gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reply to U. Dührsen et al (2010)

In their letter, Duhrsen et al disagree with our conclusion that in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma, the presence of tumor cells in blood or bone marrow, as detected by BCL2/IgH major break point region (MBR) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at the end of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone induction therapy, is not predictive of progression-free survival (PFS). Their major argument is that we have compared inappropriate groups because the BCL2/IgH MBR–negative group might have contained patients with tumor cells in blood or bone marrow that have escaped detection because they have t(14;18) with a break point outside the MBR. On the basis of cited literature, they mention that up to 50% of t(14;18) patients have break points outside the MBR, whereas in fact, this figure is 32%. Nevertheless, regardless of the exact frequency of BCL2/ IgHMBRpositivityamongpatientswitht(14;18), intheDiscussionofour article, we already have addressed rather extensively the issue raised by Duhrsen et al. At present, we are in the process of performing an additional minor break point region PCR analysis to further corroborate our conclusions. However, when we restricted our analysis to the group with initial BCL2/IgH MBR–positive results in blood and/or bone marrow, we found no difference in PFS between patients who converted from PCR positive to PCR negative and patients who remained PCR positive. This was true for both bone marrow and peripheral blood. This observation, which was mentioned in our article under Results, strongly supports the conclusion that in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma, the BCL2/IgH status in peripheral blood and bone marrow at the end of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone induction therapy is not predictive for PFS.
A novel method for perceptual assessment of small room acoustics using rapid sensory analysis (2016)

Identifying and perceptually characterizing the physical properties of rooms is a fundamental step in understanding the acoustical qualities of a space. Over the last century, numerous studies have investigated the perceptual qualities in performance spaces, such as opera houses and concert halls. In smaller spaces, such as domestic environments, the research focus has been primarily steered toward sound reproduction within a room, rather than the transmission medium, the room. In this study, a new methodology is used to perceptually assess and characterize a range of acoustical properties within small rooms and car cabins. In-situ measurements were performed to obtain a range of possible acoustical settings, by varying physically the spaces under investigation. The measured responses were spatially analyzed and synthesized to reproduce the observed fields in the laboratory. Expert listeners were presented with auralized sound over a loudspeaker array and followed a rapid sensory analysis protocol. The elicited attributes and ratings are analyzed and possible links to the acoustical properties of these spaces are discussed. [This study is a part of Marie Curie Network on Dereverberation and Reverberation of Audio, Music, and Speech. EU-FP7 under agreement ITN-GA-2012-316969.]
Review: Guide du roman de langue française: 1901–1950 (2004)

Journal Article Review: Guide du roman de langue française: 1901–1950 Get access David H. Walker, Reviewed by David H. Walker, Reviewed by Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume 58, Issue 1, January 2004, Pages 131–132, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/58.1.131-a Published: 01 January 2004
The Impact of Smoking and TP53 Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with Targetable Mutations—The Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC2) (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Multiplex genomic profiling is standard of care for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas. The Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC) is a multi-institutional effort to identify and treat oncogenic driver events in patients with lung adenocarcinomas.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Sixteen U.S. institutions enrolled 1,367 patients with lung cancer in LCMC2; 904 were deemed eligible and had at least one of 14 cancer-related genes profiled using validated methods including genotyping, massively parallel sequencing, and IHC.<b>Results:</b> The use of targeted therapies in patients with <i>EGFR, ERBB2,</i> or <i>BRAF</i> p.V600E mutations, <i>ALK, ROS1</i>, or <i>RET</i> rearrangements, or <i>MET</i> amplification was associated with a survival increment of 1.5 years compared with those with such mutations not receiving targeted therapy, and 1.0 year compared with those lacking a targetable driver. Importantly, 60 patients with a history of smoking derived similar survival benefit from targeted therapy for alterations in <i>EGFR</i>/<i>ALK</i>/<i>ROS1</i>, when compared with 75 never smokers with the same alterations. In addition, coexisting <i>TP53</i> mutations were associated with shorter survival among patients with <i>EGFR, ALK</i>, or <i>ROS1</i> alterations.<b>Conclusion:</b> Patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung and an oncogenic driver mutation treated with effective targeted therapy have a longer survival, regardless of prior smoking history. Molecular testing should be performed on all individuals with lung adenocarcinomas irrespective of clinical characteristics. Routine use of massively parallel sequencing enables detection of both targetable driver alterations and tumor suppressor gene and other alterations that have potential significance for therapy selection and as predictive markers for the efficacy of treatment. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1038-47. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Evaluation of Adhesion of Oxide Scale by Tensile Test (2017)

In the hot rolling process, the external appearance of steel can deteriorate due to spalling of oxide scales. We used a tensile test in order to evaluate and quantify the adhesion of the scales in the hot rolling process. When loaded with tensile stress, the behavior of the scales goes through the following three stages:
Liquid Metals: Liquid Metal Marbles (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2013) (2013)

On page 144, Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, Arnan Mitchell, and co-workers introduce liquid metal marbles by encapsulating droplets of liquid metal in micro/nanoparticles that are insulating or semiconducting. The physical properties of the liquid metal marbles are investigated. The ability to form active electronic junctions using liquid metal marbles and its use as a highly sensitive, electrochemical-based, heavy metal ion sensor is demonstrated.
Characterization of Particle Motion and Deposition Behaviour in Electro-Static Fields (2016)

As a prerequisite for studying and ultimately improving the powder coating process, particle motion and deposition effects within flow- and electro-static fields need to be thoroughly understood and thus characterized. In this context, a range of dimensionless groups is proposed and new means of characterization are presented. Considering the impact of electro-static, fluid-dynamic and gravity forces on coating particle motion, a triangle chart notation to characterize the state of varying particle size classes, is introduced. Furthermore a derivation of the dimensionless particle momentum equation is shown to lead to a dimensionless chart, representing all possible process states of coating. In combination with a Eulerian-LaGrangian, numerical model, the new means of characterization have led to a far better, over all perspective of occurring phenomena and their causes. Some examples are demonstrated here.
Vers l'apprentissage de mécanismes d'adaptation multimédia (2005)

This paper argues that adaptation methods should not be fixed. We propose to use reinforcement learning in order to improve the behaviour of multimedia adaptation agents by taking into account the usage of a multimedia content. Some examples dealing with mobile services are presented. The Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework is briefly explained. We therefore present an application of MDP to the problem of an adaptation agent's learning: how to learn optimal prefetching policies. Experimental results show the benefits of the proposed method.
Difference in serum nephrin expression between normal and preeclamptic pregnancies: A preliminary study (2012)

Nephrin is one of the slit membrane proteins of podocytes in the kidney. It is known that the nephrin is shed in the urine in nephropathy accompanying proteinuira. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in the serum nephrin expression between normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.
Mutually pumped phase conjugator as a moving-object correlator (1993)

Cross talk is observed in a photorefractive bridge mutually pumped phase conjugator during the transient time of photorefractive grating formation and is utilized to construct a moving-object correlator. The correlation of various input images has been demonstrated and compared with calculated results. The device is currently capable of a resolution of approximately 4 to 6 lines/mm.
Control of Mobile Robots Using Anytime Computation (1992)

