gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome sequences of Human Adenovirus 14 isolates from mild respiratory cases and a fatal pneumonia, isolated during 2006-2007 epidemics in North America (2010)

The data suggest that the currently circulating strain of HAdV-14 is closely related to the historically recognized prototype throughout its genome, though it does display a couple of potentially functional mutations in the fiber knob and E1A genes. There are no polymorphisms that suggest an obvious explanation for the divergence in severity between outbreak events, suggesting that differences in outcome are more likely environmental or host determined rather than viral genetics.
WITHDRAWN: Deep Reinforcement Learning based Preventive Maintenance Policy for Serial Production Lines (2020)

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113701. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
Automatic Mass Balancing of a Spacecraft Three-Axis Simulator: Analysis and Experimentation (2013)

Spacecraft three-axis simulators provide frictionless and, ideally, torque-free hardware simulation platforms that are crucial for validating spacecraft attitude determination and control strategies. To reduce the gravitational torque, the distance between the simulator center of mass and the center of rotation needs to be minimized. This work proposes an automatic mass balancing system for spacecraft simulators, which uses only the three sliding masses during the balancing process, without need of further actuators. The proposed method is based on an adaptive nonlinear feedback control that aims to move, in real time, the center of mass toward the spacecraft simulator’s center of rotation. The stability of the feedback system and the convergence of the estimated unknown parameter (the distance between the center of mass and the center of rotation) are analyzed through Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed method is experimentally validated using the CubeSat Three-Axis Simulator at the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory of the Naval Postgraduate School.
Experimental evidence and modeling studies support a synchronizing role for electrical coupling in the cat thalamic reticular neurons <i>in vivo</i> (2004)

Thalamic reticular (RE) neurons are crucially implicated in brain rhythms. Here, we report that RE neurons of adult cats, recorded and stained intracellularly in vivo, displayed spontaneously occurring spikelets, which are characteristic of central neurons that are coupled electrotonically via gap junctions. Spikelets occurred spontaneously during spindles, an oscillation in which RE neurons play a leading role, as well as during interspindle lulls. They were significantly different from excitatory postsynaptic potentials and also distinct from fast prepotentials that are presumably dendritic spikes generated synaptically. Spikelets were strongly reduced by halothane, a blocker of gap junctions. Multi-site extracellular recordings performed before, during and after administration of halothane demonstrated a role for electrical coupling in the synchronization of spindling activity within the RE nucleus. Finally, computational models of RE neurons predicted that gap junctions between these neurons could mediate the spread of low-frequency activity at great distances. These experimental and modeling data suggest that electrotonic coupling within the RE nucleus plays an important role in the generation and synchronization of low-frequency (spindling) activities in the thalamus.
Observations of Bromine Monoxide Transport In the Arctic Sustained on Aerosol Particles (2017)

Abstract. The return of sunlight in the polar spring leads to production of reactive halogen species from the surface snowpack, significantly altering the chemical composition of the Arctic near-surface atmosphere and the fate of long-range transported pollutants, including mercury. Recent work has shown the initial production of reactive bromine at the Arctic surface snowpack; however, we have limited knowledge of the vertical extent of this chemistry, as well as the lifetime and possible transport of reactive bromine aloft. Here, we present bromine monoxide (BrO) and aerosol particle measurements obtained during the March 2012 BRomine Ozone Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) near Utqiagvik (Barrow), AK. The airborne differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements provided an unprecedented level of spatial resolution, over two orders of magnitude greater than satellite observations and with vertical resolution unable to be achieved by satellite methods, for BrO in the Arctic. This novel method provided quantitative identification of a BrO plume, disconnected from the surface, moving at the speed of the air mass. This lofted reactive bromine plume was transported and maintained at elevated levels through heterogeneous reactions on co-located supermicron aerosol particles, independently of surface snowpack bromine chemistry. This chemical transport mechanism significantly increases the spatial extent of this reactive bromine chemistry, impacting atmospheric composition and pollutant fate across the region, beyond the area of initial snowpack halogen production. This process must be considered in the interpretation of satellite BrO observations and examined in the context of the rapidly changing Arctic sea ice and snowpack.
Endothelin-1 Stimulates Arterial VCAM-1 Expression Via NADPH Oxidase-Derived Superoxide in Mineralocorticoid Hypertension (2003)

