gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Fracture Complexity, Reservoir Properties, and Fracture-Treatment Design (2010)

Summary In many reservoirs, fracture growth may be complex because of the interaction of the hydraulic fracture with natural fractures, fissures, and other geologic heterogeneities. The decision whether to control or exploit fracture complexity has significant impact on fracture design and well performance. This paper investigates fracture-treatment-design issues as they relate to various degrees and types of fracture complexity (i.e., complex planar fractures and network fracture behavior), focusing on fracture-conductivity requirements for complex fractures. The paper includes general guidelines for treatment design when fracture growth is complex, including criteria for the application of water-fracs, hybrid fracs, and crosslinked fluids. The effect of proppant distribution on gas-well performance is examined for cases when fracture growth is complex, assuming that proppant was either concentrated in a primary planar fracture or evenly distributed in a fracture network. Examples are presented that show that when fracture growth is complex, the average proppant concentration will likely be too low to materially impact well performance if proppant is evenly distributed in the fracture network and unpropped-fracture conductivity will control gas production. Reservoir simulations illustrate that the network-fracture conductivity required to maximize production is proportional to the square root of fracture spacing, indicating that increasing fracture complexity will reduce conductivity requirements. The reservoir simulations show that fracture-conductivity requirements are proportional k1/2 for small networks and k1/4 for large networks, indicating much higher conductivity requirements for low-permeability reservoirs than would be predicted using classical dimensionless conductivity calculations (FCD) where conductivity requirements are proportionate to reservoir permeability (k). The results show that when fracture growth is complex, proppant distribution will have a significant impact on network-conductivity requirement and well performance. If an infinite-conductivity primary fracture can be created, network-fracture-conductivity requirements are reduced by a factor of 10 to 100, depending on the size of the network. The decision to exploit or control fracture complexity depends on reservoir permeability, the degree of fracture complexity, and unpropped-fracture conductivity. It can be beneficial to exploit fracture complexity when the permeability is on the order of 0.0001 md by generating large fracture networks using low-viscosity fluids (water fracs). As reservoir permeability approaches 0.01 md, fluid efficiency decreases, and fracture-conductivity requirements increase, fracture designs can be tailored to generate small networks with improved conductivity using medium-viscosity or multiple fluids (hybrid fracs). Fracture complexity should be controlled using high-viscosity fluids, and fracture conductivity should be optimized for moderate-permeability reservoirs, on the order of 1 md.
Impact of Dietary Fat on Human Health (2020)

In this chapter, the author reviews the salient facts concerning dietary fat and its effects on human health. He provides an overview, since the details of each of the major categories of disease with which dietary fats have been associated will be given by others. The studies of Gage and Fish, which graphically showed the passage of dietary fat through the lymph and blood to the depot fat, set the stage for the next half-century of studies on the metabolism of dietary fat and its effects on human health. Fat fulfills multiple functions in the human body, acting as the major metabolic fuel to meet caloric needs, as the major structural component of the cell wall, and as an essential precursor of several hormones critical to normal existence. The majority of dietary fat is triglycerides, which pass through the stomach unaltered by its acid pH and the gastric proteases.
The Role of RUNX2 in Osteosarcoma Oncogenesis (2010)

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive but ill-understood cancer of bone that predominantly affects adolescents. Its rarity and biological heterogeneity have limited studies of its molecular basis. In recent years, an important role has emerged for the RUNX2 "platform protein" in osteosarcoma oncogenesis. RUNX proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors that regulate the expression of multiple genes involved in cellular differentiation and cell-cycle progression. RUNX2 is genetically essential for developing bone and osteoblast maturation. Studies of osteosarcoma tumours have revealed that the RUNX2 DNA copy number together with RNA and protein levels are highly elevated in osteosarcoma tumors. The protein is also important for metastatic bone disease of prostate and breast cancers, while RUNX2 may have both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles in bone morphogenesis. This paper provides a synopsis of the current understanding of the functions of RUNX2 and its potential role in osteosarcoma and suggests directions for future study.
Adaptive Type-2 Fuzzy Control Scheme for Robust Teleoperation under Time-Varying Delay and Uncertainties (2019)

This study investigates the stability and performance issues in teleoperation systems due to latency and uncertainties. Interaction with the remote environment introduces unknown forces to the slave system that requires a robust control method for a stable operation. On the other side, network delays dramatically threatens the stability of the teleoperation process. Moreover, uncertainty sources such as human operator and system parameters further decreases the efficiency of the teleoperation task. Therefore, this paper proposes a type-2 fuzzy based adaptive control methodology to deal with the uncertainty concerns in teleoperation systems. First, the considered teleoperation system is expressed by type-2 fuzzy rules. Then, applying Lyapunov-Krasovskii analysis method, an adaptive algorithm is developed for updating the control parameters to guarantee the system performance and stability. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive type-2 fuzzy control methodology is experimentally evaluated on a haptic teleoperation setup.
Thrombin Generation and the Pathogenesis of Cancer (2006)

Advanced cancer is associated with a hypercoagulable state that is triggered by tissue factor (TF). TF-initiated thrombin generation is crucial for metastasis through fibrin and platelet deposition, as well as thrombin-dependent protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 signaling. Surprisingly, PAR2, which is not cleaved by thrombin, appears to cosignal with PAR1 to elicit thrombin effects in metastatic tumor cells. In contrast to TF-driven thrombin pathways in metastasis, direct TF signaling plays a role in angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth. In TF cytoplasmic-domain-deleted mice, PAR2-dependent angiogenesis and tumor growth is enhanced, demonstrating a role for host cell TF signaling. In tumor cells, TF-factor VIIa (FVIIa) activates PAR2 and thereby regulates proangiogenic growth factor expression as well as integrins involving crosstalk with the TF cytoplasmic domain. In addition to thrombin-PAR signaling in metastasis and TF-FVIIa-PAR2 signaling in tumor growth, it is likely that additional protease pathways will prove to be crucial activators of PARs in cancer. Transmembrane serine proteases as well as matrix metalloproteinase are prime candidates for accessory pathways to regulate metastasis, tumor expansion, and angiogenesis dependent on specific features of the local tumor microenvironment.
Data from NKTR-214, an Engineered Cytokine with Biased IL2 Receptor Binding, Increased Tumor Exposure, and Marked Efficacy in Mouse Tumor Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Aldesleukin, recombinant human IL2, is an effective immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma and renal cancer, with durable responses in approximately 10% of patients; however, severe side effects limit maximal dosing and thus the number of patients able to receive treatment and potential cure. NKTR-214 is a prodrug of conjugated IL2, retaining the same amino acid sequence as aldesleukin. The IL2 core is conjugated to 6 releasable polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, the PEG chains slowly release to generate active IL2 conjugates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We evaluated the bioactivity and receptor binding of NKTR-214 and its active IL2 conjugates &lt;i&gt;in vitro;&lt;/i&gt; the tumor immunology, tumor pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of NKTR-214 as a single agent and in combination with anti–CTLA-4 antibody in murine tumor models. Tolerability was evaluated in non-human primates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In a murine melanoma tumor model, the ratio of tumor-killing CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells to Foxp3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; regulatory T cells was greater than 400 for NKTR-214 compared with 18 for aldesleukin, supporting preferential activation of the IL2 receptor beta over IL2 receptor alpha, due to the location of PEG molecules. NKTR-214 provides a 500-fold greater exposure of the tumor to conjugated IL2 compared with aldesleukin. NKTR-214 showed efficacy as a single agent and provided durable immunity that was resistant to tumor rechallenge in combination with anti–CTLA-4 antibody. NKTR-214 was well tolerated in non-human primates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These data support further evaluation of NKTR-214 in humans for a variety of tumor types, adding to the repertoire of potent and potentially curative cancer immunotherapies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 680–90. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Endoparasite and nutritional status of Suffolk lambs in seven production systems (2017)

Lambs are the most susceptible category for parasite infections; therefore, the choice of the production system can influence nutritional status and reduce parasite infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the endoparasites and nutritional status of meat lambs in seven production systems. In the feedlot, they were (S1) early weaned lambs in feedlot and (S2) unweaned lambs in feedlot with controlled suckling. On pasture, they were (S3) early weaned lambs on pasture without supplementation, (S4) early weaned lambs on pasture with concentrate supplementation post-weaning, (S5) unweaned and unsupplemented lambs on pasture, (S6) unweaned lambs on pasture with concentrate supplementation and creep-feeding and (S7) unweaned lambs on pasture with free access to creep-grazing on white clover (Trifolium repens). Suffolk lambs (n = 132) were evaluated from 45 to 101 days of age, at 14-day intervals (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days). Parasite faecal egg count (FEC), FAMACHA score (FMC), average daily weight-gain and body condition score (BCS) were evaluated. The animals were treated with anthelmintics when they had FMC 3, 4 or 5 and/or FEC above 700. BCS and FEC (r = –0.361) and BCS and FMC variables (r = –0.313) were negatively correlated (P = 0.01). FEC was lower in feedlot and in creep-feeding animals than in the other systems after the second evaluation (28 days). The weaned feedlot-lamb and controlled-suckling systems presented the best performance. On pasture, the animals in creep-feeding and creep-grazing had the best performance. Weaned and unsupplemented lambs on pasture had the lowest daily weight-gain (63 g/day) and the highest FMC scores (43% of animals) and the lowest BCS (mean 1.5). The endoparasite and nutritional statuses of the lambs were strongly correlated and were influenced by the production system, mainly when the ewes were present and the lambs received supplementation on pasture.
Spontaneous emission of rare-earth ions confined in planar multilayer dielectric microcavities (1997)

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the optical properties of planar Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> multilayer structures implanted with rare earth ions such as erbium and praseodymium. We demonstrate that the spontaneous emission can be strongly enhanced in a direction normal to the layers if the luminescent ions are located in the spacer of a resonant Fabry-Perot type microcavity. Nevertheless, we show that a large amount of light is emitted into the guided modes of the planar stack reducing the optical confinement which is likely to be reached within this type of dielectric microcavities.
Infrared-Induced Domain Change of Columnar Liquid Crystal by FEL: Toward a New Technology for Liquid Crystal Domain Control (2002)

It was found that the vibrational excitation of columnar liquid crystalline compounds leads to the change of liquid crystalline alignment for a columnar mesophase. This is a quite new phenomenon for the alignment change of liquid crystals. The studies on conventional rod-like liquid crystals implied that this is good for highly ordered thus highly viscous liquid crystals for the alignment control. The infrared laser systems which are wavelength-tunable may make it possible to develop a new method for a micro/nano-fabrication technology for organic functional devices including materials with highly ordered mesophase.
Wulf-Bragg-Ewald formalism in high-efficiency Bragg holography (1986)

The Wulf-Bragg-Ewald (WBE) formalism, generalized by using the grating vector uncertainty principle, is applied to analyze high-efficiency Bragg holographic structures. In particular, the previous approaches 1,2 are extended in two directions. The first is related to the high diffraction efficiency regime (where only the first Born approximation has been considered previously). This case has broad applications related to phase materials such as dichromated gelatin or photopolymers. The second generalization applies when more than one (two or three) hologram dimensions are limited, for example, in LiNbO 3 and BaTiO 3 crystals used for holographic storage. It is shown in this paper that the methods based on WBE formalism can give precise predictions on hologram angular/wave-length selectivity, spectral dispersion, and multi-beam Bragg acceptance, even in the case of highly efficient ferroelectric crystal holograms where Kogelnik’s theory does not hold.
Preliminary evaluation of prostate-targeted radiotherapy using 131I-MIP-1095 in combination with radiosensitising chemotherapeutic drugs (2016)

These results indicate that targeted radiotherapy of prostate cancer may be optimised by combining its administration with chemotherapy.
A new generation DSP-OCXO using crystal temperature sensor (2012)

This paper reports on a development and tests of the DSP-OCXO (Digital Signal Processing-Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator) using AT cut crystal high accuracy temperature sensor which consisting of two thermal equivalent crystals. For the applications of the small size base stations, the DSP-OCXO which has following features: 14 × 9 mm small size, 0.6 W maximum at +25°C low power consumption and +/-20 ppb maximum /-40 to +85°C high frequency stability vs. temperature has been developed.
NOISE AND RF BANDWIDTH MEASUREMENTS OF A 1.2 THz HEB HETERODYNE RECEIVER (1997)

Receiver noise and RF coupling bandwidth have been measured for a quasioptically coupled diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer at a local oscillator frequency of 1267 GHz and an intermediate frequency of 1.4 GHz. A lowest receiver equivalent noise temperature of 1880 K double-sideband was measured, with an upper limit for the mixer noise temperature of 950 K double-sideband. The amount of absorbed local oscillator power in the bolometer device was approximately 6 nW. The effective instantaneous RF bandwidth measured with a Fourier transform spectrometer was 730 GHz.
A parametric method for preliminary determination of underwater vehicles deadweight (2012)

A parametric method for preliminary determination of underwater vehicles deadweightThis paper describes a method useful for determination of load carrying capacity of underwater vehicle, elaborated on the basis of investigations of series of vehicles of systematically changed geometrical dimensions. By using the set of the series of vehicles their structural mass and displacement - at a given structural material and assumed maximum permissible submersion depth - were determined, and next - approximation formulae for deadweight of vehicles were obtained. Vehicle's form may be consisted of one or a few cylindrical floats of circular cross-section, ended with caps. The floats are joined together with a space pipe frame. Acceptability of design solutions results from comparison of working stress values in float's shell plating with permissible stresses as well as critical stresses. The presented method may be useful in the preliminary stage of designing the underwater vehicles - i.e. may serve for preliminary determination of a vehicle deadweight - at its given, or determined, geometrical dimensions, maximum permissible submersion depth, as well as a selected structural material.
LAI Estimation from HS-Data using Group Division Method (2009)

With recent population growth and global warming, stable food supply is an urgent requirement on a global scale. To cope with this demand, effective use of remote sensing data attracts attention. Among all, Leaf Area Index (LAI) extracted from remotely sensed data may contribute to the increase of yield and adjustment of quantity of manure, if we can automatically estimate the LAI over a wide area to grasp a yield of paddy. Therefore the purpose of this study is to estimate the LAI through remote sensing. In this paper, “Group division method” is proposed to decide a set of bands to be used for the LAI estimation, because the information obtained by a hyper spectrum sensor is enormous. This technique is to decide an index by comparing the order of ground truth data with that of the index based on spectral data. An effective index to estimate LAI is made by reflectances in 545nm, 1170nm and 1290nm using the data from the rice field of Sakata City, Yamagata Pref. as training data. Furthermore, we applied the index to the data set obtained in Furukawa, Miyagi Pref. to verify the effectiveness of the method. Finally we show a “LAI estimate map” and examine whether this study can contribute to estimate the LAI distribution over the wide area.
MMSE interference suppression for timing acquisition and demodulation in direct-sequence CDMA systems (1998)

It has been shown that minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) demodulators are effective means of interference suppression in code division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. The MMSE demodulator can be implemented adaptively using an initial training sequence, followed by decision-directed adaptation. This requires that the symbol-level timing of the desired user be known prior to training. We remove this requirement by providing a method for timing acquisition in which the output of the acquisition process is a near-far-resistant demodulator which automatically accounts for the delays and amplitudes of both the desired signal and the interference without explicitly estimating these parameters. The only requirements are a training sequence for the desired user and a finite uncertainty regarding the symbol timing. The latter condition can be realized by using a periodic training sequence even if the absolute timing uncertainty is arbitrarily large.
Vasculogenic Potential of Porcine Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (2008)

The natural healing process cannot restore form and function to critical size bone defects without the presence of a graft to support and guide tissue regeneration [1]. Critical size bone defects in humans are typically on the order of centimeters or larger [2]. Thus, a major limitation of synthetic grafts or bone tissue engineering constructs is the lack of vascularization to support cell viability after placement in vivo [3]. Cells that participate in bone regeneration, must reside within 150–200 microns of a blood supply in order to gain proper nutrients and to eliminate waste [4]. Consequently, a tissue engineering construct of a clinically relevant size cannot rely on diffusion for transport of nutrients and waste. Previous research has shown that blood vessels can infiltrate scaffolds, but the overall process is too slow to prevent death of cells located in the center of a construct [5].
Fumonisin B1-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Requires Jasmonate-, Ethylene-, and Salicylate-Dependent Signaling Pathways (2000)

Tsuneaki Asai, Julie M. Stone, Jacqueline E. Heard, Yelena Kovtun, Peter Yorgey, Jen Sheen, Frederick M. Ausubel, Fumonisin B1-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Requires Jasmonate-, Ethylene-, and Salicylate-Dependent Signaling Pathways, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 10 (Oct., 2000), pp. 1823-1835
Transom stern modeling and validation through ventilation transition speeds (2013)

Transom sterns are a common feature on modern ships and boats. At typical cruising speed the flow cleanly separates, ventilates fully, so that the stern is dry. The proper design of a ship requires predictions over the entire speed range, even at lower speeds where the waves downstream collapse and create a partially wet transom. This study combines physical model tank testing, a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes solver, and a medium fidelity potential flow solver, AEGIR, to predict the total resistance of slender, semi-displacement ship.A new method is offered to correct the potential flow solution through the ventilation transition speeds. The use of both high-fidelity RANS and medium-fidelity potential flow solvers are required for practical rapid prototyping of new concepts of for optimal design. The results for the new, corrected potential flow predictions agree well with experiments.
Large cell anaplastic medulloblastoma metastatic to the scalp: tumor and derived stem-like cells features (2014)

The present report describes a very rare case of subcutaneous metastatic MBL. The tumour, metastases and SLC have been clinically, pathologically and molecularly characterized. Our case is an example of multidisciplinary approach aiming to characterize MBL aggressive behaviour.
Parameter Estimation of Biological Pathways Using Data Assimilation and Model Checking (2011)

Abstract. This paper presents a novel method to estimate kinetic parameter of biological pathways by using observed time-series data and other knowledge that cannot be formulated in the form of time-series data. Our method utilizes data assimilation (DA) framework and model checking (MC) technique, with a quantitative modeling and simulation architecture named hybrid functional Petri net with extension (HFPNe). Proposed method is applied to an HFPNe model underlying circadian rhythm in mouse. We first translate 23 rules of biological knowledge with temporal logic for the model checking, which are not described in the time-series data. Next, we employ particle filter often applied to DA for our estimation procedure. Each particle checks whether its simulation result satisfies the rules or not, and the result of the checking is used for its resampling step. Our simulation results show that proposed method is faster and more accurate than previous method.
Propagation Characteristics of IEEE 802.15.4 Radio Signal and Their Application for Location Estimation (2005)

IEEE standard 802.15.4 defines the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers for low-cost and very low-power short-range wireless communications. One of the promising applications offered by the standard is wireless sensor networks. To begin with, this paper shows the propagation characteristics of the IEEE 802.15.4 radio signal in indoor environments such as "power decay factor" due to near/far effect and "fading distribution." Then, the paper presents a wireless sensor network system for location estimation which utilizes only received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and discusses the location estimation performance.