gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance (2020)

Phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells occurs efficiently in vivo such that even in tissues with significant apoptosis, very few apoptotic cells are detectable1. This is thought to be due to the release of find-me signals by apoptotic cells that recruit motile phagocytes such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, leading to the prompt clearance of the dying cells2. However, the identity and in vivo relevance of such find-me signals are not well understood. Here, through several lines of evidence, we identify extracellular nucleotides as a critical apoptotic cell find-me signal. We demonstrate the caspase-dependent release of ATP and UTP (in equimolar quantities) during the early stages of apoptosis by primary thymocytes and cell lines. Purified nucleotides at these concentrations were sufficient to induce monocyte recruitment comparable to apoptotic cell supernatants. Enzymatic removal of ATP and UTP (by apyrase or ectopic CD39 expression) abrogated the ability of apoptotic cell supernatants to recruit monocytes in vitro and in vivo. We then identified the ATP/UTP receptor P2Y2 as a critical sensor of nucleotides released by apoptotic cells using RNAi depletion studies in monocytes, and macrophages from P2Y2-null mice3. The in vivo relevance of nucleotides in apoptotic cell clearance was revealed by two approaches. First, in a murine air-pouch model, apoptotic cell supernatants induced a three-fold greater recruitment of monocytes and macrophages compared to supernatants from healthy cells; this recruitment was abolished by depletion of nucleotides and significantly decreased in P2Y2−/− mice. Second, clearance of apoptotic thymocytes was significantly impaired by either depletion of nucleotides or interference with P2Y receptor function (by pharmacological inhibition, or in P2Y2−/− mice). These results identify nucleotides as a critical find-me cue released by apoptotic cells to promote P2Y2-dependent phagocyte recruitment, and provide strong evidence for a clear relationship between a find-me signal and efficient corpse clearance in vivo.
(3β,18β,20β)-<i>N</i>-Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-3-nitrato-11-oxoolean-12-ene-29-carboxamide methanol monosolvate (2012)

The title compound, C(34)H(52)N(2)O(7)·CH(4)O, is the methanol solvate of a difunctionalized derivative of the therapeutic agent 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, a penta-cyclic triterpene. The five six-membered rings of the glycyrrhetinic acid moiety show normal geometries, with four rings in chair conformations and the unsaturated ring in a half-chair conformation. This moiety is substituted by a nitrate ester group and an O-ethyl-glycine group. In the crystal, the nonsolvent mol-ecules are packed parallel to (010) in a herringbone fashion with the nitrato, ethyl-glycine and methanol-O atom being proximate. The methanol solvent mol-ecule is anchored via a donated O-H⋯O(ac-yl) and an accepted N-H⋯O hydrogen bond, giving rise to infinite zigzag chains of hydrogen bonds parallel to [100]. Two weak intermolecular C-H⋯O interactions to the methanol and to an acyl oxygen establish links along [100] and [010], respectively.
‘Quantum effects’ for classical light in modern waveguide circuits (2019)

Abstract Here we use approaches and concepts from quantum mechanics in order to analyze the propagation of classical electromagnetic waves in the elements of integrated optical circuits. These waveguide circuits are considered as potential wells between complex-shapes barriers formed by opaque media. This allowed us to construct in the framework of the slow-varying amplitude approximation for the wave equation an analogy between coherent oscillations in a quantum system and the redistribution in space of the field strength of a classical wave. We also demonstrated the methods to control the mode composition of a classical light in a spatially inhomogeneous waveguide structure. The proposed description was based on the analogy with Rabi-type oscillations in quantum mechanics.
Tamed Frequency Modulation, A Novel Method to Achieve Spectrum Economy in Digital Transmission (2009)

This paper describes a new type of frequency modulation, called Tamed Frequency Modulation (TFM), for digital transmission. The desired constraint of a constant envelope signal is combined with a maximum of spectrum economy which is of great importance, particularly in radio channels. The out-of-band radiation is substantially less as compared with other known constant envelope modulation techniques. With synchronous detection, a penalty of only 1 dB in error performance is encountered as compared with four-phase modulation. The idea behind TFM is the proper control of the frequency of the transmitter oscillator, such that the phase of the modulated signal becomes a smooth function of time with correlative properties. Simple and flexible implementation schemes are described.
Parallel transmission pulse design with explicit control for the specific absorption rate in the presence of radiofrequency errors (2016)