Although hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, its underlying mechanisms remain to be delineated. We have recently reported that both endothelin-1 (ET-1) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels, key early markers of atherosclerosis, are significantly elevated in carotid arteries of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, a model known for its suppressed plasma renin levels. This study tested the hypothesis that ET-1 augments arterial VCAM-1 expression through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide (O2-). Carotid arteries of DOCA-salt or sham-operated rats were transduced ex vivo with extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), dominant negative HA-tagged N17Rac1 that inhibits Rac1, the small GTPase component of NADPH oxidase, or beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter gene (5x10(10) plaque formation units [pfu]/mL), and the effect of transgene expression on O2- and VCAM-1 levels was assayed 24 hours afterward. The arterial activity of NADPH oxidase but not xanthine oxidase was significantly higher in DOCA-salt than in sham rats, which was abolished by the selective ETA receptor antagonist ABT-627 (3x10(-8) mol/L), NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (10(-4) mol/L), or dominant negative Rac1 gene transfer. The levels of O2- and VCAM-1 were significantly increased in arteries of DOCA-salt rats, an effect that was ameliorated after EC-SOD or dominant negative Rac1 but not beta-gal reporter gene transfer. ABT-627 and apocynin also significantly reduced elevated VCAM-1 levels in ET-1-treated arteries of normal rats and arteries of DOCA-salt rats. The results of this study indicate that ET-1 stimulates arterial VCAM-1 expression by producing O2- from an ETA receptor/NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin mineralocorticoid hypertension.
On Automating and Standardising Corpus Callosum Analysis in Brain MRI (2005)

Corpus callosum analysis is influenced by many factors. The effort in controlling these has previously been incomplete and scattered. This paper sketches a complete pipeline for automated corpus callosum analysis from magnetic resonance images, with focus on measurement standardisation. The presented pipeline deals with i) estimation of the mid-sagittal plane, ii) localisation and registration of the corpus callosum, iii) parameterisation and representation of its contour, and iv) means of standardising the traditional reference area measurements.
F110 Development of High-Density Cold Latent-Heat Transportation Medium using Clathrate Hydrate. (2001)

Advanced clathrate hydrate slurry (CHS) has been developed using tetra-n-butyl-ammonium bromide by NKK. The CHS has latent heat over the temperature range of 5〜12℃ which are the common temperature range for the conventional water-cooling air-conditioning system. The CHS has advantages as a cold transportaion medium compared with water due to a greater cooling capacity. The characteristics of the CHS obtained by a series of experiments, operation results of a CHS system under an actual cooling load, and results of feasibility study are reported in this paper.
Improving explicit seismic depth migration with a stabilizing Wiener filter and spatial resampling (2006)

Abstract We present a new approach to the design and implementation of explicit wavefield extrapolation for seismic depth migration in the space-frequency domain. Instability of the wavefield extrapolation operator is addressed by splitting the operator into two parts, one to control phase accuracy and a second to improve stability. The first partial operator is simply a windowed version of the exact operator for a half step. The second partial operator is designed, using the Wiener filter method, as a band-limited, least-squares inverse of the first. The final wavefield extrapolation operator for a full step is formed as a convolution of the first partial operator with the complex conjugate of the second. This resulting wavefield extrapolation operator can be designed to have any desired length and is generally more stable and more accurate than a simple windowed operator of similar length. Additional stability is gained by reducing the amount of evanescent filtering and by spatially downsampling the lower temporal frequencies. The amount of evanescent filtering is controlled by building two operator tables, one corresponding to significant evanescent filtering and the other to very little evanescent filtering. During the wavefield extrapolation process, most steps are taken with the second table while the first is invoked only for roughly every tenth step. Also, the data are divided into frequency partitions that are optimally resampled in the spatial coordinates to further enhance the performance of the extrapolation operator. Lower frequencies are downsampled to a larger spatial sample size. Testing of the algorithm shows accurate, high-angle impulse responses and run times comparable to the phase shift method of time migration. Images from trial depth migrations of the Marmousi model show very high resolution.
Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease in Children: Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (2004)

