gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogenation of 2-phenyl-1-propene on platinum black modified with copper (1980)

Copper deposited from a solution of copper(II) formate on Pt-black at surface coverage lower than unity is present on the platinum surface both in the form of ad-atoms and in the form of multiatomic layers. From the dependence of the hydrogenation rate on coverage by copper is followed that the reaction rate depended on the number of free pairs of the adsorption sites of platinum unoccupied by copper.
Maternal serum unconjugated oestriol and human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in twin pregnancies: implications for screening for Down's syndrome (1991)

In maternal serum screening programmes for Down's syndrome dividing uE3, hCG and AFP MoM values in twin pregnancies by the corresponding medians for twin pregnancies will, in expectation, yield a similar false-positive rate in twin pregnancies as in singleton pregnancies.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Activity Relationships for Unsaturated Dialdehydes. Part 13. The Reactivity of Drimane Unsaturated Dialdehydes Towards Nucleophiles. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solid state fermentation of amylase production from Bacillus subtilis D19 using agro-residues (2019)

The selected bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis D19 was inoculated into the solid residues such as, wheat bran, banana peel, orange peel, rice bran and pine apple peel. Among the tested solid wastes, wheat bran showed enhanced the production of amylase (640 U/g) than other tested substrates. The carbon and nitrogen sources were initially screened by traditional method using wheat bran medium. Amylase activity was high in the wheat bran substrate supplemented with starch (670 U/g). The tested nitrogen sources enhanced amylase activity. Among the selected nitrogen sources, yeast extract stimulated maximum production of amylase (594 U/g). In two level full factorial experimental design, maximum activity (1239 U/g) was obtained at pH 9.0, 70% (v/w) moisture, 1% (w/w) starch, 1% (w/w) yeast extract and 5% (v/w) inoculums. Central composite design and response surface methodology was used to optimize the required medium concentration (pH, moisture content of the medium and starch concentrations) for the maximum production of amylase. All three selected variables enhanced amylase production over 3 fold in optimized medium.
Vaccination against <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> infection using a <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> defined recombinant antigen, Sm14 (2003)

Fasciola hepatica is the causative agent of fasciolosis in many areas in America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia. There is an urgent need for improved methods to control the parasite's transmission. We describe the use of an experimental vaccine based on a recombinant antigen cloned from another parasite, Schistosoma mansoni (Sm14), that induces high levels of cross protection in mice against both S. mansoni and F. hepatica. Sheep and mice vaccinated with Sm14 were significantly protected against challenge infection with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica and were completely free of the histopathological hepatic damage related to liver fluke infection. The vaccine will provide a valuable new tool to aid in transmission control of this economically important disease.
Biomineralized α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: texture and electrochemical reaction with Li (2013)

Sustainable batteries call for the development of new eco-efficient processes for preparation of electrode materials based on low cost and abundant chemical elements. Here we report a method based on bacterial iron biomineralization for the synthesis of α-Fe2O3 and its subsequent use as a conversion-based electrode material in Li batteries. This high-yield synthesis approach enlists (1) the room temperature formation of γ-FeOOH via the use of an anaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1 and (2) the transformation of these BoFeN1/γ-FeOOH assemblies into an alveolar bacteria-free α-Fe2O3 material by a short heat treatment under air. As the γ-FeOOH precursor particles are precipitated between the two membranes of the bacterial cell wall (40 nm–thick space), the final material consists of highly monodisperse nanometric (∼40 × 15 nm) and oriented hematite crystals, assembled to form a hollow shell having the same size and shape as the initial bacteria (bacteriomorph). This double level of control (nanometric particle size and particle organization at the micrometric scale) provided powders exhibiting (1) enhanced electrochemical reversibility when fully reacted with Li and (2) an impressive high rate capability when compared to non-textured primary α-Fe2O3 particles of similar size. This bacterially induced eco-efficient and scalable synthesis method opens wide new avenues to be explored at the crossroads of biomineralization and electrochemistry for energy storage.
Correlation of specific oxygen uptake rates and cell cycle duration of adherent mammalian cells in a large-scale microcarrier system (2006)

