gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic simulation of an expanded bed reactor for MTBE synthesis (2009)

Dynamic simulations of MTBE synthesis in an expanded bed reactor are reported in this paper.A dynamic simplified model of the expanded bed reactor was established according to the mass balance,energy balance and the reaction mechanism.In order to speed up the computation and meet the requirements of the dynamic simulations,an appropriate numerical method based on the reaction mechanism and a reactor model was selected,and the spatial variables of the partial differential equation model were discretized with an appropriate numerical method.Furthermore,a dynamic simulation program module was developed,which was used to investigate the effect of raw material feed ratio on the conversion of isobutene and simulate the variation of the axial temperature distribution with reaction time;the latter showed a good agreement with the experimental temperature distribution.Accordingly,the conversion of isobutene can be predicted for different methanol/isobutene molar ratios.The results of the dynamic simulations were consistent with the actual production conditions,and the dynamic processing model is effective in reflecting trends in the actual production plant.
Fault attack resistant deterministic random bit generator usable for key randomization (2011)

Hardware as well as software implementations of cryptographic algorithms are susceptible to power analysis and fault attacks. We propose a power analysis-resistant and self-checking deterministic random bit generator. The proposed structure allows a concurrent code checking and an output suppression in the case of errors.
Tecnologías láser en la restauración del patrimonio cultural-capas de cera sobre granito (2009)

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio destinado a determinar la viabilidad de la tecnologia laser como metodo de eliminacion de la cera de la abeja aplicada en el Friso Renacentista del Cluastro de la Catedral de Santiago de Compostela labrado en granito Roan. Con este fin se examinaron los procesos inducidos en las muestras de laboratorio por irradiacion laser a cinco longitudes de onda distintas (193, 266, 355, 532 y 1064 nm). Para el seguimiento de la efectivida de los distintos laseres en la limpieza se desarrollo una calibracion de la senal Raman que permitio la cuantificacion de los espesores de capa de cera eliminada. Los resultados obtenidos ilustran el importante efecto de las absorciones del granito y de la cera de abeja en el proceso de limpieza mediante laser de ArF y Nd: YAG. La cera de abeja absorve eficazmente a 193 nm., mientras que con Nd: YAG su absorcion se hace mas debil, cuanto mayor es la longitud de onda. La limpieza mediante laser de excimero permite una eliminacion cotnrolada y selectiva, de unas pocas micras de cera por pulso en el rango de fluencias probado. Para las cuatro longitudes de onda del Nd: YAG el sustrato de granito situado bajo la capa es parte fundamental en el proceso de limpieza. Existe un espesor (eL), caracteristico para cada una de las fluencias de trabajo, hasta el cual el recubrimiento de cera se elimna totalmente, y a partir del cual no se elimina material ceroso, sino que se modifica. Establecidas las posibles longitudes de onda y sus densidades de energia de trabajo (350 mJ/cm2 para 266 nm y 590 mJ/cm2 para 355 nm) mediante el estudio del porcesado laser en modo de repeticion de pulsos, se realizo el estudio comparativo de pruebas de limpieza de muestras cobayas de cera de abeja sobre granito Roan. Concluyendose que la limpieza laser de Nd:YAG a 266 nm es el metodo mas aconsejable, en cuanto a la efectivadid en la elimnacion de cera de abeja y la ausencia de efectos daninos al sustrato. La prueba de la limpieza laser sobre un gragmento de voluta original extraido del proio friso asevera la idoneidad de esta longitud de onda, asegurando la total trasnpiracion de la piedra y una elevada selectividad en la elimnacion de cera.
Cytokine release by freshly isolated NK cells in the presence of Ab1-10 mAb. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Freshly isolated NK cells were either left untreated or co-cultured with both 293FT cells and M2-293FT cells in the presence and absence of Ab1-10 mAb (Ab). Culture supernatants were harvested and tested for the secretion of human cytokines and chemokines using flow-cytometric bead analysis. The values on the y-axis correspond to the concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES in pg/ml. Graph bars represent the average ± SEM. Data shown are from five independent experiments with freshly isolated NK cells from five donors (* P&lt;0.05, ** P&lt;0.01).&lt;/p&gt;
Force-induced denaturation of RNA (2001)

