gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-Supervised Mixture-of-Experts Classification (2005)

We introduce a mixture-of-experts technique that is a generalization of mixture modeling techniques previously suggested for semi-supervised learning. We apply the bias-variance decomposition to semi-supervised classification and use the decomposition to study the effects from adding unlabeled data when learning a mixture model. Our empirical results indicate that the biggest gain from adding unlabeled data comes from the reduction of the model variance, whereas the behavior of the bias error term heavily depends on the correctness of the underlying model assumptions.
Photodetectors and photodetector arrays for optical processing (1992)

Photodetector arrays and architectures for optical processing, including acousto-optical (AO) signal processing applications such as spectrum analysis, for which the demands on photodetector arrays are substantially greater than for typical image sensing applications, are discussed. Critical parameters of AO photodetector arrays such as high dynamic range, high sensitivity, high speed, and low crosstalk are noted. The current status of and future needs for detector arrays for AO signal processing are presented. Nonconventional detector structures and concepts that have potential for future AO optical signal processing use are noted.
Endothelin receptor B, a candidate gene from human studies at high altitude, improves cardiac tolerance to hypoxia in genetically engineered heterozygote mice (2015)

To better understand human adaptation to stress, and in particular to hypoxia, we took advantage of one of nature's experiments at high altitude (HA) and studied Ethiopians, a population that is well-adapted to HA hypoxic stress. Using whole-genome sequencing, we discovered that EDNRB (Endothelin receptor type B) is a candidate gene involved in HA adaptation. To test whether EDNRB plays a critical role in hypoxia tolerance and adaptation, we generated EdnrB knockout mice and found that when EdnrB (-/+) heterozygote mice are treated with lower levels of oxygen (O2), they tolerate various levels of hypoxia (even extreme hypoxia, e.g., 5% O2) very well. For example, they maintain ejection fraction, cardiac contractility, and cardiac output in severe hypoxia. Furthermore, O2 delivery to vital organs was significantly higher and blood lactate was lower in EdnrB (-/+) compared with wild type in hypoxia. Tissue hypoxia in brain, heart, and kidney was lower in EdnrB (-/+) mice as well. These data demonstrate that a lower level of EDNRB significantly improves cardiac performance and tissue perfusion under various levels of hypoxia. Transcriptomic profiling of left ventricles revealed three specific genes [natriuretic peptide type A (Nppa), sarcolipin (Sln), and myosin light polypeptide 4 (Myl4)] that were oppositely expressed (q < 0.05) between EdnrB (-/+) and wild type. Functions related to these gene networks were consistent with a better cardiac contractility and performance. We conclude that EDNRB plays a key role in hypoxia tolerance and that a lower level of EDNRB contributes, at least in part, to HA adaptation in humans.
Time-Domain Filtering of Two-Dimensional Fluorescence Data (1986)

Four time-domain filtering methods are applied to simulated and experimental two-dimensional fluorescence data in order to evaluate their performance. The methods that were evaluated are (1) moving average, (2) Savitsky-Golay polynomial smoothing, (3) Chebyshev filtering, and (4) bicubic spline filtering. The methods are compared with the use of mean square error analysis and the difference in the amplitudes of the filtered noisy and ideal data. The two-dimensional version of the Savitzky-Golay filtering and the spline method produced the best overall results.
Genetics of Pancreatic Cancer (1998)

Cancer of the pancreas is a genetic disease. Sporadic cancers of the pancreas are frequently associated with the activation of an oncogene, K-ras, and the inactivation of multiple tumor suppressor genes, including p53, DPC4, p16, and BRCA2. An improved understanding of the genetics of pancreas cancer should lead to new tests to screen for this disease and novel rational gene-based therapies.
Impact of Instrument Response Variations on Health Physics Measurements (1985)

Uncertainties in estimating the potential health impact of a given radiation exposure include instrument measurement error in determining exposure and difficulty in relating this exposure to an effective dose value. Instrument error can be due to design or manufacturing deficiencies, limitations of the sensing element used, and calibration and maintenance of the instrument. This paper evaluates the errors which can be introduced by design deficiencies and limitations of the sensing element for a wide variety of commonly used survey instruments. The results indicate little difference among sensing element choice for general survey work, with variations among specific instrument designs being the major factor. Ion chamber instruments tend to be the best for all around use, while scintillator-based units should not be used where accurate measurements are required. The need to properly calibrate and maintain an instrument appears to be the most important factor in instrument accuracy.
Interferometer for co-operating target motion detection (2014)

