gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innovative scheme for high-repetition-rate imaging of CN radical (2018)

We have employed, to the best of our knowledge, a novel excitation scheme to perform the first high-repetition-rate planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of a CN radical in combustion. The third harmonic of a Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub> laser at 355 nm due to its relatively large linewidth overlaps with several R branch transitions in a CN ground electronic state. Therefore, the 355 nm beam was employed to directly excite the CN transitions with good efficiency. The CN measurements were performed in premixed CH<sub>4</sub>-N<sub>2</sub>O flames with varying equivalence ratios. A detailed characterization of the high-speed CN PLIF imaging system is presented via its ability to capture statistical and dynamical information in these premixed flames. Single-shot CN PLIF images obtained over a HMX pellet undergoing self-supported deflagration are presented as an example of the imaging system being applied towards characterizing the flame structure of energetic materials.
Abnormal Expression of Epiligrin and α6β4 Integrin in Basal Cell Carcinoma (1998)

We propose that reduced expression of epiligrin is involved in the pathogenesis of the local invasion by tumor and that an altered integrin ratio in basal cell carcinoma enhances tumor spread.
Some Interesterification Reactions Involving <i>Mucor Miehei</i> Lipase (1991)

An enzyme-catalysed inter-esterification strategy is described which allows the preparation of esters of the chiral secondary alcohols (3) and (9) in states of high optical purity.
Archaeal Mo-Containing Glyceraldehyde Oxidoreductase Isozymes Exhibit Diverse Substrate Specificities through Unique Subunit Assemblies (2016)

Archaea use glycolytic pathways distinct from those found in bacteria and eukaryotes, where unique enzymes catalyze each reaction step. In this study, we isolated three isozymes of glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase (GAOR1, GAOR2 and GAOR3) from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii. GAOR1-3 belong to the xanthine oxidoreductase superfamily, and are composed of a molybdo-pyranopterin subunit (L), a flavin subunit (M), and an iron-sulfur subunit (S), forming an LMS hetero-trimer unit. We found that GAOR1 is a tetramer of the STK17810/STK17830/STK17820 hetero-trimer, GAOR2 is a dimer of the STK23390/STK05620/STK05610 hetero-trimer, and GAOR3 is the STK24840/STK05620/STK05610 hetero-trimer. GAOR1-3 exhibited diverse substrate specificities for their electron donors and acceptors, due to their different L-subunits, and probably participate in the non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway. We determined the crystal structure of GAOR2, as the first three-dimensional structure of an archaeal molybdenum-containing hydroxylase, to obtain structural insights into their substrate specificities and subunit assemblies. The gene arrangement and the crystal structure suggested that the M/S-complex serves as a structural scaffold for the binding of the L-subunit, to construct the three enzymes with different specificities. Collectively, our findings illustrate a novel principle of a prokaryotic multicomponent isozyme system.
Driving Forbidden Transitions in the Fluxonium Artificial Atom (2018)

Superconducting artificial atoms are an emerging platform for the study of coherent quantum physics, and for quantum computation. However, their level-transition properties are currently much simpler than those of true atoms, which limits the quantum systems that can be implemented with this hardware. Here researchers use a nonlinear coupling element to engineer the selection rules of a fluxonium circuit, and thus gain access to previously forbidden transitions. Such a technique allows us to expand the set of quantum operations possible using superconducting circuitry, and is necessary for controlling and measuring physically protected quantum systems.
Multiorgan Crystal Deposition of an Amphoteric Drug in Rats Due to Lysosomal Accumulation and Conversion to a Poorly Soluble Hydrochloride Salt (2020)

