gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate-Constrained Remote Contextual Bandits (2022)

We consider a rate-constrained contextual multi-armed bandit (RC-CMAB) problem, in which a group of agents are solving the same contextual multi-armed bandit (CMAB) problem. However, the contexts are observed by a remotely connected entity, i.e., the decision-maker, that updates the policy to maximize the returned rewards, and communicates the arms to be sampled by the agents to a controller over a rate-limited communications channel. This framework can be applied to personalized ad placement, whenever the content owner observes the website visitors, and hence has the context, but needs to transmit the ads to be shown to a controller that is in charge of placing the marketing content. Consequently, the rate-constrained CMAB (RC-CMAB) problem requires the study of lossy compression schemes for the policy to be employed whenever the constraint on the channel rate does not allow the uncompressed transmission of the decision-maker’s intentions. We characterize the fundamental information theoretic limits of this problem by letting the number of agents go to infinity, and study the regret that can be achieved, identifying the two distinct rate regions leading to linear and sub-linear regrets respectively. We then analyze the optimal compression scheme achievable in the limit with infinite agents, when using the forward and reverse KL divergence as distortion metric. Based on this, we also propose a practical coding scheme, and provide numerical results.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of the<i>hyu</i>Genes from<i>Microbacterium liquefaciens</i>AJ 3912, Responsible for the Conversion of 5-Substituted Hydantoins to α-Amino Acids, in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

A DNA fragment from Microbacterium liquefaciens AJ 3912, containing the genes responsible for the conversion of 5-substituted-hydantoins to alpha-amino acids, was cloned in Escherichia coli and sequenced. Seven open reading frames (hyuP, hyuA, hyuH, hyuC, ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3) were identified on the 7.5 kb fragment. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded by the hyuA gene included the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the hydantoin racemase from M. liquefaciens AJ 3912. The hyuA, hyuH, and hyuC genes were heterologously expressed in E. coli; their presence corresponded with the detection of hydantoin racemase, hydantoinase, and N-carbamoyl alpha-amino acid amido hydrolase enzymatic activities respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of hyuP were similar to those of the allantoin (5-ureido-hydantoin) permease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that hyuP protein might function as a hydantoin transporter.
Adenosine kinase from<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>: structural basis for the differential incorporation of nucleoside analogues (2012)

In adult schistosomes, the enzyme adenosine kinase (AK) is responsible for the incorporation of some adenosine analogues, such as 2-fluoroadenosine and tubercidin, into the nucleotide pool, but not others. In the present study, the structures of four complexes of Schistosoma mansoni AK bound to adenosine and adenosine analogues are reported which shed light on this observation. Two differences in the adenosine-binding site in comparison with the human counterpart (I38Q and T36A) are responsible for their differential specificities towards adenosine analogues, in which the Schistosoma enzyme does not tolerate bulky substituents at the N7 base position. This aids in explaining experimental data which were reported in the literature more than two decades ago. Furthermore, there appears to be considerable plasticity within the substrate-binding sites that affects the side-chain conformation of Ile38 and causes a previously unobserved flexibility within the loop comprising residues 286-299. These results reveal that the latter can be sterically occluded in the absence of ATP. Overall, these results contribute to the body of knowledge concerning the enzymes of the purine salvage pathway in this important human parasite.
Biotechnological Breakthrough Improves Performance of Moderate to High-Temperature Fracturing Applications (1994)

ABSTRACT Historically, the application of breakers in fracturing fluids at elevated temperatures has been a compromise between maintaining proppant transport and achieving the desired fracture conductivity. Conventional oxidative breakers react rapidly at elevated temperatures, potentially leading to catastrophic loss of proppant transport. Encapsulated oxidative breakers have experienced limited utility at elevated temperatures due to a tendency to release prematurely or to have been rendered ineffective through payload self-degradation prior to release. Enzymes, from a theoretical perspective, are known to provide superior performance relative to oxidative breakers. This is due to the inherent specificity and the "infinite" polymer-degrading activity of enzymes. However, the application of enzymes has historically been limited to low-temperature fracturing treatments due to the perceived pH and temperature constraints. Recent developments in biotechnology have resulted in the isolation of hyper-thermophilic organisms, which led to the separation and purification of extreme temperature-stable, polymer-specific enzymes. Laboratory evaluations utilizing these enzymes as gel breakers have demonstrated exceptional performance capabilities over a pH range of 3-11 and temperatures exceeding 300°F. Performance properties of systems incorporating the new breakers are provided, including rheology, proppant transport, and retained permeability. Case histories of fractured wells in several moderate to high-temperature reservoirs are provided to validate the utility of this technological breakthrough. The data illustrate that the enzyme breakers can be successfully incorporated without compromising proppant transport capabilities, yielding improved productivity relative to observations in offset cases treated with conventional breakers.
Life history shapes variation in egg composition in the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus (2018)

