gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Air Turbulence Using a Spectral Fitting Method for an Airborne Doppler LIDAR (2011)

Air turbulence has become a major cause of significant injuries and aircraft damages. We are pursuing the research and development of a practical airborne Doppler LIDAR that will detect air turbulence ahead of an aircraft in-flight and give advanced warning to pilots. Although a larger measurement range could be achieved by using higher powered laser, it implies larger and heavier devices which are not favorable for airborne applications. We use a wind velocity width to detect air turbulence and introduce a spectral fitting method which reduces measurement errors of the wind velocity width and extends the measurement range. This paper describes the effect of the detection of air turbulence using the wind velocity width estimated by the spectral fitting method.
Theory and operation of a GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs superlattice phototransistor with controlled avalanche gain (1989)

The principle of operation of a bipolar transistor with controlled multiplication of one type of carrier is outlined. The ideal device, with a few periods of a staircase superlattice in the base-collector depletion region, has high current outputs at extremely low bias voltages and high current gains. The principle is experimentally demonstrated in a GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs phototransistor where three periods of a periodic pseudomorphic structure, in which electrons should predominantly multiply, are included in the collector depletion region. Independent measurements of the electron and hole avalanche multiplication rates, M/sub n/ and M/sub p/, in these structures confirm that M/sub n//M/sub p/M/sub n//M/sub p/ and alpha / beta are approximately 2-4, depending on bias voltage. The observed photocurrent characteristics agree reasonably well with Monte Carlo calculations made to simulate the transport of electrons through the collector region. Measured optical gains are as high as 142 in an n-p-n phototransistor with a 2000-AA p-base region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of Chloroquine Treatment on the Different Phospholipid Species of Rat Liver Lysosomes (1982)

The lysosomal phospholipids of rat liver were determined after treatment of the animals with chloroquine for varying periods up to 15 days. During this period, all the measured phospholipids increased. After two weeks of treatment the absolute level of each phospholipid had increased 3 to 6-fold, with the exception of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate which was increased 25-fold, accounting for one third of the total phospholipids. The fatty acid pattern not only differed between the classes of lipids; it changed during treatment within every lipid class. In addition to other changes, the polyenoic fatty acids of the main glycerophospholipids were markedly reduced between the 3rd and 14th day of chloroquine treatment: to one half in phosphatidylcholine, to about one tenth in phosphatidylethanolamine, and to one quarter in phosphatidylinositol. However, the polyenoic fatty acid content of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate was doubled, reaching 76% of the total at the end of treatment. Whereas docosahexaenoic acid was not detected in this acidic phospholipid in the first 3 days of treatment, it was present to the extent of 55% of the total fatty acids after 15 days of chloroquine application;
Comprehensive gene expression analysis for exploring the association between glucose metabolism and differentiation of thyroid cancer (2019)

Not applicable.
Differential Effects of Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum </i>Mill) Matrix on the Volatility of Important Aroma Compounds (2002)

Significant tomato matrix effects on the volatility of certain fresh tomato odorants were found. The concentrations of odorants such as (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, beta-damascenone, and beta-ionone, in crushed fresh tomato fruit obtained by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), resulting from a tomato matrix calibration curve were 5.5-, 2-, and 12-fold higher, respectively, than those calculated by calibration based on buffer solutions. Static headspace analyses indicated that, in most cases, the tomato matrix significantly retains the odorants relative to the buffer solution. Thus, the concentration of odorants in the headspace of tomato is lower than expected compared to a simple matrix such as buffer. CaCl(2), although needed in crushed fruit tissue to block enzymatic activity, was found to interact specifically with 2-isobutylthiazole, reducing its content in the headspace by at least 6-fold. If a matrix effect is found, analysis of the odorant molecule contents in the headspace rather than in the food is recommended in order to better evaluate their access to the olfactory receptors.
Soft/write-error-resilient CMOS/magnetic tunnel junction nonvolatile flip-flop based on majority-decision shared writing (2017)

A soft/write-error-resilient nonvolatile flip-flop (NVFF) using three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is presented. The proposed NVFF exploits a redundant structure with a majority bit implicitly stored, which is tolerant to soft errors including both single-event transients (SETs) and single-event upsets (SEUs). For write-error resilience, all the bits of the redundant MTJs are written using the majority bit with a shared write-current path, exhibiting 1-bit soft-error correction and 1-bit write-error masking. In addition, the shared writing scheme reduces the number of write-current paths to one-third of that with a redundant NVFF with 1-bit soft/write-error masking. Using 65 nm CMOS/MTJ technologies, the proposed NVFF achieves a few orders-of-magnitude reduction in the failure in time (FIT), a 31% reduction in the transistor count, and a 65% reduction in the write energy in comparison with the redundant NVFF.
RecA-double stranded DNA complexes studied by atomic force microscopy (2000)

