gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastography for hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery (2013)

Palpation is a subjective and non-sharable diagnostic method. Recently, palpation has been supported and replaced by elastography, which provides a novel parameter of "stiffness" as a visual representation or quantified value. Today, elastography is performed using two major modalities: strain elastography and shear wave elastography. Strain elastography converts the extent of deformation during external compression into colors, displaying these colors as a strain map in a motion picture representing the relative elasticity inside the region of interest. Shear wave elastography can quantify the elasticity of a target by calculating the velocity of shear waves generated by a probe. In addition to superficial organs, elastography has also been applied to upper abdominal organs, including the liver, pancreas and spleen. The visualization of the stiffness of focal lesions in the liver or the pancreas has enabled a more sensitive and specific depiction of small, non-palpable nodules, which are difficult to depict using B-mode ultrasonography. The quantification of stiffness also enables non-invasive estimates of liver fibrosis, the risk of postoperative liver insufficiency and the risk of recurrence of viral hepatitis after transplantation. In this article, we review the major reports that have recently been published describing the effective application of elastography to solid upper abdominal organs in a clinical setting.
High Prevalence of Cardiac Parvovirus B19 Infection in Patients With Isolated Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (2005)

PVB19 genomes were predominant in patients with unexplained, isolated diastolic dysfunction. A strong association with the incidence of endothelial dysfunction was obvious, consistent with the hypothesis that PVB19-induced endothelial dysfunction may be a possible pathomechanism underlying diastolic dysfunction.
Long‐Term Home Health Care for the Impoverished Frail Homebound Aged: A Twenty‐Seven‐Year Experience (2000)

The Chelsea‐Village Program (CVP) is a long‐term home healthcare program for a largely isolated and impoverished frail homebound aged population, based at Saint Vincent's Hospital in New York City. Since January 1973, our CVP teams of physicians, nurses, and social workers have cared for the homebound aged over the long term. Twenty‐seven years later, we have made 42,866 home visits to 2264 persons in lower Manhattan, an area of New York City housing a high concentration of older people. Our purpose is to help our patients remain in their own homes and community at the maximum possible level of personal control and to maintain the best attainable health. Additionally, the program is a valuable component of the Hospital's Primary Care Adult Medicine residency program. It also serves as a laboratory for the study of health problems faced by the homebound aged and the solutions to these problems. The program, a medical‐social model, has required modest philanthropic investments, dedicated service by physicians, nurses, and social workers, and the support of a hospital with a strong charitable mission. The CVP experience has encouraged the creation of other long‐term home healthcare programs across the country, including the Medicaid‐supported Nursing Home Without Walls program that spans New York State. Thus, the CVP can be viewed as a model rather than an idiosyncratic non‐replicable phenomenon. As such, the program has established that multidisciplinary healthcare teams, in collaboration with a teaching hospital, can provide long‐term home health care to homebound older people in the local community. Moreover such a practice is mutually beneficial. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:1002–1011, 2000.
[Functional recompensation during decompensated-stage cirrhosis]. (2023)

Recent studies suggest that recompensation of liver function appears in decompensated cirrhosis after effective treatment. However, liver function recompensation degree, recompensation evaluation diagnostic criteria, how to predict recompensation from the perspective of liver function, and others still need to be further explored. Therefore, functional recompensation is explored here from the perspective of decompensated-stage cirrhosis.
Hate speech in Intercultural Encounters. Introduction (2021)

The issue of hate speech has been a topic of international debate—most frequently in the domains of law, philosophy and language. Different issues linked to changes in society, ranging from the proliferation of social media, innovation and technology and influx of fake news, disinformation and propaganda to the rise of nationalism, far-right movements, increased cross-border movement of people and transnational business have made studying the conceptual and practical aspects of hate speech in different contexts ever more important.
Total synthesis of ent-calystegine B4 via nitro-Michael/aldol reaction (2012)

Optically active ent-calystegine B4 was prepared in 13 steps from commercially available chiral L-dimethyl tartrate. The synthesis was achieved by the Michael addition and the aldol reaction of nitromethane to form cycloheptanone in a stereoselective manner. Reduction of the nitro group in the presence of Boc(2)O accomplished an efficient conversion to amino cycloheptanone, which readily afforded the desired ent-calystegine B4.
High Resolution Polar Kerr Effect Measurements of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Sr</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>RuO</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>: Evidence for Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry in the Superconducting State (2006)

The polar Kerr effect in the spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4 was measured with high precision using a Sagnac interferometer with a zero-area Sagnac loop. We observed nonzero Kerr rotations as big as 65 nanorad appearing below Tc in large domains. Our results imply a broken time-reversal symmetry state in the superconducting state of Sr2RuO4, similar to 3He-A.
Preshaping Command Inputs to Reduce System Vibration (1988)

