gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ColonView (CV) Quick Test for Fecal Occult Blood Shows Significantly Higher Diagnostic Accuracy in Detecting Distal than Proximal Colorectal Cancer (2022)

The applicability of the CV test (a new-generation FIT) in CRC screening was confirmed. The AA reading was superior to VA (or SENSA) in its diagnostic accuracy in detecting proximal CRC patients. Distal CRCs were more accurately detected than proximal CRCs by both reading modes.
Data from Colon Cancer–Specific Cytochrome P450 2W1 Converts Duocarmycin Analogues into Potent Tumor Cytotoxins (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Cytochrome P450 2W1 (CYP2W1) is a monooxygenase detected in 30% of colon cancers, whereas its expression in nontransformed adult tissues is absent, rendering it a tumor-specific drug target for development of novel colon cancer chemotherapy. Previously, we have identified duocarmycin synthetic derivatives as CYP2W1 substrates. In this study, we investigated whether two of these compounds, ICT2705 and ICT2706, could be activated by CYP2W1 into potent antitumor agents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The cytotoxic activity of ICT2705 and ICT2706 &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; was tested in colon cancer cell lines expressing CYP2W1, and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies with ICT2706 were conducted on severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing CYP2W1-positive colon cancer xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Cells expressing CYP2W1 suffer rapid loss of viability following treatment with ICT2705 and ICT2706, whereas the CYP2W1-positive human colon cancer xenografts display arrested growth in the mice treated with ICT2706. The specific cytotoxic metabolite generated by CYP2W1 metabolism of ICT2706 was identified &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. The cytotoxic events were accompanied by an accumulation of phosphorylated H2A.X histone, indicating DNA damage as a mechanism for cancer cell toxicity. This cytotoxic effect is most likely propagated by a bystander killing mechanism shown in colon cancer cells. Pharmacokinetic analysis of ICT2706 in mice identified higher concentration of the compound in tumor than in plasma, indicating preferential accumulation of drug in the target tissue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings suggest a novel approach for treatment of colon cancer that uses a locoregional activation of systemically inactive prodrug by the tumor-specific activator enzyme CYP2W1. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(11); 2952–61. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
GENDER DIMORPHISM IN HEPATIC HEME OXYGENASE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY AFTER TRAUMA AND HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK. (2002)

Toth, B; Yokoyama, Y; Kuebler, J F; Schwacha, M G; Wang, P; Bland, K I; Chaudry, I H Author Information
Mesophase in a Thiolate-Containing Diacyl Phospholipid Self-Assembled Monolayer (2015)

Maintaining the intrinsic features of mesophases is critically important when employing phospholipid self-assemblies to mimic biomembranes. Inorganic solid surfaces provide platforms to support, guide, and analyze organic self-assemblies but impose upon them a tendency to form well-ordered phases not often found in biomembranes. To address this, we measured mesophase formation in a thiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of diacyl phospholipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol (DPPTE) on Au(111), and provide thermodynamic analysis on the mixing behavior of inequivalent DPPTE acyl chains. Our work has uncovered three fundamental issues that enable mesophase formation: (1) Elimination of templating effects of the solid surface, (2) Weakening intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions in adsorbates, and (3) Equilibrium through entropy-driven self-assembly. Thus, our work provides a more holistic understanding of phase behavior, from liquid phases to mesophases to highly crystalline phases, in organic self-assemblies on solid surfaces, which may extend their applications in nanodevices and to the wider fields of biology and medicine.
Multiheterocyclic Motifs via Three-Component Reactions of Benzynes, Cyclic Amines, and Protic Nucleophiles (2017)

A broadly general, three-component reaction strategy for the construction of compounds containing multiple heterocycles is described. Thermal benzyne formation (by the hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction) in the presence of tertiary cyclic amines and a protic nucleophile (HNu) gives, via ring-opening of intermediate ammonium ion/Nu<sup>-</sup> ion pairs, heterocyclic products. Many reactions are efficient even when the stoichiometric loading of the three reactants approaches unity. Use of HOSO<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub> as the HNu gives ammonium triflate intermediates, which can then be ring opened by an even wider variety of nucleophiles.
Severe hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media: clinical and immunological features in a cohort of patients (2014)

Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are diagnostic agents used in millions of X-ray procedures yearly. Although current agents are usually well tolerated, mild immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHR) occur in about 0.15% to 3% of administrations and severe IHRs in 0.01% to 0.04%. Despite this low incidence these reactions are an important clinical problem because the increasingly large amount of administrations per year worldwide. New data indicate that many of the immediate reactions are caused by an IgE-mediated activation of mast cells in the organs affected. A retrospective review of adverse reactions to ICM between 2011 and 2012 in a tertiary hospital was carried out. Allergy study was performed in all patients who developed immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Skin tests for contrast media (Iomeprol, Iobitridol, Iohexol, Iodixanol, Amidotrizoato) were performed. We analysed the characteristics of patients who had severe reactions (Grade III-IV de Müller). 73,962 radiological contrast studies were performed during 2011 and 2012. 80 (0.011%) patients showed immediate hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media, 4 of them had severe reactions to ICM. Three patients, 2 males and 1 female, ages ranging from 60 to 78 years, were studied in Allergy unit. One patient had atopy. Two patients were on antihypertensive treatment (beta-blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers). All patients had at least 1 previous study with iodinated contrast in the past that had been well tolerated. Iomeprol was the contrast media involved in all the patients, incidence of 0.008% (Poisson 95% CI: 0.004% to 0.015%), no fatality. Skin tests (Skin Prick Test in one patient, and Intradermal test on the other two) were positive for Iomeprol. 2/3 showed negativity for the other contrasts tested and 1/3 showed also a positive response to Iohexol. Both positives results were confirmed with basophil activation test. Incidence of severe immediate reactions to iodinated contrast media is very low. They are IgE mediated at least in 75% of cases in our cohort. There was at least one previous exposure to iodinated contrast before developing the reaction.
Influences of the microenvironment on B-cell responses of wasted mice: comparison of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. (1990)

Wasted mice bear an autosomal recessive mutation (wst/wst) that gives rise to neurologic abnormalities and immunologic deficiency evident as early as 21 days of age. Features of the immune deficiency include absence of plasma cells at mucosal sites, reduction in weight of thymus and spleen relative to body weight, and low serum levels of some immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. In these experiments, we have examined parameters of B-cell function in Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of wst/wst and age-matched control mice. Our results established the following abnormalities in PP but not MLN of wst/wst mice relative to controls: (1) reduced mitogenic responses to lipopolysaccharide, (2) decreased percentages of Ig+ cells, (3) increased percentages of B-cells bearing large amounts of surface Ig ("very bright" Ig+ cells), and (4) reduced levels of all Ig-specific messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) except alpha-mRNA. The only immunologic abnormality consistently expressed in lymphocytes from both MLN and PP of wst/wst mice is reduced levels of IgA+ B cells and alpha-mRNA. Morphologic studies revealed no consistent abnormalities in lymph nodes, spleens, livers, or PP of wst/wst mice when compared to littermate controls. These results support the idea that some of the immunologic abnormalities reported in wst/wst mice are due to microenvironmental influences. Of the parameters examined in this report, only reduced IgA (mRNA levels and percentage of positive cells) is consistently observed in PP, MLN, and spleen.
Identification of the Steroids in Neonatal Plasma that Interfere with 17 Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Radioimmunoassays (1992)