Purpose A new framework for the design of parallel transmit (pTx) pulses is presented introducing constraints for local and global specific absorption rate (SAR) in the presence of errors in the radiofrequency (RF) transmit chain. Methods The first step is the design of a pTx RF pulse with explicit constraints for global and local SAR. Then, the worst possible SAR associated with that pulse due to RF transmission errors (“worst-case SAR”) is calculated. Finally, this information is used to re-calculate the pulse with lower SAR constraints, iterating this procedure until its worst-case SAR is within safety limits. Results Analysis of an actual pTx RF transmit chain revealed amplitude errors as high as 8% (20%) and phase errors above 3° (15°) for spokes (spiral) pulses. Simulations show that using the proposed framework, pulses can be designed with controlled “worst-case SAR” in the presence of errors of this magnitude at minor cost of the excitation profile quality. Conclusion Our worst-case SAR-constrained pTx design strategy yields pulses with local and global SAR within the safety limits even in the presence of RF transmission errors. This strategy is a natural way to incorporate SAR safety factors in the design of pTx pulses.
Development of 3-Cylinder Rotary Compressor for Large Capacity (2021)

The authors have developed a large capacity rotary compressor with compact size and low vibration. Recently, we have strong requirements for larger capacity without changing the compressor shell diameter. Considering for larger capacity in conventional 2-cylinder rotary compressor inverter type, there are issues such as high vibration, big sound. As the solution for these problems, we have developed 3-cylinder rotary compressor inverter type which have different compression process of 120 ° phase per revolution for each cylinder. The developed compressor achieves a capacity target, proves one-quarter vibration level comparing with 2-cylinder rotary compressor and ensure the improvement of reliability result. We have been manufacturing the world largest capacity of new rotary compressor and have been launching into the market since September 2020. This new model has successfully attained more large capacity with same shell diameter as our previous large capacity of 2-cylinder rotary compressor inverter type. This new model adopt some new technologies such as the 3-cylinder design for balancing rotation torque, the multi discharge valve structure, the integrated bearing with partition plate and the new wide-range motor. By these technologies, the outdoor units of multiple air conditioner for buildings (Variable Refrigerant Flow-VRF) can achieve a large capacity 20 HP (56kW) with applying one compressor unit only.
Identification of Multiple Subclones in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified with Genomic Aberrations (2012)

Abstract Abstract 298 Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS) is a heterogeneous group of nodal and extra-nodal mature T-cell lymphomas that do not belong to any of the hitherto characterized T cell lymphoma subtypes. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). PTCL, NOS with genomic aberrations has been shown to resemble lymphoma-type ATLL in terms of genomic aberration patterns, histopathology and prognosis (Clin Cancer Res., 15:30–38). We have recently shown that a majority of patients with acute-type ATLL have multiple subclones that were likely produced in lymph nodes (Blood, 117:5473–5478). In this study, high-resolution oligo-array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was employed to determine whether PTCL, NOS with genomic aberrations also possesses multiple subclones as found in ATLL. Thirteen cases of PTCL, NOS were available for 44K high-resolution array CGH analysis. These samples analyzed in this study were shown to be monoclonal by Southern blot analysis. We obtained average log2 ratios of regions where aberrations continued over 400 probes and showed a linear average ratio of &gt;0.1 or &lt;-0.1. The log2 ratio imbalance was defined when a patient had a different average log2 ratio for gain or loss regions. The results showed that 11 of the 13 cases (84.6%) had a log2 ratio imbalance, suggesting that multiple subclones exist in PTCL, NOS with genomic aberrations. As previously demonstrated, the average log2 ratio of aberrant regions reflected the ratio of tumors (Blood, 117:5473–5478). In one case, as represented in Figure 1, all tumor cells had regions of loss on chromosomes 3 and 13. Fifty-four percent of tumor cells had a region of loss on chromosome 16, and 83% of tumor cells had loss on chromosome 17. It is therefore speculated that clonal evolution took place as shown in Figure 2. In an effort to examine the association between multiple subclones and prognosis, we used our previous BAC array data for 24 cases and found that the presence of multiple subclones was associated with a poor prognosis (p=0.0279) (Figure 3). Our finding concerning the presence of multiple subclones in PTCL, NOS and ATLL should assist greatly in revealing the mechanism of lymphoma development, progression and drug-resistance associated with these diseases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A single-blind comparison of topical erythromycin/zinc lotion and oral minocycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris (1993)

This single-blind multicentre study compared the efficacy of topical 4% erythromycin and 1.2% zinc complex (Zineryt) with 50 mg twice daily oral minocycline in patients with acne vulgaris over a 12-week period. Patients' acne improved on both treatments. The erythromycin/zinc complex was more effective in reducing the numbers of comedones by 4 weeks (P = 0.01, Wilcoxon's two-group test for unpaired data) and at 12 weeks (P = 0.004) and superficial inflamed lesions by 12 weeks (P = 0.02). There was no difference in the speed of onset of response to treatment and both treatments were well tolerated.
Characterization of an A-kinase anchoring protein-like suggests an alternative way of PKA anchoring in Plasmodium falciparum (2016)

PfAKAL is an atypical AKAP that shares common features with human AKAP18, such as nucleotides binding. The interaction of PfAKAL with PfPKA-R could be indirectly mediated through a join interaction with Pf14-3-3I. Therefore, PfPKA localization could not depend on PfAKAL, but rather involves other partners.
Contrast enhancement of mammography images using a fuzzy approach (2008)

In this paper, a fuzzy operator for contrast enhancement of mammography images is presented. This intensity modification method is effective and fast in computing. In this approach, the selection of appropriate parameters for the required transformations is performed based on the specific image characteristics. Images are first transformed using a fuzzification function. We then apply an algorithm for intensity adaptation based on involutive fuzzy complements and measures of fuzziness. Regarding to the amount of ambiguity the proposed technique detects the suitable form of the modification in the set of involutive membership function. Finally, the defuzzification procedure is performed to transform the modified image back to the spatial domain. The experimental results show that this method can enhance the region of interest in mammography images that is useful for breast cancer diagnosis.
Craniofacial Bone Reconstruction with a Novel Bioactive Composite Implant (2012)

A novel bioactive fiber-reinforced composite is presented to address some of the problems faced in current options for craniofacial bone reconstruction. A longitudinal clinical study with a follow-up time of 4 years was conducted. A cranial bone reconstruction with the implant was performed in 15 patients. The bone defects were the consequence of craniotomies performed due to traumatic and spontaneous intracranial bleeding as well as infections to primary reconstruction material. After the skull defect was characterized with three-dimensional computer tomography, a rapid prototype model of the skull was made from polyamide with a selective laser sintering method. This model was then used to manufacture a customized implant. The implant material consisted of a supporting fiber-reinforced framework, porous inner layers, and a bioactive glass (S53P4) filling. The framework and the porous layers were made of a Bis GMA-TEGDMA resin matrix, which was reinforced with salinazid E-glass. The implants were approximately 3.5 mm thick and in all cases fitted well with the defect. The composite structure of the implant allowed the biomechanical excellence of the fiber-reinforced structure to be coupled with the properties of bioactive glass. The results of the study were promising. In clinical examinations and skull x-rays, all of the implants were in original positions providing the expected functional and aesthetic outcome at all time points. No infections, skin problems, or hair growth distortions were reported. The implants functioned appropriately, providing a potential solution for craniofacial bone reconstruction in the future.
The HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir blocks osteoclastogenesis and function by impairing RANKL-induced signaling (2004)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which includes HIV protease inhibitors (PIs), has been associated with bone demineralization. To determine if this complication reflects accelerated resorptive activity, we studied the impact of two common HIV PIs, ritonavir and indinavir, on osteoclast formation and function. Surprisingly, we find that ritonavir, but not indinavir, inhibits osteoclast differentiation in a reversible manner and also abrogates bone resorption by disrupting the osteoclast cytoskeleton, without affecting cell number. Ritonavir given in vivo completely blunts parathyroid hormone-induced osteoclastogenesis in mice, which confirms that the drug is bone sparing. In keeping with its antiresorptive properties, ritonavir impairs receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand-induced (RANKL-induced) activation of NF-B and Akt signaling pathways, both critical to osteoclast formation and function. In particular, ritonavir is found to inhibit RANKL-induced Akt signaling by disrupting the recruitment of TNF receptor-associated factor 6/c-Src complex to lipid rafts. Thus, ritonavir may represent a bone-sparing PI capable of preventing development of osteopenia in patients currently on HAART.
A voltage control method using EVs in the power distribution system including a mass of PVs (2017)

This paper proposes a method to control the distribution line voltage utilizing EVs which are connected to the power distribution system. The proposed method adjusts the amount of charge or discharge power of EVs cooperative with PCSs. As a result, the distribution line voltage was maintained within the specified voltage range and the PV opportunity loss was reduced 30.3 points compared with the P control of PCSs. This paper clarifies that EVs are useful as the equipment for maintaining the voltage in the power distribution system.
ATF3 Suppresses Metastasis of Bladder Cancer by Regulating Gelsolin-Mediated Remodeling of the Actin Cytoskeleton (2013)

Bladder cancer is associated with high recurrence and mortality rates due to metastasis. The elucidation of metastasis suppressors may offer therapeutic opportunities if their mechanisms of action can be elucidated and tractably exploited. In this study, we investigated the clinical and functional significance of the transcription factor activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in bladder cancer metastasis. Gene expression analysis revealed that decreased ATF3 was associated with bladder cancer progression and reduced survival of patients with bladder cancer. Correspondingly, ATF3 overexpression in highly metastatic bladder cancer cells decreased migration in vitro and experimental metastasis in vivo. Conversely, ATF3 silencing increased the migration of bladder cancer cells with limited metastatic capability in the absence of any effect on proliferation. In keeping with their increased motility, metastatic bladder cancer cells had increased numbers of actin filaments. Moreover, ATF3 expression correlated with expression of the actin filament severing protein gelsolin (GSN). Mechanistic studies revealed that ATF3 upregulated GSN, whereas ATF3 silencing reduced GSN levels, concomitant with alterations in the actin cytoskeleton. We identified six ATF3 regulatory elements in the first intron of the GSN gene confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Critically, GSN expression reversed the metastatic capacity of bladder cancer cells with diminished levels of ATF3. Taken together, our results indicate that ATF3 suppresses metastasis of bladder cancer cells, at least in part through the upregulation of GSN-mediated actin remodeling. These findings suggest ATF3 coupled with GSN as prognostic markers for bladder cancer metastasis.
<i>In vitro</i> Antitumor Activity of TAS‐103, a Novel Quinoline Derivative That Targets Topoisomerases I and II (1999)

TAS-103 is a novel anticancer agent targeting both topoisomerase (Topo) I and Topo II, that stabilizes cleavable complexes of Topo-DNA at the cellular level. In this study, the in vitro antitumor effects of TAS-103 were compared with those of other known Topo I and Topo II inhibitors. TAS-103 inhibited DNA synthesis more strongly than RNA and protein synthesis, and induced an increase of cell population in the S-G2/M phase. The cytotoxicity of TAS-103 was strongest against S-phase cells, but its cell cycle phase specificity was not clear, and depended on drug concentration and exposure time. The cytotoxicity of TAS-103 (IC50: 0.0030-0.23 microM) against various tumor cell lines was much stronger than that of VP-16 and comparable to that of SN-38. The cytotoxicity of TAS-103 seemed to be more related to the amount of protein-DNA complexes than to the accumulation of TAS-103 in the cells. P-Glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated MDR, CDDP-resistant and 5-FU-resistant cell lines did not show cross-resistance to TAS-103. Although PC-7/CPT cells bearing a Topo I gene mutation showed cross-resistance to TAS-103, the sensitivity of P388/CPT, HT-29/CPT and St-4/CPT cells, showing decreased Topo I expression, was not changed. KB/VM4 and HT-29/Etp cells, showing decreased Topo II expression, were slightly cross-resistant to TAS-103. These results suggest that TAS-103 may act as an inhibitor of both Topo I and Topo II at the cellular level. This property may be responsible for its strong antitumor effect and broad-spectrum, growth-inhibitory effect on drug-resistant cell lines.
Modeling of structure, quality, and function in the orthodontic patient (2003)

