gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Complex-Specific Antigen Cocktails for a Skin Test Specific for Tuberculosis (1998)

The tuberculin skin test currently used to diagnose infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has poor diagnostic value, especially in geographic areas where the prevalence of tuberculosis is low or where the environmental burden of saprophytic, nontuberculous mycobacteria is high. Inaccuracy of the tuberculin skin test often reflects a low diagnostic specificity due to the presence in tuberculin of antigens shared by many mycobacterial species. Thus, a skin test specific for tuberculosis requires the development of new tuberculins consisting of antigens specific to M. tuberculosis. We have formulated cocktails of two to eight antigens of M. tuberculosis purified from recombinant Escherichia coli. Multiantigen cocktails were evaluated by skin testing guinea pigs sensitized with M. bovis BCG. Reactivity of multiantigen cocktails was greater than that of any single antigen. Cocktail activity increased with the number of antigens in the cocktail even when the same amount of total protein was used for cocktails and for each single antigen. A cocktail of four purified antigens specific for the M. tuberculosis complex elicited skin test responses only in BCG-immunized guinea pigs, not in control animals immunized with M. avium. These findings open the way to designing a multiantigen formulation for a skin test specific for tuberculosis.
Stable expression of chicken type‐VI collagen α1, α2 and α3 cDNAs in murine NIH/3T3 cells (1992)

As a component of an extensive network of microfibrils interwoven with large collagen fibers and in close contact with cell surfaces, type VI collagen plays an important role in cell-matrix interactions. To investigate the behaviour of chicken type VI collagen chains in heterologous host cells as a means to understanding the pattern of assembly of this collagen, we transfected murine NIH/3T3 cells with cDNAs encoding chicken alpha 1(VI), alpha 2(VI) and alpha 3(VI) chains. Cell lines that constitutively expressed the individual chains were analyzed by metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies. No self-association was observed for either alpha 1(VI) or alpha 2(VI) chains which were secreted as monomeric polypeptides. Furthermore, neither the chicken alpha 1(VI) nor alpha 2(VI) chains associated with the endogenous murine chains to form chimeric chicken/murine heterotrimers. In contrast, chimeric chicken/murine heterotrimers were detected in cell lines transfected with chicken alpha 3(VI) cDNA. These chimeric forms appeared to be properly aligned since their triple helices were stable to pepsin digestion. In addition, the chimeric heterotrimers coassembled and gave rise to disulfide-linked type VI collagen molecules.
IP Connectivity Provisioning Profile (CPP) (2014)

This document describes the Connectivity Provisioning Profile (CPP)
and proposes a CPP template to capture IP/MPLS connectivity
requirements to be met within a service delivery context (e.g., Voice
over IP or IP TV). The CPP defines the set of IP transfer parameters
to be supported by the underlying transport network together with a
reachability scope and bandwidth/capacity needs. Appropriate
performance metrics, such as one-way delay or one-way delay variation,
are used to characterize an IP transfer service. Both global and
restricted reachability scopes can be captured in the CPP. Such a
generic CPP template is meant to (1) facilitate the automation of the
service negotiation and activation procedures, thus accelerating
service provisioning, (2) set (traffic) objectives of Traffic
Engineering functions and service management functions, and (3)
improve service and network management systems with 'decision-
making' capabilities based upon negotiated/offered CPPs.
In Vitro Thermomechanical Ageing of Ni-Ti Alloys (1998)

NiTi alloy is used as a biomaterial due to its pseudoelastic behaviour. It exhibits a great potential in dental and orthopedic applications where constant correcting loads are required. In order to use such materials, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the cyclic straining upon the transformation stresses and temperatures of the material, the effect of thermal cycling and the ageing at different temperatures and times of heat treatment. The aim of this work is to study the load and thermal cycling and the ageing with the temperature of a superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy.
NASREN: Standard reference model for telerobot control (1987)

A hierarchical architecture is described which supports space station telerobots in a variety of modes. The system is divided into three hierarchies: task decomposition, world model, and sensory processing. Goals at each level of the task dedomposition heirarchy are divided both spatially and temporally into simpler commands for the next lower level. This decomposition is repreated until, at the lowest level, the drive signals to the robot actuators are generated. To accomplish its goals, task decomposition modules must often use information stored it the world model. The purpose of the sensory system is to update the world model as rapidly as possible to keep the model in registration with the physical world. The architecture of the entire control system hierarch is described and how it can be applied to space telerobot applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Presence of Multiple Metal—Metal Bonds in Technetium Chlorides by X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Implications for Synthetic Chemistry. (2012)

