gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement in the $J_{\rm c}-B$ Characteristics of <i>Ex-Situ</i>${\rm MgB}_{2}$ Tape With SiC Addition (2007)

The utilization of MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> powder obtained from the core of in-situ MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> tape improves the high magnetic field J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> - B performance of Fe-sheathed MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> tape fabricated via an ex-situ powder-in-tube (PIT) technique. This work reveals a further improvement by means of the addition of SiC nano particle. The highest J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> at 4.2 K of the tape have a values of 4.6 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ap26 A at 12 T) and 9.7 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ap 54 A at 10 T) for the tape with 10 mol% SiC post-annealed at 700deg C. These values are believed to be the highest known J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> values of ex-situ MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> tape. However, they were lower than the values of in-situ MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> tape with 10 mol% SiC (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> 6.3 X 103 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ap 43 A at 12 T and 1.3 x 104 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> : I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ap 88 A at 10 T). The reason for the poorer J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> -B performance of the ex-situ MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> tape is thought to be due to a lower B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">irr</sub> and poorer grain connectivity.
Carrageenans: New Tools for New Applications (2018)

Carrageenan is the generic name given to a family of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from some red seaweeds (Rhodophyta). They are made of repeating d-galactose units linked alternately via α-1, 3 and β-1, 4 linkages. Units can have various sulfation patterns and often the α-d-galactose moiety is replaced by a 3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactose moiety. Carrageenans have long been used in the food industry (E407), in drug formulations, and in cosmetic products for their texturizing and gelling properties. Novel applications of carrageenans are moving toward the use of designed poly- and oligosaccharides that have specific functionality. In this respect, the use of specific carrageenan-modifying enzymes is essential. There are two distinctive sets of enzymes: those that desulfate (sulfatases and sulfurylases) and the carrageenan hydrolases, also called carrageenases. These enzymes are used to produce specific oligosaccharides that are gaining in importance as they display biological activities in human health and plant growth and protection. The sulfurylases and sulfatases are able to specifically biochemically convert carrageenans into another carrageenan form. In this chapter, we review all the enzymes that are now available to bioconvert carrageenans, and we also present some of their possible uses. Perspectives of blue technology rely on potent analytical methods for in-depth studies on the enzymatic modifications. Thus, the three main spectroscopic methods (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry) used for this purpose are presented.
Characteristics of Acinetobacter strains (phenotype classification, antibiotic susceptibility and production of beta-lactamases) isolated from haemocultures from patients at the Teaching Hospital in Olomouc. (1999)

A total of 85 strains of the genus Acinetobacter were isolated from haemocultures at the Institute of Microbiology of the Teaching Hospital in Olomouc over the period January 1993 to June 1997. Sixty-two (73.0%) strains of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (Acb complex) were the most frequent. In 3 (3.5%) strains it was impossible to decide whether they belonged to the Acb complex. Other acinetobacter species were represented by 20 (23.5%) strains. The greatest amount (28.2%) of these strains was collected from the Clinic of Internal Medicine. Leukemias, lymphomas and myelodysplastic syndromes were the most frequent clinical diagnoses (20.0%) of the patients with a positive haemoculture. The most effective antimicrobial preparations tested were as follows: meropenem (98.8% of susceptible strains), colistin (94.1%), quinolones (90.6-94.1% according to the type of agent) and amikacin (91.8%). The Acb complex strains were less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than other acinetobacters. Production of inductive chromosomal beta-lactamases AmpC was proved in 42 (49.4%) strains whilst no occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in the isolated organisms was recorded.
Thermal conductivity of amorphous silica using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations (2006)

In several recent applications, including those aimed at developing thermal interface materials, nano-particulate systems have been proposed to improve the effective behavior of the system. While nano-particles by themselves may have low conductivities, their use along with larger particles is believed to enhance the percolation threshold leading to better materials overall. One crucial challenge in using nano-particulate systems is the lack of knowledge regarding their thermal conductivity. A non-equilibrium molecular dynamics approach is used in this paper to determine the thermal conductivity of clusters of atoms without periodic boundary conditions. This method is first tested on bulk amorphous silica and conductivity values are compared to those reported in the literature. The method is then modified in order to study silica clusters. This modified approach is an approximation to the actual physical heat-transfer process in a cluster. Three different system sizes consisting 300, 600 and 900 atom clusters are considered and the values of conductivity for each are reported. The conductivity values obtained range from 1.49 W/mK to 1.94 W/mK. No significant effect of the cluster size on the thermal conductivity was found
Experience-based health state valuation using the EQ VAS: a register-based study of the EQ-5D-3L among nine patient groups in Sweden (2023)

The study has demonstrated the important role EQ VAS can play in revealing patients' valuation of their health and showed the variation in valuation of EQ-5D-3L dimensions and levels of severity across different patient groups.
Ca Segregation to Basal Surfaces in α‐Alumina (1995)

High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) were used to investigate the structure and chemistry of (0001) α‐A1 2 O 3 / A1 interfaces in melt‐infiltrated polycrystalline alumina composites. HRTEM revealed an interfacial region different from both Al and α‐A1 2 O 3 , with a structural width of 0.8 ± 0.2 nm. AEM of the same interfaces revealed a Ca excess of Γ = 2.5 ± 0.5 Ca atoms per nm 2 (Ca/nm 2 ). AEM of a basal twin boundary in the α‐A1 2 O 3 also revealed a Ca excess (Γ= 1.0 ± 0.5 Ca/nm 2 ). Since the metal‐ceramic interfaces were the free surfaces of pores before melt infiltration, it can be concluded that Ca segregates to the basal surface of alumina, as well as to basal twin boundaries. Furthermore, the Ca at the free surfaces does not reside on only one cation plane, but is spread over 4 ± 1 basal cation layers and forms an interfacial phase with a nominal composition of CaO‐6A1 2 O 3 .
A Retrospective Study on Advanced Maternal Age and Assisted Reproductive Techniques, Medico-Legal Advice, “Food for Thought” (2015)

Women in advanced reproductive age (≥ 43 years) who undergo assisted fertilization procedures are at a higher risk of complications compared to women of the same age with spontaneous pregnancies.
Network effects of WCDMA compressed mode (2004)

The compressed mode (CM) functionality has been discussed from the beginning of 3GPP standardization work [http://www.3gpp.org], in research projects focusing to 3/sup rd/ generation access technologies. In those days it was identified that existing CDMA systems are lacking of well defined inter-frequency measurement capabilities. Based on this a discontinuous reception and transmission ideas were introduced.
The role of silver carbonate as a catalyst in the synthesis of N-phenylbenzamide from benzoic acid and phenyl isocyanate: a mechanistic exploration (2022)

The gas-phase extrusion–insertion (ExIn) reactions of a silver complex [(BPS)Ag(O2CC6H5)]2− ([BPS]2− = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonate), generated via electrospray ionisation was investigated by Multistage Mass Spectrometry (MSn) experiments in a linear ion trap combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Extrusion of carbon dioxide under collision-induced dissociation (CID) generates the organosilver intermediate [(BPS)Ag(C6H5)]2−, which subsequently reacts with phenyl isocyanate via insertion to yield [(BPS)Ag(NPhC(O)C6H5)]2−. Further CID of the product ion resulted in the formation of [(BPS)Ag(C6H5)]2−, [(BPS)Ag]− and C6H5C(O)NPh−. The formation of a coordinated amidate anion is supported by DFT calculations. Heating a mixture of benzoic acid, phenyl isocyanate, silver carbonate (5 mol%) and phenanthroline (20 mol%) in DMSO and heating by microwave irradiation led to the formation N-phenyl-benzamide in an isolated yield of 89%. The yield decreased to 74% without the addition of phenanthroline, while replacing silver carbonate with sodium carbonate gave an isolated yield of 84%, suggesting that the ExIn reaction may not operate in solution. This was confirmed using benzoic acid with a 13C-isotopic-label at the carboxylate carbon as the starting material, which, under microwave heating in the presence of phenyl isocyanate, silver carbonate (5 mol%) and phenanthroline (20 mol%) gave N-phenyl-benzamide with retention of the 13C isotopic label based on GC-MS experiments under electron ionisation (EI) conditions. DFT calculations using a solvent continuum reveal that the barriers associated with the pathway involving direct attack by the non-coordinated benzoate are below the ExIn pathways for the coordinated silver benzoate.
A low-power temperature-compensated relaxation oscillator for built-in test signal generation (2015)

An on-chip frequency reference for built-in testing and calibration applications is presented. The design combines a proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) current reference and a relaxation oscillator core. A temperature compensation scheme is realized based on the thermal voltage, for which simulations indicate low sensitivity to process variations. The oscillator was designed and simulated in a 130nm CMOS process with a power supply of 1.2V. It generates a 40KHz output and occupies a layout area of 0.025mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A temperature coefficient of 101ppm/°C is achieved over the range from -30°C to 85°C. The simulated phase noise is -90dBc/Hz at 10KHz offset.
Passive Immunotherapy in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques Accelerates the Development of Neutralizing Antibodies (2004)

