gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Resolved Optical Transmission and Reflectivity of Pulsed-Ruby-Laser Irradiated Crystalline Silicon (1982)

The time-resolved optical transmission and reflectivity of $n$-type crystalline silicon has been observed during and after pulsed-laser irradiation. The transmission goes to zero, and remains at zero, during the period of enhanced reflectivity, contradicting reports of earlier experiments. Our measurements are in quantitative agreement with results of thermal melting model calculations and with known optical properties of molten silicon.
Influence of reduced tillage and fertilization regime on crop performance and nitrogen utilization of organic potato (2015)

The majority of Dutch farmers perceive that mouldboard ploughing prior to potato planting is necessary, despite its negative impacts on inherent soil fertility and soil structure. An innovative agronomic practice in Dutch organic agriculture is the use of cut-and-carry fertilizers with which above-ground biomass of crops with high nitrogen content (e.g. grass/clover) is harvested and transferred to other fields as plant-based fertilizers. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of two tillage systems (reduced tillage (RT), standard tillage (ST)) and three organic fertilizer amendments (solid cattle manure (SCM), lucerne pellets (LP), grass/clover silage (GCS)) on crop performance and nitrogen utilization of organic potato. Use of RT decreased tuber yield by 13.4 % compared to ST due to lower average tuber size which was related to higher soil bulk density and increased vulnerability to drought stress during tuber bulking. On the other hand, use of RT positively affected nitrogen utilization and tuber quality in terms of specific gravity, dry matter and starch contents. However, the price premium associated with enhanced tuber quality may not offset the observed yield gap between RT and ST. Plant-based fertilizers enhanced nitrogen utilization in terms of apparent nitrogen recovery compared to animal-based. Although use of LP resulted in the highest yield for both tillage systems, its high price may be cost-inhibitive. An integrated approach taking into account N release patterns, environmental conditions, final yields, and production costs is needed in order to optimize resource use efficiency and overall profitability for farmers.
Microlens‐coupled endoscopic imaging probe without beam expanding spacer (2013)

Developed is a new form of ball lens onto the tip of an optical fibre for endoscopic imaging and its feasibility is evaluated. This miniaturised fibre‐optic imaging probe extends its working distance without inserting a physical spacer between the cleaved fibre and the microlens as done in conventional probes. The experiment was analysed and showed that the results concur with the simulation results. Finally, this optical probe was tested with a spectral domain optical coherence tomography and the images of thin layers of the phantom specimen are taken for comparison.
Characterization of the Metabolic Flux and Apoptotic Effects of O-Hydroxyl- and N-Acyl-modified N-Acetylmannosamine Analogs in Jurkat Cells (2004)

The supplementation of the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway with exogenously supplied N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) analogs has many potential biomedical and biotechnological applications. In this work, we explore the structure-activity relationship of Man-NAc analogs on cell viability and metabolic flux into the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway to gain a better understanding of the fundamental biology underlying "glycosylation engineering" technology. A panel of ManNAc analogs bearing various modifications on the hydroxyl groups as well as substitutions at the N-acyl position was investigated. Increasing the carbon chain length of ester derivatives attached to the hydroxyl groups increased the metabolic efficiency of sialic acid production, whereas similar modification to the N-acyl group decreased efficiency. In both cases, increases in chain length decreased cell viability; DNA ladder formation, Annexin V-FITC two-dimensional flow cytometry assays, caspase-3 activation, and down-regulation of sialoglycoconjugate-processing enzymes established that the observed growth inhibition and toxicity resulted from apoptosis. Two of the panel of 12 analogs tested, specifically Ac(4)ManNLev and Ac(4) ManNHomoLev, were highly toxic. Interestingly, both of these analogs maintained a ketone functionality in the same position relative to the core monosaccharide structure, and both also inhibited flux through the sialic acid pathway (the remainder of the less toxic analogs either increased or had no measurable impact on flux). These results provide fundamental insights into the role of sialic acid metabolism in apoptosis by demonstrating that ManNAc analogs can modulate apoptosis both indirectly via hydroxylgroup effects and directly through N-acyl-group effects.
Spatially resolved measurement of lattice damage in alpha-particle-irradiated type IIa natural diamond by confocal photoluminescence microscopy (1994)

Confocal fluorescence microscopy has been used to measure the three-dimensional distribution of the H3 color center produced in type IIa natural diamonds by 5 MeV He+ irradiation at a total fluence of 8×1015 cm−2. The peak of the H3 emission occurs 16 μm below the surface of the irradiated side of the diamond, which is in fair agreement with the peak of the vacancy distribution predicted by a Monte Carlo calculation (transport of ions in matter or trim). The H3 distribution is broader in the direction normal to the surface (10 μm full width at half maximum) than the trim calculation. This is attributed to diffusion of vacancies caused by self-annealing during irradiation.
An Automated System for Measuring Electric Field Distributions Within a Vehicle (2012)

