gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-field probing of slow Bloch modes on photonic crystals with a nanoantenna (2012)

We study the near-field probing of the slow Bloch laser mode of a photonic crystal by a bowtie nano-aperture (BNA) positioned at the end of a metal-coated fiber probe. We show that the BNA acts as a polarizing nanoprobe allowing us to extract information about the polarization of the near-field of the slow-light mode, without causing any significant perturbation of the lasing process. Near-field experiments reveal a spatial resolution better than λ/20 and a polarization ratio as strong as 110. We also demonstrate that the collection efficiency is two orders of magnitude larger for the BNA than for a 200 nm large circular aperture opened at the apex of the same metal-coated fiber tip. The BNA allows for overcoming one of the main limitations of SNOM linked to the well-known trade off between resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.
Quantitative analysis without analyte identification by refractive index detection (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative analysis without analyte identification by refractive index detectionRobert E. Synovec and Edward S. YeungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 9, 1599–1603Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00260a035Request reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (719 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of Morphing Aircraft for Aeroelastic Performance (2020)

Morphing mechanisms, inspired by biological fliers, offer a lucrative option for controlling aircraft geometry for mitigating adverse aeroelastic phenomena, and potentially using the aircraft flexibility of the aircraft to our advantage. But, in order to enable morphing aircraft, there is a need to determine suitable morphing mechanisms; develop materials and actuation techniques for practical application; and develop a design optimization framework for detailed structural design (with aeroelastic considerations) for a select vehicle concept. We have been developing AMuBA (Aeroservoelastic Multifidelity Design of Biomimetic Aircraft) - a tool for efficient Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) of aeroelastic aircraft. AMuBA enables aeroservoelastic analysis with Finite Element Analysis (FEA)-based structural sizing within the conceptual design environment. In order to facilitate the coupling between medium-fidelity aerodynamics and high-fidelity structures, a parametric geometry modeling capability has also been developed. These capabilities are being integrated in an MDO environment. The initial target for application is the alleviation of aileron control reversal. A controllable camber morphing mechanism concept has been developed for this purpose, and the mechanism is being implemented in hardware. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is used to develop the complex mechanisms, which will be actuated by Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs). This paper describes our ongoing efforts in development of the software architecture (including analyses, automation, and optimization framework).
Controlled Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Dispersed Media (2006)

Controlled radical polymerization (CRP), sometimes also termed ‘living’ radical polymerization, offers the potential to create a wide range of polymer architectures, and its implementation in aqueous dispersed media (e.g. emulsion polymerization, used on a vast scale industrially) opens the way to large-scale manufacture of products based on this technique. Until recently, implementing CRP in aqueous dispersed media was plagued with problems such as loss of ‘living’ character and loss of colloidal stability. This review examines the basic mechanistic processes in free-radical polymerization in aqueous dispersed media (e.g. emulsion polymerization), and then examines, through this mechanistic understanding, the new techniques that have been developed over the last few years to implement CRP successfully in emulsion polymerizations and related processes. The strategies leading to these successes can thus be understood in terms of the various mechanisms which dominate CRP systems in dispersed media; these mechanisms are sometimes quite different from those in conventional free-radical polymerization in these media.
Upregulation of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein by Hypoxia Stimulates Aldosterone Synthesis in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells to Promote Pulmonary Vascular Fibrosis (2014)

Our findings identify autonomous aldosterone synthesis in HPAECs attributable to hypoxia-mediated upregulation of StAR as a novel molecular mechanism that promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling and fibrosis.
Multivalent interactions with gp120 are required for the anti‐HIV activity of Cyanovirin (2009)

Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is a cyanobacterial lectin that binds to specific oligomannoses on the surface of gp120, resulting in nanomolar antiviral activity against HIV. In its monomeric form, CV-N contains two functional carbohydrate-binding domains, A and B. When refolded at high concentration, the protein can form a domain-swapped dimer. To clarify the role of multiple-binding sites in CV-N, we previously designed a monomeric mutant, P51G-m4-CVN, in which the binding site on domain A was rendered ineffective by four mutations (m4); in addition, a hinge region mutation (P51G) hinders the formation of a domain swapped dimer. The protein bound gp120 with diminished affinity and was completely inactive against HIV. Here, we present two mutants, DeltaQ50-m4-CVN and S52P-m4-CVN, which fold exclusively as domain-swapped dimers while containing the four mutations that abolish domain A. The dimers contain two intact B domains, thus restoring multivalency. DeltaQ50-m4-CVN and S52P-m4-CVN bind gp120 at low-nanomolar concentrations and recover in part the antiviral activity of wt CV-N. These results indicate that the number of carbohydrate binding domains, rather than their identity, is crucial to CV-N functionality.
Academic staff perspectives on technology for assessment (TfA) in higher education: A systematic literature review (2019)

