gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Finite Element Study about CAM-Out Failure of the Recess-Screwdriver Interfaces for the Cold-Welded Periarticular Fixation (2012)

ABSTRACT In clinical practice, cam-out failure at the recess-screwdriver interfaces may occur when tightening or removing a bone screw. For titanium-based periarticular fixation, the literature reports have revealed that cold welding at the plate-screw interfaces makes the screw recess especially prone to cam-out failure during screw removal. In this study, the effects of the four recess shapes (cross, hexagon, star, and crest), three torque value (0.8, 1.0, and 1.2N-m), and the three interfacial misfits (0.00, 0.05, and 0.10mm) on the cam-out failure were numerically evaluated. The free-rotation angle, torque-recess angle, slippage-resisting length, and interfacial stress distribution were defined and chosen as comparison indices for the twelve recess-misfit variations. The results revealed that the interfacial slippage, torque transfer, and stress distribution are highly related to both recess shape and interfacial misfit. The stresses of all recesses and screwdrivers consistently initiate at the contact sites. However, the recess profile significantly affects the stress propagation. The stress patterns of the recess and screwdriver are quite different between the cross-star and hexagon-crest groups. The cross-star group is superior to the hexagon-crest group in terms of the torque-recess angle and slippage-resisting length over. This makes the recess of the cross-star group less stressed than its counterpart. However, the volumes of the cross and the star screwdriver are more highly stressed than the hexagon due to the irregular shape and the thinner flange, respectively. The greater torque and misfit increase the performance difference between the four recess designs. In conclusion, the geometry of the cross and star groups provide the better performance of the screw recess in terms of torque-transferring efficiency and slippage-resisting ability. If the screwdriver material is properly strengthened and the stress-concentrating corners are modified, the cross and star groups would be the optimal designs that protects and extends the lifetime of both recess and reused screwdriver.
The nuclear bile acid receptor <scp>FXR</scp> controls the liver derived tumor suppressor histidine‐rich glycoprotein (2014)

The nuclear bile acid receptor Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is strongly expressed in liver and intestine, controls bile acid and lipid homeostasis and exerts tumor-protective functions in liver and intestine. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein produced by the liver with the proposed function as a pattern recognition molecule involved in the clearance of immune complexes, necrotic cells and pathogens, the modulation of angiogenesis, the normalization of deranged endothelial vessel structure in tumors and tumor suppression. FXR recognition sequences were identified within a human HRG promoter fragment that mediated FXR/FXR-agonist dependent reporter gene activity in vitro. We show that HRG is a novel transcriptional target gene of FXR in human hepatoma cells, human upcyte® primary hepatocytes and 3D human liver microtissues in vitro and in mouse liver in vivo. Prolonged administration of the potent nonsteroidal FXR agonist PX20606 increases HRG levels in mouse plasma. Finally, daily oral administration of this FXR agonist for seven days resulted in a significant increase of HRG levels in the plasma of healthy human male volunteers during a clinical Phase I safety study. HRG might serve as a surrogate marker indicative of liver-specific FXR activation in future human clinical studies. Furthermore, potent FXR agonists might be beneficial in serious health conditions where HRG is reduced, for example, in hepatocellular carcinoma but also other solid cancers, liver failure, sepsis and pre-eclampsia.
Phase I/II study of Resiquimod as an immunologic adjuvant for NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination in patients with melanoma (2013)

Meeting abstracts The TLR 7/8 agonist, Resiquimod has been shown to induce local activation of immune cells, production of cytokines, and antigen-presentation by dendritic cells, features desirable for cancer vaccine adjuvants. In this study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of
Antimonide-Based Compound Semiconductors for Low-Power Electronics (2013)

Abstract : Quantum wells formed from antimonide-based compound semiconductors are exploited in n-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) operating at high speeds with ultra-low power consumption. Compressive strain enhances hole mobilities making these materials strong candidates for p-channel FETs and complementary circuits. Recent work focuses on incorporation of gate oxides and integration of n- and p-channel FETs.
Vsx1 and Vsx2: Two Chx10‐like homeobox genes expressed in overlapping domains in the adult goldfish retina (1997)

