gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetism and ion diffusion in honeycomb layered oxide $${\hbox {K}_2\hbox {Ni}_2\hbox {TeO}_6}$$ (2020)

In the quest for developing novel and efficient batteries, a great interest has been raised for sustainable K-based honeycomb layer oxide materials, both for their application in energy devices as well as for their fundamental material properties. A key issue in the realization of efficient batteries based on such compounds, is to understand the K-ion diffusion mechanism. However, investigation of potassium-ion (K[Formula: see text]) dynamics in materials using e.g. NMR and related techniques has so far been very challenging, due to its inherently weak nuclear magnetic moment, in contrast to other alkali ions such as lithium and sodium. Spin-polarised muons, having a high gyromagnetic ratio, make the muon spin rotation and relaxation ([Formula: see text]SR) technique ideal for probing ions dynamics in these types of energy materials. Here we present a study of the low-temperature magnetic properties as well as K[Formula: see text] dynamics in honeycomb layered oxide material [Formula: see text] using mainly the [Formula: see text]SR technique. Our low-temperature [Formula: see text]SR results together with complementary magnetic susceptibility measurements find an antiferromagnetic transition at [Formula: see text] K. Further [Formula: see text]SR studies performed at higher temperatures reveal that potassium ions (K[Formula: see text]) become mobile above 200 K and the activation energy for the diffusion process is obtained as [Formula: see text] meV. This is the first time that K[Formula: see text] dynamics in potassium-based battery materials has been measured using [Formula: see text]SR. Assisted by high-resolution neutron diffraction, the temperature dependence of the K-ion self diffusion constant is also extracted. Finally our results also reveal that K-ion diffusion occurs predominantly at the surface of the powder particles. This opens future possibilities for potentially improving ion diffusion as well as K-ion battery device performance using nano-structuring and surface coatings of the particles.
Effect of AC Electromagnetic Field on Zeta Potential of Calcium Carbonate (2008)

The influence of an AC electromagnetic field on the interface potentials (zeta potential) of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution was investigated. By using a suspension of calcium carbonate microparticles in an electrolytic solution, we investigated the changes in the zeta potential of the particles by treating them to a weak AC electromagnetic field at different frequencies; the frequencies ranged from 1 to 10 kHz and the magnetic field intensity did not exceed approximately 150 μT. The method adopted for the measurement of the zeta potential is a simple technique that involves observing migrating particles in a handmade electrophoretic cell under a microscope and calculating the potential from their mobility. Consequently, we found that treatment at a specific frequency drastically changes the zeta potential of the particles in addition to causing an inversion of polarity. From this result, we concluded that the drastic change observed at the solid‐liquid interface was due to the AC electromagnetic treatment at a specific frequency (several kilohertz or more). Since the interaction of water, ions, and calcium carbonate with a magnetic field is considerably small, the abovementioned drastic change could be due to an induced electric field accompanying the magnetic field variation. This change is considered to be due to the specific adsorption of anions in the solution on the particle interface.
Noise limitations in millimeter-wave detection via optical upconversion (2005)

Typical radio frequency style millimeter-wave detectors for passive millimeter-wave imaging are limited by the thermal noise floor inherent in microwave and millimeter-wave circuits. This thermal noise, or Johnson noise, can be derived from Rayleigh-Jeans approximation of Planck's blackbody radiation law and is a fundamental limit to the noise levels in such systems. For this reason low-noise amplifiers are typically used at the front end of such high sensitivity receivers to improve their noise equivalent difference temperature. However, such approaches are undesirable in high-noise environments where high signal levels could damage such amplifiers or in large pixel count arrays where the cost of amplification of each pixel becomes prohibitive. Herein, we present an alternate approach to achieving low difference temperatures, which involves upconversion to optical frequencies with subsequent filtering and square-law detection. Through this process the normal thermal noise floor limitations are not relevant as, at such high frequencies, the Rayleigh-Jean’s approximation is no longer valid. In fact, the thermal noise present in the optical regime is diminished to negligible levels at room temperatures and quantum noise becomes the fundamental limit to system performance. In this paper, we present the theoretical and practical limits to reduction of noise equivalent power using optical amplifiers and relate the noise contributions of such amplifiers to the quantum noise limit.
Supplementary Data S2 from Optimizing precision medicine for breast cancer brain metastases with functional drug response assessment. (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Molecular aberrations comparing paired primary breast cancer and brain metastases: Group A case series.&lt;/p&gt;
electrolyte Donor number model as a descriptive tool for chemical Processes. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Adaptive coordinated control of multiple manipulators handling a constrained object (2002)