A correlation interferometer working with a cooperation target operating at 2.2GHz center frequency is presented. This simplified interferometer presented here uses a lock-in amplifier to significantly increase system sensitivity when used in conjunction with a co-operating target signaling using amplitude modulation. The system is verified by detecting the angular velocity of passing tagged target. Experimental results show detectable range up over 110 meters in a multipath environment using a 10dBm EIRP tag.
Phenotypical Screening on Neuronal Plasticity in Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortex Connectivity Reveals an Antipsychotic with a Novel Profile (2022)

Dysfunction in the hippocampus-prefrontal cortex (H-PFC) circuit is a critical determinant of schizophrenia. Screening of pyridazinone-risperidone hybrids on this circuit revealed EGIS 11150 (S 36549). EGIS 11150 induced theta rhythm in hippocampal slice preparations in the stratum lacunosum molecular area of CA1, which was resistant to atropine and prazosin. EGIS 11150 enhanced H-PFC coherence, and increased the 8−9 Hz theta band of the EEG power spectrum (from 0.002 mg/kg i.p, at >30× lower doses than clozapine, and >100× for olanzapine, risperidone, or haloperidol). EGIS 11150 fully blocked the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) or ketamine on EEG. Inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) in H-PFC was blocked by platform stress, but was fully restored by EGIS 11150 (0.01 mg/kg i.p.), whereas clozapine (0.3 mg/kg ip) only partially restored LTP. EGIS 11150 has a unique electrophysiological profile, so phenotypical screening on H-PFC connectivity can reveal novel antipsychotics.
Revisited Synthesis of Aryl-H-phosphinates (2011)

International audience
Early Computational Detection of Potential High Risk SARS-CoV-2 Variants (2021)

Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is leading to the discovery of hundreds of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants on a daily basis. While most variants do not impact the course of the pandemic, some variants pose a significantly increased risk when the acquired mutations allow better evasion of antibody neutralisation in previously infected or vaccinated subjects or increased transmissibility. Early detection of such high risk variants (HRVs) is paramount for the proper management of the pandemic. However, experimental assays to determine immune evasion and transmissibility characteristics of new variants are resource-intensive and time-consuming, potentially leading to delays in appropriate responses by decision makers. Here we present a novel in silico approach combining spike (S) protein structure modelling and large protein transformer language models on S protein sequences to accurately rank SARS-CoV-2 variants for immune escape and fitness potential. These metrics can be combined into an automated Early Warning System (EWS) capable of evaluating new variants in minutes and risk-monitoring variant lineages in near real-time. The system accurately pinpoints the putatively dangerous variants by selecting on average less than 0.3% of the novel variants each week. With only the S protein nucleotide sequence as input, the EWS detects HRVs earlier and with better precision than baseline metrics such as the growth metric (which requires real-world observations) or random sampling. Notably, Omicron BA.1 was flagged by the EWS on the day its sequence was made available. Additionally, our immune escape and fitness metrics were experimentally validated using in vitro pseudovirus-based virus neutralisation test (pVNT) assays and binding assays. The EWS flagged as potentially dangerous all 16 variants (Alpha-Omicron BA.1/2/4/5) designated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) with an average lead time of more than one and a half months ahead of them being designated as such. One-Sentence Summary A COVID-19 Early Warning System combining structural modelling with machine learning to detect and monitor high risk SARS-CoV-2 variants, identifying all 16 WHO designated variants on average more than one and a half months in advance by selecting on average less than 0.3% of the weekly novel variants.
Structural Comparison of Murine Ia Antigens Determined by the <i>I-A</i> and <i>I-E</i> Subregions (1979)