An automated, low-field disturbance probe positioning system for measuring 3-D electric field distributions inside vehicles or similar resonant environments is described. Correlations between measured and simulated electric field distributions for a simple rectangular cavity demonstrate that the probe positioner has little impact on the measured field levels. Comparisons between measurements and simulations for a real vehicle indicate that the predicted field population distributions are within the estimated uncertainties of the measurements.
Characterization and computational simulation of human Syx, a RhoGEF implicated in glioblastoma (2021)

Abstract Structural discovery of guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) protein complexes is likely to become increasingly relevant with the development of new therapeutics targeting small GTPases and development of new classes of small molecules that inhibit protein-protein interactions. Syx (also known as PLEKHG5 in humans) is a RhoA GEF implicated in the pathology of glioblastoma (GBM). Here we investigated protein expression and purification of ten different human Syx constructs and performed biophysical characterizations and computational studies that provide insights into why expression of this protein was previously intractable. We show that human Syx can be expressed and isolated and Syx is folded as observed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and actively binds to RhoA as determined by co-elution during size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This characterization may provide critical insights into the expression and purification of other recalcitrant members of the large class of oncogenic — Diffuse B-cell lymphoma (Dbl) homology GEF proteins. In addition, we performed detailed homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations on the surface of a physiologically realistic membrane. These simulations reveal novel insights into GEF activity and allosteric modulation by the plekstrin homology (PH) domain. These newly revealed interactions between the GEF PH domain and the membrane embedded region of RhoA support previously unexplained experimental findings regarding the allosteric effects of the PH domain from numerous activity studies of Dbl homology GEF proteins. This work establishes new hypotheses for structural interactivity and allosteric signal modulation in Dbl homology RhoGEFs.
Free radical reactions of organomercurials (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree radical reactions of organomercurialsJose Barluenga and Miguel YusCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 3, 487–509Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00085a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00085a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views620Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical equipment identification method in infrared images based on VGG (2023)

Abstract Temperature is widely used to detect the state of electric equipment. Almost all the data is collected and sorted. And image analyzed by manual, which cause some trouble. In order to improve the intelligence level of power equipment detection, this paper proposes an infrared scene identification method for 220 kV current transformers, including target identification, temperature extraction, and image fusion. Firstly, a semantic segmentation model is built on VGG, which can effectively extract the target temperature information in complex environments. Then combined with the method of data set expansion, 3224 images of 220 kV current transformers were used for training. Finally, an image fusion method is used to extract equipment temperature. The experimental show that the method proposed in this paper for semantic segmentation and identification of 220 kV current transformers accuracy reaches 99.68%. In contrast, the traditional CNN identification method is 44%, effectively improving the target identification efficiency of 220 kV current transformers and has a good reference for electric equipment intelligence detection.
Should angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors be used to improve outcome in patients with coronary artery disease and 'preserved' left ventricular function? (2006)

Early clinical studies investigating the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure unexpectedly demonstrated a possible reduction in coronary heart disease endpoints. Two large scale clinical trials, HOPE and EUROPA, both studies in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) but without clinical evidence of heart failure, showed a highly significant improvement in coronary heart disease outcomes on treatment with ramipril and perindopril, respectively, in contrast, in a similar population, PEACE was unable to demonstrate such benefit with trandolapril. Meta-analyses of all trials involving ACE-inhibitors showed a highly significant improvement in coronary heart disease endpoints. Current ESC guidelines recommend ACE-inhibitor therapy in CAD patients with co-existing indications for ACE-inhibitors, such as hypertension, heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, prior MI was left ventricular dysfunction, or diabetes (class I, level of evidence A). These guidelines also recommend ACE-inhibitor therapy in all patients with angina and proven coronary disease (class IIa, level of evidence B). However, in angina patients without independent indication for ACE-inhibitor treatment, the anticipated benefit should be weighted against the costs and risks of side effects; in these patients, only agents and doses of proven efficacy for secondary prevention should be employed.
Rpp2, an essential protein subunit of nuclear RNase P, is required for processing of precursor tRNAs and 35S precursor rRNA in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1998)

