gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of New Solutions for Acid-Resistant Cements (2008)

Abstract In the near future, the production of oilfields with high contents of associated sour gases will increase. Research on technologies to produce such fields are therefore of utmost importance. Due to the presence of corrosive gas, special attention has to be paid to the design of well materials (casing, cementing materials). However, published data on degradation mechanisms of cement-based materials exposed to H2S environments are very scarce. When placed in contact with acid fluid, portland cement will dissolve and become, at some time, fully degraded. In this case, the zonal isolation will be no more effective. New solutions are required to ensure long-term integrity of cementing materials. One potential solution is to incorporate chemicals in the cementitious matrix. The key idea is to incorporate additives that react preferentially with H2S and not with hydrated phases of the cement. The goal of this work was to assess this solution. The paper is dealing with cement formulations that incorporate mineral admixtures. These mineral admixtures have been chosen because of their high chemical affinity with hydrogen sulphide. We first give properties (density, compressive strength, rheological behaviour) of the novel formulations. Then we describe the static ageing tests performed in H2S-saturated brine at 120°C and 15 MPa. By combining different analytical techniques, the chemical evolution of the new formulations has been investigated. The results are dependent on the nature of the reactive mineral admixture. We show that, in some particular case, the incorporation of specific mineral admixtures leads to a strong damaging effect for the cement matrix. Consequently, for the design of H2S-resistant cement, these specific mineral admixtures should be discarded. The proposed solution (addition of reactive chemicals) is promising but requires more investigation in order to carefully control the reactivity of the different chemical species.
Regulation of Lymphocyte Function by PPAR<i>γ</i>: Relevance to Thyroid Eye Disease‐Related Inflammation (2008)

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition in which intense inflammation leads to orbital tissue remodeling, including the accumulation of extracellular macromolecules and fat. Disease progression depends upon interactions between lymphocytes and orbital fibroblasts. These cells engage in a cycle of reciprocal activation which produces the tissue characteristics of TED. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐ γ (PPAR γ ) may play divergent roles in this process, both attenuating and promoting disease progression. PPAR γ has anti‐inflammatory activity, suggesting that it could interrupt intercellular communication. However, PPAR γ activation is also critical to adipogenesis, making it a potential culprit in the pathological fat accumulation associated with TED. This review explores the role of PPAR γ in TED, as it pertains to crosstalk between lymphocytes and fibroblasts and the development of therapeutics targeting cell‐cell interactions mediated through this signaling pathway.
A Practical Synthesis of (1<i>S</i>,2<i>R</i>)-1-Amino-2-indanol, a Key Component of an HIV Protease Inhibitor, Indinavir (1999)

Abstract A synthesis of (1S,2R)-1-amino-2-indanol (1), a key component of an HIV protease inhibitor, was accomplished through (R)-2-hydroxy-1-indanone ((R)-3), which was prepared by an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation of (R)-2-acetoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid readily available from d-(R)-phenylalanine. Alternatively, (R)-3 was obtained by an enzymatic resolution of (±)-2-acetoxy-1-indanone. Ketone (R)-3 was converted into 1 through an oxime formation and diastereoselective hydrogenation.
Shedding light on local kinase activation (2012)

Phosphorylation is the predominant language of cell signaling. And, as with any common language, an abundance of dialects has evolved to convey complex information. We discuss here how biosensors are being used to decode this language, affording an unprecedented glimpse into spatio-temporal patterns of protein phosphorylation events within the cell.
Conversion of methanol to olefins over Al-rich ZSM-5 modified with alkaline earth metal oxides (2016)

Aluminum-rich H-ZSM-5 zeolites modified with alkaline earth metal oxides of Mg, Ca and Ba were applied in the conversion of methanol to olefins (MTO).
Behavior of gangliosides on dialysis (1978)

Mixed brain gangliosides or individual ganglioside GM1 were dissolved in one of the following solvents: (a) water, (b) 0.1 M aqueous KC1, or (c) methanol-aqueous 0.1 M KC1 at concentrations ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-3) M, and were submitted to dialysis against distilled water for up to 4 days. No significant loss of gangliosides on dialysis was observed when gangliosides were dissolved in water or 0.1 M aqueous KC1, but a loss occurred when the ganglioside solution contained methanol; the loss was greater at the lowest ganglioside concentration. However, losses ceased to occur after 1 day when methanol was removed from the dialysis sac.
Degradation of synthetic polymeric scaffolds for bone and cartilage tissue repairs (2009)

Degradation studies are reported with emphasis on polymeric scaffolds in which degradation occurs viaester bond cleavage. The temporal and structural consequences of polymer degradation on TE scaffolds in the absence and in the presence of biological components in vitro and in vivo are described and compared. Finally, the functional improvement of degradable polymeric scaffolds for TEvia the formation of hybrid structures is presented.
Results of Spectral Determination of Metals in Tissues Adjacent to the Sivash System Hip Endoprosthesis (Experimental Clinical Study) (2022)

