gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Drill-String Stick-Slip Vibration (2018)

We investigate experimentally and numerically suppression of drill-string torsional vibration while drilling by using a sliding mode control. The experiments are conducted on the novel experimental drilling rig developed at the University of Aberdeen [1] and using PDC commercial drill-bits and real rock-samples. A mathematical model of the experimental setup which takes into account the dynamics of the drill-string and the driving motor, is proposed. Then a sliding mode control method is employed to suppress stick-slip oscillations. The experimental and numerical results considering a time delay of the actuator are in a close agreement. Stick-slip vibration is eliminated and significant reduction in vibration amplitude has been observed when using the controller.
Precursors of cardiorespiratory events in infants detected by home memory monitor (2007)

In 1,079 infants monitored for >700,000 hr at home for apnea or bradycardia, we found an association between infants having multiple events exceeding conventional or a priori defined more extreme thresholds and less favorable developmental outcome at 1 year of age than infants with few or no events. If it is necessary to prevent such events to minimize risk for developmental morbidity, there is reason to determine whether there are disturbances in advance of the apnea or bradycardia that herald their onset. In the 85 infants with at least 1 extreme event and 1 conventional event, we hypothesized that apnea and bradycardia do not occur de novo but rather are preceded by cardiorespiratory and hemoglobin O2 saturation changes. We compared recorded time intervals preceding these events, and we analyzed three preceding time intervals for each conventional and extreme event, and each non-event recording: Time-2 hr: up to 2 hr before; Time-1 hr: up to 1 hr before; and Time-75 sec: the 75 sec immediately preceding each event. O2 saturation progressively decreased preceding both conventional and extreme events, and progressive increases occurred in heart and breathing rate variability. Duration of respiratory pauses and of periodic breathing progressively increased preceding conventional events, respiratory rate variability increased immediately preceding conventional events and at 1 hr preceding extreme events, and O2 saturation decreased immediately preceding both conventional and extreme events. Thus, conventional and extreme events do not occur de novo but rather are preceded by autonomic instability of the cardiorespiratory system.
Talbot interferometry with curved quasi-periodic gratings: towards large field of view X-ray phase-contrast imaging (2015)

X-ray phase-contrast imaging based on grating interferometry has become a common method due to its superior contrast in biological soft tissue imaging. The high sensitivity relies on the high-aspect ratio structures of the planar gratings, which prohibit the large field of view applications with a diverging X-ray source. Curved gratings allow a high X-ray flux for a wider angular range, but the interference fringes are only visible within ~10° range due to the geometrical mismatch with the commonly used flat array detectors. In this paper, we propose a design using a curved quasi-periodic grating for large field of view imaging with a flat detector array. Our scheme is numerically verified in the X-ray regime and experimentally verified in the visible optical regime. The interference fringe pattern is observed over 25°, with less than 10% of decrease in visibility in our experiments.
Computing for Perturbative QCD - A Snowmass White Paper (2013)

We present a study on high-performance computing and large-scale distributed computing for perturbative QCD calculations.
Programmable Mechanically Active Hydrogel‐Based Materials (2021)

Programmable mechanically active materials (MAMs) are defined as materials that can sense and transduce external stimuli into mechanical outputs or conversely that can detect mechanical stimuli and respond through an optical change or other change in the appearance of the material. Programmable MAMs are a subset of responsive materials and offer potential in next generation robotics and smart systems. This review specifically focuses on hydrogel-based MAMs because of their mechanical compliance, programmability, biocompatibility, and cost-efficiency. First, the composition of hydrogel MAMs along with the top-down and bottom-up approaches used for programming these materials are discussed. Next, the fundamental principles for engineering responsivity in MAMS, which includes optical, thermal, magnetic, electrical, chemical, and mechanical stimuli, are considered. Some advantages and disadvantages of different responsivities are compared. Then, to conclude, the emerging applications of hydrogel-based MAMs from recently published literature, as well as the future outlook of MAM studies, are summarized.
Characterisation of a functional rat hepatocyte spheroid model (2018)

