gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of flame‐retardant, hydrophobic, ultraviolet protective, and luminescent transparent wood (2021)

Transparent wood with multifunctional properties has recently attracted more attention as an efficient building product. Here, we describe the development of transparent wood with long-persistent phosphorescence, tough surface, high durability, photostability, and reversibility without fatigue, and with ultraviolet shielding, superhydrophobicity, and flame-retardant activity. This long-persistent phosphorescent, or glow-in-the-dark, smart wood exhibited an ability to continue emitting light for prolonged periods of time. The photoluminescent translucent wooden substrate was prepared by immobilizing lignin-modulated wooden bulk with an admixture of methylmethacrylate (MMA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and lanthanide-doped strontium aluminate (LSA; SrAl<sub>2</sub> O<sub>4</sub> :Eu<sup>2+</sup> ,Dy<sup>3+</sup> ) phosphor nanoparticles. The photoluminescent transparent wood displayed a colour switch from colourless to bright white beneath ultraviolet (UV) light and greenish-yellow in the dark as reported by Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage laboratory colorimetric space coordinates. The generated phosphorescent wooden substrates demonstrated an absorbance band at 365 nm and an emission band at 516 nm. The phosphorescent transparent wood was improved flame-retardant properties, ultraviolet shielding, and superhydrophobic properties, as well as a reversible long-persistent phosphorescent responsiveness to UV light without fatigue. The current approach demonstrated a potential large-scale production strategy for multifunctional transparent wooden substrates for a range of applications such as smart windows, gentle indoor and outdoor lighting, and safety directional signs in buildings.
Supplementary Tables 1-4 from ILT3 (LILRB4) Promotes the Immunosuppressive Function of Tumor-Educated Human Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1 - Antibodies used for flow cytometry-based assessment of binding of anti-ILT3 and anti-ILT4 antibody to human primary cells and SK-MEL-5-educated monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Table S2 - Antibodies used for flow cytometry-based assessment of ILT3 expression on myeloid cells in SK-MEL-5 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Table S3 - Differential gene expression in SK-MEL-5 educated MDSCs treated with anti-ILT3 vs. isotype control using RNAseq.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Table S4 - Pantherdb.org analysis for GO term enrichment of the 623 signatures.&lt;/p&gt;
Intrafibrillar Collagen Mineralization Produced by Biomimetic Hierarchical Nanoapatite Assembly (2010)

Phosphorous-based templating analogs of extracellular matrix proteins are used as templates in conjunction with polycarboxylic acid-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate nanoprecursors to create a highly ordered intrafibrillar apatite crystallite assembly within a collagen fibril. The assembly recapitulates the gap and overlap arrangement of collagen molecules. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodosobenzene Tetrafluoroborate: First Example of a Stable Electrophilic Hypervalent Iodine Reagent Without Nucleophilic Ligands. (1989)

Abstract The iodosobenzene tetrafluoroborate (III) is prepared from iodosobenzene diacetate (I).
Rates and Mechanisms of Resistance Development in<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>to a Novel Diarylquinoline ATP Synthase Inhibitor (2009)

R207910 (also known as TMC207) is an investigational drug currently in clinical studies for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. It has a high degree of antimycobacterial activity and is equally effective against drug-susceptible and MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. In the present study, we characterized the development of resistance to R207910 in vitro. Ninety-seven independent R207910-resistant mutants were selected from seven different clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis (three drug-susceptible and four MDR isolates) at 10x, 30x, and 100x the MIC. At a concentration of 0.3 mg/liter (10x the MIC), the mutation rates ranged from 4.7 x 10(-7) to 8.9 x 10(-9) mutations per cell per division, and at 1.0 mg/liter (30x the MIC) the mutation rate ranged from 3.9 x 10(-8) to 2.4 x 10(-9). No resistant mutants were obtained at 3 mg/liter (100x the MIC). The level of resistance ranged from 0.12 to 3.84 mg/liter for the mutants identified; these concentrations represent 4- to 128-fold increases in the MICs. For 53 of the resistant mutants, the atpE gene, which encodes a transmembrane and oligomeric C subunit of the ATP synthase and which was previously shown to be involved in resistance, was sequenced. For 15/53 mutants, five different point mutations resulting in five different amino acid substitutions were identified in the atpE gene. For 38/53 mutants, no atpE mutations were found and sequencing of the complete F0 ATP synthase operon (atpB, atpE, and atpF genes) and the F1 ATP synthase operon (atpH, atpA, atpG, atpD, and atpC genes) from three mutants revealed no mutations, indicating other, alternative resistance mechanisms. Competition assays showed no measurable reduction in the fitness of the mutants compared to that of the isogenic wild types.
Valsalva Maneuver Decreases Liver and Spleen Stiffness Measured by Time-Harmonic Ultrasound Elastography (2022)