We describe quantitatively a RNA molecule under the influence of an external force exerted at its two ends as in a typical single-molecule experiment. Our calculation incorporates the interactions between nucleotides by using the experimentally-determined free energy rules for RNA secondary structure and models the polymeric properties of the exterior single-stranded regions explicitly as elastic freely-jointed chains. We find that in spite of complicated secondary structures, force-extension curves are typically smooth in quasi-equilibrium. We identify and characterize two sequence/structure-dependent mechanisms that, in addition to the sequenceindependent entropic elasticity of the exterior single-stranded regions, are responsible for the smoothness. These involve compensation between different structural elements on which the external force acts simultaneously, and contribution of suboptimal structures, respectively. We estimate how many features a force-extension curve recorded in non-equilibrium, where the pulling proceeds faster than rearrangements in the secondary structure of the molecule, could show in principle. Our software is available to the public through a ‘RNA-pulling server’. I.
Ruthenium Carbene Siloxide Complexes Immobilized on Silica: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Metathesis (2011)

Abstract Ruthenium alkylidene complexes, based on second generation Hoveyda–Grubbs catalysts, have been directly attached to silica through covalent Ru‐O‐Si bonds, characterized by using cross polarization magic angle spinning 13 C NMR (CP MAS 13 C NMR) spectroscopy, and proved active in selected metathetic transformations. The complexes can be easily recycled and subsequently reused. In the ring closing metathesis (RCM) reaction of diethyl diallyl malonate the heterogenized complex can be recycled up to 15 times.
Buckling Calculations and Measurements on a Technologically Relevant Toroidal Magnet System (1991)

The coils in a toroidal magnet system may deform laterally and become mechanically unstable when a critical value of the current is exceeded as a result of magnetoelastic coupling. This instability is called magnetoelastic buckling. It was studied in the TESPE arrangement, a toroidal magnet system the design and size of which meet technical demands. A generalized theoretical model was developed for the calculation of the buckling behavior of toroidal magnet systems. It was shown by the measurements that in a torus of complex design, the lateral elastic stiffnesses of the coils may vary considerably with the current. Monitoring of the natural frequencies of the vibration modes proved to be a suitable method for the supervision of the mechanical stability during operation.
Single-photon generation with InAs quantum dots (2004)

Single-photon generation using InAs quantum dots in pillar microcavities is described. The effects on performance of the excitation wavelength and polarization, and the collection bandwidth and polarization, are studied in detail. The efficiency and photon state purity of these devices have been measured, and issues affecting these parameters are discussed. Prospects for improved devices are also discussed.
Modular Damage Detection for Expandable and Inflatable Structures (2019)

NASA has identified potential damage from micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) impacts as a primary threat to Commercial Crew Program vehicles. The International Space Station (ISS) and extraterrestrial habitats also exhibit the risk of damage caused by MMODs. Currently no integrated in-situ or real-time health monitoring damage detection system is being used for expandable and inflatable structures. A novel, modular damage detection system design that incorporates interchangeable and replaceable sensory panels in a foldable architecture is described. The design implements technologies that provide for situational awareness, self-configuration, and damage detection and localization. The system is applicable for the new Gateway and surface and ground support infrastructure
Mice as Experimental Organisms (2001)

Abstract The mouse is extensively used as a model system to understand the genetic control of human development and disease.
Noncooperative optimizations of controls for time-periodic Navier-Stokes systems with multiple solutions (2002)

