gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking control of a pneumatic muscle actuator using one servovalve (2010)

In this article, a model-based tracking control of a pneumatic muscle actuator using only one 5/3 proportional directional valve is investigated. Pneumatic muscles are difficult to control due to their highly nonlinear system dynamics and hysteresis effects, but they offer advantages such as high power/weight ratio, low costs, easy maintenance and flexibility. The actuator consists of two muscles moving a mass horizontally fixed on a linear guide rail. The challenge is to control those two muscles with only one 5/3 proportional directional control valve. Based on the idea of a cascaded control structure a nonlinear model-based control algorithm is computed. The inner loop control is implemented as a force controller added by a force disturbance observer to estimate unmodeled muscles forces. A position control in the outer loop is added and implemented as a linear tracking controller. The implemented control structure shows good follow-up error and stationary precision in measurements. The shown control approach contributes to an improved path control performance of pneumatic muscle actuators.
A Study on Accidents of Buried Pipeline Crossing River (2010)

Records of accidents for buried pipeline across the river were gathered and causes were analysed. The results are intended to be utilized as basic data for determining a reasonable criteria for the depth of buried city gas pipeline crossing the river. Accident of river-crossing buried pipeline was mainly caused by flood. Sometimes corrosion was detected at the failed location of the pipe. In order to determine reasonable and efficient depth of burial of the pipeline, hydraulic evaluation of the river and structural analysis of the pipeline are necessary. Published data for the buried natural gas pipeline incidents were also investigated and summarized. Main causes of buried natural gas pipeline incidents were external interference and corrosion. However, the two main causes of incidents showed significant difference in the proportion of the entire incident, depending on burial environment.
Requirements on Communication Technologies for Flexibility Aggregation Management (2022)

In this contribution, we aim to provide a concise summary of insights on communication technologies for flexibility aggregation management we gained as part of broader research project aimed at development of analytical, computational and optimization tools for systemic solution of the safe use of aggregated power flexibility associated with the integration of new technologies and market players in the Czech environment.
A computational model of auditory segregation of two frequency components—evaluation and integration of multiple cues (1994)

Abstract As part of the basic research on perceptual sound source separation, a quantitative model is presented which gives a probability of auditory segregation of two frequency components. The model consists of independent evaluation of multiple spectral features and integration of those derived values. First, psychoacoustic experiments which measure the probability of auditory segregation of two frequency components are described and evaluation functions of spectral features to approximate those experimental results are introduced. Then a method for integrating the spectral features is discussed and correlations between the model output and the results of the psychoacoustic experiments are measured.
PheMaDB: A solution for storage, retrieval, and analysis of high throughput phenotype data (2011)

PheMaDB is an open source system standardized for OmniLog™ PM data. PheMaDB could facilitate the banking and sharing of phenotype data. The source code is available for download at http://phemadb.sourceforge.net.
A 90 percent efficient 5kW inductive charger for EVs (2012)

This paper presents the design of a 5kW inductive charging system for electric vehicles (EVs). Over 90% efficiency is maintained from grid to battery across a wide range of coupling conditions at full load. Experimental measurements show that the magnetic field strength meets the stringent International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines for human safety. In addition, a new dual side control scheme is proposed to optimize system level efficiency. Experimental validation showed that a 7% efficiency increase and 25% loss reduction under light load conditions is achievable. The authors believe this paper is the first to show such high measured efficiencies for a level 2 inductive charging system. Performance of this order would indicate that inductive charging systems are reasonably energy efficient when compared to the efficiency of plug-in charging systems.
Differential Binding of Testosterone and Estradiol to Isoforms of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin: Selective Alteration of Estradiol Binding in Cirrhosis* (1988)

The MCR of testosterone is decreased but the MCR of estradiol is unchanged in men with cirrhosis and elevated serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. Previous studies indicated that SHBG from cirrhotic men selectively delivers estradiol, but not testosterone, to peripheral tissues of rats in vivo. These results suggest that estradiol and testosterone may bind to different SHBG isoforms in serum and that the estradiol-binding isoforms may be selectively altered in cirrhosis. This hypothesis was tested by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and fast protein liquid chromatography chromatofocusing. After Concanavalin-A affinity purification of serum glycoproteins from pregnant women, normal men, normal women, and cirrhotic men, the glycoprotein fraction was reconstituted, labeled with [3H]testosterone or [3H]estradiol, and applied to isoelectric focusing gels. Testosterone was bound selectively by the most acidic isoforms of SHBG, pI 4.5-5.4, and there was a significant anodal shift of the estradiol-binding isoforms in serum from cirrhotic men compared to that in serum from normal men. The selective binding of testosterone to the most acidic isoforms of SHBG was confirmed by fast protein liquid chromatography chromatofocusing, wherein the binding reactions were measured at neutral pH after separation of the isoforms. These biochemical studies and previous physiological experiments question the conventional view that testosterone and estradiol bind to a single competitive binding site on SHBG. Rather, testosterone is selectively bound by the most acidic SHBG isoforms. The estradiol-binding isoforms undergo a significant anodal shift in cirrhosis; this abnormality may result in the lack of decrease in estradiol MCR in cirrhosis.
[Establishment of PK-PD model in anti-inflammatory active components in Inula cappa extract based on lipopolysaccharide-induced in vitro inflammation model]. (2022)

In the present study, a pharmacokinetics(PK)-pharmacodynamics(PD) model in the anti-inflammatory active components in Inula cappa extract was established based on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced in vitro inflammation model in order to clarify the relationship between the dynamic changes of anti-inflammatory active components in inflammatory cells and their efficacy. Firstly, the inflammation model in vitro was induced by 1 μg·mL~(-1) LPS in RAW264.7 cells for 24 h. After treatment with 400 μg·mL~(-1) I. cappa extract, the pharmacokinetics(PK) of five anti-inflammatory active components, including luteolin(LUT), chlorogenic acid(CA), cryptochlorogenic acid(CCA), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid(3,4-DCQA), and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid(4,5-DCQA), in normal cells and inflammatory cells was compared. Meanwhile, the PD study was carried out by measuring the inflammatory factors NO and TNF-α in the cell supernatant at each time point, which was fitted with PK by the Phoenix Model in the WinNonlin 8.2 to establish the PK-PD model for five components including LUT, CA, CCA, 3,4-DCQA, and 4,5-DCQA. The results showed that compared with normal cells, the model cells showed increased or decreased uptake of five components, advanced T_(max), faster absorption, prolonged MRT and t_(1/2), and increasing or decreasing trend of CL_(z/F) and V_(z/F). When NO was used as the efficacy index, the PK-PD model after the integration of the multi-effect components in I. cappa was E=7.45×\[1-Ce~(5.74)/(78.24~(5.74)+Ce~(5.74))\], while with TNF-α as the efficacy index, the PK-PD model after the integration of the multi-effect components in I. cappa was E=79.28×[1-Ce~(6.45)/(85.10~(6.45)+Ce~(6.45))]. The results of the study suggested that the inflammatory state could change the cellular PK of I. cappa. The anti-inflammatory effect of active components in I. cappa might be related to the down-regulation of the secretion of NO and TNF-α in inflammatory cells, and NO and TNF-α might serve as the anti-inflammatory targets of active components of I. cappa.
Determination of vertical ozone distributions by spacecraft measurements using a limb-scan technique (1982)

A method for inference of vertical ozone profiles from measurements of the limb radiance resulting from scattered solar ultraviolet radiation is described in terms of a new inversion technique using multiple wavelengths. The inversion equation for this method is based on weighting functions which correspond to the sensitivity of the limb radiance to the relative increment of ozone density at each altitude, and the equation is solved by an iteration technique. In principle, the ozone vertical profile can be recovered from the inversion of a limb scan at a single wavelength. In practice, however, much more information of a higher accuracy over a wider height range can be obtained if one uses multiple wavelengths. Computer simulations were done for 280, 300, 320, and 340 nm. These results indicate the feasibility of determining ozone profiles on a global basis from satellite platforms over the altitude range of ~20-70 km with a vertical resolution of 1-2 km. The inferred profile error is about three to four times larger than measurement error in the 20-70-km altitude region. If one uses the wavelengths down to 260 nm, the accuracy of ozone profile of the highest altitude region may be improved. Ozone densities can be inferred above 70 km from the observations, although the errors are significantly larger.
Antisense RNA Strategies for Metabolic Engineering of <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> (1999)

We examined the effectiveness of antisense RNA (as RNA) strategies for metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Strain ATCC 824(pRD4) was developed to produce a 102-nucleotide asRNA with 87% complementarity to the butyrate kinase (BK) gene. Strain ATCC 824(pRD4) exhibited 85 to 90% lower BK and acetate kinase specific activities than the control strain. Strain ATCC 824(pRD4) also exhibited 45 to 50% lower phosphotransbutyrylase (PTB) and phosphotransacetylase specific activities than the control strain. This strain exhibited earlier induction of solventogenesis, which resulted in 50 and 35% higher final concentrations of acetone and butanol, respectively, than the concentrations in the control. Strain ATCC 824(pRD1) was developed to putatively produce a 698-nucleotide asRNA with 96% complementarity to the PTB gene. Strain ATCC 824(pRD1) exhibited 70 and 80% lower PTB and BK activities, respectively, than the control exhibited. It also exhibited 300% higher levels of a lactate dehydrogenase activity than the control exhibited. The growth yields of ATCC 824(pRD1) were 28% less than the growth yields of the control. While the levels of acids were not affected in ATCC 824(pRD1) fermentations, the acetone and butanol concentrations were 96 and 75% lower, respectively, than the concentrations in the control fermentations. The lower level of solvent production by ATCC 824(pRD1) was compensated for by approximately 100-fold higher levels of lactate production. The lack of any significant impact on butyrate formation fluxes by the lower PTB and BK levels suggests that butyrate formation fluxes are not controlled by the levels of the butyrate formation enzymes.
PhenomeCentral: A Portal for Phenotypic and Genotypic Matchmaking of Patients with Rare Genetic Diseases (2015)

The discovery of disease-causing mutations typically requires confirmation of the variant or gene in multiple unrelated individuals, and a large number of rare genetic diseases remain unsolved due to difficulty identifying second families. To enable the secure sharing of case records by clinicians and rare disease scientists, we have developed the PhenomeCentral portal (https://phenomecentral.org). Each record includes a phenotypic description and relevant genetic information (exome or candidate genes). PhenomeCentral identifies similar patients in the database based on semantic similarity between clinical features, automatically prioritized genes from whole-exome data, and candidate genes entered by the users, enabling both hypothesis-free and hypothesis-driven matchmaking. Users can then contact other submitters to follow up on promising matches. PhenomeCentral incorporates data for over 1,000 patients with rare genetic diseases, contributed by the FORGE and Care4Rare Canada projects, the US NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, the EU Neuromics and ANDDIrare projects, as well as numerous independent clinicians and scientists. Though the majority of these records have associated exome data, most lack a molecular diagnosis. PhenomeCentral has already been used to identify causative mutations for several patients, and its ability to find matching patients and diagnose these diseases will grow with each additional patient that is entered.
Monodisperse fragmentation in emulsions: Mechanisms and kinetics (2003)

How can a crude polydisperse emulsion be transformed into a monodisperse one? Mason and Bibette (Phys. Rev. Lett., 77 (1996) 3481) have experimentally discovered this phenomenon by applying a shear step on a crude emulsion. In this paper, we examine how this transformation occurs. Our strategy is to prepare calibrated emulsions and to examine the fragmentation kinetics as a function of the initial droplet size. We show that the fragmentation process involves two distinct regimes. At short time (shorter than one second), the droplet diameter decreases abruptly. The droplets deform into long threads that undergo a Rayleigh instability. The obtained diameter is mainly determined by the applied stress and weakly depends on the viscosity ratio between the dispersed and continuous phases. After this first step, the resulting droplets can, once again, break up into daughter droplets. This second mechanism is much slower with a characteristic time of several hundred seconds. Depending on the initial size, the first step can vanish and only the second slow step subsists.
G-quadruplexes are specifically recognized and distinguished by selected designed ankyrin repeat proteins (2014)

We introduce designed ankyrin repeat binding proteins (DARPins) as a novel class of highly specific and structure-selective DNA-binding proteins, which can be functionally expressed within all cells. Human telomere quadruplex was used as target to select specific binders with ribosome display. The selected DARPins discriminate the human telomere quadruplex against the telomeric duplex and other quadruplexes. Affinities of the selected binders range from 3 to 100 nM. CD studies confirm that the quadruplex fold is maintained upon binding. The DARPins show different specificity profiles: some discriminate human telomere quadruplexes from other quadruplex-forming sequences like ILPR, c-MYC and c-KIT, while others recognize two of the sequences tested or even all quadruplexes. None of them recognizes dsDNA. Quadruplex-binding DARPins constitute valuable tools for specific detection at very small scales and for the in vivo investigation of quadruplex DNA.
&lt;title&gt;Diffraction Limit In Coronagraphs&lt;/title&gt; (1979)

The unwanted sunlight that enters a coronagraph through the diffraction process is the li iting factor for viewing the solar corona. The techniques initiated by B. Lyotl and expanded by Newkirk and Bohlin2 for coronagraphs with an external occulating assembly are presented. Scientific requirements for even better stray light suppression in the inner corona, and for observation of a broader spectrum now call for more sophisticated optical designs. The approaches for these improved characteristics, the problems they present and the methods to overcome these problems in the coronagraph for the International Solar Polar Mission (ISPM) are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 1,8‐Bridged Tricyclic Quinolones by a Novel Intramolecular Arylation of N‐1 Tethered Malonamides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Machine Reading through Textual and Knowledge Entailment. (2007)

