gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of porcine CD4/CD8 double‐positive T lymphocytes in mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissues (1996)

The present study describes the distribution of CD4/CD8 double-positive (DP) T cells in lymph nodes and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues of pigs at 6-7 months of age. Proportions of lymphocytes isolated from peripheral, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes expressing CD4 and/or CD8 molecules were similar and ranged from 10-13% CD4/CD8 DP cells, 25-27% CD4 single-positive (SP) cells, and 27-32% CD8 SP cells. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues had significantly smaller proportions of CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells than lymph nodes and CD4/CD8 DP cells accounted for a larger proportion of the total CD4+ lymphocytes than in lymph nodes. Compared to the lymph nodes, the predominant CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-cell subset in tonsils was the CD4/CD8 DP population (18%), because of both a higher proportion of these cells and a lower proportion of CD4 SP (12%) and CD8 SP (14%) lymphocyte subsets. Jejunal Peyer's patches were comprised of 12% CD4 SP, 28% CD8 SP and 10% CD4/CD8 DP lymphocytes. In contrast, the mid-section of the continuous Peyer's patch in the ileum contained 7% CD4 SP, 8% CD8 SP and 4% CD4/CD8 DP lymphocytes. The distribution of T lymphocytes in porcine mucosal lymphoid aggregates agrees with the reported correlation between high and low rates of lymphocyte entry into these tissues and the abundance or scarcity of T cells, respectively. Defining the role of CD4/CD8 DP lymphocytes and their unique distribution in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in the pig may reveal novel T-cell-mediated regulatory pathways.
A general approach to directing assembly behavior of gold colloids by co-polymer molecules, and tracking and imaging solution nanostructures of the polymer molecules (2009)

For the first time the templating function of block polymers, which have been widely used in templated synthesis of mesoporous silica and metal oxides, was successfully used to direct assembly of gold (Au) colloids. The Au colloids were prepared by reduction of a Au precursor (HAuCl4) by ethanol in the presence of lysine and Pluronic P123 molecules. The lysine molecules are able to cap the Au colloids and form H-bond with the Pluronic P123 molecules, thus the self-assembly behaviors of the polymer molecules can drive that of the Au colloids. A number of nanostructures of the polymer including linear, spherical and lamellar aggregates coated with Au colloids were observed depending on the P123/Au ratio, reaction temperature and time, etc. These different nanostructures finally evolved into a spherical structure and could be harvested by centrifuge. On the other hand, the self-assembling behaviors of the polymer molecules could be influenced by the loaded Au colloids and their nanophases became much more “visible” by TEM and UV-vis absorbance measurement due to the loading of the Au colloids on them. It is believed this new approach can be applied to the controlled assembly of some other metal nanoparticles and lead to new applications for them.
Conductive shape memory nanocomposites for high speed electrical actuation (2010)

A new shape memory nanocomposite that exhibits rapid electrical actuation capabilities is fabricated by incorporating continuous, non-woven carbon nanofibers (CNFs) into an epoxy based SMP matrix. The fiber morphology and nanometre size provide a percolating conductive network with a large interfacial area. This not only gives high electrical conductivity but also simultaneously enhances heat transfer and recovery stress.
Assembly, Trafficking and Function of γ-Secretase (2006)

γ-Secretase catalyzes the final cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein to generate amyloid-β peptide, the principal component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we review the identification of γ-secretase as a protease complex and its assembly and trafficking to its site(s) of cellular function. In reconstitution experiments, γ-secretase was found to be composed of four integral membrane proteins, presenilin (PS), nicastrin (NCT), PEN-2 and APH-1 that are essential and sufficient for γ-secretase activity. PS, which serves as a catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, was identified as a prototypic member of novel aspartyl proteases of the GxGD type. In human cells, γ-secretase could be further defined as a heterogeneous activity consisting of distinct complexes that are composed of PS1 or PS2 and APH-1a or APH-1b homologues together with NCT and PEN-2. Using green fluorescent protein as a reporter we localized PS and γ-secretase activity at the plasma membrane and endosomes. Investigation of γ-secretase complex assembly in knockdown and knockout cells of the individual subunits allowed us to develop a model of complex assembly in which NCT and APH-1 first stabilize PS before PEN-2 assembles as the last component. Furthermore, we could map domains in PS and PEN-2 that govern assembly and trafficking of the complex. Finally, Rer1 was identified as a PEN-2-binding protein that serves a role as an auxiliary factor for γ-secretase complex assembly.
Introducing Probability in RFID Reader-to-Reader Anti-collision (2009)