Ultrasound elastography quantitatively measures tissue stiffness and is widely used in clinical practice to diagnose various diseases including liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. The stiffness of soft organs has been shown to be sensitive to blood flow and pressure-related diseases such as portal hypertension. Because of the intricate coupling between tissue stiffness of abdominal organs and perfusion-related factors such as vascular stiffness or blood volume, simple breathing maneuvers have altered the results of liver elastography, while other organs such as the spleen are understudied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a standardized Valsalva maneuver on liver stiffness and, for the first time, on spleen stiffness using time-harmonic elastography (THE). THE acquires full-field-of-view stiffness maps based on shear wave speed (SWS), covers deep tissues, and is potentially sensitive to SWS changes induced by altered abdominal pressure in the hepatosplenic system. SWS of the liver and the spleen was measured in 17 healthy volunteers under baseline conditions and during the Valsalva maneuver. With the Valsalva maneuver, SWS in the liver decreased by 2.2% (from a median of 1.36 m/s to 1.32 m/s; <i>p</i> = 0.021), while SWS in the spleen decreased by 5.2% (from a median of 1.63 m/s to 1.51 m/s; <i>p</i> = 0.00059). Furthermore, we observed that the decrease was more pronounced the higher the baseline SWS values were. In conclusion, the results confirm our hypothesis that the Valsalva maneuver decreases liver and spleen stiffness, showing that THE is sensitive to perfusion pressure-related changes in tissue stiffness. With its extensive organ coverage and high penetration depth, THE may facilitate translation of pressure-sensitive ultrasound elastography into clinical routine.
Quantitative chemical analysis of perovskite deposition using spin coating (2019)

Lead and halide ion compositions of spin coated organo-lead halide perovskite films have been quantified&#13;\nusing ion chromatography (IC) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) using perovskite films manufactured&#13;\nby 5 different researchers (3 replicates per treatment) to monitor variability between researchers&#13;\nand individual researcher reproducibility. Planar and mesoporous TiO2-coated glass substrates have&#13;\nbeen studied along with tribromide (CH3NH3PbBr3), triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) and mixed halide&#13;\n(CH3NH3PbI3�xClx) perovskite films. The data show low yields of spin coated perovskite material (ca.&#13;\n1%) and preferential deposition of I� over Cl� in mixed halide films.
Single non-ionic surfactant based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems: formulation, characterization, cytotoxicity and permeability enhancement study (2012)

