gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Everolimus in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Unknown Primary (2017)

Everolimus showed a clinically meaningful PFS benefit in patients with advanced progressive nonfunctional NET of GI and unknown primary, consistent with the overall RADIANT-4 results, providing an effective new standard treatment option in this patient population and filling an unmet treatment need for these patients.
(<i>E</i>)-1,2-Bis(diphenylmethylsilyl)ethene (2006)

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C28H28Si2, occupies a special position on a centre of symmetry. It adopts an E configuration about the central C&z-dbnd;C bond, with an Si—C&z-dbnd;C—Si torsion angle of exactly 180°. Weak C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions determine the crystal structure.
Topological Design Optimization of Nested Channels for Squeeze Flow of Thermal Interface Materials (2010)

Thermal interface resistance remains a bottleneck for thermal transport in electronic systems, comprising a significant portion of overall system thermal resistance. Performance of thermal interface materials (TIMs) is largely dependent on the bulk thermal conductivity of the TIM but also on the bond-line thickness (BLT) of the applied material as well as interfacial contact resistances. Recently, Hierarchically Nested Channels (HNCs), created by modifying the surface topology with hierarchical arrangements of microchannels in order to improve flow, were proposed to reduce both required squeezing force and final BLTs in interfaces. In this paper, a topological optimization framework that enables the design of channel arrangements is developed. The framework is based on a resistance network approximation to Newtonian squeeze flow. The approximation, validated against finite element method (FEM)-based solutions, allows efficient, design-oriented solutions for squeeze flow in complex geometries. A comprehensive design sensitivity analysis exploiting the resistance network approximation is also developed and implemented. The resistance approximation and the sensitivity analysis is used to build an automated optimal channel design framework. A Pareto optimal problem formulation for the design of channels is posed and the optimal solution is demonstrated using the framework.
&lt;title&gt;Closed-loop fiber optic gyros&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

Research and development of fiber optic gyros began in the mid 1 970s and focused on improving the gyro's sensitivity to rotation and reducing noise. Next, bias performance was addressed. By the early 1980s, fiber gyros were achieving bias errors of 0.01 O/ in a laboratory environment. Scale factor performance was initially addressed at McDonnell Douglasi in the late 1 970s by the use of a closed-loop fiber gyro which employed acousto-optic frequency shifters. Good performance was achieved but this approach was not productionized. In the mid 1980s, Thomson CSF developed a fiber gyro which used a double closed-loop technique employing a digital phase ramp and an electro-optic phase modulator2. Derivatives of this approach have been adopted by most gyro producers in the world. This technique has enabled fiber gyros to have high scale factor linearity and has significantly improved scale factor stability and repeatability. Today closed-loop fiber optic gyros using derivatives of this technique are in production for many tactical applications3 . These include tactical missiles, smart bombs, and attitude and heading reference systems (AHRS) and require gyro bias performance of 1 to 1 0 O/ and gyro scale factor performance of 1 00 to 1 000 ppm. Closed-loop fiber gyros using derivatives of this technique are presently in development for future inertial navigation systems4 (INS) which require bias performance in the 0.00 1 to 0.01 0/hr and scale factor performance in the 5 to 50 ppm range. This paper will examine how this double closed-loop, digital phase ramp technique functions. An error source unique to this type of closed-loop gyro, the deadband error, will be examined along with a technique for eliminating it.
Gravitational Clustering: A Simple, Robust and Adaptive Approach for\n Distributed Networks (2017)

