gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of persistent VHE gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510-089 by the MAGIC telescopes during low states between 2012 and 2017 (2018)

Context. PKS 1510-089 is a flat spectrum radio quasar strongly variable in the optical and GeV range. To date, very high-energy (VHE, &gt;100 GeV) emission has been observed from this source either during long high states of optical and GeV activity or during short flares. Aims. We search for low-state VHE gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510-089. We characterize and model the source in a broadband context, which would provide a baseline over which high states and flares could be better understood. Methods. PKS 1510-089 has been monitored by the MAGIC telescopes since 2012. We use daily binned Fermi-LAT flux measurements of PKS 1510-089 to characterize the GeV emission and select the observation periods of MAGIC during low state of activity. For the selected times we compute the average radio, IR, optical, UV, X-ray, and gammaray emission to construct a low-state spectral energy distribution of the source. The broadband emission is modeled within an external Compton scenario with a stationary emission region through which plasma and magnetic fields are flowing. We also perform the emissio-model-independent calculations of the maximum absorption in the broad line region (BLR) using two different models. Results. The MAGIC telescopes collected 75 hr of data during times when the Fermi-LAT flux measured above 1 GeV was below 3 x10(-8)cm(-2) s(-1) , which is the threshold adopted for the definition of a low gamma-ray activity state. The data show a strongly significant (9.50-sigma ) VHE gamma-ray emission at the level of (4.27 +/- 0.61(stat)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) above 150 GeV, a factor of 80 lower than the highest flare observed so far from this object. Despite the lower flux, the spectral shape is consistent with earlier detections in the VHE band. The broadband emission is compatible with the external Compton scenario assuming a large emission region located beyond the BLR. For the first time the gamma-ray data allow us to place a limit on the location of the emission region during a low gamma ray state of a FSRQ. For the used model of the BLR, the 95% confidence level on the location of the emission region allows us to place it at a distance &gt;74% of the outer radius of the BLR.
The King is Dead (Warfarin): Direct Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors: The Next Diadochian War? (2012)

Atrial fibrillation is an important risk factor for stroke. New drugs for oral anticoagulation that do not exhibit the limitations of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin are under investigation. These include direct factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin-inhibitors. Recent studies provide promising results for apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban, including higher efficacy and significantly lower incidences of intracranial bleeds compared with warfarin. The new oral anticoagulants substances show similar results in secondary as in primary stroke prevention in patients with AF and will on the long run replace warfarin.
PhishFarm: A Scalable Framework for Measuring the Effectiveness of Evasion Techniques against Browser Phishing Blacklists (2019)

Phishing attacks have reached record volumes in recent years. Simultaneously, modern phishing websites are growing in sophistication by employing diverse cloaking techniques to avoid detection by security infrastructure. In this paper, we present PhishFarm: a scalable framework for methodically testing the resilience of anti-phishing entities and browser blacklists to attackers' evasion efforts. We use PhishFarm to deploy 2,380 live phishing sites (on new, unique, and previously-unseen .com domains) each using one of six different HTTP request filters based on real phishing kits. We reported subsets of these sites to 10 distinct anti-phishing entities and measured both the occurrence and timeliness of native blacklisting in major web browsers to gauge the effectiveness of protection ultimately extended to victim users and organizations. Our experiments revealed shortcomings in current infrastructure, which allows some phishing sites to go unnoticed by the security community while remaining accessible to victims. We found that simple cloaking techniques representative of real-world attacks- including those based on geolocation, device type, or JavaScript- were effective in reducing the likelihood of blacklisting by over 55% on average. We also discovered that blacklisting did not function as intended in popular mobile browsers (Chrome, Safari, and Firefox), which left users of these browsers particularly vulnerable to phishing attacks. Following disclosure of our findings, anti-phishing entities are now better able to detect and mitigate several cloaking techniques (including those that target mobile users), and blacklisting has also become more consistent between desktop and mobile platforms- but work remains to be done by anti-phishing entities to ensure users are adequately protected. Our PhishFarm framework is designed for continuous monitoring of the ecosystem and can be extended to test future state-of-the-art evasion techniques used by malicious websites.
Summary of Pressure Gain Combustion Research at NASA (2018)

