gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric characterization by current-voltage curves in samples of human DNA with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (2002)

We have developed electrical characterizations by current-voltage measures at room temperature in human DNA samples extracted of sanguineous cells in patients with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) and this were compared with I-V curves for DNA samples of healthy people. The plots show a disorderly behavior, reflected in abrupt changes of concavity for human DNA samples with HIV. Nevertheless, the responses for DNA samples without HIV present an uniform and predictable behavior (Figure 1 and 2). DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that define the genetic characteristics of all living organisms, including many diseases that affect human health directly, such as the Syndrome Acquired Immune Deficiency AIDS, which is a pandemic disease caused by the retrovirus HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus). The main characteristic of this type of virus its genome, which is composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA) instead of DNA, unlike other viruses. To infect the blood cells, retroviruses must translate its RNA into DNA and insert into the DNA of the cell to infect. In this process of integration, the genetic code is further positioned within the DNA chain of the host cells (1). This alteration in the order of thousands of base pairs causes changes in the physicochemical properties of DNA, including its electrical conduction properties. The research focuses on studying the change in the charge transfer within material caused by the insertion of not desirable retrovirus HIV DNA inside the DNA of human blood cells, which can be observed using current - voltage curves, with current stimulation in the order of nanoamperes. Electrical characterization was performed by means of current-voltage at room temperature in independent samples of human DNA (biologically inactive) extracted from blood cells in HIV-infected patients (without medical treatment) and that responses were compared with the curves obtained in Human DNA from a person without HIV (Control). There were substantial differences in the obtained curves. The responses of control presents a uniform and predictable behavior, while the curves of DNA with HIV showed a disorderly behavior, reflected in abrupt changes of concavity. This would imply that HIV alters directly the properties of charge conductivity, opening the possibility for using the electrical characterization like a system for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus.
A Controlled Study of the Effectiveness of an Adaptive Closed-Loop Algorithm to Minimize Corticosteroid-Induced Stress Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes (2011)

To be effective in type 1 diabetes, algorithms must be able to limit hyperglycemic excursions resulting from medical and emotional stress. We tested an algorithm that estimates insulin sensitivity at regular intervals and continually adjusts gain factors of a fading memory proportional-derivative (FMPD) algorithm. In order to assess whether the algorithm could appropriately adapt and limit the degree of hyperglycemia, we administered oral hydrocortisone repeatedly to create insulin resistance. We compared this indirect adaptive proportional-derivative (APD) algorithm to the FMPD algorithm, which used fixed gain parameters. Each subject with type 1 diabetes (n = 14) was studied on two occasions, each for 33 h. The APD algorithm consistently identified a fall in insulin sensitivity after hydrocortisone. The gain factors and insulin infusion rates were appropriately increased, leading to satisfactory glycemic control after adaptation (premeal glucose on day 2, 148 ± 6 mg/dl). After sufficient time was allowed for adaptation, the late postprandial glucose increment was significantly lower than when measured shortly after the onset of the steroid effect. In addition, during the controlled comparison, glycemia was significantly lower with the APD algorithm than with the FMPD algorithm. No increase in hypoglycemic frequency was found in the APD-only arm. An afferent system of duplicate amperometric sensors demonstrated a high degree of accuracy; the mean absolute relative difference of the sensor used to control the algorithm was 9.6 ± 0.5%. We conclude that an adaptive algorithm that frequently estimates insulin sensitivity and adjusts gain factors is capable of minimizing corticosteroid-induced stress hyperglycemia.
Optimizing Intensive Care Unit Discharge Decisions with Patient Readmissions (2012)

This work examines the impact of discharge decisions under uncertainty in a capacity-constrained high-risk setting: the intensive care unit (ICU). New arrivals to an ICU are typically very high-priority patients and, should the ICU be full upon their arrival, discharging a patient currently residing in the ICU may be required to accommodate a newly admitted patient. Patients so discharged risk physiologic deterioration, which might ultimately require readmission; models of these risks are currently unavailable to providers. These readmissions in turn impose an additional load on the capacity-limited ICU resources. We study the impact of several different ICU discharge strategies on patient mortality and total readmission load. We focus on discharge rules that prioritize patients based on some measure of criticality assuming the availability of a model of readmission risk. We use empirical data from over 5,000 actual ICU patient flows to calibrate our model. The empirical study suggests that a predictive model of the readmission risks associated with discharge decisions, in tandem with simple index policies of the type proposed, can provide very meaningful throughput gains in actual ICUs while at the same time maintaining, or even improving upon, mortality rates. We explicitly provide a discharge policy that accomplishes this. In addition to our empirical work, we conduct a rigorous performance analysis for the family of discharge policies we consider. We show that our policy is optimal in certain regimes, and is otherwise guaranteed to incur readmission related costs no larger than a factor of [Formula: see text] of an optimal discharge strategy, where [Formula: see text] is a certain natural measure of system utilization.
Workshop on Model Based Design for Cyber-Physical Systems (MB4CP) (2015)

