gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional Variation in Androgen Receptor Expression and Biomechanical Properties May Contribute to Cryptorchidism Susceptibility in the LE/orl Rat (2018)

<b>Background:</b> The process of testicular descent requires androgen and insulin-like 3, hormones secreted by fetal Leydig cells. Knowledge concerning distinct and common functions of these hormones in regulating development of the fetal gubernaculum remains limited and/or conflicting. The current studies were designed to better define characteristics of androgen receptor (AR) expression, function and regulation, as well as the biomechanical properties of normal and cryptorchid gubernaculum during fetal development. <b>Methods:</b> We studied fetal gubernacula from Long Evans outbred (LE/wt) rats and an inbred (LE/orl) strain with an inherited form of cryptorchidism associated with an AR signaling defect. Gubernacular cells or whole organs obtained from LE/wt and LE/orl fetal gubernacula underwent AR immunostaining and quantitative image analysis. The effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on AR expression, muscle fiber morphology, hyaluronan (HA) levels and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were measured in LE/wt gubernacula. Finally, the spatial mechanics of freshly harvested LE/wt and LE/orl fetal gubernacula were compared using micropipette aspiration. <b>Results:</b> AR is expressed in the nucleus of mesenchymal core, tip and cord cells of the embryonic (E) day 17 and 21 fetal gubernaculum, and is enhanced by DHT in primary cultures of gubernacular mesenchymal cells. Enhanced AR expression at the tip was observed in LE/wt but not LE/orl gubernacula. In <i>in vitro</i> studies of whole mount fetal gubernaculum, DHT did not alter muscle fiber morphology, HA content or GAG production. Progressive swelling with reduced cellular density of the LE/wt gubernaculum at E19-21 was associated with increased central stiffness in LE/wt but not in LE/orl fetuses. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data confirm nuclear AR expression in gubernacular mesenchyme with distal enhancement at the tip/cord region in LE/wt but not LE/orl rat fetuses. DHT enhanced cellular AR expression but had no major effects on muscle morphology or matrix composition in the rat fetal gubernaculum <i>in vitro</i>. Regional increased stiffness and decreased cell density between E19 and E21 were observed in LE/wt but not LE/orl fetal gubernacula. Developmental differences in cell-specific AR expression in LE/orl fetal gubernacula may contribute to the dysmorphism and aberrant function that underlies cryptorchidism susceptibility in this strain.
Control of particle morphology and film structures of carboxylated poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly (<i>n</i>‐butylacrylate) composite latex particles (2003)

Abstract Particles with a hard core of 66% poly(methyl methacrylate)/34% poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) copolymer and a soft shell of pure poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) were synthesized via a two‐stage emulsion polymerization process. The particle morphology and the surface structure of the dispersion films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results, concerning single particle structure and the corresponding films, are correlated to macroscopic properties similar to the minimum expected from the kinetic side. The different morphologies are compared to the findings reported in a previous article, where the corresponding soft‐core/hard‐shell dispersions were analyzed (Kirsch et al. Colloid Surf A 2001, 183–185, 725). The key parameters to tailor the particle morphology are thermodynamic factors, for example: (i) the stage ratio and (ii) the phase compatibility and kinetic factors affecting the polymer chain mobility (e.g., cross‐linking and polymer glass transition temperature). In this work, we used a core material which is in the glassy state at room temperature, however, above the polymer glass temperature ( T g ) at polymerization temperature. The diffusion of the second‐stage polymer chains is therefore strongly affected. From this point of view, the major influence for the current system is expected from the kinetic side. The different morphologies of the single particles are discussed qualitatively and the effects of reaction parameters and our results from previous work are compared to the results of computer simulation work and other results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2610–2623, 2004
Paired bone marrow and peripheral blood samples demonstrate lack of widespread dissemination of some CH clones (2022)

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) represents clonal expansion of mutated hematopoietic stem cells detectable in the peripheral blood or bone marrow through next generation sequencing. The current prevailing model posits that CH mutations detected in the peripheral blood mirror bone marrow mutations with clones widely disseminated across hematopoietic compartments. We sought to test the hypothesis that all clones are disseminated throughout hematopoietic tissues by comparing CH in hip vs peripheral blood specimens collected at the time of hip replacement surgery. Here, we show that patients with osteoarthritis have a high prevalence of CH, which involve genes encoding epigenetic modifiers and DNA damage repair pathway proteins. Importantly, we illustrate that CH, including clones with variant allele frequencies >10%, can be confined to specific bone marrow spaces and may be eliminated through surgical excision. Future work will define whether clones with somatic mutations in particular genes or clonal fractions of certain sizes are either more likely to be localized or are slower to disseminate into the peripheral blood and other bony sites.
Standardization of Clinical Competency Evaluation in the Education of Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists – Establishment of an OSCE Compliant Education System – (2013)