Passively transferred neutralizing antibodies can block lentivirus infection, but their role in postexposure prophylaxis is poorly understood. In this nonhuman-primate study, the effects of short-term antibody therapy on 5-year disease progression, virus load, and host immunity were explored. We reported previously that postinfection passive treatment with polyclonal immune globulin with high neutralizing titers against SIVsmE660 (SIVIG) significantly improved the 67-week health of SIVsmE660-infected Macaca mulatta macaques. Four of six treated macaques maintained low or undetectable levels of virus in plasma, compared with one of ten controls, while two rapid progressors controlled viremia only as long as the SIVIG was present. SIVIG treatment delayed the de novo production of envelope (Env)-specific antibodies by 8 weeks (13). We show here that differences in disease progression were also significant at 5 years postinfection, excluding rapid progressors (P = 0.05). Macaques that maintained </=10(3) virus particles per ml of plasma and </=30 infectious virus particles per 10(6) mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and lymph nodes had delayed disease onset. All macaques that survived beyond 18 months had measurable Gag-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells, regardless of treatment. Humoral immunity in survivors beyond 20 weeks was strikingly different in the SIVIG and control groups. Despite a delay in Env-specific binding antibodies, de novo production of neutralizing antibodies was significantly accelerated in SIVIG-treated macaques. Titers of de novo neutralizing antibodies at week 12 were comparable to levels achieved in controls only by week 32 or later. Acceleration of de novo simian immunodeficiency virus immunity in the presence of passively transferred neutralizing antibodies is a novel finding with implications for postexposure prophylaxis and vaccines.
The lid wiper and muco-cutaneous junction anatomy of the human eyelid margins: an in vivo confocal and histological study (2011)

The inner border of the eyelid margin is critically important for ocular surface integrity because it guarantees the thin spread of the tear film. Its exact morphology in the human is still insufficiently known. The histology in serial sections of upper and lower lid margins in whole-mount specimens from 10 human body donors was compared to in vivo confocal microscopy of eight eyes with a Heidelberg retina-tomograph (HRT II) and attached Rostock cornea module. Behind the posterior margin of the Meibomian orifices, the cornified epidermis stopped abruptly and was replaced by a continuous layer of para-keratinized (pk) cells followed by discontinuous pk cells. The pk cells covered the muco-cutaneous junction (MCJ), the surface of which corresponded to the line of Marx (0.2-0.3 mm wide). Then a stratified epithelium with a conjunctival structure of cuboidal cells, some pk cells, and goblet cells formed an epithelial elevation of typically about 100 μm initial thickness (lid wiper). This continued for 0.3-1.5 mm and formed a slope. The MCJ and lid wiper extended all along the lid margin from nasal to temporal positions in the upper and lower lids. Details of the epithelium and connective tissue were also detectable using the Rostock cornea module. The human inner lid border has distinct zones. Due to its location and morphology, the epithelial lip of the lid wiper appears a suitable structure to spread the tear film and is distinct from the MCJ/line of Marx. Better knowledge of the lid margin appears important for understanding dry eye disease and its morphology can be analysed clinically by in vivo confocal microscopy.
Time Property Analysis Method for State/Event Fault Tree (2015)

State/Event fault tree (SEFT) is a modeling technique for describing the causal chains which lead to failure in component- based embedded systems, and the top event of SEFT describes the result of the failure. One important way for capturing the mean time parameter of system failure is to quantitatively analyze the mean time of the top event occurrence, which provides support for system safety evaluation. However, it is necessary to formally describe SEFT semantics in order to quantitatively analyze the time property. In this paper, a time property analysis method for SEFT based on interactive Markov chain (IMC) is presented. Firstly, interface interactive Markov chain (Interface-IMC) is proposed based on refining the interactive action of IMC. Secondly, semantics of components and logic gates in SEFT are formally described by Interface-IMC. Thirdly, the semantics of SEFT is obtained by composing all the Interface-IMCs generated in the above steps. During this process, weak bisimilarity technique is applied to reduce state space. Then, a quantitative time
Non-invasive measurement of pulse waves in the soles of rats using an RGB camera (2021)

In this paper, we propose a non-invasive method for measuring pulse waves corresponding to heart rate (HR) by capturing the color change on the soles of rats’ feet using a high-speed RGB camera. Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) with a camera has been used as a non-invasive biometric method. However, the rPPG method has been challenging to apply to rats with body hair. We applied the rPPG method using a high frame rate to the sole where the skin was directly visible and successfully and accurately detected pulse waves under non-invasive, non-restraint, and non-anesthetized conditions.
Highly Parallel Linear Forest Extraction from a Weighted Graph on GPUs (2022)

