gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation and motor imagery balance tasks evaluation: An fNIRS feasibility study (2022)

In this study, we aimed at exploring the feasibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for studying the observation and/or motor imagination of various postural tasks. Thirteen healthy adult subjects followed five trials of static and dynamic standing balance tasks, throughout three different experimental setups of action observation (AO), a combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI), and motor imagery (MI). During static and dynamic standing tasks, both the AO+MI and MI experiments revealed that many channels in prefrontal or motor regions are significantly activated while the AO experiment showed almost no significant increase in activations in most of the channels. The contrast between static and dynamic standing tasks showed that with more demanding balance tasks, relative higher activation patterns were observed, particularly during AO and in AO+MI experiments in the frontopolar area. Moreover, the AO+MI experiment revealed a significant difference in premotor and supplementary motor cortices that are related to balance control. Furthermore, it has been observed that the AO+MI experiment induced relatively higher activation patterns in comparison to AO or MI alone. Remarkably, the results of this work match its counterpart from previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Therefore, they may pave the way for using the fNIRS as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the performance of the non-physical balance training during the rehabilitation period of temporally immobilized patients.
Disturbed bonding states in SiO/sub 2/ thin-films and their impact on time-dependent dielectric breakdown (1998)

A temperature-independent field acceleration parameter /spl gamma/ and a field-independent activation energy /spl Delta/Ho can result when different types of disturbed bonding states are mixed during time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) testing of SiO/sub 2/ thin films. While /spl gamma/ for each defect type alone has the expected 1/T dependence and /spl Delta/Ho shows a linear decrease with electric field, a nearly temperature-independent /spl gamma/ and a field-independent /spl Delta/Ho can result when two or more disturbed bonding states are mixed. These observations suggest strongly that the oxygen vacancy is an important intrinsic defect for breakdown and that field, not current, is the cause of TDDB under low-field conditions.
Effect of bone marrow transplantation on enzyme levels and clinical course in the neurologically affected twitcher mouse. (1988)

The effect of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was investigated in the neurologically affected twitcher mouse, a model for human Krabbe's disease. Twitcher mice have a hereditary deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactosylceramidase, which causes growth delay, tremor, and paralysis of the hind legs. Death occurs at 30-40 d of age. After BMT galactosylceramidase activity increased to donor levels in hemopoietic organs. In lung, heart, and liver, galactosylceramidase activity rose to levels intermediate between those of twitcher and normal mice. Increased galactosylceramidase activity in liver parenchymal cells indicated uptake of the donor enzyme by recipient cells of nonhemopoietic origin. Enzyme activity also increased in kidney tissue. BMT resulted in a gradual increase in galactosylceramidase activity in the central nervous system to 15% of normal donor levels. A 5-6-fold increase in galactosylceramidase activity was found in the peripheral nervous system. This increase in enzyme activity was accompanied by a partial alleviation of neurological symptoms. In particular, paralysis of the hind legs was prevented by BMT. BMT led to a modest restoration of growth and prolonged survival. In several cases, the mice survived for more than 100 d, but eventually all animals died with severe neurological disease.
A Novel Statistical Algorithm for Gene Expression Analysis Helps Differentiate Pregnane X Receptor-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms of Toxicity (2010)

Genome-wide gene expression profiling has become standard for assessing potential liabilities as well as for elucidating mechanisms of toxicity of drug candidates under development. Analysis of microarray data is often challenging due to the lack of a statistical model that is amenable to biological variation in a small number of samples. Here we present a novel non-parametric algorithm that requires minimal assumptions about the data distribution. Our method for determining differential expression consists of two steps: 1) We apply a nominal threshold on fold change and platform p-value to designate whether a gene is differentially expressed in each treated and control sample relative to the averaged control pool, and 2) We compared the number of samples satisfying criteria in step 1 between the treated and control groups to estimate the statistical significance based on a null distribution established by sample permutations. The method captures group effect without being too sensitive to anomalies as it allows tolerance for potential non-responders in the treatment group and outliers in the control group. Performance and results of this method were compared with the Significant Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) method. These two methods were applied to investigate hepatic transcriptional responses of wild-type (PXR(+/+)) and pregnane X receptor-knockout (PXR(-/-)) mice after 96 h exposure to CMP013, an inhibitor of β-secretase (β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 or BACE1). Our results showed that CMP013 led to transcriptional changes in hallmark PXR-regulated genes and induced a cascade of gene expression changes that explained the hepatomegaly observed only in PXR(+/+) animals. Comparison of concordant expression changes between PXR(+/+) and PXR(-/-) mice also suggested a PXR-independent association between CMP013 and perturbations to cellular stress, lipid metabolism, and biliary transport.
Tumor cell–derived spermidine is an oncometabolite that suppresses TCR clustering for intratumoral CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell activation (2023)

