gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colon centreline calculation for CT colonography using optimised 3D opological thinning (2005)

CT colonography is an emerging technique for colorectal
cancer screening. This technique facilitates noninvasive
imaging of the colon interior by generating virtual
reality models of the colon lumen. Manual navigation
through these models is a slow and tedious process.
It is possible to automate navigation by calculating the centreline
of the colon lumen. There are numerous well documented
approaches for centreline calculation. Many of
these techniques have been developed as alternatives to 3D
topological thinning which has been discounted by others
due to its computationally intensive nature. This paper describes
a fully automated, optimised version of 3D topological
thinning that has been specifically developed for calculating
the centreline of the human colon.
FRAMER: A Cache-friendly Software-based Capability Model. (2018)

Fine-grained memory protection for C and C++ programs must track individual objects (or pointers), and store bounds information per object (pointer). Its cost is dominated by metadata updates and lookups, making efficient metadata management the key for minimizing performance impact. Existing approaches reduce metadata management overheads by sacrificing precision, breaking binary compatibility by changing object memory layout, or wasting space by excessive alignment or large shadow memory spaces. 
We propose FRAMER, a software capability model for object-granularity memory protection. Its efficient per-object metadata management mechanism enables direct access to metadata by calculating their location from a tagged pointer to the object and, for large objects, a compact supplementary table. The number of bits in this tag and the size of the supplementary table are balanced to minimize both using a novel technique. 
FRAMER is a general proposal for object metadata management with potential applications in memory safety, type safety, thread safety and garbage collection that improves over previous solutions by (1) increasing locality of reference by having objects carry their metadata, (2) streamlining expensive metadata lookups, (3) saving space by avoiding superfluous alignment and padding, (4) avoiding internal object memory layout changes.
Loci einer genomweiten Metaanalyse von Serum-Bilirubinwerten sind mit dem Gallensteinrisiko und der Gallensteinzusammensetzung assoziiert (2011)

Problemstellung: Mittels genomweiter Assoziationsstudien wurden Genloci lokalisiert, die mit Serum-Bilirubinwerten assoziiert sind. Da Bilirubin eine Hauptkomponente von Gallensteinen ist, haben wir untersucht ob die identifizierten Polymorphismen Prädiktoren für den Gallensteinbilirubingehalt und das allgemeine Gallensteinrisiko darstellen. Patienten und Methode: Alle Loci die in der Metaanalyse ein genomweites Signifikanzlevel von P&lt;1.0×10-7 aufwiesen (UGT1A1, SLCO1B1, LST-3TM12, SLCO1A2) wurden in 1018 Individuen mit bekannter Gallensteinzusammensetzung analysiert. Das Erkrankungsrisiko wurde in 2606 cholezystektomierten Patienten und 1121 sonographich steinfreien Kontrollen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurde in einer Südamerikanischen Kohorte repliziert. Ergebnisse: Die Präsenz von Bilirubin im Gallenstein wurde als Phänotyp benutzt. Die Varianten rs6742078 (UGT1A1, P=0.003), rs4149056 (SLCO1B1, P=0.003) und rs4149000 (SLCO1A2, P=0.015) waren hierbei mit der Steinzusammensetzung assoziiert. UGT1A1 und SLCO1B1 wurden als unabhängige Prädiktoren im Regressionsmodel behalten. UGT1A1 (rs6742078, P=0.018) war mit dem Gallensteinerkrankungsrisiko assoziiert. In einer geschlechtsstratifizierten post-hoc Analyse hatten jedoch nur männliche Träger der rs6742078 Variante ein erhöhtes Erkrankungsrisiko (P=2.1×10-7; ORrezessiv=2.34; PFrauen=0.47). Die Geschlechtsspezifität der Assoziation konnte in einer Südamerikanischen Kohorte bestätigt werden (PMänner=0.046; ORrezessiv=2.19, PFrauen=0.96). Schlussfolgerungen: Der UGT1A1 Gilbert- Syndrome Polymorphismus ist mit dem männlichen Gallensteinleiden assoziiert. Die Mehrheit der Gallensteine die mit der UGT1A1 Variante assoziiert sind, waren Cholesterinsteine, was auf eine mögliche Funktion der Pigmentpartikel als Nukleationsfaktoren in der Steinpathogenese hindeutet. Varianten der Gene ABCG8 und UGT1A1 sind die Hauptrisikofaktoren der Gallensteinerkrankung. Ihr Beitrag zum Populations Attributalem Risiko beträgt 21.2% in Männern.
Risk Factors for Dental Implant Failure in Private Practice: A Multicenter Survival Analysis (2021)

