gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated Mast Cells Increase the Level of Endothelin-1 mRNA in Cocultured Endothelial Cells and Degrade the Secreted Peptide (2002)

Subendothelial mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation, in atherosclerosis, and in the regulation of vascular tone. Because endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an important regulator of vascular tone and has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we studied the role of mast cells in the metabolism of endothelial cell-derived ET-1. In mast cell-endothelial cell cocultures, activation of the mast cells with ensuing degranulation was accompanied by the increased expression of ET-1 mRNA in the endothelial cells, yet the immunoreactive ET-1 protein in the coculture medium disappeared almost completely during the 24-hour coculture. Activation of the mast cells with the ensuing degranulation resulted in proteolytic degradation of ET-1 by the 2 neutral proteases, chymase and carboxypeptidase A, of the exocytosed mast cell granules. With synthetic ET-1 and purified mast cell granule enzymes, efficient degradation of ET-1 by chymase and carboxypeptidase A was verified. These in vitro results imply a novel role for mast cell-derived neutral proteases in ET-1 metabolism and suggest that activated subendothelial mast cells are important local regulators of ET-1 metabolism.
Functional Analysis of Encapsulated Hepatic Progenitor Cells (2006)

A major challenge in developing therapies based on progenitor or stem cell populations (from sources other than bone marrow) involves developing a mode to deliver these cells in a manner that optimizes their viability, engraftment, proliferation, and differentiation. We have previously isolated a hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) population from adult liver tissue that differentiates into hepatic and biliary cell subtypes. We postulated that, using electrostatic encapsulation, we could reproducibly generate an ex vivo environment for the HPCs. We also theorized that this approach would foster cellular viability and function of the progenitor cell population. Using this encapsulation process, we consistently produced beads with uniform diameters between 200 and 700 microm. In vitro analysis of the encapsulated beads demonstrated extended periods of viability and function based on albumin production, urea metabolism, and glycogen storage. In conclusion, HPC encapsulation fosters the subsequent differentiation of HPCs into functional cells while maintaining their viability in long-term culture. These results demonstrate the efficacy of this method using somatic-derived progenitor cell populations and pave the way for clinical therapies.
In‐situ‐Nachweis transienter Phänomene bei Reaktionen an Zeolithkatalysatoren mit Hilfe der Positronenemission (1996)

Reaktanten‐ und Produktkonzentrationen in einem Durchflußreaktor direkt zu bestimmen gelingt mit der hier vorgestellten Technik, die auf der Messung der beim Positronenzerfall von 11 C gebildeten γ‐Photonen beruht. Dies wird an der technisch sehr wichtigen Hydroisomerisierung von n ‐Hexan an einem Pt/H‐Mordenit‐Katalysator gezeigt. Dabei konnte unter anderem geklärt werden, welche Prozesse bei der Vorkonditionierung des Platins und bei der Katalysatordesaktivierung ablaufen.
A parametric-CFD study for heat transfer and fluid flow in a rotor-stator system (2014)

This study considers the turbulent heat transfer in the air-gap of an enclosed rotor-stator system subjected to the prescribed wall temperature. The aim is to improve the thermal performance of this discoidal system, and to do so a new cooling solution is investigated with holes introduced in the rotor. Multiple reference frame (MRF) and sliding mesh (SM) techniques are employed to model the rotor-stator interaction. The heat transfer rate and flow characteristics were calculated for the rotational Reynolds number 2.50x10(4) <= Re=Omega R-2/upsilon <= 2.50x10(5) and the air-gap ratio 0.00667 <= G = s/R <= 0.02667. The results reveal that the addition of the holes in the rotor is advantageous for the heat transfer and it can increase the heat transfer rate in the stator up to 25%.
Impaction grafting with a bone-graft substitute in a sheep model of revision hip replacement (2008)

An experimental sheep model was used for impaction allografting of 12 hemiarthroplasty femoral components placed into two equal-sized groups. In group 1, a 50:50 mixture of ApaPore hydroxyapatite bone-graft substitute and allograft was used. In group 2, ApaPore and allograft were mixed in a 90:10 ratio. Both groups were killed at six months. Ground reaction force results demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two groups at 8, 16 and 24 weeks post-operatively, and all animals remained active. The mean bone turnover rates were significantly greater in group 1, at 0.00206 mm/day, compared to group 2 at 0.0013 mm/day (p < 0.05). The results for the area of new bone formation demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups in thickness of the cement mantle (p > 0.05) and percentage ApaPore-bone contact (p > 0.05). The results of this animal study demonstrated that a mixture of ApaPore allograft in a 90:10 ratio was comparable to using a 50:50 mixture.
Application experience and new approaches for volatile corrosion inhibitors (2015)

The efficiency and service life of a wide range of volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) are summarized and discussed.Important data, related to experiences in application of these VCIs, during last 10 years, is presented.It is shown that in most cases ferrous, non-ferrous, and multimetal VCI films, diffusers, and plastic strips make it possible to achieve a high efficiency of corrosion protection of metal parts and equipment during storage, shipping, and application of a wide range of spare parts and equipment in various industries.The existing and new VCI systems presented in this paper allow us to select the most effective type of metal preservation, based on different application conditions with required service life.New methods allow for a range of VCI applications to be reliably extended into new areas of applications, which are described.These existing and new technologies increase efficiency and service life and decrease the total cost of corrosion protection in Oil & Gas, Military, Automotive, Electronic, Electrical, and other industrial sectors.
Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for Dendritic-Polymer Solutions (1999)

Vapor−liquid equilibria for dendritic-polymer solutions were obtained using a classic gravimetric-sorption method; the amount of solvent absorbed by the dendrimer was measured as a function of solvent vapor pressure. Three series of dendrimers, each with the same tertiary amine core structure, but different surface groups, were investigated in a variety of organic solvents in the range 50−75 °C. The dendrimer surface groups were dodecylamines, octadecyl amides, and polyisobutylene. Solvent absorption depends strongly on dendrimer composition and generation number.
A Cobalt‐Based Amorphous Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water‐Splitting Evolved from a Single‐Source Lazulite Cobalt Phosphate (2019)

Abstract Over the years, cobalt phosphates (amorphous or crystalline) have been projected as one of the most significant and promising classes of nonprecious catalysts and studied exclusively for the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, their successful utilization of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the reaction of overall water‐splitting is rather unexplored. Herein, presented is a crystalline cobalt phosphate, Co 3 (OH) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 , structurally related to the mineral lazulite, as an efficient precatalyst for OER, HER, and water electrolysis in alkaline media. During both electrochemical OER and HER, the Co 3 (OH) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 nanostructure was completely transformed in situ into porous amorphous CoO x (OH) films that mediate efficient OER and HER with extremely low overpotentials of only 182 and 87 mV, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 . When assemble as anode and cathode in a two‐electrode alkaline electrolyzer, unceasing durability over 10 days is achieved with a final cell voltage of 1.54 V, which is superior to the recently reported effective bifunctional electrocatalysts. The strategy to achieve more active sites for oxygen and hydrogen generation via in situ oxidation or reduction from a well‐defined inorganic material provides an opportunity to develop cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy technologies.
Imprinting high-gradient topographical structures onto optical surfaces using magnetorheological finishing: manufacturing corrective optical elements for high-power laser applications (2016)

Corrective optical elements form an important part of high-precision optical systems. We have developed a method to manufacture high-gradient corrective optical elements for high-power laser systems using deterministic magnetorheological finishing (MRF) imprinting technology. Several process factors need to be considered for polishing ultraprecise topographical structures onto optical surfaces using MRF. They include proper selection of MRF removal function and wheel sizes, detailed MRF tool and interferometry alignment, and optimized MRF polishing schedules. Dependable interferometry also is a key factor in high-gradient component manufacture. A wavefront attenuating cell, which enables reliable measurement of gradients beyond what is attainable using conventional interferometry, is discussed. The results of MRF imprinting a 23 μm deep structure containing gradients over 1.6 μm / mm onto a fused-silica window are presented as an example of the technique's capabilities. This high-gradient element serves as a thermal correction plate in the high-repetition-rate advanced petawatt laser system currently being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Surveillance de la grippe dans les pays membres du réseau européen European Influenza Surveillance Scheme d'octobre 2000 à avril 2001. (2002)

Le système de surveillance de la grippe en Europe, baptisé "European Influenza Surveillance Scheme" (EISS), est opérationnel sous sa forme actuelle depuis 1996. Les objectifs de EISS sont les suivants: 1/ faciliter l'échange rapide d'informations sur l'activité grippale obtenues grâce aux médecins sentinelles et aux laboratoires de virologie; 2/ combiner les données médicales et virologiques provenant de la même population; 3/ fournir aux autorités nationales et européennes et à l’Organisation mondiale de la santé une description de la situation de la grippe en Europe de façon continue; 4/ contribuer à la détermination de la composition vaccinale et 5/ aider chaque réseau national à fournir une information de très grande qualité, basée, si possible, sur des indicateurs standardisés et comparables à l’échelon européen. EISS bénéficie du soutien financier de la DG SANCO/F4 de l'Union européenne depuis 1999. Nous décrivons ici les résultats enregistrés pendant l'hiver 2000-2001, marqués principalement par des cas d’infection grippale de type A (H1N1), suivis de cas d’infection par le virus grippal de type B, forme la plus fréquente dans certains pays. Dans la plupart des pays couverts par EISS, les pics des taux de morbidité étaient inférieurs à ceux enregistrés durant la saison précédente (1999-2000), ce qui illustre une activité grippale modérée.
Assessment of the Food Habits of the Moroccan Dorcas Gazelle in M’Sabih Talaa, West Central Morocco, Using the trnL Approach (2012)

Food habits of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas massaesyla, previously investigated in the 1980s using microhistological fecal analysis, in the M'Sabih Talaa Reserve, west central Morocco, were re-evaluated over three seasons (spring, summer and autumn 2009) using the trnL approach to determine the diet composition and its seasonal variation from fecal samples. Taxonomic identification was carried out using the identification originating from the database built from EMBL and the list of plant species within the reserve. The total taxonomic richness in the reserve was 130 instead of 171 species in the 1980s. The diet composition revealed to be much more diversified (71 plant taxa belonging to 57 genus and 29 families) than it was 22 years ago (29 identified taxa). Thirty-four taxa were newly identified in the diet while 13 reported in 1986-87 were not found. Moroccan dorcas gazelle showed a high preference to Acacia gummifera, Anagallis arvensis, Glebionis coronaria, Cladanthus arabicus, Diplotaxis tenuisiliqua, Erodium salzmannii, Limonium thouini, Lotus arenarius and Zizyphus lotus. Seasonal variations occurred in both number (40-41 taxa in spring-summer and 49 taxa in autumn vs. respectively 23-22 and 26 in 1986-1987) and taxonomic type of eaten plant taxa. This dietary diversification could be attributed either to the difference in methods of analysis, trnL approach having a higher taxonomic resolution, or a potential change in nutritional quality of plants over time.
Hormonal Influences on Airway Biology and Naphthalene‐ Mediated Clara Cell Injury (2008)

Women have a greater chance of developing adult onset asthma, COPD, and some forms of lung cancer than men. Naphthalene (NA), a bioactivated cytotoxicant, is used to model distal Clara cell airway injury and repair. Our laboratory has shown that female mice are more sensitive than male mice to NA toxicity. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the role of hormones in normal airway biology and in NA mediated injury. This was achieved by 1) measuring estrogen receptors (ESR) gene expression by RT PCR in airways by estrus cycle stage, 2) measuring glutathione levels in airways by cycle stage, and 3) comparing airway damage in response to NA in intact vs. gonadectomized animals. Airway level specific responses were defined in microdissected airways. In comparison to non‐cycling mice, ESR expression was decreased in both diestrus and proestrus and increased in the estrus phase of the cycle. Glutathione levels were decreased in the airways of mice during diestrus and metestrus compared to male mice. Depletion of glutathione within the Clara cell plays a major role in NA cytotoxity. Confocal microscopy of microdissected airways as well as high resolution resin sections showed less extensive injury in ovariectomized mice compared to intact female mice. These findings support the hypothesis that sex differences in lung injury are influenced by hormones. Funded by NIH grants ES012720, HL007013‐29, and TRDRP 14RT‐0191.
The Integrated Basin-Scale Opportunity Assessment Initiative, FY 2011 Year-End Report: Deschutes Basin Preliminary Hydropower Opportunity Assessment. Draft Report (2011)

This document reports on first-year progress of the Integrated Basin-Scale Opportunity Assessment Initiative, an action item of the March 24, 2010 Sustainable Hydropower Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Bureau of Reclamation. As envisioned in the MOU, an integrated basin-scale opportunity assessment would take a system-scale approach to identifying opportunities and actions to both increase hydropower and enhance environmental conditions within the context of existing water uses in river basins of the United States. Assessments are intended to be collaborative processes that work with stakeholders at the basin scale to identify hydropower and environmental opportunity scenarios. Opportunity scenarios are analyzed, again in collaboration with stakeholders, through modeling and visualization software to assess tradeoffs and system-scale effects. Opportunity assessments are not intended to produce decisional documents or substitute for basin planning processes; assessments are instead intended to provide tools, information, and a forum for catalyzing conversation about scenarios where environmental and hydropower gains can both be realized within a given basin. In fiscal year 2011, DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Water Power Team provided funding to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Argonne National Laboratory to develop an assessment approach and toolbox, and carry out an initial pilot opportunity assessment. In February 2011, the Upper Deschutes/Crooked River Basin in central Oregon was selected as the pilot basin. Through establishment of stakeholder working groups, a technical site visit, a series of interviews, a stakeholder workshop, and identification of existing tools and data sets, initial opportunities have been identified and analytical tools selected to explore opportunity scenarios. This report documents project progress to date, describes the opportunity assessment approach, and establishes an agenda for analysis of stakeholder-identified opportunities in fiscal year 2012. Findings presented here are preliminary; the final Deschutes Basin pilot study report will be submitted at the end of fiscal year 2012.
A telemetry and interface circuit for piezoelectric sensors (2003)

