gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Magnetic Field Monitoring System Based on Passive RFID Sensor Tags (2021)

The monitoring of magnetic fields is extremely important in many industrial environments, e.g., power grids. Despite of its importance, the existing monitoring methods either are large in size, require high power consumptions and manual observation, or although integrated in small wireless devices, need the use of batteries, increasing maintenance costs. This paper proposes an intermittent magnetic field monitoring system based on passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. A magnetic field magnitude sensor has been integrated into a micro-controller unit (MCU) based tag, and the standard RFID communication protocol ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type C has been partially modified to allow faster sensed data transfer, especially for multiple tag situations rarely considered in the open literature. Static or 50 Hz magnetic field sensing accuracy lower than 3% have been experimentally measured with reasonable tag charging times and read distances, making possible for example to monitor magnetic fields on more than 10 locations simultaneously with a 60 s of updating time with a tag read range of 3 m.
Missense Mutations in APOB within the βα1 Domain of Human APOB-100 Result in Impaired Secretion of ApoB and ApoB-containing Lipoproteins in Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia (2007)

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is associated with mutations in the APOB gene. We reported the first missense APOB mutation, R463W, in an FHBL kindred (Burnett, J. R., Shan, J., Miskie, B. A., Whitfield, A. J., Yuan, J., Tran, K., Mc-Knight, C. J., Hegele, R. A., and Yao, Z. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 13442-13452). Here we identified a second nonsynonymous APOB mutation, L343V, in another FHBL kindred. Heterozygotes for L343V (n = 10) had a mean plasma apoB at 0.31 g/liter as compared with 0.80 g/liter in unaffected family members (n = 22). The L343V mutation impaired secretion of apoB-100 and very low density lipoproteins. The secretion efficiency was 20% for B100wt and 10% for B100LV and B100RW. Decreased secretion of mutant apoB-100 was associated with increased endoplasmic reticulum retention and increased binding to microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and BiP. Reduced secretion efficiency was also observed with B48LV and B17LV. Biochemical and biophysical analyses of apoB domain constructs showed that L343V and R463W altered folding of the alpha-helical domain within the N terminus of apoB. Thus, proper folding of the alpha-helical domain of apoB-100 is essential for efficient secretion.
Placebo response and remission rates in randomised trials of induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease (2017)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:
Embedding of Chip Modules into Smart Cards (2002)

Chapter Four introduces the different techniques for the embedding of chip modules into card bodies and provides an overview of different production methods. Embedding by lamination, by mounting and by novel in-mould technology is discussed. Sample calculations illustrate how to dimension the cavity in the card body for the chip module.
Ähnliche SVR-Raten für die Genotypen IL28B CC, CT oder TT bei Patienten, die auf eine Vorbehandlung als Relapser, partieller Responder oder Nullresponder reagierten und danach mit Telaprevir/Peginterferon/Ribavirin behandelt wurden: Retrospektive Analyse der REALIZE-Studie (2011)

Hintergrund: IL28B-Polymorphismen sind bei unbehandelten HCV-Patienten, die mit pegyliertem Interferon (P) und Ribavin (R) behandelt werden, mit unterschiedlichen SVR-Raten assoziiert. REALIZE ist eine Phase-III-Studie, die Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit von Telaprevir (T), mit oder ohne Lead-in(L-I)-Phase, in Kombination mit PR gegenüber PR allein bei Patienten mit vorherigem Therapieversagen (Relapser, partielle Responder und Nullresponder) verglich. Beide T/PR-Arme waren in allen drei Patientenkategorien den Kontrollen überlegen. Die Beziehung zwischen dem IL28B-Genotyp und der SVR-Rate wurde retrospektiv untersucht.
Prevalence of endoscopic reflux esophagitis among Koreans (2001)

The prevalence of endoscopic reflux esophagitis among Koreans is 3.4%, and most of the patients had a mild grade esophagitis. Smoking, alcohol consumption, the presence of a hiatal hernia and a higher BMI are associated with the development of reflux esophagitis.
Self-Distillation for Unsupervised 3D Domain Adaptation (2022)

