gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene infrared photodetectors using type-II InAs/InGaSb superlattices (2023)

Graphene infrared (IR) photodetectors are promising devices that exploit the unique optoelectronic properties of graphene, such as broadband light absorption, rapid response, and high-chemical stability. However, graphene has low absorbance (2.3%), which limits its photo-responsivity. This study investigated the middle-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength IR (LWIR) responsivity enhancements in graphene photodetectors with type-II superlattices (T2SL) employed as photosensitizers. Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) were fabricated with the InAs/InGaSb SL photosensitizers on a GaSb substrate. The device was vacuum-cooled and then exposed to light using a filament lamp (wavelength ranges: 3–5 μm and 8–12 μm). The device exhibited MWIR and LWIR photoresponses at 77 K, whereas no photoresponse was observed when photosensitizers were not used. The observed current variations in the photosensitizers and the substrate suggest that photocarriers in the InAs/InGaSb SL modulate the gate voltages on the GFETs, thereby producing the photogating effect. The LWIR photoresponse in conjunction with the photogating effect was enhanced by a factor of 1500 compared with that without the photosensitizers. The results obtained in this study are expected to contribute to the development of high-performance graphene-based IR image sensors.
Staged miRNA re-regulation patterns during reprogramming (2013)

The broad resetting of the miRNA profile during reprogramming that we observe is due to small changes in gene expression in many miRNAs early in the process, and large changes in only a few miRNAs late in reprogramming. This corresponds with a previously observed transition from a stochastic to a more deterministic signal.
Heat Recuperation from Internal Combustion Engines by Fuel Reforming: Kinetics-Based Analysis (2023)

In an effort to estimate the feasibility of heat recuperation from an internal combustion engine (ICE) by steam reforming (SR) or by decomposition of the fuel, we study here the required size of a reformer heat exchanger in order to power a 3.7 kW engine. To that end, we experimentally test the heat transfer in a structured commercial reactor with ∼0.39 m2 of heat transfer area in an ∼1 L unit. We then simulate the required length for evaporation and reforming of several fuels, using published kinetics with a highly active catalyst, under a fixed exhaust temperature of 973 K, and study the effect of pressure and steam-to-fuel ratio. Both co- and counter-current schemes are considered. Methanol decomposition is probably the best solution from the energy point of view. However, it is known to lead to deactivation. Methanol SR (with S/M = 1) requires about 2 L of reformer-HE and seems to be a reasonable solution, yielding a chemical energy gain of ∼16%, a value close to the asymptotic thermodynamic value. Moreover, the presence of CO2 in the reformate is known to mitigate to NOx emissions down to zero-impact levels. Ethanol SR (with S/E = 1 or 3) yields poor results since CH4 is an intermediate, which requires high temperatures for reforming; operating ESR requires exhaust temperatures of ∼1250 °K or higher. While such high temperatures may be attained and may yield an energetic gain of more than 20%, it will require modification of the process. Methylal SR (S/MA = 1) yields good results as well.
Correntropy-based nonlinearity test applied to patients with chronic heart failure (2010)

In this study we propose the correntropy function as a discriminative measure for detecting nonlinearities in the respiratory pattern of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with periodic or nonperiodic breathing pattern (PB or nPB, respectively). The complexity seems to be reduced in CHF patients with higher risk level. Correntropy reflects information on both, statistical distribution and temporal structure of the underlying dataset. It is a suitable measure due to its capability to preserve nonlinear information. The null hypothesis considered is that the analyzed data is generated by a Gaussian linear stochastic process. Correntropy is used in a statistical test to reject the null hypothesis through surrogate data methods. Various parameters, derived from the correntropy and correntropy spectral density (CSD) to characterize the respiratory pattern, presented no significant differences when extracted from the iteratively refined amplitude adjusted Fourier transform (IAAFT) surrogate data. The ratio between the powers in the modulation and respiratory frequency bands R was significantly different in nPB patients, but not in PB patients, which reflects a higher presence of nonlinearities in nPB patients than in PB patients.
Development and validation of new evaluation scale for measuring stroke patients’ motivation for rehabilitation in rehabilitation wards (2022)

