gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport Effects on Calorimetry of Porous Wildland Fuels (2008)

Wildland fire is a natural part of the earth’s phenomenological pattern and like most natural phenomena has presented a challenge to human activity and engineering science. Wildfire presents Fire Safety Engineering with the task of developing fundamental research and designing analysis tools to address fire on a scale where interactions with atmospheric and terrestrial conditions dominate fire behavior. The research work presented in this thesis addresses a fundamental research issue involving transport processes in porous wildland fuel beds. This research project had the specific goal of developing an understanding of how transport processes affected the combustion of wildland fuels that were in the form of a porous bed. No detailed study could be found in the literature that specifically addressed how the fuel structure affected the combustion process in these types of fuels. To this end, a series of experiments were designed and carried out that approached the understanding of this problem using commonly available fire testing equipment, specifically the cone calorimeter and the FM Global Fire Propagation Apparatus. The goal of this research study and the basis for the novel and relevant contribution to the field of engineering was to conduct an experimental test series, analyze the data and examine the scalability of the results, to determine the effect of transport processes on the Heat Release Rate (HRR) of porous wildland fuels. The project concluded that flow dominates HRR in fires involving the wildland fuels tested. A dimensionless analysis of the fuel sample baskets showed consistency with well established mass transfer, fluid flow and chemical kinetic relationships. The dimensionless analysis also indicates that the experimental results should be scalable to similar configurations in larger fuel beds. One conclusion of this study was that wildland fire modeling efforts should invest in understanding flow conditions in fuel beds because this behavior dominates over the chemical kinetics of combustion for predicting HRR which is an important parameter in fire modeling.
Growth pressure dependence of residual strain and threading dislocations in the GaN layer (2004)

We investigated the generation of threading dislocations (TDs) and the relaxation of the compressive strain in the GaN/sapphire (0001) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. With decreasing the growth pressure, the a-axis lattice constant of GaN film and the width of the (002) and the (101) rocking curve increases. This indicates that the density of TDs in GaN epilayers increases with the lattice constant a of GaN film. The fact that the width of the (101) rocking curves increases much more than that of the (002) rocking curve indicates that the residual strain in GaN on sapphire reduces mainly by generating the edge-type TDs. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proteomics, transcriptomics and lipidomics of exosomes and ectosomes (2013)

Mammalian cells secrete two types of extracellular vesicles either constitutively or in a regulated manner: exosomes (50-100 nm in diameter) released from the intracellular compartment and ectosomes (also called microvesicles, 100-1000 nm in diameter) shed directly from the plasma membrane. Extracellular vesicles are bilayered proteolipids enriched with proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and lipids. In recent years, much data have been collected regarding the specific components of extracellular vesicles from various cell types and body fluids using proteomic, transcriptomic, and lipidomic methods. These studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles harbor specific types of proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids rather than random cellular components. These results provide valuable information on the molecular mechanisms involved in vesicular cargo-sorting and biogenesis. Furthermore, studies of these complex extracellular organelles have facilitated conceptual advancements in the field of intercellular communication under physiological and pathological conditions as well as for disease-specific biomarker discovery. This review focuses on the proteomic, transcriptomic, and lipidomic profiles of extracellular vesicles, and will briefly summarize recent advances in the biology, function, and diagnostic potential of vesicle-specific components.
Altitude and beta-blockade augment glucose utilization during submaximal exercise (1996)

