gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING OF HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURES WITH A LOCKING FLEXIBLE NAIL (2003)

The flexible humeral nail allows both retrograde and antegrade implantation and static locking. Nail insertion can be accomplished without violating the rotator cuff or damaging the articular surface of the humeral head. Although the nail functioned well in most of our patients, the use of a small-diameter (7.5-mm) nail was associated with a higher complication rate. This implant should be used with caution in any patient with a medullary canal diameter of <or=8 mm.
Molecular mechanisms of temperature adaptation (2014)

Thermal perception is a fundamental physiological process pertaining to the vast majority of organisms. In vertebrates, environmental temperature is detected by the primary afferents of the somatosensory neurons in the skin, which express a 'choir' of ion channels tuned to detect particular temperatures. Nearly two decades of research have revealed a number of receptor ion channels that mediate the perception of several temperature ranges, but most still remain molecularly orphaned. Yet even within this well-researched realm, most of our knowledge largely pertains to two closely related species of rodents, mice and rats. While these are standard biomedical research models, mice and rats provide a limited perspective to elucidate the general principles that drive somatosensory evolution. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanism of temperature adaptation in evolutionarily distant vertebrates and in organisms with acute thermal sensitivity. These studies have revealed the remarkable versatility of the somatosensory system and highlighted adaptations at the molecular level, which often include changes in biophysical properties of ion channels from the transient receptor potential family. Exploiting non-standard animal models has the potential to provide unexpected insights into general principles of thermosensation and thermoregulation, unachievable using the rodent model alone.
A Novel Method for the Analysis of Discharged Smokeless Powder Residues (2006)

A novel method for the estimation of intermediate-long firing distance range is proposed. The method is based on the characterization and chemical analysis of the smokeless powder particles on the target. An adhesive lifter is applied to collect the suspected gunshot residues (GSRs) from the surface of an object, and a Modified Griess Test (MGT) is carried out after alkaline hydrolysis on the adhesive lifter. Visualized particles are removed from the adhesive lifter under a microscope. Two systems are used for the analysis of organic discharge residues from the smokeless powder: (1) gas chromatography/thermal energy analysis (GC/TEA) for the analysis of nitroglycerine (NG) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), (2) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the identification of organic components such as DNT, NG, and some stabilizers. By using this procedure and confirming that the suspected particles are indeed GSR, one can estimate the intermediate-long firing distance of c. 0.75-3 m in the presence of very few particles and provide information for the classification of ammunition type in casework.
Hybrid Computational-Experimental Data-Driven Design of Self-Assembling Pi-Conjugated Peptides (2021)

Biocompatible molecules with electronic functionality provide a promising substrate for biocompatible electronic devices and electronic interfacing with biological systems. Synthetic oligopeptides composed of an aromatic pi-core flanked by oligopeptide wings are a class of molecules that can self-assemble in aqueous environments into supramolecular nanoaggregates with emergent optical and electronic activity. We present an integrated computational-experimental pipeline employing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and experimental UV-visible spectroscopy within an active learning workflow using deep representational learning and Bayesian optimization to design pi-conjugated peptides programmed to self-assemble into elongated pseudo-1D nanoaggregtes with a high degree of H-type co-facial stacking of the pi-cores. We consider as our design space the 694,982 unique pi-conjugated peptides comprising a quaterthtiophene pi-core flanked by symmetric oligopeptide wings up to five amino acids in length. After sampling only 1181 molecules (~0.17% of the design space) by computation and 28 (~0.004%) by experiment, we identify and experimentally validate a diversity of previously unknown high-performing molecules and extract interpretable design rules linking peptide sequence to emergent supramolecular structure and properties.
CCASH: A Web Application Framework for Efficient, Distributed Language Resource Development (2010)