The MORE scale was verified as a valid and reliable scale for evaluating stroke patients' motivation for rehabilitation.
Increasing Dietary Potassium Chloride Promotes Urine Dilution and Decreases Calcium Oxalate Relative Supersaturation in Healthy Dogs and Cats (2021)

Urine dilution is a strategy used to decrease the risk of crystallization in cats and dogs at risk of urolithiasis. Sodium chloride has been used in prescription diets to effectively promote urine dilution, but the effect of the salt-substitute potassium chloride (KCl) on urine parameters has not been extensively investigated. Two diets differing only in KCl (Diet A; K 0.44 g/MJ, Diet B; K 1.03 g/MJ) were fed to 17 cats and 22 dogs for seven days, followed by three days of urine collection. Urinary ion concentrations were determined by ionic chromatography, and SUPERSAT software was used to calculate the relative supersaturation (RSS) value for struvite and calcium oxalate. Water intake and urine volume increased, and USG decreased on diet B (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Urine concentration of potassium increased on diet B, but concentrations of all other ions did not change or decrease in line with urine dilution. Calcium oxalate RSS decreased on diet B (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This short-term study showed that increased dietary KCl in a dry extruded diet effectively dilutes the urine of cats and dogs and therefore offers a novel nutritional strategy for the prevention of urolithiasis. This finding is of interest for patients that would benefit from dietary sodium restriction.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonia Activation by Sc+ and Ti+: Electronic and Translational Energy Dependence. (1990)

Abstract The reactions of Sc + and Ti + with NH 3 are studied as a function of translational energy in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer.
Synthetic Strategy toward Skeletal Diversity via Solid‐Supported, Otherwise Unstable Reactive Intermediates (2004)

Strukturell diverse Alkaloidderivate wurden in nur drei Schritten aus einfachen Ausgangsmaterialien über eine Strategie erhalten, die auf Dihydropyridin- und Dihydroisochinolin-Zwischenstufen auf Makrokügelchen (siehe Formel) beruht. Die sonst instabile Enamin-Doppelbindung der Zwischenstufen kann eine Reihe von Reaktionen eingehen, wie Cycloadditionen, selektive Reduktionen und Alkylierungen.
Hemodynamics of splenic artery aneurysm. (1985)

超音波複合装置の臨床応用,すなわちリニア電子スキャソとパルスドップラー血流計とが複合されるようになつてから,深部血管の血流量の測定が容易となつた.我々は,比較的まれな疾患とされている脾動脈瘤の3症例を経験し,このリニアドップラー法により門脈・脾静脈などの血流量を定量的に測定したので報告する. 3症例は,ともに女性で, 2例は門脈圧亢進症をともなつており, 1症例は門脈系に異常をみなかつた.実測された門脈圧は21mmHg, 18mmHg, 8mmHgであつた. 3症例は,全例とも血管造影が実施され,脾動脈瘤が確認された.門脈圧亢進症にともなう2症例は,それぞれ,巨大な左胃静脈,巨大な牌静脈・腎静脈シャントという肝外性の門脈・大静脈系の自然のシャント形成をみた.脾静脈血流量は,それぞれ2,783ml/min, 710ml/mln, 849ml/minであり,全例で増加していた.脾動脈瘤の成因に関しては,多くの報告があるが,本邦においては,門脈圧亢進にともなうものが最も多いとされている.さらには,門脈圧亢進にともなう脾血流増多が脾動脈瘤の形成を促すという推論も多いが,脾血流量を実測した報告はなく,我々のものが初めてでありその意義は大きいと考える.又, 3症例のうち2症例にて,肝外性の巨大短絡路をみており,それが脾血流増多そして脾動脈瘤形成を助長していたと思われ,門脈圧亢進症の門脈血行動態を考える上で興味深いと思われた.
Directions in Pervasive and Social Computing: On Activities, Privacy, and the Crowd (2011)

Learning from Activity Data: What might we learn about human behavior and of world phenomena from logs of the activities of people?
Joint design of fixed-rate source codes and UEP channel codes for fading channels (2002)

