gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependencies in organic photorefractive materials (2002)

Altering the sample temperature in a photorefractive material changes the rotational mobility of the chromophores. A change of three orders of magnitude in the response times over a temperature change of 12 K has been observed. In the photorefractive experiment, however, the chromophore orientation is induced by the non-instantaneous change of the space charge field. The finite speed of the latter causes the chromophore answer to be different from their normal relaxation behaviour to an instantaneous change. This effect is most pronounced when both time constants are in the same range.
GRADIOMÈTRE GRAVIFIQUE À ATOMES FROIDS (2014)

La présente invention concerne un système de gradiomètre gravifique à atomes froids comprenant une source de laser qui produit un faisceau laser qui se propage le long d'une direction de propagation. Le système comprend en outre un réflecteur qui réfléchit une partie du faisceau laser et transmet une autre partie du faisceau laser (la partie transmise). Un second réflecteur spatialement séparé su premier réflecteur le long de la direction de propagation réfléchit la partie transmise du faisceau laser.
Differentiation of Bolus Texture During Deglutition via High‐Density Surface Electromyography: A Pilot Study (2023)

4 Laryngoscope, 133:2695-2703, 2023.
Non-rigid image registration for temporal subtraction of whole-body nuclear emission images (2004)

A non-rigid registration algorithm for application to whole-body emission images of the same patient is presented. Rigid registration is generally insufficient to properly register whole-body images, a certain amount of deformation needs to be applied to obtain a good correspondence. This deformation should not change the size or shape of lesions, bones and the general anatomy. In our approach, non-rigid registration is accomplished by a discrete numerical approach based on the maximisation of mutual information, and regularised by a weighted least squares deformation constraint. Maximisation of mutual information I is accomplished by a preconditioned iterative gradient ascend algorithm using an analytically exact expression for the gradient of I with respect to individual pixel displacements. Anatomy is taken in account by parameterising the constraint according to a simple thresholding segmentation so as to allow large deformations in air, small in soft tissue and no deformation in bone or lesion tissue. A pyramidal multi-resolution approach is used to speed up the registration process. The performance of the method was evaluated by registering deformed phantom images, initial tests on 2D whole-body clinical images also show promising results.
Comprehensive study of reliability of InGaN-based laser diodes (2007)

In this work we present the reliability study of InGaN violet laser diodes fabricated by metaloorganic vapor phase epitaxy on high pressure grown bulk GaN crystals. Our devices were tested both in cw and a pulse regime. We found out that the degradation rate of the laser diodes does not depend on the photon density (at least up to around 50 mW of an output optical power). We show also that the main factor influencing the degradation rate is an operation current density on which the degradation rate depends exponentially. Additionally, we reconfirm that the degradation follows the square root dependence between threshold current and time suggesting that the diffusion may be a main mechanism causing damage of diodes.
The Use of Synthetic Microbial Communities to Improve Plant Health (2023)

Despite the numerous benefits plants receive from probiotics, maintaining consistent results across applications is still a challenge. Cultivation-independent methods associated with reduced sequencing costs have considerably improved the overall understanding of microbial ecology in the plant environment. As a result, now, it is possible to engineer a consortium of microbes aiming for improved plant health. Such synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) contain carefully chosen microbial species to produce the desired microbiome function. Microbial biofilm formation, production of secondary metabolites, and ability to induce plant resistance are some of the microbial traits to consider when designing SynComs. Plant-associated microbial communities are not assembled randomly. Ecological theories suggest that these communities have a defined phylogenetic organization structured by general community assembly rules. Using machine learning, we can study these rules and target microbial functions that generate desired plant phenotypes. Well-structured assemblages are more likely to lead to a stable SynCom that thrives under environmental stressors as compared with the classical selection of single microbial activities or taxonomy. However, ensuring microbial colonization and long-term plant phenotype stability is still one of the challenges to overcome with SynComs, as the synthetic community may change over time with microbial horizontal gene transfer and retained mutations. Here, we explored the advances made in SynCom research regarding plant health, focusing on bacteria, as they are the most dominant microbial form compared with other members of the microbiome and the most commonly found in SynCom studies.
Effect of therapeutic plasma exchange on phenytoin plasma concentration in patients receiving intravenous fosphenytoin therapy. (2020)