Experience is reported of palliative treatment for malignant obstructive jaundice by plastic drain positioned in the biliary tract during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In the period January 1989 to December 1991, 35 plastic drains (10-12 French) were implanted in 22 patients of mean age 70 (range 51-88) years because of obstruction due to biliary tract carcinoma (n = 10), metastases (n = 5), pancreatic carcinoma (n = 4) and papillary carcinoma (n = 3). Endoscopic positioning was successful in 86% of cases. The early complication rate was 4.5% (cholangitis) and the 30-day mortality 14%. In 89% of cases drainage was effective and the obstructive jaundice subsided within 3 months. Late complications occurred in 36% of patients, involving cholangitis due to drain obstruction (n = 5) and drain displacement (n = 2). In 27% of patients the drain had to be changed 1-3 times, on the first occasion after an average of 146 (range 14-421) days. The patients' median survival was 5 months.
Magnetization reversal in an individual 25 nm iron-filled carbon nanotube (2010)

The magnetization reversal and switching behavior of an individual Fe-filled carbon nanotube has been measured using vibrating cantilever magnetometry. We report measurements of the magnetic field at which the 25 nanometer diameter iron core inside the nanotube reverses. The fields at which reversal occurs, characterized by an exceptionally narrow distribution (σH≤1 G at 6.3 K), are determined by thermally activated excitation over a field dependent barrier. The high precision achievable by virtue of measuring individual nanowires allows detailed quantitative understanding of magnetization reversal.
Using old Spam and Ham Samples to Train Email Filters (2009)

Email spam filters are commonly trained on a sample of recent spam and ham (non-spam) messages. We investigate the effect on filter performance of using samples of spam and ham messages sent months before those to be filtered. Our results show that filter performance deteriorates with the overall age of spam and ham samples, but at different rates. Spam and ham samples of different ages may be mixed to advantage, provided temporal cues are elided.
The Importance of Stereochemistry on the Actions of Vitamin D (2011)

The seco-steroid hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1α,25(OH)(2)D(3)] is the most potent natural metabolite of vitamin D(3) and regulates primarily calcium and phosphate homeostasis, but also as a regulator of specific differentiation and of the immune system. Most, if not all, of the biological actions of 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) are mediated through its specific receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily acting as a ligand-dependent transcription factor with coactivators. 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) has significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteoporosis, rickets, secondary hyperparathyroidism, psoriasis, and renal osteodystrophy. However, the use of 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) itself is limited because it induces significant hypercalcemia. Vitamin D is a highly flexible molecule and a very large number of analogs have been synthesized by industry and academia in an attempt to provide beneficial therapeutic agents with low calcemic activity. Chemical modifications of every portion of the vitamin D(3) molecule (the A, C, and D rings, the 17β-aliphatic side chain, and the 5,6,7,8-diene moiety) have been reported, with the most of the interesting analogs resulting from a combination of several modifications. The three-dimensional structure of both rat and human VDR-LBD have provided significant information for our understanding of the structure-function relationship (SFR) of vitamin D and some synthetic analogs. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the relationship between selected stereochemical modifications of key structural components (i.e. A-ring, CD-ring and Side-chain) of the 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) molecule and their effect on biological potency and selectivity. Based on current information, suggestions for the structure-based design of therapeutically valuable vitamin D analogs will conclude the review.
Atrial natriuretic peptide and its relation to cardiac dimensions and function in patients with systemic sclerosis. (1994)

These results suggest that the ANP production is not reduced in SScl. Rather, circulating ANP is elevated in relation to the degree of LV hypertrophy. This implies that ANP may be useful for the identification of cardiac involvement in patients with SScl.
Dissimilarity Plots: A Visual Exploration Tool for Partitional Clustering (2011)

