gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MHC control of CD4+ T cell subset activation. (1989)

The present results demonstrate that CD4+ T cells activated in the primary in vivo response to antigen produce distinct patterns of cytokines depending upon the MHC class II haplotype of the responding mice. I-As mice were found to selectively activate IL-2/IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells, whereas I-Ab mice exhibited selective activation of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in response to collagen IV. The effector response phenotype was found to correlate with the cytokine phenotype of CD4+ T cells activated in vivo; IL-2/IFN-gamma-producing cells giving rise to proliferative (cell-mediated) responses, IL-4-producing cells leading to secondary IgG (humoral) responses. Together the data support the notion that the outcome of a given immune response (e.g., protection vs. onset, tolerance vs. autoimmunity) may be determined in part by the type of CD4+ T cells initially activated by antigen. Moreover, the present experiments demonstrate for the first time that polymorphism in class II MHC can determine such selective activation of different cytokine-producing CD4+ T cell phenotypes.
A Phase I Study of 17-Allylaminogeldanamycin in Relapsed/Refractory Pediatric Patients with Solid Tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Study (2007)

Drug exposures consistent with those required for anticancer activity in preclinical models were achieved without DLT. Evidence for drug-induced modulation of Hsp90 systemically was also detected. The recommended phase II dose of 17-AAG is 360 mg/m(2)/d. Non-DMSO-containing formulations may improve acceptance of this drug by children and their families.
Integrated molecular and immunophenotypic analysis of NK cells in anti-PD-1 treated metastatic melanoma patients (2018)

<b>Purpose</b>: Anti-PD-1 therapy has revolutionized the treatment and improved the survival of stage IV melanoma patients. However, almost half of the patients fail to respond due to immune evasive mechanism. A known mechanism is the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression, which prevents T cell recognition of the tumor. This study determined the relationship between natural killer (NK) cell numbers and clinical response to anti-PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma. <b>Experimental Design</b>: Twenty-five anti-PD-1 treated metastatic melanoma patients were categorized into responders (complete response (CR)/partial response (PR)/stable disease (SD) ≥ 6 mo, n = 13) and non-responders (SD < 6 days/progressive disease (PD), n = 12) based on RECIST response. Whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescent staining were performed on pre-treatment and on a subset of early during treatment tumor samples. Spatial distribution analysis was performed on multiplex immunofluorescent images to determine the proximity of NK cells to tumor cells. Flow cytometry was used to confirm NK phenotypes in lymph node metastases of treatment naïve melanoma patients (n = 5). Cytotoxic assay was performed using NK cells treated with anti-PD-1 or with isotype control and co-cultured with 3 different melanoma cell lines and with K562 cells (leukemia cell line). <b>Results</b>: Differential expression analysis identified nine upregulated NK cell specific genes (adjusted p < 0.05) in responding (n = 11) versus non-responding patients (n = 10). Immunofluorescent staining of biopsies confirmed a significantly higher density of intra- and peri-tumoral CD16+ and granzyme B + NK cells in responding patients (<i>p </i>< 0.05). Interestingly, NK cells were in closer proximity to tumor cells in responding PD-1 treated patients compared to non-responding patients. Patients who responded to anti-PD-1 therapy, despite MHC class I loss had higher NK cell densities than patients with low MHC class I expression. Lastly, functional assays demonstrated PD-1 blockade induces an increase in NK cells' cytotoxicity. <b>Conclusions</b>: A higher density of tumoral NK cells is associated with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. NK cells may play an important role in mediating response to anti-PD-1 therapy, including in a subset of tumors downregulating MHC class I expression.
Some properties of the signals involved in unirradiated zebrafish embryos rescuing α-particle irradiated zebrafish embryos (2014)

In conclusion, unirradiated zebrafish embryos need NO but not NO-induced damages to rescue α-particle irradiated zebrafish embryos.
Fast response digital PID control circuit for DC-DC converter (2010)

This paper presents a new fast response digital PID control circuit for dc-dc converter and its dynamic characteristics. In the conventional digital PID control method, the sampling rate is single and the calculation process of P-I-D control is series. On the other hand, in the proposed method, the sampling rate is divided each sampling period and the calculation process of P and I-D controls is parallel. The sampling interval and points for I-D control are same to the conventional method. However, the sampling point of P control is oversampling during the switching period of the converter. The simulation and experiment results of the output voltage against the step change of the load are discussed. As a result, it is revealed experimentally that the fast transient response is obtained. The convergence time of output voltage of proposed method is less than 1/3 of that of conventional one when the output smoothing capacitance becomes small.
Adhesion of Automotive Coatings to Low Surface Free Energy Substrates (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The advent of the increased plastic usage in automotive applications has initiated a concurrent upsurge of plastic types. With the estimated usage of 4.2 billion pounds of plastic per automobile by 1999 in the United States and 12 billion pounds of plastic in automotive use worldwide by 2005, the coatings specialist has seen increased demands on coating selection. This paper covers the use of low surface free energy plastics, in particular thermoplastic olefins (TPO) which will account for 20 percent of the plastics utilized in the transportation industry, and discusses the variety of pretreatments used to gain adhesion to TPO. New coatings methods for adhesion “direct” to thermoplastic olefins are briefly described.&lt;/div&gt;
Induction of Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis by an Essential Oil from <i>Tanacetum gracile</i> (2008)

