gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A nonlinear, control-oriented model for ionic polymer-metal composite actuators (2008)

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) form an important category of electroactive polymers and have many potential applications in biomedical, robotic and micro/nano manipulation systems. In this paper, a nonlinear, control-oriented model is proposed for IPMC actuators. A key component in the proposed model is the nonlinear capacitance of IPMC. A nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE), which can capture the fundamental physics in IPMC, is fully considered in the derivation of nonlinear capacitance. A systems perspective is taken to get the nonlinear mapping from the voltage to the induced charge by analytically solving the nonlinear PDE at the steady state when a step voltage is applied. The nonlinear capacitance is incorporated into the circuit model, which includes additionally the pseudocapacitance due to the electrochemical adsorption process, the ion diffusion resistance, and the nonlinear DC resistance of the polymer, to capture electrical dynamics of IPMC. With electromechanical coupling, the curvature output is derived based on the circuit model. The proposed model is formulated in the state space, which will be the starting point for nonlinear controller design. Experimental verification shows that the proposed model can capture the major nonlinearities in the electrical response of IPMC.
Model‐based analysis of chemical‐looping combustion experiments. Part II: Optimal design of CH<sub>4</sub>‐NiO reduction experiments (2016)

There is significant controversy in the reduction kinetics of chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) between NiO and CH 4 . We propose an application of a model‐based framework to improve the quality of CLC experiments with respect to model discrimination and parameter estimation. First, optimal experiments are designed and executed to reject inadequate models and to determine a true model structure for the reaction kinetics of the CH 4 ‐NiO system. Then, kinetics with statistical significance is estimated from experiments aimed at reducing parameter uncertainty. To maximize the observability of the NiO reduction reactions, fixed bed experiments should exhibit a peak separation of the concentration profiles, an initial high methane slip, and low overall CO 2 selectivity. Several case studies are presented to check the adequacy of the recommended model and evaluate its predictive ability and extrapolation capabilities. The model resulting from this work is validated and suitable for application in process design and optimization. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 62: 2432–2446, 2016
Sub-THz Spectrum as Enabler for 6G Wireless Communications up to 1 Tbit/s (2019)

International audience
Improved Durability of Wood Treated with Nano Metal Fluorides against Brown-Rot and White-Rot Fungi (2022)

Low-water soluble metal fluorides such as magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) were evaluated for decay protection of wood. Initially, the biocidal efficacy of nano metal fluorides (NMFs) against wood destroying fungi was assessed with an in-vitro agar test. The results from the test showed that agar medium containing MgF2 and CaF2 was more efficient in preventing fungal decay than stand-alone MgF2 or CaF2. These metal fluorides, in their nanoscopic form synthesized using fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis, were introduced into the sapwood of Scots pine and beech wood and then subjected to accelerated ageing by leaching (EN 84). MAS 19F NMR and X-ray micro CT images showed that metal fluorides were present in treated wood, unleached and leached. Decay resistance of Scots pine and beech wood treated with NMFs was tested against wood destroying fungi Rhodonia placenta and Trametes versicolor in accordance with EN 113. Results revealed that mass losses were reduced to below 3% in wood treated with the combination of MgF2 and CaF2. It is concluded that NMFs provide full protection to wood even after it has been leached and can be used as wood preservatives in outdoor environments.
Spatially resolved optical measurements of electric terahertz signals on passive devices (1999)

Monolithic mm-wave integrated circuits have experienced strong improvements in operation frequencies in the last years. However, reports of III-V semiconductor transistors to have maximum frequencies as high as 400 GHz often stem from extrapolated measurements made at lower frequencies, due to bandwidth-limitations of the electronic equipment. The extrapolation of measurements at lower frequencies is insufficient for an accurate determination of the characteristics of passive or active elements in this frequency range. Another frequent restriction of conventional measurement techniques is that the signal can only be probed at specially designed interfaces. Optical sampling techniques allow the detection of electric fields with a high temporal and spatial resolution of 150 fs and 10 micrometers , respectively, at any point within or outside the device. In addition to S-parameter measurements at passive devices we demonstrate the spatial field distribution of an ultra-short electric pulse propagating through a band-stop filter with a broad stop-band probed via electrooptic sampling. To demonstrate the potentially high bandwidth of the measurement system the geometry of the stubs has been designed to show significant attenuation around a frequency f<SUB>0</SUB> equals 350 GHz.
Partial Stream Relaying in MIMO Relay Communications (2012)

For a decode-and-forward (DF)-based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) relaying system, we propose a novel partial-information relaying scheme that adaptively controls the number of streams to be forwarded to the destination. In the first transmission phase, a source node broadcasts data streams that consist of nonforwarding and forwarding streams. In the second transmission phase, a relay node forwards only forwarding streams to the destination, and a destination node decodes both nonforwarding and forwarding streams by successive interference cancellation. We consider two possible scenarios according to the availability of the channel-state information (CSI) at the source. The first scenario is that no CSI is available at the source, and therefore, a source node broadcasts data streams with equal power allocation. In this scenario, the number of data streams to be forwarded by the relay is determined according to the available CSI at the relay. For the second scenario, where the perfect CSI is available at the source, we propose a linearly combined precoding matrix for rate maximization. We also propose suboptimal schemes to reduce the complexity of the precoding design. Our analytical and numerical results show that the proposed scheme achieves a substantially higher rate than both the conventional relaying scheme, which forwards all the received streams, and the direct transmission scheme without relaying, regardless of CSI availability at the source.
Inside Back Cover: Development of an Activity‐Based Probe and In Silico Design Reveal Highly Selective Inhibitors for Diacylglycerol Lipase‐α in Brain (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46/2013) (2013)

In silico screening in combination with activity-based protein profiling as a strategy for discovering selective hits in complex brain proteome is presented by M. van der Stelt et al. in their Communication on page 12081 ff. A common starting point was used for the generation of both the pharmacophore model and the activity-based probe. This resulted in the identification of a novel class of diacylglycerol lipase-α inhibitors with high selectivity in the brain proteome.
Sleep Endocrine Effects of Megestrol Acetate in Healthy Men (1998)

Synthetic and naturally occurring steroids exert a variety of neural effects that include modulation of nocturnal sleep. The present study focuses on the effect of progesterone receptor (PR) activation on the nocturnal sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) in male volunteers. As a PR ligand, the synthetic progesterone megestrol was used, which has the advantage over progesterone in that it is not metabolized into other steroid compounds which could cloud the progesterone-mediated effects through their own neuroactive properties. Nine healthy male volunteers were investigated in a prospective single-blind randomized study design. They received either placebo tablets or megestrol acetate dosages of 160, 320 or 480 mg at 14.00 h and 19.00 h. Blood samples were drawn half-hourly from 22.00 h until 07.00 h. After 320 mg megestrol, plasma adrenocorticotropin secretion was lower and growth hormone secretion was higher than after 160 mg and 480 mg megestrol or placebo. Similarly, the reduction in the relative amount of rapid eye movement sleep was most pronounced after 320 mg. Thus, progesterone receptor activation, as reflected by the sleep EEG and associated pituitary hormone secretion, follows a nonlinear U-shape dose dependency of a well-defined PR ligand, which may explain the unresolved inconsistencies of neuroendocrine progesterone effects to date. Moreover, employing a CV1 cell line, contransfected with a human glucocorticoid receptor expression vector and a reporter gene-based detection system for transcriptional activity, revealed that a PR agonist such as megestrol may also activate glucocorticoid receptors. This may account for some of the neuroendocrine effects of megestrol and other progestins.
UCR-STAR (2019)

This article describes the UCR Spatio-temporal Active Repository (UCR-STAR). UCR-STAR is a visual catalog for big spatial datasets. Rather than a boring tabular listing of datasets, it provides an interactive map interface that allows users to explore these datasets to assess their coverage, quality, and distribution. This article describes both the functionality of UCR-STAR as well as the underlying system architecture. We believe that this article can help the research community by explaining how to realize research ideas into a workable product.
Effects of elevated blood insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration upon IGF-I in bovine mammary secretions during the colostrum phase (1993)

The objectives of these studies were to determine if the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in mammary colostrum secretions could be altered through manipulation of IGF-I concentrations in blood and to compare the temporal changes of IGF-I in mammary secretions to those occurring for IgG1. Milking of 15 pregnant Holstein cows was stopped at 8 weeks prepartum and they were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. A control (C) treatment consisted of feeding the animals 100% of NRC requirements for protein and energy. A second group of cows was fed as the control group and injected with 1.8 mumol bovine GH/day. The third group was fed at 70% of NRC requirements for protein and energy to cause a moderate nutrient restriction (NR). Body weight was measured weekly. Blood was collected by tail venepuncture at 4 h intervals for 24 h. Mammary secretions were collected and pooled among contralateral front and rear quarters (diagonal) for measurement of volume, IGF-I and IgG1 concentrations. Samples were collected at -7, -5, -2, 0 and 1 week postpartum. Cows on the NR treatment failed to gain weight during the dry period compared with C cows (P < 0.05). Blood GH and IGF-I concentrations (P > 0.1) were unaffected by NR treatment. Cows treated with GH had higher (P < 0.01) serum GH and IGF-I levels throughout the entire treatment period, and higher serum IgG1 at 5 and 2 weeks prepartum (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Learning Wormholes for Sparsely Labelled Clustering (2006)

Distance functions are an important component in many learning applications. However, the correct function is context dependent, therefore it is advantageous to learn a distance function using available training data. Many existing distance functions is the requirement for data to exist in a space of constant dimensionality and not possible to be directly used on symbolic data. To address these problems, this paper introduces an alternative learnable distance function, based on multi-kernel distance bases or wormholes that connects spaces belonging to similar examples that were originally far away close together. This work only assumes the availability of a set data in the form of relative comparisons, avoiding the need for having labelled or quantitative information. To learn the distance function, two algorithms were proposed: 1) Building a set of basic wormhole bases using a Boosting-inspired algorithm. 2) Merging different distance bases together for better generalisation. The learning algorithms were then shown to successfully extract suitable distance functions in various clustering problems, ranging from synthetic 2D data to symbolic representations of unlabelled images.
Viscosity and density of two alkali metal mixtures (1987)

The authors have measured the density and viscosity K-Cs binary mixture and a Na-K-Cs ternary mixture from their crystallisation points (234 K and 199 K respectively) to 300 K. Extrapolations of the fluidity data indicate that the effective glass temperatures are only 39 K and 12 K below the minimum melting and eutectic temperatures for the binary and ternary mixtures, respectively. The extrapolated liquid densities at these temperatures agree well with predictions based on hard-sphere models.
Mobile data communications: the future is in networks (2003)

As mobile data communications moves away from specialized markets towards a more integrated role with established data communications networks, the service features and quality that are supported must address the expectations of the experienced network user. These services include: provisioning for coverage and capacity; network management; billing; network administration; network access; authentication, reliable data transfer (connection-oriented), unreliable data transfer (connectionless or datagram) and transparent inter- and intra-network roaming. The paper describes the service requirements and the services facilities of a wireless data network. An existing mobile data network offering: the Motorola DataT.A.C network is discussed as an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Composite Fouling Characteristics of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate and Amorphous Silica by a Novel Approach Simulating Successive Effects of a Sugar Mill Evaporator (2002)

The composite fouling of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and amorphous silica (SiO2) were investigated in a dynamic system under subcooled flow-boiling and a novel but simple continuous evaporation setup to simulate the operation cycle in latter effects of sugar mill evaporators. Simulated solutions with various COM to SiO2 supersaturation (SS) ratios as well as those of pure COM and SiO2 were tested for comparative studies. The results demonstrated that COM fouling resistances began to rise shortly after the experiment started with the highest extent of fouling exhibited at an initial COM concentration of 50 ppm (initial COM SS ∼ 2.6). The fouling resistance of SiO2 (500 ppm) began to rise at a theoretical silica supersaturation level of 5.3. SiO2 fouling involved the deposition of two silica species, that is, dissolved monomeric silica and colloidal silica particles, with colloidal silica particles being more prevalent at SiO2 supersaturation. In the binary systems, the synergistic effect of COM on composite fouling occurred at an intermediate concentration of COM (50 ppm) whereas antagonism was obtained at either low or high COM concentration (20 or 100 ppm). The observed variations in the extent of composite fouling may be partly attributed both to the changes in the magnitude of interfacial energy barrier between the surface of the particle and the wall and to the physical properties of the fouling species such as particle size. Instrumental analysis (SEM-EDS and XRD) was used to investigate structure and composition of scale. The presence of COM and its cementing effect in the composite scale from [COM] = 50 ppm were confirmed.
Mixed 20-peptide cancer vaccine in combination with docetaxel and dexamethasone for castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomized phase II trial (2020)

A novel cancer vaccine consisting of 20 mixed peptides (KRM-20) was designed to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against twelve different tumor-associated antigens. The aim of this phase II trial was to examine whether KRM-20 in combination with docetaxel and dexamethasone enhances the antitumor effects in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase II study, we enrolled chemotherapy-naïve patients with CRPC from ten medical centers in Japan. Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 centrally to receive either KRM-20 combined with docetaxel and dexamethasone (n = 25) or placebo with docetaxel and dexamethasone (n = 26). The primary endpoint was the difference in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline between each treatment. The rates of > 50% PSA decline in the two arms were similar (56.5% versus 53.8%; P = 0.851). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched peptide-specific immunoglobulin G (P = 0.018) and CTL (P = 0.007) responses in the KRM-20 arm significantly increased after treatment. The addition of KRM-20 did not increase toxicity. There were no between-group differences in progression-free or overall survival (OS). The addition of KRM-20 was safe, and similar PSA decline and HLA-matched peptide-specific CTL and IgG responses increased in combination with docetaxel and dexamethasone in CRPC patients. Subgroup analysis suggested that this treatment is favorable for CRPC patients with ≥ 26% lymphocytes or PSA levels of < 11.2 ng/ml, but further clinical trials comparing OS are required.
Regulation of Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4 Signaling in Human Platelets by Compartmentalized Cyclic (2007)

Thrombin potently regulates human platelets by the G proteincoupled receptors protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4. Platelet activation by thrombin and other agonists is broadly inhibited by prostacyclin and nitric oxide acting through adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases to elevate cAMP and cGMP levels, respectively. Using forskolin and YC-1 [3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-1-benzylindazole] to selectively activate the adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, respectively, and the membrane-permeable analogs N 6 ,2-O-dibutyryladenosine-3-5cAMP (dibutyryl-cAMP) and 8-(4-parachlorophenylthoi)-cGMP (8-pCPT-cGMP), we sought to identify key antiplatelet steps for cyclic nucleotide actions in blocking platelet activation by PAR1 versus PAR4. Platelet aggregation by PAR1 or PAR4 was inhibited with similar EC50 of 1.2 to 2.1 M forskolin, 31 to 33 M YC-1, 57 to 150 M dibutyryl-cAMP, and 220 to 410 M 8-pCPT-cGMP. There was a marked left shift in the inhibitory potencies of forskolin and YC-1 for -granule release and glycoprotein IIbIIIa/integrin IIb3 activation (i.e., EC50 of 1–60 and 40–1300 nM, respectively) that was not observed for dibutyryl-cAMP and 8-pCPT-cGMP (i.e., EC50 of 200–600 and 40– 140 M, respectively). This inhibition was essentially instantaneous, and measurements of cyclic nucleotide levels and kinase activities support a model of compartmentation involving the cyclic nucleotide effectors and regulators and the key molecular targets for this platelet inhibition. The different sensitivities of PAR1 and PAR4 to inhibition of calcium mobilization and dense granule release identify key antiplatelet steps for cyclic nucleotide actions and are consistent with the signaling models for these receptors. Specifically, PAR4 inhibition depends on the regulation of both calcium mobilization and dense granule release, and PAR1 inhibition depends predominantly on the regulation of dense granule release.
Structural Design, Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Activity of Membrane‐Anchored β‐Secretase Inhibitors on Aβ Generation from Wild‐Type and Swedish‐Mutant APP (2010)

