gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHOENIX (2011)

The efficacy, tolerability, and safety of the prophylactic treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) after liver transplantation (LT) with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin are not known. LT recipients with HCV were randomized to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin treatment or observation 10 to 26 weeks post-LT. Prophylaxis patients received peginterferon alfa-2a (135 μg/week for 4 weeks and then 180 μg/week for 44 weeks) plus ribavirin (the initial dose of 400 mg/day was escalated to 1200 mg/day). Observation patients received the same regimen only upon significant HCV recurrence (histological activity index ≥ 3 and/or fibrosis score ≥ 2). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with histological evidence of significant HCV recurrence 120 weeks after randomization. In all, 115 patients were randomized (prophylaxis arm, n = 55; observation arm, n = 60). Sustained virological response was achieved by 12 of 54 prophylaxis patients (22.2%) and by 3 of 14 observation patients who switched to treatment (21.4%). On an intent-to-treat basis, significant HCV recurrence at 120 weeks was similar in the prophylaxis (61.8%) and observation arms (65.0%, P = 0.725). The patient and graft survival rates and the rates of biopsy-proven acute cellular rejection were similar in the 2 study arms. Approximately 70% of the treated patients in both arms had at least one dose reduction for safety reasons. The most common adverse event leading to treatment withdrawal was anemia. Because of the safety profile of peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin and the lack of a clear benefit in terms of HCV recurrence and patient or graft survival, this study does not support the routine use of prophylactic antiviral therapy.
Different co-ordination modes of the new, water-soluble, triphosphine PhP[CH2CH2P(CH2OH)2]2 with PtII, PdII, RhI and ReV (1998)

The water-soluble, triphosphine PhP[CH2CH2P(CH2OH)2]2 was synthesized in good yield from PhP(CH2CH2PH2)2, by formylation of P–H bonds in the presence of formaldehyde and oxygen-free ethanol. When dissolved in water, it reacted readily with [Pt(cod)]Cl2 (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene), [Pd(PhCN)2]Cl2, [{RhCl(cod)}2] and [ReO2I(PPh3)2], each in CH2Cl2, to provide complexes 1–4 of PtII, PdII, RhI and ReV respectively. All of the new compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopies. Compound 1 was further characterized by 195Pt NMR spectroscopy. The chemical constitutions of the compounds were further established by FAB mass spectrometry and elemental analysis (C and H). The results of this study demonstrate the versatility in co-ordination of the new, water-soluble, triphosphine.
Linewidth-tolerant and low-complexity two-stage carrier phase estimation using QPSK constellation transformation for 112 Gb/s PM 16-QAM systems (2014)

The performance of QPSK constellation transformation based two-stage carrier phase estimation algorithms is assessed for 16-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulation. Experimentally the linewidth tolerance of the algorithms is shown to be comparable to the blind phase search algorithm, but with a reduction in the hardware complexity by factors of about 3-8.
Study of the Behavior of Concrete under Triaxial Compression (2002)

An experimental study of the confined compression behavior of concrete has been performed using 150×300 mm cylindrical specimens subjected to hydrostatic pressure in a triaxial cell and axial loading through a servo-hydraulic testing machine. A confining stress range of 0 to 60 MPa (about twice the uniaxial compressive strength) was employed to obtain the brittle-ductile transition behavior of the material. The increase in confining pressure leads to a change in the mode of failure and an increase in the maximum axial load-carrying capacity. It is seen that, at zero or low confinement, there is distributed microcracking and several macrocracks, and the response exhibits a well-defined peak and subsequent softening. At high confinements, relatively large axial and transversal strains of over 10% have been obtained, with monotonically increasing loads leading to horizontal plateaus. There is no distributed cracking and failure occurs with the propagation of few macrocracks. In general, the observed trends confirm and extend previous results reported in the literature. Optical microscopy shows extensive microcracking, especially in the aggregates, and pore collapse at high confinement. A preliminary interpretation of the results based on the theory of elastoplasticity is also presented.
Prediction of Fatigue Lifetime in bio-ceramics (2004)