Adaptive motion, internal force, and external contact force control of multiple manipulators handling a constrained object is achieved. Parametric uncertainties may exist in the manipulator and in the object as well as in the friction coefficients of contact surfaces. A set of transformed dynamic equations are obtained in the joint space, in which internal force and external contact force have the same form and, thus, can be dealt with in the same way. Based on some particular properties of a reformulated motion and force equation, and adaptive algorithm is developed with unknown parameters updated by both motion and force tracking error. The controller guarantees asymptotic motion and force tracking without any persistent excitation condition and has a proportional-integral (PI) force feedback control structure with a low P-gain, so that acausality is avoided. Robustness to bounded velocity and force measurement noise as well as to disturbances of the controller is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detection of the Oxygen Consumption Rate of Migrating Zebrafish by Electrochemical Equalization Systems (2013)

A novel measurement system to determine oxygen consumption rates via respiration in migrating Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been developed. A signal equalization system was adapted to detect oxygen in a chamber with one fish, because typical electrochemical techniques cannot measure respiration activities for migrating organisms. A closed chamber was fabricated using a pipet tip attached to a Pt electrode, and a columnar Vycor glass tip was used as the salt bridge. Pt electrode, which was attached to the chamber with one zebrafish, and Ag electrode were immersed in 10 mM potassium iodide (KI), and both the electrodes were connected externally to form a galvanic cell. Pt and Ag electrodes act as the cathode and anode to reduce oxygen and oxidize silver, respectively, allowing the deposition of insoluble silver iodide (AgI). The AgI acts as the signal source accumulated on the Ag electrode by conversion of oxygen. The amount of AgI deposited on the Ag electrode was determined by cathodic stripping voltammetry. The presence of zebrafish or its embryo led to a decrease in the stripping currents generated by a 10 min conversion of oxygen to AgI. The conversion of oxygen to AgI is disturbed by the migration of the zebrafish and allows the detection of different equalized signals corresponding to respiration activity. The oxygen consumption rates of the zebrafish and its embryo were estimated and determined to be ∼4.1 and 2.4 pmol·s(-1), respectively. The deposited AgI almost completely disappeared with a single stripping process. The signal equalization system provides a method to determine the respiration activities for migrating zebrafish and could be used to estimate environmental risk and for effective drug screening.
MP22-06 PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE SIMPORTAL MAJOR VESSEL INJURY (MVI) REPAIR MODEL (2015)

You have accessJournal of UrologyTechnology & Instruments: Surgical Education & Skills Assessment I1 Apr 2015MP22-06 PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE SIMPORTAL MAJOR VESSEL INJURY (MVI) REPAIR MODEL Domenico Veneziano, Lauren Poniatowski, Troy Reihsen, and Robert Sweet Domenico VenezianoDomenico Veneziano More articles by this author , Lauren PoniatowskiLauren Poniatowski More articles by this author , Troy ReihsenTroy Reihsen More articles by this author , and Robert SweetRobert Sweet More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.1018AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Major vessel injury (MVI) is a common complication associated with laparoscopic surgery that leads to blood loss, conversion to open surgery, multiple organ failure, shock, or death. In this paper we describe the preliminary evaluation of the SimPORTAL Major Vessel Injury (MVI) model, created with the goal of simulating an unintentional intra-corporeal injury to a large vessel. METHODS For this study we created 50 MVI models and enrolled 18 residents (PGY1 to 5). The models were perfused with synthetic blood. Each resident was asked to perform an intracorporeal knot on a penrose drain and to repair the vessel injury on the model in the same laparoscopic setup. During the study, low lights and pulse sounds were used to simulate the OR environment. All participants filled out a survey before and after the task to collect demographic data and to score the model in relation to its realism and applicability. RESULTS We successfully created a model that simulates a critical surgical event. None of the participants reported having previous experience repairing a MVI. Just 6 out of 18 participants were able to perform the intracorporeal knot under the given maximum time limit (6 minutes). 12 residents (66.6%) could repair the MVI model before losing 3litres of synthetic blood. 16 of them agreed that the MVI model should be part of laparoscopic curriculums during residency. The use of pressure sensors inside the vessel could improve the assessment of the task. CONCLUSIONS The SimPORTAL MVI model resulted to be an economically feasible model, well appreciated as a part of laparoscopic curriculum for residents. Further studies and minor improvements will be necessary to add more validity evidence to the model. © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4SApril 2015Page: e243-e244 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Domenico Veneziano More articles by this author Lauren Poniatowski More articles by this author Troy Reihsen More articles by this author Robert Sweet More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Outbreak of mastitis in sheep caused by multi-drug resistant<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>in Sardinia, Italy (2012)

