gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semantic Segmentation with Active Semi-Supervised Learning (2022)

Using deep learning, we now have the ability to create exceptionally good semantic segmentation systems; however, collecting the prerequisite pixel-wise annotations for training images remains expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, it would be ideal to minimize the number of human annotations needed when creating a new dataset. Here, we address this problem by proposing a novel algorithm that combines active learning and semi-supervised learning. Active learning is an approach for identifying the best unlabeled samples to annotate. While there has been work on active learning for segmentation, most methods require annotating all pixel objects in each image, rather than only the most informative regions. We argue that this is inefficient. Instead, our active learning approach aims to minimize the number of annotations per-image. Our method is enriched with semi-supervised learning, where we use pseudo labels generated with a teacher-student framework to identify image regions that help disambiguate confused classes. We also integrate mechanisms that enable better performance on imbalanced label distributions, which have not been studied previously for active learning in semantic segmentation. In experiments on the CamVid and CityScapes datasets, our method obtains over 95% of the network's performance on the full-training set using less than 17% of the training data, whereas the previous state of the art required 40% of the training data.
Loss of p27Kip1 enhances the transplantation efficiency of hepatocytes transferred into diseased livers (2001)

p27Kip1 is an important regulator of cyclin-dependent kinases. Studies with p27 knockout mice have revealed abnormalities in proliferation and differentiation of multiple cell types. Here we show that primary hepatocytes isolated from livers of adult p27 knockout mice exhibit higher levels of DNA synthesis activity in culture than do wild-type cells. Interestingly, we found that, compared with control hepatocytes, p27 knockout hepatocytes proliferate better after transplantation into diseased livers to reverse liver failure. These results reveal an aspect of p27 that could be used to benefit cell-based therapy.
Innovative Protocols for in SITU MTBE Degradation by Using Molecular Probes-An Enhanced Chemical-Bio Oxidation Technique (2009)

In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a common technology to cleanup petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and groundwater. Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is an oxidant which is activated by iron (Fe) to produce Fenton-like reactions. Western Research Institute, in conjunction with Regenesis and the U.S. Department of Energy, conducted a study that investigated the performance of a 'safe' oxidant, SPC, to cleanup groundwater and soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and associated contaminants (e.g., MTBE). Results from a field pilot test in Frenchglen, Oregon showed VOC concentrations in groundwater decreased substantially within 2 weeks after injecting activated SPC (RegenOx). A protocol was established for determining RegenOx TOD in soils and groundwater. Total oxidant demand tests were necessary to determine the correct dosage of RegenOx to apply in the field and sufficiently degrade the contaminants of concern. Bench studies with RegenOx showed this technology was effective in degrading diesel fuel and 1,4-dioxane. The Fe-silica activator (RegenOx Part B) was tested with another oxidant, sodium persulfate. Bench tests results showed the combination of sodium persulfate and RegenOx Part B was effective in reducing PCE, MTBE, benzene, and n-heptane concentrations in water. Overall, the results of this project indicated that most petroleum contaminants in soil and groundwater can be sufficiently degraded using the RegenOx technology.
Indigenization and authentization of epistemology in China’s social work: Moving beyond Confucianism, Taoism, and Chinese Buddhism (2021)

How China’s social work can establish its own epistemology has remained largely unexplored. This article focuses on Confucianism, Taoism, and Chinese Buddhism to start this epistemological exploration, as they represent Chinese culture and can provide valuable epistemological elements for China’s social work. Moving beyond epistemological elements from these philosophies, how social workers in China can further develop social work research and practice based on the unique Chinese context is also discussed, specifically through the processes of indigenization and authentization of epistemology in China’s social work. Limitations and future research directions are also presented to guide future discussion.
Toward single-cycle laser systems (2003)

Few-cycle pulse generation based on Ti:sapphire, Cr:forsterite, and Cr:YAG gain media is reviewed. The dynamics of these laser systems is well understood in terms of soliton and dispersion managed soliton formation stabilized by artificial saturable absorber action provided by Kerr-lens modelocking. These systems generate 5-, 14-, and 20-fs pulses with spectral coverages of 600-1150, 1100-1600, and 1200-1500 nm, respectively. The design of dispersion compensating laser optics providing high reflectivity and prismless operation over this bandwidth is discussed. A novel active synchronization scheme based on balanced optical cross correlation, the equivalent to balanced microwave detection, for synchronization of independently mode-locked lasers is introduced. Its use in synchronizing an octave-spanning Ti:sapphire laser and a 30-fs Cr:forsterite laser yields 300 attoseconds timing jitter measured from 10 mHz to 2.3 MHz. The spectral overlap between the two lasers is large enough to enable direct detection of the difference in the carrier-envelope offset frequency between the two lasers. These are the most important steps in the synthesis of single-cycle optical pulses with spectra spanning 600-1600 nm.
A-Kinase Anchoring in Dendritic Cells Is Required for Antigen Presentation (2009)

