gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concordant but Varied Phenotypes among Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patient-Specific Myoblasts Derived using a Human iPSC-Based Model (2016)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) remains an intractable genetic disease. Althogh there are several animal models of DMD, there is no human cell model that carries patient-specific DYSTROPHIN mutations. Here, we present a human DMD model using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Our model reveals concordant disease-related phenotypes with patient-dependent variation, which are partially reversed by genetic and pharmacological approaches. Our "chemical-compound-based" strategy successfully directs hiPSCs into expandable myoblasts, which exhibit a myogenic transcriptional program, forming striated contractile myofibers and participating in muscle regeneration in vivo. DMD-hiPSC-derived myoblasts show disease-related phenotypes with patient-to-patient variability, including aberrant expression of inflammation or immune-response genes and collagens, increased BMP/TGFβ signaling, and reduced fusion competence. Furthermore, by genetic correction and pharmacological "dual-SMAD" inhibition, the DMD-hiPSC-derived myoblasts and genetically corrected isogenic myoblasts form "rescued" multi-nucleated myotubes. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a human "DMD-in-a-dish" model using hiPSC-based disease modeling.
Pediluma (2010)

We present Pediluma, a shoe accessory that tracks and visualizes the wearer's physical activity by varying the intensity of a lighted enclosure. In particular, the more physically active the wearer is, the more the device glows. We hoped the desire to maintain a positive, "glowing" state would encourage users to engage in more physical activity. We describe our two-week, four-condition, 18-participant deployment and user study. Results indicate participants wearing our device were more physically active than participants in our three control groups (each isolating different design and experimental factors). We share the many lessons we learned from our iterative design, post-deployment data analysis and interviewers with participants.
Entity Abstraction in Visual Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (2019)

This paper tests the hypothesis that modeling a scene in terms of entities and their local interactions, as opposed to modeling the scene globally, provides a significant benefit in generalizing to physical tasks in a combinatorial space the learner has not encountered before. We present object-centric perception, prediction, and planning (OP3), which to the best of our knowledge is the first fully probabilistic entity-centric dynamic latent variable framework for model-based reinforcement learning that acquires entity representations from raw visual observations without supervision and uses them to predict and plan. OP3 enforces entity-abstraction -- symmetric processing of each entity representation with the same locally-scoped function -- which enables it to scale to model different numbers and configurations of objects from those in training. Our approach to solving the key technical challenge of grounding these entity representations to actual objects in the environment is to frame this variable binding problem as an inference problem, and we develop an interactive inference algorithm that uses temporal continuity and interactive feedback to bind information about object properties to the entity variables. On block-stacking tasks, OP3 generalizes to novel block configurations and more objects than observed during training, outperforming an oracle model that assumes access to object supervision and achieving two to three times better accuracy than a state-of-the-art video prediction model that does not exhibit entity abstraction.
Empirical Models and Parameters for Rural and Indoor Wideband Radio Channels At 2.45 and 5.25 GHZ (2006)

The modeling results from wideband radio channel measurements are presented for two environments: rural and indoor. The paper focuses on the average and instantaneous characteristics of received power including: path loss, shadow fading, power delay profiles, and rms delay spreads. Furthermore, the cross correlation between shadowing of the path loss and the delay spread is investigated and found to be large. Doppler measurement campaigns were conducted in both environments, at 2.45 GHz and 5.25 GHz along the same measurement routes, with 100 MHz bandwidth. In this paper it is shown that we may apply 2.45 GHz band small scale models into 5.25 GHz band. It can be also seen, as for the measured scenarios, on average, the difference in terms of path loss between 2.45 GHz and 5.25 GHz in line-of-sight indoor environment, where waveguide effect is encountered, is c.a. 8 dB, instead in rural outdoor the mentioned difference is c.a. 6 dB.
Towards the Essentials of Cyberlogical Testing: Methodologies for Inculcating Knowledge Based Systems with Social Intelligence (2000)

