gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An X-Band Ultra-High Gradient Photoinjector (2021)

High brightness beams appealing for XFELs and UEM essentially imply a high current and a low emittance. To obtain such beams we propose to raise the accelerating voltage in the gun mitigating repealing Coulomb forces. An ultra-high gradient is achieved utilizing a short-pulse technology. We have designed a room temperature X-band 1,5 cell gun that is able to inject 4 MeV, 100 pC bunches with as low as 0.15 mcm normalized transverse emittance. The gun is operated with as high gradients as 400 MV/m and fed by 200 MW, 10 ns RF pulses generated with Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) power extractor. We report results of low RF power tests, laser alignment test results, and successful gun conditioning results carried out at nominal RF power.
In Situ Visualization of the Hydrogen Distribution in an Fe Sheet Under Corrosion Conditions Using Polyaniline (2022)

High-strength steels are known to be susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Even small amounts of hydrogen which enter the high-strength steels under corrosion conditions could cause the hydrogen embrittlement. In order to elucidate the mechanism of hydrogen entry in corrosive environments, and to prevent the corrosion-induced hydrogen embrittlement, the simultaneous analysis of the corrosion behavior and the hydrogen entry is required. Some techniques, such as scanning Kelvin probe force microscope, have been reported for visualizing the hydrogen distribution in metals with a high spatial resolution. However, it is still challenging to visualize the hydrogen distribution of an observation area of several tens of millimeters with high spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, we succeeded the visualization of the distribution of hydrogen entering a pure Fe sheet immersed in a NaCl aqueous solution using a conductive polymer. A pure Fe sheet (99.5 %) was used as a specimen. The Fe sheet was electrically polished in a mixed solution of perchloric acid and acetic acid. The thickness of the Fe sheet was 0.4 mm after the polishing. In order to visualize the hydrogen distribution in the Fe sheet, a polyaniline (PANI) layer was formed on one side of the Fe sheet. It was reported that the PANI layer changes its color owing to the reaction with atomic state hydrogen in Fe sheets. 1 To enhance the sensitivity of the PANI layer to hydrogen, a Ni interfacial layer was formed between the PANI layer and the Fe sheet. The PANI layer was formed on the Ni interfacial layer through electrolytic polymerization at a constant voltage of 1 V in a 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 -0.5 M aniline aqueous solution. On the other side (bare Fe side) of the Fe sheet, an electrode area of 1 cm × 1 cm was prepared using a resin. Only the bare Fe side was immersed in a 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution. In addition to the open-circuit potential measurements, the corrosion behavior was observed in situ using a digital camera during the corrosion test. The PANI layer was exposed to air without contacting the NaCl solution. During the corrosion test, the color of the PANI layer was observed in situ using another digital camera. It was confirmed that the small amount of hydrogen entering the Fe sheet due to corrosion can be visualized using the PANI layer. The distribution of hydrogen that entered the Fe sheet was analyzed based on the color distribution of the PANI layer. The in situ simultaneous observation of the corrosion behavior and the hydrogen entry revealed that the hydrogen entry was promoted on the dissolved area of the Fe sheet in the NaCl solution. Reference H. Kakinuma, S. Ajito, T. Hojo, M. Koyama, E. Akiyama, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2101984 (2022).
Chronic care treatment of obese children and adolescents (2011)

This clinical obesity treatment was safe and effective in reducing BMI SDS independent of baseline adiposity, age (boys), or social class in these young people.
Composition of the bacterial community degrading Phaeocystis mucopolysaccharides in enrichment cultures (2000)

As described recently (Janse et al. 1999; Limnol Oceanogr 44(6):1447-1457), mucopolysaccharides of the marine microalga Phaeocystis can be degraded in enrichment cultures. In this paper we report on the characterization of the microbial community in such enrichments. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles that were obtained during mucopolysaccharide degradation showed a substantial number of sequence types, suggesting the occurrence of multiple bacterial species in the enrichments. Only after the rate of mucopolysaccharide degradation had slowed down to less than 5% of its initial value could a significant change in the relative abundance of certain bacterial species in the enrichments be detected. Therefore, degradation of this complex substrate does not seem to require a succession of bacterial populations. Several mucopolysaccharide-degrading enrichments obtained by inoculation from different sources (colony mucus, the water column and sediments), and grown under either oxic or anoxic conditions, appeared to contain very different microbial communities with only a few overlapping species. Therefore, the selection pressure imposed by mucopolysaccharides as growth substrates is only one of the factors shaping the species composition in the enrichments. Attempts to isolate pure cultures of bacteria capable of mucopolysaccharide degradation using plating and dilution techniques failed. However, following a new approach which couples community analysis (using DGGE) and the physiological capability of the enrichment to degrade mucopolysaccharides, bacteria involved in the degradation process could be identified. This was based on the correlation between inhibition of mucopolysaccharide degradation and absence of certain bands from DGGE profiles when enrichment cultures were incubated at an elevated temperature. Phylogenetic analysis on clones of DNA fragments that were excised from DGGE gels, placed the putative mucopolysaccharide degraders in the and subdivisions of the Proteobacteria, the Cytophaga-Flexibacter cluster, and the Planctomyces and Verrucomicrobiales clade. These findings directly link representatives of these abundant bacterial clusters with the degradation of complex algal polymers in the sea.
Figures S2 &amp; S3 from Breast Cancer Targeting through Inhibition of the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Based Apoptosis Regulator Nrh/BCL2L10 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fig. S2. Time-lapse imaging of dTAT-NDP action on CAL-51 breast cancer cell line Fig. S3. Nrh knock-down is sufficient to impair tumor progression Evaluation of the tumorigenic capacity of MDA-MB-231 Nrh heterozygous cells (231 Nrh +/-), injected into the mammary fat pad of nude mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Scour Damage to Vermont Bridges (2015)

Scour is by far the primary cause of bridge failures in the United States. Regionally, the vulnerability of bridges to flood damage became evident from the damage seen to Vermont bridges in the 2011 Tropical Storm Irene. Successfully mitigating scour-related problems associated with bridges depends on our ability to reliably estimate scour potential, design effective scour prevention and countermeasures, design safe and economical foundation elements accounting for scour potential, and design reliable and economically feasible monitoring systems. This report presents research on two particular aspects related to bridge scour – 1) System-level analysis of damage observed at Vermont bridges from Tropical Storm Irene. Example case studies are presented including description of the bridge damage, as well as the pre-storm condition of the bridges. Statistical comparison to non-damaged bridges is included to identify significant factors that determine bridge vulnerability to storm damage; and 2)Development of a low-cost scour sensor suitable for monitoring scour and redeposition continuously and communicating the readings wirelessly in real time to stake holders.
Testbed for Simulations of the Effect of Vehicle Ad-Hoc Network on Traffic Flow: An Approach based on Three-Phase Traffic Theory (2010)

Applications of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication (called V2X communication) for “cooperative driving” in vehicular traffic are numerically studied. To make simulations adequate with real measured traffic data, a testbed based on a microscopic model in the framework of three-phase traffic theory is developed. In the testbed, vehicle motion in a traffic network and analyses of V2X communication are integrated into a three-phase traffic flow model. The testbed allows us to simulate cooperative driving behavior and its effect on various traffic phenomena during simulation times, which can be comparable with real characteristic times in traffic flow. Examples of the traffic phenomena discussed in the presentation are traffic breakdown at bottlenecks, moving jam emergence and the effect of danger warning massages about the breakdown vehicle on traffic flow.
AIDS lymphomas: beginning of an EPOCH? (2003)

Highly aggressive lymphomas emerge in the setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. Prior to effective treatment for HIV, AIDS-related lymphomas (ARLs) were extremely difficult to effectively treat because of poor tolerance of
Unmixing for detection and quantification of adjacency effects (2012)

The adjacency effect is a well-known phenomenon of creating path interferences between the reflectances from different ground-cover materials. The effect is caused by atmospheric scattering, hence a typical approach to its detection has been the modeling of radiation transfer and spectral correspondence at particular wavelengths. In this paper, we investigate the detection of adjacency effect as being a general unmixing problem. This means that we opt to use unmixing to separate the true signature of a pixel from the background scatter reflected from its large neighborhood. Here, we concentrate on the prevalent linear mixing, and compare this with a specialized approach for detecting the adjacency effect in turbid waters surrounded by vegetation.
Amphiphilic carbene complexes: both electrophiles and nucleophiles attack the carbene carbon of C5H5(CO)2Re:CHR (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmphiphilic carbene complexes: both electrophiles and nucleophiles attack the carbene carbon of C5H5(CO)2Re:CHRCharles P. Casey, Paul C. Vosejpka, and Fredric R. AskhamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9, 3713–3715Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00165a096https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00165a096research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High Frequency of CD8 Positive Lymphocyte Infiltration Correlates with Lack of Lymph Node Involvement in Early Rectal Cancer (2014)

Our data indicate that in early rectal cancers absence of CD8+ T-cell infiltration helps in predicting patients' nodal involvement.
Modulation of metallothionein isoforms is associated with collagen deposition in proliferating keloid fibroblasts <i>in vitro</i> (2010)

The keloid fibroblast (KF) is known to have higher proliferative capacity than normal dermal fibroblast (NF). Metallothionein (MT), a metal-binding protein, has been reported to promote cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated the expression of MT isoforms at the mRNA level in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-stimulated proliferating KF. Although the morphological appearance of NF and KF was similar when viewed under light, confocal and transmission electron microscopy, there was surprisingly a generally lower expression of MT isoforms in KF when compared with NF and also reduced MT staining in dermal fibroblasts of keloids as opposed to normal skin. Primary cultures of KF grown in 5% FBS or 10% FBS compared to without FBS demonstrated significantly higher proliferative activity and more abundant deposition of collagen. Contrary to expectation, MT-1A, -1F, -1G, -1X and -2A isoforms were significantly down-regulated in proliferating KF. Moreover, stimulating KF with TGF β1, which is known to promote collagen synthesis and keloid formation, increased expression of Collagen 1A and 3A genes accompanied by reduction in MT-2A gene expression. Furthermore, down-regulation of the MT-2A gene in proliferating KF by siRNA-mediated silencing enhanced cell proliferation with concomitant up-regulation of the NF-κB gene and 10 of 13 other NF-κB pathway-related genes analysed but no alteration of the Collagen 1 and Collagen 3 gene expression. It would appear that down-regulation of MT isoforms in proliferating KF, in particular MT-2A, enhances keloidogenesis with the possible involvement of the NF-κB signalling pathway.
PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER ACROSS LIPID BILAYERS CONTAINING MAGNESIUM OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN (1989)

Both photoinitiated (thermodynamically downhill) and photodriven (thermodynamically uphill) electron transfer reactions across lipid bilayers are sensitized by magnesium octaethyl porphyrin (MgOEP). It is shown that the reaction mechanism is via reduction of photoexcited MgOEP at the reducing (ascorbate) side of the bilayer and the charge carrier is likely the neutral protonated MgOEP anion. The MgOEP cation (or its neutral form) does not contribute to charge passage across the bilayer even though it is readily formed at the acceptor (ferricyanide or methyl viologen) side of the membrane. Photoelectric measurements on planar bilayers show that the time constant for reduction of excited MgOEP is about 10 microseconds with 10 mM ascorbate. The membrane transport of the mediator appears to be rate limiting when the reaction is photoinitiated and the interfacial reaction appears to be limiting when the reaction is photodriven. The quantum yield of the process is about 0.1 in the latter case and about 0.02 in the former. The former yield is increased to about 0.15 in the presence of a redox mediator, duroquinone. In these systems, the magnesium porphyrin is both sensitizer and trans membrane redox mediator.
Influence of intergrain interactions and thermal agitation on microwave-assisted magnetization switching behavior of granular magnetic film (2017)

Microwave-assisted magnetization switching (MAS) in a granular magnetic film is examined by computer simulation. Contrary to the macrospin calculation and the experiments on single magnetic dots reported so far, in which the switching field linearly decreases with increasing rf frequency and then sharply increases at the critical frequency, the granular film exhibits considerably broad MAS behavior against the rf frequency. This broad MAS behavior is mainly caused by the dispersion of magnetic properties and thermal agitation. On the other hand, intergrain dipolar and exchange interactions enhance the MAS effect in the granular film and suppress the MAS broadening.
Experimental study on statistical characteristic of MIMO sensor for event detection (2013)

Recently, researches on radio wave security sensors by using array antenna or MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple Output) system have been attracting attention. These sensors utilize the property that MIMO channel matrix is sensitive to the propagation environment change in indoor multipath environment. Now the property is used for event detection, such as intrusion, by calculating correlation of MIMO channel matrices. Fundamental study has been performed, however, statistical property, or quantitative detection performance analysis, of the sensor was still remain to be clarified. So, our objective is to derive a probability density function (PDF) of the correlation coefficient and to demonstrate them experimentally. The PDF is a key function to derive detection rate and so on. In the conventional MIMO sensor, correlation coefficient of the channel matrix between with and without an event is used as a measure of events. Therefore, in this report we will derive the PDF of the channel correlation used in the conventional MIMO sensor theoretically and also show the validity by experimental results.
Bacterial Heme-Based Sensors of Nitric Oxide (2017)

The molecular mechanisms of NO regulation in many bacteria remain to be established. Future studies are required to gain knowledge about the mechanism of NosP signaling. Advancements on structural and molecular understanding of heme-based sensors in bacteria could lead to strategies to alleviate or control bacterial biofilm formation or persistent biofilm-related infections.
Supplementary figures legend from Disruption of IFN-I Signaling Promotes HER2/Neu Tumor Progression and Breast Cancer Stem Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends of supplementary figures&lt;/p&gt;
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Comparative effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma injections for treating knee joint cartilage degenerative pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2013)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Comparative effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma injections for treating knee joint cartilage degenerative pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Identification of the interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase as a regulator of cellular response to bulky adducts. (2000)

The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR plays a central role in IFN-mediated antiviral response. The ability of PKR mutants to transform rodent fibroblasts led to the hypothesis that PKR acts as a tumor suppressor. Recent studies have identified an expanding network of PKR signaling partners, including signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), p53, and IkappaB-kinase. Here we demonstrate that PKR is involved in the cellular response to genotoxic stress. PKR-deficient mouse-embryonic fibroblasts (PKR-/-) are hypersensitive to bulky adduct DNA damage caused by cisplatin, melphalan, and UV radiation but not to other DNA-damaging agents such as Adriamycin. PKR-deficient cells are highly susceptible to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. They demonstrate retarded cisplatin adduct removal kinetics. Most strikingly, PKR localizes to the nucleus rapidly upon cisplatin treatment. Restoration of PKR in PKR-/- cells results in resistance to cisplatin and enhanced cell capacity to remove cisplatin DNA adducts. We conclude that PKR has a function in the regulation of cellular response to bulky adduct-inducing agents, possibly by modulating DNA repair mechanisms.
Analysis of an EST library from the dinoflagellate (<i>Symbiodinium</i> sp.) symbiont of reef‐building corals<sup>1</sup> (2007)

Dinoflagellates ( Symbiodinium sp. Freud.) are an obligatory endosymbiont of the reef‐building corals. Recent changes to the environment surrounding coral reefs (e.g., global warming) have demonstrated that this endosymbiotic relationship between corals and Symbiodinium is particularly sensitive to environmental changes. Therefore, understanding gene expression patterns of Symbiodinium is critical to understanding why coral reefs are susceptible to global climate change. This study identified 1456 unique expression sequence tags (ESTs) generated for Symbiodinium (clade C3) from the staghorn coral Acropora aspera following exposure to a variety of stresses. Of these, only 10% matched previously reported dinoflagellate ESTs, suggesting that the conditions used in the construction of the library resulted in a novel transcriptome. The function of 561 (44%) of these ESTs could be identified. The majority of these genes coded for proteins involved in posttranslational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones (12.3%); energy production and conversion (12%); or an unknown function (18.6%). The most common transcript found was a homologue to a bacterial protein of unknown function. This algal protein is targeted to the chloroplast and is present in those phototrophs that acquired plastids from the red algal lineage. An additional 48 prokaryote‐like proteins were also identified, including the first glycerol‐phosphate:phosphate antiporter from dinoflagellates. A protein with similarity to the fungi–archael–bacterial heme catalase peroxidases was also found. A variety of stress genes, in particular heat‐shock proteins and proteins involved in ubiquitin cascades, were also identified. This study is the first transcriptome from the unicellular component of a eukaryote–eukaryote symbiosis.
Effect of CaSO<sub>4</sub> on the Strength Development of Sorbents in CFBC Boilers Firing High-Sulfur Fuels (2003)

Agglomeration due to the sulfation process itself occurs in CFBC boilers firing high-sulfur fuels such as petroleum coke. This study examines the effect of CaSO4, the effect of limestone reactivity, and the potential effect of reactivation on strength development in such deposits. A very unreactive crystalline limestone showed a lower sulfation level over longer times (days to weeks), but the extent of sulfation did not correlate to strength development. This work also shows that CaSO4 by itself cannot produce significant strength development in the ash samples. Finally, reactivation by hydration did not contribute to strength development under the conditions of this study.
Multiple-signal duplicate detection for search evaluation (2007)

We consider the problem of duplicate document detection for search evaluation. Given a query and a small number of web results for that query, we show how to detect duplicate web documents with precision ~0.91 and recall ~77. In contrast, Charikar's algorithm, designed for duplicate detection in an indexing pipeline, achieves precision ~0.91 but with a recall of ~0.58. Our improvement in recall while maintaining high precision comes from combining three ideas. First, because we are only concerned with duplicate detection among results for the same query, the number of pairwise comparisons is small. Therefore we can afford to compute multiple pairwise signals for each pair of documents. A model learned with standard machine-learning techniques improves recall to ~0.68 with precision ~0.90. Second, most duplicate detection has focused on text analysis of the HTML contents of a document. In some web pages the HTML is not a good indicator of the final contents of the page. We use extended fetching techniques to fill in frames and execute Java script. Including signals based on our richer fetches further improves the recall to ~0.75 and the precision to ~0.91. Finally, we also explore using signals based on the query. Comparing contextual snippets based on the richer fetches improves the recall to ~0.77. We show that the overall accuracy of this final model approaches that of human judges.