gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fertilitätsreduktion durch zelluläre Immunreaktion gegen Spermatozoen-Antigene* (2009)

Im syngenen und allogenen System wurde tierexperimentell versucht, den Einfluß spermasensibilisierter Lymphozyten als Ausdruck einer zellulären Sensibilisierung ge-gen Spermatozoen auf die Fruchtbarkeitsrate von Mäusen zu beziehen. Mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit ist anzunehmen, daß eine durch Milzzellenübertragung hervorgeru-fene Immunreaktion im Sinne einer Fertilitätsreduktion hauptsächlich durch T-Lym-phozyten bedingt ist. Nach Immunisierung der Stämme C57bl6 und C3H mit Spermatozoen des Inzuchtmäusestammes C57bl6 war in jedem Fall eine signifikante Dicken-zunahme der Pfoten als Ausdruck des Sensibilisierungsgrades im zellulären Immunsy-stem zu beobachten. Dagegen ergab der Test nach Immunisierung mit Spermatozoen des Stammes C3H im Vergleich zu den Kontrolltieren keine signifikante Pfoten-Dik-kenzunahme. Nach Transfer der gefilterten Milzzellen von jeweils 2 immunisierten Weibchen auf eine virginelle weibliche Maus zeigte der Footpadmeter-Test kurz vor der Befruchtung eine statistisch signifikante Dickenzunahme der Pfoten nur bei Weibchen des Stammes C3H, denen syngene Milzzellen von Mäusen injiziert war, die man mit Spermatozoen des Stammes C57bl6 immunisiert hatte. Bei den anderen Gruppen erga-ben sich im Vergleich zu den Kontrolltieren keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Eine signifikante Fertilitäts-Reduktion ergab sich in übereinstimmung mit der nachgewiesenen Sensibilisierung auch lediglich bei allogen mit Spermatozoen des Stammes C57bl6 sen-sibilisiert und befruchteten Weibchen des Stammes C3H. Sowohl bei Mäusen des Stammes C3H als auch C57b16, denen Zellen syngen immunisierter Weibchen übertragen wa-ren, ergab sich keine statistisch signifikante Fruchtbarkeitsminderung. Insgesamt scheint eine zelluläre Immunreaktion gegen Spermatozoen die Befruchtungsrate weni-ger zu beeinflussen als die übertragung von agglutinierenden und immobilisierenden Spermaantikörpern. Parallel zum im Versuch beschriebenen Milzzelltransfer spermasensibilisierter Mäuse ergab der Serumtransfer eine statistisch signifikante Fertilitätsre-duktion bei beiden Inzuchtstämmen nach Sensibilisierung mit C57bl6 Spermatozoen, also im syngenen und allogenen System. Diese an Inzuchtmäusen gewonnenen Ergeb-nisse weisen darauf hin, daß immunologisch bedingte Sterilitäten nicht nur auf humo-nalen, sondern auch auf zellulären Immunreaktionen beruhen können.
Ag Nanoparticles Decorated TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity (2019)