The essential oil of Tanacetum gracile (Accession no. AT-01 termed AT-01 in the manuscript), a cold desert alpine highly aromatic herb, has 40 constituents including lavendulol (21.5 %), lavendulol acetate (1.7 %), alpha-pinene (11.2 %), 1,8-cineole (15.2 %), CIS-beta-ocimene (6.9 %), borneol (6.1 %), limonene (5.1 %) and chamazulene (3.7 %). AT-01 was evaluated for its anticancer activity. It inhibited HL-60 cell proliferation with an IC (50) of 27 microg/mL. Furthermore, AT-01 induced apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells as measured by several biological end points. AT-01 induced apoptotic body formation, enhanced annexinV-FITC binding of the cells, increased sub-G (0) DNA fraction, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi (mt)) and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activated caspase-9 as well as caspase-3, and increased cleavage of PARP in HL-60 cells. Thus, AT-01 induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial dependent pathway in HL-60 cells.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVENTIONAL AND PROTOTYPE HUMIDIFIERS AND NEBULIZERS (1975)

KLEIN, E. F.; SHAH, D. A.; SHAH, N. J.; MODELL, J. H.; DESAUTELS, D.; Fairley, H. Barrie M.B., B.S. Author Information
Abstract 2698: The parametric response map as an imaging biomarker for identifying progression from pseudoprogression in glioma patients (2010)

Abstract We assessed whether a new method of quantifying therapeutic-associated hemodynamic alterations may help to distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression in patients with high grade glioma. Patients from a prospective IRB-approved trial with high grade glioma received concurrent chemoradiation. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and blood flow (rCBF) maps were acquired prior and at week 3 mid-treatment. Pseudoprogression was defined as imaging changes 1-3 months after chemoradiation that mimic tumor progression but stabilized or improved without change in treatment or for which resection revealed radiation effects only. Clinical and conventional MR parameters, including average percent change of rCBV and CBF, were evaluated as potential predictors of pseudoprogression. Parametric response map (PRM), an innovative, voxel-by-voxel method of image analysis, was also performed. Median radiation dose was 72 Gy (range: 60-81). Of 27 patients, stable disease/partial response was noted in 13 and apparent progression in 14. Adjuvant temozolomide was continued in all patients. Pseudoprogression occurred in 6 patients. Based upon PRM analysis, a significant portion of the tumor volume had reduced rCBV (PRMrCBV) at week 3 in patients with progressive disease compared to those with pseudoprogression (p&amp;lt;0.01). In contrast, change in average percent rCBV or rCBF, MR tumor volume changes, age, extent of resection, and RTOG RPA classification did not distinguish progression from pseudoprogression. PRMrCBV at week 3 during chemoradiation is a potential early imaging biomarker of response that may be helpful in distinguishing pseudoprogression from true progression in glioma patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2698.
On Optimum Causal Cognitive Spectrum Reutilization Strategy (2012)

In this paper we study opportunistic transmission strategies for cognitive radios (CR) in which causal noisy observation from a primary user (PU) state is available. The PU is assumed to be operating in a slotted manner, according to a two-state Markov model. The objective is to maximize utilization ratio (UR), i.e., the relative number of the PU-idle slots that are used by CR, subject to interference ratio (IR), i.e., the relative number of the PU-active slots that are used by the CR, below a certain level. We introduce an a-posteriori LLR-based cognitive transmission strategy and show that this strategy is optimum in the sense of maximizing UR given a certain maximum allowed IR. Two methods for calculating threshold for this strategy in practical situations are presented. One of them performs well in higher SNRs but might have too large IR at low SNRs and low PU activity levels, and the other is proven to never violate the allowed IR at the price of a reduced UR. In addition, an upper-bound for the UR of any CR strategy operating in the presence of Markovian PU is presented. Simulation results have shown a more than 116% improvement in UR at SNR of -3dB and IR level of 10% with PU state estimation. Thus, this opportunistic CR mechanism possesses a high potential in practical scenarios in which there exists no information about true states of PU.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS AND SELECTED PERCENTAGES OF ONE REPETITION MAXIMUM IN FREE WEIGHT EXERCISES IN TRAINED AND UNTRAINED MEN (2006)

