gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and System-Level Performance Evaluation of Sub-Band Full Duplexing for 5G-Advanced (2023)

This article presents sub-band full duplex (SBFD) as a duplexing scheme to improve the uplink (UL) throughput in 5G–Advanced networks, as an alternative to traditional time-division duplexing (TDD). SBFD provides opportunities to transmit and receive simultaneously on non-overlapping frequency resources. To accomplish this, SBFD time slots include both UL and downlink (DL) transmission. This leads to UL transmission being more expanded in the time domain rather than the frequency domain, which allows to increase in the amount of UL transmission opportunity, as compared to TDD where the majority of time slots are used for DL. Concurrent UL and DL transmission create different types of interference, which makes cancellation approaches essential for appropriate performance. The SBFD interference types, including self-interference as the main challenge of SBFD deployment, are outlined and corresponding analytical models are proposed to provide a realistic evaluation of SBFD performance. System-level simulations with different load conditions in a high-power urban macro environment are used to evaluate the SBFD performance in comparison with TDD as the baseline. The results indicate a four times increase in the UL throughput for cell-edge users as well as 32% and 6% increase in average UL throughput, at low and medium loads, respectively. Furthermore, simulation results determine that at least 149 dB of self-interference mitigation is required for acceptable performance in SBFD. Results also show that SBFD benefits are limited by inter-site gNB-to-gNB interference.
Sequential dynamics of inflammatory cytokine, angiogenesis inducing factor and matrix degrading enzymes during spontaneous resorption of the Herniated disc (2004)

Intervertebral disc herniation (HD) is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions. MRI analysis of HD has revealed a spontaneous resorption mechanism related with neo-vascularization. It appears that the interaction of activated macrophages with disc tissues leads to the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is required for the induction of angiogenesis inducing factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or matrix degrading enzymes such as MMP-3, MMP-7 and plasmin. We hypothesized that these molecules play a crucial role during spontaneous HD resorption. In this study, we have examined the sequential expression of these molecules using a co-culture system which is composed of the interaction of activated macrophages and disc tissues as a model of the acute response of inflammation occurred in HD. We have also considered the mechanism of activating latent MMPs during HD resorption process. Current our results indicate that upregulation of both TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expressions occur first in the inflammation induced by HD. VEGF upregulation follows the increased level of TNF-alpha expression. Both plasmin and MMP-3 are upregulated at later time points. We also demonstrate that both TNF-alpha and VEGF induce upregulated expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). Our previous work has demonstrated that TNF-alpha could upregulate the expression of VEGF, MMP-3 and MMP-7 in the co-culture system. It has been reported that plasmin could affect to activate latent MMPs. Based on these findings, we suggest that TNF-alpha acts as the initiator of inflammation following contact between macrophages and disc chondrocytes and that plasmin and u-PA play a crucial role in activation of MMPs. We propose a spontaneous HD resorption cascade. Further understanding of the resorption process may provide future novel therapies for HD.
The Fukuyama Synthesis of Gelsemoxonine (2015)

The compact and highly functionalized Gelsemium alkaloids, exemplified by gelsemine (OHL20060403) and gelsemoxonine 3, offer a substantial challenge. The cytotoxicity of closely related alkaloids adds to the interest in this class. Tohru Fukuyama of the University of Tokyo envisioned (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 17634) that cyclopropane-accelerated Cope rearrangement of 1 could deliver 2, ready for further functionalization to 3. The starting material for the synthesis was the enantiomerically pure acetate 4, for which a practical synthetic route was developed. Conjugate addition of 5 then proceeded away from the acetoxy group to give, after intramolecular alkylation, the cyclopropane 6. Selective protection of the derived triol 7 led to a monopivalate that was oxidized to the keto aldehyde 8. Condensation with the oxindole 9 followed by silylation then completed the assembly of 1. The trisubstituted alkene of 1 was established as a single geometric isomer. It followed that in the product 2, the oxindole and the bridging ether had the appropriate relative stereochemical arrangement. The product silyl enol ether was deprotected with fluoride to liberate the ketone 2. With 2 in hand, the next challenge was the kinetic installation of the less stable secondary aminated stereogenic center. To this end, the aldehyde 10 was exposed to TMS-CN and DBU. Under the reaction conditions, the alkene of the intermediate β,γ-unsaturated silylated cyanohydrin was brought into conjugation. Kinetic quench with allyl alcohol gave 11 with a 4:1 preference for the desired endo diastereomer 11. Inversion of the carboxyl then led to the protected amine 12. The ketone 12 was formylated under modified Vilsmeier-Haack conditions, first with Bredereck’s reagent 13 and then with oxalyl chloride, leading to the chloro aldehyde 14. The chlorine was removed by selective Pd-catalyzed reduction, and the product aldehyde was exposed to ethyl magnesium bromide followed by IBX to give the ethyl ketone 15. Epoxidation of the α,β-unsaturated ketone proceeded across the expected exo face leading to 16. The deprotected amine then opened the epoxide to establish the aminated quaternary center and complete the synthesis of gelsemoxonine 3.
Standard Versus Limited Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Prostate Cancer in Patients With a Predicted Probability of Nodal Metastasis Greater Than 1% (2007)

