gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract TP250: N-3 Fatty Acid Diglyceride Emulsions As A Novel Acute Treatment For Ischemic Brain Injury (2022)

Introduction: Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs), specifically docohexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), act as bioactive unsaturated lipids with pleiotropic effects, affording neuroprotection in ischemic brain injury. Hypothesis: We reported that n-3 FAs injected acutely as triglyceride (TG) emulsions provide neuroprotection after ischemic brain injury. We now questioned whether novel lipid emulsions made from n-3 diglycerides (DG) would improve the delivery and effectiveness of n-3 FAs in brain after injury. Methods: We evaluated in vitro interactions of DG (DG-DHA) vs TG (TG-DHA) in phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayer liposomes, as a model membrane system, by NMR spectroscopy. We compared the in vitro kinetics of DG vs TG hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of DG emulsions in a Vannucci murine model of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Results: NMR spectra of PC liposomes incubated with DG-DHA showed an additional peak, adjacent to the phospholipid carbonyl region, indicating a higher incorporation into PC bilayers and a narrower peak at almost the same position in a more fluid phase. In contrast, spectra of liposomes incubated with TG-DHA showed narrow peaks well-separated from PC resonances, representing phase-separated oil droplets. In lipolysis assays, DG emulsions had more efficient hydrolysis than TGs. Neonatal mice treated with DG-EPA, DG-DHA, or the combination of both (DG-DHA+EPA) after HI injury showed up to 3X better reduction in infarct volumes compared to TGs (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that DG molecules incorporate in membrane bilayers more efficiently than TG. We postulate that the faster hydrolysis of DGs contributes to higher neuroprotection compared with TGs. Our findings indicate that n-3 DG emulsions represent a novel and much more efficient modality than n-3 TG for improving ischemic brain injury outcomes.
Intersatellite-Link Demonstration Mission between CubeSOTA (LEO CubeSat) and ETS9-HICALI (GEO Satellite) (2019)

LEO-to-GEO intersatellite links using laser communications bring important benefits to greatly enhance applications such as downloading big amounts of data from LEO satellites by using the GEO satellite as a relay. By using this strategy, the total availability of the LEO satellite increases from less than 1% if the data is downloaded directly to the ground up to about 60% if the data is relayed through GEO. The main drawback of using a GEO relay is that link budget is much more difficult to close due to the much larger distance. However, this can be partially compensated by transmitting at a lower data rate, and still benefiting from the much-higher link availability when compared to LEO-to-ground downlinks, which additionally are more limited by the clouds than the relay option. After carrying out a feasibility study, NICT and the University of Tokyo started preparing a mission to demonstrate the technologies needed to perform these challenging lasercom links. Furthermore, to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique, an extremely-small satellite, i.e. a 6U CubeSat, will be used to achieve data rates as high as 10 Gbit/s between LEO and GEO. Some of the biggest challenges of this mission are the extremely low size, weight and power available in the CubeSat, the accurate pointing precision required for the lasercom link, and the difficulties of closing the link at such a high speed as 10 Gbit/s.
Prevention of Drug Carryover Effects in Studies Assessing Antimycobacterial Efficacy of TMC207 (2008)

The levels of TMC207 (R207910) that can be reached in mouse organs and the sputa of treated patients easily exceed the MIC of the compound and can therefore interfere with in vitro bacterial titrations. We studied the usefulness of protein-enriched media for the prevention of such drug carryover effects. The average MIC of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was determined on three different media: unsupplemented 7H11 agar (MIC = 0.03 microg/ml), 7H11 agar supplemented with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA; MIC = 1 microg/ml), and Lowenstein-Jensen medium (MIC = 14.33 microg/ml). In a second stage of the study, the maximal noninhibitory concentrations (MNICs) of TMC207 were determined by adding TMC207 to the bacterial inoculum rather than to the culture medium. These MNICs were 0.97 microg/ml for 7H11 agar, 32.33 microg/ml for 7H11 agar with 5% BSA, and 96.33 microg/ml for Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Both protein-enriched media were able to prevent drug carryover effects, but the use of 7H11 medium supplemented with 5% BSA is preferred for practical reasons.
Genetic and Environmental Pathways in Type 1 Diabetes Complications (2009)

Abstract : Type 1 diabetes is considered an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the islets of Langerhans. These cells are T lymphocytes, considered responsible for the destruction of the insulin producing beta-cells present in the islets. When the majority of the beta cells are dead, the disease presents, frequently with an abrupt and clinically serious onset. Hyperglycemia can be induced by chemical destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in monkeys. Following diabetes induction, histological examination of the pancreas shows islet cells with virtually null or sporadic immuno-reactivity for insulin. In our pilot studies, monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were rendered diabetic prior to receiving a xenogeneic porcine islet transplantation. A recovery of endogenous C-peptide production was observed in monkey recipients of steadily functioning pig islet grafts, concurrently to improved metabolic control. Histological analysis of the pancreatic tissue of these monkeys showed: increased proliferative (Ki67+) activity in the pancreas; small aggregates of insulin positive cells detached from the pre-existing damaged islets; as well as high numbers of CK19+ cells that also showed strong insulin positive immunoreactivity. Such hallmarks were not seen in diabetic animals kept under insulin daily administrations, nor in recipients that experienced early graft loss. It remains to be demonstrated whether islet cell transplantation, in combination with a regimen of a non-diabetogenic immunosuppression, has a role in triggering endogenous insulin production.
Patterns of aboveground herbage production and nutritional quality structure on semiar1d grasslands (1995)

Abstract Botanical composition, aboveground biomass, protein, fibre content, and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were used as tools for studying the production and nutritional quality in semiarid grasslands. The study was carried out in herbaceous communities from Central‐West of Spain over a period of five consecutive years (1986–1990). The grassland typologies were mainly related to their positions in topographical gradients (slopes) which characterize the regional landscape. The mean values for the production of aboveground biomass in the communities range between 126 and 304 g/m2 which seem fitted with the possibilities of those areas. The botanical composition is different in the two zones of the slope (upper and lower) and it responds to a defined pattern. Vegetation in the lower zones is dominated by grasses and in the upper zones by forbs. The correlation between production and botanical fractions considered (grasses, legumes and forbs) is significant for the grass group. The results show also that allocation of biomass among organic compounds is different in the three botanical groups. In relation to topographical gradient, production and nutritional parameters (protein, fibre content and DMD) for each botanical group show differences between the two zones of the slope. Parameters like organic composition and DMD characterize clearly the botanical fractions. The grasses are always related with high hemicellulose proportions while legumes with cellular contents. Considering the community, grasslands from the lower zones are better characterized by higher protein contents and DMD. The communities from the upper zones are characterized by high contents in cell components. The nutritional quality of communities is clearly related with the percentages of botanical fractions forming the grassland and with organic contents and dry matter digestibility as well.
Intravenous Self‐Administration of Ethanol in β‐Endorphin‐Deficient Mice (1998)

Extensive research on both human alcoholics and in animal models of alcoholism has implicated the release of endogenous opioids in the consumption of ethanol. Various experiments using opioid antagonists have indicated that these drugs cause both humans and animals to decrease their consumption of ethanol. However, it remains unclear exactly which of the endogenous opioids mediates the rewarding effects of ethanol. The present experiment used intravenous self-administration of ethanol to determine whether beta-endorphin (BE)-deficient mice differed from wild-type (WT) mice in ethanol self-administration. The BE-deficient mice completely lack BE, but are otherwise similar to the WT mice. By using intravenous self-administration, we were able to rule out any ability of BE to mediate differences in ethanol consumption via palatability factors alone. Both types of mice were 7 generations backcrossed onto a C57BL/6J inbred strain background. During nine daily, 2-hr free-operant sessions, 14 BE-deficient and 17 WT mice could nosepoke for 75 mg/kg ethanol infusions delivered intravenously on an fixed-ratio 3 schedule with a 2-sec time-out after each reinforcer delivery. Reinforcer delivery occurred following nosepokes in only one of two holes. Contrary to what was expected, BE-deficient mice acquired selective operant responding for ethanol, whereas WT mice did not. Although the two genotypes did not differ in either operant or locomotor behavior during the first session, by the end of the nine sessions, BE deficient mice were reliably nosepoking for ethanol, whereas WT mice were not. These findings may indicate that BE is not essential for the postingestive reinforcing effects of ethanol in these animals.
Emergency Medicine Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Curriculum (2010)

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:e110–e129 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Preface All of us who have worked on this curriculum are career emergency physicians (EPs) who have become leaders with a focus on emergency medicine (EM) quality and safety. About 2 years ago, I approached my colleagues of the American College of Emergency Physicians Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (ACEP QIPS) Section and dreamed an idea of creating an EM quality and safety curriculum: an outline that would explain a topic few EPs understand. That outline would be used as a curriculum to teach our EM residents (and even our attendings, physician’s assistants, and nurse leaders) about EM quality and safety. My goal is for this curriculum to become an integral part of every EM residency program and department. We know that quality and safety in patient care does not happen by accident. We must teach these concepts to everyone on our emergency department (ED) team. The safety of our patients depends on this. I would like to thank each of the authors who spent many months on this project, along with the ACEP QIPS Section and ACEP Quality and Performance Committee. Also, I would like to thank ACEP staff Angela Franklin and Idania Lorenti for their help in getting this project to completion. I must also sincerely acknowledge the early work and ideas generated by Drs. Shari Welch and David John: their contributions clearly helped shape this article. —John J. Kelly, DO
Inflammation promotes adipocyte lipolysis via IRE1 kinase (2021)

Obesity associates with inflammation, insulin resistance, and higher blood lipids. It is unclear if immune responses facilitate lipid breakdown and release from adipocytes via lipolysis in a separate way from hormones or adrenergic signals. We found that an ancient component of ER stress, inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), discriminates inflammation-induced adipocyte lipolysis versus lipolysis from adrenergic or hormonal stimuli. Our data show that inhibiting IRE1 kinase activity was sufficient to block adipocyte-autonomous lipolysis from multiple inflammatory ligands, including bacterial components, certain cytokines, and thapsigargin-induced ER stress. IRE1-mediated lipolysis was specific for inflammatory triggers since IRE1 kinase activity was dispensable for isoproterenol and cAMP-induced lipolysis in adipocytes and mouse adipose tissue. IRE1 RNase activity was not associated with inflammation-induced adipocyte lipolysis. Inhibiting IRE1 kinase activity blocked NF-κB activation, interleukin-6 secretion, and adipocyte-autonomous lipolysis from inflammatory ligands. Inflammation-induced lipolysis mediated by IRE1 occurred independently from changes in insulin signaling in adipocytes, suggesting that inflammation can promote IRE1-mediated lipolysis independent of adipocyte insulin resistance. We found no role for canonical unfolded protein responses or ABL kinases in linking ER stress to IRE1-mediated lipolysis. Adiponectin-Cre-mediated IRE1 knockout in mice showed that adipocyte IRE1 was required for inflammatory ligand-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue explants and that adipocyte IRE1 was required for approximately half of the increase in blood triglycerides after a bacterial endotoxin-mediated inflammatory stimulus in vivo. Together, our results show that IRE1 propagates an inflammation-specific lipolytic program independent from hormonal or adrenergic regulation. Targeting IRE1 kinase activity may benefit metabolic syndrome and inflammatory lipid disorders.
Dynamics of Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) pelagic larvae in Pärnu Bay, NE Gulf of Riga, in 1991–99; pp. 394–406 (2003)

