gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract WP177: Effects Of The Oral Factor XIa Inhibitor Asundexian On Intracranial Bleeding Among Patients With Acute Non-Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke: PACIFIC-Stroke Randomized Trial (2023)

Introduction: The phase 2 PACIFIC-Stroke trial of patients with acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke assessed asundexian, the oral small molecule Factor XIa inhibitor, versus placebo administered within 48h of ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke. This trial uniquely included moderate and severe strokes, which were excluded from other early timeframe, secondary prevention trials of escalated antithrombotic therapy. The primary results suggest a reduction in recurrent ischemic stroke and TIA when added to antiplatelet therapy without an overall increase in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)(in press at the Lancet ). In this post-hoc analysis, we will further characterize the observed ICH. Methods: PACIFIC-Stroke (NCT04304508) was an international, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 randomized trial enrolling 1808 participants and comparing three dosages (10mg, 20mg, or 50mg daily) of asundexian with placebo. Participants were randomized within 48h of the qualifying ischemic stroke, and all received background antiplatelet therapy chosen by the local investigator. Eligibility for Part A was limited to patients with NIHSS &lt;/=7 who did not receive thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy, and Part B allowed an NIHSS up to 15 and treatment with reperfusion therapy (if &gt;24 hours prior to randomization). Participants underwent MRIs within 72 hours of randomization and after 6 months. Results: In this presentation, we will further characterize the ICHs observed in the 1808 participants (1334 asundexian, 452 placebo) of the PACIFIC-Stroke trial. Further characterization will include timing, baseline stroke severity, post-thrombolysis/endovascular therapy status, asundexian dosing, and associated symptoms and radiological subtypes will be presented. Conclusions: Early anticoagulation of ischemic stroke patients with asundexian added to antiplatelet therapy was not associated with an increase in ICH compared to placebo, supporting the premise that inhibition of Factor XIa may prevent thrombosis without increasing bleeding. Further characterization of the observed ICHs associated with this novel drug compared to placebo will be presented.
Polycationic Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery: Comparing ARGET ATRP and UV-Initiated Formulations (2014)

In this work, we develop and evaluate polycationic nanoparticles for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Delivery remains a major challenge for translating siRNA to the clinic, and overcoming the delivery challenge requires effective siRNA delivery vehicles that meet the demands of the specific delivery strategy. Cross-linked polycationic nanoparticle formulations were synthesized using ARGET ATRP or UV-initiated polymerization. The one-step, one-pot, surfactant-stabilized monomer-in-water synthesis technique may provide a simpler and faster alternative to complicated, multistep techniques and an alternative to methods that rely on toxic organic solvents. The polymer nanoparticles were synthesized using the cationic monomer 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, the hydrophobic monomer tert-butyl methacrylate to tune pH responsiveness, the hydrophilic monomer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate to improve biocompatibility, and cross-linking agent tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate to enhance colloidal stability. Four formulations were evaluated for their suitability as siRNA delivery vehicles in vitro with the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T or the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The polycationic nanoparticles demonstrated efficient and rapid loading of the anionic siRNA following complexation. Confocal microscopy as well as flow cytometry analysis of cells treated with polycationic nanoparticles loaded with fluorescently labeled siRNA demonstrated that the polycationic nanoparticles promoted cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled siRNA. Knockdown experiments using polycationic nanoparticles to deliver siRNA demonstrated evidence of knockdown, thus demonstrating potential as an alternative route to creating polycationic nanoparticles.
From acute to chronic pancreatitis: the role of mutations in the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene. (2003)

Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) is a potent natural inhibitor of trypsin. We proposed the hypothesis that, if the function of the PSTI is impaired by its genetic mutation, trypsin may easily promote autodigestion causing pancreatitis and we performed a mutational analysis of the PSTI gene in patients with pancreatitis. Two exonic mutations (N34S and R67C) were thought to be associated with a predisposition to pancreatitis. The N34S mutation was co-segregated with two intronic mutations, IVS1-37T>C and IVS3-69insTTTT. Although we analyzed the function of the recombinant N34S protein, we could not demonstrate the loss of function of this protein. Intronic mutations, rather than N34S itself (IVS1-37T>C + N34S + IVS3-69insTTTT complex), may be associated with the decreased function of the PSTI. Alternatively, increased digestion of N34S in vivo may be applicable. As for R67C, the conformational alteration of the protein by forming intra-molecular or inter-molecular disulfide bonds with 67Cys was strongly suggested. These results, along with the brand-new findings in PSTI knockout mice, suggest that the genetic mutation of the PSTI is one of the important mechanisms for predisposition to pancreatitis by lowering the trypsin inhibitory function.
Improvement in the Properties of a Layered Thin Film Magneto-Impedance Element by Annealing under a Magnetic Field. (1999)