The implant survival probability for patients ≤ 70 years of age is 86.4% at 10 years in the course of routine private practice by experienced providers. Cautious interpretation of these results is critical, as the effects of known systemic risk factors are likely tempered by effective modifications in clinical decisions and protocols with short- and long-term follow-up maintenance.
Emerging Role of the Autophagy/Lysosomal Degradative Pathway in Neurodevelopmental Disorders With Epilepsy (2020)

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradative process that conveys dysfunctional proteins, lipids, and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. The post-mitotic nature, complex and highly polarized morphology, and high degree of specialization of neurons make an efficient autophagy essential for their homeostasis and survival. Dysfunctional autophagy occurs in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and autophagy at synaptic sites seems to play a crucial role in neurodegeneration. Moreover, a role of autophagy is emerging for neural development, synaptogenesis, and the establishment of a correct connectivity. Thus, it is not surprising that defective autophagy has been demonstrated in a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, often associated with early-onset epilepsy. Here, we discuss the multiple roles of autophagy in neurons and the recent experimental evidence linking neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy to genes coding for autophagic/lysosomal system-related proteins and envisage possible pathophysiological mechanisms ranging from synaptic dysfunction to neuronal death.
Crystalline ZnO thin film by hydrothermal growth (2011)

In this work, we have successfully synthesised ZnO crystal thin film with a high quality from hydrothermal reaction on sapphire substrate. The growth mechanism is clarified based on an extensive XTEM study. In addition, electrical and optical properties of the crystal thin film, which can be controlled by impurities, are characterized. The synthesis technique provides fairly high quality and cost-effective substrates for optoelectronic and renewable energy applications.
[Cerebellar Ataxia and Autoantibodies]. (2018)

The cerebellum is one of the main targets in the central nervous system for autoimmunity. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias include gluten ataxia, GAD antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia, Hashimoto's encephalopathy, and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Autoimmune cerebellar ataxia may be of either insidious or subacute onset, and vertigo or transient neurological symptoms occur in some patients before the onset of the disease, in contrast to spinocerebellar degeneration. If autoimmune cerebellar ataxia is suspected, early diagnosis and introduction of treatment are very important. For diagnosis, testing for gliadin antibody, TG6 antibody, GAD antibody, thyroid antibody, and anti-neuronal antibodies, including mGluR1, is useful. Magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based morphometry is also useful because it can detect cortical cerebellar atrophy of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, different from spinocerebellar ataxia. As for treatment, it is important to remove autoimmune triggering factors (e.g.,dietary gluten or neoplasm). When the ataxia symptoms are causing hindrances in the daily life, it is worth considering immunotherapy including IVIg, steroid therapy and so on.
(Keynote) Design of Electrocatalysts at Atomic Scale (2020)

In spite of large improvements in RDE, shaped nanoparticles do not exhibit substantial improvement in electrochemical devices, which requiresadditional steps in research aimed to development of more active nanoscale materials. The effect of nanoparticle size, surface mophology, composition and near-surface composition, shape, architecture, nature and porosity of the support will be thoroughly addressed. The main emphasis will be placed on the atomic precision approach that offers a new direction in the catalyst development. While hollow structures greatly diminish buried non-functional precious metal atoms, their uncommon geometry provides a pathway for tailoring physical and chemical properties. These structures can address some of the major design criteria for advanced nanoscale electrocatalysts, namely, high surface-to-volume ratio, 3D surface molecular accessibility, and optimal precious metal utilization, including durability and selectivity.
Joint hybridization of secondary fillers and polymers towards improved silica-reinforced NR tire tread compounds (2020)

