gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ginsenosides from Korean Red Ginseng ameliorate lung inflammatory responses: inhibition of the MAPKs/NF-κB/c-Fos pathways (2017)

Certain ginsenosides inhibit lung inflammatory responses by interrupting these signaling molecules and they are potential therapeutics for inflammatory lung diseases.
Multiparameter optimization method and enhanced production of secreted recombinant single-chain variable fragment against the HIV-1 P17 protein from<i>Escherichia coli</i>by fed-batch fermentation (2015)

The single-chain fragment variable (scFv) was used to produce a completely functional antigen-binding fragment in bacterial systems. The advancements in antibody engineering have simplified the method of producing Fv fragments and made it more efficient and generally relevant. In a previous study, the scFv anti HIV-1 P17 protein was produced by a batch production system, optimized by the sequential simplex optimization method. This study continued that work in order to enhance secreted scFv production by fed-batch cultivation, which supported high volumetric productivity and provided a large amount of scFvs for diagnostic and therapeutic research. The developments in cell culture media and process parameter settings were required to realize the maximum production of cells. This study investigated the combined optimization methods, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and sequential simplex optimization, with the aim of optimize feed medium. Fed-batch cultivation with an optimal feeding rate was determined. The result demonstrated that a 20-mL/hr feeding rate of the optimized medium can increase cell growth, total protein production, and scFv anti-p17 activity by 4.43, 1.48, and 6.5 times more than batch cultivation, respectively. The combined optimization method demonstrated novel power tools for the optimization strategy of multiparameter experiments.
Characterization of the organic-sulfur-degrading enzymes. Technical report, September 1, 1991--November 30, 1991 (1991)

The objective of the proposed research is to first characterize the enzymes involved in degrading organic sulfur in coal from some of the well-characterized organic sulfur-degrading strains. After the enzymes have been successfully purified, the genes encoding these enzymes will be cloned and the suitability of these microorganisms for recombinant manipulation will also be studied. Initially, the enzymes involved in the removal of organic sulfur from coal and from model compounds in two particular strains, IGTS8 and K3B, will be characterized and analyzed. The scope of the proposed study covers the following: (1) Characterization, purification, and partial sequence analysis of the enzymes involved in the removal of organic sulfur from coal. (2) Cloning of the genes encoding the organic sulfur-degrading enzymes from these two selected species in E. coli. (3) Sequence analysis of the cloned genes. (4) Attempting to clone and overexpress the organic sulfur degrading genes in their parent hosts as well as in other hosts.
Feasibility of interim positron emission tomography (PET)-adapted therapy in HIV-positive patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): a sub-analysis of SWOG S0816 Phase 2 trial (2016)

Malignancies represent the leading cause of death in patients infected with HIV.[1] Such individuals manifest increased incidence of both AIDS-defining cancers (e.g. Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin ...
Three dimensional mapping of strontium in bone by dual energy K-edge subtraction imaging (2012)

The bones of many terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, are continually altered through an internal process of turnover known as remodeling. This process plays a central role in bone adaptation and disease. The uptake of fluorescent tetracyclines within bone mineral is widely exploited as a means of tracking new tissue formation. While investigation of bone microarchitecture has undergone a dimensional shift from 2D to 3D in recent years, we lack a 3D equivalent to fluorescent labeling. In the current study we demonstrate the ability of synchrotron radiation dual energy K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging to map the 3D distribution of elemental strontium within rat vertebral samples. This approach has great potential for ex vivo analysis of preclinical models and human tissue samples. KES also represents a powerful tool for investigating the pharmokinetics of strontium-based drugs recently approved in many countries around the globe for the treatment of osteoporosis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Procedure for the N‐Functionalization of S‐Perfluoroalkylated Aryl Sulfoximines. (2013)

Abstract The title reaction is carried out with acid chlorides as reactants in the presence of base to give the corresponding functionalized amides.
Data for "Multi-Label Learning from Single Positive Labels" (CVPR 2021) (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data for "Multi-Label Learning from Single Positive Labels" (CVPR 2021).&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Analysis of Evolutionary Dynamics for Bidding Strategy Driven by Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (2021)

