gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling asphaltene precipitation titration data: A committee of machines and a group method of data handling (2018)

Abstract Asphaltene precipitation causes different problems in the oil industry. In this study, a large data bank was used to model asphaltene precipitation titration data as a function of temperature, type of solvent, and solvent to crude oil dilution ratio. Three multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks and three radial basis function (RBF) neural networks were developed to estimate asphaltene precipitation data. The MLP models were optimized with scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Levenberg‐Marquardt (LM), and Bayesian regularization (BR) algorithms and the RBF models were optimized with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and genetic algorithm (GA). All of the proposed models show an acceptable degree of accuracy and have an average absolute percent relative error (AAPRE) less than 4 %. Afterwards, three of the best models including MLP‐LM, MLP‐BR, and RBF‐GA were combined and a committee machine intelligent system (CMIS) was designed, which offers a higher accuracy compared to the other intelligent models. Aside from these intelligent models, the group method of data handling (GMDH) was used to develop an explicit and simple expression for estimating asphaltene precipitation. The proposed CMIS and GMDH models were compared to models developed based on scaling theory and the results show that the proposed models in this study outperform pre‐existing models. The validity and accuracy of the CMIS and GMDH models were proven by statistical and graphical techniques. Finally, a sensitivity analysis suggested that the solvent to crude oil dilution ratio has the largest effect on asphaltene precipitation.
Single cell variability of CRISPR‐Cas interference and adaptation (2022)

While CRISPR-Cas defence mechanisms have been studied on a population level, their temporal dynamics and variability in individual cells have remained unknown. Using a microfluidic device, time-lapse microscopy and mathematical modelling, we studied invader clearance in Escherichia coli across multiple generations. We observed that CRISPR interference is fast with a narrow distribution of clearance times. In contrast, for invaders with escaping PAM mutations we found large cell-to-cell variability, which originates from primed CRISPR adaptation. Faster growth and cell division and higher levels of Cascade increase the chance of clearance by interference, while slower growth is associated with increased chances of clearance by priming. Our findings suggest that Cascade binding to the mutated invader DNA, rather than spacer integration, is the main source of priming heterogeneity. The highly stochastic nature of primed CRISPR adaptation implies that only subpopulations of bacteria are able to respond quickly to invading threats. We conjecture that CRISPR-Cas dynamics and heterogeneity at the cellular level are crucial to understanding the strategy of bacteria in their competition with other species and phages.
Synthesis of Gadolinium‐Labeled Shell‐Crosslinked Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications (2005)

Abstract Shell‐crosslinked knedel‐like nanoparticles (SCKs; “knedel” is a Polish term for dumplings) were derivatized with gadolinium chelates and studied as robust magnetic‐resonance‐imaging‐active structures with hydrodynamic diameters of 40 ± 3 nm. SCKs possessing an amphiphilic core–shell morphology were produced from the aqueous assembly of diblock copolymers of poly‐(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), PAA 52 – b –PMA 128 , and subsequent covalent crosslinking by amidation upon reaction with 2,2′‐(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) throughout the shell layer. The properties of these materials, including non‐toxicity towards mammalian cells, non‐immunogenicity within mice, and capability for polyvalent targeting, make them ideal candidates for utilization within biological systems. The synthesis of SCKs derivatized with Gd III and designed for potential use as a unique nanometer‐scale contrast agent for MRI applications is described herein. Utilization of an amino‐functionalized diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid–Gd analogue allowed for direct covalent conjugation throughout the hydrophilic shell layer of the SCKs and served to increase the rotational correlation lifetime of the Gd. In addition, the highly hydrated nature of the shell layer in which the Gd was located allowed for rapid water exchange; thus, the resulting material demonstrated large ionic relaxivities (39 s –1 mM –1 ) in an applied magnetic field of 0.47 T at 40 °C and, as a result of the large loading capacity of the material, also demonstrated high molecular relaxivities (20 000 s –1 mM –1 ).
ChemInform Abstract: Anticancer Constituents from the Roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stable DNA transfection in a flagellate trypanosomatid by microparticle bombardment (1994)

