gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant and Stable Conductivity Switching Behaviors in ZrO<sub>2</sub> Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Depositions (2005)

ZrO 2 films have been deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition methods. Giant and stable conductivity switching behaviors with maximum on/off ratio of 10 6 and switching endurance of 10 5 times are observed in a typical Pt/ZrO 2 /Pt structure. The Pt/ZrO 2 /Pt structure exhibits two ohmic behaviors in the low-voltage region ( V &lt; 1.4 V) depending on the value of previously applied voltage and Schottky-type conduction in the high-voltage region (1.4 V&lt; V &lt;8.9 V). It seems that the conductivity switching behaviors result from the changes in both the Schottky barrier and the bulk conductivity controlled by applied voltages.
Expressive speech synthesis using a concatenative synthesizer (2002)

This paper describes an experiment in synthesizing four emotional states - anger, happiness, sadness and neutral – using a concatenative speech synthesizer. To achieve this, five emotionally (i.e., semantically) unbiased target sentences were prepared. Then, separate speech inventories, comprising the target diphones for each of the above emotions, were recorded. Using the 16 different combinations of prosody and inventory during synthesis resulted in 80 synthetic test sentences. The results were evaluated by conducting listening tests with 33 naive listeners. Synthesized anger was recognized with 86.1% accuracy, sadness with 89.1%, happiness with 44.2%, and neutral emotion with 81.8% accuracy. According to our results, anger was classified as inventory dominant and sadness and neutral as prosody dominant. Results were not sufficient to make similar conclusions regarding happiness. The highest recognition accuracies were achieved for sentences synthesized by using prosody and diphone inventory belonging to the same emotion.
Magnetic field structure in Monoceros R2 (1994)

We have carried out polarimetric observations to investigate the geometry of the magnetic field in the giant molecular cloud Monoceros R2. This study is based upon deep R-band charge coupled device (CCD) polarimetry, covering a total area of 0.5 deg<SUP>2</SUP> of the giant molecular cloud. The data were calibrated using a new technique that relies on obtaining broad-band photometry of stars simultaneously with polarimetric photometry of the Mon R2 fields, thus providing an accurate means of measuring the electric vectors of starlight which is polarized by the fore-ground dust grains aligned by the magnetic field in the Mon R2 GMC. In this work, (1) we were able to continuously trace magnetic field lines from the largest scales in Mon R2 to the detailed structure of the field in the dense core, as determined from infrared polarimetry; and (2) we have found that the ambient field is apparently modified by a large-scale structure in the Mon R2 cloud. The mean angle of polarization for the complete sample we measured is 158 deg, which is roughly coincident with the local Galactic magnetic field (155 deg). The dispersion in the angle of polarization is 33 deg, similar to that found in the Orion GMC. The dispersion in angle of polarization for stars located along the western side of the three CCD fields is 22 deg. The CCD fields are bisected by a dense ridge of gas defining the boundary of an expanding gas shell that recent observational results at millimeter wavelengths now reveal dominates the Mon R2 GMC. Our results suggest th at the expanding shell has distorted the magnetic field lines extending from the core to the northern gas structure comprising Mon R2.
Probing the evolutionary conserved regions within functional site of drug-resistant target proteins of Staphylococcus aureus: In silico phylogenetic motif profiling approach. (2012)

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of clinical infections and increasing mortality due to multi-drug resistance. In this study, eight drug-resistant genes, beta-lactamase, metallo-beta-lactamase, vanB, mecA, norA, qacA, qacB and qacC of S. aureus strain Mu50 (vancomycin resistant) were studied to predict the evolutionary conserved functional site residues in their protein sequences. It was found that in beta-lactamase, Tyr, Gly, Thr, Asn and in metallo-beta-lactamase, Thr, His, Gly, Leu, Arg and Asp residues were highly conserved. In vanB, Gly, His and Asp residues were highly conserved. Whereas in mecA, His, Val, Phe, Gln, Lys and in norA, Ser, Leu and Ala residues showed conservedness at moderate level. In the multi-drug efflux pump (corresponding to qacA, qacB and qacC), Gly residue was found to be highly conserved. The homology clustering of target proteins through SCI-PHY algorithm and homologues identified through PSI-BLAST were compared to identify the degree of conservation of functional residues. The phylogenetic motifs identified using homologues of target proteins were validated through domain search to locate their site and functionality in the protein sequences. Interactome analysis was performed to understand the possible mode of interaction of target proteins with their functional partners.
Electrocatalyst Materials for PEM Fuel Cells Based on Substituted Heteropoly Acids (2006)

