gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey and Analysis of Radiation Safety Management Systems at Medical Institutions-Second Report: Radiation Measurement, Calibration of Radiation Survey Meters, and Periodic Check of Installations, Equipment, and Protection Instruments- (2006)

We carried out a questionnaire survey to determine the actual situation of radiation safety management measures in all medical institutions in Japan that had nuclear medicine facilities. The questionnaire consisted of questions concerning the evaluation of shielding capacity; radiation measurement; periodic checks of installations, equipment, and protection instruments; and the calibration of radiation survey meters. The analysis was undertaken according to region, type of establishment, and number of beds. The overall response rate was 60 percent. For the evaluation of shielding capacity, the outsourcing rate was 53 percent of the total. For the radiation measurements of "leakage radiation dose and radioactive contamination" and "contamination of radioactive substances in the air," the outsourcing rates were 28 percent and 35 percent of the total, respectively (p<0.001, according to region and establishment). For the periodic check of radiation protection instruments, the implementation rate was 98 percent, and the outsourcing rate was 32 percent for radiation survey meters and 47 percent for lead aprons. The non-implemented rate for calibration of radiation survey meters was 25 percent of the total (p<0.001, according to region and establishment). The outsourcing rate for calibration of radiation survey meters accounted for 87 percent of the total, and of these medical institutions, 72 percent undertook annual calibration. The implementation rate for patient exposure measurement was 20 percent of the total (p<0.001, according to number of beds), and of these medical institutions 46 percent recorded measurement outcome.
Efficient Catalytic Promiscuity for Chemically Distinct Reactions (2009)

High catalytic proficiencies observed for the native and promiscuous reaction of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase (PAS; the picture shows transition states of the two substrates with corresponding binding constants K(tx)) suggest that the trade-off between high activity and tight specificity can be substantially relaxed.
Structure of 2',3'-O-isopropylideneguanosine dimethylsulfoxide solvate (1988)

CI3H17N5Os.C2H6OS, Mr=401.23, orthorhombic,P21212 p grown from Me2SO, a = 10.749 (2),b = 13.219 (2), c = 14.056 (2) A, V= 1997-23 A 3, Z =4, D_=1.40, D x=l.335Mgm -3, 2(CuKa)=
1.5418/~', g = 1.694 mm -~, F(000) = 848.00, T=293K, R =0.0538, wR =0.0634 for 2105 unique reflections with F > 3o(F). The asymmetric unit contains one nucleoside molecule with a disordered solvent Me2S_O molecule. The geometry about the C(4')-C(5') bond is gauche-gauche. The guanosine base is in the anti conformation with the furanose ring having C(3')-exo (E 3) puckering. The bases do not show any stacking in contrast to other guanosine-containing structures. The crystal structure is stabilized by N--H...N and N--H...O hydrogen bonding.
A New Family of Neural Networks Provably Resistant to Adversarial\n Attacks (2019)

Adversarial attacks add perturbations to the input features with the intent\nof changing the classification produced by a machine learning system. Small\nperturbations can yield adversarial examples which are misclassified despite\nbeing virtually indistinguishable from the unperturbed input. Classifiers\ntrained with standard neural network techniques are highly susceptible to\nadversarial examples, allowing an adversary to create misclassifications of\ntheir choice.\n We introduce a new type of network unit, called MWD (max of weighed distance)\nunits that have a built-in resistant to adversarial attacks. These units are\nhighly non-linear, and we develop the techniques needed to effectively train\nthem. We show that simple interval techniques for propagating perturbation\neffects through the network enables the efficient computation of robustness\n(i.e., accuracy guarantees) for MWD networks under any perturbations, including\nadversarial attacks.\n MWD networks are significantly more robust to input perturbations than ReLU\nnetworks. On permutation invariant MNIST, when test examples can be perturbed\nby 20% of the input range, MWD networks provably retain accuracy above 83%,\nwhile the accuracy of ReLU networks drops below 5%. The provable accuracy of\nMWD networks is superior even to the observed accuracy of ReLU networks trained\nwith the help of adversarial examples. In the absence of adversarial attacks,\nMWD networks match the performance of sigmoid networks, and have accuracy only\nslightly below that of ReLU networks.\n
Aerobic Asymmetric Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling between Two CH Groups Catalyzed by a Chiral‐at‐Metal Rhodium Complex (2015)

