gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of apolipoprotein A-I with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine particles of various sizes. (1981)

Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) particles of different sizes were prepared by a short sonication of the lipid followed by fractionation on a Sepharose CL-4B column. Column fractions were pooled to give DMPC multilamellar liposomes, and vesicles ranging in average diameters from 300 to 220 A. These particles were used to prepare complexes with bovine apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I). Reaction mixtures covering molar ratios from 2000:1 to 100:1 DMPC/apo A-I were equilibrated at 25 degrees C for over 15 h and were fractionated by gel filtration in order to separate vesicular and micellar protein.lipid complexes. The results indicate that under identical reaction conditions, larger particles with a smaller total surface area per mol of lipid give proportionately more micellar complexes. In fact, the multilamellar liposomes give only micellar complexes at all the initial molar ratios. For the smaller DMPC vesicles, the vesicular complexes are saturated when 6 or 7 apo A-I molecules are bound per particle, which corresponds to 2,83 X 10(4) A2 of vesicle surface per apo A-I and an approximate 16% coverage of the surface by apo A-I.
&lt;title&gt;Transfer of micro-optical structures into GaAs and diamond&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

Transfer of continuous-relief micro-optical structures from resist into GaAs, by use of direct-write electron-beam lithography followed by dry etching in an inductively coupled plasma, is demonstrated. A BCl<SUB>3</SUB>/Ar chemistry has been found to give satisfactory results, N<SUB>2</SUB> and Cl<SUB>2</SUB> have been added to change the selectivity between GaAs and e-beam resist. The transfer process generates smooth etched structures. Distortion of the diffractive structures in the transfer process has been examined. Blazed gratings with a period of 10 micrometers have been optically evaluated using a 940 nm VCSEL. The diffraction efficiency was 67% in the first order with a theoretical value of 87%. Also, simulations of the optical performance for the transfered diffractive elements have been made using Fourier transform of the grating profile. For integrating the optical element with VCSELs there are several possible alternatives. We have fabricated the optical structure on the same substrate that is used for the VCSEL and characterization is presently under way. We also show our initial results on transfer of micro-optical structures from resist into diamond using dry etching.
Eine effiziente und stereoselektive Synthese von <scp>D</scp>‐<i>erythro</i>‐Sphingosin (1988)

An Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of D ‐ erythro ‐Sphingosine A highly stereoselective 3‐step synthesis, leading in 81% overall yield to D ‐ erythro ‐sphingosine ( 8 ), is described. Several further examples for the nucleophilic addition to the serinal derivative 1 are given.
Discovery and Characterization of VU0529331, a Synthetic Small-Molecule Activator of Homomeric G Protein-Gated, Inwardly Rectifying, Potassium (GIRK) Channels (2018)

G protein-gated, inwardly rectifying, potassium (GIRK) channels are important regulators of cellular excitability throughout the body. GIRK channels are heterotetrameric and homotetrameric combinations of the K<sub>ir</sub>3.1-4 (GIRK1-4) subunits. Different subunit combinations are expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery, and most of these combinations contain a GIRK1 subunit. For example, the predominance of GIRK channels in the CNS are composed of GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits, while the GIRK channels in cardiac atrial myocytes are made up mostly of GIRK1 and GIRK4 subunits. Although the vast majority of GIRK channels contain a GIRK1 subunit, discrete populations of cells that express non-GIRK1-containing GIRK (non-GIRK1/X) channels do exist. For instance, dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain, associated with addiction and reward, do not express the GIRK1 subunit. Targeting these non-GIRK1/X channels with subunit-selective pharmacological probes could lead to important insights into how GIRK channels are involved in reward and addiction. Such insights may, in turn, reveal therapeutic opportunities for the treatment or prevention of addiction. Previously, our laboratory discovered small molecules that can specifically modulate the activity of GIRK1-containing GIRK channels. However, efforts to generate compounds active on non-GIRK1/X channels from these scaffolds have been unsuccessful. Recently, ivermectin was shown to modulate non-GIRK1/X channels, and historically, ivermectin is known to modulate a wide variety of neuronal channels and receptors. Further, ivermectin is a complex natural product, which makes it a challenging starting point for development of more selective, effective, and potent compounds. Thus, while ivermectin provides proof-of-concept as a non-GIRK1/X channel activator, it is of limited utility. Therefore, we sought to discover a synthetic small molecule that would serve as a starting point for the development of non-GIRK1/X channel modulators. To accomplish this, we used a high-throughput thallium flux assay to screen a 100 000-compound library in search of activators of homomeric GIRK2 channels. Using this approach, we discovered VU0529331, the first synthetic small molecule reported to activate non-GIRK1/X channels, to our knowledge. This discovery represents the first step toward developing potent and selective non-GIRK1/X channel probes. Such molecules will help elucidate the role of GIRK channels in addiction, potentially establishing a foundation for future development of therapies utilizing targeted GIRK channel modulation.
Genetic linkage mapping of chromosome 17 markers and neurofibromatosis type I. (1989)

The von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene has been localized to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 17. We have screened six multigenerational families with multiple, tightly linked markers to aid in mapping this region of the chromosome. More than 150 members in six families were typed with probes including HHH202, D17Z1, EW203, EW206, EW207, EW301, pA10-41, D17S37, and D17S36. Two-point lod scores for NF1 versus all markers were calculated. HHH202 demonstrated the tightest linkage to NF1 with theta = .0, z = 3.86 (95% confidence limits [CL] of theta = .0-.13), suggesting that HHH202 be considered as a potential candidate marker for use in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Pairwise marker-to-marker lod scores were used in examining the most likely order of subsets of the markers. Of those tested, the most likely order was (pter)-pA10-41-EW301-D17Z1-HHH202-NF1-E W206-EW207-EW203-(qter). In addition, we have ascertained an NF1 x NF1 half-cousin mating in which there are four affected family members who are potentially homozygous for the disease gene. Two of these four individuals have been sampled and typed for marker loci. When their D17Z1 genotypes are considered, the probability that both these individuals are heterozygous is 85%.
A Mechanism of Oxygen Free Radical Production in the Dahl Hypertensive Rat (1999)

These findings indicate that xanthine oxidase-derived oxygen free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of salt-induced hypertension.
Measurement of the 21Ne Zeeman frequency shift due to Rb-21Ne collisions (2000)

We compared the frequency shift of the 21Ne Zeeman resonance induced by polarized Rb vapor to the shift induced in the 3He Zeeman resonance. The 3He/Rb shift has recently been measured with high precision, permitting the conversion of our differential measurement to an absolute value for the 21Ne/Rb shift. We report a value of K = 31.8 +/- 2.8 for the Rb/21Ne enhancement factor at a temperature of 124.8 +/- 1.9 C. We propose high-precision differential contact shift measurements, the absolute accuracy of which would be limited by the error in the 3He contact shift.
Post‐transcriptional suppression of pathogenic prion protein expression in <i>Drosophila</i> neurons (2003)

A wealth of evidence supports the view that conformational change of the prion protein, PrPC, into a pathogenic isoform, PrPSc, is the hallmark of sporadic, infectious, and inherited forms of prion disease. Although the central role played by PrPSc in the pathogenesis of prion disease is appreciated, the cellular mechanisms that recognize PrPSc and modulate its production, clearance, and neural toxicity have not been elucidated. To address these questions, we used a tissue-specific expression system to express wild-type and disease-associated PrP molecules heterologously in Drosophila melanogaster. Our results indicate that Drosophila brain possesses a specific and saturable mechanism that suppresses the accumulation of PG14, a disease-associated insertional PrP mutant. We also found that wild-type PrP molecules are maintained in a detergent-soluble conformation throughout life in Drosophila brain neurons, whereas they become detergent-insoluble in retinal cells as flies age. PG14 protein expression in Drosophila eye did not cause retinal pathology. Our work reveals the presence of mechanisms in neurons that specifically counterbalance the production of misfolded PrP conformations, and provides an opportunity to study these processes in a model organism amenable to genetic analysis.
Air-Stable and Environmentally Friendly Full Color-Emitting ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots for Display Applications (2022)

