gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Latency-Aware Multi-Antenna SWIPT System With Battery-Constrained Receivers (2022)

Power splitting (PS) based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is considered in a multi-user multiple-input-single-output broadcast scenario. Specifically, we focus on jointly configuring the transmit beamforming vectors and receive PS ratios to minimize the total transmit energy of the base station under the user-specific latency and energy harvesting (EH) requirements. The battery depletion phenomenon is avoided by preemptively incorporating information regarding the receivers’ battery state and EH fluctuations into the resource allocation design. The resulting time-average sum-power minimization problem is temporally correlated, non-convex (including mutually coupled latency-battery queue dynamics), and in general intractable. We use the Lyapunov optimization framework and derive a dynamic control algorithm to transform the original problem into a sequence of per-time-slot deterministic and independent subproblems. The latter are then solved via two alternative approaches: i) semidefinite relaxation combined with fractional programming, and ii) successive convex approximation. Furthermore, we design a low-complexity closed-form iterative algorithm exploiting the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions for a specific scenario with delay bounded batteryless receivers. Numerical results provide insights on the robustness of the proposed designs to realize an energy-efficient SWIPT system while ensuring latency and EH requirements in a time dynamic network.
Responses of the Immune System to Injury (2000)

Three categories of immunotoxic effects are identified: direct immunotoxicity, hypersensitivity, and autoimmunity. Direct immunotoxicity consists of immunosuppression and immunostimulation. Total abrogation of the immune response (immunosuppression) results in more frequent, severe, and often atypical and relapsing infections and lymphomas. Immunostimulation is associated with febrile reactions, the induction/facilitation of autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions to unrelated allergens, and impaired hepatic drug biotransformation. Hypersensitivity is manifested by a variety of symptoms involving either antigen-specific or non-antigen-specific humoral and cellular adverse responses. Autoimmune reactions are divided into organ-specific and systemic reactions. Because of the involvement of many redundant mechanisms, it is difficult to predict responses of the immune system to a given immunotoxic injury. In laboratory animals, histologic but also functional changes are necessary to show evidence of and to predict such adverse responses.
Broadcast Guidance of Multi-Agent Systems (2022)

We consider the emergent behavior of a group of mobile agents guided by an exogenous broadcast signal. The agents’ dynamics is modelled by single integrators and they are assumed oblivious to their own position, however they share a common orientation (i.e. they have compasses). The broadcast control, a desired velocity vector, is detected by arbitrary subgroups of agents,that upon receipt of the guidance signal become "ad-hoc" leaders. The control signal and the set of leaders are assumed to be constant over some considerable intervals in time. A system without "ad-hoc" leaders is referred to as autonomous. The autonomous rule of motion is identical for all agents and is a gathering process ensuring a cohesive group. The agents that become leaders upon receipt of the exogenous control add the detected broadcast velocity to the velocity vector dictated by the autonomous rule of motion. This paradigm was considered in conjunction with several models of cohesive dynamics, linear and non-linear, with fixed inter-agent interaction topology, as well as systems with neighborhood based topology determined by the inter-agent distances. The autonomous dynamics of the models considered provides cohesion to the swarm, while, upon detection of a broadcast velocity vector, the leaders guide the group of agents in the direction of the control. For each local cohesion interaction model we analyse the effect of the broadcast velocity and of the set of leaders on the emergent behavior of the system. We show that in all cases considered the swarm moves in the direction of the broadcast velocity signal with speed set by the number of agents receiving the control and in a constellation determined by the model and the subset of "ad-hoc" leaders. All results are illustrated by simulations.
Surfactant-Induced Modification of Dopants Reactivity in Sol−Gel Matrixes (1999)