Poor solubility of drug candidates mainly affects bioavailability, but poor solubility of drugs and metabolites can also lead to precipitation within tissues, particularly when high doses are tested. RO0728617 is an amphoteric compound bearing basic and acidic moieties that has previously demonstrated good solubility at physiological pH but underwent widespread crystal deposition in multiple tissues in rat toxicity studies. The aim of our investigation was to better characterize these findings and their underlying mechanism(s), and to identify possible screening methods in the drug development process. Main microscopic features observed in rat RO0728617 toxicity studies were extensive infiltrates of crystal-containing macrophages in multiple organs. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed that these crystals contained the orally administered parent compound, and locality was confirmed to be intracytoplasmic and partly intralysosomal by electron microscopic examination. Crystal formation was explained by lysosomal accumulation of the compound followed by precipitation of the hydrochloride salt under physiological conditions in the lysosomes, which have a lower pH and higher chloride concentration in comparison to the cytosol. This study demonstrates that risk of drug precipitation can be assessed by comparing the estimated lysosomal drug concentration at a given dose with the solubility of the compound at lysosomal conditions.
Numerical Analysis of Fractional Distillation Characteristics for Radioactive Metallic Waste Vaporized in the Shape of A tomic Beam (2005)

The fractional distillation characteristics of the materials used for the reactor pressure vessel made of ASTM A302B and the structures in reactor made of SUS304 which are the radioactive metallic waste of Japan Power Demonstration Reactor (JPDR) were analyzed numerically. In the simulation, the vaporization rates of the components of the waste were calculated by using the Langmuir's equation and Henry's law. As the result of simulation, it was calculated that 152Eu, 154Eu, 14C and 94Nb can be reduced to less than clearance level by the fractional distillation. On the ASTM A302B case, it was pointed out that the other radioactive nuclei which are 54Mn, 60Co, 59Ni and 63Ni satisfy clearance level after 77 years cooling down. On the SUS304 case, it was pointed out that 59Ni and 63Ni must be separated to satisfy clearance level using isotope separation.
Prognostic Significance of Lymphocyte Infiltration and a Stromal Immunostaining of a Bladder Cancer Associated Diagnostic Panel in Urothelial Carcinoma (2019)

We set out to expand on our previous work in which we reported the epithelial expression pattern of a urine-based bladder cancer-associated diagnostic panel (A1AT, ANG, APOE, CA9, IL8, MMP9, MMP10, PAI1, SDC1, and VEGFA). Since many of the analytes in the bladder cancer-associated diagnostic signature were chemokines, cytokines, or secreted proteins, we set out to report the stromal staining pattern of the diagnostic signature as well as CD3<sup>+</sup> (T-cell) cell and CD68<sup>+</sup> (macrophage) cell staining in human bladder tumors as a snapshot of the tumor immune landscape. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 213 tumor specimens and 74 benign controls. Images were digitally captured and quantitated using Aperio (Vista, CA). The expression patterns were correlated with tumor grade, tumor stage, and outcome measures. We noted a positive correlation of seven of the 10 proteins (excluding A1AT and IL8 which had a negative association and VEGFA had no association) in bladder cancer. The overexpression of MMP10 was associated with higher grade disease, while overexpression of MMP10, PAI1, SDC1 and ANG were associated with high stage bladder cancer and CA9 was associated with low stage bladder cancer. Increased tumor infiltration of CD68<sup>+</sup> cells were associated with higher stage disease. Overall survival was significantly reduced in bladder cancer patients' whose tumors expressed eight or more of the 10 proteins that comprise the bladder cancer diagnostic panel. These findings confirm that the chemokines, cytokines, and secreted proteins in a urine-based diagnostic panel are atypically expressed, not only in the epithelial component of bladder tumors, but also in the stromal component of bladder tumors and portends a worse overall survival. Thus, when assessing immunohistochemical staining, it is important to report staining patterns within the stroma as well as the entire stroma itself.
Influence of stroke location on heart rate variability in robot-assistive neurorehabilitation (2014)