Abstract A sustainable CC bond formation is merged with the catalytic asymmetric generation of one or two stereocenters. The introduced catalytic asymmetric cross‐coupling of two C H groups with molecular oxygen as the oxidant profits from the oxidative robustness of a chiral‐at‐metal rhodium(III) catalyst and exploits an autoxidation mechanism or visible‐light photosensitized oxidation. In the latter case, the catalyst serves a dual function, namely as a chiral Lewis acid for catalyzing enantioselective enolate chemistry and at the same time as a visible‐light‐driven photoredox catalyst.
Method for eliminating aliasing in the measurement of the step response for a waveform recorder (2004)

A method for reducing the effects of aliasing in the measurement of the step response of a digital waveform recorder is described. It is based on assembling N records taken at random times relative to the sampling clock, and requires no special hardware. It is shown that the aliasing errors are reduced by a factor of /spl radic/N. The method also reduces the effects of noise and jitter by a factor of /spl radic/N.
Recognizable Pattern of Arthrogryposis and Congenital Myopathy Caused by the Recurrent TTN Metatranscript-only c.39974-11T &gt; G Splice Variant (2022)

The recurrent <i>TTN</i> c.39974-11T > G variant consistently causes congenital arthrogryposis and persisting myopathy providing evidence that the metatranscript-only 213 to 217 exons impact muscle elasticity during early development and beyond. There is a recognizable pattern of muscle involvement, which is distinct from other myopathies and provides valuable clues for diagnostic work-up.
Controlling Electron-Beam Emittance Partitioning for Future X-Ray Light\n Sources (2010)

Motivated by the emittance requirements for future light sources, we show how\nlongitudinal-transverse correlations can be introduced to create beams with\nlarge emittance asymmetry. This concept generalizes a key aspect of a Flat Beam\nTransform, which introduces initial correlations among the transverse planes,\nto systems with initial longitudinal-transverse correlations. We present an\neigen-emittance formalism to analyze such systems. We illustrate the approach\nby analyzing an electron beam emitted from a photoinjector utilizing a laser\nwith a tilted pulse front. This approach can be used to design beam delivery\nsystems that achieve extraordinarily transversely bright electron beams.\n
Joint optimization of HD video coding rates and unicast flow control for IEEE 802.11ad relaying (2011)

This paper proposes a joint optimization framework for minimizing high-definition (HD) video coding rates and selecting optimal relay nodes in 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) IEEE 802.11ad very high throughput (VHT) wireless systems. While IEEE 802.11ad VHT aims to support uncompressed HD video wireless transmission, its major limitation is the extremely high attenuation even in line-of-sight situations, which leads to a short admissible distance between transmitter and receivers and/or the necessity to compress video. To deal with this problem, the IEEE 802.11ad VHT draft standard defines efficient relaying protocols to extend the network coverage. When multiple source-destination pairs and multiple relays are present, a key question is which relay should help in the forwarding of which source flow. This selection should be done in such a way that the average video quality of the streams, which is related to the throughput in a nonlinear way, is maximized. We solve this problem by an integer programming framework that selects optimal relay nodes, their cooperation modes (i.e., amplify-and-forward, decode-and-forward, or non-cooperation), and the video coding (compression) rates which can maximize transmission quality.
Graphene-contact electrically driven microdisk lasers (2012)

