gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of myokines and osteokines in cancer cachexia (2021)

Cancer-induced muscle wasting, i.e. cachexia, is associated with different types of cancer such as pancreatic, colorectal, lung, liver, gastric and esophageal. Cachexia affects prognosis and survival in cancer, and it is estimated that it will be the ultimate cause of death for up to 30% of cancer patients. Musculoskeletal alterations are known hallmarks of cancer cachexia, with skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness as the most studied. Recent evidence has shed light on the presence of bone loss in cachectic patients, even in the absence of bone-metastatic disease. In particular, we and others have shown that muscle and bone communicate by exchanging paracrine and endocrine factors, known as myokines and osteokines. This review will focus on describing the role of the most studied myokines, such as myostatin, irisin, the muscle metabolite β-aminoisobutyric acid, BAIBA, and IL-6, and osteokines, including TGF-β, osteocalcin, sclerostin, RANKL, PTHrP, FGF23, and the lipid mediator, PGE<sub>2</sub> during cancer-induced cachexia. The interplay of muscle and bone factors, together with tumor-derived soluble factors, characterizes a complex clinical scenario in which musculoskeletal alterations are amongst the most debilitating features. Understanding and targeting the "secretome" of cachectic patients will likely represent a promising strategy to preserve bone and muscle during cancer cachexia thereby enhancing recovery.
Genomic investigation of inherited thrombotic microangiopathy—aHUS and TTP (2020)

Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are a heterogeneous group of red cell fragmentation syndromes characterized by a tendency for thrombosis and pathognomonic red cell fragments in peripheral blood, which results in thrombosis in the microvasculature due to endothelial damage. Genomic investigations into inherited TMAs are of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value. Here, we present two cases that capture the importance of performing genomic testing in rare disorders. Treatment options for these conditions, such as plasma exchange and monoclonal antibodies against complement factors, are intensive and expensive health care interventions. The results of genomic investigation into rare TMAs can better inform the clinicians and their patients of prognosis and suitable personalized treatment options.
A236 ASSOCIATION OF STOOL METABOLOMIC PROFILE AND MICROBIOME COMPOSITION RISK SCORE WITH FUTURE ONSET OF CROHN’S DISEASE (2022)

Abstract Background Microbial composition-based risk score (MRS) was recently developed and validated to predict future risk of developing Crohn’s disease (CD) among healthy first-degree relatives (FDR) of CD patients. We hypothesized that stool metabolomic profiles, some of which are linked to the gut microbiome, are associated with future risk of CD. Aims To assess the association of stool metabolomic profile with onset of CD and to determine the correlation between stool metabolites and the MRS Methods Healthy FDR of CD patients were recruited as part of the nested case-control cohort of the CCC-GEM Project. Healthy FDRs who later developed CD (n=56) were matched approximately 1:1 by age, sex, follow-up duration, and geographical location with control FDRs remaining healthy (n=66). Stool metabolomics were assessed using the Metabolon’s DiscoveryHD4™ platform, and the stool microbiome characterised by 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing. We fitted a multivariable conditional logistic regression model on the disease status as a function of individual stool metabolites. We additionally performed Spearman correlation between each stool metabolite and the MRS. Results Among 1,029 stool metabolites that were analyzed, 79 were associated with future risk of CD (p&amp;lt;0.05); however, none remained significant after multiple testing correction (FDR correction). Considering the exploratory nature of this study with limited sample size, we focused on the top seven metabolites associated with CD onset (p&amp;lt;0.01). Of these, two stool metabolites (dimethylglycine, methylmyristate) were associated with increased risk of CD onset while five (cytosine, guanine, cytidine, hydroxyglutarate, nervonate) were associated with decreased risk of developing CD. The two metabolites positively associated with CD onset were positively correlated with the MRS, while the five metabolites negatively associated with CD onset, were negatively correlated with the MRS. Meanwhile, 24 stool metabolites had significant correlation with MRS (FDR-corrected p&amp;lt;0.2). Among those, a total of four stool metabolites (cytosine, guanine, methymyristate, cytidine) overlapped with the top seven stool metabolites associated with CD onset. Conclusions Stool metabolite profiles may predict future risk of CD. A subset of these metabolites have significant correlation with the MRS with consistent direction of effect. This may suggest that stool metabolites mediate the putative effect of the gut microbiome on CD risk. Further validation in the full GEM cohort is warranted. Funding Agencies CCC, CIHRThe Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust; Kenneth Croitoru is the recipient of the Canada Research Chair in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Sun-Ho Lee is a recipient of the Imagine/ CIHR/CAG Fellowship Award; Sun-Ho Lee, Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay, and Williams Turpin are recipients of fellowship awards from the Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
Association between the α <sub>1a</sub> calcium channel gene <i>CACNA1A</i> and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (2001)

Antiseizure medication in early nervous system development. Ion channels and synaptic proteins as principal targets,
Hermeticity Testing Of Glass-silicon Packages With On Chip Feed Throughs (2005)

This paper reports on hermeticity test results performed on a silicon-glass hermetic package in aqueous environments. The package utilizes anodic bonding of glass to silicon at temperatures below 320/spl deg/C to form a hermetically sealed cavity large enough to contain hybrid components. Up to 200 sealed polysilicon feedthrough lines can be obtained per mm at the edge of the package. Hermeticity is maintained by planarizing these feedthrough lines, and then depositing a smooth top poly silicon surface for anodic bonding of the glass capsule. Accelerated long term tests indicate a lifetime of at least many years. In-vivo tests in guinea pigs for two months have shown the package to be biocompatible and rugged.
Early outcome results of a phase I/II study for an IL-2/T-cell receptor fusion protein in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. (2012)

e15010 Background: ALT-801 is a human IL-2/single-chain T-cell receptor fusion protein previously tested in a phase 1 in patients with advanced malignancy (Fishman 2011 CCR 17:7765) (CA097550). In various murine models, ALT-801 demonstrated potent activity against syngeneic and xenograft UC, suggesting sensitivity of this disease to IL-2 based immunotherapy (Wong, unpubl. data.). Although UC are sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, combinations such as gemcitabine (G) + cisplatin (C) are associated with CR rates of around 15%, and limited durability of responses with limited effects of retreatment. Methods: We report here initial efficacy results of co-administration of G (1000 mg/m 2 /dose, d 1 &amp; 8), C (70 mg/m 2 /dose, d 1) and ALT-801 (escalating doses, d 3, 5, 8, 10) on a 21 day schedule, for 3 cycles, in patients with UC that was locally advanced, or metastatic, for whom GC chemotherapy would be considered. ALT-801 planned doses are 0.04 to 0.12 mg/kg/dose in 5 dose cohorts with a 3+3 escalation design. Subjects with at least stable disease after 3 courses may receive 4 additional weekly doses of ALT-801 alone. Results: To date, three Stage IV UC patients (1F, 2M; 59-63 yrs; 2 patients had predominantly nodal metastases and one patient liver metastases) completed treatment with 0.04 mg/kg ALT-801+GC. Two had previously undergone radical cystectomy and had then later failed following GC treatment. Grade 3/4 toxicities observed include neutropenia (2), thrombocytopenia (2), leukopenia (1), lymphopenia (1) and anemia (1), consistent with GC and ALT-801 known pharmacodynamic effects. All 3 had radiological CRs by week 13. One patient underwent radical cystectomy had a pCR. The next (0.06 mg/kg/dose) cohort has started treatment. A phase II expansion cohort is planned at the MTD. Conclusions: The early response pattern is encouraging in that ALT-801 may be a novel, active immunotherapy for UC. NCT01326871
Correction: Effect of molecular weight on the EUV-printability of main chain scission type polymers (2020)

Correction for ‘Effect of molecular weight on the EUV-printability of main chain scission type polymers’ by Ashish Rathore <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>J. Mater. Chem. C</italic>, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9tc06482f.
Mutations du facteur de transcription Tpitet différenciation hypophysaire (2004)

Pituitary hormone-producing cells differentiate sequentially from a common epithelial primordium, Rathke's pouch, under the combinatorial action of a subset of tissue- and cell-restricted transcription factors. Some factors have been implicated in early events of pituitary induction and morphogenesis while other factors like Pit-1 and SF-1 have been associated with differentiation of particular lineages. In POMC-expressing cells, Pitx1, NeuroD1 and Tpit were shown to be important for cell specific transcription of the POMC gene. Since Tpit is exclusively expressed in pituitary POMC-expressing lineages, the corticotrophs and melanotrophs, we investigated the TPIT gene coding sequences in 17 patients presenting with congenital isolated ACTH deficiency (IAD). We demonstrated that human TPIT gene mutations cause a neonatal onset form of IAD (8/11), but not juvenile forms of this deficiency (0/6). In the absence of glucocorticoid replacement, IAD can lead to neonatal death by acute adrenal insufficiency. To assess the importance of Tpit in pituitary differentiation and function, we produced Tpit-null mice. Concordant with the human phenotype, Tpit-null mice have IAD : plasma ACTH is greatly reduced in these mice, their plasma corticosterone is undetectable and the adrenals are hypoplastic. Analysis of the pituitary in Tpit-null mice revealed multiple roles of this factor in cell differentiation. First, Tpit is a positive regulator for POMC cell differentiation. Tpit is also a negative regulator of the pituitary gonadotroph fate. Thus, Tpit operates as a molecular switch to orient differentiation of a common precursor towards either POMC or gonadotroph fate. A binary choice model of pituitary cell differentiation is presented.
Effects of a silane coupling agent on the tensile adhesive strength between resin and titanium (2013)

Abstract Adhesion of a cured dental opaquer, which masks metallic appearance and color, to sandblasted Ti aided by 3‐methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) is investigated. The tensile bond strengths of Ti and the opaquer are 43.3 and 45.9 MPa, respectively, when MPTS dissolved in ethanol (6 wt %) and premixed with the opaquer (3 wt %) are applied to the sandblasted Ti surface. Mirror finishing alone and sandblasting alone result in the bond strengths of 1.8 and 21.3 MPa, respectively. After thermal cycling (4 and 60°C for 5000 cycles), the bond strengths of the Ti with sandblasting and the MPTS treatment remain higher than that of the Ti with sandblasting only. Sandblasting and the MPTS treatment effectively promote the adhesion of the opaquer to Ti that rapidly forms an oxide surface layer. The silane‐aided adhesion of the opaquer to the sandblasted NiCr, CoCr, and AuAgPd alloys attain adhesive strengths of 33.2, 31.9, and 31.6 MPa, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Cover Feature: Electrochemical Installation of CFH<sub>2</sub>−, CF<sub>2</sub>H−, CF<sub>3</sub>−, and Perfluoroalkyl Groups into Small Organic Molecules (Chem. Rec. 9/2021) (2021)

The cover picture displays fluoroalkyl radicals as reactive intermediates in the electrochemical (per)fluoroalkylation and representative examples of electrochemically fluoroalkylated small molecules. The installation of fluoroalkyl moieties into drug candidates significantly promotes their potency. Electrosynthesis is a sustainable and powerful technology to tackle this challenging synthetic task. Consequently, electrochemical fluoroalkylation of small organic molecules has become a vivid area of research, which is surveyed by S. R. Waldvogel and co-workers in their Record Review (DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100065).
Evaluation and Upscaling of Impregnated La<sub>0.20</sub>Sr<sub>0.25</sub>Ca<sub>0.45</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Fuel Electrodes for Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Under H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub> and Co-Electrolysis Conditions (2023)

Recent research into Rh and Ce 0.80 Gd 0.20 O 1.90 -impregnated La 0.20 Sr 0.25 Ca 0.45 TiO 3 fuel electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells has demonstrated the high-stability of these material sets to a variety of harsh operating conditions at small scales (button cells with 1 cm 2 active area), as well as full commercial scales (100 cm 2 cells) in short stacks (5 cells) and full micro-combined heat and power systems (60 cells). In this work, the authors present a comprehensive evaluation of the ability of these novel titanate-based materials to function as fuel electrodes in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). Short-term and durability testing of button cell scale SOECs, under CO 2 and steam electrolysis conditions, highlighted the limited stability of lanthanum strontium manganite-based air electrodes with lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite-based air electrodes offering improved degradation. Upscaling of this optimized cell chemistry to a 16 cm 2 active area SOEC and testing under CO 2 , CO 2 /steam and steam electrolysis conditions demonstrated encouraging performance over a period of ~600 hours.
Overview of Mechanical Behavior of Materials (2017)

This chapter discusses the basics of how materials behave under a mechanical load and shows how to compare among materials given available reference values. It presents how the properties of materials are intimately tied to the properties of the surrounding environment, the amount of load applied, and the frequency of the applied load. Many different companies make load frames and Universal Testing Machine (UTM) components with some variation on the underlying science. The chapter focuses on mechanical characterization relative to the tool used and reviews the power of structure-property relationships that can be gleaned with macroscopic and microscopic mechanical testing. It also focuses on uniaxial loading in tension and compression and provides more complex deformation modes in which are seen in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In DMA, an oscillating force is applied to a material at a known frequency in a known sample geometry and the resulting strain stress and strain are calculated.
Correction: Genome-Wide Reprogramming of Transcript Architecture by Temperature Specifies the Developmental States of the Human Pathogen Histoplasma (2021)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005395.].
Spatiotemporal Detection of Unusual Human Population Behavior Using Mobile Phone Data (2015)

With the aim to contribute to humanitarian response to disasters and violent events, scientists have proposed the development of analytical tools that could identify emergency events in real-time, using mobile phone data. The assumption is that dramatic and discrete changes in behavior, measured with mobile phone data, will indicate extreme events. In this study, we propose an efficient system for spatiotemporal detection of behavioral anomalies from mobile phone data and compare sites with behavioral anomalies to an extensive database of emergency and non-emergency events in Rwanda. Our methodology successfully captures anomalous behavioral patterns associated with a broad range of events, from religious and official holidays to earthquakes, floods, violence against civilians and protests. Our results suggest that human behavioral responses to extreme events are complex and multi-dimensional, including extreme increases and decreases in both calling and movement behaviors. We also find significant temporal and spatial variance in responses to extreme events. Our behavioral anomaly detection system and extensive discussion of results are a significant contribution to the long-term project of creating an effective real-time event detection system with mobile phone data and we discuss the implications of our findings for future research to this end.
Flexible Glass Substrates (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Display Glass Properties Manufacturing of Thin “Flexible” Glass Mechanical Properties Improvement in Mechanical Properties of Glass Processing of Flexible Glass Current Thin Glass Substrate Applications and Trends References
Mitochondria are involved in the neurogenic neuroprotection conferred by stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (2005)

Activation of neural pathways originating in the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) protects the brain from the deleterious effects of cerebral ischemia and excitotoxicity, a phenomenon termed central neurogenic neuroprotection. The neuroprotection is, in part, mediated by suppression of apoptosis. We sought to determine whether FN stimulation exerts its anti-apoptotic effect through mitochondrial mechanisms. Mitochondria were isolated from the cerebral cortex of rats in which the FN was stimulated for 1 h (100 microA; 1 s on/1 s off), 72 h earlier. Stimulation of the dentate nucleus (DN), a brain region that does not confer neuroprotection, served as control. Mitochondria isolated from FN-stimulated rats exhibited a marked increase in their ability to sequester Ca2+ and an increased resistance to Ca2+-induced membrane depolarization and depression in respiration. FN stimulation also leads to reduction in the release in cytochrome c, induced either by Ca2+ or the mitochondrial toxin mastoparan. Furthermore, in brain slices, FN stimulation reduced the staurosporine-induced insertion of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax into the mitochondria, a critical step in the mitochondrial mechanisms of apoptosis. Collectively, these results provide evidence that FN stimulation protects the mitochondria from dysfunction induced by Ca2+ loading, and inhibits mitochondrial pathways initiating apoptosis. These mitochondrial mechanisms are likely to play a role in the neuroprotection exerted by FN stimulation.
Application-enhanced approach to undergraduate engineering electromagnetics (2002)

This paper describes an application-enhanced approach to teaching fundamental concepts in electromagnetics at the introductory undergraduate level. The use of numerical tools and interactive visualization is emphasized to aid in presentation and validation of basic concepts. The goal to illustrate the use of theory in practical applications and to exploit visualization as a supplementary instructional tool.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Orthonormal Basis in Minkowski Space (2012)

Finsler space is differentiable manifold for which Minkowski space is the fiber of the tangent bundle. To understand structure of the reference frame in Finsler space, we need to understand the structure of orthonormal basis in Minkowski space. In this paper, we considered the definition of orthonormal basis in Minkowski space, the structure of metric tensor relative to orthonormal basis, procedure of orthogonalization. Linear transformation of Minkowski space mapping at least one orthonormal basis into orthonormal basis is called motion. The set of motions of Minkowski space V generates not complete group SO(V) which acts single transitive on the basis manifold. Passive transformation of Minkowski space mapping at least one orthonormal basis into orthonormal basis is called quasimotion of Minkowski space. The set of passive transformations of Minkowski space generates passive representation of not complete group SO(V) on basis manifold. Since twin representations (active and passive) of not complete group SO(V) on basis manifold are single transitive, then we may consider definition of geometric object.
HIV virological failure and drug resistance among injecting drug users receiving first-line ART in China (2014)

The proportion of virological failure was high among IDUs receiving first-line ART in China. However, better treatment outcomes were observed in Guangxi and Yunnan, which indicates the importance of ART education and adherence to intervention, especially for patients who are farmers, minorities or have a poor educational background.
Understanding Factuality in Abstractive Summarization with FRANK: A\n Benchmark for Factuality Metrics (2021)

Modern summarization models generate highly fluent but often factually\nunreliable outputs. This motivated a surge of metrics attempting to measure the\nfactuality of automatically generated summaries. Due to the lack of common\nbenchmarks, these metrics cannot be compared. Moreover, all these methods treat\nfactuality as a binary concept and fail to provide deeper insights into the\nkinds of inconsistencies made by different systems. To address these\nlimitations, we devise a typology of factual errors and use it to collect human\nannotations of generated summaries from state-of-the-art summarization systems\nfor the CNN/DM and XSum datasets. Through these annotations, we identify the\nproportion of different categories of factual errors in various summarization\nmodels and benchmark factuality metrics, showing their correlation with human\njudgment as well as their specific strengths and weaknesses.\n
Multilateral Approaches for Reliable Mobile RFID Service Systems (2017)

This chapter presents an analysis of security and privacy threats, and multilateral security approaches to promoting a globally mobile radio frequency identification device (RFID) service. This new technology to RFID will provide a solution that protects absolute confidentiality from basic tags to the user’s privacy information. The chapter examines the mobile RFID technology. It describes the general details of mobile RFID system anatomy, and discusses the components that make up a typical mobile RFID system and the underlying technologies that make them work. RFID is expected to be the base technology for the ubiquitous network or computing, and is likely to be associated with other technologies such as Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, Telematics, and Sensors. The mobile RFID can be used for entertainment, smart poster service, and payment system. The mobile RFID service structure provides its services by associating the mobile communication network and the RFID application service network based on the RFID tag.
Effect of atmospheric extinction on laser rangefinder performance at 1.54 and 0.6 microns (1992)

Extinction of laser rangefinder (LRF) pulses by the atmosphere depends on the wavelength, weather conditions, and aerosol concentration along the optical path. In the IR, extinction is due to absorption by molecular constituents and scattering and absorption by aerosols. The total atmospheric extinction alpha(lambda) is the sum of the molecular and aerosol contributions, alpha(sub m)(lambda)and Alpha(sub a)(lambda). We present simple expressions for alpha(sub m)(lambda) and alpha(sub a)(lambda) for two LRF sources: Er:glass and CO2 which operate at 1.54 and 10.6 microns, respectively. The expressions are based on accepted models of atmospheric aerosols and molecular extinction and give an estimate of alpha(lambda) as a function of standard meteorological parameters, assuming horizontal beam propagation. Signal-to-noise ratios of LRF returns, measured from a reference target under different weather conditions are compared to predictions based on the estimate of alpha(lambda).