Anytime algorithms are algorithms whose quality of results improves gradually as computation time increases. They have attracted growing attention in recent years as a key mechanism for time-critical planning and control of autonomous robots. By introducing computation time as a degree of freedom, anytime algorithms define a scheduling problem involving the activation and interruption of the anytime components. We have implemented a prototype of AT-RALPH in which an off-line compilation process together with a run-time monitoring component guarantee the optimal allocation of time to the anytime modules. The crucial metalevel knowledge is kept in the anytime library in the form of conditional performance profiles. These profiles characterize the performance of each elementary anytime algorithm as a function of runtime and input quality. We have also extended the notion of gradual improvement to sensing and plan execution. While control of sensing is very similar to control of anytime computation, the timing of plan execution can be controlled by varying the resources (such as energy) consumed by the robot. The result is an efficient, flexible control for autonomous robots that optimally exploits the tradeoff between time and quality in planning, sensing and plan execution.
Supplementary Figure 1 from MyoD Is a Tumor Suppressor Gene in Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 25456K, Comparative analysis of MyoD +/+; SmoA2, MyoD +/-; SmoA2 and MyoD-/-; SmoA2 mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Antilipolytic Actions of Vanadate and Insulin in Rat Adipocytes Mediated by Distinctly Different Mechanisms<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Vanadate, which mimics the biological effects of insulin, also inhibits lipolysis in rat adipocytes. Here we demonstrate that the antilipolytic effect of vanadate differs from that of insulin at least by the five following criteria: 1) vanadate inhibits lipolysis mediated by high (supraphysiological) concentrations of catecholamines; 2) vanadate antagonizes (Bu)2cAMP-mediated lipolysis; 3) vanadate antagonizes isobutylmethylxanthine-dependent lipolysis, 4) vanadate inhibits lipolysis mediated by okadaic acid; and 5) wortmannin, which blocks the antilipolytic effect of insulin, fails to block vanadate-mediated antilipolysis. Vanadate does activate phosphoinositol 3-kinase, and wortmannin blocks this activation. Our working hypothesis assumes that all of the insulin-like effects of vanadate, including antilipolysis, are initiated by the inhibition of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). Among documented PTPase inhibitors we found that VOSO4 (oxidation state +4), several organic vanadyl compounds (+4), zinc (Zn2+), tungstate (W), and molybdate (Mo) also had antilipolytic activity. The order of potency was vanadyl acetylacetonate > or = VOSO4 > or = NaVO3 > or = vanadyl-dipicolinate > Zn2+ >> W > Mo, and it correlated better with the inhibition of adipose membranal-PTPases in cell-free experiments. We have concluded that the antilipolytic effect of vanadate is 1) mechanistically distinct from that of insulin, 2) independent of phosphoinositol 3-kinase activation, and 3) independent of the lipolytic cascade. We also strongly suggest that the antilipolytic effect of vanadate emanates from inhibiting adipose membranal, rather than cytosolic PTPases, and present preliminary data showing distinct differences in catalysis between these two PTPase categories. Overall, the study indicates that antilipolysis can be manifested via alternative, insulin-independent, signal-transducing pathways.
The Acetochlor Registration Partnership (2005)

J. Environ. Qual. 34:1004–1015 (2005) On p. 1014, in the second paragraph of the Conclusions, the sentence: “Soil pore water detections of acetochlor ESA were observed at all eight sites, and leached ground water (71.0 μg L–1) at five sites.” should read: “Soil pore water detections of acetochlor ESA were observed at all eight sites, and reached ground water (>1.0 μg L–1) at five sites.” That is, the word “leached” should be “reached” and the 7 in “71.0” should be a > (“greater than”).
Electrical Characterization of Ultrathin RF-Sputtered LiPON Layers for Nanoscale Batteries (2016)

Ultrathin lithium phosphorus oxynitride glass (LiPON) films with thicknesses down to 15 nm, deposited by reactive sputtering in nitrogen plasma, were found to be electronically insulating. Such ultrathin electrolyte layers could lead to high power outputs and increased battery energy densities. The effects of stoichiometry, film thickness, and substrate material on the ionic conductivity were investigated. As the amount of nitrogen in the layers increased, the activation energy of the ionic conductivity decreased from 0.63 to 0.53 eV, leading to a maximum conductivity of 1 × 10(-6) S/cm. No dependence of the ionic conductivity on the film thickness or substrate material could be established. A detailed analysis of the equivalent circuit model used to fit the impedance data is provided. Polarization measurements were performed to determine the electronic leakage in these ultrathin films. A 15-nm LiPON layer on a TiN substrate showed electronically insulating properties with electronic resistivity values around 10(15) Ω·cm. To our knowledge, this is the thinnest RF-sputtered LiPON layer shown to be electronically insulating while retaining good ionic conductivity.
Transfer of immune complexes from lymphocytes to follicular dendritic cells (1986)

