gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from A Novel Platinum(II)–Based Bifunctional ADC Linker Benchmarked Using &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-Desferal and Auristatin F–Conjugated Trastuzumab (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Greater control is desirable in the stochastic conjugation technology used to synthesize antibody–drug conjugates (ADC). We have shown recently that a fluorescent dye can be stably conjugated to a mAb using a bifunctional platinum(II) linker. Here, we describe the general applicability of this novel linker technology for the preparation of stable and efficacious ADCs. The ethylenediamine platinum(II) moiety, herein called &lt;i&gt;Lx&lt;/i&gt;, was coordinated to Desferal (DFO) or auristatin F (AF) to provide storable “semifinal” products, which were directly conjugated to unmodified mAbs. Conjugation resulted in ADCs with unimpaired mAb-binding characteristics, DAR in the range of 2.5 to 2.7 and approximately 85% payload bound to the Fc region, presumably to histidine residues. To evaluate the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; stability of &lt;i&gt;Lx&lt;/i&gt; and its effect on pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting of an ADC, &lt;i&gt;Lx&lt;/i&gt;-DFO was conjugated to the HER2 mAb trastuzumab, followed by radiolabeling with &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr. Trastuzumab-&lt;i&gt;Lx&lt;/i&gt;-DFO-&lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr was stable &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and exhibited pharmacokinetic and tumor-targeting properties similar to parental trastuzumab. In a xenograft mouse model of gastric cancer (NCI-N87) or an ado-trastuzumab emtansine-resistant breast cancer (JIMT-1), a single dose of trastuzumab-&lt;i&gt;Lx&lt;/i&gt;-AF outperformed its maleimide benchmark trastuzumab-Mal-AF and FDA-approved ado-trastuzumab emtansine. Overall, our findings show the potential of the &lt;i&gt;Lx&lt;/i&gt; technology as a robust conjugation platform for the preparation of anticancer ADCs. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(2); 257–67. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Rayleigh convection in permafrost soils: The origins of polygonal stone nets (1985)

The concept of schizotypal personality disorder has been heavily discussed since its introduction into the official classification of mental disorders in DSM-III. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference between schizotypal personality disorder within and outside the genetic spectrum of schizophrenia. Schizotypals with and without schizophrenic cotwins and first-degree relatives were compared, with individuals with other mental disorders and no mental disorders as controls. It appeared that only inadequate rapport and odd communication were more pronounced among schizotypals within, compared to schizotypals outside the schizophrenic spectrum. Schizotypals outside the schizophrenic spectrum, however, scored higher than schizotypals inside the schizophrenic spectrum on ideas of reference, suspiciousness, paranoia, social anxiety, self-damaging acts, chronic anger, free-floating anxiety and sensitivity to rejection. Interestingly, the four last features are seldom observed among schizotypals inside the schizophrenic spectrum. Monozygotic non-schizophrenic cotwins of schizophrenics score high on inadequate rapport, odd communication, social isolation and delusions/hallucinations. Monozygotic non-schizophrenic cotwins of schizotypals outside the schizophrenic genetic spectrum score high on illusions, depersonalization, derealization and magical thinking. Negative schizotypal features appear to be inside the schizophrenic spectrum, while positive borderline-like features are outside having another genetic endowment.
Speckle-noise suppression using electro-optical cell with helix- free ferroelectric LC (2016)

The authors develop an original and promising method of suppressing the speckle- noise in images generated by a laser beam by means of a compact despeckler based on an electro-optical cell with the smectic ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC), realizing spatially inhomogeneous phase modulation of light. The mechanisms of destruction of the phase relations in the laser beam passing through a cell with helix-free FLC are discussed. The electric field induces the light scattering and small-scale randomly distributed gradients of the refractive index in FLC layer. The features and benefits of a despeckler using helix-free FLC compared to helix FLC are indicated.
Non-PmrA-mediated multidrug resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae (2002)

The PmrA multidrug transporter protein gene was inactivated in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains CP1000 (wild-type) and EBR (mutant with enhanced active multidrug efflux). While the resistance to fluoroquinolones and ethidium bromide shown by EBR was reduced to the wild-type level, neither the susceptibility to reserpine in the presence of ethidium bromide and selected fluoroquinolones, nor the ability to produce ethidium bromide-resistant mutants was eliminated in the CP1000 pmrA mutant, indicating the presence of an additional multidrug export protein(s).
Intermittent Connectivity for Exploration in Communication-Constrained\n Multi-Agent Systems (2019)

Motivated by exploration of communication-constrained underground\nenvironments using robot teams, we study the problem of planning for\nintermittent connectivity in multi-agent systems. We propose a novel concept of\ninformation-consistency to handle situations where the plan is not initially\nknown by all agents, and suggest an integer linear program for synthesizing\ninformation-consistent plans that also achieve auxiliary goals. Furthermore,\ninspired by network flow problems we propose a novel way to pose connectivity\nconstraints that scales much better than previous methods. In the second part\nof the paper we apply these results in an exploration setting, and propose a\nclustering method that separates a large exploration problem into smaller\nproblems that can be solved independently. We demonstrate how the resulting\nexploration algorithm is able to coordinate a team of ten agents to explore a\nlarge environment.\n
Prediction of the tertiary structure of the α‐subunit of tryptophan synthase (1987)

The tertiary structure of the alpha-subunit of tryptophan synthase was proposed using a combination of experimental data and computational methods. The vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum was used to assign the protein to the alpha/beta-class of supersecondary structures. The two-domain structure of the alpha-subunit (Miles et al.: Biochemistry 21:2586, 1982; Beasty and Matthews: Biochemistry 24:3547, 1985) eliminated consideration of a barrel structure and focused attention on a beta-sheet structure. An algorithm (Cohen et al.: Biochemistry 22:4894, 1983) was used to generate a secondary structure prediction that was consistent with the sequence data of the alpha-subunit from five species. Three potential secondary structures were then packed into tertiary structures using other algorithms. The assumption of nearest neighbors from second-site revertant data eliminated 97% of the possible tertiary structures; consideration of conserved hydrophobic packing regions on the beta-sheet eliminated all but one structure. The native structure is predicted to have a parallel beta-sheet flanked on both sides by alpha-helices, and is consistent with the available data on chemical cross-linking, chemical modification, and limited proteolysis. In addition, an active site region containing appropriate residues could be identified as well as an interface for beta 2-subunit association. The ability of experimental data to facilitate the prediction of protein structure is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: The “ipso” Effect of Silicium in the Acylation of m‐Trimethylsilylanisole. (1988)

Abstract Acylation of m‐trimethylsilylanisole (I) using benzoyl chloride (II) or acetyl chloride (VII) gives the distribution of products as shown in the reaction scheme.
Epoxy-Based SiC Composites with Non-Linear Electrical Properties for Field Grading Applications (2021)

Different methods of dispersion for fabrication of SiC/epoxy resin composites were studied in order to obtain an homogeneous filler dispersion. Composites with different filler concentration were also fabricated in order to develop the nonlinear electrical conductivity. The filler concentration was between 0-30 vol%. The thickness of composites was 300 μm. The composites were characterized using a current-voltage technique with an applied voltage between 35-12500 V. The effects of the filler concentration in the nonlinear behavior of materials is presented.
Massive MIMO under Double Scattering Channels: Power Minimization and Congestion Controls (2021)

This paper considers a massive MIMO system under the double scattering channels. We derive a closed-form expression of the uplink ergodic spectral efficiency (SE) by exploiting the maximum-ratio combining technique with imperfect channel state information. We then formulate and solve a total uplink data power optimization problem that aims at simultaneously satisfying the required SEs from all the users with limited power resources. We further propose algorithms to cope with the congestion issue appearing when at least one user is served by lower SE than requested. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed power optimization. More importantly, our proposed congestion-handling algorithms can guarantee the required SEs to many users under congestion, even when the SE requirement is high.
A Novel Indoor Heat Source Distribution Surveillance System through Sensor Network (2007)

A novel method is advanced in this approach; using cheap sensor module and combining a characteristic of sensor networks to attend to an overall monitoring, low-cost, and simplify. However, several systems use different kinds of sensor (i.e. radar, ultrasonic, and laser-scanner). They might be expensive, complexity and the monitoring area are limited. And in our research, a concept of image processing is recommended. Our sensor-board is produced by Dr Robot, Inc., pyroelectric human motion sensor module, the sensor can detect a motion and a presence alarm of target. The goal of our system is to save energy by controlling light and air condition. Users can get the heat source distribution; and control the air condition through our system effectively.
On the Relationship of Coral Allene Oxide Synthase to Catalase (2006)

A heme domain of coral allene oxide synthase (cAOS) catalyzes the formation of allene oxide from fatty acid hydroperoxide. Although cAOS has a similar heme active site to that of catalase, cAOS is completely lacking in catalase activity. A close look at the hydrogen-bonding possibilities around the distal His in cAOS suggested that the imidazole ring is rotated by 180 degrees relative to that of catalase because of the hydrogen bond between Thr-66 and the distal His-67. This could contribute to the functional differences between cAOS and catalase, and to examine this possibility, we mutated Thr-66 in cAOS to Val, the corresponding residue in catalase. In contrast to the complete absence of catalase activity in wild type (WT) cAOS, T66V had a modest catalase activity. On the other hand, the mutation suppressed the native enzymatic activity of the formation of allene oxide to 14% of that of WT cAOS. In the resonance Raman spectrum, whereas WT cAOS has only a 6-coordinate/high spin heme, T66V has a 5-coordinate/high spin heme as a minor species. Because catalase adopts a 5-coordinate/high spin structure, probably the 5-coordinate/high spin portion of T66V showed the catalase activity. Furthermore, in accord with the fact that the CN affinity of catalase is higher than that of WT cAOS, the CN affinity of T66V was 8-fold higher than that of WT cAOS, indicating that the mutation could mimic the heme active site in catalase. We, therefore, propose that the hydrogen bond between Thr-66 and distal His-67 could modulate the orientation of distal His, thereby regulating the enzymatic activity in cAOS.
Frequency doubling of 100-fs pulses with 50% efficiency by use of a resonant enhancement cavity (1994)

The use of a resonant cavity for efficient second-harmonic generation with 100-fs pulses is demonstrated. With 2-nJ pulses from a mode-locked Cr:forsterite laser, 53% conversion efficiency to the second harmonic at 625 nm is achieved while ~100-fs duration is maintained. This is an order-of-magnitude improvement over the conversion efficiency obtained directly with the laser output.
Figs S2-S5 from Inflammatory Monocytes Promote Perineural Invasion via CCL2-Mediated Recruitment and Cathepsin B Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CCL2 and CCR2 loss results in impaired PNI and IM recruitment following cancer injection independent of tumor growth. This file contains 4 supplemental figures (S2-S5), which demonstrate the importance of both CCR2 and CCL2 in IM recruitment.&lt;/p&gt;
Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases myofiber formation <i>in vitro</i> (2007)

Myoblast differentiation involves myoblast fusion followed by myofiber formation. We recently demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling occurs during myoblast differentiation in vivo. This signaling results in apoptosis in a subpopulation of myoblasts. In a cell culture model of myogenesis, inhibition of ER stress signaling blocked apoptosis and myoblast differentiation. To further examine the role of ER stress during myogenesis, we exposed cultured myoblasts to ER stress inducers during the transition from proliferation to differentiation. The stress inducers tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-glycosylation in the ER) and thapsigargin (an inhibitor of ER-specific calcium ATPase) were used at doses that induce 40-50% apoptosis in myoblast cultures. Increased ER stress enhanced differentiation-associated apoptosis of myoblasts. It is likely that apoptosis induced by ER stress selectively eliminates vulnerable cells. We found that the surviving myoblast cells were even more resistant to apoptosis. Remarkably, the surviving cells efficiently differentiated into contracting myofibers that are rarely found in culture models of myogenesis. Our observations suggest that ER stress exerts a positive effect on myofiber formation, possibly mimicking the action of signals that drive apoptosis and differentiation in vivo. These results may provide important insight for developing therapies to improve myofiber formation.
Les systèmes d'échange local (2003)

This article analyzes links between LETS (Local Exchange and Trading Systems) and a civil and solidarity-based&#13;\neconomy. LETS are defined as associations in which individuals exchange services and goods by means of an internal&#13;\naccounting system based on its own currency. The first LETS appeared in 1983. These LETS and the new social economy share some&#13;\ncommon purposes. By their actions, LETS aim to set up a new system of economic relations based on solidarity proceeding&#13;\nfrom relational and spatial proximity. Market exchanges and State redistribution do not provide an efficient response to these needs.&#13;\nHowever, there are certain threats to the solidarity aimed at by LETS such as firstly the risk that politicians may instrumentalize&#13;\nthese initatives and secondly legal and social constraints.
Influence of Fatty Acid Desaturation on Spontaneous Acyl Migration in 2‐Monoacylglycerols (2012)

Abstract The effect of desaturation from the C9 to the C15 carbon of 2‐monoacylglycerol (2‐MAG) fatty acids on spontaneous acyl migration is described. Three 2‐MAG species, 2‐monooleoylglycerol (C18:1 cis ‐Δ9), 2‐monolinoleoylglycerol (C18:2 cis ‐Δ9,12), and 2‐monolinolenoylglycerol (C18:3 cis ‐Δ9,12,15) were synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed ethanolysis of their respective triacylglycerols and isolated in &gt;60 % yield and at 2‐MAG purities of &gt;95 % relative to 1‐monoacylglycerol (1‐MAG). 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the spontaneous acyl migration of the 2‐MAG species over a temperature range from 20 to 80 °C. The relative energies of activation calculated from the Arrhenius relationships of the 2‐MAG acyl migration rate constants were 73.3, 68.0, and 72.9 kJ mol −1 for the three 2‐MAG species, respectively. Density functional calculations performed using the B3LYP functional at the 6‐31+G* basis set on the three ketal ring intermediate of the three 2‐MAG species followed a similar trend with a lack of relative energetic preference associated with the degree of desaturation. The kinetically determined relative activation energies were approximately twofold higher than the theoretical relative Gibbs free energies of the intermediates, suggesting that other factors influence acyl migration. In general, increasing desaturation after the C9 carbon of 2‐MAG fatty acids had no appreciable effect on acyl migration rates.
Width effects on electromagnetic and mechanical behaviour of Z-slotted waveguide array antennas (2015)

Z-shaped slots fit within the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide, offering a potential mechanical strength advantage compared to conventional inclined narrow wall slotted waveguide antennas for applications where the waveguide tube is a load bearing structure. Squeezing the Z-slots moved the edge of the perforations away from the corners of the WR-90 sized rectangular 6063 aluminum tubing, causing less weakening, giving a structural advantage. For the 10GHz antennas, squeezing the Z-slots to 7mm did not affect the S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> ≤ -10dB bandwidth of 5% and peak gain of 16dBi. For less than 7mm, the return loss exhibited 2 separate narrow resonances, which would impede the use of the antennas for ranging radar onboard a small multi-rotor UAV.
Metallic Nanoparticles: Tuning the Porosity of Bimetallic Nanostructures by a Soft Templating Approach (Adv. Funct. Mater. 23/2012) (2012)

Hexagonal mesophases composed of oil-swollen surfactant-stabilized tubes arranged on a lattice in water and doped with metallic salts are used as soft templates for the synthesis of porous bimetallic nanostructures of controlled porosity and composition. As reported by Hynd Remita and co-workers on page 4900, the pore size can be varied from 10 to 55 nm and control over such a large range the porosity of nanomaterials is a premiere. Image courtesy of Eve Ranvier.
Patterns of cell proliferation and cell migration in the Sezary syndrome (1981)

The patterns of cell proliferation and cell migration were studied in three patients with the Sezary syndrome using autoradiographic techniques. Cell labeling patterns following pulse labeling with tritiated thymidine in vivo indicated that Sezary cells proliferate actively in skin and in lymph nodes but that few if any Sezary cells proliferate in the peripheral blood. In two of the patients serial samples were obtained. Label dilution patterns in skin and blood over time suggested that circulating Sezary cells originated in extracutaneous sites where cells were proliferating more rapidly than in the skin. Cells labeled in extracutaneous sites of proliferation appear rapidly in the blood, and their transit time through the peripheral blood compartment is short. Circulating Sezary cells may then be deposited in the skin where they resume proliferation at a low rate. Thus, while Sezary cells proliferate in both cutaneous and extracutaneous sites, proliferation appears to be more rapid in extracutaneous sites such as lymph nodes. This suggests that trials of systemic therapeutic approaches should be undertaken.
Three-color photodetector based on quantum dots and resonant-tunneling diodes coupled with conductive polymers (2009)

Recently a new photodetector design based on quantum dots and resonant-tunneling diode (QDRTD) was proposed by Shields et al. which demonstrated high detection efficiency and a resolution to the single photon level. Different from the avalanche photo diode (APD) based photodetector, the detection mechanism of this device is to sense the change of the resonant tunneling current across the double barrier quantum well (DBQW) caused by the capture of photon-generated holes by a layer of self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) adjacent to the quantum well.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Changes in Levels of Orosomucoids in Patients Supplemented with Beta Glucan and Vitamin D (2018)

The role of beta glucan in stimulating of various biological reactions is getting more and more attention. In this report, we focused on the effects of oral supplementation with beta glucan and vitamin D on changes in serum levels of orosomucoids in patients with diabetic retinopathy. We measured the level of orosomucoids and evaluated the effects of oral supplementation. In this study we report significant decrease of orosomucoids levels after the end of the three-month treatment. Our results support the fact that continual supplementation with glucan is necessary for diabetes melitus and diabetic retinopathy patients.
Structure and Function of the Hypertension Variant A486V of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 4 (2015)

G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) bind to and phosphorylate GPCRs, initiating the process of GPCR desensitization and internalization. GRK4 is implicated in the regulation of blood pressure, and three GRK4 polymorphisms (R65L, A142V, and A486V) are associated with hypertension. Here, we describe the 2.6 Å structure of human GRK4α A486V crystallized in the presence of 5'-adenylyl β,γ-imidodiphosphate. The structure of GRK4α is similar to other GRKs, although slight differences exist within the RGS homology (RH) bundle subdomain, substrate-binding site, and kinase C-tail. The RH bundle subdomain and kinase C-terminal lobe form a strikingly acidic surface, whereas the kinase N-terminal lobe and RH terminal subdomain surfaces are much more basic. In this respect, GRK4α is more similar to GRK2 than GRK6. A fully ordered kinase C-tail reveals interactions linking the C-tail with important determinants of kinase activity, including the αB helix, αD helix, and the P-loop. Autophosphorylation of wild-type GRK4α is required for full kinase activity, as indicated by a lag in phosphorylation of a peptide from the dopamine D1 receptor without ATP preincubation. In contrast, this lag is not observed in GRK4α A486V. Phosphopeptide mapping by mass spectrometry indicates an increased rate of autophosphorylation of a number of residues in GRK4α A486V relative to wild-type GRK4α, including Ser-485 in the kinase C-tail.
Mo(CO)6 as a Solid CO Source in the Synthesis of Aryl/Heteroaryl Weinreb Amides under Microwave-Enhanced Condition (2016)

The facile transformation of aryl/heteroaryl nonaflates into corresponding amides via Pd-catalyzed aminocarbonylation using Mo(CO)6 as a solid CO source under microwave-enhanced condition is reported. The method was found to be tolerant with respect to a diverse range of electronically biased aryl/heteroaryl nonaflates, and exceptional yields were obtained. The optimized protocol was further extended to a diverse range of amines.