gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Adaptive aberration correction based on an opto-electronic Zernike wavefront sensor and the decoupled stochastic parallel gradient descent control technique&lt;/title&gt; (2002)

We present performance results from an experimental adaptive system based on a recently proposed adaptive optics control technique -- the decoupled stochastic parallel gradient descent (D-SPGD) optimization technique. The system consists of an opto-electronic Zernike wave front sensor implemented with a 128x128 element LC phase modulator from Boulder Nonlinear Systems and a 127 element LC phase modulator from Meadowlark Optics used as a wave front corrector. Results demonstrate that adaptive wave front correction using the D-SPGD optimization technique can provide efficient compensation of phase distortions.
A &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$\mu $ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt;-Controller-Based System for Interfacing Selectorless RRAM Crossbar Arrays (2015)

Selectorless crossbar arrays of resistive randomaccess memory (RRAM), also known as memristors, conduct large sneak currents during operation, which can significantly corrupt the accuracy of cross-point analog resistance (M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) measurements. In order to mitigate this issue, we have designed, built, and tested a memristor characterization and testing (mCAT) instrument that forces redistribution of sneak currents within the crossbar array, dramatically increasing M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> measurement accuracy. We calibrated the mCAT using a custom-made 32 × 32 discrete resistive crossbar array, and subsequently demonstrated its functionality on solid-state TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2-x</sub> RRAM arrays, on wafer and packaged, of the same size. Our platform can measure standalone M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> in the range of 1 kΩ to 1 MΩ with <;1% error. For our custom resistive crossbar, 90% of devices of the same resistance range were measured with <;10% error. The platform's limitations have been quantified using large-scale nonideal crossbar simulations.
FCMPASS Protocol Collection v1 (2020)

This is collection contains the protocols required for each step in the fcmpass software pipeline for performing small particle calibration using the fcmpass software package.
Variance and Convergence Analysis of Monte Carlo Line and Segment Sampling (2017)

Abstract Recently researchers have started employing Monte Carlo‐like line sample estimators in rendering, demonstrating dramatic reductions in variance (visible noise) for effects such as soft shadows, defocus blur, and participating media. Unfortunately, there is currently no formal theoretical framework to predict and analyze Monte Carlo variance using line and segment samples which have inherently anisotropic Fourier power spectra. In this work, we propose a theoretical formulation for lines and finite‐length segment samples in the frequency domain that allows analyzing their anisotropic power spectra using previous isotropic variance and convergence tools. Our analysis shows that judiciously oriented line samples not only reduce the dimensionality but also pre‐filter C 0 discontinuities, resulting in further improvement in variance and convergence rates. Our theoretical insights also explain how finite‐length segment samples impact variance and convergence rates only by pre‐filtering discontinuities. We further extend our analysis to consider (uncorrelated) multi‐directional line (segment) sampling, showing that such schemes can increase variance compared to unidirectional sampling. We validate our theoretical results with a set of experiments including direct lighting, ambient occlusion, and volumetric caustics using points, lines, and segment samples.
A poker-game-based feedback suppression algorithm for satellite reliable multicast (2002)

As in terrestrial reliable multicasting, feedback implosion is a major problem in satellite multicast. The feedback implosion occurs when a large number of receivers sends their feedback to the satellite. A poker-game-based feedback suppression (PFS) algorithm is proposed for scalable satellite reliable multicast protocols. An analytical model is provided for the feedback suppression performance of the PFS scheme. This model is validated by simulation results. Numerical examples show that feedback can be effectively suppressed by introducing the PFS algorithm.
Development of linear traveling wave tubes for telecommunications applications (2001)

Traveling wave tubes (TWTs) designed for telecommunications applications in multichannel power amplifiers (MCPAs) are required to have high linearity, low intermodulation distortion, high efficiency and high power outputs. The linearity of the TWT can be greatly improved by operation of the tube significantly backed off from saturation and by optimization of the design of the helix circuit. This results in two tone intermodulation products that are 25 to 40 dB below the carrier level, depending on the amount of back-off selected. However, operation backed off from saturation results in a greatly reduced efficiency of the TWT, which must be compensated for by optimal circuit and collector design. Several L-band and S-band Hughes TWTs have been developed for telecommunications applications and feature saturated power levels of up to 2 kW and average power of over 600 W with overall efficiencies of over 20% at 10 dB back-off and 40% at 6 dB back-off. These tubes provide high average power, high efficiency amplification with modest size and reduced cooling requirements compared to solid state amplifiers.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced failure of lower esophageal and pyloric sphincter and counteraction of sphincters failure with stable gatric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats. (2017)

The sphincters failure is a part of NSAIDs-toxicity that can be accordingly counteracted. We used a safe stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, MW 1419), LD1 not achieved, since successful in inflammatory bowel disease trials, and counteracts esophagitis, sphincters failure, gastrointestinal ulcer and skin ulcer, external and internal fistulas in rats, and particularly counteracts all NSAIDs-lesions. We assessed lower esophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter pressure (cmH<sub>2</sub>O) in rats treated with various NSAIDs regimens, at corresponding time points, known to produce stomach, small intestine lesions, hepatotoxicity and encephalopathy. Assessment was after diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneal challenge), ibuprofen (400 mg/day/kg intraperitoneally for 4 weeks), paracetamol (5.0 g/kg intraperitoneal challenge), aspirin (400 mg/kg intraperitoneally or intragastrically), celecoxib (0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally). BPC 157 (10 μg/kg, 10 ng/kg) was given immediately after NSAIDs (intraperitoneally or intragastrically) or given in drinking water. Regularly, in all control NSAIDs fall of pressure occurred in both sphincters rapidly and then persisted. By contrast, in all NSAIDs-rats that received BPC 157, initial fall of pressure was minimized and pressure values restored to normal values. All tested NSAIDs decrease pressure in both sphincters, whilst BPC 157 counteracts their effects and restored both sphincters function.
Band‐Tail Recombination in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite (2017)

Traps limit the photovoltaic efficiency and affect the charge transport of optoelectronic devices based on hybrid lead halide perovskites. Understanding the nature and energy scale of these trap states is therefore crucial for the development and optimization of solar cell and laser technology based on these materials. Here, the low‐temperature photoluminescence of formamidinium lead triiodide (HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbI 3 ) is investigated. A power‐law time dependence in the emission intensity and an additional low‐energy emission peak that exhibits an anomalous relative Stokes shift are observed. Using a rate‐equation model and a Monte Carlo simulation, it is revealed that both phenomena arise from an exponential trap‐density tail with characteristic energy scale of ≈3 meV. Charge‐carrier recombination from sites deep within the tail is found to cause emission with energy downshifted by up to several tens of meV. Hence, such phenomena may in part be responsible for open‐circuit voltage losses commonly observed in these materials. In this high‐quality hybrid perovskite, trap states thus predominantly comprise a continuum of energetic levels (associated with disorder) rather than discrete trap energy levels (associated, e.g., with elemental vacancies). Hybrid perovskites may therefore be viewed as classic semiconductors whose band‐structure picture is moderated by a modest degree of energetic disorder.
Expansion of Access Tunnels and Active‐Site Cavities Influence Activity of Haloalkane Dehalogenases in Organic Cosolvents (2013)

The use of enzymes for biocatalysis can be significantly enhanced by using organic cosolvents in the reaction mixtures. Selection of the cosolvent type and concentration range for an enzymatic reaction is challenging and requires extensive empirical testing. An understanding of protein-solvent interaction could provide a theoretical framework for rationalising the selection process. Here, the behaviour of three model enzymes (haloalkane dehalogenases) was investigated in the presence of three representative organic cosolvents (acetone, formamide, and isopropanol). Steady-state kinetics assays, molecular dynamics simulations, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of enzyme-solvent interactions. Cosolvent molecules entered the enzymes' access tunnels and active sites, enlarged their volumes with no change in overall protein structure, but surprisingly did not act as competitive inhibitors. At low concentrations, the cosolvents either enhanced catalysis by lowering K(0.5) and increasing k(cat), or caused enzyme inactivation by promoting substrate inhibition and decreasing k(cat). The induced activation and inhibition of the enzymes correlated with expansion of the active-site pockets and their occupancy by cosolvent molecules. The study demonstrates that quantitative analysis of the proportions of the access tunnels and active-sites occupied by organic solvent molecules provides the valuable information for rational selection of appropriate protein-solvent pair and effective cosolvent concentration.
Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion Protein Is the Major Contributor to Protective Immunity of Genotype-Matched Vaccine (2013)

Virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can cause devastating disease in chickens worldwide. Although the current vaccines are substantially effective, they do not completely prevent infection, virus shedding and disease. To produce genotype-matched vaccines, a full-genome reverse genetics system has been used to generate a recombinant virus in which the F protein cleavage site has been changed to that of avirulent vaccine virus. In the other strategy, the vaccines have been generated by replacing the F and HN genes of a commercial vaccine strain with those from a genotype-matched virus. However, the protective efficacy of a chimeric virus vaccine has not been directly compared with that of a full-genome virus vaccine developed by reverse genetics. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of genotype VII matched chimeric vaccines by generating three recombinant viruses based on avirulent LaSota (genotype II) strain in which the open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the F and HN proteins were replaced, individually or together, with those of the circulating and highly virulent Indonesian NDV strain Ban/010. The cleavage site of the Ban/010 F protein was mutated to the avirulent motif found in strain LaSota. In vitro growth characteristics and a pathogenicity test indicated that all three chimeric viruses retained the highly attenuated phenotype of the parental viruses. Immunization of chickens with chimeric and full-length genome VII vaccines followed by challenge with virulent Ban/010 or Texas GB (genotype II) virus demonstrated protection against clinical disease and death. However, only those chickens immunized with chimeric rLaSota expressing the F or F plus HN proteins of the Indonesian strain were efficiently protected against shedding of Ban/010 virus. Our findings showed that genotype-matched vaccines can provide protection to chickens by efficiently preventing spread of virus, primarily due to the F protein.
Probing the Kinetic Landscape of Transient Peptide−Protein Interactions by Use of Peptide <sup>15</sup>N NMR Relaxation Dispersion Spectroscopy:  Binding of an Antithrombin Peptide to Human Prothrombin (2003)

Protein-ligand interactions may lead to the formation of multiple molecular complexes in dynamic exchange, affecting the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of the binding equilibrium. We followed the dissociation kinetics of the transient and specific complex of an antithrombotic peptide N-acetyl-Asp(55)-Phe-Glu-Glu-Ile-Pro(60)-Glu-Glu-Tyr-Leu-Gln(65) with human prothrombin by use of (15)N NMR relaxation dispersion spectroscopy of the peptide. Every one of the five (15)N-labeled adjacent residues of the peptide exhibited apparently different kinetic exchange and relaxation behaviors, which were especially evident at different concentrations of prothrombin. Binding-induced (15)N relaxation dispersion of residues Phe(56), Glu(57), Glu(58), and Ile(59) can be fitted phenomenologically to a two-site on-and-off exchange mechanism with physically feasible relaxation and kinetic parameters obtained for residues Phe(56), Glu(58), and Ile(59), independent of the prothrombin concentration. The apparent kinetic parameters of Glu(57) show some dependence on the concentration of prothrombin and the extracted transverse relaxation rate for Glu(57) in the bound state was severalfold higher than that expected for a protein-peptide complex with a size of approximately 72 kDa. In addition, the equilibrium population of the bound peptide obtained for Glu(57) was inconsistent with those for Phe(56), Glu(58), and Ile(59) and with the prothrombin/peptide ratios used in the experiments. These discrepancies can be explained by the presence of two conformations for the peptide-protein complex exchanging at a rate of approximately 100 s(-)(1). In all, our study shows that fast dissociation of protein-peptide complexes can be studied quantitatively using peptide (15)N NMR relaxation dispersion measurements without a precise knowledge of the peptide and protein concentrations. In addition, protein titration was found to improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis and may make it possible to determine the rate of conformational changes within the protein-peptide complex.
Photon-efficient computational imaging with a single-photon camera (2016)

Using a photon-efficient reconstruction algorithm and a single-photon camera prototype, we demonstrate accurate depth and reflectivity imaging of natural scenes from an average of ∼1 detected signal photon per pixel.
Assembly of Dynamic Gated and Cascaded Transient DNAzyme Networks (2022)

The dynamic transient formation and depletion of G-quadruplexes regulate gene replication and transcription. This process was found to be related to various diseases such as cancer and premature aging. We report on the engineering of nucleic acid modules revealing dynamic, transient assembly and disassembly of G-quadruplex structures and G-quadruplex-based DNAzymes, gated transient processes, and cascaded dynamic transient reactions that involve G-quadruplex and DNAzyme structures. The dynamic transient processes are driven by functional DNA reaction modules activated by a fuel strand and guided toward dissipative operation by a nicking enzyme (Nt.BbvCI). The dynamic networks were further characterized by computational simulation of the experiments using kinetic models, allowing us to predict the dynamic performance of the networks under different auxiliary conditions applied to the systems. The systems reported herein could provide functional DNA machineries for the spatiotemporal control of G-quadruplex structures perturbing gene expression and thus provide a therapeutic means for related emergent diseases.
Proplant: Multiagent system for production planning (2000)

The so-called ''tribase'' acquaintance model of the agent's behavior is presented in this paper. This represents an extension of the twin-base model (Cao et al., 1997). Based on practical experience, the new model tries to cope with parallel processing, precedence constraints, and sparse resources. The idea of substituting the interagent negotiation processes by the periodical internal planning activity of the agents is stressed. A multiagent system, ProPlanT, as an application of the tribase model for the project-oriented production planning developed for TESLA TV company is described in detail. Three types of agents production planning agent (PPA), production management agent (PMA), and production agent (PA) are distinguished. The corresponding tribase models and potential role of metaagents are discussed.
Edge-released, piezoelectric MEMS acoustic transducers in array configuration (2012)

A sensitive, broad-bandwidth piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) transducer based on frequency interleaving of resonant transducers was designed and fabricated. A sputter-deposited piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film on the diaphragm is used to sense and generate acoustic pressure. A high compliance cantilever and spiral-beam-supported diaphragms are designed and built on the edge-released MEMS structure to release initial residual stress and to avoid in-plane tension when bent. Stress compensation has been achieved by adjusting the thickness of each layer of the cantilever and by compensating for the ZnO film's compressive stress with the bimorph structure of the spiral-beam. For a given pressure level and diaphragm size, the maximum strain on the spiral-beam-supported diaphragm is about an order of magnitude larger than that of a rectangular cantilever diaphragm. Also, the acoustic transducer built on the spiral-beam-supported diaphragm has a much higher sensitivity (but with less tolerance on the fabrication process variation and at the cost of lower usable bandwidth) than the one built on a rectangular cantilever diaphragm. By connecting many transducers in parallel, both the sensitivity and acoustic output were improved about 30 times. The interleaving of the transducers increased not only the sensitivity, but also broadened the useable bandwidth.
Primary structures of chicken cone visual pigments: vertebrate rhodopsins have evolved out of cone visual pigments. (1992)

