gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Late transcripts of adenovirus type 12 DNA are not translated in hamster cells expressing the E1 region of adenovirus type 5 (1994)

Hamster cells are completely nonpermissive for the replication of human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12), whereas types 2 and 5 can replicate in hamster cells. The Ad5-transformed hamster cell line BHK297-C131, which carries the left terminal 18.7% of the Ad5 genome and expresses at least the viral E1A region, can somehow complement Ad12 DNA replication and the transcription of the late Ad12 genes. Since the interaction of Ad12 with hamster cells must constitute a significant factor in the induction of Ad12 tumors in neonatal hamsters, we have continued to examine details of this abortive virus infection. The late Ad12 mRNAs in BHK297-C131 cells are polyadenylated but are synthesized in reduced amounts compared with the Ad12 products in Ad12-infected human cells, which are permissive for viral replication. The late mRNA derived from the Ad12 fiber gene has been assessed for its structural properties. By cloning cDNA transcripts from this region and determining their nucleotide sequences, the authenticity of the complete Ad12 fiber sequence and the completeness of the Ad12-typical tripartite leader have been confirmed. Moreover, in Ad12-infected BHK297-C131 cells the Ad12 virus-associated RNA, a virus-encoded translational activator with the correct nucleotide sequence, is synthesized. Nevertheless, the synthesis of detectable amounts of Ad12 virion-specific proteins, and in particular that of the main viral antigens, hexons and fibers, cannot be documented. Cellular factors needed to promote late mRNA translation might be missing, or inhibitory factors might exist in Ad12-infected BHK297-C131 cells.
A study of the reproducibility of a fluorescence in situ hybridization bladder cancer detection assay. (2008)

There was a high level of reproducibility among the mid- and high-level positive specimens. The reproducibility for low-level positive specimens was lowest, suggesting that such specimens should be reviewed by a second technologist to ensure an accurate diagnosis. The findings of this study are important for further elucidating the clinical value of quantitative FISH analysis in the management of patients undergoing FISH testing for bladder cancer.
Archon: A Function Programmable Optical Interconnect Architecture for Transparent Intra and Inter Data Center SDM/TDM/WDM Networking (2015)

This paper reports all-optical, function programmable, transparent, intra- and inter-data center networking (DCN) using space and time-division multiplexing (SDM/TDM) within data centers and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) between data centers. A multielement fiber is used for SDM transmission to provide a large quantity of optical links between the top-of-racks (ToRs) and the function programmable cluster switch. Beam-steering large-port-count fiber switches, used as central cluster switches and intercluster switch, provide a single hop optical circuit switching solution, and also enable network function programmability for DCN to support variable traffic patterns and different network functions. A TDM switch as a plug-in function provides intra-cluster communication with variable capacity and low latency. The flat-structured intra data center architecture, with a circuit-switched SDM and TDM hybrid network enables scalable, large-capacity and low-latency DCN communication. In addition, all-optical ToR-to-ToR inter-DCN is realized through metro/core networks. A highly-nonlinear fiber based all-optical SDM-to-WDM converter transfers three SDM signals to three-carrier spectral superchannel signals, which are transmitted to the destination DCN, through the metro/core networks. The all-optical ToR-ToR cross-DCN connections enable the geographically distributed DCNs to appear as one big data center.
A monoclonal antibody that induces T cell aggregation reacts with vascular endothelial cells and placental trophoblasts. (1986)

We have found that a mouse monoclonal antibody (alpha Leu-13) to a 16 kilodalton human lymphocyte surface antigen reacts with vascular endothelial cells as determined by immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissue sections. In earlier studies, alpha Leu-13 was found to induce purified T cells to aggregate when added to cultures in nanogram concentrations. In the studies reported here, alpha Leu-13 stained vascular endothelial cells of arteries, capillaries, and veins in all organs examined from adults. It also reacted weakly with epithelial cells of proximal tubules of the kidney and with nonkeratinized basal epithelial cells of the cervix and esophagus. When a panel of tissues from a 14-wk-old fetus was examined, alpha Leu-13 was not found to react with endothelial cells of any specimen. However, it did stain medullary thymocytes and placental trophoblasts of this fetus. The implications of these findings to the possible function of the Leu-13 antigen in immune ontogeny are discussed.
Molecular identification of LOX-1 and analysis of its pathophysiological role. (2002)

