gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Glycerol to Alkyl-aromatics over Zeolites (2010)

Catalytic conversion of glycerol to gasoline-range alkyl-aromatics has been investigated on a series of zeolites (HZSM-5, HY, Mordenite, and HZSM-22) at 300−400 °C and atmospheric pressure or 2 MPa. Although propenal (acrolein) is the major primary glycerol dehydration product over all zeolites, the pore structure of the zeolite plays a significant role on the final product distribution. The major products over one-dimensional zeolites Mordenite and HZSM-22 are oxygenates (propenal, acetol, and heavy oxygenates) without aromatic formation. HZSM-22 is suitable for the production of acrolein with 86% yield at 100% glycerol conversion. However, it is found that glycerol can be converted to high yields of alkyl-aromatics, mainly C8−C10 over three-dimensional HY and HZSM-5. A longer contact time, higher temperatures, and higher pressures favor the formation of aromatics, with a maximum yield of 60% over HZSM-5. A two-bed configuration with a deoxygenation/hydrogenation catalyst (Pd/ZnO) as the first bed and HZSM-5 as the second bed can further increase the alkyl-aromatic yield. The mono-functional oxygenates produced by the first bed were oligomerized and aromatized into gasoline-range alkyl-aromatics over the second bed.
Reverse Electrodialysis-Assisted Solar Water Splitting (2017)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides an attractive route for large-scale solar energy storage, but issues surrounding the efficiency and the stability of photoelectrode materials impose serious restrictions on its advancement. In order to relax one of the photoelectrode criteria, the band gap, a promising strategy involves complementing the conventional PEC setup with additional power sources. Here we introduce a new concept: solar water splitting combined with reverse electrodialysis (RED). RED is a membrane-based power generation technology that produces an electrochemical potential difference from a salinity gradient. In this study, the RED stack serves not only as a separator, but also as an additional tunable power source to compensate for the limited voltage produced by the photoelectrode. A hybrid system, composed of a single-junction p-Si and a RED stack, successfully enables solar water splitting without the need for an external bias. This system provides flexibility in photoelectrode material selection.
Unprecedented enhancement of recombinant protein production in sugarcane culms using a combinatorial promoter stacking system (2020)

Plants represent a safe and cost-effective platform for producing high-value proteins with pharmaceutical properties; however, the ability to accumulate these in commercially viable quantities is challenging. Ideal crops to serve as biofactories would include low-input, fast-growing, high-biomass species such as sugarcane. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient expression system to enable large-scale production of high-value recombinant proteins in sugarcane culms. Bovine lysozyme (BvLz) is a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial enzyme used in the food, cosmetics and agricultural industries. Here, we report a novel strategy to achieve high-level expression of recombinant proteins using a combinatorial stacked promoter system. We demonstrate this by co-expressing BvLz under the control of multiple constitutive and culm-regulated promoters on separate expression vectors and combinatorial plant transformation. BvLz accumulation reached 1.4% of total soluble protein (TSP) (10.0 mg BvLz/kg culm mass) in stacked multiple promoter:BvLz lines, compared to 0.07% of TSP (0.56 mg/kg) in single promoter:BvLz lines. BvLz accumulation was further boosted to 11.5% of TSP (82.5 mg/kg) through event stacking by re-transforming the stacked promoter:BvLz lines with additional BvLz expression vectors. The protein accumulation achieved with the combinatorial promoter stacking expression system was stable in multiple vegetative propagations, demonstrating the feasibility of using sugarcane as a biofactory for producing high-value proteins and bioproducts.
The impact of air pollution and weather on cardiovascular events: The importance of time scale and historical air quality improvement (2020)

status: Published
Advanced Control Strategies for IGCC Plants with Membrane Reactors for CO<sub>2</sub>Capture (2017)

