gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A noise-shaping accelerometer interface circuit for two-chip implementation (2002)

A proposed third-order noise-shaping accelerometer interface circuit enhances the SNR, compared with the previously presented interface circuits. The solution for the two-chip implementation is described and a novel cross-coupled CDS integrator is proposed. This scheme functions even with the large parasitic capacitances between the sensor and the interface circuit. The op-amp noise is first-order shaped. Dithering circuit is also implemented on the chip, fabricated in AMI 1.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
Chemical Components in &lt;i&gt;Hedera rhombea&lt;/i&gt; Leaves and Their Cytotoxicity (2022)

Two novel triterpene glycosides (1 and 2), 17 known triterpene glycosides (3-19), two known flavonoid glycosides (20 and 21), and two known norsesquiterpene glucosides (22 and 23) were isolated from Hedera rhombea (Araliaceae) leaves. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and chromatographic analysis of the hydrolyzed products. The cytotoxicity of the isolated triterpene glycosides (1-19) against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells was evaluated. Compounds 9, 10, and 11 were cytotoxic to HL-60 cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 7.2, 21.9, and 32.8 µM, respectively. Other compounds isolated from the leaves were not cytotoxic at sample concentrations of 50 μM.
Abstract 3740: Paired ADCC reporter bioassays enable quantification and differentiation of antibody Fc-effector activities via V158 and F158 variant FcγRIIIa receptors (2014)

Abstract Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) contributes to clinical efficacy of a broad range of therapeutic antibodies. FcγRIIIa polymorphisms of individual cancer patients are correlated with clinical efficacy of several antibody drugs. An understanding of in vitro antibody activity via both Fc receptor variants is the key to ultimately understanding drug efficacy in vivo. Yet, with classic ADCC assays that rely on primary effector cells which are highly heterogeneous and variable, it remains challenging to quantitatively measure antibody ADCC activity and evaluate the impact of FcγRIIIa polymorphisms by in vitro ADCC assays. To address this problem, we developed a pair of reporter-based ADCC assays, where two engineered effector cell lines were generated in Jurkat T-cells which stably express a NFAT-RE driven luciferase reporter and either FcγRIIIa/V158 or FcγRIIIa/F158 polymorphism variant. The engineered Jurkat effector cells were further developed in frozen, thaw-and-use format to reduce handling time and minimize assay variability. We compared the V variant ADCC reporter assay with the classic ADCC assay using PBMCs from homozygous 158VV donors, by testing a panel of glyco-modified trastuzumab mixtures. The results demonstrate that the reporter-based ADCC assays using engineered Jurkat effector cells provide ADCC biological activity ranking equivalent to that obtained using classic PBMC-based ADCC assay. When tested side by side, both V variant and F variant ADCC reporter assays appropriately measure the biological activities in ADCC pathway activation of various human and mouse antibody isotypes of rituximab. The two ADCC reporter assays are also able to measure antibody potencies for multiple therapeutic antibodies, in various native target cell systems including suspension and adherent cell lines, and also genetically engineered cell lines such as a membrane-bound TNFα cell line. When tested in the same antibody/target cell system, the V variant ADCC assay showed higher antibody biological activity in ADCC reporter response than the F variant ADCC assay. This result appropriately reflects the reported impact of FcγRIIIa polymorphism on antibody binding and ADCC activity. In summary, the pair of V and F variant ADCC reporter assays provides a valuable approach to quantitatively measure the potency of therapeutic antibodies in ADCC and evaluate the impact of FcγRIIIa polymorphism in drug discovery and development for antibody therapeutics. Citation Format: Zhi-Jie Jey Cheng, Denise Garvin, Aileen Paguio, Rich Moravec, Frank Fan, Teresa Surowy. Paired ADCC reporter bioassays enable quantification and differentiation of antibody Fc-effector activities via V158 and F158 variant FcγRIIIa receptors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3740. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3740
Non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (1998)

A nonlinear stochastic Schr\"odinger equation for pure states describing non-Markovian diffusion of quantum trajectories and compatible with non-Markovian master equations is presented. This provides an unraveling of the evolution of any quantum system coupled to a finite or infinite number of harmonic oscillators without any approximation. Its power is illustrated by several examples, including measurementlike situations, dissipation, and quantum Brownian motion. Some examples treat this environment phenomenologically as an infinite reservoir with fluctuations of arbitrary correlation. In other examples the environment consists of a finite number of oscillators. In such a quasiperiodic case we see the reversible decay of a macroscopic quantum-superposition (``Schr\"odinger cat''). Finally, our description of open systems is compatible with different positions of the ``Heisenberg cut'' between system and environment.
Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2004)

Four months of CrM supplementation led to increases in FFM and handgrip strength in the dominant hand and a reduction in a marker of bone breakdown and was well tolerated in children with DD.
Extraction and verification of KO-OU expressions from large corpora (2003)

In the Japanese language, as a predicate is placed at the end of a sentence, the content of a sentence cannot be inferred until reaching the end. However, when the content is complicated and the sentence is long, people want to know at an earlier stage in the sentence whether the content is negative, affirmative, or interrogative. In Japanese, the grammatical form called the KO-OU relation exists. The KO-OU relation is a kind of concord. If a KO element appears, then an OU element appears in the latter part of a sentence. It is being pointed out that the KO-OU relation gives advance notice to the element that appears in the latter part of a sentence. In this paper, we present the method of extracting automatically the KO-OU expression data from large-scale electronic corpus and verify the usefulness of the KO-OU expression data.
Buried microfluidic channel for integrated patch-clamping assay (2006)

The authors present a microfluidic device towards an integrated patch-clamping assay. The device replaces conventional glass patch pipette with a buried microfluidic channel on silicon substrate. The microchannel fabrication involves reforming doped glass under heat and pressure, a process, in principle, analogous to the heat-pulling/polishing of glass patch pipettes. Unlike etching substrate, this process leaves a smooth glass surface for seal formation with cell membrane. The microchannel is evolved from a trapped void inside the trench during nonconformal deposition of the doped glass. The results of seal formation with mammalian cells captured at such microchannel opening are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic and Heteroatom Derivatives of Buckminsterfullerene C<sub>60</sub> (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mathematical Modeling of Electrochemical Flow Capacitors (2015)

Electrochemical flow capacitors (EFCs) for grid-scale energy storage are a new technology that is beginning to receive interest. Prediction of the expected performance of such systems is important as modeling can be a useful avenue in the search for design improvements. Models based off of circuit analogues exist to predict EFC performance, but these suffer from deficiencies (e.g. a multitude of fitting constants that are required and the ability to analyze only one spatial direction at a time). In this paper mathematical models based off of three-dimensional macroscopic balances (similar to models for porous electrodes) are reported. Unlike existing three-dimensional porous electrode-based approaches for modeling slurry electrodes, advection (i.e., transport associated with bulk fluid motion) of the overpotential is included in order to account for the surface charge at the interface between flowing particles and the electrolyte. Doing so leads to the presence of overpotential boundary layers that control the performance of EFCs. These models were used to predict the charging behavior of an EFC under both flowing and non-flowing conditions. Agreement with experimental data was good, including proper prediction of the steady-state current that is achieved during charging of a flowing EFC.
Advanced System in FPGA for 3D (X, Y, t) Imaging with Cross Delay-Lines (2019)

In many experiments involving detection of events, information is represented both by position and time of occurrence of the interaction. For the latter, the resolution is a primary demand that must remain compliant with global versatility and fast real-time computing of the system. At the basis of this kind of measurements are detectors providing at the same time X-Y position and the arrival time t of each detected event. Among these detectors, Cross Delay-Lines (CDL) detectors are one of the reference solutions and use the information of detection time also for determining the position of the event. The requests of precise time measurement and fast computing time-resolved experiments are nowadays fulfilled at best by the combination of Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) architectures with spatial computing environment of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. Although very promising results have been achieved, time resolution necessary to imaging applications is still a serious limiting factor. Starting from a previous system introduced in [5], in which a multi-channel TDC is combined with efficient readout logic to maximize the overall efficiency, we propose a re-design of this system both in the hardware and firmware parts. In particular, the TDC reduces the Integral Non-Linearity error (INL) from 80 ps over 50 ns of full scale-range to 4 ps over 0.5 ms, maintaining resolution up to 1 ps and single-shot precision of the channel lower than 12 ps r.m.s. This has greatly improved the overall performance of the detected image of the CDL detector, allowing a spatial X/Y precision up to 35/50 mm r.m.s. respectively without local aberrations due to the INL.
High-Sensitivity and Mechanically Compliant Flexible Ge Photodetectors with a Vertical p–i–n Configuration (2021)

We have demonstrated high-performance flexible germanium (Ge) vertical p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) based on a resonant cavity structure by a direct flip transfer of Ge nanomembranes on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. Finite-difference time-domain simulation proves that the vertical cavity structure composed of the bottom gold and top SU-8 layers as a reflector and an anti-reflection surface, respectively, could enhance the average absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region (i.e., 1520-1640 nm) from 0.06 to 0.20 by 233%. Strains introduced into Ge NMs by convex and concave fixtures are measured to be 0.37 and-0.32%, respectively. The fabricated PDs exhibit a low dark current density of 9.6 mA/cm2 at-1 V and a high forward-reverse current ratio of 105 under the flat condition. Responsivity at 1550 nm increases from 52.5 to 133.8 mA/W by tensile strain, while it slightly decreases to 32.6 mA/W under comparable compressive strain. Furthermore, the devices show no degradation in their optoelectronic responses after 200 bending cycles at convex fixtures with a radius of 30 mm. Overall, such flexible Ge PDs with the capabilities of both excellent optoelectronic performance and mechanical durability represent significant advances in the field of group IV NIR optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis of Substituted Uracil Derivatives from the Acetates of the Baylis-Hillman Adducts (2005)

a new synthetic method of 5-substituted uracil derivatives are still of particular interest interms of new drug development. Recently, Knochel and co-workers reported the synthesis of 5-benzyl substituted uracilderivatives from zincated thymine derivatives and aryliodide in the presence of palladium reagent.
Analyses of the In Vivo Trafficking of Stoichiometric Doses of an Anti-Complement Receptor 1/2 Monoclonal Antibody Infused Intravenously in Mice (2004)

Complement plays a critical role in the immune response by opsonizing immune complexes (IC) and thymus-independent type 2 Ags with C3 breakdown product C3dg, a CR2-specific ligand. We used a C3dg-opsonized IC model, anti-CR1/2 mAb 7G6, to investigate how such substrates are processed. We used RIA, whole body imaging, flow cytometry, and fluorescence immunohistochemistry to examine the disposition of 0.1- to 2-microg quantities of mAb 7G6 infused i.v. into BALB/c mice. The mAb is rapidly taken up by the spleen and binds preferentially to marginal zone (MZ) B cells; within 24 h, the MZ B cells relocate and transfer mAb 7G6 to follicular dendritic cells (FDC). Transfer occurs coincident with loss of the extracellular portion of MZ B cell CR2, suggesting that the process may be mediated by proteolysis of CR2. Intravenous infusion of an FDC-specific mAb does not induce comparable splenic localization or cellular reorganization, emphasizing the importance of MZ B cells in intrasplenic trafficking of bound substrates. We propose the following mechanism: binding of C3dg-opsonized IC to noncognate MZ B cells promotes migration of these cells to the white pulp, followed by CR2 proteolysis, which allows transfer of the opsonized IC to FDC, thus facilitating presentation of intact Ags to cognate B cells.
New Trends in the Design of Drugs Against Alzheimer's Disease (2004)

First described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia type, affecting approximately 20 million people worldwide. As the population is getting older, AD is a growing health problem. AD is currently treated by symptomatic drugs, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, based on the cholinergic hypothesis (1976). During the past decade, advances in neurobiology have conducted to the identification of new targets. Although some of these innovative approaches tend to delay onset of AD, others are still symptomatic. In this review, we present an overview of the several strategies and new classes of compounds against AD.
OR33-6 The Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonist, Fezolinetant, Is Effective in Treatment of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Dose-Ranging Study (2019)

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS; eg, hot flashes, night sweats) are caused by a loss of thermoregulatory control. The thermoregulatory center in the brain is innervated by kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons. The activity of KNDy neurons is stimulated by neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) activation and inhibited by estrogen negative-feedback. Declining estrogen levels at menopause disturb this balance, leading to VMS. Fezolinetant is an antagonist at NK3R that acts to moderate KNDy neuron function for the treatment of VMS (1). The aim of the current trial was to evaluate fezolinetant dose levels and treatment regimen in VMS. In this phase 2b, double-blind trial (NCT03192176), menopausal women age >40−65 y with moderate/severe VMS (≥50/wk) were randomized to one of the following: fezolinetant 15, 30, 60, or 90 mg BID or 30, 60, or 120 mg QD or placebo (PBO). Coprimary efficacy outcomes were frequency and severity of moderate/severe VMS at wk 4 and 12. Secondary efficacy outcomes included changes in moderate/severe VMS frequency and severity by study wk. Of 356 women randomized, 352 received ≥1 dose study drug (safety population; mean [SD] age: 54.6 [4.7] y; 73% white) and 287 (81%) completed the study: PBO: 37/44 (84%); fezolinetant: 250/312 (80%). The most common reasons for discontinuation were withdrawal of consent (6.7%) and AEs (5.9%). All fezolinetant dose groups demonstrated reductions in VMS frequency and severity at wk 4 and 12. Significant dose responses were observed in all coprimary efficacy endpoints. The differences from PBO in least squares (LS) mean changes from baseline in moderate/severe VMS frequency per day at wk 4 were −1.9, −3.0, −2.8, and −3.5 for 15, 30, 60, and 90 mg BID, respectively, and −2.3, −3.0, and −2.4 for 30, 60, and 120 mg QD, respectively, with a common SE of 0.8 (all P<.05). The differences from PBO in LS mean change from baseline in moderate/severe VMS frequency per day at wk 12 were −1.8, −2.1, −2.3, and −2.6 for 15, 30, 60, and 90 mg BID, respectively, and −2.1, −2.6, and −2.1 for 30, 60, and 120 mg QD, respectively, with a common SE of ~0.7 (all P<.05). Dose response was apparent in frequency and severity as early as at wk 1. The majority of TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. There were no deaths or serious treatment-related TEAEs. This study demonstrates that fezolinetant is a safe and effective nonhormonal treatment for rapid reduction of moderate/severe menopausal VMS. 1Fraser GL, et al. Clinical evaluation of the NK3 receptor antagonist fezolinetant (a.k.a. ESN364) for the treatment of menopausal hot flashes [abstract OR16-5]. Endocr Rev. 2017;38(3).
Quantitative chiral analysis of phthaloylglutamic acid and related analogs by a single ratio kinetic method using electrospray ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption techniques (2008)

A rapid method for quantitative chiral analysis of phthaloylglutamic acid and its dimethyl ester by Cook's kinetic method is demonstrated using electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption techniques. Transition-metal-bound complex ions containing the chiral phthaloylglutamic acid and its dimethyl ester are generated by ESI mass spectrometry and subjected to collision-induced dissociation. The ratio of the two competitive dissociation rates is related to the enantiomeric composition of the drug mixture. A seven-point calibration curve, derived from the kinetic method, allowed rapid quantitation of the enantiomeric excess of drug mixtures. In this paper, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) coupled with the linear ion trap (LIT) technique is evaluated for its applicability as a complementary technique to ESI for chiral discrimination and quantitation.
Modelisation et simulation de la dynamique d'une population d'agents (1996)

Hydrological precipitation and snowmelt events trigger large "pulse" releases of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) into drainage networks due to an increase in DOM concentration with discharge. Thus, low-frequency large events, which are predicted to increase with climate change, are responsible for a significant percentage of annual terrestrial DOM input to drainage networks. These same events are accompanied by marked and rapid increases in headwater stream velocity; thus they also "shunt" a large proportion of the pulsed DOM to downstream, higher-order rivers and aquatic ecosystems geographically removed from the DOM source of origin. Here we merge these ideas into the "pulse-shunt concept" (PSC) to explain and quantify how infrequent, yet major hydrologic events may drive the timing, flux, geographical dispersion, and regional metabolism of terrestrial DOM. The PSC also helps reconcile long-standing discrepancies in C cycling theory and provides a robust framework for better quantifying its highly dynamic role in the global C cycle. The PSC adds a critical temporal dimension to linear organic matter removal dynamics postulated by the river continuum concept. It also can be represented mathematically through a model that is based on stream scaling approaches suitable for quantifying the important role of streams and rivers in the global C cycle. Initial hypotheses generated by the PSC include: (1) Infrequent large storms and snowmelt events account for a large and underappreciated percentage of the terrestrial DOM flux to drainage networks at annual and decadal time scales and therefore event statistics are equally important to total discharge when determining terrestrial fluxes. (2) Episodic hydrologic events result in DOM bypassing headwater streams and being metabolized in large rivers and exported to coastal systems. We propose that the PSC provides a framework for watershed biogeochemical modeling and predictions and discuss implications to ecological processes.
Serum amyloid A3 confers protection against acute lung injury in<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-infected mice (2019)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a gram-negative bacterium associated with serious illnesses, including ventilator-associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes in humans. Understanding the host immune mechanisms against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> is, therefore, of clinical importance. The present study identified serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) as being highly inducible in mouse bronchial epithelium following <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection. Genetic deletion of <i>Saa3</i> rendered mice more susceptible to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection with decreased neutrophil superoxide anion production, and ex vivo treatment of mouse neutrophils with recombinant SAA3 restored the ability of neutrophils to produce superoxide anions. The SAA3-deficient mice showed exacerbated inflammatory responses, which was characterized by pronounced neutrophil infiltration, elevated expression of TNF-α, KC/CXCL1, and MIP-2/CXCL2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and increased lung microvascular permeability compared with their wild-type littermates. BALF neutrophils from <i>Saa3</i> knockout mice exhibited reduced superoxide anion production compared with neutrophils from wild-type mice. Adoptive transfer of SAA3-treated neutrophils to <i>Saa3</i> knockout mice ameliorated <i>P. aeruginosa</i>-induced acute lung injury. These findings demonstrate that SAA3 not only serves as a biomarker for infection and inflammation, but also plays a protective role against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection-induced lung injury in part through augmentation of neutrophil bactericidal functions.
Autonomic dysfunction in ‘long COVID’: rationale, physiology and management strategies (2020)

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented morbidity, mortality and global disruption. Following the initial surge of infections, focus shifted to managing the longer-term sequelae of illness in survivors. 'Post-acute COVID' (known colloquially as 'long COVID') is emerging as a prevalent syndrome. It encompasses a plethora of debilitating symptoms (including breathlessness, chest pain, palpitations and orthostatic intolerance) which can last for weeks or more following mild illness. We describe a series of individuals with symptoms of 'long COVID', and we posit that this condition may be related to a virus- or immune-mediated disruption of the autonomic nervous system resulting in orthostatic intolerance syndromes. We suggest that all physicians should be equipped to recognise such cases, appreciate the symptom burden and provide supportive management. We present our rationale for an underlying impaired autonomic physiology post-COVID-19 and suggest means of management.