We report for patients with encephalitis treated with plasma exchange (PE) and fosphenytoin. In patient 1, phenytoin levels decreased on the maintenance dose, and the phenytoin concentration was <10 μg/mL on day 12 of administration. In patient 2, the phenytoin levels was <10 μg/mL on day 4. Increasing the fosphenytoin dose pushed the phenytoin level into therapeutic range. There were no differences between the areas under the concentration-time curve of phenytoin with and without PE. We previously reported a decline in phenytoin levels after prolonged use of fosphenytoin. Therefore, dose adjustment of fosphenytoin in patients undergoing PE may be unnecessary.
Regional and temporal profiles of <i>c‐fos</i> and nerve growth factor mRNA expression in rat brain after lateral cortical impact injury (1995)

Lesion-induced increases in NGF mRNA are thought to be mediated by c-fos gene expression. Conversely, NGF induction of c-fos expression has been reported following administration of exogenous NGF. However, the relationship between c-fos and NGF gene expression after traumatic injury to the intact brain is not known. Thus, we applied in situ hybridization and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods to determine temporal profiles of c-fos and NGF mRNA expression in rat brains after controlled impact to the exposed cortex. Using alternate sections from the same rat brains, in situ hybridization studies showed that in neocortex, c-fos mRNA transiently increased at 30 min, 1 hr, and 3 hr after injury, while there were no increases of NGF mRNA at these postinjury time points. In the hippocampus, in situ hybridization showed that c-fos mRNA increased at 30 min, 1 hr and 3 hr postinjury, while NGF mRNA increased at 1 hr, 3 hr but not at 30 min after injury. RT-PCR studies in hippocampus confirmed that c-fos mRNA increased as early as 5 min after injury, peaked at 30 min postinjury, and remained elevated 5 hr postinjury. Levels of hippocampal NGF mRNA expression increased by 1 hr after injury and plateaued until 3 and 5 hr postinjury. These data are consistent with the possible regulatory role of endogenous c-fos on NGF expression following traumatic brain injury.
Ultra-low-temperature process modules for back-wafer-contacted silicon-on-glass RF/microwave technology (2008)

This paper reviews several novel process modules developed for the processing of the backside of the wafer of our substrate-transfer technology called back-wafer-contacted silicon-on-glass (SOG), which is in use for fabricating RF/microwave devices such as high-quality varactors and bipolar transistors. In this technology the silicon wafer is transferred to glass by gluing. The integrity of the acrylic adhesive limits the subsequent processing temperatures to less than 300 °C. Ultra-low-temperature process modules have therefore been developed to nevertheless allow the creation of low-ohmic contacts and high-quality ultrashallow junctions. Moreover, a physical-vapor deposition of AlN provides an effective means of integrating a thin-film dielectric heatspreader.
Weekly <i>versus</i> twice weekly bortezomib given in conjunction with rituximab, in patients with recurrent follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (2010)

The combination of bortezomib and rituximab was evaluated in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), follicular lymphoma (FL) and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM), in a Phase I and later, a randomized Phase II study. In the randomized study, 42 patients with recurrent/refractory disease received either: bortezomib 1·3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a 3-week cycle with rituximab 375 mg/m(2) on day 1 (21 patients) or: bortezomib 1·6 mg/m(2) and rituximab on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of a 5-week cycle (with rituximab being given only in cycles 1 and 4).Twenty-eight patients were withdrawn (toxicity 16, progression 7, and 'patient choice' 5). The main toxicities were neurological, gastro-intestinal and haematological. The overall response rate was 28/42(67%) and by histology: MCL 11/19, FL 8/15, and WM 9/10. Ten of 28 responding patients remained progression-free at 1-3·5 years. Toxicity and efficacy were equivalent between the two groups. The combination has significant toxicity but is effective, particularly in patients with WM.
Chemical Thermodynamic in Thermoelectric Materials (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Using a thermodynamic database for the synthesis of a ternary material: Pb1−xSnxTe The Calphad technique The zinc-antimony binary system The ternary Co-Ni-Sb Conclusions
Mapping the active site of factor Xa by selective inhibitors: An NMR and MD study (1998)

