gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photodecarboxylation. A labeling study. Mechanistic studies in photochemistry. 15 (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotodecarboxylation. A labeling study. Mechanistic studies in photochemistry. 15Richard S. Givens, Bogdan Matuszewski, Nissim Levi, and David LeungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 6, 1896–1903Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00448a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00448a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neurogenesis: Role for microRNAs and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Pathological States (2010)

Implantation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat neural disorders shows promise. Depending on their microenvironment, MSCs could potentially be used for the repair and/or replacement of neurons in traumatic brain injury or the treatment of Parkinson's disease. This cross-disciplinary review incorporates aspects of neuroscience, stem cell biology, cancer biology and immunology to discuss interactions between inflammatory mediators and MSCs. We first discuss the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in neurological development. Secondly, we discuss the ability of MSCs to transdifferentiate into functional neurons, which are regulated by miRNAs, and the implications of these cells for the therapy of neuropathological states. The administration of effective and safe MSC therapy must acknowledge immune mediators that may predispose the early differentiating MSCs to oncogenic insults. Thus, we discuss a key gene, RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), based on its dual role in neurogenesis and cancer development. Immune mediators could be central to MSC responses within a region of tissue injury and are also discussed in detail. Exploring the predisposition of MSCs to oncogenesis is critical for translational science since the implementation of safeguarding measures prior to therapy can lead to the successful delivery of stem cells to patients. The method by which MSCs could be applied for future therapies might require trans-disciplinary approaches for personalized treatments.
Method development estimating ambient oxidized mercury concentration from monitored mercury wet deposition (2013)

Abstract. To quantify mercury dry deposition, the Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) was established recently to monitor the speciated atmospheric mercury (i.e. gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particulate-bound mercury (PBM)). However, the spatial coverage of AMNet is far less than the long-established Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) for wet deposition monitoring. The present study describes the first attempt linking ambient concentration of the oxidized mercury (GOM + PBM) with wet deposition aiming to estimate GOM + PBM roughly at locations and/or times where such measurement is not available but where wet deposition is monitored. The beta distribution function is used to describe the distribution of GOM + PBM and is used to predict GOM + PBM from monitored wet deposition. The mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and skewness of the fitted beta distribution parameters were generated using data collected in 2009 at multiple monitoring superstations. The established beta distribution function from the 2009 GOM + PBM data is used to construct a model that predicts GOM + PBM from wet deposition data. The model is validated using 2010 data at multiple stations, and the predicted monthly GOM + PBM concentrations agree reasonably well with measurements. The model has many potential applications after further improvements and validation using different data sets.
The Bayesian Decoding of Force Stimuli from Slowly Adapting Type I Fibers in Humans (2016)

It is well known that signals encoded by mechanoreceptors facilitate precise object manipulation in humans. It is therefore of interest to study signals encoded by the mechanoreceptors because this will contribute further towards the understanding of fundamental sensory mechanisms that are responsible for coordinating force components during object manipulation. From a practical point of view, this may suggest strategies for designing sensory-controlled biomedical devices and robotic manipulators. We use a two-stage nonlinear decoding paradigm to reconstruct the force stimulus given signals from slowly adapting type one (SA-I) tactile afferents. First, we describe a nonhomogeneous Poisson encoding model which is a function of the force stimulus and the force's rate of change. In the decoding phase, we use a recursive nonlinear Bayesian filter to reconstruct the force profile, given the SA-I spike patterns and parameters described by the encoding model. Under the current encoding model, the mode ratio of force to its derivative is: 1.26 to 1.02. This indicates that the force derivative contributes significantly to the rate of change to the SA-I afferent spike modulation. Furthermore, using recursive Bayesian decoding algorithms is advantageous because it can incorporate past and current information in order to make predictions--consistent with neural systems--with little computational resources. This makes it suitable for interfacing with prostheses.
Isolation of circulating tumor cells in a preclinical model of osteosarcoma: Effect of chemotherapy (2018)

Osteosarcoma is a rare primary bone tumor, which mainly affects children and adolescents and has a poor prognosis, especially for patients with metastatic disease. A poor therapeutic response to the conventional chemotherapy is observed with the development of lung metastases, highlighting the need for improving the current regimens and the identification of early markers of the recurrent and metastatic disease. Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) play a key role in the metastatic process and could be powerful biomarkers of the progressive disease. The present study aimed to isolate CTCs by using a pre-clinical model of human osteosarcoma and to monitor their kinetic of release and their modulation by ifosfamide. CTCs were detectable into the bloodstream before any palpable primary tumors. Ifosfamide increased CTCs count and in contrast decreased the number of lung tumor nodules. On established tumors, ifosfamide slowed down the tumour growth and did not modulate CTC count that could be explained by a release of cancer cells from the primary tumour with reduced properties for inducing lung metastases. This report highlights the biological interest of CTCs in osteosarcoma.
Ectopic Expression of cdc2/cdc28 Kinase Subunit<i>Homo sapiens</i>1 Uncouples Cyclin B Metabolism from the Mitotic Spindle Cell Cycle Checkpoint (1998)

