gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Concern: Provisioning On-Chip Networks under Buffered RC Interconnect Delay Variations (2007)

A network-on-chip (NoC) replaces on-chip communication implemented by point-to-point interconnects in a multi-core environment by a set of shared interconnects connected through programmable crosspoints. Since an NoC may provide a number of paths between a given source and destination, manufacturing or runtime faults on one interconnect does not necessarily render the chip useless. It is partly because of this fault tolerance that NoCs have emerged as a viable alternative for implementing communication between functional units of a chip in the nanometer regime, where high defect rates are prevalent. In this paper, the authors quantify the fault tolerance offered by an NoC against process variations. Specifically, the authors develop an analytical model for the probability of failure in buffered global NoC links due to interconnect dishing, and effective channel length variation. Using the developed probability model, the authors study the impact of link failure on the number of cycles required to establish communications in NoC applications
Detection of Antidrug Antibodies Against Human Therapeutic Antibodies Lacking Fc-Effector Functions by Usage of Soluble Fcγ Receptor I (2016)

The hsFcγRI-based ADA assay can serve as alternative screening assay or as orthogonal confirmation method for preclinical and clinical immunogenicity testing of IgG therapeutics lacking Fc effector functions.
Immobilization of hydrous iron oxides in porous alginate beads for arsenic removal from water (2018)

For removal of arsenic in the aqueous phase, hydrous iron oxides (HIOs) were immobilized in alginate beads with enhanced porosity (designated as HIO-P-alginate beads).
Tuning Napththalenediimide Cations for Incorporation into Ruddlesden–Popper-Type Hybrid Perovskites (2022)

Layered hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (LHOIP) materials constructed with low-band-gap chromophore-based organic spacer cations are an emerging class of materials that promise unique tunability of their optoelectronic properties. However, the large size of such chromophore-based spacer cations challenges their incorporation into a layered perovskite structure and requires further insight into the layered perovskite phase formation mechanism. Herein, we report the preparation and incorporation of asymmetric naphthalenediimide (NDI) spacer chromophore cations with different amine-bearing alkyl linker chains into thin films of LHOIPs. Using in situ UV–vis spectroscopic kinetic studies of the quantum well formation, we show that shorter linker chain lengths require higher annealing temperatures to form the LHOIP structure. Avrami analysis of the layered perovskite formation shows a larger Avrami coefficient (n = 3.64) for short linker chain-bearing cations compared to that for longer alkyl chain-bearing cations (n = 2.43), suggesting an evolution from three-dimensional to quasi-two-dimensional crystal growth with increasing linker chain length. Additionally, transient absorption spectroscopy and broad-band fluorescent upconversion spectroscopy indicate fast photoinduced charge transfer from the inorganic layer to the electron-accepting NDI-spacer cation.
Staining SDS-Polyacrylamide Gels with Silver Salts (2006)

INTRODUCTIONA number of methods have been developed to stain polypeptides with silver salts after separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is somewhat more difficult to perform than staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250, but it is ~100-1000-fold more sensitive and is capable of detecting as little as 0.1-1.0 ng of polypeptide in a single band.
Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Induction of T Suppressor Cells in Transplant Recipients (2013)

Tolerogenic antigen presenting cells (APC), primarily dendritic cells (DC), are essential to the induction and maintenance of immunologic tolerance in clinical transplantation. They induce the differentiation of CD8+ T suppressor (Ts) and CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) or anergic cells, which prevent transplant rejection maintaining a state of quiescence. Tolerogenic APC express high levels of inhibitory receptors such as Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)3 and 4 which inhibit the effector function of T cells that recognize HLA-peptide complexes on APC. Here, we describe the methods for detection of tolerogenic APC induced by allospecific Ts/Treg cells.
Diselenide-Mediated Catalytic Functionalization of Hydrophosphoryl Compounds (2020)

We report a diaryldiselenide catalyst for cross-dehydrogenative nucleophilic functionalization of hydrophosphoryl compounds. The proposed organocatalytic cycle closely resembles the mechanism of the Atherton-Todd reaction, with the catalyst serving as a recyclable analogue of the halogenating agent employed in the named reaction. Phosphorus and selenium NMR studies reveal the existence of a P-Se bond intermediate, and structural analyses indicate a stereospecific reaction.
Low-threshold continuous-wave surface emitting lasers with etched void confinement (1994)

Data are presented demonstrating low threshold continuous wave operation of AlAs/GaAs/InGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. Continuous wave thresholds of 470 μA have been realized for device diameters of /spl sim/4 μm, and 1.1 mA for a device diameter of 10 μm. A two-step molecular beam epitaxial growth process is used which results in a buried etched void surrounding the active cavity of the laser.
Automation Guidelines for Introducing Survivability Analysis in Future Fighter Aircraft (2012)

Pilots of fighter aircraft are often exposed to the risk of being hit by enemy fire from ground-based threats. It has been argued that the pilots could be aided by a tactical support system that automatically assesses the danger posed by such threats and analyzes the survivability of the mission. It has also been argued that the automation design of such system must be properly adapted according to the pilots' needs. In this paper, empirical results are presented regarding the characteristics of an operator-centered survivability support system in the fighter aircraft domain, where both the development of the system and its automation design are discussed. The results indicate a strong potential for the survivability model and the automation guidelines within the fighter aircraft domain, but also a need for further refinements of the model and the guidelines to reflect the specific characteristics of the domain.
On the origin of the tunnelling asymmetry in the cuprate superconductors: a variational perspective (2006)

Through variational Monte Carlo calculation on Gutzwiller projected wave functions, we study the quasiparticle(qp) weight for adding and removing an electron from a high temperature superconductor. We find the qp weight is particle-hole symmetric at sufficiently low energy. We propose to use the tunneling asymmetry as a tool to study the mechanism of electron incoherence in high temperature superconductors.
X-ray diffraction study of polycrystalline BiFeO3 thin films under electric field (2008)

Diffraction measurements using 12.4keV x-ray of synchrotron radiation have been performed in (001)pc- and (110)pc-oriented polycrystalline 350-nm-thick BiFeO3 thin films on a Pt∕TiO2∕SiO2∕Si substrate under electric field in air at RT. Unipolar rectangular pulse voltages having a 150ns width and a 804.09ns period have been applied to BiFeO3 with a Pt top electrode. A diffraction peak of the (001)pc [(110)pc] plane shifts from 14.602° (20.520°) to 14.588 (20.505°) due to piezoelectric response when a 12V (11V) pulse is applied. Piezoelectric constants (d33) of (001)pc-oriented and (110)pc-oriented domains estimated from these peak shifts are 27.8 and 26.4pm∕V, respectively.
More Than Moore - Wafer Scale Integration of Dissimilar Materials on a Si Platform (2015)

Advances in silicon technology continue to revolutionize microelectronics. However, Si cannot do everything, particularly for high performance, high frequency RF and mixed signal applications. As a result circuits based on other materials systems, such as III-V semiconductors, are required. However, these other device technologies do not enjoy the integration density, cost benefit and manufacturing infrastructure of Si. So how can we get the 'best of both worlds'? What is the best way to integrate these dissimilar materials with Si? In this talk, we review different heterogeneous integration approaches and summarize our results on the successful wafer-scale, 3D heterogeneous integration (3DHI) of GaN HEMTs and Si CMOS. Our Au-free GaN HEMTs have been successfully fabricated entirely in a Si foundry on semi-standard, 200 mm diameter Si wafers using Cu damascene interconnects. RF performance compares favorably with GaN on SiC devices fabricated in a III-V foundry with Au-based contact and interconnect metallurgy. Oxide bonding is being used to integrate these GaN on Si wafers with Si CMOS wafers. Through-dielectric-vias (TDVs) are used to interconnect the high performance GaN RF devices/circuits with high density CMOS control and logic circuits, resulting in ultra-short, wide-bandwidth interconnects enabling circuit optimization through intimate and arbitrary placement of CMOS logic and control circuitry relative to III-V devices. Through-substrate-vias (TSVs) are used for thermal management. This 'flexible' wafer-scale, integration platform is compatible with other III-V devices, other (non-Si) device/component technologies and any node of Si CMOS or SiGe BiCMOS. The 3DHI process is being used to fabricate cost effective, high performance, digitally enhanced, RF and mixed signal ICs such as 'intelligent' and adaptive/reconfigurable transceivers.
Current Methods in the Automatic Tissue Segmentation of 3D Magnetic Resonance Brain Images (2006)

Accurate segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain is of interest in the study of many brain disorders. In this paper, we provide a review of some of the current approaches in the tissue segmentation of MR brain images. We broadly divided current MR brain image segmentation algorithms into three categories: classificationbased, region-based, and contour-based, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. We also briefly review our recent work in this area. We show that by incorporating two key ideas into the conventional fuzzy cmeans clustering algorithm, we are able to take into account the local spatial context and compensate for the intensity nonuniformity (INU) artifact during the clustering process. We conclude this review by pointing to some possible future directions in this area. Keywords: Medical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, brain tissue segmentation, intensity nonuniformity artifact, partial volume artifact, fuzzy clustering, image segmentation
Concussive brain injury from explosive blast (2014)

The region of the hippocampus injured differentiates explosive blast mTBI from PTSD. MRSI is quite sensitive in detecting and localizing regions of neuronal injury from explosive blast associated with memory impairment.
The heterogeneity of the non-aggregating proteoglycans of the human intervertebral disc (1987)

Non-aggregating proteoglycans of differing average hydrodynamic volumes were prepared from nuclei pulposi and anuli fibrosi of three human lumbar spines and characterized by biochemical and immunochemical analyses. The hexose-to-hexuronate and protein-to-hexuronate ratios increased with decreasing hydrodynamic volume. Analysis by composite agarose/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis has demonstrated two aggregating subpopulations [McDevitt, Jahnke & Green (1982) Trans. Annu. Meet. Orthop. Res. Soc. 7, 50]. In the present study, electrophoresis of the non-aggregating pools has shown three additional subpopulations, here named bands III, IV and V. The two smallest proteoglycan pools from each tissue contained two and three components respectively. These components were isolated by preparative electrophoresis and analysed. Band III was a proteoglycan richer in keratan sulphate than in chondroitin sulphate; band IV was a proteoglycan richer in chondroitin sulphate than in keratan sulphate; band V contained only chondroitin sulphate. Unsaturated disaccharides prepared from the chondroitin sulphate of all bands were predominantly 6-sulphated, with only 5-15% 4-sulphated. The molecular masses of the chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate did not differ between the bands. The amino acid composition of band III differed from that of band IV. Thus three distinct subpopulations of non-aggregating proteoglycan were demonstrated in the human intervertebral disc.
Effects of Film Quality of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Grown by Thermal Chemical-Vapor-Depositon on Subsequent in-situ Hydrogenation Processes (2000)

In-situ hydrogenation which is performed in a thermal chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) chamber by interrupting film growth and by introducing atomic hydrogen is known to be effective for decreasing the defect density in thermal CVD hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). In this study we have experimentally examined the validity of a previous implicit assumption that the film properties after in-situ hydrogenation process could be insensitive to the quality of starting CVD films. This assumption has been proved to be invalid and it has been clarified that one must start with high quality CVD samples in order to obtain high quality samples after in-situ hydrogenation. We explain the present results by assuming that the film structure of the thermal CVD a-Si:H, which affects the hydrogen penetration into the lattice during hydrogen plasma treatment and consequently the defect passivation, can vary with CVD growth conditions.
OCEANOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND EROSION OF THE OUTER BANKS DURING HURRICANE ISABEL (2006)