The characteristics of cyclic fatigue fracture were studied by the crack growth tests using the four-point bending method in both environments of air and water for alumina and zirconia ceramics. The effect of water environment on the fatigue lifetime was investigated. The results showed that in the case of the same stress applied, the time to fracture in water is less than that in air, and it is more remarkable for zirconia. The fatigue lifetime predictions agree qualitatively with the experimental results for cyclic fatigue of alumina and zircoriia in air and water environments, and the method of the fatigue lifetime prediction was applied to artificial hip joint.
Spatial and Temporal Considerations in Vehicle Path Tracking With an Emphasis on Spatial Robustness (2023)

This dissertation researches the task and path management of an autonomous vehicle with Ackerman-type steering. The task management problem was approached as a path training operation in which a human operator drives the desired path through an environment. A training trajectory is converted into a series of path segments that are driveable by the autonomous vehicle by first fitting a general path to the dataset. Next, transition segments are added to the general path to match the vehicle velocity and steering angle rate limit. The path management problem has been approached by first deriving a kine- matic model of the vehicle. The time domain model is expressed in the frequency domain and then converted into a spatial frequency domain. Next, a stability crite- rion is derived and used in the synthesis of a spatially-robust path controller.
An iterative Bayesian approach for liver analysis: tumors validation study (2008)

We present a new method for the simultaneous, nearly automatic segmentation of liver contours, vessels, and tumors from abdominal CTA scans. The method repeatedly applies multi-resolution, multi-class smoothed Bayesian classification followed by morphological adjustment and active contours refinement. It uses multi-class and voxel neighborhood information to compute an accurate intensity distribution function for each class. Only one user-defined voxel seed for the liver and additional seeds according to the number of tumors inside the liver are required for initialization. The algorithm do not require manual adjustment of internal parameters. In this work, a retrospective study on a validated clinical dataset totaling 20 tumors from 9 patients CTAs� was performed. An aggregated competition score of 61 was obtained on the test set of this database. In addition we measured the robustness of our algorithm to different seeds initializations. These results suggest that our method is clinically applicable, accurate, efficient, and robust to seed selection compared to manually generated ground truth segmentation and to other semi-automatic segmentation methods.
Spike Train Processing by a Silicon Neuromorph: The Role of Sublinear Summation in Dendrites (1996)

A dendritic tree, as part of a silicon neuromorph, was modeled in VLSI as a multibranched, passive cable structure with multiple synaptic sites that either depolarize or hyperpolarize local "membrane patches," thereby raising or lowering the probability of spike generation of an integrate-and-fire "soma." As expected from previous theoretical analyses, contemporaneous synaptic activation at widely separated sites on the artificial tree resulted in near-linear summation, as did neighboring excitatory and inhibitory activations. Activation of synapses of the same type close in time and space produced local saturation of potential, resulting in spike train processing capabilities not possible with linear summation alone. The resulting sublinear synaptic summation, as well as being physiologically plausible, is sufficient for a variety of spike train processing functions. With the appropriate arrangement of synaptic inputs on its dendritic tree, a neuromorph was shown to discriminate input pulse intervals and patterns, pulse train frequencies, and detect correlation between input trains.
Perfusion with Lipopolysaccharide Negative Blood Eliminates Lipopolysaccharide Induced Lung Injury (2001)