Active nanophotonic devices are attractive due to their low-power consumption, ultrafast modulation speed and high-density integration. Although electrical operation is required for practical implementation of these devices, it is not straightforward to introduce a proper current path into such a wavelength-scale nanostructure without affecting the optical properties. For example, to demonstrate electrically driven nanolasers, complicated fabrication techniques have been used thus far. Here we report an electrically driven microdisk laser using a transparent graphene electrode. Current is injected efficiently through the graphene sheet covering the top surface of the microdisk cavity, and, for the first time, lasing operation was achieved with a low-threshold current of ~300 μA at room temperature. In addition, we measured significant electroluminescence from a graphene-contact subwavelength-scale single nanopillar structure. This work represents a new paradigm for the practical applications of integrated photonic systems, by conformally mounting graphene on the complex surfaces of non-planar three-dimensional nanostructures.
HSP60/10 chaperonin systems are inhibited by a variety of approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactive molecules (2019)

Abstract All living organisms contain a unique class of molecular chaperones called 60 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP60 – also known as GroEL in bacteria). While some organisms contain more than one HSP60 or GroEL isoform, at least one isoform has always proven to be essential. Because of this, we have been investigating targeting HSP60 and GroEL chaperonin systems as an antibiotic strategy. Our initial studies focused on applying this antibiotic strategy for treating African sleeping sickness (caused by Trypanosoma brucei parasites) and drug-resistant bacterial infections (in particular Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – MRSA). Intriguingly, during our studies we found that three known antibiotics – suramin, closantel, and rafoxanide – were potent inhibitors of bacterial GroEL and human HSP60 chaperonin systems. These findings prompted us to explore what other approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactive molecules might also inhibit HSP60 and GroEL chaperonin systems. Initial high-throughput screening of 3680 approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactives identified 161 hit inhibitors of the Escherichia coli GroEL chaperonin system (4.3% hit rate). From a purchased subset of 60 hits, 29 compounds (48%) re-confirmed as selective GroEL inhibitors in our assays, all of which were nearly equipotent against human HSP60. These findings illuminate the notion that targeting chaperonin systems might be a more common occurrence than we previously appreciated. Future studies are needed to determine if the in vivo modes of action of these approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactive molecules are related to GroEL and HSP60 inhibition.
Scene-aware Sound Rendering in Virtual and Real Worlds (2020)

Modern computer graphics applications including virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have adopted techniques for both visual rendering and audio rendering. While visual rendering can already synthesize virtual objects into the real world seamlessly, it remains difficult to correctly blend virtual sound with real-world sound using state-of-the-art audio rendering. When the virtual sound is generated unaware of the scene, the corresponding application becomes less immersive, especially for AR. In this position paper, we present our current work on generating scene-aware sound using ray-tracing based simulation combined with deep learning and optimization.
Cell therapy for heart disease: current status and future directions (2018)

Treatment of ischemic heart disease has evolved considerably over time, seeing a technological impetus in recent times. Prompt diagnosis and progressively earlier reperfusion of the infarct artery have become the cornerstone of the early myocardial ischemia management. However, treatment of post-infarction sequelae resulting from ischemic damage sustained within the myocardium remains a considerable challenge. In this setting, stem cell therapy has emerged as an exciting regenerative modality with a promise to arrest or even reverse the pathological myocardial remodeling. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have thereafter reported use of various types of stem cells delivered through varying routes. While most of these studies reported positive results, some appropriate concerns were raised in others. This has resulted in considerable uncertainty regarding cell therapy and an inability to formulate therapeutic recommendations. Though there has been a considerable improvement in our understanding of stem cell properties, there is a need to identify specific mechanisms of actions in order to maximize the benefits of stem cell therapy in ischemic heart disease. With this review, we attempt to highlight some of the salient features of stem cell research, focusing on understanding the predominant types of stem cells, proposed mechanisms of action, routes of administration, and application of this exciting and innovative regenerative therapy offered by stem cells.
Synthesis and duplex stability of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing a 2′→5′-amide linkage (1999)

2′-Deoxy-2′-α-C-carboxymethyl-3′-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-5′-O-dimethoxytrityluridine (11a) and the corresponding 3′-deoxy derivative 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′-α-C-carboxymethyl-5′-O-dimethoxytrityluridine (11b) have been condensed with 5′-amino-5′-deoxythymidine to prepare dinucleotide analogues (5a and 5b) which contain a 2′→5′-amide linkage. These dimer units have been incorporated into deoxynucleotide dodecamers using solid-phase phosphoramidite chemistry. Thermal melting studies show that a single 2′→5′-amide linkage in a deoxyoligonucleotide has a considerable destabilising effect on duplexes formed with both the DNA and RNA complementary sequences. Interestingly, the amide linkage has a significantly greater destabilising influence in the DNA duplexes than in the RNA hybrids.
Identification of the Optimal Framework for Nitroxyl Radical/Hydroxylamine in Copper-Cocatalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation (2023)

8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-ol (ABOOL) and 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-ol (ABHOL) are the main homologues of hydroxylamine 2-azaadamantan-2-ol (AZADOL) and 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ol. Both homologues feature a small bicyclic backbone and are known to be stable; however, to date, they have not been used as catalysts for alcohol oxidation. Herein, we report that these hydroxylamines can efficiently catalyze the oxidation of various secondary alcohols to their corresponding ketones using molecular oxygen in ambient air as the terminal oxidant and copper cocatalysts at room temperature. Furthermore, we show that ABOOL and ABHOL can be easily synthesized from commercially available materials.
LiNbO&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt; microdisc whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator as promising THz detector (2017)

Summary form only given. LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystals are already widely used for THz application [1], The main drawback of using this material is represented by its high absorbance in this electromagnetic wavelength range [2], In this work, we propose to exploit its high absorbance for thermal conversion of the incident wave, By means of the high sensitivity to temperature variations of WGM resonators, it would be possible to convert absorbed power in a thermal shift of the resonance, In our model, the microdisc is represented in a mono-dimensional picture as a h=1 mm thick slab between a perfect insulator (air, with thermal conductivity k=0) and a perfect heat sink (k=0) that acts as mirror for the THz radiation, Under this conditions, the time constant could be written as τ = ρ h <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /k C = 0.74 s, (1) where C and k are the Specific Heat and Conductivity of LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , C=0.63 J/(g K) and k=3.92 W/(m K) respectively, Considering the LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thermo-optic coefficient equal to α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">tot</sub> = α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">to</sub> + α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">te</sub> - 5.82 GHz/K, a working wavelength of 1500 nm and a WGM resonator with a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> Q factor [3], the minimum precision available for temperature will be: ΔT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">lim</sub> = δv/α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">tot</sub> = 0.1 MHz/5.82 MHz/K = 17 μK. (2).
0(\sqrt {\log n)} Approximation to SPARSEST CUT in &amp;#213;(n&amp;#178;) Time (2004)

We show how to compute O(/spl radic/log n)-approximations to SPARSEST CUT and BALANCED SEPARATOR problems in O/spl tilde/(n/sup 2/) time, thus improving upon the recent algorithm of Arora, Rao and Vazirani (2004). Their algorithm uses semidefinite programming and required O/spl tilde/(n/sup 4.5/) time. Our algorithm relies on efficiently finding expander flows in the graph and does not solve semidefinite programs. The existence of expander flows was also established by Arora, Rao, and Vazirani.
Involvement of AMPA Receptor GluR2 and GluR3 Trafficking in Trigeminal Spinal Subnucleus Caudalis and C1/C2 Neurons in Acute-Facial Inflammatory Pain (2012)

