gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-power extreme ultraviolet source based on a Z-pinch (1999)

The 1Hz helium-xenon Z-pinch previously described has been re-engineered with long-life thyratron switches to operate at 10Hz. At 10Hz, without a condenser, it currently delivers 0.2W in a 4 Angstrom band centered at 134.5A, into a solid angle of 0.03 sterad. We report on measurements of scaling of the in=-band power with stored energy, and optimization of the spectrum, either for operation at 134A with Mo-Si multilayer mirrors, or at shorter wavelengths such as 113A for use with Mo-Be mirrors. We have measured an rms pulse- to-pulse amplitude stability of 2.1 percent. No measurable loss of transmission at 134A occurred in a 250 nm silicon nitride membrane placed at 52nm axially from the plasma during a 10<SUP>5</SUP> pulse run at full energy, indicating that the source is clean. Electrode and pinch liner erosion is not significant in test to the 10<SUP>6</SUP> pulse level and the life of these components is projected to exceed 5 X 10<SUP>7</SUP> pulses. the possible extension to a narrow beam of at least 4W in-band 134A, via an increase of the repetition rate to 100Hz and solid angle to 0.06 sterad, is discussed.
Volumetric imaging from a multisegment straight-line trajectory and a practical reconstruction algorithm (2007)

A new imaging configuration whose trajectory is a multisegment straight line is investigated, and a practical reconstruction algorithm is proposed. It is a natural extension of an imaging configuration with a straight-line trajectory. These kinds of scanning systems may be useful in industry and security inspections. As is known, projection data from a single straight-line trajectory are incomplete and their reconstruction suffers from a limited-angle problem. A multisegment straight-line trajectory can be used to compensate for this deficiency. To reconstruct images, a practical reconstruction algorithm is derived. It is of the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) type, and is efficient and straightforward. Like the FDK algorithm, our reconstruction is exact in the midplane and can be exact everywhere if the density of the scanned object is independent of the direction z, though the integral of the reconstructed image along z is no longer preserved. Numerical simulations validate our method.
Haggle (2009)

Delay-tolerant and opportunistic networks relax the traditional assumption of end-to-end connectivity. Such networks are therefore suitable for content dissemination in sparsely connected regions of the world, and for complementing existing infrastructure by operating cost-free, high bandwidth, albeit high latency, content delivery services.
Introduction to TouchDevelop (2013)

TouchDevelop is a complete app creation ecosystem designed for touch, cloud connected, mobile devices. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the world of TouchDevelop scripting and the devices that support it.
COVID-19 Detection Exploiting Self-Supervised Learning Representations of Respiratory Sounds (2022)

In this work, we focus on the automatic detection of COVID-19 patients from the analysis of cough, breath, and speech samples. Our goal is to investigate the suitability of Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) representations extracted using Wav2Vec 2.0 for the task at hand. For this, in addition to the SSL representations, the models trained exploit the Low-Level Descriptors (LLD) of the eGeMAPS feature set, and Mel-spectrogram coefficients. The extracted representations are analysed using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) reinforced with contextual attention. Our experiments are performed using the data released as part of the Second Diagnosing COVID-19 using Acoustics (DiCOVA) Challenge, and we use the Area Under the Curve (AUC) as the evaluation metric. When using the CNNs without contextual attention, the multi-type model exploiting the SSL Wav2Vec 2.0 representations from the cough, breath, and speech sounds scores the highest AUC, 80.37 %. When reinforcing the embedded representations learnt with contextual attention, the AUC obtained using this same model slightly decreases to 80.01 %. The best performance on the test set is obtained with a multi-type model fusing the embedded representations extracted from the LLDs of the cough, breath, and speech samples and reinforced using contextual attention, scoring an AUC of 81.27 %.
Impact of Human Interleukin-10 on Vector-Induced Inflammation and Early Graft Function in Rat Lung Transplantation (2003)