Antigens in the form of immune complexes are retained on the membranes of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) for long periods of time. To examine how immune complexes reach germinal centers, where FDC are located, we injected mice with anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibodies complexed to DNP-myoglobin-coated gold particles. The distribution of the particles in spleens or draining lymph nodes was then determined with the electron microscope. The vast majority of the particles were cell bound. Shortly after injection they were phagocytized by macrophages or fixed on lymphocytes. The latter were found even in the corona of lymph follicles but not in germinal centers. Already 30 min after injection, FDC in contact with the corona were faintly positive but were negative in the center. FDC precursor cells were occasionally observed but in too small a number to account for the transport of immune complexes to the germinal centers. Twenty-four hours after injection colloidal gold particles were found in phagolysosomes of macrophages or on cytoplasmic extensions of FDC in all parts of the germinal centers. Experiments performed on isolated FDC showed that they are not only able to take up free immune complexes but are also able to adsorb immune complexes from pulsed lymphocytes. These results strengthen the idea that lymphoid cells binding immune complexes by their Fc receptors may transport these complexes inside germinal centers.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface assisted Multi-user Communications: How Many Reflective Elements Do We Need? (2020)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) consisting of multiple reflective elements are a promising technique to enhance communication quality as they can create favorable propagation conditions. In this letter, we characterize the fundamental relations between the number of reflective elements and the system sum-rate in RIS-assisted multi-user communications. It is known from previous works that the received signal-to-noise ratio~(SNR) can linearly increase with the squared number of RIS reflective elements, but how many elements are sufficient to provide an acceptable system sum-rate still remains an open problem. To this end, we derive the asymptotic capacity with zero-forcing (ZF) precoding, and then discuss how many reflective elements are required so that the ratio of the system sum-rate to the capacity can exceed a predefined threshold. Numerical results verify our analysis.
Learning Steering Bounds for Parallel Autonomous Systems (2018)

Deep learning has been successfully applied to “end-to-end” learning of the autonomous driving task, where a deep neural network learns to predict steering control commands from camera data input. However, the learned representations do not support higher-level decision making required for autonomous navigation, nor the uncertainty estimates required for parallel autonomy, where vehicle control is shared between human and robot. This paper tackles the problem of learning a representation to predict a continuous control probability distribution, and thus steering control options and bounds for those options, which can be used for autonomous navigation. Each mode of the distribution encodes a possible macro-action that the system could execute at that instant, and the covariances of the modes place bounds on safe steering control values. Our approach has the added advantage of being trained on unlabeled data collected from inexpensive cameras. The deep neural network based algorithm generates a probability distribution over the space of steering angles, from which we leverage Variational Bayesian methods to extract a mixture model and compute the different possible actions in the environment. A bound, which the autonomous vehicle must respect in our parallel autonomy setting, is then computed for each of these actions. We evaluate our approach on a challenging dataset containing a wide variety of driving conditions, and show that our algorithm is capable of parameterizing Gaussian Mixture Models for possible actions, and extract steering bounds with a mean error of only 2 degrees. Additionally, we demonstrate our system working on a full scale autonomous vehicle and evaluate its ability to successful handle various different parallel autonomy situations.
Optimization of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Based Cord Blood Potency Assay Using Red Blood Cell Depletion (2016)

