gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host−Guest Interactions between Molecular Clips and Multistate Systems Based on Flavylium Salts (2009)

Flavylium salts contain the basic structure and show a pH-dependent sequence of reactions identical to natural anthocyanins, which are responsible for most of the red and blue colors of flowers and fruits. In this work we investigated the effect of the water-soluble molecular clips C1 and C2 substituted by hydrogen phosphate or sulfate groups on the stability and reactions of the flavylium salts 1-4 by the use of UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy as well as of the time-resolved pH jump and flash photolysis methods. Clip C1 forms highly stable host-guest complexes with the flavylium salts 1 and 2 and the quinoidal base 3A in methanol. The binding constants were determined by fluorometric titration to be log K = 4.1, 4.7, and 5.6, respectively. Large complexation-induced (1)H NMR shifts of guest signals, Delta delta(max), indicate that in the case of the flavylium salts 1 and 2 the pyrylium ring and in the case of the quinoidal base 3A the o-hydroxyquinone ring are preferentially bound inside the clip cavity. Due to the poor solubility of these host-guest complexes in water, the association constants could be only determined in highly diluted aqueous solution by UV-vis titration experiments for the complex formation of clip C1 with the flavylium salt 3AH(+) at pH = 2 and the quinoidal base 3A at pH = 5.3 to be log K = 4.9 for both complexes. Similar results were obtained for the formation of the complexes of the sulfate-substituted clip C2 with flavylium salt 4AH(+) and its quinoidal base 4A which are slightly better soluble in water (log K = 4.3 and 4.0, respectively). According to the kinetic analysis (performed by using the methods mentioned above) the thermally induced trans-cis chalcone isomerization (4Ct --> 4Cc) and the H(2)O addition to flavylium cation 4AH(+) followed by H(+) elimination leading to hemiketal 4B are both retarded in the presence of clip C2, whereas the photochemically induced trans-cis isomerization (4Ct --> 4Cc) is not affected by clip C2. The results presented here are explained with dominating hydrophobic interactions between the molecular clips and the flavylium guest molecules. The other potential interactions (ion-ion, cation-pi, pi-pi, and CH-pi), which certainly determine the structures of these host-guest complexes to a large extent, seem to be of minor importance for their stability.
Stimulatory role of nectin‐4 and <scp>p95‐ErbB2</scp> in multilayered <scp>T47D</scp> cell proliferation (2022)

Multilayered proliferation in an adherent culture as well as proliferation in a suspension culture is a characteristic feature of cancer cells. We previously showed using T47D human mammary cancer cells that nectin-4, upregulated in many cancer cells, cis-interacts with ErbB2 and its trastuzumab-resistant splice variants, p95-ErbB2 and ErbB2ΔEx16, and enhances DNA synthesis mainly through the PI3K-AKT pathway in an adherent culture. We showed here that only the combination of nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2, but not that of nectin-4 and ErbB2 or that of nectin-4 and ErbB2ΔEx16, cooperatively enhanced multilayered T47D cell proliferation through the Hippo pathway-mediated SOX2 gene expression in an adherent culture. T47D cells expressed the components of the apical junctional complex (AJC) consisting of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions and cell polarity molecules, but not the AJ component afadin. The AJC and apicobasal polarity were disorganized in T47D cells in a monolayer and T47D cells stably expressing both nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 in multilayers. These results indicate that nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 play a stimulatory role in multilayered proliferation in an adherent culture.
Ultrasensitive optical detection of hydrogen peroxide by triggered activation of horseradish peroxidase (2010)

Hydrogen peroxide is a very reactive byproduct of many metabolic pathways. We describe an ultra-sensitive colorimetric method to detect hydrogen peroxide based on the reconstitution of apo-horseradish peroxidase with the hemin derivative, hemin di(N,N'-acetyl-hydrazide). Oxidation of the latter by hydrogen peroxide yields hemin, which is able to reconstitute apo-horseradish peroxidase, forming an active peroxidase. We have also applied this analyte-triggered reconstitution of horseradish peroxidase to detect the activity of the enzyme glucose oxidase.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Chiral Acetals from Carbonyl Compounds and Chiral Diols: Sequential One‐Pot Asymmetric Silylcyanation Reaction Catalyzed by Scandium(III) Triflate. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ACCE: Automatic correction of control-flow errors (2007)

Detection of control-flow errors at the software level has been studied extensively in the literature. However, there has not been any published work that attempts to correct these errors. Low-cost correction of CFEs is important for real-time systems where checkpointing is too expensive or impossible. This paper presents automatic correction of control-flow errors (ACCE), an efficient error correction algorithm involving addition of redundant code to the program. ACCE has been implemented by modifying GCC, a widely used C compiler, and performance measurements show that the overhead is very low. Fault injection experiments on SPEC and MiBench benchmark programs compiled with ACCE show that the correct output is produced with high probability and that CFEs are corrected with a latency of a few hundred instructions.
Mathematical modeling of coal conversion processes with application to atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (1990)

