gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient and scalable synthesis of a persistent abscisic acid analog (+)-tetralone ABA (2023)

The plant hormone (<i>S</i>)-abscisic acid (ABA) is a signalling molecule found in all plants that triggers plants' responses to environmental stressors such as heat, drought, and salinity. Metabolism-resistant ABA analogs that confer longer lasting effects require multi-step syntheses and high costs that prevent their application in crop protection. To solve this issue, we have developed a two-step, efficient and scalable synthesis of (+)-tetralone ABA from (<i>S</i>)-ABA methyl ester. A challenging three-carbon insertion and a bicyclic ring formation on (<i>S</i>)-ABA methyl ester was achieved through a highly regioselective Knoevenagel condensation, cyclization, and oxidation in one-pot. Further we have studied the biological activity and metabolism of (+)-tetralone ABA <i>in planta</i> and found the analog is hydroxylated similarly to ABA. The biologically active hydroxylated tetralone ABA has greater persistence than 8'-hydroxy ABA as cyclization to the equivalent of phaseic acid is prevented by the aromatic ring. (+)-tetralone ABA complemented the growth retardation of an Arabidopsis ABA-deficient mutant more effectively than (+)-ABA. Taken together, this new synthesis allows the production of the potent ABA agonist efficiently on an industrial scale.
Embroidered Textile Patch Antennas: Design and Implementation Methodology (2022)

In this study, a 3-step methodology for efficiently designing embroidered textile patch antennas in the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band is presented. A conventional patch antenna (Reference Model) is initially designed for ISM operation. Then, an embroidered prototype is fabricated based on the Reference Model’s physical size. Resonance frequency divergence between simulations and measurements is exhibited giving insight into the electrical elongation (≈ 1.55*λ) of the 4 lines/mm-stitch density embroidered patch, as well as its equivalent conductivity (0.011*10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> S/m). Taking into consideration these design issues, the Reference Antenna model is modified in terms of its physical dimensions and impedance matching and the final embroidered patch antenna is fabricated. The presented textile patch antenna resonates at 2.453 GHz with a wide 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 140 MHz. The far-field radiation patterns with a maximum realized gain of approximately 0.5 dB indicate increased antenna losses which may be attributed to the low conductivity of the embroidery.
Thermal Therapy Approaches for Treatment of Brain Tumors in Animals and Humans (2016)

Primary brain tumors are often aggressive, with short survival from time of diagnosis even with standard of care therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Thermal therapies have been extensively investigated as both primary and adjuvant therapy. Although thermal therapies are not yet widely used clinically, there have been several promising approaches demonstrated in both animals and humans. This review presents thermal therapy approaches in animal and human studies, including both hyperthermia (temperatures ~42°C-45°C) and thermal ablation (temperatures > 50°C). Hyperthermia is primarily used as adjuvant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and is the most widely studied radiation sensitizer where enhanced efficacy has been shown in human patients with brain cancer. Hyperthermia has additional beneficial effects such as immunogenic effects, and opening of the bloodbrain barrier to potentially enhance drug delivery, for example in combination with nanoparticle drug delivery systems. Thermal ablation uses high temperatures for direct local tumor destruction, and it found its way into clinical use as laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). This review presents various hyperthermia and ablation approaches, including a review of different devices and methods that have been used for thermal therapies, such as radiofrequency/microwaves, laser, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and magnetic nanoparticles. Current research efforts include the combination of advanced thermal therapy devices, such as focused ultrasound with radiation, as well as the use of thermal therapies to enhance chemotherapy delivery across the blood-brain barrier.
Evaluation of Fatigue Behavior of Lead-Free Solder Joints in Four-Point Bending Test by Finite-Element Modeling (2017)

Fatigue performance of solder joints in four-point bending test is evaluated by finite-element modeling. A simplified modeling technique is implemented in order to focus on the behavior of the critical solder joint. The fatigue life is estimated by taking into account the creep behavior of the solder joints and the utilization of Morrow's fatigue model. Fatigue life curves are generated for room temperature and two elevated temperatures with the critical orientation of chip scale packages on the test board. The results are compared with the real four-point bending test conducted for two different temperatures. In addition, some parametric studies are conducted including the significance of test temperature, copper wiring structure, and the dwell time in the cyclic loading profile. Besides these, the structural integrity of the test board is also checked.
Simultaneous measurement of rat brain cortex PtO<sub>2</sub>using EPR oximetry and a fluorescence fiber-optic sensor during normoxia and hyperoxia (2005)

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry is a promising, relatively non-invasive method of monitoring tissue partial pressure of oxygen (PtO(2)) that has proven useful in following changes in PtO(2) under various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. Optimal utilization of the method will be facilitated by systematic comparisons with other available methods. Here, we report on the absolute values and changes of rat brain PtO(2) using EPR oximetry and the OxyLite, an oxygen monitor based on fluorescence quenching, at adjacent locations in the same brain. EPR oximetry utilizes an implanted oxygen-sensitive material and reports tissue PtO(2) at the surface of the material. OxyLite measures PtO(2) using the fluorescence lifetime of a chromophore fixed to the tip of an optical fiber that is inserted into tissue. Measurements were made at a depth of 2-3 mm into the cortex during normoxia and during breathing of carbogen (95% O(2):5% CO(2)) followed by a return to normoxia. We conclude that in this study (1) PtO(2) values reported by the two methods are similar but not exactly the same, (2) both methods can record a baseline and rapid changes in PtO(2), (3) changes in PtO(2) induced by increasing FiO(2) from 0.26 to 0.95 (carbogen) were similar by the two methods and (4) in some rats breathing carbogen, absolute values of PtO(2) were above the sensitive range of the OxyLite method.
Vanadium Oxide Foams:  An Insight into the Structure of the Vanadium Oxide Walls (2005)

Vanadium oxide foams have been prepared by mixing V2O5 with hydrogen peroxide and a solution of 1-hexadecylamine. The resulting yellow foams (YF) have been characterized by different methods including X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and 51V MAS NMR spectroscopy. The local environment of vanadium probed by 51V MAS NMR consists of tetrahedral and octahedral vanadium sites corresponding to the decavanadate [HxV10O28](6-x)- and [V4O10]4-/[V2O7]4- polyanions. This composition is in fair agreement with the reactivity of YF under acidic or basic conditions. Finally, a model for the YF structure based on amine layers intercalated with [HxV10O28](6-x)- and [V4O10]4-/[V2O7]4- polyanions is proposed.
An implementation technique for database query languages (1982)

Structured query languages, such as those available for relational databases, are becoming increasingly desirable for all database management systems. Such languages are applicative: there is no need for an assignment or update statement. A new technique is described that allows for the implementation of applicative query languages against most commonly used database systems. The technique involves “lazy” evaluation and has a number of advantages over existing methods: it allows queries and functions of arbitrary complexity to be constructed; it reduces the use of secondary storage; it provides a simple control structure through which interfaces to other programs may be constructed; and the implementation, including the database interface, is quite compact. Although the technique is presented for a specific functional programming system and for a CODASYL DBMS, it is general and may be used for other query languages and database systems.
INVESTIGATION OF INTERCEPTIVE EFFECT BY HEPATITIS B VACCINE AND INFECTION OF HBV AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS (2008)

