gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C MRI: A novel approach for probing cerebral metabolism in health and neurological disease (2020)

Cerebral metabolism is tightly regulated and fundamental for healthy neurological function. There is increasing evidence that alterations in this metabolism may be a precursor and early biomarker of later stage disease processes. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-MRS) is a powerful tool to non-invasively assess tissue metabolites and has many applications for studying the normal and diseased brain. However, the technique has limitations including low spatial and temporal resolution, difficulties in discriminating overlapping peaks, and challenges in assessing metabolic flux rather than steady-state concentrations. Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging is an emerging clinical technique that may overcome some of these spatial and temporal limitations, providing novel insights into neurometabolism in both health and in pathological processes such as glioma, stroke and multiple sclerosis. This review will explore the growing body of pre-clinical data that demonstrates a potential role for the technique in assessing metabolism in the central nervous system. There are now a number of clinical studies being undertaken in this area and this review will present the emerging clinical data as well as the potential future applications of hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C magnetic resonance imaging in the brain, in both clinical and pre-clinical studies.
Running Stability Visualization with Dynamic Simulator for Robot Teleoperation (2018)

This paper proposes a method to visualize running stability of robots in its surrounding terrain. The stability should be evaluated by taking account of the physical interaction between a robot and terrain. In this study, the dynamics of the robot behavior in the terrain is calculated in advance with a dynamic simulator, and the stability is assessed by our proposed criterion that can evaluate the tumble risk in a term. The calculated stability is visualized to the teleoperation operator, and therefore, a safe path can be chosen to move. In experiments, the validity of the proposed method was performed by testing additionally in an actual environment after the simulation.
Dependence of resist profile on exposed area ratio (2001)

We investigated resist profile dependence on Exposed Area Ratio (EAR). Using high activation type chemically amplified positive resist, profile changed from T-top to rounded profile with increasing EAR. We thought that this profile change was caused by acid evaporation and re- sticking. To estimate the effect of re-sticking acid, we performed resist sandwich tests. We measured resist thickness loss after PEB and observed resist profile change caused by re-sticking acid. The results thereby obtained suggest the model we propose. To reduce acid evaporation and re-sticking, we tried to use an overcoat layer. The overcoat layer was found to reduce acid evaporation and be useful for reducing resist profile dependence on EAR.
A linkage analysis of the Gm locus and multiple sclerosis (1985)

We conducted linkage analyses of immunoglobulin G heavy chain marker (Gm) phenotypes and multiple sclerosis (MS) in 30 families, each having at least two first-degree relatives with definite/probable MS. These families yielded positive evidence for linkage to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in previous analyses. In the present analysis, however, the results for Gm were negative. Most lod scores were negative, particularly at the smaller recombination values (theta). We explored the possibility of heterogeneity by subgrouping our data on the basis of specific HLA types (A3, B7) and Gm types (Gm1, Gm1,2) within the pedigrees. The results were again negative with no substantial differences in estimates of theta between subgroups.
Healthcare-Associated Transmission of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> in New York City (2015)

A patient with no risk factors for malaria was hospitalized in New York City with Plasmodium falciparum infection. After investigating all potential sources of infection, we concluded the patient had been exposed to malaria while hospitalized less than 3 weeks earlier. Molecular genotyping implicated patient-to-patient transmission in a hospital setting. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;37(1):113-115.
Total Enantiotopic Discrimination between Carbon Atoms of a Double Bond in the Reaction of Diolates with <i>meso</i>‐Bis(phenylsulfonyl)alkenes—Synthesis of Enantiopure Ketones (1997)

Desymmetrization of bis(phenylsulfonyl)alkenes 1 provides the desired enantiomer of polycyclic ketones rapidly, in high yields, and enantiopure (see below); 1 is also readily available in multigram quantities.
Model-based ECG fiducial points extraction using a modified extended Kalman filter structure (2008)

This paper presents an efficient algorithm based on a nonlinear dynamical model for the precise extraction of the characteristic points of electrocardiogram (ECG), which facilitates the HRV analysis. Determining the precise position of the waveforms of an ECG signal is complicated due to the varying amplitudes of its waveforms, the ambiguous and changing form of the complex and morphological variations with unknown sources of drift. A model-based approach handles these complications; therefore a method based on the usage of this concept in an extended Kalman filter structure has been developed. The fiducial points are detected using both the parameters of Gaussian-functions of the model, and the state variable estimates. Several MIT-BIH ECG records are used for performance evaluation. Results show that the proposed method has an average sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99.93%. Simulation results illustrate that the method can contribute to and enhance the clinical ECG points extractions performance and exact tachogram representation.
Building Telepresence Systems: Translating Science Fiction Ideas into Reality (1997)

Many people feel that at some time in the distant future it will be possible to see and interact with remote individuals so realistically that they will appear to be standing next to us, that it will also be possible for physicians to look inside their patients and see organs and tumors, as if they possessed Superman’s X‐ray vision. Although we are far from the realization of such dreams, we are witnessing some encouraging progress toward them. For example, we understand that two aspects common to these systems are a) the acquisition and synthesis of complex 3D information (whether from cameras at a distant scene or medical imaging devices inside a patient), and b) reconstruction and presentation of the 3D information to the observer (whether a distant collaborator or a nearby physician). Early results from several institutions are encouraging. It is now possible to walk around distant scenes, although the visual data still needs to be preprocessed, the scene still needs to be static and the reconstruction still has gaps. It is possible to look inside patients, although with crude ultrasound imaging and with very limited visualization, or not naturally from the physician’s own point of view. It is not yet possible to view any of this kind of information with high degree of immersive 3D realism without wearing cumbersome visualization aids. Truly compelling realization of these long‐held dreams will take careful analysis of the remaining problems, creative thinking about new approaches, and innovative and sustained development of the required acquisition and display technologies.
SND electromagnetic calorimeter time measurement and its applications (2020)

The SND is a non-magnetic detector deployed at the VEPP-2000 e^+e^− collider (BINP, Novosibirsk) for hadronic cross-section measurements in the center of mass energy region below 2 GeV. The important part of the detector is a three-layer hodoscopic electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) based on NaI(Tl) counters. Until the recent EMC spectrometric channel upgrade, only the energy deposition measurement in counters was possible. A new EMC signal shaping and digitizing electronics based on FADC allows us to obtain also the event time structure. The new electronics and supporting software, including digital signal processing algorithms, are used for data taking in the ongoing experiment. We discuss the amplitude and time extraction algorithms, the new system performance on experimental events and physical analysis applications.
Front Cover: [Pt(SCN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2–</sup>‐Based Coordination Polymers and Supramolecular Squares: Intermolecular Pt···H–C Interactions Probed by Luminescence Spectroscopy at Variable Pressure (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 22/2017) (2017)

The cover picture shows the chain structure of a Pt(SCN)42–-based coordination polymer and the shift from yellow to red luminescence induced in this category of materials by external pressure. Interactions between platinum(II) centers and neighboring chains play a key role for this variation in luminescence and lead to a rich variety of properties not accessible with anionic Pt(SCN)42– complexes not incorporated in polymers. The background shows a walking trail through the snow on the campus of Université de Montréal. Details are discussed in the article by C. Reber, D. B. Leznoff et al. on page 2865 ff (https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201700149). For more on the story behind the cover research, see the Cover Profile (https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201700514).
Differential Involvement of Optineurin in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis With or Without &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;SOD1&lt;/emph&gt; Mutations (2011)

The data from this study provide evidence that optineurin is involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic ALS and non- SOD1 familial ALS, thus supporting the hypothesis that these forms of ALS share a pathway that is distinct from that of SOD1-linked ALS.
Epidemiology, Etiology, and Clinical Features of Septic Arthritis in Children Younger Than 24 Months (1995)

The diagnosis of septic arthritis in young children requires a high index of suspicion, and the disease cannot be excluded on the basis of lack of fever or normal results of laboratory tests. Kingella kingae appears to be the most common cause of septic arthritis in patients younger than 24 months, although confirmatory studies from other geographic areas are still needed.
&lt;title&gt;Update on focal-plane image processing research&lt;/title&gt; (1991)

An update on research activities at Columbia University in the area of focal-plane image processing is presented. Two thrust areas have been pursued: image reorganization for image compression and image half-toning. The image reorganization processor is an integration of a 256 X 256 frame-transfer CCD imager with CCD-based circuitry for pixel data reorganization to enable difference encoding for hierarchical image compression. The reorganization circuitry occupies 2 of the total chip area and is performed using three parallel-serial-parallel (SP3) registers, a pixel resequencing block, and a sampling block for differential output. The chip has achieved a CTE of 0.99994 in this new SP3 architecture, at an output rate of 83 X 103 pixels/sec. (0.9996 at 2 X 106 pixels/sec) and an overall output amplifier sensitivity of 3.2 (mu) V/electron. The half-toning chip design has been described previously, and consists of a 256 X 256 frame transfer imager, a pipeline register, and comparator circuit. Functional testing of these elements is reported at this time.
Elucidating variations in the nucleotide sequence of Ebola virus associated with increasing pathogenicity (2014)