Covalent coupling of β-secretase inhibitors to a raftophilic lipid anchor via a suitable spacer by using solid-phase peptide synthesis leads to tripartite structures displaying substantially improved inhibition of cellular secretion of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Herein, we describe a series of novel tripartite structures, their full characterization by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and the analysis of their biological activity in cell-based assays. The tripartite structure concept is applicable to different pharmacophores, and the potency in terms of β-secretase inhibition can be optimized by adjusting the spacer length to achieve an optimal distance of the inhibitor from the lipid bilayer. A tripartite structure containing a transition-state mimic inhibitor was found to be less potent on Aβ generation from Swedish-mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) than from the wild-type protein. Moreover, our observations suggest that specific variants of Aβ are generated from wild-type APP but not from Swedish-mutant APP and are resistant to β-secretase inhibition. Efficient inhibition of Aβ secretion by tripartite structures in the absence of appreciable neurotoxicity was confirmed in a primary neuronal cell culture, thus further supporting the concept.
Effect of number of crowns on the crush resistance in open-cell stent design (2020)

Our group is developing novel preferential covered carotid stents aimed at preventing friable parts from atherosclerotic plaques from dislodging into the cerebral blood flow, and also preserving external carotid artery (ECA) perfusion through slits on the membrane. Enhanced ECA flow rates can be achieved by designing bare metal stents with larger cells that can accommodate more slits for enhanced blood flow to the ECA where the stents have fewer crowns in the circumferential direction. The general perception is that the stent stiffness and thereby the crush resistance will decrease with fewer crowns in the circumferential direction. However, we observed the opposite effect. To study the effect of crown number on crush resistance of stents, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to evaluate the crush resistance of open-cell stent designs by varying the number of crowns. From FEA simulation results, it was found that the crush resistance of the open-cell stent design actually increases with fewer crowns. To verify this effect, three stent designs with different crown numbers were fabricated and subjected to crush resistance experimental testing. The experimental testing further confirmed the effect observed by FEA. Finally, a simplified analytical model was proposed to explain why the crush resistance of stent increases with a reduction in the number of stent crowns. From this study, we can infer that the stent's crush resistance increases with reduction in the number of stent crowns in the circumferential direction.
Feasibility of single‐voxel MRS measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient of water in breast tumors (2009)

We report initial results with single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) using diffusion weighting and localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (LASER) in breast tumors to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCw). This is a quick (30 s) and relatively easy method to implement compared with image-based diffusion measurements, and is insensitive to lipid signal contamination. The ADCw and concentration of total choline containing compounds [tCho] were evaluated for associations with each other and final pathologic diagnosis in 25 subjects. The average (+/- SD) ADCw in benign and malignant lesions was 1.96 +/- 0.47 mm(2)/s and 1.26 +/- 0.29 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, respectively, P< 0.001. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.92. Analysis of the single voxel (SV) ADCw and [tCho] showed significant correlation with a R(2) of 0.56, P< 0.001. Compared with more commonly used image-based methods of measuring water ADC, SV-ADCw is faster, more robust, insensitive to fat, and potentially easier to implement on standard clinical systems.