gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurogenin3 Activates the Islet Differentiation Program while Repressing Its Own Expression (2003)

Expression of the proendocrine factor Neurogenin3 determines which progenitor cells in the developing pancreas will differentiate into the endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhans. To better understand how Neurogenin3 directs endocrine differentiation, we examined the mechanisms by which Neurogenin3 regulates the promoters of three transcription factor genes expressed in endocrine precursor cells: the nkx2.2 gene, the PAX4 gene, and the NEUROG3 gene, the human gene encoding Neurogenin3 itself. The function of all three promoters depends on at least one critical E box, a common DNA sequence that forms a binding site for basic helix-loop-helix proteins like Neurogenin3. Neurogenin3 bound to and effectively activated transcription through the nkx2.2 and PAX4 E boxes. In contrast, Neurogenin3 strongly repressed the NEUROG3 promoter, although a proximal E box was required for activity in the absence of Neurogenin3, suggesting that a ubiquitous transcriptional activator may bind to this site, and that Neurogenin3 could act as a competitive inhibitor of this activator. This hypothesis was supported by the lack of evidence for significant intrinsic transcriptional repression capacity in the Neurogenin3 protein, and by the ability of isolated DNA-binding basic helix-loop-helix domains to repress the NEUROG3 promoter. Neurogenin3 produced additional repression, however, when the protein included an intact transcriptional activation domain, suggesting that it may also induce the expression of a downstream transcriptional repressor. In summary, while Neurogenin3 orchestrates islet cell differentiation by activating islet cell transcription factor genes, it simultaneously represses its own promoter.
Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Single-Crystalline Mn-Doped Ge Nanowires (2009)

We report on synthesis of Mn-doped Ge nanowires and their magnetic and electrical properties. The nanowires were grown on the silicon substrate by vapor−liquid−solid mechanism using Au as catalyst and GeCl4 and MnCl2 as precursor. Anomalous X-ray scattering measurement makes it clear that Mn atoms are substitutionally incorporated with the diamond network of host Ge sites. Superconducting quantum interference device characterization indicated that the nanowires possess ferromagnetism up to room temperature. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra at Mn L2,3-edges showed that doped Mn has local spin moment with the 3d5 electronic configuration above room temperature, meaning that the ferromagnetism originates from doped Mn2+ ions. Electrical characterization of a nanowire field effect transistor revealed the improved p-type behavior with hole mobility of 4.95 cm2/V·s.
Anti-Reflecting Absorbing Layers for Electrochemical and Biophotonic (2014)

Anti-reflecting layers deposited on flat surfaces make molecular films visible in reflecting light microscopy. For centuries, single Anti-Reflecting layers have been implicitly associated with dielectric materials. We recently demonstrated that anti-reflecting layers could be achieved out of absorbing materials such as metals as well, but only when used as backside layers where illumination and detection are performed through a supporting window. Fortunately, this corresponds to the best geometry when envisaging biophotonic or electrochemical applications at the solid/liquid interface. Here we explain how single absorbing anti-reflecting layers can serve each of these applications, and both simultaneously.
Application of Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification Assay for Genotyping Major Blood Group Systems Including DEL Variants in the D-Negative Korean Population (2017)

MLPA assay correctly determined RHD genotype, including RHD-CE-D hybrid alleles or RHD(1227G>A) allele, and other clinically relevant blood group genotypes in D-negative Koreans. The use of MLPA assay on serologically D-negative individuals may help improve transfusion safety by preventing anti-D alloimmunization.
Phonon-emission rate in two-dimensional semiconductor microstructures (1986)

We include the degeneracy effect in the calculation of LO-phonon-emission rate by high-energy (E&gt;\ensuremath{\Elzxh}${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{LO}}$) electrons in quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor microstructures. We show that proper inclusion of Fermi statistics affects the two-dimensional phonon-emission rate at the threshold. The emission rate at low temperatures is significantly reduced because of the degeneracy effect and is comparable to the corresponding three-dimensional result.
Recovery of Actinides and Noble Metals from HLW by Neutral Organophosphorus Extractants (2002)

