gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CALCIUM METABOLISM IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: POSSIBLE PARTICIPATION OF EXAGGERATED SODIUM, CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE EXCRETION (1991)

1. Renal handling of electrolytes, including calcium (Ca), in response to physiological saline infusion (20 mL/kg, i.v., for 2 h) as well as basal circulating levels of Ca-regulating hormones were compared in 27 hypertensive elderly females (mean age 80 +/- 9 years), in 44 normotensive elderly females (79 +/- 9 years) and in 19 young normotensive females (23 +/- 4 years). 2. The hypertensive elderly females showed excessive increase in urine volume and urinary excretions of sodium (Na), Ca and inorganic phosphate (P) in response to saline infusion, associated with slight but significant decrease in circulating levels of Na and ionized Ca compared with those in the other groups. These hypertensive elderly patients also showed characteristic features both in circulating blood pressure and Ca regulating factors; they showed significantly low levels of plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration, significantly high plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and noradrenalin, compared with those in young controls and normotensive elderly females. 3. Moreover they showed significant increase in basal serum levels of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and significant decrease in basal serum levels of calcitonin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, compared with those in the other groups. 4. These results suggest that the exaggerated natriuresis associated with excessive loss of Ca and P in urine may participate in the abnormality of Ca metabolism in low-renin hypertensive elderly patients.
Endovascular Embolization for Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms (2006)

We treated ruptured intracranial aneurysms with endosaccular embolization using Guglielmi Detachable Coils (GDC) in 192 patients treated in Nagoya University and affiliated hospitals over the past 7 years. Hunt & Kosnik grading was I in 18 patients, II in 78, III in 51, IV in 38, and V in 7, respectively. One hundred and seven aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation and 85 in the posterior circulation. Complete obliteration was obtained in 105 (55%), subtotal in 76 (40%), and partial in 11 (5%) aneurysms. We experienced 27 intraprocedural complications, including 11 intraoperative ruptures and 16 thromboembolisms. Permanent morbidity and mortality related to the procedure were 4.7% and 2.1%, respectively. An analysis of complication cases based on the aneurysmal configuration and location showed that tiny aneurysms and vertebral aneurysms (VA-PICA) should be carefully treated to avoid possible perioperative hemorrhagic complications. Due attention should also be paid to thromboembolic complications on the treatment of aneurysms located in middle cerebral, basilar-tip and posterior inferior cerebellar artery because of its branching in close relationship to the aneurismal neck.
Correlation of elevated ALCAM shedding with patient outcome in colorectal cancer. (2012)

46 Background: ALCAM (Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule) is a cell-cell adhesion protein that has been highlighted as a putative biomarker for the progression of many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Current prognosis for CRC patients predominantly rely on pathologic staging classification. Although TNM staging successfully stratifies high-risk patients, there is significant variability in the rate of disease progression within each stage. Previous studies evaluating ALCAM as a biomarker for predicting colorectal cancer patient survival have published conflicting and inconclusive results. The aim of this present study was to investigate the prognostic value of ALCAM shedding, quantified using a dual stain that detects both the extracellular and the intracellular domains in formalin-fixed tissue, in colorectal patients. Methods: A novel dual-immunohistological detection of ALCAM shedding was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from 75 colorectal primary tumors and 9 healthy control specimens. Tissue was assessed by CellProfiler image analysis to obtain quantitative estimates of ALCAM shedding, defined as the detection of the intracellular domain the absence of the extracellular domain of ALCAM. Two tailed p values ≤ 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: ALCAM shedding was elevated in 33/79 (41.8%) of tissue from CRC patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.0239). Univariate analysis of CRC patients, stages I-IV, revealed a statistical significance correlating high ALCAM shedding with worse overall survival (p=0.0401). Moreover, ALCAM shedding is a predictor of overall survival (p=0.432) and more notably, disease-specific survival in stage II patients (p=0.0098). Conclusions: Detection of ALCAM shedding allows for stratification of patients according to their risk for poor long-term outcome. Considering that ALCAM is altered in a number of malignancies, the clinical correlation of ALCAM shedding to patient outcome is likely to extend beyond CRC to other cancers.
Loss Compensated PCM GeTe-Based Latching Wideband 3-bit Switched True-Time-Delay Phase Shifters for mmWave Phased Arrays (2020)

This article reports the first implementation of 3-bit millimeter-wave switched true-time-delay (TTD) phase shifters based on phase-change material (PCM) germanium telluride (GeTe). Two TTD phase shifters are presented. The first phase shifter is designed using four monolithically integrated PCM single-pole triple-throw (SP3T) switches to route the signal through delay lines. The insertion loss variation between various states is minimized by integrating two fixed PCM GeTe elements maintained in the crystalline state, along with the optimized width of the delay lines. The PCM switching cells are latching type, thus, consume no static dc power. The SP3T switches are connected back-to-back in two stages to provide a 3-bit phase shift with 20° precision. The second phase shifter is designed using two back-to-back connected PCM single-pole eight-throw (SP8T) switches. Both phase shifters are designed to operate over an 8 GHz wide frequency band with a center frequency of 30 GHz. The devices are fabricated in-house using an eight-layer microfabrication process. The proposed devices are highly miniaturized with an overall device area of 0.42mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 1.4mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the first and second phase shifter, respectively. The first phase shifter exhibit a measured average loss of 4.3 dB with a variation of ±0.3 dB and a return loss better than 20 dB, while the second phase shifter demonstrates low average measured loss of 3.8 dB with only ±0.2 dB loss variation and returns loss better than 17 dB at 30 GHz. Both phase shifters provide 180° linear phase shift with lower than 18 ps delay in the worst case.
Thermal Expansion Behavior of M<sup>I</sup>[AuX<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>]-Based Coordination Polymers (M = Ag, Cu; X = CN, Cl, Br) (2017)

Two sets of trans-[AuX<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>-based coordination polymer materials-M[AuX<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>] (M = Ag; X = Cl, Br or M = Cu; X = Br) and M[Au(CN)<sub>4</sub>] (M = Ag, Cu)-were synthesized and structurally characterized and their dielectric constants and thermal expansion behavior explored. The M[AuX<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>] series crystallized in a tightly packed, mineral-like structure featuring 1-D trans-[AuX<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>-bridged chains interconnected via a series of intermolecular Au···X and M···X (M = Ag, Cu) interactions. The M[Au(CN)<sub>4</sub>] series adopted a 2-fold interpenetrated 3-D cyano-bound framework lacking any weak intermolecular interactions. Despite the tight packing and the presence of intermolecular interactions, these materials exhibited decreased thermal stability over unbound trans-[AuX<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> in [<sup>n</sup>Bu<sub>4</sub>N][AuX<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>]. A significant dielectric constant of up to ε<sub>r</sub> = 36 for Ag[AuCl<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>] (1 kHz) and a lower ε<sub>r</sub> = 9.6 (1 kHz) for Ag[Au(CN)<sub>4</sub>] were measured and interpreted in terms of their structures and composition. A systematic analysis of the thermal expansion properties of the M[AuX<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>] series revealed a negative thermal expansion (NTE) component along the cyano-bridged chains with a thermal expansion coefficient (α<sub>CN</sub>) of -13.7(11), -14.3(5), and -11.36(18) ppm·K<sup>-1</sup> for Ag[AuCl<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>], Ag[AuBr<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>], and Cu[AuBr<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>], respectively. The Au···X and Ag···X interactions affect the thermal expansion similarly to metallophilic Au···Au interactions in M[Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>] and AuCN; replacing X = Cl with the larger Br atoms has a less significant effect. A similar analysis for the M[Au(CN)<sub>4</sub>] series (where the volume thermal expansion coefficient, α<sub>V</sub>, is 41(3) and 68.7(19) ppm·K<sup>-1</sup> for M = Ag, Cu, respectively) underscored the significance of the effect of the atomic radius on the flexibility of the framework and, thus, the thermal expansion properties.
Osteolysis of the Pelvis (2003)

Osteolysis of the pelvis is a common and well-recognized complication associated with total hip arthroplasty. The diagnosis and treatment of osteolysis of the pelvis is a challenging and controversial problem. Osteolysis of the pelvis often is asymptomatic and does not present with symptoms until considerable bone loss and loosening of the acetabular socket occur. Radiographs are the most common way to detect and monitor osteolysis around an implant. However, lesions viewed radiographically usually are underestimations of the lesions found intraoperatively. Moreover, some advocate computed tomography scanning to evaluate these lesions. The indications for treatment of osteolysis with cemented acetabular components are defined more clearly than with a cementless component. If the cemented or cementless acetabular component is loose, then revision is necessary. However, it is less clear when to intervene surgically with a well-fixed cup with osteolysis. Many early reports advocated the removal of a well-fixed socket during revision surgery for osteolysis and polyethylene wear. However, the removal of a well-fixed socket has the potential for significant damage and loss of the surrounding bone resulting in loss of integrity of a column or pelvic discontinuity, which may compromise placing another acetabular component. Recently, a new treatment strategy of retaining a well-fixed socket, exchanging the liner, and grafting lesions has proven successful. Without the removal of the acetabular shell, different techniques are needed to graft the osteolytic lesions. Osteolysis is a difficult problem; however, with radiographic surveillance to monitor patients for lesions, proper indications, and good surgical techniques, the treatment of osteolysis of the pelvis can result in a well-functioning total hip arthroplasty.
Location of the interference structure near the lower oblique (whistler) resonance cone (1980)

By numerically solving the dispersion relation for electrostatic waves in a Maxwellian magnetoplasma with stationary ions, it is shown that above a certain frequency fα the interference structure may be either inside or outside the resonance cone, depending on the distance from the source.
High-density microelectrode arrays for electrophysiological activity imaging of neuronal networks (2002)

Presents a new approach to high-density microelectrode arrays for spatially and temporally resolved images of in-vitro neuronal network electrophysiological activity. Based on active pixel sensor technology (APS), the first chip design consists of an array of 64 /spl times/ 64 (4096) pixels on an active area of 2.56 /spl times/ 2.56 mm/sup 2/. Each pixel has a dimension of 40 /spl times/ 40 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ integrating a gold microelectrode of 20 /spl times/ 20 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. An in-pixel differential amplifier locally amplifies the extracellular potential, minimising the electrode-measuring circuit distance. The integrated circuit has a programmable gain and filtering for noise-speed trade-off. The network activity image is obtained by addressing the desired pixels at high sampling frequency and sequentially reading the chip output.
Multivariate Cross-Coupling Adaptive Control Schemes to Reduce Contour Error in Multi-Axis Positioning Systems: Part II — Implementation and Experimental Results (1996)

Abstract Modern Computer Numeric Controllers (CNC’s) for industrial milling machines focus on minimizing the tracking error of the individual axes of a multi-axis system. The contour error, which is defined as the minimum distance between the actual point and the desired contour, is minimized by matching the dynamics of each axis. The contour error is the factor which determines error in a machined workpiece. This paper presents the experimental results of the multivariate adaptive control algorithms presented in Part I of this work. These algorithms introduce controller cross-coupling into the algorithms for the specific goal of contour error reduction. Simulations with the existing control system, a fixed cross-coupling controller, and the multivariate adaptive cross-coupling controllers are presented for the comparison of performance. Experimental results of the existing controller and the adaptive control algorithms are then presented for various contours both without and with machining.
Work Function Trends and New Low-Work-Function Boride and Nitride Materials for Electron Emission Applications (2021)

LaB6 has been used as a commercial electron emitter for decades. Despite the large number of studies on the work function of LaB6, there is no comprehensive understanding of work function trends in the hexaboride material family. In this study, we use density functional theory calculations to calculate trends of rare-earth hexaboride work function and rationalize these trends based on the electronegativity of the metal element. We predict that alloying LaB6 with Ba can further lower the work function by ∼0.2 eV. Interestingly, we find that alloyed (La, Ba)B6 can have lower work functions than either LaB6 or BaB6, benefiting from an enhanced surface dipole due to metal element size mismatch. In addition to hexaborides, we also investigate work function trends of similar material families, namely, tetraborides and transition metal nitrides, which, like hexaborides, are electrically conductive and refractory and thus may also be promising materials for electron emission applications. We find that tetraborides consistently have higher work functions than their hexaboride analogues as the tetraborides have less ionic bonding and smaller positive surface dipoles. Finally, we find that HfN has a low work function of about 2.2 eV, making HfN a potentially promising new electron emitter material.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Functional Profiling of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Downstream Signaling in Human Chondrosarcomas Identifies Pathways for Rational Targeted Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 - PDF file 170K, Effects of RTK inhibition in chondrosarcoma cells&lt;/p&gt;
Variable-length constrained-storage tree-structured vector quantization (1999)

Constrained storage vector quantization, (CSVQ), introduced by Chan and Gersho (1990, 1991) allows for the stagewise design of balanced tree-structured residual vector quantization codebooks with low encoding and storage complexities. On the other hand, it has been established by Makhoul et al. (1985), Riskin et al. (1991), and by Mahesh et al. (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.41, p.917-30, 1995) that variable-length tree-structured vector quantizer (VLTSVQ) yields better coding performance than a balanced tree-structured vector quantizer and may even outperform a full-search vector quantizer due to the nonuniform distribution of rate among the subsets of its input space. The variable-length constrained storage tree-structured vector quantization (VLCS-TSVQ) algorithm presented in this paper utilizes the codebook sharing by multiple vector sources concept as in CSVQ to greedily grow an unbalanced tree structured residual vector quantizer with constrained storage. It is demonstrated by simulations on test sets from various synthetic one dimensional (1-D) sources and real-world images that the performance of VLCS-TSVQ, whose codebook storage complexity varies linearly with rate, can come very close to the performance of greedy growth VLTSVQ of Riskin et al. and Mahesh et al. The dramatically reduced size of the overall codebook allows the transmission of the code vector probabilities as side information for source adaptive entropy coding.
Biosynthesis of mycophenolic acid. Oxidation of 6-farnesyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylphthalide in a cell-free preparation from Penicillium brevicompactum (1978)

L. Colombo, C. Gennari and C. Scolastico, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 434 DOI: 10.1039/C39780000434
Searching electronic health records for temporal patterns in patient histories: a case study with microsoft amalga. (2008)

As electronic health records (EHR) become more widespread, they enable clinicians and researchers to pose complex queries that can benefit immediate patient care and deepen understanding of medical treatment and outcomes. However, current query tools make complex temporal queries difficult to pose, and physicians have to rely on computer professionals to specify the queries for them. This paper describes our efforts to develop a novel query tool implemented in a large operational system at the Washington Hospital Center (Microsoft Amalga, formerly known as Azyxxi). We describe our design of the interface to specify temporal patterns and the visual presentation of results, and report on a pilot user study looking for adverse reactions following radiology studies using contrast.
Investigation of AlGaN buffer layers on sapphire grown by MOVPE (2004)

In this work, AlGaN layers were grown on sapphire by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on (0001)-oriented sapphire substrates, with the intention to investigate the effect of varying Al/MO and V/III ratios on the Al incorporation into the AlGaN layers. The parameters Al/MO and V/III describe the proportions of source material inside the reactor. With the help of optical transmission measurements, characteristic cut-off wavelengths of the AlGaN layers were determined. These wavelengths were used to calculate the Al content x of the layers, leading to values between 26.6% and 52.1%. Using the two process parameters Al/MO and V/III as input and the Al content of the AlGaN layers as a response variable, the experimental results were further investigated with the help of the software STATGRAPHICS. An estimated response surface for the variable x was generated. It was found that the Al incorporation is only tunable within a wide range for high V/III ratios of about 900. For constant Al/MO ratios and varying V/III ratios, two different growth characteristics were observed at high and low Al/MO values. This behavior is ascribed to the superposition of two oppositional effects.
The 2018 World Health Organization Classification of Cutaneous, Mucosal, and Uveal Melanoma: Detailed Analysis of 9 Distinct Subtypes Defined by Their Evolutionary Pathway (2020)

