gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloud Configuration Optimization for Recurring Batch-Processing Applications (2023)

Recognizing the diversity of Big Data analytic jobs, cloud providers offer a wide range of VM instance types or even clusters to cater for different use cases. The choice of cloud configurations can have a significant impact on the response time and running cost of batch-processing applications, which may need to be re-run regularly with cloud-scale resources. However, identifying the best cloud configuration with a low search cost is quite challenging due to i) the large and high-dimensional configuration space, ii) the time-varying cloud service cost (e.g., AWS Spot instances), and iii) job response time variation even given the same configuration. To tackle these challenges, we design and implement <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Accordia</i> , a system that enables Adaptive Cloud Configuration Optimization for Recurring Data-Intensive Applications. By leveraging recent algorithmic advances in Gaussian Process UCB techniques, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Accordia</i> can unearth the cost-optimal configuration with a deadline constraint (i.e., maximum tolerated running time) under the time-varying cloud service cost. More importantly, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Accordia</i> manages to achieve a theoretical performance guarantee, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub-linearly increasing dynamic regret</i> of the job completion cost. Using extensive trace-driven simulations and empirical measurements of our Kubernetes-based implementation, we demonstrate that <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Accordia</i> can identify a near-cost-optimal configuration (i.e., within 10% of the optimum) after fewer than 20 runs from over 7000 candidate choices, which translates to a 2X-speedup and up to 17.9% cost-savings, when comparing to the state-of-the-art approach, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CherryPick</i> .
Hydrothermal epitaxy growth of self-organized vanadium dioxide 3D structures with metal–insulator transition and THz transmission switch properties (2020)

The hydrothermal method is an effective approach for the synthesis of VO<sub>2</sub> films with unique crystallites morphology and sharp electrical and optical switch properties.
The True Value of Spirulina (2020)

Algae products are attracting growing interest due to their pleasant taste and their high contents in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Specifically, spirulina products are widely promoted for their high vitamin B<sub>12</sub> content. So far, knowledge regarding the contamination with cyanotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is scarce, although some studies reported high contaminant levels in spirulina products. The regular intake of spirulina, and very likely other algae products as well, as a dietary supplement in the gram range demands a closer monitoring of potentially harmful constituents.
Research Challenges of Business-Driven IT Management (2007)

Business-driven IT management (BDIM) aims at managing enterprise IT infrastructure and services efficiently and at improving business results at the same time. BDIM is based on mappings between IT technical performance metrics and business relevant metrics and exploit the linkage to provide decision support to IT management so as to maximize business value and IT-Business alignment. As an example, the number of successfully executed IT infrastructure changes can be mapped to financial loss due to the service disruption experienced by customers when the changes take place. Up to now, there has been some research effort in proposing and applying BDIM solutions to IT management with potential gains for the business. However, much remains to be researched, prototyped and validated before this new IT management discipline can become widely applicable. This paper presents a research agenda for BDIM. After reviewing BDIM concepts and proposing a framework to assist in defining and describing BDIM usage domains, the paper discusses ongoing work and outlines some research challenges.
Microstructures and dielectric properties at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of PbTiO<sub>3</sub>-PbZrO<sub>3</sub>system (1988)

Abstract Microstructures and dielectric properties near the MPB of PbTiO3-PbZrO3 system have been investigated. The coexistence of both tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) phases has been confirmed in the MPB. Pb (Zr0. 53Ti0. 47) O3 specimen by convergent beam diffraction (CBD) techniques.
Immunization decision-making capacity building in low- and middle-income countries through teaching vaccine economics everywhere: a program evaluation (2019)

Background: National immunization program staff have limited prior training in economics, despite a need to make difficult economic choices in financing and operating their programs. Teaching Vaccine Economics Everywhere (TVEE) is an international consortium of 4 universities that provides vaccine economics and financing training to mid-career immunization program managers and policy-makers in low-and middle-income countries. Since 2017, TVEE has provided short training workshops at four regional hubs using a curriculum developed using real data and scenarios tailored to region-specific needs. The study aims to evaluate program impact of the first 2 years. Methods: The impact of the program was evaluated based on the Kirkpatrick Model. The survey was developed and distributed using Qualtrics to all participants from all
Imaging local genetic influences on cortical folding (2020)

