gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A common cause in the phenomenological and sensorimotor correlates of body ownership (2018)

The feeling that our limbs belong to our body is at the core of bodily self-consciousness. Over the years, limb ownership has been assessed through several types of measurements, including questionnaires and sensorimotor tasks assessing the perceived location of the hand with a visual-proprioceptive conflict. Some studies report a correlation between the phenomenological and sensorimotor measures, whereas others report no relationship. This inconsistency dispels a unified operational definition of limb ownership. We sought to jointly record these two measurements to assess whether they originate from the same process. To that end, we used state-of-the-art hand tracking technology in virtual reality to induce ownership over a virtual limb while we parametrically manipulated spatial and temporal incongruences. Participants reported the subjective ownership and pointed to a target without seeing their hand to assess perceived hand location. Results show a surprisingly tight correlation between phenomenological and sensorimotor measures. We frame limb ownership as a multisensory integration problem, whereby the brain computes the probability that visual and proprioceptive signals have a common cause -- and thus that the visually presented hand belongs to one's body -- and based on this determines the perceived hand location considering the reliability of the sensory signals. The outcome of the computation thus determines both the position of the hand and the strength of the ownership on which the subjective feeling should be based. We show that a Bayesian Causal Inference model closely captures human responses in both tasks, reconciling a fragmented literature and suggesting that body ownership can be well explained by a normative framework that has also been shown to account for a variety of other multisensory phenomena. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
A Rotational Control in Medium-Voltage Modular Solid-State Transformer-Based Converter System (2019)

This paper presents a novel control strategy to significantly reduce the high-frequency transformer loss in a modular solid-state transformer (SST) based converter system. The modular SST design is based on an ac-dc power-electronic building block comprised of an H-bridge at the ac input and a bidirectional soft-switching isolated dc-dc converter with a medium-voltage insulated high-frequency transformer. The ac terminals of input H-bridges are connected in series and directly coupled to the medium-voltage ac line, while the output dc terminals are all connected in parallel at a low voltage. The key innovation described in this paper, without sacrificing the output performance, is the control scheme that reduces core and winding losses associated with the dc-dc resonant stage by turning off the selected dc-dc converters in synchronism with the line voltage. The prototype for the test described in this paper is based on a modular SST where each module is rated at 50 kVA, with a 200 kHz transformer using 1.7 kV silicon carbide discrete mosfets, but the described control concepts are more broadly applicable to similar topologies.
Utilization of Trihalogenated Propanes by <i>Agrobacterium radiobacter</i> AD1 through Heterologous Expression of the Haloalkane Dehalogenase from <i>Rhodococcus</i> sp. Strain m15-3 (1999)

Trihalogenated propanes are toxic and recalcitrant organic compounds. Attempts to obtain pure bacterial cultures able to use these compounds as sole carbon and energy sources were unsuccessful. Both the haloalkane dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 (DhlA) and that from Rhodococcus sp. strain m15-3 (DhaA) were found to dehalogenate trihalopropanes to 2,3-dihalogenated propanols, but the kinetic properties of the latter enzyme are much better. Broad-host-range dehalogenase expression plasmids, based on RSF1010 derivatives, were constructed with the haloalkane dehalogenase from Rhodococcus sp. strain m15-3 under the control of the heterologous promoters P(lac), P(dhlA), and P(trc). The resulting plasmids yielded functional expression in several gram-negative bacteria. A catabolic pathway for trihalopropanes was designed by introducing these broad-host-range dehalogenase expression plasmids into Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1, which has the ability to utilize dihalogenated propanols for growth. The recombinant strain AD1(pTB3), expressing the haloalkane dehalogenase gene under the control of the dhlA promoter, was able to utilize both 1,2,3-tribromopropane and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane as sole carbon sources. Moreover, increased expression of the haloalkane dehalogenase resulted in elevated resistance to trihalopropanes.
TF-Replicator: Distributed Machine Learning for Researchers (2019)

We describe TF-Replicator, a framework for distributed machine learning designed for DeepMind researchers and implemented as an abstraction over TensorFlow. TF-Replicator simplifies writing data-parallel and model-parallel research code. The same models can be effortlessly deployed to different cluster architectures (i.e. one or many machines containing CPUs, GPUs or TPU accelerators) using synchronous or asynchronous training regimes. To demonstrate the generality and scalability of TF-Replicator, we implement and benchmark three very different models: (1) A ResNet-50 for ImageNet classification, (2) a SN-GAN for class-conditional ImageNet image generation, and (3) a D4PG reinforcement learning agent for continuous control. Our results show strong scalability performance without demanding any distributed systems expertise of the user. The TF-Replicator programming model will be open-sourced as part of TensorFlow 2.0 (see https://github.com/tensorflow/community/pull/25).
Compact modeling approach for electro-mechanical system simulation (2017)