A method is presented for generating shaped command inputs which significantly reduce or eliminate endpoint vibration. Desired system inputs are altered so that the system completes the requested move without residual vibration. A short move time penalty is incurred (on the order of one period of the first mode of vibration). The preshaping technique is robust under system parameter uncertainty and may be applied to both open and closed loop systems. The Draper Laboratory''s Space Shuttle Remote Manipulator System simulator (DRS) is used to evaluate the method. Results show a factor of 25 reduction in endpoint residual vibration for typical moves of the DRS.
Lithium‐Manganese‐Oxide Thin‐Film Cathodes Prepared by Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1999)

Lithium‐manganese‐oxide thin‐film electrodes have been fabricated using the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Process parameters such as flow rates of the reactants, deposition temperature, and RF power have been systematically varied to optimize the charge and discharge properties. The thin films are amorphous as found by X‐ray diffraction spectrometry and can be cycled reversibly in the range from 4.5 to 3 V or 4.5 to 2.5 V with maximum capacities of 30 and , respectively. The capacity fade of the films is ca. 0.04% per cycle over more than 700 cycles when tested in liquid electrolytes. Films which are optimized for cycling between 4.5 and 3 V demonstrate a near‐perfect balance between the charge and discharge capacities during the initial cycle and also show very small capacity fade in the subsequent cycles. Our results indicate that these lithium manganese oxide thin films are good candidates for use as cathodes in thin‐film lithium‐ion batteries. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. ©2001 American Geophysical Union
GluN2A and GluN2B NMDA Receptor Subunits Differentially Modulate Striatal Output Pathways and Contribute to Levodopa-Induced Abnormal Involuntary Movements in Dyskinetic Rats (2013)

Dual probe microdialysis was used to investigate whether GluN2A and GluN2B NMDA receptor subunits regulate striatal output pathways under dyskinetic conditions. The preferential GluN2A antagonist NVP-AAM077 perfused in the dopamine-depleted striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine hemilesioned dyskinetic rats reduced GABA and glutamate levels in globus pallidus whereas the selective GluN2B antagonist Ro 25-6981 elevated glutamate without affecting pallidal GABA. Moreover, intrastriatal NVP-AAM077 did not affect GABA but elevated glutamate levels in substantia nigra reticulata whereas Ro 25-6981 elevated GABA and reduced nigral glutamate. To investigate whether GluN2A and GluN2B NMDA receptor subunits are involved in motor pathways underlying dyskinesia expression, systemic NVP-AAM077 and Ro 25-6981 were tested for their ability to attenuate levodopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements. NVP-AAM077 failed to prevent dyskinesia while Ro 25-6981 mildly attenuated it. We conclude that in the dyskinetic striatum, striatal GluN2A subunits tonically stimulate the striato-pallidal pathway whereas striatal GluN2B subunits tonically inhibit striato-nigral projections. Moreover, GluN2A subunits are not involved in dyskinesia expression whereas GluN2B subunits minimally contribute to it.
Optimization of a Fluorescence Detection System for the Characterization of Solids (1994)

The optimization of a robust fluorescence detection system is described in which both scattered excitation light and collected fluorescence emission from rock, core, or cutting samples are guided by optical fibers. Analysis of solids poses increased difficulties compared to the extensively studied analysis of liquids; large and variable scattered light can lead to substantial reduction of the system dynamic range and to significant optical noise without proper rejection of the scattered source light. In addition, optical component fluorescence must be minimized; optimization and final optical component selections were based upon the system throughput as well as the system dynamic range. The optimized design was found by analysis of the individual system components—specifically, the source, launch objectives, fiber optics, output collimation optics, and filters. A system dynamic range of 5.1 optical density was achieved, and system performance was demonstrated with fluorescence yield measurements on a variety of solid samples.
The Overman Syntheses of Nankakurines A and B (2011)

