gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12518: Echocardiographic Features and Natural History of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Cardiac Sarcoidosis With or Without Pulmonary Involvement (2022)

Introduction: Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a non-ischemic disease which can present with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, but there is a paucity of research describing RV function and natural history in CS. Methods: We queried a registry of 512 CS patients for those with baseline and follow-up echocardiography (TTE). Demographics, medications, and baseline/follow-up TTE data were collected. RV-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) coupling was approximated by ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE:ePASP). Results: Our query yielded 343 CS patients with mean age 56y (σ=12y), who were predominantly male (67%) and white (90%) with a median follow-up 4y (interquartile range 4.1y). Most had pulmonary sarcoidosis (68%). Baseline TTE data showed left ventricular ejection fraction 48% (σ=14), abnormal RV function with RV systolic pressure (ePASP) 34 mmHg (σ=11), TAPSE 21mm (σ=5), RV S′ 0.14 m/s (σ=0.07), and RV-PA uncoupling (TAPSE:ePASP 0.69 mm/mm Hg, σ=0.25). Baseline RV function parameters did not differ by pulmonary involvement of sarcoidosis. 92% received immunosuppression and 65% received neurohormonal blockade. In long-term follow-up, the overall cohort demonstrated a trend towards worsening of both RV S’ and RV-PA coupling (P=.02 and P=.003 for linear trend, respectively) but stable ePASP (P=.11). Trends in both non-invasive ePASP and RV-PA coupling were similar in patients with and without pulmonary involvement (P=.48 and P=.79, respectively). Conclusions: In our large CS cohort with extensive follow-up, metrics of RV function and RV-PA coupling are often abnormal at CS diagnosis. Echocardiographic measures of PASP tend to remain stable but markers of RV dysfunction, including RV-PA coupling, tend to worsen throughout the disease course irrespective of pulmonary sarcoidosis. More granular phenotyping of pulmonary hypertension in CS is required to better understand this relationship.
Thromboelastography (<scp>TEG</scp>) Cups and Pins with Different <scp>PECVD</scp> Coatings: Effect on the Coagulation Cascade in Platelet‐poor Blood Plasma (2013)

Thromboelastography uses cups and pins made of Cyrolite® plastic to analyze the rate of fibrin clot formation in blood samples. In this study, TEG cups and pins were modified by 4 distinct coating types using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD): carboxylated, amine‐rich, hydrophobic, SiO 2 , and analyzed for surface chemistry and wettability. We tested the hypothesis that the coagulation kinetics of recalcified citrated blood plasma is controlled by surface chemistry, in the absence of clot activator. Only carboxylated surfaces became negatively charged upon wetting, and accelerated clot formation in a highly reproducible manner, whereas Cyrolite® and the other coatings had delayed and unpredictable clotting times. These data are consistent with a model whereby carboxylated surfaces selectively adsorb and activate factor XII while repelling other more abundant anionic blood proteins, resulting in reproducible clot kinetics.
Wave propagation in birefringent materials with off-axis absorption or gain (2016)

The polarization direction of an electromagnetic field changes and eventually reaches a steady state when propagating through a birefringent material with off-axis absorption or gain. The steady state orientation direction depends on the magnitude of the absorption (gain) and the phase retardation rate. The change in the polarization direction is experimentally demonstrated in weakly doped $(0.05%)\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}{\text{Pr}}^{3+}:{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{SiO}}_{5}$ crystals, where the light polarization, if initially aligned along the most strongly absorbing principal axis, gradually switches to a much less absorbing polarization state during the propagation. This means that the absorption coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ in birefringent materials generally varies with length. This is important for, e.g., laser crystal gain media, highly absorbing and narrow band spectral filters and quantum memories.
Direct Conductance Measurement of Individual Metallo‐DNA Duplexes within Single‐Molecule Break Junctions (2011)

Bridging the gap: The electrical conductance of individual metallo-DNA duplexes that bridge a carbon nanotube gap can be measured and switched by use of Cu2+ ions (see picture, yellow sphere: Cu2+). These studies form the basis for new exciting research that interfaces molecular nanodevices with biological systems.
Fimbria‐Fornix Transections Selectively Down‐Regulate Subtypes of Glutamate Transporter and Glutamate Receptor Proteins in Septum and Hippocampus (1996)

