gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extreme-ultraviolet collector mirror measurement using large reflectometer at NewSUBARU synchrotron facility (2016)

Abstract In extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, the development of high-power EUV sources is one of the critical issues. The EUV output power directly depends on the collector mirror performance. Furthermore, mirrors with large diameters are necessary to achieve high collecting performance and take sufficient distance to prevent heat and debris from a radiation point of the source. Thus collector mirror development with accurate reflectometer is important. We have developed a large reflectometer at BL-10 beamline of the NewSUBARU synchrotron facility that can be used for mirrors with diameters, thicknesses, and weights of up to 800 mm, 250 mm, and 50 kg, respectively. This reflectometer can measure reflectivity with fully s-polarized EUV light. In this study, we measured the reflectance of a 412-mm-diameter EUV collector mirror using a maximum incident angle of 36°. We obtained the peak reflectance, center wavelength and reflection bandwidth results and compared our results with Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt results.
Greatest changes in objective sleep architecture during COVID-19 lockdown in night owls with increased REM sleep (2021)

This unique dataset should help us understand the effects of lockdown on sleep architecture and on our health.
Towards efficient concrete structures with ultra-thin 3D printed formwork: exploring reinforcement strategies and optimisation (2022)

The Eggshell fabrication process combines the 3D printing of formwork with the simultaneous casting of a fast-hardening concrete. One limiting factor to reaching mass-market adoption is a suitable reinforcing strategy. In this study, a reinforcement strategy combining steel reinforcing bars with steel fibres is explored. A series of eight beams were produced using the Eggshell process or conventionally cast. The longitudinal reinforcement was provided by two reinforcing bars, and two types of fibres, either mixed with the concrete or placed and aligned between the cast concrete layers, were used as shear reinforcement. The results showed that combining conventional longitudinal reinforcement and fibres as shear reinforcement is a suitable strategy. These findings were applied to fabricate an optimised beam with a volume reduction of almost 50%. The structural performance of this beam was similar to the beam with a rectangular cross-section with the same reinforcement strategy showing the potential of Eggshell in combination with an innovative reinforcement strategy to produce material-efficient structural concrete elements.
Dispersed network manufacturing: adapting SMEs to compete on the global scale (2006)

Purpose To develop a conceptual framework for a new form of production system unique from many perspectives. The proposed system is based on the creation of a network of plants that are electronically linked so that the participating members focus on their specialized tasks yet also share their manufacturing and production resources to create a loosely structured and flexible enterprise. Design/methodology/approach To introduce dispersed network manufacturing (DNM) as a new business model, and to discuss dispersed manufacturing network (DMN) as a possible realization of DNM. To link DMN to complex adaptive systems and to provide a prototype as to how SMEs can form a dynamic and adaptive network to create competitive advantages on both collaborative and individual scales. Findings The notion of DNM advocates a reciprocal bonding among network members but calls for no obligatory egalitarian responsibility to one another. This research shows the feasibility of a network of plants that are electronically linked so that the participating members, spread geographically, focus on their specialized tasks yet also share their manufacturing and production resources to create a loosely structured and flexible enterprise. Research limitations/implications In the DNM universe, because of the network's requirement to re‐form itself to the needs of each unique incoming project, SMEs have the ability to rapidly develop and enhance their internal production capabilities. Each new incoming project offers the chance to reaffirm those processes that are highly effective while discarding those that are deemed ill‐suited. The DNM world is still in its infancy and many interesting and challenging questions have yet to be investigated empirically or otherwise. Practical implications The new production system discussed in this paper argues for a completely different form of SME collaboration from those already discussed in the literature. Originality/value DNM and DMN are new concepts that are evolving into an innovative production paradigm. It is likely that many companies and many managers have some intuitive grasp of the DNM world and the opportunities provided by forming a DMN. Few, however, might understand them thoroughly. This research provides further knowledge on SMEs DNM.
Effect of SiO<sub>2</sub> Additive in Catalyst Layer and Electrolyte on the Performance for Mesothermal Fuel Cell Using Room Temperature Molten Salts (2013)

