gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next‐generation sequencing clarified why first‐line treatment with osimertinib was ineffective in an autopsied case of <scp>EGFR</scp>‐mutated lung squamous cell carcinoma (2023)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is less common than adenocarcinoma. The third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, osimertinib, is effective in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, but its efficacy in EGFR-mutated lung SCC is unclear. The patient was an 83-year-old male. He was diagnosed with SCC of the lung, and molecular analysis revealed that the tumor was positive for EGFR exon19 deletion. He was treated with osimertinib 80 mg/day. No adverse events were observed, but after 18 days of therapy, he complained of dyspnea, and a computed tomography scan showed enlarged lung cancer. The case was categorized as a progressive disease. The patient died 3 weeks later. The autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis of lung SCC, with morphology and immunohistochemical staining identical to the tumor obtained by bronchoscopy. Next-generation sequencing showed the presence of TP53 R158L, CDK6, and KRAS amplifications. The current case report shows that next-generation sequencing can explain why osimertinib is ineffective in EGFR-mutated SCC.
Commentary (2012)

We thank Dr Swanson and colleagues for this outstanding Journal Club submission. We appreciate their favorable assessment of our manuscript and agree that our work highlights an exciting new avenue in neurosurgical oncology. Specifically, development of intraoperative confocal technology could enable cellular resolution imaging not only to facilitate histological diagnosis, but also to enhance brain tumor detection in combination with tumor-specific fluorophores. The authors raise several interesting points, including the need for a blinded comparison of neuropathological vs intraoperative confocal diagnosis of brain pathology, examination of frozen vs confocal tissue sections, and quantification of the technique's sensitivity and specificity. We agree with the utility of these measures. In a follow up to this pilot study, efforts are underway to provide these data. Furthermore, the suggestion to initiate a clinical trial focusing on the practicality, reliability, and clinical impact of confocal technology in establishing an intraoperative diagnosis is certainly a reasonable expectation.
Robotic Thyroidectomy via a Transaxillary Approach (2012)

Objective Recently, various robotic surgical procedures have been performed, and most reports have proved that the application of robotic technology for surgery is technically feasible and safe. The feasibility and safety of robotic thyroid surgery was examined via transaxillary single port approach without gas insufflation. Method The study included 109 consecutive patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent robot‐assisted endoscopic thyroid surgery using a gasless transaxillary single port approach by a single surgeon (Y.W.K.) between May 2010 and August 2011 at the department of otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Results The console time for 50 hemithyroidectomy (HT) with ipsilateral central compartment neck dissection (CCND) was 45.67 min, and that of 59 total thyroidectomy (TT) with ipsilateral or bilateral CCND was 93.77 min. The amount of drainage was 194.07 mL, and the duration of drainage was 3.5 days. The hospital stay was 6.09 days. Mean primary tumor size was 6.58 mm. The average number of lymph nodes resected was 3.51 (range, 1‐19). Temporary hypoparathyroidism encountered with 24 patients in the TT group (40.7%, 24/59). There were 5 cases of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and 12 of seromas. One case of temporary brachial plexus injury occurred due to arm positioning. Conclusion The technique of robotic thyroid surgery using a gasless transaxillary single port approach is a feasible, safe, and effective method for selected patients with thyroid cancer. The authors suggest that application of robotic technology for endoscopic thyroid surgeries could overcome the limitations of conventional endoscopic surgeries in the surgical management of thyroid cancer.
Acoustic Emission Processing for Turbocharged GDI Engine Control Applications (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the field of passenger car engines, recent research advances have proven the effectiveness of downsized, turbocharged and direct injection concepts, applied to gasoline combustion systems, to reduce the overall fuel consumption while respecting particularly stringent exhaust emissions limits. Knock and turbocharger control are two of the most critical factors that influence the achievement of maximum efficiency and satisfactory drivability, for this new generation of engines. The sound emitted from an engine encloses many information related to its operating condition. In particular, the turbocharger whistle and the knock clink are unmistakable sounds. This paper presents the development of real-time control functions, based on direct measurement of the engine acoustic emission, captured by an innovative and low cost acoustic sensor, implemented on a platform suitable for on-board application. The real-time signal processing algorithms can be integrated in the actual ECU software, in order to improve the engine controller performance. Experimental tests have been carried out in a test-cell environment, using a downsized and turbocharged GDI engine. In order to evaluate the acoustic signal processing algorithms performance, and to prove the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, knocking was externally induced by acting on the spark advance, while turbocharger operation was controlled over wide and fast speed transients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Purification and characterization of a Î²-galactosidase from<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> (1992)

