gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-performance Thin-film Niobium Produced via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) (2017)

Bulk niobium cavities have been the standard for superconducting particle accelerators for many years. However, the cost of high RRR niobium start materials makes them expensive. The use of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) processing technologies to produce thin Nb films on low-cost substrates (e.g. copper) offers a method to significantly reduce the cost of accelerator cavity fabrication while increasing cavity performance capabilities. Recent optimization of CVD niobium processes for high RRR Nb films has led to RF performance approaching that of bulk Nb. In collaboration with Ultramet, Cornell continues to explore the potential of CVD techniques. This paper presents results from a detailed study of CVD thin film Nb materials produced by Ultramet on 5-inch diameter copper and molybdenum substrates, including RF performance results with T-mapping and detailed surface analysis of performance limiting regions. Our work shows that CVD-based cavity fabrication methods are a promising alternative to sheet-formed bulk cavities, and to other thin Nb film techniques, warranting further development. Additional results from the field will be discussed.
Recognition of Anions Using Metalloporphyrin‐Based Ion‐Selective Membranes: State‐of‐the‐Art (2003)

Abstract The principles, recent achievements and challenges related to the use of metalloporphyrins as ionophores in the development of polymeric anion‐selective membranes are reported. The advantages and disadvantages of dimer‐monomer equilibria existing within the membrane phase when using certain metalloporphyrins are discussed with respect to their effect on the response characteristics of the resulting anion sensors. The influence of membrane composition and pH of sample solution on these equilibria is described. The possibility of employing both potentiometric and optical transduction modes for anion recognition with metalloporphyrin doped polymer membranes is shown.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-2-iodo-glycosides from Furanoses. A New Route to 2-Deoxy-glycosides and 2-Deoxy-oligosaccharides of <i>r</i><i>ibo </i>and <i>x</i><i>ylo</i> Configuration (2005)

[reaction: see text] A general procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-iodo-hexo- and -hepto-pyranosyl glycosides from furanoses is reported. The proposed methodology provides a new route for accessing 2-deoxy-oligosaccharides. The procedure involves three reactions: Wittig-Horner olefination to give alkenyl sulfanyl derivatives, electrophilic iodine-induced cyclization to give phenyl 2-deoxy-2-iodo-1-thio-hexo-glycosides, and glycosylation. Protected furanoses 1, 3, and 6-11, which include examples of the four possible isomeric configurations of furanoses, were reacted with diphenyl phenylsulfanylmethyl phosphine oxide to give the alkenyl sulfanyl derivatives 2, 4, and 12-16. The iodine-induced cyclization of these compounds afforded the phenyl 2-deoxy-2-iodo-1-thio-glycosides 18, 20, and 22-27 with practically complete regio- and stereoselectivity. Products of 6-endo cyclization, in which the iodine at C-2 was in a cis relationship with the alkoxy at C-3, were almost exclusively produced. Better yields were obtained for compounds with a ribo or xylo configuration than for compounds with other configurations. Compounds 18, 20, and 22-27 were found to be efficient glycosyl donors in the glycosylation of cholesterol and glucopyranoside 29a, affording the corresponding 2-deoxy-2-iodo-glycosides and 2-deoxy-2-iodo-oligosaccharides with good yields and stereoselectivities. The glycosydic bond in the major isomers was always trans to the iodine at C-2.
Biomaterials: Chitosan and Collagen for Regenerative Medicine (2014)

With contributions from USA, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea, this special issue holds great insight. This special issue offers comprehensive knowledge on chitosan and collagen as biomaterials, especially with respect to their basic biological and chemical properties, as well as clinical applications. Two review articles described the preparation and biological application of chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives and the relevance to clinical dentistry of distinct characteristics of mandibular bone collagen. Original articles reported seven experiments: 3 chitosan topics and 4 collagen topics. The former demonstrated the contributions for a proteomic view of chitosan nanoparticle to hepatic cells, the promotion of D-glucosamine to transfection efficiency, and chitin application as skin substitutes. The latter showed the contributions for hydroxyapatite-gelatin nanocomposite, genipin modification of dentin collagen, dentin phosphophoryn/collagen composite for dental biomaterial, and biological safety of fish collagen.
Probabilistic #D data fusion for multiresolution surface generation (2002)

In this paper we present an algorithm for adaptive resolution integration of 3D data collected from multiple distributed sensors. The input to the algorithm is a set of 3D surface points and associated sensor models. Using a probabilistic rule, a surface probability function is generated that represents the probability that a particular volume of space contains the surface. The surface probability function is represented using an octree data structure; regions of space with samples of large conariance are stored at a coarser level than regions of space containing samples with smaller covariance. The algorithm outputs an adaptive resolution surface generated by connecting points that lie on the ridge of surface probability with triangles scaled to match the local discretization of space given by the algorithm, we present results from 3D data generated by scanning lidar and structure from motion.
EMC test specification for integrated circuits (2007)