In this letter, the evolutionary game theory (EGT) with replication dynamic equations (RDEs) is adopted to explicitly determine the factors affecting energy providers’ (EPs) willingness of using the market power to uplift the price in the bidding procedure, which could be simulated using the win-or-learn-fast policy hill climbing (WoLF-PHC) algorithm as a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) method. Firstly, empirical and numerical connections between WoLF-PHC and RDEs is proved. Then, by formulating RDEs of the bidding procedure, three factors affecting the bidding strategy preference are revealed, including the load demand, severity of congestion, and the price cap. Finally, the impact of these factors on the converged bidding price is demonstrated in case studies, by simulating the bidding procedure driven by WoLF-PHC.
Expression of <i>sstr1</i> and <i>sstr2</i> in Rat Hypothalamus: Correlation with Receptor Binding and Distribution of Growth Hormone Regulatory Peptides (2007)

With the aim of elucidating the role of individual somatostatin receptors in the central control of growth hormone secretion, we have examined the distribution of sstr1 and sstr2 mRNAs in the hypothalamus of the adult rat by in situ hybridization using 35S-labelled antisense riboprobes. Both receptors were expressed strongly in the preoptic area, suprachiasmatic nucleus and arcuate nucleus. High sstr1, but low sstr2, expression was evident in the paraventricular and periventricular nuclei as well as in the ventral premammillary nucleus. Conversely, moderate to high sstr2, but low sstr1, mRNA levels were detected in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei and medial tuberal nucleus. Within the arcuate nucleus, the distribution of cells expressing sstr1 and sstr2 was comparable to that of neurons which bind somatostatin-14 selectively, one third of which have been documented to contain growth hormone-releasing hormone. Within the periventricular nucleus, the distribution of cells expressing sstr1 and, to a lesser extent, sstr2 was reminiscent of that of both [125I]somatostatin-labelled and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells. Taken together, these results imply a role for both sstr1 and sstr2 receptors in the central regulation of growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin secretion, and hence of growth hormone release, by somatostatin.
LCL filter design for three-phase two-level power factor correction using line impedance stabilization network (2016)

This paper presents LCL filter design method for three-phase two-level power factor correction (PFC) using line impedance stabilization network (LISN). A straightforward LCL filter design along with variation in grid impedance is not simply achievable and inevitably lead to an iterative solution for filter. By introducing of fast power switches for PFC applications such as silicon-carbide, major current harmonics around the switching frequency drops in the region that LISN can actively provide well-defined impedance for measuring the harmonics (i.e. 9 kHz– 30MHz). Therefore, LISN can be replaced with unknown grid impedance at high frequency, simplify the model of the filter, and provide repetitive measurements. In this paper, all the filter parameters are derived with analyzing the behavior of the converter at high frequency with presence of LISN impedance. The minimum required filter capacitor is derived using the current ripple behavior of converter-side inductor. The grid-side inductor is achieved as a function of LISN impedance to fulfill the grid regulation. To verify the analyses, an LCL filter is designed for a 5 kW SiC-based PFC. The simulation and experimental results support the validity of the method.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (2006)

If stature follows a Gaussian distribution, then the height between the 2 SD will constitute normal height (Fig. 1A). The individuals below 2 SD (or 2.25, 2.5, or 3 SD, all are arbitrary points) will be considered having short stature (Vol. 2; Chap. 1). if the reasons of the short stature in these children are unknown or the investigation does not reveal any pathology, these children are then labeled as ‘‘normal short child’’ (Fig. 1A).
Document expansion versus query expansion for ad-hoc retrieval (2005)

Abstract In document information retrieval, the terminology given by a user may not match the terminology of a relevant document. Query expansion seeks to address this mismatch; it can significantly increase effectiveness, but is slow and resource-intensive. We investigate the use of document expansion as an alternative, in which documents are augmented with related terms extracted from the corpus during indexing, and the overheads at query time are small. We propose and explore a range of corpus-based document expansion techniques and compare them to corpus-based query expansion on TREC data. These experiments show that document expansion delivers at best limited benefits, while query expansion – including standard techniques and efficient approaches described in recent work – delivers consistent gains. We conclude that document expansion is unpromising, but it is likely that the efficiency of query expansion can be further improved.
Role of small animal PET in stimulating the development of new radiopharmaceuticals in oncology (2007)

