gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soliton Microcombs Multiplexing Using Intracavity-Stimulated Brillouin Lasers (2023)

Solitons in microresonators have spurred intriguing nonlinear optical physics and photonic applications. Here, by combining Kerr and Brillouin nonlinearities in an over-modal microcavity, we demonstrate spatial multiplexing of soliton microcombs under a single external laser pumping operation. This demonstration offers an ideal scheme to realize highly coherent dual-comb sources in a compact, low-cost and energy-efficient manner, with uniquely low beating noise. Moreover, by selecting the dual-comb modes, the repetition rate difference of a dual-comb pair could be flexibly switched, ranging from 8.5 to 212 MHz. Beyond dual-comb, the high-density mode geometry allows the cascaded Brillouin lasers, driving the co-generation of up to 5 space-multiplexing frequency combs in distinct mode families. This Letter offers a novel physics paradigm for comb interferometry and provides a widely appropriate tool for versatile applications such as comb metrology, spectroscopy, and ranging.
&lt;title&gt;Excimer lasers for material ablation cross the 1.5 kHz mark&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

Industrial applications of excimer laser include fabrication of multi-chip modules, ink jet nozzles and TFT annealing of flat panel displays. For more than a decade these applications and the deep-UV-lithography pushed the excimer laser technology to improved performance and lower cost. As a result, highly reliable laser systems have been developed, which utilize state of the art technologies like metal ceramic laser tubes, solid state switching circuits and solid state halogen generation.High repetition rate lasers are suitable for micromachining applications especially in the direct structuring mode. Depending on the processing parameter the throughput and operating cost of such a high repetition rate system will be advantageous compared to standard laser systems. In the absence of other process inherent limitations, the processing time both for 2D and 3D laser ablation are proportional to the lasers pulse repetition rate. While most industrial lasers are limited to 300 Hz repetition rate, the developed laser operates up to 1.5 kHz.
Healthy Life-Year Costs of Treatment Speed From Arrival to Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients With Ischemic Stroke (2021)

In this study, care delays were associated with loss of healthy life-years in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with EVT, particularly in the postarrival time period. The finding that every 1 second of delay was associated with loss of 2.2 hours of healthy life may encourage continuous quality improvement in door-to-treatment times.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Perfluoro‐2‐methylpentene‐2 with O‐Nucleophiles. (1986)

Abstract Das Perfluorisohexen (I) reagiert mit den Alkoholen (II) zu den Addukten (IIIa) neben dem Isohexan (IIIb), den Enolethern (IV) und (V) sowie den Diethern (VI).
Behavior-based email analysis with application to spam detection (2006)

Email is killer network application. Email is ubiquitous and pervasive. In a relatively short timeframe, Internet has become irrevocably and deeply entrenched in our modern society primarily due to power of its communication substrate linking people and organizations around globe. Much work on email technology has focused on making email easy to use, permitting a wide variety of information and information types to be conveniently, reliably, and efficiently sent throughout Internet. However, analysis of vast storehouse of email content accumulated or produced by individual users has received relatively little attention other than for specific tasks such as spam and virus filtering. As one paper in literature puts it, the state of art is still a messy desktop (Denning, 1982). 
The Problem: Email clients provide only partial information - users have to manage much on their own, making it hard to search or prioritize large amounts of email. Our thesis is that advanced data mining can provide new opportunities for applications to increase email productivity and extract new information from email archives. 
This thesis presents an implemented framework for data mining behavior models from email data. The Email Mining Toolkit (EMT) is a data mining toolkit designed to analyze offline email corpora, including entire set of email sent and received by an individual user, revealing much information about individual users as well as behavior of groups of users in an organization. A number of machine learning and anomaly detection algorithms are embedded in system to model user's email behavior in order to classify email for a variety of tasks. The work has been successfully applied to tasks of clustering and classification of similar emails, spam detection, and forensic analysis to reveal information about user's behavior. 
We organize core functionality of EMT into a lightweight package called Profiling Email Toolkit (PET). A novel contribution in PET is focus on analyzing real time email flow information from both an individual and an organization in a standard framework. PET includes new algorithms that combine multiple models using a variety of features extracted from email to achieve higher accuracy and lower false positive than any one individual model for a variety of analytical tasks.
Atom interferometric navigation sensors (2010)

Gyroscopes and accelerometers based on atom interferometry have demonstrated superb noise, bias and scale factor figures of merit in laboratory instruments. This paper will review basic physical principles motivating these characteristics, and summarize efforts to realize fieldable prototype instruments.
Energy-dense Li metal anodes enabled by thin film electrolytes (2020)

Next-generation, energy-dense, rechargeable lithium batteries require Li metal anodes that provide ten times the specific capacity of state-of-the-art graphite anodes. But, there are many challenges to the successful utilization of Li anodes, including high chemical reactivity and the propensity to deposit into non-dense, high surface area morphologies, which can result in dendritic growth and significant, associated safety hazards, such as short-circuiting and potential combustion of the liquid electrolyte. Solid-state thin film electrolytes have been used to address both of these challenges. In this review, we will provide an overview of thin film battery designs, highlighting the role of thin film electrolytes, lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) in particular, in enabling highly reversible, efficient cycling of Li metal anodes. We then discuss progress in thin film electrolyte compositions and vacuum deposition processing that has occurred in roughly the past 20 years. It will be shown how these novel electrolyte compositions and processing capabilities have been used to integrate thin film electrolytes with bulk Li metal anodes required for large format energy storage cells, such as those used in consumer electronics and electric vehicles. We end the review with a brief outlook on the outstanding questions and potential future research directions.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Acetylation and Bromination Reactions of Benzo(b)naphtho( 2,3‐e)(1,4)dioxin. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Change in the Pd Oxidation State during Light-Off of Three-Way Catalysis Analyzed by <i>in situ</i> Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (2020)

The changes in the oxidation state of supported Pd catalysts during light-off of NO–CO–C3H6–O2 reactions were evaluated during temperature ramp up and down cycles (10 °C min–1) under fuel-rich (air-to-fuel ratio, A/F = 14.1) and fuel-lean (A/F = 15.0) conditions. Real-time analysis of the Pd oxidation state was carried out by acquiring a diffuse reflectance at a wavelength of 450 nm every second. The correlation between the Kubelka–Munk function and the Pd oxidation state was confirmed by Pd 3d X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. At the onset of the catalytic reaction, the oxidized Pd species (PdO) supported on Al2O3 was converted to metallic Pd to a varying extent, depending on whether the provided gas feed was rich or lean. Under the rich conditions, >70% of Pd was reduced during light-off, which remained unchanged following the completion of the reaction and the subsequent temperature ramp down. Even under lean conditions, >40% of Pd on the surface was temporally reduced to the metallic state at 300 °C, although the thermodynamic estimation revealed that Pd should be stable in the oxide form. The obtained outcomes suggest that the real catalyst surface at the onset of light-off should be in a more reductive environment than that estimated from the equilibrium O2 concentration in the gas phase. This is because the Pd surface site was predominantly occupied by the adsorbed CO and/or C3H6. Nevertheless, following the completion of light-off at ≥400 °C, the Pd surface was immediately reoxidized, as the surface concentration of CO/C3H6 became negligible. The Pd reduction during light-off under lean conditions was determined to be considerably less pronounced when using the oxygen storage CeO2–ZrO2 support. Because of its oxygen storage and release abilities, the reductive atmosphere of the Pd surface was mitigated, and the three-phase boundary formed at the interface with CeO2–ZrO2 provided suitable active sites for the CO/C3H6 light-off at the lowest possible temperatures.
REFLECTIVE CRACKING ON C-SHRP LONG TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE SITES (2000)

Reflective cracking is associated with the premature occurrence of cracks on overlays at positions and orientations that correspond to locations of cracks in lower pavement layers. The paper reports on a study commissioned by the Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program (C-SHRP) to evaluate reflective cracking trends on the Long Term Pavement Performance (C-LTPP) test sections. The C-LTPP sites have been in operation since 1989 and 1990. The paper outlines the data available to the study and in detail discusses three examples of the twenty-four test sites. The three selected sites are located in Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. These sites provide an insight into reflective cracking under varying climatic conditions and traffic volumes. At each C-LTPP site, two to four side-by-side test sections were constructed with the purpose of studying and optimizing rehabilitation strategies. One of the sections represented the provincial agency's typical design while other alternatives considered a different overlay thickness or another design factor such as the use of recycled or modified binders. The results included comparison of cracking extents in original and overlaid pavements and the annual progression of cracking. Since reflective cracking appears early in the pavement life, the comparisons were based on the first five years of operation. The study provides essential information on the performance of the test sections to C-SHRP and Canadian highway agencies. For the covering abstract see ITRD E109276.
Activated protein C resistance assay performance: improvement by sample dilution with factor V-deficient plasma. (1998)