Very small amounts of various vanadium or iron substituted Heteropoly acids (HPA) are strongly adsorbed on to commercial XC-72R based carbon gas diffusion electrodes. The electrochemical activity of these adsorbed HPA for both the hydrogen oxidation reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction is investigated as non-platinum electro-catalysts and it is shown that these materials have a moderate activity at the extremely low doping levels achieved. On the cathode rearrangement of the precursor HPA induced by moderate heating (vanadium) or cycling the fuel cell in the absence of oxygen (iron) occurs to give a more active electro-catalyst. The HPA studied are also proposed for use in CO tolerant anodes and as mixed electronic/protonic conductors in platinized fuel cell electrodes.
Continuous mutual improvement of macromolecular structure models in the PDB and of X-ray crystallographic software: the dual role of deposited experimental data (2014)

Accurate crystal structures of macromolecules are of high importance in the biological and biomedical fields. Models of crystal structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) are in general of very high quality as deposited. However, methods for obtaining the best model of a macromolecular structure from a given set of experimental X-ray data continue to progress at a rapid pace, making it possible to improve most PDB entries after their deposition by re-analyzing the original deposited data with more recent software. This possibility represents a very significant departure from the situation that prevailed when the PDB was created, when it was envisioned as a cumulative repository of static contents. A radical paradigm shift for the PDB is therefore proposed, away from the static archive model towards a much more dynamic body of continuously improving results in symbiosis with continuously improving methods and software. These simultaneous improvements in methods and final results are made possible by the current deposition of processed crystallographic data (structure-factor amplitudes) and will be supported further by the deposition of raw data (diffraction images). It is argued that it is both desirable and feasible to carry out small-scale and large-scale efforts to make this paradigm shift a reality. Small-scale efforts would focus on optimizing structures that are of interest to specific investigators. Large-scale efforts would undertake a systematic re-optimization of all of the structures in the PDB, or alternatively the redetermination of groups of structures that are either related to or focused on specific questions. All of the resulting structures should be made generally available, along with the precursor entries, with various views of the structures being made available depending on the types of questions that users are interested in answering.
TCP Instant Recovery: Incorporating Forward Error Correction in TCP (2013)

Ordinary TCP loss recovery takes at least one round-trip time and as
such can increase application-perceived latency, especially for short
flows such as Web transactions. TCP Instant Recovery (TCP-IR) is an
experimental algorithm that allows a receiving end to recover lost
packets without retransmissions, thus potentially saving at least one
full round-trip time compared to standard TCP. TCP-IR achieves this by
judiciously injecting encoded data segments within a TCP stream. This
document describes the TCP-IR algorithm at the sending and receiving
ends, along with the required protocol changes.
Effect on Plasma Gonadotropins of Cyclic Steroid Replacement in Women with Premature Ovarian Failure* (1986)

A sequential regimen of steroid replacement of oral estradiol valerate and progesterone (P) by intravaginal suppository was developed for women with premature ovarian failure or ovarian agenesis. The regimen, based on a 28-day cycle, resulted in peripheral plasma concentrations of estradiol and P within the normal range of the menstrual cycle and endometrial differentiation consistent with the normal secretory phase. Pregnancy has now been successfully established in four patients following this regimen of steroid treatment and transfer of donated embryos. Plasma concentrations of LH were within the normal range by the end of the first cycle of treatment with exogenous steroids. However, plasma FSH remained above the normal range, even during the third treatment cycle, consistent with the necessity of a gonadal feedback factor (inhibin?) other than estradiol and P for maintaining FSH in the normal range. Although 7/8 patients had a surge of LH at midcycle, only 3/8 patients had concomitant FSH surges, supporting a role for progesterone in facilitating the midcycle FSH surge.
Automated indexation of metabolic changes in Alzheimer's mice using a voxel-wise approach combined to an MRI-based 3D digital atlas (2010)

