gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chain Packing Analysis of the Passivating Layer on Nanocrystalline Quantum Dot Surfaces (2001)

The organic passivant layer on nanomaterial surfaces has been examined by correlating the phase behavior of the passivant using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermodynamic melting dynamics in the passivant layer supports the description of self-assembled monolayer-like interactions, with an initial constrained chain melting followed by modulation of the surface packing. Correlation of chain length with particle diameter and headgroup functionality suggests that in systems in which the radius of the particle is larger than the passivant layer thickness, chain−chain interactions dominate thermodynamic stabilities, with only a minimal contribution from headgroup stabilization of the passivating layer.
P104 &lt;break /&gt; Targeting glutamine metabolism as a novel mechanism of arresting pulmonary fibrosis (2016)

Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with no effective therapy. Cellular metabolic programming is critical to the activation, differentiation, and function of immune cells. Indeed, glutamine is critical for fueling the TCA cycle and promoting the generation of proteins, lipids, nucleotides as well as hypermetabolic inflammatory cells. Data is …
Optimizing vaccine-induced CD8<sup>+</sup>T-cell immunity: focus on recombinant adenovirus vectors (2011)

Recombinant adenoviruses have emerged as promising viral vectors for CD8(+) T-cell vaccines. Our studies have indicated that unlike most acute infections, the CD8(+) T-cell memory population elicited by recombinant human adenovirus serotype 5 (rHuAd5) displays a dominant effector memory phenotype. Persistent, low-level transgene expression from the rHuAd5 vector sustains the CD8(+) T-cell memory population and a nonhematopoietic cell compartment appears to be involved in long-term presentation of adenoviral antigens. Although we are beginning to learn more about the factors that control the maintenance and functionality of memory CD8(+) T cells, we do not yet fully understand what comprises a protective CD8(+) T-cell response. Results from upcoming Phase II clinical trials will be important for determining whether rHuAd5 T-cell vaccines are effective in humans and should help identify correlates of CD8(+) T-cell protection.
13‐2: <i>Invited Paper</i> : New “Glass Signage” Manufacturing, “Glass Direct Bonded LCD” and “Transparent Glass Screen” (2016)

Two kinds of new “glass signage” have been developed using the glass integration platform technology. Bonding technology using original glue can convert a window glass to signage instantly. Original glue has unique properties, high transparency, low Haze, refractive index which is almost the same as glass. It can be used without UV irradiation and without heat treatment for direct glass bonding. Glass having the original glue as adhesive layer is useful as cover glass of LCD panel. Low temperature glass lamination technology with original interlayer provides a transparent glass screen for digital projectors. These platform technology will expand display applications.
Experimental evaluation of small diameter synthetic arterial grafts. (1988)

Platelets labelled with Indium-111 were used to examine the in vivo thrombogenicity of different vascular grafts. The deposition of platelets in two partly different kinds of umbilical vein grafts, double velour Dacron grafts and double velour Dacron grafts with internal collagen was studied as a function of time. The grafts were inserted end to side in the femoral artery of pigs and then imaged for 120 minutes. Platelet distribution was also studied by in vitro static imaging. No difference was seen between the different umbilical vein grafts. The double velour grafts accumulated more platelets, the platelets mainly located in the midportion of the graft. The collagen-impregnated grafts occluded within 45 minutes.
Synthesis of Molybdenum Complexes that Contain “Hybrid” Triamidoamine Ligands, [(Hexaisopropylterphenyl-NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>N-aryl]<sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup>, and Studies Relevant to Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen (2006)

