gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The application of local hypobaric pressure — A novel means to enhance macromolecule entry into the skin (2016)

The local application of controlled hypobaric stress represents a novel means to facilitate drug delivery into the skin. The aims of this work were to understand how hypobaric stress modified the properties of the skin and assess if this penetration enhancement strategy could improve the percutaneous penetration of a macromolecule. Measurements of skin thickness demonstrated that the topical application of hypobaric stress thinned the tissue (p<0.05), atomic force microscopy showed that it shrunk the corneocytes in the stratum corneum (p<0.001) and the imaging of the skin hair follicles using multiphoton microscopy showed that it opened the follicular infundibula (p<0.001). Together, these changes contributed to a 19.6-fold increase in in vitro percutaneous penetration of a 10,000 molecular weight dextran molecule, which was shown using fluorescence microscopy to be localized around the hair follicles, when applied to the skin using hypobaric stress. In vivo, in the rat, a local hemodynamic response (i.e. a significant increase in blood flow, p<0.001) was shown to contribute to the increase in follicular transport of the dextran to produce a systemic absorption of 7.2±2.81fg·mL(-1). When hypobaric stress was not applied to the rat there was no detectable absorption of dextran and this provided evidence that this novel penetration enhancement technique can improve the percutaneous penetration of macromolecules after topical application to the skin.
Regulation of defensive function on gingival epithelial cells can prevent periodontal disease (2017)

Periodontal disease is a bacterial biofilm-associated inflammatory disease that has been implicated in many systemic diseases. A new preventive method for periodontal disease needs to be developed in order to promote the health of the elderly in a super-aged society. The gingival epithelium plays an important role as a mechanical barrier against bacterial invasion and a part of the innate immune response to infectious inflammation in periodontal tissue. The disorganization of cell-cell interactions and subsequent inflammation contribute to the initiation of periodontal disease. These make us consider that regulation of host defensive functions, epithelial barrier and neutrophil activity, may become novel preventive methods for periodontal inflammation. Based on this concept, we have found that several agents regulate the barrier function of gingival epithelial cells and suppress the accumulation of neutrophils in the gingival epithelium. We herein introduce the actions of irsogladine maleate, azithromycin, amphotericin B, and <i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (dokudami in Japanese), which is commonly used in traditional medicine, on the epithelial barrier and neutrophil migration in gingival epithelial cells <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, in order to provide support for the clinical application of these agents to the prevention of periodontal inflammation.
Helix-Free Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals: Electro Optics and Possible Applications (2018)

This is a review of results from studying ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) of a new type developed for fast low-voltage displays and light modulators. These materials are helix-free FLCs, which are characterized by spatially periodic deformation of smectic layers and a small value of spontaneous polarization (less than 50 nC/cm2). The FLC director is reoriented due to the motion of solitons at the transition to the Maxwellian mechanism of energy dissipation. A theoretical model is proposed for describing the FLC deformation and director reorientation. The frequency and field dependences of the optical response time are studied experimentally for modulation of light transmission, scattering, and phase delay with a high rate. The hysteresis-free nature and smooth dependence of the optical response on the external electric field in the frequency range up to 6 kHz is demonstrated, as well as bistable light scattering with memorization of an optical state for a time exceeding the switching time by up to 6 orders of magnitude. Due to the spatially inhomogeneous light phase delay, the ability of a laser beam to cause interference is effectively suppressed. The fastest FLCs under study are compatible with 3D, FLC on Silicon (FLCoS), and Field Sequential Colors (FSC) technologies.
miR-200 Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Invasion and Metastasis by Targeting <i>Flt1/VEGFR1</i> (2010)

