gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-State and Solution Conformations of the Potent HIV Inhibitor, 4'-Azidothymidine (1994)

The three-dimensional structure of 4'-azidothymidine has been determined for the solid state and in solution. X-ray crystal analysis indicates the presence of two independent molecules (A and B) having the following conformational parameters: Phase angles, PA = 13.7 degrees, PB = 12.6 degrees (C3'-endo envelope); puckering amplitude psi mA = 32.4 degrees, psi mB = 37.2 degrees; glycosyl torsion angle chi A = -88.2 degrees, chi B = -71.2 degrees; 4'-5' torsion angle gamma A = 58.5 degrees, gamma B = 36.0 degrees. The solution conformation was determined from NMR coupling constants in D2O. Analysis using the computer programs PSEUROT and DAERM yielded phase angles (P) of 53.2 degrees (C4'-exo envelope) (major conformer) and 63 degrees (C4'-exo envelope), respectively, with corresponding puckering amplitudes (psi m) of 34.9 degrees and 45.8 degrees. A gated 13C NMR experiment was used to determine the 1H-13C vicinal coupling constants used to calculate the solution glycosyl torsion angle (chi) to be either -80 degrees or -160 degrees and a 4'-5' torsion angle, gamma, of ca. 180 degrees. These studies show that 4'-azidothymidine is conformationally exceptional among the antiretroviral nucleosides both as a solid and in solution. The C3'-endo (northern) conformation determined by X-ray crystallography is rare among HIV-inhibitory nucleosides which usually exist in the solid state in a southern conformation. The solution structure is even more peculiar in that it exists in the extremely rare 4'-exo envelope conformation.
Efficient distributed approximation algorithms via probabilistic tree embeddings (2008)

We present a uniform approach to design efficient distributed approximation algorithms for various network optimization problems. Our approach is randomized and based on a probabilistic tree embedding due to Fakcharoenphol, Rao, and Talwar (FRT embedding). We show how to efficiently compute an (implicit) FRT embedding in a decentralized manner and how to use the embedding to obtain expected O(log n)-approximate distributed algorithms for the generalized Steiner forest problem, the minimum routing cost spanning tree problem, and the $k$-source shortest paths problem in arbitrary networks. The time complexities of our algorithms are within a polylogarithmic factor of the optimum.
Rapid crack propagation failures in HDPE pipes: Structure–property investigations (2006)

Abstract The influence of molecular architecture on the rapid crack propagation (RCP) resistance of a wide variety of high‐density polyethylene pipes was investigated. It was concluded that high molecular weight, high crystallinity and a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution are important architectural attributes for RCP resistance. The ductile‐brittle transition temperature, as measured on compression‐molded specimens using the razor‐notched Charpy impact test, appears to be a reasonably good indicator of the RCP resistance of the resultant pipes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1358–1362, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Stress-induced modulation of endocannabinoid signaling leads to delayed strengthening of synaptic connectivity in the amygdala (2019)

Even a brief exposure to severe stress strengthens synaptic connectivity days later in the amygdala, a brain area implicated in the affective symptoms of stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the synaptic signaling mechanisms during stress that eventually culminate in its delayed impact on the amygdala. Hence, we investigated early stress-induced changes in amygdalar synaptic signaling in order to prevent its delayed effects. Whole-cell recordings in basolateral amygdala (BLA) slices from rats revealed higher frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) immediately after 2-h immobilization stress. This was replicated by inhibition of cannabinoid receptors (CB<sub>1</sub>R), suggesting a role for endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling. Stress also reduced <i>N</i>-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), an endogenous ligand of CB<sub>1</sub>R. Since stress-induced activation of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) reduces AEA, we confirmed that oral administration of an FAAH inhibitor during stress prevents the increase in synaptic excitation in the BLA soon after stress. Although stress also caused an immediate reduction in synaptic inhibition, this was not prevented by FAAH inhibition. Strikingly, FAAH inhibition during the traumatic stressor was also effective 10 d later on the delayed manifestation of synaptic strengthening in BLA neurons, preventing both enhanced mEPSC frequency and increased dendritic spine-density. Thus, oral administration of an FAAH inhibitor during a brief stress prevents the early synaptic changes that eventually build up to hyperexcitability in the amygdala. This framework is of therapeutic relevance because of growing interest in targeting eCB signaling to prevent the gradual development of emotional symptoms and underlying amygdalar dysfunction triggered by traumatic stress.
Flow control in resin transfer molding with switching and feedback strategies (2000)