The production of vaccines using mammalian cell culture is a major application in biotechnology. As an example, we investigate a production process for influenza vaccines produced in adherently growing mammalian MDCK cells [Genzel et al., 2004]. The process consists of a cell growth phase with a duration about 96 h followed by a virus replication phase, which requires about 72 h. Typically, cell numbers and various metabolite concen-trations were determined. In addition, flow cytometry [Darzynkiewicz et al., 1997] was used to determine the cell cycle states 'G0/G1', 'S' and 'G2/M'. Also, oxygen uptake rates during the cell growth phase were monitored. Typically, local maxima in the oxygen uptake rates during cell growth could be observed. Ramirez et al., 1990 suggested that the specific oxygen uptake is a function of cell cycle. Therefore, we assume that the distance between these observed maxima in the oxygen uptake rate could be correlated with the duration of a complete cell cycle. Reported doubling times of MDCK cells are about 18 hours.\nHere, we present a strategy to determine the duration of cell cycle for adherent mammalian cells by on-line monitoring of the oxygen uptake rate. A simple mathematical model is used to describe the cellular growth kinetics based on flow cytometry data taking into account that elevated extracellular lactate levels increase the duration of mammalian cell cycle.\n\nDarzynkiewicz et al., 1997. DNA content measurement for DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis, in: Robinson, JP; Darzynkiewicz, Z; Dean, PN; Hibbs, RA; Orfao, A; Rabinovitch, PS; Whelless, LL (Eds.): Current protocols in cytometry, Wiley &amp; Sons, Unit 7.5\nGenzel et al., 2004. Metabolism of MDCK cells during cell growth and influenza virus production in large-scale microcarrier culture. Vaccine; 22(17-18), 2202-2208\nRamirez et al., 1990. Cell cycle- and growth phase-dependent variations in size distribution, antibody productivity, and oxygen demand in hybridoma cultures. Biotechn. Bioeng.; 36(8) 839-848
<scp>l</scp>-Galactose Metabolism in<i>Bacteroides vulgatus</i>from the Human Gut Microbiota (2014)

A previously unknown metabolic pathway for the utilization of l-galactose was discovered in a prevalent gut bacterium, Bacteroides vulgatus. The new pathway consists of three previously uncharacterized enzymes that were found to be responsible for the conversion of l-galactose to d-tagaturonate. Bvu0219 (l-galactose dehydrogenase) was determined to oxidize l-galactose to l-galactono-1,5-lactone with kcat and kcat/Km values of 21 s(-1) and 2.0 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. The kinetic product of Bvu0219 is rapidly converted nonenzymatically to the thermodynamically more stable l-galactono-1,4-lactone. Bvu0220 (l-galactono-1,5-lactonase) hydrolyzes both the kinetic and thermodynamic products of Bvu0219 to l-galactonate. However, l-galactono-1,5-lactone is estimated to be hydrolyzed 300-fold faster than its thermodynamically more stable counterpart, l-galactono-1,4-lactone. In the final step of this pathway, Bvu0222 (l-galactonate dehydrogenase) oxidizes l-galactonate to d-tagaturonate with kcat and kcat/Km values of 0.6 s(-1) and 1.7 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. In the reverse direction, d-tagaturonate is reduced to l-galactonate with values of kcat and kcat/Km of 90 s(-1) and 1.6 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. d-Tagaturonate is subsequently converted to d-glyceraldehyde and pyruvate through enzymes encoded within the degradation pathway for d-glucuronate and d-galacturonate.
Investigation of a Flux-Switching Machine With U-V-Array Permanent Magnet Arrangement for Traction Applications (2023)

This article investigates a flux-switching (FS) machine with U-V-array permanent magnet (PM) arrangement, termed UV-FSPM. The key design is to construct parallel magnetic circuit by adopting U-V-array PMs. Based on the parallel magnetic circuit, the operating principle of the UV-FSPM is illustrated. To provide a deeper insight into the torque enhancement mechanism, the analytical model of the UV-FSPM is built by using the general air-gap field modulation theory. It is found that the U-V-array PMs can significantly enhance the dominant working harmonic which effectively contributes to torque enhancement of the investigated UV-FSPM. To reveal the impact of key parameters on torque performances, the parametric optimization of the UV-FSPM is conducted. The electromagnetic performances of three FSPMs are comparatively studied by finite element analysis (FEA). It is proved that the investigated UV-FSPM exhibits the highest torque density and highest PM utilization ratio within the pool. Finally, a prototype of the UV-FSPM is fabricated and tested for verification of the investigated concepts.
Low-frequency time-domain characterization for fast and reliable evaluation of microwave transistor performance (2016)

In this paper, we introduce the use of the low-frequency characterization of electron devices as an accurate and economical way to fast gather consistent data about the electron device performance at microwaves in the evaluation phase of new components, technologies and processes.
Oxidative burst induced pseudosclerotium formation of<i>Morchella steppicola</i>Zerova on different malt agar media (2007)

Morchella steppicola Zerova mycelia was grown on modified MS (MSK) medium and on MSK medium containing different malt content. Starvation induced an enhanced pseudosclerotium formation in a given zone of the culture. The malondialdehyde content of the mycelium at the site of pseudosclerotium formation was related to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase activity was monitored in control and stressed vegetative hyphae subjected to malt withdrawal. In the formation zone of resting bodies, an enhanced oxidative burst was observed. The glucose and trehalose contents of M. steppicola mycelium during pseudosclerotium formation were also investigated. The glucose concentration of the mycelia approached a minimum during pseudosclerotium formation. At the same time, trehalose concentration reached a maximum in the zone of pseudosclerotium formation. The dry mass of mycelia in these zones was higher than average. The dry matter content of the pseudosclerotium-forming zones significantly exceeded the average of the whole culture. The correlation among trehalose accumulation, oxidative burst, and pseudosclerotium formation was clearly demonstrated.
Resting-State Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Functional MRI: A Paradigm Shift in Preoperative Brain Mapping (2015)

Currently, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) facilitates a preoperative awareness of an association of an eloquent region with a tumor. This information gives the neurosurgeon helpful information that can aid in creating a surgical strategy. Typically, task-based fMRI has been employed to preoperatively localize speech and motor function. Task-based fMRI depends on the patient's ability to comply with the task paradigm, which often is impaired in the setting of a brain tumor. This problem is overcome by using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) to localize function. rs-fMRI measures spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal, representing the brain's functional organization. In a neurosurgical context, it allows noninvasive simultaneous assessment of multiple large-scale distributed networks. Compared with task-related fMRI, rs-fMRI provides more comprehensive information on the functional architecture of the brain and is applicable in settings where task-related fMRI may provide inadequate information or could not be performed. Taken together, rs-fMRI substantially expands the preoperative mapping capability in efficiency, effectiveness, and scope. In this article, a brief introduction into rs-fMRI processing methods is followed by a detailed discussion on the role rs-fMRI plays in presurgical planning.
Temporal-Spatial Aggregation for Cache-Enabled Wireless Multicasting Networks with Asynchronous Content Requests (2017)

Existing multicasting schemes for massive content delivery do not fully utilize multicasting opportunities in delay tolerant content-oriented applications. In this paper, we propose a novel temporal-spatial aggregation-based multicasting scheme in a large-scale cache-enabled wireless network. The proposed scheme can efficiently exploit multicasting opportunities in asynchronous content requests to improve spectral efficiency. By making use of the delay tolerance of elastic services, the proposed scheme achieves a better energy-throughput-delay tradeoff. Utilizing tools from stochastic geometry, we derive a tractable expression for the successful transmission probability in the general region. Using asymptotic approximations, we derive closed form successful transmission probabilities in the large delay region as well as the large and small user density regions. The asymptotic results reveal that the successful transmission probability increases and the energy consumption decreases at the cost of delay increase in these asymptotic regions. The analysis in this paper provides a new understanding of the energy-throughput-delay tradeoff for massive content delivery in large-scale cache-enabled wireless networks.
A broadband, capacitive, surface-micromachined, omnidirectional microphone with more than 200 kHz bandwidth (2014)

