gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Diffusion and adsorption mechanism of metallic impurities from chemically amplified photoresist onto silicon-based substrates&lt;/title&gt; (2000)

The radioactive tracer technique was applied to investigate the diffusion and adsorption behaviors of metallic impurities (i.e., Ba, Cs, Zn and Mn) from chemically amplified photoresist onto silicon-based underlying substrates. Two important process parameters, i.e., baking temperatures and substrate types (e.g., bare silicon, polysilicon, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride) were evaluated. Our results indicated that the transition metals (Zn and Mn) could have lower diffusion ratios than alkali metal (Cs) and alkaline earth metal (Ba), irrespective of the substrate types and baking temperatures. It was found that the transition metals would form stable complex with the coexisting solvents and/or hydrolysis species in the photoresist layer. The size of metal complex, the drag force of solvent evaporation, and the baking process were found to have significant effects on impurity migration. In addition, a new diffusion-adsorption model was proposed to explain the effect of substrate types. Our model successfully explained the substrate effect for bare silicon with lower diffusion ratios as compared with silicon nitride. The coverage of substrate surface with silanol group could be attributed to the formation of native oxide. The effects, including the concentration of surface adsorption metal, the equilibrium constant, the surface concentration of silanol group, the concentration of metallic impurity and the pH value, played very important role on the diffusion ratios for Ba, Cs, Zn and Mn.
Electrochemical behaviour of interaction between Fe2+ with bisbipyridyl ligands in CH3CN. Application to an easy electrochemical procedure for tailoring films of Fe(bpy)32+ like cores (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) (2008)

A simple electrochemical procedure to tailor very robust thin films containing the Fe(bpy)32+-like core (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) has been described. The procedure is based on the electroreductive precipitation of soluble macromolecules prepared in situ by simply mixing Fe2+ ions as the perchlorate salt and alkyl bridged bis-bipyridyl ligands Ln (n = 2, 4, 6) in CH3CN. NMR analyses have shown that this solution contains mainly oligomeric species but also a small amount (∼5%) of low weight dinuclear [Fe2II(Ln)3]4+ complex. The poor solubility of the reduced forms of the oligomers causes precipitation and adsorption on the electrode surface of thin films. These films exhibit an excellent stability especially when they are cycled over the iron oxidation redox system (less than 5% loss after 80 subsequent scans). This is due to the very slow redissolution of the oxidized films.
Photoactive Phanes, II. – X‐ray Structure and Photoreactivity of <i>pseudo</i>‐gem Cinnamophane Dicarboxylic Acid {bis‐4,15‐(2′‐Hydroxycarbonylvinyl)[2.2]paracyclophane} (1997)

Abstract The pseudo ‐gem cinnamophane dicarboxylic acid 1 was shown to undergo a stereospecific [2 + 2] photocycloaddition in the solid state, generating the truxinic acid derivative 2 in 100% chemical yield; the reaction can proceed to completion because it is not an “independent site” solid state reaction. The X‐ray structure of 1 reveals that its molecules are associated in dimers formed from four almost linear hydrogen bonds. A salient feature is the intramolecular centre‐to‐centre distance between the reacting double bonds of ≈3.37 Å, the smallest known to date. In contrast to trans ‐cinnamic acid, the topochemical [2 + 2] photocycloaddition occurs also in solution, with a quantitative chemical yield and a quantum yield of ≈0.55 (in methanol).
Some Useful Concepts of Matched Filtering in Intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography (1984)

Using computer calculations and assumed contrast bolus curves, several aspects of the application of temporal integration methods and matched filtering to intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA) were studied. The topics included the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the final image provided by simple integration, a comparison of the SNR performance of matched filtering and extensive integration, the degradation of SNR caused by the motion of noniodinated objects and the sensitivity of SNR to variations in DSA bolus dynamics from patient to patient. Additionally the dependence of matched filter SNR on exposure position and duration was both estimated and demonstrated with clinical DSA images. The results indicate that a substantial improvement in SNR can be obtained with only moderate integration increasing to a two X improvement for longer durations. Integration methods are able to withstand moderate durations (2 seconds) of motion and still provide image quality superior to more conventional DSA results.
Covariance scaled sampling for monocular 3D body tracking (2005)

