gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Ultrafine Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns (2006)

The large diameter of single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) allows various molecules to be easily incorporated in hollow nanospaces. In this report, we prove that the nanospaces of SWNHs even work as the chemical reaction field at high temperature; that is, Gd-acetate clusters inside SWNHs were transformed into ultrafine Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles with their particle size retained even after heat-treatment at 700 degrees C. This indicates that the confinement of the Gd-acetate clusters in a deep potential well of the SWNH nanospaces prevented a migration to form larger particles, giving rise to ultrafine Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles of 2.3 nm in average diameter, which is much smaller than the case without SWNHs. The Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles thus obtained were demonstrated to be actually useful to the magnetic resonance imaging. We believe that the presented effectiveness of the inner hollow spaces of SWNHs, therefore, also those of the carbon nanotubes, for high-temperature chemical reactions should be highlighted, and that the thus produced novel nanomaterials are promising to expand the fields of nanoscience.
Correlation Between Cervical Cytologic Results and Gram Stain as Diagnostic Tests for Bacterial Vaginosis (1998)

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to determine the reliability of the Papanicolaou smear in making the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis with the vaginal Gram stain used as the diagnostic standard. Study design: We conducted a prospective, blinded, cross-sectional study of 210 consecutive patients referred to the Colposcopy Clinic for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytologic results. Each patient had a standard Papanicolaou smear and Gram stain of vaginal discharge. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Papanicolaou smear were determined with the Gram stain used as the standard for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Results: Of the 210 patients, 80 (38.1%) had Gram stains that were positive for bacterial vaginosis and 118 (56.2%) had negative Gram stains. Twelve (5.7%) had intermediate Gram stains that were also considered negative. Of the 80 patients with positive Gram stains, 44 had cervical smears consistent with bacterial vaginosis and 36 had negative smears. Of the 130 patients with negative Gram stains, two had a positive cervical smear. Therefore, compared to the Gram stain, cervical cytologic test results had a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 98%. The respective positive predictive and negative predictive values were 96% and 78%. Conclusion: Compared to Gram stain of vaginal secretions, the cervical Papanicolaou smear has fair sensitivity (55%) and excellent positive predictive value (96%) in diagnosing bacterial vaginosis.
Effects of the Th1 and Th2 stimulatory cytokines interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 on human immunodeficiency virus replication (1995)

The cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-4 play important roles in the development of Th1-like (type-1) and Th2-like (type-2) T-cell responses, respectively, and there is evidence that type-1/type-2 T helper imbalances are important in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. With this background, we examined the effects of these cytokines on HIV replication. Neither stimulated HIV replication in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). However, in prestimulated PBMC, IL-12, and to a greater extent, IL-4 as well as IL-2, induced production of HIV p24 antigen over 7 days of culture (no cytokine 3,900 x/divided by 1.31 [GM x/divided by SEM] pg/mL; IL-12, 34,300 x/divided by 1.39 pg/mL; IL-4, 283,000 x/divided by 1.14 pg/mL; and IL-2, 328,000 x/divided by 1.31 pg/mL). Neither IL-12- nor IL-4-induced HIV replication was attributable to induction of IL-1, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, or TNF-beta. Both IL-12- and IL-4-induced HIV replication was associated with selective loss of the CD4+ subset in stimulated cultures. IL-4 stimulated HIV replication in monocyte/macrophages, while IL-12 had little or no effect in these cells. Finally, HIV replication stimulated by IL-12 or IL-4 was inhibited by dideoxynucleosides. Thus, IL-12 and IL-4 enhance HIV replication and HIV-induced cell death in prestimulated PBMC. Through killing of the CD4+ T cells stimulated by these cytokines, this may result in inappropriate type-1/type-2 responses in HIV-infected patients and contribute to their Th1 immunodeficiency.
Cloud Distributed Processing Using Trade Wind (2013)

This paper presents the distributed processing feature for Trade Wind, a cloud deployment and management solution. The main objective of this research is to evaluate performance and feasibility of this feature for big data applications. A prototype has been created and tested in the calculation of monthly average temperature and humidity based on data from a public data set. Preliminary results show great improvement in terms of time reduction, speedup, and efficiency.
Analysis and forecasting of global real time RT-PCR primers and probes for SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Rapid tests for active SARS-CoV-2 infections rely on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR uses reverse transcription of RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA (primer and probe) targets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The technology makes rapid and specific identification of the virus possible based on sequence homology of nucleic acid sequence and is much faster than tissue culture or animal cell models. However the technique can lose sensitivity over time as the virus evolves and the target sequences diverge from the selective primer sequences. Different primer sequences have been adopted in different geographic regions. As we rely on these existing RT-PCR primers to track and manage the spread of the Coronavirus, it is imperative to understand how SARS-CoV-2 mutations, over time and geographically, diverge from existing primers used today. In this study, we analyze the performance of the SARS-CoV-2 primers in use today by measuring the number of mismatches between primer sequence and genome targets over time and spatially. We find that there is a growing number of mismatches, an increase by 2% per month, as well as a high specificity of virus based on geographic location.
Surface Shape Measurement of Honeycomb Sandwich Panel using Grating Projection Method (2014)