These experiments represent the first evidence for the functional importance of PKA anchoring in multiple aspects of DC biology.
Unification proposals for fatigue crack propagation laws (2017)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose the new dependences of cycles to failure for a given initial crack length upon the stress amplitude in the linear fracture approach. The anticipated unified propagation function describes the infinitesimal crack-length growths per increasing number of load cycles, supposing that the load ratio remains constant over the load history. Two unification functions with different number of fitting parameters are proposed. On one hand, the closed-form analytical solutions facilitate the universal fitting of the constants of the fatigue law over all stages of fatigue. On the other hand, the closed-form solution eases the application of the fatigue law, because the solution of nonlinear differential equation turns out to be dispensable. The main advantage of the proposed functions is the possibility of having closed-form analytical solutions for the unified crack growth law. Moreover, the mean stress dependence is the immediate consequence of the proposed law. The corresponding formulas for crack length over the number of cycles are derived. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the method of representation of crack propagation functions through appropriate elementary functions is employed. The choice of the elementary functions is motivated by the phenomenological data and covers a broad region of possible parameters. With the introduced crack propagation functions, differential equations describing the crack propagation are solved rigorously. Findings The resulting closed-form solutions allow the evaluation of crack propagation histories on one hand, and the effects of stress ratio on crack propagation on the other hand. The explicit formulas for crack length over the number of cycles are derived. Research limitations/implications In this paper, linear fracture mechanics approach is assumed. Practical implications Shortening of evaluation time for fatigue crack growth. Simplification of the computer codes due to the elimination of solution of differential equation. Standardization of experiments for crack growth. Originality/value This paper introduces the closed-form analytical expression for crack length over number of cycles. The new function that expresses the damage growth per cycle is also introduced. This function allows closed-form analytical solution for crack length. The solution expresses the number of cycles to failure as the function of the initial size of the crack and eliminates the solution of the nonlinear ordinary differential equation of the first order. The different common expressions, which account for the influence of the stress ratio, are immediately applicable.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Phase I Trial of Overlapping Long Peptides from a Tumor Self-Antigen and Poly-ICLC Shows Rapid Induction of Integrated Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1810K, Detection of NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ T cells by intracellular cytokine staining. CD4+ T cells were stimulated once with T-cell depleted PBMC pulsed with NY-ESO-1 assay OLP and after 22-23 day culture, NY-ESO-1-specific IFN-γ and IL-5 production was evaluated by intracellular cytokine staining. Peptide-pulsed or unpulsed autologous EBV-B cells pulsed or unpulsed with 20-mer NY-ESO-1 peptides covering areas indicated were used as target cells. Responses shown at week 16 after vaccination in two patients (M09 and M19) representative of Cohort 2 and 3, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
T-cell subsets and suppressor cells in human bone marrow (1992)

To characterize immune suppressive and hematopoietic features of enriched subsets of human marrow cells, we separated these cells on Percoll density gradients. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (CD3+) were enriched in the high-density marrow cell fractions and reduced in low-density fractions. CD4-CD8- (CD3+) T cells expressing the alpha beta T-cell antigen receptor were at least 10 times less numerous than the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in all fractions. Purified populations of the CD4-CD8- alpha beta + T cells obtained by flow cytometry suppressed the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Another population of suppressor cells that expressed neither T-cell (CD3) nor natural killer cell (CD16) surface markers was also identified. The latter cells had the phenotypic and functional characteristics of "natural suppressor" cells. Suppressor cell activity was enriched in the low-density fractions along with hematopoietic progenitors (colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage and burst-forming unit-erythroid). The progenitor and suppressor cell activities were depleted in high-density fractions. The latter fractions made vigorous responses in the MLR. The low-density fractions, which accounted for less than 10% of the input marrow cells, suppressed the MLR and did not respond. Further evaluation of the low-density fractions may be of value in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation due to the reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the enrichment of hematopoietic progenitors as well as immune suppressor cells that may inhibit graft-versus-host disease.
Operator Informational Needs for Multiple Autonomous Small Vehicles (2015)

