gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a mathematical model for optimizing a heliostat field layout using differential evolution method (2015)

In this study, differential evolution was employed to perform optimization of a heliostat field. A complete mathematical code was developed for this purpose, which generates a heliostat field and calculates the optimum spacing between heliostats through differential evolution optimization technique. The optimization was executed for two sets of two cases and compared with an un-optimized case. In the first case, only the optical performance was optimized, whereas in the second case, the normalized ratio of the optical performance to the land area covered by the heliostat field was maximized. In the first set of cases, the extra security distance between the heliostats was neglected, whereas in the second set of cases, the extra security distance was taken into account. To apply and examine the application of the optimization algorithm developed, 3 days of the year were selected: March 21, June 21, and December 21, considering Dhahran, Saudi Arabia as an illustrative example. For June 21, when the extra security distance between the heliostats is neglected, the optical efficiency of the un-optimized case was 0.6026, while for the first optimized case, it was 0.6395, and for the second optimized case, it was 0.6033. However, when the extra security distance was considered, the optical efficiency of the un-optimized case was 0.6167; while for the first optimized case, it was 0.6241, and for the second optimized case, it was 0.6167. Similar observations were realized for the other cases selected. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Aerosol Collected in a Low Pressure Impactor (LPI/FTIR): Method Development and Field Calibration (1994)

A method for determining the loadings of organic and inorganic functional groups in size segregated ambient aerosol has been developed and demonstrated. The method uses a Hering Low Pressure Impactor (LPI), equipped with ZnSe impaction surfaces, to sample the aerosol. The aerosol samples are analyzed directly, without extraction, using transmission infrared spectroscopy. The resulting spectra of aerosol size fractions are used to determine loadings of sulfate ion, nitrate ion, aliphatic carbon, carbonyl and organonitrate groups, using calibration factors developed in field and model compound studies. This paper describes, in detail, the data interpretation and calibration methods used to obtain these functional group loadings from the infrared spectra. The functional group loadings, particularly the size distributions of organic compound classes, provide new insights into the composition of atmospheric aerosol.
Direct Binding of DNA by Tumor Suppressor Menin (2004)

Menin is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1), an inherited tumor-prone syndrome. Because there is no obvious conserved structural domain in menin that suggests a biochemical function, little is known as to how menin suppresses tumorigenesis. Although menin interacts with a variety of nuclear proteins including transcription factors, it is unknown whether menin itself can directly bind DNA. Here we show that menin directly binds to double-stranded DNA. It also binds a variety of DNA structures, including Y-structures, branched structures, and 4-way junction structures. The COOH terminus of menin mediates binding to DNA, but MEN1 disease-derived mutations in the COOH terminus abolish the ability of menin to bind DNA. Importantly, these MEN1 disease-related menin mutants also fail to repress cell proliferation as well as cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, detailed mutagenesis studies indicate that positively charged residues in two nuclear localization signals mediate direct DNA binding as well as repression of cell proliferation. Collectively, these results demonstrate, for the first time, a novel biochemical activity of menin, binding to DNA, and link its DNA binding to the regulation of cell proliferation.
Relationship Between Morning Hypertension Identified by Home Blood Pressure Monitoring and Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: The Japan Morning Surge 1 (JMS‐1) Study (2008)

We evaluated whether morning minus evening systolic blood pressure (SBP) difference (MEdif) in home blood pressure measurements can be a marker for hypertensive target organ damage. The authors analyzed 611 hypertensive patients who had high morning SBP levels (>/=135 mm Hg). The patients with morning hypertension (MEdif >/=15 mm Hg, average of morning and evening SBP [MEave] >/=135 mm Hg) were older (P<.001) and had a longer duration of hypertension and antihypertensive medication use, a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on electrocardiography, a lower glomerular filtration rate by the Cockcroft-Gault equation (P=.002), and a higher brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (P<.001) than those with well-controlled blood pressure (MEdif <15 mm Hg, MEave <135 mm Hg). The patients with morning hypertension had a higher BNP level than those with well-controlled blood pressure after adjustment for the confounding factors (28.7 pg/mL vs 20.0 pg/mL; P=.033). In conclusion, morning hypertension is more likely seen among patients with older age and longer duration of hypertension and antihypertensive medication use, and it may be associated with a higher prevalence of LVH and a higher BNP level.
Target motion compensation in MRI-guided prostate biopsy with static images (2010)

