gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV entry inhibitors and their potential in HIV therapy (2020)

This review discusses recent progress in the development of anti-HIV agents targeting the viral entry process. The three main classes (attachment inhibitors, co-receptor binding inhibitors, and fusion inhibitors) are further broken down by specific mechanism of action and structure. Many of these inhibitors are in advanced clinical trials, including the HIV maturation inhibitor bevirimat, from the authors’ laboratories. In addition, the CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc has recently been FDA-approved. Possible roles for these agents in anti-HIV therapy, including treatment of virus resistant to current drugs, are also discussed.
Performance Analysis of a Majority Logic Multiplex System (1980)

The code division multiplexing (CDM) of digitally modulated baseband signals is normally referred to as majority logic multiplexing (MLM). The employment of MLM techniques in spread spectrum multiple access (SSMA) systems is especially attractive because it allows many different types of baseband channels to be easily combined. The traffic level can be gradually reduced to obtain a desired increase in processing gain, without affecting the active channels' share of the transmitter power. The code integrity and the processing gain of the SSMA equipment can be preserved by suitable design. This paper contains a general performance analysis of an MLM system that uses random codes. The basic MLM principle is extended to handle the combining of traffic channels with different bit rates. Calculated values of performance deterioration due to noise are compared with experimental results and found to be m close agreement.
A Thymidine Phosphorylase-Stable Analogue of BVDU with Significant Antiviral Activity (2002)

(E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)isodideoxyuridine (BVisoDDU), synthesized on the basis of molecular modeling, is selectively active against HSV-1 (three different strains) but inactive against HSV-2. Unlike BVDU, BVisoDDU is completely resistant to cleavage by thymidine phosphorylase. BVisoDDU is also the first nucleoside analogue lacking OH groups at both the 2'- and 3'-position that shows pronounced activity against HSV-1 replication.
Algebraic Network Coding Approach to Deterministic Wireless Relay Networks (2010)

The deterministic wireless relay network model, introduced by Avestimehr et al., has been proposed for approximating Gaussian relay networks. This model, known as the ADT network model, takes into account the broadcast nature of wireless medium and interference. Avestimehr et al. showed that the Min-cut Max-flow theorem holds in the ADT network. In this paper, we show that the ADT network model can be described within the algebraic network coding framework introduced by Koetter and Medard. We prove that the ADT network problem can be captured by a single matrix, called the "system matrix". We show that the min-cut of an ADT network is the rank of the system matrix; thus, eliminating the need to optimize over exponential number of cuts between two nodes to compute the min-cut of an ADT network. We extend the capacity characterization for ADT networks to a more general set of connections. Our algebraic approach not only provides the Min-cut Max-flow theorem for a single unicast/multicast connection, but also extends to non-multicast connections such as multiple multicast, disjoint multicast, and two-level multicast. We also provide sufficiency conditions for achievability in ADT networks for any general connection set. In addition, we show that the random linear network coding, a randomized distributed algorithm for network code construction, achieves capacity for the connections listed above. Finally, we extend the ADT networks to those with random erasures and cycles (thus, allowing bi-directional links). Note that ADT network was proposed for approximating the wireless networks; however, ADT network is acyclic. Furthermore, ADT network does not model the stochastic nature of the wireless links. With our algebraic framework, we incorporate both cycles as well as random failures into ADT network model.
Rapid flattening of butterfly pitch angle distributions of radiation belt electrons by whistler‐mode chorus (2016)

Abstract Van Allen radiation belt electrons exhibit complex dynamics during geomagnetically active periods. Investigation of electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) can provide important information on the dominant physical mechanisms controlling radiation belt behaviors. Here we report a storm time radiation belt event where energetic electron PADs changed from butterfly distributions to normal or flattop distributions within several hours. Van Allen Probes observations showed that the flattening of butterfly PADs was closely related to the occurrence of whistler‐mode chorus waves. Two‐dimensional quasi‐linear STEERB simulations demonstrate that the observed chorus can resonantly accelerate the near‐equatorially trapped electrons and rapidly flatten the corresponding electron butterfly PADs. These results provide a new insight on how chorus waves affect the dynamic evolution of radiation belt electrons.
Lateral control of autonomous electric cars for relocation of public urban mobility fleet (2006)

This paper deals with lateral dynamic control of electric vehicles in a urban environment, motivated by individual public transportation issues, aimed to reduce metropolitan areas pollution. The framework in which the control strategy is developed is the so-called "Look-Down Reference", where the lateral displacement is obtained from a on board sensor, interacting with a road infrastructure. In this framework, the designed control algorithm is made up of three nested closed loops with cascade compensators, where the outer one is nonlinear. Results from experimental tests performed on an actual circuit show the effectiveness of the considered control strategy.
A sinister bias in hip socket wear: brief report (1989)

Rate of penetrationof left hip in mm/year
Dry Reactive H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>–Polymer Complexes for the Degradation of Mustard Gas (2020)

We report an all-solid dry complex oxidizing agent against sulfur mustard (HD) and its simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide. Polymer complexes of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) with hydrogen peroxide were utilized as solid forms of H2O2. Like traditional peroxide solutions, this solid complex is capable of detoxifying HD upon contact but without the requisite of having a buffer or cosolvent and is found to undergo the asymmetric oxidation of the sulfide toward the sulfoxide. Moreover, mixing the polymer complex with a peroxide activator such as a molybdate was found to enhance the oxidation rate. Finally, we assess the stability of the complex at higher temperatures, ensuring its effectiveness at extreme global surface temperatures.
Immunosuppressive role of extracellular vesicles: HLA-G, an important player (2017)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer membrane structures composed of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Their specific cargo is peculiar and derives from the cell of origin. They have been involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Regarding immune biology, EVs play an important role, as they may enhance or suppress the immune system (1).
Gene delivery to the hypoglossal motor system: preclinical studies and translational potential (2021)

Dysfunction and/or reduced activity in the tongue muscles contributes to conditions such as dysphagia, dysarthria, and sleep disordered breathing. Current treatments are often inadequate, and the tongue is a readily accessible target for therapeutic gene delivery. In this regard, gene therapy specifically targeting the tongue motor system offers two general strategies for treating lingual disorders. First, correcting tongue myofiber and/or hypoglossal (XII) motoneuron pathology in genetic neuromuscular disorders may be readily achieved by intralingual delivery of viral vectors. The retrograde movement of viral vectors such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) enables targeted distribution to XII motoneurons via intralingual viral delivery. Second, conditions with impaired or reduced tongue muscle activation can potentially be treated using viral-driven chemo- or optogenetic approaches to activate or inhibit XII motoneurons and/or tongue myofibers. Further considerations that are highly relevant to lingual gene therapy include (1) the diversity of the motoneurons which control the tongue, (2) the patterns of XII nerve branching, and (3) the complexity of tongue muscle anatomy and biomechanics. Preclinical studies show considerable promise for lingual directed gene therapy in neuromuscular disease, but the potential of such approaches is largely untapped.
Anthracycline based chemotherapy decreases amplification status of Her-2/neu and topoisomerase II alpha genes in locally advanced breast cancer (2004)

9521 Background: Coamplification of Her-2/neu (H) and topoisomerase II alpha (T), was associated with favorable local response to anthracycline-based therapy in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). We sought to determine weather administration of anthracyclines would affect status of H and T genes located on close but distinct amplicons of chromosome 17 (CH17). Methods: 122 previously untreated patients who had LABC and who had received neoadjuvant, anthracycline-based therapy were studied. Ratio of copy number of H or T versus CH17 was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization before and after chemotherapy. Results: There were 54.9/62.3% of patients without H or T amplification (H/CH17<1.5; T/CH17<1.2), 6.6/4.9% of women with borderline H or T amplification (H/CH17=1.5–2; T/CH17=1.2–2), and 38.5/23.8 % of patients who showed clear amplification of H or T (H/CH17>2; T/CH17>2). All of the tumors with T amplification also had H amplification, but not vice versa. Women with H but not T amplification had shorter EFS (P=0.0752 versus P=0.803). However, neither H nor T amplification was significantly associated with response to anthracycline based chemotherapy (P =0.405/0.306). Interestingly, tumors with H or T amplification significantly decreased amplification status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (H/CH17 -1.089±1.192, P<0.001 and T/CH17 -0.234±0.422, P=0.013). Moreover, decline in H/CH17 but not T/CH17 values, with cut-offs at -0.5/-0.2, was significantly associated with shorter EFS (P<0.001 versus P=0.835). Conclusions: Amplification of both Her-2/neu and topoisomerase II alpha was significantly reduced in response to anthracycline based chemotherapy. Furthermore, tumors with therapy-induced decrease in Her-2/neu amplification relapsed early. Our data provide plausible mechanism for diminished trastuzumab efficacy in anthracycline pretreated patients and provide molecular rationale for administration of trastuzumab as the first-line treatment in patients with Her-2/neu amplified LABC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Preliminary Design of a Calorimeter for Experimental Determination of Effective Absorptivity of Metal Substrates During Laser Powder Deposition (2005)

A thermal model of the laser powder deposition (LPD) process has been developed and tested. Results obtained from the model, however, are dependent upon the magnitude of the laser energy absorbed during the process. Although spectral absorptivities of metal surfaces are described in literature, during the LPD process, the powder increases the energy delivered to the substrate. There are no published data regarding this affect. Therefore, the SDSM&amp;T Additive Manufacturing Laboratory (AML) is developing a calorimeter to experimentally investigate the affect of the powder on laser energy absorption at the metal substrate. The preliminary design is described in this paper with discussion on measures being taken to increase the accuracy of experimental data.
Vidéosurveillance intelligente : ré-identification de personnes par signature utilisant des descripteurs de points d'intérêt collectés sur des séquences (2008)

National audience
Fast Timing Analysis of Plane Circuits via Two-Layer CNN-based Modeling (2006)

A fast timing analysis of plane circuits via two-layer CNN-based modeling, which is necessary for the solution of power/signal integrity problems in printed circuit boards and packages, is presented. Using the new notation expressed by the two-layer CNN, more than 1500 times faster simulation is achieved, compared with Berkeley SPICE (ngspice). In CNN community, CNNs are generally simulated by explicit numerical integration algorithms such as the forward Euler and Runge-Kutta methods. However, since the system of the two-layer CNN becomes stiff, we cannot analyze the CNN by using an explicit numerical integration algorithm. Hence, to analyze the two-layer CNN and reduce the computational cost, the leapfrog method is introduced in this paper. This procedure would open a CNN application up to electronic design automation area
Electrochemical Methods for Analysis of Hydroxide and Oxide Impurities in Li, Mg/Na, and Ca Based Molten Chloride Salts (2020)

Due to their highly hygroscopic nature, molten chloride salts are known to resist complete thermal dehydration, resulting in incomplete water removal prior to use in high temperature applications. At temperatures required to melt these salts, this can result in hydrolysis, leading to formation of oxides or hydroxides. Depending on application, these hydrolytic impurities can cause further adverse effects through the formation of insoluble oxides and oxychlorides. In this paper, previously published work is reviewed to discuss electrochemical methods used for identification and measurement of hydrolytic impurities in LiCl and CaCl 2 as well as their effect on electrolytic processes. Cyclic voltammetry shows that thermal dehydration of LiCl and CaCl 2 promotes LiOH and CaO formation, respectively. The presence of CaO in a CaCl 2 -CeCl 3 salt meant to emulate a typical actinide-chloride electrorefining salt causes insoluble Ce 2 O 3 and CeClO to form, reducing electrochemical signals as the active species is precipitated as an insoluble phase.
Video rate imaging of narrow band THz radiation based on frequency upconversion (2015)