Distributed signal processing for wireless sensor networks enables that\ndifferent devices cooperate to solve different signal processing tasks. A\ncrucial first step is to answer the question: who observes what? Recently,\nseveral distributed algorithms have been proposed, which frame the\nsignal/object labelling problem in terms of cluster analysis after extracting\nsource-specific features, however, the number of clusters is assumed to be\nknown. We propose a new method called Gravitational Clustering (GC) to\nadaptively estimate the time-varying number of clusters based on a set of\nfeature vectors. The key idea is to exploit the physical principle of\ngravitational force between mass units: streaming-in feature vectors are\nconsidered as mass units of fixed position in the feature space, around which\nmobile mass units are injected at each time instant. The cluster enumeration\nexploits the fact that the highest attraction on the mobile mass units is\nexerted by regions with a high density of feature vectors, i.e., gravitational\nclusters. By sharing estimates among neighboring nodes via a\ndiffusion-adaptation scheme, cooperative and distributed cluster enumeration is\nachieved. Numerical experiments concerning robustness against outliers,\nconvergence and computational complexity are conducted. The application in a\ndistributed cooperative multi-view camera network illustrates the applicability\nto real-world problems.\n
Protective Cross-Reactive Cellular Immunity to Lethal A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96-Like H5N1 Influenza Virus Is Correlated with the Proportion of Pulmonary CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells Expressing Gamma Interferon (2002)

A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96-like H5N1 influenza viruses now circulating in southeastern China differ genetically from the H5N1 viruses transmitted to humans in 1997 but were their precursors. Here we show that the currently circulating H9N2 influenza viruses provide chickens with cross-reactive protective immunity against the currently circulating H5N1 influenza viruses and that this protective immunity is closely related to the percentage of pulmonary CD8(+) T cells expressing gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). In vivo depletion of T-cell subsets showed that the cross-reactive immunity was mediated by T cells bearing CD8(+) and T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta and that the Vbeta1 subset of TCR alpha/beta T cells had a dominant role in protective immunity. The protective immunity induced by infection with H9N2 virus declined with time, lasting as long as 100 days after immunization. Shedding of A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96-like H5N1 virus by immunized chickens also increased with the passage of time and thus may play a role in the perpetuation and spread of these highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses. Our findings indicate that pulmonary cellular immunity may be very important in protecting naïve natural hosts against lethal influenza viruses.
Polymer nanocomposite foams (2012)

Polymer nanocomposite foams, polymer foams with nanoparticles, are an intriguing class of materials with unique structure and properties. The shape, size and surface chemistry of nanoparticles can be tailored to control the foam structure, and therefore, foam properties. Nanoparticles also add functionality to polymer foams. In this paper, we briefly review the recent developments in polymer nanocomposites and nanocomposite foams. This is followed by an extensive discussion regarding the role of nanoparticles in foam morphology and properties. Finally, the current and future trends of polymer nanocomposite foams are summarized. Both challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.
CO<sub>2</sub>‐to‐HCOOH Electrochemical Conversion on Nanostructured Cu<sub>x</sub>Pd<sub>100−x</sub>/Carbon Catalysts (2021)

Abstract Selective electrochemical conversion of CO 2 to HCOOH is obtained at the surface of a carbon‐supported bimetallic cathode material composed of copper and palladium nanoparticles. Polycrystalline copper or large copper particles are well‐known to catalyze CO 2 reduction to hydrocarbons at relatively negative potentials, or when their surface is covered by copper oxides (Cu 2 O and CuO). Cu‐based materials modified by various palladium contents (0&lt;×&lt;100), were synthesized by using the microwave‐assisted polyol method to serve as a cathode in the selective CO 2 ‐into‐HCOOH transformation. Herein, we developed a targeted preparation route toward the metal content/catalytic activity relationship correlating atomic ratio with faradaic efficiency (FE) to formate formation (ca. 60 % FE) at −0.72 V vs. RHE, which represents a 703 mV overpotential at pH=7. Consequently, the occurrence of this reduction reaction slows down the parallel H 2 production from the solvent consumption, while the neighboring Cu−Pd provides excellent activity and a good efficiency toward CO 2 reduction via the hydridation of the CO 2 molecule to orientate the reaction to formate rather than carbon monoxide or H 2 evolution.
Environmental Impact of Recycling Electronic Waste Using Thermal Plasma: in-Depth Analysis of Aerosol Particulates Captured in Gas Filters (2017)

