gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical pattern recognition with nonlinearly transformed matched filters (1992)

Nonlinearly transformed matched filters including the k<sup>th</sup> law nonlinear filters for optical correlation are reviewed. The interesting property of the k<sup>th</sup> law nonlinear filters is that the nonlinear transformation modifies the amplitude of the conventional matched filter by a power of k. Various types of filters may be produced by varying the severity of the nonlinearity. Correlation results for the images tested indicate that nonlinear matched filters produce good correlation performance in the terms of correlation peak intensity, signal-to-noise ratio, and peak-to-sidelobe ratio. The sensitivity of the k<sup>th</sup> law nonlinearly transformed filter to rotational changes of the input signal is investigated. The rotational sensitivity of the k<sup>th</sup> law nonlinearly transformed filter increases for higher degrees of nonlinearity. However, for a given input signal rotation, a highly k<sup>th</sup> law nonlinearly transformed filter could produce a better peak-to-sidelobe ratio and better SNR compared with a moderately k<sup>th</sup> law nonlinearly transformed filter and/or a conventional matched filter.
An effective capacitance based driver output model for on-chip RLC interconnects (2003)

This paper presents a new library compatible approach to gate-level timing characterization in the presence of RLC interconnect loads. We describe a two-ramp model based on transmission line theory that accurately predicts both the 50% delay and waveform shape (slew rate) at the driver output when inductive effects are significant. The approach does not rely on piecewise linear Thevenin voltage sources. It is compatible with existing library characterization methods and is computationally efficient. Results are compared with SPICE and demonstrate typical errors under 10% for both delay and slew rate.
Combining Bilingual and Comparable Corpora for Low Resource Machine Translation (2013)

Statistical machine translation (SMT) performance suffers when models are trained on only small amounts of parallel data. The learned models typically have both low accuracy (incorrect translations and feature scores) and low coverage (high out-of-vocabulary rates). In this work, we use an additional data resource, comparable corpora, to improve both. Beginning with a small bitext and corresponding phrase-based SMT model, we improve coverage by using bilingual lexicon induction techniques to learn new translations from comparable corpora. Then, we supplement the model’s feature space with translation scores estimated over comparable corpora in order to improve accuracy. We observe improvements between 0.5 and 1.7 BLEU translating Tamil, Telugu,
Adhesive bonded tubular cast steel - steel Joints in Framework structures (2015)

Today hollow and tubular sections are used as structural members in buildings and bridges as well as in crane and wind energy plant constructions. To develop design guidelines for welded hollow section nodes under static and fatigue loads numerous research projects have been carried out in the past decades. Since fatigue cracks usually initiate from the weld root, higher safety factors are required during the design process such as a classification in low FAT classes.
In the research project presented an adhesively bonded joint for steel tubes and cast steel components is developed and investigated. In a first step constraints as well as mechanical and thermal stresses in the field of steel constructions were analyzed and requirements for the bonded connections were derived. It was found that production and manufacturing tolerances are a central issue, as thick film bonding and precise manufacturing processes are required.
Surface analytics and adhesion tests showed sufficient bond strength to corundum blasted cast steel surfaces. On the basis of bulk and lap shear test, two adhesive fulfilling the previously defined requirements have been identified and characterized. For the manufacturing of the test specimens using the injection method, a semi-automated joining device has been developed and tested. This device combines the processes joining, fixing and injection of adhesive. Filling experiments showed a filling free of air bubbles in the gap of the joint.
To investigate the durability of the adhesive bonded joint quasi-static load tests were performed on the bonded tube samples under various external influences. Fatigue tests on bonded tube joints showed the load bearing capacity of the adhesively bonded joint for dynamic loading. Furthermore, the adhesives were tested with regard to their resistance to creep loading. The load carrying capacities of bonded tube specimens with variation of tube cross section, adhesives layer thickness, overlap length and with defined imperfections were determined in experimental investigations. To optimize the geometry of the adhesively bonded joint numerical studies were performed to demonstrate the significant reduction of stress peaks resulting from the enlargement of the thickness at the ends of the adhesive layer.
Finally, the knowledge gained in this research project was applied to manufacturing and testing of full scale components. The results of this full scale tests demonstrate, that based on results of this research project adhesively bonded joints between cast steel and steel tubes can be manufactured reliable and with reproducible load bearing capacity.
Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) Cultivar Tolerance to Chlorimuron and Imazaquin with Varying Hydroponic Solution pH (1992)

Twenty determinate soybean cultivars were grown in hydroponic solutions to determine differential tolerance to chlorimuron and imazaquin at pH 6, 7, or 8. ‘Epps' exhibited tolerance to chlorimuron at each pH, and to imazaquin except at pH 8. ‘9641 Pioneer’ was highly sensitive to both herbicides at each pH, and ‘Asgrow 5979’ was sensitive to chlorimuron, and to imazaquin except at pH 7. ‘Hutcheson’ was sensitive to chlorimuron at each pH, and imazaquin at pH 6. ‘Asgrow 6785’ was sensitive to chlorimuron at pH 6 and 8, with shoot weight reductions of 31 and 28%, respectively, and ‘Coker 686’ was similarly sensitive at pH 6 and 7. ‘Hartz 6200’ was tolerant to imazaquin at pH 6 and 7, ‘Hartz 6686’ was tolerant at pH 6 and 8, and Coker 686 was tolerant at pH 7 and 8. Coker 686 and 'Sharkey’ were tolerant to chlorimuron at some pH levels, though highly sensitive at other pH levels. ‘Asgrow 5403’ and Coker 686 also had varying tolerance and sensitivity to imazaquin across pH levels. Shoot length and shoot weight were the best indicators of differential cultivar sensitivity when compared with previous field studies.
Micro‐Raman scattering in Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> ceramics (2002)

Abstract Single‐phase (Nb 2 O 5 ) 1− x (TiO 2 ) x ceramics were prepared for x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.11 compositions using a solid‐state reaction technique. The effect of TiO 2 substitution on the vibrational and phase transition behavior of Nb 2 O 5 was studied using the micro‐Raman scattering technique and compared with similar results on Ta 2 O 5 . The external modes resulting from interaction among various polyhedra were observed and vibrational changes were studied in the temperature range −200 to 1100°C. An increase in structural disorder was reflected in the Raman spectra with increasing TiO 2 content in both Nb 2 O 5 and Ta 2 O 5 . Ta 2 O 5 shows a phase transition at about 300°C . However, a low‐temperature phase transition was observed about 50°C from (Nb 2 O 5 ) 1− x (TiO 2 ) x compositions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Control of ammonium ion level for efficient nanaomycin production. (1984)

The addition of a small amount of NH4+ to a complex medium increased nanaomycin production by Streptomyces rosa subsp. notoensis OS-3966. The best NH4+ donor for nanaomycin production was NH4+-saturated natural zeolite, with which the maximum titer of nanaomycin E was 760 micrograms/ml, about four fold higher than the control titer. In contrast, lowering NH4+ levels by adding NH4+-trapping agents such as untreated natural zeolite reduced antibiotic production.
Urological outcome following multiple repeat spinal cord untethering operations (2009)

In patients undergoing multiple repeat spinal cord untethering operations, measuring bladder function is more useful than sphincter electromyographty when selecting candidates for surgery and for measuring surgical outcomes.
Adaptive NK cells undergo a dynamic modulation in response to human cytomegalovirus and recruit T cells in in vitro migration assays (2022)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation remains a relevant complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) despite the great progress made in prophylaxis and treatment. Adaptive Natural Killer (NK) cells undergo a persistent reconfiguration in response to HCMV reactivation however, the exact role of adaptive NK cells in HCMV surveillance is currently unknown. We studied the relationship between HCMV reactivation and adaptive NK cells in 70 patients monitored weekly until day +100 after HSCT. Absolute cell counts of adaptive NK cells increased significantly after resolution of HCMV-reactivation compared to patients without reactivation. Patients with HCMV-reactivation had an early reconstitution of adaptive NK cells ("Responders") and had mainly a single reactivation (75% Responders vs 48% Non-Responders). Adaptive NK cells eliminated HCMV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) in vitro and recruited T cells in an in vitro transwell migration assay. An extensive cytokine/chemokine panel demonstrated strongly increased secretion of CXCL10/IP-10, IFN-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-7 and CCL4. Thus, adaptive NK cells may control viral spread and T cell expansion and survival during HCMV-reactivation. Taken together, we have demonstrated the potential of adaptive NK cells in the control of HCMV reactivation both by direct cytotoxicity and by recruitment of other immune cells.
A Novel Cell Traction Force Microscopy to Study Multi-Cellular System (2014)

Traction forces exerted by adherent cells on their microenvironment can mediate many critical cellular functions. Accurate quantification of these forces is essential for mechanistic understanding of mechanotransduction. However, most existing methods of quantifying cellular forces are limited to single cells in isolation, whereas most physiological processes are inherently multi-cellular in nature where cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions determine the emergent properties of cell clusters. In the present study, a robust finite-element-method-based cell traction force microscopy technique is developed to estimate the traction forces produced by multiple isolated cells as well as cell clusters on soft substrates. The method accounts for the finite thickness of the substrate. Hence, cell cluster size can be larger than substrate thickness. The method allows computing the traction field from the substrate displacements within the cells' and clusters' boundaries. The displacement data outside these boundaries are not necessary. The utility of the method is demonstrated by computing the traction generated by multiple monkey kidney fibroblasts (MKF) and human colon cancerous (HCT-8) cells in close proximity, as well as by large clusters. It is found that cells act as individual contractile groups within clusters for generating traction. There may be multiple of such groups in the cluster, or the entire cluster may behave a single group. Individual cells do not form dipoles, but serve as a conduit of force (transmission lines) over long distances in the cluster. The cell-cell force can be either tensile or compressive depending on the cell-microenvironment interactions.
Weighted image defogging method using statistical RGB channel feature extraction (2010)

In this paper, we present a weighted adaptive image defogging method by extracting features in the RGB color channels. We adaptively detect an atmospheric light through undesired fog in the dark channel prior obtained in the YCbCr color channels and generate a transmission map based on the detected atmospheric light. We adaptively remove the fog by applying the color correction algorithm based on the feature extraction in the RGB color channels. The proposed algorithm can overcome the problem of local color distortion, which is known to be the limitations of existing defogging techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can remove image degradation caused by fog, clouds, smoke, and dust in digital imaging devices.
Modality of RRT and Recovery of Kidney Function after AKI in Patients Surviving to Hospital Discharge (2015)

We found no significant difference in hazards for nonrecovery or reasons for nonrecovery (mortality or ESRD) with intermittent hemodialysis versus continuous RRT. These results suggest that, when initial RRT modality is chosen primarily on hemodynamics, renal recovery and clinical outcomes in survivors are similar between intermittent hemodialysis and continuous RRT.
As<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Doped Polyparaphenylene: Evidence for Polaron and Bipolaron Formation (1983)

Both elastic and inelastic electron scattering have been used to characterize and investigate the electronic properties of As${\mathrm{F}}_{5}$-doped polyparaphenylene. Evidence is presented for the existence of a polaron state slightly above the top of the valence band at low doping levels. An increase in the doping level first leads to the formation of bipolaron states which broaden and finally form a band in the gap in agreement with recent theoretical predictions.
Direct bonding for silicon photonics (2010)

In this paper, we discuss the requirements of direct bonding and show how it can provide photonic electronic integrated circuits including surface grating couplers, Ge photodiodes and energy-efficient hybrid Si/III-V lasers.
Targeted Gene Delivery to Cancer Cells: Directed Assembly of Nanometric DNA Particles Coated with Folic Acid (2003)

Virusähnliche DNA-Partikel konnten durch die monomolekulare DNA-Kondensation aus kationischen Detergentien auf Cystein-Basis hergestellt werden. Die templatunterstützte oxidative Dimerisierung des Detergens zum Geminilipid (im Schema gelb dargestellt) und die Umsetzung mit 2 (siehe Schema) führt zu monodispersen und stabilen Partikelpopulationen von 30 nm Größe.
Optimization of culture conditions for human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell expansion in macrocarrier‐based Tide Motion system (2021)

These results reveal the feasibility of BM-MSC expansion in the scalable macrocarrier-based Tide Motion system both under serum and serum-free conditions and represent an important step for the large-scale production system of BM-MSC based cellular therapies.
Slow transport rates of cytoskeletal proteins change during regeneration of axotomized retinal neurons in adult rats (1990)

To investigate cytoskeletal changes associated with axonal regrowth from damaged nerve cells in the mammalian CNS, we examined the slow transport of axonal proteins during the regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. Although normally such RGC axons do not regrow after injury in the CNS, they can extend several centimeters when their nonneuronal environment is changed by replacing the optic nerve (ON) with a grafted segment of peripheral nerve (PN). Proteins transported in axons of RGCs from intact control and PN-grafted animals were labeled by an intraocular injection of 35S-methionine and examined 4-60 days later by SDS PAGE. During RGC regeneration into PN grafts, the transport rate of tubulin and neurofilament increased twofold, whereas that of actin decreased to nearly one third of its normal rate. Thus, in these regenerating RGC axons, all three major cytoskeletal proteins were largely transported within a single rate component rather than in the two separate components (SCa and SCb) normally observed in the intact ON. Furthermore, the 200 kDa neurofilament protein (NF-H) was persistently detected in Western blots during periods of active regeneration, a finding that contrasts with the late appearance of the NF-H during the developmental growth of retinal axons. The changes in slow transport observed during RGC regeneration in adult rats may reflect growth-associated responses of mature CNS neurons during periods of active axonal extension.
Effect of Quercetin on Injury to Indomethacin-Treated Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells (2021)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat inflammation and pain and even to prevent the progression of cardiovascular disease. They have become widely used because of their effectiveness, especially among athletes performing high-intensity training. Indomethacin is used for pain management in sports medicine and is highly effective and versatile. However, several clinical studies have reported that indomethacin induces acute renal damage. In the present study, we determined that indomethacin reduced human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner by triggering apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrated the effect of quercetin on indomethacin-treated HEK293 cells by inactivating the caspase-3 and caspase-9 signals. Furthermore, quercetin reduced ROS production and increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in indomethacin-treated HEK293 cells. Our results indicate that quercetin can interrupt the activated caspase and mitochondrial pathway induced by indomethacin in HEK293 cells and affect apoptotic mRNA expression. Quercetin can protect against indomethacin-induced HEK293 cell apoptosis by regulating abnormal ΔΨm and apoptotic mRNA expression.
Controller design for two-wheeled self-balancing vehicles using feedback linearisation technique (2013)

Two-wheeled self-balancing vehicles have been extensively used because of their unique capabilities such as reducing the traffic problems and being environment friendly. The main challenge in these vehicles is to design robust controllers capable of creating smooth and safe movement. This paper focuses on design of such a controller using the feedback linearisation technique. The modelled system comprises of a single-link inverted pendulum, which simulates the rider’s body, mounted atop a two-wheeled platform. While the base is being externally disturbed, the designed controllers guarantee the stability of the system and keep the rider along its equilibrium situation. In order to validate the effectiveness of proposed control schemes, some sets of simulation studies are carried out on different smooth and non-smooth surfaces. It is finally shown that besides having stability on smooth surfaces, the system behaves stably on non-smooth trajectories.
A preadipose 3T3 cell variant highly sensitive to adipogenic factors and to human growth hormone (1995)

