gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for Detecting Abnormal Program Behavior on Embedded Devices (2015)

A potential threat to embedded systems is the execution of unknown or malicious software capable of triggering harmful system behavior, aimed at theft of sensitive data or causing damage to the system. Commercial off-the-shelf embedded devices, such as embedded medical equipment, are more vulnerable as these type of products cannot be amended conventionally or have limited resources to implement protection mechanisms. In this paper, we present a self-organizing map (SOM)-based approach to enhance embedded system security by detecting abnormal program behavior. The proposed method extracts features derived from processor's program counter and cycles per instruction, and then utilises the features to identify abnormal behavior using the SOM. Results achieved in our experiment show that the proposed method can identify unknown program behaviors not included in the training set with over 98.4% accuracy.
Sinusoidale Endothelzellen der Mausleber unterdrücken T Zell-Aktivierung durch Dendritische Zellen (2006)

Von den Antigen-präsentierenden Zellen der Leber fördern sinusoidale Endothelzellen (SEC) Immuntoleranz, während Dendritische Zellen (DC) Entzündungsreaktionen fördern können. Um zu untersuchen, welcher Zelltyp dominant ist, verglichen wir T Zell-Aktivierung durch SEC und DC jeweils alleine und in Ko-Kultur.
Digital/Analog Cosimulation using CocoTB and Xyce (2018)

In this article, we describe a prototype cosimulation framework using Xyce, GHDL and CocoTB that can be used to analyze digital hardware designs in out-of-nominal environments. We demonstrate current software methods and inspire future work via analysis of an open-source encryption core design. Note that this article is meant as a proof-of-concept to motivate integration of general cosimulation techniques with Xyce, an open-source circuit simulator.
Joint Optimization of Latency and Deployment Cost Over TDM-PON Based MEC-Enabled Cloud Radio Access Networks (2019)

The convergence of optical and wireless networks, and the marginalization of centralized data centers are required for next-generation telecommunications. According to the operators' concern of cost-efficient deployment combined with latency-sensitive requirements, network planning will lay a foundation for the development of next-generation networks. In particular, the network planning of mobile edge computing (MEC)-enabled cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) in a cost-effective and low-latency manner becomes exceedingly challenging. However, most research studies focus on the cost-effective deployment of C-RAN without considering the optimal placement of MEC servers simultaneously. Moreover, deployment costs and access latency will be directly affected by the optimal deployment of both the MEC servers and access networks. Therefore, we investigate how to coordinate the optimal deployment of MEC servers and C-RAN for latency-sensitive services. In detail, a MILP model is proposed to minimize the joint cost of latency and network deployment of time division multiplexing-passive optical network (TDM-PON) based MEC-enabled C-RAN. Given the model's complexity, a heuristic algorithm is also proposed to solve the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance comparisons of different approaches under different network scenarios. The impacts of some key parameters on comparisons of different approaches are also analyzed.
On the influence of specular reflections in MF radar wind measurements (1995)

Numerical simulations are employed to investigate possible biases in Medium Frequency (MF) wind estimates. To explain apparent biases inferred from Arecibo Initiative in Dynamics of the Atmosphere (AIDA) campaign measurements, Hines et al. (1993) have suggested that MF radar estimates of horizontal winds should be biased toward the phase speed of perturbing gravity waves if the MF scattering process is modulated by the passage of such waves through the scattering volume. One of the proposed scenarios involves modulation of the tilts of anisotropic irregularities by the perturbation winds associated with gravity waves. We use a two‐dimensional propagation model in which anisotropic scattering centers are represented by conducting line segments located at random positions inside the radar scattering volume. The scatterers are advected and tilted by the superposition of a mean wind and the perturbation winds associated with a gravity wave. Simulated complex time series, which would be recorded by a two‐receiver antenna array with a typical MF radar system parameters, are analyzed to obtain spaced antenna (SA) wind estimates for comparison with the specified wind speed at the center of the scattering volume. Numerical simulations are carried out for many different sets of gravity wave parameters. Each simulation is performed twice, once with essentially isotropic scatterers (line segments of length λ/2) and again with anisotropic (“specular”) scatterers of length 10 λ. Numerical results indicate that individual SA wind estimates are accurately predicted by the wave‐induced error model of Kudeki et al. (1993). This is true for both isotropic and specular scatterers as long as the gravity wave has a horizontal wavelength larger than the horizontal dimension of the radar range cell. The results also indicate that estimated winds averaged over one period of the perturbing gravity wave exhibit statistically significant biases when the scattering centers are highly anisotropic, but the bias is not necessarily toward the phase speed of the perturbing gravity wave and, more importantly, the magnitude of the bias exhibited in our simulations was always less than 15 m/s. Implications of the numerical results are discussed in light of observed discrepancies as large as 40 m/s in recent AIDA campaign comparisons between MF and incoherent scatter radar winds. In particular, it is argued that the simulation results support the wave‐induced fluctuations model put forth by Kudeki et al. (1993) as an explanation for the AIDA results.
A methodology for developing dynamic network reconfiguration processes (2003)

