gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OCULOMOTOR REHABILITATION FOR READING IN ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY. (2002)

The purpose of this study was to assess reading-related oculomotor rehabilitation in individuals with acquired brain injury. Adults with either stroke (n=5) or traumatic brain injury (n=9) participated. Training paradigms included single-line and multiple-line simulated reading, as well as basic versional tracking (fixation, saccade, and pursuit), twice per week over an 8 week period. Training modes included normal internal oculomotor visual feedback either in isolation (4 weeks) or concurrent with external oculomotor auditory feedback (4 weeks). Training effects were assessed objectively using infrared eye movement recording technology for simulated and actual reading, with the assessments occurring before, midway, and after training. In addition, the individuals were assessed subjectively using a reading rating-scale questionnaire. All reported considerably improved reading ability, and this was confirmed by several of the objective oculomotor measures. There was a trend for improvement to be better with the combined visual and auditory oculomotor feedback. Reading-related oculomotor rehabilitation produced significant gains in both the subjective and objective domains. It is believed that rapid saccadic oculomotor adaptation, as well as the training of rhythmicity and automaticity, were involved in modifying eye movement behavior to produce a more systematic approach and resultant improved reading profile.
Exponential family sparse coding with applications to self-taught learning (2009)

Sparse coding is an unsupervised learning algorithm for finding concise, slightly higher-level representations of inputs, and has been successfully applied to self-taught learning, where the goal is to use unlabeled data to help on a supervised learning task, even if the unlabeled data cannot be associated with the labels of the supervised task [Raina et al., 2007]. However, sparse coding uses a Gaussian noise model and a quadratic loss function, and thus performs poorly if applied to binary valued, integer valued, or other non-Gaussian data, such as text. Drawing on ideas from generalized linear models (GLMs), we present a generalization of sparse coding to learning with data drawn from any exponential family distribution (such as Bernoulli, Poisson, etc). This gives a method that we argue is much better suited to model other data types than Gaussian. We present an algorithm for solving the L1regularized optimization problem defined by this model, and show that it is especially efficient when the optimal solution is sparse. We also show that the new model results in significantly improved self-taught learning performance when applied to text classification and to a robotic perception task. 1
Proposal for Deep-UV Emission from a Near-Infrared AlN/GaN-Based Quantum Cascade Device Using Multiple Photon Up-Conversion (2023)

We propose the use of an n-doped periodic AlN/GaN quantum cascade structure for the optical up-conversion of multiple near-infrared (near-IR) photons into deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) radiation. Without applying an external bias voltage, the active region of such a device will (similar to an un-biased quantum cascade laser) resemble a sawtooth-shaped inter-subband structure. A carefully adjusted bias voltage then converts this sawtooth pattern into a ‘quantum-stair’. Illumination with λ = 1.55 µm radiation results in photon absorption thereby lifting electrons from the ground state of each main well into the first excited state. Three additional GaN quantum wells per period then provide by LO-phonon-assisted tunneling a diagonal transfer of these electrons towards the ground level of the neighboring period. From there, the next near-infrared (near-IR) photon absorption, electron excitation, and partial relaxation takes place. After 12 such absorption, transfer, and relaxation processes, the excited electrons have gained a sufficiently high amount of energy to undergo in the final AlN-based p-type contact layer an electron-hole band-to-band recombination. By employing this procedure, multiple near-IR photons will be up-converted to produce deep-UV radiation. Since for a wavelength of 1.55 µm very powerful near-IR pump lasers are readily available, such an up-conversion device will (even at a moderate overall conversion efficiency) potentially result in an equal or even higher output power than the one of an AlN-based p-n-junction light-emitting diode. The proposed structures are therefore very interesting for applications such as ultra-high-resolution photolithography or printing, water purification, medical equipment disinfection, white light generation, or the automotive industry.
Reconfigurable orbital-angular-momentum manipulation and switching of polarization-multiplexed 100-Gbit/s QPSK data channels (2013)