Optimization of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Based Cord Blood Potency Assay Using Red Blood Cell Depletion Cryopreserved cord blood units (CBU) provide a source of donor hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation of patients with a variety of disorders. Previous studies have shown that the number of post-thaw hematopoietic colony-forming units (CFU) in the transplanted product reflected potency and predicted engraftment and survival. However, such CFU assay results were only available two weeks after the transplant. Our group previously demonstrated a strong correlation between cells containing high levels of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHbr) and CFU growth, and subsequently developed and validated potency assays enumerating ALDHbr cells and CFUs on segments attached to the cryopreserved CBUs. The assay measures ALDHbr, CD45+, and CD34+ cells while excluding non-viable (7-AAD+) and red blood cells (glycophorin A+, RBCs) by multiparameter flow cytometry. Using this approach, residual RBCs in the banked CBUs often obscured the rare cell types to be gated. A simple and rapid immunomagnetic method (ErythroClear™, STEMCELL Technologies) could be integrated into the potency assay and allowed a comparison of the measured frequencies of different populations with or without RBC depletion. Two contiguous segments from each of 20 CBUs banked at the Carolinas Cord Blood Bank were thawed, washed in dextran 40 5% albumin and pooled. Half of each sample was RBC reduced with ErythroClear™ and the other half was untreated. The samples were stained and analyzed on an Accuri C6 flow cytometer and data analyzed using FCS Express (version 4, clinical edition). A gate was set around nonviable cells and RBCs to exclude those cells from further analysis. Further gates were set in the remaining fluorescence channels to gate ALDHbr, CD45+, and CD34+ cells. Removal of RBCs from CB samples enabled more precise gating on target populations and resulted in slightly higher numbers of ALDHbr and CD34+ cells within the viable CD34 gate while reducing the number of "contaminating" events at acquisition (Figure 1). Gating on the target populations was easier when RBCs were removed. Removal of contaminating RBCs from assayed CB segments with ErythroClear™ produces a cleaner sample for flow cytometry analysis and is likely to increase precision, reliability and reproducibility of the test. Our lab has incorporated this step into the ALDHbr-based potency assay of umbilical cord blood units.
Integration of Ion Implantation with Scanning Probe Alignment (2005)

We describe a scanning probe instrument which integrates ion beams with imaging and alignment functions of a piezo resistive scanning probe in high vacuum. Energetic ions (1 to a few hundred keV) are transported through holes in scanning probe tips [1]. Holes and imaging tips are formed by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) drilling and ion beam assisted thin film deposition. Transport of single ions can be monitored through detection of secondary electrons from highly charged dopant ions (e. g., Bi{sup 45+}) enabling single atom device formation. Fig. 1 shows SEM images of a scanning probe tip formed by ion beam assisted Pt deposition in a dual beam FIB. Ion beam collimating apertures are drilled through the silicon cantilever with a thickness of 5 {micro}m. Aspect ratio limitations preclude the direct drilling of holes with diameters well below 1 {micro}m, and smaller hole diameters are achieved through local thin film deposition [2]. The hole in Fig. 1 was reduced from 2 {micro}m to a residual opening of about 300 nm. Fig. 2 shows an in situ scanning probe image of an alignment dot pattern taken with the tip from Fig. 1. Transport of energetic ions through the aperture in the scanning probe tip allows formation of arbitrary implant patterns. In the example shown in Fig. 2 (right), a 30 nm thick PMMA resist layer on silicon was exposed to 7 keV Ar{sup 2+} ions with an equivalent dose of 10{sup 14} ions/cm{sup 2} to form the LBL logo. An exciting goal of this approach is the placement of single dopant ions into precise locations for integration of single atom devices, such as donor spin based quantum computers [3, 4]. In Fig. 3, we show a section of a micron size dot area exposed to a low dose (10{sup 11}/cm{sup 2}) of high charge state dopant ions. The Bi{sup 45+} ions (200 keV) were extracted from a low emittance highly charged ions source [5]. The potential energy of B{sup 45+}, i. e., the sum of the binding energies required to remove the electrons, amounts to 36 keV. This energy is deposited within {approx}10 fs when an ion impinges on a target. The highly localized energy deposition results in efficient resist exposure, and is associated with strongly enhanced secondary electron emission, which allows monitoring of single ion impacts [4]. The ex situ scanning probe image with line scan in Fig. 3 shows a single ion impact site in PMMA (after standard development). In our presentation, we will discuss resolution requirements for ion placement in prototype quantum computer structures [3] with respect to resolution limiting factors in ion implantation with scanning probe alignment.