gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Holding Area Policies on Shared Autonomous Vehicle Operations (2021)

Shared mobility has an important role in supporting existing transportation options in cities. However, when not deployed carefully, shared services may have operational inefficiencies such as low occupancies and increased deadheading. One reason is the spatio-temporal variance in the distribution of urban trip demand, which may lead to an unbalanced fleet displaced in cities thus unable to serve requested trips. Strategically siting holding areas (depots for dispatching and relocating fleets) could help improve fleet performance. Therefore, this paper considers shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) fleet operations by modeling the impacts of different holding area policies on service performance. Modeling and comparing multiple holding area policies for tactically deploying SAVs is novel, and the insights from this paper can inform service providers on how to site holding areas for improved performance. We develop a model of SAV fleet with pooling in the City of Toronto, with 27,951 total SAV trip requests across a 16-h period. We then integrate four holding area policies estimated using different spatial clustering methods, centralized positioning, and existing taxi stands. Findings indicate that using agglomerative clustering results in superior SAV fleet performances (average passenger waiting times reduced by about 20% compared with the worst performing policy), with increased served demand and reduced deadheading. A single holding area at a high trip density location yields efficient service performance at lower fleets but struggles to serve sparse demand (producing worst results); this method may suffice for operating SAV services within a small geofence with high trip densities.
Continuous flow transport scheduling for conveyor-based AMHS in wafer fabs (2017)

Automated material handling systems (AMHS) can greatly impact the manufacturing performance of a semiconductor fabricating facility (fab). High traffic loads within an AMHS can impede individual wafer lots so that they arrive late at their destination machines. Thus, corresponding process operations as well as dependent succeeding operations will be delayed due to the fab schedule's precedence constraints. Consequently, such transport-related delays can widely propagate throughout the overall fab schedule. In order to reduce transport-related delays before time-critical operations, novel ways of planning wafer transports have been investigated in this study. For validation, a well-known realistic representative wafer fab model has been extended with conveyor elements constituting a typical AMHS for continuous flow transport (CFT). As a result, improvements of the overall fab performance due to advanced transport scheduling methods are demonstrated and compared. Finally, the practicality of the suggested methods is discussed in the dynamic scheduling context of real fabs.
Deferiprone Reduces Amyloid-β and Tau Phosphorylation Levels but not Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Hippocampus of Rabbits Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet (2012)

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The causes of AD are not well known but a number of environmental and dietary factors are suggested to increase the risk of developing AD. Additionally, altered metabolism of iron may have a role in the pathogenesis of AD. We have previously demonstrated that cholesterol-enriched diet causes AD-like pathology with iron deposition in rabbit brain. However, the extent to which chelation of iron protects against this pathology has not been determined. In this study, we administered the iron chelator deferiprone in drinking water to rabbits fed with a 2% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. We found that deferiprone (both at 10 and 50 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 as well as BACE1, the enzyme that initiates cleavage of amyloid-β protein precursor to yield Aβ. Deferiprone also reduced the cholesterol diet-induced increase in phosphorylation of tau but failed to reduce reactive oxygen species generation. While deferiprone treatment was not associated with any change in brain iron levels, it was associated with a significant reduction in plasma iron and cholesterol levels. These results demonstrate that deferiprone confers important protection against hypercholesterolemia-induced AD pathology but the mechanism(s) may involve reduction in plasma iron and cholesterol levels rather than chelation of brain iron. We propose that adding an antioxidant therapy to deferiprone may be necessary to fully protect against cholesterol-enriched diet-induced AD-like pathology.
Tissue-resident memory CAR T cells with stem-like characteristics display enhanced efficacy against solid and liquid tumors (2023)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells demonstrate remarkable success in treating hematological malignancies, but their effectiveness in non-hematopoietic cancers remains limited. This study proposes enhancing CAR T cell function and localization in solid tumors by modifying the epigenome governing tissue-residency adaptation and early memory differentiation. We identify that a key factor in human tissue-resident memory CAR T cell (CAR-T<sub>RM</sub>) formation is activation in the presence of the pleotropic cytokine, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which enforces a core program of both "stemness" and sustained tissue residency by mediating chromatin remodeling and concurrent transcriptional changes. This approach leads to a practical and clinically actionable in vitro production method for engineering peripheral blood T cells into a large number of "stem-like" CAR-T<sub>RM</sub> cells resistant to tumor-associated dysfunction, possessing an enhanced ability to accumulate in situ and rapidly eliminate cancer cells for more effective immunotherapy.
Effects of light quality on somatic embryogenesis in <i>Araujia sericifera</i> (2001)