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by a permanent sensitivity to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. It occurs in children and adolescents with gastrointestinal symptoms, dermatitis herpetiformis, dental enamel defects, osteoporosis, short stature, delayed puberty and persistent iron deficiency anemia and in asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Williams syndrome, selective immunoglobulin (Ig)A deficiency and first degree relatives of individuals with celiac disease. The Celiac Disease Guideline Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition has formulated a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric celiac disease based on an integration of a systematic review of the medical literature combined with expert opinion. The Committee examined the indications for testing, the value of serological tests, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing and histopathology and the treatment and monitoring of children with celiac disease. It is recommended that children and adolescents with symptoms of celiac disease or an increased risk for celiac disease have a blood test for antibody to tissue transglutaminase (TTG), that those with an elevated TTG be referred to a pediatric gastroenterologist for an intestinal biopsy and that those with the characteristics of celiac disease on intestinal histopathology be treated with a strict gluten-free diet. This document represents the official recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition on the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children and adolescents.
A Survey on Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systems (2023)

Recommender systems have been widely applied in different real-life scenarios to help us find useful information. In particular, reinforcement learning (RL)-based recommender systems have become an emerging research topic in recent years, owing to the interactive nature and autonomous learning ability. Empirical results show that RL-based recommendation methods often surpass supervised learning methods. Nevertheless, there are various challenges in applying RL in recommender systems. To understand the challenges and relevant solutions, there should be a reference for researchers and practitioners working on RL-based recommender systems. To this end, we first provide a thorough overview, comparisons, and summarization of RL approaches applied in four typical recommendation scenarios, including interactive recommendation, conversational recommendation, sequential recommendation, and explainable recommendation. Furthermore, we systematically analyze the challenges and relevant solutions on the basis of existing literature. Finally, under discussion for open issues of RL and its limitations of recommender systems, we highlight some potential research directions in this field.
Rescue of Auditory Function by a Single Administration of AAV- <i>TMPRSS3</i> Gene Therapy in Aged Mice of Human Recessive Deafness DFNB8 (2023)

Patients with mutations in the <i>TMPRSS3</i> gene suffer from recessive deafness DFNB8/DFNB10 for whom cochlear implantation is the only treatment option. Poor cochlear implantation outcomes are seen in some patients. To develop biological treatment for TMPRSS3 patients, we generated a knock-in mouse model with a frequent human DFNB8 <i>TMPRSS3</i> mutation. The <i>Tmprss3</i> <sup><i>A306T/A306T</i></sup> homozygous mice display delayed onset progressive hearing loss similar to human DFNB8 patients. Using AAV2 as a vector to carry a human <i>TMPRSS3</i> gene, AAV2-h <i>TMPRSS3</i> injection in the adult knock-in mouse inner ears results in <i>TMPRSS3</i> expression in the hair cells and the spiral ganglion neurons. A single AAV2-h <i>TMPRSS3</i> injection in aged <i>Tmprss3</i> <sup><i>A306T/A306T</i></sup> mice leads to sustained rescue of the auditory function, to a level similar to the wildtype mice. AAV2-h <i>TMPRSS3</i> delivery rescues the hair cells and the spiral ganglions. This is the first study to demonstrate successful gene therapy in an aged mouse model of human genetic deafness. This study lays the foundation to develop AAV2-h <i>TMPRSS3</i> gene therapy to treat DFNB8 patients, as a standalone therapy or in combination with cochlear implantation.
Humanized virus-suppressing factor inhibits hepatitis B virus infection by targeting viral cell entry (2021)

Although nucleos(t)ide analogs and interferons suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, they must be taken continuously and have a low response rate. Therefore, therapeutics for HBV with novel modes of action are needed. Humanized virus-suppressing factor (hzVSF) is a monoclonal antibody against vimentin that exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Here, hzVSF significantly inhibited HBV infection. Although hzVSF inhibited HBV RNA production, it did not affect viral transcription from minicircle DNA mimicking covalently closed circular DNA. Additionally, hzVSF did not inhibit viral protein or DNA release from infected cells. Rather, hzVSF inhibited the cell entry of viral preS1 peptides, possibly by altering intracellular vimentin localization, which is important for HBV cell entry. These results suggest that hzVSF has therapeutic potential for HBV infection with a novel mode of action.
Dexamethasone-Enhanced Microdialysis and Penetration Injury (2020)