The microRNA-200 (miR-200) family is part of a gene expression signature that predicts poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. In a mouse model of K-ras/p53-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, miR-200 levels are suppressed in metastasis-prone tumor cells, and forced miR-200 expression inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, but the miR-200 target genes that drive lung tumorigenesis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we scanned the genome for putative miR-200 binding sites and found them in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of 35 genes that are amplified in human cancer. Mining of a database of resected human lung adenocarcinomas revealed that the levels of one of these genes, Flt1/VEGFR1, correlate inversely with duration of survival. Forced miR-200 expression suppressed Flt1 levels in metastasis-prone lung adenocarcinoma cells derived from K-ras/p53-mutant mice, and negatively regulated the Flt1 3'-UTR in reporter assays. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) isolated from murine lung adenocarcinomas secreted abundant VEGF and enhanced tumor cell invasion in coculture studies. CAF-induced tumor cell invasion was abrogated by VEGF neutralization or Flt1 knockdown in tumor cells. Flt1 knockdown decreased the growth and metastasis of tumor cells in syngeneic mice. We conclude that miR-200 suppresses lung tumorigenesis by targeting Flt1.
Four-wave mixing in hybrid InGaP on SOI multimodal nanocavities (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Resonant four-wave-mixing in microcavities has recently proven to be particularly interesting for obtaining ultra-efficient nonlinear wavelength conversion, parametric and frequency combs generation. Contrarily to the commonly used microring or whispering gallery mode cavities, photonic crystal nanocavities have not revealed yet their full potential in this direction. Despite their high-Q and ultra-small modal volume, they are not evidently suited for resonant four wave mixing as they do not naturally exhibit modes at equally spaced frequencies, a necessary condition for energy conservation. In this work, we designed and fabricated 1D photonic crystal nanobeam cavities which exhibit ultra- high Q modes around 1.55µm equally spaced in frequency. These nanocavities are made of InGaP material bonded on top of a SOI waveguide optical circuitry. The evanescent wave coupling between the cavities and the waveguides can be controlled at will by changing the SOI waveguide width. The large electronic bandgap of InGaP inhibits 2 photon absorption at 1.55µm and allows us to exploit pure Kerr nonlinearity. The electromagnetic potential inside the cavity is shaped to be spatially parabolic by engineering the hole position along the cavity. Thus, by construction the resonant modes supported by the cavity are equispaced in frequency. The measured loaded Q factors exceed 105 and the free spectral range (FSR) goes from 150GHz to 1THz depending on the size of the cavity. We demonstrate that the FSR remains quasi constant (flat dispersion). Four wave mixing and parametric generation is observed using CW pump power of few mWs.
Applying wavefront sensors and corneal topography to keratoconus. (2002)

We report preliminary results from a study to create custom optics (contact lenses) for persons with the eye disease Keratoconus. Custom optics are intended to correct for higher order aberrations which cannot currently be corrected with conventional contact lenses. A lens design algorithm has been developed that utilizes both wavefront sensor data and corneal topography data. The lenses will be formed from thick, pre-fabricated soft contact lenses using laser ablation. Preliminary ablation of these lenses is demonstrated using a femptosecond Ti: Sapphire (Ti:Al2O3) laser system.
CELLFOOD™ induces apoptosis in human mesothelioma and colorectal cancer cells by modulating p53, c-myc and pAkt signaling pathways (2014)

These findings ascertained an interaction between p53, c-myc, p21, p27, Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt pathway, and CF-induced apoptosis in MSTO-211H and HCT-116 cells, suggesting that CF acts as an important regulator of cell growth in human cancer cell lines. CF could be a useful nutraceutical intervention for prevention in colon cancer and mesothelioma.
Valmet papermachine for Pratt industries (2014)

Valmet will supply the Papermachine for the new Pratt Industries Mill under construction at Valparaiso, Indiana, USA. It is understood be the first Metso/Valmet machine to be supplied to a Pratt Group papermill, which currently operates eight machines at five sites in Australia as Visy Pulp and Paper, and three machines at three sites in the USA under Pratt Industries.
Trichloromethylquinolines: Synthesis and reaction with trimethyl phosphite. (1981)

