gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulate and Eliminate: A Top-to-Bottom Design Methodology for Automatic Generation of Application Specific Architectures (2011)

There is an increasing trend toward application specific processing, particularly in embedded computing devices that have stringent performance requirements. Achieving the desired area and throughput constraints requires careful tuning of the underlying architecture and high-level design tools are gaining increasing acceptance to achieve this goal while decreasing the design time. Most existing tools employ a bottom-to-top methodology, which piece together functional units, interconnect, and control logic based on the given application; this tends to scale poorly. We developed a tool, simulate and eliminate (S&E), that is fundamentally different from the existing high-level design tools as it employs a top-to-bottom methodology. S&E provides automatic generation of a variety of general purpose processing cores with different parameterization options. Then, the provided application(s) are simulated on this general-purpose architecture and the unneeded functionality is eliminated resulting in application specific architecture. S&E generates completely synthesizable hardware description language for an input C and/or MATLAB code. S&E provides different design methods and parameterization options to enable the user to study area and performance tradeoffs over a large number of different architectures and find the optimum architecture for the desired objective.
Rectal expander: United States patent application (2007)

There is disclosed medical apparatus of the type for use in surgery such as transanal endoscopic microsurgery, as well as methods of providing access to, inspecting and enabling surgery within a body passage. In one embodiment of the invention, medical apparatus in the form of a rectal expander (10) is disclosed, the expander (10) being adapted for location at least partly within a body passage such as the rectum (12) of a patient (14), the expander (10) having a leading end (18) and an access area in the form of an opening (20) for access from the expander (10) into the rectum (12), at least part of the opening (20) being spaced from the leading end (18), and the expander (10) being controllably movable between collapse and expansion positions, for expanding the rectum (12).
Effect of polysilicon gate type on the flatband voltage shift for ultrathin oxide-nitride gate stacks (2000)

In this work, we demonstrate that the magnitude of flatband voltage (V/sub FB/) shift for ultrathin (<2 nm) silicon dioxide-silicon nitride (ON) gate stacks in MOSFET's depends on the Fermi level position in the gate material. In addition, a fixed positive charge at the oxide-nitride interface was observed.
A Compound Containing Hexacoordinated Silicon—a Model for Nucleophilic Attack on Anionic, Pentacoordinated Silicon Species? (1989)

Despite a negative partial charge on the Si center, the amino group in 1 is also bonded to this center. This is shown by, among other things, the short SiN distance of ca. 2.15 Å. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to show that the free energy of activation for the cleavage of the SiN bond in an analogue of 1 is larger that in the corresponding adducts of neutral trialkoxysilanes. This finding supports the assumption of hexacoordinated species as intermediates or transition states in nucleophilic substitutions at pentacoordinated silicon compounds. PPN⊕[Ph3PNPPh3]⊕
Microwave Nanophotonic Technologies for Instantaneous Frequency Measurement Systems (2018)

This paper describes recent solutions for microwave instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) systems based on integrated microwave photonics, with particular emphasis on the use of waveguide Bragg gratings (WBG) as a possible approach for the creation of a monolithic photonic IFM system.
Weak A phenotypes associated with novel <i>ABO</i> alleles carrying the <i>A<sup>2</sup></i>‐related 1061C deletion and various missense substitutions (2010)

Missense SNPs were identified in 13 novel A(2)-like alleles, which produced a variety of A subgroup phenotypes.
Impacts of Renewable Energy Generation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review (2023)

Over the last few years, the electric energy demand in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has increased many folds due to several factors including increased population, industrialization, economic activities, and urbanization. The main source of electric power generation in KSA is the burning of petroleum products. Almost one third of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are contributed from the electric power generation sector, mainly, by burning diesel and natural gas. As a result, it makes it necessary to consider alternate forms of electricity generation in order to cut down emissions and to keep sustainable growth alive. The government has planned to diversify energy sources and suppliers. In recent years, energy generation from renewable sources including solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, concentrated solar power (CSP), biomass, geothermal, and tidal, has been given more importance. The ambitious Saudi Vision 2030 targets of 58.7 GW of power generation from renewable energy sources will cause a significant reduction in GHG emissions from the energy sector. This article systematically reviews the impact of renewable energy generation on GHG emissions. The detailed breakdown of GHG emission is discussed. Then, the status of renewable energy generation is investigated, focusing on the technical and economic potentials. The correlation of renewable energy generation and GHG emissions is then explained. The most distinguishing feature of this review is that it provides a comprehensive list of recommendations to reduce GHG emissions. The discussions and recommendations of this article will support decision makers, system planners, industry personnel, researchers, and academics to develop sustainable energy pathways for the Kingdom.
Effects of feeding metabolite combinations produced by<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>on growth performance, faecal microbial population, small intestine villus height and faecal volatile fatty acids in broilers (2009)

