gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Label-free assessment of hiPS-derived hepatocytes by Raman microscopy (2022)

One major obstacle hampering the utilization of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) derived cells from bench to bedside is the safety concern of residual undifferentiated hiPS cells. To ensure the clinical use of differentiated cells, a method which can monitor the regenerative processes and assess the cell population without harming and modifying those cells is very critical in this field. Raman microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool in label-free observation and discrimination of cell types without external labels. Cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation all trigger molecular changes that can be detected via Raman, enabling non-destructive characterization of cell and tissue constructs. By using Raman microscopy, we are aiming at establishing a non-invasive and quantitative evaluation method to monitor hepatic differentiation. In the future, this technique would be an invaluable tool in the quality control and safety assessment of hiPS-derived cell products.
Detection and Recognition of Number Sequences in Spoken Utterances (2007)

In this paper we investigate the detection and recognition of sequences of numbers in spoken utterances. This is done in two steps: first, the entire utterance is decoded assuming that only numbers were spoken. In the second step, non-number segments (garbage) are detected based on word confidence measures. We compare this approach to conventional garbage models. Also, a comparison of several phone posterior based confidence measures is presented in this paper. The work is evaluated in terms of detection task (hit rate and false alarms) and recognition task (word accuracy) within detected number sequences. The proposed method is tested on German continuous spoken utterances where target content (numbers) is only 20\\%.
ISDN2014_0198: REMOVED: NGF activation of the integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling (INFS) mediates gene activation and cell differentiation (2015)

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal ) This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligonucleotide Phosphorofluoridates and ‐fluoridites. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nanolayered Co–Mo–S Catalysts for the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes (2017)

Nanolayered molybdenum disulfide cobalt-promoted materials (Co–Mo–S) have been established as chemoselective catalysts for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes under relatively mild conditions. Co–Mo–S catalysts have been prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis that allows the formation of unsupported catalysts with a large number of active sites per unit volume. Via application of these catalysts, the hydrogenation of the nitro functionality has been performed selectively in the presence of double and triple bonds, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid derivative groups, thus affording the corresponding anilines in good to excellent yields. Interestingly, the partial hydrogenation of some dinitroarenes has also been successfully accomplished. In addition, its catalytic performance has been evaluated for the preparation of the bioactive compound paracetamol through a one-pot direct hydrogenative amidation reaction.
Solubilization of heme proteins in low polar solvents by chemical modification on a protein's surface (2008)

Abstract The use of nonaqueous solvents in biocatalytic reactions has gained much attention. Especially, biocatalysis in ionic liquids (ILs) has been investigated by many researchers recently. In this study, we tried to solubilize proteins in low polar solvents including water‐immiscible ILs. The proteins cytochrome c (cyt. c ) and cytochrome P450 (P450) were chosen as model proteins. We used covalent modification with longer chain poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or with both PEO and a hydrophobic modifier ( n ‐hexylamine) to improve the solubility of proteins in low polar nonaqueous solvents. The chemically modified proteins were dissolved in chloroform and hydrophobic water‐immiscible ILs. PEO 150 /C 6 ‐cyt. c was slightly dissolved in chloroform. Alkyl amine modification of the carboxyl residues increased the solubility of PEO 150 ‐modified cyt. c in chloroform. Cyt. c modified with PEO 5000 is soluble in chloroform and low polar ILs. PEO 2000 /C 6 ‐modified P450st and PEO 5000 ‐modified P450st were dissolved in all low polar solvents used in this study. UV–Vis spectroscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy revealed the structure of chemically modified heme proteins in the nonaqueous solvents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The 1995-2018 Global Evolution of the Network of Amicable and Hostile\n Relations Among Nation-States (2020)

We draw on the data collected by the Integrated Crisis Early Warning System\non millions of international and regional public news stories, and this\nsystem's indicators of the orientation toward a specific nation-state. We\nconstruct the networks of international amicable and hostile relations among\nnation-states that occur in specific time-periods in order to study the global\nevolution of the network of such international appraisals. Our analysis\npresents evidence of an evolution of the structure of this network and a model\nof the probabilistic micro-dynamics of the alterations of international\nappraisals during the 1995-2018 span of the available data. Our research\nprovides empirical findings on long-standing debates in the interdisciplinary\nfield of work on Structural Balance Theory. Also remarkably, we find that the\ntrajectory of the Frobenius norm of sequential transition probabilities, which\ngovern the evolution of international appraisals among nations, dramatically\nstabilizes.\n
Trends in Superconducting Linear Electric Machines (2019)

Superconductivity is a state of matter that allows a constant flow of electrical current with little to no dissipation, provided that the working temperature T, applied magnetic field B, and current I are below a critical surface in a (T, B, I) space. The development of superconducting tapes and bulk materials has allowed the development of superconducting electrical devices that can outperform their counterparts made with copper wires. In this paper we introduce the substantial characteristics of superconductors and examine several applications of superconducting linear machines and their most recent developments. A classification of the machine design is given based on the use of superconducting DC or AC coils, bulk or stacked tapes.
Hearing preservation after intracochlear steroid injection using a cochlea-catheter directly before cochlea-implantation (2021)

Preservation of structure and residual hearing are among the most important challenges of today's and future cochlear implantation. In addition to atraumatic electrodes and an optimized surgical technique, there are also pharmacological approaches to achieve these goals. Problems of local application are the variable permeability of the round window membrane and the low diffusion within the cochlea. Special drug delivery procedures are needed to enable pharmacotherapy in apical regions and to preserve the low frequency residual hearing in the future. The application of a drug also in more apical regions can be achieved safely with a cochlear catheter.
SU-F-R-17: Advancing Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Recurrence Detection with MRI Image Texture Feature Extraction and Machine Learning (2016)

Purpose: To test the potential of early Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) recurrence detection utilizing image texture pattern analysis in serial MR images post primary treatment intervention. Methods: MR image-sets of six time points prior to the confirmed recurrence diagnosis of a GBM patient were included in this study, with each time point containing T1 pre-contrast, T1 post-contrast, T2-Flair, and T2-TSE images. Eight Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features including Contrast, Correlation, Dissimilarity, Energy, Entropy, Homogeneity, Sum-Average, and Variance were calculated from all images, resulting in a total of 32 features at each time point. A confirmed recurrent volume was contoured, along with an adjacent non-recurrent region-of-interest (ROI) and both volumes were propagated to all prior time points via deformable image registration. A support vector machine (SVM) with radial-basis-function kernels was trained on the latest time point prior to the confirmed recurrence to construct a model for recurrence classification. The SVM model was then applied to all prior time points and the volumes classified as recurrence were obtained. Results: An increase in classified volume was observed over time as expected. The size of classified recurrence maintained at a stable level of approximately 0.1 cm3 up to 272 days prior to confirmation. Noticeable volume increase to 0.44 cm3 was demonstrated at 96 days prior, followed by significant increase to 1.57 cm3 at 42 days prior. Visualization of the classified volume shows the merging of recurrence-susceptible region as the volume change became noticeable. Conclusion: Image texture pattern analysis in serial MR images appears to be sensitive to detecting the recurrent GBM a long time before the recurrence is confirmed by a radiologist. The early detection may improve the efficacy of targeted intervention including radiosurgery. More patient cases will be included to create a generalizable classification model applicable to a larger patient cohort. NIH R43CA183390 and R01CA188300.NSF Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-1144087
An Efficient Synthesis of 2'-O-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)biopterin (2008)

Abstract N 2 -( N , N -Dimethylaminomethylene)-3-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-1',2'-di- O -(trimethylsilyl)biopterin ( 4 ) was prepared from biopterin ( 1a , 86% overall yield) in 5 steps. Glycosylation of 4 with 1,2,3,5-tetra- O -acetyl-β-D-ribofuranose ( 5a ) and its 2,3,5-tri- O -benzoyl analog ( 5b ) respectively afforded the corresponding 2'- O -(2,3,5-tri- O acetyl- and 2,3,5-tri- O -benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)biopterin derivatives ( 6a , 42% and 6b , 60%) as major products. Removal of the protecting groups of 6b provided 2'- O -(β-D-ribofuranosyl)biopterin ( 1c , 87% overall yield) in 3 steps.
Measurements of mean flow and eddy transport over a film cooling surface (1996)

Results of an experimental study of the effects of blowing Velocity Ratio (VR = 0.5 and 1.0) and Free-Stream Turbulence Intensity (FSTI = 0.5% and 12%) on turbulent transport over a film-cooling test surface are presented. The surface has a single lateral row of streamwise-oriented holes angled 35{degree} from the surface and separated from one another by three hole diameters. The film cooling flow and mainstream flow are at the same temperature and the film cooling is supplied through long delivery tubes. Velocity, turbulence intensity and eddy transport profiles are presented. The ratios of lateral eddy diffusivity to wall-normal eddy diffusivity values measured in this program (4-15) provide documentation of strong anisotropy of eddy transport in the flow.
Increased centrosome number in <i>BRCA</i>‐related breast cancer specimens determined by immunofluorescence analysis (2018)

BRCA-related breast carcinoma can be prevented through prophylactic surgery and an intensive follow-up regimen. However, BRCA genetic tests cannot be routinely performed, and some BRCA mutations could not be defined as deleterious mutations or normal variants. Therefore, an easy functional assay of BRCA will be useful to evaluate BRCA status. As it has been reported that BRCA functions in the regulation of centrosome number, we focused on centrosome number in cancer tissues. Here, 70 breast cancer specimens with known BRCA status were analyzed using immunofluorescence of γ-tubulin (a marker of centrosome) foci. The number of foci per cell was higher in cases with BRCA mutation compared to wild-type cases, that is, 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-2.3) vs 0.5 (95% CI, 0.2-0.8) (P < .001). Specifically, foci numbers per cell in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation cases were 1.2 (95% CI, 0.6-1.8) and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.7-2.6), respectively, both higher than those in wild-type cases (P = .042 and P < .0001, respectively). The predictive value of γ-tubulin foci as determined by area under the curve (AUC = 0.86) for BRCA status was superior to BRCAPRO (AUC = 0.69), Myriad Table (AUC = 0.61), and KOHBRA BRCA risk calculator (AUC = 0.65) pretest values. The use of γ-tubulin foci to predict BRCA status had sensitivity = 83% (19/23), specificity = 89% (42/47), and positive predictive value = 77% (20/26). Thus, γ-tubulin immunofluorescence, a functional assessment of BRCA, can be used as a new prospective test of BRCA status.
ChemInform Abstract: Et<sub>3</sub>B‐Induced Hydrogermylation of Alkenes and Silyl Enol Ethers. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ZAP70 Expression Assessed by Immunohistochemistry on Peripheral Blood: A Simple Prognostic Assay for Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2007)

The somatic hypermutational (SHM) status of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable (IgVH) gene is a powerful prognostic factor in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, IgVH SHM analysis is not well-suited to routine use in the clinical diagnostic laboratory. ZAP70 expression is a potential surrogate for the absence of SHM. Given the current problems with the standardization of ZAP70 assessment by flow cytometry, we sought an alternative approach, using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The utility of IHC is largely restricted to tissues, precluding its routine application to most patients with CLL who are typically diagnosed based upon peripheral blood (PB) findings. Accordingly, we developed an IHC assay that can be performed on PB. Enriched PB mononuclear cells from 29 patients with CLL were analyzed for ZAP70 expression by IHC on paraffin-embedded cell blocks, using standard techniques. IgVH SHM analysis was performed on all cases, and clinical features recorded. Seventeen specimens (59%) were negative for ZAP70 expression and 12 (41%) were positive for ZAP70 expression. SHM was evident in 20 specimens (69%), and absent in 9 (31%). Seventy-six percent of the specimens (22/29) displayed "concordant" ZAP70 and SHM results, in that 15 (52%) were SHM-positive/ZAP70 negative, whereas 7 (24%) were SHM-negative/ZAP70 positive. ZAP70 expression in this small cohort correlated with poor clinical outcome. Importantly, IHC analysis of ZAP70 in PB is a simple, reliable, robust assay that may have a valuable role in the routine clinical laboratory assessment of patients with CLL.
Biologics in bone healing (2000)

Although most recent research efforts have focused on understanding and grasping the role of growth factors and their importance in fracture healing, understanding fracture healing patterns and sequences remains of vital importance because they allow us to further comprehend the mechanism and correlation between growth factors. We review the biology of fracture healing including the bone structure, cells involved in bone formation, fracture healing responses, sequence of fracture healing, and the effect of growth factors in fracture healing. We believe that even with the advent of new research into growth factors, understanding the basic principles of fracture healing may lead to more effective treatments for patients with fractures.
Assessment of CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) Systems (2018)

CPG systems have been compared with conventional hydrothermal power plants based on thermodynamic simulation calculations. Especially at moderate reservoir depths and permeabilities, significant performance benefits for CO2 system were observed which validates the results from literature.Considering the surface power plant layout a less complex CO2 cycle with less equipment and a smaller footprint in comparison to brine based systems can be derived.
Fluorescent xDNA nucleotides as efficient substrates for a template-independent polymerase (2010)

Template independent polymerases, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in particular, have been widely used in enzymatic labeling of DNA 3'-ends, yielding fluorescently-labeled polymers. The majority of fluorescent nucleotides used as TdT substrates contain tethered fluorophores attached to a natural nucleotide, and can be hindered by undesired fluorescence characteristics such as self-quenching. We previously documented the inherent fluorescence of a set of four benzo-expanded deoxynucleoside analogs (xDNA) that maintain Watson-Crick base pairing and base stacking ability; however, their substrate abilities for standard template-dependent polymerases were hampered by their large size. However, it seemed possible that a template-independent enzyme, due to lowered geometric constraints, might be less restrictive of nucleobase size. Here, we report the synthesis and study of xDNA nucleoside triphosphates, and studies of their substrate abilities with TdT. We find that this polymerase can incorporate each of the four xDNA monomers with kinetic efficiencies that are nearly the same as those of natural nucleotides, as measured by steady-state methods. As many as 30 consecutive monomers could be incorporated. Fluorescence changes over time could be observed in solution during the enzymatic incorporation of expanded adenine (dxATP) and cytosine (dxCTP) analogs, and after incorporation, when attached to a glass solid support. For (dxA)(n) polymers, monomer emission quenching and long-wavelength excimer emission was observed. For (dxC)(n), fluorescence enhancement was observed in the polymer. TdT-mediated synthesis may be a useful approach for creating xDNA labels or tags on DNA, making use of the fluorescence and strong hybridization properties of the xDNA.
Immunostimulatory properties of a novel adjuvant administered with inactivated influenza virus vaccine (2006)

The immunopotentiating activity of a new delivery system was investigated comparatively to Alhydrogel adjuvant, as an antiviral inactivated vaccine after one injection. The efficiency of the new formulation (BioMed) was evaluated with an inactivated porcine strain of influenza (A/Sw/IN/1726/88 H1N1) in the pig model. The first assessment criteria was the follow-up of selected immunological parameters such as, antibody levels, lymphoproliferation, double positive CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes and cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma). The second criteria was the estimate of the protection level of animals exposed to a homologous challenge of 50 PID50 one month after a single immunizing or control injection. In the BioMed group of animals, 4 pigs (out of 6) were free of macroscopic lesion, while lesions could be seen in all individuals of other groups and virus was isolated in only one animal, whereas all other animals of other groups had virus in their lungs. This better protection of BioMed animals seems to be correlated mainly with higher levels of antibodies and to a lesser extent with a slightly better CMI response and probably with the production of memory CD4+CD8+ T cells.
Electric vehicle energy consumption modelling and estimation—A case study (2020)

Electric vehicles (EVs) have a limited driving range compared to conventional vehicles. Accurate estimation of EV's range is therefore a significant need to eliminate “range anxiety” that refers to drivers' fear of running out of energy while driving. However, the range estimators used in the currently available EVs are not sufficiently accurate. To overcome this issue, more accurate range estimation techniques are investigated. Nonetheless, an accurate power-based EV energy consumption model is crucial to obtain a precise range estimation. This paper describes a study on EV energy consumption modelling. For this purpose, EV modelling is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software based on a real EV in the market, the BMW i3. The EV model includes vehicle powertrain system and longitudinal vehicle dynamics. The powertrain is modelled using efficiency maps of the electric motor and the power electronics' data available for BMW i3. It also includes a transmission and a battery model (ie, Thevenin equivalent circuit model). A driver model is developed as well to control the vehicle's speed and to represent human driver's behaviour. In addition, a regenerative braking strategy, based on a series brake system, is developed to model the behaviour of a real braking controller. Auxiliary devices are also included in the EV model to improve energy consumption estimation accuracy as they can have a significant impact on that. The vehicle model is validated against published energy consumption values that demonstrates a satisfactory level of accuracy with 2% to 6% error between simulation and experimental results for Environmental Protection Agency and NEDC tests.
Correction: Role of enhanced solubility in esterification of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with ethylene glycol at reduced temperatures: energy efficient synthesis of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (2019)

Correction for ‘Role of enhanced solubility in esterification of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with ethylene glycol at reduced temperatures: energy efficient synthesis of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)’ by Anup S. Joshi <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>React. Chem. Eng.</italic>, 2018, <bold>3</bold>, 447–453.
Platelet inhibition to target reperfusion injury trial: Rationale and study design (2018)

The aim of the PITRI trial is to assess whether cangrelor administered prior to reperfusion would reduce acute MI size and MVO, as assessed by CMR.
Mammalian‐Cell‐Driven Polymerisation of Pyrrole (2018)

A model cancer cell line was used to initiate polymerisation of pyrrole to form the conducting material polypyrrole. The polymerisation was shown to occur through the action of cytosolic exudates rather than that of the membrane redox sites that normally control the oxidation state of iron as ferricyanide or ferrocyanide. The data demonstrate for the first time that mammalian cells can be used to initiate synthesis of conducting polymers and suggest a possible route to detection of cell damage and/or transcellular processes through in situ and amplifiable signal generation.
Stable self trapping and ring formation in polydiacetylene para-toluene sulfonate (1996)

This paper reports numerical simulations of beam propagation in polydiacetylene para-toluene sulfonate (PTS), using measured values for n2 and n3, and demonstrates stable self-trapping and a new phenomenon in which a Gaussian input beam evolves into an expanding spatial ring and interprets these results in the context of the variational model of nonlinear Gaussian beam propagation. It also shows preliminary experimental results suggesting the presence of ring formation.