After total hip replacement with Sivashs implants marked metallosis by chromium, cobalt and to a lesser degree by molybdenum develops in tissues contiguous with the joint. Titanium and tin are also determined in considerable amounts. At experimental (2 months to 5 years) and clinical (3 weeks to 15-19 years) follow up all metals are determined in the connective tissue. In bone tissue only small amounts of metals were present even in long term follow up. In short terms metallosis develops in the zones close to the mobility unit and gradually distributes along the bone marrow canal. As shown by experimental data metallosis is detected only as traces when the implant without friction units is used. In stable and unstable implants the degree of metallosis was the same although its incidence was higher when loosing developed. Our data confirm the possibility of the total hip prosthesis loosing but it develops gradually and manifest clinically in late terms.
Living cationic polymerization of amide-functional vinyl ethers: Specific properties of SnCl₄-based initiating system Part A Polymer chemistry (2008)

Living cationic copolymerization of amide-functional vinyl ethers with isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) was achieved using SnCl₄ in the presence of ethyl acetate at 0 °C: the number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymers increased in direct proportion to the monomer conversion with relatively low polydispersity, and the amide-functional monomer units were introduced almost quantitatively. To optimize the reaction conditions, cationic polymerization of IBVE in the presence of amide compounds, as a model reaction, was also examined using various Lewis acids in dichloromethane. The combination of SnCl₄ and ethyl acetate induced living cationic polymerization of IBVE at 0 °C when an amide compound, whose nitrogen is adjacent to a phenyl group, was used. The versatile performance of SnCl₄ especially for achieving living cationic polymerization of various polar functional monomers was demonstrated in this study as well as in our previous studies. Thus, the specific properties of the SnCl₄ initiating system are discussed by comparing with the EtxAlCl₃₋x systems from viewpoints of hard and soft acids and bases principle and computational chemistry.
In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Isotherms for Renal Cryotherapy (2009)

Gel and ex vivo isotherms do not predict the in vivo pattern of freezing. Thus, they should not be used for preoperative planning. The cryoprobe should be passed 5 mm beyond the tumor border to achieve suitably cold temperatures. Multipoint thermal sensor probes are recommended to record actual temperature during renal cryotherapy.
Hydrogen isotopes permeation evaluation in the advanced material for nuclear fusion blanket use (2007)

Behavior of hydrogen isotopes such as permeation, diffusion, and dissolution infusion blanket materials were investigated from a viewpoint of the material development and a material design for a fusion reactor. Experiments were conducted with Reduced Activation Ferritic Steel (F82H) and various kinds of SiC materials at elevated temperature. To evaluate permeability of SiC materials and RAFM, deuterium gas permeability was measured using newly designed device. Permeation of hydrogen through RAFM was not significantly different from that of Austenitic Steel, however the temperature dependence of the permeability diffusivity, and solubility showed marked discontinuous change around 850 degree C. Change in crystal structure from bcc to fee is a suspected cause. The measurement of permeability of deuterium gas in Hexoloy and CVD SiC samples were attempted at the temperature above 800 degree C The permeability and deuterium diffusivity of Hexoloy is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of CVD SiC. On the pressure dependence of permeability, both linear and square-root dependence were seen.
Welcome message from the WoWMoM 2013 program chairs (2013)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the Fourteenth IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WoWMoM 2013.
Liposomes for Cancer Therapy Applications (2001)

Drugs developed for diseases caused by pathogenic infections have the advantage that there are numerous physical and functional differences between the pathogens and the cells of their human host. As a result, most of these therapeutic agents can be administered chronically at relatively high doses with typically few side effects. This is not the case in diseases such as cancer, which arise from transformed or dysregulated growth/function of the body’s own cells. Here, the differences between healthy and diseased tissues are often quite subtle and rarely are cellular features truly disease speciﬁc. It is not surprising then that for these diseases a very narrow window exists between drug doses that are effective and drug doses that are toxic. Although our increased understanding of the genetic alterations associated with diseases such as cancer will no doubt improve our ability to design better drugs, it is likely that we will continue to be faced with therapeutic targets that are differentially expressed in disease cells rather than* Current afﬁliation: Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Princeton, New Jerseyuniquely expressed. This suggests that manipulating drug pharmacology/distribution to enhance tumor selectivity will continue to be an important feature in the development of new anticancer drugs.
Peristaltically driven channel flows with applications toward micromixing (2001)