This paper presents a general EMC test specification for integrated circuits that is based on the internationally standardised test methods set out in IEC 61967 and IEC 62132 and specifies a generic procedure enabling a comparative characterisation of the EMC behaviour of different IC types. The specification contains general information about the test methods used, defines various IC function modules, pin types, and test and measurement networks, and provides a guide to selecting the pins to be tested, operating modes and limit values.
Physisorption-like Interaction at the Interfaces Formed by Pentacene and Samarium (2002)

We have investigated the nature of the interaction between samarium (Sm) and pentacene, and the energy level alignment at the resulting interfaces. The valence electronic structure of in situ prepared samples, i.e., pentacene evaporated onto Sm surfaces and vice versa, was investigated with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Pentacene appears to physisorb on the metal surface. Sm also appears to interact weakly when evaporated on the organic material, forming clusters at low coverage. Indications of a valence change of Sm upon evolution from clusters to metallic film are found. The highest occupied molecular orbital of pentacene is measured at 1.85 eV below the metal Fermi level EF for both evaporation sequences. Estimating the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of pentacene using the transport gap, we obtain a barrier of only 0.35 eV for the injection of electrons from the metal into the organic material.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi></mml:math>Suppression at Forward Rapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>NN</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.76</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math> (2012)

The ALICE experiment has measured the inclusive J/ψ production in Pb-Pb collisions at √s(NN) = 2.76 TeV down to zero transverse momentum in the rapidity range 2.5 < y < 4. A suppression of the inclusive J/ψ yield in Pb-Pb is observed with respect to the one measured in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The nuclear modification factor, integrated over the 0%-80% most central collisions, is 0.545 ± 0.032(stat) ± 0.083(syst) and does not exhibit a significant dependence on the collision centrality. These features appear significantly different from measurements at lower collision energies. Models including J/ψ production from charm quarks in a deconfined partonic phase can describe our data.
Illuminated darkness: Molecular signatures of Congo River dissolved organic matter and its photochemical alteration as revealed by ultrahigh precision mass spectrometry (2010)

Congo River water was filtered and then irradiated for 57 d in a solar simulator, resulting in extensive photodegradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Whole‐water (i.e., unfractionated) DOM was analyzed pre‐ and post‐irradiation using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS), revealing the following three pools of DOM classified based upon their photoreactivity: (1) photo‐resistant, (2) photo‐labile, and (3) photo‐produced. Photo‐resistant DOM was heterogeneous, with most molecular classes represented, although only a small number of aromatics and no condensed aromatics were identified. The photoproduced pool was dominated by aliphatic compounds, although it included a small number of aromatics, including condensed aromatics. Aromatic compounds were the most photoreactive, with &gt; 90% being lost upon irradiation. Photochemistry also resulted in a significant drop in the number of molecules identified and a decrease in their structural diversity. The FT‐ICR MS signatures of two classes of refractory organic matter, black carbon and carboxylic‐rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM), were present in the sample prior to irradiation, indicating that the Congo River could be a significant exporter of recalcitrant DOM to the ocean. All black carbon‐like molecules identified in the initial sample were lost during irradiation. Molecular signatures consistent with CRAM were also highly photo‐labile, demonstrating that environmental solar irradiation levels are capable of removing these refractory compounds from aquatic systems. Irradiation also shifted the molecular signature of terrestrial DOM toward that of marine DOM, thereby complicating the task of tracking terrestrial DOM in the ocean.
Collision Avoidance and Stabilization for Autonomous Vehicles in Emergency Scenarios (2016)

Emergency scenarios may necessitate autonomous vehicle maneuvers up to their handling limits in order to avoid collisions. In these scenarios, vehicle stabilization becomes important to ensure that the vehicle does not lose control. However, stabilization actions may conflict with those necessary for collision avoidance, potentially leading to a collision. This paper presents a new control structure that integrates path tracking, vehicle stabilization, and collision avoidance and mediates among these sometimes conflicting objectives by prioritizing collision avoidance. It can even temporarily violate vehicle stabilization criteria if needed to avoid a collision. The framework is implemented using model predictive and feedback controllers. Incorporating tire nonlinearities into the model allows the controller to use all of the vehicle's performance capability to meet the objectives. A prediction horizon comprised of variable length time steps integrates the different time scales associated with stabilization and collision avoidance. Experimental data from an autonomous vehicle demonstrate the controller safely driving at the vehicle's handling limits and avoiding an obstacle suddenly introduced in the middle of a turn.
Results from EU FP7 Project OASE on Next-Generation Optical Access (2013)