Neonatal plasma contains interferents that increase the apparent 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) content measured by direct (no-extraction) radioimmunoassay. We fractionated extracts from neonatal plasma pools by liquid chromatography with a Sephadex LH-20 column and measured 17-OHP immunoreactivity by a direct test kit. We found immunoreactivity in the free steroid and glucuronide fraction and also in the monosulfate fraction. We analyzed these two fractions by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-mass spectrometry. We collected fractions and assayed for 17-OHP immunoreactivity. The HPLC fractions containing the interfering steroid monosulfates were analyzed by ion-spray mass spectrometry and, after solvolysis, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several monosulfates were identified, including those of 17 alpha-hydroxy-pregnenolone, 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, pregnenolone, and several pregnenetriols. 17 alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone sulfate was the most significant interferent. Other commercially available 17-OHP assays showed similar interference when used without an extraction step. Kit manufacturers should select antibodies and protocols to minimize cross-reaction with sulfates, especially 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone sulfate.
Monocytopenia, monocyte morphological anomalies and hyperinflammation characterise severe <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 in type 2 diabetes (2020)

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, type 2 diabetes (T2D) was marked as a risk factor for severe disease and mortality. Inflammation is central to the aetiology of both conditions where variations in immune responses can mitigate or aggravate disease course. Identifying at-risk groups based on immunoinflammatory signatures is valuable in directing personalised care and developing potential targets for precision therapy. This observational study characterised immunophenotypic variation associated with COVID-19 severity in T2D. Broad-spectrum immunophenotyping quantified 15 leucocyte populations in peripheral circulation from a cohort of 45 hospitalised COVID-19 patients with and without T2D. Lymphocytopenia and specific loss of cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes were associated with severe COVID-19 and requirement for intensive care in both non-diabetic and T2D patients. A morphological anomaly of increased monocyte size and monocytopenia restricted to classical CD14<sup>Hi</sup> CD16<sup>-</sup> monocytes was specifically associated with severe COVID-19 in patients with T2D requiring intensive care. Increased expression of inflammatory markers reminiscent of the type 1 interferon pathway (IL6, IL8, CCL2, INFB1) underlaid the immunophenotype associated with T2D. These immunophenotypic and hyperinflammatory changes may contribute to increased voracity of COVID-19 in T2D. These findings allow precise identification of T2D patients with severe COVID-19 as well as provide evidence that the type 1 interferon pathway may be an actionable therapeutic target for future studies.
Cardiovascular morbidity in a randomized trial comparing GnRH-agonist and antagonist among patients with advanced prostate cancer. (2019)

5015 Background: Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) used in prostate-cancer may increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Limited preclinical and retrospective clinical data suggest that use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-antagonist may be associated with lower risk of CVD compared to GnRH-agonist. Methods: We conducted a randomized open-label study comparing the one year incidence of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) in prostate-cancer patients with pre-existing CVD commencing on GnRH-agonists or antagonists. Patients were followed every 3 months for the development of MACCE defined as either death, myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular event (CVA), or percutaneous-coronary intervention (PCI). Serum levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) were analyzed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12-months. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled (41 randomized to GnRH-antagonist, 39 to GnRH-agonist). Patients in both arms had similar age, baseline cardiovascular and prostate-cancer characteristics. During follow-up 15 patients developed a new cardiovascular event. Of these, nine patients developed MACCE (two deaths, one MI, two CVAs, and four PCI). Twenty percent (n = 8) of patients randomized to GnRH-agonists had a MACCE compared to 3% (n = 1) randomized to antagonists (log-rank p = 0.013). The absolute risk reduction for MACCE at 12 months using GnRH-antagonist was 18% (95%CI 5-31). Baseline levels of NTproBNP predicted events (AUC = 0.73 95%CI 0.54-0.91 p = 0.03) and increased over time only among patients with CV events. Conclusions: This is the first prospective study to test cardiovascular outcome among prostate-cancer patients receiving ADT. We demonstrated that in patients with pre-existing CVD, GnRH-antagonists was associated with development of fewer cardiovascular events compared to GnRH-agonists. Clinical trial information: NCT02475057.
Evidence That CD8+ Dendritic Cells Enable the Development of γδ T Cells That Modulate Airway Hyperresponsiveness (2008)

