gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (2010)

PURPOSE. To determine which retinal layers are most affected by diabetes and contribute to thinning of the inner retina and to investigate the relationship between retinal layer thickness (LT) and diabetes duration, diabetic retinopathy (DR) status, age, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and the sex of the individual, in patients with type 1 diabetes who have no or minimal DR. METHODS. Mean LT was calculated for the individual retinal layers after automated segmentation of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography scans of patients with diabetes and compared with that in control subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between LT and HbA1c, age, sex, diabetes duration, and DR status. RESULTS. In patients with minimal DR, the mean ganglion cell layer (GCL) in the pericentral area was 5.1 mum thinner (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-9.1 mum), and in the peripheral macula, the mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was 3.7 mum thinner (95% CI, 1.3-6.1 mum) than in the control subjects. There was a significant linear correlation (R = 0.53, P < 0.01) between GCL thickness and diabetes duration in the pooled group of patients. Multiple linear regression analysis (R = 0.62, P < 0.01) showed that DR status was the most important explanatory variable. CONCLUSIONS. This study demonstrates GCL thinning in the pericentral area and corresponding loss of RNFL thickness in the peripheral macula in patients with type 1 diabetes and no or minimal DR compared with control subjects. These results support the concept that diabetes has an early neurodegenerative effect on the retina, which occurs even though the vascular component of DR is minimal.
Precision in Strontium Isotope Measurements by Laser Ablation Assisted Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2009)

We have investigated the precision of strontium isotope analysis by Laser Ablation‐assisted Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry(LA‐RIMS). We have confirmed that the mass discrimination effect on the 87Sr/86Sr measurement was reduced by the internal correction method. For the present system, the precision of the isotope ratio of 87Sr/86Sr has been estimated to be 0.6% (1σ). The precision has been limited by the fluctuations with a time scale of less than 10 s.
A critical review of the discovery and application of a migratory pheromone in an invasive fish, the sea lamprey <i>Petromyzon marinus </i>L. (2007)

The sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus , an ancient and parasitic agnathan fish native to the North Atlantic, invaded the Laurentian Great Lakes approximately a century ago triggering its fisheries to collapse. Presently, this species is held in check through a toxicant‐based control programme directed by a bi‐national treaty organization that seeks to develop a more broadly based integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. After a long and difficult search, the most active components of a migratory pheromone for the sea lamprey were identified and synthesized. This pheromone has remarkable potency and considerable potential to enhance various control strategies that fall within an IPM scheme. The pheromone is comprised of a mixture of at least three sulphated steroids: petromyzonamine disulphate (PADS), petromyzosterol disulphate (PSDS) and petromyzonol sulphate (PS). A steroidal sex pheromone appears to have similar promise. These discoveries, which are prompting development of the first pheromonally guided pest management programme for an invasive fish, have revealed significant scientific and policy challenges. Among the former are the needs to acquire long‐term and significant support for the science, to synthesize sufficient quantities of cues, and to deploy and measure pheromonal components in natural waters. Among the latter are the needs to regulate this new type of ‘pesticide’, protect these technologies from exploitation and promote future research on this and other invasive fish species. Lessons from these experiences may be applicable to the study of other invasive fishes.
Performance Improvement of Magnet Temperature Estimation Using Kernel Method Based Non-Linear Parameter Estimator for Variable Leakage Flux IPMSMs (2021)

This study proposes a novel approach that employs the kernel method as a regression model to demonstrate the dependency of magnet flux linkage on the applied current, which is suitable for magnet temperature estimation. This model can estimate the flux linkage with a mean relative error of less than 2% in comparison with that obtained using finite element analysis. The magnet temperature is estimated by comparing the magnet flux linkage under loading conditions with the values obtained from the regression models built under fixed temperatures. The accuracy of the results obtained using the magnet temperature estimation method is approximately the same as that of the results obtained using the look-up table, suggesting that the proposed approach is suitable for non-linear motor property modeling.
Quantum cellular automata: new defects and faults for new devices (2004)

Summary form only given. There has been considerable research on quantum cellular automata (QCA) as a new computing scheme in the nanoscale regimes. A detailed simulation-based characterization of defects in different QCA logic and interconnect devices and study of their effects at logic-level are presented. Various failure mechanisms which can potentially happen during nanomannfacturing of these devices have been considered and simulated. Different implementations of QCA logic devices and interconnects are also compared in term of defect tolerance and testability. The same study is performed for new proposed QCA devices too. The simulation results show that additional fault models at logic level must be considered for testing of QCA-based circuits.
Performance analysis of a multispectral system for mine detection in the littoral zone (2004)