Nowadays, several kinds of applications based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) employ a large number of tags and readers, involving collision problems. A relevant group of reader-to-reader anti-collision protocols are based on time division. Normally these protocols do not require special readers or additional entities; their main challenge is the collision resolution, since after a collision, readers have to choose a new time slot trying to avoid new collisions.It is observed that after a collision, its slot is often unoccupied, therefore this paper proposes to introduce the slot change probability as an additional parameter, in order to reduce the number of readers that change slot and the number of colliding transmissions. A new version of Distributed Color Selection (DCS) is presented, analyzed and compared with well-known protocols based on time division. The simulation analysis shows that the average time required to transmit may be reduced by over 10%.
Laser Ultrasonic Transport of Drugs in Living Tissues (1998)

This paper deals with non-invasive erbium: yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser drug delivery methods, i.e. laser optoacoustic (OA) impregnation, enhanced laser OA impregnation, laser injection, and laser OA injection. Preliminary in vitro experiments on stratum corneum laser ablation, enhanced diffusion, brilliant green laser injection into both gelatinous gel and an autopsy piglet skin, and research on laser OA injection have been conducted. The vacuum suction mechanism of laser drug injection is discussed.
Successful Launch of Cardiac Transplantation in Japan (2000)

Cardiac transplantation has been established as a therapeutic strategy for patients with end-stage heart failure. In Japan, however, cardiac transplantation has not been performed since the first case in 1968, and even now, after legislation for the approval of brain death was passed in 1997, it is still not performed regularly. Following long and steady efforts to enlighten Japanese society about the concept of brain death and the importance of organ transplantation, the first cardiac transplantation under the new legislation was successfully performed at Osaka University Hospital on February 1999. The patient was 47-year-old male in the dilated phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who had been supported with an implantable left ventricular assist device. This article briefly reviews the situation prior to the first case of cardiac transplantation under the new legislation and discusses the current status of the therapy in Japan.
Development of a Disk-Power Monitoring Environment Using a Stream Processing Engine (2012)

Rapid increase of digital information accelerates advancement of large capacity and high performance storage systems. Reduction of power-consumption in storage systems is also paid much attention. For improvement of performance and power consumption, storage management techniques utilizing sensing data provided by power meters and operating systems become important. However, we have to collect and process massive sensing data from heterogeneous sources in storage systems. In this paper, to reduce costs for implementing storage management techniques and their evaluation, we propose a disk monitoring environment using a stream processing engine. Stream processing engines are specialized to process continuous queries on data streams. We have developed some wrapper programs to import sensing data. Our monitoring environment covers power-consumption of each disk, disk temperature, file accesses on a file system, IO statistics and so on. Users can specify monitoring requirements for these streams as continuous queries. We also consider changes of hardware configurations such as the number of disks to be monitored. We can dynamically change parameters for wrappers, and add/remove wrappers on the running stream processing engine.
Growth of highly oriented Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 films on MgO-buffered oxidized Si substrates and its application to ferroelectric nonvolatile memory field-effect transistors (1998)

We have grown highly oriented lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 or PZT] films on oxidized silicon substrates using a thin MgO buffer layer (7–70 nm thick). Ferroelectric nonvolatile memory field-effect transistors (FETs) were successfully fabricated using the metal/PZT/MgO/SiO2/Si structure in conjunction with radio-frequency sputter deposition of PZT and MgO films. The fabricated devices show excellent performance in ferroelectric polarization switching and memory retention. The results indicate that a thin MgO buffer serves well not only as a template layer for the growth of oriented PZT films on amorphous substrates, but also as a diffusion barrier between a ferroelectric and a substrate during device fabrication, protecting the SiO2/Si interface and the FET channel region.
Solar: A Pervasive-Computing Infrastructure for Context-Aware Mobile Applications (2002)

Emerging pervasive computing technologies transform the way we live and work by embedding computation in our surrounding environment. To avoid increasing complexity, and allow the user to concentrate on her tasks, ap- plications must automatically adapt to their changing context, the physical and computational environment in which they run. To support these context-aware applications we propose a graph-based abstraction for collecting, aggregating, and disseminating context information. The abstraction models context informa- tion as events, which are produced by sources, flow through a directed acyclic graph of event-processing operators, and are delivered to subscribing applica- tions. Applications describe their desired event stream as a tree of operators that aggregate low-level context information published by existing sources into the high-level context information needed by the application. The operator graph is thus the dynamic combination of all applications' subscription trees. In this pa- per, we motivate our graph abstraction by discussing several applications under development, sketch the architecture of our system (Solar) that implements our abstraction, report some early experimental results from the prototype, and out- line issues for future research.
Amélioration de l'isolation d'un patch par séparation des accès (2002)

International audience
β‐Gallium Oxide Devices: Progress and Outlook (2021)

