gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation and testing of a lateral, microfabricated electron-impact ion source (2009)

Simulation and experimental testing of a miniaturized, lateral, electron-impact ionization source are reported. Modeling and subsequent optimization of the device design led to a tenfold improvement in the performance of the device in comparison with earlier designs. Increased electron current contributing to ionization and increased ion collection efficiency are believed to be the main factors responsible for this improvement. SIMION software was used to model the behavior of the devices and understand the improvement in performance. The ion source can operate in a wide pressure range from 0.1 to 100 mTorr and generate ion currents in excess of 1 μA.
Optimality of (&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;) policies with nonlinear processes (2016)

It is observed empirically that mean-reverting processes are more realistic in modeling the inventory level of a company. In a typical mean-reverting process, the inventory level is assumed to be linearly dependent on the deviation of the inventory level from the long-term mean. However, when the deviation is large, it is reasonable to assume that the company might want to increase the intensity of interference to the inventory level significantly rather than in a linear manner. In this paper, we attempt to model inventory replenishment as a nonlinear continuous feedback process. We study both infinite horizon discounted cost and the long-run average cost, and derive the corresponding optimal (s, S) policy.
Serum amyloid A delivers retinol to intestinal myeloid cells to promote adaptive immunity (2021)

Vitamin A and its derivative retinol are essential for the development of intestinal adaptive immunity. Retinoic acid (RA)–producing myeloid cells are central to this process, but how myeloid cells acquire retinol for conversion to RA is unknown. Here, we show that serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins—retinol-binding proteins induced in intestinal epithelial cells by the microbiota—deliver retinol to myeloid cells. We identify low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor–related protein 1 (LRP1) as an SAA receptor that endocytoses SAA-retinol complexes and promotes retinol acquisition by RA-producing intestinal myeloid cells. Consequently, SAA and LRP1 are essential for vitamin A–dependent immunity, including B and T cell homing to the intestine and immunoglobulin A production. Our findings identify a key mechanism by which vitamin A promotes intestinal immunity.
Revised supplementary Table 2 from Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies MEN1 and MAX Mutations and a Neuroendocrine-Like Molecular Heterogeneity in Quadruple WT GIST (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2. The most important miRNA predicted as potential regulators of Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signature genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Piecewise linear value function approximation for factored MDPs (2002)

A number of proposals have been put forth in recent years for the solution of Markov decision processes (MDPs) whose state (and sometimes action) spaces are factored. One recent class of methods involves linear value function approximation, where the optimal value function is assumed to be a linear combination of some set of basis functions, with the aim of finding suitable weights. While sophisticated techniques have been developed for finding the best approximation within this constrained space, few methods have been proposed for choosing a suitable basis set, or modifying it if solution quality is found wanting. We propose a general framework, and specific proposals, that address both of these questions. In particular, we examine weakly coupled MDPs where a number of subtasks can be viewed independently modulo resource constraints. We then describe methods for constructing a piecewise linear combination of the subtask value functions, using greedy decision tree techniques. We argue that this architecture is suitable for many types of MDPs whose combinatorics are determined largely by the existence multiple conflicting objectives.
S0329 Patient Factors and Adenomatous Polyp Detection Rates for Gastrointestinal Medicine (GI) Fellows (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Screening colonoscopies are crucial for prevention of colon cancer. Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a widely accepted benchmark on quality for screening colonoscopy. It is defined as the proportion of complete screening colonoscopies performed, where one or more adenomas are detected. Goal ADRs have been established at greater than 30% for males, 20% for females, and 25% combined. These rates were established as a result of disease prevalence seen on large scale studies. Our study analyzes ADRs and patient factors of colonoscopies performed by GI fellows. METHODS: Retrospective review of 795 patient colonoscopy reports, after exclusion, was performed at an urban academic hospital. Exclusion criteria comprised those with poor bowel prep, inpatient diagnostic colonoscopies, history of colon surgery, colonoscopies performed by more than one fellow and unavailable pathology results. Patient factors studied include age, height, body mass index (BMI), gender, race, anesthesia type (conscious vs general). All adenomatous polyps were confirmed by pathology. RESULTS: For our patient population, median age was 58 years, 49.8% were male, 46.3% Caucasian, and 48.6% African American. Overall ADR in males, females and combined were 48.6%, 36.7% and 42.1% respectively. According to logistic regression models, age at colonoscopy and gender are significantly associated with ADR. When age increased by 10 years, odds of detecting adenomas increased by 65%. Odds of detecting adenoma is about 43.4% lower in females when compared to males. There appears to be a higher ADR in taller patients with heights being grouped by tertials, although not statistically significant (P = 0.062). Odds of detecting adenoma is expected to be 50% higher for 2nd year GI fellows compared to 1st year fellows. There was no significant difference in ADR based on BMI, race or type of anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Only few studies have evaluated patient factors in colonoscopies done by fellows in training, under attending supervision. Overall ADR was above the quality standard both combined and separated by gender. As suggested by prior studies, age and male gender increase odds of detecting adenomas. Although previous studies support a direct relationship between BMI and increased ADRs, our data did not show significant difference. ADR for fellows was higher than the established quality metrics, substantiating that fellows with close attending supervision can perform at or above the national standard.Table 1Table 2
155. Aufarbeitung von Kühlschmierstoffen im Festbett‐Umlaufreaktor (1999)

