gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Dictionary (2011)

This chapter explains the roles of a data dictionary (DD) in the development of the information system (IS) and describes its components. The chapter presents a possible implementation of the data dictionary both with the relational and the object oriented (OO) models. A DD is a database or repository of data on the products of the analysis and design phases. It is initially created during the analysis phase, containing details about the components of the object oriented data flow diagram (OO-DFD) and the data elements carried by their various dataflows. But it will be updated and extended throughout the design phase to include details about the products of that phase too. The DD is essential in the development of large-scale systems because it enables its users (analysts and designers) to define, save, and retrieve, in a standard manner, various details of the analysis and design products, details which are not included in those products. A DD can be implemented as a relational database consisting of tables, or as an OO database consisting of object classes. This chapter describes the components of a DD using both models. Obviously, at this stage we only describe the components which are created at the analysis phase.
EKF-based and Geometry-based Positioning under Location Uncertainty of Access Nodes in Indoor Environment (2019)

High accuracy positioning enabled by 5G cellular networks will play a crucial role in the robot-based industrial applications, where the vertical accuracy will be as significant as the 3D accuracy. Aiming at target applications relying on flying robots in industrial environments, this paper presents and formulates two positioning algorithms when the location uncertainty of the access nodes (ANs) is taken into consideration. The first algorithm is a low-complexity geometry-based 3D positioning algorithm that utilizes both time-of-arrival and angle-of-arrival measurements. The second algorithm relies on extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based positioning, by mapping the ANs' location uncertainty into the measurement noise statistics. The performance of the two proposed method is studied in terms of 3D and vertical positioning accuracy, sensitivity to location uncertainty of the ANs, and computational complexity in indoor scenarios. Based on the conducted complexity analysis, the proposed geometry-based algorithm is computationally more efficient than the EKF-based algorithm. In addition, the proposed geometry-based positioning method demonstrates a higher robustness against a high location uncertainty of ANs than the considered EKF-based method.
Abstract 1703: Development of NAV-005, a humoral immuno-suppressor antagonist for the treatment of CA125-expressing cancers (2021)

Abstract Tumors employ a variety of mechanisms to avoid host cellular and humoral immune responses. Recent findings have found that the tumor-produced MUC16/CA125 protein elicits humoral immunosuppressive effects on antibody-mediated tumor cell killing. This effect is facilitated via direct binding to SIGLEC regulatory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells as well as through direct binding to therapeutic antibodies that blocks Fc-γ-receptor and C1q antibody engagement, leading to suppressed antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activities, respectively. We have engineered a human IgG1 Fc fusion protein, called NAV-005, that binds to CA125 with high affinity and blocks its binding to SIGLEC receptors and affected antibodies, thus enabling efficient humoral immune mediated tumor cell killing. NAV-005 is being developed as a novel therapeutic agent to treat humoral immuno-suppressed CA125 expressing cancers. Citation Format: Nicholas C. Nicolaides, Brad Kline, Luigi Grasso. Development of NAV-005, a humoral immuno-suppressor antagonist for the treatment of CA125-expressing cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1703.
Evidence that AQP1 is a functional CO <sub>2</sub> channel in proximal tubules (2006)

