gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next-Generation Hardware Advances in CT: Cardiac Applications (2020)

Impending major hardware advances in cardiac CT include three areas: ultra-high-resolution (UHR) CT, photon-counting CT, and phase-contrast CT. Cardiac CT is a particularly demanding CT application that requires a high degree of temporal resolution, spatial resolution, and soft-tissue contrast in a moving structure. In this review, cardiac CT is used to highlight the strengths of these technical advances. UHR CT improves visualization of calcified and stented vessels but may result in increased noise and radiation exposure. Photon-counting CT uses multiple photon energies to reduce artifacts, improve contrast resolution, and perform material decomposition. Finally, phase-contrast CT uses x-ray refraction properties to improve spatial and soft-tissue contrast. This review describes these hardware advances in CT and their relevance to cardiovascular imaging.
Longitudinal anisotropy of the photoinduced molecular migration in azobenzene polymer films (2006)

The effects of tightly focused, higher-order laser beams on the photoinduced molecular migration and surface deformations in azobenzene polymer films are investigated. We demonstrate that the surface relief is principally triggered by longitudinal fields, i.e., electric fields polarized along the optical axis of the focused beam. Our findings can be explained by the translational diffusion of isomerized chromophores when the constraining effect of the polymer-air interface is considered.
[Cancers of the upper face. The experience of the Gustave Roussy Institute. Apropos of 162 cases (1965-1980)]. (1988)

Cancer of para-nasal cavities represented only a small group among cancers of upper aero-digestive tract; 3 to 4% of 1,200 admissions yearly with cancer of head and neck. These cancers may arise from bone or cartilage but originated mainly in the mucosal lining of nasal and sinus cavities. In the latter case these were carcinomas representing approximately 75% of nasosinusal cancers treated. Carcinomas are reviewed, with a distinction between epidermoid and glandular types due to their particular evolutive courses, this retrospective study involving 162 case-reports of patients over 16 years of age treated entirely in the Institut Gustave-Roussy between 1965 and 1980.
Optimal Tracking With Disturbance Rejection of Voltage Source Inverters (2019)

This paper presents a novel voltage regulator design methodology for a three-phase voltage source inverter with uncertain load dynamics. Different from existing literature, the load is treated as a dynamic uncertainty and a robust optimal state-feedback controller is proposed through the integration of optimal output regulation theory and backstepping method. To avoid sensing the inductor current, an output-feedback control scheme is developed as well. Stability of the inverter-load system is rigorously analyzed via the small-gain techniques. It is ensured that the tracking error asymptotically converges to zero through both the proposed state-feedback and output-feedback controllers. A standard proportional resonant controller is also designed for the purpose of comparison. It is shown that the proposed controller has inherent robustness and does not require retuning with different applications. The controller design method is generalized for grid-tie applications, since the grid can be regarded as a stable load system. Simulations and experimental results show the effectiveness of the control approaches.
Portrait du complexe industrialo-portuaire du Havre au travers de l'analyse de ses 32 000 emplois (2013)

Le complexe industrialo-portuaire havrais offre environ 32 000 emplois salaries en 2011 dont 14 000 emplois maritimes et portuaires et 18 000 emplois industriels ou de services aux industries. Ces emplois sont essentiellement masculins. Les salaries du cluster maritime et portuaire sont plus jeunes, ceux de l'industrie plus âges. Les departs pour fin d'activite devraient y etre plus nombreux dans les prochaines annees.
Rational Design of an Apoptosis‐Inducing Photoreactive DNA Intercalator (2013)

Licht auf DNA-Interkalatoren: Mittels Molekülmodellierung wurde ein vinylsubstituiertes Derivat des Tumortherapeutikums Chartreusin entworfen und durch Mutasynthese hergestellt. Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht verbesserte die antiproliferative Aktivität des Wirkstoffs durch kovalente Bindung an DNA und Induktion von Apoptose. Die Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend für eine verbesserte Chemotherapie, insbesondere für die selektive Tumorbehandlung mit Licht. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Expanded phenotype of cranioectodermal dysplasia (Sensenbrenner syndrome) (1997)

Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by defects of ectoderm-derived structures and characteristic bone anomalies. We report on a 27-month-old Caucasian girl with CED, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, hypoplasia of the posterior corpus callosum, photophobia, and aberrant calcium homeostasis. Since new traits were encountered, we reviewed all reported patients and one unpublished case and compared the frequency rates of the individual manifestations. The findings present in all patients are dolichocephaly and rhizomelia. Ectodermal dysplasia manifestations are variable. Short thorax and heart defect are inconsistent. Previously unreported anomalies include growth deficiency, delayed psychomotor development, microcephaly, photophobia, and abnormal calcium homeostasis. These clinical manifestations may facilitate the diagnosis of this condition.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cyclization of β‐Aminoacrylates: Expedient Synthesis of (+ )‐Monomorine 1 and (+)‐Indolizidine 195B. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulation of Hippocampal Transmitter Release During Development and Long-Term Potentiation (1995)