The effects of CNS axotomy on glutamate transporter and glutamate receptor expression were evaluated in adult rats following unilateral fimbria-fornix transections. The septum and hippocampus were collected at 3, 7, 14, and 30 days postlesion. Homogenates were immunoblotted by using antibodies directed against glutamate transporters (GLT-1, GLAST, and EAAC1) and glutamate receptors (GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR6/7, and NMDAR1), and they were assayed for glutamate transport by D-[3H]aspartate binding. GLT-1 was decreased at 7 and 14 days postlesion within the ipsilateral septum and at 7 days postlesion in the hippocampus. GLAST was decreased within the ipsilateral septum and hippocampus at 7 and 14 days postlesion. No postlesion alterations in EAAC1 immunoreactivity were observed. D-[3H]Aspartate binding was decreased at 7, 14, and 30 days postlesion within the ipsilateral septum and 14 days postlesion in the hippocampus. GluR2/3 expression was down-regulated at 30 days postlesion within the ipsilateral septum, whereas GluR1, GluR6/7, and NMDAR1 immunoreactivity was unchanged. In addition, no alterations in glutamate receptor expression were detected within hippocampal homogenates. This study demonstrates a selective down-regulation of primarily glial, and not neuronal, glutamate transporters and a delayed, subtype-specific down-regulation of septal GluR2/3 receptor expression after regional deafferentation within the CNS.
Effects of cardiac-restricted overexpression of the A<sub>2A</sub>adenosine receptor on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity (2010)

Activation of the A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)R) has been shown to be cardioprotective. We hypothesized that A(2A)R overexpression could protect the heart from adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing the A(2A)R and wild-type mice (WT) were injected with adriamycin (5 mg.kg(-1).wk(-1) ip, 4 wk). All WT mice survived adriamycin treatment while A(2A)R TG mice suffered 100% mortality at 4 wk. Telemetry showed progressive prolongation of the QT interval, bradyarrhythmias, heart block, and sudden death in adriamycin-treated A(2A)R TG but not WT mice. Both WT and A(2A)R TG demonstrated similar decreases in heart function at 3 wk after treatment. Adriamycin significantly increased end-diastolic intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in A(2A)R TG but not in WT myocytes (P < 0.05). Compared with WT myocytes, action potential duration increased dramatically in A(2A)R TG myocytes (P < 0.05) after adriamycin treatment. Expression of connexin 43 was decreased in adriamycin treated A(2A)R TG but not WT mice. In sharp contrast, A(2A)R overexpression induced after the completion of adriamycin treatment resulted in no deaths and enhanced cardiac performance compared with WT adriamycin-treated mice. Our results indicate that the timing of A(2A)R activation is critical in terms of exacerbating or protecting adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. Our data have direct relevance on the clinical use of adenosine agonists or antagonists in the treatment of patients undergoing adriamycin therapy.
Drug-membrane interactions studied by molecular dynamics simulation: size dependence of diffusion. (1996)

Bioavailability, largely due to membrane permeation, is an important step in the drug delivery process and therefore drug design. In this study, a series of molecular dynamics simulations (totaling 10's of nanoseconds) of small molecules (varying in size, and functional groups) in lipid bilayer membranes were used to elucidate the mechanism of diffusion of drugs within biomembranes. These simulations accurately reproduce many experimentally observed parameters. The simulations also agree with theory that indicates the lipid bilayer has internal structure that influences the diffusion process and that even within the hydrocarbon regions there are distinct regions between which the rate and mechanism of diffusion varies. In particular, in agreement with experiment and theory the small solutes were found to diffuse by a mechanism different from that of large molecules. These variations are linked to the frequency and size of spontaneously arising voids within the bilayer as well as the rate of torsional isomerization of the hydrocarbon chains.
E-Mail Research: Targeting the Enterprise (2005)

