gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of multi-pad surface electrode: Selective stimulation of wrist (2009)

We developed a method for automatic detection of the optimal contact within a multi-pad surface electrode that could be used for wrist tremor reduction in individuals with Parkinson's Disease or Essential Tremor. This method is based on custom designed program that determines the optimal contact position, i.e. the position on the skin that is closest to the flexor/extensor muscle motor point. The method also takes into account patients' comfort, as the contacts that produce painful contractions or stimulate sensory pathways are eliminated from the selection process.
Comparative Studies on Performance Parameters andExhaust Emissions from Four Stroke Copper CoatedSpark Ignition Engine with Alcohol Blended Gasolinewith Catalytic Converter (2013)

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and control the exhaust emissions from four stroke, variable speed, variable compression ratio, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 10% methanol, 10% ethanol by volume) having copper coated combustion chamber [CCCC, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown, inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) and exhaust emissions (carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC)) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine. A microprocessor-based analyzer was used for the measurement of CO/UBHC in the exhaust of the engine. Copper coated combustion chamber with alcohol blended gasoline considerably improved the performance and reduced pollutants in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced pollutants with test fuels on both configurations of the combustion chamber. The catalyst, sponge reduced the pollutants effectively with both test fuels in both versions of the combustion chamber.
Discovery of the subsite specificity of Candida albicans Sap1 and Sap2 and the design of potent peptidomimetic inhibitors (2005)

This thesis is focused on enzymatic studies of the secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) from Candida albicans as a tool for discovery of anti-candida drugs. C. albicans causes infections in a number of different locations, which differ widely in the protein substrates available and pH. Since C. albicans needs Saps during virulent growth, these enzymes are good targets for drug development. In order to investigate the catalytic characteristics of Saps and their inhibitor affinities, substrate-based kinetic assays were developed. Due to the low sensitivity of these assays, especially at the sub-optimal pH required to mimic the different locations of infections, these assays were not satisfactory. Therefore, a biosensor assay was developed whereby, it was possible to study interaction between Saps and inhibitors without the need to optimise catalytic efficacy. Furthermore, the biosensor assay allowed determination of affinity, as well as the individual association and dissociation rates for inhibitor interactions. Knowledge about substrate specificity, Sap subsite adaptivity, and the pH dependencies of catalytic efficacy has been accumulated. Also, screening of transition-state analogue inhibitors designed for HIV-1 protease has revealed inhibitors with affinity for Saps. Furthermore, the kinetics and pH dependencies of their interaction with Saps have been investigated. One of these inhibitors, BEA-440, displayed a complex interaction with Saps, indicating a conformational change upon binding and a very slow dissociation rate. A time dependent interaction was further supported by inhibition measurements. The structural information obtained affords possibilities for design of new more potent inhibitors that might ultimately become drugs against candidiasis. The strategy to combine substrate specificity studies with inhibitor screening has led to complementary results that generate a framework for further development of potent inhibitors.
A CRISPR screen identifies a pathway required for paraquat-induced cell death (2017)

Paraquat, a herbicide linked to Parkinson's disease, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes cell death. Because the source of paraquat-induced ROS production remains unknown, we conducted a CRISPR-based positive-selection screen to identify metabolic genes essential for paraquat-induced cell death. Our screen uncovered three genes, POR (cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase), ATP7A (copper transporter), and SLC45A4 (sucrose transporter), required for paraquat-induced cell death. Furthermore, our results revealed POR as the source of paraquat-induced ROS production. Thus, our study highlights the use of functional genomic screens for uncovering redox biology.
Dynamic-scale model construction from range imagery (1998)

The construction of a surface model from range data may be undertaken at any point in a continuum of scales that reflects the level of detail of the resulting model. This continuum relates the construction parameters to the scale of the model. We propose methods to dynamically reprocess range data at different scales. The construction result from a single scale is automatically evaluated, causing reconstruction at a different scale when user-defined criteria are not met. We demonstrate our methods in constructing a planar b-rep space envelope (a scene representation) for over 400 range images. The experiments demonstrate the ability to construct 100 percent valid models, with the scale of detail within specified requirements.
Angiostatic activity of obtustatin as α1β1 integrin inhibitor in experimental melanoma growth (2008)

The presented results show the effect of targeting of collagen receptor, alpha1beta1 integrin expressed on the endothelial cells on the development of experimental melanoma and pathological angiogenesis. Obtustatin, a snake venom KTS-disintegrin, was applied as a specific inhibitor of this integrin. This low molecular weight peptide revealed a potent therapeutic effect on melanoma progression in 2 animal systems, mouse and quail. Its oncostatic effect was related to the inhibition of angiogenesis. Obtustatin inhibited the neovascularization ratio on the CAM embryo of quail, which was pathologically induced by the developing tumor. The i.v. administration of obtustatin completely blocked cancer growth of MV3 human melanoma in nude mice. In B16F10 syngeneic mouse model treatment with the disintegrin revealed a lower effect, although the development of the tumor was significantly reduced for both dosages. The mechanism of obtustatin action is related to the blocking of microvascular endothelial cell proliferation, which undergoes apoptosis in caspase-dependent manner. Summarizing, we present studies of low molecular weight disintegrin, obtustatin as a potential therapeutic compound for treatment of melanoma that contain a high level of vascularization.
Spatio-Temporal Sampling And Distributed Compression Of The Sound Field (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Breeding for resistance to ear rot of maize, caused by <i>Stenocarpella maydis</i> (Berk) Sutton. 2. Inheritance of resistance (2002)

The inheritance of resistance to ear rot, caused by Stenocarpella maydis, was investigated using a complete diallel cross of 10 inbred lines, ranging from resistant to susceptible. Parents, F1 crosses and reciprocals were evaluated at each of three localities, representative of different environments within the South African maize production area. Plants were artificially inoculated twice during the vegetative stages of development. Based on the incidence of rotted ears, resistance to S. maydis was found to be controlled by additive gene effects with low dominance and interaction effects. Sufficient GCA and SCA effects existed in the resistant inbred lines to serve as donor parents for the improvement of susceptible germplasm. Inbreds D0620Y and MON1 showed good general combining ability for resistance whereas inbreds B37 and E739 were noted for specific combining ability. Sources of variation that could be employed to breed for improved husk cover and ear declination were identified. However, it was shown that these would not necessarily contribute towards resistance. Genotype × environment effects were pronounced, indicating the necessity to conduct resistance evaluations in a variety of localities.
Differential SLC6A4 methylation: a predictive epigenetic marker of adiposity from birth to adulthood (2019)

These data suggest that altered methylation of CpG loci within SLC6A4 may provide a robust marker of adiposity across the life course.
Negative Thermal Expansion in Discotic Liquid Crystals of Nanographenes (2009)

Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivatives show a record high negative volumetric thermal expansion coefficient within the crystalline phase. Responsible for the negative thermal expansion is the increase of the tilt angle and the improved packing of the discotic cores with temperature and this has implications in the design of organic electronic devices as well as in advanced nanocomposites with controlled thermal properties.
Mediation by the Androgen Receptor of the Stimulatory and Antiandrogenic Actions of 17β-Estradiol on the Growth of Androgen-Sensitive Shionogi Mammary Carcinoma Cells in Culture (1988)