This study was undertaken to examine the time course of human interleukin (hIL)-10 gene expression after transtracheal administration of adenoviral (Ad)hIL-10 and its effect on the early adenoviral proinflammatory cytokine response and on post-transplant lung function. Using a rat lung transplant model, we observed that lungs retrieved 12 h after the administration of AdhIL-10 were associated with significant improvement in post-transplant lung function. Shorter periods of transfection were associated with significantly elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in lung tissue, leading to an increased degree of injury. The release of proinflammatory cytokines secondary to the adenoviral vector was reduced by high-dose methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) administered 3 h before transfection. Reduction in the early adenoviral inflammatory response was associated with significant improvement in post-transplant lung function when lungs were retrieved 6 or 12 h after transtracheal administration of AdhIL-10. Transtracheal administration of adenoviral-mediated hIL-10 to donor lungs is associated with a significant early inflammatory response that may enhance ischemia-reperfusion injury if insufficient hIL-10 is expressed in lung tissue before retrieval. The period between delivery of AdhIL-10 and lung retrieval can be reduced if the early inflammatory response is suppressed with methylprednisolone.
Increasing EMI Immunity in Novel Low-Voltage CMOS OpAmps (2012)

An easy solution to increase the immunity to electromagnetic interferences in recent low-voltage CMOS amplifiers is presented. It is based on a simple modification of the input stage, which can be fabricated in standard CMOS technologies and does not require extra mask levels, such as triple well, nor external components. Analysis and results are provided for very large interferences, arising from the input pin.
Worst-Case Bias for Proton and 10-keV X-Ray Irradiation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2016)

Responses to 1.8 MeV proton irradiation and 10-keV X-ray irradiation under typical bias conditions are investigated for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs fabricated with different types of process technologies. We find that, in contrast to previous generations of process technologies, total ionizing dose effects can be significant in these devices. For proton irradiation, worst-case bias for transconductance degradation for GaN-on-SiC substrate devices is ON bias, and for devices built on free-standing GaN substrates, the worst-case bias condition is semi-ON bias. Low-frequency noise measurements demonstrate that these differences result from differences in defect types and energy distributions for the different types of devices, both before and after irradiation. These results emphasize the need to test devices under a wide range of conditions during characterization and qualification testing.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals a Gradient of Cancer-like Metabolic States in the Vicinity of Cancer Not Seen in Morphometric Margins from Microscopy (2021)

Spatially resolved ambient mass spectrometry imaging methods have gained popularity to characterize cancer sites and their borders using molecular changes in the lipidome. This utility, however, is predicated on metabolic homogeneity at the border, which would create a sharp molecular transition at the morphometric borders. We subjected murine models of human medulloblastoma brain cancer to mass spectrometry imaging, a technique that provides a direct readout of tissue molecular content in a spatially resolved manner. We discovered a distance-dependent gradient of cancer-like lipid molecule profiles in the brain tissue within 1.2 mm of the cancer border, suggesting that a cancer-like state progresses beyond the histologic border, into the healthy tissue. The results were further corroborated using orthogonal liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of selected tissue regions subjected to laser capture microdissection. LC-MS/MS analysis for robust identification of the affected molecules implied changes in a number of different lipid classes, some of which are metabolized from the essential docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) present in the interstitial fluid. Metabolic molecular borders are thus not as sharp as morphometric borders, and mass spectrometry imaging can reveal molecular nuances not observed with microscopy. Caution must be exercised in interpreting multimodal imaging results stipulated on a coincidental relationship between metabolic and morphometric borders of cancer, at least within animal models used in preclinical research.
Effect on body weight and composition in overweight/obese Australian adults over 12 months consumption of two different types of fibre supplementation in a randomized trial (2016)

ANZCTR: ACTRN12611000415909. Registered 20 April 2011.
Comment on "Performance of a spin based insulated gate field effect transistor" [cond-mat/0603260] [cond-mat/0603260] (2006)

