gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assume-guarantee testing for software components (2008)

Integration issues of component-based systems tend to be targeted at the later phases of the software development, mostly after components have been assembled to form an executable system. However, errors discovered at these phases are typically hard to localise and expensive to fix. To address this problem, the authors introduce assume-guarantee testing, a technique that establishes key properties of a component-based system before component assembly, when the cost of fixing errors is smaller. Assume-guarantee testing is based on the (automated) decomposition of system-level requirements into local component requirements at design time. The local requirements are in the form of assumptions and guarantees that each component makes on, or provides to the system, respectively. Checking requirements is performed during testing of individual components (i.e. unit testing) and it may uncover system-level violations prior to system testing. Furthermore, assume-guarantee testing may detect such violations with a higher probability than traditional testing. The authors also discuss an alternative technique, namely predictive testing, that uses the local component assumptions and guarantees to test assembled systems: given a non-violating system run, this technique can predict violations by alternative system runs without constructing those runs.The authors demonstrate the proposed approach and its benefits by means of two NASA case studies: a safety-critical protocol for autonomous rendez-vous and docking and the executive subsystem of the planetary rover controller K9.
An investigation of genetic operators for continuous parameter space (1994)

The success of a genetic optimization algorithm in continuous parameter space depends on the recombination (crossover) operators that it uses. In this paper we consider a wide spectrum of such operators within a unified framework and study their relative importance in the search process. We consider four basic types recombination operators which cover the relevant exploration potential of a continuous space: Interpolation, Extrapolation, Exchange and Mutation. Each of these basic types may have several variants. We characterize the various operators and their variants by their spatial sampling properties and examine their contributions to the search by applying different mixtures of the operators in several benchmark problems. The results suggest that the optimal mixture of operators may depend on the problem. But, in general, all basic types are needed for efficient optimization.
Granulation of Pharmaceutical Powders by Compaction an Experimental Study (1994)

Among technological which improve properties of powder before tabletting, dry granulation has been studied with a new compactor-granulator. An experimental study was carried out to understand the influence on powders of the adjustment of speeds and pressure during roll-compaction. The results obtained on an active substance are detailed in this article.
Understanding the p <i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> of Redox Cysteines: The Key Role of Hydrogen Bonding (2012)

Many cellular functions involve cysteine chemistry via thiol-disulfide exchange pathways. The nucleophilic cysteines of the enzymes involved are activated as thiolate. A thiolate is much more reactive than a neutral thiol. Therefore, determining and understanding the pK(a)s of functional cysteines are important aspects of biochemistry and molecular biology with direct implications for redox signaling. Here, we describe the experimental and theoretical methods to determine cysteine pK(a) values, and we examine the factors that control these pK(a)s. Drawing largely on experience gained with the thioredoxin superfamily, we examine the roles of solvation, charge-charge, helix macrodipole, and hydrogen bonding interactions as pK(a)-modulating factors. The contributions of these factors in influencing cysteine pK(a)s and the associated chemistry, including the relevance for the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics, are discussed. This analysis highlights the critical role of direct hydrogen bonding to the cysteine sulfur as a key factor modulating the equilibrium between thiol S-H and thiolate S(-). This role is easily understood intuitively and provides a framework for biochemical functional insights.
1P1-C37 Control of mobile robot with distributed sensor network : Selection of Sensor components for Ubiquitous Robot (2006)

We have proposed Ubiquitous robot to provide an informational, physical service by distributed the robot functions (computer, sensor, and actuator, etc.) in the human living environment. The ubiquitous robot supports human, and the infrastructure for the robot. It is proposed that the sensor component used as an infrastructure by using RT-Middleware.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel, Potent, and Selective Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors Through Alteration of the Piperazine Ring of 1‐(2‐( Diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)‐ and 1‐(2‐(Bis(4‐fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)‐4‐( 3‐phenylpropyl)piperazines (GBR 12935 and GBR 12909). (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Serotonin uptake is required for Rac1 activation in Kras‐induced acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia in the pancreas (2018)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is the primary cause of pancreatic cancer mortality, is poorly responsive to currently available interventions. Identifying new targets that drive PDAC formation and progression is critical for developing alternative therapeutic strategies to treat this lethal malignancy. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we investigated in vivo and in vitro whether uptake of the monoamine serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is required for PDAC development. We demonstrated that pancreatic acinar cells have the ability to readily take up 5-HT in a transport-mediated manner. 5-HT uptake promoted activation of the small GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), which is required for transdifferentiation of acinar cells into acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), a key determinant in PDAC development. Consistent with the central role played by Rac1 in ADM formation, inhibition of the 5-HT transporter Sert (Slc6a4) with fluoxetine reduced ADM formation both in vitro and in vivo in a cell-autonomous manner. In addition, fluoxetine treatment profoundly compromised the stromal reaction and affected the proliferation and lipid metabolism of malignant PDAC cells. We propose that Sert is a promising therapeutic target to counteract the early event of ADM, with the potential to stall the initiation and progression of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic aperture sonar 3-D imaging of targets in air using multiple, non-parallel shot lines (2005)

