gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical measurements and pattern recognition techniques for autheticating top-fermented and bottom-fermented beers and predicting the alcoholic strength (2012)

Two innovative non-conventional optical techniques were used to measure a collection of 70 commercial beers. Two beer types were considered, depending on the yeast used and temperature of fermentation: the top-fermented and bottom fermented, respectively. Top-fermented beers were produced with saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast between 15°-20°C. Bottom-fermented beers were produced with saccharomyces uvarum (or pastorianus) between 7° and 12°C. 47 samples were golden Ale and Weiss beers (top-fermented), while 23 samples were golden Lager (bottom-fermented) beers. Their alcoholic strength varied in the 0.5-9.5%vol range. Color and turbidity were measured by means of scattered colorimetry, that is multi-wavelength and multi-angle spectroscopy performed in the visible band. Scattering-free diffuse-light absorption spectra in the near-infrared band were measured by means of an integrating sphere. A multivariate processing of spectroscopic data was applied. The scattered colorimetry data showed beer discrimination according to fermentation method. The diffuse-light spectroscopy data provided prediction of alcoholic content.
Making &amp; preserving instruments (2001)

Journal Article Making & preserving instruments Get access 'Matière et musique': The Cluny encounter: proceedings of the European Encounter on Instrument Making and Restoration, ed Claire Chevallier and Jos van Immerseel (Antwerp Alamire/Labo 19, 2000) Robert L. Barclay Robert L. Barclay Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Early Music, Volume XXIX, Issue 4, November 2001, Pages 643–644, https://doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/XXIX.4.643 Published: 01 November 2001
Emotion-Based Cognition in Mice Is Differentially Influenced by Dose and Chemical Form of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid (2017)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a major constituent, and primary omega-3 fatty acid, in the brain. Evidence suggests that DHA consumption may promote cognitive functioning and prevent cognitive decline, and these effects may be particularly relevant in the context of fear or stress. However, the potency and efficacy of dietary DHA may depend on the form of DHA (e.g., phospholipid; PL vs. triglyceride; TG). In this study, we compared in mice the effects of consuming PL and TG forms of DHA on associative, avoidance (fear) based learning and memory. Diets consisted of either no DHA or 1%, 2%, and 4% PL- or TG-DHA. After 4 weeks on the test diets (<i>n</i> = 12/group), we used the 3-day passive avoidance (PA) and elevated plus maze (EPM) to examine fear and fear-associated learning and memory. We found a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) diet by time interaction in the PA and EPM. Compared to the control and the 1% TG-DHA group, mice consuming the diet supplemented with 1% PL-DHA displayed a significantly greater latency by test day 2 in the 3-day PA. No differences in latency between any of the groups were observed during trials 1 and 3. Mice consuming the 2% PL-DHA diet spent significantly more time frequenting the open arms during the first minute, but not the last 4 min, of the test. Compared to all other groups, mice fed the 4% TG-DHA diet had increased spleen, liver, and visceral fat weight. Consumption of the lower dose PL-DHA may confer enhanced efficacy, particularly on fear-based learning behavior.
Acute Difluoromethylornithine Treatment Increases Skin Flap Survival in Rats (1990)

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) pretreatment for 7 days improved survival of rat abdominal skin flaps in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine if acute administration of DFMO enhances survival. Each rat had a 7 x 7-cm abdominal skin flap raised on a single epigastric neurovascular pedicle. Within 1 minute of pedicle ligation, the rats were given 0, 1, or 4 gm/kg of body weight of DFMO intraperitoneally. Putrescine was administered to additional rats alone or with DFMO. After 48 hours, the percentage of flap survival was estimated using fluorescein injection and planimetry to quantify the perfused and unperfused areas. Flap survival increased from 71 +/- 3% in controls to 83 +/- 2% and 92 +/- 3% in rats treated with 1 and 4 gm/kg of DFMO, respectively (p less than 0.005). Putrescine reversed the protective effect of DFMO, suggesting a specific polyamine-related mechanism. This study indicates that there may be both short- and long-term polyamine pools through which DFMO acts. In summary, DFMO may prove to be important in preventing cell death following acute ischemia.
Novel &lt;italic&gt;In Situ&lt;/italic&gt; Boundary Detection Algorithm for Horizon Control in Longwall Mining (2017)