We investigated whether perfusion with control blood improves pulmonary functions compromised by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. This was an animal study in a research laboratory at a university hospital by using Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 19), each weighing 325 to 350 g. All animals were pretreated with a 24 hour infusion of either LPS (5 mg/kg) or vehicle, after which, excised lungs were reperfused for 2 hours with either LPS+ or control blood. Three groups were studied: (1) group S (n = 6); LPS pretreated lungs reperfused with LPS containing blood to mimic persistent sepsis, (2) group N (n = 6); LPS pretreated lungs reperfused with control blood to mimic the removal of the septic blood components, and (3) group C (n = 7); vehicle pretreated lungs reperfused with normal blood as a control. Blood gas exchange, shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2), and variables for lung mechanics were measured. Leukosequestration was quantified with a myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. The PO2 (mm Hg) values at 90 min after reperfusion in groups S, N, and C were 67.8 +/- 7.0*, 85.2 +/- 9.2, and 90.1 +/- 7.5, respectively (*p < 0.05; vs. group N and C). In addition to PO2, A-aDO2 and Qs/Qt significantly deteriorated in group S. MPO activity in the lungs after LPS infusion was significantly higher than that after vehicle infusion (1.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.04 units/g tissue; p < 0.001). Subsequent reperfusion with LPS+ blood (group S) increased MPO activity to 3.1 +/- 0.6 (p < 0.05), but reperfusion with normal blood (group N) caused a significant decrease to 1.1 +/- 0.2 (p < 0.05). MPO activity in group C did not significantly change compared with those after vehicle infusion. Reperfusion with control blood normalized lung function compromised by pretreatment with LPS and significantly reduced leukosequestration. These results favor the possibility that the removal of LPS+ blood components may eliminate septic lung injury.
Cleaner Machining Through a Toolholder with Internal Cooling (2011)

This work treats of a cooling system for cutting tool in turning based in a toolholder with cooling fluid flowing inside its body being that this fluid must necessarily be able to phase change due to heat generated from machining processes. In this way the fluid evaporates just under the cutting tool allowing a heat transfer more efficient than if were used a fluid without phase change once the latent heat of evaporation is beneficial for removal heat. Following, the cooling fluid evaporated passes through a condenser located out of the toolholder where it is condensated and returns to the toolholder again and a new cycle is started. In this study the R-123, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) fluid, was selected for the turning of a Cr-Ni-Nb-Mn-N austenitic steel of hard machinability. As result, the developed system allows a tool life equal to or better than the conventional cutting fluid method, moreover there are environmental and economics advantages once the cooling fluid is maintained in a loop circuit. .
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Synthetic Route to EF5. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Missense Variant E1295K of Sodium Channel SCN5A Associated With Recurrent Ventricular Fibrillation and Myocardial Inflammation (2022)

SCN5A was considered an exclusively cardiac expressed ion channel but discovered to also act as a novel innate immune sensor. We report on a young SCN5A variant carrier with recurrent ventricular fibrillation and massive myocardial inflammation whose peculiar clinical course is highly suggestive of such a dual role of SCN5A. (<b>Level of Difficulty: Advanced.</b>).
Strongly enhanced THz generation enabled by a graphene hot-carrier fast lane (2022)

Semiconductor photoconductive switches are useful and versatile emitters of terahertz (THz) radiation with a broad range of applications in THz imaging and time-domain spectroscopy. One fundamental challenge for achieving efficient ultrafast switching, however, is the relatively long carrier lifetime in most common semiconductors. To obtain picosecond ultrafast pulses, especially when coupled with waveguides/transmission lines, semiconductors are typically engineered with high defect density to reduce the carrier lifetimes, which in turn lowers the overall power output of the photoconductive switches. To overcome this fundamental trade-off, here we present a new hybrid photoconductive switch design by engineering a hot-carrier fast lane using graphene on silicon. While photoexcited carriers are generated in the silicon layer, similar to a conventional switch, the hot carriers are transferred to the graphene layer for efficient collection at the contacts. As a result, the graphene-silicon hybrid photoconductive switch emits THz fields with up to 80 times amplitude enhancement compared to its graphene-free counterpart. These results both further the understanding of ultrafast hot carrier transport in such hybrid systems and lay the groundwork toward intrinsically more powerful THz devices based on 2D-3D hybrid heterostructures.
Gradient free cooperative seeking of a moving source (2023)

In this paper, we consider the optimisation of a time varying scalar field by a network of agents with no gradient information. We propose a composite control law, blending extremum seeking with formation control in order to converge to the extrema faster by minimising the gradient estimation error. By formalising the relationship between the formation and the gradient estimation error, we provide a novel analysis to prove the convergence of the network to a bounded neighbourhood of the field’s time varying extrema. We assume the time-varying field satisfies the Polyak–Łojasiewicz inequality and the gradient is Lipschitz continuous at each iteration. Numerical studies and comparisons are provided to support the theoretical results.
The quantum efficiency of HgCdTe photodiodes in relation to the direction of illumination and to their geometry (1993)

