gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Elekta VersaHD using the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system for photon beams: A single‐institution experience (2019)

The aim of this study was to report a single-institution experience and commissioning data for Elekta VersaHD linear accelerators (LINACs) for photon beams in the Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS). Two VersaHD LINACs equipped with 160-leaf collimators were commissioned. For each energy, the percent-depth-dose (PDD) curves, beam profiles, output factors, leaf transmission factors and dosimetric leaf gaps (DLGs) were acquired in accordance with the AAPM task group reports No. 45 and No. 106 and the vendor-supplied documents. The measured data were imported into Eclipse TPS to build a VersaHD beam model. The model was validated by creating treatment plans spanning over the full-spectrum of treatment sites and techniques used in our clinic. The quality assurance measurements were performed using MatriXX, ionization chamber, and radiochromic film. The DLG values were iteratively adjusted to optimize the agreement between planned and measured doses. Mobius, an independent LINAC logfile-based quality assurance tool, was also commissioned both for routine intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) QA and as a secondary check for the Eclipse VersaHD model. The Eclipse-generated VersaHD model was in excellent agreement with the measured PDD curves and beam profiles. The measured leaf transmission factors were less than 0.5% for all energies. The model validation study yielded absolute point dose agreement between ionization chamber measurements and Eclipse within ±4% for all cases. The comparison between Mobius and Eclipse, and between Mobius and ionization chamber measurements lead to absolute point dose agreement within ±5%. The corresponding 3D dose distributions evaluated with 3%global/2mm gamma criteria resulted in larger than 90% passing rates for all plans. The Eclipse TPS can model VersaHD LINACs with clinically acceptable accuracy. The model validation study and comparisons with Mobius demonstrated that the modeling of VersaHD in Eclipse necessitates further improvement to provide dosimetric accuracy on par with Varian LINACs.
High-energy fiber power amplifier for broadband beam smoothing with FM-modulated laser pulses on OMEGA (2004)

We report on the performance of a large-mode-area, Yb-doped fiber power amplifier (FPA) system amplifying broadband FM-modulated pulses at 1053 nm. A two-stage amplifier produces nearly diffraction-limited output with pulse energies of up to 270 µJ.
Risk-adapted targeted intraoperative radiotherapy versus whole-breast radiotherapy for breast cancer: 5-year results for local control and overall survival from the TARGIT-A randomised trial (2013)

University College London Hospitals (UCLH)/UCL Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, UCLH Charities, National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme, Ninewells Cancer Campaign, National Health and Medical Research Council, and German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
A conserved tyrosine residue (Y601) in transmembrane domain 5 of the human thyrotropin receptor serves as a molecular switch to determine G‐protein coupling (1998)

In the human thyroid, the wild-type thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) couples to adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C and constitutively increases intracellular cAMP levels. The first human TSHR sequence submitted differs from subsequently cloned wild-type receptors by an exchange of a conserved Y residue within transmembrane domain 5 (TM5) for an H residue. We did not detect the Y601H mutant in 263 European individuals, but confirmed the homozygous occurrence of TSHR-Y601. Expression of TSHR-Y601H in COS-7 cells revealed a loss of constitutive cAMP production and selective lack of TSH-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis, whereas agonist-induced cAMP formation remained unaltered. Analysis of several mutant receptors (Y601A, Y601D, Y601F, Y601K, Y601P, Y601S, Y601W, Y601Delta) did not show restoration of constitutive activity and dual signaling, thus suggesting a functional role of a properly spaced hydroxyl group at position 601. Molecular modeling revealed that the formation of a hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group of Y601 in TM5 and the carbonyl oxygen of A623 in the peptide backbone of TM6 is critical for the receptor to adopt active conformations that impart wild-type signaling properties. Our findings indicate that multiple active receptor states underlie coupling of a G-protein-coupled receptor to different G-proteins.
Systematic Analysis of Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction with Various Reaction Parameters using Combinatorial Reactors (2016)

Applying combinatorial technology to electrochemical CO2 reduction offers a broad range of possibilities for optimizing the reaction conditions. In this work, the CO2 pressure, stirring speed, and reaction temperature were varied to investigate the effect on the rate of CO2 supply to copper electrode and the associated effects on reaction products, including CH4. Experiments were performed in a 0.5 M KCl solution using a combinatorial screening reactor system consisting of eight identical, automatically controlled reactors. Increasing the CO2 pressure and stirring speed, or decreasing the temperature, steadily suppressed H2 production and increased the production of other reaction products including CH4 across a broad range of current densities. Our analysis shows that the CO2 pressure, stirring speed, and reaction temperature independently contributed to the limiting rate of CO2 supply to the electrode (Jlim). At a constant temperature, the limiting current density of CH4 increased proportionally with Jlim, illustrating that the production rate of CH4 was proportional to CO2 supply. Varying the CO2 pressure and stirring speed hardly affected the maximum Faradaic efficiency of CH4 production. However, changes to the reaction temperature showed a significant contribution to CH4 selectivity. This study highlights the importance of quantitative analysis of CO2 supply in clarifying the role of various reaction parameters and understanding more comprehensively the selectivity and reaction rate of electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Plastic and metal additive manufacturing technologies for microwave passive components up to<i>Ka</i>band (2018)