To improve the properties of silica truck tire tread compounds, especially abrasion resistance, the effect of vinyl-contents in Butadiene Rubber (BR) or Solution Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SSBR) as secondary polymers in silica-filled Natural Rubber (NR) compounds at a ratio of 80/20 phr, is investigated in the first part. By increasing the vinyl-content in BR in combination with NR, a better Payne effect, 300% modulus, reinforcement index, tan delta at -20oC and 0oC are obtained, whereas tensile strength, elongation at break and DIN abrasion resistance index decrease with increasing vinyl-content. Increasing vinyl-contents in SSBR show improvements in Payne effect, 300% modulus, tan delta at -20oC and 0oC and a little in DIN abrasion resistance index. The combination of secondary filler and polymer in silica-filled NR are covered in the second part of the present study. Silica/Carbon Black (CB)-filled NR/BR and NR/SSBR, resp. silica/OrganoClay (OC)-filled NR/BR and NR/SSBR show positive effects on the scorch time, optimum cure time, with slightly changed Payne effect, tensile properties, tan delta at -20oC and 0oC, and DIN abrasion resistance as compared to the compound with CB N134. The use of OC shows enhancement in Payne effect and tan delta at 60oC, indicative of a reduced filler-filler network and consequently lower rolling resistance of the tire tread compound compared to the compound without OC.
Azidoaurates of the Alkali Metals. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intense and selective coloration of foams stabilized with functionalized particles (2009)

We report a new method for intense and selective coloring of foams stabilized by particles from cellulose derivatives. The addition of pH-sensitive dyes during the process of formation of hydrophobically modified cellulose (HMC) particles by a pH-jump leads to co-precipitation and strong adsorption of the pH-sensitive dyes on the cellulose particle surfaces at low pH. These strongly colored HMC particles not only act as strong stabilizers of the foams, but also allow their intense and selective coloration without any coloring of the solution medium. We characterized quantitatively the color intensity of these foams, analyzed the adsorption behavior of pH-sensitive dyes on the cellulose particles and showed that it follows well the Langmuir isotherm model. Lower pH of the media leads to stronger adsorption of the pH-sensitive dyes on the HMC particles due to the hydrophobic attraction under reduced electrostatic repulsion. The results illustrate how particle stabilizers can be used to impart additional functionality to foams and prepare dispersion systems of unusual properties.
CHAPTER 5. Reptile Venoms as a Platform for Drug Development (2015)

Although generally considered a potential health threat, reptiles are sources for a myriad of proteins and peptides, originating from their orally secreted venoms, that can help improve human health. Venoms have evolved to allow predatory reptiles to rapidly incapacitate their mostly vertebrate prey, and they are complex mixtures of biologically active toxins with high specificity toward physiological targets. It is this specificity that makes reptile venoms excellent sources for lead molecules that can be developed into potential life-saving therapeutics. Drugs developed based on venom research have aided in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension and thrombotic disorders as well as in the control of diabetes, thereby saving countless lives. With recent advances in screening for drug leads and an immense but relatively untapped source of lead molecules, reptile venoms represent a potential cornucopia of therapeutics and research tools to improve human medicine.
Myelomonocytic antigen positive multiple myeloma (1989)

In a four year span, between 1983 and 1987, 215 bone marrow and cell culture samples from 125 myeloma patients were immunotyped and coexpression of myelomonocytic and plasma cell antigens occurred in 16 (13%). We employed both immunohistochemical and flow cytometry methods including coplots and double labelling. Three types of myeloma cases were found: (1) those with isolated myeloid antigen coexpression, usually Leu M1 or esterase (BE, CE) positive (11 cases); (2) those with multiple myeloid antigens (Leu M1, M3, M5, MY7, BE, CE) (four cases); and (3) one case beginning as 1 and ending as 2. Isolated myeloid antigen expression was generally associated with typical features of myeloma with survival close to the anticipated median (33 months), while multiple myeloid antigen expression was associated with more aggressive disease and shorter survival duration (median survival 16 months). The latter subgroup also had other poor prognostic factors including high labelling index and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) positivity. Other features found overall were frequent abnormal karyotypes (seven of 12 abnormal) and coexpressed IgA (eight of 16); all IgA+ cases also coexpressed Leu M1. We conclude that there is an unusual and unexpected predilection for coexpression of myelomonocytic antigens in myeloma cells. The reasons are not immediately obvious. Whether the coexpression indicates that myeloma cells truly have latent multilineage potential or just aberrantly coexpress other hematopoietic antigens as a manifestation of malignancy remains to be explained. However, a cell line established from the bone marrow of one patient is a valuable scientific tool allowing detailed analysis of these questions.
Molecular modeling of metastable FeB49 phase evolution in laser surface engineered coating (2006)

