gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological diversity and source separation (2006)

This letter describes a new method for blind source separation, adapted to the case of sources having different morphologies. We show that such morphological diversity leads to a new and very efficient separation method, even in the presence of noise. The algorithm, coined multichannel morphological component analysis (MMCA), is an extension of the morphological component analysis (MCA) method. The latter takes advantage of the sparse representation of structured data in large overcomplete dictionaries to separate features in the data based on their morphology. MCA has been shown to be an efficient technique in such problems as separating an image into texture and piecewise smooth parts or for inpainting applications. The proposed extension, MMCA, extends the above for multichannel data, achieving a better source separation in those circumstances. Furthermore, the new algorithm can efficiently achieve good separation in a noisy context where standard independent component analysis methods fail. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is confirmed in numerical experiments
Predictors of Treatment After Initial Surveillance in Men With Prostate Cancer: Results From CaPSURE (2003)

WW is an appropriate and common form of treatment in many men with prostate cancer and about half remain on WW at 5 years. Our analysis of national practice patterns identified demographic, clinical and PSA characteristics associated with men who continue with this modality. Conversely these factors may help determine which men (for example higher risk/PSA) ultimately receive active treatment despite initial treatment preference and allow investigation of the effects of these interventions on cancer outcomes and quality of life.
Clinical investigation of the combination of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope and laser Doppler flowmeter. (1995)

In this report we present the clinical applications of a new noninvasive method of imaging in high definition the topography of perfused retinal vessels. By the combination of a laser Doppler Flowmeter with a scanning laser system the retinal circulation can be visualized and quantified. The principles of measuring blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry are based on the laser Doppler effect: laser light scattered by a moving particle is shifted in frequency. The scanning laser system is a modified laser scanning tomograph (technical data: retinal area of measurement, 2.7 x 0.7 mm; 10 degrees field with 256 points x 64 lines; horizontal digital resolution, 10 microns; wave-length, 670 nm; light power, 100 micro W; data acquisition time, 2.048 s). Every line is scanned 128-times at a line-sampling rate of 4000 Hz. By the performance of discrete fast fourier transformation over 128 intensities of each retinal point the laser Doppler shift is calculated for each retinal point. With these data a 2-dimensional map of the retinal perfusion with 256 x 64-points is created. The brightness of the picture point is coded by the value of the Doppler shift. By this method we examined health eyes with normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and artificially increased IOP and eyes with glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with areas of capillary occlusion, arterial hypertension with microinfarction of the retina, and central retinal artery occlusion. The application of "scanning laser Doppler flowmetry" (SLDF) leads to the visualization of perfused vessels and capillaries of the retina in high resolution. The examination of perfused retinal arterioles, veins, and capillaries by this method represents the anatomical situation. In SLDF the area of normal or impaired retinal circulation becomes visible (capillary nonperfusion, proliferative vascular structures), whereby the extent of the perfusion is proportional to the brightness of the imaged vessel; the brighter the vessels or capillaries, the higher the blood flow inside the vessels. Retinal areas with low capillary flow are "dark" and show no visible vessel. In imaging of an eye with central retinal artery occlusion, retinal arterioles, veins, or capillaries were invisible due to the lack of retinal perfusion. Only ciliary-source vessels of the optic nerve head were bright and visible, indicating normal ciliary circulation. SLDF facilitates the visualization of perfused retinal capillaries and vessels in high resolution. The representation of the function of the retinal circulation by SLDF leads to an image similar to the anatomical situation. The two-dimensional mapping of local blood flow leads to a physiological picture of the retinal perfusion with visible vessels and capillaries.
Clinical Outcomes and Contact Lens Case Contamination Using a Povidone–Iodine Disinfection System (2017)

Cleadew cleaning and disinfecting system was associated with low levels of adverse events during use. Contact lens cases were significantly less frequently contaminated than for some other types of disinfecting solutions.
Low-Cost Solutions for Preventing Simple Side-Channel Analysis: Side-Channel Atomicity. (2003)

We introduce simple methods to convert a cryptographic algorithm into an algorithm protected against simple side-channel attacks. Contrary to previously known solutions, the proposed techniques are not at the expense of the execution time. Moreover, they are generic and apply to virtually any algorithm. In particular, we present several novel exponentiation algorithms, namely, a protected square-and-multiply algorithm, its right-to-left counterpart, and several protected sliding-window algorithms. We also illustrate our methodology applied to point multiplication on elliptic curves. All these algorithms share the common feature that the complexity is globally unchanged compared to the corresponding unprotected implementations.
Light-Driven Release from Polymeric Microcapsules Functionalized with Bacteriorhodopsin (2009)

