gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adipocyte adaptive immunity mediates diet-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance by decreasing adipose Treg cells (2017)

Abstract Obesity leads to a switch in subsets of CD4 + T cell in adipose tissue, characterized by an increase in IFNγ producing Th1 cells and a decrease in anti-inflammatory regulatory T (Treg) cells, which impairs systemic insulin sensitivity. What signals these changes is unknown. Herein we demonstrate that genetic deficiency of adipocyte MHCII decreases adipose IFNγ expression and increases adipose Treg abundance in obese mice, leading to reduced obesity-induced adipose inflammation and reduced insulin resistance without affecting weight gain. The preserved insulin sensitivity of high fat diet (HFD)-fed adipocyte-specific MHCII knockout (aMHCII −/− ) mice was substantially attenuated by adipose-specific Treg ablation. Adipocytes of aMHCII −/− mice exhibit decreased capacity to stimulate IFNγ production in Th1 cells, whereas HFD-fed IFNγR1 −/− mice were more insulin sensitive and had similarly high levels of Tregs in adipose tissue as aMHCII −/− mice. We further show that IFNγ strongly inhibits IL-33 effects to promote adipose Treg proliferation. Our results identify MHCII in adipocyte as a critical determinant of the obesity-induced adipose T cell subset switch and insulin resistance.
The Diagnosis and Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease in Our Hospital (2018)

PurposeThe frequency of venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) after total hip arthroplasty(THA) is 20–30% and it is serious complication under THA. Therefore it is necessary to detect and prevent VTE. The purpose of this study were examined the frequency of VTE and the factor of incidence of VTE in our hospital.Patients and methodsThe 615 patients(82 men and 533 women) who performed primary THA from Jan. 2006 to Apr. 2011 were examined in this study. The Average age at the operation was 65 years (rage, 20–92 years). MDCT examination was performed the day after operation to detect VTE. 95 patients(15.4%) were positive of VTE and the rest of them were negative. We examined the age at operation, body mass index(BMI), blood loss, operative time, blood soluble fibrin monomer complex(SFMC) in the positive and negative group of VTE. The distance from the tibial joint line to the level of DVT was measured.ResultsAverage age of positive group was 67 years and negative group was 64 years. Positive group was older than nega...
Supplementary Data from Outcome and Immune Correlates of a Phase II Trial of High-Dose Interleukin-2 and Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

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Understanding scalable photovoltaics through liquid deposited nanoparticle precursors (2014)

Solar energy through photovoltaics is an abundant resource, but its feasibility as a major player in the energy landscape will rely heavily on being able to reduce costs through economies of scale. Despite this fact, current production methods are batch oriented, and suffer from poor scalability. Liquid-based semiconductor deposition methods are a promising concept being investigated throughout the world wherein the processes can be scaled. One particular liquid-based deposition method of interest is through the deposition of an ink of semiconducting nanoparticles in suspending solvents. The use of nanoparticle precursors is advantageous since it enables film homogeneity, solution deposition processes, flexibility in substrate choice, and fast processing times. The end result of these advantages is a process that is scalable. Nanoparticle based solar cells pioneered at Purdue University lead the world in this research. The technology relies on the formation of sulfide nanoparticles that are subsequently reacted in a selenium vapor rich environment leading to the formation of a densified selenide thin film. With this process, solar cells can be created from both Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGSe) and the more earth abundant Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide/Selenide (CZTSSe). Due to the great capabilities of this process, many questions have been raised relative to nanoparticle synthesis and film formation, as well as the relationship between the two processes. Presented herein are the results of analyzing the dependencies of nanoparticle synthesis through ex-situ means as well as understanding the film formation through both ex-situ as well as real-time synchrotron-based in-situ energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD). The real-time analysis allows us to probe the basic structure of the film, and watch as the compounds successfully transform from their respective sulfide particles through various intermediates en route to the final selenide film. The insight obtained has allowed hypothesis to be challenged, alternative methods for crystal grain growth, and guided research to increase performance of thin film solar cells from deposited semiconducting nanoparticles.
Response to Comment on “Abiotic Controls on H<sub>2</sub> Production from Basalt−Water Reactions and Implications for Aquifer Biogeochemistry” (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrespondence/Rebut...Correspondence/RebuttalNEXTResponse to Comment on “Abiotic Controls on H2 Production from Basalt−Water Reactions and Implications for Aquifer Biogeochemistry”Todd O. Stevens and James P. McKinleyView Author Information 1710 State Road Mosier, Oregon 97040 Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division P.O. Box 999 Richland, Washington 99352Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 7, 1558–1559Publication Date (Web):February 23, 2001Publication History Published online23 February 2001Published inissue 1 April 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/es001926+Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (31 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Aquifers,Chemical calculations,Dissolved organic matter,Groundwaters,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
Impact of 0.25 μm dual gate oxide CMOS process on the flicker noise characteristics of multi-fingered MOSFETs for wireless applications (2002)