We demonstrate a scheme that can arbitrarily manipulate the orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) and the polarization of each data channel in an OAM- and polarization-multiplexed communication system. A manipulation-induced power penalty of <; 1dB is observed when 100 Gbit/s Quadrature-phase-shift-keying data is carried on each channel.
Basic investigations for controlling the laser spot-welding process when packaging 3-dimensional molded interconnect devices (2004)

This paper deals with basic investigations in order to control the laser spot micro welding process when packaging electronic components onto three dimensional molded interconnect devices (3-D MID) or flexible printed circuit boards. A wide range of experiments has been carried out for both successful and fail welds. Typical failures appearing during welding are either damage of the circuit board due to overpower or loss of connection between the welded components due to gap formation between the leads of the component and the circuit board. The optical radiation emitted from the process was firstly measured off-axially and co-axially with a spectrometer. To aid the spectrometric analysis, an optical sensor based on a silicon photo diode and an appropriate optical filter was applied for detecting the emitted radiation. The signal was acquired, analyzed, and saved using a dedicated software program. Changes in the detected radiation due to different weld conditions were evaluated. Moreover, the weld quality was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) measurements and cross-sectional analysis. A correlation has been found between the signal course and the weld quality. Primarily, there are three relevant signal phases (high peak, flat stage, and small peak) appearing during the weld. Any changes in the characteristic signal during these process phases can be used to predict the quality of the welds.
Entry to Chiral 1,1,2,3-Tetrasubstituted Arylcyclopropanes by Pd(II)-Catalyzed Arylation via Directing Group-Mediated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H Activation (2017)

Here we report the construction of highly functionalized chiral 1,1,2,3-tetrasubstituted arylcyclopropanes of medicinal chemical importance using Pd(II)-catalyzed arylation via directing group-mediated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H activation. The key aspect for the effective arylation was control of the substrate conformation based on the characteristic steric and stereoelectronic features of cyclopropane by manipulating the protecting group at the hydroxyl. The arylation with good functional group tolerance is pivotal as the first entry to chiral 1,1,2,3-tetrasubstituted arylcyclopropanes with wide variety of aryl groups, including heteroaryl groups.
Integral Imaging Multi-View 3D Display (2017)

Multiview 3D display system consisting of the modules of capturing three-dimensional objects, image processing and display screen is developed. Multi-projector system with four projectors is designed and 3D images on 30-inch screen are demonstrated.
A Pre-Workout Supplement of Ketone Salts, Caffeine, and Amino Acids Improves High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Keto-Naïve and Keto-Adapted Individuals (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Acute ingestion of ketone supplements alters metabolism and potentially exercise performance. No studies to date have evaluated the impact of co-ingestion of ketone salts with caffeine and amino acids on high intensity exercise performance, and no data exists in Keto-Adapted individuals.<b>Methods:</b> We tested the performance and metabolic effects of a pre-workout supplement containing beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) salts, caffeine, and amino acids (KCA) in recreationally-active adults habitually consuming a mixed diet (Keto-Naïve; n = 12) or a ketogenic diet (Keto-Adapted; n = 12). In a randomized and balanced manner, subjects consumed either the KCA consisting of ∼7 g BHB (72% R-BHB and 28% S-BHB) with ∼100 mg of caffeine, and amino acids (leucine and taurine) or Water (control condition) 15 minutes prior to performing a staged cycle ergometer time to exhaustion test followed immediately by a 30 second Wingate test.<b>Results:</b> Circulating total BHB concentrations increased rapidly after KCA ingestion in KN (154 to 732 μM) and KA (848 to 1,973 μM) subjects and stayed elevated throughout recovery in both groups. Plasma S-BHB increased >20-fold 15 minutes after KCA ingestion in both groups and remained elevated throughout recovery. Compared to Water, KCA ingestion increased time to exhaustion 8.3% in Keto-Naïve and 9.8% in Keto-Adapted subjects (P < 0.001). There was no difference in power output during the Wingate test between trials. Peak lactate immediately after exercise was higher after KCA (∼14.9 vs 12.7 mM).<b>Conclusion:</b> These results indicate that pre-exercise ingestion of a moderate dose of R- and S-BHB salts combined with caffeine, leucine and taurine improves high-intensity exercise performance to a similar extent in both Keto-Adapted and Keto-Naïve individuals.
Performance Evaluation of High Quality HFW Linepipe by a Series of Full-Scale Pipe Tests (2014)

Newly-developed high quality high frequency electric resistance welded (HFW) linepipes have recently been used in pipelines in reel-lay applications and low temperature service environments because of their excellent low temperature weld toughness and cost effectiveness. In order to clarify the safety performance of these HFW linepipes, a series of full-scale tests including a hydrostatic burst test at low temperature, fatigue test and tension test under high internal pressure was conducted, together with small-scale tests such as impact energy and standard fracture toughness tests, which are generally used in mill production and pre-qualification tests. The Charpy transition curve of the developed HFW pipe occurred at a temperature much lower than −45°C. Based on the low-temperature hydrostatic burst test with a notched weld seam at −45°C, the weld of the HFW linepipe presented the same level of leak-before-break (LBB) behavior, as observed in UOE pipes. A full-pipe fatigue test of HFW pipes with repeated internal pressurizing was conducted. The fatigue strength of the developed HFW linepipe shows better performance than butt weld joints because of the smoothness at its weld portion, which is achieved by mechanical grinding of the weld reinforcement. Full-scale pipe tensile tests of girth welded joints were performed with an artificial surface notch at the heat affected zone in the girth weld. The influence of internal pressure was clearly observed in these tests. Based on the above-mentioned full-scale tests, the safety performance of high quality HFW linepipe is discussed in comparison with the mechanical properties in the small-scale tests such as the Charpy and standard fracture toughness tests, especially when the notch was placed in the welded seam.
Short Total Synthesis of Δ<sup>12</sup>-Prostaglandin J<sub>2</sub> and Related Prostaglandins. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Macrocyclic Δ<sup>12</sup>-Prostaglandin J<sub>2</sub> Analogues (2018)

Comprised of a large collection of structurally diverse molecules, the prostaglandins exhibit a wide range of biological properties. Among them are Δ<sup>12</sup>-prostaglandin J<sub>2</sub> (Δ<sup>12</sup>-PGJ<sub>2</sub>) and Δ<sup>12</sup>-prostaglandin J<sub>3</sub> (Δ<sup>12</sup>-PGJ<sub>3</sub>), whose unusual structural motifs and potent cytotoxicities present unique opportunities for chemical and biological investigations. Herein, we report a short olefin-metathesis-based total synthesis of Δ<sup>12</sup>-PGJ<sub>2</sub> and its application to the construction of a series of designed analogues possessing monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric macrocyclic lactones consisting of units of this prostaglandin. Biological evaluation of these analogues led to interesting structure-activity relationships and trends and the discovery of a number of more potent antitumor agents than their parent naturally occurring molecules.
New disc-based technologies for diagnostic and research applications (2002)

The role of genotypic analysis in disease diagnostics and drug response assessment is continually expanding. New genomic discoveries combined with new, novel technologies may provide a greater range of testing capabilities in the near future. We describe the application of nanotechnology, in which DNA microarrays have been placed in a microchannel environment that can be read and analyzed in an optical (CD/DVD) disc drive system. The potential exists to combine molecular and immunological applications together into a rapid, low-cost, high-capacity screening platform. The relevance of this technology is discussed in respect to infectious agent detection, pharmacogenomics, neurogenomics and genetic variations associated with neurologic diseases.
Toward standardized amino acid matrices for exogenous phytase and protease in corn–soybean meal–based diets for broilers (2020)