Abstract After nonionic detergent solubilization, the Ia molecules determined by the I-A subregion are distributed between a covalently linked “58K” structure composed of one α chain (35,000 daltons) and one β chain (25,000 daltons) separable by treatment with SDS and mercaptoethanol, and a form in which α and β chains are separable by treatment with SDS alone (α, β form). In contrast, the Ia molecules determined by the I-E subregion have α and β chains that are not covalently linked, and can be entirely separated by SDS-PAGE under rigorous (100°C) dissociating conditions without reducing agent. Milder dissociating conditions (37°C) permitted observation of a noncovalently linked 58K form for I-E molecules. Therefore, in their native state, both I-A and I-E molecules probably are composed of associated α and β chains. Iodoacetamide treatment of intact cells before detergent solubilization decreased the fraction of I-A molecules in the covalently linked 58K form. This finding probably means that the covalent linkage is an artifact of solubilization, but because it is restricted to I-A molecules, there still must be an underlying structural difference between I-A and I-E molecules. Selective destruction by iodoacetamide of the antigenic activity of the 58K form of I-A molecules could also account for the loss in 58K form, but only if there is an iodoacetamidesensitive antigenic and/or structural difference between I-A molecules in the 58K and α, β form. We compared these two forms by isoelectric focusing, but found no clear differences between them.
Cell Type-specific 2-Adrenergic Receptor Clusters Identified Using Photoactivated Localization Microscopy Are Not Lipid (2012)

Recent developments in the field of optical super-resolution techniques allow both a 10-fold increase in resolution as well as an increased ability to quantify the number of labeled molecules visualized in the fluorescence measurement. By using photoac- tivated localization microscopy (PALM) and an experimental approach based on the systematic comparison with a nonclus- tering peptide as a negative control, we found that the prototyp- ical G protein-coupled receptor 2-adrenergic receptor is par- tially preassociated in nanoscale-sized clusters only in the cardiomyocytes, such as H9C2 cells, but not in other cell lines, such as HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO). The addition of the agonist for very short times or the addition of the inverse agonist did not significantly affect the organization of receptor assembly. To investigate the mechanism governing cluster for- mation, we altered plasma membrane properties with choles- terol removal and actin microfilament disruption. Although cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and it is supposed to be enriched in the lipid rafts, its sequestration and removal did not affect receptor clustering, whereas the inhibi- tion of actin polymerization did decrease the number of clusters. Our findings are therefore consistent with a model in which 2 receptor clustering is influenced by the actin cytoskeleton, but it does not rely on lipid raft integrity, thus ruling out the possibil- ity that cell type-specific 2 receptor clustering is associated with the raft.
Identities of symmetry for Bernoulli polynomials arising from quotients of Volkenborn integrals invariant under S_3 (2010)

In this paper, we derive eight basic identities of symmetry in three variables related to Bernoulli polynomials and power sums. These and most of their corollaries are new, since there have been results only about identities of symmetry in two variables. These abundance of symmetries shed new light even on the existing identities so as to yield some further interesting ones. The derivations of identities are based on the $p$-adic integral expression of the generating function for the Bernoulli polynomials and the quotient of integrals that can be expressed as the exponential generating function for the power sums.
Minimally invasive surgical treatment of pilomatrixoma (2020)

I&C may be an effective and cosmetically pleasing method to removing pilomatrixoma.
CVD Heteroepitaxial Growth of 3C-SiC on 4H-SiC (0001) Substrates (2012)

This study has been focused on 3C-SiC epitaxial growth on 4H-SiC (0001) on-axis substrates using the standard CVD chemistry. Several growth parameters were investigated, including growth temperature, in-situ etching process and C/Si ratio. High quality single domain 3C epilayers could be obtained around 1350 °C, with propane present during pre-growth etching and when the C/Si ratio was equal to 1. The best grown layer is 100% 3C-SiC and single domain. The net n-type background doping is around 2x10 16 cm -3 . The surface roughness of the layers from AFM analysis is in the 3 to 8 nm range on a 50x50 μm2 area.
Autism Spectrum Disorders — in Search of Mechanistic Biomarkers (2019)

Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neuropsychiatric conditions of increasing prevalence. They are initially detected in early development of children. Diagnosis is currently made on the basis of clinical behaviour and cognition. Improvements in accuracy, timeliness and access to diagnosis to help manage the condition is high on the agenda of the autistic communities. A blood test may help for early-stage detection of autism spectrum disorders to focus support where required — particularly when symptoms are most challenging. This article discusses briefly the scientific basis of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders and recent emergence of candidate blood tests for autism. We conclude that further validation and improvements in understanding of autism spectrum disorders are required to provide the scientific basis and classifier characteristics for accurate and reliable diagnosis by clinical chemistry blood test.
Programa de educación dirigido a pacientes con diabetes tipo II : evaluación de los resultados clínicos y analíticos tras un año de seguimiento (1997)

