gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method for improved thermal performance of flip chip on flex power devices (2008)

A thermal solution for flip chip preamp die on flex applications was realized via a new flex design. This design incorporates an opening in the flex circuit under the center region of the preamp die thus removing the low thermal conductivity flex materials and exposing the aluminum stiffener plate. The surface of the aluminum stiffener plate is modified by zincation followed by electrolytic Ni, immersion Sn plating. This provides a solderable surface that readily forms a metallurgical bond with solder. Thermal solder bumps that are of order 5X the volume of the electrical bumps are added to the center region of the preamp die which resides above the opening in the flex circuit. The thermal bumps are formed at the same time the electrical bumps are formed with only a UBM and solder bump mask change. Using a conventional reflow assembly process, both the peripheral signal bumps and thermal bumps are attached to the flex circuit thus creating a high conductivity thermal path from the die directly to the metal stiffener plate. The assembly is completed using the standard underfill process. Prototype flex circuit assemblies with this new design as well as the standard design were assembled and characterized for thermal performance. Detailed thermal modeling was performed for both cases and the results are consistent with the experimental findings. Finally, a detailed construction analysis was performed utilizing cross-sectioning techniques and both optical and scanning electron microscopy to verify the assembly structure. This analysis revealed the importance of forming a metallurgical bond between the thermal bump and the Al-stiffener plate.
Detergency and interfacial phenomena. (1991)

我々の極く身近な家庭での洗浄 (特に衣料の洗浄) に焦点を当て解説した。固体汚れに対するDLVO理論及びヘテロ凝集理論, 液体汚れに対するrolling-up現象等の古典的な理論に基づいた洗浄のプロセスについて述べ, 洗浄研究の現状, 問題点等にも触れた。また, 洗浄における界面活性剤及びビルダーの役割についても簡単に解説し, 特に最近の無リン化に伴う研究の動きについて説明した。更に最近, 注目を集めている新酵素 (アルカリセルラーゼ) による新洗浄メカニズムについて言及した。
Linkage Analysis under Locus Heterogeneity: Behaviour of the A-Test in Complex Analyses (1997)

The admixture test (A-test) is a popular method for the analysis of linkage data when locus heterogeneity is suspected. It can be applied on pairwise linkage data, multipoint data and even for the simultaneous analysis of data from multiple dispersed candidate regions. However, very little is known about the conditions for the use of the method under these divergent circumstances. By performing analytical evaluations, we demonstrate that the A-test is inconsistent if there is a relationship between the phenotype and the probability of being linked. Biased estimates of the recombination fraction (theta) and the proportion of linked families (alpha) may occur if the actual frequency of linked families is not identical among small and large families. We conclude that the A-test should be used with caution if the phenotype and the probability of developing the phenotype at a certain age cannot be shown to be equal for family members of linked and unlinked families. If dissimilarities in family size cannot be ruled out, the extent of bias should be considered and size specific alpha-values should be used in risk calculations.
α-Glucosidic Hydroquinone Derivatives from Viburnum Erosum (2021)

&lt;p&gt;Six new compounds&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;(&lt;b&gt;1−6&lt;/b&gt;) were isolated from the leaves of &lt;i&gt;Viburnum erosum&lt;/i&gt; along with four known compounds &lt;b&gt;7−10&lt;/b&gt;. The structures were determined by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Compounds &lt;b&gt;1–6&lt;/b&gt; were &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;-glucosidic hydroquinone derivatives with different linear monoterpenoid structures. Compounds &lt;b&gt;1−10 &lt;/b&gt;were also evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibitory activities, and &lt;b&gt;10&lt;/b&gt; showed potent inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 37.9 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;M compared to 47.6 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;M of the positive control (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-arbutin).&lt;/p&gt;
Tin laser-produced plasma source modeling at 13.5nm for extreme ultraviolet lithography (2008)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography semiconductor manufacturing requires a 13.5nm light source. Laser-produced plasma emission from Sn V–Sn XIV ions is one proposed industry solution. The effect of laser pulse width and spatial profile on conversion efficiency is analyzed over a range of power densities using a two-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic code and compared to experiment using a 1.064μm, neodymium:yttrium aluminium garnet laser on a planar tin target. The calculated and experimental conversion efficiencies and the effects of self-absorption in the plasma edge are compared. Best agreement between theory and experiment is found for an 8.0ns Gaussian pulse.
The Chloroplast Genome of a Symbiodinium sp. Clade C3 Isolate (2013)

Dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium form important symbioses within corals and other benthic marine animals. Dinoflagellates possess an extremely reduced plastid genome relative to those examined in plants and other algae. In dinoflagellates the plastid genes are located on small plasmids, commonly referred to as 'minicircles'. However, the chloroplast genomes of dinoflagellates have only been extensively characterised from a handful of species. There is also evidence of considerable variation in the chloroplast genome organisation across those species that have been examined. We therefore characterised the chloroplast genome from an environmental coral isolate, in this case containing a symbiont belonging to the Symbiodinium sp. clade C3. The gene content of the genome is well conserved with respect to previously characterised genomes. However, unlike previously characterised dinoflagellate chloroplast genomes we did not identify any 'empty' minicircles. The sequences of this chloroplast genome show a high rate of evolution relative to other algal species. Particularly notable was a surprisingly high level of sequence divergence within the core polypeptides of photosystem I, the reasons for which are currently unknown. This chloroplast genome also possesses distinctive codon usage and GC content. These features suggest that chloroplast genomes in Symbiodinium are highly plastic.
Factors Which Affect Oxygen Reduction Activity of Niobium Added Titanium Oxides as Non-Platinum Cathodes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2017)

Development of non-platinum electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction is required for wide commercialization of PEFCs. We have focused on group 4 and 5 metal oxide-based compounds as non-precious metal cathodes. Although we needed to investigate the active sites of oxide-based cathodes to enhance the oxygen reduction activity, it was difficult to divide the effect of the nature of the active sites and the electrical conductivity of the catalysts. In this study, we prepared poly-crystalline Nb added TiO2 rods with high electric conductivity as model electrodes. We suggested that the Ti3+ species in the rutile structure might be active sites for the oxygen reduction activity.
Seaweed Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles: Preparation and Applications for Drug Delivery (2016)

In recent years, there have been major advances and increasing amounts of research on the utilization of natural polymeric materials as drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Seaweed polysaccharides are abundant resources and have been extensively studied for several biological, biomedical, and functional food applications. The exploration of seaweed polysaccharides for drug delivery applications is still in its infancy. Alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, ulvan, and laminarin are polysaccharides commonly isolated from seaweed. These natural polymers can be converted into nanoparticles (NPs) by different types of methods, such as ionic gelation, emulsion, and polyelectrolyte complexing. Ionic gelation and polyelectrolyte complexing are commonly employed by adding cationic molecules to these anionic polymers to produce NPs of a desired shape, size, and charge. In the present review, we have discussed the preparation of seaweed polysaccharide-based NPs using different types of methods as well as their usage as carriers for the delivery of various therapeutic molecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, anti-cancer drugs, and antibiotics). Seaweed polysaccharide-based NPs exhibit suitable particle size, high drug encapsulation, and sustained drug release with high biocompatibility, thereby demonstrating their high potential for safe and efficient drug delivery.
Preparation of a protected (2S,3S)-.beta.-hydroxyaspartic acid suitable for solid-phase peptide synthesis (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of a protected (2S,3S)-.beta.-hydroxyaspartic acid suitable for solid-phase peptide synthesisRolf Wagner and Jefferson W. TilleyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 26, 6289–6291Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00313a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00313a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 8‐AZA‐9,11‐ETHENOPROSTAGLANDIN H1 (1982)

Abstract Die stereoselektive Synthese der Titelverbindung (X1), ausgehend vom Butylester (III), wird beschrieben.
On Road Durability and Field Experience Obtained with an Aluminum Titanate Diesel Particulate Filter (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A novel diesel particulate filter for passenger car applications was introduced by Corning, based on a stabilized aluminum titanate composition. As part of the development and material evaluation Corning has performed extensive on-road testing of the new material. The testing included several vehicles, filters, system layouts and driving profiles. The filters were tested from 100,000 km to 240,000km. All test vehicles were equipped with instrumentation and data acquisition hardware, enabling the detailed recording of the relevant parameters such as temperature profiles inside the filter, the pressure drop as well as engine data. Throughout the field evaluations the filters were regularly checked for emissions over the NEDC on a chassis dynamometer according to the current European test protocol. In all cases excellent emission performance has been observed over the duration of the tests. The pressure drop performance has generally been good. After the on-road testing all filters have been analyzed following a detailed protocol. No negative material changes or changes in the thermo-mechanical properties have been observed. Some information about the accumulation of ash has been obtained through CT scans. Details of the tests and the results obtained are discussed in this manuscript.&lt;/div&gt;
A low noise wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with low-noise transistors and 17b column-parallel ADC (2012)