Journal Article Stable DNA transfection in a flagellate trypanosomatid by microparticle bombardment Get access Marilene H. Vainstein, Marilene H. Vainstein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sofia A. AIves, Sofia A. AIves Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Beatriz D.de Lima, Beatriz D.de Lima Departamento de Biologia Celular, Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Universidade de BrasiliaBrasilia, DF 70910-900 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francisco J.L. Aragao, Francisco J.L. Aragao 11Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, Area de Biologia Celular, Laboratorio de BiobalisticaPO Box 0.2372, Brasilia, DF 70849-970, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elibio L Rech Elibio L Rech * 11Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, Area de Biologia Celular, Laboratorio de BiobalisticaPO Box 0.2372, Brasilia, DF 70849-970, Brazil *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 22, Issue 15, 11 August 1994, Pages 3263–3264, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.15.3263 Published: 11 August 1994 Article history Received: 25 March 1994 Revision received: 26 June 1994 Accepted: 26 June 1994 Published: 11 August 1994
Event related potentials (ERPs) and alpha waves in cognition, aging and selected dementias: A source of biomarkers and therapy (2019)

In 2010, 8% of the world's population was >65 years of age. The prevalence of dementia in 2015 was 47.47 million, while its incidence was at 7.7 million new cases each year i.e. translates to a new case every 4.1 seconds. Alzheimer's contributes to 60-70% of cases with dementia. The current global costs of care for dementia is US$ 604 billion/ year. One of the keep obstacles to better treatment outcomes and quality of life is late diagnosis. The present paper covers the role of EEG-based Alpha waves and event-related potential (ERPs) components as biomarkers of cognition and the changes in their features with aging, dementia, and Alzheimer's.
Nonlinear Three-dimensional Noise Filter with Low-Dose CT Angiography: Effect on the Detection of Small High-Contrast Objects in a Phantom Model (2010)

In a phantom, the nonlinear noise filter can prevent decreased image quality with use of 80- and 100-kVp abdominal multidetector CT angiography at a wide range of simulated body weights and may facilitate a better detection rate of endoleaks in heavy patients.
The Interferon-Signature of Sjögren’s Syndrome: How Unique Biomarkers Can Identify Underlying Inflammatory and Immunopathological Mechanisms of Specific Diseases (2013)

Innate immune responses direct the nature and specificity of downstream adaptive responses in autoimmune diseases. One of the strongest markers of innate immunity is the up-regulated expression of interferon (IFN) and IFN-responsive/stimulated genes (IRGs/ISGs). While multiple IRGs are induced during the innate phase of host responses, transcriptome data suggest unique IRG-signatures for different diseases. Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is characterized by chronic immune attacks against exocrine glands leading to exocrine dysfunction, plus strong up-regulated expressions of IFN IRG transcripts. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses indicate that differentially expressed IRGs are restricted during disease development and therefore define underlying etiopathological mechanisms. Here we review the innate immune-associated IFN-signature of SjS and show how differential gene expressions of IRG/ISG sets interact molecularly and biologically to identify critical details of SjS etiopathogenesis.
Simulation model for assessing transient performance of capacitive voltage transformers (2006)

In determining the correct operation of relays of a protection scheme, proper representation of instrument transformers and their behavior in conditions where there can be transient is very critical. This paper presents a simulation model for assessing the transient performance of capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs). In order to test the validity of the developed model, four CVT operational conditions are considered using field data collected from one of the Nigerian electric utility 330/132/33 kV substations. The model simulation results revealed various configuration performance responses that could affect relay protection schemes to different degrees. As expected, the CVT responses showed that faults initiated at zero voltage crossing, which is the worst transient condition, produced transient voltage magnitude up to 40% of the nominal voltage while faults initiated at the crest produced minimum transient voltage magnitude. It is shown that the model developed for the selected instrument transformer yielded satisfactory results
Conditional Covariance Structure of Generalized Compensatory Multidimensional Items (1999)