Resistance exercise intensity is commonly prescribed as a percent of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). However, the relationship between percent 1RM and the number of repetitions allowed remains poorly studied, especially using free weight exercises. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximal number of repetitions that trained (T) and untrained (UT) men can perform during free weight exercises at various percentages of 1RM. Eight T and 8 UT men were tested for 1RM strength. Then, subjects performed 1 set to failure at 60, 80, and 90% of 1RM in the back squat, bench press, and arm curl in a randomized, balanced design. There was a significant (p < 0.05) intensity × exercise interaction. More repetitions were performed during the back squat than the bench press or arm curl at 60% 1RM for T and UT. At 80 and 90% 1RM, there were significant differences between the back squat and other exercises; however, differences were much less pronounced. No differences in number of repetitions performed at a given exercise intensity were noted between T and UT (except during bench press at 90% 1RM). In conclusion, the number of repetitions performed at a given percent of 1RM is influenced by the amount of muscle mass used during the exercise, as more repetitions can be performed during the back squat than either the bench press or arm curl. Training status of the individual has a minimal impact on the number of repetitions performed at relative exercise intensity.
A Novel Color Visual Cryptography Approach Based on Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm (2023)

Hundreds of millions of people worldwide use computing devices and services, including smartphones, laptops, and messaging apps. Visual cryptography (VC) is one of the most secure encryption methods for image encryption in many applications, such as voting security, online transaction security, and privacy protection. An essential step in VC is encrypting secret images into multiple digital shares to hide them with the intention of successfully reverting them to their original form. Hence, a single share cannot reveal information about the secret image. Issues including pixel enlargement, high processing costs, and low decryption quality influence the current state of VC. We address these issues by introducing a novel technique based on (2, 2) secret sharing and the algorithm of Harris hawks optimization (HHO) for color photos. For the encryption process, the appropriate color levels are determined using the HHO algorithm. Consequently, images are decrypted with improved quality and a small impact on the overall processing complexity. The suggested scheme is also non-expandable due to the equal size of the initial secret image and the shared images. This results in lower memory requirements and improved image quality. The approach is applied to a set of well-known benchmark images. Moreover, a set of standard metrics is used to assess the robustness of the proposed scheme, including its capability in defending against cryptanalytic attacks, a correlation, a histogram, and the quality of encryption. According to the findings, the proposed solution provides better reconstructed image quality, time-efficient encryption, and nearly optimal statistical properties compared to previous approaches.
Metal Salt-Catalyzed Addition of Lithium Enolates of Ketones to 1,2-Epoxides. An Efficient Route to α-Alkyl-γ-Hydroxy Ketones (1996)

Sc(OTf)3 (10% mol) is a particularly effective catalyst in promoting the addn. reaction of lithium enolates of ketones to 1,2-epoxides to afford in good yield γ-hydroxy ketones. The diastereoselectivity of the catalyzed addn. reactions of enolate (Z)-LiOCPh:CHMe, derived from propiophenone, and the enolate derived from α-tetralone to propene oxide and cyclohexene oxide turned out to be poor, showing only a weak preference for the syn adduct.
Purification and Structural Characterization of Aggregation-Prone Human TDP-43 Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2020)

Mislocalization, cleavage, and aggregation of the human protein TDP-43 is found in many neurodegenerative diseases. As is the case with many other proteins that are completely or partially structurally disordered, production of full-length recombinant TDP-43 in the quantities necessary for structural characterization has proved difficult. We show that the full-length TDP-43 protein and two truncated N-terminal constructs 1-270 and 1-263 can be heterologously expressed in E. coli. Full-length TDP-43 could be prevented from aggregation during purification using a detergent. Crystals grown from an N-terminal construct (1-270) revealed only the N-terminal domain (residues 1-80) with molecules arranged as parallel spirals with neighboring molecules arranged in head-to-tail fashion. To obtain detergent-free, full-length TDP-43 we mutated all six tryptophan residues to alanine. This provided sufficient soluble protein to collect small-angle X-ray scattering data. Refining relative positions of individual domains and intrinsically disordered regions against this data yielded a model of full-length TDP-43.
The impact of energy constraints on the medium access (2011)

Contemporary mobile devices are battery powered and due to their shrinking size and increasing complexity operate on a tight energy budget. Thus, energy consumption is becoming one of the major concerns regarding the current and upcoming wireless communication systems. On the other hand, the available bandwidth resources are limited and modern applications are throughput demanding, leading thus to strong competition for the medium. In this direction, we consider a stochastic contention based medium access scheme, where the devices may choose to turn off for some time in order to save energy. We perform an analysis for a slotted ALOHA scenario and we show that the energy constraints, if properly exploited, may reduce contention for the medium. Our results give valuable insights on the energy--throughput tradeoff for any contention based system.
HOT SPOT GENERATION IN ENERGETIC MATERIALS BY APPLYING WEAK ENERGIES (2013)

