gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the Failure Probability of High Strength Ceramics Subject to Thermal Shock Loading (2008)

Failure of monolithic ceramics can be predicted using the Weibull theory. From the point of view of experimental verification the theory is well established for multi-axial mechanical loading as well as fatigue loading at constant temperatures. In view of high temperature applications failure due to thermal creep and sub-critical crack growth is also included within several commercial available design tools for ceramic components. However, these tools are not verified to reliably predict failure caused by special loading conditions under thermal excursions such as thermal shock conditions or off-normal overloads, where components like gas turbines are locally loaded by steep temperature gradients and steep stress gradients within a short time span. A thermal shock experiment was performed in order to verify the Weibull theory in a case with a rather involved load history. Notched rectangular bars were heated up to constant temperature of 1450d̀C and subsequently exposed to a rapid cooling. The results of thermo-mechanical analyses using FEM served as an input file for the STAU code which allows in post-processing to predict the failure probability. The predicted failure probability agreed very well with the findings of the experiment provided that the pronounced stress gradient in the notch root were correctly taken into consideration.
Grafting of Aminoethylphosphonic Acid Monolayers on Titanium Nitride: The Effect of Surface Pretreatments through Electrochemical‐Assisted Oxidation (2016)

The surface of titanium nitride (TiN) contains, in addition to nitride compounds, a certain amount of native oxide. This oxide allows the functionalization of TiN with amine‐terminated groups through spontaneous self‐assembly of aminoethylphosphonic acid. However, real industrial applications of titanium nitride, particularly for microelectronics and electrochemistry, require the development of efficient methods to improve the aminoethylphosphonate loading while preserving the main intrinsic characteristics of the TiN substrate. It is demonstrated that surface pretreatment, by either electrochemical anodization or cleaning in H 2 O 2 :HCl:H 2 O mixture, considerably enhances the phosphonic loading. This is the first report on mild oxidation of TiN surface using an acidic peroxide mixture. This electrochemical‐assisted method does not require any electrochemical equipment, and works through simple immersion of the TiN surface in the cleaning solution at room temperature. Moreover, cleaning in this solution leads to a significantly increased quantity of the grafted phosphonate groups via uniform hydroxylation of the entire surface, without altering the behavior of the pristine TiN. The electrochemical anodization technique, which results in quasicomplete conversion of surface TiN compounds to TiO 2 under our working conditions, needs further fundamental investigation towards incorporation of oxygen into the TiN lattice.
Low temperature deposition of hafnium silicate gate dielectrics for TFTs on plastic substrates (2003)

Summary form only given. Hafnium silicate (HfSi/sub x/O/sub y/) is being studied as a potential candidate material to replace SiO/sub 2/ as the gate dielectric in scaled silicon transistors due to its relatively high dielectric constant and high thermal stability. The dielectric constant of HfSi/sub x/O/sub y/ is /spl sim/8-15, depending on composition, which is 2-4 times higher than SiO/sub 2/. In this paper we describe the formation and characterization of hafnium silicate by UV/O/sub 3/ oxidation of hafnium silicide as a potential gate dielectric candidate for high performance thin-film transistors on plastic substrates.
Polarization anisotropic characteristics of GaInAsP/InP quantum-wire lasers - threshold current and gain spectrum (2005)

Polarization dependent anisotropic lasing characteristics, which are attributed to the anisotropic dipole moment in quantum-wires, wire clearly observed two types of GaInAsP/InP strain-compensated multiple-quantum-wire lasers, where quantum-wires are laid on in parallel and perpendicular to the light propagating direction
Developing an algorithm for pulse oximetry derived respiratory rate (RRoxi): a healthy volunteer study (2012)

These data indicate that RR(oxi) represents a viable technology for the measurement of respiratory rate of healthy individuals.
Free-Standing and Single-Crystalline Fe<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Mn<sub><i>x</i></sub>Si Nanowires with Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism and Excellent Magnetic Response (2012)

High-aspect-ratio Fe(1-x)Mn(x)Si nanowires with room-temperature ferromagnetism were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in one step. This is the first report of ternary silicide nanowires using magnetic Mn ions to partially replace metal sites in the host matrix. Here we report the excellent magnetic characteristics of Fe(1-x)Mn(x)Si nanowires, which exhibit strong ferromagnetism at room temperature and high magnetoresistance (MR) variation. As-synthesized Fe(1-x)Mn(x)Si nanowires show a hyperbranched morphology and a spin-disorder behavior. The strong spin interaction in Fe(1-x)Mn(x)Si nanowires, induced by the substitution of Fe sublattices for magnetic Mn ions, was revealed in the hysteresis loops. The magnetization versus magnetic field (M-H) curves of Fe(1-x)Mn(x)Si nanowires are much less sensitive to the temperature variation from 10 to 300 K than those of FeSi nanowires. Remarkably, the excellent MR performance, -41.6% at 25 K with a magnetic field of 9 T, was demonstrated in an individual Fe(0.88)Mn(0.12)Si nanowire.
Incorporating known petrophysical model in the seismic full‐waveform inversion using the Gramian constraint (2020)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we develop a general approach to integrating petrophysical models in three‐dimensional seismic full‐waveform inversion based on the Gramian constraints. In the framework of this approach, we present an example of the frequency‐domain P‐wave velocity inversion guided by an electrical conductivity model. In order to introduce a coupling between the two models, we minimize the corresponding Gramian functional, which is included in the Tikhonov parametric functional. We demonstrate that in the case of a single‐physics inversion guided by a model of different physical type, the general expressions of the Gramian functional and its gradients become simple and easy to program. We also prove that the Gramian functional has a non‐negative quadratic form, so it can be easily incorporated in a standard gradient‐based minimization scheme. The developed new approach of seismic inversion guided by the known petrophysical model has been validated by three‐dimensional inversion of synthetic seismic data generated for a realistic three‐dimensional model of the subsurface.
Real-time dynamic spectrum management for multi-user multi-carrier\n communication systems (2013)

Dynamic spectrum management is recognized as a key technique to tackle\ninterference in multi-user multi-carrier communication systems and networks.\nHowever existing dynamic spectrum management algorithms may not be suitable\nwhen the available computation time and compute power are limited, i.e., when a\nvery fast responsiveness is required. In this paper, we present a new paradigm,\ntheory and algorithm for real-time dynamic spectrum management (RT-DSM) under\ntight real-time constraints. Specifically, a RT-DSM algorithm can be stopped at\nany point in time while guaranteeing a feasible and improved solution. This is\nenabled by the introduction of a novel difference-of-variables (DoV)\ntransformation and problem reformulation, for which a primal coordinate ascent\napproach is proposed with exact line search via a logarithmicly scaled grid\nsearch. The concrete proposed algorithm is referred to as iterative power\ndifference balancing (IPDB). Simulations for different realistic wireline and\nwireless interference limited systems demonstrate its good performance, low\ncomplexity and wide applicability under different configurations.\n
Mask-Based Microsphere Photolithography (2018)

Microsphere Photolithography (MPL) uses a self-assembled array of transparent microspheres to focus incident ultraviolet radiation and produce an array of photonic jets in photoresist. Typically, the microspheres are self-assembled directly on the photoresist layer and are removed after exposure during development. Reusing the microsphere array reduces the expense of the process. A mask is formed by transferring the self-assembled microsphere array to a transparent tape. This can be used for multiple exposures when pressed into contact with the photoresist. This paper demonstrates the use of this process to pattern infrared metasurface absorbers and discusses the effects of the mask-based MPL process on the metasurface performance.
Stabilization of β-catenin by a Wnt-independent mechanism regulates cardiomyocyte growth (2003)