Standard lymph node dissection yields positive nodes more frequently and retrieves a higher total nodal count than the often performed pelvic lymph node dissection limited to the external iliac nodes. Standard pelvic lymph node dissection is feasible through a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach.
Drugging the “Undruggable” MYCN Oncogenic Transcription Factor: Overcoming Previous Obstacles to Impact Childhood Cancers (2021)

Effective treatment of pediatric solid tumors has been hampered by the predominance of currently "undruggable" driver transcription factors. Improving outcomes while decreasing the toxicity of treatment necessitates the development of novel agents that can directly inhibit or degrade these elusive targets. MYCN in pediatric neural-derived tumors, including neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, is a paradigmatic example of this problem. Attempts to directly and specifically target MYCN have failed due to its similarity to MYC, the unstructured nature of MYC family proteins in their monomeric form, the lack of an understanding of MYCN-interacting proteins and ability to test their relevance <i>in vivo</i>, the inability to obtain structural information on MYCN protein complexes, and the challenges of using traditional small molecules to inhibit protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions. However, there is now promise for directly targeting MYCN based on scientific and technological advances on all of these fronts. Here, we discuss prior challenges and the reasons for renewed optimism in directly targeting this "undruggable" transcription factor, which we hope will lead to improved outcomes for patients with pediatric cancer and create a framework for targeting driver oncoproteins regulating gene transcription.
Orthorhombic Na x MnO2 as a Cathode Material for Secondary Sodium and Lithium Polymer Batteries (1994)

The use of orthorhombic as a cathode material for alkali metal polymer electrolyte batteries is described for the first time. This sodium manganese bronze has a tunnel structure and can reversibly intercalate up to 0.55 to 0.6 alkali metal ions (Li+ or Na+) per manganese at moderate current densities, corresponding to capacities of 160 to 180 mAh/g. to date have been cycled over ninety times at 0.1 mA/cm2, with excellent capacity retention. and cells have been cycled over sixty times to date at the same rate, showing moderate capacity fading.
Detailed Model of a Hydromechanical Double Clutch Actuator with a Suitable Control Algorithm (2011)

This paper presents the detailed model of a double clutch actuator with a suitable control algorithm. Firstly, there is an introduction into the theory of a double clutch transmission and the aim of this project. The simulation model with a Dymola R and a MATLAB R /Simulink R part is discussed. The library of a vehicle model with a highly detailed hydromechanical clutch is introduced, which includes models with different levels of detail. The modeling of the hydraulic and the mechanic parts of the clutch actuator is discussed, concentrating on the problem of determining the parameters of the actuator modules e.g., the hydraulic valves. Some parts could not be used from existing Dymola R libraries, in those cases, new models are created based on Modelica code. A translational lever is pictured with its source code. Furthermore the non-linear behavior of the clutch actuator and control design is described. To verify this model and the suitable closed loop controller, the algorithm is tested with an up-shift cycle in a vehicle model with a double clutch transmission. The simulation results are presented with a global view of the driver inputs, the speed, the torque of the vehicle model and the gear status. Additionally the local view of the clutch actuator is shown with the cylinder pressure, the clutch position and the clutch capacity (torque). Finally there is a summary and an outlook on the further development of this library.
Biomimetics of the pulmonary environment <i>in vitro</i>: A microfluidics perspective (2018)