The research program at IBM’s ® Collaborative User Experience (CUE) group supports an e-mail system used by millions of people. We present three lessons learned from working with real-world enterprise e-mail solutions. First, a pragmatic, system-level approach reveals that e-mail programs are generally used idiosyncratically, often for many different goals at once. This fact has strong implications for both the design and assessment of new features. Second, we discuss how viewing e-mail as an element of corporate collaboration—not just communication—provides insights into problems with current systems as well as potential solutions. Third, we describe constraints imposed by the realities of software development and how they shape the space of feasible new designs. Finally, we illustrate these lessons with an overview of CUE research strategies in the context of Martin Wattenberg is a computer scientist with an interest in information visualization and collaboration; he is a researcher in the Collaborative User Experience research group of IBM. Steve Rohall is a computer scientist with an
Possible Electrical Double‐Layer Contribution to the Equilibrium Thickness of Intergranular Glass Films in Polycrystalline Ceramics (1993)

The plausibility of the entropic repulsion of electrical double layers acting to stabilize an equilibrium thickness of intergranular glass films in polycrystalline ceramics is explored. Estimates of the screening length, surface potential, and surface charge required to provide a repulsive force sufficiently large to balance the attractive van der Waals and capillary forces for observable thicknesses of intergranular film are calculated and do not appear to be beyond possibility. However, it has yet to be established whether crystalline particles in a liquid‐phase sintering medium possess an electrical double layer at high temperatures. If they do, such a surface charge layer may well have important consequences not only for liquid‐phase sintering but also for high‐frequency electrical properties and microwave sintering of ceramics containing a liquid phase.
Plasma Sphingomyelins in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

We recommend additional comprehensive plasma lipidomics in experimental and clinical biospecimens related to LOAD that might advance the utility of plasma sphingomyelin levels in molecular phenotyping and interpretations of pathobiological mechanisms.
Increase in short-chain ceramides correlates with an altered lipid organization and decreased barrier function in atopic eczema patients (2012)

A hallmark of atopic eczema (AE) is skin barrier dysfunction. Lipids in the stratum corneum (SC), primarily ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol, are crucial for the barrier function, but their role in relation to AE is indistinct. Filaggrin is an epithelial barrier protein with a central role in the pathogenesis of AE. Nevertheless, the precise causes of AE-associated barrier dysfunction are largely unknown. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of ceramide composition and lipid organization in nonlesional SC of AE patients and control subjects was performed by means of mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the skin barrier and clinical state of the disease were examined. The level of ceramides with an extreme short chain length is drastically increased in SC of AE patients, which leads to an aberrant lipid organization and a decreased skin barrier function. Changes in SC lipid properties correlate with disease severity but are independent of filaggrin mutations. We demonstrate for the first time that changes in ceramide chain length and lipid organization are directly correlated with the skin barrier defects in nonlesional skin of AE patients. We envisage that these insights will provide a new therapeutic entry in therapy and prevention of AE.
Effect of mechanical stress on the stability of flexible InGaZnO thin-film transistors (2017)

Demonstrated herein is the effect of mechanical stress on the device performance and stability of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) on a flexible polyimide substrate. Flexible TFTs were placed on jigs with various bending radii to apply different degrees of mechanical strain on them. When the tensile strain on the TFTs was increased from 0.19% to 0.93%, the threshold voltage shifted after a 10,000 s increase in bias–temperature–stress (BTS), under vacuum conditions. The BTS instability was further exacerbated when the device was exposed to the air ambient at a 0.93% strain. The device reliability deteriorated due to the increase in the subgap density of states as well as the enhanced ambient effects via the strain-induced gas permeation paths.
Control of Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in Communication Networks (2006)

We propose a novel, dynamical systems-based approach for analysis and control of the complex dynamic behavior arising in communication networks. Specifically, we consider the Active Queue Management (AQM) problem and study the non-equilibrium behavior observed as a result of the interaction between deterministic queueing and nonlinear flow-control dynamics using a stochastic characterization. The asymptotic dynamics are interpreted using invariant measures of certain stochastic operators. For computational tractability, we use set-oriented numerical methods to construct finite-dimensional Markov models including control Markov chains and hidden Markov models. Based on the stochastic model constructed, we pose and solve the AQM control problem using Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). The framework developed is demonstrated through a numerical study of an example AQM scheme, which shows persistent non-equilibrium queue behavior under the optimal control strategy.
Unusual uniformity of the N-linked oligosaccharides of HLA-A, -B, and -C glycoproteins (1996)

