gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classifying Gamma‐Ray Bursts using Self‐organizing Maps (2002)

Using the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm developed by Kohonen in 1982, we investigate the three gamma-ray burst classes discovered by Mukherjee et al. in 1998 and classify the bursts in the current BATSE catalog. The validity of the classification and the isotropy of the burst classes is examined using well-known statistical methods. We are able to show by this independent unsupervised classifier that two previously observed burst classes are indeed present in BATSE data. We also support the 2000 conclusion of Hakkila et al. that there is no strong statistical signal for the existence of the third class, which might actually be due to an instrumental bias. This result is obtained through our independent analysis method, which is not related to the 2000 analysis of Hakkila et al.
[S20]: Defects in the developing cortical circuits of <i>fmr1</i> mutant mice (2006)

In patients with Fragile X syndrome the fmr1 gene is silenced, leading to a lack of expression of the protein FMRP. The fmr1 knock-out (fmr1-KO) is an excellent model for this developmental disorder. Previous studies, have suggested that the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity are altered in these mice: LTD is enhanced in the hippocampus and cerebellum, while LTP is reduced in the neocortex. However, how these changes relate to changes in neuronal circuits is unknown. Defects in developmental synaptic plasticity could change the synaptic strength of specific projections and could also perturb synaptic stabilization/elimination. We analyzed the circuit development and developmental circuit plasticity of intracortical projections in the barrel cortex of fmr1-KO mice. To measure the structure of functional circuits we used laser scanning photo-stimulation. This technique measures the spatial distribution of presynaptic excitatory neurons of individual postsynaptic cells and hence, the structure of excitatory circuits. At postnatal days (PND) 13–15, the excitatory projections from layer (L) 4 stellate cells to L3 pyramidal cells located above barrels in L3 were weaker in fmr1-KO mice compare to their wt littermates. This circuit defect was accompanied by an abnormal morphology of L4 stellate cell axons, which formed spatially less focused forward projections in the fmr1-KO mice. Both, the circuit and structural phenotypes were developmentally transient and were highly attenuated by PND 19–22. We also studied experience-dependent plasticity induced by whisker trimming. In wild-type mice, early sensory deprivation induced a weakening of the L4 → L3 projections and, simultaneously, a strengthening of the L5A → L3 projections. In fmr1-KO mice, the weakening of L4 → L3 projections was abolished while the strengthening of L5A → L3 projections was maintained. These results demonstrate the importance of FMRP for the normal development and plasticity of specific synaptic projections, and suggest that altered neocortical circuits underlie the Fragile X syndrome.
Retaining (2023)

Abstract This chapter ‘follows the parchment’. When a charter was drawn up, the beneficiary received both that record of transaction and prior written titles of that property; repeated over time, this process formed and combined archives. If we start at its first stage, the initial handover, we see signs that parties of all types, institutions and individuals, clergy and laity, maintained and curated archives. The dorsal notes on the reverse side of numerous originals, summarising key details to facilitate identification and consultation, point to organisational habits and awareness of a need for access common to all levels of society. Charters were not written and then forgotten, or husbanded by the powerful; they were kept at the ready for use as needed. References in documents from the ninth and tenth centuries also imply efforts at storage with greater security or in more accessible order by preparing copies and compiling extracts, leading to the confection of the oldest surviving Iberian cartularies in the later eleventh century. These advanced expressions of medieval archiving were created by the agents of churches and monasteries, who had realised how to use the written word to shape the contours of historical memory and organise the management of property.
Supporting Web Archiving via Web Packaging (2019)

We describe challenges related to web archiving, replaying archived web resources, and verifying their authenticity. We show that Web Packaging has significant potential to help address these challenges and identify areas in which changes are needed in order to fully realize that potential.
Intraband transition in self-doped narrow band gap colloidal quantum dots (2017)

In this article we discuss the infrared properties of self-doped nanocrystals and in particular the case of HgSe. HgSe colloidal quantum dots have recently been reported for their tunable optical features all over the mid infrared from 3 to 20 &mu;m. Their optical absorption is a combination of interband absorption at high energy and intraband absorption at low energy. The latter results from the self-doped character of HgSe. The origin of this self-doping is also discussed. We demonstrated that the doping results from the combination of the narrow band gap and high work function of HgSe, which leads to a reduction of the CQD by the water in the environment. In addition, we demonstrated that the doping density can be tuned over an order of magnitude thanks to the control of the capping ligands.
Constructing Abstraction Hierarchies Using a Skill-Symbol Loop (2015)

We describe a framework for building abstraction hierarchies whereby an agent alternates skill- and representation-construction phases to construct a sequence of increasingly abstract Markov decision processes. Our formulation builds on recent results showing that the appropriate abstract representation of a problem is specified by the agent's skills. We describe how such a hierarchy can be used for fast planning, and illustrate the construction of an appropriate hierarchy for the Taxi domain.
Simultaneous resonant enhanced multiphoton ionization and electron avalanche ionization in gas mixtures (2008)

Resonant enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and electron avalanche ionization (EAI) are measured simultaneously in Ar:Xe mixtures at different partial pressures of mixture components. A simple theory for combined REMPI+EAI in gas mixture is developed. It is shown that the REMPI electrons seed the avalanche process, and thus the avalanche process amplifies the REMPI signal. Possible applications are discussed.
Breaking ground on translational stem cell research (2010)

Sponsored by the New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF), the "Fourth Annual Translational Stem Cell Research Conference: Breaking Ground" convened October 13-14, 2009 at The Rockefeller University in New York City to discuss translational stem cell research. Attracting over 400 scientists, patient advocates, and stem cell research supporters from fifteen countries, the two-day conference featured an afternoon of panel discussions, intended for a broad audience, followed by a second day of scientific talks and poster presentations. This report summarizes both days of this exciting conference.
Correlation between vortex distribution and temperature in YBCO films and YBCO-QMG samples (2003)

We observed vortices with a modified Bitter method by evaporating nickel as the medium of decoration, in film and QMG (which are made with the quench-and-melt-growth method) YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) samples. The temperature range of observation was from 25 K to 90 K, and the external magnetic field was 2 mT. Consequently, we found that the vortex structures of these samples were stable from 25 K to near the critical temperature (/spl sim/90 K). The vortex density was almost three times larger than that estimated from the external magnetic field. This suggests that the vortex motion may be hopping during nickel evaporation.
Inhibition of phospholipase D blocks activation of fibrinogen-adherent neutrophils by tumor necrosis factor (1994)

Tumor necrosis factor stimulates fibrinogen-adherent neutrophils to produce a dramatic oxidative burst; the resulting superoxide and other products may contribute to tissue damage in severe infection. Inhibitors of the phospholipase D pathway blocked this activation without affecting cell adherence or nonspecific activation by phorbol myristate acetate. The phospholipase D pathway appears to be involved in the activation of adherent neutrophils by tumor necrosis factor, and this pathway may be a target for modulation of tumor necrosis factor's effects.
Manipulation of <i>DET1</i> expression in tomato results in photomorphogenic phenotypes caused by post‐transcriptional gene silencing (2004)

The tomato HIGH PIGMENT-2 gene encodes an orthologue of the Arabidopsis nuclear protein DE-ETIOLATED 1 (DET1). From genetic analyses it has been proposed that DET1 is a negative regulator of light signal transduction, and recent results indicate that it may control light-regulated gene expression at the level of chromatin remodelling. To gain further understanding about the function of DET1 during plant development, we generated a range of overexpression constructs and introduced them into tomato. Unexpectedly, we only observed phenotypes characteristic of DET1 inactivation, i.e. hyper-responsiveness to light. Molecular analysis indicated in all cases that these phenotypes were a result of suppression of endogenous DET1 expression, due to post-transcriptional gene silencing. DET1 silencing was often lethal when it occurred at relatively early stages of plant development, whereas light hyper-responsive phenotypes were obtained when silencing occurred later on. The appearance of phenotypes correlated with the generation of siRNAs but not DNA hypermethylation, and was most efficient when using constructs with mutations in the DET1 coding sequence or with constructs containing only the 3'-terminal portion of the gene. These results indicate an important function for DET1 throughout plant development and demonstrate that silencing of DET1 in fruits results in increased carotenoids, which may have biotechnological potential.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATED NITRILES IN HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF 4‐OXO‐4,5‐DIHYDRO‐1,3‐THIAZOL‐2‐ACETAMIDE (1984)

Abstract Cyanacetamid (I) wird mit Mercaptoessigsäure zum Thiazolylacetamid (II) umgesetzt und mit Zimtnitrilen (III) zu Thiazolyl‐pyridin‐Derivaten (IV), (VI) und (VIII) kondensiert.
Size and Carbohydrate Content of Ears of Baby Corn in Relation to Endosperm Type (Su, su, se, sh2) (1993)

Ear size and quality traits of various types of maize (Zea mays L.) ( Su, su, se, sh2 ) used as baby corn were evaluated in field experiments. Ear size increased with time (0 to 6 days) after silking. Optimal stage for harvest was at silking for most cultivars and 6 days after silking for the prolific mini-corn cultivars. Sugar content of baby corn ears of all genotypes consisted primarily of glucose and fructose, with only low levels of sucrose. There was no significant increase in sugar content attributable to the su, se, or sh2 genes compared with Su, thus indicating there is no reason to use sweet corn types instead of the higher-yielding Su types. Total soluble sugar content of the genotypes ranged from ≈20 to 30 mg·g -1 fresh weight. Starch and water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) concentrations in the Su cultivars, which were higher than those in the other endosperm types studied, decreased slightly from 0 to 6 days after silking. However, WSP concentrations were low and not likely to affect quality. Crispness, determined by organoleptic tests, decreased with time of harvest and differed among genotypes.
Decreased serum levels of IgE and IgE-binding factors in individuals infected with HTLV-I (1990)

The cell surface expression of low-affinity Fc epsilon receptor (Fc epsilon RII), which is identical to CD23, and the serum levels of IgE binding factors (IgE BFs), a soluble form of Fc epsilon RII, and IgE were investigated in HTLV-I-infected individuals, and the results were compared with those for HTLV-I-negative controls. The occurrence of Fc epsilon RII+ mononuclear cells did not differ among the blood samples from the HTLV-I-infected groups; however, the levels of serum IgE BFs were significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) in patients with adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), compared with HTLV-I-negative controls. The serum IgE levels were also significantly decreased in these groups, including cases of ATL (P less than 0.001) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (P less than 0.05), and HTLV-I carriers (P less than 0.05), as compared with HTLV-I-negative controls. Since cases of strongyloidiasis or filariasis are frequently found among HTLV-I-infected individuals in Japan, these results may explain in part their defective defence mechanisms for parasites. The possible involvement of IgE BFs in the development of immune deficiency state in HTLV-I infection is also discussed.
Characterization of a newly established human burkitt's lymphoma cell line, OMA‐BL‐1 (1991)

Using culture techniques, we have been able to grow occult tumor cells from the bone marrow from cancer patients and have developed a new malignant lymphoid cell line, OMA-BL-1, from the bone marrow of a 17-year-old patient with recurrent Burkitt's lymphoma. The tumor cells grew rapidly in vitro in suspension culture, and very aggressively in vivo in athymic nude mice with metastases to the liver and abdominal cavity. The morphological, chromosomal, immunophenotypic and molecular biologic characteristics of fresh uncultured tumor cells from the patient and tumor cells grown in culture and in athymic nude mice were very similar. The cells were positive for Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigens (EBNA) and chromosome analysis of the cells revealed an atypical chromosomal abnormality of 45,X,-X,i(8q), HSR(18)(q21),t(8;14)(q24;q32). Southern analysis demonstrated that c-myc was rearranged and amplified in these cells. Immunophenotypic analysis of the cells using flow cytometry showed monoclonal B cells expressing a surface IgG-kappa isotype. The tumor cells grown in nude mice had a significant decrease in CD24 expression when compared to cultured tumor cells. Electron microscopy of the fresh and cultured cells revealed Herpes virus, most likely Epstein-Barr virus, particles. This cell line has been maintained in culture for over 18 months. The aggressive growth and metastatic properties of this cell line in athymic nude mice make it a potentially useful experimental model to study the biology of human lymphoma.
New Insight into Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy: The Potential Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy Mechanisms (2020)