To test the hypothesis that altitude exposure increases glucose utilization and that this increment is mediated by a beta-adrenergic mechanism, the effects of hypobaric hypoxia and beta-blockade on glucose rates of appearance (Ra), disappearance (Rd), oxidation (Rox), and leg uptake [G = 2(arteriovenous glucose difference)(1 - leg blood flow)] were measured during rest and a given submaximal exercise task. We studied six healthy beta-blocked (beta) men [26.7 +/- 1.2 (SE) yr, 74.0 +/- 6.6 kg] and five matched controls (C; 26 +/- 1.2 yr, 69.3 +/- 2.6 kg) in energy and nitrogen balance during rest and leg cycle-ergometer exercise at sea level, on acute altitude exposure to 4,300 m (barometric pressure = 463 Torr), and after 3 wk of habituation. Subjects received a primed continuous infusion of [6,6-2H]- and [1-13C]glucose, rested for > or = 90 min, and then immediately exercised for 45 min at 89 W, which elicited 49% of sea-level peak O2 consumption (VO2peak; 65% of altitude VO2peak). At sea level, resting Ra was 1.47 +/- 0.19 and 1.66 +/- 0.16 mg x kg-1 x min-1 for C and beta, respectively, and increased to 3.04 +/- 0.25 and 3.56 +/- 0.27 mg x kg-1 x min-1, respectively, during exercise. Thus glucose Ra was significantly increased by beta-blockade during rest and exercise at sea level. At sea level, beta-blockade increased leg G, which accounted for 49 and 69% of glucose disposal during exercise in C and beta, respectively. On acute altitude exposure, glucose Ra rose significantly during rest and exercise relative to sea level, whereas blockade continued to augment this increment. During exercise on acute exposure, G increased more than at sea level and accounted for a greater percentage (80 and 97%, respectively) of Rd in C and beta during exercise. Similarly, Rox values, particularly during exercise, were increased significantly at altitude relative to sea level, and beta-blockade potentiated this effect. During a given submaximal exercise task after acclimatization, glucose Ra, Rox, and G were increased relative to sea level, but these increments were less than those in response to exercise measured on acute exposure. We conclude that altitude exposure increases glucose use during rest and a given submaximal exercise bout and beta-blockade exaggerates the response.
Learning Functions to Study the Benefit of Multitask Learning (2020)

We study and quantify the generalization patterns of multitask learning (MTL) models for sequence labeling tasks. MTL models are trained to optimize a set of related tasks jointly. Although multitask learning has achieved improved performance in some problems, there are also tasks that lose performance when trained together. These mixed results motivate us to study the factors that impact the performance of MTL models. We note that theoretical bounds and convergence rates for MTL models exist, but they rely on strong assumptions such as task relatedness and the use of balanced datasets. To remedy these limitations, we propose the creation of a task simulator and the use of Symbolic Regression to learn expressions relating model performance to possible factors of influence. For MTL, we study the model performance against the number of tasks (T), the number of samples per task (n) and the task relatedness measured by the adjusted mutual information (AMI). In our experiments, we could empirically find formulas relating model performance with factors of sqrt(n), sqrt(T), which are equivalent to sound mathematical proofs in Maurer[2016], and we went beyond by discovering that performance relates to a factor of sqrt(AMI).
Abstract 12169: Mast Cells Regulate Cardiomyocyte Contractility and Myofilament Ca2+ Sensitization Following Myocardial Infarction (2014)

Inflammatory cells orchestrate post-ischemic cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Studies in Kit mutant mice suggest key roles for mast cells in post-ischemic tissue remodeling. However, Kit mutations affect multiple cell types of both immune and non-immune origin. The aim of this study was to address the impact of mast cells on cardiac function following MI, using selectively mast cell-deficient mice (Cpa3Cre/+ mice).

The number of mast cell progenitors (Lin-CD45+CD34+FcγRII/III+β7+) increased on day 3 post MI in the bone marrow and the white adipose tissue and on day 5 in the heart. Mature mast cells (Cd117+FceRI+Sca1+) peaked at day 7 in the cardiac tissue accompanied with a peak of mMCP4 and tryptase beta2 mRNA expression. To assess the functional effect of mast cell infiltration, the cardiac function 14 days post MI was assessed in WT, kitW/Wv and Cpa3Cre/+ mice. There was a significant decrease of the left ventricular shortening fraction in both the Cpa3Cre/+ and the kitW/Wv mice compared to WT mice (p<0.01, n=8-10). Although the reduction of heart function in the kitW/Wv mice correlated with increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, there was no effect on cardiac remodeling (fibrosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis or infarct size) observed in the Cpa3Cre/+ originated hearts. By contrast, in the Cpa3Cre/+ mice we observed a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte contractility (at 1, 2 & 4 Hz, 4ms pulse, 10volts amplitude) compared to WT. Cell shortening and maximal contracting/relaxing velocity were significantly decreased (p<0.01) with no effect on Ca2+ transient peak or sarcoplasmic reticulum load. Myofilament force-calcium relationships were measured in post-MI skinned myocytes. Compared to WT, calcium sensitivity declined significantly in Cpa3Cre/+ -derived myocytes (p<0.01) with no effect on maximal calcium-activated force.

