6 (9) was observed by 31P NMR during catalysis with 2 and independently prepared by reaction of 2 with TlF (2 equiv). Complex 9 was characterized by 1H, 31P, 19F, and 205Tl NMR spectroscopy, as well as by X-ray diffraction.
Implants in Regenerated Bone in a Primate Model (2001)

In a primate model root-form implants placed in regenerated bone and prosthetically loaded show no difference when compared to root-form implants placed in non-regenerated bone and prosthetically loaded.
Arrays of high-aspect ratio microchannels for high-throughput isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) (2020)

Microsystem-based technologies are providing new opportunities in the area of in vitro diagnostics due to their ability to provide process automation enabling point-of-care operation. As an example, microsystems used for the isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from complex, heterogeneous samples in an automated fashion with improved recoveries and selectivity are providing new opportunities for this important biomarker. Unfortunately, many of the existing microfluidic systems lack the throughput capabilities and/or are too expensive to manufacture to warrant their widespread use in clinical testing scenarios. Here, we describe a disposable, all-polymer, microfluidic system for the high-throughput (HT) isolation of CTCs directly from whole blood inputs. The device employs an array of high aspect ratio (HAR), parallel, sinusoidal microchannels (25 µm × 150 µm; W × D; AR = 6.0) with walls covalently decorated with anti-EpCAM antibodies to provide affinity-based isolation of CTCs. Channel width, which is similar to an average CTC diameter (12–25 µm), plays a critical role in maximizing the probability of cell/wall interactions and allows for achieving high CTC recovery. The extended channel depth allows for increased throughput at the optimized flow velocity (2 mm/s in a microchannel); maximizes cell recovery, and prevents clogging of the microfluidic channels during blood processing. Fluidic addressing of the microchannel array with a minimal device footprint is provided by large cross-sectional area feed and exit channels poised orthogonal to the network of the sinusoidal capillary channels (so-called Z-geometry). Computational modeling was used to confirm uniform addressing of the channels in the isolation bed. Devices with various numbers of parallel microchannels ranging from 50 to 320 have been successfully constructed. Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) was chosen as the substrate material due to its superior properties during UV-activation of the HAR microchannels surfaces prior to antibody attachment. Operation of the HT-CTC device has been validated by isolation of CTCs directly from blood secured from patients with metastatic prostate cancer. High CTC sample purities (low number of contaminating white blood cells, WBCs) allowed for direct lysis and molecular profiling of isolated CTCs.
Cellular Asymmetric Catalysis by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 Shows Functional Localization to the Basolateral Plasma Membrane (2015)

UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are highly expressed in liver, intestine and kidney, and catalyze the glucuronic acid conjugation of both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. Using recombinant human UGT isoforms, we show that glucuronic acid conjugation of the model substrate, (-)-epicatechin, is catalyzed mainly by UGT1A8 and UGT1A9. In HepG2 cells, pretreatment with polyunsaturated fatty acids increased substrate glucuronidation. In the intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture model, overall relative glucuronidation rates were much higher than in HepG2 cells, and (-)-epicatechin was much more readily conjugated when applied to the basolateral side of the cell monolayer. Under these conditions, 95% of the conjugated product was effluxed back to the site of application, and none of the other phase 2-derived metabolites followed this distribution pattern. HT29-MTX cells contained >1000-fold higher levels of UGT1A8 mRNA than Caco-2 or HepG2 cells. Gene expression of UGT1A8 increased after treatment of cells with docosahexaenoic acid, as did UGT1A protein levels. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed the presence of UGT1A in the basal and lateral parts of the plasma membrane of HT29-MTX cells. These results suggest that some of the UGT1A8 enzyme is not residing in the endoplasmic reticulum but spans the plasma membrane, resulting in increased accessibility to compounds outside the cell. This facilitates more efficient conjugation of substrate and is additionally coupled with rapid efflux by functionally associated basolateral transporters. This novel molecular strategy allows the cell to carry out conjugation without the xenobiotic entering into the interior of the cell.
α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic regulation of NO production alters postoperative intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction in rodents (2004)

Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation plays an important role in the development of postoperative ileus. Alpha2-adrenergic receptors also regulate nitric oxide (NO) production by the mononuclear phagocyte system. We have previously shown that intestinal manipulation leads to a significant increase in NO production by infiltrating monocytes within the intestinal muscularis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether alpha2-adrenergic blockade with yohimbine would alter postsurgical intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction and NO production by infiltrating monocytes and macrophages within the intestinal muscularis. Rats underwent small bowel intestinal manipulation with or without yohimbine. In vivo gastrointestinal transit and in vitro jejunal circular muscle contractility was measured 24 h postoperatively. RT-PCR was used to detect inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression. NO levels in tissue culture supernatants were measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize alpha2-adrenergic receptor expression in the intestinal muscularis. Yohimbine significantly decreased manipulation-induced delay in gastrointestinal transit and reversed the postoperative decrease in intestinal muscle contractility. Intestinal manipulation resulted in significant iNOS mRNA induction in the intestinal muscularis, which was markedly attenuated after yohimbine treatment. Yohimbine also significantly decreased the postoperative increase in NO released into intestinal muscularis tissue culture supernatant. Immunohistochemistry identified alpha2-adrenergic receptors on monocytes recruited postoperatively into the intestinal muscularis. This study demonstrates that alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulation of the inflamed postoperative intestinal muscularis plays a significant role in aggravating postoperative ileus through an enhanced induction of iNOS mRNA and increased release of NO from manipulated intestinal muscularis.
Hydrogen Storage in Microporous Titanium Oxides Reduced by Early Transition Metal Organometallic Sandwich Compounds (2007)

Microporous titanium oxides synthesized using a hexylamine template were reduced by excess bis(benzene) chromium, bis(cyclopentadienyl) chromium, bis(benzene) vanadium, and bis(cyclopentadienyl) vanadium. These new composite materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The V and Cr sandwich compounds proved less effective in reducing the Ti oxide surface than bis(toluene) titanium, which was studied previously. The hydrogen sorption properties were measured at 77 K. The gravimetric sorption capacity decreased in each case as compared to that of the unreduced sample, possibly due to increased density or the reduced surface areas after reduction. However, the overall volumetric storage capacities increased, with a high of 33.42 kg/m3 recorded for the bis(benzene) vanadium reduced material at 100 atm. This is less than that previously obtained for bis(toluene) titanium (40.46 kg/m3). The improved performance of this series of composite materials relative to the untreated sample was attributed to the increased reduction level of the metal centers in the framework of the structure, which allows for more facile π-back-donation to the H−H σ-bond. Unlike MOFs and porous carbons, the performance does not depend greatly on surface area. Maximum H2 binding enthalpies ranging from 4.57 to 8.35 kJ/mol were calculated for all samples. The increasing enthalpies with hydrogen adsorption capacity are consistent with a different adsorption mechanism than physisorption, possibly involving a Kubas-type interaction. These results indicate that further efforts are required to find a suitable reducing reagent in order to reach even higher volumetric storage densities and tune the hydrogen binding enthalpies to over 15 kJ/mol, which is proposed to be ideal for porous samples operating at ambient temperature.
Analysis of swelling of crosslinked rubber gel with occlusions (1985)

The contribution of the occluded polystyrene in the crosslinked rubber gel to the overall swelling has been determined theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical calculation consists of modification of the Flory–Rehner equation. The equation describes the swelling of a crosslinked polymer network in the presence of a solvent. Calculation procedures are discussed which enable one to determined the crosslink density (molecular weight between crosslinks) of the rubber network from experimentally determined swelling index and % gel measurements. The inverse calculation procedure is also described. That is, knowing the crosslink density and the amount of occlusions as determined from kinetic considerations, one can calculate the swelling index. Theoretically and experimentally determined swelling index are in excellent agreement.
Enhancement of systemic delivery of met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin eyedrops with permeation enhancers. (1992)