Nanni, Cristinaa; Rubello, Domenicob; Khan, Sameerc; Al-Nahhas, Adilc; Fanti, S.a Author Information
Silicon vs GaAs for personal communication RF ICs (1993)

Presents a summary on silicon versus GaAs for personal communication RF ICs. The panelists explain what level of performance is needed and why one technology is more suitable than the other.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carcinogenicity of the isomeric, N-nitroso-Δ<sup>3</sup>-and N-nitroso-Δ<sup>2</sup>-piperidines in rats and the <i>in vivo</i> isomerization of the Δ<sup>3</sup>to the Δ<sup>2</sup>-isomer (1980)

N-Nitroso-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (N-nitroso-delta3-piperidine), N-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (N-nitroso-delta2-piperidine) and N-nitroso-3,4-epoxypiperidine were tested for carcinogenicity in Fischer 344 rats. The unsaturated nitrosamines were administered in drinking water (100 mg/l). The epoxide was administered by gavage in corn oil (11.5 mg/ml, 0.2 ml twice a week). Both of the unsaturated nitrosamines were potent carcinogens (most of the animals died by the 35th week), and both produced many esophageal tumors, a property which they have in common with the parent compound, N-nitrosopiperidine. The spectrum of the other tumors formed, however, was different. The delta3-isomer produced hemangioendothelial sarcomas in the liver, which were absent in the tumor spectrum of the delta2-isomer and N-nitrosopiperidine. The delta2-isomer, on the other hand, produced tumors of the forestomach and the oropharynx, which were essentially absent in the rats treated with the delta3-isomer. N-nitroso-3,4-epoxypiperidine was a toxic compound (8 deaths in the first 5 weeks), but most of the remaining animals survived to 40 weeks. Of these, 8 animals died of induced tumors (esophagus and liver). The delta2- and the delta3-isomers were administered by gavage to groups of rats and the blood of these animals was withdrawn at timed intervals. Analysis of the serum revealed that both of the nitrosamines were cleared rapidly from circulation but that at the same time the delta3-isomer was being isomerized to the delta2. The reverse transformation did not occur in vivo.
Study of the Antiviral Activity of Adamantane-Containing Chemical Compounds (2022)

Influenza and coronavirus infections are especially dangerous due to being capable of causing pandemics and clinical complications in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, as well as exacerbation of chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic obstructive bronchopneumonia, etc.), which can cause delayed death, especially in children under two years of age, the elderly, and individuals with poor health. The aim of the study was to search for compounds effective against these two topical viruses which possess constant epidemic activity — influenza virus and betacoronavirus — among new adamantane derivatives containing a NO-donor fragment or a dopamine residue. Another purpose of the study was determination of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of compounds on cell lines permissive for influenza virus and betacoronavirus. The antiviral activity of 6 adamantane derivatives against strains of the influenza virus (H1N1) and betacoronavirus was studied. It was established that the NO-donor derivative of aminoadamantane succinate and the dopamine derivative of adamantanebenzoic acid had the greatest ability to suppress the development of the influenza virus with a chemotherapeutic index above 60. No promising compounds against betacoronavirus were identified.
The glucagon receptor antagonist BI‐32169 constitutes a new class of lasso peptides (2009)

The glucagon receptor antagonist BI-32169, recently isolated from Streptomyces sp., was described as a bicyclic peptide, although its primary structure comprises conserved elements of class I and class II lasso peptides. Tandem mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies revealed that BI-32169 is a lasso-structured peptide constituting the new class III of lasso peptides. The determined lasso fold opens new avenues to improve the promising biological activity of BI-32169.
Control of Morphological Differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) by Phosphorylation of MreC and PBP2 (2015)