動脈硬化の重要なリスクファクターである高LDLコレステロール血症において，酸化LDLがその生物活性を担っているといわれている．マクロファージは酸化LDLを血管壁で貪食し，特徴的な泡沫細胞へと変化する．その一方で血管内皮細胞にも酸化LDLは働いて，endothelial dysfunctionとよばれる機能的な変化を誘導する．このとき酸化LDLの働きを内皮細胞上で媒介する受容体のクローニングに筆者は成功し，LOX-1と名付けた．実際にin vitroの解析ではLOX-1を介して酸化LDLによりendothelial dysfunctionの特徴である，NOの放出の減少や接着分子の誘導が起きる．またその発現様式は非常に誘導がかかりやすく，炎症性サイトカインなどにより発現が亢進するとともに，高血圧，高脂血症，糖尿病などの動脈硬化の危険因子によっても発現が亢進し，これらの病態下での動脈硬化の進行にLOX-1が関与している可能性が考えられる．さらにLOX-1は酸化LDLのほかに酸性リン脂質を介してアポトーシス細胞や活性化血小板を結合し，血栓形成に何らかの形で関わっている可能性もある．一方LOX-1を利用して，生体内の酸化LDLのリガンドを検出する系を樹立し，高脂血症などの条件下でのLOX-1リガンド活性の上昇を検出しており，このような状況下ではLOX-1を介した作用が，受容体レベルの上昇だけでなく，リガンドレベルの上昇という形でも高まっていることがわかってきた．この系によるLOX-1リガンドの測定により血管内皮細胞の機能を予測し，虚血性心疾患の危険度を推定できる可能性がある．今後LOX-1の個体レベルでの機能解析を通じてendothelial dysfunctionと疾患との関連が明らかになってくることが期待される．
Circularly polarized ultra-wideband array and transmission (2008)

In this paper, we have presented the transmitter, antenna array, transmission and evaluation of the circularly polarized ultra-wideband signal at boresight direction. From measurements, it has been shown that, in the frequency band of 2.6-5.5 GHz, the transmitted signal has axial ratio of < 1 dB, polarization tilt between plusmn30deg, and left-hand polarization sense.
GrowSpace: Learning How to Shape Plants (2021)

Plants are dynamic systems that are integral to our existence and survival. Plants face environment changes and adapt over time to their surrounding conditions. We argue that plant responses to an environmental stimulus are a good example of a real-world problem that can be approached within a reinforcement learning (RL)framework. With the objective of controlling a plant by moving the light source, we propose GrowSpace, as a new RL benchmark. The back-end of the simulator is implemented using the Space Colonisation Algorithm, a plant growing model based on competition for space. Compared to video game RL environments, this simulator addresses a real-world problem and serves as a test bed to visualize plant growth and movement in a faster way than physical experiments. GrowSpace is composed of a suite of challenges that tackle several problems such as control, multi-stage learning,fairness and multi-objective learning. We provide agent baselines alongside case studies to demonstrate the difficulty of the proposed benchmark.
Independent Evaluation of Medical-Grade Bioresorbable Filaments for Fused Deposition Modelling/Fused Filament Fabrication of Tissue Engineered Constructs (2018)

Three-dimensional printing/additive manufacturing (3DP/AM) for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TE/RM) applications is a multifaceted research area encompassing biology, material science, engineering, and the clinical sciences. Although being quite mature as a research area, only a handful of clinical cases have been reported and even fewer commercial products have made it to the market. The regulatory pathway and costs associated with the introduction of bioresorbable materials for TE/RM have proven difficult to overcome, but greater access to 3DP/AM has spurred interest in the processing and availability of existing and new bioresorbable materials. For this purpose, herein, we introduce a series of medical-grade filaments for fused deposition modelling/fused filament fabrication (FDM/FFF) based on established and Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved polymers. Manufacturability, mechanical characterization, and accelerated degradation studies have been conducted to evaluate the suitability of each material for TE/RM applications. The comparative data serves to introduce these materials, as well as a benchmark to evaluate their potential in hard and soft tissue engineering from a physicochemical perspective.
Amsterdam to Dublin Eventually Delayed? LSTM and Transfer Learning for Predicting Delays of Low Cost Airlines (2019)

Flight delays impact airlines, airports and passengers. Delay prediction is crucial during the decision-making process for all players in commercial aviation, and in particular for airlines to meet their on-time performance objectives. Although many machine learning approaches have been experimented with, they fail in (i) predicting delays in minutes with low errors (less than 15 minutes), (ii) being applied to small carriers i.e., low cost companies characterized by a small amount of data. This work presents a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) approach to predicting flight delay, modeled as a sequence of flights across multiple airports for a particular aircraft throughout the day. We then suggest a transfer learning approach between heterogeneous feature spaces to train a prediction model for a given smaller airline using the data from another larger airline. Our approach is demonstrated to be robust and accurate for low cost airlines in Europe.
Molecular epidemiology with subtype analysis of<i>Cryptosporidium</i>in calves in Belgium (2007)

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves younger than 10 weeks was estimated in a cross-sectional epidemiological study on 100 dairy (n=499) and 50 beef (n=333) farms in East Flanders (Belgium), using a previously evaluated immunofluorescence assay (Merifluor). The calf prevalence was 37% (95% Probability Interval (PI): 7-70%) in dairy calves and 12% (95% PI: 1-30%) in beef calves. To elucidate the genetic diversity, the Cryptosporidium 18S ribosomal DNA and the 70 kDa heat shock protein gene were targeted. In the majority of the samples C. parvum was present, although C. bovis was also identified, all but one in calves older than 1 month. The porcine-specific C. suis was identified in 1 beef calf. Subtyping of C. parvum positive isolates by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene indicated the presence of 4 allele IIa subtypes, along with 1 subtype IIdA22G1. The subtype IIaA15G2R1 was most prevalent, next to subtype IIaA13G2R1 and IIaA16G2R1, and a new subtype IIaA14G2R1. The results of the present study indicate a high prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections in calves in Belgium and confirm that these calves should be considered as a potential zoonotic reservoir for human infections.
Relation of Ultrasonic Backscatter and Acoustic Propagation Properties to Myofibrillar Length and Myocardial Thickness (1995)

Ultrasonic backscatter and propagation properties are directly related to sarcomere length and myocardial thickness and may be responsible for cardiac cycle-dependent variation in backscatter.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Amino Allenes via an Organocyanocuprate‐Mediated Ring‐Opening Reaction of Enantiopure Ethynylaziridines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Structure of a Dichromatetraborane Derivative [{(OC)<sub>4</sub>Cr}<sub>2</sub>(η<sup>4</sup>-<i>H</i>,<i>H</i>‘,<i>H</i>‘‘,<i>H</i>‘‘‘-BH<sub>2</sub>BH<sub>2</sub>·PMe<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>PMe<sub>2</sub>)] (1998)

Photolysis of [Cr(CO)6] in the presence of BH3·PMe2CH2PMe2·BH3 (2) afforded a dichromatetraborane derivative [{(OC)4Cr}2(η4-H,H‘,H‘‘,H‘‘‘-BH2BH2·PMe2CH2PMe2)] (3) via an intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling of BH3 units on the metal. The complex 3 can be depicted as a dichromatetraborane derivative, with the wing-tip BH2+ groups in tetraborane(10) replaced by Cr(CO)4 fragments, which are isolobal with BH2+, and the terminal hydrides attaching to the basal boron atoms replaced by isoelectronic phosphine ligands.
Body composition and bone mineral density in premenopausal and early perimenopausal women (1995)

Body composition appears to be an important determinant of bone mineral density (BMD). BMD at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and whole-body and the whole-body soft-tissue composition were measured cross-sectionally in 334 healthy premenopausal and early perimenopausal women, aged 44-50 years, using a Hologic QDR densitometer. Correlations between lean mass and BMD at the hip, spine, and whole-body were greater (r = 0.40, r = 0.44, and r = 0.45, respectively, p < 0.0001) than those for fat mass (r = 0.19, r = 0.16, and r = 0.16, respectively, p < 0.01). There was a significant linear trend in femoral BMD from the lowest to highest category of lean mass (0.75 +/- 0.10 g/cm2, 0.80 +/- 0.10 g/cm2, and 0.86 +/- 0.09 g/cm2, p < 0.0001). Similar trends were demonstrated for spinal and whole-body density. For categories of fat mass, there was a significant linear trend at the hip (0.78 +/- 0.10 g/cm2, 0.79 +/- 0.10 g/cm2, and 0.83 +/- 0.10 g/cm2, p = 0.0106), but not at the spine or whole body. There was a 5.00% (3.62, 6.38; 95% confidence limits) difference in hip BMD per unit (standard deviation) of lean mass, while only a 0.73% (-0.66, 2.11) difference in hiP BMD per unit (SD) of fat mass. Differences in BMD were examined by categories of lean and fat mass (low, medium, high) for a total of nine possible combinations of lean and fat measures. BMD at the hip, spine, and whole-body were significantly higher in those with high lean mass than in those with low lean mass, irrespective of fat mass. Women with high lean/low fat had similar hip, spinal, and whole-body BMD as those with high lean/high fat, despite their significantly lower body weight (62.5 +/- 3.3 kg vs 85.7 +/- 5.4 kg, respectively, p < 0.0001). In premenopausal and early perimenopausal women, body weight alone may not be associated with increased bone mass unless a significant proportion of that weight is comprised of lean mass. The stronger association between lean mass and BMD than that for fat mass may be attributed to differences in determinants of lean mass, such as exercise, lifestyle factors, estrogen levels, or a combination of these factors.
Frequency limit of double-barrier resonant-tunneling oscillators (1985)

The speed of operation of negative differential resistance (NDR) devices based on resonant tunneling in a double-barrier quantum-well structure is considered. It is shown that the intrinsic RC delay of a single barrier limits the frequency of active oscillations to fmax =1/(2πτ), where τ=εα−1(λ/c)exp(4πd/λ) with λ being the de Broglie wavelength of the tunneling electron, d the barrier thickness, ε the dielectric permittivity, c the speed of light, and α≊1/137 the fine-structure constant. The relevance of this estimate to recent experimental results is discussed. An alternative mechanism for the NDR is proposed—not involving resonant tunneling. It should be observable in various single-barrier structures in which tunneling occurs into a two-dimensional system of states. In a double-barrier structure, specially designed experiments are required to distinguish this effect from resonant tunneling.
EEG-Based Multi-Modal Emotion Recognition using Bag of Deep Features: An Optimal Feature Selection Approach (2019)

Much attention has been paid to the recognition of human emotions with the help of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals based on machine learning technology. Recognizing emotions is a challenging task due to the non-linear property of the EEG signal. This paper presents an advanced signal processing method using the deep neural network (DNN) for emotion recognition based on EEG signals. The spectral and temporal components of the raw EEG signal are first retained in the 2D Spectrogram before the extraction of features. The pre-trained AlexNet model is used to extract the raw features from the 2D Spectrogram for each channel. To reduce the feature dimensionality, spatial, and temporal based, bag of deep features (BoDF) model is proposed. A series of vocabularies consisting of 10 cluster centers of each class is calculated using the k-means cluster algorithm. Lastly, the emotion of each subject is represented using the histogram of the vocabulary set collected from the raw-feature of a single channel. Features extracted from the proposed BoDF model have considerably smaller dimensions. The proposed model achieves better classification accuracy compared to the recently reported work when validated on SJTU SEED and DEAP data sets. For optimal classification performance, we use a support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) to classify the extracted features for the different emotional states of the two data sets. The BoDF model achieves 93.8% accuracy in the SEED data set and 77.4% accuracy in the DEAP data set, which is more accurate compared to other state-of-the-art methods of human emotion recognition.
Comprehensive Characterization and Permeation Analysis of Thin Pd/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Composite Membranes Prepared by Suction‐Assisted Electroless Deposition (2004)

