gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of 2‐D bubble dynamics on the selectivity of fast gas–liquid reactions (2001)

Abstract The impact of mass transfer and bubble‐wake dynamics on the selectivity of fast gas–liquid reactions was studied for a parallel‐consecutive reaction network using numerical simulations. Depending on bubble size and shape, the bubble wake can be closed or open. Spherical bubbles have only closed wakes without recirculation, while all other bubble types can exhibit recirculation or vortex shedding depending on their shape and the Reynolds number. Although the importance of local mixing on the selectivity of complex reactions was studied by many research groups, there exist no studies addressing the effect of local mixing patterns (bubble‐wake dynamics) close to single bubbles on fast gas–liquid reactions, that is, reactions that occur close to the gas–liquid interface. To study this class of reactions, a 2‐D bubble model was developed, which accounts for liquid flow around the bubble, mass transfer, and reactions. It was found that different residence times in the bubble wake and at the bubble roof can lead to the formation of different products; recirculation in the bubble wake acts as a transport barrier for the liquid‐phase reactants; and vortex shedding causes a qualitatively different mixing pattern than that of a closed wake, leading to a different product distribution in the case of mixing‐sensitive reactions. Since bubble shapes and sizes can be controlled by changing operating conditions or design parameters, this analysis can be applied to actual reaction systems to enable a rational design, control, scale‐up, and optimization of existing and new processes.
Escherichia coli population structure and antibioresistance at a buffalo/cattle interface in Southern Africa (2016)

At a human/livestock/wildlife interface, Escherichia coli populations were used to assess the risk of bacteria and antibioresistance dissemination between hosts. We used phenotypic and genotypic characterization techniques to describe the structure and the level of antibioresistance of E. coli commensal populations and the resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage of sympatric African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle populations characterized by their contact patterns in the southern part of Hwange ecosystem in Zimbabwe. Our results 1) confirmed our assumption that buffalo and cattle share similar phylogroup profiles, 2) identified a significant gradient of antibioresistance from isolated buffalo to buffalo in contact with cattle and cattle populations; 3) evidenced the dissemination of tetracycline, trimethoprim and amoxicillin resistance genes (tet, dfrA, blaTEM-1in 26 isolated sub-dominant E. coli strains between nearby buffalo and cattle populations that led us 4) to hypothesize the role of the human/animal interface in the dissemination of genetic material from human to cattle and towards wildlife. The study of antibiotic resistance dissemination in multi-host systems and at anthropised/natural interface is necessary to better understand and mitigate its multiple threats. These results also contribute to attempts aiming at using E. coli as a tool for the identification of pathogen transmission pathway in multi-host systems. (Texte intégral)
Multisite phosphorylation is required for sustained interaction with GRKs and arrestins during rapid μ-opioid receptor desensitization (2018)

G protein receptor kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins are key regulators of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling and trafficking. We have previously shown that high-efficacy opioids such as DAMGO stimulate a GRK2/3-mediated multisite phosphorylation of conserved C-terminal tail serine and threonine residues, which facilitates internalization of the receptor. In contrast, morphine-induced phosphorylation of MOR is limited to Ser<sup>375</sup> and is not sufficient to drive substantial receptor internalization. We report how specific multisite phosphorylation controlled the dynamics of GRK and β-arrestin interactions with MOR and show how such phosphorylation mediated receptor desensitization. We showed that GRK2/3 was recruited more quickly than was β-arrestin to a DAMGO-activated MOR. β-Arrestin recruitment required GRK2 activity and MOR phosphorylation, but GRK recruitment also depended on the phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal tail, specifically four serine and threonine residues within the <sup>370</sup>TREHPSTANT<sup>379</sup> motif. Our results also suggested that other residues outside this motif participated in the initial and transient recruitment of GRK and β-arrestins. We identified two components of high-efficacy agonist desensitization of MOR: a sustained component, which required GRK2-mediated phosphorylation and a potential soluble factor, and a rapid component, which was likely mediated by GRK2 but independent of receptor phosphorylation. Elucidating these complex receptor-effector interactions represents an important step toward a mechanistic understanding of MOR desensitization that leads to the development of tolerance and dependence.
P2‐343: Peripherally overexpessed neprilysin in muscle reduces brain amyloid in a transgenic mouse model of AD (2008)