We study an iterative design algorithm that jointly optimizes source and channel codes for image transmission over Rayleigh fading channels. The joint design combines channel-optimized vector quantization (COVQ) for the source code with a family of rate-compatible punctured convolutional codes for the unequal-error-protection (UEP) channel code. We consider both hard-decision and soft-decision decoding for these channel codes. Our objective is to minimize the average end-to-end distortion, averaged over both the source and channel statistics. For a given channel SNR and transmission rate, our joint source and channel code design achieves an optimal allocation of bits between the source and channel coders. This optimal allocation can reduce distortion by up to 7 dB over suboptimal allocations for the source data set considered. Our joint iterative design exhibits a coding gain over COVQ of 1.5 dB for hard-decision decoding and 3 dB for soft-decision decoding.
Structural, morphological, and functional diversity of amyloid oligomers (2015)

Protein misfolding and aggregation are known to play a crucial role in a number of important human diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, prion, diabetes, cataracts, etc.) as well as in a multitude of physiological processes. Protein aggregation is a highly complex process resulting in a variety of aggregates with different structures and morphologies. Oligomeric protein aggregates (amyloid oligomers) are formed as both intermediates and final products of the aggregation process. They are believed to play an important role in many protein aggregation-related diseases, and many of them are highly cytotoxic. Due to their instability and structural heterogeneity, information about structure, mechanism of formation, and physiological effects of amyloid oligomers is sparse. This review attempts to summarize the existing information on the major properties of amyloid oligomers.
Targeted inhibition of activated protein C by a non-active-site inhibitory antibody to treat hemophilia (2020)

Activated protein C (APC) is a plasma serine protease with antithrombotic and cytoprotective functions. Based on the hypothesis that specific inhibition of APC's anticoagulant but not its cytoprotective activity can be beneficial for hemophilia therapy, 2 types of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are tested: A type I active-site binding mAb and a type II mAb binding to an exosite on APC (required for anticoagulant activity) as shown by X-ray crystallography. Both mAbs increase thrombin generation and promote plasma clotting. Type I blocks all APC activities, whereas type II preserves APC's cytoprotective function. In normal monkeys, type I causes many adverse effects including animal death. In contrast, type II is well-tolerated in normal monkeys and shows both acute and prophylactic dose-dependent efficacy in hemophilic monkeys. Our data show that the type II mAb can specifically inhibit APC's anticoagulant function without compromising its cytoprotective function and offers superior therapeutic opportunities for hemophilia.
On modeling JANUS packet errors over a shallow water acoustic channel using Markov and hidden Markov models (2010)

In this paper, we investigate how to represent the packet error process in a shallow water acoustic channel by means of Markov as well as hidden Markov models. To train the models, we employ experimental traces taken from transmissions performed during the SubNet'09 sea trials, off the coast of Pi-anosa island, Italy. In particular, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) time series show significant transitions of the average SNR on a large time scale, which motivates the use of hidden Markov models. The discussion on which model best fits this experimental data is carried out considering relevant metrics for networking, i.e., packet error rate (PER), length of error bursts and correlation of errors after a given number of packet transmissions. Results show that hidden Markov models yield accurate reproduction of both first and second-order metrics.
Multiphoton fluorescence imaging of NADH to quantify metabolic changes in epileptic tissue in vitro (2007)

A powerful advantage of multiphoton microscopy is its ability to image endogenous fluorophores such as the ubiquitous coenzyme NADH in discrete cellular populations. NADH is integral in both oxidative and non-oxidative cellular metabolism. NADH loses fluorescence upon oxidation to NAD<sup>+</sup>; thus changes in NADH fluorescence can be used to monitor metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that hypo metabolic astrocytes play an important role in cases of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Current theories suggest this may be due to defective and/or a reduced number of mitochondria or dysfunction of the neuronal-astrocytic metabolic coupling. Measuring NADH fluorescence changes following chemical stimulation enables the quantification of the cellular distribution of metabolic anomalies in epileptic brain tissue compared to healthy tissue. We present what we believe to be the first multiphoton microscopy images of NADH from the human brain. We also present images of NADH fluorescence from the hippocampus of the kainate-treated rat TLE model. In some experiments, human and rat astrocytes were selectively labeled with the fluorescent dye sulforhodamine 101 (SR101). Our results demonstrate that multiphoton microscopy is a powerful tool for assaying the metabolic pathologies associated with temporal lobe epilepsy in humans and in rodent models.
Simplified Analytical Damping Constant Model for Design of MEMS Capacitive Accelerometer With Gold Perforated Proof-Mass Structure (2022)

