gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of cytotoxic T cells specific for minor histocompatibility antigens by cross challenge in vitro with H-2 disparate adherent cells. (1985)

Although it is well known that an H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cell response to minor histocompatibility antigens (MIHA) can be primed in vivo with H-2 disparate spleen cells, it has not been previously possible to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors (CTLp) in vitro by this type of challenge. In this work, we demonstrate that the inability to cross challenge in vitro is due to the existence of inhibitory effects that can be obviated by cell fractionation, and to insufficient priming in vivo. BALB/c CTLp (H-2d) that have been repeatedly primed in vivo with B10.D2 can be challenged in vitro with C57BL10/J (H-2b) or B10.BR (H-2k)-adherent cells to generate CTL able to lyse B10.D2 (H-2d) target cells. The H-2 restriction properties of the cross-challenged CTL specific for MIHA were analyzed by using the technique of cold target competition. Within the limits of detection in bulk cultures, the entire response appeared to be H-2 unrestricted, whether the cross challenge was with intact C57BL10/J-adherent cells, or with membrane fragments of C57BL10/J presented by BALB/c adherent cells. The frequency of CTLp responsive to cross challenge was analyzed by limiting dilution, with cold target competition at each cell number to establish the restriction properties of the MIHA-specific CTL induced. We were able to detect two subsets of H-2-unrestricted CTLp responsive to intact C57BL10/J-adherent cells; one present at high frequency (1/250 T cells) and subject to suppressive effects at high cell number, and a second present at lower frequency (1/9800 T cells). There appeared to be a relatively infrequent subset of H-2-restricted CTLp as well (1/52,500 T cells). The frequency of CTLp responsive to cross challenge is of comparable magnitude to the frequency of H-2-restricted CTLp responsive to H-2-matched cells bearing MIHA. These observations are discussed in relationship to immunodominance and clonal dominance effects in the response to MIHA.
Electro-Mechanical Traction Control for Small In-Wheel Electric Mobility (2021)

This paper proposes the motor-based traction control (MTC) for small in-wheel electric mobility in the first/last mile, such as electric kickboards, scooters, motorcycles, and delivery robots. The MTC method employs model-based torque control instead of slip speed-based control using the difference between vehicle velocity and wheel longitudinal velocity. So it is advantageous not only for agile responsiveness in the tire slip stage but also for simple implementation that does not require reference vehicle speed information. The MTC model consists of a traction force observer and a target parameter defined as the acceleration ratio to estimate the maximum transmissible traction force. It is based on earlier studies, but overcomes the pain points and demonstrates more effective traction control performance through quarter-vehicle simulation.
DUNALIELLA—A MODEL EXTREMOPHILIC ALGA (1998)

The unicellular alga Dunaliella is unique in its ability to adapt to extreme environmental conditions. Adaptation to extreme salinity involves short-term and long-term responses. The former include osmotic adjustment by accumulation of large amounts of intracellular glycerol and efficient elimination of Na + ions by plasma membrane transporters. The latter involves synthesis of two extrinsic plasma membrane proteins: a carbonic anhydrase and a novel type of a transferrin-like protein. These proteins are associated with acquisition of CO 2 and Fe, respectively, whose availability is diminished in high salinity, limiting algal growth. Both proteins are functional over a wide range of salt concentrations and differ in structure from their mesophilic counterparts in possessing additional internal repeats and in having higher ratios of acidic: basic amino acids. Dunaliella acidophila survives at pH 0–1 by overexpression of a potent plasma membrane H + -ATPase which provides effective capacity for elimination of protons. Sequence comparisons of the ATPase genes from halophilic and acidophilic species reveals variations in charged amino acid composition within a distinct extrinsic C-terminal domain of the protein. Dunaliella bardawil adapts to high light intensity by several strategies: it accumulates large amounts of β-carotene which screens the photosynthetic system against photoinhibition and it modifies the photosynthetic machinery by synthesis of a special light-harvesting protein which presumably functions in dissipation of excessive light energy. Both responses depend on synthesis of special proteins and enzymes. Signal transduction mechanisms mediating stress responses in Dunaliella are poorly understood. Sensing osmotic/salinity changes involves specific plasma membrane sterols and activation of a plasma membrane protein kinase. Induction of β-carotene accumulation can be mimicked by reactive oxygen species generators.
NK Cell "Help" Boosts the Efficacy of Anti-Melanoma Immunotherapy: Development of a Clinically Applicable DC1NK-Based Vaccine (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: Dendritic Cells and Vaccines
A Low Complexity Approach for Calibration and Characterization of a Millimeter Wave Phased-Array Transceiver-Antenna Module (2021)