With the anticipated explosion of small unmanned aerial vehicles, it is highly likely that operators will be controlling fleets of autonomous vehicles. To fulfill the promise of autonomy, vehicle operators will not be concerned with manual control of the vehicle; instead, they will deal with the overall mission. Furthermore, the one operator to many vehicles is becoming a constant meme with various industries including package delivery, search and rescue, and utility companies. In order for an operator to concurrently control several vehicles, his station must look and behave very differently than the current ground control station instantiations. Furthermore, the vehicle will have to be much more autonomous, especially during non-normal operations, in order to accommodate the knowledge deficit or the information overload of the operator in charge of several vehicles. The expected usage increase of small drones requires presenting the operational information generated by a fleet of heterogeneous autonomous agents to an operator. NASA Langley Research Center's Autonomy Incubator has brought together researchers in various disciplines including controls, trajectory planning, systems engineering, and human factors to develop an integrated system to study autonomy issues. The initial human factors effort is focusing on mission displays that would give an operator the overall status of all autonomous agents involved in the current mission. This paper will discuss the specifics of the mission displays for operators controlling several vehicles.
Principles and clinical application of ultrasound elastography for diffuse liver disease (2014)

Accurate assessment of the degree of liver fibrosis is important for estimating prognosis and deciding on an appropriate course of treatment for cases of chronic liver disease (CLD) with various etiologies. Because of the inherent limitations of liver biopsy, there is a great need for non-invasive and reliable tests that accurately estimate the degree of liver fibrosis. Ultrasound (US) elastography is considered a non-invasive, convenient, and precise technique to grade the degree of liver fibrosis by measuring liver stiffness. There are several commercial types of US elastography currently in use, namely, transient elastography, acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, supersonic shear-wave imaging, and real-time tissue elastography. Although the low reproducibility of measurements derived from operator-dependent performance remains a significant limitation of US elastography, this technique is nevertheless useful for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis in patients with CLD. Likewise, US elastography may also be used as a convenient surveillance method that can be performed by physicians at the patients' bedside to enable the estimation of the prognosis of patients with fatal complications related to CLD in a non-invasive manner.
Metastatic prostate carcinoma to the intradural extramedullary spinal compartment (2004)

Despite the relatively high incidence of prostate carcinoma involving the spinal column, those that are associated with spinal intradural extramedullary metastases are rare. The role of surgery for metastases to this spinal compartment is limited and palliative because presentation tends to be late in the course of the disease, particularly for prostate carcinoma. It is also considered to be part of the spectrum of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and is associated with a high incidence of brain metastases. The authors review a rare case of prostate carcinoma metastatic to the spinal intradural extramedullary space and discuss its clinical presentation, imaging features, and surgical management.
Combined Experimental and Ab Initio Multireference Configuration Interaction Study of the Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Spectrum of CO<sub>2</sub> (2014)

The fundamental problem of the symmetry breaking in the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) of the CO2 gas molecule is studied. The measurements were performed under catalytically relevant conditions within an in-house constructed reaction cell. The experimental RIXS plane is constructed from a sequence of resonances, covering the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectrum up to 539 eV. The spectra show significant sensitivity with respect to the excitation frequency. The NEXAFS absorption spectrum, as well as the corresponding RIXS spectra, is interpreted with the aid of multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) theory. In this framework, the configuration interaction space spans the space of the intermediate and final states with single and single–double excitations. The dynamic character of the RIXS spectra is investigated by considering the electronic–nuclear vibrational coupling with the bending and antisymmetric stretching vibrations in the important intermediate excited states. In addition, the vibronic coupling mechanism involving the Renner–Teller effect and the core–hole localization pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect of the intermediate states is fully considered. The physical origin of the observed spectral features is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of individual core-to-valence excitations and valence-to-core decays, respectively. The computational protocol presented here, based on multireference wave function ab initio theory, serves as an important reference for future theoretical and experimental applications of RIXS spectroscopy.
NCD Diamond Semiconductor System for Advanced Power Electronics Systems Integration : CRADA report (2016)

The integration of 2D materials such as molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) with diamond (3D) was achieved by forming an heterojunction between these two materials and its electrical performance was studied experimentally. The device charactertics did show good rectifying nature when p-type single crystal diamond was integrated with n-type MoS2. These results are very encouraging indicating possible applications in semiconductor electronics, however further studies are required for a detailed understanding of the transport phenomena at the MoS2/diamond interface.
A single intranasal dose of human parainfluenza virus type 3-vectored vaccine induces effective antibody and memory T cell response in the lungs and protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

Respiratory tract vaccination has an advantage of needle-free delivery and induction of mucosal immune response in the portal of SARS-CoV-2 entry. We utilized human parainfluenza virus type 3 vector to generate constructs expressing the full spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, its S1 subunit, or the receptor-binding domain, and tested them in hamsters as single-dose intranasal vaccines. The construct bearing full-length S induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies specific to S protein domains critical to the protein functions. Robust memory T cell responses in the lungs were also induced, which represent an additional barrier to infection and should be less sensitive than the antibody responses to mutations present in SARS-CoV-2 variants. Following SARS-CoV-2 challenge, animals were protected from the disease and detectable viral replication. Vaccination prevented induction of gene pathways associated with inflammation. These results indicate advantages of respiratory vaccination against COVID-19 and inform the design of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Phase‐encoded xSPEN: A novel high‐resolution volumetric alternative to RARE MRI (2018)

