gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral drug discovery: Ten more compounds, and ten more stories (part B) (2009)

This review article that complements the previous review article on "The discovery of antiviral agents: ten different compounds, ten different stories" presents ten more compounds and ten more stories in which I have been closely involved at one or another point of my scientific career: (i) interferon (IFN) (in particular, IFN-beta); (ii) poly(I).poly(C); (iii) suramin; (iv) novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonates; (v) the double prodrug of [9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine]; (vi) cyclic nucleoside phosphonates; (vii) picornavirus inhibitors; (viii) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-receptor inhibitors; (ix) nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin A analogues; and (x) bicyclic (furanopyrimidine) nucleoside analogues. With the exception of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 inhibitor none of the compounds described here have already been marketed (for the indication they were initially developed). Successful antiviral drug development depends on the interplay of three disciplines, chemistry, biology/medicine, and industry, crucial factors being open mindedness for the unexpected, preparedness to explore serendipitous observations, and perseverance (in trying) to overcome the hurdles or setbacks inevitably compounding any drug development.
Brain delivery of supplemental docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (2020)

HNY was supported by R01AG055770, R01AG054434, R01AG067063 from the National Institute of Aging and NIRG-15-361854 from the Alzheimer's Association, and MGH by the L. K. Whittier Foundation. This work was also supported by P50AG05142 (HCC) from the National Institutes of Health. Funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report.
Cryopreservation of adherent human embryonic stem cells (2004)

Standard human embryonic stem (HES) cell cryopreservation methodologies, including slow freezing and vitrification of colonies in suspension, are plagued by poor viability and high differentiation rates upon recovery. To facilitate research studies and clinical applications of HES cells, we have developed a cryopreservation technique based on stabilizing HES colonies adherent to or embedded in a Matrigel matrix. This method increases cell viability by over an order of magnitude compared with cryopreservation in suspension and reduces differentiation. Loading adherent HES cells with the disaccharide trehalose prior to cryopreserving in a dimethylsulfoxide-containing cryoprotectant solution further improves cell viability under certain conditions. Our proposed approach has the potential to reduce the time required to amplify frozen stocks of HES cells, minimize risk of clonal selection during freeze-thaw cycles, and facilitate storage of HES cell clone libraries.
Histopathology of Explanted Collar Button Keratoprostheses: A Clinicopathologic Correlation (2003)

Corneal inflammation and degradation after KPro placement correlate well with the preoperative diagnostic category. Patients with immune-related corneal surface disease can exhibit marked inflammatory responses leading to necrosis, stromal melting, and the formation of an epithelial fistula. In contrast, patients without autoimmune corneal disease demonstrate a remarkably noninflamed cornea with intact keratocytes and without epithelial ingrowth, commensurate with their clinical appearance.
Thienothiophene Copolymers in Field Effect Transistors (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction to organic electronics Organic field effect transistors Organic semiconductors Thienothiophene polymers Conclusion References
Cumulative exposure risk of concussion for youth and high school football head impacts (2013)

Sports-related concussion is the most common athletic head injury with football having the highest rate. Traditionally, research on the biomechanics of football-related head impacts has been focused at the collegiate level. Less research has been performed at the youth and high school level, despite undetermined rates of concussion among youth football players. The objective of this study is to develop and present a cumulative exposure risk metric and use it to analyze cumulative risk at various levels of play. Head impact exposure was measured by instrumenting the helmets of 111 youth and high school football players with helmet mounted accelerometer arrays. Age groups analyzed in this study include 6-8 years, 9-12 years, 12-14 years, and 14-18 years. The risk associated with each linear and/or rotational acceleration measured for each player was calculated based on linear, rotational, and combined probability concussion risk functions. These data were combined to define the cumulative exposure risk (CER) for the season for each player for each risk function. CERs for all players for each age group were summed to calculate the estimated number of concussions experienced for the age group. The three concussion risk functions (linear 1 , rotational 2 , combined probability (CP) 3 ) were used to calculate the number of predicted concussions for each age group over the course of the season given each risk function. A non-parametric Wilcoxon test of multiple comparisons was performed to identify differences between groups. Results demonstrate age-dependent variations in CER. Each CER metric resulted in significantly lower cumulative exposure for the 7-8 and 9-12 age groups compared to the 12-14 and 14-18 age groups. There was no significant difference in exposure between the 7-8 and 9-12 age groups, nor between the 12-14 and 14-18 age groups. . The predicted number of concussions was found to vary significantly between different risk functions as well from less than 1 to 34 concussions. The CER metric presented in this study is novel as it accounts for the frequency and severity of each player's impacts. The results from this study contribute to the understanding of cumulative head impact exposure in football which will further our understanding of the biomechanics of head injury.
Correct Targeting of the Bean Storage Protein Phaseolin in the Seeds of Transformed Tobacco (1985)

