gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular Mechanisms of Aneurysm Occlusion after Treatment with a Flow Diverter (2013)

Purpose To characterize the progression of healing across aneurysm necks following treatment with a flow diverter in a rabbit aneurysm model. Materials and Methods With institutional animal care and use committee approval, saccular aneurysms were created in 20 rabbits and treated with flow diverters. On days 1, 3, and 7 and weeks 4 and 8 after implantation, the aneurysm and the device-implanted vessel were harvested. En face staining of the gross specimen was performed for endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells. Results The parent artery segments covered by the flow diverters were completely devoid of endothelial cells at 1 and 3 days but had completely reendothelialized by 7 days. At all time points, the struts along the patent portions of the aneurysm necks harbored scattered tissue islands composed exclusively of inflammatory cells. At 4 and 8 weeks, all samples contiguous with the tissue along the parent arteries had translucent tissue present along the occluded segments of the aneurysm neck. The vast majority of endothelial cells were contiguous with the parent artery and had smooth muscle cells underlying them. Endothelial progenitor cells were not observed along the neck of any aneurysm. Aneurysm closure was noted only when complete or nearly complete endothelialization over the device struts was present. Conclusion The initial event following flow diversion treatment is adherence of clusters of inflammatory cells across the aneurysm neck. Endothelialization is relatively delayed and derived exclusively from cells in the adjacent parent artery. © RSNA, 2013
Collecting and Storing Hybridoma Tissue Culture Supernatants (2020)

For most immunochemical methods, tissue culture supernatants will be the most useful source of monoclonal antibodies. The supernatants are not contaminated with high levels of other antibodies, and the concentration is high enough for most assays if used undiluted. This protocol describes the procedure of collecting tissue culture supernatants. When collecting supernatants for antibodies, allow the individual cultures to grow until the hybridomas die. This will allow collection of higher-titer supernatants. In general, antibodies are resistant to the proteases that are released from dying cells, so allowing the cells to die should not affect the quality of the antibodies. If extraneous IgG molecules will alter any of the assays for which the supernatants are being prepared, use medium with fetal bovine serum or use serum-free medium. The yield of this method is ∼20-50 µg of antibody/mL of supernatant. The most common problem encountered in storage of tissue culture supernatants after collection is contamination with bacteria or fungi. This can be prevented by the addition of sodium azide as described.
Synthesis of New Tricyclic Phosphines and Phosphinites by Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reactions of Trivalent Phospholes. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reversal of Diabetes in NOD Mice by Clinical-Grade Proinsulin and IL-10–Secreting<i>Lactococcus lactis</i>in Combination With Low-Dose Anti-CD3 Depends on the Induction of Foxp3-Positive T Cells (2016)

The introduction of β-cell autoantigens via the gut through Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) has been demonstrated to be a promising approach for diabetes reversal in NOD mice. Here we show that a combination therapy of low-dose anti-CD3 with a clinical-grade self-containing L. lactis, appropriate for human application, secreting human proinsulin and interleukin-10, cured 66% of mice with new-onset diabetes, which is comparable to therapy results with plasmid-driven L. lactis Initial blood glucose concentrations (<350 mg/dL) and insulin autoantibody positivity were predictors of the stable reversal of hyperglycemia, and decline in insulin autoantibody positivity was an immune biomarker of therapeutic outcome. The assessment of the immune changes induced by the L. lactis-based therapy revealed elevated frequencies of CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T cells in the pancreas-draining lymph nodes, pancreas, and peripheral blood of all treated mice, independent of metabolic outcome. Neutralization of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and transforming growth factor-β partially abrogated the suppressive function of therapy-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs). Ablation or functional impairment of Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Tregs in vivo at the start or stop of therapy impaired immune tolerance, highlighting the dependence of the therapy-induced tolerance in mice with new-onset diabetes on the presence and functionality of CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T cells. Biomarkers identified in this study can potentially be used in the future to tailor the L. lactis-based combination therapy for individual patients.
Temperature-sensitive mutations for live-attenuated Rift Valley fever vaccines: implications from other RNA viruses (2015)