[Objective]To study the infectious situation of HBV and the immune effect after inoculating hepatitis B vaccine among medical students.[Methods]Questionnaires were designed to investigate the vaccine inoculation of hepatitis B;the plasma levels of hepatitis B virus marker(HBVM)and HBV-DNA in 94 medical students were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and PCR,respectively.[Results]the positive ratios of HBsAg and HBV-DNA in the medical students were 9.57%(9/94)and 3.19%(3/94)respectively. Among them,the positive ratio of HBV-DNA was 11.11%(1/9)and 2.35%(2/85)respectively in positive of HBsAg group and negative of HBsAg,which had no significant differences(P﹥0.05). The positive ratios of HBsAg and HBV-DNA were 11.54%(3/26),3.85%(1/26)respectively regarding male students and 8.82%(6/68),2.94%(2/68)respectively regarding female students,which had no significant differences(P﹥0.05). The positive ratios of anti-HBs,HBsAg and HBV-DNA in the medical students with vaccine inoculation were 96.10%(74/77),7.79%(6/77),1.30%(1/77)respectively,and that without vaccine inoculation were 7.79%(6/17),17.65%(3/17),11.76%(2/17)respectively,which had significant differences(P﹤0.001).[Conclusion]The level of HBV infection in medical students is lower than that in general population. The hepatitis B vaccine can induce high level of anti-HBs and better effect on prevention of cross infection among college students who live and study closely together.
Changes in Upper and Lower Airway Inflammation Following Administration of Mometasone Furoate in Allergen-Challenged Brown Norway Rats (2011)

In order to assess the antiinflammatory effects of mometasone furoate (CAS 83919-23-7, Sch 32088, MF) in an animal model of allergic airway disease, nasal inflammation (total cell count [TCC] in nasal lavage [NL]) and pulmonary inflammation (total and differential cell count) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged Brown Norway rat following pretreatment with MF or vehicle. Rats were sensitized twice over 14 days with OVA and placed into 1 of 4 protocols: Group 1: intranasal (i. n.) MF (0.001–100 µg/mL) or vehicle once daily for 3 days; Group 2: intratracheal (i. t.) MF (0.001 −0.3 mg/kg i. t.) or vehicle, one dose; Group 3: i. t. MF (0.1–1 mg/kg, i. t.) or vehicle, one dose; Group 4: nose-only inhalation (n. o. i.) of dry powder MF (estimated pulmonary deposition of MF, 1.4, 4.1, and 13.3 µg/kg) or vehicle, once daily for 3 days. Group 1 was challenged with i. n. OVA (1%) 2 h after last treatment dose. Groups 2–4 were challenged with aerosolized OVA (1%) 5 h after treatment. Assessments were performed 24 h post-challenge (Group 1: NL; Group 2: BAL; Group 3 and 4: FVC and PEF). Rats treated with MF demonstrated significant and dose-dependent improvements in nasal inflammation and lung function compared to those treated with vehicle; normalization of these markers to levels consistent with non-sensitized animals were noted at the highest MF doses. Improvements in lung function were similar with i. t. and n. o. i. administration. Pulmonary infiltration of total cells and eosinophils was significantly attenuated after one dose of i. t. MF (0.003–0.3 mg/kg). In this established model of allergic airway disease, MF significantly attenuated cellular infiltration in the upper and lower airways and normalized lung function following allergen provocation.
Size-dependent magnetic properties of manganese ferrite fine particles (1991)

We have developed synthetic techniques involving coprecipitation of iron(III) and manganese(II) ions from aqueous solutions using NaOH to create single-crystal, stoichiometric MnFe2O4 particles. The particle diameter could be varied between 5 and 25 nm by varying the metallic-ion to hydroxide-ion concentration ratio. Magnetic measurements revealed that the saturation magnetization decreased, the ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic transition broadened, and the apparent transition temperature increased, all with decreasing particle size.
Four-wheel-steering Control Strategy and its Integration with Vehicle Dynamics Control and Active Roll Control (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper presents a 4-wheel-steering (4WS) control strategy devoted to reduce the turn diameter for small longitudinal speed values and to obtain a yaw rate damping effect in dynamic manoeuvres. Moreover, the 4WS active system conceived produces compensation both for lateral wind and road irregularities. The main results obtained through a functional vehicle model are presented. 4WS was integrated with a Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC), which was improved for turn while braking manoeuvres. The results due to integration were very good, with a reduction of both systems interventions. Finally, a VDC-4WS-Active Roll Control (ARC) integration was tried, based on only one reference body yaw rate for all the active systems. The main results obtained are presented and discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Session 33 Solid-state devices &amp;#8212; High voltage IC's and lateral power devices (1987)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings.
Acoustic phonon contribution to the resistivity of twisted bilayer graphene (2023)