This work re-evaluates existing mast-cell deficient models on their effect on cardiac remodeling and identifies a novel function for mast cells on modulation of cardiomyocyte contractility and Ca2+ sensitization. Identification of the mast cell-dependent molecular regulators that target myofilament proteins will provide a new platform of regulators with potential cardioprotective properties.
Pd(II)-Catalyzed <i>ortho</i>-C–H Oxidation of Arylacetic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis of Benzofuranones (2014)

Pd(II)-catalyzed ortho-C-H acetoxylation of arylacetic acid derivatives is demonstrated with the aid of a novel S-methyl-S-2-pyridylsulfoximine (MPyS) directing group (DG). The α-mono- and α-unsubstituted arylacetic acid derivatives were readily employed in the ortho-C-H acetoxylations. The oxidation products are hydrolyzed, and the MPyS-DG is easily recovered, providing ready access to o-hydroxyarylacetic acids. 3-Mono- and 3-unsubstituted benzofuranones are synthesized from o-hydroxyarylacetic acids.
Microbial EOR—Critical Aspects Learned From The Lab (2010)

Abstract DuPont and BP have been working together to develop Microbial EOR targeted at viscous oil in the Schrader Bluff formation on the North Slope of Alaska. The goal of this program was a 5% increase in the recovery factor. Mechanisms to be assessed in the original agreement included Viscosity reduction of the oil by transformation or degradation of heavy components in the oil – thus improving the oil – water mobility ratio.Drastic reduction (to ~&amp;lt;0.01 dynes/cm) in the interfacial tension between water and the oil After extensive fundamental research we have learned many critical aspects of microbial EOR that made the application of these two mechanisms to the Schrader Bluff formation impractical. Instead, we have demonstrated two site appropriate mechanisms that achieved, in the lab, the targeted increase in the recovery factor. Improved flow conformance and increased sweep efficiency by preferential plugging of high permeable zones thereby forcing water to produce oil from previously unswept parts of the reservoir.Reduced oil / rock surface tension and a subsequent reduction in the oil "wetting" the rock. This results in changes in the relative permeability of the oil and the water and ultimately lower residual oil saturation. This paper describes the key laboratory tests used to evaluate these four mechanisms. The cornerstones of our work have been the detailed characterization of the waters, the oil, the formation matrix and the microbial community. In addition we describe our search for useful microbes isolated from a variety of environmental samples collected from the Milne Point Unit (MPU) of the Alaskan North Slope. These samples were taken over several years and included injection, production and power fluid waters. These samples were used to understand the temporal changes in the microbial populations and to provide inoculum for our enrichment cultures. Our ongoing research has provided many insights into the appropriate application of microbial EOR. The unique aspects of each production area, the nature of the oil, the water, the formation matrix, and the background microbial population and their complex interactions must all be assessed when considering the potential application of microbial EOR. The amount of work discribed below for assessing potential MEOR mechanisms is extensive. However, this process has been streamlined and we have been able to assess new target reservoirs for potential MEOR treatments in about 6 months.
Position Control of Rotary Flexible Joint System Using Adaptive Dynamic Inversion (2021)