The temperature properties of layered thin film magneto-impedance (MI) elements composed of FeCoSiB/Cu/FeCoSiB were investigated for use in a magnetic sensor that remains stable under temperature change. The properties of the layered thin film MI elements as deposited were changed by increasing the temperature or by establishing a temperature cycle of 25 °C-100 °C. When these MI elements were annealed under a magnetic field at the most suitable temperature, which was 150 °C lower than the curie tempaerature of the magnetic film, the change in the MI properties due to the temperature increase or the temperature cycle was decreased. In particular, the change in inductance due to the temperature increase was small when the Fe4Co74Si8B14 zero magnetostriction magnetic film was used in the layered thin film MI element.
Brillouin Standing Wave Reflectometry (BSWR): a novel approach for high sensitivity, fast and distributed strain sensing in optical fibers (2017)

We demonstrate a novel distributed fiber sensing technique with a record broadband sensitivity of 10nƐ/&radic;Hz at a sampling rate of 1MHz. A standing acoustic wave is generated by all-optical excitation of two simultaneously counter-propagating Brillouin dynamic gratings. A dual-tone readout probe pulse is used for the distributed measurement of strain-induced nonlinear phase-shifts of the acoustic wave. The phase is demodulated in electrical domain from the beat note of the reflected probe following the hardware-simpler direct detection. The measurement of 5kHz strain vibrations with a spatial resolution of 20cm (limited only by the 0.5ns switching time of our SOA) is reported.
Topological engineering of terahertz light using electrically tunable exceptional point singularities (2022)

The topological structure associated with the branch point singularity around an exceptional point (EP) can provide tools for controlling the propagation of light. Through use of graphene-based devices, we demonstrate the emergence of EPs in an electrically controlled interaction between light and a collection of organic molecules in the terahertz regime at room temperature. We show that the intensity and phase of terahertz pulses can be controlled by a gate voltage, which drives the device across the EP. Our electrically tunable system allows reconstruction of the Riemann surface associated with the complex energy landscape and provides topological control of light by tuning the loss imbalance and frequency detuning of interacting modes. Our approach provides a platform for developing topological optoelectronics and studying the manifestations of EP physics in light-matter interactions.
Intention tremor, parkinsonism, and generalized brain atrophy in male carriers of fragile X (2001)

The authors report five elderly men with the fragile X premutation who had a progressive action tremor associated with executive function deficits and generalized brain atrophy. These individuals had elevated fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) messenger RNA and normal or borderline levels of FMR1 protein. The authors propose that elevations of FMR1 messenger RNA may be causative for a neurodegenerative syndrome in a subgroup of elderly men with the FMR1 premutation.
Cardiac Inflammation after Local Irradiation Is Influenced by the Kallikrein-Kinin System (2012)

Radiotherapy of intrathoracic and chest wall tumors may lead to exposure of the heart to ionizing radiation, resulting in radiation-induced heart diseases (RIHD). The main manifestations of RIHD become apparent many years after treatment and include cardiomyopathy and accelerated atherosclerosis. This study examines the role of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in RIHD by investigating the cardiac radiation response in a kininogen-deficient Brown Norway Katholiek (BN/Ka) rat model. BN/Ka rats and wild-type Brown Norway (BN) rats were exposed to local heart irradiation with a single dose of 18 Gy or 24 Gy and were observed for 3 to 6 months. Examinations included in vivo and ex vivo cardiac function, histopathology, gene and protein expression measurements, and mitochondrial swelling assays. Upon local heart irradiation, changes in in vivo cardiac function were significantly less in BN/Ka rats. For instance, a single dose of 24 Gy caused a 35% increase in fractional shortening in BN rats compared with a 16% increase in BN/Ka rats. BN rats, but not BN/Ka rats, showed a 56% reduction in cardiac numbers of CD2-positive cells, and a 57% increase in CD68-positive cells, together with a 52% increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). Local heart irradiation had similar effects on histopathology, mitochondrial changes, and left ventricular mRNA levels of NADPH oxidases in the two genotypes. These results suggest that the KKS plays a role in the effects of radiation on cardiac function and recruitment of inflammatory cells. The KKS may have these effects at least in part by altering Erk1/2 signaling.
Critical speech bands: Spectral resolution of contrasting temporal speech patterns (2000)

