gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance (2011)

Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic viruses, including SARS-like corona viruses, henipaviruses, and lyssaviruses, understanding how pathogens are maintained within a population becomes vital. Unfortunately, little is known about maintenance mechanisms for any pathogen in bat populations. We present a mathematical model parameterized with unique data from an extensive study of rabies in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to elucidate general maintenance mechanisms. We propose that life history patterns of many species of temperate-zone bats, coupled with sufficiently long incubation periods, allows for rabies virus maintenance. Seasonal variability in bat mortality rates, specifically low mortality during hibernation, allows long-term bat population viability. Within viable bat populations, sufficiently long incubation periods allow enough infected individuals to enter hibernation and survive until the following year, and hence avoid an epizootic fadeout of rabies virus. We hypothesize that the slowing effects of hibernation on metabolic and viral activity maintains infected individuals and their pathogens until susceptibles from the annual birth pulse become infected and continue the cycle. This research provides a context to explore similar host ecology and viral dynamics that may explain seasonal patterns and maintenance of other bat-borne diseases.
Resistor-less Mixed-mode Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator (2010)

The paper presents a realization of mixed-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator variants of current differencing transconductance amplifier. The proposed circuit is created using one modified current differencing transconductance amplifier (MCDTA), one current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA) and two grounded capacitors. The circuit is resistor-less and the tuning laws for the condition of oscillation (CO) and the frequency of oscillation (FO) are independent. The circuit also provides two quadrature voltage outputs and two explicit quadrature current outputs. PSPICE simulation results have been included to verify the theoretical results.
Sleep-Dependent Synaptic Down-Selection (I): Modeling the Benefits of Sleep on Memory Consolidation and Integration (2013)

Sleep can favor the consolidation of both procedural and declarative memories, promote gist extraction, help the integration of new with old memories, and desaturate the ability to learn. It is often assumed that such beneficial effects are due to the reactivation of neural circuits in sleep to further strengthen the synapses modified during wake or transfer memories to different parts of the brain. A different possibility is that sleep may benefit memory not by further strengthening synapses, but rather by renormalizing synaptic strength to restore cellular homeostasis after net synaptic potentiation in wake. In this way, the sleep-dependent reactivation of neural circuits could result in the competitive down-selection of synapses that are activated infrequently and fit less well with the overall organization of memories. By using computer simulations, we show here that synaptic down-selection is in principle sufficient to explain the beneficial effects of sleep on the consolidation of procedural and declarative memories, on gist extraction, and on the integration of new with old memories, thereby addressing the plasticity-stability dilemma.
The development of a statistical computer software resource for medical research (2000)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN045746 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Intrauterine Meconium Aspiration (1981)

Brown, B. L.; Gleicher, N.; Scarpelli, Emile M. M.D., Ph.D. Guest Editor Author Information
Tetratellurium bis[heptachlorodigallate(III)], Te<sub>4</sub>[Ga<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>7</sub>]<sub>2</sub> (2005)

Te4[Ga2Cl7]2 has been isolated from GaCl3–benzene media and its structure determined. The structure features a centro­symmetric square-planar Te{}_{4}^{\,\,2+} cation and staggered [Ga2Cl7]− anions, consisting of two corner-sharing GaCl4 tetrahedra. The chlorine bridge between the Ga atoms in the anion is bent. The title compound is isotypic with Te4[Al2Cl7]2.
Potential use of carnauba wax oleogel to replace saturated fat in ice cream (2022)