A highly photocatalytic Ag/TiO 2 thin film is prepared by the photocatalytic deposition of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on reactive sputtered columnar TiO 2 structures. By altering the ultra‐violet (UV) exposure time, the authors control the morphology and surface coverage of deposited Ag NPs. While a surface coverage of 1–4% (by Ag NPs) leads to a significant increase in the photocatalytic activity, depositing more Ag NPs yield a decrease in the photocatalytic performance (lower than that of bare TiO 2 ). This may arise due to the blocking of UV light incoming to the TiO 2 by the formation continuous network of Ag clusters on the surface. Such highly interconnected Ag clusters might also trigger the recombination of electron‐hole pairs. After five consecutive photocatalysis tests, the Ag (1 min)/TiO 2 thin film remains intact.
645 Preclinical development of a novel colon-targeted therapeutic for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-colitis (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapies have significantly improved overall survival in numerous cancers, but colitis has emerged as the most frequent dose-limiting toxicity associated with these therapies. Patients experiencing colitis side effects have to discontinue their cancer therapy to treat the colitis, which repositions life-threatening cancer. An ideal therapeutic would offer a colon-restricted approach to treating colitis side effects, while allowing patients to stay on their ICI therapy, an approach unavailable with currently approved therapies. <h3>Methods</h3> To test this localized approach for the treatment of ICI-mediated colitis, we have developed a new chemical entity as a next-generation candidate therapeutic designed for oral administration. Permeability was tested in predictive epithelial monolayers and confirmed in rodent pharmacokinetic studies. We tested the drug in the preclinical adoptive transfer model for colitis. In this model, immunodeficient mice are hosts for adoptive transfer of naïve CD4+ T cells. In the absence of regulatory T cells, the transferred cells drive systemic inflammation and migrate to the colon, causing disease. Without treatment, these mice develop signs of colitis including weight loss, altered crypt architecture and infiltration of the lamina propria by week four. Furthermore, we developed a live biopsy culture system to test drug effects on ICI-colitis patient biopsies obtained via colonoscopy. <h3>Results</h3> In-vitro studies demonstrate that the drug has minimal toxicity and that it potently suppresses T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Permeability studies show a limited ability to cross the colonic mucosa restricting anti-inflammatory effects to sites of ulceration and active colitis. When colitis mice were given drug by oral gavage after colitis had developed, treated mice showed a significant increase in weight over controls and improved histological scores. Importantly, markers of systemic inflammation remained unchained, and the cancer-killing ability of the primary ICI therapy was preserved. Results of the live biopsy culture studies will be presented. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These preliminary studies demonstrate that the candidate therapeutic has potential to become a novel next-generation oral therapy for ICI-colitis because it effectively limits leukocyte function in-vitro and in-vivo with minimal systemic absorption and minimal expected side effects. Given the favorable drug profile and the rapid growth of ICI therapies, our colon-restricted colitis therapeutic has the potential to improve outcomes in a large number of cancer patients. We anticipate commencing first-in-human studies in Q4 of 2021. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> None <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> The study was approved by City of Hope Cancer Center Institutional Review Board with the approval number of 19304.
Rapid computer-assisted diagnostics in intravenous coronary angiography (2003)

We developed the NIKOS-system as a minimal invasive technique to image stenosis in coronary arteries after injection of iodine containing contrast material into a brachial vein. This technique uses dichromography whereby with monochromatic X-rays one image for subtraction is taken at an energy below and the other one above the K-edge of iodine. Immediately after the investigation of the patient the subtracted image is displayed under assistance of a newly designed graphical user interface (GUI). The images are automatically preprocessed by correcting for technical influences. With the help of the GUI the physician can apply different image processing algorithms on, the subtraction image to enable an accurate diagnosis. Because the GUI has a simple handling and the implemented algorithms react very rapidly, the physicians accepted the use of the GUI.
Categorical skylines for streaming data (2008)

The problem of skyline computation has attracted considerable research attention. In the categorical domain the problem becomes more complicated, primarily due to the partially-ordered nature of the attributes of tuples.
Three new MHC haplotypes in broiler breeder chickens (2001)

Six distinct serotypes of the chicken B blood group system (which encodes the major histocompatibility complex) were identified in a commercial broiler breeder line (Line C). The B serotypes were compared by B-G restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, allele-specific PCR typing test for B-LBII family genes and nucleotide sequence analysis of expressed B-F and B-LBII family genes. The results indicated the existence of seven distinct B haplotypes. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that three of the Line C haplotypes encode new B-F and B-LB alleles.
Toward unsupervised activity discovery using multi-dimensional motif detection in time series (2009)