We have developed a nontoxic method of synthesizing blue-emitting ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), which can be employed to realize QD-based electroluminescent displays. By introducing excessive metal halides without highly toxic hydrofluoric acid, we achieved a very high photoluminescence quantum yield reaching 94%. Furthermore, for the first time, air-stable ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnS QDs were demonstrated by employing simple surface ligand exchange performed both in solution and solid states. Various spectroscopic studies revealed that initial carboxylate ligands could be very effectively replaced by our simple ligand exchange at room temperature. In addition, we significantly broadened the spectral range of QDs by increasing the Te ratio of the core; therefore, green- and red-emitting ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnS QDs were demonstrated. The air-stable Zn-based QDs with full color emission developed in our study can be used as superior emitters in displays.
Pteridine fluorescence in age-determination of immature Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). (2019)

In the practice of forensic entomology, the chronological age of the maggots retrieved from the cadaver is used to determine the minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) i.e. minimum time of death. The conventional method of aging the maggots is based on measuring the growth rate of these maggots. Although effective, the constraint associated with conventional method necessitates the development of new age determination method, such as pteridine determination. Pteridine, a by-product of protein metabolism in insects is known to correlate with the age of a variety of dipterans. A number of studies were conducted on aging the adults of forensically important flies. In this study, pteridine was extracted from Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies maggots of known age using established methods and determined by measuring the fluorescence at excitation of 330nm and the emissions between 350nm and 600nm. Results exhibited significant positive linear relationships between the pteridine accumulations and age of the fly immature. Pteridine determination is a potential new age determination tool that can be used to determine mPMI.
Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Polyherbal Formulation Used in Chronic Wound Healing (2021)

In the present study, we have shown that extracts of <i>JT</i> formulations possess potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that could be involved in chronic wound healing activity and has the potential to be used as external add-on therapy in the management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections at the wound.
An Improved Near Term 14 MeV Neutron Test Facility for Fusion Power Plant Materials (2017)

A near term, low cost 14 MeV neutron materials test facility has been designed that allows significant radiation damage (dpa, appm He, etc.) levels to be achieved typical of those that will be experienced in DT Demonstration or commercial DT power plants. The design described in this paper produces peak damage levels of ≈4–6 dpa/fpy in 15 cm3 and has ≈600 cm3 test volume covering the damage range from 1 to 6 dpa/fpy. The total active tritium inventory in the test facility is less than 1 g and the overall construction costs are also roughly unchanged from an earlier (2015) design. The time to initial operation remains at ≈4 years from the start of construction because it builds on an on-going project for radioisotope production already under construction. This latest facility design has the possibility to provide a 2 MW-y/m2, 14 MeV neutron exposure to first wall materials in less than 4 fpy’s of operation.
An intrinsically eye safe approach to high apparent brightness augmented reality displays using computer‐generated holography (2021)

Abstract Achieving the luminance of real‐world scenes is a challenge for many display technologies. Computer‐generated holography offers a number of advantages, due to both the high optical efficiency and the ability to redistribute available luminous flux to individual points. This is important while displaying sparse content that needs to be clearly perceived against a bright background in augmented reality. In this work, we consider a range of optical architectures and analyze the impact of each element on the overall display luminance. We conclude that the range of holographic projector efficiencies can vary from 50% to 0.05%, with the average of 3%. An example holographic projector with 2% efficiency is built to evaluate the analysis. Using a low‐power RGB laser module, outputting 1.78 mW, a mean luminance of 30,000 cd/m2 has been attained. In the presence of sparse content, peak luminance exceeding 300,000 cd/m2 is demonstrated. Both the calculation and the measurements confirm that by using holography, it is possible to achieve a display that is sufficiently bright to be clearly viewable in daylight, in a manner that can be intrinsically eye safe. The image is projected against daytime sky and appears several times brighter, hence adding visual validation to the analysis.
Computationally-Efficient Synchrophasor Estimation: Delayed in-quadrature Interpolated DFT (2023)