In the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction between HIPTBr (HIPT = 3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3 = hexaisopropylterphenyl) and (H2NCH2CH2)3N, it is possible to obtain a 65% isolated yield of (HIPTNHCH2CH2)2NCH2CH2NH2. A second coupling then can be carried out to yield a variety of "hybrid" ligands, (HIPTNHCH2CH2)2NCH2CH2NHAr, where Ar = 3,5-Me2C6H3, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3, 3,5-(MeO)2C6H3, 3,5-Me2NC5H3, 3,5-Ph2NC5H3, 2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2, or 2,4,6-Me3C6H2. The hybrid ligands may be attached to Mo to yield [hybrid]MoCl species. From the monochloride species, a variety of other species such as [hybrid]MoN, {[hybrid]MoN2}Na, and {[hybrid]Mo(NH3)}+ can be prepared. [Hybrid]MoN2 species were prepared through oxidation of {[hybrid]MoN2}Na species with ZnCl2, but they could not be isolated. [Hybrid]Mo=N-NH species could be observed as a consequence of the protonation of {[hybrid]MoN2}- species, but they too could not be isolated as a consequence of a facile decomposition to yield dihydrogen and [hybrid]MoN2 species. Attempts to reduce dinitrogen catalytically led to little or no ammonia being formed from dinitrogen. The fact that no ammonia was formed from dinitrogen in the case of Ar = 3,5-Me2C6H3, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3, or 3,5-(MeO)2C6H3 could be attributed to a rapid decomposition of intermediate [hybrid]Mo=N-NH species in the catalytic reaction, a decomposition that was shown in separate studies to be accelerated dramatically by 2,6-lutidine, the conjugate base of the acid employed in the attempted catalytic reduction. X-ray structures of [(HIPTNHCH2CH2)2NCH2CH2N{3,5-(CF3)2C6H3}]MoCl and [(HIPTNHCH2CH2)2NCH2CH2N(3,5-Me2C6H3)]MoN2}Na(THF)2 are reported.
Why Is an Aged Whiskey Highly Valued? (2009)

After fermentation followed by distillation, whiskey is stored in oak barrels for several years to some tens of years, a process known as aging. During the aging process in oak barrels, colorless distillates turn to amber distillates and the sharp or raw odor typical of fresh whiskey distillates is modified to a rounded, soft, and mellow aroma. Various compounds such as fragrances and polyphenols in the oak are extracted by the whiskey, while water or unpleasant odors pass out of the barrels through the boards. Aging of whiskey increases the potentiation of the response of GABAA receptor, a main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor and the target of mood-defining drugs such as tranquilizers, sleeping drugs and anesthetics. Aging of whiskey also increased 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, i.e., antioxidative activity. The increase of acidic and phenolic components in whiskey, which is gained in oak wood barrels during aging, shifted OH-proton chemical shift values toward the lower field proportionally, suggesting that these compounds strengthened the hydrogen-bonding structure of water-ethanol in whiskey and may make the whiskey taste good. These changes of minor components in whiskey during aging might improve the flavor and taste and make aged whiskey highly valued.
Corner-Filleted Flexure Hinges (2000)

The paper presents an analytical approach to corner-filleted flexure hinges. Closed- form solutions are derived for the in-plane compliance factors. It is demonstrated that the corner-filleted flexure hinge spans a domain delimited by the simple beam and the right circular flexure hinge. A comparison that is made with the right circular flexure hinges indicates that the corner-filleted flexures are more bending-compliant and induce lower stresses but are less precise in rotation. The finite element simulation and experimental results confirmed the model predictions.
Full-color eye-box expansion via holographic volume gratings recorded in photo-thermo-refractive glass (2022)

Conventional head-up displays (HUDs) suffer from a limited exit pupil and a lack of compactness mainly due to the use of bulky optics. HUDs need a high-quality image with a large field of view (FOV) in small packaging to gain commercial acceptability. Holographic HUDs are phase-only devices that allow vision correction and focus adjustment while having a wide FOV. However, the limited bandwidth of a spatial light modulator (SLM) imposes a trade-off between the FOV and eye-box size. Combining a holographic system with an image-replicating element eliminates such a tradeoff. For image replication, we designed and fabricated a compact 2D diffractive beam splitter formed from two perpendicular volume gratings operating in the Raman-Nath regime. The gratings were recorded holographically in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass, with optimized index modulation, thickness, and period to provide uniform intensity distribution across all desired orders for the fundamental red, green and blue (RGB) colors. We demonstrated a full-color holographic projection with an eye-box expanded by the designed 2D diffractive beam splitters.
Effectiveness and limitations of local structural entropy optimization in the thermal stabilization of mesophilic and thermophilic adenylate kinases (2014)