The storage protein phaseolin accumulates during seed development in protein bodies in cotyledons of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. Hall et al. (In L Van Vloten-Doting, TC Hall, eds, Molecular Form and Function of the Plant Genome, 1985 Plenum Press, In press) recently reported the expression of a gene coding for phaseolin and the accumulation of phaseolin protein in developing seeds of tobacco plants regenerated from transformed callus cells. The protein did not accumulate in other organs of the plants. Mature seeds from normal and transformed tobacco plants were obtained and the subcellular distribution of phaseolin in the seeds was examined using both light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods. Phaseolin was found in six of seven transformed tobacco embryos examined, but was present in only one endosperm of five. When present, phaseolin was located exclusively in the protein bodies of the embryonic and endospermic cells. Furthermore, phaseolin was restricted solely to the amorphous matrix of the protein bodies and was excluded from the globoid and proteinaceous crystalloid components of these organelles. The subcellular location of phaseolin in seeds from transformed tobacco plants is similar to that seen in mature seeds of the common bean indicating that in the transformed cells the protein is targeted to the right subcellular compartment.
Simulation of impact of golf ball : The validity of the oblique impact model (2003)

Simulation of impact of go f ball ( The va idity of the ob ique impact mode )
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP STUDIES ON SOME INDOLALKYLAMINES ACETYLENIC DERIVATIVES AS SELECTIVE MAO-A INHIBITORS (1992)

*Dept. Bioquimica, Fac. Med, Univ. Aut. Barcelona **Inst. Quimica Orgánica, C. S. l. C. Madrid, Spain
VICAR-DIGITAL image processing system (1969)

Computer program corrects various photometic, geometric and frequency response distortions in pictures. The program converts pictures to a number of elements, with each elements optical density quantized to a numerical value. The translated picture is recorded on magnetic tape in digital form for subsequent processing and enhancement by computer.
Dry powder endotracheal insufflators device for use in dose dependent preclinical studies in mice (2012)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Protein and DNA synthesis demonstrated in cell-free Ehrlichia chaffeensis organisms in axenic medium (2018)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a tick-transmitted rickettsial bacterium, is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Biochemical characterization of this and other related Rickettsiales remains a major challenge, as they require a host cell for their replication. We investigated the use of an axenic medium for E. chaffeensis growth, assessed by protein and DNA synthesis, in the absence of a host cell. E. chaffeensis organisms harvested from in vitro cultures grown in a vertebrate cell line were fractionated into infectious dense-core cells (DC) and the non-infectious replicating form, known as reticulate cells (RC) by renografin density gradient centrifugation and incubated in the axenic medium containing amino acids, nucleotides, and different energy sources. Bacterial protein and DNA synthesis were observed in RCs in response to glucose-6-phosphate, although adenosine triphosphate, alpha-ketoglutarate or sodium acetate supported protein synthesis. The biosynthetic activity could not be detected in DCs in the axenic medium. While the data demonstrate de novo protein and DNA synthesis under axenic conditions for E. chaffeensis RCs, additional modifications are required in order to establish conditions that support bacterial replication, and transition to DCs.
Micromachined Viscosity Sensors (2009)

