gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemistry of spermidine synthase (1982)

The biosynthesis of polyamines is a topic of current interest. A number of methods for the isolation and analysis of these polyamines have been described in the literature. However, the stereochemical course of the biosynthesis of these polyamines is still undefined.&#13;\n&#13;\nAfter a general introduction to the importance of the polyamines in living cells (Chapter 1), Chapter 2 outlines the materials, methods and the instruments used in this project. In Chapter 3, isolation, separation and analysis of the polyamines via their phenylaminothiocarbonyl derivatives is described. The ¹H and ¹³C n.m.r. spectroscopic analyses of these derivatives are also described. The synthesis of amino acids specifically or stereospecifically labelled with deuterium after some modifications of a literature method, are described in Chapter 4. The biosynthesis of spermidine from putrescine and ²H or ¹³C labelled methionine is described in Chapter 5. This Chapter demonstrates the incorporation of the 3-aminopropyl group of the labelled methionine as an intact unit into spermidine. The condensation reaction between ethanal and 1,3-diaminopropane is described in Chapter 6. The products of such condensations, namely hexahydropyrimidine compounds were acetylated. Full ¹H n.m.r. analysis for the hexahydropyrimidines and their acetyl derivatives are described. Decouplings in some cases are necessary to assure the assignment of the spectrum. The stereochemistry of spermidine synthase is studied in Chapter 7. In this Chapter, hexahydropyrimidine derivatives of stereospecifically labelled biosynthetic [1',2'-²H₂]spermidines were used to define the relative configurations at the labelled methylenes (by 400 MHz ¹H n.m.r. spectroscopy). A definite judgement of the stereochemistry of spermidine synthase necessitated the synthesis of stereospecifically labelled [1',2'-²H₂]spermidines. The hexahydropyrimidines of these spermidines are compared with those of the biosynthetic spermidines obtained from stereospecifically labelled methionines by the action of E. coli cells. The outcome of this work demonstrates the inversion of configuration at C-3 of the 3-aminopropyl group (originally C-4 of methionine) after its incorporation into spermidine.
Isomer Selective Comprehensive Lipidomics Analysis of Phosphoinositides in Biological Samples by Liquid Chromatography with Data Independent Acquisition Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2021)

Phosphoinositides (PIPx) play central roles in membrane dynamics and signal transduction of key functions like cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion. They are highly regulated through a network of distinct phosphatidylinositol phosphates consisting of seven groups and three regioisomers in two groups (PIP and PIP2), which arise from phosphorylation at 3', 4', and 5' positions of the inositol ring. Numerous studies have revealed the importance of both fatty acyl chains, degree of phosphorylation, and phosphorylation positions under physiological and pathological states. However, a comprehensive analytical method that allows differentiation of all regioisomeric forms with different acyl side chains and degrees of phosphorylation is still lacking. Here, we present an integrated comprehensive workflow of PIPx analysis utilizing a chiral polysaccharide stationary phase coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry with a data independent acquisition technique using the SWATH technology. Correspondingly, a targeted data mining strategy in the untargeted comprehensively acquired MS and MS/MS data was developed. This powerful highly selective method gives a full picture of PIPx profiles in biological samples. Herein, we present for the first time the full PIPx profiles of NIST SRM1950 plasma, <i>Pichia pastoris</i> lipid extract, and HeLa cell extract, including profile changes upon treatment with potential PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. We also illustrate using this inhibitor that measurements of the PIPx profile averaged over the distinct regioisomers by analytical procedures, which cannot differentiate between the individual PIPx isomers, can easily lead to biased conclusions.
Labeling board based on boundary tracking (2003)

Describes a newly developed labeling board based on an algorithm in a combination of raster scanning and boundary tracking. This board employs the boundary tracking method and does not require a working memory for temporary labels, and thus it can process labels in size 512*512 images without restricting the maximum numbers of connected regions. It can also count holes within regions, and control labeling by using the perimeter of regions, at the same time of labelling. The processing time is 50 msec for size 512*512 real images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fully Secure and Fast Signing from Obfuscation (2014)

