gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal-Dependent Translocation of Simian Virus 40 Large-T Antigen into Rat Liver Nuclei in a Cell-Free System (1987)

An in vitro nuclear translocation system is described in which isolated rat liver nuclei were incubated in a defined buffered medium containing radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled exogenous proteins. The nuclei were rapidly recovered, extracted, and analyzed for the presence of associated radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled proteins. The isolated nuclei exhibited the same specificity for protein uptake as seen previously in vivo, accumulating simian virus 40 wild-type large-T antigen and p53 while excluding a cytoplasmic variant of large-T antigen (d10) and bovine serum albumin. The rapid nuclear accumulation of wild-type large-T antigen was shown to be selective and dependent upon the recognition of a wild-type nuclear location signal, ATP and temperature dependent, and unidirectional. Taken together, the data suggest that in our in vitro system the nuclear translocation of wild-type large-T antigen exhibits some of the characteristics of an active transport process.
Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Methodology and Applications: A Bibliography (1994)

This bibliography lists all published methodological works (statistical methodology, implementation methodology, review papers, descriptions of software) in the area of population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics up to 1993 and all published works describing applications of population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics up to 1992.
Motion Compensation Strategies in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2012)

Image quality in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considerably affected by motion. Therefore, motion is one of the most common sources of artifacts in contemporary cardiovascular MRI. Such artifacts in turn may easily lead to misinterpretations in the images and a subsequent loss in diagnostic quality. Hence, there is considerable research interest in strategies that help to overcome these limitations at minimal cost in time, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio. This review summarizes and discusses the three principal sources of motion: the beating heart, the breathing lungs, and bulk patient movement. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of commonly used compensation strategies for these different types of motion. Finally, a summary and an outlook are provided.
Structural, dielectric, and optical properties of yttrium calcium borate glasses (2009)

Structural and optical properties of stable glasses in the Y2O3–CaO–B2O3 system, containing the same Y/Ca ratio as the YCa4O(BO3)3 (YCOB) crystal, were determined from Raman and reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Changes in optical functions with composition are associated with an increase in the number of non-bridging oxygen and to calcium/yttrium oxides content. Refractive indexes values (from 1.597 to 1.627 at λ=2 μm) are in good agreement with those of the YCOB crystal, an indication that these glasses are potential candidates for optical applications due to their ease of shaping as large bulk samples or fibers.
Transinguinal Laparoscopy for Nonpalpable Testis (1996)

Transinguinal laparoscopy may become the accepted method for managing nonpalpable testes, as inguinal exploration can eliminate the need for laparoscopy in some cases, and the visualization achieved with transinguinal laparoscopy is just as good as that with conventional laparoscopy.
High-resolution three-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization of oxide-nitride-oxide layer interfaces in Si-based semiconductors using computed tomography (2011)

Oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) layer structures are widely used for charge storage in flash memory devices. The ONO layer interfaces should be as flat as possible, so measurement of the nanoscale roughness of those interfaces is needed. In this study, quantification of an ONO film from a commercially available flash memory device was carried out with a pillar-shaped specimen using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and computed tomography. The ONO area contained only low Z- and low STEM-contrast materials, which makes high-quality reconstruction difficult. The optimum three-dimensional reconstruction was achieved with an STEM annular dark-field detector inner collection angle of 32 mrad, a sample tilt range from -78° to +78° and 25 iterations for the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique.
CeO<sub>2−x</sub> quantum dots with massive oxygen vacancies as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (2019)

CeO2-x quantum dots with massive oxygen vacancies are obtained by a one-step single molecular synthesis strategy. The yield of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol is more than 5 times that for commercial CeO2 nanoparticles.
Inheriting from a Daughter Pulse: Coherence Eradication in Soliton Self-Mode Conversion (2020)

We demonstrate how &gt; 100 kW peak power solitons in a multi-mode fiber can experience complete degradation of shot-to-shot coherence due to an ultra-low power noise seed in a different spatial mode.
Asymmetrische [4+3] Cycloadditionen und deren Anwendung zur Synthese des C-Fragmentes von Bryostatin 1 (2001)

[no abstract]
Transactional profiling for multi-tier applications (2007)

