gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticorrosive Self-Assembled Hybrid Alkylsilane Coatings for Resorbable Magnesium Metal Devices (2017)

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are promising candidates for use as resorbable materials for biomedical devices that can degrade in situ following healing of the defect, eliminating the need for a second surgery to remove the device. Hydrogen gas is the main product of magnesium corrosion, and one of the limitations for use of Mg devices in clinic is the formation of gas pockets around them. One potential solution to this problem is reducing the rate of corrosion to the levels at which H<sub>2</sub> can diffuse through the body fluids. The study's aim was to evaluate the potential of hybrid alkylsilane self-assembled multilayer coatings to reduce Mg corrosion and to modify physicochemical properties of the coatings using surface functionalization. The coating was made by copolymerization of n-Decyltriethoxysilane and Tetramethoxysilane followed by dip coating of metal discs. This resulted in a formation of homogeneous, micron thick, and defect free coating. The coated surface was more hydrophobic than bare Mg, however functionalization of the coating with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane reduced the hydrophobicity of the coating. The coatings reduced several fold the rate of Mg corrosion based on the H<sub>2</sub> evolution and other assessment methods, and effectively prevented the initial corrosion burst over the first 24 h. In vitro tissue culture studies demonstrated cytocompatibility of the coatings. These results reveal excellent anticorrosive properties and good cytocompatibility of the hybrid alkylsilane coatings and suggest great potential for use of these coatings on resorbable Mg devices.
Two Old Masters (2005)

Sixteen years ago I found myself in Old Tucson, Arizona. Old Tucson is a standing set built first for the film of the same name, then altered - dressed and redressed it is called in the industry - for classic westerns such as Rio Bravo and Gunfight at the OK Corral. A fan of the genre since the 1950s, I was in seventh heaven. I reeled off one still after another. I didn't have to work for classic Western compositions; they were inherent in the design of the town.
Collective enhancement of quantum coherence in coupled quantum dot films (2021)

Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are attractive materials that provide unique photophysics of multiple electron-hole pairs (multiexcitons) in strongly quantum confined systems. Multiexciton phenomena such as efficient Auger recombination have been intensively investigated with respect to individual QDs. However, the cooperative nature of QDs, especially in terms of multiexciton coherence, has not been elucidated thus far. Here, we report the observation of the collective enhancement of quantum coherence in coupled QD films. Using a photocurrent quantum interference technique, we find that the multiexciton quantum coherence in coupled QDs is significantly increased compared to the case of isolated QDs. This cooperative effect is induced by the coherent electronic coupling between QDs. Our results clarify the enhancement mechanism in coupled quantum systems and open the door to advanced optoelectronic applications such as coherent amplifiers and frequency upconverters.
Effects of Orally Administered Preliminary Analgesic Therapy in Diagnostic Colposcopy Patients: A Prospective Questionnaire Study (2021)

Background: Colposcopy has a key role in the diagnostic work-up and management of abnormal cervical cytology, but it might generate negative feelings of mainly anxiety and pain to the patients undergoing such examination. These feelings are interrelated, with the anxiety fueling the painful sensations. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of preliminary administration in terms of pain and anxiety relief that the preliminary administration of paracetamol would have on patients undergoing diagnostic colposcopy. Materials &amp; Methods: We conducted a single center prospective study which enrolled 112 patients with diagnosed or suspected cervical pathology who were examined at the Outpatient Colposcopy Clinic of Patras University Hospital, over a 7-months period. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. The interventional group received 1gr of paracetamol (acematiminofen) in pill form, 30 to 60 minutes before colposcopic assessment; the control group received no medication. At the end of consultation, all participants completed a 2-page questionnaire. Results: More patients of the interventional arm did not experience any pain at all during colposcopy compared with the control group. However, this difference was statistically not significant, probably because of the small number of patients. Moreover, there were no differences in mild and moderate pain rates between the interventional and control groups. Severe pain was only experienced by patients in the control group. Further data analysis from the first time as and for repeat colposcopy patients showed similar findings regarding pain intensity rates in the interventional and control group. When considering anxiety levels, no differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: The preliminary administration of low dose paracetamol in a pilot sample of colposcopy patients did not illustrate significant benefits in terms of experienced pain and anxiety levels.
Application of a limiting form of the R&amp;#x00E9;nyi entropy for molecular imaging of tumors using a clinically relevant protocol (2010)