This chapter focuses on the implementation of model predictive control (MPC) strategies to integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants with water gas shift membrane reactors (WGS-MR) for carbon capture. Two MPC algorithms of different levels of complexity are analyzed: a linear dynamic matrix control (DMC) and a nonlinear MPC method. A systems-level nonlinear model of the IGCC plant with the WGS-MR is presented and two scenarios of operation representing power demand change and fossil fuel disturbance are considered. The closed-loop simulation results indicate that both linear and nonlinear MPC controllers can satisfy the setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection on power control demands of the two scenarios. Compared to DMC, the nonlinear MPC shows improved performance including smoother transitions with much shorter response times.
Energy Storage And Return From Footwear And Biological Structures While Running (2022)

Energy Storage and Return from Footwear and Biological Structures While Running Extraordinary performances have been achieved by runners using advanced footwear. Previous research has found energetically favorable changes in biological joint kinetics while running in such footwear. However, there is limited research that also quantifies footwear kinetics during running. PURPOSE: To compare energy storage and return from footwear and biological structures while running in shoes of varying constructions. METHODS: Fifteen male runners ran in a motion analysis lab while kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected. Three footwear conditions of varying construction were evaluated (Shoe A, B, C). Shoe A had the greatest midsole compliance and longitudinal bending stiffness. Hip, knee, and ankle joint powers were computed using inverse dynamics to evaluate the mechanical work at biological joints. Distal rearfoot power was computed to evaluate the net mechanical work from the biological foot and footwear structures (Foot + Footwear). Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for between footwear comparisons. RESULTS: Negative Foot + Footwear work (energy storage) was significantly greater in Shoe A (0.29 ± 0.07 J/kg) than Shoe B (0.21 ± 0.06 J/kg, p < 0.001), but not Shoe C (0.26 ± 0.08 J/kg, p = 0.055). Positive Foot + Footwear work (energy return) was significantly greater in Shoe A (0.30 ± 0.09 J/kg) than both other shoes (Shoe B: 0.19 ± 0.08 J/kg, p = 0.001; Shoe C: 0.15 ± 0.07 J/kg, p < 0.001). Positive ankle work was significantly lower in Shoe A (0.61 ± 0.08 J/kg) than both other shoes (Shoe B: 0.68 ± 0.09 J/kg, p < 0.001; Shoe C: 0.67 ± 0.06 J/kg, p = 0.003). Hip and knee work were not significantly different between shoe conditions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Understanding how advanced footwear stores and returns energy during running may explain the reduction in work required by biological structures and resulting increased performance. Supported by Li-Ning.
Quantitative evaluation of the effect of visually-induced motion sickness using causal coherence function between blood pressure and heart rate (2005)

To evaluate the effect of visually-induced motion sickness on the human, blood pressure variability (BP) and heart rate variability (HR) of 51 normal subjects watching a 15min-long video image taken by a vibrating handy camera were analyzed. Not only coherence function (K/sup 2/) between BP and HR but also two causal coherence functions: K/sup 2//sub BP-->HR/ from BP to HR and K/sup 2//sub HR-->BP/ from HR to BP were introduced to divide causal linearity of the cardiovascular system regarded as a closed-loop system. K/sup 2/ represents total linearity of the system. K/sup 2//sub BP-->HR/ and K/sup 2//sub HR-->BP/ correspond to the baroreflex system and the mechanical hemodynamics, respectively. The results revealed that K/sup 2//sub BP-->HR/ at the Mayer wave-band (around 0.1 Hz) of the subjects prone to motion sickness decreased gradually and was significantly lower than that of the subjects not prone to in later scenes. This result has never been obtained from conventional methods dealing with a cardiovascular system as an open-loop system.
A Linear Technique for Discrimination of Optically Coded Waveforms Using Optical Frequency Combs (2012)

We have demonstrated a coherent-detection architecture for an OCDMA system using only linear optical devices that successfully distinguishes between different users at record-low average power levels of ~30μW.
Adaptive management control for Urea-SCR system of clean diesel vehicle (2014)

