gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On More General Distributions of Random Binning for Slepian-Wolf Encoding (2021)

Traditionally, ensembles of Slepian-Wolf (S-W) codes are defined such that every bin of each <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$n$</tex> -vector of each source is randomly drawn under the uniform distribution across the sets <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\{0,1,\ldots, 2^{nR_{X}}-1\}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\{0,1,\ldots, 2^{nR_{Y}}-1\}$</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$R_{X}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$R_{Y}$</tex> are the coding rates of the two sources, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$X$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Y$</tex> , respectively. In a few recent works, where only one source is compressed and the other one serves as side information at the decoder, the scope is extended to variable–rate S-W (VRSW) codes, where the rate may depend on the type class of the source string, but still, the random–binning distribution is assumed uniform within the type–dependent, bin index set. In this expository work, we investigate the role of the uniformity of the random binning distribution from the perspective of the trade-off between the error exponent and the source coding exponent. To this end, we study a much wider class of random–binning distributions, which includes VRSW codes as a special case, but goes considerably beyond. We first show that, except for some pathological cases, the sub-ensemble of VRSW codes is as good as the large ensemble in terms the trade–off between the error exponent and the source coding exponent. Nonetheless, the wider class of ensembles is motivated in two ways. The first is that it outperforms VRSW codes in the above–mentioned pathological cases, and the second is that it allows robustness: in the event of unavailability of the compressed bit–stream from one of the sources, it still allows reconstruction of the other source within some controllable distortion.
Dense plasma diagnostics with an amplitude division soft X-ray laser interferometer based on diffraction gratings (2000)

Summary form only given. The development of gain-saturated soft X-ray lasers has opened the possibility to extend laser interferometry to large-scale high-density plasmas that can not be probed with optical lasers. The recent advent of gain-saturated tabletop soft X-ray lasers creates the opportunity of developing portable soft X-ray tools that will allow detailed maps of the electron density evolution in a great variety of very dense plasmas. Recently, our group has demonstrated plasma interferometry combining a 46.9-nm capillary discharge tabletop laser with a wavefront-division interferometer based on Lloyd's mirror. The Lloyd's mirror has the advantage of constituting the simplest possible soft X-ray interferometer.
Reducing Drilling Risk and Cost through Integration of Seismic and Real-time Well Data (2016)

There is always uncertainty involved in drilling a well, arising from incomplete knowledge of the subsurface. Before drilling starts an earth model in the vicinity of the well is normally produced using available information relating to geology, rock properties, stresses, pressures and temperatures from surface seismic data and nearby well data. Based on the earth model a drilling plan is made, including the well’s trajectory, casing points and other specifications. However, the model is often quite uncertain because there is a lack of information in the vicinity of the well, and this uncertainty can lead to increased drilling costs and environmental and safety risks. A recent development that can reduce drilling uncertainty combines surface seismic data with LWD log information to produce a more reliable picture of geology and pressure distribution ahead of the drill bit. Tests of this method indicate that it is effective for reducing uncertainty about subsurface structure (e.g. fault location uncertainty) and providing better estimates of pore pressure. A blind test is shown demonstrating the accuracy of pore pressure predictions made using this method.
Supplementary Figure 1 from PGC1α-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming Drives the Stemness of Pancreatic Precursor Lesions (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PanIN and IPMN show stemness signatures.&lt;/p&gt;
Catalytic Desymmetrizing Intramolecular Heck Reaction: Evidence for an Unusual Hydroxy‐Directed Migratory Insertion. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Radical Ions in the Pentalene Series [1]. Part II. Dibenzo [b,f]pentalene and its 5, 10‐dimethyl derivative (1978)

Abstract Proton hyperfine data have been determined for the radical anions and cations of dibenzo [b,f]pentalene (III) and its 5, 10‐dimethyl derivative (IV) . The assignment of the coupling constants to pairs of equivalent protons follows from a simple MO model, the use of which enables one to reproduce satisfactorily the experimental values. The proton hyperfine data, a Hμ The meaning of a H μ is a HC(x),HC(y),whereas only x and y are given in the particular cases. , for the radical anion III⊖. correlate fairly well with the π‐charge populations ϵ μ derived from 1 H‐NMR. spectra for the carbon centres μ in the dianion III 2⊖ . The analogous correlation is less good in the case of the radical cation III⊕. and the dication III 2⊕ ., presumably due to the rough approximations involved in the evaluation of the numbers ϵ μ for the latter species. The coupling constants a H5,10 for III⊖. and III⊕. are very close to the corresponding values a H4,6 for the radical ions of 1,3,5‐tri‐t‐butylpentalene (II), in accord with the prediction of the MO model. A similarity is also found between the proton hyperfine data for III⊖. and those for the radical anions of structurally related 1,4‐diphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene (V). On the other hand, there are striking changes in the coupling constants of the analogous protons on passing from III⊖. to the radical anions of dibenzo [a,e] cyclooctene (VI) and [16] annulene (VII), as a consequence of raising the symmetry from C 2h to D 2h and D 4h , respectively.
Estimation of delamination crack depth using passive thermography (2019)

Passive thermography is used to monitor small increases in temperature resulting from delamination damage formation in a composite hat-stiffened panel during quasi-static loading. The heating is composed of two heat generation components. The first component is an instantaneous response due to a strain release during quasi-static loading. The second component is mechanical heating, at the interface of failure, due to fracture damage. This second component produces a transient rise in temperature that is a function of the damage depth and thermal diffusivity. The first component defines the thermal start time for the transient response. A one-dimensional thermal model is used to determine the damage depth. The results are compared to ultrasonic and X-ray CT data. The advantages and limitations of the thermal technique for damage depth detection are discussed.
Quantitative trait loci for glucosinolate accumulation in <i>Brassica rapa</i> leaves (2008)

Glucosinolates and their breakdown products have been recognized for their effects on plant defense, human health, flavor and taste of cruciferous vegetables. Despite this importance, little is known about the regulation of the biosynthesis and degradation in Brassica rapa. Here, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for glucosinolate accumulation in B. rapa leaves in two novel segregating double haploid (DH) populations is reported: DH38, derived from a cross between yellow sarson R500 and pak choi variety HK Naibaicai; and DH30, from a cross between yellow sarson R500 and Kairyou Hakata, a Japanese vegetable turnip variety. An integrated map of 1068 cM with 10 linkage groups, assigned to the international agreed nomenclature, is developed based on the two individual DH maps with the common parent using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and single sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Eight different glucosinolate compounds were detected in parents and F(1)s of the DH populations and found to segregate quantitatively in the DH populations. QTL analysis identified 16 loci controlling aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation, three loci controlling total indolic glucosinolate concentration and three loci regulating aromatic glucosinolate concentrations. Both comparative genomic analyses based on Arabidopsis-Brassica rapa synteny and mapping of candidate orthologous genes in B. rapa allowed the selection of genes involved in the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway that may account for the identified QTL.
Effects of equine recombinant interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β on proteoglycan metabolism and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in equine articular cartilage explants (2002)

The rEqIL-1 induced potent concentration-dependent derangement of equine chondrocyte metabolism in vitro. These findings suggest this model may be suitable for the in vitro study of the pathogenesis and treatment of joint disease in horses.
Epigenetic Modulation by Vidaza™ induces Apoptosis and Overcomes In Vitro Drug Resistance in Human Multiple Myeloma Cells. (2006)

Abstract Methylation of DNA is an epigenetic modification that plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells. Although DNA methylation is required for normal cell development and function, aberrant methylation and the resulting aberrant expression of genes, such as tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, contribute to the development of malignancies. Interestingly, aberrant DNA methylation has recently emerged as one of the most frequent molecular alterations in hematologic malignancies, providing a powerful rationale to use inhibitors of DNA methylation as a novel means of targeting hematologic malignancies. Vidaza™ [Pharmion Corporation] (5-azacytidine), an FDA approved drug for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes, is an inhibitor of DNA methylation. Multiple myeloma (MM) is currently an incurable hematological malignancy despite all the conventional and novel therapies, and we here examined the biological effects using Vidaza™ on human MM cells. We demonstrate here that Vidaza™ has significant cytotoxicity in both conventional therapy sensitive (MM1S, RPMI-8226) and resistant (MM1R, RPMI-Dox40, RPMI-LR5) MM cell lines, as well as freshly isolated patient MM tumor cells, with an IC50 of 1.25–4 mM at 72 hours in vitro. Importantly, no cytotoxic effects of Vidaza™ were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) obtained from healthy volunteers at ≤20 mM, suggesting a therapeutic index. Moreover, Vidaza™ overcame the survival and growth advantages conferred by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), or by adherence of MM cells to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). Vidaza™ induced apoptosis in MM cells, as determined by flow cytometric analysis using PI and Annexin V staining. Vidaza™-induced apoptosis was associated with PARP, caspase 8 and caspase 9 cleavage. Importantly, pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk, significantly, but only partially, inhibited apoptosis induced by Vidaza™, suggesting the involvement of both caspase dependent and independent pathways. Taken together, our studies therefore demonstrate that Vidaza™ induces apoptosis and overcomes in vitro drug resistance in MM cells. Ongoing studies are delineating the mechanism of action of Vidaza™ against MM cells to further provide the preclinical rationale for clinical evaluation of Vidaza™, alone or in combination with other agents, to improve patient outcome in MM.
Investigation and Application of Nanoparticle Dispersions of Pigment Yellow 185 using Organic Solvents (2009)

Self-aggregation of organic pigment nanoparticles in organic solvent produces poor quality thin-film coatings. The nonuniformity of surface layers produced by dense aggregates within films of nanopigments can be detrimental for light transmission. Formulating dispersions composed of an organic pigment and an organic solvent with minimized aggregation must be achieved for use as precursors for high-performance optical thin-films. The goal of our investigation was to determine the influence of deaggregating dispersants with and without a surface-modifying synergist, as well as the influence of solvent polarity on the dispersion properties. The work was focused on establishing nanoparticles smaller than 50 nm in size, which is an area not broadly published for solvent-based systems. A working hypothesis of using an acid-functionalized synergist capable of establishing stable acid/base ionic-pair interactions was investigated. Our work demonstrated that a synergist that incorporates acid functional groups can be combined with an amine-functionalized polymeric dispersant to form a stable organic solvent-based dispersion composed of dispersed pigment nanoparticles that also incorporate amine functional groups. Stabilizing ionic-pair interactions are proposed. The dispersion and coatings of the dispersion were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical properties of thin-films were evaluated from transmission spectroscopy measurements. Within this study, a correlation was established between spectral properties of coated dispersions and detected nanoparticle aggregation.
Maximizing the Electromagnetic and Chemical Resonances of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Nucleic Acids (2014)

Although surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has previously been performed with nucleic acids, the measured intensities for each nucleic acid have varied significantly depending on the SERS substrate and excitation wavelength. We have demonstrated that the charge-transfer (CT) mechanism, also known as the chemical enhancement of SERS, is responsible for the discrepancies previously reported in literature. The electronic states of cytosine and guanine attached to silver atoms are computationally calculated and experimentally measured to be in the visible range, which leads to a resonance Raman effect at the corresponding maximum wavelengths. The resulting SERS measurements are in good agreement with the simulated values, in which cytosine-silver shows stronger enhancement at 532 nm and guanine-silver shows stronger enhancement at 785 nm. An atomic layer of aluminum oxide is deposited on substrates to prevent charge-transfer, and corresponding measurements show weaker Raman signals caused by the suppression of the chemical resonance. These findings suggest the optimal SERS signal can be achieved by tuning the excitation wavelength to match both the electromagnetic and chemical resonances, paving the way for future single molecule detection of nucleic acids other than adenine.
Cationic cure of epoxy resins via benzylsulfonium salts covalently bound to glass surfaces (1997)

Abstract The cure behavior of epoxy resins in the presence of glass fillers was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A novel benzylsulfonium salt capable of covalently bonding to glass surfaces through a trialkoxysilane moiety were synthesized. Coupling of the salt to silica gel (as a model glass surface), characterization of the bound material, and its ability to initiate the cationic cure of DGEBA resins were investigated. The bound material was characterized by solid‐state 13 C and 29 Si CP/MAS NMR, FTIR, and TGA. The sulfonium salt was coupled with silica as the Br anion form because of the insolubility of the SbF 6 salt. After anion exchange, silica‐bound salt with SbF 6 counterion was shown to initiate cure of epoxy resins but only at temperatures much higher than with an analogous unbound salt (&gt;200°C and &lt;100°C, respectively). The inability to get complete anion exchange of Br anions for SbF 6 (necessary for cationic initiation activity) after coupling allowed formation of excess tetrahydrothiophene (THT) during heating through decomposition of the residual Br salt, causing temporary termination and a large delay in cure. The temporary termination mechanism involved reaction of THT and the active oxonium ion to give a primary alkylsulfonium salt. In addition, it was discovered that the silica gel itself had an inhibiting effect on the cure of epoxy resins cured with unbound initiator, giving low T g materials. This was due to inherent surface surface interaction with the salt and not to chemical reaction with the surface or with a physically adsorbed contaminant (such as water). The degree of inhibition increased with increasing filler content. Low surface area glass beads also inhibited cure, although surface modification of the glass beads with bound benzylsulfonium salt (SbF 6 form) improved cure significantly, reducing onset delay and giving high T g materials. The degree of delay was inversely dependent on the amount of silane coupled to the surface and varied with counterion.
Identification of serological biomarkers of infection, disease progression and treatment efficacy for leprosy (2012)

