gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloud Computing over Light-trail WDM Core Networks (2010)

Light-trail, a spatial sub-wavelength optical grooming solution for WDM networks, facilitates dynamic bandwidth provisioning and optical multicasting - essential for cloud computing services. We evaluate through simulations a novel protocol for cloud computing over light-trails.
Improved Colorimetric Determination of Chitosan Concentrations by Dye Binding (2012)

The increasing use of chitosan encourages the search for fast and sensitive methods to quantify its concentrations in water solutions. Recent colorimetric studies have suggested quantification by binding chitosan to Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A (BR) dye and measuring the absorbance at 575 nm related to the complex that is formed. This study presents an improved colorimetric technique based on the complexation reaction between BR and chitosan. However, instead of measuring the spectra of the dispersed chitosan-dye complex, the solution is centrifuged for the sedimentation of the colloids, and the concentration of the uncomplexed dye in the supernatant is measured. By performing this simple procedure, sensitivity can be improved to >2 ppm. Equilibration time did not influence the measurements. Charge measurements and bathochromic shift of the measured spectra might yield information about the mechanism of the interaction between the dye and the polymer.
&lt;title&gt;Global optical free-space smart interconnects&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

High fan-in/fan-out, low power (1 fJ per gate), high performance computing (HPC) modules are being developed that integrate global (multidimensional) free space `smart' optical interconnects with GaAs DANE technology. This new architecture implements N<SUP>4</SUP> global free space optical interconnects coupled with 2-D arrays of N-bit Boolean multiplications by DeMorgan's theorem on wide word fan-ins. `Smart' interconnects provide a high speed inter- module alternative without the power requirements and cross-talk limitations of GaAs circuitry. Selected algorithms such as 64-bit addition can operate at lower power and higher speeds using global technology and GaAs logic. Thus, faster processing can be fully realized which allows for a reduction in pipeline delays.
Electrospray ionization in the characterization of <i>mer</i> and <i>fac</i> isomeric forms of [Re(N)Cl <sub>2</sub> (POP)] (POP = bis[(2‐diphenylphosphino)ethyl]ether) (2001)

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Increased incidence of pemphigus vulgaris in southern Europeans living in Germany compared with native Germans (2002)

The age-adjusted incidence of PV differs between native Germans and foreigners living in Germany. Further studies are necessary to address the risk factors (genetic and/or environmental) that contribute to this difference.
Nocturnal ghrelin levels – relationship to sleep EEG, the levels of growth hormone, ACTH and cortisol – and gender differences (2005)

Summary Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor, stimulates sleep, appetite and weight gain as well as the secretion of GH, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol in humans and rodents. The interaction between nocturnal ghrelin levels, sleep EEG and the secretion of these hormones was not investigated systematically so far. Furthermore conflicting data exist on gender differences in nocturnal ghrelin secretion. We examined simultaneously sleep EEG and the nocturnal levels of ghrelin, GH, ACTH and cortisol in young and middle‐aged normal human subjects (eight males, eight females). A significant interaction between gender and the course of ghrelin concentration was observed to the interval between 20:00 and 23:00 hours. In males a continuous increase of ghrelin levels before sleep onset was found. In females, however, a rise of ghrelin during the night was missed. We found a trend suggesting a lower time spent in stage I sleep in subjects with high nocturnal ghrelin levels. Other systematic interactions between plasma ghrelin, sleep EEG and other hormones were not found. No peak in plasma ghrelin levels resembling the GH surge was observed. We suggest that under naturalistic conditions plasma ghrelin levels show no distinct interaction with sleep.
Adrenomedullin signals through NF‐κB in epithelial cells (2004)

Adrenomedullin is a peptide found in a variety of cells and tissues and involved in a multitude of biological processes. Recently, adrenomedullin has been identified as a host defense peptide and as such it plays a role in the inflammatory response. The transcription factor NF-kappaB is a major regulator of genes involved in the inflammatory response and the aim of this study was to determine whether NF-kappaB played a role in the inflammatory process triggered by adrenomedullin. Skin epithelial cells (HaCaTs) were used as our model in vitro. Western blot analysis from adrenomedullin-stimulated HaCaT cells revealed a rapid degradation of NF-kappaB inhibitor alpha and beta followed by the translocation of free NF-kappaB to the nucleus, where it was detected by Texas Red immunostaining after incubation with adrenomedullin for 15 min. Electromobility shift assay showed that NF-kappaB present in the nucleus was active, since it bound to a probe containing an NF-kappaB binding site. Supershift assays indicated that p50 and p65, members of the NF-kappaB family, were both part of the NF-kappaB dimmers involved in adrenomedullin cell signaling. HaCaTs secreted interleukin-6 in response to AM, which was significantly attenuated by the NF-kappaB inhibitor SN-50. Taken together, the data lend support for an immunoregulatory role for AM.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Gene Fusion: Detection in Malignant Pleural Effusion by RNA or PNA Analysis (2016)

