gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endocrine resistance associated with activated ErbB system in breast cancer cells is reversed by inhibiting MAPK or PI3K/Akt signaling pathways (2009)

Endocrine therapy resistance is one of the main challenges in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. This study showed that two ER+ human breast carcinoma cell lines derived from MCF-7 (MVLN cells) that have acquired under OH-Tamoxifen selection two distinct phenotypes of endocrine resistance both displayed constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Aberrant expression and activation of the ErbB system (phospho-EGFR, phospho-ErbB2, phospho-ErbB3, over-expression of ErbB4 and over-expression of several ErbB ligands) were also observed in the two resistant cell lines, suggesting the existence of an autocrine loop leading to constitutive activation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt survival pathways. The recent clinical use of specific signal transduction inhibitors is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches in breast cancers. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 were both able to enhance the cytostatic effect of OH-Tamoxifen or fulvestrant on MVLN sensitive cells. In the two resistant cell lines, inhibition of the MAPK or the PI3K/Akt pathways associated with endocrine therapy was sufficient to reverse OH-Tamoxifen or fulvestrant resistance. Investigating the effect of a combination of both inhibitors on the reversion of OH-Tamoxifen and fulvestrant resistance in the two resistant cell lines suggested that, in clinical practice, a strategy combining the two inhibitors would be the best approach to target the different endocrine resistance phenotypes possibly present in a tumor. In conclusion, the combination of MAPK and PI3K inhibitors represents a promising strategy to overcome endocrine therapy resistance in ER+ breast cancer patients.
Perovskite Electrodes for High Temperature Solid Electrolyte Fuel Cells (Commemoration Issue Dedicated to Professor Toshio TAKADA On the Occasion of His Retirement) (1986)

The cathodic polarization of Lai_xSrxMO3_z (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) electrode sputtered on yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte was studied at 600-800C.The study of the exchange current, Io, as a function of Po2 and temperature reveals that the rate-determining steps for oxygen reduction are as follows; the charge transfer process for Lai _xSrxCoO3_z, the dissociation of oxygen molecules on the surface for Lao.7Sr0.3FeO3_Zand La0.7Sro.3MnO3_z,and the oxygen diffusion on the electrode surface for La0.,Sr0,3CrO3.The marked electrode activity of Lal_xSrxCoO3_z was explained by the high oxygen diffusivity and the high dissociation ability of oxygen molecules.
CD30L null SJL mice exhibit reduced lymph node and spleen weights but support growth of transplantable SJL lymphoma RCS-X (48.29) (2011)

Abstract The process by which endogenous retroviral superantigen (vSAg29) expressing SJL lymphomas (RCS) stimulate host CD4+Vβ16+ T cells, in order to elicit help (notably IL-4 and -5) for their growth, has been characterized as “reverse immune surveillance”. This response is facilitated by the high expression of an array of co-stimulating molecules on RCS cells, including B7.1, B7.2, 41BBL, CD40 and CD30. On the basis of their germinal center derivation, SJL lymphomas bear close resemblance to a subpopulation of human germinal center B cell lymphomas, such as CD30+ Hodgkin’s lymphomas. In our earlier studies, growth of transplantable SJL lymphoma (RCS-X) in vivo was inhibited by anti-CD30 mAb. While the evidence shows that this effect is indirectly on the lymphoma-responsive CD4 T cells, the mechanism of action was unclear. To shed light on the role of CD30-CD30L interactions in SJL lymphoma development, CD30L-/- were bred onto SJL background and tested for their support of transplantable lymphoma growth. A significant reduction in lymph node (17.4-54.7%) and spleen weights (21.5-38.2%) was observed for CD30 null mice, compared to wild type SJL mice. Despite this reduction in the lymphoid compartment, no reduction in lymphoma growth was observed. The results suggest that while CD30-CD30L interactions might be important for SJL lymphoma growth, other costimulating molecules might contribute significantly to the process of reverse immune surveillance in RCS lymphoma.
Anhydro sugars, valuable intermediates in carbohydrate syntheses (1996)