SE EVALUA LA VALIDEZ DE UN PROGRAMA DE EDUCACION DIRIGIDO A DIABETICOS TIPO II (101 PACIENTES), DESARROLLADO EN AVILES (ASTURIAS) A PARTIR DE NOVIEMBRE DE 1993. SE EFECTUO UN ANALISIS EN TRES PUNTOS TEMPORALES (ANTES DE LA ENTRADA EN EL PROGRAMA, A LOS 6 Y 12 MESES) DE LOS PARAMETROS DE CONTROL METABOLICO PROPUESTOS POR EL EUROPEAN NIDDM POLICY GROUP. LA HEMOGLOBINA GLICOSILADA, LAS GLUCEMIAS BASAL Y POSTPRANDIAL, LA GLUCOSURIA, EL COLESTEROL TOTAL Y LOS TRIGLICERIDOS MEJORARON SIGNIFICATIVAMENTE A LO LARGO DEL ANO DE SEGUIMIENTO; EL HDL COLESTEROL EMPEORO SIGNIFICATIVAMENTE; NO HUBO MODIFICACIONES ESTADISTICAMENTE SIGNIFICATIVAS EN EL INDICE DE MASA CORPORAL DE QUETELET NI EN LAS TENSIONES ARTERIALES. NO SE OBJETIVARON DIFERENCIAS EN LA MEJORIA DE LA HEMOGLOBINA GLICOSILADA EN SUBGRUPOS DE PACIENTES DEFINIDOS POR SUS CARACTERISTICAS CLINICAS. LA MEJORIA DE LA HEMOGLOBINA GLICOSILADA SE CORRELACIONO DE MODO ESTADISTICAMENTE SIGNIFICATIVO CON SU PROPIO VALOR INICIAL, CON LA EDAD DE LOS PACIENTES, CON LA MEJORIA DE OTROS PARAMETROS GLUCEMICOS Y TENSIONALES.
Strigolactones as an auxiliary hormonal defence mechanism against leafy gall syndrome in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2015)

Leafy gall syndrome is the consequence of modified plant development in response to a mixture of cytokinins secreted by the biotrophic actinomycete Rhodococcus fascians. The similarity of the induced symptoms with the phenotype of plant mutants defective in strigolactone biosynthesis and signalling prompted an evaluation of the involvement of strigolactones in this pathology. All tested strigolactone-related Arabidopsis thaliana mutants were hypersensitive to R. fascians. Moreover, treatment with the synthetic strigolactone mixture GR24 and with the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase inhibitor D2 illustrated that strigolactones acted as antagonistic compounds that restricted the morphogenic activity of R. fascians. Transcript profiling of the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1), MAX2, MAX3, MAX4, and BRANCHED1 (BRC1) genes in the wild-type Columbia-0 accession and in different mutant backgrounds revealed that upregulation of strigolactone biosynthesis genes was triggered indirectly by the bacterial cytokinins via host-derived auxin and led to the activation of BRC1 expression, inhibiting the outgrowth of the newly developing shoots, a typical hallmark of leafy gall syndrome. Taken together, these data support the emerging insight that balances are critical for optimal leafy gall development: the long-lasting biotrophic interaction is possible only because the host activates a set of countermeasures-including the strigolactone response-in reaction to bacterial cytokinins to constrain the activity of R. fascians.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,6‐Diaryltetrahydrothiopyran‐4‐ones by Phase‐Transfer Catalysis. (2015)

Abstract Two efficient phase‐transfer‐catalyzed protocols for the diastereoselective synthesis of cis and trans isomers of 2,6‐diaryltetrahydrothiopyran‐4‐ones (2,6‐DATHTPs) are developed.
Tuning Interfacial Charge-Transfer Excitons at Polymer-Polymer Heterojunctions under Hydrostatic Pressure (2008)