A low complexity and cost-effective automated test method for estimation and compensation of combined TX/RX IQ imbalance and calibration of the phased array antenna elements in millimeter wave transceivers integrated with an antenna in package has been presented and validated. The proposed technique is an effective way of characterizing phase and amplitude imbalances even for a DUT (Device Under Test) that does not provide a direct access to the internal Local Oscillator (LO) or a divided version of that. A high-resolution digital-to-analog converter is used to provide analog input IQ signals to the input of transmitter chip and an analog-to-digital converter is used to digitize the output IQ voltages. The required voltage values equivalent to I and Q signals are generated in MATLAB or using the internal integrated processor and then applied to the IQ input of the radio transceiver. For the test in this approach, the transmitter and receiver can be either directly connected through a cable to waveguide or coupled through the antennas. By comparing input and output signals in the proposed setup, IQ imbalances are extracted and used for amplitude and phase compensation. Additionally, the method can be used for calibration of phased array transceivers. This approach can be periodically applied for different levels of the input power and over various conditions throughout the life time of the system in the field. Measurement results for a 60-GHz radio transceiver in package shows a very good agreement with the simulated ones and validates the proposed method.
Supplementary material to "Flow Synthesis of Cyclobutanones via [2+2] Cycloaddition of Keteneiminium Salts and Ethylene Gas" (2017)

A flow chemistry process for the synthesis of 2-substituted cyclobutanones, via [2+2] cycloaddition of keteneiminium salts and ethylene gas, is reported.
Toward a 3D transrectal ultrasound system for verification of needle placement during high‐dose‐rate interstitial gynecologic brachytherapy (2017)

In this proof-of-concept study, the 3D TRUS system allowed for localization of needles not obscured by shadowing artifacts, providing a method for visualizing needles intra-operatively during HDR interstitial brachytherapy of gynecologic cancers and providing the potential for 3D image-guidance.
Ocular surface complications following biological therapy for cancer (2023)

Novel and highly effective biological agents developed to treat cancer over the past two decades have also been linked to multiple adverse outcomes, including unanticipated consequences for the cornea. This review provides an overview of adverse corneal complications of biological agents currently in use for the treatment of cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the two classes of biological agents most frequently associated with corneal adverse events. Dry eye, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and corneal transplant rejection have all been reported following the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The management of these adverse events requires close collaboration between ophthalmologists, dermatologists, and oncologists. This review focuses in depth on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of ocular surface complications of biological therapies against cancer.
[Systemic lupus erythematosus with steroid induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a case report]. (2003)

A 56-year old Japanese female was admitted to our hospital because of the increased levels of serum AST, ALT, and gamma-GTP. She was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus in September, 1996 and had been on a regular glucocorticoid therapy since then. Abdominal ultrasonography showed the mild fatty liver, and hepatic histopathology revealed a typical and remarkable steatohepatitis, a remarkable neutrophil infiltration, and Mallory bodies. Because she had no history of alcohol-drinking, diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was made. Treatment was started with a low-calorie diet, bed-rest, and an oral administration of alpha-tocopherol and bezafibrate with favorable effects on her serum levels of AST, ALT, gamma-GTP, and LDH. When a patient on a glucocorticoid therapy shows signs of fatty liver, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, an insulin resistance, NASH should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis. This is particularly important since proper therapy with a low-calorie diet and drugs with anti-oxidant activities improve this potentially progressive disease before resulting in liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma.
Use of Mammalian Eggs for Assessment of Human Sperm Function: Molecular and Cellular Analyses of Fertilization by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (2004)