Bacteriorhodopsin was incorporated into the shell of polymeric capsules. Light-driven variation of intercapsule volume pH with successive pore opening was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Release of the encapsulated dye molecules was studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
The conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in animal cells (1982)

Phosphatidylcholine is the major phospholipid found in virtually all animal cells. Two pathways have been described for its biosynthesis. Largely through the work of Kennedy (1962) and co-workers, the major pathway was described for PC* biosynthesis in the 1950’s. In this route, choline is phosphorylated and subsequently converted to CDP-choline which reacts with diacylglycerol and forms PC. A second pathway was described by Bremer and Greenberg (1961). They demonstrated a microsomal-bound activity from liver that converted PE to PC by three successive methyl group transfers from AdoMet. activity noted by Bremer and Greenberg were an alkaline pH optimum (pH 10), lack of an effect by EDTA on enzyme activity, and relatively low enzyme activity in tissues other than liver. Further progress on characterization of the N-methy1transferase was hampered by the extremely tight association of the enzyme with the micosoma1 membrane.
Back Cover: Biotechnology Journal 5/2019 (2019)

The article describes a scaled-up inertial microfl uidic system for high-throughput retention of the microcarrier-cell complex from a bioreactor. The developed device can function continuously without clogging and decline in performance during cell expansion in perfusion microcarrier-based bioreactors, surmounting shortcoming of existing microfi ltration systems. This is reported by Reza Moloudi, Steve Oh, Chun Yang, Kim Leng Teo, Alan Tin-Lun Lam, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, and May Win Naing in the article 1800674.
Cell-based Mechanism of Action of a TCR/IL-2 Fusion Protein against Established Tumors (48.36) (2007)

Abstract We have previously reported that a single-chain T cell receptor/IL-2 fusion protein, recognizing aa264–272 peptide of human p53, exhibits potent antitumor activities in mouse xenograft models. In this study, we compare the biological activities of 264scTCR/IL-2 with that of Mart-1scTCR/IL-2, a TCR/IL-2 fusion lacking p53 recognition. Although 264scTCR/IL-2 and Mart-1scTCR/IL-2 exhibit equivalent activities for NK cells activation, 264scTCR/IL-2 shows significantly better antitumor activity than Mart-1scTCR/IL-2 against p53+/HLA-A2+ human tumors in mouse xenograft models. We also observed a dose-dependent increase in activated NK cells infiltration into tumors following 264scTCR/IL-2 treatment and significantly more cell infiltration in tumors of 264scTCR/IL-2 treated mice than in those treated with Mart1scTCR/IL-2. The data are consistent with our hypothesis that 264scTCR/IL-2 activates immune cells, such as NK cells, to express high-affinity IL-2 receptors. Following stable interactions between the IL-2 domain and these receptors, the scTCR domain of the fusion molecule guides the immune cells to tumors displaying target peptide/HLA complexes where they mediate antitumor effects. NIH-2R44CA097550
Source Estimation in Time Series and the Surprising Resilience of HMMs (2018)

Suppose that we are given a time series where consecutive samples are believed to come from a probabilistic source, that the source changes from time to time and that the total number of sources is fixed. Our objective is to estimate the distributions of the sources. A standard approach to this problem is to model the data as a hidden Markov model (HMM). However, since the data often lacks the Markov or the stationarity properties of an HMM, one can ask whether this approach is still suitable or perhaps another approach is required. In this paper, we show that a maximum likelihood HMM estimator can be used to approximate the source distributions in a much larger class of models than HMMs. Specifically, we propose a natural and fairly general non-stationary model of the data, where the only restriction is that the sources do not change too often. Our main result shows that for this model, a maximum-likelihood HMM estimator produces the correct second moment of the data, and the results can be extended to higher moments.
A Survey of Electronic Color Printer Technologies (1989)

Electronic printing in black and white has now come of age. Both high and low speed laser printers now heavily populate the electronic printing marketplace. On the high end of the market, the Xerox 9700 printer is the market dominator while the Canon LBP-SX and CX engines dominate the low end of the market. Clearly, laser printers are the predominant monochrome electronic printing technology. Ink jet is now beginning to engage the low end printer market but still fails to attain laser printer image quality. As yet, ink jet is not a serious contender for the substantial low end laser printer marketplace served by Apple Computer&apos;s LaserWriter II and Hewlett-Packard&apos;s LaserJet printers. Laser printing generally dominates because of its cost/performance as well as the reliability of the cartridge serviced low end printers.
Identification of <i>ERdj3</i> and <i>OBF-1/BOB-1/OCA-B</i> as Direct Targets of XBP-1 during Plasma Cell Differentiation (2007)

