gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Area under the inhibitory curve and a pneumonia scoring system for predicting outcomes of vancomycin therapy for respiratory infections by Staphylococcus aureus (2000)

Treatment factors predictive of clinical and microbiological outcomes and the relationship between a pneumonia scoring system and clinical outcomes in vancomycin-treated patients with a Staphylococcus aureus-associated lower-respiratory-tract infection (LRTI) were studied. A computer database review identified patients for whom S. aureus was isolated from a respiratory-tract specimen between January 1 and December 31, 1998, and who had antimicrobials ordered within 72 hours of isolation of that organism. Through further review of individual patient charts, this group was restricted to those treated with vancomycin for a documented S. aureus-associated LRTI. Classification-and-regression-tree (CART) modeling was performed to determine which clinical variables were correlated with clinical outcomes and microbiological outcomes. Median changes in clinical pneumonia scores from baseline in two patient groups (those with clinical success and those with clinical failure) were compared. Seventy patients met the study criteria. CART modeling found that both outcomes were associated with area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC). The pneumonia scoring system was predictive of eventual clinical success as early as day 3 of treatment; having at least a 4-point decrease in the pneumonia score by day 3 was correlated with an 87% clinical success rate. Both AUIC and a pneumonia scoring system were useful for predicting clinical and microbiological outcomes of vancomycin therapy in patients with LRTIs caused by S. aureus.
[A case report of chronic traumatic thoracic aneurysm (thrombotic closure type) which appeared as a mediastinal tumor in preoperative findings]. (1995)

Chronic traumatic thoracic aneurysm is considered to be an uncommon disease. A case of 59-year-old man who had a history of blunt chest trauma with a traffic accident thirty years ago is reported. He has no symptoms and no signs since the accident. The roentogenogram of his chest showed widening of upper mediastinum, but aortography did not reveal the aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic arch. CT and MRI study showed an inhomogenous mediastinal tumor simulating neoplasm neighboring the aortic arch. At surgery, it was found to be a thoracic semispherical pseudo-aneurysm (thrombotic closure type) measuring 3 cm diameter with slightly hard fibrous tissue contained aseptic brownish fluids. Following partial clamping of the aorta, the thoracic pseudo-aneurysm was opened and the direct closure of the aortic tear with teflon felt was performed. It is important to check the presence of the thoracic pseudo-aneurysm for following-up the patient after the thoracic trauma.
&lt;i&gt;Bacillus thuringiensis&lt;/i&gt; 4R2 toxin proteins induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;PC-3 (A), MCF-7 (B), HepG2 (C) and HIESC (D) cells were treated with &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;thuringiensis&lt;/i&gt; 4R2 toxin proteins (1μg/mL (B) or 2μg/mL (A,C,D)) for 24 h. Annexin V and PI staining was detected by FACS analysis. Results are mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments. *P&lt;0.05 compared with corresponding mock-treated cells.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;title&gt;Characteristic matrix of anisotropic coupling gap&lt;/title&gt; (2007)

The characteristic matrix <b>T</b> and total matrix <b>M</b> have been determined for isotropic prism coupling gap and anisotropic one with magnetic ordering in linear magneto-optical approximation. On the base of these matrices the reflection and transmission coefficients of structure have been specified. The effect of gap thickness, index of refraction and linear transverse anisotropy of coupling media is discussed. Special attention is devoted to the ultra-thin approximation.
Heat Dissipation Analysis under Natural Convection Condition on High Power LED (2013)

variation;ansys As the technology downscales with superior power and increased package density, the thermal effects of the high power LED are significant. Thus, the operating junction temperature of the high power light emitting diodes has to be reduced. In this paper, evaluation on single chip high power light emitting was done. The prime motive of this work was to assess the effect of heat slug size on the junction temperature and stress of LED chip under natural convection condition at ambient temperature of 25°C. Two sizes of rectangular heat slug were used. Simulation was carried out using Ansys version 11. Input power of 0.1W and 1W was applied to LED. Simulated results indicated that a larger slug size is favorable for a lower operating junction temperature and stress of the LED chip.
Combined Action of Inhibitors of S‐Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase with an Antimalarial Drug, Chloroquine, on <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (1997)

Methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone), (MGBG) a potent competitive inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity, Berenil, a trypanocidal agent and chloroquine, the commonly used antimalarial resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. The IC50 values of MGBG, Berenil and chloroquine were 224 microM, 40 microM and 42 nM respectively. Parasites treated with different concentrations of MGBG or Berenil were arrested at the trophozoite stage of the erythrocytic cycle. The combined action of chloroquine (10 nM) with either Berenil (0.1 mM) or MGBG (0.1 mM) on P. falciparum growth showed an additive inhibitory effect. The effect of these inhibitors alone and in combination on polyamine biosynthesis is also reported.
Effects of Multiple Slice Epitaxy and Front End Processing on Generation Threshold Current in Bubble Memory Devices (1981)