These assays indicate differences of the process of fertilization between in vitro fertilization and ICSI, and reflect the human sperm function especially for the 'post-ICSI events' in fertilization. More molecular and cellular analyses in fertilization by ICSI are needed for improvement of ART.
Origins and opportunity: 150 years of New Zealand entrepreneurship (2007)

Abstract In this examination of New Zealand entrepreneurship in the period 1840 to 1990, we document the origins of New Zealand entrepreneurs, and explore the differences between New Zealand, UK, and United States entrepreneurial history. Historical data is further analysed to depict the rise of alternative entrepreneurial growth strategies and the evolution of industry and financing structures, unique to the New Zealand business environment.
Synthesis and photophysics of dinuclear gold(I) thiolates of bis(diphenylphosphino)-alkyl- and -aryl-amines. Crystal structure of [Au2{Ph2PN(C6H11)PPh2}(SC6H4F-p)2] (1996)

A series of luminescent dinuclear gold(I) thiolates, [Au2{Ph2PN(R)PPh2}(SR′)2](R = C6H11, R′= C6H4F-p, C6H4Cl-p, C6H4Me-p; R = Ph, R′= C6H4Me-p; R = Prn, R′= C6H4Me-p; R = Pri, R′= C6H4Me-p) have been synthesized and their photophysical properties studied. The crystal structure of [Au2{Ph2PN(C6H11)PPh2}(SC6H4F-p)2] has been determined. These complexes have been shown to exhibit low-energy emission at ca. 600 nm, attributed to a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (thiolate to AuI) origin.
Posttranscriptional regulation of c-Myc expression in adult murine HSCs during homeostasis and interferon-α-induced stress response (2014)

Previous studies have established pivotal roles for c-Myc and its homolog N-Myc in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and niche-dependent differentiation. However, it remains largely unclear how c-Myc expression is regulated in this context. Here, we show that HSCs and more committed progenitors express similar levels of c-myc transcripts. Using knock-in mice expressing a functional enhanced green fluorescent protein-c-Myc fusion protein under control of the endogenous c-myc locus, c-Myc protein levels were assessed. Although HSCs express low levels of c-Myc protein, its expression increases steadily during progenitor differentiation. Thus, mRNA and protein expression patterns differ significantly in stem/progenitor cells, suggesting that c-Myc expression is largely controlled posttranscriptionally. Moreover, interferon-α exposure, which activates dormant HSCs, strongly induces c-Myc expression at the protein level but not at the transcript level. This posttranscriptional mechanism of c-Myc regulation provides the blood system with a rapid way to adjust c-Myc expression according to demand during hematopoietic stress.
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and SIRT3 expression are increased in well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. (2013)

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) synthesis. NAMPT expression promotes angiogenesis, DNA synthesis, cell growth and survival, and mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) is an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase which functions in conjunction with mitochondrial NAMPT to promote cell survival following genotoxic stress. NAMPT expression is increased in several human malignancies, while SIRT3 levels are increased in some malignancies and suppressed in others. Based on this, we hypothesized that NAMPT and SIRT3 expression might be increased in well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas (TCs), follicular carcinomas (FC) and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). Immunohistochemical analysis for NAMPT and SIRT3 staining was performed on these tumors using tissue microarrays. NAMPT and SIRT3 expression was low in benign thyroid tissues, moderately increased in FC, and more highly expressed in PTC. Specifically we observed both NAMPT and SIRT3 to be highly expressed in well-differentiated TCs. The data suggest that mitochondrial alterations play a role in the development and maintenance of well-differentiated TC. Since an effective pharmacological NAMPT inhibitor is currently in clinical use, further studies of NAMPT overexpression in well-differentiated TCs may be useful in selecting patients for NAMPT inhibitor therapy, particularly for metastatic well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas refractory to other treatments.
Co‐Doping of Air Plasma‐Sprayed Yttria‐ and Ceria‐Stabilized Zirconia for Thermal Barrier Applications (2005)