Recent progress in deciphering mechanisms of human brain cortical folding leave unexplained whether spatially patterned genetic influences contribute to this folding. High-resolution in vivo brain MRI can be used to estimate genetic correlations (covariability due to shared genetic factors) in interregional cortical thickness, and biomechanical studies predict an influence of cortical thickness on folding patterns. However, progress has been hampered because shared genetic influences related to folding patterns likely operate at a scale that is much more local (<1 cm) than that addressed in prior imaging studies. Here, we develop methodological approaches to examine local genetic influences on cortical thickness and apply these methods to two large, independent samples. We find that such influences are markedly heterogeneous in strength, and in some cortical areas are notably stronger in specific orientations relative to gyri or sulci. The overall, phenotypic local correlation has a significant basis in shared genetic factors and is highly symmetric between left and right cortical hemispheres. Furthermore, the degree of local cortical folding relates systematically with the strength of local correlations, which tends to be higher in gyral crests and lower in sulcal fundi. The relationship between folding and local correlations is stronger in primary sensorimotor areas and weaker in association areas such as prefrontal cortex, consistent with reduced genetic constraints on the structural topology of association cortex. Collectively, our results suggest that patterned genetic influences on cortical thickness, measurable at the scale of in vivo MRI, may be a causal factor in the development of cortical folding.
Mosaic trisomy 16 ascertained through amniocentesis: Evaluation of 11 new cases (1998)

Trisomy 16, once thought to result uniformly in early pregnancy loss, has been detected in chorionic villus samples (CVS) from on-going pregnancies and was initially ascribed to a second, nonviable pregnancy. Prenatally detected trisomy 16 in CVS and its resolution to disomy has led to the reexamination of the viability of trisomy 16. This study evaluates 11 cases of mosaic trisomy 16 detected through second trimester amniocentesis. In 9 of the 11 cases, amniocenteses were performed in women under the age of 35 because of abnormal levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) or maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (MShCG). The other two amniocenteses were performed for advanced maternal age. Five of the 11 pregnancies resulted in liveborn infants, and six pregnancies were electively terminated. The liveborn infants all had some combination of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), congenital heart defects (CHD), or minor anomalies. Two of them died neonatally because of complications of severe congenital heart defects. The three surviving children have variable growth retardation, developmental delay, congenital anomalies, and/or minor anomalies. In the terminated pregnancies, the four fetuses evaluated by ultrasound or autopsy demonstrated various congenital anomalies and/or IUGR. Cytogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization studies identified true mosaicism in 5 of 10 cases examined, although the abnormal cell line was never seen in more than 1% of cultured lymphocytes. Placental mosaicism was seen in all placentas examined and was associated with IUGR in four of seven cases. Maternal uniparental disomy was identified in three cases. Mosaic trisomy 16 detected through amniocentesis is not a benign finding but associated with a high risk of abnormal outcome, most commonly IUGR, CHD, developmental delay, and minor anomalies. The various outcomes may reflect the diversity of mechanisms involved in the resolution of this abnormality. As 80% of these patients were ascertained because of the presence of abnormal levels of MSAFP or MShCG, the increased use of maternal serum screening should bring more such cases to clinical attention.
Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδ T cells express distinct surface markers and might be developmentally distinct lineages (2001)

Abstract We report here that the two major types of γδ T cells found in human blood, Vδ1 and Vδ2, were found to have markedly different phenotypes. Vδ2 cells had a phenotype typical of most αβ T cells in blood; i.e., they were CD5+, CD28+, and CD57−. In contrast, Vδ1 cells tended to be CD5−/dull, CD28−, and CD57+. Furthermore, although Vδ1 T cells appeared to be “naive” in that they were CD45RA+, they were CD62L− and on stimulation uniformly produced interferon-γ, indicating that they are in fact memory/effector cells. This phenotype for Vδ1 cells was similar to that of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, a subset that can develop in the absence of the thymus. We suggest that the Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cell subsets represent distinct lineages with different developmental pathways. The disruption of the supply of normal, thymus-derived T cells in HIV-infected individuals might be responsible for the shift in the Vδ2/Vδ1 ratio that occurs in the blood of individuals with HIV disease.
Quantum Plasmonic Circuits (2012)

Interactions between light and matter can be dramatically modified by concentrating light into a small volume for a long period of time. Gaining control over such interaction is critical for realizing many schemes for classical and quantum information processing, including optical and quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and metrology and sensing. Plasmonic structures are capable of confining light to nanometer scales far below the diffraction limit, thereby providing a promising route for strong coupling between light and matter, as well as miniaturization of photonic circuits. At the same time, however, the performance of plasmonic circuits is limited by losses and poor collection efficiency, presenting unique challenges that need to be overcome for quantum plasmonic circuits to become a reality. In this paper, we survey recent progress in controlling emission from quantum emitters using plasmonic structures, as well as efforts to engineer surface plasmon propagation and design plasmonic circuits using these elements.
MEGA PROSTHESES FOR WELL FIXED TKA FEMORAL FX'S – AFFIRMS (2014)

