gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetrakis(thiadiazole)porphyrazines. 4. Direct Template Synthesis, Structure, General Physicochemical Behavior, and Redox Properties of Al<sup>III</sup>, Ga<sup>III</sup>, and In<sup>III</sup> Complexes (2005)

Monometallic derivatives of tetrakis(1,2,5-thiadiazole)porphyrazine, [TTDPzH2], with main group tervalent metal ions having the formulae [TTDPzMX] (TTDPz = tetrakis(1,2,5-thiadiazole)porphyrazinato dianion; M = Al(III), X = Cl-, Br-, OH-; M = Ga(III), X = Cl-, OH-; M = In(III), X = AcO-) were prepared and investigated by single-crystal X-ray analysis and IR and UV-vis spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry. The complexes [TTDPzMX] (M = Al(III), X = Cl-, Br-; M = Ga(III), X = Cl-) were obtained by direct autocyclotetramerization of the precursor 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-thiadiazole in hot quinoline in the presence of MX3 salts (M = Al(III), Ga(III); X = Cl-, Br-) and were hydrolized to form the corresponding hydroxide derivatives, [TTDPzMOH]. The In(III) complex, [TTDPzIn(OAc)], was obtained from the free-base macrocycle [TTDPzH2] with In(OH)(OAc)2 in CH3COOH. A single-crystal X-ray study was made at 173 K on the two isostructural species [TTDPzMCl] (M = Al(III), Ga(III)), which have space group P, with a = 12.470(14), b = 12.464(13), and c = 13.947(12) angstroms, alpha = 70.72(3), beta = 79.76(3), and gamma = 90.06(3) degrees, V = 2009.3(3) angstroms3, and Z = 4 for [TTDPzAlCl] and a = 12.429(3), b = 12.430(3), and c = 13.851(3) angstroms, alpha = 70.663(6), beta = 79.788(8), and gamma = 89.991(9) degrees, V = 1983.3(7) angstroms3, and Z = 4 for [TTDPzGaCl]. Square pyramidal coordination exists about the M(III) centers, with Cl- occupying the apical position (Al-Cl = 2.171(5) and Ga-Cl = 2.193(1) angstroms). Al(III) and Ga(III) are located at distances of 0.416(6) and 0.444(2) angstroms from the center of the N4 system. The molecular packing consists of stacked double layers with internal and external average interlayer distances of 3.2 and 3.3 angstroms, respectively. IR spectra show nu(Al-Cl) at 345 cm(-1) for [TTDPzAlCl], nu(Al-Br) at 330 cm(-1) for [TTDPzAlBr], and nu(Ga-Cl) at 382 cm(-1) for [TTDPzGaCl]. The UV-vis spectra in weakly basic (pyridine, DMF, DMSO) and acidic solvents (CF3COOH, H2SO4) show the typical intense pi --> pi transition bands in the Soret (300-400 nm) and Q-band regions (640-660 nm), the bands evidencing some dependence on the nature of the solvent, particularly in acidic solutions. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and thin-layer spectroelectrochemical measurements in pyridine and dimethylformamide of the species [TTDPzMX] indicate reversible first and second one-electron reductions, whereas additional ill-defined reductions are observed at more negative potentials. The examined species are much easier to reduce than their phthalocyanine or porphyrin analogues as a result of the remarkable electron-attracting properties of the TTDPz macrocycle which contains annulated strongly electron-deficient thiadiazole rings.
ClickToPrice: Incorporating Visual Features of Product Images in Price Prediction (2016)

E-commerce websites provide product images in addition to textual description and other metadata about a product to shoppers. While the use of images in online product positioning is ubiquitous, its effect on shoppers and product prices has not been studied meaningfully in literature. In this paper, we make two primary contributions: (i) we find evidence of a causal link between the features of a product's image and its price, (ii) we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of regression algorithms to predict product price using metadata and image features of the product and find that the Random Forest algorithm provides the best prediction performance on this task. We discuss implications of our findings for e-commerce portals and mobile app creators, and present directions for future research to further investigate the predictive power and statistical significance of product images on their prices.
OOK Q-factor degradation in scalable optical switches (2011)

All-optical switching has been proposed to overcome the limitations of electronic switches in terms of scalability, speed, footprint, and power consumption. A key passive optical component to bypass electronic processing limitations is the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). Switch architectures combining wavelength converters and fiber delay lines provide tunable routing and contention resolution when used with AWGs. An AWG passively routes either single or multiple input port wavelengths to its output ports. A single wavelength per port strategy reduces crosstalk within the AWG, but drastically increases the dimensionality of the device. Physical constraints on AWG design limit the port number for the foreseeable future to under 100. To scale optical switches to emerging network requirements, we can use multiple wavelengths per port. In this paper we examine one multiple wavelength per port architecture and quantify the physical layer impairments due not only to the AWG crosstalk, but also Q-factor degradation due to multiple wavelength conversions, and as a function of the number of recirculations in the contention resolution delay lines. While previous work has addressed this issue in terms of accumulated loss, we focus on accumulated relative intensity noise and amplified spontaneous emission.
3D integration of image sensor SiP using TSV silicon interposer (2009)

3D system integration is a fast growing field that encompasses different types of technologies. [1] The technology chosen for a specific application will be selected according to the required electrical performance of the systems, the footprint, cost and time to market. Other important factors are the boundary conditions given for the specific components e.g. die size, integration compatibility, component availability (wafer vs. bare die) and testability. The paper discusses a specific 3D image sensor system for automotive applications. The system is based on wafer level technology using silicon interposer with Through Silicon Vias (TSV´s), a flip chip assembled sensor element and a microcontroller. The specific system concept, the technical solution and results are discussed.
Amorphous-Si waveguide on a garnet magneto-optical isolator with a TE mode nonreciprocal phase shift (2017)

We fabricated a magneto-optical (MO) isolator with a TE mode nonreciprocal phase shift. The isolator is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer composed of 3-dB directional couplers, a reciprocal phase shifter, and a nonreciprocal phase shifter. To realize TE mode operation in the optical isolator, we designed a novel waveguide structure composed of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguide with an asymmetric MO garnet lateral clad on a garnet substrate. The isolator operation is successfully demonstrated in a fabricated device showing the different transmittances between forward and backward directions. The maximum isolation of the fabricated isolator is 17.9 dB at a wavelength of 1561 nm for the TE mode.
<b> <i>Alteromonas infernus</i> </b> sp. nov., a new polysaccharide‐producing bacterium isolated from a deep‐sea hydrothermal vent (1997)

A deep-sea, aerobic, mesophilic and heterotrophic new bacterium was isolated from a sample of fluid collected among a dense population of Riftia pachyptila, in the vicinity of an active hydrothermal vent of the Southern depression of the Guaymas basin (Gulf of California). On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses and DNA/DNA relatedness, the strain GY785 was recognized as a new species of the genus Alteromonas and the name of Alteromonas infernus is proposed. During the stationary phase in batch cultures in the presence of glucose, this bacterium secreted two unusual polysaccharides. The water-soluble exopolysaccharide-1 produced contained glucose, galactose, galacturonic and glucuronic acids as monosaccharides. The gel-forming exopolysaccharide-2 was separated from the bacterial cells by dialysis against distilled water and partially characterized.
A novel small capacitance RF-MOSFET with small-resistance Long-finger Gate Electrode (2010)

We have developed a small capacitance RF-MOSFET with small-resistance long-finger gate electrode, which is featured by Direct Finger Contact (DFC) on the gate electrode in active region to reduce its resistance. The unique structure and layout, which is different from a conventional multiplied-short-finger MOSFET, suppress the parasitic capacitance around the gate electrode to obtain high f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> . This layout-optimized DFC MOSFET is very useful for RF/Mixed signal SoCs in deep-sub-micron generations.
Practical considerations of producing propagation invariant laser beams (2015)

Due to their several unique properties, propagation invariant laser beams (PILBs) are playing an increasingly important role in several photonics applications. This paper describes some practical aspects of producing propagation invariant laser beams with different symmetries and structured light field distributions. Both intra-cavity and extra-cavity schemes can be employed. In the case of extra-cavity implementations, we show several practical layouts of anamorphic optical systems (AOSs) for shaping the propagation-invariant laser beams based on the size and waist locations of the input laser beams. We also establish matrix equations required to quantify the influence of input PILBs lateral and angular misalignments with respect to the AOSs onto the spatial characteristics of the produced output PILBs, and present examples of the resulting PILBs affected by the input PILBs misalignments.
Progesterone regulation of the endometrial WNT system in the ovine uterus (2008)

WNT signalling regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, polarity and organisation. The present study investigated the effects of progesterone (P4) on the endometrial WNT system in relation to blastocyst development and growth in sheep. Ewes received daily intramuscular injections of either corn oil (CO) vehicle or 25 mg P4 from 36 h after mating (Day 0) until hysterectomy on Day 9 or 12. Another group received P4 until Day 8 and 75 mg mifepristone (RU486) from Day 8 to Day 12. Early P4 treatment increased blastocyst growth on Days 9 and 12, whereas no blastocysts were recovered from P4 + RU486-treated ewes. Levels of WNT2 mRNA in the stroma and WNT11 and WNT7A mRNAs in the endometrial luminal epithelia (LE) were reduced in P4 + RU486-treated ewes on Day 9, whereas WNT11 mRNA was reduced in the endometria of both P4- and P4 + RU486-treated ewes on Day 12. On Day 12, WNT2 mRNA was increased in the stroma, WNT7A mRNA was increased in the LE and WNT5A mRNA was increased in the LE and stroma of P4 + RU486- compared with P4-treated ewes. DKK1 mRNA was absent in the endometrial stroma of P4 + RU486-treated ewes. Expression of transcription factor 7 like-2 (TCF7L2) was transiently increased in endometrial epithelia of P4-treated ewes on Day 9, but decreased in these ewes on Day 12. MSX1 mRNA was decreased by P4 treatment on Day 9 and levels of both MSX1 and MSX2 mRNA were higher in P4 + RU486-treated ewes on Day 12. Thus, P4 modulates the endometrial WNT system and elicits a transient decline in selected WNT pathways and signalling components, which is hypothesised to alter tight and adherens junctions, thereby stimulating blastocyst growth and development.
Marginal Zone B Cells Regulate Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses during Infection (2012)

Marginal zone B cells (MZB) participate in the early immune response to several pathogens. In this study, we show that in μMT mice infected with Leishmania donovani, CD8 T cells displayed a greater cytotoxic potential and generated more effector memory cells compared with infected wild type mice. The frequency of parasite-specific, IFN-γ(+) CD4 T cells was also increased in μMT mice. B cells were able to capture parasites, which was associated with upregulation of surface IgM and MyD88-dependent IL-10 production. Moreover, MZB presented parasite Ags to CD4 T cells in vitro. Depletion of MZB also enhanced T cell responses and led to a decrease in the parasite burden but did not alter the generation of effector memory T cells. Thus, MZB appear to suppress protective T cell responses during the early stages of L. donovani infection.
Mechanical Stress and the Induction of Lung Fibrosis via the Midkine Signaling Pathway (2015)