The genetic linkages of the murine ocular retardation mutation with the Chx10 gene and the murine small eye mutation with the Pax-6 gene has demonstrated the importance of Paired class homeobox genes in the development of the mammalian retina. Previously, we identified a Paired-class homeobox gene, Vsx-1, whose expression in the adult goldfish retina is restricted to the inner nuclear layer (INL) and to postmitotic, differentiating progenitor cells in the growth zone at the retinal peripheral margin, where neurogenesis continues throughout life. Here, we report the molecular cloning and expression pattern of a new Paired class homeobox gene, Vsx-2, in the adult goldfish retina. Like Vsx-1, Vsx-2 expression is highly restricted to the retina in the adult goldfish and overlaps with Vsx-1 expression in the mature INL. At the peripheral margin, Vsx-2 is expressed in mitotically active neuronal progenitors and is downregulated as these cells become postmitotic and begin to differentiate. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of Vsx-2, Vsx-1, Chx10, and C. elegans ceh-10 reveal a conserved homeodomain and a unique domain termed the CVC domain. The similarities of the Vsx-2, Vsx-1, and Chx10 expression patterns suggest that genes containing the CVC domain have conserved functions during retinal development in vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 387:439–448, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optogenetics for controlling seizure circuits for translational approaches (2023)

The advent of optogenetic tools has had a profound impact on modern neuroscience research, revolutionizing our understanding of the brain. These tools offer a remarkable ability to precisely manipulate specific groups of neurons with an unprecedented level of temporal precision, on the order of milliseconds. This breakthrough has significantly advanced our knowledge of various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the brain. Within the realm of epilepsy research, optogenetic tools have played a crucial role in investigating the contributions of different neuronal populations to the generation of seizures and hyperexcitability. By selectively activating or inhibiting specific neurons using optogenetics, researchers have been able to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and identify key players involved in epileptic activity. Moreover, optogenetic techniques have also been explored as innovative therapeutic strategies for treating epilepsy. These strategies aim to halt seizure progression and alleviate symptoms by utilizing the precise control offered by optogenetics. The application of optogenetic tools has provided valuable insights into the intricate workings of the brain during epileptic episodes. For instance, researchers have discovered how distinct interneuron populations contribute to the initiation of seizures (ictogenesis). They have also revealed how remote circuits in regions such as the cerebellum, septum, or raphe nuclei can interact with hyperexcitable networks in the hippocampus. Additionally, studies have demonstrated the potential of closed-loop systems, where optogenetics is combined with real-time monitoring, to enable precise, on-demand control of seizure activity. Despite the immense promise demonstrated by optogenetic approaches, it is important to acknowledge that many of these techniques are still in the early stages of development and have yet to reach potential clinical applications. The transition from experimental research to practical clinical use poses numerous challenges. In this review, we aim to introduce optogenetic tools, provide a comprehensive survey of their application in epilepsy research, and critically discuss their current potential and limitations in achieving successful clinical implementation for the treatment of human epilepsy. By addressing these crucial aspects, we hope to foster a deeper understanding of the current state and future prospects of optogenetics in epilepsy treatment.
R-factor carriage in a group F vibrio isolated from Bangladesh (1980)

Two group F vibrio organisms have been identified among a collection of vibrio strains isolated from the aquatic environment in Bangladesh. Neither group F strain produced a cholera-like enterotoxin. One of the isolates, BV12, contained an R plasmid conferring resistance to streptomycin and chloramphenicol.
High-speed multiphoton absorption polymerization: fabrication of microfluidic channels with arbitrary cross-sections and high aspect ratios (2010)