The effects of photoperiod, light quality and end-of-day (EOD) phytochrome photoconversion on somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Araujia sericifera petals have been studied. Petals from immature flowers were cultured under 8- and 16-h photoperiods using Gro-lux fluorescent lamps. The photon fluence rate was 90-100 µmol m-2 s-1 and the red (R):far-red (FR) ratio was 98. R, FR, R followed by FR (R-FR) and FR followed by R (FR-R) light treatments were applied for 3 weeks at the end of the photoperiods. In a set of experiments, DL-alpha-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA) or methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), both inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis, were added to the culture medium in order to study the involvement of polyamine metabolism. The level of SE was the same in long (LD) and short (SD) days. Thus, the light effect was accomplished after 8 h. All EOD treatments that decreased the Pfr level inhibited SE when applied after SD, but not after LD. The FR-R treatment after LD caused an additional stimulatory effect on SE, even in the presence of polyamine inhibitors. DFMA inhibited SE in both SD and LD, but MGBG did not modify SE in either SD or LD. The R, FR and R-FR treatments did not alter the level of SE when applied after LD in the presence of DFMA or MGBG. However, these treatments decreased SE after SD when the medium contained polyamine inhibitors. Our results suggest that Gro-lux lamps, which produce an extremely high R:FR ratio, promote SE in A. sericifera and a timing response to phytochrome photoconversion during photoperiodic induction. Thus, our data corroborate the involvement of phytochromes and polyamines in SE in A. sericifera, which responded as a light-dominant long-day plant.
Energy-autonomous Bi-directional Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) and energy harvesting circuit (2015)

This work demonstrates a novel 2.45-GHz bi-directional circuit that can operate as both a wireless power transmitter and energy harvester. The circuit is based on a class-F oscillator/rectifier and is energy-autonomous since it does not need an external bias supply for either power transmission or power reception. Bi-directionality is exploited in two steps: the system first operates in rectifying mode with harvested DC voltages for biasing the oscillator; followed by the transmitting mode where the harvested DC power is used to start up oscillations. Conversion efficiencies for both configurations are higher than 50% for output/input RF power in the 10dBm range. This component can be exploited as a “power relay node” for distributed battery-less energy autonomous microsystems.
Approximate entropy as a measure of morphologic variability for ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (2002)

Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia have very distinct characteristics including heart rate and morphologic differences. In addition, with ventricular fibrillation there are varying levels of organization of the signal. Despite obvious visual distinctions, no measure has been able to accurately quantify these differences or the level of variability. Approximate entropy is a nonlinear measure of complexity used in other physiologic applications. The purpose of this work was to evaluate this measure as a descriptor and/or classifier of ventricular tacharrhythmias for potential use in medical devices and for basic mechanistic research. From these results, approximate entropy was able to quantify the regularity of VT and VF, where VF had much higher entropy values due to its variability. However, no single threshold was able to completely separate VT and VF due to the patient variability.
9-1-1 DDoS: Attacks, Analysis and Mitigation (2017)

The 911 emergency service belongs to one of the 16 critical infrastructure sectors in the United States. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks launched from a mobile phone botnet pose a significant threat to the availability of this vital service. In this paper we show how attackers can exploit the cellular network protocols in order to launch an anonymized DDoS attack on 911. The current FCC regulations require that all emergency calls be immediately routed regardless of the caller's identifiers (e.g., IMSI and IMEI). A rootkit placed within the baseband firmware of a mobile phone can mask and randomize all cellular identifiers, causing the device to have no genuine identification within the cellular network. Such anonymized phones can issue repeated emergency calls that cannot be blocked by the network or the emergency call centers, technically or legally. We explore the 911 infrastructure and discuss why it is susceptible to this kind of attack. We then implement different forms of the attack and test our implementation on a small cellular network. Finally, we simulate and analyze anonymous attacks on a model of current 911 infrastructure in order to measure the severity of their impact. We found that with less than 6K bots (or $100K hardware), attackers can block emergency services in an entire state (e.g., North Carolina) for days. We believe that this paper will assist the respective organizations, lawmakers, and security professionals in understanding the scope of this issue in order to prevent possible 911-DDoS attacks in the future.
The Cytoskeleton of Parabasalian Parasites Comprises Proteins that Share Properties Common to Intermediate Filament Proteins (2016)

