gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Log-Likelihood Clustering-Enabled Passive RF Sensing for Residential Activity Recognition (2018)

Physical activity recognition is an important research area in pervasive computing because of its importance for e-healthcare, security, and human-machine interaction. Among various approaches, passive radio frequency sensing is a well-tried radar principle that has potential to provide the unique solution for non-invasive activity detection and recognition. However, this technology is still far from mature. This paper presents a novel hidden Markov model-based log-likelihood matrix for characterizing the Doppler shifts to break the fixed sliding window limitation in traditional feature extraction approaches. We prove the effectiveness of the proposed feature extraction method by K-means & K-medoids clustering algorithms with experimental Doppler data gathered from a passive radar system. The results show that the time adaptive log-likelihood matrix outperforms the traditional singular value decomposition, principal component analysis, and physical feature-based approaches, and reaches 80% in recognizing rate.
Buffer architectures for predictable quality of service at the ATM layer (2002)

Providing guaranteed quality of service (QoS) in cell and packet based networks places additional demands upon the design of switch fabrics. This paper considers the application of various fundamental buffering approaches in ATM, for support of predictable QoS. The paper identifies the functional requirements of the switch fabric at the ATM layer, and make recommendations for an improved architecture that considers QoS at the switch fabric level. The relative merits of each buffering scheme has been determined by applying realistic broadband traffic loads involving CBR, VBR and UBR traffic to simulated models of the buffer strategies. Simulation results are presented, along with a performance analysis for each scheme. The resultant architecture allows switches to be realised which have reliable and predictable parameters in the ATM layer and which guarantee QoS as well as reducing connection admission control complexity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropenes in Metallacycle‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling with Alkynes: Convergent Synthesis of Highly Substituted Vinylcyclopropanes. (2016)

Abstract The cross‐coupling reactions proceed with high diastereoselectivity and favor the formation of 1,2,3‐trisubstituted cyclopropanes.
(134) Effect of Seed Source and Organic Management on Agronomic Performance of Three Species of Echinacea (2006)

Consumption of Echinacea , one of the most popular botanical supplements, continues to expand in the United States. In addition, organic herbal products have captured a large share of the botanical supplement market. We evaluated commercial organic production of the three most-important medicinal species of Echinacea, E. angustifolia DC, E. purpurea (L) Moench., and E. pallida (Nutt.) from two seed sources. Plants were grown in the field for 3 consecutive years. We found that, during the first year, screen cages were associated with enhanced post-transplanting establishment. Growth of E. angustifolia was not affected by either production system or seed source after 3 years, and yields were equivalent for years 2 and 3 for this species. Growth of E. purpurea was affected by production system, but not by seed source, during the first 2 years. In year 3, neither seed source nor production system affected growth of E. purpurea . Yield of E. pallida was greater in the open field the first year; no difference between production systems was found during the second; and, by the third year, plants growing in screened cages produced more than plants growing in the open field. Production system affected yield of E. purpurea only during year 2, and yield was greater in the open field than in screened cages. Echinacea plants in the open field, however, were more affected by aster yellows disease, with an infection rate of 17% for E. purpurea in the open field compared to 3% under screen cages. Based on these results, in areas of aster yellows incidence, excellent Echinacea root yields can be obtained under screen cages using organic seeds.
Dual‐Responsive Photocatalytic Polymer Nanogels (2019)

Abstract Selective activation of photocatalysts under constant light conditions has recently been targeted to produce multi‐responsive systems. However, controlled activation, with easy recovery of the photocatalysts, induced by external stimuli remains a major challenge. Mimicking the responsiveness of biological systems to multiple triggers can offer a promising solution. Herein, we report dual‐responsive polymer photocatalysts in the form of nanogels consisting of a cross‐linked poly‐ N ‐isopropylacrylamide nanogel, copolymerised with a photocatalytically active monomer. The dual‐responsive polymer nanogels undergo a stark decrease in diameter with increasing temperature, which shields the photocatalytic sites, decreasing the activity. Temperature‐dependent photocatalytic formation of NAD+ in water demonstrates the ability to switch photocatalysis on and off. Moreover, the photocatalysed syntheses of several fine chemicals were carried out to demonstrate the utility of the designed material.
Loss analysis and optimum design of a highly efficient and compact CMOS DC–DC converter with novel transistor layout using 60 nm multipillar-type vertical body channel MOSFET (2018)