A total of 468 male Ross 308 broilers were used in a digestibility study to determine the additivity of apparent or standardized amino acid (AA) digestibility values for corn, soybean meal (SBM), or a mixture of corn and SBM that were supplemented, or not, with either phytase, protease, or a combination of phytase and protease. These treatments generated a total of 12 experimental diets that were arranged in a 3 × 4 design. A nitrogen-free diet was also fed to estimate endogenous AA loss. Apparent and standardized AA digestibility values were assessed on day 28 posthatch. The apparent digestibility of AA in the complete diet was higher (P < 0.05) than expected based on the digestibility of the corn and SBM individually. However, this overestimation was corrected by the adjustment to standardized values. Importantly, addition of protease or the combination of protease and phytase increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of AA in corn and SBM. Furthermore, these effects were arithmetically coherent with respect to the measured effects of the enzymes in the mixture of corn and SBM, even improving the additivity of AA digestibility values when assessed on an apparent basis. This study demonstrates that the effect of exogenous protease and phytase on AA digestibility in complete diets is predictable based on measurements made in individual ingredients. In addition to improving digestibility values per se, exogenous protease and phytase may enhance precision in least cost formulation systems.
Effect of interfacial layers on dielectric properties in very thin SrBi2Ta2O9 capacitors (2001)

The effect of interfacial layers on the dielectric properties in very thin SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) capacitors has been investigated using static measurements. Total permittivity (εt) decreased as the film thickness was reduced in both Pt/SBT/Pt and Ir/SBT/Pt capacitors. The contribution of the interfacial capacitance (Cint) and bulk capacitance to the total capacitance indicates that Cint of the Ir/SBT/Pt structure was lower than that of the Pt/SBT/Pt structure, while the bulk permittivity (εb) was essentially the same. The dispersion of all capacitors followed the power law, while the Ir/SBT/Pt capacitor showed a larger dispersion of Cint. These results suggest that the Pt/SBT/Pt capacitor is preferred for obtaining the high performance with less effect of the interfacial layers on the dielectric properties.
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With rhBMP-2 in Spinal Deformity, Spondylolisthesis, and Degenerative Disease–Part 1 (2013)

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Reduction of Boron Concentration in Water Produced by a Reverse Osmosis Sea water Desalination Unit. (1997)

Quality of water from RO sea water desalination plants can satisfy almost all regulation items of drinking water quality regulations, except a concentration of boron, which should be lower than 0.2 mg/l. Although this is not a compulsory item now, but it may become so in near future. Thus it is necessary to know rejection ability of various RO membranes against boron and to establish necessary measures to cope with this requirement. In this research, transport parameters of boron permeation were determined using boron rejection data of some commercial membranes. Membranes used were both high and low pressure types, which may be necessary for a two stage process. A process design computer program was set up and was run to estimate boron rejections of a RO unit using transport parameters. Results show that by increasing NRe and the recycle ratio boron concentration can be reduced, but, generally it is difficult to reduce below 0.2 mg/l unless pH at the second stage is increased over 9.9.
Spliced Peptides and Cytokine-Driven Changes in the Immunopeptidome of Melanoma (2020)

Antigen recognition by CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells is governed by the pool of peptide antigens presented on the cell surface in the context of HLA class I complexes. Studies have shown not only a high degree of plasticity in the immunopeptidome, but also that a considerable fraction of all presented peptides is generated through proteasome-mediated splicing of noncontiguous regions of proteins to form novel peptide antigens. Here, we used high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with new bioinformatic approaches to characterize the immunopeptidome of melanoma cells in the presence or absence of IFNγ. In total, we identified more than 60,000 peptides from a single patient-derived cell line (LM-MEL-44) and demonstrated that IFNγ induced changes in the peptidome, with an overlap of only approximately 50% between basal and treated cells. Around 6% to 8% of the peptides were identified as <i>cis</i>-spliced peptides, and 2,213 peptides (1,827 linear and 386 <i>cis</i>-spliced peptides) were derived from known melanoma-associated antigens. These peptide antigens were equally distributed between the constitutive- and IFNγ-induced peptidome. We next examined additional HLA-matched patient-derived cell lines to investigate how frequently these peptides were identified and found that a high proportion of both linear and spliced peptides was conserved between individual patient tumors, drawing on data amassing to more than 100,000 peptide sequences. Several of these peptides showed <i>in vitro</i> immunogenicity across multiple patients with melanoma. These observations highlight the breadth and complexity of the repertoire of immunogenic peptides that can be exploited therapeutically and suggest that spliced peptides are a major class of tumor antigens.
Retinal Arterio-Venule-Ratio (AVR) in the cardiovascular risk management of hypertension (2013)

