gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thoughts on Hierarchical Modeling Methods for Complex Structures (2009)

The crucial issue in Knowledge-Based Engineering is representation of expert knowledge in a readable way for both a computer agent and human.Properly prepared knowledge (captured, assessed, formalized and structured) plays an important role for success of every knowledge based system; particularly in the discipline of machinery design.Many knowledge model properties are of great significance, in addition to formal structure and consistency, reusability, flexibility, interoperability of knowledge model are also becoming increasingly essential for the knowledge-based systems research community.This paper presents a hybrid knowledge representation for solving deductive engineering tasks in Knowledge Based Machinery Design.We propose two different methods for storing engineering knowledge; as a repository for declarative knowledge, an ontological knowledge based was applied; for procedural knowledge storage as a formal representation, a geometrical model was used.Apart from theoretical foundations the work is also concerned with presenting and discussing an industrial application of the above-mentioned knowledge representation.As a practical part an application for engineer supporting in design process of dies with non-cutting shape forming in automotive field is indicated.This part deals with problems, challenges and bottlenecks coming up during developing process that application and shows advantages and disadvantages of this knowledge representation.For carrying out the effort CATIA V5 as Computer Aided Design system was applied.To fulfill the knowledge model requirements, especially reusability, flexibility and inter-operability, Protégé as an ontology editor and knowledge-based framework with OKBC (Open Knowledge Base Connectivity) protocol was used.
Metal Complexes with Mono‐ and Bis{[bis(2‐pyridyl)amino]carbonyl}ferrocene Ligands (2008)

Abstract The ligands {[bis(2‐pyridyl)amino]carbonyl}ferrocene ( L1 ) and 1,1′‐bis{[bis(2‐pyridyl)amino]carbonyl}ferrocene ( L2 ) have been prepared by treatment of the mono‐ or 1,1′‐bis(chlorocarbonyl)ferrocene derivatives with dipyridylamine in a 1:1 or 1:2 ratio, respectively. The ligand properties of these compounds towards group 11 and palladium complexes have been studied. Ligand L1 coordinates to these compounds to give four‐coordinate [Cu( L1 ) 2 ] + , [PdCl 2 ( L1 )] and [Ag(OTf)( L1 )(PR 3 )] or three‐coordinate [Ag(OTf)( L1 )] and [Au(C 6 F 5 )( L1 )] compounds. The ligand coordinates in a chelate fashion in all cases. The reactivity of L2 is somewhat different because coordination to copper or silver atoms can take place through several pyridine units either from different cyclopentadienido rings, as in [Cu( L2 )] + , [Ag 2 (OTf) 2 ( L2 )] and [Ag(OTf)( L2 )(PPh 3 )], or from the same cyclopentadienido ring, as in [Ag 2 (OTf) 2 ( L2 )(PPh 3 ) 2 ]. Coordination as a bridging ligand for four gold atoms has also been achieved in [Au 4 (C 6 F 5 ) 4 ( L2 )] and [Au 4 ( L2 )(PPh 3 ) 4 ](OTf) 4 . The ligands and some complexes have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction studies and show the presence of several hydrogen bonds that lead to supramolecular structures.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
An Efficient Procedure to Double and Add Points on an Elliptic Curve (2002)

Abstract. We present an algorithm that speeds exponentiation on a general elliptic curve by an estimated 3.8 % to 8.5 % over the best known general exponentiation methods when using affine coordinates. This is achieved by eliminating a field multiplication when we compute 2P + Q from given points P, Q on the curve. We give applications to simultaneous multiple exponentiation and to the Elliptic Curve Method of factorization. We show how this improvement together with another idea can speed the computation of the Weil and Tate pairings by up to 7.8%.
Many-body Green’s function theory of ferromagnetic films with arbitrarily arranged single-ion anisotropies (2006)

