gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary material from "Concurrence in the ability for lipid synthesis between life stages in insects" (2017)

The ability to synthesize lipids is critical for an organism's fitness; hence, metabolic pathways, underlying lipid synthesis, tend to be highly conserved. Surprisingly, the majority of parasitoids deviate from this general metabolic model by lacking the ability to convert sugars and other carbohydrates into lipids. These insects spend the first part of their life feeding and developing in or on an arthropod host, during which they can carry over a substantial amount of lipid reserves. While many parasitoid species have been tested for lipogenic ability at the adult life stage, it has remained unclear whether parasitoid larvae can synthesize lipids. Here we investigate whether or not several insects can synthesize lipids during the larval stage using three ectoparasitic wasps (developing on the outside of the host) and the vinegar fly <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> that differ in lipogenic ability in the adult life stage. Using feeding experiments and stable isotope tracing with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we first confirm lipogenic abilities in the adult life stage. Using topical application of stable isotopes in developing larvae, we then provide clear evidence of concurrence in lipogenic ability between larval and adult life stages in all species tested.
An Overview of Biofield Devices (2015)

Advances in biophysics, biology, functional genomics, neuroscience, psychology, psychoneuroimmunology, and other fields suggest the existence of a subtle system of "biofield" interactions that organize biological processes from the subatomic, atomic, molecular, cellular, and organismic to the interpersonal and cosmic levels. Biofield interactions may bring about regulation of biochemical, cellular, and neurological processes through means related to electromagnetism, quantum fields, and perhaps other means of modulating biological activity and information flow. The biofield paradigm, in contrast to a reductionist, chemistry-centered viewpoint, emphasizes the informational content of biological processes; biofield interactions are thought to operate in part via low-energy or "subtle" processes such as weak, nonthermal electromagnetic fields (EMFs) or processes potentially related to consciousness and nonlocality. Biofield interactions may also operate through or be reflected in more well-understood informational processes found in electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocardiographic (ECG) data. Recent advances have led to the development of a wide variety of therapeutic and diagnostic biofield devices, defined as physical instruments best understood from the viewpoint of a biofield paradigm. Here, we provide a broad overview of biofield devices, with emphasis on those devices for which solid, peer-reviewed evidence exists. A subset of these devices, such as those based upon EEG- and ECG-based heart rate variability, function via mechanisms that are well understood and are widely employed in clinical settings. Other device modalities, such a gas discharge visualization and biophoton emission, appear to operate through incompletely understood mechanisms and have unclear clinical significance. Device modes of operation include EMF-light, EMF-heat, EMF-nonthermal, electrical current, vibration and sound, physical and mechanical, intentionality and nonlocality, gas and plasma, and other (mode of operation not well-understood). Methodological issues in device development and interfaces for future interdisciplinary research are discussed. Devices play prominent cultural and scientific roles in our society, and it is likely that device technologies will be one of the most influential access points for the furthering of biofield research and the dissemination of biofield concepts. This developing field of study presents new areas of research that have many important implications for both basic science and clinical medicine.
Fabrication of one-dimensional Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Bi<sub>14</sub>MoO<sub>24</sub>heterojunction photocatalysts with high interface quality (2016)

Novel, one-dimensional Bi2O3–Bi14MoO24 heterostructures with high interface quality were synthesized by high temperature calcination of Bi2MoO6–Bi(OHC2O4)·2H2O precursors in air at 400 °C for 2 h. Bi14MoO24 grew on the Bi2O3 porous rods by crystallographic-oriented epitaxial growth, which increased the interface quality and then provided the smallest penetration barrier for electron–hole pair transfer between Bi2O3–Bi14MoO24 interfaces. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared products was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and phenol under solar/visible light irradiation. The results show that Bi2O3–Bi14MoO24 heterostructures display higher photocatalytic activity than that of the pure phase Bi2O3 and Bi14MoO24, and 100% phenol (10 mg L−1) can be degraded in 80 min under visible light irradiation using the Bi2O3–Bi14MoO24 (DS-2) heterostructure as photocatalyst. This enhanced photocatalytic performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect of the suitable band alignment of the Bi2O3 and Bi14MoO24, high interface quality and one-dimensionally ordered nanostructure. Radical scavenger experiments proved that the photogenerated holes and ˙O2− play key roles during the photodegradation process. This work offers an effective route to the design and fabrication of the junction structures with high interface quality for photocatalytic applications.
Reactive Ion Etching Process of Transition-Metal Oxide for Resistance Random Access Memory Device (2008)