The low frequency noise performance of 0.25 /spl mu/m thin-gate CMOS transistors from the dual gate oxide process and the standard single gate oxide process are evaluated and compared. The results reveal that thin-gate transistors from the dual gate oxide process show an order reduction in the current noise spectra. In general, the low frequency noise behaviour of the fabricated deep-submicrometer MOSFETs is best described by the number fluctuations with correlated mobility fluctuations model.
Materials‐based strategies for multi‐enzyme immobilization and co‐localization: A review (2013)

Immobilized enzymes as biocatalysts have great potential both scientifically and industrially because of their technological and economic importance. Their highly efficient catalytic mechanisms and reusability have made them excellent candidates for green and sustainable applications. Previous studies have primarily focused on single enzyme immobilization. However, there are many situations where a single enzyme cannot completely catalyze reactions and multiple enzymes working together in a cascade are needed. It is very challenging to efficiently drive the multi-step reaction toward the desired direction, which is especially true when reactive intermediates are present. Nature overcomes this limitation through the use of multi-enzyme complexes (MECs) to promote the overall catalytic efficiency, which has inspired researchers to synthesize artificial MECs to controllably enhance the production of the desired compounds in multi-step reaction cascades in vitro. The most common approaches to synthesize artificial MECs are to use genetic engineering techniques to create fusion proteins or to co-localize multiple enzymes on suitable carriers. This review focuses on the latter with a particular emphasis on materials-based approaches to enzyme co-localization, which builds on techniques developed for single enzyme immobilization. The attachment techniques used in single enzyme immobilization are also effective in multiple enzyme co-localization, which has a direct impact on the overall enzyme orientation and activity. For carrier-based strategies, the platforms developed for single enzyme immobilization are also appropriate for attaching and co-localizing multiple enzymes. However, the involvement of multiple components in co-localization brings many challenges. The properties of different enzymes makes co-localization complicated when selecting attachment techniques and platforms to preserve enzymatic activity, because the structure and function of each component enzyme needs to be taken into consideration to preserve the overall enzyme activity. In addition, the relative position of the multiple enzymes in a confined space plays a significant role in the interactions between different enzymes, which makes spatial control important for co-localization. This review focuses on the potential of materials-based approaches for multiple enzyme co-localization for the design of sustainable multi-enzyme biocatalysts. A critical analysis of the attachment techniques and carriers platforms that have been used in enzyme immobilization and multi-enzyme co-localization in vitro is provided.
Human Immune Responses to HTLV-III Virus Infections in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1987)

Abstract : The purpose of the research program is to define immune responses of humans to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and the cause of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Immunodeficiency caused by HIV infections may be due to immune mediated lysis (by antibody and/or HIV specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes CTL) of infected macrophages and T4 lymphocytes. The definitions of these immune responses to HIV virus are needed for rational approaches for therapy and prevention. Since the project began in October, 1986, we have developed an integrated program of research projects to develop experimental systems required for defining the immune responses of humans to HIV. Keywords: AIDS; HIV-1; Retrovirus; Lentivirus; Immunology.
A multiparametric biosensor array for on-chip cell culture with feedback controlled microfluidics (2011)

We present work towards expanding the capabilities of microfluidic cell culture devices through the incorporation of microelectronic sensing systems. A system has been fabricated that includes four sensing regions each consisting of a pH sensor, capacitance sensor, and photodiode. We have demonstrated the incorporation of feedback control systems using computer controlled microfluidics for a pH sensor. Preliminary data for photodiode characterization, pH detection using ISFETs, and capacitance sensing of cell density is presented. Results from this work will be used towards creating a single system that can function as a cell culture platform with programmable control over all of these variables.
Comprehensive characterization of a Canadian cohort of von Hippel‐Lindau disease patients (2019)

Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a heritable condition caused by pathogenic variants in VHL and is characterized by benign and malignant lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and abdominal viscera. Due to its variable expressivity, existing efforts to collate VHL patient data do not adequately capture all VHL manifestations. We developed a comprehensive and standardized VHL database in the web-based application, REDCap, that thoroughly captures all VHL manifestation data. As an initial trial, information from 86 VHL patients from the University Health Network/Hospital for Sick Children was populated into the database. Analysis of this cohort showed missense variants occurring with the greatest frequency, with all variants localizing to the α- or β-domains of VHL. The most prevalent manifestations were central nervous system (CNS), renal, and retinal neoplasms, which were associated with frameshift variants and large deletions. We observed greater age-related penetrance for CNS hemangioblastomas with truncating variants compared to missense, while the reverse was true for pheochromocytomas. We demonstrate the utility of a comprehensive VHL database, which supports the standardized collection of clinical and genetic data specific to this patient population. Importantly, we expect that its web-based design will facilitate broader international collaboration and lead to a better understanding of VHL.
In vivo measurement of local biomarker concentrations (2013)

The reaction has been explored in vitro in solution and the results for a DNA target are provided in Fig. 2. The 24 base pair DNA target can be found with 100 pM sensitivity. Shorter 20 base pair DNA target molecules bound the NPs together with less affinity so the sensitivity is only 2 nM. DNA molecules with incorrect sequencing produced no change in the MSB signal. Thrombin can also be measured with 4 nM sensitivity and streptavidin with 150 pM sensitivity. These proof of concept experiments demonstrate that the method is feasible for hormone concentrations.
Structure of plant photosystem I-plastocyanin complex reveals strong hydrophobic interactions (2021)

Photosystem I is defined as plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Taking advantage of genetic engineering, kinetic analyses and cryo-EM, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into binding and electron transfer between PSI and Pc. Structural data at 2.74 Å resolution reveals strong hydrophobic interactions in the plant PSI-Pc ternary complex, leading to exclusion of water molecules from PsaA-PsaB/Pc interface once the PSI-Pc complex forms. Upon oxidation of Pc, a slight tilt of bound oxidized Pc allows water molecules to accommodate the space between Pc and PSI to drive Pc dissociation. Such a scenario is consistent with the six times larger dissociation constant of oxidized as compared with reduced Pc and mechanistically explains how this molecular machine optimized electron transfer for fast turnover.
Generation of Spatiotemporal optical vortices with arbitrary orbital angular momentum orientation (2022)

We demonstrate a convenient method to generate spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) with arbitrary orbital angular momentum orientation (OAM). The OAM direction is tuned by using a cylindrical lens system.
Pellet Dropper Device for ELM Control on DIII-D* (2007)

On several experimental tokamaks, pellet injection has been found to trigger edge localized modes (ELMs) in H-mode plasmas. This can provide a technique for ELM amelioration by reducing the ELM size with small high-frequency pellets. The key for success appears to be small pellets that penetrate just beyond the separatix, enough to trigger an ELM, but not enough to strongly fuel the plasma. To provide a source of small pellets, a pellet dropper device has been developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and installed on the DIII-D tokamak. The pellet dropper consists of a batch extruder with an exit nozzle to provide a filament of solid deuterium (nominal 1-mm diameter), from which pellets are punched/dropped at rates of up to ≈50 Hz and at speeds of <10 m/s. The pellets are propelled directly downward and through a vertical injection port on DIII-D. In this paper, the design and the initial test results are presented, and the installation on DIII-D is described.
Recent advances in photodetectors with distributed optical amplification (2003)

For the past few years, we have been researching a novel type of photodetector featuring distributed optical amplification. We call these devices traveling-wave amplifier-photodetectors, or TAP detectors. The distributed combination of gain and absorption seeks a larger efficiency while keeping a low optical power, thus avoiding saturation. In this paper, we present experimental results both of GaAs- and InP-based TAP detectors, showing in the former case an external quantum efficiency larger than 200%, and larger than 100% in the latter. The performance limitation is shown to be related to the competition between the optical input signal and the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) generated in the amplifier.
Exploring the surface roughness of small ice crystals by measuring high resolution angular scattering patterns (2011)

Surface roughness of atmospheric ice particles is an important yet poorly investigated microphysical property in the context of the climate impact of cirrus and mixedphase clouds.Measurements of single particle two-dimensional light scattering patterns have been shown to be a promising method to identify particle roughness in natural clouds.This method was applied in a laboratory study on the surface roughness properties of small ice particles that have been grown under simulated cirrus conditions.
Repellent Screening of Selected Plant Essential Oils Against Dengue Fever Mosquitoes Using Behavior Bioassays (2023)

Among the efforts to reduce mosquito-transmitted diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, essential oils (EOs) have become increasingly popular as natural replacements for the repellant DEET. In this study, seven commercially available plant EOs against Aedes species mosquitoes were evaluated for their complete protection time (CPT, min) in vivo using human-hand in cage tests (GB2009/China and WHO2009). Among the EOs with the highest efficacy in repelling mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were clove bud oil and patchouli oil. Both were further assessed according to the in vivo method recommended by the WHO, to determine their minimum effective dose and CPT. A comparison of the ED<sub>50</sub> values (dose yielding a 50% repellent response) of these two EOs against Aedes aegypti(L.) showed that the ED<sub>50</sub> (2.496 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>) of patchouli oil was 1248 times higher than that of clove bud oil (0.002 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>), thus demonstrating them greater efficacy of the latter in repelling Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. For the 2 EOs, eugenol was the major component with higher than 80% in relative amount of the clove bud oil. The patchouli oil had more than 30% of character chemical patchouli alcohol along with α-bulnesene (10.962%), α-guaiene (9.227%), and seychellene (7.566%). Clove bud oil was found to confer longer complete protection than patchouli oil against a common species of mosquito. These results suggest use of EOs as safe, highly potent repellents for use in daily life and against mosquito-transmitted diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever.
Epitaxial growth of single crystal noble metals for plasmonic and nanophotonic applications (2019)

Material quality and crystallinity play an important role in the activity of plasmonic devices. Plasmonic structures made from monocrystalline metals may be expected to display much higher efficiency and stability than polycrystalline devices which are subject to many losses due to the presence of grain boundaries and defects. With the help of a novel epitaxial electroless deposition (EED) chemistry, ultrasmooth gold films can be grown on monocrystalline silver surfaces. In this approach, the electrochemical incompatibility of gold and silver can be overcome in concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (1 M), where the presence of OH⁻ causes a decrease in the reduction potential of gold cations by forming Au(OH)4⁻ complexes (E≈0.56 V), an increase in the oxidation potential of the silver electrode (E≈1.40 V), and acts as a reducing agent. As a result, ultrasmooth monocrystalline gold films are grown with the same crystalline orientation as the underlying silver film. This chemistry enables the growth of gold from a few monolayers up to few hundreds of nanometers uniformly over a large area. Furthermore, this approach enables the fabrication of large area metasurfaces made of gold and silver epitaxially grown nanostructures that can be used in a variety of different applications. The growth of gold films and nanostructures can also be manipulated by the introduction of anionic species during the deposition, and leads to the formation of surface nanostructures with specific shape, due to preferential interaction of the anions with certain facets of the growing crystalline structures. Subtractive fabrication of bowtie nanoantenna devices by focussed ion beam milling of gold films deposited by EED chemistry are compared to those deposited by conventional physical vapour deposition (PVD) methods using two-photon photoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging methods, employed as a proxy for plasmonic excitation. The monocrystalline EED gold films demonstrate excellent pattern transfer characterisitics, functional device yield, improved tailoring of local near fields, as well as increased thermal and mechanical stability compared to devices patterned identically on polycrystalline PVD films. Taken together, the work described in this thesis represents a novel and powerful new approach to the fabrication of monocrystalline noble metal films and nanostructures useful for plasmonic and metamaterial research and application.
<i>In situ</i> ellipsometry growth characterization of dual ion beam deposited boron nitride thin films (2000)

Pure hexagonal h, as well as mixed-phase cubic/hexagonal c/h boron nitride (BN) thin films were deposited onto [001] silicon substrates using the dual ion beam deposition technique. The BN thin films were grown under UHV conditions at different substrate temperatures and ion beam bombarding parameters. Thin-film growth was monitored using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry at 44 wavelengths between 420 and 761 nm. The in situ ellipsometric Ψ and Δ data were compared with two-layer growth model calculations for the mixed-phase c/h BN, and with one-layer growth model calculations for pure h-BN growth. In situ data provide information on the optical properties of deposited h-BN and c/h-BN material, film thickness, and BN growth rates. A virtual interface approach is employed for the optical properties of the silicon substrate. The growth and nucleation of c-BN observed here confirms the cylindrical thermal spike model. The results for composition and thickness of the BN films were compared to those obtained from ex situ infrared transmission measurements and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations.