gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preservation of canine myocardial high-energy phosphates during low-flow ischemia with modification of hemoglobin–oxygen affinity (1999)

Conventional approaches for the treatment of myocardial ischemia increase coronary blood flow or reduce myocardial demand. To determine whether a rightward shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen saturation curve would reduce the metabolic and contractile effects of a myocardial oxygen-supply imbalance, we studied the impact of a potent synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, a 2-[4-[[(3,5-disubstituted anilino)carbonyl]methyl] phenoxy] -2-methylproprionic acid derivative (RSR13), during low-flow ischemia. Changes in myocardial high-energy phosphate levels and pH were studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in 12 open-chest dogs randomized to receive RSR13 or vehicle control during a reversible reduction of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery blood flow. Changes in cardiac metabolites and regional ventricular function studied by pressure segment-length relations were also investigated in additional animals before and after RSR13 administration during low-flow LAD ischemia. The intravenous administration of RSR13 before ischemia resulted in a substantial increase in the mean hemoglobin p50 and attenuated the decline in cardiac creatine phosphate/adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP), percent PCr, and pH during ischemia without a change in regional myocardial blood flow, heart rate, or systolic blood pressure. RSR13 given after the onset of low-flow ischemia also improved cardiac PCr/ATP ratios and regional function as measured by fractional shortening and regional work. Thus, synthetic allosteric reduction in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity may be a new and important therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the metabolic and functional consequences of cardiac ischemia.
Endoscopic two-photon imaging (2003)

Two-photon microscopy and spectroscopy have been shown to be powerful techniques for minimally invasive mapping of tissue structure and biochemistry. We present recent advances in developing miniaturized two-photon biopsy probes and endoscopes for clinical diagnosis.
Use of technetium-99m-MAG3 for renal scintigraphy after angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. (1991)

Technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3) was tested in 82 hypertensive patients submitted to renal scintigraphy 1 hr after oral premedication with 50 mg of Captopril. Baseline studies were obtained only for those patients showing abnormal findings in the provocative study. All patients underwent renal arteriography. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of renal artery stenosis (RAS) greater than 50% were 89% and 91%, respectively. After Captopril administration, tracer parenchymal transit time increased significantly in ischemic kidneys (334 +/- 93 sec in baseline conditions versus 468 +/- 96 sec after Captopril, p less than 0.001) but not in kidneys with no RAS or RAS less than 50% (243 +/- 46 sec versus 271 +/- 95 sec, p = ns). False-positive responses were mostly bilateral and associated with a marked decrease in blood pressure. Technetium-99m-MAG3 is an effective compound for detecting RAS greater than or equal to 50% with Captopril renal scintigraphy. Performing the provocative test as a first step considerably reduced the number of scintigraphic studies required.
Performance Characteristics of a 5 kW Laboratory Hall Thruster (1996)

The University of Michigan and United States Air Force Research Laboratory have jointly developed a 5 kW class Hall effect thruster. This thruster was developed to investigate, with a variety of diagnostics, a thruster similar to that specified by IHPRPT goals. The configuration of this thruster is adjustable so that diagnostic access to the interior of the thruster can be provided as necessary, and to allow for the exploration of various thruster geometries. At nominal conditions, the thruster was designed to operate at 5 kW with a predicted specific impulse of 2200 s. The actual operating parameters at 5 kW were 2326 s specific impulse, with 246 mN of thrust at an efficiency of 57%. These conditions are comparable to those of thrusters under commercial development, making the information learned from the study of this thruster applicable to the understanding of its commercial counterparts.
Magnetic properties of 6.5 percent silicon-iron ribbon formed by a melt spinning technique (1982)

Silicon-iron alloys containing 6.5 percent silicon can be formed into ribbons by a melt spinning technique. The ribbons obtained were 10-40 μm in thickness, 1-2 mm in width, and 5-10 m in length, and after annealing all of them were remarkably flexible so as to be bent 180°. The as-quenched ribbons are crystalline and are not amorphous. Low loss is maintained for frequencies up to 50 kHz for 15-μm thick 6.5 percent silicon-iron ribbons. The values obtained for as-quenched ribbon were relative permeability <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu_{R} = 6000</tex> , and loss per cycle <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W_{f}/f= 30</tex> mJ/kg, measured at a maximum induction of 0.8 T and frequency of 50 kHz.
AMPeD: An Analytical Model for Performance in Distributed Training of Transformers (2023)