The tetracyclic alkaloids Nankakurine A and Nankakurine B were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium hamiltonii. A preliminary study of the biological activity of Nankakurine A suggested that it could induce secretion of neurotrophic factors and promote neuronal differentiation. The key step in the first syntheses of Nankakurine A and of Nankakurine B, reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 11297) by Larry E. Overman of the University of California, Irvine was the intriguing intramolecular aza-Prins cyclization of 1 to 2. The starting material for the synthesis was 5-methyl cyclohexenone 6, prepared from (R)-pulegone. The diene 5 was prepared from the alkyne 4, following the procedure developed by Diver. There were two issues in developing the Diels-Alder addition of the enone 4 to the diene 6. The first was the relative lack of reactivity of 4 as a dienophile. The other issue was the ready epimerization of the product ketone 9. Both of these problems were solved using the activation method devised by Gassman. Condensation of 4 with 7 in the presence of the bis-silyl ether 7 and the diene 6 at cryogenic temperatures led to the ketal 8. It is thought that the active dienophile was the cation 11. Gentle hydrolysis of the ketal 8 was effected with minimal epimerization. Reductive amination with the hydrazide 10 proceeded with high diastereocontrol, to give the precursor 1. The intramolecular aza-Prins cyclization of 1 to 2 proceeded well, though the desired tetracyclic 2 was only observed when base was included in the reaction medium. In the absence of base, tricyclic alkenes dominated. Reduction of the N-N bond of 2 proceeded smoothly with freshly prepared SmI2 . After reductive methylation, hydrogenation removed the benzyl ether, and AlH3 converted the benzamide to the benzyl amine. At low temperature, mesylation of the alcohol was apparently faster than mesylation of the secondary amine, enabling cyclization to 14. Removal of the benzyl protecting group gave Nankakurine A, which was successfully methylated to give Nankakurine B.
Modular <i>P</i>-Chirogenic Phosphine-Sulfide Ligands: Clear Evidence for Both Electronic Effect and <i>P</i>-Chirality Driving Enantioselectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylations (2015)

Using the ephedrine methodology, modular stereoselective syntheses of a new class of P-chirogenic phosphines bearing a sulfur-chelating arm (P*,S-hybrid ligand) are described. A first series of syntheses based on a Fries-like rearrangement of P-chirogenic phosphinite-boranes, which are prepared from 2-bromobenzyl or 2-bromophenethyl alcohol and are mediated by metal–halide exchange, have been performed. This rearrangement affords phosphine-boranes stereospecifically with an o-hydroxyalkylphenyl substituent. The latter residue is subsequently converted into a sulfur-containing group. In a second series, the stereoselective syntheses were achieved according to a new strategy involving a reaction of a thiophenyllithium reagent with a P-chirogenic phosphinite. The X-ray structures of the P*,S ligands and their palladium complexes allow us to address the absolute configuration at both the phosphorus and sulfur centers. The P*,S ligands were used in palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations, as tests, affording asymmetric inductions up to 96% ee. Computer modeling corroborates the regio- and enantioselectivity of the Pd-catalyzed allylations and the low influence of the substituent carried by the sulfur moiety, particularly when the chelate forms a six-membered ring with the metal.
Dry etching characteristics of TiN film using Ar/CHF3, Ar/Cl2, and Ar/BCl3 gas chemistries in an inductively coupled plasma (2003)

Dry etching characteristics of TiN film have been studied in the case of using Ar/CHF3, Ar/Cl2, and Ar/BCl3 chemistries in an inductively coupled plasma. The TiN film was not etched at all without the addition of CHF3, BCl3, or Cl2 to the Ar gas flow. On the other hand, it was found that the TiN film was etched with one of the earlier additional gases. It was also found that a nontapered profile of etched TiN is obtained by Cl2 addition and a tapered profile by CHF3 or BCl3 addition. Moreover, a lower taper angle is obtained by increasing the amount of additional BCl3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy analyses for the etched samples of TiN show that TiF3 exists on the etched surface of TiN in the case of CHF3 addition and that BOxNy exists in the case of BCl3 addition. On the basis of these results, the effect of the gas addition to Ar on the characteristics of TiN reactive ion etching is considered as follows; under the Ar/CHF3 condition, although N in the TiN film is removed by evaporation in the form of NFx, Ti is fluorinated to form TiFx having low vapor pressure, which results in the low etching rate. Under the Ar/Cl2 condition, since NClx and TiClx have high vapor pressures, TiN is easily etched off, resulting in the highest etching rate with a nontapered profile. Under the Ar/BCl3 condition, although Cl plays the same role as it does under the Ar/Cl2 condition, B is likely to form a nonvolatile compound such as BOxNy, resulting in the deposition of the nonvolatile films on both the upper surface and sidewall of the TiN, which leads to a lower etching rate than that in the case of Cl2 addition and a lower taper angle of the etched profile.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of Crotonohydroxamic Acid, and a Preliminary Investigation of the Solid-State Reactivity of the Acid and Its Salts (2005)