This paper provides a summary of the First International Workshop on Model Based Design for Cyber- Physical Systems (MB4CP 2015) in conjunction with DSN 2015 conference in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Internal friction of amorphous silicon in a magnetic field (2000)

The internal friction of e-beam amorphous silicon was measured in a magnetic field between 0 and 6 T, from 1.5--20 K, and was found to be independent of the field to better than 8%. It is concluded that the low energy excitations observed in this experiment are predominantly atomic, not electronic, in nature.
MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES FOR (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub> THIN FILMS ON MgO (001) SUBSTRATE GROWN BY CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION (2005)

ABSTRACT Polycrystalline (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 (PLZT) films were deposited on MgO (001) single crystal substrates using chemical solution deposition method. Structural properties of PLZT films were investigated using X-ray diffractometer. The dielectric properties of PLZT films were investigated under the dc bias field of 0−40 V using interdigital capacitors (IDC) device fabricated by photolithography and etching process. The small signal dielectric properties of PLZT films were calculated by modified conformal mapping the reflection scattering coefficient data measured using an HP 8510C vector network analyzer in 1–20 GHz at room temperature. The IDC device based on polycrystalline PLZT film exhibited about 40% and 8 of capacitance tunability with dc bias variation of 40 V and dielectric quality factor with no dc bias, respectively.
Unpaired Image Captioning by Language Pivoting (2018)

Image captioning is a multimodal task involving computer vision and natural language processing, where the goal is to learn a mapping from the image to its natural language description. In general, the mapping function is learned from a training set of image-caption pairs. However, for some language, large scale image-caption paired corpus might not be available. We present an approach to this unpaired image captioning problem by language pivoting. Our method can effectively capture the characteristics of an image captioner from the pivot language (Chinese) and align it to the target language (English) using another pivot-target (Chinese-English) sentence parallel corpus. We evaluate our method on two image-to-English benchmark datasets: MSCOCO and Flickr30K. Quantitative comparisons against several baseline approaches demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Sensorless control of brushless DC motors at low speed using neural networks (2005)

A sensorless control method of brushless DC (BLDC) motors is presented in this paper. Differently from the previous ones, this method is based on the zero crossing of line back EMFs, which is proofed corresponding to the commutation points and more reliable at low speeds. For the accuracy and robust of the method, an artificial neural network with a section dealing with the outliers is also employed to estimate the line back EMFs by only using measurements of the stator line voltages and currents. The method provides more wide-speed range, and no neutral voltage, phase shifted or silent phase required. A simulation result of the proposed sensorless method is shown. Also, the performance of the proposed method is verified by real-time experiments using the digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320LF2407A.
Progress and prospects for targeting Hsp90 to treat fungal infections (2014)

Fungal pathogens pose a major threat to human health worldwide. They infect billions of people each year, leading to at least 1·5 million deaths. Treatment of fungal infections is difficult due to the limited number of clinically useful antifungal drugs, and the emergence of drug resistance. A promising new strategy to enhance the efficacy of antifungal drugs and block the evolution of drug resistance is to target the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Pharmacological inhibitors of Hsp90 function that are in development as anticancer agents have potential to be repurposed as agents for combination antifungal therapy for some applications, such as biofilm infections. For systemic infections, however, effective combination therapy regimens may require Hsp90 inhibitors that can selectively target Hsp90 in the pathogen, or alternate strategies to compromise function of the Hsp90 chaperone machine. Selectively impairing Hsp90 function in the pathogen could in principle be achieved by targeting Hsp90 co-chaperones or regulators of Hsp90 function that are more divergent between pathogen and host than Hsp90. Antifungal combination therapies could also exploit downstream effectors of Hsp90 that are critical for fungal drug resistance and virulence. Here, we discuss the progress and prospects for establishing Hsp90 as an important therapeutic target for life-threatening fungal infections.
Forward Kinematics for Suspended Under-Actuated Cable-Driven Parallel Robots: A Neural Network Approach (2021)

International audience
Antigen presentation by interferon‐γ‐treated thyroid follicular cells inhibits interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and supports IL‐4 production by B7‐dependent human T cells (1997)

