gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lichen planus: a comprehensive evidence‐based analysis of medical treatment (2019)

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic-relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Although many drugs have been used for the management of LP, some of them lack the backup by strong therapeutic evidence, while others are not suitable for some patients due to safety profile issues. The aim of this study was to review the recent status of available medical therapies for LP to help physicians make better decisions upon best medical practice while facing patients with this condition. A review of published articles on management of LP was conducted with the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The quality of the evidence was graded as high, moderate, low or very low. A total of 1366 articles were retrieved, and 219 (16%) were included in the final analysis. Twenty-one different treatment modalities were analysed. The quality of evidence was high for topical steroid and calcineurin inhibitor, while it was moderate for oral steroids. All the other modalities reached low or very low quality of evidence. Topical steroids and calcineurin inhibitors are the current first-line therapies, while for other therapies the strength of recommendation is not so evident. Unfortunately, larger randomized, controlled trials to support the efficacy, safety and tolerability of other therapies in LP are lacking, and many of them are recommended based on studies with small sample sizes, lack of standardized outcome measures or lack of controlled duration or even in anecdotal evidence. Thus, large-scale randomized clinical trials are still warranted to establish the exact benefits of other topical treatments, phototherapy, immunosuppressant and new immunomodulators for an optimized treatment of LP.
Radiosensitization of Hs-766T Pancreatic Tumor Xenografts in Mice Dosed with Dodecafluoropentane Nano-Emulsion–Preliminary Findings (2014)

Tumor hypoxia is an important mediator of radiation therapy resistance. We conducted a study to investigate whether an oxygen therapeutic based upon dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) nano-emulsion (NVX-108) could increase tumor PO2 in hypoxic tumors and improve radiation response. Pancreatic (Hs-766T) tumor xenografts were grown in the flanks of 29 SCID mice. Direct tumor PO2 measurements were performed in 9 mice treated with 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6 cc/kg NVX-108 (2% w/vol DDFP) in order to assess the dose dependent increase in tumor PO2. Twenty mice were randomized into 3 groups including control (no treatment), carbogen breathing treated with 12 Gy radiation, and carbogen breathing treated with 12 Gy radiation and NVX-108 (0.6 cc/kg NVX-108 administered as 30 minute IV infusion at time of radiation). Tumor volume was monitored to assess treatment efficacy. Results showed that tumor PO2 increased in NVX-108 treated mice up to 400% with the greatest effect seen at the highest dose of 0.6 cc/kg. Tumor growth was significantly reduced in both treatment groups relative to controls (p < 0.0001). The combination of carbogen, radiation, and NVX-108 demonstrated a 2-fold reduction in average tumor volume compared to carbogen plus radiation treatment (p = 0.01). Further study of NVX-108 as a radiation sensitizer is warranted.
CHLOROPHYLL PHOTOSENSITIZED ELECTRON TRANSFER IN PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER VESICLE SYSTEMS: CORRELATIONS BETWEEN KINETIC PARAMETERS AND SOLUBILITIES OF VIOLOGEN ACCEPTORS * (1986)

Abstract— Twelve viologens (quaternary 4,4′‐bipyridinium ions) are investigated as electron acceptors in vesicle suspensions containing chlorophyll‐ a (Chl) using laser flash photolysis. The structures of the viologens, which determine how they and their reduced radicals partition between the water and bilayer membrane phases, are systematically varied in order to probe the effects of acceptor solubility on the kinetics of photosensitized electron transfer reactions. The effectiveness of the viologens as quenchers of the Chl triplet excited state increases as they become less soluble in water, because the viologens are more likely to be incorporated into the membrane, but the efficiency of radical formation decreases and the rate of the reverse electron transfer reaction increases. The data obtained with a homologous series of di‐alkyl viologens are analyzed quantitatively using a kinetic model which includes the partition coefficients of the viologens and their radicals. For the most part, the reactivities of the viologen species are proportional to their concentrations in the membrane phase, but the locations and mobilities of the viologens in the membrane phase also have to be considered. In order for the Chl and viologen radicals to separate efficiently. the viologen radical has to be able to diffuse from the membrane to the water phase at a rate that competes effectively with reverse electron transfer within the radical pair complex (&gt; 10 5 s −1 ).
Unexpected impact of RIE gases on lithographic films (2017)