RecA-double stranded (ds) DNA complexes have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). When the complexes were prepared in the presence of ATP gamma S, fully covered RecA-dsDNA filaments were observed by AFM. When the concentration of RecA proteins was lower, various lengths of filaments were found. The variation of the observed structures may directly reflect the real distribution of the intermediate complexes in the reaction mixture, as the mixture was simply deposited on a mica surface for AFM observation without special fixation or staining. The use of a carbon nanotube (CNT) AFM tip enabled high resolution to reveal the periodicity of RecA-dsDNA filaments. Our observations demonstrated the potential of the AFM method for the structural studies of the RecA-dsDNA complexes, especially their intermediate states.
Feasibility of Inband Full-Duplex Radio Transceivers with Imperfect RF Components: Analysis and Enhanced Cancellation Algorithms (2014)

In this paper we provide an overview regarding the feasibility of in-band full-duplex transceivers under imperfect RF components. We utilize results and findings from the recent research on full-duplex communications, while introducing also transmitter-induced thermal noise into the analysis. This m
Variable gain-flattened L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2011)

This is a study on the design of variable gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifier operating in L-band transmission window. Four amplifiers divided into five stages became the basis of the design with distributed pumping configuration. A dispersion compensating module was incorporated into the architecture as a way to combat dispersion. The amplifier was able to generate variable gain from 15 up to 30 dB under different input signal powers with a maximum output power of 23 dBm. Excellent gain flatness averaging around 0.8 dB was accomplished while four-wave mixing effect was significantly reduced.
Effects of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Conditioning on Cross-Linked Polyimide Membranes (2010)

The effects of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) conditioning on high-performance cross-linked polyimide membranes is examined through gas permeation and sorption experiments. Under supercritical conditions, the cross-linked polymers do not exhibit a structural reorganization of the polymer matrix that was observed in the non-cross-linkable, free acid polymer. Pure gas permeation isotherms and mixed gas permeabilities and selectivities show the cross-linked polymers to be much more stable to scCO2 conditioning than the free acid polymer. In fact, following scCO2 conditioning, the mixed gas CO2 permeabilities of the cross-linked polymers increased while the CO2/CH4 separation factors remained relatively unchanged. This response highlights the stability and high performance of these cross-linked membranes in aggressive environments. In addition, this response reveals the potential for the preconditioning of cross-linked polymer membranes to enhance productivity without sacrificing efficiency in practical applications which, in effect, provides another tool to “tune” membrane properties for a given separation. Finally, the dual mode model accurately describes the sorption and dilation characteristics of the cross-linked polymers. The changes in the dual mode sorption model parameters before and after the scCO2 exposure also provide insights into the alterations in the different glassy samples due to the cross-linking and scCO2 exposure.
Effects of estrogen and progesterone treatment on rat hippocampal NMDA receptors: Relationship to Morris water maze performance (2004)

Estrogen modulates NMDA receptors function in the brain. It increases both dendritic spine density and synapse number in the hippocampus, an effect that can be blocked by NMDA antagonist. In this study, we investigated the effect of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone treatment on NMDA receptors in ovariectomized rats. Two different doses were used for 10 weeks. Receptor autoradiography was done on brain sections using [(3)H] MK-801 as a ligand. Our results showed a significant increase in [(3)H] MK-801 binding in the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA4 areas of the hippocampus of ovariectomized compared to sham operated rats. In addition, we observed similar changes in CA1. 17beta-estradiol treatment in both doses reduced the binding back to the normal level while progesterone treatment did not show any effect. Spatial reference memory was tested on Morris water maze task. Ovariectomy severely impaired spatial reference memory. Estradiol but not progesterone treatment significantly improved the memory performance of the ovariectomized rats. Low dose treatment showed better learning than high dose estrogen treatment. The decrease in the antagonist sites by estradiol treatment could result in an increase in the sensitivity of the hippocampus to the excitatory stimulation by glutamate system and hence the effect of estradiol on learning and memory. The changes of NMDA receptors in the hippocampus support the concept that estrogen-enhancing effect on spatial reference memory could be through the enhancing of NMDA function.
An eQTL-based method identifies CTTN and ZMAT3 as pemetrexed susceptibility markers (2011)