Single non-ionic surfactant based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was formulated and characterised for poor water soluble drug, Atorvastatin calcium. Capmul MCM oil showing highest solubility for Atorvastatin calcium was selected as oil phase. Self-nanoemulsifying capacity of Cremophor RH 40, Cremophor EL, Tween 20, Tween 60, Tween 80 and Labrasol were tested for the selected oil. In vitro dissolution studies were performed and were characterized by t85% and dissolution efficiency (DE). Cytotoxicity of the formulations and permeation enhancement of the drug across caco-2 cell monolayer was assessed. Capmul MCM was found to be better nanoemulsified in decreasing order of Cremophor RH 40 > Cremophor EL > Tween 20 > Tween 60 > Tween 80. Values of droplet size (range 11-83 nm), polydispersity index (range 0.07-0.65); zeta potential (range -3.97 to -19.0) and cloud point (60-85°C) before and after drug loading proves the uniformity and stability of the formulations. SNEDDS formulated with Tween 20 surfactant showed enhanced dissolution with t85% and DE values at 10 min and 78.70, respectively. None of the formulation showed cytotoxicity at the concentration tested. Tween 20 based SNEDDS enhanced permeation of the drug as compared with pure drug across cell lines. It can be concluded that SNEDDS can be formulated by using single non-ionic surfactant system for enhance dissolution and absorption of poorly soluble drug, Atorvastatin calcium.
Anomalous loss of DT alpha particles in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (1997)

An escaping alpha collector probe has been developed for TFTR`s DT phase. Energy distributions of escaping alphas have been determined by measuring the range of α-particles implanted into nickel foils located within the alpha collector. Results at 1.0 MA of plasma current are in good agreement with predictions for first orbit alpha loss. Results at 1.8 MA, however, show a significant anomalous loss of partially thermalized alphas (in addition to the expected first orbit loss), which is not observed with the lost alpha scintillator detectors in DT plasmas, but does resemble the anomalous delayed loss seen in DD plasmas. None of the candidate explanations proposed thus far are fully consistent with the anomalous loss observations. An experiment designed to study the effect of plasma major radius shifts on α-particle loss has led to a better understanding of α-particle dynamics in tokamaks. Intuitively, one might suppose that confined marginally passing α-particles forced to move toward higher magnetic field during an inward major radius shift (i.e., compression) would mirror and become trapped particles, leading to increased alpha loss. Such an effect was looked for during the shift experiment, however, no significant changes in alpha loss to the 90° lost alpha scintillator detector were observed during the shifts. It is calculated that the energy gained by an α-particle during the inward shift is sufficient to explain this result. However, an unexpected loss of partially thermalized α-particles near the passing/trapped boundary was observed to occur between inward and outward shifts at an intermediate value of plasma current (1.4 MA). This anomalous loss feature is not yet understood.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of [(tmeda)Cu[Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>][HgCl<sub>4</sub>]: A Non‐Centrosymmetric 2‐D Layered System that Shows Strong Optical Anisotropy. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Correction: Synergistic activation of pro-inflammatory type-2 CD8 + T lymphocytes by lipid mediators in severe eosinophilic asthma (2018)

This article was originally published under standard licence, but has now been made available under a [CC BY 4.0] license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
Accelerometry-Based Gait Analysis and Its Application to Parkinson's Disease Assessment— Part 1: Detection of Stride Event (2013)

Gait analysis is widely recognized as a promising tool for obtaining objective information on the walking behavior of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. It is especially useful in clinical practices if gait properties can be captured with minimal instrumentation that does not interfere with the subject's usual behavioral pattern under ambulatory conditions. In this study, we propose a new gait analysis system based on a trunk-mounted acceleration sensor and automatic gait detection algorithm. The algorithm identifies the acceleration signal with high intensity, periodicity, and biphasicity as a possible gait sequence, from which gait peaks due to stride events are extracted by utilizing the cross-correlation and anisotropy properties of the signal. A total of 11 healthy subjects and 12 PD patients were tested to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The result indicates that gait peaks can be detected with an accuracy of more than 94%. The proposed method may serve as a practical component in the accelerometry-based assessment of daily gait characteristics.
Dr. So's rebuttal. (2008)

Dr. North presents a well-written dissertation that stresses the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and also points out that neoadjuvant chemotherapy may not be the approach for everyone undergoing radical cystectomy.
Determination of Specificity Residues in Two Component Systems using Graphlets. (2009)