Time-periodic systems governed by differential equations are somewhat difficult to consider in the numerical setting because they may possess many solutions. The number of solutions of such systems may be finite or infinite. Further, some trajectories which are exactly time-periodic over a given period might only approximately solve the governing equation, whereas nearby trajectories which exactly solve the governing equation might only be approximately time-periodic over the given period. The difficulty of the time-periodic setting is compounded in the case of systems governed by the Navier-Stokes equation, as the solutions of such systems in the timeevolving setting may be chaotic and multiscale. When considering the optimization of controls for such systems in the time-periodic setting, the situation is thus particularly delicate, as one doesn’t know a priori which time-periodic solution (or approximate solution) one should design the controls for. In the present work, the idea of noncooperative optimization is applied in an attempt to develop a tractable framework to solve the problem of optimization of controls for time-periodic Navier-Stokes systems. The noncooperative aspect of the optimization, however, is somewhat nonstandard: the best controls are found for the worst (of the many) time-periodic solutions of the governing equation. As the number of solutions may be finite, we have employed a technique developed by Barbu (1998) of first looking at a suitable approximation of the timeperiodic system of interest with an infinite number of solutions, finding the solution to this approximate system with a gradient-based algorithm leveraging an adjoint analysis, then refining the level of approximation until we have solved (with a sufficient level of accuracy) the optimization problem we are actually interested in. The present brief note motivates this work, presents the structure of our analysis, and outlines the resulting numerical algorithm. A future paper (under preparation) will describe our mathematical proofs of the associated thoerems in detail and present some preliminary numerical results.
Radioembolisation hepatischer Tumore mit Yttrium-90: brauchen wir SPECT/CT um extrahepatische Shunts zu identifizieren? (2012)

Ziele: Radioembolisation (RE) mit Yttrium-90 (Y-90) ist eine zunehmend verbreitete Therapieform für fortgeschrittene Lebertumore. Eine Komplikation der Therapie stellt die Verschleppung von Y-90 in extrahepatisches Gewebe, insbesondere in den Gastrointestinaltrakt dar. Wir evaluierten, ob nach extrahepatisch ziehende Shuntgefäße mittels Digitaler Subtraktionsangiographie (DSA) vor RE sicher erkannt werden können. Methode: 205 Patienten mit Hepatozellulärem Karzinom (n=124), Lebermetastasen (n=73) oder Cholangiozellulärem Karzinom (n=8) wurden untersucht. Während einer initialen DSA der Leberarterien wurden 122 Shuntarterien detektiert und coilembolisiert (A. gastrica dextra n=86, A. falciforme n=13, Kollaterale zu Duodenum oder Pankreas n=23). Anschließend wurden Technetium-99-markierte Albuminpartikel (99mTc-MAA) in die Leberarterien injiziert. Anhand aufgenommener SPECT/CT Bilder wurde evaluiert, ob eine Partikelanreicherung in extrahepatischen Geweben nachzuweisen war. Ergebnis: 16/205 Patienten (7.8%) zeigten eine vermehrte 99mTc-MAA Anreicherung in extrahepatischen Organen (Dünndarm n=7, Abdominalwand n=5, Magen n=4). Diese Patienten wurden nochmals mittels DSA untersucht, wobei in 13/16 Fällen zusätzliche Shuntarterien identifiziert und coilembolisiert wurden. Schlussfolgerung: Die Mehrzahl der extrahepatischen Shunts kann vor einer Y-90 Therapie angiographisch erkannt und ausgeschaltet werden. Dennoch sind SPECT-CT Bilder hilfreich, um zusätzliche, initial nicht erkannte Shuntgefäße zu identifizieren
Genomic Clustering and Homology between HET-S and the NWD2 STAND Protein in Various Fungal Genomes (2012)

We suggest the existence, in the fungal kingdom, of a widespread and evolutionarily conserved mode of signal transduction based on the transmission of an amyloid-fold from a NOD-like STAND receptor protein to an effector protein.
Rapidly Forming Early Intermediate Structures Dictate the Pathway of Capsid Assembly (2020)

