gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ammonia as Alkali for ASP Floods – Comparison to Sodium Carbonate (2015)

Ammonia is logistically preferred over sodium carbonate for alkaline-surfactant-polymer enhanced oil recovery projects (ASP) due to its low molar mass and the possibility for it to be delivered as a liquid. On an offshore platform space and weight savings can be the determining factor in deciding whether an ASP project is feasible. Logistics may also be critical in determining the economic feasibility of projects in remote locations. Ammonia as alkali together with a surfactant blend of alkylpropoxy sulfate – internal olefin sulfonate (APS/IOS) functions as an effective alkali. Surfactant adsorption is low and oil recovery in core floods is high. Static adsorption tests show that low surfactant adsorption is attained at pH &gt; 9, a condition that ammonia satisfies at low solution concentration. It is expected that ammonia has a performance deficiency relative to sodium carbonate in that it does not precipitate calcium from solution. Calcium accumulation in the ammonia ASP solution will occur due to ion exchange from clays. The high oil recovery for ammonia and the calcium accumulation in ASP and SP core floods with APS-IOS blends shows that this surfactant system is effective and calcium-tolerant. Also, phase behavior and IFT measurements suggest that APS/IOS blends remain effective in the presence of calcium. EO/PO sulfates (such as the employed APS) are known commercially available, calcium-tolerant surfactants. However, due to hydrolysis sulfate-type surfactants are suitable for use only in lower temperature reservoirs. Very different behavior was noticed for phase behavior measurements with calcium intolerant surfactants such as alkyl benzene sulfonates (ABS) and internal olefin sulfonates (IOS). In this case calcium addition results in a very high IFT and complete separation of oil and brine. Presumably this will result in low oil recovery. A preferred approach for ASP offshore with divalent ion intolerant surfactants may be the use of a hybrid alkali system combining the attributes of sodium carbonate and ammonia. The concept is to supply the bulk of the alkalinity for an ASP flood by ammonia with all the inherent logistical advantages. A minor quantity of sodium carbonate is added to the formulation to specifically precipitate calcium ions.
Yeast Two‐hybrid Reveals a Potato Polypyrimidine Tract Binding (PTB) Protein Interacts with a Nova‐like Protein (2012)

PTB proteins are RNA‐binding proteins that contain four RNA recognition motifs. In potato, four PTB‐like genes, designated as PTB1, PTB6, TC201749 and PTB7, have been identified. In plants, these proteins play an important role in alternative splicing. In order to understand the multifunctional role of PTB proteins of plants we performed yeast two‐hybrid screening using PTB1 protein as bait. PTB1 protein was found to interact with a Nova‐like protein, termed StNova‐like protein. Nova (neuron‐oncological ventral antigen) protein is a RNA‐binding protein that contains three K‐homology domains. In humans, these proteins play an important role in regulation of neuronal RNA metabolism but the role of Nova‐like proteins in plants has not been explored. In this study, the StNova‐like gene has been cloned into the pMAL‐c2E vector, expressed in T7 express cells and purified over Ni‐NTA resin. Further, putative interactions between StPTB proteins and StNova were confirmed by pull‐down experiments and by blue‐native PAGE. Using a random 21‐mer phage‐peptide library, we also identified a consensus peptide sequence motif [S/G][I/L][L/I][S] that binds to PTB1, suggesting that the PTB1 protein might be interacting with the [S][I][I][S] sequence present in StNova‐like protein. Our studies suggest that in plants, Nova‐like proteins may be involved in processes of RNA metabolism mediated by PTB proteins.
Acquisition by innervated cardiac myocytes of a pertussis toxin-specific regulatory protein linked to the alpha 1-receptor (1985)

During development, the chronotropic response of rat ventricular myocardium to alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation changes from positive to negative. The alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine increases the rate of contraction of neonatal rat myocytes cultured alone but decreases the rate of contraction when the myocytes are cultured with functional sympathetic neurons. The developmental induction of the inhibitory myocardial response to alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation in intact ventricle and in cultured myocytes was shown to coincide with the functional acquisition of a substrate for pertussis toxin. A 41-kilodalton protein from myocytes cultured with sympathetic neurons and from adult rat myocardium showed, respectively, 2.2- and 16-fold increases in pertussis toxin-associated ADP-ribosylation (ADP, adenosine diphosphate) as compared to controls. In nerve-muscle cultures, inhibition of the actions of this protein by pertussis toxin-specific ADP-ribosylation reversed the mature inhibitory alpha 1-adrenergic response to an immature stimulatory pattern. The results suggest that innervation is associated with the appearance of a functional pertussis toxin substrate by which the alpha 1-adrenergic response becomes linked to a decrease in automaticity.
Tunable Electrophoretic Separations Using a Scalable, Fabric-Based Platform (2015)

There is a rising need for low-cost and scalable platforms for sensitive medical diagnostic testing. Fabric weaving is a mature, scalable manufacturing technology and can be used as a platform to manufacture microfluidic diagnostic tests with controlled, tunable flow. Given its scalability, low manufacturing cost (<$0.25 per device), and potential for patterning multiplexed channel geometries, fabric is a viable platform for the development of analytical devices. In this paper, we describe a fabric-based electrophoretic platform for protein separation. Appropriate yarns were selected for each region of the device and weaved into straight channel electrophoretic chips in a single step. A wide dynamic range of analyte molecules ranging from small molecule dyes (<1 kDa) to macromolecule proteins (67-150 kDa) were separated in the device. Individual yarns behave as a chromatographic medium for electrophoresis. We therefore explored the effect of yarn and fabric parameters on separation resolution. Separation speed and resolution were enhanced by increasing the number of yarns per unit area of fabric and decreasing yarn hydrophilicity. However, for protein analytes that often require hydrophilic, passivated surfaces, these effects need to be properly tuned to achieve well-resolved separations. A fabric device tuned for protein separations was built and demonstrated. As an analytical output parameter for this device, the electrophoretic mobility of a sedimentation marker, Naphthol Blue Black bovine albumin in glycine-NaOH buffer, pH 8.58 was estimated and found to be -2.7 × 10(-8) m(2) V(-1) s(-1). The ability to tune separation may be used to predefine regions in the fabric for successive preconcentrations and separations. The device may then be applied for the multiplexed detection of low abundance proteins from complex biological samples such as serum and cell lysate.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Use of Tetra‐n‐butylammonium Perruthenate (TBAP reagent) and Tetra‐n‐propylammonium Perruthenate (TPAP reagent) as New Catalytic Oxidants for Alcohols. (1988)

Abstract Catalytic oxidation of the alcohols (VI), (VIII), and (XII) with the tetraalkylammonium tetraoxoruthenates(VII) (III) in the presence of N‐methylmorpholine N‐oxide as a co‐oxidant gives the aldehydes (VII) and (XIII) or the ketone (IX).
Chemical Composition of Old World Bluestem Grasses as Affected by Cultivar and Maturity (1988)

Old world bluestem (OWB) grasses (Bothriochloa spp.) have been used for herbage in the southern Great Plains for over 60 years, but release of new, well-adapted cultivars has led to a dramatic increase in use of these grasses in Oklahoma and adjacent areas during the last 15 years. Little information is available on the chemical composition of OWB grasses. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the chemical composition of OWB grasses as affected by cultivar and maturation. Forage samples for chemical analyses were obtained from a 2-year field experiment conducted on a Kirkland silt loam soil (Udertic Paleustoll). Ten harvest dates (1-week interval between harvests) and 3 plant parts (whole plant, leaf, and stem) were imposed by split-split plot arrangement on established stands of 'Caucasian', 'Ganada', 'Plains', and 'WW-Spar' bluestem. Responses of variables were neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and crude protein (CP). Concentrations of NDF, ADF, and ADL increased in whole plant and stem samples during the 10-week sampling periods of both years. Quadratic equations best described changes in ADF during both years and in NDF and ADL in 1983, whereas linear equations best fitted changes in NDF and ADL in 1982. Concentration of NDF in leaves changed very little with maturation, but its change in whole plant and stems paralleled that described for ADF and ADL. Concentrations of CP decreased in all plant parts through harvest date eight (11-week old growth), with the changes best described by quadratic equations. Changes in all constituents were less affected by advancing maturity in leaves than in stems. Maturity had a much greater effect on concentration of all the chemical constituents than did cultivar. Initial concentrations of NDF in all plant parts exceeded the level (ca 600 g kg-1) at which intake would likely be affected. Concentrations of CP also declined to levels by the 5th to 6th harvest dates, particularly in whole plant and stem parts, insufficient to supply daily requirements for most classes of mature beef cattle. The results point to the need to maintain and utilize these grasses to the extent possible in a juvenile, actively growing state to provide nutrition for growing livestock.
Adiabatic refocusing pulse which compensates for variable of power and off‐resonance effects (1987)