1. Four combinations of metabolites produced from strains of Lactobacillus plantarum were used to study the performance of broiler chickens. 2. A total of 432 male Ross broilers were raised from one-day-old to 42 d of age in deep litter pens (12 birds/pen). These birds were divided into 6 groups and fed on different diets: (i) standard maize-soybean-based diet (negative control); (ii) standard maize-soybean-based diet + Neomycin and Oxytetracycline (positive control); (iii) standard maize-soybean-based diet + 0.3% metabolite combination of Lactobacillus plantarum RS5, RI11, RG14 and RG11 strains (com3456); (iv) standard maize-soybean-based diet + 0.3% metabolite combination of L. plantarum TL1, RI11 and RG11 (Com246); (v) standard maize-soybean-based diet + 0.3% metabolite combination of L. plantarum TL1, RG14 and RG11 (Com256) and (vi) standard maize-soybean-based diet + 0.3% metabolite combination of L. plantarum TL1, RS5, RG14 and RG11 (Com2356). 3. Higher final body weight, weight gain, average daily gain and lower feed conversion ratio were found in all 4 treated groups. 4. The addition of a metabolite combination supplementation also increased faecal lactic acid bacteria population, small intestine villus height and faecal volatile fatty acids and faecal Enterobacteriaceae population.
Evaluation of an educational handout on knowledge about toxoplasmosis Avaliação de um folheto educativo abordando o conhecimento sobre toxoplasmose (2010)

Aims: The study sought to determine the factors associated with prior knowledge about toxoplasmosis, and to assess what participants learned after reading an educational handout. Methods: Participants were recruited at two sites in California: a public meeting about water quality in Morro Bay; and at the Women Infants and Children’s Nutrition Program office or La Leche League meetings in Yolo County. Demographic differences between sites were compared using Fisher’s exact test, and change in knowledge before and after reading the handout using MantelHaenszel methodology. Results: Non-Hispanic white participants were more likely than those of Hispanic ethnicity (62% vs. 20%, respectively) to have prior knowledge about toxoplasmosis. The most common source of information was newspapers (36%). Only 16% had obtained information from medical professionals. After reading the handout, 85% of participants identified Toxoplasma gondii as a parasite and 98% identified cats as the source of oocysts. Ninety-eight percent of participants who read the handout were aware they could acquire infection from cat faeces, 94% from meat, 78% from soil or in utero, and 69% from unwashed vegetables. Fewer (59%) recognized all sources. Conclusions: Knowledge about Toxoplasma gondii increased in all areas evaluated, but gaps remained, particularly with regard to environmental sources of Toxoplasma gondii infection and clinical manifestations of disease. In addition to care in handling cat faeces/litter and avoidance of undercooked meat, healthcare providers counseling pregnant women should emphasize the importance of wearing gloves when gardening, hand washing after handling soil or meat, and rinsing fresh vegetables thoroughly before consumption
Spin-orbit coupling in double-sided doped InAs quantum well structures (2010)

We have investigated Rashba spin-orbit interaction [Bychkov and Rashba, JETP Lett. 39, 78 (1984)] parameter (α) in double-sided doped InAs quantum well structures of different potential asymmetries created by introducing two separated carrier supply layers. The internal potential asymmetry is manipulated between negative and positive potential gradient by adjusting the relative doping concentrations of the two carrier supply layers. The larger potential asymmetry results in the more extensive variation in α with respect to gate electric field (Vg). The structures of the negative and positive potential gradients exhibit the opposite variation in α with respect to Vg which evidently supports the fact that the sign of α can be changed by the reversed potential asymmetry.
Dynamics of Supply Chains for Perishable and Non-Perishable Items (2016)

This chapter analyzes the dynamics of supply chains for perishable and non-perishable items and compares them. It starts with a single echelon supply chain with widely used inventory management and ordering policies; and then generalizes it to multi-echelon supply chain. Simulation experiments are conducted to match the results with literature and real-world scenario. It shows how spoilage information can be incorporated in the ordering decision to create highly responsive supply chain, which may not always be desirable. Amplification is lesser and stabilization is faster for supply chains of perishable items. ANOVA shows significant difference for the identified performance metrics under varying demand patterns and to a certain extent varies with the item type.
Analysis of Genes Dominantly Expressed in Rat Cerebral Endothelial Cells Using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (2005)

In mammals, a fully developed, highly branched vascular system specialized for each particular organ or tissue is essential for obtaining metabolic nutrients supply. The formation of a blood-brain barrier that protects against environmental insults is a distinguishing feature of the brain's vascular system. Since this is accomplished by cerebral endothelial cells (CECs), we analyzed the genes specifically and/or dominantly expressed in rat CECs using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH). We found 39 genes specifically and/or dominantly expressed in CECs. 24 genes of known function (thrombospondin-2, vimentin, etc.), 13 genes of known sequence but unknown function including 7 of ESTs (SNERG1, rat GPCR, etc.), and 2 novel genes. The physiological significance of these genes in CECs has been under investigation. SSH is useful for identifying genes regulated in an organ-specific manner in cells such as CECs to obtain clarification of their physiological roles.
Model Simplification and Optimal Control of Stochastic Singularly Perturbed Systems under Exponentiated Quadratic Cost (1996)

