gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
120 kV TEM Equipped with an Ultra High Resolution Lens and its Application (2016)

Journal Article 120 kV TEM Equipped with an Ultra High Resolution Lens and its Application Get access K Tamura, K Tamura Advanced Microscope System Design 2nd Dept., Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Kubo, T Kubo Advanced Microscope System Design 2nd Dept., Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H Mise, H Mise Advanced Microscope System Design 2nd Dept., Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Wayama, M Wayama Application Development Dept., Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Nakano, K Nakano Application Development Dept., Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Shirai, M Shirai Application Development Dept., Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H Matsumoto, H Matsumoto Application Development Dept., Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Yaguchi T Yaguchi Advanced Microscope System Design 2nd Dept., Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 22, Issue S3, 1 July 2016, Pages 48–49, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616001094 Published: 25 July 2016
Positional Encoding as Spatial Inductive Bias in GANs (2020)

SinGAN shows impressive capability in learning internal patch distribution despite its limited effective receptive field. We are interested in knowing how such a translation-invariant convolutional generator could capture the global structure with just a spatially i.i.d. input. In this work, taking SinGAN and StyleGAN2 as examples, we show that such capability, to a large extent, is brought by the implicit positional encoding when using zero padding in the generators. Such positional encoding is indispensable for generating images with high fidelity. The same phenomenon is observed in other generative architectures such as DCGAN and PGGAN. We further show that zero padding leads to an unbalanced spatial bias with a vague relation between locations. To offer a better spatial inductive bias, we investigate alternative positional encodings and analyze their effects. Based on a more flexible positional encoding explicitly, we propose a new multi-scale training strategy and demonstrate its effectiveness in the state-of-the-art unconditional generator StyleGAN2. Besides, the explicit spatial inductive bias substantially improve SinGAN for more versatile image manipulation.
Flexible satellite air interfaces using advanced modulation and coding technologies (2004)

Using advanced Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) significant advances have been made to increase the capacity in terms of bits/symbol/Hz for satellite communications. The use of adaptive modems with advanced FEC can increase the capacity for two-way, spot-beam, satellite Internet systems by a factor of three to four over fixed-link based systems using DVB-S on the forward link. Turbo Product Codes (TPC) and Low Density Parity Check (LPDC) codes permit higher-level modulation (8-ary and above) for providing capacities in the range of 2 to 3 bits/symbol/Hz using power levels that fall within the capability of spot-beam satellite systems. This capacity compares with the typical 1 bit/symbol/Hz for DVB-S using QPSK modulation and a concatenated Reed Solomon outer code with a Convolutional inner code. Gains that can be achieved using TPC and LDPC codes in conjunction with higher level modulations are presented as well as special framing techniques that can be utilized for ACM.
Clinicopathologic Analysis of Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma With or Without RHOA G17V Mutation Using Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Sections (2016)

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an infrequent subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma derived from follicular helper T cells. Recently, a somatic G17V RHOA gene mutation has been reported. In this article, we examined the RHOA G17V mutation in 18 cases of AITL by 3 different techniques of Sanger sequencing, fully automated SNP genotyping, and deep sequencing, using routine diagnostic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. The RHOA G17V mutation was detected in 10 cases (56%). Among the 10 mutated cases, 8 cases were detected by all 3 methods. The status of RHOA mutation was subsequently compared with the clinicopathologic characteristics of AITL. RHOA-mutated AITL (10 cases) was clinically characterized by high serum IL-2R and a poor ECOG performance status. By immunohistochemistry, expression of CD10, PD-1, CXCL13, and CCR4 and a wide distribution of CD21(+) follicular dendritic cells were observed in RHOA-mutated cases. Among these, CCR4 expression and the CD21(+) network in RHOA-mutated AITL cases were more extensive than in the RHOA mutation-negative AITL cases (P<0.05). Thus, RHOA-mutated AITL cases are more characteristic of follicular helper T cells, and the presence of such a mutation is an important marker for AITL.
Development of ProTx-II Analogues as Highly Selective Peptide Blockers of Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 for the Treatment of Pain (2021)

Inhibitor cystine knot peptides, derived from venom, have evolved to block ion channel function but are often toxic when dosed at pharmacologically relevant levels <i>in vivo</i>. The article describes the design of analogues of ProTx-II that safely display systemic <i>in vivo</i> blocking of Na<sub>v</sub>1.7, resulting in a latency of response to thermal stimuli in rodents. The new designs achieve a better <i>in vivo</i> profile by improving ion channel selectivity and limiting the ability of the peptides to cause mast cell degranulation. The design rationale, structural modeling, <i>in vitro</i> profiles, and rat tail flick outcomes are disclosed and discussed.
Detection of Bradykinin and Bradykinin-β2 Receptors in the Porcine Endometrium During the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy1 (2002)