Active mental engagement and a positive emotional state are prerequisites for optimal outcomes of rehabilitation programs for stroke patients. Our program at the ETH, Zurich utilizes a closed loop response in automated robot-assist gait training coupled with virtual reality provided tasks. Heart rate variability has been shown to be sensitive to cognitive as well as emotional states as well as pathophysiological-environmental challenges. We investigated whether adaptation to a task differs between stroke patients with either cortical or subcortical lesions. Seven non-stroke control participants were compared to responses of nine stroke patients with either a diagnosis of cortical or subcortical stroke using heart rate variability. The robot-assist virtual reality training session consisted of a familiarization period, a baseline walking period, an under-challenged, appropriate challenged and over-challenged condition. Time and frequency domain as well as nonlinear features were assessed. Our results indicated that only entropy was sensitive to identifying adaptation to a different level of difficulty. Thus a significant difference was seen between the three stroke groups and control for adaption from baseline to the under-challenged condition (p=0.026), and also from the under-challenged condition to an appropriate level of challenge (p=0.027). We propose that the entropy feature provides a robust index of cognitive and emotional level associated with task difficulty experienced by post-stroke patients that allows real time closed loop regulation of robot-assist gait rehabilitation.
Comparison between two cord blood collection strategies (2003)

Background and objectives. Collection strategy is the first step for collecting good quality cord blood (CB) units. There are two principal different techniques to collect CB from the umbilical vein: in the delivery room while the placenta is still in the uterus by midwives and obstetricians or in an adjacent room after placental delivery by CB-bank trained personnel. In this study, the benefits and disadvantages between two different CB collection strategies were evaluated in order to improve CB bank methodology. Design and methods. Valencia CB bank maintains the two different collection strategies aforementioned. Before processing CB units, volume was calculated and samples were drawn for cell counts. After processing and before cryopreservation, samples for cell counts, CD34 analysis, viability, clonogenic assays and microbiology were drawn directly from the bags. We compared the efficiency of the two collection techniques. Results. Obstetric date and umbilical CB was obtained from 848 vaginal (484 collected in uterus and 364 collected ex uterus). The proportion of excluded CB units before processing was 33% for ex uterus and 25% for in uterus. The difference was statistically significant. A larger volume and a higher number of total nucleated cells, CD34+ cells and CFUs were harvested in the in uterus collection group. Interpretation and conclusions. Based on our findings, we conclude that the mode of collection influences the hematopoietic content of CB donations. Collection before placental delivery is the best approach to CB collection and allows optimizing CB bank methodology.
Identification of glycoprotein receptors within the human salivary proteome for the lectin‐like BabA and SabA adhesins of <b><i>Helicobacter pylori</i></b> by fluorescence‐based 2‐D bacterial overlay (2009)

Because gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori takes place via the oral route, possible interactions of this bacterium with human salivary proteins could occur. By using modified 1- and 2-D bacterial overlay, binding of H. pylori adhesins BabA and SabA to the whole range of salivary proteins was explored. Bound salivary receptor molecules were identified by MALDI-MS and by comparison to previously established proteome maps of whole and glandular salivas. By use of adhesin-deficient mutants, binding of H. pylori to MUC7 and gp-340 could be linked to the SabA and BabA adhesins, respectively, whereas binding to MUC5B was associated with both adhesins. Binding of H. pylori to the proline-rich glycoprotein was newly detected and assigned to BabA adhesin whereas the SabA adhesin was found to mediate binding to newly detected receptor molecules, including carbonic anhydrase VI, secretory component, heavy chain of secretory IgA1, parotid secretory protein and zinc-alpha(2)-glycoprotein. Some of these salivary glycoproteins are known to act as scavenger molecules or are involved in innate immunity whereas others might come to modify the pathogenetic properties of this organism. In general, this 2-D bacterial overlay technique represents a useful supplement in adhesion studies of bacteria with complex protein mixtures.
Polymer physics and characterization by mechanical measurements (1990)