Some nonparametric dimensionality assessment procedures, such as DIMTEST and DETECT, use nonparametric estimates of item pair conditional covariances given an appropriately chosen subtest score as their basic building blocks. Such conditional covariances given some subtest score can be regarded as an approximation to the conditional covariances given an appropriately chosen unidimensional latent composite, where the composite is oriented in the multidimensional test space direction in which the subtest score measures best. In this paper, the structure and properties of such item pair conditional covariances given a unidimensional latent composite are thoroughly investigated, assuming a semiparametric IRT modeling framework called a generalized compensatory model. It is shown that such conditional covariances are highly informative about the multidimensionality structure of a test. The theory developed here is very useful in establishing properties of dimensionality assessment procedures, current and yet to be developed, that are based upon estimating such conditional covariances. In particular, the new theory is used to justify the DIMTEST procedure. Because of the importance of conditional covariance estimation, a new bias reducing approach is presented. A byproduct of likely independent importance beyond the study of conditional covariances is a rigorous score information based definition of an item's and a score's direction of best measurement in the multidimensional test space.
Correction [to “Archean lamprophyre dikes of the Superior Province, Canada: Distribution, petrology, and geochemical characteristics” by D. A. Wyman and R. Kerrich] (1992)

may incorrectly interpret our discussion to refer to the Proterozoic lamprophyres also discussed by Muir. Muir [1982a] described "schistose gabbroic or dioritic dikes with biotite phenocrysts", also termed "pre-to syn-deformation intrusion breccia bodies" [Muir, 1986], in the Hemlo-Marathon area of the Wawa Subprovince. We interpreted these rocks as lamprophyres on the basis of detailed petrological and geochemical studies and found that they met the criteria for shoshonitic lamprophyres [Rock, 1986] and T. L. Muir (personal communication, 1986) agreed with this interpretation. Wc wish to clarify, however, that all dikes specifically referred to as lamprophyres by Muir [1982aMuir [ , b, 1986] are a separate suite of alkaline rocks, nonshoshonitic in character, essentially undoformed, and Proterozoic in age. In addition, the correct latitude of sample MA-1 is 4841'30".
Integrable Properties of a Variant of the Discrete Hungry Toda Equations and Their Relationship to Eigenpairs of Band Matrices (2017)

Abstract The Toda equation and its variants are studied in the filed of integrable systems. One particularly generalized time discretisation of the Toda equation is known as the discrete hungry Toda (dhToda) equation, which has two main variants referred to as the dhToda I equation and dhToda II equation. The dhToda equations have both been shown to be applicable to the computation of eigenvalues of totally nonnegative (TN) matrices, which are matrices without negative minors. The dhToda I equation has been investigated with respect to the properties of integrable systems, but the dhToda II equation has not. Explicit solutions using determinants and matrix representations called Lax pairs are often considered as symbolic properties of discrete integrable systems. In this paper, we clarify the determinant solution and Lax pair of the dhToda II equation by focusing on an infinite sequence. We show that the resulting determinant solution firmly covers the general solution to the dhToda II equation, and provide an asymptotic analysis of the general solution as discrete-time variable goes to infinity.
Applying a Downhole Drilling Mechanics Tool to Improve Operational Procedures and Rig Operating Systems in Horizontal Wells (2023)

Abstract Managing drilling dysfunction is key to safely drilling horizontal wells in harsh environments. However, extended horizontal wells with long open-hole intervals complicate identifying and addressing dynamic drilling problems using surface measurements. The latest generation downhole drilling mechanics tool uses high-frequency measurements to characterize drilling patterns and dysfunctions in turn, is used to improve rig operational practice and drilling system design. This paper describes how to capture and analyze downhole drilling data sets, identify areas for improvement, and address them by improving operational rig processes and the drilling system design. The approach is applied with two different operators using two different rig operating systems with two different contractors in two different basins with varying systems of drilling and muds. The drilling process is characterized in different ways, and energy management is closely evaluated using surface and downhole measurements for a comprehensive system perspective. The authors break down operational activities into processes and apply process improvement concepts to improve drilling outcomes regarding safety, quality, delivery, and cost. The process improvements are sustained by a combination of drilling system design improvement and drilling operation process automation. Examples of the processes improved throughout a well are the repetitive activities completed during drilling a stand of drill pipe (typically about 95’ in length)), an on-bottom transition with the drilling assembly, rotary drilling, and slide drilling operation with conventional steerable systems, and an off-bottom transition. The improvements have saved a trip for two- and three-mile horizontal sections where multiple runs are typical. This paper describes and demonstrates a repeatable approach to using the drilling rig system, downhole drilling system, and body of operational practice to break down the drilling of an interval into processes for improvement. Using a downhole drilling mechanics sub to characterize energy management and qualify operational practice allows a process improvement approach to managing downhole behaviors with drilling rig control systems.
Glycoscience -- a new frontier in rational drug design. (2006)