Point cloud classification is a popular task in 3D vision. However, previous works, usually assume that point clouds at test time are obtained with the same procedure or sensor as those at training time. Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) instead, breaks this assumption and tries to solve the task on an unlabeled target domain, leveraging only on a supervised source domain. For point cloud classification, recent UDA methods try to align features across domains via auxiliary tasks such as point cloud reconstruction, which however do not optimize the discriminative power in the target domain in feature space. In contrast, in this work, we focus on obtaining a discriminative feature space for the target domain enforcing consistency between a point cloud and its augmented version. We then propose a novel iterative self-training methodology that exploits Graph Neural Networks in the UDA context to refine pseudo-labels. We perform extensive experiments and set the new state-of-the-art in standard UDA benchmarks for point cloud classification. Finally, we show how our approach can be extended to more complex tasks such as part segmentation.
Nosocomial infections in HIV infected patients (1999)

Results suggest that NI occur commonly in HIV-infected patients. As the number of cases of HIV continues to increase, the number of HIV-infected patients requiring hospitalization may also increase. Clinicians need to be aware of the risk factors for NI and must consider these infections in the overall management of HIV-infected, hospitalized patients.
Evolutionary and Predictive Functional Insights into the Aquaporin Gene Family in the Allotetraploid Plant Nicotiana tabacum (2020)

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of integral membrane proteins that facilitate the membrane diffusion of water and other small solutes. <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> is an important model plant, and its allotetraploid genome has recently been released, providing us with the opportunity to analyze the <i>AQP</i> gene family and its evolution. A total of 88 full-length <i>AQP</i> genes were identified in the <i>N. tabacum</i> genome, and the encoding proteins were assigned into five subfamilies: 34 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs); 27 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs); 20 nodulin26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs); 3 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs); 4 uncharacterized X intrinsic proteins (XIPs), including two splice variants. We also analyzed the genomes of two <i>N. tabacum</i> ancestors, <i>Nicotiana</i> <i>tomentosiformis</i> and <i>Nicotiana</i> <i>sylvestris,</i> and identified 49 <i>AQP</i> genes in each species. Functional prediction, based on the substrate specificity-determining positions (SDPs), revealed significant differences in substrate specificity among the AQP subfamilies. Analysis of the organ-specific <i>AQP</i> expression levels in the <i>N. tabacum</i> plant and RNA-seq data of <i>N. tabacum</i> bright yellow-2 suspension cells indicated that many AQPs are simultaneously expressed, but differentially, according to the organs or the cells. Altogether, these data constitute an important resource for future investigations of the molecular, evolutionary, and physiological functions of AQPs in <i>N. tabacum</i>.
PAPR Reduction and Nonlinearity Mitigation of Optical Digital Subcarrier Multiplexing Systems With a Silicon Photonics Transmitter (2023)

We propose two low-complexity digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to improve the system performance of digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) optical transmission system with a silicon photonics transmitter. We first analyze the impacts of various transmitter parameters on the system performance of the single carrier system versus the DSCM system. We show quantitatively that the DSCM system suffers from a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and nonlinear transfer functions that cannot be easily compensated for. Furthermore, using a high-driving-voltage silicon photonics modulator exacerbates this penalty at the transmitter. To combat the performance degradation caused by nonideal transmitters, we propose and demonstrate the functionality of an encoding scheme based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to decrease the PAPR of the transmitted DSCM signals. Then a simple and effective pre-mapping technique is proposed to compensate for the nonlinearity from the transmitter. After developing the theory of our proposed approach, both DSP blocks are verified with coherent optical transmission simulations and experiments. Using a 64 GBd 4-bit/s/Hz DSCM signal containing 8 subcarriers transmitted over 43.2 km of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), the FFT encoding achieves a gain of 3.458 dB in terms of link loss, and the pre-mapping achieves a gain of 0.486 dB when compared to the raw DSCM system, at the HD-FEC bit error rate (BER) threshold of 3.8e-3. We also tested the performance of the system when the two techniques are combined. We found that this led to a power budget increase of 4.159 dB at the HD-FEC threshold. Since the total gain is more than the addition of the two gains from each DSP block, there is a gain enhancement effect between the two proposed algorithms that generates extra gain when implemented together. The proposed transmitter algorithms and the overall schematic is favorable to the implementation of DSCM systems when using silicon-photonics-modulator-based transmitters specifically and coherent transmitters generally.
Corrosion Protection by Inhibition (2003)

