gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening Methods to Develop Alfalfa Germplasms Tolerant of Acid, Aluminum Toxic Soils (1996)

Soil acidity and aluminum (Al) toxicity are major problems limiting performance of alfalfa ( Medicago saliva L.) in many parts of the world, but neither an effective screening procedure nor a tolerant cultivar is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate different screening methods for selection of acid soil tolerant alfalfa germplasms in the greenhouse during 1991–1994. The general screening methods included selection in unlimed soil, selection in unlimed soil containing a limed germination layer, selection for either tolerance or sensitivity to acid soil stress with Al toxicity in tissue culture, selection in unlimed soil with tandem selection for Al tolerance in tissue culture, and selection in unlimed soil containing a limed, fertilized germination layer with tandem selection for Al tolerance in tissue culture. All selected populations and checks were evaluated during 1994 in greenhouse cups containing the following soil treatments: (i) cups filled with unlimed soil, (ii) cups filled with limed soil, and (iii) cups filled with unlimed soil containing a germimation layer of limed soil. Most of the selected populations possessed better root and shoot growth than the original base population (GA‐TE) in unlimed soil, but only the population selected in unlimed soil showed better root and shoot growth in unlimed soil with a limed germination layer. No population had poorer performance than GA‐TE in limed soil. Selection in cell culture for Al toxicity tolerance did not improve tolerance per se, but selection for Al sensitivity enhanced sensitivity. In terms of success, resources, and time, screening in unlimed soil was the most effective method to improve acid soil stress tolerance.
Two-Stage Path Planning Approach for Designing Multiple Spacecraft Reconfiguration Maneuvers (2007)

The paper presents a two-stage approach for designing optimal reconfiguration maneuvers for multiple spacecraft. These maneuvers involve well-coordinated and highly-coupled motions of the entire fleet of spacecraft while satisfying an arbitrary number of constraints. This problem is particularly difficult because of the nonlinearity of the attitude dynamics, the non-convexity of some of the constraints, and the coupling between the positions and attitudes of all spacecraft. As a result, the trajectory design must be solved as a single 6N DOF problem instead of N separate 6 DOF problems. The first stage of the solution approach quickly provides a feasible initial solution by solving a simplified version without differential constraints using a bi-directional Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) planner. A transition algorithm then augments this guess with feasible dynamics that are propagated from the beginning to the end of the trajectory. The resulting output is a feasible initial guess to the complete optimal control problem that is discretized in the second stage using a Gauss pseudospectral method (GPM) and solved using an off-the-shelf nonlinear solver. This paper also places emphasis on the importance of the initialization step in pseudospectral methods in order to decrease their computation times and enable the solution of a more complex class of problems. Several examples are presented and discussed.
VEGF Scaffolds Enhance Angiogenesis and Bone Regeneration in Irradiated Osseous Defects (2006)

Our findings show that VEGF scaffolds have the ability to enhance neovascularization and bone regeneration in irradiated osseous defects, outlining a novel approach for engineering tissues in hypovascular environments.
Secure Random Sampling in Differential Privacy (2021)

Differential privacy is among the most prominent techniques for preserving privacy of sensitive data, oweing to its robust mathematical guarantees and general applicability to a vast array of computations on data, including statistical analysis and machine learning. Previous work demonstrated that concrete implementations of differential privacy mechanisms are vulnerable to statistical attacks. This vulnerability is caused by the approximation of real values to floating point numbers. This paper presents a practical solution to the finite-precision floating point vulnerability, where the inverse transform sampling of the Laplace distribution can itself be inverted, thus enabling an attack where the original value can be retrieved with non-negligible advantage. The proposed solution has the advantages of being generalisable to any infinitely divisible probability distribution, and of simple implementation in modern architectures. Finally, the solution has been designed to make side channel attack infeasible, because of inherently exponential, in the size of the domain, brute force attacks.
18.1 A 1.7-to-2.2GHz full-duplex transceiver system with &gt;50dB self-interference cancellation over 42MHz bandwidth (2017)