NASA has undertaken a systematic exploration of many different facets of pressure gain combustion over the last 25 years in an effort to exploit the inherent thermodynamic advantage of pressure gain combustion over the constant pressure combustion process used in most aerospace propulsion systems. Applications as varied as small-scale UAV's, rotorcraft, subsonic transports, hypersonics and launch vehicles have been considered. In addition to studying pressure gain combustor concepts such as wave rotors, pulse detonation engines, pulsejets, and rotating detonation engines, NASA has studied inlets, nozzles, ejectors and turbines which must also process unsteady flow in an integrated propulsion system. Other design considerations such as acoustic signature, combustor material life and heat transfer that are unique to pressure gain combustors have also been addressed in NASA research projects. In addition to a wide range of experimental studies, a number of computer codes, from 0-D up through 3-D, have been developed or modified to specifically address the analysis of unsteady flow fields. Loss models have also been developed and incorporated into these codes that improve the accuracy of performance predictions and decrease computational time. These codes have been validated numerous times across a broad range of operating conditions, and it has been found that once validated for one particular pressure gain combustion configuration, these codes are readily adaptable to the others. All in all, the documentation of this work has encompassed approximately 170 NASA technical reports, conference papers and journal articles to date. These publications are very briefly summarized herein, providing a single point of reference for all of NASA's pressure gain combustion research efforts. This documentation does not include the significant contributions made by NASA research staff to the programs of other agencies, universities, industrial partners and professional society committees through serving as technical advisors, technical reviewers and research consultants.
Novel Whole-Cell Antibiotic Biosensors for Compound Discovery (2007)

Cells containing reporters which are specifically induced via selected promoters are used in pharmaceutical drug discovery and in environmental biology. They are used in screening for novel drug candidates and in the detection of bioactive compounds in environmental samples. In this study, we generated and validated a set of five Bacillus subtilis promoters fused to the firefly luciferase reporter gene suitable for cell-based screening, enabling the as yet most-comprehensive high-throughput diagnosis of antibiotic interference in the major biosynthetic pathways of bacteria: the biosynthesis of DNA by the yorB promoter, of RNA by the yvgS promoter, of proteins by the yheI promoter, of the cell wall by the ypuA promoter, and of fatty acids by the fabHB promoter. The reporter cells mainly represent novel antibiotic biosensors compatible with high-throughput screening. We validated the strains by developing screens with a set of 14,000 pure natural products, representing a source of highly diverse chemical entities, many of them with antibiotic activity (6% with anti-Bacillus subtilis activity of </=25 mug/ml]). Our screening approach is exemplified by the discovery of classical and novel DNA synthesis and translation inhibitors. For instance, we show that the mechanistically underexplored antibiotic ferrimycin A1 selectively inhibits protein biosynthesis.
LIVING CELLS AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMS (1983)

In order to obtain a better understanding of biological ef­ fects of these non ionizing waves, the scientific community must provide information on the basic physical and biological mecha­ nisms involved in the interaction of fields with living systems as the general public is now very concerned with various domestic and industrial applications of these waves which are characterized by a strong dimensional coupling with any human neighbouring system. The understanding of the mechanisms justifies the fact that research was developped several years ago at cellular and molecu­ lar levels.
Djuna Barnes As A Source For Dylan Thomas (2011)