Das Messen der Viskosität einer Flüssigkeit ermöglicht eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen wie die Überwachung von Prozessen und von Flüssigkeitszuständen. Miniaturisierte Sensoren wie Dickenscherschwinger und Oberflächenwellenbauteile sind durch hohe Betriebsfrequenzen und kleine Schwingungsamplituden gekennzeichnet. Der Viskositätsparameter, der von solchen Sensoren ermittelt wird, ist daher nicht immer mit den Messergebnissen konventioneller Labormessgeräte vergleichbar. In dieser Dissertation werden neue Viskositätssensoren mit Schwingungsfrequenzen im kHz-Bereich und deutlich größeren mechanischen Amplituden präsentiert. Die Sensoren basieren auf der Anregung durch Lorentzkräfte und optischen sowie piezoresistiven Auslesemechanismen und wurden durch Bearbeitungsmethoden hergestellt, die aus der Halbleitertechnologie bekannt sind.&lt;br /&gt;
ORALLOY (93.15 235U) METAL ANNULI WITH BERYLLIUM CORE (2010)

A variety of critical experiments were constructed of enriched uranium metal during the 1960s and 1970s at the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility (ORCEF) in support of criticality safety operations at the Y-12 Plant. The purposes of these experiments included the evaluation of storage, casting, and handling limits for the Y-12 Plant and providing data for verification of calculation methods and cross-sections for nuclear criticality safety applications. These included solid cylinders of various diameters, annuli of various inner and outer diameters, two and three interacting cylinders of various diameters, and graphite and polyethylene reflected cylinders and annuli. Of the hundreds of delayed critical experiments, two were performed that consisted of uranium metal annuli with a solid beryllium metal core. The outer diameter of the annuli was approximately 13 or 15 inches with an inner diameter of 7 inches. The diameter of the core was approximately 7 inches. The critical height of the configurations was approximately 5 and 4 inches, respectively. The uranium annuli consisted of multiple stacked rings with diametral thicknesses of approximately 2 inches apiece and varying heights. The 15-inch experiment was performed on June 4, 1963, and the 13-inch experiment on July 12, 1963 by J. T. Mihalczo and R. G. Taylor (Ref. 1) with accompanying logbook. Both detailed and simplified model specifications are provided in this evaluation. Both of these fast-spectra experiments were determined to represent acceptable benchmarks. The calculated eigenvalues for both the detailed and simple models are within approximately 0.6% of the benchmark values, but significantly greater than 3s from the benchmark value because the uncertainty in the benchmark is very small: <±0.0004 (1s). There is significant variability between results using different neutron cross section libraries, the greatest being a ?keff of ~0.67%. Unreflected and unmoderated experiments with the same highly enriched uranium metal parts were performed at the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility in the 1960s and are evaluated in HEU MET FAST 051. Thin graphite reflected (2 inches or less) experiments also using the same highly enriched uranium metal parts are evaluated in HEU MET FAST 071. Polyethylene-reflected configurations are evaluated in HEU-MET-FAST-076. A stack of highly enriched metal discs with a thick beryllium reflector is evaluated in HEU-MET-FAST-069.
Impact of active rock glaciers on solute chemistry in Alpine headwaters (2014)

