gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Thermal Buffering of Phase Change Materials by the Intramicrocapsule Sub per Mille CNT Dopant (2020)

Microencapsulation of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-loaded paraffin phase change material, PCM in a poly(melamine-formaldehyde) shell, and the respective CNT-PCM gypsum composites is explored. Although a very low level (0.001-0.1 wt %) of intramicrocapsule loading of CNT dopant does not change the thermal conductivity of the solid, it increases the measured effusivity and thermal buffering performance during phase transition. The observed effusivity of 0.05 wt % CNT-doped PCM reaches 4000 W s<sup>-0.5</sup> m<sup>-2</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>, which is higher than the reported effusivity of alumina and alumina bricks and an order of magnitude larger than the solid, CNT-free PCM powder. The CNT dopant (0.015 wt %) in a 30 wt % PCM-plaster composite improved the effusivity by 60% compared to the CNT-free composite, whereas the addition of the same amount of CNTs to the bulk of the plaster does not improve either the effusivity or the thermal buffering performance of the composite. The thermal enhancement is ascribed to a CNT network formation within the paraffin core.
Effect of Viscosity on the Rate of Photosensitization of Diaryliodonium Salts by Anthracene (1997)

We have examined the effects of viscosity on the rate of photosensitization of diaryliodonium salts by anthracene. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to monitor the photosensitization reaction in propanol/glycerol solutions of differing viscosities. As the viscosity was increased, the rate of photosensitization decreased in a manner qualitatively described by the Smoluchowski-Stokes-Einstein equation for bimolecular elementary reactions, coupled with numerical solution of the photophysical equations. Based on these studies, we would expect the viscosity change during polymerization to have a profound effect on the rate of photosensitization due to a marked decrease in the rates of the diffusion-controlled bimolecular reactions. Therefore, the rate of photosensitization may become extremely low after a certain degree of polymerization with further reaction arising primarily from propagation of existing active centers.
A Pilot Study of Liposomal Doxorubicin Combined with Bevacizumab followed by Bevacizumab Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Kaposi Sarcoma (2019)

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with bevacizumab has activity in advanced Kaposi sarcoma, but it is unclear whether the combination yields better outcomes than liposomal doxorubicin used alone.
Production of cold highly-ionized plasmas by intense subpicosecond lasers (1991)

Recent advances in high-intensity ultrashort-pulse lasers has made feasible the implementation of the transient recombination scheme for producing x-ray lasing in optical-field-ionized plasmas. This scheme involves plasmas consisting of fully stripped ions (or helium-like ions) and cold electrons. Immediately after the pump laser pulse, inversion occurs in hydrogen-like ions (or lithium-like ions) during the initial cascade of population through the excited levels of the ion. The gain duration is of the order of the radiative lifetime of the lasing transition, which is short compared with the recombination time. The major advantage of this approach is the ability to access very short wavelength resonance lines with high efficiency at achievable pump intensities. Moreover, this approach provides an ideal way of preparing the target medium for producing gain later in time on the type of transitions encountered in traditional rapidly cooled recombination lasers. There are two conditions that must be satisfied in order to produce gain using ultrashort-pulse lasers. The first condition is that the target media must be ionized to the fully stripped state (or to the helium-like state to implement lithium-like recombination schemes). The second condition is the residual electron energy produced immediately after the pump laser pulse must bemore » low enough so that the system is far from ionization equilibrium and strong three-body recombination commences immediately. The first purpose of this paper is to show the laser intensity requirements for producing optical-field-ionized plasmas which are of interest to x-ray lasing. The second purpose of this paper is to show what residual electron energies will be produced at the minimum required pump laser intensities. 9 refs., 3 figs.« less
Laser‐induced magnetisation dynamics in La<sub>0.7</sub>Sr<sub>0.3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>/SrRuO<sub>3</sub> superlattices (2015)

Laser‐induced magnetisation dynamics of a La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 /SrRuO 3 superlattice is studied by means of a single‐colour optical pump‐probe technique. Significant differences in the magnetisation dynamics of a superlattice with respect to the single layers of constituent materials are demonstrated. Below the Curie temperature T C of SrRuO 3 , laser‐induced ultrafast demagnetisation is found to be followed by a uniform precession of the magnetisation around its new equilibrium. The data is described within a simple model based on a displacive excitation of a precessional magnetisation dynamics. The model is shown to give a good fit to the experimental data. As the initial temperature approaches T C , the oscillations get suppressed and eventually vanish. The magnetisation dynamics is shown to depend on whether the two distinct magnetisation vectors in the superlattice are ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically aligned. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp;Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Real Time Hotspot Detection System Using Scan-Method for PV Generation System (2016)