This paper presents electro-mechanical systems simulation with compact model based on underlying physics of electrical, mechanical, and coupled electro-mechanical domains. Electromechanical models for pressure-sensor, thin-film actuator, and servo-motor are developed. System performance, such as position, velocity, and acceleration are studied with the developed models which are used to perform the simulation analysis of a walking-robot and a blood transport system for artificial lung development.
Intravenous and Subcutaneous Toxicity and Absorption Kinetics in Mice and Dogs of the Antileishmanial Triterpene Saponin PX-6518 (2013)

The intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) toxicity and absorption kinetics of the antileishmanial triterpene saponin PX-6518 and its active constituents maesabalide-III and -IV were studied in mice and dogs. A high-dose wash-out study of PX-6518 at 20 mg/kg SC for 5 days and a single low-dose wash-out study at 1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg SC and IV with follow-up until day 35 after treatment were performed in mice. Beagle dogs received three escalating doses of maesabalide-III and -IV at weekly intervals (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg IV and maesabalide-III was also dosed SC at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg). Endpoint measurements included clinical, hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Pathology and toxicokinetic studies were performed on the dogs. Whereas the neutrophils and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were increased in the high-dose wash-out mouse study, these parameters did not change in the low-dose wash-out study. The dogs were far more susceptible than mice to liver toxicity (hepatocellular necrosis and elevated liver enzymes) and developed a painful inflammatory reaction at the SC injection site. Toxicokinetic analysis revealed a non dose-linear systemic availability with plasma concentrations above the antileishmanial IC₅₀ after only a single dose at 0.01 mg/kg IV or 0.1 mg/kg SC. Related to the long half-life (T(1/2) 71-91 h after SC dosing), repeated dosing at weekly intervals may result in drug accumulation and enhanced toxicity. It was decided not to pursue further drug development for PX-6518 because of the hepatotoxic risk.
Preparation of Atomically Flat Gold Substrates for AFM Measurements. (2012)

Sample preparation is the most important part of a successful measurement with an atomic force microscope (AFM). While various kinds of substrates are used for that purpose, atomically flat gold proved to possess some advantages, namely chemical inertness against oxygen, stability against radicals and suitability for formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic alkanethiols. Fast and simple preparation procedures to achieve quality atomically flat gold substrates are necessary to achieve reproducible results in high resolution imaging. Here we report an improved technique to produce atomically flat gold in a reliable way. We demonstrate its use on the example of high resolution imaging of single walled carbon nanotubes as test molecules.
Fabrication of diffractive optical elements for an integrated compact optical microelectromechanical system laser scanner (2000)

We describe the microfabrication of a multilevel diffractive optical element (DOE) onto a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) module as a key element in an integrated compact optical-MEMS laser scanner. The DOE is a four-level off-axis microlens fabricated onto a movable polysilicon shuttle. The microlens is patterned by electron beam lithography and etched by reactive-ion-beam etching. The DOE was fabricated on two generations of MEMS components, each of which is briefly described. The compact design of the laser scanner is based on mounting a MEMS module and a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser onto a fused silica substrate that contains the rest of the optical system. The calculated scan range of the system is ±4° with a spot size of 0.5 mm.
Meeting the Challenges of Evidence-Based Practice: Can Mental Health Therapists Evaluate their Practice? (2007)

This cross-sectional study looked at the relationship between mental health therapists’ perception of treatments’ impact and actual change. Twenty-three licensed mental health therapists, providing ‘‘treatment-as-usual’’ to foster children, rated their impact on children’s complaints of depression, anxiety, behavior problems, and self-esteem after 6 months of treatment. Actual change was measured by taking the difference from preand posttreatment on standardized instruments: Children’s Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Child Behavior Checklist, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Of the 23 therapists surveyed, only a single therapist on a single outcome variable negatively evaluated the efficacy of their practice. No correlation was found between the therapists’ perceptions of client’s progress and actual child’s outcomes. Mental health therapists are unable to subjectively evaluate their own practice accurately. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 7:184–193 (2007)]
Noise-induced servo errors in optical clocks utilizing Rabi interrogation (2023)