RPP2, an essential gene that encodes a 15.8-kDa protein subunit of nuclear RNase P, has been identified in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rpp2 was detected by sequence similarity with a human protein, Rpp20, which copurifies with human RNase P. Epitope-tagged Rpp2 can be found in association with both RNase P and RNase mitochondrial RNA processing in immunoprecipitates from crude extracts of cells. Depletion of Rpp2 protein in vivo causes accumulation of precursor tRNAs with unprocessed introns and 5' and 3' termini, and leads to defects in the processing of the 35S precursor rRNA. Rpp2-depleted cells are defective in processing of the 5.8S rRNA. Rpp2 immunoprecipitates cleave both yeast precursor tRNAs and precursor rRNAs accurately at the expected sites and contain the Rpp1 protein orthologue of the human scleroderma autoimmune antigen, Rpp30. These results demonstrate that Rpp2 is a protein subunit of nuclear RNase P that is functionally conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans.
Alterations in pp60c-src accompany differentiation of neurons from rat embryo striatum. (1987)

Cultured neurons from rat embryo striatum were found to contain two structurally distinct forms of pp60c-src. The 60-kilodalton (kDa) form appeared similar to pp60c-src from cultured rat fibroblasts or astrocytes. The 61-kDa form was specific to neurons and differed in the NH2-terminal 18 kDa of the molecule. In undifferentiated neurons the predominant phosphorylated species of pp60c-src was the fibroblast form. Upon differentiation, a second phosphorylated form of pp60c-src was detected. This form had two or more additional sites of serine phosphorylation within the NH2-terminal 18-kDa region of the molecule, one of which was Ser-12. The specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the total pp60c-src population increased 14-fold, as measured by autophosphorylation, or 7-fold, as measured by phosphorylation of an exogenous substrate, as striatal neurons differentiated. This elevation in protein kinase activity occurred without a detectable decrease in Tyr-527 phosphorylation or increase in Tyr-416 phosphorylation. Our results support the idea that the expression of the neuron-specific form of pp60c-src and the increase in specific protein kinase activity may be important for neuronal differentiation.
Impact of the Gate Dielectric on Contact Resistance in High‐Mobility Organic Transistors (2019)

Abstract The impact of the gate dielectric on contact resistance in organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) is investigated using electrical characterization, bias‐stress stability measurements, and bandgap density of states (DOS) analysis. Two similar dielectric materials, namely Cytop and poly[4,5‐difluoro‐2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3‐dioxole‐ co ‐tetrafluoroethylene] (Teflon AF2400), are tested in top‐gate bottom‐contact OTFTs. The contact resistance of Cytop‐based OTFTs is found to be greater than that of the AF2400‐based devices, even though the metal/OSC interface remains identical in both systems. The Cytop devices are also found to perform worse in bias‐stress stability tests which, along with the DOS calculations, suggests that charge trapping at the OSC/dielectric interface is more prevalent with Cytop than AF2400. This increased charge trapping at the Cytop OSC/dielectric interface appears to be associated with the higher contact resistance in Cytop OTFTs. Differences in the molecular structure between Cytop and AF2400 and the large difference in the glass transition temperature of the two polymers may be responsible for the observed difference in the transistor performance. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the gate dielectric material in the quest for better performing OTFTs and integrated circuits.
A strategy to isolate the switching device fault of a current regulated motor drive (2002)

An improved induction motor control topology is proposed which allows for continuous, disturbance-free operation of the drive with a failed short-circuited switch in one leg of the inverter. The approach utilizes low-cost thyristor/fuse technology to isolate the shorted switch, thereby permitting continued operation either by connecting the phase previously experiencing the fault back to the center point of the DC bus or, when insufficient voltage is available, by connecting the neutral back to the center point of the DC bus and simply operating with the two healty phases. The analysis of this control strategy and computer simulation are presented. Experimental results are used to verify the simulation results. A complete control strategy combined with short-circuit fault and open-circuit fault is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Femtosecond pulse shaping (1989)

Over the last ten years or so there has been a great deal of research into the production of ultrashort pulses of light from laser systems, and it is now possible to produce pulses with a width as low as a few femtoseconds (10–15s) in the visible wavelength range. Particular interest has arisen in creating solitons – short nonlinear pulses that can travel for long distances without significant distortion Now A M Weiner and colleagues at Bellcore, New Jersey, have reported in physical Review Letters (61 2445) the first experimental observation of a 'fundamental' dark soliton in an optical fibre – in other words, a brief and carefully shaped absence of light.
Circadian Melatonin Rhythm and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Parkinson Disease (2014)

Circadian dysfunction may underlie excessive sleepiness in PD. The nature of this association needs to be explored further in longitudinal studies. Approaches aimed to strengthen circadian function, such as timed exposure to bright light and exercise, might serve as complementary therapies for the nonmotor manifestations of PD.
Protective effects of anti-antiidiotypic IgE antibodies obtained from an IgE monoclonal antibody specific for a 26-kilodalton <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> antigen. (1989)