Real-time horizon control of the cutting head is very important in longwall mining for maximizing production, minimizing wear, and reducing postimpurity processing cost. If the horizon control sensor has to be mounted directly onto the cutting drum, then it needs to withstand the impacts from mining debris as well as shock and vibration at an average level of 26 Gs and a peak level of 100-G force. A single-frequency boundary detection sensor has been developed for this purpose for its simple design and extremely high measurement rate compared to other more sophisticated pulsed or swept-frequency radar sensors, and thus is more suitable for fast rotating cutting drums. However, the accuracy and effectiveness of this method in practice are severely limited by: 1) the interference of the much stronger reflection arising from the air-ground interface and 2) the uncertainty of the permittivity and conductivity of the ground. These two issues are alleviated by the proposed practical in situ calibration procedure discussed in this letter. This procedure only requires more than four calibration control cuts prior to the normal longwall mining cuts. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated in this letter via both simulated and experimental data.
Measuring the perceived importance of time- and frequency-divided speech blocks for transmitting over packet networks (2004)

This paper presents a way to calculate the perceived importance of speech segments as a single value criterion, using a linear regression model. Unlike the commonly used voice activity detection (VAD) algorithms, this method allows us to obtain a finer priority granularity of speech segments. This can be used in conjunction with frequency scalable speech coding techniques and IP QoS techniques to achieve efficient and qualitycontrolled voice transmission. A simple linear regression model is used to calculate the estimated mean opinion score (MOS) of the various cases of missing speech segments.
The stability of graphene and boron nitride for III-nitride epitaxy and post-growth exfoliation (2021)

A challenging approach, but one providing a key solution to material growth, remote epitaxy (RE)-a novel concept related to van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE)-requires the stability of a two-dimensional (2-D) material. However, when graphene, a representative 2-D material, is present on substrates that have a nitrogen atom, graphene loss occurs. Although this phenomenon has remained a hurdle for over a decade, restricting the advantages of applying graphene in the growth of III-nitride materials, few previous studies have been conducted. Here, we report the stability of graphene on substrates containing oxygen or nitrogen atoms. Graphene has been observed on highly decomposed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; however, graphene loss occurred on decomposed AlN at temperatures over 1300 °C. To overcome graphene loss, we investigated 2-D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as an alternative. Unlike graphene on AlN, it was confirmed that h-BN on AlN was intact after the same high-temperature process. Moreover, the overgrown AlN layers on both h-BN/AlN and h-BN/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> could be successfully exfoliated, which indicates that 2-D h-BN survived after AlN growth and underlines its availability for the vdWE/RE of III-nitrides with further mechanical transfer. By enhancing the stability of the 2-D material on the substrate, our study provides insights into the realization of a novel epitaxy concept.
Single-longitudinal-mode linear-cavity fiber laser using multiple subring-cavities (2010)

A single-longitudinal-mode selection is realized in a linear-cavity fiber laser construction using a loop-back optical circulator and a partial reflectance fiber Bragg grating as the cavity ends. At 1551 nm wavelength, the measured signal-to-noise-ratio is 56 dB and with a line width less than 1 MHz obtained using multiple subring cavities as mode filters. The pumping efficiency is 10% improved by recycling the residual pump power to gain medium.
Targeting EZH2 for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (2021)

Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment is an open access journal, focusing on basic and clinical studies related to cancer cell, cell biology, oncology, radiation therapy and radiology, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, surgery, hematology, neuro-oncology, etc.
The antiproliferative cytostatic effects of a self-activating viridin prodrug (2009)