Neprilysin (NEP) is a peptidase that efficiently degrades the amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) believed to be the causative agent of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We introduced adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector carrying the mouse NEP gene into muscle tissue of 3×Tg-AD mice to produce a sustained level of NEP. Here we show that this overexpression of NEP in muscle significantly decreases brain Aβ with no apparent adverse effects. Here we show that this overexpression of NEP in muscle significantly decreases brain Aβ with no apparent adverse effects.
Evaluating the impact of hydroxychloroquine on mouse lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vivo and in vitro (2021)

Immunomodulatory drugs can alter lymphocyte function. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is prescribed for many autoimmune diseases and is under investigation as an anti-tumor autophagy inhibitor. Here, we describe a protocol to evaluate the influence of HCQ on lymphocyte function by measuring the in vitro and ex vivo proliferation and cytokine production. The protocol can provide insights into potential immunomodulatory effects of HCQ and can be used for assessing other medications' effects on lymphocyte functions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wabitsch et al. (2021).
Retrospective Review of Pediatric Blunt Renal Trauma: A Single Institution's Five Year Experience. (2017)

Children are at higher risk of renal injury from blunt trauma than adults due to a variety of anatomic factors such as decreased perirenal fat, weaker abdominal muscles, and a less ossified thoracic cage. Non-operative management is gaining in popularity for even major injuries, although there are no universally accepted guidelines. We present a retrospective review of pediatric major blunt renal injuries (grade 3 or higher) at a children's hospital in Hawai'i over a 5-year period. Medical records were examined between January 2009 and September 2014 from Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children in Honolulu, Hawai'i. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of renal trauma, or the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma with hematuria. Exclusion criteria were grade I or II renal injury or death due to an additional traumatic injury. Mechanism of injury, clinical characteristics on admission, blood product requirements, surgical interventions performed, and hospital length of stay were retrospectively analyzed. Eleven total patient records were examined, nine of which fit inclusion criteria. Uniquely, 33% of patients sustained their renal injury while surfing. No patients required laparotomy or nephrectomy, though 22% of patients received a blood transfusion and 44% of patients underwent ureteral stent placement. Non-operative management of major renal injuries in children is feasible and allows for preservation of renal tissue. A novel mechanism of surfing as a cause of major renal trauma is seen in the state of Hawai'i.
ICDE 2006 Ph.D. workshop report (2006)

This report summarizes the Ph.D. Workshop held in conjunction with the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering. This report includes a summary of the technical presentations as well as the panelist discussion.
Solid-Phase Synthesis and In-Silico Analysis of Iron-Binding Catecholato Chelators (2020)

Siderophores are iron-complexing compounds synthesized by bacteria and fungi. They are low molecular weight compounds (500-1500 Daltons) possessing high affinity for iron(III). Since 1970 a large number of siderophores have been characterized, the majority using hydroxamate or catecholate as functional groups. The biosynthesis of siderophores is typically regulated by the iron levels of the environment where the organism is located. Because of their exclusive affinity and specificity for iron(III), natural siderophores and their synthetic derivatives have been exploited in the treatment of human iron-overload diseases, as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Here, solid-phase approach for the preparation of hexadentate, peptide-based tricatecholato containing peptides is described. The versatility of the synthetic method allows for the design of a common scaffolding structure whereby diverse ligands can be conjugated. With so many possibilities, a computational approach has been developed which will facilitate the identification of those peptides which are capable of providing a high affinity iron(III) binding site. This study reports an integrated computational/synthetic approach towards a rational development of peptide-based siderophores.
Minimally Invasive Tensiometry: A New Modality for Per-Operative Measurement of Medialization and Tension During Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Newly developed techniques for minimally invasive abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) for complex ventral hernia are continuously evolving. In order to achieve hernia defect closure, the aponeurotic edges of the hernia defect need to be approximated. Currently, surgeons have no way to objectively measure and quantify the traction required to approximate these edges. This study presents minimally invasive tensiometry (MINT), a novel technology for measuring fascial tension, as well as initial experiences and results using it. <b>Methods:</b> The MINT device was designed using rapid prototyping principles. It was designed as an add-on tool for any existing laparoscopic instrument, enabling objective assessment of abdominal wall tension by the use of a manually operated linear spring. Pre-clinical measurements of medialization at 10 and 20 N of tension during AWR were performed on fresh-frozen Post-Mortem Human Specimens (PMHS). <b>Results:</b> Three specimens were included, and a total number of 36 measurements of medialization at three different levels of the abdominal wall were performed under structured and similar circumstances. Median total medialization with 20 Newton (N) of applied tension was 25 mm (mm) cranially, 37.5 mm at the umbilicus and 27.5 mm at the caudal level. The highest rate of medialization was seen at the umbilical level (2.25 mm/N). <b>Conclusion:</b> MINT is a novel non-invasive technique, which allows surgeons to intraoperatively measure fascial tension when performing AWR. The MINT device is easy to use and reproduce. The next step is to start performing clinical measurements applying MINT during AWR.
Downstream Effects of Photoreceptor Degeneration and Electrical Retinal Stimulation on Visual Cortex Macrostructure and Function (2023)