Abstract This paper presents a systematic literature review of academic staff experiences and perceptions of adopting Technology for Assessment OF/FOR/AS Learning in Higher Education. This paper is a qualitative synthesis of 65 peer‐reviewed journal articles published between 2012 and 2017 reporting on the use of technology for assessment (TfA). The results suggest that there are some efficiencies for staff in implementing TfA but this can come with a cost at the set‐up and maintenance phases. Furthermore, results indicated that assessment design is not of foremost concern to academic staff when introducing TfA, but that a wide variety of pressures and both educational and operational drivers are present. There were inconclusive findings in relation to understandings of appropriate institutional environments and supports for TfA to flourish in higher education. There is a need for empirical research, particularly longitudinal investigations, of academic experiences of implementations of TfA to investigate sustainability of adoption. The imperative of exploring the academic staff perspective as the instigator and manager of both the technology and the student learning experience requires deep consideration as TfA adoption progresses.
Microcavités à base de GaN : le couplage fort à température ambiante (2004)

International audience
Electricity Market (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Market Players Contract Types Load Management in the Electricity Market Power Quality in the Electricity Market Bibliography
Effect of additives on encapsulation efficiency, stability and bioactivity of entrapped lysozyme from biodegradable polymer particles (2005)

Low encapsulation efficiency, incomplete and erratic release profiles are the most common features of controlled released protein delivery systems employing biodegradable polymers. In the present study, lysozyme as a model protein was encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres using solvent evaporation method and the effect of amphiphilic stabilizer, a basic salt and a lyoprotectant on microparticle formulation was evaluated. Incorporation rat serum albumin (RSA) in the internal aqueous phase during emulsion increased the encapsulation efficiency of lysozyme and maintained the bioactivity. Use of NaHCO3 improved the encapsulation efficiency of lysozyme from 15–94%, but at the cost of reduced in vitro release characteristics. Incorporation of both RSA and NaHCO3 improved the bioactivity of lysozyme and decreased burst release of the protein from the polymer particle, but reduced the encapsulation efficiency from 90–70%. Addition of sucrose in the internal aqueous phase lowered the encapsulation efficiency which was restored by its addition in the external aqueous phase. Maintenance of internal aqueous phase pH close to the iso-electric point of the protein and osmotic balance between the internal aqueous phase and the external aqueous phase during solvent evaporation method helped in better encapsulation of the protein drug. In vitro release of the lysozyme correlated with the effect of different excipients on entrapment in polymer matrix. Entrapment efficiency as high as 76%, low burst effect and high bioactivity of the entrapped lysozyme was observed from the polymer particles. Use of RSA, sucrose and NaHCO3 helped in a co-operative way towards the formulation of particles entrapping bioactive lysozyme.
Joint Recognition of Complex Events and Track Matching (2006)

We present a novel method for jointly performing recognition of complex events and linking fragmented tracks into coherent, long-duration tracks. Many event recognition methods require highly accurate tracking, and may fail when tracks corresponding to event actors are fragmented or partially missing. However, these conditions occur frequently from occlusions, traffic and tracking errors. Recently, methods have been proposed for linking track fragments from multiple objects under these difficult conditions. Here, we develop a method for solving these two problems jointly. A hypothesized event model, represented as a Dynamic Bayes Net, supplies data-driven constraints on the likelihood of proposed track fragment matches. These event-guided constraints are combined with appearance and kinematic constraints used in the previous track linking formulation. The result is the most likely track linking solution given the event model, and the highest event score given all of the track fragments. The event model with the highest score is determined to have occurred, if the score exceeds a threshold. Results demonstrated on a busy scene of airplane servicing activities, where many non-event movers and long fragmented tracks are present, show the promise of the approach to solving the joint problem.
Polystyrene Pocket Lithography: Sculpting Plastic with Light (2022)

Tissue-culture-ware polystyrene is the gold standard for in vitro cell culture. While microengineering techniques can create advanced cell microenvironments in polystyrene, they require specialized equipment and reagents, which hinder their accessibility for most biological researchers. An economical and easily accessible method is developed and validated for fabricating microstructures directly in polystyrene with sizes approaching subcellular dimensions while requiring minimal processing time. The process involves deep ultraviolet irradiation through a shadow mask or ink pattern using inexpensive, handheld devices followed by selective chemical development with common reagents to generate micropatterns with depths/heights between 5 and 10 µm, which can be used to guide cell behavior. The remarkable straightforwardness of the process enables this class of microengineering techniques to be broadly accessible to diverse research communities.
Improved Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Nanostructured CoS<sub>2</sub> through Electrochemical Tuning (2019)