An outbreak of infective mastitis due to Enterococcus faecalis occurred in an intensive sheep farm in north Sardinia (Italy). E. faecalis, which is only rarely isolated from sheep milk, was unexpectedly found in 22·3% of positive samples at microbiological examination. Forty-five out of the 48 E. faecalis isolates showed the same multi-drug resistance pattern (cloxacillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, clindamycin, oxytetracycline). E. faecalis isolates were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and all 45 multi-drug resistant strains showed an indistinguishable macrorestiction profile, indicating their clonal origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak of mastitis in sheep caused by E. faecalis.
Continuous learning systems: postal address readers with built-in learning capability (1999)

While current postal address readers have been adapted and fine tuned once and off-line in a central development lab, the concept of next generation readers presented here will contain a built-in learning capability which can be referred to as continuous learning from letters. This will be performed on different levels of reading and comprehension, enabling the system to adapt itself to slow changes of mail mix and writing conventions. Preconditions of an adaptive reading system are discussed and an outline of such a system is given, which not only keeps track, with the slow changes of input, but also optimizes itself to sire specific conditions, thus guaranteeing an optimal solution at each site and at any time within life cycle. The system presented here is funded by BMBF (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research) within the projects READ and ADAPTIVE READ.
IL-15 promotes activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection (2016)

In HIV-1-infected patients, increased numbers of circulating CD8+ T cells are linked to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Here, we identified a bystander mechanism that promotes CD8 T cell activation and expansion in untreated HIV-1-infected patients. Compared with healthy controls, untreated HIV-1-infected patients have an increased population of proliferating, granzyme B+, CD8+ T cells in circulation. Vβ expression and deep sequencing of CDR3 revealed that in untreated HIV-1 infection, cycling memory CD8 T cells possess a broad T cell repertoire that reflects the repertoire of the resting population. This suggests that cycling is driven by bystander activation, rather than specific antigen exposure. Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with IL-15 induced a cycling, granzyme B+ phenotype in CD8+ T cells. Moreover, elevated IL-15 expression in the lymph nodes of untreated HIV-1-infected patients correlated with circulating CD8+ T cell counts and was normalized in these patients following antiretroviral therapy. Together, these results suggest that IL-15 drives bystander activation of CD8+ T cells, which predicts disease progression in untreated HIV-1-infected patients and suggests that elevated IL-15 may also drive CD8+ T cell expansion that is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in treated patients.
Generation, Characterization, and Transplantation of Immortalized Human Neural Crest Stem Cells (2003)

Recent advances in stem cell biology have aroused wide and intense attention by investi gators as well as the general public because of the stem cells’ broad applications in basic biomedical research and transplantation therapies. Stem cells could be used in tissue transplantation therapies for clinical targets, including neurodegenerative diseases, spinal cord injuries, and strokes, among others. To realize the full potential of human multipotent stem cells, however, further research lies ahead of us.
The integration profile of EIAV-based vectors (2006)

Lentiviral vectors based on equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) stably integrate into dividing and nondividing cells such as neurons, conferring long-term expression of their transgene. The integration profile of an EIAV vector was analyzed in dividing HEK293T cells, alongside an HIV-1 vector as a control, and compared to a random dataset generated in silico. A multivariate regression model was generated and the influence of the following parameters on integration site selection determined: (a) within/not within a gene, (b) GC content within 20 kb, (c) within 10 kb of a CpG island, (d) gene density within a 2-Mb window, and (e) chromosome number. The majority of the EIAV integration sites (68%; n = 458) and HIV-1 integration sites (72%; n = 162) were within a gene, and both vectors favored AT-rich regions. Sites within genes were examined using a second model to determine the influence of the gene-specific parameters, gene region, and transcriptional activity. Both EIAV and HIV-1 vectors preferentially integrated within active genes. Unlike the gammaretrovirus MLV, EIAV and HIV-1 vectors do not integrate preferentially into the promoter region or the 5' end of the transcription unit.
Surface enhanced vibrational spectroscopy for the detection of explosives (2013)

A detector which can detect a broad range of explosives without false alarms is urgently needed. Vibrational spectroscopy provides specific spectral information about molecules enabling the identification of analytes by their “fingerprint” spectra. The low detection limit caused by the inherent weak Raman process can be increased by the Surface Enhanced Raman (SER) effect. This is particularly attractive because it combines low detection limits with high information content for establishing molecular identity. Based on SER spectroscopy we have constructed a modular detection system. Here, we want to show a combination of SER spectroscopy and chemometrics to distinguish between chemically similar substances. Such an approach will finally reduce the false alarm rate. It is still a challenge to determine the limit of detection of the analyte on a SER substrate or its enhancement factor. For physisorbed molecules we have applied a novel approach. By this approach the performance of plasmonic substrates and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) enhancement of explosives can be evaluated. Moreover, novel nanostructured substrates for surface enhanced IR absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy will be presented. The enhancement factor and a limit of detection are estimated.
Learning curve of the 67 steps of conventional total knee replacement: an experimental study (2023)