Heating of methylquinolines (1, 3, 6, and 12) with phosphorus pentachloride in phosphoryl chloride gave the corresponding trichloromethylquinoline derivatives (2, 4, 9, and 14). Similar treatment of 4-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitroquinoline (16) gave 4-chloro-2-dichloromethyl-3-nitroquinoline (17), 4-chloro-3-nitro-2-trichloromethylquinoline (18), and 3, 4-dichloro-2-cyanoquinoline (19). The reaction of 2-trichloromethylquinolines (2, 9, and 18) with trimethyl phosphite gave the corresponding methylated products, 2-(1, 1-dichloroethyl) quinolines (21, 24, and 27). However, 4-trichloromethylquinolines (4 and 14) reacted with trimethyl phosphite under similar conditions to give 4-dichloromethylquinolines (23 and 13).
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism of In<sub>5</sub>S<sub>5</sub>Cl — X‐Ray and HRTEM‐Investigations. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Numerical Modeling of Microfluidic Two-Phase Electrohydrodynamic Instability (2008)

Organic-aqueous liquid (phenol) extraction is one of many standard techniques to efficiently purify DNA directly from cells. Effective dispersion of one fluid phase in the other increases the surface area over which biological component partitioning may occur, and hence enhances DNA extraction efficiency. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) instability can be harnessed to achieve this goal and has been experimentally demonstrated by one of the co-authors (JDZ). In this work, analysis and simulation are combined to study two-phase EHD instability. In the problem configuration, the organic (phenol) phase flows into the microchannel in parallel with and sandwiched between two aqueous streams, creating a three-layer planar geometry; the two liquid phases are immiscible. An electric field is applied to induce instability and to break the organic stream into droplets. The Taylor-Melcher leaky-dielectric model is employed to investigate this phenomenon. A linear analysis is carried out with a Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method, whereas a fully nonlinear numerical simulation is implemented using a finite volume, immersed boundary method (IBM). The results from both models compare favorably with each other. The linear analysis reveals basic instability characteristics such as kink and sausage modes. On the other hand, the nonlinear simulation predicts surface deformation in the strongly nonlinear regime pertinent to droplet formation. These numerical tools will be used to investigate the effects of the applied electric field, geometry, and convective flow rate on mixing and dispersion. The eventual objective is to maximize surface area of the organic phase under given experimental conditions for optimized DNA extraction.
Calculation of the Circular Dichroism of Chironomus Hemoglobin in the Light of the Quality of Its X-Ray Structure (1978)

For the larval hemoglobin III of the insect Chironomus thummi thummi, the rotational strength of the B (Soret) and Q band is calculated with a monopole/monopole and a dipole/dipole approximation applied to the atomic co-ordinates of the X-ray structures at 2.5 and 1.4 A resolution. In previous calculations using the 2.5 A co-ordinates and with perturbing groups being restricted to aromatic side-chains, the dipole/dipole approximation clearly confirmed the negative sign observed by experiment. The predominant interactions were those of phenylalanine residues. Recalculation with X-ray data refined to the present limits of performance corroborates the negativity of the rotational strength, but now the most important contributions are due to the peptide bonds formerly neglected. Also for the 2.5 A coordinates it is learned that in contrast to earlier expectation the influence of the backbone in this hemoglobin is rather strong. A substantial contribution is further obtained for the perturbation by one of the propionic acid carboxylate groups of the heme. Perspectives and problems of the approach are outlined.
Inactivation of Coxsackievirus B4, Feline Calicivirus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Unexpected Virucidal Effect of a Disinfectant on a Non-Enveloped Virus Applied onto a Surface (2013)

A non-enveloped virus, FCV, applied on a surface, but not in suspension, was inactivated by a quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant. The resistance of viruses applied onto a surface to the effect of disinfectants should be investigated further.
Inside Front Cover: Direct Patterning, Conformal Coating, and Erbium Doping of Luminescent nc‐Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films from Solution Processable Hydrogen Silsesquioxane (Adv. Mater. 21/2007) (2007)