Marenzelleria viridis, a polychaete species originating from North America, was found in the Baltic Sea in 1985 and in the Gulf of Riga in 1988.In Pärnu Bay, the NE Gulf of Riga, pelagic larvae of Marenzelleria were first discovered in 1991 and have since then been annually present in the plankton community.The abundance of larvae remained relatively constant during the first 6 years, but increased abruptly in 1998-99.This interval between the recording of the first larvae and mass development of the species is extraordinarily long for the Baltic, and was possibly caused by the low salinity of Pärnu Bay.In the North and Baltic seas, two sibling species of Marenzelleria have been identified.The North Sea form, M. cf.wireni, breeds in spring, while the Baltic Sea form, M. cf.viridis, has only been reported to breed in autumn.In Pärnu Bay, fertilized eggs and trochophores of Marenzelleria occurred in plankton both in spring and in autumn, which raises a question of the identification of the spring larvae.Earlier genetic analyses have however indicated that only M. cf.viridis is found in the Gulf of Riga.Therefore the species is, in suitable environmental conditions, capable of reproducing two times a year.The spawning season of the Baltic M. cf.viridis is thus not genetically determined, but is caused by exogenous factors, such as temperature and possibly also food conditions.
A Context-Integrated Transformer-Based Neural Network for Auction Design (2022)

One of the central problems in auction design is developing an incentive-compatible mechanism that maximizes the auctioneer's expected revenue. While theoretical approaches have encountered bottlenecks in multi-item auctions, recently, there has been much progress on finding the optimal mechanism through deep learning. However, these works either focus on a fixed set of bidders and items, or restrict the auction to be symmetric. In this work, we overcome such limitations by factoring \emph{public} contextual information of bidders and items into the auction learning framework. We propose $\mathtt{CITransNet}$, a context-integrated transformer-based neural network for optimal auction design, which maintains permutation-equivariance over bids and contexts while being able to find asymmetric solutions. We show by extensive experiments that $\mathtt{CITransNet}$ can recover the known optimal solutions in single-item settings, outperform strong baselines in multi-item auctions, and generalize well to cases other than those in training.
<i>N</i>′-[(1<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>,8<i>R</i>)-2,2-Dichloro-3,7,7,10-tetramethyltricyclo[6.4.0.0<sup>1,3</sup>]dodecan-11-yl]acetohydrazide (2016)

The title compound, C 18 H 26 Cl 2 N 2 O, was synthesized in four steps from β-himachalene (3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1 H -benzocycloheptene), which was isolated from an essential oil of the Atlas cedar ( Cedrus atlantica ). It crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Each molecule is built up from fused six- and seven-membered rings and an appended three-membered ring. An acetylhydrazone substituent is attached to the six-membered ring. In both molecules the six-membered rings display half-chair conformations, whereas the seven-membered rings have boat conformations. In the two molecules, the mean planes of the two rings are inclined to one another by 59.9 (3) and 59.1 (3)°. In the crystal, the two molecules are linked via N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with an R 2 2 (8) loop. Within the dimer there are also C—H...O hydrogen bonds present. The dimers are linked via C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to the ab plane.
<i>Streptococcus sinensis</i> sp. nov., a Novel Species Isolated from a Patient with Infective Endocarditis (2002)

A bacterium was isolated from the blood culture of a patient with infective endocarditis. The cells were facultative anaerobic, nonsporulating, gram-positive cocci arranged in chains. The bacterium grows on sheep blood agar as alpha-hemolytic, gray colonies of 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C in ambient air. Growth also occurs in 10 or 40% bile and on bile esculin agar but not in 6% NaCl. No enhancement of growth is observed in 5% CO(2). It is nongroupable with Lancefield groups A, B, C, D, F, or G antisera and is resistant to optochin and bacitracin. The organism is aflagellated and is nonmotile at both 25 and 37 degrees C. It is Voges-Proskauer test positive. It produces leucine arylamidase and beta-glucosidase but not catalase, urease, lysine decarboxylase, or ornithine decarboxylase. It hydrolyzes esculin and arginine. It utilizes glucose, lactose, salicin, sucrose, pullulan, trehalose, cellobiose, hemicellulase, mannose, maltose, and starch. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there were 3.6, 3.7, 4.3, 4.7, and 5.9% differences between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the bacterium and those of Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus anginosus, respectively. The G+C content of it (mean plus minus standard deviation) was 53.0% plus minus 2.9%. Based on phylogenetic affiliation, it belongs to the mitis or anginosus group of Streptococcus. For these reasons a new species, Streptococcus sinensis sp. nov., is proposed, for which HKU4 is the type strain. Further studies should be performed to ascertain the potential of this bacterium to become an emerging cause of infective endocarditis.
The Vulnerability of Older Australians in Bankruptcy: Insights from an Empirical Study (2018)