Author Institution: School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
Night-time dehazing by fusion (2016)

We introduce an effective technique to enhance night-time hazy scenes. Our technique builds on multi-scale fusion approach that use several inputs derived from the original image. Inspired by the dark-channel [1] we estimate night-time haze computing the airlight component on image patch and not on the entire image. We do this since under night-time conditions, the lighting generally arises from multiple artificial sources, and is thus intrinsically non-uniform. Selecting the size of the patches is non-trivial, since small patches are desirable to achieve fine spatial adaptation to the atmospheric light, this might also induce poor light estimates and reduced chance of capturing hazy pixels. For this reason, we deploy multiple patch sizes, each generating one input to a multiscale fusion process. Moreover, to reduce the glowing effect and emphasize the finest details, we derive a third input. For each input, a set of weight maps are derived so as to assign higher weights to regions of high contrast, high saliency and small saturation. Finally the derived inputs and the normalized weight maps are blended in a multi-scale fashion using a Laplacian pyramid decomposition. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach compared with recent techniques both in terms of computational efficiency and quality of the outputs.
Preparation and physical properties of tricalcium phosphate laminates for bone‐tissue engineering (2007)

This article describes the processing and characterization of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) laminates fabricated by stacking individual TCP sheets for bone-tissue engineering. In particular, the influences of sintering temperature (900, 1000, 1100, or 1200 degrees C) on the physical properties of TCP laminates are discussed. After sintering the TCP laminates, we confirmed from the X-ray diffraction pattern that beta-TCP was transformed to alpha-TCP at a temperature between 1100 and 1200 degrees C. The Vickers hardness value increased with increasing sintering temperature, up to 1200 degrees C. Meanwhile, both flexural strength and modulus increased with increasing sintering temperature up to 1100 degrees C, but decreased massively when the laminates were sintered at 1200 degrees C. Additionally, field-emission scanning electron microscope observation after flexural test showed interlaminar delamination in the TCP laminates sintered at 1200 degrees C, whereas interlaminar delamination was not observed in TCP laminates sintered at 900, 1000, and 1100 degrees C. Accordingly, this explains the massive reduction in flexural properties at a sintering temperature of 1200 degrees C. The results of this investigation indicate that the physical properties of TCP laminates strongly depend upon the sintering temperatures, so that the choice of sintering temperature is an important factor for successful bone-tissue engineering applications of TCP laminates.
Dual-antiferroelectric liquid crystal display with high transmittance efficiency and no dispersion (2003)

When an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) cell is set between crossed polarizers for optical modulators or displays, it has low transmittance efficiency. This happens because AFLC materials have inherent tilt angles of typically 18 to 38 deg, not 45 deg. To improve the low transmittance efficiency, we propose a new optical configuration for antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays or devices, which also improves color dispersion. It consists of two crossed antiferroelectric liquid crystal cells. The characteristics of this dual-antiferroelectric liquid crystal display are simulated and experimented.
Role of a microbore capillary column in the development of a portable gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer (1992)

Abstract For the development of a portable gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer (GC‐MS) system, drastic reduction in the carrier gas load is necessary in order to minimize the pumping requirements of the mass spectrometer. Two approaches were investigated for achieving this. The first involved the use of a palladium‐hydrogen interface and was found not to be viable due to its chemical reactivity. The second utilized a short microbore capillary column (3−m × 50−μm i.d.). The small cross‐sectional area of the column reduced the gas load into the MS and yielded sharp chromatographic peaks possessing full‐widths at half‐height in the range of 200–600 ms from a mixture of priority pollutants. Good column efficiency (&gt; 2.3 × 10 4 theoretical plates/meter for k of 10) and resolution were observed, and analyses were completed within a few minutes. Mass spectral measurements were performed with a miniaturized focal plane mass spectrograph having an integrating array detector. Because this system detects (integrates) ions of all masses simultaneously and continuously, short data acquisition times can be used to measure several spectra per gas chromatographic peak without loss in sensitivity. Such time‐resolved mass spectral measurements were applied to the separation and identification of benzene and carbon tetrachloride which coeluted from the column. Our results show that a short microbore capillary column in conjunction with a miniaturized mass spectrograph and an array detector is eminently suited for the development of a field portable GC‐MS system of high performance.
Supplementary table 1 from Focal Adhesion Kinase Regulates the DNA Damage Response and Its Inhibition Radiosensitizes Mutant &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. The table shows the mutations reported by the COSMIC database for every cell line used in our study.&lt;/p&gt;