gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfur cycling in mixed cultures of sulfide-oxidizing and sulfate- or sulfur-reducing oil field bacteria (1999)

Thiomicrospira strain CVO and Arcobacter strain FWKO B are two nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) isolated from the Coleville field in western Canada. Analysis by reverse sample genome probing (RSGP) indicates that both can be enriched from Coleville produced water samples by addition of nitrate. Neither could be enriched from waters produced from oil fields with a high resident temperature (40-60°C). In co-cultures of the two microorganisms, CVO dominated at lower and FWKO B at higher sulfide concentrations. Sulfide concentrations of up to 15 mM (480 ppm) could be controlled (i.e., reduced to lower values) by the co-culture. Mixed cultures of a sulfate-reducing bacterium (Desulfovibrio strain Lac6) and CVO or FWKO B produced considerably less sulfide than cultures of Lac6 alone, indicating that these NR-SOB can efficiently oxidize sulfide generated by sulfate reduction provided nitrate is present. The same observations were made for mixed cultures of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium (Desulfuromonas acetoxidans) and CVO. The results indicate that successful nitrate-mediated conversion of sulfide to oxidized forms (sulfur, sulfate) in oil field production waters by NR-SOB requires the absence of high concentrations of electron donors (e.g., lactate, acetate) that can reverse the nitrate-mediated oxidation reaction.
Diminished default mode network recruitment of the hippocampus and parahippocampus in temporal lobe epilepsy (2013)

This study demonstrated that recoding brain regions by the laterality to their epileptogenic focus increases the power of statistical approaches for finding interhemispheric differences in brain function. Using this approach, the authors showed TLE to selectively diminish connectivity of the hippocampus and parahippocampus in the hemisphere of the epileptogenic focus. This approach may prove to be a useful method for determining the seizure onset zone with TLE, and could be broadly applied to other neurological disorders with a lateralized onset.
Combined fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia causes myelin deficits and autism‐like behavior in a rat model of diffuse white matter injury (2017)

Diffuse white matter injury (WMI) is a serious problem in extremely preterm infants, and is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome, including cognitive impairments and an increased risk of autism-spectrum disorders. Important risk factors include fetal or perinatal inflammatory insults and fluctuating cerebral oxygenation. However, the exact mechanisms underlying diffuse WMI are not fully understood and no treatment options are currently available. The use of clinically relevant animal models is crucial to advance knowledge on the pathophysiology of diffuse WMI, allowing the definition of novel therapeutic targets. In the present study, we developed a multiple-hit animal model of diffuse WMI by combining fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia in rats. We characterized the effects on white matter development and functional outcome by immunohistochemistry, MRI and behavioral paradigms. Combined fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia resulted in delayed cortical myelination, microglia activation and astrogliosis at P18, together with long-term changes in oligodendrocyte maturation as observed in 10 week old animals. Furthermore, rats with WMI showed impaired motor performance, increased anxiety and signs of autism-like behavior, i.e. reduced social play behavior and increased repetitive grooming. In conclusion, the combination of fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia in rats induces a pattern of brain injury and functional impairments that closely resembles the clinical situation of diffuse WMI. This animal model provides the opportunity to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying WMI, and can be used to develop novel treatment options for diffuse WMI in preterm infants.
A novel fabrication technology of a polymer optical waveguide and its application (2007)

This study describes a novel fabrication technology of multimode polymer optical waveguide, which is named "Large-area Advanced Micro Molding"(LAMM). One of the features of the LAMM method is to replicate the core shape of a waveguide using a silicone rubber mold. The benefits of using the LAMM method are: a low fabrication cost, environment friendliness due to zero emission and organic solvent free fabrication, and possibility to fabricate core sizes (30-120 &mu;m). The multimode waveguide fabricated by the LAMM method provided low optical power loss of 0.06 dB/cm at 850 nm due to a flat boundary between core and cladding. In addition, by using a sandwich structure with high-durability films, the waveguide showed a good stability of <0.1 dB (waveguide length 70 mm) when left at 85 °C / 85% RH for 2000 hours and 0.03 dB/cm for soldering process. Using this fabrication method, we applied waveguides to form Y-branch and create horizontal 90° reflection micromirrors. An optical module using this waveguide with opt-electric devices such as vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) and photodiodes (PDs) showed error-free data transmission at the rate of 3.125 Gbps.
Stereochemical analysis of acrylic copolymers with large polar side groups by NMR spectroscopy (1996)

