gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication Of Nanoengineered Radiation Shielding Multifunctional Polymeric Sandwich Composites (2016)

Space Radiation has become one of the major factors in successful long duration space exploration. Exposure to space radiation not only can affect the health of astronauts but also can disrupt or damage materials and electronics. Hazards to materials include degradation of properties, such as, modulus, strength, or glass transition temperature. Electronics may experience single event effects, gate rupture, burnout of field effect transistors and noise. Presently aluminum is the major component in most of the space structures due to its lightweight and good structural properties. However, aluminum is ineffective at blocking space radiation. Therefore, most of the past research involved studying at polymers which contain large amounts of hydrogen. Again, these materials are not structural materials and would require large amounts of material to achieve the structural properties needed. One of the materials to alleviate this problem is polymeric composite materials, which has good structural properties and use polymers that contained large amounts of hydrogen. This paper presents steps involved in fabrication of multi-functional hybrid sandwich panels that can provide beneficial radiation shielding as well as structural strength. Multifunctional hybrid sandwich panels were manufactured using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process and were subjected to radiation treatment. Study indicates that various nanoparticles including Boron Nano powder, Boron Carbide and Gadolinium nanoparticles can be successfully used to block the space radiation without sacrificing the structural integrity.
Further limitations of phylogenetic group-specific probes used for detection of bacteria in environmental samples (2010)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with fluorochrome-labelled oligonucleotides targeting rRNA is a powerful tool for the identification and quantification of micro-organisms that are important in environmental and industrial processes. Phylogenetic group-specific (PGS) oligonucleotide probes, targeting rRNA of many different taxa, are commonly used to screen environmental samples. The use of broad-spectrum PGS FISH probes is quite limited because they might detect micro-organisms outside the PGS group containing the target sequence (false positives), and they frequently miss micro-organisms within the group lacking the target sequence (false negatives). The removal of unwanted nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, is crucial in maintaining our waterways and preventing eutrophication. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process is a highly applied and globally important biological process for the removal of phosphorus and treatment of wastewater. FISH has been regularly used to assess the bacteria present in EBPR-activated sludge biomass, and to link EBPR process performance with resident microbial communities. This assessment has substantial implications for EBPR, specifically relating to the identification of two critical, relatively abundant and competing bacterial populations of 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' (henceforth Accumulibacter) and 'Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis' (henceforth Competibacter), members of the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, respectively. Accumulibacter is responsible for the majority of phosphorus removal in EBPR wastewater treatment processes, as Competibacter is detrimental for this vital nutrient removal process, through competition for carbon while not removing phosphorus.
Enhanced nonlinear magnetic resonance signals via square wave dipolar fields (2008)

This report introduces a new approach that enhances nonlinear solution magnetic resonance signals from intermolecular dipolar interactions. The resulting signals can theoretically be as large as the full equilibrium magnetization. Simple, readily implemented pulse sequences using square-wave magnetization modulation simultaneously refocus all even order intermolecular multiple quantum coherences, leading to a substantial net signal enhancement, complex nonlinear dynamics, and improved structural sensitivity under realistic conditions.
Histone deacetylase 1 suppresses Krüppel homolog 1 gene expression and influences juvenile hormone action in <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (2019)

Posttranslational modifications, including acetylation and deacetylation of histones and other proteins, modulate hormone action. In <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> TcA cells, Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, mimics juvenile hormone (JH) in inducing JH response genes (e.g., <i>Kr-h1</i>), suggesting that HDACs may be involved in JH action. To test this hypothesis, we identified genes coding for HDACs in <i>T. castaneum</i> and studied their function. Knockdown of 12 <i>HDAC</i> genes showed variable phenotypes; the most severe phenotype was detected in insects injected with double-stranded RNA targeting <i>HDAC1</i> (dsHDAC1). The dsHDAC1-injected insects showed arrested growth and development and eventually died. Application of JH analogs hydroprene to <i>T. castaneum</i> larvae and JH III to TcA cells suppressed <i>HDAC1</i> expression. Sequencing of RNA isolated from control and dsHDAC1-injected larvae identified 1,720 differentially expressed genes, of which 1,664 were up-regulated in dsHDAC1-treated insects. The acetylation levels of core histones were increased in TcA cells exposed to dsHDAC1 or JH III. ChIP assays performed using histone H2BK5ac antibodies showed an increase in acetylation in the <i>Kr-h1</i> promoter region of cells exposed to JH III or dsHDAC1. Overexpression or knockdown of <i>HDAC1</i>, <i>SIN3</i>, or both resulted in a decrease or increase in <i>Kr-h1</i> mRNA levels and its promoter activity, respectively. Overexpression of the JH receptor Methoprene tolerant (<i>Met</i>) was unable to induce <i>Kr-h1</i> in the presence of HDAC1 or SIN3. These data suggest that epigenetic modifications influence JH action by modulating acetylation levels of histones and by affecting the recruitment of proteins involved in the regulation of JH response genes.
Use of opiates in terminally ill children (1987)