Abstract
What Goes Wrong With Mitochondria During Renal Cold Storage Plus Transplantation and Can It Be Fixed? (2014)

Purpose: The overall goal of this study is to elucidate mechanisms involved with cold storage (CS) mediated mitochondrial and renal injury, which could lead to better therapies (or preservation solutions) that are designed to minimize damage, increase the donor pool, and improve renal transplant outcomes. Our published reports showed that cold storage induces mitochondrial and renal damage, and we recently reported that a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, blunted mitochondrial damage in a porcine kidney model. Mitochondrial damage can be alleviated by biogenesis of new healthy mitochondria; however, few studies have investigated the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway during renal CS + transplantation. Methods: Male rat kidneys were isolated and cold stored for 0-18 hr +/- MitoQ (100 uM) followed by transplantation. Mitochondrial function (oxygen consumption) was assessed via high resolution respirometry and ATP measurement of renal biopsies post-transplant (18 hr). Quantitative proteomics of mitochondrial extracts separated using blue native gel electrophoresis was used as a proteomic approach to identify key mitochondrial respiratory complex proteins altered during CS + transplantation. Mitochondrial biogenesis was assessed by small fragment PCR of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as mitochondrial protein expression. Pilot studies using ‘discarded' paired human kidneys obtained from our local procurement office were also treated with MitoQ. Results: Renal CS + transplantation lead to decreased mtDNA integrity and copy numbers, reduced respiratory complex I and II/III function, and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis. Quantitative proteomics of complex I showed that 8 complex I subunits were decreased following CS + transplantation. We also showed that adding MitoQ increased ATP and mtDNA after CS alone, and improved renal function following CS + transplantation. Early results using discarded human kidneys showed reduced mtDNA integrity and biogenesis in these kidneys; addition of MitoQ restored respiratory complex activity in these kidneys. Summary: These studies suggest cold storage leads to damaged respiratory complexes as well as damage to the mtDNA, which can both lead to reduced mitochondrial function and loss of the reparative biogenesis component. Interestingly, inclusion of MitoQ during cold storage lead to protection against mitochondrial and renal damage during cold storage and transplantation. Supported by NIH DK089659 (LAMC).
Consequences of resonant surface-wave excitation on contrast in reflection scanning acoustic microscope (1987)

The scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) is a confocal imaging system that is very similar in structure to the scanning optical microscope. The purpose of the paper is to show that when surface-wave excitation is the predominant contrast mechanism, the imaging performance cannot be described within the same framework that is used to explain image formation in the scanning optical microscope. The paper explains that concepts such as the optical transfer function and the point spread function, which rely for their usefulness on the linear superposition of object features, are not applicable because surface-wave excitation is a resonant phenomenon. The paper shows how the images expected in acoustic micro-graphs can be severely perturbed by resonance in the specimen. It is therefore important that these effects are understood so that acoustic images are correctly interpreted. The specimen is modelled in the simplest possible manner to account for surface-wave excitation so that the features unique to imaging in the reflection acoustic microscope can be demonstrated
Numerical Analysis of a Metal Hydride Reactor With Embedded Heat Pipes to Enhance Heat Transfer Characteristics (2009)

Numerical analysis was conducted for a heat pipe application in a metal hydride (MH) reactor for hydrogen gas storage. The hydriding and dehydriding characteristics of MH strongly depend on temperature and pressure. Due to its extremely low thermal conductivity however, it is very difficult to control the temperature of MH, especially when it is of vast bulk as in an MH reactor. This study deals with heat pipes embedded into the MH to increase the effective thermal conductivity of the system and thus to enhance the thermal control characteristics. The existing model was a brine-tube type MH reactor having cylindrical container with outer diameter of 76 mm and length of 1 m, which was partially filled with 8 to 10 kg of MH material. The hydriding and dehydriding processes occur at 10°C and 80°C, respectively. The heat-pipe type reactor model replaced the brine tubes and channels with copper-water heat pipes of the same dimensions. Three-dimensional numerical analysis predicted that the heat-pipe type MH reactor model enhanced thermal performance with faster response to the change of boundary conditions and higher degree of isothermal characteristics. Discussion is presented based on the numerical results of the two models compared with experimental results.
Liquid-metal-jet anode electron-impact x-ray source (2003)