[Purpose] This study investigated the progress of standardization of “clinical competencies evaluation with definition” in the education of physical therapists and occupational therapists by searching for relevancies between performance in Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), university and practical training. [Subjects and Methods] Subjects were 227 students who graduated between 2007 and 2009, and 174 students who graduated between 2010 and 2011. For data analyses, comparisons among different timings of practical training as well as between before and after reform of the OSCE compliant education system were performed. In addition, relationships among different timings of practical training with performance were also examined. [Results] Because of reform of OSCE compliant education system, performance in practical training (attitude, skills, knowledge) generally improved. Moreover, relationships between the performances in OSCEs and practical training became higher each year. [Conclusion] We would like to promote standardization of the clinical techniques for postgraduate education aiming to further extend the OSCE compliant education system.
How active are young cardiac device patients? Objective assessment of activity in children with cardiac devices (2017)

These results provide the first baseline data of physical activity in children with implanted cardiac devices and provide a clinical guide to physical activity assessment in this population. Further, our data suggest physical activity in children with implantable cardiac devices may differ based on demographic variables, device type, device location, indication for implantation, and history of ICD shock.
A piezoresistive tactile sensor for tissue characterization during catheter‐based cardiac surgery (2011)

Abstract Background Currently, most of mitral valve annuloplasty surgeries are performed by using open heart surgery. However, if such operation would be performed by using minimally invasive surgery via catheter‐based techniques (CBT), it offers various advantages for both surgeons and patients. Methods Two piezoresistive force sensors are used in the structure of the tactile sensor, which can easily be miniaturized and integrated into surgical catheters. The tactile sensor was fabricated and tested to characterize different elastomers, as the phantom of cardiac tissues. Based on a developed finite element analysis (FEA) of the elastomers, the interaction between the sensor and those materials were modelled to validate the output of the sensor. Results The results of the mechanical and psychophysical tests confirm the capability of the proposed sensor to measure the relative hardness/softness of different soft tissues. Conclusions The proposed tactile sensor will help surgeons to characterize different types of cardiac tissues and would facilitate the use of CBT to perform mitral valve annuloplasty. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Co-designed HW/SW Approach to General Purpose Program Acceleration Using a Programmable Functional Unit (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel programmable functional unit (PFU) to accelerate general purpose application execution on a modern out-of-order x86 processor in a complexity-effective way. Code is transformed and instructions are generated that run on the PFU using a co-designed virtual machine (Cd-VM). Groups offrequently executed micro-operations (micro-ops) are identified and fused into a macro-op (MOP) by the Cd-VM. The MOPs are executed on PFU. Results presented in this paper show that this HW/SW co-designed approach produces average speedups in performance of 17% in SPECFP and 10% in SPECINT, and up-to 33\%, over modern out-of-order processor. Moreover, we also show that the proposed scheme not only out-performs dynamic vectorization using SIMD accelerators but also outperforms an 8-wide issue out-of-order processor.
Plasma Neuregulin 1 as a Synaptic Biomarker in Alzheimer’s Disease. (2022)

Abstract Background: Synaptic dysfunction is an early core feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), closely associatedwith cognitive symptoms. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a growth and differentiation factor with a key role in the development and maintenance of synaptic transmission. Previous reports have shown that changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NRG1 concentrationare associated with cognitive status and biomarker evidence of AD pathology. Plasma biomarkers reflecting synaptic impairment would be of great clinical interest. Objective : To measure plasma NRG1 concentration in AD patientsin comparison with other neurodegenerative disorders and neurological controls (NC)and to study its association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) core AD and synaptic biomarkers. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 127 participants including patients with AD at mild cognitive impairment stage (AD-MCI, n=27) and at dementia stage (n=35), non-AD dementia (n=26, Aβ-negative), non-AD MCI (n=19) and neurological controls (n=20). Plasma and CSF NRG1, as well as CSF core AD biomarkers (Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio, phospho-tau and total tau), were measured using ELISA. CSF synaptic markers were measured using ELISA for GAP-43 and neurogranin and through immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry for SNAP-25. Results: Plasma NRG1 concentration was higher in AD-MCI and AD dementia patients compared with neurological controls (respectively P= 0.005 and P &lt;0.001). Plasma NRG1 differentiated AD MCI patients from neurological controls with an area under the curve of 88.3%, and AD dementia patients from NC with an area under the curve of 87.3%. Plasma NRG1 correlated with CSF NRG1 (β=0.372, P =0.0056, adjusted on age and sex). Plasma NRG1 was associated with AD CSF core biomarkers in the whole cohort and in Aβ-positive patients (β=-0.197- 0.423). Plasma NRG1 correlated with CSF GAP-43, neurogranin and SNAP-25 (β=0.278-0.355). Plasma NRG1 concentration correlated inversely with MMSE in the whole cohort and in Aβ-positive patients (all, β=-0.188, P =0.038; Aβ+: β=-0.255, P =0.038). Conclusion: Plasma NRG1concentration is increased in AD patients and correlates with CSF core AD and synaptic biomarkers, and cognitive status. Thus, plasma NRG1 is a promising non-invasive biomarker to monitor synaptic impairment in AD.
ChemInform Abstract: ALLYLIC ALKYLATION‐ PREPARATION OF Π‐ALLYLPALLADIUM COMPLEXES FROM OLEFINS (1978)