Organically and bio-organically doped sol−gel materials have attracted much attention due to their ability to reproduce solution molecular activities within the ceramic environment. We take now this methodology one step forward and explore conditions under which the dopant properties can be modified by the matrix. Specifically we report that the co-entrapment of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, the modifier) at low concentrations, with an extensive series of pH indicators representing several key molecular families (the primary dopant) within tetramethoxysilane (TMOS)-derived silica sol−gel matrixes, greatly modifies the indicating performance of the primary dopant. Thus, very large pKi shifts of up to 3−4 orders of magnitude obtained upon the co-entrapment cause methyl orange (MO) to become an indicator for higher acidities and phenolphthalein for higher basicities, compared to their solution behavior. In another example, the ΔpKi between the two indicating transitions of alizarin increased from ∼4.5 pH units in solution to ∼10.5 pH units (!) in the glass, transforming it into an indicator for both the high acidic and high basic pH ranges. In yet another example, the two indicating transitions of phenol red were shifted to a more acidic pH range, pushing the tail of the more acidic titration branch into the negative pH values range. These and other effects were found to be more pronounced by the co-entrapment than by the use of CTAB solutions or of sol−gel matrixes without CTAB, pointing to a synergetic effect between the surfactant and the silica cage. The indicators also proved highly sensitive in revealing the properties of the local environment created by the surfactant. Thus, the indicator molecules were shown to migrate and reorient within the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic regions of micellar environment, according to their acquired charge upon pH changes. The concentration-dependent and humidity-dependent surfactant aggregation processes within the silica cage were probed with MO, and the results were compared with the behavior of entrapped MO in sol−gel matrixes of varying hydrophobicities, obtained by the copolymerization of CH3Si(OCH3)3 with TMOS at various ratios, with and without CTAB. Of practical importance have been the observations that the dopant/surfactant co-entrapment greatly improves the leaching profiles: half-lives, ranging from several months to several years, were found for MO and methyl red; and using SAXS, surface area and porosity measurements, it was shown that CTAB can be used to stabilize the microscopic structure of the material upon heat-drying. This provides a potential solution to the problem of continuing structural changes, which take place with sol−gel materials long after the completion of their synthesis.
Power-aware NoCs through routing and topology reconfiguration (2014)

With the advent of multicore processors and system-on-chip designs, intra-chip communication demands have exacerbated, leading to a growing adoption of scalable networks-on-chip (NoCs) as the interconnect fabric. Today, conventional NoC designs may consume up to 30% of the entire chip's power budget, in large part due to leakage power. In this work, we address this issue by proposing Panthre: our solution deploys power-gating to provide long intervals of uninterrupted sleep to selected units. Packets that would normally use power-gated components are steered away via topology and routing reconfiguration, while Panthre provides low-latency alternate paths to their destinations. The routing reconfiguration operates in a distributed fashion and guarantees that deadlock-free routes are available at all times. At runtime, Panthre adapts to the application's communication patterns by updating its power-gating decisions. It employs a feedback-based distributed mechanism to control the amount of sleeping components and of packets detours, so that performance degradation is kept at a minimum. Our design is flexible, providing a mechanism that designers can use to tradeoff power savings with performance, based on application's requirements. Our experiments on multi-programmed communication-light workloads from the SPEC CPU2006 suite show that Panthre reduces total network power consumption by 14.5% on average, with only a 1.8% degradation in performance, when all processor nodes are active. At times when 15-25% of the processor cores are communication-idle, Panthre enables leakage power savings of 36.9% on average, while still providing connected and deadlock-free routes for all other nodes.
Investigation of Carrier Transport in Germanium MOSFETs With $\hbox{WN}/\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}/\hbox{AlN}$ Gate Stacks (2007)

To improve source injection velocity and consequently MOSFET performance, high mobility semiconductors are being explored as possible replacements for silicon. Germanium offers enhanced electron mobility and superior hole mobility at high inversion charge density; however, formation of a high quality germanium-dielectric interface remains a serious challenge. High- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> dielectrics deposited directly on germanium exhibit poor physical and electrical properties, so an interfacial layer is required. Proposed interlayers include GeON, Si, and metal nitrides such as AlN and Hf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> . To date, reported electron mobilities have been disappointing. In this letter, carrier transport in Ge MOSFETs with WN/AI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> AIN gate stacks is investigated using surface-channel and buried-channel devices. Peak mobilities of 300 and 600 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> / V ldr s are observed for buried-channel p- and n-FETs, respectively. Evidence of phosphorus passivation of the germanium-dielectric interface is also presented.
Supplemetary Video S6 from Snail1-Expressing Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment Display Mechanical Properties That Support Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Video S6. Ela-Myc cells on 3D-ECM generated by TGFÃŽÂ²-treated Control MEFs.&lt;/p&gt;
Trigonal pyramidal Cu I N 4 cores assembled by a family of tetradentate N-donor Schiff bases. Substituent effects on the Cu(II/I) potential (2003)

Copper(l) complexes of 1:3 condensates of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and p-X-benzaldehydes (X = K Cl, NMe2 and NO2) of the type [Cu(ligand)]ClO4 are synthesised. The X-ray crystal structures of the copper(l) complexes with X = K, Cl and NMe2 are determined. In these complexes copper(l) is found to have trigonal pyramidal N-4 coordination sphere with the apical N forming a longer bond (2.191-2.202 Angstrom) than the trigonal ones (2.003-2.026 Angstrom). The Cu(II/I) potentials in these complexes span a range of 0.71-0.90 V vs SCE increasing linearly with the resonance component of the Hammett sigma for the para substituent X. It is concluded that trigonal pyramidal geometry is destabilising for copper(II).
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Membranous Features of the <i>Plasmodium</i> Liver Stage Tubovesicular Network (2014)