The reactive ion etching (RIE) of the binary transition-metal oxides (TMOs) NiO, CuO and CoO, which are expected to be key materials of resistance random access memory (RRAMTM), was investigated. We found that inductively coupled plasma using CHF3-based discharge, which is highly compatible with conventional semiconductor RIE, is effective for the TMOs studied here. Furthermore, device fabrication using Pt/CoO/Pt trilayers is carried out, and a large change in resistance, which is an essential functionality of RRAM, was successfully observed. This should be definite evidence of a successful RIE realized in the present device fabrication.
Enhanced brain entry of checkpoint-inhibitory therapeutic antibodies facilitated by intraarterial NEO100 in mouse models of brain-localized malignancies (2023)

BBB opening by IA NEO100 facilitates brain tumor access by checkpoint-inhibitory antibodies and enables their therapeutic activity, along with increased levels of T-cell recruitment.
Lifetime Maximization via Hole Alleviation in IoT Enabling Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (2017)

In Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), there are two major factors which degrade the performance of the network. One is the void hole which occurs in a particular region due to unavailability of forwarder nodes. The other is the presence of energy hole which occurs due to imbalanced data traffic load on intermediate nodes. Therefore, an optimum transmission strategy is required to maximize the network lifespan via hole alleviation. In this regard, we propose a heterogeneous network solution that is capable to balance energy dissipation among network nodes. In addition, the divide and conquer approach is exploited to evenly distribute number of transmissions over various network areas. An efficient forwarder node selection is performed to alleviate coverage and energy holes. Linear optimization is performed to validate the effectiveness of our proposed work in term of energy minimization. Furthermore, simulations are conducted to show that our claims are well grounded. Results show the superiority of our work as compared to the baseline scheme in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime.
In Vivo Kinematics for Subjects With and Without an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (2002)

The objective of the current study was to compare kinematic patterns of anterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty and posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Fifteen patients received an anterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty and 15 received a posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. All total knee arthroplasties were clinically successful (Hospital for Special Surgery score > 90). Each patient was examined during level walking using fluoroscopy. Femorotibial contact paths for the medial and lateral condyles were determined using a computer automated model-fitting technique. Ten of 15 (67%) patients receiving an anterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty and 12 of 15 patients (80%) receiving a posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty experienced anterior contact at some phase of the gait cycle. Anterior contact in anterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty can be attributed to the presence of the anterior cruciate ligament, resisting the anterior tibial shear forces during gait. The reason for anterior contact observed in posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty is unclear, possibly related to the sagittal topography (dwell-point position) of the tibial component. Increased axial rotation was seen in anterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty possibly because of the preservation of the four-bar linkage within the knee. Patients receiving an anterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty experienced kinematic patterns more similar to the normal knee.
Targeting of Fumarate Hydratase from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Using Allosteric Inhibitors with a Dimeric-Binding Mode (2019)

With the growing worldwide prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB), new targets are urgently required for the development of treatments with novel modes of action. Fumarate hydratase (fumarase), a vulnerable component of the citric acid cycle in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>), is a metabolic target that could satisfy this unmet demand. A key challenge in the targeting of <i>Mtb</i> fumarase is its similarity to the human homolog, which shares an identical active site. A potential solution to this selectivity problem was previously found in a high-throughput screening hit that binds in a nonconserved allosteric site. In this work, a structure-activity relationship study was carried out with the determination of further structural biology on the lead series, affording derivatives with sub-micromolar inhibition. Further, the screening of this series against <i>Mtb</i> in vitro identified compounds with potent minimum inhibitory concentrations.
Dissolution characteristics of chemically amplified 193 nm resists (1998)

The dissolution kinetics of two types of chemically amplified positive 193 nm resists were investigated; a ter-polymer resist consisting of poly(tricyclodecylacrylate-co-tetrahydrodpyranyl-methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) and triphenylsulfonium triflate as a photoacid generator, and a copolymer resist consisting of poly(carboxytetracyclododecylmethacrylate-co-tetrahydro-pyranyloxy-carbonyl-tetracyclododecylmethacrylate) and triphenylsulfonium triflate as a photoacid generator. The dissolution rate contrast was higher and the slope of dissolution rate curve was steeper for the ter-polymer resist than those for the copolymer resist. However, the Arrhenius plots of the dissolution rates were straight lines for both resists irrespective of the exposure doses. This indicates that only one mechanism determines the dissolution of both resists, and it is believed that the dominant rate-determining step in both resists is the tetramethylammoniumhydroxide penetration into the resist films. The resolution capability of the ter-polymer resist was very high, 0.14 μm lines and spaces pattern. The resolution capability of the copolymer resist was moderate, 0.16 μm lines and spaces in spite of its lower dissolution contrast and smaller slope value. In addition, the dry-etch resistance of both resists was close to that of a conventional polyhydroxystyrene base KrF resist. These results indicate that both the ter-polymer and the copolymer resists are candidates for practical use.
Photoablation Of Resist Coated Alignment Targets To Improve VLSI Pattern Overlay (1987)