The chicken retina contains rhodopsin (a rod visual pigment) and four kinds of cone visual pigments. The primary structures of chicken red (iodopsin) and rhodopsin have been determined previously. Here we report isolation of three cDNA clones encoding additional pigments from a chicken retinal cDNA library. Based on the partial amino acid sequences of the purified chicken visual pigments together with their biochemical and spectral properties, we have identified these clones as encoding the chicken green, blue, and violet visual pigments. Chicken violet was very similar to human blue not only in absorption maximum (chicken violet, 415 nm; human blue, 419 nm) but also in amino acid sequence (80.6% identical). Interestingly, chicken green was more similar (71-75.1%) than any other known cone pigment (42.0-53.7%) to vertebrate rhodopsins. The fourth additional cone pigment, chicken blue, had relatively low similarity (39.3-54.6%) in amino acid sequence to those of the other vertebrate visual pigments. A phylogenetic tree of vertebrate visual pigments constructed on the basis of amino acid identity indicated that an ancestral visual pigment evolved first into four groups (groups L, S, M1, and M2), each of which includes one of the chicken cone pigments, and that group Rh including vertebrate rhodopsins diverged from group M2 later. Thus, it is suggested that the gene for scotopic vision (rhodopsin) has evolved out of that for photopic vision (cone pigments). The divergence of rhodopsin from cone pigments was accompanied by an increase in negative net charge of the pigment.
Detection of Antigen‐Specific Human Serum Proteins Related to the T‐Cell Receptor in Infectious Disease and in an Immune Response to Milk Proteins or Chemicals (2000)

Abstract. A monoclonal IgG2 antibody, MG3C9–1 A12, was prepared by immunization of mice with human serum Cohn Fraction III proteins enriched for TCR Ca + proteins. MG3C9–1 A12 bound to Mr 28,000, antigen‐specific TCR Ca + , β − , and TCR Ca + , β + serum proteins associated with TGF‐β1, 2. The IgG2 monoclonal antibody also bound to T‐lymphocyte proteins but did not bind to B lymphocyte proteins, human albumin, IgM, IgG, IgA, or TGF‐β1, 2, 3 immunogenic peptides. Monoclonal MG3C9–1 A12 detected TCR‐related proteins specific for filarial extract, milk proteins, or benzoic acid in the sera of individuals with chronic or asymptomatic filariasis, milk intolerance, or sensitivity to toluene, respectively. TCR‐related serum proteins were also detected intracellularly in mononuclear cells in frozen sections of ileum from a patient with milk intolerance and reactive mesenteric lymph nodes from a patient with a gastric ulcer. The results suggest that antigen‐specific TCR‐related serum proteins may be elevated during an immune response to oral, environmental, or infectious stimuli.
Heavy-Duty Cleanup: Caesium Formate-Based Microemulsions Make Light Work of a Tough Job (2016)

Abstract Minimising drilling costs is an ongoing concern, especially with global uncertainty and volatile oil prices. One area in which costs can be reduced is in the wellbore cleanup phase. Inefficient cleanup can result in large volumes of liquid waste that must be treated or disposed of, particularly if a non-aqueous drilling fluid (NADF) is used. In addition, completion fluid costs can be significant, especially where high-density brines are required for wellbore safety. Improved cleaning efficiency can lead to significant cost savings. Wellbore cleanups in high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) wells can be particularly challenging. Not only is high-density brine required to maintain hydrostatic overbalance to control formation pressures, the brine is often at or close to its saturation point. The selection of surfactants that function effectively in high-salinity fluids can be very challenging. Extensive laboratory testing must be performed to ensure compatibility between the cleanup spacer and the drilling fluid. The performance of the cleanup is then assessed through a series of bottle and viscometer sleeve tests to ensure the solids and metal surfaces were rendered fully water-wet. A significant challenge when designing cleanup spacers is balancing excellent performance of oily residues and solids removal with thermal and chemical stability. Microemulsion cleanup spacers have been used to perform efficient wellbore cleanups in deepwater applications, resulting in reduced volumes of waste fluids. This paper describes the field application of a high-density caesium formate brine microemulsion cleanup spacer to efficiently displace and remove a high-density barite and manganese tetraoxide-weighted NADF. Results show that microemulsions exhibit excellent displacement and cleanup performance of a challenging drilling fluid. Microemulsion technology results in a quicker cleanup with reduced waste volumes, thereby minimising costs. The high value of caesium formate brine means that maximising the recovery of this valuable asset is essential to justify the economics of the cleanup process. This paper describes the transfer of microemulsion cleanup technology used in deepwater environments to HTHP applications.