gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin dielectric film thickness determination by advanced transmission electron microscopy (2003)

High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) has been used as the ultimate method of thickness measurement for thin films. The appearance of phase contrast interference patterns in HR-TEM images has long been confused as the appearance of a crystal lattice by non-specialists. Relatively easy to interpret crystal lattice images are now directly observed with the introduction of annular dark field detectors for scanning TEM (STEM). With the recent development of reliable lattice image processing software that creates crystal structure images from phase contrast data, HR-TEM can also provide crystal lattice images. The resolution of both methods was steadily improved reaching now into the sub Angstrom region. Improvements in electron lens and image analysis software are increasing the spatial resolution of both methods. Optimum resolution for STEM requires that the probe beam be highly localized. In STEM, beam localization is enhanced by selection of the correct aperture. When STEM measurement is done using a highly localized probe beam, HR-TEM and STEM measurement of the thickness of silicon oxynitride films agree within experimental error. In this paper, the optimum conditions for HR-TEM and STEM measurement are discussed along with a method for repeatable film thickness determination. The impact of sample thickness is also discussed. The key result in this paper is the proposal of a reproducible method for film thickness determination.
Effects of Ranolazine on Astrocytes and Neurons in Primary Culture (2016)

Ranolazine (Rn) is an antianginal agent used for the treatment of chronic angina pectoris when angina is not adequately controlled by other drugs. Rn also acts in the central nervous system and it has been proposed for the treatment of pain and epileptic disorders. Under the hypothesis that ranolazine could act as a neuroprotective drug, we studied its effects on astrocytes and neurons in primary culture. We incubated rat astrocytes and neurons in primary cultures for 24 hours with Rn (10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 M). Cell viability and proliferation were measured using trypan blue exclusion assay, MTT conversion assay and LDH release assay. Apoptosis was determined by Caspase 3 activity assay. The effects of Rn on pro-inflammatory mediators IL-β and TNF-α was determined by ELISA technique, and protein expression levels of Smac/Diablo, PPAR-γ, Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD by western blot technique. In cultured astrocytes, Rn significantly increased cell viability and proliferation at any concentration tested, and decreased LDH leakage, Smac/Diablo expression and Caspase 3 activity indicating less cell death. Rn also increased anti-inflammatory PPAR-γ protein expression and reduced pro-inflammatory proteins IL-1 β and TNFα levels. Furthermore, antioxidant proteins Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD significantly increased after Rn addition in cultured astrocytes. Conversely, Rn did not exert any effect on cultured neurons. In conclusion, Rn could act as a neuroprotective drug in the central nervous system by promoting astrocyte viability, preventing necrosis and apoptosis, inhibiting inflammatory phenomena and inducing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.
Comparison Analysis of Machine Learning Classification on Apple Fruit Quality (2023)

Abstract This study presents a comparative analysis of classical and deep learning approaches for the classification of apple fruit quality, within the broader context of machine vision applications. Emphasizing the importance of the fruit's physical appearance in meeting market standards, the research explores the performance of classical methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), and Decision Tree (DT), in comparison to deep learning methods like Mobile-Net and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with self-design. A self-created dataset comprising 150 apple fruit images categorized into fresh, mid, and rotten classes are utilized, with an 80:20 training-test split. The evaluation of the approaches reveals promising results, with SVM achieving 86% accuracy, DT achieving 93%, KNN achieving 96.6%, and Mobile-Net and CNN achieving 97% accuracy. Notably, the study demonstrates the efficiency of these methods in classifying different quality classes of apple fruit. This research contributes to the existing knowledge in agricultural quality control and provides insights for researchers seeking suitable algorithms in the field of machine vision for fruit quality assessment, ultimately advancing the application of machine vision techniques in real-world scenarios.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Ketones Using Mixed‐Ligand Ruthenium Complexes. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prospective study of tympanic membrane retraction, hearing loss, and multifrequency tympanometry (1999)

Tympanic membrane retraction is a significant sequela of OME and has been linked clinically to atelectasis, ossicular erosion, and cholesteatoma. We investigated important factors for prediction of tympanic membrane retraction in a prospective study of 112 children. After 4 to 6 years of follow-up, 12% of ears had pars tensa retraction without atrophy, and 28% had various degrees of retraction with atrophy. Mild pars flaccida retraction was present in 23%, and severe pars flaccida retraction was present in 12%. Retraction severity was related to hearing level and multifrequency tympanometry. Three factors were significantly related to retraction severity: type of tube, male sex, and percent of visits in the second year with abnormal tympanograms. This study shows that type of tube was the most important factor in long-term outcome after tympanostomy tube treatment of OME.
Electrophysiological Effects of Ibutilide in Patients With Accessory Pathways (2001)

We report the use of ibutilide in terminating AP-mediated AF, including the first report in the pediatric population. Ibutilide prolonged refractoriness of the atrioventricular node, His-Purkinje system, and AP.
ChemInform Abstract: Interception of Tetrahedral Intermediates in Pd(II)‐Mediated Cycloalkenylations of Olefinic Enol Ethers. (1986)

Abstract Der Enolether (I) reagiert mit Pd(II)‐acetat über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zum Cyclisierungsprodukt (II), das sauer zum Keton (III) verseift wird.
InSn plasma penetration through protective single-walled carbon nanotube-based membranes (2022)

Laser-produced plasma sources of short-wavelength (1–20-nm) radiation are actively used nowadays in numerous applications, including water-window microscopy and extreme ultra-violet lithography. Suppression of laser-plasma debris (responsible for damaging optics) is crucial for the lifetime prolongation of optical systems operated with the short-wavelength radiation. Here, we examine the capability of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based membranes to decrease an InSn plasma flux containing both ions and atoms. Faraday cup measurements show that 40- and 90-nm-thick SWCNT membranes reduce the total charge transition by 20 and 130 times, respectively. The ion analyzer measurements demonstrate that ions pass through the membrane mainly due to the collisionless (ballistic) mechanism. Using scanning electron microscopy, we estimate a decrease in a plasma (ions + atoms) flux to be of 18 and 140 times for 40- and 90-nm-thick SWCNT-based membranes, respectively. The average plasma flux attenuation coefficient of SWCNT membranes is calculated as k = 0.063 nm−1.
Kinetics and mechanisms of nucleophilic displacements with heterocycles as leaving groups. Part 5. Solvent effects (1982)

First- and second-order rates for the reactions of 1-methyl-, 1-isopropyl-, 1-s-butyl-,1-benzyl-, and 1-p- methoxybenzyl-2,4,6-triphenylpyridiniums with piperidine in chlorobenzene in protic and dipolar aprotic solvents are reported. For the 1-isopropyl, 1-s-butyl and 1-p-methoxybenzyl derivatives the bimolecular reaction is accompanied by a unimolecular process in all solvents. Second-order rate constants for the 1-methyl and for the 1-benzyl compounds are correlated with the ET solvent parameter. Principal component analysis of second-order rates provided a three-component model. The first component differentiates aprotic solvents from protic ones, while the second component is linearly related to the basicity parameter B for aprotic solvents.
Development and integration of Web-based software tutorials for an undergraduate curriculum: control tutorials for MATLAB (2002)

The rapid development of the World Wide Web (WWW) has provided unprecedented opportunities for educators to reach audiences of students and colleagues around the world. This paper discusses the development, use, distribution, and integration into a curriculum of a set of Web-based software tutorials for undergraduate courses in automatic controls. The purpose of the tutorials is to teach students how to use MATLAB, a popular computation and visualization software package, to analyze and design automatic control systems. The tutorials combine explanatory text with sample MATLAB commands and illustrative plots and graphics, are highly interconnected, and are easily accessible over the WWW.
Potential Role for Flubendazole in Limiting Filariasis Transmission: Observations of Microfilarial Sensitivity (2017)

Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a potent and efficacious macrofilaricide after parenteral administration. Studies in animal models and one trial in patients infected with <i>Onchocerca volvulus</i> revealed that FLBZ elicits minimal effects on microfilariae (mf). Severe complications after ivermectin (IVM) treatment of patients with high <i>Loa loa</i> microfilaraemia are of great concern. We examined the potential of FLBZ to rapidly kill <i>L. loa</i> mf, the phenomenon proposed to underlie the complications. Mf of <i>L. loa</i> were exposed to FLBZ, its reduced metabolite, albendazole, or IVM in vitro. Viability of <i>L. loa</i> mf was unaffected by FLBZ (10 μM, 72 hours); similar results were obtained with mf of <i>Brugia malayi.</i> We also measured the effects of FLBZ on transmission of mf. <i>Aedes aegypti</i> were fed FLBZ-exposed <i>B. malayi</i> mf and dissected 24 hours or 14 days postfeeding to count mf that crossed the midgut and developed to infective L<sub>3</sub>. FLBZ impaired the ability of mf to cross the midgut, regardless of duration of exposure (≥ 2 hours). FLBZ also prevented the development of mf to L<sub>3</sub>s, irrespective of duration of exposure or concentration. FLBZ is not microfilaricidal under these conditions; however, it blocks transmission. These results support the possibility that FLBZ may be a useful macrofilaricide in loiasis regions and may limit transmission from treated individuals.
Reinforcement learning based scheduling algorithm for optimizing age of information in ultra reliable low latency networks (2019)

Age of Information (AoI) measures the freshness of the information at a remote location. AoI reflects the time that is elapsed since the generation of the packet by a transmitter. In this paper, we consider a remote monitoring problem (e.g., remote factory) in which a number of sensor nodes are transmitting time sensitive measurements to a remote monitoring site. We consider minimizing a metric that maintains a trade-off between minimizing the sum of the expected AoI of all sensors and minimizing an Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) term. The URLLC term is considered to ensure that the probability the AoI of each sensor exceeds a predefined threshold is minimized. Moreover, we assume that sensors tolerate different threshold values and generate packets at different sizes. Motivated by the success of machine learning in solving large networking problems at low complexity, we develop a low complexity reinforcement learning based algorithm to solve the proposed formulation. We trained our algorithm using the state-of-the-art actor-critic algorithm over a set of public bandwidth traces. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the considered baselines in terms of minimizing the expected AoI and the threshold violation of each sensor.
Introduction to the (PEEC) Partial Element Equivalent Circuit Approach Applied to SI/PI (2018)

This article consists only of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation. Some of the specific areas/topics discussed include: partial element equivalent circuit; PEEC; power distribution network circuit; plane inductance computations; decoupling capacitor; and skin-effect models.
High-brightness and narrow-linewidth diamond Raman lasers (2017)

We present our recent advances in the field of Raman frequency conversion using high-optical quality CVD-diamond. Different diamond Raman lasers were developed for efficiently generating multi-Watt output at specific wavelengths from the visible to the eye-safe spectral range, while single-frequency operation was accomplished by exploiting an intrinsic mode stability mechanism.
Changes in Breast Radiotherapy: Prone Positioning and Hypofractionation (2013)

Breast cancer management has drastically changed since the 1990s. Many patients with breast cancer now can opt to conserve their breast through a lumpectomy and radiation (breast conservation therapy), rather than a full mastectomy. Advances in the techniques of delivery and length of breast radiotherapy have been rapidly evolving. This article attempts to summarize some of those changes for nurses caring for patients with breast cancer during radiation therapy.
How We Do It: Operationalizing Just Culture in a Radiology Department (2019)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The purpose of this article is to describe how establishing routine practice sessions facilitates adoption by modality operations managers of the just culture model of error management in a radiology department. <b>CONCLUSION.</b> Implementation of ongoing just culture training among radiology operations managers can help them approach uniformity, equity, and transparency in managing errors. Managers see the just culture method as an effective tool that helps improve the safety of patient care.
DISTAL THORACIC AORTA HEMODYNAMICS DURING EXERCISE WITH CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST SYSTEM (2003)

Objectives; The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of exercise on blood flow in the distal thoracic aorta (DA) of LVAD implanted animals. Material and Methods; Five calves with a continuous flow LVAS exercised on treadmill at high pump flow rate (PFR) (80% of pulmonary artery flow rate) and low PFR (30%). Pump, pulmonary artery (PA) and DA flow waves were recorded. Results; (1) Average flow rates; PA and DA flow rates increased during exercise at both PFRs. (2) Pump flow; Pump regurgitation increased temporally during exercise at both PFRs, but sustained increases of regurgitation after exercise were observed at low PFR. (3) DA flow; At high PFR, systolic flow volume increased but diastolic flow volume decreased during exercise. At low PFR, both systolic and diastolic flow volume decreased during exercise, but systolic volume increased and diastolic volume decreased after exercise. Conclusion; Exercise temporarily increases pump regurgitation with continuous flow LVAS support. Average flow rate of the DA was maintained by compensation from increased heart rate, although the diastolic flow of the DA decreased after exercise at the lower PFR. Further study will be needed to evaluate hemodynamic and/or an oxygen delivery mismatch to peripheral tissue.
Radiofluorination of diaryliodonium tosylates under aqueous–organic and cryptand-free conditions (2013)

Positron emission tomography (PET) has growing importance as a molecular imaging technique in clinical research and drug development. Methods for producing PET radiotracers utilizing cyclotron-produced [(18)F]fluoride ion (t1/2 = 109.7 min) without the need for complete removal of irradiated target [(18)O]water and addition of cryptand are keenly sought for practical convenience and efficiency. Several structurally diverse diaryliodonium tosylates, XArI(+)Ar'Y TsO(-) (X = H or p-MeO), were investigated in a microfluidic apparatus for their reactivity towards radiofluorination with high specific activity (no-carrier-added) [(18)F]fluoride ion in mixtures of DMF and irradiated target [(18)O]water in the absence of cryptand. Salts bearing a para or ortho electron-withdrawing group Y (e.g., Y = p-CN) reacted rapidly (∼3 min) to give the expected major [(18)F]fluoroarene product, [(18)F]FArY, in useful moderate radiochemical yields even when the solvent had an [(18)O]water content up to 28%. Salts bearing electron-withdrawing groups in meta position (e.g., Y = m-NO2), or an electron-donating substituent (Y = p-OMe), gave low radiochemical yields under the same conditions.
Crossing of the branch cut: the topological origin of a universal 2π-phase retardation in non-Hermitian metasurfaces (2022)

