gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Experimental Study on Multilayer Double-Patterning Processes (2010)

The imaging constraints imposed by the optics of current lithographic tools now require double-patterning (DP) processes. As lithography pushes past 32-nm resolution, the need to optimize material stacks, including resist, bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC), and substrate has never been greater for IC manufacturers. With thinner resists, DP, dual BARCs, and tri- and quad-layer schemes in the 193-nm immersion technology, the potential combinations are almost endless. Many approaches to DP have been devised, of which most have been designed to reduce the number of process steps. In this paper, we model several DP processes using our simulation software. Reflectivity control and resist profile optimization was maintained in the simulations using organic BARCs and spin-on multilayer stacks consisting of a silicon hardmask on top of a carbon underlayer. DP lithography results of these optimized tri- and quad-layer schemes are presented.
Session 8: Challenging Core Beliefs (2008)

Chapter 10 provides an outline for the eighth session of treatment on challenging core beliefs. Processes for the patient to identify and challenge their core beliefs are provided, along with suggestions for finding intermediate beliefs. The roots of core belief developement in childhood experiences are explored.
Feasibility of multianimal hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C MRS (2014)

The initial feasibility of multi-animal HP (13) C MRS was established. Throughput scales with the number of simultaneously scanned animals, demonstrating the potential for significant improvements in study efficiency.
IFN-gamma inhibits development of Plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic stages in hepatocytes by an L-arginine-dependent effector mechanism (1991)

Primary cultures of BALB/cJ hepatocytes treated with 10(3) U/ml rIFN-gamma consistently inhibited intracellular Plasmodium berghei liver schizont development by 50 to 70%. Monomethyl-L-arginine (NGMMLA), the competitive inhibitor of L-arginine as substrate for production of nitric oxides by hepatocytes, reversed the activity of IFN-gamma on these malaria-infected cells. Reversal of IFN-gamma activity by NGMMLA was dose dependent and was maximal at 0.5 mM NGMMLA. Depletion of L-arginine by addition of arginase to the culture medium blocked the capacity of IFN-gamma to inhibit parasite development in hepatocytes; addition of excess L-arginine to cultures treated with IFN-gamma in the presence of NGMMLA competitively restored IFN-gamma capacity to activate hepatocyte anti-parasite activity. TNF-alpha was neither required for IFN-gamma activity, nor effective at any concentration tested as an inhibitor of schizont development by itself in primary hepatocytes. These data strongly suggest that the action of IFN-gamma on P. berghei-infected hepatocytes is to induce the production of L-arginine-derived nitrogen oxides that are toxic for the intracellular parasite.
Lesional RhoA<sup>+</sup> cell numbers are suppressed by anti‐inflammatory, cyclooxygenase‐inhibiting treatment following subacute spinal cord injury (2004)

Inhibition of the small GTPase RhoA or its downstream target Rho-associated coiled kinase (ROCK) has been shown to promote axon regeneration and to improve functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) in the adult rat. RhoA has also been implicated in delayed secondary injury pathophysiology, such as free radical formation and loss of endothelial integrity leading to edema formation. In the present report, we have analyzed the effect of the central nervous system (CNS) permissive, putatively neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-1/-2 (COX-1/-2) inhibitor indomethacin in CNS effective dosage (2 mg/kg/day) on lesional RhoA expression following subacute spinal cord injury. In control rats receiving vehicle alone, RhoA+ cells accumulate at the lesion site (Th8). At day 3 following SCI, the RhoA+ cellular composition is composed prevailingly of microglia/macrophages and polymononuclear granulocytes, but few reactive astrocytes. In contrast, in the verum group, lesional numbers of RhoA cells were reduced by indomethacin treatment by more than 60% (P < 0.0001). Inflammation-dependent RhoA expression accessible by cyclooxygenase inhibition proposes an immune-related mechanism. Our results identify COX blockers as candidates for a safe, synergistic, adjuvant treatment option in combination with cell-specific approaches to Rho inactivation, effectively minimizing the pool of RhoA+ cells at the lesion site following SCI.
Should We Manage All Septic Patients Based on a Single Definition? An Alternative Approach (2017)

1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. 2Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA. The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest. For information regarding this article, E-mail: [email protected]
Changes in the Left Ventricular Eicosanoid Profile in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2022)