Maternal investment directly shapes early developmental conditions and therefore has long-term fitness consequences for the offspring. In oviparous species prenatal maternal investment is fixed at the time of laying. To ensure the best survival chances for most of their offspring, females must equip their eggs with the resources required to perform well under various circumstances, yet the actual mechanisms remain unknown. Here we describe the blue tit egg albumen and yolk proteomes and evaluate their potential to mediate maternal effects. We show that variation in egg composition (proteins, lipids, carotenoids) primarily depends on laying order and female age. Egg proteomic profiles are mainly driven by laying order, and investment in the egg proteome is functionally biased among eggs. Our results suggest that maternal effects on egg composition result from both passive and active (partly compensatory) mechanisms, and that variation in egg composition creates diverse biochemical environments for embryonic development.
An efficient method for characterizing time-evolutional interface state and its correlation with the device degradation in LDD n-MOSFETs (1996)

A new characterization method is proposed to study the relationship between the hot-carrier-induced interface state N/sub it/(x) and the device drain current degradation of submicron LDD n-MOSFETs. In this method, by making use of the conventional charge pumping measurement in combination with the power-law dependence of interface damages on stress time, the spatial distribution N/sub it/(x) and the effective damaged length L/sub dam/ can be easily extracted. The time evolution of the interface state generation and its correlation with the device degradation can then be well explained. It is worthwhile to note that this newly developed method requires no repetitive charge pumping measurements, and hence avoids he likely imposition of re-stress on tested devices. By combining the characterized L/sub dam/ and N/sub it/ quantitatively, the results show that the damage at L/sub dam/ and V/sub GS//spl ap/V/sub DS//2 is most highly localized among various stress biases, which can explain why the generated interface states will dominate the device drain current degradation at this bias after long-term operating conditions.
Adaptive Orthogonal Beamforming for the Mimo Broadcast Channel (2007)

This paper addresses both the user selection and the linear precoding design of a MIMO broadcast channel where the number of users is assumed to be greater than the number of transmit antennas. The optimization criterion considered is the sum-rate. A greedy algorithm tackling jointly the two issues is developed. It sequentially adds new users so as their beamformers build up an orthonormal basis which is optimized with the help of the channel knowledge assumed to be exhaustive. This solution benefits asymptotically (in the limit of a large number of users) from the full multiplexing and multiuser diversity gains alike the capacity achieving dirty paper coding. Moreover, it exhibits better results than existing schemes and offers some advantages resulting from the choice of an orthogonal structure.
Achieving Control over the Branched/Linear Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Amination (2013)

Palladium-catalyzed reaction of unsymmetrical allylic electrophiles with amines gives rise to regioisomeric allylic amines. We have found that linear products result from the thermodynamically controlled isomerization of the initially formed branched products. The isomerization is promoted by protic acid and active palladium catalyst. The use of base shuts down the isomerization pathway and allows for the preparation and isolation of branched allylic amines. Solvent plays a key role in achieving high kinetic regioselectivity and in controlling the rate of isomerization. The isomerization can be combined with ring-closing metathesis to afford the synthesis of exocyclic allylic amines from their endocyclic precursors.
Modeling Acinetobacter baumannii wound infections (2016)

The ability of A. baumannii to cause infections in traumatized wound relies on its ability to scavenge iron and can be prevented by iron supplementation to the wound milieu.
Catecholamines in depression: an update (1994)

Despite extensive research, the biochemical abnormalities underlying the predisposition to and the pathogenesis of affective disorders remain to be clearly established. Efforts to study norepinephrine (NE) output and function have utilized biochemical assays, neuroendocrine challenge strategies, and measures of peripheral blood cell receptors; the cumulative database points to a dysregulation of the noradrenergic system. Depressed patients (in particular, melancholic, unipolar subjects) excrete disproportionately greater amounts of NE and its major extraneuronal metabolite, normetanephrine, than do controls. Depressed patients also show subsensitive neuroendocrine (growth hormone) and biochemical (inhibition of adenylate cyclase) responses to alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, suggesting that subsensitivity of nerve terminal alpha 2 autoreceptors may underlie the exaggerated plasma NE observed in response to various challenges in affective disorders. Future advances in brain imaging techniques and in the molecular biology of adrenergic receptor-coupled signal transduction systems offer promise for meaningful advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of affective disorders.
Effect of [60]fullerene on the radical polymerization of alkenes (1997)

