gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Compression, Temporal Cues, and Audibility (1998)

Although multichannel compression systems are quickly becoming integral components of programmable hearing aids, research results have not consistently demonstrated their benefit over conventional amplification. The present study examined two confounding factors that may have contributed to this inconsistency in results: alteration of temporal information and audibility of speech cues. Recognition of linearly amplified and multichannel-compressed speech was measured for listeners with mild-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss and for a control group of listeners with normal hearing. In addition to the standard speech signal, which provided both temporal and spectral information, the listener's ability to use temporal information in a multichannel compressed signal was directly tested using a signal-correlated noise (SCN) stimulus. This stimulus consisted of a time-varying speech envelope modulating a two-channel noise carrier. It preserved temporal cues but provided minimal spectral information. For each stimulus condition, short-term level measurements were used to determine the range of audible speech. Multichannel compression improved speech recognition under conditions where superior audibility was provided by the two-channel compression system over linear amplification. When audibility of both linearly amplified and multichannel-compressed speech was maximized, the multichannel compression had no significant effect on speech recognition score for speech containing both temporal and spectral cues. However, results for the SCN stimuli show that more extreme amounts of multichannel compression can reduce use of temporal information.
Development of a novel clinical scoring system for on-farm diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves (2014)

Several clinical scoring systems for diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in calves have been proposed. However, such systems were based on subjective judgment, rather than statistical methods, to weight scores. Data from a pair-matched case-control study on a California calf raising facility was used to develop three novel scoring systems to diagnose BRD in preweaned dairy calves. Disease status was assigned using both clinical signs and diagnostic test results for BRD-associated pathogens. Regression coefficients were used to weight score values. The systems presented use nasal and ocular discharge, rectal temperature, ear and head carriage, coughing, and respiratory quality as predictors. The systems developed in this research utilize fewer severity categories of clinical signs, require less calf handling, and had excellent agreement (Kappa > 0.8) when compared to an earlier scoring system. The first scoring system dichotomized all clinical predictors but required inducing a cough. The second scoring system removed induced cough as a clinical abnormality but required distinguishing between three levels of nasal discharge severity. The third system removed induced cough and forced a dichotomized variable for nasal discharge. The first system presented in this study used the following predictors and assigned values: coughing (induced or spontaneous coughing, 2 points), nasal discharge (any discharge, 3 points), ocular discharge (any discharge, 2 points), ear and head carriage (ear droop or head tilt, 5 points), fever (≥39.2°C or 102.5°F, 2 points), and respiratory quality (abnormal respiration, 2 points). Calves were categorized "BRD positive" if their total score was ≥4. This system correctly classified 95.4% cases and 88.6% controls. The second presented system categorized the predictors and assigned weights as follows: coughing (spontaneous only, 2 points), mild nasal discharge (unilateral, serous, or watery discharge, 3 points), moderate to severe nasal discharge (bilateral, cloudy, mucoid, mucopurlent, or copious discharge, 5 points), ocular discharge (any discharge, 1 point), ear and head carriage (ear droop or head tilt, 5 points), fever (≥39.2°C, 2 points), and respiratory quality (abnormal respiration, 2 points). Calves were categorized "BRD positive" if their total score was ≥4. This system correctly classified 89.3% cases and 92.8% controls. The third presented system used the following predictors and scores: coughing (spontaneous only, 2 points), nasal discharge (any, 4 points), ocular discharge (any, 2 points), ear and head carriage (ear droop or head tilt, 5 points), fever (≥39.2°C, 2 points), and respiratory quality (abnormal respiration, 2 points). Calves were categorized "BRD positive" if their total score was ≥5. This system correctly classified 89.4% cases and 90.8% controls. Each of the proposed systems offer few levels of clinical signs and data-based weights for on-farm diagnosis of BRD in dairy calves.
Treatment of the Diabetic Neuropathic Flatfoot (2000)

Summary: The goal of this study was to present guidelines for the nonoperative and operative treatment of the neuropathic flatfoot deformity in diabetic patients. The neuropathic deformities of the midfoot are initially staged and graded according to the Schon Classification System, and treatment varies with the degree of severity and the patterns of involvement. Currently, most patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot secondary to diabetes are successfully managed with nonoperative treatment alone. Surgical procedures, such as ostectomy (indicated only for the stable foot with a bony prominence at the chronic phase) or arthrodesis with or without biplanar closing wedge osteotomy, should be reserved for the more severe cases or for treating a patient with complications. Reconstruction of the hindfoot is performed according to the Schon surgical algorithm. Surgery for the neuropathic flatfoot may be arduous and may be associated with complications, including osteomyelitis, wound dehiscence or delayed healing, primary or secondary failure of fixation, and nonunion or malunion. Most of these complications can eventually be managed, and the overall results are generally satisfactory. Our approach is feasible and relatively safe and may be applied to severe deformities caused by other, nonneuropathic etiologies.
Almost-everywhere Secure Computation. (2007)

Secure multi-party computation (MPC) is a central problem in cryptography. Unfortunately, it is well known that MPC is possible if and only if the underlying communication network has very large connectivity—specifically, (t), wheretis the number of potential corruptions in the network. This impossibility result renders existing MPC results far less applicable in practice, since most deployed networks have in fact a very small degree. In this paper, we show how to circumvent this impossibility result and achieve meaningful security guarantees for graphs with small degree (such as expander graphs and several other topologies). In fact, the notion we introduce, which we call almost-everywhere MPC, building on the notion of almost-everywhere agreement due to Dwork, Peleg, Pippenger and Upfal, allows the degree of the network to be much smaller than the total number of allowed corruptions. In essence, our definition allows the adversary to implicitly wiretap some of the good nodes by corrupting sufficiently many nodes in the “neighborhood ” of those nodes. We show protocols that satisfy our new definition, retaining both correctness and privacy for most nodes despite small connectivity, no matter how the adversary chooses his corruptions. Instrumental in our constructions is a new model and protocol for the secure message transmission (SMT) problem, which we call SMT by public discussion, and which we use for the establishment of pairwise secure channels in limited connectivity networks. Key words: Secure multi-party computation, almost-everywhere agreement, secure message transmission, expander graphs, bounded-degree networks. 1
Robustness in automatic physical database design (2008)

Automatic physical database design tools rely on "what-if" interfaces to the query optimizer to estimate the execution time of the training query workload under different candidate physical designs. The tools use these what-if interfaces to recommend physical designs that minimize the estimated execution time of the input training workload. In this paper, we argue that minimizing estimated execution time alone can lead to designs with inherent problems. In particular, if the optimizer makes an error in estimating the execution time of some workload queries, then the recommended physical design may actually harm the workload instead of benefiting it. In this sense, the physical design is risky. Moreover, if the production queries are slightly different from the training queries, the recommended physical design may not benefit them at all. In this sense, the physical design is not general. We define Risk and Generality as two new metrics to evaluate the quality of a proposed physical database design, and we show one way of extending the objective function being optimized by a generic physical design advisor to take these measures into account. We have implemented a physical design advisor in PostgreSQL, and we use it to experimentally demonstrate the usefulness of our approach. We show that our two new metrics result in physical designs that are more robust, which means that the user can implement them with a higher degree of confidence. This is particularly important as we move towards truly zero-administration database systems in which there is not the possibility for a DBA to vet the recommendations of the physical design tool before applying them.
Analytical Chemistry for Environmental and Human Health. Visual determination of protein in urine using Bromochlorophenol Blue and a membrane filter. (2000)

pH3.0において,ブロモクロロフェノールブルー(BCPB)とタンパク質との会合体がメンブランフィルター(MF)に捕集され,これを乾燥させると黄色から青色に変化するという現象に基づき,尿中タンパク質の簡易目視定量法を開発した。目視での検出限界は尿中タンパク質濃度として40mg/lであり,この高感度性の要因は,水溶液中で生成する三元会合体,HBCPB--BCPB2--タンパク質,中の黄色い色素化学種HBCPB-の機能に依存するところが大きい。すなわち,HBCPB-はタンパク質-色素会合体のMFへの吸着性を増加させ,更に黄色から青色へ変色することで肉眼による検出感度を著しく向上させる。尿試料を用いて,現在はん用されているクマシーブリリアントブルー吸光光度法との比較を行った結果,良好な相関が得られた(r=0.9304;n=17)。本法は特別な機器を要さず,初期腎疾患発見のためのスクリーニング法として十分な簡便性と感度を有している。
Permeability of Commercial Solvents Through Living Human Skin (1995)

A procedure has been developed for measuring the steady state rate of permeation of commercial solvents through living human skin. To get the most consistent results, it was necessary with some solvents to normalize the solvent permeation rate of a given skin sample with its [3H] water permeation rate. For other solvents this was not necessary, so the un-normalized data were used. High [3H] water permeation rate also was used as a criterion for “efective” skin samples that gave erroneous permeability rates, especially for solvents having slow permeability. The linearity of the steady state data was characterized by calculation of the “percent error of the slope.” The following permeability rates (g/m2h) of single solvents were measured: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 176; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 171; dimethyl acetamide, 107; methyl ethyl ketone, 53; methylene chloride, 24; [3H]water, 14.8; ethanol, 11.3; butyl acetate, 1.6; gamma-butyrolactone, 1.1; toluene, 0.8; propylene carbonate, 0.7; and sulfolane, 0.2. The effect of [3H]water saturation on the shape of the presteady state portion of the permeation curve was determined and found to be very dependent on the solvent. The permeability of mixtures of DMSO and octyl acetate were measured.No octyl acetate was detected and the permeability of DMSO was proportional to its mole fraction in the mixture. The effect of two hours of solvent exposure on the viability of skin (based on DNA synthesis) was measured and found to be very dependent on the solvent.
Gate/Source overlapped heterojunction tunnel FET for non-Boolean associative processing with plasticity (2015)

