gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of neutrophil adhesion by adenosine and an adenosine kinase inhibitor. The role of selectins. (1995)

Adenosine and adenosine analogues exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, but their usefulness is limited by profound cardiovascular side effects. Therefore, we synthesized inhibitors of an enzyme involved in adenosine metabolism, adenosine kinase (AK) (EC 2.7.1.20), to enhance endogenous adenosine concentrations at sites of inflammation. GP-1-515 (4-amino-1-(5-amino-5-deoxy-1-beta-D- ribofuranosyl)-3-bromo-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine), a novel AK inhibitor, decreased adhesion of activated human neutrophils to cultured endothelial cell monolayers by increasing local adenosine levels. The mechanism of inhibition in this assay seemed to involve selectin blockade and was independent of the beta 2 integrins. GP-1-515 and 2-chloroadenosine (a nonmetabolizable adenosine analogue) had no effect on the surface expression or shedding of adhesion molecules. An agent that disrupts the cytoskeleton, cytochalasin B, mimicked the effect of adenosine on cell adhesion. Interactions between L-selectin and the neutrophil cytoskeleton might be altered by adenosine and could contribute to adenosine-mediated adhesion inhibition.
PCSK9 Induces CD36 Degradation and Affects Long-Chain Fatty Acid Uptake and Triglyceride Metabolism in Adipocytes and in Mouse Liver (2015)

Our results demonstrate an important role of PCSK9 in modulating the function of CD36 and triglyceride metabolism. PCSK9-mediated CD36 degradation may serve to limit fatty acid uptake and triglyceride accumulation in tissues, such as the liver.
XANES observations of the inhibition and promotion of anatase and rutile phases in silver containing films (2014)

X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been applied to characterize the phase evolution of Ag–TiO2 films subjected to annealing treatments up to 1000 °C. Silver has been theoretically predicted as a rutile promoter in anatase powders lowering the transition temperature, however, no systematic studies on films have been reported yet. In this work, the Ti L2,3- and O K-edge in XANES spectra were used as fingerprints of the phase structure of the films. The results show that silver atoms strongly affect the transition of the initially amorphous films to the anatase structure, delaying the crystallization temperature up to 400 °C and, at the same time, promoting the subsequent phase transformation from anatase to rutile at temperatures as low as 600 °C. These results have been confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis as well as by High Resolution TEM images (HRTEM) of films.
Understanding Pore Formation in ALD Alumina Overcoats (2020)

AlO<i><sub>X</sub></i> thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have previously been used to increase both stability and selectivity of supported palladium catalysts and are known to develop nanoscale porosity upon heating. Understanding the factors that affect ALD thin-film porosity enables future design of layered catalytic structures with tunable nanoscale features on industrially-relevant high-surface-area materials. In this study, porous and nonporous aluminum oxide supports with and without palladium nanoparticles were overcoated with thin films of 2-7 nm AlO<i><sub>X</sub></i> by ALD deposited at temperatures of 100, 200, and 300 °C. Hydroxyl loss and changes in surface chemistry were observed upon heating the films, and changes in surface area and pore volume of the annealed films were correlated to AlO<i><sub>X</sub></i> deposition temperature and the presence of Pd. Crystallization of the overcoat to γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is shown to occur separately from hydroxyl loss and pore formation. A mechanistic understanding of pore formation in AlO<i><sub>X</sub></i> ALD films is obtained by reference to studies of the structural transformations accompanying the formation of transition aluminas from hydroxide precursors. Additionally, a direct and tunable correlation is established between pore development and the overall hydroxyl content of AlO<i><sub>X</sub></i> ALD coatings.
Dichloro[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) (2001)

[72287-26-4] C34H28Cl2FeP2Pd (MW 731.72) InChI = 1S/2C17H14P.2ClH.Fe.Pd/c2*1-3-9-15(10-4-1)18(17-13-7-8-14-17)16-11-5-2-6-12-16;;;;/h2*1-14H;2*1H;;/q;;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = JCWIWBWXCVGEAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L (catalyst for cross-coupling reactions) Physical Data: mp 265–268 °C (dec). Solubility: sol ether, THF, benzene. Form Supplied in: reddish brown solid; commercially available. Purification: recrystallization from CHCl3 under inert atmosphere. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the complex is an irritant; store under an inert atmosphere.
Experimental Validation of Motor Primitive-Based Control for Leg Exoskeletons during Continuous Multi-Locomotion Tasks (2017)