This paper presents a real time hotspot detection system using scan-method about PV (photo voltaic) solar panel I-V characteristic based on the periodic inspection of the I-V curve of the PV panel in real time. The I-V tracking is performed by the means of periodic current sweeps during the normal operation of the panel. The current variation in a specific voltage range allows to distinguish hotspot cells from normal cells. In case if partial shadowing occurs to the PV panel, the PCS (power conditioning system) gives an immediate judgment whether hot-spot arises from one of the cells or not by applying the scan-method. The PCS is programed to calculate the current rate depending on the difference in the current divided by the short circuit current. From the experimental results, it is clarified that the hot-spot cells can be determined regardless of the solar intensity radiation.
Energy transfer networks: Quasicontinuum photoluminescence linked to high densities of defects (2017)

In a series of studies related to laser-induced damage of optical materials and deposition of plastics, we discovered a broadly emitting photoluminescence with fast lifetimes that we termed quasicontinuum photoluminescence (QC-PL). Here, we suggest that a high density of optically active defects leads to QC-PL, where interactions between defects affect the temporal and spectral characteristics of both excitation and emission. We develop a model that predicts the temporal characteristics of QC-PL, based on energy transfer interactions between high densities of defects. Our model does not explain all spectral broadening and redshifts found in QC-PL, since we do not model spectral changes in defects due to proximity to other defects. However, we do provide an example of a well-defined system that exhibits the QC-PL characteristics of a distribution in shortened lifetimes and broadened, redshifted energy levels: an organic chromophore (fluorescein) that has been dried rapidly on a fused silica surface. Recently, we showed that regions of fused silica exposed to up to 1 billion high-fluence laser shots at 351 rm nm at subdamage fluences exhibit significant transmission losses at the surface. Here, we find that these laser-exposed regions also exhibit QC-PL. Increases in the density of induced defects on these laser-exposed surfaces, as measured by the local transmission loss, lead to decreases in the observed lifetime and redshifts in the spectrum of the QC-PL, consistent with our explanation for QC-PL. We have found QC-PL in an increasing variety of situations and materials, and we believe it is a phenomenon commonly found on surfaces and nanostructured materials.
Optimized Low-Thrust Orbit Transfer for Space Tugs (2008)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Phase 1/2 Study to Describe the Safety and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate (BNT162b1) in Adults 18 to 55 Years of Age: Interim Report (2020)

Abstract In March 2020, the WHO declared a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 1 With &gt;8.8 million cases and &gt;450,000 deaths reported globally, a vaccine is urgently needed. We report the available safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity data from an ongoing placebo-controlled, observer-blinded dose escalation study among healthy adults, 18-55 years of age, randomized to receive 2 doses, separated by 21 days, of 10 μg, 30 μg, or 100 μg of BNT162b1, a lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified, mRNA vaccine that encodes trimerized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein RBD. Local reactions and systemic events were dose-dependent, generally mild to moderate, and transient. RBD-binding IgG concentrations and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing titers in sera increased with dose level and after a second dose. Geometric mean neutralizing titers reached 1.8-to 2.8-fold that of a panel of COVID-19 convalescent human sera. These results support further evaluation of this mRNA vaccine candidate.
The HoloLens in Medicine: A systematic Review and Taxonomy (2022)

The HoloLens (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA), a head-worn, optically see-through augmented reality display, is the main player in the recent boost in medical augmented reality research. In medical settings, the HoloLens enables the physician to obtain immediate insight into patient information, directly overlaid with their view of the clinical scenario, the medical student to gain a better understanding of complex anatomies or procedures, and even the patient to execute therapeutic tasks with improved, immersive guidance. In this systematic review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the usage of the first-generation HoloLens within the medical domain, from its release in March 2016, until the year of 2021, were attention is shifting towards it's successor, the HoloLens 2. We identified 171 relevant publications through a systematic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases. We analyze these publications in regard to their intended use case, technical methodology for registration and tracking, data sources, visualization as well as validation and evaluation. We find that, although the feasibility of using the HoloLens in various medical scenarios has been shown, increased efforts in the areas of precision, reliability, usability, workflow and perception are necessary to establish AR in clinical practice.
150 STRUCTURAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS (2012)