This work presents a gate/source-overlapped HTFET (SO-HTFET) with Gaussian I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> -V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> , utilized as a single transistor distance computing cell (DCC) for associative processing (AP). With much simplified DCC, inter-cell coupling, and peripherals, SO-HTFET-based AP shows 250× lower power, much higher cell density, and performance than digital CMOS-based Boolean AP.
A genetically encoded photo-proximity labeling approach for mapping protein territories (2022)

A python script describing the process of imputation of proteomics data generated by LITag proximity labeling.
Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfone-tethered Proline Derivatives as Highly Selective Cathepsin S Inhibitors (2014)

Cathepsin S (CatS), a cysteine protease belonging to the papain family, has been proposed as an attractive therapeutic target for asthma and autoimmune diseases due to the fact that CatS is closely implicated in the process of antigen presentation. Indeed, it has been reported that inhibition of CatS decreases chronic inflammatory pain in a collageninduced arthritis (CIA) model of rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, there is a growing interest among medicinal chemists to identify CatS inhibitors. Morpholineurea-leucine homophenylalanine vinyl sulfone 1 (LHVS, Figure 1) has been previously identified as a potent CatS inhibitor but limited selectivity for members of the cathepsin family. A number of selective CatS inhibitors have been reported as potential therapeutic agents, including cyanopeptide-, pyrrolopyrimidine-, aminopyrimidine-, cyanopyrazolidine-based inhibitors. Although some CatS inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, potent and selective CatS inhibitors are still required. With respect to development of selective CatS inhibitors, we recently reported novel selective cathepsin S inhibitors based on a proline scaffold. Following up on this work, we herein report the synthesis of a series of proline analogues with vinyl sulfone group, which is a key functional group of LHVS. We evaluated these novel compounds for their in vitro CatS inhibitory activity to investigate a structure-activity relationship (SAR). The general synthetic procedure for preparing 4-sulfonyl substituted proline-derived analogues is summarized in Scheme 1. Mesylation of the commercially available proline analogue 2 was performed under Mitsunobu condition and subsequent nucleophilic substitution by a thiol afforded the thioether 4, which was converted to sulfone 5 by mCPBA oxidation. After deprotection of tert-Boc, acid chloride or
Epilogue (2014)

Fred Sanger retired in 1983 aged 65. Many people thought this was too early and that the Director then, Sydney Brenner, should perhaps have persuaded him to stay on at the laboratory. After all he was the most high-profile scientist at the lab. But Sanger himself felt it was the right time to retire. He had reached the pinnacle of his career. He had just won his second Nobel Prize. A third Nobel Prize was out of reach even for a man of Sanger’s determination, focus and energy. His work had paved the way for sequencing the human genome. Fred said his capacity for working at the bench and doing experiments was waning and space should be given to someone younger. Fred was to apply his remaining energy to his much larger garden when he and his wife, Joan, moved from Hills Road, Cambridge to ‘Far Leys’ (named in memory of his childhood home near Birmingham) in Swaffham Bulbeck outside Cambridge in the Fens. Here he was to grow roses, fruit trees, soft fruit, a vine cutting I gave him, along with his many other specimen flowers in his herbaceous borders. He also had time now to spend more time enjoying his hobby of sailing and watching his grandchildren, the children of his second son, Peter, grow up.
Finding Ophthalmic Risk and Evaluating the Value of Eye exams and their predictive Reliability (FOREVER)—A cohort study in a Danish high street optician setting: Design and methodology (2023)

The FOREVERdb is a powerful tool to answer a wide range of research questions that can pave the way for better eye health. This database will provide valuable insights for future studies investigating the correlations between eye and general health in a Danish population cohort, enabling research to identify potential risk factors for a range of diseases.
Tensile characterization of unidirectional discontinuous bamboo fibre/epoxy composites (2013)

status: Accepted
A Patient-Centered Website (Within Reach) to Foster Informed Decision-making About Upper Extremity Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Development and Usability Study (2022)

The findings suggest that our educational website, Within Reach, provides neutral, patient-centered information and may be a useful resource about UE VCA for individuals with UE amputations, their families, and health care professionals. Health care professionals may inform UE VCA candidates about Within Reach to supplement current VCA education processes. Within Reach serves as a resource about treatment options for patients preparing for scheduled or recovering from traumatic UE amputations. Future research should assess whether Within Reach improves knowledge about UE VCA and enhances informed decision-making about UE VCA as a treatment option.
Foosball Coding: Correcting Shift Errors and Bit Flip Errors in 3D Racetrack Memory (2020)