A theoretical study of the effect of the direction of the incident light on the quantum efficiency of homogeneous HgCdTe photodiodes suitable for sensing infrared radiation in the 8-12 microns atmospheric window is presented. The probability of an excess minority carrier to reach the junction is derived as a function of its distance from the edge of the depletion region. Accordingly, the quantum efficiency of photodiodes is presented for two geometries. In the first, the light is introduced directly to the area in which it is absorbed (opaque region), while in the second, the light passes through a transparent region before it reaches the opaque region. Finally, the performance of the two types of diodes is analyzed with the objective of finding the optimal width of the absorption area. The quantum efficiency depends strongly on the way in which the light is introduced. The structure in which the radiation is absorbed following its crossing the transparent region is associated with both higher quantum efficiency and homogeneity. In addition, for absorption region widths higher than a certain minimum, the quantum efficiency in this case is insensitive to the width of the absorption region.
Effects of Differential Reflectivity, Background Interference, and Signal Fluctuations on IR Dial Measurement Accuracy* (1983)

The differential-absorption LIDAR (DIAL) technique is frequently used for the long-range remote sensing of molecular constituents in the atmosphere. This technique usually involves the measurement of the backscattered radiation at two distinct frequencies, v and v ′ ; the two frequencies are chosen such that they correspond to high- and low-absorption frequencies of the molecular species being measured. The concentration of a species in the atmosphere is deduced from the relative changes in the received backscattered LIDAR radiation as the laser frequency is changed between v and v ′ . The accuracy in the determination of the concentration of the species is affected by several factors. This paper will explore some of these factors and their influence on the accuracy of DIAL measurements.
A SoC-ZYNQ-Based SW-HW Co-Simulation and Verification Method (2019)

An architecture enabling a flexible on-board simulation and verification method for complex user-specific IPs is presented. The proposed method relies on an FPGA-SoC implementation of a golden simulation and verification model, properly optimized for simplicity and efficiency. It is designed to facilitate the integration of any VLSI-intended circuit into the FPGA-SoC board by a simple drag-and-drop fashion. Exploiting the SoC architecture of Xilinx Zynq-FPGA boards, the proposed method can also be used for SW-HW co-simulation flows by data-transferring between a Host-PC SW environment and the VLSI user's circuits. The data-exchange is based on an Ethernet connection between the host and the ARM Processor on the Zynq FPGA platform. The performance of a digital baseband transceiver system incorporating VLSI IPs of interest has been studied using the flexibility and reliability of the proposed hybrid SW-HW modelling method.
A Cell Zooming and Sleeping Algorithm for Outage Performance Improvement in Random Cellular Network (2019)

셀 주밍(cell zooming)은 기지국 송신 전력 세기를 조절함으로써 셀룰러 네트워크의 트래픽 분산과 에너지 효율 향상을 도모하는 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 셀 주밍과 절전 기법을 푸아송 보로노이 테셀레이션(Poisson Voronoi Tessellation, PVT) 랜덤 셀룰러 네트워크(random cellular network)에 적용하여 네트워크의 아웃티지 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 기지국 중심의 분산된 형태이며 작동에 적은 양의 네트워크 상태 정보만을 필요로 한다. 기지국들은 각각 사용자들에게 제공하고 있는 서비스 품질에 따라 상태 정보를 분류하고, 인접 기지국들 간의 정보 교환을 통해 셀 주밍 및 절전 기법을 적용한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안하는 알고리즘이 아웃티지 발생을 줄일 수 있음을 보여준다. 아웃티지 감소 성능은 얻고자 하는 에너지 효율개선 정도가 클수록 감소하는데, 알고리즘 적용 전과 비교하여 에너지 효율이 감소하지 않는 구간에서 최소 50%의 아웃티지 감소 성능을 보인다.
KORRIGAN1 Interacts Specifically with Integral Components of the Cellulose Synthase Machinery (2014)