Successful pattern transfer from the photoresist into the substrate depends on robust layers of lithographic films. Typically, an alternating sequence of inorganic (most often Si containing) and organic hardmask (HM) materials is used. Pattern transfer occurs then by using reactive ion etch (RIE) chemistry that is selective to one particular layer (such as: flurorinated RIE for Si HM). The impact of these RIE gases onto the layers acting as hardmask for the layer to be etched is typically neglected, except for known sputtering effects. We found that components of the RIE gases can penetrate deep into the “inert” layers and significantly modify them. For example, nitrogen used as component to etch spin-on carbon layers was found to travel up to 70 nm deep into Si HM materials and create layers with different material properties within this film. The question is being raised and discussed to which extent this atom implantation may impact the pattern transfer of the ever shrinking features.
The Benefit of Being Flexible in Distributed Computation (2017)

In wireless distributed computing, networked nodes perform intermediate computations over data placed in their memory and exchange these intermediate values to calculate function values. In this paper we consider an asymmetric setting where each node has access to a random subset of the data, i.e., we cannot control the data placement. The paper makes a simple point: we can realize significant benefits if we are allowed to be "flexible", and decide which node computes which function, in our system. We make this argument in the case where each function depends on only two of the data messages, as is the case in similarity searches. We establish a percolation in the behavior of the system, where, depending on the amount of observed data, by being flexible, we may need no communication at all.
Root Extracts From Ononis spinosa Inhibit IL-8 Release via Interactions With Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Lipopolysaccharide (2020)

Extracts from the roots of <i>Ononis spinosa</i> L. (restharrow roots) are traditionally used for the treatment of patients with urinary tract infections due to its mild diuretic activity, caused by the inhibition of renal human hyaluronidase-1 by isoflavonoids. Preliminary studies also indicated anti-inflammatory effects. The following study aimed at investigating potential anti-inflammatory effects of restharrow extracts, prepared with solvents of different polarity. A dichloromethane extract (OS1), mainly composed of isoflavonoids and triterpenes as characterized by LC-MS, showed a concentration-dependent (25-100 μg/ml) inhibition of IL-8 and TNF-α release from LPS-stimulated human neutrophils. Significant inhibition was also found for the triterpene α-onocerin and the norneolignan clitorienolactone B, isolated from OS1. Further, OS1 and both compounds significantly decreased the expression of the adhesion molecules CD11b/CD18 and conversely increased the expression of CD62L in LPS-stimulated human neutrophils. This finding corresponds to a reduced inflammatory response by the inhibition of adhesion and migration of immune cells. As all of the observed effects are potentially mediated <i>via</i> Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, TLR4 transfected HEK293 cells were incubated with OS1. LPS-induced IL-8 secretion was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, confirming TLR4 antagonism. This inhibition, however, was in part caused by an interaction of OS1 with LPS. In addition, also an aqueous extract containing high amounts of isoflavonoid glycosides and saponins from the roots of <i>O. spinosa</i> showed anti-inflammatory effects by interacting with the TLR4 signaling pathway. This study rationalizes the traditional use of extracts from <i>O. spinosa</i> for therapy of urinary tract infections, due to its potential anti-inflammatory effects that are mediated <i>via</i> TLR4 receptor antagonism.
Acceleration of Trading System Backend with FPGAs using High Level Synthesis Flow (2022)

&lt;p&gt;The Orders/second and latencies of Order Processing with software obtained from a Stock Exchange&lt;/p&gt;
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NUMERICAL APPROXIMATIONS FOR SOLVING THE SMOLUCHOWSKI COAGULATION EQUATION (2018)

