gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flavors &amp; Fragrance Delivery Systems (2001)

This article focusses on the art of encapsulating flavors and fragrances into carrier materials, emphasizing the scientific challenges imposed by the particular nature of these essentially volatile encapsulants. The expected benefits of F&amp;F delivery systems are discussed in terms of protection against ageing, enhanced impact during use and sustained release from substrates. Special attention is given to the preparation and use of hydrophilic delivery systems based on carbohydrates. The discussion is illustrated by selected applications of current delivery systems in the fields of flavor formulations and perfumed laundry care detergent powders.
Flow-Induced Vibration and Hydrokinetic Power Conversion of Two Staggered Rough Cylinders for 2.5 × 104 &lt; Re &lt; 1.2 × 105 (2018)

Flow-induced vibration (FIV), primarily vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), and galloping have been used effectively to convert hydrokinetic energy to electricity in model-tests and field-tests by the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory (MRELab) of the University of Michigan. It is known that the response of cylinders with passive turbulence control (PTC) undergoing vortex shedding differs from the oscillation of smooth cylinders in a similar configuration. Additional investigation on the FIV of two elastically mounted circular cylinders in a staggered arrangement with low mass ratio in the TrSL3 flow-regime is required and is contributed by this paper. The two PTC-cylinders were allowed to oscillate in the transverse direction to the oncoming fluid flow in a recirculating water channel. The cylinder model with a length of 0.895 m and a diameter of 8.89 cm, a mass ratio of 1.343 was used in the tests. The Reynolds number was in the range of 2.5 × 104 &lt; Re &lt; 1.2 × 105, which is a subset of the TrSL3 flow-regime. The center-to-center longitudinal and transverse spacing distances were T/D = 2.57 and S/D = 1.0, respectively. The spring stiffness values were in the range of 400 &lt; K (N/m) &lt;1200. The values of harnessing damping ratio tested were ζharness = 0.04, 0.12 and 0.24. For the values tested, the experimental results indicate that the response of the upstream cylinder is similar to the single cylinder. The downstream cylinder exhibits more complicated vibrations. In addition, the oscillation system of two cylinders with stiffer spring and higher ζharness could initiate total power harness at a higher flow velocity and obtain more power.
Search for invisible particles produced in association with single-top-quarks in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=\mathrm {8~TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2015)

A search for the production of single-top-quarks in association with missing energy is performed in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS experiment at the large hadron collider using data collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text] fb[Formula: see text]. In this search, the [Formula: see text] boson from the top quark is required to decay into an electron or a muon and a neutrino. No deviation from the standard model prediction is observed, and upper limits are set on the production cross-section for resonant and non-resonant production of an invisible exotic state in association with a right-handed top quark. In the case of resonant production, for a spin-[Formula: see text] resonance with a mass of [Formula: see text] GeV, an effective coupling strength above [Formula: see text] is excluded at 95[Formula: see text] confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-[Formula: see text] state with mass between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] GeV. In the case of non-resonant production, an effective coupling strength above [Formula: see text] is excluded at 95[Formula: see text] confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-[Formula: see text] state with mass between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] GeV.
Semi-supervised Learning Feature Representation for Historical Chinese Character Recognition (2017)

Historical Chinese character recognition has been suffering from the problem of lacking sufficient labeled training samples. An Semi-supervised learning method based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for historical Chinese character recognition is proposed in this paper. We use traditional feature extraction method to extract features from the unlabeled sample sets at first; then according to the distance between the extracted features, samples pairs are constructed; With the constructed pairs, a Siamese network S is trained; The network structure and weights of model S are used to initialize another CNN model T. The model T is then fine-tuned by a few labeled historical Chinese character samples, and used for final evaluation. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective.
Crustal Exploration and Monitoring Seismic Events with a Fibre-optic Cable Deployed at the Ground Surface in Iceland (2017)

We present new results of records from a 15 km long fibre-optic cable deployed at the surface in Iceland. We estimate the quality of records of seismic events with the cable for both exploration and monitoring.
Coursework for introducing Matlab to communications engineers (2015)

