gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical detection of early-stage carcinogenesis of oral leukoplakia by increased DNA-instability and various malignancy markers (2009)

The degree of DNA instability as determined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-single-stranded DNA antibody after acid hydrolysis (the DNA instability test) was used as a marker of malignancy. The test was applied to tissues of oral leukoplakia assessed histopathologically as hyperplasia (38 cases), mild (12 cases), moderate (11 cases) and severe (8 cases) dysplasia, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 20 cases). Tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53, DNA-fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45), analysis of various AgNORs parameters, and triple immunostaining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34, and PCNA. The DNA instability test was positive in 20 (100%) SCC cases, 8 (100%) severe dysplasia cases, 8 (72.7%) moderate dysplasia cases, 6 (50.0%) mild dysplasia cases, and 9 (23.7%) hyperplasia cases, indicating malignancy. The proportion of lesions positive for PCNA, p53, DFF45, and values of AgNORs parameters steadily increased from hyperplasia to mild, moderate and severe dysplasia, and SCC, especially in those showing positive DNA instability test, indicative of malignancy. Based on these results, 44.9% of leukoplakia were malignant tissues, namely carcinoma in situ. The proportion of PCNA-positive vascular endothelial cells in the vicinity of VEGF-positive epithelial lesion was significantly higher than that of negative DNA instability lesions, as revealed by immunohistochemical triple staining for VEGF, CD34, and PCNA. Our results suggest that increased DNA instability, enhanced proliferative activity, p53 mutation, and induction of DFF45 and VEGF may allow cancer cell proliferation, enhance their survival by escaping apoptosis, and provide abundant nutrients during early-stage carcinogenesis of oral leukoplakia.
ChemInform Abstract: An NMR Method for Determination of Configuration of β‐Substituted Carboxylic Acids. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Role of Tradition in Japan's Industrialization: Another Path to Industrialization (2006)

Abstract This chapter provides an introduction to the book and relates the succeeding chapters to theoretical and comparative issues in the English-language literature. It presents an overview of author’s research on the rural weaving industry. After showing comparative quantitative data on the weight of small businesses, the chapter shows the development of the rural weaving industry up to the 1920s, discussing the functions of the putting-out system combined with peasant household strategy. The role of economic and social institutions together with the economy of the industrial district is also discussed, based on this case study addressing the recent scholarship of Japanese economic history. This particular pattern of development is conceptualized as ‘indigenous development’, and its implications are considered within the context of comparative economic development.
The influence of mildronate on peripheral neuropathy and some characteristics of glucose and lipid metabolism in rats with the streptozotocin model of diabetes mellitus (2012)

Rats with the streptozotocin (STZ) model of diabetes mellitus were treated with mildronate (100 mg/kg daily, per os or intraperitoneally) for 6 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, triglycerides, ketone body concentrations, percent of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), glucose tolerance, and the development of neuropathic pain were monitored throughout the whole experiment. The mildronate treatment completely prevented the development of the diabetic neuropathy from the first week up to the end of experiment. In the group of diabetic animals treated with mildronate a significant decrease of blood glucose was observed on the fourth week of the treatment, the level of triglycerides decreased from the third to sixth weeks. Mildronate also decreased accumulation of glycated hemoglobin on the sixth week and improved glucose tolerance compared with untreated animals. The data obtained confirm applicability of mildronate for therapy of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Fluorinated Dioxoles and Dioxolanes. Part 1. Thermal Rearrangement of Fluorinated Dioxoles. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface Chemistry Study of the Interactions of Sesame Oil with Meibomian Films (2022)