In this work, numerical approximations for solving the one dimensional Smoluchowski coagulation equation on non-uniform meshes has been analyzed. Among the various available numerical methods, finite volume and sectional methods have explicit advantage such as mass conservation and an accurate prediction of different order moments. Here, a recently developed efficient finite volume scheme (Singh et al., 2015) and the cell average technique (Kumar et al., 2006) are compared. The numerical comparison is established for both analytically tractable as well as physically relevant kernels. It is concluded that the finite volume scheme predicts both number density as well as different order moments with higher accuracy than the cell average technique. Moreover, the finite volume scheme is computationally less expensive than the cell average technique.
Zero Current Switching Switched-Capacitors Balancing Circuit for Energy Storage Cell Equalization and Its Associated Hybrid Circuit with Classical Buck-Boost (2019)

To overcome the problem of switching loss during the balancing process, a novel cell balancing circuit is proposed with the integration of a zero current switching technique. Moreover, the balancing circuit proposed can change between a classical buck-boost pattern and a resonant switched-capacitor pattern with flexible control to cater to the balancing requirements under different driving scenarios. The results of the simulation of field experiments demonstrate successful balancing, various balancing speed, and low energy loss. The proposed balancing circuit proves to be effective for a wide range of application and is the first attempt to integrate a dual balancing function in a single balancing circuit for cells.
A robotic, compact, and extremely high resolution optical spectrograph for a close-in super-Earth survey (2014)

One of the most astonishing results from the HARPS and Kepler planet surveys is the recent discovery of close-in super-Earths orbiting more than half of FGKM dwarfs. This new population of exoplanets represents the most dominant class of planetary systems known to date, is totally unpredicted by the classical core-accretion disk planet formation model. High cadence and high precision Doppler spectroscopy is the key to characterize properties of this new population and constrain planet formation models. A new robotic, compact high resolution optical spectrograph, called TOU (formerly called EXPERT-III), was commissioned at the Automatic Spectroscopic Telescope (AST) at Fairborn Observatory in Arizona in July 2013 and has produced a spectral resolution of about 100,000 and simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.38-0.9 &mu;m with a 4kx4k back-illuminated Fairchild CCD detector. The instrument holds a very high vacuum of 1 micro torr and about 2 mK temperature stability over a month. The early on-sky RV measurements show that this instrument is approaching a Doppler precision of 1 m/s (rms) for bright reference stars (such as Tau Ceti) with 5 min exposures and better than 3 m/s (P-V, RMS~1 m/s) daily RV stability before calibration exposures are applied. A pilot survey of 20 V&lt;9 FGK dwarfs, including known super-Earth systems and known RV stable stars, is being launched and every star will be observed ~100 times over ~300 days time window between this summer and next spring, following up with a full survey of ~150 V&lt; 10 FGKM dwarfs in 2015-2017.
A Genome-Wide Search for Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Genes in West Africans (2004)

The incidence of type 2 diabetes is growing rapidly, not only in developed countries but also worldwide. We chose to study type 2 diabetes in West Africa, where diabetes is less common than in the U.S., reasoning that in an environment where calories are less abundant, incident cases of type 2 diabetes might carry a proportionately greater genetic component. Through the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study, we carried out a genome-wide linkage analysis of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of 343 affected sibling pairs (691 individuals) enrolled from five West African centers in two countries (Ghana: Accra and Kumasi; Nigeria: Enugu, Ibadan, and Lagos). A total of 390 polymorphic markers were genotyped, and multipoint linkage analysis was conducted using the GENEHUNTER-PLUS and ASM programs. Suggestive evidence of linkage was observed in four regions on three chromosomes (12, 19, and 20). The two largest logarithm of odds scores of 2.63 and 1.92 for chromosomes 20q13.3 and 12q24, respectively, are particularly interesting because these regions have been reported to harbor diabetes susceptibility genes in several other populations and ethnic groups. Given the history of forced migration of West African populations during the slave trade, these results should have considerable relevance to the study of type 2 diabetes in African Americans.
PTP1B-dependent regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling by the actin-binding protein Mena (2015)

