gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel method of selective SiO2 formation on Mo electrodes (1984)

A novel technique of selective SiO2 formation called the interfacial oxidation method is proposed and proved feasible by experiment. By this technique, a poly-Si/MoO2/Mo structure (poly-Si on MoO2 on Mo) can be converted to a poly-Si/SiO2/Mo structure by annealing in an H2 atmosphere so that SiO2 is selectively formed on only Mo electrodes. The SiO2 film formed by this method is shown to have almost the same properties as thermally grown SiO2 film; the Si(2p) binding energy peak, etching rate for diluted HF(H2O:HF=100:3), and average breakdown strength were 102.9 eV, 102 Å/min, and 3.6×106 V/cm, respectively. In addition, most diodes of 500×500 μm2 area showed a leakage current of less than 10−12 A.
Thermal and Electrical Effects of Partial Shade in Monolithic Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules (2015)

Photovoltaic cells can be damaged by reverse bias stress, which arises during service when a monolithically integrated thin-film module is partially shaded. We introduce a model for describing a module's internal thermal and electrical state, which cannot normally be measured. Using this model and experimental measurements, we present several results with relevance for reliability testing and module engineering: Modules with a small breakdown voltage experience less stress than those with a large breakdown voltage, with some exceptions for modules having light-enhanced reverse breakdown. Masks leaving a small part of the masked cells illuminated can lead to very high temperature and current density compared with masks covering entire cells.
Peripheral artery disease, redox signaling, oxidative stress – Basic and clinical aspects (2017)

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, e.g. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, nitric oxide) confer redox regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. At higher concentrations, ROS and RNS lead to oxidative stress and oxidative damage of biomolecules (e.g. via formation of peroxynitrite, fenton chemistry). Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by severe ischemic conditions in the periphery leading to intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia (end stage). It is well known that redox biology and oxidative stress play an important role in this setting. We here discuss the major pathways of oxidative stress and redox signaling underlying the disease progression with special emphasis on the contribution of inflammatory processes. We also highlight therapeutic strategies comprising pharmacological (e.g. statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, phosphodiesterase inhibition) and non-pharmacological (e.g. exercise) interventions. Both of these strategies induce potent indirect antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms that may contribute to an improvement of PAD associated complications and disease progression by removing excess formation of ROS and RNS (e.g. by ameliorating primary complications such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension) as well as the normalization of the inflammatory phenotype suppressing the progression of atherosclerosis.
Optic Nerve Tortuosity and Globe Proptosis in Normal and Glaucoma Subjects (2018)

Abstract Purpose To assess the difference in optic nerve tortuosity during eye movements and globe proptosis between primary open angle glaucoma and normal subjects using orbital magnetic resonance imaging. Methods 10 Chinese subjects matched for age, ethnicity and refractive errors were recruited, including five normal controls and five patients with primary open angle glaucoma. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess their optic nerves and globes for three eye positions: primary gaze, adduction and abduction. Optic nerve tortuosity (optic nerve length divided by the distance between two ends) and globe proptosis (maximum distance between cornea and interzygomatic line) were measured from magnetic resonance imaging images. Results In adduction, the tortuosity of normal eyes was significantly larger than that of the glaucomatous eyes. Optic nerve tortuosity in adduction in the control and glaucoma groups were 1.004±0.003 (mean ± standard deviation) and 1.001±0.001, respectively (p=0.037). Globe proptosis (primary gaze) in glaucoma subjects (19.14±2.11 mm) was significantly higher than that in control subjects (15.32±2.79 mm; p = 0.046). Conclusions In this sample, subjects with glaucoma exhibited more taut optic nerves and more protruding eye globes compared to normal eyes. This may impact optic nerve head deformations in anatomically predisposed patients. Précis Eyes with glaucoma have tauter optic nerves compared with normal eyes, which may exert more force on the optic nerve head tissues during eye movements.
Abstract 10630: Active Myocardial TGF-β Level is Significantly Increased in End-Stage Human Heart Failure (2011)

Persistent TGF-β activation is thought to be involved in progressive ventricular remodeling and TGF-β inhibition has been considered as a potential treatment to prevent the progression of heart failure. However, there has been no direct evidence of increased active TGF-β levels in the diseased human myocardium. Thus, we assessed the hypothesis that increased active TGF-β is seen in the myocardium of end-stage heart failure. We examined the molecular and biochemical profiles of human myocardial tissues from non failing donors (NF; n = 10), patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM; n = 10) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM; n = 10) obtained at the time of heart transplant. We studied mRNA levels by real-time RT-PCR, protein levels by immunoblots, and active TGF-β levels by bioassay using cultured mink lung epithelial cells transfected with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 promoter-luciferase construct. Using this assay, active TGF-β levels were measured in the protein extracts from myocardial tissues. Data were shown as mean ±SD. The patients9 ages were NF 49± 20, ICM 57± 5, and NICM 52 ±10. Pre-transplant LVEF was NF 67 ±7%, ICM 21 ±14%, and NICM 14 ±6%. There was no significant difference in Collagen I, Collagen III, or TGF-β1 mRNA levels among the 3 groups. Although TGF-β1 protein levels by immunoblots were not significantly different in 3 groups, there was a pronounced increase in free TGF-β levels (Figure) and in phosphorylation of Smad2 in ICM and NICM compared with NF [NF 1.0 ±0.16; ICM 2.44 ±0.47 (p
Direct FGF-2 Gene Transfer via Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Stimulates Cell Proliferation, Collagen Production, and the Repair of Experimental Lesions in the Human ACL (2012)

This approach has potential value for the development of novel, effective treatments for ligament reconstruction.
An efficient CS-CPWL Based Predistorter (2009)

Abstract. We study the performance of Hammerstein pre-distorters (PD) to model and compensate nonlinear effects produced by a high power amplifier with memory. A novel Hammerstein model is introduced that includes, as the basic static nonlinearity, the complex simplicial canonical piece-wise linear (CS-CPWL) description. Previous results by the authors have shown that the use of this kind of static nonlin-earity leads to an efficient representation of basic nonlinear models. Furthermore, different tradeoffs between modeling capability and performance are considered.
0.18 /spl mu/m metal gate fully-depleted SOI MOSFETs for advanced CMOS applications (1999)

We report here for the first time a 0.18 /spl mu/m fully-depleted SOI process with PVD TiN metal gate. As midgap work function metal gate and very light channel doping were used, threshold voltage can be easily controlled in /spl plusmn/300 mV to /spl plusmn/500 mV range and on-wafer V/sub t/ variation was only about /spl plusmn/5 mV. Short channel effects can be further improved when silicon film thickness is thinner than 300 /spl Aring/. Subthreshold slope was kept below 75 mV/dec even for subnominal devices and V/sub t/ roll-offs for both N- and P-MOSFETs were very small.
Identification, uncertainty characterization and robust control synthesis applied to large flexible structures control (1998)

This paper demonstrates an approach to frequency domain identification for the explicit purpose of designing robust H∞ controllers. The approach transforms raw experimental data into a plant set estimate directly usable by modern robust control design software (e.g., Matlab Robust Control Toolboxes). A key issue in control design from raw data is the question of whether the controller will work when applied to the true system. The main feature of this approach is that the resulting controller is guaranteed to work as designed (when applied to the true system) to a prescribed statistical confidence. While the overall methodology addresses key theoretical issues, it has at the same time been specifically designed to support practical implementations. A simulation example is included to demonstrate the overall approach. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity of Photocycloadditions and Photocyclizations (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Expression of UDP Glucuronosyltransferases <i>2B15</i> and <i>2B17</i> is associated with methylation status in prostate cancer cells (2020)

Studies have suggested that abrogated expression of detoxification enzymes, UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, are associated with prostate tumour risk and progression. We investigated the role of EGF on the expression of these enzymes since it interacts with signalling pathways to also affect prostate tumour progression and is additionally associated with decreased DNA methylation. The expression of <i>UGT2B15, UGT2B17</i>, <i>de novo</i> methyltransferases, <i>DNMT3A</i> and <i>DNMT3B</i> was assessed in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) treated with EGF, an EGFR inhibitor PD16893, and the methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, respectively. The results showed that EGF treatment decreased levels of expression of all four genes and that their expression was reversed by PD16893. Treatment with 5-azacytidine, markedly decreased expression of <i>UGT2B15</i> and <i>UGT2B17</i> over 85% as well as significantly decreased expression of <i>DNMT3B</i>, but not the expression of <i>DNMT3A. DNMT3B</i> siRNA treated LNCaP cells had decreased expression of <i>UGT2B15</i> and <i>UGT2B17</i>, while <i>DNMT3A</i> siRNA treated cells had only moderately decreased <i>UGT2B15</i> expression. Treatment with DNMT methyltransferase inhibitor, RG108, significantly decreased <i>UGT2B17</i> expression. Additionally, methylation differences between prostate cancer samples and benign prostate samples from an Illumina 450K Methylation Array study were assessed. The results taken together suggest that hypomethylation of the <i>UGT2B15</i> and <i>UGT2B17</i> genes contributes to increased risk of prostate cancer and may provide a putative biomarker or epigenetic target for chemotherapeutics. Mechanistic studies are warranted to determine the role of the methylation marks in prostate cancer.
Efficient Hierarchical Refinement and Clustering for Radiosity in Complex Environments (1996)

Abstract Generating accurate radiosity solutions of very complex environments is a time‐consuming problem. We present a rapid hierarchical algorithm that enables such solutions to be computed quickly and efficiently. Firstly, a new technique for bounding the error in the transfer of radiosity between surfaces is discussed, incorporating bounds on form factors, visibility, irradiance, and reflectance over textured surfaces. This technique is then applied to the problem of bounding radiosity transfer between clusters of surfaces, leading to a fast, practical clustering algorithm that builds on the previous work of Sillion 1 . Volumes are used to represent clusters of small surfaces, but unlike previous algorithms, the orientations of surfaces inside each cluster are accounted for in both the error bound and radiosity transfer. This enables an accurate solution to be generated very efficiently, and results are presented demonstrating the performance of the algorithm on a variety of complex models, one containing almost a quarter of a million initial surfaces.
Heterogeneous integration of materials for passive components and smart systems : symposium held November 27-29, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (2007)

Preface Materials Research Society symposium proceedings Part I. Packaging and Embedded Components Part II. Joint Session: System in Package Part III. Poster Session Part IV. Mems Part V. Magnetic Components Author index Subject index.
Metric Learning for Dynamic Text Classification (2019)

Traditional text classifiers are limited to predicting over a fixed set of labels. However, in many real-world applications the label set is frequently changing. For example, in intent classification, new intents may be added over time while others are removed.
A Multiwavelength Dynamical State Analysis of ACT-CL J0019.6+0336 (2021)

In our study, we show a multiwavelength view of ACT-CL J0019.6+0336 (which hosts a radio halo), to investigate the cluster dynamics, morphology, and ICM. We use a combination of XMM-Newton images, Dark Energy Survey (DES) imaging and photometry, SDSS spectroscopic information, and 1.16 GHz MeerKAT data to study the cluster properties. Various X-ray and optical morphology parameters are calculated to investigate the level of disturbance. We find disturbances in two X-ray parameters and the optical density map shows elongated and axisymmetric structures with the main cluster component southeast of the cluster centre and another component northwest of the cluster centre. We also find a BCG offset of ∼950 km/s from the mean velocity of the cluster, and a discrepancy between the SZ mass, X-ray mass, and dynamical mass (MX,500 and MSZ,500 lies &gt;3σ away from Mdyn,500), showing that J0019 is a merging cluster and probably in a post-merging phase.
Bone Marrow Plasma Cells Are a Primary Source of Serum HIV-1–Specific Antibodies in Chronically Infected Individuals (2015)