The reduction in VLSI feature dimensions has progressed at a rapid rate. Dynamic memory circuit complexity has doubled every year and a half over the past twenty years. A large percentage of these circuits&apos; complexity improvement can be directly attributed to improved optical exposure tools and photoresist processing.. Optical exposure tools have extended microlithography well into the submicrometer regime by reducing the exposing wavelength and increasing the numerical aperture. Another key factor in extending resolution capabilities and proess latitude is the introduction of higher gamma, resist processes. For example, contrast enhancing materials (CEM) can effectively increase the resist gamma by a factor of two to three.
Dihydroanthracene dimers as novel bifunctional initiators for anionic polymerization (1994)

Abstract Anionic polymerizations initiated with an alkylene bridged dihydroanthracene dimer as a bifunctional initiator are described as a synthetic route to polymers containing the dianthryl species in the center of the macromolecular chain. The approach taken herein involves the twofold deprotonation of 1,3‐di‐(9,9′,10,10′ ‐tetrahydro‐9,9′ ‐anthryl)propane and the initiation of methyl methacrylate polymerization at both anionic sites. The synthesis of ABA block copolymers by addition of tert ‐butyl acrylate as a second monomer is described. Polymer analogous aromatization of the initiator generates the corresponding polymer with two anthracene units in the main chain. The synthezised homo‐ and block copolymers have been fully characterized by GPC, UV and NMR measurements.
Biochemical Validation of a Third Guanidine Riboswitch Class in Bacteria (2016)

Recently, it was determined that representatives of the riboswitch candidates called ykkC and mini-ykkC directly bind free guanidine. These riboswitches regulate the expression of genes whose protein products are implicated in overcoming the toxic effects of this ligand. Thus, the relevant ykkC motif and mini-ykkC motif RNAs have been classified as guanidine-I and guanidine-II riboswitch RNAs, respectively. Moreover, we had previously noted that a third candidate riboswitch class, called ykkC-III, was associated with a distribution of genes similar to those of the other two motifs. Therefore, it was predicted that ykkC-III motif RNAs would sense and respond to the same ligand. In this report, we present biochemical data supporting the hypothesis that ykkC-III RNAs represent a third class of guanidine-sensing RNAs called guanidine-III riboswitches. Members of the guanidine-III riboswitch class bind their ligand with an affinity similar to that observed for members of the other two classes. Notably, there are some sequence similarities between guanidine-II and guanidine-III riboswitches. However, the characteristics of ligand discrimination by guanidine-III RNAs are different from those of the other guanidine-binding motifs, suggesting that the binding pockets have distinct features among the three riboswitch classes.
Characterizing absence epileptic seizures from depth cortical measurements (2017)

In this paper, we are going to localize the onset regions and investigate the dynamics of absence epileptic seizures using local field potential recording by depth electrode. We assume that there are some hidden states (under Markovian model) during the seizure and each spike of the seizure is generated when one of the states is activated. Each state is considered as the linear superposition of a few epileptic activities (substates) and each epileptic activity is described by two characteristics: 1) the spatial topography and 2) the temporal representation. Experimental results demonstrate the generality of the proposed model in characterizing absence epileptic seizures.
Remarkable Effect on Thermosensitive Behavior Regarding Alkylation at the Amide Position of Poly(<i>N</i>-vinylamide)s (2016)

N-Vinylamide derivatives, such as N-n-butyl-N-vinylformamides and N-isobutyl-N-vinylformamides were synthesized and copolymerized with N-vinylformamide and N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide. Lower critical...
Chemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide (2018)

Abstract Eine Minimierung von Kohlendioxid‐Emissionen wird seit einigen Jahren von Gesellschaft und Politik gefordert. Die hohen verfügbaren Mengen an leicht gewinnbarem CO 2 machen auch eine chemische Verwendung des Abfallstoffes zunehmend interessant. Während bereits einige wenige industrielle Prozesse Kohlendioxid großtechnisch verwenden, sind weitere Forschungs‐ und Pilotprojekte mit dem Ziel einer wirtschaftlichen CO 2 ‐Nutzung bereits in Planung. Einige vielversprechende Ansätze zur chemischen CO 2 ‐Verwendung werden in diesem Übersichtsartikel vorgestellt.
New bioimpedance model accurately predicts lower limb muscle volume: validation by magnetic resonance imaging (2002)