Abstract The sections in this article are Phenomenological Aspects Fundamentals Classification Anodic Inhibitors Cathodic Inhibitors Passivating Inhibitors Mixed and Ohmic Inhibitors Inhibition Efficiency Definition and Measurement Influence of Inhibitor Concentration Influence of Solution p H and Aggressive Ions Synergistic Effects Influence of Hydrodynamic Conditions Inhibition by Adsorbed Layers Adsorption on Metals in Solution Adsorption on Bare Metal Surfaces Adsorption on Oxide/Hydroxide Surfaces Mechanisms of Corrosion in the Presence of Adsorbed Layers Influence of Adsorbed Layers on Metal Dissolution Reactions Influence of Adsorbed Layers on Cathodic Reactions Inhibition by Protection Layers Structure of Protection Layers Formed by Inhibitors Film‐forming Cathodic Inhibitors Film‐forming Anodic Inhibitors Mechanisms of Protection Layer Formation Precipitation from Solution Direct Film Growth Special Cases Control of Solution Composition (“scavengers”) Inhibition of Localized Corrosion Inhibition of Stress‐corrosion Cracking Inhibition of Chemical Corrosion Processes Inhibition of Atmospheric Corrosion Practical Applications Overview Water Treatment Acid Systems Corrosion Inhibition in Electronic Devices
Carbachol-induced actin reorganization involves G<sub>i</sub>activation of Rho in human airway smooth muscle cells (1998)

To determine whether M2 muscarinic receptors are linked to the monomeric G protein Rho, we studied the effect of carbachol on actin reorganization (stress fiber formation) in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells that expressed mainly M2 muscarinic receptors by dual-fluorescence labeling of filamentous (F) and monomeric (G) actin. F-actin was labeled with FITC-labeled phalloidin, and G-actin was labeled with Texas Red-labeled DNase I. Carbachol stimulation induced stress fiber formation (increased F-actin staining) in the cells and increased the F- to G-actin ratio 3.6 +/- 0.4-fold (mean +/- SE; n = 5 experiments). Preincubation with pertussis toxin, Clostridium C3 exoenzyme, or tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduced the carbachol-induced increase in stress fiber formation and significantly decreased the F- to G-actin ratio, whereas a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, and a protein kinase C inhibitor were without effect. This study demonstrates that in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells, muscarinic-receptor activation induces stress fiber formation via a pathway involving a pertussis-sensitive G protein, Rho proteins, and tyrosine phosphorylation.
Sulfonated Poly(phenylene sulfone) Polymers as Hydrolytically and Thermooxidatively Stable Proton Conducting Ionomers (2007)

Sulfonated poly(arylene) ionomers containing merely electron-accepting sulfone units (−SO2−) connecting the phenyl rings have been synthesized and characterized in detail, in particular with respect to properties relevant for their application as membrane materials in polymer-electrolyte-membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The copolymers were prepared by a two-step process comprising (1) a nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation reaction of 4,4‘-difluorodiphenylsulfone and disodium 3,3‘-disulfonate-4,4‘-difluorodiphenylsulfone with 4,4‘-thiobisbenzenethiol at various molar ratios yielding sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone)s and (2) their subsequent oxidation to sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone)s using peroxide in acidic solution. This new class of polymers with extremely electron-deficient aromatic rings shows very high thermal, thermooxidative and hydrolytic stabilities, low solubilities, and reduced swelling in water at enhanced temperature compared to other sulfonated poly(arylene)s. The latter property allows for the preparation of membranes with very high ion exchange capacity and high proton conductivity especially at high temperature and low humidification, which makes them interesting materials for chemical and electrochemical applications such as PEM fuel cells. The flexible preparation route provides a path for obtaining various molecular structures and ion exchange capacities.
Cysteine-Conjugated Metabolites of Ginger Components, Shogaols, Induce Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress-Mediated p53 Pathway in Human Colon Cancer Cells (2020)