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a wax‐oleogel (soybean oil—SBO, peanut oil—PNO, and carnauba wax—CBW) to be used as a fat replacer for ice cream formulations. The oleogels were structured with 6%, 8%, and 10% of CBW and were characterized by oil binding capacity (OBC), visual evaluation, thermal properties (DSC), and microstructure by polarized light microscopy (PLM). All oleogels resulted in a firm and stable gel for 60 days, regardless of the concentrations (6%, 8%, and 10%) and temperatures (5 and 25°C). The OBC of oleogels at 8% and 10% addition were significantly higher ( p &lt; 0.05) than the oleogels with 6% of CBW. However, the oleogel formed with 6% of CBW showed more than 84% of oil retention after 60 days, indicating that the 6% of CBW was sufficient to develop a network that could hold the liquid oil into a gel‐like structure. Larger crystals (μm) were observed with 10% CBW addition (2.15 ± 0.16 μm SBO and 2.08 ± 0.22 mm PNO). After preliminary sensory studies, the SBO oleogel with 6% of CBW was chosen to be applied in the ice‐cream formulation. The ice cream preparations were analyzed by overrun, melting rate, fat composition, and sensory acceptance. The oleogel fat replacement (50% and 100%) reduced the melting rate of ice creams; however, it negatively affected the ice cream overrun. These results show that 50% replacement of the traditional lipid phase by CBW oleogel can be performed without causing sensory impairment.
More challenges for machine-learning protein interactions (2015)

Here, we sketch additional problems for the prediction of PPIs from sequence alone. First, it not only matters whether proteins A or B of a target interaction A-B are similar to proteins of training interactions (positives), but also whether A or B are similar to proteins of non-interactions (negatives). Second, training on multiple interaction partners per protein did not improve performance for new proteins (not used to train). In contrary, a strictly non-redundant training that ignored good data slightly improved the prediction of difficult cases. Third, which prediction method appears to be best crucially depends on the sequence similarity between the test and the training set, how many true interactions should be found and the expected ratio of negatives to positives. The correct assessment of performance is the most complicated task in the development of prediction methods. Our analyses suggest that PPIs square the challenge for this task.
Düzenli Saç Boyası Kullanıcısı olan Sağlıklı Türk Kadınlarında SCE Sıklık Analizi (2009)

SüleymanDemirel Üniversitesi TIP FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ: 2001 ; 8(2) Düzenli Saç Boyası Kullanıcısı olan Sağlıklı Türk Kadınlarında SCE Sıklık AnaliziHakan ULUCAN, Ruşen DÜNDARÖZ, Metin DENLİ, Faysal GÖK, Mehtap AKIN, Volkan BALTACI ÖzetSaç boyası sık kullanılan bir kozmetik ajan olmasına rağmen, DNA üzerine tok-sik etkisi yeterince açık değildir. Kadınlarca daha sık kullanıldığından, özellikle hamile-lik ve süt verme durumunda böyle bir toksik etki daha da önemli hale gelir. Öte yandan, saç boyalarının yapısı çeşitli ülkelerdeki kurallara göre değişiklik göstermektedir.Bu nedenle, bu olası toksik etki her ülkede araştırılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, yaşlan 25-43 arasında değişen sağlıklı Türk kadınlarının periferik lenfositlerinde sister chromatide exchange (SCE) yöntemi kullanılarak uzun süre (en az 5 yıl) saç boyası kullanımının genotoksik etkisinin olup olmadığı araştırıldı. Kontrol grubu ile (n-24, ortalama SCE sıklığı/hücre + SD: 8.5 ± 1.59) karşılaştırıldığında ortalama SCE sıklığının saç boyası kullanan kadınlarda (n=39, ortalama SCE sıklığı/hücre ± SD: 14.26 ± 3.05) önemli derecede arttığı saptandı (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Saç boyası kullanan kadınların yaşı, kullanım süresi, boyanın rengi ya da kullanım sıklığı dikkate alındığında SCE sonuçlarında önem¬li bir farklılık gözlenmedi. Sonuç olarak Türkiye&amp;#039;de satılmakta olan saç boyaları uzun süre kullanıldığında DNA üzerinde toksik etki oluşmakta olup bu öncül verilerin diğer toksikoloji testleriyle de doğrulanmasının faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz. Anahtar kelimeler: DNA hasarı, genotoksisite, saç boyası, SCE Abstract SCE Frequency Analysis in the Lymphocytes of the Healthy Turkish Women whoare Regular Users of Hair DyeAlthough hair dyes are widely used cosmetic agents, their toxic ejfect on DNA has not been entirely demonstrated. These are ofprimary importance in women, partic-ularly those who are pregnant ör lactating, since any potential toxic ejfect on DNA becomes more significant. On the other hand, compositions of hair dyes vary in differ-ent countries because ofdifferences in regulations. Therefore, toxicity studies should be taken under consideration for every countries. in the preseni study, the potential geno-toxic effects oflong term use of hair dyes (minimum 5 years) \\vere investigated by means ofincidence of sis ter chromatid exchange (SCE) using the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy Turkish women at 25-43 age range. The mean freauency of SCE in women using hair dyes (n=39, mean SCEslcell ± SD: 14.26 ± 3.05) was signifıcantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.000J) than that of the control group (n=24, mean SCEslcell ± SD: 8.5 ± 1.59). Regarding age, hair color, usage period and the frequency of hair dyeing there was no significant dijference in the SCE scores. in conclusion, vvhen used long period of time, hair dyes sold in Turkish markets hav e toxic effects on DNA, and we suggest that these preliminary data should also be confirmed by other toxicology detection methods. Keywords: DNA damage, genotoxicity, hair dye, SCE
Icosahedral Boron-Rich Solids (1987)