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a hallmark of asthma and several other diseases, can be modulated by gammadelta T cells. In mice sensitized and challenged with OVA, AHR depends on allergen-specific alphabeta T cells; but Vgamma1+ gammadelta T cells spontaneously enhance AHR, whereas Vgamma4+ gammadelta T cells, after being induced by airway challenge, suppress AHR. The activity of these gammadelta T cell modulators is allergen nonspecific, and how they develop is unclear. We now show that CD8 is essential for the development of both the AHR suppressor and enhancer gammadelta T cells, although neither type needs to express CD8 itself. Both cell types encounter CD8-expressing non-T cells in the spleen, and their functional development in an otherwise CD8-negative environment can be restored with transferred spleen cell preparations containing CD8+ dendritic cells (DCs), but not CD8+ T cells or CD8- DCs. Our findings suggest that CD8+ DCs in the lymphoid tissues enable an early step in the development of gammadelta T cells through direct cell contact. DC-expressed CD8 might take part in this interaction.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted β‐Amino Alcohols by Nucleophilic Addition to N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl α‐Alkoxyaldimines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosidic Cleavage from Anaerobic Saponification of the Heptaacetate of Daunomycin Hydroquinone. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Erratum: Observation of two different types of optical supercontinua: Structured and structureless [Phys. Rev. A<b>74</b>, 053819 (2006)] (2007)

The anti-Stokes extension of optical supercontinuum ͑OSC͒ is defined as the spectral range from the pump wavelength to the shortest wavelength of the generated spectrum, and for structured OSC generated in 6.5 atm of methane it is about 11 600 cm -1 , Fig. 5. Instead of this, we have quoted the bandwidth of the structured OSC, i.e., 5600 cm -1 , which, actually, we wish to correct.The anti-Stokes extension of the structured OSC in neutrals, Eq. ͑1͒, and plasma, Eq. ͑2͒, depends ͑besides of material and pump pulse parameters͒ on the length of the self-trapping channel.The later extends with gas pressure toward the entrance cell window and its length may vary from few centimeters to almost the cell length.For the specified case, the length of the self-trapping channel varies typically from 20 cm to 40 cm, depending on the initial ͑zero pressure͒ focal position inside the gas cell , as well as on the variation of the pulse-to-pulse parameters.The anti-Stokes extension of the structured OSC due to self-phase modulation in neutrals and plasma can be estimated to 5500 cm -1 and 3700 cm -1 , respectively, for 20 cm long self-trapping channel ͑which is quoted in the text͒, and 12 200 cm -1 and 7400 cm -1 , respectively, for 40 cm long channel.The latter is around the maximum channel length in the shorter transparent gas cell, which, as has been mentioned in the paper, was also used in the OSC experiments in order to monitor the self-trapping pulse propagation.Thus, the self-phase modulation in neutrals may well explain the observed "blue" extension of the structured OSC.The above specification represents only a technical correction, which neither concerns the validity of the generation mechanism of the structured OSC ͑for which we have very clear qualitative and quantitative evidences͒ nor concerns at all the main subject of the work, i.e., the structureless OSC.We apologize to the readers for the specified inaccuracy.
Neurolymphomatosis as a relapse of primary cerebral nervous system lymphoma (2016)

Primary cerebral nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) which is confined to the CNS and the eyes. PCNSL should be distinguished from secondary CNS involvement...
Effect of Superplasticizers on Concrete-Steel Bond Strength (1984)

The effects of superp 1 asti ci zers on concrete-steel bond strength are studied. Key variables are degree of consolidation, concrete slump, both with and without a superplasticizer, concrete temperature, and bar position. #8 deformed reinforcing bars were used with a 2 in. cover and a 10 in. bonded length. Concrete slumps ranged from 1-3/4 in. to 9 in. Three specimen depths were used. All specimens were modified cantilever beam specimens. Based on the experimental results, high slump superplasticized concrete pro vi des a 1 ower bond strength than 1 ow slump concrete of the same strength. Superpl asti ci zed concrete pro vi des a higher bond strength than high slump regular concrete with the same slump and water-cement ratio. Vibration of high slump concrete increases the bond strength compared to high slump concrete without vibration. Bond strength decreases as the amount of concrete below a bar increases, but the greatest effect appears to occur with top-cast (i.e. upper surface) bars.
Design and First Operation of an Active Lower Limb Exoskeleton with Parallel Elastic Actuation (2021)

