gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient quantum walk on a quantum processor (2016)

The random walk formalism is used across a wide range of applications, from modelling share prices to predicting population genetics. Likewise, quantum walks have shown much potential as a framework for developing new quantum algorithms. Here we present explicit efficient quantum circuits for implementing continuous-time quantum walks on the circulant class of graphs. These circuits allow us to sample from the output probability distributions of quantum walks on circulant graphs efficiently. We also show that solving the same sampling problem for arbitrary circulant quantum circuits is intractable for a classical computer, assuming conjectures from computational complexity theory. This is a new link between continuous-time quantum walks and computational complexity theory and it indicates a family of tasks that could ultimately demonstrate quantum supremacy over classical computers. As a proof of principle, we experimentally implement the proposed quantum circuit on an example circulant graph using a two-qubit photonics quantum processor.
A Nonlinear Psychoacoustic Model Applied to ISO/MPEG Layer 3 Coder (1995)

A psychoacoustic model which approximates the masked threshold evoked by complex sounds is presented. It features nonlinear superposition of masking components in order to generate masked thresholds which closely match known psychoacoustic data. First results obtained with the psychoacoustic model for controlling the quantizers of the ISO MPEG Layer 3 coder are discussed. 1 Introduction Significant improvements of high quality audio bit rate reduction have been achieved by considering the properties of the human auditory perception. This is generally realized by the introduction of a psychoacoustic model which generates the masked threshold evoked by a sound signal and which controls the quantizers of a coding system. The masked threshold for quantization errors is defined as the maximum level of quantization noise which is just non audible in the presence of a masking sound. Therefore, the quantization noise will only become audible if the level exceeds the masked threshold. Bit rate...
Electronic Control of Soliton Self-Mode Conversion (2022)

We demonstrate control of soliton self-mode conversion - a process capable of producing energetic ultrashort pulses - solely by chirping the pump, yielding nearly constant pulse energy, transform-limited sub-100-fs pulses in the 1000-1300 nm range.
A Novel AFM Chip for Fountain Pen Nanolithography-Design and Microfabrication (2004)

A novel atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe has been developed to expand the capability and applications of dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) technology. This new probe has integrated microchannels and reservoirs for continuous ink feed, which allow “fountain-pen ” writing called “Fountain Pen Nanolithography ” (FPN). Ink is transported from the reservoirs through the microchannels and eventually dispensed onto substrates via a volcano-like dispensing tip. Numerical simulations have been performed to select optimal materials and suitable tip shapes providing a stable fluid-air interface in the tip. Microchannel and dispensing tip have been fabricated by surface micromachining, in particular employing 3 layers of thin films. Fluid flow through the microchannels has been experimentally examined. The probe was used to write on a gold substrate.
Adjuvants that Empower the Action of Photodynamic Therapy (2020)

Compounds have been devised whose supportive actions make them important adjuvants in the priming of photosensitization to selectively target cancer cells. Here, we highlight the paper by Maytin and Hasan in this issue of Photochemistry & Photobiology, which describes adjuvants methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vitamin D and its analogs leading to improved photodynamic therapy outcome. These small molecule adjuvants act by different mechanisms to enhance the cytotoxicity in tumor cells and the therapeutic effect in cancers. These findings add to the list of strategies for enhancement of photodynamic therapy.
Photorealistic 3D mapping of indoors by RGB-D scanning process (2013)

In this work, a RGB-D input stream is utilized for GPU-boosted 3D reconstruction of textured indoor environments. The goal is to develop a process which produces standard 3D models from indoors to explore them virtually. Camera motion is tracked in 3D space by registering the current view with a reference view. Depending on the trajectory shape, the reference is either fetched from a concurrently built keyframe model or from a previous RGB-D measurement. Realtime tracking (30Hz) is executed on a low-end GPU, which is possible because structural data is not fused concurrently. After camera poses have been estimated, both trajectory and structure are refined in post-processing. The global point cloud is compressed into a watertight polygon mesh by using Poisson reconstruction method. The Poisson method is well-suited, because it compressed the raw data without introducing multiple geometries and also fills holes efficiently. Holes are typically introduced at occluded regions. Texturing is generated by backprojecting the nearest RGB image onto the mesh. The final model is stored in a standard 3D model format to allow easy user exploration and navigation in virtual 3D environment.
Detection of Ubiquitylated Proteins in Yeast (2006)

INTRODUCTIONThis assay is performed to detect ubiquitylated proteins in yeast. Yeast that have been transformed with a vector expressing polyhistidine-tagged ubiquitin (Ub) under the control of a copper-inducible promoter are grown, induced with copper, and harvested. Total ubiquitylated proteins are then recovered by nickel-affinity chromatography, and specific proteins are detected by Western blotting.
Honeycomb Textured Multicrystalline Silicon Via Nanoimprint Lithoghraphy (2009)