While information extraction and textual entailment systems have greatly enhanced the amount of knowledge available from a text corpus, the next generation of natural language understanding systems – such as Machine Reading systems – will need to employ dedicated mechanisms to ensure that acquired knowledge is consistent with the previous commitments encoded in the system’s knowledge base. This paper introduces a new technique for knowledge acquisition for Machine Reading systems, known as Reading by Entailment (RbE), which uses two complementary systems for recognizing entailment relationships in order to identify the set of hypotheses that can be inferred from a text corpus. Entailment hypotheses are generated by a random walk model that operates on texts and informs a plausible model of knowledge entailment. Knowledge entailment is cast as a maximal knowledge relevance problem which operates on knowledge mappings.
A Robust Approach for Clock Offset Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

The maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) for the clock phase offset assuming a two-way message exchange mechanism between the nodes of a wireless sensor network were recently derived assuming Gaussian and exponential network delays. However, the MLE performs poorly in the presence of non-Gaussian or nonexponential network delay distributions. Currently, there is a need to develop clock synchronization algorithms that are robust to the distribution of network delays. This paper proposes a clock offset estimator based on the composite particle filter (CPF) to cope with the possible asymmetries and non-Gaussianity of the network delay distributions. Also, a variant of the CPF approach based on the bootstrap sampling (BS) is shown to exhibit good performance in the presence of reduced number of observations. Computer simulations illustrate that the basic CPF and its BS-based variant present superior performance than MLE under general random network delay distributions such as asymmetric Gaussian, exponential, Gamma, Weibull as well as various mixtures.
Simulation of the visual cortex with laterally connected spiking neural networks (2004)

In this paper we present the spiking neural networks (RF-LCSNN) with laterally connected neurons to simulate the visual cortex. The synapses in our model are leaky integrators that sum incoming activation over time with exponential decay. The networks of such neurons can segment multiple objects in a scene by synchronizing neuronal group activity. The architecture and organization of the neural networks have been explained in some detail. Several simulation experiments have been done to show the capability of RF-LCSNN: self-organization and object segmentation of the visual input.
Abstract 15540: p63RhoGEF is a Key Signaling Mediator in Vascular Smooth Muscle Ca2+ Sensitization Initiated by Activation of G alpha(q/11) (2011)

In normal and diseased vascular smooth muscle, the RhoA pathway activated by multiple agonists through G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle co...
Critical Path based Performance Models for Distributed Queries (2012)

Programming models such as MapReduce and DryadLINQ provide programmers with declarative abstractions (such as SQL like query languages) for writing data intensive computations. The models also provide runtime systems that can execute these queries on a large cluster of machines, while dealing with the vagaries of distribution such as messaging, failures and synchronization. However, this level of abstraction comes at a cost – the inability to understand, predict and debug performance. In this paper, we propose a performance modelling approach for predicting the execution time of distributed queries. Our modeling approach is based on a combination of the critical path method, empirically generated black box models and cardinality estimation techniques from databases. We evaluate the models using several real world applications and find that models can accurately predict execution time to within 10% of actual execution time. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model in identifying performance bottlenecks, both during design and while debugging performance problems.
Exploiting chemical ecology and species diversity: stem borer and striga control for maize and sorghum in Africa (2000)

Stem borers, comprising the larvae of a group of lepidopterous insects, and parasitic witchweeds, particularly Striga hermonthica and S asiatica, cause major yield losses in subsistence cereal production throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Studies are described that have led to the development of a ‘push-pull’ strategy for minimising stem borer damage to maize and sorghum. This involved the selection of plant species that could be employed as trap crops to attract colonisation away from the cereal plants, or as intercrops to repel the pests. The two most successful trap crop plants were Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, and Sudan grass, Sorghum sudanensis. The intercrop giving maximum repellent effect was molasses grass, Melinis minutiflora, but two legume species, silverleaf, Desmodium uncinatum, and greenleaf, D intortum, gave good results and had the added advantage of suppressing development of S hermonthica. In terms of stem borer control, the plant chemistry responsible involves release of attractant semiochemicals from the trap plants and repellent semiochemicals from the intercrops. With M minutiflora, parasitism of stem borers was also increased by certain chemicals repellent to ovipositing adults. The mechanism of striga control has not been fully elucidated, but allelopathic effects from the Desmodium species have been shown to involve stimulation of germination and interference with haustorial development. Significant beneficial effects have been obtained with the individual components of these push-pull strategies. However, the most robust crop-protection package is obtained when these components are combined. The trap crop and intercrop plants also provide valuable forage for cattle, often reared in association with subsistence cereal production. There has been considerable take-up of the system within the communities where farmer-managed trials have been carried out, particularly in the Trans Nzoia and Suba districts of Kenya, and the programme is set to expand throughout and beyond Kenya. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
<i>trans</i>-2-(2-Naphthyl)-3-(phenylselenyl)tetrahydropyran (2002)

The crystal structure of the title compound, C21H20OSe, has established the absolute configuration and shows that the tetrahydrofuran ring adopts a chair conformation, with both the phenyl­selenyl and naphthyl substituents occupying equatorial positions.