Background: Extensive use of electronic devices has led to the generation of large volumes of electronic waste (e-waste) worldwide. Currently, only a small fraction of e-waste is being treated or recycled appropriately; most e-waste is dumped, incinerated or disposed of in landfills Awareness regarding the environmental impact of managing e-waste has become significant in recent years. Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the environmental impact of recycling waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) using thermal plasma. In-depth characterization of particulates released during waste processing was carried towards ensuring that no toxic/hazardous elements get released to the atmosphere. Methods: Waste PCBs were cut to sizes ~10-15 cm; and were heated to 1500°C for 30 minutes in the oxygen depleted atmosphere of a plasma furnace. The exhaust gas from the reactor was cooled down in a heat exchanger, and was then passed through bag-house filters before exiting through a stack chimney. Particulates present in the exhaust gas were captured by the bag-house filters and characterized. Results: The proximate analysis of captured particulates showed a high concentration of carbon along with oxides, metals and other impurities. Particulate sizes were found to range between 3 to 200 µm, and their distributions at 10%, 50% and 90% levels were determined to be 1.696 µm, 10.318 µm and 55.042 µm respectively. Elemental analysis showed clear evidence for the presence of heavy metals (Cu, Al, Fe, Sn, Pb, Zn, Ni), hazardous metals (Sb, As, Cd), and several other metals in trace quantities. A small amount of precious metals was also detected. X-ray diffraction and FTIR studies were found to be in good agreement with results from other techniques. Conclusion: This study has shown that some metallic and other impurities could be carried out along with the exhaust gas during the recycling of e-waste. Effective control of gaseous emissions from ewaste recycling facilities is therefore crucially important for minimizing the environmental impact of ewaste management and processing. Keywords: E-waste, recycling, plasma, emissions, pollution, PCBs.
Lactoferrin and immunologic dissonance: clinical implications. (2002)

Homeostasis is the maintenance of equilibrium in a biological system by means of positive and negative feedback control mechanisms that counteract influences tending toward physiological dissonance. At the molecular level, homeostasis is controlled by the network of the neuro-endocrine-immune system, in which lactoferrin (LF) plays a central role. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of a collaborative study established between the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy (Wrocław, Poland) and the University of Texas Health Science Center (Houston, USA) regarding LF and its role in homeostasis. In our studies we focused on the immunoregulatory functions of LF, both in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the immune status of individuals subjected to different insults, including experimental endotoxemia in mice and surgery in humans. We also studied a LF-dependent delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to evaluate some of the mechanisms by which LF can effectively substitute an adjuvant in vaccine.
Use of two-photon excitation microscopy and autofluorescence for visualizing the fate and behavior of semivolatile organic chemicals within living vegetation (2007)

The uptake, transport, storage, and processing of semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) by vegetation plays an important role in their environmental fate. Understanding these processes at the plant cellular level is essential to understanding the fate and behavior of SVOCs within the environment. Traditional analytical methods have relied on destructive analysis of the plant and a level of inference to suggest exactly where within the plant the chemical is residing, how it is getting there, and what its subsequent fate might be. The use of two-photon excitation microscopy to visualize the in situ uptake, transport, storage, compartmentalization, processing, and fate of a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in living vegetation is summarized. Using this technique, the uptake of PAHs to leaves and roots via the atmosphere or soil is visualized. Subsequent storage, transport, compartmentalization, and plant processing, including metabolism, can then be monitored. Differences in processing of the same chemical between species are observed, including compartmentalization, transport routes, and degradation pathways. Chemical location within the plant is observed to have a significant effect on PAH fate (e.g., through photodegradation). We highlight a number of key findings and the research areas requiring increased impetus to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complexity involved in SVOC-plant interactions from the cellular to global scales.
Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger 3 is in large complexes in the center of the apical surface of proximal tubule-derived OK cells (2002)