The consequence of recognition of antigen on antigen-presenting cells that are induced to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules following an inflammatory process is still not clear. In this study, we have investigated the outcome of antigen presentation by epithelial cells and we have used as a model thyroid follicular cells (TFC) that are known to express MHC class II molecules in autoimmune thyroid diseases and acquire the capacity to present autoantigens to T cells infiltrating the thyroid gland. The result show that MHC class II-expressing TFC were unable to stimulate a primary T cell alloresponse, using CD4+ T cells from three HLA-mismatched responders. Phenotypic analysis showed that TFC, after incubation with interferon-gamma, do not express the costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80) and -2 (CD86). Addition of murine DAP.3 cells expressing human B7-1 (DAP.3-B7) to cultures containing peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and DR1-expressing TFC led to a proliferative response, suggesting that the failure of TFC to stimulate a primary alloresponse was due to a lack of co-stimulation. Similarly, HLA-DR-restricted, influenza-specific T cell clones dependent on B7 for co-stimulation did not respond to peptide presented by TFC; again the lack of response could be overcome by co-culture of TFC with DAP.3-B7. Furthermore, recognition of antigen on TFC inhibited interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in the B7-dependent T cells. In contrast, in T helper type 0 (Th0) T cells, IL-4 release was not affected by TFC presentation. In addition, antigen presentation by TFC favored IL-4 production relative to IL-2 production by B7-independent Th0 clones. These results suggest that antigen presentation by MHC class II+ TFC may induce tolerance in autoreactive Th1 cells but may simultaneously favors a Th2 response in uncommitted T cells, and thereby support autoantibody production.
CHIP activates HSF1 and confers protection against apoptosis and cellular stress (2020)

Induction of molecular chaperones is the characteristic protective response to environmental stress, and is regulated by a transcriptional program that depends on heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which is normally under negative regulatory control by molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90. In metazoan species, the chaperone system also provides protection against apoptosis. We demonstrate that the dual function co-chaperone/ubiquitin ligase CHIP (C-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein) regulates activation of the stress-chaperone response through induced trimerization and transcriptional activation of HSF1, and is required for protection against stress-induced apoptosis in murine fibroblasts. The consequences of this function are demonstrated by the phenotype of mice lacking CHIP, which develop normally but are temperature-sensitive and develop apoptosis in multiple organs after environmental challenge. CHIP exerts a central and unique role in tuning the response to stress at multiple levels by regulation of protein quality control and transcriptional activation of stress response signaling.
Nonlinear Rooftop Tuned Mass Damper Frame (2014)

Innovative strategies driven toward improving the structural and nonstructural performance of existing buildings during large earthquakes are of paramount interest for researchers and practitioners of earthquake engineering. Likewise, strategies for enhancing performance of new structures in cost effective ways is a key issue for designers and owners. One such strategy is the use of a Nonlinear/inelastic Rooftop Tuned Mass Damper Frame (NRTMDF). This approach utilizes a rooftop penthouse structure as a tuned mass damper with mass incorporated as the roof deck of the penthouse while targeted nonlinearity and energy dissipation are introduced into the system by virtue of buckling restrained braces which link the penthouse mass to the structure below. An analytical parametric study of existing buildings, each modified with an NRTMDF demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach for reducing seismic response. The effectiveness stems from two key actions enabled by the NRTMDF. First, the NRTMDF generates elastic and transient inelastic fundamental period shifts in the structure. For most sites the result is a decrease in the seismic spectral acceleration response. Second, the NRTMDF introduces designated yielding elements within the system (buckling restrained braces). These elements serve as a channel through which seismic energy is dissipated in a safe, controlled and targeted manner. Analytical studies show that for many structures and site conditions the NRTMDF approach effectively decreases peak transient response parameters (base shear, story drift, displacement). In addition, it reduces the demand on nonstructural elements and components observed as diminished floor spectra derived from the analytical models. Energy methods demonstrate that the NRTMDF approach enables significant reductions in total energy demand on the structure in consideration of the complete response history.
Vascular load reduction control based on operator's skill for catheter insertion (2013)

This paper proposes a method for vascular load reduction control that operates in regard to the load on contact points of catheter and blood vessels in catheter insertion. We make an extracorporeal estimation of the load on the contact points, and perform control with a robot arm to reduce the estimated load. We aim to reduce the vascular load through extracting and vibrating action as actually applied by operators. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct an evaluation experiment where a wire is inserted in a tube that simulates a blood vessel. As a result of the experiment we were able to estimate the force on the contact points with an accuracy of an estimation error of 9.1%. Moreover, through vibration control we were able to reduce the load to below 0.1[N] for places where there was an overload of more than 0.5[N]. For vibration control, the experiment also enabled us to derive an effective parameter adjustment method to remove obstructions.
The Distribution of Body Mass Index Among Individuals With and Without Schizophrenia (1999)

Although there may be a small subpopulation of schizophrenic individuals who are underweight, individuals with schizophrenia were, on the whole, as obese as or more obese than individuals without schizophrenia, suggesting that weight gain induced by antipsychotic agents is an important concern for many individuals.
Low frequency noise in submicron Graded-Channel SOI MOSFETs (2013)

