gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Second Generation Biofuels from Woody Biomass (2010)

Increased research efforts have recently been
accelerated to develop liquid transportation fuels from bio-oil produced by
fast pyrolysis. However, these bio-oils contain high levels of oxygenated
compounds that require removal to produce viable transportation fuels. A
variety of upgrading technologies have been proposed, of which catalytic
hydroprocessing of the raw bio-oil has appears to have the best potential due
to the fact that no fractionation of the bio-oil is required prior to treatment. The objective of this research was to apply
two-stage catalytic hydroprocessing to bio-oil with heterogeneous catalysts to
produce hydrocarbon fuels. To achieve this objective
seven catalysts were initially compared in first-stage hydrotreating reactions.
The result of the comparison of the seven hydrotreating catalysts showed that
the MSU-1 catalyst had the significantly highest yield at 38 wt%, had the
highest H/C ratio, and reduced oxygen adequately. The MSU-1 catalyst had an
energy efficiency of 80%, reduced acid value by 45% and water content by 78%.
Higher heating value was doubled by the hydrotreating process of raw bio-oil. Three catalysts were compared as second-stage
hydrocracking catalysts. All liquid organic products produced by the catalytic
reactions were compared with regard to yield and chemical and physical
qualities. Results from these experiments showed that the MSU-2 catalyst had
the significantly highest yield at 68 wt%; oxygen value was significantly lower
than for the compared catalysts at zero percent. MSU-2 also produced the lowest
amount of char at 3.5 wt%. Additionally, MSU-2 produced a high volume of
methane gas as a byproduct, with a high value for utilization for production of
process heat. A study of reaction time optimization found that best results
from application of MSU-2 were for the shortest reaction time of 1 h. This
short reaction time is important to reduce hydroprocessing costs. Simulated
distillation of hydrocarbon mix results in distribution of these by fuel
weights with gasoline comprising 37%, jet fuel 27%, diesel 25% and heavy fuel
oil 11%.The energy efficiency of the hydrocracking of first-stage stabilized
bio-oil with MSU-2 catalyst was 93.61%.
Face Recognition Using Deep Multi-Pose Representations (2016)

We introduce our method and system for face recognition using multiple pose-aware deep learning models. In our representation, a face image is processed by several pose-specific deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models to generate multiple pose-specific features. 3D rendering is used to generate multiple face poses from the input image. Sensitivity of the recognition system to pose variations is reduced since we use an ensemble of pose-specific CNN features. The paper presents extensive experimental results on the effect of landmark detection, CNN layer selection and pose model selection on the performance of the recognition pipeline. Our novel representation achieves better results than the state-of-the-art on IARPA's CS2 and NIST's IJB-A in both verification and identification (i.e. search) tasks.
Hidden Models in Biopolymers (1998)

The amount of publicly available sequence data (mainly genomic DNA, messenger RNA, and their corresponding protein sequences) is increasing exponentially, primarily as a result of the latest advances in sequencing techniques and the Human Genome Project. Although this sequence data is becoming the most valuable source of information for the understanding of biological processes, the huge amount of data presents many challenges. Two of the most pressing problems are gene-finding and functional annotation. The first problem is simply to find the genes and the translated proteins hidden in the billions of base pairs in the nucleotide databases. Functional annotation involves assigning a function, or at least partial information concerning the function, to proteins (those hidden in nucleotide databases and those already expressed in protein databases).
Development and characterization of structural adhesives for aerospace industry with alumina nanoparticles under shear and thermo-mechanical impact loads (2019)

The present work aims to improve the mechanical properties of Epocast 50-A1/946 epoxy via incorporation of alumina nanoparticles using an ultrasonic agitation method. The optimum weight percentage of alumina nanoparticles was determined based on the improvement in the shear and impact properties of the nanocomposites at room temperature and 50 ℃. Accordingly, neat epoxy panels and nanocomposite panels with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt% alumina nanoparticles were fabricated. The shear and thermo-mechanical impact properties of the panels were measured using an instrumented drop-weight impact machine and an Iosipescu shear test fixture, respectively, according to ASTMs D5379 and D7136. The maximum improvement in shear strength and modulus was 10.9% and 8.1%, respectively, for the nanocomposites containing 1.0 and 1.5 wt% alumina nanoparticles. The predicted shear moduli of the nanocomposites agreed well with the measured values with a maximum error of 6.52%. The optimal performance of impact properties was achieved by incorporating 1.0 wt% of alumina nanoparticles. Namely, the maximum impact-bending stiffness, contact force, and absorbed energy were increased by 12.9%, 13.0%, and 23.4%, respectively. The test temperature of 50 ℃ was found to have a negative effect on the impact-bending stiffness and the maximum contact force. On the other hand, the absorbed energy was increased up to 12.1%.
Active Components of Commonly Prescribed Medicines Affect Influenza a Virus-Host Cell Interaction: A Pilot Study (2021)

Background: Every year, millions of people are hospitalized, and thousands die from influenza A virus (FLUAV) infection. Most cases of hospitalizations and death occur among elderly. Many of these elderly patients are reliant on medical treatment of underlying chronic diseases, such as arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension. We hypothesized that the commonly prescribed medicines for treatment of underlying chronic diseases can affect host responses to FLUAV infection, and thus contribute to morbidity and mortality associated with influenza. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether commonly prescribed medicines could affect host responses to virus infection in vitro. Methods: We first identified 45 active compounds of medicines commonly prescribed in Central Norway. Then we constructed a drug-target interaction network and identified potential implication of these interactions for FLUAV-host cell interplay. Finally, we tested the effect of 45 drugs on viability, transcription and metabolism of mock- and A/WSN/33(H1N1)-infected human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Results: In silico drug-target interaction analysis revealed that many drugs, such as acetylsalicylic acid, atorvastatin, candesartan, and hydroxocobalam, could target and modulate FLUAV-host cell interaction. In vitro experiments showed that these and other compounds at non-cytotoxic concentrations differently affected transcription and metabolism of mock- and FLUAV-infected cells. Conclusion: Many commonly prescribed drugs modulate FLUAV-host cell interactions in vitro and therefore could affect their interplay in vivo, thus, contributing to morbidity and mortality of patients with influenza virus infections.
Two-dimensional Photonic Bandgap Structures at 850 nm (1996)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Thomas F. Krauss and Richard M. De La Rue, "Two-dimensional Photonic Bandgap Structures at 850 nm," Optics & Photonics News 7(12), 26-26 (1996) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
[Urgent removal of ruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children]. (2010)

In 60-80% of children with arteriovenous malformation (AVM), the first manifestation is an abrupt rupture resulting in intracranial hemorrhage. Some cases of acute rupture result in compressive hematoma, severe mass effect and comatose patients. Acute surgery on cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has seldom been reported or used. The authors present case reports of 3 children (ages: five months, 7 and 9 years) who underwent craniotomy for intraparenchymal hematoma evacuation and AVM removal within a few hours of bleeding. All 3 children arrived with decreased Levels of consciousness and rapid neurological deterioration. The 5 months old boy also suffered hypovolemic shock. The fast neurological worsening and mass effect of the extensive intracerebral hemorrhage prompted early surgical treatment. Due to active bleeding from the AVM, it was already resected in the acute stage using minimal invasive techniques. After one year of follow-up, all 3 children fully recovered with no neurological deficit. Post-operative angiography was performed to confirm that the malformation was totally removed. The management of AVM should include formal angiography, with or without endovascular embolization and late surgery when indicated. In this report, the authors presented 3 children who underwent urgent resection of the lesion with full neurological recovery. The management of AVM is reviewed with comparisons between surgical resection in the acute phase versus the late phase.
Deletion of β-adrenergic receptor 1, 2, or both leads to different bone phenotypes and response to mechanical stimulation (2012)

As they age, mice deficient for the β2-adrenergic receptor (Adrb2(-/-) ) maintain greater trabecular bone microarchitecture, as a result of lower bone resorption and increased bone formation. The role of β1-adrenergic receptor signaling and its interaction with β2-adrenergic receptor on bone mass regulation, however, remains poorly understood. We first investigated the skeletal response to mechanical stimulation in mice deficient for β1-adrenergic receptors and/or β2-adrenergic receptors. Upon axial compression loading of the tibia, bone density, cancellous and cortical microarchitecture, as well as histomorphometric bone forming indices, were increased in both Adrb2(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, but not in Adrb1(-/-) nor in Adrb1b2(-/-) mice. Moreover, in the unstimulated femur and vertebra, bone mass and microarchitecture were increased in Adrb2(-/-) mice, whereas in Adrb1(-/-) and Adrb1b2(-/-) double knockout mice, femur bone mineral density (BMD), cancellous bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), cortical size, and cortical thickness were lower compared to WT. Bone histomorphometry and biochemical markers showed markedly decreased bone formation in Adrb1b2(-/-) mice during growth, which paralleled a significant decline in circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3). Finally, administration of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol increased bone resorption and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and decreased bone mass and microarchitecture in WT but not in Adrb1b2(-/-) mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate that β1- and β2-adrenergic signaling exert opposite effects on bone, with β1 exerting a predominant anabolic stimulus in response to mechanical stimulation and during growth, whereas β2-adrenergic receptor signaling mainly regulates bone resorption during aging.
19.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Printing Processes for the Vacuum Free Manufacture of Liquid Crystal Cells with Plastic Substrates (2000)

Abstract Printing processes for etch resist, alignment layer, glue and also nematic and ferrorelectric LCs are presented. Special care is taken to print the FLC with the desired alignment. A comparison between knife coating with a doctor blade as well as flexographic and inkjet printing will be offered.
Predictive value of mild, residual descending aortic narrowing for blood pressure and vascular damage in patients after repair of aortic coarctation (2004)

Mild residual descending aortic narrowing in post-coarctectomy patients is independently associated with mean daytime blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness. Our data suggest that a threshold for re-intervention of residual aortic narrowing lower than posed in current guidelines may be desirable to improve long-term outcome in these patients. However, further research on such aggressive interventional approaches is needed.
Figure S1 from SIRPα-Antibody Fusion Proteins Selectively Bind and Eliminate Dual Antigen-Expressing Tumor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: SIRPabodies bind to CD20 and CD47 with weak affinity for CD47&lt;/p&gt;
High efficiency GaAs/GaSb tandem solar cells and tandem circuit cards (2003)

Infrared-sensitive GaSb cells and visible-light-sensitive GaAs cells designed for satellite applications are described. The best component cell efficiencies add up to 28.1% under concentrated sunlight (30*, AM0). Two-terminal tandem cell circuit cards containing nine transparent GaAs cells mounted over holes on the front side of a ceramic double-sided printed circuit card and nine GaSb cells mounted on the back side of the same card have been fabricated and tested. Circuit level conversion efficiencies over 25% (AM0) are demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Contribution of MAP Kinases ERK1/2 in Beta Cell Function (2010)

Pancreatic islet development and beta‐cell function are dependent on the coordinated activity of multiple islet‐enriched transcription factors, including PDX‐1, NKX6.1, MafA and BETA2. Somatic mutations in these factors have been implicated in maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic beta‐cell function and integrity is necessary for the development of anti‐diabetic drugs. Activation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) Extracellular signal‐related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in beta cells is required for insulin gene transcription and secretion. Using in vitro and cell culture approaches, we showed that ERK1/2 phosphorylate BETA2, PDX‐1 and MafA and modulate their DNA binding activity and ability to form ternary complexes required for insulin gene transcription and beta‐cell function. Isoxazole, a compound identified in a small molecule screen, shows improved beta‐cell function through chromatin remodeling and transcription factor activation in a pleiotropic pathway involving ERK1/2. We are exploring the molecular mechanisms involved in this signal transduction pathway. Source of funding: NIH R37 DK34128 NIH RO1 DIC55310
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Isoquinoline Synthesis Using Catalytic Enolate Arylation and in situ Functionalization. (2014)

Abstract A multistep synthesis of functionalized isoquinolines using Pd‐catalyzed reaction of compounds (I), (V), and (XI) with methyl ketones followed by quenching with a variety of electrophiles is developed.
The Use of a Virtual Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Matrix Stimulation Treatments in the Heidrun Field (2002)

Abstract In this study, a new technique for designing matrix stimulation treatments is examined. The technique uses a geochemical simulator in combination with simple experiments with batch reactors and short reservoir cores. The new technique is compared with alternative design techniques, such as those using long core flow tests and laboratory radial flow setups. The strengths and weaknesses of the design techniques are presented. The effectiveness of the treatment design with the new technique is evaluated with a case study on a well in the Heidrun field. It was found that compared to alternative approaches, the new technique provides a simpler, faster, and cost-effective method for treatment design. Furthermore, the new technique also provides a more accurate scaleup to reservoir flow conditions than other design alternatives. The improved accuracy results from more precise accounting for reservoir and damage mineralogy and radial flow. Heidrun is a heterogeneous reservoir with high clay content. We found that these effects were more practical to examine with a validated simulator than with specially designed laboratory experiments. Treatment design in the case study was difficult because the target well was the first to be acidized in the formation. As no prior stimulation experience existed, a reliable means of treatment design was required. We show how the new technique can be used to develop such a design. Post-treatment data from the well showed a successful matrix treatment design. The productivity index for the well increased from a pre-treatment value of 20 to a post-treatment value of 55 m3/day/bar at standard conditions.
<i>FOCAD</i> Indel in a Family With Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (2022)

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is a childhood polyposis syndrome with up to a 50% lifetime risk of gastrointestinal cancer. Germline pathogenic variants in BMPR1A and SMAD4 are responsible for around 40% of cases of JPS, but for the majority of individuals, the underlying genetic cause is unknown. We identified a family for which polyposis spanned four generations, and the proband had a clinical diagnosis of JPS. Next-generation sequencing was conducted, followed by Sanger sequencing confirmation. We identified an internal deletion of the FOCAD gene in all family members tested that altered the reading frame and is predicted to be pathogenic. We conclude that inactivation of the FOCAD gene is likely to cause JPS in this family.
Analysis of the Thermal Environment and Thermal Response Associated with Thermal-Acoustic Testing (1990)

A method is developed for predicting the radiant heat flux distribution produced by a bank of quartz radiant heaters which accounts for the specular and diffuse effects of a flat reflector or the diffuse effects of individual parabolic reflectors. This analysis is experimentally verified for a single unreflected lamp and a single lamp with a flat reflector. Observations on the further development of this analysis and experimental validation are discussed.
ANALYSIS OF GLYCOPROTEIN-ASSOCIATED OLIGOSACCHARIDES (1993)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Synthesizing Training Images for Boosting Human 3D Pose Estimation (2016)

Human 3D pose estimation from a single image is a challenging task with numerous applications. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have recently achieved superior performance on the task of 2D pose estimation from a single image, by training on images with 2D annotations collected by crowd sourcing. This suggests that similar success could be achieved for direct estimation of 3D poses. However, 3D poses are much harder to annotate, and the lack of suitable annotated training images hinders attempts towards end-to-end solutions. To address this issue, we opt to automatically synthesize training images with ground truth pose annotations. Our work is a systematic study along this road. We find that pose space coverage and texture diversity are the key ingredients for the effectiveness of synthetic training data. We present a fully automatic, scalable approach that samples the human pose space for guiding the synthesis procedure and extracts clothing textures from real images. Furthermore, we explore domain adaptation for bridging the gap between our synthetic training images and real testing photos. We demonstrate that CNNs trained with our synthetic images out-perform those trained with real photos on 3D pose estimation tasks.
Targeted DNA methylation in human cells using engineered dCas9-methyltransferases (2017)

Mammalian genomes exhibit complex patterns of gene expression regulated, in part, by DNA methylation. The advent of engineered DNA methyltransferases (MTases) to target DNA methylation to specific sites in the genome will accelerate many areas of biological research. However, targeted MTases require clear design rules to direct site-specific DNA methylation and minimize the unintended effects of off-target DNA methylation. Here we report a targeted MTase composed of an artificially split CpG MTase (sMTase) with one fragment fused to a catalytically-inactive Cas9 (dCas9) that directs the functional assembly of sMTase fragments at the targeted CpG site. We precisely map RNA-programmed DNA methylation to targeted CpG sites as a function of distance and orientation from the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). Expression of the dCas9-sMTase in mammalian cells led to predictable and efficient (up to ~70%) DNA methylation at targeted sites. Multiplexing sgRNAs enabled targeting methylation to multiple sites in a single promoter and to multiple sites in multiple promoters. This programmable de novo MTase tool might be used for studying mechanisms of initiation, spreading and inheritance of DNA methylation, and for therapeutic gene silencing.
Photon helicity driven currents in graphene (2010)

We report on the observation of photon helicity driven currents in graphene. We demonstrate that by illuminating unbiased monolayer graphene samples with terahertz (THz) laser radiation at room temperature under oblique and normal incidence causes directed electric currents. This includes currents which are solely driven by the light's helicity.
Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Modeling of Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency and the Enzyme Replacement Therapy Olipudase Alfa Is an Innovative Tool for Linking Pathophysiology and Pharmacology (2018)

Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, including hepatosplenomegaly and infiltrative pulmonary disease, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Olipudase alfa (recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase) is an enzyme replacement therapy under development for the non-neurological manifestations of ASMD. We present a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model supporting the clinical development of olipudase alfa. The model is multiscale and mechanistic, linking the enzymatic deficiency driving the disease to molecular-level, cellular-level, and organ-level effects. Model development was informed by natural history, and preclinical and clinical studies. By considering patient-specific pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and indicators of disease severity, the model describes pharmacodynamic (PD) and clinical end points for individual patients. The ASMD QSP model provides a platform for quantitatively assessing systemic pharmacological effects in adult and pediatric patients, and explaining variability within and across these patient populations, thereby supporting the extrapolation of treatment response from adults to pediatrics.
Improvements of on-membrane method for thin-film thermal conductivity and emissivity measurements (2003)

In this paper we present a numerical simulation and various test-structure configurations, which enable the measurement of the thermal conductivity and emissivity of thin films by the Volklein method to be more versatile and accurate. The capabilities of the Volklein method to measure a broader range of materials are extended by using smaller membranes and by taking into account the two-dimensional heat transfer in the membrane. The measurement method is extended to the measurement of the heat transfer coefficient of convection. The test-structures are adapted to be integrated in the process flow of a thin-film-based thermoelectric micro-generator by putting the thermoelectric material to be measured on the top of the membrane and side by side with the heater. The measurement method is tested on various materials ranging from ceramics and metal to polycrystalline silicon.