Plasma cell differentiation is accompanied by a modified unfolded protein response (UPR), which involves activation of the Ire1 and activating transcription factor 6 branches, but not the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase branch. Ire1-mediated splicing of XBP-1 (XBP-1(S)) is required for terminal differentiation, although the direct targets of XBP-1(S) in this process have not been identified. We demonstrate that XBP-1(S) binds to the promoter of ERdj3 in plasmacytoma cells and in LPS-stimulated primary splenic B cells, which corresponds to increased expression of ERdj3 transcripts in both cases. When small hairpin RNA was used to decrease XBP-1 expression in plasmacytoma lines, ERdj3 transcripts were concomitantly reduced. The accumulation of Ig gamma H chain protein was also diminished, but unexpectedly this occurred at the transcriptional level as opposed to effects on H chain stability. The decrease in H chain transcripts correlated with a reduction in mRNA encoding the H chain transcription factor, OBF-1/BOB-1/OCA-B. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that XBP-1(S) binds to the OBF-1/BOB-1/OCA-B promoter in the plasmacytoma line and in primary B cells not only during plasma cell differentiation, but also in response to classical UPR activation. Gel shift assays suggest that XBP-1(S) binding occurs through a UPR element conserved in both murine and human OBF-1/BOB-1/OCA-B promoters as opposed to endoplasmic reticulum stress response elements. Our studies are the first to identify direct downstream targets of XBP-1(S) during either plasma cell differentiation or the UPR. In addition, our data further define the XBP-1(S)-binding sequence and provide yet another role for this protein as a master regulator of plasma cell differentiation.
Optical Solitons (2003)

Abstract The properties and history of soliton pulse propagation in optical fibers are reviewed. Both fundamental mathematical aspects are discussed as well as applied engineering issues for e.g. the generation and use of solitons in fiber‐optic communication systems. We distinguish between conventional solitons, which have a constant dispersion along the transmission, and dispersion‐managed solitons for which the dispersion varies along the transmission line. Finally the most recent soliton field experiments are reviewed and discussed.
&lt;title&gt;Recent advances in magnetostrictive particulate composite technology&lt;/title&gt; (2002)

Recently, there have been significant advances in using magnetostrictive particles in a polymer matrix; finding uses in many applications, both as an active transducer and a passive damper. Termed magnetostrictive particulate composites (MPC), the material provides capabilities identical or superior to the monolithic material. Fortis Technologies has been pursuing improvements in the application and fabrication of this innovative material. The MPC technology provides a passive, broadband, large temperature range, high stiffness, dampling material to be used where current technologies fall short. Damping applications of this technology include sporting goods, power/hand tools, space launch and satellite design, noise abatement and vibration isolation. Energy absorption of the composites has been measured and is approaching that of the monolithic material. The material can also be actively controlled by a magnetic field, producing a transducer that can be used for sonar applications. The advantage of this technology over those currently in use is the large power density at relatively low frequencies and the ease of fabrication, allowing less expensive and more effective conformal arrays. Effective strain output and piezomagnetic coefficients have been measured, as have its dynamic properties. The results show significant improvement of the strain output and piezomagnetic coefficients, approaching the monolithic material.
Properties of natural pozzolan and its potential utilization in environmental friendly concrete (2010)

In Saudi Arabia, locally available natural pozzolanic material has the potential for use in environmental friendly concrete as a partial cement replacement. Local natural pozzolan was incorporated in concrete as a partial cement replacement to study the effect of replacement level, natural pozzolan fineness and its source. Chemical and physical properties of local natural pozzolan, properties of fresh concrete, compressive strength development, chloride permeability, and porosity of concrete incorporating local natural pozzolanic material as a partial cement replacement is presented. The influence of curing on the properties of concrete containing natural pozzolan and the X-ray diffraction analysis are reported. It was observed that regardless of its different sources, chemical and physical properties of local natural pozzolan are similar and conforms to the requirements of ASTM C 618, Class N. Concrete containing up to 15% natural pozzolan matches with the mix containing 20% fly ash, which is very close to the plain concrete. Higher dosages of this natural pozzolan can be utilized for economical and environmental benefits. This research is the first of its kind that addresses the investigation on Saudi natural pozzolanic material.
Mesoporous carbons with KOH activated framework and their hydrogen adsorption (2007)

