gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substitution of Ca<sup>2+</sup> by Sn<sup>2+</sup> and Sr<sup>2+</sup> cations in P. placenta shells and single-crystal calcite through ion exchange reactions (2021)

Abstract Tin (Sn 2+ ) and strontium (Sr 2+ ) are potential replacements to lead (Pb 2+ ) in perovskite synthesis since Sn is on the same IVA group in the periodic table as Pb while Sr is a promising alternative according to Goldschmidt’s rules and quantum mechanical analysis. The crystal radii of their ions are also nearly identical with Pb 2+ = 1.33 Å, Sn 2+ = 1.36 Å, and Sr 2+ = 1.32 Å. In this study, both Sn and Sr were explored in transforming calcite, a polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) into a leaving group in the first step of a sequential ion-exchange reaction towards perovskite formation. Instead of forming the intermediate tin carbonate (SnCO 3 ), the reaction resulted in the formation of gypsum or calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 4. 2H 2 O) and Sn in the form of oxides. These oxides, however, are useful especially when these are in the form of tin dioxide-coated CaCO 3 shell-core structures—having demonstrated flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties. On the other hand, calcite was successfully transformed into strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ) or strontianite through the cation exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to observe the resulting materials and understand the transformation of both Placuna placenta (or Capiz) shells and single-crystal calcite from the ion-exchange reactions.
On Planning with Preferences in HTN (2009)

In this paper, we address the problem of generating preferred plans by combining the procedural control knowledge specified by Hierarchical Task Networks (HTNs) with rich qualitative user preferences. The outcome of our work is a language for specifyin user preferences, tailored to HTN planning, together with a provably optimal preference-based planner, HTNPLAN, that is implemented as an extension of SHOP2. To compute preferred plans, we propose an approach based on forward-chaining heuristic search. Our heuristic uses an admissible evaluation function measuring the satisfaction of preferences over partial plans. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our HTNPLAN heuristics. We prove our approach sound and optimal with respect to the plans it generates by appealing to a situation calculus semantics of our preference language and of HTN planning. While our implementation builds on SHOP2, the language and techniques proposed here are relevant to a broad range of HTN planners.
Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: elusive or illusive? (2010)

During the past years in vivo transplantation experiments and in vitro colony-forming assays indicated that tumors arise only from rare cells. These cells were shown to bear self-renewal capacities and the ability to recapitulate all cell types within an individual tumor. Due to their phenotypic resemblance to normal stem cells, the term "cancer stem cells" is used. However, some pieces of the puzzle are missing: (a) a stringent definition of cancer stem cells in solid tumors (b) specific markers that only target cells that meet the criteria for a cancer stem cell in a certain type of tumor. These missing parts started an ongoing debate about which is the best method to identify and characterize cancer stem cells, or even if their mere existence is just an artifact caused by the experimental procedures. Recent findings query the cancer stem cell hypothesis for solid tumors itself since it was shown in xenograft transplantation experiments that under appropriate conditions tumor-initiating cells are not rare.In this review we critically discuss the challenges and prospects of the currently used major methods to identify cancer stem cells. Further on, we reflect the present discussion about the existence of cancer stem cells in solid tumors as well as the amount and characteristics of tumor-initiating cells and finally provide new perspectives like the correlation of cancer stem cells and induced pluripotent cells.
Hub shape effects on the inducers performance under cavitation (2006)

In this work, experimental and three-dimensional numerical simulations are pursued with the intent of elucidating the differences that the hub shape has on three inducer performances and on other important engineering properties in cavitating and non-cavitating regimes. Two inducers have a cylindrical hub and the third one has a conical hub. They are noted as BH inducer (big hub), SH inducer (small hub), and CH inducer (conical hub). These machines were designed with the goal to reduce the amount of cavitation and vibration, on the one hand, and to improve the overall performance, on the other hand. Both sets of experimental and numerical data suggest that the cavitating and non-cavitating performances are affected by changes in the hub shape. The hub configuration and cavitation numbers considered give rise to various cavitation structures on the suction side of the blades, characterized — at some flow rates — by recirculating flow regions and backflow vortices. The results show the relative superiority of the CH inducer through the critical cavitation coefficient of 5 per cent, even if this inducer is very unstable for all flow rates. It was also found that the BH inducer is the most stable and that for a 15 per cent head drop, the three inducers have quite the same performances. The main experimental and numerical results presented here concern the overall performances, especially the hydrodynamic mechanism of head drop and the visualization of three-dimensional flow structures. We also present the vibratory behaviour versus the flow rate and the suction pressure. The computational three-dimensional flow in non-cavitating regimes enabled us to explain the unstable and cavitating operation for off-design conditions. The numerical computation in cavitating flows is carried out using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software CFX-TASCFlow 2.12 , which cavitation model was validated on our BH inducer.
Considerations on the Relationship Between Dosimetry Metrics and Experimental Conditions. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis in photoreceptor cells (2003)