Abstract NMR spectra give abundant information at the microstructural level. When pseudoasymmetric carbon atoms are present in the monomeric repeating units, it is possible to obtain valuable information about the relative stereochemical configuration of the side substituents of the pseudoasymmetric center. This is the best way to know the tacticity of a polymer and the cotacticity parameters of copolymers, as well as the average distribution of comonomeric units along the chains, according to the polymerization mechanism. In this work, we present the microstructural and stereochemical characterization of acrylic copolymers prepared by free radical copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate with a methacrylic ester or methacrylamide derivative, bearing polar side groups of biomedical interest. These copolymer systems were analyzed by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy to determine the average molar composition, and the corresponding reactivity ratios, and by 13 C‐NMR to study the microstructural and stereochemical configuration of comonomer sequences in terms of triads and pentads. Analyses account for the mechanism of polymerization, which fits first order Markov statistics for the addition of comonomers to free radical growing ends. The stereochemical distribution is described by a Bernoullian trial.
The Identification and Differentiation between <i>Burkholderia mallei</i> and <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> Using One Gene Pyrosequencing (2014)

The etiologic agents for melioidosis and glanders, Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei respectively, are genetically similar making identification and differentiation from other Burkholderia species and each other challenging. We used pyrosequencing to determine the presence or absence of an insertion sequence IS407A within the flagellin P (fliP) gene and to exploit the difference in orientation of this gene in the two species. Oligonucleotide primers were designed to selectively target the IS407A-fliP interface in B. mallei and the fliP gene specifically at the insertion point in B. pseudomallei. We then examined DNA from ten B. mallei, ten B. pseudomallei, 14 B. cepacia, eight other Burkholderia spp., and 17 other bacteria. Resultant pyrograms encompassed the target sequence that contained either the fliP gene with the IS407A interruption or the fully intact fliP gene with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. These pyrosequencing assays based upon a single gene enable investigators to reliably identify the two species. The information obtained by these assays provides more knowledge of the genomic reduction that created the new species B. mallei from B. pseudomallei and may point to new targets that can be exploited in the future.
Efficient Production of <i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminic Acid in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Based on the UDP-<i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (2023)

<i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) is the predominant sialic acid found in human cells and a human-identical milk monosaccharide. Due to its numerous health benefits, it has great commercial potential in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Microbial synthesis via metabolic engineering strategies is an important approach to its large-scale production. In this study, a NeuAc synthetic pathway was constructed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21(DE3) by deleting the competitive pathway genes and introducing two genes encoding UDP-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 2-epimerase (NeuC) and NeuAc synthase (NeuB). UDP-GlcNAc pathway genes, <i>glmS</i>, <i>glmM</i>, and <i>glmU,</i> were overexpressed to strengthen precursor supply for enhancement of NeuAc synthesis. The microbial source of <i>neuC</i> and <i>neuB</i> was optimized, and their expression was fine-tuned. In addition, glycerol as the carbon source showed a much better effect on NeuAc synthesis than glucose. The final engineered strain produced 7.02 g/L NeuAc by shake-flask cultivation. The titer was enhanced to 46.92 g/L by fed-batch cultivation, with the productivity of 0.82 g/L/h and 1.05 g/g DCW.
Exploration-path generation of multiple mobile robots using reaction-diffusion equation on a graph (2004)

In this paper we present a method for cooperative exploration by multiple mobile robots in a restricted working area. By generating and sharing the minimal-length path for each mobile robot in which mobile robots go through several observation points to explore the working area. The observation points should be arranged at a fixed distance from at least one corresponding observation point. Therefore, mobile robots can obtain the complete information of the working area by only moving along all of the observation points. To reduce the redundancy of exploration task, the number of observation points and the length of observation paths for each mobile robot are to be minimized. To ensure the advantages from using multiple mobile robots, exploration path must be equally assigned to each mobile robot. Simulations had proved the efficiency of cooperating mobile robots using our proposed method. The feasible of our method is real world with actual mobile robots was demonstrated in cooperative exploration experiment.
Light‐Controllable Binary Switch Activation of CAR T Cells (2022)

Major challenges to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies include uncontrolled immune activity, off-tumor toxicities and tumor heterogeneity. To overcome these challenges, we engineered CARs directed against small molecules. By conjugating the same small molecule to distinct tumor-targeting antibodies, we show that small molecule specific-CAR T cells can be redirected to different tumor antigens. Such binary switches allow control over the degree of CAR T cell activity and enables simultaneous targeting of multiple tumor-associated antigens. We also demonstrate that ultraviolet light-sensitive caging of small molecules blocks CAR T cell activation. Exposure to ultraviolet light, uncaged small molecules and restored CAR T cell-mediated killing. Together, our data demonstrate that a light-sensitive caging system enables an additional level of control over tumor cell killing, which could improve the therapeutic index of CAR T cell therapies.
Subjective quality assessment methodology for 3D video compression technology (2012)

In this paper the methodology of subjective quality assessment for 3D video sequences is proposed. Described methodology was designed with particular attention to comparison of different 3D compression techniques. Additionally, detailed description of test session construction and design is presented. Experimental results for state-of-the-art 3D encoders performed on two 3D monitors are also included.
Book reviews (1989)

Economic, technological and locational trends in European services. Jeremy Howells, Avebury, Aldershot, 1988. 225pp, £25.00, ISBN 0 566 05646 1. Technological innovation, structural change and location in UK services. Jeremy Howells and Anne Green, Avebury, Aldershot, 1988. 252pp, £25.00, ISBN 0 566 05660 7. A wilderness of marshes: the origins of public health in Shanghai, 1843–1893. Kerrie L. Macpherson, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988. 346pp, ISBN 0 19 584019 4. Paris 1979–1989. Sabine Fachard (ed), Rizzoli, New York, 1988. 192pp, $37.50, ISBN 0 8478 0899 8. The architectural and social history of cooperative living. Lynn F. Pearson, Macmillan Press, London, 1988. 274pp. £33.00, ISBN 0 333 40620 6. The Garden City Utopia; a critical biography of Ebenezer Howard. Robert Beevers, Macmillan Press, Basingstoke, 1988. 206pp, £27.50, ISBN 0 333 42375 5. Government factories and the origins of British regional policy, 1934–1948, including a case study of North Eastern Trading Estates Ltd. Herbert Loebl, Avebury, Aldershot, 1988. 418pp, £35.00 hardback ISBN 0 566 05343 8. The politics of urban development. Clarence N. Stone and Heywood T. Sanders (eds), University Press, Kansas, 1987. 336 pp, cloth $29.95 ISBN 0 7006 0332 8 paper $12.95 ISBN 0 7006 0333 6. Kingsport, Tennessee: a planned American city. Margaret Ripley Wolfe, University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, 1987. 259 pp, $24.00, ISBN 0 8131 1624 4. Reforming London: the London government problem 1855–1900. John Davis, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988. 303 pp, £29.50, ISBN 0 19 822937 2. Land and housing policies in Europe and the USA: a comparative analysis. Graham Hallett (ed.), Routledge, London, 1988. 216 pp, price £27.50, ISBN 0 415 00511 6. Inner city waste land. An assessment of government and market failure in land development. Michael Chisholm and Philip Kivell, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, Hobart Paper 108, 1987. 80 pp, £3.50, ISBN 0 255 36202 1. The iconography of landscape. Essays on the symbolic representation, design and use of past environments. Denis Cosgrove and Stephen Daniels (eds), University Press, Cambridge, Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography, 9, 1988. 318 pp, £30.00 ($49.50), ISBN 0 521 32437 8. Pittsburgh; an urban portrait. Franklin Toker, Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA, 1986. 351 pp, cloth $29.95, ISBN 0 271 00415 0, paper $16.95, ISBN 0 271 00438 X. Jurgen Friedrichs, Allen C. Goodman et al., Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1987. 256 pp, $34.95, ISBN 0 89925 274 5. The uncertain future of the urban core. Christopher M. Law in association with E. K. Grime, C. J. Grundy, M. L. Senior and J. N. Tuppen, Routledge, London, 1988. 253 pp, price £32.50, ISBN 0 415 00464 0. The allotment. Its landscape and culture. David Crouch and Colin Ward, Faber and Faber, London, 1988. 322 pp, £13.95, ISBN 0 571 15010 1.
Treatment of Positional Plagiocephaly with Dynamic Orthotic Cranioplasty (1994)