Analyzing EGFR mutations and detecting ALK gene fusion are indispensable when planning to treat pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a devastating complication of lung cancer and sometimes the only source for mutation analysis. The percentage of tumor cells in the pleural effusion may be low; therefore, mutant enrichment is required for a successful analysis. The EGFR mutation status in MPE was determined using three methods: (1) PCR sequencing of genomic DNA (direct sequencing), (2) mutant-enriched PCR sequencing of genomic DNA using peptide nucleic acid (PNA-sequencing), and (3) PCR sequencing of cDNA after reverse transcription for cellular RNA (RNA-sequencing). RT-PCR was also used to test cases for ALK gene fusion. PNA-sequencing and RNA-sequencing had similar analytical sensitivities (< 1%), which indicates similar enrichment capabilities. The clinical sensitivity in 133 cases when detecting the common EGFR exon 19 and exon 21 mutations was 56.4% (75/133) for direct sequencing, 63.2% (84/133) for PNA-sequencing, and 65.4% (87/133) for RNA-sequencing. RT-PCR and sequencing showed 5 cases (3.8%) with ALK gene fusion. All had wild-type EGFR. For EGFR analysis of MPE, RNA-sequencing is at least as sensitive as PNA-sequencing but not limited to specific mutations. Detecting ALK fusion can be incorporated in the same RNA workflow. Therefore, RNA is a better source for comprehensive molecular diagnoses in MPE.
Three-DOF CMOS-MEMS probes with embedded piezoresistive sensors (2010)

We report on a new 3-DOF CMOS-MEMS electrothermal probe, featuring embedded piezoresistive sensors. These probes have the potential to be used independently for general 3-DOF nanoscale manipulation/manufacturing/scanning without external actuation and sensing. In this probe design, 3-DOF piezoresistive sensors are used to track probe actuation and applied force in all three directions, and thermal management such as dummy heater beams and metal-slotted thermal isolation structures are used to improve drive sensitivity.
A Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Pb <sup>2+</sup> (2005)

A new fluorescent sensor based on rhodamine B for Pb2+ was synthesized. The new fluorescent sensor showed an extreme selectivity for Pb2+ over other metal ions examined in acetonitrile. Upon the addition of Pb2+, an overall emission change of 100-fold was observed, and the selectivity was calculated to be 200 times that of Zn2+. The signal transduction occurs via of reversible CHEF (chelation-enhanced fluorescence) with this inherent quenching metal ion.
EFFECT OF LESIONS IN THE BASOLATERAL NUCLEUS OF THE RAT AMYGDALA ON FEAR CONDITIONING USING A VISUAL CONDITIONED STIMULUS (2002)

The lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is believed to be the site through which an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) is relayed in classical fear conditioning. However, how a visual CS is connected to the amygdala in rats is less well understood. The present study attempted to determine whether the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) was specifically involved in fear conditioning using a visual CS. Seven rats with lesions in the BLA (AMY-B group), 8 rats with lesions in both the LA and the BLA (AMY-L+B group), and 16 control rats were trained with a visual CS (25 W light, 3.7 sec) paired with footshock (1.0 mA, 0.5 sec). The behavioral index of fear conditioning was the potentiation of the startle reflex in the presence of the CS. As a result, although BLA-lesioned rats showed the potentiation whether the lesions of the LA were made or not, the extent of the potentiation in BLA-lesioned rats was less visible than that of control rats. These results suggest that the BLA may be a site where visual CS information enters the amygdala.
[Use of ecarin clotting time in whole blood for monitoring recombinant hirudine treatment during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]. (2005)

Lepirudin (Refludan is a recombinant hirudin, approved for anticoagulation treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patients with thrombosis. We report here our method for laboratory monitoring with ecarin clotting time (ECT) of hirudin therapy as anticoagulation for cardiac surgery. Ecarin is extracted from the Echis carinatus snake venom and directly converts prothrombin to its intermediate, meizothrombin. This one binds in a stoechiometric way to hirudin to be proportioned in whole blood. The activation of coagulation starts up only when the totality of the hirudin is bound to the meizothrombin. To minimize the effect of dilution related to the CEC on the prothrombin and fibrinogen levels, thus lengthening the ECT, the specimen to be tested is diluted with normal whole blood. In 1997, when we have performed our first surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, only one team (Pötzsch et al., 1997) had described the use of the ECT in whole blood. We describe in this work our assay to dose hirudin with ECT after dilution in whole blood. This assay was used during 8 CEC among 7 patients affected with HIT (n = 6) or potentially sensitized with heparin (n = 1). Experimental conditions and interpretation of the assay are reported here. This test is fast enough to provide useful information for adjusting the dose during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Ethoxylated Cationic Surfactants for CO2 EOR in High Temperature, High Salinity Reservoirs (2012)