In the treatment of Heisenberg Hamiltonian containing single-ion anisotropy by means of many-body Green's function method, the decoupling of the anisotropy term in higher order Green's functions usually takes an Anderson-Callen (AC) form. In this paper, possible improvement schemes of AC decoupling are discussed by comparison of the results with those of quantum Monte Carlo and frame rotation methods. We choose one scheme with a factor concerning the effect of the external field. Next, we discuss a possible difficulty of the frame rotation method in treating systems with single-ion anisotropies in more than one direction. Then we extended our method [Phys. Rev. B 70, 134424 (2004)] to treat magnetic films. Some magnetic properties of ultrathin ferromagnetic films with thicknesses up to 16 monolayers are studied. The properties investigated include transition point, effective anisotropy coefficient, field-induced magnetization reorientation, and hysteresis loop. Several cases are investigated for uniaxial anisotropy and external field along different directions. The transition point, the effective anisotropy coefficient, the coercivity, and the loop area increase with increasing film thickness. The coercivity decreases and the loop area reduces with increasing temperature. The hysteresis loop along field direction is different from that along easy-axis direction. The coercivity and the area of the loop obtained in the former case are larger than the latter case. The reasons are analyzed by investigation of the trajectory of magnetization in detail. The influence of dipole interaction on the magnetic properties is discussed.
An Empirical Comparison of Preservation Methods for Synthetic DNA Data Storage (2021)

Synthetic DNA has recently risen as a viable alternative for long-term digital data storage. To ensure that information is safely recovered after storage, it is essential to appropriately preserve the physical DNA molecules encoding the data. While preservation of biological DNA has been studied previously, synthetic DNA differs in that it is typically much shorter in length, it has different sequence profiles with fewer, if any, repeats (or homopolymers), and it has different contaminants. In this paper, nine different methods used to preserve data files encoded in synthetic DNA are evaluated by accelerated aging of nearly 29 000 DNA sequences. In addition to a molecular count comparison, the DNA is also sequenced and analyzed after aging. These findings show that errors and erasures are stochastic and show no practical distribution difference between preservation methods. Finally, the physical density of these methods is compared and a stability versus density trade-offs discussion provided.
Surface Morphology and Electrical Properties of Cu<sub>3</sub>BTC<sub>2</sub> Thin Films Before and After Reaction with TCNQ (2018)

HKUST-1 or Cu<sub>3</sub>BTC<sub>2</sub> (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) is a prototypical metal-organic framework (MOF) that holds a privileged position among MOFs for device applications, as it can be deposited as thin films on various substrates and surfaces. Recently, new potential applications in electronics have emerged for this material when HKUST-1 was demonstrated to become electrically conductive upon infiltration with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). However, the factors that control the morphology and reactivity of the thin films are unknown. Here, we present a study of the thin-film growth process on indium tin oxide and amorphous Si prior to infiltration. From the unusual bimodal, non-log-normal distribution of crystal domain sizes, we conclude that the nucleation of new layers of Cu<sub>3</sub>BTC<sub>2</sub> is greatly enhanced by surface defects and thus difficult to control. We then show that these films can react with methanolic TCNQ solutions to form dense films of the coordination polymer Cu(TCNQ). This chemical conversion is accompanied by dramatic changes in surface morphology, from a surface dominated by truncated octahedra to randomly oriented thin platelets. The change in morphology suggests that the chemical reaction occurs in the liquid phase and is independent of the starting surface morphology. The chemical transformation is accompanied by 10 orders of magnitude change in electrical conductivity, from <10<sup>-11</sup> S/cm for the parent Cu<sub>3</sub>BTC<sub>2</sub> material to 10<sup>-1</sup> S/cm for the resulting Cu(TCNQ) film. The conversion of Cu<sub>3</sub>BTC<sub>2</sub> films, which can be grown and patterned on a variety of (nonplanar) substrates, to Cu(TCNQ) opens the door for the facile fabrication of more complex electronic devices.
Concise synthesis of calystegines B<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>3</sub>via intramolecular Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction (2016)

The key step in the concise syntheses of calystegine B2 and its C-2 epimer calystegine B3 was the construction of cycloheptanone 8via an intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction of 9, an aldehyde containing a Z-vinyl iodide. Vinyl iodide 9 was obtained by the Stork olefination of aldehyde 10, derived from carbohydrate starting materials. Calystegines B2 (3) and B3 (4) were synthesized from d-xylose and l-arabinose derivatives respectively in 11 steps in excellent overall yields (27% and 19%).
Regorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) in routine clinical practice: Interim analysis of the prospective, observational REFINE trial. (2020)