We present a method for recovering 3D human body motion from monocular video sequences using robust image matching, joint limits and non-self-intersection constraints, and a new sample-and-refine search strategy guided by rescaled cost-function covariances. Monocular 3D body tracking is challenging: for reliable tracking at least 30 joint parameters need to be estimated, subject to highly nonlinear physical constraints; the problem is chronically ill conditioned as about 1/3 of the d.o.f. (the depth-related ones) are almost unobservable in any given monocular image; and matching an imperfect, highly flexible self-occluding model to cluttered image features is intrinsically hard. To reduce correspondence ambiguities we use a carefully designed robust matching-cost metric that combines robust optical flow, edge energy, and motion boundaries. Even so, the ambiguity, nonlinearity and non-observability make the parameter-space cost surface multi-modal, unpredictable and ill conditioned, so minimizing it is difficult. We discuss the limitations of CONDENSATION-like samplers, and introduce a novel hybrid search algorithm that combines inflated-covariance-scaled sampling and continuous optimization subject to physical constraints. Experiments on some challenging monocular sequences show that robust cost modelling, joint and self-intersection constraints, and informed sampling are all essential for reliable monocular 3D body tracking.
Mono ADP‐ribosylation of transducin catalyzed by rod outer segment extract (1992)

Transducin is the retinal rod outer segment (ROS)-specific G protein coupling the photoexcited rhodopsin to cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase. The alpha subunit of transducin is known to be ADP-ribosylated by bacterial toxins. We investigated the possibility that transducin is modified in vitro by an endogenous ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. By using either ROS, cytosolic extract of ROS or purified transducin in the presence of [alpha-32P]nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), the alpha and beta subunits of transducin were found to be radiolabeled. The labeling was decreased by snake venom phosphodiesterase I (PDE I). The modification was shown to be mono ADP-ribosylation by analyses on thin layer chromatography of the PDE I-hydrolyzed products which revealed only 5'AMP residues. In addition we report that sodium nitroprusside activates the ADP-ribosylation of transducin.
3-bit digital phase shifter for mobile DBS active phased array antenna system application (2002)

In this paper, a 3-bit digital pin diode phase shifter of the hybrid-coupled reflection type is designed and fabricated for mobile DBS application of an active phased array antenna system. Its fractional bandwidth is about 17% (VSWR=2:1). The theoretical considerations for the phase shifter design are briefly described. The experimental results for the fabricated 3-bit phase shifter such as the insertion loss and phase response, and its variations according to each phase state are presented, and also the overall insertion loss variations due to the forward current variations of each pin diode used in the phase shifter are given and a discussion of these results made in the system application aspect.
Asymptotic performance of linear receivers in network MIMO (2010)

We consider the asymptotic performance of a class of linear receivers in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple access channels (MAC). Under the assumption that the number of transmitters K and the number of receive antennas N grow large at the same rate and that the receiver has only an imperfect estimate of the channel matrix, we derive deterministic equivalents for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) at the receiver output. Since we assume that the channel matrix has a variance profile, i.e., different matrix entries exhibit different variances, the results are useful for the analysis of network MIMO systems where a user terminal (UT) sees a different path loss to different cooperative base stations (BSs). Our simulation results show that the asymptotic performance predictions are accurate for even small values of N and K.
Surface tension examination of various liquid oral, nasal, and ophthalmic dosage forms (2016)

