gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CD4+ T CELL CLONE SELECTED FROM A CML PATIENT AFTER DONOR LYMPHOCYTE INFUSION RECOGNIZES BCR-ABL BREAKPOINT PEPTIDES BUT NOT TUMOR CELLS1 (2001)

These results suggest that clone 1F7 was selected in vitro using highly potent peptide pulsed dendritic cells but was not representative of the anti-leukemia immune response in vivo. Based on these findings, CD4+ T cells with BCR-ABL specificity do not appear to be mediators of the anti-leukemia response in vivo after donor lymphocyte infusion.
Engine performance and emissions from fuels containing nitrogen and sulphur (2022)

Surrogate fuels for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) algae biocrude depicting its nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) content were simulated in this study and tested in a multi-cylinder diesel engine. The influence of N and S presence in the fuel on its combustion behaviour and emissions profile was investigated. To our knowledge, N and S-containing fuels in reference to HTL algae biocrude, have not been reported in an internal combustion engine in the literature, which is the unique and novelty of the current work. The presence of N and S in the fuel affected its physical properties. The density of the surrogate fuel was slightly higher than that of diesel, while viscosity, in general, was maintained. The flash point of the N and S-fuel was reduced in the presence of N. N had a stronger effect than S in reducing the lower heating value (LHV) of the surrogate fuel than that of diesel. Compared to diesel, emissions of both carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) were lower for N and S-containing fuels. Increasing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions were observed with increasing N and S content, respectively, in the fuels. A significant increase in particle mass (PM) emissions was observed at high concentrations of N (4.5 wt%) and S (0.2–0.4 wt%). Such values of S are found in some off-road and marine applications. Therefore, HTL biofuel can be a low-sulphur alternative fuel for shipping industry because its fuel properties similar to that of bunker fuel.
Discrimination of hydrogen fires from reflected background emissions (1995)

The remote detection of hydrogen fires using optical sensors at rocket test and launch facilities. requires that the sensors do not indicate alarm conditions that are false. The reflected and extraneous emissions from facility hydrogen flare stacks, rocket engine exhausts. welding, lightning and various lamps are all potential sources for false alarms. Optical fire detectors offer instantaneous responses and thus, are very attractive for the protection of personnel, expensive test equipment and infrastructures. The majority of optical fire detectors are designed and optimized for hydrocarbon tires. They may alarm for some hydrogen fires but are not able to discriminate real fires from reflected or exuaneous emissions. Little work has been done to eliminate the false alarm problem caused from these emissions. This paper discusses the requirements for &signing a multi-spectral hydrogen fire detector capable of distinguishing beween flames and reflected emissions within the field-of-view of detectors. A Figureof-Merit is developed to evaluate the feasibility of spechal detection of hydrogen fires in the 0.1 to 12pm range. Optimal speed bands are identified along with an indication of the requirements for the sensor type and necessary filters. Experimental results are presented for temporal flicker, specual radiometry and remote surveillance methods performed to distinguish hydrogen flames from reflected or extraneous emissions.
Glial TLR4 signaling does not contribute to opioid-induced depression of respiration (2014)