In this work we explore new techniques for building short signatures from obfuscation. Our goals are twofold. First, we would like to achieve short signatures with adaptive security proofs. Second, we would like to build signatures with fast signing, ideally significantly faster than comparable signatures that are not based on obfuscation. The goal here is to create an "imbalanced'' scheme where signing is fast at the expense of slower verification.
Inner-Loop Feedback for Deadband Compensation in Electromechanical Flight Surface Actuation Systems (2005)

This manuscript pertains to the application of an inner-loop control strategy to electro-mechanical flight surface actuation systems. Modular Electro-Mechanical Actuators (EMA) are increasingly used in-lieu of centralized hydraulics for the control of flight surfaces in the aerospace sector. The presence of what is termed as a dead zone in these actuators significantly affects the maneuverability, stability, and the flight profiles of aircrafts that use this actuation concept. The hypothesis of our research is that flight surface actuation systems may be desensitized to the effects of dead zone by using a control strategy with multiple inner-loops. The proposed strategy involves: high-gain inner-loop velocity control of the driving motor; and inner-loop compensation for the differential velocity between the motor versus the aileron. Our results indicate that this strategy is very effective and that it can considerably improve the system’s performance. The above hypothesis is confirmed by theoretical and simulated analysis using the model of an EMA flight surface actuator.
Improvement of CO<sub>2</sub> absorption using AL<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofluids in a stirred thermostatic reactor (2015)

The improvement of CO 2 absorption by Al 2 O 3 nanofluids with deionized water as the base fluid was studied experimentally. The reactor used was a stirred thermostatic reactor, operated batchwise. Pure CO 2 was employed in all the experiments. The content of Al 2 O 3 in nanofluids ranged from 0 to 0.2 % (wt). Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was employed to improve the stability of the nanofluids, and the combined effect of nanoparticles and surfactants on the absorption enhancement was studied. The parameters such as the concentration of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles and surfactants, the stirring speed, and the ultrasonic time were varied. The results show that the nanoparticle mass fraction and the ultrasonic time have an optimum value for the CO 2 absorption enhancement. The combination of surfactants and nanoparticles improves the enhancement performance of Al 2 O 3 nanofluids more effectively than that without surfactants. With the increase of the stirring speed, the effective absorption ratio in stable nanofluids declines, while in poorly dispersed Al 2 O 3 suspensions, it is increased first and then reduced. The mechanism of the Al 2 O 3 nanofluid enhancing CO 2 absorption is discussed accordingly. The absorption enhancement by the Al 2 O 3 nanofluid is mainly attributable to convective motion induced by the Brownian motion.
Autoantibodies to the Thyrotropin Receptor (1988)

This review considers recent developments in our understanding of the properties of TRAb, particularly measurement of the antibodies and their sites of action and synthesis. Two new assay methods have allowed considerable improvements in the sensitivity, specificity, precision, and ease of measuring TRAb. In particular: 1) receptor assays based on inhibition of receptor-purified labeled TSH binding to detergent-solubilized TSH receptors and 2) bioassays based on stimulation of cAMP release from monolayer cultures of isolated thyroid cells. Detailed studies with the two assays indicate that TSH receptor antibodies nearly always act as TSH agonists in patients with a history of Graves' hyperthyroidism. Studies in areas of dietary iodine sufficiency suggest that measurement of the antibodies at various stages in the course of treating Graves' disease can be of value in predicting the outcome of therapy. However, in areas of iodine deficiency, difficulties in the ability of patients' thyroid tissue to recover from the effects of antithyroid drugs may prevent the receptor antibodies from causing a relapse of thyrotoxicosis. Consequently, the predictive value of receptor antibody measurements would be expected to be lower in these geographical areas. Although patients with a history of Graves' hyperthyroidism nearly always have TRAb which act as TSH agonists, about 20% of patients with frank hypothyroidism due to autoimmune destruction of the thyroid have TRAb which act as TSH antagonists (blocking antibodies). There is some evidence that these blocking antibodies can cause hypothyroidism particularly in the neonate. With regard to the site of synthesis of TRAb, there is now direct evidence that they are synthesized by thyroid lymphocytes, particularly the lymphocytes in close proximity to thyroid follicular cells. This is consistent with the well established effects of antithyroid treatment (drugs, radioiodine, or surgery) on TRAb levels in addition to their effects on thyroid hormone synthesis. Recent studies using affinity labeling with 125I-labeled TSH have enabled elucidation of the structure of the TSH receptor. TSH receptors in human, porcine, and guinea pig thyroid tissue have a two-chain structure in which the TSH binding site is formed on the outside surface of the cell membrane by a water-soluble A subunit (Mr approximately 50 K). The A subunit is linked by a disulfide bridge and weak noncovalent bonds to the amphiphilic B subunit (Mr approximately 30 K). This subunit, which penetrates the lipid bilayer, probably forms the site for interaction of the receptor with the regulatory subunits of adenylate cyclase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Optical and dosimeter properties of Li&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O–Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;–B&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; based glasses (2017)