We demonstrate the use of high-speed, multiphoton absorption polymerization (MAP) for the fabrication of large-area microfluidic master structures. High-speed fabrication in SU8 without laser-induced damage is made possible by the use of a novel photoacid generator with a high two-photon-absorption cross-section. Master structures fabricated with MAP can be used to produce polydimethylsiloxane microchannels with high aspect ratios and/or arbitrary cross-sections. Microchannels with different cross-sections and heights can be combined readily in a single device. This fabrication technique significantly increases the diversity of channel architectures available for microfluidic devices.
The Effect of Germanium Fraction on High-Field Band-to-Band Tunneling in ${\rm p}^{+}$-SiGe/${\rm n}^{+}$-SiGe Junctions in Forward and Reverse Biases (2013)

The dependence of band-to-band tunneling in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm p}^{+}\hbox{-}{\rm Si}_{1-x}{\rm Ge}_{x}/{\rm n}^{+}\hbox{-}{\rm Si}_{1-x}{\rm Ge}_{x}$</tex></formula> homojunctions on Ge fraction and electric field is investigated in the range <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$2\hbox{--}3\times 10^{8}~{\rm V}/{\rm m}$</tex></formula> . Negative differential resistance (NDR) in forward bias is observed for each device with the highest peak tunneling-current density of 8.2 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm kA}/{\rm cm}^{2}$</tex></formula> without any postannealing step. Reverse-biased band-to-band tunneling, as relevant for tunneling field-effect transistors, is also measured. Tunneling via junction defects can mask band-to-band tunneling and the observation of NDR at forward bias confirms negligible tunneling via those defects. Both forward-biased and reverse-biased data are compared with models versus electric field and Ge fraction.
Reverse and flick: Hybrid locomotion in bacteria (2011)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Design of Dispersants for the Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in an Organic Solvent (2007)

Abstract The effect of dispersant structures for dispersing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is investigated. The monomer 3‐hexylthiophene is used as the starting material for the development of a series of oligomers that are used to disperse SWCNTs in an organic solvent. The series is obtained by varying the number of head groups, the regioregularity of head groups, and the head‐to‐tail ratios of the hexyl group in the oligomers. The SWCNT solutions are characterized with UV‐vis–near‐IR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. An increase in the number of head groups improves the dispersity of SWCNTs, and a regioregular oligomer plays an important role in dispersing SWCNTs. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the sulfur atom head groups enhance interactions between the thiophenes and the SWCNT walls. The analysis demonstrated that a well‐designed thiophene oligomer could afford well‐dispersed SWCNT solutions with long‐term dispersion stability, even with an extremely low dispersant concentration (weight ratio of CNTs/dispersant is one and the dispersant concentration is 0.1 g L –1 ).
Substrates of the prostate-specific serine protease prostase/KLK4 defined by positional-scanning peptide libraries (2004)

These results identify potential KLK4 substrates that may serve to define the role of this protease in normal prostate physiology, and facilitate studies of the consequences of KLK4 expression in pathological conditions.
Formation and characterisation of Mn-MIL-100 (2012)

The synthesis and characterisation of the Mn-based analogue of the MIL-100 framework is reported. The title compound is synthesised from a methanolic solution of trimesic acid and manganese(II) nitrate in very short reaction times. During the reaction, the Mn2+ ions are oxidized in situ to Mn3+ ions. The obtained MOF was characterised by XRPD measurements, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric measurements and sorption experiments. To have a closer look at the crystallisation occurring after the in situ metal oxidation reaction that results in the formation of the title compound, in situ EDXRPD experiments under solvothermal conditions were carried out. These time-resolved measurements could be evaluated by two different kinetic models (by Avrami and Gualtieri) for crystallisation. The results indicate a two stage reaction process, which is dominated by different reaction mechanisms.
Online Method for Characterization of the Homogeneity of Rubber Compounds Filled with Non-Conductive Carbon Black (2006)