Local structural entropy (LSE) is a descriptor for the extent of conformational heterogeneity in short protein sequences that is computed from structural information derived from the Protein Data Bank. Reducing the LSE of a protein sequence by introducing amino acid mutations can result in fewer conformational states and thus a more stable structure, indicating that LSE optimization can be used as a protein stabilization method. Here, we describe a series of LSE optimization experiments designed to stabilize mesophilic and thermophilic adenylate kinases (AKs) and report crystal structures of LSE-optimized AK variants. In the mesophilic AK, thermal stabilization by LSE reduction was effective but limited. Structural analyses of the LSE-optimized mesophilic AK variants revealed a strong correlation between LSE and the apolar buried surface area. Additional mutations designed to introduce noncovalent interactions between distant regions of the polypeptide resulted in further stabilization. Unexpectedly, optimizing the LSE of the thermophilic AK resulted in a decrease in thermal stability. This destabilization was reduced when charged residues were excluded from the possible substitutions during LSE optimization. These observations suggest that stabilization by LSE reduction may result from the optimization of local hydrophobic contacts. The limitations of this process are likely due to ignorance of other interactions that bridge distant regions in a given amino acid sequence. Our results illustrate the effectiveness and limitations of LSE optimization as a protein stabilization strategy and highlight the importance and complementarity of local conformational stability and global interactions in protein thermal stability.
Differential Chitinase Activity and Production within Francisella Species, Subspecies, and Subpopulations (2011)

Genotyping of Francisella tularensis (A1a, A1b, A2, and type B) and Francisella novicida has identified multiple differences between species and among F. tularensis subspecies and subpopulations. Variations in virulence, geographic distribution, and ecology are also known to exist among this group of bacteria, despite the >95% nucleotide identity in their genomes. This study expands the description of phenotypic differences by evaluating the ability of F. tularensis and F. novicida to degrade chitin analogs and produce active chitinases. Endochitinase activities were observed to vary among F. tularensis and F. novicida strains. The activity observed for F. tularensis strains was predominantly associated with whole-cell lysates, while the chitinase activity of F. novicida localized to the culture supernatant. In addition, the overall level of chitinase activity differed among the subpopulations of F. tularensis and between the species. Bioinformatic analyses identified two new putative chitinase genes (chiC and chiD), as well as the previously described chiA and chiB. However, the presence of these four open reading frames as intact genes or pseudogenes was found to differ between Francisella species and F. tularensis subspecies and subpopulations. Recombinant production of the putative chitinases and enzymatic evaluations revealed ChiA, ChiB, ChiC, and ChiD possessed dissimilar chitinase activities. These biochemical studies coupled with bioinformatic analyses and the evaluation of chiA and chiC knockouts in F. tularensis A1 and A2 strains, respectively, provided a molecular basis to explain the differential chitinase activities observed among the species and subpopulations of Francisella.
Low sonic boom shock control/alleviation surface (1998)

A sonic control device that reduces the effects of shock waves generated by an aircraft traveling at supersonic speeds.The control device includes a control surface located at or near the nose section of the aircraft.The position of the control surface can be moved between a retracted position and an extended position.When in a deflected position.the
Expansion and Protection by a Virus-Specific NK Cell Subset Lacking Expression of the Inhibitory NKR-P1B Receptor during Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection (2016)