Subsurface borehole radar imaging is an attractive technology in a number of applications. In order to test algorithm development beyond pure simulation, acoustics radar (sonar) offers valuable insights into the practical performance of an algorithm. A sonar system operating at 40 kHz in air has been developed to allow the capture of acoustic image data in a laboratory environment. A deconvolution filter is generated for range compression, via a calibration technique, in which the system response is measured by pointing the transmitting transducer directly at the receiving transducer. The focused image is obtained by time domain synthetic aperture focusing/migration techniques. The practical drilling of boreholes results in non-parallel holes which can, however, be logged in three dimensions. A 3D reconstructed algorithm has been developed and implemented to reconstruct the image of the scene by multiplying the magnitude images acquired from multiple, non-parallel shot lines. The paper is structured as follows: firstly the inverse synthetic aperture sonar (ISAS) imaging experiment is described, followed by the signal processing techniques. Thereafter, the 3D imaging technique using focused magnitude images from non-parallel shot lines and the reconstruction grid spacing are described.
PAM-6 Coded Modulation for IM/DD Channels with a Peak-Power Constraint (2021)

Coded modulation with probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) is considered for intensity modulation/direct detection channels with a transmitter peak-power constraint. PAS is used to map bits to a uniform PAM-6 distribution and outperforms PAM-8 for rates up to around 2.3 bits per channel use. PAM-6 with PAS also outperforms a cross-shaped QAM-32 constellation by up to 1dB and 0.65dB after bit-metric soft- and hard decoding, respectively. An alternative PAM-6 scheme based on a framed-cross-shaped QAM-32 constellation is proposed that shows similar gains.
ALD and MOCVD of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Using the New Ga Precursor Dimethylgallium Isopropoxide, Me<sub>2</sub>GaO<sup><i>i</i></sup>Pr (2011)

Abstract Thin films of gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3 ) are prepared by using a new gallium precursor, dimethylgallium isopropoxide (DMGIP), employing both atomic layer deposition (ALD) and metal‐organic (MO)CVD. The gallium precursor DMGIP, a gallium analogue of dimethylaluminum isopropoxide (DMAIP) that has been successfully used for MOCVD and ALD of aluminum oxide, is likewise a non‐pyrophoric liquid at room temperature with a reasonably high vapor pressure. Using water as the oxygen source, DMGIP shows an ALD temperature window in the range 280–300 °C with a growth rate of ∼0.3 Å per cycle. On the other hand, using oxygen as the reactant gas in the MOCVD of Ga 2 O 3 , films are grown in the temperature range 450–625°C with the apparent activation energy of 225.5 kJ mol −1 . This study shows that DMGIP can be utilized as a new source for the preparation of Ga 2 O 3 thin films.
Inhibition of CETP as a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing the risk of atherosclerotic disease (2006)

Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with statins is a proven strategy for reducing the risk of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, despite the success of statins in reducing cardiovascular event rates in at-risk patients, many will still experience further events. There is, therefore, a need to develop suitable therapies to reduce this residual risk. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are an important independent risk factor for CVD. Though fibrates, niacin, and statins have been shown to modestly raise HDL-C, there is increasing recognition of the need to develop therapies that can increase HDL-C more robustly. Such therapies may help supplement the LDL-C-lowering benefits of statins. Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has been identified as a possible strategy for substantially increasing HDL-C levels and CETP inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy, in terms of increasing HDL-C, in preliminary clinical trials, and clinical trials based on outcomes are ongoing. Two CETP inhibitors, JTT-705 and torcetrapib, are now being evaluated more extensively.
An Area-Efficient and Tunable Bandwidth- Extension Technique for a Wideband CMOS Amplifier Handling 50+ Gb/s Signaling (2017)

This paper reports an area-efficient and tunable bandwidth (BW)-extension technique for a wideband CMOS amplifier to handle very high rate (50+ Gb/s) signaling while keeping a low jitter penalty. We identify its architectural advantages by correlating the performances with the frequency domain (magnitude and group delay (GD) responses) and time domain (impulse and step responses) and comparing them with the existing solutions. Specifically, our technique enables a flexible ac characteristic by introducing a tunable grounded active inductor in the bridged-shunt peaking topology, offering: 1) a high BW enhancement ratio (BWER = 2.65×); 2) BW-power scalability with small in-band gain variation; and 3) fine tunability of the passband gain without affecting the BW, GD, and power. The experimental prototype is a 65-nm CMOS four-stage differential amplifier occupying just 0.0077 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It delivers a 15-dB gain over a 43-GHz BW with 45-mW power consumption. Small in-band gain variation (0.58 dB) and ripple (1.53 dB) are concurrently achieved with low in-band GD variation (17 to 35.3 ps) and ripple (18.3 ps). The achieved figure of merit of 5.48 [(dc Gain × BW)/Power] compares favorably with the prior art.
Effects of Noise and Time Delay Upon Active Control of Combustion Instabilities (2001)

Abstract : To improve the performance of practical active control system (ACS) for unstable combustors, the effects of system noise and ACS time delay upon combustion instabilities and the ACS performance were studied. Experimental and theoretical studies of an uncontrolled liquid fueled combustor showed that the presence of noise apparently causes the 'beating' phenomenon and 'phase jumps' exhibited by the unstable pressure oscillations. Next, experiments in which the ACS was operated in open loop showed that the delay between the command signal to the ACS actuator and the response of the combustor pressure is of the order of two cycles of the oscillations. Subsequent simulations showed that this large time delay adversely affects the ACS performance. Furthermore, simulations and experimental studies of the ACS performance when operated in closed loop showed that the 'beating' phenomenon depends upon the complex relationship between the noise and the process that drives the instability, they poorly attenuate the random component of these oscillations, which is related to the magnitude of the RMS of the pressure oscillations. The combined effects of the long time delay in the control loop cause this.
Cylindrical spiral triboelectric nanogenerator (2015)

In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerators have attracted much attention because of their unique potential in self-powered nanosensors and nanosystems. In this paper, we report a cylindrical spiral triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TENG), which not only can produce high electric output to power display devices, but also can be used as a self-powered displacement sensor integrated on a measurement ruler. At a sliding speed of 2.5 m/s, S-TENG can generate a short-circuit current (I SC) of 30 µA and an open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 40 V. As the power source, we fabricate a transparent and flexible hand-driven S-TENG. Furthermore, we demonstrate a self-powered S-TENG-based measuring tapeline that can accurately measure and display the pulled-out distance without the need for an extra battery. The results obtained indicate that TENG-based devices have good potential for application in self-powered measurement systems.
Analysis of dart impact resistance of low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene blown films via an improved instrumented impact test method (2012)

An improved instrumented impact test method is used to correlate the impact resistance of low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene blown films to their solid-state deformation process during impact test. The two materials, low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene, showed different deformation behaviors under the same impact testing conditions. The region before the peak force in the load versus deformation plot for low-density polyethylene was linear, whereas for linear low-density polyethylene two different slopes were observed. The average peak force values of linear low-density polyethylene film is about 14% greater than that of low-density polyethylene film. Furthermore, the measured deflection at the peak force is about 50% higher in the case of linear low-density polyethylene film. In addition, the energy to peak force of linear low-density polyethylene is more than twice higher than that of low-density polyethylene. In the region after the peak point, the low-density polyethylene exhibited another peak before failing and no such peak was observed for linear low-density polyethylene. Tensile test results with low strain rate of deformation have also been compared. The tensile stress–strain in machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD) direction play an important role during the biaxial deformation during the impact test. The crystallographic deformations were explained using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques for lamellar structure and orientation. The low-density polyethylene film has developed columnar clusters of lamellae, which are aligned parallel to the TD direction. On the other hand, the linear low-density polyethylene film structure shows more randomly orientated and thicker lamellae than that of the low-density polyethylene film. The result of this structure is a more balanced toughness in both MD and TD directions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of 4‐Bromo‐2‐cyano‐3‐methyl‐2‐butenenitrile. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Architecture of Service Organizations (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Service Architectures and Components Value Networks Business and Work Processes Social Networks Service Delivery: Resources, Capacity, Skills, and Quality Organizational Modeling Organization and Process Optimization Case Study 1: Small Organization—Engineering Services Case Study 2: Large Organization—Laboratory Services Data Collection Methods References and Further Reading
Mediastinal lymph node metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma: detection with MR imaging and CT. (1987)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) were compared in a prospective study of 48 patients for the detection of metastatic mediastinal lymphadenopathy from bronchogenic carcinoma. The images were interpreted by three experienced radiologists using a five-point rating scale, enabling receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Imaging results were evaluated against "truth" data based on analysis of surgical specimens from mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy. All MR images were cardiac gated to reduce cardiac motion artifacts in the mediastinum. MR and CT both performed well, as indicated by similar areas under the ROC curves of 0.779 +/- 0.039 for MR imaging and 0.781 +/- 0.038 for CT scanning. No strong correlation between nodal size and metastatic involvement could be found for either MR or CT results. As long as nodal size remains the sole criterion in the detection of metastatic mediastinal lymphadenopathy, MR imaging is unlikely to enable better interpretations than CT scanning.
<i>In vitro</i> Antibiofilm Activity of Bioactive Glass S53P4 (2014)

BAG-S53P4 can be considered as an excellent adjuvant in the treatment of prosthetic infections related to biofilm.
Pressure-sensitive adhesive combined with paper spray mass spectrometry for trace surface detection of illicit drugs and explosives (Withdrawal Notice) (2021)

Publisher’s Note: This paper, originally published on 12 April 2021, was withdrawn on 5 May 2021 per author request.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Stimuli Responsive Microgels (2023)

Abstract Mechanochemical approaches are widely used for the efficient, solvent‐free synthesis of organic molecules, however their applicability to the synthesis of functional polymers has remained underexplored. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that mechanochemically triggered free‐radical polymerization allows solvent‐ and initiator‐free syntheses of structurally and morphologically well‐defined complex functional macromolecular architectures, namely stimuliresponsive microgels. The developed mechanochemical polymerization approach is applicable to a variety of monomers and allows synthesizing microgels with tunable chemical structure, variable size, controlled number of crosslinks and reactive functional end‐groups.
Supporting Decision Making in Engineering Design Using Parallel Coordinates in Virtual Reality (2021)

Computational engineering design methods and tools are common practices in the modern industry. Such approaches are integral in enabling designers to efficiently explore large and complex design spaces. However, they also tend to dramatically increase the number of candidate solutions that decision makers must correctly interpret. Because all candidate solutions can be represented in a digital form together with their assessment criteria, a natural way to explore and understand the complexities of the design problem is to visualize their multidimensional nature. The task now involves the discovery of patterns and trends within a multidimensional design space. This work aims to enhance the design decision-making process with immersive Parallel Coordinates Plot (IPCP) in virtual reality. This paper presents the design of this system, which allows representation and exploration of multidimensional scientific datasets. A qualitative validation with two surrogate expert users demonstrated that the system can be used successfully to detect both known and previously unknown patterns and support learning the decision-making process in a shorter time. The results serve as a promising indication of how immersive parallel coordinate plots can enhance decision support in complex engineering design processes.
Retinoic acid receptors as regulators of human epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. (1992)

To examine the role of nuclear retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) in the regulation of squamous differentiation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), we analyzed binding activity, mRNA expression, and transcriptional activity of the endogenously expressed RARs. Specific RA-binding activity eluted from size-exclusion HPLC with an apparent mol wt of 50 kilodaltons and was predominantly (greater than 95%) associated with the NHEK nuclear cell fraction. This RAR-binding activity represented in part the expression of RAR alpha and RAR gamma genes, whose transcripts were expressed in similar abundance in undifferentiated NHEK. Differentiation resulted in lower mRNA expression of RAR alpha relative to the mRNA expression of RAR gamma. Treatment of NHEK cells with 10(-6) M RA did not induce expression of RAR beta mRNA. Similarly, three squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from human skin and oral cavity expressed RAR alpha and RAR gamma transcripts, but not RAR beta transcripts. Transfection of NHEK with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmids indicated that the endogenously expressed RARs could activate transcription through the RAR beta response element in a concentration-dependent manner with doses of 10(-9) M RA and higher. CAT expression was not activated through TRE, a palindromic thyroid hormone response element with purported RA responsiveness. The competitive binding of benzoic acid derivatives of RA to RAR correlated with the ability of each analog to suppress mRNA expression of the squamous cell markers, involucrin, type I transglutaminase, and SQ37, and to activate transcription of the RAR beta response element-CAT reporter. These results demonstrate that the control of NHEK differentiation by RA is consistent with the interaction of the retinoid with RAR and the regulation of transcription by that ligand-receptor complex.
High Aspect Ratio X-Ray Gratings Enabled by Pt ALD. (2019)

Abstract not provided.