A possible approach for the treatment of meibomian gland disease (MGD) can be the supplementation of meibomian gland secretion (MGS) with nonpolar lipids (NPL) rich plant oils. Sesame oil (SO), approximately equal in monounsaturated fat (oleic acid, 40% of total) and polyunsaturated fat (linoleic acid, 42% of total), has shown multiple health benefits due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Thus, the interactions between SO and MGS in surface layers deserve further study. Therefore, pseudobinary films were formed with controlled MGS/SO molar ratios (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, and 100% SO) at the air/water surface of the Langmuir trough over phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) subphase. Surface pressure (π)-area (A) isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy observations showed nonideal interactions where SO aggregates with MGS and complements the NPL stratum of the meibomian layers. The analysis of stress relaxation transients with Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts equation revealed that the supplementation of fixed amount of MGS with excess lipids via SO altered the dilatational elasticity of the films as reflected by the increase of the exponent β. Thus, SO with its unique combination of high oxidative stability and abundance of long polyunsaturated acyl chains might be a useful supplement to MGS layers.
Sequence and analysis of a 26.9 kb fragment from chromosome XV of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1996)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cloned into cosmid pEOA048. The analysis of the 26,857 bp sequence reveals the presence of 19 open reading frames (ORFs), and of one RNA-coding gene (SNR17A). Six ORFs correspond to previously known genes (MKK1/SSP32, YGE1/GRPE/MGE1, KIN4/KIN31/KIN3, RPL37B, DFR1 and HES1, respectively), all others were discovered in this work. Only five of the new ORFs have significant homologs in public databases, the remaining eight correspond to orphans (two of them are questionable). O5248 is a probable folypolyglutamate synthetase, having two structural homologs already sequenced in the yeast genome. O5273 shows homology with a yeast protein required for vanadate resistance. O5268 shows homology with putative oxidoreductases of different organisms. O5257 shows homology with the SAS2 protein and another hypothetical protein from yeast. The last one, O5245, shows homology with a putative protein of Caenorhabditis elegans of unknown function. The present sequence corresponds to coordinates 772,331 to 799,187 of the entire chromosome XV sequence which can be retrieved by anonymous ftp (ftp. mips. embnet. org).
Miniaturized multi-sensor for aquatic studies (2011)

We have developed and fabricated a multi-sensor chip for fisheries’ research and demonstrated the functionality under controlled conditions. The outer dimensions of the sensor chip are 3.0 × 7.4 × 0.8 mm3 and both sides of the chip are utilized for sensors. Hereby a more compact chip is achieved that allows for direct exposure to the seawater and thereby more accurate measurements. The chip contains a piezo-resistive pressure sensor, a pn-junction photodiode sensitive to visible light, a four-terminal platinum resistor for temperature measurement and four conductivity electrodes for the determination of the salinity of saltwater. Pressure, light intensity, temperature and salinity are all essential parameters when mapping the migration route of fish. The pressure sensor has a sensitivity of S = 1.44 × 10−7 Pa−1 and is optimized to 20 bar pressure; the light sensor has a quantum efficiency between 52% and 74% in the range of visible light. The temperature sensor responds linearly with temperature and has a temperature coefficient of resistance of 2.9 × 10−3 K−1. The conductivity sensor can measure the salinity with an accuracy of ±0.1 psu. This is all together the smallest and best functioning fully integrated MEMS-based multi-sensor made to date for this specific application. However, each single-sensor performance can be optimized by introducing a considerably more complicated process sequence. In this paper, a new simpler process for integrating the four sensors on one single chip is presented in details for the first time. Further, an optimized performance of the individual sensors is presented.
Whitening and Coloring transform for GANs. (2018)

Batch Normalization (BN) is a common technique used both in discriminative and generative networks in order to speed-up training. On the other hand, the learnable parameters of BN are commonly used in conditional Generative Adversarial Networks for representing class-specific information using conditional Batch Normalization (cBN). In this paper we propose to generalize both BN and cBN using a Whitening and Coloring based batch normalization. We apply our method to conditional and unconditional image generation tasks and we show that replacing the BN feature standardization and scaling with our feature whitening and coloring improves the final qualitative results and the training speed. We test our approach on different datasets and we show a consistent improvement orthogonal to different GAN frameworks. Our CIFAR-10 supervised results are higher than all previous works on this dataset.
Finite-difference beam propagation method based on the generalized Douglas scheme for a nonuniform grid (1997)

The finite-difference beam propagation method based on the Douglas scheme is extended to a nonuniform grid. The truncation error is reduced to O(/spl Delta/x)/sup 4/, provided the grid growth factor is r=1+O(/spl Delta/x), while maintaining a tridiagonal matrix. The numerical results show that the accuracy is improved as compared with that obtained from the conventional nonuniform Crank-Nicholson scheme.
Nelegálne zamestnávanie na Slovensku (2021)

The employer is obliged to proceed with accordance with a large number of legal norms. The act of law no. 82/2005 Collection of laws on Illegal employment is one of them. The article presented deals with the topic of illegal employment. The goal of the article is to analyse the actual situation concerning the illegal employment considering the individual regions of Slovakia based on data provided by National Labour Inspectorate, Central Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family and Offices of Labour, Social Affairs and Family. Based on information acquired, it is possible to state, that the most violations of the prohibition of illegal employment were discovered by inspections in the Nitra, Bratislava and Košice Regions. The least number of violations of the prohibition of illegal employment discovered by the competent authorities were in the Trenčín Region. It should be in the interest of the state that the people work based on legal contracts as it is the base of financial and budgetary stability of the state in the field of taxes and levies. Because of that reason, it would be suitable to intensify the inspections in the field concerned. The improvement of the economic environment and decreasing of the tax-levy burden of employers could also help to reduce the attractivity of illegal employment to the employers.
Molecular and Bioassay-Based Investigation of Bivalves as Transmission Vectors ofProtozoal Encephalitis in Southern Sea Otters (2003)

An epidemiological study was conducted to determine whether Toxoplasma gondii protozoal brain infection and seropositivity in southern sea otters are associated with specific risk factors, including age, sex, geographic distribution and month of sampling.
Microdomain-Specific Modulation of L-Type Calcium Channels Leads to Triggered Ventricular Arrhythmia in Heart Failure (2016)

Microdomain-targeted remodeling of LTCC properties is an important event in pathways that may contribute to ventricular arrhythmogenesis in the settings of HF-associated remodeling. This extends beyond the classical concept of electric remodeling in HF and adds a new dimension to cardiovascular disease.
State of the Art and Future Needs in Cytogenetic/Molecular Genetics/Arrays in childhood lymphoma: Summary report of workshop at the First International Symposium on childhood and adolescent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, April 9, 2003, New York City, NY (2005)

Additional cytogenetic, molecular and microarray investigations of NHL in children are vital to better understand these diseases, their etiology, and differences from adult NHL. A greater understanding of pediatric NHL will lead to disease-specific and patient-individualized therapies of these diseases.
Experimental Hemorrhage and Blunt Trauma Do Not Increase Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor (1991)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent cytokine mediator of the shock states associated with sepsis and burn injury. This experimental study was done to determine whether circulating TNF plays a major role in the vasomotor collapse seen following experimental hemorrhage and blunt injury. Twenty anesthetized pigs were divided into two groups. Ten animals were bled 60% of their calculated blood volume in 15 minutes. Animals in Group IA (n = 5) had no treatment, and Group IB animals (n = 5) were given twice the shed volume as crystalloid 30 minutes after hemorrhage. The other animals, groups IIa and IIb (n = 5 each), were first subjected to a blunt injury to the thigh sufficient to cause a midshaft femur fracture, then bled and similarly treated. In both groups, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and serum TNF activity by L929 bioassay were measured at 15-minute intervals for 120 minutes after hemorrhage or hemorrhage and blunt injury. An additional three animals were infused with 4 × 108/kg heat-killedE. colito validate the TNF assay. All bled animals sustained a fall in MAP and CO to a mean of 33% of baseline values, with or without fracture. Group IB and IIB animals responded to fluid resuscitation by restoration of MAP and CO to 85%-97% of the baseline values. Tumor necrosis factor was not detectable before injury and remained undetectable in all these animals during the 120 minutes of the experiment despite hemorrhage alone or combined hemorrhage and blunt trauma, with or without fluid resuscitation. The test animals receiving theE. coliresponded with markedly elevated TNF levels, which peaked at 90 minutes after injection. We conclude that hemorrhage alone causes no detectable elevation in serum TNF levels, and the combination of blunt injury and hemorrhage is also without effect on circulating TNF levels during the experimental period. Tumor necrosis factor presumably plays no role in the pathogenesis of shock in this model. This negative finding should help direct future studies and potential pharmacologic manipulation of traumatic shock.
Introduction (1993)

It is now recognized that, in addition to being able to change its tone acutely, the blood vessel is capable of altering its structure chronically in response to specific conditions. This is mediated by vascular remodeling, an active process that results in a change in the geometry of the blood vessel. It is usually an adaptive process in response to chronic changes in hemodynamic conditions and/or humoral factors. Subsequently, however, vascular remodeling may contribute to the pathophysiology of vascular diseases and circulatory disorders. The purposes of this overview article and of the manuscripts in this journal supplement are to review the pathobiology and consequences of vascular remodeling and to provide a framework for future research in this emerging and important field of cardiovascular investigation.
Kinetic analysis of peptide loading onto HLA-DR molecules mediated by HLA-DM. (1996)

The nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class II molecule HLA-DM (DM) has recently been shown to play a central role in the class II-associated antigen presentation pathway: DM releases invariant chain-derived CLIP peptides (class II-associated invariant chain protein peptide) from HLA-DR (DR) molecules and thereby facilitates loading with antigenic peptides. Some observations have led to the suggestion that DM acts in a catalytic manner, but so far direct proof is missing. Here, we investigated in vitro the kinetics of exchange of endogenously bound CLIP for various peptides on DR1 and DR2a molecules: we found that in the presence of DM the peptide loading process follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with turnover numbers of 3-12 DR molecules per minute per DM molecule, and with KM values of 500-1000 nM. In addition, surface plasmon resonance measurements showed that DM interacts efficiently with DR-CLIP complexes but only weakly with DR-peptide complexes isolated from DM-positive cells. Taken together, our data provide evidence that DM functions as an enzyme-like catalyst of peptide exchange and favors the generation of long-lived DR-peptide complexes that are no longer substrates for DM.
Transparent and tandem solar cells using solution-processed metal nanowire transparent electrodes (2009)