For hierarchical clustering, dendrograms are a convenient and powerful visualization technique. Although many visualization methods have been suggested for partitional clustering, their usefulness deteriorates quickly with increasing dimensionality of the data and/or they fail to represent structure between and within clusters simultaneously. In this article we extend (dissimilarity) matrix shading with several reordering steps based on seriation techniques. Both ideas, matrix shading and reordering, have been well known for a long time. However, only recent algorithmic improvements allow us to solve or approximately solve the seriation problem efficiently for larger problems. Furthermore, seriation techniques are used in a novel stepwise process (within each cluster and between clusters) which leads to a visualization technique that is able to present the structure between clusters and the micro-structure within clusters in one concise plot. This not only allows us to judge cluster quality but also makes misspecification of the number of clusters apparent. We give a detailed discussion of the construction of dissimilarity plots and demonstrate their usefulness with several examples. Experiments show that dissimilarity plots scale very well with increasing data dimensionality. Supplemental materials with additional experiments for this article are available online.
Antibody mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury and peptide protection of a random dorsal flap (2006)

Afnan, Jalil MD; Rabaglia, Jennifer MD; Williams, Brian MD; Oakes, Sean BS; Carroll, Michael PhD; Moore, Francis MD Author Information
Decreasing ventricular infections through the use of a ventriculostomy placement bundle: experience at a single institution (2012)

Bundle implementation including an antimicrobial-impregnated catheter dramatically decreased EVD-related infections. Training and situational awareness of appropriate practice, assisted by the checklist, plus use of the antibiotic-impregnated catheter resulted in sustained reduction in ventriculitis.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Oral Brush Biopsy (2009)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantage of computer-assisted analysis of the oral brush biopsy compared with synchronous scalpel biopsy in the early detection of oral lesions. In this prospective, randomized, controlled study, brush and scalpel biopsies were performed on 75 patients. Six patients had to be excluded due to inadequate results, and 43 were shown to have dysplastic epithelium, 15 carcinoma, and 11 suspicious lesions. Therefore, the sensitivity for the detection of abnormal cells by means of OralCDx was 52%, specificity 29%, and the positive predictive value 63%. According to our results, the use of oral brush biopsy as a standardized, minimally invasive method of screening oral lesions should be reconsidered.
Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study (2022)

UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
Infrared degenerate four-wave mixing as a diagnostic (1991)

We are currently exploiting the recently realized spectroscopic capabilities of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) to probe key combustion species by employing infrared rovibrational transitions to achieve resonant enhancement.
Sample-Based Models of Protein Energy Landscapes and Slow Structural Rearrangements (2017)

Proteins often undergo slow structural rearrangements that involve several angstroms and surpass the nanosecond timescale. These spatiotemporal scales challenge physics-based simulations and open the way to sample-based models of structural dynamics. This article improves an understanding of current capabilities and limitations of sample-based models of dynamics. Borrowing from widely used concepts in evolutionary computation, this article introduces two conflicting aspects of sampling capability and quantifies them via statistical (and graphical) analysis tools. This allows not only conducting a principled comparison of different sample-based algorithms but also understanding which algorithmic ingredients to use as knobs via which to control sampling and, in turn, the accuracy and detail of modeled structural rearrangements. We demonstrate the latter by proposing two powerful variants of a recently published sample-based algorithm. We believe that this work will advance the adoption of sample-based models as reliable tools for modeling slow protein structural rearrangements.
The Arabidopsis COBRA Protein Facilitates Cellulose Crystallization at the Plasma Membrane (2014)

Mutations in the Arabidopsis COBRA gene lead to defects in cellulose synthesis but the function of COBRA is unknown. Here we present evidence that COBRA localizes to discrete particles in the plasma membrane and is sensitive to inhibitors of cellulose synthesis, suggesting that COBRA and the cellulose synthase complex reside in close proximity on the plasma membrane. Live-cell imaging of cellulose synthesis indicated that, once initiated, cellulose synthesis appeared to proceed normally in the cobra mutant. Using isothermal calorimetry, COBRA was found to bind individual β1-4-linked glucan chains with a KD of 3.2 μm. Competition assays suggests that COBRA binds individual β1-4-linked glucan chains with higher affinity than crystalline cellulose. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the cell wall of the cobra mutant also indicated that, in addition to decreases in cellulose amount, the properties of the cellulose fibrils and other cell wall polymers differed from wild type by being less crystalline and having an increased number of reducing ends. We interpret the available evidence as suggesting that COBRA facilitates cellulose crystallization from the emerging β1-4-glucan chains by acting as a "polysaccharide chaperone."
Properties of active tidal bedforms (2016)