For membrane-bound intracellular pathogens, the surrounding vacuole is the portal of communication with the host cell. The parasitophorous vacuole (PV) harboring intrahepatocytic Plasmodium parasites satisfies the parasites' needs of nutrition and protection from host defenses to allow the rapid parasite growth that occurs during the liver stage of infection. In this study, we visualized the PV membrane (PVM) and the associated tubovesicular network (TVN) through fluorescent tagging of two PVM-resident Plasmodium berghei proteins, UIS4 and IBIS1. This strategy revealed previously unrecognized dynamics with which these membranes extend throughout the host cell. We observed dynamic vesicles, elongated clusters of membranes and long tubules that rapidly extend and contract from the PVM in a microtubule-dependent manner. Live microscopy, correlative light-electron microscopy and fluorescent recovery after photobleaching enabled a detailed characterization of these membranous features, including velocities, the distribution of UIS4 and IBIS1, and the connectivity of PVM and TVN. Labeling of host cell compartments revealed association of late endosomes and lysosomes with the elongated membrane clusters. Moreover, the signature host autophagosome protein LC3 was recruited to the PVM and TVN and colocalized with UIS4. Together, our data demonstrate that the membranes surrounding intrahepatic Plasmodium are involved in active remodeling of host cells.
Robust Classification of Contraband Substances using Longwave Hyperspectral Imaging and Full Precision and Neuromorphic Convolutional Neural Networks (2022)

Several agencies such as the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) seek to improve the detection of illegal threats and materials passing through Ports of Entry (POE). A combined hardware/software solution that is portable, non-ionizing, handheld, low cost, and fast would represent a significant contribution towards that goal as existing systems do not fulfil many or all of these requirements. To design such a system, Quantum Ventura partnered with Bodkin Design and Engineering to combine long-wave infrared (LWIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), implemented on full precision GPUs and neuromorphic computing modules. Our capability study showed that our system can accurately detect and classify contraband in a variety of situations, including varied backgrounds, temperatures, and purities. With a small size, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C) envelope, neuromorphic computing implementations of CNNs showed promising results, though not as well as full precision results.
Compliance and Appropriateness of Driver Vision Regulations in Ireland (2018)

Driving is a highly complex task which relies heavily on vision for successful execution. There are currently 2,820,528 holders of driving licences in Ireland. Holders of a driving license must meet the standards for vision as set out by the Road Safety Authority Slainte agus Tiomáint document. Visual acuity and Visual Field measurements are specified as the minimum standard. If there is reason to believe that these measurements are inadequate, it is required that the subject undergo a more detailed examination. Currently, drivers must undergo a vision screening when applying for their first license, and additional vision screening is not required until they reach 70 years of age. During this interval, licenses have 10 yearly renewal intervals. It is well known that a person’s vision changes with age. These changes may be normal and age-related, or pathological and disease related. Either Way, these changes can have a significant detrimental effect on both unaided vision and corrected acuity, and therefore their ability to meet the driving standards (either with or without refractive aides). It is our aim to assess the vision of a sample population of drivers with respect to the current vision standards for driving, and to critically evaluate the appropriateness of the standards currently in place.
Meleagrin Isolated from the Red Sea Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Protects against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice (2022)

The Red Sea marine fungus <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> (Family: Ascomycota) comprises a panel of chemically diverse natural metabolites. A meleagrin alkaloid was isolated from deep-sediment-derived <i>P. chrysogenum</i> Strain S003 and has been reported to exert antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of meleagrin on pulmonary fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was induced in mice by a single intratracheal instillation of 2.5 mg/kg bleomycin. Mice were given 5 mg/kg meleagrin daily either for 3 weeks after bleomycin administration in the treatment group or 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after bleomycin administration in the protection group. Bleomycin triggered excessive ROS production, inflammatory infiltration, collagen overproduction and fibrosis. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was attenuated by meleagrin. Meleagrin was noted to restore the oxidant-antioxidant balance, as evidenced by lower MDA contents and higher levels of SOD and catalase activities and GSH content compared to the bleomycin group. Meleagrin also activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway and inhibited TLR4 and NF-κB gene expression, with a subsequent decreased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ). Additionally, meleagrin inhibited bleomycin-induced apoptosis by abating the activities of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 while elevating Bcl2. Furthermore, it suppressed the gene expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1, Smad-2, type I collagen and MMP-9, with a concomitant decrease in the protein levels of TGF-β1, α-SMA, phosphorylated Smad-2, MMP-9, elastin and fibronectin. This study revealed that meleagrin's protective effects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis are attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antifibrotic properties. Notably, the use of meleagrin as a protective agent against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was more efficient than its use as a treatment agent.
Chemical “Pickling” of Phosphite Additives Mitigates Impedance Rise in Li Ion Batteries (2018)