In this paper we present a design for a two-wire telemetry and signal conditioning circuit for piezoelectric sensors. The telemetry system uses an on-chip voltage regulator as part of the signal-vs-supply filter. We also introduce a new shielded-base bipolar opamp design that exploits the properties of both MOS and bipolar transistors. The new design results in 10/spl times/ reduction in power for a 10 dB reduction in signal-to-noise ratio. For this design the bandwidth of interest is 10 kHz to 1 MHz and the sensor capacitance size is 100 pF.
Performance of a lead radiator, gas tube calorimeter (1989)

The design and performance of a 4.2-radiation-length, lead-sandwich, gas tube hodoscope are discussed. The device, measuring 1*2 m/sup 2/ in area and 12 cm in depth, was used in Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory experiment 705. Multiple samplings of anode wires situated within three-walled aluminum tubes were used to generate an X coordinate; similarly, capacitively coupled copper-clad strips were ganged together to yield a Y coordinate. The results reviewed of an analysis of electron calibration data taken during a recent six-month running period are reviewed. The position resolution (in millimeters) is seen to be 0.8+3.3/ square root E+31/E for the 9.92 mm-spaced wires and 0.6+3.2/ square root E+32 for the 12.5-mm strips, where E represents the electron beam energy in GeV. The correlation between energy as measured by the wires and energy as measured by the strips is fairly tight, with an asymmetry RMS (root mean square) for 30-GeV electrons of about 4%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design of Pt/Carbon Xerogel Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells (2015)

The design of efficient catalytic layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) requires the preparation of highly-loaded and highly-dispersed Pt/C catalysts. During the last few years, our work focused on the preparation of Pt/carbon xerogel electrocatalysts, starting from simple impregnation techniques that were further optimized via the strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method to reach high dispersion and a high metal weight fraction. The SEA method, which consists of the optimization of the precursor/support electrostatic impregnation through an adequate choice of the impregnation pH with regard to the support surface chemistry, leads to very well-dispersed Pt/C samples with a maximum 8 wt.% Pt after drying and reduction under H2. To increase the metal loading, the impregnation-drying-reduction cycle of the SEA method can be repeated several times, either with fresh Pt precursor solution or with the solution recycled from the previous cycle. In each case, a high dispersion (Pt particle size ~3 nm) is obtained. Finally, the procedure can be simplified by combination of the SEA technique with dry impregnation, leading to no Pt loss during the procedure.
Understanding formation of photonic bandgap edge for maximum propagation angle in all-solid photonic bandgap fibers (2011)

We propose a simple formula that gives the effective refractive index of the first-order photonic bandgap (PBG) edge for the maximum propagation angle, which corresponds to the PBG floor in all-solid photonic bandgap fibers (PBGFs). In particular, based on an antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) theory incorporating a phase relation between resonant modes in low-index regions for perpendicular direction of the light propagation, we show that the effective index of the PBG edge at a wavelength does not depend on the diameter and refractive index of high-index rods, and is largely determined only by the pitch when normalized rod diameters are small. In other words, it has a constant value for the structural parameters with which the PBG emerges at the same wavelength normalized by the pitch. Moreover, the source of rod-diameter and refractive-index dependences on the condition for the formation of the PBG edge is demonstrated when the diameter and the refractive index of high-index rods are effectively large. Finally, the validity of the proposed simple formula, which can be applied for any structural parameters, is verified with the vectorial solver based on the finite-element method (FEM).
In situ diffraction studies of magnesium silicate liquids (2008)

Primitive MgO–SiO2 liquids dominate the early history of the Earth and Terrestrial planets. The structures of these liquids and structure-dependent properties, such as viscosity and diffusion, are considered important in the evolution of these planets, however, MgO–SiO2 liquids are refractory and do not form glasses easily and it is difficult to measure the structure of these liquids. Container-less synthesis techniques have been used to produce glasses that range in composition from 50 to 33% SiO2, corresponding to the compositions of two important mantle minerals: enstatite and forsterite. The structure of these glasses has been determined using combined neutron and high-energy diffraction and show changes in the short-range order as a function of composition. These changes include a jump in Mg–O coordination number at the limit to the formation of the silicate network in forsterite composition glass. These results imply a similar change in the structure of the liquid. Accordingly, the structures of forsterite and enstatite liquids have been determined using high-energy X-rays and a specialized sample environment, a containerless levitator. The main qualitative structural differences between MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4 glasses are also observed in the melt. Liquid MgSiO3 is interpreted as forming a relatively ‘strong’ network of SiO4 tetrahedra, whereas the Mg2SiO4 liquid is “fragile” and dominated MgOn (n = 4, 5, 6) polyhedra and highly mobile oxygen ions. The results differ significantly from previously reported X-ray diffraction data for liquid MgSiO3.