The structure of two selective inhibitors, Ac-Tyr-Ile-Arg-Ile-Pro-NH2 and Ac-(4-Amino-Phe)-(Cyclohexyl-Gly)-Arg-NH2, in the active site of the blood clotting enzyme factor Xa was determined by using transferred nuclear Overhauser effect nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. They represent a family of peptidic inhibitors obtained by the screening of a vast combinatorial library. Each structure was first calculated by using standard computational procedures (distance geometry, simulated annealing, energy minimization) and then further refined by systematic search of the conformation of the inhibitor docked in the active site and repeating the simulated annealing and energy minimization. The final structure was optimized by molecular dynamics simulations of the inhibitor-complex in water. The NMR restraints were kept throughout the refinement. The inhibitors assume a compact, very well defined conformation, embedded into the substrate binding site not in the same way as a substrate, blocking thus the catalysis. The model allows to explain the mode of action, affinity, and specificity of the peptides and to map the active site.
Hyperpolarized 13C Lactate, Pyruvate, and Alanine: Noninvasive Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Detection and Grading (2008)

An extraordinary new technique using hyperpolarized (13)C-labeled pyruvate and taking advantage of increased glycolysis in cancer has the potential to improve the way magnetic resonance imaging is used for detection and characterization of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to quantify, for the first time, differences in hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] pyruvate and its metabolic products between the various histologic grades of prostate cancer using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Fast spectroscopic imaging techniques were used to image lactate, alanine, and total hyperpolarized carbon (THC = lactate + pyruvate + alanine) from the entire abdomen of normal mice and TRAMP mice with low- and high-grade prostate tumors in 14 s. Within 1 week, the mice were dissected and the tumors were histologically analyzed. Hyperpolarized lactate SNR levels significantly increased (P < 0.05) with cancer development and progression (41 +/- 11, 74 +/- 17, and 154 +/- 24 in normal prostates, low-grade primary tumors, and high-grade primary tumors, respectively) and had a correlation coefficient of 0.95 with the histologic grade. In addition, there was minimal overlap in the lactate levels between the three groups with only one of the seven normal prostates overlapping with the low-grade primary tumors. The amount of THC, a possible measure of substrate uptake, and hyperpolarized alanine also increased with tumor grade but showed more overlap between the groups. In summary, elevated hyperpolarized lactate and potentially THC and alanine are noninvasive biomarkers of prostate cancer presence and histologic grade that could be used in future three-dimensional (13)C spectroscopic imaging studies of prostate cancer patients.
Use of perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for non‐invasive multimodal cell tracking of human pancreatic islets (2011)

In vivo imaging of engraftment and immunorejection of transplanted islets is critical for further clinical development, with (1)H MR imaging of superparamagnetic iron oxide-labeled cells being the current premier modality. Using perfluorocarbon nanoparticles, we present here a strategy for non-invasive imaging of cells using other modalities. To this end, human cadaveric islets were labeled with rhodamine-perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) nanoparticles, rhodamine-perfluoropolyether (PFPE) nanoparticles or Feridex as control and tested in vitro for cell viability and c-peptide secretion for 1 week. (19)F MRI, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) imaging was performed on labeled cell phantoms and on cells following transplantation beneath the kidney capsule of mice and rabbits. PFOB and PFPE-labeling did not reduce human islet viability or glucose responsiveness as compared with unlabeled cells or SPIO-labeled cells. PFOB- and PFPE-labeled islets were effectively fluorinated for visualization by (19)F MRI. PFOB-labeled islets were acoustically reflective for detection by US imaging and became sufficiently brominated to become radiopaque allowing visualization with CT. Thus, perfluorocarbon nanoparticles are multimodal cellular contrast agents that may find applications in real-time targeted delivery and imaging of transplanted human islets or other cells in a clinically applicable manner using MRI, US or CT imaging.
Heat‐resistant hydrophobic–oleophobic coatings (2006)