In this study, we report on the optical and thermolumienscence (TL) properties of newly developed (30 − x)Li2O–20Al2O3–50B2O3–2xCeO2 (values are in mol %) glass dosimeters prepared by a conventional melt quenching method. The optical absorption spectra showed broad absorption band in the 200–370 nm wavelength with Ce-doping. The photoluminescence (PL) band appeared near the wavelength of 365 nm under excitation at 240, 270, and 315 nm, which is due to the transition from 5d excited states to 4f (2F5/2, 2F7/2) ground states of Ce3+. In the TL glow curve measurements, the Ce-doped glasses exhibited a dominant glow peak in the 370–425 K temperature range. The 0.5 cat% Ce-doped glass (x = 0.5) showed the highest TL intensities in our prepared glasses. The 5d–4f (2F5/2, 2F7/2) emission band of Ce3+ also appeared in the 365 nm wavelength range in the TL spectrum. TL response in the dynamic range was confirmed using the 0.5 cat% Ce-doped glass over 10−3–102 Gy X-ray dose.
Effect of Intraperitoneal ATP on Tumor Growth and Bone Marrow Radiation Tolerance (1995)

Transplants of a spontaneous murine fibrosarcoma (FSaII) treated with intraperitoneal ATP were studied in vitro, and in both C3H and nu/nu mice. Daily ATP treatment prolonged tumor volume doubling time in vivo and in vitro. Daily ATP treatments at the maximally tolerated dose (2 mmol/kg i.p.) did not significantly affect the pH or the PCr/Pi, or beta ATP/Pi ratios (measured by MRS). In contrast to the reduced tumor growth rate, there was no change in bone marrow recovery after whole body irradiation. ATP is minimally toxic to animals at active dose levels. It slows tumor growth rate without adversely affecting bone marrow radiation tolerance. ATP might therefore be useful as a biological modifier of chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Synthesis, Electrochemical, and Computational Studies of Organocerium(III) Complexes with Ce–Aryl Sigma Bonds (2022)

A set of organolanthanide(III) complexes featuring Ce(III)–Caryl σ-bonds have been synthesized and characterized. The syntheses follow salt metathesis reactions of the salts: ortho-lithiated oxazoline (Li-ortho-oxa) (L1) and Li2-biphenyl (L2) with the corresponding metallocene precursors: 1-Ln ([(C5Me5)2LnKCl2(THF)]n) Ln = La and Ce, 2-La, ([(C5Me4SiMe3)2LaKCl2(THF)]n) and 2-Ce ([((C5Me4SiMe3)2CeKCl2)(Et2O)0.5]n). Electrochemical studies were performed for the organolanthanide(III) complexes. Reversible Ce(III)/Ce(IV) redox couples were observed for (C5Me5)2Ce(κ2-ortho-oxa) (3-Ce) and [Li(DME)3][(C5Me5)2Ce(biphen)] (5-Ce) complexes. However, complex (C5Me4(SiMe3))2Ce(κ2-ortho-oxa) (4-Ce) showed an irreversible Ce(III/IV) oxidation wave. A DFT-computed redox potential for 3-Ce showed good agreement with experiment. For 5-Ce, calculations indicated that the redox potential may be influenced strongly by speciation changes associated with the Li(DME)3+ cation becoming outer-sphere. Bonding analysis suggests strong bond polarization in the title complexes (3-Ce and 5-Ce) with weights of 7–8% from Ce in the Ce−Caryl donation-bond orbitals. Attempts to isolate Ce(IV) species from these complexes resulted into the decomposition of the products into unidentified Ce(III) species, indicating that the bulky and electron-donating cyclopentadienide derivatives, ortho-oxazolide ligand, and/or the biphenylide ligand do not effectively stabilize the organocerium(IV) complexes against decomposition under the conditions employed.
A realistic flow phantom model of the carotid artery in preterm infants for training and research (2020)