Two recent advances in controlling flow progression in resin transfer molding (RTM) are the sequential logic control and the optimal feedback control. Both the methods have powerful features as well as limitations, and they complement each other very well. In this paper we propose an integrated control scheme combining both of them. Simulation results show that the control authority of the system is considerably expanded by the combination of the two. The integrated switching and feedback controller gives excellent performance of mold filling even in the presence of wide variations of the preform properties.
A Novel RFI Detection Method for Microwave Radiometers Using Multilag Correlators (2021)

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is an increasing problem in microwave radiometry, particularly for Earth observation, because the antennas are pointing toward the Earth. RFI has been observed at the L-band in European Space Agency’s (ESA’s) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Earth Explorer mission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) and Aquarius missions, and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and WindSat missions at 10.7 and 18.7 GHz (Misra and de Matthaeis, 2014). Therefore, dedicated onboard systems are, nowadays, a must to detect and remove contaminated measurements, improving radiometric accuracy and increasing the spatial coverage. In this work, a novel detection technique, specially tailored for synthetic aperture interferometric radiometers (SAIRs), is proposed and its performance analyzed. It is based on the change of the shape of the cross correlation function at lags different from zero under the presence of RFI. The performance of the proposed technique is compared to other common RFI detection algorithms, and its limitations and advantages are discussed. Postcorrelation detection performance is found to outperform other commonly used algorithms, such as kurtosis. In addition, it presents some convenient properties for its practical application in correlation and real aperture radiometers.
Subspecialty Rotation Exposure Across Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-Accredited Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs (2019)

Variability exists between ACGME-accredited orthopaedic surgery residency programs in subspecialty rotation exposure. Summarizing the subspecialty rotation exposure across accredited orthopaedic residency programs is useful to graduate medical education leadership for comparative purposes because they design and modify resident curricula.
Cutaneous allergic reactions to tattoo ink (2009)

Tattoo artists use many compounds to create tattoo pigment and several allergic reactions can occur as a result of these additives. The compositions of many inks have been identified; however, as new mixtures are created it becomes difficult to identify the specific ingredients in a particular ink. Allergic reactions to a particular pigment can manifest in several ways including allergic contact dermatitis and photoallergic dermatitis. Subsequently, tattoo ink or pigment allergy reactions can be classified as acute inflammatory reactions, allergic hypersensitivities, and granulomatous, lichenoid, and pseudolymphomatous types of reactions. This paper will review the clinical manifestations and the most common compounds associated with cutaneous reactions to tattoo ink.
HPM detector system with frequency identification (2014)

Warning devices, which simply notify the occurrence of High Power Microwave (HPM) pulses, are not sufficient for High Power Electromagnetic (HPEM) threat analysis. Instead, the determination of characteristic parameters like field strength, pulse width, repetition frequency, and direction of arrival allows the analysis and tracking of HPEM threat signals (forensics). A particular role is played by the radio frequency (RF) information which is newly included in the present work. As part of a comprehensive HPEM protection framework this offers both an alert with some additional information about direction and time for short term fast response and all RF related information for an attack analysis used for long-term counter measures within a protection concept.
Which positive factors give general practitioners job satisfaction and make general practice a rewarding career? A European multicentric qualitative research by the European general practice research network (2019)

This study identified positive factors which give GPs job satisfaction in their clinical practice. This description focused on the human needs of a GP. They need to have freedom to choose their working environment and to organize their practice to suit themselves. In addition, they need to have access to professional education so they can develop specific skills for General Practice, and also strengthen doctor-patient relationships. Stakeholders should consider these factors when seeking to increase the GP workforce.
Temperature-Dependent Characteristics of a GaN/InGaN/ZnO Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (2010)

This work presents dc characteristics (gain and leakage current) of a GaN/InGaN/ZnO npn collector-up heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) measured at 300, 200, and 100 K. The GaN-based epilayers of HBT were grown by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition, and the n-ZnO film was then deposited on top of p-InGaN by sputtering. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates that annealing at for 60 s in ambient improved the quality of the ZnO film. Moreover, this study shows that the current gains from the Gummel plot increased as the temperature decreased because the leakage current of the collector current is not a strong function of temperature. However, gains from the measured common-emitter current–voltage characteristics increased slightly as the temperature decreased due to a reduction in the recombination current coupled with lower injection efficiency. These preliminary results show the potential of fabricating GaN/InGaN/ZnO HBTs without dry etching to reach the p-GaN layer, as required in the emitter-up geometry.
Determination of trajectories of metallic spheres settling in non‐newtonian fluids (2009)

