gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving material separation of high-flux whole-body photon counting computed tomography by K-edge pre-filtration (2017)

Photon-counting detectors in computed tomography (CT) allow for measuring the energy of the incident xray photons within certain energy windows. This information can be used to enhance contrast or reconstruct CT images of different material bases. Compared to energy-integrating CT-detectors, pixel dimensions have to be smaller to limit the negative effect of pulse pile-up at high X-ray fluxes. Unfortunately, reducing the pixel size leads to increased K-escape and charge sharing effects. As a consequence, an incident X-ray may generate more than one detector signal, and with deteriorated energy information. In earlier simulation studies it has been shown that these limitations can be mitigated by optimizing the X-ray spectrum using K-edge pre-filtration. In the current study, we have used a whole-body research CT scanner with a high-flux capable photon-counting detector, in which for the first time a pre-patient hafnium filter was installed. Our measurement results demonstrate substantial improvement of the material decomposition capability at comparable dose levels. The results are in agreement with the predictions provided in simulations.
Binding of soluble natural ligands to a soluble human T-cell receptor fragment produced in Escherichia coli. (1994)

An Escherichia coli expression system has been developed to produce milligram quantities of the variable domains of a human T-cell receptor from a cytotoxic T cell that recognizes the HLA-A2-influenza matrix peptide complex as a single polypeptide chain. The recombinant protein was purified by metal-chelate chromatography and then refolded in a redox buffer system. The refolded protein was shown to directly bind both Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B and the major histocompatibility complex protein-peptide complex using a BIAcore biosensor. Thus this preparation of a single-chain, variable-domain, T-cell receptor fragment can bind both of its natural ligands and some of it is therefore a functional fragment of the receptor molecule.
”Träd som är lärare” – En undersökning om barns uppfattningar och upplevelser av utomhusaktiviteter i matematik (2005)

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka barns uppfattningar och upplevelser vid utomhusaktiviteter i matematik. Jag ville även ta reda på vilken betydelse rörelsen och leken har för barns lärande vid utomhusaktiviteter. För att söka svar på uppsatsens frågeställningar genomfördes en undersökning med barn från skolår 2. De övningar som användes handlade om begreppen dubbelt och hälften respektive geometriska former (cirkel, kvadrat, rektangel och triangel). Eleverna observerades under utomhusaktiviteterna och intervjuades sedan i smågrupper. Inledningsvis, som en grund för att kunna tolka undersökningens resultat, för val av utomhus-aktiviteter samt val av gruppsammansättning, genomfördes en litteraturstudie med fokus på lekens och rörelsens betydelse för lärandet. I litteraturstudien ingick även referenser som behandlar språkets och tecknandets betydelse för kommunikationen i matematik. Resultatet av litteraturstudien påvisar lekens och rörelsens betydelse för barns lärande. En fysisk aktivitet är en källa till glädje och den kan främja koncentrationsförmågan hos barn. Genom att integrera handen, hjärtat och huvudet i lärandeprocessen ökar barnet sin vakenhetsgrad. Resultatet av undersökningen och de genomförda utomhusaktiviteterna i matematik visar att elevernas uppfattningar av övningarna varierade. Några barn relaterade till att det var en viss aktivitet de genomförde, andra påpekade att det var speciella matematiska begrepp de lärde sig. Endast ett av de drygt tjugo barnen uppfattade aktiviteterna enbart som en lek. De flesta barnen upplevde övningarna som roliga och lärorika men tyckte samtidigt att det var kallt utomhus. Valet av aktiviteter samt sammansättningen av grupperna kan här betraktas som avgörande för hur eleverna uppfattar matematiken i uppgifterna.
MTJ-Based Nonvolatile Ternary Logic Gate for Quantized Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

A ternary logic gate based on MTJ-based nonvolatile logic-in-memory (NV-LIM) architecture for ternary neural networks (TNNs) is proposed. The NV-LIM-based implementation achieves reduced computational cost and data transfer cost related to the inference function of deep neural networks. Through an experimental evaluation of a basic component of TNNs, its impact on the energy, delay and area overhead reduction is demonstrated.
Healthcare Intelligence: The Challenge of OLAP for Healthcare Data (2011)

Some data sources easily lend themselves to aggregation within OLAP cubes. In contrast, when attempting to apply OLAP technology to healthcare and pharmaceutical data sources, even the simplest set of data can leave you stymied. This paper demonstrates how to use SAS® Business Intelligence and PROC OLAP to create two challenging cubes: a per member per month cube from insurance claim data and a quality of care cube from patient chart data.
Effects of Processor Parameter Selection on Simulation Results (2004)

