gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2-Substituted-6,7-dimethoxy- and 6,7,8-Trimethoxy-3-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-ones (1999)

Acetonyl and phenacyl esters of 4,5-dimethoxy- and 3,4,5-trimethoxyanthranilic acids 3 were prepared by reduction of corresponding nitro derivatives 2 . Acetonyl 4,5-dimethoxyanthranilate ( 3a ) was prepared by reaction of 4,5-dimethoxyanthranilic acid and chloroacetone. Cyclization of these acetonyl and phenacyl esters in polyphosphoric acid provided the corresponding 2-substituted-6,7-dimethoxy- and 6,7,8-trimethoxy-3-hydroxyquinolin-4(1 H )-ones 4 . A new method of the thermal cyclization is also described. The structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
Efficient Electrolyte Additives of Phosphate, Carbonate, and Borate to Improve Redox Capacitor Performance of Manganese Oxide Electrodes (2013)

For a faradaic electrochemical capacitor, birnessite-based manganese dioxide electrode, prepared by the electrochemical activation of ball-milled Mn3O4 composite electrodes as we recently reported, delivers 190 F g−1 in a Na2SO4 aqueous solution in the potential range of −0.1 and 0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl at a current rate of 1.0 A g−1. However, the specific capacitance of birnessite gradually decreases during successive charge and discharge cycle, and the capacity decrease is accompanied by the gradual loss of net weight of manganese oxide because of manganese dissolution from electrode into electrolyte solution. By adding and dissolving small amounts of Na2HPO4, NaHCO3, and Na2B4O7 into the Na2SO4 solution, the capacitance of birnessite increases to 200–230 F g−1 with much improved cyclability over >1000 cycles, resulting from suppression of the manganese dissolution because of pH buffer action by the additives. The improvement of cyclability and capacitance is due to the formation of protection layer on the birnessite and the optimized pH buffer capacity of aqueous electrolyte.
Obstetric interventions for babies born before 28 weeks of gestation in Europe: results of the MOSAIC study (2009)

There are large differences between European regions in obstetric practices at the lower limit of viability and these are related to outcome, especially at 24-25 weeks.
Molecular Docking; future of Medicinal Research (2022)

Molecular docking is a Molecular modelling technique that is used to predict the interaction between two molecules such as drugs, enzymes or proteins. It predicts the structure of the interacting molecules using computational modelling. The objective is to obtain plausible three-dimensional structures of the molecules under study. The candidates produced by docking are ranked by various methods to identify the most likely naturally occurring structure. This review encompasses the various types of docking models and the mechanism of docking, drug design types and available docking software.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an Irreversible Pan-HER Inhibitor, Inhibits Proliferation of HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer Cell Lines Resistant to Trastuzumab and Lapatinib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 75K, Dacomitinib response is marginally inversely correlated with relative HER3 mRNA levels.&lt;/p&gt;
Functional analysis and treatment of the diurnal bruxism of a 16‐year‐old girl with autism (2014)

Bruxism is defined as the clenching and grinding of teeth. This study used a functional analysis to examine whether the bruxism of a 16-year-old girl with autism was maintained by automatic reinforcement or social consequences. A subsequent component analysis of the intervention package described by Barnoy, Najdowski, Tarbox, Wilke, and Nollet (2009) showed that a vocal reprimand (e.g., "stop grinding") effectively reduced the participant's bruxism. Results were maintained across time, and effects extended to novel staff members.
Chemoselective Iridium-catalysed Peterson olefination/Asymmetric Hydrogenation of beta-Hydroxy Silaned (2018)

Herein we report the use of Ir-N,P catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of β-hydroxy silanes via an in-situ generated olefin intermediate. The reaction proceeds via an acid catalysed Peterson ...
Verification of Tactile Sensor for Manipulator (2006)

