gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure Analyses of Ti-Based Self-Formed Barrier Layers (2011)

Self-formed Ti-based barrier layer using Cu(Ti) alloy seed applied to 45-nm-node dual-damascene interconnects was reported to have sufficient barrier strength to prevent Cu diffusion into dielectrics. The constituent Ti compounds in the self-formed Ti-based barrier layers and the barrier structures in Cu(Ti)/dielectric samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Two types of SiOC with low dielectric constants, SiO 2 , and SiCN were used as dielectrics. The Ti-based barrier layers consisted mainly of amorphous Ti oxides such as TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 , and TiO, regardless of the dielectric. In addition to Ti oxides, barrier layers containing TiC, TiSi, and TiN were observed, depending on the dielectric. TiC and TiSi were in crystalline state. They were formed beneath the Cu(Ti) alloy films, and had orientation relationship with the crystalline Cu(Ti) alloy films. The amorphous Ti oxides were formed above the amorphous dielectric layers. The amorphous Ti oxides are believed to be formed continuously above the dielectric layers and prevent Cu diffusion into the dielectric layers.
Neonatal Lung Function and Therapeutics (2014)

Respiratory diseases are increasingly recognized as having their origins during perinatal and early postnatal lung development, a time of significant adaptation to large changes in redox conditions as well as to mechanical forces. This Forum of the journal presents a Forum highlighting studies of the interplay between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and the systems that have evolved to degrade them or exploit them, as well as the cellular repair processes which respond to early life redox stress in the lung. This group of authors suggests new understandings of these events that may point the way to improved therapeutic approaches.
N0377: Results of NCCTG phase II trial of the mTOR inhibitor RAD-001 in metastatic melanoma (2007)

8530 Background: RAD-001 (Everolimus) is an oral inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Interim analysis results from a phase II study of RAD-001 in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) were presented at ASCO 2005. This study was re-opened using a higher dose based on an improvement in the 16 week progression free survival (PFS) rate and good tolerability. Methods: A two- stage, phase II multi-institutional trial was conducted in patients with MM to assess that 16 weeks PFS rate was at least 50%. Inclusion criteria: measurable disease, ECOG performance score of 0–2. Exclusion criteria: presence of intracranial metastases, concurrent use of inducers of cytochrome 3A4 and abnormal organ function. The dose of RAD-001 in the second cohort was increased to 10 mg daily (increased from 30 mg weekly) based on evidence of safety of the higher dose. Results: Twenty-nine patients were enrolled; baseline information is available on 27. Median age was 63 yrs; 15 (56%) had &gt;2 sites of metastatic disease. Most (48%) had stage M1c disease. PS was 0, 1 and 2 in 58%, 38% and 4%. All but 4 (15%) had received prior therapy. Grade 3 adverse events included stomatitis and fatigue (2 each), leukopenia, neutropenia, diarrhea, anorexia, dehydration, dyspnea, hyperglycemia, and hypersensitivity (1 each). Planned interim analysis was done after 20 patients were enrolled. 14 (70%) had progressed 16 weeks, failing to meet the decision rule needed (PFS &gt;30%) to restart accrual. The median PFS for all 29 patients was 56 days. The median overall survival (OS) has not been reached. For the entire cohort of 53 pts treated on this study (at both dose levels), the median PFS, median OS were 59 and 286 days respectively. Conclusion: Interim analysis after enrollment of 20 patients at a higher dose of RAD-001 demonstrated significantly more toxicity and no added clinical efficacy. The 16 week PFS rate target was not reached, and accrual was suspended. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Look-and-Say The Biggest Sequence Eventually Cycles (2020)

In this paper we consider a variant of Conway's sequence (OEIS A005150, A006715) defined as follows: the next term in the sequence is obtained by considering contiguous runs of digits, and rewriting them as $ab$ where $b$ is the digit and $a$ is the maximum of $b$ and the run's length. We dub this the "look-and-say the biggest" (LSB) sequence. Conway's sequence is very similar ($b$ is just the run's length). For any starting value except 22, Conway's sequence grows exponentially: the ration of lengths converges to a known constant $\lambda$. We show that LSB does not: for every starting value, LSB eventually reaches a cycle. Furthermore, all cycles have a period of at most 9.
Reactivity of Aldehydes with Semi‐Stabilized Arsonium Ylide Anions: Synthesis of Terminal (E)‐1,3‐Dienes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
<i>Colloquium</i>: Quantum matter built from nanoscopic lattices of atoms and photons (2018)

Quantum optics has advanced tremendously over the past two decades by combining ultracold atoms with diverse optical systems. However, fundamental and technical issues place constraints that limit further advances. This Colloquium examines new paradigms for strong quantum interactions of matter and light by way of atoms and photons in nanoscopic dielectric lattices, including novel quantum phases of atoms, photons, and phonons.
Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensors for the Quantification of TNF-α/SPD-304 Interaction (2016)