Abstract Patterned nanostructure arrays of luminescent, oxide‐embedded silicon nanocrystals (nc‐Si) are formed by reductively thermally processing e‐beam patterns of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ). While traditionally employed as a negative type e‐beam resist, HSQ is shown to produce thin films, non‐flat conformal coatings, and sub‐10 nm structures that contain luminescent nc‐Si. The variety of morphologies (structures) that can be produced by this method highlights the versatility of HSQ as a nc‐Si precursor, report Jonathan Veinot and co‐workers from the University of Alberta, Canada on p. 3513.
PHASE 1, DOSE-RANGING STUDY OF EMIXUSTAT HYDROCHLORIDE (ACU-4429), A NOVEL VISUAL CYCLE MODULATOR, IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS (2013)

Oral emixustat was safe and well tolerated when administered once daily for 14 days with minimal systemic adverse events reported. These data support evaluation of emixustat in subjects with geographic atrophy associated with dry age-related macular degeneration.
[The use of monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin peptides for the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma of the skin]. (1991)

25 skin basaliomas were studied immunohistochemically using 6 different monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to the low-molecular cytokeratins N 8, 18 (according to Moll's catalog) as well as to the cytokeratins N 1, 2, 9, 10, 11 and N 17. Prekeratin N 17 was found in all tumours while cytokeratin N 18 was found in no tumour. Prekeratin N 8 was expressed in 24% of tumours. MAB EE 21-06 to the cytokeratin N 1, 2, 9, 10, 11 are reactive with tumour cells in 20% of cases. Basalioma cells (apart from trichobasalioma) did not react with MAB G 36-19. These results suggest a dissimilar origin of basaliomas and may help in the differential diagnosis of the skin malignant tumours.
Macrophage functional maturation and cytokine production are impaired in C/EBPε-deficient mice (2002)

Members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family are involved in the regulation of cellular differentiation and function of many tissues. Unlike the other members of the family, C/EBP epsilon expression is restricted to granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. C/EBP epsilon is highly conserved between human and rodents and is essential for terminal granulopoiesis in both species. To study the role that C/EBP epsilon plays in macrophages, wild-type and C/EBP epsilon-deficient (-/-) murine macrophages obtained from thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal lavages and differentiated bone marrow cells were compared. Although macrophage development occurred in both types of mice, the C/EBP epsilon -/- cells had a lower expression of macrophage markers and a morphologic and ultrastructural appearance of immaturity. Phagocytic function, measured by calculating the percentage of internalized opsonized fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled yeast, was significantly impaired in the C/EBP epsilon -/- macrophages compared with their wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, the differential expression of 26 macrophage-specific genes between wild-type and C/EBP-/- mice was analyzed. A subset of genes involved in differentiation, immune, and inflammatory responses was found down-regulated in the C/EBP-/- macrophages. Taken together, this study implicates the C/EBP epsilon gene as an important transcription factor required for normal function and development of macrophages.
iPass: an incentive compatible auction scheme to enable packet forwarding service in MANET (2004)

In a public mobile ad hoc network (MANET), users may be selfish and refuse to forward packets for other users. Therefore, an incentive mechanism must be in place. We adopt the "pay for service" model of cooperation, and propose an auction-based incentive scheme (called iPass) to enable cooperative packet forwarding behavior in MANET. Each flow pays the market price of packet forwarding service to the intermediate routers. The resource allocation mechanism in our scheme is based on the generalized Vickrey auction with reserve pricing. We prove that in our scheme, user's truthful bidding of utility remains a dominant strategy, users and routers have incentive to participate in the scheme, and packet forwarding always leads to higher social welfare for the whole network. We design a signaling protocol to implement the scheme, and show that it can serve as an explicit rate-based flow control mechanism for the network. Therefore, iPass is a joint solution of incentive engineering and flow control in a noncooperative MANET. Simulation results show that iPass is able to determine the auction outcome quickly, and at the same time achieve the goals of flow control.
Detritiation of the JET Carbon Tiles by Flame Heating (2005)

