gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles and Programming of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE Proteins during Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection (2015)

In eukaryotes, ARGONAUTE proteins (AGOs) associate with microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and other classes of small RNAs to regulate target RNA or target loci. Viral infection in plants induces a potent and highly specific antiviral RNA silencing response characterized by the formation of virus-derived siRNAs. Arabidopsis thaliana has ten AGO genes of which AGO1, AGO2, and AGO7 have been shown to play roles in antiviral defense. A genetic analysis was used to identify and characterize the roles of AGO proteins in antiviral defense against Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Arabidopsis. AGO1, AGO2 and AGO10 promoted anti-TuMV defense in a modular way in various organs, with AGO2 providing a prominent antiviral role in leaves. AGO5, AGO7 and AGO10 had minor effects in leaves. AGO1 and AGO10 had overlapping antiviral functions in inflorescence tissues after systemic movement of the virus, although the roles of AGO1 and AGO10 accounted for only a minor amount of the overall antiviral activity. By combining AGO protein immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing of associated small RNAs, AGO2, AGO10, and to a lesser extent AGO1 were shown to associate with siRNAs derived from silencing suppressor (HC-Pro)-deficient TuMV-AS9, but not with siRNAs derived from wild-type TuMV. Co-immunoprecipitation and small RNA sequencing revealed that viral siRNAs broadly associated with wild-type HC-Pro during TuMV infection. These results support the hypothesis that suppression of antiviral silencing during TuMV infection, at least in part, occurs through sequestration of virus-derived siRNAs away from antiviral AGO proteins by HC-Pro. These findings indicate that distinct AGO proteins function as antiviral modules, and provide a molecular explanation for the silencing suppressor activity of HC-Pro.
Human herpesvirus 6 infection in febrile infants ninety days of age and younger (2002)

Approximately 10% of febrile infants </=90 days of age evaluated for sepsis had evidence of HHV-6 infection. HHV-6 Variant A and B infections were seen in these young infants. HHV-6 DNA was found in infants with and without another explanation for fever. Quantification of viral DNA may be important in determining the relevance of HHV-6 DNA in clinical specimens.
Multipoint process monitoring system based on an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) (2001)

This paper describes a newly designed multipoint process monitoring system based on an acousto-optic tunable filter. In order to prove the feasibility of the suggested multipoint monitoring system for use in the NIR spectral region, some experiments were carried out in the visible range. The multipoint process monitoring system consists of an AOTF device for wavelength selecting, a CCD imaging sensor, and a specially designed in-line type of optical fiber probe. Unlike an FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometry) based monitoring system, an AOTF has no moving parts, and it can be rapidly tuned to any wavelength in its operating range within microseconds. Thus, the AOTF is advantageous in terms of faster spectral imaging capability and rigidity required for industrial monitoring environment. Also, Fourier Transform Spectrometry experiments were conducted for comparison with the AOTF based monitoring system. In the current feasibility evaluation, an enhanced optical fiber probe with 3 monitoring points was used. However, the number of monitoring points can be easily expanded to dozens more points as required.
Influence of different developer nozzle types on the photomask performance (2016)

The long-term development of electronics obliges increasingly tighter specifications for photomasks to meet the requirements of continuing miniaturization. We report on the influence of two different linear drive nozzle types A and B used for conducting the develop process on important mask properties, which comprise CD uniformity (CDU), loading behaviour, mean to target (MTT), iso-dense bias, line width roughness (LWR), linearity, resolution and defectivity. The results are presented for different resists, resist thicknesses and blank materials. First, the most important recipe parameters to ensure the best develop performance are defined and experimentally determined. Those critical factors are the nozzle scan speed over the mask, the develop time, the distance between nozzle and mask surface and the flow rate of the medium. It is demonstrated how these parameters can significantly affect the develop process performance. Dark loss experiments reveal that a more uniform resist removal takes place with the B kind of nozzle compared to that achieved with nozzle A. Based on the mask properties, the performances of two different nozzle types are compared. It is found that improvements with the B like nozzle can be achieved for CDU and loading. The presented nozzle type shows a promising approach to meet the requirements of future electronics.
&lt;p&gt;Synthesis and characterization of a long-acting emtricitabine prodrug nanoformulation&lt;/p&gt; (2019)

NMFTC shows improved antiretroviral activities over native FTC. This is coordinate with its extended apparent half-life. The work represents an incremental advance in the development of a long-acting FTC formulation.
Automatic Decellularization of Ovine Aorta-Derived Extracellular Matrix Offers Reduced Processing and Attendee Times While Being as Effective as Manual Techniques (2014)