Co‐dopants of either Yb 3+ or Ca 2+ were incorporated into 7.6 mol% YO 1.5 –ZrO 2 (7.6YSZ) and 12 mol% CeO 2 –ZrO 2 (12CeSZ) coatings by infiltrating porous spray‐dried powders with salt solutions containing the appropriate co‐dopant species prior to plasma spraying. Co‐dopant concentration was varied from 2 to 5 mol%. Using a combination of transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive analysis, no secondary phase or Yb 3+ segregation was detected at the grain boundary of either as‐sprayed 2Yb/7.6YSZ or 2Yb/12CeSZ coatings. Dilatometer measurements showed that 2 mol% Yb 3+ co‐doped 7.6YSZ and 12CeSZ coatings shrank ∼0.6% during a 5 h soak at 1400°C, approximately the same contraction as the baseline coatings (i.e. not co‐doped). X‐ray diffraction results show that the as‐sprayed 7.6YSZ, 2Ca/7.6YSZ, and 2Yb/7.6YSZ coatings comprised of non‐transformable, non‐equilibrium composition tetragonal ZrO 2 (identified presently as t ′‐ZrO 2 ), while the 5Ca/7.6YSZ coating was a non‐equilibrium composition of cubic ZrO 2 . After a heat treatment of 100 h at 1200°C, the 2Yb/7.6YSZ coating was completely t ′‐ZrO 2 , while the baseline and Ca 2+ co‐doped 7.6YSZ coatings showed evidence of partitioning. Therefore, it appears that co‐doping of 7.6YSZ with 2 mol% Yb 3+ increases the stability of t ′‐ZrO 2 , whereas co‐doping with 2 mol% Ca 2+ decreases the stability of t ′‐ZrO 2 . The volume fraction of m ‐ZrO 2 in the baseline 12CeSZ coatings was estimated to be 88% after a 100 h heat treatment at 1200°C. 2 mol% Yb 3+ or Ca 2+ co‐doping limited the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation in 12CeSZ, with only 37% and 43% monoclinic phase observed, respectively, after a 100 h heat treatment at 1200°C; this was an improvement over the baseline 12CeSZ coating. As‐sprayed 2Yb/7.6YSZ and 2Yb/12CeSZ coatings had slightly lower thermal conductivity than their baseline counterparts in the as‐sprayed condition; after 100 h at 1200°C, their conductivity increased to that of the baseline coatings.
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques and Antennas and Propagation Announce a Joint Special Issue on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Technology (2010)

Before the emergence of ultra-wideband (UWB) radios, widely used wireless communications were based on sinusoidal carriers, and impulse technologies were employed only in specific applications (e.g. radar). In 2002, the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) allowed unlicensed operation between 3.1–10.6 GHz for UWB communication, using a wideband signal format with a low EIRP level (−41.3dBm/MHz). UWB communication systems then emerged as an alternative to narrowband systems and significant effort in this area has been invested at the regulatory, commercial, and research levels.
Sensing Mechanisms for Carbon Nanotube Based NH<sub>3</sub> Gas Detection (2009)

There has been an argument on carbon nanotube (CNT) based gas detectors with a field-effect transistor (FET) geometry: do the response signals result from charge transfer between adsorbed gas molecules and the CNT channel and/or from the gas species induced Schottky barrier modulation at the CNT/metal contacts? To differentiate the sensing mechanisms, we employed three CNTFET structures, i.e., (1) the entire CNT channel and CNT/electrode contacts are accessible to NH(3) gas; (2) the CNT/electrode contacts are passivated with a Si(3)N(4) thin film, leaving the CNT channel open to the gas and, in contrast, (3) the CNT channel is covered with the film, while the contacts are open to the gas. We suggest that the Schottky barrier modulation at the contacts is the dominant mechanism from room temperature to 150 degrees C. At higher temperatures, the charge transfer process contributes to the response signals. There is a clear evidence that the adsorption of NH(3) on the CNT channel is facilitated by environmental oxygen.
Using Mechanical Turk to Annotate Lexicons for Less Commonly Used Languages (2010)

In this work we present results from using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to annotate translation lexicons between English and a large set of less commonly used languages. We generate candidate translations for 100 English words in each of 42 foreign languages using Wikipedia and a lexicon induction framework. We evaluate the MTurk annotations by using positive and negative control candidate translations. Additionally, we evaluate the annotations by adding pairs to our seed dictionaries, providing a feedback loop into the induction system. MTurk workers are more successful in annotating some languages than others and are not evenly distributed around the world or among the world’s languages. However, in general, we find that MTurk is a valuable resource for gathering cheap and simple annotations for most of the languages that we explored, and these annotations provide useful feedback in building a larger, more accurate lexicon. 1
TIME-DEPENDENT INHIBITION OF TR CELLS GENERATION IN MLR BY IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS. (2004)

P970 Aims: Cell and organ transplantation has become a mainstay of therapy for end-stage organ failure. Recipients of the organs require lifelong immunosuppression therapy. The global effect of immunosuppressive drugs on the immune system predisposes a patient to the development of infection and cancer and may have a deleterious long-term effect on graft function. The evolution of tolerance to donor alloantigens in vivo is a dynamic process involving many mechanisms (e.g. deletion, anergy, immunoregulation, and ignorance). Regulatory cells exist not only as naturally occurring cells and they also have the potential to prevent rejection of allografts in experimental models. Regulatory T cells (Tr) are essential for the induction and maintenance of transplantation tolerance. Within the CD4+ cells, various subpopulations have been identified that have suppressive properties: CD4+CD25high and CD4+CD25+CTLA-4+ cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of immunosuppressive drugs (Cyclosporine, Rapamycin) on the generation of CD4+CD25+CTLA-4+ cells in vitro (MLR) Methods: Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors and activated in MLR in the presence or without investigated drugs. Drugs were added to subsequently cultures every 24 hours. After six days the cells were labeled with monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CD25, CTLA-4, and analyzed by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur). Results: The majority of immunosuppressive drugs act by inhibiting antigen activation of T cell. This prevents graft rejection, but also blocks induction of transplantation tolerance. We observed that immunosuppressive drugs (Cyklosporine, Rapamycin) have decreased the percentage of CD4+CD25+CTLA-4+ cells in vitro. Cyclosporine had decreased the generation of CD4+CD25+CTLA-4+ cells only when added before the activation. Compared to cyklosporine, rapamycin had decreased the level of CD4+CD25+CTLA-4+ cells from 1 to 4 days of activation. Conclusions: The investigation and characterization of new features of regulatory T cells throw light on the mechanism of tolerance induction
Animal Models for Microbicide Studies (2012)

There have been encouraging recent successes in the development of safe and effective topical microbicides to prevent vaginal or rectal HIV-1 transmission, based on the use of anti-retroviral drugs. However, much work remains to be accomplished before a microbicide becomes a standard element of prevention science strategies. Animal models should continue to play an important role in pre-clinical testing, with emphasis on safety, pharmacokinetic and efficacy testing.
RBC Transfusions in Children Requiring Intensive Care Admission After Traumatic Injury* (2014)

In pediatric trauma patients, transfusion of packed RBC and use of older RBC units are associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes independent of injury severity.
Lip modeling for visual speech recognition (2002)

In this paper, we describe an algorithm for modeling the shape of the mouth, and extracting meaningful dimensions for use by automatic lipreading systems. One advantage of this technique lies in the ability to normalize the model to compensate for scale and rotation. An error function is defined which relates the model to the image, and minimization of the error yields the best fit model. This is similar to deformable templates, but we attempt to perform the minimization in closed form. Visual only recognition was performed with features extracted from the model, and the recognition system achieved 85% accuracy on a two word discrimination task.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>