gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IC‐P‐010: COMPARING CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER, CEREBELLAR, AND PONTINE REFERENCE REGIONS TO CHARACTERIZE FLORBETAPIR PET MEASUREMENTS OF AMYLOID‐β BURDEN IN PSEN1 E280A MUTATION CARRIERS AND NONCARRIERS FROM THE COLOMBIAN AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE KINDRED (2018)

We previously demonstrated that a cerebral white matter reference region could improve the ability of longitudinal florbetapir standard uptake value (SUV) ratios (SUVR) to track changes in amyloid-β (Aβ) levels (Chen et al., 2015). Here we sought to compare white matter to two candidate reference regions to test their the ability to detect Aβ elevations and associations with age and memory decline with cross-sectional florbetapir SUVRs in Presenilin (PSEN1) E280A mutation carriers from the Colombian Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease (ADAD) kindred. Cerebral white matter (corpus callosum[CC], centrum semi-ovale[CSO], and combined[WM]), cerebellar, and pontine reference regions were used to compute cerebral-to-reference region SUVRs using florbetapir PET scans acquired as reported (Fleisher et al., 2012). Nineteen cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers (mean age=32), 11 impaired mutation carriers (mean age=47), and 20 age-matched non-carriers of the PSEN1 mutation were included in the analyses. We compared the ability of different reference regions to detect elevated SUVRs and characterize associations with age and memory performance in the carrier group. Finally, since deceased mutation carriers with cognitive impairment are known to have neuropathological evidence of Aβ burden in the cerebellum, we compared reference region SUVs between our three groups. There were significant between-group SUVR differences (impaired carriers>unimpaired carriers>non-carriers) using each of the five reference regions. All reference regions similarly detected elevated levels of Aβ, and showed significant associations of SUVRs with age and worse memory performance in mutation carriers. However, associations with memory performance were stronger when using CC (p=0.02), CSO (p=.002), and WM reference regions (p=.06) compared to pontine. In comparison with impaired mutation carriers and non-carriers, SUVs were significantly greater in impaired mutation carriers in the cerebellar region, but not in white matter or pontine regions. Use of a white matter reference region may increase the ability to characterize cross-sectional florbetapir PET measurements of Aβ burden in ADAD mutation carriers, aid in identifying individuals at preclinical stages, and better inform future clinical trials. While our previously employed pontine reference region may be an acceptable alternative, a cerebellar reference region may be confounded by Aβ burden in the clinical stages of ADAD.
Nonconchoidal Fracture in Power Electronics Substrates due to Delamination in Baseplate Solder Joints (2018)

Power Electronic (PE) modules for inverter applications in electric and hybrid electric vehicles are often built on Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) or Active Metal Brazing (AMB) substrates. For adequate thermal management, these substrates are soldered onto liquid cooled metallic heat sinks (baseplates). While passive temperature cycling (pTC) leading to delamination in the baseplate solder layer is relatively well known, this paper documents the occurrence of a lesser known nonconchoidal fracture in the ceramic layer of AMBs/DBCs. Interestingly, such cracks are strongly coupled to the delamination of the substrate-solder interface and substrate design. Using experimental and Finite Element Method (FEM) tools, this study also clarifies the mechanism through which these cracks initiate, potentially leading to possible design solutions to avoid such cracks.
Application of Rough Set Theory to High Throughput Screening Data for Rational Selection of Lead Compounds (2008)