The current study demonstrates that increased expressions of CYP-epoxygenase enzymes and epoxide hydrolases in the DCM heart correspond with enhanced PUFA-derived EpFA turnover. This is accompanied by severe mitochondrial functional impairment which can be rescued by the administration of exogenous EpFAs.
Flow Contrastive Estimation of Energy-Based Models (2019)

This paper studies a training method to jointly estimate an energy-based model and a flow-based model, in which the two models are iteratively updated based on a shared adversarial value function. This joint training method has the following traits. (1) The update of the energy-based model is based on noise contrastive estimation, with the flow model serving as a strong noise distribution. (2) The update of the flow model approximately minimizes the Jensen-Shannon divergence between the flow model and the data distribution. (3) Unlike generative adversarial networks (GAN) which estimates an implicit probability distribution defined by a generator model, our method estimates two explicit probabilistic distributions on the data. Using the proposed method we demonstrate a significant improvement on the synthesis quality of the flow model, and show the effectiveness of unsupervised feature learning by the learned energy-based model. Furthermore, the proposed training method can be easily adapted to semi-supervised learning. We achieve competitive results to the state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning methods.
(Invited) Intercalation Chemistry of Oxides (2020)

The lithium-ion battery technology is based on intercalation chemistry phenomenon. The 2019 Chemistry Nobel Laurette Stanley Whittingham was the first to show in 1976 how the intercalation phenomenon can be utilized to realize a rechargeable lithium battery. He demonstrated the concept with a lithium-metal anode and a layered titanium sulfide cathode. Since then the field of intercalation chemistry for electrical energy storage has evolved during the past four decades, encompassing a variety of materials and intercalation working ions, such as monovalent lithium, sodium, and potassium, divalent magnesium, calcium, and zinc, and trivalent aluminum ions. Among the intercalation materials, oxides are at the forefront with rich fundamental structural chemistry and electrochemistry as well as with profound technological and societal impact. Accordingly, this presentation will focus on the richness and complexities of the intercalation chemistry of transition-metal oxides. The scientific and technological impact of the intercalation chemistry of oxides is illustrated by the three families of cathodes for practical lithium-ion batteries: layered oxides, spinel oxides, and polyanion oxides. The presentation will first provide a comparison of these three families of oxides, pointing out the pros and cons with respect to employing them as electrodes in rechargeable batteries as well as their limiting features from a fundamental solid-state chemistry point of view. Particularly, the structural and chemical features that impact the charge-storage capacity, operating voltage, rate capability, and practical energy density will be discussed. As we move forward, the layered oxide cathodes have become the prime candidates from an energy density consideration point of view, particularly for portable electronics and electric vehicles. However, bulk and surface instabilities during charge-discharge limit their practical energy density and cycle life, while the use of significant amounts of cobalt in them poses concerns on sustainability, cost, and supply-chain issues. Therefore, the presentation will then focus on layered oxide cathodes with high nickel contents and very low or no cobalt content to increase the energy density and lower the cost. Particularly, the role of modifications in chemical compositions through cationic substitutions on the cycle, thermal, and air instabilities will be discussed from a fundamental solid-state chemistry point of view. The use of advanced analytical techniques, such as in-situ x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry in understanding the intricacies of the cathodes and mitigating the problems will be presented.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Antibiotic Lysocin E and Its Enantiomeric, Epimeric, and N‐Demethylated Analogues (2014)

Abstract Lysocin E, a macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through a novel mechanism. The first total synthesis of lysocin E was achieved by applying a full solid‐phase strategy. The developed approach also provides rapid access to the enantiomeric, epimeric, and N‐demethylated analogues of lysocin E. Significantly, the antibacterial activity of the unnatural enantiomer was comparable to that of the natural isomer, suggesting the absence of chiral recognition in its mode of action.
Diverse carbon dioxide removal approaches could reduce energy-water-land impacts (2023)

GCAM model version, and processing scripts for figures.
Aktueller Stand biologisch rekonstruktiver Verfahren an der Knorpeloberfläche - eine Übersicht (2005)