It was found that methionine enkephalin (Met-Enk) and leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) can be delivered efficiently into the systemic circulation through the outer route in rabbits. When 50 mcl of 1% Met-Enk eyedrops without absorption enhancers were instilled into eyes, the rabbits' blood concentration rose from 92 pg/ml to 153 pg/ml in 10 min. When either of two permeation enhancers (BL-9 or Brij-78) was added at a 0.5% concentration to the ophthalmic solution, the systemic absorption of 1% Met-Enk was markedly improved. Its blood level was increased to approximately 3.4 times that without the enhancer. When the eyedrops of 0.3% Met-Enk plus 0.5% absorption enhancer were administered, the blood concentration reached higher than that reached by 1% Met-Enk without permeation enhancers. Similar results were obtained with Leu-Enk except the systemic absorption was enhanced by BL-9 and Brij-78 even further to 10-fold and 8.3-fold, respectively. These results indicate that the systemic delivery of Met-Enk and Leu-Enk through eyes, especially with the addition of permeation enhancers, is a feasible alternative route to parenteral injection.
Integrated 119- mu m linear corner-cube array (1991)

An integrated corner-cube antenna has been designed, fabricated, and measured at 119 mu m. The structure consists of a traveling-wave antenna integrated on a 1- mu m dielectric membrane and suspended in a longitudinal cavity etched in silicon wafers. The patterns at 119 mu m agree well with millimeter-wave patterns measured on a scaled antenna at 222 GHz. A directivity of 18+or-0.5 dB is calculated from E- and H-plane measurements. This work demonstrates that high-efficiency integrated corner-cube antennas are easily scalable to terahertz frequencies and could be used for radio-astronomical and plasma-diagnostic applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biophysical Characterization of a Swimmer with a Unilateral Arm Amputation: A Case Study (2014)

The subject's adaptation to increased v was different from able-bodied swimmers, mainly on interarm coordination, maintaining the lag time between propulsive phases, which influence the magnitude of the other parameters. These results might be useful to develop specific training and enhance swimming performance in swimmers with amputations.
The Structure and Electrochemical Behavior of Nitrogen-Containing Nanocrystalline Diamond Films Deposited from CH[sub 4]/N[sub 2]/Ar Mixtures (2001)

Electrically conductive nanocrystalline diamond films (approximately 750 to 1000 nm thick) were deposited on conducting Si and W substrates from gas mixtures using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Such films are continuous over the surface and nanometer smooth. The grain size is 3 to 10 nm, and the grain boundaries are 0.2 to 0.5 nm wide (two carbon atoms). Nitrogen appears to substitutionally insert into the grain boundaries and the film concentration scales with the added to the source gas mixture up to about the 5% level. The nitrogen-incorporated films are void of pinholes and cracks, and electrically conducting due in part to the high concentration of nitrogen impurities and or the nitrogen-related defects bonding). The films possess semimetallic electronic properties over a potential range from at least −1.5 to 1.0 V vs. SCE. The electrodes, like boron-doped microcrystalline diamond, exhibit a wide working potential window, a low background current, and high degree of electrochemical activity for redox systems such as and methyl viologen More sluggish electrode kinetics are observed for 4-methylcatechol, presumably due to weak adsorption on the surface. Apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants of to are observed for and at films without any pretreatment. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Simulations for Inhomogenous Components (2020)

For highly inhomogeneous components (windows, doors, etc...), imposing sinusoidal temperatures from one side and constant temperature to the other side, could give periodic thermal transmittance exactly with the same definition described in the standard EN 13786. For thermal bridges something similar to the ψ value of steady-state conditions could be defined: the idea is that a homogenous wall as its own periodic thermal transmittance; when a thermal bridge is applied to this wall (for instance with the insertion of a pillar), the simulation will give a new periodic thermal transmittance. The difference between the two periodic thermal transmittances gives information on the effect of the thermal bridge, obtaining something similar to the ψ value. With a Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis, the paper deals with the definition of linear periodic thermal transmittance that could be useful for the response of the whole building envelope (in terms of complex heat flow rate through the inner environment) to the external temperature oscillation. This approach opens the way to define a new Standard to include thermal bridges and inhomogeneous components in general in the dynamic calculations of the buildings envelope.