DYLAN THOMAS reviewed Djuna Barnes’s Nightwood, published by Faber and Faber in 1936, in the March 1937 issue of Light and Dark, a short-lived Oxford periodical, praising it highly.1 His admiration was wholehearted and long-lasting; he often recommended the book to friends, while John Malcolm Brinnin recalled that, in planning his 1952 American reading tour, Thomas suggested that he read ‘Hamlet, say, or Faustus, or from Djuna Barnes’s Nightwood, especially some of the monologues of “Dr. Matthew-Mighty-grain-of-salt-Dante-O’Connor” ’.2 Thomas’s judgement of the book’s qualities was shared by numerous contemporaries, including Joyce and Eliot (who wrote the introduction for the first edition). No suggestion that his fascination with Nightwood had found its way into Thomas’s poetry appeared before J. H. Martin, in a letter to the TLS in 1964, claimed that Thomas had told him in 1936 of an aleatory composition method by which he would ‘try … on for size [words] from the top lines of various books, often Djuna Barnes’s Nightwood’ within the draft of a ‘general scheme of a stanza’. Martin offered no examples to back this claim; neither did R. B. Kershner, who repeated it in 1976.3 Unsubstantiated, it seems to read as no more than an example of the leg-pulling we know Thomas to have practised on his more gullible listeners; a speculation all the more plausible given his use of surrealism in his poetry at the time.
On the cost of composing shared-memory algorithms (2012)

Decades of research in distributed computing have led to a variety of perspectives on what it means for a concurrent algorithm to be efficient, depending on model assumptions, progress guarantees, and complexity metrics. It is therefore natural to ask whether one could compose algorithms that perform efficiently under different conditions, so that the composition preserves the performance of the original components when their conditions are met.
Gain-clamping fiber amplifier using double-pass superfluorescent laser (2002)

All optical gain-clamping in an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated. A double-pass superfluorescence laser is created by using a broadband fiber Bragg reflector centered at 1530 nm at the output of the EDFA, to lock the gain at 21 dB. Experiments on an eight-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system shows promise with gain variations between channels of less than 0.6 dB over the input signal power range. While, gain variations with input signal powers are about 0.2 dB for all channels.
Triglyceride-Lowering Effects of Two Probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 and Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601, in a Rat Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia (2016)

The triglyceride-lowering effect of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 and Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 were investigated. Male SD Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and fed high-fat diet (HFD), HFD and probiotics (5 X 10(9) CFU/day of L. plantarum KY1032 and 5 X 10(9) CFU/day of L. curvatus HY7601), or normal diet for 6 weeks. Probiotic treatment significantly lowered the elevated plasma triglyceride and increased plasma free fatty acid, glycerol, and plasma apolipoprotein A-V (ApoA-V) levels. The probiotic-treated group showed elevated hepatic mRNA expression of PPARα, bile acid receptor (FXR), and ApoA-V. These results demonstrate that L. plantarum KY1032 and L. curvatus HY7601 lower triglycerides in hypertriglyceridemic rats by upregulating ApoA-V, PPARα, and FXR.
Overall glycaemic index and glycaemic load of habitual diet and risk of heart disease (2010)

In men low-GI diets were associated increased risk of heart disease and GL was not associated with heart disease. In women there was no clear association between GI and heart disease, but to some extent a positive association between GL and heart disease was observed as hypothesized.
Oxygen isotope constraints on the structure and evolution of the Hawaiian Plume (2010)