Knowledge rich symbolic reasoning systems can play an important role in the construction of socially intelligent agents. Drawing on my experiences with building Cyc, I will describe methodologies for constructing such entities. Where humans figure into the system construction loop as well as the system application loop will be described. Although such a nonembodied system will suffer from certain limitations I will describe ways in which they may usefully contribute to application and theory relevant to Socially Intelligent Agents.
Solvable problems in enterprise digital rights management (2007)

Purpose Digital rights management (DRM) is often promoted as the technical basis for solutions to enterprise security problems requiring persistent protection. Yet to date, DRM has failed to take hold within the enterprise sphere. This paper aims to examine some possible reasons for the slow adoption of enterprise DRM. Design/methodology/approach It is argued that contrary to the common perception current DRM technology is sufficiently robust for use in enterprise applications. Then three problems that may serve as barriers to enterprise DRM adoption, namely, trustworthy authentication, access policy management and the lack of compelling enterprise applications that require DRM are discussed. Finally, brief examples are presented drawn from the real world that illustrate that the first two barriers can be overcome, and it is argued that regulatory compliance is the “killer app” that will drive enterprise DRM adoption. Findings Finds, amongst other things, that technical weakness in enterprise DRM systems, especially regarding authentication and authorization, can be addressed with relatively simple mechanisms. Originality/value This paper points up the need for more sophisticated enterprise DRM solutions.
Aldosterone-induced proteins: characterization using lectin-affinity chromatography (1985)

Aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport in toad urinary bladder is associated with the synthesis of a specific group of proteins whose induction appears to be related to the natriferic effect of the hormone. These aldosterone-induced proteins (AIPs) occur in two slightly different molecular weight classes (around 70 kDa), each class being composed of several proteins with discrete isoelectric points (range, 5.5-6.0). Because glycosylation is a common cause of such electrophoretic polymorphism and microheterogeneity, we examined whether these proteins are glycoproteins. Tunicamycin (a specific inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) inhibited aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport and AIP synthesis without affecting overall protein synthesis. The vast majority of epithelial cell proteins did not bind to the mannose-specific lectin, concanavalin A-sepharose. In contrast, both classes of AIPs bound to concanavalin A-sepharose, but the affinities of the higher and lower molecular weight proteins were markedly different: the former were readily eluted with 0.2 M alpha-methyl-D-mannoside alone, whereas the latter could only be eluted with 0.4 M alpha-methyl-D-mannoside in combination with high concentrations of NaCl (2.5-5.0 M). These studies indicate that 1) glycosylation is important in the natriferic response to aldosterone, 2) the AIPs are N-linked mannose-containing glycoproteins, and 3) the electrophoretic polymorphism of the AIPs is due, at least in part, to differences in glycosylation. Furthermore, concanavalin A-affinity chromatography provides a simple means for the partial purification of these putative "effectors" of the cellular action of aldosterone.
Apelin‐13 treatment enhances the stability of atherosclerotic plaques (2018)

Apelin-13 treatment for 3 weeks did not alter the lesion size, but it significantly enhanced the stable phenotype of atherosclerotic plaques and improved serum lipid profile. These results indicate that activation of apelin system decreases plaque vulnerability.
Human bone marrow stromal cell precursors: Identification and developmental potential (1995)

In conclusion, monoclonal antibody STRO-1 has proved to be an extremely valuable reagent for the identification, isolation and functional characterisation of human bone marrow stromal cell precursors. We are beginning to construct a detailed picture of their cell surface phenotype and have developed assays to examine the conditions required for their growth and differentiation. In recent work we have succeeded in generating bone cells from STRO-1+ marrow cells. In the future we hope to determine whether multipotential stromal stem cells exist in human bone marrow and to establish culture conditions that selectively promote either self renewal or development along any given pathway of stromal cell differentiation. Such cells would be an ideal target for gene therapy and may provide a means of treating disorders of the haemopoietic system with a suspected stromal etiology, such as aplastic anaemia, or to replace stromal tissue damaged by intensive chemotherapy regimens. Such potential applications must however, await the development of conditioning regimens that facilitate the efficient transplantation of marrow stromal cells,
Cd3P2/Zn3P2 Core-Shell Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Optical Properties (2022)