This paper presents an adaptive generalized dynamic inversion (AGDI) control methodology to the problem of angular position tracking of the rotary flexible joint system while suppressing joint vibrations. The AGDI control is composed of an equivalent control, which is responsible to enforce the prescribed constraint dynamics that encompasses the control objectives and control expression is obtained by inverting the constraint dynamics using Moore–Penrose generalized inversion. Furthermore, robustness is achieved by integrating a switching (discontinuous) term based on the sliding mode control method. The sliding mode gain of the switching control law is made adaptive for chattering reduction and improved tracking capability. The performance of AGDI control is evaluated through both numerical simulation and experimental investigations executed on Quanser's rotary flexible joint system. Simulation and experimental results reveal that the AGDI control is quiet capable to achieve the desired response curves against set‐point tracking and disturbance rejection scenarios. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Rechargeable proton exchange membrane fuel cell containing an intrinsic hydrogen storage polymer (2020)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising clean energy conversion devices in residential, transportation, and portable applications. Currently, a high-pressure tank is the state-of-the-art mode of hydrogen storage; however, the energy cost, safety, and portability (or volumetric hydrogen storage capacity) presents a major barrier to the widespread dissemination of PEMFCs. Here we show an 'all-polymer type' rechargeable PEMFC (RCFC) that contains a hydrogen-storable polymer (HSP), which is a solid-state organic hydride, as the hydrogen storage media. Use of a gas impermeable SPP-QP (a polyphenylene-based PEM) enhances the operable time, reaching up to ca. 10.2 s mg<sub>HSP</sub><sup>-1</sup>, which is more than a factor of two longer than that (3.90 s mg<sub>HSP</sub><sup>-1</sup>) for a Nafion NRE-212 membrane cell. The RCFCs are cycleable, at least up to 50 cycles. The features of this RCFC system, including safety, ease of handling, and light weight, suggest applications in mobile, light-weight hydrogen-based energy devices.
Bose-Einstein condensate inside a Bragg-reflecting atom cavity (2008)

We experimentally realize an atom cavity consisting of a magnetic trap and an optical lattice that extends over the whole trap. When displaced sufficiently from the center of the magnetic trap, dynamics of the atoms are characterized by magnetic confinement on one side of the cavity and Bragg reflection due to the optical lattice on the other side. We demonstrate this atom cavity by recording the momentum-space oscillation of a Bose-Einstein condensate inside the cavity as a function of time. This atom-cavity configuration presents the possibility of realizing a Mach-Zehnder-type atom interferometer.
Discussion (1997)

Cohen, Michael M. Jr. D.M.D., Ph.D.; Marsh, Jeffrey L. M.D.; Vannier, Michael W. M.D. Author Information
Arachidonic Acid Alters Tomato <i>HMG</i> Expression and Fruit Growth and Induces 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase-Independent Lycopene Accumulation1 (1999)

Regulation of isoprenoid end-product synthesis required for normal growth and development in plants is not well understood. To investigate the extent to which specific genes for the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) are involved in end-product regulation, we manipulated expression of the HMG1 and HMG2 genes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit using arachidonic acid (AA). In developing young fruit AA blocked fruit growth, inhibited HMG1, and activated HMG2 expression. These results are consistent with other reports indicating that HMG1 expression is closely correlated with growth processes requiring phytosterol production. In mature-green fruit AA strongly induced the expression of HMG2, PSY1 (the gene for phytoene synthase), and lycopene accumulation before the normal onset of carotenoid synthesis and ripening. The induction of lycopene synthesis was not blocked by inhibition of HMGR activity using mevinolin, suggesting that cytoplasmic HMGR is not required for carotenoid synthesis. Our results are consistent with the function of an alternative plastid isoprenoid pathway (the Rohmer pathway) that appears to direct the production of carotenoids during tomato fruit ripening.
Polygenic risk scores of several subtypes of epilepsies in a founder population (2020)

