gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rücktitelbild: Enantioselective Alkynylbenzaldehyde Cyclizations Catalyzed by Chiral Gold(I) Acyclic Diaminocarbene Complexes Containing Weak Au–Arene Interactions (Angew. Chem. 12/2012) (2012)

Eine asymmetrische Umgebung an AuI zu erzeugen, ist wegen der bevorzugten linearen Koordination dieses Ions eine Herausforderung. In der Zuschrift auf S. 2966 ff. gelingt S. Handa und L. M. Slaughter eine hoch enantioselektive Additions-Cycloisomerisierungs-Tandemreaktion von Alkinylbenzaldehyden unter Katalyse durch chirale Gold-Carben-Komplexe mit schwachen Metall-π-Wechselwirkungen. Diese sekundären Wechselwirkungen helfen beim Aufbau einer asymmetrischen Tasche um das Goldatom, das darin liegt wie ein Ball in einem Baseballhandschuh (Bild von L. M. Slaughter und S. Ball).
Effect of Time-Dependent Characteristics of ZnO Nanoparticles Electron Transport Layer Improved by Intense-Pulsed Light Post-Treatment on Hole-Electron Injection Balance of Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes (2020)

We investigated the effect of intense-pulsed light (IPL) post-treatment on the time-dependent characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) used as an electron transport layer (ETL) of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). The time-dependent characteristics of the charge injection balance in QLEDs was observed by fabrication and analysis of single carrier devices (SCDs), and it was confirmed that the time-dependent characteristics of the ZnO NPs affect the device characteristics of QLEDs. Stabilization of the ZnO NPs film properties for improvement of the charge injection balance in QLEDs was achieved by controlling the current density characteristics via filling of the oxygen vacancies by IPL post-treatment.
Adenosine cardioplegia: reducing reperfusion injury of the ischaemic myocardium? (1991)

Hyperkalaemia-induced hypopolarization of the sarcolemnal membrane during standard crystalloid cardioplegic arrest potentiates calcium influx during reperfusion and is associated with depletion of high-energy phosphate reserves. Adenosine has been shown to induce fast cardiac arrest whilst preserving membrane hyperpolarization in an isolated rat heart model. In this study we compared the efficacy of adenosine, both as an arresting agent and as an ultrastructural, haemodynamic and high-energy phosphate preserving agent, in an in situ global ischemia model in the baboon with St. Thomas' Hospital solution No. 2 (ST2; n = 8) and with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB; n = 7). The addition of 10 mM adenosine to the non-cardioplegic KHB (ADO; n = 8) improved haemodynamic recovery significantly in terms of cardiac index (91.6% +/- 7.2 vs 59.9% +/- 9.9) and stroke volume index (101.6% +/- 8.9 vs 55.6 +/- 10.0) and was not statistically distinguishable from the ST2 with regard to cardiac index (91.6% +/- 7.2 vs 94.8% +/- 5.8), stroke volume index (101.6% +/- 8.9 vs 114.0% +/- 8.3) or left ventricular dP/dt (73.1% +/- 9.9 vs 87.0% +/- 12.4). Adenosine triphosphate was best preserved with ADO (103.5% +/- 21.1 vs 67.9% +/- 9.3 and 48.5% +/- 8.7) although this was not statistically significant. This suggests therefore that the mechanism of cardioprotection by adenosine occurs by means other than its role as high-energy phosphate precursor.
Ion Dissociation in Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid Solutions (2020)

The extent to which cations and anions in ionic liquids (ILs) and ionic liquid solutions are dissociated is of both fundamental scientific interest and practical importance because ion dissociation has been shown to impact viscosity, density, surface tension, volatility, solubility, chemical reactivity, and many other important chemical and physical properties. When mixed with solvents, ionic liquids provide the unique opportunity to investigate ion dissociation from infinite dilution in the solvent to a completely solvent-free state, even at ambient conditions. The most common way to estimate ion dissociation in ILs and IL solutions is by comparing the molar conductivity determined from ionic conductivity measurements such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) (which measure the movement of only the charged, i.e., dissociated, ions) with the molar conductivity calculated from ion diffusivities measured by pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PFG-NMR, which gives movement of all of the ions). Because the NMR measurements are time-consuming, the number of ILs and IL solutions investigated by this method is relatively limited. We have shown that use of the Stokes-Einstein equation with estimates of the effective ion Stokes radii allows ion dissociation to be calculated from easily measured density, viscosity, and ionic conductivity data (ρ, η, λ), which is readily available in the literature for a much larger number of pure ILs and IL solutions. Therefore, in this review, we present values of ion dissociation for ILs and IL solutions (aqueous and nonaqueous) determined by both the traditional molar conductivity/PFG-NMR method and the ρ, η, λ method. We explore the effect of cation and anion alkyl chain length, structure, and interaction motifs of the cation and anion, temperature, and the strength of the solvent in IL solutions.
Therapeutic immunisation of rabbits with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) virus-like particles (VLP) induces regression of established papillomas (2008)