Abstract This paper illustrates the different possibilities given by additive manufacturing technologies for the creation of passive microwave hardware. The paper more specifically highlights a prototyping scheme where the 3D-printed plastic parts can be used as initial proofs of concept before considering more advanced 3D-printed parts (metal parts, for instance). First, a characterization campaign has been made on common plastics used by a 3D printer using the fused deposition modeling and material jetting (Polyjet © ) technologies. The impact of the manufacturing strategy (high-speed or high-accuracy) on the part roughness, as well as on the dielectric material permittivity and loss tangent, has been specifically studied at 10 and 16 GHz. Based on a specifically optimized and deeply explained characterization method, the conductivity of a coating based on silver paint has also been characterized on such plastic parts at 10 and 40 GHz. These plastic materials and coating have been used for the creation of quasi-elliptic and tuning-free bandpass filters centered at 6 and 12 GHz and compared with a similar filter made of stainless steel by selective laser melting. Finally, a compact rectangular TE 10 to circular TE 01 mode converter also undergoes one prototyping step out of plastic before moving to an advanced part made out of stainless steel. This mode converter, which is made in a single part, is designed to operate from 28 to 36 GHz as a tuning-free final demonstrator.
BLAST-TNG: A Next Generation Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Polarimeter (2017)

Measurements of polarized thermal dust emission can be used to map magnetic fields in the interstellar medium. Recently, BLASTPol, the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry, has published the most detailed map ever made of a giant molecular cloud forming high-mass stars. I will present an overview of The Next Generation BLAST polarimeter (BLAST-TNG), the successor telescope to BLASTPol, which maps linearly polarized dust emission at 250, 350 and 500 μm. BLAST-TNG utilizes a 2.5-meter carbon-fiber primary mirror that illuminates focal plane arrays containing over 3,000 microwave kinetic inductance detectors. This new polarimeter has an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed and resolution compared to BLASTPol and we expect to make over 500,000 measurements of magnetic field orientation per flight. BLAST-TNG will have the sensitivity to map entire molecular cloud complexes as well as regions of diffuse high Galactic latitude dust. It also has the resolution (FWHM = 25’’ at 250 μm) necessary to trace magnetic fields in prestellar cores and dense filaments. BLAST-TNG will thus provide a crucial link between the low resolution Planck all-sky maps and the detailed but narrow field of view polarimetry capabilities of ALMA. For our first Antarctic flight in December 2017 we are putting out a call for shared-risk proposals to fill 25% of the available science time. In addition, BLAST-TNG data will be publicly released within a year of the publication of our first look papers, leaving a large legacy data set for the study of the role played by magnetic fields in the star formation process and the properties of interstellar dust.
Optimal Power Flow Solutions Using Algorithm Success History Based Adaptive Differential Evolution with Linear Population Reduction (2018)

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the highly non-linear, complex and challenging optimization problems in power system. The steady state parameters of an electrical network are determined in the process of solving OPF such that if recommended settings are followed, the operation of the network becomes economical and efficient. During earlier days, primary objective of OPF was minimization of fuel or generation cost. Due to growing importance on greenhouse gas emissions, power quality and system losses, numerous evolutionary algorithms (EAs) had been tried in the last couple of decades with several other objectives of OPF. This paper solves OPF with single objectives of minimizing fuel cost, emission and real power loss in the system. In addition, voltage stability enhancement is also set as an objective. Penalty function approach is adopted to deal with the system constraints which must be satisfied during the process of optimization. A state-of-the-art form of differential evolution (DE) algorithm, called L-SHADE, applied in solving the problem of OPF with different objectives. Success history-based parameter adaptation technique of DE is termed as SHADE. L-SHADE improves the performance of SHADE by linearly reducing the population size in successive generations. The algorithm is tested on standard IEEE 30-bus test system. Simulation results are analyzed and compared with some of the recent studies.
Transcellular transport of cobalamin in aortic endothelial cells (2018)