Visual prostheses are a possible treatment for retinal degenerate conditions. Research in visual protheses and blindness should consider the effect of retinal electric stimulation on the central visual pathway in respect to cortical structure and function. Transcorneal Electric Stimulation was used to electrically activate the retina and immunohistochemistry analysis of visual cortex was performed. Cortical layer thickness of primary visual cortex after photoreceptor degeneration in P23H rats was maintained compared to sighted rats at ages P120, P180, and P360. Transcorneal stimulation applied weekly or twice weekly did not results in differences in cortical thickness. C-Fos (a biomarker of neural activity) showed a weak trend towards reduced expression in cortex corresponding to retinal stimulation, counter to our expectation.
Dynamic compression of human and ovine meniscal tissue compared with a potential thermoplastic elastomer hydrogel replacement (2017)

Understanding how human meniscal tissue responds to loading regimes mimetic of daily life as well as how it compares to larger animal models is critical in the development of a functionally accurate synthetic surrogate. Seven human and eight ovine cadaveric meniscal specimens were regionally sectioned into cylinders 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick along with 10 polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide block copolymer-based thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) hydrogels. Samples were compressed to 12% strain at 1 Hz for 5000 cycles, unloaded for 24 h, and then retested. No differences were found within each group between test one and test two. Human and ovine tissue exhibited no regional dependency (p < 0.05). Human samples relaxed quicker than ovine tissue or the TPE hydrogel with modulus values at cycle 50 not significantly different from cycle 5000. Ovine menisci were found to be similar to human menisci in relaxation profile but had significantly higher modulus values (3.44 MPa instantaneous and 0.61 MPa after 5000 cycles compared with 1.97 and 0.11 MPa found for human tissue) and significantly different power law fit coefficients. The TPE hydrogel had an initial modulus of 0.58 MPa and experienced less than a 20% total relaxation over the 5000. Significant differences in the magnitude of compressive modulus between human and ovine menisci were observed, however the relaxation profiles were similar. Although statistically different than the native tissues, modulus values of the TPE hydrogel material were similar to those of the human and ovine menisci, making it a material worth further investigation for use as a synthetic replacement. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2722-2728, 2017.
Anamorelin in cachectic patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and low BMI (&lt; 20 kg/m<sup>2</sup>): A pooled efficacy data analysis of two phase 3 studies. (2016)