This paper addresses the problem of activity and event discovery in multi dimensional time series data by proposing a novel method for locating multi dimensional motifs in time series. While recent work has been done in finding single dimensional and multi dimensional motifs in time series, we ad-dress motifs in general case, where the elements of multi dimensional motifs have temporal, length, and frequency variations. The proposed method is validated by synthetic data, and empirical evalua-tion has been done on several wearable systems that are used by real subjects. 1
ChemInform Abstract: Podophyllotoxin (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
COX7A2L genetic variants determine cardiorespiratory fitness in mice and human (2022)

Mitochondrial respiratory complexes form superassembled structures called supercomplexes. COX7A2L is a supercomplex-specific assembly factor in mammals, although its implication for supercomplex formation and cellular metabolism remains controversial. Here we identify a role for COX7A2L for mitochondrial supercomplex formation in humans. By using human cis-expression quantitative trait loci data, we highlight genetic variants in the COX7A2L gene that affect its skeletal muscle expression specifically. The most significant cis-expression quantitative trait locus is a 10-bp insertion in the COX7A2L 3' untranslated region that increases messenger RNA stability and expression. Human myotubes harboring this insertion have more supercomplexes and increased respiration. Notably, increased COX7A2L expression in the muscle is associated with lower body fat and improved cardiorespiratory fitness in humans. Accordingly, specific reconstitution of Cox7a2l expression in C57BL/6J mice leads to higher maximal oxygen consumption, increased lean mass and increased energy expenditure. Furthermore, Cox7a2l expression in mice is induced specifically in the muscle upon exercise. These findings elucidate the genetic basis of mitochondrial supercomplex formation and function in humans and show that COX7A2L plays an important role in cardiorespiratory fitness, which could have broad therapeutic implications in reducing cardiovascular mortality.
Surface passivation of perovskite thin films by phosphonium halides for efficient and stable solar cells (2019)

A new class of materials, phosphonium halide salts, are used as surface passivation agents for efficient and stable PSCs.
Recent Advances in the Field of Bionanotechnology: An Insight into Optoelectric Bacteriorhodopsin, Quantum Dots, and Noble Metal Nanoclusters (2014)

Molecular sensors and molecular electronics are a major component of a recent research area known as bionanotechnology, which merges biology with nanotechnology. This new class of biosensors and bioelectronics has been a subject of intense research over the past decade and has found application in a wide variety of fields. The unique characteristics of these biomolecular transduction systems has been utilized in applications ranging from solar cells and single-electron transistors (SETs) to fluorescent sensors capable of sensitive and selective detection of a wide variety of targets, both organic and inorganic. This review will discuss three major systems in the area of molecular sensors and electronics and their application in unique technological innovations. Firstly, the synthesis of optoelectric bacteriorhodopsin (bR) and its application in the field of molecular sensors and electronics will be discussed. Next, this article will discuss recent advances in the synthesis and application of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Finally, this article will conclude with a review of the new and exciting field of noble metal nanoclusters and their application in the creation of a new class of fluorescent sensors.
Parallel Synthesis of a Novel C2‐Aryl Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) Library. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dogs as Sources and Sentinels of Parasites in Humans and Wildlife, Northern Canada (2008)

A minimum of 11 genera of parasites, including 7 known or suspected to cause zoonoses, were detected in dogs in 2 northern Canadian communities. Dogs in remote settlements receive minimal veterinary care and may serve as sources and sentinels for parasites in persons and wildlife, and as parasite bridges between wildlife and humans.
Acoustic and perceptual effects of amplitude and frequency compression on high-frequency speech (2017)