Cobalamin [Cbl (or B<sub>12</sub>)] deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia and a variety of neuropathies. However, homeostatic mechanisms of cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) and other Cbls by vascular endothelial cells are poorly understood. Herein, we describe our investigation into whether cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) perform transcytosis of B<sub>12</sub>, namely, the complex formed between serum transcobalamin and B<sub>12</sub>, designated as holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC). We show that cultured BAECs endocytose [<sup>57</sup>Co]-CNCbl-TC (source material) via the CD320 receptor. The bound Cbl is transported across the cell both via exocytosis in its free form, [<sup>57</sup>Co]-CNCbl, and via transcytosis as [<sup>57</sup>Co]-CNCbl-TC. Transcellular mobilization of Cbl occurred in a bidirectional manner. A portion of the endocytosed [<sup>57</sup>Co]-CNCbl was enzymatically processed by methylmalonic aciduria combined with homocystinuria type C (cblC) with subsequent formation of hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and adenosylcobalamin, which were also transported across the cell in a bidirectional manner. This demonstrates that transport mechanisms for Cbl in vascular endothelial cells do not discriminate between various β-axial ligands of the vitamin. Competition studies with apoprotein- and holo-TC and holo-intrinsic factor showed that only holo-TC was effective at inhibiting transcellular transport of Cbl. Incubation of BAECs with a blocking antibody against the extracellular domain of the CD320 receptor inhibited uptake and transcytosis by ∼40%. This study reveals that endothelial cells recycle uncommitted intracellular Cbl for downstream usage by other cell types and suggests that the endothelium is self-sufficient for the specific acquisition and subsequent distribution of circulating B<sub>12</sub> via the CD320 receptor. We posit that the endothelial lining of the vasculature is an essential component for the maintenance of serum-tissue homeostasis of B<sub>12</sub>.-Hannibal, L., Bolisetty, K., Axhemi, A., DiBello, P. M., Quadros, E. V., Fedosov, S., Jacobsen, D. W. Transcellular transport of cobalamin in aortic endothelial cells.
Passive <i>Q</i>-switch at 1.53 μm using divalent uranium ions in calcium fluoride (1995)

Using a U2+:CaF2 passive Q-switch for the Er:glass laser, 20 ns, 3 mJ pulses were obtained. This is the shortest duration passive Q-switched pulse obtained for this laser without intracavity focusing and without optical damage. The measured U2+:CaF2 absorption cross section and relaxation lifetime are compared with those of U2+:SrF2 and U2+:BaF2.
Novel Frequency-Splitting SWIPT for Overcoming Amplifier Nonlinearity (2020)

In this letter, we propose a novel simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) scheme, namely the frequency-splitting (FS) SWIPT, which separates the power and data signals in the frequency domain. The proposed FS SWIPT scheme is advantageous in that it can maximize the efficiency of the high power amplifier (HPA) in the transmitter and reduce the harmonic distortion caused by the nonlinearity of the HPA. We design a receiver circuit for the FS SWIPT by using a circulator and filters. We analyze the FS and conventional power-splitting (PS) SWIPT schemes in consideration of the nonlinearity of the HPA. We show that the proposed FS SWIPT greatly outperforms the PS SWIPT in terms of the harvested power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of tert‐Butyl Ester of N‐Protected Amino Acids with tert‐Butyl Bromide. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SNAPPY (2021)

Compared to full virtualization, containerization reduces virtualization overhead and resource usage, offers reduced deployment latency and improves reusability. For these reasons, containerization is massively used in an increasing number of applications.
Spin switching in electronic devices based on 2D assemblies of spin-crossover nanoparticles (2014)

In this communication we study the transport properties of two-dimensional assemblies of [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) spin-crossover nanoparticles (NPs) with two different morphologies. The NPs have been synthesized made in a similar manner than in our previous study in which single NPs were measured. We prepared free-standing self-assembled monolayer sheets of both SCO NPs formed at the air/liquid interface on holey carbon TEM grids to extract their global arrangement and NP size distributions by STEM-HAADF technique. The SCO NP systems present a rod-like shape and possess two different volumes, corresponding to lengths of 25 nm and 44 nm along the rod direction and average diameters of 10 nm and 6 nm respectively. In a similar manner, sheets of SCO NPs with the two different morphologies were electrically measured by contacting them on pre-patterned gold electrodes substrates. For both NP morphologies, a thermal hysteresis loop in the electrical conductance near room temperature was observed, which was correlated to their morphologies and 2D organization. The most remarkable result was the observation of an unprecedented large change in the electrical conductance of the two spin states, increasing by up to two orders of magnitude in the 2D assemblies of spin-crossover NPs. This value is significantly larger than that obtained in single-NP measurements (~ 3). Although such large conductance changes are not fully understood, our results point at important contributions from its size/morphology-dependence at the nanoscale.
X-Ray Diffraction from Mesophases of Some Stilbazole Complexes of Silver(I); Monodomain Determination of a Thermotropic Cubic Phase (1995)