The factors affecting generate threshold current, Ig, (the minimum current required to reliably nucleate a bubble under a hairpin generator) are reviewed. Ig data are presented for bubble memory devices fabricated using garnet (1) epitaxial films with nominal bubble sizes of 5.3 and 3.8 microns. Where multiple slice epitaxy employing large vertical stacks (up to 16 singly spaced slices/stack) is used, it is found that Ig measured on an aluminum generator without overlying Permalloy elements or passivation is shown to depend on position in the epitaxy stack, decreasing by as much as 4 mA (1%) per slice position with increasing depth of slices in the melt. In contrast, slices ion milled to remove a 0.4 micron thick surface layer show no dependence of Ig on stack position. Removal of the surface layer has the additional effect of significantly decreasing the variation of Ig across a slice by up to 67%. These observations are interpreted in terms of the existence of a low anisotropy surface layer approximately 0.2–0.5 microns thick grown as slices are slowly withdrawn from the epi melt without rotation. The properties of this layer are discussed. In particular, the layer is shown to have a lower anisotropy than the bulk film, and it is estimated that the growth rate appropriate to the surface layer is approximately 20% of the value for normal film growth (0.4–1.0 microns/min). Finally the dependence of Ig on subsequent front end processing is presented, and it is shown that the Ig value measured on an aluminum generator without overlying oxide and Permalloy is reduced by approximately 30% after subsequent oxide and Permalloy processing steps.
Modeling of Magnetic Enhancement of Homogeneous Electron Transfer Reactions (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Economic Growth of the Agricultural Firm (1977)

This bulletin summarizes the work of the Western Regional Research Committee on Economic Growth of the Agricultural Firm (W-104, July 1, 1968 to June 30, 1973) and its successor, Western Regional Coordinating Committee on the Economic Growth of the Agricultural Firm (WRCC-16, July 1, 1973 to June 30, 1976).
Cancer Stem Cell-Secreted Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Stimulates Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell Function and Facilitates Glioblastoma Immune Evasion (2016)

Shifting the balance away from tumor-mediated immune suppression toward tumor immune rejection is the conceptual foundation for a variety of immunotherapy efforts currently being tested. These efforts largely focus on activating antitumor immune responses but are confounded by multiple immune cell populations, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which serve to suppress immune system function. We have identified immune-suppressive MDSCs in the brains of GBM patients and found that they were in close proximity to self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). MDSCs were selectively depleted using 5-flurouracil (5-FU) in a low-dose administration paradigm, which resulted in prolonged survival in a syngeneic mouse model of glioma. In coculture studies, patient-derived CSCs but not nonstem tumor cells selectively drove MDSC-mediated immune suppression. A cytokine screen revealed that CSCs secreted multiple factors that promoted this activity, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which was produced at high levels by CSCs. Addition of MIF increased production of the immune-suppressive enzyme arginase-1 in MDSCs in a CXCR2-dependent manner, whereas blocking MIF reduced arginase-1 production. Similarly to 5-FU, targeting tumor-derived MIF conferred a survival advantage to tumor-bearing animals and increased the cytotoxic T cell response within the tumor. Importantly, tumor cell proliferation, survival, and self-renewal were not impacted by MIF reduction, demonstrating that MIF is primarily an indirect promoter of GBM progression, working to suppress immune rejection by activating and protecting immune suppressive MDSCs within the GBM tumor microenvironment. Stem Cells 2016;34:2026-2039.
Developments in high count rate microchannel plate detectors (2005)

We are currently investigating techniques to improve the count rate and time resolution of microchannel plates (MCPs) and high speed electronic image readout schemes, as the basis for the development of high performance imaging MCP detectors for space science and other disciplines. We discuss the factors limiting the ultimate count rate and time resolution of MCP detectors and review the potential of techniques such as bulk conductive glass in MCP manufacture, and the advantages conferred by small MCP pore size. We present test results indicating the improved time resolution achievable using small pore MCPs. We review developments in readout design to increase performance for high throughput detectors, and which are capable of providing suitable combinations of attributes for specific applications, including high spatial resolution, high time resolution, high count rate, and parallel event processing for detection of simultaneous events. High throughput techniques require an increase in processing channel density and we discuss how this may be achieved by integration of the readout with the electronics package. The design and manufacture of readout systems using integrated ASIC based electronics is discussed and projected performance is presented. Such devices also have uses over a wide range of other scientific disciplines, and we discuss applications ranging from biomedicine to synchrotron physics.
The Network Endpoint Assessment (NEA) Asokan Attack Analysis (2012)