AIBN-initiated radical polymerization of 2-cyanoethyl acrylate and cyanovinyl acetate in the presence of [60]fullerene produces copolymers in good yields, whereas for most other vinyl monomers [60]fullerene almost completely inhibits the polymerization.
Effects of gut-derived endotoxin on anxiety-like and repetitive behaviors in male and female mice (2018)

In spite of the ubiquitous nature of LPS in the gut lumen, this is the first study to demonstrate that intestinally derived LPS can initiate behavioral aspects of the sickness response. While an increased enteric load of LPS increases anxiety-like behavior in both sexes, it likely does so via sex-specific mechanisms. Similarly, TLR4 signaling may promote baseline expression of repetitive behavior differently in males and females. This study lays the groundwork for future interrogations into connections between gut-derived endotoxin and behavioral pathology in males and females.
Toward an on-chip multiplexed nucleic acid hybridization assay using immobilized quantum dot-oligonucleotide conjugates and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (2011)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) are a class of NP with photophysical properties that are ideally suited for optical multiplexing and use as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). A new strategy is presented for the development of multiplexed DNA hybridization assays using immobilized QDs in a microfluidic system. Green- or red-emitting QDs were immobilized via self-assembly with a multidentate-thiol-derivatized glass slide, and subsequently conjugated with amine-terminated probe oligonucleotides using carbodiimide activation. Immobilized QD-probe conjugates were then passivated with adsorbed non-complementary oligonucleotides to achieve selectivity in microfluidic assays. Target nucleic acid sequences hybridized with QD-probe conjugates and were labeled with Cy3 or Alexa Fluor 647 as acceptor dyes for the QD donors, where FRET-sensitized dye emission provided a signal for the detection of picomolar quantities of target. The simultaneous immobilization of green- and red-emitting QDs at different ratios within a microfluidic channel was demonstrated as a step toward multiplexed assays.
Multidimensional Scaling in the Poincare Disk (2011)

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a class of projective algorithms traditionally used in Euclidean space to produce two- or three-dimensional visualizations of datasets of multidimensional points or point distances. More recently however, several authors have pointed out that for certain datasets, hyperbolic target space may provide a better fit than Euclidean space. 
In this paper we develop PD-MDS, a metric MDS algorithm designed specifically for the Poincare disk (PD) model of the hyperbolic plane. Emphasizing the importance of proceeding from first principles in spite of the availability of various black box optimizers, our construction is based on an elementary hyperbolic line search and reveals numerous particulars that need to be carefully addressed when implementing this as well as more sophisticated iterative optimization methods in a hyperbolic space model.
Repression of the basal c-fos promoter by wild-type p53 (1992)

Mutations in the p53 gene are the most common genetic alterations observed in many inherited and sporadic forms of human cancer. Recent studies indicate that wild-type p53 may be involved in the regulation of gene expression. In the present report we examined the effect of p53 on the human c-fos promoter. Using a transient co-transfection assay we show that wild-type human p53, but not a transforming mutant of p53, negatively regulates the activity of the c-fos promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Promoter deletion analysis maps a sequence conferring p53 repression to the basal promoter region between nucleotides -53 and +42 relative to the cap site. In contrast, p53 strongly stimulates transcription when a sequence previously reported to bind p53 (TGCCT repeat) was inserted in front of the HSV-TK promoter driving CAT. These findings raise the question as to whether p53 may mediate its inhibitory effect on c-fos gene expression by interfering, directly or indirectly, with components of the basal transcriptional machinery.
Synthesis of (–)-Lundurine A (2015)

Key words (–)-lundurine A - indole alkaloids - Simmons–Smith reaction - cyclopropane - gem-diiodide
Soft Real-Time OLAP: Exploiting Modern Hardware without Breaking the Bank (2014)

Contemporary Online Analytical Processing systems often make extensive use of view materialization in order to minimize the cost of run-time query processing on massive data sets. Due to the cost of generation and maintenance, however, such views have typically been updated only in periodic batches. That being said, users of Big Data analytics platforms are demanding an increasingly shorter update cycle. In this paper, we present a framework for what we call soft real-time OLAP. Specifically, we employ view partitioning and maintain an additional "hot" partition that absorbs incoming update streams. We then augment this strategy with multi-core processing so as to further accelerate view construction and query resolution. Initial experiments with input sets of up to 10 million tuples show that our framework improves update performance by almost two orders of magnitude, while significantly reducing view construction and query costs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Isomeric Classes of Topically Active Ocular Hypotensive Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: 5‐Substituted Thieno(2,3‐b)thiophene‐2‐sulfonamides and 5‐Substituted Thieno(3,2‐b)thiophene‐2‐sulfonamides. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fuzzy Online Reputation Analysis Framework (2012)

