gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase Equilibria of Binary and Ternary Systems Containing ILs, Dodecane, and Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (2012)

This paper reports both the binary and ternary phase behavior of ionic liquids for extracting cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CCA) from dodecane. This system is a model for the extraction of acids representative of naphthenic acids found in crude oils. In order to develop an effective ternary liquid-liquid extraction system the preliminary selection of ionic liquids was based on CCA miscibility and the dodecane immiscibility with selected ILs. A wide range of ILs based on different cations, anions, cation alkyl-chain length, as well as the effect of temperature on the overall fluid phase behavior is reported. Factors such as variation of cation group, anion effect, alkyl-chain length, and temperature all impact the extraction to various degrees. The largest effects were found to be the lipophilicity of the IL cation and the co-ordination ability of the anion. While CCA capacity increased with lipophilicity of the cation, as did the dodecane. Highly coordinating anions such as trifluoroacetate and triflate demonstrated that highly efficient extraction could be obtained producing favorable tie-lines in the ternary phase diagram. Overall, this study demonstrates that ILs can selectively extract acids from hydrocarbon streams and offers possible treatment solutions for problems associated with the processing of high acid crude oils. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Separation Science and Technology to view the free supplemental file.
Experimentally Verified Transient Models of Data Center Crossflow Heat Exchangers (2014)

Heat exchangers are key components that are commonly used in data center cooling systems. Rear door heat exchangers, in-row coolers, overhead coolers and fully contained cabinets are some examples of liquid and hybrid cooling systems used in data centers. A liquid to liquid heat exchanger is one of the main components of the Coolant Distribution Unit (CDU), which supplies chilled water to the heat exchangers mentioned above. Computer Room Air Conditioner (CRAC) units also consist of liquid to air cross flow heat exchangers. Optimizing the energy use and the reliability of IT equipment in data centers requires Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools that can accurately model data centers for both the steady state and dynamic operations. Typically, data centers operate in dynamic conditions due to workload allocations that change both spatially and temporally. Additional dynamic situations may also arise due to failures in the thermal management and electrical distribution systems. In the computational simulation, individual component models, such as transient heat exchanger models, are therefore needed. It is also important to develop simple, yet accurate, compact models for components, such as heat exchangers, to reduce the computational time without decreasing simulation accuracy. In this study, a method for modeling compact transient heat exchangers using CFD code is presented. The method describes an approach for installing thermal dynamic heat exchanger models in CFD codes. The transient effectiveness concept and model are used in the development of the methodology. Heat exchanger CFD compact models are developed and tested by comparing them with full thermal dynamic models, and also with experimental measurements. The transient responses of the CFD model are presented for step and ramp change in flow rates of the hot and cold fluids, as well as step, ramp, and exponential variation in the inlet temperature. Finally, some practical dynamic scenarios involving IBM buffer liquid to liquid heat exchanger, rear door heat exchanger, and CRAC unit, are parametrically modeled to test the developed methodology. It is shown that the compact heat exchanger model can be used to successfully predict dynamic scenarios in typical data centers.
Fixation of Various Porcine Arteries with an Epoxy Compound (1997)

The clinical results of biological vascular grafts have been unsatisfactory. The poor results of these vascular grafts may be attributed to the fixatives, aldehydes, used in fixing tissues. In an attempt to overcome this problem, a new fixative, epoxy compound, has recently been used to fix biological vascular grafts. The study was undertaken to investigate the crosslinking characteristics, fixation index and denaturation temperature, of various porcine arteries fixed with an epoxy compound. The porcine arteries investigated in the study were the common carotid artery, internal thoracic artery, abdominal aorta, and saphenous artery. In addition, the effects of sonication on the porcine arteries before fixation on their crosslinking characteristics were analyzed. The fresh and glutaraldehyde-fixed arteries were used as controls. It was noted that glycine, proline, and alanine were the most abundant amino acids found in the porcine internal thoracic artery. In the amino acid analysis, it was observed that the amino acids in the porcine arteries reacted with epoxy compound or glutaraldehyde were lysine, hydroxylysine, histidine, and arginine. Of these amino acids, lysine was the most reactive. In general, the fixed arteries were relatively stiffer than their fresh counterparts. The fixation indices and denaturation temperatures of various porcine arteries were comparable throughout the entire fixation process. The amounts of free amino groups of the sonicated arteries were significantly lower than those of their unsonicated counterparts (p < 0.05). It is speculated that the diminishing free amino groups of the sonicated arteries may be attributed to the removal of the destroyed cell debris and adherent proteins of the arteries after sonication. However, it was learned that sonication on the porcine arteries before fixation did not seem to affect their fixation indices and denaturation temperatures. The results obtained in this study may help one in selecting the raw materials for developing a small-diameter biological vascular graft
Long-term results of gastric cancer screening using the serum pepsinogen test method among an asymptomatic middle-aged Japanese population (2010)

Background and Aim:  In order to reduce gastric cancer death, mass screening for gastric cancer has been established in Japan for several decades. Only photofluorography is considered to be an acceptable screening method so far, but recent evidence may show the usefulness of serum pepsinogen (PG) measurement for gastric cancer screening. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the feasibility of measuring serum PG levels for detection of gastric cancers.

