gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Upadacitinib on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin or Atorvastatin in Healthy Subjects (2021)

This phase 1, 2-part, 2-period, open-label, drug-drug interaction study evaluated the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between upadacitinib and rosuvastatin, an organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and breast cancer resistance protein substrate, or atorvastatin, a cytochrome P450 3A, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3 substrate, in 36 healthy volunteers. During period 1, a single dose of rosuvastatin (5 mg; part 1) or atorvastatin (10 mg; part 2) was administered on day 1, followed by a washout period of 5 days. During period 2, once-daily doses of upadacitinib extended-release (30 mg) were administered on days 1 to 10, and a single dose of rosuvastatin (5 mg; part 1) or atorvastatin (10 mg; part 2) was administered 1 hour after the upadacitinib dose on day 7. Serial blood samples were collected for assays of drug concentrations. In Part 1, rosuvastatin maximum observed plasma concentration (C<sub>max</sub> ) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC<sub>inf</sub> ) were 23% and 33% lower, respectively, when administered with upadacitinib relative to when administered alone. In part 2, atorvastatin C<sub>max</sub> and AUC<sub>inf</sub> was 11% and 23% lower, respectively, when administered with upadacitinib relative to when administered alone. The C<sub>max</sub> and AUC<sub>inf</sub> of the active metabolite ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin remained unchanged. Administration of a single 5-mg dose of rosuvastatin or a single 10-mg dose of atorvastatin had no relevant effect on upadacitinib C<sub>max</sub> or area under the plasma concentration-time curve. These results demonstrated that upadacitinib has no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin or on substrates transported by OATP1B or breast cancer resistance protein.
Experimental evaluation of bone quality using speed of sound measurement in cadaver mandibles (2004)

This study is the first attempt to use speed of sound (SOS) as a new ultrasonic diagnostic tool for bone quality assessment before oral implant treatment. The objective is to demonstrate the in vitro feasibility of local SOS measurement at the mandible, and to investigate the relationships between mandibular SOS and local bone mineral density (BMD) and the ratio between the trabecular and cortical thickness (Tb.Th/Cort.Th). Fourteen excised human mandible were measured in transmission with a pair of flat 1.6-MHz central frequency transducers. Three regions of interest (ROIs) were selected in the specimens: incisor, premolar and molar regions. Ten measurements with repositioning were performed on each ROI to determine the short-term precision. Dual x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed on the samples for local BMD measurements. Computed tomography (CT) was used to determine mandibular cross-sectional morphological measurements. SOS measurements at different sites were significantly different, reflecting the heterogeneity between the different sites. A strong linear relationship was found between SOS and BMD (r2=0.68, p&amp;lt;0,0001) while a nonlinear relationship was found between SOS and Tb.Th/Cort.Th (r2=0.48, p&amp;lt;0,0001). This study demonstrates in vitro the feasibility of SOS measurement at the mandible. In vitro mandibular SOS reflects local BMD and Tb.Th/Cort.Th before implant.
Thermal Imaging as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool for Anterior Knee Pain Following Implantation of Artificial Knee Joints (2011)

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The variety of radiographic diagnostic used to diagnose pain localised close to metal implants is still limited. Especially magnetic resonance results can not be analysed because of artefacts. In this article we present for the first time a direct correlation between an increase in skin temperature and existent anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) measured with thermography. In a standardised way 26 knees were analysed. Thermographic photos were taken from frontal, medial and lateral directions with a computer-assisted infrared thermograph . In medial location (median 0.95 °C, p=0.0043), as well as in lateral location (median 0.5 °C, p=0.032) temperatures in locations with pain were significantly higher compared to the reference field. M edian temperature difference between pain localization and localizations without pain was 0.7 °C and ranged from 0.1 °C to 1.7 °C on the side of the pain. In the ROC analysis the sensitivity of this method was 1.0 and specificity was 0.917. The evidence of a significant increase in skin temperature on the painful sites opened up the possibility to localize and assess pain more precisely in patients with total knee prosthesis. We consider this novel, rapid, inexpensive and non-invasive technology to posses the potential to become a useful and objective tool for diagnosis of pain and inflammation and to generate digital data that can be stored and analysed in clinical practice.
CCR Translation for the Article from Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Is Synthetic Lethal to Aberrant β-Catenin Activation in Colon Cancer (2023)

CCR Translation for the Article from Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Is Synthetic Lethal to Aberrant β-Catenin Activation in Colon Cancer
Specialization tools and techniques for systematic optimization of system software (2001)

Specialization has been recognized as a powerful technique for optimizing operating systems. However, specialization has not been broadly applied beyond the research community because current techniques based on manual specialization, are time-consuming and error-prone. The goal of the work described in this paper is to help operating system tuners perform specialization more easily. We have built a specialization toolkit that assists the major tasks of specializing operating systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the toolkit by applying it to three diverse operating system components. We show that using tools to assist specialization enables significant performance optimizations without error-prone manual modifications. Our experience with the toolkit suggests new ways of designing systems that combine high performance and clean structure.
PERFORMANCE OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. VOLUME III - ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF FIELD TEST DATA (1998)

This report is one of a series of reports prepared as part of a recent study sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) aimed at updating the state of the art of the design, construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation of continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) pavements. The scope of work of the FHWA study included the following: (1) Conduct of a literature review and preparation of an annotated bibliography on CRC pavements and CRC overlays; (2) Conduct of a field investigation and laboratory testing related to 23 existing inservice pavement sections to evaluate the effect of various design features on CRC pavement performance, to identify any design or construction related problems, and to recommend procedures to improve CRC pavement technology; (3) Evaluation of the effectiveness of various maintenance and rehabilitation strategies for CRC pavements; and (4) Preparation of a Summary Report on the current state of the practice for CRC pavements. Each of these four items is addressed in a separate report. This report, Volume III in the series, presents the results related to the field investigations of selected CRC pavement sections. Also, a summary of data collected to date (1992) for the 83 GPS-5 test sections is presented.
The thioformamidyl group as an α-substituent in carbocations (1995)

Abinitio: molecular orbital calculations at MP2(FULL)/6-311G(d,p) or MP2(FULL)/6-31G(d,p) are reported for carbocations RR′CCHO + , RR′CCHS + , RR′CCONH 2 + , and RR′CCSNH 2 + where R and R′ are H, CH 3 , C -C 3 H 5 , and C 6 H 5 . Primary (R=R′=H), secondary (R=H, R′=alkyl or phenyl), and tertiary (R′=R′=CH 3 ) ions prefer the cyclic oxiranyl or thiiranyl structure 9, with the open structure 8 being a transition structure for ring opening. Tertiary carbocations with R=R′=phenyl or cyclopropyl and the 9-thioformamidyl-9-fluorenyl cation have the open structure. Isodesmic reactions show CONH 2 to be weakly stabilizing in the methyl cation, and CSNH 2 has a larger stabilizing effect, roughly equivalent to that of a methyl group. An α-thioamide substituent is less stabilizing in the ethyl cation and even less stabilizing in the isopropyl cation. In C 6 H 5 CHCSNH 2 + the CSNH 2 group is slightly destabilizing and, by extrapolation, is more destabilizing in Ar 2 CCSNH 2 + . The rearrangement of the α-thioformamidyl-benzyl cation to benzothiophene is calculated to have a low barrier, 15.4 kcal/mol at HF/6-31G(d,p). Keywords: molecular orbitals, destabilized carbocations, rearrangement.
Methods for enhancing P-type doping in III-V semiconductor films (2023)