We demonstrate an anode concept, based on a liquid-metal jet, for improved brightness in compact electron-impact x-ray sources. The source is demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment where a 50 keV, ∼100 W electron beam is focused on a 75 μm liquid-solder jet. The generated x-ray flux and brightness is quantitatively measured in the 7–50 keV spectral region and found to agree with theory. Compared to rotating-anode sources, whose brightness is limited by intrinsic thermal properties, the liquid-jet anode could potentially be scaled to achieve a brightness &amp;gt;100× higher than current state-of-the-art sources. Applications such as mammography, angiography, and diffraction would benefit from such a compact high-brightness source.
Focused array transducer for optoacoustic tomography (2005)

Optoacoustic (OA) imaging is based on the generation of thermoelastic stress waves by heating an object in an optically heterogeneous medium with a short laser pulse. The stress waves contain information on the distribution of structures with preferential optical absorption that can be used for early cancer diagnostics. In this work a new design of array transducer is proposed and different characteristics of the array are discussed. The array consists of 64 focused piezo-elements made of PVDF slabs imposed on a spherical surface. Resolution yielded by the array in different directions is determined and discussed. Numerical modeling is performed for optimization of tissue irradiation conditions, determination of contrast of the OA images and maximum imaging depth.
The RNA-binding Proteins FMR1, Rasputin and Caprin Act Together with the UBA Protein Lingerer to Restrict Tissue Growth in Drosophila melanogaster (2013)

Appropriate expression of growth-regulatory genes is essential to ensure normal animal development and to prevent diseases like cancer. Gene regulation at the levels of transcription and translational initiation mediated by the Hippo and Insulin signaling pathways and by the TORC1 complex, respectively, has been well documented. Whether translational control mediated by RNA-binding proteins contributes to the regulation of cellular growth is less clear. Here, we identify Lingerer (Lig), an UBA domain-containing protein, as growth suppressor that associates with the RNA-binding proteins Fragile X mental retardation protein 1 (FMR1) and Caprin (Capr) and directly interacts with and regulates the RNA-binding protein Rasputin (Rin) in Drosophila melanogaster. lig mutant organs overgrow due to increased proliferation, and a reporter for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is upregulated in a lig mutant situation. rin, Capr or FMR1 in combination as double mutants, but not the respective single mutants, display lig like phenotypes, implicating a redundant function of Rin, Capr and FMR1 in growth control in epithelial tissues. Thus, Lig regulates cell proliferation during development in concert with Rin, Capr and FMR1.
N-tier Simultaneous Modelling and Tracking for Arbitrary Warps (2006)

This paper presents an approach to object tracking which, given a single example of a target, learns a hierarchical constellation model of appearance and structure on the fly.The model becomes more robust over time as evidence of the variability of the object is acquired and added to the model.Tracking is performed in an optimised Lucas-Kanade type framework, using Mutual Information as a similarity metric.Several novelties are presented: an improved template update strategy using Bayes theorem, a multi-tier model topology, and a semi-automatic testing method.A critical comparison with other methods is made using exhaustive testing.In all 11 challenging test sequences were used with a mean length of 568 frames.
Eukaryotic Class II Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photolyase Structure Reveals Basis for Improved Ultraviolet Tolerance in Plants (2011)