There are about 10&lt;sup&gt;30&lt;/sup&gt; possible intermediates on the assembly path from hepatitis B capsid protein dimers to the 120-dimer capsid. If every intermediate was tested, assembly would often get stuck in an entropic trap and essentially every capsid would follow a unique assembly path. Yet, capsids assemble rapidly with minimal trapped intermediates, a realization of the Levinthal paradox. To understand the fundamental mechanisms of capsid assembly it is critical to resolve the early stages of the reaction. We have used Time-Resolved Small Angle X-ray Scattering, which is sensitive to solute size and shape and has millisecond temporal resolution. Scattering curves were fit to a thermodynamically curated library of assembly intermediates, using the principle of maximum entropy. Maximum entropy also provides a physical rationale for the selection of species. We found that the capsid assembly pathway was exquisitely sensitive to initial assembly conditions. With the mildest conditions tested, the reaction appeared two-state from dimer to 120-dimer capsid with some dimers-of-dimers and trimers-of-dimers. In slightly more aggressive conditions, we observed transient accumulation of a decamer-of-dimers and appearance of 90-dimer capsids. In conditions where there is measurable kinetic trapping, we found that a highly diverse early intermediates accumulated within a fraction of a second and propagated into long-lived kinetically trapped states (&gt;90-mer). In all cases, intermediates between 35 and 90 subunits did not accumulate. These results are consistent with the presence of low barrier paths that connect early and late intermediates and direct the ultimate assembly path to late intermediates where assembly can be paused.
Wurtzite GaP nanowire grown by using tertiarybutylchloride and used to fabricate solar cell (2018)

Abstract Growth of a freestanding wurtzite gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowire was investigated for solar-energy conversion applications. Tertiarybutylchloride (TBCl) was used to grow straight nanowires at high temperatures at which wurtzite GaP forms. By alternating the supply of triethylgallium with tertiarybutylphosphine and TBCl, we could form straight wurtzite GaP nanowires with few stacking faults. We also investigated p- and n-type dopants and found a concentration level of about 10 18 cm −3 for each dopant. We fabricated a solar cell from an axially pin-type GaP nanowire diode sample and found that the nanowire-grown area had a high photocurrent density due to the light-concentrating property of the individual nanowires.
Purification and characterization of human fibroblast‐derived hybridoma growth factor identical to T‐cell‐derived B‐cell stimulatory factor‐2 (interleukin‐6) (1987)

Human fibroblast cultures, when stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) produce a growth factor for B-cell hybridoma and plasmocytoma cell lines. The availability of both a fast-growing and high-producer cell line (MG-63 osteosarcoma cells) and of a highly sensitive and specific assay system for this hybridoma growth factor (HGF) allowed us to obtain analytically pure preparations. Crude HGF from MG-63 cells was processed through a five-step concentration and purification schedule. Sequential adsorption to controlled pore glass (CPG) beads, antibody affinity chromatography and gel filtration resulted in a 10,000-fold purification to a specific activity of 10(9) units/mg HGF. Electrophoretically pure HGF was obtained after additional purification by cation-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. The purification procedure revealed two distinct biologically active HGF components. The amino-terminal sequence of one of the two components was determined and found to correspond to that already predicted from cDNA clones of a protein alternatively called 26-kDa protein, interferon-beta 2 (IFN-beta 2) or B-cell stimulating factor-2 (BSF-2). The first two designations (26-kDa protein and IFN-beta 2) refer to a postulated fibroblast secretory protein with so far no unambiguously defined function; the latter designation (BSF-2) refers to a T-cell product possessing differentiation stimulatory effect on B-cell lines. The reported results firmly establish that the protein is secreted by fibroblasts and reveal that it possesses B-cell growth stimulatory activity. The new designation interleukin-6 (IL-6) is proposed to resolve prescribing nomenclature confusion.
Gamma and Proton Irradiation Effects on 4H-SiC Depletion-Mode Trench JFETs (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Comparative evaluation of a new magnetic bead-based DNA extraction method from fecal samples for downstream next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing (2018)

