gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
‘Flooding’ of the lungs and severe dyspnea in a patient with bronchoalveolar carcinoma (2010)

In this case report, we describe a patient with bronchoalveolar carcinoma that experienced severe bronchorrhea and dyspnea after inhalation of N-acetylcysteine. The adverse reactions occurred both after oral and nebulized administration of N-acetylcysteine, resulting in severe dyspnea and the feeling of 'drowning'. Bronchorrhea has previously been reported as an uncommon but serious complication of bronchoalveolar carcinoma. We strongly suspect the administration of N-acetylcysteine to be implicated, as the complications occurred immediately after administration of this drug. As the patient suffered from hyperhomocysteinemia, we speculate that an additive or synergistic interaction with homocysteine may have been involved as well.
Surgical treatment of acute TB spondylitis: indications and outcomes (2012)

Improvement in quality of life is also accompanied by higher patient expectations. Though developing nations may lack the resources now, eventually patients will demand better functional and cosmetic results after being afflicted by this disfiguring and potentially disabling disease, and the "Hong Kong operation" represented the best outcome, provided resources were available.
&lt;title&gt;SPEEDES benchmarking analysis&lt;/title&gt; (2002)

SPEEDES, the Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete Event Simulation, is a software framework that supports simulation applications across parallel and distributed architectures. SPEEDES is used as a simulation engine in support of numerous defense projects including the Joint Simulation System (JSIMS), the Joint Modeling And Simulation System (JMASS), the High Performance Computing and Modernization Program's (HPCMP) development of a High Performance Computing (HPC) Run-time Infrastructure, and the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office's (DMSO) development of a Human Behavioral Representation (HBR) Testbed. This work documents some of the performance metrics obtained from benchmarking the SPEEDES Simulation Framework with respect to the functionality found in the summer of 2001. Specifically this papers the scalability of SPEEDES with respect to its time management algorithms and simulation object event queues with respect to the number of objects simulated and events processed.
Activity Regulation of Photoreactive Nitrile Hydratase by Nitric Oxide (1997)

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus sp. N-771 is a novel enzyme that possesses a non-heme iron(III) center binding endogenous nitric oxide (NO). It is inactivated by aerobic incubation of cells in the dark, whereas the inactive form is converted to the active one by light irradiation. To clarify the mechanism of activity regulation in the NHase, we investigated the role of NO. When the inactive NHase was irradiated in the presence of Fe(II) ions and a spin trap, N-methyl-d-glucamine dithiocarbamate (MGD), three hyperfine lines from the nitrogen atom of the [(MGD)2-FeII-NO] complex were resolved, indicating that NO was released from the enzyme upon photoactivation. The amount of NO release was obtained as 0.99 ± 0.12 per enzyme (n = 4) by using an NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide. The active NHase was completely inactivated by exogenous NO, and upon photoirradiation 86% of the original activity was restored. FTIR, ESR, and UV−VIS absorption measurements confirmed the view that association of NO restores the original inactive form of the enzyme. The rate constant for nitrosylation of the enzyme activated by a laser pulse asymptotically increased with an increase in NO concentration. A kinetic analysis of the NHase nitrosylation demonstrated that inactivation of the enzyme by NO binding proceeded via an intermediate. The rate constant for inactivation and the quantum yield of photoactivation were determined as 14 s-1 and 0.48, respectively. It is thus concluded that the activity of the NHase is regulated by nitrosylation and photoinduced denitrosylation of the non-heme iron center. This finding provides a new aspect regarding biological function of NO, i.e., regulation of the enzymatic activity with the aid of light.
Bioprinting for bone tissue engineering (2021)

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an interdisciplinary field that aims to create three-dimensional living scaffolds to substitute or study bone tissue. In the last decades, bioprinting techniques have almost replaced conventional techniques (e.g. freeze drying and gas foaming) in the fabrication of BTE scaffolds, due to their intrinsic capability to finely control architecture, and embed cells and bioactive molecules. In this work, we analyzed bioprinting technologies used in BTE, reporting the most significant literature case studies, and focusing also on in-vitro bone models. Finally, we introduced new and innovative trends, including in-situ bioprinting and four-dimensional printing, towards which bioprinting research is moving.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce Plant Immune Responses (2016)