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum secretes β-galactosidase, giving very low activity when cultivated in a medium with glucose as the carbon source. This production is greatly enhanced during growth on different pectin related polysaccharides. An extracellular β-galactosidase was purified 26-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. This enzyme has a Km of 0.15 mg/ml, a Mr of 120 000 and a pI of 6.0. Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 4.0 and 50°C.
Supplementary Figure 4 from NT113, a Pan-ERBB Inhibitor with High Brain Penetrance, Inhibits the Growth of Glioblastoma Xenografts with &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; Amplification (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4: Plasma PK results associated with oral administration of 5 mg/kg NT113 in rats.&lt;/p&gt;
Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Conscious Mice (2008)

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an important index of renal function and routinely used in patient care and basic research to evaluate progression of renal diseases or test the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies. Determination of GFR in mouse models has been mostly practiced in anesthetized animals, which is not suitable for serial monitoring of GFR in the individual mouse. In this chapter, we outline two approaches for determining GFR in conscious mice including 1) determination of urinary excretion of fluorescein-labelled inulin (FITC-inulin), and 2) determination of plasma FITC-inulin decay following a single bolus injection. The GFR values determined using these two methods are comparable. The sensitivity of the methods in reflecting renal function was validated in nephrectomized mice and early stage diabetic mice. The effects of inbred mouse genetic background on GFR values are also discussed in this chapter.
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations Associated with First-Line Stavudine-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy: Programmatic Implications for Countries Phasing Out Stavudine (2013)

Regardless of concomitant nevirapine vs. efavirenz, therapy duration, or subtype, tenofovir was more likely than zidovudine to retain antiviral activity following first-line d4T therapy.
Oxaziridine-Mediated Oxidation Reaction of Thiolates To Give Sulfenates:  The First One-Pot Synthesis of Sulfoxides from Thiols (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTOxaziridine-Mediated Oxidation Reaction of Thiolates To Give Sulfenates: The First One-Pot Synthesis of Sulfoxides from ThiolsFranck Sandrinelli, Stéphane Perrio, and Pierre BeslinView Author Information Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique (Associé au CNRS, UMR 6507), ISMRA-Université de Caen, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 25, 8626–8627Publication Date (Web):December 12, 1997Publication History Received22 September 1997Published online12 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9717604https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9717604rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1373Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Oxidation,Oxides,Thiolates,Thiols Get e-Alerts
Molecular Self-Assembly Organic Versus Inorganic Approaches Edited by Makoto Fujita (Nagoya University). Springer-Verlag:  Berlin. 2000. viii + 254 pp. $165.00 ISBN 3-540-669488-5. (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTMolecular Self-Assembly Organic Versus Inorganic Approaches Edited by Makoto Fujita (Nagoya University). Springer-Verlag: Berlin. 2000. viii + 254 pp. $165.00 ISBN 3-540-669488-5.Neil R. BrandaView Author Information University of AlbertaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 4, 782Publication Date (Web):December 13, 2000Publication History Published online13 December 2000Published inissue 1 January 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja004784shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja004784sbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Metal coordination,Noncovalent interactions,Self organization,Supramolecular chemistry,Supramolecular structures and assemblies Get e-Alerts
Identification of Potential Prognostic Markers for Knee Osteoarthritis by Serum Proteomic Analysis (2015)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Nanocrystalline 3C-SiC Electrode for Biosensing Applications (2011)

Silicon carbide has been proved as a candidate for power and high-frequency devices. In this paper, we show the application of nanocrystalline 3C-SiC as an electrochemical electrode and its electrochemical functionalization for biosensing applications. SiC electrodes show a wider potential window and lower background current than glassy carbon electrodes. The surface can be electrochemically functionalized with diazonium salts, as confirmed by electrochemical techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nitrophenyl film is used as linker layer to bond DNA molecule to SiC. These results show that 3C-SiC can be an interesting transducer material for applications in electro- and bioelectrochemical applications.
DRUSEN CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH EXUDATIVE VERSUS NON-EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (1988)

The drusen characteristics of 38 eyes from 38 patients with bilateral drusen associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were compared in a masked fashion to 89 fellow eyes from 89 patients with unilateral exudative AMD (disciform scarring or choroidal neovascularization). The average age of the drusen group (67.4 years) was significantly less (P = 0.01) than the average age of the unilateral exudative group (72.6 years). Multiple logistic regression was used to compare the drusen characteristics in the two groups, controlling for the age and sex of the patients. Among patients 75 years of age and younger, patients with confluent drusen had an increased risk of having a fellow eye with exudative AMD compared with patients without confluent drusen. Among patients older than 75 years of age, confluent drusen did not significantly differentiate the two study groups, although confluent drusen in this older age group were more often associated with the bilateral drusen group. Focal hyperpigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium was also associated with the unilateral exudative group. These drusen characteristics should be evaluated in future prospective studies designed to determine which eyes with drusen are at greatest risk for developing the blinding complications of choroidal neovascularization.
Dietary Supplementation with Curcumin Reduce Circulating Levels of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β and Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Adults with High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease (2020)

Dietary supplementation with curcumin has been previously reported to have beneficial effects in people with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with curcumin on key peptides implicated in insulin resistance in individuals with high risk of developing T2D. Plasma samples from participants recruited for a randomised controlled trial with curcumin (180 mg/day) for 12 weeks were analysed for circulating glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β) and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Outcome measures were determined using ELISA kits. The homeostasis model for assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was measured as parameters of glycaemic control. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced circulating GSK-3β (-2.4 ± 0.4 ng/mL vs. -0.3 ± 0.6, <i>p</i> = 0.0068) and IAPP (-2.0 ± 0.7 ng/mL vs. 0.4 ± 0.6, <i>p</i> = 0.0163) levels compared with the placebo group. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced insulin resistance (-0.3 ± 0.1 vs. 0.01 ± 0.05, <i>p</i> = 0.0142) compared with placebo group. Dietary supplementation with curcumin reduced circulating levels of IAPP and GSK-3β, thus suggesting a novel mechanism through which curcumin could potentially be used for alleviating insulin resistance related markers for reducing the risk of T2D and AD.
2′‐<i>O</i>,4′‐<i>C</i>‐Methylene‐Bridged Nucleic Acids Stabilize Metal‐Mediated Base Pairing in a DNA Duplex (2018)

The 2'-O,4'-C-methylene-bridged or locked nucleic acid (2',4'-BNA/LNA), with an N-type sugar conformation, effectively improves duplex-forming ability. 2',4'-BNA/LNA is widely used to improve gene knockdown in nucleic acid based therapies and is used in gene diagnosis. Metal-mediated base pairs (MMBPs), such as thymine (T)-Hg<sup>II</sup> -T and cytosine (C)-Ag<sup>I</sup> -C have been developed and used as attractive tools in DNA nanotechnology studies. This study aimed to investigate the application of 2',4'-BNA/LNA in the field of MMBPs. 2',4'-BNA/LNA with 5-methylcytosine stabilized the MMBP of C with Ag<sup>I</sup> ions. Moreover, the 2',4'-BNA/LNA sugar significantly improved the duplex-forming ability of the DNA/DNA complex, relative to that by the unmodified sugar. These results suggest that the sugar conformation is important for improving the stability of duplex-containing MMBPs. The results indicate that 2',4'-BNA/LNA can be applied not only to nucleic acid based therapies, but also to MMBP technologies.
Thermal instability of a super-high-pressure xenon discharge (1991)

Needlelike voltage pulses were detected when the burning voltage of super-high-pressure xenon discharge lamps was investigated. Above a certain current, the voltage pulses disappeared abruptly. The rise time of each pulse was determined to be shorter than 1 ns. The characteristic values of the phenomenon monotonically depend on the discharge current and cover the following parameter range: pulse duration, 3.4-3.8 ns; pulse amplitude, 2-5.1 V; and repetition frequency, 2.5-33 MHz. It is argued that the generation of voltage pulses is due to thermal instability of the plasma bulk, based on a higher rate of electron gas heating by the electric field rather than cooling by collisions of electrons with heavy particles. The results of an appropriate instability analysis are in agreement with the experimental observations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transmission of G145R mutant of HBV to an unrelated contact (2005)