Boron-rich molecules and solids hold a special place within chemistry. They do not follow the general bonding rules we are taught in chemistry classes. For example, some boron-rich solids are composed of 12-atom clusters of boron atoms in which each boron atom resides on a vertex of an icosahedron. These solids are very stable refractory materials with melting temperatures up to 2400 °C—a thousand degrees greater than silicon's. Beyond this, they possess numerous novel structural, electronic and thermal properties that are not only interesting but useful.
Strategies for improved temporal response of glass-based optical switches (2022)

We present an optimization of the dynamics of integrated optical switches based on thermal phase shifters. These devices have been fabricated in the volume of glass substrates by femtosecond laser micromachining and are constituted by an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a superficial heater. Simulations, surface micromachining and innovative layouts allowed us to improve the temporal response of the optical switches down to a few milliseconds. In addition, taking advantage of an electrical pulse shaping approach where an optimized voltage signal is applied to the heater, we proved a switching time as low as 78 µs, about two orders of magnitude shorter with respect to the current state of the art of thermally-actuated optical switches in glass.
Recent Trends in Space Laser Communications for Small Satellites and Constellations (2020)

Free-space optical communications in space can realize broadband and large-capacity communications using smaller and lower-power-consumption onboard equipment. Recently, many mega-constellation systems have been planned and launched from various countries. Although the frequency spectra will soon be exhausted, optical communications have potentially wider bandwidths in the optical spectrum and are a viable alternative. Because optical communications do not have regulatory restrictions or licensing issues, this technology can revolutionize the space system architecture. This article describes the recent trends and future prospects of space laser communications.
Intraoperative fluorescence-based enhanced reality laparoscopic real-time imaging to assess bowel perfusion at the anastomotic site in an experimental model (2015)

In an experimental model, FLER appeared accurate in discriminating bowel perfusion levels. Surgical relevance Clinical assessment has limited accuracy in evaluating bowel perfusion before anastomosis. Fluorescence videography estimates intestinal perfusion based on the fluorescence intensity of injected fluorophores, which is proportional to bowel vascularization. However, evaluation of fluorescence intensity remains a static and subjective measure. Fluorescence-based enhanced reality (FLER) is a dynamic fluorescence videography technique integrating near-infrared endoscopy and specific software. The software generates a virtual perfusion cartogram based on time to peak fluorescence, which can be superimposed on to real-time laparoscopic images. This experimental study demonstrates the accuracy of FLER in detecting differences in bowel perfusion in a survival model of laparoscopic small bowel resection-anastomosis, based on biochemical and histopathological data. It is concluded that real-time imaging of bowel perfusion is easy to use and accurate, and should be translated into clinical use.
Calcium Silicate Crystal Structure Impacts Reactivity with CO<sub>2</sub> and Precipitate Chemistry (2018)