Abstract Despite significant interest in CO2 foams for EOR, very few studies have reported stable foams at high temperatures and high salinities, which are often encountered in the Middle East and elsewhere. Stable CO2/water (C/W) foams at high temperatures up to 120 °C and salinities have been achieved with ethoxylated cationic surfactants. The surfactants were shown to stabilize C/W foams with high salinity brine with NaCl concentration up to 182 g/L at 120 °C, 3400 psia, and to form unstable dodecane/water emulsions with the 120 g/L NaCl brine solutions. Thus, the foams have the potential to provide mobility control to prevent loses of CO2 in high permeability regions, but simultaneously allow high permeability in the presence of residual oil. The surfactants are soluble in CO2 and thus may be injected in the CO2 phase to simplify the EOR process. The aqueous solubility of the surfactant at high temperatures is enhanced with the appropriate number of EO groups on the amine head group. Viscosities of high-pressure C/W foams (emulsions) formed with these surfactants were investigated by capillary rheology. These hybrid cationic/nonionic surfactants combine the high cloud points of ionic surfactants with high solubilities in CO2 of nonionic surfactants. Furthermore, the variation of the tail length and the degree of ethoxylation offer great flexibility for stabilizing CO2 foams for EOR at high temperatures and high salinities. Ethoxylated cocoamine exhibited lower adsorption on calcite than that on dolomite, given the presence of silica sites in the latter. High divalent ion concentrations in 22% total dissolved solids (TDS) brine contributed to the reduction of surfactant adsorption on silica sites in the dolomite powder.
Retrospektive Analyse von56 Weichteildefekten nach einzeitiger Rekonstruktion unter Verwendung von Dermisersatzpräparaten (2016)

Bei Fällen, in denen ausgedehnte plastische Operationen nicht möglich oder nicht erwünscht sind, ist die Verwendung von Dermisersatzpräparaten in Kombination mit Spalthauttransplantationen eine vielversprechende Alternative zum Wundverschluss bei ausgedehnten Weichteilschäden.
A two-stage sequential demodulator for the Gosset lattice (1989)

A construction of the Gosset lattice is considered that has practical advantages over other constructions of the same lattice. Codes derived from this construction have been shown to exhibit a null at DC in their baseband spectrum. A two-stage approach to the demodulation of this construction of the Gosset lattice is discussed. This demodulator consists of an initial stage which may declare erasures and a secondary stage designed to correct erasures. A study of erasure events is made and then used to reduce the number of steps in the second-stage correction algorithm. While the overall demodulator is somewhat more complex than a straight forward maximum-likelihood demodulator designed for this construction, the present structure has the advantage of greater speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Extended Path Integral Formulation for Volumetric Transport (2017)

We propose an extension of the path integral formulation amenable to the expression of volumetric light transport with photon beam estimates. Our main contribution is a generalization of Hachisuka et al.'s extended path space formulation [HPJ12] to light transport in participating media. Our formulation supports various point- and beam-based volumetric density estimators, unifying them with path integration in the spirit of the work by Kˇrivánek et al. [KGH 14]. One unique and useful property of our formulation is that it recasts beam-based density estimation as Monte Carlo path vertex sampling in a higher-dimensional space, rather than beam merging in a lower-dimensional space, which enables a practical algorithm for beam estimators with 3D-blur kernels. We thus establish a complementary theoretical foundation for the development of rendering algorithms using points, beams, and paths in participating media.
An Analysis of Errors in Geomagnetic field models (2011)

Theory of global and regional magnetic field modeling is the basis of compilation of global and national magnetic charts.The coefficients of a regional model have definite relationship with the coefficients of global model, which is not only theoretical basis of assessing the adequacy of modelling methods,but also the start point of estimating model errors.The standard technique for global modelling is spherical harmonic analysis(SHA),while commonly used methods for regional modeling are grouped into two categories.The first group is for pure numerical models,ignoring the physical property of the potential field and using data fitting by various functions,such as power function,triangle function,spline function,and eigen function.The second group is based on potential theory,such as spherical cap harmonic analysis(SCHA),revised spherical cap harmonic analysis(R-SCHA),and rectangular harmonic analysis(RHA).This paper,starting from error theory,analyses error sources in magnetic models,including inherent errors in applied methods and the errors from measurements.Case studies are carried out to survey the errors in various wave-length components,extrapolation and continuation.Effects of random errors in data on fitting accuracy and stability are also considered.Boundary distortions and their behaviors are discussed.
Predictor analysis for onboard lossy predictive compression of multispectral and hyperspectral images (2013)

