gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Altered sleep during spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal in male mice (2022)

Cessation of cannabinoid use in humans often leads to a withdrawal state that includes sleep disruption. Despite important health implications, little is known about how cannabinoid abstention affects sleep architecture, in part because spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal is difficult to model in animals. In concurrent work we report that repeated administration of the high-efficacy cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor agonist AM2389 to mice for 5 days led to heightened locomotor activity and paw tremor following treatment discontinuation, potentially indicative of spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal. Here, we performed parallel studies to examine effects on sleep. Using implantable electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) telemetry we examined sleep and neurophysiological measures before, during, and after 5 days of twice-daily AM2389 injections. We report that AM2389 produces decreases in locomotor activity that wane with repeated treatment, whereas discontinuation produces rebound increases in activity that persist for several days. Likewise, AM2389 initially produces profound increases in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and decreases in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, as well as consolidation of sleep. By the third AM2389 treatment, this pattern transitions to decreases in SWS and total time sleeping. This pattern persists following AM2389 discontinuation and is accompanied by emergence of sleep fragmentation. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry for hypocretin/orexin (a sleep-regulating peptide) and c-Fos (a neuronal activity marker) in lateral hypothalamus revealed decreases in c-Fos/orexin+ cells following acute AM2389 and increases following discontinuation, aligning with the sleep changes. These findings indicate that AM2389 profoundly alters sleep in mice and suggest that sleep disruption following treatment cessation reflects spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal.
Video 2 from Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear γ-Tubulin in RB1-Negative Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Video 2. Fluorescence images from a time-lapse confocal microscopy using a laser-scanning confocal microscope of a mitotic U2OS cell transiently expressing pmTurquoise2-tagged- ÃŽÂ±-tubulin (red) treated with 100 ÃŽÂ¼M CDA. Images were collected every 30 s.&lt;/p&gt;
TIME-RESOLVED AND POLARIZED EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF SINGLE-CRYSTAL [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>](PF<sub>6</sub>) (1985)

The lowest excited states of [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 single crystals are investigated by a detailed analysis of the temperature dependence of the polarized emissions (down to 1.6 K). It is possible to resolve a fine structure and to assign two different zero-phonon transitions. Further, we report on polarized and time-resolved measurements which show at 10 K a delayed emission for the [MATH]-polarization but a prompt one for [MATH]. This points to the existence of an energy barrier between the corresponding states.
Photogenotoxicity of Fluoroquinolones in Chinese Hamster V79 Cells: Dependency on Active Topoisomerase II (1999)

Abstract— The Chinese hamster V79 lung cell in vitro micronucleus assay was adapted to detect and quantify phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity of fluoroquinolones. Using this assay, the quinolones were ranked in terms of decreasing phototoxicity: clinafloxacin &gt; lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin &gt; trovafloxacin, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin &gt; enoxacin, norfloxacin. This rank order agrees well with published studies utilizing various other phototoxicity models and establishes this approach as a fast and sensitive way to characterize the phototoxic potential of quinolones. Nearly complete inhibition of phototoxicity was observed if the cells were pretreated for as little as I min with 10–20 m M sodium azide prior to the addition of quinolone. An identical azide effect was seen in unirradiated quinolone‐and etoposide‐treated cells. These findings are consistent with a model in which sodium azide renders DNA topoisomerase II catalytically inactive. In this state, topoisomerase II cannot initiate DNA strand cleavage and the DNA/topoisomerase complex becomes insensitive to quinolones and other topoisomerase II inhibitors. The fact that azide reduces both UV‐dependent and UV‐independent toxicity and clastogenicity strongly suggests a common mechanism of toxicity dependent on the formation of topoisomerase‐induced DNA double‐strand breaks.
Subscapularis Repair During Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Using a Stem-Based Double-Row Repair: Sonographic and Clinical Outcomes (2020)