A rat IgE mAb specific for larval Ag (26 kDa, 56 kDa) has been shown to protect rats against Schistosoma mansoni infection. Immunizations of Lou/M rats performed with this IgE (Ab1) induced the production of antiidiotypic antibodies (Ab2). Moreover, after this Ab2 production, anti-antiidiotypic antibodies (Ab3) were revealed. The screening of Ab3 isotypes showed the presence of IgG Ab3 and more interestingly of IgE Ab3, i.e., the same isotype as Ab1. These IgE and IgG antibodies recognized predominantly the 26-kDa Ag and were cytotoxic for schistosomula in the presence of platelets for IgE Ab3 and eosinophils for IgG Ab3. Both IgE and IgG Ab3 conferred by passive transfer protective immunity to infected rats (up to 50%). Thus the immunization with an IgE mAb led in part to the production of Ab3 of the same isotype as Ab1. In conclusion, these results suggest that the isotype selection of the antibodies of the third generation (Ab3) might be influenced by the Ab1. The respective role of the idiotope and isotype of Ab1 in isotype regulation is discussed.
Bizancio, en la cúspide: Justiniano (2008)

More than 20 distinct gene loci have so far been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration of motor neurons (MN) and death. Most of this distinct set of ALS-related proteins undergoes toxic deposition specifically in MN for reasons which remain unclear. Here we overview a recent body of evidence indicative that mutations in ALS-related proteins can disrupt fundamental Ca(2+) signalling pathways in MN, and that Ca(2+) itself impacts both directly or indirectly in many ALS critical proteins and cellular processes that result in MN neurodegeneration. We argue that the inherent vulnerability of MN to dysregulation of intracellular Ca(2+) is deeply associated with discriminating pathogenicity and aberrant crosstalk of most of the critical proteins involved in ALS. Overall, Ca(2+) deregulation in MN is at the cornerstone of different ALS processes and is likely one of the factors contributing to the selective susceptibility of these cells to this particular neurodegenerative disease.
Dielectric Constant of Liquids Confined in the Extended Nanospace Measured by a Streaming Potential Method (2015)

Understanding liquid structure and the electrical properties of liquids confined in extended nanospaces (10–1000 nm) is important for nanofluidics and nanochemistry. To understand these liquid properties requires determination of the dielectric constant of liquids confined in extended nanospaces. A novel dielectric constant measurement method has thus been developed for extended nanospaces using a streaming potential method. We focused on the nonsteady-state streaming potential in extended nanospaces and successfully measured the dielectric constant of liquids within them without the use of probe molecules. The dielectric constant of water was determined to be significantly reduced by about 3 times compared to that of the bulk. This result contributes key information toward further understanding of the chemistry and fluidics in extended nanospaces.
The Relationship Between Time Structure and Boredom Proneness: An Investigation Within Two Cultures (1999)

Abstract The relationship between time structure and boredom proneness was examined within 2 cultures. University students from Ireland and the United States completed the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS; R. Farmer & N. D. Sundberg, 1986), the Time Structure Questionnaire (TSQ; M. J. Bond & N. T. Feather, 1988), and a demographic questionnaire. Results indicated that time structure had a significant effect on boredom proneness scores. Greater time use scores were related to lower boredom proneness scores in the Irish sample but to higher boredom proneness scores in the U.S. sample. Gender was a significant predictor of boredom proneness in the U.S. sample, with men associated with higher boredom scores than women. However, gender was not a significant factor among the Irish.
Specific cytogenetic changes in ovarian cancer involving chromosomes 6 and 14. (1980)

Cytogenetic studies were performed in 12 papillary serous adenocarcinomas of the ovary. Of the more than 19 clonal structural chromosome abnormalities observed in these cancers, 6q- and 14q+ were found to be the most frequent. Both markers coexisted in the cells of eight cases; in the other four cases, either a 6q- or 14q+ was present. In at least six cases, the additional segment on the long arm of chromosome 14 appeared to originate, on the basis of the chromosomal quantity and fluorescence pattern, from the missing part of chromosome 6. This suggested that the 6q- and 14q+ markers had arisen as a result of a reciprocal translocation at Bands q21 and q24, respectively, i.e., t(6;14)(q21;q24). However, it is uncertain in the remaining six cases whether an identical type of translocation was responsible for the formation of the markers. Thus, abnormalities involving chromosomes 6 and 14 seem to be specifically associated with papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary.
Supplementary Tables from Hallmark Circulating Tumor-Associated Cell Clusters Signify 230 Times Higher One-Year Cancer Risk (2023)

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