During the period of attachment of the trophectoderm to the uterine lumenal surface in the pig, there is an increase in uterine blood flow and a localized hyperemic response induced by the developing conceptuses. The presence of tissue kallikrein in the porcine uterine lumen suggests that the kallikrein-kinin system may be functional during pregnancy in the pig. The objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of bradykinin within the uterine lumen during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy as well as endometrial gene expression and cellular localization of the bradykinin beta(2) receptor. Concentration of bradykinin in uterine flushings was greatest during estrus (Day 0) and Days 12-18 of the estrous cycle. However, there was a 5- to 10-fold increase in bradykinin content in pregnant uterine flushings on Days 12-18 of pregnancy compared with the estrous cycle. Endometrial bradykinin beta(2) receptor gene expression was greatest on Days 0, 12, 15, and 18 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy as gene expression decreased almost 6-fold on Days 5 and 10. Bradykinin beta(2) receptors were detected in the endometrial surface and glandular epithelium with greatest intensity of staining observed on Days 0, 12, 15, and 18 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Results from the present study suggest that the kallikrein-kinin system plays a role in the establishment of pregnancy in the pig.
TGF-β1 Downregulates the Expression of CX3CR1 by Inducing miR-27a-5p in Primary Human NK Cells (2017)

Activity of human natural killer (NK) cells against cancer cells is deeply suppressed by TGF-β1, an immunomodulatory cytokine that is released and activated in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, our previous data showed that TGF-β1 modifies the chemokine receptor repertoire of NK cells. In particular, it decreases the expression of CX<sub>3</sub>CR1 that drives these effectors toward peripheral tissues, including tumor sites. To identify possible mechanisms mediating chemokine receptors modulation, we analyzed the microRNA profile of TGF-β1-treated primary NK cells. The analysis pointed out miR-27a-5p as a possible modulator of CX<sub>3</sub>CR1. We demonstrated the functional interaction of miR-27a-5p with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of CX<sub>3</sub>CR1 mRNA by two different experimental approaches: by the use of a luciferase assay based on a reporter construct containing the CX<sub>3</sub>CR1 3'UTR and by transfection of primary NK cells with a miR-27a-5p inhibitor. We also showed that the TGF-β1-mediated increase of miR-27a-5p expression is a consequence of miR-23a-27a-24-2 cluster induction. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-27a-5p downregulates the surface expression of CX<sub>3</sub>CR1. Finally, we showed that neuroblastoma cells induced in resting NK cells a downregulation of the CX<sub>3</sub>CR1 expression that was paralleled by a significant increase of miR-27a-5p expression. Therefore, the present study highlights miR-27a-5p as a pivotal TGF-β1-induced regulator of CX<sub>3</sub>CR1 expression.
Optimization and Analysis of a Heat Exchanger with Encapsulated Phase Change Material (2019)

In this study, the performance of a heat exchanger (HX) with encapsulated phase change material (EPCM) undergoing alternating melting and freezing is studied with the intent of analyzing the thermal behavior and optimizing its performance. The specific application of the EPCM HX is to cool the exiting hot water stream from the steam condenser in a power plant in lieu of a traditional cooling tower. The HX consists of a series of stacked flattened tubes with encapsulated phase change material (PCM) and arranged in lateral sections that are alternately exposed to orthogonal streams of the hot water and the ambient air drawn by a fan. A systems-level code was developed to predict the quasi-steady state and transient performance of the HX. Using large-eddy simulations, new heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for in-line flattened tube banks were developed to predict the HX performance. The capital cost of the HX is minimized using the genetic algorithm for a specific cooling duty and coefficient of performance (COP). The effect of various design parameters on the capital costs is also studied. The study shows that using PCMs with different melting temperatures along the water flow direction enhances the overall heat transfer. It is observed that more PCM is required to meet the desired COP and cooling duty for EPCM HX with a smaller footprint or height due to lower allowable air velocity, thus demanding a higher tube surface area. The transient simulations reveal that the PCM undergoes sensible heat transfer locally due to spatial nonuniformities in heat transfer distribution.
The Middle Molecule Hypothesis Revisited. Should Short, Three Times Weekly Hemodialysis Be Abandoned? (2002)