Abstract The characterization and the study of the physical properties of polymeric materials need the use of many different experimental techniques. Among them, the mechanical behavior can be considered as a probe able to characterize the molecular mobility if suitable theoretical approaches can relate the macroscopic behavior to microscopic events. Many works have been done using two different types of tests: (i) tests involving stress large enough to induce non‐linear behavior (plastic flow…), (ii) mechanical spectrometry technique or microcreep which involve stress lower than 10 5 Pa. An attempt have been done to give a unitary description of the behaviors observed under these two conditions. The case of multiphase polymer materials is obviously more difficult, but because the mechanical properties are mainly sensitive on one hand to the behavior of each phase and on the other hand to their geometrical and topological arrangements, it is possible, from mechanical tests, to obtain information about these both aspects.
Reversible effects of retinoic acid on glycosaminoglycan synthesis during differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells. (1985)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play an important role in cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions, and undergo specific changes during neutrophil development. Previous studies (Luikart, S.D., Maniglia, C. A., and Sartorelli, A. C. Cancer Res., 44: 2907-2912, 1984) have shown that both dimethyl sulfoxide and 4-beta-phorbol-12-beta-myristate-13-alpha-acetate decreased GAG production by a hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase-deficient clone of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells prior to the appearance of a mature myeloid or monocytoid phenotype. To expand these investigations further, GAGs were analyzed by cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography after labeling of parental HL-60 cultures with [35S]sulfate and D-[3H]glucosamine for 6 h, following treatment with 1 microM all-trans retinoic acid (RA). Chondroitin sulfate represented the major GAG species produced, although endo-beta-galactosidase-sensitive undersulfated macromolecules which possibly might be keratan sulfate, were also identified. GAG production decreased over a time period of 144 h in culture. RA treatment reduced the amount of radiolabeled cell-associated GAGs by 50% after 48, 96, and 144 h of exposure. In contrast, commitment to myelocytic maturation of the majority (i.e., approximately 60%) of the cells occurred between 72 and 96 h of RA treatment. Concurrently with the appearance of mature granulocytic cells, two-thirds of the radiolabeled GAGs were recovered from the medium, compared to one-third in untreated cultures, a phenomenon that resulted in an overall alteration in the distribution of GAGs. When RA was removed by washing after either 48 h (i.e., precommitment to differentiation) or 96 h (i.e., postcommitment to differentiation), a 1.5- to 3.5-fold increase in GAG production was noted 48 h later; this increase was unrelated to the medium change or to alterations in cell cycle distribution. The amounts of endo-beta-galactosidase-sensitive macromolecules were unaltered. Thus, although 1 microM RA inhibited the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate by HL-60 leukemia cells, this inhibition was reversible by removal of the drug and appeared to be unrelated to the commitment to myelocytic maturation.
Light-off and Cumulative Emissions in Catalytic Monoliths with Nonuniform Catalyst Loading (2004)

A 1-D two-phase model with nonuniform catalyst loading along the channel length is used to present a detailed analysis of light-off behavior and cumulative emissions in a catalytic monolith in which an exothermic reaction occurs. The influence of important design parameters such as the washcoat thickness, solid conductivity, channel geometry, and catalyst distribution along the channel on the transient time and cumulative emissions is analyzed. An analytical light-off criterion for the case of nonuniform catalyst loading is proposed, with the help of which we can determine the nature of ignition (front-end, middle, or back-end ignition). It is found that, for the wall reaction case, nonuniform catalyst loading with two zones of catalyst with more catalyst at the inlet favors front-end ignition and reduces the transient time as well as the cumulative emissions. Though high solid conduction is better for steady-state designs, better transient and equivalent steady-state performances can be obtained for finite solid conduction by distributing the catalyst appropriately. As can be expected, washcoat diffusion has a profound influence on light-off and defines a critical value of catalyst loading below which front-end light-off does not occur. For catalyst loading exceeding this critical value, there is a maximum value of washcoat thickness (corresponding to a washcoat Thiele modulus of 0.5 at inlet fluid temperature) below which light-off is not influenced by washcoat diffusion. Increasing the washcoat thickness beyond this critical value has no effect on the transient time or cumulative emissions. There is a range of catalyst loading in which uniform distribution leads to the optimal design, while outside this range, the optimal design corresponds to having more catalyst at the front. It is also found that parallel-plate or rectangular channel geometries with high aspect ratios lead to better transient and good steady-state performances. Finally, we show that an optimally designed monolith with proper catalyst distribution, solid conductivity, channel geometry and dimensions, and washcoat can reduce cold-start emissions substantially compared to the standard case.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols on (001) GaAs (2006)