Primary human fibroblasts arrest growth in response to the inhibition of mitosis by mitotic spindle-depolymerizing drugs. We show that the mechanism of mitotic arrest is transient and implicates a decrease in the expression of cdc2/cdc28 kinase subunit Homo sapiens 1 (CKsHs1) and a delay in the metabolism of cyclin B. Primary human fibroblasts infected with a retroviral vector that drives the expression of a mutant p53 protein failed to downregulate CKsHs1 expression, degraded cyclin B despite the absence of chromosomal segregation, and underwent DNA endoreduplication. In addition, ectopic expression of CKsHs1 interfered with the control of cyclin B metabolism by the mitotic spindle cell cycle checkpoint and resulted in a higher tendency to undergo DNA endoreduplication. These results demonstrate that an altered regulation of CKsHs1 and cyclin B in cells that carry mutant p53 undermines the mitotic spindle cell cycle checkpoint and facilitates the development of aneuploidy. These data may contribute to the understanding of the origin of heteroploidy in mutant p53 cells.
Infinite-length pilot aided equalization (2010)

A single carrier pilot-assisted transmission scheme is considered in this letter. Specifically, we focus on the case of synchronous transmission where one pilot symbol is periodically inserted in the transmitted sequence on a time-division multiplexing basis. A new equalization scheme, where the knowledge of pilot symbols is exploited by the equalizer to generate an estimate of the noise affecting the symbol to be detected, is introduced and analyzed. The criterion used to compute the equalizer coefficients is the minimization of the mean-square error (MSE). The main result of our analysis is that the optimal pilot aided equalizer (PAE) can be decomposed as the cascade of a minimum MSE (MMSE) linear equalizer (LE) and a data-aided noise estimation filter. This result completes and extends the noise-predictive view of decision feedback equalization to general data-aided equalization. The performance of the proposed PAE is compared to that of theMMSE-LE and that of theMMSE decision feedback equalizer both for static and for fading channels.
ChemInform Abstract: Antagonists of NMDA and Non‐NMDA Receptors in Cerebral Ischemia (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Serverless Predictions: 2021-2030 (2021)

Within the next 10 years, advances on resource disaggregation will enable full transparency for most Cloud applications: to run unmodified single-machine applications over effectively unlimited remote computing resources. In this article, we present five serverless predictions for the next decade that will realize this vision of transparency -- equivalent to Tim Wagner's Serverless SuperComputer or AnyScale's Infinite Laptop proposals.
Figures S1-S6, Tables S1 - S3 from Theranostic Targeting of CUB Domain Containing Protein 1 (CDCP1) in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental methods, figures, and tables&lt;/p&gt;
Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells (2017)

The efficiencies of perovskite solar cells have gone from single digits to a certified 22.1% in a few years' time. At this stage of their development, the key issues concern how to achieve further improvements in efficiency and long-term stability. We review recent developments in the quest to improve the current state of the art. Because photocurrents are near the theoretical maximum, our focus is on efforts to increase open-circuit voltage by means of improving charge-selective contacts and charge carrier lifetimes in perovskites via processes such as ion tailoring. The challenges associated with long-term perovskite solar cell device stability include the role of testing protocols, ionic movement affecting performance metrics over extended periods of time, and determination of the best ways to counteract degradation mechanisms.
Supplementary Figure 3 from BAFF Attenuates Immunosuppressive Monocytes in the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3 further characterizes the differences between BAFF-expressing and control tumors&lt;/p&gt;
A 39-kD DNA-binding protein from mouse brain stimulates transcription of myelin basic protein gene in oligodendrocytic cells. (1995)