There is overwhelming evidence that persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) is the main risk factor for invasive cancer of the cervix. Due to this global public health burden, two prophylactic HPV L1 virus-like particles (VLP) vaccines have been developed. While these vaccines have demonstrated excellent type-specific prevention of infection by the homologous vaccine types (high and low risk HPV types), no data have been reported on the therapeutic effects in people already infected with the low-risk HPV type. In this study we explored whether regression of CRPV-induced papillomas could be achieved following immunisation of out-bred New Zealand White rabbits with CRPV VLPs. Rabbits immunised with CRPV VLPs had papillomas that were significantly smaller compared to the negative control rabbit group (P < or = 0.05). This data demonstrates the therapeutic potential of PV VLPs in a well-understood animal model with potential important implications for human therapeutic vaccination for low-risk HPVs.
Resolution of the α-glucosidases of <i>Streptomyces tosaensis</i> (1988)

Conference Article| April 01 1988 Resolution of the α-glucosidases of Streptomyces tosaensis JOHN BEHAN; JOHN BEHAN 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CATHERINE T. KELLY; CATHERINE T. KELLY 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM M. FOGARTY WILLIAM M. FOGARTY 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1988) 16 (2): 180–181. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160180 Article history Received: September 23 1987 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation JOHN BEHAN, CATHERINE T. KELLY, WILLIAM M. FOGARTY; Resolution of the α-glucosidases of Streptomyces tosaensis. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1988; 16 (2): 180–181. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160180 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Biochemical Society1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A Tracer Dilution Method for Fracture Characterization in Bedrock Wells (2004)

This investigation was undertaken to develop an integrated method of downhole fracture characterization using a tracer. The method presented can be used to locate water-bearing fractures that intersect the well, to determine the ambient fracture flow rate and hydraulic head, and to calculate fracture transmissivity. The method was tested in two fractured crystalline bedrock wells located at the University of Connecticut in Storrs. The method entails injecting a tracer (uranine dye) into the well, while at the same time water is pumped out of the well. After steady-state conditions are reached, a borehole tracer concentration profile is developed. The dilution of the tracer is used to locate the inflowing fractures and to determine their flow rate. The fracture flow rate, plus the drawdown in the well, is then used to determine the fracture hydraulic head, transmissivity, and ambient flow rate.
Demonstration Tokamak Power Plant (1983)

A conceptual design for a tokamak demonstration power plant (DEMO) was developed. A large part of the study focused on examining the key issues and identifying the R&D needs for: 1) current drive for steady-state operation, 2) impurity control and exhaust, 3) tritium breeding blanket, and 4) reactor configuration and maintenance. Impurity control and exhaust will not be covered in this paper but is discussed in another paper in these proceedings, entitled “Key Issues of FED/INTOR Impurity Control System”.
A preliminary study of space charge distribution measurements at nanometer spatial resolution (2006)

The continuous reduction in size of devices, such as integrated circuits or micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), results in the need to control with better and better resolution the materials involved, and in particular the electrical properties of the insulating and semiconducting parts. In this paper we propose an approach applicable to space charge measurement methods for improving the resolution to the nanometer range by using femtosecond laser pulses. It is shown that a resolution of about 60 nm in SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> can be achieved with thermal and pressure wave propagation methods. Concerning the pulsed electro-acoustic method, the interfacial displacement as small as 100 fm can be measured at THz rate
Noncoding RNAs within the <i>HOX</i> gene network in tumor pathogenesis and progression (2018)

HOX genes are involved with normal development, cell identity, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy as well as with diseases such as tumor pathogenesis and progression. In particular, the genes belonging to HOX paralogous 13 seem to carry out a relevant role in both tumor development and disease progression. In recent years, several noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) sequences have been identified in HOX loci, including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), highly conserved during evolution. Many studies have shown that specific intergenic ncRNAs in HOX loci could directly modulate HOX genes expression in normal and pathological conditions. In the present review we attempt to describe the role of these ncRNAs, through the regulation of the HOX gene network, in normal cell biology, and, with particular emphasis, in diseases such as in cancer pathogenesis and progression.
DTI segmentation by statistical surface evolution (2006)

