gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech and action: integration of action and language for mobile robots (2007)

We describe the tight integration of incremental natural language understanding, goal management, and action processing in a complex robotic architecture, which is required for natural interactions between robots and humans. Specifically, the natural language components need to process utterances while they are still spoken to be able to initiate feedback actions in a timely fashion, while the action manager might need information at various points during action execution that must be obtained from humans. We argue that a finer- grained integration provides much more natural human-robot interactions and much more reasonable multitasking.
Deep Learning-based Initialization of Iterative Reconstruction for Breast Tomosynthesis (2020)

Reconstruction of digital breast tomosynthesis is a challenging problem due to the limited angle data available in such systems. Due to memory limitations, deep learning-based methods can help improve these reconstructions, but can not (yet) attain sufficiently high resolution. In addition to this practical issue, questions remain on the possibility of such models introducing 'ghost' information from the training data that is not compatible with the projection data. To take advantage of some of the benefits of deep learning-based reconstructions while avoiding these limitations, we propose to use the low resolution deep learning-based reconstruction as an initialization of a regular high resolution iterative method. The network was trained using digital phantoms, some based on a mathematical model and some derived from patient dedicated breast CT scans. The output of this network was then used as initialization for 10 000 iterations of MLTR for nine patient based phantoms that were not included in the training. The same nine cases were also reconstructed without any initialization for comparison. The reconstructions including initialization were found to reach a lower mean squared error than those without, and visual inspection found much improved retrieval of the breast outline and depiction of the skin, confirming that adding the deep learning-based initialization adds valuable information to the reconstruction.
Analysis of Barley Leaf Epidermis and Extrahaustorial Proteomes During Powdery Mildew Infection Reveals That the PR5 Thaumatin-Like Protein TLP5 Is Required for Susceptibility Towards Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (2019)

Powdery mildews are biotrophic pathogens causing fungal diseases in many economically important crops, including cereals, which are affected by <i>Blumeria graminis</i>. Powdery mildews only invade the epidermal cell layer of leaf tissues, in which they form haustorial structures. Haustoria are at the center of the biotrophic interaction by taking up nutrients from the host and by delivering effectors in the invaded cells to jeopardize plant immunity. Haustoria are composed of a fungal core delimited by a haustorial plasma membrane and cell wall. Surrounding these is the extrahaustorial complex, of which the extrahaustorial membrane is of plant origin. Although haustoria transcriptomes and proteomes have been investigated for <i>Blumeria</i>, the proteomes of barley epidermis upon infection and the barley components of the extrahaustorial complex remains unexplored. When comparing proteomes of infected and non-infected epidermis, several classical pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were more abundant in infected epidermis. These included peroxidases, chitinases, cysteine-rich venom secreted proteins/PR1 and two thaumatin-like PR5 protein isoforms, of which TLP5 was previously shown to interact with the <i>Blumeria</i> effector BEC1054 (CSEP0064). Against expectations, transient <i>TLP5</i> gene silencing suggested that TLP5 does not contribute to resistance but modulates susceptibility towards <i>B. graminis</i>. In a second proteomics comparison, haustorial structures were enriched from infected epidermal strips to identify plant proteins closely associated with the extrahaustorial complex. In these haustoria-enriched samples, relative abundances were higher for several V-type ATP synthase/ATPase subunits, suggesting the generation of proton gradients in the extrahaustorial space. Other haustoria-associated proteins included secreted or membrane proteins such as a PIP2 aquaporin, an early nodulin-like protein 9, an aspartate protease and other proteases, a lipase, and a lipid transfer protein, all of which are potential modulators of immunity, or the targets of pathogen effectors. Moreover, the ER BIP-like HSP70, may link ER stress responses and the idea of ER-like properties previously attributed to the extrahaustorial membrane. This initial investigation exploring the barley proteomes of <i>Blumeria</i>-infected tissues and haustoria, associated with a transient gene silencing approach, is invaluable to gain first insight of key players of resistance and susceptibility.
Operative indications and choice of surgical approach for fractures of the acetabulum (1986)