In this paper, we present a novel transistor layout of multi pillar-type vertical body-channel (BC) MOSFET for cascode power switches for improving the efficiency and compactness of CMOS DC–DC converters. The proposed layout features a stacked and multifingered layout to suppress the loss due to parasitic components such as diffusion resistance and contact resistance. In addition, the loss of each MOSFET, which configures cascode power switches, is analyzed, and it is revealed that the total optimum gate width and loss with the high-side (HS) n-type MOSFET topology are 27 and 16% smaller than those with the HS p-type MOSFET topology, respectively. Moreover, a circuit simulation of 2.0 to 0.8 V, 100 MHz CMOS DC–DC converters with the proposed layout is carried out by using experimentally extracted models of BSIM4 60 nm vertical BC MOSFETs. The peak efficiency of the HS n-type MOSFET converter with the proposed layout is 90.1%, which is 6.0% higher than that with the conventional layout.
Attempted suicide related posttraumatic stress disorder in depression - an exploratory study (2012)

Studies evaluating stress hormone regulation after a suicide attempt reported an endocrine pattern similar to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). These findings led to the assumption that an attempted suicide may trigger the development of PTSD-like symptoms. To test this hypothesis, we retrospectively evaluated the incidence of PTSD in response to an attempted suicide in depressed patients participating in the Munich Antidepressant Response Signature (MARS) project. 30 patients with a history of a suicide attempt were included. 46.7% of these patients reported PTSD-like symptoms in specifically in response to the suicide attempt and independent from other past traumatic experiences. The risk to develop PTSD after a suicide attempt increased with the severity of the attempted suicide and with the precautions taken to prevent discovery. Our findings suggest that depressed patients surviving a suicide attempt experience a severe trauma likely to induce PTSD. We conclude that PTSD-specific medical and psychological interventions should be considered after severe suicide attempts. Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress Reaction, Suicide Ideas, Suicide Attempts Copyrights belong to the Author(s). Suicidology Online (SOL) is a peer-reviewed open-access journal publishing under the Creative Commons License 3.0. Language: en
Raman investigation of molecular beam epitaxy grown InGaAlAs epilayers lattice matched to InP for low Al concentrations (1998)

Room temperature Raman measurements on a series of molecular beam epitaxy grown In0.53Ga0.47−xAlxAs epilayers lattice matched to InP substrates have been carried out for the composition range 0⩽x⩽0.08. This low Al composition range is important for tailoring the well gap energy in communication device fabrication. The Raman data show three-mode phonon behavior for films with Al concentrations as low as x=0.03. In addition to detecting the fundamental one-phonon scattering processes, overtone, and combinations of the GaAs-like and AlAs-like optic phonon modes are recorded. These are then used to determine the composition dependent phonon mode shifts. By comparing the separate estimates of the free carrier band-gap energy using low temperature absorption and photoluminescence measurements, unintentional doping of the epilayers by the substrate is revealed.
Standardized positive controls for detection of norovirus by reverse transcription PCR (2011)

These standardized products may contribute to the reliable and accurate diagnosis by RT-PCR of norovirus outbreaks, when conducted by laboratories located in different regions.
Rate of Nitrogen Application During the Growing Season and Spraying Plants with Urea in the Autumn Alters Uptake of Other Nutrients by Deciduous and Evergreen Container-grown Rhododendron Cultivars (2008)

The influence of fall sprays with urea on the uptake of nutrients other than nitrogen (N) was assessed using 1-year-old container-grown Rhododendron L. ( Rhododendron ‘H-1 P.J.M’) and azalea ( Rhododendron ‘Cannon's Double’) grown with different rates of N. Plants were grown with a complete fertilizer containing different N rates from May to Sept. 2004 sprayed or not with urea in the fall of 2004 and grown with a complete fertilizer containing different N rates in the spring of 2005. Urea sprays altered uptake of nutrients other than just N although fertilizer application with other nutrients ceased before plants were sprayed with urea. Across a wide range of plant sizes and N status, urea sprays increased net phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) uptake and decreased net potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) uptake during the year of urea application. Spraying plants with urea altered nutrient demand and storage in different plant structures during the winter. For azalea, urea sprays increased P demand by roots, Mn demand by 2004 stems, and Cu demand by stems. Urea also decreased storage of K in roots and 2004 stems of azalea and Mg in roots. For rhododendron, urea sprays increased P demand by 2003 stems and 2004 leaves and Mn demand by 2004 leaves. Urea sprays also decreased storage of K and Mg in 2004 leaves of rhododendron. For both cultivars, urea sprays increased mobilization of iron (Fe) from storage and demand for Fe in stems. Spraying Rhododendron with urea in the fall altered uptake and demand for certain nutrients during the following spring. Urea sprays in the fall of 2004 increased uptake and possibly demand for P, K, and sulfur during the spring of 2005 for both cultivars, the uptake of calcium by rhododendron, and the uptake of Mg and Mn by azalea. Our results indicate that when growers spray plants with urea in the fall, spring fertilizer practices may need to be modified to account for increased uptake or demand of certain nutrients.
A Simple Fragment of Cyclic Acyldepsipeptides Is Necessary and Sufficient for ClpP Activation and Antibacterial Activity (2014)

