gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ordering of liquid crystalline solutions of rigid‐rod aramids using mechanical shearing and electric‐field poling (1995)

Abstract 2′,5′‐Diamino‐4‐(dimethylamino)‐4′‐nitrostilbene was polymerized with terephthaloyl dichloride and 2,6‐difluoroterephthaloyl dichloride in a low‐temperature solution polycondensation to give two novel, fully aromatic rigid‐rod polyamides. Nematic solutions of these polymers were processed into fibers and films that were characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements. A post‐spin annealing process was employed to enhance the chain orientation in the fibers. The dominating crystal structure was found to be similar to “modification II” of the fibers from poly( p ‐phenyleneterephthalamide), but the fibers do not suffer a comparable structural transformation upon heat treatment. A corona‐discharge poling process gave rise to a remarkable gain in average chain orientation in the films. Again the crystal structure was found to be similar to “modification II”. The aramids investigated in this work represent a new approach to the design of liquid‐crystalline rigid‐rod polymers, where different mechanisms of orientation can be combined. In the nematic phase, the rigid‐rod molecules form highly oriented domains that can be oriented using mechanical processes such as shearing. In addition the stilbene units that are fixed in the polymer backbone with their dipole moments oriented transverse to the main chain can be oriented in an electric field. The combination of both orientation mechanisms seems to cause a synergistic effect, probably since each affects different levels of the polymer microstructure in the solid.
Deep Learning for Launching and Mitigating Wireless Jamming Attacks (2018)

An adversarial machine learning approach is introduced to launch jamming attacks on wireless communications and a defense strategy is presented. A cognitive transmitter uses a pre-trained classifier to predict the current channel status based on recent sensing results and decides whether to transmit or not, whereas a jammer collects channel status and ACKs to build a deep learning classifier that reliably predicts the next successful transmissions and effectively jams them. This jamming approach is shown to reduce the transmitter's performance much more severely compared with random or sensing-based jamming. The deep learning classification scores are used by the jammer for power control subject to an average power constraint. Next, a generative adversarial network (GAN) is developed for the jammer to reduce the time to collect the training dataset by augmenting it with synthetic samples. As a defense scheme, the transmitter deliberately takes a small number of wrong actions in spectrum access (in form of a causative attack against the jammer) and therefore prevents the jammer from building a reliable classifier. The transmitter systematically selects when to take wrong actions and adapts the level of defense to mislead the jammer into making prediction errors and consequently increase its throughput.
A survey on web service discovery approaches (2017)

With the growth and emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and API economy, the number of APIs and web services increased rapidly over the web. Web services play a significant role in today's business computing environment for the development of distributed applications across different networks. The process of finding the right web services that meet users' functional and nonfunctional requirements is crucial. Several web service discovery approaches have been proposed to facilitate the discovery process. These approaches are different, operate in multiple layers, and use various techniques to meet users' requirements. In this paper, we present a survey of different web service discovery approaches. The survey includes context-ware, user-side, clustering and recommender-based web service discovery approaches.
Microstructural Change of β′ Phase and Hardness Change in As-Solutionized Dental Ag-20Pd-12Au-14.5Cu Alloy (2012)

Change in the Microstructure of the L1 0 -Type Ordered β' Phase Precipitated in Ag-20Pd-12Au-14.5Cu Alloy (mass%) Subjected to Solution Treatment with Varying Solution Treatment Time Was Investigated. The Size of the β' Phase Is Found to Decrease with Increasing Solution Treatment Time and the Vickers Hardness of the Alloy after Solution Treatment Decreases. Experimental Observations Show that the Microstructural Change of the β' Phase Strongly Contributes to the Change in Vickers Hardness. In Addition, the Formation and Growth of the β' Phase Are Concluded to Be Affected by the Distribution of Elements through Solution Treatment.
Fast Fractionation of Technical Lignins by Organic Cosolvents (2018)

A simple and fast fractionation method was developed to obtain carbohydrate-free lignin with well-defined characteristics, such as narrowly distributed molecular weights and a tunable chemical structure for specific applications. In this study, an industrial softwood kraft lignin and a hardwood CELF lignin (coproduct lignin obtained from cosolvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation pretreatment) were dissolved in acetone–methanol and tetrahydrofuran–methanol cosolvents, respectively. Hexane was applied as the antisolvent for sequential precipitation of both lignin preparations. A thorough characterization including various NMR techniques (31P, quantitative 13C, and 2D-HSQC), GPC, DSC and TGA was conducted to correlate the molecular weight of obtained lignin fractions with their structural features including distributions of aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups and relative abundance of interunit linkages. It was found that approximately 10% of the softwood kraft lignin was lignin carbohydrate complexes, and the latter one could be removed efficiently by decreasing polarity of the cosolvent.
Design and fabrication of a three-finger prosthetic hand using SMA muscle wires (2015)

Bio-inspired hand-like gripper systems based on shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuation have the potential to enable a number of useful applications in, e.g., the biomedical field or industrial assembly systems. The inherent high energy density makes SMA solutions a natural choice for systems with lightweight, low noise and high force requirements, such as hand prostheses or robotic systems in a human/machine environment. The focus of this research is the development, design and realization of a SMA-actuated prosthetic hand prototype with three fingers. The use of thin wires (100 μm diameter) allows for high cooling rates and therefore fast movement of each finger. Grouping several small wires mechanically in parallel allows for high force actuation. To save space and to allow for a direct transmission of the motion to each finger, the SMA wires are attached directly within each finger, across each phalanx. In this way, the contraction of the wires will allow the movement of the fingers without the use of any additional gears. Within each finger, two different bundles of wires are mounted: protagonist ones that create bending movement and the antagonist ones that enable stretching of each phalanx. The resistance change in the SMA wires is measured during actuation, which allows for monitoring of the wire stroke and potentially the gripping force without the use of additional sensors. The hand is built with modern 3D-printing technologies and its performance while grasping objects of different size and shape is experimentally investigated illustrating the usefulness of the actuator concept.
The impact of mitochondrial oxidative stress on bile acid-like molecules in <i> <i>C. elegans</i> </i> provides a new perspective on human metabolic diseases (2013)

C. elegans is a model used to study cholesterol metabolism and the functions of its metabolites. Several studies have reported that, in worms, cholesterol is not a structural component of the membrane as it is in vertebrates. However, as in other animals, it is used for the synthesis of steroid hormones that regulate physiological processes such as dauer formation, molting and defecation. After cholesterol is taken up by the gut, mechanisms of transport of cholesterol between tissues in C. elegans involve lipoproteins, as in mammals. A recent study shows that both cholesterol uptake and lipoprotein metabolism in C. elegans are regulated by molecules whose activities, biosynthesis, and secretion strongly resemble those of mammalian bile acids, which are metabolites of cholesterol that act on metabolism in a variety of ways. Importantly, it was found that oxidative stress upsets the regulation of the synthesis of these molecules. Given the known function of mammalian bile acids as metabolic regulators of lipid and glucose homeostasis, future investigations of the biology of C. elegans bile acid-like molecules could provide information on the etiology of human metabolic disorders that are characterized by elevated oxidative stress.
Catalysis of the reaction between isocyanates and protonic substrates. I. Metal salt–amine complexes as catalysts in the polyurea foaming process (1981)

Abstract Tertiary amines and metal [Cu(II), Zn(II)] salts exhibit a synergistic effect in the catalysis of the isocyanate water reaction. The amino complexes of zinc and copper salts display a very large versatility in defining the most suitable formulations for the polyurea foam production. The foaming process is indeed controlled by the nature and the composition of these new catalytic combinations; kinetics of foaming and textural characteristics of final foams are easily modified in that way.
Telemedicine in Neuro-Oncology—An Evaluation of Remote Consultations during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023)

In order to minimize the risk of infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, remote video consultations (VC) experienced an upswing in most medical fields. However, telemedicine in neuro-oncology comprises unique challenges and opportunities. So far, evidence-based insights to evaluate and potentially customize current concepts are scarce. To fill this gap, we analyzed >3700 neuro-oncological consultations, of which >300 were conducted as VC per patients' preference, in order to detect how both patient collectives distinguished from one another. Additionally, we examined patients' reasons, suitable/less suitable encounters, VC's benefits and disadvantages and future opportunities with an anonymized survey. Patients that participated in VC had a worse clinical condition, higher grade of malignancy, were more often diagnosed with glioblastoma and had a longer travel distance (all <i>p</i> < 0.01). VC were considered a fully adequate alternative to face-to-face consultations for almost all encounters that patients chose to participate in (>70%) except initial consultations. Most participants preferred to alternate between both modalities rather than participate in one alone but preferred VC over telephone consultation. VC made patients feel safer, and participants expressed interest in implementing other telemedicine modalities (e.g., apps) into neuro-oncology. VC are a promising addition to patient care in neuro-oncology. However, patients and encounters should be selected individually.
Prediction of neonatal respiratory distress in pregnancies complicated by fetal lung masses (2017)

Ultrasound and MRI parameters can predict neonatal respiratory distress, even when obtained before 24 weeks. Third trimester parameters demonstrated the best positive predictive value. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RB200, a pan-HER ligand trap, is a novel inhibitor of tumor growth and metastasis (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

B17 

RB200 is an Fc-mediated heterodimer of native HER1 and HER3 ligand binding domains. RB200 can sequester most growth factors that activate the human EGF receptor family members. It inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro, and suppresses tumor growth and metastases in mouse xenograft models. Thus, RB200 becomes the first pan-specific therapeutic protein that downregulates EGF receptor family.
Parametric sequence comparisons. (1992)

Current algorithms can find optimal alignments of two nucleic acid or protein sequences, often by using dynamic programming. While the choice of algorithm penalty parameters greatly influences the quality of the resulting alignments, this choice has been done in an ad hoc manner. In this work, we present an algorithm to efficiently find the optimal alignments for all choices of the penalty parameters. It is then possible to systematically explore these alignments for those with the most biological or statistical interest. Several examples illustrate the method.
11. ASSOCIATION OF TUMOR EXPOSURE TO CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SPACES TO LEPTOMENINGEAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN METASTASES (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Development of leptomeningeal disease in patients with brain metastases is associated with extremely poor survival. Identification of the underlying pathogenesis of leptomeningeal disease is unknown. METHODS This retrospective case control study included consecutive adult patients with at least one cerebral metastasis from a known extracranial primary solid malignancy and at least 3 month follow up (n=366). Patients were treated with radiotherapy with or without surgical resection and primary outcome was development of leptomeningeal disease. RESULTS The overall rate of leptomeningeal disease was 15.0%. Rates of development of leptomeningeal disease correlated with the presence of a dural based lesion (65.7% vs. 9.7%; P&amp;lt;0.0001), intraventricular lesion (29.4% vs. 14.3%; P=0.0897), and with dural based lesions with sulcal or cortical enhancement (100% vs. 12.9%; P&amp;lt;0.0001). Rates of developing leptomeningeal disease were not independently associated with surgical resection (17.2% vs. 14.2%; P=0.4859), however did occur significantly more often with piecemeal, as opposed to en bloc, resection (31.3% vs. 8.1%; P=0.0138) or when the ventricle was entered (61.5% vs. 18.9%; P&amp;lt;0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Metastases that are in contact with cerebrospinal fluid spaces are associated with a higher rate of subsequent leptomeningeal disease, with or without surgical resection. Future studies should investigate the use of neoadjuvant radiation, whole brain radiation therapy or adherence to strict surgical technique in high risk brain metastasis patients to mitigate this probability.
Real-time quantification and classification of consistency anomalies in multi-tier architectures (2011)

While online transaction processing applications heavily rely on the transactional properties provided by the underlying infrastructure, they often choose to not use the highest isolation level, i.e., serializability, because of the potential performance implications of costly strict two-phase locking concurrency control. Instead, modern transaction systems, consisting of an application server tier and a database tier, offer several levels of isolation providing a trade-off between performance and consistency. While it is fairly well known how to identify the anomalies that are possible under a certain level of isolation, it is much more difficult to quantify the amount of anomalies that occur during run-time of a given application. In this paper, we address this issue and present a new approach to detect, in realtime, consistency anomalies for arbitrary multi-tier applications. As the application is running, our tool detect anomalies online indicating exactly the transactions and data items involved. Furthermore, we classify the detected anomalies into patterns showing the business methods involved as well as their occurrence frequency. We use the RUBiS benchmark to show how the introduction of a new transaction type can have a dramatic effect on the number of anomalies for certain isolation levels, and how our tool can quickly detect such problem transactions. Therefore, our system can help designers to either choose an isolation level where the anomalies do not occur or to change the transaction design to avoid the anomalies.
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme endo‐polygalacturonase from the genetically modified Aspergillus niger strain EPG (2023)

The food enzyme endo-polygalacturonase ((1-4)-α-d-galacturonan glycanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.15) is produced with the genetically modified <i>Aspergillus niger</i> strain EPG by DSM Food Specialties B.V. The genetic modifications do not give rise to safety concerns. The food enzyme is free from viable cells of the production organism and its DNA. It is intended to be used in fruit and vegetable processing for juice production. The dietary exposure to the food enzyme-total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.122 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Genotoxicity tests did not indicate a safety concern. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rats. The Panel identified a no observed adverse effect level of 1,014 mg TOS/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested, which, when compared with the estimated dietary exposure, resulted in a margin of exposure at least 8,311. A search for the similarity of the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to known allergens was made and 38 matches were found, two of which are food allergens. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic reactions upon dietary exposure to this food enzyme cannot be excluded, in particular for individuals sensitised to papaya or maize, but that the risk will not exceed that of consumption of papaya or maize. In addition, oral allergy reactions cannot be excluded in pollen-sensitised individuals. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns, under the intended conditions of use.
Locally Adaptive Products for All‐Frequency Relighting (2013)