An extremely low temporal noise and wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor is developed using low-noise transistors and high gray-scale resolution (17b) folding-integration/cyclic ADC. Two types of pixel are designed. One is a high conversion gain (HCG) pixel with removing the coupling capacitance between the transfer gate and the floating diffusion, and the other is a pixel for wide dynamic range (WDR) CMOS imager with the native transistor as a source follower amplifier. The CMOS image sensor which is in combination with the proposed pixels and the high performance column ADC has achieved a low pixel temporal noise of 1.1e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> and a wide dynamic range of 87.5dB with the video rate operation (30Hz). In addition, the WDR pixel has a very small occurrence of the RTS noise because of the effect of the native transistor in the pixel. The implemented HCG CMOS imager and WDR CMOS imager using 0.18μm technology have the pixel conversion gain of 73.2-μV/e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> and 22.8-μV/e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> , respectively.
Gamma Densomat for quality control in PM parts production (1991)

The determination of density is an important part of quality control in PM as many other properties are influenced by porosity. Sectional densities can be determined quickly and without wasting parts with the Gamma Densomat. The suitability of this method in different stages of PM parts production, such as after compaction, sintering, sizing, impregnation, steam treating and case hardening has been tested. While measurements with a caesium radiation source are insensitive to varying chemical compositions in different production stages, the results obtained with radiation from an americium source show some sensitivity to the chemical composition. Applying density measurements to rings and cylinders, although generally restricted to flat surfaces, showed that acceptable results are obtained for larger diameters. For rings with small bore diameters correct positioning may be a problem.
Path-finding for integration of porous SiOCH films (k&amp;#x223C;2.5) in system-LSIs (2010)

Impacts of k-value reduction on LSI performances are clarified quantitatively using 2M-gate net-list. Reduction in k-value from 3.0 to 2.5 for M2-M5 interconnect layers achieves 11%-drop in interconnect parasitic capacitance (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">int</sub> ) and 8.4%-reduction in propagation delay (τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ), which also shrinks the effective variability of τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> to improve LSI operation margins. From a viewpoint of BEOL fabrication with k~2.5, a carbon-rich porous SiOCH film has high tolerance to process-induced damages, resulting in lower C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">int</sub> than that of an O-rich film with similar k-value. Sustainability to FCBGA packaging with Pb-free solder bumps is also confirmed for the multi-level interconnects with the C-rich porous SiOCH.
Feedforward control design for a semilinear wave equation (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a flatness‐based approach for the solution of the feedforward control problem for a boundary controlled semilinear wave equation. The solution to a given piecewise analytical desired output trajectory is shown to be piecewise analytical, which allows the application of a formal power series approach on suitable subregions in adequate coordinates. The subregions are determined by the characteristic curves of the system passing through the non‐analyticity points of the desired trajectory. Convergence of the solution is demonstrated and simulation results are given for some set of parameters. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum Communication between Atomic Ensembles Using Coherent Light (2000)

Protocols for quantum communication between massive particles, such as atoms, are usually based on making use of nonclassical light, and/or superhigh finesse optical cavities are normally needed to enhance interaction between atoms and photons. We demonstrate a remarkable result: by using only coherent light, entanglement can be generated between distant free space atomic ensembles, and an unknown quantum state can thus be teleported from one to another. Neither nonclassical light nor cavities are needed in the scheme, which greatly simplifies its experimental implementation.
Flatbands and Localization in Moir\'e Superlattice of Bilayer Photonic crystal (2021)

We investigate the physics of the photonic band structures of the moir\'e
patterns that emerged when overlapping two mismatched period uni-dimensional
(1D) photonic crystal slabs. The band structure of our system is a result of
the interplay between intra-layer and inter-layer coupling mechanisms, which
can be fine-tuned via the distance separating the two layers. We derive an
effective Hamiltonian that captures the essential physics of the system and
reproduces all numerical simulations of electromagnetic solutions with high
accuracy. Most interestingly, \textit{magic distances} corresponding to the
emergence of photonic flat bands of the moir\'e lattice are observed. We
demonstrate that these flat band modes at a magic distance are tightly
localized within a moir\'e period. Moreover, we suggest a single-band
tight-binding model that describes the moir\'e minibands, of which the
tunnelling rate can be continuously tuned via the inter-layer strength. Our
results show that the band structure of bilayer photonic moir\'e can be
engineered in the same fashion as the electronic/excitonic counterparts. It
would pave the way to study many-body physics at photonic moir\'e flat bands
and novel optoelectronic devices.
Interaction of Fibroblasts, Hemopoietic Cells and Platelets with Extracellular Matrix: Characterization and Role of a Common Cell Surface Glycoproteina (1987)

Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix plays an important role in the complex phenomena involving cell motility, such as tumor metastasis 1 and embryonic development. 2 Interaction with the extracellular matrix is also required for the proper cellular response to growth and differentiation factors. 3 A number of extracellular glycoproteins, which include fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin and collagens, are able to protnote cell adhesion by interacting with the plasma membrane. 4 The complex and dynamic process of cell adhesion requires that, after binding to the adhesive factor, receptors in the plasma membrane either cluster and participate in the formation of adhesion plaques that are necessary for stable adhesion, or otherwise interact with the cytoskeletal motor to activate the tractional forces necessary for cell locomotion. 5 In the present paper we will briefiy summarize some of our past work and report some new data on the identification, structural characterization and functional role of a mouse membrane glycoprotein implicated in the adhesion of fibroblasts, hemopoietic cells and platelets to the extracellular matrix.
Étude hydrodynamique des lits fluidisés sous vide et sous haute température (1999)

Abstract After having analyzed the few literature results concerning fluidized beds hydrodynamics under reduced pressure, new theoretical elements are proposed which provide an estimation of the beginning and finishing fluidization velocities. Numerous experimental results(U mfapp , U mb , U mp , ϵ mf , ϵ mb , ϵ mp ), obtained at 20 and 500°C, are then presented for several sub‐atmospheric pressures. Finally, f&amp; the first time, at leastto our knowledge, by high frequency recording pressure drops through the bed, the influence of pressure decreases on the hydrodynamics is accurately analyzed.
Delineation of tagged region by use of local iso-surface roughness in electronic cleansing for CT colonography (2007)

Electronic cleansing (EC) is an emerging method for segmentation of fecal materials, which are tagged by an X-ray-opaque oral contrast agent in CT colonography (CTC) images, effectively removing them for digital cleansing of the colon. Due to the partial volume effect, voxels at the boundary between the lumen and tagged materials, called the <i>L-T boundary</i>, not only have CT values that are close to those of soft-tissue structures, but also have gradient values that are similar to a thin soft-tissue structure that is sandwiched between the tagged region and the lumen, which we call a <i>tagging-tissue-air layer</i>. Degradation of thin colonic wall and folds, as well as creation of pseudo soft-tissue structures at the periphery of tagged regions, are main artifacts in existing EC approaches, which tend to use a gradient-based method to delineate tagged regions. In this study, we developed a novel delineation method of tagged regions by applying local iso-surface roughness. The local iso-surface roughness is defined by the sum of differences between the local curvedness at adjacent scales over all scales. In our approach, the roughness values around the periphery of the tagged regions are integrated into the speed function of a level-set segmentation method for delineation of the tagged regions. As a result, L-T boundaries are subtracted along with tagged regions, whereas the thin soft-tissue structures within the tagging-tissue-air layers are preserved. Application of our computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme showed that the use of the new EC method substantially reduced the number of false-positive detections compared with that of our previous gradient-based method.
Where There Is No Orthopaedic Surgeon: A WhatsApp mHealth Platform to Support Fracture Management by Non-Specialists in South Africa (2019)

Kauta, Ntambue J. MBCHB, FCOrth; Groenewald, Johann MBCHB; Arnolds, Delroy MBCHB; Blankson, Benjamin MBCHB; Omar, Abbas MBCHB; Chu, Kathryn M. MD, FACS Author Information
Design of a stirred multiwell bioreactor for expansion of CD34<sup>+</sup> umbilical cord blood cells in hypoxic conditions (2011)

Besides having a metabolic role, oxygen is recognized as an important signaling stimulus for stem cells. In hematopoiesis, hypoxia seems to favor stem cell self-renewal. In fact, long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells reside in bone marrow at concentrations as low as 1% oxygen. However, O2 concentration is difficult to control in vitro. Thermodynamically, we found significant differences between O2 solubility in different media, and in presence of serum. Furthermore, we verified that medium equilibration with a hypoxic atmosphere requires several hours. Thus, in a static culture, the effective O2 concentration in the cell immediate microenvironment is difficult to control and subject to concentration gradients. Stirred systems improve homogeneity within the culture volume. In this work, we developed a stirred bioreactor to investigate hypoxia effect on the expression of stem cell markers in CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood. The stirring system was designed on top of a standard six-well plate to favor continuity with conventional static conditions and transfer of culture protocols. The bioreactor volume (10 mL/well) is suitable for cell expansion and multiparametric flow cytometry analyses. First, it was tested at 21% O2 for biocompatibility and other possible effects on the cells compared to static conditions. Then, it was used to study c-kit expression of CD34+ cells at 5% O2, using 21%-O2 cultures as a control. In hypoxia we found that CD34+ cells maintained a higher expression of c-kit. Further investigation is needed to explore the dynamics of interaction between oxygen- and c-kit-dependent pathways at the molecular level.