Certain protist lineages bear cytoskeletal structures that are germane to them and define their individual group. Trichomonadida are excavate parasites united by a unique cytoskeletal framework, which includes tubulin-based structures such as the pelta and axostyle, but also other filaments such as the striated costa whose protein composition remains unknown. We determined the proteome of the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum. 203 proteins with homology to Trichomonas vaginalis were identified, which contain significantly more long coiled-coil regions than control protein sets. Five candidates were shown to associate with previously described cytoskeletal structures including the costa and the expression of a single T. vaginalis protein in T. gallinarum induced the formation of accumulated, striated filaments. Our data suggests that filament-forming proteins of protists other than actin and tubulin share common structural properties with metazoan intermediate filament proteins, while not being homologous. These filament-forming proteins might have evolved many times independently in eukaryotes, or simultaneously in a common ancestor but with different evolutionary trajectories downstream in different phyla. The broad variety of filament-forming proteins uncovered, and with no homologs outside of the Trichomonadida, once more highlights the diverse nature of eukaryotic proteins with the ability to form unique cytoskeletal filaments.
Application Guideline to Define Catalyst Layout for Maximum Catalytic Efficiency (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The influence of physical parameters of the catalyst's substrate such as thermal mass, hydraulic diameter and geometric surface area on catalyst's efficiency is well known as published in numerous works. This paper will show interactions of these parameters and will provide a guideline on how to design the optimum system for a specific application, taking into account system's back pressure and system costs. Based on engine test bench results that show the influence of the physical parameters, the results for the optimized design regarding emission tests and maximum conversion rate at higher loads will be demonstrated.&lt;/div&gt;
Cationic Group 4 Metal Alkyl Compounds Containing <i>o</i>-Arylphenoxide Ligation (1998)

Treatment of the dibenzyl compounds [(ArO)2M(CH2Ph)2] (ArO = 2,6-diphenyl-3,5-dimethylphenoxide, M = Ti, Zr; ArO = 2,6-diphenylphenoxide, M = Ti) with [B(C6F5)3] gave the corresponding zwitterionic species [(ArO)2M+(CH2Ph)(η6-C6H5CH2B-(C6F5)3)]. Addition of [B(C6F5)3] to the titanium dimethyl compounds [(ArO)2TiMe2] gave unstable species which polymerize ethene and propene.
Implement a Model for Describing and Maximising Security Knowledge Sharing (2020)

Employees play a crucial role in improving information security in their enterprise, and this requires everyone having the requisite security knowledge. To maximise knowledge, organisations should facilitate and encourage Security Knowledge Sharing (SKS) between employees. This paper reports on the design and implementation of a mobile game to enhance the delivery of information security training to help employees to protect themselves against security attacks. The collaborative Transactive Memory System (TMS) theory was used to model organisational knowledge sharing. We then satisfy the self-determination needs of employees to maximise intrinsic motivation to share knowledge at the individual level, via an Educational Security Game. An empirical study evaluated the intervention, an application that facilitates and encourages Information Security Knowledge Sharing. The results are still in progress.
The evolution of an integrated timeline for oncology patient healthcare. (1998)

The introduction of computers in the medical environment has contributed to the proliferation of medical data, often making it difficult to consolidate information on a single patient. In patients with complex medical problems, such as oncology patients, the lack of data integration can negatively impact on patient care. This paper presents an infrastructure for the creation of an integrated multimedia timeline that automatically combines patient information from distributed hospital information sources, and creates a visual summary of pertinent events in a patient's medical history. In this prototype, we focus on oncology patients under treatment for advanced cancers.
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Virtual Machines and Intermediate Languages (2017)

Peer-reviewed
Glass structural studies for borosilicates of the KBSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>—RbBSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>system from X-ray diffraction data (2011)

. For technologically important borosilicate glass and crystalline phases, the structure of K1−xRbxBSi2O6 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) solid solutions has been investigated employing X-ray diffraction data. Glass samples were prepared by a melt quenching from 1250–1300 °C for 0.5–1 hour. For glass samples glass transition(Tg), crystallization (Tcryst) and melting (Tm) temperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. To investigate the glass structure, angle-dispersive X-ray diffractometry was applied by using an energy-resolving semiconductor detector. The radial distribution functions (RDFs) were calculated. Comparing correlation distances of glass RDFs and mean interatomic distances calculated for polycrystalline samples, the conclusion is drawn that in the glass state not only TO4 (T = Si, B) tetrahedra as stable structure-units but two corner sharing tetrahedra and apparently fourfold rings from tetrahedra exist.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to a Suprasellar Craniopharyngioma (2018)