The extraction Ru complexes with nonferrous metals by different-radical phosphine oxide (POR) and diphenyl-N,N-dibutylcarbamoylmethylene phospine oxide (Ph2Bu2) from simulated solutions and actual radioactive wastes was studied. It was shown that ruthenium can be extracted from acidic wastes together with actinides not only by POR but by Ph2Bu2 as well.
Magnetotransport studies of mobility limiting mechanisms in undoped Si/SiGe heterostructures (2015)

We perform detailed magnetotransport studies on two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) formed in undoped Si/SiGe heterostructures in order to identify the electron mobility limiting mechanisms. By analyzing data from 26 different heterostructures, we observe a strong correlation between the background oxygen concentration in the Si quantum well and the maximum mobility. The highest-quality wafer supports a 2DEG with mobility $\ensuremath{\mu}=160\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}000 \mathrm{cm}{}^{2}/\mathrm{Vs}$ at a density $n=2.17\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}/\mathrm{cm}{}^{2}$ and exhibits a metal-to-insulator transition at a critical density ${n}_{c}=0.46\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}/\mathrm{cm}{}^{2}$. We extract a valley splitting ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{v}\ensuremath{\sim}150\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{eV}$ at a magnetic field $B=1.8$ T. These results provide evidence that undoped Si/SiGe heterostructures are suitable for the fabrication of few-electron quantum dots.
The Basal Promoters for the Human Reduced Folate Carrier Gene Are Regulated by a GC-box and a cAMP-response Element/AP-1-like Element (2001)

Our laboratory previously identified two functional promoters (designated A and B) for the human reduced folate carrier (hRFC) gene that result in hRFC transcripts with differing 5'-untranslated regions. By transiently transfecting HT1080 and HepG2 cells with a series of 5' and 3' deletions in the hRFC-B and -A promoters, the minimal promoters were localized within 46 and 47 base pairs, respectively. Gel mobility shift assays with the hRFC-B basal promoter region revealed specific DNA-protein complexes involving a highly conserved GC-box and Sp1 or Sp3. In Drosophila SL2 cells, both Sp1 and the long Sp3 isoform potently transactivated the hRFC-B basal promoter; however, the short Sp3 isoforms were transcriptionally inert and resulted in a potent inhibition of Sp1 transactivation. For the hRFC-A basal promoter, a CRE/AP-1-like element was bound by the bZip superfamily of DNA-binding proteins. Cell-specific DNA-protein complexes were identified for hRFC-A (CREB-1 and c-Jun in HT1080 cells; CREB-1 and ATF-1 in HepG2 cells). When the GC-box and CRE/AP-1-like elements were mutated, a 60--90% decrease in promoter activity was observed in both cell lines. These results identify the critical regulatory regions for the hRFC basal promoters and stress the functional importance of the Sp and bZip families of transcription factors in regulating hRFC expression.
High-Luminance Blue-Emitting BaAl<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>:Eu Thin-Film Electroluminescent Devices (1999)

The high-luminance blue emitting electroluminescent (EL) devices which have been satisfied with the requirement for full color displays were obtained. BaAl 2 S 4 :Eu thin-film EL devices as the new blue emitting EL phosphor was prepared by the two targets pulse-electron-beam evaporation. The maximum luminance level was 65 cd/m 2 under the 50 Hz-pulse voltage. The EL spectrum had a blue emission band with a peak around 475 nm due to the 5d-4f transition for Eu 2+ ion. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates of BaAl 2 S 4 :Eu EL device were x =0.12 and y =0.10.
Design of a sensor to predict arcing faults in nuclear switchgear (2003)

The U.S. Navy made a major step forward in the protection of switchgear from arcing faults with the installation of arc fault detection systems beginning in 1990. These systems have a proven history of responding to arcs quickly enough to minimize damage and have reliability high enough to be certified for use in nuclear reactor power systems. However, all damage is not eliminated and loss of power never occurs at a convenient time. The predominant cause of arcing failures in Navy switchboards has been identified. Test data that confirms how these failures develop will be discussed. A low-cost sensor has been designed that will allow the detection of the majority of impending arcing failures by performing continuous thermal monitoring of the switchboard. A single detector can determine if a connection within the switchboard has exceeded 300/spl deg/C, which is well below the 1083/spl deg/C needed to melt copper. The operator is notified upon the detection of an impending failure and corrective action can be taken before arcing occurs. Details of the development of the sensor will be discussed.
Saracatinib (AZD0530) is a potent modulator of ABCB1‐mediated multidrug resistance<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2012)