This study investigated how six different amplification methods influence acoustic properties, and subsequently perception, of high-frequency cues in fricatives that have been processed with conventional full bandwidth amplification or nonlinear frequency compression (NFC)-12 conditions total. Amplification methods included linear gain, fast/slow-acting wide dynamic range compression crossed with fixed/individualized compression parameters, and a method with adaptive time constants. Twenty-one hearing-impaired listeners identified seven fricatives in nonsense syllables produced by female talkers. For NFC stimuli, frequency-compressed filters that precisely aligned 1/3-octave bands between input and output were used to quantify effective compression ratio, audibility, and temporal envelope modulation relative to the input. Results indicated significant relationships between these acoustic properties, each of which contributed significantly to fricative recognition across the entire corpus of stimuli. Recognition was significantly better for NFC stimuli compared with full bandwidth stimuli, regardless of the amplification method, which had complementary effects on audibility and envelope modulation. Furthermore, while there were significant differences in recognition across the amplification methods, they were not consistent across phonemes. Therefore, neither recognition nor acoustic data overwhelmingly suggest that one amplification method should be used over another for transmission of high-frequency cues in isolated syllables. Longer duration stimuli and more realistic listening conditions should be examined.
TRIFECTA: Security, Energy Efficiency, and Communication Capacity Comparison for Wireless IoT Devices (2018)

The widespread proliferation of sensor nodes in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), coupled with increasing sensor fidelity and data acquisition modality, is expected to generate 30+ Exabytes of data per month by 2020. Since most of these IoT devices will be wirelessly connected at the last few feet, wireless communication is an integral part of the future IoT scenario. The ever-shrinking size of unit computation (Moores law) and continued improvements in efficient communication (Shannons law) are expected to harness the true potential of the IoT revolution and produce a dramatic societal impact. However, reducing the size of IoT nodes and the slow improvement in energy storage density leads to reduced energy availability. Moreover, smaller size and less energy means fewer resources available for securing IoT nodes, making the energy-sparse low-cost leaf nodes of the network prime targets for attackers. In this article, we survey six prominent wireless technologies with respect to three dimensions: security, energy efficiency, and communication capacity. We point out the state of the art, open issues, and the road ahead for promising research directions.
A Cournot game analysis on market effects of queuing energy request as demand response (2012)

A key way for the power grid to withstand increasing demand electricity and a more diverse and unpredictable mix of energy resources is to encourage demand side participation in the electricity market. Recent rulings by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) favor not only the inclusion of but also the compensation for Demand Response (DR) aggregators in the wholesale electricity market. In this paper, we study the market effects of including Green Energy Management System (GEMS), a future Demand Response (DR) program that will take advantage of operational flexibility of certain types of loads to shape demand profile. Compared to other more classical DR methods, GEMS use a new architecture that allows them to build reserves of load requests associated to specific end-uses, e.g., Electrical Vehicle charging. The load can be dispatched (by turning on appliances) to follow a desired profile, called “load modification”, when compared to the unscheduled load profile. To study the market effect of GEMS, we adopt a Cournot game model that is widely used to study the behavior of traditional generators in the wholesale electricity market. The players in the game include traditional generators, the GEMS, and the Independent System Operator (ISO). We determine the optimization approach that must be taken by the GEMS to maximize its profits. We also determine the market equilibrium conditions that must exist among the players. Our numerical results indicate that the GEMS' participation reduces the average market price of electricity.
Genotypes and Phenotypes of Enterococci Isolated From Broiler Chickens (2018)

The objective of this study was to compare the resistance phenotypes to genotypes of enterococci from broiler and to evaluate the persistence and distribution of resistant genotypes in broiler fed bambermycin (BAM), penicillin (PEN), salinomycin (SAL), bacitracin (BAC) or a salinomycin/bacitracin combination (SALBAC) for 35 days. A total of 95 enterococci from cloacal (n=40), cecal (n=38) and litter collected on day 36 (n=17) samples were isolated weekly from day 7 to 36. All isolates were identified by API-20 Strep and their antimicrobial susceptibilities were evaluated using the Sensititre system with the commercially available NARMS’s plates of Gram positive bacteria. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to assess their intra- and inter-genetic variability, with a focus on virulence and antibiotic resistance characteristics. All isolates were further characterized for hemolysin production (HEM), bile salt hydrolysis (BSH) and gelatinase (GEL) activities. Of the 95 isolates, E. faecium (n = 58) and E. faecalis (n = 24) were the most common Enterococcus species identified. Significant differences in the level of resistance for the E. faecium isolates to ciprofloxacin, macrolide, penicillin and tetracycline were observed among treatments. The bcrR, mefA and aac(6) genes were higher in BAM treatment than the other groups whereas bcrR, ermA, ermB, aphA(3) and tetL were more prevalent in PEN and BAC treatments. Overall, E. faecium isolates showed higher prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, but E. faecalis from litter also exhibited a significant level of resistance. A range of 4 to 15 different virulence genes was detected in E. faecalis. All isolates from litter but one (94.1%) showed BSH activities while 52.9% of them produced GEL. HEM activity was observed only in isolates collected on Day 7 (n= 9) and Day 14 (n= 1). This study confirmed that genetically diverse antimicrobial resistant enterococci harboring virulence factors can be promoted by the use of certain antimicrobials in feed and such enterococci could persist in broiler chickens and their litter, potentially contaminating the soil upon land application. This study underscores the need for ongoing monitoring the AMR enterococci.
On Design of 60 GHz Solid-State Transformers Modeled as Coupled Bitter Coils (2019)

