gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
20 Meter Solar Sail Analysis and Correlation (2013)

This presentation discusses studies conducted to determine the element type and size that best represents a 20-meter solar sail under ground-test load conditions, the performance of test/Analysis correlation by using Static Shape Optimization Method for Q4 sail, and system dynamic. TRIA3 elements better represent wrinkle patterns than do QUAD3 elements Baseline, ten-inch elements are small enough to accurately represent sail shape, and baseline TRIA3 mesh requires a reasonable computation time of 8 min. 21 sec. In the test/analysis correlation by using Static shape optimization method for Q4 sail, ten parameters were chosen and varied during optimization. 300 sail models were created with random parameters. A response surfaces for each targets which were created based on the varied parameters. Parameters were optimized based on response surface. Deflection shape comparison for 0 and 22.5 degrees yielded a 4.3% and 2.1% error respectively. For the system dynamic study testing was done on the booms without the sails attached. The nominal boom properties produced a good correlation to test data the frequencies were within 10%. Boom dominated analysis frequencies and modes compared well with the test results.
The Quantum Magnetism of Individual Manganese-12-Acetate Molecular Magnets Anchored at Surfaces (2011)

The high intrinsic spin and long spin relaxation time of manganese-12-acetate (Mn(12)) makes it an archetypical single molecular magnet. While these characteristics have been measured on bulk samples, questions remain whether the magnetic properties replicate themselves in surface supported isolated molecules, a prerequisite for any application. Here we demonstrate that electrospray ion beam deposition facilitates grafting of intact Mn(12) molecules on metal as well as ultrathin insulating surfaces enabling submolecular resolution imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy we detect spin excitations from the magnetic ground state of the molecule at an ultrathin boron nitride decoupling layer. Our results are supported by density functional theory based calculations and establish that individual Mn(12) molecules retain their intrinsic spin on a well chosen solid support.
DING Proteins from Phylogenetically Different Species Share High Degrees of Sequence and Structure Homology and Block Transcription of HIV-1 LTR Promoter (2013)

Independent research groups reported that DING protein homologues isolated from bacterial, plant and human cells demonstrate the anti-HIV-1 activity. This might indicate that diverse organisms utilize a DING-mediated broad-range protective innate immunity response to pathogen invasion, and that this mechanism is effective also against HIV-1. We performed structural analyses and evaluated the anti-HIV-1 activity for four DING protein homologues isolated from different species. Our data show that bacterial PfluDING, plant p38SJ (pDING), human phosphate binding protein (HPBP) and human extracellular DING from CD4 T cells (X-DING-CD4) share high degrees of structure and sequence homology. According to earlier reports on the anti-HIV-1 activity of pDING and X-DING-CD4, other members of this protein family from bacteria and humans were able to block transcription of HIV-1 and replication of virus in cell based assays. The efficacy studies for DING-mediated HIV-1 LTR and HIV-1 replication blocking activity showed that the LTR transcription inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values ranged from 0.052-0.449 ng/ml; and the HIV-1 replication IC50 values ranged from 0.075-0.311 ng/ml. Treatment of cells with DING protein alters the interaction between p65-NF-κB and HIV-1 LTR. Our data suggest that DING proteins may be part of an innate immunity defense against pathogen invasion; the conserved structure and activity makes them appealing candidates for development of a novel therapeutics targeting HIV-1 transcription.
Letters to the editor: a scheme for specifying running titles (1969)