ABSTRACT The crystal structure of crotonohydroxamic acid, CH3CH˭CHC(O)NHOH 5 contains centrosymmetrically-related pairs of acid molecules, with a short contact of 3.36 Å between the α-carbon atoms. The observed arrangement provides excellent alignment for a solid-state ene reaction, but, apparently, the threshold temperature for such a process cannot be realized. The hydrogen bonding patterns observed include C(5) chains and both and ring systems. Facile preparation of metal salts of the acid is reported, as well as discussion of the effect of heating and 60Co γ-irradiation of the materials.
Heterochromatic <i>trans</i>-Inactivation of Drosophila <i>white</i> Transgenes (1997)

Position effect variegation of most Drosophila melanogaster genes, including the white eye pigment gene is recessive. We find that this is not always the case for white transgenes. Three examples are described in which a lesion causing variegation is capable of silencing the white transgene on the paired homologue (trans-inactivation). These examples include two different transgene constructs inserted at three distinct genomic locations. The lesions that cause variegation of white minimally disrupt the linear order of genes on the chromosomes, permitting close homologous pairing. At one of these sites, trans-inactivation has also been extended to include a vital gene in the vicinity of the white transgene insertion. These findings suggest that many Drosophila genes, in many positions in the genome, can sense the heterochromatic state of a paired homologue.
A missense mutation in desmin tail domain linked to human dilated cardiomyopathy promotes cleavage of the head domain and abolishes its Z‐disc localization (2008)

A missense mutation (Ile 451 to Met) at the tail domain of the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin has been suggested to be a genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. The Ile451Met mutation is located inside a conserved motif in the desmin tail domain, believed to have a potential role in the lateral packing of type III intermediate filaments. Nevertheless, the role of the type III intermediate filament tail domain remains elusive. To further study the role of this domain in the function of cardiomyocytes and in the development of cardiomyopathy, we generated transgenic mice expressing the mutant desmin(I451M) in the cardiac tissue. Analysis of hearts from transgenic animals revealed that mutant desmin loses its Z-disc localization but it can still associate with the intercalated discs, which, however, have an altered architecture, resembling other examples of dilated cardiomyopathy. This is the first report demonstrating a critical role of the desmin head and tail domains in the formation of the IF scaffold around Z discs. It is further suggested that in cardiomyocytes, an interplay between desmin tail and head domains is taking place, which potentially protects the amino terminus of desmin from specific proteases. The fact that the association with intercalated discs seems unchanged suggests that this association must take place through the desmin tail, in contrast to the head domain that is most possibly involved in the Z-disc binding.
Establishment and metabolic analysis of a model microbial community for understanding trophic and electron accepting interactions of subsurface anaerobic environments (2010)

The results demonstrate that C. cellulolyticum, D. vulgaris, and G. sulfurreducens can be grown in coculture in a continuous culture system in which D. vulgaris and G. sulfurreducens are dependent upon the metabolic byproducts of C. cellulolyticum for nutrients. This represents a step towards developing a tractable model ecosystem comprised of members representing the functional groups of a trophic network.
Smart Protein-Based Biolasers: An Alternative Way to Protein Conformation Detection (2021)

Detecting conformational changes in protein is imperative due to its major role in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we propose an alternative strategy for monitoring the structural change of proteins based on biological microlasers. Smart responsive protein-based microscale biolasers were constructed by incorporating organic gain medium into the microspheres of silk fibroin via emulsion-solvent evaporation. The lasing characteristic of the biolasers exhibited a sensitive response to the structural transformation of the silk fibroin. With narrowed linewidth, the as-prepared biolasers as sensing signals enable highly sensitive protein conformation detection. These results offer an effective approach to monitoring the protein conformational changes and provide valuable guidance for a better understanding of the relationship between bio-microstructures and their photonic properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing Structural and Motional Features of Organic and Inorganic Solids Through Extended Family of Cross‐polarization Experiments (2016)

Abstract Review: 35 refs.
BRIDGE ABUTMENT AND APPROACH SLAB SETTLEMENT. PHASE 1. FINAL REPORT (1989)

Settlement of bridge approaches is a widespread problem in many areas of the country representing a significant annual maintenance expense for state highway departments. This report presents the results of the first phase of a research project being conducted to identify contributing factors and evaluate possible solutions to the problem. Phase 1 of this project involved a review of available literature on the subject and a survey of organizations involved in construction and maintenance of bridges in order to establish the current state-of-the-art practice related to bridge approaches. Results of these tasks are discussed, along with results from field inspections of bridges in eastern Nebraska. The report identifies several areas where application of currently available technologies could have a significant impact on reducing the severity of the problem. Recommendations for implementing these technologies are provided. In addition, several approach elevation adjustment methods were suggested for further research.