gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloaking at Optical Frequencies (2009)

1 The ability of rendering objects invisible using a cloak – not detectable by an external observer – for concealing objects has been a tantalizing goal 1-6. Here, we demonstrate a cloak operating in the optical regime. The cloak operates at a wide bandwidth and conceals a deformation on a flat reflecting surface, under which an object can be hidden. The device is composed of nanometer size silicon structures with spatially varying densities across the cloak. The density variation is defined using transformation optics to define the effective index distribution of the cloak. The prospect of optical cloaking has recently become a topic of considerable interest. Through the use of transformation optics 7-11, in which a coordinate transformation is applied to Maxwell’s equations, several designs for such a device were created 12-23. These designs are based on the idea of manipulating the structure of the cloaking medium so that the trajectory of light after interacting with the cloak is the same as that in an empty medium, without the cloak nor the object underneath. The external observer is therefore unaware of the presence of the cloak and the object. Such cloaks were recently experimentally demonstrated in the microwave regime using metamaterial structures with feature sizes in the millimeter to centimeter scale 24-25. Pushing this
Captopril compared with other antirenin system agents in hypertensive patients: its triphasic effects on blood pressure and its use to identify and treat the renin factor. (1980)

Four different pharmacologlc probes (propranolol, saralasin, teprotide, and captopril) hare exposed and characterized the active participation of the renin system in sustaining the derated blood pressure (BP) of most essential hypertension (I.e., the high and "normal" renin forms).Research indicates that renin measurements can be used to predict the effects of these drags on BP, since control plasma renin actirity levels correlate closely with reductions in pressure.Therefore, the renin assay provides a reliable estimate of angiotensin-mediated rasoconstriction, the normalcy of which is gauged by relating it to the urinary sodium excretion, an index of intake and balance.The effects of continued oral administration of captopril closely resemble those previously described with the Intravenously administered nonapeptide-converting enzyme inhibitor, teprotide.Correlations between the induced antibypertensive effect and control plasma renin levels for 89 and 100 different patients receiving either teprotide or captopril alone were 0.82 and 0.89 respectively.The fact that captopril, like the other three antirenln-system drugs, was inactive in low renin states, including in primary aldosteronism and anephric patients, verifies the view that its main antibypertensive action is mediated via renin system blockade.The BP response of untreated patients 90 minutes after an oral dose of captopril can be predictive of its long-term effectiveness.Of practical relevance is a transient rebound of BP observed in the first few days of continuous therapy, with pressures sometimes returning near control levels.This rebound usually subsides by 7 days.Captopril produces continued suppression of the renin system as evidenced by reduced plasma aldosterone levels.But the system retains a capacity to override drag blockade in response to physiologic stimuli.The great potency with specificity of captopril is expressed by its correction of hypertension with few side effects.The cumulative experience with this and earlier pharmacologic probes has opened the door to new approaches in diagnosis and therapy based on analysis of renin system behavior.It also points the way to new research to determine why the renin system so often participates in essential hypertension and to define other pressor factors that might operate when renin and sodium factors are absent or blocked.(Hypertension 2: 586-593, 1980) KEY WORDS • captopril • renin angjotensin • vasoconstriction • teprotide • antirenin drag • aldosterone • beta blockade • hypertension • converting enzyme inhibitor " ASdl^prSlthS^S, K ; S l i a r and construction, low renin hypertensive patients are the Hypertension Center, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, O n 'y ones to behave physiologically by suppressing 525 East 68th Street,
Abnormal polyamine metabolism is unique to the neuropathic forms of MPS: potential for biomarker development and insight into pathogenesis (2017)

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic disorders marked by severe somatic and neurological symptoms. Development of treatments for the neurological manifestations of MPS has been hindered by the lack of objective measures of central nervous system disease burden. Identification of biomarkers for central nervous system disease in MPS patients would facilitate the evaluation of new agents in clinical trials. High throughput metabolite screening of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a canine model of MPS I revealed a marked elevation of the polyamine, spermine, in affected animals, and gene therapy studies demonstrated that reduction of CSF spermine reflects correction of brain lesions in these animals. In humans, CSF spermine was elevated in neuropathic subtypes of MPS (MPS I, II, IIIA, IIIB), but not in subtypes in which cognitive function is preserved (MPS IVA, VI). In MPS I patients, elevated CSF spermine was restricted to patients with genotypes associated with CNS disease and was reduced following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is the only therapy currently capable of improving cognitive outcomes. Additional studies in cultured neurons from MPS I mice showed that elevated spermine was essential for the abnormal neurite overgrowth exhibited by MPS neurons. These findings offer new insights into the pathogenesis of CNS disease in MPS patients, and support the use of spermine as a new biomarker to facilitate the development of next generation therapeutics for MPS.
Coupling Between Microstrip Lines and Finite Ground Coplanar Lines Embedded in Polyimide Layers for 3D-MMICs on Silicon (2002)

