gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Communication Systems (2018)

Wireless communication networks provide telephone service to mobile users have been rapidly developed since 1980s. Beginning with the first generation analog systems, which provided voice service, systems have developed to the standardization of third generation systems which will have the capability to offer multimedia services. The most fundamental concepts in the development of economically viable wireless telecommunication networks are the concepts of frequency re-use and accurate transmitter power control which allows the use of a relatively small amount of radio spectrum to serve a large population of mobile users in some population area such as a city. The key issue in the development of these systems has been the maximization of the capacity of the system in terms of the number of users that can be served per base station per unit of bandwidth. Due to the limitation in technology the first generation systems were analog and as a result of propagation impairments they used a relatively inefficient modulation technique – wideband FM. As a result of the rapid success of these systems there was a strong push for the design of second generation systems. The main objective for this development in North America was the capacity issue – where the capacity limit of the early systems was quickly reached in cities such as Chicago and Los Angeles. A goal of 10 times the capacity of the analog system was set for the second generation systems in North America. These systems also had to maintain downward compatibility with the analog system. In Europe the second generation systems were motivated by the need to develop a pan-European system which would work with the same hand terminal in all the countries of Europe. The second generation system was also designed to operate in a new frequency band – hence downward compatibility with the older first generation systems was not necessary.
On the asymptotic optimality of beam-forming in multi-antenna Gaussian multiple access channels (2002)

In this paper, transmit schemes for multi-antenna Gaussian multiple access channels are considered. For the case of a large number of users, a short term power constraint, and slowly fading channels, asymptotic optimality of beamforming is shown under the sum rate maximization criterion. This is an interesting result because the optimal transmit scheme for each user is to beamform to one direction even if each user is equipped with a large number of transmit antennas. Also, this result extends to ISI channels assuming OFDM modulation. A suboptimal transmit scheme based on this result follows for a system with partial channel side information.
<i>In Situ</i> Covalent Functionalization of DNA Origami Virus-like Particles (2021)

DNA origami is a powerful nanomaterial for biomedical applications due in part to its capacity for programmable, site-specific functionalization. To realize these applications, scalable and efficient conjugation protocols are needed for diverse moieties ranging from small molecules to biomacromolecules. Currently, there are no facile and general methods for <i>in situ</i> covalent modification and label-free quantification of reaction conversion. Here, we investigate the postassembly functionalization of DNA origami and the subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography-based characterization of these nanomaterials. Following this approach, we developed a versatile DNA origami functionalization and characterization platform. We observed quantitative <i>in situ</i> conversion using widely accessible click chemistry for carbohydrates, small molecules, peptides, polymers, and proteins. This platform should provide broader access to covalently functionalized DNA origami, as illustrated here by PEGylation for passivation and HIV antigen decoration to construct virus-like particle vaccines.
Increased fronto-temporal connectivity by modified melody in real music (2020)

Abstract In real music, the original melody may appear intact, with little elaboration only, or significantly modified. Since a melody is most easily perceived in music, hearing significantly modified melody may change a brain connectivity. Mozart KV 265 is comprised of a theme with an original melody of “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” and its significant variations. We studied whether effective connectivity changes with significantly modified melody, between bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFGs) and Heschl’s gyri (HGs) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Among the 12 connectivities, the connectivity from the left IFG to the right HG was consistently increased with significantly modified melody compared to the original melody in 2 separate sets of the same rhythmic pattern with different melody ( p = 0.005 and 0.034, Bonferroni corrected). Our findings show that the modification of an original melody in a real music changes the brain connectivity.
Phosphatidylethanolamines Modified by γ-Ketoaldehyde (γKA) Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Endothelial Activation (2011)

Peroxidation of plasma lipoproteins has been implicated in the endothelial cell activation and monocyte adhesion that initiate atherosclerosis, but the exact mechanisms underlying this activation remain unclear. Lipid peroxidation generates lipid aldehydes, including the γ-ketoaldehydes (γKA), also termed isoketals or isolevuglandins, that readily modify the amine headgroup of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). We hypothesized that aldehyde modification of PE could mediate some of the proinflammatory effects of lipid peroxidation. We found that PE modified by γKA (γKA-PE) induced THP-1 monocyte adhesion to human umbilical cord endothelial cells. γKA-PE also induced expression of adhesion molecules and increased MCP-1 and IL-8 mRNA in human umbilical cord endothelial cells. To determine the structural requirements for γKA-PE activity, we tested several related compounds. PE modified by 4-oxo-pentanal induced THP-1 adhesion, but N-glutaroyl-PE and C(18:0)N-acyl-PE did not, suggesting that an N-pyrrole moiety was essential for cellular activity. As the N-pyrrole headgroup might distort the membrane, we tested the effect of the pyrrole-PEs on membrane parameters. γKA-PE and 4-oxo-pentanal significantly reduced the temperature for the liquid crystalline to hexagonal phase transition in artificial bilayers, suggesting that these pyrrole-PE markedly altered membrane curvature. Additionally, fluorescently labeled γKA-PE rapidly internalized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); γKA-PE induced C/EBP homologous protein CHOP and BiP expression and p38 MAPK activity, and inhibitors of ER stress reduced γKA-PE-induced C/EBP homologous protein CHOP and BiP expression as well as EC activation, consistent with γKA-PE inducing ER stress responses that have been previously linked to inflammatory chemokine expression. Thus, γKA-PE is a potential mediator of the inflammation induced by lipid peroxidation.
Closed-Loop Driver/Vehicle Model for Automotive Control (2006)

This paper demonstrates the implementation of a comprehensive vehicle model combined with a driver model in closed loop for the purpose of developing and testing of vehicle stability systems. As an example of such a stability system, a model of an active front steering controller is considered. The operation of this controller is based on vehicle states available my means of a state estimator. The functional efficiency of these combined models is demonstrated using a double-lane change manoeuvre. The use of the stability controller shows clear improvement in terms of the vehicle dynamical stability.
The Role of 20-Hete in Mediating the Effect of Diatary K Intake on the Apical K Channels in the Mtal. (2000)

P95 We have used the patch clamp technique to study the effect of dietary-K intake on the apical K channels in the medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) of rat kidneys. The channel activity, defined by NPo, of the 30 pS and 70 pS K channel was 0.18 and 0.11 in the mTAL from rats on a K-deficient diet, respectively. In contrast, NPo of the 30 pS and the 70 pS K channels increased to 0.60 and 0.80 in the tubules from animals on a high-K diet, respectively. We have also used GC/MC to measure the intracellular production of 20-hydroxyeicosanotetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in the mTAL. The concentration of 20-HETE was 0.8 pg/μg protein in the mTAL from rats on a high-K diet and increased significantly to 4.6 pg/μg protein in the tubules from rats on a K-deficient diet. Addition of N-methylsulfonyl-12,12-dibromododec-11-enamide (DDMS) or 17-octadecynoic acid (17ODYA), agents which inhibit the formation of 20-HETE, had no significant effect on the activity of the 30 pS K channels. However, DDMS/17ODYA significantly increased the activity of the apical 70 pS K channel from 0.11 to 0.91 in the mTAL from rats on a K-deficient diet. In contrast, inhibition of the cytochrome P450 metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) increased NPo from 0.64 to 0.81 in the tubules from animals on a high-K diet. Furthermore, the concentration of 20-HETE required to block the channel activity by 50% was the same in the mTAL from rats on a high K diet as that on a K-deficient diet. This indicates that the diminished response of the 70 pS K channel to the inhibition of P450 metabolism of AA is not the result of decreasing 20-HETE sensitivity in the mTAL from rats on a high K diet. Finally, the pretreatment of the tubules with DDMS increased NPo of the 70 pS K channels in the mTAL from rats on a K-deficient diet to 0.76, a value which is not significantly different from the NPo in the tubules from rats on a high-K diet. We conclude that an increase in 20-HETE production is involved in reducing the activity of the apical 70 pS K channels in the mTAL from rats on a K-deficient diet.
The effect of bromocriptine on locomotor activity and cerebral catecholamines in rodents (1977)