The MB1 regulatory sequence of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene spanning between nucleotides -14 to -50 with respect to the transcription start site is critical for cell type-specific transcription of the MBP gene, which encodes the major protein component of myelin sheath in cells derived from the central nervous system (CNS). This regulatory sequence has the ability to interact with a developmentally controlled DNA-binding protein from mouse brain that stimulates transcription of MBP promoter in an in vitro system (Haas, S., J. Gordon, and K. Khalili. 1993. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:3103-3112). Here, we report the purification of a 39-kD protein from mouse brain tissue at the peak of myelination and MBP production that binds to the MB1 regulatory motif. Following partial amino acid sequence analysis, we have identified a complementary DNA encoding a 39-kD DNA-binding protein called pur alpha. Expression of pur alpha cDNA in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells resulted in the synthesis of a protein with characteristics similar to the purified brain-derived 39-kD protein in band shift competition assays. Cotransfection of the recombinant pur alpha expressor plasmid with MBP promoter construct indicated that Pur alpha stimulates transcription of the MBP promoter in oligodendrocytic cells, and that the nucleotide sequence required for binding of the 39-kD Pur alpha to DNA within the MB1 region is crucial for this activity. Moreover, transient expression of Pur alpha caused elevation in the level of endogenous MBP RNA in oligodendrocytic cells. Thus, Pur alpha, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein upon binding to MB1 regulatory region may play a significant role in determining the cell type-specific expression of MBP in brain.
Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) and Hetero-Diels−Alder Chemistry as a Convenient Conjugation Tool for Access to Complex Macromolecular Designs (2008)

The combination of RAFT chemistry and the hetero-Diels−Alder (HDA) cycloaddition was successfully utilized in the synthesis of poly(styrene) (PS) star polymers with up to 4 arms. This variant of the “coupling onto” method of star polymer synthesis was investigated for two different RAFT end groups (diethoxyphosphoryldithioformate and pyridin-2-yldithioformate) and coupling agents bearing 2, 3, or 4 diene functional groups. When a diethoxyphosphoryldithioformate terminated polymer was reacted with the 2-, 3-, and 4-fold functionalized coupling agents, the yields of 2-arm star, 3-arm star, and 4-arm star polymers were 81%, 77%, and 65%, respectively, and when a pyridin-2-yldithioformate terminated polymer was reacted with the same coupling agents, the yields of 2-arm star, 3-arm star and 4-arm star polymers were 91%, 86% and 82% respectively. The HDA coupling reaction was monitored via UV/vis spectroscopy from the perspective of the RAFT end group as well as by 1H NMR spectroscopy from the perspective of the diene functionality. The results of these investigations indicated that the phosphoryldiethoxydithioformate terminated polymer achieves 92% conversion within a 24 h time frame and the pyridin-2-yldithioformate terminated polymer achieves 96% conversion in 10 h. The 4-arm star polymers were also subjected to high-temperature environments, and GPC measurements indicated that complete cleavage of all 4 arms from the core was achieved in 24 h at 160 °C.
HDAC11 regulates type I interferon signaling through defatty-acylation of SHMT2 (2017)

Abstract The smallest histone deacetylase (HDAC) and the only class IV HDAC member, HDAC11, is reported to regulate immune activation and tumorigenesis, yet its physiological function is largely unknown. Here we identify HDAC11 as an efficient lysine defatty-acylase that is &gt;10,000-fold more efficient than its deacetylase activity. Through proteomics studies, we identified SHMT2 as a defatty-acylation substrate of HDAC11. HDAC11-catalyzed defatty-acylation did not affect the enzymatic activity of SHMT2. Instead, it affects the ability of SHMT2 to regulate type I interferon receptor ubiquitination and internalization. Correspondingly, HDAC11 depletion increased type I interferon signaling in both cell culture and mice. This study is the first time a zinc-dependent HDAC is found to have an activity that is much more efficient than the corresponding deacetylase activity. The finding expands the physiological functions of HDAC11 and protein lysine fatty acylation, and opens up opportunities to develop HDAC11-specific inhibitors as therapeutics to modulate immune responses.
Surface Compression Using Dynamic Color Palettes (2019)

Off-chip memory traffic is a major source of power and energy consumption on mobile platforms. A large amount of this off-chip traffic is used to manipulate graphics framebuffer surfaces. To cut down the cost of accessing off-chip memory, framebuffer surfaces are compressed to reduce the bandwidth consumed on surface manipulation when rendering or displaying. In this work, we study the compression properties of framebuffer surfaces and highlight the fact that surfaces from different applications have different compression characteristics. We use the results of our analysis to propose a scheme, Dynamic Color Palettes (DCP), which achieves higher compression rates with UI and 2D surfaces. DCP is a hardware mechanism for exploiting inter-frame coherence in lossless surface compression; it implements a scheme that dynamically constructs color palettes, which are then used to efficiently compress framebuffer surfaces. To evaluate DCP, we created an extensive set of OpenGL workload traces from 124 Android applications. We found that DCP improves compression rates by 91% for UI and 20% for 2D applications compared to previous proposals. We also evaluate a hybrid scheme that combines DCP with a generic compression scheme. We found that compression rates improve over previous proposals by 161%, 124% and 83% for UI, 2D and 3D applications, respectively.
Average Bit Error Probability of Receive-Spatial Modulation using zero-forcing precoding (2014)