This paper describes a simplified analytical model of a damping constant <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to design a MEMS capacitive accelerometer using the multi-layer metal technology. The proposed model is introduced by combining the theoretical equation with the approximate form factor obtained by the measured data. In order to create the model, we fabricated several types of MEMS capacitive accelerometers with different structure parameters such as the etching hole area, the perforated proof-mass area, and the gap. The calculation results show that by the proposed model, the damping constant <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was in accord with the measured <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . We also confirmed that the relative error between the measured <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the damping constant <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by the proposed model could be improved to one-half of the conventional model. Moreover, the Brownian noise <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${B}_{\text {N}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> calculated by the proposed model was also consistent with the measured <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${B}_{\text {N}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . In addition, to confirm the suitability of the proposed model for CMOS-MEMS multi-physics simulation, we performed the simulation of the ring-down characteristics of a gold perforated proof-mass differential MEMS capacitive accelerometer. The simulated results suggested that the ring-down characteristics by the proposed model coincided with those of the measured data. Therefore, we verified that the proposed model would be effective for the analysis and the design of the MEMS capacitive accelerometer with the gold perforated proof-mass.
Etude du champ instationnaire de vitesse en sortie de roue de turbine : étude expérimentale et numérique (2000)

Note: Using Smart Source Parsing et novembre 3 Reference LMH-CONF-2000-008 Record created on 2005-11-04, modified on 2017-05-10
Baseline Trajectories of Drinking Moderate Acamprosate and Naltrexone Effects in the COMBINE Study: BASELINE TRAJECTORIES OF DRINKING IN COMBINE (2020)

The COMBINE Study evaluated the effects of acamprosate, naltrexone and the Combined Behavioral Intervention (CBI). In secondary analyses, our goals were to identify trajectories of any drinking prior to randomization, to characterize subjects in these trajectories, and to assess whether pre-randomization trajectories predict drinking outcomes and moderate treatment response.
Sekvenování nové generace a možnosti jeho využití v onkologicképraxi (2014)

Metoda masivně paralelniho sekvenovani umožnila rychlejsi a ekonomictějsi výzkum v oblasti genomiky. Tato technologie umožňuje osekvenovat kompletni lidský genom za zlomek ceny i casu v porovnani s doposud použivanou Sangerovou metodou. Zavedeni teto techniky do oblasti onkologickeho výzkumu významně přispělo k molekularni charakterizaci nadorů a hlubsimu porozuměni jejich evoluce. Pomoci masivně paralelniho sekvenovani byly identifikovany nove kauzalni mutace, ktere jsou podstatou nadorových dědicných syndromů, porovnanim sekvenovanim DNA nadorove a přislusne zdrave tkaně byly odhaleny nove mutace a strukturni aberace u vice než 15 rozdilných nadorových onemocněni. V tomto přehledu jsou popsany technicke charakteristiky nejrozsiřenějsich sekvenacnich platforem, kratce shrnuty jejich výhody a nevýhody a popsany možnosti uplatněni v klinicke praxi.
A tennis lesson: sharp practice in the science behind the Sharapova case (2016)