Slice-based tracking appears to be promising. Deformable registration does not seem warranted.
3‐Alkylidene‐2‐azetidinethiones: Useful Intermediates for the Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 2‐Azetidinethiones (1996)

Abstract 3‐Lithiated 2‐azetidinethiones 1 were allowed to react with carbonyl compounds to give 3‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl)‐2‐azetidinethiones 3, 4 which were converted into α,β‐unsaturated β‐thiolactams 7, 8, 10 by elimination procedures. Alternatively, the title compounds were prepared by Peterson olefination of 3‐trimethylsilyl‐2‐azetidinethiones 9 . Reactions of 7, 8, 10 with thiophenol or sodium diethyl malonate provided the Michael adducts 11 . E/Z Photoisomerization of 7, 8 by visible light was observed. On deprotonation, 7a, 8a underwent allyl rearrangement to 13 .
Characterization of SEI Layers on LiMn[sub 2]O[sub 4] Cathodes with In Situ Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2005)

In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was employed to study the initial stage of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formation on thin-film electrodes. The SEI layer formed immediately upon exposure of the electrode to ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (1:1 by vol) electrolyte. The SEI layer thickness then increased in proportion to a logarithmic function of elapsed time. In comparison, the SEI layer thickness on a cycled electrode increased in proportion to a linear function of the number of cycles.
Major urinary metabolites of 6-keto-prostaglandin F2α in mice (2013)

Western diets are enriched in omega-6 vs. omega-3 fatty acids, and a shift in this balance toward omega-3 fatty acids may have health benefits. There is limited information about the catabolism of 3-series prostaglandins (PG) formed from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fish oil omega-3 fatty acid that becomes elevated in tissues following fish oil consumption. Quantification of appropriate urinary 3-series PG metabolites could be used for noninvasive measurement of omega-3 fatty acid tone. Here we describe the preparation of tritium- and deuterium-labeled 6-keto-PGF2α and their use in identifying urinary metabolites in mice using LC-MS/MS. The major 6-keto-PGF2α urinary metabolites included dinor-6-keto-PGF2α (~10%) and dinor-13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-PGF1α (~10%). These metabolites can arise only from the enzymatic conversion of EPA to the 3-series PGH endoperoxide by cyclooxygenases, then PGI3 by prostacyclin synthase and, finally, nonenzymatic hydrolysis to 6-keto-PGF2α. The 6-keto-PGF derivatives are not formed by free radical mechanisms that generate isoprostanes, and thus, these metabolites provide an unbiased marker for utilization of EPA by cyclooxygenases.
Essentiality of Regulator of G Protein Signaling 6 and Oxidized Ca <sup>2+</sup> /Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase II in Notch Signaling and Cardiovascular Development (2017)

RGS6 and oxidized CaMKIIδ together function as novel critical upstream modulators of Notch signaling required for normal cardiovascular development and embryo survival. Their combined need indicates that they function in parallel pathways needed for Notch1 signaling in yolk sac, placenta and embryos. Thus, dysregulated embryonic RGS6 expression and oxidative activation of CaMKII may potentially contribute to congenital heart defects.
Analysis of wavefront errors introduced by encoding computer-generated holograms (2013)