The main goal of the present thesis is to develop mathematical models for coal conversion processes, to improve the understanding of the underlying physical processes and to support the experimental work in the fieId. Therefore, emphasis is given on developing analytical descriptions for variables involved with conversion of solid particlesin a gas. The analytical solutions are applied to describe a number of particle conversion processes which are of interest to a fluidized bed combustor: i.e. char combustion, NOx-char reduction and sulfation of limestone particles. The solutions are implemented in an overall reactor model of a fluidized bed combustor thus enabling the assessment of the overall process parameters on the basis of coal properties established by micro-scale experiments.
An <i>Ex-Vivo</i> Evaluation of the Application and Strength of a Novel Laparoscopic Knot Substitute Device (2009)

The tensile strengths of traditional knot-tying techniques were greater than that of any knot substitute device. The ANPA Suturelock provided the greatest tensile strength of any knot substitute. The time to secure a knot using the ANPA device was also significantly quicker than tying a standard surgeon's knot.
Transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (2004)

1. Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have a 8 to 12% risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). 2. Cytologic techniques for aneuploidy such as digital image analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization increase the detection rate for CCA. 3. Survival following resection for CCA is 20% to 40% at 5 years. 4. Survival following liver transplantation for unresectable, perihilar CCAs, mass lesion if present <3 cm, is greater than 80% at 5 years. 5. Patients with intrahepatic CCAs are not eligible for liver transplantation.
Molecular Fingerprinting with Long-Wave Infrared Frequency Combs (2017)

We demonstrate the generation of broadband (6—12 μm) long-wave infrared frequency combs via intra-pulse difference-frequency generation in orientation-patterned gallium phosphide and use the source to perform dual-comb spectroscopy on methanol.
Tool and Information Centric Design Process Modeling (2011)

A new design process modeling approach focused on the information flow through design tools is discussed in this chapter. This approach is applied to three long term mechanical engineering design projects spanning 24 months, 12 months, and 4 months. These projects are used to explore the development of the new modeling approach. This is a first step in a broader effort in 1) modeling of design processes, 2) establishing case study research as a formal approach to design research, and 3) developing new design process tools. The ability of engineers to understand the dynamic nature of information throughout the design processes is critical to their ability to complete these tasks. Such understanding promotes learning and further exploration of the design process allowing the improvement of process models, the establishment of new research approaches, and the development of new tools. Thus, enhancing this understanding is the goal of this research effort.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
<i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> Induces Macrophage Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo (2002)

In this study, we compared the apoptotic activities of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus toward macrophages in vitro and in vivo. The clinical isolates induced apoptosis in macrophage-like cells in vitro and in macrophages in vivo. This suggests that macrophage apoptosis may be important for the clinical virulence of V. vulnificus.
Micromachined magnetohydrodynamic actuators and sensors (2023)

A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) micropump and microsensor which utilizes micromachining to integrate the electrodes with microchannels and includes a magnet for producing magnetic fields perpendicular to both the electrical current direction and the fluid flow direction. The magnet can also be micromachined and integrated with the micropump using existing technology. The MHD micropump, for example, can generate continuous, reversible flow, with readily controllable flow rates. The flow can be reversed by either reversing the electrical current flow or reversing the magnetic field. By mismatching the electrodes, a swirling vortex flow can be generated for potential mixing applications. No moving parts are necessary and the dead volume is minimal. The micropumps can be placed at any position in a fluidic circuit and a combination of micropumps can generate fluidic plugs and valves.
Enhancement of switching stability of tunneling magnetoresistance systems with artificial ferrimagnets (2002)

In the study of spin dependent magnetic tunneling junctions, the switching stability of the magnetically hard layer is a crucial issue for long-term use in magnetic random access memory. After N switching cycles of the soft layer, the hard layer would be demagnetized due to the stray field from the domain wall created during switching of the soft layer. Therefore, reducing the stray field from the soft layer is the way to increase switching stability. In this study, we propose a structure which replaces the usual soft layer (typically permalloy, Fe, or Co) with an artificial ferrimagnet to reduce the stray field. The artificial ferrimagnet consists of a trilayer with an interlayer that antiferromagnetically couples two ferromagnetic layers of unequal thickness. The total stray field from the artificial ferrimagnet structure can be approximated as the sum of the stray fields from the two ferromagnetic layers. Since the sign of the stray field of the two layers is opposite, due to antiferromagnetic coupling, the total stray field is reduced due to cancellation. Since the magnitude of the stray field depends on the magnetic properties and the thickness of each layer and the distance from the magnetic layer, we can tailor the two magnetic layers of the artificial ferrimagnet structure to minimize the total stray field.
The Evolution of SNAP-Tag Labels (2023)