The development of new antibacterial agents, particularly those with unique biological targets, is essential to keep pace with the inevitable emergence of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. We identified the minimal structural component of the cyclic acyldepsipeptide (ADEP) antibiotics that exhibits antibacterial activity. We found that N-acyldifluorophenylalanine fragments function via the same mechanism of action as ADEPs, as evidenced by the requirement of ClpP for the fragments' antibacterial activity, the ability of fragments to activate Bacillus subtilis ClpP in vitro, and the capacity of an N-acyldifluorophenylalanine affinity matrix to capture ClpP from B. subtilis cell lysates. N-acyldifluorophenylalanine fragments are much simpler in structure than the full ADEPs and are also highly amenable to structural diversification. Thus, the stage has been set for the development of non-peptide activators of ClpP that can be used as antibacterial agents.
Ironless machine design and novel digital control for automotive applications (2009)

Permanent magnet brushless DC machines are commonly used for automotive applications because of their inherently high efficiency, power density, reliability and low maintenance. However, in order to obtain high performance for mentioned applications, the overall hardware system can be very complex and costly. This paper presents an ironless machine design that can be used for in-wheel traction machines as well as for Integrated Starter/Alternators (ISA), controlled by a novel digital control strategy for 4-quadrant machine operation. Machine design is suitable for different radius of the wheel and is scalable in terms of power density. It does not require iron, so composite materials can be used, which was one of the limitations with conventional machine. In addition, a low-cost digital control strategy has been presented that can be used by itself, or as a subsystem of a more complex control scheme. For applications that do not require a high degree of speed accuracy, the proposed control strategy shows faster response when variable speed command is applied to the shaft of the machine. The implementation of this scheme is also much simpler than most existing methods used in automotive applications.
A 60W class S and outphasing hybrid digital transmitter for wireless communication (2018)

This paper presents a digital RF outphasing transmitter with delta sigma modulation for future all digital wireless systems. Wireless systems make use of complex signals with high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). High PAPR degrades efficiency performance of RF power amplifiers which results in power hungry transmitter design. On the other hand, high PAPR also dictates linear power amplification to maintain signal quality and spectral efficiency, which then compromise efficient use of power sources. RF outphasing transmitters lead the way to efficiently amplify amplitude varying wireless communication signals with switch mode RF power amplifiers. However, considerable loss occurs at the RF power combiner due to large outphasing angle variation. An all-digital outphasing transmitter with class D RF power amplifiers at UHF band is developed and fed with digitally modulated LTE outphasing signal to optimize efficiency and linearity. 70 W output power with %26 power efficiency at 8.7dB PAPR is achieved with -20 dB Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) performance.
Enhanced oxidation resistance of active nanostructures via dynamic size effect (2017)

A major challenge limiting the practical applications of nanomaterials is that the activities of nanostructures (NSs) increase with reduced size, often sacrificing their stability in the chemical environment. Under oxidative conditions, NSs with smaller sizes and higher defect densities are commonly expected to oxidize more easily, since high-concentration defects can facilitate oxidation by enhancing the reactivity with O<sub>2</sub> and providing a fast channel for oxygen incorporation. Here, using FeO NSs as an example, we show to the contrary, that reducing the size of active NSs can drastically increase their oxidation resistance. A maximum oxidation resistance is found for FeO NSs with dimensions below 3.2 nm. Rather than being determined by the structure or electronic properties of active sites, the enhanced oxidation resistance originates from the size-dependent structural dynamics of FeO NSs in O<sub>2</sub>. We find this dynamic size effect to govern the chemical properties of active NSs.
Analysis of coupled vibrations between railway vehicle wheels and a rail in both vertical and horizontal directions. (1989)