We calculate the contribution to the doping ($n$) and temperature ($T$) dependence of the electrical resistivity of twisted bilayer graphene (TBLG) due to scattering by acoustic phonons. Our calculation retains the full Bistritzer-MacDonald (BM) band structure, with a focus on understanding the role of the complicated geometric features present in the BM band structure on electronic transport theory. We find that the band geometry plays an important role in determining the resistivity, giving an intricate dependence on both $n$ and $T$ that mirrors features in the band structure and complicates the Bloch-Grüneisen (BG) crossover. Our calculations predict pronounced departures from the standard simplistic expectation of a linear $T$-dependence above the BG crossover. In particular, we are able to explain the presence of the resistance peaks that have been observed in experiment, as well as quantitatively predict the temperatures at which they occur. Our calculated theoretical results are germane to an ongoing debate over the existence of a strange metal state in TBLG by providing a quantitatively accurate theory for the TBLG resistivity at finite temperatures.
Time reversal technique for multi-user wireless communication with single tap receiver (2007)

In this paper we propose a TR-MISO space-time multiplexing scheme for multi-user wireless communication with single tap receivers. Analytical investigation is carried out to derive a frame work for designing the system. With the space-time multiplexing scheme the interference that exists in a normal time reversal multi-user system can be further mitigated. With 6 simultaneous users using the proposed scheme an enhancement in the average SIR of each user from 8 dB to 22 dB is feasible. Measurement data are then used to verify the analytical results and a good agreement is observed.
On the practicality of detecting anomalies with encrypted traffic in AMI (2014)

Encryption is a key ingredient in the preservation of the confidentiality of network communications but can also be at odds with the mission of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSes) to monitor traffic. This affects Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMIs) too where the scale of the network and the sensitivity of communication make deploying IDSes along with encryption solutions mandatory. In this paper, we study four different approaches for reconciling the twin goals of confidentiality and monitoring by investigating their practical use on a set of real-world packet-level traces collected at an operational AMI network.
Cellular mechanism involved with the uptake of DNA molecules during genetic transformation. Review of nine years of studies, 1966--1975. [Bacteria and bacteriophages] (1975)

None
A new time and space resolved transmission spectrometer for research in inertial confinement fusion and radiation source development (2017)

We describe the design and function of a new time and space resolved x-ray spectrometer for use in Z-pinch inertial confinement fusion and radiation source development experiments. The spectrometer is designed to measure x-rays in the range of 0.5-1.5 Å (8-25 keV) with a spectral resolution λ/Δλ ∼ 400. The purpose of this spectrometer is to measure the time- and one-dimensional space-dependent electron temperature and density during stagnation. These relatively high photon energies are required to escape the dense plasma created at stagnation and to obtain sensitivity to electron temperatures ≳3 keV. The spectrometer is of the Cauchois type, employing a large 30 × 36 mm<sup>2</sup>, transmissive quartz optic for which a novel solid beryllium holder was designed. The performance of the crystal was verified using offline tests, and the integrated system was tested using experiments on the Z pulsed power accelerator.
Contemporary Issues of Open Data in Information Systems Research: Considerations and Recommendations (2017)

Researchers, governments, and funding agencies are calling on research disciplines to embrace open data—data that anyone can access and use. They have done so based on the premise that research efforts can draw and generate several benefits from open data because it might provide further insight and enable individuals to replicate and extend current knowledge in different contexts. These potential benefits, coupled with a global push towards open data policies, bring open data into the agenda of research disciplines, which includes information systems (IS). In this paper, we respond to these developments as follows. We outline themes in the ongoing discussion around open data in the IS discipline. The themes fall into two clusters: 1) the motivation for open data includes themes of mandated sharing, benefits to the research process, extending the life of research data, and career impact; and 2) the implementation of open data includes themes of governance, socio-technical system, standards, data quality, and ethical considerations. In this paper, we outline the findings from a pre-ICIS 2016 workshop on the topic of open data. The workshop discussion confirmed themes and identified issues that require attention in terms of the approaches that IS researchers currently use. The IS discipline offers a unique knowledge base, tools, and methods that can advance open data across disciplines. Based on our findings, we provide suggestions on how IS researchers can drive the open data conversation. Further, we provide advice for adopting and establishing procedures and guidelines for archiving, evaluating, and using open data.
Polymer self-assembly: a web themed issue (2014)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Novel guanide-substituted compounds bind to CXCR4 and inhibit breast cancer metastasis (2013)

CXCR4 has been shown to be overexpressed on breast cancer cells including the human MDA-MB-231 cell line. Cancer cells overexpressing the CXCR4 receptor are capable of undergoing metastasis to organs expressing high levels of CXCL12. We have synthesized numerous guanide, biguanide, phenylguanide, and naphthylguanide compounds that bind to CXCR4 at the CXCL12-binding site and thus should prevent CXCR4-facilitated cancer metastasis. The novel compounds presented here were tested for CXCR4 affinity, toxicity, receptor activation, and for their ability to prevent breast cancer metastases. Three of the compounds bound to CXCR4 at IC50 values of 0.06-0.2 μmol/l, with no associated cell toxicity or receptor activation at these concentrations. These high CXCR4 affinity compounds also showed inhibition of in-vitro wound migration. They were then tested in an in-vivo mouse breast cancer lung colony model. All of these compounds showed reductions in the number of MDA-MB-231 lung metastases compared with mock-treated control mice without evidence of cardiac, liver, or kidney toxicity in treated mice.
How to be a good reviewer (2014)

Publication of quality research is at the heart of academic and clinical practice. It serves to both further knowledge and promote evidence-based care for patients. One of the ways we seek to improve quality is by peer review. This involves experts in the field critiquing the proposed paper and helping to improve it. The goals of peer review are twofold: to ensure the accuracy and improve the quality and transparency of a paper through constructive criticism; and to ensure that clinical decisions about patient care are made on the basis of sound research evidence. At the recent EuroSpine conference in Lyon, we ran a training workshop to guide reviewers in the review process. The session started with an overview of the ethics of reviewing papers by Dr. Robert Gunzburg, the Editor-inChief of European Spine Journal. The review process was discussed and data showing that papers that are published in the second choice of journal (after having received comments from a first choice journal that did not accept it for publication) are cited more frequently than those accepted by the first journal; this suggests that the process of review, rejection, and revision helps to improve the quality of the reports and the accessibility of the science. A clear ethical issue is that of the need for both authors and reviewers to disclose both financial and non-financial conflicts of interest, such as intellectual passion, relationships or affiliations. He also reminded us that good doctors use both individual clinical expertise and the best available external evidence to steer their practice, and that neither alone is sufficient. Without clinical expertise, practice risks becoming tyrannised by evidence, because even excellent external evidence may be inapplicable to or inappropriate for an individual patient; without current best evidence, practice risks becoming out of date, to the detriment of patient care [1]. Prof. Max Aebi then addressed the changes and challenges of scientific publishing. He examined the history and growth of specialised spine journals since the 1970s. The reasons behind this growth in specialised spine literature are the increase and improvements in spine technology as well as the establishment of specialised basic K. L. Edwards (&) School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK e-mail: Kimberley.edwards@nottingham.ac.uk