The conjugation of proteins with synthetic molecules can be conducted in many different ways. In this Perspective, we focus on tag-based techniques and specifically on the SNAP-tag technology. The SNAP-tag technology makes use of a fusion protein between a protein of interest and an enzyme tag that enables the actual conjugation reaction. The SNAP-tag is based on the <i>O</i><sup><i>6</i></sup>-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) enzyme and is optimized to react selectively with <i>O</i><sup><i>6</i></sup>-benzylguanine (BG) substrates. BG-containing dye derivatives have frequently been used to introduce a fluorescent tag to a specific protein. We believe that the site-specific conjugation of polymers to proteins can significantly benefit from the SNAP-tag technology. Especially, polymers synthesized via reversible deactivation radical polymerization allow for the facile introduction of a BG end group to enable SNAP-tag conjugation.
Roboterassistierte minimalinvasive Lobektomie mit systematischer Lymphadenektomie zur Behandlung des Bronchialkarzinoms (2015)

Robot-assisted minimal invasive lobectomy is feasible with special regard to oncological and technical aspects. Especially the intrathoracic precise dissection of the tissue under a perfect view allow a comfortable and safe operation technique.
3D Accordion Spectroscopy for Measuring15N and13CO Relaxation Rates in Poorly Resolved NMR Spectra (1998)

An experimental approach for the measurement of nuclear magnetic spin relaxation rate constants that combines triple-resonance techniques and accordion spectroscopy is described. Pulse sequences are discussed for the measurement of backbone 15N and 13CO R1 relaxation rate constants. The three-dimensional HNCO triple-resonance technique is employed to gain improved spectral resolution over conventional two-dimensional methods by frequency labeling both the 15N and 13CO spins. Accordion spectroscopy is used to reduce the dimensionality of the relaxation experiment. The "negative-time accordion" approach (A. M. Mandel and A. G. Palmer (1994), J. Magn. Reson. A 110, 62-72) is used for extracting rate constants from the t1 interferograms. The experiments are demonstrated using a 13C/15N isotopically enriched sample of the third fibronectin type III domain of human tenascin.
Models Evaluations of Combustion Process in a Cylindrical Furnace (2001)

Abstract In this work an evaluation of different combustion models for predicting oxygen enriched combustion processes was performed. Two types of models were selected. The first one was a generalized finite rate model, in which the conservation equation for the mass concentration was solved, for all species present in the process. In this modeling approach, three different reaction rate expressions were considered. The second case was based on the PDF formulation, which consisted in solving the conservation equations for the mass fraction and its variance. In this second approach the species distributions were determined by assuming two different shapes for the probability density functions. The mass, momentum, energy and species or mass fraction conservation equations were numerically solved by a finite volume formulation. The two-equation κ-ε turbulence model was selected for solving the turbulent problem. Radiation was taken into account by the discrete transfer radiation model. After solution, the temperature and species concentration fields were compared with available experimental data. Although the PDF formulation involved the solution of a smaller number of equations, therefore consuming less computer time, the performance of the generalized finite rate model was superior in the present test cases.
Eye Vessel Compliance as a Function of Intraocular and Arterial Pressure and Eye Compliance (2012)

The eye vascular compliance can be predicted using the IOP, arterial pressure, and OC of the eyeball.
Time-Domain Transmit Beamforming for MIMO-OFDM Systems with Finite Rate Feedback (2009)

Transmit beamforming (BF) and receive combining are simple and popular methods for performance enhancement in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. In this paper, we propose a novel single-data stream, time-domain BF (TD-BF) scheme for MIMO-OFDM systems which uses cyclic BF filters (C- BFFs). Assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, the C-BFFs are optimized for two different criteria, namely, maximum average mutual information (AMI) per sub-carrier and minimum average uncoded bit error rate (BER). If the C-BFF length <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L<sub>g</sub></i> is equal to the number of sub-carriers N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ,closed-form solutions to both optimization problems exist. For the practically relevant case <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L<sub>g</sub> &lt; N<sub>c</sub></i> we present numerical methods for calculation of the optimum C-BFFs for both criteria. Using a global vector quantization (GVQ) approach the C-BFFs are quantized for practical finite-rate feedback channels. Simulation results for typical IEEE 802.11 n channels confirm the excellent performance of the proposed scheme and show that TD-BF has a more favorable performance/feedback rate trade-off than previously proposed frequency-domain BF (FD-BF) schemes.
Surface damage on diamond membranes fabricated by ion implantation and lift-off (2011)

Thin membranes with excellent optical properties are essential elements in diamond based photonic systems. Due to the chemical inertness of diamond, ion beam processing must be employed to carve photonic structures. One method to realize such membranes is ion-implantation graphitization followed by chemical removal of the sacrificial graphite. The interface revealed when the sacrificial layer is removed has interesting properties. To investigate this interface, we employed the surface sensitive technique of grazing angle channeled Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Even after high temperature annealing and chemical etching a thin layer of damaged diamond remains, however, it is removed by hydrogen plasma exposure.
Insights into the Control of Drug Release from Complex Immediate Release Formulations (2021)

The kinetics of water transport into tablets, and how it can be controlled by the formulation as well as the tablet microstructure, are of central importance in order to design and control the dissolution and drug release process, especially for immediate release tablets. This research employed terahertz pulsed imaging to measure the process of water penetrating through tablets using a flow cell. Tablets were prepared over a range of porosity between 10% to 20%. The formulations consist of two drugs (MK-8408: ruzasvir as a spray dried intermediate, and MK-3682: uprifosbuvir as a crystalline drug substance) and NaCl (0% to 20%) at varying levels of concentrations as well as other excipients. A power-law model is found to fit the liquid penetration exceptionally well (average R2>0.995). For each formulation, the rate of water penetration, extent of swelling and the USP dissolution rate were compared. A factorial analysis then revealed that the tablet porosity was the dominating factor for both liquid penetration and dissolution. NaCl more significantly influenced liquid penetration due to osmotic driving force as well as gelling suppression, but there appears to be little difference when NaCl loading in the formulation increases from 5% to 10%. The level of spray dried intermediate was observed to further limit the release of API in dissolution.
OPERATION OF A STEP FEED BNR PROCESS FOR BOTH BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN REMOVAL (2005)

OPERATION OF A STEP FEED BNR PROCESS FOR BOTH BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN REMOVALA Step Feed Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) system was operated under full design load conditions. The process proved capable of meeting ammonia toxicity limits and reducing total nitrogen to an effluent concentration of 5 mg/L. Through some simple modifications, the system also proved capable of biological phosphorus removal. The most effective modification was to limit the nitrate returned to...Author(s)Michael McGrathKailash GuptaGlen T. DaiggerSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 13: Facility Operations Including Lab Practices: Total Nutrient Removal ProcessesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:15L.1135;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783869655Volume / Issue2005 / 15Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)1135 - 1150Copyright2005Word count156
Impaired platelet activation and cAMP homeostasis in MRP4-deficient mice (2015)

Molecules that reduce the level of cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in the platelet cytosol, such as adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) secreted from dense granules, trigger platelet activation. Therefore, any change in the distribution and/or availability of cyclic nucleotides or ADP may interfere with platelet reactivity. In this study, we evaluated the role of multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4, or ABCC4), a nucleotide transporter, in platelet functions in vivo and in vitro by investigating MRP4-deficient mice. MRP4 deletion resulted in a slight increase in platelet count but had no impact on platelet ultrastructure. In MRP4-deficient mice, the arterial occlusion was delayed and the tail bleeding time was prolonged. In a model of platelet depletion and transfusion mimicking a platelet-specific knockout, mice injected with MRP4(-/-) platelets also showed a significant increase in blood loss compared with mice injected with wild-type platelets. Defective thrombus formation and platelet activation were confirmed in vitro by studying platelet adhesion to collagen in flow conditions, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, washed platelet secretion, and aggregation induced by low concentrations of proteinase-activated receptor 4-activating peptide, U46619, or ADP. We found no role of MRP4 in ADP dense-granule storage, but MRP4 redistributed cAMP from the cytosol to dense granules, as confirmed by increased vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation in MRP4-deficient platelets. These data suggest that MRP4 promotes platelet aggregation by modulating the cAMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway, suggesting that MRP4 might serve as a target for novel antiplatelet agents.
Next‐generation global satellite system with mega‐constellations (2020)

Summary Mega satellite constellations in low earth orbit (LEO) will provide complete global coverage; rapidly enhance overall capacity, even for unserved areas; and improve the quality of service (QoS) possible with lower signal propagation delays. Complemented by medium earth orbit (MEO) and geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites and terrestrial network components under a hybrid communications architecture, these constellations will enable universal 5G service across the world while supporting diverse 5G use cases. With an unobstructed line‐of‐sight visibility of approximately 3 min, a typical LEO satellite requires efficient user terminal (UT), satellite, gateway, and intersatellite link handovers. A comprehensive mobility design for mega‐constellations involves cost‐effective space and ground phased‐array antennas for responsive and seamless tracking. An end‐to‐end multilayer protocol architecture spanning space and terrestrial technologies can be used to analyze and ensure QoS and mobility. A scalable routing and traffic engineering design based on software‐defined networking adequately handles continuous variability in network topology, differentiated user demands, and traffic transport in both temporal and spatial dimensions. The space‐based networks involving mega‐constellations will be better integrated with their terrestrial counterparts by fully leveraging the multilayer 5G framework, which is the foundational feature of our hybrid architecture.