gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extremely high internal quantum efficiency of AlGaN-based quantum wells on face-to-face annealed sputter-deposited AlN templates (2021)

Abstract This study investigated the influence of high-quality AlN templates on the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of AlGaN-based multiple quantum wells (MQWs) using photoluminescence spectroscopy. An extremely high IQE of 90% at room temperature was obtained from MQWs on face-to-face annealed sputter-deposited AlN/sapphire templates. The dependence of efficiency curves on temperature indicated that nonradiative recombination centers were almost fully saturated under higher excitation power densities even at 400 K. Moreover, analysis of the efficiency curves using a rate equation model based on exciton recombination processes suggested that radiative recombination was the dominant recombination process even at 400 K.
Using GPS radio occultations to infer the water vapor feedback (2016)

Abstract The air refractive index at L ‐band frequencies depends on the air's water vapor content and density. Exploiting this relationship, we derive for the first time a theoretical model to infer the specific humidity response to surface temperature variations, d q /d T s , given knowledge of how the air refractive index and temperature vary with surface temperature. We validate this model by using 1.2–1.6 GHz Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS RO) observations from 2007 to 2010 at 250 hPa, where the water vapor feedback on surface warming is strongest. The d q /d T s estimation from GPS RO observations shows excellent agreement with previously published results and the responses estimated by using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and the NASA's Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications data sets. Because of their high sensitivity to fractional changes in water vapor, current and future GPS RO observations show great promise in monitoring climate feedback and their trends.
797 Survival after Biopsy or Resection of Supratentorial Lobar Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Population-based Study (2004)

INTRODUCTION: The importance of resection rather than biopsy as a predictor of survival in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been controversial. We studied this question using population-based methods. METHODS: The data source was the SEER Public-Use database (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD), 1988–2000. Survival analysis used multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression. Results were validated against the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD) and by using a propensity score model to compensate for selection bias. RESULTS: There were 11,219 GBM patients in the database. Only patients with supratentorial, lobar tumors (frontal/temporal/ parietal/occipital), not in overlapping or deep regions, and not crossing the midline or tentorial notch were included. Patients without histological confirmation or without active follow-up were excluded, as were those in whom surgery was contraindicated because of other conditions. Biopsied patients more commonly failed to undergo radiation after diagnosis, so only patients who had postoperative radiation were included in the survival analysis. The final analysis included 2496 patients (2143 deaths) and accounted for patient age, sex, and race, tumor location, size, histology (giant cell or gliosarcoma variants), and marital status. Statistically significant prognostic factors included age, tumor size, and marital status. In a full multivariate model, the risk of death for biopsied patients was 1.6 times that of resected patients (95% CI, 1.4–1.8; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed similar values for the hazard ratio in patient groups defined by age, tumor site, and size, although the actual difference in median survival between biopsied and resected patients varied with some factors (especially age). CONCLUSION: This large, multivariate, population-based study confirmed the value of resection rather than biopsy as a prognostic factor for survival in glioblastoma. Patient- and tumor-related factors such as age and tumor size had little interaction with the difference in survival after resection in this cohort.
Inverted CdSe–ZnS quantum dots light-emitting diode using low-work function organic material polyethylenimine ethoxylated (2013)

Inverted quantum dot based light-emitting diodes (QDLED) were simply fabricated by an all solution processing. Polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) was used as a surface modifier in the device, to reduce the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode work function below 3.08 eV. Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, CdSe–ZnS QDs with an 8 nm size were uniformly distributed to form a monolayer on a PEIE/ITO glass substrate. In this inverted QDLED, hybrid polymers [poly(N-vinylcarbazole) + poly(N,N′-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine were adopted as a hole transporting layer (HTL) to enhance the hole transport property. At a low-operating voltage of 3 V, the device was turned on and emitted a spectrally red color light with a maximum luminance of 2900 cd m−2 and a current efficacy of 0.35 cd A−1.
Molecular Reconstruction of Extinct LINE-1 Elements and Their Interaction with Nonautonomous Elements (2012)

Non-long terminal repeat retroelements continue to impact the human genome through cis-activity of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) and trans-mobilization of Alu. Current activity is dominated by modern subfamilies of these elements, leaving behind an evolutionary graveyard of extinct Alu and L1 subfamilies. Because Alu is a nonautonomous element that relies on L1 to retrotranspose, there is the possibility that competition between these elements has driven selection and antagonistic coevolution between Alu and L1. Through analysis of synonymous versus nonsynonymous codon evolution across L1 subfamilies, we find that the C-terminal ORF2 cys domain experienced a dramatic increase in amino acid substitution rate in the transition from L1PA5 to L1PA4 subfamilies. This observation coincides with the previously reported rapid evolution of ORF1 during the same transition period. Ancestral Alu sequences have been previously reconstructed, as their short size and ubiquity have made it relatively easy to retrieve consensus sequences from the human genome. In contrast, creating constructs of extinct L1 copies is a more laborious task. Here, we report our efforts to recreate and evaluate the retrotransposition capabilities of two ancestral L1 elements, L1PA4 and L1PA8 that were active ~18 and ~40 Ma, respectively. Relative to the modern L1PA1 subfamily, we find that both elements are similarly active in a cell culture retrotransposition assay in HeLa, and both are able to efficiently trans-mobilize Alu elements from several subfamilies. Although we observe some variation in Alu subfamily retrotransposition efficiency, any coevolution that may have occurred between LINEs and SINEs is not evident from these data. Population dynamics and stochastic variation in the number of active source elements likely play an important role in individual LINE or SINE subfamily amplification. If coevolution also contributes to changing retrotransposition rates and the progression of subfamilies, cell factors are likely to play an important mediating role in changing LINE-SINE interactions over evolutionary time.
Peptide transport across the animal cell plasma membrane: recent developments. (1992)

Transfer of intact peptides across the plasma membrane of animal cells, especially in the small intestine and the kidney, is a well established phenomenon. This process plays an important role in the maintenance of protein nutrition. Evidence is accumulating which suggests that the process may also have a great potential for pharmacological and clinical applications. It is therefore important to understand various aspects of peptide transport such as its function, chemical nature of the transport protein and its gene, the operational mechanisms and their regulation, and the relevance of the transport system to health and disease. Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in the field. The driving force for the transport system has been identified as the proton motive force which makes the system unique and distinct from the majority of solute transport systems in animal cells which are driven by a sodium motive force. A great deal is now known on the chemical nature of the active site. The protein responsible for the transport process in the small intestine has been purified and characterized. The system has been successfully expressed in its functional form in Xenopus laevis oocytes by microinjection into the oocytes of poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from intestinal mucosal cells. There is no doubt that the coming years will bring even more exciting information on the transport system, especially in areas such as hormonal regulation, clinical applicability and cloning, and characterization of the gene encoding the transport system.
COLBAC: Shifting Cybersecurity from Hierarchical to Horizontal Designs (2021)

Cybersecurity suffers from an oversaturation of centralized, hierarchical systems and a lack of exploration in the area of horizontal security, or security techniques and technologies which utilize democratic participation for security decision-making. Because of this, many horizontally governed organizations such as activist groups, worker cooperatives, trade unions, not-for-profit associations, and others are not represented in current cybersecurity solutions, and are forced to adopt hierarchical solutions to cybersecurity problems. This causes power dynamic mismatches that lead to cybersecurity and organizational operations failures. In this work we introduce COLBAC, a collective based access control system aimed at addressing this lack. COLBAC uses democratically authorized capability tokens to express access control policies. It allows for a flexible and dynamic degree of horizontality to meet the needs of different horizontally governed organizations. After introducing COLBAC, we finish with a discussion on future work needed to realize more horizontal security techniques, tools, and technologies.
Advanced SOI CMOS technology for RF applications (2002)

Thin film fully depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology, devices and circuits for RF applications are presented. These submicron MOSFET transistors can achieve a maximum oscillation frequency of 30 GHz for a 1 V power supply. This kind of performance and the advantages of the SOI transistors fit the needs for low-voltage low-power RF applications. To demonstrate the capabilities of this technology we present a single stage OTA with a f/sub T/ of 1.1 GHz and /spl phi//sub M/ of 30/spl deg/, and two CMOS mixers with exceptional linearity results.
Setting the Bar in Phase II Trials: The Use of Historical Data for Determining “Go/No Go” Decision for Definitive Phase III Testing (2007)

Many phase II trials require historical data to determine null response rates. Simple guidelines may improve design and reporting of such trials.
Designing Head-Up Displays (HUDs) to Support Flight Path Guidance While Minimizing Effects of Cognitive Tunneling (2000)