Science & Technology International (STI) has developed, under contract with the Office of Naval Research, a system of multispectral airborne sensors and processing algorithms capable of detecting mine-like objects in the surf zone. STI has used this system to detect mine-like objects in a littoral environment as part of blind tests at Kaneohe Marine Corps Base Hawaii, and Panama City, Florida. The airborne and ground subsystems are described. The detection algorithm is graphically illustrated. We report on the performance of the system configured to operate without a human in the loop. A subsurface (underwater bottom proud mine in the surf zone and moored mine in shallow water) mine detection capability is demonstrated in the surf zone, and in shallow water with wave spillage and foam. Our analysis demonstrates that this STI-developed multispectral airborne mine detection system provides a technical foundation for a viable mine counter-measures system for use prior to an amphibious assault.
Increasing the firmness of wax‐based oleogels using ternary mixtures of sunflower wax with beeswax:candelilla wax combinations (2023)

Abstract Oleogels were prepared with 5% wax in soybean oil using mixtures of beeswax (BW) and candelilla wax (CLW) with ratios of 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, and 60:40 BW:CLW, and the same series where 10% of the total wax was substituted with sunflower wax (SFW). The hypothesis that SFW would increase the firmness of the oleogels without affecting the melting properties was tested. Firmness of one‐wax oleogels decreased from SFW &gt; CLW &gt; BW. Oleogels with 50:50 BW:CLW and 60:40 BLW:CLW had equal firmness to pure 5% SFW oleogels. SFW significantly increased oleogel firmness and reduced the softening that occurred between 4°C and 22°C. Increased firmness was also found with rice bran wax and behenyl‐behenate (C44) addition, but not with wax esters with chain lengths ranging from 30 to 40 carbons (C30 to C40). By differential scanning calorimetry, SFW significantly decreased the melting point of oleogels with 10:90 and 30:70 BW:CLW mixtures but significantly increased the melting point of those with 50:50 and 60:40 BW:CLW mixtures. However, the solid fat content melting curves were not significantly influenced by SFW addition. These results indicate that mixed wax oleogels had greater hardness and elasticity, and that the long chain wax esters contributed by SFW helped to improve the strength of oleogels without negatively affecting their melting properties.
Chemical engineering curricula and challenges resulting from global megatrends (2015)

Chemical processing industry is progressively focusing their research activities and product placements in the areas of global megatrends, such as mobility, energy, materials, or health care and nutrition. Innovation in all these fields requires solving highly complex problems, rapid product development as well as dealing with international competition. These factors should also be reflected in modern chemical and biochemical engineering curricula. At TU Dortmund University, chemical and biochemical engineering education has a long tradition in combining fundamental knowledge in natural science with engineering skills. Hence, the introductory course on chemical engineering presents the subject in view of the aforementioned global challenges and megatrends. The lecture and tutorials are accompanied by a group project. Here, already in the first semester, the students work on a subject related to a/or more than one megatrend and finalize this with poster presentation. Besides the fundamentals in chemical engineering and related subjects, problem-based learning - as well as design skills and problem-solving techniques - are utilized throughout later courses. In the final phase of the Bachelor curriculum, for example, a group of 8 to 10 students develop a complete production plant, starting from conceptual process design including reaction kinetics and separation units identification, to detailed engineering (plant layout), up to cost calculation. In the last phase of their studies, students are often directly involved in research projects for their Bachelor&apos;s or Master&apos;s thesis. With the final presentation and “defence” of their work, the students are well prepared for their industrial experience.
Autologous, lentivirus‐modified, T‐rapa cell “micropharmacies” for lysosomal storage disorders (2022)

T cells are the current choice for many cell therapy applications. They are relatively easy to access, expand in culture, and genetically modify. Rapamycin-conditioning ex vivo reprograms T cells, increasing their memory properties and capacity for survival, while reducing inflammatory potential and the amount of preparative conditioning required for engraftment. Rapamycin-conditioned T cells have been tested in patients and deemed to be safe to administer in numerous settings, with reduced occurrence of infusion-related adverse events. We demonstrate that ex vivo lentivirus-modified, rapamycin-conditioned CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells can also act as next-generation cellular delivery vehicles-that is, "micropharmacies"-to disseminate corrective enzymes for multiple lysosomal storage disorders. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of this treatment platform for Fabry, Gaucher, Farber, and Pompe diseases in vitro and in vivo. For example, such micropharmacies expressing α-galactosidase A for treatment of Fabry disease were transplanted in mice where they provided functional enzyme in key affected tissues such as kidney and heart, facilitating clearance of pathogenic substrate after a single administration.
Feeding desensitizes A1 adenosine receptors in adipose through FOXO1-mediated transcriptional regulation (2022)