The reaction of CO2(aq) with calcium silicates creates precipitates that can impact fluid flow in subsurface applications such as geologic CO2 storage and geothermal energy. These reactions nominally produce calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and amorphous silica (SiOx). Here we report evidence that the crystal structure of the parent silicate determines the way in which it reacts with CO2 and the resulting structures of the reaction products. Batch experiments were performed using two polymorphs of a model calcium silicate (CaSiO3), wollastonite (chain-structured) and pseudowollastonite (ring-structured), at elevated temperatures (150 °C) and partial pressures of CO2 (0–11 MPa). Reaction of CO2(aq) with wollastonite produced CaCO3 and SiOx, whereas reaction of CO2(aq) with pseudowollastonite produced platelike crystalline calcium silicate phases, along with CaCO3 and SiOx. A reaction mechanism that explains the observations in relation to dissolution of the parent silicate, the pH of the solution, and the presence of nucleation sites is proposed. The mechanism is supported with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry measurements and scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy–selected-area electron diffraction characterization of solid products. These findings are important for a number of reasons, among them, the fact that the crystalline silicate precipitates are more stable than CaCO3 under low-pH conditions, which could be valuable for creating permanent seals in subsurface applications.
Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) Containing Low or No Dairy Compared to Standard RUTF for Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021)

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) containing less dairy may be a lower-cost treatment option for severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The objective was to understand the effectiveness of RUTF containing alternative sources of protein (nondairy), or <50% of protein from dairy products, compared with standard RUTF in children with SAM. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched using terms relating to RUTF. Studies were eligible if they included children with SAM and evaluated RUTF with <50% of protein from dairy products compared with standard RUTF. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were completed to assess the effectiveness of intervention RUTF on a range of child outcomes. The quality of the evidence across outcomes was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. A total of 5868 studies were identified, of which 8 articles of 6 studies met the inclusion criteria evaluating 7 different intervention RUTF recipes. Nondairy or lower-dairy RUTF showed less weight gain (standardized mean difference: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.15; P < 0.001), lower recovery (relative risk ratio: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.00; P = 0.046), and lower weight-for-age z scores (WAZ) near program discharge (mean difference: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.20, 0.0; P = 0.047). Mortality, time to recovery, default (consecutive absences from outpatient therapeutic feeding program visits), nonresponse, and other anthropometric measures did not differ between groups. The certainty of evidence was high for weight gain and ranged from very low to moderate for other outcomes. RUTF with lower protein from dairy or dairy-free RUTF may not be as effective as standard RUTF for treatment of children with SAM based on weight gain, recovery, and WAZ evaluated using meta-analysis, although further research is required to explore the potential of alternative formulations. This review was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020160762.
Multi-Scale Hybrid Vision Transformer for Learning Gastric Histology: AI-Based Decision Support System for Gastric Cancer Treatment (2023)

Gastric endoscopic screening is an effective way to decide appropriate gastric cancer treatment at an early stage, reducing gastric cancer-associated mortality rate. Although artificial intelligence has brought a great promise to assist pathologist to screen digitalized endoscopic biopsies, existing artificial intelligence systems are limited to be utilized in planning gastric cancer treatment. We propose a practical artificial intelligence-based decision support system that enables five subclassifications of gastric cancer pathology, which can be directly matched to general gastric cancer treatment guidance. The proposed framework is designed to efficiently differentiate multi-classes of gastric cancer through multiscale self-attention mechanism using 2-stage hybrid vision transformer networks, by mimicking the way how human pathologists understand histology. The proposed system demonstrates its reliable diagnostic performance by achieving class-average sensitivity of above 0.85 for multicentric cohort tests. Moreover, the proposed system demonstrates its great generalization capability on gastrointestinal track organ cancer by achieving the best class-average sensitivity among contemporary networks. Furthermore, in the observational study, artificial intelligence-assisted pathologists show significantly improved diagnostic sensitivity within saved screening time compared to human pathologists. Our results demonstrate that the proposed artificial intelligence system has a great potential for providing presumptive pathologic opinion and supporting decision of appropriate gastric cancer treatment in practical clinical settings.
2A3_0127_ GOING FROM POLYMER TO APPLICATION: SOLVENT ELECTROSPINNING OF OPTICAL NANOFIBROUS SENSORS (2019)