Over the last three years, a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of Next-Generation Optical Access (NGOA) has been performed in the EU FP7 project OASE (Optical Access Seamless Evolution). Several types of Passive as well as Active Optical Networks (PON/AON) have been investigated, with regard to system, cabling and fiber cost, and Operational Expenditures (OpEx) including operations, maintenance, and energy-consumption cost. The analysis was performed for several degrees of active-site consolidation as well as for several sustainable per-client bit rates. Here, the analysis of the relevant PON approaches is presented with focus on system and infrastructure costs. With increasing site-consolidation degree and per-client bit rate, the optimum solution shifts from G-PON / XG-PON1 towards WDM-based PON solutions.
Vinorelbine plus Cisplatin vs. Observation in Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2005)

Adjuvant vinorelbine plus cisplatin has an acceptable level of toxicity and prolongs disease-free and overall survival among patients with completely resected early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.
A New Class of Private Chi-Square Tests (2016)

In this paper, we develop new test statistics for private hypothesis testing. These statistics are designed specifically so that their asymptotic distributions, after accounting for noise added for privacy concerns, match the asymptotics of the classical (non-private) chi-square tests for testing if the multinomial data parameters lie in lower dimensional manifolds (examples include goodness of fit and independence testing). Empirically, these new test statistics outperform prior work, which focused on noisy versions of existing statistics.
Hepatoprotective constituents of Firmiana simplex stem bark against ethanol insult to primary rat hepatocytes (2015)

This is the first report on the hepatoprotective activities of the extract of F. simplex. The EtOAc fraction of F. simplex stem bark and its major constituent quercitrin (1) could function as hepatoprotective agents to attenuate the development of alcoholic liver disease.
A visual model of coronary circulation. (2006)

Teaching medical trainees about the coronary circulation is important. One in every five deaths in the US is attributed to coronary heart disease. We have developed mathematical models describing the coronary blood flow and pressure, heart muscle tissue oxygen demand, and oxygen supply. The pressure/flow model is driven by the existing Human Patient Simulator (HPS™) cardiovascular models, because the blood flow into the coronary circulation is determined by the pressure difference between the aorta and the right atrium. Three heart muscle tissue compartments were defined: a right ventricle compartment and two left ventricle compartments (epicardial and endocardial). In order to form a mental model that our students can easily fall back to, we developed a simple graphical display, consisting of two circles of muscle tissue, driven by the cardiovascular and coronary models. The stylized heart beats in real-time, and the inside volume and muscle wall thickness are realistic representations and are calculated by our models. The muscle tissue is colored between red and blue, depending on the partial pressure of oxygen in that tissue. When oxygen demand exceeds supply, the tissue will turn bluer. Currently, three model parameters can be easily changed via sliders: flow resistance to the endo- and epicardial LV compartments, and heart rate. This allows for the scenario where some coronary vessel blockage exists, but is not apparent at normal heart rates. Slowly increasing the heart rate will lower the tissue oxygen partial pressures in real-time. Visual mathematical models of physiology are a powerful tool for teaching complex physiology.
Learning spatial relationships in hand-drawn patterns using fuzzy mathematical morphology (2010)

We introduce in this work a new approach for learning spatial relationships between elements of hand-drawn patterns with the help of fuzzy mathematical morphology operators. Relying on mathematical morphology allows to take into account the actual shapes of hand-drawn patterns when modeling their spatial relationships, and thus to cope with the variability of handwriting signal. Extension of mathematical morphology to the fuzzy set framework further allows to handle imprecision of handwriting and to deal with the ambiguity of spatial relationships. The novelty lies in the generative aspect of the models we propose, in the sense that they can exhibit the region of space where the learnt relation is satisfied with respect to a reference object, and can thus be used for driving structural analysis of complex patterns. Experiments over on-line handwritten data show their performance, and prove their ability to deal with variability of handwriting and reasoning under imprecision.
SR-Mitochondria Crosstalk Shapes Ca Signalling to Impact Pathophenotype in Disease Models Marked by Dysregulated Intracellular Ca Release (2021)

In contrast to FFD, which is more susceptible to mtROS-dependent RyR2 leak, in CPVT2 mitochondria buffer SR-derived DCR to mitigate Ca-dependent pathological remodelling and rely on mPTP-mediated Ca efflux to avoid mCa overload. SR-mitochondria interplay contributes to the divergent pathologies by disparately shaping intracellular Ca signalling.
Hydrogen-related volatile defects as the possible cause for the recoverable component of NBTI (2013)

The recently suggested time-dependent defect spectroscopy (TDDS) has allowed us to study the recoverable component of NBTI at the single-defect level. To go beyond our previous efforts, we have performed a long-term TDDS study covering also the kilo-second time window. We found that even in this extended window NBTI recovery is due to a collection of first-order reactions. In particular, there is no trace of a diffusion-limited process as assumed in the reaction-diffusion model. Most intriguingly, the responsible traps show various degrees of volatility, that is, they can disappear and reappear. Our observations lend strong support to the idea that the recoverable component of NBTI is due to hydrogen-related defects which are active when a hydrogen atom is at the defect site and inactive when not.
Functional Group Biotransformations (2014)

Drug molecules contain a vast array of structural moieties that can undergo a variety of biotransformation reactions. When studying the biotransformation of a new chemical, the first step is to examine the structure of the molecule and list the possible reaction types it could undergo and the drug metabolizing enzymes that can catalyze those reactions. This can direct the investigator to the experimental approaches best suited to study the metabolism of the new compound. In this article, drug metabolism reactions are described, organized by the chemical substituents frequently present in drug molecules. Mechanisms of these biotransformation reactions are described and illustrated with examples.
Modeling the effects of atmospheric propagation for spectral libraries of natural backgrounds (2007)

The statistics of natural backgrounds extracted from an Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral datacube collected over Fort AP Hill, VA, were used to demonstrate the effects of the two atmospheric components of a statistical end-to-end performance prediction model. New capabilities in MODTRAN<sup>TM</sup>5 were used to generate coefficients for linear transformations used in the atmospheric transmission and compensation components of a typical end-to-end model. Model radiance statistics, calculated using reflectance data, is found to be similar to the original AVIRIS radiance data. Moreover, if identical atmospheric conditions are applied in the atmospheric transmission and in the atmospheric compensation model components and the effects of sensor noise are disregarded, the resulting reflectance statistics are identical to the original reflectance statistics.
Enhancement of Antibiofilm Activity of Ciprofloxacin against &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt; by Administration of Antimicrobial Peptides (2021)

Staphylococcus aureus can develop resistance by mutation, tranfection or biofilm formation. Resistance was induced in S. aureus by growth in sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin for 30 days. The ability of the antimicrobials to disrupt biofilms was determined using crystal violet and live/dead staining. Effects on the cell membranes of biofilm cells was evaluated by measuring release of dyes and ATP and nucleic acids. S. aureus did not develop resistance to the AMPs but resistance increased to ciprofloxacin by 128 times after 30 passages. Only peptides reduced biofilms of ciprofloxacin resistant cells. The antibiofilm effect of melimine with ciprofloxacin was more (27%) than with melimine alone at 1X MIC (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Similarly, at 1X MIC the combination of Mel4 and ciprofloxacin produced more (48%) biofilm disruption than Mel4 alone (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Combinations of either of the peptides with ciprofloxacin at 2X MIC released  66 nM ATP, more than either peptide alone (p  0.005). At 2X MIC, only melimine in combination with ciprofloxacin released DNA/RNA which was 3 times more than released by melimine alone (p = 0.043). These results suggest the potential use of melimine and Mel4 with conventional antibiotics for the treatments of S. aureus biofilms.
High resolution global climate modelling; the UPSCALE project, a large simulation campaign (2014)

Abstract. The UPSCALE (UK on PRACE: weather-resolving Simulations of Climate for globAL Environmental risk) project constructed and ran an ensemble of HadGEM3 (Hadley centre Global Environment Model 3) atmosphere-only global climate simulations over the period 1985–2011, at resolutions of N512 (25 km), N216 (60 km) and N96 (130 km) as used in current global weather forecasting, seasonal prediction and climate modelling respectively. Alongside these present climate simulations a parallel ensemble looking at extremes of future climate was run, using a time-slice methodology to consider conditions at the end of this century. These simulations were primarily performed using a 144 million core hour, single year grant of computing time from PRACE (the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe) in 2012, with additional resources supplied by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) and the Met Office. Almost 400 terabytes of simulation data were generated on the HERMIT supercomputer at the high performance computing center Stuttgart (HLRS), and transferred to the JASMIN super-data cluster provided by the Science and Technology Facilities Council Centre for Data Archival (STFC CEDA) for analysis and storage. In this paper we describe the implementation of the project, present the technical challenges in terms of optimisation, data output, transfer and storage that such a project involves and include details of the model configuration and the composition of the UPSCALE dataset. This dataset is available for scientific analysis to allow assessment of the value of model resolution in both present and potential future climate conditions.
Calix[4]pyrrole-Functionalized Silica Gels: Novel Supports for the HPLC-Based Separation of Anions (2000)

The coupling of calix[4]pyrroles to silyl capped aminopropyl silica gel produces functionalized silica gels that may be used to effect the HPLC-based separation of various anionic substrates including medium length oligonucleotides under neutral, isochratic conditions.