In einer Reihe unterschiedlicher Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass Knorpeldefekte des Kniegelenks auch bei jüngeren Patienten relativ häufig auftreten und dass mit zunehmender Defektgröße das sekundäre Arthroserisiko zunimmt. Eine begleitende Verletzung protektiver Gelenkbinnenstrukturen erhöht diese Gefahr zusätzlich. Darüber hinaus weist der Knorpel des Kniegelenks im Vergleich zum Knorpel des Sprunggelenks eine geringere Regenerationsfähigkeit auf. Von den großen Gelenken ist das Kniegelenk am häufigsten von einer Arthrose betroffen. Um der Arthroseentstehung vorzubeugen, sollten klinisch symptomatische Knorpelschäden möglichst frühzeitig biologisch rekonstruiert und bestehende Achsfehlstellungen, Band- oder Meniskusverletzungen saniert werden. Für die biologische Rekonstruktion der Gelenkoberfläche stehen seit mehreren Jahren verschiedene operative Verfahren zur Verfügung. Technik, Vor- und Nachteile sowie die mittel- bis langfristigen Ergebnisse der derzeit gängigsten Methoden werden in der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit dargestellt, um so deren geeignetes Indikationsspektrum aufzuzeigen.
Collapse Resistance of Steel Columns under Combined Axial and Lateral Loading (2015)

AbstractThe collapse resistance of steel columns subjected to combined axial and reversed lateral loading is investigated computationally. Detailed finite-element models that are validated using available experimental data are presented. Simulation results using these models suggest that local buckling as well as lateral torsional buckling in deep, slender sections under combined axial and lateral loading can lead to a substantial reduction in column ductility. The results of an extensive parametric study suggest that the current design guidelines are potentially unconservative and are used to develop a simple-to-use design aid.
Extending Bragg Interferometry for the Study of Magic Angle Trilayer Graphene (2022)

Journal Article Extending Bragg Interferometry for the Study of Magic Angle Trilayer Graphene Get access Catherine Groschner, Catherine Groschner Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Isaac M Craig, Isaac M Craig Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Madeline Van Winkle, Madeline Van Winkle Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Colin Ophus, Colin Ophus National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Karen C Bustillo, Karen C Bustillo National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jim Ciston, Jim Ciston National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Kwabena Bediako D Kwabena Bediako Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States Corresponding author: bediako@berkeley.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 28, Issue S1, 1 August 2022, Pages 1768–1769, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927622006997 Published: 01 August 2022
Comparison between an algebraic method and the maximum saturation method to estimate individual color matching functions (2010)

It is well known that the color matching functions (CMFs) defined by CIE cannot apply to real observers as the CIE standard CMFs are not linearly transformed from L, M, S cone fundamentals and each observer has different CMFs. It is important to estimate these discrepancies to develop a color management system in applied fields. We measured each observer's CMFs using an apparatus with the use of a digital micro-mirror device (DMD). In a linear algebraic method, the test stimuli were composed of three primaries and 31 different offset light, whose spectral components were determined by M series to be independent each other. The observer adjusted the intensities of the primaries until the test stimulus matched the reference white. CMFs were calculated by matrix operations. In the maximum saturation method (MSM), the observer adjusted the intensities of the three primaries so that the test light matched the reference monochromatic light. Although the CMFs obtained with our algebraic method were similar with those obtained directly with MSM, the CMF curves with MSM were smoother than those obtained with our method. The simulation showed that the effects of the noises in the experiment are larger in our method. “I do notwish to be considered for a talk session”
Quantum Phase Transition in Quasi-One-Dimensional<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">R</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">u</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2003)

We report the first systematic study of the electrical transport and magnetic properties of BaRu6O12, which has a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) hollandite structure. We show that BaRu6O12 is quasi-1D electronically as well. Its physical properties were found to be extremely sensitive to disorder. Furthermore, a transition from being metallic with a resistance drop around 2 K to being weakly insulating as the applied magnetic field was increased was also found. We propose that these two features are related to the possible presence of a quantum phase transition in this material system.
A physiological and behavioral system for hearing restoration with cochlear implants (2016)

Cochlear implants are neuroprosthetic devices that provide hearing to deaf patients, although outcomes are highly variable even with prolonged training and use. The central auditory system must process cochlear implant signals, but it is unclear how neural circuits adapt-or fail to adapt-to such inputs. The knowledge of these mechanisms is required for development of next-generation neuroprosthetics that interface with existing neural circuits and enable synaptic plasticity to improve perceptual outcomes. Here, we describe a new system for cochlear implant insertion, stimulation, and behavioral training in rats. Animals were first ensured to have significant hearing loss via physiological and behavioral criteria. We developed a surgical approach for multichannel (2- or 8-channel) array insertion, comparable with implantation procedures and depth in humans. Peripheral and cortical responses to stimulation were used to program the implant objectively. Animals fitted with implants learned to use them for an auditory-dependent task that assesses frequency detection and recognition in a background of environmentally and self-generated noise and ceased responding appropriately to sounds when the implant was temporarily inactivated. This physiologically calibrated and behaviorally validated system provides a powerful opportunity to study the neural basis of neuroprosthetic device use and plasticity.
CYR61 Expression in Normal and Abnormal Endometrium (2006)