The advantages of three-dimensional (3-D) imaging technology and solid modeling make it possible to visualize the morphological information. However, lacking in this 'digital patient' is the motion and mechanical properties observed in the living patient. Functional diagnostic techniques such as electromyography and motion analysis could complement the morphological characteristics to be applied in orthodontics. In this review, new computer-assisted analyzing methods are introduced which include visualization of: 1) the 3-D structure and bone density distribution; 2) masticatory-generated forces by using automated finite element modeling (FEM); and 3) the 3-D jaw movement and its motion analysis. In each study, the data from X-ray computed tomography scanning, electromyograms, biting pressure, and digital jaw movement analysis (six axes) are used for calculation. By using these applications, growing changes in bone mineral density distribution of the mandibular cortical bone have been clarified, automated finite element modeling has indicated stress distribution in the craniofacial skeleton, and patient-specific 3-D images of the mandible have been depicted as a motion picture. These studies were completed in 124 living subjects (75 females, 49 males) between 8 and 33 years of age. From these results, malfunctions during mastication were evaluated clearly with the individual patient craniofacial structures and its characteristics. These computer-based visualization techniques can be used to derive much clinically useful information, and to improve the combined evaluation of both static characteristics and dynamic function.
Hemorrhagic Complications Related to the Stent-Remodeled Coil Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms (2010)

Postprocedural intracranial hemorrhage may be a risk of stent-remodeled therapy while the patient is on dual-antiplatelet medication. Extra caution is warranted especially in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage requiring ventriculostomy or with underlying recent brain infarction.
A novel scale‐down mimic of perfusion cell culture using sedimentation in an automated microbioreactor (SAM) (2019)

Continuous upstream processing in mammalian cell culture for recombinant protein production holds promise to increase product yield and quality. To facilitate the design and optimization of large-scale perfusion cultures, suitable scale-down mimics are needed which allow high-throughput experiments to be performed with minimal raw material requirements. Automated microbioreactors are available that mimic batch and fed-batch processes effectively but these have not yet been adapted for perfusion cell culture. This article describes how an automated microbioreactor system (ambr15) can be used to scale-down perfusion cell cultures using cell sedimentation as the method for cell retention. The approach accurately predicts the viable cell concentration, in the range of about 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> cells/mL for a human cell line, and cell viability of larger scale cultures using a hollow fiber based cell retention system. While it was found to underpredict cell line productivity, the method accurately predicts product quality attributes, including glycosylation profiles, from cultures performed in bioreactors with working volumes between 1 L and 1,000 L. The spent media exchange method using the ambr15 was found to predict the influence of different media formulations on large-scale perfusion cultures in contrast to batch and chemostat experiments performed in the microbioreactor system. The described experimental setup in the microbioreactor allowed an 80-fold reduction in cell culture media requirements, half the daily operator time, which can translate into a cost reduction of approximately 2.5-fold compared to a similar experimental setup at bench scale.
Simulating electrical faults within future aircraft networks (2008)

There is a growing need for accurate and time efficient modelling of electrical distribution networks within the aerospace industry, for which power electronic converters are an integral part. Simplifying converter models is necessary to improve simulation execution times, however many existing techniques do not necessarily give accurate results for all types of system level studies. This paper describes an alternative modelling approach to these, which provides accurate results and reduced simulation times for studies of electrical fault analyses.