Cell biological approaches were used to examine the location and function of the brush border (BB) Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3 in the opossum kidney (OK) polarized renal proximal tubule cell line. NHE3 epitope tagged with the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein epitope (NHE3V) was stably expressed and called OK-E3V cells. On the basis of cell surface biotinylation studies, these cells had 10-15% of total NHE3 on the BB. Intracellular NHE3V largely colocalized with Rab11 and to a lesser extent with EEA1. The BB location of NHE3V was examined by confocal microscopy relative to the lectins wheat germ aggluttinin (WGA) and phytohemagluttin E (PHA-E), as well as the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB). The cells were pyramidal, and NHE3 was located in microvilli in the center of the apical surface. In contrast, PHA-E, WGA, and CTB were diffusely distributed on the BB. Detergent extraction showed that total NHE3V was largely soluble in Triton X-100, whereas virtually all surface NHE3V was insoluble. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation demonstrated that total NHE3V migrated at the same size as approximately 400- and approximately 900-kDa standards, whereas surface NHE3V was enriched in the approximately 900-kDa form. Under basal conditions, NHE3 cycled between the cell surface and the recycling pathway through a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. Measurements of surface and intracellular pH were obtained by using FITC-WGA. Internalization of FITC-WGA occurred largely into the juxtanuclear compartment that contained Rab11 and NHE3V. pH values on the apical surface and in endosomes in the presence of the NHE3 blocker, S3226, were elevated, showing that NHE3 functioned to acidify both compartments. In conclusion, NHE3V in OK cells exists in distinct domains both in the center of the apical surface and in a juxtanuclear compartment. In the BB fraction, NHE3 is largely in the detergent-insoluble fraction in lipid rafts and/or in large heterogenous complexes ranging from approximately 400 to approximately 900 kDa.
A randomized, placebo-controlled experimental medicine study of RIPK1 inhibitor GSK2982772 in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02858492 . Registered 8 August 2016.
Advanced sensor data fusion in MSDFLib (2003)

~In this paper the Multi Sensor Data Fusion Library (MSDFLib) is described. It is afully qualified generic library that is applied for a wide range of products. The library offers advanced algorithms and data structures. It allows one to build multi target, multi sensor tracking systems very eficiently. Innovations of the library are: 1) applicability to any sensor suite, 3) application of multiple model filters 3) an adapted Murty ’s k-best algorithm for sensor data fusion and 4) integrated plot and tmck fusion. The paper first discusses the general characteristics of the MSDFLib, then the properties of the data stmctures and some important functions, followed by the track fusion approach and finally some software engineering issues.
Biz1, a Zinc Finger Protein Required for Plant Invasion by<i>Ustilago maydis</i>, Regulates the Levels of a Mitotic Cyclin (2006)

Plant invasion by pathogenic fungi involves regulated growth and highly organized fungal morphological changes. For instance, when the smut fungus Ustilago maydis infects maize (Zea mays), its dikaryotic infective filament is cell cycle arrested, and appressoria are differentiated prior to plant penetration. Once the filament enters the plant, the cell cycle block is released and fungal cells begin proliferation, suggesting a tight interaction between plant invasion and the cell cycle and morphogenesis control systems. We describe a novel factor, Biz1 (b-dependent zinc finger protein), which has two Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger domains and nuclear localization, suggesting a transcriptional regulatory function. The deletion of biz1 shows no detectable phenotypic alterations during axenic growth. However, mutant cells show a severe reduction in appressoria formation and plant penetration, and those hyphae that invade the plant arrest their pathogenic development directly after plant penetration. biz1 is induced via the b-mating-type locus, the key control instance for pathogenic development. The gene is expressed at high levels throughout pathogenic development, which induces a G2 cell cycle arrest that is a direct consequence of the downregulation of the mitotic cyclin Clb1. Our data support a model in which Biz1 is involved in cell cycle arrest preceding plant penetration as well as in the induction of appressoria.
Reliability considerations for implantable medical ICs (2008)