The lower limb exoskeleton investigated in this work actively supports the knee and hip and is intended to provide full motion support during gait. Parallel elastic actuators are integrated into the hip joints to improve the energy efficiency in gait. The prototype was tested in sit-to-stand and gait trials, in which the actuators were cascade-controlled with position trajectories. The compliant actuation of the hip in gait experiments proved to be more efficient; the peak torque was reduced by up to 31% and the RMS power was reduced by up to 36%.
Stress-induced variant rearrangement in Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals with nonlayered tetragonal martensitic structure (2004)

Three Ni-Mn-Ga alloys with different chemical compositions and nonmodulated tetragonal martensitic phase (NM) were studied. In two of the alloys, the polydomain nonmodulated tetragonal phase was obtained in cubic-tetragonal martensitic phase transformation at temperatures below and above Curie point, while in the third one, NM-phase is a result of intermartensitic transformation (7M-NM). Magnetic susceptibility and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study these phase transformations. X-ray diffraction, optical polarised microscopy and mechanical testing were used to study variant rearrangement in compression. Twinning strain approximately 19% was observed for all alloys. It was found also that twinning stress is high (approximately 6-18 MPa) and the alloys did not show detectable magnetic field-induced strain. The influence of magnetic field on stress-strain curves and temperature dependencies of twinning stress are presented.
Increased field of view through optical multiplexing (2010)

A compact thin-film shuttered multi-beamsplitter superposition imaging solution to reduce some of the system size and weight costs typically associated with conventional wide field of view imaging techniques is described and demonstrated.
Tomato <i>GOLDEN2-LIKE</i> Transcription Factors Reveal Molecular Gradients That Function during Fruit Development and Ripening (2014)

Fruit ripening is the summation of changes rendering fleshy fruit tissues attractive and palatable to seed dispersing organisms. For example, sugar content is influenced by plastid numbers and photosynthetic activity in unripe fruit and later by starch and sugar catabolism during ripening. Tomato fruit are sinks of photosynthate, yet unripe green fruit contribute significantly to the sugars that ultimately accumulate in the ripe fruit. Plastid numbers and chlorophyll content are influenced by numerous environmental and genetic factors and are positively correlated with photosynthesis and photosynthate accumulation. GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors regulate plastid and chlorophyll levels. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), like most plants, contains two GLKs (i.e., GLK1 and GLK2/UNIFORM). Mutant and transgene analysis demonstrated that these genes encode functionally similar peptides, though differential expression renders GLK1 more important in leaves, while GLK2 is predominant in fruit. A latitudinal gradient of GLK2 expression influences the typical uneven coloration of green and ripe wild-type fruit. Transcriptome profiling revealed a broader fruit gene expression gradient throughout development. The gradient influenced general ripening activities beyond plastid development and was consistent with the easily observed yet poorly studied ripening gradient present in tomato and many fleshy fruits.
Update on Nutrition Research Methodologies (2011)

In Brief This review is a synopsis from a recent symposium entitled "Update on Nutrition Research Methodologies" presented at the American College of Nutrition's Annual Meeting in Orlando, in October 2009. The speakers provided an overview of new handheld and Web-based dietary assessment tools and their application to clinical and epidemiologic studies, identified key features and attributes for comparative effectiveness studies in nutrition, identified how to critique the literature on nutrition and dietary supplements and apply the principles of evidence-based reviews to their research, and examined the level of evidence needed to support the development of public health policy for nutrients and dietary supplements Some recent developments on methods in nutrition research