We address the problem of the segmentation of cerebral white matter structures from diffusion tensor images (DTI). A DTI produces, from a set of diffusion-weighted MR images, tensor-valued images where each voxel is assigned with a 3 x 3 symmetric, positive-definite matrix. This second order tensor is simply the covariance matrix of a local Gaussian process, with zero-mean, modeling the average motion of water molecules. As we will show in this paper, the definition of a dissimilarity measure and statistics between such quantities is a nontrivial task which must be tackled carefully. We claim and demonstrate that, by using the theoretically well-founded differential geometrical properties of the manifold of multivariate normal distributions, it is possible to improve the quality of the segmentation results obtained with other dissimilarity measures such as the Euclidean distance or the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The main goal of this paper is to prove that the choice of the probability metric, i.e., the dissimilarity measure, has a deep impact on the tensor statistics and, hence, on the achieved results. We introduce a variational formulation, in the level-set framework, to estimate the optimal segmentation of a DTI according to the following hypothesis: Diffusion tensors exhibit a Gaussian distribution in the different partitions. We must also respect the geometric constraints imposed by the interfaces existing among the cerebral structures and detected by the gradient of the DTI. We show how to express all the statistical quantities for the different probability metrics. We validate and compare the results obtained on various synthetic data-sets, a biological rat spinal cord phantom and human brain DTIs.
AN IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY HLA CLASS I-DERIVED PEPTIDE BINDS VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE-11 (2000)

We propose that the immunomodulatory effect of the B2702 peptide is caused, in part, by binding to VCAM-1, which then prevents the normal interaction of VCAM-1 with VLA-4.
Real-Time Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Detection of Fumarase Activity Using Parahydrogen-Hyperpolarized [1- <sup>13</sup> C]Fumarate (2019)

Hyperpolarized fumarate can be used as a probe of real-time metabolism in vivo, using carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging. Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization is commonly used to produce hyperpolarized fumarate, but a cheaper and faster alternative is to produce hyperpolarized fumarate via PHIP (parahydrogen-induced polarization). In this work, we trans-hydrogenate [1-<sup>13</sup>C]acetylene dicarboxylate with para-enriched hydrogen using a commercially available Ru catalyst in water to produce hyperpolarized [1-<sup>13</sup>C]fumarate. We show that fumarate is produced in 89% yield, with succinate as a side product in 11% yield. The proton polarization is converted into <sup>13</sup>C magnetization using a constant adiabaticity field cycle, and a polarization level of 24% is achieved using 86% para-enriched hydrogen gas. We inject the hyperpolarized [1-<sup>13</sup>C]fumarate into cell suspensions and track the metabolism. This work opens the path to greatly accelerated preclinical studies using fumarate as a biomarker.
Estimation of geometric distortions in digital watermarking (2003)

Watermarking can be modeled as transmission through a steganographic channel. Up to now, most of the channels studied in the literature have been additive or substitutive channels where noise modifies the data values. However, other modifications occur frequently during the life of a watermark, namely geometric distortions: images may be cropped, scaled and even non-linearly distorted by digital/analog conversion or by an attacker. We model geometric transformations by a geometric channel and introduce a random variable, the index variable, to model geometric deformations. We propose to use a synchronisation pattern to estimate geometric distortions caused by jitter attack, and describe two estimation algorithms (Viterbi and forward-backward).
Preconceptional Sex Selection: Past, Present, and Future (1998)

Predetermination of sex in human and in farm animals is reviewed. Preconceptional sex selection has generated great interest and controversy over the years. Medical and commercial benefits outweigh the ethical issues. Technology has not yet provided a routine method for separating the X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm. Flow cytometry is the only technique that produces a clinically significant enrichment of X- or Y-bearing spermatozoa However, concern has been raised about the methodological implications of the flow technique because of the use of DNA stains and UV light. Some other techniques, such as gradient columns, appear to produce a slight enrichment of one type of sperm over the other, but this level of enrichment appears unlikely to affect the sex ratio at birth. It thus remains speculative whether 100% pure preparation of X or Y sperm can be obtained unless a major improvement in methodology is achieved. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are currently the methods of choice for evaluating the validity of the sex selection procedure. In view of the extraordinary pace of the technological and scientific progress, it can be expected that the clinical and commercial application of the technology of preconceptional sex selection by X and Y sperm separation will be a reality in near future.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiosugar Nucleotide Analogues: Synthesis of Uridine 5′‐(2,3,6‐Tri‐O‐acetyl‐4‐S‐acetyl‐4‐thio‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl Diphosphate). (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth of equivariant harmonic maps and harmonic morphisms (1990)

The purpose of the present paper is to study the growth of certain harmonic maps in relation with the geometry of the domains and ranges. Let φ: M—>N be a harmonic map between complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds M and N. We fix a point o of M(resρ. a point o' of N) and denote by rM (resp. rN) the distance to o in N (resp. o' in N). Set μ(φ; t): = mzκ{rN(φ(x)): x&M, rM(x)=t}. We want to know the growth of φ, or the asymptotic behavior of μ(φ t) as t goes to infinity. We first recall the following result by Cheng [8] (cf. also [3] [31: Chap. 6]): Suppose that M has nonnegative Ricci curvature and N is a Hadamard manifold, namely, N is a simply connected and nonpositively curved manofod manifold. Then the energy density e{φ) of the map φ satisfies: e(φ)(o)<cmμ(φ: t) i?, where cm is a constant depending only on the dimension m of M. It follows that φ is a constant map if φ has sublinear growth, that is, lim inf μ (φ t)/t = 0. We are interested in a (nonconstant)
Towards Comprehensive Clinical Abbreviation Disambiguation Using Machine-Labeled Training Data. (2016)

Abbreviation disambiguation in clinical texts is a problem handled well by fully supervised machine learning methods. Acquiring training data, however, is expensive and would be impractical for large numbers of abbreviations in specialized corpora. An alternative is a semi-supervised approach, in which training data are automatically generated by substituting long forms in natural text with their corresponding abbreviations. Most prior implementations of this method either focus on very few abbreviations or do not test on real-world data. We present a realistic use case by testing several semi-supervised classification algorithms on a large hand-annotated medical record of occurrences of 74 ambiguous abbreviations. Despite notable differences between training and test corpora, classifiers achieve up to 90% accuracy. Our tests demonstrate that semi-supervised abbreviation disambiguation is a viable and extensible option for medical NLP systems.
Etiology and epidemiology of Pythium root rot in hydroponic crops: current knowledge and perspectives (2006)

The etiology and epidemiology of Pythium root rot in hydroponically-grown crops are reviewed with emphasis on knowledge and concepts considered important for managing the disease in commercial greenhouses. Pythium root rot continually threatens the productivity of numerous kinds of crops in hydroponic systems around the world including cucumber, tomato, sweet pepper, spinach, lettuce, nasturtium, arugula, rose, and chrysanthemum. Principal causal agents include Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium dissotocum, members of Pythium group F, and Pythium ultimum var. ultimum. Perspectives are given of sources of initial inoculum of Pythium spp. in hydroponic systems, of infection and colonization of roots by the pathogens, symptom development and inoculum production in host roots, and inoculum dispersal in nutrient solutions. Recent findings that a specific elicitor produced by P. aphanidermatum may trigger necrosis (browning) of the roots and the transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic infection are considered. Effects on root rot epidemics of host factors (disease susceptibility, phenological growth stage, root exudates and phenolic substances), the root environment (rooting media, concentrations of dissolved oxygen and phenolic substances in the nutrient solution, microbial communities and temperature) and human interferences (cropping practices and control measures) are reviewed. Recent findings on predisposition of roots to Pythium attack by environmental stress factors are highlighted. The commonly minor impact on epidemics of measures to disinfest nutrient solution as it recirculates outside the crop is contrasted with the impact of treatments that suppress Pythium in the roots and root zone of the crop. New discoveries that infection of roots by P. aphanidermatum markedly slows the increase in leaf area and whole-plant carbon gain without significant effect on the efficiency of photosynthesis per unit area of leaf are noted. The platform of knowledge and understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of root rot, and its effects on the physiology of the whole plant, are discussed in relation to new research directions and development of better practices to manage the disease in hydroponic crops. Focus is on methods and technologies for tracking Pythium and root rot, and on developing, integrating, and optimizing treatments to suppress the pathogen in the root zone and progress of root rot.
Disseminated Human Conidiobolomycosis Due to Conidiobolus lamprauges (2010)

We describe a disseminated fungal infection by Conidiobolus lamprauges in a patient with malignant lymphoma. Histopathology and mycological studies were performed, along with molecular analyses. This is the first record of this species causing human disease and the fifth reported disseminated infection by a Conidiobolus sp. in humans.
WAO-ARIA consensus on chronic cough – Part III: Management strategies in primary and cough-specialty care. Updates in COVID-19 (2022)

This third part of the WAO/ARIA consensus on chronic cough suggests a management algorithm of chronic cough in an integrated care pathway approach. Insights into the inherent limitations of multidisciplinary cough diagnostic testing, efficacy and safety of currently available antitussive pharmacotherapy, or the recently recognized behavioral therapy, can significantly improve the standards of care in patients with chronic cough.