Searching for efficient Pt-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts has been actively pursued among the current electrocatalyst research community. The family of transition-metal chalcogenides, especially cobalt disulfide (CoS2), has been reported as competitive ORR catalysts. Here, we perform a detailed analysis of the intrinsic activity in terms of onset potentials and selectivity toward hydrogen peroxide of CoS2 in both acid and alkaline medium. Our detailed characterizations of this system via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and calculated bulk and surface thermodynamics and ORR mechanism reveal pH-dependent electrochemical evolution of the CoS2 surfaces. Using XPS results before and after ORR in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations for individual surfaces reveals sulfur to oxygen substitution, and partial dissolution occurs in acidic media, while thin cobalt oxide films supported by CoS2 are formed in alkaline media. The comprehensive DFT calculations of the ORR activities on these systems reveal that sulfur is an unlikely ORR active site, while undercoordinated Co metal site in the CoS2 is less active than very active undercoordinated Co metal site in the Co oxide film. Using these guiding principles, we then demonstrate that electrochemical lithium (Li) tuning of CoS2 in organic electrolyte increases its ORR performance in both acid and alkaline medium. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that the grain size of CoS2 particle is considerably reduced and has a much richer surface oxygen content after electrochemical Li tuning (LiET-CoS2) as the direct consequence of the Li galvanostatic cycling. The general efficacy of this method toward transition-metal chalcogenides (T-M-X) is further demonstrated by enhanced ORR activities of CoS and Ni3S2 in alkaline and neutral medium, respectively. This work opens up an opportunity for probing more advanced T-M-X-based catalysts.
Prediction intervals for surface growing range segmentation (2002)

The surface growing framework presented by P. Besl and R. Jain (1988) has served as the basis for many range segmentation techniques. It has been augmented with alternative fitting techniques, model selection criteria, and solid modelling components. All of these approaches, however require global thresholds and large isolated seed regions. Range scenes typically do not satisfy the global threshold assumption since it requires data noise characteristics to be constant throughout the scene. Furthermore, as scene complexity increases, the number of surfaces, discontinuities, and outliers increase, hindering the identification of large seed regions. We present statistical criteria based on multivariate regression to replace the traditional decision criteria used in surface growing. We use local estimates and their uncertainties to construct criteria which capture the uncertainty in extrapolating estimated fits. We restrict surface expansion to very localized extrapolations, increasing the sensitivity to discontinuities and allowing regions to refine their estimates and uncertainties. Our approach uses a small number of parameters which are either statistical thresholds or cardinality measures, i.e. we do not use thresholds defined by specific range distances or orientation angles.
RTCONTACT: An Efficient Wheel-Rail Contact Algorithm for Real-Time Dynamic Simulations (2012)

Determination of contact forces exchanged between wheel and rail is one of the most important topics in railway dynamics. Recent studies are oriented to improve the existing contact methods in terms of computational efficiency on one side and on the other side to develop more complex and precise representation of the contact problem. This work shows some new results of the contact code developed at Politecnico di Torino identified as RTCONTACT; this code, which is an improvement of the CONPOL algorithm, is the result of long term activities, early versions were used in conjunction with MBS codes or in Matlab® environment to simulate vehicle behaviour. The code has been improved also using experimental tests performed on a scaled roller-rig. More recently the contact model was improved in order to obtain a higher computational efficiency that is a required for the use inside of a Real Time process. Benefit of a Real Time contact algorithm is the possibility to use complex simulation models in diagnostic or control systems in order to improve their performances. This work shows several comparisons of the RTCONTACT contact code respect commercial codes, standards and benchmark results.
Spatial quadrature modulation for visible light communication in indoor environment (2017)

In this paper, a novel low-complexity and spectrally efficient modulation scheme for visible light communication (VLC) is proposed. Our new spatial quadrature modulation (SQM) is designed to efficiently adapt traditional complex modulation schemes to VLC; i.e. converting multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), to real-unipolar symbols, making it suitable for transmission over light intensity. The proposed SQM relies on the spatial domain to convey the orthogonality and polarity of the complex signals, rather than mapping bits to symbol as in existing spatial modulation (SM) schemes. The detailed symbol error analysis of SQM is derived and the derivation is validated with link level simulation results. Using simulation and derived results, we also provide a performance comparison between the proposed SQM and SM. Simulation results demonstrate that SQM could achieve a better symbol error rate (SER) and/or data rate performance compared to the state of the art in SM; for instance a E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> /N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> gain of at least 5 dB at a SER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> .
International Symposium on Spintronic Devices and Commercialization 2010 (2011)

The International Symposium on Spintronic Devices and Commercialization (ISSDC' 2010) was held in Beijing, China, from 21 to 24 October 2010. The aim of the symposium was to provide an opportunity for international experts, academics, researchers, practitioners and students working in the areas of spintronic theories, spintronic materials, and spintronic devices to exchange information on the R&D and commercialization of spintronic materials and devices. New developments, concepts, future research trends and potential commercialization areas were also discussed. The topics covered by ISSDC' 2010 were:
Leaky Gut and Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin B1 Does Not Increase Gut Permeability in Broiler Chickens (2016)

Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have demonstrated that intestinal barrier function can be adversely affected by diet ingredients or feed restriction, resulting in increased intestinal inflammation-associated permeability. Two experiments were conducted in broilers to evaluate the effect of three concentrations of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; 2, 1.5, or 1 ppm) on gastrointestinal leakage and liver bacterial translocation (BT). In experiment 1, 240 day-of-hatch male broilers were allocated in two groups, each group had six replicates of 20 chickens (n = 120/group): Control feed or feed + 2 ppm AFB1. In experiment 2, 240 day-of-hatch male broilers were allocated in three groups, each group had five replicates of 16 chickens (n = 80/group): Control feed; feed + 1 ppm AFB1; or feed + 1.5 ppm AFB1. In both experiments, chickens were fed starter (days 1-7) and grower diets (days 8-21) ad libitum and performance parameters were evaluated every week. At day 21, all chicks received an oral gavage dose of FITC-d (4.16 mg/kg) 2.5 h before collecting blood samples to evaluate gastrointestinal leakage of FITC-d. In experiment 2, a hematologic analysis was also performed. Liver sections were aseptically collected and cultured using TSA plates to determine BT. Cecal contents were collected to determine total colony-forming units per gram of Gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), or anaerobes by plating on selective media. In experiment 2, liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were removed to determine organ weight ratio, and also intestinal samples were obtained for morphometric analysis. Performance parameters, organ weight ratio, and morphometric measurements were significantly different between Control and AFB1 groups in both experiments. Gut leakage of FITC-d was not affected by the three concentrations of AFB1 evaluated (P > 0.05). Interestingly, a significant reduction in BT was observed in chickens that received 2 and 1 ppm AFB1. An increase (P < 0.05) in total aerobic bacteria, total Gram negatives, and total LAB were observed in chickens fed with 2 and 1.5 ppm of AFB1 when compared with Control and 1 ppm chickens. The integrity of gut epithelial barrier was not compromised after exposure to the mycotoxin.
Embryonic Stem Cells Contribute to Mouse Chimeras in the Absence of Detectable Cell Fusion (2008)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of differentiating into all embryonic and adult cell types following mouse chimera production. Although injection of diploid ES cells into tetraploid blastocysts suggests that tetraploid cells have a selective disadvantage in the developing embryo, tetraploid hybrid cells, formed by cell fusion between ES cells and somatic cells, have been reported to contribute to mouse chimeras. In addition, other examples of apparent stem cell plasticity have recently been shown to be the result of cell fusion. Here we investigate whether ES cells contribute to mouse chimeras through a cell fusion mechanism. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for X and Y chromosomes was performed on dissociated tissues from embryonic, neonatal, and adult wild-type, and chimeric mice to follow the ploidy distributions of cells from various tissues. FISH analysis showed that the ploidy distributions in dissociated tissues, notably the tetraploid cell number, did not differ between chimeric and wild-type tissues. To address the possibility that early cell fusion events are hidden by subsequent reductive divisions or other changes in cell ploidy, we injected Z/EG (lacZ/EGFP) ES cells into ACTB-cre blastocysts. Recombination can only occur as the result of cell fusion, and the recombined allele should persist through any subsequent changes in cell ploidy. We did not detect evidence of fusion in embryonic chimeras either by direct fluorescence microscopy for GFP or by PCR amplification of the recombined Z/EG locus on genomic DNA from ACTB-cre::Z/EG chimeric embryos. Our results argue strongly against cell fusion as a mechanism by which ES cells contribute to chimeras.