gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic assay of the deformability of primitive erythroblasts (2017)

Primitive erythroblasts (precursors of red blood cells) enter vascular circulation during the embryonic period and mature while circulating. As a result, primitive erythroblasts constantly experience significant hemodynamic shear stress. Shear-induced deformation of primitive erythroblasts however, is poorly studied. In this work, we examined the deformability of primitive erythroblasts at physiologically relevant flow conditions in microfluidic channels and identified the regulatory roles of the maturation stage of primitive erythroblasts and cytoskeletal protein 4.1 R in shear-induced cell deformation. The results showed that the maturation stage affected the deformability of primitive erythroblasts significantly and that primitive erythroblasts at later maturational stages exhibited a better deformability due to a matured cytoskeletal structure in the cell membrane.
A multireader diagnostic performance study of low-contrast detectability on a third-generation dual-source CT scanner: filtered back projection versus advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (2015)

The purpose of this work was to compare CT low-contrast detectability between two reconstruction algorithms, filtered back-projection (FBP) and advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE). A phantom was designed with a range of low-contrast circular inserts representing 5 contrast levels and 3 sizes. The phantom was imaged on a third-generation dual-source CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition Force, Siemens Healthcare) under various dose levels (0.74 – 5.8 mGy CTDI<sub>Vol</sub>). Images were reconstructed using different settings of slice thickness (0.6 – 5 mm) and reconstruction algorithms (FBP and ADMIRE with strength of 3-5) and were assessed by eleven blinded and independent readers using a two alternative forced choice (2AFC) detection experiment. A second observer experiment was further performed in which observers scored the images based on the total number of visible object groups. Detection performance increased with increasing contrast, size, dose, with accuracy ranging from 50% (i.e., guessing) to 87% with an average inter-observer variability of ±7%. The use of ADMIRE-3 increased performance by 5.2% resulting in an estimated dose reduction potential of 56-60%. The results from the second experiment also showed increased number of visible object groups for increasing dose, slice thickness, and ADMIRE strength. The score difference between FBP and ADMIRE was 0.9, 1.3, and 2.1 for ADMIRE strengths of 3, 4, and 5, respectively, resulting in estimated dose reduction potentials between 4-80%. Overall, the data indicated potential to image at reduced doses while maintaining comparable image quality when using ADMIRE compared to FBP.
Grafting of Polymers from Clay Nanoparticles via In Situ Free Radical Surface-Initiated Polymerization:  Monocationic versus Bicationic Initiators (2003)

Surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) from clay nanoparticles was compared between surface-bound mono- and bicationic free radical initiators. Distinct properties in molecular weight (MW), extent of exfoliation, and particle morphology were observed as a consequence of using two different initiator architectures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the clay intercalated with monocationic initiator has a larger d spacing and gave a more ordered structure. IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and qualitative thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the attachment of both initiators. XRD further showed that the SIP product from the bicationic initiator retained some intercalated structure while a highly exfoliated structure is achieved by the SIP through the monocationic initiator. Consequently the monocationic initiator gave a higher MW polymer. We have found that well-dispersed intercalated clay particles and efficient monomer diffusion are crucial factors in performing a successful SIP and in achieving an exfoliated clay structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Flash Thermolysis of Functionalised Phosphiranes (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Substituted hemins as probes for structure-function relationships in horseradish peroxidase. (1981)

Low temperature visible spectra of Compounds I from peroxidases reconstituted with protohemin, 2-formyl-4-vinyldeuterohemin, 2-vinyl-4-formyldeuterohemin, 2,4-dimethyldeuterohemin, and 2,4-diacetyldeuterohemin reveal that these Fe(IV) porphyrin pi-cation radicals take the 2A2u of peroxidase-type electronic ground state. Compound I of deuterohemin horseradish peroxidase, however, takes the 2A1u or catalase type pi-cation radical electronic ground state. Since deuterohemin horseradish peroxidase possesses no catalase activity, the structure of the peroxidase apoprotein (other than those factors which might influence the Compound I pi-cation radical ground state) is concluded to play the major role in determining the reactivity of Compound I toward hydrogen donors. Studies on peroxidases substituted with the hemins 2-formyl-4-vinyldeuterohemin, 2-vinyl-4-formyldeuterohemin, 2,4-dimethyldeuterohemin, and mesohemin reveal that isoelectronic hemins differentially interact with the peroxidase apoprotein. The hemin 2- and 4-substituents are therefore concluded to interact sterically with the horseradish peroxidase apoprotein. While a variety of 2- and 4-substituted hemins were observed to bind rapidly with apo horseradish peroxidase to form active substituted enzymes, small changes in the substituents in the 6- and 7-positions had drastic effects on the rates of binding to apoperoxidase and the activities of the reconstituted enzymes. Even addition of a single methylene to form butyrate instead of propionate side chains drastically altered the rate of binding of the hemin and the activity of the substituted enzyme. It therefore appears that while the 2-, 4-, 6-, and 7-substituents of the hemins in horseradish peroxidase all interact with the protein, the polypeptide chain possesses more conformational flexibility in the area which binds the 2- and 4-substituents.
The emerging field of mobile health (2015)

The surge in computing power and mobile connectivity have fashioned a foundation for mobile health (mHealth) technologies that can transform the mode and quality of clinical research and health care on a global scale. Unimpeded by geographical boundaries, smartphone-linked wearable sensors, point-of-need diagnostic devices, and medical-grade imaging, all built around real-time data streams and supported by automated clinical decision-support tools, will enable care and enhance our understanding of physiological variability. However, the path to mHealth incorporation into clinical care is fraught with challenges. We currently lack high-quality evidence that supports the adoption of many new technologies and have financial, regulatory, and security hurdles to overcome. Fortunately, sweeping efforts are under way to establish the true capabilities and value of the evolving mHealth field.
Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Multirate Anypath Routing in Wireless Multihop Networks (2011)

In this paper, we present a new routing paradigm that generalizes opportunistic routing for wireless multihop networks. In multirate anypath routing, each node uses both a set of next-hops and a selected transmission rate to reach a destination. Using this rate, a packet is broadcast to the nodes in the set, and one of them forwards the packet on to the destination. To date, there is no theory capable of jointly optimizing both the set of next-hops and the transmission rate used by each node. We solve this by introducing two polynomial-time routing algorithms and provide the proof of their optimality. The proposed algorithms have roughly the same running time as regular shortest-path algorithms and are therefore suitable for deployment in routing protocols. We conducted measurements in an 802.11b testbed network, and our trace-driven analysis shows that multirate anypath routing is on average 80% better than 11-Mbps anypath routing, with a factor of 6.4 improvement in the best case. If the rate is fixed at 1 Mbps instead, performance improves by a factor of 5.4 on average.
HP-03-002 Erectile Function in 164 Propensity-Matched Hypogonadal Men from A Registry with or without Treatment with Testosterone Undecanoate Injections (TU) for up to 8 Years (2017)

Randomised, placebo-controlled trials over several years cannot be conducted in hypogonadal men for ethical reasons. In a long-term registry, we performed propensity matching to identify two groups with similar baseline characteristics. Registry study in 656 men with testosterone ≤12.1 nmol/L and hypogonadal symptoms. All patients with classical hypogonadism were treated with testosterone. The others were given the choice for or against treatment. This resulted in differences in baseline characteristics, in particular, age. In order to overcome these differences between groups, propensity matching was performed for baseline age and BMI. 164 patients were identified of whom 82 received testosterone (T-group) and 82 served as untreated controls (CTRL). Testosterone treatment consisted in 3-monthly injections of TU. Mean age was 61.6±4.2 years, median follow-up time 7 years. T-levels rose in the T-group from 9.6±1.4 nmol/L to 16.6±1.9 nmol/L (p<0.0001) and dropped in CTRL from 9.6±1.1 to 8.8±1.6 nmol/L (p<0.05). In the T-group, IIEF-EF (maximum score: 30) increased from 19.5±5.6 to 25.8±3.9 with a change from baseline by 5.9 points. The improvement was statistically significant for the first 3 years, remained statistically significant vs baseline for 8 years and stable compared to previous years. In CTRL, IIEF-EF decreased from 20.2±3.3 to 12.4±1.0 after 8 years by 8.6 points (p<0.0001 until year 7). The estimated adjusted difference between groups was 13.8 points after 8 years of observation (p<0.0001). Adherence to testosterone was 100% as all injections were administered in the office and documented. No patient dropped out. There were no major adverse cardiovascular events in the T-group. In CTRL, there were 8 MIs (10%), 8 strokes (10%), and 5 deaths (6%).
ChemInform Abstract: A Flexible Access to Highly Functionalized Boronates. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The sonic window: second generation results (2006)