MHC class I glycoproteins possess an invariant site for N-linked oligosaccharide addition at position 86 of the heavy chain. For human HLA-A, -B, and -C class I glycoproteins, position 86 is the only site of N-linked glycosylation. Comparison of the size and relative abundance of oligosaccharides associated with nine HLA-A, -B, or -C allotypes isolated from EBV-transformed B cell lines and mixtures of HLA-A, -B, and -C allotypes isolated from pooled PBLs revealed a very restricted set of structures. Allotypes encoded by the HLA-A and -B loci have two predominant glycan structures that were almost exclusively di-sialylated. In contrast, HLA-C allotypes have four glycan structures, comprising those associated with HLA-A and -B and two additional glycans. Identical oligosaccharides were present on different allotypes of a class I HLA locus, and in particular, HLA-C allotypes defining two inhibitory specificities for NK cells were shown to possess the same set of oligosaccharides. The uniformity of oligosaccharide structure associated with different HLA-A, -B, and -C products and the relative lack of heterogeneity for any given allotype are unusual features for a mammalian glycoprotein. Particularly striking is that such conserved oligosaccharide structures juxtapose the major regions of amino acid sequence variation within the Ag recognition site, including the polymorphisms of the alpha 1 helix that determine the inhibitory ligands for human NK cells.
ns-3 meets OpenAI Gym (2019)

Recently, we have seen a boom of attempts to improve the operation of networking protocols using machine learning techniques. The proposed reinforcement learning (RL) based control solutions very often overtake traditionally designed ones in terms of performance and efficiency. However, in order to reach such a superb level, an RL control agent requires a lot of interactions with an environment to learn the best policies. Similarly, the recent advancements in image recognition area were enabled by the rise of large labeled datasets (e.g. ImageNet). This paper presents the ns3-gym - the first framework for RL research in networking. It is based on OpenAI Gym, a toolkit for RL research and ns-3 network simulator. Specifically, it allows representing an ns-3 simulation as an environment in Gym framework and exposing state and control knobs of entities from the simulation for the agent's learning purposes. Our framework is generic and can be used in various networking problems. Here, we present an illustrative example from the cognitive radio area, where a wireless node learns the channel access pattern of a periodic interferer in order to avoid collisions with it. The toolkit is provided to the community as open-source under a GPL license.
THz study of field screening: 10 fs-100 fs regime (2002)

Here, we present the first THz study of field screening on such a time scale by using a 10 fs laser, and a correlation technique. We prove for the first time that both the polarisation and the acceleration ofthe electron-hole pairs by the dc electric field contribute to THz emission. We show that the polarization contribution has a speed comparable to the optical pulse duration, while the transport contribution at early times is determined by the ballistic acceleration of the electron hole pairs.
Avocadofurans and Their Tetrahydrofuran Analogues:  Comparison of Growth Inhibitory and Insecticidal Activity (2000)

The importance of the double bonds in the furan ring of avocadofurans with relation to their insecticidal activity was examined. The insecticidal activity of two naturally occurring avocadofurans, 2-(pentadecyl)furan and 2-(heptadecyl)furan, was compared to the toxicity of five tetrahydrofurans with alkyl chains at position 2 and varying side chains from 14 to 18 carbons. We found that eliminating the sites of unsaturation in the furan ring of avocadofurans significantly reduced the detrimental effects on the mortality and growth of the generalist insect herbivore Spodoptera exigua. In 7-day bioassays, S. exigua larvae were significantly more affected when fed a diet containing avocadofurans as compared to a larvae fed diet treated with the analogous tetrahydrofurans. Although larvae fed with the tetrahydrofurans showed reduced growth as compared to controls, larval mortality was not significantly increased. We conclude that the double bonds in the furan ring of avocadofurans play an important role in their insecticidal effects.
Diagnostic classification of arterial spin labeling and structural MRI in presenile early stage dementia (2014)