Shogaols, the major constituents of thermally processed ginger, have been proven to be highly effective anticancer agents. Our group has identified cysteine-conjugated shogaols (M2, M2′, and M2″) as the major metabolites of [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-shogaol in human and found that M2 is a carrier of its parent molecule [6]-shogaol in cancer cells and in mice, while being less toxic to normal colon fibroblast cells. The objectives of this study are to determine whether M2′ and M2″ behave in a similar manner to M2, in both metabolism and efficacy as anticancer agents, and to further explore the biological pro-apoptotic mechanisms of the cysteine-conjugated shogaols against human colon cancer cells HCT-116 and HT-29. Our results show that [8]- and [10]-shogaol have similar metabolic profiles to [6]-shogaol and exhibit similar toxicity toward human colon cancer cells. M2′ and M2″ both show low toxicity against normal colon cells but retain potency against colon cancer cells, suggesting that they have similar activity to M2. We further demonstrate that the cysteine-conjugated shogaols can cause cancer cell death through the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Our results show that oxidative stress activates a p53 pathway that ultimately leads to p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) induction and down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), followed by cytochrome c release, perturbation of inhibitory interactions of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) with caspases, and finally caspase 9 and 3 activation and cleavage. A brief screen of the markers attenuated by the proapoptotic activity of M2 revealed similar results for [8]- and [10]-shogaol and their respective cysteine-conjugated metabolites M2′ and M2″. This study highlights the cysteine-conjugated metabolites of shogaols as novel dietary colon cancer preventive agents.
A Time-Varying Bayesian Joint Hierarchical Copula Model for Analysing Recurrent Events and A Terminal Event: An Application to the Cardiovascular Health Study (2019)

Summary Recurrent events could be stopped by a terminal event, which commonly occurs in biomedical and clinical studies. Taking the Cardiovascular Health Study as a motivating example, patients can experience recurrent events of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke during follow-up, which, however, can be truncated by death. Since death could be a devastating complication of MI or stroke recurrences, ignoring dependent censoring when analysing recurrent events may lead to invalid inference. The joint shared frailty model is widely used but with several limitations: two event processes are conditionally independent given the subject level frailty, which could be violated because the dependence may rely on unknown covariates varying across recurrences; the correlation between recurrent events and death is constant over time because of the same frailty within subject, but MI or stroke recurrences could have a time-varying influence on death due to higher risk of another event of MI or stroke after the first. We propose a time-varying joint hierarchical copula model under the Bayesian framework to accommodate correlation between recurrent events and dependence between two event processes which may change over time. The performance of our method is extensively evaluated by simulation studies, and lastly by the Cardiovascular Health Study for illustration.
Editorial: A Successful Year and Looking Forward to 2017 and Beyond (2016)

This issue marks the first anniversary issue since I was honored to serve as the Editor-in-Chief (EiC) of the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS). I am happy to report that we had a very successful year and here are a few highlights that I would like to share with the community. <list list-type="bullet" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><list-item><label>•</label> The latest impact factor of TNNLS is 4.854 according to the Journal Citation Reports. This marks a record high impact factor for our journal and places TNNLS as the number one scholarly publication in Computer Science (Hardware &amp; Architecture), number three in Computer Science (Theory &amp; Methods), and number ten in Electrical and Electronic Engineering journals. </list-item></list>
Effects of Labile Mesogens on the Morphology of Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers in Thin Films (2021)