Abstract We show that in optical clocks based on Rabi interrogation, both laser-frequency and magnetic-field flicker ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:math> ) noise with zero mean can lead to servo errors at the 10 −18 level if the negative-detuning (red) and positive-detuning (blue) sides of the transition are always probed in the same order. This is due to the strong correlations of flicker noise in combination with an imbalance in the response of the servo discriminator to positive and negative differential frequency noise between the red- and blue-side probing. This imbalance is particularly large for a normalized discriminator. We derive an analytical expression for the servo error based on the correlation function of the laser-frequency or magnetic-field noise and compare it to numerical servo simulations to demonstrate how the error depends on the noise level, servo parameters, and probing sequence. We also show that the servo error can be avoided by normalizing the discriminator with a moving mean or by reversing the red/blue probing order for every second servo cycle.
Biocatalytic Release of an Anticancer Drug from Nucleic-Acids-Capped Mesoporous SiO<sub>2</sub> Using DNA or Molecular Biomarkers as Triggering Stimuli (2013)

DNA-gated mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles, MP-SiO2 NPs, loaded with rhodamine B, RhB, act as "smart" materials that reveal complementary "sense" and "release" functionalities. The unlocking of the DNA pore-capping units is achieved by the biocatalytic cleavage of the DNA, and the unlocking process is amplified by the regeneration of the analyte-trigger. The RhB-loaded MP-SiO2 NPs are capped with nucleic acid hairpin structures that lock the RhB in the pores. Opening of the hairpin structures by a nucleic acid analyte trigger or by the formation of an aptamer-substrate (ATP) complex leads to the formation of duplex structures being cleaved by exonuclease III, Exo III, or the nicking enzyme, Nb. BbvCI. This results in the regeneration of the target analytes, the autonomous unlocking of the pores, and the release of RhB. The systems reveal selectivity, and one-, two-, three-base mutations in the target DNA, or substitution of ATP with other triphosphate nucleotides, prohibit the unlocking of the pores. In analogy to the biocatalytic release of the model fluorophore substrates, the anticancer drug camptothecin, CPT, was entrapped in the pores and locked by the 1 or 11 hairpin structures. The drug was released from the pores in the presence of the nucleic acid 2 or ATP and the Exo III, as biocatalyst. Similarly, CPT locked in the pores by the 6 or 12 hairpins were released from the pores in the presence of ATP and Nb. BbvCI, as nicking enzyme, respectively. The effects of the CPT-loaded MP-SiO2 NPs, capped with the ATP-dependent lock 6, on the viability of MDA-231 breast cancer cells and MCF-10a normal breast cells were examined. We find that after 48 h, 65% cell death was observed for the MDA-231 cancer cells, where only 25% cell death was observed for the normal cells. The higher cell death of the cancer cells correlates well with the enhanced metabolic synthesis of ATP in the cancerous cells.
Acquisition of open-domain classes via intersective semantics (2014)

A weakly-supervised method acquires fine-grained class labels that do not occur verbatim in the input data or underlying text collection. The method generates more specific class labels (gold mining companies listed on the toronto stock exchange) that capture the semantics of the underlying classes, out of pairs of input class labels (companies listed on the toronto stock exchange, gold mining companies) available for an instance (Golden Star Resources). When applied to Wikipedia articles and their categories, the method generates new categories for existing articles, and expands existing categories with additional articles.
Field performance of an all-semiconductor laser coherent Doppler lidar (2012)

We implement and test what, to our knowledge, is the first deployable coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) system based on a compact, inexpensive all-semiconductor laser (SL). To demonstrate the field performance of our SL-CDL remote sensor, we compare a 36 h time series of averaged radial wind speeds measured by our instrument at an 80 m distance to those simultaneously obtained from an industry-standard sonic anemometer (SA). An excellent degree of correlation (R2=0.994 and slope=0.996) is achieved from a linear regression analysis of the CDL versus SA wind speed data. The lidar system is capable of providing high data availability, ranging from 85% to 100% even under varying outdoor (temperature and humidity) conditions during the test period. We also show the use of our SL-CDL for monitoring the dependence of aerosol backscatter on relative humidity. This work points to the feasibility of a more general class of low-cost, portable remote sensors based on all-SL emitters for applications that require demanding laser stability and coherence.
Pharmacological characterization of a recently described human beta 3-adrenergic receptor mutant. (1996)

The beta 3-adrenergic receptor is the predominant subtype of beta-adrenergic receptor expressed in adipose tissue. Recently, a naturally occurring mutation in the human beta 3-receptor gene has been described which results in substitution of the tryptophan residue at position 64 in the first intracellular loop with an arginine residue. The polymorphism, which is prevalent in the human population, has been associated with increases in some parameters of obesity and Type II diabetes. In order to characterize the pharmacological effects of this amino acid substitution, the W64R mutation was made in the human beta 3 receptor gene and the resulting mutant receptor expressed in CHO cells. Activation by various agonists showed no significant differences (t-test, P > 0.05) between the wild type and mutant receptors. These studies show that, when expressed in a heterologous system, the W64R mutant receptor is pharmacologically and functionally indistinguishable from the wild type beta 3-adrenergic receptor.
Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation on Human Lower Back Region (2021)