Ozone depletion increases terrestrial solar ultraviolet B (UV-B; 280-315 nm) radiation, intensifying the risks plants face from DNA damage, especially covalent cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Without efficient repair, UV-B destroys genetic integrity, but plant breeding creates rice cultivars with more robust photolyase (PHR) DNA repair activity as an environmental adaptation. So improved strains of Oryza sativa (rice), the staple food for Asia, have expanded rice cultivation worldwide. Efficient light-driven PHR enzymes restore normal pyrimidines to UV-damaged DNA by using blue light via flavin adenine dinucleotide to break pyrimidine dimers. Eukaryotes duplicated the photolyase gene, producing PHRs that gained functions and adopted activities that are distinct from those of prokaryotic PHRs yet are incompletely understood. Many multicellular organisms have two types of PHR: (6-4) PHR, which structurally resembles bacterial CPD PHRs but recognizes different substrates, and Class II CPD PHR, which is remarkably dissimilar in sequence from bacterial PHRs despite their common substrate. To understand the enigmatic DNA repair mechanisms of PHRs in eukaryotic cells, we determined the first crystal structure of a eukaryotic Class II CPD PHR from the rice cultivar Sasanishiki. Our 1.7 Å resolution PHR structure reveals structure-activity relationships in Class II PHRs and tuning for enhanced UV tolerance in plants. Structural comparisons with prokaryotic Class I CPD PHRs identified differences in the binding site for UV-damaged DNA substrate. Convergent evolution of both flavin hydrogen bonding and a Trp electron transfer pathway establish these as critical functional features for PHRs. These results provide a paradigm for light-dependent DNA repair in higher organisms.
Optical phase-sensitive amplification using two phase-locked light sources (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. Imajuku and A. Takada, "Optical phase-sensitive amplification using two phase-locked light sources," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, M. Zervas, A. Willner, and S. Sasaki, eds., Vol. 16 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper FAW16. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Trends in seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and infection fatality rate in the Norwegian population through the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic (2021)

The seroprevalence estimates show a cumulative increase of SARS-CoV-2 infections over time in the Norwegian population and suggest some under-recording of confirmed cases. The IFR and IHR were low, corresponding to the relatively low number of COVID-19-associated deaths and hospitalizations in Norway. Most of the Norwegian population was still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection after the first year of the pandemic.
FutureGen2 Petrel Project (2022)

This Petrel project features geomechanical models that takes advantage of existing modeling work from PNNL and expands upon its framework to included overlying and underlying geologic zones. Where available, geomechanical logs were incorporated into these models. While the existing CO2 storage interval and caprock (Mt. Simon Ss and Eau Claire Shale) were finely layered by PNNL, the overlying layers were more coarsely layered to limit cell count.
Scheduling in packet radio networks-a new approach (2003)

In the broadcast schedule construction problem in a radio network, a frame of minimum length provides every transceiver an opportunity for transmission after least amount delay. However, such a frame does not necessarily maximize the network throughput. The network throughput can be increased by choosing a frame of suboptimal length, although in this situation the throughput of some of the individual transceivers might decrease. We present a schedule construction scheme that takes into account the interests of the network as well as the individual transceivers and finds a balance between the two conflicting interests. The objective of this scheme is to maximize the network throughput without a significant adverse impact on the performance of individual transceivers. This scheme guarantees a network throughput that is at least as large as in the traditional scheduling schemes using the minimum length frame.
11.1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Narrow‐Band Phosphors for Next Generation MiniLED and MicroLED Displays (2021)

Both phosphors and quantum dots are currently used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), with GE's KSF narrow red phosphor demonstrating the best possible red color point, reliability, and efficiency. Next generation miniLED and microLED based displays require excellent color quality (gamut) and high brightness which will require color conversion materials with high EQE and narrow emission peaks. Here we describe recent advancements in narrow‐band phosphors which are being implemented in next‐generation miniLED displays, and being considered for enabling full‐color microLED displays of thefuture due to their excellent optical performance and robust nature.
Drinking coffee enhances neurocognitive function by reorganizing brain functional connectivity (2021)

