gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Switching Optical Modulator Based on Dual Frequency Nematic Cell (2004)

We demonstrate a fast optical modulator capable of switching large amount of optical retardation(a few microns)in less than 1 ms. The result is achieved by employing a dual frequency nematic in cells with high pre-tilt alignment and by providing a special addressing scheme that features amplitude and frequency modulated voltage. We explore the effect of surface alignment and dielectric heating on the switching time. We also report the measurements of dielectric permittivities and crossover frequency of dual frequency nematic.
Everyone comes from somewhere: Systemic lupus erythematosus and Epstein‐Barr virus induction of host interferon and humoral anti–Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen 1 immunity (2010)

As surely as we can infer that all progeny have had parents, we can be confident that the diseases at present thought to be “idiopathic” have origins in the differential effects of environment and genetics that await discovery.
Erratum: “A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo” (2021, ApJ, 909, 218) (2021)

[no abstract available]
Insertion site specificity of the transposon Tn3 (1995)

The Tn3-deletion method [Davies and Hutchison, Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 5731-5738, (1991)] was used to sequence a 9.4 kb DNA fragment. Transpositional 'warm' spots were not a limiting factor but a 935 bp 'cold' spot was completed using a synthetic oligonucleotide primer. Two hundred and twenty three miniTn3 insertion sites from three sequencing projects were aligned and a 19 bp asymmetric consensus site was identified. There is no absolute sequence requirement at any position in this consensus, so insertion occurs promiscuously (approximately 37% of sites are potential targets). In our sequencing projects, multiply targeted sites always closely matched the consensus, although not all close matches were targeted frequently. The 935 bp cold spot showed no unusual features when analysed with the consensus sequence. The consensus can be used to accurately predict likely insertion sites in a new sequence. Synthetic oligonucleotides based on the consensus and a known hot spot for Tn3 were mutagenised. These sequences were not hot spots in our vectors, suggesting that the primary sequence alone is not sufficient to create an insertional hot spot. We conclude that some other factor, such as DNA secondary structure, also plays an important role in target site selection for the transposon Tn3.
En Bloc Resection Versus Intralesional Surgery in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of the Spine (2017)

3.
Investigation of a dynamics-oriented engineering approach to ultraprecision machining of freeform surfaces and its implementation perspectives (2021)

In current precision and ultraprecision machining practice, the positioning and control of actuation systems, such as slideways and spindles, are heavily dependent on the use of linear or rotary encoders. However, positioning control is passive because of the lack of direct monitoring and control of the tool and workpiece positions in the dynamic machining process and also because it is assumed that the machining system is rigid and the cutting dynamics are stable. In ultraprecision machining of freeform surfaces using slow tool servo mode in particular, however, account must be taken of the machining dynamics and dynamic synchronization of the cutting tool and workpiece positioning. The important question also arises as to how ultraprecision machining systems can be designed and developed to work better in this application scenario. In this paper, an innovative dynamics-oriented engineering approach is presented for ultraprecision machining of freeform surfaces using slow tool servo mode. The approach is focused on seamless integration of multibody dynamics, cutting forces, and machining dynamics, while targeting the positioning and control of the tool–workpiece loop in the machining system. The positioning and motion control between the cutting tool and workpiece surface are further studied in the presence of interfacial interactions at the tool tip and workpiece surface. The interfacial cutting physics and dynamics are likely to be at the core of in-process monitoring applicable to ultraprecision machining systems. The approach is illustrated using a virtual machining system developed and supported with simulations and experimental trials. Furthermore, the paper provides further explorations and discussion on implementation perspectives of the approach, in combination with case studies, as well as discussing its fundamental and industrial implications.
Skeletal Muscle Ventricles with Efferent Valved Homograft (1993)

Skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs) were constructed from the latissimus dorsi muscle in seven beagles. Following 3 weeks of vascular delay and 6 weeks of electrical conditioning, the SMVs were connected in series with the thoracic aorta using a valved aortic homograft for the efferent limb. The SMVs were stimulated to contract synchronously during diastole. Effective aortic diastolic counterpulsation was achieved in all dogs, with an average 24.2% +/- 15.3% improvement in diastolic pressure. In two animals surviving beyond 3 months, increase in SMV function was noted over time. Appropriate aortic homograft valve function was documented by echocardiogram. Acute reversible heart failure was induced with propranolol in one dog alive after 126 days. A 61.3% reduction in cardiac output and a 37.6% reduction in mean arterial blood pressure were achieved. During profound low cardiac output, SMV stimulation with 33 Hz and 50 Hz improved cardiac output by 16.9% and 17.8%, improved the tension time index by 14.9% and 16.1%, and improved the endocardial viability ratio by 34.1% and 34.1%, respectively. These results again demonstrate the long-term effectiveness of SMVs as aortic counterpulsators. A valve in the efferent limb of the SMV system functions appropriately over time and may improve the efficiency of the system.
Oral immune therapy: targeting the systemic immune system via the gut immune system for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2016)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with an altered systemic immune response leading to inflammation-mediated damage to the gut and other organs. Oral immune therapy is a method of systemic immune modulation via alteration of the gut immune system. It uses the inherit ability of the innate system of the gut to redirect the systemic innate and adaptive immune responses. Oral immune therapy is an attractive clinical approach to treat autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. It can induce immune modulation without immune suppression, has minimal toxicity and is easily administered. Targeting the systemic immune system via the gut immune system can serve as an attractive novel therapeutic method for IBD. This review summarizes the current data and discusses several examples of oral immune therapeutic methods for using the gut immune system to generate signals to reset systemic immunity as a treatment for IBD.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Intermolecular Stetter Reaction of Glycoxamide and Alkylidene Ketoamides. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Integrative analyses reveal signaling pathways underlying familial breast cancer susceptibility (2016)

The signaling events that drive familial breast cancer (FBC) risk remain poorly understood. While the majority of genomic studies have focused on genetic risk variants, known risk variants account for at most 30% of FBC cases. Considering that multiple genes may influence FBC risk, we hypothesized that a pathway-based strategy examining different data types from multiple tissues could elucidate the biological basis for FBC. In this study, we performed integrated analyses of gene expression and exome-sequencing data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and showed that cell adhesion pathways are significantly and consistently dysregulated in women who develop FBC. The dysregulation of cell adhesion pathways in high-risk women was also identified by pathway-based profiling applied to normal breast tissue data from two independent cohorts. The results of our genomic analyses were validated in normal primary mammary epithelial cells from high-risk and control women, using cell-based functional assays, drug-response assays, fluorescence microscopy, and Western blotting assays. Both genomic and cell-based experiments indicate that cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion processes seem to be disrupted in non-malignant cells of women at high risk for FBC and suggest a potential role for these processes in FBC development.
Highly birefringent photonic bandgap Bragg fiber loop mirror for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature (2011)

A highly birefringent photonic bandgap Bragg fiber loop mirror configuration for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature is proposed. The group birefringence and the sharp loss peaks are observable in the spectral response. Because the sensing head presents different sensitivities for strain and temperature measurands, these physical parameters can be discriminated by using the matrix method. It should be noted that this Bragg fiber presents high sensitivity to temperature, of ∼5.75 nm/°C, due to the group birefringence variation. The rms deviations obtained are ±19.32 με and ±0.5 °C, for strain and temperature measurements, respectively.
ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Distribuição Espacial de Dilobopterus costalimai Young (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) em Citros na Região de Taquaritinga, SP (2002)

Dilobopterus costalimai Young is one of the most important pests in Brazilian citrus crop because it transmits Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium that causes Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC). We studied the spatial distribution of the insect, in order to develop a sampling plan to determine the proper moment to control the pest. D. costalimai was collected fortnightly, between 11/1999 until 4/ 2000, in a thirteen-year-old citrus orchard, where no insecticide was sprayed against this insect. Thirteen samples were performed in a grid of 100 yellow sticky traps (10 x 25 cm) in Taquaritinga County, Sao Paulo State. The variance of the sampling was higher than the mean in all samplings, with index ratio variance/mean (I) between 1.07 and 2.90, Morisita index between 1.07 and 1.57, k exponent of negative binomial distribution between 1.56 and 14.79. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test to Poisson distribution were not significant in seven samplings, however adjust to negative binomial were not significant in all samplings. The index b of Taylors Power Law was 1.3054, thus showing an aggregated distribution for this species in the field.
1124-P: SGLT2 Inhibitors as Adjuvant Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes: An Italian Center Experience (2020)

