gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon Surfaces as Electron Acceptors:  Dative Bonding of Amines with Si(001) and Si(111) Surfaces (2001)

The bonding of the trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA) with crystalline silicon surfaces has been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and density-functional computational methods. XPS spectra show that TMA forms stable dative-bonded adducts on both Si(001) and Si(111) surfaces that are characterized by very high N(1s) binding energies of 402.2 eV on Si(001) and 402.4 eV on Si(111). The highly ionic nature of these adducts is further evidenced by comparison with other charge-transfer complexes and through computational chemistry studies. The ability to form these highly ionic charge-transfer complexes between TMA and silicon surfaces stems from the ability to delocalize the donated electron density between different types of chemically distinct atoms within the surface unit cells. Corresponding studies of DMA on Si(001) show only dissociative adsorption via cleavage of the N-H bond. These results show that the unique geometric structures present on silicon surfaces permit silicon atoms to act as excellent electron acceptors.
Topological Darkness of Tamm Plasmons for High-Sensitivity Singular-Phase Optical Detection (2016)

Multilayered photonic-plasmonic structures exhibit topologically protected zero reflection if they are designed to support Tamm plasmon modes. Sharp phase changes associated with the Tamm mode excitation dramatically improve sensitivity of detectors.
Exploring spatio-temporal neural basis of scene processing with MEG/EEG using a convolutional neural network (2016)

Human brains can efficiently process rich information in visual scenes. The neural mechanisms underlying such proficiency may involve not only feedforward processing in the hierarchical visual cortex, but also top-down feedback. To understand these mechanisms, we explored the nature of the visual scene features processed at different brain locations and different time points using high-temporal-resolution MEG and EEG - in separate sessions - while participants viewed briefly presented (200ms) photographs of scenes. We used linear regression to quantify the correlations between neural signals and visual features of the same images, where these features were derived from a convolutional neural network (CNN) with 8 hierarchically organized layers. Next we tested whether variance in the neural signals was explained at each time point and each location by features in different layers, thereby creating a spatio-temporal profile describing the significance of correlation with different CNN layers. For both the MEG and EEG sensor data, we observed that the majority of layers exhibited significant correlations from 60~450 ms after the stimulus onset. When contrasting low-level Layer1 with higher-level Layer6, we found that Layer1 demonstrated greater significance early on (before 120 ms), while Layer6 showed greater significance somewhat later (after 150 ms). In a preliminary analysis of source localized MEG data, we again observed sustained significance for the majority of layers, as well as early greater significance of Layer1 in lower-level visual cortex and later greater significance of Layer6 in higher-level visual cortex. This early to late, lower- to higher-level progression indicates feedforward information flow. Additionally, the sustained significance of low- and high-level layers, which was maintained until at least 400 ms, indicates possible non-feedforward neural responses during scene processing. We are also using connectivity analysis to further investigate if there is top-down feedback from frontal lobe and inferior temporal lobe to the visual cortex. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016
Fractional-step Tow-Thomas biquad filters (2012)

In this paper we propose the use of fractional capacitors in the Tow-Thomas biquad to realize both fractional lowpass and asymmetric bandpass filters of order 0<α1+α2≤2, where α1 and α2 are the orders of the fractional capacitors and 0<α1,2≤1. We show how these filters can be designed using an integer-order transfer function approximation of the fractional capacitors. MATLAB and PSPICE simulations of first order fractional-step low and bandpass filters of order 1.1, 1.5, and 1.9 are given as examples. Experimental results of fractional low pass filters of order 1.5 implemented with silicon-fabricated fractional capacitors verify the operation of the fractional Tow-Thomas biquad.
Obesity in HIV infection: host-pathogen interaction (2022)

Obesity is an emerging comorbidity in PWH, with a substantial overlap in immune dysregulation patterns seen in both conditions. How this immune dysfunction impacts on development of metabolic complications for both obesity and HIV infection, and whether targeting of AT-derived inflammation will improve outcomes in PWH requires further study.
Sustained release of insulin from insoluble inhaled particles (1999)