The predictive lossy compression paradigm, which is emerging as an interesting alternative to conventional transform coding techniques, is studied. We first discuss this paradigm and outline the advantages and drawbacks with respect to transform coding. Next, we consider two low-complexity predictors and compare them under equal conditions on a large set of multispectral and hyperspectral images. Besides their rate-distortion performance, we attempt to gain some insight on the “quality” of the prediction residuals, comparing bit-rate and variance, and calculating the kurtosis. The results allow us to outline the directions for improvement of the algorithms, mainly in the treatment of noisy channels and the use of appropriate statistical models for the entropy-coding stage.
Competitive algorithms for layered graph traversal (2002)

A layered graph is a connected, weighted graph whose vertices are partitioned into sets L/sub 0/=(s), L/sub 1/, L/sub 2/, . . ., and whose edges run between consecutive layers. Its width is max( mod L/sub i/ mod ). In the online layered graph traversal problem, a searcher starts at s in a layered graph of unknown width and tries to reach a target vertex t; however, the vertices in layer i and the edges between layers i-1 and i are only revealed when the searcher reaches layer i-1. The authors give upper and lower bounds on the competitive ratio of layered graph traversal algorithms. They give a deterministic online algorithm that is O(9w)-competitive on width-w graphs and prove that for no w can a deterministic online algorithm have a competitive ratio better than 2w/sup -2/ on width-w graphs. They prove that for all w, w/2 is a lower bound on the competitive ratio of any randomized online layered graph traversal algorithm. For traversing layered graphs consisting of w disjoint paths tied together at a common source, they give a randomized online algorithm with a competitive ratio of O(log w) and prove that this is optimal up to a constant factor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Designing Synthetic Receptors for Shape-Selective Hydrophobic Binding (1994)

It has been 20 years since the discovery that simple water soluble cyclophanes can be effective synthetic receptors for hydrophobic binding of lipophilic substrates. These synthetic receptors are small enough that quite accurate structural and thermodynamic binding data are obtainable and yet are large enough to offer the computational chemist most of the challenges found in biological receptors. The course of development of water soluble cyclophanes has been notably conservative. Here we review some data from our own work and from other laboratories and attempt to identify results and observations that will interest the computational chemist. More intense use of calculations and computer aided design methods will benefit the experimentalist and the theoretical chemist. Predictions of the behaviour of these synthetic systems can provide a valuable test for the validity of contemporary quantitative theories and as confidence in the calculations grows, rapid and more innovative progress in receptor design will follow.
The New Jersey Project on Airborne Toxic Elements and Organic Substances (ATEOS): A Summary of the 1981 Summer and 1982 Winter Studies (1983)

An overview of the purpose, design, and results of the summer 1981 and winter 1982 ATEOS studies is presented. Daily sampling was conducted during 6-week periods at three urban sites and one rural site: Newark, Elizabeth, Camden, and Ringwood. Inhalable particulate matter was characterized with respect to organic and inorganic composition, the bacterial mutagenic activity of three organic fractions and fine particle mass. The study showed that the IPM fractions of the atmospheric aerosol was composed primarily of EOM (extractable organic matter) sulfate, and crustal material. There were seasonal shifts in the composition, however, with winter time space heating and local motor vehicle traffic appearing to be important factors. Each EOM fraction and the PAH associated with the nonpolar particulate matter increased by a large factor during the winter. The mutagenic activity of the EOM increased, but the types of mutagens present appear to be different in each season. The average SO/sub 4//sup -2/ levels were similar for the two seasons. There were few significant day to day excursions in concentration during the winter. The volatile organic substance measurements showed distinct local source relationships, although benzene levels were fairly constant in all urban locales. Winter time values of VOC (volatilemore » organic compounds) were generally higher than those in the summer. 7 figures, 8 tables. (DP)« less
Optically generated small electron and hole polarons in nominally undoped and Fe-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>KNbO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy (2008)

Transient light-induced absorption in nominally undoped and Fe-doped ${\text{KNbO}}_{3}$ crystals is observed in the visible and infrared spectral ranges after single pulse illumination with $\ensuremath{\lambda}=532\text{ }\text{nm}$. For nominally undoped ${\text{KNbO}}_{3}$ the decay of the light-induced absorption in a single step can be explained by incoherent hopping transport of optically generated small bound ${\text{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ hole and small free ${\text{Nb}}^{4+}$ electron polarons and their mutual recombination. Iron doping causes an additional slow decay component and, remarkably, accelerates the initial decay process. A consistent model for the formation, hopping, and recombination paths of hole and electron polarons is deduced from the experimental data set for both nominally undoped and Fe-doped ${\text{KNbO}}_{3}$. The decrease in the polaron hopping-transport length in Fe-doped samples is attributed to the increased number densities of optically generated hole polarons by additional one-quantum excitations.