S.1045
A Miniaturized Ligand Binding Assay for EGFR (2012)

In order to study receptor abundance and its function in solutions or in homogenates from clinical specimen, methods such as sandwich or radioimmunoassays are most commonly employed. For the determination of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we describe the development of a miniaturized bead-based ligand binding assay using its ligand EGF as immobilized capture reagent. This assay was used to analyze lysates from cell lines, and the ligand-bound EGFR was detected using an EGFR-specific antibody combined with a fluorescence-based reporter system. In a proof-of concept study with lysates from breast biopsies, the assay allowed to classify breast cancer samples in accordance to clinically the relevant EGFR cut-off level. The study suggests that such a ligand binding receptor assay could become an integral part of protein profiling procedures to provide additional information about receptor functionality in addition to its abundance.
Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction (2012)

The ligamentum teres (LT) has been studied since the 19th century, and its anatomy and biomechanical function have been well described. Recent advancements in hip arthroscopy have caused increased awareness of LT pathology. Previous reports have estimated the incidence of LT tears during hip arthroscopy to be 4% to 51%, and LT tears have been estimated to be the third most common reason for hip pain in athletes. Biomechanical studies have shown the LT's role in stability of the hip. Despite the growing body of literature on LT anatomy and function, its role as a causative factor in hip pain and hip instability has yet to be clearly defined, and the treatment of LT tears remains controversial. However, in certain cases where hip subluxation and overt instability are related to a traumatic full-thickness tear of the LT, reconstruction of the ligamentum has been suggested. We describe a technique for arthroscopic LT reconstruction using either a semitendinosus autograft or allograft in the supine position.
Comparing Shear Response of Dense Sands from Centrifuge and Direct Simple Shear Tests with Published Correlations (2018)

The mode of shear in the field induced by a seismic wave is commonly assumed to be best captured by the cyclic direct simple shear (DSS) test. To investigate this assumption, this work uses an inverse analysis technique to estimate shear stress (τ)-shear strain (γ) from dynamic centrifuge tests on very dense Ottawa 40/70 sand (relative density, Dr ~ 95%). This back-calculated stress-strain response is compared to τ-γ response: (1) measured in drained and undrained monotonic and cyclic DSS tests on dry and saturated medium dense to very dense (Dr ~ 51 to 95%) sands; and (2) inferred from existing shear modulus reduction correlations available in the literature. The results indicate that the DSS response is softer to shear strains up to about 0.4%, while existing correlations based on resonant column-torsional shear tests capture the back-calculated τ-γ response from the centrifuge tests.
ChemInform Abstract: The First 12‐Methylhopanoid: 12‐Methylbacteriohopanetetrol from the Marine Sponge Plakortis simplex. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
If Possible, STEMI Patients Should Go Straight to a Cath Lab (2012)

In the city of Ottawa, emergency medical system providers trained in electrocardiogram interpretation can triage patients with ST-segment-elevation
A Link-Type sub-TLV to Convey the Number of Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths Signalled with Zero Reserved Bandwidth across a Link (2008)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Patterning of periodic nano-cavities on PEDOT–PSS using nanosphere-assisted near-field optical enhancement and laser interference lithography (2011)

A simple approach for creating periodic nano-cavities and periodic stripes of nano-cavity arrays on poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) thin films using a combination of optical near-field enhancement through self-assembled silica nanospheres and laser interference lithography is presented. Monolayers of close-packed silica nanospheres (800, 600, and 430 nm in diameter) are self-assembled on 2 µm thick PEDOT-PSS electropolymerized films and are subsequently irradiated with 10 ns pulses of 355 nm wavelength laser light. Over areas spanning 2 cm(2), circular nano-cavities with central holes of size 50-200 nm and surrounding craters of size 100-400 nm are formed in the PEDOT-PSS films directly underneath the nanospheres due to strong enhancement (11-18 fold) of the incident light in the near-field, which is confirmed through Mie scattering theory. Predictions from theoretical simulations examining the combined effects of near-field enhancement and interference are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results illustrate the versatility of the described technique for creating nano-cavity arrays or nano-pores in PEDOT-PSS over large areas with designed periodicity and hole size.
Exploiting Decoupled OpenCL Work-Items with Data Dependencies on FPGAs: A Case Study (2017)