We demonstrate a novel approach to ultrasonic detection of molecularly targeted nanoparticle contrast agent accumulation in a xenographic mouse tumor model in vivo. This is accomplished by imaging the entire mouse tumor volume at 15 minute intervals following injection of α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> β <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -targeted perfluoro carbon core nanoparticles. Radiofrequency (RF) data were stored for off-line analysis using signal energy and a limiting form of the Renyi entropy suitable for real-time calculation, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f,∞</sub> . The results indicate that I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f,∞</sub> may be used to reliably detect accumulation of targeted nanoparticles within 15 minutes of injection without the need for image subtraction, whereas signal energy images showed less sensitivity to nanoparticle accumulation. The ability to detect nanoparticle accumulation without requiring image subtraction or fixing the transducer in place are necessary prerequisites for translation of this technology to the clinic.
Membrane Ion Transport in Erythrocytes of Salt Hypertensive Dahl Rats and Their F2 Hybrids: the Importance of Cholesterol (2003)

The possible association of salt hypertension and altered lipid metabolism with abnormalities of particular systems transporting sodium and potassium has been studied in erythrocytes of Dahl rats and their F2 hybrids fed a high-salt diet since weaning. Our attention was paid to the Na(+)-K+ pump, Na(+)-K+ cotransport and especially to passive membrane permeability for Na+ and Rb+ (Na+ and Rb+ leak), because the Na+ leak was found to be dependent on the genotype, age and salt intake of Dahl rats, whereas the Rb+ leak was suggested to be a potential marker of salt sensitivity in Dahl and Sabra rats. Young male Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) and salt-resistant (SR/Jr) rats kept on a low-salt (0.3% NaCl) or high-salt diet (8% NaCl) were used for the progenitor study. The subsequent genetic study was based on 135 young male SS/Jr x SR/Jr F2 hybrids fed a high-salt diet since weaning. Ouabain (5 mmol/l) and bumetanide (10 micromol/l) were used to distinguish the contribution of the Na(+)-K+ pump, Na(+)-K+ cotransport and passive membrane permeability to measured net Na+ fluxes and unidirectional Rb+ (K+) movements. Compared to normotensive SR/Jr animals, salt-loaded SS/Jr rats had higher blood pressure (BP), elevated erythrocyte Na+ content, and increased Na+ and Rb+ leaks together with enhanced Na+ and Rb+ transport mediated by the Na(+)-K+ pump and Na(+)-K+ cotransport system. Salt hypertensive Dahl rats were also characterized by elevated plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, which were positively associated with BP of F2 hybrids (r=0.27 and 0.24, p< 0.01). In F2 hybrids, mean arterial pressure correlated significantly with erythrocyte Na+ content (r=0.24, p<0.01) and ouabain-sensitive Na+ extrusion, but not with the passive membrane permeability for Na+ or Rb+ (r=-0.02 and 0.06, not significant). Both of the above-mentioned significant associations could partially be ascribed to the dependence of erythrocyte Na+ content and ouabain-sensitive Na+ extrusion on plasma cholesterol (r=0.18 and 0.21, p<0.05). Our results support the idea that abnormal lipid metabolism and/or altered Na+,K(+)-ATPase function play an important role in the pathogenesis of salt hypertension in salt-sensitive Dahl rats.
Supplementary Data from Preclinical Modeling of Surgery and Steroid Therapy for Glioblastoma Reveals Changes in Immunophenotype that are Associated with Tumor Growth and Outcome (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-18&lt;/p&gt;
High‐fidelity detection and sorting of nanoscale vesicles in viral disease and cancer (2019)

Biological nanoparticles, including viruses and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are of interest to many fields of medicine as biomarkers and mediators of or treatments for disease. However, exosomes and small viruses fall below the detection limits of conventional flow cytometers due to the overlap of particle-associated scattered light signals with the detection of background instrument noise from diffusely scattered light. To identify, sort, and study distinct subsets of EVs and other nanoparticles, as individual particles, we developed nanoscale Fluorescence Analysis and Cytometric Sorting (nanoFACS) methods to maximise information and material that can be obtained with high speed, high resolution flow cytometers. This nanoFACS method requires analysis of the instrument background noise (herein defined as the "reference noise"). With these methods, we demonstrate detection of tumour cell-derived EVs with specific tumour antigens using both fluorescence and scattered light parameters. We further validated the performance of nanoFACS by sorting two distinct HIV strains to >95% purity and confirmed the viability (infectivity) and molecular specificity (specific cell tropism) of biological nanomaterials sorted with nanoFACS. This nanoFACS method provides a unique way to analyse and sort functional EV- and viral-subsets with preservation of vesicular structure, surface protein specificity and RNA cargo activity.
Continuous Flow Epoxidation of Alkenes Using a Homogeneous Manganese Catalyst with Peracetic Acid (2023)

Epoxidation of alkenes is a valuable transformation in the synthesis of fine chemicals. Described herein are the design and development of a continuous flow process for carrying out the epoxidation of alkenes with a homogeneous manganese catalyst at metal loadings as low as 0.05 mol%. In this process, peracetic acid is generated <i>in situ</i> and telescoped directly into the epoxidation reaction, thus reducing the risks associated with its handling and storage, which often limit its use at scale. This flow process lessens the safety hazards associated with both the exothermicity of this epoxidation reaction and the use of the highly reactive peracetic acid. Controlling the speciation of manganese/2-picolinic acid mixtures by varying the ligand:manganese ratio was key to the success of the reaction. This continuous flow process offers an inexpensive, sustainable, and scalable route to epoxides.
The advances and challenges of Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2017)