We present photoluminescence spectroscopy of blend thin films of poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) with electron-donating copolymers under hydrostatic pressure. The photoluminescence spectrum of F8BT redshifts by 530+/-60 meV over pressures of 0.1 MPa-8.8 GPa. That of the interfacial charge-transfer exciton redshifts by 270-370 meV over a similar pressure range. Despite the relatively small shift of the charge-transfer exciton, the excited state dynamics at the molecular heterojunction are strongly enhanced due to the decreasing intermolecular distance, leading to favored exciplex emission.
Efficient Estimation and Correction of Mismatch Errors in Time-Interleaved ADCs (2015)

We present a novel method for the estimation and correction of mismatch errors in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters. The estimation of the mismatch errors requires a training signal, but it is efficient, accurate, and effective while keeping low the complexity of the associated algorithm, when compared with other works in the literature. The compensation strategy uses the estimated parameters for offset and gain mismatch error correction, and implements a low-complexity (similar to that of a finite-impulse response filter) Lagrange interpolation filter to correct errors due to timing mismatch, which depends on the dynamics of the input signal. The proposed compensation strategy achieves almost ideal behavior over a wide bandwidth, i.e., only 12% of oversampling is required for an almost complete cancelation of distortion. The method has been tested under severe mismatch conditions (up to 10% timing mismatch and 5% gain and offset mismatch), showing an improvement of over 6 bits in the effective number of bits and 50 dB in the spurious-free dynamic range. In addition, when compared with the available techniques, no limitation on the number of channel converters is introduced since the compensator effectively cancels the distortion even in the presence of large mismatches.
Application of a Numerical Procedure to Creep Crack Growth from Displacement Measurements in IN100 (1983)

A hybrid experimental-numerical procedure was applied to creep crack growth studies to determine growth rates in IN100 at 732°C. The procedure uses high-precision displacement data together with a finite-clement model of the test specimen, which incorporates a realistic constitutive model of the material behavior. Primary and secondary creep as well as plasticity effects are accurately represented. The differences between experimentally measured displacements and those calculated from the analytical model were attributed to crack growth. Numerical procedures were developed for tracking experimental displacement values and releasing nodes in the finite-clement model to account for crack growth. Numerical results for crack growth rates correlated well with measurements of crack extension from the fracture surfaces as well as with extrapolated values of growth rate from previous investigations.
Power Pattern Synthesis With Peripherally Excited Phased Arrays (2023)

Peripherally excited (PEX) phased arrays have been demonstrated as an effective way to realize some aspects of phased array performance with a simple design and reduced cost. This work develops a method to realize shaped beams with PEX arrays by controlling the relative magnitude and phase of the antenna’s peripheral sources. Through a simple model of fields in a parallel-plate waveguide, a linear system of equations can be defined and solved to find the peripheral source excitations that best approximate a desired field pattern. This model is used to solve for a uniform broadside beam and yields a higher aperture illumination efficiency than a broadside beam obtained from an equal-amplitude excitation. A cosecant beam is also synthesized, showing good agreement with the goal beam pattern. The linear system of equations can be easily integrated into other beam synthesis techniques for increased design flexibility. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to solve for controlled sidelobe levels, flat-top, and multibeam patterns. Beams realized with full-wave simulation show good agreement with the ideal and predicted beams.
Tumor necrosis factor (cachetin) decreases adipose cell differentiation in primary cell culture (1986)

Cachetin has been shown to effect gene product expression in the established adipose cell line 3T3-L1. Expression of messenger RNA for lipoprotein lipase is suppressed in cultured adipocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Cachetin on adipose cell differentiation in primary cell culture. Stromalvascular cells obtained from the inguinal fat pad of 4-5 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were grown in culture for two weeks. During the proliferative growth phase all cells were grown on the same medium and labelled with /sup 3/H-thymidine. Cachetin treatment (10/sup -6/ to 10/sup -10/ M) was initiated on day 5, the initial phase of preadipocyte differentiation. Adipocytes and stromal cells were separated using density gradient, and /sup 3/H-thymidine was determined for both cell types. Thymidine incorporation into adipose cells was decreased maximally (approx. 50%) at 10/sup -10/ M. Stromalvascular cells were not influenced at any of the doses tested. Adipose cell lipid content as indicated by oil red-O staining was decreased by Cachetin. Esterase staining by adipose cells treated with Cachetin was increased indicating an increase in intracellular lipase. These studies show that Cachetin has specific effects on primary adipose cell differentiation.