gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What are microRNAs (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short regulatory noncoding endogenous RNA species that are involved in virtually all cellular processes. Intriguingly, they are highly conserved among species and very rarely harbor genetic variants, underlining their important role during the evolution of species. miRNAs fine- tune and regulate proteins involved in all main processes, including cell signaling pathways, as well as cellular functions and developmental steps. miRNAs are expressed in all organs and cells, and multiple functional aspects of miRNAs underscore their key role in physiology and pathophysiology. The development of novel molecular biology tools contributed to the recent successes in miRNA research. Moreover, miRNAs emerge as interesting biomarker candidates in cardiovascular disease, but also as therapeutic targets. Finally, so-called long noncoding RNAs regulate gene and protein expression and are also briefly discussed in this short review article. L Heart Metab. 2014;65:34-36
Abstract LB-313: Development of a novel anti-MYC therapeutic with efficacy against liver and kidney cancers. (2013)

Abstract One of the most attractive, yet elusive, targets for cancer therapy is the MYC oncogene. MYC is overexpressed in the majority of human cancers, and we and others have shown that suppression of this oncogene is sufficient to induce sustained tumor regression, a phenomenon known as oncogene addiction. However, no viable therapy has been developed as yet that targets this crucial regulator of the tumor phenotype. Here, we report the development of a novel antisense therapeutic that targets the MYC oncogene. This inhibitor can potently suppress MYC expression in primary tumors in vivo, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Importantly, we show that treatment with the anti-MYC drug significant reduces tumor onset and progression in transgenic mouse models of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cancer. We imaged tumor growth via MRI and utilized quantitative image analysis to demonstrate the inhibition of HCC and RCC progression, confirming our results on total tumor burden histologically after four weeks of drug treatment. Additionally, this antisense therapy against MYC can also attenuate the growth of human HCC cells in vivo, irrespective of the inducing oncogene. In contrast with other reported MYC inhibitors, our approach results in no discernible toxicity due to MYC suppression on any organs examined in the treated animals. Thus, we have established a novel therapy that directly inhibits the MYC oncogene, representing a potentially exciting advance in the field of targeted cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: David I. Bellovin, Aleksey Yevtodiyenko, Stacey J. Adam, Hanan Fernando, Julia Arzeno, Meital Gabay, Dean W. Felsher. Development of a novel anti-MYC therapeutic with efficacy against liver and kidney cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-313. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-313 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Oxidation of 5‐Aminotetrazoles: Benzyl Isocyanide (2003)

Abstract Oxidation of 5‐aminotetrazoles: benzyl isocyanide product: benzyl isocyanide product: C6H5
Insights into the Ropy Phenotype of the Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. <i>lactis</i> A1dOxR (2013)

The proteome of the ropy strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A1dOxR, compared to that of its nonropy isogenic strain, showed an overproduction of a protein involved in rhamnose biosynthesis. Results were confirmed by gene expression analysis, and this fact agreed with the high rhamnose content of the ropy exopolysaccharide.
Diagnosis of EHV and HV Transformers Through an Innovative Partial-Discharge-Based Technique (2009)

Online partial discharge (PD) analysis of power transformers is sometimes complex due to the presence of large disturbance and noise as well as to uncertainty in PD source identification. In this paper, a novel approach to PD detection and analysis in online power transformers is presented. The proposed approach provides hardware and software tools to remove disturbance, noise, separate contributions from different sources and, eventually, identify PD sources. Besides, a description of the hardware tools used to assemble the diagnostic system, the tests (in the lab and on real transformers) carried out to build the reference database needed for identification system training will be discussed, providing rules for PD source identification. A number of working cases will be presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A novel analytical approach to the evaluation of the impact of fiber parametric gain on the bit error rate (2001)