An emerging approach to design locomotion assistive devices deals with reproducing desirable biological principles of human locomotion. In this paper, we present a bio-inspired controller for locomotion assistive devices based on the concept of motor primitives. The weighted combination of artificial primitives results in a set of virtual muscle stimulations. These stimulations then activate a virtual musculoskeletal model producing reference assistive torque profiles for different locomotion tasks (i.e., walking, ascending stairs, and descending stairs). The paper reports the validation of the controller through a set of experiments conducted with healthy participants. The proposed controller was tested for the first time with a unilateral leg exoskeleton assisting hip, knee, and ankle joints by delivering a fraction of the computed reference torques. Importantly, subjects performed a track involving ground-level walking, ascending stairs, and descending stairs and several transitions between these tasks. These experiments highlighted the capability of the controller to provide relevant assistive torques and to effectively handle transitions between the tasks. Subjects displayed a natural interaction with the device. Moreover, they significantly decreased the time needed to complete the track when the assistance was provided, as compared to wearing the device with no assistance.
IMPROVING WELLBORE SURVEYING ACCURACY OF HORIZONTAL WELLS BY UTILIZING A DUAL-AXIS OPTICAL GYRO SYSTEM (2004)

Measurement-while-drilling (MWD) surveying systems utilizing fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs) have been suggested as a replacement for the present magnetic surveying techniques in order to avoid the imperfections associated with magnetic monitoring devices. A gyroscopic surveying methodology incorporating a single FOG with its sensitive axis along the central axis of the drill pipe and three mutually orthogonal single-axis accelerometers was suggested to survey horizontal wells. This method suffered from some limitations and an increase in the surveying errors at certain orientations. This article aims at overcoming these limitations by suggesting a dual FOG system using an additional FOG with its sensitive axis normal to the central axis of the drill pipe. The proposed dual FOG system has been tested using a custom designed experimental setup that can simulate several orientations similar to those experienced by the bottom hole assembly downhole. The results showed significant improvement in the accuracy of the surveying parameters with no specific limitations. This study suggests that gyroscopic surveying utilizing a dual FOG system can be a reliable solution for MWD surveying of horizontal wells.
Combined Antiviral Effect of Interferon and Acyclovir on Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 (1981)

Acyclovir and human interferon displayed an additive to synergistic effect in reducing the number of herpes simplex viral plaque-forming units in Vero cells, suggesting a therapeutic potential for such combination therapy.
Isolation and identification of Brucella melitensis in goats. (2011)

Isolation of Brucella melitensis is the standard gold of identification and confirmation of animal brucellosis. However in Malaysia, Brucella sp., infection of goat was increasing recently and there is no evidence for diagnosis of the serover of Brucella sp., that cause the disease in goat population except the detection of serological methods. Isolation and identification of Brucella melitensis have been done by bacteriological methods in addition to conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real-time PCR for detection of Brucella melitensis from samples collected from vaginal swabs on suspected farm. In conclusion, four isolate have been got out of 300 vaginal samples and all isolate is belong to Brucella melitensis server 1. The Real-time PCR is the easy and save method for confirmation of brucellosis in goats population.
CALIBRATION PROCESS OF THE COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT (2007)

The international cooperation project CIBER (Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment) is a rocket-borne instrument, of which the scientific goal is to measure the cosmic near-infrared extra-galactic background to search for signatures of primordial galaxy formation. CIBER consists of a wide-field two-color camera, a low-resolution absolute spectrometer, and a high-resolution narrow-band imaging spectrometer. Currently, all the subsystems have been built, and the integration, testing, and calibration of the CIBER system are on process for the scheduled launch in June 2008.
Impact of hardware impairments on mmWave MIMO systems with hybrid precoding (2018)

A notable commonality in the existing studies on millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is the assumption of perfect hardware during communication. However, this is a strong hypothesis since residual tranceiver hardware impairments (RTHIs) are inevitable in reality. Hence, this paper proposes a mmWave MIMO system that generalizes the state of the art by considering the inevitable RTHIs. We shed light on the impact of three major hardware impairments, namely, the multiplicative phase noise (PN), the amplified thermal noise (ATN), and the residual additive transceiver hardware impairments (RATHIs). In particular, we derive the spectral efficiency of the system under the presence of RTHIs. Additionally, we provide a detailed analysis to quantify the degradation caused to the spectral efficiency of the system by each separate impairment. Among the noteworthy outcomes is that the multiplicative PN is the most critical of the three impairments. Furthermore, we verify that the merits of the mmWave MIMO system are improved in line with large MIMO, which needs to be deployed in a cost-efficient manner.
Generative Models for Inverse Imaging Problems: From mathematical foundations to physics-driven applications (2023)

Physics-informed generative modeling for inverse problems in computational imaging is a fast-growing field encompassing a variety of methods and applications. Here, we review a few generative modeling techniques, such as variational autoencoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs), as well as more recent developments in score-based generative models. Through different imaging applications, we review how the generative modeling techniques are effectively combined with the physics of the imaging problem, e.g., the measurement forward model and physical properties of the target objects, to solve the inverse problems.
Biophysical characterization of DNA aptamer interactions with vascular endothelial growth factor (2008)