The oxygen isotope stratigraphy of Ko'olau volcano, Hawaii, is constructed by analyzing olivine phenocrysts from the KSDP drill core and submarine land-slide deposits. Along with those of subaerial (Makapu'u) Ko'olau olivines (Eiler and others, 1996a), they span the full range of the δ^18^O~VSMOW~ variation previously observed in "Loa-trend" Hawaiian volcanoes (Lō'ihi, Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Ko'olau), vary systematically with the stratigraphic position, and correlate with other geochemical properties of their host lavas (Tanaka and others, 2002; Haskins and Garcia, 2004; Huang and Frey, 2005; Salters and others, 2006; Fekiacova and others, 2007). These observations can be explained if the "Loa-trend" volcanoes (including Ko'olau) are constructed of magmas made by mixing peridotite melt with variable proportions of eclogite melt derived from a mafic constituent of the Hawaiian plume having a composition resembling recent mid-ocean-ridge basalts. We present a model of this magma mixing process that simultaneously explains the correlations among oxygen isotopes, major elements, trace elements and radiogenic isotopes. Although a number of models of this kind, differing in several parameters, describe the data equally well, all statistically acceptable models require an "enriched" component with a MORB-like HREE pattern and enriched oxygen isotope composition (δ^18^O~VSMOW~ = 7.8-9.7‰), consistent with this component being an upper crustal (layer 1 or 2) basalt or gabbro with a low-temperature alteration history, possibly containing a small amount of sediment. Abundances of some minor elements---Ni and Ti---are not well described by this model; we show that these shortcomings are derived from the compositional assumption and operational difficulties, that is, TiO~2~ content is too high in our assumed eclogite end-member, and the inversion of NiO content in the melt by the olivine addition calculation is imprecise due to the sensitivity of D~NiO~^olivine/melt^ to the melt composition and to crystallization process. Previous studies have advocated that Hawaiian lavas were derived from partial melts of an olivine-free pyroxenite formed by reaction of eclogite-derived melt with peridotite (for example, Sobolev and others, 2005). Our study shows that the peridotite-derived and eclogite-derived melt-mixing model can explain the geochemistry of Hawaiian lavas as well, including high-Ni Ko'olau olivines. We find that an olivine-free mantle source for Hawaiian lavas is unnecessary, although melt-rock interaction could be important in modifying melt composition. Inverting for mixing proportions and degree of melting, we estimate that the amount of recycled crust in the Hawaiian plume is \<24 weight percent. Comparison of the late shield-stage "Loa-trend" (particularly Ko'olau lavas) and "Kea-trend" (particularly Mauna Kea lavas) suggests that the geochemical diversity of Hawaiian lavas is produced by a thermally and chemically-zoned plume.
Can Internet Construction Promote Urban Green Development? A Quasi-Natural Experiment from the “Broadband China” (2023)

Broadband, as a key element of Internet infrastructure, plays an important role in breaking down barriers to the flow of production factors and promoting green economic transformation. Using the "Broadband China" strategy as a quasi-natural experiment, this study examines the impact and mechanisms of Internet infrastructure on urban green development by constructing a multi-period Difference-in-Differences (DID) model based on panel data from 277 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2009 to 2019. The results show that the "Broadband China" pilot policy significantly promotes urban green development, with green technological innovation and talent aggregation playing important moderating roles. However, there is a certain lag in the impact of the "Broadband China" pilot policy on urban green development. Furthermore, our heterogeneity analysis suggests that the promotion of the "Broadband China" pilot policy for urban green development mainly exists in central cities, large-scale cities, and resource-based cities, as opposed to surrounding cities, small-scale cities, and non-resource-based cities. The above findings clarify the impact of Internet construction on urban green development and provide a theoretical and practical exploration for achieving a win-win situation of high-quality urban development and environmental protection.
ChemInform Abstract: Whole Cell Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 6‐Azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept‐3‐ en‐7‐one: Synthesis of (‐)‐Cispentacin (FR 109615). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tabernaelegantinines C and D, two new bisindole alkaloids containing a cyano group from Tabernaemontana elegans stapf. Part 2. (1980)

Tabernaelegantinines C and D, isolated from the root bark of Tabernaemontana elegans, have been shown by spectroscopic data and chemical correlation to be ‘dimer’ alkaloids composed of a dregamine unit and an isovoacangine unit connected through a linkage involving C(3) of the former and C(12′) or C(10′) of the latter, respectively. The isovoacangine unit of both compounds contains an extra cyano-group at C(3′) and the configuration at this centre is (S).
Neural Techniques in Logo Recognition (2002)

