gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Metalloamination of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐Dimethylhydrazinoalkenes: A Versatile Method to Access Functionalized Piperidines and Pyrrolidines (2014)

Highly diastereoselective metalloamination/cyclization reactions of zinc(II) hydrazides obtained through reaction of diethylzinc with N,N-dimethylhydrazinoalkenes are described. The resulting organozinc intermediates undergo facile allylation and acylation, in situ, to provide the corresponding functionalized piperidines and pyrrolidines.
Electrochemical Synthesis of High-Nitrogen Materials and Energetic Materials (2022)

Electrochemical synthesis is a valuable method for the preparation of molecules. It is innately eco-friendly, as potentially hazardous oxidation and reduction agents are replaced with electrochemical potentials. Electrochemistry is commonly applied globally in the synthesis of numerous chemicals, but the energetic materials field lags in this regard. In this review, we endeavor to cover the entire history of synthetic electrochemistry for the preparation of energetic materials and detail the electrochemical transformations of high-nitrogen materials that are relevant for the preparation of new energetic molecules. We hope this review serves as a starting point to inform those involved in synthetic energetic materials chemistry, and those interested in other applications of high-nitrogen molecules, about the environmentally friendly electrochemical methods available for such compounds.
Litterbags, leaf tags, and decay of nonabscised intertidal leaves (1989)

Like most plants with perennial rhizomes and annual shoots, Spartina alterniflora does not abscise its leaves. This brings into question the appropriateness of commonly used litterbag methods for study of natural decomposition of S. alterniflora shoots. We compared decay phenomena for S. alterniflora leaves that were either (i) tagged and left in the natural standing position or (ii) cut and placed in litterbags on the marsh sediment at the same site. Rates of loss of mass and leaf area were similar between standing and cut leaves, but distinct differences were detected between leaf types for the carbon to nitrogen ratio and measures of microbial mass and activity. For example, bacterial standing crop was 4 to 67 times greater for cut leaves (though bacterial cells were 9 to 22 times less active ( 3 H-thymidine incorporation/cell)), and fungal living standing crop (ergosterol content) was 5 to 9 times greater for standing leaves. In areas such as southern temperate zones, where shoots are not pushed onto the sediment by ice and snow, it is better to avoid altering the natural positioning of leaves that are not abscised in studies of shoot decay because (i) standing-dead shoots can harbour active microbial assemblages and (ii) shunting directly to the sediment phase can yield an artificial image of microbial–chemical dynamics.
LOW-TEMPERATURE, ANODE-SUPPORTED HIGH POWER DENSITY SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS WITH NANOSTRUCTURED ELECTRODES (2001)

A simple, approximate analysis of the effect of differing cathode and anode areas on the measurement of cell performance on anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells, wherein the cathode area is smaller than the anode area, is presented. It is shown that the effect of cathode area on cathode polarization, on electrolyte contribution, and on anode resistance, as normalized on the basis of the cathode area, is negligible. There is a small but measurable effect on anode polarization, which results from concentration polarization. Effectively, it is the result of a greater amount of fuel transported to the anode/electrolyte interface in cases wherein the anode area is larger than the cathode area. Experiments were performed on cells made with differing cathode areas and geometries. Cathodic and anodic overpotentials measured using reference electrodes, and the measured ohmic area specific resistances by current interruption, were in good agreement with expectations based on the analysis presented. At 800 C, the maximum power density measured with a cathode area of {approx}1.1 cm{sup 2} was {approx}1.65 W/cm{sup 2} compared to {approx}1.45 W/cm{sup 2} for cathode area of {approx}2 cm{sup 2}, for anode thickness of {approx}1.3 mm, with hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant. At 750 C, the measured maximum power densities were {approx}1.3 W/cm{sup 2} for the cell with cathode area {approx}1.1 cm{sup 2}, and {approx}1.25 W/cm{sup 2} for the cell with cathode area {approx}2 cm{sup 2}.
Enhancing the Efficacy of Hormonal Agents With Selected Targeted Agents (2009)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Assessment of safety, tolerability and effectiveness of adjunctive aripiprazole to lithium/valproate in bipolar mania: a 46-week, open-label extension following a 6-week double-blind study (2010)

As an open-label extension study with a low completion rate, a conservative interpretation of the findings is warranted. Additionally, the study population was not randomly selected but chosen at the discretion of the investigator, and patients did not maintain therapeutic levels of their mood stabiliser consistently.
Altered norepinephrine uptake in neuronal cultures from spontaneously hypertensive rat brain (1985)

Uptake of [3H]norepinephrine (NE) has been characterized and compared in neuronal cultures prepared from the brains of 1-day-old normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto, WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. In cultures from both strains total [3H]NE uptake consisted of a sodium-dependent portion and a sodium-independent portion. The sodium-dependent [3H]NE uptake was inhibited by NE uptake blockers such as maprotiline or desmethylimipramine (both at 0.5-100 microM). This sodium-dependent, NE uptake blocker-sensitive portion of the uptake was also stereospecific, preferring the l-isomer of NE. In contrast, the sodium-independent uptake was not sensitive to maprotiline or desmethylimipramine. Autoradiograms of cultures incubated with [3H]NE showed label concentrated in certain, but not all, neurites and in a few neuronal cell bodies. Cultures incubated with label in sodium-free buffer did not show any such localization of grains but instead showed a diffuse pattern. Incubation of neuronal WKY or SH brain cultures with various concentrations of l-[3H]NE and unlabeled l-NE in the presence or absence of sodium enabled the construction of saturation curves for sodium-dependent uptake in each culture type. In WKY cultures, Km and maximal velocity of uptake (Vmax) values of 0.37-0.45 microM and 0.58-0.69 pmol X mg protein-1 X min-1, respectively, were obtained for sodium-dependent uptake. In contrast, the Km and Vmax values for [3H]NE uptake in SH neuronal cultures were 1.4 microM and 1.31 pmol X mg protein-1 X min-1, respectively. Kinetic analyses of the results show that in SH neuronal cultures the [3H]NE uptake sites are of lower affinity but higher capacity compared with those in WKY neuronal cultures.
Si-based quantum-well intersubband detectors (1992)

The strained layer Si<SUB>1-x</SUB>Ge<SUB>x</SUB>/Si heterostructures and multiple quantum well structures have created a great deal of interest due to the potential of monolithic integration with the conventional silicon VLSI signal processing technology. For infrared detection application, the intersubband transition using Si<SUB>1-x</SUB>Ge<SUB>x</SUB>/Si offers normal incident detection possibilities in contrast with that of AlGaAs/GaAs. In this paper, we will first discuss the principle and applications of Si and SiGe quantum well structures for infrared detection using intersubband transition. The physics of intersubband transition in Si-based quantum wells and superlattices will then be described for both n-type and p-type materials. Several normal incidence detection mechanisms will be illustrated: namely, from nonvanishing off-diagonal elements of the effective mass tensor in n-type and intervalence band transition for p-type in addition to free carrier absorption. The effect of the strain in determining the occupancy of the valleys will be described. The experimental results of normal incidence intersubband transition in SiGe/Si quantum wells and (delta) -doped Si layers are compared with the theoretical calculation of oscillator strength. The importance of many-body effects in determination of transition energy in very heavily doped structures and (delta) -doped layers, will also be shown for tuning of a wide range of transition energy (from 2 micrometers to tens of micrometers and perhaps longer). Finally, infrared detector structures using SiGe/Si multiple quantum well structures will be illustrated.
A Chiroptical Study of Chiral Λ- and X- Type Oligothiophenes Toward Modelling the Interchain Interactions of Chiral Conjugated Polymers (2008)

A variety of chiral Λ-type and X-type oligothiophenes (MDC 1–10) was synthesized and studied by means of UV–vis and CD spectroscopy in order to model the chiral interchain interactions of conjugated polymers with optically active side chains in both neutral and oxidized state. It was found that, within the class of chiral Λ-type oligothiophenes, the interchain chiral exciton coupling was only present when using an electronwithdrawing imine linkage between the oligothiophene and the chiral unit (MDC 7–9). Together with the observed decrease in g-value (dissymmetry factor for absorption) by extending the oligothiophene moiety, these linkage and elongation restrictions impose crucial drawbacks on chiral Λ-type oligothiophenes as study model in both neutral and oxidized state. Therefore, a new chiral X-type oligothiophene (MDC 10) was developed that combines chiral exciton coupling in neutral state with the additional ability of oxidation.
Combination Treatment with an Antibody–Drug Conjugate (A1mcMMAF) Targeting the Oncofetal Glycoprotein 5T4 and Carboplatin Improves Survival in a Xenograft Model of Ovarian Cancer (2019)

The article Combination Treatment with an Antibody-Drug Conjugate (A1mcMMAF) Targeting the Oncofetal Glycoprotein 5T4 and Carboplatin Improves Survival in a Xenograft Model of Ovarian Cancer, written by Y. Louise Wan, Puja Sapra, James Bolton, Jia Xin Chua, Lindy G. Durrant and Peter L. Stern, was originally published under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license, but has now been made available under a CC BY 4.0 license.
1804: Should Complexed Prostate-Specific Antigen be the First Line Test for Prostate Cancer Early Detection: Impact on Sensitivity, Rate of Unnecessary Biopsies and Direct Biopsy Costs (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Wednesday, May 12, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041804: Should Complexed Prostate-Specific Antigen be the First Line Test for Prostate Cancer Early Detection: Impact on Sensitivity, Rate of Unnecessary Biopsies and Direct Biopsy Costs Herbert A. Fritsche, Yoshio Naya, Carol D. Cheli, and Richard J. Babaian Herbert A. FritscheHerbert A. Fritsche More articles by this author , Yoshio NayaYoshio Naya More articles by this author , Carol D. CheliCarol D. Cheli More articles by this author , and Richard J. BabaianRichard J. Babaian More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38996-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1804: Should Complexed Prostate-Specific Antigen be the First Line Test for Prostate Cancer Early Detection: Impact on Sensitivity, Rate of Unnecessary Biopsies and Direct Biopsy Costs." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 477 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 477 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Herbert A. Fritsche More articles by this author Yoshio Naya More articles by this author Carol D. Cheli More articles by this author Richard J. Babaian More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
2&amp;#x00D7;2 deflection routing node for optical packet-switched networks (2008)

We experimentally demonstrated a 2times2 deflection routing module for all-optical packet-switched networks. Output port contentions are resolved based on all-optical processing of the packet headers. Both the header and payload rates are 10 Gb/s.
In vitro pharmacokinetics of antibiotic release from locally implantable materials (1993)

Local deposition of antibiotics has became increasingly popular in the management of open fractures or osteomyelitis, and several substances have been employed as the vehicle for delivery. Although the elution characteristics of some substances have been documented, a comparative study of the characteristics of the commonly used substances could establish the clinical indications for particular vehicles. Cylindrical pellets of uniform size (6 x 4 mm) were prepared from bone graft (BG), demineralized bone matrix (DBM), plaster of Paris (POP), or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), with 25 mg of tobramycin/g of substance in each pellet. The pellets were suspended in phosphate buffered saline, and the antibiotic concentration in the buffer was determined at various time intervals by an enzyme immunoassay. BG and DBM eluted 70 and 45% of their antibiotic load by 24 h, and negligible amounts were detected at 1 week; POP released 17% of its load by 24 h, with trace amounts detected at 3 weeks; and PMMA eluted 7% at 24 h, with trace amounts detected for as long as 14 days. These findings suggest that the optimal vehicle for local deposition of antibiotic depends on the clinical setting. BG and DBM may be best employed when brief antibiotic coverage is required (as for acute contaminated open fractures), whereas POP and PMMA may be better suited for long-term coverage (such as for established osteomyelitis).
Biofilm-forming bacteria with varying tolerance to peracetic acid from a paper machine (2010)

Biofilms cause runnability problems in paper machines and are therefore controlled with biocides. Peracetic acid is usually effective in preventing bulky biofilms. This study investigated the microbiological status of a paper machine where low concentrations (≤ 15 ppm active ingredient) of peracetic acid had been used for several years. The paper machine contained a low amount of biofilms. Biofilm-forming bacteria from this environment were isolated and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whole-cell fatty acid analysis, biochemical tests, and DNA fingerprinting. Seventy-five percent of the isolates were identified as members of the subclades Sphingomonas trueperi and S. aquatilis, and the others as species of the genera Burkholderia (B. cepacia complex), Methylobacterium, and Rhizobium. Although the isolation media were suitable for the common paper machine biofoulers Deinococcus, Meiothermus, and Pseudoxanthomonas, none of these were found, indicating that peracetic acid had prevented their growth. Spontaneous, irreversible loss of the ability to form biofilm was observed during subculturing of certain isolates of the subclade S. trueperi. The Sphingomonas isolates formed monoculture biofilms that tolerated peracetic acid at concentrations (10 ppm active ingredient) used for antifouling in paper machines. High pH and low conductivity of the process waters favored the peracetic acid tolerance of Sphingomonas sp. biofilms. This appears to be the first report on sphingomonads as biofilm formers in warm water using industries.
Anomalous Behavior of Superconducting-Normal Mesoscopic Structures near<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2000)

We observe a maximum in the conductance of Al/n-GaAs junctions at temperatures 20 mK lower than the superconducting transition temperature (T(c)). This is the first observation of a peak in the conductance near the superconducting transition in superconducting-normal (S/N) junctions. To accommodate this effect we calculate the full temperature dependence of the conductance of these structures, invoking quasiclassical Green's functions in the diffusive limit. In addition to the well-known low-temperature peak at temperatures on the order of the Thouless energy, we find a maximum near T(c). This peak has the same origin as the subgap conductance observed in S/N junctions at low temperatures.
Effect of interferon‐γ on antigen processing in human monocytes (1994)

The effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the ability of human monocytic cells to process exogenous (major histocompability complex class II) antigens was investigated. The processing (i.e. protein degradation) of antigens that were internalized via Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) was followed for various times after treatment of cells with IFN-gamma. THP-1 cells that had been treated with IFN-gamma for 4 h degraded antigen, internalized as an immune complex, at an enhanced rate. After 24 h of IFN-gamma treatment the rate of processing was similar to untreated cells. Unexpectedly, in cells which had been treated for 48-72 h there was a significant decrease in the rate of processing of the exogenous antigen. These effects were not due to changes in the rate of internalization of immune complex. The inhibition of the rate of processing was independent of the type of antigen, was dependent on the dose of IFN-gamma, and also occurred with normal human peripheral monocytes. Analysis of the degraded peptides by high-pressure liquid chromatography indicated that some of the peptides generated in the IFN-gamma-treated cells were both quantitatively and qualitatively different from the peptides generated in untreated cells. These data suggest that IFN-gamma modulates the way in which antigens, internalized through Fc receptors as immune complexes, are processed. Additionally, the results imply that decreases in the rate of antigen processing may lead to more efficient antigen presentation.
The Abbe Theory of Imaging (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Phenomenological Description of Imaging The Explanation of Image Formation According to Abbe and the Abbe Resolution The Information About an Object Contained in an Image Koehler Illumination and the Visibility The Siedentopf Illumination Principle Imaging with Different Colours Aplanatic Correction and Geometrical Optics The Mathematical Description of Fourier Optical Imaging Imaging with Uncorrelated Light Sources Consideration of Magnification Coherence in Imaging The Coherent Image Incoherent Imaging One-Dimensional Incoherent Imaging Systems with Rotational Symmetry Conditions for Incoherent, Partially Coherent and Coherent Imaging Imaging with Correlated Light Sources Literature
Design and synthesis of superhydrophobic carbon nanofiber composite coatings for terahertz frequency shielding and attenuation (2011)

We report design and synthesis of polymer-based large-area superhydrophobic carbon nanofiber (CNF) composite coatings for tunable electromagnetic interference shielding and attenuation in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime. Such coatings with different CNF/polymer weight ratios are characterized by a frequency domain THz spectroscopy system. A maximum THz shielding effectiveness of ∼32 dB was measured in the examined frequency range of 570–630 GHz. Coating attenuation level varied with CNF loading. Two-dimensional distributions of power attenuation at 600 GHz showed good spatial uniformity. The present composite coatings, in addition to their self-cleaning property, have high potential for advanced technology high-frequency applications.
Control of Molecular Recognition via Modulation of the Nanoenvironment (2018)

Many biological processes are driven by the interaction of a host with a guest molecule. We show such interactions can be modulated by carefully defining the local molecular environment to give a specific chemical outcome. Particularly, the selectivity of a host toward two different ions (Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup>) is defined by it being in solution or the physisorbed state. In solution, the host displays greater selectivity toward Ca<sup>2+</sup>. When physisorbed, the selectivity profile of the host is reversed with enhanced binding of Al<sup>3+</sup>. This demonstrates a single host molecule can be tailored to selectively bind multiple guests by altering its nanoenvironment.
Progress in differentiation of approximate data (1996)

Accurate derivative calculation is a key process in computational electromagnetics. Differentiation is required for graphic display, a posteriori error estimation, automatic mesh refinement, and result post-processing. The choice of method depends on the accuracy required, and on the order of derivatives to be computed. This paper reviews recent progress, and compares several recent derivative-extraction methods: local smoothing, superconvergent-patch recovery (SPR), and methods based on Green's second identity. The SPR approach of Zhu and Zienkiewicz (see Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol.19, p.1123, 1995) has been extended in several ways to yield good accuracy at low cost, but it can only produce first derivatives. The Green's identity methods of Silvester and Omeragic (see International Journal of Applied Electomagnetics in Materials, vol.4, p.123-136, 1993) are computationally expensive, but extremely accurate, even for third and fourth derivatives. Representative numerical results illustrate the methods discussed.
Double Dipole Antenna SIS Receivers at Frequencies above 500 GHz (1993)

Resonances of simple tuning circuits up to 1 THz coupled to SIS tunnel junctions were obtained by means of FTS measurements and compared with calculations based on the Mattis-Bardeen theory. We developed a new sort of devices for frequencies above 700 GHz using gold instead of Nb for the if-parts. First measurements of the video and heterodyne response of all-Nb SIS receivers have been made at frequencies between 720 and 890 GHz. We measured a possible heterodyne response of 1.1 dB due to a hot/cold load at 830 GHz. The video response of the unpumped junction was 0.3 dB due to the hot/cold load.
Temperature-Insensitive Sagnac-Type Optical Current Transformer (2014)

We estimated the influence of polarization crosstalk in a Sagnac-type optical current transformer (OCT) against sensor sensitivity, and confirmed that temperature dependence of Faraday effect is canceled out by controlling the extinction ratio of transmission fiber with temperature change. Based on the evaluation, we developed a temperature compensation element (TCE) consisting of metal-coated PM fiber. Its extinction ratio varies with temperature because of the difference between the linear expansions of metal and fiber. The ratio error of OCT using this TCE in the temperature range from -40 to 80 °C was within 0.1%, and satisfied the required accuracy for IEC 60044-8 class 0.2S for ac applications and IEC 61869-14 class 0.2 for dc applications.