Opioids activate glia in the central nervous system in part by activating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) complex. TLR4/MD2-mediated activation of glia by opioids compromises their analgesic actions. Glial activation is also hypothesized as pivotal in opioid-mediated reward and tolerance and as a contributor to opioid-mediated respiratory depression. We tested the contribution of TLR4 to opioid-induced respiratory depression using rhythmically active medullary slices that contain the pre-Bötzinger Complex (preBötC, an important site of respiratory rhythm generation) and adult rats in vivo. Injection with DAMGO (μ-opioid receptor agonist; 50 μM) or bath application of DAMGO (500 nM) or fentanyl (1 μM) slowed frequency recorded from XII nerves to 40%, 40%, or 50% of control, respectively. This DAMGO-mediated frequency inhibition was unaffected by preapplication of lipopolysaccharides from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (a TLR4 antagonist, 2,000 ng/ml) or (+)naloxone (1-10 μM, a TLR4-antagonist). Bath application of (-)naloxone (500 nM; a TLR4 and μ-opioid antagonist), however, rapidly reversed the opioid-mediated frequency decrease. We also compared the opioid-induced respiratory depression in slices in vitro in the absence and presence of bath-applied minocycline (an inhibitor of microglial activation) and in slices prepared from mice injected (ip) 18 h earlier with minocycline or saline. Minocycline had no effect on respiratory depression in vitro. Finally, the respiratory depression evoked in anesthetized rats by tail vein infusion of fentanyl was unaffected by subsequent injection of (+)naloxone, but completely reversed by (-)naloxone. These data indicate that neither activation of microglia in preBötC nor TLR4/MD2-activation contribute to opioid-induced respiratory depression.
Comparison of the Salmonella‐Tek ELISA to Culture Methods for Detection of <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> in Litter and Cloacal Swabs of Poultry (1994)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using the Salmonella-Tek ELISA test system, was compared with bacteriological isolation for detection of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in litter and cloacal swabs of poultry. Before ELISA, samples were enriched in tetrathionate broth for 18-24 h or in tetrathionate broth (18-24 h), followed by M-broth/novobiocine (4-6 h). The bacteriological isolation procedure included incubation in buffered peptone water and inoculation on modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis. For detection of S. enteritidis in litter samples, ELISA was more sensitive than bacteriological examination. For cloacal swabs, both techniques were equally sensitive. The two enrichment procedures gave no significant differences in ELISA results. It was concluded that the Salmonella-Tek ELISA test might be a promising test for detection of Salmonella infected poultry flocks, providing that further studies are performed to determine the cut-off value for litter and cloacal swabs of commercial flocks.
Comparing Community Detection Algorithms on Neuroimaging Data from Multiple Subjects (2015)

It is well-known that the brain is a complex network""brain areas dedicated to different functions. As such,""consisting of""it is natural to shift toward brain network from brain mapping for deeper understanding of brain functions. Although graph theoretical network metrics measuring global or local properties of network topology have been used to investigate the brain network, they do no provide any information about intermediate scale of the brain network, which is provided by the community structure analysis.""In this paper, we propose a method to compare different community detection algorithms for multiple subjects data in terms of the agreement of a group-based community structure with individual community structures. As it is crucial to find a single group-based community structure for a group of subjects to discuss about brain areas and connections, a number of algorithms based on different approaches have been proposed. To show the feasibility of the method for comparing different algorithms, two community detection algorithms based on different approaches ("virtual-typical-subject" and "group analysis") were examined. The Normalized Mutual Information was computed to measure similarity between the group-based community structure and individual community structures derived from resting-state fMRI functional network, and was used for comparing the two algorithms. Our method demonstrated that the algorithm based on the group-analysis approach detected a group-based community structure with greater agreement with individual community structures.
Fraudulent agents in an artificial financial market (2003)

The problem of insider trading and other illegal practices in financial markets is an important issue in the field of financial regulatory policies. Market control bodies, such as the US SEC or the Italian CONSOB regularly perform statistical analyses on security prices in order to unveil clues of fraudulent behaviour within the market. Fraudulent behaviour is connected to the more general problem of information asymmetries, which had already been addressed in the field of experimental economics. Recently, interesting conclusions were drawn thanks to a computer-simulated market where agents had different pieces of information about the future dividend cash flow of exchanged securities. Here, by means of an agent-based artificial market: the Genoa Artificial Stock Market (GASM), the more specific problem of fraudulent behaviour in a financial market is studied. A simplified model of fraudulent behaviour is implemented and the action of fraudulent agents on the statistical properties of simulated prices and the agent wealth distribution is investigated.
HEME OXYGENASE-1 GENE THERAPY FOR PREVENTION OF VASOSPASM IN RATS (2001)