This paper describes the basic characteristics of a distributed-type tactile sensor that we developed for a manipulator. To create a dexterous manipulator, it is necessary to acquire reliable force information loaded on manipulator fingertips. In a previous paper, we illustrated that the tactile sensor can detect attached object movement. In this paper, FEM analysis and experiments demonstrate that the principles of the three-axis force sensor, which is a component of the tactile sensor, are applicable. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis reveals that the detected movements of the tactile sensor are precious. Consequently, these results demonstrate that this tactile sensor is available for manipulators.
A probabilistic model of face mapping with local transformations and its application to person recognition (2005)

This paper proposes a new measure of "distance" between faces. This measure involves the estimation of the set of possible transformations between face images of the same person. The global transformation, which is assumed to be too complex for direct modeling, is approximated by a patchwork of local transformations, under a constraint imposing consistency between neighboring local transformations. The proposed system of local transformations and neighboring constraints is embedded within the probabilistic framework of a two-dimensional hidden Markov model. More specifically, we model two types of intraclass variabilities involving variations in facial expressions and illumination, respectively. The performance of the resulting method is assessed on a large data set consisting of four face databases. In particular, it is shown to outperform a leading approach to face recognition, namely, the Bayesian intra/extrapersonal classifier.
Modelling of an optical threshold element based On SOAs (2012)

Nonlinear semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are attractive because they allow fast signals processing and can be employed within integrated optical circuits. Here we present a model for an all-optical threshold element composed by two SOA-based sub-elements. In the proposed model self phase modulation and nonlinear polarization rotation are exploited to obtained a transfer function typical of threshold gates.
Comparison of direct-detection 50-Mbps Q-PPM receiver performance for AlGaAs- and Nd-doped laser transmitters (1992)

We present a theoretical and experimental performance comparison of a free space direct detection 50 Mbps quaternary pulse position modulation (Q-PPM) communications receiver for Nd:YAG and AlGaAs laser transmitters. Using silicon avalanche photodiodes (APD), we achieved a receiver sensitivity of 2.6 nW (264 incident photons/bit) at 1060 nm and 0.77 nW (59 incident photons/bit) at 810 nm (bit error rate (BER) of 10 exp -6). This is the best sensitivity ever reported for a direct detection receiver at 1060 nm. The experimental results were in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
A 300-kpixel Ultrahigh-Speed Charge-Coupled Device With a Dynamic Range of 48.6 dB at 1 Million Frames per Second (2012)

An ultrahigh-speed charge-coupled device (CCD) with an increased dynamic range at a frame rate above 200 kiloframes per second (kfps) was developed. The dynamic range of a CCD operating at extremely high speeds is reduced as a result of rounding of a sharp voltage waveform inside the device. The amount of rounding was estimated by using an equivalent circuit model of one kind of electrodes in a four-phase CCD memory. The simulation showed that the calculated voltage at a quarter period and the measured saturation signal level have similar dependence on the frame rate. To suppress the drop in voltage at a quarter period, the active pixels and the driving circuit were divided, and the resistance of the pixel wiring was reduced. A new ultrahigh-speed CCD, whose active pixels are divided into eight separately driven blocks and that employs dual wirings to each electrode of the four-phase CCD memory, was designed and fabricated. A driving evaluation experiment showed that the ultrahigh-speed CCD had a dynamic range of 48.6 dB at 1 000 000 fps. This range is equivalent to 8-bit digital and is 2.5 times higher than that of a previous ultrahigh-speed CCD.
Enhanced thermoelectric power in nanopatterned carbon nanotube film (2012)

Despite the small or near-zero Seebeck coefficient of metallic nanotubes, a nanotube film can be readily scaled up in length. Thus so can its thermoelectric power. In this work, we inserted a nanomesh pattern into a carbon nanotube film by using an anodized aluminum oxide membrane as an etching mask. We found that by patterning densely packed nanoscale holes into the nanotube film, its total thermoelectric power can be further increased, by as much as 30% (from 29 to 39 μV K(-1)). We present this finding, attributed to electron localization due to nanopatterning, as indicative of the potential of a new degree of freedom.
Polarization performance simulation for the GeoXO atmospheric composition instrument: NO <sub>2</sub> retrieval impacts (2022)

