gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of hard-limiter and error correction coding on performance of direct-detection optical CDMA systems with PPM signaling (2002)

We analyze the effects of an optical hard-limiter and error correction coding on the performance of direct-detection optical synchronous CDMA systems with, pulse position modulation (PPM) signaling; Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and convolutional codes (CCs) with soft-decision Viterbi decoding are employed. We analyze the upper bound on the performance under the assumption of Poisson shot noise model for the receiver photodetector and the noise due to the detector dark currents is considered. We analyze the performance under average power and bit rate constraints. Our results show that the upper bound on the performance of the system with the optical hard-limiter becomes tighter as M is increased. Moreover, RS codes are shown to be more effective to reduce an asymptotic floor to the error probability of the system with large M, while CCs with soft-decision Viterbi decoding is more effective for the system with small M.
Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Real Practice Analysis (2016)

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a major preventable cause of stroke and hospitalizations, with an estimate prevalence of 2.5%. Current guidelines recommend oral anticoagulant therapy for AF patients at moderate or high risk of stroke. However, despite the effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in stroke prevention, such a therapy remains broadly underused. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate Vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs) treatment in patients with Non Vascular AF (NVAF) in everyday clinical practice in light of current treatment guidelines, and to analyze the costs associated with patient management. Methods This retrospective observational study was performed utilizing several databases of the Local Health Authority 9 of Treviso, Italy, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. The cohort of patients affected by NVAF was identified on the basis of Hospital Discharge Records of the years 2010-2013, considering ICD9-CM diagnosis codes for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. After the first diagnosis of NVAF, patients have been stratified according to the individual stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc score), therapeutic treatment with VKA and achievement of anticoagulation control (Time in Therapeutic Range, TTR). The cost analysis for the year 2013 was performed for naïve and prevalent patients, separately; for naïve patients, costs in the year 2014 were also evaluated, so that data available for each patient referred to a minimum period of 12 months. Results The cohort of patients with NVAF identified for the years 2010-2013 comprised 4855 patients, of which 53% were treated with oral VKAs. This percentage decreases to 29.6% considering only patients with at least 6 continuative months of therapy and at least 8 INR (International Normalized Ratio) controls. Furthermore, only 31% of VKA-treated patients reached the therapeutic target (TTR ≥65%). The cost analysis showed that naïve patients cost 1.4 times more than prevalent patients. In particular, clinician visits and hospitalizations represent the key cost drivers. On the other hand, costs for anticoagulant and cardiovascular therapies are the lowest expense items, although also in this case they are higher for incident compared to prevalent patients. Conclusions Management of NVAF patients treated with VKA is challenging, because of the high rate of treatment disaffection and discontinuation. In treated patients, TTR amelioration appears to be a crucial point for effectively preventing thromboembolic risk and reducing rehospitalization costs due to cardiovascular events.
Rotational atherectomy for left anterior descending artery septal perforator stenosis (1999)

Stenosis in large septal perforators can result in significant clinical ischemia. The distribution of the septal arteries is as large as many more commonly treated branch vessels. The interventricular septal blood supply has been ignored as a target for revascularization due to its inaccessibility for surgical revascularization, and the elastic recoil associated with balloon angioplasty in this location. Rotational atherectomy is a new therapeutic option for revascularization in this previously difficult location. The septal perforator ostium is the most common site of lesions and is functionally a branch ostial stenosis. We describe four cases in which rotational atherectomy was performed in patients with reversible ischemia due to septal artery stenosis. The acute angiographic results were stable, without evidence for immediate recoil. By debulking, facilitated angioplasty can yield stable acute results in this location. The small size of most septal branches and their angulated origin make rotational atherectomy challenging, and cases must be selected carefully. This previously ignored lesion location can be considered for revascularization in patients with suitable lesion and vessel morphology.
Immune-Mediated Systemic Vasculitis as the Proposed Cause of Sudden-Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss following Lassa Virus Exposure in Cynomolgus Macaques (2018)