Cellulose is synthesized by the so called rosette protein complex and the catalytic subunits of this complex are the cellulose synthases (CESAs). It is thought that the rosette complexes in the primary and secondary cell walls each contains at least three different non-redundant cellulose synthases. In addition to the CESA proteins, cellulose biosynthesis almost certainly requires the action of other proteins, although few have been identified and little is known about the biochemical role of those that have been identified. One of these proteins is KORRIGAN (KOR1). Mutant analysis of this protein in Arabidopsis thaliana showed altered cellulose content in both the primary and secondary cell wall. KOR1 is thought to be required for cellulose synthesis acting as a cellulase at the plasma membrane-cell wall interface. KOR1 has recently been shown to interact with the primary cellulose synthase rosette complex however direct interaction with that of the secondary cell wall has never been demonstrated. Using various methods, both in vitro and in planta, it was shown that KOR1 interacts specifically with only two of the secondary CESA proteins. The KOR1 protein domain(s) involved in the interaction with the CESA proteins were also identified by analyzing the interaction of truncated forms of KOR1 with CESA proteins. The KOR1 transmembrane domain has shown to be required for the interaction between KOR1 and the different CESAs, as well as for higher oligomer formation of KOR1.
Shape selectivity in hydrocarbon oxidations using zeolite encapsulated iron phthalocyanine catalysts (1986)

The oxidation of alkanes by iodosobenzene is catalysed by iron phthalocyanine encapsulated inside large pore zeolites NaX and NaY so that the product alcohols and ketones show an improved yield and altered selectivity as compared to the unencapsulated complex.
Spatial variability of<i>Aspergillus</i><i>flavus</i>soil populations under different crops and corn grain colonization and aflatoxins (2004)

Aflatoxin contamination in corn caused by Aspergillus flavus Link is a serious constraint on economical corn (Zea mays L.) production in the Mississippi Delta. The ecology of A. flavus was evaluated in a 3-year study assessing the spatial variability of soil populations of A. flavus in a Mississippi Delta field under different crops. A 1.07-ha section of the field was laid out in 126 9.2-m 2 plots, and soil was sampled in May 2000, March 2001, and April 2002. Aspergillus flavus populations were determined by plating on selective media, and A. flavus colonization was assessed in corn during 2000. Aspergillus flavus populations in soil were significantly (P &lt; 0.01 level) influenced by previous crop. The highest propagule density (794 cfu·g 1 ) was found following the corn crop in 2001 versus 251 cfu·g 1 soil in 2000 following cotton and 457 cfu·g 1 following wheat in 2002. Aspergillus flavus populations in 2001 and 2002 exhibited a moderate degree of spatial structure, described by spherical and exponential models, respectively, but populations in 2000 exhibited little spatial structure. Colonization of corn kernels by A. flavus in 2000 ranged from 0% to 100% (mean = 15% colonized kernels), and aflatoxin levels ranged from 0 to 1590 ppb (mean = 57 ppb). Aflatoxin levels were randomly distributed in the field and not correlated with A. flavus colonization. Aflatoxin production was found in 43% to 59% of A. flavus soil isolates with the highest incidence in soil populations following corn in 2001. However, 84% of A. flavus isolated from corn kernels produced aflatoxin. Results indicate that within a single field there was a wide range of A. flavus soil propagule densities varying in potential to produce aflatoxin.Key words: Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxins, soil, corn (Zea mays), cotton, wheat, spatial variability.
Engagement of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (α <sub>IIb</sub> β <sub>3</sub> ) on Platelets Upregulates CD40L and Triggers CD40L-Dependent Matrix Degradation by Endothelial Cells (2002)

Platelet adhesion via GP IIb/IIIa upregulates CD40L and CD62P surface exposure. Proteolytic activity of HUVEC is induced by the concerted action of beta3-integrin-mediated platelet adhesion and subsequent CD40L-induced signals in HUVECs. Effective anti-GP IIb/IIIa or anti-CD40L strategies might, therefore, contribute to plaque stabilization.
Molecular markers to characterize the hermaphroditic reproductive system of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea (2011)

Collectively, these cell-type specific markers will enable future efforts to characterize genes that are important for reproductive development in the planarian.