The fabrication of computer-generated holograms (CGH) by e-beam or laser-writing machine specifically requires using polygon segments to approximate the continuously smooth fringe pattern of an ideal CGH. Wavefront phase errors introduced in this process depend on the size of the polygon segments and the shape of the fringes. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the wavefront error and its spatial frequency, allowing optimization of the polygon sizes for required measurement accuracy. This method is validated with computer simulation and direct measurements from an interferometer.
110 Arthrodesis vs Revision Discectomy for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Comparative effectiveness of spinal fusion vs revision discectomy for lumbar recurrent disc herniation (RDH) has yet to be evaluated. By analyzing nationwide longitudinal patient-reported outcomes spine registry, we characterized utilization of arthrodesis for lumbar RDH and analyzed its associated outcomes vs discectomy alone. METHODS: N2QOD registry prospectively enrolls spine surgery patients via representative sampling and prospectively collects measures of surgical safety and patient-reported outcomes for 1 year postoperatively. All lumbar surgery cases performed for same-level, same-side RDH without listhesis or instability were queried to compare outcomes between revision discectomy with arthrodesis vs without arthrodesis. RESULTS: Four hundred seventeen RDH patients were enrolled with 1-year follow-up (135 [32%] arthrodesis, 282 [68%] discectomy). Patients treated with arthrodesis more frequently presented with back- vs leg-dominant symptoms, had greater back pain scores (VAS: 7 vs 6), and more frequently had symptoms for >3 months. High ASA grade and unemployment were greater in the arthrodesis cohort. Baseline Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and all other variables were similar. Length of surgery, blood loss, length of hospitalization, perioperative complications (3.8% vs 1.4%, P = .13), and need for in-patient rehabilitation were greater in the arthrodesis vs discectomy cohort. Fusion was associated with delayed return to work. In the first 3 months after surgery, reoperation was lower in the arthrodesis cohort (1.5% vs 3.7%, P = .20), incidence of 1-year reoperation was similar (9.7% vs 8.3%, P = .73). Significant and equivalent improvements in pain, disability, and QALY were reported 1 year after surgery in both cohorts. In subset analysis of RDH patients with back-dominant symptoms and baseline BP-VAS = 8, revision discectomy alone provided equivalent health benefit in comparison with arthrodesis. CONCLUSION: Arthrodesis is associated with greater healthcare utilization and morbidity, but also with a trend of reduced 3 month re-operation with equivalent 1-year outcomes. Revision discectomy alone may be most efficient treatment option for patients experiencing recurrent disc herniation without listhesis or instability, particularly in those without back dominant symptoms.
Effect of Carbon Addition and Sintering Temperatures on Densification and Microstructural Evolution of Sinter-Hardening Alloy Steels (2006)

The iron-copper-carbon alloys are used extensively in powder metallurgy due to their superior dimensional control; however, they possess lower mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and wear resistance than their wrought counter part. In recent years, there have been concerted attempts to engineer ferrous alloys with high dimension tolerance and enhanced mechanical properties. One such approach is to use prealloyed iron powder instead of pure iron, mixed with copper and carbon. SH737-2Cu-C is one such alloy. The present study focuses on the effect of carbon addition on diffusion of Cu in SH737 alloys system via microstructural studies. SH737-2Cu alloys were compacted, sintered and characterized. The materials were characterized according to their density, densification parameter, shape factor, and pore size distribution. The microstructural studies revealed bimodal pore distribution in the sample with no carbon, due to the presence of primary and secondary porosity. The shape factor distribu tion showed more roundedness in the case of carbon added alloys. The size of the primary pores depends on compaction pressure and powder size distribution. On the other hand, size and morphology of the secondary pore strongly depends on Cu powder size, its homogeneity and sintering temperature. Also, an increase in the sintering temperature increased the roundedness and the pores became coarser.
Molecular dynamics study on the formation of dipole layer at high-<i>k</i>/SiO<sub>2</sub>interfaces (2014)

We show that electric dipole layer at Al2O3/SiO2 interface is reproduced by classical molecular dynamics simulation with a simple two-body rigid ion model. The dipole layer was spontaneously formed by the migration of oxygen ions from Al2O3 side to SiO2 side. Built-in potential at the Al2O3/SiO2 is estimated to about 0.35 V, which roughly compares with the experimental value of the flat band voltage shift. Contrary, no significant dipole layer appeared at Y2O3/SiO2 interface. The simulation results are explained in terms of the difference in the magnitude of multipole moments around cations of these oxides.
Mobile robotic gait rehabilitation system CORBYS - overview and first results on orthosis actuation (2014)