The Network Endpoint Assessment (NEA) protocols are subject to a
subtle forwarding attack that has become known as the NEA Asokan
Attack. This document describes the attack and countermeasures that
may be mounted. This document is not an Internet Standards Track
specification; it is published for informational purposes.
A heuristic algorithm for districting problems with similarity constraints (2020)

Redistricting problems arise when due to evolving attributes, current districts get increasingly inefficient or even infeasible. A typical example are electoral districts of roughly the same population, which after changes in its distribution, become imbalanced. Since the cost of creating entirely new districts, in general, is too high, redistricting problems have two conflicting objectives: to find an improved or optimal solution while keeping the changes to existing districts small. In this paper we propose an efficient heuristic for redistricting problems, which can consider similarity to existing districts together with several other constraints, such as balance, connectedness, and compactness. In an experimental study, we evaluate the contribution of heuristic strategies, the effect of different attribute modification models, and the effect of different similarity metrics on the quality of the redefined districts.
Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reaction with Thiazolyl Oxabutadienes—Model Studies Toward the Synthesis of Directly Linked <i>C</i>‐Disaccharide (1997)

Abstract A method for the construction of substituted pyranoses by means of the hetero‐Diels–Alder (HDA) reaction of ethyl vinyl ether with 1‐oxabuta‐1,3‐dienes bearing a thiazolyl ring at C‐2 is described. The cycloaddition with 1‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐penten‐1‐one ( 2 ) occurred with good endo/exo selectivity to give cis ‐ and trans ‐3,4‐dihydro‐2 H ‐pyrans 3a and 3b in a ca. 9:1 ratio and 91% overall yield. The elaboration of 3a through the conversion of the thiazole ring into the formyl group and reduction of the latter to alcohol, followed by hydroxylation of the double bond through hydroboration–oxidation led to the ethyl 2,3‐dideoxypyranoside 8 . The asymmetric version of this synthetic sequence started from the HDA cycloaddition of the same alkene with the chiral oxabutadiene 10 bearing the D‐ galacto ‐pentopyranosid‐5‐yl moiety at C‐3. This reaction afforded a mixture of the four diastereomeric cycloadducts—3,4‐dihydro‐2 H ‐pyrans 11a,b and 12a,b —in 97% overall yield. The reaction was moderately endo and face selective. A high level of endo selectivity (96%) was obtained by the use of catalytic Eu(fod) 3 . The elaboration of the endo cycloadducts 11a and 12a by the same synthetic sequence as that developed for 3a (i.e. thiazolyl‐to‐formyl conversion and hydroxylation of the double bond) gave the uncommon C ‐disaccharides 15 and 16 featuring two directly linked pyranose rings.
Learning Control of Dish Rinsing and Scrubbing based on Interruptive Direct Teaching Considering Assistance Rate (2022)

Robots are expected to manipulate objects with safe and dexterous way. For example, washing dishes is a dexterous operation that involves scrubbing the dishes with a sponge and rinsing them with water. It is necessary to learn it safely without splashing water and without dropping the dishes. In this study, we propose a safe and dexterous manipulation system. The robot acquires the manipulation dynamics of the object by estimating the state of the object and the robot itself, the control input, and the degree of human assistance required (assistance rate) after the human corrects the initial trajectory of the robot hands by interruptive direct teaching. By back-propagating the error between the estimated and the reference value using the acquired dynamics model, the robot can generate a control input that approaches the reference value, for example, so that human assistance is not required and the dish does not move excessively. This allows for adaptive rinsing and scrubbing of dishes with unknown shape and properties. As a result, it is possible to generate safe actions that require less human intervention.
Inducible Activation of ERK5 MAP Kinase Enhances Adult Neurogenesis in the Olfactory Bulb and Improves Olfactory Function (2015)

Recent discoveries have suggested that adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and olfactory bulb (OB) may be required for at least some forms of olfactory behavior in mice. However, it is unclear whether conditional and selective enhancement of adult neurogenesis by genetic approaches is sufficient to improve olfactory function under physiological conditions or after injury. Furthermore, specific signaling mechanisms regulating adult neurogenesis in the SVZ/OB are not fully defined. We previously reported that ERK5, a MAP kinase selectively expressed in the neurogenic regions of the adult brain, plays a critical role in adult neurogenesis in the SVZ/OB. Using a site-specific knock-in mouse model, we report here that inducible and targeted activation of the endogenous ERK5 in adult neural stem/progenitor cells enhances adult neurogenesis in the OB by increasing cell survival and neuronal differentiation. This conditional ERK5 activation also improves short-term olfactory memory and odor-cued associative olfactory learning under normal physiological conditions. Furthermore, these mice show enhanced recovery of olfactory function and have more adult-born neurons after a zinc sulfate-induced lesion of the main olfactory epithelium. We conclude that ERK5 MAP kinase is an important endogenous signaling pathway regulating adult neurogenesis in the SVZ/OB, and that conditional activation of endogenous ERK5 is sufficient to enhance adult neurogenesis in the OB thereby improving olfactory function both under normal conditions and after injury.
Visual color difference evaluation of standard color pixel representations for high dynamic range video compression (2017)