Abstract Triple product integrals evaluate the shading at a point by factoring the reflection equation into incident illumination, visibility, and BRDF. By densely sampling the space of incident directions, this approach is capable of highly accurate rendering scenes lit by high‐frequency environment lighting, containing complex materials and featuring intricate shadows. Efficient evaluation of triple product integrals using Haar wavelets enables near‐interactive rendering of such scenes, while dynamically changing the lighting and the view. Although faster methods have been proposed in the recent real‐time rendering literature, the approximations employed in these methods typically limit them to lower frequency phenomena. In this paper, we present a new approach for high‐frequency scene relighting within the triple product framework. Our approach breaks the computation to smaller solid angles (blocks) over most of which the triple product degenerates to a dot product. We introduce a lossless, yet compact, differential representation of the visibility function over each block, and sample the BRDF on the fly, eliminating the need to store multiple rotated copies of each BRDF. By combining these ideas, we are able to achieve true interactive performance even when running on a CPU, while supporting high frequency effects in scenes with high vertex counts.
InSNP: A tool for automated detection and visualization of SNPs and InDels (2005)

Availability of high quality SNP data is a rate-limiting factor in understanding the impact of genetic variability on gene function and phenotype. Although global projects like HAPMAP generate large numbers of SNPs in an even spacing throughout the human genome, many variation studies have a more focused approach: in the follow-up of positional association findings, candidate gene studies, and functional genomics experiments, knowledge of all variations in a limited amount of sequence (e.g., a gene) is needed. This leads to a large number of resequencing experiments, for which there is a surprising lack of analysis software. We have thus developed specialized software (InSNP) for targeted mutation detection and compared its performance to Polyphred and Mutation Surveyor using 28 amplicons. Out of a total of 579 (InSNP), 644 (Polyphred), and 526 (Mutation Surveyor) SNP predictions, 39 SNPs were confirmed by human expert inspection, with five SNPs missed by Polyphred and one missed by InSNP using the default settings. For InDel detection, out of 70 (InSNP), 28 (Polyphred), and 693 (Mutation Surveyor) InDel predictions, two InDels were confirmed by human expert inspection, with one InDel missed by Polyphred. InSNP provides a user-friendly interface with better functionality for mutation detection than general-purpose sequence handling software. It provides similar SNP detection sensitivity and specificity as the public domain and commercial alternatives in the investigated dataset. We hope that InSNP lowers the barriers to the use of automated mutation detection software and aids in the improvement of the efficiency of such experiments. The Windows installer (setup) program and sample datasets are available at www.mucosa.de/insnp/.
Adaptation of Hierarchical Structured Models for Speech Act Recognition\n in Asynchronous Conversation (2019)

We address the problem of speech act recognition (SAR) in asynchronous\nconversations (forums, emails). Unlike synchronous conversations (e.g.,\nmeetings, phone), asynchronous domains lack large labeled datasets to train an\neffective SAR model. In this paper, we propose methods to effectively leverage\nabundant unlabeled conversational data and the available labeled data from\nsynchronous domains. We carry out our research in three main steps. First, we\nintroduce a neural architecture based on hierarchical LSTMs and conditional\nrandom fields (CRF) for SAR, and show that our method outperforms existing\nmethods when trained on in-domain data only. Second, we improve our initial SAR\nmodels by semi-supervised learning in the form of pretrained word embeddings\nlearned from a large unlabeled conversational corpus. Finally, we employ\nadversarial training to improve the results further by leveraging the labeled\ndata from synchronous domains and by explicitly modeling the distributional\nshift in two domains.\n
Analysis of heat diffusion considering driving images on 6-inch flexible AMOLED display (2023)

We report the heat diffusion on flexible active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. Two-dimensional heat diffusion is used for the heat conduction and convection analysis, generated on the surface of a flexible AMOLED display. The heat diffusion parameters and the time constant are studied in terms of the driving conditions of a 6-inch flexible AMOLED display. The temperature distribution on the screen is obtained by applying heat diffusion using the finite difference method (FDM) with an FPGA driving board. We can predict temperature more precisely by calculating temperature changes according to the images. The proposed method improves the accuracy of predicting the temperature. The average and standard deviation of the temperature error (TER) are ∼0.5°C and ∼0.5°C for the proposed method, respectively. For the conventional method, the values are ∼4.5°C and ∼0.7°C, respectively, neglecting the increase in temperature based on the images. This method can be used in compensation technology for OLEDs and thin film transistors (TFTs) that require accurate temperature distribution on the screen.