Transformers are a class of machine learning models that have piqued high interest recently due to a multitude of reasons. They can process multiple modalities efficiently and have excellent scalability. Despite these obvious advantages, training these large models is very time-consuming. Hence, there have been efforts to speed up the training process using efficient distributed implementations. Many different types of parallelism have been identified that can be employed standalone or in combination. However, naively combining different parallelization schemes can incur significant communication overheads, thereby potentially defeating the purpose of distributed training. Thus, it becomes vital to predict the right mapping of different parallelisms to the underlying system architecture. In this work, we propose AMPeD, an analytical model for performance in distributed training of transformers. It exposes all the transformer model parameters, potential parallelism choices (along with their mapping onto the system), the accelerator as well as system architecture specffications as tunable knobs, thereby enabling hardware-software co-design. With the help of 3 case studies, we show that the combinations of parallelisms predicted to be efficient by AMPeD conform with the results from the state-of-the-art literature. Using AMPeD, we also show that future distributed systems consisting of optical communication substrates can train large models up to 4× faster as compared to the current state-of the-art systems without modifying the peak computational power of the accelerators. Finally, we validate AMPeD with in-house experiments on real systems and via published literature. The max. observed error is limited to 12%. The model is available here: https://github.com/CSA-infra/AMPeD
Non-Linear Direct Multi-Scale Image Enhancement Based on the Luminance and Contrast Masking Characteristics of the Human Visual System (2013)

Image enhancement is a crucial pre-processing step for various image processing applications and vision systems. Many enhancement algorithms have been proposed based on different sets of criteria. However, a direct multi-scale image enhancement algorithm capable of independently and/or simultaneously providing adequate contrast enhancement, tonal rendition, dynamic range compression, and accurate edge preservation in a controlled manner has yet to be produced. In this paper, a multi-scale image enhancement algorithm based on a new parametric contrast measure is presented. The parametric contrast measure incorporates not only the luminance masking characteristic, but also the contrast masking characteristic of the human visual system. The formulation of the contrast measure can be adapted for any multi-resolution decomposition scheme in order to yield new human visual system-inspired multi-scale transforms. In this article, it is exemplified using the Laplacian pyramid, discrete wavelet transform, stationary wavelet transform, and dual-tree complex wavelet transform. Consequently, the proposed enhancement procedure is developed. The advantages of the proposed method include: 1) the integration of both the luminance and contrast masking phenomena; 2) the extension of non-linear mapping schemes to human visual system inspired multi-scale contrast coefficients; 3) the extension of human visual system-based image enhancement approaches to the stationary and dual-tree complex wavelet transforms, and a direct means of; 4) adjusting overall brightness; and 5) achieving dynamic range compression for image enhancement within a direct multi-scale enhancement framework. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm to achieve simultaneous local and global enhancements.
Preventing Overuse of Stat Testing (1997)

At 11 AM today, I received 20 specimens for stat testing, placing severe strain on our work flow and staff. I know nurses on the patient units from which some of these specimens originated. They have told me that not all stat tests are needed at once. Some clinicians merely want to ensure they receive results by the time they do rounds later in the day. How should we work with clinicians and nurses to reduce overuse of stat tests?
A Continuous-Time Waveform Monitoring Technique for On-Chip Power Noise Measurements in VLSI Circuits (2011)

A continuous-time waveform monitoring technique for quality on-chip power noise measurements features matched probing performance among a variety of voltage domains of interest in a VLSI circuit, covering digital Vdd, analog Vdd, as well as at Vss, and multiple probing capability at various locations on power planes. A calibration flow eliminates the offset as well as gain errors among probing channels. The consistency of waveforms acquired by the proposed continuous-time monitoring and sampled-time precise digitization techniques is ensured. A 90-nm CMOS on-chip monitor prototype demonstrates dynamic power supply noise measurements with ±200mV at 2.5V, 1.0V, and 0.0V, respectively, with less than 4mV deviation among 240 probing channels.
Defect Influence on Heteroepitaxial 3C-SiC Young’s Modulus (2011)

Heteroepitaxial cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) is an extremely promising material for micro- and nano-electromechanical systems due to its large Young's modulus. Unfortunately, the heteroepitaxy of 3C-SiC on Si substrate is affected by the high mismatch in the lattice parameters and the thermal expansion coefficients between the two dissimilar materials that generate a high number of defects in the material. In this work, through the measurement of natural resonant frequencies and Raman shift analysis, a strong relationship between the mechanical proprieties of the material (Young's modulus) and the film crystal quality (defect density) was observed.
Lipoteichoic acid: a specific inhibitor of autolysin activity in Pneumococcus. (1975)

The choline-containing pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid (Forssman antigen) is a powerful inhibitor of the homologous autolytic enzyme, an N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase (EC 3.5.1.28, MUCOPEPTIDE AMIDOHYDROLASE). Low concentrations of deoxycholate can reverse the inhibition. Wall teichoic acid preparations are inactive at several hundred-fold higher concentrations. Activation of an inactive form of autolysin by in vitro incubation with choline-containing cell walls is also inhibited by lipoteichoic acid. Addition of lipoteichoic acid to the growth medium of pneumococcal cultures causes chain formation, resistance to stationary phase lysis, and penicillin tolerance. It is suggested that a physiological role of lipoteichoic acids may be in the in vivo control of autolysin activity.
Quantification of HLA class I molecules on renal cell carcinoma using Edman degradation (2011)

Edman degradation allows the direct quantitative comparison of HLA class I protein expression by tumor or normal tissue and metastases of RCC patients. Our results raise hopes for improving the success and effectiveness of future immunotherapeutic concepts for metastatic RCC.
Intrathecal Midazolam I: A Cohort Study Investigating Safety (2004)

Intrathecal midazolam provides segmental analgesia, but conflicting animal studies have cast doubts on its safety. This investigation studied the effect of intrathecal midazolam by observing two cohorts of patients. In clinical practice, intrathecal midazolam (2 mg) did not increase adverse neurological symptoms compared with conventional therapies.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Triazole‐Containing 2‐Phenylindole and Salicylic Acid as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2018)

Abstract We designed and synthesized 2‐phenylindole‐amide‐triazole and salicyclic acid‐triazole analogues and characterized using NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Furthermore, single crystal was developed for N ‐(2‐Phenyl‐1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐(4‐propyl‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)acetamide ( 7 a ), 2‐(4‐(4‐(tert‐Butyl)phenyl)‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐ N ‐(2‐phenyl‐1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl)acetamide ( 7 h ) and 3‐(1‐(4‐Ethylphenyl)‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐ N ‐(2‐phenyl‐1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl)propanamide ( 10 j ). Final compounds were screened for in vitro quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The QSI activity was determined in the LasR expressing P. aeruginosa MH602 reporter strain by measuring green fluorescent protein (GFP) production. 10 j , 4‐(1‐Heptyl‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐ N ‐(2‐phenyl‐1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl)butanamide ( 11 b ) and 4‐(1‐(4‐Bromophenyl)‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐ N ‐(2‐phenyl‐1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl)butanamide ( 11 e) exhibited promising QSI activity with 60.82, 58.89 and 54.34% at 250 μM, respectively. 1,2,3‐Triazole based salicylic acid derivatives exhibited moderate to good activity and 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐(1‐phenyl‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzoic acid ( 17 e) is the most promising QS inhibitor with 40.28% inhibition at 250 μM. These compounds were docked into the binding site of the LasR receptor protein to understand possible binding ligand‐protein interactions. The most active compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity assay and were found to be less cytotoxic against HEK 293 cell line at 100 μM.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Boc Deprotection and Isolation Method for Water‐Soluble Zwitterionic Compounds. (2015)

Abstract An efficient iodotrimethylsilane‐mediated deprotection and direct isolation method to obtain zwitterionic compounds from the corresponding N‐Boc derivatives is developed.
Competitive Quenching Fluorescence Immunoassay for Chlorophenols Based on Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection in Microdroplets (2002)

An improved biomonitoring system for the analysis of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) in urine samples has been developed. The principle of the biosensor device is the detection of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in single microdroplets by a homogeneous quenching fluorescence immunoassay (QFIA). The competitive immunoassay occurs in microdroplets (d = 58,4 microm) produced by a piezoelectric generator system with 10-microm-diameter orifice. A continuous Ar ion laser (488 nm) excites the fluorescent tracer; its fluorescence is detected by a spectrometer attached to a 512 x 512 cooled, charge-coupled device camera. Fluorescence is quenched by specific binding of TCP polyclonal antibodies to the fluorescent tracer (hapten A-fluorescein); the quenching effect is diminished by the presence of the analyte. Thus, an increase in the signal is produced in a positive dose-dependent manner when TCP is present in the sample. In 10 mM PBS buffer, the IC50 of the LIF-microdroplet QFIA is 0.45 microg L(-1) reaching a LOD of 0.04 microg L(-1). The QFIA with the same reagents performed in microtiter plate format achieved a LOD of 0.36 microg L(-1) in buffer solution. Performance in human urine was similar to that observed in the buffer. A LOD of 1.6 ,g L(-1), with a dynamic range between 4 and 149.5 microg L(-1) in urine, was obtained without any sample treatment other than dilution with the assay buffer. The detectability achieved is sufficient for occupational exposure risk assessment.
Liquid Metals: Stretchable, High‐<i>k</i> Dielectric Elastomers through Liquid‐Metal Inclusions (Adv. Mater. 19/2016) (2016)

An all-soft-matter composite consisting of liquid metal microdroplets embedded in a soft elastomer matrix is presented by C. Majidi and co-workers on page 3726. This composite exhibits a high dielectric constant while maintaining exceptional elasticity and compliance. The image shows the composite's microstructure captured by 3D X-ray imaging using a nano-computed tomographic scanner.
Area detection technology for air conditioner (2015)

We developed room layout detection technology for air conditioners. This technology uses an image camera that is equipped with the air conditioners. The technology controls the direction of the wind and their air capacity. It has been installed in commercial products as a “layout search.”.
Fast and accurate approximate inference of transcript expression from RNA-seq data (2015)

The methods were implemented in R and C++, and are available as part of the BitSeq project at github.com/BitSeq. The method is also available through the BitSeq Bioconductor package. The source code to reproduce all simulation results can be accessed via github.com/BitSeq/BitSeqVB_benchmarking.
Synergistic Antiviral Activity of Inhibitors of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase and Ribavirin (1993)

(1′R,2′S,3′R)-9-(2′,3′-Dihydroxycycloperrt-4′-en-1′-yl)-adenine (DHCeA) and -3-deazaadenine (3-deaza-DHCeA), which are potent inhibitors of S-adenosylho-mocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase, and ribavirin, which is an inhibitor of IMP-dehydrogenase, were found in this study to have synergistic effects on inhibiting vaccinia virus replication in murine L929 cells without creating a synergistic effect on cellular toxicity. Thus, the antiviral effectiveness of this drug combination was 5–10× higher than the antiviral effectiveness observed with the AdoHcy hydrolase inhibitors alone. Ribavirin does not alter the ability of DHCeA and 3-deaza-DHCeA to elevate the intracellular AdoHcy/S-adeno-sylmethionine (AdoMet) ratio. Increases in this ratio were shown earlier to correlate with the antiviral effects of these carbocyclic nucleosides. Ribavirin was also shown to significantly reduce the cellular level of GTP, which is consistent with its activity as an inhibitor of IMP-dehydrogenase and its proposed mechanism of antiviral action, inhibiting the formation of the ‘capped methylated structure’ at the 5′-end of viral mRNA.
On-chip data compression for I.R. image sensors (2009)

An IR imager read-out circuit embedding an enhanced decorrelation scheme based on first level Haar wavelet transform and predictive dynamic range estimation is proposed in this paper. This scheme provides lower power consumption, thanks to a reduced ADC resolution and a decreased output data-rate, at the expense of few reconstruction artifacts. A detailed circuit implementation is proposed and its limitations discussed.
Janus Kinase Mutations in Mice Lacking PU.1 and Spi-B Drive B Cell Leukemia through Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced DNA Damage (2020)

Precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is caused by genetic lesions in developing B cells that function as drivers for the accumulation of additional mutations in an evolutionary selection process. We investigated secondary drivers of leukemogenesis in a mouse model of B-ALL driven by PU.1/Spi-B deletion (Mb1-CreΔPB). Whole-exome-sequencing analysis revealed recurrent mutations in <i>Jak3</i> (encoding Janus kinase 3), <i>Jak1</i>, and <i>Ikzf3</i> (encoding Aiolos). Mutations with a high variant-allele frequency (VAF) were dominated by C→T transition mutations that were compatible with activation-induced cytidine deaminase, whereas the majority of mutations, with a low VAF, were dominated by C→A transversions associated with 8-oxoguanine DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor ruxolitinib delayed leukemia onset, reduced ROS and ROS-induced gene expression signatures, and altered ROS-induced mutational signatures. These results reveal that JAK mutations can alter the course of leukemia clonal evolution through ROS-induced DNA damage.
Over half of contemporary clinical Gleason 8 on prostate biopsy are downgraded at radical prostatectomy. (2017)

The large percentage of pathology downgrading of biopsy-diagnosed HGS 8 suggests suboptimal risk-stratification that may lead to suboptimal treatment strategies and much patient distress. Our study adds great urgency to the efforts refining prostate cancer clinical assessment.
Unveiling Surface Redox Charge Storage of Interacting Two-Dimensional Heteronanosheets in Hierarchical Architectures (2015)

Two-dimensional (2D) heteronanosheets are currently the focus of intense study due to the unique properties that emerge from the interplay between two low-dimensional nanomaterials with different properties. However, the properties and new phenomena based on the two 2D heteronanosheets interacting in a 3D hierarchical architecture have yet to be explored. Here, we unveil the surface redox charge storage mechanism of surface-exposed WS2 nanosheets assembled in a 3D hierarchical heterostructure using in situ synchrotron X-ray absorption and Raman spectroscopic methods. The surface dominating redox charge storage of WS2 is manifested in a highly reversible and ultrafast capacitive fashion due to the interaction of heteronanosheets and the 3D connectivity of the hierarchical structure. In contrast, compositionally identical 2D WS2 structures fail to provide a fast and high capacitance with different modes of lattice vibration. The distinctive surface capacitive behavior of 3D hierarchically structured heteronanosheets is associated with rapid proton accommodation into the in-plane W-S lattice (with the softening of the E2g bands), the reversible redox transition of the surface-exposed intralayers residing in the electrochemically active 1T phase of WS2 (with the reversible change in the interatomic distance and peak intensity of W-W bonds), and the change in the oxidation state during the proton insertion/deinsertion process. This proposed mechanism agrees with the dramatic improvement in the capacitive performance of the two heteronanosheets coupled in the hierarchical structure.
Tuberculose, HIV e coinfecção por TB/HIV no Sistema Prisional de Itirapina, São Paulo, Brasil (2014)

HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and TB/HIV co-infection prevalences were assessed in prisons PI and PII in Itirapina, SP, Brazil. This retrospective study was performed by consulting the records of diagnostic assays carried out at the Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) Rio Claro Laboratory from January 2003 to December 2010. Culture for TB was performed on 24.3 % (1,375 samples) of PI and 25.8 % (3,332 samples) of PII, and HIV serology in 32.0 % (1,810 samples) of PI and 20.4 % (2,634 samples) of PII. There were 177 (4.0 %) HIV positive samples, 157 (3.3 %) positive culture for mycobacteria, and 16 (11.5 %) for TB/HIV. The prevalences of TB were 2.8 % and 3.6 % (p=0.160) for PI and PII respectively; of HIV, 2.1 % and 5.3 % (p&lt;0.001) for PI and PII; and of TB/HIV co-infection, 0.4 % (p=0.744) for both PI and PII. Among TB patients, HIV prevalence was 13.2 % in PI and 9.2 % (p=0.487) in PII. Higher HIV prevalence in PII suggests that it depends on the population characteristics. The high prevalence rates of TB, HIV and TB/HIV show that it is crucial to perform the diagnostic testing in all of imprisoned individuals at admission to define the disease treatment and prevention measures among inmates and their contacts.