gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dihydrogen Binding to Isostructural <i>S</i> = <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> and <i>S</i> = 0 Cobalt Complexes (2012)

Two isostructural, nonclassical Co(H(2)) complexes are prepared from their Co(N(2)) precursors using tris(phosphino)silyl and tris(phosphino)borane ancillary ligands. Comproportionation of CoBr(2) and Co metal in the presence of TPB (tris-(o-diisopropylphophinophenyl)borane) gives (TPB)CoBr (4). One-electron reduction of 4 triggers N(2) binding to give (TPB)Co(N(2)) (2-N(2)) which is isostructural to previously reported [SiP(3)]Co(N(2)) (1-N(2)) ([SiP(3)] = tris-(o-diisopropylphosphinophenyl)silyl). Both 1-N(2) and 2-N(2) react with 1 atm H(2) to generate thermally stable H(2) complexes 1-H(2) and 2-H(2), respectively. Both complexes are characterized by a suite of spectroscopic techniques in solution and by X-ray crystallography. The H(2) and N(2) ligands in 2-H(2) and 2-N(2) are labile under ambient conditions and the binding equilibria are observable by temperature-dependent UV/vis. A van't Hoff analysis allows for the ligand binding energetics to be determined (H(2): ΔH(o) = -12.5(3) kcal mol(-1) and ΔS(o) = -26(3) cal K(-1) mol(-1); N(2): ΔH(o) = -13.9(7) kcal mol(-1) and ΔS(o) = -32(5) cal K(-1) mol(-1)).
Modelling of Cancer Growth, Evolution and Invasion: Bridging Scales and Models (2007)

Since cancer is a complex phenomenon that incorporates events occurring on different length and time scales, therefore multiscale models are needed if we hope to adequately address cancer specific questions. In this paper we present three different multiscale individual-cell-based models, each motivated by cancer-related problems emerging from each of the spatial scales: extracellular, cellular or subcellular, but also incorporating relevant information from other levels. We apply these hybrid models to investigate the influence of the microenvironement on tumour invasion, cell-cell collaboration and competition leading to the initiation and growth of epithelial tumours, and to evolution of cell phenotypes/genotypes arising in tumours growing in different oxygen concentrations. We also discuss how these models relate to one another and can be used to bridge biological scales relevant to cancer.
A new bound of the ℒ2[0, T]-induced norm and applications to model reduction (2002)

We present a simple bound on the finite horizon ℒ2/[0, T]-induced norm of a linear time-invariant (LTI), not necessarily stable system which can be efficiently computed by calculating the ℋ∞ norm of a shifted version of the original operator. As an application, we show how to use this bound to perform model reduction of unstable systems over a finite horizon. The technique is illustrated with a non-trivial physical example relevant to the appearance of time-irreversible phenomena in statistical physics.
Supplementary Excel File 3 from Functional Synergies yet Distinct Modulators Affected by Genetic Alterations in Common Human Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Excel File 3 from Functional Synergies yet Distinct Modulators Affected by Genetic Alterations in Common Human Cancers
SEM metrology for advanced lithographies (2007)

For many years, lithographic resolution has been the main obstacle for keeping the pace of transistor densification to meet Moore's Law. The industry standard lithographic wavelength has evolved many times, from G-line to I-line, deep ultraviolet (DUV) based on KrF, and 193nm based on ArF. At each of these steps, new photoresist materials have been used. For the 45nm node and beyond, new lithography techniques are being considered, including immersion ArF lithography and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. As in the past, these techniques will use new types of photoresists with the capability of printing 45nm node (and beyond) feature widths and pitches. This paper will show results of an evaluation of the critical dimension-scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM)-based metrology capabilities and limitations for the 193nm immersion and EUV lithography techniques that are suggested in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. In this study, we will print wafers with these emerging technologies and evaluate the performance of SEM-based metrology on these features. We will conclude with preliminary findings on the readiness of SEM metrology for these new challenges.
Urological Oncology: Prostate Cancer (2009)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Nov 2009Urological Oncology: Prostate Cancer Patrick C. WalshM.D. Patrick C. WalshPatrick C. Walsh More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.007AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Can Dutasteride Delay or Prevent the Progression of Prostate Cancer in Patients With Biochemical Failure After Radical Therapy? Rationale and Design of the Avodart After Radical Therapy for Prostate Cancer Study 1 : Treatment with finasteride following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Urology1995; 45: 491. Google Scholar Duration of Androgen Suppression in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer 1 : Impact of the duration of adjuvant hormonal therapy in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy: a secondary analysis of RTOG 85-31. J Clin Oncol2009; 27: 2137. Google Scholar © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 182Issue 5November 2009Page: 2311-2314 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Patrick C. Walsh More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Graphene-supported metal oxide monolith (2023)