This dissertation is concerned with performance debugging of multi-tier applications, such as those commonly found in web services and dynamic-content web sites. A multi-tier application receives an external stimulus ( request), executes the request and returns the response. A transaction begins with a request and ends with the corresponding response. It is executed by a series of different stages of the application. Existing tools and techniques for profiling such applications are not general enough to track and profile transactions in a generic multi-tier application. We propose transactional profiling that provides a general solution to this problem. We provide novel algorithms and techniques to track and profile transactions that flow through shared memory, events, stage queues or via inter-process communication using messages. We also measure interference among concurrent transactions. The thesis of this work is that transactional profiling addresses the limitations of existing profiling techniques for multi-tier applications. 
Transactional profiling works by tracking transaction execution paths in an application. Essentially, it extends the concept of call path profiling to a distributed environment. Additionally, it introduces new methods to track transactions for shared memory communication, and communication through events and stage queues. Transactional profiling is mainly composed of the following: tracking transactions in a multi-tier application, and associating profile data with transactions. Further, transactional profiling captures the interference among concurrent transactions, e.g., transactions waiting to acquire locks. 
The contributions of this thesis are the following. We propose the transactional profiling model for profiling multi-tier applications. We describe the design and implementation of Whodunit, our prototype transactional profiler. Using Apache and MySQL we demonstrate the correctness of our proposed algorithm for tracking transaction flows through shared memory. We demonstrate the use of Whodunit in obtaining the transactional profile of web servers, a web proxy cache, a bookstore application, and a bulletin board application. Whodunit-inspired optimizations increased the peak throughput of the bookstore by almost 3x and the bulletin board by almost 2x. We measured Whodunit's overhead on the performance of these applications and found it to be small---less than 6% in all cases.
Accuracy assessment and characterization of x-ray coded aperture coherent scatter spectral imaging for breast cancer classification (2017)

Although transmission-based x-ray imaging is the most commonly used imaging approach for breast cancer detection, it exhibits false negative rates higher than 15%. To improve cancer detection accuracy, x-ray coherent scatter computed tomography (CSCT) has been explored to potentially detect cancer with greater consistency. However, the 10-min scan duration of CSCT limits its possible clinical applications. The coded aperture coherent scatter spectral imaging (CACSSI) technique has been shown to reduce scan time through enabling single-angle imaging while providing high detection accuracy. Here, we use Monte Carlo simulations to test analytical optimization studies of the CACSSI technique, specifically for detecting cancer in <i>ex vivo</i> breast samples. An anthropomorphic breast tissue phantom was modeled, a CACSSI imaging system was virtually simulated to image the phantom, a diagnostic voxel classification algorithm was applied to all reconstructed voxels in the phantom, and receiver-operator characteristics analysis of the voxel classification was used to evaluate and characterize the imaging system for a range of parameters that have been optimized in a prior analytical study. The results indicate that CACSSI is able to identify the distribution of cancerous and healthy tissues (i.e., fibroglandular, adipose, or a mix of the two) in tissue samples with a cancerous voxel identification area-under-the-curve of 0.94 through a scan lasting less than 10 s per slice. These results show that coded aperture scatter imaging has the potential to provide scatter images that automatically differentiate cancerous and healthy tissue within <i>ex vivo</i> samples. Furthermore, the results indicate potential CACSSI imaging system configurations for implementation in subsequent imaging development studies.
Identification and Characterization of a Rat Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α Receptor (2000)

A macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) receptor has been cloned from rat (Rattus norvegicus) genomic DNA by PCR using oligonucleotides based on the mouse CCR1 DNA sequence and expressed in HEK293 cells to enable its characterization. The receptor was cloned three times in independent experiments to generate a consensus sequence. The rat ccrl receptor amino acid sequence is 92% identical to mouse and 80% identical to human CCR1. A consensus clone was transfected into HEK293 cells using the expression vector pIRES, and stable receptor expressing cell lines were isolated. In competitive receptor binding assays using iodinated human MIP-1alpha, rat ccrl binds hMIP-1alpha, hMIP-1beta, and hMCP-3, but not hRANTES or human interleukin-8 (hIL-8). We have been unable to demonstrate calcium mobilization by rat ccrl in HEK293 cells using human chemokines as ligands. Therefore, we have adopted lowercase nomenclature for the receptor until signaling is observed. This receptor and cell line may be of use in the preclinical development of CCR1 antagonists.
Going under the bridge: unmasking ischaemia and endothelial dysfunction of myocardial bridging: a case report (2023)

Our case highlights the importance of thorough workup of myocardial bridging in symptomatic patients to better understand the underlying physiology and endothelial function after ruling out microvascular disease and consideration of hyperaemic testing if symptoms are suggestive of ischaemia.
Empowering Engineered Muscle Function by Extending Connexin 43 Duration with Reduced Graphene Oxides (2021)