With the recent introduction of High Dynamic Range (HDR) and Wide Color Gamut (WCG) technologies, viewers' quality of experience is highly enriched. To distribute HDR videos over a transmission pipeline, color pixels need to be quantized into integer code-words. Linear quantization is not optimal since the Human Visual System (HVS) do not perceive light in a linear fashion. Thus, perceptual transfer functions (PTFs) and color pixel representations are used to convert linear light and color values into a non-linear domain, so that they correspond more closely to the response of the human eye. In this work, we measure the visual color differences caused by different PTFs and color representation with 10-bit quantization. Our study encompasses all the visible colors of the BT.2020 gamut at different representative luminance levels. Visual color differences are predicted using a perceptual color error metric (CIE ΔE2000). Results show that visible color distortion can already occur before any type of video compression is performed on the signal and that choosing the right PTF and color representation can greatly reduce these distortions and effectively enhance the quality of experience.
Ionic and molecular transport in aqueous solution through 2D and layered nanoporous membranes (2021)

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide an intriguing means to not only study physical phenomena but also serve as disruptive membranes for ionic selectivity and sensing based applications. Atomic thinness of these materials affords a unique environment in an all-surface material to unlock challenges towards improving desalination, energy harvesting and DNA sensing. This review provides an overview on some common 2D materials used in membrane applications for solving these challenges along with opportunities where 2D materials could add value to existing solutions. Following this, different types of 2D materials and structures are discussed with their relative advantages and disadvantages highlighted. Fabrication and methods of creating pores within 2D membranes are then presented with a focus on altering surface characteristics. Selected works within the field are highlighted and placed into a wider context, comparing their merits and shortfalls. A discussion of state-of-the-art performance for ionic transport, molecular sensing and power generation is then presented. This review concludes with an outlook on emerging methods and discussing exciting future directions.
557 Determining the efficacy of ADCC by the 3D-EX ex vivo platform utilizing tumoroids of fresh patient tumor samples with intact tumor microenvironment (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an effective tool where antibody-coated cells are targeted and killed by effector immune cells. The application of ADCC therapies has been expanded for both solid tumors as well as hematologic malignancies. However, the immunosuppressive mechanisms present in the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) pose a formidable challenge to immune cell efficacy in addition to hinderance of immune cell infiltration by tumor stromal elements. Hence, it is important to develop clinically relevant platforms to assess the efficacy of antibodies for ADCC. Here we utilized our 3D-EX platform using tumoroids of fresh patient tumor samples to assess ADCC-mediated tumor cell killing. <h3>Methods</h3> All human tumor samples were obtained with proper patient consent and IRB approval. Fresh patient tumor tissue of various histologic types including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) was processed to generate uniform sized live 3D tumoroids measuring 150 µm in size. Treatment groups included cetuximab alone or in combination with nivolumab and/or ipilimumab. Culture supernatants were collected for multiplex analysis of cytokine release in media. Multiplex flow cytometry was used to assess the activation profile of tumor resident immune cells in combination with high-content confocal imaging to determine extent of ADCC-mediated tumor cell death in the intact tumor extracellular matrix. <h3>Results</h3> Using fresh patient-derived tumor organoids, we observed ADCC-dependent death of EGFR expressing tumor cells. Flow cytometric analysis of immune cell populations demonstrated treatment mediated activation of resident immune cells, which coincided with cytokine profiles determined by Luminex multiplex cytokine analysis. Additionally, tumor cell killing observed through high-content confocal imaging and quantitative image analysis showed tumor cell death with the 3D tumoroids. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this comprehensive study we demonstrate that the 3D-EX ex vivo model is a robust system to assess the efficacy of ADCC and to develop novel therapeutic combinations with other immuno-oncology therapies. Furthermore, implementation of this platform in clinical studies may also allow for determination of the most effective combinatorial immuno-oncology therapy strategies for specialized individual patient care. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> The study was approved by Chesapeake IRB Pro00014313.
<i>Corrigendum to</i> : A New Catalyst for the Reductive Elimination of Acylated Glycosyl Bromides to Form Glycals (2002)

Ethylene- N , N -bis(salicylideneiminato)oxovanadium(IV) {VO(salen)} has been developed as a useful catalyst for the reductive elimination of acylated glycosyl bromides to form glycals, both in the pyranose and furanose series, using zinc/ammonium chloride/methanol or zinc/acetic acid/acetonitrile.
CCDC 1024813: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2015)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.