gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of primary care access on mortality in lung cancer patients from Bronx, New York. (2018)

e18614 Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer care are well described. Lack of access to primary care physicians (PCPs) may be an important contributor to disparities attributed to race and ethnicity. This study examined the effects of primary care access on mortality in lung cancer (LC) patients (pts) in an underserved community. Methods: Medical records of all pts newly-diagnosed with primary lung cancer between 2012-2016 at a NCI-designated cancer center in the Bronx were reviewed. Demographic data and PCP status were collected. Addresses were correlated with the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) database to identify residences located in primary care shortage areas (PCSAs). Survival data from time of first imaging to death or the end of follow-up on January 1, 2018 were recorded. Data analysis was performed via univariate methods. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazards modeling. Results: Among 1062 pts, 874 (82%) resided in a PCSA, 314 (30%) were Hispanic (H), and 445 (42%) were African-American (AA). Hs and AAs were more likely to reside in PCSAs (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0008) and in ZIP codes with lower income (both p < 0.0001). Hs and AAs were more likely to depend on public insurance (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02). Pts who live in PCSAs presented at higher stages at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.03) and were diagnosed predominantly in inpatient settings with acute symptoms (p < 0.0001) rather than outpatient clinics (p = 0.0002). In the overall population, PCSA residence (mean: 24 vs. 30 months, p = 0.03, HR = 1.27) and no established PCP (mean: 22 vs. 28 months, p < 0.0001, HR = 1.50) were associated with increased all-cause mortality. In Cox modeling adjusting for stage at diagnosis and PCSA residence, lack of established PCP still predicts increased mortality (p = 0.03, HR = 1.20). Conclusions: Among new pts with LC, lack of established PCP is associated with increased mortality. Hs and AAs are more likely to reside in PCSAs, suggesting the link between increased mortality and race/ethnicity may be mediated by lack of access to primary care. Our results demonstrate that effective health policy efforts to reduce lung cancer mortality must include approaches to improve access to primary care.
On the performance of dual-hop space shift keying with single amplify-and-forward relay (2012)

In this paper, single amplify and forward (AF) relay is placed between the source and the destination in space shift keying (SSK) multiple-input single output (MISO) system. In SSK, transmit-antenna indices form a spatial constellation diagram where each group of base two logarithm of the input data bits are mapped to one spatial constellation point. Hence, at each time instant, only single transmit antenna is active, which transmits certain energy that contains no data symbol, and all other antennas are off. The receiver, with single receive antenna, decodes the received signal from the single antenna AF relay and estimates the index of the active transmit-antenna to retrieve the transmitted information bits. Closed-form bit error ratio (BER) is derived for the considered system in correlated and uncorrelated channels assuming a transmitter with two transmit antennas. The analytical framework is generalized for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas and a tight upper bound on the BER performance is derived. Additionally, asymptotic analysis are carried out to investigate the effect of the different system parameters on the overall system performance. The analytical results are validated through Monte-Carlo simulation results.
Synthesis of High Quality Transparent Nanocrystalline Diamond Films on Glass Substrates Using a Distributed Antenna Array Microwave System (2022)

Diamond is a material of choice for the fabrication of optical windows and for protective and anti-reflecting coatings for optical materials. For these kinds of applications, the diamond coating must have a high purity and a low surface roughness to guarantee a high transparency. It should also be synthesized at low surface temperature to allow the deposition on low melting-point substrates such as glasses. In this work, the ability of a Distributed Antenna Array (DAA) microwave system operating at low temperature and low pressure in H2/CH4/CO2 gas mixture to synthesize nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films on borosilicate and soda-lime glass substrates is investigated aiming at optical applications. The influence of the substrate temperature and deposition time on the film microstructure and optical properties is examined. The best film properties are obtained for a substrate temperature below 300 °C. In these conditions, the growth rate is around 50 nm·h−1 and the films are homogeneous and formed of spherical aggregates composed of nanocrystalline diamond grains of 12 nm in size. The resulting surface roughness is then very low, typically below 10 nm, and the diamond fraction is higher than 80%. This leads to a high transmittance of the NCD/glass systems, above 75%, and to a low absorption coefficient of the NCD film below 103 cm−1 in the visible range. The resulting optical band gap is estimated at 3.55 eV. The wettability of the surface evolves from a hydrophilic regime on the bare glass substrates to a more hydrophobic regime after NCD deposition, as assessed by the increase of the measured contact angle from less than 55° to 76° after the deposition of 100 nm thick NCD film. This study emphasizes that such transparent diamond films deposited at low surface temperature on glass substrate using the DAA microwave technology can find applications for optical devices.
Long-Term Exposures To Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter (Pm10-2.5) And The Right Ventricle (2015)

Introduction: Exposures to coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) have been associated with adverse pulmonary health. Although chronic pulmonary disease can result in right ventricular hypertrophy, no study has yet investigated associations between PM10-2.5 and dimensions of the right ventricle. Following related work linking fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to right ventricular mass, we examined cross-sectional relationships between long-term PM10-2.5 exposures and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), mass (RVEDM), and ejection fraction (RVEF) in a large, multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: Cardiac magnetic resonance images were collected during a baseline examination from 1,616 participants (aged 45-84 yr) in the three American metropolitan areas and analyzed for RV dimensions. We then estimated 5-year average PM10-2.5 mass and select chemical components (copper, zinc, phosphorus, silicon, and endotoxin) concentrations for each participant using site-specific land use regression models derived from project-specific measurements. Finally, we conducted multivariable linear regression models to assess associations between exposures and our three RV measures after control for demographic, health-related risk factors, smoking, metropolitan area, and PM2.5 concentrations. Results: We observed positive associations between RVEDM and long-term exposures to PM10-2.5 mass and all components but zinc and endotoxin. Associations were strongest for silicon with a 0.13 µg/m3 higher ambient concentration associated with a 0.5 g (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.8) larger RVEDM. These associations were not robust, however, to adjustment for PM2.5 and no associations were observed for RVEDV or RVEF in fully adjusted models. Conclusion: We found suggestive evidence of a positive association between long-term residential PM10-2.5 concentrations and RVEDM but these associations appeared to be confounded by levels of PM2.5.
Dielectric investigation of the liquid crystal compound with the directSmA*–SmC <sub>A</sub> * phase transition (2016)

New compound showing a direct SmA*–SmCA* phase transition was synthesised. As far as authors know there are a few pure compounds showing para- and antiferroelectric phases without SmC* between them. Direct current (DC) field applied into a planar-oriented cell induces ferroelectric SmC* phase in an investigated compound. Typical for SmC*, Goldstone mode starts to be detectable. DC field also shifts down the temperature of a SmCA* phase creation. Moreover, modes in the appearing antiferroelectic phase are enhanced by DC field. This paper shows and discusses relations between modes detected in SmA*, SmCA* and SmC* (SmC* phase – nucleated by DC field) phases. Parameters of observed modes are calculated using the Cole–Cole relaxation model and a calculation procedure useful especially for high frequency relaxations (higher than 200 kHz).
Virulence of <i>Pythium</i> Species Isolated from Wheat Fields in Eastern Washington (2004)

Although Pythium root rot in wheat (Triticum aestivum) is well documented, limited information is available concerning which species of Pythium are most responsible for disease damage. The objective of this study was to examine the variation in virulence on wheat among isolates of Pythium collected from cereal grain fields in eastern Washington. Isolates of nine Pythium species were tested for virulence on spring wheat cultivars Chinese Spring and Spillman. Cultivars were planted in pasteurized soil infested with Pythium isolates and placed in a growth chamber maintained at a constant 16°C and ambient humidity. Plant height, length of the first true leaf, and number of seminal roots were recorded, and roots were digitally scanned to create computer files that were analyzed using WinRhizo software. Pythium isolates caused a significant reduction (P &lt; 0.05) in the number of root tips, root length, and length of the first leaf. Differences in virulence were detected among species and among isolates within species. Isolate Pythium debaryanum 90136 and P. ultimum 90038 were the most virulent and may prove useful in future disease screening assays of Triticum germ plasm.
PCTAIRE1 regulates p27 stability, apoptosis and tumor growth in malignant melanoma (2014)

PCTAIRE1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase family protein that has been implicated in spermatogenesis. Although we recently revealed the function of PCTAIRE1 in tumorigenesis of epithelial carcinoma cells, its tumorigenic function in melanoma remains unclear. Interrogation of the Oncomine database revealed that malignant melanoma showed up-regulation of PCTAIRE1 mRNA compared to normal skin and benign melanocytic nevus tissues. In the melanoma cell lines A2058 and SK-MEL-28, PCTAIRE1 gene knockdown using siRNA or shRNA diminished melanoma cell proliferation as assessed by cellular ATP levels, cell counting and clonogenic assays. Moreover, FACS analyses of annexin V-PI staining and DNA content showed that PCTAIRE1 knockdown caused apoptosis in A2058 cells. In contrast, PCTAIRE1 does not appear to be involved in the proliferation of immortalized human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Depletion of PCTAIRE1 by siRNA/shRNA led to p27 accumulation in melanoma cells but not HaCaT cells. In tumor xenografts of melanoma A2058 cells, conditional knockdown of PCTAIRE1 restored p27 protein expression and suppressed tumor growth. Our findings reveal a crucial role for PCTAIRE1 in regulating p27 protein levels and tumor growth in melanoma cells, suggesting that PCTAIRE1 could provide a target for melanoma treatment.
Gain saturation and diffusion in CO&amp;lt;inf&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/inf&amp;gt;lasers (1969)

The effect of rotational-vibrational relaxation and molecular diffusion on the saturation parameter of the CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser is investigated experimentally. A summary is presented of how the theory of a two-level system can be extended to a multilevel laser system like the CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser. Published experimental results for the rate of relaxation of the upper levels are such as to suggest that diffusion effects can play an important role in laser beams with radii of less than a few millimeters. For experimental verification of the diffusion hypothesis, the gain of a sealed CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> amplifier is measured as a function of input power for four different beam radii. The equivalent saturation parameter derived from these measurements decreases monotonically from 97 to 25 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> as the average input beam radius increases from 0.9 to 2.5 mm in the 9-mm-radius discharge tube of the amplifier.
Safety application specific requirements on the data processing of environmental sensors (2004)

At first sight, safety applications based on environmental sensors have the same data requirements as comfort applications. A closer look makes clear that there are important differences especially concerning the data processing. This paper describes the requirements of safety and comfort orientated driver assistance systems. It is shown that the data-output provided by an environmental sensor, which is for example a radar sensor, does not exactly fit to the required data-input of these applications. This gap is closed by setting up a hypothesis on the environment by use of model assumptions. The information content of data and the reliability of the information change in the curse of data processing. Here is a major difference between safety and comfort applications. A safety critical application needs very reliable data, which can only be ensured when the included model assumptions are well known and the information content of data is clearly defined. Furthermore, it is necessary to describe the reliability of all provided information.
High performance materials in bridges : proceedings of the international conference : July 29-August 3, 2001, Kona, Hawaii (2003)

The Proceedings, Performance Materials in consists of 41 papers presented at the International Conference on High Performance Materials in Bridges, held July 29-August 3, 2001, in Kona, Hawaii. The conference brought together designers, researchers, contractors, fabricators, and government officials involved in the use of High Performance Materials, as applied to bridge structures. The focus of the conference was on the latest advances and issues related to High Performance Steel, High Performance Concrete, Fiber Reinforced Polymers, and Advanced Wood Composites as applied to bridge and building structures. The conference included presentations by keynote speakers summarizing major activities around the world and conference themes such as: advances in material research, design issues, code provisions, case studies, innovative uses, contractors' and fabricators' experiences, results from performance monitoring, current national and international promotional projects, and future trends in using High Performance Materials in Bridges.
Self-interrupted synthesis of sterically hindered aliphatic polyamide dendrimers (2020)

Hydrolytically and enzymatically stable nanoscale synthetic constructs, with well-defined structures that exhibit antimicrobial activity, offer exciting possibilities for diverse applications in the emerging field of nanomedicine. Herein, we demonstrate that it is the core conformation, rather than periodicity, that ultimately controls the synthesis of sterically hindered aliphatic polyamide dendrimers. The latter self-interrupt at a predictable low generation number due to backfolding of their peripheral groups, which in turn leads to well-defined nanoarchitectures.
Multi-type multi-modal simulator for transit service quality evaluation (2013)

A multi-agent simulator has been developed for evaluating user type dependence of transit quality in an intelligent multi-modal transit system. The simulator is useful for transit service operators and transit information services to evaluate how service scenarios and guidance systems can affect transit quality experienced by various types of users with different profiles. The simulator allows modeling how user profiles affect behavior in regard to switching routes and travel modes during trips. Examples are presented for urban transit scenarios in Sydney Australia.
Electron Transfer Mechanism and Photochemistry of Ferrioxalate Induced by Excitation in the Charge Transfer Band (2008)

The photoredox reaction of ferrioxalate after 266/267 nm excitation in the charge transfer band has been studied by means of ultrafast extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis, optical transient spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry calculations. The Fe-O bond length changes combined with the transient spectra and kinetics have been measured and in combination with ultrahigh frequency density functional theory (UHF/DFT) calculations are used to determine the photochemical mechanism for the Fe(III) to Fe(II) redox reaction. The present data and the results obtained with 266/267 nm excitations strongly suggest that the primary reaction is the dissociation of the Fe-O bond before intramolecular electron transfer occurs. Low quantum yield electron photodetachment from ferrioxalate has also been observed.
Chicken Y-box proteins chk-YB-1b and chk-YB-2 repress translation by sequence-specific interaction with single-stranded RNA (2000)