To establish a precise surface shape measurement technique, we improve our three dimensional measurement system using grating projection method. Improved points are 1) using a higher resolution camera, 2) setting supporting jigs with higher stiffness and higher accuracy, and 3) adjusting measurement parameters. Results of measurement experiments confirm effectiveness of our improvements. On the other hand, measurement results using optical method, such as grating projection method, are affected by optical characteristics of measured objects in general. Then, we apply the method to a surface shape measurement of a honeycomb sandwich panel which is widely used in space engineering. In this paper, to verify our measurement method we compare the measurement result with that using laser measurement equipment, and a good agreement is confirmed.
Vitamin D supplementation for obese adults undergoing bariatric surgery (2015)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the effects of different doses of vitamin D supplementation (low dose ≤ 600 IU daily, moderate dose between 600 and 3500 IU daily, high dose ≥ 3500 IU daily, compared to each other or to placebo) in obese adults undergoing bariatric surgery.
High-efficiency Low-voltage Electroporation Using Field Constriction at Micro Orifice (2006)

We developed a novel electroporation method based on field constriction, where a biological cell is immobilized on a micro-orifice opened on an electrically insulating plate, across which a pulse voltage is applied. Due to field constriction, most voltage drop occurs around the orifice, so that the voltage applied to the electrodes is impressed directly to the cell membrane on the orifice. The reversible membrane breakdown, i.e. poration, occurs exclusively at the orifice, at a voltage as low as 1-2 V. However, when the breakdown takes place, electrical current starts to flow through the opened pore, and induces breakdown at other location of cell membrane that could lead to cell destruction. In order to avoid such breakdown propagation, we developed the method of using RF-modulated pulse voltage instead of the conventional step pulse voltage. With the method, electroporation yield of 90% is achieved for the cells on a 10 times 10 orifice array
Deformation mechanisms of ultra-thin Al layers in Al/SiC nanolaminates as a function of thickness and temperature (2016)

The mechanical properties of Al/SiC nanolaminates with layer thicknesses between 10 and 100 nm were studied by nanoindentation in the temperature range 25 to 100 °C. The strength of the Al layers as a function of the layer thickness and temperature was obtained from the hardness of the nanolaminates by an inverse methodology based on the numerical simulation of the nanoindentation tests by means of the finite element method. The room temperature yield stress of the Al layers showed a large ‘the thinner, the stronger’ effect, which depended not only on the layer thickness but also on the microstructure, which changed with the Al layer thickness. The yield stress of the Al layers at ambient temperature was compatible with a deformation mechanism controlled by the interaction of dislocations with grain boundaries for the thicker layers (>50 nm), while confined layer slip appeared to be dominant for layers below 50 nm. There was a dramatic reduction in the Al yield stress with temperature, which increased as the Al layer thickness decreased, and led to an inverse size effect at 100 °C. This behavior was compatible with plastic deformation mechanisms controlled by grain boundary and interface diffusion at 100 °C, which limit the strength of the ultra-thin Al layers.
Focal plane array folding for efficient information extraction and tracking (2012)

We develop a novel compressive sensing based approach for detecting point sources in images and tracking of moving point sources across temporal images. One application is the muzzle flash detection and tracking problem. We pursue the concept of lower-dimension signal representation from structured sparse matrices, which is in contrast to the use of random sparse matrices described in common compressive sensing algorithms. The primary motivation is that an approach using structured sparse matrices can lead to efficient hardware implementations and a scheme that we term folding in the focal plane array. This method “bins” pixels modulo a pair of specified numbers across the pixel plane in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Under this paradigm, a significant reduction in the amount of pixel samples is required, which enable high speed target acquisition and tracking while reducing the number of A/D's. Folding is used to acquire a pair of significantly smaller images, in which two different folded images provide the necessary redundancy to uniquely extract location information. We detect the centroid of point sources in each of the two folded images and use the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) to determine the location of the point sources in the original image. In our work, we successfully demonstrated the correctness of this algorithm through simulation and showed the algorithm is capable of detecting and tracking multiple muzzle flashes in multiple temporal frames. We present both initial results and improvements to the algorithm's robustness, based on robust Chinese remainder theorem (rCRT) in the presence of noise.
Developing a rapid and highly efficient cowpea regeneration and transformation system using embryonic axis explants (2019)