A new approach for realizing a defined texture on multicrystalline silicon for solar cells was investigated. The necessary etching mask is structured via UV-Nanoimprint Lithography as a potential substitute for photolithography. This emerging technology offers new possibilities in terms of resolution, shape of the structured patterns and requirements to the substrate´s surface quality. After the UV sensitive resist is structured and crosslinked, it serves as etching mask within a reactive ion etching process. To evaluate the quality of the textured surfaces, optical as well as electrical characterisation was conducted.
Multimodal Effects of Local Context on Target Detection: Evidence from P3b (2008)

We used the P300 component to investigate how changes in local context influenced the ability to detect target stimuli. Local context was defined as the occurrence of a short predictive series of stimuli before delivery of a target event. EEG was recorded in 12 subjects during auditory and visual sessions. Stimuli were presented in the center of the auditory and visual field and consisted of 15% targets (1000 Hz tone or downward facing triangle) and 85% of equal amounts of three types of standards (1500, 2000, and 2500 Hz tones or triangles facing left, upward, and right). Recording blocks consisted of targets preceded by either randomized sequences of standards or by sequences including a three-standard predictive sequence signaling the occurrence of a subsequent target event. Subjects pressed a button in response to targets. Peak target P300 (P3b) amplitude and latency were evaluated for targets after predictive and nonpredictive sequences using conventional averaging and a novel single-trial analysis procedure. Reaction times were shorter for predictable targets than for nonpredicted targets. P3b latency was shorter for predicted targets than for nonpredictive targets, and there were no significant P3b amplitude differences between predicted and random targets, as determined by both conventional averaging and single-trial analysis. Comparable effects on amplitude and latency were observed in both the auditory and visual modalities. The results indicate that local context has differential effects on P3b amplitude and latency, and exerts modality-independent effects on cognitive processing.
Uncalibrated dynamic stereo using parallax (2013)

In this paper a novel method for computing parallax maps from monocular and uncalibrated video sequences is described. Acquired frames are processed pairwise, starting from a first reference and progressively integrating information coming from subsequent frames in temporal order using a Kalman filter. In this way, temporal stabilization of the generated maps is obtained as well as more consistency with the real video content. Results and evidences coming from the benchmark of the system on both synthetic and natural images have also been reported, showing significant improvements with respect to the parallax maps obtained without temporal integration.
Alterations of di(<b><i>n</i></b>-butyl)phthalate-induced oxidative stress in the testis of hypothyroid rats (2007)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of di(n-butyl)phthalate (DBP) on oxidative damage in the testes of hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced by administering 0.1% 6-N-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 30 days. DBP was dissolved in corn oil and administered daily for 30 days by oral gavage. Significant decreases in testes weight were observed both in normal (DBP) and hypothyroid (PTU + DBP) groups. Serum testosterone concentrations were significantly reduced in the DBP groups, but no significant change occurred in hypothyroid rats. Di(n-butyl)phthalate significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in the testes, whereas the DBP-induced oxidative lipid (MDA) and DNA (8-OHdG) damage were less in hypothyroid rats. PTU-induced hypothyroid rats decreased testicular catalase activity, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities did not show any significant changes. However, the DBP and PTU + DBP groups significantly increased catalase and SOD activities in testis. The testicular expression of thyroid hormone receptor α-1 (TRα-1) was significantly increased in the DBP and PTU + DBP groups. In contrast, androgen receptor (AR) protein levels were not detected in the DBP and PTU + DBP groups. Di(n-butyl)phthalate significantly increased the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-r (PPAR-r) and retinoid X receptor-α (RXR-α) levels. Peroxisome proliferators activated-receptors-α and RXR-r protein levels were markedly decreased in the DBP groups, but these protein levels increased in the PTU + DBP group, as compared to DBP alone. These results suggest that PTU-induced hypothyroidism may protect against oxidative damage in the testis, probably due to the regulation of the PPAR and RXR expression, which is associated with decreased metabolic activation of DBP.
The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis of Traumatic Brain Injury (2020)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents an important problem of global health. The damage related to TBI is first due to the direct injury and then to a secondary phase in which neuroinflammation plays a key role. NLRP3 inflammasome is a component of the innate immune response and different diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, are characterized by NLRP3 activation. This review aims to describe NLRP3 inflammasome and the consequences related to its activation following TBI. NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 are significantly upregulated after TBI, therefore, the use of nonspecific, but mostly specific NLRP3 inhibitors is useful to ameliorate the damage post-TBI characterized by neuroinflammation. Moreover, NLRP3 and the molecules associated with its activation may be considered as biomarkers and predictive factors for other neurodegenerative diseases consequent to TBI. Complications such as continuous stimuli or viral infections, such as the SARS-CoV-2 infection, may worsen the prognosis of TBI, altering the immune response and increasing the neuroinflammatory processes related to NLRP3, whose activation occurs both in TBI and in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review points out the role of NLRP3 in TBI and highlights the hypothesis that NLRP3 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the management of neuroinflammation in TBI.
Truthful unsplittable flow for large capacity networks (2010)