Abstract Die Allyl‐Alkylierung erfordert eine Aktivierung der Allyl‐C‐H‐Bindung und die Bildung einer C‐C‐Bindung.
Große Bedeutung einer unabhängigen klinischen Forschung für die Evaluation neuer Therapieverfahren (2013)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Tritium decontamination of TFTR D-T graphite tiles employing ultra violet light and a Nd:YAG laser (2003)

The use of an ultra violet light source (wavelength=172 nm) and a Nd:YAG laser for the decontamination of TFTR D-T tiles will be investigated at PPPL. The development of this form of tritium decontamination may be useful for future D-T burning fusion devices which employ carbon plasma facing components on the first wall. Carbon tiles retain hydrogen isotopes, and the in-situ tritium decontamination of carbon can be extremely important in maintaining resident in-vessel tritium inventory to a minimum. A test chamber has been designed and fabricated at PPPL. The chamber has the ability to be maintained under vacuum, be baked to 200/spl deg/C. and provides sample ports for gas analyses. Tiles from TFTR that have been exposed to D-T plasmas will be placed within the chamber and exposed to either UV light source or the ND:YAG Laser. The experiment will determine the effectiveness of these two techniques for the removal of tritium. In addition, exposure rates and scan times for the UV light source and/or Nd:YAG laser will be determined for tritium removal optimization from D-T tiles.
Periodontal Disease Increases the Risk of Preterm Delivery Among Preeclamptic Women (2002)

These results suggest that mothers with preeclampsia may be at greater risk for preterm delivery if periodontal disease is present early in pregnancy or progresses during pregnancy.
Supplementary Video 1 from Antitumor Activity and Mechanistic Characterization of APE1/Ref-1 Inhibitors in Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Video of caspase 3 activity used to capture images used in quantification of caspase activation, indicating apoptosis induction. Representative video of UC3 cells treated with DMSO control red dye by itself, Duration of the video is the 72 hour duration of the experiment, as quantified and shown in Figure 2. Representative stills are shown in supplementary figure 3.&lt;/p&gt;
Crack Growth Rate Measurement and Analysis for WLCSP Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints (2005)

ABSTRACT Thermal cycle fatigue models for lead free solder joints are still in their infancy. Most of these models can predict fatigue life under specific conditions. A more general model requires a fundamental investigation of the phenomena. While some published data on the constitutive behaviour of lead free solder alloys exists and while several empirical models are available for the fatigue life prediction based on finite element inelastic strain analysis, there has been very little focus of measuring the actual crack growth rates in solder joints during thermal cycling. In this paper we have attempted to measure crack growth rates in Sn/Ag/Cu solder joints subjected to thermal cycling with dye penetration tests and crack area image analysis. The devices used were stiff wafer level CSP's which were daisy chained for in-situ electrical monitoring. The solder joints were ∼0.2 mm in height. The crack growth rate measurements have been conducted for 3 temperature profiles, −40°C to +125°C, 0°C to +100°C and −65°C to +100°C with a frequency of 1 cycle per hour, resulting in an estimated strain range of 0.01 to 0.1. For each imposed strain value, a total of 8 joints were analyzed. In all the test conditions, increase in crack area was observed to be a linear function of number of thermal cycles while crack initiation was observed at less than 5% of the total fatigue life. We have correlated the crack growth rate results with the average inelastic strain and strain energy density accumulated in a single cycle with the help of finite element analysis.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Sulphonation Nitration Nitrosation Azo Coupling Halogenation Metal Cleavage Metallation Reactions Friedel—Crafts and Related Reactions Hydrogen Exchange Miscellaneous Reactions
Diagnostische und interventionelle Abdomensonographie (2012)

Die konventionelle B-Bild- und Farbdopplersonographie des Abdomens ist nach Anamnese, korperlichem Untersuchungsbefund und Labordiagnostik in der Regel das erste bildgebende Verfahren, das in der Inneren Medizin eingesetzt wird. Aufgrund der einfachen Durchfuhrbarkeit und guten Beurteilbarkeit intraabdomineller Organe ist die Abdomensonographie in viele aktuelle S3-Leitlinien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) aufgenommen worden.
The Role of Surface Functionality on Acute Cytotoxicity, ROS Generation and DNA Damage by Cationic Gold Nanoparticles (2010)