The activation and expansion of T cells that recognize cancer cells is an essential aspect to antitumor immunity. Tumors may escape destruction by the immune system through ectopic expression of inhibitory immune ligands typically exemplified by the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway. Here, we reveal another facet of tumor evasion from T cell surveillance. By secretome profiling of necrotic tumor cells, we identified an oncometabolite spermidine as a unique inhibitor of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Mechanistically, spermidine causes the downregulation of the plasma membrane cholesterol levels, resulting in the suppression of TCR clustering. Using syngeneic mouse models, we show that spermidine is abundantly detected in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and that administration of the polyamine synthesis inhibitor effectively enhanced CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-dependent antitumor responses. Further, the combination of the polyamine synthesis inhibitor with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint antibody resulted in a much stronger antitumor immune response. This study reveals an aspect of immunosuppressive TIME, wherein spermidine functions as a metabolic T cell checkpoint that may offer a unique approach for promoting tumor immunotherapy.
Timed Wp-method: testing real-time systems (2002)

Real-time systems interact with their environment using time constrained input/output signals. Examples of real-time systems include patient monitoring systems, air traffic control systems, and telecommunication systems. For such systems, a functional misbehavior or a deviation from the specified time constraints may have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, ensuring the correctness of real-time systems becomes necessary. Two different techniques are usually used to cope with the correctness of a software system prior to its deployment, namely, verification and testing. In this paper, we address the issue of testing real-time software systems specified as a timed input output automaton (TIOA). TIOA is a variant of timed automaton. We introduce the syntax and semantics of TIOA. We present the potential faults that can be encountered in a timed system implementation. We study these different faults based on TIOA model and look at their effects on the execution of the system using the region graph. We present a method for generating timed test cases. This method is based on a state characterization technique and consists of the following three steps: First, we sample the region graph using a suitable granularity, in order to construct a subautomaton easily testable, called grid automaton. Then, we transform the grid automaton into a nondeterministic timed finite state machine (NTFSM). Finally, we adapt the generalized Wp-method to generate timed test cases from NTFSM. We assess the fault coverage of our test cases generation method and prove its ability to detect all the possible faults. Throughout the paper, we use examples to illustrate the various concepts and techniques used in our approach.
Electromagnetic Crystal with Capacitive Cylinders (2019)

The article investigates an electromagnetic crystal in the form of metal cylinders with capacitive gaps in the nodes of a rectangular two-dimensional periodic lattice between metal screens forming a flat waveguide. Using a standard electrodynamic modeling system, the authors studied the diffraction of a plane wave at the boundary of an infinite layer for one coordinate and a finite layer for another coordinate, and determined the band structure of the electromagnetic crystal. The behavior of the pass and stop bands was studied as a function of the crystal parameters. An additional passband was discovered, the occurrence of which is associated with excitation of a higher-type wave of a plane waveguide. The effect of series resonance in a capacitive cylinder on the damping of a wave in the stop band is considered. The possibility of an approximate description of an electromagnetic crystal in the stop band is investigated. A number of models are proposed, obtained via numerical solution of the problem of oblique incidence of a plane wave on the crystal boundary.
DRIFTS Chamber for <i>in Situ</i> and Simultaneous Study of Infrared and Electrical Response of Sensors (1995)

A diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) chamber suitable for in situ and simultaneous analysis of the infrared and electrical response of sensors is tested and described in detail. Experiments on a CdGeON sensor show some results about its reversible/ irreversible behavior in terms of temperature and under N 2 atmosphere. A direct relationship between the conductivity and the elimination of DRIFTS peaks at 810,780, and 580 cm −1 is observed. From both DRIFTS spectra and conductivity measurements, an explanation involving the presence and filling of vacancies in the solid framework is proposed.
Partial response differential network coding in two-way relay channels (2010)

A new kind of encoding as well as a linear differential decoding method is proposed in this article. A new model built in the TWRC (two-way relay channels) is presented, which involves partial response coding at the source and two different kinds of differential coding(the add-differential coding and the multiple-differential coding) at the relay. This article puts forward the demonstration of the linear differential decoding. In the decoding process, this new method can be used in both kinds of differential coding. It can be seen this method simplifies the decoding process and has its commonality.
The paradigm of the filler's dielectric permittivity and aspect ratio in high-<i>k</i> polymer nanocomposites for energy storage applications (2022)

The energy storage performances in ceramic/polymer nanocomposites are mainly linked to the dielectric permittivity and the aspect ratio of the nanofiller, though, the morphological effect (aspect ratio) is greater than the permittivity one.
Genomic characterization of 16S rRNA methyltransferase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from the Parisian area, France (2020)