We demonstrate video rate THz imaging by detecting a frequency upconverted signal with a CMOS camera. A fiber laser pumped, double resonant optical parametric oscillator generates THz pulses via difference frequency generation in a quasi-phasematched gallium arsenide (QPM-GaAs) crystal located inside the OPO cavity. The output produced THz pulses centered at 1.5 THz, with an average power up to 1 mW, a linewidth of 2 W. By mixing the THz pulses with a portion of the fiber laser pump (1064 nm) in a second QPM-GaAs crystal, distinct sidebands are observed at 1058 nm and 1070 nm, corresponding to sum and difference frequency generation of the pump pule with the THz pulse. By using a polarizer and long pass filter, the strong pump light can be removed, leaving a nearly background free signal at 1070 nm. For imaging, a Fourier imaging geometry is used, with the object illuminated by the THz beam located one focal length from the GaAs crystal. The spatial Fourier transform is upconverted with a large diameter pump beam, after which a second lens inverse transforms the upconverted spatial components, and the image is detected with a CMOS camera. We have obtained video rate images with spatial resolution of 1mm and field of view ca. 20 mm in diameter without any post processing of the data.
Progress toward the Synthesis of Sarain A (1995)

In this Account we describe our efforts over more than five years to find a synthetic route to saran A (1), a complex marine alkaloid. The basic synthetic plan (Scheme 1) calls for construction of the tricyclic ”core”, annulation of the saturated 13-membered ring, and finally, annulation of the unsaturated 14-membered ring. Synthesis of the core has almost been achieved, and a suitable route has been found to lactam 103, a model for the unsaturated 14-membered ring in sarain A.
Tratamiento de la hepatitis viral aguda c con interferón alfa 2b recombinante: Ensayo clínico (2000)

Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad del interferón en un grupo de 13 pacientes con hepatitis aguda por virus C. Se realizó el diagnóstico siguiendo criterios bioquímicos (alaninoaminotransferasa 2 veces por encima del valor normal), serológicos (presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis C) e histológicos. Se indicó tratamiento con interferón alfa 2b recombinante 3 000 000 UI por vía intramuscular 3 veces por semana por 13 sem. Se comprobó que el 53,8 % de los pacientes concluyeron el período de tratamiento con la alaninoaminotransferasa normal y que, al final del seguimiento, el 30,7 % tuvo una respuesta bioquímica mantenida; 4 enfermos (36,3 %) de los 11 que concluyeron el período de seguimiento tuvieron una histología normal en la biopsia hepática evolutiva y de ellos, 2 tuvieron una respuesta bioquímica mantenida, lo cual hace plantear la posibilidad que estuvieran curados. El interferón fue bien tolerado, sólo el 38,5 % de los enfermos presentó manifestaciones secundarias de toxicidad. Predominó la cefalea, la fiebre, las mialgias y las artralgias. Se concluyó que debe utilizarse el interferón en pacientes con hepatitis aguda C, en protocolos de extensión, que permitirán en un futuro la generalización de este tratamiento.<br>A clinical trial was carried out aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of interferon in a group of 13 patients with acute hepatitis C. The diagnosis was made according to biochemical criteria (alanine aminotransferase 2 ti-mes the normal value), serological criteria (presence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies) and histological criteria. Treatment with recombinant interferon alfa 2b 3 000 000 IU/ml inj. was indicated 3 times a week during 13 weeks. It was proved that 53.8 % finished the period of treatment with normal alanine aminotransferase and that at the end of the follow-up 30.7 % had a mantained biochemical response. 4 patients (36.3 %) of the 11 that concluded the follow-up had a normal histology in the evolutive hepatic biopsy and of them 2 had a mantained biochemical response, which made us think they were cured. Interferon was well tolerated and only 38.5 % of the patients showed secondary manifestations of toxicity. It was observed a predominance of cephalalgia, fever, myalgias and arthralgias. It was concluded that interferon should be used in patients with acute hepatitis C in extension protocols that will allow the generalization of this treatment in the future.
Reduction of oxygen catalyzed by nickel diphosphine complexes with positioned pendant amines (2010)