The effects of KOH activation on pore structure of ordered mesoporous carbons were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and argon adsorption. The activation led to remarkable increases in micropore volume and BET surface area up to 1.0 mL g−1 and 2700 m2 g−1, at the expense of the mesostructural order. The resultant carbons with various microporosity and mesoporosity were tested for room-temperature adsorption of hydrogen under high pressure. The adsorption data were analyzed in correlation with the varied carbon pore structures. The results showed that the hydrogen adsorption capacity increased approximately linearly with respect to micropore volume, or BET surface area, reaching a 2.5-times higher value when fully activated. However, the adsorption capacity at 100 atm (0.75 wt%) was still far below the US DOE target of 6.5 wt%. The extrapolation of our results to the carbon structure with the highest possible surface area could lead to no more than 2.5 wt%. This result suggests that chemisorption or other chemical storage methods should be combined with physisorption if carbon materials are considered for hydrogen storage.
Extraction of Stride Events From Gait Accelerometry During Treadmill Walking (2015)

A simple tri-axial acceleromter accompanied by a signal processing algorithm can be used to capture stride events. Clinical Impact: The proposed algorithm enables the assessment of stride events during treadmill walking, and is the first step towards the assessment of stride events using tri-axial accelerometers in real-life settings.
Spectral reconstruction strategies toward generalized-domain optical coherence tomography with a broadband source and a bucket detector(Conference Presentation) (2016)

One appealing aspect that compressive sensing offers is the possibility of retrieving a signal’s spectral information using a bucket detector and a characterized measurement matrix. Demonstrations of CS applied to optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed, however, in the final signal-processing instead of the acquisition end. Here we propose a novel OCT system with a broadband superluminescent excitation and a bucket photodetector where the interferogram is obtained by spectral reconstruction. In particular, this system assumes the same interferometric setup as typical swept-source OCT systems except the excitation is replaced by a broadband source. The interferogram then passes through an off-the-shelf, fast tunable Fabry-Perot filter (FPF) of modest finesse whose free spectral range is designed to be much less than the excitation bandwidth. The spectral response is characterized a priori, before the filtered output is integrated by the photodetector. The spectral sampling measurement is repeated by altering the FPF’s resonant conditions multiple times through the cavity length. Having acquired the integrated photodetector values and the corresponding spectral filter functions, we reconstruct the original interferogram whose Fourier transform generates the tomogram. The sensitivity of this OCT technique is evaluated and compared using simulations with synthetic data. Moreover, B-scan reconstruction of the interferogram due to a fingertip was simulated using our scheme and the resultant image shows excellent reconstruction fidelity compared to the original OCT B-scan. These illustrations point towards a promising future of a new class of tomographic system which combines the respective strengths of swept-source and spectral-domain OCT.
In situ X-ray diffraction analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic piezoelectric response in (100)/(001)-oriented tetragonal multidomain Pb(Zr, Ti)O<sub>3</sub> films epitaxially grown on Si substrates (2023)

Abstract (100)/(001)-oriented tetragonal Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 films with different thicknesses of 400 nm, 1000 nm, 1700 nm, and 2000 nm were epitaxially grown on (100) c SrRuO 3 //(100)Pt//(100)ZrO 2 //Si(100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Their ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated by polarization–electric field and strain–electric field measurements with increasing maximum strength of an applied electric field in a triangular wave. The macroscopic piezoelectric response was quantitatively analyzed with respect to the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions based on in situ X-ray diffraction results under an electric field. The domain switching from the (100)- to the (001)-oriented domain and the out-of-plane lattice compression in the (100)-oriented domain were clearly observed under an electric field, while the out-of-plane lattice deformation of the (001)-oriented domain was negligibly small. Furthermore, the effective piezoelectric response due to domain switching increased with the increasing the film thickness, which is attributed to the decrease in the constraint with the increasing film thickness imposed by the substrate.
Visualization of Charge Transfer from Bacteria to a Self-Doped Conjugated Polymer Electrode Surface Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (2020)

In this work, we aim to provide a better understanding of the reasons behind electron transfer inefficiencies between electrogenic bacteria and the electrode in microbial fuel cells. We do so using a self-doped conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) as the electrode surface, onto which <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> is placed, then using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) to directly visualize and quantify the electrons that are transferring from each bacterium to the electrode, thereby helping us gain a better understanding for the overpotential losses in MFCs. In doing so, we obtain images that show <i>G. sulfurreducens</i> can directly transfer electrons to an electrode surface without the use of pili, and that overpotential losses are likely due to cell death and poor distribution or performance of individual bacterium's OmcB cytochromes. This unique combination of CPEs with C-AFM can also be used for other studies where electron transfer loss mechanisms need to be understood on the nanoscale, allowing for direct visualization of potential issues in these systems.