Full-duplex (FD) radio communication potentially doubles the spectral efficiency in the densely occupied RF spectrum (100MHz to 5GHz). However, significant challenges remain, particularly the presence of a strong transmitter (TX) self-interference (SI) coupling to the receiver (RX). Numerous recent efforts on mitigating SI have focused on using active cancellation techniques [1-5]. However, these methods are challenged by either a degradation in noise performance [2], high power consumption [1,4], large silicon area [5], the inability to adequately cancel a high-output-power TX signal [3-4], or achieve a relatively narrow cancellation bandwidth [3,5]. Moreover, other sources of SI are presented to the RX, including the effects of (1) in-band TX thermal noise, which can exceed the RX noise floor, (2) the RX LO phase noise (PN), which reciprocally mixes with SI, further degrading the C/I ratio. This paper presents several circuit-level techniques, which contribute toward reducing the interaction between the TX and RX in FD radios.
Lasing in metal-coated GaN nano-stripe at room temperature (2011)

We demonstrated lasing in a metal-coated GaN nano-stripe under room temperature pulsed operation, and the lasing mode at 370nm were observed. Aluminum and SiO2 layers were coated on the undoped GaN nano-stripe.
The Effects of Carbon Black-Vulcanization System Interactions on Natural Rubber Network Structures and Properties (1982)

Abstract We have studied the interaction of the vulcanization system (conventional and EV) and filler (HAF black, N330) concentration on the technical properties and network structure of NR vulcanizates. At lower loadings of filler, a marked difference in values of resilience, hardness, tear strength, elongation at break and tensile strength was observed between the vulcanizates of the two systems; whereas, this difference is minimized at higher loadings of filler. At all loadings, modulus, flex cracking resistance, dynamic set, and compression set are higher for the conventional system than for the EV one. But irrespective of filler concentration, heat buildup is higher for the EV system than for the conventional system. At lower loadings of filler, abrasion loss is independent of the vulcanization system, but at higher loadings, abrasion loss for the EV system is more than for that of the conventional one. Addition of HAF black at 5 phr loading increases total crosslink density and the proportion of polysulfidic crosslinks in the conventional system, and higher loadings of filler do not have any further effect on the network structure. That is why the vulcanizates of the conventional system yield higher resilience, hardness, tear strength, elongation at break, tensile strength, modulus, flexcracking resistance, and set properties as well as less heat buildup. But at higher loadings of filler, some of the above properties tend to become independent of the vulcanization system. This implies that at higher loadings of filler, rubber-filler attachment overshadows the network structure, and the properties become independent of vulcanization system and are governed by the filler concentration. We have also calculated the vulcanization rate parameters with the help of Goran's model for understanding higher polysulfidic crosslinks in the presence of HAF black and in conventional systems.
Highly Aligned, Anisotropic Carbon Nanofiber Films for Multidirectional Strain Sensors with Exceptional Selectivity (2019)

Abstract Realization of sensing multidirectional strains is essential to understanding the nature of complex motions. Traditional uniaxial strain sensors lack the capability to detect motions working in different directions, limiting their applications in unconventional sensing technology areas, like sophisticated human–machine interface and real‐time monitoring of dynamic body movements. Herein, a stretchable multidirectional strain sensor is developed using highly aligned, anisotropic carbon nanofiber (ACNF) films via a facile, low‐cost, and scalable electrospinning approach. The fabricated strain sensor exhibits semitransparency, good stretchability of over 30%, outstanding durability for over 2500 cycles, and remarkable anisotropic strain sensing performance with maximum gauge factors of 180 and 0.3 for loads applied parallel and perpendicular to fiber alignment, respectively. Cross‐plied ACNF strain sensors are fabricated by orthogonally stacking two single‐layer ACNFs, which present a unique capability to distinguish the directions and magnitudes of strains with a remarkable selectivity of 3.84, highest among all stretchable multidirectional strain sensors reported so far. Their unconventional applications are demonstrated by detecting multi‐degrees‐of‐freedom synovial joint movements of the human body and monitoring wrist movements for systematic improvement of golf performance. The potential applications of novel multidirectional sensors reported here may shed new light into future development of next‐generation soft, flexible electronics.
Experimental Demonstration of a New Pilot Tone Generation Method (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate a line encoding based pilot tone generation method and compare it to conventional schemes. The proposed method leaves intact the high speed signal quality and can be used with standard optical transceivers.
Multiple Introductions of Avian Influenza Viruses (H5N1), Laos, 2009–2010 (2012)

