gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of medium-chain fatty acids in drinking water increases Campylobacter jejuni colonization threshold in broiler chicks (2012)

Campylobacteriosis is the most reported bacterial-mediated gastroenteritic disease in many developed countries. Broiler chickens are a natural host for Campylobacter spp., and contaminated poultry meat products are a major source for transmitting pathogenic Campylobacter strains to humans. Currently, no intervention measure efficiently and effectively controls this pathogen in poultry flocks. Medium-chain fatty acids (caproic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids) show a marked anti-Campylobacter activity in vitro. However, in recent trials using our in vivo models, administering these acids to the feed of broiler chicks neither prevented nor reduced cecal C. jejuni colonization in broilers. In the present study, we examined whether a drinking water application of medium-chain fatty acids might be more effective in combating Campylobacter colonization in poultry. Although Campylobacter colonization and transmission was not reduced, we demonstrate that adding an emulsion of a mixture of caproic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids to the drinking water of broiler chicks reduces their colonization susceptibility and prevents C. jejuni survival in drinking water. Thus, the merit of water applications of medium-chain fatty acids is the reduction of the probability of Campylobacter entry into and transmission throughout a flock.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDES. XXX. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 4‐(N‐BENZOYL)‐O‐(TERT‐BUTYLDIMETHYLSILYL)‐CYTIDINES (1980)

Abstract Ausgehend VomBenzoylcytidin (Ia) bzw. seinem Derivat (Ib) werden durch Silylierung mit dem Reagenz (II) gezielt die möglichen Mono‐silylether (IIIa), (Va), (Vb), Di‐silylether (IIIb), (IIIc), (IVb) [durch Abspaltung der Methoxytritylgruppe aus (IVa) mit TFA/CH2CI2] sowie der Tri‐silylether (IIId) dargestellt.
Palladium catalysed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions in ambient temperature ionic liquids (2000)

Palladium catalysed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions have been conducted in the ambient temperature ionic liquid,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]), exhibiting unprecedented reactivities in addition to easy product isolation and catalyst recycling.
Cardiovascular Effects of ω-Conopeptides in Conscious Rats (1992)

We examined the effects of omega-conopeptides, a novel class of neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel antagonists, on hemodynamic responses in rats. Intravenous (i.v.) injections of SNX-111 (omega-conopeptide MVIIA) dose-dependently decreased arterial blood pressure (BP) in conscious rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) SNX-111 injections (580 pmol) tended to increase BP and, after an initial decrease, to increase heart rate (HR). The dose-response curve for SNX-111 administered i.v. in conscious rats was biphasic. Beginning at subdepressor doses, SNX-111 caused a long-lasting blockade of pressor responses elicited by sympathetic nerve stimulation in pithed animals but did not prevent increases in BP evoked by exogenously administered norepinephrine (NE). Pretreatment of rats with histamine antagonists partially blocked the hypotensive effects of the higher (870 and 2,900 nmol/kg) doses of SNX-111. Substitution of alanine for arginine at position 10 ([Ala10]-MVIIA) markedly attenuated the histamine-mediated component of the vasodepressor response. Together, these findings indicate that SNX-111 administered i.v. decreases systemic BP by a combination of blockade of sympathetic neurotransmission and mast cell degranulation; the latter function appears to be dependent on the arginine residue in position 10 of the amino acid sequence of SNX-111.
Expression of ToxR, the transcriptional activator of the virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae, is modulated by the heat shock response. (1990)