Abstract The locomotor activity in mice induced by bromocriptine was suppressed by drugs inhibiting both dopaminergic and noradrenergic pre- and post-synaptic actions. The onset of locomotor activity was preceded by a period of decreased activity which lengthened with increasing dose. Both increased and decreased turnover of noradrenaline and decreased turnover of dopamine was shown by measurement of the dopamine metabolites homovanillic acid, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and the noradrenaline metabolite MOPEG-SO4 and following pretreatment of animals with α-methyl-p-tyrosine. The increased activity caused by bromocriptine did not correlate with a consistent biochemical change, but the period of behavioural suppression appeared to be associated with an increased noradrenaline turnover. Bromocriptine potently inhibited the noradrenaline-stimulated adenylate cyclase system from mouse limbic forebrain suggesting that the increased in vivo turnover of noradrenaline may be due to a post-synaptic receptor blockade. The involvement of cerebral dopamine receptors was substantiated by the ability of bromocriptine to displace [3H]haloperidol from binding sites in rat striatal preparations. The findings are interpreted as indicating a complex involvement of both noradrenaline and dopamine pre-and post-synaptic components in the locomotor activity produced by bromocriptine, possibly due to the involvement of a partial agonist action or an active metabolite.
Fcγ receptor targeting in RA (2012)

Rheumatology has pioneered in the study of autoantibodies by showing that they are not only involved in pathogenesis but are also highly useful as diagnostic biomarkers. The diagnostic biomarker aspect of autoimmunity has gained increasing importance in cancer and many of the insights gained in Rheumatology have contributed to understanding the significance of autoantibodies in cancer. Features of autoantibodies in rheumatic disorders: In rheumatic diseases no individual autoantibody-antigen system has sufficient combination of sensitivity and specificity to serve as a useful diagnostic biomarker. Instead, several antigen-antibody systems constructed as profiles of biomarkers are highly effective in distinguishing one disorder from another. In lupus, anti-double strand DNA and anti-Sm distinguishes it from scleroderma, where the profile is anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 and anti-centromere proteins. The autoantigensare cell components involved in universal and basic gene expression pathways, such as Sm in precursor mRNA splicing and DNA topoisomerase 1 in DNA replication and transcription [1]. Features of autoantibodies in cancer: Autoantibodies in cancer target intracellular molecules referred to as TAAs (tumor-associated antigens). As in rheumatic disorders, no individual autoantibody-antigen system has sensitivity and specificity to serve as a stand-alone diagnostic marker [2]. Most tumors show multiple antibody specificities and with panels of TAAanti-TAAs (analogous toprofiles) the cumulative sensitivity and specificity reaches diagnostic significance. Different tumorigenesis pathways are
Extended-pulse excimer laser annealing of Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 thin film on LaNiO3 electrode (2004)

Comparing to conventional short-pulse (&amp;lt;30ns) excimer laser annealing, the extended pulse (374ns) can provide sufficient thermal energy and time into the Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 (PZT) thin film to complete the crystallization, whereas the bulk of the material remains at low temperature. In this study, thermal simulation is presented to illustrate the temperature distribution in the specimen and the benefits of the extended pulse. With extended-pulse laser annealing, we observe a 50% improvement in remanent polarization because of the elimination of the amorphous layer on the PZT surface, which is also confirmed by cross-section transmission electron microscopy analysis. This low temperature process is suitable for embedded capacitor-over-interconnect ferroelectric random access memory for advanced system-on-chip applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Enlargement of Diaziridinone: Pyrazolinone‐Forming Reaction with . alpha.‐Metalated Nitrile. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
2.5‐D CSAMT Modeling with Finite Element Method Over 2‐D Complex Earth Media (2004)

Abstract This paper will discuss the characteristics of EM field for 2‐D complex earth media. Firstly we introduce the characteristics of electric field, magnetic field, apparent resistivity, and phase induced by a finite electrical dipole source over 100m homogeneous half‐space media. From this result we can know the field change behavior with the distance from transmitter to receiver, and also the result tells us we should use proper transmitting‐receiving mode. In wave number domain, the EM field shows that the field of low wave number contributes much more than the one of high wave number. And then we demonstrate the CSAMT forward modeling of apparent resistivity, phase pseudosections and frequency curves for two anomaly bodies, two slanting anomaly bodies and down faulted anomaly. Numerical modeling results show directly the anomaly characteristics, this is very helpful for understanding field data and data inversion and interpretation.
A numerical model for the oscillation frequency, the amplitude and the phase‐noise of MOS‐current‐mode‐logic ring oscillators (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a new model for the frequency of oscillation, the oscillation amplitude and the phase‐noise of ring oscillators consisting of MOS‐current‐mode‐logic delay cells. The numerical model has been validated through circuit simulations of oscillators designed with a typical 130 nm CMOS technology. A design flow based on the proposed model and on circuit simulations is presented and applied to cells with active loads. The choice of the cell parameters that minimize phase‐noise and power consumption is addressed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Highly Specific Role of Hypocretin (Orexin) Neurons: Differential Activation as a Function of Diurnal Phase, Operant Reinforcement versus Operant Avoidance and Light Level (2011)

Hypocretin (Hcrt) cell loss is responsible for narcolepsy, but Hcrt's role in normal behavior is unclear. We found that Hcrt knock-out mice were unable to work for food or water reward during the light phase. However, they were unimpaired relative to wild-type (WT) mice when working for reward during the dark phase or when working to avoid shock in the light or dark phase. In WT mice, expression of Fos in Hcrt neurons occurs only in the light phase when working for positive reinforcement. Expression was seen throughout the mediolateral extent of the Hcrt field. Fos was not expressed when expected or unexpected unearned rewards were presented, when working to avoid negative reinforcement, or when given or expecting shock, even though these conditions elicit maximal electroencephalogram (EEG) arousal. Fos was not expressed in the light phase when light was removed. This may explain the lack of light-induced arousal in narcoleptics and its presence in normal individuals. This is the first demonstration of such specificity of arousal system function and has implications for understanding the motivational and circadian consequences of arousal system dysfunction. The current results also indicate that comparable and complementary specificities must exist in other arousal systems.
Semi-Supervised Protein Classification Using Cluster Kernels (2006)

A key issue in supervised protein classification is the representation of input sequences of amino acids. Recent work using string kernels for protein data has achieved state-of-the-art classification performance. However, such representations are based only on labeled data -examples with known 3D structures, organized into structural classes -while in practice, unlabeled data is far more plentiful. In this work, we develop simple and scalable cluster kernel techniques for incorporating unlabeled data into the representation of protein sequences. We show that our methods greatly improve the classification performance of string kernels and outperform standard approaches for using unlabeled data, such as adding close homologs of the positive examples to the training data. We achieve equal or superior performance to previously presented cluster kernel methods while achieving far greater computational efficiency.
Leukotriene B4 Receptors BLT1 and BLT2: Expression and Function in Human and Murine Mast Cells (2006)

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent activator and chemoattractant for leukocytes and is implicated in several inflammatory diseases. The actions of LTB4 are mediated by two cell surface receptors, BLT1, which is predominantly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, and BLT2, which is expressed more ubiquitously. Recently, BLT1 expression and LTB4-dependent chemotaxis have been reported in immature mast cells (MCs). We now show the first evidence for BLT2 mRNA expression, in addition to BLT1, in murine bone marrow-derived MCs (mBMMCs) and in a human MC line (HMC-1). Protein expression of BLT1 was confirmed by mAb staining in HMC-1 cells and shown to be predominantly intracellular. Both HMC-1 cells and mBMMCs migrated to LTB4 in a dose-dependent manner in chemotaxis assays. Migration to LTB4 could be inhibited by either a BLT1- or BLT2-selective antagonist. Significant dose-dependent migration of mBMMCs also was observed to 12-(S)-hydroxyeicosotetraenoic acid, a BLT2-selective agonist, demonstrating functional BLT2 activity in these cells. Stimulation of mBMMCs with LTB4 induced transient, dose-dependent, ERK phosphorylation and changes in Akt phosphorylation. Dose-dependent ERK phosphorylation also was observed in response to 12-(S)-hydroxyeicosotetraenoic acid, indicating signaling downstream of BLT2. Pretreatment of mBMMCs with stem cell factor significantly down-regulated expression of BLT1 and BLT2 mRNA and inhibited their migration to LTB4. This study demonstrates expression of functional LTB4 receptors, both BLT1 and BLT2, in murine and human MCs and a regulatory role for stem cell factor in their expression. These receptors may mediate recruitment and accumulation of MCs in response to LTB4 production in areas of inflammation.
Characterization of Oxide Materials for Exchange Decoupling in Perpendicular Thin Film Media (2010)

We report on continued measurements using an experimental model system to quantify intergranular exchange coupling in CoCrPt-oxide perpendicular magnetic recording media. A thin film multi-layered structure comprising a high coercivity CoPt unicrystal layer separated from a low coercivity CoPt layer by a thin oxide interlayer is used to model the vertically aligned grains separated by oxide boundaries in CoCrPt-oxide media. Exchange coupling is measured by field shifts of the minor loop from the low coercivity layer. Results on coupling energy as a function of interlayer thickness are presented for several different oxides. Additional measurements are presented to understand the possible role of the added alloying elements, Cr and Mn, to the magnetic grains in terms of intergranular exchange coupling.
Narrowband terahertz generation with chirped-and-delayed laser pulses in periodically poled lithium niobate (2017)

We generate narrowband terahertz (THz) radiation in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystals using two chirped-and-delayed driver pulses from a high-energy Ti:sapphire laser. The generated frequency is determined by the phase-matching condition in the PPLN and influences the temporal delay of the two pulses for efficient terahertz generation. We achieve internal conversion efficiencies up to 0.13% as well as a record multicycle THz energy of 40 μJ at 0.544 THz in a cryogenically cooled PPLN.
Wireless Data Acquisition of Transient Signals for Mobile Spectrometry Applications (2016)

Wireless data acquisition using smartphones or handhelds offers increased mobility, it provides reduced size and weight, it has low electrical power requirements, and (in some cases) it has an ability to access the internet. Thus, it is well suited for mobile spectrometry applications using miniaturized, field-portable spectrometers, or detectors for chemical analysis in the field (i.e., on-site). There are four main wireless communications standards that can be used for wireless data acquisition, namely ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and UWB (ultra-wide band). These are briefly reviewed and are evaluated for applicability to data acquisition of transient signals (i.e., time-domain) in the field (i.e., on-site) from a miniaturized, field-portable photomultiplier tube detector and from a photodiode array detector installed in a miniaturized, field-portable fiber optic spectrometer. These are two of the most widely used detectors for optical measurements in the ultraviolet-visible range of the spectrum. A miniaturized, 3D-printed, battery-operated microplasma-on-a-chip was used for generation of transient optical emission signals. Elemental analysis from liquid microsamples, a microplasma, and a handheld or a smartphone will be used as examples. Development and potential applicability of wireless data acquisition of transient optical emission signals for taking part of the lab to the sample types of mobile, field-portable spectrometry applications will be discussed. The examples presented are drawn from past and ongoing work in the authors' laboratory. A handheld or a smartphone were used as the mobile computing devices of choice.