A Urea-SCR system can significantly reduce the tailpipe-out nitrogen oxide (NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) of a diesel engine vehicle. However, future emission legislations in Europe and U.SA require the Urea-SCR system both to improve NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> conversion efficiency and to suppress ammonia(NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> )-slip at the same time. The robustness of the management control of the Urea-SCR system has to be significantly improved in regard to the part-to-part variations of Urea-solution injector and the aging effect of a SCR catalyst. Consequently, the management control was composed of a feedforward controller, a NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> storage controller and a feedback controller using an NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> sensor located downstream of the SCR catalyst, and a unique adaptive algorithm was applied to improve the robustness of the management control. As a result, it could improve the robustness of NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> conversion efficiency, and reduce NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> to the lower level than emission legislations' requirement while keeping NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -slip at slight level.
Thyrotropin-Induced Elevation of 1,2-Diacylglycerol and Stimulation of Growth of FRTL-5 Cells Are Not Dependent on Inositol Lipid Hydrolysis* (1990)

We reported that TSH, which stimulates cAMP accumulation and proliferation of FRTL-5 thyroid cells, chronically increases the 1,2-diacylglycerol (1,2-DG) content of FRTL-5 cells. Because activation of inositol lipid hydrolysis by a phospholipase-C enzyme would generate 1,2-DG, we compared the effects of TSH on inositol lipid metabolism to TSH-induced increases in 1,2-DG content and stimulation of cAMP accumulation and cell growth. Acute stimulation of inositol lipid hydrolysis did not occur with doses of 1000 microU/ml or lower, but did occur with TSH doses of 3000 microU/ml and higher, with rates between 1-4%/h. More importantly, in cells chronically exposed to TSH, the rate of inositol lipid hydrolysis was increased only at TSH doses of 10,000 microU/ml or greater, and the maximum rate was 4-5%/h. When cells were growth arrested by TSH deprivation, there was no change in the content of inositol phosphates or polyphosphoinositides. In contrast to the high doses of TSH required to stimulate inositol lipid hydrolysis, TSH-induced elevation of 1,2-DG content and stimulation of cAMP accumulation and growth occurred at physiological TSH concentrations, with minimal effective doses in the range of 1-10 microU TSH/ml, and half-maximally effective doses between 50-200 microU TSH/ml. These data suggest that inositol lipid hydrolysis does not mediate the proliferative response to TSH in FRTL-5 cells and is not the mechanism by which increases in 1,2-DG content occur at physiological TSH concentrations.
Aqueous Oxygen for Treatment of ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2014)

Uncorrected tissue hypoxia during postinfarction myocardial reperfusion may contribute to progressive microvascular injury and infarct expansion. Attenuation of low microvascular flow hypoxia is achievable with supersaturated oxygen therapy, wherein aqueous oxygen is infused into arterial blood. Experimental studies have shown a marked reduction in infarct size and improvement in left ventricular function, with doubling of microvascular flow. Clinical studies of supersaturated oxygen/aqueous oxygen in anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients reperfused within 6 hours of symptom onset have shown a significant reduction in infarct size and favorable effects on left ventricle remodeling and function.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Antimony and its Compounds Using Dechlorosilylation Reactions of Tris(triethylsilyl)antimony (2010)

For the first time an element other than a metal was deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Pure and conformal thin films of elemental antimony were prepared by ALD using SbCl3 and (Et3Si)3Sb as precursors. In situ reaction mechanism studies showed that the dehalosilylation reactions involved are very efficient in eliminating the ligands from the growing surface enabling the use of low growth temperatures down to 95 °C. Various antimony compounds, such as GeSb, Sb2Te, GaSb, and AlSb, can also be deposited by reacting (Et3Si)3Sb with other metal halides or mixing Sb growth cycles with other ALD processes. The new antimony ALD process is a major step in the realization of non-volatile phase change random access memories (PCRAM) and ALD of III−V compounds.
Identification of Amino Acids in the Human Tetherin Transmembrane Domain Responsible for HIV-1 Vpu Interaction and Susceptibility (2010)