Conventional slow-acting insulin preparations for subcutaneous injection, e.g., suspensions of the complex with protamine and/or zinc, were reformulated as dry powders for inhalation and the insoluble aerosol tested for providing sustained insulin plasma levels. Large porous particles made of lactose, albumin, and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and incorporating insulin, protamine, and/or zinc chloride were prepared using spray-drying. Integrity of insulin after spray-drying and insulin insolubilization in spray-dried particles was verified in vitro. The pharmacokinetic profile of the formulation delivered by inhalation and subcutaneous injection was assessed in vivo in the rat. The formulation process of insulin as dry powders did not alter insulin integrity and did not impede, in most cases, insulin insolubilization by protamine and/or zinc. Large porous insulin particles presented 7 μm mass mean geometric particle diameters, 0.1 g/cm3 bulk powder tap densities and theoretical aerodynamic diameters suitable for deep lung deposition (in the range of 2.2–2.5 μm). The dry powders exhibited 40% respirable fractions in the Andersen cascade impactor and 58–75% in the Aero-Breather™. Insoluble inhaled insulin provided sustained insulin plasma levels for half a day, similar to injected insulin, and exhibited a bioavailability of 80.5% relative to subcutaneous injection of the same formulation. Drug Dev. Res. 48:178–185, 1999. ©1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Low‐Dimensional Conduction Mechanisms in Highly Conductive and Transparent Conjugated Polymers (2015)

Electronic conduction in conjugated polymers is of emerging technological interest for high-performance optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices. A completely new aspect and understanding of the conduction mechanism on conducting polymers is introduced, allowing the applicability of materials to be optimized. The charge-transport mechanism is explained by direct experimental evidence with a very well supported theoretical model.
A Possible Role for Exocytosis in Aflatoxin Export in Aspergillus parasiticus (2010)

Filamentous fungi synthesize bioactive secondary metabolites with major human health and economic impacts. Little is known about the mechanisms that mediate the export of these metabolites to the cell exterior. Aspergillus parasiticus synthesizes aflatoxin, a secondary metabolite that is one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. We previously demonstrated that aflatoxin is synthesized and compartmentalized in specialized vesicles called aflatoxisomes and that these subcellular organelles also play a role in the export process. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that aflatoxisomes fuse with the cytoplasmic membrane to facilitate the release of aflatoxin into the growth environment. Microscopic analysis of A. parasiticus grown under aflatoxin-inducing and non-aflatoxin-inducing conditions generated several lines of experimental evidence that supported the hypothesis. On the basis of the evidence, we propose that export of the mycotoxin aflatoxin in Aspergillus parasiticus occurs by exocytosis, and we present a model to illustrate this export mechanism.
Generating Code for High-Level Operations through Code Composition (1997)

Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or
BIIB021, an oral, synthetic non-ansamycin Hsp90 inhibitor: Phase I experience (2008)

2503 Background: BIIB021 is an oral fully synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor that is being developed for both solid and hematologic tumors. BIIB021 selectively and potently inhibits the molecular chaperone Hsp90 thereby inhibiting the proper assembly of multiple oncogenic proteins involved in tumor growth and survival. Phase I studies assessing various dosing regimens have been initiated to determine safety, MTD, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of BIIB021 in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors (ST) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Methods: Three to 6 pts were enrolled into sequential dose cohorts of BIIB021 po daily for 3 weeks followed by 1 week off (CLL) or twice weekly for 3 weeks followed by 1 week off (ST). Pts remained on study until tumor progression or unacceptable toxicities occurred. Results: Of 23 pts administered BIIB021 (5 in CLL; 18 in ST), 14 were men (3 in CLL and 11 in ST); median age was 66 (45, 79) yrs in CLL and 59.5 (35, 81) in ST. Two DLTs (Gr3 syncope, Gr3 dizziness) were reported in pts receiving 800 mg po twice weekly. Gr 3 or 4 AEs in ST were fatigue, hyponatremia and hypoglycemia; in CLL 1 pt experienced Gr3 abnormal LFT. AEs in CLL in >1 pts were: abdominal pain and diarrhea (n=2 each). AEs in ST in >2 pts were: fatigue (n=6); nausea, vomiting, hot flush (n=5 each), dry mouth (n=4), flushing (n=3). BIIB021 demonstrated dose-linear kinetics with a T1/2 of ∼1h and no evidence of accumulation with multiple dosing. PD assessments indicate significant induction of Hsp70 and inhibition of the biomarker Her 2/neu extracellular domain (ECD) in the ST trial. Efficacy: One pt with CLL (25 mg) had a 39% reduction in lymph node size. In ST, 11 of 16 (68%) evaluable subjects reported stable disease. Conclusions: BIIB021 appears to be generally well tolerated. 800 mg BIIB021 twice weekly exceeds the safe and tolerated dose. Biologic activity has been confirmed with elevations of serum and intracellular Hsp70 and a dose-related decrease in serum Her-2 ECD. Further studies evaluating BIIB021 without a drug holiday and in combination with chemotherapy and targeted agents are planned. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Biogen Idec Biogen Idec Biogen Idec
Augmenting the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle by a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate carbon fixation pathway (2018)

The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is presumably evolved for optimal synthesis of C3 sugars, but not for the production of C2 metabolite acetyl-CoA. The carbon loss in producing acetyl-CoA from decarboxylation of C3 sugar limits the maximum carbon yield of photosynthesis. Here we design a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate (MCG) pathway to augment the CBB cycle for efficient acetyl-CoA synthesis. This pathway converts a C3 metabolite to two acetyl-CoA by fixation of one additional CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent, or assimilates glyoxylate, a photorespiration intermediate, to produce acetyl-CoA without net carbon loss. We first functionally demonstrate the design of the MCG pathway in vitro and in Escherichia coli. We then implement the pathway in a photosynthetic organism Synechococcus elongates PCC7942, and show that it increases the intracellular acetyl-CoA pool and enhances bicarbonate assimilation by roughly 2-fold. This work provides a strategy to improve carbon fixation efficiency in photosynthetic organisms.
Endometrial stromal sarcoma arising from vaginal endometriosis. (1978)

The present case reports the concurrence of endometriosis of the vaginal cuff with endometrial stromal sarcoma in association with high-dose estrogen. This case raises the question of whether chronic high-dose estrogen might be associated with malignant transformation of endometrial stroma. Although there is no definitive evidence of a causal relation between estrogen and endometrial stromal sarcoma, the possibility should be explored further. Therapy of this neoplasm is discussed and salient clinical and pathologic features are reviewed.
Band to Band Tunneling limited Off state Current in Ultra-thin Body Double Gate FETs with High Mobility Materials : III-V, Ge and strained Si/Ge (2006)

We have developed new band to band tunneling (BTBT) model, which captures band structure information, all possible transitions between different valleys, energy quantization and quantized density of states (DOS). Minimum standby off-state currents (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF,MIN</sub> ) are investigated in double gate (DG) MOSFETs with various high mobility materials, like GaAs, InAs, Ge and strained Si/Ge (s-Si/s-Ge) using the new band to band tunneling model. Our results show that the body thickness & supply voltage strongly affect the BTBT and should be carefully chosen to meet the ITRS specifications of the off state leakage current in these new high mobility/small bandgap materials
The effects of injection induced bandgap narrowing on bipolar transistors operating at low temperatures (2003)

The authors present evidence that injection-induced bandgap-narrowing plays an important role in determining the low-temperature characteristics of bipolar transistors. The transistors used for the investigation were scaled double-polysilicon self-aligned devices that have yielded sub-200 pS ECL (emitter coupled logic) gate delays at LN/sub 2/ temperature. The bandgap-narrowing phenomenon is shown to occur when a high density of free carriers is injected into the neutral base region of the device under high-current conditions; the net result is a significant enhancement in the low-temperature current gain that is unaccounted for in conventional device theory. This perturbation of the low-temperature device properties must be carefully considered for accurate device and circuit modelling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Investigation on continual training of computer-aided diagnosis systems by semi-supervised learning (2022)

Medical image analysis systems can help radiologists in reading images accurately and promptly. The systems are expected to be robust to images obtained with any imaging systems by different vendors and at different facilities. However, because of the prevalence of diseases and difficulty of collecting samples with various characteristics, the systems may not apply well to all the images. Artificial intelligence-powered systems are expected to learn from experience and be improved continuously. In this study, we investigated whether continual training with local samples can improve system performance using mammography and lung CT databases. Different training strategies using unlabeled data are compared.
Ergodic Capacity Analysis of Downlink Communication Systems under Covariance Shaping Equalizers (2022)

Advances in higher-end spectrum utilization has enabled user equipment to dock multiple antenna elements, and hence make use of selectivity via equalization in new generation of mobile networks. The equalization can exploit channel statistics to shape covariance matrices, and hence improve network performance at the physical layer of these networks by projecting segregated signals to non-overlapping subspaces. We propose to establish the promise of covariance shaping method by incorporating the equalizers in the modelling of a downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems and thereby characterizing a key performance indicator, namely, the sum ergodic capacity. This is achieved by utilizing a residue theory approach which can account for indefinite eigenvalues. The system modelling is generic in a sense that it requires the base station (BS) to only have second order statistics of the channel rather than instantaneous knowledge. Furthermore, the BS incorporates a transmit beamformer design to enhance the ergodic capacity and feedforward the information of covariance shaping equalizers. Search method for transmit beamforming is also proposed which shows a promising three fold increase in sum ergodic capacity at signal-to-noise ratio of 10 dB for the considered MU-MIMO system. Proposed characterization of the system is authenticated using simulation means, and a comparative analysis of transmit beamformer designs on the sum ergodic rate is showcased.
Momelotinib is a highly potent inhibitor of FLT3-mutant AML (2021)

Abstract Kinase activating mutation in FLT3 is the most frequent genetic lesion associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therapeutic response to FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is dismal, and many patients relapse even after allogenic stem cell transplantation. Despite the introduction of more selective FLT3 inhibitors, remissions are short-lived, and patients show progressive disease after an initial response. Acquisition of resistance-conferring genetic mutations and growth factor signaling are two principal mechanisms that drive relapse. FLT3 inhibitors targeting both escape mechanisms could lead to a more profound and lasting clinical responses. Here we show that the JAK2 inhibitor, momelotinib, is an equipotent type-1 FLT3 inhibitor. Momelotinib showed potent inhibitory activity on both mouse and human cells expressing FLT3-ITD, including clinically relevant resistant mutations within the activation loop at residues, D835, D839, and Y842. Additionally, momelotinib efficiently suppressed the resistance mediated by FLT3 ligand (FL) and hematopoietic cytokine activated JAK2 signaling. Interestingly, unlike gilteritinib, momelotinib inhibits the expression of MYC in leukemic cells. Consequently, concomitant inhibition of FLT3 and downregulation of MYC by momelotinib treatment showed better efficacy in suppressing the leukemia in a preclinical murine model of AML. Altogether, these data provide evidence that momelotinib is an effective type-1 dual JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor and may offer an alternative to gilteritinib. Its ability to impede the resistance conferred by growth factor signaling and activation loop mutants suggests that momelotinib treatment could provide a deeper and durable response; thus, warrants its clinical evaluation. Key points Momelotinib shows high efficacy against FLT3 mutated AML cells including quizartinib-resistant activation loop variants. Momelotinib effectively suppresses intrinsic resistance conferred by FLT3 ligand and hematopoietic cytokines (GM-CSF and IL3).
[Paper] Performance Evaluations of Comfort Route Navigation Providing High-QoS Communication for Mobile Users (2014)

To improve Quality of Service in wireless networks while mobile users travel, we introduce Comfort Route Navigation (CRN) which is a navigation system based on a user centric mobility management for next generation wireless networks. CRN provides an optimal route that satisfies user needs, such as obtaining maximum wireless resources. To achieve CRN, we construct an access point (AP) map of Shinjuku city. To reflect quality of APs in this map, we evaluate throughputs at seven public Wi-Fi spots. Based on these observations, we evaluate performance of our CRN via computer simulations and in a real environment. These evaluations conduct that a CRN user could obtain higher communication quality rather than a Shortest Route (SR) user. These evaluations also conclude that CRN gain depends heavily on the quality and location of the best broadband spot.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Synthesis of Ro24‐5913, a Novel Leukotriene D4 Antagonist. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
REDUCTION OF NICKEL-COPPER MATTE/OXYSULFIDE/SLAG (2006)