Post-traumatic arthritis is the primary clinical problem following displaced acetabulum fractures. Disruption of the acetabulum leads to alteration of the normal cartilage pressure distribution and subsequent destruction of articular cartilage. Initial AP and 45° oblique views of the pelvis as well as CT scanning lead to the proper fracture classification and nonoperative versus operative decision making. A trial of closed reduction is not usually an integral part of the evaluation. Fractures chosen for nonoperative treatment are expected to have a satisfactory clinical result despite articular displacement. Included in this category are fractures involving only inferior areas of the acetabulum and both column fractures with secondary congruence. The majority of displaced fractures do not meet the criteria for closed treatment and should be treated by open reduction and internal fixation. No one surgical approach is appropriate for all fractures, so an accurate preoperative radiographic interpretation is essential. The most effective surgical approaches are the Kocher-Langenbeck, extended iliofemoral, and ilioinguinal approaches.
Stereochemistry of the Diels-Alder reaction of butadiene with cyclopropene (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of the Diels-Alder reaction of butadiene with cyclopropeneJohn E. Baldwin and V. Prakash ReddyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 22, 5264–5267Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00283a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00283a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views503Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Landsat 9 OLI 2 focal plane subsystem: design, performance, and status (2017)

The Landsat 9 mission will continue the legacy of Earth remote sensing that started in 1972. The Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI 2) is one of two instruments on the Landsat 9 satellite. The OLI 2 instrument is essentially a copy of the OLI instrument flying on Landsat 8. A key element of the OLI 2 instrument is the focal plane subsystem, or FPS, which consists of the focal plane array (FPA), the focal plane electronics (FPE) box, and low-thermal conductivity cables. This paper presents design details of the OLI 2 FPS. The FPA contains 14 critically-aligned focal plane modules (FPM). Each module contains 6 visible/near-IR (VNIR) detector arrays and three short-wave infrared (SWIR) arrays. A complex multi-spectral optical filter is contained in each module. Redundant pixels for each array provide exceptional operability. Spare detector modules from OLI were recharacterized after six years of storage. Radiometric test results are presented and compared with data recorded in 2010. Thermal, optical, mechanical and structural features of the FPA will be described. Special attention is paid to the thermal design of the FPA since thermal stability is crucial to ensuring low-noise and low-drift operation of the detectors which operate at -63&deg;C. The OLI 2 FPE provides power, timing, and control to the focal plane modules. It also digitizes the video data and formats it for the solid-state recorder. Design improvements to the FPA-FPE cables will be discussed and characterization data will be presented. The paper will conclude with the status of the flight hardware assembly and testing.
Robust dual stage HDD track follow control systems design for hand-off shaping (2003)

One of the challenges for the controller in a two-stage actuator system is determining the relative output contribution of the stages as a function of frequency. Two popular methods for controller design for two stage disk drive systems are /spl mu/-synthesis, and the PQ method. The PQ method specifically exploits the two-stage structure, while /spl mu/-synthesis is a more general multi-input multi-output (MIMO) robust control technique. This paper compares a design using /spl mu/-synthesis alone with a design using a combination of the PQ method and /spl mu/-synthesis. Both approaches account for modeling uncertainty in the primary actuator.
MOSFET Model HiSIM Based on Surface-Potential Description for Enabling Accurate RF-CMOS Design (2004)

The origin of the phenomena, obstructing circuit performance in the RF operating regime, as well as their modeling will be discussed. The applied surface-potential-based modeling allows self-consistent description of all phenomena important for accurate circuit simulation, as demonstrated with the MOSFET model HiSIM.
Effect of Polymer Network Made of Liquid Crystalline Diacrylate on Characteristics of Liquid Crystal Display Device (1994)

We investigated the effect of the polymer network, which is made of a liquid crystalline diacrylate in a nematic liquid crystalline host, on the alignment and motion of liquid crystals. We found that the polymer network has strong influence on the alignment and motion of the liquid crystals even with the low concentration of 2 wt% of the liquid crystalline diacrylate. The polymer network prepared in an electric field gives a uniform alignment of liquid crystals with a tilt angle to the alignment layer because of good orientation of the polymer network. Furthermore, we report the effect of the oriented polymer network on the characteristics of a twisted nematic (TN) device.
Towards Real-Time Visual Simulation of Water Surfaces (2001)