Lassa virus (LASV) causes a severe, often fatal hemorrhagic disease in regions in Africa where the disease is endemic, and approximately 30% of patients develop sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss after recovering from acute disease. The causal mechanism of hearing loss in LASV-infected patients remains elusive. Here, we report findings after closely examining the chronic disease experienced by surviving macaques assigned to LASV exposure control groups in two different studies. All nonhuman primates (NHPs) developed typical signs and symptoms of Lassa fever, and seven succumbed during the acute phase of disease. Three NHPs survived beyond the acute phase and became chronically ill but survived to the study endpoint, 45 days postexposure. All three of these survivors displayed continuous disease symptoms, and apparent hearing loss was observed using daily subjective measurements, including response to auditory stimulation and tuning fork tests. Objective measurements of profound unilateral or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were confirmed for two of the survivors by brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) analysis. Histologic examination of inner ear structures and other tissues revealed the presence of severe vascular lesions consistent with systemic vasculitides. These systemic immune-mediated vascular disorders have been associated with sudden hearing loss. Other vascular-specific damage was also observed to be present in many of the sampled tissues, and we were able to identify persistent virus in the perivascular tissues in the brain tissue of survivors. Serological analyses of two of the three survivors revealed the presence of autoimmune disease markers. Our findings point toward an immune-mediated etiology for Lassa fever-associated sudden-onset hearing loss and lay the foundation for developing potential therapies to prevent and/or cure Lassa fever-associated sudden-onset hearing loss.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Lassa virus is one of the most common causes of viral hemorrhagic fever. A frequent, but as yet unexplained, consequence of infection with Lassa virus is acute, sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss in one or both ears. Deafness is observed in approximately 30% of surviving Lassa fever patients, an attack rate that is approximately 300% higher than mumps virus infection, which was previously thought to be the most common cause of virus-induced deafness. Here, we provide evidence from Lassa virus-infected cynomolgus macaques implicating an immune-mediated vasculitis syndrome underlying the pathology of Lassa fever-associated deafness. These findings could change the way human Lassa fever patients are medically managed in order to prevent deafness by including diagnostic monitoring of human survivors for onset of vasculitides via available imaging methods and/or other diagnostic markers of immune-mediated vascular disease.
Novel Fabrication and Testing Methods for Micro-Optics (2017)

Micro-optics is an indispensable key enabling technology (KET) for many productions and applications today. We report on the state of the art of wafer-scale manufacturing, testing and packaging of diffractive and refractive micro-optics.
Antiferromagnetic parametric resonance driven by voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (2022)

Voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) is a low-energy alternative to manipulate the ferromagnetic state, which has been recently considered also in antiferromagnets (AFMs). Here, we theoretically demonstrate that VCMA can be used to excite linear and parametric resonant modes in easy-axis AFMs with perpendicular anisotropy, thus opening the way for an efficient electrical control of the Neel vector, and for detection of high-frequency dynamics. Our work leads to two key results: (i) VCMA parametric pumping experiences the so-called exchange enhancement of the coupling efficiency and, thus, is 1-2 orders of magnitude more efficient than microwave magnetic fields or spin-orbit-torques, and (ii) it also allows for zero-field parametric resonance, which cannot be achieved by other parametric pumping mechanisms in AFMs with out-of-plane easy axis. Therefore, we demonstrate that the VCMA parametric pumping is the most promising method for coherent excitation and manipulation of AFM order in perpendicular easy-axis AFMs.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Novel Class of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Inhibitors (2000)

Abstract Purine nucleoside phosphorylase.(PNP, EC. 2.4.2.1) functions as a salvage enzyme in the purine and is important in the T-cell portion of the immune system As such, PNP is an important therapeutic target for diseases which are T-cell mediated. The biochemical basis for using PNP inhibitors as well as the various classes of inhibitors developed has been recently reviewed. Using X-ray crystallography we have designed and synthesized a series of 7-substituted 2-amino-1,5-dihydroHpyrrolo[3,2-djpyrimidin-4-ones which are potent PNP inhibitors .2-5 The 3-(pyridinylmethyl) derivative 1 (BCX-34, peldesine, IC50 = 0.036 ± 0.003 μM) is in clinical trials for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell Ivqphoma. acute lymphoblastic leukemia and HIV infections.
Corepressors LCoR and KAP1 form a complex with the transcription factor ZBRK1 to silence FGF2 gene expression and maintain breast cancer cell viability (2013)

Through the use of a yeast two‐hybrid screen, we have a found a novel interaction between the C‐terminal domain of the transcriptional coregulator ligand‐dependent corepressor (LCoR) and the transcriptional corepressor Kruppel‐associated protein‐1 (KAP‐1). These transcriptional regulators associate with the transcription factor ZBRK1 and repress the expression of the Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) and Growth Arrest and DNA‐Damage‐inducible alpha (GADD45A) genes in breast cancer cell lines. Remarkably, ablation of ZBRK1, KAP‐1, or LCoR expression led to apoptotic death of specific breast cancer cells. This loss of viability could be partly rescued by simultaneous knockdown of FGF2, which abrogated the elevated FGF2 production in ZBRK1‐, KAP‐1, or LCoR‐deficient cells. Studies show that more malignant phenotypes in breast cancer are associated with loss of FGF2 expression, although the mechanism of this loss is poorly understood. We propose that ZBRK1, KAP‐1, and LCoR form a transcriptional complex that silences expression of genes, in particular FGF2, which enhances specific breast cancer cell viability. Research funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).
Designing for Biodiversity (2019)