Peri-prosthetic distal femoral fractures around total knee replacement is a highly complex reconstructive challenge, particularly in the presence of bone comminution and poor bone quality in elderly patients. With the incidence of peri-prosthetic fractures ranging from 0.3% to 2.5%, this is becoming a common problem. Older patients with concomitant medical issues have a very limited tolerance for prolonged immobilisation. It is the author9s practice to revise, rather that attempt to fix, peri-prosthetic fractures of the knee which are very close to the femoral or tibial implants, particularly when associated with osteoporosis and comminution. When compared to fracture fixation, distal femoral replacement has significantly shorter operative time, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stay. Patients have been shown to recover faster, have fewer complications, and left hospital sooner. The general assumption has been that the use of a distal femoral replacement prosthesis is cost prohibitive in revision total knee settings, however, initial differences in the price of the prosthesis are more than offset by a shortened hospital stay and a more rapid return to pre-fracture level of function.
Micromagnetic predictions for thermally assisted reversal over long time scales (2000)

A scaling technique is developed to predict micromagnetic properties of magnetic materials subject to thermal fluctuations over long time scales. This theory, based on the equivalence of time and temperature for thermally activated processes, is tested by predicting hysteresis loops for two different thin film magnetic recording media. A comparison to directly calculated values and to experimental hysteresis loop results shows that important features such as the coercivity are predicted with less than 1% error.
One-step simultaneous detection of<i>Ureaplasma parvum</i>and genotypes SV1, SV3 and SV6 from clinical samples using PlexPCR technology (2017)

Ureaplasma spp. have been associated with prematurity for decades, however, only a minority of studies have examined this beyond the genus level. In those that have, Ureaplasma parvum has been strongly associated with preterm birth. We recently demonstrated this in Australian women and further showed that U. parvum genotype SV6 was of particular significance. Our PlexPCR assay allows rapid detection and concurrent genotyping of U. parvum in clinical samples and may be of particular interest to obstetricians, particularly those caring for women at a high risk of preterm birth, and any other disease phenotypes where U. parvum is of interest.
Material and device characterization toward high-efficiency GaAs solar cells on optical-grade polycrystalline Ge substrates (2002)

In this work, the authors present a detailed characterization of the material and device properties of GaAs materials grown on optical-grade poly-Ge substrates. Although the minority-carrier lifetime of the starting optical-grade polycrystalline Ge substrate is about a factor of 8 less than that measured in single-crystal electronic-grade Ge, the minority carrier lifetime in GaAs-AlGaAs double-hetero (DH) structures grown on these two substrates were about comparable. C-V measurements on poly-GaAs p/sup +/n junctions indicate negligible role of grain-boundaries in majority-carrier trapping and also that no compensating deep levels were introduced into the n-GaAs active layers from the optical-grade substrates. The polycrystalline GaAs p/sup +/-n junctions were evaluated by dark In I-V measurements and the authors observed that there is a considerable variation of the saturation dark current density (within a factor of ten) of diodes located in various grains. Electron-beam induced current scan on a p/sup +/-n GaAs junction on poly-Ge indicates a base diffusion length of /spl sim/1.2 /spl mu/m near the depletion-layer but a much longer diffusion length away from the junction-region. The performance of the poly p/sup +/-n GaAs cells is improved by the introduction of an undoped spacer in the p/sup +/-n junction. Diode I-V data of p/sup +/-n GaAs junctions, grown with this spacer, show a factor of near 100 reduction in diode saturation dark-current density. The reduction in dark current is believed to be associated with the reduction of tunneling currents in the depletion-layer of the p/sup +/-n junction in polycrystalline materials. Since the series resistance of the lightly-doped substrate is presently limiting the efficiency of large-area cells, efforts are underway to develop GaAs solar cells on more heavily-doped poly-Ge substrates.
Chronic ACE Inhibition Reduces Intimal Hyperplasia in Experimental Vein Grafts (1991)