This coursework is intended to accompany a lecture and laboratory series that introduces the syntax and operation of Matlab, possibly at the beginning of a master-level degree course on communications engineering. Owing to this, the coursework is specifically designed to have relevance to communication engineers, granting them the ability to use Matlab to design, simulate and characterize communication systems. The coursework assumes no prior knowledge or experience in communication engineering or Matlab, but is designed to be interesting and challenging to students that do have this knowledge or experience. The coursework considers the most relevant aspects of Matlab, namely matrix manipulation, programming, Monte Carlo simulation and error ratio plotting. It also requires students to design and optimize innovative solutions to problems with no single correct answer. The students may be expected to spend around 50 hours completing this coursework and they are assessed on the functionality, efficiency and human-readability of their solutions. Automated marking may be used to assess the functionality and efficiency of the solutions, leaving only the human-readability requiring manual marking. The coursework has been successfully used and refined over several years at the University of Southampton, UK.
Epibatidine, a novel nicotinic receptor agonist (1994)

It is speculated that nicotine receptor ligands might be of therapeutic benefit for the treatment of obesity, anxiety, and memory loss. With the exception of nicotine, few selective high-affinity agents exist. (-)Epibatidine (1), isolated from Ecuadoran frogs, shows structural resemblence to (-)nicotine (2). Molecular modeling studies reveal that the N to N distance in 1 (5.5 Å) is greater than that found in 2 (4.9 Å). This distance exceeds that previously considered optimal for the nicotine receptor pharmacophore (4.8. ± 0.3 Å) by about half a bond length. Nevertheless 1 binds (Ki = 0.055 nM) at [3H]nicotine-labeled receptors with higher affinity than 2 (Ki = 1.5 nM). Although our studies are still in progress, molecular superimposition and preliminary results with various structurally modified analogs suggest that it is the conformationally constraíned nature of 1 that accounts for its high affinity. For example, 6-chloronicotine binds only with slightly higher affinity (Ki = 0.6 nM) than nicotine suggesting, at least for nicotine, that the chloro substituent is tolerated but does not contribute significantly to binding. Excision of the ethano bridge of deschloroepibatidine, to yield isonornicotine (Ki = 12.5 nM), results in reduced affinity. Isonicotine binds with similar (Ki = 7.3 nM) affinity. The bridged azabicycloheptane system likely fixes the structure of epibatidine in a highly receptor-preferred conformation. The pharmacophore for nicotine receptor binding will require reconsideration and should take into account the longer N-N distance of epibatidine. The N-N distance in epibatidine may be optimal, whereas that in isonornicotine is longer, and that for nicotine shorter. (Supported in part by funding from TDC/CIT.)
Prevalence of psychological symptoms and associated risk factors among nurses in 30 provinces during the COVID-19 pandemic in China (2022)

The strategic consulting project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering [2021-32-5]. Advanced Institute of Infomation Technology, Peking University, Zhejiang Province [2020-Z-17].
A Dual Modulation Faraday Rotation Spectrometer for Isotope-Labeled Analysis of Exhaled Nitric Oxide (2013)

A transportable quantum cascade laser based breath analyzer using dual-modulation Faraday rotation spectroscopy for detection of nitric oxide isotopes is reported. Sensitivities of 0.49 ppbv/Hz1/2 for 15NO and 3.59 ppbv/Hz1/2 for 14NO have been achieved.
Networking large-scale virtual environments (2002)

The virtual environment research community is focusing on the human computer interaction model for fully articulated 3D humans in the networked virtual environment. As that work moves forward there is the desire to internetwork large numbers of players. The NPSNET Research Group is in the forefront of that work and is focusing on the network and software architecture necessary to support large scale VEs. The paper presents a look at our multicasting and applications layer protocol research.
Optical manipulation and microfluidics for studies of single cell dynamics (2007)