Abstract Rationale Lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been widely used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the ARDS mortality rate remains unacceptably high and there is no proven pharmacologic therapy. Objectives Mechanical ventilation can induce oxidative stress and lung fibrosis, which may contribute to high dependency on ventilator support and increased ARDS mortality. We hypothesized that the novel cytokine, midkine (MK), which can be up-regulated in oxidative stress, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ARDS-associated lung fibrosis. Methods Blood samples were collected from 17 patients with ARDS and 10 healthy donors. Human lung epithelial cells were challenged with hydrogen chloride followed by mechanical stretch for 72 hours. Wild-type and MK gene–deficient (MK−/−) mice received two-hit injury of acid aspiration and mechanical ventilation, and were monitored for 14 days. Measurements and Main Results Plasma concentrations of MK were higher in patients with ARDS than in healthy volunteers. Exposure to mechanical stretch of lung epithelial cells led to an epithelial–mesenchymal transition profile associated with increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, which was attenuated by silencing MK, its receptor Notch2, or NADP reduced oxidase 1. An increase in collagen deposition and hydroxyproline level and a decrease in lung tissue compliance seen in wild-type mice were largely attenuated in MK−/− mice. Conclusions Mechanical stretch can induce an epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype mediated by the MK–Notch2–angiotensin-converting enzyme signaling pathway, contributing to lung remodeling. The MK pathway is a potential therapeutic target in the context of ARDS-associated lung fibrosis.
Helicoverpa armigera Distribution in Gossypium Varieties Crop (2022)

A review of the biological development of the Helicoverpa armigera and its harmfulness on Gossypium varieties is given. Research results also showed that first-generation caterpillars mainly damage flower buds and young buds in the upper part of plants. The second generation causes damage by feeding on buds and flowers, and later (in subsequent generations) on not fully mature cotton bolls. In flowers, caterpillars eat out stamens and ovary, sometimes petals. Helicoverpa armigera are relatively rarely damaged, but the last (autumn) generation on Gossypium develops in small numbers and damages bolls. Such massive damage to various parts of Gossypium by these pests causes significant damage to cotton growing. The identified resistant lines, hybrids, and varieties can be used as primary genetic material for the creation of new Gossypium varieties.
Spectrally and Power Efficient Optical Communication Systems (2018)

Increased traffic demands globally and in particular in short-reach links in data centers will require optical communication systems to continue scaling at an accelerated pace. Nevertheless, energy constraints start to limit the bit rate that can be practically transmitted over optical systems both at the shortest distances in data centers and at the longest distances in ultra-long submarine links. Short-reach links in data centers face strict constraints on power consumption, size, and cost, which will demand low-power solutions that scale to bit rates beyond 100 Gbit/s per wavelength, while accommodating increased losses due to longer fiber plant, multiplexing of more wavelengths, and possibly optical switching. At the longest distances, submarine optical cables longer than about 5,000 km face energy constraints due to power feed limits at the shores, which restricts the electrical power available to the undersea optical amplifiers, ultimately limiting the optical power and throughput per fiber. This dissertation presents strategies to mitigate these limitations. For short-reach links in data centers, we propose low-power coherent receiver architectures that completely avoid high-speed analog-to-digital converters and digital signal processors. For long-haul submarine links, we demonstrate how optimizing the channel power allocation under a constraint on the amplifier power maximizes the information-theoretic capacity per fiber.
NetAgg (2014)

Data centre applications for batch processing (e.g. map/reduce frameworks) and online services (e.g. search engines) scale by distributing data and computation across many servers. They typically follow a partition/aggregation pattern: tasks are first partitioned across servers that process data locally, and then those partial results are aggregated. This data aggregation step, however, shifts the performance bottleneck to the network, which typically struggles to support many-to-few, high-bandwidth traffic between servers.
Effect of noise suppression losses on speech distortion and ASR performance (2021)

Deep learning based speech enhancement has made rapid development towards improving quality, while models are becoming more compact and usable for real-time on-the-edge inference. However, the speech quality scales directly with the model size, and small models are often still unable to achieve sufficient quality. Furthermore, the introduced speech distortion and artifacts greatly harm speech quality and intelligibility, and often significantly degrade automatic speech recognition (ASR) rates. In this work, we shed light on the success of the spectral complex compressed mean squared error (MSE) loss, and how its magnitude and phase-aware terms are related to the speech distortion vs. noise reduction trade off. We further investigate integrating pre-trained reference-less predictors for mean opinion score (MOS) and word error rate (WER), and pre-trained embeddings on ASR and sound event detection. Our analyses reveal that none of the pre-trained networks added significant performance over the strong spectral loss.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Catalytic Converters during Cold Starts (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The transient heat transfer behavior of an automotive catalytic converter has been simulated with OpenFOAM in 1D. The model takes into consideration the gas-solid convective heat transfer, axial wall conduction and heat capacity effects in the solid phase, but also the chemical reactions of CO oxidation, based on simplified Arrhenius and Langmuir-Hinshelwood approaches. The associated parameters are the results of data in literature tuned by experiments. Simplified cases of constant flow rates and gas temperatures in the catalyst inflow have been chosen for a comprehensive analysis of the heat and mass transfer phenomena. The impact of inlet flow temperatures and inlet flow rates on the heat up characteristics as well as in the CO emissions have been quantified. A dimensional analysis is proposed and dimensionless temperature difference and space-time coordinates are introduced. Using this suitably modified coordinates, for the case of negligible axial solid conduction, computed solid temperature at the reactor outlet lay on a typical S-curve, allowing the introduction of an analytical function. A series of variations in the inlet exhaust temperature and mass flow as well as the initial solid temperature was chosen in order to highlight relevant dependencies. Results show the performance of the catalyst during cold start and have been used for a preliminary energetic assessment of the effectiveness of preheating the catalyst, the exhaust gas or both.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluating impact of errors in prior information on performance of microwave tomography (2016)

This article presents results from a study that investigates the impact of errors in patient-specific prior information on image quality in the context of near-field microwave (MW) breast imaging. Perturbations in dielectric property information and the corresponding changes in reconstruction quality are reported. Patient specific structural information is acquired using radar-based MW methods that form regional maps of the breast. Regional maps with differences in electrical properties are incorporated into an MW tomography (MWT). The study is primarily carried out using numerical 2D breast models constructed from MRI scans, however reconstructions formed with a 3D numerical breast model support the conclusions for 3D scenarios.
Allylic oxidation of olefins with a manganese-based metal–organic framework (2019)

Manganese-based CPF-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for the selective aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexenone under mild conditions.
An holistic approach to public/private-key based security in locator/identifier-split architectures (2011)

Abstract—Network security has become an essential business requirement over the past few years. As this demand will increase even more in the future, researchers agree that security must be a key element for any novel Next Generation Internet architecture. Contrary to today’s add–on approach to security, the mechanisms must be anchored in the overall architecture and should be a major concern already during the design phase. In this article we present an approach based on the private/public–key principle for almost any locator/identifier– split architecture. We suggest to extend the mapping system to also serve as public–key infrastructure and recommend to use smart cards for the client side key management.
Calixarene-based multivalent ligands (2006)

Multivalency is a powerful concept which explains the strong binding observed in biological systems and guides the design and synthesis of ligands for self-assembly and molecular recognition in Chemistry. The phenol-formaldehyde cyclic oligomers, called calixarenes, have been used as scaffolds for the synthesis of multivalent ligands thanks to the fact that they have a variable number of reactive positions for attaching the ligating functions, well defined conformational properties and, in some cases, cavities of molecular dimensions eventually able to encapsulate guest species. This tutorial review illustrates the fundamental aspects of multivalency and the properties of calixarene-based multivalent ligands in lectin binding and inhibition, DNA condensation and cell transfection, protein surface recognition, self-assembly, crystal engineering, and nanofabrication.
Enhanced light extraction efficiency of far-ultraviolet-C LEDs by micro-LED array design (2023)

AlGaN-based far-UVC light emitting diodes (LEDs) with an emission wavelength of 233 nm were fabricated in the form of micro-LED arrays with emitter diameters ranging from 1.5 to 50 μm. The mesa was plasma etched with a sidewall angle of 45°–50°, and insulator layers made of SiNx or SiO2 were deposited. While the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the LEDs with SiNx showed only a small dependency on the micro-LED diameter, the LEDs using SiO2 showed an increase in the peak EQE by a factor of four as compared to large area devices. This enhancement is attributed to a strong increase in the light extraction efficiency due to total internal reflection and re-direction at the inclined mesa, allowing TM-polarized light emitted in the plane of the quantum well to be extracted through the sapphire backside of the chips.