Methods of doping a semiconductor film are provided. The methods comprise epitaxially growing the III-V semiconductor film in the presence of a dopant, a surfactant capable of acting as an electron reservoir, and hydrogen, under conditions that promote the formation of a III-V semiconductor film doped with the p-type dopant. In some embodiments of the methods, the epitaxial growth of the doped III-V semiconductor film is initiated at a first hydrogen partial pressure which is increased to a second hydrogen partial pressure during the epitaxial growth process.
Two-photon absorption measurements of fluorine-based molecules using femtosecond Z-scan (2005)

We present 2PA spectral measurements of new fluorene-based molecules with electron-withdrawing nitro groups measured using femtosecond Z-scans and compare them to picosecond Z-scan results and 2-photon fluorescence. We observe what looks like one-photon resonance enhancement.
Operator Model for Construction Equipment (2008)

This paper presents the initial results of a virtual operator model designed for wheel loader that can test digital mockups of construction machines before they are built, thus eliminating significant costs and time of building prototypes. The operator model controls virtual wheel loader to simulate evaluation tests and the normal tasks for truck loading cycle. It consists of an event based finite state machine strategy model which selects different subtasks depending on the wheel loader current situation/condition. The operator model generates the human commands to the wheel loader controls lift, tilt, throttle, steering, gears and brakes. It receives feedback with the current condition of the wheel loader from the virtual wheel loader. Depending on the human commands and the wheel loader response, the wheel loader performance can be determined.
CI-RMBPT calculations of photoionization cross sections from quasi-continuum oscillator strengths (2014)

Many applications are in need of accurate photoionization cross-sections, especially in the case of complex atoms. Configuration-interaction relativistic many-body perturbation theory (CI-RMBPT) that has been successful in predicting atomic energies, matrix elements between discrete states, and other properties is quite promising, but it has not been applied to photo-ionization problems owing to extra complications arising from continuum states. In this paper a method that will allow the conversion of discrete CI-(R)MPBT oscillator strengths (OS) to photo-ionization cross sections with minimal modifications of the codes is introduced and CI-RMBPT cross sections of Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe are calculated. A consistent agreement with experiment is found. RMBPT corrections are particularly significant for Ar, Kr, and Xe and improve agreement with experiment compared to the particle-hole CI method. The demonstrated conversion method can be applied to CI-RMBPT photo-ionization calculations for a large number of multi-valence atoms and ions.
A Novel Method for Preparing Copper Nanorods and Nanowires (2003)

Vacuum vapor deposition of copper nanorods and nanowires (see Figure) is reported. This novel one‐step procedure involves copper vapor generation and redeposition on a substrate under very low pressure or vacuum conditions. Nanorods and nanowires of a variety of materials apart from copper, e.g., other metals, alloys, and semiconductors, can also be synthesized using this method.
Long-term outcome after implantation of a suprachoroidal cyclosporine drug delivery device in horses with recurrent uveitis (2010)

This study demonstrated the long-term maintenance of vision of horses with ERU implanted with a CSI. The increased vision loss related to uveitis episode of inflammation in eyes after the likely depletion of CsA from the CSI suggests that a repeat CSI may be required at or before 48 months after surgery.
Conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: A large multicentre study (2015)

We validated MRI lesion load, OCB and age at CIS as the strongest independent predictors of conversion to CDMS in this multicentre setting. A role for vitamin D is suggested but requires further investigation.
Physicochemical Characterization and Effect of Additives of Membrane Vesicles from Brassica oleracea L. to Be Used in Nanofertilization (2021)

