gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mammographic features associated with interval breast cancers in screening programs (2014)

Age and the dense and non-dense areas in the baseline mammogram were independently associated with interval breast cancers in screening programs. These results suggest that decreased detection of cancers caused by the area of dense tissue, and more rapid growth associated with a smaller non-dense area, may both contribute to risk of interval breast cancer. Tailoring screening to individual mammographic characteristics at baseline may reduce the number of interval cancers.
Yet Another Subspace Tracker (2006)

The paper introduces a new algorithm for tracking the dominant subspace of the correlation matrix associated with time series. This algorithm greatly outperforms many well-known subspace trackers in terms of subspace estimation. Moreover, it guarantees the orthonormality of the subspace weighting matrix at each iteration, and reaches the lowest complexity found in the literature.
The “new normal”: Adapting doctoral trainee career preparation for broad career paths in science (2017)

Doctoral recipients in the biomedical sciences and STEM fields are showing increased interest in career opportunities beyond academic positions. While recent research has addressed the interests and preferences of doctoral trainees for non-academic careers, the strategies and resources that trainees use to prepare for a broad job market (non-academic) are poorly understood. The recent adaptation of the Social Cognitive Career Theory to explicitly highlight the interplay of contextual support mechanisms, individual career search efficacy, and self-adaptation of job search processes underscores the value of attention to this explicit career phase. Our research addresses the factors that affect the career search confidence and job search strategies of doctoral trainees with non-academic career interests and is based on nearly 900 respondents from an NIH-funded survey of doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows in the biomedical sciences at two U.S. universities. Using structural equation modeling, we find that trainees pursuing non-academic careers, and/or with low perceived program support for career goals, have lower career development and search process efficacy (CDSE), and receive different levels of support from their advisors/supervisors. We also find evidence of trainee adaptation driven by their career search efficacy, and not by career interests.
Simultaneous conversion of NiPR3 and BH to NiH and BPR3 linkages by thermal rearrangement of d8 closo-bis(triarylphosphine)nickelacarboranes. Crystal and molecular structure of [closo-3-(.mu.-CO)-8-PPh3-3,1,2-NiC2B9H10]2: a dimeric nickelacarborane complex containing a metal-metal bond (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous conversion of NiPR3 and BH to NiH and BPR3 linkages by thermal rearrangement of d8 closo-bis(triarylphosphine)nickelacarboranes. Crystal and molecular structure of [closo-3-(.mu.-CO)-8-PPh3-3,1,2-NiC2B9H10]2: a dimeric nickelacarborane complex containing a metal-metal bondRick E. King III, Steven B. Miller, Carolyn B. Knobler, and M. Frederick HawthorneCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 24, 3548–3554Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00166a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (963 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Practical Synthesis of Ethyl 3-Fluoro-1-pyrrole-2-carboxylate: A Key Fragment of a Potent Drug Candidate against Hepatitis B Virus (2019)

We report herein the development of two efficient synthetic routes for the preparation of a key fragment required for the synthesis of potent drug candidates of Hepatitis B virus. The ethyl 3-fluoro-1-H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate scaffold was synthesized from readily available starting materials in good overall yields. The scalability of one of the developed routes was demonstrated and afforded the desired target in good yield and excellent purity (99%).
Combining Optical Imaging and Computational Modeling to Analyze Structure and Function of Living Neurons (2006)

We are investigating the computational properties of principal neurons in the mammalian brain. To manage the small size and intricate structure of neuronal dendrites, we employ advanced optical imaging techniques in combination with automatic image reconstruction and computational modeling to study their complex spatio-temporal pattern of activity.
Iridium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium Catalysts for the “Aldehyde–Water Shift” Reaction (2014)

A series of half-sandwich complexes of iridium, rhodium, and ruthenium are shown to be active catalysts for the conversion of aldehydes and water to carboxylic acids. Depending on the catalyst, H2 is either released (the “aldehyde–water shift”) or transferred to a second equivalent of aldehyde (aldehyde disproportionation). Mechanistic studies suggest hydride transfer to be the selectivity-determining step along the reaction pathway. Using [(p-cymene)Ru(bpy)OH2][OTf]2 as precatalyst, we demonstrate a novel example of a highly selective aldehyde–water shift in the absence of a hydrogen acceptor or base.
Sympatho‐inhibitory and Parasympatho‐excitatory Effects of N‐type Calcium Channel Blocker Antagonist for the Patients with Hypertension (2007)