In this paper we demonstrate the benefits of the most current nVidia graphics chip set for realistic simulation and rendering of dynamic water surfaces in real-time. In particular we employ programmable vertex shaders for the simulation of the water surface height field and for the displacement, transformation and lighting of vertices. To keep bandwidth requirements low a superposition of NURBS surfaces generated by the hardware through OpenGL evaluators and gradient noise implemented in the shader program itself is proposed. Furthermore, environment cube-mapping is used to enable realistic rendering. Our method can efficiently simulate effects such as refraction, reflection and the Fresnel term to model the optical characteristics of water. Although in this work only the simulation of a certain class of natural phenomena is exemplified, the proposed method is suitable for visually representing other effects as well.
Prevalence and prognostic value of ventricular conduction delay in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2023)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Dutch Heart Foundation; Health Foundation Limburg Background The pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is heterogeneous and incompletely understood. Identifying phenotypes of HFpEF is a promising approach to determine the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and to improve treatment. Patients with electrical ventricular conduction delay (VCD) may represent a separate phenotype. Objectives To identify a VCD phenotype in HFpEF through assessment of QRS duration and vectorcardiographic QRS area. Moreover, to determine how differences in these VCD indices relate to adverse outcomes. Methods Consecutive patients underwent a comprehensive diagnostic work-up at baseline and were diagnosed with HFpEF. Baseline QRS duration was obtained clinically from a standard 12-leads electrocardiography (ECG). QRS area was derived from vectorcardiography analyses of the baseline ECG. Presence of VCD was categorically defined as QRS duration ≥120ms or QRS area ≥69µVs. Adverse outcome comprised a composite of HF hospitalization and cardiovascular mortality. Patients with cardiac devices before and up until one year after baseline were excluded in prognostic analyses. Results From a total of 346 HFpEF patients included in this study, 71.3% had a QRS duration &amp;lt;100ms compared to 20.1% with QRS duration 100-119ms and 8.6% with QRS duration ≥120ms. Only 3.8% of all patients had a QRS area ≥69µVs, indicating delayed left ventricular lateral wall activation. A history of coronary artery disease was more prevalent in patients with higher QRS duration or larger QRS area. Sex differences were mainly found in those with a QRS duration ≥100ms, which was present in 54.8% of all males and 17.5% of all females. After a median of 2 years follow-up, 16.4% of the patients had an adverse outcome. Longer QRS duration but not larger QRS area was associated with more adverse outcomes on a categorical scale (Figure). In multivariable Cox-regression analyses adjusted for sex and age, QRS duration was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes (hazard ratio per 1ms increase = 1.017, 95% confidence interval 1.004-1.030, P = 0.012) (Table). Conclusion HFpEF patients have a low prevalence of a VCD phenotype, 8.6% have a QRS duration ≥120ms and 3.8% a QRS area ≥69µVs. However, QRS duration &amp;gt;100ms was an independent predictor for adverse outcomes. Thus, future efforts are warranted to understand the biologic and mechanical mechanisms underlying the association of QRS duration and adverse outcomes, and to determine its clinical implications.
Differential Effects of or Overexpression on Hexosamine Biosynthesis by Muscles of Transgenic Mice (1996)

Transgenic mice that overexpress GLUT1 or GLUT4 in skeletal muscle were studied; the former but not the latter develop insulin resistance. Because increased glucose flux via the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway has been implicated in glucose-induced insulin resistance, we measured the activity of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT; rate-limiting enzyme) and the concentrations of UDP-N-acetyl hexosamines (major products of the pathway) as well as UDP-hexoses and GDP-mannose in hind limb muscles and liver in both transgenic models and controls. GFAT activity was increased 60-70% in muscles of GLUT1 but not in GLUT4 transgenics. GFAT mRNA abundance was unchanged. The concentrations of all nucleotide-linked sugars were increased 2-3-fold in GLUT1 and were unchanged in GLUT4-overexpressing muscles. Similar results were obtained in fed and fasted mice. GFAT and nucleotide sugars were unchanged in liver, where the transgene is not expressed. We concluded that 1) glucose transport appears to be rate limiting for synthesis of nucleotide sugars; 2) chronically increased glucose flux increases muscle GFAT activity posttranscriptionally; 3) increased UDP-glucose likely accounts for the marked glycogen accumulation in muscles of GLUT1-overexpressing mice; and 4) glucose flux via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is increased in muscles of GLUT1-overexpressing but not GLUT4-overexpressing mice; products of the pathway may contribute to insulin resistance in GLUT1 transgenics.
Shallow-water acoustic/geoacoustic experiments at the New Jersey Atlantic Generating Station site (1994)

