gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observations of near-zero linewidth enhancement factor in a quantum-well coupled quantum-dot laser (2003)

Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) measurements of a quantum-well coupled quantum-dot (QW–QD) laser are investigated in our experimental study. Fabry–Perot ASE spectrum taken below threshold of this device allows the extraction of gain, index of refraction change, and linewidth enhancement factor. Our experimental study includes continuous wave and pulsed measurements. The QW–QD laser consists of an auxiliary QW which assists in carrier collection while tunneling of carriers takes place from the well to the dot region. Our experimental analysis reveals a low linewidth enhancement factor of 0.15 over a flat spectrum for these GaAs–InGaAs–InAs QW–QD lasers.
A novel anti-CD40 antibody prevents activation of alloreactive T cells and prolongs skin allograft survival (2016)

Abstract Targeting the CD40-CD154 pathway to induce transplantation tolerance has been of interest to transplantation immunologists for over two decades. The efficacy of anti-CD154 antibody (Ab) observed in murine and non-human primate models for preventing allograft rejection and suppressing autoimmunity, generated great interest in the development of this antibody for clinical use. However, clinical trials with anti-CD154 Ab resulted in thromboembolic complications in patients as a result of CD154 expression by human platelets and limited the clinical application. To develop an alternative approach to anti-CD154 Ab, recent efforts have focused on targeting its receptor, CD40. In this study we evaluated the effects of a novel murine antagonistic antibody to CD40 (BI CD40-1) on alloreactive immune responses. Costimulation blockade consisting of donor splenocytes (DST) and BI CD40-1 reduced activation of alloreactive CD8 T cells as shown by inhibition of expansion, decreased cytokine production and decreased killing of allogeneic targets using an in vivo cytotoxicity assay. Moreover DST/BI CD40-1 treatment significantly prolonged skin graft survival in a BALB/c to B6 MHC mismatch model. The efficacy of BI CD40-1 in preventing alloreactive T cell responses was similar to anti-CD154 Ab. These results indicate that anti-CD40 Ab is an attractive candidate for translation to clinical application.
Modelling of Microstructure Evolution in Wire-Based Laser Direct Energy Deposition with Ti-6Al-4V (2022)

Over the past years, wire-based direct energy deposition (DED) has been transitioning from rapid prototyping to the production of end-use part and mass production. However, a wide market penetration of the DED has not happened yet. The difficulties for wide-scale market adoption to critical structural components are related to the development cost for process optimization and for manufacturing of high-quality parts. For metallic components, the process conditions (e.g., power, speed, tool path) control the material and mechanical properties/performance of the printed part. The thermal history strongly determines the phase fraction, morphology, growth pattern, size of microstructure, and nature of defects. Thus, in this study, we: 1) developed a thermal simulation using finite element method, 2) experimentally measured thermal histories from a U-shaped part with four tool paths of horizontal, vertical, raster, and contour to calibrate and validate the thermal model, and 3) investigated the effect of thermal history on microstructure evolution and quantified the microstructural variation during the printing process.
CHLOROPHYLL PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN CONDENSED MEDIA—II. TRIPLET STATE QUENCHING AND ELECTRON TRANSFER TO QUINONE IN LIPOSOMES* (1980)

Abstract— The fate of excitation energy and electron transfer to quinones within Chl‐ a ‐containing phosphatidyl choline liposomes has been investigated. The bilayer membrane of the liposome stabilizes the Chl triplet state, as evidenced by a three‐fold increase in the lifetime over that observed in ethanol solution. The relative triplet yield follows the relative fluorescence yield, indicative of quenching at the singlet level. Triplet state lifetimes are markedly shortened as the Chl concentration is increased, demonstrating that quenching occurs at the triplet level as well. This process is shown to be due to a collisional de‐excitation. In the presence of quinones, the Chl triplet reduces the quinone resulting in production of long‐lived electron transfer products. The percent conversion of Chl triplet to cation radical when benzoquinone is employed as acceptor is approximately 60 ± 10%, which is slightly less than in ethanol solution (70 ± 10%). The lifetime of the radical, however, can be as much as 1900 times longer. With respect to potentially useful photochemical energy conversion, the magnitude of this increased lifetime is far more significant than is the decreased radical yield.
Association of serum cotinine level with a cluster of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes (CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4) on chromosome 15 (2009)