Since the discovery of the dystrophin gene (DMD gene) thirty years ago, several therapeutic approaches have been investigated to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This includes cell therapy, exon jumping, exonic knockout, and the CinDel method. In this article, we present the challenges of developping a treatment for DMD and the advances of these various approaches. We included the new CRISPR-Cas9 system, which permits not only major progress in the development of new treatments based on genome editing but also the production of new animal models.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Murine astrovirus tropism for goblet cells and enterocytes facilitates an IFN-λ response in vivo and in enteroid cultures. (2021)

Although they globally cause viral gastroenteritis in children, astroviruses are understudied due to the lack of well-defined animal models. While murine astroviruses (muAstVs) chronically infect immunodeficient mice, a culture system and understanding of their pathogenesis is lacking. Here, we describe a platform to cultivate muAstV using air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures derived from mouse enteroids, which support apical infection and release. Chronic muAstV infection occurs predominantly in the small intestine and correlates with higher interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) expression. MuAstV stimulates IFN-λ production in ALI, recapitulating our in vivo findings. We demonstrate that goblet cells and enterocytes are targets for chronic muAstV infection in vivo, and that infection is enhanced by parasite co-infection or type 2 cytokine signaling. Depletion of goblet cells from ALI limits muAstV infection in vitro. During chronic infection, muAstV stimulates IFN-λ production in infected cells and induces ISGs throughout the intestinal epithelium in an IFN-λ-receptor-dependent manner. Collectively, our study provides insights into the cellular tropism and innate immune responses to muAstV and establishes an enteroid-based culture system to propagate muAstV in vitro. PMID: 33674763 Funding information This work was supported by: NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 DK052574 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R00 AI141683 NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 DK122790 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI127552 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI139314 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI141478 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Spread spectrum phase modulation for coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (2015)

High dynamic range, phase ambiguity and radiation limited resolution are three challenging issues in coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI), which limit the achievable imaging resolution. This paper proposes a spread spectrum phase modulation (SSPM) method to address the aforementioned problems in a single strobe. The requirements on phase modulator parameters are presented, and a practical implementation of SSPM is discussed via ray optics analysis. Numerical experiments demonstrate the performance of SSPM under the constraint of available X-ray optics fabrication accuracy, showing its potential to real CXDI applications.
The impact of acute rosiglitazone on insulin pharmacokinetics at the blood‐brain barrier (2020)

Acute RSG treatment does not alter insulin BBB transport in healthy mice but can restore insulin receptor binding at the BBB in an insulin-resistant state.
Data from Identification of Differentially Methylated Genes in Normal Prostate Tissues from African American and Caucasian Men (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Aberrant DNA methylation changes are common somatic alterations in prostate carcinogenesis. We examined the methylation status of six genes in prostate tissue specimens from African American (AA) and Caucasian (Cau) males.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We used pyrosequencing to quantitatively measure the methylation status of &lt;i&gt;GSTP1, AR, RARβ2, SPARC, TIMP3&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;NKX2-5&lt;/i&gt;. Real-time PCR was used to determine gene expression, and gene reactivation was analyzed by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin A treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Statistical analysis showed significantly higher methylation in the prostate cancer tissue samples in comparison with matched normal samples for &lt;i&gt;GSTP1&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001 for AA; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0008 for Cau), &lt;i&gt;RARβ2&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001 for AA and Cau), &lt;i&gt;SPARC&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001 for AA and Cau), &lt;i&gt;TIMP3&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001 for AA and Cau), and &lt;i&gt;NKX2-5&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001 for AA; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003 for Cau). Overall, we observed significant differences (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) in the methylation level for all genes, except &lt;i&gt;GSTP1&lt;/i&gt;, in the AA samples in comparison with the Cau samples. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed significantly higher methylation for &lt;i&gt;NKX2-5&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008) and &lt;i&gt;TIMP3&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.039) in normal prostate tissue samples from AA in comparison with Cau, and a statistically significant association of methylation with age for &lt;i&gt;NKX2-5&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03) after adjusting for race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings show higher methylation of several genes in prostate tissue samples from AA in comparison with Cau and may potentially contribute to the racial differences that are observed in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Clin Cancer Res; 16(14); 3539–47. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
CFTR/ENaC-dependent regulation of membrane potential during human sperm capacitation is initiated by bicarbonate uptake through NBC (2018)