The origin of the low-frequency noise in submicron fully depleted Graded-Channel (GC) SOI MOSFET is investigated in terms of the channel length comparing two different technologies, OKI semiconductors and UCL.
The importance of studying small earthquakes (2019)

Tiny earthquakes stitch together big ones
Purification of a skeletal growth factor from human bone (1982)

A skeletal growth factor was isolated and purified from demineralized human bone matrix. A dose of 6 micrograms/mL of the purified factor significantly increased the proliferation rate of embryonic chick bone cells in serum-free culture (292% of controls, p less than 0.0001) but had no effect on embryonic chick skin cells plated at the same initial density. The factor is sensitive to inactivation by trypsin and urea, but not by collagenase, 20% butanol, or 1% mercaptoethanol. It is also resistant to inactivation by heat (stable for 15 min at 75 degrees C) and extremes of pH (stable for 30 min at 4 degrees C from pH 2.5 to 10.0). Purification of the active factor by selective heat and acid precipitations, molecular sieve column chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis provided a material that was homogeneous by the criteria of high-pressure liquid chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing. The apparent molecular weight is 83 000. The purified factor increases bone cell proliferation at doses comparable to other mitogens: 0.3 microgram/mL (3.6 nM) significantly increases DNA synthesis to 231% of controls (p less than 0.001). The purified factor was also active on cultured embryonic chick bones, enhancing the growth rate of tibiae and femurs, as measured by increased dry weight (185% of controls, p less than 0.025) and [3H]proline incorporation (164% of control, p less than 0.001), respectively.
The Duality of Ray-Based and Pinhole-Camera Modeling and 3D Measurement Improvements Using the Ray-Based Model (2022)

Geometrical camera modeling is the precondition for 3D-reconstruction tasks using photogrammetric sensor systems. The purpose of this study is to describe an approach for possible accuracy improvements by using the ray-based-camera model. The relations between the common pinhole and the generally valid ray-based-camera model are shown. A new approach to the implementation and calibration of the ray-based-camera model is introduced. Using a simple laboratory setup consisting of two cameras and a projector, experimental measurements were performed. The experiments and results showed the possibility of easily transforming the common pinhole model into a ray-based model and of performing calibration using the ray-based model. These initial results show the model's potential for considerable accuracy improvements, especially for sensor systems using wide-angle lenses or with deep 3D measurements. This study presents several approaches for further improvements to and the practical usage of high-precision optical 3D measurements.
A serological prevalence survey of Brucella abortus in cattle of rural communities in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa : article (2008)

A serological survey of Brucella abortus in cattle originating from communal grazing areas of Kwa Zulu Natal was carried out between March 2001 and December 2003. The survey was designed as a 2-stage survey, considering the diptank as the primary sampling unit. In total 46 025 animals from 446 diptanks of 33 magisterial districts were sampled and tested using the Rose Bengal test and Complement Fixation Test. The apparent prevalence at district level was adjusted for clustering, diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity, and mapped using ArcView version 3.3. The prevalence of brucellosis in communal grazing areas of Kwa-Zulu Natal was found to be 1.45 % (0.84-2.21%) and varied from 0 to 15.6 % between magisterial districts. In 19 of the 33 magisterial districts no serological reactors were observed. A large variation in prevalence was found within diptank areas. Brucellosis was found to be most prevalent in the northeastern area of the province. The findings of the survey are discussed.
Sensing strategy and recognizing attractor (2002)

The representation of intelligence is analyzed for intelligent behaviours, and its shortcoming is showed. It is proposed that the intelligent sensing behaviour in active sensing is necessary to realize a corresponding ethological behaviour in dynamic environment. As a part of general intelligent measurement methodology, the process of evolving a recognizing attractor is simulated. The behaviour evolution and convergence is described by logistic dynamic model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Concise Route Toward the Synthesis of Novel Imidazo‐tetrazolodiazepinones via Post‐Condensation Modifications of the Ugi‐Azide Adduct. (2015)

Abstract Potentially biologically active imidazo‐tetrazolodiazepinones are prepared following a simple three‐step synthesis consisting of a four‐component Ugi‐reaction, transformation of the product to a tetrazolo‐hydantoin and deprotection with concomitant ring‐closure.
The Role of Scleraxis in Supraspinatus Enthesis Development (2012)

High localized stresses can develop at the interface between dissimilar materials; their attachment is therefore a major engineering challenge. During the development of the tendon-to-bone attachment (the “enthesis”), tendon transitions into fibrocartilage and then into mineralized fibrocartilage as it inserts into bone [1,2]. While natural development leads to a strong and tough enthesis, surgical reattachment and healing of tendon to bone often fails [3]. Thus, a better understanding of the developmental cues necessary for enthesis formation may help to navigate future repair and tissue engineering approaches for tendon-to-bone repair.