gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alumina–Aluminide Alloys (3A) Technology: I, Model Development (2000)

The general reaction behavior of the 3A process under the thermal explosion mode of synthesis has been investigated via a continuum model. The continuum model uses mass and energy balances to predict temperature difference ( T s,avg − T f ) curves, as well as profile curves of the reactant conversions and sample temperature. In particular, the effect of the dimensionless parameters associated with the rate of local heat generation (β, the thermicity factor), the activation energy (γ, the Arrhenius number), the rate of heat redistribution (α, the modified thermal diffusivity), the rate of heat transfer by convection (Bi, the Biot number or convective heat transfer parameter), and the rate of heat transfer by radiation (Ω, the radiative heat transfer parameter) were investigated. Conditions to control the reaction process, which should produce high‐density final products, were determined. It was found that the overall maximum temperature may be reduced for high γ, low β, high α, and high Bi and Ω. In terms of processing conditions, this may be obtained by reducing the initial reactant concentrations, optimizing the particle size, using small sample sizes and high compaction pressure, and increasing the heat loss by using a high thermal conductivity inert gas.
Fluid-Ventilated, Gas-Permeable Scleral Contact Lens Is an Effective Option for Managing Severe Ocular Surface Disease and Many Corneal Disorders That Would Otherwise Require Penetrating Keratoplasty (2005)

The fluid-ventilated, gas-permeable scleral lens is an important front-line tool for managing many corneal disorders refractory to other treatment measures or otherwise requiring keratoplasty.
CLO (Cross Layer Optimization) Technique for Multi-view Video Streaming Service over WiBro Network (2008)

본 논문은 WiBro 망을 통한 다시점 비디오 서비스의 품질을 향상시키기 위하여, 수신자가 느끼는 다시점 비디오 품질을 위한 QoE (Quality of Experience)를 정의하고, 이를 최대화할 수 있는 계층 간 최적화 방식(Cross-Layer Optimization: CLO)을 제안한다. 제안하는 계층 간 최적화 방식(이하 CLO) 알고리즘은 물리계층에서 비디오계층까지 포함한다. 시간과 장소에 따라 변화하는 무선망 상황에서, 다시점 비디오의 시점별 중요도와 시간적 중요도를 구분하여, 프레임 전송 우선순위와 순방향 오류 정정(Forward Error Correction : FEC) 수준을 결정한다. 핸드오버 상황에서 제안하는 CLO 방식을 사용하였을 때 최소의 자원으로 최고대의 QoE를 달성할 수 있음을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 보여준다. This paper defines QoE (Quality of Experience) for multi-view video streaming service over WiBro and proposes the CLO (Cross-Layer Optimization) algorithm can maximize this. Proposal CLO algorithm contains from physical layer to video layer. Under the time-varying wireless channel condition, the CLO technique takes view-wise and the temporal priority of the multi-view video into consideration in order to decide the transmission of frames and its FEC level. At the handover situation, it is shown through computer simulation that the optimal quality of the multi-view video can be achieved using the minimum amount of resources if the proposed CLO technique is applied.
A method to improve quantitative <scp>radiotracing‐based</scp> analysis of the in vivo biodistribution of drug carriers (2020)

Biodistribution studies are essential in drug carrier design and translation, and radiotracing provides a sensitive quantitation for this purpose. Yet, for biodegradable formulations, small amounts of free-label signal may arise prior to or immediately after injection in animal models, causing potentially confounding biodistribution results. In this study, we refined a method to overcome this obstacle. First, we verified free signal generation in animal samples and then, mimicking it in a controllable setting, we injected mice intravenously with a radiolabeled drug carrier formulation (<sup>125</sup>I-antibody/3DNA) containing a known amount of free radiolabel (<sup>125</sup>I), or free <sup>125</sup>I alone as a control. Corrected biodistribution data were obtained by separating the free radiolabel from blood and organs postmortem, using trichloroacetic acid precipitation, and subtracting the confounding signal from each tissue measurement. Control free <sup>125</sup>I-radiolabel was detected at ≥85% accuracy in blood and tissues, validating the method. It biodistributed very heterogeneously among organs (0.6-39 %ID/g), indicating that any free <sup>125</sup>I generated in the body or present in an injected formulation cannot be simply corrected to the free-label fraction in the original preparation, but the free label must be empirically measured in each organ. Application of this method to the biodistribution of <sup>125</sup>I-antibody/3DNA, including formulations directed to endothelial target ICAM-1, showed accurate classification of free <sup>125</sup>I species in blood and tissues. In addition, this technique rendered data on the in vivo degradation of the traced agents over time. Thus, this is a valuable technique to obtain accurate measurements of biodistribution using <sup>125</sup>I and possibly other radiotracers.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 2‐ and 5‐Azido‐N‐(diphenylcarbamoyl)proline Methyl Esters. Examples of a Novel Proline Oxidation. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bacteriocins reduce<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>colonization while bacteria producing bacteriocins are ineffective (2008)

Broiler chickens are widely considered an important source of human exposure to Campylobacter jejuni because of the high numbers found colonizing the chicken gut and the consequent contamination of processed carcasses. We hoped to intervene in C. jejuni gut colonization by using a defined probiotic. Chicken intestinal contents were screened for diverse bacterial isolates that manifested C. jejuni inhibition. These antagonistic bacteria were fed directly to chickens before or after C. jejuni challenge. The prophylactic probiotic treatments were effective only when very low challenge levels of C. jejuni were used. Otherwise, probiotic treatments failed to reduce C. jejuni colonization. Regardless of treatment, as birds further aged C. jejuni numbers soon approached the levels observed in the control birds. We sought an alternative approach, as commercial broilers may be exposed to infectious levels of C. jejuni at any time during production. Two of our most promising antagonistic isolates, Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 and Paenibacillus polymyxa NRRL B-30509, were further studied for effectiveness in reducing C. jejuni in chickens. When 250 mg of purified bacteriocins (produced by these organisms)/kg feed were fed therapeutically to chickens colonized with C. jejuni, colonization was reduced by at least one million-fold. Treatments with viable probiotic bacterial cultures were ineffective in reducing C. jejuni in chickens, while bacteriocin treatment from these corresponding bacteria substantially reduced C. jejuni colonization in the live birds.
Molecular dispersion spectroscopy based on Fabry–Perot quantum cascade lasers (2017)

Two Fabry-Perot quantum cascade lasers are used in a differential dual comb configuration to perform rapidly swept dispersion spectroscopy of low-pressure nitrous oxide with <1 ms acquisition time. Active feedback control of the laser injection current enables simultaneous wavelength modulation of both lasers at kilohertz rates. The system demonstrates similar performance in both absorption and dispersion spectroscopy modes and achieves a noise-equivalent absorption figure of merit in the low 10<sup>-4</sup>/Hz range.
Radiation sensitive MOSFETs irradiated with various positive gate biases (2021)

The RADiation sensitive metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (RADFETs) were irradiated with gamma rays up to absorbed dose of 110 Gy(H2O). The results of threshold voltage, VT, during irradiation with various positive gate biases showed the increase in VT with gate bias. The threshold voltage shift, ΔVT, during irradiation was fitted very well. The contributions of both the fixed traps (FTs) and switching traps (STs) during radiation on ΔVT were analyzed. The results show the significantly higher contribution of FTs than STs. A function that describes the dependence of threshold voltage shift and its components on gate bias was proposed, which fitted the experimental values very well. The annealing at the room temperature without gate bias of irradiated RADFETs was investigated. The recovery of threshold voltage, known as fading, slightly increase with the gate bias applied during radiation. The ΔVT shows the same changes as the threshold voltage component due to fixed states, ΔVft, while there is no change in the threshold voltage component due to switching traps, ΔVst.
Uniqueness of tomography with unknown view angles (2000)

In the standard two-dimensional (2-D) parallel beam tomographic formulation, it is assumed that the angles at which the projections were acquired are known. In certain situations, however, these angles are known only approximately (as in the case of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a moving patient), or are completely unknown. The latter occurs in a three-dimensional (3-D) version of the problem in the electron microscopy-based imaging of viral particles. We address the problem of determining the view angles directly from the projection data itself in the 2-D parallel beam case. We prove the surprising result that under some fairly mild conditions, the view angles are uniquely determined by the projection data. We present conditions for the unique recovery of these view angles based on the Helgasson-Ludwig consistency conditions for the Radon transform, we also show that when the projections are shifted by some random amount which must be jointly estimated with the view angles, unique recovery of both the shifts and view angles is possible.
Reliable Low-Cost Fabrication of Low-Loss $\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O} _{3}{:}\hbox{Er}^{3+}$ Waveguides With 5.4-dB Optical Gain (2009)

A reliable and reproducible deposition process for the fabrication of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> waveguides with losses as low as 0.1 dB/cm has been developed. The thin films are grown at ~ 5 nm/min deposition rate and exhibit excellent thickness uniformity within 1% over 50times50 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area and no detectable OH <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> incorporation. For applications of the Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> films in compact, integrated optical devices, a high-quality channel waveguide fabrication process is utilized. Planar and channel propagation losses as low as 0.1 and 0.2 dB/cm, respectively, are demonstrated. For the development of active integrated optical functions, the implementation of rare-earth-ion doping is investigated by cosputtering of erbium during the Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> layer growth. Dopant levels between 0.2-5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> are studied. At Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> concentrations of interest for optical amplification, a lifetime of the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13/2</sub> level as long as 7 ms is measured. Gain measurements over 6.4-cm propagation length in a 700-nm-thick Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> channel waveguide result in net optical gain over a 41-nm-wide wavelength range between 1526-1567 nm with a maximum of 5.4 dB at 1533 nm.
Plasmonic control of drug release efficiency in agarose gel loaded with gold nanoparticle assemblies (2021)

Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) are exploited to concentrate light, provide local heating and enhance drug release when coupled to smart polymers. However, the role of NP assembling in these processes is poorly investigated, although their superior performance as nanoheaters has been theoretically predicted since a decade. Here we report on a compound hydrogel (agarose and carbomer 974P) loaded with gold NPs of different configurations. We investigate the dynamics of light-heat conversion in these hybrid plasmonic nanomaterials via a combination of ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and hot-electrons dynamical modeling. The photothermal study ascertains the possibility to control the degree of assembling via surface functionalization of the NPs, thus enabling a tuning of the photothermal response of the plasmon-enhanced gel under continuous wave excitation. We exploit these assemblies to enhance photothermal release of drug mimetics with large steric hindrance loaded in the hydrogel. Using compounds with an effective hydrodynamic diameter bigger than the mesh size of the gel matrix, we find that the nanoheaters assemblies enable a two orders of magnitude faster cumulative drug release toward the surrounding environment compared to isolated NPs, under the same experimental conditions. Our results pave the way for a new paradigm of nanoplasmonic control over drug release.
Interleukin 1β Induces Type II-secreted Phospholipase A2 Gene in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by a Nuclear Factor κB and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-mediated Process (1999)

Type II-secreted phospholipase A(2) (type II-sPLA(2)) is expressed in smooth muscle cells during atherosclerosis or in response to interleukin-1beta. The present study shows that the induction of type II-sPLA(2) gene by interleukin-1beta requires activation of the NFkappaB pathway and cytosolic PLA(2)/PPARgamma pathway, which are both necessary to achieve the transcriptional process. Interleukin-1beta induced type II-sPLA(2) gene dose- and time-dependently and increased the binding of NFkappaB to a specific site of type II-sPLA(2) promoter. This effect was abolished by proteinase inhibitors that block the proteasome machinery and NFkappaB nuclear translocation. Type II-sPLA(2) induction was also obtained by free arachidonic acid and was blocked by either AACOCF(3), a specific cytosolic-PLA(2) inhibitor, PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor which prevents cytosolic PLA(2) activation, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, but not by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, suggesting a role for a lipoxygenase product. Type II-sPLA(2) induction was obtained after treatment of the cells by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-dehydroprostaglandin J(2), carbaprostacyclin, and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, which are ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, whereas PPARalpha ligands were ineffective. Interleukin-1beta as well as PPARgamma-ligands stimulated the activity of a reporter gene containing PPARgamma-binding sites in its promoter. Binding of both NFkappaB and PPARgamma to their promoter is required to stimulate the transcriptional process since inhibitors of each class block interleukin-1beta-induced type II-sPLA(2) gene activation. We therefore suggest that NFkappaB and PPARgamma cooperate at the enhanceosome-coactivator level to turn on transcription of the proinflammatory type II-sPLA(2) gene.
Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility revealed by myalgia and rhabdomyolysis during fluoroquinolone treatment. (2001)

Fluoroquinolones cause myalgia, but this complication is not clearly documented. We describe a patient who developed myalgia and rhabdomyolysis during fluoroquinolone treatment. The patient was a 33-year-old man treated with norfloxacin for common cystitis. He complained of general muscular fatigue, tendon disorders, and articular pain during treatment. When the antimicrobial agent was stopped, symptoms decreased, with persistence of slight myalgia for 10 days. Rhabdomyolysis was detected. Six months later, investigation by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed an oxidative disorder and an abnormal abundance of phosphomonoesters. In vitro contracture tests led to a diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Our case shows that for any subject presenting myalgia with rhabdomyolysis triggered by fluoroquinolone treatment, the presence of a latent myopathy should be investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Transformations of 1‐Azido‐glycopyranosyl Cyanides ‐ Precursors of Anomeric α‐Amino Acids. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spermine Derivatives of Indole‐3‐carboxylic Acid, Indole‐3‐acetic Acid and Indole‐3‐acrylic Acid as Gram‐Negative Antibiotic Adjuvants (2020)