In the field of drug discovery, high-throughput screening (HTS) is widely used to identify new lead compounds. A considerable number of hit compounds, however, will subsequently be found to have low activities when their inhibitory activities are measured more precisely. Such compounds are called false positives. For a more efficient selection of lead compounds, virtual screening methods with QSAR models have been investigated, but no definitive solutions have been found. In this study, we propose an effective method to identify lead compounds. The proposed method is based on rough set theory (RST), which is a mathematical tool for depicting the uncertainty and vagueness of knowledge. The essential parts of RST are the construction of reducts, which are minimal subsets of variables to distinguish samples, and the extraction of rules using their reducts. By applying RST to the QSAR study of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, we extracted several rules for identifying lead compounds. First, 3D-structures of MAO inhibitors were generated uniformly by CORINA, and chemical descriptors were calculated by the Volsurf method. Finally, three unique rules were extracted by using RST. It is found that the each rule is chemically reasonable and compatible with previous studies. Furthermore, the predictive power of RST was also proved by comparison with partial least squares (PLS) and decision tree (DT). These results demonstrate the usefulness of our method.
Discovery and SAR of 5-(3-Chlorophenylamino)benzo[<i>c</i>][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylic Acid (CX-4945), the First Clinical Stage Inhibitor of Protein Kinase CK2 for the Treatment of Cancer (2010)

Herein we chronicle the discovery of CX-4945 (25n), a first-in-class, orally bioavailable ATP-competitive inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 in clinical trials for cancer. CK2 has long been considered a prime cancer drug target because of the roles of deregulated and overexpressed CK2 in cancer-promoting prosurvival and antiapoptotic pathways. These biological properties as well as the suitability of CK2's small ATP binding site for the design of selective inhibitors, led us to fashion novel therapeutic agents for cancer. The optimization leading to 25n (K(i) = 0.38 nM) was guided by molecular modeling, suggesting a strong binding of 25n resulting from a combination of hydrophobic interactions, an ionic bridge with Lys68, and hydrogen bonding with the hinge region. 25n was found to be highly selective, orally bioavailable across species (20-51%) and efficacious in xenograft models. The discovery of 25n will allow the therapeutic targeting of CK2 in humans for the first time.
Lowering dialysis sessions duration may be dangerous (2021)

Dialysis session in less duration - either to give a better quality of life for the patient or to optimize the organization the dialysis institution - may have bad repercussions on the quality of the treatment and therefore the quality of life of the patient. According to the result of the publications listed in this work, we conclude that it is necessary to perform either longer sessions or more frequent treatments to limit the interval time between two sessions. As this is difficult to perform by the providers, we recommend to develop home dialysis to obtain the best result.
Advanced multi-patterning using resist core spacer process for 22nm node and beyond (2012)

Self-aligned double patterning (SADP) such as multi-patterning process seems to be the most promising technology for 22nm node devices and beyond. In recent years, in order to further scaling, other multi-patterning processes such as self-aligned triple patterning (SATP) and self-aligned quadruple patterning (SAQP) have also been studied. However, process cost and CD controllability are major challenges since multi-patterning technology utilizes spacer processes which-requires a larger number of etching and deposition process steps. And then we began to study the simplified spacer process using resist core and we verified its process performance (Process window, LWR) This paper reports on the results of a comprehensive process evaluation of multi-patterning technology using lithography clusters, etching and deposition tools.
Laser thermoreflectance temperature measurements of metal coating alloys on a rotating platform (2005)

Instruments commercially available to monitor the surface temperature of metal parts undergoing advanced alloy deposition processes are extremely limited, and for some processes; unavailable. In turn, a non-intrusive, non-contact instrument employing optical reflectance to measure surface temperatures of parts undergoing such coating conditions is presented. Very good correlation was obtained between the reflectance signal and the surface temperature for steel, varying titanium nitride coat thickness, and rotating sample modeling. All experimental results show that the laser thermoreflectance temperature measurement technique has a strong potential of being used as a real-time on-line temperature monitoring instrument for metal coating processes.
IZO: applications of large-window compression to virtual machine management (2008)

The increased use of virtual machines in the enterprise environment presents an interesting new set of challenges for the administrators of today’s information systems. In addition to the management of the sheer volume of easily-created new data on physical machines, VMs themselves contain data that is important to the user of the virtual machine. Efficient storage, transmission, and backup of VM images has become a growing concern. We present IZO, a novel large-window compression tool inspired by data deduplication algorithms, which provides significantly faster and better compression than existing large-window compression tools. We apply this tool to a number of VM management domains, including deep-freeze, backup, and transmission, to more efficiently store, administer, and move virtual machines.
An Augmented Lagrangian Method for Piano Transcription using Equal\n Loudness Thresholding and LSTM-based Decoding (2017)