Flows driven by a transverse, small amplitude traveling wave propagating along the boundary of a closed rectangular container are examined. High-frequency motions are the primary focus of interest, although low-frequency results are discussed also. Using asymptotic analysis appropriate for high frequencies, the steady, time-independent (streaming) flow is computed analytically and compared with results of the exact calculation. The boundary-layer structure is delineated and average Eulerian and Lagrangian flow characteristics are compared. Experiments confirming the major qualitative high-frequency findings are reported in an Appendix. The results could be useful for modeling peristaltically operated microelectromechanical systems devices where fluid motion needs to be produced without internal moving mechanical components.
A region-based algorithm for enhancement of images degraded by blocking effects (2002)

A new region-based method for removing blocking artifacts in block coded images is presented. The proposed algorithm segments the degraded image and each region obtained by the segmentation process is then low-pass filtered separately. This prevents blurring of edges because the low-pass filter is never applied across region boundaries. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is comparable to other techniques at removing blocking artifacts, however, the undesired blurring introduced by the low-pass filter is significantly smaller.
Evaluation of protein kinase D auto-phosphorylation as biomarker for NLRP3 inflammasome activation (2021)

Abstract Background The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of sterile inflammation, which is involved in many diseases. However, there is currently no known proximal biomarker for measuring NLRP3 activation in pathological conditions. Protein kinase D (PKD) has emerged as an important NLRP3 kinase that catalyzes the release of a phosphorylated NLRP3 species that is competent for inflammasome complex assembly. Methods To explore the potential for PKD activation to serve as a selective biomarker of the NLRP3 pathway, we tested various stimulatory conditions in THP-1 and U937 cell lines, probing the inflammasome space beyond NLRP3. We analyzed the correlation between PKD activation (monitored by its auto-phosphorylation) and functional inflammasome readouts. Results PKD activation/auto-phosphorylation always preceded cleavage of caspase-1 and gasdermin D, and treatment with the PKD inhibitor CRT0066101 could block NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and interleukin-1β production. Conversely, blocking NLRP3 either genetically or using the MCC950 inhibitor prevented PKD auto-phosphorylation, indicating a bidirectional functional crosstalk between NLRP3 and PKD. Further assessments of the pyrin and NLRC4 pathways, however, revealed that PKD auto-phosphorylation can be triggered by a broad range of stimuli unrelated to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Conclusion Although PKD and NLRP3 become functionally interconnected during NLRP3 activation, the promiscuous reactivity of PKD challenges its potential use for tracing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
P2Y‐mediated Ca <sup>2+</sup> response is spatiotemporally graded and synchronized in sensory neurons: a two‐photon photolysis study (2004)

ATP is thought to be an initiator and modulator of noxious pain sensation. We employed two-photon photolysis to apply ATP locally and transiently, thus mimicking ATP release upon cell damage or exocytosis. Using this technique, an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was induced via P2Y receptors in individual sensory neurons, or in a neurite region. The ATP-induced [Ca2+]i rise was attenuated by applications of either a phospholipase C inhibitor, or inhibitors for IP3 or ryanodine receptors. These results indicate that intracellular Ca2+ stores play a major role in contributing to the increase in [Ca2+]i. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed that local and transient applications of ATP increased [Ca2+]i by release from intracellular stores, but in a unique, graded, and synchronized manner. 1) As the duration of local ATP application was prolonged, the latency decreased and the magnitude of the [Ca2+]i rise increased; 2) The time course of the rising phase of the [Ca2+]i response to ATP was essentially the same over the cell body, once [Ca2+]i had started to rise. It is anticipated that sensory responses may be modulated variably, depending on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the ATP-related [Ca2+]i profile.
Data dependency on measurement uncertainties in speaker recognition evaluation (2012)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology conducts an ongoing series of Speaker Recognition Evaluations (SRE). Speaker detection performance is measured using a detection cost function defined as a weighted sum of the probabilities of type I and type II errors. The sampling variability can result in measurement uncertainties. In our prior study, the data independency was assumed in using the nonparametric two-sample bootstrap method to compute the standard errors (SE) of the detection cost function based on our extensive bootstrap variability studies in ROC analysis on large datasets. In this article, the data dependency caused by multiple uses of the same subjects is taken into account. The data are grouped into target sets and non-target sets, and each set contains multiple scores. One-layer and two-layer bootstrap methods are proposed based on whether the two-sample bootstrap resampling takes place only on target sets and non-target sets, or subsequently on target scores and non-target scores within the sets, respectively. The SEs of the detection cost function using these two methods along with those with the assumption of data independency are compared. It is found that the data dependency increases both estimated SEs and the variations of SEs. Some suggestions regarding the test design are provided.
Sensor Selection With Composite Features in Identifying User-Intended Poses for Human-Prosthetic Interfaces (2023)