A poisoned chalice? Surface functionalization of 2 nm gold nanoparticles is an important determinant of their acute toxicity and genotoxicity. These attributes need to be considered for their use as carriers, and provide new direction for the design of therapeutics. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Wide-Area GPS Time Monitoring Against Spoofing Using Belief Propagation (2019)

A wide-area time authentication algorithm is proposed to compute the Global Positioning System (GPS) timing that is resilient against spoofing attacks. The considered wide-area network consists of multiple GPS receiving systems, each comprising of the innovative distributed multiple directional antennas (DMDA) setup triggered via a common clock.Based on the communication infrastructure of the grid, the single-difference pseudorange residuals across the antennas are processed using the wide-area belief propagation-based extended Kalman filter (BP-EKF) algorithm in a distributed manner. To detect spoofing, a KL-divergence-based threshold is used to estimate the dissimilarity in the antenna-specific timing errors. Thereafter, the pseudoranges are corrected using the BP estimates of timing error and processed via adaptive EKF to compute the GPS timing, which is given to the phasor measurement units (PMUs). We have demonstrated the successfully detection and mitigation of the external timing attack, by subjecting one receiving system to a simulated meaconing attack that induces a 60 micro second time delay. Thereafter, by analyzing the voltage stability index of a critical node in the simulated grid, we have also validated the compliance of the proposed wide-area BP-EKF estimated timing with the IEEE-C37.118 standards.
Detection of Bleeding in Injured Femoral Arteries With Contrast-Enhanced Sonography (2006)

Contrast-enhanced sonography may provide an effective method for detecting arterial bleeding.
When BDDs Fail: Conformance Testing with Symbolic Execution and SMT Solving (2010)

Model-based testing is a well known technique that allows one to validate the correctness of software with respect to its model. If a lot of data is involved, symbolic techniques usually outperform explicit data enumeration. In this paper, we focus on a new symbolic test case generation technique. Our approach is based on symbolic execution and on satisfiability (modulo theory; SMT) solving. Our work was motivated by the complete failure of a well-known existing symbolic test case generator to produce any test cases for an industrial Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation. Hence, we have replaced the BDD-based analysis of the existing tool with a combination of symbolic execution and SMT solving. Our new tool generates the test cases for SIP in seconds. However, further experiments showed that our approach is not a substitutive but a complementary approach: we present the technique and the results obtained for two protocol specifications, the first supporting our new technique, the second being witness for the classic BDD-technique.
Do Radiologists Have Stage Fright? Tumor Staging and How We Can Add Value to the Care of Patients with Cancer (2015)

With current shifts in our health care system and a growing national discussion around the concept of the value of imaging, it is time for radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians to recognize and accept our role in the multidisciplinary oncology team.
&lt;title&gt;Fluorescence detection of camptothecin anticancer drugs by two-photon excitation&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

Hycamtin is a camptothecin anticancer analogue containing a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 9 and a hydroxy functionality at position 10. Using an excitation wavelength of 800 nm we have compared the two-photon cross sections and excited-state lifetimes from several camptothecins in phosphate buffered saline solution with and without the presence of human serum albumin (HSA). Drug and HSA concentrations of 10 (mu) M and 46 (mu) M were employed in our studies. In phosphate buffered saline solution containing HSA the following excited-state lifetimes (ns) and two- photon cross-sections (10<SUP>-50</SUP> cm<SUP>4</SUP> s/photon), respectively, were determined: hycamtin (4.3 nm, 36); camptothecin (1.3 ns, 1); 7-t-butyldimethylsilyl-10- hydroxycamptothecin (1.7 ns, 3.7); 7-t-butyldimethylsilyl- camptothecin (1.9 ns, 1.9); 7-trimethylsilyl-10- aminocamptothecin (6.3 ns; 35); and 7-trimethylsilyl-10- hydroxycamptothecin (1.8 ns; 2.2). Our results indicate that Hycamtin exhibits a high cross-section relative to the parent camptothecin molecule and represents one of the best camptothecin analogues to detect using two-photon excitation. Hycamtin was detected at concentrations as low as 0.05 (mu) M and 1 (mu) M in plasma and whole blood, respectively. The newly synthesized analogue 7- trimethylsilyl-10-aminocamptothecin was found to display similar lifetime and two-photon cross section values relative to Hycamtin. Thus, fluorescence detection with two- photon excitation may prove to be of advantage in the development of this promising new experimental therapeutic.