beta-Catenin is a transcriptional activator that regulates embryonic development as part of the Wnt pathway and also plays a role in tumorigenesis. The mechanisms leading to Wnt-induced stabilization of beta-catenin, which results in its translocation to the nucleus and activation of transcription, have been an area of intense interest. However, it is not clear whether stimuli other than Wnts can lead to important stabilization of beta-catenin and, if so, what factors mediate that stabilization and what biologic processes might be regulated. Herein we report that beta-catenin is stabilized in cardiomyocytes after these cells have been exposed to hypertrophic stimuli in culture or in vivo. The mechanism by which beta-catenin is stabilized is distinctly different from that used by Wnt signaling. Although, as with Wnt signaling, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 remains central to hypertrophic stimulus-induced stabilization of beta-catenin, the mechanism by which this occurs involves the recruitment of activated PKB to the beta-catenin-degradation complex. PKB stabilizes the complex and phosphorylates glycogen synthase kinase-3 within the complex, inhibiting its activity directed at beta-catenin. Finally, we demonstrate via adenoviral gene transfer that beta-catenin is both sufficient to induce growth in cardiomyocytes in culture and in vivo and necessary for hypertrophic stimulus-induced growth. Thus, in these terminally differentiated cells, beta-catenin is stabilized by hypertrophic stimuli acting via heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors. The stabilization occurs via a unique Wnt-independent mechanism and results in cellular growth.
Using Agents to Improve International Maritime Transport Security (2011)

Agent-based techniques have the potential to improve the security of international maritime transport threatened by a steep rise of maritime piracy. We have demonstrated that a randomized route-selection strategy resulting from a normal two-player game formulation of the transit problem can decrease the number of attacks and the payoff accumulated by pirates. Coordinating the movement of patrol and transit vessels without a central authority requires techniques for semi-cooperative planning and coalition formation. With regard to existing applications of agent-based techniques, the maritime domain seems currently under-represented compared to other traffic and transportation domains. This work is a first step in addressing the situation and bringing this important domain into the focus of researchers in the multiagent systems field.
Broadband Antireflective Surface-Relief Structure for THz Optics (2007)

An optimized antireflective surface-relief structure for THz optics was manufactured by single-point diamond turning into Topas® samples. Two effects of the structure are demonstrated: Increased transmittance and reduction of the modulations in the spectrum.
In-network Solution for Network Traffic Reduction in Industrial Data Communication (2021)

Industrial networks rely on standard real-time communication protocols like ProfiNet. These protocols are used for cyclic data exchange between IO devices and controllers. Since continuous monitoring of IO devices is important, a large number of data packets can be observed in such field networks between the IO devices and controllers. Each IO device cyclically reports its data or internal state to a controller at a predefined frequency. However, the reported data of most IO devices are not changing all the time, and thus the same bytes are transmitted multiple times. The majority of data packets is only used for checking the availability of such devices. In this paper, we consider an industrial environment where IO devices are located in an industrial site while controllers are running remotely (e.g., a software PLC in a private or edge cloud), and there is a radio link (e.g., 5G radio) between the two sides. We propose an in-network traffic reduction method that filters out the unnecessary data traffic at the two ends of the radio link, detects failure of devices and the radio link fast, and does not require any modification in the IO devices and controllers. Our solution is based on the cooperation of two P4-programmable networking elements deployed at the two sides of the radio link. Our preliminary measurements with P4-programmable hardware switches and emulated ProfiNet devices show that the method can significantly reduce the load on the radio link, while it could seamlessly be deployed in existing industrial environments.
3D MODELLING OF LARGE ENVIRONMENTS (2006)

In this paper we describe a vehicle borne data acquisition system for urban environments and associated 3D data management and interactive rendering software. The data acquisition system is capable of acquire 3D data from urban areas with centimetre resolution including automatic capturing of colour. The system includes a management and interactive rendering software which is designed to cope with the huge quantities of data generated by the acquisition system. It uses out-of-core pre-processing to transform data into octrees. Real-time interactive rendering is achieved by using novel techniques such as front-to-back octree traversal, occlusion query and speculative prefetching. The paper presents the results of the described techniques applied to large public areas including the City Centre of Verona, Italy.
Hyperbolic geometry of gene expression (2021)