Background and Aim: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective in improving glycemic control in both type 2 (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite dapaglifozin has been recently approved as an adjunctive therapy in T1D, its use is still limited due to the increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in combination with insulin in poorly controlled T1D patients. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, data from 46 adults [M/F 29/17] affected by T1D treated with insulin plus dapaglifozin were collected. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c), anthropometrics, insulin daily requirement and time in range (TIR) were studied at baseline, 3 and 6 months after starting of treatment. Results: At baseline, mean ± SD age was 32.7 ± 10.2 years, disease duration was 21.4 ± 9.3 years, A1c was 8.3 % ± 1.6. Insulin daily requirement was 0.9 ± 0.38 UI/Kg, whereas BMI was 26.7 ± 1.6 Kg/m2. After 6 months, Dapaglifozin 5 mg/day had significantly decreased A1c levels (change [Δ] -0.86%, p &amp;lt; 0.01), body weight (Δ -2.5 kg, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and insulin daily requirement (Δ -0.17 UI/kg, p &amp;lt; 0.01) from baseline. Moreover, in a subgroup of patients (n=16) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, statistically significant improvement of TIR (Δ +9%, p &amp;lt; 0.01) has been observed, while time spent in hypoglycaemia did not change. No significant changes in C-peptide levels was observed (p = 0.09). No serious adverse events occurred during the study period. Discontinuation (10%) was mainly related to genitourinary infections, polyuria or limited effectiveness perceived. Conclusion: Our real world experience confirms clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors as an adjunctive therapy in poorly controlled T1D patients, ameliorating overall glycometabolic control as well as glycemic variability. Clinical characterization and proper education remain essential in order to identify the right candidate and to minimize DKA risk. Disclosure S. Pieralice: None. D. Tuccinardi: None. S. Kyanvash: None. D. Maggi: None. L. Monte: None. S. Briganti: None. S. Manfrini: None. P. Pozzilli: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Medtronic, Sanofi.
Predicting gestational age using neonatal metabolic markers (2015)

The newborn metabolic profile, as derived from routine newborn screening markers, is an accurate method for estimating gestational age. In small-for-gestational age neonates, the newborn metabolic model predicts gestational age to a better degree than newborn weight alone. Newborn metabolic screening is a potentially effective method for population surveillance of preterm birth in the absence of prenatal ultrasound measurements or newborn weight.
Identification of some important metabolites of boldenone in urine and feces of cattle by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry† (1998)

17 alpha-Boldenone (17 alpha-BOL) and/or 17 beta-boldenone (17 beta-BOL) appear occasionally in fecal matter of cattle. In addition to 17 alpha-BOL, a whole array of boldenone related substances can be found in the same samples. In vitro experiments with microsomal liver preparations and isolated hepatocytes combined with the excretion profiles found in urine and feces samples of in vivo experiments made it possible to identify several metabolites of 17 beta-BOL in 17 beta-BOL positive feces samples. In one animal treated with 17 beta-BOL, no 17 beta-BOL or its metabolites were present before treatment and most of these compounds disappeared gradually in time after the treatment was stopped. It is not clear what the origin is of 17 alpha-BOL and boldenone metabolites in samples screened routinely for the abuse of anabolic steroids and considered to be 'negative' because of the absence of 17 beta-BOL since other workers showed some evidence that 17 alpha-BOL can be of endogenous origin. However, in our hands, most of these 17 alpha-BOL positive samples, obtained during routinely performed screenings of cattle, contained large amounts of delta 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AED), which normally is absent from routinely screened negative samples. Furthermore, AED was absent in all samples obtained from the animals treated with 17 beta-BOL. We have no direct evidence that 17 alpha-BOL or 17 beta-BOL is of endogenous origin.
Neurophysiological and behavioral study of olfaction in an invasive hornet (2014)

The yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina, was accidentally introduced from China to Europe (France) before 2004.As this hornet is well adapted to the West European climate, it extends its territory each year and now shows high population densities throughout invaded areas (France since 2004, Spain since 2010, Belgium and Portugal since 2011).To feed their larvae with proteins, hornets prey on numerous insect species, but feed predominantly from honeybee colonies.Western Europe previously harbored only one hornet species, Vespa crabro, which never represented a strong threat to honeybee colonies due to its solitary hunting strategy.European bees Apis mellifera are thus not able to protect their colonies from the cooperative predation strategy of the yellow-legged hornet.For this reason, hornet predation is becoming a major problem in Europe and methods for limiting Vespa velutina populations are needed.Olfaction plays a key role in the biology and predatory behavior of hornets.One promising strategy for controlling hornets would be to interfere with their olfactory behavior using specific olfactory baits.We therefore first investigated with neuroanatomical methods, the organization of the olfactory system in the different castes of Vespa velutina aiming to understand its intraspecific communication system.By coupling fluorescent dye injections and confocal microscopy, we described hornet's brain and olfactory system, with a special emphasis on the first olfactory relay, the antennal lobe.Our results identify promising structures for studying sexual pheromone processing in hornet males and revealed remarkable anatomical similarities between ant and hornet antennal lobes.Next, we tested hornet workers' attraction toward honeybee hive components and honeybee-emitted odorants in a multiple-choice test.The results reveal strong and specific attraction of hornets towards hive products, paving the way for the development of efficient trapping strategies.
Dynamic reconfiguration of distributed arithmetic controllers: design space exploration and trade-off analysis (2004)