We study the optimal control of a general class of stochastic singularly perturbed linear systems with perfect and noisy state measurements under positively and negatively exponentiated quadratic cost. The (expected) cost function to be minimized is actually taken as the long-term time average of the logarithm of the expected value of an exponentiated quadratic loss. We identify appropriate “slow” and “fast” subproblems, obtain their optimum solutions (compatible with the corresponding measurement structure), and subsequently study the performances they achieve on the full-order system as the singular perturbation parameter $\epsilon $ becomes sufficiently small, with the expressions given in all cases being exact to within $O(\sqrt \epsilon )$. It is shown that the composite controller (obtained by appropriately combining the optimum slow and fast controllers) achieves a performance level close to the optimal one whenever the full-order problem has a solution. The slow controller, on the other hand, achieves (asymptotically, as $\epsilon \to 0$) only a finite performance level (but not necessarily optimal), provided that the fast subsystem is open-loop stable. If the intensity of the noise in the system dynamics decreases to zero, however, the slow controller also achieves a performance level close to the optimal one. The paper also presents a more direct derivation (than heretofore available) of the solution to the linear exponential quadratic Gaussian (LEQG) problem under noisy state measurements, which allows for a general quadratic cost (with cross terms) in the exponent and correlation between system and measurement noises, and obtains both necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of an optimal solution. Such a general LEQG problem is encountered in the slow-fast decomposition of the full-order problem, even if the original problem does not feature correlated noises. In this general context, the paper also establishes a complete equivalence between the LEQG problem and the $H^\infty $-optimal control problem with measurement feedback, though this equivalence does not extend to the slow and fast subproblems arrived at after time-scale separation.
Fast Wavelength Switching Based on a Fabry-Perot Laser Pair Using Optical Injection (2004)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new fast wavelength-selectable laser technique, which is based on Fabry–Perot (FP) lasers with external light wave injection. By using different bias currents of FP lasers, wavelength tuning can be realized. In the experiment, the tuning of three different wavelengths tuning, the side-mode suppression ratio of &gt;20 dB, and the wavelength switching time of &lt;2 ns were attained.
Actomyosin interaction modulates resting length of unstimulated cardiac ventricular cells (1996)

We sought to determine whether resting or diastolic cardiac myocyte length during low stimulation rates is regulated by myofilament interaction. Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i, via indo 1 fluorescence) and length, in the presence and absence of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), a potent inhibitor of force production in striated muscle, were measured in rat and guinea pig cardiac myocytes at rest and after electrical stimulation. In tetanized cells BDM reduced steady contraction amplitudes for a given [Ca2+]i. In an actomyosin-sliding filament assay without Ca2+ or regulatory proteins, BDM decreased actin filament velocity along myosin. BDM increased both diastolic and resting cell lengths without changes in [Ca2+]i. The resting cell length also increased when [Ca2+]i was reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+, an effect further enhanced by BDM and by loading cells with the intracellular Ca2+ chelator, 1,2-bis(2-amino-phenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethylester. Thus myofilament interaction is present in cardiac cells, both at rest or during low rates of stimulation, and this myofilament interaction is regulated, in part, by the ambient [Ca2+]i.
Photodynamic activation as a molecular switch to promote osteoblast cell differentiation via AP-1 activation (2015)

In photodynamic therapy (PDT), cells are impregnated with a photosensitizing agent that is activated by light irradiation, thereby photochemically generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The amounts of ROS produced depends on the PDT dose and the nature of the photosensitizer. Although high levels of ROS are cytotoxic, at physiological levels they play a key role as second messengers in cellular signaling pathways, pluripotency, and differentiation of stem cells. To investigate further the use of photochemically triggered manipulation of such pathways, we exposed mouse osteoblast precursor cells and rat primary mesenchymal stromal cells to low-dose PDT. Our results demonstrate that low-dose PDT can promote osteoblast differentiation via the activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1). Although PDT has been used primarily as an anti-cancer therapy, the use of light as a photochemical "molecular switch" to promote differentiation should expand the utility of this method in basic research and clinical applications.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Triphenylene-Based Dendritic Donor Perylene Diimide Acceptor Systems (2011)