In the field of high performance heterogeneous computing systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have shown great advantages in terms of acceleration and energy efficiency. And with the inclusion of the OpenCL framework for parallel programming, the design complexity has been greatly reduced. However, the parallel implementation of applications containing data-dependent branches usually experiences an important loss in performance, which affects all platforms alike. This data dependency leads the execution of parallel threads, also called work-items in OpenCL, to diverge. Whereas fixed architectures like CPU, GPU and Xeon Phi cannot efficiently cope with this divergent execution, the flexibility offered by FPGAs in terms of architecture can be exploited to tackle this problem. In this work, we present a new approach for FPGA implementations that decouples the parallel OpenCL work-items, avoiding the interference of data-dependent branches between them. We also demonstrate the necessary workarounds to obtain the maximum performance in a pipelined design, when unpredictable for-loop exit conditions are caused by the data dependency. Furthermore, we show how to efficiently interleave computation with transfers to device global memory in each work-item. This approach is then evaluated with a real-life case study from Finance, with four different configurations implemented on FPGA with Xilinx SDAccel, and compared to the optimized implementation on CPU, GPU, and Xeon Phi. Our results show that FPGAs can deliver up to 5.5x speedup, whereas the system-level energy efficiency increases between 2x and 9.5x in all cases.
Electric double layer transistor with a (Ga,Mn)As channel (2010)

The authors have fabricated electric double layer transistors with a (Ga,Mn)As channel to investigate the possibility of larger modulation of magnetism by the application of electric fields. The sheet conductance as well as the Curie temperature can be modulated up to a few tens of percents by application of gate voltage of a few volts, which is almost one-order of magnitude smaller than that required in conventional metal-insulator-semiconductor structures. The 14 K modulation of the Curie temperature by applying gate voltage ranging from −1 to 3 V is the highest modulation ratio reported so far in ferromagnetic semiconductors.
The Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Point Mutation Alters Long-term Regulation and Enhances the Transforming Capacity of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (1996)

The RET proto-oncogene encodes a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is caused by the mutation of a conserved methionine to a threonine in the catalytic domain of the RET kinase. When the MEN 2B point mutation was introduced into the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (M857T EGFR), the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the mutant receptor was similar to that of wild-type EGF receptor and remained ligand-dependent. However, the mutant receptor showed an enhanced transforming capacity compared to the wild-type receptor as judged by its ability to mediate the growth of NIH 3T3 cells in soft agar. Using the oriented peptide library approach to examine substrate specificity, the M857T mutation was found to be associated with a decrease in the selectivity of the receptor for Phe and an increase in the selectivity for acidic residues at the P + 1 position as compared to wild-type EGF receptor. Short-term responses to EGF were similar in cells expressing wild-type and M857T EGF receptors. However, significant differences in receptor down-regulation were observed between the two receptors. These data demonstrate that the MEN 2B point mutation alters the substrate specificity of receptor tyrosine kinases and suggest that the enhanced oncogenesis associated with the MEN 2B mutation may be due in part to alterations in receptor regulation.
Investigation of Impact Response and Fracture of the Human Femur by Finite Element Modeling (1976)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The mechanical response of a plane strain finite element model depicting an axial midsection of a human femur is investigated for both static and dynamic condylar loadings. An elastic bi-medium structure composed of compact and cancellous bone is used to represent the femur.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Critically stressed locations are identified and associated static and dynamic load levels which may initiate femur fracture are calculated. The predicted fracture sites and load levels are found to be in good agreement with published data for cadaver knee impacts. An important conclusion of this investigation is that the peak stress or strain and therefore femoral tolerance significantly depends on the impact duration due to stimulation of structural resonances.&lt;/div&gt;
Ion Modification for Improvement of Insulating and Ferroelectric Properties of BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Fabricated by Chemical Solution Deposition (2005)

Ion modification techniques for improving the insulating and ferroelectric properties of BiFeO 3 (BFO) thin films are reported. Rare-earth-substituted BFO films with chemical compositions of Bi 1.00- x RE x Fe 1.00 O 3 [RE = La and Nd] were fabricated on (111)Pt/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /(100)Si substrates using a chemical solution deposition technique. Well-saturated P - E curves were obtained for La 3+ - and Nd 3+ -substituted BFO films, while the curve of a nonsubstituted BFO film was distorted due to the leakage current. Remanent polarization ( P r ) values measured at 10 K were respectively 44 and 51 µC/cm 2 , for La 3+ - and Nd 3+ -substituted BFO films, which are significantly superior to conventional Pb-free ferroelectrics.
3C1-2 Development and validation of the finger extensor paralysis rehabilitation program utilizing the drive-kinesthetic (2009)