Maria Sharapova (and hundreds of other elite athletes) took meldonium, a drug developed at the time of the USSR for the treatment of heart attack and stroke, though it has never been approved for use anywhere outside of the former Soviet Union. Meldonium is an inhibitor of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in the carnitine biosynthetic pathway.1 Intake results in a reduction of tissue carnitine content, including the heart and skeletal muscles. Carnitine plays a critical role in transferring long-chain fatty acids across mitochondrial inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix, to enable entry of the fatty acid moiety into the oxidation pathway, to synthesise ATP aerobically.2 In cases when intracellular carnitine availability is compromised, such as in neonatal primary carnitine deficiency,3 those affected experience hypoglycaemia, fatigue, seizures and cardiomyopathy.3 Carnitine-deficient individuals are sensitive to prodrugs containing the pivaloyl moiety, as pivalic acid is a prodrug able to induce carnitine deficiency (like meldonium); this results in lethal cardiac arrhythmias.4 Meldonium administered orally at ‘recommended’ doses (500 mg, twice daily)5 would …
Use of Functional MRI to Assess Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation Frequency Changes on Brain Activation in Parkinson Disease (2020)

We show the first data with fMRI of STN DBS-ON while synchronizing cycling with magnetic resonance scanning. At clinically optimized settings, an fMRI signature of thalamic, GPe, and posterior cerebellum activation was seen. Reducing frequency significantly decreased thalamic, GPe, and anterior cerebellum activation. Current standard-of-care programming can take up to 6 mo using UPDRS-III testing alone. We provide preliminary evidence that using fMRI signature of frequency may have clinical utility and feasibility.
Hybrid Digital Twins: A Primer on Combining Physics-Based and Data Analytics Approaches (2021)

Two popular approaches to building digital twins are pure data-based and physics/simulation-based methods. In this article, we present a framework for hybrid digital twins that combines the strengths of the two approaches, sharing results and demonstrating applicability to a flow network.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Population towards Brucellosis in the Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia (2018-2019) (2020)

Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection, caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected livestock, or close contact with their secretions. Knowledge and awareness regarding brucellosis is essential for the implementation of control measures and consequently prevention of brucellosis. The study was designed to estimate knowledge and awareness regarding this disease among the high risk population.

Objectives: The study aims to identify the level of knowledge regarding brucellosis, to assess the attitudes of targeted population towards brucellosis and to determine misconceptions and malpractice associated with brucellosis in the Riyadh province of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess knowledge, attitudes practices, and misconceptions of the population towards Brucellosis in the Riyadh region. The data was collected by well-defined pretested questionnaire; SPSS was used for data analysis.

Results: The sample size calculated was 138. Participants demonstrated good knowledge regarding brucellosis and were near equal in their understanding of the causative agent (Brucella species) and its means of transmission from animals to humans. The majority (86.2%) of the participants would take actions to ensure the animal is healthy when they buy a new animal, and demonstrated good practices while handling the domesticated animals and their secretions.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated good knowledge, attitude, and practice towards brucellosis among the population of the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia.
A photoresponse-compensated parallel piezoresistive cantilever for cellular force measurements (2013)

This paper describes a parallel piezoresistive cantilever that is composed of a force-sensing cantilever in addition to a reference cantilever for photoresponse compensation. Piezoresistive cantilevers have been applied in many cellular mechanical measurement studies because of their high sensitivity, high time resolution and ease of handling. However, the electrical resistance changes in response to the excitation light of the fluorescence microscope, which affects the cell measurements. We measured the I–V characteristics of a piezoresistive layer. These photoresponses occurred due to the internal photoelectric effect. We canceled the photoresponses using the reference cantilever. This paper demonstrates compensation of the cantilever photoresponse under irradiation at different angles, wavelengths and light intensities. As a result, the photoresponse could be decreased by 87%.
Memory versus naive T‐cell migration (2007)

Our established understanding of lymphocyte migration suggests that naive and memory T cells travel throughout the body via divergent pathways; naive T cells circulate between blood and lymph whereas memory T cells additionally migrate through non-lymphoid organs. Evidence is now gradually emerging which suggests such disparate pathways between naive and memory T cells may not strictly be true, and that naive T cells gain access to the non-lymphoid environment in numbers approaching that of memory T cells. We discuss here the evidence for naive T-cell traffic into the non-lymphoid environment, compare and contrast this movement with what is known of memory T cells, and finally discuss the functional importance of why naive T cells might access the parenchymal tissues.