Abstract. NOAA's Geostationary Extended Observations (GeoXO) constellation will continue and expand on the capabilities of the current generation of geostationary satellite systems to support US weather, ocean, atmosphere, and climate operations. It is planned to consist of a dedicated atmospheric composition instrument (ACX) to support air quality forecasting and monitoring by providing capabilities similar to missions such as TEMPO (Tropospheric Emission: Monitoring Pollution), currently planned to launch in 2023, as well as OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument), and GEMS (Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer) currently in operation. As the early phases of ACX development are progressing, design trade-offs are being considered to understand the relationship between instrument design choices and trace gas retrieval impacts. Some of these choices will affect the instrument polarization sensitivity (PS), which can have radiometric impacts on environmental satellite observations. We conducted a study to investigate how such radiometric impacts can affect NO2 retrievals by exploring their sensitivities to time of day, location, and scene type with an ACX instrument model that incorporates PS. The study addresses the basic steps of operational NO2 retrievals: the spectral fitting step and the conversion of slant column to vertical column via the air mass factor (AMF). The spectral fitting step was performed by generating at-sensor radiance from a clear-sky scene with a known NO2 amount, the application of an instrument model including both instrument PS and noise, and a physical retrieval. The spectral fitting step was found to mitigate the impacts of instrument PS. The AMF-related step was considered for clear-sky and partially cloudy scenes, for which instrument PS can lead to errors in interpreting the cloud content, propagating to AMF errors and finally to NO2 retrieval errors. For this step, the NO2 retrieval impacts were small but non-negligible for high NO2 amounts; we estimated that a typical high NO2 amount can cause a maximum retrieval error of 0.25×1015 molec. cm−2 for a PS of 5 %. These simulation capabilities were designed to aid in the development of a GeoXO atmospheric composition instrument that will improve our ability to monitor and understand the Earth's atmosphere.
Dithiiranylmethyloxy azaxanthone shows potent anti-tumor activity via suppression of HER2 expression and HER2-mediated signals in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells (2013)

Dithiiranylmethyloxy azaxanthone (CHO10), which was discovered by screening compounds in a reporter gene assay, inhibited the ESX-Sur2 interaction in a dose-dependent manner with potency similar to canertinib. The intervention of CHO10 during the ESX-Sur2 interaction caused down-regulation of both HER2 gene amplification and HER2 protein expression, which led to the attenuation of HER2-mediated downstream signal cascades and autocrine cell growth in SK-BR-3 cells, which are HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. The cell growth inhibitory activity of CHO10 was more potent in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells (AU-565, BT474 and SK-BR-3) than in HER2-negative cells (HEK293) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) that express a basal level of HER2. Treatment with CHO10 in combination with tamoxifen sensitized BT474 cells, tamoxifen-resistant ER-positive breast cancer cell line, toward chemotherapeutic. The anti-tumor activity of CHO10 was validated by the significant reduction in tumor size of NCI-H460 or DLD-1 subcutaneously implanted xenograft tumors through treatment with 1mg/kg five times every other 2days.
Adaptive Silhouette Extraction in Dynamic Environments Using Fuzzy Logic (2006)

Extracting a human silhouette from an image is the enabling step for many high-level vision processing tasks, such as human tracking and activity analysis. Although there are a number of silhouette extraction algorithms proposed in the literature, most approaches work efficiently only in constrained environments where the background is relatively simple and static. In a previous paper, we addressed some of the challenges in silhouette extraction and human tracking in a real-world unconstrained environment where the background is complex and dynamic. We extracted features from image regions, accumulated the feature information over time, fused high-level knowledge with low-level features, and built a time-varying background model. A problem with our system is that by adapting the background model, objects moved by a human are difficult to handle. In order to reinsert them into the background, we run the risk of cutting off part of the human silhouette, such as in a quick arm movement. In this paper, we develop a fuzzy logic inference system to detach the silhouette of a moving object from the human body. Our experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy inference system is very efficient and robust.
Invited Speech: Speechreading: An Overview of Image Processing, Feature Extraction, Sensory Intergration and Pattern Recognition Techiques (1996)