542 Background: Regorafenib significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus placebo in patients (pts) with uHCC who progressed on prior sorafenib therapy in the phase 3 RESORCE trial. The multicenter, international REFINE trial was designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of regorafenib in uHCC in the real-world setting. Methods: This prospective, observational trial aims to recruit 1000 pts with uHCC for whom a decision to treat with regorafenib has been made by the treating physician prior to enrollment according to the local health authority approved label. The primary endpoint is the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and dose modifications due to TEAEs (NCI-CTCAE v4.03). Secondary endpoints are OS, progression-free survival, time to progression, best overall tumor response, and duration of treatment. Tumor response and progression are assessed per investigator according to local standard. An interim analysis includes the first 500 pts observed for ≥4 months. We report baseline characteristics, starting dose, and treatment duration for the interim analysis. Results: Of 498 pts evaluable for analysis, median age was 67 years (range: 22–91) and 84% were male. 59% were from Asia. Proportions of pts with ECOG performance status 0–1/≥2 were 82%/5% (missing 13%); 67% and 11% of pts had Child–Pugh A and B liver function, respectively (missing/not evaluable 21%). 60% of pts had metastases and 33% had vascular invasion. HCC etiology included hepatitis B 37%, alcohol use 26%, hepatitis C 23%, and NASH 7%. Baseline alpha-fetoprotein levels were &lt; 400/≥400 ng/mL in 44%/26% of pts (missing 31%). The initial regorafenib dose was 160 mg/day (d) in 58% of pts, 120 mg/d in 13%, and 80 mg/d in 28% (8 pts initiated at 40 mg/d). The mean (SD) initial daily dose was 131 mg/d (37). Median duration of treatment was 3.7 months (IQR: 1.9–8.5). Conclusions: In this interim analysis of the observational REFINE study, some differences were observed in the characteristics of pts treated with regorafenib from the phase 3 RESORCE trial, reflecting less stringent inclusion criteria in a real-world study. Efficacy and safety analyses are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03289273.
Combining large area fluorescence with multiphoton microscopy for improved detection of oral epithelial neoplasia(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Volumetric Multiphoton Autofluorescence Microscopy (MPAM) and Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy (SHGM) show promise for revealing indicators of neoplasia representing the complex microstructural organization of mucosa, potentially providing high specificity for detection of neoplasia, but is limited by small imaging area. Large area fluorescence methods on the other hand show high sensitivity appropriate for screening but are hampered by low specificity. In this study, we apply MPAM-SHGM following guidance from large area fluorescence, by either autofluorescence or a targeted metabolic fluorophore, as a potentially clinically viable approach for detection of oral neoplasia. Sites of high neoplastic potentially were identified by large area red/green autofluorescence or by a fluorescently labelled deoxy-glucose analog, 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose (2-NBDG) to highlight areas of high glucose uptake across the buccal pouch of a hamster model for OSCC. Follow-up MPAM-SHGM was conducted on regions of interests (ROIs) to assess whether microscopy would reveal microscopic features associated with neoplasia to confirm or exclude large area fluorescence findings. Parameters for analysis included cytologic metrics, 3D epithelial connective tissue interface metrics (MPAM-SHGM) and intensity of fluorescence (widefield). Imaged sites were biopsied and processed for histology and graded by a pathologist. A small sample of human ex vivo tissues were also imaged. A generalized linear model combining image metrics from large area fluorescence and volumetric MPAM-SHGM indicated the ability to delineate normal and inflammation from neoplasia.
Visualization of mRNA translation in living cells (2006)