Calcium channel blocker(CCB), widely used as anti‐hypertensive drug, is known not to decrease heart rate. Among CCB, N‐type CCB, Cilnidipine, is reported not to increase the heart rate. However, it has not been determined whether cilnidipine has the sympatho‐inhibitory effects or not. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cilnidipine on sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity, and baroreflex sensitivity. We studied 5 hypertensive patients treated with 10mg cilnidipine (10mg Group) and 5 hypertensive patients treated with 20mg cilnidipine (20mg Group). Before the treatment and 6 months after the treatment, we measured the blood pressure, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure variability (BPV). After 6 months, mean blood pressure (MBP) and the low‐frequency component of systolic BPV (LF‐SBP), as the parameter of sympathetic nerve activity, was significantly decreased in both groups, and the effects were stronger in 20mg group than in 10mg group (ΔSBP/SBP (before the treatment); −24% vs −13%, P&lt;0.01, ΔLF‐SBP/LF‐SBP (before the treatment); −48% vs −33%, P&lt;0.01) ). The high‐frequency component of HRV, as the parameter of parasympathetic nerve activity, and BRS were significantly increased in 20mg group, but not significant in 10mg group. These results suggest that 6 months treatment with cilnidipine for hypertension has the sympatho‐inhibtory effect, and 20mg cilnidipine improve the parasympathetic nerve activity and baroreflex sensitivity in patients with hypertension. We consider that cilnidipine is useful for the patients with hypertension, because the increase in sympathetic nerve activity cause various cardiovascular diseases and worse prognosis.
A General Catalytic Hydroamidation of 1,3‐Dienes: Atom‐Efficient Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐Allyl Heterocycles, Amides, and Sulfonamides (2014)

Transition-metal-catalyzed hydroamination reactions are sustainable and atom-economical CN bond-forming processes. Although remarkable progress has been made in the inter- and intramolecular amination of olefins and 1,3-dienes, related intermolecular reactions of amides are still much less known. Control of the regioselectivity without analogous telomerization is the particular challenge in the catalytic hydroamidation of alkenes and 1,3-dienes. Herein, we report a general protocol for the hydroamidation of electron-deficient N-heterocyclic amides and sulfonamides with 1,3-dienes and vinyl pyridines in the presence of a catalyst derived from [{Pd(π-cinnamyl)Cl}2 ] and ligand L7 or L10. The reactions proceeded in good to excellent yield with high regioselectivity. The practical utility of our method is demonstrated by the hydroamidation of functionalized biologically active substrates. The high regioselectivity for linear amide products makes the procedure useful for the synthesis of a variety of allylic amides.
Agent-based tactics for goal-oriented requirements elaboration (2002)

Goal orientation is an increasingly recognized paradigm for eliciting, structuring, analyzing and documenting system requirements. Goals are statements of intent ranging from high-level, strategic concerns to low-level, technical requirements on the software-to-be and assumptions on its environment. Achieving goals require the cooperation of agents such as software components, input/output devices and human agents. The assignment of responsibilities for goals to agents is a critical decision in the requirements engineering process as alternative agent assignments define alternative system proposals.The paper describes a systematic technique to support the process of refining goals, identifying agents, and exploring alternative responsibility assignments. The underlying principles are to refine goals until they are assignable to single agents, and to assign a goal to an agent only if the agent can realize the goal.There are various reasons why a goal may not be realizable by an agent, e.g., the goal may refer to variables that are not monitorable or controllable by the agent. The notion of goal realizability is first defined on formal grounds; it provides a basis for identifying a complete taxonomy of realizability problems. From this taxonomy we systematically derive a catalog of tactics for refining goals and identifying agents so as to resolve realizability problems. Each tactics corresponds to the application of a formal refinement pattern that relieves the specifier from verifying the correctness of refinements in temporal logic.Our techniques have been used in two case studies of significant size; excerpts are shown to illustrate the main ideas.
The expression of human interferon alpha genes (1984)

We have determined the levels of mRNAs for IFN-beta, IFN-gamma and various alpha-IFNs (IFN-alpha 1, -alpha 2, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, -alpha 6, -alpha 7, -alpha 8 and -alpha 14) in normal and leukaemic human blood leucocytes and several cell lines induced in different fashions. The ratio of alpha to beta IFN transcripts varied greatly, depending on the cell type. The levels of the individual IFN-alpha RNAs were very different: IFN-alpha 1, -alpha 2 and -alpha 4 RNAs constituted the major fraction of the IFN-alpha transcripts measured, while IFN-alpha 6, -alpha 7, -alpha 8 and -alpha 14 were minor components in normal, induced leucocytes. Moreover, there was a striking difference in the proportion of individual IFN-alpha mRNA species in different cell types, in particular between normal and leukaemic cells; for example all cases of myeloblastic leukaemia examined showed a high expression of IFN-alpha 14. Use of different induction protocols did not significantly affect the proportion of IFN mRNAs. Analysis of the human IFN-alpha 1 gene by reversed genetics led to the identification of a segment of 5' flanking sequence between positions 117 and 68 upstream of the cap site which is required for inducibility by virus.
Deep brain stimulation modulates nonsense-mediated RNA decay in Parkinson’s patients leukocytes (2013)

The study findings indicate a potential role for NMD both in PD and following electrical brain stimulation. Furthermore, our current observations entail future implications for developing therapies for PD, and for interfering with the impaired molecular mechanisms that underlie PD and other neurodegenerative and neurological disorders, as well as DBS-treatable conditions in general.
Cost‐effectiveness of Rotator Cuff Repair (SS‐28) (2013)

Approximately 270,000 rotator cuff repairs are performed per annum. However, there is scarce data regarding the cost-effectiveness of rotator cuff repairs. We assessed cost effectiveness of rotator cuff surgery accounting for complications and re-tear rates.
17<i>β</i>‐Estradiol regulates the expression of endothelin receptor type B in the heart (2003)

(1) Little is known about the interaction of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and the vasoactive endothelin system in the heart. Endothelin signaling is activated in a failing heart and may contribute to myocardial dysfunction and remodeling. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of proteins of the endothelin system (ppET-1, ECE and ETA-R and ETB-R) in the hearts of female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with respect to E2. (2) Relative expression levels of the respective cardiac mRNA obtained from sham-operated, ovariectomized and ovariectomized E2-substituted SHR were quantified by real-time PCR. Ovariectomy led to a significant upregulation of the ETB-R mRNA (2.6+/-0.8-fold) in the left ventricular myocardium, which was not attendant with an alteration of ETA-R, ECE and ppET-1 mRNA expression. (3) An upregulation of the relative expression level of ETB-R protein due to ovariectomy was also demonstrated by radioligand binding assay. (4) Upregulation of both ETB-R mRNA and ETB-R protein expression was completely inhibited by E2 replacement. (5) To confirm these results in in vitro experiments, we quantified the mRNA of ET-R subtypes from isolated cardiomyocytes in the presence and absence of E2 (10-8 m, 24 h). Our data showed a markedly downregulated level of ETB-R mRNA in cardiomyocytes stimulated with E2. ETB-R downregulation was not attendant with the alteration of ETA-R, ECE and ppET-1 mRNA expression. (6) Taken together, these data demonstrate that estrogen regulates the expression of ETB-R in rat ventricular myocardium in vivo and in vitro. These observations may help to understand gender-based differences found in cardiovascular disease.
Multiple metal-carbon bonds. 32. Rhenium(VII) neopentylidene and neopentylidyne complexes and the x-ray structure of Re(CCMe3)(CHCMe3)(C5H5N)2 (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple metal-carbon bonds. 32. Rhenium(VII) neopentylidene and neopentylidyne complexes and the x-ray structure of Re(CCMe3)(CHCMe3)(C5H5N)2D. Scott Edwards, Linda Vollaro Biondi, Joseph W. Zillen, Melvyn Rowen Churchill, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 11, 1505–1513Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/om50005a005Request reuse permissionsArticle Views381Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Wave shape analysis of seismic records at borehole of TTRH02 and IWTH25 (KiK-net) (2020)

The KiK-net by NIED is a vertical array measurement system. In the database of KiK-net, singular pulse waves were observed in the seismic record at the borehole of TTRH02 during the mainshock (the magnitude of Japan Meteorological Agency (MJ) 7.3, MW 6.8) and aftershock (Mj 4.2) of Tottori-ken Seibu earthquake in 2000. Singular pulse waves were also detected in the seismic records at the borehole of IWTH25 during the Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake in 2008 (MJ 7.2, MW 6.9). These pulse waves are investigated by using the wave shape analysis methods, e.g., the non-stationary Fourier spectra and the double integrated displacement profiles. Two types of vibration modes are discriminated as the occurrence mechanism of the singular pulse waves. One corresponds to the reversal points in the displacement profile with the amplitude from 10-4 m to 10-1 m, which is mainly related to the fault activity and the amplification pass including the mechanical amplification (collision) of the seismograph in the casing pipe. The other is the cyclic pulse waves in the interval of reversal points, which is estimated as the backlash of the seismograph itself with the amplitude from 10-5 m to 10-4 m.
Size Controlled Polymer Coated Nanoparticles as Efficient Compatibilizers for Polymer Blends (2012)