Three-dimensional circuits built upon multiple layers of polyimide are required for constructing Si/SiGe monolithic microwave/mm-wave integrated circuits on CMOS (low resistivity) Si wafers. It is expected that these circuits will replace the ones fabricated on GaAs and reduce the overall system cost. However, the closely spaced transmission lines that are required for a high-density circuit environment are susceptible to high levels of cross-coupling, which degrades the overall circuit performance. In this paper, theoretical and experimental results on coupling and ways to reduce it are presented for two types of transmission lines: a) the microstrip line and b) the Finite Ground Coplanar (FGC) line. For microstrip lines it is shown that a fence of metalized via-holes can significantly reduce coupling, especially in the case when both lines are on the same polyimide layer or when the shielding structure extends through several polyimide layers. For closely spaced microstrip lines, coupling is lower for a metal filled trench shield than a via-hole fence. Coupling amongst microstrip lines is dependent on the ratio of line separation to polyimide thickness and is primarily due to magnetic fields. For FGC lines it is shown that they have in general low coupling that can be reduced significantly when there is even a small gap between the ground planes of each line. FGC lines have approximately 8 dB lower coupling than coupled coplanar waveguides (CPW). In addition, forward and backward characteristics of the FGC lines do not resemble those of other transmission lines such as microstrip. Therefore, the coupling mechanism of the FGC lines is different compared to thin film microstrip lines.
A computer algebra user interface manifesto (2014)

Many computer algebra systems have more than 1000 built-in functions, making expertise difficult. Using mock dialog boxes, this article describes a proposed interactive general-purpose wizard for organizing optional transformations and allowing easy fine grain control over the form of the result -- even by amateurs. This wizard integrates ideas including: flexible subexpression selection; complete control over the ordering of variables and commutative operands, with wellchosen defaults; interleaving the choice of successively less main variables with applicable function choices to provide detailed control without incurring a combinatorial number of applicable alternatives at any one level; quick applicability tests to reduce the listing of inapplicable transformations; using an organizing principle to order the alternatives in a helpful manner; labeling quickly-computed alternatives in dialog boxes with a preview of their results, using ellipsis elisions if necessary or helpful; allowing the user to retreat from a sequence of choices to explore other branches of the tree of alternatives -- or to return quickly to branches already visited; allowing the user to accumulate more than one of the alternative forms; integrating direct manipulation into the wizard; and supporting not only the usual input-result pair mode, but also the useful alternative derivational and in situ replacement modes in a unified window.
Security and Mobility Aspects of Femtocell Networks (2013)

This chapter discusses security and mobility aspects of femtocell networks, given protocol level descriptions in the subsections. The connectivity between FAP and core network has a high risk of being compromised. The chapter discusses how Host Identity Protocol (HIP) can be adapted in femtocell technology to improve security and mobility issues. This chapter presents several enhancements to the femtocell technology such as strong authentication, service registration, identity verification, and node multihoming. In addition, Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) is used to provide confidentiality, data origin authentication, connectionless integrity, anti-replay service, and limited traffic flow confidentiality. Furthermore, enhanced mobility support by means of locator/identity separation and node multihoming is discussed in the scope of 3GPP femtocells.
Selecting multiway splits in decision trees (1996)

Abstract: Decision trees in which numeric attributes are split several ways are more comprehensible than the usual binary trees because attributes rarely appear more than once in any path from root to leaf. There are efficient algorithms for finding the optimal multiway split for a numeric attribute, given the number of intervals in which it is to be divided. The problem we tackle is how to choose this number in order to obtain small, accurate trees. We view each multiway decision as a model and a decision tree as a recursive structure of such models. Standard methods of choosing between competing models include resampling techniques (such as cross-validation, holdout, or bootstrap) for estimating the classification error; and minimum description length techniques. However, the recursive situation differs from the usual one, and may call for new model selection methods. This paper introduces a new criterion for model selection: a resampling estimate of the information gain. Empirical results are presented for building multiway decision trees using this new criterion, and compared with criteria adopted by previous authors. The new method generates multiway trees that are both smaller and more accurate than those produced previously, and their performance is comparable with standard binary decision trees.
A new phenolic glycoside from <i>Cnidium monnieri</i> fruits (2013)

A new phenolic glycoside, methylpicraquassioside B (6), together with nine known glycosides, cnidioside A (1), cnidioside B (2), picraquassioside A (3), methylpicraquassioside A (4), picraquassioside B (5), xanthotoxol-8-β-glucoside (7), 5-methoxy-xanthotoxol-8-β-glucoside (8), 8-methoxy-xanthotoxol-5-β-glucoside (9) and marmesinin (10) were isolated from n-BuOH-soluble fraction of Cnidium monnieri fruits. All the isolated compounds, however, exerted little immunomodulatory effect in RAW 264.7 cells.
Adapted task configuration of a deltapod (2009)