Adiabatic 180 degrees inversion rf pulses can be converted to 180 degrees refocusing pulses by inverting the effective field midway during the pulse. Suitable pulses retain insensitivity to large variations in the rf field strength and act over a reasonable spectral width. Such pulses may find application in studies utilizing surface coils.
3A13 Evaluation of Ride Comfort with Electromyogram (2010)

In this paper, correlation between surface Electromyogram (EMG) signal and lateral acceleration of the car was studied to examine the possibility of EMG as an indicator of ride comfort. As a physiological signal, recently surface EMG has been used as an objective indicator in some researches. In our study, the EMG measuring experiments are conducted with a normal car and its modified car. Two different cars make a driving slalom in the test course, and a subject sat in a rear seat. Surface EMG signals of Sternocleidomastoid muscles on both sides of the neck are measured. It is found that the values of EMG signals of opposite sides to the direction of car acceleration are growing. In addition, the results show a tendency that root mean square (RMS) value of EMG gets smaller when the acceleration is smaller.
&lt;title&gt;Clear coatings for plastics&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

This paper is a general overview of optical coatings and optical coating processes for plastic. It details the basic operations and concepts in these areas. A description of coating methods, properties and possible uses are presented.
Submarine channel initiation, filling and maintenance from sea‐floor geomorphology and morphodynamic modelling of cyclic steps (2013)

Abstract Advances in acoustic imaging of submarine canyons and channels have provided accurate renderings of sea‐floor geomorphology. Still, a fundamental understanding of channel inception, evolution, sediment transport and the nature of the currents traversing these channels remains elusive. Herein, Autonomous Underwater Vehicle technology developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute provides high‐resolution perspectives of the geomorphology and shallow stratigraphy of the San Mateo canyon‐channel system, which is located on a tectonically active slope offshore of southern California. The channel comprises a series of crescent‐shaped bedforms in its thalweg. Numerical modelling is combined with interpretations of sea‐floor and shallow subsurface stratigraphic imagery to demonstrate that these bedforms are likely to be cyclic steps. Submarine cyclic steps compose a morphodynamic feature characterized by a cyclic series of long‐wave, upstream‐migrating bedforms. The bedforms are cyclic steps if each bedform in the series is bounded by a hydraulic jump in an overriding turbidity current, which is Froude‐supercritical over the lee side of the bedform and Froude‐subcritical over the stoss side. Numerical modelling and seismic‐reflection imagery support an interpretation of weakly asymmetrical to near‐symmetrical aggradation of predominantly fine‐grained net‐depositional cyclic steps. The dominant mode of San Mateo channel maintenance during the Holocene is interpreted to be thalweg reworking into aggrading cyclic steps by dilute turbidity currents. Numerical modelling also suggests that an incipient, proto‐San Mateo channel comprises a series of relatively coarse‐grained net‐erosional cyclic steps, which nucleated out of sea‐floor perturbations across the tectonically active lower slope. Thus, the interaction between turbidity‐current processes and sea‐floor perturbations appears to be fundamentally important to channel initiation, particularly in high‐gradient systems. Offshore of southern California, and in analogous deep‐water basins, channel inception, filling and maintenance are hypothesized to be strongly linked to the development of morphodynamic instability manifested as cyclic steps.
Fascicular constrictions above elbow typify anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (2019)

AINS is a noncompressive neuropathy characterized by median nerve FCs in the arm.
High-precision radiometer of infrared radiation (2011)

Microprocessor radiometer with two-channel diaphragmatic optical system for high-precision measurements in infrared wave band (2–25 µm) is designed. The radiometer allows for measuring the surface temperature in 10–500°C range with maximum error not exceeding 0.5% and ensures viewing angle of 1:50. Certain results of using the radiometer in biomedical research are provided.
Nonpolar<i>a</i>-Plane AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors Grown on Freestanding GaN Substrate (2011)

We fabricated and characterized nonpolar a-plane AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) grown on an a-plane freestanding GaN substrate. By optimizing the growth conditions, the unintentionally doped oxygen concentration was much reduced in the a-plane GaN buffer layer. As a result, the low leakage current in the buffer layer was realized without doping of deep acceptors, such as Fe and C, by which an impurity-contamination-free channel layer can be successfully grown. A maximum drain current of 220 mA/mm at a gate source voltage of +3.0 V, an on resistance of 10.4 mΩ·cm2, and a threshold voltage of -1.6 V were realized.
Water/Polymer Interactions in a Poly(amidoamine) Hydrogel Studied by NMR Spectroscopy (2007)

Samples of PAAH1, a cross-linked polymer belonging to the family of poly(amidoamine)s, were investigated at different hydration levels by means of 13C and 1H NMR techniques in order to obtain information on water/polymer interactions. Carbonyl oxygens and amine nitrogens were identified as the main sites of interaction giving hydrogen bonding with water molecules. The polymer turned out to be uniformly plasticized already at moderate degrees of swelling. The hydration process was found to occur in a stepwise manner, with the first batch of water saturating a hydration layer and additional water filling the polymer meshes. The proportion of water in the different states was quantitatively determined.
The Conceptual Design of a Noninvasive Solids-Free Drill-in Fluid (2005)

Designing drill in fluids which can guarantee minimum invasion into the reservoir rock is a must for open hole completion wells. The industry has proposed several ideas to deal with the problem, most of them based on adding bridging agents to the fluid formulation. Such agents would block pores near the well bore and, consequently, prevent additional fluid to invade the rock, but often require acid treatment for their removal.A different concept is proposed for controlling invasion in this article: designing a polymer based fluid which would generate extremely high friction losses when flowing through a porous media without generating extra losses while flowing in the well. In this case the fluid would present proper flow and solids transport properties in the well and would not invade the rock formation.Experimental results obtained with the flow of different polymer solutions through consolidated inert porous media show that the viscoelastic behavior of fluids can be a major restriction to fluid invasion. Based on a viscoelastic resistive force proposition for the porous media, flow characterizarion maps defining viscous flow, elastic flow and viscoelastic flow regions are obtainedThis article deals with the optimization of the drilling fluid viscoelastic parameters, such as the first normal stress difference and the extensional viscosity, aimining the minimization of fluid invasion through oil reservoirs. The arrival of this rheology controlled invasion concept brings to the polymer manufacturers a new challenge: the development of a highly viscoelastic polymer with non damaging behavior and adequate wellbore properties.
Fusing Global and Local Scale for Semantic Image Segmentation (2011)