Mountain permafrost is abundant in the European Alps where mean annual air temperature (MAAT) is below -3°C, but there are also sites with MAAT around -1°C. Studies based on borehole soundings have revealed a warming of mountain permafrost of up to 1°C during recent decades. An important form of mountain permafrost in the European Alps are active rock glaciers, lobate- or tongue-shaped bodies of unconsolidated rocks and debris with an ice core or ice-matrix structure, which makes active rock glaciers sensitive indicators of climate change. There is evidence that the increase in air temperature has recently favored the solute release from active rock glaciers, and pronounced changes in water quality of headwaters in the Alps have been described (Thies et al. 2007, 2013).&#13;\nHere, we report on the seasonality of solute concentrations in selected rock glacier streams in the Central Eastern Alps (Austria, Italy). Bedrock at the sites consists of paragneiss and micaschist of the Oetztal metamorphic complex. Only negligible anthropogenic impacts were observed at the selected sites (e.g. minor summer grazing of cattle). Substance concentrations of most streams revealed a strong increase up to a factor of 5 through the summer season, and thus reflected the seasonally varying contributions of the melting winter snow pack, summer precipitation, groundwater and ice melt to the discharge of active rock glaciers. Dominating ion species were sulfate, calcium and magnesium, which comprised about 98% of the total ion load. High concentrations of metals like aluminum, nickel or manganese were found in acidic streams at pH values of 4.4 to 5.2. Reference streams without any impact of active rock glaciers, on the contrary, revealed no seasonality in solute concentrations and values remained one to two orders of magnitude below those of rock glacier streams. We show vertical solute profiles in the ice of a 40 m long core drilled at an active rock glacier in the Italian Alps, where distinct layers of extremely high ion and metal concentrations were detected and peak values of electrical conductivity exceeded 1000 ìS/cm
The IRT-Buggy – Vehicle Platform for Research and Education (2017)

This paper presents the "IRT-Buggy", a model vehicle that is designed as a platform for research and education and that is developed at RWTH Aachen University. With two steered front wheels and two powered rear wheels, it can reach speeds of approx. 45km/h at a weight of slightly over 60kg. The vehicle's non-holonomous 2D kinematics are very comparable to the ones of a typical passenger vehicle. It is equipped with sensors that in similar form are also found in passenger vehicles, such as wheel speed sensors, inertial sensors and a GNSS sensor. Throughout the development of the model vehicle, special attention is paid to making the vehicle as useful as possible for control engineering tasks. For example, the electronic interfaces are designed in such a way that easy and intuitive access to all essential vehicle functions is granted while at the same time flexibility is not compromised due to oversimplification. The vehicle's operational concept allows new users to quickly operate the vehicle safely and to begin experimenting. Mechanisms are implemented that provide certain protection from maloperation. At the same time, experienced users can have full access to the actuation capabilities of the vehicle at different levels. The IRT-Buggy is intended to be usable by students in an educational context, but also to serve as a serious experimental platform for control engineering research, with no conceptual drawbacks compared to a "real" passenger vehicle other than the obvious limitations due to size, power or achievable speed.
Moscatilin Induces Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells: A Crucial Role of c-Jun NH2-Terminal Protein Kinase Activation Caused by Tubulin Depolymerization and DNA Damage (2008)

In summary, our results suggest that moscatilin induces apoptosis of colorectal HCT-116 cells via tubulin depolymerization and DNA damage stress and that this leads to the activation of JNK and mitochondria-involved intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
Precipitation Copolymerization of Vinyl‐imidazole and Vinyl‐pyrrolidone, 2 – Kinetic Model (2011)

Abstract A mathematical model simulating the precipitation polymerization of vinyl‐imidazole (VI) and vinyl‐pyrrolidone (VP) in organic solvent is developed. Free radical polymerization can occur in two phases: the continuous solvent rich one and the dispersed polymer‐rich one. The relevance of each reaction locus has been identified by comparing the simulation results of a reduced version of the comprehensive model of precipitation polymerization developed in this work to the experimental data of cumulative copolymer composition. It is found that the interphase transport of active chains between the two phases is negligible. Consequently, due to the equilibrium partitioning of monomers and initiator largely in favor of the dispersed phase, the polymer chains are mainly produced in the polymer‐rich phase. Finally, the comprehensive model including the population balance equations for active and dead polymer chains is discussed, which allows describing the complete molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the final product. This way, a further confirmation of the dominance of the precipitated phase as main reaction locus is provided. magnified image
Fused-Ring Thiadiazines:  Preparation and Crystallographic Characterization of 3-Phenyl Derivative of Benzo-, Pyridio[2,3-<i>e</i>]-, Pyrazino[2,3-<i>e</i>]-, and Tetrafluorobenzo-[1,2,4]thiadiazines (2004)