Summary Cowpea is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Despite decades of effort, genetic engineering of cowpea is still challenging due to inefficient in vitro shoot regeneration, Agrobacterium -mediated T-DNA delivery and transgenic selection. Here, we report a rapid and highly efficient cowpea transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem by cutting through the middle of the epicotyl stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. Furthermore, the application of a ternary transformation vector system using an optimized pVIR accessory plasmid provided high levels of Agrobacterium -mediated gene delivery. The utilization of spectinomycin as the selection agent enabled more efficient transgenic selection and plant recovery. Transgenic cowpea shoots developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at high frequencies of 4.5 to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. We believe that the transformation principles established in this study could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.
Scene Estimation From a Swiped Image (2019)

The image blurring that results from moving a camera with the shutter open is normally regarded as undesirable. However, the blurring of the images encapsulates information that can be extracted to recover the light rays present within the scene. Given the correct recovery of the light rays that resulted in a blurred image, it is possible to reconstruct images of the scene from different camera locations. Therefore, rather than resharpening an image with motion blur, the goal of this paper is to recover the information needed to resynthesize images of the scene from different viewpoints. Estimation of the light rays within a scene is achieved by using a layer-based model to represent objects in the scene as layers, and by using an extended level set method to segment the blurred image into planes at different depths. The algorithm described in this paper has been evaluated on real and synthetic images to produce an estimate of the underlying epipolar plane image.
UV‐curable, oxetane‐toughened epoxy‐siloxane coatings for marine fouling‐release coating applications (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: UV‐curable coatings are promising candidates for environmentally friendly marine fouling‐release coatings. Cationic UV‐curable epoxy‐siloxane release coatings show good release performance but suffer from poor coating mechanical properties. A difunctional oxetane monomer, DOX, was co‐photopolymerized with an epoxy‐siloxane oligomer at loading levels from 10 to 40 wt% to obtain toughened fouling‐release coatings. RESULTS: The DOX‐toughened coatings showed enhanced cationic photopolymerization activity, solvent resistance and modulus. DOX‐toughened coatings (10 and 20 wt%) exhibited higher impact resistance. The DOX‐toughened coatings showed no leachate toxicity and the coatings were hydrophobic and non‐toxic to biofilm growth when analyzed with marine bacteria and algae. In general, 10 and 20 wt% DOX‐toughened coatings exhibited better marine bacteria and algae fouling‐release performance among the DOX‐toughened coatings. Pseudo‐barnacle shear release stress for the DOX‐toughened coatings increased with increasing DOX content. Live barnacle reattachment assay showed that 10 and 20 wt% DOX‐toughened coatings had comparable barnacle removal stress to commercial silicone reference coatings. CONCLUSIONS: DOX‐toughened (10 and 20 wt%) UV‐curable epoxy‐siloxane coatings exhibited enhanced mechanical properties and better overall marine fouling‐release performance among the toughened UV‐curable release coatings studied. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Differential effect of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1) on leukocyte infiltration during contact hypersensitivity responses (2017)

BACKGROUND: 2’-4’ Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced contact hypersensitivity is an established model of contact sensitivity and leukocyte migration. Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1) deficient mice were used to examine the role of PECAM-1 in the migration capacity of several different leukocyte populations after primary and secondary application. RESULTS: γδ T lymphocytes, granulocytes, and Natural Killer cells were most affected by PECAM-1 deficiency at the primary site of application. γδ T lymphocytes, granulocytes, DX5+ Natural Killer cells, and, interestingly, effector CD4+ T lymphocytes were most affected by the loss of PECAM-1 at the secondary site of application. CONCLUSIONS: PECAM-1 is used by many leukocyte populations for migration, but there are clearly differential effects on the usage by each subset. Further, the overall kinetics of each population varied between primary and secondary application, with large relative increases in γδ T lymphocytes during the secondary response.
Digitalizing gate control of high efficiency, high frequency and high power chopper circuit SAZZ using FPGA (2007)