Medical Ultrasound Imaging is widely used clinically because of its relatively low cost, portability, lack of ionizing radiation, and real-time nature. However, even with these advantages ultrasound has failed to permeate the broad array of clinical applications where its use could be of value. A prime example of this untapped potential is the routine use of ultrasound to guide intravenous access. In this particular application existing systems lack the required portability, low cost, and ease-of-use required for widespread acceptance. Our team has been working for a number of years to develop an extremely low-cost, pocket-sized, and intuitive ultrasound imaging system that we refer to as the "Sonic Window." We have previously described the first generation Sonic Window prototype that was a bench-top device using a 1024 element, fully populated array operating at a center frequency of 3.3 MHz. Through a high degree of custom front-end integration combined with multiplexing down to a 2 channel PC based digitizer this system acquired a full set of RF data over a course of 512 transmit events. While initial results were encouraging, this system exhibited limitations resulting from low SNR, relatively coarse array sampling, and relatively slow data acquisition. We have recently begun assembling a second-generation Sonic Window system. This system uses a 3600 element fully sampled array operating at 5.0 MHz with a 300 micron element pitch. This system extends the integration of the first generation system to include front-end protection, pre-amplification, a programmable bandpass filter, four sample and holds, and four A/D converters for all 3600 channels in a set of custom integrated circuits with a combined area smaller than the 1.8 x 1.8 cm footprint of the transducer array. We present initial results from this front-end and present benchmark results from a software beamformer implemented on the Analog Devices BF-561 DSP. We discuss our immediate plans for further integration and testing. This second prototype represents a major reduction in size and forms the foundation of a fully functional, fully integrated, pocket sized prototype.
β‐Amino alcohol selectors for enantioselective separation of amino acids by ligand‐exchange capillary zone electrophoresis in a low molecular weight organogel (2010)

A new family of copper ligand-exchange selectors, L- or D-β-amino alcohols, is employed for the chiral separation of D,L-dansyl-amino acids, unmodified amino acid racemates, phenylalanine and tryptophan, and β-blocker L,D-propranolol by SDS-micellar electrokinetic chromatography and by electrophoretic chromatography in a low molecular weight organogel (LMOG)-filled capillary. The LMOG comprised a self-assembled fibrillar gel of trans-(1S,2S)-1,2-bis-(dodecylamido) cyclohexane in methanol. The di-L-valinol-copper complex exhibited the best performance on LMOG-CE compared with all other β-amino alcohol-copper selectors. The dependence of chiral resolution on the pH*, the ratio between the copper and the L-valinol ligand and the concentration of added selector complex in the run buffer were investigated revealing a marked difference between the activity of the copper-valinol and the previously studied copper-valine selector. The optimal separation conditions were achieved using a 2:1 valinol/copper ratio, in accordance with the 2:1 structure of the complex, which was proven by single crystal and powder X-ray diffractions and by elemental analysis. Unlike the copper-valine selectors that could be used only under acidic conditions (pH* 3.5), the copper-valinol selectors could be used under near-neutral conditions and even at pH* 9.1. A comparison between SDS-micellar electrokinetic chromatography and LMOG-CE under otherwise identical conditions revealed a significant superior separation on the LMOG-filled capillaries.
Redox Doping of Double‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes and C<sub>60</sub>Peapods (2005)

Abstract Electrochemical and chemical doping of double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) and peapods, C60@SWCNT was monitored by in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry. Chemical doping was carried out by gaseous Kor F2. The outer tube in DWCNT is more sensitive to doping. The peapods exhibit characteristic and complex feedback to chemical or electrochemical doping.
Importance of the Chiral Centers of Jasmonic Acid in the Responses of Plants (Activities and Antagonism between Natural and Synthetic Analogs) (1997)

The importance of the two chiral centers at C-3 and C-7 in the molecular structure of jasmonic acid in plant responses was investigated. We separated methyl jasmonate (MeJA) into (3R)- and (3S)-isomers with a fixed stereochemistry at C-3, but epimerization at C-7 is possible. The four isomers of the nonepimerizable analog 7-methyl MeJA were synthesized. These six esters and their corresponding acids were tested in three bioassays: (a) senescence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cotyledons; (b) proteinase inhibitor II gene expression in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with [beta]-glucuronidase as a biochemical reporter; and (c) seed germination in Brassica napus and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The esters and acids had similar activities in the three assays, with the ester being more effective than its acid. The (3R)-stereochemistry was critical for jasmonate activity. Although activity was reduced after substituting the C-7 proton with a methyl group, the analogs with (3R,7R)- or (3R,7S)-stereochemistry were active in some of the assays. Although the four isomers of 7-methyl MeJA were inactive or only weakly active in the senescence assay, they could overcome the senescence-promoting effect of (3R)-MeJA. The strongest antagonistic effect was observed with the (3R,7S)-isomer.
Hierarchical 3D interconnection architecture with tightly-coupled processor-memory integration (2010)

