gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of light's dazzling effect on the EEG signal of subjects performing tasks that require concentration (2019)

The assessment on the ability of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) to acquire electroencephalographic (EEG) data in situations of luminous glare is presented. Dazzling is typically a temporary deleterious effect on the ability to see or concentrate due to glare. The potential of BCIs was evaluated by defining a set of strategies involving the illumination process, EEG signal recording and analysis. N-back, a continuous performance task commonly used in cognitive neuroscience was used to test the attention under the effect of dazzling, in parallel with EEG signals acquisition. Statistical data analysis allowed to show the potential of this technique.
Incidence and Mortality of Treated Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome in Taiwan: A Population-based Study (2011)

The incidence of treated pSS in women is 10 times that in men. Nevertheless, pSS mortality in men is 3 times that in women.
Zyxin-VASP interactions alter actin regulatory activity in zyxin-VASP complexes (2012)

Cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesions are sites of dramatic actin rearrangements and where actin-membrane connections are tightly regulated. Zyxin-VASP complexes localize to sites of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion and function to regulate actin dynamics and actin-membrane connections at these sites. To accomplish these functions, zyxin recruits VASP to cellular sites via proline-rich binding sites near zyxin's amino terminus. While the prevailing thought has been that zyxin simply acts as a scaffold protein for VASP binding, the identification of a LIM domain-VASP interaction could complicate this view. Here we assess how zyxin-VASP binding through both the proline rich motifs and the LIM domains alters specific VASP functions. We find that neither individual interaction alters VASP's actin regulatory activities. In contrast, however, we find that full-length zyxin dramatically reduces VASP-mediated actin bundling and actin assembly. Taken together, these results suggest a model where zyxin-VASP complexes occur in complex organizations with suppressed actin regulatory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of ent‐Stellettamide A via a Novel Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of (Trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Inhibitors (2009)

Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway has been implicated in mediating a diverse array of cellular functions including cell differentiation, proliferation, and inflammatory responses. In this review, we will discuss approaches to identify inhibitors of ERK proteins through targeting ATP-dependent and ATP-independent mechanisms. Given the diversity of ERK substrates and the importance of ERK signaling in normal cell functions, emphasis will be placed on the methods for identifying small molecular weight compounds that are substrate selective through ATP-independent interactions and potentially relevant to inflammatory processes. The approach for selective targeting of ERK substrates takes advantage of the basic understanding of unique ERK docking domains that are thought to interact with specific amino acid sequences on substrate proteins. Computer aided drug design (CADD) can facilitate the high throughput screening of millions of compounds with the potential for selective interactions with ERK docking domains and disruption of substrate interactions. As such, the CADD approach significantly reduces the number of compounds that will be evaluated in subsequent biological assays and greatly increases the hit rate of biologically active compounds. The potentially active compounds are evaluated for ERK protein binding using spectroscopic and structural biology methods. Compounds that show ERK interactions are then tested for their ability to inhibit substrate interactions and phosphorylation as well as ERK-dependent functions in whole organism or cell-based assays. Finally, the relevance of substrate-selective ERK inhibitors in the context of inflammatory disease will be discussed.
Stability analysis techniques for competitive neural networks with different time-scales (2002)

We present new methods of analyzing the dynamics of a competitive neural system with different time scales: the K-monotone system theory developed by Kamke (1932) as a global analysis techniques, and the theory of singular perturbation as a local analysis method.
Generation of a 200-mJ class infrared femtosecond laser by dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (2017)

Total output energy of 1.4 μm (signal) and 1.9 μm (idler) reaches 210 mJ by a dual-chirped optical parametric amplifier (DC-OPA). The obtained IR spectra support 41 fs and 40 fs transform limited durations, respectively.
Alternative Electrocatalyst Support Materials for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2010)

Durability of electrocatalysts under severe operational conditions of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is one of the most important technological issues to be improved. Alternative electrocatalyst support materials are desired, the use of which may solve problems such as oxidation-induced carbon support corrosion. One interesting solution is to use conductive oxide-based catalyst support. We focus our attention to SnO2, known as an oxide semiconductor with a high electronic conductivity. Nano-carbon support materials are also studied as an another option of electrocatalyst support design. Technical merits and remaining issues in alternative electrocatalyst support materials selection are discussed.
Existence of a Preferred Orientation for the Methoxy Group on an Extended Aromatic System. (2018)