During breast cancer progression, alternative mRNA splicing produces functionally distinct isoforms of Mena, an actin regulator with roles in cell migration and metastasis. Aggressive tumor cell subpopulations express Mena(INV), which promotes tumor cell invasion by potentiating EGF responses. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Here we report that Mena associates constitutively with the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B and mediates a novel negative feedback mechanism that attenuates receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. On EGF stimulation, complexes containing Mena and PTP1B are recruited to the EGFR, causing receptor dephosphorylation and leading to decreased motility responses. Mena also interacts with the 5' inositol phosphatase SHIP2, which is important for the recruitment of the Mena-PTP1B complex to the EGFR. When Mena(INV) is expressed, PTP1B recruitment to the EGFR is impaired, providing a mechanism for growth factor sensitization to EGF, as well as HGF and IGF, and increased resistance to EGFR and Met inhibitors in signaling and motility assays. In sum, we demonstrate that Mena plays an important role in regulating growth factor-induced signaling. Disruption of this attenuation by Mena(INV) sensitizes tumor cells to low-growth factor concentrations, thereby increasing the migration and invasion responses that contribute to aggressive, malignant cell phenotypes.
Price of Fairness in Budget Division and Probabilistic Social Choice (2020)

A group of agents needs to divide a divisible common resource (such as a monetary budget) among several uses or projects. We assume that agents have approval preferences over projects, and their utility is the fraction of the budget spent on approved projects. If we maximize utilitarian social welfare, the entire budget will be spent on a single popular project, even if a substantial fraction of the agents disapprove it. This violates the individual fair share axiom (IFS) which requires that for each agent, at least 1/n of the budget is spent on approved projects. We study the price of imposing such fairness axioms on utilitarian social welfare. We show that no division rule satisfying IFS can guarantee to achieve more than an O(1/√m) fraction of maximum utilitarian welfare, in the worst case. However, imposing stronger group fairness conditions (such as the core) does not come with an increased price, since both the conditional utilitarian rule and the Nash rule match this bound and guarantee an Ώ(1/√m) fraction. The same guarantee is attained by the rule under which the spending on a project is proportional to its approval score. We also study a family of rules interpolating between the utilitarian and the Nash rule, quantifying a trade-off between welfare and group fairness. An experimental analysis by sampling using several probabilistic models shows that the conditional utilitarian rule achieves very high welfare on average.
Laser terahertz emission microscopy for silicon electronics (2022)

Terahertz (THz) emission from the silicon (Si) surface by the femtosecond laser illumination shows a lot of information, known as the THz emission spectroscopy (TES) or the laser-induced THz emission microscope (LTEM), which seems to be the promising method for evaluating the surface/interface properties of Si-based devices, such as Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (Si MOS) structure. To enlarge the application and explore silicon electronics, it is necessary to build a theoretical model, which can accurately and simply describe the relationship between the THz emission amplitude and the external bias voltage on the Si MOS structure. Here, we focus on the THz emission spectrum from the p-type Si MOS structure and discuss the THz emission field under different DC bias conditions. The theoretical model is derived from Poisson’s equation and shows great consistency with the experiment results. Besides that, the flat-band voltage, interface trap states, and photo-Dember effect have been discussed to modify the model.
<i>PIK3CA</i> C2 Domain Deletions Hyperactivate Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Generate Oncogene Dependence, and Are Exquisitely Sensitive to PI3K <b>α</b> Inhibitors (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> We describe herein a novel P447_L455 deletion in the C2 domain of <i>PIK3CA</i> in a patient with an ER<sup>+</sup> breast cancer with an excellent response to the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib. Although <i>PIK3CA</i> deletions are relatively rare, a significant portion of deletions cluster within amino acids 446-460 of the C2 domain, suggesting these residues are critical for p110α function.<b>Experimental Design:</b> A computational structural model of <i>PIK3CA</i><sup>delP447-L455</sup> in complex with the p85 regulatory subunit and MCF10A cells expressing <i>PIK3CA</i><sup>delP447-L455</sup> and <i>PIK3CA</i><sup>H450_P458del</sup> were used to understand the phenotype of C2 domain deletions.<b>Results:</b> Computational modeling revealed specific favorable inter-residue contacts that would be lost as a result of the deletion, predicting a significant decrease in binding energy. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed reduced binding of the C2 deletion mutants with p85 compared with wild-type p110α. The MCF10A cells expressing <i>PIK3CA</i> C2 deletions exhibited growth factor-independent growth, an invasive phenotype, and higher phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, and S6 compared with parental MCF10A cells. All these changes were ablated by alpelisib treatment.<b>Conclusions:</b> C2 domain deletions in <i>PIK3CA</i> generate PI3K dependence and should be considered biomarkers of sensitivity to PI3K inhibitors. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1426-35. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Synthesis and Antitumour Evaluation of 4-Bromophenyl Semicarbazones (2011)