Summary form only given. This work explores various solutions to implement an application using runtime reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The example is a mechatronic control system which has to adapt its behavior from time to time. Our model is a task-graph where every task is associated with an hardware module characterized by its required FPGA resource and its execution time. We propose various mappings of the tasks onto the FPGA. For the implementation of the tasks themselves the computation technique known as distributed arithmetic is used. We achieve numerous alternatives with different resource consumptions and execution times for every task. We estimate these characteristics and compare them to synthesis results. The received values are used to get the characteristics of the over-all system. The results show that the optimal mapping depends on the application timing constrains, on the complexity of the tasks as well as on the reconfiguration speed of the used FPGA.
Radiation induced noise in x-ray imagers for high-yield inertial confinement fusion experiments (2011)

The large fluence of 14-MeV neutrons produced in high-yield inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments creates a variety of backgrounds in x-ray imagers viewing the implosion. Secondary charged particles produce background light by Cherenkov emission, phosphor screen excitation and possibly scintillation in the optical components of the imager. In addition, radiation induced optical absorption may lead to attenuation of the signal. Noise is also produced directly in the image recorder itself (CCD or film) via energy deposition by electrons and heavy charged particles such as protons and alphas. We will present results from CCD background measurements and compare them to Monte Carlo calculations. In addition we show measurements of luminescence and long-term darkening for some of the glasses employed in imagers.
Tumour Necrosis Factors (2001)

Abstract The cytokine tumour necrosis factor is a major mediator of natural immunity and is thus a potent stimulus for many inflammatory and immune functions of the body.
Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

Leflunomide (Arava), Aventis Pharmaceuticals) is an immunomodulating drug that interferes with the metabolism of pyrimidine by inhibiting dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHO-DH) in mitochondria, thereby blocking T- and B cell proliferation. Antibody production is also affected by DHO-DH blockade. Other immunomodulatory effects of leflunomide have also been reported. Symptomatic and structural effects of leflunomide in active rheumatoid arthritis have been strictly evaluated by double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled studies that were aimed at validating its use in rheumatoid arthritis. Further trials are now required to confirm efficacy and safety of this drug in combination with other agents.
Genomic and Genetic Insights Into a Cosmopolitan Fungus, Paecilomyces variotii (Eurotiales) (2018)

Species in the genus <i>Paecilomyces</i>, a member of the fungal order Eurotiales, are ubiquitous in nature and impact a variety of human endeavors. Here, the biology of one common species, <i>Paecilomyces variotii</i>, was explored using genomics and functional genetics. Sequencing the genome of two isolates revealed key genome and gene features in this species. A striking feature of the genome was the two-part nature, featuring large stretches of DNA with normal GC content separated by AT-rich regions, a hallmark of many plant-pathogenic fungal genomes. These AT-rich regions appeared to have been mutated by repeat-induced point (RIP) mutations. We developed methods for genetic transformation of <i>P. variotii</i>, including forward and reverse genetics as well as crossing techniques. Using transformation and crossing, RIP activity was identified, demonstrating for the first time that RIP is an active process within the order Eurotiales. A consequence of RIP is likely reflected by a reduction in numbers of genes within gene families, such as in cell wall degradation, and reflected by growth limitations on <i>P. variotii</i> on diverse carbon sources. Furthermore, using these transformation tools we characterized a conserved protein containing a domain of unknown function (DUF1212) and discovered it is involved in pigmentation.
Motor neuroprosthesis implanted with neurointerventional surgery improves capacity for activities of daily living tasks in severe paralysis: first in-human experience (2020)

We describe the first-in-human experience of a minimally invasive, fully implanted, wireless, ambulatory motor neuroprosthesis using an endovascular stent-electrode array to transmit electrocorticography signals from the motor cortex for multiple command control of digital devices in two participants with flaccid upper limb paralysis.
Large-Scale Low-Rank Matrix Learning with Nonconvex Regularizers (2018)

Low-rank modeling has many important applications in computer vision and machine learning. While the matrix rank is often approximated by the convex nuclear norm, the use of nonconvex low-rank regularizers has demonstrated better empirical performance. However, the resulting optimization problem is much more challenging. Recent state-of-the-art requires an expensive full SVD in each iteration. In this paper, we show that for many commonly-used nonconvex low-rank regularizers, the singular values obtained from the proximal operator can be automatically threshold. This allows the proximal operator to be efficiently approximated by the power method. We then develop a fast proximal algorithm and its accelerated variant with inexact proximal step. It can be guaranteed that the squared distance between consecutive iterates converges at a rate of $O(1/T)$O(1/T), where $T$T is the number of iterations. Furthermore, we show the proposed algorithm can be parallelized, and the resultant algorithm achieves nearly linear speedup w.r.t. the number of threads. Extensive experiments are performed on matrix completion and robust principal component analysis. Significant speedup over the state-of-the-art is observed.