Predilution of patient plasma with factor V-deficient plasma results in improved sensitivity and specificity of the COATEST APC Resistance Kit, thus offering a simple modification to enhance APC resistance determination in the routine clinical laboratory setting.
Exercise electrocardiography and computed tomography coronary angiography: use of combined functional and anatomical testing in stable angina pectoris (2020)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States in both men and women (1). It is therefore crucial to have optimal diagnostic modalities for diagnosis, prognostication and follow up of CAD patients. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is advantageous in its ability to delineate coronary anatomy, including evaluation of the arterial lumen and surrounding atherosclerotic plaque to identify presence and severity of CAD. CCTA also allows evaluation of plaque composition and identifying those with high risk features (2). In addition, the inference of the physiologic, flow-limiting significance of anatomically detected lesions is possible, further aiding clinical decision making for physicians (3-5).
Coronary Microvascular Functional Reserve: Quantification of Long-term Changes with Electron-Beam CT—Preliminary Results in a Porcine Model (2001)

Electron-beam CT may be of value for quantifying long-term changes in intramyocardial microvascular function.
Optomechanical Wavelength and Energy Conversion in High-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>Double-Layer Cavities of Photonic Crystal Slabs (2006)

We demonstrate that ultrasmall double-layer photonic-crystal-slab cavities exhibit a very high-Q value for a wide range of the layer spacing, which enables us to realize unique optomechanical coupling. By mechanically varying the separation, we can achieve extraordinarily large wavelength conversion. In addition, the light stored in the cavity can generate a large radiation force. We show that this system exhibits extremely high energy conversion efficiency between optical and mechanical energy, leading to a novel approach for the optomechanical control of light and matter.
Prospective Feasibility Trial for Genomics-Informed Treatment in Recurrent and Progressive Glioblastoma (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Glioblastoma is an aggressive and molecularly heterogeneous cancer with few effective treatment options. We hypothesized that next-generation sequencing can be used to guide treatment recommendations within a clinically acceptable time frame following surgery for patients with recurrent glioblastoma.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We conducted a prospective genomics-informed feasibility trial in adults with recurrent and progressive glioblastoma. Following surgical resection, genome-wide tumor/normal exome sequencing and tumor RNA sequencing were performed to identify molecular targets for potential matched therapy. A multidisciplinary molecular tumor board issued treatment recommendations based on the genomic results, blood-brain barrier penetration of the indicated therapies, drug-drug interactions, and drug safety profiles. Feasibility of generating genomics-informed treatment recommendations within 35 days of surgery was assessed.<b>Results:</b> Of the 20 patients enrolled in the study, 16 patients had sufficient tumor tissue for analysis. Exome sequencing was completed for all patients, and RNA sequencing was completed for 14 patients. Treatment recommendations were provided within the study's feasibility time frame for 15 of 16 (94%) patients. Seven patients received treatment based on the tumor board recommendations. Two patients reached 12-month progression-free survival, both adhering to treatments based on the molecular profiling results. One patient remained on treatment and progression free 21 months after surgery, 3 times longer than the patient's previous time to progression. Analysis of matched nonenhancing tissue from 12 patients revealed overlapping as well as novel putatively actionable genomic alterations.<b>Conclusions:</b> Use of genome-wide molecular profiling is feasible and can be informative for guiding real-time, central nervous system-penetrant, genomics-informed treatment recommendations for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 295-305. ©2017 AACR</i><i>See related commentary by Wick and Kessler, p. 256</i>.
Electromagnetic cascade: High-energy electron beam collisions with intense laser pulses (2016)

The interaction of a high-energy electron beam with an intense laser pulse with subsequent production of photons, and electron positron pairs is studied. It is shown that charged particles in the strong electromagnetic field experience multiple emissions of photons, leading to the fast depletion of particle energy. The final distributions of electrons, positrons, and photons are calculated for the case of a high-energy electron beam interacting with a counterstreaming, short intense laser pulse.
Study of Group Robots Adaptively Forming A Mechanical Structure. Effect of Mechanical Properties of Cellular Robots on Forming the Structure. (1998)

This paper describes group robots which adaptively forms a mechanical structure. The group robots consist of identical cellular robots. Each cellular robot has same mechanical structure and control functions. We examined the specs of the cellular robots to generate harmonized grouping behavior by themselves under the following condition. There is a cliff on the ground, where a substance is going to move forward. The mission of the group robots is to support the substance by forming a mechanical structure like a bridge according to the movement. This paper mainly discussed the mechanical specs of the cellular robot required for execution of the mission. We pointed out that three mechanical parameters on sensing stress of the cellular robot are essential for formation of the structure. The formation of the structure was examined by computer simulations discussing the effect of the mechanical parameters.
Recovery of consolidation after sleep following experimental stroke – interaction of slow waves, spindles and GABA (2021)