Because hypoperfusion of brain tissue precedes atrophy in dementia, the detection of dementia may be advanced by the use of perfusion information. Such information can be obtained noninvasively with arterial spin labeling (ASL), a relatively new MR technique quantifying cerebral blood flow (CBF). Using ASL and structural MRI, we evaluated diagnostic classification in 32 prospectively included presenile early stage dementia patients and 32 healthy controls. Patients were suspected of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or frontotemporal dementia. Classification was based on CBF as perfusion marker, gray matter (GM) volume as atrophy marker, and their combination. These markers were each examined using six feature extraction methods: a voxel-wise method and a region of interest (ROI)-wise approach using five ROI-sets in the GM. These ROI-sets ranged in number from 72 brain regions to a single ROI for the entire supratentorial brain. Classification was performed with a linear support vector machine classifier. For validation of the classification method on the basis of GM features, a reference dataset from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative database was used consisting of AD patients and healthy controls. In our early stage dementia population, the voxelwise feature-extraction approach achieved more accurate results (area under the curve (AUC) range = 86 - 91%) than all other approaches (AUC = 57 - 84%). Used in isolation, CBF quantified with ASL was a good diagnostic marker for dementia. However, our findings indicated only little added diagnostic value when combining ASL with the structural MRI data (AUC = 91%), which did not significantly improve over accuracy of structural MRI atrophy marker by itself.
Quantum optical adaptive phase estimation of sidebands (2008)

We present experimental results of the use of continuous adaptive feedback in quantum optical measurement of phase of the sidebands on continuous-wave (cw) coherent light, consistent with theoretical predictions (Berry and Wiseman, 2002).
Effect of composition of mono/di-hydroxy organic compounds and temperature on the aggregation behavior and physico-chemical properties of polyvinyl alcohol + TTAB mixture (2021)

Herein, the aggregation manners of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) in alcohols/diols media containing various concentrations and at several temperatures were performed using the conductivity measurement technique. Different physico-chemical parameters, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), fraction of bound counter ions (β) and thermodynamic properties (ΔGom, ΔHom, ΔSom, and ΔCom) for the TTAB + PVA mixture in aqueous solutions of EtOH (EtOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), ethylene glycol (EG), and propylene glycol (PrG), have been determined. The CMC values were found to undergo a decrease in 1-PrOH in comparison to the values obtained in aqueous media, but in EtOH, the CMC value firstly decreases, touches the lowest point, and then exhibits an upsurge with further increase of the percentage of EtOH. The observed greater CMC values in diols media disclose that the micelle formation of TTAB + PVA mixture is delayed in the manifestation of diols. The CMC values of TTAB + PVA mixture have also been observed to vary with the change of study temperature. The negative values of ΔG0m were obtained for all circumstances suggesting a spontaneous aggregation phenomenon of TTAB + PVA system. The values of ΔH0m and ΔS0m dictate that the PVA molecule interacts exclusively with TTAB through the formation of hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole, and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, the standard molar heat capacity (ΔC0m), compensation temperature (Tc), intrinsic enthalpy gain (ΔH0,*m), and the thermodynamic properties of transfer (ΔG0m.tr, ΔH0m.tr. and ΔS0m.tr.) for the studied system were assessed and demonstrated with appropriate explanations.
THD-OPTIMIZER CIRCUITS FOR PFC PRE-REGULATORS (2002)

Although THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) is not explicitly considered in IEC 61000-3-2 standards, nei- ther it needs to be very low in order for a piece of equipment to get the presumption of conformity, how- ever it has become established to require an ultra-low THD in some applications such as electronic lamp ballast. This application note, after reviewing some basic theory regarding the main causes of distortion of the current drawn from the mains by PFC pre-regulators, suggests a couple of simple and inexpensive cir- cuits that offer significant benefits in terms of THD reduction. The study has been carried out on a TM (Transition Mode) PFC stage using the L6561 IC and the experimental results are presented.