During morphological differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), the sporogenic aerial hyphae are transformed into a chain of more than fifty spores in a highly coordinated manner. Synthesis of the thickened spore envelope is directed by the Streptomyces spore wall synthesizing complex SSSC which resembles the elongasome of rod-shaped bacteria. The SSSC includes the eukaryotic type serine/threonine protein kinase (eSTPK) PkaI, encoded within a cluster of five independently transcribed eSTPK genes (SCO4775-4779). To understand the role of PkaI in spore wall synthesis, we screened a S. coelicolor genomic library for PkaI interaction partners by bacterial two-hybrid analyses and identified several proteins with a documented role in sporulation. We inactivated pkaI and deleted the complete SCO4775-4779 cluster. Deletion of pkaI alone delayed sporulation and produced some aberrant spores. The five-fold mutant NLΔ4775-4779 had a more severe defect and produced 18% aberrant spores affected in the integrity of the spore envelope. Moreover, overbalancing phosphorylation activity by expressing a second copy of any of these kinases caused a similar defect. Following co-expression of pkaI with either mreC or pbp2 in E. coli, phosphorylation of MreC and PBP2 was demonstrated and multiple phosphosites were identified by LC-MS/MS. Our data suggest that elaborate protein phosphorylation controls activity of the SSSC to ensure proper sporulation by suppressing premature cross-wall synthesis.
Catalytic activities of mammalian epoxide hydrolases with cis and trans fatty acid epoxides relevant to skin barrier function (2018)

Lipoxygenase (LOX)-catalyzed oxidation of the essential fatty acid, linoleate, represents a vital step in construction of the mammalian epidermal permeability barrier. Analysis of epidermal lipids indicates that linoleate is converted to a trihydroxy derivative by hydrolysis of an epoxy-hydroxy precursor. We evaluated different epoxide hydrolase (EH) enzymes in the hydrolysis of skin-relevant fatty acid epoxides and compared the products to those of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. In the absence of enzyme, exposure to pH 5 or pH 6 at 37°C for 30 min hydrolyzed fatty acid allylic epoxyalcohols to four trihydroxy products. By contrast, human soluble EH [sEH (EPHX2)] and human or murine epoxide hydrolase-3 [EH3 (EPHX3)] hydrolyzed <i>cis</i> or <i>trans</i> allylic epoxides to single diastereomers, identical to the major isomers detected in epidermis. Microsomal EH [mEH (EPHX1)] was inactive with these substrates. At low substrate concentrations (<10 μM), EPHX2 hydrolyzed 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) at twice the rate of the epidermal epoxyalcohol, 9<i>R</i>,10<i>R</i>-<i>trans</i>-epoxy-11<i>E</i>-13<i>R</i>-hydroxy-octadecenoic acid, whereas human or murine EPHX3 hydrolyzed the allylic epoxyalcohol at 31-fold and 39-fold higher rates, respectively. These data implicate the activities of EPHX2 and EPHX3 in production of the linoleate triols detected as end products of the 12<i>R</i>-LOX pathway in the epidermis and implicate their functioning in formation of the mammalian water permeability barrier.
Strain‐Promoted Double Azide Addition to Octadehydrodibenzo[12]annulene Derivatives (2019)

Abstract Octadehydrodibenzo[12]annulenes (DBAs), readily available by the oxidative acetylenic coupling of 1,2‐diethynylbenzene derivatives, were reacted with organic azides. As compared to the well‐known strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (SpAAC) of 5,6,11,12‐tetradehydrodibenzo[ a , e ][8]annulene, the reactivity of the DBA alkynes was lower due to the lower strain energy. However, the regioselective double azide addition occurred without any side reactions under mild conditions, yielding bis‐triazole products. The structures of the products were confirmed by an X‐ray crystal structure analysis, and the reaction mechanism was studied by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy and computational studies. It was also found that the DBAs were hardly fluorescent, while the bis‐triazole products showed a green fluorescence with quantum yields up to 5.1 %. Finally, the new strain‐promoted double azide addition to the DBAs was used for step‐growth polymerization, successfully producing a high molecular weight triazole polymer.
<i>S</i>-Homoadenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-cysteine and <i>S</i>-Homoadenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-homocysteine. Synthesis and Binding Studies of Non-Hydrolyzed Substrate Analogues with <i>S</i>-Adenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-homocysteine Hydrolase<sup>1</sup> (2002)