Although viridins like wortmannin (Wm) have long been examined as anticancer agents, their ability to self-activate has only recently been recognized. Here, we describe the cytostatic effects of a self-activating viridin (SAV), which is an inactive, polymeric prodrug. SAV self-activates to generate a bioactive, fluorescent viridin NBD-Wm with a half-time of 9.2 hours. With cultured A549 cells, 10 micromol/L SAV caused growth arrest without inducing apoptosis or cell death, a cytostatic action markedly different from other chemotherapeutic agents (vinblastine, camptothecin, and paclitaxel). In vivo, a SAV dosing of 1 mg/kg once in 48 hours (i.p.) resulted in growth arrest of an A549 tumor xenograft, with growth resuming when dosing ceased. With a peak serum concentration of SAV of 2.36 micromol/L (at 2 hours post i.p. injection), the concentration of bioactive NBD-Wm was 41 nmol/L based on the partial inhibition of neutrophil respiratory burst. Therefore, SAV was present as an inactive prodrug in serum (peak = 2.36 micromol/L), which generated low concentrations of active viridin (41 nmol/L). SAV is a prodrug, the slow release and cytostatic activities of which suggest that it might be useful as a component of metronomic-based chemotherapeutic strategies.
Plasmons Reveal the Direction of Magnetization in Nickel Nanostructures (2010)

We have applied the surface-sensitive nonlinear optical technique of magnetization-induced second harmonic generation (MSHG) to plasmonic, magnetic nanostructures made of Ni. We show that surface plasmon contributions to the MSHG signal can reveal the direction of the magnetization. Both the plasmonic and the magnetic nonlinear optical responses can be tuned; our results indicate novel ways to combine nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and nanomagnetics and suggest the possibility for large magneto-chiral effects in metamaterials.
The electronic structure of alkali metals: experiment and theory (1993)

The high-momentum components of the electron and positron Bloch waves in the three alkali metals Li, Na, and K have been studied by comparing calculations employing the linear muffin tin orbital method and the independent particle model with accurate measurements of the two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation. It is found that such an analysis provides a sensitive test of electronic structure, and that electron-positron correlation effects do not distort the high-momentum components in this example in any significant way. It is shown that thermal effects due to Debye-Waller damping are important.
Long term follow-up of a patient with disseminated spinal hydatidosis. (2007)

A rare case of a 27-year-old male patient with disseminated sacral hydatidosis is presented. Because the diagnosis was missed initially, the patient underwent only partial resection of the tumour to obtain tissue for histology. The resection was followed by deep wound infection, and re-exploration had to be performed, thereby resecting the remaining cyst tissue and the S1-S3 vertebral bodies. Adjuvant anti-helminthic therapy was started postoperatively. Unfortunately, the hydatid cyst further progressed and could only be controlled with multiple decompression procedures and continuance of anti-helminthic therapy. We review the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this uncommon condition, which is a serious challenge for the spinal surgeon.
Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds (1997)

Over the last several decades, new technologies have enabled the in vitro cultivation of many different human cell types. At the same time, the art and science of medicine has been expanded to include new biopharmaceutical and recombinant genetic therapies. Organ transplantation has become commonplace, limited not by surgical technique but by donor availability. Tissue engineered organs can obviate the torturous waiting and the human tragedy caused by the scarcity of donor organs. Furthermore, tissue engineered organs can be used in testing procedures, reducing or eliminating the need for animal and human subject tests. The first tissue engineered organ, which has progressed from the lab bench to the first accepted patient care, has been skin, the body’s largest organ (Rheinwald, 1989). Tissue engineering offers many benefits to the patient and has the potential of redefining transplantation. Researchers can use standard, well-recognized cell-banking procedures to characterize the human cell source for these tissue products and to safety-test this source for possible contaminants (US FDA; 1993a). Normal human tissues may be more efficacious than animal or synthetic tissues because normal human tissues supply a balanced natural mixture of growth factors and both structural and interactive functional proteins. These tissues can communicate with the body’s own repair mechanisms to stimulate angiogenesis, remodeling, and other steps to restore complete function.
Macrophage infiltration and genetic landscape of undifferentiated uterine sarcomas (2017)