A donor-acceptor charge transfer system based on two discotic mesogens has been synthesized. The donor is either a triphenylene (POG0) or a triphenylene-based conjugated dendron (POG1), while the acceptor is a perylene diimide (PDI) core. The donors are covalently linked to the bay positions of the PDI core through an ether linkage. In chloroform, due to the short donor-acceptor distance and the matching frontier orbital levels, photoinduced charge transfer from either the donor excitation or the acceptor excitation are both thermodynamically and kinetically favored, resulting in efficient quenching of both donor and acceptor fluorescence. In a less polar solvent, hexane, while charge transfer is still the dominant mechanism for decay of the excited electronic state of POG1, photoinduced charge transfer is no longer energetically favorable for POG0 when the acceptor PDI core is excited, making the PDI core of POG0 weakly fluorescent in chloroform but strongly so in hexane. In solid film, POG0 is highly aggregated through both PDI-PDI and triphenylene-triphenylene homotopic stacking. POG1, on the other hand, aggregates through triphenylene dendrons with limited PDI-PDI core stacking, presumably due to the steric hindrance caused by bulky triphenylene moieties which block the access to the PDI core. The efficient photoinduced charge transfer, coupled with the homotopic stacking that forms separated electron-transporting PDI-stacked columns and hole transporting triphenylene-stacked columns, suggests that the reported donor-acceptor systems based on dual-discotic mesogens are potentially new efficient photovoltaic materials.
Evaluation of the Proliferative Effects Induced by Low-Level Laser Therapy in Bone Marrow Stem Cell Culture (2015)

The parameters used to irradiate DBMSC increased significantly proliferation without producing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Crystalline anatase-rich titanium can reduce adherence of oral streptococci (2014)

Dental implant abutments that emerge through the mucosa are rapidly covered with a salivary protein pellicle to which bacteria bind, initiating biofilm formation. In this study, adherence of early colonizing streptococci, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis to two saliva-coated anodically oxidized surfaces was compared with that on commercially pure titanium (CpTi). Near edge X-ray absorption (NEXAFS) showed crystalline anatase was more pronounced on the anodically oxidized surfaces than on the CpTi. As revealed by fluorescence microscopy, a four-species mixture, as well as individual bacterial species, exhibited lower adherence after 2 h to the saliva-coated, anatase-rich surfaces than to CpTi. Since wettability did not differ between the saliva-coated surfaces, differences in the concentration and/or configuration of salivary proteins on the anatase-rich surfaces may explain the reduced bacterial binding effect. Anatase-rich surfaces could thus contribute to reduced overall biofilm formation on dental implant abutments through diminished adherence of early colonizers.
Influence of Hot Deformation Conditions on the Annealing Behaviour of Cold Rolled Ultra Low Carbon Steel. (2001)

An ultra low carbon (ULC) steel has been deformed in plane strain compression (PSC) using a Gleeble 3500 thermal and mechanical simulator followed by cold rolling and annealing (CRA). Multiple-pass deformation was used to simulate conditions encountered during hot rolling and to study the effect of finish deformation temperature (FDT) on microstructural development during CRA. It was found that a range of ferrite microstructures were produced when FDT decreased from 920 to 600°C, a temperature range which encompasses both austenite (γ) and ferrite (α) deformation. For FDT>870°C, fine equiaxed ferrite was produced, whereas FDT 850°C produced a coarse-grained microstructure. As FDT was decreased below 850°C, as-deformed ferrite remained with a decreasing propensity for the formation of statically recrystallized grains. At higher FDT, the γ-to-α transformation produced a hot-band texture consisting mainly of {001}<110>, and at FDT below the critical transformation temperature the typical body centred cubic rolling texture also developed. Sections of the as-hot-deformed samples were cold rolled to 80% reduction and annealed at 650°C. It was found that the hot deformation microstructure has a strong influence both on the kinetics of recrystallization and texture development during CRA. In particular, a warm-deformed ferrite microstructure (lower FDT) recrystallized most rapidly to produce a strong <111>//ND recrystallization texture (γ-fibre), whereas an initial coarse-grained ferrite microstructure recrystallized most sluggishly to produce a strong {001}<110> texture. The implications of these results in the production of formable sheet steels is outlined.
Production, Purification, and Characterization of Antifungal Metabolite from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SD12, a New Strain Obtained from Tannery Waste Polluted Soil (2012)

A new strain, SD12, was isolated from tannery waste polluted soil and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the basis of phenotypic traits and by comparison of 16S rRNA sequences. This bacterium exhibited broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The strain produced phosphatases, cellulases, proteases, pectinases, and HCN and also retained its ability to produce hydroxamate-type siderophore. A bioactive metabolite was isolated from P. aeruginosa SD12 and was characterized as 1-hydroxyphenazine ((1-OH-PHZ) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analysis. The strain was used as a biocontrol agent against root rot and wilt disease of pyrethrum caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The stain is also reported to increase the growth and biomass of Plantago ovata. The purified compound, 1-hydroxyphenazine, also showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity towards a range of phytopathogenic fungi, which is the first report of its kind.