Dynamic network reconfiguration is defined as the change from one routing function to another while the network is up and running. The main challenge is avoidance of deadlocks, while keeping restrictions on packet injection and forwarding minimal. Current approaches either require virtual channels in the network, or they work only for a limited set of routing algorithms. We present a methodology for devising deadlock free and dynamic transitions between an old and a new routing function. The methodology is independent of topology and puts no restrictions on either routing function. Furthermore, it does not require any virtual channels to guarantee deadlock freedom. This research is motivated by the current trend toward using increasingly larger Internet servers based on clusters of PCs and the very high availability requirements of those as well as other local, system, and storage area network-based systems
The Effects of Piracetam in Children with Dyslexia (1985)

Following previous research which suggests that piracetam improves performance on tasks associated with the left hemisphere, a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of developmental dyslexics was conducted. Six study sites treated 257 dyslexic boys between the ages of 8 and 13 years who were significantly below their potential in reading performance. Children were of at least normal intelligence, had normal findings on audiologic, ophthalmologic, neurologic, and physical examination, and were neither educationally deprived nor emotionally disturbed. Piracetam was found to be well tolerated in this study population. Children treated with piracetam showed improvements in reading speed. No other effects on reading were observed. In addition, improvement in auditory sequential short-term memory was observed in those piracetam-treated patients who showed relatively poor memory at baseline. It is suggested that longer term treatment with piracetam may result in additional improvements.
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Future Internet Technologies (2012)

The Seventh International Conference on Future Internet Technologies (CFI'12) continues the tradition of being the forum for early work on Future Internet research. This year we received 36 submissions and accepted 13 oral and 7 poster presentations out of them. Each paper was reviewed by three members of the Technical Program Committee. As the goal of CFI '12 is to be the nurturing platform for budding research, the Technical Program Committee put much effort to return encouraging reviews and scout for promising ideas.
Counterion Exchange in Peptide-Complexed Core–Shell Microgels (2019)

The complexation of polyvalent macroions with oppositely charged polyelectrolyte microgels can lead to core-shell structures. The shell is believed to be highly deswollen with a high concentration of counter-macroions. The core is believed to be relatively free of macroions but under a uniform compressive stress due to the deswollen shell. We use cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with X-ray microanalysis to confirm this understanding. We study poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) microgels which form a core-shell structure when complexed with a small cationic antimicrobial peptide (L5). We follow the spatial distribution of polymer, water, Na counterions, and peptide based on the characteristic X-ray intensities of C, O, Na, and N, respectively. Frozen-hydrated microgel suspensions include buffers of known composition from which calibration curves can be generated and used to quantify both the microgel water and sodium concentrations, the latter with a minimum quantifiable concentration less than 0.048 M. We find that as-synthesized PAA microgels are enriched in Na relative to the surrounding buffer as anticipated from established ideas of counterion shielding of electrostatic charge. The shell in L5-complexed microgels is depleted in Na and enriched in peptide and contains relatively little water. Our measurements furthermore show that shell/core interface is diffuse over a length scale of a few micrometers. Within the limits of detection, the core Na concentration is the same as that in as-synthesized microgels, and the core is free of peptide. The core has a slightly lower water concentration than as-synthesized controls, consistent with the hypothesis that the core is under compression from the shell.
Reduction of Charge Build-Up during Reactive Ion Etching by Using Silicon-On-Insulator Structures (1997)

The charge build-up of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures during reactive ion etching has been investigated. The charge build-up was evaluated by using metal/nitride/oxide/silicon (MNOS) capacitors fabricated on SOI. It has been found that the charge build-up can be drastically reduced by using SOI, while the reduction in etching rate is only 3% less than that attained using bulk Si wafers at a relatively high RF power condition. The amount of charge build-up has been found to decrease the thickness of the buried oxide layer increases. A model to explain these phenomena is discussed.
&lt;title&gt;System for the comprehensive analysis of multiple sclerosis lesion load based on MR imagery&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