Implantable medical devices continue to grow in complexity, mirroring the ascent of the semiconductor industry along the Moorepsilas Law curve. Traditionally, implantable applications have taken a fast-follower approach to silicon adoption, using more mature technologies to reduce risk. While commercial manufacturers, in some circumstances, may be able to trade off lifetime requirements for performance, this is decidedly not the case for implantable use, where 10 to 12 year requirements are typical. On the other hand, hardware and software redundancy solutions employed by high reliability avionics, telecommunications, and servers are difficult to implement in a battery-powered device, where current drain restrictions are severe. This paper discusses some of the reliability challenges faced by implantable device manufacturers as the need to provide more sophisticated therapy and diagnostics requires increasingly advanced technologies.
Data from ASC Modulates CTL Cytotoxicity and Transplant Outcome Independent of the Inflammasome (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) is known to facilitate caspase-1 activation, which is essential for innate host immunity via the formation of the inflammasome complex, a multiprotein structure responsible for processing IL1β and IL18 into their active moieties. Here, we demonstrated that ASC-deficient CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells failed to induce severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and had impaired capacity for graft rejection and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity. These effects were inflammasome independent because GVHD lethality was not altered in recipients of caspase-1/11–deficient T cells. We also demonstrated that ASC deficiency resulted in a decrease in cytolytic function, with a reduction in granzyme B secretion and CD107a expression by CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. Altogether, our findings highlight that ASC represents an attractive therapeutic target for improving outcomes of clinical transplantation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Design, fabrication, and validity verification of polarization-selective holographic element with a novel structure utilized in magneto-optical pickup heads (2004)

A new structure of polarization-selective elements consisting of two holographic gratings and a dove prism coupler is proposed. The absence of a multi-stage wave-guide, compact size, and lightweight volume are the outstanding features of the new structure. Based on the coupled-wave theory, the analysis and design of the structure are discussed in detail to calculate the required index modulation. Several parameters such as the recording intensity, the exposure time, and the recording angles for the fabrication of the proposed element are determined. Under the conditions the element is fabricated in Dupont photopolymer HRF-150-38 material and with the operating wavelength of 532nm. A simplified pick-up head is constructed to evaluate the performance of the fabricated element.
The clinical role of routine non-invasive parameters in the diagnostic work-up of patients with risk for pulmonary hypertension (2012)

Objective: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is diagnosed by right heart catheterization. Doppler Echocardiography is the most specific non-invasive screening tool, but the role of other routine measures in the diagnostic work-up of patients is not clearly defined. We hypothesized that a diagnostic algorithm using a combination of simple non-invasive parameters might help to identify patients with PH.

Patients and Methods : We retrospectively analyzed all patients who received a right heart catheterization and a routine non-invasive assessment between 2005 and 2010. The pretest probability for PH was 50%. As first step, the ratio of the S and R waves in lead I of the ECG were determined; a value ≥1 (≥90°) was considered as right axis deviation (RAD). In a second step, further simple non-invasive parameters were analyzed by logistic regression for their association with PH.

Results : We included n=395 patients. RAD was present in n=87 of them. Within these, n=82 had PH, and n=5 did not, revealing a positive predictive value of 94%. In the remaining n=308 patients, we identified n=60 patients with a combination of NT-proBNP 65%, arterial SO2≥95% and Borg dyspnoe score< 3 at the end of six-minute walk test, of which only n=4 suffered from PH revealing a negative predictive value of 93%.

Conclusion : Our retrospective analysis on a large, heterogenous cohort of subjects including patients with and without PH suggests that the combination of simple, non-invasive parameters allows a reliable identification of subjects both with a very high and with very low probability of PH. Further validation in prospective, population based studies is needed.