Rolling noise arises from the interaction of the vibration characteristics of rails and railway vehicle wheels through the points of contact. This paper deals with the coupled linear vibration between wheels and a rail on the basis of the previous reports taking also the coupling in both vertical and horizontal directions into account. The vertical irregularity on the head surface of the rail is regarded as a source of excitation. As a result, it became clear that (1) the vertical vibration of the rail, the horizontal ones of wheel and rail, and the vertical one of the wheel contribute to the rolling noise according to high vibration level, and (2) it is effective for the attenuation of vibration propagation through the points of contact along the rail to increase the distributed spring constants of the foundation and the dampings of the rail.
Characterization of random reactive ion etched-textured silicon solar cells (2001)

Hemispherical reflectance and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) measurements have been employed to evaluate the response of Si nanostructured surfaces formed by using reactive ion etching (RIE) random texturing techniques. Random RIE-textured surfaces typically exhibit broadband anti-reflection behavior with solar-weighted-reflectance (SWR) of /spl ap/3% over 300-1200-nm spectral range. RIE-texturing has been demonstrated over large areas (/spl sim/180 cm/sup 2/) of both single and multicrystalline Si substrates. Due to the surface contamination and plasma-induced damage, as formed RIE-textured solar cells do not provide enhanced short-circuit current. However, improved surface cleaning combined with controlled wet-chemical damage removal etches provide a significant improvement in the short-circuit current. For such textures, the internal quantum efficiencies are comparable to the random, wet-chemically-textured solar cells. In both the UV and near-IR wavelength regions, the RIE-textured subwavelength surfaces exhibit superior performance in comparison with the wet-chemically-textured surfaces. Due to their large area, low-reflection capability, random, RIE-texturing techniques are expected to find widespread commercial applicability in low-cost, large-area multicrystalline Si solar cells.
Soft tissues around an acid-etched healing abutment: a histological and histomorphometrical analysis (2013)

Background and objectives. A healthy peri-implant soft tissue has been reported to play a relevant role in the long-term success of a dental implant. The underlying mechanisms of attachment and the factors that affect the integrity of this biological seal are not well understood. The aim of this report was an evaluation of the peri-implant soft tissues around a human submerged acid-etched healing cap. Materials and Methods. Four implants were inserted in the posterior maxilla. The most distal implant lacked primary stability and, while the other 3 implants were immediately loaded the same day of surgery, it was decided to submerge this implant. An acid-etched healing cap was inserted on this implant to favor the soft tissue attachment. After 6 months, the patient asked, against the advice of the clinicians, to carry out the prosthetic rehabilitation without this implant. The implant, with the surrounding soft tissues was then retrieved after a 6 months healing period. Results. A tight connection between the soft tissues and the healing abutment was found all around its perimeter. Only in a small portion of the interface a detachment of the tissues was present. Histomorphometry showed a close connection in 97% of the healing abutment perimeter. A close connection was also present at the level of the implant-abutment junction. Discussion and Conclusion. Roughened surfaces can improve the attachment of the connective tissue to the metal surface. However, further research is required to determine the optimal surface treatment to improve peri-implant soft tissue sealing.
Mixing characteristics of different kneading elements: An experimental study (2019)

We discuss the melt-mixing characteristics of different geometries of pitched-tip kneading disks (ptKD). Extrusion experiment was performed under the fully-filled state in the kneading zone by controlling the fill lengths for different KDs. We study the variation of the particle size distribution and the rheological response of ABS (acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene copolymer) caused by melt-mixing. We found that the increase or decrease of the fine and coarse particles depends on the type of KD. Furthermore, the change of the particle size distribution affects the storage modulus at low frequencies. From these results, different mixing characteristics of different KDs are evaluated.
Chain extension in unoriented ion-containing polymers - does it occur? (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChain extension in unoriented ion-containing polymers - does it occur?Daan Feng and Garth L. WilkesCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 25, 6788–6790Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00025a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00025a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of a Symmetric Octathio Bis(calix[4]arene) Cage Molecule. [Erratum to document cited in CA121:157619] (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a Symmetric Octathio Bis(calix[4]arene) Cage Molecule. [Erratum to document cited in CA121:157619]Michael T. Blanda and Karl E. GriswoldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 26, 8315Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00105a069https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00105a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts