gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship of amyloid-β1–42 in blood and brain amyloid: Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study (2019)

A blood test that predicts the extent of amyloid plaques in the brain and risk of Alzheimer's disease would have important benefits for the early identification of higher risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease and the evaluation of new preventative therapies. The goal of this study was to determine whether plasma levels of amyloid-β1-42, 1-40 and the amyloid-β1-42/1-40 ratio among participants in the Pittsburgh centre of the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study were related to the extent of brain fibrillar amyloid plaques measured in 2009 using Pittsburgh compound-B PET imaging, hippocampal volume, cortical thickness in the temporal lobe and white matter lesions. There were 194 participants who had Pittsburgh compound-B measurements in 2009 with the mean age of 85 years; 96% were white and 60% men. Pittsburgh compound-B positivity was defined as a standardized uptake value ratio of ≥1.57. Amyloid-β in blood was measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed by Eli Lilly and modified at the University of Vermont. All participants were nondemented as of 2008 at the time of study close out. The study sample included 160 with blood samples drawn in 2000-02 and 133 from 2009 and also had brain amyloid measured in 2009. All blood samples were analysed at the same time in 2009. Plasma amyloid-β1-42 was inversely related to the percent Pittsburgh compound-B positive (standardized uptake value ratio ≥1.57), <i>β</i> -0.04, <i>P</i> = 0.005. Practically all participants who were apolipoprotein-E4 positive at older ages were also Pittsburgh compound-B positive for fibrillar amyloid. Among apolipoprotein-E4-negative participants, quartiles of amyloid-β1-42 were inversely related to Pittsburgh compound-B positivity. In multiple regression models, plasma amyloid-β1-42 measured in 2000-02 or 2009 were significantly and inversely related to Pittsburgh compound-B positivity as was the amyloid-β1-42/1-40 ratio. There was a 4-fold increase in the odds ratio for the presence of Pittsburgh compound-B positivity in the brain in 2009 for the first quartile of amyloid-β1-42 as compared with the fourth quartile in the multiple logistic model. This is one of the first longitudinal studies to evaluate the relationship between amyloid-β1-42 in the blood and the extent of brain amyloid deposition measured by PET imaging using Pittsburgh compound-B. Our findings showed that remote and recent low plasma amyloid-β1-42 levels were inversely associated with brain amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals. However, changes in plasma amyloid-β1-42 over time (8 years) were small and not related to the amount of Pittsburgh compound-B.
Definition of murine T helper cell determinants in the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 16 (1990)

Three murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted T cell determinants were identified in the major capsid protein L1 of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16. Peptides derived from HPV-16 L1, which contain putative T cell epitopes located by a predictive algorithm, were synthesized and tested for lymphoproliferative activity by direct immunization, followed by in vitro assay of responses to peptides or recombinant HPV-16 L1. The MHC restriction of the stimulatory peptides was determined using blocking monoclonal antibodies against class II molecules. The responses, which were specific for the priming peptides alone, cross-reacted with recombinant L1 but not with analogous peptides derived from other HPV types.
-21-CORONARY MICROEMBOLIZATION WITH 15-μm BUT NOT 25-μm MICROSPHERES AS A MODEL OF ANGINA WITH NORMAL CORONARY ARTERIOGRAMS (1986)

tained, which was almost equall to the value of nenischemic area, In 90% stenosis MBF of 124 ± 76 mlt mintlOOgr was ebtained.In 99% stenesis MBF of 55 rnllmin/100gr was ebtained which was significantly lower than control (p < O,OS) In total occlusion of LAD MBF of 133 ± 31 mlimintlOOgr was obtained and all
Energy shifts and broadening of atomic levels near metal surfaces (1990)

We present calculations of the lifetime broadening and the shifts of hydrogenlike atomic levels (ground and excited states of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) near jellium metal surfaces (Al and Na). The energies and widths of the atomic resonances are obtained from the Schr\"odinger equation with use of the complex scaling technique; the electron potential in the surface region is calculated with use of density-functional theory. We find that the energy shifts of the atomic levels are influenced mainly by the properties of the surface potential close to the atom. The widths of the atomic levels, on the other hand, depend on the surface potential in the whole surface region. We show that in order to obtain accurate widths of atomic levels it is important to incorporate nonlocal effects, particularly the image potential. We also find that the widths are strongly influenced by hybridization among the near-degenerate atomic levels. The excited atomic levels shift differently with distance from the surface leading to multiple level crossings. At such positions the hybridization can be strongly enhanced, resulting in states that are oriented towards or away from the surface, with very different lifetimes that may vary in a nonexponential manner with distance from the surface.
Pre-PCI CRP Levels and Statin Use (2003)

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts adverse cardiac events. Statins effectively limit such events after percutaneous coronary
Staying in the middle : exact and approximate medians in R1 and R2 for moving points (2005)