Increasing concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) led to a maximal 7-fold stimulation of growth of the highly androgen-sensitive clone (SEM-1) of the mammary carcinoma Shionogi cell line. Half-maximal stimulation by the estrogen was observed at 100 nM E2. Diethylstilbestrol (DES), on the other hand, a synthetic estrogen with no affinity for the androgen receptor, had no significant stimulatory effect on cell growth but caused growth inhibition at concentrations above 1 microM. Mediation of the action of E2 by the androgen receptor is indicated by the absence of interference of E2 action by the antiestrogen LY156758 while the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide (3 microM) caused a 50% inhibition of E2 action. While increasing concentrations of E2 led to a progressive increase in cell growth, a progressive shift in the ED50 value of action of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was observed at intermediate (10-100 nM) concentrations of E2 while 10 microM E2 completely inhibited DHT action. At those high E2 concentrations, however, E2 itself led to a stimulation of cell growth equivalent to approximately 50% of the maximal value achieved by DHT. E2 competed with the specific uptake of [3H]testosterone in intact cells at an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 15 nM, thus indicating direct interaction of E2 with the androgen receptor. Preincubation with E2 had no influence on the apparent affinity of testosterone for the androgen receptor nor on the number of androgen binding sites. The present data demonstrate that both the stimulatory and antiandrogenic action of E2 on the growth of the androgen-sensitive mammary carcinoma cell line SEM-1 are mediated through direct interaction of the estrogen with the androgen receptor. Such data may offer an explanation for the subjective improvements reported in prostate cancer patients receiving a high dose of E2 when relapsing after castration.
The role of serotonin in craving: from basic research to human studies. (1999)

Increasing evidence suggests that craving may play a central role in the mechanisms of addiction. The experience of craving is largely characterized by obsessional thoughts about drugs, triggering compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviour. In the present article the possible involvement of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the mechanisms of craving and relapse is discussed by integrating the results of basic research with those obtained in human studies. Based on studies suggesting that the brain serotonergic system plays a central role in the regulation of impulse-control mechanisms, it is proposed that 5-HT deficiency may contribute to the loss of control over drug-taking, which is a crucial factor for the maintenance of addictive behaviour.
Pyridyl Phosphinites and Pyridyl Phosphites from Chiral Pyridyl Alcohols — A Modular Approach (2003)

Abstract Chiral arylated pyridyl alcohols, pyridyl phosphinites and pyridyl phosphites were prepared by Suzuki arylation and/or O ‐functionalization with a chlorodiarylphosphane or a chlorodiarylphosphite of chiral 2‐bromo‐6‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl)pyridines or 2‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl)pyridines, with the chirality originating from the chiral pool. The pyridyl alcohols were assessed as catalysts for the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde and the P,N‐ligands were employed in the palladium‐catalysed substitutions of rac ‐1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propenyl acetate and rac ‐2‐cyclohexenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate. Moderate enantioselectivities were observed in the catalytic reactions. We observed kinetic resolution of the racemic acetate when using one of the phosphite ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Automated, scaled, transposon-based production of CAR T cells (2022)

We report on the first automated transposon-based manufacturing process for CAR T cells that is ready for formal validation and use in clinical manufacturing campaigns. This process and platform have the potential to facilitate access of patients to CAR T cell therapy and to accelerate scaled, multiplexed manufacturing both in the academic and industry setting.
The Cycloaddition of Carbonyl‐Flanked Methylene Bridges—A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Metallacycles (1982)

Abstract The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982 , 434. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198204340
<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Urinary Stone Comminution with a Clinical Burst Wave Lithotripsy System (2020)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Our goals were to validate stone comminution with an investigational burst wave lithotripsy (BWL) system in patient-relevant conditions and to evaluate the use of ultrasonic propulsion to move a stone or fragments to aid in observing the treatment endpoint. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The Propulse-1 system, used in clinical trials of ultrasonic propulsion and upgraded for BWL trials, was used to fragment 46 human stones (5-7 mm) in either a 15-mm or 4-mm diameter calix phantom in water at either 50% or 75% dissolved oxygen level. Stones were paired by size and composition, and exposed to 20-cycle, 390-kHz bursts at 6-MPa peak negative pressure (PNP) and 13-Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF) or 7-MPa PNP and 6.5-Hz PRF. Stones were exposed in 5-minute increments and sieved, with fragments >2 mm weighed and returned for additional treatment. Effectiveness for pairs of conditions was compared statistically within a framework of survival data analysis for interval censored data. Three reviewers blinded to the experimental conditions scored ultrasound imaging videos for degree of fragmentation based on stone response to ultrasonic propulsion. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 89% (41/46) and 70% (32/46) of human stones were fully comminuted within 30 and 10 minutes, respectively. Fragments remained after 30 minutes in 4% (1/28) of calcium oxalate monohydrate stones and 40% (4/10) of brushite stones. There were no statistically significant differences in comminution time between the two output settings (<i>p</i> = 0.44), the two dissolved oxygen levels (<i>p</i> = 0.65), or the two calyx diameters (<i>p</i> = 0.58). Inter-rater correlation on endpoint detection was substantial (Fleiss' kappa = 0.638, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), with individual reviewer sensitivities of 95%, 86%, and 100%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Eighty-nine percent of human stones were comminuted with a clinical BWL system within 30 minutes under conditions intended to reflect conditions <i>in vivo</i>. The results demonstrate the advantage of using ultrasonic propulsion to disperse fragments when making a visual determination of breakage endpoint from the real-time ultrasound image.
Toward a protein profile of <i>Escherichia coli</i> : Comparison to its transcription profile (2003)

High-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to obtain a protein profile of Escherichia coli strain MG1655 grown in minimal medium with glycerol as the carbon source. By using cell lysate from only 3 x 108 cells, at least four different tryptic peptides were detected for each of 404 proteins in a short 4-h experiment. At least one peptide with a high reliability score was detected for 986 proteins. Because membrane proteins were underrepresented, a second experiment was performed with a preparation enriched in membranes. An additional 161 proteins were detected, of which from half to two-thirds were membrane proteins. Overall, 1,147 different E. coli proteins were identified, almost 4 times as many as had been identified previously by using other tools. The protein list was compared with the transcription profile obtained on Affymetrix GeneChips. Expression of 1,113 (97%) of the genes whose protein products were found was detected at the mRNA level. The arithmetic mean mRNA signal intensity for these genes was 3-fold higher than that for all 4,300 protein-coding genes of E. coli. Thus, GeneChip data confirmed the high reliability of the protein list, which contains about one-fourth of the proteins of E. coli. Detection of even those membrane proteins and proteins of undefined function that are encoded by the same operons (transcriptional units) encoding proteins on the list remained low.
JPMorgan Chase London Whale E: Supervisory Oversight (2014)

As a diversified financial service provider and the largest United States bank holding company, JPMorgan Chase (JPM) is supervised by multiple regulatory agencies. JPM’s commercial bank subsidiaries hold a national charter and therefore are regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). Since the bank’s Chief Investment Office (CIO) invested the surplus deposits of JPM’s commercial bank units, the OCC was also CIO’s primary regulator. During the critical period from late January through March 2012, when CIO traders undertook the failed derivatives strategy that ultimately cost the bank $6 billion, JPM did not provide the OCC with required monthly reports that included CIO performance data and CIO’s internal reviews of the fair values assigned by traders to their derivative positions. However, OCC supervisors also failed to request the missing data, and thus found themselves surprised by the April 6 news stories unmasking the London Whale.
Enhancing The Undergraduate Experience: Measuring Film Thicknesses Using A Helium Ion Beam (2011)

Students performed Rutherford back scattering (RBS) experiments using 1.5 MeV helium ion (+1) beam from a Van de Graaff accelerator. The ion beam was incident normally on target samples located in a scattering chamber. The samples were single and multilayered thin films on substrate, prepared using a vacuum evaporator. The scattered ions were measured using a particle detector located at 150° from incident beam direction. The elastically scattered particle energies were predicted from kinematical scattering factor (derived using conservation of energy and momentum) and experimentally verified. Using samples of known elemental thicknesses, the data was normalized and thicknesses of layers in unknown samples determined. For multilayer samples, the scattered particle spectra were analyzed for particle yield per ion, energy shift in the centroid and energy at the leading edge for the elemental peak. The Rutherford scattering formula and the kinematical scattering factor together with the energy loss of the helium ion through the various layers were used to identify elemental layers, their positions and thicknesses. The multilayer films were identified as gold‐tungsten‐tin (Au‐W‐Sn). The normalization procedure allowed the thicknesses to be determined with uncertainties of a few percent.
A comprehensive study on the mechanical properties of super carbon nanotubes (2008)

