gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of the Detection of Background Gravitational Radiation (1985)

We discuss the detection of stochastic background gravitational radiation with resonant mechanical antennas. Using a pair of antennas of the precisely same frequency, one obtains a low detection threshold for energy density of the radiation, when outputs from the phase-sensitive detectors following each antenna are directly correlated.
Front Matter: Volume 6861 (2008)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6861, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and the Conference Committee listing.© (2008) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Activity in PARP-1 Silenced Tumour Cells Increases Chemosensitivity to Temozolomide and to a N3-Adenine Selective Methylating Agent (2010)

We recently demonstrated that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 is involved in angiogenesis and tumour aggressiveness. In this study we have compared the influence of abrogation of PARP-1 expression by stable gene silencing to that of the pharmacological inhibition of cellular PARP activity using PARP-1/-2 inhibitors on the chemosensitivity of tumour cells to the wide spectrum methylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) and to the N3-adenine selective methylating agent {1-methyl-4-[1-methyl-4-(3-methoxysulfonylpropanamido)pyrrole-2-carboxamido]-pyrrole-2-carboxamido}propane (Me-Lex). Silencing of PARP-1 in melanoma or cervical carcinoma lines enhanced in vitro sensitivity to TMZ and Me- Lex, and induced a higher level of cell accumulation at the G2/M phase of cell cycle with respect to controls. GPI 15427, which inhibits both PARP-1 and PARP-2, increased sensitivity to TMZ and Me-Lex both in PARP-1-proficient and - deficient cells. However, it induced different cell cycle modulations depending on PARP-1 expression, provoking a G2/M arrest only in PARP-1 silenced cells. Treatment of PARP-1 silenced cells with TMZ or Me-Lex resulted in a more extensive phosphorylation of Chk-1 and p53 as compared to PARP-1 proficient cells. The combination of the methylating agents with GPI 15427 increased Chk-1 and p53 phosphorylation both in PARP-1 proficient or deficient cells. When mice challenged with PARP-1 silenced melanoma cells were treated with the TMZ and PARP inhibitor combination there was an additional reduction in tumour growth with respect to treatment with TMZ alone. These results suggest the involvement of PARP-2 or other PARPs, in the repair of DNA damage provoked by methylating agents, highlighting the importance of targeting both PARP-1 and PARP-2 for cancer therapy.
A Peptidomimetic Antibiotic Targets Outer Membrane Proteins and Disrupts Selectively the Outer Membrane in Escherichia coli (2015)

Increasing antibacterial resistance presents a major challenge in antibiotic discovery. One attractive target in Gram-negative bacteria is the unique asymmetric outer membrane (OM), which acts as a permeability barrier that protects the cell from external stresses, such as the presence of antibiotics. We describe a novel β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide JB-95 with potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. This peptide exhibits no cellular lytic activity, but electron microscopy and fluorescence studies reveal an ability to selectively disrupt the OM but not the inner membrane of E. coli. The selective targeting of the OM probably occurs through interactions of JB-95 with selected β-barrel OM proteins, including BamA and LptD as shown by photolabeling experiments. Membrane proteomic studies reveal rapid depletion of many β-barrel OM proteins from JB-95-treated E. coli, consistent with induction of a membrane stress response and/or direct inhibition of the Bam folding machine. The results suggest that lethal disruption of the OM by JB-95 occurs through a novel mechanism of action at key interaction sites within clusters of β-barrel proteins in the OM. These findings open new avenues for developing antibiotics that specifically target β-barrel proteins and the integrity of the Gram-negative OM.
A Nelder Mead-infused INFO algorithm for optimization of mechanical design problems (2022)

Abstract Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms have wide applications that have greater emphasis over the classical optimization techniques. The INFO algorithm is developed on the basis of the weighted mean of the vectors, which enhances the superior vector position that enables to get the global optimal solution. Moreover, it evaluates the fitness function within the updating stage, vectors combining, and local search stage. Accordingly, in the present article, a population-based algorithm named weighted mean of vectors (INFO) is hybridized with the Nelder–Mead algorithm (HINFO-NM) and adapted to optimize the standard benchmark function structural optimization of the vehicle suspension arm. This provides a superior convergence rate, prevention of trapping in the local search domain, and class balance between the exploration and exploitation phase. The pursued results suggest that the HINFO-NM algorithm is the robust optimizer that provides the best results compared to the rest of the algorithms. Moreover, the scalability of this algorithm can be realized by having the least standard deviation in the results. The HINFO-NM algorithm can be adopted in a wide range of optimization challenges by assuring superior results obtained in the present article.
Compensating for Patient Respiration in PET/CT Imaging with the Registered and Summed Phases (RASP) Procedure (2006)