The built environment has the potential to have a major impact on biodiversity, not least with the increasingly demanding requirements to design more energy efficient and airtight buildings, leaving less space for species to inhabit. The construction industry has an important role to play in ensuring that buildings are designed and refurbished in a way in which biodiversity can be enhanced. Through written guidance and architectural drawings, this book advises on how to incorporate provision for biodiversity within developments. With sections on different building-reliant species, general principles for design, ready-made products that be incorporated into designs, and legislation, policy and regulations, this book is an invaluable resource for all architects, ecologists and anyone involved in designing or briefing for biodiversity in buildings.
Uncovering complex central autonomic networks at rest: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on complex cardiovascular oscillations (2020)

This study aims to uncover brain areas that are functionally linked to complex cardiovascular oscillations in resting-state conditions. Multi-session functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and cardiovascular data were gathered from 34 healthy volunteers recruited within the human connectome project (the '100-unrelated subjects' release). Group-wise multi-level fMRI analyses in conjunction with complex instantaneous heartbeat correlates (entropy and Lyapunov exponent) revealed the existence of a specialized brain network, i.e. a complex central autonomic network (CCAN), reflecting what we refer to as complex autonomic control of the heart. Our results reveal CCAN areas comprised the paracingulate and cingulate gyri, temporal gyrus, frontal orbital cortex, planum temporale, temporal fusiform, superior and middle frontal gyri, lateral occipital cortex, angular gyrus, precuneous cortex, frontal pole, intracalcarine and supracalcarine cortices, parahippocampal gyrus and left hippocampus. The CCAN visible at rest does not include the insular cortex, thalamus, putamen, amygdala and right caudate, which are classical CAN regions peculiar to sympatho-vagal control. Our results also suggest that the CCAN is mainly involved in complex vagal control mechanisms, with possible links with emotional processing networks.
Electronic and Mechanical Properties of Graphene–Germanium Interfaces Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2015)

Epitaxially oriented wafer-scale graphene grown directly on semiconducting Ge substrates is of high interest for both fundamental science and electronic device applications. To date, however, this material system remains relatively unexplored structurally and electronically, particularly at the atomic scale. To further understand the nature of the interface between graphene and Ge, we utilize ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) along with Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe interfacial atomic structure and chemistry. STS reveals significant differences in electronic interactions between graphene and Ge(110)/Ge(111), which is consistent with a model of stronger interaction on Ge(110) leading to epitaxial growth. Raman spectra indicate that the graphene is considerably strained after growth, with more point-to-point variation on Ge(111). Furthermore, this native strain influences the atomic structure of the interface by inducing metastable and previously unobserved Ge surface reconstructions following annealing. These nonequilibrium reconstructions cover >90% of the surface and, in turn, modify both the electronic and mechanical properties of the graphene overlayer. Finally, graphene on Ge(001) represents the extreme strain case, where graphene drives the reorganization of the Ge surface into [107] facets. From this work, it is clear that the interaction between graphene and the underlying Ge is not only dependent on the substrate crystallographic orientation, but is also tunable and strongly related to the atomic reconfiguration of the graphene-Ge interface.
Fun with Fonts: Algorithmic Typography (2014)

Over the past decade, we have designed six typefaces based on mathematical theorems and open problems, specifically computational geometry. These typefaces expose the general public in a unique way to intriguing results and hard problems in hinged dissections, geometric tours, origami design, computer-aided glass design, physical simulation, and protein folding. In particular, most of these typefaces include puzzle fonts, where reading the intended message requires solving a series of puzzles which illustrate the challenge of the underlying algorithmic problem.
Clinical and Bacteriologic Impact of Rifabutin Prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (1997)

We conducted a prospective observational study to determine the feasibility and impact of rifabutin prophylaxis (300 mg daily) for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients whose CD4 cell counts were <100/mm3. Three hundred seventy-one patients (65.2% of all patients with CD4 cell counts of <100/mm3 [mean +/- SD, 30 +/- 25/mm3]) received rifabutin prophylaxis for a mean duration +/- SD of 35.5 +/- 34.2 weeks; 198 patients (mean CD4 cell count +/- SD, 51.6 +/- 32/mm3) did not receive prophylaxis. Rifabutin prophylaxis for 8.4% of patients was interrupted because of adverse events. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteremia developed in 17 (4.6%) of 371 patients receiving rifabutin prophylaxis and in 22 (11.1%) of 198 patients not receiving rifabutin prophylaxis. The mean CD4 cell count +/- SD at the diagnosis of MAC bacteremia was lower in patients receiving prophylaxis than in those not receiving prophylaxis (11.5 +/- 6.8/mm3 vs. 34.7 +/- 36/mm3, respectively; P < .01). MICs for MAC strains isolated from patients receiving prophylaxis were less than or equal to those for strains isolated from patients not receiving prophylaxis.
Reversible optical storage utilizing pulsed, photoinduced, electric-field-assisted reorientation of azobenzenes (1995)