The fuzzy online reputation analysis framework, or “foRa” (plural of forum, the Latin word for marketplace) framework, is a method for searching the Social Web to find meaningful information about reputation. Based on an automatic, fuzzy-built ontology, this framework queries the social marketplaces of the Web for reputation, combines the retrieved results, and generates navigable Topic Maps. Using these interactive maps, communications operatives can zero in on precisely what they are looking for and discover unforeseen relationships between topics and tags. Thus, using this framework, it is possible to scan the Social Web for a name, product, brand, or combination thereof and determine query-related topic classes with related terms and thus identify hidden sources. This chapter also briefly describes the youReputation prototype (www.youreputation.org), a free Web-based application for reputation analysis. In the course of this, a small example will explain the benefits of the prototype.
Stability and symmetry breaking in metal nanowires: The nanoscale free-electron model (2006)

A general linear stability analysis of simple metal nanowires is presented using a continuum approach that correctly accounts for material-specific surface properties and electronic quantum-size effects. The competition between surface tension and electron-shell effects leads to a complex landscape of stable structures as a function of diameter, cross section, and temperature. By considering arbitrary symmetry-breaking deformations, it is shown that the cylinder is the only generically stable structure. Nevertheless, a plethora of structures with broken axial symmetry is found at low conductance values, including wires with quadrupolar, hexapolar, and octupolar cross sections. These nonintegrable shapes are compared to previous results on elliptical cross sections, and their material-dependent relative stability is discussed.
Generation of Antibodies Against Prion Protein by Scrapie-Infected Cell Immunization of PrP <sup>0/0</sup> Mice (2003)

Four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for prion protein (PrP) were generated by using PrP-knockout mice immunized with a scrapie-infected mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2a/22L). The MAbs reacted with both the cellular form (PrP(C)) and the protease K-treated form (PrP(Sc)) on Western blotting. Of the four MAbs, three recognized mouse and hamster PrP, while the remaining MAb recognized mouse, sheep, and bovine PrPs. In addition, these MAbs were shown to react only with the unglycosylated and monoglycoslated forms of PrP(Sc) in N2a/22L, but reacted with all glycosylated forms of PrP(C) and PrP(Sc) from mouse brain. This study was the first to report the development of anti-PrP MAbs using scrapie-infected cells as an immunogen and provides one approach for the generation of PrP-specific MAbs.
Broad-band polarization-insensitive all-dielectric metalens enabled by intentional off-resonance waveguiding at mid-wave infrared (2019)

Metasurfaces are promising candidates to take the place of conventional optical components as they enable wavefront engineering at sub- and near-wavelength distances along both lateral and vertical directions. Plasmonic metasurfaces containing sub-wavelength metallic structures constitute initial examples of this concept. However, plasmonic metasurfaces cannot achieve satisfactory efficiencies in the transmission mode due to their intrinsic losses. The low efficiencies of transmissive plasmonic metasurfaces motivated solutions using dielectric ones. Such high-efficiency all dielectric metasurfaces depend on either resonance tuning or Pancharatnam–Berry (geometrical) phase approaches. However, these approaches are limited to either narrow operation bands or suffer polarization dependency. Here, we propose and show high-index dielectric nanopillars operated as cylindrical waveguides deliberately in the off-resonance regime to achieve polarization independent wavefront control over wide spectral bands. As a proof-of-concept structure, we demonstrated a focusing metalens operating at wavelengths from 4.0 to 4.6 μm under both s- and p-polarized illuminations. The designed lens maintains the focusing operation with a maximum of 4% focal distance shift having a relative efficiency of &amp;gt;94% and an absolute efficiency of &amp;gt;67% all over the defined spectral band of 600 nm, which outperforms the previously reported metalenses in terms of wide-band operation with high performance.
The determination of the axial Young's modulus of honeycomb specimens under bending (2017)

Abstract For solid specimens, Young's modulus is commonly determined from straightforward uniaxial tension experiments. However, honeycomb specimens are far more challenging to test in tension, and it is therefore desirable to conduct bending experiments to determine Young's modulus. The premise of this work is that the bending response of honeycomb specimens may be significantly different from that of solid specimens, and therefore it is necessary to establish a sound protocol for the determination of the axial Young's modulus of honeycomb specimens under bending. Toward this goal, we present results of a study that combines experimental, finite element simulation, and classical beam theory approaches. These results confirm that accurate measurements of Young's modulus of honeycombs require careful consideration of the specimen geometry and analysis of the data. We demonstrate that the use of conventional Bernoulli‐Euler's beam theory to interpret the data requires very slender specimens. We also show that less slender specimens can be used if the experimental data is interpreted on the basis of three‐dimensional elasticity theory and numerical simulations. A third option is to use a combination of moderately slender specimens and Timoshenko's beam theory.