Y-Box proteins comprise a large family of multifunctional proteins with a wide spectrum of activities in both transcription and translational regulation of gene expression. Earlier, we have reported on the involvement of chk-YB-2 in transcriptional regulation of Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeats and the involvement of chk-YB-1b in transcriptional regulation of alpha1(I) collagen genes. Here, we have investigated the potential role of chk-YB-2 and chk-YB-1b in RNA metabolism. We report that chk-YB-2 and chk-YB-1b are localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and that they both can bind single-stranded RNA in a sequence-specific and reversible manner. Well-conserved cold-shock domain, N-terminal proline-rich domain and the alternating clusters of acidic and basic amino acids located in the C-terminal ends of these two proteins were all found to be necessary for their RNA-binding ability. Further, we demonstrate that these two proteins inhibit translation in vitro and that binding to RNA is required for this inhibition. The significance of these results is discussed.
Applications of Microscope-Integrated Indocyanine Green Videoangiography in Cerebral Revascularization Procedures (2019)

Indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA) is a near-infrared range fluorescent marker used for intraoperative real-time assessment of flow in cerebrovascular surgery. Given its high spatial and temporal resolution, ICG-VA has been widely established as a useful technique to perform a qualitative analysis of the graft patency during revascularization procedures. In addition, this fluorescent modality can also provide valuable qualitative and quantitative information regarding the cerebral blood flow within the bypass graft and in the territories supplied. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered to be the gold standard diagnostic modality for postoperative bypass graft patency assessment. However, this technique is time and labor intensive and an expensive interventional procedure. In contrast, ICG-VA can be performed intraoperatively with no significant addition to the total operative time and, when used correctly, can accurately show acute occlusion. Such time-sensitive ischemic injury detection is critical for flow reestablishment through direct surgical management. In addition, ICG has an excellent safety profile, with few adverse events reported in the literature. This review outlines the chemical behavior, technical aspects, and clinical implications of this tool as an intraoperative adjunct in revascularization procedures.
TECHNICAL NOTE (2000)

Brain surgery is often performed to provide relief of symptoms and recovery of impaired neurological functions. Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring during these procedures can significantly reduce the risk of certain complications, such as ischemia and direct insult to functionally intact neural tissue, since it provides a way to quantify the structural and functional integrity of the neuronal structures at risk. In this part of the series on intraoperative monitoring we give specific examples that demonstrate the usefulness of these procedures during the course of a variety of operations involving the brain, including tumor removal, arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm clipping, and cranial nerve surgery.
Chemistry-Inspired Algorithm for Emergent Distributed Consensus in WSNs (2013)

In wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs), nodes collaborate to accomplish distributed sensing and computation. One of the most attractive features is that global macro- behaviors in the network emerge from local micro-actions in and interactions between nodes. In this paper, we review a recently proposed approach, which bases on a chemical metaphor and its related theory, to design, analyze, and implement systems with such an emerging property. As an example of distributed, emerging computation in WSNs, we extend an existing gossip-like chemistry-inspired protocol (the “Disperser”) and propose a new chemically driven solution to consensus problems that is applicable in WSNs. We analyze it with a signal processing approach and validate results through simulations. The proposed chemical algorithm is not based on the iterative packet-exchange but rather on a continuous rate-modulation. The algorithm is thought to lie at the physical layer and to directly control the basic transmission hardware of the nodes in a sort of protocol-less operation mode.
Selective Enzymatic Removal of Protecting Functions: Heptyl Esters as Carboxy Protecting Groups in Peptide Synthesis (1990)

From benzyloxycarbonyl (Z), tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) and allyloxycarbonyl (Aloc) protected dipeptide heptyl esters the N-terminal protecting groups can be removed by chemical methods and the C-terminal COOH function is liberated selectively by enzymatic hydrolysis with a lipase from Rhizopus niveus.
Synthesis and Hydrolytic Cleavage of 1‐Aryl‐5‐cyano‐6‐(2‐dimethylaminovinyl)‐4‐oxo (thioxo)‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bis(pyridine)iodonium(I) tetrafluoroborate (2002)

The title compound, C10H10IN2+·BF4−, or IPy2BF4, is found to crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system. The asymmetric unit contains two tetrafluoroborate anions, one independent IPy2 cation and two half-cations; for the latter the I atoms lie on centres of symmetry. A slight deviation from planarity is observed in the crystallographically independent IPy2 cation.
Atomic-scale planarization of Ge (111), (110) and (100) surfaces (2014)

The Ge surfaces are planarized in H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> annealing with atomically flat manner on (110) and (100) surfaces in addition to that on (111) surface. The terrace widths on (111) and (110) are almost controlled by the off-angle of the initial surface. The low thermal budget of 500°C in H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> to form the atomically flat surface is advantageous for the device fabrication on Ge (111) and (110) surfaces, because these surface orientations fortunately are expected to facilitate the high electron and hole mobility for n- and p-FETs, respectively.