Due to cost, time, and flexibility constraints, simulators are needed to explore the design space when developing a new processor architecture as well as when evaluating the performance of new compiler-based and microarchitectural mechanisms. However, improperly choosing the processor parameters, such as the cache size, the associativity, the number of functional units, and so forth, can significantly affect the simulation results, independent of any new mechanism being evaluated. As a first step in developing a methodology to appropriately choose the processor parameters to be used in a simulation, we quantify the effect of a select group of ten key parameters on the total execution time (measured in simulated cycles) using the statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. Our results show that, for the commonly used SimpleScalar simulator, the number of reorder buffer entries, the L1 D-Cache associativity and size, and the memory latency account for approximately 75 % of the total observed variation in the execution time. Conversely, the branch predictor has surprisingly little effect, only about 1%. In addition, we find that interactions between parameters also have little effect on the total execution time. This work clearly demonstrates that poor choices of simulated processor parameter values, or even a single poor choice, can significantly affect the simulation results and thereby lead to erroneous conclusions about the processor or mechanism being simulated. 1
TED-AJ03-231 LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF MASS TRANSFER ACROSS AN AIR-WATER INTERFACE AT HIGH SCHMIDT NUMBERS (2003)

Existing subgrid-scale (SGS) models for large eddy simulation are assessed for a problem of mass transfer across an air-water interface. A special focus is laid upon a case where the Schmidt number in the liquid phase (Sc L ) is high. Dynamic Smagorinsky (DSM), dynamic mixed (DMM), and dynamic two-parameter (DTM) models are tested a priori at Sc L = 1 and 100 through comparisons with filtered direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. For both Sc L cases, the limiting behavior of Smagorinsky coefficient of the concentration field near the interface (see Fig. A1) is qualitatively well calculated by DSM. However, the serious underprediction causes poor estimation of the SGS stress and scalar flux. This is a serious issue in the high Sc L case. On the other hand, the scale-similarity type models, i.e., DMM and DTM, keep good correlation with DNS (see Fig. A2) even at the high Schmidt number. The average SGS terms and SGS dissipation rates predicted by DTM are in better agreement with DNS than DMM. However, even the SGS terms calculated by DTM are not quantitatively accurate in the high Sc L case. It is concluded that, among the three models tested, DTM predicts the SGS contribution most accurately at high Schmidt numbers, although its quantitative predictability should still be improved. Fig. A1 Smagorinsky coefficient of concentration field in the liquid 10 10 10 10 10 10 0.1 2 4 6 8 1 2 4 6 8 10 y + DNS DSM ScL = 100 = 1 ScL Fig. A2 Correlation coefficient of a vertical SGS flux of concentration field in the liquid -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.5 0.0 y + DSM DMM DTM ScL= 1 = 100 ScL
Synthesis of butenynylruthenium complexes from hydrido, alkenyl, or alkynyl complexes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of butenynylruthenium complexes from hydrido, alkenyl, or alkynyl complexesAmelia Santos, Javier Lopez, Lluisa Matas, Josep Ros, Amalia Galan, and Antonio M. EchavarrenCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 10, 4215–4218Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00034a070https://doi.org/10.1021/om00034a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preclinical testing of 5-amino-1-((1R,2S,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclopentyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (2018)

Protein kinase C-iota (PKC-ι) is an oncogene overexpressed in many cancer cells including prostate, breast, ovarian, melanoma, and glioma. Previous in-vitro studies have shown that 5-amino-1-((1R,2S,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclopentyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA-1s), a PKC-ι specific inhibitor, is effective against some cancer cell lines by decreasing cell growth and inducing apoptosis. To assess ICA-1s as a possible therapeutic, in-vivo studies using a murine model were performed. ICA-1s was tested for stability in blood serum and results demonstrated that ICA-1s was stable in human plasma at 25 and 37°C over a course of 2 h. Toxicity of ICA-1s was tested for both acute and subacute exposure. The acute exposure showed patient surviving after 48 h of doses ranging from 5 to 5000 mg/kg. Subacute tests exposed the patients to 14 days of treatment and were followed by serum and tissue collection. Aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, troponin, and C-reactive protein serum levels were measured to assess organ function. ICA-1s in plasma serum was measured over the course of 24 h for both oral and intravenous treatments. Heart, liver, kidney, and brain tissues were analyzed for accumulation of ICA-1s. Finally, athymic nude mice were xenografted with DU-145 prostate cancer cells. After tumors reached ~0.2 cm, they were either treated with ICA-1s or left as control and measured for 30 days or until the tumor reached 2 cm. Results showed tumors in treated mice grew at almost half the rate as untreated tumors, showing a significant reduction in growth. In conclusion, ICA-1s is stable, shows low toxicity, and is a potential therapeutic for prostate carcinoma tumors.
Formation of a Novel Macrocyclic Alkaloid from the Unnatural Farnesyl Diphosphate Analogue Anilinogeranyl Diphosphate by 5-Epi-Aristolochene Synthase (2015)