Surface tension at the surface-to-air interface is a physico-chemical property of liquid pharmaceutical formulations that are often overlooked. To determine if a trend between surface tension and route of administration exists, a suite of oral, nasal, and ophthalmic drug formulations were analyzed. The surface tension at the surface-to-air interface of the oral formulations studied were in or above the range of the surface tension of gastric, duodenum, and jejunum fluids. The range of surface tensions for oral formulations were 36.6–64.7 dynes/cm. Nasal formulations had surface tensions below that of the normal mucosal lining fluid with a range of 30.3–44.9 dynes/cm. Ophthalmic OTC formulations had the largest range of surface tensions at the surface-to-air interface of 34.3–70.9 dynes/cm; however, all formulations indicated for treatment of dry eye had surface tensions higher than that of normal tears, while those for treatment of red eye had surface tensions below. Therefore, surface tension at the surface-to-air interface of liquid formulations is dependent on the route of administration, environment at site of introduction, and for ophthalmics, what the formulation is indicated for.
P.I.G.R.O e Bra.Di.P.O. due ortesi innovative (2011)

Immune patterns differed in SD-iCCA versus LD-iCCA. We identified potential biomarker candidate genes, including CRP, CEACAM6, DMBT1, and various complement factors that could be explored for augmented diagnostics and treatment decision-making.
Cement-Implant Interface Contamination: Possible Reason of Inferior Clinical Outcomes for Rough Surface Cemented Stems (2013)

The results of this study underscore the importance of keeping an implant free from contamination, and suggest if contamination does occur, a saline rinse may further decrease the stability of an implant. The deleterious effects of contamination on rough surface cement bonding were considerable, and indicate that contamination at the time of surgery may, in part, contribute to inferior clinical outcomes for rough surfaced cemented stems.
Parallel visualization on leadership computing resources (2009)

Changes are needed in the way that visualization is performed, if we expect the analysis of scientific data to be effective at the petascale and beyond. By using similar techniques as those used to parallelize simulations, such as parallel I/O, load balancing, and effective use of interprocess communication, the supercomputers that compute these datasets can also serve as analysis and visualization engines for them. Our team is assessing the feasibility of performing parallel scientific visualization on some of the most powerful computational resources of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Laboratories in order to pave the way for analyzing the next generation of computational results. This paper highlights some of the conclusions of that research.
An Evaluation of Repeat Polymerase Chain Reaction Stool Testing for Clostridium difficile Infection: 2011 ACG Presidential Poster (2011)

Purpose:Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major health-care challenge with an increasing incidence and severity, worsening outcomes, and high associated costs. There have been considerable recent advances in infection control and treatment of CDI, and newer stool tests are available with increased sensitivity and specificity. It has been a common practice to repeat a stool test for CDI if the initial test is negative. In the current study, we evaluated our practice regarding the yield of repeat polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in patients with suspected CDI. Methods: The microbiology laboratory database at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN was queried for all patients who underwent PCR stool testing for suspected CDI from June 1, 2007 to May 31, 2010. Data collected included age, gender, number and timing of stool tests and location of patient (inpatient versus outpatient). Descriptive and multivariate regression analyses were done with JMP version 9.0.1. Results: PCR testing was performed in 18,629 patients in the three-year period. The median age of patients was 58.3 years (range 10 days to 104.3 years) and 46.2% were females. Repetitive testing was infrequent; 86.3% of patients had testing done only once in a 14-day period. On multivariate analysis, increased age, male sex, and in-patient location were predictors of repetitive testing. Patients with an initial negative test did not have an increased likelihood of repeat testing than those with an initial positive test (11.4% versus 10.2%, p=0.06). The mean time between an index test and a first repeat test was 3.5 days in a 7-day time period and 5.3 days in a 14-day time period. After an initial negative test, the chance of having a subsequent positive test was unlikely (2.4% in 7 days and 3.2% in 14 days). Conclusion: The yield of repeat stool testing for CDI by PCR is low, and patients with an initial negative stool test should not be re-tested for that bout of diarrhea unless clinical suspicion for CDI remains high.
Reaction of alcohols and amines with diacetyldihydrofluorescein (DADF): Conversion into erythrosine‐derivatives on TLC‐plates by ammonia and iodine vapors (1984)