The high intelligibility of narrow-band sentences is attributable to contrasting temporal patterns in different frequency regions within the narrow band [E. W. Healy, Dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (1998)]. In the current study, the spectral resolution for contrasting temporal speech patterns was measured by partitioning the narrow-band spectrum. Sentences from the HINT were filtered to a minimum overall bandwidth, centered at 1500 Hz, which allowed relatively high intelligibility of component words. The overall bandwidth was 2/3, 1, or 3/2 octaves. Each overall band was digitally filtered (several thousand dB/octave) into 1, 2, 4, 6, or 10 partitions. The envelope from each partition was used to amplitude-modulate a corresponding band of low-noise noise, and the modulated carriers were combined and presented to normal-hearing listeners. Intelligibility increased and reached an asymptote as the number of partitions increased. The number of partitions necessary for asymptotic performance was 4, 6, and 10 for the 2/3-, 1-, and 3/2-octave overall bandwidths. For each, this corresponds to a partition bandwidth of approximately 1/6 octave. These results indicate that, in the region surrounding 1500 Hz, resolution of individual temporal speech patterns approximates the critical band measured using traditional psychoacoustic methods and nonspeech stimuli. [Work supported by NIDCD.]
Mixing of an underexpanded rectangular jet ejector (1988)

An experimental investigation was carried out on a rectangular ejector (constant area mixing duct) with an underexpanded rectangular jet as the primary flow. From the wall static pressure measurements, the ejector performance was found to show irregular variations with the primary jet pressure. Hot-wire measurements, together with schlieren photographs, showed that better performance was obtained when the flow was well mixed. The well-mixed flow was found when the screech tone Strouhal number was in the 0.11-0.14 range, which agrees with the most unstable Strouhal number of the free underexpanded rectangular jet. By incorporating a phase-locked technique with shlieren flow visualization, we were able to photograph standing waves excited by the screech tones inside the ejector mixing duct. The interactions between the jet flow and the screech tones were studied using this flow visualization technique.
Biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis: beyond prostate-specific antigen (2009)

The challenge in the years to come will be to introduce these new gene-based diagnostic and prognostic tests in algorithms integrating the other known risk factors of age, ethnicity, family history and PSA level to better tailor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Dietary effects on urinary physicochemistry in Navy bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) for the prevention of ammonium urate kidney stones (2021)

Bottlenose dolphins are susceptible to developing ammonium urate (NH<sub>4</sub>U) kidney stones. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that diet influences the urinary physicochemistry risk factors associated with nephrolithiasis in dolphins. A comprehensive nutrient analysis was performed revealing that the baseline diet (BD) commonly fed to dolphins under professional care had a greater purine content and a more negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) when compared with a model diet consumed by free-ranging dolphins. A modified diet (MD) was formulated to include free-ranging diet fish species and achieve a more positive DCAD. The BD had a more negative DCAD (-52 mEq/Mcal metabolizable energy) when compared with the MD (+51 mEq/Mcal ME), which more closely approximated the DCAD of the free-ranging model diet (+152 mEq/Mcal ME). Six dolphins (with stones) were fed the BD followed by the MD for a minimum of 4 wk. At the end of each feeding trial, a 6-h continuous urine collection was performed to compare urine parameters of dolphins fed the BD versus MD. Dolphins consuming the MD demonstrated a significant decrease in urinary ammonium, net acid excretion, saturation index of ammonium urate, and phosphorous, and a significant increase in urinary citrate and net gastrointestinal (GI) alkali absorption, as compared with urine parameters assessed when fed the BD. Increasing the proportion of free-ranging diet fish species and optimizing the DCAD positively influenced some of the risk factors believed to be associated with NH<sub>4</sub>U kidney stone development in bottlenose dolphins under professional care.
The prognostic impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. (2012)

e14557 Background: The prognostic role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in metastatic gastric cancer has not been established. Methods: EGFR was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a total of 357 patients (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples) and by real-time quantitative PCR (RTqPCR) in 130 patients with esophagogastric cancer. Staining intensity on IHC was scored in EGFR 0, 1+, 2+ and 3+. Staining intensity (alternatively intensity x % positive cells or the H-Score) and quantitative mRNA expression were correlated with progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and pathological and clinical characteristics. Results: On IHC, EGFR was negative, 1+, 2+, and 3+ in 205 (57%), 50 (14%), 62 (17%), and 40 (11%) patients, respectively. EGFR 3+ status correlated positively with intestinal type histology (p=.05) but no other correlations between baseline criteria such as age, sex, ECOG, tumor location, type of metastatic sites, and type of sampling and EGFR status were found. PFS and OS were similar in patients with EGFR-positive vs. those with EGFR negative gastric cancer, regardless whether positivity was defined as ≥1+ (PFS, 5.3 vs. 5.7 months, p=.185; OS, 10.6 vs. 10.9 months, p=.463) or as 3+ (PFS, 5.7 vs. 4.9 months, p=.159; OS, 8.6 vs. 10.8 months, p=.377) or when alternative scores were used such as the H-score. The multivariate overall survival analysis indicated that EGFR status is not an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 0.84, 0.56 to 1.12, p=.227). There were also no significant differences in progression-free or overall survival when patients were categorized according to median (PFS p=.173, OS p=.116) or quartile (PFS p=.634, OS p=.767) distribution of EGFR mRNA expression or when the cut-off with the highest predictive value was calculated (PFS p=.148, OS p=.189). Conclusions: EGFR status is not prognostic of patient’s outcome in metastatic gastric cancer.
Supervised transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at home: A guide for clinical research and practice (2020)