As part of an effort to identify substrate analogs suitable for helping to resolve structural features important for terpene synthases, the inhibition of 5-epi-aristolochene biosynthesis from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) by the tobacco 5-epi-aristolochene synthase incubated with anilinogeranyl diphosphate (AGPP) was examined. The apparent noncompetitive nature of the inhibition supported further assessment of how AGPP might be bound to crystallographic forms of the enzyme. Surprisingly, the bound form of the inhibitor appeared to have undergone a cyclization event consistent with the native mechanism associated with FPP catalysis. Biocatalytic formation of a novel 13-membered macrocyclic paracyclophane alkaloid was confirmed by high-resolution GC-MS and NMR analysis. This work provides insights into new biosynthetic means for generating novel, functionally diversified, medium-sized terpene alkaloids.
Reliable, server-friendly and bandwidth-efficient file delivery system using FLUTE server file format (2009)

The use of Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes is a classical solution to improve the reliability of multicast and broadcast transmissions in a packet erasure channel. However, FEC encoding on-the-fly increases the load of the server and it may decrease the overall performance of the file delivery system. This paper presents a reliable, server-friendly and bandwidth-efficient file delivery system using the server file format for File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) protocol. The FLUTE server file format enables storage of pre-composed source symbols and pre-calculated FEC symbols into a media container file, so there is no need to source symbol construction and FEC encoding on-the-fly. Additionally, the actual transmission is controlled by file delivery hint tracks containing cookbook instructions that ease the encapsulation of source and FEC symbols into a transmittable packet stream.
International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy of Cancer 2009 Annual Meeting Held in Cork, Ireland (2009)

The International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCGT) of Cancer annual meeting was held from September 2 through September 4, 2009, in Cork, Ireland ( www.iscgt2009.com ). The conference was held in conjunction with the Irish Society for Gene and Cell Therapy third annual meeting, and brought together scientists and clinicians from around the world in a country developing its knowledge economy. Next year's ISCGT meeting will be held in Doha, the capital of Qatar ( www.iscgt.net ), from September 27 through September 29, 2010.
A neural network architecture for faster dynamic scheduling in manufacturing systems (2002)

Computation of optimum schedules for dynamic scheduling of tasks introduces an overhead delay in the processing time of the programs executed in an automated system. This is particularly so if serial scheduling algorithms are used. It is proposed that tasks be dynamically scheduled with the Lawler scheduling algorithm and that, to minimise the additional delay due to the computation of optimum schedules, a neural network be used for retrieving optimal solutions. A neural network architecture that can recognise binary vector representations of scheduling problems and retrieve optimal schedules in negligible time is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Ferrocene‐Based 1,2‐Bis(phosphanes) Possessing Only Planar Chirality. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low loss transitions and microstrip lines on cyclo-olefin co-polymer substrate for terahertz applications (2013)

We present low loss microstrip transmission line with compact transitions from coplanar waveguide for sub-terahertz applications. The microstrip (MS) transmission line is fabricated on the surface of a thin cyclic olefin copolymer dielectric layer. Among different optimization parameters, we present here the influence of CPW-to-MS transition length. Low loss transmission of the MS line has been demonstrated using Vector network analyzer (VNA) and its loss value is approximately -0.9 dB/mm. We also demonstrate that this topology is well suited for terahertz filters obtained by the combination of split rings resonators along the MS line.
Wind Tunnel Tests of the FFA-W3-241, FFA-W3-301 and NACA 63-430 Airfoils (1998)

This report deals with 2D measurements of the FFA-W3-241, FFA-W3-301 and NACA 63-430 airfoils. The aerodynamic properties were measured at Re = 1.6x10{sup 6}. The VELUX open jet wind tunnel with a background turbulence intensity of 1% was used. The airfoil sections had a chord of 0.60 m and a span of 1.9 m and end plates were used to minimize 3D flow effects. The measurements comprised both static and dynamic inflow where dynamic inflow was obtained by pitching the airfoil in a harmonic motion. We tested the influence from vortex generators and leading edge roughness both individually and in combination. The aerodynamic characteristics were measured and the agreement between calculations and measurements was fair for FFA-W3-241 but not good for FFA-W3-301 and NACA 63-430. In general calculations overestimated maximum C{sub L} and sometimes underestimated minimum C{sub D}. Maximum C{sub L} for smooth flow was in good agreement with calculated maximum C{sub L} for leading edge transition flow and this could serve as a worst case calculation. We determined the influence from vortex generators and they should always be applied on thick airfoils to increase maximum C{sub L}. We determined the influence from leading edge roughness, which reduced maximum C{sub L} and increased minimum C{sub D}. Compared with the NACA 63-4xx airfoils, the FFA-W3 airfoils were found better suited for the inboard part of a wind turbine blade both with and without vortex generators. (au) EFP-94; EFP-95; EFP-97. 8 tabs., 195 ills., 13 refs.
Preparation of Cyclohexane-1,3-dione Herbicide Precursors by Birch Reduction of 3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl-Substituted Silane Derivatives (1994)