This work presents a novel method for the identification of specificity residues in two component systems based on the discovery of graphlet signatures. We use network representations of 3-D structures and sequence of proteins, experimental data and graph-based learning to detect graphlet signatures that potentially are responsible for phosphotranfer specificity between Histidine Kinase (HK) and Response Regulator (RR) domains. This approach is applied to the system of HK and RR in E. coli. Structural regions were found for Histidine Kinases RstB and Response Regulator RstA and confirmed using experimental data. In addition, some hypothetical regions of specificity were proposed to explain cross talk between the HKs that phosphorylate YhfA and the RRs that interact with UhpB. Such an approach offers the ability to identify domain specificity residues in two component systems in silico.
Modeling of thermal nondestructive evaluation techniques for composite materials and the European aerospace industry (1999)

Thermal non-destructive evaluation (TNDE) techniques based on IR Thermography have becoming a mature method for the aerospace industry. For the development of new procedures, the optimisation of the experimental set-up and the assessment of the inversion algorithms that are used by TNDE techniques, reference data are required, which can be provided by simulating the thermal behaviour of the inspected structures.In this work, the computerised simulation of thermographic inspection procedures by mathematical methods is investigated. The analysis is focused on the modelling strategies that can be implemented by means of commercial software packages to solve numerically the heat conduction problem in composite structures. When affordable, exact analytical solution of the heat diffusion originating during the testing procedures is reviewed as well.
Signalling to the nucleus via A-kinase anchoring proteins. (2004)

The cell nucleus is a highly dynamic organelle whose function and structure during the cell cycle is tightly controlled. A number of signals triggered by external stimuli or intracellular clocks are relayed to the nucleus by protein kinases and phosphatases. Specificity of action of kinases and phosphatases can be achieved by their recruitment into multiprotein complexes targeted to discrete subcellular or subnuclear loci. One class of molecules targeting signalling units within single complexes are A-kinase anchoring proteins or AKAPs. AKAPs not only target enzymes to their substrate but may also regulate enzyme activity. This chapter highlights the role of nuclear AKAPs in relaying and modulating protein kinase and phosphatase signals to the nucleus or chromosomes.
A Novel Eddy Current Method for Magnetic Plate Identification with Elimination of Lift-off Effect (2019)

novel eddy current method for magnetic plate identification is presented. This method uses the magnetic property in low frequency and conductive property in high frequency of the magnetic plates. The frequency profiles are measured with a conventional impedance analyzer, as a function of lift-off, which represents the distance between the coil and magnetic plate. If a coil is placed to a magnetic plate, there is a cross frequency at which the measured value is as same as inductance of coil only. The measured value of cross frequency depends on the coil diameter, placed magnetic plate, not strongly depends on the liftoff. In this paper, identification of iron and nickel plates are successfully demonstrated. A discussion with an iron plate with nickel plating of 40 μm is also mentioned.
Prospectivity of the Ultra-Deepwater Gulf of Mexico (2001)

The oil and gas industry and the United States government both face tremendous challenges to explore discover, appraise, develop, and exploit vast new hydrocarbon reserves in waters deeper than 6000 feet in the ultra-deepwater of the Gulf of Mexico. Yet these new reserves of hydrocarbons are needed to offset the economically detrimental, long-term decline in production from within the borders of the United States (Figure 1).
Protamine Sulphate Inhibits Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ib-von Willebrand Factor Activity (2000)