AQP1 is a water channel that is extremely abundant in the proximal tubule (PT). Our previous work showed that basolateral CO2 stimulates HCO3− reabsorption (JHCO3) by PT, and also that expressing AQP1 in Xenopus oocytes increases CO2 permeability. To test the hypothesis that AQP1 functions as a CO2 channel in the PT, we compared, in two kinds of studies, wild-type (WT) and AQP1-knockout (KO) mice with similar genetic backgrounds. In the first, we perfused the lumen of a mouse PT with 5% CO2/22 mM HCO3−/pH 7.4, and perfused the bath (B) with equilibrated or out-of-equilibrium (OOE) solutions with [HCO3−]B = 22 mM, pHB = 7.4, and [CO2] B = 0 – 20%. Compared to WT mice, AQP1 KO mice had a ~33% lower JHCO3 at 5% CO2 (n = 9, P = 0.002) and a ~38% lower JHCO3 at 20% (n = 4, P = 0.013), but no difference at 0% (n = 5, P = 0.083). In the second study, we perfused the lumen with a CO2/HCO3−-free solution (pH 7.4), and perfused the bath with equilibrated or OOE CO2/HCO3− solutions (pH 7.4) to assess backflux (−JHCO3). At 0% CO2/22 mM HCO3−, JHCO3 was −37 ± 3 pmole mm−1 min−1 in WT mice (n = 4) and −33 ± 5 pmole mm−1 min−1 in AQP1 KO mice (n = 4; P = 0.53). At 5% CO2/22 mM HCO3−, JHCO3 was −74 ± 8 pmole mm−1 min−1 in WT (n = 13) and −50 ± 5 pmole mm−1 min−1 in KO (n = 13; P = 0.012). At 20% CO2/0 mM HCO3−, JHCO3 was −39 ± 9 pmole mm−1 min−1 in WT (n = 4) and −13 ± 6 pmole mm−1 min−1 in KO (n = 5; P = 0.035). Our data indicate that AQP1 is important for HCO3− reabsorption, and that AQP1 is required for ~67% of the PT's CO2 permeability.
Association of a locus on chromosome 17 with earlier age at onset of cognitive impairment in a familial Amish dataset (2021)

Background Studies of cognitive impairment (CI) in Amish communities have identified sibships containing multiple CI and cognitively normal (CN; unaffected after age 75) individuals. We hypothesize that these CN individuals may carry protective alleles delaying age at onset (AAO) of CI, preserving cognition in older age despite increased genetic risk. We conducted a genome-wide study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with AAO of CI in these individuals. Method 1,522 individuals aged 43-99 (mean age 73.1, 42% men) screened at least once for CI using the modified mini-mental status exam (3MS) were genotyped using Illumina chipsets. Genotypes were imputed for 7,815,951 single nucleotide variant (SNV) with minor allele frequency (MAF) > 1%. The outcome studied was age, defined as 1) age at the first 3MS result indicating impairment (AAO; 3MS <87; 362 CI individuals) or 2) age at last normal exam (3MS >=87, 1,160 CN individuals). Cox mixed-effects models examined association between age and each SNV, adjusting for sex, population structure, and familial relationships. To replicate genome-wide significant findings, SNVs in a 1 Megabase region centered on the peak SNV were examined for association with age using these same methods in the NIA-LOAD family study dataset (1,785 AD cases, 1,565 controls, mean age 73.5; Kunkle et al., 2019). Result Three SNV were significantly associated (p<5 x 10-8) with AAO in the Amish, on chromosomes 6 (rs146729640; Hazard Ratio (HR)=6.38), 9 (rs534551495; HR=2.82), and 17 (rs14538074; HR=3.35). Each region found the common allele associated with later AAO. Replication analysis detected association at rs146729640 on chromosome 17, with nominal statistical significance (HR=1.49, p=0.02). Conclusion The replicated genome-wide significant association with AAO on chromosome 17 implicates the SHISA6 gene, which is involved in post-synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. GWAS studies have not reported association in this region with AD risk or AOO, suggesting this might be a novel locus influencing onset of cognitive impairment, and highlights the power of using unique populations.
Trace Water Vapor Detection in Nitrogen and Corrosive Gases by FTIR Spectroscopy (1995)

A commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (modified to improve the purge) and a long‐path gas cell were used to demonstrate a detection limit of about 10 ppb for water in , , and . This technology is being developed as an in‐line monitor to extend the life of gas delivery systems and improve wafer yields in the semiconductor industry. The reported detection limit includes an improvement of about a factor of three achieved by applying quantitative multivariate calibration to the problem. Methods are discussed to compensate for background moisture in the beam path. Also, discussed are the choice of operating parameters to optimize the instrumental performance. Surprisingly, resolving the narrow water absorption bands is not necessary to achieve optimal sensitivity. In fact, optimal sensitivity is achieved at 2 to 4 cm−1 resolution, allowing the use of an inexpensive interferometer in the final instrument. A calibration over the range of 40 to 2000 ppb of water in has been performed and found to be in good agreement with published spectral data. Finally, an improved instrument design is discussed which is projected to have a lower detection limit and a shorter collection time.
Cermet and Hard Metal Coatings for Advanced Large Diesel Engines with Reduced Pollutant Emissions (2008)