This study investigates the effects of varying the conformality of the flight path HUD symbology on flight path tracking and cognitive tunneling. Partially conformal and conformal symbology sets were created for the approach/landing (air-based) and taxi (ground-based) phases of flight. The partially conformal approach symbology was a flight director consisting of crosshairs and transitioned into the taxi symbology, which was a plan-view of the runway and taxiway. The conformal approach symbology was a tunnel-in-the-sky followed by runway symbology, which was scene-linked, conformal runway pylons. Twenty pilots flew 25 approaches with each symbology set. The conformal, tunnel-in-the-sky symbology was more effective in supporting the pilots in navigating complex curved approaches than the partially conformal flight director. In addition, flying with the tunnel-in-the-sky also lead to better performance on secondary target detection tasks. On the ground, the conformal symbology set supported landing and taxi navigation tasks with approximately equal efficiency and precision as the partially conformal plan-view symbology. To investigate cognitive tunneling, pilots were introduced to three separate and unanticipated events. Pilots had extremely slow response times to all three events using both the conformal sets. However, trends indicated that when differences existed between the two symbology sets it was the tunnel that lead to suboptimal performance. Analyses revealed that pilots had little need to reference the outside environment to obtain precise flying with the tunnel-in-the-sky symbology and therefore were less likely to detect unexpected events. However, the scene-linked conformal symbology (ground) set supported the scan between the symbology and the environment and led to a trend of faster response times to the unexpected taxiway traffic. Though both symbology sets are considered conformal only the scene-linked symbology set is truly conformal since it has a far-domain counterpart to bind the instrumentation to the scene. We postulate the notion that only truly conformal symbology can combat the effects of cognitive tunneling.
[P2–033]: SUVN‐502 + DONEPEZIL + MEMANTINE (TRIPLE COMBINATION) REPRESENTS A PROMISING NEW APPROACH FOR SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE (2017)

SUVN-502 is a pure 5-HT6 receptor antagonist. It has good ADME properties and demonstrated robust efficacy in preclinical studies. SUVN-502 has excellent margin of safety in long-term preclinical toxicity studies. In healthy human subjects, SUVN-502 was well tolerated following single or multiple oral administrations. There were no clinically relevant or serious adverse events. SUVN-502 is being evaluated in a phase 2, proof of concept, 26 week, double blind, multicenter, randomized, parallel group, placebo controlled study. This study is regulated by US FDA. A total of 537 subjects with moderate Alzheimer's disease receiving stable doses of Donepezil and Memantine are being recruited. Subjects will receive placebo or SUVN-502 (low or high dose) on top of donepezil and memantine for 26 weeks Rationale for phase 2 study: The effect of SUVN-502 + Donepezil + Memantine combination was evaluated for procognitive property (object recognition task), acetylcholine modulation (microdialysis) and theta modulation (electrophysiology). Co-treatment of SUVN-502 with donepezil and memantine significantly potentiated the procognitive effects when compared with memantine and donepezil treatment group in the object recognition task. These effects were seen even after repeated treatment for 14 days. SUVN-502 potentiated the effects of donepezil and memantine combination, in hippocampal acetylcholine levels and brain oscillatory activity. There were no significant changes in the exposures of SUVN-502 or donepezil or memantine. SUVN-502 + Donepezil + Memantine (Triple combination) represents a promising new approach for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Organische (nieuwe) meststoffen, (gewenste) samenstelling en werking (2013)

De mest- en mineralenwetgeving is en wordt verder aangescherpt. Telers moeten daardoor het aanbod van meststoffen steeds scherper afstemmen op de gewasbehoefte. Bij gebruik van kunstmest is dat makkelijker dan bij gebruik van organische mestsoorten en composten. Deze beweging veroorzaakt dus een tendens naar verminderd gebruik van organische meststoffen. Dat is om diverse redenen een zorgelijke ontwikkeling, o.a. door een lagere organische stofaanvoer. Door beter gebruik te maken van de aanwezige kennis, kan de onzekerheid over de werking van de meststoffen voor een deel weggenomen worden en kunnen ook betere keuzes gemaakt worden in de organische meststoffen die goed bij gewas en bedrijf passen. Daardoor kan het gebruik van organische meststoffen bevorderd worden en kan de mineralenbenutting uit die meststoffen verhoogd worden.
Macro Risks and the Term Structure of Interest Rates (2016)

We extract aggregate supply and aggregate demand shocks for the US economy from macroeconomic data on inflation, real GDP growth, core inflation and the unemployment gap. We first use unconditional non-Gaussian features in the data to achieve identification of these structural shocks while imposing minimal economic assumptions. We find that recessions in the 1970s and 1980s are better characterized as driven by supply shocks while later recessions were driven primarily by demand shocks. The Great Recession exhibited large negative shocks to both demand and supply. We then use conditional (time-varying) non-Gaussian features of the structural shocks to estimate "macro risk factors" for supply and demand shocks that drive "bad" (negatively skewed) and "good" (positively skewed) variation for supply and demand shocks. The Great Moderation, a general decline in the volatility of many macroeconomic time series since the 1980s, is mostly accounted for by a reduction in the good demand variance risk factor. In contrast, the risk factors driving bad variance for both supply and demand shocks, which account for most recessions, show no secular decline. Finally, we find that macro risks significantly contribute to the variation in yields, bond risk premiums and the term premium. While overall bond risk premiums are counter-cyclical, an increase in bad demand variance is associated with lower risk premiums on bonds.
Regioselective, Asymmetric Formal Hydroamination of Unactivated Internal Alkenes (2015)

Abstract We report the regioselective and enantioselective formal hydroamination of unsymmetrical internal alkenes catalyzed by a copper catalyst ligated by DTBM‐SEGPHOS. The regioselectivity of the reaction is controlled by the electronic effects of ether, ester, and sulfonamide groups in the homoallylic position. The observed selectivity underscores the influence of inductive effects of remote substituents on the selectivity of catalytic processes occurring at hydrocarbyl groups, and the method provides direct access to various 1,3‐aminoalcohol derivatives with high enantioselectivity.
A Gender-Related Difference in the Contribution of the Knee Musculature to Sagittal-Plane Shear Stiffness in Subjects with Similar Knee Laxity (2002)

Maximal muscular protection of the anterior cruciate ligament in women may be less than that in men. This may be one factor explaining why more women than men are apt to sustain injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament.
Cobalt Oxide Nanograins and Silver Nanoparticles Decorated Fibrous Polyaniline Nanocomposite as Battery-Type Electrode for High Performance Supercapattery (2020)

In this study, silver (Ag) and cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) decorated polyaniline (PANI) fibers were prepared by the combination of in-situ aniline oxidative polymerization and the hydrothermal methodology. The morphology of the prepared Ag/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANI ternary nanocomposite was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the structural studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphological characterization revealed fibrous shaped PANI, coated with Ag and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanograins, while the structural studies revealed high purity, good crystallinity, and slight interactions among the constituents of the Ag/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANI ternary nanocomposite. The electrochemical performance studies revealed the enhanced performance of the Ag/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANI nanocomposite due to the synergistic/additional effect of Ag, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and PANI compared to pure PANI and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANI. The addition of the Ag and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> provided an extended site for faradaic reactions leading to the high specific capacity. The Ag/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANI ternary nanocomposite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 262.62 C g<sup>-1</sup> at a scan rate of 3 mV s<sup>-1</sup>. The maximum energy and power density were found to be 14.01 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> and 165.00 W kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The cyclic stability of supercapattery (Ag/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANI//activated carbon) consisting of a battery type electrode demonstrated a gradual increase in specific capacity with a continuous charge-discharge cycle until ~1000 cycles, then remained stable until 2500 cycles and later started decreasing, thereby showing the cyclic stability of 121.03% of its initial value after 3500 cycles.
The Impact of Immune Responses on the Asexual Erythrocytic Stages of Plasmodium and the Implication for Vaccine Development (2012)

Natural immunity against malaria is acquired after repeated infections for an extended period of time resulting in a state of immunological non-responsiveness against the malaria parasite. This state ultimately prevents the onset of severe disease such as cerebral malaria thereby reducing the risk of death from malaria. Individuals with acquired natural immunity to malaria still harbor parasites (albeit in low densities) in the blood, and therefore natural immunity against malaria is not sterile. For this reason, natural immunity to malaria cannot be compared to immunity achieved against other diseases where the immune response neutralizes and eliminates the pathogen. The second hallmark of natural immunity to malaria is that protection wanes once a "protected" individual leaves the malaria-endemic area indicating that protection depends on continued antigen exposure. Immunity to malaria is stage-and species-specific and distinct immune mechanisms confer protection against the different developmental stages of the parasite. In the case of blood stage infection, passive transfer experiments with purified human immunoglobulins derived from immune individuals living in malaria-endemic areas have demonstrated that antibodies can mediate protection Mechanistic studies revealed that the effect of blood stage-specific antibodies on the asexual erythrocytic parasite depends on their antigen-specificity; antibodies can bind to merozoites, opsonize and target them towards phagocytic cells of the host Once infected, antibodies against asexual blood stage antigens such as Pf332 or MSP-1 inhibit the intra-erythrocytic development of Plasmodium falciparum (Ahlborg et al., 1996; Antibodies directed to antigens expressed by sexual erythrocytic stages (gametocytes) have been shown to prevent transmission of malaria by blocking either the infection of the mosquito or the development in the mosquito As will be outlined in this chapter, it becomes increasingly clear that a blood stage vaccine may never be able to induce sterile protection, but can prevent mortality. Why bother developing blood stage vaccines? Extensive studies characterizing www.intechopen.
SOC test-architecture optimization for the testing of embedded cores and signal-integrity faults on core-external interconnects (2009)

The test time for core-external interconnect shorts and opens is typically much less than that for core-internal logic. Therefore, prior work on test-infrastructure design for core-based system-on-a-chip (SOC) has mainly focused on minimizing the test time for core-internal logic. However, as feature sizes shrink for newer process technologies, the test time for signal integrity (SI) faults on interconnects cannot be neglected. The test time for SI faults can be comparable to, or even larger than, the test time for the embedded cores. We investigate the impact of interconnect SI tests on SOC test-architecture design and optimization. A compaction method for SI faults and algorithms for test-architecture optimization are also presented. Experimental results for the ITC'02 benchmarks show that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the overall testing time for core-internal logic and core-external interconnects.