10119 Background: Cancer cachexia can be characterized by weight loss or low BMI, and is associated with increased morbidity and reduced survival. ROMANA 1 [NCT01387269; N = 484] and ROMANA 2 [NCT01387282; N = 495]) were randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trials of anamorelin, an oral ghrelin receptor agonist, in NSCLC patients with cachexia. The main outcomes have previously been reported; briefly, over 12 weeks anamorelin was well tolerated and compared with placebo, significantly increased lean and fat mass and improved anorexia/cachexia symptoms, while changes of handgrip strength (HGS) and fatigue were not different. The aim of this analysis was to assess the response to anamorelin specifically in patients with BMI below 20 kg/m2. Methods: Stage III/IV NSCLC patients with cachexia ( ≥ 5% weight loss during prior 6 months or BMI < 20 kg/m2) were randomly assigned (2:1) to daily oral 100 mg anamorelin or placebo for 12 weeks. A post-hoc pooled analysis of efficacy data from both trials was conducted in patients with BMI < 20 kg/m2 (N = 182) and with BMI ≥ 20 kg/m2(N = 647). Endpoints included changes in lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), HGS, and changes in self-reported anorexia/cachexia concerns and fatigue. Results: Compared with placebo, anamorelin significantly increased LBM both in patients with low BMI (treatment difference: 1.71 kg [95% CI 0.88 – 2.54]) and in those with normal/high BMI (1.47 kg [1.00 - 1.94]) (p < 0.001). Greater increases in FM were observed in the BMI < 20 kg/m2 (1.66 kg [0.86 – 2.46], p < 0.001) than in the BMI ≥ 20 kg/m2 subgroup (0.79 kg [0.30 - 1.28], p = 0.002). There were no treatment differences in HGS. In patients with low BMI, anamorelin significantly improved vs placebo anorexia/cachexia symptoms (5.27 [2.11 - 8.43], p = 0.001) and fatigue (3.94 [0.56 – 7-32], p = 0.023), while these were not significant in patients with BMI ≥ 20 kg/m2(anorexia/cachexia symptoms: 0.91 [(-0.56) - 2.37], p = 0.224; fatigue: (-0.42) [(-2.07) – 1.23], p = 0.616). Conclusions: Anamorelin increased lean and fat mass while improving anorexia/cachexia and fatigue patient-reported outcomes measures in NSCLC patients with cachexia and BMI < 20 kg/m2. Clinical trial information: NCT01387269 and NCT01387282.
Open letter to journal editors on: International Consensus Radiochemistry Nomenclature Guidelines (2018)

The resulting, harmonised nomenclature recommendations have now been published with the following aims: Provide a reference source for nomenclature good practice in the radiopharmaceutical sciences; Clarify the use of terms and rules concerning exclusively radiopharmaceutical terminology, i.e. nuclear-and radiochemical terms, symbols, and expressions; Address gaps and inconsistencies in existing radiochemistry nomenclature rules; Provide source literature for further harmonisation beyond our immediate peer group (publishers, editors, IUPAC, pharmacopoeias, etc.).
Anti-PD-1 antibody cetrelimab (JNJ-63723283) in patients with advanced cancers: Updated phase I/II study results. (2019)

31 Background: Cetrelimab (JNJ-63723283) is an IgG4, anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody. Here we present updated results from an ongoing phase 1/2 study of cetrelimab in patients (pts) with advanced or refractory solid cancers. Methods: Part 2 of the study evaluated safety and efficacy of cetrelimab at 240 mg Q2W, a recommended phase 2 dose selected in Part 1 (Calvo JCO 2018; 36 suppl 5:58). Tumor types for Part 2 included non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma (MEL), bladder, renal cell, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), microsatellite-high (MSI-H)/DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR; locally or centrally tested) colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric/esophageal cancer (GCA/EC). Tumor response was assessed by the investigator following RECIST v1.1. Results: As of 3 Sep 2018, 192 pts have been treated with cetrelimab from 80–800 mg Q2W and 480 mg Q4W. Median age was 60 years (23–86), and median prior regimens was 2 (1–12). Median duration of treatment was 85 days (1–561); 82 pts remain on treatment. Full receptor occupancy was maintained throughout dosing interval. Most common adverse events (AEs) were asthenia (19%), fatigue (19%), dyspnea (16%) and diarrhea (16%). Grade ≥3 AEs, regardless of causality, were reported in 45% of pts; most common were anemia (6%), dyspnea (4%), increased ALT (3%) and increased AST (3%). Observed serious AEs were dyspnea (4%), pleural effusion and intestinal obstruction (3% each). All grade and grade ≥3 immune-related AEs were reported in 30% and 7% of pts, respectively. Among response-evaluable pts (n = 156) from Parts 1 and 2, overall response rate (ORR) was 15%, with 2 complete and 22 partial responses. Half of pts had stable disease or better. ORR was 26% (7/27) in NSCLC (42% [5/12] in PD-L1+ NSCLC [≥50% by IHC]), 25% (12/49) in MEL (28% [12/43] in non-uveal MEL), 50% (1/2) in renal cancer, 8% (2/26) in MSI-H/dMMR CRC (recruited later per amendment) and 14% (2/14) in GCA/EC. No responses were observed in bladder cancer (n = 4) or SCLC (n = 10). Conclusions: The safety profile and preliminary activity of cetrelimab in immune-sensitive advanced cancers is consistent with known PD-1 inhibitors. The study is ongoing and analysis by PD-L1 status will be reported later. Clinical trial information: NCT02908906.
Raw Materials for Paper and Board Manufacture (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Fibrous Materials Overview Chemical Pulp Mechanical Pulp Recovered Paper, Recycled Fibers Role of Recovered Paper in the Paper and Board Industry Main Definitions for Statistics Utilization Rates for Different Paper Grades Resources of Recovered Paper Lists for Recovered Paper Grades Use of Recovered Paper Grades Non-fiber Raw Material Pigments as Fillers Why Use Fillers? Choice of Fillers Characterization of Fillers Main Mineral Fillers Specialty Filler Pigments Outlook Coating Pigments General Overview Main Coating Pigments Special Pigments Additional Pigments References
Investigation of the temperature and pressure dependence of the electric field gradient of<sup>111</sup>Cd in β-Ce Nd and Y (1988)