A family of mesomorphic bis(alkoxystilbazole) silver(I) dodecylsulphate and octylsulphate complexes has been studied by X-ray scattering in their various mesophases. In particular, many of the complexes exhibit a thermotropic cubic mesophase and, for one example, a monodomain was obtained allowing the space group to be unequivocally identified. A model for the formation of these cubic phases is proposed.
Variability of color doppler imaging parameters and consequences for sample size calculations (2008)

Abstract Purpose The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the intra‐observer variability of color Doppler imaging (CDI) measurements, 2) to compare the difference in variability of these measurements in healthy controls versus glaucoma patients, and 3) to provide calculations of minimum sample sizes for future CDI studies. Methods Patients with normal tension glaucoma (n=28), primary open angle glaucoma (n=19) and age‐matched healthy controls (n=22)underwent CDI on two occasions one month apart. Variability in CDI measurements was quantified using (within‐subjects) coefficients of variation. Based on this variability, minimum sample sizes were calculated to guide the design of future studies comparing CDI between and within groups. Results In general, within‐subject coefficients of variation for measurements one month apart were comparable to previously reported short‐term variations. Variability was higher in glaucoma patients than in healthy controls. The minimum sample size required for glaucomatous study populations is larger than for healthy controls. Smaller patient groups are required to detect change using the peak systolic velocities than using end diastolic velocities. Studies using a cross‐over design require smaller sample sizes than studies with a pre‐post or parallel design. Conclusion This study provides extensive information on long‐term intra‐observer variability of CDI measurements in healthy controls as well as glaucoma patients. Moreover, sample size calcualtions are provided for studies involving glaucoma patients as well as healthy individuals using three different study designs.
Chemical Composition of the Epicuticular and Intracuticular Wax Layers on Adaxial Sides of Rosa canina Leaves (2007)

A gradient exists between the composition of the epi- and intracuticular wax layers of Rosa canina leaves. This gradient may result from polarity differences, in part caused by differences in chain lengths. The outer wax layer accessible to the phyllosphere showed a unique composition of wax compounds. The ecological consequences from such a gradient may now be probed.
UV-O/sub 3/ and dry-O/sub 2/: Two-step-annealed chemical vapor-deposited Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ films for storage dielectrics of 64-Mb DRAMs (1991)

A capacitor fabrication technique is developed to obtain an extremely thin Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ film with an effective SiO/sub 2/ film thickness of 2.8 nm (equivalent to 12 fF/ mu m/sup 2/) for use in a low-power 64-Mb DRAM. A two-step annealing process is used after deposition of the Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ film by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The first step is ozone (O/sub 3/) annealing with ultraviolet light irradiation, which is the most effective means of reducing leakage current. A model for explaining the effectiveness of the UV-O/sub 3/ annealing treatment is proposed. Excited oxygen atoms in the singlet state (/sup 1/D), which are generated selectively in the ozone gas irradiated by a mercury lamp, repair the oxygen vacancies existing in the as-deposited CVD-Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ film, resulting in a marked reduction of the film's leakage current. The second step is dry-O/sub 2/ annealing, which reduces the defect density of initial breakdown. Sufficient capacitance can be obtained while maintaining a low leakage current and sufficient step coverage for a 1.5-V supply-voltage 64-Mb DRAM having a high-aspect three-dimensional memory cell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
LC lens systems to solve accommodation/convergence conflict in three-dimensional and virtual reality displays (2018)

Accommodation–convergence mismatch is still an unsolved issue within the field of augmented reality, virtual reality, and three-dimensional systems in general. Solutions suggested to correct the focus cue in recent years require additional bandwidth, or compromise the image resolution. Our simple approach to overcome this issue is by using an eye-tracking system and electronic lenses. We propose an electronic hybrid lens system composed of segmented phase profile liquid crystal and Pancharatnam phase lenses. For practical application, eye tracking is necessary for measuring the toe-in of the user’s pupil to calculate the object depth. This information is used to determine the required diopteric power of the hybrid system. The optical performance and imaging quality of the proposed hybrid system are evaluated.
Association Between Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Lumbar Spine Surgery (2022)

Lumbar spine surgery patients with greater social deprivation present with worse preoperative physical and mental health but experience comparable benefit from surgery than patients with less deprivation, emphasizing the need to further understand social and health factors that may affect both disease severity and access to care.
Glycocalyx Damage Within Human Liver Grafts Correlates With Graft Injury and Postoperative Graft Function After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (2019)

Our data suggest that the glycocalyx is damaged within human liver grafts during preservation and the extent of glycocalyx damage correlates with the severity of hepatocellular injury. Recipients of livers grafts with greater glycocalyx damage might be at higher risk for development of EAD after OLT.