gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Getting a head start: the importance of personal genetics education in high schools. (2012)

With advances in sequencing technology, widespread and affordable genome sequencing will soon be a reality. However, studies suggest that "genetic literacy" of the general public is inadequate to prepare our society for this unprecedented access to our genetic information. As the current generation of high school students will come of age in an era when personal genetic information is increasingly utilized in health care, it is of vital importance to ensure these students understand the genetic concepts necessary to make informed medical decisions. These concepts include not only basic scientific knowledge, but also considerations of the ethical, legal, and social issues that will arise in the age of personal genomics. In this article, we review the current state of genetics education, highlight issues that we believe need to be addressed in a comprehensive genetics education curriculum, and describe our education efforts at the Harvard Medical School-based Personal Genetics Education Project.
Angular domain processing for MIMO wireless systems with non-uniform antenna arrays (2008)

Many recent works have proposed spatial channel models for MIMO applications in the 1 to 10 GHz band. However, recent attention has shifted to the 60 GHz regime where the opening up of the spectrum has created new opportunities for multi-antenna communications. With a broad focus on the 60 GHz regime, we revisit MIMO channel modeling in the classical setting and propose an angular domain decomposition of the channel in this work. In the special case of non-uniform linear arrays, this proposal corresponds to non-uniformly partitioning the angular domain commensurate with the non-uniformity structure of the arrays and estimating the channel gains in each partition with a multi-window spectral estimator. We show that the optimal choice of basis functions that minimize the worst-case bias of the spectral estimator are solutions to certain generalized eigenvalue problems. Based on this structure, we develop a spatial model that generalizes existing MIMO channel modeling paradigms.
Towards Periodic Blade Pitching to Increase Deep Array Power in Wind Plants. (2021)

Horns Rev wind plant (Photo: Vattenfall) Downstream turbines engulfed in wake shadow produce less power Exciting the tip vortex instability is one proposed approach to improving wake recovery Recent authors have found preferred excitation frequencies found in the range of 0.2-0.5 [10-15] Cannon et al. [8]
Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of Iminoacetonitriles: A New Class of Azadienophiles for Hetero Diels—Alder Reactions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Roadmap for Educational Research in Pharmacy (2020)

Educational research must play a critical role in informing practice and policy within pharmacy education. Understanding the educational environment and its impact on students, faculty members, and other stakeholders is imperative for improving outcomes and preparing pharmacy students to meet the needs of 21st century health care. To aid in the design and implementation of meaningful educational research within colleges and schools of pharmacy, this roadmap addresses philosophy and educational language; guidelines for the conduct of educational research; research design, including 4 approaches to defining, collecting, and analyzing educational data; measurement issues; ethical considerations; resources and tools; and the value of educational research in guiding curricular transformation.
Subcortical Vascular Dementia Biomarker Pattern in Mild Cognitive Impairment (2009)

A combination of the biomarkers Abeta(42), T-tau, P-tau(181) and NF-L has the potential to improve the clinical separation of MCI-SVD patients from stable MCI and MCI-AD patients.
Identifying causal gateways and mediators in complex spatio-temporal systems (2015)

Identifying regions important for spreading and mediating perturbations is crucial to assess the susceptibilities of spatio-temporal complex systems such as the Earth's climate to volcanic eruptions, extreme events or geoengineering. Here a data-driven approach is introduced based on a dimension reduction, causal reconstruction, and novel network measures based on causal effect theory that go beyond standard complex network tools by distinguishing direct from indirect pathways. Applied to a data set of atmospheric dynamics, the method identifies several strongly uplifting regions acting as major gateways of perturbations spreading in the atmosphere. Additionally, the method provides a stricter statistical approach to pathways of atmospheric teleconnections, yielding insights into the Pacific-Indian Ocean interaction relevant for monsoonal dynamics. Also for neuroscience or power grids, the novel causal interaction perspective provides a complementary approach to simulations or experiments for understanding the functioning of complex spatio-temporal systems with potential applications in increasing their resilience to shocks or extreme events.
Physical layer frame structure design of OFDM based mobile satellite communication (2015)

As with the development of satellite communication, high speed downlink transmission is an important factor communication systems in the near future. In considering of this demand, we propose an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based transmission strategy for mobile satellite communication. Based on conventional territory wireless communication technology, we explore OFDM frame structure for mobile satellite communication system in order to rise the downlink data transmission speed. Both uplink and downlink transceivers are designed in our work. Being an important factor in satellite communication, link budget calculation skill is provided in detail in this paper. Familiar to LTE system, we design the physical layer frame based on OFDM technique in mobile satellite communication. In addition, channel model that fits for mobile satellite communication is deployed in our system model. After that, we simulate various methods with different coding skills to prove the efficiency of the proposed frame structure.
PRIDE: Predicting Relationships in Conversations (2021)

Automatically extracted interpersonal relationships of conversation interlocutors can enrich personal knowledge bases to enhance personalized search, recommenders and chatbots. To infer speakers' relationships from dialogues we propose PRIDE, a neural multi-label classifier, based on BERT and Transformer for creating a conversation representation. PRIDE utilizes the dialogue structure and augments it with external knowledge about speaker features and conversation style. Unlike prior works, we address multi-label prediction of fine-grained relationships. We release largescale datasets, based on screenplays of movies and TV shows, with directed relationships of conversation participants. Extensive experiments on both datasets show superior performance of PRIDE compared to the state-of-theart baselines.
Quantization and fixed-point arithmetic for MIMO MMSE-IC linear turbo-equalization (2013)

In digital communication applications, floating-point arithmetic is generally used to conduct performance evaluation studies of new proposed algorithms. This is typically limited to theoretical performance evaluation in terms of communication quality and error rates. For a practical implementation perspective, using fixed-point arithmetic instead of floating-point reduces significantly the costs in terms of area occupation and energy consumption. However, this implies a complex conversion process, particularly if the considered algorithm includes complex arithmetic operations with high accuracy requirements and if the target system presents many configuration parameters. In this context, the purpose of the paper is to investigate the influence on error rate performance related to the implementation of minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) linear turbo-equalization algorithm for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems utilizing fixed-point rather than floating-point arithmetic.
PCR Methodology (2010)

PCR methodologies have become firmly entrenched in many clinical laboratories for the detection of a wide range of organisms, because they offer major advantages of improved sensitivity and rapidity over traditional diagnostic methods. However, many variables need to be considered in performing a reliable PCR assay, ranging from nucleic acid extraction, storage, composition of the PCR reaction mix used, to the dynamics of the amplification reaction. To control for these variables, there is an obvious need for standardised reagents and quality assurance programmes to obtain reproducible and clinically significant results. The diagnostic potential of the PCR technology has been greatly enhanced with the development of multiplex, real-time, and quantitative PCR methods, and these are now routinely performed in many diagnostic laboratories. More recently, PCR has been applied to bacterial typing, and a reasonable prediction is that in the near future, bacterial typing will be performed by either some variant of next-generation sequencing, or by HRM analysis of selected markers, depending on the amount of information required.
Detection performance degradation due to signal uncertainties (1988)

Detection of a known signal in white noise using a matched filter depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (signal energy to noise spectral density). As the uncertainties of signal characteristics, such as phase and amplitude, increase, the required SNR must be increased in order to maintain the same detection performance. However, in both cases of known and unknown signals, it is usually tacitly assumed that the signal covers the total bandwidth of the detector and the total integration time. But, in real ocean environments, it is difficult to know the exact signal arrival time and the exact bandwidth required to cover the wide range of Doppler shifts. As a result, the actual detector may utilize a wider bandwidth, and the integration time may extend beyond the signal duration. This paper addresses the problem where the signal duration L is less than or equal to the actual integration time T, and the signal bandwidth B is equal to or less than the actual bandwidth W of the detector. The performance loss is shown as a function of TW/BL as it varies over a range of 1 to 1000, for various combinations of probability of detection and probability of false alarm. [Work supported by NUSC special initiative program.]
Discovery of a SARS-CoV-2 Broadly-Acting Neutralizing Antibody with Activity against Omicron and Omicron + R346K Variants (2022)

ABSTRACT The continual emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, in particular the newly emerged Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, has rendered ineffective a number of previously EUA approved SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody therapies. Furthermore, even those approved antibodies with neutralizing activity against Omicron are reportedly ineffective against the subset of Omicron variants that contain a R346K substitution, demonstrating the continued need for discovery and characterization of candidate therapeutic antibodies with the breadth and potency of neutralizing activity required to treat newly diagnosed COVID-19 linked to recently emerged variants of concern. Following a campaign of antibody discovery based on the vaccination of Harbour H2L2 mice with defined SARS-CoV-2 spike domains, we have characterized the activity of a large collection of Spike-binding antibodies and identified a lead neutralizing human IgG1 LALA antibody, STI-9167. STI-9167 has potent, broad-spectrum neutralizing activity against the current SARS-COV-2 variants of concern and retained activity against the Omicron and Omicron + R346K variants in both pseudotype and live virus neutralization assays. Furthermore, STI-9167 nAb administered intranasally or intravenously provided protection against weight loss and reduced virus lung titers to levels below the limit of quantitation in Omicron-infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. With this established activity profile, a cGMP cell line has been developed and used to produce cGMP drug product intended for use in human clinical trials.
On-chip microcavities coupled to diamond NV centers (2009)

High-Q gallium phosphide (GaP) whispering gallery mode microcavities optically coupled to nitrogen vacancy centers in a single crystal diamond substrate are demonstrated experimentally with Q &gt; 20000.
Microwave cylindrical reflection imaging array for structural damage detection (2002)

The capabilities of microwave sub-surface imaging system for structural damage detection using cylindrical arrays are described. The analytical expressions of the bifocusing procedures are derived. Finally, reconstruction parameters such as resolution and intensity level are discussed and some images from simulations are also shown.
A NEMS array for a signal to noise ratio improvement and mechanical filter design (2008)

Recently, sensors arrays begin to have an increasing attention in NEMS research field. The collective behavior of NEMS resonators systems can largely enhance the performance of resonator based devices (Radio frequency (RF) filters, mass sensors, magnetometers, scanning probe instruments, etc.) while preserving the most attractive features of micro/nanoelectromechanical resonators (superior quality factor, microminiature size, and compatibility with CMOS processes). When the size of the array exceeds hundreds or thousands of resonators, new capabilities can emerge which are unavailable for a single NEMS device. However, mechanical and electrical couplings between the individual NEMS make the whole system difficult to model and to control. Another limitation is the difference in their characteristic individual responses due to fabrication errors in these extremely small scales. Also, these responses, described by the individual transfer functions (ITF) and their quality factors, change according to functioning states and environment. Thus, electronic circuits associated to the electromechanical systems may become inappropriate. In this work, a NEMS array is designed to compensate these limitations and to benefit from the dispersion of the characteristic individual responses. As a result, a fixed known global transfer function (GTF) is obtained that is almost independent of the quality factors changes and which has the desired reference bandwidth resulting in a mechanical filter design. First the system architecture is described. In the second section, the piezoelectric detection is characterized and the electric global response is studied. Finally, simulation results are presented.
On power allocation in adaptive cyclic prefix OFDM (2010)

We consider the problem of the joint allocation of power and cyclic prefix (CP) duration to maximize the system capacity in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). A closed form solution to the problem does not exist and the exhaustive search of the optimal values is practically unfeasible. Therefore, we propose a sub-optimal iterative power allocation algorithm jointly with the CP adaptation to see whether capacity improvements can be obtained w.r.t. the conventional choice of a uniform power distribution over the sub-channels and a predetermined long CP value. Numerical results show that via power and CP adaptation significant improvements can be obtained.
Effect of cytokinins on shoots proliferation and rosmarinic and salvianolic acid B production in shoot culture of Dracocephalum forrestii W. W. Smith (2018)

The current study estimates the effect of different cytokinins on shoot proliferation and biosynthesis of caffeic acid derivatives in Dracocephalum forrestii in vitro culture. The shoots were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium with 1 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and different content of 6-benzyloaminopurine (BAP), zeatin, kinetin (1, 2, 4, 8, 18 µM) or thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 µM). The highest multiplication rate (about seven shoots and/or buds per explant) was obtained after 4 weeks of culture on MS medium with 1 µM IAA and 8 or 16 µM BAP. Optimal biomass of plant material was also received on the same media. The identity of the compounds present in the hydromethanolic extracts from D. forrestii shoots grown on cytokinin-supplemented media was confirmed using UPLC–PDA–ESI–MS method. The analysis revealed the presence of nine metabolites recognized as caffeic acid derivatives. The content of the predominant phenolic acids in the extracts, i.e. rosmarinic acid (RA) and salvianolic acid B (SAB), was determined with UHPLC. The highest yield of RA was found in shoots cultivated in the medium containing 1 µM IAA and 2 µM BAP (18.7 mg/g DW). The highest level of SAB (5.3–5.9 mg/g DW) was identified in multiple shoots grown in the presence of 1 µM IAA and 0.5–1 µM TDZ or 2 µM BAP.
Change in Physiological Data for a Filtering Paradigm and a Selective-Set Paradigm (2000)

We measured the change of ERP during Filtering Paradigm and Selective-set Paradigm. From experiments using these paradigms, we found P300. For the former stimulus, N1 peak potential in ERP increased and the lead position on the scalp changed by the direction of target stimulus. For the latter stimulus, P1 peak potential in ERP increased by the position of target stimulus. From these results, ERP is useful index to measure the response to human attention positions.
Prediction of Aqueous Solubility and Partition Coefficient Optimized by a Genetic Algorithm Based Descriptor Selection Method (2003)

The paper describes a fast and flexible descriptor selection method using a genetic algorithm variant (GA-SEC). The relevance of the descriptors will be measured using Shannon entropy (SE) and differential Shannon entropy (DSE), which have very sparse memory requirements and allow the processing of huge data sets. A small quantity of the most important descriptors will be used automatically to build a value prediction model. The most important descriptors are not a linear combination of other descriptors, but transparent, pure descriptors. We used an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the aqueous solubility logS and the octanol/water partition coefficient logP. The logS data set was divided into a training set of 1016 compounds and a test set of 253 compounds. A correlation coefficient of 0.93 and an empirical standard deviation of 0.54 were achieved. The logP data set was divided into a training set of 1853 compounds and a test set of 138 compounds. A correlation coefficient of 0.92 and an empirical standard deviation of 0.44 were achieved.
In - vitro and in - vivo antiproliferative activity of Byrsocarpus coccineus (Connaraceae) (2016)

The incidence of cancer is on the increase worldwide, and there are concerns of selectivity of action and significant deleterious effects associated with existing anticancer drugs. Based on these facts, tremendous effort is being made worldwide to discover and develop new anticancer agents with better efficacy and safety profile. In this study, various extracts of Byrsocarpus coccineus, a Nigerian medicinal plant, were evaluated for antiproliferative activity in in-vitro and in-vivo assays. The sulforhodamine B (SRB) (in-vitro) using A549 (lung), HCT-116 (colon), PC3 (prostate), A431 (skin), HeLa (cervix), THP-1 (leukemia), NCI-H322 (lung), and COLO-205 (colon) human cancer cell lines, Sarcoma-180 (S-180) ascites and L1210 lymphoid leukemia (in-vivo) antiproliferative assays were used in this study. Based on the standard of 30 µg/mL as the upper IC50 limit for purification of crude extracts, BC-A001 (ethanolic extract; IC50 12 µg/ml with A431); BC-A002 (hydroethanolic extract; IC50 125% considered to depict activity). The results obtained in this study suggest that the extracts of B. coccineus possess significant antitumor activity in-vitro against skin, lung, colon and prostate human cancer cell lines with BC-A002 demonstrating moderate activity in the S-180 ascites model with no activity in the L1210 lymphoid leukemia test.
Absolute partial cross sections for electron-impact ionization of CO from threshold to 1000 eV (2000)

Absolute partial cross sections for electron-impact ionization of CO are reported for electron energies from threshold to 1000 eV. The product ions are mass analysed using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and detected with a position-sensitive detector whose output unequivocally demonstrates that the various product ions are collected with equal efficiency irrespective of their initial kinetic energies. Data are presented for the production of CO+, C+, O+ and CO2+, and for the total cross section which is obtained as the sum of these partial cross sections. The overall uncertainty in the absolute cross section values is ±5% for singly charged parent ions and ±6% for fragment ions. Comparison is made with prior experiments and calculations.
Cooperation in stochastic games through communication (2005)

The application of reinforcement learning principles to the search of equilibrium policies in stochastic games (SGs) has met with some success ([3], [4], [2]). The key insight of this approach is that each agent can learn his own ß-discounted reward equilibrium policy by keeping track of Q-values of all the agents including himself, and considering the Q-value matrix for each state as his payoff matrix. Each agent sees what actions other agents take, and what payoffs they receive. There is some evidence that in practice, agents that do not observe the actions and payoffs of other agents (hereby denoted as imperfectly observing agents), can still learn adversarial equilibrium (AE) policies in general-sum SGs ([1]) using naive Q-learning. Considering the Prisoners' Dilemma stage game (Table 1) as an abstraction of a SG, this implies that, even by ignoring other agents' play, agents still learn to play DD, which is the adversarial equilibrium joint action. The payoff received in DD can be thought of as each agent's security level.
Mannan‐binding protein and complement dependent opsonization in alcoholic cirrhosis (1995)

Mannan-binding protein is synthesized by the liver and functions in first-line host defence by opsonizing mannose-rich microorganisms due to activation of the classical complement pathway independent of Clq, and by an intrinsic ability to opsonize and mediate phagocytosis. We have investigated whether the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis could be explained by low plasma concentrations of mannan-binding protein and impaired complement-dependent opsonization. We examined 51 patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis, 34 who were decompensated and 16 healthy controls. Irrespective of group, we found a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between plasma mannan-binding protein concentration and deposition of the complement opsonin C4 on mannan from baker's yeast. In contrast to what was expected, this kind of opsonization and plasma levels of mannan-binding protein were significantly increased in the patients with decompensated cirrhosis (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, respectively). A significant correlation (0 < 0.05) was found between mannan-binding protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen and haptoglobin in these patients. Though the correlations were weak (rho = 0.49, rho = 0.48 and rho = 0.40, respectively), the elevated levels of mannan-binding protein in the patients with decompensated cirrhosis may reflect an acute phase reaction. It is concluded that plasma levels of mannan-binding protein are increased in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and that complement-dependent opsonization of mannan does not seem to be compromized in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.