Brain glucose uptake was examined in transgenic mice relevant to Alzheimer's disease (APP/PS1) and their control littermates (PS1). Glucose distribution in the brain of the resting animals was measured using 3D-reconstructed autoradiography and analysed by a voxel-wise approach using SPMMouse combined to an MRI-based 3D digital atlas. Prompt and direct indexation of metabolic changes between the two groups was achieved, showing both hypo- and hypermetabolism of glucose in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. We confirm and extend previous study, since we identified brain structures affected in this pathological model and demonstrate glucose uptake changes in structures like the olfactory bulb. Our results pave the way to complete and accurate examination of functional data from cerebral structures involved in models of neurodegenerative diseases.
Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from &lt;em&gt;Borrelia burgdorferi&lt;/em&gt; Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever &lt;em&gt;Borrelia&lt;/em&gt; (2022)

The Borrelia consists of three groups of species, those of the Lyme borreliosis (LB) group, also known as B. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and recently reclassified into Borreliella, the relapsing fever (RF) group Borrelia, and a third reptile-associated group of spirochetes. Culture-based methods remain the gold standard for the laboratory detection of bacterial infections for both research and clinical work, as the culture of pathogens from bodily fluids or tissues directly detects replicating pathogens and provides source material for research. Borrelia and Borreliella spirochetes are fastidious and slow growing, and thus are not commonly cultured for clinical purposes; however, culture is necessary for research. This protocol demonstrates the methodology and recipes required to successfully culture LB and RF spirochetes, including all recognized species from B. burgdorferi s.l. complex including B. afzelii, B. americana, B. andersonii, B. bavariensis, B. bissettii/bissettiae, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), B. californiensis, B. carolinensis, B. chilensis, B. finlandensis, B. garinii, B. japonica, B. kurtenbachii, B. lanei, B. lusitaniae, B. maritima, B. mayonii, B. spielmanii, B. tanukii, B. turdi, B. sinica, B. valaisiana, B. yangtzensis, and RFspirochetes, B. anserina, B. coriaceae, B. crocidurae, B. duttonii, B. hermsii, B. hispanica, B. persica, B. recurrentis, and B. miyamotoi. The basic medium for growing LB and RF spirochetes is the Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK-II or BSK-H) medium, which reliably supports the growth of spirochetes in established cultures. To be able to grow newly isolated Borrelia isolates from tick- or host-derived samples where the initial spirochete number is low in the inoculum, modified Kelly-Pettenkofer (MKP) medium is preferred. This medium also supports the growth of B. miyamotoi. The success of the cultivation of RF spirochetes also depends critically on the quality of ingredients.
Z-type alpha 1-antitrypsin is less competent than M1-type alpha 1-antitrypsin as an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. (1987)

Alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency resulting from homozygous inheritance of the Z-type alpha 1AT gene is associated with serum alpha 1AT levels of less than 50 mg/dl and the development of emphysema in the third to fourth decades. Despite the overwhelming evidence that the emphysema of PiZZ individuals develops because of a "deficiency" of alpha 1AT and hence an insufficient antineutrophil elastase defense of the lung, epidemiologic evidence has shown that levels of alpha 1AT of only 80 mg/dl protect the lung from an increased risk of emphysema. With this background, we hypothesized that homozygous inheritance of the Z-type may confer an added risk beyond a simple deficiency of alpha 1AT by virtue of an inability of the Z-type alpha 1AT molecule to inhibit neutrophil elastase as effectively as the common M1-type molecule. To evaluate this hypothesis, the functional status of alpha 1AT from PiZZ individuals (n = 10) was compared with that of alpha 1AT from PiM1M1 individuals (n = 7) for its ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase (percent inhibition) as well as its association rate constant for neutrophil elastase (K association). Plasma alpha 1AT concentration, measured by radial immunodiffusion, was 34 +/- 1 mg/dl in PiZZ patients vs. 237 +/- 14 mg/dl for PiM1M1 plasma, a sevenfold difference. When titrated against neutrophil elastase, the present inhibition of PiZZ plasma was significantly less than Pi M1M1 plasma (ZZ 78 +/- 1% vs. M1M1 95 +/- 1%, P less than 0.001) as was purified Z type alpha 1AT (ZZ, 63 +/- 2% vs. M1M1 86 +/- 2%, P less than 0.001). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel comparisons of the complexes formed with M1-type alpha 1AT and Z-type alpha 1AT with elastase demonstrated the Z alpha 1AT-elastase complexes were less stable than the M1 alpha 1AT-elastase complexes, thus releasing some of the enzyme to continue to function as a protease. Consistent with these observations, the K association of purified Z-type alpha 1AT for neutrophil elastase was lower than that of M1-type alpha 1AT (ZZ 4.5 +/- 0.3 X 10(6) M-1s-1 vs. M1M1 9.7 +/- 0.4 X 10(6) M-1s-1, P less than 0.001), suggesting that for the population of alpha 1AT molecules, the active Z-type molecules take more than twice as long as the active M1-type alpha 1AT to inhibit neutrophil elastase. Consequently, not only is there less alpha1AT in PiZZ individuals, but the population of Z-type alpha1AT molecules is less competent as an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase than M1-type alpha1AT molecules. This combination of defects suggests that PiZZ individuals have far less functional antielastase protection than suggested by the reduced concentrations of alpha1AT alone, further explaining their profound risk for development of emphysema.
Using conditional random fields to validate observations in a 4W1H paradigm (2011)

Detecting human activity has been one of the main focuses in intelligent spaces. This is achieved by using a large number of sensors attached both to the humans and the environment. Yet, these systems are prone to failure due to the parallel sensing when miss firings occur. We propose a method to test and prevent the miss firings using conditional random fields, since they provide us with a tool that allows us to confirm whether the expected output or activity is likely to happen in the space or not, given the inputs of the system, which are provided by the 4W1H paradigm, that allows us to segment every piece of information in the space into 5 simple variables (Who, When, What, Where and How).
Diels–Alder Polymer Networks with Temperature‐Reversible Cross‐Linking‐Induced Emission (2020)

Abstract A novel synthetic strategy gives reversible cross‐linked polymeric materials with tunable fluorescence properties. Dimaleimide‐substituted tetraphenylethene (TPE‐2MI), which is non‐emissive owing to the photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) between maleimide (MI) and tetraphenylethene (TPE) groups, was used to cross‐link random copolymers of methyl (MM), decyl (DM) or lauryl (LM) methacrylate with furfuryl methacrylate (FM). The mixture of copolymer and TPE‐2MI in DMF showed reversible fluorescence with “on/off” behavior depending on the Diels–Alder (DA)/retro‐DA process, which is easily adjusted by temperature. At high temperatures, the retro‐DA reaction is dominant, and the fluorescence is quenched by the photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. In contrast, at low temperatures, the emission recovers as the DA reaction takes over. A transparent PMFM/TPE‐2MI polymer film was prepared which shows an accurate response to the external temperature and exhibited tunable fluorescent “turn on/off” behavior. These results suggest the possible application in areas including information security and transmission. An example of invisible/visible writing is given.
Multidisciplinary Intensive Rehabilitation Program for People with Parkinson’s Disease: Gaps between the Clinic and Real-World Mobility (2023)