The meteorological and oceanographic processes responsible for erosion of the Outer Banks of North Carolina during Hurricane Isabel have been simulated using a suite of numerical models. The computed wind, wave, current, and water level fields are used to drive a three- dimensional numerical sedimentation model that calculates nearshore sediment transport and erosion potential. The erosion potential is the quantity of sand that can be transported by the coastal transport system, which is the maximum volume that can be eroded. The potential erosion of the dunes is discussed by comparing the erosion potential to dune-beach volumes, which are not known in this study.
Determination of Thermal Maturity and the Extent of Oil Cracking in Tight Shales Using Extract Biomarker and Diamondoid Concentrations and Distributions (2013)

Summary URTeC 1574980 The determination and mapping of the extent of oil cracking is essential to evaluating tight shale plays and delineating “sweetspots.” This is due to the fact that oil cracking: (1) generates light oil and gas, which can solubilize oil and act as a carrier during production; (2) can generate pressure within the formation to drive production and, in some cases, possibly even fracture the rock; (3) may create porosity and permeability through the conversion of liquid to gas which can then escape; and (4) it can crack large oil molecules (such as asphaltenes) which can block pore throats to smaller molecules, allowing for mobility during production. Determination and mapping of oil cracking is generally performed indirectly on the immovable organic matter via vitrinite reflectance and Rock-Eval Tmax. In this paper, we propose a direct method of determining the extent of oil cracking on the fluids contained within, above and below the target tight shale. This method is based on nano-diamond (diamondoid) concentrations in rock extracts. Analyzing biomarker concentrations and distributions, along with diamondoid concentrations, provides a continuum allowing for the determination of fluid thermal maturities and cracking extents ranging from the Early Oil Window into the Dry Gas Window. By combining these fluid analyses with maturity determinations on the immovable organic matter (such as vitrinite reflectance and Tmax), we not only derive a better understanding of oil cracking, but are also able to see oil migration above, below and within the tight shale target. Example of this would be (1) zones where the maturity of the migrated fluids are markedly different than the maturities of the immovable organic matter; and (2) zones where the maturities and extent of oil cracking of the fluids themselves vary dramatically over short vertical distances.
Neocarzinostatin naphthoate synthase: an unique iterative type I PKS from neocarzinostatin producer <i>Streptomyces carzinostaticus</i> (2004)

Enediyne antibiotics are known for their potent antitumor activities. One such enediyne, neocarzinostatin (NCS), consists of a 1:1 complex of non-peptide chromophore (1a), and peptide apoprotein. The structurally diverse non-peptide chromophore is responsible for its biological activity. One of its structural components, the naphthoic acid moiety (2,7-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoic acid, 1d) is synthesized by a polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway through condensing six intact acetate units. The 5.45 kb iterative type I PKS, neocarzinostatin naphthoate synthase (NNS), responsible for naphthoic acid moiety biosynthesis, shares sequence homology with 6-methyl salicylic acid synthase of fungi and orsellinic acid synthases (AviM and CalO5) of Streptomyces origin. Cultures of S. lividans TK24 and S. coelicolor YU105 containing plasmids with NNS were able to produce 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoic acid (2a), a key intermediate of naphthoic acid moiety in NCS. In addition to 2a, a novel product, 2-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1-naphthoic acid (2d) was isolated. This is the first report of a bacterial iterative type I PKS from an enediyne producer which enables the biosynthesis of bicyclic aromatic compounds.
Detection of Skin Diseases from Dermoscopy Image Using the combination of Convolutional Neural Network and One-versus-All (2020)

The use of deep learning in the field of image processing is increasing. In this study, a new method based on Convolutional Neural Network is proposed to detect skin diseases automatically from Dermoscopy images. Skin cancer is one of the common diseases in the community. In this article, the skin images were taken from the data HAM10000 dataset prepared by Philipp Tschandl. There are seven classes in the skin disease data set; Actinic keratoses and intraepithelial carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma, Benign keratosis, Dermatofibroma, Melanoma, Melanocytic type and Vascular lesions. To classify the skin diseases automatically, two different methods have been proposed: i) Alone Convolutional Neural Network model, and ii) the combination of Convolutional Neural Network and one- versus- all. In the proposed method, we have not used any pre-processing method to classify them. The raw dermatology images taken from the dataset have been given to the input of Convolutional Neural Network and then trained and tested by these images. In the second proposed method, seven different models having two-classes have been composed and then combined with the one-versus-all approach. While alone, Convolutional Neural Network obtained 77% classification accuracy in the detection of skin disease with seven classes, the combination of Convolutional Neural Network and one-versus-all approach achieved 92.90% accuracy. The obtained results have shown that the proposed method is very promising in the classification of skin disease from Dermoscopy images.
A radiometric method for objectively screening large numbers of compounds against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro. (1992)

A relatively simple method is reported for accurately quantitating the incorporation of [3H]para aminobenzoic acid (pABA) into the folates of Pneumocystis carinii cultured in vitro, and the subsequent development of a highly sensitive and reproducible 96-well microtitre plate drug screening system. Incorporation of [3H]pABA under optimized conditions has been utilized as a selective indicator of the in vitro viability of P. carinii against which the inhibitory effects of potential drugs were quantified. The anti-Pneumocystis agents pentamidine, sulfamethoxazole, 566C80 and piritrexim gave median inhibitory concentration values of 7.3, 0.1, 1.4 and approximately 100 microM, respectively in this assay. The results suggest that this 96-well plate P. carinii [3H]pABA-incorporation system is suitable as a rapid high throughput primary in vitro screen for detecting compounds with anti-Pneumocystis activity.
Waves in a short cable at low frequencies, or just hand-waving? What does physics say? (2015)

We address the question of low-frequency signals in a short cable, which are often considered as waves in engineering calculations. Such an assumption violates several laws of physics, but exact calculations can be carried out via linear network theory.
Abstract 18045: Can Metabolic Syndrome Predict the Vulnerable Plaque in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris?: Virtual Histology-Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis (2011)

Background- Vulnerable plaque (VP) in coronary artery can progress to plaque rupture and thrombosis, and have a strong potential to induce acute coronary syndrome. Many studies have demonstrated that metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and related mortalities. This study aimed to determine the predictive value of MS on VP in the patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). Methods and Results- From September 2007 to June 2010, a total of 239 patients with SAP who underwent coronary angiogram and intravascular ultrasound were categorized into two groups: MS group (n = 100, 56 men, 64.7 ± 9.5 years) and non-MS group (n = 139, 98 men, 60.2 ± 8.4 years). National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guideline was used to determine the presence of MS and diverse variables containing IVUS findings were compared between two groups. MS group were older age and more likely to be women than non-MS group (p &lt;0.001, p = 0.021, respectively). MS group showed more frequent multivessel involvement (p = 0.026) and had more distal target vessel in coronary artery (p = 0.005) than non-MS group, but IVUS finding containing the plaque burden showed no significant difference between two groups. In addition, low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level as the criteria of MS (male &lt;40 mg/dl, female &lt;50 mg/dl) was observed in VP group more than stable plaque group (p = 0.020), but the prevalence of MS and other components of MS were not different between two groups. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression for the presence of VP showed that the independent predictor is the low HDL cholesterol level (odds ratio = 3.563, 95% confidence interval = 1.370-9.269, p = 0.009). Conclusions- Low HDL cholesterol level, but not MS, is the independent predictor of VP as a culprit lesion in SAP patients.
Knowledge discovery for document classification (1993)

We report on extensive experiments using rule-based induction methods for document classification. The goal is to automatically discover patterns in document classifications, potentially surpassing humans who currently read and classify these documents. By using a decision rule model, we induce results in a form compatible with expensive human engineered systems that have recently demonstrated excellent performance. Using computer-intensive rule induction methods, we have conducted experiments over a vast set of document families, including UPI, Reuters, NTIS, and the Library of Congress Catalog. We report on several approaches to classic problems for such applications, including choosing the right representation for text, and handling high dimensionality.