The binding of a DNA aptamer (5'-CCGTCTTCCAGACAAGAGTGCAGGG-3') to recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)) was characterized using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence anisotropy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Results from both fluorescence anisotropy and ITC indicated that a single aptamer molecule binds to each VEGF homodimer, unlike other VEGF inhibitors that exhibit 2(ligand):1(VEGF homodimer) stoichiometry. In addition, ITC revealed that the association of the aptamer to VEGF at 20 degrees C is enthalpically driven, with an unfavorable entropy contribution. SPR kinetic studies, with careful control of possible mass transfer effects, demonstrated that the aptamer binds to VEGF with an association rate constant k(on) = 4.79 +/- 0.03 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and a dissociation rate constant k(off) = 5.21 +/- 0.02 x 10(-4) s(-1) at 25 degrees C. Key recognition hot-spots were determined by a combination of aptamer sequence substitutions, truncations, and extensions. Most single-nucleotide substitutions, particularly within an mfold-predicted stem, suppress binding, whereas those within a predicted loop have a minimal effect. The 5'-end of the aptamer plays a key role in VEGF recognition, as a single-nucleotide truncation abolished VEGF binding. Conversely, an 11-fold increase in the association rate (and affinity) is observed with a single cytosine nucleotide extension, due to pairing of the 3'-GGG with 5'-CCC in the extended aptamer. Our approach effectively maps the secondary structural elements in the free aptamer, which present the unpaired interface for high affinity VEGF recognition. These data demonstrate that a directed binding analysis can be used in concert with library screening to characterize and improve aptamer/ligand recognition.
SVPWM technique with varying DC-link voltage for common mode voltage reduction in an indirect matrix converter (2015)

This paper discusses a modified space vector technique applied to an indirect matrix converter (IMC) which results in the reduction of common mode voltages and other advanced features. The conventional indirect space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) method of controlling matrix converters involves the usage of two adjacent active vectors and one zero vector for both rectifying and inverting stages of the converter. By suitable selection of space vectors, the rectifying stage of the matrix converter can generate different levels of virtual DC-link voltage. This capability can be exploited for operation of the converter in different ranges of modulation indices for varying machine speeds. This results in lower common mode voltage and improves the harmonic spectrum of the output voltage, without increasing the number of switching transitions as compared to conventional modulation. The effectiveness of the algorithm is substantiated by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and experiments on a laboratory prototype.
Quantum computing with micro-fabricated ion traps. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Fully Integrated Electronic-Photonic Biosensor for Label-Free Molecular Sensing in Advanced Zero-Change CMOS-SOI Process (2021)

We demonstrate the world's first fully integrated electronic-photonic label-free molecular sensor in a CMOS 45RFSOI commercial process. Real-time kinetics with 100nm lipid nanoparticles, mimicking SARS-CoV-2 particles, are presented utilizing micro-ring resonators integrated with on-chip electronics.
Analysis of ground infrastructure and sensing strategies for all-weather approach and landing in Urban Air Mobility (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2225.vid As a key requirement for the development of a safe Urban Air Mobility (UAM) framework, all-time/all-weather navigation and perception capabilities must be ensured to Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft, especially in the approach and landing phases. In these scenarios, the conventional landing systems are expected to be complemented or replaced by technological solutions tailored to UAM, including the use of multiple exteroceptive sensors and, consequently, of multi-sensor navigation algorithms. Furthermore, fully autonomous landing capabilities represent a prerequisite to gradually remove the necessity for onboard pilots while maintaining safe operations. Within this framework, after a brief overview of the possible navigation solutions both in terms of required onboard sensors and ground infrastructure, this paper focuses on the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in a vision-based navigation architecture. A Deep Learning based object detector is trained to recognize conventional landing pads and integrated within a pose determination pipeline to generate aiding measurements for a multi-sensor state estimation filter. The performance of the implemented architecture is assessed in simulated scenarios. Finally, initial research efforts relevant to the integration of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars within the onboard sensing suite are presented, which deal with the generation of simulated radar data in customizable urban scenarios.
Silicon Photonics in Quantum Communications (2009)

Silicon photonics technologies are potentially useful in quantum information and communication experiments. This talk describes the first entangled photon-pair generation experiment to use a silicon wire waveguide, and discusses the application of silicon-based entanglement sources in quantum communication systems.
Clustering via matrix powering (2004)

Given a set of n points with a matrix of pairwise similarity measures, one would like to partition the points into clusters so that similar points are together and different ones apart. We present an algorithm requiring only matrix powering that performs well in practice and bears an elegant interpretation in terms of random walks on a graph. Under a certain mixture model involving planting a partition via randomized rounding of tailored matrix entries, the algorithm can be proven effective for only a single squaring. It is shown that the clustering performance of the algorithm degrades with larger values of the exponent, thus revealing that a single squaring is optimal.
The Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti Plasmid Virulence Gene virE2 Reduces Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus Infection in Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana Plants (2015)