The nuclear quadrupole interaction of dilute 111Cd impurities has been investigated in the rare-earth metals beta -Ce, Nd and Y by time differential perturbed angular correlation measurements. The quadrupole frequency nu Q has been determined in beta -Ce as a function of temperature between 290 K and 25 K, and in Nd and Y as a function of pressure at 290 K. The quadrupole frequency in beta -Ce, which at 290 K is nu Q (111Cd beta -Ce)=12.5(7) MHz, shows a linear temperature dependence between 25 K and 290 K with a slope of (d ln nu Q/dT)290 K=-13.3(9)*10-4 K-1. The pressure coefficient of nu Q of 111Cd in Nd and Y at 290 K is (d ln nu Q/dP)290 K=+6.8(2,5)*10-3 kbar-1 and +16(3)*10-3 kbar-1 respectively. The systematics of impurity quadrupole interactions in rare-earth metals show that the strength and the temperature and pressure dependence of the electric field gradients at impurities in the rare earth are strongly correlated to the number of 4f electrons of the rare-earth ions. Possible mechanisms behind the observed trends are discussed.
Supplementary Table 17 from Disruption of the MYC Superenhancer Complex by Dual Targeting of FLT3 and LSD1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GSEA of Primary AML Bulk RNA-Seq (24 Hours After Drug Treatment)&lt;/p&gt;
Discoveries: an innovative platform for publishing cutting-edge research discoveries in medicine, biology and chemistry (2013)

Discoveries is a new peer-reviewed, open access, online multidisciplinary and integrative journal publishing high impact reviews, experimental articles, perspective articles, and editorials from all areas related to medicine, biology, and chemistry, including but not limited to: Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Genomics, Proteomics, Biotechnology, Synthetic Biology, Bioengineering, Systems Biology, Bioinformatics, Translational Medicine, Medicine/ Clinical findings, Cognitive Science, Epidemiology, Global Medicine, Family Medicine, Organic/ Inorganic/ Physical Chemistry and Ethics in Science. Discoveries brings to the research community an outstanding editorial board that aims to address several of the innovations proposed above: there is no need to format the manuscript before submission, we have a rapid and efficient submission process, there is no need for a Cover Letter and we support the need for rules for validation of critical reagents, such as antibodies. Discoveries will aim to support high quality research on human subjects materials to provide relevance for non-human studies along with mechanistic insights into human biology and chemistry. We also aim to avoid requesting unnecessary experiments during the review process, without affecting the quality and conclusions of published manuscripts. In addition, we recognize the need of adopting the recommendations made by NCCD and other similar scientific guiding entities.