Abstract The conformations of a methoxy group introduced on naphthalene in position 2 has been investigated both experimentally (searches in crystallographic data, NOE measurements by NMR) and theoretically with ab initio calculations. While expected at first glance as being equivalent and predicted as such by force field methods, the two conformations where the methoxy is in the plane of the aromatic ring and turned either towards one or the other proton of naphthalene are actually very different in energy : ΔE=1.2 to 1.8 kcal mol −1 , a surprisingly high value! The delocalization of the oxygen lone pair on the π‐system of the aromatic ring differs between the two conformers and is proposed to account predominantly for such unexpectedly large ΔE. It is our opinion that given the magnitude of the energies involved, force field methods should be corrected to take into account this conformational effect.
Supplemental Table 3 from Expression of &lt;i&gt;ANRIL&lt;/i&gt;–Polycomb Complexes–&lt;i&gt;CDKN2A/B/ARF&lt;/i&gt; Genes in Breast Tumors: Identification of a Two-Gene (&lt;i&gt;EZH2/CBX7&lt;/i&gt;) Signature with Independent Prognostic Value (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Relationship between ANRIL transcripts levels and classical clinical biological parameters in a series of 456 breast cancers.&lt;/p&gt;
Novel 3′<i>Rhesus box</i>sequences confound<i>RHD</i>zygosity assignment (2002)

Rhesus box PCR-RFLP analysis for RHD zygosity assignment is confounded by the presence of nonfunctional RHD+ (2.3% of D-) and novel, low frequency (0.9% of all alleles) 3'Rhesus box sequences.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,7‐Cyclopentenonorbornadiene: Synthesis and Crystal Structure. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sequential Release of Proteins from Structured Multishell Microcapsules (2017)

In nature, a wide range of functional materials is based on proteins. Increasing attention is also turning to the use of proteins as artificial biomaterials in the form of films, gels, particles, and fibrils that offer great potential for applications in areas ranging from molecular medicine to materials science. To date, however, most such applications have been limited to single component materials despite the fact that their natural analogues are composed of multiple types of proteins with a variety of functionalities that are coassembled in a highly organized manner on the micrometer scale, a process that is currently challenging to achieve in the laboratory. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of multicomponent protein microcapsules where the different components are positioned in a controlled manner. We use molecular self-assembly to generate multicomponent structures on the nanometer scale and droplet microfluidics to bring together the different components on the micrometer scale. Using this approach, we synthesize a wide range of multiprotein microcapsules containing three well-characterized proteins: glucagon, insulin, and lysozyme. The localization of each protein component in multishell microcapsules has been detected by labeling protein molecules with different fluorophores, and the final three-dimensional microcapsule structure has been resolved by using confocal microscopy together with image analysis techniques. In addition, we show that these structures can be used to tailor the release of such functional proteins in a sequential manner. Moreover, our observations demonstrate that the protein release mechanism from multishell capsules is driven by the kinetic control of mass transport of the cargo and by the dissolution of the shells. The ability to generate artificial materials that incorporate a variety of different proteins with distinct functionalities increases the breadth of the potential applications of artificial protein-based materials and provides opportunities to design more refined functional protein delivery systems.
Organic Functional Group Protection and Deprotection (2017)

Martin Oestreich of the Technische Universität Berlin developed (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 2077) the Birch reduction product 2 as a donor for the silylation of an alco­hol 1 to give 3. Atahualpa Pinto of the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry devised (Tetrahedron Lett. 2014, 55, 2600) conditions for the monosilylation of the diol 4 to give 5. Quanxuan Zhang of Michigan State University reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2014, 55, 3384) the preparation (not illustrated) of the mono-THP ethers of symmetrical diols. The product from the Mitsunobu cou­pling of an acid with an alcohol 6 can be difficult to purify. Takashi Sugimura of the University of Hyogo showed (Synthesis 2013, 45, 931) that the oxidation product from 7 and the reduction product from 8 could both be removed from the product 9 by simple extraction. David Milstein of the Weizmann Institute of Science found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 4685) that an Fe catalyst could be used to reduce the trifluoroacetate 10 to 11. Jean-Michel Vatèle of the Université Lyon 1 oxidized (Synlett 2014, 25, 115) the benzylidene acetal 12 selectively to the monobenzoate 13. Xinyu Liu of the University of Pittsburgh organized (Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 3155) a family of acid-sensitive esters that can be selectively removed in the presence of other esters, as exemplified by the conversion of 14 to 15. Ryo Yazaki and Takashi Ohshima of Kyushu University observed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 1611) that an amine would add spontaneously to acrylonitrile 17 to give 18. In the presence of a Cu catalyst, alcohols added to 17 even more readily, allowing the preparation of 18 from 16. Diego Gamba-Sánchez of the Universidad de los Andes used (J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 4544) simple Fe catalysts to activate a wide range of amides, including 20, to become acylating agents, converting 19 to 21. 1,2-Addition to t-butylsulfanylimines is widely used to construct aminated stereo­genic centers. Xiaodong Yang and Hongbin Zhang of Yunnan University established (Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 6259) a general protocol for cleaving the N–S bond in the product 22 to give the desired free amine 23.
The crossing number ofC5 �Cn (1996)