When the middle molecule (MM) hypothesis was formulated in 1975, no MM had yet been identified as a uremic toxin. Meanwhile, the birth and implementation of the Kt/V<sub>urea</sub> concept gained wide acceptance and has remained the world standard for assessing dialysis adequacy. However, over the past 20 years, accumulating evidence has made it clear that MM's are important uremic toxins, and that the dose of dialysis based on removal of small molecular substances does not protect against excessive hemodialysis mortality, morbidity, or the presence of uremic signs and symptoms. These poor results are, in one way or another, linked to the accumulation of MM's and other substances behaving like MM's, such as phosphate. Dialysis schedules yielding the best clinical results, such as longer dialysis and more frequent dialysis, favor increased removal of middle molecular substances. The observation that short daily dialysis is giving results similar to long nocturnal quotidian dialysis supports early observations that the volume from which middle molecular substances are extracted mainly by hemodialysis is small (about as large as the extracellular volume), and that transfer of MM's from cells to extracellular fluid is very slow. This behavior of MM's is markedly different from that of small molecular substances, which are more rapidly transferred from intracellular to extracellular compartments and are more readily extracted from total body water during hemodialysis. In order to achieve even minimum adequate dialysis, it is now scientifically validated that toxic MM's must be removed in larger amounts than currently attained. This can only be accomplished by long dialysis sessions with a 3-times per week schedule or more frequent dialyses. Five hours 3 times per week represents the absolute minimum treatment. Dialy sis 6 to 7 times per week is the ideal schedule for patients who are willing to commit the time and effort in exchange for maximum well-being and long survival.
Paper 24: Biomechanical Analysis of Transosseous versus Suture Anchor Repairs of Subscapularis Tendons: A Real‐Time Contact Area Measurement Under Rotational Load (2012)

Arthroscopic subscapularis tendon repair has become more popular with injury recognition and improvement in arthroscopic techniques. In this study, we compared the biomechanical properties of open transosseous versus arthroscopic suture anchor repairs of the subscapularis tendon. We performed real-time measurement of contact area and pressure of the repair site under rotational loads.
Proteome analysis of apoptotic cells (2004)

Apoptosis, a genetically determined form of cell death, is a central and complex process involved in the development of multicellular organisms in the maintenance of cell homeostasis. During apoptosis, a large number of proteins involved in transducing signals are posttranslationally modified. Classical proteomics, the combination of protein separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) and protein identification by mass spectrometry (MS), enabled the discovery of more than 100 proteins altered during apoptosis. Functional data about protein degradation, modification, translocation, and synthesis were obtained. In addition to classical proteomics, some specifically designed proteome studies were carried out to analyze specific apoptotic components such as the mitochondrial releasing factors, death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) interacting proteins, and caspases. The identification of main regulators significantly influenced the elucidation of the concept underlying apoptosis signaling. Thus, the application of detailed protein analytical methods in the young field of apoptosis research was particularly fruitful.
Negative differential resistance in ultrathin Ge-on-insulator FETs (2006)

In this paper we report on the fabrication of all-epitaxial ultrathin germanium-on-crystalline lanthanum–yttrium-oxide field effect transistors. The oxide is lattice matched to Si (1 1 1) and has a dielectric constant of ∼18. The transistors show ambipolar behaviour, both N- and P-channel operations on the same device at any temperature. The transistor characteristics have an ON/OFF ratio of 102 at room temperature, while at cryogenic temperatures negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed in the channel. The NDR effect, which is stronger for lower temperatures, can be attributed to a number of reasons from intervalley or intersubband electron transfer to a heavy transport effective mass (low mobility) band or to charge trapping. A germanium-on-insulator technology, provided the material (Ge and oxide) quality improves, may be useful for building circuits that combine conventional FETs with unconventional ambipolar or NDR devices all on the same substrate.
Extinction and the Electromagnetic Optical Theorem (2007)

The energy flow caused by single particles is examined to form a physically based understanding for extinction and the electromagnetic optical theorem. The behavior of the energy flow is explained in terms of wave interference. The optical theorem is shown to be a relationship based on the relative phase between the wave incident on a particle and the wave scattered by it. The relative phase is determined by the refractive and absorptive properties of the particle and reveals how extinction depends on both scattering and absorption.
Pneumatic Driven Hollow Variable Stiffness Mechanism Aiming Non-Contact Insertion of Telescopic Guide Tubes (2021)

Disaster robots that can work safely and quickly in complex and fragile environments are required for collecting information from debris for initial response and recovery work. Various snake-like robots have been proposed that can be inserted into a confined space. However, their propulsion mechanisms, such as the wheel, the continuous track, and the vibrating inclined cilia, must be in physical contact with the environment and may induce secondary disasters like a further break and fall of debris. This paper introduces a snake-like robot with a two radial-layer structure that can be propelled not only on an arbitrary trajectory but also without establishing contact with the environment by sliding its two coaxial tubes alternately and switching their stiffness by internal pressurization. This newly invented variable stiffness mechanism has a hollow structure that allows both simplicity of design and positive pressure activation. A prototype model was developed for proof of principle, and the average pulling forces required to actuate either the inner or the outer tube when the other tube is bent at 1/225 and fixed were measured to be namely 67.6 N and 5.66 N, respectively. This evaluation experiment validated the proposed principle of contactless propulsion mechanism. In the future, it might be possible to verify whether non-contact propulsion can be conducted in the air as well, thereby requiring the verification of a theoretical model.
Biomimetic adhesive containing nanocomposite hydrogel with enhanced materials properties (2013)

Chemically crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared with inorganic nano-silicate, Laponite, and dopamine methacrylamide (DMA). DMA consists of a biomimetic adhesive side chain covalently linked to a polymerizable methacrylate monomer. Copolymerizing DMA into a PAAm hydrogel strongly enhanced the interfacial interaction between the polymer network and Laponite. Nanocomposite hydrogels demonstrated reduced water content and increased materials properties that were dependent on both the Laponite and DMA contents. While increasing Laponite content alone improved materials properties moderately, these improvements were drastically enhanced when DMA is incorporated as measured by both unconfined compression testing and oscillatory rheometry. DMA-containing nanocomposite hydrogels demonstrated increased stiffness as well as excellent energy dissipation capability. Nanocomposite hydrogels with relatively low DMA and Laponite contents (2 to 3 wt% for each) demonstrated maximum compressive stress, elastic modulus, toughness, and storage and loss moduli values that were over an order of magnitude higher than control gels. DMA-containing nanocomposite hydrogels also demonstrated improved fracture resistance to compressive loading, capable of repeated compressed to 80% strain without rest for over 10 times while exhibiting compressive stress of over 1.1 MPa. The catechol side chain of DMA likely formed strong physical bonds with Laponite, which can dissipate fracture energy while minimizing permanent damage to the network architecture.
Terminal differentiation surface antigens of myelomonocytic cells are expressed in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) treated with chemical inducers (1981)

The expression of two surface antigens present on the cell membrane of both human granulocytes and monocytes was studied during the process of myelomonocytic differentiation using two monoclonal antibodies (B9.8.1 and B13.4.1). These surface antigens are not present on immature myeloid cells nor on nonmyeloid hematopoietic cells, but can be detected when the cells are terminally differentiated. Among the bone marrow cells, B13.4.1 binds to metamyelocytes and B9.8.1 to metamyelocytes and a fraction (30%) of myelocytes. HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells did not react with such monoclonal antibodies. However, when such cells were induced to differentiate in vitro into mature myeloid elements by treatment with retinoic acid or dimethyl sulfoxide, 70%--90% of the differentiated cells expressed both surface antigens. Cell sorting studies on these treated HL60 cells indicated that myelocytes and metamyelocytes were the most immature cells expressing such markers. Expression of the two surface antigens was also observed when HL60 cells were induced to differentiate into monocyte/macrophage cells by treatment with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Thus, human promyelocytic leukemia cells induced to differentiate in vitro by treatment with specific chemical agents express membrane antigens in the same pattern as normal bone marrow myeloid cells at the corresponding stage of differentiation.
Temporospatial expression of reactive nitroxidative species in supraspinal regions during the induction and maintenance of central sensitization (2010)

Reactive nitroxidative species are implicated in the development and maintenance of central sensitization in pain states. The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the temporospatial and cellular expressions of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) isoform in supraspinal regions during pain states and therefore determine if these sites are acceptable for future investigations of related nitroxidative species. An inflammatory pain model was used to evaluate changes in nNOS expression in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and periaqueductal gray (PAG), sites that modulate nociception. Eight (n=8) Sprague Dawley rats received subcutaneous hindpaw injections of either carrageenan or saline and were evaluated for hyperalgesia and immunofluorescence. Our findings revealed a bilateral increase in nNOS positive neurons before the onset of thermal hyperalgesia (3 hours post carrageenan, n=2) compared to the saline group in the RVM (Fold change: Ipsilateral: 3; Contralateral: 3.5) and dorsolateral PAG (Fold change: Ipsilateral: 1.7; Contralateral: 1.7). These changes persisted during hyperalgesia (6 hours post carrageenan, n=2). Our preliminary results lead us to hypothesize that formation of nitroxidative species at supraspinal sites, specifically the RVM and PAG, may contribute to central sensitization. Support: Saint Louis University Center for Anatomical Science and Education.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of HCV and HPV Drug Candidates on Scale: The Choice Between Enantioselective and Diastereoselective Syntheses (2011)

Abstract Review: 44 refs.
The stereochemistry of the 1,4-elimination of thiocyanic acid from hex-3-ene-2,5-diyl dithiocyanates (1993)

The elimination of thiocyanic acid from the stereoisomers of the hex-3-ene-2,5-diyl dithiocyanates, 4a, 4b, 6a and 6b, in the presence of a strong neutral base in an organic solvent, yields mixtures of the hex-2,4-dien-2-yl thiocyanates 9, 10 and 11via a preferentially syn process.