Abstract Thermally and chemically durable hydrophobic oleophobic coatings, containing different ceramic particles such as SiO 2 , SiC, Al 2 O 3 , which can be alternative instead of Teflon, have been developed and applied on the aluminum substrates by spin‐coating method. Polyimides, which are high‐thermal resistant heteroaromatic polymers, were synthesized, and fluor oligomers were added to these polymers to obtain hydrophobic–oleophobic properties. After coating, Al surface was subjected to Taber‐abrasion, adhesion, corrosion, and thermal tests. The effects of the particle size of ceramic powders, organic matrix, and heat on the coating material were investigated. Coating material was characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer. Surface properties and thermal resistance of the coating materials were investigated by SEM and TGA analyses. After thermal curing, contact angles of these coatings with H 2 O and n ‐hexadecane were measured. It was observed that coatings like ceramic particles are more resistant against scratch and abrasion than the other coatings. Also, they are harder than coatings, which do not include ceramic particles. It was seen that coatings, containing Fluorolink D10H, have high‐contact angles with water and n ‐hexadecane. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2386–2392, 2006
Low frequency stimulation decreases seizure frequency in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (2011)

Cortical stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy is currently being studied in both animals and humans; however, because the mechanisms are not well understood, optimal stimulation parameters and target have yet to be been determined. This paper describes the effects of low frequency stimulation (LFS) using a novel target, the hippocampal commissural fibers, in a rat model of human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Epilepsy was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=7) by one single electrical stimulation episode of the amygdala. After a three month period of epileptogenesis, baseline spontaneous seizure frequency was determined by continuous video and electrographic monitoring of the bilateral hippocampi for 2 weeks. Then, LFS (1 Hz) was applied continuously for 60 minutes ON and 15 minutes OFF, for two weeks, and the mean seizure frequency before, during and after treatment were compared. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.008) between the baseline and treatment states was observed. In 7 animals, 90% decrease in seizure frequency was observed during treatment and a 57% decrease in seizure frequency during the period following treatment when compared to the seizure frequency before stimulation. These findings support the hypothesis that the hippocampal commissures may be an effective target in low frequency stimulation for the suppression of spontaneous seizures in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Visualization of Hydroxide Ion Formation upon Electrolytic Water Splitting in an Anion Exchange Membrane (2019)

Measurement of hydroxide ion conductivity is paramount to understanding anion exchange membranes (AEM) operated under alkaline conditions, but the measurement is complicated by dissolved CO2 and the presence of bicarbonates and carbonates. A technique for accurate measurement has recently been reported that involves measuring the conductivity during water splitting, wherein hydroxide ions are assumed, but not proven, to be produced at the cathode and which purge out other anions. In this preliminary study, we visualize the formation of hydroxide ions and their diffusion from the cathode to anode. We do this by way of an anion exchange membrane cast with an acid/base pH indicator, such that visual confirmation of hydroxide production at the cathode is obtained during application of sustained current load. This proof of concept is demonstrated using the AEM, hexamethyl-p-terphenyl poly(methylbenzamidazolium), and pH indicator, thymolphthalein, included at 0.1 and 0.2 wt % concentration. An additional novelty of this work is that we perform conductivity measurements under potentiostatic load rather than galvanostatic load, which we find substantially increases (6× faster) the time required for the membrane to reach a steady state membrane conductivity.
Electrochemically Enabled, Nickel‐Catalyzed Amination (2017)

Along with amide bond formation, Suzuki cross-coupling, and reductive amination, the Buchwald-Hartwig-Ullmann-type amination of aryl halides stands as one of the most employed reactions in modern medicinal chemistry. The work herein demonstrates the potential of utilizing electrochemistry to provide a complementary avenue to access such critical bonds using an inexpensive nickel catalyst under mild reaction conditions. Of note is the scalability, functional-group tolerance, rapid rate, and the ability to employ a variety of aryl donors (Ar-Cl, Ar-Br, Ar-I, Ar-OTf), amine types (primary and secondary), and even alternative X-H donors (alcohols and amides).
Enhancing cartilage repair with optimized supramolecular hydrogel-based scaffold and pulsed electromagnetic field (2022)