Traditional fertilizers and their intensive use cause different environmental problems and new strategies are necessary to deal with these aspects. In this sense, foliar nanofertilization is a new technology postulated as one of the most promising for use in the near future. This type of fertilization has many environmental advantages but there are different factors that require a solution, as it needs to be compatible with other additives. Membrane vesicles derived from plant material have been shown in preliminary studies to have great potential as nanocarriers of different micronutrients such as iron (Fe) or boron (B). A complete optimization of the fertilizer system based on nanocarriers encapsulating different elements from different approaches is key to obtaining a system that is suitable and profitable from an economic point of view. In this work, different physicochemical parameters such as size, potential Z or osmotic water permeability were measured in membrane vesicles obtained from Brassica oleracea L. to check the integrity of vesicles for further biotechnological application. Furthermore, different additives (polyether-modified-polysiloxane [PMP], Tween-20 and polyethylene glycol [PEG]) were added to vesicles at different concentrations of application to determine the effect on the integrity and functionality of the membranes. The results show that the functionality of the membrane vesicles was only reduced with polyether-modified-polysiloxane [PMP], but not altered by the rest of the additives. These analyses serve to support subsequent research to advance the implementation of this nanotechnology.
The common mutations in the lipoprotein lipase gene in Italy: effects on plasma lipids and angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis (2000)

The present study evaluated the role of the common lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mutations on the risk of dyslipidemia and coronary atherosclerosis in an Italian population. Cohorts of 632 patients undergoing coronary angiography, as well as 191 healthy controls, were screened by a combination of PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. In the pooled population, the frequencies of LPL D9N and N291S were 4.1%, with no homozygous carriers, whereas that of LPL S447X was 21% with 19.6% heterozygous and 1.4% homozygous carriers. Compared to non-carriers, LPL N291S carriers showed higher plasma triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.03) and increased risk of high TG phenotype (odds ratio [OR] 2.49, 95% Cl 1.06-5.81; p < 0.03). When this LPL mutation was associated with high body mass index (BMI) ( > 25 Kg/m2) or fasting, plasma insulin (> 10.6 mU ml(-1)) significantly reduced HDL-C levels were also observed. Carriers of the S447X mutation presented with higher HDL-C concentrations (p < 0.05) as compared to non-carriers; they also showed a significantly reduced risk of high TG/low HDL-C dyslipidemia (OR 0.34, 95%, Cl 0.12-0.99; p < 0.05). The favourable effect of the LPL S447X variant was even more pronounced in lean subjects and in those with low insulin levels. No significant influence on plasma lipids by the LPL D9N was observed. None of LPL variants was a significant predictor of angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis. At most, the risk was borderline, increased in N291S carriers and possibly decreased in S447X carriers.
Mechanism for transcriptional action of cyclic AMP in Escherichia coli: entry into DNA to disrupt DNA secondary structure. (1981)

Binding analysis with purified bacterial receptor distinguishes two structural domains in cyclic AMP (cAMP). The first, the cyclic phosphate and furanose, constitutes a binding domain. This region is bound tightly to the receptor. The rest of cAMP is not bound; the adenine moiety of cAMP is exposed. Unlike binding, activity of cAMP requires the adenine moiety. To be active, cAMP must have in domain II the base adenine--specifically, its Watson--Crick atoms N-1 and N-6. Analysis of indoleacetic acid, a compound able to replace cAMP at the L-arabinose operon, indicates a similar distinction between binding and active domains. To be active, the indole must have substitution (carboxyl or amide) electronically comparable to the cAMP N-1 and N-6. On this basis, we propose a detailed mechanism for action of cAMP (or indoleacetic acid) in Escherichia coli. We propose that the exposed adenine of cAMP enters into the DNA. The adenine's N-1 and N-6 form hydrogen bonds to a thymine in DNA. This interaction destabilizes the DNA. It enhances transcription. Marked similarities indicate an identical mechanism for the steroid hormones in eukaryotes.
Neutron irradiation effects on domain wall mobility and reversibility in lead zirconate titanate thin films (2013)