Background: Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of vascular morbidity and mortality in patients with atherosclerosis. Angiographic score (ASc) reflects severity of atherosclerosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Osteopontin (OPN) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between arterial stiffness, ASc, serum OPN, and oxLDL in patients with symptomatic PAD and in clinically healthy subjects. Methods: We studied 79 men with symptomatic PAD (mean age 64±7 years) and 84 healthy men (mean age 64±8 years). The diagnosis of PAD was confirmed by the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) and digital subtraction angiography. Calculation of the ASc was based on severity and location of atherosclerotic lesions in the arteries of the lower extremities. Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) was evaluated by applanation tonometry using the Sphygmocor device. Serum OPN and oxLDL levels were determined by ELISA. Results: The aPWV (10±2.4 vs. 8.6±1.6 (m/s);p<0.001), OPN (75(62.3–85.8) vs. 55.8(45.2–70.9) (ng/ml);p<0.001), and oxLDL (67(52.5–93.5) vs. 49.5(37.1–67.5);p<0.001) were different for the patients and for the controls. In multiple regression models, aPWV was independently determined by ASc, log-OPN, log-oxLDL, eGFR, and age in the patients (R2=0.45;p<0.001) and with log-OPN, log-oxLDL, age, and heart rate in the controls (R2=0.39;p<0.001). Conclusion: The independent relationship between aPWV and serum levels of OPN and oxLDL in patients with PAD and in controls indicate that OPN and oxLDL might be involved in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness in atherosclerosis and in clinically healthy subjects.
Fibre optic distributed strain sensing for open-holes specimen axial test (2016)

We have applied a commercial optical frequency domain reflectometer with high spatial resolution to measure the strain exerted on an aluminium specimen under tensile strength (open hole) test. The strain profile has been measured until failure by means of an optical fibre and by ten standard electric strain gauges. The matching between the measurement data provided by the two techniques at the strain gauges positions is excellent, except in the proximity of the hole, where the strain gradient is maximum. Due to that, a precise correspondence between optical fibre and strain gauges position near the hole is mandatory in order to measure the same strain value. The resolution attainable by the optical system, that has not counterpart in any electrical systems, enables an unprecedented spatial sampling, thus allowing a much better characterization of the strain profile along the sample.
16-Electron, non-π-stabilized Ir(H)2(H2)(PBu2tPh)2+ and 18-electron Ir(H)2(H2)2(PBu2tPh)2+: fluxionality and H/D exchange as independent processes (1998)

Variable-temperature 1H NMR studies and abinitio (B3LYP) calculations have revealed hydride site exchange in [Ir(H)2(H2)(PBu2tPh)2][BAr4′] [Ar′=C6H3(CF3)2-3,5] as well as fluxional and HD formation processes in [Ir(H)2(H2)2(PBu2tPh)2][BAr4′] that occur via independent mechanisms.
Glucose and Lipid Metabolism During Long-Term Lisinopril Therapy in Hypertensive Patients (1990)

The effects of long-term lisinopril therapy on glucose tolerance and serum lipid profiles were investigated prospectively in 30 hypertensive patients: 15 with normal glucose tolerance and the remaining 15 with glucose intolerance. The levels of plasma glucose, serum lipids, and plasma glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were determined before and during long-term (6 months) therapy with lisinopril. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed before and during long-term lisinopril therapy. Lisinopril produced significant falls in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both patient groups during the long-term therapy. Neither fasting nor post-glucose-load venous plasma glucose levels were altered in either group of patients, and no patients with normal glucose tolerance developed diabetes mellitus during the study. There was no significant change in the insulinogenic index (delta IRI/delta BS at 30 min post-glucose load) in both patient groups. No significant changes in fasting levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol were observed in either group during long-term lisinopril therapy. Long-term lisinopril therapy does not compromise glucose or lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients. Lisinopril may have an advantage as an antihypertensive agent that can be given to hypertensive patients without concern that it might alter their serum lipid concentrations or impair glucose tolerance.
Supported Bimetallic AuPd Nanoparticles as a Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes (2018)

The solvent-free selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene was carried out using a supported AuPd nanoparticles catalyst, prepared by the modified impregnation method (M<sub>Im</sub>), as efficient catalyst >99% yield of aniline (AN) was obtained after 15 h at 90 °C, 3 bar H₂ that can be used without any further purification or separation, therefore reducing cost and energy input. Supported AuPd nanoparticles catalyst, prepared by M<sub>Im</sub>, was found to be active and stable even after four recycle experiments, whereas the same catalyst prepared by S<sub>Im</sub> was deactivated during the recycle experiments. The most effective catalyst was tested for the chemoselective hydrogenation of 4-chloronitrobenzene (CNB) to 4-chloroaniline (CAN). The activation energy of CNB to CAN was found to be 25 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, while that of CNB to AN was found to be 31 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>. Based on this, the yield of CAN was maximized (92%) by the lowering the reaction temperature to 25 °C.
Yap5 Protein-regulated Transcription of the TYW1 Gene Protects Yeast from High Iron Toxicity (2011)