We prove that the crossing number of C5 × Cn is 3n, which is consistent with the general conjecture that the crossing number of Cm × Cn is (m − 2)n, for 3 ≤ m ≤ n. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Self-reported Well-being and Circadian Hormone Changes in Nightshift Nurses (2004)

Objective: Despite of similar working hours and loads, nightshift works have long been well recognized being more tiring than daytime work. The relationship between subjective perceptions of lassitude and diurnal rhythmicity of hormone secretions in nightshift workers has not been well established. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of self-reported well-being and diurnal rhythmicity of hormone changes among healthy nightshift nurses. Methods: We prospectively enrolled healthy nightshift nurses working in Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan. Questionnaire about well-being during nightshifts were done using visual-analogue scale. Serum thyrotropin and cortisol were measured at 8 am and 4 pm respectively at the same day of accomplishing questionnaire. Results: In total, 20 female nightshift nurses (mean age=28.0(3.7 years) participated in this study. Among them 11 nurses served midnight shift (GAM to 8AM), 9 served evening shift (4PM to 12PM) in recent one week. The leading self-reported physical unfitness during nightshifts included easier to feel tired, poorer sleep quality, more dehydrated, less motivated, and poorer integral physical condition. Nineteen subjects received blood tests for diurnal serum thyrotropin and cortisol secretion measurements, which all were within normal limits. However, eleven subjects (57.6%) revealed disturbed diurnai rhythmicity of either thyrotropin or cortisol secretion. Eight of the 11 (72.7%) nurses serving midnight shift in recent one week demonstrated disturbed diurnai rhythmicity of thyrotropin secretion, which was significantly higher than one out of the eight nurses (12.5%) who did not have a recent midnight shift change (72.7% vs. 12.5%,p＜0.01). There was no significant correlation between disturbed diurnal rhythmicity of thyrotropin, cortisol secretion, and self-reported physical unfitness. Conclusions: In conclusion, nightshift nurses subjectively perceived evident physical unfitness when compared with their experiences of serving day time shifts. Change of midnight shift in recent one week was significantly correlated with disturbed diurnal rhythmicity of thyrotropin secretion.
8q24 risk alleles and prostate cancer in African-Barbadian men (2014)

Additional studies are needed to provide deeper genotype coverage to further interrogate the 8q24 region to understand its contribution to PRCA in this population.
Polymers as carriers for rhizobial inoculant formulations (2009)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and starch blends as carrier materials of rhizobial inoculants regarding their capacity to maintain viable cells and promote cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) nodulation. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized, with three replicates. Forty different compositions of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with starch, compatibilized or not with different proportions of MgO or ZnO, were evaluated regarding their ability of maintaining rhizobial viable cells during the storage period of one month at room temperature, in an initial screening. Thereafter, selected inoculant carrier blends were evaluated regarding their ability to maintain viable rhizobial cells for a period of 165 days, and their performance as inoculant carriers was compared to a peat-based inoculant carrier under greenhouse conditions. Rhizobial cells were better maintained in blends containing 50-60% CMC. Compatibilizing agents did not increase survival of rhizobial cells for 30 days of storage. The cowpea nodulation of polymer blends was statistically the same of peat-based inoculants. CMC/starch polymer blends are efficient carriers to rhizobial inoculants for up to 165 days of storage, when compatibilized with MgO (1%).
Detection and prediction of concentrations of neurotransmitters using voltammetry and pattern recognition (2009)

Neurotransmitters (NTs) are substances in the brain which are responsible for the transmission of neurological impulses. Changes in their concentrations are associated with numerous behavioral and physiological processes and neurological disorders. As opposed to the traditional chromatographic and capillary electrophoresis, using electrochemical sensors is a fast and inexpensive way to determine concentrations of NTs. In this study we measure the combination of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (SE) with glassy carbon electrodes and differential pulse voltammetry. The major challenge using this method is to differentiate between different NTs, since the signal obtained from the electrode represents the interactive effect of both NTs present. We address this problem through methods of pattern recognition which relate the voltammetric measurements provided by the sensor to the concentration of individual NTs. Two methods of pattern recognition were applied (PCR and PLS-regression). The best rates of correct classification for the validation sets ranged at 42-62% (DA) and 33-50% (SE). When the ranges for correct prediction were extended to include one level above and below the true concentration level, the rates values ranged at 81-91% (DA) and 91-100%(SE). These findings suggest that pattern recognition can be used to model the interaction between different neurotransmitters to predict actual concentrations of neurotransmitters using voltammetry.
Derivatives of Differentiation-Inducing Factor 1 Differentially Control Chemotaxis and Stalk Cell Differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum (2023)