ABB is planning to offer variations of a deltapod robot, which is often used as part for automotive fixturing. Due to the different application requirements of each customer, there exists no one optimal parameter set for this kind of structure. With such a large number of possible solutions, it is necessary to support the engineers in the selection of suitable parameter values. The objective of the configuration concept is to develop a software tool which finds a parameter configuration depending on the specific customer application in a minimum of time.
Sustained Steroid-Free Clinical Remission in Patients with Moderate to Severe Crohnʼs Disease Treated with Adalimumab (2006)

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of adalimumab (ADA) in the long-term maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) without continued corticosteroid use in CHARM, the largest and longest study of adalimumab for the treatment of moderate to severe CD to date. Methods: In CHARM, a Phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ADA in patients with CD, patients with active CD (CDAI 220–450) received open-label induction with ADA 80 mg at Wk 0 (BL) and 40 mg at Wk 2. At Wk 4, all patients were randomized to receive placebo (PBO) or ADA 40 mg, every other week (EOW) or weekly (W), through Week 56. Randomized responders were classified as those with clinical response, a CDAI decrease ≥70 from BL (CR70). At the discretion of the investigators, patients in clinical remission (CDAI<150) were permitted to have their steroid dosages tapered beginning at Wk 8. The proportion of patients in clinical remission at Wks 26 and 56 who had been off steroid therapy for ≥90 days were calculated for each treatment arm. Results: Patient BL characteristics were similar across arms: mean CDAI, 313; corticosteroid use, 44%. Of 854 patients receiving induction therapy, 778 patients were randomized at Wk 4. Of these, 499 (58%) had achieved CR70 (randomized responders). Substantial percentages of randomized responders who were in clinical remission at Wks 26 and 56 had been able to discontinue steroids for ≥90 days (table).Table: Randomized Responders with Steroid-Free Remission for >90 Days.Conclusions: Adalimumab therapy allowed a significant percentage of patients with moderate to severe CD to maintain steroid-free remission at both Wk 26 and Wk 56.
Effect of Hypochlorite- and Peroxide-Induced Oxidation of Fibrinogen on the Fibrin Structure (2021)

Using the methods of dynamic and elastic light scattering and confocal laser scanning microscopy, the damage in the spatial fibrin structure during peroxide- and hypochlorite-induced oxidation of fibrinogen was studied. Peroxide had a weak effect on the structural organization of fibrin, whereas hypochlorite caused the formation of abnormal fibrin with reduced individual fiber diameter and decreased porosity. Measurements of the size distributions of the native and oxidized fibrinogen revealed a decrease in the hydrodynamic size of the oxidized fibrinogen molecule with an increase in the concentration of oxidizers. These results indicate that the hydrophobicity of fibrinogen surface increased and its colloidal stability decreased. The possible role of oxidative sites in the assembly of structurally abnormal fibrin is analyzed.
Insomnia and Sleep Duration as Mediators of the Relationship Between Depression and Hypertension Incidence (2009)

These results suggest the hypothesis that treatment of sleep problems in middle-aged individuals suffering from depression could reduce their risk for developing hypertension, and its vascular and cardiac complications.
"Virtual Triple Schmidt": wide field two-stage optics (1989)

The design concept of an unobscured-wide-field two-stage optical system based on a virtual triple Schmidt (VTS) configuration is presented. It is pointed out that the single large aperture and field-partitioning capability of two-stage systems can lower material and fabrication costs, making the VTS optics suitable for ground-based and space telescopes. The VTS design combines a Schmidt-camera first stage and a second stage comprising two back-to-back Schmidt systems as a 1:1 relay. Aspheric Schmidt correction is achieved at the relayed pupil location for all three systems. The effects of the separation between the error-producing surface and the aperture stop are discussed; the performance of the wavefront-correction system is analyzed; and extensive diagrams, drawings, and graphs of projected performance data are provided.
Abstract 1015: mTOR inhibitor induces non-apoptotic, autophagy dependent cell death (ADCD) in TP53 mutant HNSCC (2021)