Subscapularis repair using a stem-based double-row repair technique during RTSA demonstrated an overall healing rate of 83.3%, as evidenced by ultrasound examination at short-term follow-up. Integrity of subscapularis repair did not affect clinical outcome or ROM.
Yeast as a Bioremediation Nanoparticle Agent in Piggery-Digested Wastewater Treatment (2016)

The opportunity to produce algal biofuel cost-effectively from waste materials, such as piggery-digested waste, drives research to optimize piggery waste effluent as an algal growth medium. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of newly isolated wastewater-born yeast to optimize growth parameters and maximize pollutant degradation in digested wastewater bioremediation. One isolate was identified as Galactomyces geotrichum through morphological observation and DNA sequencing. Growth parameters regarding pH, temperature, and inoculum amount were optimized by orthogonal design to maximize pollutant removal. Results showed that optimal growth conditions were pH 6, 25°C, and 2.5 g mycelium pellet moisture weight. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 60% and total phosphorus (TP) reduction reached 45% under these conditions. Our observations demonstrate that pH had an overall significant effect on COD and TP reduction. More importantly, results suggested that pretreatment with locally isolated yeast is a nontoxic and ecofriendly method when compared to chemical reagents in preparing piggery waste as a medium for algal growth. This study provides a new microbial resource for removal of pollutants from piggery-digested wastewater. In this study, for the first time, algal biofuel feedstock was prepared by yeast pretreatment of undiluted and unsterilized piggery-digested waste, cost-effectively answering both energy needs and environmental concerns with a renewable resource.
Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits antigen-presenting cell function of murine splenocytes. (1992)

Recently, many investigators have studied the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich fish oil on immune function and immune disease. However, effects of dietary supplementation of fish oil or EPA on the immune system are still unclear. In the present study, the effects of EPA on antigen presentation were investigated. We have used antigen-specific helper T-cell clones that proliferate in the presence of antigen [keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)] and spleen cells as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Mice were divided into two groups and fed an experimental diet or a control diet for 4 weeks ad libitum. In mice fed the experimental diet, the arachidonic acid (AA) content of spleen cells was decreased and that of EPA and docosapentaenoic acid was increased markedly compared to those of the control diet. Dietary enrichment with EPA inhibited the ability of accessory cells to present antigen to murine helper T-cell clones. This effect was observed for two distinct helper T-cell clones, Th1 and Th2. We also examined the effects of EPA-TG emulsion on APC function. The direct addition of EPA-TG emulsion to a T-cell proliferation assay system suppressed APC function. The inhibition was proportional to the concentration of EPA-TG emulsion. Pretreatment of splenocytes with EPA-TG emulsion resulted in inhibition of APC function. Inhibition of antigen presentation by dietary supplementation with EPA might depress immune reactivity.
Role of the APP Promoter in Alzheimer's Disease: Cell Type‐Specific Expression of the β‐Amyloid Precursor Protein (2004)

One of the major hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is amyloid deposition in the brain of afflicted subjects. This tissue-specific deposition of the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) is the major characteristic of AD. Abeta is proteolytically derived from a large Abeta precursor protein (APP). An apparent overexpression of the APP gene in certain areas of the AD brain indicates that abnormalities in gene regulation might be an important factor in AD pathology. The mechanism of expression of APP in different cell types is poorly understood. To understand the contribution of different cell types, such as neuronal, glial, and epithelial cells, APP expression was studied at the message and protein levels. Levels of APP expression, both message and protein, were greater in human neuroblastoma (NB) and PC12 cells than in glial and HeLa cells. DNA transfection experiments suggest that the relative activities of different promoter regions varied according to cell type. Although the upstream regulatory element in the promoter region is necessary for activity in PC12 and HeLa cells, this is not the case for NB cells. A 30-bp proximal promoter region was found to be important for cell type-specific APP gene expression.
Demethylation of 2,4‐Dimethoxyquinolines: The Synthesis of Atanine. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
RAMBAs for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment (2009)

