gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Ab Initio</i>Transport Theory for Digital Ferromagnetic Heterostructures (2001)

We present a theoretical density functional study of the electronic, magnetic, and transport properties of digital ferromagnetic heterostructures, obtained by delta doping GaAs with Mn. In the absence of intrinsic donors these systems have a half metallic density of states, with an exchange interaction much stronger than that of a random alloy with the same Mn concentration. Our ab initio ballistic transport calculations show that the carriers at the Fermi energy are strongly confined within a few monolayers around the MnAs plane. This strong confinement is responsible for the large exchange coupling and the two-dimensional half metallic behavior.
Evaluation of video sequence indexing and hierarchical video indexing (1995)

As a first step to creating a video database, a video sequence has to be segmented into several subsequences based on significant changes in the scene. This enables the media user to identify the whole or a part of the sequence and to retrieve scenes of interest from a large video database. Researchers in the past have used a histogram based inter-frame difference approach to identify significant scene changes. To determine which is the best color coordinate system for video indexing, we have evaluated the histogram based indexing method using different color coordinate systems -- RGB, HSV, YIQ, L*a*b*, L*u*v* &amp; Munsell -- and compared the results for accuracy of indexing with reference to subjective indexing. Since it is difficult to determine the exact threshold value to obtain reasonably good results, we also propose a vide segmenting method called hierarchical histogram based indexing that segments a video sequence into several levels of subsequences using different levels of threshold.
Consice Synthesis of TAN1251C (2018)

Optical rotations were measured on a JASCO P-1030 polarimeter in 10 cm cells at 25 °C.Nuclear magnetic resonance [ 1 H NMR (500 MHz), 13 C NMR (125 MHz)] spectra were determined on JEOL ECA-500 and JEOL a-500 instrument.Chemical shifts for 1 H NMR were reported in parts per million downfields from tetramethylsilane (d) as the internal standard and coupling constants are in hertz (Hz).The following abbreviations are used for spin multiplicity: s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, m = multiplet, br = broad.Chemical shifts for 13 C NMR were reported in ppm relative to the centerline of a triplet at 77.0 ppm for deuteriochloroform.High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were obtained on a BRUKER DALTONICS micrOTOF (ESI).Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on a SHIMADZU IRPrestige-21.Optical rotations were measured on a JASCO P-1030 Polarimeter at rt using the sodium D line.Analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on Merck precoated analytical plates, 0.25 mm thick, silica gel 60 F254.Preparative TLC separations were made on 7 x 20 cm plates prepared with a 0.50 mm layer of Merck silica gel 60 F254.Compounds were eluted from the adsorbent with 10% MeOH in CHCl3.Flash chromatography separations were performed on KANTO CHEMICAL Silica Gel 60 (spherical) 40-50 µm, Silica Gel 60 (spherical) 63-210 µm, Silica Gel 60 N (spherical, neutral) 63-210 µm or Silica Gel 60 (spherical, NH) 40-50 µm.Reagents and solvents were commercial grades and were used as supplied with following exceptions: CH2Cl2, Et2O, n-hexane, THF, toluene: dried over molecular sieves 4A: MeOH, EtOH, MeCN : dried over molecular sieves 3A.All reactions sensitive to oxygen or moisture were conducted under an argon atmosphere.Ugi Product 26d.To a solution of amine 23 (16.8 g, 33.9 mmol, 1.01 eq.) in toluene (285 mL) were added 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethylene ketal (9) (5.25 g, 33.6 mmol, 1.00 eq.) and MS 4A (16.8 g).The solution was stirred at 80 ºC for 3 h.Then the solution was cooled to room temperature and carboxylic acid 11d (4.47 g, 33.6 mmol, 1.00 eq.) and isonitrile 21 (6.43 g, 33.6 mmol, 1.00 eq.) were added.The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h.The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite ® and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.Then the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (n-hexane:EtOAc = 1:1) to afford pure 26d (28.1 g, 80%) as a white amorphous solid.[a]D 27 -2.49(c 1.00, CHCl3); IR (film) 3393
Ultra-thin silicon/electro-optic polymer hybrid waveguide modulators (2015)