In this paper the novel mobile robotic gait rehabilitation system CORBYS is presented. The system consists of a mobile platform and a powered orthosis attached to the platform. Beside the mobility, i.e. overground walking, due to introduced degrees of freedom (DOFs) CORBYS gait rehabilitation system, in contrast to existing gait rehabilitation robotic systems will enable more physiological movements including turning. The focus in the paper is on novel push-pull control (PPC) cables based actuation system of the orthosis. The first results on orthosis actuation obtained in the control experiments with the powered orthosis test-stand are shown. The results prove the advantages of using the push-pull cables for the dislocation of the actuators from the powered orthosis and for providing a flexible power actuation with a bi-directional (pushing and pulling) force transfer.
A non-stationary model for simulating the dynamics of ocular aberrations (2010)

The time-evolution of ocular aberrations has been the subject of many studies, but so far there has been little discussion involving the modelling of the underlying temporal statistics. This paper presents a non-stationary modelling approach based on a coloured-noise generator, which can be applied to ocular aberration dynamics. The model parameters are computed from measured ocular aberration data. A custom-built aberrometer based on a Shack-Hartmann sensor was used for measurement. We present simulations based on our modelling approach, and validate them through comparison to real data. This work could be useful in areas such as the testing of ophthalmic devices and the development of improved algorithms for laser refractive surgery.
Homopolymer and small‐molecule tracer diffusion in a gyroid matrix (2001)

Forced Rayleigh scattering was used to measure the tracer diffusion coefficients of the photochromic dye tetrathioindigo (TTI) and a 1,4-polyisoprene (PI) homopolymer (8000 g/mol) in a poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (SI) diblock copolymer matrix that formed a bicontinuous gyroid microstructure. The diblock copolymer contained 63% polystyrene (PS) by volume and had a total molecular weight of 21,300 g/mol. Rheology and small-angle X-ray scattering confirmed that the diblock copolymer microphase-separated into the bicontinuous gyroid over the temperature range 60–230 °C, where the sample disordered. For both the TTI and PI tracers, two distinct modes of transport were observed. The faster mode displayed a temperature dependence consistent with diffusion within a PI matrix, whereas the slower mode had a temperature dependence more similar to diffusion within PS. The fast diffusivities were both over an order of magnitude lower than in a corresponding PI homopolymer matrix. For TTI, this was attributed to the preferential selectivity of the dye for PS and, therefore, an averaging of the mobility between the PS and PI domains. The slow mode was consistent with a small fraction of the TTI dye molecules becoming trapped within the much slower PS domains. For the PI tracer, the reduction in the diffusion coefficient for the fast mode was attributed to a combination of the tortuosity of the struts, the suppression of constraint release within the diblock matrix, and additional friction due to the presence of some styrene segments within the PI domains. The inevitable presence of grain boundaries or defects within the matrix interrupted the percolation of the PI struts, thereby forcing some of the PI tracers to diffuse through PS. Consequently, the slow mode was attributed to the diffusion through these defects, where the PI diffusion was retarded by both the increased segmental friction and the thermodynamic barrier to entering the PS domains. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 843–859, 2001
The Impact of First-Responder Defibrillation (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We applaud the efforts of Kellermann et al<sup>1</sup>to elucidate the relative efficacy of first-response defibrillation on survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. They have used an elegant method to study a difficult issue. Nevertheless, we would like to raise a few concerns about their study. First, the low percentage of patients in the defibrillator arm of the study actually receiving automatic defibrillation may bias the study toward finding no significant difference in survival between groups. The patients receiving automatic defibrillation had a statistically significant slower paramedic response time than those not receiving it within the treatment arm. The lack of benefit from first-responder defibrillation in Memphis, Tenn, may then reflect the negative effect of longer paramedic response times rather than inefficacy of early defibrillation. Alternatively, it may reflect the fact that firefighters clearly arrived first only 50% of the time because of the very rapid response
An open source hardware and software platform for veterinary immersive simulation training (2017)