Perturbation in the signaling pathways related to cell survival leads to the initiation and progression of cancer. Regarding the advancement in the cancer pathology, it seems that modulation of autophagy and ER stress are promising.
A new GaN-based high-speed and high-power switching circuit for envelope-tracking modulators (2013)

In this paper, we report a new high-speed and high-power switching circuit based on GaN HEMT's. The elementary switching cell, composed of two GaN HEMT's and two resistors, acts like a power threshold comparator with high-output voltage. Theoretical analysis of static and dynamic circuit operation points out the dependence of efficiency and switching speed to the main circuit elements. Four switching cells are then combined together thanks to SiC Schottky diodes to design a multi-level power switch that can be used as a power supply modulator for envelope tracking power amplifiers. The designed four-level supply modulator, based on Nitronex GaN HEMT's, exhibits more than 75% of efficiency for an envelope signal up to 4 MHz, a switching frequency of 20 MHz and output voltages in the range of 12–30 V.
(1'<i>S</i>,5'<i>S</i>,6'<i>R</i>,8'<i>S</i>)-1-[(6'-Acetoxy-8'-hydroxy-2'-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-5'-yl)oxymethyl]-<i>N</i><sup>4</sup>-benzoylcytosine (1998)

The structure of the title compound, C21H23N3O7, has been determined at 193 K. The equivalent DNA-backbone torsion angles δ (O6′—C6′—C5′—C8′) and γ (C6′—C5′—C8′—O8′) are 157.3 (4) and 67.5 (5)°, respectively. An intramolecular hydrogen bond involving hydroxy O8′ and carbonyl O2 helps fix the molecule in an extended arrangement with the torsion angle C5′—O1—C1—N1 between the bicyclo and pyrimidinyl moieties being 159.9 (4)°.
Support for the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) in Layer 3 VPNs (2010)

RFC 4364 and RFC 4659 define an approach to building providerprovisioned Layer 3 VPNs (L3VPNs) for IPv4 and IPv6. It may be desirable to use Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) to perform admission control on the links between Customer Edge (CE) routers and Provider Edge (PE) routers. This document specifies procedures by which RSVP messages traveling from CE to CE across an L3VPN may be appropriately handled by PE routers so that admission control can be performed on PE-CE links. Optionally, admission control across the provider's backbone may also be supported.
An outer bound on the MIMO BC with evolving current CSIT and perfect delayed CSIT (2014)

We derive a DoF outer bound for the two-user multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channel (MIMO BC) with good-quality delayed channel state information at the transmitter (perfect quality delayed CSIT), and with current CSIT of evolving quality (evolving current CSIT).
Accurate age classification of 6 and 12 month-old infants based on resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging data (2020)

Human large-scale functional brain networks are hypothesized to undergo significant changes over development. Little is known about these functional architectural changes, particularly during the second half of the first year of life. We used multivariate pattern classification of resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) data obtained in an on-going, multi-site, longitudinal study of brain and behavioral development to explore whether fcMRI data contained information sufficient to classify infant age. Analyses carefully account for the effects of fcMRI motion artifact. Support vector machines (SVMs) classified 6 versus 12 month-old infants (128 datasets) above chance based on fcMRI data alone. Results demonstrate significant changes in measures of brain functional organization that coincide with a special period of dramatic change in infant motor, cognitive, and social development. Explorations of the most different correlations used for SVM lead to two different interpretations about functional connections that support 6 versus 12-month age categorization.
Consistent illumination within optical see-through augmented environments (2004)

We present techniques which create a consistent illumination between real and virtual objects inside an application specific optical see-through display: the virtual showcase. We use projectors and cameras to capture reflectance information from diffuse real objects and to illuminate them under new synthetic lighting conditions. Matching direct and indirect lighting effects, such as shading, shadows, reflections and color bleeding can be approximated at interactive rates in such a controlled mixed environment.
Activity of Supercooled Water on the Ice Curve and Other Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Water up to the Boiling Point at Standard Pressure (2018)

A simple model for thermodynamic properties of water from subzero temperatures up to 373 K was derived at ambient pressure. The heat capacity of supercooled water was assessed as lambda transition. The obtained properties for supercooled water such as heat capacity, vapor pressure, density and thermal expansion are in excellent agreement with literature data. Activity of water on ice curve, independent of used electrolyte and Debye-Hückel constant applied in modeling, is also calculated. Thus, the ice curve activity of supercooled water can be used as a universal basis for thermodynamic modeling of aqueous solutions, precipitating hydrated and anhydrous solids. A simple model for heat capacity, density and thermal expansion of ice are also derived from 170 K up to melting point.
MALT lymphoma and other marginal zone lymphomas (2001)

Lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) comprises about 7–8% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It is a neoplasm of adults with a median age at presentation of about 60 years and with a slightly higher proportion of females than males. The presenting symptoms are essentially related to the primary location. Few patients present with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or β2 microglobulin levels. Constitutional B symptoms are extremely uncommon. MALT lymphoma usually remains localized for a prolonged period within the tissue of origin, but dissemination to multiple sites is not uncommon and has been reported in up to one-quarter of cases, with either synchronous or metachronous involvement of multiple mucosal sites or non-mucosal sites such as bone marrow, spleen or liver. Regional lymph nodes can also be involved. Bone-marrow involvement is reported in up to 20% of cases. The stomach is the commonest localization, representing about one-third of the cases. Other typical presentation sites include the salivary glands, the orbit, the thyroid and the lung; the frequency at different organs is shown in Table 9.1.
Effects of Varying Locations for Biceps Tendon Tenotomy and Superior Labral Integrity on Shoulder Stability in a Cadaveric Concavity‐Compression Model (2014)

Preservation of superior labrum after biceps tenotomy provides increased resistive force to superior translation in a unidirectional biomechanical model.
Roles for TAB1 in regulating the IL-1-dependent phosphorylation of the TAB3 regulatory subunit and activity of the TAK1 complex (2021)

The protein kinase TAK1 (transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1), which has been implicated in the activation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades and the production of inflammatory mediators by LPS (lipopolysaccharide), IL-1 (interleukin 1) and TNF (tumour necrosis factor), comprises the catalytic subunit complexed to the regulatory subunits, termed TAB (TAK1-binding subunit) 1 and either TAB2 or TAB3. We have previously identified a feedback-control mechanism by which p38 alpha MAPK down-regulates TAK1 and showed that p38 alpha MAPK phosphorylates TAB1 at Ser(423) and Thr(431). In the present study, we identified two IL-1-stimulated phosphorylation sites on TAB2 (Ser(372) and Ser(524)) and three on TAB3 (Ser(60), Thr(404) and Ser(506)) in human IL-1R cells [HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells that stably express the IL-1 receptor] and MEFs (mouse embryonic fibroblasts). Ser(372) and Ser(524) of TAB2 are not phosphorylated by pathways dependent on p38 alpha/beta MAPKs, ERK1/2 (extracellular- signal -regulated kinase 1/2) and JNK1/2 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2). In contrast, Ser(60) and Thr(404) of TAB3 appear to be phosphorylated directly by p38 alpha MAPK, whereas Ser(506) is phosphorylated by MAPKAP-K2/MAPKAPK-K3 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 and 3), which are protein kinases activated by p38 alpha MAPK. Studies using TAB1(-/-) MEFs indicate important roles for TAB1 in recruiting p38 alpha MAPK to the TAK1 complex for the phosphorylation of TAB3 at Ser(60) and Thr(404) and in inhibiting the dephosphorylation of TAB3 at Ser(506). TAB1 is also required to induce TAK1 catalytic activity, since neither IL-1 nor TNF alpha was able to stimulate detectable TAK1 activity in TAB1(-/-) MEFs. Surprisingly, the IL-1 and TNF alpha-stimulated activation of MAPK cascades and I kappa B (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B) kinases were similar in TAB1(-/-), MEKK3(-/-) [MAPK/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase kinase 3] and wild-type MEFs, suggesting that another MAP3K (MAPK kinase kinase) may mediate the IL-1/TNF alpha-induced activation of these signalling pathways in TAB1(-/-) and MEKK3(-/-) MEFs.