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease endemic to the African continent. RVF is characterized by high rate of abortions in ruminants and hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or blindness in humans. RVF is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae). Vaccination is the only known effective strategy to prevent the disease, but there are no licensed RVF vaccines available for humans. A live-attenuated vaccine candidate derived from the wild-type pathogenic Egyptian ZH548 strain, MP-12, has been conditionally licensed for veterinary use in the U.S. MP-12 displays a temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype and does not replicate at 41°C. The ts mutation limits viral replication at a specific body temperature and may lead to an attenuation of the virus. Here we will review well-characterized ts mutations for RNA viruses, and further discuss the potential in designing novel live-attenuated vaccines for RVF.
Singaporean preschool children learning science through play (2014)

This paper was presented at the International Science Education Conference 2014 held in Singapore from 25 – 27 Nov 2014
Correlated Disorder in van der Waals Heterostructures (2016)

The individual building blocks of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures host fascinating physical phenomena, ranging from ballistic electron transport in graphene to striking optical properties of MoSe2 sheets. The presence of bonded and non-bonded cohesive interactions in a vdW heterostructure, promotes diversity in their structural arrangements, which in turn profoundly modulate the properties of their individual constituents. Here, we report on the presence of correlated structural disorder coexisting with the nearly perfect crystallographic order along the growth direction of epitaxial vdW heterostructures of Bi2Se3/graphene/SiC. Using the depth penetration of X-ray diffraction microscopy and scattering, we probed their crystal structure from atomic to mesoscopic length scales, to reveal that their structural diversity is underpinned by spatially correlated disorder states. The presence of the latter induces on a system, widely considered to behave as a collection of nearly independent 2-dimensional units, a pseudo-3-dimensional character, when subjected to epitaxial constraints and ordered substrate interactions. These findings shed new light on the nature of the vast structural landscape of vdW heterostructures and could enable new avenues in modulating their unique properties by correlated disorder.
(In,Mn)As multilayer quantum dot structures (2014)

(In,Mn)As multilayer quantum dots structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy using a Mn selective doping of the central parts of quantum dots. The study of the structural and magneto-optical properties of the samples with three and five layers of (In,Mn)As quantum dots has shown that during the quantum dots assembly, the out-diffusion of Mn from the layers with (In,Mn)As quantum dots can occur resulting in the formation of the extended defects. To produce a high quality structures using the elaborated technique of selective doping, the number of (In,Mn)As quantum dot layers should not exceed three.
&lt;title&gt;Surface texture measurement by combining signals from two sensing elements of a piezoelectric tactile sensor&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

In this paper we report on the design and testing of a prototype surface texture tactile sensor. The sensor can measure both compliance and surface roughness. The design of the sensor is based on the psychophysiological perception of surface texture by the human hand. The sensor essentially consists of a rigid cylinder surrounded by a compliant cylinder. The deformation of the compliant object from rigid to compliant cylinder is used for measuring the compliance of the contact object and variation of the compliant cylinder over a surface profile with reference to the rigid cylinder is used to measurement surface roughness. Two 25 micrometers thick polyvinylidene films are used as a transducer in the tactile sensor system. The sensor in miniaturized form can be used in a laparoscopic grasper for minimally invasive surgery. The theoretical analysis is made and compared with experimental values. The advantages and limitations of the sensor are also discussed.
INLINE STUDY OF LOW-MODE ASYMMETRY INDUCED BY POLARIZED CROSS-BEAM ENERGY TRANSFER INTERACTION IN LASER-DIRECT-DRIVE SPHERICAL IMPLOSIONS ON OMEGA. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Graphene field emission devices (2014)