Abstract In the present work, the effect of carbon black (CB) type on the electrical conductance of CB filled rubber compounds measured online in the internal mixer and the corresponding CB dispersion were investigated. The CB dispersion is strongly affected by the specific surface area and structure of CB which can be directly monitored by use of the online electrical conductance method. The effect of CB mixture ratio of a high conductive CB and a non-conductive one on the online electrical conductance was investigated for CB filled rubber compounds. By addition of a small amount of a high-conductive CB type into a non-conductive CB filled rubber compound, a characteristic online conductance - time characteristic is observed that is a result of the formation of a joint network of the two CB types. It could be shown, that such a characteristic is suitable to monitor the dispersion process of the non-conductive CB in the rubber compound.
Solubility of root‐canal sealers in water and artificial saliva (2003)

Under the conditions of the present study, AH Plus showed the least weight loss of all sealers tested, independent of the solubility medium used. Sealapex, Aptal-Harz and Ketac Endo had a marked weight loss in all liquids.
Defining Depression and Bipolar Disorder (2017)

Abstract Chapter 1 reviews the epidemiology of depression and bipolar disorder; the definition of the disorders; and psychological, social, and biological factors that have been shown to increase the risk of mood disorders in children and adolescents. Two major developments have taken place since the publication of the previous edition of this volume: new population-based studies and the publication of the DSM-5. The epidemiologic data reported in the previous edition were based on studies of adults and extrapolated rates in youth from retrospective reports of age of onset. Since then, a number of large-scale, population-based studies of children and adolescents have been conducted. This chapter presents new data directly derived from U.S. epidemiologic studies of youth either nationally or based on a selected community. The chapter also updates risk factors based on more current research and speculates on the implications of the DSM-5 criteria changes.
A Luminance Expansion Method for Displaying HDR Video in SDR Display (2023)

HDR video is possible to display the maximum 1200% luminance, however, it is limited in SDR display. In this study, we expand high luminance area considering with perceptual performance to improve a presentation performance of HDR video in the SDR display. As results of objective experiments, it is recognized that the proposed method can improve the presentation performance maximally 0.8dB in WPSNR.
The Effect of Polymer Structures on the Ionic Association of LiClO4 in Polyether‐Based Network Polymer Electrolytes Studied by FT‐Raman Scattering Spectroscopy (1995)

The correlation between ionic association and matrix structures has been studied by using FT‐Raman spectroscopy in three different network polymer electrolytes; poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polypropylene oxide) (PPO), and poly[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxyethyl glycidyl ether)] (PMEEGE), all complexed with . The molar ratios of free anions to total anions for each network polymer have been estimated. The observed differences in the ionic association for the three network polymers may come from the differences in ion‐coordination abilities of the matrix polymers.
µCT to quantify muco-obstructive lung disease and effects of neutrophil elastase knockout in mice (2022)

Muco-obstructive lung diseases are characterized by airway obstruction and hyperinflation, which can be quantified by imaging. Our aim was to evaluate µCT for longitudinal quantification of muco-obstructive lung disease in β-epithelial Na<sup>+</sup> channel overexpressing (<i>Scnn1b</i>-TG) mice and of the effects of neutrophil elastase (NE) knockout on its progression. Lungs from wild-type (WT), NE<sup>-/-</sup>, <i>Scnn1b</i>-TG, and <i>Scnn1b</i>-TG/NE<sup>-/-</sup> mice were scanned with 9-µm resolution at 0, 5, 14, and 60 days of age, and airway and parenchymal disease was quantified. Mucus adhesion lesions (MAL) were persistently increased in <i>Scnn1b</i>-TG compared with WT mice from 0 days (20.25 ± 6.50 vs. 9.60 ± 2.07, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and this effect was attenuated in <i>Scnn1b</i>-TG/NE<sup>-/-</sup> mice (5.33 ± 3.67, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Airway wall area percentage (WA%) was increased in <i>Scnn1b</i>-TG mice compared with WT from 14 days onward (59.2 ± 6.3% vs. 49.8 ± 9.0%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) but was similar in <i>Scnn1b</i>-TG/NE<sup>-/-</sup> compared with WT at 60 days (46.4 ± 9.2% vs. 45.4 ± 11.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.97). Air proportion (Air%) and mean linear intercept (<i>L</i><sub>m</sub>) were persistently increased in <i>Scnn1b</i>-TG compared with WT from 5 days on (53.9 ± 4.5% vs. 30.0 ± 5.5% and 78.82 ± 8.44 µm vs. 65.66 ± 4.15 µm, respectively, <i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas in <i>Scnn1b</i>-TG/NE<sup>-/-</sup>, Air% and <i>L</i><sub>m</sub> were similar to WT from birth (27.7 ± 5.5% vs. 27.2 ± 5.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.92 and 61.48 ± 9.20 µm vs. 61.70 ± 6.73 µm, <i>P</i> = 0.93, respectively). Our results suggest that µCT is sensitive to detect the onset and progression of muco-obstructive lung disease and effects of genetic deletion of NE on morphology of airways and lung parenchyma in <i>Scnn1b</i>-TG mice, and that it may serve as a sensitive endpoint for preclinical studies of novel therapeutic interventions for muco-obstructive lung diseases.
Fluorescent Convertible Capsule Coding Systems for Individual Cell Labeling and Tracking (2021)