Four bicyclic 4H-[1,2,4]thiadiazines 1a-d were prepared in 74-88% yields in two steps from the corresponding amidines 2. Three of them, 1a, 1b, and 1d, were obtained by thermal elimination of propene from the intermediate S-propylsulfilimines 12. The pyrazino derivative 1c was formed upon thermolysis of sulfoxide 14c obtained from 2c. The E(i) mechanism was investigated using DFT methods. The elimination in the sulfilimine appears to be more favorable by about 2 kcal/mol than in the analogous sulfoxide. Crystal and molecular structures of three out of the four thiadiazines were established by single-crystal X-ray analysis. All thiadiazines were found as the 4H tautomers with the heterocyclic ring puckered along the S(1)...N(4) line. The benzo derivative 1a forms a unidimensional N(4)-H...N(2) chain, the pyrazino derivative 1c forms dimeric pairs with two synergistic hydrogen bonds, and the crystal structure of 1d is characterized by strong C(6)F(4)...C(6)H(5) quadrupolar interactions.
Deep diving into BitTorrent locality (2010)

A substantial amount of work has recently gone into localizing BitTorrent traffic within an ISP in order to avoid excessive and often times unnecessary transit costs. In this work we aim to answer yet unanswered questions such as: what is the minimum and the maximum transit traffic reduction across hundreds of ISPs?, what are the win-win boundaries for ISPs and their users?, what is the maximum amount of transit traffic that can be localized without requiring fine-grained control of inter-AS overlay connections?, what is the impact to transit traffic from upgrades of residential broadband speeds?.
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic separation of basic enantiomers using heptakis(2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfato)-β-cyclodextrin (1999)

The enantiomers of 40 basic analytes, mostly pharmaceuticals, were separated by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in acidic methanol background electrolytes using the sodium salt of heptakis(2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfato)-beta-cyclodextrin (HDMS-beta-CD). The effective mobilities, separation selectivities, and peak resolution values were determined as a function of the HDMS-beta-CD concentration in the 0-40 mM range and were found to follow the theoretical predictions of the charged resolving agent migration model (CHARM model). Fast, efficient enantiomer separations were achieved for a large number of both very hydrophobic and hydrophilic weak bases.
Rationale for anti-CD200 immunotherapy in B-CLL and other hematologic malignancies: new concepts in blocking immune suppression (2007)

Immune evasion in cancer is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in the failure of a natural host antitumor immune response as well as in the failure of cancer vaccine trials. Immune evasion may be the result of a number of factors, including expansion of regulatory T cells, production of immunosuppressive cytokines, downregulation of HLA class I and tumor-associated antigens and upregulation of immunosuppressive molecules on the surface of tumor cells. CD200, a cell surface ligand that plays a role in regulating the immune system, has been shown to be upregulated on the surface of some hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. This review characterizes the role of CD200 in immune suppression, and describes strategies to target this molecule in the oncology setting, thus directly modulating immune regulation and potentially altering tolerance to tumor antigens.
pH-Responsive Lipid Nanoparticles Achieve Efficient mRNA Transfection in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells (2022)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is comprised of brain capillary endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in the transport of drugs from the blood to the brain. Therefore, an analysis of proteins in the endothelial cells, such as transporters and tight junction proteins, which contribute to BBB function, is important for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of brain diseases. However, gene transfection into the vascular endothelial cells of the BBB is fraught with difficulties, even in vitro. We report herein on the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), in which mRNA is encapsulated in a nano-sized capsule composed of a pH-activated and reductive environment-responsive lipid-like material (ssPalm). We evaluated the efficiency of mRNA delivery into non-polarized human brain capillary endothelial cells, hCMEC/D3 cells. The ssPalm LNPs permitted marker genes (GFP) to be transferred into nearly 100% of the cells, with low toxicity in higher concentration. A proteomic analysis indicated that the ssPalm-LNP had less effect on global cell signaling pathways than a Lipofectamine MessengerMAX/GFP-encoding mRNA complex (LFN), a commercially available transfection reagent, even at higher mRNA concentrations.