The discovery of new antibiotic adjuvants is an attractive option for overcoming antimicrobial resistance. We have previously reported the discovery of a bis-6-bromoindolglyoxylamide derivative of spermine as being able to enhance the action of antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria but suffers from being cytotoxic and red-blood cell haemolytic. A series of analogues was prepared exploring variation of the indolglyoxylamide unit, to include indole-3-acrylic, indole-3-acetic and indole-3-carboxylate units, and evaluated for antibiotic enhancing properties against a range of Gram-negative bacteria, and for intrinsic antimicrobial, cytotoxic and haemolytic properties. Two spermine derivatives, bearing 5-bromo-indole-3-acetic acid (17) and 5-methoxy-indole-3-acrylic acid (14) end groups were found to exhibit good to moderate antibiotic adjuvant activities for doxycycline towards the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but with more modest intrinsic antimicrobial activity and greatly reduced cytotoxic and haemolytic properties. The mechanism of action of the latter derivative identified its ability to disrupt the outer membranes of bacteria and to inhibit the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump directly or by inhibiting the proton gradient.
The Concussion Recognition Tool 5th Edition (CRT5): Background and rationale (2017)

The Concussion Recognition Tool 5 (CRT5) is the most recent revision of the Pocket Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 that was initially introduced by the Concussion in Sport Group in 2005. The CRT5 is designed to assist non-medically trained individuals to recognise the signs and symptoms of possible sport-related concussion and provides guidance for removing an athlete from play/sport and to seek medical attention. This paper presents the development of the CRT5 and highlights the differences between the CRT5 and prior versions of the instrument.
Automatic annotation of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization <b><i>N</i></b>‐glycan spectra (2005)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is the pre-eminent technique for mass mapping of glycans. In order to make this technique practical for high-throughput screening, reliable automatic methods of annotating peaks must be devised. We describe an algorithm called Cartoonist that labels peaks in MALDI spectra of permethylated N-glycans with cartoons which represent the most plausible glycans consistent with the peak masses and the types of glycans being analyzed. There are three main parts to Cartoonist. (i) It selects annotations from a library of biosynthetically plausible cartoons. The library we currently use has about 2800 cartoons, but was constructed using only about 300 archetype cartoons entered by hand. (ii) It determines the precision and calibration of the machine used to generate the spectrum. It does this automatically based on the spectrum itself. (iii) It assigns a confidence score to each annotation. In particular, rather than making a binary yes/no decision when annotating a peak, it makes all plausible annotations and associates them with scores indicating the probability that they are correct.
A Model of Interdomain Network Formation, Economics and Routing (2009)

The Internet at the interdomain level is highly dynamic, as autonomous networks change their connectivity to optimize either monetary cost, profit and/or performance. Internet Service Providers (ISPs), for example, are mainly concerned with maximizing their profits, and they attempt to do so by changing their set of providers or peers. It is not well understood, however, what the properties of the resulting internetwork are, in terms of topology, economics and performance. In this paper, we propose ITER, a first-principles model of interdomain network formation that incorporates the effects of economics, interdomain traffic flow, geography, pricing/cost structures and interdomain routing policies. We use an agent-based compuational method (treating networks as selfish agents) to find the equilibrium that results as each network uses a certain provider and peer selection strategy (such as “peer by traffic ratios ” or “peer by necessity”). We study the properties of this equilibrium in terms of topology, traffic flow and economics. We also investigate the effect of factors such as the interdomain traffic matrix, geography, and customer preferences on the properties of the equilibrium network.
On improving 4x4 space-time codes (2006)

In this work, we discuss the construction of 4 × 4&#13;\nspace-time codes for coherent MIMO channels. Recently, the so-called perfect space-time codes have been introduced. These are algebraic codes, which satisfy a plethora of properties, that makes&#13;\nthem particularly efficient. They are available for 2,3,4 and 6&#13;\nantennas, and the optimal perfect code for 2 antennas is known.&#13;\nIn an attempt to find the optimal perfect code for 4 antennas,&#13;\nwe found and present here a (non perfect) code construction that&#13;\nexhibits better performance than 4 × 4 known codes.
Cross-Coupling Inductance Parameter Estimation for More Accurate Performance Evaluation of Wound-Field Flux Modulation Machines (2020)

In this paper, a proposed numerical frozen permeability modeling procedure is fully derived to accurately estimate the parameters of two variants of wound-field flux modulation machines (WF-FMMs) namely: wound-field flux switching machine (WF-FSM) and DC-excited vernier reluctance machine (DC-VRM). During the procedure, the contribution of saturation to the variation of the machine parameters is investigated. The parameter variation effects on the machine performance is also investigated. It is shown that analysis of WF-FMMs is better understood by using the proposed procedure which computes accurately the machine parameters.