In a recent e-print [cond-mat/0603260] Hall and Flatte claim that a particular spin based field effect transistor (SPINFET), which they have analyzed, will have a lower threshold voltage, lower switching energy and lower leakage current than a comparable metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). Here, we show that all three claims of HF are invalid.
Fractionation of the oil from pyrolysis of waste rubber Frakcjonowanie oleju z pirolizy odpadów gumowych (2017)

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.
Neuroscientifically Informed Formulation and Treatment Planning for Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2018)

These key neuroscience themes collectively inform formulation and treatment planning for patients with OCD. The ultimate goal is to increase crosstalk between clinicians and researchers in an effort to facilitate translation of advances in neuroscience research to improved care for patients with OCD.
Peptide presentation by different HLA-Class I molecules during viral infection (APP2P.106) (2014)

Abstract Class I Human Leukocyte Antigens reveal intracellular viruses to the immune system by presenting viral epitopes at the cell surface. In this study we hypothesized that during infection particular HLA class I alleles consistently present more virus-derived peptide ligands to virus-specific CD8+ T cells than do other HLA class I. To test this hypothesis, we infected cells with West Nile virus (WNV) and directly identified and enumerated the virus specific peptides presented by various HLA class I molecules. Cells expressing a number of different HLA-A and HLA-B class I were cultured in bioreactors and infected with WNV. HLA/peptide complexes were harvested from infected and uninfected cells, peptides were eluted from affinity-purified HLA, comparatively mapped by mass spectroscopy, and sequenced. Twenty-four peptides, 20 eluted from HLA-A complexes (HLA-A*02:01, A*01:01, A*11:01 and A*24:02) and 4 from HLA-B complexes (HLA-B*27:05, B*07:02 and B*35:01), were identified as unique to infected cells. Ligands represented different parts of the viral polyprotein demonstrating that peptides sampled by class I HLA are distributed widely throughout the WNV proteome. These data indicate that, in WNV-infected cells, HLA-A present more virus-specific peptides than do HLA-B suggesting a potentially different role for HLA class I loci in developing immune responses that control WNV infection whereby HLA-A is responsible for diverse reactivity and HLA-B leads to more focused immunity.
Graph-Cut Based Discrete-Valued Image Reconstruction (2015)

Efficient graph-cut methods have been used with great success for labeling and denoising problems occurring in computer vision. Unfortunately, the presence of linear image mappings has prevented the use of these techniques in most discrete-amplitude image reconstruction problems. In this paper, we develop a graph-cut based framework for the direct solution of discrete amplitude linear image reconstruction problems cast as regularized energy function minimizations. We first analyze the structure of discrete linear inverse problem cost functions to show that the obstacle to the application of graph-cut methods to their solution is the variable mixing caused by the presence of the linear sensing operator. We then propose to use a surrogate energy functional that overcomes the challenges imposed by the sensing operator yet can be utilized efficiently in existing graph-cut frameworks. We use this surrogate energy functional to devise a monotonic iterative algorithm for the solution of discrete valued inverse problems. We first provide experiments using local convolutional operators and show the robustness of the proposed technique to noise and stability to changes in regularization parameter. Then we focus on nonlocal, tomographic examples where we consider limited-angle data problems. We compare our technique with state-of-the-art discrete and continuous image reconstruction techniques. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in challenging scenarios involving discrete valued unknowns.
Complement-mediated binding of naturally glycosylated and glycosylation-modified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to human CR2 (CD21) (1993)