Abstract : This is the final report of this project. We have made excellent progress and have obtained strong data that has enable licensing of our technologies by University of Maryland, Baltimore to Cancer Research UK, London, UK and Chesapeake BioDiscovery, Baltimore, MD, USA. Our studies show that the anti-tumor activity of our lead compound, VN/14-1 is dependent on the presence of ER alpha and/or RAR alpha receptors in the breast cancer cells. We have also determined that VN/14-1 is a potent inhibitor of aromatase, and importantly, it is an exquisite inhibitor of the growth of human breast cancer cells and tumors that have become resistant to clinically used aromatase inhibitors (AI) or anti-estrogens, such as tamoxifen and faslodex. The agent could be developed for treatments of both endocrine-sensitive and endocrine-resistant breast cancers. In addition, we have also discovered that the combinations of retinoids/RAMBAs with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) or their corresponding mutual pro-drugs lead to additive/synergistic inhibition of growth of a variety of human breast cancer cells. We have also determined that although VN/14-1 doses not bind to ER alpha, it behaves as a potent antiestrogen with potent anti-uterotrophic activity. We also show that VN/14-1 is highly orally bioavailable and orally active. We have also synthesized novel mutual prodrugs of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) with enhanced anticancer activities in a variety of breast cancer cell lines. Studies supported by this grant funds has also generated data that has led to other grant funds and technologies in prostate cancer. The data has also enabled us to apply for new grant funding to tackle challenges in the development of new treatments in neuroblastoma from PRMRP.
&lt;title&gt;High-definition television for use in digital endoscopy&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

A novel digital high-definition TV (digital HDTV) system is presented which is adapted to the special characteristics of medical endoscopes. In particular, it has a quadratic image aspect ratio to accommodate round endoscopic images, furthermore, the spatial resolution is 1024 x 1024 pixels thereby approaching the diffraction limit of small endoscopes. It exhibits 24 bits true-color with an adjustable temporal resolution of up to 30 full frames per second in progressive scan. To ensure overall superior performance and high-quality image acquisition and reproduction, complex digital error correction and picture enhancing algorithms are integrated into custom ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Additionally, an improved color space transformation is performed in real-time to match the spectral characteristics of the digital camera and the viewing device, allowing for a quantitative judgement of colors. Further features include the conversion of the digital video stream to standard video norms such as Pal or NTSC for recording on analog VCRs, the calculation and evaluation of a focus criterion, which is used to perform passive, stable and reliable auto-focusing and the implementation of an automated illumination control, ensuring proper picture brightness during the whole time of operation.
Micro-mirrors connected in series for loss-mechanism study and low-voltage operation (2011)

Micro mirrors connected in series are fabricated and studied for investigating loss mechanism of rotation hinge. Three identical mirrors (center-mirror and side-mirrors) are connected by torsion bars but the torsion bars of the center-mirror are not connected to supporting points of substrate. The other sides of torsion bars of the side-mirrors are fixed to the supporting points of substrate. Since the motions of the series-mirrors are identical to a single mirror in a specific rotational mode, the loss by the supporting points is estimated by comparing their Q factors in vacuum. The Q factor of the series-mirrors is higher by about two orders than that of the single mirror. The energy loss by the supporting points is estimated. The operation voltage of the comb-drive mirror under the resonant condition in vacuum can be decreased by suppressing the loss by the supporting points although the air friction loss is dominant.
Instruction scheduling for power reduction in processor-based system design (2002)

This paper proposes an instruction scheduling technique to reduce power consumed for off-chip driving. The technique minimizes the switching activity of a data bus between an on-chip cache and a main memory when instruction cache misses occur. The scheduling problem is formulated and a scheduling algorithm is also presented. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Surfactant‐Assisted Preparation of Novel Layered Silver Bromide‐Based Inorganic/Organic Nanosheets by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Aqueous Media (2007)