Poster presented at the 5th International Veterinary Simulation in Teaching Conference, 10-12 April 2017, held at the Intundla Conference Venue, Pretoria, South Africa.
Effect of Surface Adsorbates on Graphene Probed by Hall-Effect and Raman Spectroscopy (2009)

The impact of adsorbed gases on graphene layers grown by SiC sublimation is investigated by temperature-dependent Hall-effect and Raman spectroscopy. For samples stored in ambient laboratory conditions, irreversible changes are seen in sheet resistance (\rho\textsubscript{sh}), mobility, and carrier concentration after heating to 400 K in vacuum. Subsequent heating to 400 K produces no additional changes in \rho\textsubscript{sh}, mobility or carrier concentration. Re-exposure of this 'clean' surface to air produces only minor changes in the electrical characteristics of the film. These kinetics suggest chemisorbed species produce a larger impact on electrical transport in graphene layers than do physisorbed species. The graphene Raman 2D peak is shifted ~15 cm\textsuperscript{-1} at 500 {degree sign}C in vacuum, while the room temperature Raman 2D frequency is unchanged after heating.
Determination of the prevailing <i>n</i>-butenes dimerization mechanism over nickel containing Al-MCM-41/ZSM-5 mixed-phase catalysts (2019)

Novel approaches to evaluate the contribution of the cationic or coordinative reaction mechanism to the overall reaction course are proposed.
Harnessing Harmonics in Doherty Power Amplifiers [Application Notes] (2021)

Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) [1] are widely used as basestation PAs in modern wireless communication systems and have been well-reviewed [2]. Due to its mechanism of load modulation, the DPA exhibits an additional efficiency peak at a certain output power back-off (OBO). This makes the DPA highly desirable for amplifying modulated signals with high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs). However, there still are limitations that restrict its use in modern and future wireless communication systems. To meet the insatiable demand for higher data rates, modulated signal formats require an everhigher PAPR (>6 dB). This, in turn, means that the DPA needs to operate at a greater OBO >6 dB). Hence, the design of extended back-off DPAs is of great interest to engineers. Broadband operation is also required, but, unfortunately, the DPA?s efficiency at back-off decreases with an increase in bandwidth. Therefore, a technique to achieve high efficiency at back-off, not at the expense of the bandwidth, is urgently needed.
Accelerating Entrepreneurialism within Academia (2018)

University technology transfer offices have greatly expanded their focus since the adoption of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980. In addition to filing patents and licensing technology, technology transfer office activities now support translational research and related activities and the reach of these offices has expanded into nontraditional or non-STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) areas of the university. Seven university technology transfer officers gathered with intellectual property attorneys, private investment executives and technology innovation directors to discuss the latest trends in current technology transfer activities and responsibilities. The discussion focused on: 1) accelerating innovation and best practices, and 2) protection and/or enforcement of intellectual property rights. Discussions revealed that technology transfer offices are becoming more involved in innovation centers to support startup formation, gap analysis, venture, private equity, corporate funding, business development, clinical trial arrangements and atypical industry partnerships. Focusing on customized solutions and employing creative thinking to support various innovative activities has helped technology transfer offices to succeed in supporting the mission of their respective universities. Most universities file provisional patent applications to establish a priority date quickly and inexpensively. This strategy provides inventors with additional time to collect data and gives the technology transfer office time to discuss underlying technologies with prospective commercialization partners to better inform decisions to file a nonprovisional application. Technology transfer offices agreed that decisions to initiate litigation against potential infringers should be made on a case-by-case basis, citing costs and reputation as driving factors in the decision-making process. Keywords: Academia, commercialization, innovation, intellectual property, Bayh-Dole act, entrepreneurial activity, gap funding, translational grants.
ChemInform Abstract: REVERSIBLE DIOXYGEN BINDING BY A TOTALLY SYNTHETIC NONPORPHYRIN MACROBICYCLIC IRON(II) COMPLEX CONTAINING A PERSISTENT VOID (1981)

Abstract Nach bekannter Methode wird der Komplex (Ia) dargestellt und sein Lösungsverhalten untersucht.