Pemetrexed, approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, has adverse effects including neutropenia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, fatigue and nausea. The results we report here represent the first genome-wide study aimed at identifying genetic predictors of pemetrexed response. We utilized expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) mapping combined with drug-induced cytotoxicity data to gain mechanistic insights into the observed genetic associations with pemetrexed susceptibility. We found that CTTN and ZMAT3 expression signature explained >30% of the pemetrexed susceptibility phenotype variation for pemetrexed in the discovery population. Replication using PCR and a semi-high-throughput, scalable assay system confirmed the initial discovery results in an independent set of samples derived from the same ancestry. Furthermore, functional validation in both germline and tumor cells demonstrates a decrease in cell survival following knockdown of CTTN or ZMAT3. In addition to our particular findings on genetic and gene expression predictors of susceptibility phenotype for pemetrexed, the work presented here will be valuable to the robust discovery and validation of genetic determinants and gene expression signatures of various chemotherapeutic susceptibilities.
Investigation of Point Defects by Aberration-Corrected STEM and First-Principles Theory (2008)

The successful correction of aberrations in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has improved lateral resolution by more than a factor of two [1], brought greatly enhanced sensitivity for imaging individual atoms, and depth resolution of a few nanometers [2-4]. In zone axis crystals, columnar channeling tends to reduce the depth resolution, and image simulations are necessary to establish the depth sensitivity [5]. To illustrate this capability, images from Si nanowires grown by a Au-catalyzed vapour-liquid-solid method will be presented [6]. A high density of Au atoms are seen not only on the surface of the nanowires, but, by changing focus, are seen also in the bulk of the nanowire, as shown in Fig. 1. The gold atoms move under the influence of the beam, and may not be present in the as-grown material. However, substitutional and three interstitial configurations are found, which are confirmed by density functional calculations to be stable (substitutional) or metastable (interstitial) sites. Furthermore, the number density of the different configurations correlates with their calculated defect formation energies. As a second example of the identification of a point defect complex, the origin of ferromagnetism in Co-doped anatase will be shown by a combination of imaging, EELS andmore » theory to be a Co-Ti+3-VO complex [7].« less
Enhanced Li-Ion Transport through Selectively Solvated Ionic Layers of Single-Ion Conducting Multiblock Copolymers (2022)

We demonstrate enhanced Li<sup>+</sup> transport through the selectively solvated ionic layers of a single-ion conducting polymer. The polymer is a precisely segmented ion-containing multiblock copolymers with well-defined Li<sup>+</sup>SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> ionic layers between crystallized linear aliphatic 18-carbon blocks. X-ray scattering reveals that the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) molecules selectively solvate the ionic layers without disrupting the crystallization of the polymer backbone. The amount of DMSO (∼21 wt %) calculated from the increased layer spacing is consistent with thermogravimetric analysis. The ionic conductivity through DMSO-solvated ionic layers is >10<sup>4</sup> times higher than in the dried state, indicating a significant enhancement of ion transport in the presence of this solvent. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) further elucidates the role of the structural relaxation time (τ) and the number of free Li<sup>+</sup> (<i>n</i>) on the ionic conductivity (σ). Specifically, DRS reveals that the solvation of ionic domains with DMSO contributes to both accelerating the structural relaxation and the dissociation of ion pairs. This study is the initial demonstration that selective solvation is a viable design strategy to improve ionic conductivity in nanophase separated, single-ion conducting multiblock copolymers.
Detecting heart wall boundaries by tracking features in an echocardiogram sequence (2003)

An approach to extracting information from an echocardiogram sequence to the endocardial boundary as the heart undergoes deformation in a cardiac cycle is presented. Image velocities used as attributes of the edge segments are estimated by the image-flow approach, which relates the spatial intensity gradient to the temporal gradient. One component of the velocity can be directly computed, whereas the other must be recovered from other information. An algorithm based on the total-least-squares method is used to recover the lost components. Experimental results using an acquired echocardiographic image sequence are presented. Since the motion pattern in the image sequence is quite complicated, it is difficult to judge the results. The diastole effect is not apparent; however, the indicated velocities do not agree with the intensity variations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of Adenovirus Genome Type 7h: Analysis of Its Relationship to Other Members of Serotype 7 (1992)

Ad7h is a newly identified genome type associated with severe lower acute respiratory infections and has so far been isolated only in South America. To obtain a clue to its possible origin, the degree of restriction enzyme site homology between adenovirus genome type 7h and those representative of the three described genomic clusters (GC) for serotype 7 was studied by analysis of pairwise comigrating DNA restriction fragments (PCRF) after digestion with BamHI, BglI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, HpaI, SalI, SmaI, XbaI, and XhoI. The most closely related genome types, Ad7b, Ad7d, and Ad7g, displayed 85.7, 83.8, and 82.8% comigrating fragments, respectively. Ad7p (GC1) was clearly distant with only 68.6% PCRF. No remarkable close genetic relationships (%PCRF greater than 90) were observed with any of the genome types grouped within GC3 or with Ad7g (the only member of GC2), so since Ad7h seems to be related to both members of GC2 and GC3, it could equally be considered to represent a new cluster or to end up grouped in either GC2 or GC3, depending on the results of further analysis.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α promotes and exacerbates calcification in heart valve myofibroblast populations (2021)