A central goal in automatic music transcription is to detect individual note\nevents in music recordings. An important variant is instrument-dependent music\ntranscription where methods can use calibration data for the instruments in\nuse. However, despite the additional information, results rarely exceed an\nf-measure of 80%. As a potential explanation, the transcription problem can be\nshown to be badly conditioned and thus relies on appropriate regularization. A\nrecently proposed method employs a mixture of simple, convex regularizers (to\nstabilize the parameter estimation process) and more complex terms (to\nencourage more meaningful structure). In this paper, we present two extensions\nto this method. First, we integrate a computational loudness model to better\ndifferentiate real from spurious note detections. Second, we employ\n(Bidirectional) Long Short Term Memory networks to re-weight the likelihood of\ndetected note constellations. Despite their simplicity, our two extensions lead\nto a drop of about 35% in note error rate compared to the state-of-the-art.\n
Study on inspection of high voltage cable in railway line (2020)

East Japan Railway Company supplies electricity to substations, distribution stations, and various types of equipment through high-voltage distribution lines and cables. Our company has 5,000 km of high-voltage cables, which account for 60% of the total high-voltage distribution network. If there is an accident to a high-voltage cable, this may cut off signal equipment and station equipment, which will affect train operation. Since many high-voltage cables supply electric power to important facilities required for railway operation, these cables need to be properly managed. In this research, we focused on the partial discharge generated in high voltage cables and examined the inspection method for high voltage cables.
&lt;i&gt;In-situ&lt;/i&gt; Observation of Dislocation Evolution in Ferritic and Austenitic Stainless Steels under Tensile Deformation by Using Neutron Diffraction (2018)

To investigate the characteristics of dislocation evolution in ferritic and austenitic stainless steels under tensile deformation, neutron diffraction line-profile analysis was carried out. The austenitic steel exhibited higher work hardening than the ferritic steel. The difference in the work hardening ability between the two steels was explained with the dislocation density estimated by the line-profile analysis. The higher dislocation density of the austenitic steel would originate from its lower stacking fault energy. Dislocation arrangement parameters indicated that the strength of interaction between dislocations in the austenitic steel was stronger than that in the ferritic steel. This would mainly originate from the difference in dislocation substructures; while dislocation tangle, which can be prompted by the cross slip, was expected in the ferritic steels, highly dense dislocation walls induced by planar glide of dislocations as well as the tangle were expected in the austenitic steel. It was confirmed that the stronger interaction between dislocations in the austenitic steel resulted in the smaller strain field of dislocation. Consequently, the coefficient for the root square of dislocation density in the Bailey-Hirsh equation became smaller in the austenitic steel. X-ray diffraction line-profile analysis was also carried out for the tensile-deformed specimens. The dislocation arrangement parameter evaluated by X-ray diffraction was smaller than that evaluated by neutron diffraction. This would be caused by the difference in the relationship between the loading direction and the scattering vector. On the other hand, the dislocation density evaluated by both methods was almost identical.
Nucling Recruits Apaf-1/Pro-caspase-9 Complex for the Induction of Stress-induced Apoptosis (2004)