Treatment of homoadenosine [9-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexofuranosyl)adenine] with thionyl chloride and pyridine in acetonitrile gave 6'-chloro-6'-deoxyhomoadenosine, which underwent nucleophilic displacement with L-cysteine or L-homocysteine to give homologated analogues of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. Each amino acid in aqueous sodium hydroxide at 60 degrees C gave excellent conversion from the chloronucleoside, and adsorption on Amberlite XAD-4 resin provided more convenient isolation than prior methods. Weak binding of these non-hydrolyzed analogues to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase was observed.
Effect of bile salts on the hydrolysis of gangliosides, glycoproteins and neuraminyl-lactose by the neuraminidase of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (1981)

Studies were done on the effect of bile salts on the rates of hydrolysis of the N-acetylneuraminyl linkages of several sialic acid-containing compounds by the neuraminidase of Clostridium perfringens. When GM3-ganglioside, two glycolipids (glycophorin and orosomucoid) and neuraminyl-lactose were used as substrates, hydrolysis was obtained even in the absence of bile salts, but addition of this detergent, below its critical micellar concentration, increased the reaction rates; above the critical micellar concentration of the detergent rates decreased again. When a second ganglioside, GM1, was used as substrate, the requirement for bile salts was absolute; hydrolysis was not observed at all without this detergent. With increasing concentrations of bile salt and in the presence of high concentrations of enzyme, rates of hydrolysis increased, reaching maximal values at fixed ratios of bile salt to GM1-ganglioside. Physical measurements showed that mixtures of bile salt and GM1-ganglioside form mixed micelles that have a higher critical micellar concentration, a lower molecular weight and greater axial ratio than the corresponding micelles of pure GM1-ganglioside.
Effect of including canola meal and supplemental iodine in diets of dairy cows on short-term changes in iodine concentrations in milk (2015)

The dietary requirement for iodine is based on thyroxine production, but data are becoming available showing potential improvements in hoof health when substantially greater amounts of I are fed. Feeding high amounts of I, however, can result in the milk having excessive concentrations of I. Canola meal contains goitrogenic compounds that reduce the transfer of I into milk. We hypothesized that including canola meal in diets would allow high supplementation rates of I without producing milk with unacceptable concentrations of I. Thirty midlactation Holstein cows were fed a diet with all supplemental protein from soybean meal (0% of diet dry matter as canola meal) or with all supplemental protein from canola meal (13.9% canola meal). A third treatment has a mix of soybean meal and canola meal (3.9% canola meal). Within canola-meal treatment, cows were fed 0.5 or 2.0mg of supplemental I per kilogram of diet dry matter from ethylenediamine dihydroiodide. Cows were maintained on the canola treatment for the duration of the experiment but were changed from one I treatment to the other after 13d of receiving the treatment. Milk I concentration before the treatments started (cows fed 0.5mg/kg of I) averaged 272μg/L and increased within 22h after cows were first fed diets with 2mg/kg of I. As inclusion rate of canola meal increased, the concentration of I in milk decreased linearly. After 12d of supplementation, milk from cows fed 0.5mg/kg of I had 358, 289, and 169μg of I/L for the 0, 3.9%, and 13.9% canola-meal treatments. For cows fed 2.0mg/kg of I, milk I concentrations were 733, 524, and 408μg/L, respectively. Concentrations of I in serum increased with increased I supplementation, but the effect of canola meal was opposite of what was observed for milk I. Cows fed the highest canola-meal diets had the highest serum I whether cows were fed 0.5 or 2.0mg/kg of I. Feeding dairy cows diets with 13.9% canola meal maintained milk I concentrations below 500μg/L when diets were supplemented with 2mg/kg of I.