Abstract The presence of Tc—Tc bonding in Cs 3 [Tc 2 X 8 ] (X: Cl, Br), in the product of the reduction of (I) with (Bu 4 N)BH 4 , and in the product obtained from reaction of (III) with gaseous HCl at 300 °C is probed by EXAFS spectroscopy.
Network calculus applied to optimal multimedia smoothing (2002)

We consider a scenario where multimedia data are sent over a network offering a guaranteed service. A smoothing device writes the stream into a transmitting device with limited input buffer; at the destination, the decoder waits for an initial playback delay and reads the stream from the receiver buffer. We assume that some limited look-ahead is possible at the source, and that the playback buffer size is limited. First, we consider the case where the stream is delivered from the source directly to the destination buffer. We obtain closed-form expressions of the minimal required values in the case of a CBR smoothing. Then we consider the case where the stream is first transmitted through a backbone network to an intermediate server, which relays the multimedia data to the final destination via an access network. We compute the requirements on playback delay, buffer sizes and amount of look-ahead.
Aging 2.0: Health Information about Dementia on Twitter (2013)

Online social media is widespread, easily accessible and attracts a global audience with a widening demographic. As a large proportion of adults now seek health information online and through social media applications, communication about health has become increasingly interactive and dynamic. Online health information has the potential to significantly impact public health, especially as the population gets older and the prevalence of dementia increases. However, little is known about how information pertaining to age-associated diseases is disseminated on popular social media platforms. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined empirically: (i) who is using social media to share information about dementia, (ii) what sources of information about dementia are promoted, and (iii) which dementia themes dominate the discussion. We data-mined the microblogging platform Twitter for content containing dementia-related keywords for a period of 24 hours and retrieved over 9,200 tweets. A coding guide was developed and content analysis conducted on a random sample (10%), and on a subsample from top users' tweets to assess impact. We found that a majority of tweets contained a link to a third party site rather than personal information, and these links redirected mainly to news sites and health information sites. As well, a large number of tweets discussed recent research findings related to the prediction and risk management of Alzheimer's disease. The results highlight the need for the dementia research community to harness the reach of this medium and its potential as a tool for multidirectional engagement.
The survival of parenchymal hepatocytes irradiated with low and high LET radiation. (1984)

We have developed an in vivo clonogenic assay system for parenchymal hepatocytes which has enabled us to investigate the reproductive survival and repair capacity of liver cells exposed to genotoxic agents. In this report we present our results with hepatocytes irradiated 60Co and neutrons. The survival curve for parenchymal hepatocytes enzymatically dispersed 30 min after exposure to 60Co has a D0 value of 2.7 Gy and an extrapolation number insignificantly different from unity. However, when the hepatocytes were allowed to remain in situ for 24 h before being assayed for survival, the extrapolation number significantly increased to 2.3, whereas the D0 value remained unchanged. Therefore, normal parenchymal hepatocytes in G0 are able to repair potentially lethal damage (PLD) after exposure to 60Co and this repair phenomenon is expressed solely as an increase in the n value. In contrast, with hepatocytes exposed to 14.3 MeV neutrons, the survival curve is exponential with a D0 value of 1.7 Gy regardless of whether the cells remained in situ for 30 min or 24 h before the assessment of their reproductive survival. A comparison of the 60Co and neutron survival curves, where 24 h is allowed for PLD repair to occur, demonstrates that the RBE of neutrons for hepatocytes increases with decreasing dose and equals 4.2 at 50 cGy. The radioprotective agent WR-2721 was shown to act as a dose modifying agent with a DMF of 2.1, implying that it may be of potential clinical value as a radiation hepato-protective drug.
Epicardial fat volume is associated with preexisting atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and increased pacemaker implantation rate in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (2021)

Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) is a highly metabolically active fat depot surrounding the heart and coronary arteries that is related to early atherosclerosis and adverse cardiac events. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the amount of EFT and preexisting cardiac conduction abnormalities (CCAs) and the need for new postinterventional pacemaker in patients with severe aortic stenosis planned for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). A total of 560 consecutive patients (54% female) scheduled for TAVI were included in this retrospective study. EFT volume was measured via a fully automated artificial intelligence software (QFAT) using computed tomography (CT) performed before TAVI. Baseline CCAs [first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, right bundle branch block (RBBB), and left bundle branch block (LBBB)] were diagnosed according to 12-lead ECG before TAVI. Aortic valve calcification was determined by the Agatston score assessed in the pre-TAVI CT. The median EFT volume was 129.5 ml [IQR 94-170]. Baseline first-degree AV block was present in 17%, RBBB in 10.4%, and LBBB in 10.2% of the overall cohort. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, higher EFT volume was associated with first-degree AV block (OR 1.006 [95% CI 1.002-1.010]; p = 0.006) and the need for new pacemaker implantation after TAVI (OR 1.005 [95% CI 1.0-1.01]; p = 0.035) but not with the presence of RBBB or LBBB. EFT volume did not correlate with the Agatston score of the aortic valve. Greater EFT volume is associated independently with preexisting first-degree AV block and new pacemaker implantation in patients undergoing TAVI. It may play a causative role in degenerative processes and the susceptibility of the AV conduction system.
Analysis of Lipid Hydroperoxide Formation in Food and Biological Systems (2000)