Super carbon nanotubes (STs) are a kind of hierarchical structure built by carbon nanotubes (called CNT arm tubes). Due to their complicated structure, the mechanical properties of STs are difficult to predict. In this work, an invariability phenomenon is uncovered in the mechanical properties of STs: both the in-plane stiffness and the shear stiffness of STs are independent of the ST chirality or CNT arm tube chirality. The bending rigidities of STs are also studied. From the in-plane stiffness and bending rigidity, the equivalent thickness of STs is calculated and found to be approximately a linear function of the CNT arm tube aspect ratio.
Intraoperative neuromonitoring alerts in a pediatric deformity center (2017)

OBJECTIVE Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) involves the use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and transcranial electric motor evoked potentials (TceMEPs). In this retrospective study the authors examined the sensitivity and specificity of both SSEPs and TceMEPs during pediatric spinal deformity surgeries. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective quantitative analysis of data obtained in 806 patients (197 males and 609 females) treated from December 2011 until October 2015. All patients were diagnosed with scoliosis that was classified as one of the following: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) (38%), congenital scoliosis (22%), or syndromic scoliosis (40%). Also, 53 patients underwent vertebral column resection (VCR). All surgeries were monitored by high-level neuromonitoring specialists and were performed with total intravenous anesthesia. Alerts were described as a decrease in amplitude by 50% or greater (bilateral or unilateral) in SSEPs, TceMEPs, or both. RESULTS True-positive alerts for TceMEPs were observed in 60 of the 806 patients (7.4%). True-positive alerts for SSEPs were observed in 7 of the 806 patients (0.9%). In contrast, there were no false-positive or false-negative outcomes. Only 1 case (0.1%) was reported with a permanent postoperative deficit. No reported false negatives or false positives were observed, and thus sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 93%-100% for TceMEPs. The rate of sensitivity was 13.2% and the rate of specificity was 100% for SSEPs. The breakdown of total alert was as follows: 6.6% in AIS cases, 24.5% in congenital scoliosis cases, and 10.2% in syndromic scoliosis cases. Neurological injury rates were significantly lower than in previous studies, as there were 0% for AIS cases (p = 0.12), 0.6% for congenital scoliosis cases (p = 0.17), and 0% for syndromic scoliosis cases (p = 0.07). One injury in a patient with congenital scoliosis occurred during a VCR procedure, which brought the injury rate to 1.9% (p < 0.005). IONM alerts occurred during 34% of rod/correction cases, 25% of thoracic screw placements, 20% of the osteotomies, 17% of the resections, 3% of the cage insertions, and 2% of the sublaminar wiring procedures. CONCLUSIONS The authors hypothesize that the results of this study will support the necessity, as a standard of care, of multimodality neuromonitoring during high-risk pediatric spinal deformity surgery because of the decrease in postoperative deficits. Their data suggest that the TceMEPs are more sensitive than SSEPs, but when used in combination, they offer the patient a level of safety that would otherwise not exist. Last, these findings support the notion that better outcomes are achieved with high-level IONM professionals.
16 Gbit/s direct modulation of an InGaAsP laser (1987)

We describe the first 16Gbit/s electronic multiplexer and use it to measure the characteristics of a high-speed directly modulated InGaAsP 1-3/wn-wavelength laser and a high-speed InGaAs/InP PIN photodetector. The laser rise and fall times are typically 35 ps and 40 ps, respectively. The largest eye opening occurs at an output power of 10mW with an optical extinction ratio of 2-3:1.