Abstract Reaction of decetylcolchicine ( 2 ) and colchifoline ( 3 ) with diacetyldihydrofluorescein ( 1 , DADF) afforded the corresponding amide and ester derivatives, converted on TLC‐plates after exposure to ammonia and iodine vapors into red colored pigments. This reaction, also observed with DADF‐derivatives of codeine, quinine and mescaline is highly sensitive. The red pigment produced from the DADF‐ester ( 6 ) of colchifoline formed by te ammonia‐iodine treatment is the corresponding erythrosine ester derivative. DADF emerges from these investigations as a useful reagent to detect alcohols and amines in crude mixtures and for dye labeling.
Decoupling of net community and export production on submesoscales in the Sargasso Sea (2015)

Abstract Determinations of the net community production (NCP) in the upper ocean and the particle export production (EP) should balance over long time and large spatial scales. However, recent modeling studies suggest that a horizontal decoupling of flux‐regulating processes on submesoscales (≤10 km) could lead to imbalances between individual determinations of NCP and EP. Here we sampled mixed‐layer biogeochemical parameters and proxies for NCP and EP during 10, high‐spatial resolution (~2 km) surface transects across strong physical gradients in the Sargasso Sea. We observed strong biogeochemical and carbon flux variability in nearly all transects. Spatial coherence among measured biogeochemical parameters within transects was common but rarely did the same parameters covary consistently across transects. Spatial variability was greater in parameters associated with higher trophic levels, such as chlorophyll in &gt;5.0 µm particles, and variability in EP exceeded that of NCP in nearly all cases. Within sampling transects, coincident EP and NCP determinations were uncorrelated. However, when averaged over each transect (30 to 40 km in length), we found NCP and EP to be significantly and positively correlated ( R = 0.72, p = 0.04). Transect‐averaged EP determinations were slightly smaller than similar NCP values (Type‐II regression slope of 0.93, standard deviation = 0.32) but not significantly different from a 1:1 relationship. The results show the importance of appropriate sampling scales when deriving carbon flux budgets from upper ocean observations.
Liver slices in dynamic organ culture. I. An alternative<i>in vitro</i>technique for the study of rat hepatic drug metabolism (1991)

1. Precision-cut liver slices in dynamic organ culture, a novel in vitro technique, is described and applied to the study of hepatic drug metabolism in the rat. 2. These slices catalysed the oxidative O-deethylation of the substrate, 7-ethoxycoumarin, over 6 h incubation. In addition, the direct conjugation of 7-hydroxycoumarin with either sulphate or glucuronic acid was maintained over 6 h. 3. The formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin and the presence of the sulphate and glucuronide conjugates in slices exposed to 7-ethoxycoumarin demonstrated integrated phase I and phase II drug metabolizing activities in this system. 4. Minor modifications of the incubation system allowed for the metabolism of four volatile chlorinated benzenes: monochlorobenzene 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dichlorobenzenes to aqueous soluble metabolites. 5. The use of liver slices in dynamic organ culture as an alternative preparation for the study of xenobiotic metabolism is discussed.
A Multidisciplinary Course Sequence Stressing Team Skills, Conceptual Design, Creative Problem Solving, Professional Practice, And Computing Skills For Students Entering The William States Lee College Of Engineering (2020)

At UNC Charlotte, a faculty team is offering a new sequence of two courses, ENGR 1201 and 1202, Introduction to Engineering Practice and Principles I and II, for all students entering The William States Lee College of Engineering. Our long-range goals for this course sequence include (a) using the course as a foundation for lifelong learning of computer, teamwork, creative thinking, professional, and personal development skills and attitudes, (b) widespread faculty involvement in the course sequence over time, leading to incorporation of demanding team and creative thinking skills in disciplinary courses, (c ) an appreciation by students and faculty of the power of diversity in team and individual thinking style preferences, and (d) through feedback and continuous improvement, evolution of the course sequence to meet the changing needs of all stakeholders, while maintaining the integrity of the foundational purpose.
ALDH1A1 expression is associated with poor differentiation, ‘right-sidedness’ and poor survival in human colorectal cancer (2018)