Many in vitro liver cell models, such as 2D systems, that are used to assess the hepatotoxic potential of xenobiotics suffer major limitations arising from a lack of preservation of physiological phenotype and metabolic competence. To circumvent some of these limitations there has been increased focus on producing more representative 3D models. Here we have used a novel approach to construct a size-controllable 3D hepatic spheroid model using freshly isolated primary rat hepatocytes (PRH) utilising the liquid-overlay technique whereby PRH spontaneously self-assemble in to 3D microtissues. This system produces viable spheroids with a compact in vivo-like structure for up to 21 days with sustained albumin production for the duration of the culture period. F-actin was seen throughout the spheroid body and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) transporters had polarised expression on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes within the spheroids upon formation (day 3). The MRP2 transporter was able to functionally transport 5 μM 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) substrates into these canalicular structures. These PRH spheroids display in vivo characteristics including direct cell-cell contacts, cellular polarisation, 3D cellular morphology, and formation of functional secondary structures throughout the spheroid. Such a well-characterised system could be readily exploited for pre-clinical and non-clinical repeat-dose investigations and could make a significant contribution to replace, reduce and refine the use of animals for applied research.
Sulfonation of polystyrene: Toward the “ideal” polyelectrolyte (2013)

ABSTRACT Sulfonation of narrow polydispersity polystyrene, PS, standards remains the method of choice for generating polystyrene sulfonate, PSS, samples with defined composition. Although a variety of sulfonation techniques have been described, relatively little is reported on the material obtained, which is used for so many studies on the fundamental behavior of polyelectrolytes. Here, we show that powdered polystyrene treated with concentrated sulfuric acid (96%) at 90 °C without catalyst yields fully sulfonated PSS. Extensive characterization with 1 H and 13 C NMR as well as size exclusion chromatography coupled with static and dynamic light scattering shows no evidence of sulfone crosslinking or chain degradation under the conditions used. Though mono‐sulfonated as soon as it dissolves in the acid, the PSS contains about 6% meta substitution. Sulfonation kinetics for this heterogeneous reaction depend strongly on particle size, sulfuric acid content and temperature. For preparing perdeuterated PSS from the corresponding PS it is essential to employ D 2 SO 4 , as about half of the aromatic units undergo H/D exchange during sulfonation. The remaining ortho H/D may be exchanged with extended exposure to the concentrated sulfuric acid, but the meta site is deactivated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2416–2624
Algorithmic Solutions for Several Time- and Resource-Constrained Job Scheduling and Sequencing Problems (2010)

The ideas for some of the algorithms presented in this paper were developed in the following contexts: - the first author was the coach of the ACM ICPC team of the second author several years in a row (at the Politehnica University of Bucharest) - the two authors were members of the scientific committee of the Romanian ACM ICPC national contest Under these conditions many algorithmic problems were both solved and developed by the two authors (some examples can be seen in the related_materials.zip archive)
&lt;title&gt;New low-noise, random access, radiation-resistant and large-format charge-injection device (CID) imagers&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

New low-noise CID imagers are being created to meet the demanding requirements of scientific instrumentation, high-speed tracking and nuclear inspection applications. The imagers incorporate new process technology and/or new low-noise architectures to exploit inherent unique CID features including random pixel addressability, true non-destructive pixel readout (NDRO), two-dimensional windowing (sub-array readout), and exceptional resistance to the effects of ionizing radiation. These CID features enable the user to monitor and dynamically adapt application exposure levels in real-time, reduce noise, and read out small sub-arrays of pixels at exceptionally fast rates. Due to their radiation tolerance characteristics, the devices can operate in harsh radiation environments and actually image (detect) the incoming radiation. Device formats and performance features are summarized.
Developing Synthetic Methods for Bioactive Phosphorus Compounds Using H-Phosphonate Chemistry: A Progress Report (2003)

In this paper a short account of our recent research concerning the development of new synthetic methods and reagents for the preparation of nucleotides and their analogues, is given.
Blocking analysis and optimized design of a class of circuit-switched multicast networks (2002)

We present a blocking analysis and optimized design method for a wide-area multicast videoconferencing service which interconnects subscriber locations via circuit-switched DS-1 multicast control units (MCUs). Optimization leads to a configuration of MCUs in which the end-to-end blocking of random multicast traffic meets a target specification with a minimum total number of MCUs. The analytical model is validated by a detailed network emulation. The analysis and simulator are intended for use in a planning system to support operation of the planned multicast services.
Recent advances in PCS antenna design and measurement (2002)

Mobile communications are taking more and more importance in everyday life, creating the need for smaller and lighter mobile terminals. Unlike the electronic circuits, the size of an antenna is not technology related, but imposed by the wavelength of a given application. This makes antenna miniaturization to an art of compromise between size and radiation performances. In this presentations we will first state the limitations of antenna miniaturization, by reminding of the well known laws linking gain, bandwidth and antenna size. Then some well known ways to reduce antennas sizes will be reviewed and illustrated on a practical example designed and realized in our laboratory. Finally, we will deal with the non trivial problem of small antenna measurement: the problems encountered when measuring small antenna will be presented and some clues on how to proceed correctly will be given.
Back Cover: Enhancement of Donor–Acceptor Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Power Conversion Efficiencies by Addition of Au Nanoparticles (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 24/2011) (2011)