Most research on optical manipulation aims towards investigation and development of the system itself. In this paper we show how optical manipulation, imaging and microfluidics can be combined for investigations of single cells. Microfluidic systems have been fabricated and are used, in combination with optical tweezers, to enable environmental changes for single cells. The environment within the microfluidic system has been modelled to ensure control of the process. Three biological model systems have been studied with different combinations of optical manipulation, imaging techniques and microfluidics. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, environmentally induced size modulations and spatial localization of proteins have been studied to elucidate various signalling pathways. In a similar manner the oxygenation cycle of single red blood cells was triggered and mapped using Raman spectroscopy. In the third experiment the forces between the endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts were studied in Pisum sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana. By combining different techniques we make advanced biological research possible, revealing information on a cellular level that is impossible to obtain with traditional techniques.
A Modular Battery Management System for HEVs (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Proper electric and thermal management of an HEV battery pack, consisting of many modules of cells, is imperative. During operation, voltage and temperature differences in the modules/cells can lead to electrical imbalances from module to module and decrease pack performance by as much as 25%. An active battery management system (BMS) is a must to monitor, control, and balance the pack. The University of Toledo, with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy and in collaboration with DaimlerChrysler and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed a modular battery management system for HEVs. This modular unit is a 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; generation system, as compared to a previous 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; generation centralized system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; generation prototype can balance a battery pack based on cell-to-cell measurements and active equalization. The system was designed to work with several battery types, including lithium ion, NiMH, or lead acid. Surface mount technology is used throughout to reduce volume, mass, and cost. The weight and volume of the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; generation are estimated to be 70% and 87%, respectively, less than the 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; generation.&lt;/div&gt;
Structural requirement of bilin chromophore for the photosensory specificity of phytochromes A and B (2002)

Phytochromes are an important class of chromoproteins that regulate many cellular and developmental responses to light in plants. The model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana possesses five phytochromes, which mediate distinct and overlapping responses to light. Photobiological analyses have established that, under continuous irradiation, phytochrome A is primarily responsible for plant's sensitivity to far-red light, whereas the other phytochromes respond mainly to red light. The present study reports that the far-red light sensitivity of phytochrome A depends on the structure of the linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) prosthetic group. By reconstitution of holophytochrome in vivo through feeding various synthetic bilins to chromophore-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis, the requirement for a double bond on the bilin D-ring for rescuing phytochrome A function has been established. In contrast, we show that phytochrome B function can be rescued with various bilin analogs with saturated D-ring substituents.
Superhydrophobic Cellulose Paper‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Water Drop Energy Harvesting (2020)

Abstract The high‐efficiency conversion of water drop mechanical energy into electrical energy has always been an urgent issue in the development and utilization of raindrop energy. In this work, a novel drum‐like triboelectric nanogenerator (D‐TENG) with robust self‐cleaning superhydrophobic features is developed to harvest water drop energy. An elastic superhydrophobic cellulose paper is created by spray‐coating nanofumed silica dispersed in a thermoplastic elastomer solution, followed by treatment with triethoxy‐1 H ,1 H ,2 H ,2 H ‐tridecafluoro‐ n ‐octylsilane. When raindrops hit the D‐TENG surface, the superhydrophobic cellulose paper will vibrate and periodic contact and separation with polytetrafluoroethylene will occur to generate electricity. The results demonstrate that when a 6 mm water drop falls from a height of 2.5 m and hits the D‐TENG, the generated voltage output can reach a peak of 21.6 V and charge transfer of 10 nC. The output power of the D‐TENG can reach 16 µW per droplet, which is more than 13.3 times that generated from the previous TENGs based on the electrostatic induction of water droplets. These results indicate that the superhydrophobic cellulose paper‐based D‐TENG is potentially a strong candidate for harvesting energy from raindrops, thereby making it a promising sustainable energy source for next‐generation electronics.
Seamless GPU Evaluation of Smart Expression Templates (2018)

Expression Templates is a technique allowing to write linear algebra code in C++ the same way it would be written on paper. It is also used extensively as a performance optimization technique, especially as the Smart Expression Templates form which allows for even higher performance. It has proved to be very efficient for computation on a Central Processing Unit (CPU). However, due to its design, it is not easily implemented on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). In this paper, we devise a set of techniques to allow the seamless evaluation of Smart Expression Templates on the GPU. The execution is transparent for the user of the library which still uses the matrices and vector as if it was on the CPU and profits from the performance and higher multi-processing capabilities of the GPU. We also show that the GPU version is significantly faster than the CPU version, without any change to the code of the user.
Normal Breast-Derived Epithelial Cells with Luminal and Intrinsic Subtype-Enriched Gene Expression Document Interindividual Differences in Their Differentiation Cascade (2018)