PET/CT imaging has introduced new challenges in accurate quantitation of lung nodules due to respiratory motion and mismatches in CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC). We used Monte Carlo simulations to investigate how respiratory-correlated CTAC can be optimized to account for mis-registration between the AC data and the PET data due to respiratory motion. This step also allows compensating for increased emission noise in respiratory-gated PET images by non-rigid image registration of the CTAC phases. These registration parameters are then applied to the attenuation-corrected PET phase images, which are then summed to reduce noise. A significant increase in the final PET SNR is demonstrated.
Triphenylboran‐katalysierte chemoselektive Reduktion von tertiären Amiden zu Aminen (2016)

Abstract Triphenylboran (BPh 3 ) katalysierte die Reduktion tertiärer Amide mit Hydrosilanen zu Aminen unter milden Bedingungen in Gegenwart von Ketonen, Estern und Iminen bei hoher Chemoselektivität. N , N ‐Dimethylacrylamid wurde unter Bildung des α‐Silylamids reduziert. Erste Studien zeigen, dass sich die Hydrosilylierung mit dem Katalysator BPh 3 mechanistisch gegenüber der Hydrosilylierung mit dem stärker elektrophilen B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 unterscheidet.
Photo-Voltaic System Using Micro-Optics (2012)

A photo-voltaic system is under development that uses large arrays of plastic micro-lenses, each illuminating a tiny PV cell stack. This 100-sun system has ±2.5° field of view. Cell efficiency target is &gt;50% with 40% overall system efficiency.
Auditory Manifestations of Keratitis‐Ichthyosis‐Deafness (KID) Syndrome (2002)

The sensorineural hearing loss in KID syndrome is generally prelingual and profound. This combination of auditory and cutaneous phenotypes is similar to those previously reported for KID syndrome. KID syndrome presents a difficult challenge for communication rehabilitation because keratitis may impair the perception of sign and spoken language, and the cutaneous manifestations routinely curtail use of external amplification devices.
A Compact L-Band Bandpass Filter with RF MEMS-Enabled Reconfigurable Notches for Interference Rejection in GPS Applications (2015)

In light of today's crowded radio spectrum and the high level of receiver sensitivity required to receive very weak signals, mitigating interference (cosite, intentional jamming, or from other sources) has become a very important topic of research. The recent controversy regarding the use of spectrum close to the global positioning system (GPS) bands is the motivation for the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society 2014 International Microwave Symposium (IMS2014) Tunable Radio-Frequency (RF) Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Filter Student Design Competition, held in Tampa, Florida. Although there are frequency bands reserved for GPS, there is sometimes interference from undesired signals from a variety of sources, such as radio emissions in adjacent bands, intentional/unintentional jamming, and naturally occurring space weather. Ensuring the continuity of GPS service requires the protection of its spectrum from interference. This competition was intended to interest students in the design of innovative RF front-end solutions to address this issue. This article describes the work of the winners of the first-place award.
Transduction of an <i>IL-2</i> Gene into Human Melanoma-Reactive Lymphocytes Results in Their Continued Growth in the Absence of Exogenous IL-2 and Maintenance of Specific Antitumor Activity (2001)

IL-2-dependent activated cells undergo apoptotic death when IL-2 is withdrawn either in vitro or after in vivo cell transfer. To attempt to sustain their survival after IL-2 withdrawal, melanoma-reactive human T lymphocytes were retrovirally transduced with an exogenous human IL-2 gene. Transduced PBMC and cloned CD8+ T cells produced IL-2 and maintained viability after IL-2 withdrawal. Upon restimulation, IL-2 transductants proliferated in the absence of exogenous IL-2 and could be actively grown, and their survival could be maintained without added IL-2 for over 8 wk. PBMCs similarly transduced with a control vector did not produce IL-2 and failed to proliferate in the absence of IL-2. A CD8+ T cell clone, when transduced with an IL-2 gene, manifested the same phenotypes as PBMCs in the absence of exogenous IL-2. Furthermore, an Ab reactive with the alpha-chain of IL-2R complex reduced the viability mediated by IL-2 secretion of the IL-2 transductants. Moreover, transduction of an IL-2 gene did not affect the high degree of recognition and specificity of transductants against melanoma targets. These tumor-reactive IL-2 transductants may be valuable for in vitro studies and for improved adoptive transfer therapies for patients with metastatic melanoma.
Liver-to-Plasma Vaniprevir (MK-7009) Concentration Ratios in HCV-Infected Patients (2014)

These data confirm higher vaniprevir concentrations in human liver compared with plasma and demonstrate that measurement of human liver drug concentration using needle biopsy is feasible.
Inverse design and demonstration of broadband grating couplers (2018)

We present a gradient-based optimization strategy to design broadband grating couplers. Using this method, we are able to reach, and often surpass, a user-specified target bandwidth during optimization. The designs produced for 220 nm silicon-on-insulator are capable of achieving 3 dB bandwidths exceeding 100 nm while maintaining central coupling efficiencies ranging from -3.0 dB to -5.4 dB, depending on partial-etch fraction. We fabricate a subset of these structures and experimentally demonstrate gratings with 3 dB bandwidths exceeding 120 nm. This inverse design approach provides a flexible design paradigm, allowing for the creation of broadband grating couplers without requiring constraints on grating geometry.
Small- and Medium-Scale Assessment of Rockfall Coefficients of Restitution (2023)

Smart Rock (SR) sensors designed at the University of New Hampshire have been used to instrument laboratory and field rockfall experiments. This paper summarizes the results of instrumented small- and medium-scale tests using SRs embedded in the test blocks, performed with the aim to enhance input parameters in rockfall models and to evaluate the contribution of block rotation, often disregarded in energy computations. Fabricated concrete blocks weighing 1 and 13.5 kg were released under controlled conditions onto a poorly graded sand from a height of 1 to 10 m. The impacted surface was also varied at angles between 0° and 42°. High-speed video and SR data were used to determine block translational and rotational velocities of 45 tests and to calculate their energy restitution after each drop. The results demonstrate that different test conditions produce distinct responses in terms of energy restitution, highlighting the difficulty of using fixed coefficients of restitution to realistically model rockfall trajectories.
A microfluidic device for the quantization of subpopulations of cells (2015)

International audience
MiR-23b-3p suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting c-MET (2022)

In this study, we confirmed that miR-23b-3p downregulation significantly increased EMT, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. In addition, c-MET was confirmed to be a target of miR-23b-3p in HCC cells and regulated the functional effects of miR-23b-3p. These results suggest that miR-23b-3p can be used as a prognostic biomarker and candidate target for HCC treatment.
Systematic approach to selecting licensed drugs for repurposing in the treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis (2020)

We report a standardised approach for the identification of candidate drugs for repurposing in the treatment of progressive MS.
Ten-Year Multicenter Clinical and MRI Evaluation of Isolated Supraspinatus Repairs (2017)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Interleukin 17 and senescent cells regulate the foreign body response to synthetic material implants in mice and humans (2020)

Medical devices and implants made of synthetic materials can induce an immune-mediated process when implanted in the body called the foreign body response, which results in formation of a fibrous capsule around the implant. To explore the immune and stromal connections underpinning the foreign body response, we analyzed fibrotic capsules surrounding surgically excised human breast implants from 12 individuals. We found increased numbers of interleukin 17 (IL17)-producing γδ<sup>+</sup> T cells and CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper 17 (T<sub>H</sub>17) cells as well as senescent stromal cells in the fibrotic capsules. Further analysis in a murine model demonstrated an early innate IL17 response to implanted synthetic material (polycaprolactone) particles that was mediated by innate lymphoid cells and γδ<sup>+</sup> T cells. This was followed by a chronic adaptive CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub>17 cell response that was antigen dependent. Synthetic materials with varying chemical and physical properties implanted either in injured muscle or subcutaneously induced similar IL17 responses in mice. Mice deficient in IL17 signaling established that IL17 was required for the fibrotic response to implanted synthetic materials and the development of p16<sup>INK4a</sup> senescent cells. IL6 produced by senescent cells was sufficient for the induction of IL17 expression in T cells. Treatment with a senolytic agent (navitoclax) that killed senescent cells reduced IL17 expression and fibrosis in the mouse implant model. Discovery of a feed-forward loop between the T<sub>H</sub>17 immune response and the senescence response to implanted synthetic materials introduces new targets for therapeutic intervention in the foreign body response.
The Glypican-1/HGF/C-Met and Glypican-1/VEGF/VEGFR2 Ternary Complexes Regulate Hair Follicle Angiogenesis (2021)

The hair renewal involves changes in the morphology of the hair follicle and its micro-vascularization. In alopecia, the hair cycle is accelerated, resulting in the formation of thinner and shorter hair. In addition, alopecia is associated with a decrease in the micro-vascularization of the hair follicles. In this study, the role of glypicans (GPCs) was analyzed in the regulation of the angiogenesis of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC). The analysis of glypican gene expression showed that GPC1 is the major glypican expressed by human keratinocytes of outer root sheath (KORS), human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HHFDPC) and HDMEC. KORS were demonstrated to secrete VEGF and HGF. The HDMEC pseudotube formation was induced by KORS conditioned media (KORS<sub>CM</sub>). It was totally abrogated after GPC1 siRNA transfection of HDMEC. Moreover, when cleaved by phospholipase C (PLC), GPC1 promotes the proliferation of HDMEC. Finally, GPC1 was shown to interact directly with VEGFR2 or c-Met to regulate angiogenesis induced by the activation of these receptors. Altogether, these results showed that GPC1 is a key regulator of microvascular endothelial cell angiogenesis induced by VEGF and HGF secreted by KORS. Thus, GPC1 might constitute an interesting target to tackle alopecia in dermatology research.
Midlothian Waste Amnesty (2016)

To cut down on the number of fires started in the run up to Bonfire Night, please take the opportunity for a free waste uplift during Waste Amnesty week.
Physiological and metabolic effects of prophylactic treatment with the osmolytes glycerol and betaine on Bos indicus steers during long duration transportation1 (2007)

The physiological and metabolic effects of prophylactic treatment with osmolytes were investigated using twenty-four 2.5-yr-old Bos indicus steers. Animals were allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 1) control, feed and water deprived for 48 h (n = 6); 2) transported, transported for 48 h (n = 6); 3) glycerol, dosed with glycerol (2 g/kg of BW) and then transported for 48 h (n = 6); and 4) betaine, dosed with betaine (0.25 g/kg of BW) then transported for 48 h (n = 6). Body water, electrolytes, blood pH and gases, plasma lactate, glucose, albumin, total protein, anion gap, strong ion difference, total weak acids, and BW were determined at the conclusion of 24 and 48 h of transportation. The glycerol group had greater body water volumes than the control (P = 0.05) and transported (P = 0.02) groups. The glycerol, transported, and betaine groups had lower (P = 0.02) plasma Mg concentrations than the control group at 24 h, whereas the glycerol group maintained lower (P = 0.04) plasma concentrations of Ca than the control group. The betaine group had lower (P = 0.04) hematocrit than the control group at 24 and 48 h. Plasma bicarbonate and pCO2 were 13 and 17% greater (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) in the glycerol group at 24 h compared with control and transported groups. However, the ratio of [HCO3]/[CO2] in the glycerol group did not differ from the other groups and thereby maintained pH. The glycerol group maintained a 30% greater (P < 0.001) plasma concentration of glucose than the control group, and 14% greater (P = 0.05) than the transported and betaine groups. In contrast, betaine had little effect on increasing blood glucose compared with glycerol. Glycerol-linked hyperhydration at 24 h may not only help to conserve water loss during long distance transportation, but the increased blood glucose may have an important protein-sparing effect due, in part, to greater insulin concentrations inhibiting the breakdown of muscle proteins, thus, countering the amino-acid mobilizing effect of cortisol after 24 h. Therefore, the osmolyte glycerol shows promise as a prophylactic treatment for attenuating the effects of long distance transportation by maintaining body water, decreasing the energy deficit, and preserving health and muscle quality.
Synthesis of Reactive Polyesters by Polyaddition of Bisepoxides with Dicarboxylic Acids and Chemical Modifications of the Resulting Polymers. (1996)

側鎖に水酸基を有する可溶性ポリエステルの合成について検討を行った. 触媒にテトラブチルアンモニウムプロミドを用いて, ビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテルとアジピン酸との重付加反応を60℃で24時間行った結果, 数平均分子量9800の可溶性ポリエステルが収率79%で得られた. 種々のビスエポキシ化合物とジカルボン酸との重付加反応でも, 反応温度と時間を制御することで, 可溶性のポリエステル類を高収率で合成できることが判明した. 得られたポリマーとジアゾナフトキノンスルホニルクロリド (DNQ) との反応からエステル化率85%で側鎖にDNQ残基を持ったポリマー (P-2a) が得られた. P-2aは高い光反応性を示し, 光照射部分はアルカリ水溶液に可溶となった.
Interleukin-4 Is Essential for the Control of Microfilariae in Murine Infection with the Filaria<i>Litomosoides sigmodontis</i> (2001)

Litomosoides sigmodontis is the only filaria which develops from infective larvae into microfilaria-producing adults in immunocompetent laboratory mice. In this study we report that interleukin-4 knockout (IL-4 KO) mice have an up to 100-fold-higher and a significantly prolonged microfilaremia compared to wild-type BALB/c mice, as well as 20 times more microfilariae in the thoracic cavity, the site of infection. While worm development and adult worm persistence were equivalent in IL-4 KO and wild-type mice, the fertility and length of adult female worms in IL-4 KO mice was clearly enhanced. The high susceptibility to microfilariae in IL-4 KO mice required the presence of adult worms in a full infection cycle since microfilariae loads did not differ much between IL-4 KO and wild-type mice when purified microfilariae were injected into mice. In addition, we found that eosinophilia was diminished and immunoglobulin E (IgE) was absent in IL-4 KO mice. IgE, however, does not seem to be the essential factor for microfilarial containment since microfilaremia was not elevated in B-cell KO mice. In conclusion, IL-4 is shown for the first time to be essential for the control of microfilarial loads but not of adult worm loads in a fully permissive murine filarial infection. IL-4 dependent effector pathways seem to operate on adult worms rather than directly on microfilariae.
RNA transcripts of hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma (1987)

The states of hepatitis B virus DNA, RNA transcripts and antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg) were studied in the liver with hepatocellular carcinoma by blot hybridization and immunohistological methods. We used whole hepatitis B virus DNA and gene specific probes (S, C and X genes) for hybridization. Integrated viral DNA was found in all five tumors, but episomal DNA was not detected in the neoplastic tissue. In the nonneoplastic cirrhotic liver, episomal DNA was found in four cases and integrated viral DNA in four cases. A large amount of hepatitis B virus-specific RNA transcripts was demonstrated in nonneoplastic liver of all five cases. Two major transcripts, 2.4 and 3.4 kb in length, were identified. The former hybridized with the S gene probe and the latter with the C gene probe, suggesting that they were messenger RNAs for HBsAg and HBcAg, respectively. In contrast to nonneoplastic liver, RNA transcripts were found in the neoplastic portion in only two cases, small in quantity; they primarily hybridized with S and X, but not with C genes. Novel species of 4.0 and 3.9 kb transcripts were found in the neoplastic and the nonneoplastic portions, respectively, in one case. They may represent fusion transcripts of integrated viral DNA and cellular flanking sequences.
Two-Bit Message Passing Decoders for LDPC Codes Over the Binary Symmetric Channel (2009)

In this paper, we consider quantized decoding of LDPC codes on the binary symmetric channel. The binary message passing algorithms, while allowing extremely fast hardware implementation, are not very attractive from the perspective of performance. More complex decoders such as the ones based on belief propagation exhibit superior performance but lead to slower decoders. The approach in this paper is to consider message passing decoders that have larger message alphabet (thereby providing performance improvement) as well as low complexity (thereby ensuring fast decoding). We propose a class of message-passing decoders whose messages are represented by two bits. The thresholds for various decoders in this class are derived using density evolution. The problem of correcting a fixed number of errors assumes significance in the error floor region. For a specific decoder, the sufficient conditions for correcting all patterns with up to three errors are derived. By comparing these conditions and thresholds to the similar ones when Gallager B decoder is used, we emphasize the advantage of decoding on a higher number of bits, even if the channel observation is still one bit.