Avian influenza viruses (H5N1) of clades 2.3.4.1, 2.3.4.2, and 2.3.2.1 were introduced into Laos in 2009-2010. To investigate these viruses, we conducted active surveillance of poultry during March 2010. We detected viruses throughout Laos, including several interclade reassortants and 2 subgroups of clade 2.3.4, one of which caused an outbreak in May 2010.
Geriatric fracture program centering age‐friendly care associated with lower length of stay and lower direct costs (2022)

A systematic approach to improving care for older adults with fractures improved length of stay and total direct costs.
Human Adenylate Kinase 2 Deficiency Causes a Profound Haematopoietic Defect Associated with Sensorineural Deafness (2008)

Abstract Human adenylate kinase 2 deficiency causes the most profound human haematopoietic defect associated with sensorineural deafness. Reticular dysgenesis (RD) is an autosomal recessive form of human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) characterized by an early differentiation block in the myeloid lineage and a profound impairment in lymphoid maturation associated with bilateral sensorineural deafness. The lack of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in affected newborns is responsible for the occurrence of severe infections earlier than usually observed in the other forms of SCID. Furthermore, RD associated neutropenia is characterized by the lack of responsiveness to G-CSF. We have identified bi-allelic mutations in the adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) gene is seven patients affected with RD. These mutations resulted in the absence or a strong decrease in protein expression. Restoration of AK2 expression in the bone marrow cells of RD patients overcomes the neutrophil differentiation arrest, underlying its specific requirement in the development of a restricted set of haematopoietic lineages. Lastly, we established that AK2 is specifically expressed in the stria vascularis region of the inner ear. The function of this gene in the differentiation of a given set of cell lineages is rapidly in progress, showing that studies of primary immunodeficiencies continue to provide key information on human lympho-haematopoietic development. Moreover the AK2 enzyme seems a key molecule in different biological systems such as the lympho-haematopoiesis and the brain development.
Free-hand sewn allografts, stentless (Prima Edwards) and stented (CESA) porcine bioprostheses*A comparative hemodynamic study (1995)

In a retrospective, non-randomized study, the clinical and hemodynamic properties of 50 consecutively implanted hand-sewn allografts (group I), 50 stentless bioprostheses (group II) and 50 stented bioprostheses (group III) were compared. Preoperative hemodynamic and clinical data were identical in the three groups, except for age (group I: 54.4 +/- 8.7, group II: 67.0 +/- 5.1, group III: 70.0 +/- 5.1). Peak and mean gradients and flow characteristics with echo Doppler were performed at 1 week, 6 and 12 months. For the 21, 23 and 25 diameter prostheses, group differences between groups II and III in peak and mean gradients were not significant after 1 week and 1 year. In all groups, allografts had significantly lower gradients. Regurgitation (I-II) was present after 1 week and 1 year in group I: in 17/48 and 22/42 patients respectively, in group II 7/49 and 11/44 patients and in group III: in 1/49 and 2/44 patients. Early mortality and morbidity were comparable in all groups. Allografts have superior hemodynamic properties. Differences in gradients in groups II and III were not significant, though differences in technique allowed the implantation of a larger bioprostheses in group II. Regurgitation was most prominent in the allograft group. Immediate postoperative results were not influenced by the type of prosthesis.
Transition States of Amine-Catalyzed Aldol Reactions Involving Enamine Intermediates:  Theoretical Studies of Mechanism, Reactivity, and Stereoselectivity (2001)