Dynamic orthotic cranioplasty (DOC) was developed to treat asymmetrical head shape of a nonsynostotic origin, which is defined by the term positional plagiocephaly. These positional deformations have been found to correlate with a number of environmental factors. Infants with positional plagiocephaly may exhibit complex multistructural asymmetry affecting the cranial vault, face, and skull base, or expression may be local in nature. Between 1988 and 1993, we performed DOC on 124 infants with positional plagiocephaly. Through clinical, anthropometric, radiographic, and statistical evaluation, we found that DOC corrects positional deformation of the cranial vault, skull base, and upper face, with no evident relapse following treatment. The design and the global approach to deformation address a wide spectrum of abnormal head shapes. The procedure is dynamic and customized, and it does not rely on passive growth alone for improvement.
Mechanismen der IgG-Aktivität in der Therapie von Autoimmunität und Krebs (2021)

Antikörper stellen eines der am häufigsten verwendeten Biomoleküle für die Therapie von Autoimmunerkrankungen und Krebs dar. Trotz dieser breiten Anwendung in der Therapie fehlt ein vollständiges Verständnis der molekularen und zellulären Grundlagen, über die Antikörper im Menschen ihre Wirkung entfalten. Forschungsarbeiten der letzten Jahre haben faszinierende Einblicke in die vielfältigen Funktionsweisen von Antikörpern gegeben, die zu einer Verbesserung der Wirkung dieser potenten Biomoleküle beitragen.
Enhanced Kinetics and Free-Volume Universality in Dense Aggregating Systems (2002)

Aggregation kinetics and cluster-size distributions are studied with off-lattice, diffusion-limited cluster-cluster simulations. With increased cluster crowding (occurring at late times) as measured by the normalized free volume, Omega, both the kinetics speeds up and the size distribution broadens. The exponents characterizing each, z and lambda, respectively, are found to be universal functions of Omega. Moreover, the relation z=(1-lambda)(-1) continues to hold up to omega=0 (the ideal gel point), implying mean-field kinetics still applies despite the crowding.
Volume Fractions of Tantalum Carbides Deduced from the Ta Contents in the Matrix of Three 1250°C–Aged Cobalt–Based Alloys; Comparison with Thermodynamic Calculations (2020)

Some superalloys for service at high temperature under stresses are strengthened by tantalum carbides. Their creep resistance depends on the quantity of TaC and this is the reason why it is often important to control the volume fraction of these carbides in the microstructure. Metallographic preparation followed by electron imaging and surface fraction measurements by image analysis is a frequent way for that. Another possibility is to deduce the mass fraction of TaC, and after their volume fraction, from the chemical composition of the matrix when the alloys are only double–phased, on the {matrix + TaC} type. In this work three alloys – chemically designed to be made exclusively of matrix and TaC – were elaborated and isothermally exposed to an elevated temperature for a duration long enough to allow the alloys being at their thermodynamic equilibria. The chemical compositions of the alloy and of its matrix were measured and the results allowed evaluating their TaC mass fractions which were converted in volume fractions. The obtained TaC fractions were compared to results issued from thermodynamic calculations. Good agreement was found for the three alloys, and this allowed to exploit the used software and thermodynamic database to explore further the microstructures at the same high temperature, notably to know the conditions on the Co, Ni, Cr, Ta and C contents to keep the {matrix + TaC} structure and to avoid any possible partial melting.
Sex differences in prognosis of childhood T‐cell leukemia (1982)

Bone marrows of 41 untreated children and adolescents with acute lymphocytic leukemia were studied by combined immunologic and histochemical methods at the time of diagnosis. Eleven were classified as T-cell lymphoblastic leukemias (27%) on the basis of cytochemical stains and E-rosette assay. The patients in this group has low median age of 8 years, relatively low median WBC of 13.4 x 10(3)/cc, 6/11 were female, and only 2/5 males had a mediastinal mass. The girls had a lower median age than boys (7 vs 9 years), none had mediastinal masses or extramedullary involvement, and their survival was greater than 27 months compared to 14 months for the boys (P less than 0.01). All patients were enrolled and treated on the (then) currently active CCSG protocols for ALL. This study emphasizes the fact that not all patients with T-cell ALL have poor prognosis, that sex could be an important factor affecting survival, and that the difference in survival could not be adequately explained by differences in the initial WBC.
Gold Electroless Reduction in Nanosized Channels of Thiol-Modified SBA-15 Material (2005)

A new procedure for the preparation of high aspect ratio Au nanowires utilizing gold electroless reduction in the hexagonally ordered, thiol-modified nanosized channels of the SBA-15 material is reported. Two different Au precursors were adsorbed onto pedant thiol groups, covalently bonded to the mesoporous silica surface, and used as seeds to grow extended Au nanostructures by treatment in Au electroless reduction bath. It is shown that the dimensions and the assembly of the Au seeds are important parameters for the subsequent electroless reduction process. The [AuCl4]- ions complexed to the TOAB molecules assembled on the thiol-modified mesoporous surface of the SBA-15 material are suitable precursors for the subsequent gold electroless reduction. The resulting structures are several micrometer long Au nanowires with uniform diameters of about 5 nm, having large single-crystalline domains. The TEM results clearly show that the growth of the Au nanowires is templated by the channel structure of the SBA-15 material.
Design of a Solar Array to Meet the Standard Bus Specification for Operation Responsive Space (2007)

tandardized satellite platforms, payloads, and components are all important parts of the United States Department of Defense’s initiative to develop an Operationally Responsive Space (ORS). Recognizing the need for reliable power sources on future ORS satellites, TacSat-4 seeks to qualify a Standard Bus Array, which will meet the potential power requirements of future missions, yet be capable of accommodating the quick lead times, high reliability, low mass, and aggressive price targets associated with ORS. To meet these needs, Composite Technology Development (CTD), with the support of DR Technologies, has developed a deployable solar array design with a minimal overall part count and complexity, and a low overall cost. A key to achieving a low overall cost is the use of TEMBO Elastic Memory Composite Hinges that are substantially simpler and lighter than traditional mechanical hinge/actuators, and eliminate the need for separate drive, damping, and locking mechanisms. The present paper will provide an overview of this alternative design for the Standard Bus Array, including electrical and mechanical interfaces with a standardized ORS bus, stowed system envelope, launch-retention system, and a description of the deployment concept of operations for the array. S
Neue Wege zu porösen monolithischen Materialien mit einheitlicher Porenverteilung (2001)

Definierte Porositäten im unteren Nanometerbereich haben leicht modifizier- und bearbeitbare Templatmaterialien, die aus mesoporösen Polystyrol-Monolithen hergestellt werden können. Diese sind über eine chemisch schonende Hydrolyse einer Poly(styrol-b-milchsäure)-Vorstufe (siehe Strukturformel) gut zugänglich.
Multifunctional combinatorial-designed nanoparticles for nucleic acid therapy (2016)

Recent advances in biomedical sciences, especially in the field of human genetics, is increasingly considered to facilitate a new frontier in development of novel disease-modifying therapeutics. One of major challenges in the development of nucleic acid therapeutics is efficient and specific delivery of the molecules to the target tissue and cell upon systemic administration. In this report, I discuss our strategy to develop combinatorial-designed multifunctional nanoparticle assemblies based on natural biocompatible and biodegradable polymers for nucleic acid delivery in: (1) overcoming tumor drug resistance and (2) genetic modulation of macrophage functional phenotype from M1 to M2 in treatment of inflammatory diseases.