Patterns of gene expressions play a key role in determining cell state. Although correlations in gene expressions have been well documented, most of the current methods treat them as independent variables. One way to take into account gene correlations is to find a low-dimensional curved geometry that describes variation in the data. Here we develop such a method and find that gene expression across multiple cell types exhibits a low-dimensional hyperbolic structure. When more genes are taken into account, hyperbolic effects become stronger but representation remains low dimensional. The size of the hyperbolic map, which indicates the hierarchical depth of the data, was the largest for human cells, the smallest for mouse embryonic cells, and intermediate in differentiated cells from different mouse organs. We also describe how hyperbolic metric can be incorporated into the t-SNE method to improve visualizations compared with leading methods.
Delivery and characterization of sub-8fs laser pulses at the imaging plane of a two-photon microscope (2011)

We demonstrate a modular and versatile experimental setup that enables straightforward compression (and then shaping) of ultrashort laser pulses at the imaging plane of a two-photon microscope. A commercially available pulse shaper is used in conjunction with a commercially available broadband Ti:Sapphire oscillator to produce sub-8fs pulses at the focus of a high-numerical-aperture objective. Automated adaptive pulse compression, based on multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS), is verified in situ by shaper assisted interferometric autocorrelation. Two-photon excited fluorescence image of a mouse kidney slide is obtained to confirm microscopic sectioning capabilities.
Thin Film Electro-Optic Devices for 50 GHz Applications (2012)

We have demonstrated mm scale, thin film electro-optic modulator utilizing a photonic crystal structure. By decreasing device length the EO response was greater than 50 GHz. The microwave response of the modulator was measured and simulated.
Recombinant polymorphic membrane protein D in combination with a novel, second-generation lipid adjuvant protects against intra-vaginal Chlamydia trachomatis infection in mice (2016)

The development of a chlamydial vaccine that elicits protective mucosal immunity is of paramount importance in combatting the global spread of sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections. While the identification and prioritization of chlamydial antigens is a crucial prerequisite for efficacious vaccine design, it is likely that novel adjuvant development and selection will also play a pivotal role in the translational potential of preclinical Ct vaccines. Although the molecular nature of the immuno-modulatory component is of primary importance, adjuvant formulation and delivery systems may also govern vaccine efficacy and potency. Our study provides the first preclinical evaluation of recombinant Ct polymorphic membrane protein D (rPmpD) in combination with three different formulations of a novel second-generation lipid adjuvant (SLA). SLA was rationally designed in silico by modification of glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA), a TLR4 agonistic precursor molecule currently in Phase II clinical development. We demonstrate robust protection against intra-vaginal Ct challenge in mice, evidenced by significantly enhanced resistance to infection and reduction in mean bacterial load. Strikingly, protection was found to correlate with the presence of robust anti-rPmpD serum and cervico-vaginal IgG titres, even in the absence of adjuvant-induced Th1-type cellular immune responses elicited by each SLA formulation, and we further show that anti-rPmpD antibodies recognize Ct EBs. These findings highlight the utility of SLA and rational molecular design of adjuvants in preclinical Ct vaccine development, but also suggest an important role for anti-rPmpD antibodies in protection against urogenital Ct infection.
Data validation in the Kepler Science Operations Center pipeline (2010)

We present an overview of the Data Validation (DV) software component and its context within the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) pipeline and overall Kepler Science mission. The SOC pipeline performs a transiting planet search on the corrected light curves for over 150,000 targets across the focal plane array. We discuss the DV strategy for automated validation of Threshold Crossing Events (TCEs) generated in the transiting planet search. For each TCE, a transiting planet model is fitted to the target light curve. A multiple planet search is conducted by repeating the transiting planet search on the residual light curve after the model flux has been removed; if an additional detection occurs, a planet model is fitted to the new TCE. A suite of automated tests are performed after all planet candidates have been identified. We describe a centroid motion test to determine the significance of the motion of the target photocenter during transit and to estimate the coordinates of the transit source within the photometric aperture; a series of eclipsing binary discrimination tests on the parameters of the planet model fits to all transits and the sequences of odd and even transits; and a statistical bootstrap to assess the likelihood that the TCE would have been generated purely by chance given the target light curve with all transits removed.
Fabrication of Holey Graphene: Catalytic Oxidation by Metalloporphyrin‐Based Covalent Organic Framework Immobilized on Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite (2017)