The Hierarchical Conditional Random Field (HCRF) model have been successfully applied to a num- ber of image labeling problems, including image segmenta- tion. However, existing HCRF models of image segmenta- tion do not allow multiple classes to be assigned to a single region, which limits their ability to incorporate contextual information across multiple scales. At higher scales in the image, this representation yields an oversimplified model since multiple classes can be reasonably expected to appear within large regions. This simplified model particularly lim- its the impact of information at higher scales. Since class- label information at these scales is usually more reliable than at lower, noisier scales, neglecting this information is undesirable. To address these issues, we propose a new con- sistency potential for image labeling problems, which we call the harmony potential. It can encode any possible com- bination of labels, penalizing only unlikely combinations of classes. We also propose an effective sampling strategy over this expanded label set that renders tractable the underlying optimization problem. Our approach obtains state-of-the- art results on two challenging, standard benchmark datasets
Novel Therapies to Tumor Suppression with Influence of HSP90, Molecular Switch, Quantum Dots Techniques (2017)

Cancer known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a broad group of various diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. Not all tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors do not grow uncontrollably, do not invade neighboring tissues, and do not spread throughout the body. There are over 200 different known cancers that afflict humans. The molecular chaperone Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a promising target in cancer therapy. Preclinical and clinical evaluations of a variety of Hsp90 inhibitors have shown anti-tumor effect as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. Current Hsp90 inhibitors are categorized into several classes based on distinct modes of inhibition, including (i) blockade of ATP binding, (ii) disruption of co-chaperone/Hsp90 interactions, (iii) antagonism of client/Hsp90 associations and (iv) interference with post-translational modifications of Hsp90. Currently synthetic molecular switches are of interest in the field of nanotechnology for application in molecular computers. Molecular switches are also important to in biology because many biological functions are based on it, for instance allosteric regulation and vision. Quantum dots (QDs) are nanometer-size luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals. Their unique optical properties, such as high brightness, long-term stability, simultaneous detection of multiple signals and tunable emission spectra, make them appealing as potential diagnostic and therapeutic systems in the field of oncology.
The formation and reactivity of HOC+: Interstellar implications (1985)

CHO+ ions are made by electron impact on CD3OH in the source (ICR1) of a tandem ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer. These ions are injected into a differentially pumped analysis cell (ICR2) where they are reacted with a number of small molecules. The internal energy distribution in the CHO+ ions is obtained using total reactivity studies with neutral molecules of varying proton affinities. About 40% of the CHO+ ions react with D2 either by proton transfer to form D2H+ or isotopic exchange to form CDO+ ions. A series of experiments are performed that conclusively show these ions are the HOC+ isomer and the exchange is due to the catalytic isomerization reaction HOC++D2→DCO++HD which is approximately 37 kcal/mol exothermic. The product DCO+ ions are vibrationally cool indicating the reaction releases most of its energy as kinetic energy. Absolute rate constants for reactions of CHO+ ions with the neutrals 13CO, 15N2, CO2, O2, D2, and Ar are reported. HOC+ reacts with D2 at about 30% of the collision rate. This rate decreases with increasing HOC+ kinetic energy in the range 0.025 to 0.44 eV. The two products of the reaction are D2H+/CO and DCO+/HD with DCO+/HD comprising ∼42% of the products for the HOC+ ions formed from CD3OH. Phase space theory calculations are performed to determine the barrier to catalytic isomerization. The data are best fit with a barrier between 0.0 and −0.05 eV relative to the HOC+/D2 asymptotic energy. A barrier of this magnitude yields reaction rate constants at interstellar temperatures of at least 10% of the collision rate constant (i.e., k&amp;gt;1×10−10 cm3/s), and could explain why so little HOC+ is observed in interstellar clouds.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia Associated With Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature (2005)

A case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALH) is reported in a 33-year-old woman who developed an auricular nodule during the second trimester of her pregnancy. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia usually occurs on the head and neck of young adults and is more common in women than in men. Characteristic histologic features of ALH present in this case included proliferation of thick-walled blood vessels lined by prominent endothelial cells, infiltration of the interstitium by chronic inflammatory cells (mainly eosinophils), and presence of lymphoid follicles with germinal centers. The auricular tumor was completely excised. Thirteen months after excision, the patient remains tumor free. Although there are not many case reports on ALH during pregnancy or involving use of oral contraceptive pills, sex hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis of ALH. This hypothesis, in the context of cases previously described in the literature, and the differential diagnosis of ALH are discussed.