Functional tissue engineering strategies provide innovative approach for the repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage. Hydrogel is widely used because it could provide rapid defect filling and proper structure support, and is biocompatible for cell aggregation and matrix deposition. Efforts have been made to seek suitable scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Here Alg-DA/Ac-β-CD/gelatin hydrogel was designed with the features of physical and chemical multiple crosslinking and self-healing properties. Gelation time, swelling ratio, biodegradability and biocompatibility of the hydrogels were systematically characterized, and the injectable self-healing adhesive hydrogel were demonstrated to exhibit ideal properties for cartilage repair. Furthermore, the new hydrogel design introduces a pre-gel state before photo-crosslinking, where increased viscosity and decreased fluidity allow the gel to remain in a semi-solid condition. This granted multiple administration routes to the hydrogels, which brings hydrogels the ability to adapt to complex clinical situations. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been recognized as a promising solution to various health problems owing to their noninvasive properties and therapeutic potentials. PEMF treatment offers a better clinical outcome with fewer, if any, side effects, and wildly used in musculoskeletal tissue repair. Thereby we propose PEMF as an effective biophysical stimulation to be 4th key element in cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, the as-prepared Alg-DA/Ac-β-CD/gelatin hydrogels were utilized in the rat osteochondral defect model, and the potential application of PEMF in cartilage tissue engineering were investigated. PEMF treatment were proven to enhance the quality of engineered chondrogenic constructs <i>in vitro</i>, and facilitate chondrogenesis and cartilage repair <i>in vivo</i>. All of the results suggested that with the injectable self-healing adhesive hydrogel and PEMF treatment, this newly proposed tissue engineering strategy revealed superior clinical potential for cartilage defect treatment.
Extraction of Water-soluble Soybean Polysaccharides under Acidic Conditions (1998)

We investigated the yield, gelation and sugar composition of water-soluble polysaccharides that had been extracted from soybean cotyledons under acidic conditions. SSPS were easily extracted at several pHs. The highest yield was about twice that reported by Morita et al., after extraction in boiling water, or by Kawamura et al., after extraction in hot water (90°C) with the stepwise addition of ammonium oxalate and 0.5% NaOH. Our results show that the average molecular weight was relatively high for both SSPS extracted in the weakly acidic pH range of 4-6 at 100-120°C and in the strongly acidic pH range of 2-3 at 40-80°C. The water-soluble polysaccharide solutions which were extracted under the former conditions remained fluid, but those which were extracted under the latter conditions gelled. However, the molecular weight distribution and sugar composition were similar for SSPS isolated by using both sets of conditions. Furthermore, water-soluble soybean polysaccharides were found to consist of rhamnogalacturonans, which could endure hydrolysis, and arabinogalactans, which were easily hydrolyzed under acidic conditions.
Crystallinity‐Controlled Titanium Oxide–Carbon Nanocomposites with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance (2012)

Nanocomposites of crystalline-controlled TiO(2) -carbon are prepared by a novel one-step approach and applied in anodes of lithium ion batteries. In our nanocomposite anodes, the Li(+) capacity contribution from the TiO(2) phase was enormous, above 400 mAh g(-1) (Li(1+x) TiO(2) , x>0.2), and the volumetric capacity was as high as 877 mAh cm(-3) with full voltage utilization to 0 V versus Li/Li(+) , which resulted in higher energy density than that of state-of-the-art titania anodes. For the first time, it was clearly revealed that the capacity at 1.2 and 2.0 V corresponded to Li(+) storage at amorphous and crystalline TiO(2) , respectively. Furthermore, improvements in the rate capability and cycle performance were observed; this was attributed to resistance reduction induced by higher electrical/Li(+) conduction and faster Li(+) diffusion.