Glycans are the most abundant and most diverse biopolymers in nature. Because of their highly specific interactions with physiological receptors, they participate in many crucial biological processes. All these processes are potential targets for therapeutic intervention, and carbohydrate-based drugs are rapidly being taken up by the modern biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. Recent developments in the field of glycobiology have overcome the problem of glycan analysis and synthesis; and many compounds based on carbohydrates are now in various stages of clinical trials. This article presents glycoproteins in a new light, as an important biopharmaceutical target, giving an overview of their potential use as therapeutic glycoproteins and proteoglycans, inflammation blockers, cancer therapeutics and vaccines, inhibitors of pathogenic microbes, viral inhibitors and potential aids in the treatment of lysosomal diseases, neurological diseases and transplantation rejection.
Alternative binders to Co for WC particles for SLS process (1999)

status: Published
Spectroscopic Analysis of Nanocarbon‐Based non‐precious Metal Catalyst for ORR (2015)

MeNC catalysts are today's most prominent nanocarbon-based nonprecious-metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Usually, these catalysts reveal a heterogeneous composition as at least one heat treatment step is involved in their preparation. As a consequence, it is difficult to correlate structural parameters with their activity to reduce oxygen or their long-term stability in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC). This contribution introduces the spectroscopic techniques that are most important to step forward in the development of these nonprecious-metal catalysts. Each technique is shortly introduced and its application is illustrated by selected examples of MeNC catalyst characterization. While today most of the techniques are applied ex situ, the characterization of catalysts under operating conditions (in operando or in situ) will become more and more important.
5.6 A 1/2.65in 44Mpixel CMOS Image Sensor with 0.7µm Pixels Fabricated in Advanced Full-Depth Deep-Trench Isolation Technology (2020)

As the smart mobile device market continues to grow and the number of cameras per device rapidly increases, demand for CMOS image sensors (CIS) also increases. Two major trends in mobile device cameras are: (1) adopting smaller pixels that enable greater pixel count at similar optical format, and (2) bigger pixels for higher image quality. To be more specific, front-facing cameras have a trend towards smaller pixels, while rear main cameras have a trend towards both smaller and bigger pixels. The optical format of front-facing cameras is especially limited due to existing bezel-less or border-less display designs, yet higher resolution still-shot and video (such as 4K UHD) recording is desired. To implement greater pixel count in a limited camera module size, scaling of pixel size is required. The main challenges are to maintain acceptable photodiode full-well capacity (FWC) and sensitivity, while suppressing optical crosstalk [1]. To completely eliminate both electrical and optical crosstalk, deep-trench isolation (DTI) has evolved from early BDTI (Back-side DTI) to current FDTI (Front-side DTI) technology, which is also called full-depth DTI. In this paper, a 44Mpixel CIS with 0.7μm pixels using full-depth DTI is demonstrated.
Two Cases of Venous Thromboembolism Caused by Pelvic Lymphocele after Rectal Cancer Surgery with Lateral Node Dissection (2007)

症例1は44歳の男性で, 肛門縁より7cmにわたる4型腫瘍で生検の結果がsignet-ring cell carcinomaであり, 術前CRT後に腹会陰式直腸切断術, 側方郭清を施行. 術後20日目に右下肢の浮腫, 疼痛が出現しCTにて骨盤内リンパ嚢腫および右外腸骨静脈～大腿静脈に血栓を認めた. 抗凝固療法およびリンパ嚢腫のドレナージを施行後, 症状は改善した. 症例2は54歳の女性で, 術前CTで側方リンパ節転移を認め, CRT後に腹会陰式直腸切断術, 側方郭清, 膣後壁合併切除を施行. 術後42日目より労作時呼吸困難が出現し, CT, USにて肺塞栓, 両側外腸骨静脈の血栓および骨盤内リンパ嚢腫を認めた. 永久型下大静脈フィルターを留置し, 抗凝固療法, 血栓溶解療法およびリンパ嚢腫のドレナージを施行後, 症状は改善した. 2症例とも骨盤内リンパ嚢腫による外腸骨静脈圧排像を認めており, リンパ嚢腫と静脈血栓塞栓症との関連が示唆された.
Approche couplée éléments discrets/finis pour la simulation d’un impact sur ouvrage (2007)

Pour étudier la réponse d’un ouvrage à des sollicitations dynamiques sévères de type impact, nous utilisons une modélisation mixte permettant de tirer profit des avantages de la méthode des éléments discrets dans les zones proches de l’impact et susceptibles de s’endommager fortement. Le reste de la structure est modélisé par la méthode des elements finis. Cette approche permet de modéliser l’ensemble de l’ouvrage avec une discrétisation et un coût de calcul raisonnables et permet également de modéliser la multifracturation de la cible et l’éventuelle pénétration du projectile. Ce papier discute des moyens d’atténuer les réflexions d’ondes parasites dues au changement de taille de la discrétisation et présente une application sur une dalle en béton impactée par un bloc rocheux, application permettant de comparer la réponse de la structure lors de la modélisation mixte avec celle utilisant uniquement des éléments discrets.
Cbln1 regulates axon growth and guidance in multiple neural regions (2022)

The accurate construction of neural circuits requires the precise control of axon growth and guidance, which is regulated by multiple growth and guidance cues during early nervous system development. It is generally thought that the growth and guidance cues that control the major steps of axon development have been defined. Here, we describe cerebellin-1 (Cbln1) as a novel cue that controls diverse aspects of axon growth and guidance throughout the central nervous system (CNS) by experiments using mouse and chick embryos. Cbln1 has previously been shown to function in late neural development to influence synapse organization. Here, we find that Cbln1 has an essential role in early neural development. Cbln1 is expressed on the axons and growth cones of developing commissural neurons and functions in an autocrine manner to promote axon growth. Cbln1 is also expressed in intermediate target tissues and functions as an attractive guidance cue. We find that these functions of Cbln1 are mediated by neurexin-2 (Nrxn2), which functions as the Cbln1 receptor for axon growth and guidance. In addition to the developing spinal cord, we further show that Cbln1 functions in diverse parts of the CNS with major roles in cerebellar parallel fiber growth and retinal ganglion cell axon guidance. Despite the prevailing role of Cbln1 as a synaptic organizer, our study discovers a new and unexpected function for Cbln1 as a general axon growth and guidance cue throughout the nervous system.
Analytical characterization of a facile porous polymer monolithic trypsin microreactor enabling peptide mass mapping using mass spectrometry (2004)

A simple and rapid single-step method is presented to fabricate an enzyme reactor using trypsin immobilized on a macroporous polymer monolith. A reactor produced in a capillary format is ready to use within 1 h of preparation. The monomers making up the monolith, including N-acryloxysuccinimide for covalent immobilization of the enzyme, are mixed with trypsin and introduced into the column by capillary force for polymerization/immobilization. The enzyme activity from column-to-column is reproducible below 5% relative standard deviation (RSD), while the reactor is durable for at least 20 weeks when stored at room temperature. The apparent kinetic constants V(max) and K(m) are of value similar to those obtained by free trypsin in solution. Enzymatic digestion of proteins was shown to be feasible on a time-scale of seconds and submicromolar concentrations enabling peptide mass mapping by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.