In the past, we have proposed a high frequency, high efficiency and high power chopper based on new soft switching topology SAZZ (Snubber Assisted Zero Voltage and Zero Current Transition chopper) for FCEV application. We studied the effectiveness of the SAZZ method by simulation and by experiment. This time we concentrated on digital control of SAZZ converter by FPGA. We report on the status quo of the digitalization of SAZZ gate control.
S1949 The Utilization of Bethanechol in Myotonic Dystrophy Patients With Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Esophageal Dysmotility (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Myotonic Dystrophies (MD) are a complex group of progressive myopathic disorders with multiple gastrointestinal symptoms due to global muscle weakness, including upper esophageal motor dysfunction. Patients with MD often have difficulty initiating swallows leading to oropharyngeal dysphagia and are at risk of nasopharyngeal regurgitation, pulmonary aspiration, pneumonia and malnutrition1,2. Oropharyngeal dysphagia has been recognized as a medical disability with increased patient morbidity, health care utilization and mortality3. Bethanechol is a cholinesterase inhibitor, muscarinic agonist used to treat patients with ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) disorder by increasing peristaltic amplitude in the smooth muscle of the esophagus3. Bethanechol has been shown to significantly improve esophageal bolus transit propulsion in patients with severe IEM4. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: Three male patients with MD, mean age 42, age range 29-54, presented with symptoms of progressive dysphagia, globus sensation, coughing and choking with decreased oral intake as a result. All patients had testing including a barium swallow, EGD and High Resolution Esophageal Manometry (HREM) (See Figure 1). A hypotensive upper esophageal sphincter (UES) was present in 2/3 MD patients (mean pressure 14 mmHg. In the esophageal body, an IEM pattern was present in 1/3 patients with absent contractility in 2/3 MD patients. Impaired bolus clearance was present in all MD patients. All three MD patients were treated with Bethanechol, 25 mg t.i.d, crushed for 3 months. At their follow-up clinic visits, each patient was asked about their symptoms of dysphagia, coughing, globus sensation and choking. All three MD patients had resolution of each of these symptoms. None of the patients had aspiration subsequent to treatment with bethanechol and their weight remained stable. DISCUSSION: Diagnosing esophageal dysmotility disorders in MD prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition. UES and esophageal body muscle weakness is the predominant dysmotility seen in MD patients on HREM leading to oropharyngeal dysphagia5. The ineffective peristalsis that results in prolonged bolus transit time and abnormal esophageal clearance in MD patients can improve with pro-cholinergic drugs such as bethanechol4.Our small case series found improvement in the oropharyngeal dysphagia, regurgitation and choking symptoms with use of bethanechol.Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3
Plasma Actuators for Landing Gear Noise Reduction (2005)

A primary component of airframe noise on both takeoff and landing approach is due to the landing gear. The inherent bluff body characteristics of the landing gear give rise to large-scale flow separation that results in noise production through unsteady wake flow and large-scale vortex instability and deformation. In this paper the use of single dielectric barrier discharge actuator technology for landing gear noise control is explored. Proof-of-concept experiments that use actuators to create an effective plasma fairing which minimizes flow separation over the gear are presented. Nomenclature D = cylinder diameter D Re = Reynolds number based on cylinder diameter D St = Strouhal number based on cylinder diameter ∞ U = free stream velocity * b f = body force (per unit volume) vector φ = electric potential D λ = Debye length 0 e = electrical permittivity of free space
Applications of transcriptional profiling in antibiotics discovery and development (2007)

This chapter will review specific applications of microarray technology and related data analysis strategies in antibacterial research and development. We present examples of microarray applications spanning the entire antibiotics research and development pipeline, from target discovery, assay development, pharmacological evaluation, to compound safety studies. This review emphasizes the utility of microarrays for a systematic evaluation of novel chemistry as antibiotic agents. Transcriptional profiling has revolutionized the process of target elucidation and has the potential to offer substantial guidance in the identification of new targets. Microarrays will continue to be a workhorse of anti-infectives discovery programs ranging from efficacy assessments of antibiotics ('forward pharmacology') to drug safety evaluations ('toxicogenomics').
A resonant cavity violet vertical cavity light emitting diode incorporating AlGaN DBR mirrors (2001)

Summary form only given. Advances in nitride-based blue and violet LEDs and lasers now suggest possibilities for more advanced geometries such as those based on vertical cavity structures. In our work, we have approached the design and fabrication of high-Q planar resonators by two methods. First, we have employed a lift-off method to separate the InGaN MQW heterostructure from its sapphire substrate so as to encase it within a high-Q cavity equipped by two dielectric DBRs. In this instance, first demonstrations of resonant cavity blue LEDs have been made. Secondly, we have revisited the very difficult problem of morphological quality of the in-situ grown AlGaN DBRs. Due to a small index contrast, these DBRs are generally plagued by defects such as cracks which form 'lateral cavities' and can lead to erroneous interpretation eg. of stimulated emission phenomena. In particular, by employing special strain engineering techniques, the nitride DBRs have recently improved to the point where such mirrors have been paired with dielectric DBRs for InGaN QW optical structures to achieve room temperature continuous-wave optically pumped near ultraviolet (380 nm). Here we show how an effective RCLED can be fabricated by incorporating an in-situ grown AlGaN/GaN DBR atop which the active InGaN MQW medium is grown, topped by a dielectric DBR.
Preioperative bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI23) improves the decrease in total hepatic flow after partial hepatectomy (1998)

Boermeester, M. A1; Houdijk, A. P.J.2; Meyer, S.2; van Leeuwen, P. A.M.2 Author Information