In this study, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensor has been investigated to quantify the affinity and to estimate the binding kinetic between tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and its inhibitor: SPD-304. To the best of our knowledge this is first ever report on real time and label free monitoring of TNF-α/ SPD-304 affinity. Effects of the SPD-304 solvent and DMSO cosolvent on TNFα/SPD-304 interaction have been investigated. Gravimetric results indicate that the limit of detection (LOD) of the developed biosensor was of order of 10 nM and that DMSO cosolvent influences the kinetic of interaction, the saturation value, and thus the value of the dissociation constant (Kd) of the TNF-α / SPD-304 system.
Hypertonic saline‐induced muscle nociception and <i>c‐fos</i> activation are partially mediated by peripheral NMDA receptors (2006)

In this study, the animal model of hypertonic saline (HS) infusion protocol was developed and utilized to test the hypothesis that HS causes peripheral release of glutamate, and that blockade of peripheral NMDA receptors significantly reduces HS-induced nocifensive behavior and central neuronal activation. Nocifensive behavior and c-fos immunoreactivity, as a marker of central neuronal activation, were assessed from the animals that received intramuscular HS infusion with and without the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801. HS infusion (20 microl/min for 10 min) in the rat masseter produced prolonged nocifensive hindpaw shaking responses that peaked in the first minute and gradually diminished over the infusion period. The HS induced nocifensive behavior was dose-dependently attenuated by MK-801 pretreatments (0.3 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg), but not by vehicle pretreatment (isotonic saline; ISO), in the masseter muscle. HS infusion produced a significant number of Fos positive neurons in the ispsilateral subnucleus caudalis (Vc). Subsequent immunohistochemical studies showed that peripheral MK-801 pretreatment effectively reduced the HS induced neuronal activation in the Vc. These results provide compelling evidence that HS-induced muscle nociception is mediated, in part, by peripheral release of glutamate, and that blockade of peripheral glutamate receptors may provide effective means of preventing central neuronal activation.
Testing of New PDC Cutter Edge Geometry Doubles Penetration Rate and Reduces Torque (2008)

Abstract A new edge preparation of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters has been developed to target applications where either weight or torque is limited. This paper describes the geometry, which differs considerably from existing thermostable product. Initial testing at atmospheric conditions in a drilling laboratory shows a 30% reduction in torque and a 100% increase in penetration rate when compared to conventional cutter geometry. Secondary testing was conducted with drill bit designs at a non-commercial test facility. In this controlled environment, designs with new cutter edge geometry were compared directly to those with conventional cutters. By using the same drill bit cutting structure and parameters, any difference in torque and penetration rate was solely dependent upon the cutter geometry. Additionally, to quantify any effects caused by torsional or lateral vibration, a downhole dynamics recorder was used to gather data at a high frequency sample rate. Performance studies are presented for a variety of applications from around the world but focusing on applications within the US Rockies. They compare direct offset runs against conventional geometry cutter designs. Results demonstrate that the new geometry delivers footage and ROP equal or greater than the best field offsets. The increased penetration rate and reduced torque provided by this geometry result from more efficient failure of the rock. This provides reduced Mechanical Specific Energy and improved drilling efficiency, thus reducing drilling costs for the operator. This is a significant step change in PDC cutter technology, dramatically increasing fixed cutter drill bit performance.
Characterization of a Novel Radiolabeled Peptide Selective for a Subpopulation of Voltage-gated Potassium Channels in Mammalian Brain (2002)

BgK, a 37-amino acid voltage-gated potassium (Kv) 1 channel blocker isolated from the sea anemone Bunodosoma granulifera, can be modified at certain positions to alter its pharmacological profile (Alessandri-Haber, N., Lecoq, A., Gasparini, S., Grangier-Macmath, G., Jacquet, G., Harvey, A. L., de Medeiros, C., Rowan, E. G., Gola, M., Ménez, A., and Crest, M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35653-35661). In the present study, we report the design of two BgK analogs that have been radiolabeled with (125)INa. Whereas BgK(W5Y/Y26F) and its radiolabeled derivative, (125)I-BgK(W5Y/Y26F), bind to Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.6 channels with potencies similar to those for the parent peptide, BgK, BgK(W5Y/F6A/Y26F) and its monoiodo-tyrosine derivative, (125)I-BgK(W5Y/F6A/Y26F), display a distinctive and unique pharmacological profile; they bind with high affinity to homomultimeric Kv1.1 and Kv1.6 channels, but not to Kv1.2 channels. Interaction of BgK(W5Y/F6A/Y26F) with potassium channels depends on the nature of a residue in the mouth of the channel, at a position that determines channel sensitivity to external tetraethylammonium. In native brain tissue, (125)I-BgK(W5Y/F6A/Y26F) binds to a population of Kv1 channels that appear to consist of at least two sensitive (Kv1.1 and/or Kv1.6) subunits, in adjacent position. Given its unique pharmacological properties, (125)I-BgK(W5Y/F6A/Y26F) represents a new tool for studying subpopulations of Kv1 channels in native tissues.
New Approach to Achieving a Carrier-Envelope Phase-Locked Frequency Comb with 25-GHz Mode Spacing (2010)