We proposed the rehabilitation program that treated the contracture turning attention to the sense of the paralysis finger by using perception support RT that fed back biotechnology to non-paralyzed side and prevented the sensation of motion on the paralyzed side that had been proposed last year to the hemiplegic subject. Actually, when the rehabilitation program was applied to the hemiplegic subject, the utility of rehabilitation that used perception support RT was suggested because postponing the posture maintenance time was seen while training and range of motion also showed the extension.
Synthesis and structure determination from powder data of the first organically templated tin(<scp>iv</scp>) phosphate : MIL-76 or Sn<sub>3</sub><sup>IV</sup>O<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)(HPO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>.{H<sub>2</sub>N–C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>–NH<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2.5.</sub>{H<sub>2</sub>O}<sub>2</sub> (2003)

The first organically templated tin(IV) phosphate has been isolated and its structure solved from powder X-ray diffraction data; it exhibits a one-dimensional inorganic network built up from chains of trimers of tin(IV) octahedra on which phosphate tetrahedral groups are grafted interacting with water molecules and organic moieties.
Motor imagery BCI for upper limb stroke rehabilitation: An evaluation of the EEG recordings using coherence analysis (2013)

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has the potential as a post-stroke rehabilitation tool, and the efficacy of the technology is most often demonstrated through output peripherals such as robots, orthosis and computers. In this study, the EEG signals recorded during the course of upper limb stroke rehabilitaion using motor imagery BCI were analyzed to better understand the effect of BCI therapy for post-stroke rehabilitation. The stroke patients recruited underwent 10 sessions of 1-hour BCI with robotic feedback for 2 weeks, 5 times a week. The analysis was performed by computing the coherences of the EEG in the lesion and contralesion side of the hemisphere from each session, and the coherence index of the lesion hemisphere (0 ≤ CI ≤ 1) was computed. The coherence index represents the rate of activation of the lesion hemisphere, and the correlation with the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) before and after the BCI therapy was investigated. Significant improvement in the FMA scores was reported for five of the six patients (p = 0.01). The analysis showed that the number of sessions with CI ≥ 0.5 correlated with the change in the FMA scores. This suggests that post-stroke motor recovery best results from the activation in the lesion hemisphere, which is in agreement with previous studies performed using multimodal imaging technologies.
Derivation of Phonon Boundary Resistance (2014)

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Catalytic Interruption Mitigates Edge Effects in the Characterization of Heterogeneous, Insulating Nanoparticles (2021)

Blocking electrochemistry, a subfield of nanochemistry, enables nondestructive, <i>in situ</i> measurement of the concentration, size, and size heterogeneity of highly dilute, nanometer-scale materials. This approach, in which the adsorptive impact of individual particles on a microelectrode prevents charge exchange with a freely diffusing electroactive redox mediator, has expanded the scope of electrochemistry to the study of redox-inert materials. A limitation, however, remains: inhomogeneous current fluxes associated with enhanced mass transfer occurring at the edges of planar microelectrodes confound the relationship between the size of the impacting particle and the signal it generates. These "edge effects" lead to the overestimation of size heterogeneity and, thus, poor sample characterization. In response, we demonstrate here the ability of catalytic current amplification (EC') to reduce this problem, an effect we term "electrocatalytic interruption". Specifically, we show that the increase in mass transport produced by a coupled chemical reaction significantly mitigates edge effects, returning estimated particle size distributions much closer to those observed using <i>ex situ</i> electron microscopy. In parallel, electrocatalytic interruption enhances the signal observed from individual particles, enabling the detection of particles significantly smaller than is possible via conventional blocking electrochemistry. Finite element simulations indicate that the rapid chemical kinetics created by this approach contributes to the amplification of the electronic signal to restore analytical precision and reliably detect and characterize the heterogeneity of nanoscale electro-inactive materials.
Junction-less phototransistor with nanowire channels, a modeling study (2014)

We propose a new nanowire based, junction-less phototransistor, that consists of a channel with both wide and narrow regions to ensure efficient light absorption and low dark current, respectively. While the light is absorbed in the wide region, the narrow region allows for ease of band engineering. We also find that a nanowire in the source can further boost the optical gain. The proposed device, which can potentially detect very low light intensities, does not rely on complicated doping profiles, but instead uses suitably designed gates. Our calculations show the detection of a photon flux as low as 35 per second.
Characterisation of anti‐alpha toxin antibody levels and colonisation status after administration of an investigational human monoclonal antibody, MEDI4893, against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> alpha toxin (2018)

Intravenous administration of MEDI4893 maintained levels of anti-AT NAbs in serum and nasal mucosa that may provide effective immunoprophylaxis against SA disease and support continued clinical development of MEDI4893.
ALIGN: A System for Automating Analog Layout (2020)

This article describes a correct by construction approach to synthesize electrically and designs compliant design. By taking advantage of layout hierarchies they are able to apply this to an interesting class of circuits.