ArmA and RmtB are the predominant 16S-RMTases in France, but their spread follows two different patterns: (i) dissemination of a conserved genetic support carrying armA in E. coli with high levels of genomic diversity; and (ii) various genetic environments surrounding rmtB in clonally related E. coli.
Lectin-reactive Anti-α-Gal in Patients with Crohnʼs Disease (2013)

Patients with CD have greater amounts of agalactosylated anti-α-Gal antibodies in their serum, particularly in those with associated joint disease. This increase seems to be independent of indices of disease activity, but is influenced by immunomodulator use.
Modeling and Measurement of Geometrically Nonlinear Damping in a Microcantilever–Nanotube System (2013)

Nonlinear mechanical systems promise broadband resonance and instantaneous hysteretic switching that can be used for high sensitivity sensing. However, to introduce nonlinear resonances in widely used microcantilever systems, such as AFM probes, requires driving the cantilever to an amplitude that is too large for any practical applications. We introduce a novel design for a microcantilever with a strong nonlinearity at small cantilever oscillation amplitude arising from the geometrical integration of a single BN nanotube. The dynamics of the system was modeled theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The system, besides providing a practical design of a nonlinear microcantilever-based probe, demonstrates also an effective method of studying the nonlinear damping properties of the attached nanotube. Beyond the typical linear mechanical damping, the nonlinear damping contribution from the attached nanotube was found to be essential for understanding the dynamical behavior of the designed system. Experimental results obtained through laser microvibrometry validated the developed model incorporating the nonlinear damping contribution.
Recognition of a multiple antigen peptide containing sequence from mimotope of the dengue type 3 virus NS4B protein by human antibodies (2016)

The findings suggest the potential use of NS4B mimotope on the development of a multi-epitope diagnostic tool. These results are important for further immunogenicity studies.
Comprehensive analysis of phenomena during catalyzed DPF active regeneration (2015)

SSCI-VIDE+CARE+ABO:NCA:BDA:PVE
<i>In Situ</i> Optical Studies of Flow-Induced Orientation in a Two-Dimensional Polymer Solution (1996)

The orientation dynamics of polymers in constrained geometries is considered through studies of monolayer films at the air−water interface. Here, in situ optical techniques are employed to probe flow orientation in monolayers of phthalocyaninatopolysiloxane dispersed in either docosanoic acid, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine, or arachidyl alcohol. Compression of the polymer monolayer creates alignment perpendicular to the compression direction. A well-defined extensional flow is imposed in the monolayer to study the dynamics of flow-induced anisotropy. The orientation process obeys a strain-scaling law, indicating the absence of relaxation on the time scale of the flow.
2A1-B02 Property of Pulling Force Perception displayed by Periodical Vibration-Impact(Tactile and Force Sensing (1)) (2013)

This paper presents a novel ungrounded force feedback device which makes a user feel a sensation as if a pulling force is displayed by utilizing non-linear characteristics of human perception. The force feedback device is mainly composed of a spring-mass system and a voice coil motor (VCM). A weight, which connects to the VCM through the spring, hits against a wall periodically to generate a one-directional impulsive force. Then, a user grasping the device perceives the pulling force to the designed direction despite a real constant force is not displayed. The device is 140 x 41.5 x 41.5 mm3 with total mass of 230 g. A sensitivity of the pulling force perception were evaluated and presented in this paper.
An Effective Algorithm for Breaking F5 (2005)

By thwarting visual and chi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> attacks, the F5 steganographic algorithm is viewed as a challenge to steganalysis. This paper presents a novel algorithm that can break F5, even with low embedding rates. The test results show that the proposed method can accurately break F5 when relatively short messages (82 bytes) are embedded into a 256times256 gray image
Brief announcement (2011)

We present a parallel solution to the Maximum-Flow (Max-Flow) problem, suitable for a modern many-core architecture. We show that by starting from a PRAM algorithm, following an established "programmer's workflow" and targeting XMT, a PRAM-inspired many-core architecture, we achieve significantly higher speed-ups than previous approaches. Comparison with the fastest known serial max-flow implementation on a modern CPU demonstrates for the first time potential for orders-of-magnitude performance improvement for Max-Flow. Using XMT, the PRAM Max-Flow algorithm is also much easier to program than for other parallel platforms, contributing a powerful example toward dual validation of both PRAM algorithmics and XMT.
Investigating Drug–Target Residence Time in Kinases through Enhanced Sampling Simulations (2019)