We propose that FOXO1 drives high A1R expression under fasted conditions to limit excess lipolysis during stress and augment insulin action upon feeding. Subsequent downregulation of A1R under fed conditions leads to desensitization of these receptors in adipose tissue. This regulation of A1R may facilitate reentrance into the catabolic state upon fasting.
Copolymer‐Mediated Cell Aggregation Promotes a Proangiogenic Stem Cell Phenotype In Vitro and In Vivo (2016)

Material-induced cell aggregation drives a proangiogenic expression profile. Copolymer substrates containing cell-repellent and cell-adhesive domains force the aggregation of human mesenchymal stem cells, which results in enhanced tubulogenesis in vitro and stabilization of vasculature in vivo. These findings can be used to design instructive biomaterial scaffolds for clinical use.
Role of Stem Cell Factor and Granulocyte Colony–Stimulating Factor in Remodeling During Liver Regeneration (2011)

Our data suggest that altered expression of SCF+GM-CSF after PH can contribute to biliary remodeling (e.g., post-transplantation) by functional deregulation of the activity of key signaling intermediates involved in cell expansion and multipotent differentiation.
Initial clinical presentation of children with acute and chronic versus acute subdural hemorrhage resulting from abusive head trauma (2015)

OBJECT At presentation, children who have experienced abusive head trauma (AHT) often have subdural hemorrhage (SDH) that is acute, chronic, or both. Controversy exists whether the acute SDH associated with chronic SDH results from trauma or from spontaneous rebleeding. The authors compared the clinical presentations of children with AHT and acute SDH with those having acute and chronic SDH (acute/chronic SDH). METHODS The study was a multicenter retrospective review of children who had experienced AHT during 2004-2009. The authors compared the clinical and radiological characteristics of children with acute SDH to those of children with acute/chronic SDH. RESULTS The study included 383 children with AHT and either acute SDH (n = 291) or acute/chronic SDH (n = 92). The children with acute/chronic SDH were younger, had higher initial Glasgow Coma Scale scores, fewer deaths, fewer skull fractures, less parenchymal brain injury, and fewer acute noncranial fractures than did children with acute SDH. No between-group differences were found for the proportion with retinal hemorrhages, healing noncranial fractures, or acute abusive bruises. A similar proportion (approximately 80%) of children with acute/chronic SDH and with acute SDH had retinal hemorrhages or acute or healing extracranial injures. Of children with acute/chronic SDH, 20% were neurologically asymptomatic at presentation; almost half of these children were seen for macrocephaly, and for all of them, the acute SDH was completely within the area of the chronic SDH. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the presenting clinical and radiological characteristics of children with acute SDH and acute/chronic SDH caused by AHT did not differ, suggesting that repeated abuse, rather than spontaneous rebleeding, is the etiology of most acute SDH in children with chronic SDH. However, more severe neurological symptoms were more common among children with acute SDH. Children with acute/chronic SDH and asymptomatic macrocephaly have unique risks and distinct radiological and clinical characteristics.
Computational modeling of oscillating fins that “catch and release” targeted nanoparticles in bilayer flows (2015)

A number of physiological processes in living organisms involve the selective "catch and release" of biomolecules. Inspired by these biological processes, we use computational modeling to design synthetic systems that can controllably catch, transport, and release specific molecules within the surrounding solution, and, thus, could be harnessed for effective separation processes within microfluidic devices. Our system consists of an array of oscillating, microscopic fins that are anchored onto the floor of a microchannel and immersed in a flowing bilayer fluid. The oscillations drive the fins to repeatedly extend into the upper fluid and then tilt into the lower stream. The fins exhibit a specified wetting interaction with the fluids and specific adhesive interactions with nanoparticles in the solution. With this setup, we determine conditions where the oscillating fins can selectively bind, and thus, "catch" target nanoparticles within the upper fluid stream and then release these particles into the lower stream. We isolate the effects of varying the wetting interaction and the fins' oscillation modes on the effective extraction of target species from the upper stream. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the system's complex dynamics and yield guidelines for fabricating devices for the detection and separation of target molecules from complex fluids.
Supplementary Movie 1 from miR-181a and miR-630 Regulate Cisplatin-Induced Cancer Cell Death (2023)

Supplementary Movie 1 from miR-181a and miR-630 Regulate Cisplatin-Induced Cancer Cell Death
Sub-Microsecond RF MEMS Switched Capacitors (2007)

This paper presents fast switching RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitors with measured switching times between 150-400 ns. By introducing bent sides on a planar microbeam, it is shown experimentally that the resonance frequency of aluminum bridges is increased by a factor of 25 compared to standard RF MEMS components. In addition, this original shape can be implemented easily in post-processing of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits. Several designs are presented with measured mechanical resonance frequencies between 1-3 MHz and measured switching times under 400 ns. Using this original approach, sub-microsecond RF MEMS switched capacitors have been designed and fabricated on quartz substrate. Their resulting RF performance is presented with a measured capacitance ratio of 2.3. Reliability tests have also been performed and have demonstrated no significant mechanical behavior variation over 14 billion cycles and a moderate sensitivity to temperature variation.
Investigations on Free-Space optical links within SatNEx II (2009)