Tandem architectures in which multiple energy gaps are combined in a series-connected stack of solar cells are seen as a promising approach to increasing the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells to commercially relevant values. Even higher efficiencies can be obtained if the photocurrent-matching requirement of such tandem cells is removed by the use of intermediate electrodes in multi-terminal multijunction cells. We demonstrate semi-transparent organic solar cells and multi-terminal multijunction organic photovoltaic cells using a laminated metal nanowire mesh as a low-cost, high-performance intermediate electrode that can be deposited using a lamination process without damaging the fragile organic layers. Photocurrent matching is not required in the multi-terminal architecture. With adequate material combinations, this cell architecture can be used to build organic solar cells with efficiencies >10%.
On the complexity of terminal stuck-at fault detection tests for monotone Boolean functions (2002)

Upper and lower bounds are obtained on the minimum length of tests detecting single and multiple stuck-at-0 and stuck-at-1 faults at input/output terminals of combinational logic networks realizing monotone Boolean functions of n variables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of drying conditions on patterned ceramic films processed by soft micromolding (2010)

A soft lithography technique was used to create patterned green ceramic films including micrometric voids of well-defined geometry. A PDMS mold was filled by high solid content aqueous suspension (40–52% vol.) and the process quality as well as the film green density were evaluated through SEM and non-contact profilometry. Drying is a critical step, as limited shrinkage was observed due to wetting of the elastomer by water. The drying conditions were optimized in order to increase the homogeneity and green packing of the structured films. Controlled geometry features of high aspect ratio were produced down to the micrometer scale. There are many technological uses of patterned films. In this study, we have used this approach to introduce controlled flaws and investigate constrained sintering and crack growth.
Strain splitting of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math>yellow orthoexciton of epitaxial orthorhombic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:math>films on MgO [110] (2002)

We investigated the optical properties of epitaxial orthorhomic cuprous oxide films grown on MgO [110]. Absorption measurements show clear excitonic peaks up to $n=5p.$ Photoluminescence at 2 K shows several sharp emission peaks in the vicinity of 610 nm associated with a splitting of various $1s$ orthoexciton energy levels. The evolution of the peaks with temperature indicates that three peaks at higher energy are due to direct recombination of $1s$ yellow orthoexcitons and three corresponding peaks at lower energy are their phonon replicas. The symmetry of each level is identified by the polarization properties of their photoluminescence emissions. The observed splitting of the energy levels is used to calculate the coherency strain based on an earlier-parametrized theory for the level splitting by Waters et al. based on the known symmetry of the electronic states. This predicted strain is compared with that determined by x-ray diffraction measurements of the measured lattice parameters.
Physiology of pleural space after pulmonary resection (2018)

The pleura is a serous membrane which includes the lungs and the adjoining structures. In the treatment of several lung diseases, a radical or partial lung resection may occur. Though thoracic surgery can solve or improve the symptoms, it alters the lung and the pleural physiological mechanisms, the fluid setting and the water balance. Post-operative residual pleural space depends on both the pre-surgery pulmonary compliance and the pleural lymphatic vessels absorption pressure. The disease that required surgery may play a significant role in the formation of the residual space. In a fibrotic lung, after pulmonary resection, pleural pressure becomes more sub-atmospheric overcoming the lymphatic draining activity; this leads to an enhanced hydrothorax risk. In addition, fibrosis may narrow parenchymal re-expansion due to fibrotic scars and residual granulomas. On the contrary, the emphysematous lung reduces the elastic recoil and increases pleural pressure implying a higher risk of air leak. Patients undergoing surgery to treat lung cancers present a residual air space less often than the afore mentioned diseases. Finally, the type of resection can influence the mechanism of persistent air spaces. The air leak tends to be more important and persistent after operations more complex and invasive. Thus, the resulting volume is the consequence of the new equilibrium between filtration and absorption of the pleural fluid and of the new mechanical coupling between the lung and the chest wall. Complications that may occur after surgery procedures are: persistent air leak (PAL), hydrothorax and lung oedema. An intensive early post-operative assessment may be useful to diagnose possible post-surgery initial complications. It may be also of crucial importance to know the elastic properties of the lung parenchyma, in order to set an appropriate pleural pressure which may prevent over distention and post-surgery complications.