gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for participation in competitive sport and leisure-time physical activity in individuals with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis and pericarditis (2006)

Several relatively uncommon, but important cardiovascular diseases are associated with increased risk for acute cardiac events during exercise (including sudden death), such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and myo-pericarditis. Practising cardiologists are frequently asked to advise on exercise programmes and sport participation in young individuals with these cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, many asymptomatic (or mildly symptomatic) patients with cardiomyopathies aspire to a physically active lifestyle to take advantage of the many documented benefits of exercise. While recommendations dictating the participation in competitive sport for athletes with cardiomyopathies and myo-pericarditis have recently been published as a consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology, no European guidelines have addressed the possible participation of patients with cardiomyopathies in recreational and amateur sport activities. The present document is intended to offer a comprehensive overview to practising cardiologists and sport physicians of the recommendations governing safe participation in different types of competitive sport, as well as the participation in a variety of recreational physical activities and amateur sports in individuals with cardiomyopathies and myo-pericarditis. These recommendations, based largely on the experience and insights of the expert panel appointed by the European Society of Cardiology, include the most up-to-date information concerning regular exercise and sports activity in patients with cardiomyopathies and myo-pericarditis.
Alexander Disease Mutant Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Compromises Glutamate Transport in Astrocytes (2010)

Alexander disease (AxD) is a leukodystrophy caused by heterozygous mutations in the gene for glial fibrillary acidic protein, an intermediate filament protein expressed by astrocytes. The mutation causes prominent protein aggregates inside astrocytes; there is also loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes and neuronal degeneration. We show that immunohistochemical staining for glutamate transporter 1, the major brain glutamate transporter expressed primarily in astrocytes suggests decreased levels in the hippocampi of infantile AxD patients. A knock-in mouse model of AxD also shows significant reduction of glutamate transporter 1 in the hippocampus. To explore this phenomenon at the cellular level, wild-type and R239C mutant glial fibrillary acidic proteins (the most common mutation) were overexpressed in astrocytes in culture. Western blotting and whole-cell patch clamp recordings demonstrated that the R239C astrocytes exhibited markedly reduced glutamate transporter 1 protein levels; this resulted in attenuated or abolished glutamate-induced inward transporter current. Neurons cocultured with the R239C astrocytes exhibited increased death after glutamate challenge. These results indicate that aberrant astrocytes have decreased glutamate uptake, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuronal and oligodendrocyte injury and death in AxD.
Self-assembly of small molecules at hydrophobic interfaces using group effect (2020)

Although common in nature, the self-assembly of small molecules at sold-liquid interfaces is difficult to control in artificial systems. The high mobility of dissolved small molecules limits their residence at the interface, typically restricting the self-assembly to systems under confinement or with mobile tethers between the molecules and the surface. Small hydrogen-bonding molecules can overcome these issues by exploiting group-effect stabilization to achieve non-tethered self-assembly at hydrophobic interfaces. Significantly, the weak molecular interactions with the solid makes it possible to influence the interfacial hydrogen bond network, potentially creating a wide variety of supramolecular structures. Here we investigate the nanoscale details of water and alcohols mixtures self-assembling at the interface with graphite through group-effect. We explore the interplay between inter-molecular and surface interactions by adding small amounts of foreign molecules able to interfere with the hydrogen bond network and systematically varying the length of the alcohol hydrocarbon chain. The resulting supramolecular structures forming at room temperature are then examined using atomic force microscopy with insights from computer simulations. We show that the group-based self-assembly approach investigated here is general and can be reproduced on other substrates such as molybdenum disulphide and graphene oxide, potentially making it relevant for a wide variety of systems.
[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1990). II. Background of patients]. (1995)

Clinical background was investigated on 861 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during the period from June, 1990 to May, 1991. 1. Distribution of sex, age and infections: Among over fifties males, the complicated urinary tract infections was most frequent. Among females, the uncomplicated urinary tract infections was most frequent without a relation of age. 2. Distribution of sex, age and pathogens isolated from UTIs: In uncomplicated UTIs, Escherichia coli was most frequently isolated without a relation of age. In complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated with a frequency of 20-30%, respectively. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most frequently isolated, and next E. faecalis. 3. Administration of antibiotics and pathogens isolated from UTIs: In uncomplicated UTIs and complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, pathogens, after administration of antibiotics, isolated from patients have obviously decreased. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, pathogens, before and after administration of antibiotics, isolated from patients were not decreased. And the distribution of pathogens after administration of antibiotics was similar.
Micro-mirror steering of diode array beams (2004)

Femtosecond laser processing is well known for precise ablation of materials with insignificant heat effects. With commercially available power of a few watts, femtosecond lasers are suited for micromachining applications. However, as innovations and hybrid processes are developed, the field of femtosecond laser applications advances and broadens.
The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Stride‐to‐Stride Variability (2009)

Level III, case control study.
Use of Carbohydrate-Conjugated Nanoparticles for an Integrated Approach to Functional Imaging of Glycans and Understanding of their Molecular Mechanisms (2012)

Functional analysis of carbohydrates is needed to understand the initial interface between membranes and the outer world. For this analysis we need individual protocols such as a method to modify the surfaces of nanoparticles with a variety of carbohydrates effectively and exhaustively, to synthesize an oligosaccharide on each particle's surface by chemical or enzymatic sugar elongation reaction, and to analyze the binding properties of carbohydrates. In this article, we describe the basic strategies for scooping up proteins from crude sample mixtures via interaction with carbohydrates. This approach was used to identify proteins that interacted with GM2, a ganglioside that is abundant on the surfaces of human lung cancer cells.
Fractal Characteristics of Combustion Noise (2017)

Fractal analysis is undertaken to characterize flame surface fluctuations on an unconfined turbulent premixed flame and the resulting far-field acoustics fluctuations. Results indicate that combustion noise is monofractal and is characterized by an anticorrelated structure with a Hurst exponent less than 0.5. The anticorrelated nature was identified in the pressure fluctuations as well as flame surface fluctuations for small time-scales. Additionally, results suggest that flame surface fluctuations are multifractal for large time scales. The calculated Hurst exponent increases noticeably with the equivalence ratio and decreases slightly with Reynolds number for the investigated operating conditions. Variation in the Hurst exponent for combustion noise data is compared with a case study of synthetic fluctuations comprised of linear combinations of white and 1/f2 noise. These results provide a more detailed characterization of the temporal structure of flame surface fluctuations and resulting noise emission from turbulent premixed flames than is presently known.
Separation of post-nonlinear mixtures using ACE and temporal decorrelation (2001)

We propose an efficient method based on the concept of maximal correlation that reduces the post-nonlinear blind source separation problem (PNL BSS) to a linear BSS problem. For this we apply the Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE) algorithm -- a powerful technique from nonparametric statistics -- to approximately invert the (post-)nonlinear functions. Interestingly, in the framework of the ACE method convergence can be proven and in the PNL BSS scenario the optimal transformation found by ACE will coincide with the desired inverse functions. After the nonlinearities have been removed by ACE, temporal decorrelation (TD) allows us to recover the source signals. An excellent performance underlines the validity of our approach and demonstrates the ACE-TD method on realistic examples. 1.
Fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis (2001)

We describe a case in which fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography (PET) led directly to the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis in an elderly woman with a fever of unknown origin. The patient presented with a 3-month history of fatigue, fever, headache, visual disturbance, jaw claudication, and anemia. A computed tomographic scan showed an anterior mediastinal mass that was suspected of being malignant. A fludeoxyglucose F 18 PET scan performed for preoperative evaluation identified striking uptake of fludeoxyglucose F 18 in the walls of the entire aorta, left main coronary artery, and subclavian, carotid, and common iliac arteries bilaterally, suggestive of an arteritis, a diagnosis subsequently confirmed by the findings of an arterial biopsy. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 129 mm/h. There was normalizaton of the PET scan 2 weeks following treatment with prednisolone. This case suggests that fludeoxyglucose F 18 PET contributes to the noninvasive diagnosis of giant cell arteritis, as well as to the evaluation of the extent of disease, response to therapy, and disease recurrence.
UV absorption mapping as subsurface damage inspection in transparent optical materials (2020)

Local alterations in UV absorption have been used to investigate subsurface damage in transparent optical materials. As a detection method, a collinear pump-probe arrangement has been utilized and absorption-induced deflections in the nonresonant probe beam has been detected. Depending on the changes in deflection and transmission signals, variations in absorption mappings could be attributed to different origins of material inhomogenities or foreign particles. Also, lightprovoked changes in absorption that can occur with non-linear optical materials have been detected by the proposed method.
Effect of serelaxin on cardiac, renal, and hepatic biomarkers in the relaxin in acute heart failure (RELAX-AHF) development program: Correlation with outcomes (2021)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of serelaxin on short-term changes in markers of organ damage and congestion and relate them to 180-day mortality in patients with acute heart failure. BACKGROUND: Hospitalization for acute heart failure is associated with high post-discharge mortality, and this may be related to organ damage. METHODS: The Pre-RELAX-AHF (Relaxin in Acute Heart Failure) phase II study and RELAX-AHF phase III study were international, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in which patients hospitalized for acute heart failure were randomized within 16 h to intravenous placebo or serelaxin. Each patient was followed daily to day 5 or discharge and at days 5, 14, and 60 after enrollment. Vital status was assessed through 180 days. In RELAX-AHF, laboratory evaluations were performed daily to day 5 and at day 14. Plasma levels of biomarkers were measured at baseline and days 2, 5, and 14. All-cause mortality was assessed as a safety endpoint in both studies. RESULTS: Serelaxin reduced 180-day mortality, with similar effects in the phase II and phase III studies (combined studies: N = 1,395; hazard ratio: 0.62; 95% confidence interval: 0.43 to 0.88; p = 0.0076). In RELAX-AHF, changes in markers of cardiac (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T), renal (creatinine and cystatin-C), and hepatic (aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) damage and of decongestion (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) at day 2 and worsening heart failure during admission were associated with 180-day mortality. Serelaxin administration improved these markers, consistent with the prevention of organ damage and faster decongestion. CONCLUSIONS: Early administration of serelaxin was associated with a reduction of 180-day mortality, and this occurred with fewer signs of organ damage and more rapid relief of congestion during the first days after admission.
Simultaneous oxidative conversion and CO2 or steam reforming of methane to syngas over CoO–NiO–MgO catalyst (1998)

CO2 reforming, oxidative conversion and simultaneous oxidative conversion and CO2 or steam reforming of methane to syngas (CO and H2) over NiO–CoO–MgO (Co: Ni: Mg=0·5: 0·5:1·0) solid solution at 700–850°C and high space velocity (5·1×105 cm3 g−1 h−1 for oxidative conversion and 4·5×104 cm3 g−1 h−1 for oxy-steam or oxy-CO2 reforming) for different CH4/O2 (1·8–8·0) and CH4/CO2 or H2O (1·5–8·4) ratios have been thoroughly investigated. Because of the replacement of 50 mol% of the NiO by CoO in NiO–MgO (Ni/Mg=1·0), the performance of the catalyst in the methane to syngas conversion process is improved; the carbon formation on the catalyst is drastically reduced. The CoO–NiO–MgO catalyst shows high methane conversion activity (methane conversion >80%) and high selectivity for both CO and H2 in the oxy-CO2 reforming and oxy-steam reforming processes at ⩾800°C. The oxy-steam or CO2 reforming process involves the coupling of the exothermic oxidative conversion and endothermic CO2 or steam reforming reactions, making these processes highly energy efficient and also safe to operate. These processes can be made thermoneutral or mildly exothermic or mildly endothermic by manipulating the process conditions (viz. temperature and/or CH4/O2 ratio in the feed). © 1998 Society of Chemistry Industry
Effect of Contact Edge Profile on Fretting Fatigue Crack Initiation Site in Press-Fitted Axle. (1997)

The objective of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of a contact edge profile on stress distribution and fretting fatigue crack initiation in press-fitted axles. The press-fitted axles were fatigue tested under rotating bending conditions. The profiles of the axle and boss contact edge, the crack initiation site and the fretting corrosion region were investigated after fatigue testing. Stress states of the press-fitted axles were calculated by the finite element method (FEM), taking into consideration the contact edge profile. It was found that the maximum axial stress increases and its location shifts from the contact edge to the inside with increasing contact edge rounding. Moreover, crack initiation sites well correspond to the maximum stress location calculated by FEM considering the contact edge profile.
Potentials for large axial field of view positron camera systems (2008)

By extending the axial field-of-view (FOV) in positron emission tomography (PET), the volume sensitivity and the planar sensitivity increase. However, given the current level of commercial block detector technology for the positron camera design, there seems to be little interest in going beyond a 6 or 8 block ring system, corresponding to an axial FOV of 35 to 45 cm, mainly due to cost issues such as the scintillator material and the photomultipliers. A large axial FOV system of the order of one meter or more facilitates a whole body exam in a single bed position, so that multiple organs can be examined simultaneously. Therefore, the dynamic uptake and the bio-distribution of a tracer in different organs could be followed and whole-body kinetics could be studied. The extended axial FOV for PET systems based on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) has been discussed recently. RPC systems provide very good intrinsic spatial and timing resolution. We developed a simple RPC system model by extending our previously described multiblock-ring LSO model to a ∼2 meter axial FOV system and reducing the LSO scintillator depth to provide a singles sensitivity relevant for a RPC detector. The model estimates absolute and planar sensitivity. Based on the planar sensitivity, we estimated the acquisition time needed for the RPC system to achieve comparable image quality with current Siemens Biograph TruePoint and TruePoint TrueV systems (3 and 4 block-rings, respectively). In addition we compared the noise-equivalent count rates (NEC) according to the NEMA NU2-2001 protocol.
Scientometric Indicators as a Basis for a Multidimensional Analysis of Science Development (2018)

The paper reviews and discusses the use of scientometric indicators in assessing the eﬀectiveness of scientiﬁc research, as the basis for qualitative analysis and assessment of science development. Systematic analysis of the indicators for scientiﬁc development aims to improve the quality of S&T management. Nowadays the interest of governments in evaluating research for the purpose of assessing the impact of science funding increased. The paper presents an analysis of the publication activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as analysis of other scientometric indicators. The analysis is based on the data of Web of Science, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Springer which allow to study the internal structure of areas of knowledge, follow the changes of the front of scientiﬁc research, identify the most rapidly developing scientiﬁc ﬁelds, scientiﬁc and technological trends that can serve as a basis for determining the main vectors of scientiﬁc development.
A Laboratory Study of Old Magazine Deinking (2000)

A few years ago, it was believed that old newsprint (ONP) as raw material of recycled paper were oversupplied. However, due to recent recycling boom, the growth in the number of deinking plants caused shortage of ONP. In this article, the deinkability of old magazines (OMG), which are more available than ONP, was evaluated. The results were as follows.1. OMG was classified by three categories based on brightness and amount of coated section. There were plain paper copier (PPC), colored wood free paper (CWP), and rough paper (RP).2. The efficiency of ink removal and ink collection of PPC was inferior to that of ONP. But higher brightness quality was obtained due to the fact that original quality of paper was whiter than ONP. In case of CWP, the higher volume of foam was observed. Performance with RP was almost the same tendency as that of ONP.3. Key points on OMG deinkability were summarized as follows.(a) Selection of OMG according to target quality.(b) Consideration of both chemical and process condition.The evaluation data showed that “New Deinking Agent” was effective for OMG deinking with easier controllability of foam.
Discovering <i>in vivo</i> cytokine eQTL interactions from a lupus clinical trial (2017)

Abstract Background Cytokines are critical to human disease and are attractive therapeutic targets given their widespread influence on gene regulation and transcription. Defining the downstream regulatory mechanisms influenced by cytokines is central to defining drug and disease mechanisms. One promising strategy is to use interactions between expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and cytokine levels to define target genes and mechanisms. Results In a clinical trial for anti-IL-6 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus we measured interferon (IFN) status, anti-IL-6 drug exposure and genome-wide gene expression at three time points (379 samples from 157 individuals). First, we show that repeat transcriptomic measurements increases the number of cis eQTLs identified compared to using a single time point by 64%. Then, after identifying 4,818 cis-eQTLs, we observed a statistically significant enrichment of in vivo eQTL interactions with IFN status (p&lt;0.001 by permutation) and anti-IL-6 drug exposure (p&lt;0.001). We observed 210 and 72 interactions for IFN and anti-IL-6 respectively (FDR&lt;20%). Anti-IL-6 interactions have not yet been described while 99 of the IFN interactions are novel. Finally, we found transcription factor binding motifs interrupted by eQTL interaction SNPs, pointing to key regulatory mediators of these environmental stimuli and therefore potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. In particular, genes with IFN interactions are enriched for ISRE binding site motifs, while those with anti-IL-6 interactions are enriched for IRF4 motifs. Conclusion This study highlights the potential to exploit clinical trial data to discover in vivo eQTL interactions with therapeutically relevant environmental variables.
Association of TP53 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Prostate Cancer in a Racially Diverse Cohort of Men (2023)

Growing evidence indicates the involvement of a genetic component for CaP susceptibility and clinical severity. Somatic mutations of TP53 have been associated with 50% of diverse human cancers. Studies have also reported the role of germ line mutations and single nucleotide poly-morphisms (SNPs) of TP53 as possible risk factors for cancer development. In this single De-partment of Defense institutional retrospective study, we identified common SNPs in the TP53 gene in AA and CA men and performed association analyses for functional TP53 SNPs with clinico-pathological features of CaP. The CPDR Oncoarray database on blood derived genomic DNA from 321 men treated by radical prostatectomy at WRNMMC were used to examine clini-co-pathological associations with TP53 SNPs. The SNP genotyping analysis on the final cohort of 308 patients (212 AA; 95 CA) identified 74 SNPs in the TP53 gene region with a minor allele fre-quency (MAF) of at least 1%. Two SNPs were non-synonymous in the exonic region of TP53: rs1800371 (Pro47Ser) and rs1042522 (Arg72Pro). The Pro47Ser variant, had a minor allele frequency of 0.01 in AA, however, was not detected in CA. Arg72Pro was the most common SNP with a minor allele frequency of 0.50 (0.41 in AA; 0.68 in CA). Additionally, Arg72Pro was associated with time to biochemical recurrence (BCR) after statistical adjustment for patient age at diagnosis, self-reported race, and Gleason score (p= 0.046; HR = 1.52). &#x0D; The present study demonstrated ancestral differences in allele frequencies of TP53 Arg72Pro and Pro47Ser SNPs in AA and CA CaP, providing a valuable framework for the interrogating CaP disparity among AA and CA men.
NATURAL CYTOKINE SYNTHESIS FOR VASCULAR PROSTHESES INDUCED FROM AUTOLOGOUSLY TRANSPLANTED BONE MARROW (1996)

Noishiki, Y.; Yamane, Y.; Tomizawa, Y.; Iwai, Y.; Ma, X. H.; Doulet, Marat; Takahashi, K.; Mo, M.; Imoto, K.; Tobe, M.; Kondo, J.; Matsumoto, A. Author Information