A composition comprising at least one graphene-supported metal oxide monolith, said monolith comprising a three-dimensional structure of graphene sheets crosslinked by covalent carbon bonds, wherein the graphene sheets are coated by at least one metal oxide such as iron oxide or titanium oxide. Also provided is an electrode comprising the aforementioned graphene-supported metal oxide monolith, wherein the electrode can be substantially free of any carbon-black and substantially free of any binder.
Abstract 385: Characterization of Cellular Infiltrate in Bioprosthetic Aortic and Mitral Valves (2018)

Background: Bioprosthetic xenogeneic valves tend to deteriorate over time, termed structural valve deterioration (SVD), leading to valvular dysfunction. Several studies have hypothesized that SVD is a result of a chronic immune-mediated rejection process; however, a paucity of data exists demonstrating this conclusively. Objectives: Demonstrate that valves explanted for SVD contain a significantly greater burden of immune cellular infiltrate compared to normal human heart valves. Methods: Adult patients undergoing bioprosthetic aortic or mitral valve explantation secondary to a diagnosis of SVD were included in this study. A control arm included valves explanted from hearts without valvular disease considered for transplantation that were not utilized. Specimens underwent immunohistochemical staining using standard techniques utilizing the following primary monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD68, anti-CD20, and anti-CD3. Results: Eighteen valves explanted for SVD were analyzed along with 4 control valves. All valves were explanted from male patients with a mean age of 62-years. Overall, 12% (n=1) of patients had diabetes mellitus, 50% (n=4) had hypertension, 12% (n=1) had renal dysfunction and 38% (n=3) were on a lipid-lowering medication. Our results demonstrate that valves developing SVD have a cellular infiltrate containing significantly more immune cells than normal human valves. Specifically, there are significantly more CD3+ T-cells (p&lt;0.05) and CD68+ macrophages (p&lt;0.05) present in the cellular infiltrate of the SVD valves compared to the normal controls. Furthermore, while the cellular infiltrate of the SVD valves contains CD20+ B-cells, plasma cells, and neutrophils, none of these cells are present on the normal control valves (all p-values &lt;0.05). Conclusions: Our data suggest a significantly greater immune cell infiltrate can be found in explanted bioprosthetic valves developing SVD than normal human valves, providing support for the chronic-immune mediated rejection hypothesis. This study will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the immune mechanisms responsible for SVD in bioprosthetic xenograft valves and will contribute to our goal of developing novel therapeutic techniques to mitigate development of SVD.
Megakaryocyte and Osteoblast Interactions Modulate Bone Mass and Hematopoiesis (2018)

Emerging evidence demonstrates that megakaryocytes (MK) play key roles in regulating skeletal homeostasis and hematopoiesis. To test if the loss of MK negatively impacts osteoblastogenesis and hematopoiesis, we generated conditional knockout mice where Mpl, the receptor for the main MK growth factor, thrombopoietin, was deleted specifically in MK (Mplf/f;PF4cre). Unexpectedly, at 12 weeks of age, these mice exhibited a 10-fold increase in platelets, a significant expansion of hematopoietic/mesenchymal precursors, and a remarkable 20-fold increase in femoral midshaft bone volume. We then investigated whether MK support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function through the interaction of MK with osteoblasts (OB). LSK cells (Lin-Sca1+CD117+, enriched HSC population) were co-cultured with OB+MK for 1 week (1wk OB+MK+LSK) or OB alone (1wk OB+LSK). A significant increase in colony-forming units was observed with cells from 1wk OB+MK cultures. Competitive repopulation studies demonstrated significantly higher engraftment in mice transplanted with cells from 1wk OB+MK+LSK cultures compared to 1wk OB+LSK or LSK cultured alone for 1 week. Furthermore, single-cell expression analysis of OB cultured±MK revealed adiponectin as the most significantly upregulated MK-induced gene, which is required for optimal long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Understanding the interactions between MK, OB, and HSC can inform the development of novel treatments to enhance both HSC recovery following myelosuppressive injuries, as well as bone loss diseases, such as osteoporosis.
Use of k<sub><i>Z</i></sub>‐space for high through‐plane resolution in multislice MRI: Application to prostate (2019)

In conjunction with overlapped slices a k <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> -space-based reconstruction approach can be used to improve through-plane resolution in multislice T2SE MRI. 1 mm resolution is demonstrated from 3.2 mm thick slices. The in vivo results from prostate MRI show improved sharpness when compared to the standard multislice method.
A portable current controlled muscle stimulator (2003)

Portable muscle stimulators for transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (FES) are discussed. They provide a single channel of current-controlled output and are intended to be used in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries. Several safety features have been incorporated to protect patients from device failure or improper calibration. Six prototypes are currently being used in an FES study. Preliminary results indicate that the stimulators are safe, reliable, and effective.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical Measurements for Scientists and Engineers (2018)

With this accessible, introductory guide, you will quickly learn how to use and apply optical spectroscopy and optical microscopy techniques. Focusing on day-to-day implementation and offering practical lab tips throughout, it provides step-by-step instructions on how to select the best technique for a particular application, how to set up and customize new optical systems, and how to analyze optical data. You will gain an intuitive understanding of the full range of standard optical techniques, from fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy to super resolution microscopy. Understand how to navigate around an optics lab with clear descriptions of the most common optical components and tools. Including explanations of basic optics and photonics, and easy-to-understand mathematics, this is an invaluable resource for graduate students, instructors, researchers and professionals who use or teach optical measurements in laboratories.
Discriminative Recognition of Major or Minor DNA Grooves Commutates Between Iron-inducible and Iron-repressible Fur Regulation in the Human Pathogen Helicobacter pylori (2011)

According to the grounding work of Jacob and Monod, transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by modulating their DNA binding affinity in response to a particular signal, or in the presence of a specific cofactor, much akin inducible or repressible on-off switches. Whilst the vast majority of TFs recognize distinct elements through the readout of conserved nucleotide motifs in the major groove of DNA, a few are able to bind specifically in the minor groove.&#13;\nHere we report the finding of a TF able to discriminatively exploit the binding to either the major or the minor DNA groove in order to mediate opposite read-out of the same regulatory signal. This mechanism accounts for the ability of the ferric uptake regulator Fur, a widespread prokaryotic transcriptional regulator involved in metal ion homeostasis and virulence in many bacteria, to repress the expression of both iron-inducible and iron-repressible genes in the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori. &#13;\nIn particular, we demonstrate that Fur exploits the two grooves of DNA to function like a molecular commutator switch. In the apo-form, Fur binds with higher affinity to an iron-induced promoter as dimer, through the readout of thymine dimers in the major groove, contributing to its transcriptional repression under iron-deplete conditions. Conversely, on iron-repressed promoters, the metal ion acts as co-repressor, inducing protein conformational changes that prompt multimerization of the regulator and high affinity binding to the minor groove in occurrence of AT-rich inverted repeats. The latter mechanism appears to involve an Arg residue in helix H1 of the HTH-DNA-binding domain. In addition, molecular modelling and in silico docking indicate that binding to the minor groove involves conformation of the HTH-DNA binding domains of four Fur monomers into a tetrameric DNA clamp.&#13;\nThese results provide evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism that may be exploited also in other bacteria.
Anharmonic atomic vibration of Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>relaxor under high pressure (2011)

characterized with these methods.
Analysis of Protein Function and Comparison of Protein Expression of Different Environment in Soybean using Proteomics Techniques (2015)

재배환경에 따른 단백질 발현을 이차원전기영동을 이용하여 단백질 발현양상을 확인하고 이미지 분석을 통하여 단백질 발현 정도를 수치화하여 비교 분석한 결과, 재배환경에 따른 단백질 발현 양상은 전반적으로 매우 유사하였으며, 주요 단백질의 발현에는 차이가 없었다. 하지만 논과 밭, 즉 재배환경은 단백질의 발현 정도에는 영향을 미치는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 공시품종들 중에서 백천콩은 다른 세 품종과는 다르게 논에서 단백질 발현 정도가 밭에서의 단백질 발현 정도보다 높았다. 이 결과로 보아 품종마다 재배환경에 따른 단백질의 발현 정도에 차이가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 향후, 단백질 총 함량을 재배환경에 따라 비교하고 또한 질량분석을 통하여 증가 또는 감소되는 단백질의 기능을 확일 할 필요가 있다고 사료된다. Soybean is very useful crop to supply vegetable protein for human. Supply of soybean is increased because it has useful ingredient. Recently, cultivation of soybean in paddy field is increasing due to the increase of rice stockpile in Korea. Hence, in this study, expression of protein was identified regarding different environment for cultivation to investigate the effect of different environment on protein expression. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed to investigate the expression of protein using image analysis program to measure degree of protein expression in numerical value. Hannam-kong, Beakcheon-Kong, Hwangkeum-Kong, and Danwon-Kong were used as plant material. 2-DE combined with image analysis revealed that each degree of protein expression of Hannam-Kong and Hwangkeum-Kong in upland field was higher than degree of protein expression in paddy field. However, in case of Beackcheon-Kong, the phenomenon was opposite. In Danwon-kong, the degree of protein expression was not different between up-land field and paddy field. To this end, major protein spots were not different between paddy field and upland field among all cultivars. It could be suggested that protein expression is not severely different by various environment, but different environment affects degree of protein expression.
Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid [BMIm]HSO<sub>4</sub> (2010)

An acidic ionic liquid N-butyl-N-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIm]HSO4) was applied as extractant and catalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophenes (DBT) in the presence of H2O2 in model oil. Several parameters, e.g., catalyst amount, hydrogen peroxide quantity, reaction time, and temperature, were investigated in detail. The catalytic oxidative desulfurization rate can reach 100% for DBT in model oil. The ionic liquid [BMIm]HSO4 can be recycled 5 times with only a slight reduction in activity.
Bus Selection in Multibus DC Microgrids (2010)

DC power systems can be made more reliable by using multiple buses for redundancy. Multiple buses provide multiple configuration options for supplying power to the load. Diode OR'ing with auctioneering diodes is perhaps the most common method to connect a load to multiple buses. Although the diode action is automatic and fault-tolerant, it results in ill-defined bus currents when the bus voltages are similar and the potential for uncontrolled switching in a faulted high-impedance system-operating scenarios not often included in a discussion on auctioneering diodes. Active switching and bus converters with auctioneering diodes are control techniques that overcome these limitations by providing full control over the bus selection process. Using local information in the form of the bus voltage, these techniques do not rely on a centralized controller, which improves system reliability. Dwell time is proposed as a technique to stabilize the state-dependent switching in the bus selector.
The Knob Supination Task: A Semi-automated Method for Assessing Forelimb Function in Rats (2017)

Tasks that accurately measure dexterity in animal models are critical to understand hand function. Current rat behavioral tasks that measure dexterity largely use video analysis of reaching or food manipulation. While these tasks are easy to implement and are robust across disease models, they are subjective and laborious for the experimenter. Automating traditional tasks or creating new automated tasks can make the tasks more efficient, objective, and quantitative. Since rats are less dexterous than primates, central nervous system (CNS) injury produces more subtle deficits in dexterity, however, supination is highly affected in rodents and crucial to hand function in primates. Therefore, we designed a semi-automated task that measures forelimb supination in rats. Rats are trained to reach and grasp a knob-shaped manipulandum and turn the manipulandum in supination to receive a reward. Rats can acquire the skill within 20 ± 5 days. While the early part of training is highly supervised, much of the training is done without direct supervision. The task reliably and reproducibly captures subtle deficits after injury and shows functional recovery that accurately reflects clinical recovery curves. Analysis of data is performed by specialized software through a graphical user interface that is designed to be intuitive. We also give solutions to common problems encountered during training, and show that minor corrections to behavior early in training produce reliable acquisition of supination. Thus, the knob supination task provides efficient and quantitative evaluation of a critical movement for dexterity in rats.
Internal Decontamination of Radiocobalt (1978)

Internal deposition of 58Co and 60Co has frequently occurred in the nuclear industry; however, most accidents involved only trace levels of these radionuclides. Although internal depositions have occurred, there are presently no established procedures to decontaminate victims of internal burdens of radiocobalt. The purpose of this research was to investigate possible chemical agents to remove cobalt from the body. Five recommended methods of decorporating radiocobalt were investigated using 54 ICR-White laboratory mice, each injected intraperitoneally with 5 μCi of 57Co as CoCl2. After a waiting period of 8 days, the mice were administered subcutaneous daily 0.2 cm3 doses of either 0.36 mmol/kg calcium trisodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (CaNa3DTPA), the cobalt form (CoNa3DTPA), or the zinc form (ZnNa3DTPA) of the chelate, 0.2 mg/kg cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), or 0.36 mmol/kg CaNa3DTPA plus oral 0.24 mg/kg penicillamine. Nine control mice received an equivalent volume injection of isotonic saline. Treatment continued for 23 days; 57Co was determined by whole-body counting on days 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 28 and 31. Four mice from each treatment group were then sacrificed to measure cobalt retention in the liver. Only the cobalt trisodium chelate (CoNa3DTPA) had a pronounced effect on increasing the excretion rate of 57Co. CoNa3DTPA reduced the radiocobalt body burden to 66% of the control group and liver retention to 40% of the controls. The difficulties encountered in radiocobalt decorporation are discussed.
Controls in business and IT : formalization and application (2013)

Controls in business are the means used to ensure business operations comply with a set of given rules, such as legal requirements, standards, and policies. Business compliance with regulations has gained particular importance due to the introduction of legislation to prevent business misconduct, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the U.S. One outcome is that controls are more widely used and are often related to Information Technology (IT), because IT systems are used to implement business controls, and because the introduction of IT entails additional control concerns. Thus, control aspects should be an integral part of the analysis and design of information systems. Furthermore, information systems need to be examined for the completeness and correctness of their controls. Despite the importance of controls, no general, well-formalized, framework is available to guide the analysis of control requirements, or the design of controls in systems. This work introduces a conceptual framework for controls, based on an ontological foundation. The framework is built upon the key notion of the control system, from which two complementary views were derived: the Enterprise View (EV) which conceptualizes control as a `thing', and the Process View (PV) which conceptualizes control as an `action'. Based on these views, two concrete applications were developed to evaluate the correctness and usefulness of the underlying conceptual framework. A classification scheme, or a typology, was derived from the EV and can be used to manage control assets. The second application is a process modeling grammar enrichment, which was derived from the PV and is designed to explicitly incorporate control activities in two alternative styles. Both proposed applications were empirically evaluated, concluding their effectiveness in promoting better organizational compliance.