Intensive rehabilitation programs improve motor and non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), however, it is not known whether transfer to daily-living walking occurs. The effects of multidisciplinary-intensive-outpatient rehabilitation (MIOR) on gait and balance in the clinic and on everyday walking were examined. Forty-six (46) people with PD were evaluated before and after the intensive program. A 3D accelerometer placed on the lower back measured daily-living walking during the week before and after the intervention. Participants were also stratified into "responders" and "non-responders" based on daily-living-step-counts. After the intervention, gait and balance significantly improved, e.g., MiniBest scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001), dual-task gait speed increased (<i>p</i> = 0.016) and 6-minute walk distance increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Many improvements persisted after 3 months. In contrast, daily-living number of steps and gait quality features did not change in response to the intervention (<i>p</i> > 0.1). Only among the "responders", a significant increase in daily-living number of steps was found (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that in people with PD improvements in the clinic do not necessarily carry over to daily-living walking. In a select group of people with PD, it is possible to ameliorate daily-living walking quality, potentially also reducing fall risk. Nevertheless, we speculate that self-management in people with PD is relatively poor; therefore, to maintain health and everyday walking abilities, actions such as long-term engaging in physical activity and preserving mobility may be needed.
Recovery of Tantalum Sintered Compact from Used Tantalum Condenser Using Steam Gasification with Sodium Hydroxide (2014)

Recovery of tantalum resource from used tantalum capacitor in electric equipment is important because the production of tantalum have not been stable for the price and the quantity. However, recovery of tantalum sintered compact from tantalum capacitor is difficult since the compact strongly covered with the flame retardant resin made of halogenated compounds (mold resin). In this study, steam gasification with sodium hydroxide was applied for recovery of tantalum sintered compact by destroying mold resin and stabilization of halogenated compounds in sodium hydroxide to prevent exhausting halogenated gas. Mold resin can be decomposed by steam gasification with NaOH to recover the sintered compact of tantalum. Furthermore, most halogen gas generated from decomposition of mold resin can be trapped in sodium hydroxide not to exhaust halogen gas. These results suggested that recovery process of tantalum sintered compact from the used condenser using steam gasification with sodium hydroxide is expected as a feasible way to recycle the rare metal in electric equipment.
Efecto del sistema de regeneración de barricas usadas Barena® a nivel aromático y sensorial al año de crianza (2017)

La barrica, en calidad de envase y elemento dinamico en la 
evolucion del vino, debe mantenerse limpia e higienizada 
para evitar que sustancias quimicas, fisicas o agentes biologicos 
interfieran en la correcta crianza del vino y lo alteren. 
Para un buen mantenimiento es necesario un enjuague 
seguido de una limpieza y una desinfeccion que destruya 
los germenes hasta niveles inofensivos. El metodo de 
regeneracion Barena elimina la pelicula de tartratos respetando 
la capa de tostado, abre el poro para permitir la 
micro-oxigenacion durante la crianza del vino y desinfecta 
en profundidad la barrica, todo sin desmontarla. Por otra 
parte, la barrica es un entorno activo donde el vino envejece 
y se enriquece en aromas. Con el tiempo estas propiedades 
se van perdiendo y la tecnologia empleada devuelve 
a la barrica usada muchas de las propiedades que tenian en 
un inicio, permitiendo una revalorizacion de las barricas 
usadas aumentando su tiempo de empleo en bodega. En el 
presente trabajo se han estudiado el efecto aromatico y 
sensorial en un lote de barricas francesas de diferentes 
edades por una parte, y sobre un ensayo a nivel de barricas 
americanas de diferentes edades por el otro, obteniendose 
resultados muy pertinentes en ambos casos.
Multisystem Component Phenotypes of Bipolar Disorder for Genetic Investigations of Extended Pedigrees (2014)

To our knowledge, this is the most extensive investigation of BP-relevant component phenotypes to date. Our results identify brain and behavioral quantitative traits that appear to be genetically influenced and show a pattern of BP-I association within families that is consistent with expectations from case-control studies. Together, these phenotypes provide a basis for identifying loci contributing to BP-I risk and for genetic dissection of the disorder.