No abstract available.
Data from Circulating Cell-Free miR-375 as Surrogate Marker of Tumor Burden in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation. There is an unmet need for MCC-specific blood-based surrogate biomarkers of tumor burden; circulating cell-free miRNA may serve this purpose.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Expression of miR-375 was quantified in 24 MCC and 23 non-MCC cell lines, 67 MCC and 58 non-MCC tumor tissues, sera of 2 preclinical MCC models, and sera of 109 patients with MCC and 30 healthy controls by nCounter human-v2-miRNA expression or miR-375–specific real-time PCR assays. The patients’ sera consisted of two retrospective (discovery and training) and two prospective (validation) cohorts.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;miR-375 expression was high in MCC cell lines and tissues compared with non-MCCs. It was readily detected in MCC-conditioned medium and sera of preclinical models bearing MCC xenografts. miR-375 levels were higher in sera from tumor-bearing patients with MCC than in tumor-free patients or healthy controls (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0005). Moreover, miR-375 serum levels correlated with tumor stage in tumor-bearing (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.037) but not in tumor-free (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.372) patients with MCC. miR-375 serum level showed high diagnostic accuracy to discriminate tumor-bearing and tumor-free patients with MCC as demonstrated by ROC curve analysis in the retrospective cohorts (AUC = 0.954 and 0.800) as well as in the prospective cohorts (AUC = 0.929 and 0.959). miR-375 serum level reflected dynamic changes in tumor burden of patients with MCC during therapeutic interventions.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Circulating cell-free miR-375 proved as a surrogate marker for tumor burden in MCC without restriction to polyomavirus positivity; it thus appears to be useful for therapy monitoring and the follow-up of patients with MCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Design of a 13.56 MHz segmented Helmholtz coil for RF exposure testing of biologics to simulated RFID readers (2009)

The design methodology of a large 13.56 MHz Helmholtz coil with central magnetic field strength of H0 = 5.0 amperes/m is described. This apparatus is for use in protocol testing evaluating any thermal or non-thermal effects on blood and blood product samples that might be caused by long-term exposure to the fields produced by the 13.56 MHz RFID reader antennas. The Helmholtz coil was initially constructed as one continuous inductor; however, stray capacitance prevented it from resonating above 10.17 MHz. It was then successfully reconstructed as a four-segment Helmholtz coil by following methods used in designing Helmholtz coils for use in magnetic resonance imaging. Complete design, construction and testing details of the segmented Helmholtz coil and its RF drive system are given both to enable duplication and as a design guide for similar large Helmholtz coils. Occupational safety recommendations are made to enable safe operation. An application to blood products RF safety testing is discussed.
Photonic Crystal Cavities in Bulk Diamond for Efficient Spin-Photon Interfaces (2017)

We report a new fabrication process of planar photonic crystal nanocavities from bulk diamond. Experimental devices have quality factors Q &gt; 1 × 104 with resonances matched to the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy zero phonon line, allowing for an enhanced spin-photon interface.
Polymer Entrapment in Polymerized Silicate for Preparing Highly Stable Capillary Coatings for CE and CE−MS (2007)

An easy-to-implement capillary coating strategy based on polymer entrapment in the network of polymerized silicate is described. In this manner, cationic polymers are tightly fixed onto the inner wall of the capillary for electroosmotic flow control without necessitating complex surface modification chemistries. The resulting coated capillary exhibited good stability over a wide range of pH, good reproducibility, strong endurance in more than 300 electrophoretic runs, and tolerance of commonly employed organic solvent additives in CE. Applications in CE-MS analysis of biologically important anions as well as sample enrichment are shown. Additionally, it was used as a durable base for attachment of multiple layers of charged polymers on the wall, via electrostatic interaction with the preceding layer. Thus, two novel types of highly stable coated capillaries, one with anodic EOF and the other cathodic, were developed.
Cytotoxic potential of Allium sativum L. roots and their green synthesized nanoparticles supported with metabolomics and molecular docking analyses (2021)