The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms underlying effects of coffee on cognition in the context of brain networks. Here we investigated functional connectivity before and after drinking coffee using graph-theoretic analysis of electroencephalography (EEG). Twenty-one healthy adults voluntarily participated in this study. The resting-state EEG data and results of neuropsychological tests were consecutively acquired before and 30 min after coffee consumption. Graph analyses were performed and compared before and after coffee consumption. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between changes in graph measures and those in cognitive function tests. Functional connectivity (FC) was reorganized toward more efficient network properties after coffee consumption. Performance in Digit Span tests and Trail Making Test Part B improved after coffee consumption, and the improved performance in executive function was correlated with changes in graph measures, reflecting a shift toward efficient network properties. The beneficial effects of coffee on cognitive function might be attributed to the reorganization of FC toward more efficient network properties. Based on our findings, the patterns of network reorganization could be used as quantitative markers to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of coffee on cognition, especially executive function.
Persistence of High Levels of Serum Complement C5a in Severe COVID-19 Cases After Hospital Discharge (2021)

Evidence supports a role of complement anaphylatoxin C5a in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. However, information about the evolution and impact of C5a levels after hospital discharge is lacking. We analyzed the association between circulating C5a levels and the clinical evolution of hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Serum C5a levels were determined in 32 hospitalized and 17 non-hospitalized patients from Clinica Universidad de Navarra. One hundred and eighty eight serial samples were collected during the hospitalization stay and up to three months during the follow-up. Median C5a levels were 27.71 ng/ml (25th to 75th percentile: 19.35-34.96) for samples collected during hospitalization, <i>versus</i> 16.76 ng/ml (12.90-25.08) for samples collected during the follow-up (p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between serum C5a levels and the number of days from symptom onset (p<0.001). C5a levels also correlated with a previously validated clinical risk score (p<0.001), and was associated with the severity of the disease (p<0.001). An overall reduction of C5a levels was observed after hospital discharge. However, elevated C5a levels persisted in those patients with high COVID-19 severity (i.e. those with a longest stay in the hospital), even after months from hospital discharge (p=0.020). Moreover, high C5a levels appeared to be associated with the presence of long-term respiratory symptoms (p=0.004). In conclusion, serum C5a levels remain high in severe cases of COVID-19, and are associated with the presence of respiratory symptoms after hospital discharge. These results may suggest a role for C5a in the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection.
Clinical cerebrovascular anatomy (2009)

Abstract Stroke is often the result of carotid atheroma, which may cause ischemia via progressive arterial narrowing or lead to superimposed thrombus formation and subsequent atheroembolism to the intracerebral vasculature. Revascularization through carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting with embolic protection devices has produced favorable results in appropriately selected patients. In planning the percutaneous approach, an arch aortogram is first acquired to determine arch type and identify the presence of any anatomic variants which may affect the approach to the procedure and catheter selection. Subsequent imaging of the cerebral vasculature is performed to delineate the collateral circulation that is present, including an evaluation of the Circle of Willis. Although Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) may be useful in evaluating the presence of carotid or cerebrovascular disease, digital subtraction angiography is required prior to performance of a percutaneous intervention in order to create a procedural “roadmap”. Additionally, the comprehensive management of cerebrovascular disease requires a detailed knowledge of the specific clinical syndromes that result from ischemia in each vascular territory. This methodical review of cerebrovascular anatomy and stroke syndromes will provide the operator with the tools to conduct a thorough neurological assessment prior to revascularization, evaluate any periprocedural complications that may arise, and evaluate the patient with suspected stroke. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Practice of Computing Using Python, plus MyProgrammingLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card (2012)

A problem-solving approach to programming with Python. The Practice of Computing Using Python introduces CS1 students (majors and non-majors) to computational thinking using Python. With data-manipulation as a theme, readers quickly see the value in what theyre learning and leave the course with a set of immediately useful computational skills that can be applied to problems they encounter in future pursuits. The book takes an object-use-first approachwriting classes is covered only after students have mastered using objects.