We present in this paper a novel accurate method to analyze the performance of an optical link where the amplified spontaneous emission noise, enhanced by a fiber nonlinear phenomenon called parametric gain, is the limiting factor. Our method allows us to compute the exact error probability given a generic noise spectral density at the input of a direct detection optical receiver, using arbitrary optical and electrical filters. We compare our results with those predicted using the standard Gaussian technique (based on the Q factor), showing that this approximation may lead to significant errors. Our method is then used to evaluate the impact of parametric gain on a realistic long-haul multiwavelength link operating at 10 Gb/s, showing both the system limitation imposed by this phenomenon and the inaccuracy of the Q factor method.
Wavelength Conversion to Replicas of OOK and DPSK Signals with One Configuration Based on Dual Pump Nearly-Degenerated Four-Wave Mixing in a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer SOA (2006)

Wavelength conversion of signals having different formats is successfully achieved without changing device configuration. 10-Gb/s NRZ-OOK and NRZ-DPSK signals are converted to their replicas by dual pump nearly-degenerated FWM in a MZI-SOA.
Analysis of the Ammonia Production Rates by Nitrogenase (2022)

Ammonia (NH3) is produced industrially by the Haber–Bosch process from dinitrogen (N2) and dihydrogen (H2) using high temperature and pressure with an iron catalyst. In contrast to the extreme conditions used in the Haber–Bosch process, biology has evolved nitrogenase enzymes, which operate at ambient temperature and pressure. In biological settings, nitrogenase requires large amounts of energy in the form of ATP, using at least 13 GJ ton−1 of ammonia. In 2016, Brown et al. reported ATP-free ammonia production by nitrogenase. This result led to optimism that the energy demands of nitrogenase could be reduced. More recent reports confirmed the ATP-free production of ammonia; however, the rates of reaction are at least an order of magnitude lower. A more detailed understanding of the role of ATP in nitrogenase catalysis is required to develop ATP-free catalytic systems with higher ammonia production rates. Finally, we calculated the theoretical maximal ammonia production rate by nitrogenase and compared it to currently used Haber–Bosch catalysts. Somewhat surprisingly, nitrogenase has a similar theoretical maximum rate to the Haber–Bosch catalysts; however, strategies need to be developed to allow the enzyme to maintain operation at its optimal rate.
Evolution of the Spin Hall Effect in Pt Nanowires: Size and Temperature Effects (2007)

We have studied the evolution of the spin Hall effect (SHE) in the regime where the material size responsible for the spin accumulation is either smaller or larger than the spin diffusion length. Lateral spin valve structures with Pt insertions were successfully used to measure the spin absorption efficiency as well as the spin accumulation in Pt induced through the spin Hall effect. Under a constant applied current the results show a decrease of the spin accumulation signal is more pronounced as the Pt thickness exceeds the spin diffusion length. This implies that the spin accumulation originates from bulk scattering inside the Pt wire and the spin diffusion length limits the SHE. We have also analyzed the temperature variation of the spin Hall conductivity to identify the dominant scattering mechanism.
An Online Learning Module to Increase Self-Efficacy and Involvement in Care for Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer: Research Protocol (2016)

Development of new approaches for increasing patient understanding of their care is important to ensure high quality care continues to be delivered in the clinical setting.
Abdominal Imaging with Contrast-enhanced Photon-counting CT: First Human Experience (2016)

The performance of PCD showed no statistically significant difference compared with EID when the abdomen was evaluated in a conventional scan mode. PCD provides spectral information, which may be used for material decomposition.
Exclusive γγ → μ + μ − production in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = {7} $ TeV (2012)

A measurement of the exclusive two-photon production of muon pairs in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV, pp p + -p, is reported using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 40 pb -1 . For muon pairs with invariant mass greater than 11.5 GeV, transverse momentum p T () > 4 GeV and pseudorapidity |()| < 2.1, a fit to the dimuon p T ( + -) distribution results in a measured cross section of (p p + -p) = 3.38 +0.58 -0.55 (stat.) 0.16 (syst.) 0.14 (lumi.) pb, consistent with the theoretical prediction evaluated with the event generator Lpair. The ratio to the predicted cross section is 0.83 +0.14 -0.13 (stat.) 0.04 (syst.) 0.03 (lumi.). The characteristic distributions of the muon pairs produced via fusion, such as the muon acoplanarity, the muon pair invariant mass and transverse momentum agree with those from the theory.
ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Homologous Recombination Factor Rdh54 (2008)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae RDH54 is a key member of the evolutionarily conserved RAD52 epistasis group of genes needed for homologous recombination and DNA double strand break repair. The RDH54-encoded protein possesses a DNA translocase activity and functions together with the Rad51 recombinase in the D-loop reaction. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we show that Rdh54 is recruited, in a manner that is dependent on Rad51 and Rad52, to a site-specific DNA double strand break induced by the HO endonuclease. Because of its relatedness to Swi2/Snf2 chromatin remodelers, we have asked whether highly purified Rdh54 possesses chromatin-remodeling activity. Importantly, our results show that Rdh54 can mobilize a mononucleosome along DNA and render nucleosomal DNA accessible to a restriction enzyme, indicative of a chromatin-remodeling function. Moreover, Rdh54 co-operates with Rad51 in the utilization of naked or chromatinized DNA as template for D-loop formation. We also provide evidence for a strict dependence of the chromatin-remodeling attributes of Rdh54 on its ATPase activity and N-terminal domain. Interestingly, an N-terminal deletion mutant (rdh54Delta102) is unable to promote Rad51-mediated D-loop formation with a chromatinized template, while retaining substantial activity with naked DNA. These features of Rdh54 suggest a role of this protein factor in chromatin rearrangement during DNA recombination and repair.
Agroforestry Assisted Natural Farming in India: Challenges and Implications for Diversification and Restoration of Agroecosystem (2022)

The Government of India is promoting natural farming (NF) which is evolved from our ancient heritage and traditional cultivation practices. Though NF has many advantages, it is facing several challenges like low yield in initial years, expecting high outputs from low cost of cultivation, lack of local cultivars and livestock, less availability of tree based diverse inputs, dependency on purchase or exchange inputs from other farm hold and dispute in farming type and crop composition. On these backdrops, sustainable and/or resilient agroforestry (AF) systems can be synergized by using principles and practices of AF with NF. This AF assisted NF hybrid model is helpful in diversification and restoration of agroecosystem. AF includes at least one livestock components along with perennial trees and agricultural crops. Trees and livestock based NF is the foremost nature based solution (NBS) for climate change mitigation, food security and land degradation neutrality. In NF, to prepare various plant protection formulations neem, pongamia and various perennial species byproducts are essential which can be substituted by tree components in AF. It also provides continues supply of inputs for jeevamrut and beejamrut preparations along with continuous biomass mulching through nitrogen fixing trees. In addition, AF assisted NF practices reduce methane emission from ruminating livestock by reducing heat stress and increasing the feed quality. Some studies on NF have indicated that yield levels were drastically reduced in several cropping systems. Instead of integrating tree and animal components, these studies focused solely on the multi-location evaluation of various cropping systems. Therefore, it would be premature to recommend its wide-spread adaption or adoption prior to scientific validation of this NF. This review provides detail information and implications of AF assistance in NF and recommends preferentially, climate resilient, economical, native and naturalized trees and livestock incorporation, along with amalgamation of traditional and improved AF practices.
Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma distribution of myo-inositol and other polyols in Alzheimer disease (1996)

Previous studies suggest the presence of increased concentrations of cerebral myo-inositol in Alzheimer disease (AD). To characterize this abnormality further, we quantified myo-inositol and several other polyols in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from 10 AD subjects and 10 healthy age-matched controls by using a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique. The mean CSF concentration and CSF/plasma concentration ratio of myo-inositol in AD were not significantly different from those determined in control subjects. Also, concentration profiles of other polyols were not significantly altered in AD. CSF and plasma myo-inositol concentrations were correlated in control subjects but not in AD subjects. However, a significant correlation between CSF and plasma 1,5-anhydrosorbitol (a polyol internal control) concentrations observed in control subjects was retained in AD subjects.
Photocatalytic Bactericidal Effect of TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Thin Films Produced by Cathodic Arc Deposition Method (2003)

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.254-256.463
Estimation of the Scatterer Size Distributions in Quantitative\n Ultrasound Using Constrained Optimization (2021)

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters such as the effective scatterer\ndiameter (ESD) reveal tissue properties by analyzing ultrasound backscattered\necho signal. ESD can be attained through parametrizing backscatter coefficient\nusing form factor models. However, reporting a single scatterer size cannot\naccurately characterize a tissue, particularly when the media contains\nscattering sources with a broad range of sizes. Here we estimate the\nprobability of contribution of each scatterer size by modeling the measured\nform factor as a linear combination of form factors from individual sacatterer\nsizes. We perform the estimation using two novel techniques. In the first\ntechnique, we cast scatterer size distribution as an optimization problem, and\nefficiently solve it using a linear system of equations. In the second\ntechnique, we use the solution of this system of equations to constrain the\noptimization function, and solve the constrained problem. The methods are\nevaluated in simulated backscattered coefficients using Faran theory. We\nevaluate the robustness of the proposed techniques by adding Gaussian noise.\nThe results show that both methods can accurately estimate the scatterer size\ndistribution, and that the second method outperforms the first one.\n
Analysis of SLAM family receptors 2B4, CS1 and NTB-A in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (49.22) (2009)

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease, characterized by the improper regulation of B lymphocytes that leads to the production of auto-antibodies. Several studies have identified a genetic susceptibility region called Sle 1 in mice and some human subjects. Recently, genomic characterization of the Sle1b locus, identified a highly polymorphic cluster of genes coding for the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-related receptors (SRRs). 2B4 (CD244), CS1 (CD319, CRACC) and NTB-A are members of SRRs and are expressed on NK, T, B cells and monocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of members of the SRRs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with SLE. We analyzed PBMC from forty-six patients with SLE and thirty-one healthy individuals. The surface expressions of 2B4, CS1, and NTB-A on T cells, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. 2B4 expression was upregulated on T cells but down-regulated on NK cells and monocytes in patients with SLE. B cells from patients with SLE significantly overexpressed CS1 compared to B cells from healthy controls. The surface expression of NTB-A was upregulated on T cells and monocytes, but down-regulated on B cells in patients with SLE. Our results suggest that altered expression of SRRs may be related to the abnormal B cell hyperactivity in patients with SLE. (Research supported by grants from Texas Higher Education Board and UNTHSC).
A photonic microwave and RF integrator based on a transversal filter (2020)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;We demonstrate a photonic RF integrator based on an integrated soliton crystal micro-comb source. By multicasting and progressively delaying the input RF signal using a transversal structure, the input RF signal is integrated discretely. Up to 81 wavelengths are provided by the microcomb source, which enable a large integration time window of ~6.8 ns, together with a time resolution as fast as ~84 ps. We perform signal integration of a diverse range of input RF signals including Gaussian pulses with varying time widths, dual pulses with varying time intervals and a square waveform. The experimental results show good agreement with theory. These results verify our microcomb-based integrator as a competitive approach for RF signal integration with high performance and potentially lower cost and footprint.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
The effect of a Lactobacillus helveticus LBK-16 H fermented milk on hypertension: a pilot study on humans (2002)

A number of milk-derived peptides have a blood pressure lowering effect based on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus helveticus LBK-16 H fermented milk on hypertension. Seventeen mildly hypertensive volunteers were studied. The study included a 4-week run-in period, 8 weeks of treatment and a 4-week follow-up period. The study group (mean blood pressure 148/94, SEM 4/2) received 150 ml per day of peptide sour milk, and the control group (mean blood pressure 148/93, SEM 5/1) received 150 ml of control sour milk. The peptide sour milk was fermented with L. helveticus LBK-16 H and contained bioactive tripeptides, isoleucyl-prolyl-proline and valyl-prolyl-proline, that were not present in the control milk. During the 8-week treatment period, blood pressure was reduced more in the test milk group than in the control group L. helveticus LBK-16 H fermented milk seems to be a possible means of supporting the treatment of hypertension.
Travel Times on Changeable Message Signs in District 4 (2007)

This report is from a project which focused on implementing, deploying and evaluating an automated system for relaying travel time information to the changeable message signs (CMS) operated by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The report is organized as a collection of stand-alone documents. The primary documents include three evaluation reports: 1) a data evaluation that took place prior to going live with the signs; 2) an analysis of the impact of signs on freeway speed; and, 3) an analysis of a satisfaction survey that was distributed to commuters. Also included is an implementation report titled Network Construction and Route Generation, and two manuals: MITTENS - System Architecture and Operating Rules, and MITTENS - Software Design and System Administration.
Ten Years of Single-Molecule Spectroscopy (1999)

Single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS) combines some of the advantages of local probe microscopies with those of optics. Since this field came into being 10 years ago, it has expanded at a breathtaking pace. From the first cryogenic experiments up to the recent studies of basic processes in molecular biology, single-molecule methods have found their way into an ever broadening range of applications. Their common feature is the complete elimination of ensemble averaging. By exposing individual variations as well as dynamical fluctuations, SMS provides new insights into any system with spatial or temporal inhomogeneity. The present article illustrates single molecule spectroscopic experiments at cryogenic temperatures, mainly from the authors' group. The results reviewed here range from molecular photophysics, to the dynamics of the solid matrix around the molecule, and to the interactions between a single molecule and electromagnetic fields, i.e., quantum optics. SMS is now ripe for a variety of applications in physical chemistry, such as, for example, surfaces, growth structures, catalysis, or porous media.
Synthesis of Non‐Symmetric Azoarenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Silicon‐Masked Diazenyl Anions and (Hetero)Aryl Halides (2022)

The photoswitchable motif of azobenzenes is of great importance across the life and materials sciences. This maintains a constant demand for their efficient synthesis, especially that of non-symmetric derivatives. We disclose here a general strategy for their synthesis through an unprecedented C(sp<sup>2</sup> )-N(sp<sup>2</sup> ) cross-coupling where functionalized aryl-substituted diazenes masked with a silyl group are employed as diazenyl pronucleophiles. These equivalents of fragile diazenyl anions couple with a diverse set of (hetero)aryl bromides under palladium catalysis with no loss of dinitrogen. The competing denitrogenative biaryl formation is fully suppressed. The reaction requires only a minimal excess, that is 1.2 equivalents, of the diazenyl component. By this, a broad range of azoarenes decorated with two electron-rich/deficient aryl groups can be accessed in a predictable way with superb functional-group tolerance.
Comparison of the Equations for Predicting nitrogen Excretion in Fattening Steers (2001)

肉用肥育牛の窒素排泄は窒素汚染の原因の一つと考えられているため,それを削減する方法を探ることは重要な課題である.本研究では,肥育去勢牛の糞尿による窒素排泄量を予測する数学式を作成,評価し,さらにその式を用いたシミュレーションによって窒素排泄量の削減の可能性を調べることを曲とした.2つの新しい式,Nf+u=Ns-CPg/6.25およびNf+u=a(Ns-Nr)+b+Nf+u(b)とすでに報告されているNf+u=16.74×DMI+8.54×CP+0.108×W-154.3を比較した.ただし,Nf+uは窒素排泄量(g/日),Nsは摂取窒素量(g/日),Nf+u(b)は内因性窒素排泄量(g/日), Nrは窒素要求量(g/日),CPgは増体のためのタンパク質要求量(g/日),DMI, CPおよびWはそれぞれ乾物摂取量(kg/日),粗タンパク質含量(乾物中%),体重(kg)である.CPg, NrおよびNf+u(b)は日本飼養標準を用いて推定し,回帰係数aとbは式を解くことによって求めた.新しい式は,23頭の黒毛和種と45頭の承ルスタイン種去勢牛の窒素出納実験の結果を用いて,作成•評価した. 1日当たりの増体量(DG; kg/日),粗タンパク質含量(CP; %)および代謝率(q)をそれぞれ独立に変化させることによって,肥育期間中の総窒素摂取量に対する総窒素排泄量(I1)および肥育期間中の総窒素蓄積量に対する総窒素排泄量(I2)の2つの環境負荷指標に対するこれらの要因の影響をシミュレートした.その結果,DGの増加はI1とI2の減少をもたらしCPの減少とqの増加はI2の減少をもたらすことが示された.また, I1に対するCPとqの効果は,用いる式によって異なることがうかがえた.