The entire luminal surface of the lungs is populated with a complex yet confluent, uninterrupted airway epithelium in conjunction with an extracellular liquid lining layer that creates the air-liquid interface (ALI), a critical feature of healthy lungs. Motivated by lung disease modelling, cytotoxicity studies, and drug delivery assessments amongst other, <i>in vitro</i> setups have been traditionally conducted using macroscopic cultures of isolated airway cells under submerged conditions or instead using transwell inserts with permeable membranes to model the ALI architecture. Yet, such strategies continue to fall short of delivering a sufficiently realistic physiological <i>in vitro</i> airway environment that cohesively integrates at true-scale three essential pillars: morphological constraints (i.e., airway anatomy), physiological conditions (e.g., respiratory airflows), and biological functionality (e.g., cellular makeup). With the advent of microfluidic <i>lung-on-chips</i>, there have been tremendous efforts towards designing biomimetic airway models of the epithelial barrier, including the ALI, and leveraging such <i>in vitro</i> scaffolds as a gateway for pulmonary disease modelling and drug screening assays. Here, we review <i>in vitro</i> platforms mimicking the pulmonary environment and identify ongoing challenges in reconstituting accurate biological airway barriers that still widely prevent microfluidic systems from delivering mainstream assays for the end-user, as compared to macroscale <i>in vitro</i> cell cultures. We further discuss existing hurdles in scaling up current <i>lung-on-chip</i> designs, from single airway models to more physiologically realistic airway environments that are anticipated to deliver increasingly meaningful whole-organ functions, with an outlook on translational and precision medicine.
Impaired Natural Killer Cells Immune Synapse Formation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 2663 Poster Board II-639 Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune surveillance of tumor cells. Defective NK cell function has been correlated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is well established that NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity is significantly diminished in AML patients; the mechanisms of this hypo-function are not well understood. Identifying mechanisms of tumor-induced immune suppression of lymphocytes function will aid the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies. In the present study we examined the molecular basis for impaired NK cell responses in AML and demonstrate impaired NK cell immunological synapse formation. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize F-actin polymerization at the immune synapse between CD56+ CD3- NK cells and autologous AML blasts. We identified a significant reduction in formation of the NK cell immune synapse (NKIS) (p&lt;0.001) from AML patients compared healthy donors (&gt; 70% reduction). This defect was induced by direct tumor contact since NK cell defects were induced in healthy NK cells when they were co-cultured (in direct contact) for 48 hr with allogeneic AML blasts, but not with healthy allogeneic monocytes (P &lt; 0.01). In control transwell co-culture experiments, where the NK cells and AML blast were not in direct contact, we did not observe the induced defect. We examined the molecular nature of the AML blast induced defect by quantifying recruitment of a number of these NK cell adhesion and cytoskeletal signaling proteins to the immune synapse. Following primary co-culture with AML blasts, healthy NK cells showed significantly reduced recruitment of integrin LFA-1, CD2, Lck, WASP, and tyrosine-phosphorylated protein to the NK-AML target interactions synapse (P &lt; 0.001). These studies demonstrate a role for the tumor induced immune suppression of NK cells and will aid in the development of immunotherapeutic approaches targeting AML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Application of time reversal acoustics focusing for nonlinear imaging ms (2004)

Time reversal acoustic (TRA) focusing of ultrasound appears to be an effective tool for nonlinear imaging in industrial and medical applications because of its ability to efficiently concentrate ultrasonic energy (close to diffraction limit) in heterogeneous media. In this study, we used two TRA systems to focus ultrasonic beams with different frequencies in coinciding focal points, thus causing the generation of ultrasonic waves with combination frequencies. Measurements of the intensity of these combination frequency waves provide information on the nonlinear parameter of medium in the focal region. Synchronized stirring of two TRA focused beams enables obtaining 3-D acoustic nonlinearity images of the object. Each of the TRA systems employed an aluminum resonator with piezotransducers glued to its facet. One of the free facets of each resonator was submerged into a water tank and served as a virtual phased array capable of ultrasound focusing and beam steering. To mimic a medium with spatially varying acoustical nonlinearity a simplest model such as a microbubble column in water was used. Microbubbles were generated by electrolysis of water using a needle electrode. An order of magnitude increase of the sum frequency component was observed when the ultrasound beams were focused in the area with bubbles.
Zur Bestimmung der Digoxinkonzentration mit dem Elecsys Digoxin Immunoassay: Vergleich mit 3 verschiedenen Immunoassay-Verfahren. (1999)

Article Zur Bestimmung der Digoxinkonzentration mit dem Elecsys Digoxin Immunoassay: Vergleich mit 3 verschiedenen Immunoassay-Verfahren. was published on January 1, 1999 in the journal Journal of Laboratory Medicine (volume 23, issue 3).
Similarity (2017)

This chapter presents an overview of methods for measuring the similarity of words and texts, using corpus-based and knowledge-based measures of semantic similarity. It describes several word-to-word measures of similarity, using knowledge resources such as WordNet, or large corpora of raw or encyclopedic texts, and shows how these word-based measures can be combined into a text-to-text similarity metric that can be effectively applied to similarity or paraphrase recognition. The metrics are evaluated and compared using a number of experiments performed on several word and text similarity datasets. The chapter concludes by discussing the main techniques proposed to date, and discussing the emerging trends.
The Fastest Way to the Bottom: Straighthole Drilling Device - Drilling Concept, Design Considerations, and Field Experience (1996)