The paper proposes a synchropahsor estimation (SE) algorithm that leverages the use of a delayed in-quadrature complex signal to mitigate the self-interference of the fundamental tone. The estimator, which uses a three-point IpDFT combined with a three-cycle Hanning window, incorporates a new detection mechanism to iteratively estimate and remove the effects caused by interfering tones within the out-of-band interference (OOBI) range. The main feature of the method is its ability to detect interfering tones with an amplitude lower than that adopted by the IEC/IEEE Std. 60255-118, this detection being notably challenging. Furthermore, it simultaneously satisfies all the accuracy requirements for the P and M phasor measurement unit (PMU) performance classes, while offering a reduction in the total computational cost compared to other state-of-the-art techniques. Despite an increase in total memory requirements, a preliminary analysis reveals its suitability for implementation on embedded devices.
Efficacy of E-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2′-Deoxyuridine in the Topical Treatment of Herpetic Keratitis in Rabbits and Man (1981)

Topical BVDU [(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine] application (i.e. 0.1% BVDU eye drops) has proven to be highly efficacious in the treatment of both epithelial and stromal herpes simplex keratitis, both in rabbits and humans.
Dental Calculus Stimulates Interleukin-1β Secretion by Activating NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human and Mouse Phagocytes (2016)

Dental calculus is a mineralized deposit associated with periodontitis. The bacterial components contained in dental calculus can be recognized by host immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and induce transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. Studies have shown that cellular uptake of crystalline particles may trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to the cleavage of the IL-1β precursor to its mature form. Phagocytosis of dental calculus in the periodontal pocket may therefore lead to the secretion of IL-1β, promoting inflammatory responses in periodontal tissues. However, the capacity of dental calculus to induce IL-1β secretion in human phagocytes has not been explored. To study this, we stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with dental calculus collected from periodontitis patients, and measured IL-1β secretion by ELISA. We found that calculus induced IL-1β secretion in both human PMNs and PBMCs. Calculus also induced IL-1β in macrophages from wild-type mice, but not in macrophages from NLRP3- and ASC-deficient mice, indicating the involvement of NLRP3 and ASC. IL-1β induction was inhibited by polymyxin B, suggesting that LPS is one of the components of calculus that induces pro-IL-1β transcription. To analyze the effect of the inorganic structure, we baked calculus at 250°C for 1 h. This baked calculus failed to induce pro-IL-1β transcription. However, it did induce IL-1β secretion in lipid A-primed cells, indicating that the crystalline structure of calculus induces inflammasome activation. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite crystals, a component of dental calculus, induced IL-1β in mouse macrophages, and baked calculus induced IL-1β in lipid A-primed human PMNs and PBMCs. These results indicate that dental calculus stimulates IL-1β secretion via NLRP3 inflammasome in human and mouse phagocytes, and that the crystalline structure has a partial role in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Immittance matching for multidimensional open-system photonic crystals (2003)

An electromagnetic (EM) Bloch wave propagating in a photonic crystal (PC) is characterized by the immittance (impedance and admittance) of the wave. The immittance is used to investigate transmission and reflection at a surface or an interface of the PC. In particular, the general properties of immittance are useful for clarifying the wave propagation characteristics. We give a general proof that the immittance of EM Bloch waves on a plane in infinite one- and two-dimensional (2D) PCs is real when the plane is a reflection plane of the PC and the Bloch wave vector is perpendicular to the plane. We also show that the pure-real feature of immittance on a reflection plane for an infinite three-dimensional PC is good approximation based on the numerical calculations. The analytical proof indicates that the method used for immittance matching is extremely simplified since only the real part of the immittance function is needed for analysis without numerical verification. As an application of the proof, we describe a method based on immittance matching for qualitatively evaluating the reflection at the surface of a semi-infinite 2D PC, at the interface between a semi-infinite slab waveguide (WG) and a semi-infinite 2D PC line-defect WG, and at the interface between a semi-infinite channel WG and a semi-infinite 2D PC slab line-defect WG.
Altered Immune Response of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1-Deficient Mice against<i>Plasmodium berghei</i>Blood-Stage Malaria Infection (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived biological mediator which can be induced in various cell types and is able to cause many metabolic changes in target cells. Inhibition of tumor cell growth and antimicrobial activity has been attributed to the stimulation of NO production by transcriptional upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. In the present study, we used mice devoid of functional interferon regulatory factor 1 by targeted gene disruption (IRF-1(-/-)) to investigate the role of NO in the host immune response against blood-stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. IRF-1(-/-) mice survived longer with a later onset of and a lower peak parasitemia despite the inability to produce appreciable levels of NO. The administration of exogenous interleukin-12 (IL-12) was able to prolong survival in the wild-type mice with an upregulation in the expression of both gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and NO. However, the administration of IL-12 did not improve the survival of IRF-1(-/-) mice. These studies indicate that while IL-12 is able to mediate protection via an IFN-gamma- and NO-dependent pathway in the wild-type mice, such a protective mechanism may not be functional in the IRF-1(-/-) mice. Our results suggest that NO may not be essential for host immunity to the parasite and that IRF-1(-/-) mice are able to induce an IFN-gamma- and NO-independent mechanism against P. berghei infection.
Learning how to match fresco fragments (2011)

One of the main problems faced during reconstruction of fractured archaeological artifacts is sorting through a large number of candidate matches between fragments to find the relatively few that are correct. Previous computer methods for this task provided scoring functions based on a variety of properties of potential matches, including color and geometric compatibility across fracture surfaces. However, they usually consider only one or at most a few properties at once, and therefore provide match predictions with very low precision. In this article, we investigate a machine learning approach that computes the probability that a match is correct based on the combination of many features. We explore this machine learning approach for ranking matches in three different sets of fresco fragments, finding that classifiers based on many match properties can be significantly more effective at ranking proposed matches than scores based on any single property alone. Our results suggest that it is possible to train a classifier on match properties in one dataset and then use it to rank predicted matches in another dataset effectively. We believe that this approach could be helpful in a variety of cultural heritage reconstruction systems.
Angular and energy distributions of surface produced H− and D− ions in a barium surface conversion source (1994)

The production of negative hydrogen and deuterium ions is studied in the foundation for fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie surface conversion experiment. In this experiment a Barium surface is used to convert positive ions into negative ions. We have developed a detector able to analyze the characteristics of the surface produced negative ion beam. Measurements with this detector show that in barium surface conversion sources negative ions can be formed by recoiling and direct reflection of positive ions from the barium surface. The broad angular distribution of the surface produced negative ions is determined to extend over 16°.
[Adhesion molecule JAM-A, its function and mechanism of epigenetic regulation]. (2018)

The article represents evidence about structures, properties and functions of adhesion molecule JAM-A/1 belonging to JAM subfamily. This protein plays an important role in epithelial tight junction formation and immune function. Current article focuses on the role of JAM-A protein in pathogenesis associated to ageing: atherosclerosis, apoplexy, thrombosis, hypertension, ophthalmological pathology. We propose short peptides Lys-Glu, Lys-Glu-Asp, and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly could influence on F11R gene expression that leads to recovery of JAM-A synthesis in cells.