We present the case of a 57-year-old male who presented with progressive right side vision loss whose workup revealed a large suprasellar lesion with invasion of the third ventricle. The pituitary stalk was not visible. Hormonal panel showed no hormonal deficits. The initial diagnosis was of a type II transinfundibular craniopharyngioma (as classified by Kassam et al). An endoscopic endonasal transplanum transtuberculum approach was done using a standard binostril four-hand technique, with the patient positioned supine with the head turned to the right side and tilted to the left, fixed in a three-pin head clamp, under imaging guidance. The tumor was carefully dissected away from the optic apparatus while preserving the vessels, mainly the superior hypophyseal artery. The stalk was identified around the tumor and preserved. The third ventricle was entered and inspected at the end of the procedure and a near-total resection (a small residual in the right hypothalamus) with decompression of the optic apparatus was achieved. Reconstruction was done in a multilayered fashion, using collagen matrix and a nasoseptal flap. Patient had an uneventful postoperative stay and was discharged on POD 4, neurologically stable with no hormonal deficits. Pathology confirmed an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Due to a small growth of the residual, patient underwent fractionated stereotactic radiation (50.4Gy in 28 sessions). He presented with panhypopituitarism 2 years after radiation therapy. At 3-month follow-up, his vision was back to normal and 6-year postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed no signs of recurrence. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/chG7XIz7a_A .
Recent Patents in Pulmonary Delivery of Macromolecules (2015)

Pulmonary delivery is a non-invasive form of delivery that holds tremendous therapeutic promise for topical and systemic administration of several macromolecules. Oral administration of macromolecules has several limitations such as low bioavailability, degradation of drug before reaching circulation and insufficient absorption across intestinal membrane. Administration of macromolecules such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids via inhalation offers great potential due to the avoidance of first pass metabolism, higher surface area and rapid clinical response. However, delivery of reproducible, uniform and safe doses of inhaled particles remains a major challenge for clinical translation. Recent advances in the fields of biotechnology and particle engineering led to progress in novel pulmonary drug delivery systems. Moreover, significant developments in carriers and delivery devices prevent denaturation of macromolecules and control their release within the lungs. This article reviews the advances in pulmonary drug delivery systems by focusing on the recent patents in delivery of macromolecules. Furthermore, recent patents in gene delivery to the lungs have also been discussed. List of patents included in this review is comprehensive in terms of pulmonary delivery of therapeutics. It includes inventions related to proteins and peptides, DNA therapeutics, siRNA and other genetic materials with therapeutic applications. The diseases targeted by these therapeutic molecules are varied including but not limited to different forms of cancer, respiratory diseases etc.
ERCP PERFORMANCE IN A TERTIARY BRAZILIAN CENTER: FOCUS ON NEW RISK FACTORS, COMPLICATIONS AND QUALITY INDICATORS (2018)

Six risk factors for post-ERCP complications were identified. ERCP duration and cannulation time are suggested as new potential quality indicators.
An update of clinical experience with the quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY-CRM conjugate vaccine (2018)

This decade has seen an increased number of countries reporting serogroup W ST-11 clonal complex outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease. As infant vaccination programs targeting the meningococcus are reevaluated, the role of quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines including MenACWY-CRM will be expanded. MenACWY-CRM was immunogenic in all populations and age groups studied, regardless of country of origin. MenACWY-CRM can be coadministered with many routinely used infant, toddler and adolescent vaccines, and traveler vaccines in adults, allowing for flexible use within national immunization programs and recommendations. Antibody persistence has been demonstrated up to 5 years post vaccination in all age groups. Booster doses induced robust increases in antibody titers for all four serogroups, indicative of effective priming and induction of immunological memory. The acceptable safety profile of MenACWY-CRM has been confirmed in large post-marketing safety studies.
Evaluation of physical health status beyond daily step count using a wearable activity sensor (2022)

Physical health status defines an individual's ability to perform normal activities of daily living and is usually assessed in clinical settings by questionnaires and/or by validated tests, e.g. timed walk tests. These measurements have relatively low information content and are usually limited in frequency. Wearable sensors, such as activity monitors, enable remote measurement of parameters associated with physical activity but have not been widely explored beyond measurement of daily step count. Here we report on results from a cohort of 22 individuals with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) who were provided with a Fitbit activity monitor (Fitbit Charge HR<sup>®</sup>) between two clinic visits (18.4 ± 12.2 weeks). At each clinical visit, a maximum of 26 measurements were recorded (19 categorical and 7 continuous). From analysis of the minute-to-minute step rate and heart rate we derive several metrics associated with physical activity and cardiovascular function. These metrics are used to identify subgroups within the cohort and to compare to clinical parameters. Several Fitbit metrics are strongly correlated to continuous clinical parameters. Using a thresholding approach, we show that many Fitbit metrics result in statistically significant differences in clinical parameters between subgroups, including those associated with physical status, cardiovascular function, pulmonary function, as well as biomarkers from blood tests. These results highlight the fact that daily step count is only one of many metrics that can be derived from activity monitors.