<h3>Objective</h3> Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are used to quantify the cumulative effects of a number of genetic variants, which may individually have a very small effect on susceptibility to a disease; we used PRSs to better understand the genetic contribution to common epilepsy and its subtypes. <h3>Methods</h3> We first replicated previous single associations using 373 unrelated patients. We then calculated PRSs in the same French Canadian patients with epilepsy divided into 7 epilepsy subtypes and population-based controls. We fitted a logistic mixed model to calculate the variance explained by the PRS using pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> statistics. <h3>Results</h3> We show that the PRS explains more of the variance in idiopathic generalized epilepsy than in patients with nonacquired focal epilepsy. We also demonstrate that the variance explained is different within each epilepsy subtype. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Globally, we support the notion that PRSs provide a reliable measure to rightfully estimate the contribution of genetic factors to the pathophysiologic mechanism of epilepsies, but further studies are needed on PRSs before they can be used clinically.
Efficient Latch and Clock Structures for System-on-Chip Test Flexibility (2006)

This paper describes a novel implementation of edge-triggered flip-flops that incorporates the most optimum features of the leading design-for-testability (DFT) methods in the industry in a manner that is efficient from the standpoint of performance, power and area. The result is a flip-flop design that provides testability that is free of timing hazards (race-free and LSSD compatible), while operating at product frequency using only a single edge clock
Wireless Sensor Networks for medical care services (2011)

Driven by the demographic variation in population and degradation of health care quality, we have witnessed in the recent years the explosion of healthcare applications market in order to provide high quality care. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) seem to be an attractive technology to deploy this type of applications thanks to their advantages of simplicity of deployment, safe of use and reduced installation cost. In this paper we present a specific medical application on which we work in collaboration with the Henri Mondor University Hospital Center in France. This application aims to monitor patients' physiological parameters and track their localizations within the hospital. We describe in this paper tests performed in our lab and analyze the first results of implementation of a sensor network platform.
Chain‐Growth Polycondensation for Well‐Defined Condensation Polymers and Polymer Architecture (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal Ion Substrate Inhibition of Ferrochelatase (2008)

Ferrochelatase catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX to form heme. Robust kinetic analyses of the reaction mechanism are complicated by the instability of ferrous iron in aqueous solution, particularly at alkaline pH values. At pH 7.00 the half-life for spontaneous oxidation of ferrous ion is approximately 2 min in the absence of metal complexing additives, which is sufficient for direct comparisons of alternative metal ion substrates with iron. These analyses reveal that purified recombinant ferrochelatase from both murine and yeast sources inserts not only ferrous iron but also divalent cobalt, zinc, nickel, and copper into protoporphyrin IX to form the corresponding metalloporphyrins but with considerable mechanistic variability. Ferrous iron is the preferred metal ion substrate in terms of apparent k(cat) and is also the only metal ion substrate not subject to severe substrate inhibition. Substrate inhibition occurs in the order Cu(2+) > Zn(2+) > Co(2+) > Ni(2+) and can be alleviated by the addition of metal complexing agents such as beta-mercaptoethanol or imidazole to the reaction buffer. These data indicate the presence of two catalytically significant metal ion binding sites that may coordinately regulate a selective processivity for the various potential metal ion substrates.
Device quality Sb-based compound semiconductor surface: A comparative study of chemical cleaning (2011)

We have studied the surface cleaning of Sb-based compound semiconductors using HF, NH4OH, and HCl cleans and the metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated subsequently. GaSb, InGaSb, and AlGaSb surfaces are investigated using low-energy radiation from the synchrotron. Capacitance–voltage (C–V) and photoluminescence measurements are carried out on capacitors made with Al2O3 from atomic layer deposition and corroborated with the results from synchrotron spectroscopy. Excellent C–V characteristics with a mid-band-gap interface state density of 3 × 1011/cm2eV are obtained on samples with the HCl clean. This is consistent with the finding that only the HCl acid clean is able to remove the native oxides present on GaSb and InGaSb surfaces, and produce clean and stable surfaces suitable for MOSFET development. Complete removal of AlOx on the AlGaSb surface was not possible using chemical cleaning. Termination of AlGaSb with two monolayers of GaSb is proposed as a solution.