Tetherin, also known as BST-2/CD317/HM1.24, is an antiviral cellular protein that inhibits the release of HIV-1 particles from infected cells. HIV-1 viral protein U (Vpu) is a specific antagonist of human tetherin that might contribute to the high virulence of HIV-1. In this study, we show that three amino acid residues (I34, L37, and L41) in the transmembrane (TM) domain of human tetherin are critical for the interaction with Vpu by using a live cell-based assay. We also found that the conservation of an additional amino acid at position 45 and two residues downstream of position 22, which are absent from monkey tetherins, are required for the antagonism by Vpu. Moreover, computer-assisted structural modeling and mutagenesis studies suggest that an alignment of these four amino acid residues (I34, L37, L41, and T45) on the same helical face in the TM domain is crucial for the Vpu-mediated antagonism of human tetherin. These results contribute to the molecular understanding of human tetherin-specific antagonism by HIV-1 Vpu.
Antigen experienced and memory T cell correlates of protection in peripheral blood following administration of a whole parasite blood stage malaria vaccine (P4479) (2013)

Abstract One of the greatest obstacles to a malaria vaccine is the lack of peripheral blood correlates of protection for all candidate vaccines. We have developed a novel vaccine using chemically attenuated parasitized erythrocytes. Plasmodium chabaudi ring stages were treated in vitro with seco-cyclopropylpyrroloindole (CPI) analogs which bind parasite DNA. Mice were immunized and protection was assessed. T cell phenotypes in peripheral blood were monitored utilizing CD11a+ and CD49d+ as markers of antigen experienced T cells as well as additional memory markers and intracellular cytokine staining. Specific antibodies were assessed but were undetectable. Mice that received three vaccinations were all strongly protected when challenged 113 days after last vaccination. However, only some mice that received a single dose of vaccine were protected. We observed a direct correlation between levels of CD11a+CD49d+ cells at day 21 post vaccination and subsequent protection, for CD4+ (r2=0.704, p=0.002) and CD8+ (r2=0.888, p=0.005) T cells. Immunity was abrogated if CD4+ T cells were depleted prior to challenge. Subsequently, we have observed generation of effector memory cells in blood and the boosting of CD4+CD49d+CD11a+ cells with a second and third dose of vaccination. We have also detected IFNγ positive CD4 and CD8 T cells in response to vaccination. Additional experiments are being performed to better understand the immune phenotype and properties of these T cells.
Qualidade do pequi submetido ao cozimento após congelamento por diferentes métodos e tempos de armazenamento (2010)

O pequi um fruto do Cerrado, de alto valor nutricional e potencial econômico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do pequi cozido após ter sido submetido a diferentes métodos de congelamento e tempos de armazenamento. Os frutos, oriundos de Bocaiúva, Norte de Minas Gerais, foram selecionados, lavados, sanificados, descascados, branqueados, resfriados, embalados em sacos de polietileno, selados a vácuo, em parcelas de 300g, submetidos ao congelamento por ar estático e por ar forado e armazenados em congelador (-18ºC ±2ºC) por seis meses. A cada dois meses (0, 2, 4 e 6 meses), os frutos foram analisados após cozimento, em água, por 20 minutos (300g . L-1), em panelas de aço inox. As seguintes análises foram realizadas: microscopia eletrônica de varredura, firmeza, umidade, cor (L*, h* e C*), carotenoides totais, β-caroteno e vitamina C. Houve diferença significativa entre os dois métodos de congelamento apenas para as variáveis vitamina C e β-caroteno. As demais variáveis sofreram influência apenas do fator tempo de armazenamento. Conclui-se que o pequi cozido após congelamento é influenciado mais pelo tempo de armazenamento do que pelo método de congelamento, sendo o congelamento eficiente para preservação da qualidade desse fruto.
Suppression of Interferon-Induced Antiviral Activity in Cells Expressing Hepatitis C Virus Proteins (2000)