Microdialysis probes, electrochemical microsensors, and neural prosthetics are often used for <i>in vivo</i> monitoring, but these are invasive devices that are implanted directly into brain tissue. Although the selectivity, sensitivity, and temporal resolution of these devices have been characterized in detail, less attention has been paid to the impact of the trauma they inflict on the tissue or the effect of any such trauma on the outcome of the measurements they are used to perform. Factors affecting brain tissue reaction to the implanted devices include: the mechanical trauma during insertion, the foreign body response, implantation method, and physical properties of the device (size, shape, and surface characteristics. Modulation of the immune response is an important step toward making these devices with reliable long-term performance. Local release of anti-inflammatory agents such as dexamethasone (DEX) are often used to mitigate the foreign body response. In this article microdialysis is used to locally deliver DEX to the surrounding brain tissue. This work discusses the immune response resulting from microdialysis probe implantation. We briefly review the principles of microdialysis and the applications of DEX with microdialysis in (i) neuronal devices, (ii) dopamine and fast scan cyclic voltammetry, (iii) the attenuation of microglial cells, (iv) macrophage polarization states, and (v) spreading depolarizations. The difficulties and complexities in these applications are herein discussed.
Inverse square Levy walk emerging universally in goal-oriented tasks (2023)

The Levy walk in which the frequency of occurrence of step lengths follows a power-law distribution, can be observed in the migratory behavior of organisms at various levels. Levy walks with power exponents close to 2 are observed, and the reasons are unclear. This study aims to propose a model that universally generates inverse square Levy walks (called Cauchy walks) and to identify the conditions under which Cauchy walks appear. We demonstrate that Cauchy walks emerge universally in goal-oriented tasks. We use the term "goal-oriented" when the goal is clear, but this can be achieved in different ways, which cannot be uniquely determined. We performed a simulation in which an agent observed the data generated from a probability distribution in a two-dimensional space and successively estimated the central coordinates of that probability distribution. The agent has a model of probability distribution as a hypothesis for data-generating distribution and can modify the model such that each time a data point is observed, thereby increasing the estimated probability of occurrence of the observed data. To achieve this, the center coordinates of the model must be moved closer to those of the observed data. However, in the case of a two-dimensional space, arbitrariness arises in the direction of correction of the center; this task is goal oriented. We analyze two cases: a strategy that allocates the amount of modification randomly in the x- and y-directions, and a strategy that determines allocation such that movement is minimized. The results reveal that when a random strategy is used, the Cauchy walk appears. When the minimum strategy is used, the Brownian walk appears. The presence or absence of the constraint of minimizing the amount of movement may be a factor that causes the difference between Brownian and Levy walks.
(A structural assessment of the role of the cell surface carbohydrates of Rhizobium in the Rhizobium/legume symbiosis) (1991)

Research continued on the study of cell surface carbohydrates of Rhizobium. Objectives include: To characterize, at a structural level, the differences between the lipopolysaccharides of a representative number of strains from different Rhizobium species to determine which features of LPS structure are species-specific and might, therefore, be determinants of host specificity. Determine the effect(s) of nod gene induction on the structure of Rhizobium lipopolysaccharides and determine whether synthesis of a modified LPS molecule or a new surface glycoconjugate is initiated by nod gene induction. Develop a non-chemical means for rapidly screening large numbers of bacterial strains in order to determine which glycoconjugate structural features are conserved between strains of the same species. Provide the necessary structural information which, when coupled with developments in the rapidly expanding field of Rhizobium genetics, should lead to a clear understanding of the role of Rhizobium surface glycoconjugates in host/symbiont interactions. Progress is discussed.
High throughput screening of starch structures using carbohydrate microarrays (2016)

In this study we introduce the starch-recognising carbohydrate binding module family 20 (CBM20) from Aspergillus niger for screening biological variations in starch molecular structure using high throughput carbohydrate microarray technology. Defined linear, branched and phosphorylated maltooligosaccharides, pure starch samples including a variety of different structures with variations in the amylopectin branching pattern, amylose content and phosphate content, enzymatically modified starches and glycogen were included. Using this technique, different important structures, including amylose content and branching degrees could be differentiated in a high throughput fashion. The screening method was validated using transgenic barley grain analysed during development and subjected to germination. Typically, extreme branching or linearity were detected less than normal starch structures. The method offers the potential for rapidly analysing resistant and slowly digested dietary starches.