Shallow-water acoustic experiments were conducted at the Atlantic Generating Station site on the New Jersey Continental Shelf as a part of a long-term study of the shallow-water physics in this region. A vertical hydrophone array was used to assess the dispersion characteristics of the broadband acoustic field. A geoacoustic data set including bottom impedance profiles were constructed based on previous measurements of geological parameters from sediment core data. Experimental results show that the acoustic wave-field dispersion is dependent on the azimuth angle. This dependency may be attributed to several factors relating to topography, range, and depth features.
Transparent identification of network flow and its security applications (2007)

Many people believe that flow transformations, such as encryption, network address translation (NAT), timing perturbation, traffic padding (or adding cover traffic, bogus packets), packet dropping, flow mixing, flow splitting and merging, etc., would make one network flow virtually indistinguishable from another. This belief is evidenced by existing anonymizing communication systems and the practice an attacker uses to hide its source and identity. 
This dissertation challenges this common belief by investigating network flow identification and its security applications. Specifically, an active timing-based, transparent network flow identification technique; an interval centroid-based watermarking scheme, is proposed. The technique is able to make any sufficiently long flow uniquely identifiable even if (1) it is mixed or merged with a number of other flows, (2) it is split into a number of subflows, and (3) there is a substantial portion of packets dropped. To the best of our knowledge, the technique is the only one in the literature that has such capabilities in flow identifications. 
This dissertation explores two security applications of flow identification techniques. One is to track anonymous peer-to-peer Voice over IP (VoIP) calls on the Internet, and the other is to provide authentication services to streaming data. This dissertation demonstrates that tracking anonymous peer-to-peer VoIP calls on the Internet is feasible and providing authentication to streaming data without communication overhead is practical. 
The study of this dissertation shows that traditional flow transformations; such as encryption, NAT, timing perturbation, traffic padding, packet dropping, and flow mixing/splitting/merging, do not necessarily provide the level of anonymity people have expected or believed in. The result of this study also demonstrates that achieving the unlinkability of sender and receiver in low-latency communication systems is much harder than we have realized, and current flow transformation-based low-latency anonymous communication systems need to be revisited. 
This dissertation also provides a design and implementation of a real-time high-precision watermarking engine. It is the first mechanism that enables one to delay any specified packet of any specified packet flow for any specified duration with precision of 100 microsecond. It has guaranteed precision regardless of the current CPU work load. This implementation design not only guarantees the practicality of the proposed network flow identification technique; but also enriches the highly needed network simulation toolkits repertory.
Computational reproducibility (2012)

Computational experiments have become an integral part of the scientific method, but reproducing, archiving, and querying them is still a challenge. The first barrier to a wider adoption is the fact that it is hard both for authors to derive a compendium that encapsulates all the components needed to reproduce a result and for reviewers to verify the results. In this tutorial, we will present a series of guidelines and, through hands-on examples, review existing tools to help authors create of reproducible results. We will also outline open problems and new directions for database-related research having to do with querying computational experiments.
Anisotropic Vanadium Oxide Nanostructured Host Matrices for Lithium Ion Intercalation (2007)

We report on unique high-volume low-dimensional <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E1"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>-based turbostratic nanostructures, prepared using sol-gel synthetic methods from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E2"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>⋅</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext></mml:math> xerogels. Electrochemical intercalation of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E3"><mml:msup><mml:mtext>Li</mml:mtext><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> to form <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E4"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>Li</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.65</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> resulted in a maximum measured charge capacity of 1225 mAh <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E5"><mml:msup><mml:mtext>g</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> as the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E6"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math>-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E7"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Li</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> phase. Conductivities of the order of 10 −3 S cm −1 were found on compressed-nanotube parallelepipedal samples, which exhibit an anisotropy factor of 70 at room temperature by preferential alignment of the nanotubes. The improved electrochemical properties observed in novel vanadium oxide nanostructured arrays are attributed to the increased volumetric density for ion intercalation, shorter diffusion paths to the intercalation sites, and a high degree of crystallinity of the individual nanotubular host structures.
Plasma neutralization properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (2021)

Omicron exhibits similar distribution of sequence changes and neutralization resistance as does a laboratory-designed neutralization-resistant spike protein, suggesting natural evolutionary pressure to evade the human antibody response. Currently available mRNA vaccine boosters, that may promote antibody affinity maturation, significantly ameliorate SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers.