gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Analytical and Clinical Performance of the Elecsys® CA 15-3 Immunoassay (2001)

Although the sensitivity and specificity of CA 15-3 in primary diagnosis of breast cancer is limited, CA 15-3 measurement has found widespread use in monitoring disease progression and response to therapy [reviewed in Ref. (1)]. A new assay for determination of CA 15-3 on Elecsys® immunoanalyzers has been introduced by Roche Diagnostics GmbH. The analytical performance of this assay was tested in an international multicenter evaluation in 11 evaluation sites, and the clinical performance was judged in 4 of these laboratories. The results are described in this report.

Elecsys CA 15-3 is a sandwich immunoassay that uses biotinylated 115D8 and ruthenylated DF3 as capture and detection antibodies, respectively, and electrochemiluminescence as the detection technology. Details of the test principle have been described previously (2). The test is standardized against the Enzymun-Test CA 15-3 (Roche Diagnostics GmbH) in the laboratories of the manufacturer.

The analytical evaluation was carried out according to a standardized protocol of the European Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (3). The results of within-run imprecision (21 replicates per analysis) and between-day imprecision (1 replicate analyzed on 21 different days) studies are available as a data supplement at Clinical Chemistry Online (http://www.clinchem.org/content/vol47/issue12). The medians of the within-run and between-day CVs were 2.5–3.8% and 5.0–5.9%, respectively, at all concentrations tested (8.4–251.7 kilounits/L) for human sera and control sera.

Confirmation of target values assigned to control sera was tested in an interlaboratory survey and was 97% for PreciControl Tumor Marker Level 1 (18.4 kilounits/L) and 96% for Level 2 (58.6 kilounits/L). The medians of all participants of an interlaboratory survey of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry were confirmed for each of the two control samples used (11.8 and 16.8 kilounits/L) by 99% (on the basis of the medians of all participants in the Elecsys study); thereby demonstrating the excellent agreement …
kappa-Opioid receptor effects of butorphanol in rhesus monkeys. (1999)

Butorphanol and nalbuphine have substantial affinity for mu and kappa-opioid receptor sites, yet their behavioral effects in monkeys are largely consistent with a mu receptor mechanism of action. Using ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) discrimination and diuresis assays in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), the purpose of the current investigation was to characterize the in vivo kappa-opioid activity of these compounds through the use of an insurmountable mu-opioid receptor antagonist, clocinnamox. Alone, butorphanol (0.001-0.032 mg/kg i.m.) failed to generalize to EKC, and pretreatment with the competitive opioid receptor antagonist quadazocine (0.1 or 0.32 mg/kg i.m.) did not alter this generalization. At 24 h after clocinnamox (0.1 mg/kg i.m.) administration, butorphanol fully generalized to EKC, and this generalization was maintained in two of three monkeys at 72 h. Parallel results were observed in diuresis: butorphanol alone and in the presence of quadazocine (1 mg/kg i.m.) did not alter urine output, and a marked diuretic effect was demonstrated 24 h to 2 weeks after clocinnamox administration. Clocinnamox did not alter the discriminative stimulus or diuretic effects of nalbuphine or of the kappa-opioid receptor agonists EKC or U69593. These results are consistent with an in vivo agonist activity of butorphanol at kappa-opioid receptors that can only be demonstrated when an insurmountable antagonist has substantially eliminated the dominant receptor population through which it exerts its action.
Note S1 from Therapeutic Targeting of the CBP/p300 Bromodomain Blocks the Growth of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GNE-049 chemical synthesis&lt;/p&gt;
Factor VIII efficient and specific non-covalent binding to PEGylated liposomes enables prolongation of its circulation time and haemostatic efficacy (2005)

Summary Haemophilia A is a bleeding disorder caused by the lack of factor VIII (FVIII). We report the prolongation of exogenous FVIII circulation time and haemostatic efficacy by its formulation with PEGylated liposomes (PEGLip). FVIII binds non-covalently but with high affinity in a specific mode with the external surface of PEGLip neither losing its activity nor its binding to von Willebrand Factor. Experiments in haemophilic and non-haemophilic mice indicate that the circulation time and clotting efficacy of PEGLip-formulated exogenous FVIII (PEGLip-FVIII) are significantly enhanced over those of free FVIII. The data support the feasibility of using PEGLip-FVIII to extend the duration of haemostatic efficacy in the treatment of haemophilia A.
Breadth first search on massive graphs (2009)

We consider the problem of Breadth First Search (BFS) traversal on massive sparse undirected graphs.Despite the existence of simple linear time algorithms in the RAM model, it was considered non-viable for massive graphs because of the I/O cost it incurs.Munagala and Ranade [29] and later Mehlhorn and Meyer [27] gave efficient algorithms (refered to as MR BFS and MM BFS, respectively) for computing BFS level decompositions in an external memory model.Ajwani et al. [3] implemented MR BFS and the randomized variant of MM BFS using the external memory library STXXL and gave a comparative study of the two algorithms on various graph classes.In this paper, we review and extend that result demonstrating the effectiveness and viability of the BFS implementations on various other synthetic and real world benchmarks.Furthermore, we present the implementation of the deterministic variant of MM BFS and show that in most cases, it outperforms the randomized variant.
Nuclear alpha-synuclein is present in the human brain and is modified in dementia with Lewy bodies (2022)

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is pathologically defined by the cytoplasmic accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) within neurons in the brain. Predominately pre-synaptic, aSyn has been reported in various subcellular compartments in experimental models. Indeed, nuclear alpha-synuclein (aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup>) is evident in many models, the dysregulation of which is associated with altered DNA integrity, transcription and nuclear homeostasis. However, the presence of aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> in human brain cells remains controversial, yet the determination of human brain aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> and its pathological modification is essential for understanding synucleinopathies. Here, using a multi-disciplinary approach employing immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, and mass-spectrometry (MS), we confirm aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> in post-mortem brain tissue obtained from DLB and control cases. Highly dependent on antigen retrieval methods, in optimal conditions, intra-nuclear pan and phospho-S129 positive aSyn puncta were observed in cortical neurons and non-neuronal cells in fixed brain sections and in isolated nuclear preparations in all cases examined. Furthermore, an increase in nuclear phospho-S129 positive aSyn immunoreactivity was apparent in DLB cases compared to controls, in both neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. Our initial histological investigations identified that aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> is affected by epitope unmasking methods but present under optimal conditions, and this presence was confirmed by isolation of nuclei and a combined approach of immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, where aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> was approximately tenfold less abundant in the nucleus than cytoplasm. Notably, direct comparison of DLB cases to aged controls identified increased pS129 and higher molecular weight species in the nuclei of DLB cases, suggesting putative pathogenic modifications to aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> in DLB. In summary, using multiple approaches we provide several lines of evidence supporting the presence of aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> in autoptic human brain tissue and, notably, that it is subject to putative pathogenic modifications in DLB that may contribute to the disease phenotype.
An audit of the value of patch testing: the patient's perspective (1994)

Evaluation of the benefits of patch testing has been difficult. We have attempted to establish patients' views on patch testing and to assess the effectiveness of advice given in the clinic. Postal questionnaires were sent to 135 patients. A total of 105 replies were received (77.8% response rate). 42 patients (40.4%) reported improvement in their skin condition after testing. Of the 43 patients with a final diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), 31 (72%) believed that patch testing had helped. About 1/2 of these were able to avoid the allergens concerned and had made changes in their lifestyle. This contrasts with the group of patients with final diagnoses other than ACD, in whom only 20 of 62 (32%) recorded patch testing as helpful. Similar numbers in both groups had improved sufficiently to be discharged from the clinic. 91 of the patients were entirely correct in their knowledge of the patch test results. 39 felt that the results had not been explained in sufficient detail. This study shows that patch testing is beneficial, especially for those with ACD. Patients' knowledge of the results was good but education could be improved.
Characterization of immune complexes and immunoglobulin G antibodies reactive with neutrophils in the sera of patients with Felty's syndrome. (1980)

These studies were performed to determine the relative contribution of immune complexes or antibodies reactive with PMNs to the elevated levels of IgG PMN-binding activity seen with sera from some patients with Felty's syndrome. Twenty-one sera from 19 patients with Felty's syndrome were fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Fourteen of the sera had elevated levels of IgG PMN-binding activity as measured by a sensitive IgG-specific antiglobulin inhibition technique. Ten of the G-200 excluded pools and eight of the G-200 IgG pools had levels of IgG PMN-binding activity greater than 2 S.D. above the mean value for normals.Significant correlations were observed between the levels of IgG PMN-binding activity in the sera and the values for both the G-200 excluded pools (r = 0.51) and the IgG pools (r = 0.69). These data suggested that both soluble immune complexes and antibodies reactive with PMNs contributed to the elevated serum levels of IgG PMN-binding activity seen with sera from some patients with Felty's syndrome. Further evidence for the presence of PMN-binding immune complexes in the sera of patients with Felty's syndrome was the strong correlation between the values of serum IgG PMN-binding activity and the levels of immune complexes as detected by C1q binding (r = 0.71) or analytical ultracentrifugation (r = 0.60). Studies of G-200 excluded samples adsorbed with human IgG coupled to Sepharose 4-B indicated that immune complexes containing rheumatoid factors contributed only in part to the increased levels of IgG PMN-binding activity and of C1q-binding activity. Confirmation of the presence of antibodies reactive with neutrophils was the finding of significantly greater binding to PMN with F(ab')2 fragments of IgG from four sera of patients with Felty's syndrome compared to F(ab')2 from normal sera. Adsorption studies suggested that the PMN-reactive antibodies did not possess rheumatoid factor activity.
Estimating the capacity of the Location-Based Advertising channel (2008)

Delivering 'relevant' advertisements to consumers carrying mobile devices is regarded by many as one of the most promising mobile business opportunities. The relevance of a mobile ad depends on at least two factors: (1) the proximity of the mobile consumer to the product or service being advertised, and (2) the match between the product or service and the interest of the mobile consumer. The interest of the mobile consumer can be either explicit (expressed by the mobile consumer) or implicit (inferred from user characteristics). This paper tries to empirically estimate the capacity of the Mobile Advertising channel, i.e. the number of relevant ads that can be delivered to mobile consumers. The estimations are based on a simulated mobile consumer population and simulated mobile ads. Both of the simulated data sets are realistic and derived based on real-world data sources about population geo-demographics, businesses offering products or services, and related consumer surveys. The estimations take into consideration both the proximity and interest requirements of mobile ads, i.e. ads are delivered only to mobile consumers that are close-by and are interested, where interest is either explicit or implicit. Results show that the capacity of the Location-Based Advertising channel is rather large, which is evidence for a strong business case, but it also indicates the need for user-control of the received mobile ads.
Context-Specific Access Control (2015)

Current mobile platforms take an all-or-nothing approach to assigning permissions to applications. Once a user grants an application permission to access a particular resource, the application can use that permission whenever it executes thereafter. This enables an application to access privacy sensitive resources even when they are not needed for it to perform its expected functions. In this paper, we introduce "Context-Specific Access Control" (CSAC) as a design approach towards enforcing the principle of least privilege. CSAC's goal is to enable a user to ensure that, at any point in time, an application has access to those resources which she expects are needed by the application component with which she is currently interacting. We study 100 popular applications from Google Play store and find that existing applications are amenable to CSAC as most applications' use of privacy sensitive resources is limited to a small number of contexts. Furthermore, via dynamic analysis of the 100 applications and a small-scale user study, we find that CSAC does not prohibitively increase the number of access control decisions that users need to make.
Ferroelectric liquid-crystal shutter array with poly-Si TFT driver (1989)

A ferroelectric liquid-crystal (FE-LC) shutter array with a poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT) driver that has 256 dots (300-dots/in resolution) and is 21.7 mm long is discussed. A low-temperature process and excimer laser doping process were used to reduce the device cost. Since the TFT driver is capable of driving the FE-LC in the static mode and reduces the number of outlet electrodes, this device offers the advantages of high contrast ratio (over 20:1), compact device size, and low cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Temperature cycling aging studies of Zn-based solders for high-temperature applications (2015)

Power semiconductor packages are prone to reliability issues related to microstructural changes, thermal fatigue and thermo-mechanical stresses during high temperature operation. This paper evaluates the reliability of various Pb-free Zn-Al-based solder alloys used as die-attached solder during thermal cycling aging. Minimal interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) growth was observed after 1500 thermal cycles. However, brittle solder cracks were observed in the solder joint after prolonged thermal cycling aging, with preferential cracks occurring near the edges of the Si die-solder interface and surrounding solder defects such as voids and delaminations. Thermo-mechanical FE simulation shows an increase of stresses of at least 50%-61% for void and delamination in various locations within the solder interface. Simulated stress contour plots concurred with crack initiation sites observed during failure analysis of the thermal cycle aged die-attached leadframes.
Head-to-head comparison of inorganic nitrate and metformin in a mouse model of cardiometabolic disease (2020)

Nitrate and metformin had equipotent metabolic effects, while nitrate was superior regarding protection against cardiovascular dysfunction and liver steatosis. If reproduced in future clinical trials, these findings may have implications for novel nutrition-based strategies against metabolic syndrome, T2D and associated complications.
Index support for rule activation (1993)

Integrated rule and database systems are quickly moving from the research laboratory into commercial systems. However, the current generation of prototypes are designed to work with small rule sets involving limited inferencing. The problem of supporting large complex rule programs within database management systems still presents significant challenges. The basis for many of these challenges is providing support for rule activation. Rule activation is defined as the process of determining which rules are satisfied and what data satisfies them. In this paper we present performance results for the DATEX database rule system and its novel indexing technique for supporting rule activation. Our approach assumes that both the rule program and the database must be optimized synergistically. However, as an experimental result we have determined that DATEX requires very few changes to a standard DBMS environment, and we argue that these changes are reasonable for the problems being solved. Based on the performance of DATEX we believe we have demonstrated a satisfactory solution to the rule activation problem for complex rule programs operating within a database system.
State-space solution to the periodic multirate H/sub ∞/ control problem: a lifting approach (2000)

A two-Riccati equation solution to the H/sub /spl infin// control problem for periodic multirate systems is derived via the lifting method. The solution is expressed in terms of two algebraic Riccati equations. The causality constraints are represented by a set of positive definiteness conditions and coupling criteria. As a by-product, the study shows that there is a close connection between the solution of the causally constrained lifted problem and the solution obtained by solving the problem directly as a periodic H/sub /spl infin// problem defined for the multirate system.
Electronic Properties and Photovoltaic Performances of a Series of Oligothiophene Copolymers Incorporating Both Thieno[3,2‐<i>b</i>]thiophene and 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole Moieties (2010)

A series of donor-acceptor alternated conjugated copolymers, composed of thiophene, bithiophene, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units and differing from each other by the nature and the number of 3-alkylthiophene in the backbone, have been synthesized by Stille cross-coupling polymerization. The material's optical and electrochemical properties, in solution and in thin films, have been investigated using UV-Visible absorption and cyclic voltammetry. Bulk heterojunction solar cells using blends of the newly synthesized copolymers, as electron donor, and C60-PCBM or C70-PCBM, as electron transporting material, have been elaborated. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.8% is achieved with a 1:4 PPBzT(2) -C12:C70-PCBM weight ratio.
[Etiological diagnosis of villous atrophy]. (2000)

Villous atrophy may have various etiologies. The diagnosis of villous atrophy relies on an intestinal biopsy which necessitates a perfect histological technique to assert the villous atrophy and its degree. The most frequent etiology is coeliac disease. Villous atrophy regresses with gluten free diet. The failure of a strict gluten free diet implies to exclude a refractory sprue thought to be the earliest form of enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma. The other etiologies of villous atrophy are unusual and could be observed in alpha chain disease, inflammatory and infectious diseases, immune disorders, and primitive ileal villous atrophy. Other etiologies characterize villous atrophy in children as cow milk allergy and epithelial abnormalities.
An architecture for solving quadratic programs with the fast gradient method on a Field Programmable Gate Array (2013)

In this paper an architecture for the implementation of gradient-based optimisation methods on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed. Combining the algorithmic advantages of gradient-based algorithms with the computational strengths of a tailored FPGA implementation allows to solve quadratic programs occurring, for example, in Model Predictive Control (MPC) applications in the microsecond range. The experimental comparisons show a computational advantage of the proposed FPGA implementation against parallel software versions ranging between one and two orders of magnitude. The proposed FPGA-based solution can broaden the applicability of MPC to problems that were considered out-of-reach till recent years.
Do herpes zoster patients receive antivirals? A Dutch national survey in general practice (2005)

A minority of HZ patients were prescribed antiviral treatment. Increasing age, ophthalmic localisation, presence of asthma/COPD, and adherence to professional guidelines were factors favouring prescription. More information on the determinants of GPs' treatment decisions is necessary for successful implementation of HZ guidelines.
Enhanced InAs nanopillar electrical transport by <i>in-situ</i> passivation (2013)

We investigate the effects of in-situ passivation on the electrical transport of InAs nanopillars (NPs) grown on InAs (111)B substrates via selective-area epitaxy. Before passivation, the transport properties of InAs NPs, studied by single-NP field-effect transistors, are highly dependent on NP dimensions. With diameters ranging from 70 nm to 200 nm, we find significant differences in resistivity and extracted field-effect mobility (μeff). Growing a 6 nm InP shell for in-situ passivation significantly enhances these transport properties of InAs channel with diameter-independent μeff as high as 6900 cm2/V s. Such heterostructures have the potential as future high electron mobility transistors.
Characterization of Nitrotyrosine-Modified Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid (2010)

Abstract Background HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) has been associated with the up-regulation of various oxidative stress pathways. Previous studies have linked the neuronal damage observed in individuals diagnosed with HAND to increased nitrotyrosine modification of neuronal proteins. Materials and methods Tyrosine nitration alters protein structure and function, affects biological half-life, and potentially prevents the phosphorylation of key tyrosine residues involved in signal transduction pathways. Therefore, in this study we employed proteomics-based experimental approaches to investigate nitrotyrosine-modified proteins in pooled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of individuals diagnosed with HAND. To identify specific nitrotyrosine-modified proteins in the CSF of individuals diagnosed with HAND, affinity purification and high-performance tandem mass spectrometry are utilized in a “bottom-up” proteomics approach. Results From tandem mass spectrometric analysis, we identified major proteins that underwent nitration as a result of nitro-oxidative stress in the CSF of individuals diagnosed with HAND. We also utilized analytical and biochemical techniques to characterize the expression and modification site of in vivo nitrated lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase in HAND CSF.