Many divide-and-conquer based geometric algorithms and order-statistics problems ask for a point that lies &amp;quot;in the middle&amp;quot; of a given point set. We study several fundamental problems of this type for moving points in one and two dimensions. In particular, we show how to kinetically maintain the median of a set of n points moving on the real line, and a center point of a set of n points moving in the plane, that is, a point such that any line through it has at most 2n/3 on either side of it. Since the maintenance of exact medians and center points can be quite expensive, we also show how to maintain &amp;quot;-approximate medians and center points and argue that the latter can be made to be much more stable under motion. These results are based on a new algorithm to maintain an &amp;quot;-approximation of a range space under insertions and deletions, which is of independent interest. All our approximation algorithms run in near-linear time.
Accelerating Medical Innovation at USC: Realizing the Dream of Alfred E. Mann (2012)

Alfred E. Mann's vision is to create organizations that will help medical innovations born in academic environments evolve into commercially fit solutions, without the risk of being abandoned under the financial pressures early stage start-ups often experience. In 1998, Mann worked with Stephen Sample, president of USC, to create the first AMI for Biomedical Engineering, an organization fueled by an endowment valued at approximately US$160 million today. Technology-acceleration centers come in different flavors. AMI USC's recipe has evolved since its creation, with edits that incorporate lessons learned and improvements brought by its expanding network of talented resource people. Its 15-member staff, consisting of three-fourths industry professionals, includes seasoned generalists and specialists in medical technology commercialization. Although the support varies with each invention, some recurring ingredients weave into the AMI approach to accelerating medical innovation.
Phase-correcting feedback system for class E power amplifier (1997)

A phase-correcting feedback system which reduces the AM-to-PM distortion of Class E power amplifiers for wireless communication is presented in this paper. It comprises a novel limiting amplifier, a phase detector, and a phase shifter all operating at 835 MHz. The phase-correcting feedback together with a Class E power amplifier were fabricated in a 0.8-/spl mu/m GaAs MESFET process. The limiting amplifier has a phase error less than 2.5/spl deg/. The phase detector and phase shifter have a sensitivity of 10 mV/degree and 80/spl deg//V, respectively. The Class E power amplifier delivers 26.5 dBm to the load with a power added efficiency of 67%. The phase correcting feedback system reduces the 30/spl deg/ phase distortion of the Class E amplifier down to 4/spl deg/, and its total power dissipation is 21.5 mW.
976 Changes of regional myocardial function and myocardial hypertrophy in patients with severe aortic stenoses during long term follow-up after aortic valve replacement (2006)

Background: It is not known if strain by tissue Doppler imaging provides useful information on myocardial fibrosis in chronic heart failure receiving candesartan or in combination with spironolactone therapy. Methods: 48 chronic heart failure patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% on standard therapy including ACEI for more than six months were randomized to candesartan 8 mg daily plus spironolactone 25 mg daily (C+S group, N=23) or candesartan 8mg daily alone (C group, N=25) for one year. Cardiac MRI and echocardiography with TDI were done at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Mean systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities of six-LV basal segments were measured by TDI (Sm, Em). Mean strain of six-basal segments, cyclic variation of integrated backscatter (CVIB) and standard deviation of time to peak systolic myocardial systolic velocity of 12 segments (Ts-SD) were assessed. Results: The 2 groups had comparable demographic data, LVEF by MRI and echo variables at baseline. LVEF by MRI significantly improved in the C+S group compared to C group (D 5419% vs D 95% p=0.01), LV mass by MRI significantly reduced in the C+S group, but increased in the C group (D-114% vs D-74%, p=0.002) at one year. Meanwhile, the C+S group showed a significant increase in strain (131% vs 161%, p<0.05), Sm (3.40.2 vs 4.00.3 cm/s, p<0.05), CVIB (110.7 vs 131, p<0.05), and decreased in diastolic filling pressure E/Em (335 vs 202, p<0.01) from baseline to one year. Ts-SD trended to decrease in C+S group (433 vs 374 ms, p>0.05). However, there was no change in the C group for strain, Sm, CVIB, E/Em and Ts-SD from baseline to one year follow-up.
Mechanical Stress Promotes Maturation of Human Myocardium From Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Progenitors (2015)

Recent advances in pluripotent stem cell biology and directed differentiation have identified a population of human cardiovascular progenitors that give rise to cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Because the heart develops from progenitors in 3D under constant mechanical load, we sought to test the effects of a 3D microenvironment and mechanical stress on differentiation and maturation of human cardiovascular progenitors into myocardial tissue. Progenitors were derived from embryonic stem cells, cast into collagen hydrogels, and left unstressed or subjected to static or cyclic mechanical stress. Compared to 2D culture, the unstressed 3D environment increased cardiomyocyte numbers and decreased smooth muscle numbers. Additionally, 3D culture suppressed smooth muscle α-actin content, suggesting diminished cell maturation. Cyclic stress-conditioning increased expression of several cardiac markers, including β-myosin heavy chain and cardiac troponin T, and the tissue showed enhanced calcium dynamics and force production. There was no effect of mechanical loading on cardiomyocyte or smooth muscle specification. Thus, 3D growth conditions favor cardiac differentiation from cardiovascular progenitors, whereas 2D conditions promote smooth muscle differentiation. Mechanical loading promotes cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation. Culture in 3-D facilitates understanding how cues such as mechanical stress affect the differentiation and morphogenesis of distinct cardiovascular cell populations into organized, functional human cardiovascular tissue. Stem Cells 2015;33:2148-2157.
Improving the Catalytic Performance of Cobalt for CO Preferential Oxidation by Stabilizing the Active Phase through Vanadium Promotion (2021)

Preferential oxidation of CO (COPrOx) is a catalytic reaction targeting the removal of trace amounts of CO from hydrogen-rich gas mixtures. Non-noble metal catalysts, such as Cu and Co, can be equally active to Pt for the reaction; however, their commercialization is limited by their poor stability. We have recently shown that CoO is the most active state of cobalt for COPrOx, but under certain reaction conditions, it is readily oxidized to Co3O4 and deactivates. Here, we report a simple method to stabilize the Co2+ state by vanadium addition. The V-promoted cobalt catalyst exhibits considerably higher activity and stability than pure cobalt. The nature of the catalytic active sites during COPrOx was established by operando NAP-XPS and NEXAFS, while the stability of the Co2+ state on the surface was verified by in situ NEXAFS at 1 bar pressure. The active phase consists of an ultra-thin cobalt-vanadate surface layer, containing tetrahedral V5+ and octahedral Co2+ cations, with an electronic and geometric structure that is deviating from the standard mixed bulk oxides. In addition, V addition helps to maintain the population of Co2+ species involved in the reaction, inhibiting carbonate species formation that are responsible for the deactivation. The promoting effect of V is discussed in terms of enhancement of CoO redox stability on the surface induced by electronic and structural modifications. These results demonstrate that V-promoted cobalt is a promising COPrOx catalyst and validate the application of in situ spectroscopy to provide the concept for designing better performing catalysts.
Utricularia radiata Small (2003)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/10559/thumbnail.jpg
An active dendritic tree can mitigate fan-in limitations in superconducting neurons (2021)

Superconducting electronic circuits have much to offer with regard to neuromorphic hardware. Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) can serve as an active element to perform the thresholding operation of a neuron's soma. However, a SQUID has a response function that is periodic in the applied signal. We show theoretically that if one restricts the total input to a SQUID to maintain a monotonically increasing response, a large fraction of synapses must be active to drive a neuron to threshold. We then demonstrate that an active dendritic tree (also based on SQUIDs) can significantly reduce the fraction of synapses that must be active to drive the neuron to threshold. In this context, the inclusion of a dendritic tree provides dual benefits of enhancing computational abilities of each neuron and allowing the neuron to spike with sparse input activity.
Supplementary Figure 8 from Aging of Preleukemic Thymocytes Drives CpG Island Hypermethylation in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 8&lt;/p&gt;
Antibacterial Activity of DesCys11/Lys12/Lys13-(p-BthTX-I)2K Sequence Conjugated to Cell-Penetrating Peptides (2021)

The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is occurring worldwide. An alternative against resistant bacteria has been antimicrobial peptides. Cell penetrating peptides are a family of peptides that are able to cross the biological membrane. In the present study, the peptide desCys11/Lys12/Lys13(p-BthTX-I)2K was coupled to the cell penetrating peptides PFVYLI, HIV-TAT (47-57) and AIP-6 to improve its antimicrobial action. The peptides were synthesized by SPPS. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to evaluated structure of conjugates. The biological activity was determined by broth microdilution tests and the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were obtained. The hemolytic activity was performed to measure the toxicity against erythrocytes. The results obtained demonstrate that the peptides do not have a defined structure, which is consistent with the structure of desCys11/Lys12/Lys13(p-BthTX-I)2K. Conjugates showed activity against Gram-negative E. coli similar to the wild type peptide. However, the MIC decreased from 128 µM to values ​​between 16 µM and 8 µM in Gram-positive S. aureus. Except to PFVYLI conjugate, hemolytic activity was not found. These results showed that the addition of the fusion peptides to the original peptide, improves the activity of the peptide against Gram-positive bacteria, without decrease its activity in Gram-negative bacteria.
Stability of pharmaceutical salts in solid oral dosage forms (2017)