Conventional bioimpedance analysis (BIA) methods now simplify the representation of lower limb geometry and electrical properties for body composition estimation. In the present study, a three-dimensional model of the lower limb was assembled by segmentation of magnetic resonance cross-sectional images (MRI) for adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and bone. An electrical network was then associated with this model. BIA and MRI measurements were made in six lean subjects (3 men and 3 women, age 32.2 +/- 6.9 yr). Assuming 0.85 S/m for the longitudinal conductivity of the muscle, the model predicted in the examined subjects an impedance profile that conformed well to the BIA impedance profile; predicted and measured resistances were similar (261.3 +/- 7.7 vs. 249 +/- 9 Omega; P = not significant). The resistance profile provided, through a simpler model, muscle area estimates along the lower limb and total leg muscle volume (mean 4,534 cm(3) for men and 4,071 cm(3) for women) with a mean of the absolute value of relative error with respect to MRI of 6.2 +/- 3.9. The new approach suggests that BIA can reasonably estimate the distribution and volume of muscles in the lower extremities of lean subjects.
Effects of crystal defects and their interactions with impurities on electrical properties of multicrystalline Si (2013)

We investigated the effects of different crystal defects and their interactions with impurities on the electrical properties of multicrystalline Si (mc-Si) using samples with unique defect patterns and impurities. By using the floating cast method, a single grain boundary (GB), identified as a Σ27 boundary, was first formed with a high density of impurities from atmosphere, leading to an inefficient external gettering of impurities during phosphorus (P) diffusion. During crystal growth, the Σ27 GB splits into the Σ3 and Σ9 GBs with accompanying generation of dislocations and reduction in the density of impurities. The external gettering of impurities became efficient for removing impurities as evidenced by an increase in average minority carrier lifetime. At the final stage of crystal growth, the decrease in minority carrier lifetime was significant, which could not be improved by phosphorus diffusion because of the high densities of segregated impurities and crystal defects originating from the strong contact with the crucible. The increase in Σ number was found to result in more enhanced precipitation of impurities, which led to the poor gettering effect of P diffusion. These results further confirmed the importance of the reduction in the densities of impurities and dislocations for the quality and yield improvement of mc-Si ingots for solar cells.
Multiphase Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Collagen (2013)

Warum Platz verschwenden? In der ersten Stufe der mehrphasigen Biomineralisation von Kollagen sickerten Kieselsäurevorstufen (lila) in die Kollagenfaser (gelb) und kondensierten zu amorphem SiO2. Amorphe Calciumphosphatvorstufen (rot) füllten anschließend die intrafibrillären Räume des silicifizierten Kollagens, um dort zu Apatit-Kristalliten (blau) zu reifen. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Modelagem e Análise de Desempenho de uma Aplicação Paralela Utilizando Lost Cycles Toolkit (1995)

Neste trabalho realizamos a modelagem e o desempenho de uma aplicação particular na área de processamento sísmico. Para isso, utilizamos o Lost Cycle Toolkit, que se baseia principalmente em medidas dinâmicas dos programas de aplicação. O toolkit usa a priori o conhecimento das fontes e características de overhead em um sistema paralelo para guiar o processo de modelamento e avaliar o desempenho. Podem ser medidos o desbalanceamento de carga, o paralelismo, as perdas por sincronização, por comunicação e por contenção de recursos. Com este experimento foi possível observar o comportamento da aplicação quando submetida a uma quantidade variável de processadores.
Visible-light initiated copper(<scp>i</scp>)-catalysed oxidative C–N coupling of anilines with terminal alkynes: one-step synthesis of α-ketoamides (2014)

A green photochemical method is reported for synthesis of biologically active α-ketoamides at room temperature using commercially available substrates.
Split-distributed resonators and filters (2019)

In this paper, an inline, 5-pole filter realized using split-distributed resonant elements is presented. The filter is made to operate at a frequency of 1.8 GHz, with an absolute bandwidth of 40 MHz. Each resonator of the proposed filter consists of 9 split-distributed resonant elements, placed in close proximity. The chamber size of each resonator is 30 mm x 30 mm x 7 mm, with an unloaded quality factor of over 1700. The measured insertion loss of the filter is 0.94 dB, which is in excellent agreement with the theoretically predicted value of 0.76 dB.
Excess Mortality in Ontario During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)

Based on Ontario cremation data, there has been a 12.8% increase in the number of deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the expected numbers of deaths informed by previous years’ cremation data. The causes of these excess deaths include infection with SARS-CoV-2, as well as causes likely related to the pandemic but not due to COVID-19 itself.