gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering Study of Soft Mode Dynamics in Ferroelectric Crystals (1992)

Soft Modes, ISRS, and Perovskite Ferroelectrics The dynamics of cooperative ordering in crystals near structural phase transitions have long been elusive. Most picosecond and femtosecond time-resolved measurements have involved rapid laser heating of a sample whose phase transition (e.g. melting) dynamics are then monitored 1 . In this case many lattice degrees of freedom are excited, and little information is provided about the roles or dynamics of particular lattice motions. In structural phase transitions, the order parameter is described by one or a very few specific ("soft") lattice modes whose motions bring crystalline constituents from their initial positions into their positions in a new crystalline phase. Experimental characterization of the dynamics is possible in some cases through Raman spectroscopy, but often the highly damped character of the soft mode leads to a central peak in the Raman spectrum which cannot be analyzed accurately. In many cases it is not even possible to tell whether the ordering motion is a heavily damped vibration, Debye relaxation, or some combination of the two. This information is essential for understanding the microscopic mechanism of a transition since vibrational or relaxational character is an indication of ionic motion within a single potential energy minimum (i.e. a displacive transition) or hopping between different sites (an order-disorder transition) respectively.
Epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations in offspring born to women with type 1 diabetes (the EPICOM study) (2022)

These findings suggest the possibility for intrauterine exposure to maternal T1DM to impact later in life methylation and gene expression in the offspring, a profile that may be linked to the increased risk of vascular and metabolic disease later in life.
Isolation, Culture, and Gene Transfer of Adult Canine Cardiac Myocytes (2003)

The ability to isolate individual canine cardiac myocytes that maintain normal rod-shaped morphology and contractility with stimulation is integral to the study of cardiac myocyte function and response to intervention in vitro. The literature is replete with the use of isolated murine and rat myocytes for the investigation of cardiac physiology. Methods include morselization or perfusion of the myocardium with various enzymatic solutions to disperse cells. Similar methods have been translated to larger species with variable yield and viability.
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness predicts CSF amyloid/tau before cognitive decline (2020)

Our retinal data predict which individuals have CSF biomarkers of AD pathology before cognitive deficits are detectable with 87% sensitivity. Such results from easy-to-acquire, objective and non-invasive measurements of the RNFL merit further study of OCT technology to monitor or screen for early AD pathology.
Advanced blow-out preventer (2023)

An advanced blowout preventer that includes an arrester section and a shear section. The arrester section includes a number or arrester rings that are shaped to extend downwardly. The shape of the arrester rings allows the force of gas flowing out of the well to assist in closing the rings. The arrester section may have a number of arrester rings that cooperate to significantly reduce fluid from flowing in the annulus between a section of drill pipe and the blowout preventer. The advanced blowout preventer may also include a shear section. The shear section is configured to engage and shear a section of pipe using induction.
Transgene expression from PEGPOD DNA nanoparticles is dose-dependent and not influenced by S/MARs and CpG depletion. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Schematic of pCAG-Luc and pcpg-Luc. (B) Luciferase expression quantified at 48 hours and 7days post injection at three different concentrations (1.5, 0.7, and 0.4µg) of PEGPOD pcpg-Luc NPs into the murine subretinal space. Luciferase activity for non-compacted plasmid, pcpg-Luc, is also shown. While expression from PEGPOD pcpg-Luc NPs containing 1.5μg plasmid at 7days post-injection was significantly reduced relative to that at 48 hours (p&lt;0.01), PEGPOD pcpg-Luc NPs containing either 0.7 or 0.4μg of plasmid did not show a reduction in luciferase expression at 7 days relative to 48 hours. In addition, expression from PEGPOD pcpg-Luc NPs containing 0.7 and 0.4μg of plasmid at 7 days is significantly higher (p&lt;0.005 and p&lt;0.05, respectively) than expression at 7 days from injections with PEGPOD pcpg-Luc NPs containing 1.5μg plasmid. 1.5μg, n=4; 0.7μg, n=9; 0.4μg, n=7. Data is shown as mean +/-SEM. (C) Quantification of luciferase expression at different time points up to 15 weeks post-injection at 0.7 and 0.4μg of PEGPOD pcpg-Luc NPs or non-compacted pcpg-Luc into the murine subretinal space. Injection of 0.4μg and 0.7µg PEGPOD pcpg-Luc NPs achieves statistically significant gene expression relative to non-compacted pcpg-Luc at each time point up to 10 weeks (p&lt;0.05 for all time points). Average n per time point: 0.7μg, n=8; 0.4μg, n= 6; non-compacted plasmid, n=10; uninjected n=6. Data is shown as mean +/-SEM. (D) Quantification of luciferase at different time points up to 15 weeks post-injection of 0.4μg of PEGPOD pCAG-Luc NPs or non-compacted pCAG-Luc into the murine subretinal space. Injection of 0.4μg PEGPOD pCAG-Luc achieves significantly increased gene expression relative to injection with pCAG-Luc alone up to 10 weeks (p&lt;0.05). Average n per time point: 0.4μg, n= 6; non-compacted plasmid, n=4; uninjected n=6. Data is shown as mean +/-SEM. (E) Graph of fold-difference in luciferase expression in retinas injected with 0.4µg of PEGPOD pcpg-Luc NPs and 0.4µg PEGPOD pCAG-Luc NPs relative to non-compacted plasmid at 1, 3, 5, and 10 weeks post-injection. S/MAR, scaffold/matrix attachment region; BGlo, ßglobin; mCMV enh, murine cytomegalovirus enhancer; pAn, polyAdenylation signal; IFNB, interferon ß; RLU, relative luciferase units.&lt;/p&gt;
Insights to SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathophysiology, and rationalized treatments that target COVID-19 clinical complications (2021)