In this paper, we study the Average Bit Error Probability (ABEP) of Receive-Spatial Modulation (R-SM) in Rayleigh channels. R-SM is a multi-antenna wireless scheme that extends the concept of Spatial Modulation (SM) at the receiver side by using linear precoding. An accurate statistical framework is used for the characterization of the received signal. Using this framework, we provide novel and analytical bounds that characterize the ABEP of R-SM. Monte Carlo simulation results are used for the verification of the derived bounds. We compare R-SM against the corresponding standard Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) scheme and show its performance. We conclude that R-SM is able to offer the same or better BER performance as traditional MIMO only when the spectral efficiency is low and the number of transmit and receive antennas is low.
Multiresolution active contour model applied on lung and colon images (2004)

This paper deploys a wavelet based scale-space approach to extract the boundary of the object of interest in medical CT images. The classical approach of the active contour models consists of starting with an initial contour, to deform it under the action of some forces attracting the contour towards the edges by means of a set of forces. The mathematical model involves in the minimisation of an objective function called energy functional, which depends on the geometry of the contour as well as of the image characteristics. Various strategies could be used for the formulation of the energy functional and its optimisation. In this study, a wavelet based scale-space approach has been adopted. The coarsest scale is able to enlarge the capture region surrounding an object and avoids the trapping of contour into weak edges. The finer scales are used to refine the contour as close as possible to the boundary of the object. An adaptive scale coefficient for the balloon energy has been introduced. Four levels of resolution have been applied in order to get reproducibility of the contour despite poor different initialisations. The scheme has been applied to segment the regions of interest in CT lung and colon images. The result has been shown to be accurate and reproducible for the cases containing fat, holes and other small high intensity objects inside lung nodules as well as colon polyps.
Lamb Wave Propagation Through Off-Axis Media (2011)

The use of elastic wave based Structural Health Monitoring has shown its usefulness in both characterizing and diagnosing composite structures. Techniques using elastic wave SHM are being developed to allow for improved efficiency and assurance in all stages of space structure development and deployment. These techniques utilize precise understanding of wave propagation characteristics to extract meaningful information regarding the health and validity of a component, assembly, or structure. However, many of these techniques focus on the diagnostic of traditional, isotropic materials, and questions remain as to the effect of the orthotropic properties of resin matrix composite material on the propagation of elastic waves. As the demands and expectations placed upon composite structures continue to expand in the space community, these questions must be addressed to allow the development of elastic wave based SHM techniques that will enable advancements in areas such as automated build validation and qualification, and in-situ characterization and evaluation of increasingly complex space structures. This study attempts to aid this development by examines the effect of cross ply, off-axis fiber orientation on the propagation characteristics of lamb waves. This is achieved by observing the result of symmetric and anti-symmetric wave propagation across materials in cases containing both off-axis and axially-aligned elements. In both cases the surface plies of the test specimen are axially aligned with the wave propagation direction. Using these results, the relative effect of core ply orientation on lamb wave propagation, and lamb wave sensitivity to bulk properties, or alternatively, the dominance of surface properties on propagation characteristics, can be seen, and this information can be used to aid in future research and application of lamb waves for interrogation of advanced, high-strain composite space structures. It was found that the core orientation caused significant variation in the S0 wave velocity, while yielding little influence on the A0 wave velocity.
Syntax-directed Interpretation Of Visual Languages (1995)

Recent trends suggest that it will soon be practical to implement graphical user interfaces wherein a large part of the communication between human and computer will take the form of structured graphics, i.e., diagrams, notations, etc., which have come to be called "visual languages" in the literature. This thesis argues that implementation of such interfaces will be greatly facilitated by the development and use of syntax-directed translation methods for visual languages, and the embodiment of such methods in automated tools for application development, as has been done for compilers. An algebraic formalism to express syntax and semantics for visual languages is developed, and compared with similar formalisms developed by others. Tractability and algorithms for parsing are considered, and test implementations described. Several examples are presented, showing how real notations may be captured and parsed using the formalism. The design of interactive, visual language based application programs is considered in some detail, with emphasis on notations such as directed graph diagrams.