gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemical Phenotyping of Disseminated Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow by uPA Receptor and CK18: Investigation of Sensitivity and Specificity of an Immunogold/Alkaline Phosphatase Double Staining Protocol (1997)

Phenotyping of cytokeratin (CK)18-positive cells in bone marrow is gaining increasing importance for future prognostic screening of carcinoma patients. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPA-R) is one example of a potential aggressive marker for those cells. However, a valid and reliable double staining method is needed. Using monoclonal antibodies against uPA-R and CK18, we modified an immunogold/alkaline phosphatase double staining protocol. UPA-R/CK18-positive tumor cell controls exhibited black uPA-R staining in 15-80% of cases and red CK18 staining in almost 100% of tumor cells. Isotype- and cross-matched controls were completely negative. Bone marrow from healthy donors was always CK18-negative. Reproducibility of CK18-positive cell detection was estimated in a series of specimens from 61 gastric cancer patients comparatively stained with the single alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) and our double staining method (10(6) bone marrow cells/patient). In four cases, double staining could not reproduce CK18-positive cells. In 34 cases it revealed fewer or equal numbers, and in 23 cases more CK18-positive cells than the APAAP method. Overall quantitative analysis of detected cell numbers (838 in APAAP, range 1-280 in 10(6); double staining 808, range 0-253) demonstrated relative reproducibility of APAAP results by double staining of 97%. Correlation of results between both methods was significant (p < 0.001, linear regression). Sensitivity of double staining tested in logarithmic tumor cell dilutions was one CK18-positive cell in 300,000. Specific uPA-R staining was seen on CK18-positive cells in bone marrow from 29 of 61 patients, and also on single surrounding bone marrow cells. To test the specificity of this staining, bone marrow cytospins from 10 patients without tumor disease were stained for uPA-R with the APAAP method. uPA-R expression was confirmed in all 10 cases, with a mean of 6.5% uPA-R-positive cells in 1000 bone marrow cells (SEM 1.2%). These results suggest that our double staining protocol is a sensitive, reproducible, and specific method for routine uPA-R phenotyping of disseminated CK18-positive cells in bone marrow of carcinoma patients.
Effects of the Subaleurone Layer of Rice on Macrophage Activation and Protection of Pollen Allergy in a Murine Model. (2015)

Compared to polished white rice, rice retaining a subaleurone layer contained a high level of LPS with higher macrophage activation. Furthermore, oral administration of the rice demonstrated a preventive effect for pollen allergy, thus indicating its utility as a functional food that has a regulatory effect on innate immunity.
Abstract QS11: Stem Cell Therapy Enriched Fat Graft Reconstruction of Craniofacial Deficits (2018)

PURPOSE: Craniofacial deformities have serious psychosocial sequelae and can profoundly affect quality of life. Fat grafting is an effective treatment for craniofacial deformities. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a concentrated form of adipose derived stem cells (ASC) that can be isolated from fat through collagenase based procedures. The aim of this clinical trial is to assess the impact of SVF enrichment on craniofacial fat grafting. METHODS: This IRB-approved prospective cohort study was funded by the Department of Defense. Twelve subjects with at least two regions of craniofacial volume deficit were enrolled and underwent fat grafting with SVF-enriched or standard fat grafting to each area. All patients had bilateral malar regions injected with SVF-enriched graft on one side and control standard fat grafting to the contralateral side. Outcome assessments included: 1) demographic information; 2) volume retention determined by CT scans; 3) SVF cell populations by flow cytometry; 4) SVF cell viability; and, 5) complications. Follow-up was 9 months. RESULTS: All patients had subjective improvement in appearance. There were no serious adverse events. There was no significant difference in volume retention between the SVF-enriched and control regions overall (50.3% vs 57.3%, p=0.269) or comparing malar regions (51.4% vs 56.7%, p=0.494). Patient age, smoking status, obesity, and diagnosis of diabetes did not impact volume retention. Cell viability was 77.4 ± 7.3%. Cellular subpopulations were 60.1 ± 11.2% ASCs, 12.2 ± 7.0% endothelial cells, and 9.2 ± 4.4% pericytes. There was no significant correlation between cell viability or cellular subpopulations and volume retention. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous fat transfer for the reconstruction of craniofacial defects is effective and safe. SVF enrichment does not significantly impact volume retention. D.A. Bourne: None. F.M. Egro: None. J. Bliley: None. I. James: None. G.L. Haas: None. E.M. Meyer: None. V. Donnenberg: None. A. Donnenberg: None. B. Branstetter: None. K. Marra: None. S. Coleman:; Dr Coleman developed the fat grafting cannulas that were used during fat grafting procedures performed in this study.; Mentor. J.P. Rubin: None.
Brain damage from anticancer treatments in adults (2009)

The abovementioned issue is of clinical importance given the number of patients treated for brain tumors, including patients with brain metastases, and the number of patients who are at high risk for brain metastasis who could benefit from prophylactic cranial irradiation. Moreover, drugs used in nonbrain tumors are now recognized to impair brain normal functioning.
Phase Coexistence and Kinetic Arrest in the Magnetostructural Transition of the Ordered Alloy FeRh (2018)

In materials where two or more ordering degrees of freedom are closely matched in their free energies, coupling between them, or multiferroic behavior can occur. These phenomena can produce a very rich phase behavior, as well as emergent phases that offer useful properties and opportunities to reveal novel phenomena in phase transitions. The ordered alloy FeRh undergoes an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition at ~375 K, which illustrates the interplay between structural and magnetic order mediated by a delicate energy balance between two configurations. We have examined this transition using a combination of high-resolution x-ray structural and magnetic imaging and comprehensive x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. We find that the transition proceeds via a defect-driven domain nucleation and growth mechanism, with significant return point memory in both the structural and magnetic domain configurations. The domains show evidence of inhibited growth after nucleation, resulting in a quasi-2<sup>nd</sup> order temperature behavior.
Counter-intuitive throughput behaviors in networks under end-to-end control (2006)

It has been shown that as long as traffic sources adapt their rates to aggregate congestion measure in their paths, they implicitly maximize certain utility. In this paper we study some counter-intuitive throughput behaviors in such networks, pertaining to whether a fair allocation is always inefficient and whether increasing capacity always raises aggregate throughput. A bandwidth allocation policy can be defined in terms of a class of utility functions parameterized by a scalar a that can be interpreted as a quantitative measure of fairness. An allocation is fair if /spl alpha/ is large and efficient if aggregate throughput is large. All examples in the literature suggest that a fair allocation is necessarily inefficient. We characterize exactly the tradeoff between fairness and throughput in general networks. The characterization allows us both to produce the first counter-example and trivially explain all the previous supporting examples. Surprisingly, our counter-example has the property that a fairer allocation is always more efficient. In particular it implies that maxmin fairness can achieve a higher throughput than proportional fairness. Intuitively, we might expect that increasing link capacities always raises aggregate throughput. We show that not only can throughput be reduced when some link increases its capacity, more strikingly, it can also be reduced when all links increase their capacities by the same amount. If all links increase their capacities proportionally, however, throughput will indeed increase. These examples demonstrate the intricate interactions among sources in a network setting that are missing in a single-link topology.
Silica Encapsulated Laccase/CNT Catalysts for Enzymatic Fuel Cell Cathodes (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Demonstration of a 1.1 Petawatt Hybrid OPCPA-Nd:glass Laser (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. Gaul, M. Martinez, J. Blakeney, A. Jochmann, M. Ringuette, D. Hammond, S. Marijanovic, R. Escamilla, and T. Ditmire, "Demonstration of a 1.1 Petawatt Hybrid OPCPA-Nd:glass Laser," in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper WD1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Structures of the PKA RIα holoenzyme with the FLHCC driver J-PKAcα or wild type PKAcα (2018)

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is driven by J-PKAcα, a kinase fusion chimera of the J-domain of DnaJB1 with PKAcα, the catalytic subunit of Protein Kinase A (PKA). Here we report the crystal structures of the chimeric fusion RIα2:J-PKAcα2 holoenzyme formed by J-PKAcα and the PKA regulatory (R) subunit RIα, and the wild type (wt) RIα2:PKAcα2 holoenzyme. The chimeric and wt RIα holoenzymes have quaternary structures different from the previously solved wt RIβ and RIIβ holoenzymes. The chimeric holoenzyme shows an isoform-specific interface dominated by antiparallel interactions between the N3A-N3A motifs of RIα that serves as an anchor for RIα structural rearrangements during cAMP activation. The wt RIα holoenzyme showed the same configuration as well as a distinct second conformation. In the structure of the chimeric fusion RIα2:J-PKAcα2 holoenzyme, the presence of the J-domain does not prevent formation of the holoenzymes, and is positioned away from the symmetrical interface between the two RIα:J-PKAcα heterodimers in the holoenzyme. The J-domains have significantly higher temperature factors than the rest of the holoenzyme, implying a large degree of conformational flexibility. Furthermore molecular dynamics simulations were applied to analyze the conformational states of chimeric fusion and wt RIα holoenzymes, and showed an ensemble of conformations in the majority of which the J-domain was dynamic and rotated away from the R:J-PKAcα interface. Thus, rather than affecting the interactions with the regulatory subunits, the fusion of the J-domain to the PKAcα alters the conformational landscape of the chimeric fusion holoenzymes and potentially, as result, the interactions with other molecules. The structural and dynamic features of these holoenzymes enhance our understanding of the fusion chimera protein J-PKAcα that drives FLHCC as well as the isoform specificity of PKA.
Surface- and Structural-Dependent Reactivity of Titanium Oxide Nanostructures with 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide under Ambient Conditions (2022)

Robust materials capable of heterogeneous reactivity are valuable for addressing toxic chemical clean up. Synthetic manipulations for generating titanium oxide nanomaterials have been utilized to alter both photochemical (1000 nm > λ > 400 nm) and chemical heterogeneous reactivity with 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES). Synthesizing TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials in the presence of long-chain alkylphosphonic acids enhanced the visible light-driven oxidation of the thioether sulfur of 2-CEES. Photooxidation reaction rates of 99 and 168 μmol/g/h (quantum yields of 5.07 × 10<sup>-4</sup> and 8.58 × 10<sup>-4</sup> molecules/photon, respectively) were observed for samples made with two different alkylphosphonic acids (C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>29</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>19</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, respectively). These observations are correlated with (i) generation of new surface defects/states (i.e., oxygen vacancies) as a result of TiO<sub>2</sub> grafting by alkylphosphonic acid that may serve as reaction active sites, (ii) better light absorption by assemblies of nanorods and nanowires in comparison to individual nanorods, (iii) surface area differences, and (iv) the exclusion of OH groups due to the surface functionalization with alkylphosphonic acids via Ti-O-P bonds on the TiO<sub>2</sub>. Alternatively, nanowire-form H<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O was produced and found to be capable of highly efficient hydrolysis of the carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) bond of 2-CEES in the dark with a reaction rate of 279.2 μmol/g/h due to the high surface area and chemical nature of the titanate structure.
Analysis of a Cardiovascular Model for the Study of the Autonomic Response of Brugada syndrome patients (2016)

International audience
Improvement on linearity with iterative calibration technique for multilevel LINC transmitters (2014)

This paper proposes an iterative calibration technique to enhance the linearity for multilevel LINC transmitters. With this approach, the precision of characterising AM/AM and AM/PM behaviours for discrete levels can be improved, which results in better adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) and error vector magnitude (EVM) performance. An ML-LINC transmitter is built with two PAs in GaN technology, which delivers 40.8 dBm output power with 68% drain efficiency at 2.05 GHz. Up to 5 dB ACLR improvement can be observed by iterative calibration using S1/S2 for a 5 MHz LTE signals. The configuration with 16 levels can give satisfying linearity performance to meet the standard specification, while keep the complexity reasonable. Measurement results show an ACLR of −46 dBc, EVM of 1.9% (QPSK) and 4.2% (64-QAM) at average output power of 35.7 dBm with 51.1% drain efficiency for a 10 MHz LTE signals with a PAPR of 7.9 dB. The performance of the built ML-LINC tranmitter is compared to the state-of-the-art. Both the linearity and drain efficiency are quite competitive.
Fast and accurate haplotype frequency estimation for large haplotype vectors from pooled DNA data (2012)

Using a tree-based determinstic sampling technique we present an algorithm for haplotype frequency estimation from pooled data. Our method demonstrates superior performance in datasets with large number of markers and could be the method of choice for haplotype frequency estimation in such datasets.
ProximAid: Proximal adhoc networking to aid emergency response (2015)

Mobile adhoc networking is considered as one of the key technologies to support communication when different emergencies or disasters strike. Unfortunately, the majority of existing adhoc networking solutions are based on proprietary hardware and software which severely limits their use by only those competent authorities that are well trained and properly equipped. As a consequence, patients/victims and bystanders are excluded from this communication network. This work details a novel adhoc networking solution that is purposefully designed to operate on consumer electronics such as smartphones, tablets and laptops that support the WiFi-Direct standard. The networking solution proposed is shown to be both highly scalable, robust and energy efficient due to the distributed and purely local operation of all its functionalities. The proposed solution is implemented and tested on Android devices and experimental results demonstrate its favourable features.
Modifying the porphyrin core — a chemist's jigsaw (2011)

Core modified porphyrinoids are porphyrin analogs which differ from these by containing at least one non-pyrrolic aromatic ring. The result of core modification is to produce systems with novel and unique physical and electronic properties. In this review, the various possible core modified porphyrins and their syntheses are summarized starting by porphyrinoids with one pyrrolic nitrogen replaced followed by porphyrin-related macrocycles with two or more pyrrole rings exchanged. In addition the spectroscopic properties, especially the UV-vis absorption profiles and proton NMR shifts emanating from their core modifications are discussed and summarized in a table.
Bioinspired Repellent Pipette Tips with Low Retention Properties Prevent Contamination in Handling Biological Samples (2021)

<title>Abstract</title> Cross-contamination of biological samples during handling and preparation, is a major issue in laboratory setups, leading to false-positives or false-negatives. Sample carryover residue in pipette tips contributes greatly to this issue. Most pipette tips on the market are manufactured with hydrophobic polymers that are able to repel high surface tension liquids, yet they lack in performance when low surface tension liquids are involved. This presents an obstacle for pipette tips as inaccuracies and loss in precision arise when low surface tension liquids such as viscous oils are pipetted. Here we propose the use of lubricant-infused surface (LIS) technology to achieve omniphobic properties in pipette tips. Using a versatile and simple design, the inner lumen of commercially available pipette tips was coated with a fluorosilane (FS) layer using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We show that after lubricating the tips through simply pipetting up and down a fluorinated lubricant, the surface free energy of the tips drastically decreased enabling them to attain low retention properties. Contact angle measurements reveals that the treated pipette tips have enhanced omniphobic properties. The repellent behavior of the lubricant-infused pipette tips against physical adsorption is investigated through pipetting a food coloring dye as well as human blood samples and are compared to the untreated tips. The results show significantly less amount carryover residue when the lubricant-infused tips are utilized compared to commercially available ones.
A Design Study of Marine Current Turbine-Generator Combinations (2009)

Marine currents are an offshore source of renewable energy of increasing importance, with the development of technology for electricity generation from tidal currents or low-head river currents advancing at a quick pace. Two of the major components of a marine current power plant are the generator and the turbine. It is not sufficient to design these components separately, but a system approach, where the power plant is seen as one entity, must be taken to achieve best overall efficiency. In the present paper, the performance of three different combinations of direct-driven permanent magnet generator with cross-stream axis marine current turbine is examined numerically under the variation of water flow speed. The design case chosen is that of a shallow river or tidal channel, where the cross-sectional area limits the physical size of the power plant. The units are designed for a power output of 10 kW at a water current velocity of 1 m/s. Turbines for three different rotational speeds are considered, each in combination with a corresponding generator. The three turbine-generator systems are designed according to similar design criteria to allow for comparisons. The turbines are modelled using an in-house code, based on the double multiple streamtube model. Corrections are made due to the finite aspect ratio and tip losses of the blades. Experimental data for the lift and drag coefficients for different Reynolds numbers are used in the model. The generators are modelled using a FEM tool that has been validated with experimental results. The three generators are designed for the same nominal voltage and with a low load angle to allow for overload operation. The overall performance of each of the three systems is studied under varying flow velocity. The main conclusion is that all three machines exhibit essentially the same performance behaviour, which means that the choice of nominal operational speed for a power plant will not be a major design constraint. Turbines with higher rotational speed allow for a more compact generator design within the limits of the design parameters used in this study. However, this also entails certain mechanical constraints on the turbine. Due to the restricted cross-sectional area in the channel, it is clear that at least one of the three systems would have to be placed with the axis of rotation in a horizontal rather than vertical position.
Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells for Treatment of Hindlimb Ischemia (2009)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results from narrowing of the peripheral arteries that supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the legs and feet, This pathology causes symptoms such as intermittent claudication (pain with walking), painful ischemic ulcerations, or even limb-threatening gangrene. It is generally believed that the vascular endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells that invests the luminal surface of all blood and lymphatic vessels, plays a dominant role in vascular homeostasis and vascular regeneration. As a result, stem cell-based regeneration of the endothelium may be a promising approach for treating PAD. In this video, we demonstrate the transplantation of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived endothelial cells for treatment of unilateral hindimb ischemia as a model of PAD, followed by non-invasive tracking of cell homing and survival by bioluminescence imaging. The specific materials and procedures for cell delivery and imaging will be described. This protocol follows another publication in describing the induction of hindlimb ischemia by Niiyama et al.
Autosomal Dominant Hypertension and Brachydactyly in a Turkish Kindred Resembles Essential Hypertension (1996)

We examined a Turkish kindred with a unique form of autosomal dominant hypertension that cosegregates 100% with brachydactyly and maps to chromosome 12p. Affected adults were 10 to 15 cm shorter than unaffected people; however, their body mass index (27 kg/m2) was not different. Blood pressure increased steeply with age in the affected people so that by age 40 years, they had a mean blood pressure of 140 mm Hg, compared with 92 mm Hg in unaffected individuals. Complete clinical, roentgenographic, and laboratory evaluation was performed in 6 subjects, including 24-hour blood pressure measurements and humoral determinations before and after volume expansion with 2 L normal saline over 4 hours followed by volume contraction on the following day with a 20-mmol sodium diet and 40 mg furosemide at 8 AM, noon, and 4 PM. Two affected men aged 46 and 31 years; 3 affected women aged 40, 31, and 30 years; and 1 unaffected man aged 29 years were studied. Systolic pressures ranged from 170 to 250 mm Hg, and diastolic pressures ranged from 100 to 150 mm Hg in affected people; the unaffected man had a blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg. Thyroid, adrenal, and renal functions were normal; electrolyte and acid-base statuses were normal. Calcium and phosphate homeostasis was normal. Day-night circadian blood pressure rhythm was preserved. The subjects were not salt sensitive; renin, aldosterone, and catecholamine values reacted appropriately to volume expansion and contraction. Affected people had mild cardiac hypertrophy and increased radial artery wall thickness. Fibroblasts from affected people grew more rapidly in culture than from unaffected people. We conclude that this novel form of inherited hypertension resembles essential hypertension.
Observation of optical refrigeration in Tm/sup 3+/:BaY/sub 2/F/sub 8/ (2004)

We report the first experimental demonstration of laser cooling with thulium-doped BaY/sub 2/F/sub 8/. Cooling by /spl sim/1.5 K below ambient temperature is obtained at /spl lambda/ = 1.902 /spl mu/m in a single pass geometry.