The role of mRNA localization is presumably to effect cell asymmetry by synthesizing proteins in specific cellular compartments. However, protein synthesis has never been directly demonstrated at the sites of mRNA localization. To address this, we developed a live cell method for imaging translation of beta-actin mRNA. Constructs coding for beta-actin, containing tetracysteine motifs, were transfected into C2C12 cells, and sites of nascent polypeptide chains were detected using the biarsenial dyes FlAsH and ReAsH, a technique we call translation site imaging. These sites colocalized with beta-actin mRNA at the leading edge of motile myoblasts, confirming that they were translating. beta-Actin mRNA lacking the sequence (zipcode) that localizes the mRNA to the cell periphery, eliminated the translation there. A pulse-chase experiment on living cells showed that the recently synthesized protein correlated spatially with the sites of its translation. Additionally, localization of beta-actin mRNA and translation activity was enhanced at cell contacts and facilitated the formation of intercellular junctions.
Two‐Step Catalytic Transformation of <i>N</i>‐Benzyllactams to Alkaloids (±)‐Solenopsin, (±)‐Solenopsin A, and (+)‐Julifloridine (2019)

We report herein that the Ir and Cu I bis‐metal catalyzed reductive alkynylation of amides, a method that we developed previously, can be extended to 6‐, 7‐, and 8‐membered lactams. The catalytic reductive alkynylation of 6‐methyl‐2‐piperidinones and its 3‐benzyloxy derivative proceeded with 2.3:1 to 7:1 2,6‐ trans/cis diastereoselectivities. The resulting piperidines were converted into alkaloids (±)‐solenopsin, (±)‐solenopsin A, and (+)‐julifloridine all in only one step. This two‐step approach to the alkaloids is much shorter and much efficient than the conventional multistep methods.
One-pot aqueous synthesis of ultrathin trimetallic PdPtCu nanosheets for the electrooxidation of alcohols (2019)

Ultrathin PdPtCu nanosheets were prepared by a facile, eco-friendly, and low-cost synthetic method and exhibited remarkably enhanced performances towards various electrocatalytic alcohol oxidations due to synergistic structural and compositional advantages.
Carbon nanowalls as a platform for biological SERS studies (2017)

Herein we report about developing new type of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates based on Au-decorated carbon nanowalls. The designed substrates possess high specific surface area and high sensitivity. Chemical stability of Au perfectly blends with electrical properties and high value of specific surface area of carbon nanowalls. Created structures were applied to detect signals of a typical molecule used for SERS substrates testing, rhodamine 6G, which exhibits electronic absorption in the visible area of spectrum, and biomacromolecules such as tryptophan, guanine, bovine serum albumin and keratin hydrolysates, whose electronic absorption is in the ultraviolet region of spectrum and lies far from the Au plasmonic resonance. The obtained signals for these compounds suggest that the developed substrate is a prominent platform for the detection of biological macromolecules. The properties of the substrate, including its morphology and Au film thickness, as well as the analyte deposition method, were optimized to achieve the optimum Raman signal enhancement. Electric field distribution in the designed structures was calculated to describe the observed dependence of SERS activity on the substrate morphology.
Anti‐inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of <i>Lepidium sativum</i> (2022)

The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of <i>L. sativum</i> could be explored in clinical trials to treat inflammatory and immune system illnesses.
Mass Conservation Enhancement of Free Boundary Mesolevel Flows during LCM Processes of Composites Manufacturing (2009)

Undesirable void formation during the injection phase of the liquid composite moulding process can be understood as a consequence of the non-uniformity of the flow front progression, caused by the dual porosity of the fibre perform.Therefore the best examination of the void formation physics can be provided by a mesolevel analysis, where the characteristic dimension is given by the fibre tow diameter.In mesolevel analysis, liquid impregnation along two different scales; inside fibre tows and within the open spaces between them; must be considered and the coupling between these flow regimes must be addressed.In such case, it is extremely important to account correctly for the surface tension effects, which can be modelled as capillary pressure applied at the flow front.Numerical implementation of such boundary conditions leads to ill-posing of the problem, in terms of the weak classical as well as stabilized formulation.As a consequence, there is an error in mass conservation accumulated especially along the free flow front.This contribution presents a numerical procedure, which was formulated and implemented in the existing Free Boundary Program in order to significantly reduce this error.
A Printable Optical Time‐Temperature Integrator Based on Shape Memory in a Chiral Nematic Polymer Network (2013)