The use of high-voltage, high-capacity positive electrodes in lithium ion batteries presents a challenge, given their tendency to degrade organic electrolytes. To prevent this damage, electrolyte additives modifying the cathode surface are required. Tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSPi) is one such electrolyte additive. However, the mechanism for its protective action (similar to other phosphite, borate, and boroxane compounds) remains not completely understood. In LiPF₆ containing carbonate electrolytes, TMSPi undergoes reactions yielding numerous products. Here we demonstrate that one of these products, PF₂OSiMe₃, is responsible for mitigation of the impedance rise that occurs in aged cells during charge/discharge cycling. This same agent can also be responsible for reducing parasitic oxidation currents and transition metal loss during prolonged cell cycling. Mechanistic underpinnings of this protective action are examined using computational methods. Our study suggests that this beneficial action originates mainly through inhibition of catalytic centers for electrolyte oxidation that are present on the cathode surface, by forming capping ligands on the transition metal ions that block solvent access to such centers.
Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratoryfailure (2003)

In this study, the impact of aerosolised prostacyclin (PGI2) and iloprost in the absence or presence of subthreshold intravascular doses of the dual-selective phosphodiesterase-3/4 inhibitor zardaverine was investigated in an experimental model of acute respiratory failure. In perfused rabbit lungs, continuous infusion of the thromboxane-A2-mimetic U46619 provoked pulmonary hypertension, accompanied by progressive lung oedema formation and severe ventilation-perfusion mismatch with predominance of shunt flow (increasing from approximately 2 to 58%, as assessed by the multiple inert gas elimination technique). Aerosolisation of PGI2 (in total 1.05 microg x kg(-1) for 15 min caused a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and a limitation of maximum shunt flow to approximately 37%. When nebulised PGI2 was combined with subthreshold intravascular zardaverine, which did not affect pulmonary haemodynamics per se, the duration of the PGI2 effect was increased. Aerosolisation of 3 microg x kg(-1) PGI2 resulted in a transient decrease in Ppa and a reduction in shunt flow. In the presence of subthreshold zardaverine, the effects of this PGI2 dose were only marginally increased. Aerosolisation of iloprost (in total 0.7 microg x kg(-1)) for 15 min caused a more sustained decrease in Ppa, some enhanced reduction of oedema formation as compared with PGI2 and a decrease in shunt flow to approximately 32%. Most impressively, when combined with subthreshold zardaverine, iloprost suppressed oedema formation to <15% and shunt flow to approximately 8%. In conclusion, combined use of aerosolised iloprost and subthreshold systemic phosphodiesterase-3/4 inhibitor may result in selective intrapulmonary vasodilation, a reduction in oedema formation and an improvement in ventilation-perfusion matching in acute respiratory failure.
Electrorheological properties of polyaniline-vanadium oxide nanostructures suspended in silicone oil (2014)

In the present work, organic/inorganic hybrid nanostructures comprised of polyaniline and vanadium oxide were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal technique. The polyaniline/vanadium oxide hybrid morphology was tailored from rods to spheres by controlling the relative concentration of the reactants. The synthesized composites were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for structural and morphological analyses. Electrorheological (ER) properties of the as-prepared nanocomposites suspended in silicone oil were investigated by a rotational viscometer under both steady and dynamic shear. The ER activity of the composite material suspensions showed higher ER effects for the product with the rod-like structures than for the product with the sphere-like structures. The typical ER behaviour showed by the polyaniline-vanadium oxide nanocomposites demonstrated their potential application as an ER smart material.
&lt;title&gt;Mechanism of laser-induced stress relaxation in cartilage&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

The paper presents theoretical and experimental results allowing to discuss and understand the mechanism of stress relaxation and reshaping of cartilage under laser radiation. A carbon dioxide and a Holmium laser was used for treatment of rabbits and human cartilage. We measured temperature, stress, amplitude of oscillation by free and forced vibration, internal friction, and light scattering in the course of laser irradiation. Using experimental data and theoretical modeling of heat and mass transfer in cartilaginous tissue we estimated the values of transformation heat, diffusion coefficients and energy activation for water movement.