Solid acid additive such as SiO 2 to a room temperature molten salts (RTMs) applied membrane, which is a mesothermal fuel cell electrolyte without humidification, improves ionic conductivity and compression strength. However, the effect of SiO 2 additive on the performance of the PEFCs is not yet clarified. In this study, we determined effect of SiO 2 additive for membrane and catalyst layer on the performance of the PEFCs using diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([dema][TfO])/sulfonated polyimide (SPI) electrolytes to evaluate RTMS/SPI/solid acid system for PEFCs. The addition of SiO 2 in the membrane and anode catalyst layer improved cell activity of catalyst layer, ionic conductivity and stabilize the cell performance against gas flow rate increase.These effects would be affected by the behavior of produced water.
Use of Single-Point Genome Signature Tags as a Universal Tagging Method for Microbial Genome Surveys (2006)

We developed single-point genome signature tags (SP-GSTs), a generally applicable, high-throughput sequencing-based method that targets specific genes to generate identifier tags from well-defined points in a genome. The technique yields identifier tags that can distinguish between closely related bacterial strains and allow for the identification of microbial community members. SP-GSTs are determined by three parameters: (i) the primer designed to recognize a conserved gene sequence, (ii) the anchoring enzyme recognition sequence, and (iii) the type IIS restriction enzyme which defines the tag length. We evaluated the SP-GST method in silico for bacterial identification using the genes rpoC, uvrB, and recA and the 16S rRNA gene. The best distinguishing tags were obtained with the restriction enzyme Csp6I upstream of the 16S rRNA gene, which discriminated all organisms in our data set to at least the genus level and most organisms to the species level. The method was successfully used to generate Csp6I-based tags upstream of the 16S rRNA gene and allowed us to discriminate between closely related strains of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis. This concept was further used successfully to identify the individual members of a defined microbial community.
Treatment of Atrial Arrythmias After Cardiac Surgery With Intravenous Disopyramide (1980)

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intravenous disopyramide in patients with persistent atrial tachyarrhythmias after open‐heart surgery. Thirty patients whose arrhythmia persisted more than four hours after an initial bolus of intravenous digoxin 0–75 mg were randomly assigned to two groups (15 in each group). One group was given a further 12 hr of intravenous digoxin therapy, and the second was given 12 hr of intravenous disopyramide as a loading dose (2 mg/kg) followed by a constant infusion. Patients who had not reverted 12 hr after randomisation were “crossed‐over” to the alternate therapy for 12 hr. Of the 25 patients eventually given disopyramide for a 12‐hr period, 17 returned to sinus rhythm during that period (68%) and 13 of these reversions occurred within the first hour. These results were significantly better (P &lt; 0–01) than for the 21 patients given 12 hr of digoxin therapy of whom only five reverted (none within one hour). It is concluded that intravenous disopyramide administered after a loading dose of digoxin is an effective therapy for postoperative atrial arrhythmias.
OBTAINING HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF UNCONSOLIDATED POROUS MATERIAL (2004)

In order to gain a precise knowledge of hydraulic properties characterising unconsolidated regolith material an accurate description of the physical characteristics at the pore-scale is necessary (Solymar &amp;amp; Fabricius 1999, Lin &amp;amp; Miller 2004). Unfortunately this is generally unavailable (Sahimi 1993, Ruan &amp;amp; Illangasekare 1999, Pan et al. 2004). At the pore-scale the influence the matrix imposes on contaminant migration, gas
Conversational Structure Aware and Context Sensitive Topic Model for Online Discussions (2020)

Millions of online discussions are generated everyday on social media platforms. Topic modelling is an efficient way of better understanding large text datasets at scale. Conventional topic models have had limited success in online discussions, and to overcome their limitations, we use the discussion thread tree structure and propose a "popularity" metric to quantify the number of replies to a comment to extend the frequency of word occurrences, and the "transitivity" concept to characterize topic dependency among nodes in a nested discussion thread. We build a Conversational Structure Aware Topic Model (CSATM) based on popularity and transitivity to infer topics and their assignments to comments. Experiments on real forum datasets are used to demonstrate improved performance for topic extraction with six different measurements of coherence and impressive accuracy for topic assignments.
Doped Graphene as a Material for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Hydrogen Fuel Cells: A Computational Study (2012)

