gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of a 5-Point Scoring System for Prediction of Malignancy in IPMN (2013)

Purpose: The management of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN) is dependent on their risk of malignant progression to invasive IPMN. Recently a 5-point scoring system has been proposed as a useful clinical tool to predict the malignancy of IPMNs; however, this tool has not been validated. Here, we investigate the ability of the 5-point scoring system to predict malignancy in patients with IPMNs who had surgical resection of their IPMNs. Methods: A total of 179 patients underwent pancreatic resection for IPMN from 1998 to 2011 at our institute. Data was entered prospectively. Following review of scoring system from Shin et al (World J Surg 2010), primary data extracted from the database included the following information for each patient: age, presence of mural nodule, MPD dilation, CA19-9, history of pancreatitis, tumor size, duct communication (side, main, or mixed), and final pathology reports. This scoring system uses five independent variables: the presence of mural nodules, MPD diameter >6 mm, CA 19-9 >37 U/mL, history of pancreatitis, and age ≥60 years. One point was given to each variable. Validation of the scoring system was performed using a ROC analysis. Results: Records of 98 patients (42% malignant and 58% benign) included all five variables. Analysis showed that a cut-off of three points had the highest discriminating power. The associated risk ratio (RR) was 3.13 (95% CI 1.51-6.49) and could predict IPMN malignancy with a sensitivity of 73.2% and a specificity of 80.7% (AUC 0.81; 95% CI 0.73-0.89). Additional analysis performed on sidebranch variant of IPMN and mixed type (71 cases [37% malignant and 63% benign]) for the cut-off of three points also showed the highest discrimination in predicting malignancy in IPMN. The RR was 6.49 (95% CI 2.41-17.7) with a sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 86.7% (AUC 0.90; 95% CI 0.82-0.96). Conclusion: The 5-point scoring system described by Shin et al was successfully validated and can be used to reliably predict malignancy in IPMN in both main branch as well as side/mixed cases of IPMN. Use of this scoring system may assist clinicians in predicting malignancy in the preoperative patient with IPMN and is especially useful with the side branch and mixed variant.Figure
Perpendicularly Oriented Cylinder Nanostructure of Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer Film on Si Substrate with Various Surface Wettability (2011)

Abstract Hexagonally arranged PEO cylinders in the PEOm-b-PMA(Az)n thin film were perpendicularly oriented on Si wafer substrates with a wide range of water contact angle (&amp;lt;5° to 85°) by controlled modification with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Additionally, the film was stiffly adhered on the modified substrate due to an anchoring effect of partly covered monolayer of OTS.
Spinal biomechanics (1993)

Log in or Register Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Register Login HomeCurrent IssuePrevious Issues Current Orthopaedic PracticeCurrent Opinion in Orthopaedics (1999-2007)Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007) Published Ahead-of-PrintCOP eNewsMy CollectionsJournal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardInformation for AuthorsAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Humudifucol and Bioactive Prenylated Polyphenols from Hops (<i>Humulus lupulus</i> cv. “Cascade”) (2016)

Humulus lupulus (hop plant) has long been used in traditional medicine as a sedative and antimicrobial agent. More recently, attention has been devoted to the phytoestrogenic activity of the plant extracts as well as to the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties of the prenylated chalcones present. In this study, an Italian sample of H. lupulus cv. "Cascade" has been investigated and three new compounds [4-hydroxycolupulone (6), humudifucol (7) and cascadone (8)] have been purified and identified by means of NMR spectroscopy along with four known metabolites. Notably, humudifucol (7) is the first prenylated dimeric phlorotannin discovered in nature. Because structurally related phloroglucinols from natural sources were found previously to inhibit microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the isolated compounds were evaluated for their bioactivity against these pro-inflammatory target proteins. The prenylated chalcone xanthohumol inhibited both enzymes at low μM concentrations.
Significance of Low Stirring Modes on the Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation (2022)

We studied the kinetics of methane (CH4) gas clathrate hydrate formation and its morphology at low pressure, temperature, and low stirring speeds. A typical jacket cooling high-pressure reactor was used to form the hydrate in low stirring mode (LSM) at speeds of 100, 150, and 200 rpm and in unstirring mode (USM) under a pressure of 50 bar and a temperature of 2 ± 0.5 °C. A fixed mole ratio of cyclopentane to deionized water (CP/water) of 1:3.14 was maintained for all tests. The kinetics of hydrate formation among LSM and USM time of the hydrate was compared at the same conditions. Due to the volatile nature of CP, each experiment was carried out three times to ensure the repeatability of the experimental results. The results reveal that the employment of LSM resulted in a shorter hydrate formation time with enhanced stability of the CP/CH4 hydrate. In addition, the use of LSM enhanced the diffusion rate of CH4 within the two distinct polarity solvent phases. Moreover, higher CH4 gas consumption and an improved CP/CH4 hydrate formation rate were achieved. Under LSM conditions, four distinct morphological characteristics of CP/CH4 hydrate were observed, showing the evolution of morphology from a hazy emulsion to hydrate crystal slurry, hydrate agglomeration, and then, finally, complete solid hydrate blocks.
Organisation et variabilite genetique des retrovirus hiv (1987)