These guidelines provide a reference and standard for practice when employing the use of tDCS outside of the clinic setting.
Intracellular and Extracellular ATP Coordinately Regulate the Inverse Correlation between Osteoclast Survival and Bone Resorption (2012)

Osteoclasts, highly differentiated bone-resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin, have two conflicting tendencies: a lower capacity to survive and a higher capacity to execute energy-consuming activities such as bone resorption. Here, we report that when compared with their precursors, mature mitochondria-rich osteoclasts have lower levels of intracellular ATP, which is associated with receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL)-induced Bcl-x(L) down-regulation. Severe ATP depletion, caused by disrupting mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) gene, leads to increased bone-resorbing activity despite accelerated apoptosis. Although AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by ATP depletion is not involved in the regulation of osteoclast function, the release of ATP from intracellular stores negatively regulates bone-resorbing activity through an autocrine/paracrine feedback loop by altering cytoskeletal structures. Furthermore, osteoclasts derived from aged mice exhibit reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and intracellular ATP levels with increased bone-resorbing activity, implicating the possible involvement of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoporosis. Thus, our study provides evidence for a mechanism underlying the control of cellular functions by reciprocal changes in intracellular and extracellular ATP, which regulate the negative correlation between osteoclast survival and bone resorption.
Selenocysteine lyase, a novel enzyme that specifically acts on selenocysteine. Mammalian distribution and purification and properties of pig liver enzyme. (1982)

We have found a novel enzyme that exclusively decomposes L-selenocysteine into L-alanine and H2Se in various mammalian tissues, and have named it selenocysteine lyase. The enzyme from pig liver has been purified to homogeneity. It has a molecular weight of approximately 85,000, and contains pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a coenzyme. Its maximum reactivity is at about pH 9.0. Balance studies showed that 1 mol of selenocysteine is converted to equimolar amounts of alanine and H2Se. The following amino acids are insert: L-cysteine, L-serine, L-cysteine sulfinate, selenocysteamine, Se-ethyl-DL-selenocysteine, and L-selenohomocysteine. L-Cysteine (Ki, 1.0 mM) competes with L-selenocysteine (Km, 0.83 mM) to inhibit the enzyme reaction. The enzyme is the first proven enzyme that specifically acts on selenium compounds.
On Metrics and Models for Energy-Efficient Design of Wireless Access Networks (2014)

The energy efficiency of wireless access networks has attracted significant interest, due to escalating energy cost and environmental concerns. How energy efficiency should be measured is, however, still disputed in the literature. In this letter, we discuss the impact of performance metrics and energy consumption models in network dimensioning. We argue that, using a popular metric, the number of bits/Joule may give misleading results, unless the capacity and coverage requirements of the system are carefully defined. We also claim that the energy consumption in the backhaul and the idle power of the base stations have to be taken into account. To support our claims, we demonstrate in a simple example how misleading results can be obtained by using flawed performance metrics.
Communication-Efficient Multimodal Split Learning for mmWave Received Power Prediction (2020)

The goal of this study is to improve the accuracy of millimeter wave received power prediction by utilizing camera images and radio frequency (RF) signals, while gathering image inputs in a communication-efficient and privacy-preserving manner. To this end, we propose a distributed multimodal machine learning (ML) framework, coined multimodal split learning (MultSL), in which a large neural network (NN) is split into two wirelessly connected segments. The upper segment combines images and received powers for future received power prediction, whereas the lower segment extracts features from camera images and compresses its output to reduce communication costs and privacy leakage. Experimental evaluation corroborates that MultSL achieves higher accuracy than the baselines utilizing either images or RF signals. Remarkably, without compromising accuracy, compressing the lower segment output by 16x yields 16x lower communication latency and 2.8% less privacy leakage compared to the case without compression.