The records of 21 children receiving morphine ordiamorphine during terminal care at a children's hospice were reviewed to examine the use of these drugs. Twelve children with neoplastic disease required one of these drugs during the last week of life. The main indication in every case was pain. Among children with other diagnoses morphine or diamorphine was used in nine cases for a variety of indications. The experience described here suggests that strong opiates may be used in the terminal care of children following the principles developed in adult hospices.
Chapter 7. Enhancing Enzymatic Performance <i>via</i> Restricted Sequence Space Approaches (2018)

Protein engineering reflects the active design of protein properties by changing its amino acid sequence. This goal can be approached via rational design, combinatorial design, or a combination, termed data-driven protein engineering. Among the two principal strategies of tackling the huge size of protein sequence space, this chapter focuses on restricting the sequence space rather than on increasing the library size. Efficient variant generation can be achieved both by picking a limited number of residues to be mutated as well as by restricting the set of amino acid residues to code for.
The uniqueness of the Best code (1994)

Proves that the (10,40,4) code found by Best (1980) is unique. The authors then employ this fact to show that A(10,3)=A(11,4)/spl les/78 and A(11,3)=A(12,4)/spl les/156.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Borna Disease Virus Multiplication in Mouse Organotypic Slice Cultures Is Site-Specifically Inhibited by Gamma Interferon but Not by Interleukin-12 (2004)

Borna disease virus (BDV) induces a nonpurulent CD4- and CD8-T-cell-dependent meningoencephalitis in susceptible animals. Upon intracerebral infection, BDV replicates in the mouse central nervous system (CNS), but only a few mouse strains develop neurological disorder. The antiviral T cells appear to suppress BDV replication by a noncytolytic mechanism. Since BDV does not replicate in standard mouse cell cultures, the putative role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in virus control could not be tested experimentally. Here, we report that mouse organotypic slice cultures can be used to elucidate the complex interactions of BDV, the CNS, and the immune system. We show that BDV replicated in various cell types of mouse cerebellar slice cultures in vitro. In infected slice cultures, a moderate upregulation of the chemokine genes CCL5 and CXCL10 was observed, while expression of various neural genes as well as other chemokine and cytokine genes was not altered. IFN-gamma inhibited the multiplication of BDV in cerebellar and hippocampal slice cultures in a dose-dependent manner. However, while complete suppression of BDV was observed in cerebellar slice cultures, inhibition was incomplete in hippocampal slice cultures. Kinetic studies indicated that IFN-gamma protects noninfected cells from infection rather than clearing the virus from infected cells. These results demonstrate that BDV can replicate in cultured neural cells of the mouse if organ integrity is well preserved. They further show that IFN-gamma is a powerful inhibitor of BDV in the absence of blood-borne leukocytes in mouse cerebellar slice cultures.
TV white space availability in Japan estimated using D/U-based and I/N-based protection rules (2012)

This paper reports estimates of TV white space (TVWS) availability in Japan that are based on the separation distances calculated using D/U-based and I/N-based rules. Calculating the TVWS availability with various TVWS-device parameters-antenna height, transmission power, protected area threshold, and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR)-revealed the parameter dependence of the availability of TVWS channels. The effect of changing the protected area threshold is shown to differ between D/U-based and I/N-based rules: only in D/U-based rule do both separation distance and protected area decrease when the protected area threshold increases. We also show that the effect of the ACLR is smaller than that of the other parameters. Our estimates can be utilized as reference data showing how changes in TVWS availability depend on various TVWS device parameters.
Shoulder-surfing resistance with eye-gaze entry in cued-recall graphical passwords (2010)

We present Cued Gaze-Points (CGP) as a shoulder-surfing resistant cued-recall graphical password scheme where users gaze instead of mouse-click. This approach has several advantages over similar eye-gaze systems, including a larger password space and its cued-recall nature that can help users remember multiple distinct passwords. Our 45-participant lab study is the first evaluation of gaze-based password entry via user-selected points on images. CGP's usability is potentially acceptable, warranting further refinement and study.
Rethinking the recommender research ecosystem (2011)

Recommender systems research is being slowed by the difficulty of replicating and comparing research results. Published research uses various experimental methodologies and metrics that are difficult to compare. It also often fails to sufficiently document the details of proposed algorithms or the evaluations employed. Researchers waste time reimplementing well-known algorithms, and the new implementations may miss key details from the original algorithm or its subsequent refinements. When proposing new algorithms, researchers should compare them against finely-tuned implementations of the leading prior algorithms using state-of-the-art evaluation methodologies. With few exceptions, published algorithmic improvements in our field should be accompanied by working code in a standard framework, including test harnesses to reproduce the described results. To that end, we present the design and freely distributable source code of LensKit, a flexible platform for reproducible recommender systems research. LensKit provides carefully tuned implementations of the leading collaborative filtering algorithms, APIs for common recommender system use cases, and an evaluation framework for performing reproducible offline evaluations of algorithms. We demonstrate the utility of LensKit by replicating and extending a set of prior comparative studies of recommender algorithms --- showing limitations in some of the original results --- and by investigating a question recently raised by a leader in the recommender systems community on problems with error-based prediction evaluation.
Chalcogen Chiral Ylides for the Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Aldehydes: From Sulfur to Selenium and Tellurium (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nanostructured catalysts for diesel soot combustion (2006)

Several cobaltite catalysts were prepared by combustion synthesis, characterized, and tested as catalysts for diesel soot combustion. The Rb-substituted cobaltite catalyst showed the highest activity as a consequence of its greater easiness to be reduced from La0.9Rb0.1Co(III)O3 to La0.9Rb0.1Co(II)O2.5, which were pointed out as the key players in the soot oxidation state. This catalyst was tested on real flue gases in innovative catalytic wall-flow traps. The catalytic materials characterized by the highest easiness of the cobalt (III) B site to be reduced to cobalt (II) were developed, with attention to their compatibility with either trap material or the poisoning components present in diesel exhaust gas, e.g., SOx
A hybrid algorithm for automatic detection of hyperspectral dimensionality (2002)

Hyperspectral systems have improved significantly through recent advancements in sensor technology, which have made possible to acquire data with several hundred channels. These advances provide the possible benefit of not only collecting more detailed information than previously possible, but also of producing more accurate data. Some of the major challenges in handling such large data sets are removing redundant information and assuring the continued relevance of vital information to the application at hand. For example, conventional methods for land use and land cover classifications may not be applicable, due to the large data volumes used to characterize hyperspectral cubes. Therefore, these conventional methods may require a preprocessing step, namely dimension reduction. Dimension reduction can be seen as a transformation from a high order dimension to a low order dimension in order to conquer the so-called "curse of the dimensionality," which eliminates data redundancy. Principal component analysis (PCA) is one such data reduction technique, which is often used when analyzing remotely sensed data. In computing the principal components, the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of the 3D image must be computed. This can be done for all the eigenvalues at once using the standard Jacobi method, or in one-by-one fashion using the power method, starting with the largest eigenvalue.
Type Performance of Fischer-Tropsch Liquids (FTL) in Modified Off-Highway Diesel Engine Test Cycle (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Fischer-Tropsch (FT) conversion of gasification products to liquid hydrocarbon fuel commonly includes FT synthesis followed by mild refining of the FT synthetic oil into diesel, kerosene, and naphtha, each defined by a specific boiling range. These FT products are derived typically by mixing condensable gaseous reactor effluent (∼C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;-C&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt;) with hydrocracked liquid reactor effluent (∼C&lt;sub&gt;20+&lt;/sub&gt;). This mixture of FT liquids (FTL), is then hydrotreated and distilled to yield the desired products.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper evaluates compression-ignition engine performance during preliminary tests of the condensable gaseous reactor effluent (∼C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;-C&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt;) portion of the (FTL) from a Syntroleum Corporation plant. Engine operability, maximum torque, fuel economy and emissions were evaluated for both FTL and mixtures of FTL with gasoline, hexanes, diethyl ether, and ethanol. Emphasis was placed on particulate and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions. However, hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations were also followed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engine tests were performed with neat FTL, as well as with FTL formulations containing (1) 25% gasoline; (2) 25% hexanes; (3) 20%, 25%, and 33% of a equal volume mixture of ethanol and diethyl ether; and (4) 20% and 25% ethanol. Performances were compared to US 1D and US 2D diesels. A three-mode test sequence was performed consistent with heavy duty diesel engine applications and each of the fuels met or exceeded goals on reduced emissions and operability of the unmodified engine. Significant emission performance advantages were observed with several of these formulations.&lt;/div&gt;
Dihydrouridine synthesis in tRNAs is under reductive evolution in Mollicutes (2021)

Dihydrouridine (D) is a tRNA-modified base conserved throughout all kingdoms of life and assuming an important structural role. The conserved dihydrouridine synthases (Dus) carries out D-synthesis. DusA, DusB and DusC are bacterial members, and their substrate specificity has been determined in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. DusA synthesizes D20/D20a while DusB and DusC are responsible for the synthesis of D17 and D16, respectively. Here, we characterize the function of the unique <i>dus</i> gene encoding a DusB detected in Mollicutes, which are bacteria that evolved from a common Firmicute ancestor via massive genome reduction. Using <i>in vitro</i> activity tests as well as <i>in vivo E. coli</i> complementation assays with the enzyme from <i>Mycoplasma capricolum</i> (DusB<i><sub>MCap</sub></i>), a model organism for the study of these parasitic bacteria, we show that, as expected for a DusB homolog, DusB<i><sub>MCap</sub></i> modifies U17 to D17 but also synthetizes D20/D20a combining therefore both <i>E. coli</i> DusA and DusB activities. Hence, this is the first case of a Dus enzyme able to modify up to three different sites as well as the first example of a tRNA-modifying enzyme that can modify bases present on the two opposite sides of an RNA-loop structure. Comparative analysis of the distribution of DusB homologs in Firmicutes revealed the existence of three DusB subgroups namely DusB1, DusB2 and DusB3. The first two subgroups were likely present in the Firmicute ancestor, and Mollicutes have retained DusB1 and lost DusB2. Altogether, our results suggest that the multisite specificity of the <i>M. capricolum</i> DusB enzyme could be an ancestral property.
Thermometer for the 2D Electron Gas using 1D Thermopower (1998)

We measure the temperature of a 2D electron gas in GaAs from the thermopower of a one-dimensional ballistic constriction, using the Mott relation to confirm the calibration from the electrical conductance. Under hot electron conditions, this technique shows that the power loss by the electrons follows a ${T}^{5}$ dependence in the Gruneisen-Bloch regime, as predicted for acoustic phonon emission with a screened piezoelectric interaction. An independent measurement using conventional thermometry based on Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations gives a ${T}^{3}$ loss rate. We discuss reasons for this discrepancy.
New Genomics Resources for Strawberry (2005)

The past year has brought substantial progress in the development of functional and structural genomic tools for strawberry. Sequencing of cDNA library clones from the cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa and the diploid model species Fragaria vesca has provided more than 3000 new EST sequences. We have also constructed a large (∼40 kb) insert genomic (fosmid) library from F. vesca . About 33,000 fosmid clones have been picked and spotted onto hybridization filters. Filters have been successfully probed with three single copy gene probes, one gene family probe, and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) probe sets. The combined cpDNA and mtDNA clone content of the library is about 11%. After correction for organelle insert content, the nuclear genome coverage of the library is about 6×. Complete sequencing of two fosmid clones identified 12 putative protein-encoding genes, four of which were organized in colinearity with the corresponding chromosomal region of Arabidopsis thaliana . We will sequence an additional 50 fosmid clones, and use the resulting sequence data as the basis for developing a novel marker technology, to be described. These genomic tools will provide a basis for connecting specific genes to specific traits in the octoploid, cultivated strawberry, paving the way for implementation of gene-based, marker assisted selection as a tool for strawberry breeders. Opportunity for cross-species comparisons of gene sequence and composition, as well as genome organization and linkage group structure, between Fragaria and other members of the economically important Rosaceae family has been significantly enhanced, thus expanding the relevance of the project results to peach, cherry, apple, rose, brambles, and many other Rosaceous species.
Investigation the influence of miniaturized RFID tag sensor on coupling effect (2021)

Purpose The skin and skeleton of aircraft are connected by adhesives or rivets to bear and transfer aerodynamic load. It is easy for crack and fracture damage to occur under the action of cyclic load, thus reducing aircraft bearing capacity/integrity and causing serious security risks. Therefore, it is particularly important that passive wireless radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors be used for the health monitoring of aircraft skin in its whole life cycle. This paper aims to investigate the influence of miniaturization on the coupling effect between RFID tag sensors. Design/methodology/approach Two groups of crack sensing systems based on RFID tags were designed. Gain and mutual impedance of sensor tags were analyzed via mode analysis. The reliability of crack detection of both sensing systems was compared using a preset experimental scheme. Findings Miniaturized antennas can reduce edge influence and the coupling effect. Gain and mutual impedance decrease with the increase in distance between dual tags. Backscatter power shows a decreasing trend and threshold power to activate tags in reader antenna increases. Results show that the miniaturization of size is more suitable for the application of multiple sensors. Originality/value By comparing two groups of sensing systems, the consistency of crack detection sensitivity is better when small tags are placed in parallel, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of small, passive and densely distributed crack sensors in the future.
Development of a European resource on the origins of pathogens of aquaculture: The Europa Project (2004)

This workshop described the EUROPA project, an EU-funded program aimed at creating a web-based database of molecular sequence data-sets related to significant pathogens of aquaculture. The project aims to focus the efforts of fish health researchers into generating large, evolving and readily available data-sets suited to the purpose of molecular epidemiology. This workshop reviewed the progress of this project, demonstrated the scope of the database developed to date, and sought input regarding the future development of this resource