ABSTRACT Sleep is known to be important for promoting recovery after brain injuries such as stroke. Yet, it remains unclear how such injuries affect neural processing during sleep and how to precisely enhance sleep-dependent memory processing during recovery. Using an experimental model of focal cortical stroke in rats along with long-term electrophysiological monitoring of neural firing and sleep microarchitecture, here we show that sleep-dependent neural processing is altered after stroke induction. Specifically, we found that the precise coupling of spindles to global slow- oscillations (SO), a phenomenon that is known to be important for memory consolidation, appeared to be disrupted by a pathological increase in “isolated” local delta waves. The transition from this pathological to a more physiological sleep state – with both a reduction in isolated delta waves and increased spindle coupling to SO – was associated with sustained performance gains after task training during recovery. Interestingly, post-injury sleep processing could be pushed towards a more physiological state via a pharmacological reduction of tonic GABA. Together, our results suggest that sleep processing after cortical brain injuries may be impaired due to an increase in local delta waves and that restoration of physiological processing is important for recovery of task performance.
Supplementary Table S1 from The CHK1 Inhibitor Prexasertib Exhibits Monotherapy Activity in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Models and Sensitizes to PARP Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Characterization of high-grade serous ovarian cancer models&lt;/p&gt;
SMART: The microstent's ability to limit restenosis trial (2001)

In this randomized, prospective, multicenter trial (n = 661) of patients with de novo or restenotic coronary lesions, 330 patients received the MicroStent(R) II (MSII), and 331 received the Palmaz-Schatz (PS) stent. The short-term procedural success rates were 94.4% and 95.7%, respectively (P = 0.47). The 30-day cumulative incidence of major adverse events [death, myocardial infarction, CVA, target lesion revascularization (TLR)] was 6.4% for the MSII and 4.5% for the PS stent (P = 0.31). The in-stent binary restenosis rate at 6 months was 25.2% for the MSII and 22.1% for the PS stent (P = 0.636). Using Kaplan-Meier estimates, the incidence of clinically driven TLR was 8.9% for the MSII and 9.2% for the PS stent at 180 days; at 270 days, it was 12.8% and 12.1%, respectively (P = 0.83). MSII and the PS stents were comparable with respect to short-term procedural success, complications, and late clinical and angiographic restenosis.
Termite mounds differ in their importance for herbivores across savanna types, seasons and spatial scales (2015)

Herbivores do not forage uniformly across landscapes, but select for patches of higher nutrition and lower predation risk. Macrotermes mounds contain higher concentrations of soil nutrients and support grasses of higher nutritional value than the surrounding savanna matrix, attracting mammalian grazers that preferentially forage on termite mound vegetation. However, little is known about the spatial extent of such termite influence on grazing patterns and how it might differ in time and space. We measured grazing intensity in three African savanna types differing in rainfall and foliar nutrients and predicted that the functional importance of mounds for grazing herbivores would increase as the difference in foliar nutrient levels between mound and savanna matrix grasses increases and the mounds become more attractive. We expected this to occur in nutrient‐poor areas and during the dry season when savanna matrix grass nutrient levels are lower. Tuft use and grass N and P content were measured along transects away from termite mounds, enabling calculation of the spatial extent of termite influence on mammalian grazing. Using termite mound densities estimated from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), we further upscaled field‐based results to determine the percentage of the landscape influenced by termite activity. Grasses in close proximity to termite mounds were preferentially grazed at all sites and in both seasons, but the strength of mound influence varied between savanna types and seasons. In the wet season, mounds had a relatively larger effect on grazers at the landscape scale in the nutrient‐poor, wetter savanna, whereas in the dry season the pattern was reversed with more of the landscape influenced at the nutrient‐rich, driest site. Our results reveal that termite mounds enhance the value of savanna landscapes for herbivores, but that their functional importance varies across savanna types and seasons.
Factors determining the density of AQP4 water channel molecules at the brain–blood interface (2016)

Perivascular endfeet of astrocytes are enriched with aquaporin-4 (AQP4)—a water channel that is critically involved in water transport at the brain–blood interface and that recently was identified as a key molecule in a system for waste clearance. The factors that determine the size of the perivascular AQP4 pool remain to be identified. Here we show that the size of this pool differs considerably between brain regions, roughly mirroring regional differences in Aqp4 mRNA copy numbers. We demonstrate that a targeted deletion of α-syntrophin—a member of the dystrophin complex responsible for AQP4 anchoring—removes a substantial and fairly constant proportion (79–94 %) of the perivascular AQP4 pool across the central nervous system (CNS). Quantitative immunogold analyses of AQP4 and α-syntrophin in perivascular membranes indicate that there is a fixed stoichiometry between these two molecules. Both molecules occur at higher densities in endfoot membrane domains facing pericytes than in endfoot membrane domains facing endothelial cells. Our data suggest that irrespective of region, endfoot targeting of α-syntrophin is the single most important factor determining the size of the perivascular AQP4 pool and hence the capacity for water transport at the brain–blood interface.