gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LASER MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND HYPERFINE STRUCTURE IN THE $X^{2} \Pi$ STATE OF $CF^{\ast}$ (1981)

$^{1}$ Saykally, R. J. and Evenson, K. M., ``The Far-Infrared Laser Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of CF,'' 34th Symposium of Molecular Spectroscopy, Columbus, OH; June 1979; Paper TF-4. $^{*}$ Supported by NSF Grant $\#CHE-8007042.$
Reaction-time binning: A simple method for increasing the resolving power of ERP averages (2010)

Stimulus-locked, response-locked, and ERP-locked averaging are effective methods for reducing artifacts in ERP analysis. However, they suffer from a magnifying-glass effect: they increase the resolution of specific ERPs at the cost of blurring other ERPs. Here we propose an extremely simple technique-binning trials based on response times and then averaging-which can significantly alleviate the problems of other averaging methods. We have empirically evaluated the technique in an experiment where the task requires detecting a target in the presence of distractors. We have also studied the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolving power of averages with and without binning. Results indicate that the method produces clearer representations of ERPs than either stimulus-locked and response-locked averaging, revealing finer details of ERPs and helping in the evaluation of the amplitude and latency of ERP waves. The method is applicable to within-subject and between-subject averages.
42.4L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : 4 inch QVGA AMOLED Driven by the Threshold Voltage Controlled Amorphous GIZO (Ga <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐In <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐ZnO) TFT (2008)

Abstract We successfully fabricated GIZO (Ga 2 O 3 ‐In 2 O 3 ‐ZnO) TFTs with high mobility of 2.6 cm 2 /Vs and threshold voltage standard deviation of 0.7V which is comparable to that of a‐Si TFTs. Because conventional 5 mask process and bottom gate TFT structure of back channel etch type with channel length of 5 μm is used, it is expected to be transferred to mass production line in near future. Also we report the dependency of threshold voltage on the post process after the back surface of GIZO is exposed and suggest the effective method for controlling the threshold voltage of amorphous GIZO TFTs. Finally we demonstrate 4 inch QVGA AMOLED display driven by GIZO TFTs.
O,2-Dilithio derivative of allyl alcohol, a useful synthetic reagent (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTO,2-Dilithio derivative of allyl alcohol, a useful synthetic reagentE. J. Corey and Gary N. WidigerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 20, 2975–2976Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00908a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00908a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photoacoustic Imaging of Gene Expression in Small Animals In Vivo (2017)

Photoacoustic imaging is emerging as a promising modality for small animal imaging in vivo by exploiting a new molecular contrast mechanism—optical absorption. This chapter demonstrates the feasibility of imaging gene expression by photoacoustic imaging for the first time. The concept of using reporter genes that modulate optical absorption as an image contrast mechanism represents a new paradigm for gene expression imaging. While the lacZ reporter gene system used presently shows the principle of gene expression imaging with photoacoustic technology, it has its limitations. Photoacoustic imaging has seen great success in small animal imaging during its short history in two distinct formats: photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). A dual wavelength technique is used to image the targeted tumor after X-gal injection using PAM. Sensitivity analysis estimates that PAT is sensitive to micrometer-level concentrations of the blue product. The chapter measures the molar extinction spectrum of the blue product to determine an appropriate optical wavelength of illumination.
Capillary filling of single‐walled carbon nanotubes with ferrocene in an organic solvent (2008)

Abstract Capillary reactions of single‐walled carbon nanotubes have been investigated both in ferrocene‐saturated acetone and in ferrocene vapor. The encapsulations of ferrocene are observed as subsequent growth of inner shell tubes. From Raman spectroscopy we show that the filling yield is about ten times higher with the vapor filling. The inner tube – outer tube pair distributions are identical for both converted samples and different to the one grown from the fullerene precursor. The largest assigned inner shell tube from ferrocene is (11,0), which is not available from the fullerene precursor. This result is attributed to the catalytic growth mechanism enabling a wide diameter range of inner shell tubes. The solvent based filling provides for a quick analysis of possible molecule guest – nanotube host pairs with a moderate filling factor. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IgE Mimotopes of Birch Pollen Allergen Bet v 1 Induce Blocking IgG in Mice (2001)

Allergen mimotopes can be used for the induction of anti allergen IgG of desired specificity. We propose that mimotope immunotherapy based on IgE mimotopes generated by biopannings may represent a future concept for therapy of type I allergy.
Psychromonas japonica sp. nov., Psychromonas aquimarina sp. nov., Psychromonas macrocephali sp. nov. and Psychromonas ossibalaenae sp. nov., psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from sediment adjacent to sperm whale carcasses off Kagoshima, Japan (2008)