Saracatinib, a highly selective, dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor, is currently in a Phase II clinical trial for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In our study, we investigated the effect of saracatinib on the reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR) induced by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that saracatinib significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of ABCB1 substrate drugs in ABCB1 overexpressing HeLa/v200, MCF-7/adr and HEK293/ABCB1 cells, an effect that was stronger than that of gefitinib, whereas it had no effect on the cytotoxicity of the substrates in ABCC1 overexpressing HL-60/adr cells and its parental sensitive cells. Additionally, saracatinib significantly increased the doxorubicin (Dox) and Rho 123 accumulation in HeLa/v200 and MCF-7/adr cells, whereas it had no effect on HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, saracatinib stimulated the ATPase activity and inhibited photolabeling of ABCB1 with [(125)I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the homology modeling predicted the binding conformation of saracatinib within the large hydrophobic drug-binding cavity of human ABCB1. However, neither the expression level of ABCB1 nor the phosphorylation level of Akt was altered at the reversal concentrations of saracatinib. Importantly, saracatinib significantly enhanced the effect of paclitaxel against ABCB1-overexpressing HeLa/v200 cancer cell xenografts in nude mice. In conclusion, saracatinib reverses ABCB1-mediated MDR in vitro and in vivo by directly inhibiting ABCB1 transport function, without altering ABCB1 expression or AKT phosphorylation. These findings may be helpful to attenuate the effect of MDR by combining saracatinib with other chemotherapeutic drugs in the clinic.
Inner tegument proteins of Herpes Simplex Virus are sufficient for intracellular capsid motility in neurons but not for axonal targeting (2017)

Upon reactivation from latency and during lytic infections in neurons, alphaherpesviruses assemble cytosolic capsids, capsids associated with enveloping membranes, and transport vesicles harboring fully enveloped capsids. It is debated whether capsid envelopment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is completed in the soma prior to axonal targeting or later, and whether the mechanisms are the same in neurons derived from embryos or from adult hosts. We used HSV mutants impaired in capsid envelopment to test whether the inner tegument proteins pUL36 or pUL37 necessary for microtubule-mediated capsid transport were sufficient for axonal capsid targeting in neurons derived from the dorsal root ganglia of adult mice. Such neurons were infected with HSV1-ΔUL20 whose capsids recruited pUL36 and pUL37, with HSV1-ΔUL37 whose capsids associate only with pUL36, or with HSV1-ΔUL36 that assembles capsids lacking both proteins. While capsids of HSV1-ΔUL20 were actively transported along microtubules in epithelial cells and in the somata of neurons, those of HSV1-ΔUL36 and -ΔUL37 could only diffuse in the cytoplasm. Employing a novel image analysis algorithm to quantify capsid targeting to axons, we show that only a few capsids of HSV1-ΔUL20 entered axons, while vesicles transporting gD utilized axonal transport efficiently and independently of pUL36, pUL37, or pUL20. Our data indicate that capsid motility in the somata of neurons mediated by pUL36 and pUL37 does not suffice for targeting capsids to axons, and suggest that capsid envelopment needs to be completed in the soma prior to targeting of herpes simplex virus to the axons, and to spreading from neurons to neighboring cells.
Biomechanical Analysis of Hill‐Sachs Lesions: Injuries and Repair using Osteoarticular Allograft Transplantation (SS‐02) (2006)

Background: Multiple centers have attempted to determine the resistance to displacement and ultimate strength of the nearly infinite number of anterior labral repair techniques. However, to our knowledge the actual forces encountered after labral repair have not yet been determined.
Enzymatic cleavage of uracil-containing single-stranded DNA linkers for the efficient release of affinity-selected circulating tumor cells (2015)