Operation with tritium plasma led to contamination of the JET in-vessel components with tritium at a level exceeding 12kBq/g, which is the Low Level Waste (LLW) threshold in the UK. Carbon tiles used at JET for protecting the pumped divertor and inner wall against heat and neutron flux create one of the Intermediate Level Waste (ILW) streams to deal with during the JET decommissioning in the future. To reduce quantity and cost of ILW disposal from JET, the study has been initiated for development of detritiation techniques. This paper presents a brief description of the study of the JET carbon tiles detritiation using flame heating.
Study Design and Baseline Characteristics of the INFORMS Study: Fingolimod in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (P07.116) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: Describe the INFORMS study design and baseline data.
Proposal for using Sine With Dwell on low friction for the evaluation of yaw stability for heavy vehicle combinations (2008)

This paper proposes how the test case Sine With Dwell could be modified for the evaluation of yaw stability of heavy vehicles. The test case was originally proposed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) for evaluation of Electronic Stability Programs (ESP) performance during an oversteer situation on high friction. The modified test case presented here accounts for the heavy vehicle dynamics through three main modifications of the original test case. Firstly, to avoid rollover, the test case is performed on low friction. Secondly, to avoid excess understeer behaviour, the steering input frequency is lowered compared to the original test. Thirdly, to account for response times, the responsiveness and stability criteria are modified. These modifications are derived from hardware in the loop simulations and field tests for different tractor/truck and trailer combinations. By using the modified responsiveness and stability criteria it was shown that the tested ESP system could be objectively evaluated. A clear improvement on vehicle stability was seen in the results when ESP was used.
Do We Understand the Volatility of Ionic Liquids? (2007)

The volatile nature of ionic liquids: Ionic liquids are recognized as “green” solvents because of their essentially null volatility. Ironically, it is the low vapor pressure, the large enthalpy of vaporization, and the high boiling point of ionic liquids that make it difficult to study their macroscopic behavior at a molecular level. Recent studies, however, have shed light on their thermochemical properties (picture: snapshot of an ionic liquid from molecular dynamics simulations).
IEEE CE Society Attends OpenFog Members Meeting at Princeton University [Society News] (2016)

Presents recent events and activities of the CE Society.
Influence of a Very Efficient Back Reflectors on the Quantum Efficiency of Solar Cells (2016)

Very reflective back side reflectors directly below the active region of a solar cell alter the photon absorption and carrier collection dynamics in a manner that can be exploited for enhanced efficiency. The enlarged optical path increases the short circuit current, and the confinement and (re)absorption of the photoluminescence leads to a higher open circuit voltage through the photon recycling effect, which is critical in radiative limited solar cells. Furthermore, interesting features arise in the experimental external and internal quantum efficiencies (EQE and IQE) for solar cells with such reflective back side reflectors. This includes an increase in EQE magnitude compared to cells on absorptive substrates, and an extension of the IQE edge towards longer wavelengths. The former characteristic is due to an increased photon path length in the active region, which is a consequence of the high reflection occurring in the back side. The latter, however, is not a real feature of the interaction between the light and the solar cell materials, but a consequence of the way the IQE is defined and calculated. The resulting separation of the IQE and EQE near the bandedge of the solar cell thus questions the concurrent definitions for the IQE commonly referred to in the literature, which is clarified in this work. The influence of the definition of quantum efficiency in the material diffusion length extraction is also discussed.
Deflazacort versus methylprednisolone in polymyalgia rheumatica: clinical equivalence and relative antiinflammatory potency of different treatment regimens. (1995)

The 2 dose regimens, 6-methylprednisolone and deflazacort showed no significant differences in terms of efficacy during the short term treatment of PMR. Deflazacort proved less potent than initially estimated.
Grass‐specific <scp>CD</scp>4<sup>+</sup> T‐cells exhibit varying degrees of cross‐reactivity, implications for allergen‐specific immunotherapy (2014)

Our results suggest that not all Pooideae grass epitopes with sequence homology are cross-reactive. Non-cross-reactive T-cells with comparable frequency, phenotype and functionality to Phl p-specific T-cells suggest that a multiple allergen system should be considered for immunotherapy instead of a mono-allergen system.