ABSTRACT Engineered skeletal muscle act as therapeutics invaluable to treat injured or diseased muscle and a “living” material essential to assemble biological machinery. For normal development, skeletal myoblasts should express connexin 43, one of the gap junction proteins that promote myoblast fusion and myogenesis, during the early differentiation stage. However, myoblasts cultured in vitro often down-regulate connexin 43 before differentiation, limiting myogenesis and muscle contraction. This study demonstrates that tethering myoblasts with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) slows connexin 43 regression during early differentiation and increases myogenic mRNA synthesis. The whole RNA sequencing also confirms that the rGO on cells increases regulator genes for myogenesis, including troponin, while decreasing negative regulator genes. The resulting myotubes generated a three-fold larger contraction force than the rGO-free myotubes. Accordingly, a valveless biohybrid pump assembled with the rGO-tethered muscle increased the fluid velocity and flow rate considerably. The results of this study would provide an important foundation for developing physiologically relevant muscle and powering up biomachines that will be used for various bioscience studies and unexplored applications.
Influence of the state of polysilicon/silicon dioxide interface on MOS properties (1982)

We suggest that a thin ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lsim 100</tex> Å) resistive sublayer of polysilicon near the oxide interface can have a pronounced effect on the MOS capacitance-voltage characteristics. On the depletion side of the C-V curve the lower effective work-function difference leads to a higher threshold for strong inversion. On the accumulation side the MOS capacitance is lowered due to the added thickness of the depletion sublayer. With the help of the sublayer model we attempt to explain the anomalous behavior often observed in MOS capacitors with silicide/polysilicon gates. The sublayer depletion activates traps due to the heavy impurities (Cu, Fe, and Ta) at the interface, considerable amount of which were observed in these samples by Auger spectroscopy.
Thorectidiol A Isolated from the Marine Sponge <i>Dactylospongia elegans</i> Disrupts Interactions of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain with the Host ACE2 Receptor (2023)

Thorectidiols isolated from the marine sponge <i>Dactylospongia elegans</i> (family Thorectidae, order Dictyoceratida) collected in Papua New Guinea are a family of symmetrical and unsymmetrical dimeric biphenyl meroterpenoid stereoisomers presumed to be products of oxidative phenol coupling of a co-occurring racemic monomer, thorectidol (<b>3</b>). One member of the family, thorectidiol A (<b>1</b>), has been isolated in its natural form, and its structure has been elucidated by analysis of NMR, MS, and ECD data. Acetylation of the sponge extract facilitated isolation of additional thorectidiol diacetate stereoisomers and the isolation of the racemic monomer thorectidol acetate (<b>6</b>). Racemic thorectidiol A (<b>1</b>) showed selective inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) interaction with the host ACE2 receptor with an IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.0 ± 0.7 μM.
9-(4-Dialkylaminostyryl)-acridines - a new class of acidochromic dyes (1994)

A series of new acidochromic 9-(4-dialkylaminostyryl)-acridines (1) were synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, m.p., mass and 1H-NMR-spectra. The colour change in the presence of perchloric acid and the pKa was investigated. Their photosensitizing ability was tested by oxygen consumption measurements.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient (2017)

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a frequently overlooked neuromodulation modality that has been successfully used for a variety of clinical indications over the last several decades. It has a special role in the management of chronic pain, as it is specifically suited for focused treatment of various neuropathic pain conditions, in a targeted and selective fashion. In regard to its role in the rehabilitation process, PNS has tremendous value in the management of pain in the extremities, trunk (including low back), neck, head, and the face. The recent rapid acceleration in technological advancements is expected to increase the visibility and widespread acceptance of PNS as a valid and valuable alternative in the management of many medically intractable conditions.
Modelling and characterisation of flat-band roll-off behaviours in LaO&lt;SUB align="right"&gt;x capped high-K/metal-gate NMOSFET with 28 nm CMOS technology (2014)

In this paper, we model and characterise the lanthanum oxide (LaOx) capping layer induced flat-band voltage (VFB) roll-off behaviours in a high-K/metal-gate n-MOSFET prepared with a foundry's state of the art 28 nm CMOS technology. As the interface layer EOT down to 1 nm, the VFB rolling-off caused by the 10 cycles (~5 Å) and 20 cycles (~10 Å) ALD LaOx capping layers are high, up to ~282-mV and 550-mV, respectively. The significant VFB rolling-off behaviours were investigated by the measurements of gate C/V, gate I/V and VFB vs. EOT. The phenomena were modelled and explained comprehensively with a schematic diagram.
In-Plane Aromaticity in Cycloparaphenylene Dications: A Magnetic Circular Dichroism and Theoretical Study (2014)