We demonstrate a method of permanent optical recording of digital data which exploits a fast photoisomerization of nonlinear molecules, followed by a slow permanent alignment within a polymer. Write and erase cycles are initiated by rapidly photoisomerizing azobenzene molecules into an intermediate state with a larger mobility. The molecules align or randomly orient within the polymer depending on the presence or absence of an electric field. During orientation, relaxation to a stable isomer occurs and the alignment becomes permanent. The recorded information can then be nondestructively read by second-harmonic generation. Nanosecond optical exposures were used, demonstrating that extremely fast recording rates are possible.
Development of polarity in cerebellar granule neurons (1997)

Axon formation in developing cerebellar granule neurons in situ is spatially and temporally segregated from subsequent neuronal migration and dendrite formation. To examine the role of local environmental cues on early steps in granule cell differentiation, the sequence of morphologic development and polarized distribution of membrane proteins was determined in granule cells isolated from contact with other cerebellar cell types. Granule cells cultured at low density developed their characteristic axonal and dendritic morphologies in a series of discrete temporal steps highly similar to those observed in situ, first extending a unipolar process, then long, thin bipolar axons, and finally becoming multipolar, forming short dendrites around the cell body. Axonal- and dendritic-specific cytoskeletal markers were segregated to the morphologically distinct domains. The cell surface distribution of a specific class of endogenous glycoproteins, those linked to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor, was also examined. The GPI-anchored protein, TAG-1, which is segregated to the parallel fiber axons in situ, was found exclusively on granule cell axons in vitro; however, two other endogenous GPI-anchored proteins were found on both the axonal and somatodendritic domains. These results demonstrate that granule cells develop polarity in a cell type-specific manner in the absence of the spatial cues of the developing cerebellar cortex.
Computerized Ultrasound B-Scan Texture Analysis of Experimental Fatty Liver Disease: Influence of Total Lipid Content and Fat Deposit Distribution (1990)

Statistical pattern recognition procedures allow a quantitative description of ultrasound-B-scan image texture. According to well-established animal models, different types of fatty liver disease were induced in female Wistar rats. For the correlation of the computerized ultrasound image with its underlying histology a variable tissue model based on histomorphological data, texture analysis of the histological image and biochemical measurements of total lipid, water and hydroxyproline content was created. Whereas a regional arrangement of large fat deposits leads to a significant increase in the "mean grey level" (measure of image brightness) of the ultrasound-B-scan image, there is no difference in image brightness between normal liver tissue and liver steatosis for the tissue model with diffuse homogeneous fatty infiltration. It is demonstrated by multiple linear regression analysis that the "mean grey level" of the ultrasound-B-scan image depends not only on total lipid content but even more on the histomorphological fat deposit distribution.
Recent Development in Carbon-LiFePO4 Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Mini Review (2022)

Li-ion batteries are in demand due to technological advancements in the electronics industry; thus, expanding the battery supply chain and improving its electrochemical performance is crucial. Carbon materials are used to increase the cyclic stability and specific capacity of cathode materials, which are essential to batteries. LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes are generally safe and have a long cycle life. However, the common LFP cathode has a low inherent conductivity, and adding a carbon nanomaterial significantly influences how well it performs electrochemically. Therefore, the major focus of this review is on the importance, current developments, and future possibilities of carbon-LFP (C-LFP) cathodes in LIBs. Recent research on the impacts of different carbon sizes, LFP’s shape, diffusion, bonding, additives, dopants, and surface functionalization was reviewed. Overall, with suitable modifications, C-LFP cathodes are expected to bring many benefits to the energy storage sector in the forthcoming years.
Autotuning Stencil-Based Computations on GPUs (2012)

Finite-difference, stencil-based discretization approaches are widely used in the solution of partial differential equations describing physical phenomena. Newton-Krylov iterative methods commonly used in stencil-based solutions generate matrices that exhibit diagonal sparsity patterns. To exploit these structures on modern GPUs, we extend the standard diagonal sparse matrix representation and define new matrix and vector data types in the PETSc parallel numerical toolkit. We create tunable CUDA implementations of the operations associated with these types after identifying a number of GPU-specific optimizations and tuning parameters for these operations. We discuss our implementation of GPU auto tuning capabilities in the Orio framework and present performance results for several kernels, comparing them with vendor-tuned library implementations.