Nucling is a novel protein isolated from murine embryonal carcinoma cells with an up-regulated expression during cardiac muscle differentiation. We show here that Nucling was up-regulated by proapoptotic stimuli and important for the induction of apoptosis after cytotoxic stress. We further demonstrated that overexpressed Nucling was able to induce apoptosis. In Nucling-deficient cells, the expression levels of Apaf-1 and cytochrome c, which are the major components of an apoptosis-promoting complex named apoptosome, were both down-regulated under cellular stress. A deficiency of Nucling also conferred resistance to apoptotic stress on the cell. After UV irradiation, Nucling was shown to reside in an Apaf-1/pro-caspase-9 complex, suggesting that Nucling might be a key molecule for the formation and maintenance of this complex. Nucling induced translocation of Apaf-1 to the nucleus, thereby distributing the Nucling/Apaf-1/pro-caspase-9 complex to the nuclear fraction. These findings suggest that Nucling recruits and transports the apoptosome complex during stress-induced apoptosis.
Identification of Cu<sub>2</sub>(N<sub>2</sub>) and Cu<sub>2</sub>(N<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> Complexes:  Matrix Isolation and Density Functional Studies (2000)

Reactions of copper atoms with dinitrogen have been studied in argon and dinitrogen matrices at 10 K by UV−visible and FTIR spectroscopies. The co-condensation of copper vapor in neat dinitrogen matrices produces only the metal dimer 2:1 and 2:2 species, i.e., the Cu2(N2) and Cu2(N2)2 complexes. Density functional calculations carried out on these complexes indicate that N2 coordinates to Cu2 in end-on way. No reactivity occurs in argon dilute matrices when the dinitrogen−argon rate is lower than 50%. The reactivity of copper is greatly affected by the presence of CO in the matrix giving rise to mixed copper CO/N2 species. The cooperative effect of CO is examined by DFT calculations. From both our experimental and theoretical results it is evident that only copper dimers exhibit a marked reactivity toward the N2 molecule, whereas the naked Cu(0) atoms need the “help” of a reactive co-ligand like CO to promote the coordination of dinitrogen.
Impact of Intercostal Artery Occlusion on Spinal Cord Ischemia Following Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (2011)

TEVAR decreases intercostal artery patency in the area of aortic coverage. Our data suggest that intercostal artery patency, in conjunction with perioperative hypotension, is an important contributor to postoperative SCI.
Analysis of Copy Number Variants on Chromosome 21 in Down Syndrome-Associated Congenital Heart Defects (2017)

One in five people with Down syndrome (DS) are born with an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), an incidence 2000 times higher than in the euploid population. The genetic loci that contribute to this risk are poorly understood. In this study, we tested two hypotheses: (1) individuals with DS carrying chromosome 21 copy number variants (CNVs) that interrupt exons may be protected from AVSD, because these CNVs return AVSD susceptibility loci back to disomy, and (2) individuals with DS carrying chromosome 21 genes spanned by microduplications are at greater risk for AVSD because these microduplications boost the dosage of AVSD susceptibility loci beyond a tolerable threshold. We tested 198 case individuals with DS+AVSD, and 211 control individuals with DS and a normal heart, using a custom microarray with dense probes tiled on chromosome 21 for array CGH (aCGH). We found that neither an individual chromosome 21 CNV nor any individual gene intersected by a CNV was associated with AVSD in DS. Burden analyses revealed that African American controls had more bases covered by rare deletions than did African American cases. Inversely, we found that Caucasian cases had more genes intersected by rare duplications than did Caucasian controls. We also showed that previously DS+AVSD (DS and a complete AVSD)-associated common CNVs on chromosome 21 failed to replicate. This research adds to the swell of evidence indicating that DS-associated AVSD is similarly heterogeneous, as is AVSD in the euploid population.
High energy implementation of coil-target scheme for guided re-acceleration of laser-driven protons (2021)

Developing compact ion accelerators using intense lasers is a very active area of research, motivated by a strong applicative potential in science, industry and healthcare. However, proposed applications in medical therapy, as well as in nuclear and particle physics demand a strict control of ion energy, as well as of the angular and spectral distribution of ion beam, beyond the intrinsic limitations of the several acceleration mechanisms explored so far. Here we report on the production of highly collimated ([Formula: see text] half angle divergence), high-charge (10s of pC) and quasi-monoenergetic proton beams up to [Formula: see text] 50 MeV, using a recently developed method based on helical coil targetry. In this concept, ions accelerated from a laser-irradiated foil are post-accelerated and conditioned in a helical structure positioned at the rear of the foil. The pencil beam of protons was produced by guided post-acceleration at a rate of [Formula: see text] 2 GeV/m, without sacrificing the excellent beam emittance of the laser-driven proton beams. 3D particle tracing simulations indicate the possibility of sustaining high acceleration gradients over extended helical coil lengths, thus maximising the gain from such miniature accelerating modules.
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenylphosphine Adducts of Tris(neopentyl) and Tris(trimethylsilylmethyl)gallium and ‐indium Including the Crystal and Molecular Structure of (Me3CCH2)3Ga·P(H)Ph2. (1990)

Abstract The phosphine‐Ga(III) adducts (III) ((IIIa): space group P1, Z=2) are isolated as crystalline solids at room temp. and characterized by cryoscopic mol.
The Effect of Catechol<i>O</i>-methylation on Radical Scavenging Characteristics of Quercetin and Luteolin—A Mechanistic Insight (2004)

The biological effect of flavonoids can be modulated in vivo due to metabolism. The O-methylation of the catechol group in the molecule by catechol O-methyl transferase is one of the important metabolic pathways of flavonoids. In the present study, the consequences of catechol O-methylation for the pH-dependent radical scavenging properties of quercetin and luteolin were characterized both experimentally and theoretically. Comparison of the pKa values to the pH-dependent TEAC profiles reveals that O-methylation not only affects the TEAC as such but also modulates the effect of changing pH on this radical scavenging activity due to an effect on the pKa for deprotonation. The pH-dependent TEAC curves and computer calculated electronic parameters: bond dissociation energy (BDE) and ionisation potential (IP) even indicate that O-methylation of the luteolin catechol group affects the radical scavenging potential only because it shifts the pKa for deprotonation. O-Methylation of the quercetin catechol moiety affects radical scavenging capacity by both an effect on the pKa, and also by an effect on the electron and hydrogen atom donating properties of the neutral (N) and the anionic (A) form of the molecule. Moreover, O-methylation of a catechol OH-group in quercetin and luteolin has a similar effect on their TEAC profiles and on calculated parameters as replacement of the OH-group by a hydrogen atom. Altogether, the results presented provide new mechanistic insight in the effect of catechol O-methylation on the radical scavenging characteristics of quercetin and luteolin.
Sonocytology : (2020)

Ultrasonic irradiation to living bodies has recently shown impressive phenomena. They can be divided into the effect on biological responses and the effect on the handling of cultured cells. These effects are chemical/physical responses to mechanical stimuli by ultrasonic wave which is applied to living bodies including cells themselves. Clarifying its mechanism by means of a very important discipline (sonocytology) can be an important field to investigate. In this presentation, I will focus on the mass production of high quality cells and tissues where mechanical engineering should play an important role, and introduce our research results. One of the challenges the mechanical engineering may contribute to is to realize an effective cell detachment method which is essential for general culture process widely performed. Another important challenge is to establish cell aggregate/sheet producing procedure by introducing mechanical engineering aspect. Introducing ultrasonic technology dramatically advances the automation of such culture processes.
Cytofluorometric analysis of macrophages activated <i>in vivo</i> or <i>in vitro</i> (1978)

The relative RNA content of single macrophages was measured by cytofluorometry after differential staining of cellular DNA and RNA with the metachromatic fluorescent dye acridine orange. This method allowed the differentiation of two major groups in the adherent macrophage population differing in their RNA content. After in vivo stimulation of mice (by injection of thioglycollate medium) or guinea pigs (by injection of oil), an increasing percentage of macrophages possessing a high RNA content is recovered. In vitro stimulation of macrophage cultures with lipopolysaccharide had the same enhancing effect on cellular RNA content. Cytofluorometric measurement of RNA content may possibly become an efficient and rapid method of measuring macrophage activation.