gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disorders of Vesicles of Lysosomal Lineage: The Hermansky- Pudlak Syndromes (2002)

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) has evolved into a group of genetically distinct disorders characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a storage pool deficiency, and impaired formation or trafficking of intracellular vesicles. HPS-1 results from mutations in the HPS1 gene and affects approximately 400 individuals in northwest Puerto Rico due to a 16-bp duplication in exon 15. Another 13 mutations have been reported in non-Puerto Ricans. HPS1 codes for a 79.3 kDa cytoplasmic protein of unknown function. HPS-1 patients typically develop fatal pulmonary fibrosis in their fourth decade. HPS-2 is caused by mutations in ADTB3A, which codes for the beta3A subunit of the adaptor protein-3 complex, AP3. This coat protein complex has been localized to the TGN as well as to a peripheral endosomal compartment. Evidence indicates that AP3 plays a role in the stepwise process of vesicular trafficking which leads to formation of the melanosomal, platelet dense body and lysosomal compartments. All three known HPS-2 patients had childhood neutropenia and infections. HPS-3 results from mutations in HPS3 and affects central Puerto Ricans homozygous for a 3904-bp deletion removing exon 1. At least 8 non-Puerto Rican patients have other HPS3 mutations, including an IVS5+1G->A splicing mutation in five Ashkenazi Jewish patients. HPS3 codes for a 113.7 kDa protein of unknown function. HPS-3 manifests with mild hypopigmentation and bleeding. All types of HPS are diagnosed by whole mount electron microscopic demonstration of absent platelet dense bodies, and molecular diagnoses are available for the Puerto Rican HPS1 and HPS3 founder mutations. Mouse and Drosophila models provide candidates for new genes causing HPS in humans. These genes will reveal the pathways by which specialized vesicles of lysosomal lineage arise within cells.
Mechanism of Fusion Triggering by Human Parainfluenza Virus Type III (2011)

Parainfluenza viruses enter host cells by fusing the viral and target cell membranes via concerted action of their two envelope glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and the fusion protein (F). Receptor-bound HN triggers F to undergo conformational changes that render it fusion-competent. To address the role of receptor engagement and to elucidate how HN and F interact during the fusion process, we used bimolecular fluorescence complementation to follow the dynamics of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) HN/F pairs in living cells. We show that HN and F associate before receptor engagement. HN drives the formation of HN-F clusters at the site of fusion, and alterations in HN-F interaction determine the fusogenicity of the glycoprotein pair. An interactive site, at the HN dimer interface modulates HN fusion activation property, which is critical for infection of the natural host. This first evidence for the sequence of initial events that lead to viral entry may indicate a new paradigm for understanding Paramyxovirus infection.
Impact of Multi-Vendor Transponders Performance on Design Margin in Optical Networks (2021)

For reliable and efficient network planning and operation, accurate estimation of Quality of Transmission (QoT) is necessary. In optical networks, a physical layer model (PLM) is typically used as a QoT estimation tool (Qtool) including a design margin to account for modeling and parameter inaccuracies, to ensure acceptable performance. Such margin also covers the performance variations of the transponders (TPs) which are relatively low in a single vendor environment. However, for disaggregated networks that utilize TPs from multiple vendors, such as partial disaggregated networks with open line system (OLS), this traditional approach limits the Qtool estimation accuracy. Although higher TP performance variations can be covered with an additional margin, this approach would reduce the efficiency and consume the benefits of disaggregation. Therefore, we propose PLM extensions that capture the performance variations of multi- vendor TPs. In particular, we propose four TP vendor dependent performance factors and we also devise a Machine Learning (ML) scheme to learn these performance factors in offline and online network planning scenarios. The proposed extended PLM and ML training scheme are evaluated through realistic simulations. Results show a design margin reduction of greater than 1 dB for new connection requests in a disaggregated network with TPs from four vendors. On top of this, the results also show a ~0.5 dB additional Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) saving for new connection requests by proper selection of the TPs.
Astroglial Glutamine Synthetase and the Pathogenesis of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2021)

The enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS), also referred to as glutamate ammonia ligase, is abundant in astrocytes and catalyzes the conversion of ammonia and glutamate to glutamine. Deficiency or dysfunction of astrocytic GS in discrete brain regions have been associated with several types of epilepsy, including medically-intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), neocortical epilepsies, and glioblastoma-associated epilepsy. Moreover, experimental inhibition or deletion of GS in the entorhinal-hippocampal territory of laboratory animals causes an MTLE-like syndrome characterized by spontaneous, recurrent hippocampal-onset seizures, loss of hippocampal neurons, and in some cases comorbid depressive-like features. The goal of this review is to summarize and discuss the possible roles of astroglial GS in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
Focal Mechanism Determination from Few Sensors – Application to the Arkema-Vauvert Site, France (2009)

We developed a method that enables computing focal mechanisms with only a few sensors. This method is based on a non-linear inversion of the P, SV and SH amplitudes of microseisms recorded on a set of sensors. Information brought by the focal mechanism enables determining the direction of the mechanism and the associated geological structure. Moreover, the computation of the mechanism enables a better estimate of the conventional source parameters. This full analysis has been performed on two microseismic clusters in the Arkema-Vauvert site in the south-East of France. Results of the focal mechanism study highlight that the two clusters are totally different in terms of source behaviour: one is characterized by the occurrence of the seismicity along an important identified thrust fault; the other is characterized by the reactivation of a well-known listric fault.
Origin of Ambipolar Behavior in p-Type Tin Monoxide Semiconductors: Impact of Oxygen Vacancy Defects (2021)

In this study, we examine the effect of oxygen vacancies ( V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> ) near the back surface of p-type tin monoxide (SnO) semiconductors on the device performance of its thin-film transistors (TFTs). Non-stoichiometry of the SnO surface layer was controlled through oxidant exposure conditions during alumina (Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) growth using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). During the initial period of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> deposition, trimethylaluminum precursors absorbed oxygen from the SnO layer and created the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> , which can form a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> -rich region at the Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /SnO interface. By modulating the oxygen plasma density during the PEALD process, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> was effectively controlled, allowing the electrical characteristics to transition from ambipolar behavior to p-channel only conduction. This study demonstrates the importance of the back surface of SnO, suggesting a new perspective of ambipolar behavior in p-type SnO semiconductors.
Incorporation of bovine serum albumin in calcium phosphate coating on titanium (1999)

Calcium phosphate (Ca-P) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were coprecipitated as a coating on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) with a high protein loading (15 wt %) by employing a recently developed wet-chemistry technique. It was observed that the incorporation of BSA significantly modified the morphology, composition, and crystallinity of the Ca-P coating. The Ca-P coating without BSA is a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) with sharp-edged thin OCP crystal plates on the top layer, whereas only an HA phase was detected in the Ca-P/BSA coating. The crystal plates in the latter had a more rounded appearance. The Ca-P/BSA coatings were immersed respectively in neutral (pH 7.4) and acidic (starting pH 4.0) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 degrees C over a 14-day period. No protein release was detected in the neutral PBS during the immersion; however, a continuous release of BSA was measured in the acidic PBS, subsequently leading to the formation of a very dense and well-adherent composite coating of BSA and Ca-P on cpTi. The present study provides the possibility to achieve a long-term effective release of biologically active proteins from a Ca-P-coated metallic implant.
Fast photolytic laser writing of gold lines on a prenucleated substrate (1988)

Laser written gold lines with resistivities as low as 4.5 μΩ cm and writing speeds up to 2.5 mm/s have been achieved by photolytic decomposition of gold metallopolymer thin films on alumina substrates prenucleated with a very thin (∼20 Å) nonconducting layer of sputtered gold. Laser writing is done at 257 nm with a frequency-doubled Ar+ laser and is followed by a subsequent annealing step at 250 °C for 30–200 min to produce conducting lines.
Antioxidant and trace element potential of Chyavanpraash and some Ayurvedic preparations (2003)

Importance of antioxidants such as vitamin C and zinc in treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension is being recognised. There is a growing interest to find naturally occurring an­ tioxidants rather than synthetic ones for their use in medicinal material. Therefore a study was undertaken a) to assess antioxidant and trace metal potential of five brands of Chyavanpraash and eight marketed Ayurvedic preparations (AP) at their prescribed dose level along with their major nine ingredients; b) to measure bioavailable amounts of trace metals; and c) to examine toxicity of lead in these AP. Trivang, Abhrak and Loha bhasma had high levels of copper, co­ balt and nickel. Manganese contents were high in Trivang and Abhrak but zero in Lohabhasma. Even though amalaki is one of the main ingredients of Chyavanpraash and Raktavardhak, their vitamin C content was quite low. Tannic acid was marginal in these two preparations. Three types of amalaki showed variable contents of iron, zinc, copper, lead, manganese and ascorbic acid. Tannic acid was highest in small amalaki. Sun drying reduced vitamin C content by sev­ enty five percent of the fresh amalaki. Lohabhasma showed highest bioavailable iron followed by Lohachurna. The bioavailable iron was negligible in Chyavanpraash and Raktavardhaka as compared to Lohabhasma and Abhrak bhasma. Bioavailable zinc content was high in Trivang bhasma and is a promising zinc supplement. Mineral iron treated with Gomutra decreased % iron bioavailability by one third but % zinc bioavailabiliy increased twofold. Lead content was highest in Trivang bhasma. The content of lead in daily dose of Chyavanpraash and Raktavard­ hak was high, but within the prescribed safe limits for lead. Further the bioavailable amount of lead for all these preparations was also very low.
Biochemical and structural characterization of two cif-like epoxide hydrolases from Burkholderia cenocepacia (2021)

Epoxide hydrolases catalyze the conversion of epoxides to vicinal diols in a range of cellular processes such as signaling, detoxification, and virulence. These enzymes typically utilize a pair of tyrosine residues to orient the substrate epoxide ring in the active site and stabilize the hydrolysis intermediate. A new subclass of epoxide hydrolases that utilize a histidine in place of one of the tyrosines was established with the discovery of the CFTR Inhibitory Factor (Cif) from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Although the presence of such Cif-like epoxide hydrolases was predicted in other opportunistic pathogens based on sequence analyses, only Cif and its homolog aCif from <i>Acinetobacter nosocomialis</i> have been characterized. Here we report the biochemical and structural characteristics of Cfl1 and Cfl2, two Cif-like epoxide hydrolases from <i>Burkholderia cenocepacia</i>. Cfl1 is able to hydrolyze xenobiotic as well as biological epoxides that might be encountered in the environment or during infection. In contrast, Cfl2 shows very low activity against a diverse set of epoxides. The crystal structures of the two proteins reveal quaternary structures that build on the well-known dimeric assembly of the α/β hydrolase domain, but broaden our understanding of the structural diversity encoded in novel oligomer interfaces. Analysis of the interfaces reveals both similarities and key differences in sequence conservation between the two assemblies, and between the canonical dimer and the novel oligomer interfaces of each assembly. Finally, we discuss the effects of these higher-order assemblies on the intra-monomer flexibility of Cfl1 and Cfl2 and their possible roles in regulating enzymatic activity.
Methodology and tool for generating semi-analytical models Used to pre-design electromagnetic MEMS (Mag-MEMS) (2006)

Modeling electromagnetic MEMS (Mag-MEMS) with semi-analytical models is possible, and can be automated because they can be decomposed into primitive geometries. We present a methodology and a tool which generates automatically the physical expressions needed to produce a fast model dedicated to the optimization process of Mag-MEMS. Our magnetostatic, linear approach uses analytical and semi-analytical expressions of fields radiated by elementary shapes of magnets and conductors
Korean Wide Area Differential Global Positioning System Development Status and Preliminary Test Results (2011)

This paper is focused on dynamic modeling and control system design as well as vision based collision avoidance for multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Multi-rotor UAVs are defined as rotary-winged UAVs with multiple rotors. These multi-rotor UAVs can be utilized in various military situations such as surveillance and reconnaissance. They can also be used for obtaining visual information from steep terrains or disaster sites. In this paper, a quad-rotor model is introduced as well as its control system, which is designed based on a proportional-integral-derivative controller and vision-based collision avoidance control system. Additionally, in order for a UAV to navigate safely in areas such as buildings and offices with a number of obstacles, there must be a collision avoidance algorithm installed in the UAV's hardware, which should include the detection of obstacles, avoidance maneuvering, etc. In this paper, the optical flow method, one of the vision-based collision avoidance techniques, is introduced, and multi-rotor UAV's collision avoidance simulations are described in various virtual environments in order to demonstrate its avoidance performance.
Development requirements of neurotrophins in the mammalian nervous system (1998)

&lt;p&gt;The survival of the mammalian peripheral nervous system neurons has long been known to depend on neurotrophic factor support during the period of programmed cell death. In fact this was the original hypothesis, put forward after the discovery of the prototype, nerve growth factor (NGF). This hypothesis postulated the existence of limited amounts of neurotrophic factors in target areas of peripheral sensory neurons, which are originally generated in excess. Following differentiation and establishment of target contact the neurons acquire dependency for neurotrophic factors for their survival. Only the neurons that successfully compete survive, the remainder die. In addition to NGF, there are several other neurotrophic factors: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT- 4). They share about 50% amino acid homology, and bind to a family of related tyrosine kinase receptors. NGF activates trkA, BDNF and NT-4, trkB, while NT-3 activates trkC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have studied the importance of all these factors and their receptors during development in neurotrophin mutant mice. I began this study to increase our knowledge on the role of neurotrophins for neuronal survival in vivo. I have studied the developmental requirements of dorsal root, nodose-petrosal and trigeminal ganglia neurons for neurotrophins during intervals of embryonic mouse development through early postnatal ages in single or compound null mutant mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Together the results point out that NT-3 is affecting the precursors of these sensory neurons prior to target innervation and programmed cell death. 1 further showed that this effect is mediated, at least in the dorsal root ganglion, by a local production of NT-3. Moreover and most importantly NT-3 seems crucial for the sensory precursors to exit the cell cycle in order to differentiate, and if denied NT-3, the precursors remain in the cell cycle and die. As for BDNF and NT-4, we have confirmed and extended the earlier observations by identifying their roles for sensory neurons survival in vivo. The data describe the cooperative effect of these neurotrophic factors and defines an order of action in vivo. Finally, we established an animal model for aminoglycoside hearing impairment and showed the protective effect of NT-3 against hearing impairment.&lt;/p&gt;
Review of polymer-based sensors for agriculture-related applications (2013)

Advancements in micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and nano-electro-mechanical system (NEMS) technologies are changing the way integrated systems interact with nature by providing a variety of physical and chemical sensing technologies. For emerging markets, cost of new technologies, aimed at applications such as environmental monitoring and agriculture, is an important factor for deployment. This article provides a review on low-cost polymers, used for sensing environmental parameters, such as humidity and temperature, as well as soil-related substances, such as pH, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Polymer-based MEMS and NEMS sensors take advantage of simple low-temperature spin-coating process for depositing various sensitive polymer layers on a variety of sensing devices. Review on material, specification and preparation method of the polymers along with their molecular structures is presented in this article. A brief review on the associated devices, such as ion-sensitive field effect transistor, with reported results is also presented.
Artificial Intelligence for Pediatric Ophthalmology (2019)

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite the impressive results of recent artificial intelligence (AI) applications to general ophthalmology, comparatively less progress has been made toward solving problems in pediatric ophthalmology using similar techniques. This article discusses the unique needs of pediatric ophthalmology patients and how AI techniques can address these challenges, surveys recent applications of AI to pediatric ophthalmology, and discusses future directions in the field. RECENT FINDINGS: The most significant advances involve the automated detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), yielding results that rival experts. Machine learning (ML) has also been successfully applied to the classification of pediatric cataracts, prediction of post-operative complications following cataract surgery, detection of strabismus and refractive error, prediction of future high myopia, and diagnosis of reading disability via eye tracking. In addition, ML techniques have been used for the study of visual development, vessel segmentation in pediatric fundus images, and ophthalmic image synthesis. SUMMARY: AI applications could significantly benefit clinical care for pediatric ophthalmology patients by optimizing disease detection and grading, broadening access to care, furthering scientific discovery, and improving clinical efficiency. These methods need to match or surpass physician performance in clinical trials before deployment with patients. Due to widespread use of closed-access data sets and software implementations, it is difficult to directly compare the performance of these approaches, and reproducibility is poor. Open-access data sets and software implementations could alleviate these issues, and encourage further AI applications to pediatric ophthalmology. KEYWORDS: pediatric ophthalmology, machine learning, artificial intelligence, deep learning
Biobrane-Wundauflagen auf Verbrühungen – ein sinnvolles Therapiekonzept? (2015)

Einleitung: Verbrühungen nehmen eine gesonderte Rolle im Bereich der Verbrennungsverletzungen ein. Durch eine verlängerte Nachwirkzeit der Hitze der schädigenden Flüssigkeit im Gewebe kann es zum Nachtiefen der verletzten Areale kommen, teilweise auch erst nach Tagen. Die Einschätzung[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
A Password-Protected Secret Sharing Based on Kurosawa-Desmedt Hybrid Encryption (2016)

Needs for secret sharing scheme is increasing as demands for cloud services grow. However, secret sharing scheme possesses a drawback in that unauthorized users who can access storages storing partial information can reconstruct a secret. Password-Protected Secret Sharing (PPSS) was proposed in order to resolve such a drawback. PPSS is a secret sharing scheme that ensures only the owner of the secret who knows correct password to get the original secret by applying password authentication to partial information. The first PPSS was proposed by Bagherzandi et al. in 2011. When a secret is large, their scheme encrypts the secret with symmetric key encryption (SKE) and then encrypts the symmetric key with CPA secure public key encryption (PKE). Because of such combination, it seems difficult to prove strong security (i.e., CCA security) of their scheme at least in the standard model. In this paper, we propose a new PPSS model and scheme which does not use a simple combination of SKE and CPA secure PKE but use Kurosawa-Desmedt hybrid encryption, that is proven to be CCA secure in the standard model. Proposed PPSS is constructed by combining public key part of Kurosawa-Desmedt hybrid encryption with password authentication. Our scheme is expected to be more secure than that of Bagherzandi et al.