ALDH1A1 expression is associated with features of poor prognosis, including a poorly differentiated histology and 'right-sidedness' of the primary tumor, and with shorter overall survival. ALDH1A1 is also highly expressed in therapy-surviving tumors and in liver metastases. These results warrant further research into the potential value of targeting ALDH1A1 in order to improve the efficacy of standard treatment and thereby preventing tumor recurrence.
Potential Super-Toughness Behavior of Chiral (10,5) Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Improvements in construction materials have been evolutionary and not revolutionary. We are attempting to change this paradigm by exploiting the extreme properties of carbon nanotubes, and by designing materials at the molecular level using molecular-based predictive rheology. As an initial step, we have modeled pristine and defective (5,5) carbon nanotubes and a defective (10,5) carbon nanotube using Tight-Binding Molecular Dynamics. The (5,5) carbon nanotubes exhibited extraordinary tensile strengths and brittle failures in agreement with the findings of other researchers. Their strengths and Young's moduli were degraded by the molecular flaws. By contrast, the defective (10,5) carbon nanotube exhibited lower, but still extraordinary, tensile strength and post-yield toughness behavior many times greater than toughened 4340 Steel. Such toughness behavior is an important and beneficial material characteristic for construction materials.
A General Strategy for Hybrid Thin Film Fabrication and Transfer onto Arbitrary Substrates (2014)

The development of thin film-based structures/devices often requires thin films to be transferred onto arbitrary substrates/surfaces. Controllable and non-destructive transfer method, although highly desired, remains quite challenging. Here we report a general method for fabrication and transfer of hybrid (ultra)thin films. The proposed solution-based in-situ transfer method shows not only its robust ability for thin film transfer onto arbitrary substrates but also its highly controlled and non-destructive characteristic. With a hole structure as the support, fully-stretched free-standing thin film is prepared. The successful transfer to a curved surface demonstrates the possibility for production of thin film-coated complex optical components. Ultrathin (35 nm) hybrid film transferred onto PET (50 μm thick) shows high transparency (>90% in visible range), conductivity (1.54 × 10(4) S/m), and flexibility (radius of curvature down to mm scale). The reported transfer method would provide a powerful route towards complex thin film-based structures/devices.
Pharmacokinetics of iron salts and ferric hydroxide-carbohydrate complexes. (1987)

Pharmacokinetic measurements of ferrous sulphate and ferric hydroxide-polymaltose complex on anaemic and non-anaemic rats have shown different postabsorption serum iron levels, invasion and elimination constants and distribution volumes for the two preparations. But nevertheless the absorption and utilization ratios of iron from both preparations are equal. It is therefore not justified to calculate utilization ratios for chemically different iron preparations on the basis of postabsorption serum iron measurements. Similar pharmacokinetic differences of these two iron preparations could also be found in clinical trials, which means that different serum iron increase results in an equal utilization ratio for both preparations. It is clear that ferrous sulphate and ferric hydroxide-polymaltose complex must have a different absorption mechanism. The postulated absorption mechanism is in agreement with all the facts known today and does explain the pharmacokinetic difference between the investigated preparations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Double-Doped Bismuth Oxide Electrolytes for Lower Temperature SOFC Application (2014)

High ionic conductivity double-doped bismuth oxide materials were synthesized using solid state and wet chemical methods to achieve lower total doping while maintaining phase stability. The ionic conductivity for DGSB, DWSB, and DCSB at 650°C are measured to be 0.94 S/cm, 0.53 S/cm, and 0.45 S/cm respectively. The nanopowder forms were incorporated into a bilayer electrolyte and successfully sintered dense onto a prefabricated anode and single electrolyte substrate. DGSB achieved the highest power density of 1.31 W/cm 2 , twice that of the single-doped erbium stabilized bismuth oxide case with the same configuration (0.60 W/cm 2 ) as a result in the improvement in conductivity over the single-doped case.