The effects of neutron-induced damage on the ferroelectric properties of thin film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) were investigated. Two sets of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 films of varying initial quality were irradiated in a research nuclear reactor up to a maximum 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence of (5.16 ± 0.03) × 1015 cm−2. Changes in domain wall mobility and reversibility were characterized by polarization-electric field measurements, Rayleigh analysis, and analysis of first order reversal curves (FORC). With increasing fluence, extrinsic contributions to the small-signal permittivity diminished. Additionally, redistribution of irreversible hysterons towards higher coercive fields was observed accompanied by the formation of a secondary hysteron peak following exposure to high fluence levels. The changes are attributed to the radiation-induced formation of defect dipoles and other charged defects, which serve as effective domain wall pinning sites. Differences in damage accumulation rates with initial film quality were observed between the film sets suggesting a dominance of pre-irradiation microstructure on changes in macroscopic switching behavior.
Cost-Effective Configuration of Content Resiliency Services Under Correlated Failures (2006)

Value-added content resiliency services help to migrate the burden of resiliency provisioning and maintenance from service users, especially home users and small/medium organizations, who have difficulty in handling correlated failures that impact large areas. For service providers to achieve business success, however, the cost-effectiveness of their resiliency strategies is critical: while the content resiliency requirements specified by the end users have to be satisfied, excessive preventive operation costs caused by the over-reaction to potential risks should be avoided. In this paper, we study the problem of cost-effective configuration in content resiliency service networks under both independent and geographically correlated failures. We propose a new approach to modeling correlated failures in a representable, quantifiable and consistent way, which allows for both quantified availability guarantees and aggressive prevention cost optimization. We then formulate the costeffective configuration problem in content resiliency services and develop both real optimal and heuristic-based algorithms for solving the problem. Our experiments show that with the help of good models for correlated failures, the operation cost of the services can be significantly reduced without impairing the user-specified content resiliency.
Morphometric Analysis of the Anastomosing Arteriolar Network in Cat Sartorius Muscle (1994)

Topological and geometrical characteristics of the anastomotic arteriolar network in cat sartorius muscle were studied. The vessels were dilated and filled with gelatin-ink solution and the muscle cleared with methylsalicylate. The analysis was done on 11 muscles and included 2297 vascular segments and 772 vascular loops classified according to their position within the network. On average, each muscle had 644 transverse arterioles arising from the anastomotic vessels. The length of vascular segments close to feeding arteries was greater than those located in the central region, while the number of transverse arterioles per unit length of arcade vessel showed an opposite tendency. Most vessel orders had similar diameters, except for the segments at the periphery of the muscle, which were significantly larger. No correlation was found between vessel length and diameter. Vascular loops located in the central part of the network were smaller, as assessed by area, perimeter, number of segments, segment length and number of branches. The variability of the parameters between muscles was smaller than variability within each muscle. We concluded that, in addition to the parameters previously reported, quantitative descriptions of anastomotic networks may be enhanced by considering certain topological aspects of microvessels. The separation of segments and loops according to the position in the network may reveal differences between muscles of different sizes and functions which would not be detected if the vessels were considered as a single group.
Impact of Morphological Features on the Dielectric Breakdown at SiO[sub 2]∕3C-SiC Interfaces (2010)

Thin SiO2 layers were thermally grown onto cubic silicon carbide (3C‐SiC) heteroepitaxial layers of different surface roughness and with different types of near‐surface epitaxial defects. Localized dielectric breakdown (BD) was studied by electrically stressing the system using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (C‐AFM), which constitutes a means to directly and simultaneously observe localized dielectric failure as a function of stress time and surface morphology with nanoscale lateral resolution. The BD kinetics was evaluated by fitting the experimental failure ratios as a function of stress time to the failure probability described by Weibull statistics, in turn allowing to distinguish between defect‐induced (extrinsic) and intrinsic dielectric BD events. The results give useful information about how morphological features at the 3C‐SiC surface influence the BD generation in thermally grown oxides on this polytype.
Poly(ethyleneglycol) in electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (2000)

Poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) substituted by various organic moities were analyzed by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry in order to determine the best experimental protocol allowing reproducible, sensitive and informative spectra in the search of completely automated high throughput identification of libraries generated by the liquid-phase methodology. The nature of the eluent and of the PEG derivatization as well as the value of the sampling cone voltage were investigated by comparing the recorded oligomer distributions.