Optical nanofibrous sensors show potential in many application areas, including biomedicine, as they provide ultra-sensitivity combined with versatility, flexibility and user-friendliness. In our work stimuli-sensitive dyes are incorporated in a polymeric nanofibrous matrix by the process of solvent electrospinning. An important challenge that is tackled here is dye-immobilization as to design a stable sensor. In addition, an ecological friendly production process is aimed for resulting in the use of “green” solvents such as water and ethanol. However, the use of hydrophilic polymers poses some challenges with regard to the solvent electrospinning process, which are addressed in this work as well.
Bringing Kinases Into Focus: Efficient Drug Design Through the Use of Chemogenomic Toolkits (2006)

The study of protein target families, as opposed to single targets, has become a very powerful tool in chemogenomics-led drug discovery. By integrating comprehensive chemoinformatics and bioinformatics databases with customised analytical tools, a 'Toolkit' approach for the target family is possible, thus allowing predictions of the ligand class, affinity, selectivity and likely off-target issues to be made for the guidance of the medicinal chemist. In this review, we highlight the development and application of the Toolkit approach to the protein kinase superfamily, drawing on examples from lead optimisation studies and the design of focused libraries for lead discovery.
Extracellular Matrix Turnover Biomarkers Predict Long-Term Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction (2013)

Myocardial fibrosis turnover after MI is associated with LV remodeling. Low aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen/type 1 collagen telopeptide ratio (≤1) at 1 month is predictive, in addition to brain natriuretic peptide and LV ejection fraction, of detrimental LV remodeling as well as cardiovascular deaths and hospitalizations for heart failure.
Data from HCV Eradication in Primary or Secondary Prevention Optimizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Curative Management (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;To assess the impact of HCV eradication on the outcomes of cirrhotic patients treated curatively for incidental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detected during surveillance program. Data were collected on 1,323 French patients with compensated biopsy-proven HCV cirrhosis recruited in 35 centers (ANRS CO12 CirVir cohort). Sustained virologic responses (SVR) and the occurrence of HCC were recorded prospectively. During a median follow-up of 68.3 months, 218 patients developed HCC, 126 of whom underwent a curative procedure as first-line therapy (ablation = 95, resection = 31). The HCC BCLC stage was 0/A in 97.5% of patients; 74 (58.7%) never achieved SVR. During a median follow-up of 26.0 months after HCC treatment, 59 (46.8%) experienced HCC recurrence. SVR was not associated with a recurrence, whether considering final SVR status [HR = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.43–1.39; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.39] or its time to achievement (prior to/after HCC occurrence; global &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.28). During the same timeframe, 46 patients with HCC (36.5%) died (liver failure: 41.9%, HCC progression: 37.2%, extrahepatic causes: 20.9%). Under multivariate analysis, SVR was associated with improved survival [HR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.08–0.52; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001]. Survival benefit was explained by a lower incidence of liver decompensation and higher rates of sequential HCC re-treatment. Direct antiviral intake was not associated with a higher risk of HCC recurrence, but with improved survival (HR = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06–0.83; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.024). HCV eradication in primary or secondary prevention optimizes HCC management through preservation of liver function and improves survival, whatever the regimen.&lt;/p&gt;Prevention Relevance:&lt;p&gt;Liver failure is a competing risk of death in patients with HCC eligible for curative procedures. HCV eradication does not decrease risk of HCC recurrence in the first two years, but enables sequential curative HCC treatments through preservation of liver function. Direct-acting antiviral agent intake is not associated with HCC recurrence and improves survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;