Cell-type origin is one of the factors that determine molecular features of tumors, but resources to validate this concept are scarce because of technical difficulties in propagating major cell types of adult organs. Previous attempts to generate such resources to study breast cancer have yielded predominantly basal-type cell lines. We have created a panel of immortalized cell lines from core breast biopsies of ancestry-mapped healthy women that form ductal structures similar to normal breast in 3D cultures and expressed markers of major cell types, including the luminal-differentiated cell-enriched ERα-FOXA1-GATA3 transcription factor network. We have also created cell lines from PROCR (CD201)<sup>+</sup>/EpCAM<sup>-</sup> cells that are likely the "normal" counterpart of the claudin-low subtype of breast cancers. RNA-seq and PAM50-intrinsic subtype clustering identified these cell lines as the "normal" counterparts of luminal A, basal, and normal-like subtypes and validated via immunostaining with basal-enriched KRT14 and luminal-enriched KRT19. We further characterized these cell lines by flow cytometry for distribution patterns of stem/basal, luminal-progenitor, mature/differentiated, multipotent PROCR<sup>+</sup> cells, and organogenesis-enriched epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid cells using CD44/CD24, CD49f/EpCAM, CD271/EpCAM, CD201/EpCAM, and ALDEFLUOR assays and E-cadherin/vimentin double staining. These cell lines showed interindividual heterogeneity in stemness/differentiation capabilities and baseline activity of signaling molecules such as NF-κB, AKT2, pERK, and BRD4. These resources can be used to test the emerging concept that genetic variations in regulatory regions contribute to widespread differences in gene expression in "normal" conditions among the general population and can delineate the impact of cell-type origin on tumor progression.<b>Significance:</b> In addition to providing a valuable resource for the breast cancer research community to investigate cell-type origin of different subtypes of breast cancer, this study highlights interindividual differences in normal breast, emphasizing the need to use "normal" cells from multiple sources as controls to decipher the effects of cancer-specific genomic aberrations. <i>Cancer Res; 78(17); 5107-23. ©2018 AACR</i>.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Transesterification and Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Nitrones. Part 2. Sequential Bicyclization of α,α‐ Dialkoxycarbonylnitrones with Allyl Alcohols. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Compact acousto-optic interrogator for fiber optic Bragg sensors (2011)

Fiber optic sensors are widely used to control both strain and temperature by measuring the wavelengths of optical signals reflected from multiple gratings incorporated at different places of a long fiber. Traditionally the expensive tunable lasers or optical spectrum analyzers are used for wavelength interrogation. This paper proposes to replace tunable laser by a broadband optical source incorporated with novel thin linewidth acousto-optic (AO) tunable filter. It utilizes hundreds of times expanding optical beam by multiple reflection from photonic crystal rows of air holes in LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> waveguide. New AO interrogator design is numerically studied for a short structure (with 32 photonic crystal rows) by two-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Extrapolation of these results to large structure sizes (around 1 cm) demonstrates the possibility to develop compact AO interrogators with 0.4 pm wavelength resolution and 40 nm tunable range around 1550 nm.
High‐Performance Mesostructured Organic Hybrid Pseudocapacitor Electrodes (2015)

The electrodes of a hybrid electrochemical capacitor which utilize the quinone (Q)‐hydroquinone (QH 2 ) couple, a prototypical organic redox system known to provide fast and reversible proton‐coupled electron‐transfer reactions, are deterministically mesostructured via a colloidal templating strategy to provide good ion and electron transport pathways, enabling a high rate performance. Specifically, a conducting polymer, polypyrrole (PPy), is functionalized with a pseudocapacitive material, a Q/QH 2 ‐containing catechol derivative, by noncovalent interactions. The mesostructure of this hybrid material is formed into an ordered 3D porous structure by a polystyrene colloidal crystal template‐assisted electrosynthesis. The catechol derivative is sufficiently bound to the PPy through noncovalent interactions to provide a volumetric capacitance as high as ≈130 F cm −3 and a capacitance retention of ≈75% over 10 000 charging/discharging cycles. When compared with a randomly structured electrode, the deterministically structured electrode exhibits an improved rate performance due to the mesostructure facilitated electron and ion transport.
Recent Progress in R&amp; D of Advanced Room Temperature Accelerator Structures (2003)

The NLC and JLC groups face two major challenges in designing X-Band accelerator structures for an electron-positron linear collider. The first is to demonstrate stable, long-term operation at a 70 MV/m gradient, which is required to keep the machine cost low, and the second is to strongly suppress the structure long-range wakefield, which is required to achieve high luminosity. During the past 2 years, the major emphasis has been on proving high gradient operation, although dipole wakefield suppression studies are continuing. This paper describes high gradient test results from a series of prototype TW and SW structures being developed for the NLC/JLC. Schemes for damping and detuning the dipole modes of these structures are also presented.