Graphene field emission devices are fabricated using a scalable process. The field enhancement factors, determined from the Fowler-Nordheim plots, are within few hundreds and match the theoretical predictions. The devices show high emission current density of ∼10 nA μm−1 at modest voltages of tens of volts. The emission is stable with time and repeatable over long term, whereas the noise in the emission current is comparable to that from individual carbon nanotubes emitting under similar conditions. We demonstrate a power law dependence of emission current on pressure which can be utilized for sensing. The excellent characteristics and relative ease of making the devices promise their great potential for sensing and electronic applications.
Structurally Diverse Diterpenes from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum (2023)

The present investigation of the South China Sea soft coral <i>Sarcophyton trocheliophorum</i> resulted in the discovery of six new polyoxygenated diterpenes, namely sartrocheliols A-E (<b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>5</b>-<b>8</b>) along with four known ones, <b>2</b>, <b>4</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>10</b>. Based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, sartrocheliol A (<b>1</b>) was identified as an uncommon capnosane diterpene, while sartrocheliols B-E (<b>3</b>, <b>5</b>-<b>8</b>) were established as cembrane diterpenes. They displayed diverse structural features not only at the distinctly different carbon frameworks but also at the various types of heterocycles, including the epoxide, γ-lactone, furan, and pyran rings. Moreover, their absolute configurations were determined by a combination of quantum mechanical-nuclear magnetic resonance (QM-NMR) approach, modified Mosher's method, and X-ray diffraction analysis. In the anti-tumor bioassay, compound <b>4</b> exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against A549, H1975, MDA-MB-231, and H1299 cells with the IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 26.3 to 47.9 μM.
The risk of nail changes with taxane chemotherapy: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis (2015)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: S.W. has a speaking arrangement with Novartis, Bayer‐Onyx, Pfizer and Medivation, Inc. M.E.L. has a speaking, consultant or advisory role with Advancell, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Augmentium, Aveo, Bayer, Berg Pharma, Biopharm Communications, Boehringer Ingelheim, Brickell Biotech, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Clinical Assistance Programs, Clinical Care Options, EMD Serono, Envision Communications, Foamix, Galderma, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Helsinn, Institute for Medical Education and Research, Lindi Skin, Medscape, Medtrend International, Merck, NeRRe Therapeutics, Novartis, Novocure, Oncology Specialty Group, OSI Pharmaceuticals, Physicians Education Resource, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Reata Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi Aventis and Threshold Pharmaceuticals. Dear Editor, Taxanes are an established and powerful class of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents that exhibit a wide spectrum of activity against solid tumours including breast, ovarian, lung, head and neck, stomach, pancreatic and prostate cancers.1,2,3 This antitubulin/antimitotic class of drugs includes paclitaxel, docetaxel and the newer nanoparticle albumin‐bound (nab)‐paclitaxel.4 The range of dermatological adverse events (AEs) is broad and includes nail changes such as hyperpigmentation, discolouration, splinter haemorrhages, subungual haematomas and Beau lines.5 Periungual erythema, oedema, exudation and granulation tissue are other nail‐related AEs that could potentially result in partial/total onycholysis and subungual abscesses, and represent the more common and often dose‐limiting changes.6
Epithelial cell extrusion requires the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 pathway (2011)

To maintain an intact barrier, epithelia eliminate dying cells by extrusion. During extrusion, a cell destined for apoptosis signals its neighboring cells to form and contract a ring of actin and myosin, which squeezes the dying cell out of the epithelium. Here, we demonstrate that the signal produced by dying cells to initiate this process is sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Decreasing S1P synthesis by inhibiting sphingosine kinase activity or by blocking extracellular S1P access to its receptor prevented apoptotic cell extrusion. Extracellular S1P activates extrusion by binding the S1P(2) receptor in the cells neighboring a dying cell, as S1P(2) knockdown in these cells or its loss in a zebrafish mutant disrupted cell extrusion. Because live cells can also be extruded, we predict that this S1P pathway may also be important for driving delamination of stem cells during differentiation or invasion of cancer cells.
TRPV4 mediates afferent pathways in the urinary bladder. A spinal c-fos study showing TRPV1 related adaptations in the TRPV4 knockout mouse (2016)