Purpose: Fundus photography and retinal vessel analysis calculating arterio-venule-ratio (AVR) allows non-invasive measurement of arteriolar wall condition. Arterial narrowing is an indicator of vessel burden caused by different cardiovascular risk factors and can predict the risk of stroke and heart attack. Aim of this retrospective study was to examine if AVR could serve as reliable long term marker assessing treatment of hypertensive patients for prevention of further cardiovascular damage. Methods: The study included 473 patients (mean age 60,6 years, 300 males) who underwent fundus photography via retinal 3D ocular coherence tomography (OCT 2000) from 2011 to 2013 in a medical outpatient resort. Retinal vessel diameter was measured by a computer program from fundus photography data within a defined circle area for calculation of AVR. Data were correlated with age, BMI, current blood pressure (BP), end-diastolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSd), ejection fraction (EF), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), blood fat levels (cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides) and HbA1c. Influence of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidemia, state of smoking, risk age, sex, diabetes mellitus and overweight) on AVR were considered. Results: With regard to age, IVSd, BMI, current BP, correlation analysis revealed decreased AVR-values related to higher age (n=473; r=-0,13; p=0,002;), increased IVSd (n=348; r=-0,21; p<0,0001), increased BMI (n=333; r=-0,23; p=0,00002) and increased current BP (n=336; systolic: r=-0,19; p=0,0006; diastolic: r=-0,23; p=0,00001). Within a cohort at age >55, AVR was increased in females (n=109; mean AVR=0,84±0,075) compared to males (n=170; mean AVR=0,82±0,07; p=0,004). Decreased AVR shows up with CIMT>0,8mm (n=75; mean AVR=0,83±0,07) compared to CIMT≤0,8mm (n=210; mean AVR=0,84±0,08; p<0,05; t-test) and in hypertensive patients (n=232; mean AVR=0,83±0,075) compared to normotensives (n=160; mean AVR=0,85±0,08; p<0,0002; t-test). Conclusions: A decrease in AVR is associated to the presence and the severity of different risk factors (blood pressure, BMI, age, sex) and to consequences of hypertension (IVSd, IMT) as well. Interestingly, no significant correlation existed between AVR and blood fat parameters. These findings suggest that cardiovascular risk factors influence AVR as complication score. Consequently, AVR measurement is to be postulated as new tool in sustainable assessment of hypertension treatment rather than consideration of pure numerical blood pressure data.
Crystalline photoactive copper indium diselenide thin films by pulsed laser crystallization of nanoparticle-inks at ambient conditions (2015)

Direct pulsed laser crystallization (DPLC) is explored to rapidly crystallize large area coated copper indium diselenide (CIS) nanoparticle-inks.
Strategy Selection by Reinforcement Learning for Multi-car Elevator Systems (2013)

This paper discusses the group control of elevators for improving efficiency, an efficient control method for multi-car elevator using reinforcement learning is proposed. In the method, the control agent selects the best strategy among four strategies, namely Transportation strategy, Passenger strategy, Zone strategy, and Difference strategy according to traffic flow. The control agent takes the number of total passengers and the distance from the departure floor to the destination floor of a call into account. Through experiments, the performance of the proposed method is shown, the average service time of the proposed method is compared with the average service time obtained for the cases where the car assignment is made by each of the three or four strategies.
A New Two-Step Four-Component Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohexenols by Sequential Nickel-Catalyzed Couplings (2002)

A new two-step procedure for the synthesis of cyclohexenols has been developed. A nickel-catalyzed three-component addition of an enal, alkyne, and acetylenic tin affords substituted hept-4-en-6-ynals. The products of this first step then undergo a second nickel-catalyzed reaction with organozincs or organoboranes to afford densely functionalized cyclohexenols. Variation in each of the four components is tolerated to provide access to a wide range of versatile building blocks.