gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV Infection and AIDS: Recommendations to the President-Elect (2019)

The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its most severe manifestation, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), will claim over 200,000 lives. HIV transmission occurs through sexual contact, the use of contaminated needles or syringes, exposure to infected blood or blood products, transplantation of infected tissue or organs, and from mother to child either across the placenta or during delivery. Educational efforts to foster and sustain behavioral change are the only practical means available to stem the spread of HIV infection. The ability to detect antibody to HIV has prompted various proposals for testing individuals and screening populations for evidence of HIV infection. However, these proposals must be assessed carefully to evaluate what they might add to interventions that are possible in the absence of testing. The rationale for US involvement in international AIDS activities is more broadly based than the protection of US troops and tourists.
ChemInform Abstract: JBIR‐26 (I), a Novel Natural Compound from Streptomyces sp. AK‐AH76, Regulates Mammalian Circadian Clock. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<i>Nesidiocoris tenuis</i> as a pest in Northwest Europe: Intervention threshold and influence of <i>Pepino mosaic</i> virus (2020)

Abstract The use of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) as a biocontrol agent is controversial as it is considered a pest in Northwest European tomato greenhouses, due to its tendency to damage the plant and fruit. Necessary chemical plant protection products to control N . tenuis have toxic side effects on important beneficials like Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae), which jeopardizes the whole IPM programme. In this study, several commercial tomato greenhouses were monitored for mirid populations. The relationship between the number of N. tenuis individuals and plant damage was assessed in function of availability of prey and interaction with M. pygmaeus . These greenhouse data were used to determine a practical density intervention threshold. Next, the hypothesis that a Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) infection increases plant and fruit damage by N. tenuis (as has been shown for M. pygmaeus ) was tested. Plant damage occurred when the average number of predatory bugs in the head of the plant exceeded 16 per ten plants. Plant damage increased in severity at increasing predatory bug densities, independent of the availability of prey and M. pygmaeus presence. Plant and fruit damage were not affected by the presence of PepMV, as was shown for fruit damage in previous studies for M. pygmaeus . Our study provides a practical density intervention threshold for growers in greenhouse crops. Simple monitoring of the number of predatory bugs in the head of the plant can be used to take specific biocontrol actions. It was also shown that only the predatory bug N. tenuis itself causes damage, and there is no interaction with PepMV.
Millimeter wave attenuation prediction using a piecewise uniform rain rate model (1980)

A piecewise uniform rain rate distribution model is introduced as a quasi-physical model of real rain along earth-space millimeter wave propagation paths. It permits calculation of the total attenuation from specific attenuation in a simple fashion. The model predications are verified by comparison with direct attenuation measurements for several frequencies, elevation angles, and locations. Also, coupled with the Rice-- Holmberg rain rate model, attenuation statistics are predicated from rainfall accumulation data.
Long-range polarimetric imaging through fog (2014)

We report an experimental implementation of long-range polarimetric imaging through fog over kilometric distance in real field atmospheric conditions. An incoherent polarized light source settled on a telecommunication tower is imaged at a distance of 1.3 km with a snapshot polarimetric camera including a birefringent Wollaston prism, allowing simultaneous acquisition of two images along orthogonal polarization directions. From a large number of acquisitions datasets and under various environmental conditions (clear sky/fog/haze, day/night), we compare the efficiency of using polarized light for source contrast increase with different signal representations (intensity, polarimetric difference, polarimetric contrast, etc.). With the limited-dynamics detector used, a maximum fourfold increase in contrast was demonstrated under bright background illumination using polarimetric difference image.
Structure of the Soluble Domain of Cytochrome <i>f</i> from the Cyanobacterium <i>Phormidium laminosum</i><sup>,</sup> (1999)

Cytochrome f from the photosynthetic cytochrome b(6)f complex is unique among c-type cytochromes in its fold and heme ligation. The 1. 9-A crystal structure of the functional, extrinsic portion of cytochrome f from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum demonstrates that an unusual buried chain of five water molecules is remarkably conserved throughout the biological range of cytochrome f from cyanobacteria to plants [Martinez et al. (1994) Structure 2, 95-105]. Structure and sequence conservation of the cytochrome f extrinsic portion is concentrated at the heme, in the buried water chain, and in the vicinity of the transmembrane helix anchor. The electrostatic surface potential is variable, so that the surface of P. laminosum cytochrome f is much more acidic than that from turnip. Cytochrome f is unrelated to cytochrome c(1), its functional analogue in the mitochondrial respiratory cytochrome bc(1) complex, although other components of the b(6)f and bc(1) complexes are homologous. Identical function of the two complexes is inferred for events taking place at sites of strong sequence conservation. Conserved sites throughout the entire cytochrome b(6)f/bc(1) family include the cluster-binding domain of the Rieske protein and the heme b and quinone-binding sites on the electrochemically positive side of the membrane within the b cytochrome, but not the putative quinone-binding site on the electrochemically negative side.
Synthesis, molecular and electronic structure of Ru3 isomeric clusters carrying C8 rings bonded in allenylic and acetylenic modes (1997)