The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4) channels in urinary bladder afferent neural pathways was investigated using spinal c-fos measurements in mice. Anesthetized wild type and TRPV4 knockout (-/-) mice underwent noxious bladder distention and treatment with either intravesical instillation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or the TRPV1 agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX), vehicle or an intraperitoneal injected TRPV4 antagonist (HC067047). Mice underwent paraformaldehyde perfusion for rapid fixation and L6-S1 spinal cord sections were removed followed by immunohistochemical staining for c-fos. A number of c-fos expressing neurons in the dorsal horns of L6-S1 spinal cord transections were quantified. Groups were compared using univariate ANOVA. Even with the absence of bladder inflammation on H&E, the TRPV4 -/- mice still have a significant twofold higher c-fos expression (n = 39, SD 2) after noxious bladder distention compared to wild type mice (n = 20, SD 3). A twofold increase in c-fos expression was observed after LPS treatment in wild types (n = 42, SD 5), but no increase was seen in TRPV4 -/- mice (n = 42, SD 2). After desensitization of primary afferent C-nerve fibers with RTX, c-fos expression in TRPV4-/- mice decreased significantly (threefold) (n = 12, SD 4). Results imply that TRPV4 channels are important for bladder afferent signaling. TRPV4 -/- mice bladders generate more noxious sensory output, which is predominantly mediated through TRPV1 expressing high threshold nerve fibers. This study reveals TRPV1 related adaptive changes in afferent pathways of the TRPV4 -/- mouse. We propose that this effect is caused by a congenital impairment of low threshold nerves that mediate normal bladder filling sensations.
Controlling flow and avoiding congestion in broadband networks (1991)

The basic design principles of flow control in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are examined. Network-level, call-level and cell-level flow control are covered. Dynamic bandwidth management and scheduling policies are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of varicose veins and venous leg ulcers – a new non-invasive procedure and a potentially disruptive technology (2019)

Before 1998, in the UK varicose veins were usually treated by open surgery under general anaesthetic. The principles of the open operation were to ligate the incompetent junction or junctions of wh...
Protective effect of rebamipide (OPC-12759) on the gastric mucosa in rats and humans. (1991)

The protective effect of rebamipide against 0.15 N HCl solution containing 40% ethanol (HCl-ethanol)-induced mucosal lesion in the stomach was evaluated in rats and humans. In rat experiments: (1) rebamipide prevented development of mucosal damage induced by HCl-ethanol in a dose-dependent manner when tested at 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, i.p., and the prevention at 30-300 mg/kg was significant (P less than 0.05); (2) rebamipide significantly (P less than 0.05) increased mucosal blood flow by continuous i.v. dosing at 10 mg/kg/hr by the hydrogen gas clearance method; (3) rebamipide at 10 mg/kg, i.v., also significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited reduction in gastric mucosal blood volume and tended to suppress oxygen saturation of hemoglobin following hemorrhagic shock by organ reflectance spectrophotometry. A double-blind crossover study was conducted to compare the gastric protective effect of rebamipide with an inactive placebo using 6 healthy male volunteers. Rebamipide was administered to them at a clinical dose of 300 mg/day orally for 7 days, and then HCl-ethanol was given once to induce mucosal damage. Rebamipide significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited formation of mucosal lesion, decrease in the number of mucous granules and dilatation of intercellular space. These clinical findings indicate that rebamipide was protective against HCl-ethanol-induced gastric lesion at a clinical dose, and the mechanism of this gastric effect was considered to involve, in part, the improvement of mucosal microcirculation.
Dynamics of genomic and immune responses during primary immunotherapy resistance in mismatch repair–deficient tumors (2020)

Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) cancers generate a substantial number of immunogenic neoantigens, rendering them sensitive to immunotherapy. Yet, there is considerable variability in responses, and roughly one-half of dMMR cancers are refractory to immunotherapy. Here we study a patient with dMMR lung cancer refractory to immunotherapy. The tumor exhibited typical dMMR molecular features, including exceptionally high frameshift insertions and deletions (indels). Despite the treatment inducing abundant intratumoral T-cell infiltrates, it failed to elicit tumor regression, pointing to the T cells lacking cytotoxic activity. A post-treatment tumor demonstrated compound heterozygous frameshift deletions located upstream of the kinase domain in the gene encoding JAK1 protein, down-regulation of JAK1 and mediators of its signal transduction, and total loss of JAK1 phosphorylation. Importantly, one of the <i>JAK1</i> mutations, despite not being detected in the pretreatment tumor, was found at low variant allele frequency in the pretreatment circulating tumor DNA, suggesting clonal selection of the mutation. To our knowledge, this report provides the most detailed look yet at defective JAK1 signaling in the context of dMMR and immunotherapy resistance. Together with observations of JAK1 frameshift indels being enriched in dMMR compared with MMR-proficient tumors, our findings demonstrate the critical function of JAK1 in immunological surveillance of dMMR cancer.
A data-flow approach to multitasking on CRAY X-MP computers (1985)

article Free Access Share on A data-flow approach to multitasking on CRAY X-MP computers Author: Steve Reinhardt Cray Research, Inc. Cray Research, Inc.View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 19Issue 5Dec. 1-4, 1985 pp 107–114https://doi.org/10.1145/323627.323639Online:01 December 1985Publication History 4citation274DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads274Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mechanism of β <sub>2</sub> AR regulation by an intracellular positive allosteric modulator (2019)

Positive reinforcement in a GPCR Many drug discovery efforts focus on G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), a class of receptors that regulate many physiological processes. An exemplar is the β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR), which is targeted by both blockers and agonists to treat cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Most GPCR drugs target the primary (orthosteric) ligand binding site, but binding at allosteric sites can modulate activation. Because such allosteric sites are less conserved, they could possibly be targeted more specifically. Liu et al. report the crystal structure of β 2 AR bound to both an orthosteric agonist and a positive allosteric modulator that increases receptor activity. The structure suggests why the modulator compound is selective for β 2 AR over the closely related β 1 AR. Furthermore, the structure reveals that the modulator acts by enhancing orthosteric agonist binding and stabilizing the active conformation of the receptor. Science , this issue p. 1283
Deflation AMG Solvers for Highly Ill-Conditioned Reservoir Simulation Problems (2007)

Abstract In recent years, deflation methods have received increasingly particular attention as a means to improving the convergence of linear iterative solvers. This is due to the fact that deflation operators provide a way to remove the negative effect that extreme (usually small) eigenvalues have on the convergence of Krylov iterative methods for solving general symmetric and non-symmetric systems. In this work, we use deflation methods to extend the capabilities of algebraic multigrid (AMG) for handling highly non-symmetric and indefinite problems, such as those arising in fully implicit formulations of multiphase flow in porous media. The idea is to ensure that components of the solution that remain unresolved by AMG (due to the coupling of roughness and indefiniteness introduced by different block coefficients) are removed from the problem. This translates to a constraint to the AMG iteration matrix spectrum within the unit circle to achieve convergence. This approach interweaves AMG (V, W or V-W) cycles with deflation steps that are computable either from the underlying Krylov basis produced by the GMRES accelerator (Krylov-based deflation) or from the reservoir decomposition given by high property contrasts (domain-based deflation). This work represents an efficient extension to the Generalized Global Basis (GGB) method that was recently proposed for the solution of the elastic wave equation with geometric multigrid and an out-of-core computation of eigenvalues. Hence, the present approach offers the possibility of applying AMG to more general large-scale reservoir settings without further modifications to the AMG implementation or algebraic manipulation of the linear system (as suggested by two-stage preconditioning methods). Promising results are supported by a suite of numerical experiments with extreme permeability contrasts.