Household contacts of HBV-related chronic liver disease patients constitute a high-risk group for acquisition of HBV infection. Some of the HBsAg mutants are associated with liver disease and some are reported to be transmitted vertically. There is limited information on the horizontal transmission of Gly 145 Arg (G145R) mutant to related contacts. Its possible transmission to an unrelated third degree contact is reported in the present study. An HBV related chronic liver disease patient; the index patient, and his 11 household contacts were studied. This included four 1 degrees, three 2 degrees, one 3 degrees, and a sexual contact. Surface gene sequencing including the "a" determinant region was carried out in HBV DNA+ve subjects. The sequences were aligned and compared for the homology. HBV DNA was found to be positive in one 1 degrees, three 2 degrees, and one 3 degrees contact, besides the index patient. Histopathological studies revealed evidence of chronic hepatitis in all these contacts. Mutation T118V was present in all the six subjects. Mutant G145R along with T118V and T143M was identified in three subjects who included one 1 degrees, one 2 degrees, and one 3 degrees contact. Presence of T118V and T143M mutations along with G145R mutation in these subjects provides an indirect evidence for the possible horizontal transmission of G145R HBV variant to a 3 degrees unrelated contact. Of these three contacts with G145R mutation, only one 1 degrees contact was found to be HBsAg-ve. The data also reaffirms the earlier finding of HBsAg positivity in presence of G145R mutation of the S-gene. HBV exists as quasi-species and mixed population in subjects with chronic HBV infection.
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-1,3-thiazin-2-ones via Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of <i>N</i>-Alkylisothiazolidines (2004)

[reaction: see text] The [Rh(COD)Cl]2- and KI-catalyzed carbonylation of functionalized N-alkylisothiazolidines in toluene gives the corresponding tetrahydro-2H-1,3-thiazin-2-ones in good yield. The carbonylation reaction occurred site-selectively at the S-N bond of the isothiazolidine ring. The reaction is believed to proceed via oxidative addition, followed by CO insertion and reductive elimination to form the tetrahydro-2H-1,3-thiazin-2-one derivatives.
Small‐angle scattering as a tool for the study of microemulsion structure (1988)

Abstract Microemulsions are equilibrium dispersions of oil and water stabilized by a surfactant‐rich sheet at the internal oil‐water interfaces. The domains of oil and water have characteristic dimensions of a few hundred Ångstroms, and so are appropriate for study with small‐angle scattering. The scattering from droplets of oil in water or water in oil may be modelled well with modern representations of the structure of colloidal suspensions, but the structure of microemulsions containing comparable amounts of oil and water is likely bicontinuous and is well represented as a disordered lamellar structure. Recent theoretical and experimental results are reviewed and extended.
Immunohistochemistry of the Androgen Receptor in Human Benign and Malignant Prostate Tissue (1993)

The role of the androgen receptor in the development and progression of prostatic carcinoma has not been defined. The development of androgen receptor antibodies has provided new opportunities for direct immunohistochemical analysis. We compared the androgen receptor staining characteristics of fresh human prostatic carcinoma with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using an avidin-biotin complex method. Cancer and BPH obtained from the same radical retropubic prostatectomy specimen in 10 prostate cancer patients (68.5 +/- 7.3 years old standard deviation) and BPH from 10 noncancer patients (71.5 +/- 7.7 years old) were incubated with AR52, a rabbit polyclonal antibody against a synthetic androgen receptor peptide. Nuclei within each section were graded for intensity of androgen receptor staining (0-absent, 1-weak, 2-moderate or 3-strong) and the percentage (0 to 100%) of nuclei sampled staining at each of these intensity levels was determined. A total intensity score (0 to 300) was the summation of the products of each intensity score (0 to 3) and their corresponding percentages. Cancer sections (166 +/- 69) stained less intensely and more heterogeneously than BPH in cancer patients (246 +/- 41, Student's t test p < 0.05) and noncancer patients (225 +/- 39, p < 0.05). The decreased intensity and greater heterogeneity of androgen receptor staining in cancer tissue may implicate a quantitative or functional difference in androgen receptor between prostatic carcinoma and BPH.
ADAMTS5 Deficiency Protects Mice From Chronic Tobacco Smoking-induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (2017)

N/A.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Ring‐Opening of Epoxides with N‐Biaryl Sulfonamides in the Synthesis of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 Inhibitors. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase-matched THz-wave generation in a planar GaAs waveguide (2008)

Using near-degenerate optical parametric oscillator operating at ~2 microns as a dual-wavelength pump source, we generated tunable THz radiation near 2 THz, at a microwatt power level, with TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> propagation mode of a planar GaAs waveguide.