We are colonized by a vast population of genetically diverse microbes, the majority of which are unculturable bacteria that reside within the gastrointestinal tract. As affordable, advanced next-generation sequencing technologies become more widely available, important discoveries about the composition and function of these microbes become increasingly possible. In addition to rapid advancement in sequencing technologies, automated systems have been developed for nucleic acid extraction; however, these methods have yet to be widely used for the isolation of bacterial DNA from fecal samples. Here, we adapted Promega's Maxwell® RSC PureFood GMO and Authentication kit for use with fecal samples and compared it to the commonly used Qiagen QIAamp® PowerFecal® kit. Results showed that the two approaches yielded similar measures of DNA purity and successful next-generation sequencing amplification and produced comparable composition of microbial communities. However, DNA extraction with the Maxwell® RSC kit produced higher concentrations with a lower fecal sample input weight and took a fraction of the time compared to the QIAamp® PowerFecal® protocol. The results of this study demonstrate that the Promega Maxwell® RSC system can be used for medium-throughput DNA extraction in a time-efficient manner without compromising the quality of the downstream sequencing.
1-to-4 Analog Demultiplexer With up to 128 GS/s for Interleaving of Bandwidth-Limited Digitizers in Wireline and Optical Receivers (2021)

Today's ultra-wideband optical equipment enables fiber-based data links with up to 1.6 Tbit/s per wavelength at a symbol rate of 128 Gbaud. However, high input signal path losses need to be overcome in commercial products when the digitizers are integrated with the digital signal processor in a deep-submicrometer FinFET-CMOS transceiver application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This currently limits the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate and the detectable link symbol rate to 97 GS/s and 66 Gbaud, respectively. Four of these bandwidth-limited ADCs can be time-interleaved with the presented analog 1-to-4 demultiplexer front end in a SiGe-BiCMOS technology that allows high bandwidths with transistor cutoff frequencies above 300 GHz. The sampling front end effectively divides the necessary ADC bandwidth by the time-interleaving factor, enabling the detection of ultra-high symbol rates of up to 128 Gbaud with only 16-GHz bandwidth requirement for the four ADCs. At these frequencies, subsequent circuits and chip interconnects exhibit significantly lower signal path losses than at 64 GHz-half the symbol rate-and therefore require only a reduced processing power for channel equalization in the analog and digital domain. We demonstrate sampling operation with a large-signal 3-dB bandwidth of 36 GHz and a 6-dB bandwidth of 50 GHz at 128 GS/s in an experimental testbed, as well as the reception of 128-Gbit/s NRZ/OOK and 256-Gbit/s PAM4 signals. The linearity reaches more than 3-bit effective number of bits (ENOB) with a sinusoidal input signal of 500 mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> on each of the four output channels. The power consumption is equivalent to a sampling efficiency of 20 pJ/sample, narrowing the gap to slower CMOS solutions and enabling cost-efficient coherent optical links with up to 1 Tbit/s.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a target for antibacterial development. (2012)

<title>Abstract</title> This chapter reviews biochemical pathways relevant to bacterial fatty acid synthesis, with emphasis on the important reactions catalysed by the holoenzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Antibacterial compounds previously investigated that inhibit the two component enzymes of the holoenzyme are described, including pyridopyrimidines, amino-oxazoles, benzimidazole carboxamides, and pyrrolidinediones.
Distilled sensing : adaptive sensing for sparse detection and estimation (2010)

Adaptive sampling results in significant improvements in the recovery of sparse signals in white Gaussian noise. A sequential adaptive sampling-and-refinement procedure called Distilled Sensing (DS) is proposed and analyzed. DS is a form of multistage experimental design and testing. Because of the adaptive nature of the data collection, DS can detect and localize far weaker signals than possible from non-adaptive measurements. In particular, reliable detection and localization (support estimation) using non-adaptive samples is possible only if the signal amplitudes grow logarithmically with the problem dimension. Here it is shown that using adaptive sampling, reliable detection is possible provided the amplitude exceeds a constant, and localization is possible when the amplitude exceeds any arbitrarily slowly growing function of the dimension.\nKeywords: Adaptive sampling, experimental design, multiple hypothesis testing, sequential sensing, sparse recovery.
Redox-Active Dendrimers: Toward the Construction of Switchable Guest Encapsulation Systems (2001)

A Summary Report to The Electrochemical Society for the 2001 Joseph W. Richards Summer Research Fellowship.
Promoters of and barriers to cervical cancer screening in a rural setting in Tanzania (2013)

Efforts aimed at improving screening rates in rural Tanzania need to address both structural and individual-level barriers, including knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer prevention, cost barriers to care, and access to health information.