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to high cytosolic iron by inducing Yap5-mediated transcription. We identified genes regulated by Yap5 in response to iron and show that one of the genes induced is TYW1, which encodes an iron-sulfur cluster enzyme that participates in the synthesis of wybutosine-modified tRNA. Strains deleted for TYW1 do not show a phenotype in standard yeast medium. In contrast, overexpression of TYW1 results in decreased cell growth and induction of the iron regulon, leading to increased expression of the high affinity iron transporters. We identified a minimal domain of S. cerevisiae Tyw1 that is sufficient to induce the iron regulon. CCC1, a vacuolar iron importer, is a Yap5-regulated gene, and deletion of either CCC1 or YAP5 resulted in high iron sensitivity. Deletion of TYW1 in a Δccc1 strain led to increased iron sensitivity. The increased iron sensitivity of Δccc1Δtyw1 could be suppressed by overexpression of iron-sulfur cluster enzymes. We conclude that the Yap5-mediated induction of TYW1 provides protection from high iron toxicity by the consumption of free cytosolic iron through the formation of protein-bound iron-sulfur clusters.
Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Acidic and Neutral-pH Aqueous Solutions Using Iron Phosphide Nanoparticles (2014)

Nanostructured transition-metal phosphides have recently emerged as Earth-abundant alternatives to platinum for catalyzing the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER), which is central to several clean energy technologies because it produces molecular hydrogen through the electrochemical reduction of water. Iron-based catalysts are very attractive targets because iron is the most abundant and least expensive transition metal. We report herein that iron phosphide (FeP), synthesized as nanoparticles having a uniform, hollow morphology, exhibits among the highest HER activities reported to date in both acidic and neutral-pH aqueous solutions. As an electrocatalyst operating at a current density of -10 mA cm(-2), FeP nanoparticles deposited at a mass loading of ∼1 mg cm(-2) on Ti substrates exhibited overpotentials of -50 mV in 0.50 M H2SO4 and -102 mV in 1.0 M phosphate buffered saline. The FeP nanoparticles supported sustained hydrogen production with essentially quantitative faradaic yields for extended time periods under galvanostatic control. Under UV illumination in both acidic and neutral-pH solutions, FeP nanoparticles deposited on TiO2 produced H2 at rates and amounts that begin to approach those of Pt/TiO2. FeP therefore is a highly Earth-abundant material for efficiently facilitating the HER both electrocatalytically and photocatalytically.
Polyfulvenes: Polymers with “Handles” That Enable Extensive Electronic Structure Tuning (2015)

The fundamental electronic structure properties of substituted poly(penta)fulvenes and pentafulvene-based polymers are analyzed through qualitative molecular orbital (MO) theory combined with calculations at the B3LYP and HSE06 hybrid density functional theory (DFT) levels. We argue that the pentafulvene monomer unit has a unique character because electron density in the exocyclic C═C double bond can be polarized into and out of the five-membered ring, a feature that is not available to other more commonly used monomers. It is investigated how the energy gaps between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO, respectively), as approximate band gaps, are influenced by exocyclic substitution, introduction of linker groups, benzannulation, and ring substitution. In particular, the exocyclic positions of the fulvene act as “handles” by which the electronic structure of the polymer can be tuned between the quinoid and fulvenoid valence bond isomers; electron-withdrawing exocyclic substituents lead to polyfulvenes in the quinoid form while those with electron-donating substituents prefer the fulvenoid. Taken together, the HOMO–LUMO gaps of polyfulvenes can be tuned extensively, varying in ranges 0.77–2.44 eV (B3LYP) and 0.35–2.00 eV (HSE06) suggesting that they are a class of polymers with highly interesting, yet nearly unexplored, properties.
MEMS Microrobot with Pulse-Type Hardware Neural Networks Integrated Circuit (2015)

Hexapod locomotive Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microrobot with Pulse-type Hardware Neural Networks (P-HNN) locomotion controlling system is presented in this chapter. MEMS microrobot is less than 5 mm width, length, and height in size. MEMS microrobot is made from a silicon wafer fabricated by micro fabrication technology to realize the small size mechanical components. The mechanical components of MEMS microrobot consists of body frames, legs, link mechanisms, and small size actuators. In addition, MEMS microrobot has a biologically inspired locomotion controlling system, which is the small size electrical components realized by P-HNN. P-HNN generates the driving pulses for actuators of the MEMS microrobot using pulse waveform such as biological neural networks. The MEMS microrobot emulates the locomotion method and the neural networks of an insect with small size actuator, link mechanisms, and P-HNN. As a result, MEMS microrobot performs hexapod locomotion using the driving pulses generated by P-HNN.
Role of Villin in the Dynamics of Actin Microfilaments (2004)

Introduction Villin, a Structural Actin-binding Protein Villin as a Regulator of Actin Dynamics Perspectives References