Allium sativum L. (garlic) has received a growing interest as both a food plant and folk remedy with promising antitumor and chemopreventive potential. So far, a large body of research has been conducted on garlic, mostly focusing on the bulbs, yet its roots remain unstudied and are discarded in considerable amounts as vegetable wastes. Accordingly, for the first time, this study examined the potential of A. sativum roots and their green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), breast cancer (Mcf-7), and colon cancer (Caco-2) cells lines. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), UV‒Visible spectroscopy, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Overall, the total ethanolic extract of A. sativum roots (TEEASR) significantly inhibited the growth of Caco-2, Mcf-7, and HepG-2 cells with IC50 values of 2.11 ± 0.03, 21.47 ± 0.15, and 45.12 ± 0.76 µg/mL, respectively, whereas AgNPs exhibited more prominent cytotoxic activity, which in the case of Caco-2 cells, was noticeably greater than doxorubicin (IC50= 0.47 ± 0.04 vs. 2.12 ± 0.04 µg/mL). Additionally, HPLC‒HESI‒HRMS analysis of TEEASR revealed the presence of a variety of metabolites with reported anticancer effects, largely dominated by organosulfur species. Interestingly, the characterized compounds showed moderate to promising binding interactions with the active site of human inositol phosphate multikinase (HIPMK), especially γ-glutamylphenylalanine (6) and allixin (7); highlighting their potential contribution to the notable cytotoxic properties of TEEASR as HIPMK inhibitors. These results might pave the way for the possible therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications of garlic by-products, including the roots, and their biogenic nanoparticles.
Initial experience evaluating 90yttrium-radiolabeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen chimeric T84.66 in a phase I radioimmunotherapy trial. (1995)

Chimeric T84.66 (cT84.66) is a high-affinity (5 x 10(10) M-1) anti-carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) IgG1. In a recently completed pretherapy imaging trial, 111In-labeled cT84.66 demonstrated targeting of CEA-producing metastatic sites and low immunogenicity, with human antichimeric antibody (HACA) response in only 1 of 15 patients after a single administration. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate cT84.66-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid labeled with 90Y in a dose-escalation Phase I trial. Patients with metastatic CEA-producing malignancies received imaging doses of 5 mCi 111In-labeled cT84.66 first, followed 1-2 weeks later by 5 mg cT84.66 labeled with the therapeutic dose of 90Y. Immediately following the therapeutic infusion, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid was administered by continuous i.v. infusion over 3 days at 250 mg/m2 body surface area/24 h. Biodistribution, tumor targeting, absorbed radiation dose estimates, antibody clearance, and HACA response were evaluated through blood samples, 24-h urine collections, and nuclear images performed at serial time points after infusion. To date, three patients with metastatic colorectal cancer have been evaluated at the first dose level of 5 mCi/m2. No side effects were associated with antibody administration. Localization of the antibody to nonhepatic metastatic sites was observed. Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated the formation of CEA:antibody complexes in serum in all three patients. A significant variation among patients in the clearance rate of the antibody and complexes from blood to liver was seen, which resulted in a reciprocal relationship between estimated liver dose and red marrow dose. Patients who demonstrated faster clearance to liver demonstrated greater excretion of a low-molecular-weight metabolite through the urine. Two patients developed HACA response, which persisted at 4 months after therapy. At this first dose level, no tumor responses were seen and reversible grade 1 thrombocytopenia was observed in 2 patients. cT84.66 demonstrated effective localization in CEA-producing tumors. Its low immunogenicity after a single administration makes it attractive for further evaluation as a radioimmunotherapeutic agent. However, further evaluation is needed to determine whether its immunogenicity will remain low after multiple administrations. Additionally, in two of the three patients, we identified rapid clearance of the antibody to the liver. This underscores the need to identify, characterize, and understand further those factors that influence the biodistribution and clearance of anti-CEA antibodies to allow for better selection of patients for therapy and rational planning of radioimmunotherapy.
Super-miniature multi-hot-film probe for sub-Kolmogorov resolution in high-Re turbulence (2011)

The work reported here is motivated by the discovery of far more important role played by the sub-Kolmogorov scales than commonly believed. The first part is devoted to an overview of main results and issues that prompted the present developments. The emphasis is made on a number of manifestations of nonlocal nature of turbulence involving direct and bidirectional coupling of conventionally-defined inertial and dissipative ranges showing (a) that both concepts are ill-posed and (b) that further progress requires sub-Kolmogorov resolution. The second part contains a presentation on design, manufacturing and tests in laboratory of a micro-hot-film sensor using modern micro-fabrication technologies, as a basis for a probe of much smaller scale than available today with access to quantities like vorticity and strain at sub-Kolmogorov scales in high-Reynolds-number flows.
Publisher's Note: Enhanced nonlinear imaging through scattering media using transmission-matrix-based wave-front shaping [Phys. Rev. A <b>94</b>, 043830 (2016)] (2016)

Received 1 November 2016DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.94.059902©2016 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasNonlinear opticsPhysical SystemsRandom & disordered mediaTechniquesOptical microscopyAtomic, Molecular & Optical
Real-Time DSP-Free 100 Gbit/s/λ PAM-4 Fiber Access Link Using EML and Direct Detection (2022)

A 100 Gbit/s/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> PAM-4 fiber link with an optical budget of 30 dB and 20 km fiber reach is achieved in real time experiments. This is compliant with class A (20 dB) point to point (PtP) applications as mobile fronthaul for example, and with class N1 (29 dB) point to multipoint (PtMP) for residential market. We used an integrated externally modulated laser, an analog pre-equalizer, an optical booster amplifier and/or non-filtered preamplifier and direct detection without any digital signal processing (whether real-time or offline).
Review Article : Antiangiogenesis in Neurofibromatosis 1 (2002)

Antiangiogenesis therapy has become a potentially promising tool to inhibit tumor growth by targeting an essential yet untransformed tissue component. Identifying the factors involved and understanding the mechanisms required for tumor angiogenesis will facilitate efficient and specific targeting. In neurofibromas, tumor growth is facilitated by a genetically and cytologically diverse mixture of cell types, including Schwann cells, fibroblast, mast cells, and neurons where nf-/- Schwann cells are most likely the tumorigenic cell type. The matrix forming nf+/- cells may provide a permissive environment, facilitating tumor development, perhaps by providing landscaping factors such as the angiogenic molecules fibroblast growth factor-2, platelet-derived growth factor, endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and midkine, which have been detected in neurofibromas. Systemic overexpression of specific factors such as midkine owing to loss of one nf allele might further lower the overall threshold for tumorigenesis and development of a tumor vasculature. Targeting these heparin-binding growth factors might inhibit not only angiogenesis but also proliferation of tumor cells because most of these factors also stimulate proliferation of neurofibroma-derived Schwann cells. We discuss the role of specific secreted molecules for angiogenesis in tumors of neurofibromatosis 1 and possible Approaches for their targeting. Furthermore, results are discussed that demonstrate the efficacy of antiangiogenesis targeting to inhibit growth of neurofibrosarcomas in experimental animal models.
Use of in situ hybridization to detect human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients without a history of alcohol or tobacco use. (2008)

Abstract Context.—Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is commonly associated with tobacco and alcohol use. There are, however, a group of patients without a significant history of tobacco or alcohol use, and the etiology of these tumors is incompletely understood. Objective.—To examine tumors in this subpopulation for association with human papillomavirus (HPV) using newly available in situ hybridization probes. Design.—Between October 2004 and October 2005, 22 patients who did not use alcohol or tobacco were included. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were used to perform in situ hybridization using newly available probe sets (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, Ariz). The slides were examined for the presence of integrated HPV using light microscopy. Positive and negative xenograft controls were run with the assay. Results.—The mean age of the patients was 64 years. There were 14 men and 8 women. The most common anatomic sites included tongue (n = 8), tonsil (n = 7), and larynx (n = 7). A...
Characterization of Stainless Steel SUS304 Modified by KrF Excimer Laser Implant- Deposition and Its Properties after the Thermal Treatment. (1997)

The characterization of structural and chemical properties of stainless steel (SUS) 304 modified by laser implant-deposition (LID) of Si using a KrF excimer laser has been investigated. The cross sectional transmission microscope (X-TEM) observation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement suggest that LID technique can form the top of the Si deposited layer and the interdiffusion layer between Si and SUS304. In addition, the compounds between Si and Fe such as Fe3Si and FeSi2 are formed in the interdiffusion layer. Under the thermal treatment of 600°C for 1 hour in the N2 atmosphere, the interdiffusion coefficient is as small as - 2.0 × 10-15cm2/s, which is six orders of magnitude smaller than that in the SUS304 deposited on Si by electron beam evaporation. Additionally, the corrosion property of LID-modified SUS304 against an HCl aqueous solution has no remarkable change after the thermal treatment in spite of the deterioration of the characteristics in the EB-evaporated SUS304. Thus, the LID-surface modification can provide the high corrosive properties even if the exposed after the thermal treatment.
N7 dark field two-bar in 0.33NA EUVL: Mitigation of CD Bossung tilts caused by strong coupling between the feature's primary and 1st self-image (2017)

We report a study into intensity-driven mask 3D effects for N7 dark field two-bars in EUVL. For these features, traditional pupil optimization "rules" are advising to center a symmetric leaf shape illumination at the pupil plane location &sigma;Y = (-0.64, 0.64). Experimentally determined critical dimension Bossungs for this exposure condition however yield an extreme best focus separation due to an additional Bossung tilt appearing at defocus values beyond 20 nm for the bottom trench. The Bossung tilts are caused by a strong coupling between the primary image of the two-bar and its first local pitch-induced self-image. The coupling to the self-image can be suppressed and, hence, the overlapping process window can be enhanced by the application of asymmetric sources, or by using standard dipole 90Y or leaf shape illuminations in combination with optimally placed sub-resolution assist features.
Photometric Lunar surface reconstruction (2013)

Accurate photometric reconstruction of the Lunar surface is important in the context of upcoming NASA robotic missions to the Moon and in giving a more accurate understanding of the Lunar soil composition. This paper describes a novel approach for joint estimation of Lunar albedo, camera exposure time, and photometric parameters that utilizes an accurate Lunar-Lambertian reflectance model and previously derived Lunar topography of the area visualized during the Apollo missions. The method introduced here is used in creating the largest Lunar albedo map (16% of the Lunar surface) at the resolution of 10 meters/pixel.
Development of an American Sign Language game for deaf children (2005)

We present a design for an interactive American Sign Language game geared for language development for deaf children. In addition to work on game design, we show how Wizard of Oz techniques can be used to facilitate our work on ASL recognition. We report on two Wizard of Oz studies which demonstrate our technique and maximize our iterative design process. We also detail specific implications to the design raised from working with deaf children and possible solutions.
Monitoring der strahleninduzierten Lungenfibrose im Mausmodell mittels Dünnschicht-Computertomographie (2005)

Ziel: Detektion des Zeitpunktes und typischer Charakteristika einer strahleninduzierten Lungenfibrose in einem Mausmodell unter Verwendung der Dünnschicht-CT in Korrelation mit Histologie und klinischen Parametern.
Differential Sulfation Remodelling of Heparan Sulfate by Extracellular 6-<i>O</i>-Sulfatases Regulates Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Boundary Formation by Glial Cells: Implications for Glial Cell Transplantation (2012)

Previously, it has been shown that rat Schwann cells (SCs), but not olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), form a boundary with astrocytes, due to a SC-specific secreted factor. Here, we identify highly sulfated heparan sulfates (HSs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 1 and 9 as possible determinants of boundary formation induced by rat SCs. Disaccharide analysis of HS in SC-conditioned and rat OEC-conditioned media showed that SCs secrete more highly sulfated HS than OECs. The dependence of the boundary-forming activity on high levels of sulfation was confirmed using a panel of semisynthetic modified heparins with variable levels of sulfation. Furthermore, extracellular HS 6-O-endosulfatase enzymes, Sulf 1 and Sulf 2, were expressed at a significantly lower level by SCs compared with OECs, and siRNA reduction of Sulfs in OECs was, in itself, sufficient to induce boundary formation. This demonstrates a key role for remodelling (reduction) of HS 6-O-sulfation by OECs, compared with SCs, to suppress boundary formation. Furthermore, specific anti-FGF1 and anti-FGF9 antibodies disrupted SC-astrocyte boundary formation, supporting a role for an HS sulfation-dependent FGF signaling mechanism via FGF receptors on astrocytes. We propose a model in which FGF1 and FGF9 signaling is differentially modulated by patterns of glial cell HS sulfation, dependent on Sulf 1 and Sulf 2 expression, to control FGF receptor 3-IIIb-mediated astrocytic responses. Moreover, these data suggest manipulation of HS sulfation after CNS injury as a potential novel approach for therapeutic intervention in CNS repair.