78 This study tested the hypothesis that adenovirus expressing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the enzyme that metabolises hemoglobin, would reduce contractions of cerebral arteries to hemoglobin and decrease vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Rats underwent injection of vehicle or replication defective adenovirus expressing HO-1 (Ad5HO-1) or β-galactosidase (Ad-βGal) into the cisterna magna. Transgene expression was assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels, immunoblotting for protein levels, immunohistochemistry, response of the basilar artery to pure, ferrous hemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin production 1 day after virus injection. Effects of Ad5HO-1 and Ad-βGal on vasospasm were assessed in a rat double hemorrhage model. Injection of Ad5HO-1 significantly increased HO-1 mRNA, protein and activity in basilar artery compared to Ad-βGal and vehicle. Injection of Ad-βGal result in low level expression and activity of HO-1 but this was significantly less than after injection of Ad5HO-1. HO-1 immunoreactivity was present in the basilar artery adventitia after injection of Ad5HO-1 and Ad-βGal. Injection of Ad5HO-1 and Ad-βGal increased basilar artery diameter and brainstem blood flow compared to control (P &lt; 0.001, ANOVA). Ad5HO-1, however, significantly and selectively prevented contraction of the basilar artery and reduction in brainstem cerebral blood flow due to hemoglobin and significantly increased carboxyhemoglobin concentration compared to Ad-βGal and vehicle. Basilar artery diameter 7 days after SAH was significantly greater after injection of Ad5HO-1 (380 ± 36 μm) compared to Ad-βGal (282 ± 44 μm) and vehicle (287 ± 31μm, P &lt; 0.001, ANOVA). In conclusion, injection of Ad5HO-1 into the cisterna magna of rats results in expression of functional HO-1 in the adventitia of the basilar artery. This is associated with an increase in basilar artery diameter. HO-1 expression with Ad5HO-1 inhibits arterial contractions to hemoglobin and after SAH.
Heterogenized Wilkinson‐Type Catalyst for Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds (2011)

Abstract Wilkinson's catalyst [RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 ] was heterogenized on common silica by the use of a grafting/anchoring technique. The immobilized catalyst showed high activity and selectivity in transfer hydrogenation reactions of a range of carbonyl compounds in 2‐propanol. Reactions carried out in 2‐propanol at reflux afforded the corresponding alcohols in high yields in short reaction times. The heterogeneous feature of the catalyst allows for easy recovery and efficient reuse in the same reaction up to 5 times without any detectible loss of catalytic activity.
Effects of Biomass Burning on Stratocumulus Droplet Characteristics, Drizzle Rate, and Composition (2019)

This study reports on airborne measurements of stratocumulus cloud properties under varying degrees of influence from biomass burning (BB) plumes off the California coast. Data are reported from five total airborne campaigns based in Marina, California, with two of them including influence from wildfires in different areas along the coast of the western United States. The results indicate that subcloud cloud condensation nuclei number concentration and mass concentrations of important aerosol species (organics, sulfate, nitrate) were better correlated with cloud droplet number concentration (<i>N</i> <sub>d</sub>) as compared to respective above-cloud aerosol data. Given that the majority of BB particles resided above cloud tops, this is an important consideration for future work in the region as the data indicate that the subcloud BB particles likely were entrained from the free troposphere. Lower cloud condensation nuclei activation fractions were observed for BB-impacted clouds as compared to non-BB clouds due, at least partly, to less hygroscopic aerosols. Relationships between <i>N</i> <sub>d</sub> and either droplet effective radius or drizzle rate are preserved regardless of BB influence, indicative of how parameterizations can exhibit consistent skill for varying degrees of BB influence as long as <i>N</i> <sub>d</sub> is known. Lastly, the composition of both droplet residual particles and cloud water changed significantly when clouds were impacted by BB plumes, with differences observed for different fire sources stemming largely from effects of plume aging time and dust influence.
Lattice of nonlinear coupled oscillators: An acousto-mechanical analogy of gas microbubble (2014)

Expensive and complex experiments and/or simulations are required to study microbubble's dynamics considering its size and the complexity of the associated physical phenomenon of bubble-ultrasound interactions. To overcome this, the use of a macroscopic acousto-mechanical analogy is proposed. In this study, microbubble's surface modes are investigated through an experimental analogy based on coupled pendula. The data are further compared to numerical simulations. Vibration modes up to n = 22 have been observed for excitation frequency ranging from 1Hz to 5Hz. Simulations shows mode mixing phenomena and an influence of the amplitude on the dispersion relation. The relevance of the analogy is discussed.
Enhanced facial feature tracking of spontaneous and continuous expressions. (2001)

The integration of multimedia technologies into mainstream computing have both raised the user’s expectations of computer interfaces, and made possible the development of multi-modal emotionally intelligent systems. The true strength of facial expression recognition (FER) shows when seamlessly integrated into emotionally intelligent systems enabling applications to add facial expressions to traditional input modalities. FER systems must operate on natural human expressions in a real time environment. This paper presents efficient methodologies for tracking spontaneous facial expressions that are continuous in time. A model for natural facial expressions is developed, within which we propose three feature point tracking mechanisms that operate efficiently within that model; the adaptive facial feature tracking methodology developed to improve tracking results while decreasing the total number of computations, the predictive feature point tracking mechanism well-suited to large motions, and the nonexhaustive sum of squared differences (SSD) technique, an optimization on the SSD algorithm on which many tracking methodologies are based. Performance analysis carried out on different image sequences showed that adaptive and predictive mechanisms used in conjunction with the non-exhaustive version of the SSD yield up to a 1-10 increase in time efficiency, whilst improving tracking accuracy. These results help further the development of real-time natural facial expression recognition systems. 1.
Retrospective: EIE: Efficient Inference Engine on Sparse and Compressed Neural Network (2023)

EIE proposed to accelerate pruned and compressed neural networks, exploiting weight sparsity, activation sparsity, and 4-bit weight-sharing in neural network accelerators. Since published in ISCA'16, it opened a new design space to accelerate pruned and sparse neural networks and spawned many algorithm-hardware co-designs for model compression and acceleration, both in academia and commercial AI chips. In retrospect, we review the background of this project, summarize the pros and cons, and discuss new opportunities where pruning, sparsity, and low precision can accelerate emerging deep learning workloads.
Application of the Kaiser score by MRI in patients with breast lesions by ultrasound and mammography (2022)

PURPOSE This study aimed to verify whether the use of the Kaiser score can improve the diagnostic performance in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for suspicious lesions and avoid further invasive diagnostic approaches. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 97 patients who underwent breast MRI before undergoing breast biopsy or surgery. Evaluations were conducted on all MRI images individually by 2 radiologists using the Kaiser score. Neither radiologist had the knowledge of the final histopathological diagnosis. The ability of the Kaiser score in diagnosis was established via a receiver performing characteristic (ROC) analysis, which was measured by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Youden index was used to define the optimal cutoff value. Kaiser score categories were dichotomized into positive (cutoff score > 4) and negative scores (cutoff score ≤ 4). Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to analyze the inter-rater agreement. RESULTS Histopathology revealed 56 malignant and 41 benign lesions. The AUC for all lesions evaluated by the Kaiser score was 0.992 (95% CI: 0.981-1.0) and 0.958 (95% CI: 0.920-0.996) for 2 radiologists, respectively. Inter-rater agreement of the dichotomized Kaiser score was excellent (κ=0.894, P < .001). A total of 20 lesions (33.8%) previously categorized as BI-RADS 4 were reduced to BI-RADS 2/3 (19 benign lesions and 1 malignant lesion). CONCLUSION The Kaiser score is a valuable auxiliary diagnostic tool for improving the diagnostic ability of radiologists, whose experiences in breast MRI are diverse. In some cases, the application of the Kaiser score could possibly avoid unnecessary breast biopsies.
Interleukin-6 stimulates thrombopoiesis through thrombopoietin: role in inflammatory thrombocytosis (2001)