Due to the extraordinary requirements in service and operation of high power diesel marine propulsion engines, and to the long working periods as well as harsh operation conditions, a long operation life cycle, reliability and availability must be sustained. In ship diesel engines, wear usually occurs in the top region of the cylinder liner, where the maximum mechanical and thermal load appears. Modern high pressure direct fuel injection engines (i.e. common rail and pump injector systems) in combustion with high rate turbo charging increases the combustion temperature, pressure and flame propagation. Moreover, abrasive wear mechanism occurs due to the high quantity of abrasive particles and carbon depositions on the piston surface, coming from the heavy fuels combustion and oil degradation. Therefore the mermomechanically and tribologically highly loaded top region are subjected to premature local cylinder damage. This leads to the necessity of a reinforcement of the highly loaded areas by means of advanced materials engineering. State of the art is the use of exchangeable cylinder liner top rings made from hardened steel, placed on the highly loaded areas. This solution has the disadvantage that two different components and materials are used, leading to a reduced heat transfer and elaborate construction and assembly. At the IMTCCC, together with the leading Spanish marine engine manufacturer IZAR, an investigation is being developed, in order to obtain a carbon deposition reducing coating insert by means of HVOF thermal spray techniques.
An architecture and algorithm for context-aware resource allocation for digital teaching platforms (2015)

Digital teaching platforms (DTPs) are aimed to support personalization of classroom education to help optimize the learning process. A trend for research and development exists regarding methods to analyze multimodal data, aiming to infer how students interact with delivered content and understanding student behavior, academic performance, and the way teachers react to student engagement. Existing DTPs can deliver several types of insights, some of which teachers can use to adjust learning activities in real-time. These technologies require a computing infrastructure capable of collecting and analyzing large volumes of data, and for this, cloud computing is an ideal candidate solution. Nonetheless, preliminary field tests with DTPs demonstrate that applying fully remote services is prohibitive in scenarios with limited bandwidth and a constrained communication infrastructure. Therefore, we propose an architecture for DTPs and an algorithm to promote the adjustable balance between local and federated cloud resources. The solution works by deciding where tasks should be executed, based on resource availability and the quality of insights they may provide to teachers during learning sessions. In this work, we detail the system architecture, describe a proof-of-concept, and discuss the viability of the proposed approach for practical scenarios.
Modeling of Thermal Transpiration Flows for Knudsen Compressor Optimization (2005)

Abstract : Rarefied gas flows through two-dimensional finite length capillaries are studied numerically with the goal of performance optimization of a nanomembrane-based Knudsen compressor. Both density and temperature gradient driven flows are considered in a wide range of Knudsen numbers from 0.05 to 75. The length-to-height ratios from 5 to 30 were examined. Three different wall temperature distributions were considered, namely, linear, step-wise, and a non-monotonic profile typical for a radiantly heated Knudsen compressor membrane. The direct simulation Monte Carlo method was used for shorter channels, and a discrete ordinate method for the solution of the BGK model equation is utilized for a long channel. The mechanism for the Knudsen minimum in flow conductance is quantitatively explained, the short channel end effects are characterized, and the sensitivity of the mass flow rate to a non-monotonic temperature distribution is shown.
Outage probability of interference-limited systems using STBC with co-channel MIMO interferers (2008)

The performance of Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) with co-channel MIMO interference is investigated. For an interference-limited environment, the closed-form expressions for the probability density functions of the signal-to-interference ratio are derived and applied to analyze the outage probability with three typical types of co-channel MIMO interferers: STBC, open-loop spatial multiplexing and closed-loop spatial multiplexing. Both theoretical analyses and simulation results show that the performance of STBC is independent of the MIMO modes used in the interfering links.
Effects of Labelling and Increasing the Proportion of Lower-Energy Density Products on Online Food Shopping: A Randomised Control Trial in High- and Low-Socioeconomic Position Participants (2020)

Reducing the energy density (ED) of product selections made during online supermarket food shopping has potential to decrease energy intake. Yet it is unclear which types of intervention are likely to be most effective and equitable. We recruited 899 UK adults of lower and higher socioeconomic position (SEP) who completed a shopping task in an online experimental supermarket. Participants were randomised in a 2 × 2 between-subjects design to test the effects of two interventions on the ED of shopping basket selections: labelling lower-ED products as healthier choices and increasing the relative availability of lower-ED products within a range (referred to as proportion). Labelling of lower-ED products resulted in a small but significant decrease (-4.2 kcal/100 g, 95% CIs -7.8 to -0.6) in the ED of the shopping basket. Increasing the proportion of lower-ED products significantly decreased the ED of the shopping basket (-17 kcal/100 g, 95% CIs -21 to -14). There was no evidence that the effect of either intervention was moderated by SEP. Thus, both types of intervention decreased the ED of foods selected in an online experimental supermarket. There was no evidence that the effectiveness of either intervention differed in people of lower vs. higher SEP.
Photosensitized DNA cleavage promoted by amino acids (2003)

A novel class of DNA cleavage agents are reported that derive activity from amino acids tethered to a photoactive intercalator.
Estimation of Systemic Vascular Resistance Using Built-In Sensing From an Implanted Left Ventricular Assist Device (2019)

Abstract This paper presents an approach for real-time estimation of the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) of heart failure patients who have a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Notably, an approach is described that relies only on sensing that is built into the LVAD, so no additional sensors or measurements are required. The estimation of SVR is accomplished using a variant of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, making use of a reduced-order systemic circulation model, and requires LVAD flowrate as an input to the systemic circulation and measurement of the LVAD differential pressure. Experiments using a hybrid mock circulatory loop (hMCL) are used to show the efficacy of this approach for both types of LVAD pumping modalities; i.e., continuous flow (CF) turbomachines and pulsatile flow (PF) positive-displacement pumps. The mock loop uses a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the cardiovascular system (CVS) where physiological parameters and particularly the SVR can be set to known values, allowing a basis for evaluating the accuracy of the estimation algorithms. It was found that SVR value estimates were accurate within 1.3% and 0.7% compared to the set model values for the continuous and PF LVADs, respectively. The use of this SVR estimation approach utilizing built-in LVAD sensing technology has potential for use in further real-time estimation endeavors, monitoring of patient physiology, and providing alerts to physicians.
Atom-Efficient Oxidation of Alkenes with Molecular Oxygen: Synthesis of Diols (1999)

Dihydroxylations of simple alkenes were carried out for the first time in excellent yields and selectivities with molecular oxygen as oxidant [(Eq. (a)]. Both oxygen atoms are used productively and are incorporated into the product in this transition metal catalyzed alkene oxidation.
Horizontal Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease in Reindeer (2016)

We challenged reindeer by the intracranial route with the agent of chronic wasting disease sourced from white-tailed deer, mule deer, or elk and tested for horizontal transmission to naive reindeer. Reindeer were susceptible to chronic wasting disease regardless of source species. Horizontal transmission occurred through direct contact or indirectly through the environment.
Fluorescence of Hydroxyphenyl-Substituted “Click” Triazoles (2018)

The structural and optical properties of hydroxyphenyl-substituted-1,2,3-triazole molecules ("click" triazoles) are described. "Click" triazoles are prepared from the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The alkyne-derived C4 substituent of a "click" triazole engages in electronic conjugation more effectively with the triazolyl core than the azide-derived N1 substituent. Furthermore, triazolyl group exerts a stronger electron-withdrawing effect on the N1 than the C4 substituent. Therefore, the placement of an electron-donating group at either C4 or N1 position and the presence or the absence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond (HB) have profound influences on the optical properties of these compounds. The reported "click" triazoles have fluorescence quantum yields in the range of 0.1-0.3 and large apparent Stokes shifts (8000-13 000 cm<sup>-1</sup>) in all tested solvents. Deprotonation of "click" triazoles with a C4 hydroxyphenyl group increases their Stokes shifts; while the opposite (or quenching) occurs to the triazoles with an N1 hydroxyphenyl substituent. For the triazoles that contain intramolecular HBs, neither experimental nor computational results support a model of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Rather, the excited state internal (or intramolecular) charge transfer (ICT) mechanism is more suitable to explain the fluorescence properties of the hydroxyphenyl-substituted "click" triazoles; specifically, the large Stokes shifts of these compounds.
Microstructural development and control in YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub Y] coated conductors (2002)

A study of some defect structures in Y1Ba2Cu3O7 (Y-123) coated conductors based on ion-beam-assisted-deposition (IBAD) of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on nickel alloy substrates is presented. Defect structures can originate anywhere in the coated conductor architecture. Defects can be additive and propagate through the entire film structure to affect the growth, orientation, and properties of the superconducting film. Interfacial reactions between Y-123 and the underlying buffer layer and the corresponding effects on the transport properties of the films can be controlled with the thickness of the underlying buffer layer. With a 90Å ceria buffer layer on an IBAD YSZ coated metal substrate, a Jc value of 1.7 MA/cm2 (self-field, 75 K) was obtained in a 1.5 μm thick Y-123 film.
Influence of Surface Roughness and Current Efficiency on Composition Gradients of Thin NiFe Films Obtained by Electrodeposition (2014)

The composition gradients of 5–500 nm thin NiFe films on Cu, Ru, and NiP substrates, obtained by electrodeposition in stirred plating solutions at pH 3.0 on 8 in wafers, were studied. It was found that the average elemental composition of NiFe, determined by ICP analysis, changes during electrodeposition with steep downturns of Fe-content in composition gradient zone near the substrate interface in the thickness range 5–250 nm depending on the electrode substrate (Cu, Ru, and NiP). The extent of anomalous co-deposition achieved at deposit thickness near the substrate (<100 nm) was found to be several times larger than in thicker NiFe films. The partial current densities for metals (Ni, Fe) deposited on Cu-substrates increase during the time of electrodeposition and gives rise to stable values at thickness >250 nm. The partial current density for hydrogen evolution decreases and becomes stable at the thickness>250 nm. The observations related to the experimental results could be explained through a modified Bockris-Drazic-Despic (BDD) reduction mechanism. It was found a strong correlation between the dynamics of surface roughening of NiFe films and the anomalous codeposition inside the composition gradient zone. The decrease of Fe-content with time inside the composition gradient zone-which is a special case of anomalous codeposition- was explained through surface roughening of the NiFe films and the surface H+ concentration dependent competitive adsorption of FeOH+ and NiOH+ electroactive species.
Dielectrophoretic chromatography with cross-flow injection (2003)

This paper reports the separation of particles using Dielectrophoretic (DEP) chromatography device. The device consists of a cross-flow injector, similar to that used in a capillary electrophoresis chip, and an array of interdigitated microelectrodes for separation, to which radio-frequency voltage (/spl sim/5V, 1MHz) is applied. All liquid actuation is done by hydrostatic pressure. The sample is fed pulse-wise to the carrier flow using the cross-flow injector. The particles in the sample undergo the non-uniform field created by the electrode array, and more polarizable the particle is, the higher the chance of the trapping by DEP force becomes, and as a result, more delayed from the carrier flow. Thus, a separation depending on the size and the dielectric properties of the particle become possible. Using the device, the separation of 1) 0.1 /spl mu/m and 1.0 /spl mu/m latex particles, 2) 6.6kbp and 48.5kbp DNA, are experimentally demonstrated.
Child Development and Structural Variation in the Human Genome (2013)

Structural variation of the human genome sequence is the insertion, deletion, or rearrangement of stretches of DNA sequence sized from around 1,000 to millions of base pairs. Over the past few years, structural variation has been shown to be far more common in human genomes than previously thought. Very little is currently known about the effects of structural variation on normal child development, but such effects could be of considerable significance. This review provides an overview of the phenomenon of structural variation in the human genome sequence, describing the novel genomics technologies that are revolutionizing the way structural variation is studied and giving examples of genomic structural variations that affect child development.