The Fastest Way to the Bottom: Straighthole Drilling Device - Drilling Concept, Design Considerations, and Field Experience A. Ligrone, SPE, AGIP S.p.A., J. Oppelt, SPE, Baker Hughes INTEQ, A. Calderoni, SPE, AGIP S.p.A., J. Treviranus, Baker Hughes INTEQ Abstract A straight top hole section in many cases is a strict requirement to be able to drill deeper sections with complex well geometries. Especially in an environment where the geological parameters tend to deviate the course, and if the hole stability is a risk, drilling of a straight surface portion of hole is a must. Conventionally, this will be achieved by applying steerable motors and changing between sliding mode for directional changes and rotary mode to drill straight ahead. The Straighthole Drilling Device, SDD, has been developed as a fully automated instrumented downhole motor with integral expandable ribs to steer a permanent vertical well path without any supervision required from the surface operator. This technology had first been verified through long-term continuous application in the KTB ultra deep scientific well bore in Germany, which was drilled solely for scientific purposes. Only through consequent application of the automated vertical steering could the very critical hard rock formation be drilled with minimum deviation and dog leg severity, thereby exceeding the 9,000 meter goal. Today, the basic technology has been converted into a highly durable drilling tool to be applied in commercial oil wells. The first part of this paper will be a description of technical concept, details and performance features of the Straighthole Drilling Device. The second half will emphasize drilling experiences. AGIP has identified some fields in the south of Italy as ideal candidates to prove both the technology and the economic benefits of SDD. The main idea is to drill quickly a straight and vertical top hole section without the need to ream the hole as is required with traditional methods. Field results from southern Italy are reported. Introduction Early need for an automated guiding device for straight vertical boreholes occurred in the mining industry during the late 70's. Up to then the state-of-the-art had been to operate passive devices to maintain the direction of a borehole, such as large-diameter, ultra-heavy drill collars. Such means utilize the earth gravity force and a tight annular gap to guide the direction of the borehole as close as possible to the anticipated course. Since, in many cases, the natural forces of the formation dip could not be overcome in this way, the concept of active steering devices was investigated with special focus on providing a vertical borehole course. Such development activities were all limited to shallow wells of a few hundred meters depth until the management of the "Continental Deep Drilling Program" (KTB) adopted the same concept for their ultra-deep scientific borehole in 1989. P. 115
Acetabular fractures (2013)

Total hip replacement (THR) after acetabular fracture presents unique challenges to the orthopaedic surgeon. The majority of patients can be treated with a standard THR, resulting in a very reasonable outcome. Technical challenges however include infection, residual pelvic deformity, acetabular bone loss with ununited fractures, osteonecrosis of bone fragments, retained metalwork, heterotopic ossification, dealing with the sciatic nerve, and the difficulties of obtaining long-term acetabular component fixation. Indications for an acute THR include young patients with both femoral head and acetabular involvement with severe comminution that cannot be reconstructed, and the elderly, with severe bony comminution. The outcomes of THR for established post-traumatic arthritis include excellent pain relief and functional improvements. The use of modern implants and alternative bearing surfaces should improve outcomes further.
Shape optimization of a snowboard sidecut geometry (2022)

Abstract The distribution of the contact pressure occurring under the edge of a snowboard during a carved turn is a key factor influencing the riding behaviour. These interface loads are determined by the structural design, and in particular by the sidecut geometry of the edge line. In this study, the following inverse problem was set under investigation: if a certain interface pressure distribution is wished, how can the corresponding initial geometry of the snowboard be determined? A structural optimization strategy was presented, involving parametric B-spline representation of the sidecut geometry, finite element modeling of the composite structure deforming against a rigid surface, frictional contact formulation and derivative-free algorithm. A sidecut geometry leading to a contact pressure uniformly distributed along the sidecut line was sought, to illustrate the capabilities of the method. An actual snowboard prototype was made according to the outcome of the optimization, and an experimental validation was conducted to measure the physical pressure distribution and assess the accuracy of the numerical predictions. With the proposed method, the design can be controlled by the state variables of the deformed structure rather than the initial design variables, thus providing an alternative shortcut to the classical trial and error development strategies.
Recent Advances in 2D and 3D TOF SIMS Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Surfaces (2020)

Journal Article Recent Advances in 2D and 3D TOF SIMS Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Surfaces Get access Felix Kollmer, Felix Kollmer IONTOF GmbH, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alexander Pirkl, Alexander Pirkl IONTOF GmbH, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sven Kayser, Sven Kayser IONTOF GmbH, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Henrik Arlinghaus, Henrik Arlinghaus IONTOF GmbH, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rudolf Moellers, Rudolf Moellers IONTOF GmbH, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nathan Havercroft, Nathan Havercroft IONTOF USA, Inc., Chestnut Ridge, New York, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ewald Niehuis Ewald Niehuis IONTOF GmbH, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 26, Issue S2, 1 August 2020, Pages 76–77, https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192762001329X Published: 01 August 2020
Inversion mobility and gate leakage in high-k/metal gate MOSFETs (2005)

For the first time, we show with simulation that the use of a metal gate/high-k stack offers improved mobility over polysilicon/high-k gates stacks while maintaining decreased gate leakage compared to conventional SiO/sub 2/ stacks, thus allowing high-performance transistor scaling to continue.