To elucidate the mechanism of the persistent nature of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we examined whether the expression of HCV proteins affect the antiviral activity of interferon (IFN). Antiviral activity of IFN in HepG2 cells expressing all HCV (type 1b) proteins was much lower than vector control (VC) HepG2 cells when encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was used as a challenge virus. Lesser sensitivity to IFN was also observed in cells expressing NS3, NS4, and NS5 and in cells expressing only NS5A. In contrast, HepG2 cells expressing core, E1, E2, NS2, and NS3 proteins were equally sensitive to IFN as VC cells. We then tested the antiviral activity by IFN in two human amnion-derived FL cell lines expressing NS5A from two different clones, one with an intact sequence of IFN sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) and the other with a mutated ISDR sequence. They were almost equally insensitive to IFN treatment when EMCV was challenged. HCV thus has functional protein(s), possibly NS5A, to suppress IFN-induced antiviral activity and plays an important role in virus-cell interaction and regulation of viral replication.
Microfluidically-tunedminiaturized planar microwave resonators (2014)

This paper presents two frequency tuning techniques, applied to planar microwave lumped LC and CPW resonators. Both methods are based on employing the reactive loading effect of a fluid metal placed on top of planar microwave circuits. The frequency tuning is achieved by moving the fluid metal inside the micro-channel and on top of different sections of each resonator. Realization of tunable resonators using common PCB technology and PDMS structure is demonstrated. The metal fluidic used is a non-toxic eutectic alloy of Gallium, Indium, and Tin known as Galinstan. Two implemented prototypes are measured and tuning ranges of 1.45–2.35 GHz and 2.8–3.9 GHz are achieved for lumped LC and CPW resonators, respectively.
Hypoxia-Regulated Overexpression of Soluble VEGFR2 Controls Angiogenesis and Inhibits Tumor Growth (2013)

VEGFs are found at high levels in hypoxic tumors. As major components directing pathologic neovascularization, they regulate stromal reactions. Consequently, novel strategies targeting and inhibiting VEGF overproduction upon hypoxia offer considerable potential for modern anticancer therapies controlling rather than destroying tumor angiogenesis. Here, we report the design of a vector expressing the soluble form of VEGF receptor-2 (sVEGFR2) driven by a hypoxia-responsive element (HRE)-regulated promoter. To enable in vivo imaging by infrared visualization, mCherry and IFP1.4 coding sequences were built into the vector. Plasmid construction was validated through transfection into embryonic human kidney HEK293 and murine B16F10 melanoma cells. sVEGFR2 was expressed in hypoxic conditions only, confirming that the gene was regulated by the HRE promoter. sVEGFR2 was found to bind efficiently and specifically to murine and human VEGF-A, reducing the growth of tumor and endothelial cells as well as impacting angiogenesis in vitro. The hypoxia-conditioned sVEGFR2 expression was shown to be functional in vivo: Tumor angiogenesis was inhibited and, on stable transfection of B16F10 melanoma cells, tumor growth was reduced. Enhanced expression of sVEGFR2 was accompanied by a modulation in levels of VEGF-A. The resulting balance reflected the effect on tumor growth and on control of angiogenesis. A concomitant increase of intratumor oxygen tension also suggested an influence on vessel normalization. The possibility to express an angiogenesis regulator as sVEGFR2, in a hypoxia-conditioned manner, significantly opens new strategies for tumor vessel-controlled normalization and the design of adjuvants for combined cancer therapies.
Therapeutic cell engineering: designing programmable synthetic genetic circuits in mammalian cells (2021)

Cell therapy approaches that employ engineered mammalian cells for on-demand production of therapeutic agents in the patient's body are moving beyond proof-of-concept in translational medicine. The therapeutic cells can be customized to sense user-defined signals, process them, and respond in a programmable and predictable way. In this paper, we introduce the available tools and strategies employed to design therapeutic cells. Then, various approaches to control cell behaviors, including open-loop and closed-loop systems, are discussed. We also highlight therapeutic applications of engineered cells for early diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in the clinic and in experimental disease models. Finally, we consider emerging technologies such as digital devices and their potential for incorporation into future cell-based therapies.