We report a facile chemical method for fabricating holey graphene by catalytic oxidation of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using an Fe<sup>III</sup> porphyrin complex-based covalent organic framework (COF) as a bifunctional surface catalyst-template. We demonstrate regular hole formation after oxidation with H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> and NaOCl, COF removal, and HOPG exfoliation.
Brain Abscess Presenting as Prolonged Headache in a Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis under Mechanical Ventilation (2019)

A 57-year-old woman with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) receiving mechanical ventilation developed intractable right temporal headache. She was diagnosed with brain abscess secondary to chronic suppurative otitis media. In this case, the otitis media was caused by nasopharyngeal reflux associated with eustachian tube muscle weakness and a supine position. In addition, ALS patients under mechanical ventilation have a limited ability to convey their pain. Their complaints are often overlooked because many physicians do not know that pain is common in ALS. Physicians should recognize brain abscess as a severe complication of ALS and listen to the complaints of these patients.
Glycine and β‐branched residues support and modulate peptide helicity in membrane environments (1992)

Transmembrane (TM) segments of integral membrane proteins are putatively alpha-helical in conformation once inserted into the membrane, yet consist of primary sequences rich in residues known in soluble proteins as helix-breakers (Gly) and beta-sheet promoters (Ile, Val, Thr). To examine the specific 2 degrees structure propensities of such residues in membrane environments, we have designed and synthesized a series of 20-residue peptides with 'guest' hydrophobic segments--expected to provide three turns of incipient alpha-helix content--embedded in 'host' hydrophilic (Lys-Ser) matrices. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the model peptides in water showed that significant helical content was observed only for peptides with high Ala content; others behaved as 'random coils'. However, in the membrane-mimetic environment of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micelles, it was found that Gly can be accommodated as readily as Ala, and Ile or Val as readily as Leu, in hydrophobic alpha-helices. Further subtleties of structural preferences could be observed in electrically-neutral lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) micelles, where helical propensity decreased in the order Ala-Leu-rich > Gly-Leu-rich > Gly-Ile(Val)-rich hydrophobic segments. The results conjure a role of environment-dependent helix-modulation for Gly, Ile, and Val residues--and suggest that these residues may provide, in part, the structural basis for conformational transitions within or adjacent to membrane domains, such as those accompanying membrane insertion and/or required for transport or signalling functions.
<sup>19</sup>F NMR Spectroscopic Analysis of the Binding Modes in Triple‐Helical Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)/MicroRNA Complexes (2017)

Triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (TFPNAs) were targeted to double-helical regions of <sup>19</sup> F-labeled RNA hairpin models (a UA-rich duplex with a hexaethylene glycol (heg) loop and a microRNA model, miR-215). In addition to conventional UV- and circular dichroism (CD)-based detection, binding was monitored by <sup>19</sup> F NMR spectroscopy. Detailed information on the stoichiometry and transition between the triple-helical peptide nucleic acid (PNA)/RNA and (PNA)<sub>2</sub> /RNA binding modes could be obtained. γ-(R)-Hydroxymethyl-modified thymine-1-yl- and 2-aminopyridin-3-yl-acetyl derivatives of TFPNAs were additionally synthesized, which were targeted to the same RNA models, and the effect of the γ-(R)-hydroxymethyl group on binding was studied. An appropriate pattern of γ-(R)-hydroxymethyl modifications reduced the stability of the ternary complex and preferred stoichiometric binding to the miR-215 model.