To improve the value of recovered metals, a new operating concept for the Inco flash furnace was investigated in which the flash furnace coke addition practice aimed to establish a reducing barrier on the surface of the molten bath. The descending partially oxidized sulfide mineral particles would reach the supernatant coke layer prior to the formation of slag. The key for success depends on the effectiveness of the coke layer to produce a sulfur deficient matte while maintaining the furnace production capacity.The mechanism and rate of carbon reduction of the phases formed in the flash flame (i.e., sulfide (matte) and oxysulfide) were investigated by means of crucible graphite reduction tests. The objective of these tests was to measure the rate of solid graphite reduction of matte, oxysulfide, slag and matte+slag mixture at different temperatures. These tests were expected to permit understanding and explain the reduction mechanism of each material by comparing the respective reaction rates, product reaction gas compositions, reduced material assays and other relevant parameters. Direct visual inspection of the test crucibles would provide additional information.Afin d’améliorer la valeur des métaux récupérés, on a étudié un nouveau concept d’opération du four éclair d’Inco, dans lequel la pratique d’addition de coke du four éclair visait à établir une barrière de réduction à la surface du bain fondu. Les particules minérales descendantes de sulfure, partiellement oxydées, attendraient la couche de coke surnageante avant la formation de scorie. La clé du succès dépend de l’efficacité de la couche de coke à produire une matte déficiente en souffre tout en maintenant la capacité de production du four.On a étudié le mécanisme et le taux de réduction du carbone des phases formées dans la flamme éclair (i.e. sulfure (matte) et oxysulfure) au moyen d’essais de réduction de creuset en graphite. L’objectif de ces essais était de mesurer le taux de réduction du graphite solide de la matte, de l’oxysulfure, de la scorie et du mélange matte+scorie, à différentes températures. On s’attendait à ce que ces essais permettent de comprendre et d’expliquer le mécanisme de réduction de chaque matériau en comparant les taux respectifs de réaction, la composition des gaz de réaction produits, les balances du matériau réduit et autres paramètres pertinents. L’inspection visuelle directe des creusets d’essai fournirait de l’information additionnelle.
Hochdrucksynthese von BaSr<sub>2</sub>P<sub>6</sub>N<sub>12</sub> und BaCa<sub>2</sub>P<sub>6</sub>N<sub>12</sub> und Strukturvergleich der Reihe BaP<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, BaCa<sub>2</sub>P<sub>6</sub>N<sub>12</sub> und BaSr<sub>2</sub>P<sub>6</sub>N<sub>12</sub> (2005)

Abstract High‐Pressure Synthesis of BaSr 2 P 6 N 12 and BaCa 2 P 6 N 12 and Comparison of the Structures of BaP 2 N 4 , BaCa 2 P 6 N 12 , and BaSr 2 P 6 N 12 The novel nitridophosphates BaCa 2 P 6 N 12 and BaSr 2 P 6 N 12 were obtained by means of high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis utilizing the multianvil technique (1200 °C, 5 GPa). The complex anion [PN 2 − ] of the title compound is formally isoelectronic with silica. The crystal structure was solved from powder data and refined by the Rietveld method (BaCa 2 P 6 N 12 : $Pa{\bar 3}$ , Z = 4, a = 9,9578(2) Å; BaSr 2 P 6 N 12 : $Pa{\bar 3}$ , Z = 4, 10,0705(2) Å). The crystal structures are derived from that of BaP 2 N 4 which is isotypic with a high pressure phase of CaB 2 O 4 and BaGa 2 S 4 . For each compound the 31 P solid state NMR spectrum yielded a single resonance (BaCa 2 P 6 N 12 : 7.4 ppm; BaSr 2 P 6 N 12 :3.9 ppm).