The system is based on the premise that, in the two related tasks required for object definition, namely object recognition and delineation, human operators usually outperform computer algorithms in recognition and it is vice versa for delineation. In our system, some global recognition help is therefore taken from operators, while delineation is done automatically using fuzzy topological algorithms. The lesion quantification methods for the various protocols differ somewhat but follow this general framework. All objects are extracted as 3D fuzzy connected objects. For combining inter- and intra-protocol longitudinal information, fuzzy object registration algorithms are developed and incorporated into the system. A variety of validation studies have been conducted for all protocols to test inter- and intra-operator variations, repeat scan variations, and accuracy in terms of false positive and false negative volume fractions. They all indicate a value of less than 1.5 percent for these factors. THe operator time taken per 3D study varies between 1-20 minutes.
Functionalization of Unactivated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H Bonds Using Metal‐Carbene Insertion Reactions (2016)

Versatile C-H insertions: Novel protocols for metal-carbene insertions using diazo compounds have been recently developed. Application of the respective rhodium and palladium catalytic systems allows formation of new carbon-carbon bonds in very good yields and selectivities.
A False Alarm-Free Zero-Power Micromechanical Photoswitch (2018)

Zero-power infrared (IR) sensors based on Plasmonically-enhanced Micromechanical Photoswitches (PMPs) have recently been demonstrated, showing the capability to detect IR signatures with near-zero standby power consumption. However, current prototypes fail to discriminate between a targeted IR source (e.g. a flame) and a spurious one (e.g. an exhaust plume) having overlapping IR emission wavelengths, potentially getting triggered ON in the presence of strong interference and creating false alarms. This paper reports on the first experimental demonstration of a PMP augmented with an integrated passive false-alarm prevention mechanism to effectively desensitize it to spurious IR sources while maintaining a small footprint and near-zero standby power consumption. By incorporating two different narrowband plasmonic absorbers on a PMP - one tuned to the targeted IR wavelength and the other to a spurious wavelength - we show that the electrical contacts close in response to IR radiation at the targeted wavelength and remain open in the presence of spurious wavelengths, thereby preventing false alarms. Such an enhanced PMP prototype targeting flame detection with a threshold ~600 nW (minimum detectable IR power) is demonstrated showing zero false alarm to interfering IR sources. The increased reliability enabled by this technique makes PMP technology an ideal candidate for the implementation of large-scale maintenance-free wireless sensor networks with unlimited battery lifetimes.
Recognizing emotion in speech (1996)

This paper explores several statistical pattern recognition techniques to classify utterances according to their emotional content.We have recorded a corpus containing emotional speech with over a 1000 utterances from different speakers.We present a new method of extracting prosodic features from speech, based on a smoothing spline approximation of the pitch contour.To make maximal use of the limited amount of training data available, we introduce a novel pattern recognition technique: majority voting of subspace specialists.Using this technique, we obtain classification performance that is close to human performance on the task.
Contact electrification using force microscopy (1989)

One of the oldest unresolved problems in physics is the mechanism of charge exchange between contacting surfaces when at least one of them is insulating. We describe a new technique, using force microscopy, for studying this problem with greater lateral resolution than has been previously possible. The force microscope is shown to have 0.2 \ensuremath{\mu}m lateral resolution and the sensitivity to detect 3 electronic charges. In contact-charging experiments between the microscope tip and polymethyl methacrylate, the charged region was much larger than the expected contact area and bipolar charge exchange was observed.
Carrier injection refractive index changes in low-temperature grown silicon waveguide (2014)

We demonstrated a carrier-injection refractive index change (Δn) in low-temperature (<;350°C) grown pin μc-Si:H/a-Si:H/μc-Si:H heterostructure waveguide fabricated with a CMOS backend compatible process. A Δn of -4.9×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> was observed at an applied voltage of 20V.
Core–Shell Nanoplasmonic Sensing for Characterization of Biocorona Formation and Nanoparticle Surface Interactions (2016)

Surface properties of nanoparticles imposed by particle size, shape, and surface chemistry are key features that largely determine their environmental fate and effects on biological systems. Consequently, development of analytical tools to characterize surface properties of nanomaterials and their relation to toxicological properties must occur in parallel with applications. As a contribution to this quest, we present a nanoplasmonic sensing strategy that enables systematic in situ characterization of molecule–nanoparticle interactions under well-controlled conditions, in terms of both nanoparticle size and surface chemistry, with particular focus on the importance of surface faceting in crystalline nanoparticles. We assess the performance of our sensing strategy by presenting two case studies. (i) The first is protein corona formation on faceted Au core–SiO2 shell nanoparticles of different sizes, and thus different surface facet-to-edge ratios. Based on 2D and 3D models of the investigated structures, we find that for small particles the curved regions between adjacent facets dominate the response of the corona formation process, whereas the facets dominate the response in the large particle regime. (ii) The second is in situ functionalization of Au core–SiO2 shell nanoparticle surfaces, and analysis of the subsequent protein repellent behavior. Due to the versatility of the presented sensing strategy in studies of nanoparticle surface properties, including in situ surface modifications, and their interactions with (bio)molecules during corona formation, we foresee it to become a valuable tool in the areas of nanomedicine and nanotoxicology.
Anomalous Transport and Possible Phase Transition in Palladium Nanojunctions (2010)