Nickel(II) bis(diphosphine) complexes that contain positioned bases in the second coordination sphere have been found to catalyze the reduction of O(2) with H(2) to selectively form water. The complexes also serve as electrocatalysts for the reduction of O(2) with the addition of a weak acid. In contrast, a closely related nickel diphosphine complex without the positioned bases is catalytically inactive for O(2) reduction. These results indicate that pendant bases in synthetic catalysts for O(2) reduction can play a similar role to proton relays in enzymes, and that such relays should be considered in the design of catalysts for multi-electron and multi-proton reactions.
Motor unit forces and recruitment patterns after cervical spinal cord injury (1997)

Force was measured from triceps brachii motor units in individuals with chronic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and in able-bodied (A-B) control subjects using spike-triggered averaging (175 and 48 units, respectively). Eleven percent of units from the SCI population generated normal electromyograms (EMGs) but exerted no measurable force, 65% generated force comparable to the control data, while 24% were stronger than usual. Weak units probably reflect disuse. Muscle shortening, densely innervated territories, and polyphasic EMG potentials suggested strong units resulted from intact axons sprouting to reinnervate denervated muscle. Many units from SCI subjects had faster than normal contraction times (CTs). The force and CT distributions from the SCI and A-B populations differed significantly. Motor units of SCI subjects were recruited in order of increasing force output and increasing contraction time. Chronic cervical SCI therefore seems to alter the expected triceps brachii motor unit force-speed relations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve, 20, 212–220, 1997.
All-optical pattern recognition for digital real-time information processing (2003)

To recognize digital streams of digital data, all-optical and passive techniques able to discriminate optical bit words in real time are presented. Discrimination capability of different correlators, both in free space architectures and in delay lines structures, is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. Experimental performances in word recognition are shown in the case of a volume holographic correlator, in the case of a lithographic phase-only-filter correlator, and in the case of a novel coherent delay lines correlator operating at the wavelength 1550 nm and at the bit rate of 2.5 Gbit/s.
What's Real About Augmented Reality? [Guest editor's introduction] (2012)

The evolution of augmented reality over the course of nearly 50 years has finally made it possible to use this technology in our daily lives.
Development and validation of a quantitative, non-invasive, highly sensitive and specific, electrochemical assay for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in saliva (2021)

Amperial™ is a novel assay platform that uses immobilized antigen in a conducting polymer gel followed by detection via electrochemical measurement of oxidation-reduction reaction between H2O2/Tetrametylbenzidine and peroxidase enzyme in a completed assay complex. A highly specific and sensitive assay was developed to quantify levels of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. After establishing linearity and limit of detection we established a reference range of 5 standard deviations above the mean. There were no false positives in 667 consecutive saliva samples obtained prior to 2019. Saliva was obtained from 34 patients who had recovered from documented COVID-19 or had documented positive serologies. All of the patients with symptoms severe enough to seek medical attention had positive antibody tests and 88% overall had positive results. We obtained blinded paired saliva and plasma samples from 14 individuals. The plasma was analyzed using an EUA-FDA cleared ELISA kit and the saliva was analyzed by our Amperial™ assay. All 5 samples with negative plasma titers were negative in saliva testing. Eight of the 9 positive plasma samples were positive in saliva and 1 had borderline results. A CLIA validation was performed as a laboratory developed test in a high complexity laboratory. A quantitative non-invasive saliva based SARS-CoV-2 antibody test was developed and validated with sufficient specificity to be useful for population-based monitoring and monitoring of individuals following vaccination.