Developmental changes in rat hippocampal transmitter release and synaptic plasticity were investigated. Recordings from pairs of pyramidal neurons in slices showed that an action potential in a CA3 neuron released only a single quantum of transmitter onto a CA1 neuron. Failures of synaptic transmission reflected probabilistic transmitter release. The probability of release (Pr) was 0.9 in 4- to 8-day-old rats and decreased to less than 0.5 at 2 to 3 weeks. Long-term potentiation (LTP) in 2- to 3-week-old rats was associated with an increase in Pr from a single synaptic site. The high initial Pr in 4- to 8-day-old rats normally occludes the expression of LTP at this stage.
Processing of glycans on gly< glycopeptide antigens in anti presenting cells (2016)

ntil about 12 years ago, almost all an appropriate MHC c experimental work with antigens caand obtain presentation pable of stimulating T cells had been The MHC class II moleci performed with proteins and peptides, as receptor capable of bindi well as haptenated proteins and peptides. long peptide fragments o By far most of the work had been perbroad specificity and tran formed with mice that had been immuthe surface of the antige nized and examined for responses in as(APC) for presentation says for T cell proliferation. Pure immunogenic glycopepti carbohydrates were found to be incapable peptide provides the biI of major histocompatibility complex enables the glycopeptide (MHC) binding and T cell stimulation (1, MHC molecule, and tt 2). However, within the last 10 years it has provides an important p become evident that both CD4+ and ture that constitutes the
Effect of Size and Loading of Retinoic Acid in Polyvinyl Butyrate Nanoparticles on Amelioration of Colitis (2021)

Butyrate has been used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the controlled release of butyrate has been indicated to be necessary in order to avoid the side effects verified at high concentrations. We previously developed nanoparticles (NPs) of polyvinyl butyrate (PVBu) as an oral butyrate donor for the controlled release of butyrate for the treatment of colitis. To examine the effect of the size of NPs on the therapeutic effect of colitis, here we prepared PVBu NPs with different sizes (100 nm and 200 nm). Both sizes of PVBu NPs significantly suppressed the inflammatory response in macrophages in vitro. PVBu NPs with 200 nm showed better effects on the amelioration of colitis compared with the 100 nm-NPs. We found unexpectedly that 200 nm-NP incorporated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) showed a much better therapeutic effect than those with unloaded 200 nm-NPs, although ATRA alone was reported to worsen the inflammation. The synergistic effect of ATRA with butyrate shows evidence of being a promising approach for IBD treatment.
Prostatectomy Evaluation using 3D Visualization and Quantitation (2005)

Prostate cancer is a disease with a long natural history. Differences in survival outcomes as indicators of inappropriate surgery would take decades to appear. Therefore, the evaluation of the excised specimen according to defined parameters provides a more reasonable and timely assessment of surgical quality. There are currently a number of very different surgical approaches. Some uniform guidelines and quality assessment measuring readily available parameters would be desirable to establish a standard for comparison of surgical approaches and for individual surgical performance. In this paper, we present a novel methodology to objectively quantify the assessment process utilizing a 3D reconstructed model for the prostate gland. To this end, we discuss the development of a process employing image reconstruction and analysis techniques to assess the percent of capsule covered by soft tissue. A final goal is to develop software for the purpose of a quality assurance assessment for pathologists and surgeons to evaluate the adequacy/appropriateness of each surgical procedure; laparoscopic versus open perineal or retropubic prostatectomy. Results from applying this technique are presented and discussed.
Precise Cerebrovascular Segmentation (2020)

Analyzing cerebrovascular changes using Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (ToF-MRA) images can detect the presence of serious diseases and track their progress, e.g., hypertension. Such analysis requires accurate segmentation of the vasculature from the surroundings, which motivated us to propose a fully automated cerebral vasculature segmentation approach based on extracting both prior and current appearance features that capture the appearance of macro and micro-vessels. The appearance prior is modeled with a novel translation and rotation invariant Markov-Gibbs Random Field (MGRF) of voxel intensities with pairwise interaction analytically identified from a set of training data sets, while the current appearance is represented with a marginal probability distribution of voxel intensities by using a Linear Combination of Discrete Gaussians (LCDG) whose parameters are estimated by a modified Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. The proposed approach was validated on 190 data sets using three metrics, which revealed high accuracy compared to existing approaches.
1,4-Dimethoxy-9(10H)-acridinone derivatives. Synthesis, DNA binding studies and trypanocidal activity. (1992)

New acridinonic derivatives, which are hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted in positions 1, 4, and 1,4 were prepared with a view to obtain antiparasitic drugs. These compounds were tested against Trypanosoma cruzi strains and their capability of interacalation into DNA was determined. Nucleus substitutions, DNA binding, and trypanocidal activities have been correlated.
Microfluidic perfusion culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells under fully defined culture conditions (2013)

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising cell source for drug screening. For this application, self-renewal or differentiation of the cells is required, and undefined factors in the culture conditions are not desirable. Microfluidic perfusion culture allows the production of small volume cultures with precisely controlled microenvironments, and is applicable to high-throughput cellular environment screening. Here, we developed a microfluidic perfusion culture system for hiPSCs that uses a microchamber array chip under defined extracellular matrix (ECM) and culture medium conditions. By screening various ECMs we determined that fibronectin and laminin are appropriate for microfluidic devices made out of the most popular material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). We found that the growth rate of hiPSCs under pressure-driven perfusion culture conditions was higher than under static culture conditions in the microchamber array. We applied our new system to self-renewal and differentiation cultures of hiPSCs, and immunocytochemical analysis showed that the state of the hiPSCs was successfully controlled. The effects of three antitumor drugs on hiPSCs were comparable between microchamber array and 96-well plates. We believe that our system will be a platform technology for future large-scale screening of fully defined conditions for differentiation cultures on integrated microfluidic devices.
Self-Supported Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>–C Nanotube Arrays as High-Rate and Long-Life Anode Materials for Flexible Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

Self-supported Li4Ti5O12-C nanotube arrays with high conductivity architectures are designed and fabricated for application in Li-ion batteries. The Li4Ti5O12 nanotube arrays grow directly on stainless steel foil by a facile template-based solution route, further enhancing electronic conductivity by uniform carbon-coating on the inner and outer surfaces of Li4Ti5O12 nanotubes. Owing to the shortened Li(+) diffusion distance, high contact surface area, sufficient conductivity, and very good structure stability of the nanotube arrays, the self-supported Li4Ti5O12-C nanotube arrays exhibit remarkable rate capability (a reversible capability of 135 mA h g(-1), 105 mA h g(-1), and 80 mA h g(-1) at 30C, 60C, and 100C, respectively) and cycling performance (approximate 7% capacity loss after 500 cycles at 10C with a capacity retention of 144 mA h g(-1)).
Structural and mechanistic insights into the CAND1-mediated SCF substrate receptor exchange (2023)

Modular SCF (SKP1-CUL1-Fbox) ubiquitin E3 ligases orchestrate multiple cellular pathways in eukaryotes. Their variable SKP1-Fbox substrate receptor (SR) modules enable regulated substrate recruitment and subsequent proteasomal degradation. CAND proteins are essential for the efficient and timely exchange of SRs. To gain structural understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism, we reconstituted a human CAND1-driven exchange reaction of substrate-bound SCF alongside its co-E3 ligase DCNL1 and visualized it by cryo-EM. We describe high-resolution structural intermediates, including a ternary CAND1-SCF complex, as well as conformational and compositional intermediates representing SR- or CAND1-dissociation. We describe in molecular detail how CAND1-induced conformational changes in CUL1/RBX1 provide an optimized DCNL1-binding site and reveal an unexpected dual role for DCNL1 in CAND1-SCF dynamics. Moreover, a partially dissociated CAND1-SCF conformation accommodates cullin neddylation, leading to CAND1 displacement. Our structural findings, together with functional biochemical assays, help formulate a detailed model for CAND-SCF regulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Chiral 1,3‐Dioxanic Compounds Obtained from α‐Alkylated β‐Ketoesters. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Pyrazolidinium Ylides with Acetylenes. Synthesis of a New Class of Antibacterial Agents. (1988)

Abstract 1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the pyrazolidinium ylide (IV), generated in situ from the pyrazolidinone (II) and formaldehyde (III), with the propiolates (V) produces a mixture of the isomeric adducts (VI) and (VII).
Transient expression of the diseased phenotype of osteoarthritic chondrocytes in engineered cartilage (2016)

Due to the degradation of osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage in post-traumatic OA (PTOA), these tissues are challenging to study and manipulate in vitro. In this study, chondrocytes isolated from either PTOA (meniscal-release (MR) model) or normal (contralateral limb) cartilage of canine knee joints were used to form micropellets to assess the maintenance of the OA chondrocyte phenotype in vitro. Media samples from the micropellet cultures were used to measure matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), chemokine, and cytokine concentrations. Significant differences in matrix synthesis were observed as a function of disease with OA chondrocytes generally synthesizing more extracellular matrix with increasing time in culture. No donor dependent differences were detected. Luminex multiplex analysis of pellet culture media showed disease and time-dependent differences in interleukin (IL)-8, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)-like protein, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3, which are differentially expressed in OA. This memory of their diseased phenotype persists for the first 2 weeks of culture. These results demonstrate the potential to use chondrocytes from an animal model of OA to study phenotype alterations during the progression and treatment of OA. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:829-836, 2017.
Plasmodium falciparum parasites deploy RhopH2 into the host erythrocyte to obtain nutrients, grow and replicate (2017)

<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> parasites, the causative agents of malaria, modify their host erythrocyte to render them permeable to supplementary nutrient uptake from the plasma and for removal of toxic waste. Here we investigate the contribution of the rhoptry protein RhopH2, in the formation of new permeability pathways (NPPs) in <i>Plasmodium</i>-infected erythrocytes. We show RhopH2 interacts with RhopH1, RhopH3, the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and exported proteins involved in host cell remodeling. Knockdown of RhopH2 expression in cycle one leads to a depletion of essential vitamins and cofactors and decreased de novo synthesis of pyrimidines in cycle two. There is also a significant impact on parasite growth, replication and transition into cycle three. The uptake of solutes that use NPPs to enter erythrocytes is also reduced upon RhopH2 knockdown. These findings provide direct genetic support for the contribution of the RhopH complex in NPP activity and highlight the importance of NPPs to parasite survival.
Denaturant-Dependent Conformational Changes in a β-Trefoil Protein: Global and Residue-Specific Aspects of an Equilibrium Denaturation Process (2009)

Conformational properties of the folded and unfolded ensembles of human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) are strongly denaturant-dependent as evidenced by high-resolution two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), limited proteolysis, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The folded ensemble was characterized in detail in the presence of different urea concentrations by (1)H-(15)N HSQC NMR. The beta-trefoil fold characteristic of native IL-1ra was preserved until the unfolding transition region beginning at 4 M urea. At the same time, a subset of native resonances disappeared gradually starting at low denaturant concentrations, indicating noncooperative changes in the folded state. Additional evidence of structural perturbations came from the chemical shift analysis, nonuniform and bell-shaped peak intensity profiles, and limited proteolysis. In particular, the following nearby regions of the tertiary structure became progressively destabilized with increasing urea concentrations: the beta-hairpin interface of trefoils 1 and 2 and the H2a-H2 helical region. These regions underwent small-scale perturbations within the native baseline region in the absence of populated molten globule-like states. Similar regions were affected by elevated temperatures known to induce irreversible aggregation of IL-1ra. Further evidence of structural transitions invoking near-native conformations came from an optical spectroscopy analysis of its single-tryptophan variant W17A. The increase in the radius of gyration was associated with a single equilibrium unfolding transition in the case of two different denaturants, urea and guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). However, the compactness of urea- and GuHCl-unfolded molecules was comparable only at high denaturant concentrations and deviated under less denaturing conditions. Our results identified the role of conformational flexibility in IL-1ra aggregation and shed light on the nature of structural transitions within the folded ensembles of other beta-trefoil proteins, such as IL-1beta and hFGF-1.
Resolution improving method for a 3D environment modeling using omnidirectional image sensor (2003)

Recently, many applications in virtual reality and robotics require to create virtual environment from a real scene. A catadioptric omnidirectional image sensor composed of a convex mirror can observe a 360-degree field of view at once. It is useful for modeling a man-made environment such as a room, a corridor and a building, because the landmarks around the sensor can be taken and tracked by its large field of view. However, the angular resolution of the omnidirectional image is low owing to capturing the large field of view. Therefore, the resolution of texture patterns of each surface on the generated 3D scene model is not enough for monitoring details. To solve this problem, we propose a high-resolution scene texture generation method that combines an omnidirectional image sequence using image mosaic and super-resolution techniques.
First Total Synthesis of a Fluorinated Calystegin (2010)

A straightforward chiral pool synthesis for the first fluorinated calystegin is described. Key steps of this synthesis include an ultrasound-assisted Zn-mediated tandem ring opening reaction followed by a Grubbs’ catalyst-mediated ring closure metathesis reaction. The target compound is a selective and competitive inhibitor for a β -glycosidase.
Effects of impurities on the oxidation of MoSi2 on silicon (1984)

When MoSi2 films on silicon are exposed to oxidizing ambients, a continuous layer of SiO2 grows on the silicide surface. However, when the presence of oxygen impurities exceeds 2 at. % at the silicon-MoSi2 interface, metal-rich silicide phases form. The coexistence of these phases and the absence of metal oxides are explained by considering both the oxidation kinetics and the ternary phase diagram of the Mo-Si-O system.