We describe a new Swiss 3T3 preadipose clone, 3T3-F442A/C4, which shows higher sensitivity to serum adipogenic factors and to human growth hormone as compared to other 3T3 preadipose clones. The 3T3-F442A/C4 clone exhibited several characteristics different from the parental 3T3-F442A cells, mainly a high extent of adipose conversion under culture conditions that are non-adipogenic for the parental cells. The 3T3-F442A/C4 cells are not committed to undergo adipose differentiation, since they do not differentiate into adipocytes under serum-free or low-serum culture conditions, unless adipogenic factors or growth hormone are added into the culture medium. The 3T3-F442A/C4 cells showed 1.5- to 3.6-fold higher sensitivity to serum adipogenic factors and 5- to 6-fold higher sensitivity to human growth hormone as compared to the 3T3-F442A cells. The 3T3-F442A/C4 variant clone also differed from the parental clone by having a shorter population doubling time, an increased saturation density, and lower activity levels in some biochemical markers of adipose differentiation. On the other hand, the new variant clone has a similar proportion of cells susceptible to become adipocytes, and a similar response to insulin as compared to the parental cells. Our results show that the 3T3-F442A/C4 cells represent a new 3T3 preadipose clone that could be useful as a bioassay to evaluate growth hormone activity, as well as to purify and characterize hormones, adipogenic factors, and those compounds that affect mammalian adipogenesis.
Engineered bacteria producing aryl‐hydrocarbon receptor agonists protect against ethanol‐induced liver disease in mice (2023)

Our findings indicate that tryptophan metabolites locally produced by engineered gut bacteria mitigate liver disease via Ahr-mediated activation in intestinal immune cells.
The Benefits of Crowdsourcing to Seed and Align an Algorithm in an mHealth Intervention for African American and Hispanic Adults: Survey Study (2022)

Researchers have options such as MTurk as a quick, low-cost means to avoid the cold start problem for algorithms and to sidestep bias and low relevance for an intended population of app users. Seeding a RecSys with responses from people like the intended users allows for the development of a digital health tool that can recommend information to users based on similar demography, health goals, and health history. This approach minimizes the potential, initial gaps in algorithm performance; allows for quicker algorithm refinement in use; and may deliver a better user experience to individuals seeking preventative health information to improve health and achieve health goals.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Tenovin-D3, a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Sirtuin SirT2, Increases p21 (&lt;i&gt;CDKN1A&lt;/i&gt;) Expression in a p53-Independent Manner (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 42K, MDAMB468 cells were treated with the indicated amounts of TSA for 6 hours.&lt;/p&gt;
Histopathologic characterization of hereditary benign prostatic hyperplasia (1996)

The larger prostates in young men with H-BPH are characterized by a higher stromal/epithelial ratio than are similar-sized prostates in older men with sporadic BPH. This finding gives rise to speculation that H-BPH is associated with an increase in stromal elements.
Astrocyte reactivity influences amyloid-β effects on tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (2023)

An unresolved question for the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is why a significant percentage of amyloid-β (Aβ)-positive cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals do not develop detectable downstream tau pathology and, consequently, clinical deterioration. In vitro evidence suggests that reactive astrocytes unleash Aβ effects in pathological tau phosphorylation. Here, in a biomarker study across three cohorts (n = 1,016), we tested whether astrocyte reactivity modulates the association of Aβ with tau phosphorylation in CU individuals. We found that Aβ was associated with increased plasma phosphorylated tau only in individuals positive for astrocyte reactivity (Ast<sup>+</sup>). Cross-sectional and longitudinal tau-positron emission tomography analyses revealed an AD-like pattern of tau tangle accumulation as a function of Aβ only in CU Ast<sup>+</sup> individuals. Our findings suggest astrocyte reactivity as an important upstream event linking Aβ with initial tau pathology, which may have implications for the biological definition of preclinical AD and for selecting CU individuals for clinical trials.
OrienTel - Telephony Databases Across Northern Africa and the Middle East. (2004)

OrienTel is a project that over the past two-and-half years developed speech databases and phonetic standards across