Self-assembled monolayers of several alkanethiol molecules, with varying chain length and terminal groups, were investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chain lengths varied from 10 to 15 methylene units, and the terminal group was either hydrophilic carboxylic acid and hydroxyl or hydrophobic methyl. The alkanethiol molecules were deposited on GaAs surfaces from liquid solutions. The impact of atmospheric exposure was examined by investigating one set of samples stored under atmospheric conditions and a second set that was stored in a nitrogen atmosphere prior to analysis. Carbon, oxygen, gallium, and arsenic core level XPS spectra were obtained on all surfaces. The intensity of the gallium and arsenic core levels indicates a considerable difference in the Ga∕As ratio dependent on the terminal group of the alkanethiol. Additionally, the carbon and oxygen spectra indicate varying chemical bonding on the surface with the alkanethiol’s having a carboxylic acid terminal group showing a more complex carbon and oxygen bonding.
High-Resolution Piezo Inkjet Printhead Fabricated by Three Dimensional Electrical Connection Method using through Glass VIA (2009)

High-resolution piezo inkjet (PIJ) printhead with 1200 nozzles per inch (npi) has been developed. A glass substrate with through holes is bonded to Si substrate with piezo actuators (PAs) placed in matrix array (32 × 16) via polyimide film planarized by grinding method. A thin PA composed of sputter-deposited Pb(Zr, Ti)O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (PZT) film and Si diaphragm contributes to a shrink of PA size and then high dense integration. The through holes are electroplated with Ni, and Ti/Cu interconnect is formed by resist spray coating and wet etching method. The glass substrate also acts as an encapsulation plate to form a cavity space over the PA, which enables a desirable displacement of the PA. The PIJ printhead exhibited a successful ejection of 2pl ink drops by single jetting drive and 8pl ink drops by three multiple jetting drive.
Flash Scanning Volumetric Optoacoustic Tomography for High Resolution Whole‐Body Tracking of Nanoagent Kinetics and Biodistribution (2021)

Abstract Tracking of biodynamics across entire living organisms is essential for understanding complex biology and disease progression. The presently available small‐animal functional and molecular imaging modalities remain constrained by factors including long image acquisition times, low spatial resolution, limited penetration or poor contrast. Here flash scanning volumetric optoacoustic tomography (fSVOT), a new approach for high‐speed imaging of fast kinetics and biodistribution of optical contrast agents in whole mice that simultaneously provides reference images of vascular and organ anatomy with unrivaled fidelity and contrast, is presented. The imaging protocol employs continuous overfly scanning of a spherical matrix array transducer, accomplishing a 200 µm resolution 3D scan of the whole mouse body within 45 s without relying on signal averaging. This corresponds to an imaging speed gain of more than an order of magnitude compared with existing state‐of‐the‐art implementations of comparable resolution performance. Volumetric tracking and quantification of gold nanoagent and near infrared (NIR)‐II dye kinetics and their differential uptake in various organs are demonstrated. fSVOT thus offers unprecedented capabilities for multiscale imaging of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution with high contrast, resolution, and speed.
Contextual Word2Vec Model for Understanding Chinese Out of Vocabularies on Online Social Media (2022)

In this chapter, the authors propose to use contextual Word2Vec model for understanding OOV (out of vocabulary). The OOV is extracted by using left-right entropy and point information entropy. They choose to use Word2Vec to construct the word vector space and CBOW (continuous bag of words) to obtain the contextual information of the words. If there is a word that has similar contextual information to the OOV, the word can be used to understand the OOV. They chose the Weibo corpus as the dataset for the experiments. The results show that the proposed model achieves 97.10% accuracy, which is better than Skip-Gram by 8.53%.
EKV 3.0: an Analog Design-Oriented MOS Transistor Model (2002)

Various underlying factors of motorcyclists' intention to drink and drive were identified under the TPB framework. The findings provide useful information for road safety interventions in Vietnam. In particular, making enforcement activities more visible to motorcyclists and putting more effort into reducing corruption and other illegal activities in the traffic police sector could be effective measures for obtaining desirable drink driving behaviors.