NK cells play a major role in immune defense against human and murine CMV (MCMV) infection. Although the MCMV genome encodes for MHC class I-homologous decoy ligands for inhibitory NK cell receptors to evade detection, some mouse strains have evolved activating receptors, such as Ly49H, to recognize these ligands and initiate an immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that approximately half of the Ly49H-expressing (Ly49H(+)) NK cells in the spleen and liver of C57BL/6 mice also express the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor. During MCMV infection, the NKR-P1B(-)Ly49H(+) NK cell subset proliferates to constitute the bulk of the NK cell population. This NK cell subset also confers better protection against MCMV infection compared with the NKR-P1B(+)Ly49H(+) subset. The two populations are composed of cells that differ in their surface expression of receptors such as Ly49C/I and NKG2A/C/E, as well as developmental markers, CD27 and CD11b, and the high-affinity IL-2R (CD25) following infection. Although the NKR-P1B(+) NK cells can produce effector molecules such as IFNs and granzymes, their proliferation is inhibited during infection. A similar phenotype in MCMV-infected Clr-b-deficient mice, which lack the ligand for NKR-P1B, suggests the involvement of ligands other than the host Clr-b. Most interestingly, genetic deficiency of the NKR-P1B, but not Clr-b, results in accelerated virus clearance and recovery from MCMV infection. This study is particularly significant because the mouse NKR-P1B:Clr-b receptor:ligand system represents the closest homolog of the human NKR-P1A:LLT1 system and may have a direct relevance to human CMV infection.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Pauson–Khand‐Type Reaction Using Alcohol as a Source of Carbon Monoxide (2010)

Drei mechanistisch unterschiedliche Reaktionen werden bei der neuartigen katalytischen intramolekularen Auto-Tandem-Synthese bicyclischer Cyclopentenone aus Eninen in Alkohol in Gegenwart eines Rhodiumkatalysators kombiniert: eine Alkoholoxidation, eine Aldehyddecarbonylierung und eine carbonylierende [2+2+1]-Cycloaddition (siehe Schema; dppp=Propan-l,3-diylbis(diphenylphosphan)).
Titanium doped cryogenic sapphire resonator oscillators (2005)

Residual paramagnetic impurities are present in high quality sapphire crystal. This phenomenon was exploited as paramagnetic spin compensation at liquid helium temperature to build high Q cryogenic sapphire resonator oscillators (CSRO). In this paper we present the characterization of intentionally Ti <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> and Ti <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4+</sup> doped sapphire resonator oscillators. For the Ti <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> resonator we used the 12.7 GHz mode operating at 34K. This resonator exhibited a frequency stability of order 2 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> for 8s < tau < 20s with the use of a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler as a cold source. This corresponds to state-of-the-art line splitting of the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> . A second experiment with a pulse tube cryocooler shows an improvement in the short term frequency stability. The Ti <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4+</sup> resonator oscillator at 13.8 GHz exhibited a frequency stability of 7 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-14</sup> at tau = 16s
Effects of endosome acidification inhibitors, bafilomycin A-1 (BFLA-1) and chloroquine, on the mNDK or HXB2 Env-bearing HIV-1 vector. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Transduction titers of the mNDK and HXB2 HIV-1 vectors were measured on 293T (panel A), TE671 (panel B), and HeLa (panel C) cells treated with the inhibitors. Relative values to the titers on cells treated with an equal volume of DMSO are indicated. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to the relative value on the DMSO-treated cells. Cathepsin B activities of cell lysates from the DMSO (open bar)- or chloroquine (closed bar)-treated cells were measured (panel D left panel). 293T, TE671, and HeLa cells were treated with chloroquine at 25, 50, and 200 µM, respectively. DMSO or chloroquine was added to cell lysates from untreated cells, and their cathepsin B activities were measured (panel D right panel). Fluorescence intensities were indicated. The cell surface expression of CXCR4 was analyzed on the treated cells by a fluorescence flow cytometer (panel E). Relative values to means of fluorescence intensity in the DMSO-treated cells are indicated. This experiment was repeated 3 times, and the results are shown as averages +− SD.&lt;/p&gt;
Thermal Stability of Electroless Nickel–Molybdenum–Phosphorus Alloy Films (1986)