A surface micromachined microphone is presented with 230 kHz bandwidth. The structure uses a 2.25 μm thick, 315 μm radius polysilicon diaphragm suspended above an 11 μm gap to form a variable parallel-plate capacitance. The back cavity of the microphone consists of the 11 μm thick air volume immediately behind the moving diaphragm and also an extended lateral cavity with a radius of 504 μm. The dynamic frequency response of the sensor in response to electrostatic signals is presented using laser Doppler vibrometry and indicates a system compliance of 0.4 nm/Pa in the flat-band of the response. The sensor is configured for acoustic signal detection using a charge amplifier, and signal-to-noise ratio measurements and simulations are presented. A resolution of 0.80 mPa/√Hz (32 dB sound pressure level in a 1 Hz bin) is achieved in the flat-band portion of the response extending from 10 kHz to 230 kHz. The proposed sensor design is motivated by defense and intelligence gathering applications that require broadband, airborne signal detection.
Resonance fluorescence imaging of CH in hydrocarbon flames using a polaroid filter to reject Rayleigh scattered light (1989)

Electronic imaging of laser induced fluorescence from a plane of laser light that intersects a reactive flow is becoming commonplace. Quite often, the fluorescence wavelength is longer than the laser excitation wavelength and hence the fluorescence is easily discriminated from the Rayleigh and Mie scattering, which is at the laser wavelength. In the case of resonance fluorescence, the fluorescence is sufficiently near the laser excitation wavelength that low fluorescent signals are obscured by Rayleigh and Mie scattering. However, recognizing that the fluorescence scattering is weakly polarized while the Rayleigh scattering light is strongly polarized suggests that a polaroid filter could improve the signal to noise by eliminating Rayleigh scattered light and passing half of the fluorescent scattered light. By rotating the polaroid filter, any amount of Rayleigh scattering and resonance fluorescence from CH as it occurs in the flame front of premixed methane flames.
New molecular barcodes of water mites (Trombidiformes: Hydrachnidiae) from the Toledo Harbor region of Western Lake Erie, USA, with first barcodes for<i>Krendowskia</i>(Krendowskiidae) and<i>Koenikea</i>(Unionicolidae) (2017)

Water mites are a highly diverse group of arachnids that are morphologically difficult to analyse and for which many species have yet to be described. Furthermore, the representation of Great Lakes water mites in cytochrome oxidase 1 gene (COI) DNA barcode databases has been reported to be practically nil. To help remedy this gap in taxonomic knowledge, water mites collected in 2012–2013 in benthic samples from the Toledo Harbor region (Maumee River and Maumee Bay) of Western Lake Erie were identified to genus, their COI barcodes amplified and sequenced, and their relationships in a neighbour-joining tree determined. Limnesia yielded a clade with multiple branches, part within 1% of previous GenBank sequences and others less than 95% similar. Barcodes of Krendowskia and Koenikea are the first for these genera in GenBank. This analysis contributes new molecular barcodes for water mites in the Laurentian Great Lakes including the first publicly available barcodes for two genera.
Modeling and simulation of blood flow in a sac-type left ventricular assist device. (2007)

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are among the most important mechanical artificial hearts in medical equipment industry. Since the need for heart transplantation is on the rise, there is a requirement for implantable LVADs, which can be safely used for long-term purposes. One of the most promising kinds of these devices is the sac-type LVAD (ST-LVAD) that has the ability to generate pulsatile flow. In this study and for the first time, three different models of ST-LVAD are analyzed numerically. In the first model, the motion of the elastic membrane wall is simplified, while in the second model, the motion is assumed to be wavy. The pressure boundary conditions are added to the second model to allocate for the effect of pressure on the flow pattern, and hence, form the third model. The simulation results of the analyzed models show that in this particular type of LVAD, the viscous term of the applied stress from the fluid on the moving wall is negligible, compared with the pressure term. Additionally, it can be concluded that the motion pattern of the moving wall does not affect the blood flow pattern in a great deal. Furthermore, the inclusion of the fluid pressure in the boundary conditions does not have a major influence on the blood flow pattern.
A new segment-based stereo matching using graph cuts (2010)