We give an overview of speechreading systems from the perspective of the face and gesture recognition community, paying particular attention to approaches to key design decisions and the benefits and drawbacks. We discuss the central issue of sensory integration -how much processing of the acoustic and the visual in-formation should go on before integration how should it be integrated. We describe several possible practical applications, and conclude with a list of important out-standing problems that seem amenable to attack using techniques developed in the face and gesture recognition community.
New Gyro While Drilling Technology Delivers Accurate Azimuth and Real-Time Quality Control for All Well Trajectories (2014)

Summary In response to the increasing demand for a reduction in the uncertainty of wellbore placement to minimize drilling risks and potential liabilities, a new gyroscopic survey tool capable of operating at any attitude during the drilling process has been developed: an all-attitude gyro while drilling (GWD) tool. Gyro survey systems determine the direction of the survey tool in the wellbore, the tool azimuth, by use of measurements of the horizontal components of Earth's rotation in a process known as gyrocompassing or north finding. Current GWD systems are based on angular rate measurements taken about two axes only. These measurement axes are perpendicular to the direction of the wellbore and perpendicular to each other. Although two-axis systems provide accurate estimates of azimuth near vertical, this accuracy degrades as inclination increases, with the azimuth becoming indeterminate because of a mathematical singularity at 90° inclination. To overcome this, an additional rate measurement about the along-hole axis of the tool needs to be performed. Only gyroscopic instruments with three orthogonal sensitive axes, as adopted in the new tool, are capable of measuring the full horizontal Earth rate signal in all wellbore geometries. This paper describes a number of innovative technological developments that have allowed all-attitude GWD to become a reality, including a new gyroscope designed specifically for the downhole drilling environment, a new system mechanization to control gyroscope biases, a signal-processing technique known as continuous adaptive processing that estimates the g-sensitive bias errors at each gyrocompass station, and a more robust quality control scheme. The new high angle GWD system is well-suited to handle any wellbore-placement needs. These include high inclination kickoffs, infill drilling, relief wells, and the provision of improved accuracy in east/west wells. With the improved reliability of the data comes increased confidence that the resulting survey is representative of the true wellbore trajectory. The detection of gross errors can also be accomplished by comparing real-time GWD and measurement-while-drilling (MWD) data. Further, with the memory multishot capability that is available, reliable high accuracy surveys from section total depth (TD) to surface are generated, verifying both MWD and GWD performance on the trip out and eliminating the need for separate and rig-time-dependent gyroscopic surveys. Finally, a number of case studies are presented to illustrate the performance capabilities of the new gyroscopic system over a range of well trajectories and latitudes. The all-attitude GWD system not only allows the survey-reliability goals to become a reality in a cost-effective manner—as set out in the earlier quality control papers published in conjunction with the SPE Well Positioning Technical Section—but also does this in real time while drilling.
Increased susceptibility of 129SvEvBrd mice to IgE-Mast cell mediated anaphylaxis (2011)

We conclude that 129S5 mice have increased susceptibility to anaphylaxis as compared to BALB/c strain and their increased susceptibility was associated with altered mast cell proliferation and homeostatic tissue levels and responsiveness to histamine. Given the wide spread usage of the 129SvEvBrd strain of mice in experimental gene targeting methodology, these data have important implications for studying IgE-reactions in mouse systems.
The role of calcium in differentiation of leukemic cell lines. (1990)

Increased calcium influx associated with differentiation of four human myeloid leukemic cell lines: HL-60, KG-1, U-937 and K-562, to either monocytic or granulocytic direction was demonstrated. Calcium influx was measured employing two methods; measurement of radioactive calcium influx rate at 4 degrees C and employing the fluorescent probe, fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester. The increase in Ca2+ influx was demonstrated with three chemically unrelated differentiation inducers: retinoic acid, 1 alpha, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 and dimethyl sulfoxide. Inhibitors of calcium uptake such as verapamil diltiazem and cromolyn, partially reduced differentiation, suggesting that differentiation of myeloid leukemic cell lines is dependent on the availability of extracellular calcium.
Anomalous Weak Ferromagnetism in Electron-doped Nd1-xSrxMnO3 (0.50 ¡? x ¡? 0.62) Thin Films (2011)

In the present work, we demonstrate that an anomalous weak ferromagnetism occurs in the composition range 0.50 &lt;= x &lt;= 0.62 in nanostructured thin films of Nd1-xSrxMnO3 (NSMO). Nanocrystalline thin films of overdoped manganite Nd1-xSrxMnO3 (x similar to 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, and 0.62) are grown on single-crystal LaAlO3 (001) substrates by using a nebulized chemical spray pyrolysis technique. These single phase films possess an average crystallite size similar to 15 nm, and the width of the grain boundaries is similar to 1 - 2 nm. In the composition range 0.50 &lt;= x &lt;= 0.62, the ground state of NSMO is an A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) metallic state. However, in the present films, a broad paramagnetic (PM)-to-ferromagnetic (FM) transition is observed in all the compositions, at T-C similar to 226 K for x = 0.50 and at 235 K for rest of the samples. All the films show a well-defined M-H hysteresis loop at 5 K. The coercivity (H-C) of these films is much larger than those having compositions in the range 0.35 &lt; x &lt; 0.45. For x = 0.50 (0.62), the films H-C = -1210 (-1484) Oe and +1162 (+1476) Oe. The asymmetry in the coercivity suggests the presence of a weak exchange bias effect in these films. The FM ground state in these films is observed to have a smaller magnetic moment per Mn atom than the expected full moment from the rigid model; we term this as a weak ferromagnetic (WFM) state arising due to the destabilization of the AFM ordering. We propose a possible scenario based on the combined effect of spin reorganization and enhanced orbital disordering in nanosized manganites to explain the observed anomalous weak ferromagnetism in the A-type AFM spin ordered region.
Unsupervised Machine Learning Discovery of Chemical and Physical Transformation Pathways from Imaging Data (2020)

We show that unsupervised machine learning can be used to learn physical and chemical transformation pathways from the observational microscopic data, as demonstrated for atomically resolved images in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and ferroelectric domain structures in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). To enable this analysis in STEM, we assumed the existence of atoms, a discreteness of atomic classes, and the presence of an explicit relationship between the observed STEM contrast and the presence of atomic units. In PFM, we assumed the uniquely-defined relationship between the measured signal and polarization distribution. With only these postulates, we developed a machine learning method leveraging a rotationally-invariant variational autoencoder (rVAE) that can identify the existing structural units observed within a material. The approach encodes the information contained in image sequences using a small number of latent variables, allowing the exploration of chemical and physical transformation pathways via the latent space of the system. The results suggest that the high-veracity imaging data can be used to derive fundamental physical and chemical mechanisms involved, by providing encodings of the observed structures that act as bottom-up equivalents of structural order parameters. The approach also demonstrates the potential of variational (i.e., Bayesian) methods for physical sciences and will stimulate the development of new ways to encode physical constraints in the encoder-decoder architectures, and generative physical laws, topological invariances, and causal relationships in the latent space of VAEs.
l-cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans (2014)

Further work is required to determine the chronic effect of l-cysteine in rodents and humans on appetite and body weight, and whether l-cysteine contributes towards protein-induced satiety.