Endometrial stromal tumors include translocation-associated low- and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) and highly malignant undifferentiated uterine sarcomas (UUS). UUS is considered a poorly defined group of aggressive tumors and is often seen as a diagnosis of exclusion after ESS and leiomyosarcoma (LMS) have been ruled out. We performed a comprehensive analysis of gene expression, copy number variation, point mutations, and immune cell infiltrates in the largest series to date of all major types of uterine sarcomas to shed light on the biology of UUS and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets. We show that UUS tumors have a distinct molecular profile from LMS and ESS. Gene expression and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of high numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in UUS, which makes UUS patients suitable candidates for therapies targeting TAMs. Our results show a high genomic instability of UUS and downregulation of several TP53-mediated tumor suppressor genes, such as NDN, CDH11, and NDRG4. Moreover, we demonstrate that UUS carry somatic mutations in several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes implicated in RAS/PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ERBB3, and Hedgehog signaling.
Hemorrhage in obstetrics and gynecology (2001)

Hemorrhage has always been a significant potential complication in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Throughout the years, a variety of medical and surgical modalities aimed at controlling uterine hemorrhage have been developed. Most recently, these have focused on attempting to decrease the morbidity associated with obstetric and gynecologic hemorrhage. Specifically, the aim of recent developments has been to reduce the need for laparotomy and increase the likelihood of uterine preservation (and thus the preservation of fertility). The present review addresses the use of such interventions in a sequential manner for attaining hemostasis.
I Integral Equations and Operator Theory (1997)

Let A be a selfadjoint operator in a Hilbert space -9. Its rank one perturbations A + r(., co)co, T E R, are studied when co belongs to the scale space -9_~ associated with f)+2 -- domA and (.,-) is the corresponding duality. If A is nonnegative and co belongs to the scale space Y)-l, Gesztesy and Simon [4] prove that the spectral measures of A(r), ~- E R, converge weakly to the spectral measure of the limiting perturbation A(oo). In fact A(eo) can be identified as a Friedrichs extension. Further results for nonnegative operators A were obtained by Kiselev and Simon [14] by allowing co E Y)-2. Our purpose is to show that most results of Gesztesy, Kiselev, and Simon are valid for rank one perturbations of selfadjoint operators, which are not necessarily semibounded. We use the fact that rank one perturbations constitute selfadjoint extensions of an associated symmetric operator. The use of so-called @functions [6, 8] facilitates the descriptions. In the special case that co belongs to the scale space -9-1 associated with s = dora [A[�89 the limiting perturbation A(oo) is shown to be the generalized Friedrichs extension
Computer Aided Design for Diabetic Retinopathy (2013)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Simutaneous Multiple Wavelength Lasing of Er+3 and Nd+3 ions in Y3Al5O12 (1987)