Ultra-thin silicon and electro-optic (EO) polymer hybrid waveguide modulators have been designed and fabricated. The waveguide consists of a silicon core with a thickness of 30 nm and a width of 2 μm. The cladding is an EO polymer. Optical mode calculation reveals that 55% of the optical field around the silicon extends into the EO polymer in the TE mode. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulator was prepared using common coplanar electrodes. The measured half-wave voltage of the MZI with 7 μm spacing and 1.3 cm long electrodes is 4.6 V at 1550 nm. The evaluated EO coefficient is 70 pm/V, which is comparable to that of the bulk EO polymer film. Using ultra-thin silicon is beneficial in order to reduce the side-wall scattering loss, yielding a propagation loss of 4.0 dB/cm. We also investigated a mode converter which couples light from the hybrid EO waveguide into a strip silicon waveguide. The calculation indicates that the coupling loss between these two devices is small enough to exploit the potential fusion of a hybrid EO polymer modulator together with a silicon micro-photonics device.
Synthèses de molécules tensioactives monocaténaires monopolaires à tête pryridinium et études de leurs SMO dans différents solvants struturés (2006)

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Transport of paclitaxel (Taxol) across the blood-brain barrier in vitro and in vivo (2002)

Paclitaxel concentrations in the brain are very low after intravenous injection.Since paclitaxel is excluded from some tumors by p-glycoprotein (p-gp), the same mechanism may prevent entry into the brain.In vitro, paclitaxel transport was examined in capillaries from rat brains by confocal microscopy using BODIPY Fl-paclitaxel.Western blots and immunostaining demonstrated apical expression of p-gp in isolated endothelial cells, vessels, and tissue.Secretion of BODIPY Fl-paclitaxel into capillary lumens was specific and energy-dependent.Steady state luminal fluorescence significantly exceeded cellular fluorescence and was reduced by NaCN, paclitaxel, and SDZ PSC-833 (valspodar), a p-gp blocker.Leukotriene C 4 (LTC 4 ), an Mrp2-substrate, had no effect.Luminal accumulation of NBDL-cyclosporin, a p-gp substrate, was inhibited by paclitaxel.In vivo, paclitaxel levels in the brain, liver, kidney, and plasma of nude mice were determined after intravenous injection.Co-administration of valspodar led to increased paclitaxel levels in brains compared to monotherapy.Therapeutic relevance was proven for nude mice with implanted intracerebral human U-118 MG glioblastoma.Whereas paclitaxel did not affect tumor volume, co-administration of paclitaxel (intravenous) and PSC833 (peroral) reduced tumor volume by 90%.Thus, p-gp is an important obstacle preventing paclitaxel entry into the brain, and inhibition of this transporter allows the drug to reach sensitive tumors within the CNS.
MTJ variation monitor-assisted adaptive MRAM write (2016)

Spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) and magnetoelectric random access memory (MeRAM) are promising non-volatile memory technologies. But STT-RAM and Me RAM both suffer from high write error rate due to thermal fluctuation of magnetization. Temperature and wafer-level process variation significantly exacerbate these problems. In this paper, we propose a design that adaptively selects optimized write pulse for STT-RAM and MeRAM to overcome ambient process and temperature variation. To enable the adaptive write, we design specific MTJ-based variation monitor, which precisely senses process and temperature variation. The monitor is over 10X faster, 5X more energy-efficient, and 20X smaller compared with conventional thermal monitors of similar accuracy. With adaptive write, the write latency of STT-RAM and MeRAM cache are reduced by up to 17% and 59% respectively, and application run time is improved by up to 41%.
Superconducting qubit as a quantum transformer routing entanglement between a microscopic quantum memory and a macroscopic resonator (2011)

We demonstrate experimentally the creation and measurement of an entangled state between a microscopic two-level system (TLS), formed by a defect in an oxide layer, and a macroscopic superconducting resonator, where their indirect interaction is mediated by an artificial atom, a superconducting persistent current qubit (PCQB). Under appropriate conditions, we found the coherence time of the TLS, the resonator, and the entangled state of these two are significantly longer than the Ramsey dephasing time of PCQB itself. This demonstrates that a PCQB can be used as a quantum transformer to address high coherence microscopic quantum memories by connecting them to macroscopic quantum buses.
Molecular architecture and regulation of BCL10-MALT1 filaments (2018)

The CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex triggers the adaptive immune response in lymphocytes and lymphoma cells. CARD11/CARMA1 acts as a molecular seed inducing BCL10 filaments, but the integration of MALT1 and the assembly of a functional CBM complex has remained elusive. Using cryo-EM we solved the helical structure of the BCL10-MALT1 filament. The structural model of the filament core solved at 4.9 Å resolution identified the interface between the N-terminal MALT1 DD and the BCL10 caspase recruitment domain. The C-terminal MALT1 Ig and paracaspase domains protrude from this core to orchestrate binding of mediators and substrates at the filament periphery. Mutagenesis studies support the importance of the identified BCL10-MALT1 interface for CBM complex assembly, MALT1 protease activation and NF-κB signaling in Jurkat and primary CD4 T-cells. Collectively, we present a model for the assembly and architecture of the CBM signaling complex and how it functions as a signaling hub in T-lymphocytes.
Inositol Hexakisphosphate Kinase-2 in Cerebellar Granule Cells Regulates Purkinje Cells and Motor Coordination via Protein 4.1N (2018)

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) regulate various biological processes. Among pyrophosphates generated by IP6Ks, diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP7), and bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate have been extensively characterized. IP7 is produced in mammals by a family of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases, IP6K1, IP6K2, and IP6K3, which have distinct biological functions. We report that IP6K2 binds protein 4.1.N with high affinity and specificity. Nuclear translocation of 4.1N, which is required for its principal functions, is dependent on IP6K2. Both of these proteins are highly expressed in granule cells of the cerebellum where their interaction regulates Purkinje cell morphology and cerebellar synapses. The deletion of IP6K2 in male/female mice elicits substantial defects in synaptic influences of granule cells upon Purkinje cells as well as notable impairment of locomotor function. Moreover, the disruption of IP6K2-4.1N interactions impairs cell viability. Thus, IP6K2 and its interaction with 4.1N appear to be major determinants of cerebellar disposition and psychomotor behavior.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Inositol phosphates are produced by a family of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks)-IP6K1, IP6K2, and IP6K3. Of these, the physiological roles of IP6K2 in the brain have been least characterized. In the present study, we report that IP6K2 binds selectively to the neuronal protein 4.1N. Both of these proteins are highly expressed in granule cells of the cerebellum. Using IP6K2 knock-out (KO) mice, we establish that IP6K2-4.1N interactions in granule cells regulate Purkinje cell morphology, the viability of cerebellar neurons, and psychomotor behavior.
Switchable carbamate coagulants to improve recycling ionic liquid from biomass solutions (2021)

A reversible amine-carbamate approach has been developed to reduce the use of antisolvents such as water in the coagulation of biopolymers from ionic liquid (IL) solution and thus improve the economy of IL recycle. Cellulose and chitin were recovered from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) solution by introducing the miscible amines triethanolamine (TEA), ethylenediamine (EDA), or butylamine (BA) and bubbling CO2 at 40 °C and atmospheric pressure through the solutions to form carbamate salts in situ which resulted in biopolymer coagulation. BA gave the best results because of its low boiling point and low viscosity, which benefited both biopolymer recovery and IL recycle. Cellulose films and fibers could be formed by extrusion of an MCC/[C2mim]‐[OAc] solution into a coagulating bath comprised of a 1:1 M mixture of [C2mim][OAc] and butylammonium butylcarbamate (BA-carbamate). The cellulose, IL, amine, and CO2 were easily separated, although the cellulose recovered required some water washings to remove traces of IL. Up to 96.4% of the [C2mim][OAc] could be recovered, 76.2% from the coagulation bath and 20.2% from the water washings. The recycled IL was suitable for another cycle of cellulose dissolution and extrusion and 84.6% of the IL used for the second cycle was recovered. Although further work is needed, not the least of which will be reducing the amount of water needed for washing steps, some promising features of this process point the way for new directions for more economically viable IL recycling processes in biomass treatment with ILs.
Experimental investigation of liquid metal droplet flow affected by a time-dependent magnetic field (2023)

Abstract The present study investigates experimentally the effects of a time-dependent and spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field on liquid metal droplet flow down an inclined substrate. The flow is solely excited by the electromagnetic interactions between the electrically conducting melt and the applied magnetic field. The metal droplet consists of the eutectic alloy GaInSn which is liquid at room temperature. The magnetic field is generated in the gap between two metallic disks that are equipped with a special geometric arrangement of permanent magnets and put into a measured rotation. During the experiments, a droplet of a measured volume is positioned on an electrically non-conducting substrate that is slightly inclined against the horizontal direction. Droplet and substrate are placed in between the two rotating magnetic disks. In our experiments, we record the electromagnetically excited flow of the droplet downwards onto the substrate using a high-speed camera system. Applying standard techniques of digital image processing, we measure both the displacement position and velocity of the droplet as a function of time. We observe that, depending on the rotation rate of the disks and angle of inclination, the magnetic field eventually triggers this spreading process. In more detail, by evaluating the recorded data, we find that the magnetic field excites capillary waves at the free surface of the droplet. These surface waves contribute to a redistribution of volume towards the contact line formed at the downward-facing end tip of the droplet. This mode of transport steepens the contact angle, allowing the droplet to move. Besides the fundamental aspect of this work, the present study may contribute to the electromagnetic control of both the production of metallic microfibers and metallurgic coating processes as well as to the non-contact electromagnetic flow measurement technique of Lorentz force velocimetry applied to liquid metal free-surface flows.
Glioma Cells in the Tumor Periphery Have a Stem Cell Phenotype (2016)

Gliomas are highly infiltrative tumors incurable with surgery. Although surgery removes the bulk tumor, tumor cells in the periphery are left behind resulting in tumor relapses. The aim of the present study was to characterize the phenotype of tumor cells in the periphery focusing on tumor stemness, proliferation and chemo-resistance. This was investigated in situ in patient glioma tissue as well as in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts. We identified 26 gliomas having the R132 mutation in Isocitrate DeHydrogenase 1 (mIDH1). A double immunofluorescence approach identifying mIDH1 positive tumor cells and a panel of markers was used. The panel comprised of six stem cell-related markers (CD133, Musashi-1, Bmi-1, Sox-2, Nestin and Glut-3), a proliferation marker (Ki-67) as well as a chemo-resistance marker (MGMT). Computer-based automated classifiers were designed to measure the mIDH1 positive nucleus area-fraction of the chosen markers. Moreover, orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts from five different patient-derived spheroid cultures were obtained and the tumor cells identified by human specific immunohistochemical markers. The results showed that tumor cells in the periphery of patient gliomas expressed stem cell markers, however for most markers at a significantly lower level than in the tumor core. The Ki-67 level was slightly reduced in the periphery, whereas the MGMT level was similar. In orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts all markers showed similar levels in the core and periphery. In conclusion tumor cells in the periphery of patient gliomas have a stem cell phenotype, although it is less pronounced than in the tumor core. Novel therapies aiming at preventing recurrence should therefore take tumor stemness into account. Migrating cells in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts preserve expression and stem cell markers. The orthotopic model therefore has a promising translational potential.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SEPARATION IN A LOW PRESSURE TURBINE BLADE CASCADE MODEL (2003)

The flow field around a low pressure turbine blade is examined using smoke-wire flow visualization, static surface pressure measurements, and particle image velocimetry (PIV). The purpose of the experimental study is to investigate the transition and separation characteristics on low pressure turbine blades under low Reynolds number (Re) and varying freestream turbulence intensity (FSTI). A cascade model consisting of 6 Pratt andamp; Whitney PAK-B low pressure turbine blades was examined in a wind tunnel using PIV and flow visualization. Smoke-wire visualization was performed for test section exit angles of 93°, 95°, and 97°, in the range Re = 3 · 104 to 9 · 104 and three levels of FSTI varied with a passive grid. The locations of separation and transition were determined to be approximately 45% and 77% of the suction surface length, respectively, based upon the smoke stream lines observed in the images, and appear to be independent of Re, turning angle, and FSTI. The maximum size of the separation bubble was found to decrease with increasing Re, turning angle, and FSTI. PIV images from three camera views were processed for an exit angle of 95° and a Re range of 3:0 · 104 to 30:0 · 104 and three levels of FSTI. Velocity, vorticity, and reversed flow probability field plots were generated along with velocity, vorticity, and RMS velocity profiles. The point of separation point was determined to be from 63% SSL to 67% SSL. The area of reversed flow was computed for each image pair from camera views 1 and 3, as an approxiamtion of the relative size of the separation region. For low Re and FSTI cases the area was much larger than for higher FSTI cases at any Re. The raw PIV images include some of the rst clear pictures of the turbulent flow structures forming in the unsteady shear layer over the suction surface of low pressure turbine blades. Several movies are compiled that show how the geometry and location of the shear layer evolve in time for a given set of flow conditions.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Bevacizumab plus Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 74K, High-power H&amp;E and CD31 stained post treatment biopsy of intratumoral vessels. The endothelial cells appear morphologically columnar. CD31 staining is concentrated at the interendothelial junctions (arrows).&lt;/p&gt;
Electromagnetically actuated ball valve micropumps (2005)

We present two types of oscillating diaphragm micropumps configured with passive ball valves and using electromagnetic actuation. One type is made out of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), while the other one is made out of borosilicate glass. Both were produced using the powder blasting microfabrication method. The pumping resonant frequency was measured to be within the range of 20-30 Hz for both prototypes. At resonance, a maximum backpressure of 280 mbar and a maximum water flow rate of about 5 ml/min were obtained. The experimental results can be well described by a simple hydrodynamic model of the system.
Quality of Life Measurements after Cochlear Implantation (2010)

Cochlear implantation has a remarkable impact on the social life, activities and self-esteem of each patient.In order to objectify this comprehensive effect the term quality of life has been introduced.Various questionnaires have been developed to assess the quality of life in such patients.In a review of the literature several generic and disease specific quality of life questionnaires were analyzed regarding the effect of cochlear implantation and changes over time after implantation.Numerous disease specific instruments show a considerable improvement in total scores and in several subcategories, but some generic instruments may not be sensitive enough to detect changes after cochlear implantation.Nevertheless a respectable number of sensitive and validated instruments are available for use in these patients.These instruments recognize substantial improvements after cochlear implantation in several aspects of quality of life including physical, social and psychological domains.Since quality of life questionnaires allow a comprehensive insight into patients' daily life and activities, quality of life measurements are an essential addition to speech perception tests to quantify the outcome after implantation.The measurement of cochlear implant related quality of life states an important instrument to provide information about the outcome of technical improvements, different treatment and rehab strategies in future.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Aryl‐O‐(α‐aminoacyl)hydroxylamines: Model Reactions for the Activation of Monocyclic Aromatic Amines into Ultimate Carcinogens with α‐Amino Acids. (1990)

Abstract The rearrangement of the new α‐aminohydroxamic acids (I) and several related compounds to the model title compounds (II) is observed in amine‐catalyzed model reactions.
Research Letter: Association between long COVID symptoms and employment status (2022)

Long COVID was associated with a greater likelihood of unemployment and lesser likelihood of working full time in adjusted models. Presence of cognitive symptoms was associated with diminished likelihood of working full time. These results underscore the importance of developing strategies to respond to long COVID, and particularly the associated neurocognitive symptoms.
MOLECULAR STUDIES ON INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS ISOLATED IN POLAND (2007)

The comparison of the conventional (aimed at the UTR’3 fragment) and nested RT-PCR (aimed at the N gene fragment) based methods revealed that nested PCR was about 1000 times more sensitive for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Molecular differentiation of 793/B, D274, and Mass IBV types was also achieved in multiplex nested PCR. Eight from nine studied Polish isolates had the characteristic band for 793/B and five simultaneously to D274 type. No band was obtained in the case of 162/97 isolate. The phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of IBV isolates from 1997-2006 revealed that 793/B and QX types are present in Poland. Two isolates have an unclear relationship with the rest of the strains and formed separate branches of the phylogenetic tree.