Here we discuss SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and a number of approaches aiming to suppress viral infection rates or propagation; increase virus antigen presentation in order to activate a robust and durable adaptive immune response from the host, and/or mitigate the ARDS-related "cytokine storm" and collateral tissue damage that triggers the severe life-threatening complications of COVID-19.
Efficacy of Different Insecticides Against Aphid Myzus persicae L. on Tobacco Crop (2005)

Studies were conducted on the efficacy of different chemical insecticides against Myzus persicae L. (Homoptera: Aphididae) on tobacco crop at Pakistan Tobacco research station, khan Ghari, Mardan, NWFP-Pakistan. Results showed that lowest mean pupation of aphid/leaf was recorded with confidor (20 aphid/leaf) and actara (18 aphid/leaf) treated plots, while highest mean population of aphid per leaf was recorded with methomyl (42 aphid/leaf) and tracer (39 aphid/leaf). Significant differences were not found in plant height (cm), number of leaves counted and fin leaf area (cm 2 ) among the different treatments. Yield of tobacco was highest (2253.0 kg/ha) with confidor application, while lowest (1732.0 kg/ha) in Sundaphos treatment.
Effects of Egg Phospholipids on the Intestinal Absorption of Lipids (2004)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of egg phospholipids [(phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM)] on intestinal absorption of cholesterol and other lipids. Each rat with lymph cannula was infused via a duodenal catheter at 3.0 mL/h for 8 h with a lipid emulsion containing triolein, cholesterol and PC in 24 mL PBS. The PC in the lipid emulsion was egg PC (EPC), hydrogenated egg PC (HPC), or soy PC (SPC). The EPC in the lipid emulsion markedly lowered the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol, compared with SPC and a lipid emulsion containing no PC. The HPC further lowered the absorption of cholesterol. The phospholipid output was not affected by the source of PC infused. The total lymphatic output of oleic acid (18:1), the major fatty acid infused in the form of triolein, did not differ among the NPC, SPC and EPC groups, but was significantly lower in the HPC group. The findings provide the first evidence that EPC markedly lowers the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol under in vivo conditions. The inhibitory effect of EPC appears to be due to the higher degree of saturation of its acyl groups relative to SPC, suggesting that the intestinal absorption of egg cholesterol may be reduced by the presence of PC in egg yolk. Experiment 2 was designed to determine whether egg SM, structurally similar to PC, also inhibits the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol. Egg SM lowered the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol in a dose dependent manner. Likewise, SM lowered the lymphatic absorption of oleic acid, whereas it had no effect on retinol absorption. SM at a high dose lowered the lymphatic outputs of both PC and SM, whereas there was no such effect at a lower dose. These results also indicate that luminal egg SM has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and other lipids of relatively high hydrophobicity.
Siderophore‐Mimetic hydrogel for iron chelation therapy (2011)

Abstract Two, three dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), a portion of the metal chelating domain of enterobactin, was immobilized on crosslinked organic polymer polyallylamine (PAAm) and used as a chelating agent for iron removal from aqueous solutions. The swelling behavior of PAAm and PAAm hydrogels conjugated with dihydroxybenzoic acid and the effect of contact time on the swelling and binding capacity of the hydrogel was investigated at several pH values to define the absorption mechanism. Iron uptake kinetics followed the pseudosecond order Ho model and equilibrium was described by either Temkin or Freundlich isotherms. Maximum chelating capacities of the hydrogels were found to be 500–1500 mg Fe 3+ g −1 and 1500–2500 mg Fe 2+ g −1 for PAAm and PAAm/DHBA hydrogels, respectively, depending on the pH of the media. The selectivity of the conjugate hydrogel toward ferric ions was studied at several different pH values. At every pH ranging from 2 to 7.5, the conjugate hydrogel showed relatively high binding affinity for ferric ions. The selective and rapid, high affinity binding of iron by this siderophore‐mimetic hydrogel offers potential application as a nonabsorbed chelator for iron in the gastrointestinal tract of patients suffering from iron overload diseases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of phorbol esters on rat lacrimal gland protein secretion. (1988)

To identify a role for protein kinase C in lacrimal gland protein secretion, we incubated rat exorbital lacrimal gland acini in the ester 4-beta-phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate (beta-phorbol dibutyrate), its inactive isomer 4-alpha-phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate (alpha-phorbol dibutyrate), and the diacylglycerol analog 1,2-oleoyl acetylglycerol (OAG). We determined protein secretion by measuring the activity of peroxidase, a protein secreted by lacrimal gland acini. beta-phorbol dibutyrate, but not alpha-phorbol dibutyrate, stimulated peroxidase secretion in a concentration-dependent manner with 3 X 10(-8) M producing maximal secretion. OAG (10(-6) M) also stimulated peroxidase secretion. To determine whether muscarinic and alpha 1-adrenergic agonists activate protein kinase C, we added beta-phorbol dibutyrate (10(-7) M) simultaneously with carbachol (10(-5) M) or phenylephrine (10(-4) M); under both conditions, secretion was less than additive. Protein secretion in the presence of beta-phorbol dibutyrate (10(-7) M) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (10(-8) M), the latter that acts through cAMP, was additive, and when the beta-phorbol dibutyrate but not the VIP concentration was decreased to 10(-8) M, secretion was potentiated. We conclude that muscarinic and alpha 1-adrenergic agonists, but not VIP, stimulated lacrimal gland protein secretion by activating protein kinase C.
The 10 - years follow up study on serum total cholesterol levels in normal Korean adult male workers living in Pohang (2003)

Background : The serum total cholesterol is supposed to be increased as dietary pattern is Westernized recently in our country. We studied the longitudinal change of serum total cholesterol levels in normal Korean adult male workers and analyzed the influence of age, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, lifestyle (exercise, smoking, alcohol drinking habits) on change of serum total cholesterol levels. Methods : The 6279 healthy adult male workers were studied during recent 10 Years (1992 and 2002). Those who suffered from hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, nephropathy, thyroid disease were excluded. Those who took antilipidemic drugs were al so excluded. Blood sampling for serum total cholesterol and sugar was done after overnight fasting for more than 12 hours. Data on lifestyle were obtained using self administered questionnaires. Result : The serum total cholesterol levels had increased by 23.223.60 mg/dL (2.32 mg/dL per year) between 1992 and 2002 surveys. The increment of serum total cholesterol levels was most prominent in twenties (3.30 mg/dL per year) during 10 years and less prominent in thirties (2.80 mg/dL per year), forties (2.19 mg/dL per year) and fifties (1.55 mg/dL per year). The change of body mass index (BMI) was most significantly correlated with that of serum total cholesterol level (r=0.290, p=0.0001) (=0.084, p=0.0001) The change of serum total cholesterol levels was also significantly correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure change, fasting blood sugar change, exercise and smoking habits. However, it was not significantly correlated with the alcohol drinking habits among influencing variables. Conclusion : The serum total cholesterol levels were increased by 23.223.60 mg/dL (2.32 mg/dl. per year) during recent 10 years. The increment of serum total cholesterol levels was most prominent in younger age group. The change of serum total cholesterol levels was most significantly correlated with that of body mass index (BMI) among influencing variables.
Coordinate Expression of Cytokines and Chemokines by NK Cells during Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection (2004)