Particulate glycoproteins lacking sialic acid, such as desialylated enveloped viruses, readily activate complement through the alternative pathway. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains two heavily glycosylated and partially sialylated envelope glycoproteins: a surface gp120 and a transmembrane gp41. The abilities of naturally glycosylated HIV-1 and glycosylation-modified HIV-1 to interact with the complement system were examined with a biological assay which measured the binding of whole virus particles to cells expressing CR2 (CD21), the complement receptor found naturally in abundance on follicular dendritic cells and immature B cells. HIV-1 IIIB was synthesized in the presence or absence of the mannosidase II inhibitor, swainsonine, to give rise to high-mannose-type, nonsialylated, nonfucosylated carbohydrate moieties. The virus also was treated with neuraminidase or endo-beta-galactosidase to remove terminal sialic acids. An enzyme immunoassay specific for HIV-1 p24 core protein was used to quantitate the amount of virus bound to cell surfaces. Virus particles incubated with 1:3-diluted, fresh HIV-1-negative human serum as a source of complement readily bound to MT-2 (CD4+ CR2+) and Raji-3 (CD4- CR2+) cells but not to CEM (CD4+ CR2-) cells, suggesting that the virus bound to CR2 independently of CD4. Compared with heat-inactivated or C3-deficient sera, fresh complement increased binding by as much as 62 times for naturally glycosylated virus, and 5 times more than this for glycosylation-modified virus. Similar observations were made with freshly isolated, non-mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Additional evidence that HIV-1 bound to CR2 independently of CD4 was provided by the fact that binding was blocked by monoclonal antibody OKB7 (anti-CR2) but not by OKT4a (anti-CD4). Also, the virus bound to transfected K562 cells (CD4-) which expressed recombinant human CR2 but did not bind to untransfected K562 cells. Results obtained with complement component-deficient sera indicated that binding required the alternative complement pathway. Raji-3 and transfected K562 cells could not be infected with HIV-1 in the presence of complement, suggesting that utilization of CR2 as a receptor in the absence of CD4 does not allow virus entry. The demonstration of CR2 as a receptor for HIV-1 in the presence of complement, together with the ability to enhance binding by desialylation, provides new insights into mechanisms of HIV-1-induced immunity and immunopathogenesis.
A Community Contribution Framework for Sharing Materials Data with Materials Project (2015)

As scientific discovery becomes increasingly data-driven, software platforms are needed to efficiently organize and disseminate data from disparate sources. This is certainly the case in the field of materials science. For example, Materials Project has generated computational data on over 60,000 chemical compounds and has made that data available through a Web portal and REST interface. However, such portals must seek to incorporate community submissions to expand the scope of scientific data sharing. In this paper, we describe MPContribs, a computing/software infrastructure to integrate and organize contributions of simulated or measured materials data from users. Our solution supports complex submissions and provides interfaces that allow contributors to share analyses and graphs. A RESTful API exposes mechanisms for book-keeping, retrieval and aggregation of submitted entries, as well as persistent URIs or DOIs that can be used to reference the data in publications. Our approach isolates contributed data from a host project's quality-controlled core data and yet enables analyses across the entire dataset, programmatically or through customized web apps. We expect the developed framework to enhance collaborative determination of material properties and to maximize the impact of each contributor's dataset. In the long-term, MPContribs seeks to make Materials Project an institutional, and thus community-wide, memory for computational and experimental materials science.
PF451 GLUCOCORTICOID INDUCED LEUCINE ZIPPER (GILZ) IS REQUIRED FOR HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL FUNCTION (2019)