In the paper, we formulate a new energy function followed by the use of graph cuts to refine the disparity map which takes segment as node. Firstly, the robust disparity plane fitting is modeled and the method of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used to solve least square. In order to ensure reliable pixel sets for the segment, we filter out outliers through three main rules, namely; cross-checking, judging reliable area and measuring the distance between previous disparity to the computed disparity plane. Secondly, we apply improve hierarchical clustering algorithm to merge neighbor. Finally, the final disparity map is obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is effective in improving the state of the art.
Surface Fermi level in GaAsSb structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InP substrates (2008)

Photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy is performed to investigate the Fermi level pinning at the surface of GaAsSb, in a series of epitaxial structures with different Sb concentration. PR spectra exhibit Franz–Keldysh oscillations, originating from the built-in electric field in the GaAsSb layer. Experimental results indicate that the surface Fermi level is pinned in the lower half bandgap. The surface Fermi level is determined versus the Sb concentration between 38% and 52%.
What are the driving factors influencing the size distribution of airborne synthetic clay particles emitted from a jet milling process? (2016)

In the field of workplace air quality, measuring and analyzing the size distribution of airborne particles to identify their sources and apportion their contribution has become widely accepted, however, the driving factors that influence this parameter, particularly for nanoparticles (&lt; 100 nm), have not been thoroughly determined. Identification of driving factors, and in turn, general trends in size distribution of emitted particles would facilitate the prediction of nanoparticles' emission behavior and significantly contribute to their exposure assessment. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the particle number size distribution data, with a particular focus on the ultrafine size range of synthetic clay particles emitted from a jet milling machine was conducted using the multi-lognormal fitting method. The results showed relatively high contribution of nanoparticles to the emissions in many of the tested cases, and also, that both surface treatment and feed rate of the machine are significant factors influencing the size distribution of the emitted particles of this size. In particular, applying surface treatments and increasing the machine feed rate have the similar effect of reducing the size of the particles, however, no general trend was found in variations of size distribution across different surface treatments and feed rates. The findings of our study demonstrate that for this process and other activities, where no general trend is found in the size distribution of the emitted airborne particles due to dissimilar effects of the driving factors, each case must be treated separately in terms of workplace exposure assessment and regulations.
Heat Stress Triggers Differential Protein Accumulation in the Extracellular Matrix of Sorghum Cell Suspension Cultures (2020)

Plants reprogram gene expression as an adaptive response to survive high temperatures. While the identity and functions of intracellular heat stress-responsive proteins have been extensively studied, the heat response of proteins secreted to the extracellular matrix is unknown. Here, we used <i>Sorghum bicolor</i>, a species adapted for growth in hot climates, to investigate the extracellular heat-induced responses. When exposed to 40 C for 72 h, heat-sensitive Arabidopsis cell suspension cultures died, while ICSB338 sorghum cell cultures survived by activation of a transcriptional response characterized by the induction of <i>HSP70</i> and <i>HSP90</i> genes. Quantitative proteomic analysis of proteins recovered from cell culture medium revealed specific heat stress-induced protein accumulation within the sorghum secretome. Of the 265 secreted proteins identified, 31 responded to heat (2-fold change), with 84% possessing a predicted signal peptide for targeting to the classical secretory pathway. The differentially accumulated proteins have putative functions in metabolism, detoxification, and protein modifications. A germin (SORBI_3003G427700) was highly heat-inducible at both protein and gene level. Overall, our study reveals new insights into sorghum responses to heat and provides a useful resource of extracellular proteins that could serve as targets for developing thermotolerant crops. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021536.