The unsplittable flow problem is one of the most extensively studied optimization problems in the field of networking. An instance of it consists of an edge capacitated graph and a set of connection requests, each of which is associated with source and target vertices, a demand, and a value. The objective is to route a maximum value subset of requests subject to the edge capacities. It is a well known fact that as the capacities of the edges are larger with respect to the maximal demand among the requests, the problem can be approximated better. In particular, it is known that for sufficiently large capacities, the integrality gap of the corresponding integer linear program becomes 1 + ϵ, which can be matched by an algorithm that utilizes the randomized rounding technique. In this article, we focus our attention on the large capacities unsplittable flow problem in a game theoretic setting. In this setting, there are selfish agents, which control some of the requests characteristics, and may be dishonest about them. It is worth noting that in game theoretic settings many standard techniques, such as randomized rounding, violate certain monotonicity properties, which are imperative for truthfulness, and therefore cannot be employed. In light of this state of affairs, we design a monotone deterministic algorithm, which is based on a primal-dual machinery, which attains an approximation ratio of e / e -1, up to a disparity of ϵ away. This implies an improvement on the current best truthful mechanism, as well as an improvement on the current best combinatorial algorithm for the problem under consideration. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that any algorithm in the family of reasonable iterative path minimizing algorithms, cannot yield a better approximation ratio. Consequently, it follows that in order to achieve a monotone PTAS, if that exists, one would have to exert different techniques. We also consider the large capacities single-minded multi-unit combinatorial auction problem . This problem is closely related to the unsplittable flow problem since one can formulate it as a special case of the integer linear program of the unsplittable flow problem. Accordingly, we obtain a comparable performance guarantee by refining the algorithm suggested for the unsplittable flow problem.
Synthesis, photophysics, electrochemistry and binding studies of zinc(II) dithiolate crown complexes (2002)

A series of zinc(II) dithiolate complexes containing ligands with benzo-15-crown-5 (dic), benzo-18-crown-6 (dic-18-6), 10-thiabenzo-15-crown-5 (dic-S), 10-selenabenzo-15-crown-5 (dic-Se) and 7,10,13-trithiabenzo-15-crown-5 (dic-3S) moieties have been synthesized and characterized, and their photophysics and electrochemistry studied. The metal ion-binding properties have been investigated by electronic absorption, emission and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal structure of [Zn(SC6H4-CH3-p)2(dic-3S)] (5) has also been determined.
Gene Expression in the Brain and the Control of Blood Pressure (1984)

Identification of genes involved in initiation or maintenance of hypertension is complicated by the possibility that blood pressure may not be directly regulated. However, a promising avenue of investigation would be to look for biochemical abnormalities associated with hypertension in a genetically defined strain of rats, and to analyze the structural and functional features of the genes which subserve the relevant biochemical pathways. Recent major advances in recombinant DNA and gene transfer technology should facilitate such studies. Within 10 years the important genetic markers of hypertension in man should be defined at a molecular level.
Study of the Particulate Purification Efficiency of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter (2015)

The combination of diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) is one of the most effective ways to control particulate emission. Particulate number (PN) and size distribution characteristics are studied when a heavy duty diesel equipped with or without DOC+CDPF in this paper. Results show that no matter the DOC+CDPF after-treatments are equipped or not, the power outputs and torques under the same condition are nearly the same, and the fuel consumption will be increased of about 2% when equipped with DOC+CDPF. When the diesel engine works without DOC+CDPF, the size distribution of exhaust particulate number shows double-peak logarithmic distribution under most conditions, and the peak diameters of particulate number are about 50nm and 200nm. When equipped with DOC+CDPF, the size distribution of particulate number shows multi-peak logarithmic distribution, and the peak diameters of particulate number are about 10nm, 20nm and 60nm. The total particulate number decreases significantly, the decreasing range is more than 2 orders of magnitude when equipped with DOC+CDPF.
5-Aminolevrinic Acid Exhibits Dual Effects on Stemness in Human Sarcoma Cell Lines under Dark Conditions (2023)