Bedforms of various shapes and sizes are ubiquitous in tidal channels, inlets<br/>and estuaries. They constitute a form roughness which has a large scale effect on the hydrodynamics and sediment transport of coastal environments. It has been shown that this form roughness can be expressed in terms of the lee side slope of bedforms. This study compiles data on the topography and hydraulics of compound dunes from different settings in the German Bight to discuss implications of a critical lee slope in tidal environments with reversing flow. Data from the Weser estuary is used to exemplify and quantify these effects.
Microstructure arrays of DNA using topographic control (2019)

DNA is a common biomaterial in nature as well as a good building block for producing useful structures, due to its fine feature size and liquid crystalline phase. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of shear-induced flow and microposts can be used to create various kinds of interesting microstructure DNA arrays. Our facile method provides a platform for forming multi-scale hierarchical orientations of soft- and biomaterials, using a process of simple shearing and controlled evaporation on a patterned substrate. This approach enables potential patterning applications using DNA or other anisotropic biomaterials based on their unique structural characteristics.
Potent suppression of the parathyroid glands by hydroxylated metabolites of dihydrotachysterol2 (2000)

1 alpha,25(OH)(2)DHT(2) and 25(OH)DHT(2) are potent suppressors of PTH in vitro and in vivo. 25(OH)DHT(2) may be active by virtue of its pseudo-1 alpha-hydroxyl group. Hypercalcaemia caused by a single dose of 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)DHT(2) appeared to be more transient than calcitriol. Five daily doses of 1 alpha, 25(OH)(2)DHT(2) and OCT could achieve 50% suppression of PTH without significant increments in ionized calcium. In contrast, suppression of PTH by calcitriol was associated with significant increments in ionized calcium. These data suggest that like OCT, 1 alpha, 25(OH)(2)DHT(2) can dissociate calcaemic actions from parathyroid-suppressing actions in a manner that may be therapeutically useful.
Combination of Radiation and Burn Injury Alters [18F] 2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Uptake in Mice (2012)

Radiation exposure and burn injury have both been shown to alter glucose utilization in vivo. The present study was designed to study the effect of burn injury combined with radiation exposure on glucose metabolism in mice using [¹⁸F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (¹⁸FDG). Groups of male mice weighing approximately 30 g were studied. Group 1 was irradiated with a ¹³⁷Cs source (9 Gy). Group 2 received full thickness burn injury on 25% TBSA followed by resuscitation with saline (2 ml, IP). Group 3 received radiation followed 10 minutes later by burn injury. Group 4 were sham-treated controls. After treatment, the mice were fasted for 23 hours and then injected (IV) with 50 μCi of ¹⁸FDG. One hour postinjection, the mice were sacrificed, and biodistribution was measured. Positive blood cultures were observed in all groups of animals compared to the shams. Increased mortality was observed after 6 days in the burn plus radiated group as compared to the other groups. Radiation and burn treatments separately or in combination produced major changes in ¹⁸FDG uptake by many tissues. In the heart, brown adipose tissue, and spleen, radiation plus burn produced a much greater increase (P < .0001) in ¹⁸FDG accumulation than either treatment separately. All three treatments produced moderate decreases in ¹⁸FDG accumulation (P < .01) in the brain and gonads. Burn injury, but not irradiation, increased ¹⁸FDG accumulation in skeletal muscle; however, the combination of burn plus radiation decreased ¹⁸FDG accumulation in skeletal muscle. This model may be useful for understanding the effects of burns plus irradiation injury on glucose metabolism and in developing treatments for victims of injuries produced by the combination of burn plus irradiation.
Advancement of Gas Cluster Ion Beam Processes for Chemically Enhanced Surface Modification and Etching (2015)

Gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) shows unique irradiation effects such as surface smoothing, surface analysis, shallow implantation, surface smoothing, and thin film formations. Upon GCIB impact, dense energy is deposited on surface layer while energy/atom of GCIB is low. One of the unique characteristics of GCIB is the enhancement of chemical reactions without heating the substrates. When reactive GCIBs are used, high-rate etching of various materials is expected. Not only reactions between molecules in the cluster and target atoms, but also chemical reactions between target atoms and the adsorbed gas on target are enhanced. In this paper, advancement of GCIB process by chemically enhanced surface modification and etching is reported.
Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian, Version 2.2015 (2016)

The NCCN Guidelines for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian provide recommendations for genetic testing and counseling and risk assessment and management for hereditary cancer syndromes. Guidelines focus on syndromes associated with an increased risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer and are intended to assist with clinical and shared decision-making. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize major discussion points of the 2015 NCCN Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian panel meeting. Major discussion topics this year included multigene testing, risk management recommendations for less common genetic mutations, and salpingectomy for ovarian cancer risk reduction. The panel also discussed revisions to genetic testing criteria that take into account ovarian cancer histology and personal history of pancreatic cancer.
Prevalence and significance of fragmented QRS complex in lead V1 on the surface electrocardiogram of healthy athletes (2020)

Fragmented QRS complex in lead V1 is a newly described, frequent, ECG pattern in young and apparently healthy athletes and is associated with training-induced RV remodelling.
Nuclear Brachyury Expression Is Consistent in Chordoma, Common in Germ Cell Tumors and Small Cell Carcinomas, and Rare in Other Carcinomas and Sarcomas (2015)

Brachyury is a transcription factor of the T-box family typically expressed in notochord and chordoma. Some studies report brachyury as highly specific for chordoma, whereas others have concluded that brachyury is expressed in many types of common carcinomas by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry and could be involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastatic process. In this study, we immunohistochemically evaluated 5229 different tumors for nuclear brachyury expression using a new rabbit monoclonal antibody and automated immunostaining (Leica Bond Max). Only nuclear labeling was scored, and antibody dilution of 1:2000 was used. In normal tissues, only rare cells in seminiferous tubules were labeled; all other organs were negative. All chordomas (75/76), except a sarcomatous one, were positive, whereas chondrosarcomas were negative. Among epithelial tumors, positivity was often detected in embryonal carcinoma (74%) and seminoma (45%). Pulmonary small cell carcinoma was often positive (41%), whereas pulmonary and pancreatic adenocarcinomas only rarely showed nuclear brachyury positivity (3% to 4%). Common carcinomas such as ductal carcinomas of the breast or adenocarcinomas of the prostate only exceptionally showed nuclear positivity (<1%). No colorectal, hepatocellular, renal cell, squamous cell, thyroid or urothelial carcinoma, or mesothelioma showed nuclear brachyury positivity. Among mesenchymal and neuroectodermal tumors, only isolated cases of melanoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and follicular lymphoma showed nuclear expression. However, as shown previously with lung carcinoma, experiments with lower antibody dilutions (1:200 to 1:500) showed weak cytoplasmic and nuclear labeling in breast cancers. In addition to chordoma, we show here for the first time that nuclear brachyury expression is prevalent in embryonal carcinoma, seminoma, and small cell carcinoma of the lung but very rare in common carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanoma. With these reservations, we have demonstrated the presence of nuclear brachyury immunoreactivity to be a sensitive and fairly specific marker for chordoma.
Front cover: Glutamine promotes intestinal SIgA secretion through intestinal microbiota and IL‐13 (2016)

Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2016, 60, 1637–1648. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600026 The mechanism of promoted intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) production by glutamine supplementation is investigated in a mouse model. It is found that glutamine influences the intestinal bacterial invasion and the activation of T cell-dependent and T cell-independent pathways, which leads to enhanced SIgA secretion.