For graph matching, each vertex is allowed to match with exactly one other vertex, such that the spanning subgraph of the matching has a maximum degree of one, i.e., the subgraph is a [0,1]-factor. In this work, we provide a highly parallel algorithm to extract a spanning subgraph with a maximum degree of n (the subgraph is a [0,n]-factor) and demonstrate the efficiency of our GPU implementation for n=1,2,3,4 by expressing the algorithm in terms of generalized sparse matrix-vector products. Moreover, from the [0,2]-factor, we compute a maximum linear forest (union of disjoint paths) by breaking up cycles and permuting the subgraph with respect to the vertex order within the paths. Both tasks execute efficiently on the GPU because of our novel parallel scan implementation, which does not require a random access iterator. As an application of linear forests, we demonstrate the algebraic creation of enhanced tridiagonal preconditioners for various large matrices from the Sparse Matrix Collection and report runtimes in the order of milliseconds for graphs with millions of edges and vertices on an RTX 2080 Ti.
Advancing micro-scale cooling by utilizing liquid-liquid phase separation (2018)

Achieving effective cooling within limited space is one of the key challenges for miniaturized product design. State-of-the-art micro-scale cooling enhancement techniques incorporate flow disturbances and boiling to reach high performance. However, these methods face the inherent issues of extra pressure drop, flow instability and dry-out that limits heat flux. Here we demonstrate that substantial cooling capability enhancement, up to 2.5 times, is realized by introducing the phase separation of a triethylamine (TEA)/water mixture at the micro-scale. Our experiments show that the enhancement behavior is closely related to the system's initial composition, temperature, and flow conditions. Moreover, the mixture system exhibits reduced pressure drop after separation, which makes it more promising in serving practical applications. The results reveal new possibilities for liquid coolant selection and provide the experimental foundation for further research in this area.
Microcollimated energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction apparatus for studies at megabar pressures with a synchrotron source (1986)

A new high-pressure energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction apparatus is described. Two major features distinguish this system from previous ones: the ability to collect diffraction data from small sample areas subjected to pressures over 1 Mbar and to scan across the sample. This system also has the ability to calibrate the diffraction angle without making any assumptions about the lattice spacings of the sample.
Correlating Rheological and Bond Properties of Emulsions to Aggregate Retention of Chip Seals (2010)

The development of binder stiffness and bond strength is critical for new chip seals: loose aggregates must be minimized once a road enters into service. A new test protocol is presented: called the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test for evaluating emulsion setting behavior, the protocol can be used to evaluate aggregate retention and raveling potential of chip seals. The time required for the asphalt emulsion to gain adequate strength and adhesion to aggregate chips depends on aggregate–binder compatibility, environmental factors, and mechanical action. BBS test results demonstrate bond strength development over a full curing interval for a variety of materials and curing conditions. Results obtained using the BBS test are compared with dynamic shear rheometer strain sweep results to investigate a correlation between bond strength and the rutting parameter G * /sin δ. BBS test results are also correlated to aggregate loss as measured by the sweep test. This research may contribute to the ongoing development of specifications for construction and performance properties of asphalt emulsions used in surface treatments.
Autoflex: Service Agnostic Auto-scaling Framework for IaaS Deployment Models (2013)

Elasticity is a key property to reduce the costs associated with running services in cloud systems that employ an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) deployment model. However, to be able to exploit this property, users of IaaS systems need to be able to anticipate the short-term future demand of their own services, so that only the required infrastructure is requested at any instant in time. This guarantees that service level objectives (SLOs) are always honored by the users of IaaS systems, while over provisioning is avoided. The process of automatically change the amount of resources used to run a service in an IaaS system is named auto-scaling, and the state-of-the-practice uses simple reactive approaches. Although these approaches can successfully reduce the costs due to over provisioning, they are frequently insufficient to minimize the costs due to SLO violations. For that, proactive approaches are required. In this paper we propose a framework for the implementation of auto-scaling services that follows both reactive and proactive approaches. The latter is based on the use of a set of predictors of the future demand of services deployed over IaaS resources, and a selection mechanism that chooses, over time, what is the best predictor to be used. We have also proposed a correction method that uses historical data on the predictors' errors to reduce the probability of under provisioning the services, thus further diminishing the number of SLO violations. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed approach using production traces of HP customers. Our results show that costs savings of as much as 37% can be achieved, while the probability of an SLO violation can be kept, on average, as small as 0.008%, and never larger than 0.036%.