We propose an approach to achieving a carrier-envelope phase-locked frequency comb with 25-GHz mode spacing at 1.5 μm. We demonstrate octave-spanning supercontinuum generation with the widest mode spacing ever achieved using a CW laser diode.
Classification of images using spatial random trees (2005)

In this paper a new methodology for constructing hierarchical stochastic image models called spatial random trees (SRTs) is described. The models are stochastic processes on trees with each leaf corresponding to a single pixel. The key innovation is that the tree structure itself is random and is generated by a probabilistic grammar. Important application of this method is its wide usage in natural language processing
Superconducting Double Perovskite Bismuth Oxide Prepared by a Low‐Temperature Hydrothermal Reaction (2014)

Abstract Perovskite‐type structures (ABO 3 ) have received significant attention because of their crystallographic aspects and physical properties, but there has been no clear evidence of a superconductor with a double‐perovskite‐type structure, whose different elements occupy A and/or B sites in ordered ways. In this report, hydrothermal synthesis at 220 °C produced a new superconductor with an A‐site‐ordered double perovskite structure, (Na 0.25 K 0.45 )(Ba 1.00 ) 3 (Bi 1.00 ) 4 O 12 , with a maximum T c of about 27 K.
Subject & Course Guides: Scholarly Research Impact: Altmetrics (2019)

This guide is designed to help you to understand the different ways to increase and measure the impact of your research.
Vitamin D and aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia: Analysis of Canadian cancer trial group MA.27 data. (2016)

10020 Background: Approximately half of the women who take aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy will develop joint pain, termed aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia (AIA). AIA becomes so painful that up to 20% of women will discontinue AI’s because of it. However, there is no standard treatment for this common, though poorly understood, problem. Methods: Using plasma samples from the MA.27 study, we identified 72 cases (with AIA) and 144 matched controls. We compared change in vitamin D level between baseline and 6 months in 204 cases and controls. We also correlated inflammatory cytokines with development of AIA. We measured 9 inflammatory cytokines which are implicated in low estrogen states, arthritis, and/or vitamin D deprivation -- Il-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IFNg, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, IL-23, and CCL-20. Finally, we aimed to develop a multivariate model to predict for AIA using baseline factors such as vitamin D level, previously identified musculoskeletal SNP’s, age, BMI, and vitamin D receptor polymorphism. Results: After correcting for seasonal and geographic variation, the month 6 Vitamin D plasma levels increased by 4.52 ng/mL (p = 0.049), suggesting intake of vitamin D. However, there was no difference in the change in vitamin D levels between cases and controls. Elevated inflammatory cytokines were not correlated with the development of AIA. However, those with the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) FOK-I polymorphism were more likely to have a lower IL-1β level after 6 months of use as compared to those with wildtype VDR. In the multivariate model, the clinical factors listed above did not reliably predict development of AIA in this subset of patients. Conclusions: In this retrospective study, there is no correlation between vitamin D levels and the development of AIA. However, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms may explain some of the variation in individual responses to Vitamin D replacement. Patients with the Fok-I VDR polymorphism were more likely to have a significant reduction in IL-1β level. Case Control N 68 136 Mean Δ Vit D 3.7 5.1 p =0.393 Standard Deviation 9.3 11.4 Minimum Δ Vit D -11.5 -29.7 Maximum Δ Vit D 28.9 62.57
Thermophotovoltaic Spectral Control (2004)

Spectral control is a key technology for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) direct energy conversion systems because only a fraction (typically less than 25%) of the incident thermal radiation has energy exceeding the diode bandgap energy, E g , and can thus be converted to electricity.The goal for TPV spectral control in most applications is twofold:1. Maximize TPV efficiency by minimizing transfer of low energy, below bandgap photons from the radiator to the TPV diode.2. Maximize TPV surface power density by maximizing transfer of high energy, above bandgap photons from the radiator to the TPV diode.TPV spectral control options include: front surface filters (e.g.interference filters, plasma filters, interference/plasma tandem filters, and frequency selective surfaces), back surface reflectors, and wavelength selective radiators.System analysis shows that spectral performance dominates diode performance in any practical TPV system, and that low bandgap diodes enable both higher efficiency and power density when spectral control limitations are considered.Lockheed Martin has focused its efforts on front surface tandem filters which have achieved spectral efficiencies of ~83% for E g = 0.52 eV and ~76% for E g = 0.60 eV for a 950 o C radiator temperature.
High-Speed Tracking Control System for Broadcast-Use Optical Disk Drive (2005)