Baseline platelet production is dependent on thrombopoietin (TPO). TPO is constitutively produced and primarily regulated by receptor-mediated uptake by platelets. Inflammatory thrombocytosis is thought to be related to increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. To address whether IL-6 might act through TPO to increase platelet counts, TPO was neutralized in vivo in C57BL/10 mice treated with IL-6, and hepatic TPO mRNA expression and TPO plasma levels were studied. Transcriptional regulation of TPO mRNA was studied in the hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2. Furthermore, TPO plasma levels were determined in IL-6-treated cancer patients. It is shown that IL-6-induced thrombocytosis in C57BL/10 mice is accompanied by enhanced hepatic TPO mRNA expression and elevated TPO plasma levels. Administration of IL-6 to cancer patients results in a corresponding increase in TPO plasma levels. IL-6 enhances TPO mRNA transcription in HepG2 cells. IL-6-induced thrombocytosis can be abrogated by neutralization of TPO, suggesting that IL-6 induces thrombocytosis through TPO. A novel pathway of TPO regulation by the inflammatory mediator IL-6 is proposed, indicating that the number of platelets by themselves might not be the sole determinant of circulating TPO levels and thus of thrombopoiesis. This regulatory pathway might be of relevance for the understanding of reactive thrombocytosis.
Reaction of ethyl diazoacetate with the zeolite catalyst H-ZSM-5: a model study of carbon–carbon bond formation (1986)

Reaction of the substituted diazomethane with the acidic and conjugate base forms of the zeolite ZSM-5 is used to model carbon–carbon bond formation for methanol conversion into hydrocarbons, and the results re-inforce the involvement of a surface bonded C1 intermediate rather than a non-bonded trimethyloxonium ion ylide.
P1–246: International, multicenter training and validation of CSF Alzheimer's biomarker assays (2013)

To maximize the power of longitudinal studies, Alzheimer's biomarker assays must exhibit strong, consistent analytical performance with minimal variability from analytical factors. We conducted a multi-center study to assess intra- and inter-center variability of results from validated MSD® Human Abeta42 and Human Total Tau Kits, and we implemented a training program to minimize variability due to inconsistent execution of the assay protocol. We will present the multi-center study results and provide a review of the training program. Twenty-five operators at 15 sites on 3 continents were trained by expert scientists prior to conducting the validation experiments. Eight of the sites participated in the validation, which included generating standard curves and testing quality controls and 12 blinded CSF sample pools in at least four discrete runs per assay over at least three days. Matrix tolerance was evaluated by dilution linearity using 10 CSF sample pools diluted 2- to 32-fold in two discrete runs per assay over two days. All results were evaluated against pre-defined acceptance criteria. Multiple assay lots were included in the study to confirm consistency in manufacturing. The Abeta42 and Tau assays produced standard curves within 20% of expected signals across all testing sites and assay lots. The average intra-run %CVs were <5% for quality controls at most sites and <10% for samples. Testing blinded technical replicates suggested that pre-analytical and sampling handling issues may contribute to increased inter-run variability of Abeta42 in CSF samples compared to QC samples. Tau inter-run %CVs were <15% for most sites, but systematic differences between sites were identified, whereas the differences between sites for Abeta42 were random. These multi-center testing and training programs have proven valuable for simultaneously assessing and maximizing the robustness of the validated Abeta42 and Tau assays. The assays consistently quantified CSF samples across testing sites and assay lots and are suitable for longitudinal studies. The multi-site study identified sample handling as a critical factor for Abeta42, but not for Tau. These programs should be extended to other validated assays to demonstrate utility prior to release into the community.