A cluster of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes on chromosome 15 (CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4) has been shown to be associated with nicotine dependence and smoking quantity. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the variation at this locus regulates nicotine intake among smokers by using the level of a metabolite of nicotine, cotinine, as an outcome. The number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and immune-reactive serum cotinine level were determined in 516 daily smokers (age 30–75 years, 303 males) from the population-based Health2000 study. Association of 21 SNPs from a 100 kb region of chromosome 15 with cotinine and CPD was examined. SNP rs1051730 showed the strongest association to both measures. However, this SNP accounted for nearly a five-fold larger proportion of variance in cotinine levels than in CPD (R 2 4.3% versus 0.9%). The effect size of the SNP was 0.30 for cotinine level, whereas it was 0.13 for CPD. Variation at CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 cluster influences nicotine level, measured as cotinine, more strongly than smoking quantity, measured by CPD, and appears thus to be involved in regulation of nicotine levels among smokers.
XCES: An XML-based Encoding Standard for Linguistic Corpora (2000)

The Corpus Encoding Standard (CES) is a part of the EAGLES Guidelines developed by the Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards (EAGLES) that provides a set of encoding standards for corpus-based work in natural language processing applications. We have instantiated the CES as an XML application called XCES, based on the same data architecture comprised of a primary encoded text and &amp;quot;standoff&amp;quot; annotation in separate documents. Conversion to XML enables use of some of the more powerful mechanisms provided in the XML framework, including the XSLT Transformation Language, XML Schemas, and support for interrescue reference together with an extensive path syntax for pointers. In this paper, we describe the differences between the CES and XCES DTDs and demonstrate how XML mechanisms can be used to select from and manipulate annotated corpora encoded according to XCES specifications. We also provide a general overview of XML and the XML mechanisms that are most relevant to lang...
SU‐E‐J‐03: Impact of Gated and Conventional 4DCT Acquisition On Imaging Artifacts in a Digital Phantom (2013)

Purpose: A new 4D computed tomography (4DCT) acquisition method based on displacement gating was simulated using a deformable digital cardiac‐torso phantom. Imaging artifacts, delivered dose and acquisition time were compared with conventional image acquisition for lung radiation oncology. Methods: Gated image acquisition was simulated with a computerized time resolved cardiac‐torso (modified XCAT) phantom synchronized to patient tumor motion data. The gating threshold is based on the mean peak‐to‐peak displacement in the superior‐inferior (SI) direction during free breathing. The conventional 4DCT was simulated to mimic typical clinical acquisition parameters, where the imager frequency and couch idle time are determined from the patient breathing trace and Result in slight data oversampling. The quality of gated and conventional images was compared based on anatomical similarity with the known phantom geometry. Scan time and imaging dose were also compared, the latter of which is corresponds to the number of acquired images. Results: The gated approach reduced the amount of imaging artifacts by up to 20% (including duplication, overlapping and incomplete structure) and allowed for better anatomical shape preservation. However, the total acquisition session time using gating increased by 17% compared to the conventional scan. With gating, shorter beam‐on time reduced the dose delivered to the patient by 25% (200 fewer images were acquired with gating). Conclusion: Gated 4DCT acquisition can improve image quality, which is beneficial for the highly conformal image guided radiation therapy planning. Furthermore, gated method lowers imaging dose on a cost of a longer imaging session. Further work will investigate different modes to compute gating tolerances to be tested on more challenging patient cases (e.g. including baseline shift).
P3‐418: Inhibition of TNF‐alpha protein synthesis restores neuronal function and reverses cognitive deficits induced by chronic neuroinflammation (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory loss, due, in part, to impairment in synaptic plasticity preceding the neurodegenerative changes. The early memory loss associated with AD is coincident with increased neuroinflammation in brain regions involved in learning and memory. Neuroinflammation is reliably detected by the presence of activated microglia and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Given the role of TNF-alpha on the early progression of AD there is a compelling rationale to investigate new therapeutic approaches that selectively target TNF-alpha. The main goal of our study was to investigate the effect of a novel blood-brain barrier permeable TNF-alpha protein synthesis inhibitor, 3,6'-dithiothalidomide (DT), on neuronal dysfunctions induced by chronic neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation can be induced by slow chronic infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the fourth ventricle of the rat. LPS-induced neuroinflammation results in microglia activation and over expression of TNF-alpha and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the hippocampus, impaired hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions and altered expression of the plasticity-related immediate early gene Arc (activity regulated cytoskeletal protein) essential for memory formation. LPS or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was infused into the 4th ventricle for 28 days via an osmotic minipump (0.25 μg/h). Starting on day 29 LPS and aCSF-infused animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of DT (56mg/kg) or vehicle for 14 days. Novel object, novel place recognition and Morris water maze testing were used to assess hippocampal dependent and independent cognitive functions. All animals were euthanized 30 min after the water maze probe trial. Treatment of animals with DT returned hippocampal TNF-alpha to control levels and rescued LPS-induced hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairments. Changes in hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions were associated with a normalization of the fraction of pyramidal and granular neurons expressing the plasticity-related Arc protein in the hippocampus. Inhibition of TNF-alpha synthesis reversed cognitive deficits induced by chronic neuroinflammation and restored neuronal functioning. Our study indicates that TNF-alpha is a critical mediator of the effects of neuroinflammation in cognitive dysfunctions; therefore, targeted inhibition of TNF-alpha synthesis may provide a novel therapeutic approach to modify the disease progression during the early stages of AD.
ChemInform Abstract: Borane Transition Metal Cluster Chemistry: Hydroboration of the Unsaturated Cluster (μ‐H)2Os3(CO)10 (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Shape changes in patterned planar InAs as a function of thickness and temperature (2010)