Polymer-coated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with controlled size and surface chemistry were successfully synthesized and applied to tailor the structures and properties of polytriphenylamine (PTPA) and polystyrene (PS) blends. Two different polymer-coated Au NPs with sizes of 5.9 nm (Au NP-1) and 20.7 nm (Au NP-2) were designed to be thermally stable above 200 °C and neutral to both PS and PTPA phases. Hence, both Au NPs localize at the PS/PTPA interface and function as compatibilizers in the PS/PTPA blend. To show the compatibilizing effect of the particles, the morphological behaviors of PS/PTPA blends containing different particle volume fractions (ϕ&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) of Au NPs were observed using cross-sectional TEM, and for quantitative analysis, the size distribution of PTPA droplets in the PS matrix was obtained for each sample. The number-average droplet diameter (&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) of the PTPA domain in the blend was dramatically reduced from 1.4 μm to 500 nm at a small ϕ&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; of 1.0 vol % Au NP-1. The same trend of decreasing &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; was also observed with the addition of larger Au NP-2, but a higher ϕ&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; was required to obtain the same amount of reduction in the PTPA droplet size. The ϕ&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; required to fully cover the PS/PTPA interface as a packed monolayer of Au NPs was calculated as 0.98 vol % for Au NP-1 and 3.38 vol % for Au NP-2, thus giving excellent agreement with critical ϕ&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; values for the saturation of the PTPA droplet diameter &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. To demonstrate the effectiveness of Au NPs as compatibilizers, polystyrene-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;-poly(triphenylamine) (PS-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;-PTPA) block copolymers were also synthesized and used as compatibilizers in the PS/PTPA blend. The decrease in &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; with the addition of PS-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;-PTPA was always smaller than that with addition of Au NP-1 at the same ϕ&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, indicating that Au NPs are more effective compatibilizers. This different behavior can be attributed to the presence of PS-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;-PTPA compatibilizers as micelles or free chains in the homopolymer matrix. In contrast, most Au NPs were strongly adsorbed to the PS/PTPA interface.
Hypoxic, glycolytic metabolism is a vulnerability of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia-initiating cells (2022)

High-risk forms of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remain a therapeutic challenge. Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) self-renew and spark relapse and therefore have been the subject of intensive investigation; however, the properties of LICs in high-risk B-ALL are not well understood. Here, we use single-cell transcriptomics and quantitative xenotransplantation to understand LICs in MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) B-ALL. Compared with reported LIC frequencies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), engraftable LICs in MLL-r B-ALL are abundant. Although we find that multipotent, self-renewing LICs are enriched among phenotypically undifferentiated B-ALL cells, LICs with the capacity to replenish the leukemic cellular diversity can emerge from more mature fractions. While inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation blunts blast proliferation, this intervention promotes LIC emergence. Conversely, inhibiting hypoxia and glycolysis impairs MLL-r B-ALL LICs, providing a therapeutic benefit in xenotransplantation systems. These findings provide insight into the aggressive nature of MLL-r B-ALL and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and glycolysis.
Effect of polymorphisms in folate-related genes on in vitro methotrexate sensitivity in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2005)

We studied whether common polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism affect methotrexate (MTX) sensitivity. Ex vivo MTX sensitivity of lymphoblasts obtained from pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 157) was determined by the in situ thymidylate synthase inhibition assay after either continuous (21 hours; TSI(50, cont)) or short-term (3 hours; TSI(50, short)) MTX exposure. DNA was isolated from lymphoblasts obtained from cytospin slides. Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C), methionine synthase (MTR 2756A>G), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR 66A>G), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1 1958G>A), serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT1 1420C>T), thymidylate synthase (TS 2R3R), and the reduced folate carrier (RFC 80G>A) were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) or real-time PCR. Patients with the MTHFR 1298AC variant or the MTRR 66 G-allele showed decreased in vitro MTX sensitivity measured under both test conditions. SHMT1 1420TT homozygotes only showed decreased MTX sensitivity in the TSI(50, cont). In conclusion, polymorphisms in the folate-related genes MTHFR, MTRR, and SHMT1 are related to MTX resistance in pediatric patients with ALL.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of Fluazinam and Related Fungicidal &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-phenylpyridinamines (1996)

Fluazinam [3-chloro-N-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-α, α, α-trifluoro-2, 6-dinitro-p-toluidine, Frowncide®, IKF-1216] およびその類縁体のうどんこ病, いもち病および紋枯病に対する防除活性についてのQSAR解析 (ALS法) を行ない, 灰色かび病での結果 (前報) と比較した. 灰色かび病の場合と異なり, うどんこ病ではベンゼン環3位の置換基効果は電子的, および疎水的パラメータで説明された. 作用メカニズムの可能性として, ラット肝ミトコンドリアで報告されている uncoupling 活性などが考えられる. 一方, いもち病, 紋枯病の場合には電子的, および疎水的パラメータとともに灰色かび病でも見いだされた特異的な効果を考慮することにより良好な結果が得られた. これらの菌では二つの作用メカニズムが働いている可能性が示唆された. 溶媒効果を考慮した分子軌道計算 (AMl-COSMO法) の結果, fluazinam ではプロトンの解離によって, 構造緩和と電荷の非局在化が起こることによって非極性環境下でも解離しやすくなっていることが確認された.