II-V semiconductor nanocrystals such as Cd<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> have enormous potential as materials in next-generation optoelectronic devices requiring active optical properties across the visible and infrared range. To date, this potential has been unfulfilled due to their inherent instability with respect to air and moisture. Core-shell system Cd<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>/Zn<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> is synthesized and studied from structural (morphology, crystallinity, shell diameter), chemical (composition of core, shell, and ligand sphere), and optical perspectives (absorbance, emission-steady state and time resolved, quantum yield, and air stability). The improvements achieved by coating with Zn<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> are likely due to its identical crystal structure to Cd<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> (tetragonal), highlighting the key role crystallographic concerns play in creating cutting edge core-shell NCs.
Use of Coated Silver Nanoparticles to Understand the Relationship of Particle Dissolution and Bioavailability to Cell and Lung Toxicological Potential (2013)

Since more than 30% of consumer products that include engineered nanomaterials contain nano-Ag, the safety of this material is of considerable public concern. In this study, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are used to demonstrate that 20 nm polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP or P) and citrate (C)-coated Ag NPs induce more cellular toxicity and oxidative stress than larger (110 nm) particles due to a higher rate of dissolution and Ag bioavailability. Moreover, there is also a higher propensity for citrate 20 nm (C20) nanoparticles to generate acute neutrophilic inflammation in the lung and to produce chemokines compared to C110. P110 has less cytotoxic effects than C110, likely due to the ability of PVP to complex released Ag(+) . In contrast to the more intense acute pulmonary effects of C20, C110 induces mild pulmonary fibrosis at day 21, likely as a result of slow but persistent Ag(+) release leading to a sub-chronic injury response. Interestingly, the released metallic Ag is incorporated into the collagen fibers depositing around airways and the lung interstitium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that size and surface coating affect the cellular toxicity of Ag NPs as well as their acute versus sub-chronic lung injury potential.
Role of Vitamin D Receptor in the Antiproliferative Effects of Calcitriol in Tumor-Derived Endothelial Cells and Tumor Angiogenesis <i>In vivo</i> (2009)

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), the major active form of vitamin D, is antiproliferative in tumor cells and tumor-derived endothelial cells (TDEC). These actions of calcitriol are mediated at least in part by vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is expressed in many tissues including endothelial cells. To investigate the role of VDR in calcitriol effects on tumor vasculature, we established TRAMP-2 tumors subcutaneously into either VDR wild-type (WT) or knockout (KO) mice. Within 30 days post-inoculation, tumors in KO mice were larger than those in WT (P < 0.001). TDEC from WT expressed VDR and were able to transactivate a reporter gene whereas TDEC from KO mice were not. Treatment with calcitriol resulted in growth inhibition in TDEC expressing VDR. However, TDEC from KO mice were relatively resistant, suggesting that calcitriol-mediated growth inhibition on TDEC is VDR-dependent. Further analysis of the TRAMP-C2 tumor sections revealed that the vessels in KO mice were enlarged and had less pericyte coverage compared with WT (P < 0.001). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed an increase in vascular volume of TRAMP tumors grown in VDR KO mice compared with WT mice (P < 0.001) and FITC-dextran permeability assay suggested a higher extent of vascular leakage in tumors from KO mice. Using ELISA and Western blot analysis, there was an increase of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB levels observed in tumors from KO mice. These results indicate that calcitriol-mediated antiproliferative effects on TDEC are VDR-dependent and loss of VDR can lead to abnormal tumor angiogenesis.
Abstract 14: Predicting Hemorrhagic Transformation in Ischemic Stroke - Very Low Cerebral Blood Volume versus Permeability Analysis (2013)