Cytokines and chemokines activate and direct effector cells during infection. We previously identified a functional group of five cytokines and chemokines, namely, IFN-gamma, activation-induced T cell-derived and chemokine-related cytokine/lymphotactin, macrophage-inflammatory protein 1alpha, macrophage-inflammatory protein 1beta, and RANTES, coexpressed in individual activated NK cells, CD8(+) T cells, and CD4(+) Th1 cells in vitro and during in vivo infections. However, the stimuli during infection were not known. In murine CMV (MCMV) infection, the DAP12/KARAP-associated Ly49H NK cell activation receptor is crucial for resistance through recognition of MCMV-encoded m157 but NK cells also undergo in vivo nonspecific responses to uncharacterized stimuli. In this study, we show that Ly49H ligation by m157 resulted in a coordinated release of all five cytokines/chemokines from Ly49H(+) NK cells. Whereas other cytokines also triggered the release of these cytokines/chemokines, stimulation was not confined to the Ly49H(+) population. At the single-cell level, the production of the five mediators showed strong positive correlation with each other. Interestingly, NK cells were a major source of these five cytokines/chemokines in vitro and in vivo, whereas infected macrophages produced only limited amounts of macrophage-inflammatory protein 1alpha, macrophage-inflammatory protein1beta, and RANTES. These findings suggest that both virus-specific and nonspecific NK cells play crucial roles in activating and directing other inflammatory cells during MCMV infection.
A tunable RF front-end receiver for cognitive radio applications (2014)

In this paper, a tunable RF front-end sensing receiver for overlay cognitive radio applications is presented. The WLAN IEEE 802.11 g commercial wireless standard key specifications are targeted in the proposed receiver. The design includes a tunable filter-antenna, low-noise amplifier, tunable bandpass filter, single-ended balanced mixer, and a variable gain IF (Intermediate Frequency) amplifier. Prototypes of the aforementioned blocks are fabricated, measured, and assembled to test the reception of the built receiver. For different carrier frequencies in the 2.4-2.485 GHz vicinity, a 20-MHz down-converted signal is shown at the IF output of the receiver.
Interactions between calcium intake and polymorphisms in genes essential for calcium reabsorption and risk of colorectal neoplasia in a two‐phase study (2017)

The SLC8A1 (solute carrier family 8, member 1) gene, encoding Na<sup>+</sup> /Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger, is essential in regulating calcium reabsorption and homeostasis. Calcium homeostasis plays a key role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in five calcium-regulating genes (SLC8A1, ATP2B1, CALB1, CALB2, and CABP1) interact with calcium intake in relation to the risk of colorectal neoplasia. A two-phase (discovery and replication) study was conducted within the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study, including a total of 1275 cases and 2811 controls. In Phase I, we identified six out of 135 SNPs that significantly interacted with calcium intake in relation to adenoma risk. In Phase II, the calcium intake by rs4952490 (SLC8A1) interaction was replicated (P<sub>interaction</sub> = 0.048). We found an inverse association between calcium intake (1000-2000 mg/day) and colorectal adenomas, particularly for multiple/advanced adenomas, among the G-allele carriers but not among homozygous carriers of the common variant (A) in rs4952490. In the joint analysis of SLC8A1, KCNJ1, and SLC12A1 SNPs, carriers of variant alleles in at least two genes and with calcium intake above the DRI (1000 mg/day) were approximately 30-57% less likely to have adenomas than those whose calcium intake was below the DRI. The association was stronger for multiple/advanced adenomas. No association was found among those who did not carry any variant alleles in these genes when calcium intake was below 2500 mg/day. These findings, if confirmed, may provide a new avenue for the personalized prevention of colorectal adenoma and cancer.
The Use of Graphic Accelerators in Simulation of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Beams with Shock Fronts on the Basis of the Westerwelt Equation (2022)

The problem of accelerating the algorithm for calculating nonlinear effects is considered, when modeling high-intensity ultrasonic beams based on the one-way Westervelt equation. When constructing a numerical solution for strongly distorted waves with shock fronts, it is necessary to take into account large number of harmonics (up to 1000) on spatial grids with a matrix size of the order of 10 000 by 10 000, which requires the processing of large amounts of data and a long calculation time. In this paper, the implementation of the nonlinearity operator is carried out in a time representation using a Godunov-type shock-catching scheme, which allows modeling nonlinear waves with shock fronts with a small (3) number of grid nodes on the shock front. The paper compares the efficiency of using this method when it is implemented on central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) in comparison with the spectral method implemented earlier for quasi-linear wave propagation. An analysis is made of the speed of algorithm execution on the CPU and GPU, depending on the size of the input data arrays.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Catalytic Transesterification Reaction Using K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> for the Synthesis of Methyl Esters. (2010)

Abstract The method exhibits good functional group compatibility and provides a convenient approach to methyl esters.
A scheduling scheme for multiplexing extra streaming data into digital TV programs (2003)

In digital TV systems, variable bitrate encoding is usually used to improve the bandwidth usage efficiency. Since the transmission channel has a fixed bandwidth, this leaves some portions of the bandwidth unoccupied. This free space can be used to transmit extra data to enhance the TV content, which can be either discrete, like text, or streaming, like video and audio. We address the problem of adding time-sensitive streaming data to a TV program. The crucial part of this problem is a scheduling algorithm that guarantees the on-time delivery of the incidental data to the decoder. We present a sophisticated time-sensitive scheduling algorithm for off-line multiplexing of TV programs and incidental streaming data. The two important features of our algorithm are: 1) it minimizes the presentation delay for incidental and main streams; 2) it minimizes the required decoder buffer size for incidental data. Comparing the experimental results of our algorithm with existing scheduling methods shows that our algorithm significantly reduces the presentation delay and the decoder buffer size for the incidental streams.
Engineered human mesenchymal stem cells: a novel platform for skeletal cell mediated gene therapy (2001)

hMSCs represent a novel platform for skeletal gene therapy and the present results suggest that they can be genetically engineered to express desired therapeutic proteins inducing specific differentiation pathways. Moreover, hMSCs obtained from osteoporotic patients can restore their osteogenic activity following human BMP-2 gene transduction, an important finding in the future planning of gene therapy treatment for osteoporosis.
Bio-inspired geotechnical engineering: principles, current work, opportunities and challenges (2021)

A broad diversity of biological organisms and systems interact with soil in ways that facilitate their growth and survival. These interactions are made possible by strategies that enable organisms to accomplish functions that can be analogous to those required in geotechnical engineering systems. Examples include anchorage in soft and weak ground, penetration into hard and stiff subsurface materials and movement in loose sand. Since the biological strategies have been ‘vetted’ by the process of natural selection, and the functions they accomplish are governed by the same physical laws in both the natural and engineered environments, they represent a unique source of principles and design ideas for addressing geotechnical challenges. Prior to implementation as engineering solutions, however, the differences in spatial and temporal scales and material properties between the biological environment and engineered system must be addressed. Current bio-inspired geotechnics research is addressing topics such as soil excavation and penetration, soil–structure interface shearing, load transfer between foundation and anchorage elements and soils, and mass and thermal transport, having gained inspiration from organisms such as worms, clams, ants, termites, fish, snakes and plant roots. This work highlights the potential benefits to both geotechnical engineering through new or improved solutions and biology through understanding of mechanisms as a result of cross-disciplinary interactions and collaborations.