Racetrack memory is a promising new non-volatile memory technology, especially because of the density of its 3D implementation. However, for 3D racetrack to reach its potential, certain reliability issues must be overcome. Prior work used per-track encoding to tolerate the shift errors that are unique to racetrack, but no solutions existed for tolerating both shift errors and bit flip errors. We introduce Foosball Coding, which combines per-track coding for shift errors with a novel across-track coding for bit flips. Moreover, our per-track coding scheme methodically explores the design of inter-codeword delimiters and introduces the novel concept of multi-purpose delimiters, in which the existence of multiple delimiter options can be used to provide additional information.
New approaches to bridging the timescale gap in the computer simulation of biomolecular processes (2005)

Abstract Current state‐of‐the‐art computer simulations of biomolecules probe timescales that are generally very short compared to those that characterize most interesting biochemical and biological processes. New developments in simulation methods extend the reach of simulation in a trend that reflects the increasing time resolution of experimental spectroscopic techniques. We propose that the tools of dynamical systems analysis offer a potentially powerful approach to reconciling the view of biomolecular dynamics emerging from both simulation and experiment.
UNCLE: a code for constructing cluster expansions for arbitrary lattices with minimal user-input (2009)

We present a new implementation of the cluster expansion formalism. The new code, UNiversal CLuster Expansion (UNCLE), consolidates recent advances in the methodology and leverages one new development in the formalism itself. As a core goal, the package reduces the need for user intervention, automating the method to reduce human error and judgment. The package extends standard cluster expansion formalism to the more complicated cases of ternary compounds, as well as surfaces, including adsorption and inequivalent sites.
Chemistry and Quality of Hibiscus ( <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> ) for Developing the Natural‐Product Industry in Senegal (2009)

The objectives of this study were to assess and improve the quality of the hibiscus calyces from Senegal over 2 production seasons (2004 to 2005), to develop and adapt new procedures for the determination of hibiscus anthocyanins and analysis of the 2 major ones, delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside. The foreign matter, total ashes, and acid insoluble ashes showed that the calyces harvested in 2005 were produced following hygienic practices, while the color assessment of the calyces and analysis of hibiscus active principles also showed higher amounts of anthocyanins in 2005. A protocol to measure anthocyanins by pH-differential UV-Vis spectrophotometry was adapted to measure the hibiscus anthocyanins from a water extract. The spectrophotometric method for quantitation of total anthocyanins showed a close correlation (r(2)= 0.82) when compared with the HPLC method, suggesting the use of the colorimetric method in quality control programs as an affordable alternative method to assess anthocyanin content in hibiscus. New and raised standards for the cleanliness and active principle content in hibiscus are also proposed. This study demonstrated that the implementation of a quality control program and the application of agricultural good practices in the production and processing of hibiscus calyces can lead to higher quality natural plant products.
Easy functionalization of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymer micelles with unprotected sugar: synthesis and recognition by lectins (2012)

This paper aims at reporting the end-functionalization of a PEO block of an amphiphilic α-acetal-PEO-b-PCL copolymer. The acetal end-group, which is the fragment of the initiator used in the EO polymerization, was first hydrolyzed into an aldehyde that was then reacted with an amine by reductive amination reaction in water. This two-step derivatization was carried out in one pot. In a preliminary study a model amine, i.e. fluorescein amine, was used and the impact of the composition, thus of the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance (HLB) of the amphiphilic copolymer, was studied. The experimental conditions were extended to the coupling of an aminated mannose to the diblock copolymer. The frozen micelles formed by the mannosylated copolymer proved to form complexes with various lectins as shown by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC).
Electric appliance classification based on distributed high resolution current sensing (2012)

Today's solutions to inform residents about their electricity consumption are mostly confined to displaying aggregate readings collected at meter level. A reliable identification of appliances that require disproportionate amounts of energy for their operation is generally unsupported by these systems, or at least requires significant manual configuration efforts. We address this challenge by placing low-cost measurement and actuation units into the mains connection of appliances. The distributed sensors capture the current flow of individual appliances at a sampling rate of 1.6kHz and apply local signal processing to the readings in order to extract characteristic fingerprints. These fingerprints are communicated wirelessly to the evaluation server, thus keeping the required airtime and energy demand of the transmission low. The evaluation server employs machine learning techniques and caters for the actual classification of attached electric appliances based on their fingerprints, enabling the correlation of consumption data and the appliance identity. Our evaluation is based on more than 3,000 current consumption fingerprints, which we have captured for a range of household appliances. The results indicate that a high accuracy is achieved when locally extracted current consumption fingerprints are used to classify appliances.