The self-assembly of liquid crystals (LCs) in small volumes is mediated by the anchoring conditions of the constituent mesogens at the confining surfaces. In hierarchically ordered systems such as LC block copolymers, the importance of anchoring at external as well as internal interfaces can give rise to intriguing phenomena. Here, we examine the morphology of thin films of liquid crystalline block copolymers (LC BCPs) in the presence of non-bonded, or labile, mesogens and explore the manner in which external anchoring conditions of the LC control the orientation of the block copolymer superstructure. We find that the addition of 4′-(hexyloxy)-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (6OCB) mesogens induces an orientation change of cylinder- or lamellae-forming LC BCPs, from parallel to perpendicular with respect to the film surface. Systematic variations of free mesogen concentration, thermal annealing conditions, film thickness, and the type of free mesogens added were conducted. Our results indicate that labile 6OCB mesogens co-assemble with their backbone-bonded counterparts and adopt homeotropic anchoring at the free surface (air interface). Coupled with homogeneous anchoring of the LC mesophase at the internal block copolymer interface, the labile mesogens induce a perpendicular orientation of the BCP superstructure in thin films. We exploit this behavior as a mechanism to control BCP morphology and demonstrate the formation of perpendicular structures on topographically patterned substrates. Investigations conducted with different mesogens point to the importance of the labile mesogen anchoring at the air interface and steric constraints on co-assembly with backbone-bonded mesogens as key aspects dictating the ability of labile mesogens to control the BCP morphology in thin films. On this basis, we discuss design rules for mesogenic additives that can be used to engineer LC BCP morphology in thin films.
Fulvestrant response prediction from transcriptome data obtained from primary breast cancer biopsies. (2016)

e12056 Background: Fulvestrant is a highly selective estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist used in the treatment of postmenopausal patients with ER-positive advanced breast cancer. To identify patients who are sensitive to fulvestrant we applied a multigene mRNA-based Drug Response Predictor (DRP) broadly validated by Wang et al1 and for fulvestrant by Knudsen et al2. The DRP is based on measuring the full transcriptome in cell lines sensitive and cell lines resistant to a drug compared with expression patterns in tumors. Methods: To evaluate patients’ transcriptomes from primary biopsies and response to therapy at relapse, a total of 545 consecutive patients with advanced disease were included from five participating hospitals. After patient informed consent mRNA was extracted and assayed on Affymetrix Gene Chip U133p2 arrays from formalin fixed paraffin embedded diagnostic biopsies. Of these 545 patients, 112 patients with ER-positive breast cancer received fulvestrant in one of the first three lines of treatment for advanced disease between November 2008 and November 2015 Patients were during treatment evaluated every 3 to 4 months using CT scans and clinical examination. The primary analysis was a Cox regression model of the prediction scores stratified by treatment line and time to disease progression calculated from the start of treatment and until the start of a new treatment. Results: Of 112 patients treated with fulvestrant 75 progressed within 6.4 months median (1.0-38.9 months). Of the 112 patients 81 had received prior adjuvant antihormone therapy and 30 had not. One patient was without accessible data about prior adjuvant antihormone therapy. Conclusions: In a real world setting mRNA from the original diagnostic biopsy can be used to predict a later fulvestrant response only if the patients are unexposed to previous adjuvant endocrine therapy. Such transcriptome data supports the hypothesis that development of clinical resistance pathways can be detected and followed. Hazard ratio 95% confidence limits P-value No prior adjuvant antihormone therapy 0.31 0.10-0.97 0.044 Prior adjuvant antihormone therapy 0.88 0.38-2.04 0.76 1Wang et al JNCI (2013) 105 (17): 1284-1291. 2Knudsen et al PLoS ONE 9(2): e87415.
A Practical Approach to Numerical Modeling of Pipe-Soil Interaction (2008)

This paper presents a macroelement force-resultant model (termed as UWAPIPE) to numerically simulate pipe-soil interaction. It utilizes bounding surface theory as its framework to describe the combined vertical and horizontal load-displacement behavior of a pipe in calcareous sands. By numerically attaching numerous force-resultant elements to structural nodes and by taking a balanced approach between structural and foundation sophistication, the analysis of long pipeline becomes computationally feasible. A method based on three dimensional beam theory and the Finite Element (EE) displacement concept to implement the UWAPIPE into FE program is described in this paper. It assembles the structural stiffness matrix by discretizing the pipeline as beam elements. The contribution of the pipe-soil is incorporated into the structural stiffness matrix according to the FE displacement method. An example calculation case of an offshore pipeline demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed analysis approach. Copyright © 2008 by The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).