Abstract In this work, suction‐assisted electroless deposition technique is proposed to prepare high hydrogen permselective Pd/Al2O3 composite membranes. Effects of suction pressure and plating time on the surface morphology and denseness of the resulting composite membranes have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microscope analysis (EPMA), x‐ray diffractometry (XRD), and nitrogen permeability technique were used to characterize these membranes. Furthermore, the hydrogen permeability and selectivity of the composite membranes were also studied. The experimental result shows that the nitrogen permeability of the palladium (Pd) top layer is decreased with lowering the suction pressure. Under suction pressure of 3 kPa and plating time of 1 hr, a membrane with a perfectly dense 4.5 µm thick Pd layer can be obtained, whose H2/N2 selectivity is approaching infinite. As compared to the conventional electroless deposition, via suction assistance, the adhesion between the Pd top layer and Al2O3 support of the resulting membranes can be remarkably improved, and the thickness attained for complete denseness can also be reduced effectively. Based on the hydrogen permeation results, it is found that the rate‐limiting step for the hydrogen permeation through the Pd top layer is controlled by the surface reaction. Furthermore, the activation energy is estimated as 18 kJ/mol. This value is in a good agreement with those reported in literature for Pd layers thinner than 10 µm. Keywords: Pd/Al2O3 composite membraneElectroless depositionSuctionHydrogen permeation
Sentiment in New York City: A High Resolution Spatial and Temporal View (2013)

Measuring public sentiment is a key task for researchers and policymakers alike. The explosion of available social media data allows for a more time-sensitive and geographically specific analysis than ever before. In this paper we analyze data from the micro-blogging site Twitter and generate a sentiment map of New York City. We develop a classifier specifically tuned for 140-character Twitter messages, or tweets, using key words, phrases and emoticons to determine the mood of each tweet. This method, combined with geotagging provided by users, enables us to gauge public sentiment on extremely fine-grained spatial and temporal scales. We find that public mood is generally highest in public parks and lowest at transportation hubs, and locate other areas of strong sentiment such as cemeteries, medical centers, a jail, and a sewage facility. Sentiment progressively improves with proximity to Times Square. Periodic patterns of sentiment fluctuate on both a daily and a weekly scale: more positive tweets are posted on weekends than on weekdays, with a daily peak in sentiment around midnight and a nadir between 9:00 a.m. and noon.
Arthrodesis Techniques for Avascular Necrosis of the Talus (2002)

Avascular necrosis of the talus, especially with associated degenerative arthritis, is a challenging surgical problem. The impaired healing potential of the bone and the associated collapse and deformity of the ankle and hindfoot are obstacles to achieving a satisfactory surgical result. Several surgical techniques for ankle and hindfoot arthrodesis may be considered in the presence of avascular necrosis of the talus. These include tibiotalar arthrodesis with screw fixation, tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis, and tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis. The latter two techniques can be used with a variety of fixation methods, most notably with retrograde intramedullary nailing. Each technique requires both clinical and radiographic evaluation for preoperative decision-making. The indications for each as well as potential complications are discussed. A case presentation of each surgery is presented and the authors' current postoperative protocol is described.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Precision Chemoradiotherapy for HER2 Tumors Using Antibody Conjugates of an Auristatin Derivative with Reduced Cell Permeability (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MMAF anti-HER2 antibody conjugates spatial localization in HER2 negative tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Isolation and characterisation of plasmids from a wild-type strain of the extremely thermophilic eubacterium<i>Thermus aquaticus</i> (1988)

We examined the extremely thermophilic Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus aquaticus for the presence of plasmid DNA, and detected 5 species. The sizes were determined by electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis. The plasmids, pTA 1-pTA 5, were of respective length: 13.5, 12.4, 11.2, 9.6 and 8.3 kb. Clones were isolated which differed in plasmid distribution. No correlation could be observed between the phenotype or growth behaviour and the presence of plasmids. The function of the plasmid structures still needs to be elucidated.
Exploring temporal aspects in user-tag co-clustering (2010)

Tagging environments have become an interesting topic of research lately, focused mainly on clustering approaches, in order to extract emergent patterns that are derived from tag similarity and involve tag relations or user interconnections. Apart from tag similarity, an interesting parameter to be analyzed during the clustering/mining process in such data is the actual time that each tagging activity occurred. Indeed, holding a temporal dimension unfolds macroscopic and microscopic views of tagging, highlights links between objects for specific time periods and, in general, lets us observe how the users' tagging activity changes over time. In this article, we propose a time-aware user/tag clustering approach, which groups together similar users and tags that are very “active” during the same time periods. Emphasis is given on using varying time scales, so that we distinguish between clusters that are robust at many time scales and clusters that are somehow occasional, i.e. they emerge, only at a specific time period.