Using pharmaceutical salts in solid dosage forms can raise stability concerns, especially salt dissociation which can adversely affect the product performance. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the salt instability encountered in solid-state formulations is imperative to ensure the product quality. The present article uses the fundamental theory of acid base, ionic equilibrium, relationship of pH and solubility as a starting point to illustrate and interpret the salt formation and salt disproportionation in pharmaceutical systems. The criteria of selecting the optimal salt form and the underlying theory of salt formation and disproportionation are reviewed in detail. Factors influencing salt stability in solid dosage forms are scrutinized and discussed with the case studies. In addition, both commonly used and innovative strategies for preventing salt dissociations in formulation, on storage and during manufacturing will be suggested herein. This article will provide formulation scientists and manufacturing engineers an insight into the mechanisms of salt disproportionation and salt formation, which can help them to avoid and solve the instability issues of pharmaceutical salts in the product design.
High efficiency electrodes for deep brain stimulation (2009)

Deep brain stimulators are powered with primary cell batteries and require surgical replacement when they are depleted. We sought to decrease power consumption, and thereby increase device lifetime by increasing neuronal stimulating efficiency with novel electrode designs. Our hypothesis was that high-perimeter electrodes that increase the variation of current density on their surface would generate larger activating functions for surrounding neurons, hence increasing stimulation efficiency. We implemented finite element models of cylindrical DBS electrodes with conventional circular perimeters, with serpentine perimeters, and with segmented contacts. The high-perimeter electrodes significantly increased the variation of current density on the electrode surface. We randomly positioned a population of 100 model axons around the electrodes and quantified neural activation with 100 micros cathodic stimuli. Input-output curves of percentage axons activated as a function of stimulation intensity indicated that the novel electrode geometries decreased power consumption by up to approximately 20% for axons parallel to the electrode and up to approximately 35% for axons perpendicular to the electrode. Reduced power consumption achieved with these designs will reduce the costs and risks associated with surgeries to replace depleted stimulators.
Teaching Evo-Devo with Legos: It's Not the Genes You Have, It's How You Use Them (2019)

Evolution is a central principle of biology. However, key aspects of evolution can be very difficult to model in a classroom setting. Two such key principles are (1) how the accumulation of small, relatively minor modifications can lead to the diversity of life over extended periods of time; and (2) how closely related genomes between different organisms can yield such dramatic differences in patterning and phenotype. The second aspect is explained largely by evolutionary developmental biology (“evo-devo”), whereby tiny modifications in when, where, and how much the same genes are used during development can lead to dramatic differences in the adult. Developmental construction, using similar building tools, can lead to the formation of a large variety of forms. Here, I describe fun, inexpensive, and simple methods using drawings and Legos by which students can actively generate understanding of descent by modification and evo-devo. Specifically, students learn how the same genes, used in different ways, can lead to “endless forms most beautiful” as originally phrased by Darwin himself. With the accompanying guided discussion, these activities also illustrate other key principles of evo-devo such as combinatorial and modular enhancers, Von Baer's principles, and genetic and morphological homology.
Co-SOFT-Clustering: An Information Theoretic approach to obtain overlapping clusters from co-occurrence data (2008)

Co-clustering exploits co-occurrence information, from contingency tables to cluster both rows and columns simultaneously. It has been established that co-clustering produces a better clustering structure as compared to conventional methods of clustering. So far, co-clustering has only been used as a technique for producing hard clusters, which might be inadequate for applications such as document clustering. In this paper, we present an algorithm using the information theoretic approach [1] to generate overlapping (soft) clusters. The algorithm maintains probability membership for every instance to each of the possible clusters and iteratively tunes these membership values. The theoretical formulation of the criterion function is presented first, followed by the actual algorithm. We evaluate the algorithm over document/word co-occurrence information and present experimental results.
Carbon dioxide reduction by mononuclear ruthenium polypyridyl complexes (2011)

New mononuclear ruthenium complexes with general formula [Ru(bid)(B)(Cl)] (bid is (1Z,3Z)-1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)isoindolin-2-ide; B = bidentate ligand 2,2'-bipyridine or R(2)-bpy, where R = COOEt or OMe) were synthesized and tested as precatalysts for the hydrogenative reduction of CO(2) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) as solvent with added NEt(3). Significant amounts of formic acid were produced by these catalysts and a kinetic analysis based on initial rate constants was carried out. The potential mechanisms including intermediate species for these catalytic systems were investigated by means of quantum chemical calculations to gain deeper insight into the processes. The effect of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on catalyst performance was studied both experimentally and theoretically.
3T phased array MRI improves the presurgical evaluation in focal epilepsies (2005)

Phased array surface coil studies performed at 3 Tesla read by an experienced unblinded neuroradiologist can improve the presurgical evaluation of patients with focal epilepsy when compared to routine clinical 1.5T studies read at tertiary care centers.