Many phenomena in condensed matter are thought to result from competition between different ordered phases. Palladium is a paramagnetic metal close to both ferromagnetism and superconductivity and is, therefore, a potentially interesting material to consider. Nanoscale structuring of matter can modify relevant physical energy scales, leading to effects such as locally modified magnetic interactions. We present transport measurements in electromigrated palladium break junction devices showing the emergence at low temperatures of anomalous sharp features in the differential conductance. These features appear symmetrically in applied bias and exhibit a temperature dependence of their characteristic voltages reminiscent of a mean-field phase transition. The systematic variation of these voltages with zero bias conductance, together with density functional theory calculations illustrating the relationship between the magnetization of Pd and atomic coordination, suggests that the features may result from the onset of spontaneous magnetization in the nanojunction electrodes. We propose that the characteristic conductance features are related to inelastic tunneling involving magnetic excitations.
Use of Maintenance Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), with or without Intradermal BCG, in Patients with Recurrent Superficial Bladder Cancer (1993)

To study maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy we treated 49 patients with recurrent superficial bladder cancer pTa and/or carcinoma in situ, failing previous intravesical chemotherapy. They received 20 intravesical instillations in 1 year, with or without 6 intradermal inoculations. Side effects were frequent, causing treatment stop in 14 patients (29%). Drug-induced cystitis was the most frequent side effect, seen in 29 patients (59%). Forty-two patients were evaluable for response. During the first 2 years of the study 14 patients (33%) had one (n = 8) or more (n = 6) recurrences. A total of 18 patients (43%) remained recurrence free with a median follow-up of 47 months. Progression was seen in 2 patients from pTa to pT1, another patient died of metastatic bladder cancer after 47 months. PPD skin test conversion was of no prognostic value. The use of intradermal inoculations caused no significant increase of toxicity and had no effect on efficacy, however, both groups were small. It caused no local side effects. We conclude that maintenance BCG therapy can be useful for patients with recurrent superficial bladder cancer failing previous intravesical chemotherapy.
Increased synovial galectin-3 induce inflammatory fibroblast activation and osteoclastogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2022)

Our findings underscore the role of Gal-3 regarding disease activity and tissue destruction in RA. An initial decrease in plasma Gal-3 levels predicted decreased long-term disease activity. Correspondingly, a Gal-3 inhibitor decreased the activity of inflammatory FLSs and osteoclastogenesis in patients with RA.
CGMIM: Automated text-mining of Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) to identify genetically-associated cancers and candidate genes (2005)

CGMIM identifies genetically-related cancers and cancer-related genes. In several ways, cancers with shared genetic etiology are anticipated to lead to further etiologic hypotheses and advances regarding environmental agents. CGMIM results are posted monthly and the source code can be obtained free of charge from the BC Cancer Research Centre website http://www.bccrc.ca/ccr/CGMIM
Refractive Two-View Reconstruction for Underwater 3D Vision (2019)

Recovering 3D geometry from cameras in underwater applications involves the Refractive Structure-from-Motion problem where the non-linear distortion of light induced by a change of medium density invalidates the single viewpoint assumption. The pinhole-plus-distortion camera projection model suffers from a systematic geometric bias since refractive distortion depends on object distance. This leads to inaccurate camera pose and 3D shape estimation. To account for refraction, it is possible to use the axial camera model or to explicitly consider one or multiple parallel refractive interfaces whose orientations and positions with respect to the camera can be calibrated. Although it has been demonstrated that the refractive camera model is well-suited for underwater imaging, Refractive Structure-from-Motion remains particularly difficult to use in practice when considering the seldom studied case of a camera with a flat refractive interface. Our method applies to the case of underwater imaging systems whose entrance lens is in direct contact with the external medium. By adopting the refractive camera model, we provide a succinct derivation and expression for the refractive fundamental matrix and use this as the basis for a novel two-view reconstruction method for underwater imaging. For validation we use synthetic data to show the numerical properties of our method and we provide results on real data to demonstrate its practical application within laboratory settings and for medical applications in fluid-immersed endoscopy. We demonstrate our approach outperforms classic two-view Structure-from-Motion method relying on the pinhole-plus-distortion camera model.