Although leprosy is curable with drug treatment, the identification of biomarkers of infection, disease progression and treatment efficacy would greatly help to reduce the overall prevalence of the disease. Reliable biomarkers would also reduce the incidence of grade-2 disability by ensuring that those who are most at risk are diagnosed and treated early or offered repeated treatments in the case of relapse. In this study, we examined the reactivity of sera from lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy patients (LPs) against a panel of 12 recombinant Mycobacterium leprae proteins and found that six proteins were strongly recognised by multibacillary (MB) patients, while only three were consistently recognised by paucibacillary patients. To better understand the dynamics of patient antibody responses during and after drug therapy, we measured antibody titres to four recombinant proteins, phenolic glycolipid-I and lipoarabinomannan at baseline and up to two years after diagnosis to investigate the temporal changes in the antibody titres. Reactivity patterns to individual antigens and decreases in antibody titres were patient-specific. Antibody titres to proteins declined more rapidly vs. those to carbohydrate and glycolipid antigens. Compared to baseline values, increases in antibody titres were observed during reactional episodes in one individual. Additionally, antibody responses against a subset of antigens that provided a good prognostic indicator of disease progression were analysed in 51 household contacts of MB index cases for up to two years. Although the majority of these contacts showed no change or exhibited decreases in antibody titres, seven individuals developed higher titres towards one or more of these antigens and one individual with progressively higher titres was diagnosed with borderline lepromatous leprosy 19 months after enrolment. The results of this study indicate that antibody titres to specific M. leprae antigens can be used to monitor treatment efficacy in LPs and assess disease progression in those most at risk for developing this disease.
A cardinality preserving multitarget multi-Bernoulli RFS tracker (2012)

A cardinality preserving multitarget multi-Bernoulli RFS tracker This document has been downloaded from Chalmers Publication Library (CPL). It is the author´s version of a work that was accepted for publication in:
Quantitative Structure—Property Relationship Modeling of β‐Cyclodextrin Complexation Free Energies. (2004)

CODESSA-PRO was used to model binding energies for 1:1 complexation systems between 218 organic\nguest molecules and β-cyclodextrin, using a seven-parameter equation with &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.796 and &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;cv&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.779.\nFragment-based TRAIL calculations gave a better fit with &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.943 and &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;cv&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.848 for 195 data points\nin the database. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed, and it is concluded that\na combination of the two approaches has much promise from a practical viewpoint.
Stochastic reconstruction of sandstones (2000)

A simulated annealing algorithm is employed to generate a stochastic model for a Berea sandstone and a Fontainebleau sandstone, with each a prescribed two-point probability function, lineal-path function, and "pore size" distribution function, respectively. We find that the temperature decrease of the annealing has to be rather quick to yield isotropic and percolating configurations. A comparison of simple morphological quantities indicates good agreement between the reconstructions and the original sandstones. Also, the mean survival time of a random walker in the pore space is reproduced with good accuracy. However, a more detailed investigation by means of local porosity theory shows that there may be significant differences of the geometrical connectivity between the reconstructed and the experimental samples.
The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the proteome of people achieving remission of Type 2 Diabetes (2021)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Evaluation of Potent Odorants in Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) and Muskmelons (Cucumis melo) by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (1990)

ABSTRACT The volatile components of cucumbers and muskmelons were analyzed by a technique which reveals the odorants having the highest odor units (ratio of the concentration to the odor threshold). (E/Z)‐2,6‐Nonadienal, followed by (Z)‐2‐nonenal and (E)‐2‐nonenal were the most significant odorants of cucumbers. The flavor of muskmelons was more complex. Methyl 2‐methylbutanoate, (Z)‐3‐hexenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, and ethyl 2‐methylpropanoate were identified as the primary odorants.
Extinguishing agent for magnesium fire, phases 5 and 6 (1987)

Abstract : This report documents the validation testing of the extinguishing system for metal fires developed as part of Phases I-IV. The results of this validation testing form the basis of information from which draft military specifications necessary to procure the agent and the agent delivery system may be developed. The developed system was tested against a variety of large-scale metal fire scenarios and the capabilities of the system assessed. In addition the response of the system to storage and to changes in ambient conditions was tested. Results of this testing revealed that the developed system represented a reliable metal fire extinguishing system that could control and extinguish very large metal fires. The specifications developed for the agent and for the delivery system are discussed in detail. Keywords: Fire suppression, Metal fires, Fire extinguishers.
CHE COSA STA SUCCEDENDO AL CODICE DELLO SPETTACOLO E AI SUOI DECRETI ATTUATIVI (2019)

L'articolo discute gli indirizzi del Governo in merito alle attività di spettacolo, e del teatro in particolare, nel disegno di legge che riprende le deleghe di cui alla l. 22 novembre, n. 175 2017, ovvero il cosiddetto "Codice dello Spettacolo".
Environmental Best Management Practices for Virginia's Golf Courses (2013)

Provides recommendations for golf courses in the Commonwealth that emphasize water quality protection and have been specifically adapted for courses in Virginia using the results of current research, the experience of golf course superintendents in implementing best management practices, golf industry representatives, and state regulators.