To fertilize an egg, sperm must reside in the female reproductive tract to undergo several maturational changes that are collectively referred to as capacitation. From a molecular point of view, the HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-dependent activation of the atypical soluble adenylyl cyclase (ADCY10) is one of the first events that occurs during capacitation and leads to the subsequent cAMP-dependent activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Capacitation is also accompanied by hyperpolarization of the sperm plasma membrane. We previously reported that PKA activation is necessary for CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel) activity and for the modulation of membrane potential (Em). However, the main HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> transporters involved in the initial transport and the PKA-dependent Em changes are not well known nor characterized. Here, we analyzed how the activity of CFTR regulates Em during capacitation and examined its relationship with an electrogenic Na<sup>+</sup>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> cotransporter (NBC) and epithelial Na<sup>+</sup> channels (ENaCs). We observed that inhibition of both CFTR and NBC decreased HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> influx, resulting in lower PKA activity, and that events downstream of the cAMP activation of PKA are essential for the regulation of Em. Addition of a permeable cAMP analog partially rescued the inhibitory effects caused by these inhibitors. HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> also produced a rapid membrane hyperpolarization mediated by ENaC channels, which contribute to the regulation of Em during capacitation. Altogether, we demonstrate for the first time, that NBC cotransporters and ENaC channels are essential in the CFTR-dependent activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and Em regulation during human sperm capacitation.
Quantitative visualization of scattered acoustic fields (1977)

Two acousto-optic imaging techniques—schlieren and acoustic holography—are used to obtain quantitative images of the acoustic field scattered from a cylindrical target. The schlieren geometry is ideal for the near field of such a target, while the far field can be readily obtained with the holographic system. The implication of these results are discussed in view of the recently obtained capability of on-line digital processing of these images.
Data from Syndecan-1 (CD138) Suppresses Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma by Activating IGF1 Receptor: Prevention by Synstatin&lt;sub&gt;IGF1R&lt;/sub&gt; Inhibits Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Syndecan-1 (Sdc1/CD138) expression is linked to disease severity in multiple myeloma, although the causal basis for this link remains unclear. Here we report that capture of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) by Sdc1 suppresses ASK1-dependent apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Sdc1 binds two different fractions of IGF1R, one that is constitutively active and a second that is activated by IGF1 ligand. Notably, IGF1R kinase activity in both fractions is blocked by synstatin&lt;sub&gt;IGF1R&lt;/sub&gt; (SSTN&lt;sub&gt;IGF1R&lt;/sub&gt;), a peptide that inhibits IGF1R capture by Sdc1, as well as by a truncated peptide (SSTN&lt;sub&gt;IGF1R-T&lt;/sub&gt;) that appears to be specific for multiple myeloma cells. Mechanistically, we show that ASK1 is bound to active IGF1R and inhibited by Tyr and Ser83/Ser966 phosphorylation. When IGF1R engagement with Sdc1 is blocked by SSTN&lt;sub&gt;IGF1R&lt;/sub&gt;, ASK1 becomes activated, and initiates JNK- and caspase-3–mediated apoptosis. In pharmacologic tests, we find SSTN&lt;sub&gt;IGF1R&lt;/sub&gt; is highly stable in human plasma and displays a half-life of 27 hours in mice, wherein it significantly reduces both the size and neovascularization of CAG myeloma tumor xenografts. Taken together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept and mechanistic rationale for the exploration of SSTN&lt;sub&gt;IGF1R&lt;/sub&gt; as an experimental therapeutic to dually attack multiple myeloma tumor cell survival and tumor angiogenesis. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(17); 4981–93. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Vanadium Carbide Dissolution during Austenitisation of a Model Microalloyed FeCV Steel (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Energy Considerations in the Deposition of High‐Quality Plasma‐Enhanced CVD Silicon Dioxide (1991)

Silicon dioxide films deposited from the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reaction of silane and nitrous oxide in the presence of helium were studied to determine the effects of temperature and radio frequency (RF) power on the deposition process. Increased RF power density yielded oxides which were structurally more relaxed and homogeneous. Temperature had a more significant effect on the impurity levels in the films. The combination of elevated power density with increased susceptor temperature resulted in the deposition of films of high physical integrity.
Improved optical properties using self‐organized GaN nanotip structure (2003)

A self-organized GaN nanotip structure, which was a nanoscale tip-shaped pillar, was fabricated on a GaN surface by reactive ion etching (RIE) using chlorine plasma. The nanotip structure with periods smaller than the wavelength of light can provide antireflection and enhanced transmission effects from the ultraviolet (UV) to the visible region (300 nm ∼ 900 nm). We have found that the height and the density of the nanotip structure can be controlled from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm and from 109 cm−2 to 1011 cm−2 by changing etching conditions, respectively. The nanotip structure with controlled height and density exhibited the drastic improvement of the transmission property in the UV region compared with what is conventionally fabricated. These excellent optical properties of the nanotip structure are expected to improve the performances of light-emitting and photo-detective devices. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)