In this paper, two designs of a 3D interconnection architecture for stacked processor-memory large-scale integrations (LSIs) were investigated. With consideration given to stacking formation, a hierarchical 3D interconnection architecture with a tightly coupled processor-memory stacking configuration is proposed for achieving both higher throughput per unit area and lower power consumption in the vertical communications. Compared with a baseline stacking configuration, the proposed architecture has the 38% fewer vertical interconnects for the same throughput and reduces power consumption by 21%. The performances of three-dimensional stacking chips with 64-processor cores are also estimated. As a result, the proposed architecture achieves twenty-times-lower power consumption of inter-chip communications than conventional 2D integration. A uni-directional interconnect configuration and a 3D two-way flow-control protocol were also developed to achieve maximal utilization of the 3D interconnection network. According to simulations using a cycle-accurate stacking LSI model, the proposed technique achieves 90% utilization of the interconnection network, while a conventional design achieves less than 60%.
Sentiment analysis on bangla and romanized bangla text using deep recurrent models (2016)

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is an opinion mining study analyzing people's opinions, sentiments, evaluations and appraisals towards societal entities such as products, services, individuals, organizations, events, etc. Of late, most of the research works on SA in natural language processing (NLP) are focused on English language. However, it is noted that Bangla does not have a proper dataset that is both large and standard. As a result, recent research works with Bangla in SA have fallen short to produce results that can be both comparable to works done by others in other languages and reusable for further prospective research. In this work, a substantial textual dataset of both Bangla and Romanized Bangla texts have been provided which is first of this kind and post-processed, multiple validated, and ready for SAimplementation and experiments. Further, this dataset have been tested in Deep Recurrent model, specifically, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), using two types of loss functions — binary cross-entropy and categorical cross-entropy, and also some experimental pre-training were conducted by using data from one validation to pre-train the other and vice versa. Lastly, the results along with analysis are presented in this research.
Making the cut in Jamie's kitchen: gender relations and young workers (2007)

Using the popular Jamie’s Kitchen series this paper explores particular labour markets, organizations and workplaces as constituting particular fields of possibilities (Foucault, 1983). We argue that commercial kitchens are hierarchical, misogynistic spaces that require females to act like one of the boys in order to survive. Using the experiences of one of Jamie’s trainees to investigate gender relations and young workers, we identify and analyse the ways in which the trainees in Jamie’s Kitchen are required to understand, know and conduct themselves, and the ways in which they practise their freedom in this gendered field of possibilities. 1
Safety and tolerability of cryocompression as a method of enhanced limb hypothermia to reduce taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (2021)

Severe peripheral neuropathy is a common dose-limiting toxicity of taxane chemotherapy, with no effective treatment. Frozen gloves have shown to reduce the severity of neuropathy in several studies but comes with the incidence of undesired side effects such as cold intolerance and frostbite in extreme cases. A device with thermoregulatory features which can safely deliver tolerable amounts of cooling while ensuring efficacy is required to overcome the deficiencies of frozen gloves. The role of continuous-flow cooling in prevention of neurotoxicity caused by paclitaxel has been previously described. This study hypothesized that cryocompression (addition of dynamic pressure to cooling) may allow for delivery of lower temperatures with similar tolerance and potentially improve efficacy. A proof-of-concept study was conducted in cancer patients receiving taxane chemotherapy. Each subject underwent four-limb cryocompression with each chemotherapy infusion (three hours) for a maximum of 12 cycles. Cryocompression was administered at 16 °C and cyclic pressure (5–15 mmHg). Skin surface temperature and tolerance scores were recorded. Neuropathy was assessed using clinician-graded peripheral sensory neuropathy scores, total neuropathy score (TNS) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) conducted before (NCSpre), after completion (NCSpost) and 3 months post-chemotherapy (NCS3m). Results were retrospectively compared with patients who underwent paclitaxel chemotherapy along with continuous-flow cooling and controls with no hypothermia. In total, 13 patients underwent 142 cycles of cryocompression concomitant with chemotherapy. Limb hypothermia was well tolerated, and only 1 out of 13 patients required an intra-cycle temperature increase, with no early termination of cryocompression in any subject. Mean skin temperature reduction of 3.8 ± 1.7 °C was achieved. Cryocompression demonstrated significantly greater skin temperature reductions compared to continuous-flow cooling and control (p < 0.0001). None of the patients experienced severe neuropathy (clinician-assessed neuropathy scores of grade 2 or higher). NCS analysis showed preservation of motor amplitudes at NCS3m in subjects who underwent cryocompression, compared to the controls who showed significant deterioration (NCS3m cryocompression vs. NCS3m control: ankle stimulation: 8.1 ± 21.4%, p = 0.004; below fibula head stimulation: 12.7 ± 25.6%, p = 0.0008; above fibula head stimulation: 9.4 ± 24.3%, p = 0.002). Cryocompression did not significantly affect taxane-induced changes in sensory nerve amplitudes. When compared to continuous-flow cooling, cryocompression permitted delivery of lower temperatures with similar tolerability. The lower skin surface temperatures achieved potentially lead to improved efficacy in neurotoxicity amelioration. Larger studies investigating cryocompression are required to validate these findings.