This review is based on the article that qualified for the 2000 Japan Oil Chemists' Society Award. Peroxidative stress on lipid molecules not only invites diminution of the nutritive value of foods, but also takes part in several biochemical consequences, aging and the pathophysiology of diseases. It is important to measure lipid hydroperoxide as a primary oxidation product in order to determine the degree of lipid oxidized in foods and in the biomembranes of the body, and also to maintain health and the wholesomeness of foods. In 1987, we established a new methodology called chemiluminescence detection - high performance liquid chromatography (CL-HPLC), which is sensitive and selective enough to determine the hydroperoxide lipid class level in foods and human blood plasma. The unique post-column chemiluminescence reagent consists of cytochrome C and luminol in an alkaline borate buffered solution. Using CL-HPLC, we confirmed bis-hydroperoxides formation other than mono-hydroperoxides in the initial stage of triacylglycerol oxidation in food oils. Long-term fish oil consumption in animals invites a high risk of membrane lipid peroxidation together with an increased need for α-tocopherol. The principal cause of cellular lipid peroxidation is aging (senescence) of the body. Membrane lipid peroxidation is essential to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and other diseases.
CO2 hydrogenation to high-value products via heterogeneous catalysis (2019)

Recently, carbon dioxide capture and conversion, along with hydrogen from renewable resources, provide an alternative approach to synthesis of useful fuels and chemicals. People are increasingly interested in developing innovative carbon dioxide hydrogenation catalysts, and the pace of progress in this area is accelerating. Accordingly, this perspective presents current state of the art and outlook in synthesis of light olefins, dimethyl ether, liquid fuels, and alcohols through two leading hydrogenation mechanisms: methanol reaction and Fischer-Tropsch based carbon dioxide hydrogenation. The future research directions for developing new heterogeneous catalysts with transformational technologies, including 3D printing and artificial intelligence, are provided.
Réorganisation de l'épigénome au cours de la spermiogénèse (2006)

Chaque spermatozoide transmet non seulement le genome paternel, mais egalement une information epigenetique, portee par l'organisation structurale du genome, ou epigenome. Malgre son importance lors du developpement embryonnaire, peu de donnees decrivent l'epigenome transmis par le gamete mâle. Ce travail etudie la reprogrammation de l'epigenome lors de la differenciation post-meiotique des cellules germinales males, ou spermiogenese. Ce processus implique une restructuration globale de la chromatine caracterisee par l'enlevement de la majorite des histones, associees a l'ADN dans les cellules somatiques, et leur remplacement par des proteines nucleaires specifiques du gamete male. Ce travail met en evidence dans les cellules post-meiotiques, un dialogue original entre les modifications post-traductionnelles des histones et la presence de nouveaux variants d'histones associes a l'heterochromatine pericentrique. La reprogrammation epigenetique des regions de controle de l'empreinte parentale a egalement ete analysee. De plus, de nouvelles fonctions ont ete mises en evidence pour plusieurs proteines chaperones, notamment HSP70. 2, Npm3 et NAP1L4, qui seraient impliquees dans l'incorporation de variants d'histones ou de proteines basiques specifiques lors des etapes tardives de la spermiogenese. Ainsi, l'action coordonnee de plusieurs voies de reorganisation de la chromatine participe a la mise en place de l'epigenome transmis par les spermatozoides.
Genome Sequence of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF57_BC) Identified from Yunnan, China (2013)

We identified a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (designated CRF57_BC) from a total of four patients with no obvious epidemiologic linkage in western Yunnan (Dehong prefecture) in China. Two strains (09CN.YNFL37 and 10CN.DHFL17) were identified in this study. An additional two strains (341 and 1439) were found among strains reported in a previous study. CRF57_BC was composed of subtype B and subtype C, with one subtype B segment inserted into the gag region of the subtype C backbone. Subregion tree analysis showed that the B regions originated from a Thai B lineage and the C regions were from an India C lineage. The emergence of CRF57_BC may reflect the continual generation of various forms of intersubtype recombinants in western Yunnan.
Independent motion: the importance of history (2003)