Abstract The structure and the electric resistivity of electroless Ni–Mo–P alloy films, which were plated from a caustic alkali citrate-glycolic acid bath, have been investigated. The phosphorus content in deposits and the deposition rate decreased with increasing Mo-complex concentration which was formed with sodium gluconate before constructing the bath. The crystallized structure and the formation of solid solutions between the Ni matrix and the codeposited Mo were indicated by X-ray diffraction measurments for high Mo-complex concentration range. On the other hand, amorphous states appeared for the Mo-complex concentration range lower than 0.002 mol dm−3. In the range less than 0.002 mol dm−3 Mo-complex concentration, the resistivity of as-plated Ni–Mo–P films was higher than the binary Ni–P alloy film plated from the bath without the Mo-complex. In the higher Mo-complex concentration range, the resistivity immediately reached a constant value independently of the Mo-complex concentration. After 500 and 800 °C heat treatment under vacuum, the resistivity increased with increasing Mo-complex concentration. Moreover for the higher Mo-complex concentration range, the resistivity after heat treatment became higher than that of as-plated conditions, and the increased resistivity after the heat treatment depended on the Mo content in the deposits. Therefore, the codeposited Mo tended to increase the thermal stability of the films.
Simple Two-Portal Technique for Endoscopic Gastrocnemius Recession: Clinical Tip (2011)

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Executable formal specification and validation of NoC communication infrastructures (2008)

We describe an enhanced generic model for Networks-on-Chip (NoCs), implemented in the executable logic of the ACL2 theorem prover. The model is meant for serving as a formal reference for the specification, validation, and simulation at the initial design phase. Instantiated on a specific NoC, the model may be used for formal proofs and for simulation. The methodology is illustrated on HERMES.
TV White Space Technology: Interference in Portable Cognitive Emergency Network (2012)

We address the problem of interference between portable cognitive emergency wireless networks (PCENs) operating in the TV white space (TVWS). We use stochastic-geometric model to gauge the expected reduction of effective service area caused by the interference between adjacent PCENs. The modeling steps are introduced in a tutorial fashion, and our results reveal the intrinsic relationship that PCEN service area has with environmental and TVWS-related system parameters, such as number of available TV channels, density of PCEN networks, and path-loss attenuation exponent. Furthermore, we give an up-to-date and timely overview of the under going activities in international standardization bodies as well as regulations created toward the realization of communications in the TVWS.
Noise Covariance Matrices Estimation for Systems with Time-Varying Availability of Sensors (2017)

The paper deals with the estimation of the noise covariance matrices of a time-varying system described by a state-space model with a time-varying set of sensors. In particular, the measurement difference autocovariance method, is proposed. The method is based on a statistical analysis of linearity transformed measurements leading to a system of linear matrix equations. The theoretical results are discussed and illustrated using a numerical study.
Vertical Seismic Profiling--A Measurement that Transfers Geology to Geophysics: Chapter 2 (1985)

Vertical seismic profiling (commonly abbreviated to the shorter name VSP) is one of the rapidly developing areas of geophysical technology in the Western hemisphere. The measurement basically involves recording the total upgoing and downgoing seismic wavefields propagating through a stratigraphic section by means of geophones clamped to the wall of a drilled well. In most seismic measurements, both the energy source and the receivers are positioned on the earth's surface. What happens to the seismic wavelet as it propagates from the source to a subsurface reflector and back to the receivers is mostly a matter of inference based on the characteristics of the source and on the properties of the wavefield measured at the surface. Vertical seismic profiling replaces much of t is inference with several closely-spaced direct physical measurements of the seismic wavefield in the real earth conditions that exist between the earth's surface and the subsurface reflector. These measurements are proving to be invaluable in structural, stratigraphic, and lithological interpretations of the subsurface and are particularly valuable when combined with surface-recorded seismic data covering a prospective area around a VSP well. VSP wavefield measurements provide two vital pieces of information needed in seismic stratigraphy: (1) they calibrate seismic signals in terms of the geology that exists at the depths where upgoing reflections are created; and (2) they provide an additional, and usually an improved, image of subsurface geology near a VSP well. Several examples of VSP data will be shown and discussed in order to illustrate how vertical seismic profiling accomplishes these two objectives of seismic calibration and geological imaging.