Background and purpose: Hemorrhagic transformation is the major complication of reperfusion therapies and carries a high risk of disability and death. Very low cerebral blood volume (VLCBV) and increased blood brain barrier permeability, both markers of severe ischemia, have been proposed as imaging predictors of hemorrhage risk. We aimed to compare the prognostic power of these two approaches using data from the DEFUSE 2 study. Methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients had perfusion-diffusion MRI before and within 12 hr after endovascular therapy. Baseline cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps were generated and the volume of VLCBV (CBV&lt;2.5 th percentile of the normal hemisphere) was calculated. Permeability was assessed using two recirculation parameters: "relative recirculation" (rR): the difference in area encompassed by the observed tissue-concentration curve and a theoretical fit of the first pass bolus; and "percent recovery" (%Recovery): the difference in signal intensity between peak bolus and average post-bolus. Parenchymal hematoma (PH) was defined using ECASS criteria. Reperfusion was defined as &gt;50% reduction in Tmax&gt;6sec lesion volume between baseline and post-procedure MRI. Logistic regression models were compared using Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Results: In DEFUSE 2, MRI prior to catheter angiography was performed in 110 patients, 59 had tPA pre-treatment and 25 developed PH. In 103 patients with technically adequate acute perfusion MR, preliminary receiver operating characteristic analysis identified &gt;40%rR and &lt;50%Rec as the optimal thresholds to assess the volume of tissue with increased permeability. In logistic regression, PH was associated with increased VLCBV (p=0.02) and rR permeability (p=0.05) but not %Recovery (p=0.17). The VLCBV model had better fit than rR permeability (BIC difference +2.1) and there was no significant interaction between parameters (p=0.33). Reperfusion was strongly associated with PH (p=0.01) and improved fit of the VLCBV model (BIC +7.2). Conclusions: VLCBV was a stronger predictor of early PH after reperfusion than permeability parameters in patients treated with endovascular therapy.
A Gathered Images Analysis Method to Evaluate Sound Sleep (2019)

This paper proposes a method to evaluate a sound sleep using an image gathering technique and its analysis techniques. The proposed method consists of three phases; gathered images generation, gathered images analysis and sound sleep evaluation. The gathered images designed to gather sleep postures and their changes are generated at 1 second, 10 seconds, 1 minute, 10 minutes, 1 hour intervals and all times, respectively. In the gathered image analysis, the gathered images are analyzed by calculating difference values among the gathered images of 10-minute and all times. Then, the sound sleep conditions are evaluated by visual inspection and analysis results. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct experiments using real movies and their images. In experimental results, we confirm that there were sound sleep conditions, bad sleep conditions and borderline cases, respectively, by checking subjective evaluation using questionnaire and generated gathered images visually. Moreover, we confirm that calculated difference values among the gathered images of 10-minute and all times are different between sound sleep and otherwise. Furthermore, the analyzed results show that the proposed method was successful in the sleep conditions classifications on four subjects out of five subjects. These results suggest that the gathered images analysis method is effective when evaluating whether sleep condition is sound sleep. In particular, it is important to calculate the difference values among the gathered images of 10-minute and all times to evaluate sleeping conditions.
Retroviruses and diabetes in animal models: hypotheses for the induction of the disease. (1995)