Several potent and broadly neutralizing Abs to HIV-1 have been isolated recently from peripheral blood B cells of infected individuals, based on prescreening of Ab activity in the serum. However, little is known regarding the cells that make the Abs that circulate in the blood. Accordingly, we investigated the most likely source, the bone marrow, of chronically HIV-1-infected individuals who were not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Increased frequencies of plasma cells, as well as B cell precursors, namely preB-I and preB-II, and decreased frequencies of mature B cells were observed in bone marrow aspirates of these individuals compared with HIV-negative counterparts. Increased frequencies of bone marrow plasma cells are consistent with known hallmarks of HIV-1 infection, namely hypergammaglobulinemia and increased frequencies of peripheral blood plasmablasts. Levels of HIV-1 envelope (Env)-binding and HIV-1-neutralizing Abs were measured in serum, and corresponding frequencies of Ab-secreting or Env-binding cells were measured in the blood (plasmablasts and memory B cells) and in the bone marrow (plasma cells). A strong correlation was observed between serum HIV-1-specific Abs and Env-specific bone marrow-derived plasma cells, but not circulating plasmablasts or memory B cells. These findings demonstrate that, despite HIV-1-induced phenotypic and functional B cell dysregulation in the peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid tissues, bone marrow plasma cells remain a primary source for circulating HIV-1-specific Abs in HIV-1-infected individuals.
Protection of Cellulose Synthesis in Detached Cotton Fibers by Polyethylene Glycol (1980)

Detachment of the cotton fiber cell from the ovule results in loss of over 90% of the in vivo capacity for synthesis of [(14)C]cellulose from [(14)C]glucose. However, over 50% of the capacity for cellulose synthesis in the detached fiber population is protected when polyethylene glycol 4000 is present during detachment and incubation. Radioautography shows that approximately full capacity is restored in about half the fibers, whereas the other half of the population are incapable of cellulose synthesis from supplied glucose. The rate of cellulose synthesis in such fibers has a pH optimum of 6 and the optimum polyethylene glycol 4000 concentration is 0.06 molal (-9 bars). Cellulose synthesis in such detached fibers is synergistically stimulated by Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) and inhibited by K(+).Evidence is presented which indicates that the protection by polyethylene glycol 4000 is due to its ability to promote membrane resealing, which seems to be required for protecting cellulose synthesis in the detached fiber; however, the requirement for membrane integrity is not exclusively involved in the maintainence of an energy generating system for the synthesis. The possibility that a membrane potential may be required for maintaining an active cellulose synthesizing system is discussed.
Review and Update of Leukemia Risk Potentially Associated with Occupational Exposure to Benzene (1989)

Since the 1980 U.S. Supreme Court decision on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) proposal to lower the occupational benzene standard from 10 ppm to 1 ppm, numerous quantitative assessments of the leukemia risk of benzene exposure have been prepared. The primary difference between these risk assessments has been in the way in which benzene exposure has been estimated and in the models applied to describe the dose-response relationship. The more recent assessments, in attempting to estimate benzene exposures on an individual basis, and in applying models which make maximal use of the available data points, represent a substantial improvement over earlier assessments. In this paper, we will review the available risk assessments and the data upon which they are based and will present our own assessment, which builds on prior efforts. Our reevaluation of the underlying data on the cohort that we judged to be most suitable for quantitative risk analysis suggested that past assessments may have overestimated risk by a factor of 3 to 24. In addition, we will present some recently made available data of relevance to the benzene exposure histories of cohort of concern. These data provide additional suggestion that the total benzene exposure of certain members of this cohort has likely been seriously underestimated, the extent to which remains to be determined. Further analysis of these data and pursuit of additional sources to improve the characterization of the benzene exposure of this cohort appear to be warranted in order to define more precisely the benzene-leukemia dose-response relationship.
Structural Transformations during Formation of Quasi‐Amorphous BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (2006)

Abstract A model of structural transformations of amorphous into quasi‐amorphous BaTiO 3 is suggested. The model is based on previously published data and on X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data presented in the current report. Both amorphous and quasi‐amorphous phases of BaTiO 3 are made up of a network of slightly distorted TiO 6 octahedra connected in three different ways: by apices (akin to perovskite), edges, and faces. Ba ions in these phases are located in the voids between the octahedra, which is a nonperovskite environment. These data also suggest that Ba ions compensate electrical‐charge imbalance incurred by randomly connected octahedra and, thereby, stabilize the TiO 6 network. Upon heating, the edge‐to‐edge and face‐to‐face connections between TiO 6 octahedra are severed and then reconnected via apices. Severing the connections between TiO 6 octahedra requires a volume increase, suppression of which keeps some of the edge‐to‐edge and face‐to‐face connections intact. Transformation of the amorphous thin films into the quasi‐amorphous phase occurs during pulling through a steep temperature gradient. During this process, the volume increase is inhomogeneous and causes both highly anisotropic strain and a strain gradient. The strain gradient favors breaking those connections, which aligns the distorted TiO 6 octahedra along the direction of the gradient. As a result, the structure becomes not only anisotropic and non‐centrosymmetric, but also acquires macroscopic polarization. Other compounds may also form a quasi‐amorphous phase, providing that they satisfy the set of conditions derived from the suggested model.
Epithelial V-like Antigen (EVA), a Novel Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily, Expressed in Embryonic Epithelia with a Potential Role as Homotypic Adhesion Molecule in Thymus Histogenesis (1998)

Thymus development depends on a complex series of interactions between thymocytes and the stromal component of the organ. To identify regulated genes during this codependent developmental relationship, we have applied an RNA fingerprinting technique to the analysis of thymus expansion and maturation induced in recombinase-deficient mice injected with anti-CD3 antibodies. This approach led us to the identification of a gene encoding a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, named epithelial V-like antigen (EVA), which is expressed in thymus epithelium and strongly downregulated by thymocyte developmental progression. This gene is expressed in the thymus and in several epithelial structures early in embryogenesis. EVA is highly homologous to the myelin protein zero and, in thymus-derived epithelial cell lines, is poorly soluble in nonionic detergents, strongly suggesting an association to the cytoskeleton. Its capacity to mediate cell adhesion through a homophilic interaction and its selective regulation by T cell maturation might imply the participation of EVA in the earliest phases of thymus organogenesis.
Reduced mRNA expression of nucleotide excision repair genes in lymphocytes and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2020)

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) plays a critical role in the development of smoking-related cancers. We hypothesize that mRNA expression levels of NER genes are associated with risk of the squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study of 260 SCCHN patients and 246 cancer-free controls by measuring the mRNA expression levels of eight core NER genes in cultured peripheral lymphocytes. Compared with the controls, cases had statistically significantly lower expression levels of DDB1 and ERCC3 (P = 0.015 and 0.041, respectively). Because DDB1 and ERCC3 expression levels were highly correlated, we used DDB1 for further multivariate analyses and modeling. After dividing the subjects by controls' quartiles of expression levels, we found an association between an increased risk of SCCHN and low DDB1 expression levels [adjusted ORs and 95% CIs: 1.92 and 1.11-3.32, 1.48 and 0.85-2.59, 2.00 and 1.15-3.45 for the 2nd-4th quartiles, respectively, compared with the 1st quartile; Ptrend = 0.026]. We also identified a multiplicative interaction between sex and DDB1 expression levels (P = 0.007). Finally, the expanded model with gene expression levels, in addition to demographic and clinical variables, on SCCHN risk was significantly improved, especially among men. In conclusion, reduced DDB1 expression levels were associated with an increased risk of SCCHN. However, these results need to be validated in larger studies.