Melanomas were divided into those etiologically related to sun exposure and those that are not, as determined by their mutational signatures, anatomic site, and epidemiology. Melanomas on the sun-exposed skin were further divided by the histopathologic degree of cumulative solar damage (CSD) of the surrounding skin, into low and high CSD, on the basis of degree of associated solar elastosis. Low-CSD melanomas include superficial spreading melanomas and high-CSD melanomas incorporate lentigo maligna and desmoplastic melanomas. The "nonsolar" category includes acral melanomas, some melanomas in congenital nevi, melanomas in blue nevi, Spitz melanomas, mucosal melanomas, and uveal melanomas. The general term <i>melanocytoma</i> is proposed to encompass "intermediate" tumors that have an increased (though still low) probability of disease progression to melanoma.
Supplemental Figure 6 from Identification of Novel Radiosensitizers in a High-Throughput, Cell-Based Screen for DSB Repair Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Results for each of the 16 identified hits in the GFP-based DSB repair assay panel.&lt;/p&gt;
Semitransparent Layers of Social Self‐Sorting Merocyanine Dyes for Ultranarrow Bandwidth Organic Photodiodes (2021)

Abstract Two dipolar merocyanines consisting of the same π‐conjugated chromophore but different alkyl substituents adopt very different packing arrangements in their respective solid state with either H‐ or J‐type exciton coupling, leading to ultranarrow absorption bands at 477 and 750 nm, respectively, due to exchange narrowing. The social self‐sorting behavior of these push‐pull chromophores in their mixed thin films is evaluated and the impact on morphology as well as opto‐electronical properties is determined. The implementation of this well‐tuned two‐component material with tailored optical features allows to optimize planar heterojunction organic photodiodes with fullerene ​(C 60 ) with either dual or single wavelength selectivity in the blue and NIR spectral range with ultranarrow bandwidths of only 11 nm (200 cm −1 ) and an external quantum efficiency of up to 18% at 754 nm under 0 V bias. The application of these photodiodes as low‐power consuming heart rate monitors is demonstrated by a reflectance‐mode photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor.
Novel subtypes of <i>NPM1</i>-mutated AML with distinct outcome (2021)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is heterogeneous with one common subtype recognized by the presence of recurrent mutation of nucleophosmin-1 (<i>NPM1</i>). Emerging evidence indicates that within <i>NPM1</i> mutated AML there is variation in outcome which challenges how best to characterize and treat the individual patient. Our recent findings show that there are two distinct (primitive and committed) subtypes within <i>NPM1</i> mutated AML patients. These subtypes exhibit specific molecular characteristics, disease differentiation states, patient survival, and differential drug responses.
A Statistical Model for Positron Emission Tomography: Comment (1985)

Gabor T. Herman, Yair Censor, Dan Gordon, Robert M. Lewitt, A Statistical Model for Positron Emission Tomography: Comment, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 80, No. 389 (Mar., 1985), pp. 22-25
Few-Shot Domain Adaptation For Many Class Classification Using Commercial Products (2021)

In order to train a classifier for self checkout system in convenience store at low cost, a few-shot domain adaptation problem has to be solved. Since the system treats a classifier for large number of classes, conventional method of few-shot domain adaptation should be extended for many classes. This paper propose to exploit meta-class information by executing the adaptation on the normal-class level and the meta-class level simultaneously. The proposed method are shown to be effective for improving adaptation accuracy of a classifier for many classes. The results of our ablation study implies that i) the meta-class should be decided by using k-means clustering method rather than clustering manually, and that ii) the ratio between the number of normal-class and the number of meta-class should be fixed.