Cassava mosaic disease is a major constraint to cassava cultivation worldwide. In India, the disease is caused by Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV). The Agrobacterium Ti plasmid virulence gene virE2, encoding a nuclear-localized, single-stranded DNA binding protein, was introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana to develop tolerance against SLCMV. Leaf discs of transgenic N. benthamiana plants, harboring the virE2 gene, complemented a virE2 mutation in A. tumefaciens and produced tumours. Three tested virE2 transgenic plants displayed reduction in disease symptoms upon agroinoculation with SLCMV DNA A and DNA B partial dimers. A pronounced reduction in viral DNA accumulation was observed in all three virE2 transgenic plants. Thus, virE2 is an effective candidate gene to develop tolerance against the cassava mosaic disease and possibly other DNA virus diseases.
Absolute and high precision 3 degrees of freedom position sensor (2009)

We present a compact 3 degrees of freedom (dof) (X-Y-θz) absolute position sensor offering a sub-micrometric resolution. The travelling range is 15x15mm2 (translations) and ±180° (rotation), with an absolute precision better than 10μm over the whole travelling range and of less than 1μm of resolution (0.02° for rotation). The position acquisition frequency is 10Hz. The sensor is composed of a CCD camera chip, a silicon target with a pattern of holes constituting a digital code and a luminescent polymer sheet to light the holes. The reading of the pattern code is performed by image processing.
Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Fe-phases in drill-cores from the Triassic Stuttgart Formation at Ketzin CO2 storage site before CO2 arrival (2017)

Reactive iron (Fe) oxides and sheet silicate-bound Fe in reservoir rocks may affect the subsurface storage of CO2 through several processes by changing the capacity to buffer the acidification by CO2 and the permeability of the reservoir rock: (1) the reduction of three-valent Fe in anoxic environments can lead to an increase in pH, (2) under sulphidic conditions, Fe may drive sulphur cycling and lead to the formation of pyrite, and (3) the leaching of Fe from sheet silicates may affect silicate diagenesis. In order to evaluate the importance of Fe-reduction on the CO2 reservoir, we analysed the Fe geochemistry in drill-cores from the Triassic Stuttgart Formation (Schilfsandstein) recovered from the monitoring well at the CO2 test injection site near Ketzin, Germany. The reservoir rock is a porous, poorly to moderately cohesive fluvial sandstone containing up to 2–4 wt% reactive Fe. Based on a sequential extraction, most Fe falls into the dithionite-extractable Fe-fraction and Fe bound to sheet silicates, whereby some Fe in the dithionite-extractable Fe-fraction may have been leached from illite and smectite. Illite and smectite were detected in core samples by X-ray diffraction and confirmed as the main Fe-containing mineral phases by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Chlorite is also present, but likely does not contribute much to the high amount of Fe in the silicate-bound fraction. The organic carbon content of the reservoir rock is extremely low (<0.3 wt%), thus likely limiting microbial Fe-reduction or sulphate reduction despite relatively high concentrations of reactive Fe-mineral phases in the reservoir rock and sulphate in the reservoir fluid. Both processes could, however, be fuelled by organic matter that is mobilized by the flow of supercritical CO2 or introduced with the drilling fluid. Over long time periods, a potential way of liberating additional reactive Fe could occur through weathering of silicates due to acidification by CO2.
Semantic Segmentation With Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Under Varying Weather Conditions for Autonomous Vehicles (2020)

Semantic information provides a valuable source for scene understanding around autonomous vehicles in order to plan their actions and make decisions. However, varying weather conditions reduce the accuracy of the semantic segmentation. We propose a method to adapt to varying weather conditions without supervision, namely without labeled data. We update the parameters of a deep neural network (DNN) model that is pre-trained on the known weather condition (source domain) to adapt it to the new weather conditions (target domain) without forgetting the segmentation in the known weather condition. Furthermore, we don't require the labels from the source domain during adaptation training. The parameters of the DNN are optimized to reduce the distance between the distribution of the features from the images of old and new weather conditions. To measure this distance, we propose three alternatives: W-GAN, GAN and maximum-mean discrepancy (MMD). We evaluate our method on various datasets with varying weather conditions. The results show that the accuracy of the semantic segmentation is improved for varying conditions after adaptation with the proposed method.
Planning of Cellular Networks Enhanced by Energy Harvesting (2013)

We pose a novel cellular network planning problem, considering the use of renewable energy sources and a fundamentally new concept of energy balancing, and propose a novel algorithm to solve it. In terms of the network capital and operational expenditure we conclude that savings can be made by enriching cellular infrastructure with energy harvesting sources, in comparison to traditional deployment methods.