A Human-Prosthetic Interface (HPI) serves to estimate and realise the limb pose intended by the human user, using the information obtained from sensors worn by the user. In recent studies, the HPI maps multi-joint limb poses (i.e. coordinated movement of the body and limbs) to the inputs of multiple sensors. This is in contrast to the conventional methods where each degree of freedom of the powered prosthesis is mapped to the input of one/a pair of sensors. In this approach, it is necessary to systematically select sensors that carry the most information for the intended set of poses, to improve system accuracy and/or minimise the number of sensors, thus the complexity, in the prosthetic system. In this paper, sensor selection process is systematically formulated to maximise the information contained in the input features for a given number of sensors. Most importantly, it accounts for composite features, which are features requiring information from multiple sensors. Such composite features exist and are important in HPIs as we seek to capture coordinated motion involving movements of multiple limb and body segments. A non-convex optimisation problem is formulated which accounts for the constraint introduced by the composite features. A projection matrix is utilised as the optimisation variable to select intended features for evaluation. The problem is solved by the proposed Sensor Selection with Composite Features (SS-CF) algorithm which adapts convex-relaxation techniques. The SS-CF is benchmarked against HPI with expert-selected sensors in the literature and against a greedy heuristic method. The outcome demonstrated the efficacy of the SS-CF algorithm.
THE CONTROL OF KIWIFRUIT RED FLESH COLOUR (2011)

Red-fleshed fruit occur in a few taxa of the genus Actinidia. In such taxa, anthocyanins can accumulate in different parts of the fruit including the skin, the whole pericarp or only the inner pericarp. Differences in the relative amounts of cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanins account for the different shades of red observed. Red-fleshed fruit of A. chinensis accumulate mainly cyanidin 3-Oxylo-galactoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, which usually are restricted to the inner pericarp of the fruit, creating a characteristic and colourful pattern in mature fruit. In order to understand the process of anthocyanin synthesis in Actinidia fruit, we have studied the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes identified in our Actinidia EST database. Of the different genes of the pathway, only the expression of one glycosyltransferase (F3GT1), confirmed functionally to be cyanidin 3-O-galactosyltransferase, was strongly correlated with red pigmentation of the fruit. However, inheritance of the gene could not be associated with the segregation of the red phenotype of the fruit, suggesting that other factors are able to regulate the biosynthetic pathway. We show that the F3GT1 gene is regulated by a MYB-bHLH mechanism; allelic variation on these genes is likely to account for the expression of the different phenotype.
Strategies for glass based photonic system integration (2014)

There is a clear tendency to integrate more and more opto-electronic and micro-optical components like optical fibers, laser diodes, modulators, isolators, beam-splitting components and micro lenses in also increasingly dense and complex assemblies. The paper will discuss thin glass as a very promising base material for that kind of photonic packaging on interposer and board level including optical interconnection using fibers.
Macromolecular sheets direct the morphology and orientation of plate-like biogenic guanine crystals (2023)

Animals precisely control the morphology and assembly of guanine crystals to produce diverse optical phenomena in coloration and vision. However, little is known about how organisms regulate crystallization to produce optically useful morphologies which express highly reflective crystal faces. Guanine crystals form inside iridosome vesicles within chromatophore cells called iridophores. By following iridosome formation in developing scallop eyes, we show that pre-assembled, fibrillar sheets provide an interface for nucleation and direct the orientation of the guanine crystals. The macromolecular sheets cap the (100) faces of immature guanine crystals, inhibiting growth along the π-stacking growth direction. Crystal growth then occurs preferentially along the sheets to generate highly reflective plates. Despite their different physical properties, the morphogenesis of iridosomes bears a striking resemblance to melanosome morphogenesis in vertebrates, where amyloid sheets template melanin deposition. The common control mechanisms for melanin and guanine formation inspire new approaches for manipulating the morphologies and properties of molecular materials.
Use of Vector Diagnostics During Military Deployments: Recent Experience in Iraq and Afghanistan (2009)

Vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and leishmaniasis are a threat to military forces deployed outside of the United States. The availability of specific information on the vector-borne disease threat (e.g., presence or absence of a specific disease agent, temporal and geographic distribution of competent vectors, and vector infection rates) allows for effective implementation of appropriate measures to protect our deployed military forces. Vector diagnostics can provide critical, real-time information crucial to establishing effective vector prevention/control programs. In this article we provide an overview of current vector diagnostic capabilities, evaluate the use of vector diagnostics in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, and discuss the concept of operations under which vector diagnostics are employed.
Improvement of Negative Bias Temperature Instability by Stress Proximity Technique (2009)

The stress proximity technique (SPT) is found to improve negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) in p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors significantly. A first-principles calculation is carried out to examine the effect of strain on NBTI, and a process simulation is conducted to determine the change in stress profile in the device induced by SPT. The first-principles calculation shows that a larger strain leads to higher NBTI degradation. On the other hand, the process simulation shows that, although the compressive stress along the channel direction is enhanced by SPT, the vertical tensile stress is greatly reduced by SPT. The larger reduction in stress along the vertical direction is believed to be responsible for the improvement of NBTI by SPT.