Papers on Current Clinical and Basic Investigation: Tuesday, May 9, 2006: Donald F. Richardson Memorial Prize Paper
A form of familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia not due to a mutation in the apolipoprotein B gene (1991)

Familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia (FHBL) is a dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by levels of apolipoprotein B-carrying lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL and LDL) which are 50% of the normal levels in the heterozygotes and almost absent in the homozygotes. Several reports have recently shown that the underlying defect in FHBL involves different mutations in the apo B gene which lead to reduced levels of apo B mRNA or to the production of truncated forms of apo B having either a lower synthetic rate or a higher catabolic rate than normal apo B. We here present a three-generation family with several FHBL members in which the linkage analysis shows absence of co-segregation between apo B gene alleles and the hypocholesterolaemic phenotype. We conclude that a dominantly transmitted mutation in a gene other than that for apo B is responsible for the low plasma cholesterol levels.
Analyzing Online Teacher Networks (2008)

The authors argue that conceptual and methodological limitations in existing research approaches severely hamper theory building and empirical exploration of teacher learning and collaboration through cyber-enabled networks. They conclude that new frameworks, tools, and techniques are needed to understand and maximize the benefits of teacher networks. The paper presents preliminary data to illuminate both the power and limitations of current tools and techniques for studying cyber-enabled networks using data from a large, mature online network of K-12 educators. The findings raise fundamental questions that are beyond the capability of most education researchers and evaluators to address rigorously and cost-effectively. The authors propose a research agenda designed to create and validate a new generation of research tools and techniques that enable researchers ask more incisive and convergent research questions and help school leaders and teachers support, learn, and collaborate with one another more effectively in cyber-enabled professional communities.
Achievement goal orientation and stimulant misuse in college students (2019)

<b>Objective:</b> The prevalence of stimulant medication misuse is rising in college students. Motivations to use stimulant medications differ from motivation to use other substances such as alcohol or cannabis. However, no previous research has examined the impact of achievement goal orientation on stimulant misuse in college students. <b>Participants:</b> 309 college students (mean age = 18.9; 117 males) without an ADHD diagnosis were invited to participate. <b>Methods:</b> Participants completed an online research questionnaire that assessed factors associated with stimulant medication misuse as well as achievement goal orientations (Learning and Performance Orientations). <b>Results:</b> Approximately 12% endorsed a history of stimulant misuse within the past year. More males (17.1%) than females (9.4%) reported stimulant misuse. Those with and without a history of stimulant misuse differed on Performance Orientation (misuse > no misuse) yet were comparable on Learning Orientation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Having a higher Performance Orientation independently predicted stimulant misuse.
Large Scale Practical Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure <i>cis</i>-4-Amino-3-fluoro-1-methylpiperidine via Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of a Tetrasubstituted Fluoroalkene (2021)

The development of multikilogram scale green and economical synthetic route of enantiomerically pure cis-4-amino-3-fluoro-1-methylpiperidine 1 is described. The synthesis features a highly regio-, chemo-, and enantioselective asymmetric hydrogenation of N-benzyl-4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-fluoro-tetrahydropyridinium chloride 3. No purification or chiral enrichment is necessary due to the high selectivity resulting from proper selection of the catalyst system Rh(NBD)2(BF4) and Walphos 003. The crude product N-benzylpiperidine 4 was carried directly to N-methylpiperidine utilizing a highly effective one-pot debenzylation and reductive amination protocol. The target compound 1·2HCl was prepared in 66–68% overall yield with >99% ee and >98.5% purity from available compound 3-fluoropyridin-4-amine 2 with a process mass intensity of 150.
Conservation of the genes for HC-toxin biosynthesis in Alternaria jesenskae (2013)

This is the first report that the plant virulence factor HC-toxin is made by an organism other than C. carbonum. The genes may have moved by horizontal transfer between the two species, but it cannot be excluded that they were present in a common ancestor and lost from other species of Alternaria and Cochliobolus.