Abstract A “videogrammetric” system to measure the trajectory of small metallic spheres falling through a slurry‐filled tank has been developed to support fluid dynamics research. The system used two low‐cost video cameras and a combination of commercially available and custom‐built software for the image acquisition, the measurement and tracking of the spheres in the imagery and the photogrammetric operations. After a review of relevant literature and a description of the system, this paper reports on an extensive testing regime conducted to gauge the performance of the system. The results show that it achieved object space coordinate precision and accuracy better than the required figure of 1 mm. Simulation‐based analyses, to quantify the sensitivity of refraction corrections in object space to the accuracy of the three refractive indices and distance parameters involved in the system, are also reported. The results of these tests demonstrated that some parameters need only be specified to about 56% of their true value whereas others must be accurate to better than 2%. Finally, results from two examples in sphere trajectory determination are presented and analysed.
Polyoxygenated Steroids from the Gorgonian <i>Isis hippuris</i> (2005)

Eleven new hippuristanols (1-4, 7-9, and 11-14), along with eight known metabolites (5, 6, 10, and 15-19), have been isolated from the gorgonian coral Isis hippuris. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses supported the structure elucidation of known steroids 5 and 10. The absolute structures of hippuristanols were established by application of modified Mosher's method on 19. Compounds 14-19 have been found to exhibit significant cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines.
A bi-radial approach to define the sagittal geometry of the healthy ankle (2020)

The sagittal profiles of the tibia and talus can be more accurately described using a bi-radial approach as compared to a single radius.
Different-Length Hydrazone Activated Polymers for Plasmid DNA Condensation and Cellular Transfection (2018)

The recent advances in genetic engineering demand the development of conceptually new methods to prepare and identify efficient vectors for the intracellular delivery of different nucleotide payloads ranging from short single-stranded oligonucleotides to larger plasmid double-stranded circular DNAs. Although many challenges still have to be overcome, polymers hold great potential for intracellular nucleotide delivery and gene therapy. We here develop and apply the postpolymerization modification of polyhydrazide scaffolds, with different degree of polymerization, for the preparation of amphiphilic polymeric vehicles for the intracellular delivery of a circular plasmid DNA. The hydrazone formation reactions with a mixture of cationic and hydrophobic aldehydes proceed in physiologically compatible aqueous conditions, and the resulting amphiphilic polyhydrazones are directly combined with the biological cargo without any purification step. This methodology allowed the preparation of stable polyplexes with a suitable size and zeta potential to achieve an efficient encapsulation and intracellular delivery of the DNA cargo. Simple formulations that performed with efficiencies and cell viabilities comparable to the current gold standard were identified. Furthermore, the internalization mechanism was studied via internalization experiments in the presence of endocytic inhibitors and fluorescence microscopy. The results reported here confirmed that the polyhydrazone functionalization is a suitable strategy for the screening and identification of customized polymeric vehicles for the delivery of different nucleotide cargos.
Expression of eukaryotic polypeptides in chloroplasts (2023)

The present invention relates to a gene expression system in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, preferably plant cells and intact plants. In particular, the invention relates to an expression system having a RB47 binding site upstream of a translation initiation site for regulation of translation mediated by binding of RB47 protein, a member of the poly(A) binding protein family. Regulation is further effected by RB60, a protein disulfide isomerase. The expression system is capable of functioning in the nuclear/cytoplasm of cells and in the chloroplast of plants. Translation regulation of a desired molecule is enhanced approximately 100 fold over that obtained without RB47 binding site activation.
Pulsed and CW adjustable 1942 nm single-mode all-fiber Tm-doped fiber laser system for surgical laser soft tissue ablation applications (2016)

A surgical laser soft tissue ablation system based on an adjustable 1942 nm single-mode all-fiber Tm-doped fiber laser operating in pulsed or CW mode with nitrogen assistance is demonstrated. Ex vivo ablation on soft tissue targets such as muscle (chicken breast) and spinal cord (porcine) with intact dura are performed at different ablation conditions to examine the relationship between the system parameters and ablation outcomes. The maximum laser average power is 14.4 W, and its maximum peak power is 133.1 W with 21.3 μJ pulse energy. The maximum CW power density is 2.33 × 10<sup>6</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> and the maximum pulsed peak power density is 2.16 × 10<sup>7</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup>. The system parameters examined include the average laser power in CW or pulsed operation mode, gain-switching frequency, total ablation exposure time, and the input gas flow rate. The ablation effects were measured by microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate the ablation depth, superficial heat-affected zone diameter (HAZD) and charring diameter (CD). Our results conclude that the system parameters can be tailored to meet different clinical requirements such as ablation for soft tissue cutting or thermal coagulation for future applications of hemostasis.
Abstract 16815: Novel Orally Active Hydrogen Sulfide-releasing Compound, SG1002, Attenuates QT Interval Prolongation and Improves LV Function and Survival in a Murine Model of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (2017)