Platelet adhesion to the injured vessel wall is essential in haemostasis and thrombosis. This process involves the interaction of the platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) with surface bound von Willebrand factor (vWF). Since synthetic polycationic peptides of the general formula (Arg)n, (Lys)n or (Arg-Lys)n inhibit GPIb-vWF interaction, they were suggested as potential antithrombotics. Protamine sulphate is a highly cationic polypeptide, arginine accounting for approximately 60% of the primary sequence, utilized to neutralize the anticoagulant effect of heparin after cardiac surgery. We have investigated potential effects of protamine sulphate on the function of GPIb-vWF. Addition of protamine sulphate to platelet-rich plasma (PRP), reduced significantly the GPIb-vWF activity as assessed by ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. When protamine sulphate was added to PRP containing heparin, even at clinically relevant neutralizing doses the GPIb-vWF activity was reduced by 20-30% (p < 0.001). Protamine sulphate in excess of heparin nearly abolished the activity. Furthermore, the direct effect of protamine sulphate on collagen-induced platelet thrombus formation in non-anticoagulated human blood was investigated by employing an ex-vivo parallel-plate perfusion chamber device. Protamine sulphate (200 microg/mL) reduced platelet-collagen adhesion at shear rates of 650 and 2600 sec(-1) by 40% (p< 0.004) and 45% (p < 0.0001), respectively. The corresponding platelet thrombus volumes were concomitantly reduced by 90% (p < 0.006) and 84% (p < 0.05). Our data are questioning the rationale for empirical repetitive protamine sulphate administration when so-called "heparin rebound" after cardiac surgery is suspected, since protamine sulphate in excess of heparin may impair the platelet GPIb-vWF interaction necessary for normal haemostasis.
PLATFORM PLANNING FRAMEWORK FOR OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT WITH CASE STUDY OF PROJECT ARA (2019)

This article illustrates how to evaluate platform design for an open source hardware development project. First, we will look at the open source hardware development as a methodology that fulfills demands for mass customization. In the open source hardware development, project owner offers platform sources and individual developers separately develop various functional modules based on the given platform sources. Then customers will choose each module which best meets their needs. Second, the evaluation model for the open source hardware platform will be suggested. For open source hardware development, developers’ participation is one of key factors to successful project management. Developers will consider both estimated development costs and market size to make decision on participation. With all these concerns, we built a platform evaluation model for open source hardware projects in terms of how much it boosts developers' participation.
High-voltage-activated calcium current subtypes in mouse DRG neurons adapt in a subpopulation-specific manner after nerve injury (2014)

Changes in ion channel function and expression are characteristic of neuropathic pain. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are integral for neurotransmission and membrane excitability, but relatively little is known about changes in their expression after nerve injury. In this study, we investigate whether peripheral nerve ligation is followed by changes in the density and proportion of high-voltage-activated (HVA) VGCC current subtypes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the contribution of presynaptic N-type calcium channels in evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) recorded from dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord, and the changes in expression of mRNA encoding VGCC subunits in DRG neurons. Using C57BL/6 mice [8- to 11-wk-old males (n = 91)] for partial sciatic nerve ligation or sham surgery, we performed whole cell patch-clamp recordings on isolated DRG neurons and dorsal horn neurons and measured the expression of all VGCC subunits with RT-PCR in DRG neurons. After nerve injury, the density of P/Q-type current was reduced overall in DRG neurons. There was an increase in the percentage of N-type and a decrease in that of P/Q-type current in medium- to large-diameter neurons. No changes were found in the contribution of presynaptic N-type calcium channels in evoked EPSCs recorded from dorsal horn neurons. The α2δ-1 subunit was upregulated by 1.7-fold and γ-3, γ-2, and β-4 subunits were all downregulated 1.7-fold in injured neurons compared with sham-operated neurons. This comprehensive characterization of HVA VGCC subtypes in mouse DRG neurons after nerve injury revealed changes in N- and P/Q-type current proportions only in medium- to large-diameter neurons.
Combined photoacoustic and ultrasound biomicroscopy (2009)

We report on the development of an imaging system capable of combined ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging based on a fast-scanning single-element 25-MHz ultrasound transducer and a unique light-delivery system. The system is capable of 20 ultrasound frames per second and slower photoacoustic frame rates limited by laser pulse-repetition rates. Laser and ultrasound pulses are interlaced for co-registration of photoacoustic and ultrasound images. In vivo imaging of a human finger permits ultrasonic visualization of vessel structures and speckle changes indicative of blood flow, while overlaid photoacoustic images highlight some small vessels that are not clear from the ultrasound scan. Photoacoustic images provide optical absorption contrast co-registered in the structural and blood-flow context of ultrasound with high-spatial resolution and may prove important for clinical diagnostics and basic science of the microvasculature.