Gram-negative bacteria continuously pinch off portions of their outer membrane, releasing membrane vesicles. These outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are involved in multiple processes including cell-to-cell communication, biofilm formation, stress tolerance, horizontal gene transfer, and virulence. OMVs are also known modulators of the mammalian immune response. Despite the well-documented role of OMVs in mammalian-bacterial communication, their interaction with plants is not well studied. To examine whether OMVs of plant pathogens modulate the plant immune response, we purified OMVs from four different plant pathogens and used them to treat Arabidopsis thaliana. OMVs rapidly induced a reactive oxygen species burst, medium alkalinization, and defense gene expression in A. thaliana leaf discs, cell cultures, and seedlings, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that EF-Tu is present in OMVs and that it serves as an elicitor of the plant immune response in this form. Our results further show that the immune coreceptors BAK1 and SOBIR1 mediate OMV perception and response. Taken together, our results demonstrate that plants can detect and respond to OMV-associated molecules by activation of their immune system, revealing a new facet of plant-bacterial interactions.
Fibre nonlinearities in electronically pre-distorted transmission (2005)

A study on the impact of fibre nonlinearities in electronically pre-distorted wavelength-division-multiplexed transmission systems is presented. Large performance variations are observed due to the strong dependence of cross-phase modulation on pre-distorted neighbouring channel waveform variations. (2 pages)
Newand Rapid Functional Assay for Cl Inhibitor in Human Plasma (2005)

c i’ inhibitor (Ci-INH) and a2-macroglobulin (a2M) account for over 90% of the inactivation of purified plasma kallikrein by normal human plasma. The rate of kallikrein inactivation is also dependent on the presence of high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). which forms a reversible complex with kallikrein protecting the active site of the enzyme against inhibitors. By selectively mactivating a2M with methylamine. and eliminating the protective effect of HMWK by dilution. the inactivation of kallikrein by plasma became almost exclusively dependent on Cl -INH. Functional Ci inhibitor was assessed by measuring the pseudo-first-order rate constant for the inactivation of
Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclopentadienyl Titanium(Aryloxide)Sulfide Complexes (2001)

The role of sterically demanding aryloxide ligands in efforts to prepare terminal-sulfide derivatives of compounds of the form (η5-C5H5)‘Ti(OR)Cl2 are investigated. The LiCl adducts of the terminal-sulfide complexes (η5-C5Me5)Ti(OR)(S)·LiCl·(2,2‘-bipy) 8 and 9 are isolated. The compound (η5-C5Me5)Ti(OR)(S)(THF) 10 proved to be illusive as a result of its propensity for dimerization.
Expression cloning of <i>LDLB</i> , a gene essential for normal Golgi function and assembly of the ldlCp complex (1999)

The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants ldlC and ldlB, which exhibit almost identical phenotypes, define two genes required for multiple steps in the normal medial and trans Golgi-associated processing of glycoconjugates. The LDLC gene encodes ldlCp, an approximately 80-kDa protein, which in wild-type, but not ldlB, cells associates reversibly with the cytoplasmic surface of the Golgi apparatus. Here, we have used a retrovirus-based expression cloning system to clone a murine cDNA, LDLB, that corrects the pleiotropic mutant phenotypes of ldlB cells. The corresponding mRNA was not detected in ldlB mutants. LDLB encodes an approximately 110-kDa protein, ldlBp, which lacks homology to known proteins and contains no common structural motifs. Database searches identified short segments of homology to sequences from Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Caenorhabditis elegans, and the essentially full-length homologous human sequence (82% identity); however, as was the case for ldlCp, no homologue was identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have found that in wild-type cell cytosols, ldlCp is a component of an approximately 950-kDa "ldlCp complex," which is smaller, approximately 700 kDa, in ldlB cytosols. Normal assembly of this complex is ldlBp-dependent and may be required for Golgi association of ldlCp and for the normal activities of multiple luminal Golgi processes.
Modelling Intonational Variation in Swedish: Two reports from the SIMULEKT project (2009)

Our object of study in the research project SIMULEKT (Simulating Intonational Varieties of Swedish) (Bruce et al., 2007) is the prosodic variation characteristic of different regions of the Swedish-speaking area, shown in Figure 1. The seven regions correspond to our present dialect classification scheme. In our work, the Swedish prosody model (Bruce & Garding, 1978; Bruce & Granstrom, 1993; Bruce, 2007) and various forms of speech synthesis play prominent roles. Our main sources for analysis are the two Swedish speech databases SpeechDat (Elenius, 1999) and SweDia 2000 (Engstrand et al., 1997). SpeechDat contains telephone-transmitted speech from 5000 speakers, registered by age, gender, current location and self-labelled dialect type, according to Elert’s (1994) suggested Swedish dialect groups, which is a more fine-grained classification with 18 regions in Sweden. The dialect project SweDia 2000 collected a word list, an elicited prosody material, and extensive spontaneous monologues from 12 speakers (younger and elderly men and women) each from more than 100 different places in Sweden and Swedish-speaking parts of Finland.
Is the Bis(-oxo)dicopper Core Capable of Hydroxylating an Arene? (1999)

Direct attack of the bis(μ-oxo)dicopper core on an arene appears feasible in tyrosinase and model complexes on the basis of studies of new [Cu(III) 2 (μ-O)2 ](2+) compounds supported by bidentate imine/amine ligands. In the first demonstration of such reactivity for a bis(μ-oxo)dicopper core, decomposition of these intermediates caused hydroxylation of a pendant phenyl ring [Eq. (a)] in a reaction analogous to that catalyzed by tyrosinase.
Controlled Early Inflammation and Bone Healing—Potential New Treatments (2014)

In dental school, we were taught the scientific principle “inflammation is necessary for healing”. This principle needs to be updated due to the further characterization of the role inflammation plays in the healing process.Early bone healing occurs via specific cellular signaling events: (i) proinflammatory, (ii) anti-inflammatory, (iii) proangiogenic, and (iv) osteogenic.1 Research has increased our understanding of the connection between the immune system and bone healing.2–6 The significance of controlling the immediate inflammatory response for successful bone formation has been confirmed.7 When an osteotomy is performed, multiple proinflammatory cytokines (1st signaling event) are stimulated, such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Einhorn et al.8,9 identified this early inflammatory cytokine expression profile in 2002 and 2003; however, the down-regulation or modulation of cytokine expression was not considered until more recently. Controlling cytokine expression (inflammation) can help create the ideal environment for healing and bone formation. If the cytokine expression is not in a proper balance, compromised bone healing is observed.1; for example, excessive concentrations and time-exposure of TNF-α can lead to delayed bone formation.10 Franchimont et al.11 controlled the level of TNF-α by increasing the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (2nd signaling event), thus creating a positive environmental impact at the surgical site. IL-6 has been shown to have a bi-phasic pro- or anti-inflammatory concentration-dependent effect on bone healing.12,13Other events necessary for healing include the migration to, and accumulation of, stem and osteo-progenitor cells at the surgical site. The accumulation and activation of these osteogenic cells (4th signaling event) are dependent upon angiogenesis (3rd signaling event). Proinflammatory cytokines in the surgical site can inhibit stem cell differentiation and therefore bone formation.7 Controlling inflammation is thought to have a positive effect on all signaling events.Modulating the immune response during early bone formation may provide a favorable environment for improved predictability of bone grafting procedures. Schmidt-Bleek et al.1 concluded: “The modulation of the immune response is a promising approach to improve bone regeneration.” This greater understanding of the interconnection between the immune system and bone healing may well play a significant role in the future of implant dentistry. As clinicians, our responsibility is to provide efficient and predictable treatments with minimal discomfort; modulating the inflammatory response may be instrumental in meeting these treatment goals.Strategies to control the immune response will undoubtedly be forthcoming and play an important role in our clinical practices.
High-Output-Power Densities from MBE-grown n- and p-Type PbTeSe-based Thermoelectrics via Improved Contact Metallization (2011)

Abstract : Electrical power densities of up to 33 W/sq cm and up to 12 W/sq cm were obtained for n-type and p-type PbTeSe-based stand-alone thermoelectric devices, respectively, at modest temperature gradients of 200 deg C (Tcold=25 deg C). These large power densities were enabled by greatly improving electrical contact resistivities in the thermoelectric devices. Robust electrical contacts with contact resistivities as low as 3.9x10(exp 6) ohm-sq cm and 4.0x10(exp 6) ohm-sq cm for n- and p-type telluride-based-materials, respectively, were developed by investigating several metallization schemes and contact layer doping/alloy combinations, in conjunction with a novel contact application process. This process exposes heated semiconductor surfaces to an atomic hydrogen flux under high vacuum for surface cleaning (oxide and carbon removal), followed immediately by an in-situ electron-beam evaporation of the metal layers.
Metric-Based Scatternet Formation and Recovery Optimization for Intel Mote (2006)

The Intel Mote is a new sensor node platform with improved radio bandwidth and reliability due to the usage of Bluetooth radio. The connection-oriented nature of Bluetooth raises the issues of effective multi-hop network (scatternet) formation and maintenance that network and routing layer must address on top of the TinyOS abstractions. The hop distance and wireless link quality pose major challenges to multi-hop network performance, especially the connection-oriented networks such as Bluetooth scatternet. In this paper, we present a metric-based scatternet formation algorithm for the Intel Mote, which can optimize the Bluetooth network formation from the hop distance and link quality perspectives. In addition, a smart repair mechanism is proposed to deal with link/node failure and recover the network connectivity promptly with low overhead. The experiments with the Intel Mote platform demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimizations, which make the platform more powerful
CUI Networks: A Graphical Representation for Conditional Utility Independence (2008)

We introduce CUI networks, a compact graphical representation of utility functions over multiple attributes. CUI networks model multiattribute utility functions using the well-studied and widely applicable utility independence concept. We show how conditional utility independence leads to an effective functional decomposition that can be exhibited graphically, and how local, compact data at the graph nodes can be used to calculate joint utility. We discuss aspects of elicitation, network construction, and optimization, and contrast our new representation with previous graphical preference modeling.
Modulation of the Phagosome Proteome by Interferon-γ (2007)

Macrophages are immune cells that function in the clearance of infectious particles. This process involves the engulfment of microbes into phagosomes where these particles are lysed and degraded. In the current study, we used a large scale quantitative proteomics approach to analyze the changes in protein abundance induced on phagosomes by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), an inflammatory cytokine that activates macrophages. Our analysis identified 167 IFN-gamma-modulated proteins on phagosomes of which more than 90% were up-regulated. The list of phagosomal proteins regulated by IFN-gamma includes proteins expected to alter phagosome maturation, enhance microbe degradation, trigger the macrophage immune response, and promote antigen loading on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. A dynamic analysis of IFN-gamma-sensitive proteins by Western blot indicated that newly formed phagosomes display a delayed proteolytic activity coupled to an increased recruitment of the MHC class I peptide-loading complex. These phagosomal conditions may favor antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules on IFN-gamma-activated macrophages.
Effects of Sonication on the Size and Crystallinity of Stable Zwitterionic Organic Nanoparticles Formed by Reprecipitation in Water (2005)

Nanoparticles of a novel organic zwitterionic Meisenheimer complex, N',N' ',N' ''-tri(isopropyl)-4-oxo-6-(isopropyliminio)-2-s-(2H)triazinespiro-1'-2',4',6'-trinitrocyclohexadienylide, were synthesized by reprecipitation in water under different conditions. While reprecipitation alone resulted in a suspension of amorphous particles that fell out of solution within hours, sonication for different periods of time resulted in the formation of crystalline particles that were stable in solution over the course of weeks. The disk-shaped particles had an average diameter of 140 nm and a thickness of 70 nm. Comparison of the optical spectroscopy of these particles with the monomer indicates that they possess delocalized excitonic states and enhanced radiative decay rates. The use of zwitterionic molecules in conjunction with sonication provides a way to exert some level of control over particle size and morphology, as well as increased colloidal stability.
An analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 30 bioactive compounds in spent coffee ground by HPLC‐MS/MS (2020)

Spent coffee ground (SCG) is the remaining residue produced after extraction of coffee, and it is considered a source of unextracted bioactive compounds. For this, in the latest years, the attention has been focused to innovative reuses that can exploit the potentiality of SCG. Unfortunately, the content of bioactive compounds has not been thoroughly studied yet, and the major of publication has investigated the caffeine and chlorogenic acids levels, total polyphenol contents, and total flavonoid content. Hence, these approaches have determined only an estimation of flavonoids and polyphenols content and lack on single polyphenols investigation. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to provide a deep characterization of bioactive compounds in SCG. For this purpose, a new analytical method for the quantification of 30 molecules, including caffeine, chlorogenic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and secoiridoids, has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, several extraction procedures, that is, liquid-solid extraction assisted and not by ultrasounds, testing diverse solvents, were evaluated. Liquid-solid extraction assisted by sonication, with water/ethanol (30/70, v/v), resulted the best in terms of total bioactive compounds, and, once validated, the new analytical method was applied to five different espresso SCG samples. Data showed that caffeine (means: 1193.886 ± 57.307 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> ) and chlorogenic acids (means of total CQAs: 1705.656 ± 88.694 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> ) were the most abundant compounds in all SCG samples followed by phenolic acids such as caffeic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, syringic, trans-cinnamic, and vanillic acid. Moreover, some flavonoids, that is, rutin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and quercetin, occurred in almost all samples. This work provided a deepened characterization of bioactive compounds in SCG and can contribute to develop new strategies of reuses.
Organosoluble star polymers from a cyclodextrin core (2005)

Abstract Well‐defined star polymers were synthesized with a combination of the core‐first method and atom transfer radical polymerization. The control of the architecture of the macroinitiator based on β‐cyclodextrin bearing functional bromide groups was determined by 13 C NMR, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. In a second step, the polymerization of the tert ‐butyl acrylate monomer was optimized to avoid a star–star coupling reaction and allowed the synthesis of a well‐defined organosoluble polymer star. The determination of the macromolecular dimensions of these new star polymers by size exclusion chromatography/light scattering was in agreement with the structure of armed star polymers in a large range of predicted molecular weights. This article describes a new approach to polyelectrolyte star polymers by postmodification of poly( tert ‐butyl acrylate) by acrylic arm hydrolysis in a water‐soluble system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5186–5194, 2005
Structural and magnetic properties of molecular beam epitaxy grown chromium selenide thin films (2020)

Chromium selenide thin films were grown epitaxially on $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(0001)$ and Si(111)-(7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 7) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Sharp streaks in reflection high-energy electron diffraction and triangular structures in scanning tunneling microscopy indicate flat smooth film growth along the $c$ axis, which is very similar to that from a hexagonal surface. The x-ray diffraction pattern confirms the growth along the $c$ axis with a $c$-axis lattice constant of 17.39 \AA{}. The grown film is semiconducting, having a small band gap of about 0.034 eV, as calculated from the temperature-dependent resistivity. The antiferromagnetic nature of the film with a N\'eel temperature of about 40 K is estimated from the magnetic exchange bias measurements. A larger out-of-plane exchange bias, along with a smaller in-plane exchange bias is observed below 40 K. Exchange bias training effects are analyzed based on different models and are observed to be following a modified power-law decay behavior.