Beta‐gallium oxide () has a history of research and development for over 70 years; however, it has attracted little attention as a semiconductor material for a long time. The situation has drastically changed in the past decade, and research on its material properties and developments of growth and device technologies has become active worldwide, mainly from expectations for applications to next‐generation power devices. Most of the specific material properties are attributed to its extremely large bandgap energy of 4.5 eV. The other important material feature is that large‐size single‐crystal bulks can be synthesized by melt growth methods. Herein, after introducing the material properties of that are important for electronic devices, the current status of bulk melt growth and epitaxial thin‐film growth technologies is given. State‐of‐the‐art diodes and transistors are also discussed, including future prospects.
Labeling of Multiple HIV-1 Proteins with the Biarsenical-Tetracysteine System (2011)

Due to its small size and versatility, the biarsenical-tetracysteine system is an attractive way to label viral proteins for live cell imaging. This study describes the genetic labeling of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) structural proteins (matrix, capsid and nucleocapsid), enzymes (protease, reverse transcriptase, RNAse H and integrase) and envelope glycoprotein 120 with a tetracysteine tag in the context of a full-length virus. We measure the impact of these modifications on the natural virus infection and, most importantly, present the first infectious HIV-1 construct containing a fluorescently-labeled nucleocapsid protein. Furthermore, due to the high background levels normally associated with the labeling of tetracysteine-tagged proteins we have also optimized a metabolic labeling system that produces infectious virus containing the natural envelope glycoproteins and specifically labeled tetracysteine-tagged proteins that can easily be detected after virus infection of T-lymphocytes. This approach can be adapted to other viral systems for the visualization of the interplay between virus and host cell during infection.
Enhanced multiuser random beamforming: dealing with the not so large number of users case (2008)

We consider the downlink of a wireless system with an M-antenna base station and K single-antenna users. A limited feedback-based scheduling and precoding scenario is considered that builds on the multiuser random beamforming (RBF). Such a scheme was shown to yield the same capacity scaling, in terms of multiplexing and multiuser diversity gain, as the optimal full CSIT-based (channel state information at transmitter) precoding scheme, in the large number of users K regime. Unfortunately, for more practically relevant (low to moderate) K values, RBF yields degraded performance. In this work, we investigate solutions to this problem. We introduce a two-stage framework that decouples the scheduling and beamforming problems. In our scenario, RBF is exploited to identify good, spatially separable, users in a first stage. In the second stage, the initial random beams are refined based on the available feedback to offer improved performance toward the selected users. Specifically, we propose beam power control techniques that do not change the direction of the second-stage beams, offering feedback reduction and performance tradeoffs. The common feature of these schemes is to restore robustness of RBF with respect to sparse network settings (low K), at the cost of moderate complexity increase.
Esophageal cancer-related gene 4 at the interface of injury, inflammation, infection, and malignancy (2014)

In humans, esophageal cancer-related gene 4 (ECRG4) is encoded by four exons in the c2orf40 locus of chromosome 2. Translation of ECRG4 messenger ribonucleic acid produces a 148 amino acid-secreted 17 KDa protein that is then processed to 14, ten, eight, six, four, and two KDa peptides, depending on the cell in which the gene is expressed. As hypermethylation at the c2orf40 locus inhibits ECRG4 gene expression in many epithelial cancers, several investigators have speculated that ECRG4 is a candidate tumor suppressor. Indeed, overexpression of ECRG4 inhibits cell proliferation in vitro, but it also has a wide range of effects in vivo beyond its antitumor activity. ECRG4 overexpression affects apoptosis, senescence, cell migration, inflammation, injury, and infection responsiveness. ECRG4 activities also depend on its cellular localization, secretion, and post-translational processing. These cytokine/chemokine-like characteristics argue that ECRG4 is not a traditional candidate tumor suppressor gene, as originally predicted by its downregulation in cancer. We review how insights into the regulation of ECRG4 gene expression, knowledge of its primary structure, and the study of its emerging physiological functions come together to support a much more complex role for ECRG4 at the interface of inflammation, infection, and malignancy.
Competing Recombinant Technologies for Environmental Innovation (2010)

This article presents a model of sequential decisions about investments in environmentally dirty and clean technologies, which extends the path-dependence framework of Arthur (1989). This allows us to evaluate if and how an economy locked into a dirty technology can be unlocked and move towards the clean technology. The main extension involves the inclusion of the effect of recombinant innovation of the two technologies. A mechanism of endogenous competition is described involving a positive externality of increasing returns to investment which are counterbalanced by recombinant innovation. We determine conditions under which lock-in can be avoided or escaped. A second extension is "symmetry breaking" of the the system due to the introduction of an environmental policy that charges a price for polluting. A final extension adds a cost of environmental policy in the form of lower returns on investment implemented through a growth-depressing factor. We compare cumulative pollution under different scenarios, so that we can evaluate the combination of environmental regulation and recombinant innovation.
Effect of localized oxygen functionalization on the conductance of metallic carbon nanotubes (2009)

A comprehensive study of the effect of covalent oxygen attachment on the transmission and conductance of armchair and metallic zigzag carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. In both armchair and zigzag CNTs covalent oxygen attachment favors an ether-type bond in which the C-C bond breaks. Oxygen atoms attached on the CNT surface within the same carbon ring on parallel bonds are energetically more stable than well-separated attachments. In an armchair CNT, oxygen attachment favors the C-C bonds orthogonal to the CNT axis. Cooperative addition propagates axially along parallel orthogonal bonds. In a zigzag CNT, oxygen attachment prefers the slanted bond, and cooperative addition propagates spirally along parallel slanted bonds. Closely spaced oxygen attachment on the armchair and zigzag CNT surfaces causes a dip in transmission symmetrically away from the Fermi level at the turn-on of the first excited modes. For both armchair and zigzag CNTs, as more oxygen atoms are placed in close proximity, their levels interact and split and move closer to the Fermi level which results in broader dips in transmission closer to the Fermi level. The transmission of armchair CNTs near the charge-neutral Fermi level is relatively insensitive to a group of localized oxygen atoms compared to that of metallic zigzag CNTs. A clustered group of oxygen atoms covalently attached to a single-walled metallic zigzag CNT can result in a 1 order of magnitude drop in transmission that is asymmetric with respect to the Fermi energy resulting in a qualitative resemblance to conductance versus gate voltage curves observed experimentally. The covalent attachment of a single oxygen atom in any configuration, on either, an armchair, or zigzag metallic CNT does not give rise to a large change in conductance. Calculations use density-functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green's functions.
Cetuximab, fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin, and docetaxel as first-line treatment in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN): Interim results of a randomized phase II clinical trial (CeFCiD). (2013)

e17021 Background: This study investigates efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel added to cetuximab, cisplatin and 5-FU for patients with R/M SCCHN. We here report a planned second interim analysis to compare response rates between arms in order to decide on continuing to full accrual. Methods: Inclusion criteria were: stage III/IV R/M SCCHN and ECOG 0-1. Patients were randomized to arm A: cetuximab (standard dose) plus a maximum of 6 cycles of docetaxel (40 mg/m², day 1+8), cisplatin (40 mg/m², day 1+8) and 5-FU (2000 mg/m², day 1+8) or to arm B: cetuximab (standard dose), cisplatin (100 mg/m², day 1) and 5-FU (1000 mg/m², day 1-4). Treatment was administered until progression or intolerability. The endpoint of this analysis was RR. Results: A first interim analysis for toxicity after treatment of 20 patients per arm revealed more hematologic and gastrointestinal grade III/IV toxicities in the experimental arm. Therefore dose reductions of cisplatin from 40 to 30 mg/m² and 5-FU from 2,000 to 1,000 mg/m² had been introduced. A secondary toxicity analysis with 40 patients per arm observed reduced treatment related toxicities. Currently 100 patients could be assessed for response: arm A: 82 % male, median age 58 years, arm B: 82 % male, median age 60 years. Best overall RR was 41 % (3 CR, 18 PR) in arm A compared to 45 % (4 CR, 19 PR) in arm B. The DCR was 75 % in arm A and 80 % in arm B. Conclusions: After introducing dose reductions toxicity is manageable. Comparable response rates were seen in both arms. CeFCiD continues per protocol for evaluation of the primary endpoint PFS. Enrollment is estimated to be completed in Aug 2013. Clinical trial information: CeFCiD-1108.
Dielectric characteristic evaluation of proton beam irradiated polyimide films (2010)

We evaluate the dielectric characteristic of polymeric materials for MLI (Multi Layer Insulator, a kind of thermal insulation material) for spacecraft under high energy proton irradiation using results of space charge distribution. Spacecrafts have a serious damage due to the electro-static discharge accident. The electric charges are accumulated in the polymeric materials due to radioactive rays, especially electrons and protons. The charge accumulation is the origin of aging and discharging phenomena, furthermore those become trigger for spacecraft operation anomaly. Therefore, we need to obtain the space charge distribution in the bulks. In this study, we especially focused polyimide films for MLI irradiated by high energy proton. We measured the space charge distribution in the bulks during and after proton beam irradiation. From the results, it is found that positive charges accumulate in the bulk at the position of proton penetration depth. Furthermore, the characteristics of space charge accumulation are difference between the current and energy of irradiated proton. In case of comparison between high and low dose rate irradiation under same total dose condition of both irradiation, the mobility of accumulated charges increase with rate increment. We also obtained same tendency from the results of conductivity measurement treated by ASTM method. From the above our descriptions, we discuss and estimate the aging of dielectric properties on the polyimide films irradiated by proton in this paper.