The mechanisms, transition states, relative rates, and stereochemistries of amine-catalyzed aldol reactions involving enamine intermediates have been explored with density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G*) and CPCM solvation models. Primary enamine-mediated aldol reactions involve half-chair transition states with hydrogen bonding leading to proton transfer. This leads to charge stabilization and low activation energies as compared to secondary enamine-mediated aldol reactions. Oxetane intermediates can be formed when C-C bond formation occurs without H-transfer in the transition state. The stereoselectivities of reactions of ketone enamines with aldehydes, including the facial stereoselectivity involving chiral aldehydes, were modeled and compared with experimental results. Transition states for the intramolecular aldol reactions leading to the formation of hydrindanone-beta-ketol and decalone-beta-ketol aldol products showed a preference for the formation of the cis-fused rings, in agreement with experimental results.
Semiconductor Thin Film Based Metasurfaces and Metamaterials for Photovoltaic and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Applications (2019)

Abstract In both photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC‐WS) solar conversion devices, the ultimate aim is to design highly efficient, low cost, and large‐scale compatible cells. To achieve this goal, the main step is the efficient coupling of light into active layer. This can be obtained in bulky semiconductor‐based designs where the active layer thickness is larger than light penetration depth. However, most low‐bandgap semiconductors have a carrier diffusion length much smaller than the light penetration depth. Thus, photogenerated electron–hole pairs will recombine within the semiconductor bulk. Therefore, an efficient design should fully harvest light in dimensions in the order of the carriers' diffusion length to maximize their collection probability. For this aim, in recent years, many studies based on metasurfaces and metamaterials were conducted to obtain broadband and near‐unity light absorption in subwavelength ultrathin semiconductor thicknesses. This review summarizes these strategies in five main categories: light trapping based on i) strong interference in planar multilayer cavities, ii) metal nanounits, iii) dielectric units, iv) designed semiconductor units, and v) trapping scaffolds. The review highlights recent studies in which an ultrathin active layer has been coupled to the above‐mentioned trapping schemes to maximize the cell optical performance.
Observation of wave packet motion along quasi-Landau orbits (1993)

The evolution of wave packets is investigated in crossed magnetic and electric fields. We report a direct observation of their propagation along classical trajectories in the time domain. Rydberg states of rubidium are excited with a short laser pulse. We monitor the evolution of the wave packet using a delayed, ionizing probe pulse. When the wave packet approaches the nucleus, the ionization signal is enhanced. The first return to the nucleus is observed and is in agreement with semiclassical predictions. Further evolution of the wave packet is also observed.
Application of bacteriorhodopsin films in an adaptive-focusing schlieren system (1995)

The photochromic property of bacteriorhodopsin films is exploited in the application of a focusing schlieren optical system for the visualization of optical phase information. By encoding an image on the film with light of one wavelength and reading out with a different wavelength, the readout beam can effectively see the photographic negative of the original image. The potential advantage of this system over previous focusing schlieren systems is that the updatable nature of the bacteriorhodopsin film allows system adaptation. I discuss two image encoding and readout techniques for the bacteriorhodopsin and use film transmission characteristics to choose the more appropriate method. I demonstrate the system principle with experimental results using argon-ion and He-Cd lasers as the two light sources of different wavelengths, and I discuss current limitations to implementation with a white-light source.
A randomized phase I/II trial of antitumor vaccination using the recombinant MAGE-A3 protein loaded on myeloid DC or mixed with adjuvant ASO2B in melanoma patients (2005)