Methods:  Serum PG levels (PGI/PGII) were measured in asymptomatic middle-aged Japanese between 1991 and 2005. Those with a PGI ≤ 70 ng/mL and PGI/PGII ≤ 3 were defined as having a positive PG test. According to the obtained results of serum PG levels and previous individual records, those with a positive PG test and those with a negative PG test took gastroendoscopy every 2 and 5 years, respectively.

Results:  The total number of participating individuals was 101 892 (mean age of 48.7 years). In a total of 21 178 planned gastroendoscopies (20.8%), 13 789 (65.1%) underwent gastroendoscopy and 125 gastric cancers were detected, which corresponded to 0.12% of all participants and to 0.91% of those with gastroendoscopy. Early-stage cancers and intestinal-type intramucosal cancers accounted for 80% and 39% of all the detected cancers, respectively.

Conclusions:  Serum PG measurement for mass screening of gastric cancer enabled us to achieve high recruitment for gastroendoscopy in intended individuals, a favorable detection rate of gastric cancer and, in particular, an extremely high proportion of early-stage gastric cancer in all the detected cancers.
A Brazilian dataset of symptomatic patients for screening the risk of COVID-19 (2021)

We used a Brazilian COVID-19 dataset that included information about tested patients, containing early-stage symptoms, comorbidities, demographics information, and symptoms description in a text format. The patients were tested by applying viral or antibody tests. The original COVID-19 dataset included patients from the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District. We preprocessed the dataset by selecting only completed tests, being marked as positive or negative, applied string matching algorithms to correct some inconsistencies, and removed rows with duplicated instances and asymptomatic patients. We also focused on the most frequent and relevant demographics information and reported early-stage symptoms to select features, and balanced the data considering positive and negative cases by random undersampling using the NearMiss algorithm. The preprocessing resulted in a dataset with 2,674 patients. The reduction in the number of patients from 55,676 to 2,674 occurred due to the asymptomatic patients, duplicated data, few reported symptoms by some patients, and the need for information about the dates of symptoms onset and testing. We applied undersampling instead of oversampling to prevent the usage of synthetic data. We implemented and evaluated supervised machine learning models for COVID-19 detection in Brazil based on early-stage symptoms and basic personal information.
Emerging investigator series: oxidative potential of diesel exhaust particles: role of fuel, engine load, and emissions control (2019)

Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has been linked to adverse human health outcomes. DEPs are reactive and can directly or indirectly lead to oxidative stress, which promotes inflammation in the body. The oxidative potential (OP) of DEPs is not well understood, particularly for combustion with alternative fuels, under different engine loads, and in combination with modern emissions control devices. In this study, we measured the OP of DEPs using a dithiothreitol assay (OP-DTT) from a modern-day non-road diesel engine for two different fuels (conventional diesel and soy-based biodiesel), two different engine loads (idle and 50% load), and with and without an emissions control system. The OP-DTT of DEPs was sensitive to the fuel used and the presence of an emissions control system but not to the engine load. On average, the use of biodiesel resulted in factor of ∼6 reduction in OP-DTT normalized to the DEP mass and a factor of ∼12 reduction in OP-DTT normalized to the fuel consumed. The use of the emissions control, on average, resulted in a factor of ∼6 reduction in OP-DTT normalized to the DEP mass and a three order of magnitude decrease in OP-DTT normalized to the fuel consumed. When studied in conjunction with the DEP composition, the OP-DTT seemed to correlate most strongly with elemental carbon (EC), followed by semi-volatile organic vapors. Assays performed on DEPs where EC was deliberately filtered out suggested that the species responsible for the OP-DTT might be correlated with EC but would need to be water soluble (e.g., quinones). The semi-volatile organic vapors accounted for more than a quarter of the OP-DTT of DEPs collected on the quartz filters. Finally, sensitivity studies performed with a different filter membrane (i.e., Teflon®) and solvent (i.e., dichloromethane) tended to increase the OP-DTT value. OP-DTT is emerging as an important metric for studying the adverse effects of DEPs and PM2.5 on human health; results of this work help define the sources and components of diesel PM2.5 that contribute to OP-DTT.
Sepsis and the Microbiome: A Vicious Cycle (2020)

Sepsis has been characterized as a dysregulated host response to infection, and the role of the microbiome as a key influencer of this response is emerging. Disruption of the microbiome while treating sepsis with antibiotics can itself result in immune dysregulation. Alterations in the gut microbiome resulting from sepsis and its treatment have been implicated in organ dysfunction typical of sepsis across multiple tissues including the lung, kidney, and brain. Multiple microbiota-directed interventions are currently under investigation in the setting of sepsis, including fecal transplant, the administration of dietary fiber, and the use of antibiotic scavengers that attenuate the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota while allowing them to concentrate at the primary sites of infection. The emerging evidence shows that the gut microbiome interacts with various elements of the septic response, and provides yet another reason to consider the judicious use of antibiotics via antibiotic stewardship programs.
Strategy-Proof Spectrum Allocation among Multiple Operators (2019)

To address the demand of exponentially increasing end users, efficient use of limited spectrum is a necessity. For this, spectrum allocation among co-existing operators in licensed and unlicensed spectrum band is required to cater to the temporal and spatial traffic variations in the wireless network. In this paper, we consider multiple operator spectrum allocation problem via auctions. The classical Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) approach provides a strategy-proof and social welfare maximizing auction at the cost of high computational complexity which makes it intractable for practical implementation. We propose a sealed bid auction for spectrum allocation, which is computationally tractable and can hence be applied as per the dynamic load variations of the network. We show that the proposed algorithm is strategy-proof. Simulation results are presented to exhibit the performance comparison of the proposed algorithm and the VCG mechanism.
If you blame buffing for bad fittings, you've probably given the wrong impression (2004)

In Brief When a hearing aid fitting is too loose and a remake is required, the authors say it's usually the ear impression that's to blame. They suggest ways to reduce the likelihood of remakes.
&lt;title&gt;Beyond the upper limit of holographic and speckle interferometry&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

Holographic interferometry has the advantage of high sensitivity but at practical loads, the fringe systems get soon too dense to be observed conveniently. One special way of overcoming this problem is provided by the comparative methods. In the present paper, comparisons of deformations up to the millimeter region will be reported in difference holographic interferometry and an extension possibility to electronic speckle pattern interferometry will be demonstrated, too. The most direct approach would be to magnify the image to the required great extent and then build up the complete fringe system from the observed tiny parts. A practical method will be suggested here which alleviates this cumbersome procedure. In addition, if the very dense fringes are already washed away by the speckles -- some integration along the fringes proves to be of real help.
Security analysis of confidential-compute instruction set architecture for virtualized workloads (2021)

Data in-use protection is critical to the data use lifecycle. Trusted execution environments supported by hardware are a key element of a system that provides data protection. The computing model focused on data protection via hardware-attested trusted execution engines is broadly called confidential computing. In this paper, we describe a security analysis of an Intel ISA extension called Intel <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> Trust Domain Extensions (Intel <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> TDX) to host confidential compute virtual machine workloads (called Trust Domain Virtual Machines or TD VMs) in the cloud. This paper describes the threat model and security architecture for Intel TDX. We describe the architecture principles, design constraints, and outline open problems that should be solved to increase the utility and scale of confidential computing models.
ViSMA: extendible, mobile-agent based services for the materialization and maintenance of personalized and shareable Web views (2004)

ViSMA (Views Supported by Mobile Agents) is a prototype set of extendible mobile-agent based services that allow the definition, materialization, maintenance and sharing of views created over remote Web-accessible databases. The system's primary goal is to support mobile clients carrying lightweight devices of various connectivity and resources such as portable computers and PDAs by being completely deployed over mobile agent technology. In this paper we propose a multi-tier architecture on which the system is built and we present the system's features, which include view mobility, shareable and personalized view creation and customizable, automated view monitoring and updating. The system has been fully implemented and tested using three alternative client types.
Defects in Innate Immunity Render Breast Cancer Initiating Cells Permissive to Oncolytic Adenovirus (2010)

CICs may underlie the incurable nature of relapsed or metastatic cancers and are therefore an important target regarding diagnostic and prognostic aspects as well as treatment of the disease. This study addresses the mechanisms of innate infection immunity in stem cells deepening the understanding of stem cell biology and may benefit not only virotherapy but also immunotherapy in general.
Evidence for long-distance superexchange between semiconductor quantum-dot electron spins (2020)

Due to their long coherence times and potential for scalability, semiconductor quantum-dot spin qubits hold great promise for quantum information processing. However, maintaining high connectivity between quantum-dot spin qubits, which favor linear arrays with nearest neighbor coupling, presents a challenge for large-scale quantum computing. In this work, we present evidence for long-distance spin-chain-mediated superexchange coupling between electron spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots. We weakly couple two electron spins to the ends of a two-site spin chain. Depending on the spin state of the chain, we observe oscillations between the distant end spins. We resolve the dynamics of both the end spins and the chain itself, and our measurements agree with simulations. Superexchange is a promising technique to create long-distance coupling between quantum-dot spin qubits.
Mortality After Diagnosis of Small Melanocytic Lesions of the Choroid (2010)

These data document the very low malignant potential of most indeterminate melanocytic lesions of the choroid and support the current practice of monitoring these tumors, with treatment provided when growth and other signs of malignant transformation are observed.
Three-Dimensional Sonographic Measurement of Blood Volume Flow in the Umbilical Cord (2012)

Accurate measurement of umbilical blood volume flow can be performed with relative ease in both the sheep model and in humans using the proposed 3D sonographic flow measurement technique. Results encourage further development of the method as a means for diagnosis and identification of at-risk pregnancies.
Trade-offs in Decentralized Multi-Antenna Architectures: The WAX Decomposition (2020)

Current research on multi-antenna architectures is trending towards increasing the amount of antennas in the base stations (BSs) so as to increase the spectral efficiency. As a result, the interconnection bandwidth and computational complexity required to process the data using centralized architectures is becoming prohibitively high. Decentralized architectures can reduce these requirements by pre-processing the data before it arrives at a central processing unit (CPU). However, performing decentralized processing introduces also cost in complexity/interconnection bandwidth at the antenna end which is in general being ignored. This paper aims at studying the interplay between level of decentralization and the associated complexity/interconnection bandwidth requirement at the antenna end. To do so, we propose a general framework for centralized/decentralized architectures that can explore said interplay by adjusting some system parameters, namely the number of connections to the CPU (level of decentralization), and the number of multiplications/outputs per antenna (complexity/interconnection bandwidth). We define a novel matrix decomposition, the WAX decomposition, that allows information-lossless processing within our proposed framework, and we use it to obtain the operational limits of the interplay under study. We also look into some of the limitations of the WAX decomposition.
Transitions of Care (2020)

Canada, Kelli E. PhD, MSW; Galambos, Colleen PhD, LCSW, LCSW-C, ACSW, FGSA; Pritchett, Angelita MSW; Rollin, Laura BS; Popejoy, Lori L. PhD, RN, FAAN; Vogelsmeier, Amy PhD, RN, FAAN; Rantz, Marilyn PhD, RN, FAAN Author Information
Visualization of calcium activity in nerve cells (1995)

Calcium plays an important role in many cellular functions. This investigation of its role in nervous system behavior uses imaging techniques, confocal microscopy, and the VolVis volume visualization system. The use of VolVis provided substantial assistance in the study of cellular calcium dynamics and in monitoring neural network activity. It yielded geometric details that facilitated our understanding of the behavior of calcium indicators inside nerve cells and led to a new view of the calcium permeability of the nuclear envelope. It has also produced anatomical details that significantly facilitated the development of a technique to directly visualize the activity of neuron populations while simultaneously observing vertebrate behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Annexin A6 regulates interleukin‐2‐mediated T‐cell proliferation (2016)

Annexin A6 (AnxA6) has been implicated in cell signalling by contributing to the organisation of the plasma membrane. Here we examined whether AnxA6 regulates signalling and proliferation in T cells. We used a contact hypersensitivity model to immune challenge wild-type (WT) and AnxA6(-/-) mice and found that the in vivo proliferation of CD4(+) T cells, but not CD8(+) T cells, was impaired in AnxA6(-/-) relative to WT mice. However, T-cell migration and signalling through the T-cell receptor ex vivo was similar between T cells isolated from AnxA6(-/-) and WT mice. In contrast, interleukin-2 (IL-2) signalling was reduced in AnxA6(-/-) compared with WT T cells. Further, AnxA6-deficient T cells had reduced membrane order and cholesterol levels. Taken together, our data suggest that AnxA6 regulates IL-2 homeostasis and sensitivity in T cells by sustaining a lipid raft-like membrane environment.
Sucrose Clusters Exhibiting a Magic Number in Dilute Aqueous Solutions (2008)

We report clustering of sucrose molecules in dilute aqueous solutions, based on measurements of the electrical mobility spectrum of singly charged airborne clusters produced by electrospraying the solution. The spectrum contains peaks with a smooth envelope, except for one peak which has about twice the amplitude of the envelope. The mobility at this peak is found to be somewhat higher than would be expected based on the rest of the sequence, suggesting a more compact structure for this cluster. This "magic" peak is prominent for basic, but not acidic, solutions. It is argued that these observations demonstrate the existence of clusters of many sizes in the solution prior to electrospraying, including the "magic" cluster. A simplified model is presented which reproduces the observed features.