This review examines the association between retroviruses and diabetes in the mouse model, the role of retroviruses in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes and the mechanisms by which retroviruses can induce an autoimmune reaction. Three putative mechanisms are considered: the expression of retroviral protein(s) on the beta-cell surface as the first step in immune response against beta cells; the homology of a retroviral product with a self antigen inducing a cross-reacting autoimmune response (molecular mimicry); and a retroviral product showing homology with interleukin-2 and inducing T-cell activation against beta-cell antigens and loss of tolerance. These findings are discussed for their possible implications in the pathogenesis of human Type 1 diabetes.
Engineered hepatitis B virus surface antigen L protein particles for in vivo active targeting of splenic dendritic cells (2012)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of adaptive T-cell responses. By capturing exogenous antigens and presenting antigen-derived peptides via major histocompatibility complex molecules to naïve T cells, DCs induce antigen-specific immune responses in vivo. In order to induce effective host immune responses, active delivery of exogenous antigens to DCs is considered important for future vaccine development. We recently generated bionanocapsules (BNCs) consisting of hepatitis B virus surface antigens that mediate stringent in vivo cell targeting and efficient endosomal escape, and after the fusion with liposomes (LP) containing therapeutic materials, the BNC-LP complexes deliver them to human liver-derived tissues in vivo. BNCs were further modified to present the immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc-interacting domain (Z domain) derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A in tandem. When mixed with IgGs, modified BNCs (ZZ-BNCs) displayed the IgG Fv regions outwardly for efficient binding to antigens in an oriented-immobilization manner. Due to the affinity of the displayed IgGs, the IgG-ZZ-BNC complexes accumulated in specific cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo. After mixing ZZ-BNCs with antibodies against DCs, we used immunocytochemistry to examine which antibodies delivered ZZ-BNCs to mouse splenic DCs following intravenous injection of the ZZ-BNCs. ZZ-BNCs displaying anti-CD11c monoclonal antibodies (α-CD11c-ZZ-BNCs) were found to accumulate with approximately 62% of splenic DCs, and reside within some of them. After the fusion with liposomes containing antigens, the α-CD11c-ZZ-BNCs could elicit the respective antibodies more efficiently than other nontargeting control vaccines, suggesting that this DC-specific nanocarrier is promising for future vaccines.
Depressive Symptoms Predict 12-month Prognosis in Elderly Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (2002)

Depression after AMI is a significant predictor of 1-year cardiac events for Japanese population, and its presence augments the risk especially in the elderly patients.
Long-term follow-up of patients with minimal sentinel node tumor burden (&lt; 0.1mm) according to Rotterdam criteria: A study of the EORTC Melanoma Group (2009)

9005 Background: Many studies have identified Sentinel Node (SN) tumor burden as a prognostic factor for additional non- SN (NSN) positivity and / or disease-free (DFS) and melanoma specific survival (MSS). It remains unclear if pts with minimal SN tumor burden can safely be managed without Completion Lymph Node Dissection (CLND). Pts with minimal SN tumor burden might be at risk for late recurrences (&gt; 5 years). Methods: Slides of 595 SN positive patients were reviewed for this pan-European study collaboration in 5 major centers. Slides were reviewed for the microanatomic location and SN tumor burden according to the Rotterdam Criteria (&lt; 0.1mm, 0.1 - 1.0mm and &gt; 1.0 mm) for the maximum diameter of the largest metastasis. MSS, DFS and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were calculated, as was NSN positivity. Results: In 595 SN positive pts, the mean and median Breslow thickness was 4.73 and 3.5 mm. Ulceration was present in 51% of melanomas. 67 pts had metastases &lt; 0.1 mm (11%), 226 pts (38%) had 0.1 - 1.0 mm metastases and 302 pts had metastases &gt; 1.0 mm (51%). Mean and median follow-up was 48 and 40 months for all patients (range 1 - 172). Patients with metastases &lt; 0.1 mm had mean and median follow-up of 61 and 57 months, 46% (31pts) had follow up &gt; 5 years and 25% (17 pts) had follow-up longer than 80 months (range 3 - 132). 5-year MSS rates were 94% for metastases &lt; 0.1 mm, 70% for 0.1 - 1.0 mm and 57% for &gt; 1.0 mm (p&lt;0.001). 5-year DMFS rate was 91% for metastases &lt; 0.1 mm. NSN positivity occurred in 5% of &lt; 0.1mm, 17% of 0.1 - 1.0 and 29% of metastases &gt; 1.0 mm (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: This large multicenter experience (n=595) has demonstrated that long-term follow-up of melanoma patients with minimal SN tumor burden (&lt; 0.1 mm) indicates very low relapse rates and excellent MSS, seemingly identical to SN negative patients. With prolonged follow-up, an increase in the occurrence of relapses of any kind between 5 and 10 years follow up has not been identified, and excellent 10-year survival rates are expected. No significant financial relationships to disclose.