Quantum dots have the potential to produce devices with enhanced properties. However, many quantum dot devices require the quantum dots to have a precise size and a precise location for optimum operation. So far approaches such as directed assembly and self assembly have failed due to the random effects resulting during nucleation of the quantum dots. InAs grown under metal rich conditions can remain planar as opposed to forming the self assembled quantum dot morphology. Recently we have demonstrated that planar InAs when patterned via tip-based scribing and then annealed under an As pressure typical for self-assembled quantum dot growth reorganizes and assumes a 3D morphology. We have been studying this process as a potential method to precisely locate quantum dots with definable sizes. In this work we report change in the morphology for different thickness of planar InAs for various pattern dimensions and annealing temperatures. We have analyzed the composition of the films after annealing to determine the effect induced in the films from patterning resulting from scribing. Using this approach, arrays of 3D InAs mounds have been formed with mounds having base dimensions of 800, 500, and 350&Aring;. These results demonstrate that the smaller patterns are less stable and coarsening becomes more dominant.
Hydrogen Production from Fossil Fuels with High Temperature Ion Conducting Ceramics (2004)

Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical-energy resource in the world, but unlike oil and natural gas it is an energy carrier not an energy source. There are no hydrogen wells available in the world. Further, we do not have a hydrogen infrastructure. The longest pipeline in the world is only 950 miles long.
A Stable Nanocobalt Catalyst with Highly Dispersed CoN<sub><i>x</i></sub> Active Sites for the Selective Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid (2017)

Novel nanostructured catalysts with highly dispersed cobalt have been synthesized by the pyrolysis of metal phenanthroline complexes. Materials with significantly different properties were obtained by simply tuning the metal/ligand ratio. The catalytic potential of this class of compounds is shown by the first example of the dehydrogenation of formic acid under the catalysis of atomically dispersed cobalt. From TEM, XPS, and XRD characterization, KSCN poisoning, and acid leaching, the formation of CoN<sub>x</sub> species as the active site seems key to the success of this reaction. Excellent stability and recyclability make this new catalyst also attractive for other applications.
PI3K/Akt signaling requires spatial compartmentalization in plasma membrane microdomains (2011)

Spatial compartmentalization of signaling pathway components generally defines the specificity and enhances the efficiency of signal transduction. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is known to be compartmentalized within plasma membrane microdomains; however, the underlying mechanisms and functional impact of this compartmentalization are not well understood. Here, we show that phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 is activated in membrane rafts in response to growth factors, whereas the negative regulator of the pathway, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), is primarily localized in nonraft regions. Alteration of this compartmentalization, either by genetic targeting or ceramide-induced recruitment of PTEN to rafts, abolishes the activity of the entire pathway. These findings reveal critical steps in raft-mediated PI3K/Akt activation and demonstrate the essential role of membrane microdomain compartmentalization in enabling PI3K/Akt signaling. They further suggest that dysregulation of this compartmentalization may underlie pathological complications such as insulin resistance.
Video synthesis of arbitrary views for approximately planar scenes (2003)

In this paper, we propose a method to synthesize arbitrary views of a planar scene, given a monocular video sequence. The method is based on the availability of knowledge of the angle between the original and synthesized views. Such a method has many important applications, one of them being gait recognition. Gait recognition algorithms rely on the availability of an approximate side-view of the person. From a realistic viewpoint, such an assumption is impractical in surveillance applications and it is of interest to develop methods to synthesize a side view of the person, given an arbitrary view. For large distances from the camera, a planar approximation for the individual can be assumed. In this paper, we propose a perspective projection approach for recovering the direction of motion of the person purely from the video data, followed by synthesis of a new video sequence at a different angle. The algorithm works purely in the image and video domain, though 3D structure plays an implicit role in its theoretical justification. Examples of synthesized views using our method and performance evaluation are presented.
[Laboratory management fee in national health insurance; what is required from clinical laboratory physicians? --message from Chairpersons]. (2013)