4-Bromophenyl semicarbazone derivatives have been synthesized and their chemical structures have been confirmed by means of their IR, 1H-NMR data and by elemental analyses. The in vitro evaluation in the 3-cell line, one dose primary anticancer assay is described. The 4-bromo substituted p-nitrobenzylidene phenyl semicarbazone (5) showed significant activity against breast MCF7 cell line and was further evaluated for potential anticancer activity in an in vitro human disease-oriented tumour cell line screening panel that consisted of 59 human tumour cell lines arranged in nine subpanels, representing diverse histologies. Melanoma UACC-62 cell line was relatively more sensitive to compounds 5 (growth inhibitions: GI50 = 15.3 mumol/l).
Capsaicinoids Production and Accumulation in Epidermal Cells on the Internal Side of the Fruit Pericarp in ‘Bhut Jolokia’ (&lt;i&gt;Capsicum chinense&lt;/i&gt;) (2017)

Capsaicinoids are pungent components that are produced only in the genus Capsicum. These functional compounds are produced in chili pepper fruits and have health benefits for humans. A high capsaicinoid level is one of the major parameters determining the commercial quality and health-promoting properties of chili peppers. Several reports have indicated that capsaicinoids are produced in the interlocular septum of chili pepper fruits. Microscopic analyses show that there are morphological changes in epidermal cells in the interlocular septum during the capsaicinoid-biosynthesis stages of fruit development. Epidermal cells containing capsaicinoids in the interlocular septum had an elongated shape. Recently, it was reported that capsaicinoids and transcripts of genes encoding enzymes involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis were present in the fruit pericarp of extremely pungent chili cultivars. However, the morphological changes in epidermal cells in pericarp tissue had not been reported. In this study, microscopic analyses of the fruit of Capsicum chinense cv. ‘Bhut Jolokia,’ an extremely pungent chili pepper variety, revealed elongated epidermal cells secreting capsaicinoids on the inside surface of the pericarp.
A novel gene, AF-1p, fused to HRX in t(1;11)(p32;q23), is not related to AF-4, AF-9 nor ENL. (1994)

Most of the translocations affecting the chromosome band 11q23, frequently seen in human acute leukemias, involve a restricted area of the HRX gene. We have characterized two t(1;11)(p32;q11) translocations which fuse the HRX gene to a novel gene, AF-1p on chromosome 1p32, in two myeloid leukemias. The der (11) chromosome expresses the 1368 N-terminal amino acids of HRX, including the AT-hook, snRNP and methyltransferase similarities, fused to almost all the AF-1p product. The predicted wild type AF-1p product is a 98 kDa acidic protein which does not exhibit similarity to the AF-4, AF-9 and ENL gene products. It is highly similar to the murine eps 15 gene product, which encodes a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein. Our data indicate that AF-1p defines another class of genes fused to HRX in 11q23 abnormalities.
The Importance of the Biological Impact of Exposure to the Concept of the Exposome (2016)

Dennis KK, Auerbach SS, Balshaw DM, Cui Y, Fallin MD, Smith MT, Spira A, Sumner S, Miller GW. 2016. The importance of the biological impact of exposure to the concept of the exposome. Environ Health Perspect 124:1504-1510; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP140.