Intimal hyperplasia is an important factor in the pathophysiology of vein graft failure. Local renin-angiotensin systems recently have been shown to modulate the development of intimal hyperplasia in arteries after intimal injury. The effect of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on the development of intimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts was examined in this study. Ten New Zealand White rabbits received 10 mg/kg of captopril daily in their drinking water. One week later the right carotid artery was divided and bypassed with the reversed right external jugular vein in these rabbits and in 10 matched controls. Captopril was continued for 28 days after operation, when all the grafts were harvested. Five grafts from each group were perfusion fixed, and the intimal thickness in the proximal, middle, and distal segments was determined. Rings from the remaining grafts (n = 20 in each group) were studied in vitro under isometric tension, and their responses to norepinephrine (NE), histamine (HIST), serotonin (5-HT), angiotensin I (AI), and angiotensin II (AII) was measured. The intimal thickness of the proximal, middle, and distal segments of the captopril-treated grafts were significantly less than controls, being reduced in all segments by approximately 40% (p less than 0.0001). With regard to vasoreactivity, the captopril-treated grafts were hypersensitive to 5-HT (control ED50 5.5 +/- 0.5 X 10(-7) mol/L vs. captopril-treated 1.1 +/- 0.2 X 10(-6) mol/L; p less than 0.005) although the maximal response was significantly reduced (control 1.6 +/- 0.3 g vs. captopril-treated 0.8 +/- 0.1 g; p less than 0.05). There were no differences in sensitivity between control and captopril-treated rings with respect to NE, HIST, AI, or AII. Four of the ten captopril-treated segments, however, failed to respond to AI, and the maximal active tension of the responders was significantly reduced (control 0.47 +/- 0.06 g vs. 0.20 +/- 0.05 g; p less than 0.02). These results suggest that ACE is involved in the modulation of vein graft intimal hyperplasia, and that ACE inhibitors may have therapeutic applications in patients undergoing vein bypass procedures.
A neurophysiological model of speech production deficits in fragile X syndrome (2019)

Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited intellectual disability and monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder. Expressive language deficits, especially in speech production, are nearly ubiquitous among individuals with fragile X, but understanding of the neurological bases for these deficits remains limited. Speech production depends on feedforward control and the synchronization of neural oscillations between speech-related areas of frontal cortex and auditory areas of temporal cortex. Interaction in this circuitry allows the corollary discharge of intended speech generated from an efference copy of speech commands to be compared against actual speech sounds, which is critical for making adaptive adjustments to optimize future speech. We aimed to determine whether alterations in coherence between frontal and temporal cortices prior to speech production are present in individuals with fragile X and whether they relate to expressive language dysfunction. Twenty-one participants with full-mutation fragile X syndrome (aged 7-55 years, eight females) and 20 healthy controls (matched on age and sex) completed a talk/listen paradigm during high-density EEG recordings. During the talk task, participants repeated pronounced short vocalizations of 'Ah' every 1-2 s for a total of 180 s. During the listen task, participants passively listened to their recordings from the talk task. We compared pre-speech event-related potential activity, N1 suppression to speech sounds, single trial gamma power and fronto-temporal coherence between groups during these tasks and examined their relation to performance during a naturalistic language task. Prior to speech production, fragile X participants showed reduced pre-speech negativity, reduced fronto-temporal connectivity and greater frontal gamma power compared to controls. N1 suppression during self-generated speech did not differ between groups. Reduced pre-speech activity and increased frontal gamma power prior to speech production were related to less intelligible speech as well as broader social communication deficits in fragile X syndrome. Our findings indicate that coordinated pre-speech activity between frontal and temporal cortices is disrupted in individuals with fragile X in a clinically relevant way and represents a mechanism contributing to prominent speech production problems in the disorder.
Thermodynamic Characterization of Triheme Cytochrome PpcA from<i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>:  Evidence for a Role Played in e<sup>-</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>Energy Transduction<sup>,</sup> (2006)

The facultative aerobic bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens produces a small periplasmic c-type triheme cytochrome with 71 residues (PpcA) under anaerobic growth conditions, which is involved in the iron respiration. The thermodynamic properties of the PpcA redox centers and of a protonatable center were determined using NMR and visible spectroscopy techniques. The redox centers have negative and different reduction potentials (-162, -143, and -133 mV for heme I, III, and IV, respectively, for the fully reduced and protonated protein), which are modulated by redox interactions among the hemes (covering a range from 10 to 36 mV) and by redox-Bohr interactions (up to -62 mV) between the hemes and a protonatable center located in the proximity of heme IV. All the interactions between the four centers are dominated by electrostatic effects. The microscopic reduction potential of heme III is the one most affected by the oxidation of the other hemes, whereas heme IV is the most affected by the protonation state of the molecule. The thermodynamic properties of PpcA showed that pH strongly modulates the redox behavior of the individual heme groups. A preferred electron transfer pathway at physiologic pH is defined, showing that PpcA has the necessary thermodynamic properties to perform e-/H+ energy transduction, contributing to a H+ electrochemical potential gradient across the periplasmic membrane that drives ATP synthesis. PpcA is 46% identical in sequence to and shares a high degree of structural similarity with a periplasmic triheme cytochrome c7 isolated from Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, a bacterium closely related to the Geobacteracea family. However, the results obtained for PpcA are quite different from those published for D. acetoxidans c7, and the physiological consequences of these differences are discussed.