Four novel species of psychrotrophic bacteria were isolated from sediment adjacent to sperm whale carcasses off Kagoshima, Japan, at a depth of 228-250 m. Cells of the five isolated strains, JAMM 0394(T), JAMM 0404(T), JAMM 0415(T), JAMM 0700 and JAMM 0738(T), were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-sporulating and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. The novel strains were able to produce isoprenoid quinone Q-8 as the major component. The predominant fatty acids were C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strains represent a separate lineage within the genus Psychromonas. The G+C contents of the novel strains were 38.8-42.8 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values between these strains and reference strains of the genus Psychromonas were significantly lower than that generally accepted as the threshold for the phylogenetic definition of species. The names Psychromonas japonica sp. nov. (type strain JAMM 0394(T)=JCM 14783(T)=ATCC BAA-1525(T)), Psychromonas aquimarina sp. nov. (type strain JAMM 0404(T)=JCM 14784(T)=ATCC BAA-1526(T)), Psychromonas macrocephali sp. nov. (two strains, type strain JAMM 0415(T)=JCM 14785(T)=ATCC BAA-1527(T)) and Psychromonas ossibalaenae sp. nov. (type strain JAMM 0738(T)=JCM 14786(T)=ATCC BAA-1528(T)) are proposed.
Ensiling agroindustrial waste prior to anaerobic digestion: a solution for long term storage (2016)

Communication orale
Modelling and Design of Antennas for Ground-Penetrating Radar Systems (2002)

This thesis addresses the problem of stand-off ground-penetrating radar (GPR) antenna systems, which are principally used in demining applications. The detection of buried target is difficult due to fundamental limitations. Electromagnetic signals are highly attenuated in soil and the attenuation increases with frequency. Depth resolution on the target can only be achieved with broadband systems. As a consequence, the requirements on the antenna are severe. Antennas having a large bandwidth and a clean radiated response are needed to achieve depth resolution of the target. Moreover, stand-off systems such as the one used in demining applications require sufficient gain characteristics and mobility. The physics behind the GPR problem is complicated due to the large number of parameters affecting the radiation and reception of electromagnetic signals. Natural soils are often inhomogeneous and the close environment creates a considerable amount of clutter. Modelling techniques play an important role in understanding the electromagnetic wave propagation in natural ground. They are very useful in the design of antenna systems. The above issues are addressed in two different investigation routes. One route of investigation looks at the design of directive broadband antennas. The other route of investigation concerns the way of enhancing the modelling capabilities of GPR antenna problems. A novel stand-off antenna is proposed. The structure is resistively loaded and resembles a skeleton TEM horn. The design of the TEM horn antenna is undertaken by using an equivalent transmission line model. The structure is optimised to meet the design goals. Prototypes of the derived antenna are built and used within a real GPR system. GPR images of mines are obtained using the prototypes. Additionally, the agreement between measurements and predictions is good. Concerning the second route of investigation of this project, a hybrid method based on plane wave spectra interactions is introduced. The method enables field prediction of a GPR situation. It is based on splitting the complete problem into two sub-geometries. One geometry represents the antenna and the other represents the ground with buried targets. Each sub-geometry is analysed independently. Field prediction is undertaken by merging the two sub-geometries via a plane wave spectra formulation. The proposed hybrid method is validated with a dipole and a TEM horn antenna problem. Good agreement is found between the Method of Moment results and the hybrid method results.
A Principlist Approach for Thinking About the Social Impacts of Engineering (2016)

Abstract An important and recent report created by the National Academies and the Institute of Medicine highlights an emerging shift in thinking about the process of technology development. The report, commissioned by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), focused new attention on the conversation about societal impacts of engineering, particularly the designing and implementation of new technologies. This report suggests a need for changes in both the content of the conversation about societal impacts of engineering that now includes broader issues such as social justice and autonomy and in the participants of that conversation. These changes raise an important question for engineering educators: “How do we best prepare engineering students to participate in the changing conversation about the societal and ethical impacts of their profession?” Developing an answer requires a rethinking of paradigms and pedagogies for teaching about professional responsibilities and communication, especially with the broader range of stakeholder communities impacted by the engineering of new and emerging technologies. We propose that the conceptual power of mid-level normative principles provides a rigorous framework for a process-based engagement of engineers with ethical reasoning in a diverse community of participants. It opens space for engineers to even more richly understand the complexity of both direct and indirect societal impacts resulting from their work. Thus, in this paper we argue that Reflexive Principlism, an approach to ethical reasoning applied reflectively in the engineering context, is an important component of a response to these challenges. The specification and balancing of principles essential to Reflexive Principlism requires a dialogic reflectivity among codes, cases, and the perspectives and potential concerns of diverse stakeholders. Developing an answer to the question of appropriate pedagogy certainly will involve significant dialogic interactions between engineering educators and educators in several disciplines in the humanities. Although some key engineering educators are focusing the emphasis of their work on these issues, the terms, discourse communities, and practices associated with the literature on autonomy and social justice, for example, most often come from other disciplines and are not readily ascertainable by engineering students or faculty. As complex societal and ethical issues like these are gaining emphasis in engineering contexts, engineering professionals as well struggle to frame their thinking and find effective language for the necessary broader communication. In this paper we describe how Reflexive Principlism provides a framework within which engineers can responsibly and effectively communicate about the changing content and with a more diverse range of participants in the conversation concerning the potential impacts of engineering on society.
Answering Yes/No Questions via Question Inversion (2012)

This paper investigates a solution to yes/no question answering, which can be mapped to the task of determining the correctness of a given proposition. Generally it is hard to obtain explicit evidence to conclude a proposition is false from an information source, so we convert this task to a set of factoid-style questions and use an existing question answering system as a subsystem. By aggregating the answers and confidence values from a factoid-style question answering system we can determine the correctness of the entire proposition or the substitutions that make the proposition false. We evaluated the system on multiple-choice questions from a university admission test on world history, and found it to be highly accurate.
Protein-sphingolipid interactions within cellular membranes (2007)

Each intracellular organelle critically depends on maintaining its specific lipid composition that in turn contributes to the biophysical properties of the membrane. With our knowledge increasing about the organization of membranes with defined microdomains of different lipid compositions, questions arise regarding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the targeting to/segregation from microdomains of a given protein. In addition to specific lipid-transmembrane segment interactions as a basis for partitioning, the presence in a given microdomain may alter the conformation of proteins and, thus, the activity and availability for regulatory modifications. However, for most proteins, the specific lipid environment of transmembrane segments as well as its relevance to protein function and overall membrane organization are largely unknown. To help fill this gap, we have synthesized a novel photoactive sphingolipid precursor that, together with a precursor for phosphoglycerolipids and with photo-cholesterol, was investigated in vivo with regard to specific protein transmembrane span-lipid interactions. As a proof of principle, we show specific labeling of the ceramide transporter with the sphingolipid probe and describe specific in vivo interactions of lipids with caveolin-1, phosphatidylinositol transfer protein beta, and the mature form of nicastrin. This novel photolabile sphingolipid probe allows the detection of protein-sphingolipid interactions within the membrane bilayer of living cells.
Combined quantification of intracellular (phospho-)proteins and transcriptomics from fixed single cells (2019)

Environmental stimuli often lead to heterogeneous cellular responses and transcriptional output. We developed single-cell RNA and Immunodetection (RAID) to allow combined analysis of the transcriptome and intracellular (phospho-)proteins from fixed single cells. RAID successfully recapitulated differentiation-state changes at the protein and mRNA level in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, we show that differentiated keratinocytes that retain high phosphorylated FAK levels, a feature associated with stem cells, also express a selection of stem cell associated transcripts. Our data demonstrates that RAID allows investigation of heterogeneous cellular responses to environmental signals at the mRNA and phospho-proteome level.
Surface sulfonamide modification of poly(<i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide)‐based block copolymer micelles to alter pH and temperature responsive properties for controlled intracellular uptake (2018)

Two different surface sulfonamide-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based polymeric micelles were designed as pH-/temperature-responsive vehicles. Both sulfadimethoxine- and sulfamethazine-surface functionalized micelles were characterized to determine physicochemical properties, hydrodynamic diameters, zeta potentials, temperature-dependent size changes, and lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) in both pH 7.4 and 6.8 solutions (simulating both physiological and mild low pH conditions), and tested in the incorporation of a proof-of-concept hydrophobic antiproliferative drug, paclitaxel. Cellular uptake studies were conducted using bovine carotid endothelial cells and fluorescently labeled micelles to evaluate if there was enhanced cellular uptake of the micelles in a low pH environment. Both variations of micelles showed enhanced intracellular uptake under mildly acidic (pH 6.8) conditions at temperatures slightly above their LCST and minimal uptake at physiological (pH 7.4) conditions. Due to the less negative zeta potential of the sulfamethazine-surface micelles compared to sulfadimethoxine-surface micelles, and the proximity of their LCST to physiological temperature (37°C), the sulfamethazine variation was deemed more amenable for clinically relevant temperature and pH-stimulated applications. Nevertheless, we believe both polymeric micelle variations have the capacity to be implemented as an intracellular drug or gene delivery system in response to mildly acidic conditions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1552-1560, 2018.
Tracking of Polycarbonate Films using Low-energy Ions Final Report CRADA No. TC-774-94 (2018)

Ion tracking is performed almost exclusively using ions with energies near or above the maximum in electronic stopping. For the present study, we have examined the results of etching ion tracks created by ions bombarding polycarbonate films with energies corresponding to stopping well below the maximum and just above the anticipated threshold for creating etchable latent tracks. Low-energy neon and argon ions with 18-60 keV /amu and fluences of about 108/cm2 were used to examine the limits for producing etchable tracks in polycarbonate films. By concentrating on the early stages of etching (i.e., -20 nm < SEM hole diameter < -100 nm), we can directly relate the energy deposition calculated for the incident ion to the creation of etchable tracks. The experimental results will be discussed with regard to the energy losses of the ions in the polycarbonate films and to the formation of continuous latent tracks through the entire thickness the films. These results have significant implications with respect to the threshold for formation of etchable tracks and to the use of low-energy ions for lithographic applications.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND ELECTROPHILIC TRAPPING OF 7‐LITHIATED BENZOXAZOLES GENERATED VIA BENZYNE CYCLIZATION (1982)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der m‐Fluoranilide (I) mit Butyllithium (II) und Elektrophilen führt zu den Benzoxazolen (III), (IV) bzw. (V).
Three-dimensional gradient-index optics via injketaided additive manufacturing techniques (2015)

The ability to correct for monochromatic aberrations without the need for complex geometry has made gradient-index optics an attractive area of research, but manufacturing challenges have limited their application to a select few areas. In this study, a novel method for fabricating gradient-index lenses using inkjet solid free form three-dimensional printed optical polymers is proposed. A flat gradient-index lens based on the fabrication constraints is optimized using a powerful customized design synthesis tool. Cross-sectional views of its continuous index profile and a representative binary pixel-map are shown.
The Stability of Free Radicals in Densely Crosslinked Acrylate Polymer Networks (2001)

The four types of crosslinked polymer samples based on pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA) and propylene glycol-425-diacetoacetate (PGDAA) were prepared in two steps. At first the Michael dark addition of vinyl groups of PETA to PGDAA results in polymer network (cf. Scheme 1). The higher conversion of residual vinyl monomer and pendant double bonds built up in the Michael network was achieved by a photo-initiated free radical polymerization in the second step of polymer network synthesis. The lifetime of trapped radicals was estimated by following the decay of radicals in the dark period of intermittent illumination directly in the resonator cavity of ESR spectrometer. The determined values of bimolecular termination rate constants kt are of order 10–1 to 102 kg/mol·s in dependence on composition, structure of network, and environment. It was observed that oxygen facilitates the decay of free radicals. The kt values are of about 1 to 2 decimal orders higher than that determined in nitrogen. Moreover, as in each subsequent light–dark cycle the kt was increased, we believe that it is a consequence of enhancement the diffusion of free radicals by assisted oxygen chain reaction with formation of hydroperoxides. The exception is the sample B with the highest final crosslinks density and conversion of monomers to network. More tightly trapped free radicals were present in polymer networks photo-cured in nitrogen. The kt values in all four types of networks decreased in each consecutive light–dark cycle.
Birnessite-type manganese oxide–alkylamine mesophases obtained by intercalation and their thermal behaviour (2003)

Layered birnessite-type manganese oxide inserts alkylamines (decylamine–octadecylamine) by ion-exchange and intercalation mechanisms and the concomitant expansion is compatible with formation of a head-to-tail layer of interdigitated amine. The structural arrangement of the MnO2–alkylamine mesophases is sensitive to temperature, and at a temperature dependent on the chain length of the intercalated alkylamine, undergoes a phase transition to a more highly expanded phase. The basal spacing of the more expanded phases formed at higher temperature indicates that de-interdigitation occurs to give a bilayer organisation of neutral and protonated alkylamine species. The phase transition temperature is identified by differential scanning calorimetry. X-Ray absorption spectroscopy shows that while the local structure around manganese is not affected by intercalation, it provides evidence that this transition is accompanied by partial lowering of the oxidation state of manganese and migration of manganese into the interlayer region. This phase transition is reminiscent of some of those observed in phospholipid membranes, but seems to represent a new phenomenon for inorganic intercalates.