It is feasible to produce a realistic flow phantom model of the neonatal carotid artery of preterm infants. Diameter measurements were underestimated and flow measurements were overestimated. These errors fell within acceptable limits for in vivo measurements. If these limitations were related to materials, this could be explored using a wall-less model. The flow phantom could be utilised for research and training clinicians in measuring cerebral blood flow using the carotid artery in this vulnerable group of infants.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF ALCOHOLS. VII. OPTICALLY ACTIVE HOMOALLYL ALCOHOLS VIA ADDITION OF CHIRAL BORONATES TO ALDEHYDES (1981)

Abstract Durch Addition der chiralen Boronsäureester (Ia) bzw. (Ib) an entsprechende Aldehyde (II) werden die optisch aktiven Homoallylalkohole (III) bzw. (IV) gewonnen.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of seminar as an educational tool among the medical post graduate students (2016)

Background: The departments of medical colleges have a greater responsibility in making the study methods of their subject innovative, interesting and participatory for the post graduate students. One such method adopted is organizing seminars for the post graduate students. The post graduate education depends on self-learning. Knowledge acquisition through seminars forms an essential part of their training programme.Methods: This study assesses the role of seminar as teaching-learning tool by recording the perception of post graduates on seminars through a questionnaire based survey.Results: The scores for most of the items of a twenty point questionnaire were above three indicating the learning from seminar is satisfactory. Seminar methods of teaching-learning, in contrast to the traditional didactic class room lecture method, is more effective way of learning, which is relevant to self-development and is also interactive. This method provokes discussions and debates which help post graduate students to voice their opinion and clear their doubts. Conclusions: Many of the post graduate students feel that this technique of seminar programme is useful amidst some suggestions to improve quality. Thus the post graduate seminar method is a teaching-learning method that covers the three major domains of teaching i.e., cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills and is thus effective and well -accepted among the post graduate students.
Ion-trap tandem mass spectrometric analysis of Amadori-glycated phosphatidylethanolamine in human plasma with or without diabetes (2005)

Peroxidized phospholipid-mediated cytotoxicity is involved in the pathophysiology of diseases [i.e., an abnormal increase of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) in plasma of type 2 diabetic patients]. The PCOOH accumulation may relate to Amadori-glycated phosphatidylethanolamine (Amadori-PE; deoxy-D-fructosyl phosphatidylethanolamine), because Amadori-PE causes oxidative stress. However, the occurrence of lipid glycation products, including Amadori-PE, in vivo is still unclear. Consequently, we developed an analysis method of Amadori-PE using a quadrupole/linear ion-trap mass spectrometer, the Applied Biosystems QTRAP. In positive ion mode, collision-induced dissociation of Amadori-PE produced a well-characterized diglyceride ion ([M+H-303]+) permitting neutral loss scanning and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). When lipid extract from diabetic plasma was infused directly into the QTRAP, Amadori-PE molecular species could be screened out by neutral loss scanning. Interfacing liquid chromatography with QTRAP mass spectrometry enabled the separation and determination of predominant plasma Amadori-PE species with sensitivity of approximately 0.1 pmol/injection in MRM. The plasma Amadori-PE level was 0.08 mol% of total PE in healthy subjects and 0.15-0.29 mol% in diabetic patients. Furthermore, plasma Amadori-PE levels were positively correlated with PCOOH (a maker for oxidative stress). These results show the involvement between lipid glycation and lipid peroxidation in diabetes pathogenesis.
Computation of normal velocity from local phase information (2003)