A novel scheme is presented to detect and recognise a logo in a given document(s). Another area of interest will be dealing with distorted logos. This refers to logos, which are scaled, rotated, and have a brightness or contrast variation from the original logo. The system recognises these logos and makes correct judgements regarding their identity. The success rate for this system is about 75 to 80 percent
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with electroencephalography of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation responses in the latent neurovascular coupling space – a chronic stroke study (2020)

Abstract Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) can facilitate motor learning; however, ctDCS effects have not been investigated using portable neuroimaging vis-à-vis lobular electric field strength. This is important since the subject-specific residual architecture for cerebellar interconnections with the cerebral cortex, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), can influence the ctDCS effects on the cerebral functional activation. In this study, we investigated functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in conjunction with electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the changes in the brain activation at the PFC and the SMC following virtual reality (VR)-based Balance Training (VBaT), before and after ctDCS treatment in 12 hemiparetic chronic stroke survivors. Furthermore, we performed general linear modeling (GLM) that can putatively associate the lobular electric field strength due to ctDCS priming with the changes in the fNIRS-EEG measures in the chronic stroke survivors. Here, fNIRS-EEG based measures were investigated in their latent space found using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) that is postulated to capture neurovascular coupling. We found that the ctDCS electrode montage, as well as the state (pre-intervention, during intervention, post-intervention), had a significant (p&lt;0.05) effect on the changes in the canonical scores of oxy-hemoglobin (O2Hb) signal measured with fNIRS. Also, skill acquisition during first exposure to VBaT decreased the activation (canonical score of O2Hb) of PFC of the non-lesioned hemisphere in the novices at their first exposure before the ctDCS intervention. Moreover, ctDCS intervention targeting the leg representation in the cerebellum led to a decrease in the canonical scores of O2Hb at the lesioned SMC, which is postulated to be related to the cerebellar brain inhibition. Furthermore, ctDCS electrode montage, as well as the state, had a significant (p&lt;0.05) interaction effect on the canonical scores of log10-transformed EEG bandpower. Our current study showed the feasibility of fNIRS-EEG imaging of the ctDCS responses in the latent neurovascular coupling space that can not only be used for monitoring the dynamical changes in the brain activation associated with ctDCS-facilitated VBaT, but may also be useful in subject-specific current steering for tDCS to target the cerebral fNIRS-EEG sources to reduce inter-individual variability.
Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy, T-Ray Imaging and Wireless Data Transfer Technologies (2010)

This study reviewed terahertz technologies of time domain spectroscopy, T-ray imaging, and high rate wireless data transfer. The main topics of the terahertz research area were investigation of materials and package modules for terahertz wave generation and detection, and setup of the terahertz system for time domain spectroscopy(TDS), T-ray imaging and sub-THz wireless communication. In addition to Poly-GaAs film as a photoconductive switching antenna material, a table-top scale for the THz-TDS/imaging system and terahertz continuous wave(CW) generation systems for sub-THz data transfer and narrow band T-ray imaging were designed. Dielectric properties of ferroelectric BSTO(<TEX>$Ba_xSr_{1-x}TiO_3$</TEX>) films and chalcogenide glass systems were characterized with the THz-TDS system at the THz frequency range. Package modules for terahertz wave transmitter/receiver(Tx/Rx) photoconductive antenna were developed.
Degenerative lumbar stenosis: update (2009)

We present a literature review of the diagnosis and treatment of acquired lumbar spinal stenosis (LS), with a brief description of new surgical techniques. LS is the most common cause of spinal surgery in individuals older than 65 years of age. Neurogenic claudication and radiculopathy result from compression of the cauda equina and lumbosacral nerve roots by degenerated spinal elements. Surgical decompression is a well established treatment for patients with refractory, or moderate to severe clinical symptoms. However, the variety of surgical options is vast. New techniques have been developed with the goal of increasing long term functional outcomes. In this article we review lumbar decompression and fusion as treatment options for LS but also present other recent developments. Prospective long term studies are necessary to know which procedures would result in optimal patient outcome.