The toxR gene of Vibrio cholerae encodes a transmembrane, DNA-binding protein that positively controls transcription of the genes for cholera toxin, TCP pili, and other proteins important in cholera pathogenesis. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the toxR upstream region has revealed that the heat shock gene htpG, encoding the bacterial homologue of the eukaryotic Hsp90 protein, was located immediately upstream and was divergently transcribed from toxR. Using lacZ transcriptional fusions, we have shown that neither toxR nor htpG expression was regulated by ToxR. However, the growth temperature had a coordinate but reciprocal effect on the expression from both the toxR and htpG promoters in V. cholerae; the decrease of toxR expression between 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C was proportional to the increase of htpG expression observed within that temperature range. A similar pattern of expression of the htpG and toxR promoters was observed in the heterologous host Escherichia coli, where this regulation was controlled by the level of the E. coli rpoH (htpR) gene product, sigma-32. Consistent with the temperature-regulated expression of the V. cholerae htpG promoter in E. coli, a sequence similar to the consensus sequence of the E. coli heat shock promoters was detected upstream from the V. cholerae htpG gene. We propose a model in which the regulation of toxR expression by temperature is controlled by the level of sigma-32 (RpoH) RNA polymerase.
Elevated Anterior Compartment Pressure in the Leg After Creatine Supplementation: A Controlled Case Report. (2001)

OBJECTIVE: To report abnormal changes in lower leg anterior compartment pressure in 1 subject who consumed creatine as a dietary supplement. BACKGROUND: The subject received creatine at a dosage of 0.3 g.kg body mass(-1).d(-1) for 6 days, followed by 0.03 g.kg body mass(-1).d(-1) for 28 days. Thereafter, the subject consumed no supplement for 21 days. Compartment pressure was measured pre-exercise and for 15 minutes postexercise after a treadmill run for 20 minutes at 80% of VO(2) max before supplementation and after 6 and 34 days of supplementation. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Normally, resting anterior compartment pressure is less than 15 mm Hg, whereas postexercise pressure is below 30 to 35 mm Hg. Creatine supplementation for 6 days dramatically increased pressure at rest (31 mm Hg) and at 1 minute (67 mm Hg), 5 minutes (35 mm Hg), 10 minutes (28 mm Hg), and 15 minutes (26 mm Hg) postexercise. Pressure remained high at rest (35 mm Hg) and at 1 minute (109 mm Hg), 5 minutes (90 mm Hg), 10 minutes (87 mm Hg), and 15 minutes (69 mm Hg) postexercise after 34 days of supplementation. TREATMENT: The subject stopped taking creatine for 21 days. Compartment pressure was measured at rest and after exercise after 7 and 21 days with no supplementation. Anterior compartment pressure decreased after cessation of creatine supplementation. However, pressures were elevated at 7 days postsupplementation at rest (26 mm Hg) and at 1 minute (112 mm Hg), 5 minutes (58 mm Hg), 10 minutes (40 mm Hg), and 15 minutes (30 mm Hg) postexercise. Pressures at 21 days postsupplementation remained high at rest (24 mm Hg) and at 1 minute (64 mm Hg), 5 minutes (42 mm Hg), 10 minutes (27 mm Hg), and 15 minutes (27 mm Hg) postexercise. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that creatine supplementation can substantially increase anterior compartment pressure in the leg.
Broad Area Search and Detection of Surface-to-Air Missile Sites Using\n Spatial Fusion of Component Object Detections from Deep Neural Networks (2020)

Here we demonstrate how Deep Neural Network (DNN) detections of multiple\nconstitutive or component objects that are part of a larger, more complex, and\nencompassing feature can be spatially fused to improve the search, detection,\nand retrieval (ranking) of the larger complex feature. First, scores computed\nfrom a spatial clustering algorithm are normalized to a reference space so that\nthey are independent of image resolution and DNN input chip size. Then,\nmulti-scale DNN detections from various component objects are fused to improve\nthe detection and retrieval of DNN detections of a larger complex feature. We\ndemonstrate the utility of this approach for broad area search and detection of\nSurface-to-Air Missile (SAM) sites that have a very low occurrence rate (only\n16 sites) over a ~90,000 km^2 study area in SE China. The results demonstrate\nthat spatial fusion of multi-scale component-object DNN detections can reduce\nthe detection error rate of SAM Sites by $&gt;$85% while still maintaining a 100%\nrecall. The novel spatial fusion approach demonstrated here can be easily\nextended to a wide variety of other challenging object search and detection\nproblems in large-scale remote sensing image datasets.\n
&lt;b&gt;ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO NEUROPEPTIDE Ys FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF A YELLOWFIN TUNA, &lt;i&gt;Thunnus &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;albacares &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (1997)

High concentration of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-IR) was detected in the extract of yellowfin tuna (Thimnus albacares) hypothalamus by radioimmunoassay using antiserum specific to human NPY (26.1 i 0.8 pmol equivalent to human NPY per gram of tissue). This NPY-IR component was isolated from the crude extracts of tuna hypothalami. Two components, tuna NPY-I and NPY-II, were purified by gel filtration followed by reverse phase HPLC. The structural analysis revealed that both components comprised of 36 amino acid residues with the C-terminal amide. The amino acid sequence of tuna NPY-I is H-Tyr-Pro-Pro-Lys-Pro-Glu-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Pro-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Tyr-Tyr-Thr-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr-NH2 and that of tuna NPY-II is H-Tyr-Pro-Val-Lys-Pro-Glu-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Pro-Ala-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr-NH2. Tuna fish was found to contain two different types of NPY, NPY-I and II, with seven residue substitutions when compared with human NPY.
Flatness-based Powertrain Control for Engine Start Applications in Hybrid Dual-Clutch Transmissions (2019)

This article considers the transition between pure electrical driving and hybrid driving in a hybrid dual-clutch transmission powertrain while following a prescribed vehicle speed reference. The key aspect here is a fast and smooth engine start without interruption of the demanded driving torque and minimum jerk. A two-degree-of-freedom controller with a flatness-based feedforward control and an asymptotic tracking control is presented for solving this task. We use a scheduled control structure to cope with the switched dynamical characteristics of the internal combustion engine while being started traversing sticktion, cranking and combustion. The control scheme switches from a torque-based control for the break-free of the engine to a speed-based control for the tracking of a reference engine speed trajectory. We illustrate the performance of the control scheme by means of meaningful simulations.
A multi-pass linear fold algorithm for sentence boundary detection using prosodic cues (2004)

We propose a multi-pass linear fold algorithm for sentence boundary detection in spontaneous speech. It uses only prosodic cues and does not rely on segmentation information from a speech recognition decoder. We focus on features based on pitch breaks and pitch durations, study their local and global structural properties and find their relationship with sentence boundaries. In the first step, the algorithm, which requires no training, automatically finds a set of candidate pitch breaks by simple curve fitting. In the next step, by exploiting statistical properties of sentence boundaries and disfluency, the algorithm finds the sentence boundaries within these candidate pitch breaks. With this simple method without any explicit segmentation information from an ASR, a 25% error rate was achieved on a randomly selected portion of the switchboard corpus. The result from this method is comparable with those that include word segmentation information and can be used in conjunction to improve the overall performance and confidence.
On Multicast Fingerprinting and Collusion Security (2006)

Intellectual property protection of multimedia is a thorny and largely unsolved problem. Despite its practical limitations, copy detection is an excellent complement to copy prevention. Fingerprinting techniques make redistributor tracing possible by relying on invisible watermarks embedded in the content sold which are unique for each particular buyer. That uniqueness of fingerprints is not easy to achieve in multicast transmission. We argue in this paper that encryption-based solutions are the most realistic option to fingerprint multicast transmission. However, the few existing encryption-based methods in the literature are vulnerable to buyer collusions. We propose an encryption-based algorithm which provides collusion security at the cost of transmitting the content twice.
Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Biological Misdiagnosis Linked to Cerebrospinal Collection Tubes (2012)

Tau proteins and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are the current recognized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers used as an aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is no consensus on their clinical use due to non-qualified cut-off values, probably related to the observed high pre-analytical and analytical variability. Standardized pre-analytical protocols have therefore been proposed. Importantly, these recommend the use of polypropylene collection/sampling tubes while, to date, no broad comparison of these types of tubes has been conducted. In this study, we first compared, as part of a real clinical workflow, the impact of four different collection tubes on the CSF concentration of Aβ peptides (Aβ42, Aβ40) and total (hTau) and phosphorylated (P-Tau181P) tau proteins measured using routine ELISA kits. We then extended this study to 11 polypropylene tubes used by different clinical laboratories, and investigated their plastic polymer composition using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy. Significant concentration variations linked solely to the use of different types of tubes were observed. This was particularly marked for Aβ peptides, with >50% disparity occurring in less than five minutes. Polymer composition analysis revealed that most polypropylene tubes were in fact copolymers with at least polyethylene. There was no clear correlation between tube composition and pre-analytical behavior. Our results show that the use of polypropylene tubes does not guarantee satisfactory pre-analytical behavior. They also point to collection/sampling tubes being a major pre-analytical source of variability that could impact the significance of AD biological diagnosis.
Model-Driven DNN Decoder for Turbo Codes: Design, Simulation and Experimental Results (2020)

This paper presents a novel model-driven deep learning (DL) architecture, called TurboNet, for turbo decoding that integrates DL into the traditional max-log-maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm. The TurboNet inherits the superiority of the max-log-MAP algorithm and DL tools and thus presents excellent error-correction capability with low training cost. To design the TurboNet, the original iterative structure is unfolded as deep neural network (DNN) decoding units, where trainable weights are introduced to the max-log-MAP algorithm and optimized through supervised learning. To efficiently train the TurboNet, a loss function is carefully designed to prevent tricky gradient vanishing issue. To further reduce the computational complexity and training cost of the TurboNet, we can prune it into TurboNet+. Compared with the existing black-box DL approaches, the TurboNet+ has considerable advantage in computational complexity and is conducive to significantly reducing the decoding overhead. Furthermore, we also present a simple training strategy to address the overfitting issue, which enable efficient training of the proposed TurboNet+. Simulation results demonstrate TurboNet+'s superiority in error-correction ability, signal-to-noise ratio generalization, and computational overhead. In addition, an experimental system is established for an over-the-air (OTA) test with the help of a 5G rapid prototyping system and demonstrates TurboNet's strong learning ability and great robustness to various scenarios.
High-Throughput Fractionation Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for Improved Quantitation in Metabolomics (2020)

Metabolomics is emerging as an important field in life sciences. However, a weakness of current mass spectrometry (MS) based metabolomics platforms is the time-consuming analysis and the occurrence of severe matrix effects in complex mixtures. To overcome this problem, we have developed an automated and fast fractionation module coupled online to MS. The fractionation is realized by the implementation of three consecutive high performance solid-phase extraction columns consisting of a reversed phase, mixed-mode anion exchange, and mixed-mode cation exchange sorbent chemistry. The different chemistries resulted in an efficient interaction with a wide range of metabolites based on polarity, charge, and allocation of important matrix interferences like salts and phospholipids. The use of short columns and direct solvent switches allowed for fast screening (3 min per polarity). In total, 50 commonly reported diagnostic or explorative biomarkers were validated with a limit of quantification that was comparable with conventional LC-MS(/MS). In comparison with a flow injection analysis without fractionation, ion suppression decreased from 89% to 25%, and the sensitivity was 21 times higher. The validated method was used to investigate the effects of circadian rhythm and food intake on several metabolite classes. The significant diurnal changes that were observed stress the importance of standardized sampling times and fasting states when metabolite biomarkers are used. Our method demonstrates a fast approach for global profiling of the metabolome. This brings metabolomics one step closer to implementation into the clinic.
Glucocorticoid-resistant lymphoma cell variants that contain functional glucocorticoid receptors. (1987)

A mouse T-lymphosarcoma cell line stably infected with mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) was used as the parent line for a genetic analysis of two glucocorticoid hormone responses, hormone-induced cytolysis and stimulation of viral gene expression. Variants were selected for survival and elevated expression of MMTV proteins in the presence of the steroid. The MMTV marker provided a sensitive test for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function in the hormone-resistant variants. This strategy resulted in the isolation of two novel types of hormone-resistant variants. One type of variant with only about 25% of the level of GR found in the parent line was resistant to the cytolytic effects of glucocorticoid but produced increased levels of MMTV gene products in response to the hormone. This variant phenotype demonstrated that the MMTV response requires fewer GR than the cytolytic response. Another variant, which required approximately 100-fold higher concentrations of hormone than the wild-type cells for both responses, apparently contained GR with altered hormone-binding properties.
Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonic and Applications (2019)

I will present ultra-low loss thin film lithium niobate photonics platform that enables realization of high-Q optical cavities, efficient electro-optic modulators, and broad frequency combs. Applications in telecommunications, microwave-photonics, and quantum photonics will be discussed. © 2019 The Author(s)
The SCL gene product is regulated by and differentially regulates cytokine responses during myeloid leukemic cell differentiation. (1993)

Differentiation induction in murine M1 leukemia cells by interleukin 6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and oncostatin M (OSM) is postulated to occur via a common receptor chain, gp130. In this study, growth factor-induced differentiation of M1 cells was accompanied by a late and persistent decrease in levels of mRNA and protein for a helix-loop-helix transcription factor, the SCL gene product. To evaluate whether reduced SCL expression was instrumental in monocyte differentiation, an SCL cDNA expression vector was introduced into M1 cells to obtain cell lines in which overexpression of SCL mRNA and protein was enforced. This resulted in a reduction in cells differentiating in response to LIF and OSM but not in response to IL-6. Scatchard analysis indicated that both parental and SCL-transfected cell lines exhibited similar receptor numbers and receptor affinities for LIF, OSM, and IL-6, suggesting that the differential responsiveness was not due to selective receptor down-modulation. Thus, these data implicate SCL in monocytic differentiation and provide evidence for differential receptor signaling pathways despite utilization of a common gp130 subunit by all three receptors.
Effect of Exercise Training on Signaling of Interleukin-6 in Skeletal Muscles of Type 2 Diabetic Rats (2016)

IL-6 signaling pathway mediating muscle response to endurance training was conserved in type 2 diabetes. There was no link between training-induced IL-6 downstream targets in skeletal muscles and IL-6-induced type 2 diabetes.
Vertical coupling into a photonic crystal waveguide using band folding design (2021)

We propose a design for coupling light in/out of a hybrid photonic crystal surface plasmon polariton (PhC-SPP) waveguide using the band folding concept and demonstrate its feasibility. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique and rigorously coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) was used to study the absorption spectrum and dispersion diagram. By superimposing a second periodicity into the waveguide region, vertical diffraction is introduced. The proposed grating coupler couples light incident from free space directly into the PCWG modes without using any extra taper structure.
Hyperspectral Imaging using a THz dual-comb source (2020)

We use a THz dual-comb optical source to perform high-speed hyperspectral imaging in the 300 GHz range with high sensitivity field-effect transistor-based THz detectors. First hyperspectral imaging results of different samples are shown using a scanning system, demonstrating the localization of interesting spectral features in the specimens.
A Comparative Study on Thermal Stability of Two Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Films on Graphite Negative Electrode (2013)

A comparative study is made on thermal stability of two solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films on a graphite negative electrode.The SEI films are generated by reductive decomposition of two different electrolyte solutions that are prepared by dissolving either lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) or lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate solvent.The surface film derived from the LiTFSI-containing electrolyte, which is enriched by organic carbon-oxygen species with uniform coverage, remains rather intact in both chemical composition and film morphology after high-temperature (85 C) storage, indicative of a superior thermal stability.As a result, this SEI layer maintains its passivating ability even after the storage.In contrast, the film generated from the LiPF 6 -containing electrolyte is thermally degraded with a substantial change in both film morphology and chemical composition to lose its passivating ability upon high-temperature exposure.The poorer thermal stability of the latter film has been ascribed to a high population of Li-and F-containing inorganic species and presence of cracks or void spaces in the SEI layer.