The results of this study highlight the type of errors made by different trainees. This shows the steep learning curve of conventional instrumentation systems for trainees. Increasing cognitive skills and applying computer-assisted technologies may help trainees overcome this steep learning curve.
Epigenetic regulation of Nurr1 in striatum of rats exposed to permethrin insecticide (2013)

Results: Dopamine level appears decreased in striatum from rats treated during early life with permethrin. The decrease of Nurr1 gene expression in striatum of adolescent rats treated with permethrin could play an important role in the dopamine depletion. Increased promoter methylation of Nurr 1 is the cause of dopaminergic alteration observed in treated rats. These changes also influenced negatively the cognitive behaviour of animals.
Characteristics of a packaged laser‐diode module without band‐stop resonance (2004)

Abstract Circuit parameters for an equivalent circuit model of a laser diode were extracted with an impedance analyzer. Impedance matching can be achieved by eliminating inductive components of the leads in the package by using lumped chip capacitors, whereas it shows resonance dip in the low‐frequency band. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 347–349, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20300
Dual-polarized array antenna composed of triplate-type tapered slot antennas (2002)

A wide bandwidth dual-polarized array antenna composed of tri-plate type tapered slot antennas (T-TSAs) was constructed and tested at X-band. An excellent isolation characteristic was achieved in both ports of the dual polarized array. Other radiation properties such as return loss, radiation pattern and gain had excellent characteristics in both ports. Therefore, the T-TSA element is considered to be a promising element as a wideband dual-polarized array antenna.
Microparticles loaded gellan gum hydrogel matrices: engineering tissues for nucleus pulposus regeneration (2012)

The intervertebral disc central core is made by a gel-like tissue structure composed of more than 80% of water, Nucleus Pulposus (NP). Proteoglycans such as versican and especially aggrecan are the main constituents of the NP matrix as well as collagen type II. The purpose of this work is creating novel Gellan gum-based (GG) hydrogel formulations. GG microparticles (MPs) dispersed in a GG matrix are the novelty for finding application as NP substitute. The ongoing experiment comprises de GG functionalization through methacrylated groups addition. In order to optimize some properties of GG, the functionalization will allow us to improve the water solubility and photopolymerization in situ of the biomaterial. High acyl (HA) and Low acyl (LA) Gellan Gum (GG) at different ratio [75%:25% (v/v); 50%:50% (v/v), 25%:75% (v/v)], HAGG 0.75% and LAGG 2%, were mixed in order to prepare solutions to be used as formulations of GG MPs/hydrogels matrix. The GG MP/hydrogel matrix formulations were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), swelling behaviour and degradation rate. The toxic effect of GG MPs/hydrogel discs leachables onto the cells was investigated in vitro using a mouse lung fibroblast-like cell (L929 cells) line. Live/Dead cell viability assay was performed to assess the encapsulation efficacy; meanwhile DAPI/Phalloidin staining was performed to evaluate cell morphology. The Methacrylated Gellan Gum (GG-MA) was prepared following the protocol [1]. Mechanism reactions occurred in presence of glycidyl methacrylate by addition to a solution of LAGG at 2% (w/v). The reaction was running over 24 h at room temperature controlling the pH at 8.5 with sodium hydroxide 1 M. GG MPs size was measured using a stereo microscope by staining the MPs with Toluidine Blue-O. This method also allowed evaluating the MPs dispersion and matrix cohesion. From DMA analysis it was observed that the range of 50–500 mg/mL of incorporated MPs is the optimal concentration to reinforce GG matrices. It was demonstrated the non–cytotoxic effect of MPs/hydrogels over L929 cells. In fact, L929 cells were successfully encapsulated in all GG formulations GG MPs and remaining viable over 72 h of culturing. The resulting product from methacrylation reaction was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance to assess the reaction efficiency and the degree of substitution. Methacrylated Gellan gum and GG MP/hydrogel matrix are promising hydrogels to be used in tissue engineering strategies for treatment of the degenerated NP.
Related Tasks can Share! A Multi-task Framework for Affective language (2020)

Expressing the polarity of sentiment as 'positive' and 'negative' usually have limited scope compared with the intensity/degree of polarity. These two tasks (i.e. sentiment classification and sentiment intensity prediction) are closely related and may offer assistance to each other during the learning process. In this paper, we propose to leverage the relatedness of multiple tasks in a multi-task learning framework. Our multi-task model is based on convolutional-Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) framework, which is further assisted by a diverse hand-crafted feature set. Evaluation and analysis suggest that joint-learning of the related tasks in a multi-task framework can outperform each of the individual tasks in the single-task frameworks.