This article presents the results of the first empirical study focused on older Australians in bankruptcy. Our study — based on the examination of a large and unique dataset obtained by the authors from the bankruptcy regulator — provides a valuable insight into the severe financial challenges faced by many older Australians. Our analysis provides insights into the most significant causes of bankruptcy for older Australians as well as some possible explanations for their financial vulnerability. Our findings include that older Australians comprise an increasing proportion of those in bankruptcy and they are far more likely to cite excessive credit as the cause of their bankruptcy compared to younger and middle-aged bankrupts. We also find that the key salient features of older Australians in bankruptcy are their very high credit card debts, particularly in light of their low incomes and modest levels of assets. While older Australians tend to own real estate (such as their own home) and can be described as being ‘asset rich’, we observe that only a very small proportion of older Australians in bankruptcy own real estate.
Assessment of Language Dominance by Event-Related Oscillatory Changes in an Auditory Language Task: Magnetoencephalography Study (2010)

The authors investigated the oscillatory changes induced by auditory language task to assess hemispheric dominance of language. Magnetoencephalography studies were conducted during word listening in 6 normal right-handed volunteers and 13 epilepsy patients who underwent Wada test. We carried out a time-frequency analysis of event-related desynchronization (ERD)/event-related synchronization (ERS) and intertrial coherence. We localized ERD/ERS on each subject's magnetic resonance images using beamformer. We compared ERD/ERS values between the left and right side of regions of interest in inferior frontal and superior temporal areas. We assessed the target frequency range that correlated best with the Wada test results. In all normal subjects, gamma ERD was lateralized to the left side in both the inferior frontal and superior temporal areas. In epilepsy patients, the concordance rate of gamma ERD and the Wada test results was 76.9% for the inferior frontal area and 69.2% for the superior temporal area. Gamma ERD can be considered as an indicator of language function, although it was not sufficient to replace the Wada test in the evaluation of epilepsy patients. The gamma ERD value of the inferior frontal area was more reliable for the assessment of language dominance compared with that obtained in the superior temporal area.
A 10-Gb/s Burst-Mode Clock-and-Data Recovery IC with Frequency-Adjusting Dual Gated VCOs (2008)

A high-speed serial, 10-Gb/s, passive optical network (PON) is a good candidate for a future PON system. However, there are several issues to be solved in extending the physical speed to 10Gb/s. The issues focused on here are not only the data rate, which is eight times higher than that of a conventional GE-PON, but also the instantaneous amplification and synchronization of AC-coupling burst-input data without a reset signal. An input amplifier with data-edge detection can both detect levelvarying input due to AC-coupling and respond to the first bit of a burst packet. Another issue discussed here is tolerance to long consecutive identical digits (CIDs). A burst-mode clock-and-data recovery (CDR) using dual gated VCOs (G-VCOs) is designed for 10-Gb/s operation. The relation between the frequency difference of the dual G-VCOs and CID tolerance is derived with a frequency tunable G-VCO circuit. The burst-mode CDR IC is implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS process. It successfully operates at a data rate of 10.3125Gb/s. The CDR IC using the edge-detection input amplifier and the G-VCO CDR core achieves amplification and synchronization in 0.2ns with AC-coupling without a reset signal. The IC also demonstrates 1001bits of CID tolerance, which is more than enough tolerance for 65-bit CIDs in the 64B/66B code of 10 Gigabit Ethernet. Measured data suggest that dual G-VCOs on a die have over a 20-MHz frequency difference and that the frequency adjusting between the G-VCOs is effective for increasing CID tolerance.