Abstract TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with HPV-negative TP53 mutant HNSCC have the worst prognosis. A phase II multi-institutional clinical trial, determined that, adjuvant therapy with an mTOR inhibitor significantly increased 2-year progression free survival (PFS) in patients with p53 mutant tumors. Previous studies have shown that mutant p53 causes sustained activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cancer. We investigated the mechanism by which the mTOR inhibitor CCI-779 inhibits cell growth of TP53 mutant HNSCC in vitro. HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines harboring TP53 mutations at different positions were treated with CCI-779.CCI-779 significantly reduced cell viability and colony forming ability of all the cell lines tested. CCI-779 did not induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in these cells. However, the reduction in cell viability was associated with increase in autophagy as demonstrated by increased levels of LC3-II. The autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) and ULK-101 restored the cell viability by inhibiting CCI-779 induced autophagy. Therefore, we postulate that CCI-779 induces nonapototic autophagy dependent cell death (ADCD) in HPV-negative TP53 mutant HNSCC cell lines. CCI-779 induced autophagy is accompanied by increased level of ULK1 and Beclin1 as well as increased phosphorylation of ULK1 at Serine 555. However, ULK101 (ULK1 inhibitor) and 3-MA (PI3K inhibitor) when combined with CCI-779 reduced the level of both total and phosphorylated levels of ULK1, which resulted in inhibition of autophagy and improved cell viability. However, combination of CCI-779 and bafilomycin A1 treatment showed increased level of LC3-II, ULK1 and phospho-ULK1 (S555) with concomitant decrease in cell viability. Our data suggests that rapalog induces ADCD by facilitating autophagy initiation through the stabilization and activation of ULK1. Moreover our data demonstrated that CCI-779 mediated activation of ULK1 is associated with down regulation of mTORC1 but not mTORC2 signaling. This is a novel mechanism of how rapalogues induce ADCD through the stabilization/activation of ULK1 in HPV-negative TP53 mutant HNSCC cells. Together these data highlight the importance of how mTORi can be used to accelerate tumor cell death in HPV-negative TP53 mutant HNSCC. Citation Format: Md Maksudul Alam, Janmaris Marin Fermin, Patrick T. Spiller, Channing Dorr, Xiaohua Rong, Tara-Moore Medlin, Alok R. Khandelwal, Cherie-Ann Nathan. mTOR inhibitor induces non-apoptotic, autophagy dependent cell death (ADCD) in TP53 mutant HNSCC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1015.
ULTRA-SHORT PERIOD BINARIES FROM THE CATALINA SURVEYS (2014)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
The Coagulation System in Sepsis (2005)

Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of the coagulation system should no longer be considered as distinct entities, but rather as an integrated system providing optimal thrombin generation via the TF/factor VII complex. The role of factor XII and other contact system proteins in coagulation is less clear, and presumably is more important for fibrinolysis and inflammation. There is no doubt that activation of coagulation, predominantly, if not exclusively, via the TF/factor VII pathway, occurs in animal and human models for sepsis. In the more severe sepsis animal models, this activation is associated with full-blown DIC. In these latter models inhibitors of TF/FVIIa improve mortality, even when given after the challenge. Surprisingly, all the evidence so far does not support that the beneficial effects of these inhibitors are due to their effects on clotting, but rather seem to be related to their effects on the inflammatory cascade. Identification of the molecular pathways of these anti-inflammatory effects is of critical importance since they seem to be key processes in the events leading to mortality in sepsis. The interpretation of prolonged clotting times and decreased platelet numbers in patients with sepsis needs further study regarding their clinical implications since they may result from other processes than activation of coagulation. The implications of moderately increased generation of thrombin in the absence of significant fibrinogen consumption, as occurs in the majority of septic patients, also needs a critical evaluation since such a generation actually may be beneficial by activating protein C. Intervention studies with clotting inhibitors in patients should reveal the importance and the biological consequences of activation of the coagulation system in the pathogenesis of human sepsis.
Investigating flicker noise effect on randomness of CMOS ring oscillator based true random number generators (2014)

The effect of flicker noise on randomness is one of the most controversial topics in random number generation. Flicker noise is random in nature; however, its power spectral density (PSD) exhibits a colored distribution, which indicates correlation between adjacent samples. The use of flicker noise for random number generation is risky (unlike white noise) due to its colored nature. Sampling is inevitable in random number generation and its effects should be taken into consideration. In addition, flicker noise gets folded during the sampling process, which leads to changes in its spectral properties. In this paper, the effects of flicker noise are investigated in order to address its usefulness for random number generation. The results show that flicker noise has positive effect on increasing the entropy in CMOS Ring Oscillator (RO) based Random Number Generators (RNGs).
Automatic positioning of a surgical microscope (2009)

Abstract: A procedure for interactive navigation of a fully motorized surgical micro-scope is presented. This procedure uses preoperative MRT- or CT-images to generate a 3D-model of the patient which then acts as the basis for navigation during surgery. The relation between tracking system, microscope and 3D-model is established using a simple calibration method based on the Horn [Ho87] algorithm. It enables positioning the microscope by defining target points either directly on the patient using an optical marker or on his 3D-model. After reaching the target position the microscope focuses automatically by calcu-lating the focus score of the current field of view as function of the working distance. Thus, not only the surgeon will be discharged from positioning the microscope but he can also continue his work almost immediately. Manual interaction becomes unneces-sary. 1