These results show that peroxynitrite induces apoptosis in photoreceptor cells and that such retinal damage appears to be mediated by caspase-3. The apoptotic process can be minimized by peroxynitrite scavenger urate, as well as by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk.
Vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and Risk of New Colorectal Adenomas in a Randomized Trial of Aspirin Use and Folic Acid Supplementation (2020)

Folate, other vitamin B cofactors, and genes involved in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) all may play important roles in colorectal neoplasia. In this study, we examined the associations between dietary and circulating plasma levels of vitamins B2, B6 and B12 and risk colorectal adenomas.
Modelling the continuous foaming in the die during supercritical CO2 assisted extrusion (2018)

International audience
Supplementary figure legends from USP9X Downregulation Renders Breast Cancer Cells Resistant to Tamoxifen (2023)

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Optimization of enzyme‐mediated peptide bond formation (1990)

Enzyme-catalyzed peptide bond formation requires thorough examination and optimization of each coupling step. In order to identify factors influencing the selectivity between aminolysis and hydrolysis, a systematic study was carried out for the kinetically controlled peptide synthesis. The reaction temperature, the type of C-terminal protecting group, and different organic cosolvents showed little influence on the selectivity. The enzyme, excess nucleophile, pH, N-terminal protecting group, and ionic strength of the solution were identified as major factors controlling the selectivity and, therefore, the yield of the dipeptide synthesis. Under optimized conditions, the selectivity of the chymotrypsin-catalyzed synthesis of PheSer could be increased from 35 to 100%.
Femtosecond X-ray Laser induced transient electronic phase change observed in fullerene C60 (2012)

X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) deliver X-ray pulses with a coherent flux that is approximately eight orders of magnitude greater than that available from a modern third generation synchrotron source. The power density in an XFEL pulse may be so high that it can modify the electronic properties of a sample on a femtosecond timescale. Exploration of the interaction of intense coherent X-ray pulses and matter is of both intrinsic scientific interest, and of critical importance to the interpretation of experiments that probe the structures of materials using high-brightness femtosecond XFEL pulses. In this letter, we report observations of the diffraction of an extremely intense 32 fs nanofocused X-ray pulses by a powder sample of crystalline C60. We find that the diffraction pattern at the highest available incident power exhibits significant structural signatures that are absent in data obtained at both third-generation synchrotron sources or from XFEL sources operating at low output power. These signatures are consistent with a highly ordered structure that does not correspond with any previously known phase of crystalline C60. We argue that these data indicate the formation of a transient phase that is formed by a dynamic electronic distortion induced by inner-shell ionisation of at least one carbon atom in each C60 molecule.
Sample Size Calculation for Clustered Binary Data with Sign Tests Using Different Weighting Schemes (2011)

We propose a sample size calculation approach for testing a proportion using the weighted sign test when binary observations are dependent within a cluster. Sample size formulas are derived with nonparametric methods using three weighting schemes: equal weights to observations, equal weights to clusters, and optimal weights that minimize the variance of the estimator. Sample size formulas are derived incorporating intracluster correlation and the variability in cluster sizes. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate a finite sample performance of the proposed sample size formulas. Empirical powers are generally close to nominal levels. The number of clusters required increases as the imbalance in cluster size increases and the intracluster correlation increases. The estimator using optimal weights yields the smallest sample size estimate among three estimators. For small values of intracluster correlation the sample size estimates derived from the optimal weight estimator are close to that derived from the estimator assigning equal weights to observations. For large values of intracluster correlation, the optimal weight sample size estimate is close to the sample size estimate assigning equal weights to clusters.
Staphylococcus epidermidis induces complement activation, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1, a shock-like state and tissue injury in rabbits without endotoxemia. Comparison to Escherichia coli. (1991)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-1 are thought to mediate many of the pathophysiologic changes of endotoxemia and Gram-negative bacteremia. In these studies, heat-killed Staphylococcus epidermidis were infused into rabbits to determine whether an endotoxin (LPS)-free microorganism also elicits cytokinemia and the physiologic abnormalities seen in Gram-negative bacteremia. S. epidermidis induced complement activation, circulating TNF and IL-1, and hypotension to the same degree as did one-twentieth the number of heat-killed Escherichia coli. Circulating IL-1 beta levels had a greater correlation coefficient (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001) with the degree of hypotension than TNF levels (r = 0.48, P less than 0.02). Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, diffuse pulmonary capillary aggregation of neutrophils, and hepatic necrosis with neutrophil infiltration were observed to the same extent after either S. epidermidis or E. coli infusion. However, S. epidermidis infusion did not induce significant (less than 60 pg/ml) endotoxemia, whereas E. coli infusion resulted in high (11,000 pg/ml) serum endotoxin levels. S. epidermidis, E. coli, LPS, or S. epidermidis-derived lipoteichoic acid (LTA) induced TNF and IL-1 from blood mononuclear cells in vitro. E. coli organisms and LPS were at least 100-fold more potent than S. epidermidis or LTA. Thus, a shock-like state with similar levels of complement activation as well as circulating levels of IL-1 and TNF were observed following either S. epidermidis or E. coli. These data provide further evidence that host factors such as IL-1 and TNF are common mediators of the septic shock syndrome regardless of the organism.
Macrolide, Lincosamide, Streptogramin, Ketolide, and Oxazolidinone Resistance (2014)

Macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, ketolides, and oxazolidinones (MLSKO), though chemically distinct, share overlapping binding sites on the 50S subunit of the ribosome. Bacteria acquire resistance to one or more of these antibiotics by the acquisition of a gene(s) or with certain mutations. The ketolides are macrolide derivatives that have recently become available for human therapy. The lincosamides are a distinct group of antibiotics that are structurally unrelated to macrolides. The streptogramin B component shares an overlapping ribosomal binding site, on the 50S ribosomal subunit, with the macrolides and lincosamides and is impacted by erm methylation at A2058 (Escherichia coli numbering). The MLSKO antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocking peptide bond formation and/or translation. The binding of 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides, clindamycin, and two ketolides has been described in this chapter. The Mycobacterium erm genes are regulated at the translation step. These genes confer resistance to macrolides and lincosamides but not to streptogramin B. Mutations associated with resistance to macrolides, ketolides, streptogramins, or oxazolidinones have been described in the chapter. However, with the addition of the newer macrolides, streptogramins, ketolides, and oxazolidinones, use of this group of antibiotics has increased, and today they are important in the treatment of a variety of infectious diseases in both community and hospital environments. Ketolide resistance in streptococci and oxazolidinone resistance in gram-positive enterococci or staphylococci are surfacing with increased therapeutic use.
Passive optical access network monitoring using L-band ASE source with fiber Bragg grating (2013)

Passive optical access network are becoming denser thus monitoring and fault localization are becoming more crucial. This paper presents optical network monitoring and fault localization using the L-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). A fiber Bragg grating with a distinct center wavelength is placed at each drop fiber before the optical network unit (ONU) in the tree-structured network. The distinct reflected signal from the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acts as the branch identifier. An optical power meter is used as the receiver to monitor the reflected signal. The system will automatically switch to Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) if it detects any breakdown of the drop fiber. This system is capable to monitor up to 64 ONUs with minimum bit error rate (BER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> .
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Multiple Roles of p53-Related Pathways in Somatic Cell Reprogramming and Stem Cell Differentiation (2023)

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Point-prevalence survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in adult inpatients in a university teaching hospital in the UK (2018)

Infections with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but the carriage rates of CRE and VRE among hospital inpatients are unknown. A point-prevalence survey was conducted to determine CPE and VRE carriage rates in hospitalized adults. Eight hundred and eighteen of 960 (85.2%) adult inpatients were invited to participate in the study. Of these, 595 patients (72.7%) consented and provided specimens. Of 540 samples tested, none were positive for CPE. One hundred and thirty of 540 (24.1%) samples were VRE positive, and 34 of 40 (85%) of wards had cases. Universal screening for CPE may not be cost-effective in low-prevalence settings, but targeted screening of high-risk patients should continue. The optimal screening strategy for VRE remains to be determined, as universal screening and isolation is not feasible in the study setting.
USING FLORBETAPIR PET TO INCREASE DIAGNOSTIC CERTAINTY IN ATYPICAL DEMENTIAS (2015)

Amyloid PET or CSF can be used to determine Alzheimer pathology in vivo. Few studies have assessed the additional value of amyloid imaging where CSF results are equivocal. We recruited 20 cognitive patients (65.5+/–7.6 y) with MRI, neuropsychology, and CSF Aβ1–42 and tau measured during their diagnostic assessment. Individuals were selected to have a range of CSF results; ten had amnestic and ten non-amnestic presentations. Following the investigations, the treating neurologist gave a diagnosis (AD or non-AD). Four controls (63+/–7.0y) also had CSF examination. All subjects had Florbetapir PET imaging, reported as positive/negative. The clinicians were given the PET results and asked to review their diagnoses. Eighteen patients had positive Florbetapir scans; two patients and all controls were Florbetapir negative. Following initial investigations, thirteen patients were diagnosed with AD, and seven with non-AD pathology. Providing the Florbetapir result led to a change in diagnosis in seven patients, five of whom had atypical phenotypes. For all seven the CSF results were close to or in a “grey” area, where results overlapped for positive and negative PET scans. Even in individuals with CSF measures of Aβ1–42, and tau, Florbetapir PET imaging may have diagnostic utility, particularly in atypical cases and/or equivocal CSF results.
Photoelectric Injector Design Considerations (1988)

We will present an analysis for different emittance growth mechanisms for electron beams in photoelectric injectors. The mechanisms will be broken up into three groups: space-charge forces due to self-similar expansion, space-charge forces due to non-self-similar expansion (including divergences and convergences of the beam), and rf forces. We will show that some of the emittance can be eliminated downstream, particularly that of the first group. General design considerations will become clear from this analysis and a generic design will be presented. In addition, a photoelectric injector design for both the Los Alamos National Laboratory XUV FEL and a compact free-electron laser (FEL) will be used to show a numerical agreement with the analysis. 5 refs., 2 figs.
An Ultra-sensitive Spintronic Strain-gauge Sensor and a Spin-MEMS Microphone (2018)

This review provides the spintronic strain-gauge sensor (Spin-SGS) based on a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with a high gauge factor in excess of 5000, which was realized by adopting a novel amorphous Fe-B-based sensing layer with high magnetostriction and low coercivity in a high magnetoresistance Mg-O barrier MTJ. This review also provides a demonstration of novel “Spintronic MEMS (Spin-MEMS) microphone,” in which a series of Spin-SGSs are integrated onto a bulk micromachined diaphragm. The Spin-MEMS microphone exhibits a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 57 dB(A) due to the high strain sensitivity of the Spin-SGSs.
An Endoscopic Cap Electrode for Posterior Cricoarythenoid Muscle Stimulation in a Porcine Model (2022)

NA Laryngoscope, 133:2279-2284, 2023.
Demineralization, Collagen Modification and Remineralization Degree of Human Dentin after EDTA and Citric Acid Treatments (2018)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of several decalcifying agents used as irrigant solutions in endodontic treatment on collagen and mineral components of dentin. Coronal dentin discs from five caries-free human third molars with a smear layer were treated for one minute with a chelating solution (1% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10% EDTA, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid). Mineralization degree (Ca/N and P/N atomic ratios, IR <i>I</i><sub>apatite</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>amide II</sub> and <i>I</i><sub>1410(carbonate)</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>554(phosphate)</sub> spectroscopic ratios) and possible collagen rearrangements (collagen infrared (IR) amide II e III shifts) were evaluated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and IR spectroscopy before and after treatment (T0) and after ageing (T24h and T2m) in simulated body fluid (SBF). At T0, analysis showed that the highest demineralizing effect was achieved using a 10% citric acid solution and 10% EDTA, while the smallest effect was observed when using 17% EDTA. No significant collagen modifications were detected upon treatment with 1% EDTA, while subtle changes were observed after the other treatments. At T24h or T2m, analyses showed the highest remineralization values for 1% EDTA and the lowest for 10% citric acid, mainly at T2m. The samples treated with 17% EDTA showed slight collagen rearrangements upon remineralization. In conclusion, the highest demineralizing effect was observed for 10% EDTA and 10% citric acid. Collagen rearrangement was found for all the treatments except for 1% EDTA. The highest remineralization capability in SBF values was recorded for 1% EDTA and the lowest for 10% citric acid. A slight collagen rearrangement upon remineralization was still present in 17% EDTA-treated samples. Clinical use as a chelating agent in the endodontic therapy of citric acid and concentrated EDTA solutions should be reconsidered.
A Synthetically Simple, Click-Generated Cyclam-Based Zinc(II) Sensor (2008)

A cyclam-based macrocyclic sensor has been prepared using synthetically simple "click" chemistry to link a fluorophore to the macrocyclic receptor. This sensor shows high selectivity for Zn(II) over a range of other metals, providing a significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity over a wide pH range. As such, this is the first cyclam-based sensor demonstrated to be selective for Zn(II) and is the first example of a triazole being used as a coordinating ligand on an azamacrocycle. The sensor can access biologically available zinc in mammalian cells, sensing the Zn(II) flux that exists during apoptotic cell death.