To evaluate the involvement of trafficking of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) GluR2 and GluR3 subunits in an acute inflammatory orofacial pain, we analyzed nocifensive behavior, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) and Fos expression in Vi/Vc, Vc and C1/C2 in GluR2 delta7 knock-in (KI), GluR3 delta7 KI mice and wild-type mice. We also studied Vc neuronal activity to address the hypothesis that trafficking of GluR2 and GluR3 subunits plays an important role in Vi/Vc, Vc and C1/C2 neuronal activity associated with orofacial inflammation in these mice. Late nocifensive behavior was significantly depressed in GluR2 delta7 KI and GluR3 delta7 KI mice. In addition, the number of pERK-immunoreactive (IR) cells was significantly decreased bilaterally in the Vi/Vc, Vc and C1/C2 in GluR2 delta7 KI and GluR3 delta7 KI mice compared to wild-type mice at 40 min after formalin injection, and was also significantly smaller in GluR3 delta7 KI compared to GluR2 delta7 KI mice. The number of Fos protein-IR cells in the ipsilateral Vi/Vc, Vc and C1/C2 was also significantly smaller in GluR2 delta7 KI and GluR3 delta7 KI mice compared to wild-type mice 40 min after formalin injection. Nociceptive neurons functionally identified as wide dynamic range neurons in the Vc, where pERK- and Fos protein-IR cell expression was prominent, showed significantly lower spontaneous activity in GluR2 delta7 KI and GluR3 delta7 KI mice than wild-type mice following formalin injection. These findings suggest that GluR2 and GluR3 trafficking is involved in the enhancement of Vi/Vc, Vc and C1/C2 nociceptive neuronal excitabilities at 16-60 min following formalin injection, resulting in orofacial inflammatory pain.
Anti-Migratory Effect of Vinflunine in Endothelial and Glioblastoma Cells Is Associated with Changes in EB1 C-Terminal Detyrosinated/Tyrosinated Status (2013)

We previously showed that vinflunine, a microtubule-targeting drug of the Vinca-alkaloid family exerted its anti-angiogenic/anti-migratory activities through an increase in microtubule dynamics and an inhibition of microtubule targeting to adhesion sites. Such effect was associated with a reduction of EB1 comet length at microtubule (+) ends. In this work we first showed that the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF suppressed microtubule dynamics in living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), increased EB1 comet length by 40%, and induced EB1 to bind all along the microtubules, without modifying its expression level. Such microtubule (+) end stabilization occurred close to the plasma membrane in the vicinity of focal adhesion as shown by TIRF microscopy experiments. Vinflunine completely abolished the effect of VEGF on EB1 comets. Interestingly, we found a correlation between the reduction of EB1 comet length by vinflunine and the inhibition of cell migration. By using 2D gel electrophoresis we demonstrated for the first time that EB1 underwent several post-translational modifications in endothelial and tumor cells. Particularly, the C-terminal EEY sequence was poorly detectable in control and VEGF-treated HUVECs suggesting the existence of a non-tyrosinated form of EB1. By using specific antibodies that specifically recognized and discriminated the native tyrosinated form of EB1 and a putative C-terminal detyrosinated form, we showed that a detyrosinated form of EB1 exists in HUVECs and tumor cells. Interestingly, vinflunine decreased the level of the detyrosinated form and increased the native tyrosinated form of EB1. Using 3-L-Nitrotyrosine incorporation experiments, we concluded that the EB1 C-terminal modifications result from a detyrosination/retyrosination cycle as described for tubulin. Altogether, our results show that vinflunine inhibits endothelial cell migration through an alteration of EB1 comet length and EB1 detyrosination/retyrosination cycle.
A New Approach to Estimating Wetting in a Reaction System (1990)

An improved sessile drop technique was used to measure the changes in contact angle of a reaction system (Al/MgO). By plotting the results on a logarithmic time scale, the authors arrived at a new understanding of the wetting process. It was found that the contact angle progresses through three phases and that it is necessary to adopt the values of phase II in order not to overestimate wetting. The relationship between interface diameter and contact angle was investigated and the conditions characterizing wetting increase were defined.