Interstitial iron-boride phases have been a subject of research interest for a long time owing to their useful properties. Metastable FeB49 phase evolved during nonequilibrium laser surface engineering was investigated along with FeB, Fe2B, and Fe3B phases. Theoretical x-ray diffraction spectrum derived from numerically constructed FeB49 crystal matched with the experimental diffraction pattern from laser surface engineered boride coating on the steel substrate. Furthermore, employment of ab initio SIESTA 1.3 molecular modeling for computation of total crystal energy elucidated instability of the FeB49 phase. The generation of thermodynamically nonequilibrium phase FeB49 along with Fe3B phase was further confirmed by selected area diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses.
Advanced Hydrogen Transport Membranes for Vision 21 Fossil Fuel Plants (2006)

The objective of this project was to develop an environmentally benign, inexpensive, and efficient method for separating hydrogen from gas mixtures produced during industrial processes, such as coal gasification. A family of hydrogen separation membranes was developed including single phase mixed conducting ceramics, ceramic/ceramic composites, cermet membranes, cermet membranes containing a hydrogen permeable metal, and intermediate temperature composite layered membranes. Each membrane type had different operating parameters, advantages, and disadvantages that were documented over the course of the project. Research on these membranes progressed from ceramics to cermets to intermediate temperature composite layered membranes. During this progression performance was increased from 0.01 mL x min{sup -1} x cm{sup -2} up to 423 mL x min{sup -1} x cm{sup -2}. Eltron and team membranes not only developed each membrane type, but also membrane surface catalysis and impurity tolerance, creation of thin film membranes, alternative applications such as membrane promoted alkane dehydrogenation, demonstration of scale-up testing, and complete engineering documentation including process and mechanical considerations necessary for inclusion of Eltron membranes in a full scale integrated gasification combined cycle power plant. The results of this project directly led to a new $15 million program funded by the Department of Energy. This new project will focus exclusively on scale-up of this technology as part of the FutureGen initiative.
Skeletal muscle afferent regulation of bioassayable growth hormone in the rat pituitary (1998)

There are forms of growth hormone (GH) in the plasma and pituitary of the rat and in the plasma of humans that are undetected by presently available immunoassays (iGH) but can be measured by bioassay (bGH). Although the regulation of iGH release is well documented, the mechanism(s) of bGH release is unclear. On the basis of changes in bGH and iGH secretion in rats that had been exposed to microgravity conditions, we hypothesized that neural afferents play a role in regulating the release of these hormones. To examine whether bGH secretion can be modulated by afferent input from skeletal muscle, the proximal or distal ends of severed hindlimb fast muscle nerves were stimulated ( approximately 2 times threshold) in anesthetized rats. Plasma bGH increased approximately 250%, and pituitary bGH decreased approximately 60% after proximal nerve trunk stimulation. The bGH response was independent of muscle mass or whether the muscles were flexors or extensors. Distal nerve stimulation had little or no effect on plasma or pituitary bGH. Plasma iGH concentrations were unchanged after proximal nerve stimulation. Although there may be multiple regulatory mechanisms of bGH, the present results demonstrate that the activation of low-threshold afferents from fast skeletal muscles can play a regulatory role in the release of bGH, but not iGH, from the pituitary in anesthetized rats.
Preparation of 2'-13C-L-Histidine Starting from 13C-Thiocyanate: Synthetic Access to Any Site-Directed Stable Isotope Enriched L-Histidine (2014)