The proposed ZPET-FF control system suppressed tracking error to less than 9 nm at high speed in the optical recording system of NA: 0.85. We confirmed the system is effective for high-data-transfer-rate optical disk drives.
Influence of magnetic material on dielectric resonator antenna excitation (2004)

Simulated data is presented to illustrate previous analytical results for hemispherical dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) composed of both dielectric and magnetic material. The bandwidth and radiation efficiency is significantly increased when μr=ɛr while minimum electrical size requires compatible boundary conditions (CBC) for either probe or slot excitation. Simulated data for various shapes of rectangular DRA, including offset feeds, confirm that CBC again dictate electrical size while equality of μr and ɛr remains a design guide for maximum bandwidth and efficiency. The μr/ɛr ratio is also seen to be a useful design parameter for dual-mode DRA to achieve a wide bandwidth. It is concluded that the incorporation of ferrite material will significantly enhance DRA performance, given the availability of appropriate material.
42‐1: A Promising Strategy of Low‐Power Circuit Design for Integrated Display Driver Using Charge‐Trap Memory and Oxide Thin Film Transistors (2018)

We propose the design concept for dramatically reducing the power consumption of integrated circuit using TFTs, which is named as Read‐out Modulation (RoM). In the RoM scheme, the read‐out voltages applied to the charge‐trap memory TFTs are intentionally modulated to replace the clocks of shift registers to minimize the clocking power consumption. The test circuit is fabricated and the proposed RoM is successfully verified with the frequency characteristics.
Congruent Activity during Action and Action Observation in Motor Cortex (2007)

A variety of studies have shown that motor cortical areas can be activated by observation of familiar actions. Here, we describe single-neuron responses in monkey primary motor (MI) and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortices during passive observation and execution of a familiar task. We show that the spiking modulation, preferred directions, and encoded information of cells in MI and PMd remain consistent during both observation and movement. Furthermore, we find that the presence of a visual target is necessary to elicit this congruent neural activity during observation. These findings along with results from our analysis of the oscillatory power in the beta frequency of the local field potential are consistent with previous imaging and EEG studies that have suggested that congruence between observation and action is a general feature of the motor system, even outside of canonical "mirror" areas. Such congruent activity has proposed relevance to motor learning, mimicry, and communication and has practical applications for the development of motor-cortical neuroprostheses in paralyzed patients.
Studies of basic mechanisms occurring in high pressure gases: applications to high efficiency high power lasers. Final report (1979)

The atomic fluorine laser was investigated. In the hollow cathode, lasing on fluorine transitions in the doublet system lasted for up to 80 microseconds with no signs of self-termination. The excitation process of the laser appears to depend heavily upon the fluorine donor utilized. For instance, a single step process is involved when NF3 is used whereas a two step process is evident for SF6. The details are discussed.
Preface (2021)

The seventh meeting of the International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-13) was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The year 2013 promises to be a benchmark year for ICWSM. Thanks to the enthusiastic participation of our community, we received a record number of submissions, with a growth of 50 percent over the previous year. More than the quantity, however, the high quality of the submitted papers is the truest evidence that ICWSM is maturing in its role as a premier venue for social media research.
Homologous and Heterologous Vaccine Boost Strategies for Humoral and Cellular Immunologic Coverage of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant (2021)

Abstract The rapid spread of the highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised substantial concerns about the protective efficacy of currently available vaccines. We assessed Omicron-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in 65 individuals who were vaccinated with two immunizations of BNT162b2 and were boosted after at least 6 months with either Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson &amp; Johnson; N=41) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer; N=24) (Table S1).
Synthesizing parallel graph programs via automated planning (2015)

We describe a system that uses automated planning to synthesize correct and efficient parallel graph programs from high-level algorithmic specifications. Automated planning allows us to use constraints to declaratively encode program transformations such as scheduling, implementation selection, and insertion of synchronization. Each plan emitted by the planner satisfies all constraints simultaneously, and corresponds to a composition of these transformations. In this way, we obtain an integrated compilation approach for a very challenging problem domain. We have used this system to synthesize parallel programs for four graph problems: triangle counting, maximal independent set computation, preflow-push maxflow, and connected components. Experiments on a variety of inputs show that the synthesized implementations perform competitively with hand-written, highly-tuned code.