Differentiation-inducing factors 1 and 2 (DIF-1 and DIF-2) are small lipophilic signal molecules that induce stalk cell differentiation but differentially modulate chemotaxis toward cAMP in the cellular slime mold <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i>; DIF-1 suppresses chemotactic cell movement in shallow cAMP gradients, whereas DIF-2 promotes it. The receptor(s) for DIF-1 and DIF-2 have not yet been identified. We examined the effects of nine derivatives of DIF-1 on chemotactic cell movement toward cAMP and compared their chemotaxis-modulating activity and stalk cell differentiation-inducing activity in wild-type and mutant strains. The DIF derivatives differentially affected chemotaxis and stalk cell differentiation; for example, TM-DIF-1 suppressed chemotaxis and showed poor stalk-inducing activity, DIF-1(3M) suppressed chemotaxis and showed strong stalk-inducing activity, and TH-DIF-1 promoted chemotaxis. These results suggest that DIF-1 and DIF-2 have at least three receptors: one for stalk cell induction and two for chemotaxis modulation. In addition, our results show that the DIF derivatives can be used to analyze the DIF-signaling pathways in <i>D. discoideum</i>.
Conceptual Design of Superconducting Induction Motors Using REBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<i> <sub>y</sub> </i> Superconducting Tapes for Electric Aircraft (2020)

High power density motors are required for electric propulsion aircrafts. The highest power density of the conventional motor is reported as 5.2 kW/kg up to now. Superconducting rotating machines have a potential to realize higher power density due to its high current density and a large magnetic field property. In this study, the induction motor with air-cored superconducting armature windings was conceptually designed. The output power range was 3 to 6 MW and the output power density aimed to be over 20 kW/kg. The armature voltage should be below kV-class and joule loss below 122 kW. The target efficiency was over 95%. The electromagnetic design and analysis were carried out by JMAG Designer. The number of magnetic poles and operating temperatures were set as two poles and liquid hydrogen temperature of 20 K, respectively. The parameter was power frequency in the range of 100-250 Hz. As a result, all the requirements were satisfied when the power frequency was 130 Hz. The feasibility of the MW-class superconducting induction motor was investigated, and in conclusion, the superconducting induction motor can be applied to the aircraft propulsion system.
A method for rapid reaction optimisation in continuous-flow microfluidic reactors using online Raman spectroscopic detection (2004)

An extremely rapid tool for continuous flow synthetic process optimisation is described. A microfluidic reaction system operating in continuous flow is used in conjunction with confocal Raman microscopy to afford rapid molecule synthesis and product quantitation. Accordingly, the approach allows for rapid reaction optimisation within a continuous flow system. Specifically, the catalytic oxidation of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to acetone using tetra-N-propylammonium perruthanate (TPAP)/N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) in a radial interdigitated micromixer is studied as a model reaction system. The composition of the reaction effluent can be determined with great facility and information relating to catalyst/co-oxidant ratios, catalyst turnovers and reaction endpoints extracted. Specifically, variation of catalyst and co-oxidant volumetric flow rates between 0 and 50 microL min(-1) is used to vary reactant concentrations, define reaction residence times and control product conversions between 0 and 100%. The rapid nature of the system allows chemical information to be gathered and utilised on a sub-minute timescale.
Interaction of an ultrashort laser pulse and relativistic electron beam in a corrugated plasma channel (2009)

Copropagation of a laser pulse and a relativistic electron beam in a corrugated plasma channel has been proposed for the direct laser acceleration of electrons [Palastro, Phys. Rev. E 77, 036405 (2008)]. The corrugated plasma channel allows for the guiding of laser pulses composed of subluminal spatial harmonics. Phase matching between the electron beam and the spatial harmonics results in acceleration, but for high beam densities, the pulse energy can be rapidly depleted. This depletion may result in interaction times shorter than the waveguide length limited time or pulse length dephasing time. We present an analytic model and self-consistent simulations of the electron beam-laser pulse interaction. A linear dispersion relation is derived. The effect of the electron beam on the pulse after the occurrence of axial bunching is examined. Injection of axially modulated electron beams is also explored. In particular, we find that a properly phased electron beam can transfer energy to the laser pulse as an inverse process to acceleration.
Gene expression profiles classifying clinical stages of tuberculosis and monitoring treatment responses in Ethiopian HIV-negative and HIV-positive cohorts (2019)

Our data indicate that complex gene expression signatures are required to measure blood transcriptomic responses during and after successful ATT to fully diagnose TB disease and characterise drug-induced relapse-free cure, combining genes which resolve completely during the 6-months treatment phase of therapy with genes that only fully return to normal levels during the post-treatment resolution phase.