A new MRI strategy is introduced delivering high in- and through-plane resolutions while enjoying full Fourier multiplexing, leading to fast acquisitions with high SNR.
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA AT TRECVID 2003 (2003)

In this paper, we describe the methods for shotboundary detection, story segmentation, and feature extraction developed at the Computer Vision Laboratory, UCF, for TRECVID 2003 forum. To detect shot boundaries in videos, we use a multiresolution color histogram intersection technique in a coarse-to-fine fashion. Detected shot transitions are further classified into abrupt and gradual transitions. We have also developed a method to segment video clips into stories. Our method is based on only visual cues and is useful to separate commercials from the news stories. In addition, we have contributed to the feature extraction task and have developed methods to detect two features, namely, Non-Studio Settings and Weather News. The feature detection also relies on the visual information and exploits the structure of the shot transitions and the common annotations in the news videos. We present our results and its evaluation released by NIST. 1.
Alkali soluble and alkali insoluble fluoride retention in demineralized enamel in vivo (1983)

Demineralization of enamel was induced by applying orthodontic bands in 15 patients having two of their premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. After a 4-wk caries induction period, eight patients were instructed to rinse their teeth once daily with a neutral 0.05% NaF solution, whereas seven patients received a single treatment with a neutral 2% NaF solution. The bands were reattached to the teeth during the fluoride treatment period and the teeth were extracted after two more weeks. Three consecutive enamel layers were etched off, and a significant uptake of fluoride in all three layers were found in both treatment groups. A larger part of the deposited fluoride was retained in an alkali insoluble form (i.e. fluorapatite) compared with previous studies of sound enamel. It is suggested that the chemical conditions in the cariogenic milieu were favorable for transformation of the fluoride into a stable apatite structure.
All‐Solid‐State Electric Double‐Layer Capacitor with Isotropic High‐Density Graphite Electrode and Polyethylene Oxide/ LiClO4 Polymer Electrolyte (1996)

An isotropic high‐density graphite was used as a polarizable electrode of all‐solid state electric double‐layer capacitor using polyethylene oxide (PEO) or gel PEO electrolyte. The all‐solid‐state capacitor with high‐density graphite electrodes possesses higher differential capacity than the other flat electrodes in solid polymer electrolyte at 80°C or gel electrolyte at ambient temperature. The capacitance of the electric double layer of the high‐density graphite electrode was strongly influenced by the cell temperature and concentration of , because of the different state of the polymer crystallinity and different interface contact state between the high‐density graphite electrode and the solid electrolyte. The all‐solid‐state capacitor with = 8:1) solid polymer electrolyte and gel electrolytes showed good charge/discharge behavior with a relatively high capacitance at 80 and 20°C, respectively.
Immunobiology of Acute Cytotoxic Drug Reactions (2008)

While relatively rare, the clinical presentation of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TENS) is often very dramatic and unfortunately it frequently results in the loss of life due to extensive epidermal necrosis and subsequent complications. The etiology of TENS is fairly well known and linked to ingestion of various medications. However, the pathophysiology and treatment of TENS is less well understood, but abnormal immunological mechanisms have been implicated by some investigators. The purpose of this chapter is to review the clinical features of TENS, followed by dermatopathological and immunopathological aspects of the skin lesions. A review of basic skin biology as regards regulation of keratinocytes' life and death is provided with emphasis on premature cell death. After a review of the immunopathogenic theories for TENS, a discussion of possible therapeutic interventions concludes the chapter. Clearly, many new insights are required at multiple levels of understanding to better manage and perhaps even prevent TENS.
Gas spectroscopy in the near infrared optical fibre network (2005)

Paper describes research in the field of gas spectroscopy in near infrared optical fibre networks.
Biophotonics computer app: fostering multidisciplinary distance self-paced learning with a user-friendly interface (2022)

The biophotonics app enables multidisciplinary and self-paced learning in both in-person or virtual environments. The app can work offline and has a user-friendly interface well accepted by students. App instructions are publicly available.
Novel Compact Femtosecond Lasers Based on Multi-Pass Cavities (2004)

We describe the design and mode-locked operation of compact (30cm × 45 cm) femtosecond multi-pass-cavity Ti3+:Al2O3 lasers which operate at 31 MHz and can generate 19-fs, 3.65 nJ pulses with only 1.5 W of pump.