The laboratory management fee (LMF) in national health insurance ("Kentai-Kensa-Kanri-Kasan" in Japanese) has had a major impact on Japanese clinical laboratories, especially in recent years. In 2012, the fee was raised to approximately 5,000 yen per admitted patient. In order to address this national support, clinical pathologists are required to increase their knowledge and skills. On the other hand, there are insufficient clinical pathologists in Japan. In order to solve this problem, the Japanese Society of Laboratory Medicine (JSLM) approved a new license for Qualified Clinical Laboratory Managing Physicians (CLMPs), in addition to Certified Clinical Laboratory Physicians (CCLPs). The requirements to become a CLMP are less strict than for CCLP. There are approximately 500 CLMPs and 600 CCLPs in this country. The aim of this symposium was to offer opportunities to increase attendees' clinical skills, especially CLMPs and young clinical pathologists. Four CCLPs were chosen as speakers from a university hospital, a major city hospital, a medium-sized acute care hospital, and a university hospital anatomical pathologist, together with a chief medical technologist from a university hospital. All the speakers presented their ideal role models of clinical pathologists matching LMF requirements. JSLM together with the Japanese Association of Clinical Laboratory Physicians (JACLaP) sponsored this symposium. It was a successful meeting with more than two hundred attendees.
Model Tests for Floatover Installation of Spar Topsides (2010)

There are several substantial advantages to installing an integrated deck on a Spar using floatover installation, particularly for large topsides which exceed the single lift capacity of the available heavy lift derrick barge fleet. These advantages include schedule and cost savings for the integration and commissioning of modules on land rather than at sea. Uncoupling the deck fabrication schedules from the availability of heavy lift vessels is another advantage. The purpose of the model tests described in this paper was to generate data on motions and loads for the operational sea states in the Gulf of Mexico, and to define and validate different approaches of transferring the topsides to the Spar, using a catamaran configuration. The data are intended to (1) demonstrate the feasibility of the installation method for the GOM, and (2) validate Technip’s analysis tools. The model tests were performed at OTRC (Texas A&amp;M) with a model set-up corresponding to a 1:60 model scale. The simulated topsides was about 18,000Te, and Jones Act compliant barges were modeled for the catamaran configuration. The paper will describe the catamaran and spar models, and the instrumentation to measure motions and loads for transportation and installation. It will also describe the shock cell configuration used for the mating operation, and several alternative methods for performing the mating. The environmental conditions tested included several random sea states, harmonic waves, and three headings (beam, head, and quartering seas). Selected data will be shown to demonstrate the range of motions and loads associated with the floatover installation in the GOM. Estimates of limiting sea states for the GOM will be discussed. The validation of the analysis tools is the subject of another paper in Ref [1].
A data structure for circular string analysis and visualization (1993)

A csdawg for circular strings, which is obtained by making simple modifications to the compact symmetric directed acyclic word graph (csdawg) for linear strings, is proposed. This data structure does not contain extraneous vertices and, consequently, avoids the disadvantages of previous methods. Using this method, algorithms which make use of the csdawg for linear strings can then be extended to circular strings with trivial modifications. The extended algorithms continue to have the same time and space complexities. Moreover, the extensions take the form of postprocessing or preprocessing steps which are simple to add on to a system built for linear strings, particularly in an object-oriented language.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dose-Adjusted EPOCH Chemotherapy (CT) in Previously Untreated HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HIV-NHL): Preliminary Report of Efficacy, Immune Reconstitution, and HIV Control Following Therapy. (1999)

Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Gasping for a Diagnosis (2019)

A 42-year-old man presented with progressive nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, and unintentional weight loss. He reported no fevers, chills, night sweats, hemoptysis, or wheezing.
Rogue waves: a unique approach to multidisciplinary physics (2016)

Rogue waves are giant waves appearing erratically and unexpectedly on the ocean surfaces. Their existence, considered as mythical in the ancient times, has recently been recognised by the scientific community and, since then, rogue waves have become the object of numerous theoretical and experimental studies. Their relevance is not restricted to oceanography, but it extends in a wide spectrum of physical contexts. General models and mathematical tools have been developed on a interdisciplinary ground and many experiments have been specifically conceived for the observation of rogue waves in a variety of different physical systems. Rogue wave phenomena are, nowadays, studied, for instance, in hydrodynamics, optics, plasmas, complex media, Bose–Einstein condensation and acoustics. We can, therefore, consider rogue waves as a paradigmatic description, able to account for the manifestation of extreme events in multidisciplinary physics. In this review, we present the main physical concepts and mathematical tools for the description of rogue waves. We will refer mostly to examples from water waves and optics, the two domains having in common the non-linear Schrödinger equation from which prototype rogue wave solutions can be derived. We will highlight the most common features of the rogue wave phenomena, as the large deviations from the Gaussian statistics of the amplitude, the existence of many uncorrelated ‘grains’ of activity and their clustering in inhomogeneous spatial domains via large-scale symmetry breaking.