Abstract An optical and irreversible temperature sensor (e.g., a time‐temperature integrator) is reported based on a mechanically embossed chiral‐nematic polymer network. The polymer consists of a chemical and a physical (hydrogen‐bonded) network and has a reflection band in the visible wavelength range. The sensors are produced by mechanical embossing at elevated temperatures. A relative large compressive deformation (up to 10%) is obtained inducing a shift to shorter wavelength of the reflection band (&gt;30 nm). After embossing, a temperature sensor is obtained that exhibits an irreversible optical response. A permanent color shift to longer wavelengths (red) is observed upon heating of the polymer material to temperatures above the glass transition temperature. It is illustrated that the observed permanent color shift is related to shape memory in the polymer material. The films can be printed on a foil, thus showing that these sensors are potentially interesting as time‐temperature integrators for applications in food and pharmaceutical products.
Development of a <sup>177</sup> Lu-Labeled RGD Derivative for Targeting Angiogenesis (2010)

Abstract Various Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) derivatives have been labeled with various radioisotopes for targeting α(v)β₃ integrin, which is expressed during angiogenesis in tumor. In this study, 2-(4'-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA-SCN) and its c(RGDyK) conjugate (NOTA-SCN-c(RGDyK)) were labeled with ¹⁷⁷Lu, which is a near ideal radionuclide for treating tumors because it emits therapeutic beta particles and gamma rays for monitoring. ¹⁷⁷Lu (250 MBq) was labeled with 50 μg NOTA-SCN-c(RGDyK) quantitatively. The specific activity of ¹⁷⁷Lu-NOTA-SCN-c(RGDyK) was 1.44 × 10⁵ Ci/mol. Biodistribution study was performed in Balb/c mice xenografted with CT-26 (mouse colon cancer) cells. The highest uptake was found in kidneys (7.56% ± 0.71% ID/g at 1 hour), and tumor uptake was 1.70% ± 0.33% ID/g at 1 hour postinjection. Moderate tumor-to-blood (2.36 ± 0.29) and tumor-to-muscle (2.06 ± 0.40) ratios were observed. This study shows that ¹⁷⁷Lu-NOTA-SCN-c(RGDyK) is a potential therapeutic agent for angiogenic tumors, but special care is required to prevent kidney toxicity.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of (E)-19-iodo-3,3-dimethyl-18-nonadecenoic acid, a new dimethyl-branched long-chain fatty acid to evaluate regional myocardial fatty acid uptake (1986)

The synthetic method for the preparation of (E)-19-iodo-3,3-dimethyl-18-nonadecenoic acid (DMIVN) involved introduction of substituents into the 2- and 5-positions of a thiophene ring followed by sulfur extrusion of a 2,5-dialkyl thiophene derivative to provide a key 3,3-dimethyl-branched fatty acid intermediate, 17-iodo-3,3-dimethylheptadecanoic acid. Myocardial subcellular distribution studies of the /sup 125/I-labeled DMIVN in fasted rats showed a higher association of radioactivity with the microsomes when compared to the results obtained with the 19-carbon straight chain analogue. With the nonfasted rats the distribution profiles of the two analogues showed differences that seemed to correlate with the differences in myocardial retention that fasting and feeding can induce. 5 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Assignment Messages and Exchanges (2017)

In abstract mechanism theory, the designer is often presumed able to create a direct mechanism in which each participant reports its “type,” revealing the participant's preferences along with anything else the participant may know. In practice, these details can be too numerous to report. For example, in Federal Communciations Commission (FCC) Auction No. 66 with 1,132 licenses for sale, a type includes a vector of values for every subset of licenses. Reporting that vector would have entailed reporting 21132 numbers.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious in situ Preparation of Benzyl (S)‐2‐Aziridinecarboxylate. (1990)

Abstract The title compound (II) is prepared under very mild conditions and in high yield starting from the serine ester (I), which undergoes smooth cyclodehydration on treatment with diethoxytriphenylphosphorane.
Development on in-phase actuator mechanism in hard disk drives papers (2005)

This research shows the new design concept of an actuator in hard disk drives. The actuator which has several higher-order mechanical resonance determine the stability and mechanical noise suppression ability of the servo control system. We presented the new design concept that higher resonance are made in-phase to the first major resonance. In this concept, all the resonance with high gain are in-phase but the out-phase resonance's gain are reduced. It is shown that the prototype actuator based on this concept can be compensated only by the compensator which is designed for the first major resonance.