Birch reduction of the silane derivatives (3a-d), prepared from Grignard cross-coupling reactions, afforded the cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives (5a-d) after acid hydrolysis. Compounds (5a-d) are precursors to silicon-containing herbicides of the general structure (8).
Miscibility, morphology and mechanical properties of rubber-modified biodegradable poly(ester-urethanes) (2000)

Biodegradable, lactic acid based amorphous poly(ester-urethane)s (PEU) were modified with poly(L-lactic acid-co-ϵ-caprolactone-urethane) elastomer (P[LA/CL]U) by melt blending. The phase separation of P(LA/CL)U elastomer with three different ϵ-caprolactone (CL) compositions (CL content 30, 50, and 70 mol %) and the mechanical properties of the resulting impact-modified linear and branched PEU were investigated. The amounts of P(LA/CL)U elastomer in the PEU blends were 10, 15, 20, and 30 wt %. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) of the blends with P(LA50/CL50)U and P(LA30/CL70)U elastomers revealed separate glass transition temperatures for rubber and matrix, indicating phase separation. No phase separation was found for P(LA70/CL30)U elastomer. The effect of mixing rate and temperature during processing on composite properties was tested by blending P(LA30/CL70)U rubber with PEU under various processing conditions. Impact modification studies were also made with two P(LA30/CL70)U elastomers having different amounts of functional groups. The influence of end-functionalization and cross-linking on mechanical properties was investigated in blends containing PEU and 15 wt % of these elastomers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the morphology to change dramatically with increase in the degree of cross-linking in the rubber. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1074–1084, 2000
Optoacoustic imaging system with improved collection efficiency (2011)

We introduce a novel experimental design for non-invasive scanning optoacoustic microscopy that utilizes a parabolic surface for ultrasound focusing. We demonstrate that off-axis parabolic mirrors made of sufficiently high acoustic impedance materials work as ideal reflectors in a wide range of apertures and provide lossless conversion of a spherical acoustic wavefront into a plane wave. We further test the performance of a custom optoacoustic imaging setup which was developed and built based on these principles. The achieved resolution limit of 0.3 mm, with NA of 0.5 and the transducer bandwidth of 5 MHz, matches the resolution limit defined by diffraction. Although further improvements of current experimental setup are required to achieve resolution similar to leading microscopy systems, this proof-of-concept work demonstrates the viability of the proposed design for optoacoustic microscopy applications.
Incorporating Side Information in Probabilistic Matrix Factorization with Gaussian Processes (2014)

Probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) is a powerful method for modeling data associ- ated with pairwise relationships, Finding use in collaborative Filtering, computational bi- ology, and document analysis, among other areas. In many domains, there are additional covariates that can assist in prediction. For example, when modeling movie ratings, we might know when the rating occurred, where the user lives, or what actors appear in the movie. It is difficult, however, to incorporate this side information into the PMF model. We propose a framework for incorporating side information by coupling together multi- ple PMF problems via Gaussian process priors. We replace scalar latent features with func- tions that vary over the covariate space. The GP priors on these functions require them to vary smoothly and share information. We apply this new method to predict the scores of professional basketball games, where side information about the venue and date of the game are relevant for the outcome.
Structure-guided bifunctional molecules hit a DEUBAD-lacking hRpn13 species upregulated in multiple myeloma (2021)

Proteasome substrate receptor hRpn13 is a promising anti-cancer target. By integrated in silico and biophysical screening, we identified a chemical scaffold that binds hRpn13 with non-covalent interactions that mimic the proteasome and a weak electrophile for Michael addition. hRpn13 Pru domain binds proteasomes and ubiquitin whereas its DEUBAD domain binds deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL5. NMR revealed lead compound XL5 to interdigitate into a hydrophobic pocket created by lateral movement of a Pru β-hairpin with an exposed end for Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs). Implementing XL5-PROTACs as chemical probes identified a DEUBAD-lacking hRpn13 species (hRpn13<sup>Pru</sup>) present naturally with cell type-dependent abundance. XL5-PROTACs preferentially target hRpn13<sup>Pru</sup>, causing its ubiquitination. Gene-editing and rescue experiments established hRpn13 requirement for XL5-PROTAC-triggered apoptosis. These data establish hRpn13 as an anti-cancer target for multiple myeloma and introduce an hRpn13-targeting scaffold that can be optimized for preclinical trials against hRpn13<sup>Pru</sup>-producing cancer types.