Abstract A novel layered AgBr‐based inorganic/organic nanocomposite was prepared by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of Ag in aqueous media in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and the formation mechanism of two‐dimensional nanosheet was discussed. TEM observations indicate that the obtained AgBr‐based inorganic/organic nanocomposite possesses a well‐defined two‐dimensional shape and that the size of the nanosheet can be changed with the surfactant concentration in the solution. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was composed of a series of peaks that could be indexed to (00 l ) reflections of a layered structure, and the basal spacing of 20.0 Å indicated that the surfactant was included between the AgBr interlayers in an interdigitated bilayer arrangement. In contrast, a layered inorganic/organic nanocomposite cannot be formed at a CTAB concentration lower than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Based on our detailed investigation, we proposed the nanocomposite formation process, that is, that negatively charged inorganic AgBr was produced by a strong reaction between the ablated Ag species and the bromide ions, which are concurrently assembling with cationic surfactant molecules controlled by the charge‐matching mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Hemisynthesis of (20S,24R)‐20,24‐Epoxy‐3β,16β,25‐trihydroxy‐ 6‐oxo‐5α‐cholestane 16‐Acetate from Diosgenin. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of Protein Adsorption on Aggregation in Prefilled Syringes (2021)

Protein aggregate formation in prefilled syringes (PFSs) can be influenced by protein adsorption and desorption at the solid-liquid interface. Although inhibition of protein adsorption on the PFS surface can lead to a decrease in the amount of aggregation, the mechanism underlying protein adsorption-mediated aggregation in PFSs is unclear. This study investigated protein aggregation caused by protein adsorption on silicone oil-free PFS surfaces [borosilicate glass (GLS) and cycloolefin polymer (COP)] and the factors affecting the protein adsorption on the PFS surfaces. The adsorbed proteins formed multilayered structures that consisted of two distinct types of layers: proteins adsorbed on the surface of the material and proteins adsorbed on top of the proteins on the surface. A pH-dependent electrostatic interaction was the dominant force for protein adsorption on the GLS surface, while hydrophobic effects were dominant for protein adsorption on the COP surface. When the repulsion force between proteins was weak, protein adsorption on the adsorbed protein layer was increased for both materials and as a result, protein aggregation increased. Therefore, a formulation with high colloidal stability can minimize protein adsorption on the COP surface, leading to reduced protein aggregation.
Supplementary document for Probing quantum optical excitations with fast electrons - 4261774.pdf (2019)

Supplemental document
Freezing Response of Mammary Tissue: A Mathematical Study (1999)

Abstract Cryosurgery, the use of low temperatures to devitalize neoplastic tissue, has become an accepted treatment modality for many cancers such as those of the liver and prostate. Recently, the application of cryosurgery to human breast malignancies has been explored (Staren et. al, 1997, Pham and Rubinsky, 1998). Breast cancer will affect 1 in 9 women over the course of their lifetime (American Cancer Society, 1997). Although there are a wide variety of therapies available to treat this disease, the broad pathological spectrum of patients with breast cancer necessitates newer and better treatments before these numbers will decline. The composition of human mammary tissue is highly varied (age, body mass, and hormone dependent) making the application of cryosurgery to this tissue complex. Although the preponderance of breast cancer lesions occur in post-menopausal patients, women of all ages are affected by this disease. More importantly, lesions persist in all types of breast tissue. If cryosurgery is to become a viable therapy for breast cancer, it is important to understand the range of responses expected from the different tissue compositions, and, if relevant, identify the tissue types most suited to cryo-based therapies. To this end, an understanding of the response of these various classes of breast tissue to freezing can be accomplished using accurate heat and mass transfer models. Based on a review of basic human breast histology during all stages of mammary gland development, several different categories of human breast tissue were chosen for constitutional analysis. The volumetric dominance of each of the different tissue constituents was determined and then using this information, the volume-averaged thermal properties for each category calculated. A preliminary analysis, utilizing basic heat conduction equations and effective heat transfer properties, was performed to understand if, in a pure conduction sense, the various categories of breast tissue would respond differently to the same applied freezing protocol, and if so, which components were thermally most relevant. This analysis, although not completely descriptive of the physical situation occurring during an actual cryosurgery protocol, represents the first steps in determining the morphological features of mammary tissue which must be taken into consideration in future modeling efforts.
A NOVEL IMMUNOREGULATORY ROLE FOR ANTI-CD3 mAbs: DENDRITIC CELLS, PULSED WITH TUMOR CELLS AND ARMED WITH ANTI-CD3 mAbs, ARE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE IN CONSTRAINING TUMOR PROGRESSION. (1999)