1-Benzyl-2-(methylthio)-imidazole-5-ketone is obtained in a few simple steps starting from thiocyanate and glycine amide (glycin). Subsequent treatment with diethyl phosphorocyanidate and functional group manipulations gives 1-benzyl-5-chloromethyl-imidazolium chloride. This compound is converted under mild O'Donnell conditions into the corresponding L-histidine derivative. After deprotection L-histidine is obtained in good yield and 99% enantiomeric excess. 2'-13C-L-Histidine has been obtained via this new scheme with high (99%) 13C incorporation starting with commercially available 13C- thiocyanate. This synthetic scheme allows access to any isotopomer of L-histidine and many other biologically important imidazole derivatives.
Assembly of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives by two types of domino reaction (1995)

On treatment with titanium(IV) chloride, the allylsilane 1 readily cyclised by a domino-type process to give a spiro compound 6 as the main product, while the reaction of unsilylated 8 or 9 with tin(IV) chloride provided the aromatic products 7.
A Probiotic &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;/i&gt; Strain Can Acquire Vancomycin Resistance during Digestive Transit in Mice (2007)

The present study demonstrates for the first time the transfer of vancomycin resistance (vanA cluster) from enterococci to a Lactobacillusacidophilus commercial strain. Transfers were observed in vitro, but also in vivo in the gut of mice (in the absence of antibiotic pressure) where transconjugants arose at relatively high frequencies and could persist in the digestive environment. Since transfer of vancomycin resistance genes might also take place in the human digestive tract, lactobacilli probiotics should be carefully considered especially in either immunocompromised patients or during antibiotherapy. Acquisition and retransfer of resistance genes should be addressed in the safety evaluation of probiotics.
In vitro estimation of drug loss during the implantation procedure of drug-eluting stents (2012)

Drug-eluting stents are drug/device combinatory products designed to physically re-establish the blood flow in arteriosclerotic blood vessels and deliver anti-proliferative drugs to the stented vessel section to prevent neointimal hyperplasia. Drug that is released during the implantation procedure is washed away with the blood flow. It was our aim to estimate this drug loss using stents coated with fluorescent model substances in an in vitro setup. Stents mounted on balloon catheters were introduced into a polymethacrylate coronary artery model (adapted from ASTM standard F 2394-07 intended for measurement of securement of stents on delivery systems) via a guiding catheter. The system was perfused by phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 at a flow-rate adapted to the blood flow-rate in coronary arteries. The perfusate was collected in fractions and model substance content was determined fluorimetrically. The hydrophilic model substance fluorescein sodium was released very fast resulting in a loss of approximately 64 % of the drug load within the first minute and up to 82 % after 5 minutes. The hydrophobic model substance triamterene was released much slower from the coating. A total loss of 5 % was detected after 5 minutes. Furthermore, commercially available sirolimus-eluting Cypher Select + stents were tested. Release into the media was not detected. Obviously, the drug-free top coating effectively prevented drug release during the simulated passage to the site of implantation. An in vitro test system to estimate drug loss during the implantation procedure of drug-eluting stents was successfully established. First results using fluorescent model substances indicate that vast losses have to be expected when using fast releasing delivery systems. Therefore, the model may also prove valuable for the in vitro testing of drug-eluting balloons. Further adaptations, such as the inclusion of biorelevant media, may be suitable to further improve the predictability of in vivo performance.
Radiation Effect of Carboxyl-Functionalized Task-Specific Ionic Liquids on UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> Removal: Experimental Study with DFT Validation (2017)

Experimental study with DFT validation on the effect of radiation on 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([HOOCCH<sub>2</sub>MIM][NTf<sub>2</sub>]) as a solvent and extractant in rapid homogeneous extraction of UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> was performed for the first time. The radiolytic products of the anions and cations of [HOOCCH<sub>2</sub>MIM][NTf<sub>2</sub>] were identified by <sup>19</sup>F NMR and high-resolution ESI-MS, respectively, and they were attributed to a decrease in UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> partitioning. Experimental study with DFT validation for complexing reactions between [HOOCCH<sub>2</sub>MIM][NTf<sub>2</sub>] and radiolytic products proved that F<sup>-</sup> competition was one of the main reasons for the decrease in UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> partitioning. However, UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> partitioning in irradiated [HOOCCH<sub>2</sub>MIM][NTf<sub>2</sub>] can largely be recovered after thorough water washing because of the removal of radiolytic products of [NTf<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>.