Full wavefront control by photonic components requires that the spatial phase modulation on an incoming optical beam ranges from 0 to 2π. Because of their radiative coupling to the environment, all optical components are intrinsically non-Hermitian systems, often described by reflection and transmission matrices with complex eigenfrequencies. Here, we show that Parity-Time symmetry breaking -- either explicit or spontaneous -- moves the position of Zero singularities of the reflection or transmission matrices from the real axis to the upper part of the complex frequency plane. A universal 0 to 2π-phase gradient of an output channel as a function of the real frequency excitation is thus realized whenever the discontinuity branch bridging a Zero and a Pole, i.e a pair of singularities, is crossing the real axis. This basic understanding is applied to engineer electromagnetic fields at interfaces, including, but not limited to, metasurfaces. Non-Hermitian topological features associated with exceptional degeneracies or branch cut crossing are shown to play a surprisingly pivotal role in the design of resonant photonic systems.
Editorial Comment (2008)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Jul 2008Editorial Comment Maxwell V. Meng Maxwell V. MengMaxwell V. Meng More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.213AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 180(1), p. 154 University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California© 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 180Issue 1July 2008Page: 154 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Maxwell V. Meng More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Systematic Analysis of Evidence and Sound Expert Assessment: Two Enablers of Evidence‐Based Decision‐Making in Health (2018)

This commentary discusses attributes, membership, and modus operandi of advisory committees in the health sector, taking examples of a few committees operating internationally. It concludes on the importance of transparency and legitimacy for the credibility of their outcomes.
199 THE EFFECT OF ACHILLES TENDON OVERPULL ON A CADAVERIC FLATFOOT MODEL. (2006)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Flatfoot deformity (pes planus) involves not only loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, but is also characterized by forefoot abduction, hindfoot eversion, and possible Achilles tendon contracture. Most current cadaveric flatfoot models rely on substantial sectioning of ligaments, which simulates complete rupture, to create the flatfoot deformity. We are unaware of a model that has examined the effects of Achilles tendon contracture on the flat foot. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a new cadaveric flatfoot model that includes selective ligament attenuation, rather than sectioning, and to determine if Achilles tendon overpull in the model is associated with increased pes planus severity. <h3>Methods</h3> Ten fresh-frozen human cadaver feet were used for this IRB-approved study. A custom-designed acrylic loading frame was used to apply compressive forces to the tibia and fibula and tensile forces to the extrinsic tendons of the foot. The Fastrak® electromagnetic motion analysis system was used to measure the normal three-dimensional (3D) orientation of the bones of interest in the unloaded, loaded, and Achilles overpull conditions. A flatfoot model was created by attenuating ligaments involved in pes planus followed by cyclic axial loading with the extrinsic tendons still loaded. Flatfoot 3D bone orientations were acquired in the unloaded, loaded, and Achilles overpull conditions. <h3>Results</h3> Changes seen between normal feet and the created flat feet were consistent with those seen in pes planus deformity. The first metatarsal dorsiflexed 4.89° ± 3.59° (<i>p</i> &lt; .0001) and abducted 3.98° ± 3.30° (p &lt; .0001) relative to the talus. The navicular abducted 3.02° ± 2.20° (p &lt; .0001) relative to the talus. The calcaneus everted 4.01° ± 2.66° (p &lt; .0001) relative to the tibia. The talus plantar flexed 2.00° ± 2.37° (p = .0002) and adducted 4.35° ± 2.95° (p &lt; .0001). Achilles tendon overpull resulted in talar plantar flexion (2.17 ± 1.25°, p = .0001), first metatarsal-to-talus dorsiflexion (2.38 ± 1.19°, p = .0015), and navicular-to-talus abduction (0.96 ± 0.87°, p = .028). <h3>Discussion</h3> Selective ligament attenuation followed by cyclic axial loading with tendons loaded can create a cadaveric flatfoot model that is consistent with the in vivo deformity. Longitudinal arch depression, hindfoot eversion, talonavicular joint abduction, forefoot abduction, and talar plantar flexion are all common features of pes planus and were all seen in the current model. This study also indicates that the Achilles tendon contracture seen in many patients with flat feet may contribute to the severity of the deformity, particularly in longitudinal arch depression and forefoot abduction.