815 Malignancy is a common and dreaded complication following organ transplantation and effective treatments are urgently needed. A novel immunostimulatory strategy of considerable potential for the effective treatment of neoplasia is the immunization of tumor-bearing host with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with tumor cells/peptides. Herein, we determined whether DC, pulsed with renal carcinoma cells, are efficacious in preventing tumor progression in an in-vivo tumor model in mice. In view of our earlier demonstration that anti-CD3 mAbs induce differentiation of alloimmune memory cells to secondary cytotoxic T cells as well as enhance the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, we also tested the efficacy of DC, pulsed with tumor cells and displaying anti-CD3 mAbs, in preventing tumor progression. The experimental protocol was as follows: 50,000 viable renal cancer cells were injected into the tail vein of syngeneic BALB/c mice to establish pulmonary metastases. BALB/c DC were isolated from bone-marrow cells and grown in culture medium supplemented with IL-4 and GM-CSF. On day 6, the DC were collected, co-cultured with irradiated renal cancer cells, and then treated with anti-CD3 mAbs. DC, pulsed with renal cancer cells, and conditioned with or without anti-CD3 mAbs, were administered by the subcutaneous route and tested for their ability to reduce the number of renal cell cancer pulmonary metastases. (Table)TableOur studies, in addition to identifying a novel immunoregulatory role for anti-CD3 mAbs, suggest a new immunostimulatory strategy for the treatment of malignancy, a common complication in long-term allograft recipients.
Designing Rules and Optimization of Triboelectric Nanogenerator Arrays (2021)

Abstract A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an effective means for the conversion of mechanical energy into electricity. Although Maxwell's displacement current is the underline mechanism of TENGs, the spatial and temporal variations of the electric field and electric displacement remain elusive, which prohibits an effective optimization of the energy conversion process. Here, the electric field distribution and energy dynamics of TENGs is determined using 3D mathematical modeling. The electrical energies stored in TENGs and extracted into the external circuit are calculated quantitatively whereby the ratio of the two, defined as the output efficiency, is obtained. Then, the power density and energy density of TENGs are defined. Utilizing the principle of virtual work, the minimum required external force–time relationship is evaluated. The influence of device parameters, geometry, and optimum conditions are discussed systematically so as to determine general optimization guidelines for TENGs. In addition, although the fringing electric field is practically inevitable, adjustments of the gap distance between neighboring TENG devices to assure that an optimized fringing electric field is “leaked”, is demonstrated to lead to improvement in a TENG array. Then, for the first time, this work presents universal design rules and holistic optimization strategies for the network structure of TENGs.
Microsequence analysis of biologically active proteins and peptides (1977)

Despite impressive advances in techniques for sequence analysis of nucleic acids, direct sequencing of proteins will continue tobe reqliired in many areas of biological research.
Le réglage par algorithmes évolutionnaires des implants cochléaire (2008)

International audience
LIFEGUARD (2012)

The Internet was designed to always find a route if there is a policy-compliant path. However, in many cases, connectivity is disrupted despite the existence of an underlying valid path. The research community has focused on short-term outages that occur during route convergence. There has been less progress on addressing avoidable long-lasting outages. Our measurements show that long-lasting events contribute significantly to overall unavailability.