The electronic structures of [8]cycloparaphenylene dication ([8]CPP(2+)) and radical cation ([8]CPP(•+)) have been investigated by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy, which enabled unambiguous discrimination between previously conflicting assignments of the UV-vis-NIR absorption spectral bands. Molecular orbital and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) analysis revealed that [8]CPP(2+) shows in-plane aromaticity with a (4n + 2) π-electron system (n = 7). This aromaticity appears to be the origin of the unusual stability of the dication. Theoretical calculations further suggested that not only [8]CPP(2+) but also all [n]CPP (n = 5-10) dications and dianions exhibit in-plane aromaticity.
Some Key Experimental Features of a Modular Synthesis of Heparin‐Like Oligosaccharides (2003)

Abstract The key features of a modular n +2 strategy for a completely stereoselective synthesis of oligosaccharides containing the GlcN−IdoA repeating unit of the major sequence of heparin are presented and discussed in detail. These key features include the regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of disaccharide building blocks and the reactivity of building blocks in the modular assembly process. The synthetic strategy, the effectiveness of which has previously been demonstrated by the total synthesis of four hexasaccharides and two octasaccharides, allows the size and the charge distribution of the target oligosaccharide fragments to be controlled. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003
Endoscopic Ultrasound and Related Technologies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Disease - Research Gaps and Opportunities: Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop (2017)

A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to address the research gaps and opportunities in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The event occurred on July 26, 2017 in 4 sessions: (1) benign pancreatic diseases, (2) high-risk pancreatic diseases, (3) diagnostic and therapeutics, and (4) new technologies. The current state of knowledge was reviewed, with identification of numerous gaps in knowledge and research needs. Common themes included the need for large multicenter consortia of various pancreatic diseases to facilitate meaningful research of these entities; to standardize EUS features of different pancreatic disorders, the technique of sampling pancreatic lesions, and the performance of various therapeutic EUS procedures; and to identify high-risk disease early at the cellular level before macroscopic disease develops. The need for specialized tools and accessories to enable the safe and effective performance of therapeutic EUS procedures also was discussed.
Analysis of shopping behavior based on surveillance system (2010)

Closed Circuit Television systems in shopping malls could be used to monitor the shopping behavior of people. From the tracked path, features can be extracted such as the relation with the shopping area, the orientation of the head, speed of walking and direction, pauses which are supposed to be related to the interest of the shopper. Once the interest has been detected the next step is to assess the shopper's positive or negative appreciation to the focused products by analyzing the (non-verbal) behavior of the shopper. Ultimately the system goal is to assess the opportunities for selling, by detecting if a customer needs support. In this paper we present our methodology towards developing such a system consisting of participating observation, designing shopping behavioral models, assessing the associated features and analyzing the underlying technology. In order to validate our observations we made recordings in our shop lab. Next we describe the used tracking technology and the results from experiments.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Hydrophobic Metallacycles into Ordered Nanostructures (2014)

We describe herein the hierarchical self-assembly of discrete supramolecular metallacycles into ordered fibers or spherical particles through multiple noncovalent interactions. A new series of well-defined metallacycles decorated with long alkyl chains were obtained through metal-ligand interactions, which were capable of aggregating into ordered fibroid or spherical nanostructures on the surface, mostly driven by hydrophobic interactions. In-depth studies indicated that the morphology diversity was originated from the structural information encoded in the metallacycles, including the number of alkyl chains and their spatial orientation. Interestingly, the morphology of the metallacycle aggregates could be tuned by changing the solvent polarity. These findings are of special significance since they provide a simple yet highly controllable approach to prepare ordered and tunable nanostructures from small building blocks by means of hierarchical self-assembly.
Poly-gate sidewall oxidation induced submicrometer MOSFET degradation (1989)

The effect of poly-gate sidewall oxidation on short-channel MOSFET behavior is examined. The gain, threshold voltage, and apparent electrical channel length are shown to be very sensitive to the location of the n/sup -/ junction edge with respect to the poly-gate edge for a lightly-doped-drain NMOS transistor. New guidelines for the design of submicrometer MOSFETs based on an analysis of the sidewall oxidation of the polysilicon after gate definition are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular biomarkers for future screening of lung cancer (2013)

The Landmark National Lung Screening Trial established the potential for low dose CT screening (LDCT) to reduce lung cancer-specific mortality in high-risk patients as defined by smoking history and age. However, the prevalence of lung cancer in asymptomatic smokers selected based on the NLST criteria is low. Recent advances have facilitated biomarker discovery for early diagnosis of lung cancer through the analysis of surrogate tissues, including airway epithelium, sputum, exhaled breath, and blood. Although a number of candidate diagnostic biomarkers have been described, none have been validated for use in the clinical setting. The NLST ACRIN biomarker repository is a valuable resource of annotated biological specimens that were collected during the NLST trial, which has the potential to facilitate validation of candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis identified in discovery trials. It will be important to perform retrospective and prospective analysis of biomarkers to screen for lung cancer. The review below summarizes some of our understanding of biomarkers in screening.