Apres clonage moleculaire et sequencage, etude comparative des virus hiv 1 et hiv 2 avec d'autres retrovirus humains et animaux. Mise en evidence d'une tres grande variabilite genetique de certains isolats. Les implications de cette variabilite dans la pathogenicite des virus est discutee
Structural integrity with functional plasticity: what type I IFN receptor polymorphisms reveal (2020)

The type I IFNs activate an array of signaling pathways, which are initiated after IFNs bind their cognate receptors, IFNα/β receptor (IFNAR)1 and IFNAR2. These signals contribute to many aspects of human health including defense against pathogens, cancer immunosurveillance, and regulation of inflammation. How these cytokines interact with their receptors influences the quality of these signals. As such, the integrity of receptor structure is pivotal to maintaining human health and the response to immune stimuli. This review brings together genome wide association studies and clinical reports describing the association of nonsynonymous IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 polymorphisms with clinical disease, including altered susceptibility to viral and bacterial pathogens, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and adverse reactions to live-attenuated vaccines. We describe the amino acid substitutions or truncations induced by these polymorphisms and, using the knowledge of IFNAR conformational changes, IFNAR-IFN interfaces and overall structure-function relationship of the signaling complexes, we hypothesize the effect of these polymorphisms on receptor structure. That these predicted changes to IFNAR structure are associated with clinical manifestations of human disease, highlights the importance of IFNAR structural integrity to maintaining functional quality of these receptor-mediated responses. Type I IFNs are pivotal to innate immune responses and ultimately, to human health. Understanding the consequences of altered structure on the actions of these clinically significant cell receptors provides important information on the roles of IFNARs in health and disease.
Predictions of the linear rheology of polydisperse, entangled linear polymer melts by using the discrete slip-link model (2018)

We present a more efficient way to predict the dynamic modulus of a broadly disperse, entangled polymer melt that uses the discrete slip-link model. Polydisperse blends provide a computational challenge because of the large number of molecular weights that contribute to the modulus. Here, we simulate the order 10 probes to capture the sliding dynamics of chains, but a continuous background to capture constraint dynamics. Contributions of other molecular weights can be interpolated from the simulated probes. Since we use the continuous background, additional probes can be added as needed without re-doing the prior simulations. We show that the method is capable of predicting the modulus well for two different chemistries. Comparison with a simplified double reptation model for a third chemistry shows agreement between the two approaches for frequencies near and below the crossover point of the dynamic modulus even though the distribution is rather narrow.
Testing Systems with Complex State (2007)

This chapter discusses various approaches to on-the-fly testing of closed systems. (We discuss on-the-fly testing of reactive systems in Chapter 16.)
Topographical Dynamics of Brain Connections for the Design of Asynchronous Brain-Computer Interfaces (2007)

This article presents a new processing method to design brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). It shows how to use the perturbations of the communication between different cortical areas due to a cognitive task. For this, the network of the cerebral connections is built from correlations between cortical areas at specific frequencies and is analyzed using graph theory. This allows us to describe the topological organisation of the networks using quantitative measures. This method is applied to an auditive steady-state evoked potentials experiment (dichotic binaural listening) and compared to a more classical method based on spectral filtering.
Structure–sweetness relationships for fructose analogs. Part III. 3-Deoxy-<scp>D</scp>-<i>erythro</i>-hexulose (3-deoxy-<scp>D</scp>-fructose): composition in solution and evaluation of sweetness (1995)

As part of continuing studies on the structural features responsible for the intense sweetness of D-fructose, 3-deoxy-D-erythro-hexulose (3-deoxy-D-fructose, 1) was prepared, its solution composition was determined, and its taste was evaluated. In aqueous solution, 3-deoxy-D-fructose exists as a complex mixture of five tautomeric forms in which the β-D-pyranose form is preponderant (52.5% at 22 °C) and the α-D-pyranose form is the least abundant (5%). Quite remarkable is the behavior of the open-chain keto form of 1: its content increases from 7.5% at 22 °C, to 36% at 82 °C, and to 47% at 97 °C, making this form the preponderant one at high temperatures. 3-Deoxy-D-fructose was found to be sweet, albeit probably not as sweet as D-fructose. The hydroxyl group at C-3 is thus not an essential function of the glycophore of D-fructose. The significance of this result is discussed in relation to the evidence already available and the divergent theories that have been proposed to explain the origin of the sweet taste of D-fructose. Keywords: 3-deoxy-D-erythro-hexulose (3-deoxy-D-fructose), sweetness, solution composition.
Production of the RdxA protein in metronidazole-susceptible and -resistant isolates of Helicobacter pylori cultured from treated mice (2002)

The objective of this study was to use immunoblotting with RdxA antisera to examine the production of the RdxA protein in mouse-derived metronidazole-susceptible and -resistant isolates of Helicobacter pylori. A 24 kDa immunoreactive band corresponding to RdxA was observed in all 15 metronidazole-susceptible and five of 50 metronidazole-resistant isolates. The rdxA gene of these five isolates contained missense mutations and transformation experiments confirmed that these mutations were associated with inactivation of the rdxA gene. No RdxA protein was produced in the other 45 metronidazole-resistant strains, including one in which the nucleotide sequence of the rdxA gene was unchanged. These results demonstrate a high correlation between production of the RdxA protein and susceptibility of H. pylori to metronidazole. Testing for the absence of the RdxA protein identifies the majority of strains that will respond poorly to metronidazole-containing eradication regimens.
Overcoming reduced antibiotic susceptibility in intracellular<i>Salmonella enterica</i>serovar Typhimurium using AR-12 (2021)

Host-directed therapies (HDTs) could enhance the activity of traditional antibiotics. AR-12 is a promising HDT against intracellular pathogens including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and has been shown to act through modulation of autophagy and the Akt kinase pathway. Since AR-12 does not inhibit the growth of planktonic bacteria but only works in conjunction with the infected host-cell, we hypothesized that AR-12 could enhance the activity of antibiotics in less-susceptible strains in the intracellular host environment. We found that repetitive passaging of S. typhimurium in macrophages in the absence of antibiotics led to a 4-fold reduction in their intracellular susceptibility to streptomycin (STR), but had no effect on the bacteria's sensitivity to AR-12. Moreover, when the host-passaged strains were treated with a combined therapy of AR-12 and STR, there was a significant reduction of intracellular bacterial burden compared to STR monotherapy. Additionally, co-treatment of macrophages infected with multi-drug resistant S. typhimurium with AR-12 and STR or ampicillin showed enhanced clearance of the intracellular bacteria. The drug combination did not elicit this effect on planktonic bacteria. Overall, AR-12 enhanced the clearance of less susceptible S. typhimurium in an intracellular environment.
Incrementally Learning Time-varying Half-planes (1991)

We present a distribution-free model for incremental learning when concepts vary with time. Concepts are caused to change by an adversary while an incremental learning algorithm attempts to track the changing concepts by minimizing the error between the current target concept and the hypothesis. For a single half-plane and the intersection of two half-planes, we show that the average mistake rate depends on the maximum rate at which an adversary can modify the concept. These theoretical predictions are verified with simulations of several learning algorithms including back propagation.
Failure recovery in the MICON system (1990)

MICON is a knowledge-based system that designs small computer systems. The synthesis of a digital system may be viewed as successive design and redesign of individual subsystems. Redesign is necessary when the design of one subsystem imposes conflicting requirements on the design of another, and when a design cannot meet specifications. This paper discusses the technique used to make MICON capable of redesign. The paper discusses a dependency network used to facilitate failure correction and highlights the novel features of this scheme. An example is given.
Widespread and frequent horizontal transfers of transposable elements in plants (2014)

Vertical, transgenerational transmission of genetic material occurs through reproduction of living organisms. In addition to vertical inheritance, horizontal gene transfer between reproductively isolated species has recently been shown to be an important, if not dominant, mechanism in the evolution of prokaryotic genomes. In contrast, only a few horizontal transfer (HT) events have been characterized so far in eukaryotes and mainly concern transposable elements (TEs). Whether these are frequent and have a significant impact on genome evolution remains largely unknown. We performed a computational search for highly conserved LTR retrotransposons among 40 sequenced eukaryotic genomes representing the major plant families. We found that 26 genomes (65%) harbor at least one case of horizontal TE transfer (HTT). These transfers concern species as distantly related as palm and grapevine, tomato and bean, or poplar and peach. In total, we identified 32 cases of HTTs, which could translate into more than 2 million among the 13,551 monocot and dicot genera. Moreover, we show that these TEs have remained functional after their transfer, occasionally causing a transpositional burst. This suggests that plants can frequently exchange genetic material through horizontal transfers and that this mechanism may be important in TE-driven genome evolution.
Supplementary Data 3 &amp; 4 from Clinical and Immunologic Responses to a B-Cell Epitope Vaccine in Patients with HER2/neu-Overexpressing Advanced Gastric Cancer—Results from Phase Ib Trial IMU.ACS.001 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data 3 &amp; 4&lt;/p&gt;
Raman and far infrared spectroscopy of the incommensurate structure Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (1984)

Abstract The lattice vibrations of Na2CO3 in the incommensurate phase have been studied by means of Raman and far infrared (F. I.R.) spectroscopy. The results exhibit strong temperature dependences which can be related to those of the modulation parameters.
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Responsible for Beneficial Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Product “Exo-d-MAPPS” in Attenuation of Chronic Airway Inflammation (2020)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their potential for differentiation into alveolar epithelial cells and their immunosuppressive characteristics, are considered a new therapeutic agent in cell-based therapy of inflammatory lung disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since most of the MSC-mediated beneficent effects were the consequence of their paracrine action, herewith, we investigated the effects of a newly designed MSC-derived product "Exosome-derived Multiple Allogeneic Protein Paracrine Signaling (Exo-d-MAPPS)" in the attenuation of chronic airway inflammation by using an animal model of COPD (induced by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS)) and clinical data obtained from Exo-d-MAPPS-treated COPD patients. Exo-d-MAPPS contains a high concentration of immunomodulatory factors which are capable of attenuating chronic airway inflammation, including soluble TNF receptors I and II, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products. Accordingly, Exo-d-MAPPS significantly improved respiratory function, downregulated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-12, and IFN-<i>γ</i>), increased serum concentration of immunosuppressive IL-10, and attenuated chronic airway inflammation in CS-exposed mice. The cellular makeup of the lungs revealed that Exo-d-MAPPS treatment attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines in lung-infiltrated macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer and natural killer T cells and alleviated the antigen-presenting properties of lung-infiltrated macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Additionally, Exo-d-MAPPS promoted the expansion of immunosuppressive IL-10-producing alternatively activated macrophages, regulatory DCs, and CD4+FoxP3+T regulatory cells in inflamed lungs which resulted in the attenuation of chronic airway inflammation. In a similar manner, as it was observed in an animal model, Exo-d-MAPPS treatment significantly improved the pulmonary status and quality of life of COPD patients. Importantly, Exo-d-MAPPS was well tolerated since none of the 30 COPD patients reported any adverse effects after Exo-d-MAPPS administration. In summing up, we believe that Exo-d-MAPPS could be considered a potentially new therapeutic agent in the treatment of chronic inflammatory lung diseases whose efficacy should be further explored in large clinical trials.
Generating covariance sequences and the calculation of quantization and rounding error variances in digital filters (1980)

A linear algorithm is given for the generation of covariance sequences for rational digital filters using numerator and denominator coefficients directly. There is no need to solve a Lyapunov equation or to solve for the residues of a spectrum, as in other methods. By appealing to certain results from the theory of inners, we show that the algorithm provides a unique solution, provided only that the filter is stable. Our results may be used to compute error variances due to product rounding and signal quantization, and to generate covariance strings <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">{r_{k}}min{0}\max{K}</tex> used in other studies involving second-order properties of digital filters.
Audio editing in the time-frequency domain using the Gabor Wavelet Transform (2011)

Visualization, processing and editing of audio, directly on a time-frequency surface, is the scope of this thesis. More precisely the scalogram produced by a Gabor Wavelet transform is used, which is a powerful alternative to traditional techinques where the wave form is the main visual aid and editting is performed by parametric filters. Reconstruction properties, scalogram design and enhancements as well audio manipulation algorithms are investigated for this audio representation.The scalogram is designed to allow a flexible choice of time-frequency ratio, while maintaining high quality reconstruction. For this mean, the Loglet is used, which is observed to be the most suitable filter choice. Re-assignmentare tested, and a novel weighting function using partial derivatives of phase is proposed. An audio interpolation procedure is developed and shown to perform well in listening tests.The feasibility to use the transform coefficients directly for various purposes is investigated. It is concluded that Pitch shifts are hard to describe in the framework while noise thresh holding works well. A downsampling scheme is suggested that saves on operations and memory consumption as well as it speeds up real world implementations significantly. Finally, a Scalogram 'compression' procedure is developed, allowing the caching of an approximate scalogram.
Scalable Coordination of Hierarchical Parallelism (2020)

Given continually increasing core counts, multiprocessor software scaling is critical. One set of applications that is especially difficult to parallelize efficiently are those that operate on hierarchical data. In such applications, correct execution relies on all threads coordinating their accesses within the hierarchy. At the same time, high-performance execution requires that this coordination be efficient and that it maximize parallelism.
Proofs of Macrocyclization of Gable Porphyrins as Mimics of Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Complexes (2003)

Porphyrin macrocycles composed of five and six units of m-gable imidazolylporphyrinatozinc (1-Zn) were synthesized by self-assembled cyclization followed by ring-closing metathesis linkings. Each porphyrin macrocycle was isolated by GPC chromatography, and their molecular weights were determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. These structures represent mimics of light-harvesting complexes in photosynthetic bacteria. [structure: see text]