The addition of an optimized amount (5 wt %) of truncated octahedral nanoparticles with 70 nm diameter leads to an increase in power conversion efficiency in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells. In their Communication on page 5519 ff., J. H. Park, O O. Park, A. J. Heeger, et al. describe the fabrication of such solar cells from a variety of donor polymers and PC70BM as acceptor.
Table S1, S2 from DAB2IP Is a Bifunctional Tumor Suppressor That Regulates Wild-Type RAS and Inflammatory Cascades in KRAS Mutant Colon Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: Genes enriched in tumor macrophages, Table S2: The methylation of RASGAPs in human colorectal cancer (TCGA)&lt;/p&gt;
313 Fundamental study on Laser Trapping using Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (2001)

The purpose of this study to accomplish three-dimensional trapping of micro objects by a YAG laser with the Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (LCSLM). This paper describes a prototype experimental system. The experimental result shows that performance of phase modulation decreases with the increases of temperature of LCSLM. For this reason, the cooling system is necessary for LCSLM. The experimental result using cooling system shows a constant performance of phase modulation for a LCSLM. Using the cooled LCSLM, we have carried out the two-dimensional trapping of a particle. Using YAG laser a global trapping system has been developed by cooled LCSLM.
Practical Racemic and Asymmetric Formal Total Syntheses of the Homocamptothecin Derivative and Anticancer Agent Diflomotecan via Tertiary Homoallylic Alcohols as Masked Aldol Equivalents. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Cross-Linked, Monodisperse Core−Shell and Inverted Core−Shell Colloidal Particles. Polystyrene/Poly(<i>tert</i>-butyl Acrylate) Core−Shell and Inverse Core−Shell Particles (1999)

We report on the synthesis of nearly monodisperse phase-separated polymer latexes with a well-defined core−shell morphology. Styrene/diisopropenylbenzene and tert-butyl acrylate/ethylene glylcol-diacrylate were used for either the core or shell of the composite microgel particles. A major concern of the paper is the detailed characterization of the core−shell and inverse core−shell particles by static and dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, solid-state NMR, and the analytical ultracentrifuge. The effect of the cross-linking agent on the final phase-separated morphology is discussed and compared with theoretical predictions.
A perceptual map for gait symmetry quantification and pathology detection (2015)

This system, which estimates a perceptual color map providing a quick overview of asymmetry existing in the gait cycle of a subject, can be easily exploited for disease progression, recovery cues from post-operative surgery (e.g., to check the healing process or the effect of a treatment or a prosthesis) or might be used for other pathologies where gait asymmetry might be a symptom.
INFLUENCE OF FIBER TYPE AND COATING ON THE COMPOSITE PROPERTIES OF EPDM COMPOUNDS REINFORCED WITH SHORT ARAMID FIBERS (2013)

ABSTRACT There is a renewed interest in the application of short aramid fibers in elastomers because of the considerable improvement in mechanical and dynamic properties of the corresponding rubber composites. Possible applications of short aramid fiber–reinforced elastomers are tires, dynamically loaded rubber seals, diaphragms, engine mounts, transmission belts, conveyer belts, and hoses. Our studies are related to the investigation of dispersion, length distribution, and the fiber–matrix interaction of two types of short aramid fibers, standard coated and resorcinol formaldehyde latex (RFL) coated, in ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM). Because the detection of the polymer fiber morphology in rubber compounds is hampered in the presence of carbon black, which is typically used in industrial elastomer compounds, fiber length, fiber length distribution, and dispersion are investigated in corresponding carbon black–free model compounds. Optical methods, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing are employed to explore the short aramid fiber–reinforced elastomer composites. The effects of morphology and fiber–matrix interaction on the mechanical properties of composites are discussed. Regarding fiber type, it is shown that co-poly-(paraphenylene/3,4′-oxydiphenylene terephthalamide) (PP/ODPTA) fibers end up with a higher final length than does poly(para-phenylene terephtalamide) (PPTA), which results in considerably higher mechanical properties of corresponding rubber compounds. For each fiber type, the higher final length as a result of RFL coating and the interaction with the rubber matrix are the key factors that overcome even the negative effect of poorer dispersion of RFL-coated fibers. The differences between the short aramid fibers and aramid cords regarding the RFL coating are also discussed.
Full-mouth composite rehabilitation of a mixed erosion and attrition patient: a case report with v-shaped veneers and ultra-thin CAD/CAM composite overlays. (2014)

Loss of tooth substance has become a common pathology in modern society. It is of multifactorial origin, may be induced by a chemical process or by excessive attrition, and frequently has a combined etiology. Particular care should be taken when diagnosing the cause of dental tissue loss, in order to minimize its impact. Several publications have proposed the use of minimally invasive procedures to treat such patients in preference to traditional full-crown rehabilitation. The use of composite resins, in combination with improvements in dental adhesion, allows a more conservative approach. In this paper, we describe the step-by-step procedure of full-mouth composite rehabilitation with v-shaped veneers and ultra-thin computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM)- generated composite overlays in a young patient with a combination of erosion and attrition disorder.
Coherent electromagnetic wave propagation through randomly distributed dielectric scatterers (1979)

We present a vector multiple-scattering analysis of the coherent wave propagation through an inhomogeneous media consisting of a random distribution of identical, oriented, nonspherical, dielectric scatterers. The single-scattering aspect of the problem is dealt with through application of the transition or $T$ matrix. Configurational averaging techniques are employed to determine the "hole" correction integrals which are subsequently solved to yield the dispersion relations characterizing the bulk or effective properties of the medium. Closed-form solutions in the Rayleigh limit are derived for both spherical and spheroidal scatterer geometries. These solutions, together with the $T$ matrix, form the basis of our computational method for determining the coherent wave phase velocity and attenuation as a function of frequency ($\mathrm{ka}$) and scatterer concentration. Numerical results are presented for spherical and oblate spheroidal geometries over a range of $\mathrm{ka}$ values (0.05-2.0) and scatterer concentrations (0.05-0.20).
Low Temperature Emergence in Crop Plants (1997)

Summary In Canada, seeding of agronomically important crops takes place during the early months of spring when temperatures are well below the optimum. Low temperature reduces the rate and success of germination. This in turn can result in slow asynchronous emergence from the soil and poor stand establishment. As emergence is a function of both germination and early seedling growth, the effect of low temperature on these developmental processes is of great interest. This review examines how low temperature affects germination and early seedling growth in relation to biochemical and molecular processes. As Brassica napus L. cv. Westar, canola, does not exhibit primary or secondary dormancy, it serves as an ideal species in which to study low temperature emergence. First, emergence is reviewed by independent sections covering germination and early seedling growth. Germination is dissected into the three phases of germination. Early seedling growth is broken into sections covering storage reserve mobilization, the expression of gene sets related to developmental stages, and the role of ABA. Next, comparisons between chilling injury in seeds and chilling injury in plants, oxidative stress, and seed priming are discussed. Finally, the current state of experimental evidence and results are used to resynthesize low temperature emergence in Brassica napus with final thoughts on future directions.
Roles of additives in scratch resistance of high crystallinity polypropylene copolymers (2001)

Abstract Scratch behavior in neat and talc‐filled high crystallinity polypropylene (PP) copolymers containing various additives is investigated using a cosntant load scratch test and two types of indentation tests (Rockwell and Shore D). The talcfilled PP copolymer exhibits high scratch visibilityand scratch depth. The addition of a nucleating agent or lubricant improves the scratch resistance of the talc‐filled PP copolymer. Differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to characterize crystallinity morphology and scratch mechanisms in PP systems. It is found that the scratch resistance of the PP copolymer systems investigated, in terms of scratch depth and scratch visibility, depends mainly on the fracture features generated during the scratch process. The influences of talc, nucleating agent and lubricant on the scratch behavior of PP are discussed.
Guided contrastive self-supervised pre-training for automatic speech recognition (2022)

Contrastive Predictive Coding (CPC) is a representation learning method that maximizes the mutual information between intermediate latent representations and the output of a given model. It can be used to effectively initialize the encoder of an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. We present a novel modification of CPC called Guided Contrastive Predictive Coding (GCPC). Our proposed method maximizes the mutual information between representations from a prior-knowledge model and the output of the model being pre-trained, allowing prior knowledge injection during pre-training. We validate our method on 3 ASR tasks: German, French and English. Our method outperforms CPC pre-training on all three datasets, reducing the Word Error Rate (WER) by 4.44%, 6.55% and 15.43% relative on the German, French and English (Librispeech) tasks respectively, compared to training from scratch, while CPC pre-training only brings 2.96%, 1.01% and 14.39% relative WER reduction respectively.
Cost-Effective Production of Powder Metallurgy Titanium Components for High-Volume Commercial Applications (2010)

Final report for CRADA 234 with ADMA PRoducts Inc.