Because of its high specific surface area and unique electronic properties, graphene with substitutional impurity metal atoms and clusters attached to defects in the graphene sheet is attractive for use in hydrogen fuel cells for oxygen reduction at the cathode. In an attempt to find a cheap yet efficient catalyst for the reaction, we use density-functional theory calculations to study the structure and properties of transition-metal-vacancy complexes in graphene. We calculate formation energies of the complexes, which are directly related to their stability, along with oxygen and water adsorption energies. In addition to metals, we also consider nonmetal impurities like B, P, and Si, which form strong bonds with under-coordinated carbon atoms at defects in graphene. Our results indicate that single Ni, Pd, Pt, Sn, and P atoms embedded into divacancies in graphene are promising candidates for the use in fuel cell cathodes for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We further discuss how ion irradiation of graphene combined with metal sputtering and codeposition can be used to make an efficient and relatively inexpensive graphene-based material for hydrogen fuel cells.
Shortest paths in directed planar graphs with negative lengths (2010)

We give an O ( n log 2 n )-time, linear-space algorithm that, given a directed planar graph with positive and negative arc-lengths, and given a node s , finds the distances from s to all nodes.
Kinetic and Equilibria Studies of the Aquation of the Trinuclear Platinum Phase II Anticancer Agent [{<i>trans</i>-PtCl(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>{μ-<i>trans</i>-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(NH<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}]<sup>4+</sup> (BBR3464) (2002)

The hydrolysis profile of the bifunctional trinuclear phase II clinical agent [(trans-PtCl(NH(3))(2))(2)(mu-trans-Pt(NH(3))(2)(NH(2)(CH(2))(6)NH(2))(2))](4+) (BBR3464, 1) has been examined using [(1)H,(15)N] heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) 2D NMR spectroscopy. Reported are estimates of the rate and equilibrium constants for the first and second aquation steps, together with the acid dissociation constant (pK(a1) approximately equal to pK(a2) approximately equal to pK(a3)). The equilibrium constants for the aquation determined by NMR at 298 and 310 K (I = 0.1 M, pH 5.3) are similar, pK(1) = pK(2) = 3.35 +/- 0.04 and 3.42 +/- 0.04, respectively. At lower ionic strength (I = 0.015 M, pH 5.3) the values at 288, 293, and 298 K are pK(1) = pK(2) = 3.63 +/- 0.05. This indicates that the equilibrium is not strongly ionic strength or temperature dependent. The aquation and anation rate constants for the two-step aquation model at 298 K in 0.1 M NaClO(4) (pH 5.3) are k(1) = (7.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(-5) s(-1), k(-1) = 0.158 +/- 0.013 M(-1) s(-1), k(2) = (7.1 +/- 1.5) x 10(-5) s(-1), and k(-2) = 0.16 +/- 0.05 M(-1) s(-1). The rate constants in both directions increase 2-fold with an increase in temperature of 5 K, and rate constants increase with a decrease in solution ionic strength. A pK(a) value of 5.62 plus minus 0.04 was determined for the diaqua species [(trans-Pt(NH(3))(2)(OH(2)))(2)(mu-trans-Pt(NH(3))(2)(NH(2)(CH(2))(6)-NH(2))(2))](6+) (3). The speciation profile of 1 under physiological conditions is explored and suggests that the dichloro form predominates. The aquation of 1 in 15 mM phosphate was also examined. No slowing of the initial aquation was observed, but reversible reaction between aquated species and phosphate does occur.
Socio-economic status and health needs of veterans and military invalids in Belgrade (2013)

Objective: Process the collected data on health and social needs of the Liberation War Veterans and disabled veterans, in the period 2008 - 2011. year, in 17 municipalities of Belgrade, to analyze the obtained data and suggest appropriate measures. Method: The organized collection, processing and interpretation of data provided for projects by members of the Office of Veterans protect the City Board of SUBNOR and Commission for the Protection of War Veterans of the Republic Board of SUBNOR, and financially supported by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and the Office for selection of projects of non-governmental social organizations in the City Administration - Secretariat for Social Welfare of the City of Belgrade. Results: 4523 NOR participants were surveyed, including 399 disabled veterans, of which 3316 men and 1207 women. The largest number of respondents (70.0%) belongs to the oldest age group - 85 and over. Of 3559 respondents, over two thirds (41.5%) own health was assessed as satisfactory, slightly more (44.1%) as bad and 14.5% as very poor. From the responses received, it was concluded that they have an average two to three diseases. Of particular importance is information about 226 fixed, and 1284 (42.9%) limited mobile soldiers. When asked about moving out of 3466positive responses, 2139 (61.8%) without restriction, while the 1327 (38.2%) limited mobility. Limited facilities for personal hygiene were found in one third of respondents. According to the data from the 3718, one-quarter of respondents (24.9%) lived alone, 37.3% in households with two members and 37.9% in households with three or more members. The financial situation of the surveyed soldiers, according to their statements, it was assessed as good in 47.4% of cases, tolerable (41.3) and as poor in 425 (11.3%). One in four respondents said the need for home help services, and 16.6% of respondents want that placement in the home. Conclusion: To initiate and implement permanent measures and activities appropriate to the found facts and the current needs of veterans, with the aim of removing obstacles and improving the care of the surviving veterans and their families.
Transmisión de Anaplasma marginale por garrapatas (2012)

"Anaplasma marginale, patógeno de distribución mundial, es transmitido por garrapatas Ixódidas. Comprender su complejo desarrollo dentro de la garrapata vector, permitirá la predicción de brotes y ofrecerá oportunidades para controlar su transmisión. En este trabajo se revisa su ciclo básico de desarrollo junto con los estudios recientes acerca de las diferencias de transmisión entre cepas, que delinean aspectos de la interacción patógeno - vector. Bacterias, virus o protozoarios transmitidos por artrópodos causan enfermedades severas, tanto en humanos como en animales. Las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por garrapatas, entre las que incluimos a la Anaplasmosis (A. marginale), babesiosis (Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B. divergens) y Theileriosis (Theileria annulata, T. parva), se encuentran entre las más importantes en el ámbito mundial, con pérdidas cercanas a los siete mil millones de dólares anualmente; y, a pesar de su impacto, permanecen escasamente bajo control, basado primordialmente en la aplicación de acaricidas, para interrumpir su transmisión. La aparición de garrapatas resistentes a múltiples sustancias acaricidas, representa una amenaza en este tipo de control y, como resultado, hay un resurgimiento de la investigación para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para su control. Nuevas opciones para prevenir la transmisión de patógenos de animales por garrapatas, será el resultado de entender las interacciones garrapata patógeno; proceso que culmina con el desarrollo de la infección y transmisión exitosa. En todos los casos de patógenos transmitidos por garrapatas, el desarrollo de la infección se realiza coordinamente a los momentos de adhesión y alimentación del vector sobre el animal. Esto sucede por la interdependencia en la señalización entre el patógeno y el vector al alimentarse y, por ello, será susceptible de intervención."
A Modular Stacked Transformer Structure for LLC Resonant Converters and Analysis of Current Sharing Behavior in Parallel PCB Windings (2019)

This paper proposes a modular stacked transformer structure for high-efficiency and high-power LLC resonant converters. Besides the benefits of shrunken footprint and shorten secondary current travelling path that were introduced by the vertically stacked structure, the specific feature of modularity design makes the transformer be simply applied to higher power ratings with high efficiency, high power density and easy fabrication. The design modularity for high power rating extension is demonstrated on a 380 V/12 V 2.4 kW LLC transformer with 4-stack winding PCBs and one core set. Current sharing behavior among all paralleled secondary windings of the proposed stacked structure and its modular design is discussed in terms of the magnetomotive force distribution. The effect of current sharing on winding losses is analyzed and verified using finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. Experimental results show that the LLC converter with the proposed 2.4 kW modular stacked transformer can achieve a peak efficiency of 98.05%.
Inertia-Constrained Reinforcement Learning to Enhance Human Motor Control Modeling (2023)

Locomotor impairment is a highly prevalent and significant source of disability and significantly impacts the quality of life of a large portion of the population. Despite decades of research on human locomotion, challenges remain in simulating human movement to study the features of musculoskeletal drivers and clinical conditions. Most recent efforts to utilize reinforcement learning (RL) techniques are promising in the simulation of human locomotion and reveal musculoskeletal drives. However, these simulations often fail to mimic natural human locomotion because most reinforcement strategies have yet to consider any reference data regarding human movement. To address these challenges, in this study, we designed a reward function based on the trajectory optimization rewards (TOR) and bio-inspired rewards, which includes the rewards obtained from reference motion data captured by a single Inertial Moment Unit (IMU) sensor. The sensor was equipped on the participants' pelvis to capture reference motion data. We also adapted the reward function by leveraging previous research on walking simulations for TOR. The experimental results showed that the simulated agents with the modified reward function performed better in mimicking the collected IMU data from participants, which means that the simulated human locomotion was more realistic. As a bio-inspired defined cost, IMU data enhanced the agent's capacity to converge during the training process. As a result, the models' convergence was faster than those developed without reference motion data. Consequently, human locomotion can be simulated more quickly and in a broader range of environments, with a better simulation performance.
Permittivity increase of yttrium-doped HfO2 through structural phase transformation (2005)

An approach to control the dielectric properties of hafnium-based oxide films with an intentional structural phase transformation was proposed and demonstrated. Yttrium serves effectively as a dopant to induce a phase transformation from the monoclinic to the cubic phase even at 600°C. The yttrium-doped HfO2 films show higher permittivity than undoped HfO2, and the permittivity as high as 27 is obtained by 4at.% yttrium doping. The permittivity enhancement by yttrium doping can be explained by the shrinkage of molar volume due to the structural phase transformation. The advantage of yttrium doping is more pronounced at higher temperatures, since the permittivity of undoped HfO2 is reduced significantly, whereas that of 17at.% yttrium-doped film shows no change even at 1000°C.
AIDS and COVID-19 are two diseases separated by a common lymphocytopenia (2020)

Abstract HIV and SARS-CoV-2 are responsible for two of the most dangerous and life-threatening infectious diseases of our times. To better analyze the difference in the immunological response elicited by the two infections, we compare the alterations in the lymphocyte subpopulations, measured by flow cytometry analysis (FCA) in both AIDS and COVID-19 patients, referred to our University Hospital. A total of 184 HIV infected patients were retrospectively examined and the results of FCA collected and compared to those obtained in 110 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, examined during the actual outbreak. We observe a comparable reduction in B cells in both diseases and a more severe reduction in the total amount of T cells in COVID-19 as compared to AIDS patients. The analysis of the T cells subpopulations indicates that there is a comparable reduction in the CD4+ cells count. Conversely, a remarkable difference between them is observed in the CD8+ counts. In AIDS patients the CD8+ cells are slightly higher than normal, while in COVID-19 patients the CD8+ cell count is markedly reduced. As a result, the CD4+/CD8+ ratios, is very low in AIDS and higher than normal in COVID-19 patients. The NK cells are reduced in both diseases, but SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a more severe reduction compared to HIV infection. In conclusion, both HIV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses induce major changes in the lymphocytes count, with remarkable similarities and differences between them. The total absolute numbers of T cells and, in particular of the CD8+ subpopulation, are lower in COVID-19 patients compared to AIDS ones, while the CD4+ are reduced in both at similar levels. These results indicate that the host immune system reacts differently to the two infection, but they are responsible of a comparable dropping effect on the serum levels of CD4+ T cell population. The meaning of the similarities and of the differences in terms of T cells activation and serum depletion are discussed. The knowledge on how the immune system reacts to these two infections will be useful to better define their mechanism of action and to design specific preventive and therapeutic approaches.