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has been shown to be cardioprotective in the settings of acute myocardial infarction (MI)- and pressure overload-induced heart failure; however, the use of inorganic H 2 S-donor salts lacks precision and control over H 2 S release. We sought to determine if the novel, orally active, slow-releasing H 2 S-compound SG1002 attenuates MI-induced adverse remodeling and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. We also tested the impact of SG1002 on changes in QT interval as well as 28-day survival post MI in mice. Methods and Results: After baseline echocardiography, adult male C57BL mice underwent MI by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Mice received SG1002 in the diet to achieve a dosage of 40 mg/kg/day in 2 different treatment groups: Pretreatment (Pre-Tx) starting 7 days before MI or immediate Treatment (Tx) after MI and treatment was continued for 4 weeks post MI. The vehicle group received normal chow. SG1002 improved survival at 28 days post MI in the Pre-Tx and Tx groups compared to vehicle (Fig. A). LV ejection fraction (EF) was significantly improved in the Tx group compared to vehicle (Fig. B). LV scar size as measured by Trichrome staining was significantly reduced in the Tx group compared to vehicle (Fig. C). Although LVEF preservation and scar reduction did not reach statistical significance with Pre-Tx vs. vehicle, there was a clear tendency towards improvement in both. ECG analysis revealed significant prolongation in QT interval in the vehicle group post MI, which was significantly attenuated with either Pre-Tx or Tx with SG1002 (Fig. D). Conclusion: SG1002 protects against ischemic cardiomyopathy in mice by attenuating LV dysfunction and scar size. Interestingly, the improvement in survival observed with SG1002 may be due to mitigation of QT interval prolongation and lethal arrhythmias post MI. We propose that SG1002 may be a promising pharmacological tool for treatment of ischemic heart failure.
Parameter identification of aggregated thermostatically controlled loads for smart grids using PDE techniques (2014)

This paper develops methods for model identification of aggregated thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) in smart grids, via partial differential equation (PDE) techniques. Control of aggregated TCLs provides a promising opportunity to mitigate the mismatch between power generation and demand, thus enhancing grid reliability and enabling renewable energy penetration. To this end, this paper focuses on developing parameter identification algorithms for a PDE-based model of aggregated TCLs. First, a two-state boundary-coupled hyperbolic PDE model for homogenous TCL populations is derived. This model is extended to heterogeneous populations by including a diffusive term, which provides an elegant control-oriented model. Next, a passive parameter identification scheme and a swapping-based identification scheme are derived for the PDE model structure. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of each method under various autonomous and non-autonomous scenarios. The proposed models can subsequently be employed to provide system critical information for power system monitoring and control.
ET-60 * ENHANCED THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF PRODRUG ACTIVATOR GENE THERAPY WITH A NON-LYTIC RETROVIRAL REPLICATING VECTOR (TOCA 511) COMBINED WITH RADIATION THERAPY IN EXPERIMENTAL GLIOMA (2014)

A tumor-selective non-lytic retroviral replicating vector (RRV), Toca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec), is being investigated in clinical trials in patients with recurrent high grade glioma (rHGG) (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01156584, NCT01470794, NCT01985256). Toca 511 encodes a modified yeast cytosine deaminase (CD), which converts oral prodrug 5-FC into the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) within infected tumor cells. Since 5-FU is a radiosensitizer, we investigated in preclinical models the combination of Toca 511, 5-FC and radiation for treatment of human HGG. U87 and radioresistent U87EGFRvIII cells were infected in vitro with Toca 511 and subsequently irradiated with 0, 3, 6 or 9 Gy. In non-irradiated and irradiated cells, RRV infected >95% of cells by day 21 showing that radiation does not perturb viral spread. In vitro clonogenic survival assays showed significant radiosensitization with 5-FC in RRV-infected U87EGFRvIII cells. For in vivo survival studies, U87EGFRvIII cells (5 x 104) were stereotactically implanted into athymic mouse brain and Toca 511 (105 Transducing Units) was injected intratumorally 4 days later. Mice were treated with a single cycle of intraperitoneal PBS or 5-FC (500 mg/kg) for 5 days from day 10 to 14, with or without irradiation (2 Gy/fr/day; total 10 Gy, or 4 Gy/fr/day; total 20 Gy). Mice treated with 20 Gy and a single cycle of 5-FC showed significantly longer survival compared with the other two groups (p<0.0001) and median survival was >75 days. Next, mice were treated with multiple cycles of PBS or 5-FC (intraperitoneal, 5 days every 2 weeks, 5 cycles) with or without irradiation at the lower dose (total 10 Gy). Mice treated with 10 Gy and 5 cycles of 5-FC showed significantly longer survival (p<0.0001) and median survival was >89 days. These efficacy data support clinical investigation of Toca 511 and 5-FC in combination with radiation in the first-line setting for patients with HGG.