Automatic decellularization of ovine aorta is as effective as gold standard manual decellularization protocols. Future research will focus on optimizing the automated decellularization technique and on upscaling protocols.
Effect of anti-Thyroperoxidase on thyroid gland and breast tissue: A comprehensive review (2014)

Relationship between thyroid disease and breast tissue has long been debated as both the tissues have same embryological origin. Recent studies have implicated the possible role of thyroid dysfunction in the development and progression of breast related disorders. In view of increased prevalence of hypo and hyper thyroidism globally, there is a possibility of hormonal imbalance which may contribute to the initiation of tumor growth. Current literature has confirmed the role of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression in breast cancers. Elevated anti-thyroperoxidase enzyme has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Activity of thyroid gland in post menopausal women, role of iodide levels and its relation to breast tissue and development of breast cancer needs extensive evaluation. In this comprehensive review we describe the role of NIS in thyroid gland functioning, thyroid hormone signaling mechanism.
State-of-the-Art Strategies for Targeting <i>RET</i>-Dependent Cancers (2020)

Activating receptor tyrosine kinase RET (rarranged during transfection) gene alterations have been identified as oncogenic in multiple malignancies. RET gene rearrangements retaining the kinase domain are oncogenic drivers in papillary thyroid cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and multiple other cancers. Activating RET mutations are associated with different phenotypes of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 as well as sporadic medullary thyroid cancer. RET is thus an attractive therapeutic target in patients with oncogenic RET alterations. Multikinase inhibitors with RET inhibitor activity, such as cabozantinib and vandetanib, have been explored in the clinic for tumors with activating RET gene alterations with modest clinical efficacy. As a result of the nonselective nature of these multikinase inhibitors, patients had off-target adverse effects, such as hypertension, rash, and diarrhea. This resulted in a narrow therapeutic index of these drugs, limiting ability to dose for clinically effective RET inhibition. In contrast, the recent discovery and clinical validation of highly potent selective RET inhibitors (pralsetinib, selpercatinib) demonstrating improved efficacy and a more favorable toxicity profile are poised to alter the landscape of RET-dependent cancers. These drugs appear to have broad activity across tumors with activating RET alterations. The mechanisms of resistance to these next-generation highly selective RET inhibitors is an area of active research. This review summarizes the current understanding of RET alterations and the state-of-the-art treatment strategies in RET-dependent cancers.
Torque-Assist Hybrid Electric Powertrain Sizing: From Optimal Control Towards a Sizing Law (2009)

In this study a novel method is proposed with which the optimal hybridization ratio of a torque-assist hybrid electric powertrain can be found with very little computational effort. The objective is to minimize the total CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions of the vehicle, while maintaining its drivability at a constant level. The starting point is an analysis in which the optimal driving strategy is found for eight typical driving cycles using dynamic programming. Analyzing these results, a simple yet powerful rule-based method is proposed that allows to choose the sizes of the combustion engine and of the electric motor such that the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions are very close to the minimum value, i.e., with a deviation of less than 1% for most driving cycles.
Synthesis and characterization of ionomeric poly(vinyl butyral) (1992)

Abstract A route to synthesizing novel poly(vinyl butyral) ionomers (IPVB), via a condensation polymerization process, has been developed. In the process, ionic groups were permanently incorporated into the poly(vinyl butyral) backbone by using an ion‐containing aldehyde in addition to butyraldehyde during the acetalization of poly(vinyl alcohol). The resulting polymers demonstrated properties typical of ionomer systems, i.e., they behaved as “thermally reversible crosslinked thermoplastics” due to the presence of ionic associations present in the polymers. The ionic associations enabled the polymers to behave as crosslinked materials at ambient temperatures, whereas, at higher temperatures (processing temperatures), the ionic associations were lost, thus allowing the polymers to flow. Consequently, at ambient temperatures, the IPVBs demonstrated increased stiffness as determined from the storage modulus of the polymers, whereas, at higher temperatures, the IPVBs demonstrated moduli and stress‐relaxation properties comparable to those of conventional poly(vinyl butyral). The IPVBs were characterized by a number of techniques including, high resolution NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H, 13 C), dilute solution viscometry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Characterization was done on plasticized and unplasticized IPVBs.
Controlling the orientation of a cell-synthesized extracellular matrix by using engineered gelatin-based building blocks (2018)

In tissue engineering there is growing interest in fabricating highly engineered platforms designed to instruct cells towards the synthesis of tissues that reproduce their natural counterpart. In this context, a fundamental factor to take into account is the control over the final tissue orientation, especially for what concerns the replication of load-bearing tissues whose functions are strictly related to their microstructural organization. Starting from this point, in this work we have engineered a gelatin-based hydrogel in order to be patterned by 2-photon polymerization (2PP) lithography for the fabrication of instructive free standing building blocks designed to produce anisotropic collagen-based μtissues. Biological results clearly highlighted the strong relationship between μtissue orientation and such topographies, which resulted in a crucial element in the production of highly anisotropic μtissues.
Current Update on Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (2013)

Current Update on Medullary Thyroid CarcinomaDhakshinamoorthy Ganeshan1, Erik Paulson1, Cihan Duran1, Maria E. Cabanillas2, Naifa L. Busaidy2 and Chusilp Charnsangavej1Audio Available | Share
Aggregated N-of-1 trials for unlicensed medicines for small populations: an assessment of a trial with ephedrine for myasthenia gravis (2017)

In theory, evidence from aggregated N-of-1 trials is suitable for use in licensing and reimbursement decisions. The current example illustrates differences in interpretation of N-of-1 results by health authorities. In the era of personalized medicine, consensus is required on the interpretation of data from study designs geared to small groups. Demonstrating effectiveness of inexpensive medicines in small populations may require involvement of non-commercial parties, to preserve affordability.
&lt;title&gt;Photopolymerization of oriented monomeric liquid crystals&lt;/title&gt; (1992)

In order to obtain oriented liquid crystalline films which maintain the alignment of monomeric species from whence they are derived, it is necessary to induce rapid, isothermal polymerization processes. In recent studies, monofunctional and difunctional mesogenic methacrylate monomers with nematic and smectic phases have been aligned and polymerized to yield macroscopically oriented polymers. In some cases, the orientation is maintained even after the polymer is heated above its clearing temperature. By utilizing a thin-foil calorimeter, we have succeeded in measuring polymerization rates in macroscopically oriented liquid crystalline monomers. Although the macroscopic structure of the aligned system may be locked-in during polymerization, this does not necessarily result in enhanced rates compared to non-oriented samples. The experimental techniques used to measure the polymerization exotherms of oriented liquid crystals are described. Initial results which illustrate the effect of macroscopic alignment are discussed with respect to polymerization kinetic rates. Implications for polymerization of oriented liquid crystals are briefly discussed in the context of optical properties of the final films.
Abklärung, Bildgebung und Differenzialdiagnose bei Myokarditis (2016)

In der Ätiologie der dilatativen Kardiomyopathie und der Pathogenese des plötzlichen Herztodes spielt die Myokarditis eine wichtige Rolle. Häufig ist sie die Folge einer Infektion mit kardiotropen Viren und nachfolgender inflammatorischer Zerstörung des Myokards. Zwar ist die endomyokardiale Biopsie für die Diagnosestellung nach wie vor der Goldstandard, in der klinischen Routine wird die Diagnose allerdings häufig ohne bioptische Sicherung anhand der klinischen Präsentation und der Ergebnisse nicht invasiver Testmethoden gestellt. Der kardialen MRT kommt hierbei eine besondere Bedeutung zu, da sie als einzige Modalität unterschiedliche Techniken zur Erkennung inflammatorischer Veränderungen des Herzmuskels bietet.
Flow characteristics and a permeability model in nanoporous media with solid-liquid interfacial effects (2016)

Molecular dynamics simulations of water flow through nanotubes have demonstrated higher flow rates than the flow rates predicted using classical models and a significant change in flow patterns due to the thin film that forms on the solid wall of the tubes. We have developed a two-region analytical model that described the flow characteristics and permeability of fluid flow through nanoporous media and considered the solid-liquid interfacial effects. Our model considers the influence of various interfacial effects, including long-range van der Waals forces, double-layer repulsive forces, and short-range structure repulsive forces, and it establishes relationships between the permeability and the average pore diameter, porosity, surface diffusion, and contact angle by numerical calculations. Our results indicate that the permeability calculated using the present model (with interfacial effects) is more than 30 times the results that were calculated using the Kozeny-Carman equation (without interfacial effects). The thickness of the thin film significantly affects the flow characteristics. We have gained new insight and guidance regarding the development of nanoscale pore reservoirs, such as shale gas and shale oil.
Benchmark Experiment for Radio-Activation of Ex-core Structural Materials using NCA and Analysis with Three-Dimensional Transport Codes (2005)

In this study, a radio-activation experiment was conducted using stainless steel outside the active fuel region (active core) in the Toshiba Nuclear Critical Assembly (NCA) in order to verify the homogenization method by simulating the NCA experimental reactor system and understand the effects of this method on the analysis accuracy. In order to validate homogenization method, we simulated the system using the continuous energy Monte Carlo code MCNP, which allows heterogeneously modeling, and examined application of the homogenization method used for modeling commercial boiling water reactors (BWRs) with the TORT code. The calculation results of activation rate obtained by using the MCNP code with either heterogeneous or homogeneous models do not affect the calculation result of activation rate outside the active core. As the homogenization method was validated, the calculation of activation rate using the TORT code was performed with the same homogeneous model as in the MCNP calculation. The results of the activation rate calculation using the TORT code gave values 20 to 30% larger than the calculation results obtained via MCNP for 55Mn. This is considered to be caused by thermal energy group structure which is treated as one group.
Design of Spectrum Database Assisted Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks (2012)

Recent FCC rulings in the US, mandating spectrum databases for white spaces unlicensed access, raise interesting challenges on the placement of road-side base stations (BS) connected to spectrum databases distributing spectrum knowledge to cognitive radios embedded in passing by vehicles. This paper
Using Triethylborane to Manipulate Reactivity Ratios in Epoxide-Anhydride Copolymerization: Application to the Synthesis of Polyethers with Degradable Ester Functions (2022)

The anionic ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides, namely of ethylene oxide (EO), with anhydrides (AH) generally produces strictly alternating copolymers. With triethylborane (TEB)-assisted ROCOP of EO with AH, statistical copolymers of high molar mass including ether and ester units could be obtained. In the presence of TEB, the reactivity ratio of EO (<i>r</i><sub>EO</sub>), which is normally equal to 0 in its absence, could be progressively raised to values lower than 1 or higher than 1. Conditions were even found to obtain <i>r</i><sub>EO</sub> equal or close to 1. Samples of P(EO-<i>co</i>-ester) with minimal compositional drift could be synthesized; upon basic degradation of their ester linkages, these samples afforded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) diol samples of narrow molar mass distribution. In other cases where <i>r</i><sub>EO</sub> were lower or higher than 1, the PEO diol samples eventually isolated after degradation exhibited a broader distribution of molar masses because of the compositional drift of initial P(EO-<i>co</i>-ester) samples.
Software-defined network virtualization: an architectural framework for integrating SDN and NFV for service provisioning in future networks (2016)

SDN and NFV are two significant innovations in networking. The evolution of both SDN and NFV has shown strong synergy between these two paradigms. Recent research efforts have been made toward combining SDN and NFV to fully exploit the advantages of both technologies. However, integrating SDN and NFV is challenging due to the variety of intertwined network elements involved and the complex interaction among them. In this article, we attempt to tackle this challenging problem by presenting an architectural framework called SDNV. This framework offers a clear holistic vision of integrating key principles of both SDN and NFV into unified network architecture, and provides guidelines for synthesizing research efforts toward combining SDN and NFV in future networks. Based on this framework, we also discuss key technical challenges to realizing SDN-NFV integration and identify some important topics for future research, with a hope to arouse the research community's interest in this emerging area.
Risk factors of cervical neoplasia in a low income sector under control program in a developing country (2009)

1545 Background: There are a high number of risk factors (RF) in cervical neoplasias, most of them related with human papilloma virus infection: women with history of multiple sex partners (MSP), with early onset of sexual intercourse (EOSI),and non-previous cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear (NPAP).Objective: To determine the presence of RF in the studied population, the frecuency and types of lesions found, and the correlation between non-previous pap smear and underlying pathology. Methods: The population included in the study were 14,021 patients from institutions of public (PU) (n = 7523) and private (PRI) (n = 6499) sectors in the province of Tucumán–the average age being 34 and 43 years old, respectively–studied between 2007 and 2008, in a routine screening for CC with Pap testing. Both sectors include mostly low income people with none or limited health insurance. All testings were performed under methodologic norms of a CC Detection Program. The RF analized were: NPAP, EOSI, and MSP. Cervical lesions were studied with Bethesda System 2001. The statistic applied was the exploratory analysis. Results: NPAP in PU n = 4562 (75.76%), PRI n = 3247 (81.66%). EOSI with mean age being in PU 17 years old (sD 3.55) and PRI 19 (sD 5.33).MSP above 4 partners PU n= 482 (6.55%) PRI n= 161 (2.75%).Frecuency of LSIL in PU n= 30 (0,40%) PRI n = 50 (0.80%).HSIL in PU n = 29 (0.39%) PRI n = 28 (0.45%).Ca INV in PU n = 6 (0.08%) PRI n = 3 (0.05%). ASCUS in PU n = 24 (0.32%) PRI n = 10 (0.16%). Asociation between NPAP and cervical pathology was found p = 0.024 &lt; 0.05 given that 100/142 (70.42%) patients with lesion had NPAP and 42/142 (29.57%) paitents had previous Pap. Conclusions: The results in this sample indicate low Pap coverture is mantained in PU and PRI sectors and the need to approach the population under 20 years old in Tucuman, Argentina, to prevent CC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.