In this paper a simulation study is conducted on lower back region of human phantom to observe the absorption of electromagnetic (EM) radiation. To investigate the effectiveness, EM radiation with different frequencies (1-100 GHz) is administrated step by step in different tissue thickness (up to 25 mm) of lower back region of human phantom and using EM simulator HFSS, return loss (RL) is recorded at every stage. From the results, it is found that when radiation with frequency 0.899 GHz to 1. 089 GHz (~1 GHz) is applied return loss is varies from 0.413 dB to 1.022 dB in different thicknesses. This indicates that only 1.1 % of the incident power is absorbed maximally. When radiation of 9.899 GHz to 10.099 GHz (~10 GHz) frequency is applied, the return loss value obtained is 6.731 dB to 6.280 dB for different tissue thicknesses. This indicates that only 10.1 % power is absorbed maximally. Finally, when radiation with frequency 99.899 GHz to 100.1 GHz (~ 0.1 THz) is applied, the return loss value is found ranging from 26.902 dB to 26.429 dB in different thicknesses which indicates that almost 99.9% of the incident radiation is absorbed by the human tissue i.e. almost 100% of the incident radiation is absorbed in human lower back region in THz range. From therapeutic point of view, almost the entire incident radiation is attenuated to the lower back region with THz radiation which is clinically very useful in treating chronic low back pain.
Cost function tuning improves muscle force estimation computed by static optimization during walking (2011)

Muscle force estimation while a dynamic motor task is carried out still presents open questions. In particular, concerning locomotion, although the inverse dynamic based static optimization has been widely accepted as a suitable method to obtain reliable results, appropriate modifications of the object function may improve results. This paper was aimed at analyzing the sensitivity of estimated muscle forces when modifications of the objective function are adopted to better fit EMG signals of healthy subjects. A 7 links and 9 degrees of freedom biomechanical model accounting for 14 lower limb muscles, grouped in 9 equivalent actuators, was developed. Muscle forces were estimated by using the inverse dynamic based static optimization in which the performance criteria was the sum of muscle stresses raised to a certain n power. This exponent was gradually changed (from 2 to 100) and the agreement between force patterns and EMG signals was estimated by both the correlation coefficient and the Coactivation Index. Results suggested that force estimation can be improved by slightly modifying the cost function. In particular, with respect to adopted data, when the exponent belong to the interval between 2.75 and 4, estimated forces better captured general features of EMG signals. Concluding, a more reliable solution can be obtained by suitably tuning the cost function in order to fit EMG signals.
RST Discourse Treebank (2002)

<h3>Introduction</h3><br> Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) Discourse Treebank was developed by researchers at the Information Sciences Institute (University of Southern California), the US Department of Defense and the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC). It consists of 385 Wall Street Journal articles from the <a href="http://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC99T42" rel="nofollow">Penn Treebank</a> annotated with discourse structure in the RST framework along with human-generated extracts and abstracts associated with the source documents. <br> In the RST framework (Mann and Thompson, 1988), a text's discourse structure can be represented as a tree in four aspects: (1) the leaves correspond to text fragments called <em>elementary discourse units</em> (the mininal discourse units); (2) the internal nodes of the tree correspond to contiguous text <em>spans</em>; (3) each node is characterized by its <em>nuclearity</em>, or essential unit of information; and (4) each node is also characterized by a <em>rhetorical relation</em> between two or more non-overlapping, adjacent text spans.&nbsp; <br> <h3>Data</h3><br> The data in this release is divided into a training set (347 documents) and a test set (38 documents). All annotations were produced using a discourse annotation tool that can be downloaded from <a href="http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/discourse" rel="nofollow">http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/discourse</a>. <br> Human-generated material in the corpus includes (1) long and short abstracts for 30 documents that were intended to convey the essential information and the main topic of the article, respectively; and (2) long, short and informative extracts for 180 documents, some of which were created from scratch and some of which were derived from the humanly-producted abstracts indicated above. <br> <h3>Samples</h3><br> Please view this <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2002T07.txt">sample</a>. <br> <h3>Updates</h3><br> There are no updates at this time. </br> Portions © 1987-1989 Dow Jones & Company, Inc., © 1995, 1999, 2002 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
Cloning, expression and decoding of the cold adaptation of a new widely represented thermolabile subtilisin-like protease (2012)

This work reports a new cold-adapted protease with a vast representation amongst Antarctic genus, suggesting therefore its evolutionary success in this cold environment. Likewise, important sites for genetic potentiation have been identified, which are extrapolated to other enzymes of the same kind.