Background: Life-long production of blood cells depends on the sustained activity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The maintenance of HSC is linked to their quiescent state, while activation of HSC proliferation is normally associated with differentiation into a more lineage restricted progenitors and a loss of long-term stem cell potential. The balance between HSC proliferation and quiescence is tightly regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic cues in the bone marrow. This regulatory network may become altered by various stresses, leading to aberrant HSC cell cycling, loss of HSC function, and hematological malignancy. Endogenous glucocorticoid hormones (GC) influence the proliferation homing of HSC via regulation of CXCL12-CXCR4 axis. Moreover, pharmacologic doses of synthetic GC induce apoptosis in lymphocytes as well as early lymphoid progenitors. However, the effect of GC on survival, proliferation and lineage commitment of the most primitive HSCs are not yet defined. Aims: GILZ (Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper) is a gene rapidly induced by GC that mediates some of its effects, including regulation of cell growth and differentiation. We have found that gilz mRNA is expressed in HSC and progenitor cells (HPC) and is dowregulated in myeloid progenitor cells. Methods: We have addressed the role of GILZ in HSC homeostasis using GILZ knock-out (KO) mice. Results: Under steady state, young GILZ-KO mice show a significant decrease in HSC and an increase in HPC frequency, while the number of HSC remains unchanged. Competitive repopulation studies using WT and GILZ-KO bone marrows cells (CD45.2+) along with WT helper cells (CD45.1+) revealed a significant decrease in the frequency of GILZ-KO compared to WT CD45.2+ cells in the peripheral blood, suggesting that GILZ-deficient HSCs have competitive disadvantage compared to WT cells. Consistently, the number of HSC was significantly decreased in the bone marrows of GILZ-KO transplanted mice, suggesting that GILZ is required for the proper control of the HCS number in the bone marrow. To demonstrate that the lack of GILZ is associated with decreased HSC function, we have performed 5-FU treatment experiments in mice transplanted with WT or GILZ KO bone marrow cells to ensure the hematopoietic cell intrinsic effect of GILZ deletion on mice survival. Mice bearing GILZ KO hematopoietic cells showed significantly earlier mortality caused by the 5-FU treatment. To dissect the mechanism of the defect in HSC function upon GILZ deletion, we performed comprehensive RNAseq analysis of gene expression in WT and GILZ KO HSCs. We identified several deregulated cellular pathways implicated in HSC function. Summary/Conclusion: Overall, these data identify GILZ is a novel critical regulator of HSCs function.
Transport and field emission in carbon nanotube - polymer composite cathodes (2007)

In this study, arc discharge multiwall carbon nanotubes have been incorporated into PmPV polymer, a derivative of the conjugated polymer PPV. Electron field emission characterisation was made as a function of nanotube mass fraction using large area phosphor coated anode. It is concluded that emission occurs at front surface under the action of applied field. As the mass fraction of nanotubes is increased, a greater density of nanotube-nanotube contacts is made, increasing the overall charge transport of carriers via FIT. Replenishment of the electrons occurring by a percolation controlled charge transport through the disordered nanotube network.
Optimization of MLP/BP for character recognition using a modified alopex algorithm (2008)

It is difficult to determine the recognition mechanism in the neurons of a neural network trained for pattern recognition due to the non-linear nature of neural networks. This paper describes a recognition mechanism of a four-layer back propagation n
Simulation of flow diversion in cerebral aneurysms (2016)

Intracranial aneurysms are abnormal focal enlargements of the vascular walls that necessitate surgical intervention once detected. Emerging stent technology involves an innovative type of finely-braided stents, called flow diverters, which abruptly impede the arterial flow into the aneurysm, upon deployment, and induce thrombosis, vascular remodelling and complete aneurysm occlusion in under a year [1]. The understanding of the dynamics of blood flow within this radically modified environment is thought to be pivotal in increasing the efficacy of both stent design and prolonged treatment. The aim of this study is to numerically simulate the blood flow within stented arterial segments and to evaluate critical hemodynamic factors around the aneurysm neck, validated with clinical and experimental data [1,2]. These objectives create many geometric challenges around the flow diverter due to the tessellation and resolution of features with very large ratio (artery-to-stent) in the input i.e., medical images and stent models. Following a novel Body-Centric Cubic (BCC) mesh generation method [2], high-fidelity tetrahedral meshes of aneurysmal dilatations that incorporate flow diverters across the aneurysm neck are now possible with an accurate image- to-mesh (I2M) conversion scheme from micro-CT images (Fig. 1a,b). Preliminary results involve arterial segments both with and without flow diverters (Fig.1c), utilising the CFD software OpenFOAM® to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, under steady and physiologically-correct pulsatile flow conditions.
The reaction of nocardicin A in acid: concurrent hydrolysis of an oxime and a β-lactam (1982)

The mechanism of acid hydrolysis of the microbial antibiotic nocardicin A has been examined by a comparison of its kinetic dependence upon acid concentration with those of several β-lactams and oximes. It is concluded that, in moderately concentrated sulphuric acid, the faster reaction is β-lactam hydrolysis but that the spectral changes are due to hydrolysis of the oxime group.