The paper describes design of solid-state transformers operating at the frequency around 60 GHz. These transformers are approximated as two flat coils located in parallel planes (Bitter coils). A well-known formula for the mutual inductance between two loops located in parallel planes (Maxwell coils) is used to derive the approximate value of mutual inductance of two such coils. The result is improved using three correction factors. The first factor considers the increase of inductance when the round loop is substituted by an octagon. The second factor considers the reduction of inductance when the ideal wire is substituted by a strip. The third factor considers the skin-effect and proposes increasing the effective distance between the coils. The calculation of the primary (or secondary) self-inductance is based on the well known formula of ideal loop inductance, and this result is improved by the first and second correction factors. Two transformers are designed as examples: a planar transformer using the top metal for both primary and secondary, and a stacked transformer with primary in the top metal and secondary in the second from the top metal. The transformers are realized in 65 nm CMOS technology. The transformers calculated parameters are in a good agreement with that obtained using the field simulator.
Difference of Spur Distribution in Chemically Amplified Resists upon Exposure to Electron Beam and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation (2009)

In chemically amplified resists, acid generators are sensitized mainly by secondary electrons upon exposure to an electron beam (EB) or extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. Therefore, the reaction mechanisms of EB and EUV resists are analogous. In addition to the difference in the absorption coefficients and related phenomena, the major difference between EB and EUV resists is the energy spectrum of secondary electrons generated by incident radiation. Both an EB and EUV radiation generate ion pairs through ionization in resist films. The space that an ion pair occupies is called a spur. When spurs overlap, the electron dynamics changes and affects the chemical yield and distribution. In this study, the distribution of intermediate species in EB and EUV resists was investigated by a Monte Carlo simulation. The difference between their spur distributions and its effects were clarified. To calculate the acid distribution in chemically amplified resists, the single-spur model is generally sufficient for EB resists, while the multispur model is required for EUV resists.
Cyclization of Hydrazones of 2-Acetyl-1-naphthol and 1-Acetyl-2-naphthol with Triphosgene. Synthesis of Spiro Naphthoxazine Dimers (2009)

Cyclization of hydrazones derived from 2-acetyl-1-naphthol and 1-acetyl-2-naphthol with triphosgene gave naphtho[1,2-e]-1,3-oxazines, naphtho[2,1-e]-1,3-oxazines or their spiro dimers depending on the molar ratio of triphosgene used for the cyclization.
Tolvaptan Administration Does Not Affect Steady State Amiodarone Concentrations in Patients With Cardiac Arrhythmias (2005)

Tolvaptan coadministration does not alter steady-state amiodarone or desethylamiodarone concentrations. Tolvaptan concentrations did not appear to be different from historical controls. The most frequently reported adverse event was polyuria (15 of 21 subjects for amiodarone + 30 mg tolvaptan); an expected outcome due to the known potent aquaretic action of tolvaptan. The combination of amiodarone and tolvaptan was well tolerated.