An examination of the energy levels of Er3+ and Nd3+ ions in YAG reveals that the Er3+ 4I13/2 and the Nd3+ 4I15/2 levels are nearly isoenergetic.[1] This observation led to the suggestion made by Kaminskii et al that the Er3+ ions could be cross-relaxed by the Nd3+ ions.[2] Further, since the 4I15/2 level is known to relax very rapidly to the 4I9/2 ground state this cross-relaxation could provide a rapid and efficient means of reducing or eliminating the self- termination of the 2.94 µm. Er3+ transition.
Data from T-Cell Immune Function in Tumor, Skin, and Peripheral Blood of Advanced Stage Melanoma Patients: Implications for Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To predict the potential antitumor effect of antigen-specific T cells in melanoma patients, we investigated T-cell effector function in relation to tumor-escape mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells isolated from tumor, adjacent normal skin, and peripheral blood of 17 HLA-A2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; patients with advanced-stage melanoma were analyzed for their antigen specificity and effector function against melanocyte differentiation antigens MART-1, gp100, and tyrosinase by using HLA-A2/peptide tetramers and functional assays. In addition, the presence of tumor-escape mechanisms PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, FoxP3 and loss of HLA or melanocyte differentiation antigens, both required for tumor cell recognition and killing, were studied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Higher percentages of melanocyte antigen-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells were found in the melanoma tissues as compared with adjacent normal skin and peripheral blood. Functional analysis revealed 2 important findings: (i) in 5 of 17 patients, we found cytokine production after specific peptide stimulation by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), not by autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL); (ii) CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells from 7 of 17 patients did not produce cytokines after specific stimulation, which corresponded with significant loss of tumor HLA-A2 expression. The presence of other tumor-escape mechanisms did not correlate to T-cell function.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data show that functional T-cell responses could be missed when only PBL and not TIL are evaluated, emphasizing the importance of TIL analysis for immunomonitoring. Furthermore, loss of tumor HLA-A2 may explain the lack of T-cell functionality. These findings have important implications for selecting melanoma patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5736–47. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Japanese Positron Factory (1999)

The Positron Factory has been planned at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). The factory is expected to produce linac-based monoenergetic positron beams having world-highest intensities of more than 1010e+/sec, which will be applied for R&D of materials science, biotechnology and basic physics & chemistry. In this article, results of the design studies are demonstrated for the following essential components of the facilities: 1) Conceptual design of a high-power electron linac with 100 MeV in beam energy and 100 kW in averaged beam power, 2) Performance tests of the RF window in the high-power klystron and of the electron beam window, 3) Development of a self-driven rotating electron-to-positron converter and the performance tests, 4) Proposal of multi-channel beam generation system for monoenergetic positrons, with a series of moderator assemblies based on a newly developed Monte Carlo simulation and the demonstrative experiment, 5) Proposal of highly efficient moderator structures, 6) Conceptual design of a local shield to suppress the surrounding radiation and activation levels.
Medical Atomization Design for Inhalation Therapy (2023)

The medical community has lately shown increased interest in drug administration via the internal surfaces of the lung. Administration of medication to the lungs is typically performed using either an aerosol or a spray, that is inhaled by the patient. Spray droplet size distribution is a primary determinant of whether medication will deposit effectively within the lungs. Spray liquid flow rates will determine required treatment time. Examination of three typical atomizer (nebulizer) designs used to generate inhalation sprays is presented. The separate stages in the design of these nebulizers include entrainment Get pump), atomization, and conveyance stages. Mass flow rate of liquid in the sprays delivered from all examined designs was at least two orders of magnitude less than the mass flow rates of liquid pumped through the atomization stages. This indicated that liquid typically circulated through the atomization stages many times before being completely administered. Visualization was performed on the atomization stages showing less than ideal mechanisms for break up. Final outlet droplet cumulative volume distributions and number distributions obtained via Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) demonstrate that approximately 80% of the volume of the droplets generated by each design is within the range of sizes generally considered desirable for inhaled administration. (1-5 &mu;m).
Analysis of the impact of dislocation distribution on the breakdown voltage of GaAs-based power varactor diodes (1996)

A synchrotron x-ray topography analysis of the impact of the distribution of defects/dislocations on the electrical performance of GaAs power varactor diodes was carried out. Diodes fabricated on or near Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski cellular dislocation networks in the substrate, which are also known to be rich in As precipitates near these cell walls, were observed to have reduced breakdown voltages (VBR). This is consistent with the possibility that the presence of space-charge cylinders surrounding these dislocations gives rise to reduced VBR if they thread a p-n junction; it is also in accord with the possibility that the As precipitates themselves can act as sites for local field enhancement, thus promoting premature avalanche breakdown.