Pro-inflammatory cytokines play critical roles in regulating valvular interstitial cell (VIC) phenotypic changes that can cause heart valve fibrosis and calcification. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine known to influence VIC behavior and has been reported at high levels in calcified valves ex vivo. We sought to understand the specific effects of TNF-α on VIC phenotypes (eg, fibroblast, profibrotic activated myofibroblasts) and its link with heart valve disorders. We characterize human aortic valve tissue from patients with valve disorders and identify a high variability of fibrotic and calcific markers between tissues. These results motivated in vitro studies to explore the effects of TNF-α on defined VIC fibroblasts and profibrotic activated myofibroblasts, induced via FGF-2 and TGF-β1 treatment. Using 3D hydrogels to culture VICs, we measure the effect of TNF-α (0.1-10 ng/mL) on key markers of fibrosis (eg, αSMA, COL1A1) and calcification (eg, RUNX2, BMP2, and calcium deposits). We observe calcification in TNF-α-treated VIC activated myofibroblasts and identify the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade as a potential pathway for TNF-α mediated calcification. Conversely, VIC fibroblasts respond to TNF-α with decreased calcification. Treatment of VIC profibrotic activated myofibroblast populations with TNF-α leads to increased calcification. Our in vitro findings correlate with findings in diseased human valves and highlight the importance of understanding the effect of cytokines and signaling pathways on specific VIC phenotypes. Finally, we reveal MAPK/ERK as a potential pathway involved in VIC-mediated matrix calcification with TNF-α treatment, suggesting this pathway as a potential pharmaceutical target for aortic valve disease.
Degradation and Stabilization of Polypentenamer (1990)

Abstract The ageing of polypentenamers has been studied. The roles of molecular mass, of catalist used for the polymer preparation, and of antioxidants are discussed. The results of polymer ageing in the presence of various phenolic and amine-type stabilizers are described. Key Words: Polypentamerdegradationstabilizationphenolesaminesmechanism
Worst-case analysis of finite-time control policies (2001)

Finite-time control policies are common in batch and semi-batch operations. A novel approach is proposed that quantifies the impact of parameter and control implementation inaccuracies on the performance of such control policies. This information can be used to decide whether more experiments are needed to produce parameter estimates of higher accuracy, or to define performance objectives for the lower level control loops that implement the control trajectory. The approach is evaluated through application to the multidimensional growth of crystals used in nonlinear optics applications, where the nominal parameters and uncertainties are quantified from experimental data. Robustness estimates are provided with reasonable computational requirements.
A review on the chemistry, coordination, structure and biological properties of 1-(acyl/aroyl)-3-(substituted) thioureas (2013)

AbstractThis review provides an overview of the chemistry, structure and potential applications of 1-(acyl/aroyl)-3-(mono-substituted) and 1-(acyl/aroyl)-3,3-(di-substituted) thioureas, with general formula R1C(O)N(1)HC(S)N(3)R2R3. In recent years, the title compounds have found extensive applications as ligands in coordination chemistry. The effect that nitrogen substituents exert on the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions is discussed, including their role on the coordination properties displayed by these ligands. Novel applications of transition metal complexes bearing 1-(acyl/aroyl)-3-(mono- and di-substituted) thioureas are introduced. Biological aspects are also highlighted. As recently demonstrated, high-throughput screening assay and structure–activity analyses are feasible for this class of compounds. The chemical versatility of 1-(acyl)-3-(substituted) thiourea molecules and the derived metal complexes, together with the possibility of determining detailed structural properties, join biological applications in a promising interdisciplinary approach. The bibliography includes 382 references with emphasis on the literature appearing after 2007.Keywords: biological activitymetal complexationmolecular structuresulfur chemistrythioureavibrational propertiesView correction statement:Corrigendum AcknowledgementsM.F.E. is member of the Carrera del Investigador of CONICET (República Argentina). The Argentinean author thanks the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), the ANPCYT and the Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata for the financial support. The authors thank the International Union of Crystallography for the permission for reproducing Figure 4 of the article http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812002954, and the American Chemical Society for the permission for reproducing Scheme 23.