The objective of this paper is to describe recent activities and investigations on FSO and the excellent results achieved within international COST actions (like COST 270, COST 291, COST 297 (HAPCOS)) and the 6th EU-framework programme (like SatNEx and CAPANINA). In a first part, the FSO technology is briefly discussed. Then its behaviour in different networking architectures is explained to elaborate its potential and suitability for the future Next Generation Networks (NGN). In a second part, the recent investigations in airborne and satellite application scenarios are discussed. Then, the short-range FSO systems built for last mile connectivity are explained. Finally, our recent investigation results on modelling the FSO channel under fog conditions and atmospheric turbulence are presented. Additionally, some recent major performance improvement results obtained by employing hybrid systems and using some specific modulation and coding schemes are presented.
Automatische Projektierung eines Produktions leitsystems der Fertigungstechnik mit Hilfe des Datenaustauschformats CAEX (2008)

Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Konzept zur (teil-) auto mati sierten Projektierung von Produk tions leitsystemen vor. Basis der (teil-) automatisierten Projektierung ist das Vorliegen von Pla nungsdaten in einem standardisierten Datenformat wie CAEX. Erst Standard-Datenformate ermog lichen neben dem seit langem ge wunschten durchgangigen Datenaustausch in der Engineering-Wert schopfungskette auch die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und den Einsatz von Algorithmen, die die Planungs daten selbstandig analysieren und Engineering-Ergeb nisse oder Projektierungen automatisch daraus ableiten konnen. Dies ist neben einer definierten und standardisierten Kommu nikation der entsprechenden Inhalte eine wesentliche Voraussetzung der Idee der ,Automation der Automation` Das Kon zept wird in diesem Beitrag exemplarisch anhand einer Projektierung von ProVis.Agent® und ProVis.Visu® erlautert.
Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Cells Differentiate into Chondrocytes (2009)

Recently, cartilage diseases have been treated by auto- or allogenic chondrocyte transplantation. However, such treatments are limited by the necessity of having a large amount of cells for transplantation, the risk of rejection, and donor shortage. Since the human amnion is immune-privileged tissue suitable for allotransplantation, the potential of human amniotic mesenchymal cells (HAMc) to differentiate into chondrocytes was assessed. The expression of gene encoding transcription factors SOXs and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as well as BMP receptors were assessed. Chondrocyte phenotype was characterized by positive expression of the cartilage marker genes collagen type II and aggrecan by RT-PCR, collagen type II protein were analyzed by immunofluorescence analysis. HAMc expressed chondrocyte-related genes, including SOXs, BMPs, as well as BMP receptors. Collagen type II and aggrecan were detected after the induction of chondrogenesis with BMP-2. HAMc, transplanted into noncartilage tissue of mice with BMP-2, or implanted with collagen-scaffold into the defects generated in a rat's bone, underwent morphological changes with deposition of collagen type II. These results showed that HAMc have the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that they have therapeutic potential for the treatment of damaged or diseased cartilage.
X-ray Vision (2004)

We are fabricating optics for the hard-x-ray region using electroless nickel replication. The attraction of this process, which has been widely used elsewhere, is that the resulting full shell optics are inherently stable and thus can have very good angular resolution. The challenge with this process is to develop lightweight optics (nickel has a relatively high density of 8.9 g/cu cm), and to keep down the costs of mandrel fabrication. We accomplished the former through the development of high-strength nickel alloys that permit very thin shells without fabrication- and handling-induced deformations. For the latter, we have utilized inexpensive grinding and diamond turning to figure the mandrels and then purpose-built polishing machines to finish the surface. In-house plating tanks and a simple water-bath separation system complete the process. To date we have built shells ranging in size from 5 cm diameter to 50 cm, and with thickness down to 100 micron. For our HERO balloon program, we are fabricating over 200 iridium-coated shells, 250 microns thick, for hard-x-ray imaging up to 75 keV. Early test results on these have indicated half-power-diameters of 15 arcsec. The status of these and other hard-x-ray optics will be reviewed.
Toxicity of glucocorticosteroids in autoimmune blistering diseases (2019)

Glucocorticosteroids (GCs), have been the mainstay treatment for several dermatological diseases such as autoimmunebullous diseases (AIBDs). However, they come with a great cost of GCs-associated adverse events causingmortality and morbidity. Recently, a new measure to evaluate toxicity due to GCs’ use has been demonstrated to bereliable.This review aimed to summarise toxicity attributed to GCs use and give more insight about this new toxicity index.