In modern biomedical science and developmental biology, there is significant interest in optical tagging to study individual cell behavior and migration in large cellular populations. However, there is currently no tagging system that can be used for labeling individual cells on demand <i>in situ</i> with subsequent discrimination in between and long-term tracking of individual cells. In this article, we demonstrate such a system based on photoconversion of the fluorescent dye rhodamine B co-confined with carbon nanodots in the volume of micron-sized polyelectrolyte capsules. We show that this new fluorescent convertible capsule coding system is robust and is actively uptaken by cell lines while demonstrating low toxicity. Using a variety of cellular lines, we demonstrate how this tagging system can be used for code-like marking and long-term tracking of multiple individual cells in large cellular populations.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Sef Downregulation by Ras Causes MEK1/2 to Become Aberrantly Nuclear Localized Leading to Polyploidy and Neoplastic Transformation (2023)

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Influence of interleukin-1 on the morphology and proteoglycan metabolism of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes (1992)

Bovine articular chondrocytes cultured in agarose gel in the presence of serum elaborated a highly organized extracellular matrix rich in proteoglycans and collagens. The cultures were evaluated quantitatively by radiosulfate labeling of proteoglycans, and by densitometry following staining with alcian blue. In addition, immunohistochemical methods were used to demonstrate the presence of several components of cartilage proteoglycan molecules. Treatment with Interleukin-1 (Il-1) or retinol resulted in diminished synthesis and enhanced catabolism of matrix proteoglycans, but the chondrocytes were more sensitive to human recombinant Il-1 alpha than to Il-1 beta. Treatment with Il-1 alpha or retinol resulted in a profound disorganization of the residual matrix around the majority of the chondrocytes, while Il-1 beta caused much less severe changes. Some variation in cellular response to Il-1 alpha may result from the heterogeneity previously reported among articular chondrocytes.
On Parallelizing Matrix Multiplication by the Column-Row Method (2013)

We consider the problem of sparse matrix multiplication by the column row method in a distributed setting where the matrix product is not necessarily sparse. We present a surprisingly simple method for “consistent” parallel processing of sparse outer products (column-row vector products) over several processors, in a communication-avoiding setting where each processor has a copy of the input. The method is consistent in the sense that a given output entry is always assigned to the same processor independently of the specific structure of the outer product. We show guarantees on the work done by each processor, and achieve linear speedup down to the point where the cost is dominated by reading the input. Our method gives a way of distributing (or parallelizing) matrix product computations in settings where the main bottlenecks are storing the result matrix, and inter-processor communication. Motivated by observations on real data that often the absolute values of the entries in the product adhere to a power law, we combine our approach with frequent items mining algorithms and show how to obtain a tight approximation of the weight of the heaviest entries in the product matrix. As a case study we present the application of our approach to frequent pair mining in transactional data streams, a problem that can be phrased in terms of sparse {0,1}-integer matrix multiplication by the column-row method. Experimental evaluation of the proposed method on real-life data supports the theoretical findings.