We consider a problem central in aerial visual surveillance applications-detection and tracking of small, independently moving objects in long and noisy video sequences. We directly use spatiotemporal image intensity gradient measurements to compute an exact model of background motion. This allows the creation of accurate mosaics over many frames and the definition of a constraint violation function which acts as an indication of independent motion. A novel temporal integration method maintains confidence measures over long subsequences without computing the optic flow, requiring object models, or using a Kalman filler. The mosaic acts as a stable feature frame, allowing precise localization of the independently moving objects. We present a statistical analysis of the effects of image noise on the constraint violation measure and find a good match between the predicted probability distribution function and the measured sample frequencies in a test sequence.
Functional Roles for C5a Receptors in Sepsis (2008)

The complement anaphylatoxin, C5a, is excessively generated during sepsis and plays adverse roles in survival. The function of the two C5a receptors (C5aR and C5L2) remains controversial; especially C5L2, originally termed a “default receptor”. The role of each receptor was investigated in the setting of cecal ligation and puncture‐induced sepsis in mice by antibody/antagonist‐induced blockade of C5a receptors or by using knockout mice (C5aR −/− , C5L2 −/− ). Cytokine/chemokine levels in plasma were determined by quantitative proteomic analyses. The content of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in plasma and supernatant fluids was assessed by ELISA and Western blotting. Using a “mid‐grade” level of sepsis (30% survival), blockade or absence of either C5aR or C5L2 improved survival and attenuated the buildup of proinflammatory mediators in plasma. Release of HMGB1 in vivo or secretion from phagocytes in vitro required C5L2 and signaling via mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, but was independent of C5aR. When “high‐grade” sepsis was employed (100% lethality), the only protective condition was the combined blockade of C5L2 and C5aR. These data indicate that C5aR and C5L2 contribute synergistically to harmful consequences during sepsis and that C5L2 is required for the release of HMGB1. Contrary to earlier speculation, C5L2 is a functional receptor rather than merely a “default” receptor.
Serum and macular response to carotenoid-enriched egg supplementation in human subjects: the Egg Xanthophyll Intervention clinical Trial (EXIT) (2017)

The macular carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) accumulate at the macula, where they are collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP). Augmentation of this pigment, typically achieved through diet and supplementation, enhances visual function and protects against progression of age-related macular degeneration. However, it is known that eggs are a rich dietary source of L and Z, in a highly bioavailable matrix. In this single-blind placebo-controlled study, L- and MZ-enriched eggs and control non-enriched eggs were fed to human subjects (mean age 41 and 35 years, respectively) over an 8-week period, and outcome measures included MP, visual function and serum concentrations of carotenoids and cholesterol. Serum carotenoid concentrations increased significantly in control and enriched egg groups, but to a significantly greater extent in the enriched egg group (P<0·001 for L, Z and MZ). There was no significant increase in MP in either study group post intervention, and we saw no significant improvement in visual performance in either group. Total cholesterol increased significantly in each group, but it did not exceed the upper limit of the normative range (6·5 mmol/l). Therefore, carotenoid-enriched eggs may represent an effective dietary source of L, Z and MZ, reflected in significantly raised serum concentrations of these carotenoids, and consequentially improved bioavailability for capture by target tissues. However, benefits in terms of MP augmentation and /or improved visual performance were not realised over the 8-week study period, and a study of greater duration will be required to address these questions.
Rational Design Yields Molecular Insights on Leaf-Binding of Anchor Peptides (2022)

In times of a constantly growing world population and increasing demand for food, sustainable agriculture is crucial. The rainfastness of plant protection agents is of pivotal importance to reduce the amount of applied nutrients, herbicides, and fungicides. As a result of protective agent wash-off, plant protection is lost, and soils and groundwater are severely polluted. To date, rainfastness of plant protection products has been achieved by adding polymeric adjuvants to the agrochemicals. However, polymeric adjuvants will be regarded as microplastics in the future, and environmentally friendly alternatives are needed. Anchor peptides (APs) are promising biobased and biodegradable adhesion promoters. Although the adhesion of anchor peptides to artificial surfaces, such as polymers, has already been investigated in theory and experimentally, exploiting the adhesion to biological surfaces remains challenging. The complex nature and composition of biological surfaces such as plant leaves and fruit surfaces complicate the generation of accurate models. Here, we present the first detailed three-layered atomistic model of the surface of apple leaves and use it to compute free energy profiles of the adhesion and desorption of APs to and from that surface. Our model is validated by a novel fluorescence-based microtiter plate (MTP) assay that mimics these complex processes and allows for quantifying them. For the AP Macaque Histatin, we demonstrate that aromatic and positively charged amino acids are essential for binding to the waxy apple leaf surface. The established protocols should generally be applicable for tailoring the binding properties of APs to biological interfaces.