We report a novel strategy to enzymatically release affinity-selected cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), from surfaces with high efficiency (∼90%) while maintaining cell viability (>85%). The strategy utilizes single-stranded DNAs that link a capture antibody to the surfaces of a CTC selection device. The DNA linkers contain a uracil residue that can be cleaved.
636 Application of Sound Absorbing Perforated Panel with cross flow to Dissipative silencer (2008)

This paper proposed a new method which can reduce the noise in the duct by use of the perforated panel. First, in order to analyze the acoustic field in the duct with the perforated panel, the theory of the acoustic property of the perforated panel was established and the validity of the theory was checked by calculation and experiment. Second, in order to calculate the acoustic field in the duct by boundary element method (BEM) more exactly than the conventionally method, new analysis methods on BEM were proposed which can calculate the acoustic filed including the effect of the sound attenuation on the rigid wall and can calculate the acoustic field separated by the perforated panel. Finally, noise reduction performance of the perforated panel was measured by use of an experimental apparatus imitated a fan duct and was calculated by BEM, and results of the experiment and calculation showed the effectiveness of attaching the perforated panel to the duct.
Three-Dimensional Morphology of GaP−GaAs Nanowires Revealed by Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography (2007)

We have investigated the morphology of heterostructured GaP-GaAs nanowires grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy as a function of growth temperature and V/III precursor ratio. The study of heterostructured nanowires with transmission electron microscopy tomography allowed the three-dimensional morphology to be resolved, and discrimination between the effect of axial (core) and radial (shell) growth on the morphology. A temperature- and precursor-dependent structure diagram for the GaP nanowire core morphology and the evolution of the different types of side facets during GaAs and GaP shell growth were constituted.
Molecular Dynamics via Magnetic Resonance, Viscoelastic, and Dielectric Relaxation Phenomena (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Fluctuation–Dissipation Overview Brief Introduction to Quantum Statistical Mechanics The Ergodic Problem of Statistical Thermodynamics NMR Relaxation via Spin Temperature Equilibration with the Lattice Analysis of Spin–Lattice Relaxation Rates via Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory and the Density Matrix Classical Description of Stress Relaxation via Autocorrelation of the End-to-End Chain Vector and the Fluctuation–Dissipation Theorem Comparisons Among NMR, Mechanical, and Dielectric Relaxation via Molecular Motion in Polymeric Materials: Activated Rate Processes Activation Energies for the Aging Process in Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate Complex Impedance Analysis of Dielectric Relaxation Measurements via Electrical Analogs of the Maxwell and Voigt Models of Linear Viscoelastic Response Thermally Stimulated Discharge Currents in Polarized Dielectric Materials Summary References
Improved Gene Transfer Into Baboon Marrow Repopulating Cells Using Recombinant Human Fibronectin Fragment CH-296 in Combination With Interleukin-6, Stem Cell Factor, FLT-3 Ligand, and Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor (1998)

We have used a competitive repopulation assay in baboons to develop improved methods for hematopoietic stem cell transduction and have previously shown increased gene transfer into baboon marrow repopulating cells using a gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV)-pseudotype retroviral vector (Kiem et al, Blood 90:4638, 1997). In this study using GALV-pseudotype vectors, we examined additional variables that have been reported to increase gene transfer into hematopoietic progenitor cells in culture for their ability to increase gene transfer into baboon hematopoietic repopulating cells. Baboon marrow was harvested after in vivo administration (priming) of stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). CD34-enriched marrow cells were divided into two equal fractions to directly compare transduction efficiencies under different gene transfer conditions. Transduction by either incubation with retroviral vectors on CH-296-coated flasks or by cocultivation on vector-producing cells was studied in five animals; in one animal, transduction on CH-296 was compared with transduction on bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated flasks. The highest level of gene transfer was obtained after 24 hours of prestimulation followed by 48 hours of incubation on CH-296 in vector-containing medium in the presence of multiple hematopoietic growth factors (interleukin-6, stem cell factor, FLT-3 ligand, and megakaryocyte growth and development factor). Using these conditions, up to 20% of peripheral blood and marrow cells contained vector sequences for more than 20 weeks, as determined by both polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. Gene transfer rates were higher for cells transduced on CH-296 as compared with BSA or cocultivation. In one animal, we have used a vector expressing a cell surface protein (human placental alkaline phosphatase) and have detected 10% and 5% of peripheral blood cells expressing the transduced gene 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation as measured by flow cytometry. In conclusion, the conditions described here have resulted in gene transfer rates that will allow detection of transduced cells by flow cytometry to facilitate the evaluation of gene expression. The levels of gene transfer obtained with these conditions suggest the potential for therapeutic efficacy in diseases affecting the hematopoietic system.
Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) ved evaluering av perfusjons-endringer etter et lokalt vevstraume i hud (1992)

Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) ved evaluering av perfusjons-endringer etter et lokalt vevstraume i hud
The State of Dy Incorporated in SrAl2O4 Crystals by Low-temperature Annealing and Its Photoluminescence and Afterglow Properties (2022)

Abstract We synthesized SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy by a polymerized complex method with low-temperature annealing and investigated the effect of this annealing treatment on the state of Dy incorporated in SrAl2O4 sintered at 1080 °C. At 4%, Dy was incorporated completely in the SrAl2O4 when pre-annealed at 650 °C (3 h) followed by 750 °C (3 h). Photoluminescence and afterglow properties improved owing to pre-annealing. The results indicate that annealing at an appropriate temperature enables high doping and homogeneous Dy distribution in the crystals.
Bimolecular hydrogen transfer in phenalene by a stepwise ene-like reaction mechanism (2010)

For the hydrogen transfer of phenalene, a bimolecular ene-like mechanism is proposed, which is preferable over the hypothesized unimolecular rearrangement in the literature. Unique SOMO–SOMO π-bonding of phenalenyl reduces the barriers of pericyclic reactions significantly. π-bonding between radicals is being recognized as a novel type of bonding interaction. This paper adds to the use of this interaction by pointing out its effect on reaction barriers.
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Configuration of Octanol Derivatives in Apple Fruits. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multi-scale predictive modeling of nano-material and realistic electron devices (2010)

Among the challenges faced in further miniaturization of electronic devices, heavy influence of the detailed atomic configuration of the material(s) involved, which often differs significantly from that of the bulk material(s), is prominent. Device design has therefore become highly interrelated with material engineering at the atomic level. This thesis aims at outlining, with examples, a multi-scale simulation procedure that allows one to integrate material and device aspects of nano-electronic design to predict behavior of novel devices with novel material. This is followed in four parts: (1) An approach that combines a higher time scale reactive force field analysis with density functional theory to predict structure of new material is demonstrated for the first time for nanowires. Novel stable structures for very small diameter silicon nanowires are predicted. (2) Density functional theory is used to show that the new nanowire structures derived in 1 above have properties different from diamond core wires even though the surface bonds in some may be similar to the surface of bulk silicon. (3) Electronic structure of relatively large-scale germanium sections of realistically strained Si/strained Ge/ strained Si nanowire heterostructures is computed using empirical tight binding and it is shown that the average non-homogeneous strain in these structures drives their interesting non-conventional electronic characteristics such as hole effective masses which decrease as the wire cross-section is reduced. (4) It is shown that tight binding, though empirical in nature, is not necessarily limited to the material and atomic structure for which the parameters have been empirically derived, but that simple changes may adapt the derived parameters to new bond environments. Si (100) surface electronic structure is obtained from bulk Si parameters.
Image processing technique for an underwater modulated pulse laser imaging system (2018)

This work presents a processing technique for enhancing images collected by an underwater modulated pulse laser imaging system. Laser-based sensors offer high-resolution and high-accuracy ranging in the underwater environment. However, these capabilities can be degraded in turbid waters due to scattering. This work presents experimental results demonstrating an image processing technique that reduces the effects of both backscatter and forward scatter. Without the use of gating, filtering, or a priori information, the processing technique can generate useful imagery to 6.9 attenuation lengths in a controlled laboratory environment.