The two new cluster complexes [Ru 3 H 2 (CO) 9 (C 8 H 10 )] 1 and [Ru 3 H(CO) 9 (C 8 H 11 )] 2 have been isolated as the products of thermolysis of [Ru 3 (CO) 12 ] in octane containing cycloocta-1,3-diene. The two species are structural isomers ideally differing only in the transfer of one hydrogen atom from the organic ligand to the metal core. The organic ligand in 2 is bonded in an allenyl µ 3 -η 3 fashion, the first allenylic bonded ring system to have been reported, whereas in 1 the ligand is, more conventionally, bound in µ 3 -η 2 fashion with the second unsaturated CC bond not involved in bonding to the cluster. The solid-state structures of 1 and 2 have been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The bonding of the organic ligands in the clusters has been investigated by molecular orbital calculations of the extended-Hückel type.
Reduction of elevated lipids and low‐density lipoprotein oxidation in serum of individuals with subclinical hypoxia and oxidative stress supplemented with lycosome formulation of docosahexaenoic acid (2019)

Thirty two individuals aged 40-65 years old with a moderate hyperlipidemia (serum triglycerides > 150 mg/dl and LDL from 130 to 160 mg/dl) were supplemented once daily for 30 days with a 250 mg conventional formulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) without lycopene (CF-DHA) or 250 mg of lycosome-formulated DHA containing 7 mg of lycopene (LF-DHA). It was shown that ingestion of CF-DHA led to a transient increase in serum DHA level after 2 weeks of the trial, whereas LF-DHA did not cause significant changes in serum DHA. However, there was a noticeable increase in serum eicosapentaenoic acid levels exceeding the pretreatment value by 42.8% and 39.1% after the 2nd and 4th weeks of LF-DHA ingestion. Patients supplemented with LF-DHA showed a significant (19.5 mg/dl, <i>p</i> < 0.05) decline in LDL, which was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in total serum cholesterol and a much stronger reduction in serum triglyceride levels (reduction of medians by 27.5 mg/dl). No changes in HDL were observed. LF-DHA caused a significant decline in the serum level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), whereas the components of LF-DHA, lycopene and DHA, ingested as two separate formulations had a less significant effect on serum MDA. Moreover, LF-DHA increased both the plasma oxygen transport and tissue oxygen saturation by the end of the observational period, while lycopene or DHA taken alone, or both of them co-ingested separately had none or a much less effect on the oxygen turnover parameters.
Cloning of genes encoding a 15,000-dalton peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein and an antigenically related 15,000-dalton protein from Haemophilus influenzae (1988)

We have cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli a gene encoding a 15,000-apparent-molecular-weight peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein (PAL) of Haemophilus influenzae. The nucleotide sequence of this gene encodes an open reading frame of 153 codons with a predicted mature protein of 134 amino acids. The amino acid composition and sequence of the predicted mature protein agree with the chemically determined composition and partial amino acid sequence of PAL purified from H. influenzae outer membranes. We have also identified a second gene from H. influenzae that encodes a second 15,000-apparent-molecular-weight protein which is recognized by antiserum against PAL. This protein has been shown to be a lipoprotein. The nucleotide sequence of this gene encodes an open reading frame of 154 codons with a predicted mature protein of 136 amino acids and has limited sequence homology with that of the gene encoding PAL. Southern hybridization analysis indicates that both genes exist as single copies in H. influenzae chromosomal DNA. Both genes encode polypeptides which have amino-terminal sequences similar to those of reported membrane signal peptides and are associated primarily with the outer membrane when expressed in E. coli.
SU‐E‐T‐465: Implementation of An Automated Collision Detection Program Using Open Source Software for the Pinnacle Treatment Planning System (2015)

Purpose: Potential collisions between the gantry head and the patient or table assembly are difficult to detect in most treatment planning systems. We have developed and implemented a novel software package for the representation of potential gantry collisions with the couch assembly at the time of treatment planning. Methods: Physical dimensions of the Varian Edge linear accelerator treatment head were measured and reproduced using the Visual Python display package. A script was developed for the Pinnacle treatment planning system to generate a file with the relevant couch, gantry, and isocenter positions for each beam in a planning trial. A python program was developed to parse the information from the TPS and produce a representative model of the couch/gantry system. Using the model and the Visual Python libraries, a rendering window is generated for each beam that allows the planner to evaluate the possibility of a collision. Results: Comparison against heuristic methods and direct verification on the machine validated the collision model generated by the software. Encounters of &lt;1 cm between the gantry treatment head and table were visualized as collisions in our virtual model. Visual windows were created depicting the angle of collision for each beam, including the anticipated table coordinates. Visual rendering of a 6 arc trial with multiple couch positions was completed in under 1 minute, with network bandwidth being the primary bottleneck. Conclusion: The developed software allows for quick examination of possible collisions during the treatment planning process and helps to prevent major collisions prior to plan approval. The software can easily be implemented on future planning systems due to the versatility and platform independence of the Python programming language. Further integration of the software with the treatment planning system will allow the possibility of patient‐gantry collision detection for a range of treatment machines.
Diaryl Hydrazones as Multifunctional Inhibitors of Amyloid Self-Assembly (2013)

The design and application of an effective, new class of multifunctional small molecule inhibitors of amyloid self-assembly are described. Several compounds based on the diaryl hydrazone scaffold were designed. Forty-four substituted derivatives of this core structure were synthesized using a variety of benzaldehydes and phenylhydrazines and characterized. The inhibitor candidates were evaluated in multiple assays, including the inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrillogenesis and oligomer formation and the reverse processes, the disassembly of preformed fibrils and oligomers. Because the structure of the hydrazone-based inhibitors mimics the redox features of the antioxidant resveratrol, the radical scavenging effect of the compounds was evaluated by colorimetric assays against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radicals. The hydrazone scaffold was active in all of the different assays. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the substituents on the aromatic rings had a considerable effect on the overall activity of the compounds. The inhibitors showed strong activity in fibrillogenesis inhibition and disassembly, and even greater potency in the inhibition of oligomer formation and oligomer disassembly. Supporting the quantitative fluorometric and colorimetric assays, size exclusion chromatographic studies indicated that the best compounds practically eliminated or substantially inhibited the formation of soluble, aggregated Aβ species, as well. Atomic force microscopy was also applied to monitor the morphology of Aβ deposits. The compounds also possessed the predicted antioxidant properties; approximately 30% of the synthesized compounds showed a radical scavenging effect equal to or better than that of resveratrol or ascorbic acid.
ROHC+: a new header compression scheme for TCP streams in 3G wireless systems (2003)

An actual trend in the telecommunication world is the proposal of a universal telecommunication system deriving from the convergence between mobile telephony and the Internet. Such a system will presumably exploit both wired and wireless parts, a network platform totally based on a TCP/IP architecture. However, the encapsulation process of TCP/IP layers produces packets whose payload size, for particular services, is a small percentage of the whole packet size (high overhead-services), so that, a significant part of radio channel bandwidth (the most expensive and limited resource of the whole wireless system) is used for header transmission. For these reasons it is of primary importance for the adoption of a header compression scheme to be able to reduce the protocol overhead with the aim to make economically feasible and physically realizable the implementation of high overhead-services. In this paper a new header compression scheme for TCP streams, as a specific header compression profile within the ROHC platform, is proposed and analyzed. This new header compression scheme is based on the distinct management of data and acknowledgment streams associated to the TCP stream. To reduce error propagation, a robust encoding technique (W-LSB) and the synergy between three repair mechanisms for damaged compressed packets have been suggested. Thus, headers up to 40-60 bytes can be compressed to 4-6 bytes with great benefits on cost and quality of service (QoS).
Synthesis and In Silico Docking Study towards M-Pro of Novel Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from Pyrazolopyrimidinone as Putative SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors (2022)

In addition to vaccines, antiviral drugs are essential in order to suppress COVID-19. Although some inhibitor candidates have been determined to target the SARS-CoV-2 protein, there is still an urgent need to continue researching novel inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease 'Omicron P132H', a protein that has recently been discovered. In the present study, in the search for therapeutic alternatives to treat COVID-19 and its recent variants, we conducted a structure-based virtual screening using docking studies for a new series of pyrazolo[3,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4(5<i>H</i>)-one derivatives <b>5</b>-<b>13</b>, which were synthesized from the condensation reaction of pyrazolopyrimidinone-hydrazide (<b>4</b>) with a series of electrophiles. Some significant ADMET predictions-in addition to the docking results-were obtained based on the types of interactions formed and the binding energy values were compared to the reference anti- SARS-CoV-2 redocked drug nirmatrelvir.
PolySia-Specific Retargeting of Oncolytic Viruses Triggers Tumor-Specific Immune Responses and Facilitates Therapy of Disseminated Lung Cancer (2015)

Polysialic acid (polySia) is expressed on several malignant tumors of neuroendocrine origin, including small cell lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of tumor-directed T-cell responses, elicited by polySia-retargeted oncolytic adenovirus infection, in an orthotopic murine model of disseminated polySia-positive lung cancer. In several cell lines, we demonstrated highly polySia-selective retargeting of adenoviral infection using a bispecific adapter comprising the ectodomain of the coxsackievirus/adenovirus receptor and a polySia-recognizing single-chain antibody domain. PolySia-dependent systemic infection in vivo facilitated effective uptake of viruses in subcutaneous polySia-expressing human tumors, whereas hepatic viral load and hepatotoxicity were significantly reduced. The impact and nature of antitumoral immune responses triggered by systemic delivery of polySia-retargeted oncolytic adenoviruses were investigated in an orthotopic model of disseminated lung cancer. Interestingly, improved transduction by polySia-retargeted oncolytic adenoviruses led to CD45-positive cell infiltrates in close association with large lytic areas. Consistently, enhanced tumor regression and prolonged survival was only observed in immunocompetent mice, but not in T-cell-deficient mice. To investigate whether improved systemic infection by polySia retargeting would elicit a tumor-specific T-cell response, we screened the used lung cancer cells for mutated oncogenes by complete exon sequencing. In agreement with our other results, only retargeted oncolysis was able to induce a significant response specific for the tumor-associated neoepitope Gsta2-Y9H. In conclusion, we demonstrated that effective retargeting of oncolytic adenovirus against polySia-expressing tumors elicits an effective tumor-directed T-cell response after systemic virus delivery and facilitates therapy of disseminated lung cancer.
La fibre optique microstructurée air-silice (2005)

Les fibres microstructurées air-silice (MAS), apparues dans le milieu des années 1990 ont démontré un potentiel d’applications extrêmement vaste et ce dans des domaines très variés allant des télécommunications à la biophotonique en passant par les capteurs ou les sources laser. La fibre optique mic
Resistance to Urinary Tract Infection (1993)

The healthy urinary tract is usually able to resist bacterial infection. However, urinary tract infections may occur in all age groups. The frequency is greater in women than in men, who are predominantly affected as children and in old age. A certain proportion of those with a first urinary tract infection will have recurrent infections. The mechanisms of host resistance, or rather the defects that might explain the increased susceptibility of certain persons to urinary tract infection, have been sought by analysis of the infection-prone groups. Conditions that impair urinary flow are known to predispose patients to infection. These include . . .
Amorphous Si-rich tungsten silicide with a low work function near the conduction band edge of Si (2020)

The capacitance–voltage characteristics of MOS capacitors and ab initio theoretical calculations revealed that an amorphous film composed of WSin clusters (n = 6−12) had a low effective work function of 4.0 eV on SiO2 with excellent thermal stability up to 600 °C. In Si Schottky diodes with WSin insertion, the electron Schottky barrier height (SBH) was 0.58 eV for n = 6 and reduced to 0.45 eV when n = 12. The n-dependency of SBH was attributed to the surface passivation of WSin becoming more effective as n increased, with annealing leading to a lower value of 0.32 eV.
Application of New Diesel Aftertreatment Strategies on a Production 1.9 L Common-Rail Turbocharged Engine (2002)

&lt;span class="label"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An experimental study has been carried out on a production vehicle by means of roller-bench emission tests in order to optimize alternative aftertreatment systems. To this aim different comparisons between the production exhaust system and new strategies are discussed in the present paper with aid of both modal emission data and bag tailpipe figures.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The present work shows the application of a alternative solution that complies with future emission legislation with regard both to HC, CO, NOx and PM without any major engine power output or fuel consumption penalty.&lt;/div&gt;
Convenient Preparation of 18F-Labeled Peptide Probes for Potential Claudin-4 PET Imaging (2017)

Since pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed in a late state of cancer development, diagnostic opportunities allowing early disease detection are highly sought after. As such, cancer expression of claudin proteins is markedly dysregulated, making it an attractive target for molecular imaging like positron emission tomography (PET). Claudins are a family of transmembrane proteins that have a pivotal role as members of the tight junctions. In particular, claudin-3 and claudin-4 are frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. <sup>18</sup>F-Labeled claudin selective peptides would provide access to a novel kind of imaging tools for pancreatic cancer. In this work we describe the synthesis of the first <sup>18</sup>F-labeled probes potentially suitable for PET imaging of claudin-4 expression. These probes were prepared using oxime ligation of 5-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-5-deoxyribose (5-[<sup>18</sup>F]FDR) to claudin selective peptides. As a proof-of-principle, one of them, 5-[<sup>18</sup>F]FDR-Clone 27, was isolated in >98% radiochemical purity and in 15% radiochemical yield (EOB) within 98 min, and with a molar activity of 4.0 GBq/μmol (for 30 MBq of tracer). Moreover, we present first biological data for the prepared 5-FDR-conjugates. These tracers could pave the way for an early diagnosis of pancreatic tumor, and thus improve the outcome of anticancer therapy.