5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is used for tumor-targeting phototherapy because it is converted to protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) upon excitation and induces phototoxicity. However, the effect of ALA on malignant cells under unexcited conditions is unclear. This information is essential when administering ALA systemically. We used sarcoma cell lines that usually arise deep in the body and are rarely exposed to light to examine the effects of ALA treatment under light (daylight lamp irradiation) and dark (dark room) conditions. ALA-treated human SW872 liposarcoma cells and human MG63 osteosarcoma cells cultured under light exhibited growth suppression and increased oxidative stress, while cells cultured in the dark showed no change. However, sphere-forming ability increased in the dark, and the expression of stem-cell-related genes was induced in dark, but not light, conditions. ALA administration increased heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in both cell types; when carbon monoxide (CO), a metabolite of HO-1, was administered to sarcoma cells via carbon-monoxide-releasing molecule 2 (CORM2), it enhanced sphere-forming ability. We also compared the concentration of biliverdin (BVD) (a co-product of HO-1 activity alongside CO) with sphere-forming ability when HO-1 activity was inhibited using ZnPPIX in the dark. Both cell types showed a peak in sphere-forming ability at 60-80 μM BVD. Furthermore, a cell death inhibitor assay revealed that the HO-1-induced suppression of sphere formation was rescued by apoptosis or ferroptosis inhibitors. These findings suggest that in the absence of excitation, ALA promotes HO-1 expression and enhances the stemness of sarcoma cells, although excessive HO-1 upregulation induces apoptosis and ferroptosis. Our data indicate that systemic ALA administration induces both enhanced stemness and cell death in malignant cells located in dark environments deep in the body and highlight the need to pay attention to drug delivery and ALA concentrations during phototherapy.
Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in experimental human malaria to identify organ-specific changes in morphology and glucose metabolism: A prospective cohort study (2021)

PET/MRI indicated greater splenic tropism and metabolic activity in early P. vivax infection compared to P. falciparum, supporting the hypothesis of splenic accumulation of P. vivax very early in infection. The absence of uptake in the bone marrow and liver suggests that, at least in early infection, these tissues do not harbor a large parasite biomass or do not provoke a prominent metabolic response. PET/MRI is a safe and noninvasive method to evaluate infection-associated organ changes in morphology and glucose metabolism.
CMOS image sensor using a floating diffusion driving buried photodiode (2004)

Two 2.5V VGA CMOS image sensors with 3.45/spl mu/m and 3.1/spl mu/m buried photodiode-pixels on a 0.25/spl mu/m 2P3M CMOS technology are described. The test chips utilize a floating diffusion driving technique to achieve 3-transistors/pixel and 2-transistors/pixel respectively, and operate at 60 frames/s with 49mW dissipation.
50 Gbit/s uncooled operation (5–85°C) of 1.3 µm electroabsorption modulator integrated with DFB laser (2013)

The first uncooled operation (5–85°C) at 50 Gbit/s of a 1.3 µm electroabsorption modulator integrated with a DFB laser is achieved and 10 km transmission on singlemode fibre with very clear eye openings is demonstrated.
Towards DNA-Based Programmable Matter (2012)

Abstract : We completed a series of pilot studies towards the development of DNA-programmed mesoscale and nanoscale materials. We developed a computational and experimental infrastructure that enabled the translation of arbitrary three-dimensional models into DNA sequences that encode their assembly. We developed a suite of surface chemistries to functionalize a variety of mesoscale materials with DNA oligonucleotides. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of these DNA-linked surfaces to mediate surface-surface interactions in a DNA sequence-specific manner. In a second line of research, we applied these principles to create higher-older nanometer-scale plasmonic structures from DNA-linked gold nanospheres and nanoshells.
Energy dependence of dispersive effects in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1989)

Our investigation of the energy dependence of dispersive effects in elastic electron scattering from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ has been extended to a beam energy of 690 MeV. The cross section observed in the minimum of the form factor is larger than that predicted using a static charge density obtained by fitting lower-energy data with the customary phase-shift analysis. This ``filling-in'' of the minimum at 690 MeV is even larger than that observed previously at 430 MeV. This indicates an increase in the relative strength of higher-order processes in the minimum with an increase of beam energy; the presence of dispersive effects is the most likely explanation for this effect.
Physical-Layer Security for THz Communications via Orbital Angular Momentum Waves (2022)

This paper presents a physically-secure wireless communication system utilizing orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves at 0.31THz. A trustworthy key distribution mechanism for symmetric key cryptography is proposed by exploiting random hopping among the orthogonal OAM-wave modes and phases. Keccak-f[400] based pseudorandom number generator provides randomness to phase distribution of OAM-wave modes for additional security. We assess the security vulnerabilities of using OAM modulation in a THz communication system under various physical-layer threat models as well as analyze the effectiveness of these threat models for varying attacker complexity levels under different conditions.