It is widely accepted that drug–target association and dissociation rates directly affect drug efficacy and safety. To rationally optimize drug binding kinetics, one must know the atomic arrangement of the protein–ligand complex during the binding/unbinding process in order to detect stable and metastable states. Whereas experimental approaches can determine kinetic constants with fairly good accuracy, computational approaches based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can deliver the atomistic details of the unbinding process. Furthermore, they can also be utilized prospectively to predict residence time (i.e., the inverse of unbinding kinetics constant, koff) with an acceptable level of accuracy. Here, we report a novel method based on adiabatic bias MD with an electrostatics-like collective variable (dubbed elABMD) for sampling protein–ligand dissociation events in two kinases. elABMD correctly ranked a ligand series on glucokinase, in agreement with experimental data and previous calculations. Subsequently, we applied the new method prospectively to a congeneric series of GSK-3β inhibitors. For this series, new crystal structures were generated and the residence time was experimentally measured with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). There was good agreement between computational predictions and experimental measures, suggesting that elABMD is an innovative and efficient tool for calculating residence times.
Characterization of human autotumor-reactive T-cell clones obtained from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in liver metastasis of gastric carcinoma. (1991)

Three autotumor-reactive T-cell clones have been established from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from a metastatic lesion of human gastric carcinoma in the liver. The clones all were shown to be CD3+, CD8+, CD4-, CD16-, T-cell receptor alpha/beta +, and T-cell receptor gamma/delta-, and they have retained both their autotumor reactivity and the same phenotype for over a year in culture. Each clone had a different rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gamma chain genes as indicated by Southern blot analysis. Tested against a panel of 18 tumor cell targets, the clones preferentially lysed autologous tumor (AuTu) cells, but each clone also showed weak cytotoxicity against one allogeneic cholangiocarcinoma cell line. At the same time, each clone showed appreciable cytotoxicity against K562 targets. In blocking experiments, anti-CD3, anti-WT31, anti-CD8, or anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibodies blocked AuTu cytotoxicity but not cytotoxicity against K562. In contrast, allocytotoxicity against the cholangiocarcinoma was blocked only by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. All 10 subclones of one T-cell clone had high levels of AuTu cytotoxicity but variable levels of anti-K562 cytotoxic activity. Proliferation of the T-cell clones was significantly stimulated by the addition of irradiated autologous but not allogeneic tumor cells. Preincubation of cultured AuTu cells with tumor necrosis factor alpha or gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), but not with IFN-alpha, increased their susceptibility to lysis by the T-cell clones; however, it increased resistance of AuTu to lysis by interleukin 2-activated natural killer cells. The expression of an adhesion molecule, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, on the surface of AuTu was also up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha or IFN-gamma, but not by IFN-alpha. All three cytokines up-regulated HLA-class-I antigens on AuTu. Pretreatment of K562 targets or allogeneic cholangiocarcinoma cells with the same cytokines increased their resistance to lysis by the T-cell clones. Overall, the results indicate that these T-cell clones show specificity for AuTu but also independently recognize a limited number of allogeneic tumor targets and lyse K562 targets. The mechanisms involved in the recognition by the T-cell clones of autologous, allogeneic, and K562 tumor targets appeared to be distinct.
Toward efficient protocol design through protocol profiling and performance assessment: using formal verification in a different context (2011)

SUMMARY The most common use of formal verification methods so far has been in identifying whether livelock and/or deadlock situations can occur during protocol execution, process, or system operation. In this work, we aim to show that an additional equally important and useful application of formal verification methods can be in protocol design in terms of performance‐related metrics. This can be achieved by using the methods in a rather different context compared with their traditional use, that is, not only as model checking tools to assess the correctness of a protocol in terms of lack of livelock and deadlock situations but rather as tools capable of building profiles of protocol operations, assessing their performance, and identifying operational patterns and possible bottleneck operations. This process can provide protocol designers with an insight about the protocols’ behavior and guide them toward further optimizations. It can also assist network operators and service providers to assess the protocols’ relative performance and select the most suitable protocol for specific deployment scenarios. We illustrate these principles by showing how formal verification tools can be applied in this protocol profiling and performance assessment context using some existing protocol implementations in mobile and wireless environments as case studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Computer-Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery While there has been considerable progress in developing the use of robots and computer aids for bone surgery, adoption of these techniques by surgeons has been slow. (2006)

Over the last decade, orthopaedics has been one of the most active and diverse areas of development in computer-assisted surgery. Othopaedics has been a specially challenging area of development as many orthopaedic sur- geons consider the outcomes of conventional procedures generally successful. There is significant pressure to improve the efficiency and ergonomics, reduce cost and dependence on more expensive medical imaging modalities, and simplify the use and interfaces. Increasing emphasis on less invasive and minimally invasive procedures could give a significant boost to the adoption of computer-assisted surgery. In this paper, we present the overview of different approaches using a classifi- cation scheme that relies on two important criteria: 1) the autonomy of clinical action permitted to the system and 2) the imaging requirements.