A technique for the estimation of 2-D normal velocity is presented. The image sequence is first represented by a family of velocity-tuned linear filters. Normal velocity, in the individual filter outputs, is expressed as the local first-order behavior of surfaces of constant phase. Justification for this is discussed, and it is shown to provide an effective basis for the local computation of normal velocity. The resultant approach is local in space-time. It permits multiple velocity estimates within a single neighborhood, and it yields accurate velocity estimates that are robust with respect to noise and perspective deformation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enhanced Intracellular Delivery of Quantum Dot and Adenovirus Nanoparticles Triggered by Acidic pH via Surface Charge Reversal (2008)

Quantum dot (QD) and adenovirus (ADV) nanoparticles were surface-modified with graft copolymers that exhibited a charge reversal behavior under acidic condition. Poly(L-lysine) (PLL) was grafted with multiple biotin-PEG chains (biotin-PEG-PLL graft copolymer), and the remaining primary amine groups in the PLL backbone were postmodified using citraconic anhydride, a pH-sensitive primary amine blocker, to generate carboxylate groups. The surfaces of streptavidin-conjugated QDs were modified with citraconylated biotin-PEG-PLL copolymer, producing net negatively charged QD nanoparticles. Under acidic conditions, citraconylated amide linkages were cleaved, resulting in the recovery of positively charged amine groups with subsequent alteration of surface charge values. Intracellular delivery of QD nanoparticles was greatly enhanced in an acidic pH condition due to the surface charge reversal. The surface of avidin-conjugated adenovirus (ADV-Avi) encoding an exogenous green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was also modified in the same fashion. The expression extent of GFP was significantly increased at more acidic pH than pH 7.4. This study demonstrates that various nanosized drug carriers, imaging agents, and viruses could be surface-engineered to enhance their cellular uptake specifically at a low pH microenvironment like solid tumor tissue.
Novel Multifunctional (Meth)acrylate Alkoxysilanes as Precursors for Inorganic‐Organic Copolymers (1993)

Multifunctional (meth)acrylate alkoxysilanes synthesized from commercially available acrylate compounds and mercapto-substituted alkoxysilanes or hydrosilanes are used as novel precursors for inorganic-organic copolymers. The alkoxysilyl groups are available for the formation of an inorganic Si-O-Si backbone by sol-gel processing. The (meth)acrylate groups allow the additional formation of organic polymer units by thermally or photochemically induced polymerisation reactions.
Characterization of Magnetic Markers for Liquid-Phase Immunoassays Using Brownian Relaxation (2012)

We characterized the magnetic markers used in biological immunoassays based on Brownian relaxation. Because the markers are composed of aggregated nanoparticles, i.e., magnetic nanoclusters, we first clarified their magnetic properties using AC susceptibility measurements, magnetization ( M – H ) curves, and magnetic relaxation properties. Analyzing the experimental results, we obtained the key parameters for the immunoassay, i.e., hydrodynamic diameter d h , magnetic moment m B , and anisotropy energy E B of the markers. Because these parameters were distributed in practical samples, we took their distribution into account in the analysis. Next, we showed the relationship between these parameters obtained from different samples. It was shown that m B increased approximately in proportion to d h . On the other hand, no clear correlation between m B and E B was obtained. These results were very different from those expected from single-domain nanoparticles and must be taken into account when magnetic markers are used in immunoassays based on Brownian relaxation.
Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Clearance Are Heritable and Have Strong Genetic Correlation in Mexican Americans (2013)

These data support a strong familial basis for insulin sensitivity and MCRI in Mexican Americans. The strong genetic correlations between MCRI and SI suggest common genetic determinants.