2526 Background: The MAGE-A3 gene codes for tumor-specific antigens recognized by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. We and others previously reported trials with HLA class I-peptide loaded on autologous dendritic cells (DC) that induced specific T cells and occasional antitumor responses. This immune response was transient, possibly due to the lack of T-cell help. Here, we evaluated the potential advantage of the concurrent presentation of CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes on the recombinant (rec) MAGE-A3 protein loaded on myeloid DC, as compared to the protein combined with adjuvant AS02B. Methods: 19 patients (pts) with evaluable stage III or IV MAGE-A3 expressing melanoma received 4 vaccines (weeks 0, 2, 6, 10) of recMAGE-A3 protein either loaded on autologous non-mature DC (40–100 x 10E6 i.d./s.c.), or mixed with AS02B adjuvant (adj.) (300 μg of protein i.m.). DC were generated from adherent PBMC for 7 days with GM-CSF + IL-4, then pulsed with the protein for 1h. T-cell response was analyzed by Elispot after in vitro restimulation, and Ab response by ELISA. Additional compassionate vaccines (rec protein) were given in case of clinical benefit. Results: From the 19 pts, 18 were eligible and, among them, 14 received the 4 vaccines (3 rapid progressions and 1 technical problem). In both arms, no serious toxicity was reported. We observed in the adj. arm (9 pts): one partial response (7 mo), one mixed response (>34mo, with vitiligo surrounding a responsive lesion), and one stable disease (>26mo); in the DC arm (5 pts): one mixed response (>23mo). Pts showed a strong Ab response against the protein in the adj. arm, while no Ab was detected in the DC arm. Moreover, increase in anti-MAGE-A3 T cell frequency (defined as a minimum of 2.5x baseline frequency) was detected in 4 out of 9 pts in adj. arm, and in 1 out of 5 pts in DC arm (responders: n=5, mean fold increase baseline = 9.7). All but one pt with clinical responses were in the T cell responder group. Conclusions: Vaccines with recMAGE-A3 protein given with AS02B adjuvant or loaded on DC were safe. Although the cohorts are small, clinical and immune responses against MAGE-A3 protein seem to be more frequent in the AS02B adjuvant arm than in the non-mature DC arm. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Strain engineering to reduce acetate accumulation during microaerobic growth conditions in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2017)

Microaerobic (oxygen limited) conditions are advantageous for several industrial applications since a majority of the carbon atoms can be directed for synthesis of desired products. Oxygen limited conditions, however, can result in high levels of undesirable by-products such as acetate, which subsequently can have an impact on biomass and product yields. The molecular mechanisms involved in acetate accumulation under oxygen limited conditions are not well understood. Our results indicate that a majority of the genetic modifications known to decrease acetate under aerobic conditions results in similar or even higher acetate under oxygen limitation. Deletion of arcA, whose gene product is a global transcriptional regulator, was the only modification among those evaluated that significantly decreased acetate under both transient and prolonged oxygen limitation. Transcriptome results indicate that the arcA deletion results in an increased expression of the operon involving acs and actP (whose gene products are involved in acetate assimilation and uptake respectively) and some genes in the TCA cycle, thereby promoting increased acetate assimilation. These results provide useful cues for strain design for improved manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals under oxygen limited conditions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:303-314, 2018.
Peritoneal dialysis in the 21st century: the potential of gene therapy. (2002)

One of the greatest biotechnologic advances of the last 25 yr is genetic engineering--the ability to identify and isolate individual genes and transfer genetic elements between cells. Genetic engineering forms the basis of a unique biotechnology platform called gene therapy: an approach to treating disease through genetic manipulation. It is becoming clear that during peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneal membrane undergoes various structural and functional changes that compromise the dialyzing efficiency of the membrane and eventually lead to membrane failure. A gene therapy strategy based on genetic modification of the peritoneal membrane could improve the practice of peritoneal dialysis through the production of proteins that would be of therapeutic value in preventing membrane damage and preserving its dialyzing capacity. The peritoneal membrane can be genetically modified by either ex vivo or in vivo gene transfer strategies with a variety of potentially therapeutic genes, including those for anti-inflammatory cytokines, fibrinolytic factors, and antifibrotic molecules. These genes could be administered either on an acute basis, such as in response to peritonitis, or on an intermittent basis to maintain physiologic homeostasis and perhaps to prevent the adverse changes in the membrane that occur over time. The anticipated effect of a gene therapy strategy could be measured in maintenance of desired transport characteristics and in patients being able to remain on the therapy for longer periods of time without the negative outcomes. In summary, the use of a gene therapy strategy to enhance peritoneal dialysis is an innovative and exciting concept with the potential to provide new treatment platforms for patients with end-stage renal disease.