Upon passage in the guinea pig model, EBOV become more virulent, RNA editing and also coding changes in key proteins become established. The data suggest that the initial evolutionary trajectory of EBOV in a new host can lead to a gain in virulence. Given the circumstances of the sustained transmission of EBOV in the current outbreak in West Africa, increases in virulence may be associated with prolonged and uncontrolled epidemics of EBOV.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS ON 3-D ANALYSIS OF FLOW THROUGH STAY VANES AND GUIDE VANES OF A FRANCIS TURBINE (2010)

Stay and guide vanes (distributor) are essential parts of a turbine. They are used to control
the 
ow rate and to appropriately transfer the 
ow momentum to the runner. In this work, 
ow through
the distributor is analyzed. For various Boundary Conditions (BC) and dierent congurations, threedimensional

ows in the distributor of a Francis turbine are evaluated and compared with each other. The
numerical simulations were carried out using Fluent software and the results were validated with a GAMM
Francis turbine, where the geometry and detailed best eciency measurements were publically available.
In these simulations, the 
ow was assumed to be steady and the eect of turbulence was included using
the k ???? turbulence model. The study showed that an accurate prediction of velocity and pressure elds
through the distributor may be obtained by considering a representative runner chamber with a single
passage, including one blade of a stay and guide vane conguration. Furthermore, the corresponding
needed computational resources for such an analysis are quite modest.
Bonding and Phases Analysis of Geopolymer Materials (2020)

Abstract This paper presents the bondings and mineral phases exist in geopolymer material consist of raw fly ash, raw metakaolin and also fly ash and metakaolin blend geopolymer. Fly ash used is a waste materials from Lumut power plant by combusting coal while metakaolin was obtained by calcining the kaolin at 750 °C for 4 hours. Alkaline activators that act as binder were sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) solution and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with the ratio of Na 2 SiO 3 /NaOH is 2.5 to 1. The samples undergo Functional Group Identification (FTIR) and Phase Analysis (XRD). FTIR results show that after geopolymerization process, the band shifted to lower wavenumber (776 cm −1 ) due to interaction of Al atoms in the silicate geopolymer network because of higher cross-linking. XRD results show mineral phases of quartz and mullite in geopolymer after geopolymerization process and it can be said that not all mineral phases from raw material participating in formation of geopolymer matrix.
RIS-aided mmWave beam-forming for two-way communications of multiple pairs (2023)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a key enabler towards realizing enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) as a key promise of 5G and beyond, due to the abundance of bandwidth available at mmWave bands. An mmWave coverage map consists of blind spots due to shadowing and fading especially in dense urban environments. Beam-forming employing massive MIMO is primarily used to address high attenuation in the mmWave channel. Due to their ability in manipulating the impinging electromagnetic waves in an energy-efficient fashion, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are considered a great match to complement the massive MIMO systems in realizing the beam-forming task and therefore effectively filling in the mmWave coverage gap. In this paper, we propose a novel RIS architecture, namely RIS-UPA where the RIS elements are arranged in a Uniform Planar Array (UPA). We show how RIS-UPA can be used in an RIS-aided MIMO system to fill the coverage gap in mmWave by forming beams of a custom footprint, with optimized main lobe gain, minimum leakage, and fairly sharp edges. Further, we propose a configuration for RIS-UPA that can support multiple two-way communication pairs, simultaneously. We theoretically obtain closed-form low-complexity solutions for our design and validate our theoretical findings by extensive numerical experiments.
Properly Structured, Any Metal Can Produce Intense Surface Enhanced Raman Spectra (2017)

While silver and gold have been the dominant plasmonic metals used for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) since the field’s inception. We argue that virtually any metal, when appropriately nanostructured as a grating, has the potential to be an efficient SERS substrate. This conclusion provides the basis for making SERS a general tool for studying surface processes and catalysis and allows SERS substrates to be routinely based on earth-abundant, low-cost, and chemically interesting metals. We illustrate the above premise by producing highly performing SERS substrates using aluminum, nickel, and copper in addition to silver and gold as benchmarks. All five metals were found to yield high SERS intensities. The approximately three orders enhancement variation among the five substrates based on differing metals is ascribed mainly to local field effects associated with individual grating elements. This conclusion is supported by local field calculations. This suggests that the largest contribution to the enhancement is a (radiative) nonlocal grating-based (plasmonic) effect which is approximately equal for all of the gratings we studied regardless of metal from which they were fabricated, so long as the structural details of the gratings were kept constant.
Performance of an electrostatically augmented fabric filter pilot plant. Report for May 80-Feb 83 (1984)

Enzymatic transmethylation from the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to biological molecules has recently garnered increased attention because of the diversity of possible substrates and implications in normal biology and diseases. To reveal the substrates of protein methyltransferases (PMTs), the present article focuses on an alkyne-containing SAM mimic, Se-adenosyl-L-selenomethionine (ProSeAM), and a cleavable azido-azo-biotin probe to profile the targets of endogenous PMTs in cellular contexts. This article describes the stepwise preparation of cell lysates containing active, endogenous PMTs and subsequent target labeling with ProSeAM. The article continues with the enrichment of the ProSeAM-labeled proteins with the azido-azo biotin probe as a pulldown reagent and the subsequent reductive elution with sodium dithionate for proteomic analysis. The protocols provided here were formulated for ProSeAM as a profiling reagent but can be applied to other terminal-alkyne-containing SAM analog cofactors.
Investigation of an SF<sub>6</sub>-selfblast circuit breaker (2006)

Simulations of the switching process of an SF6-selfblast test circuit breaker have been performed and compared with experimental results by measuring voltage, current and pressure build-up. Arc radiation has been considered with the P1-radiation model. To include turbulence effects the shear stress transport model was applied. A comparison of the measured voltage, pressure and nozzle ablation in the test circuit breaker with the calculations is used to show the precision of the simulation tool.
Photoionized plasmas created by soft x-ray laser irradiation of solid targets (2008)

We report the first experimental study of plasmas created by photoionization of solid targets with focused soft X-ray laser light. The plasma properties are dominantly determined by material absorption, in agreement with model simulations.
Ultrastructural Biomarkers in Symbiotic Algae Reflect the Availability of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients and Particulate Food to the Reef Coral Holobiont (2015)

Reef building corals associated with symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) can access environmental nutrients from different sources, most significantly via the uptake of dissolved inorganic nutrients by the algal symbiont and heterotrophic feeding of the coral host. Climate change is expected to alter the nutrient environment in coral reefs with the potential to benefit or disturb coral reef resilience. At present, the relative importance of the two major nutrient sources is not well understood, making predictions of the responses of corals to changes in their nutrient environment difficult. Therefore, we have examined the long-term effects of the availability of different concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients and of nutrients in particulate organic form on the model coral Euphyllia paradivisa. Coral and algal biomass showed a significantly stronger increase in response to elevated levels of dissolved inorganic nutrients as compared to the supply with particulate food. Also, changes in the zooxanthellae ultrastructure, determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were mostly driven by the availability of dissolved inorganic nutrients under the present experimental conditions. The larger size of symbiont cells, their increased accumulation of lipid bodies, a higher number of starch granules and the fragmentation of their accumulation body could be established as reliable biomarkers of low availability of dissolved inorganic nutrients to the coral holobiont.
Targeting MAPAKAP2(MK2) to combat inflammation by avoiding the differential regulation of anti-inflammatory genes by p38 MAPK inhibitors (2022)

ABSTRACT p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) plays an important role in the key cellular processes related to inflammation. Several small molecule inhibitors of p38 MAPK therefore have been evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential and progressed from early discovery to late phase clinical trials. Most of these efforts however have failed due to severe toxicity concerns. Since p38 MAPK has several downstream substrates, inhibition of p38 MAPK, therefore, leads to the modulation of all its substrates, resulting into a dis-balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory response and multiple toxicity concerns. Targeting p38MAPK MAPKAPK2 (MK2), one of the downstream substrates of p38 MAPK directly, is expected to be a better anti-inflammatory approach without having any toxicity concerns. In this manuscript, we are reporting biological data of representative MK2 inhibitor to validate its anti-inflammatory potential and a comparison of p38 MAPK and MK2 inhibitors in cell based assays to understand their relative toxicities.
Table S5 from Field Synopsis of Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors of Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 5 shows the list of genes and variants and their associations with early-onset colorectal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
Organization of structural and regulatory genes that mediate tetracycline resistance in transposon Tn10 (1979)

The location of Tn10 genes encoding tetracycline resistance and its regulation was determined by analyzing the properties of recombinant plasmids carrying partial HpaI digestion products of lambda::Tn10 transducing phage deoxyribonucleic acid. Within a 2,700-base pair region are encoded tetracycline resistance, the structural gene (tet) for a tetracycline-inducible polypeptide, and the regulatory elements for the induction of both the resistance phenotype and the polypeptide. Fusion of different sequences to an HpaI site in the tet gene alters the molecular weight and stability of the polypeptide as well as the tetracycline resistance phenotype of strains producing fusion polypeptides. These results indicate the orientation of the tet gene and support the conclusion that the tet polypeptie is required for tetracycline resistance. A HincII cleavage site immediately upstream from the tet gene is protected by ribonucleic acid polymerase, but only the absence of ribonucleotide triphosphates. The possibility that tet transcription is initiated at this site is discussed.