gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor progression in Sencar mouse skin as a function of initiator dose and promoter dose, duration, and type. (1988)

The influence of initiator dose and promoter dose, duration, and type on the progression of papillomas to carcinomas was examined in Sencar mice. A good dose-response relationship for promotion of papilloma formation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) [following initiation with 6.5 micrograms of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)] was observed in the range of 0.125 to 2.0 micrograms/mouse. A maximal papilloma response was induced with 2 micrograms/mouse (24 papillomas/mouse). When adjusted for mortality, the carcinoma incidence after 60 wk of promotion was essentially the same (approximately 80%) for doses above 0.5 micrograms/mouse. In a related experiment, mice were given an initiation dose of either 2 or 20 micrograms of DMBA followed by applications of 2 micrograms of TPA for 3, 5, 7, or 60 wk. Papilloma formation was proportional to length of treatment, with a maximum of 29 papillomas/mouse (20-micrograms initiating dose of DMBA) and 10 papillomas/mouse (2-micrograms initiating dose of DMBA) occurring between 10 and 15 wk of promotion. In this experiment, the carcinoma incidence was clearly proportional to the duration of promoter treatment at the low initiation dose of DMBA. The carcinoma incidence, on the other hand, was similar (approximately 70%) in groups of mice given an initiation dose of 20 micrograms of DMBA and promotion treatment for greater than or equal to 5 wk. Thus, the initiator dose had a dramatic effect on the outcome of these experiments. Additional experiments were performed to compare tumor progression with the anthrone promoter, chrysarobin. At optimal promoting doses, chrysarobin treatment produced a maximum number of papillomas that was approximately 1/3 that produced by TPA (6.4 versus 17.0 papillomas per mouse, respectively). However, the carcinoma response was very similar in these two treatment groups, confirming previous work from this laboratory. In addition, chrysarobin treatment following 10 wk of TPA promotion did not enhance the progression of preexisting papillomas to carcinomas. The data presented in this paper are consistent with a model in which several types or stages of papillomas are initially produced during two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin with different probabilities of progressing to carcinomas. However, the data indicate that optimal doses of promoter and initiator exist and can influence interpretation of tumor progression studies in mouse skin.
Measuring Nitrite - The Key to Controlling Deammonification Systems (2013)

Measuring Nitrite - The Key to Controlling Deammonification SystemsThe control of one-step partial nitritation/anammox or deammonification reactors is challenging because of the competing reactions of the anammox, ammonia-oxidizing, nitrite-oxidizing, and denitrifying bacteria that reside in this reactor environment. Nitrite, a byproduct of such reactions, under certain environmental conditions may be toxic to anammox bacteria. Good measurement is essential for...Author(s)Henryk MelcerCharles B. BottPusker RegmiLeiv RiegerJiang WanChandler JohnsonKartik ChandranYiwei MaSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jul, 2013ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864713813525969Volume / Issue2013 / 4Content sourceNutrient Removal and Recovery SymposiumCopyright2013Word count115
CTL Escape Mediated by Proteasomal Destruction of an HIV-1 Cryptic Epitope (2011)

Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) play a critical role in controlling viral infections. HIV-infected individuals develop CTL responses against epitopes derived from viral proteins, but also against cryptic epitopes encoded by viral alternative reading frames (ARF). We studied here the mechanisms of HIV-1 escape from CTLs targeting one such cryptic epitope, Q9VF, encoded by an HIVgag ARF and presented by HLA-B*07. Using PBMCs of HIV-infected patients, we first cloned and sequenced proviral DNA encoding for Q9VF. We identified several polymorphisms with a minority of proviruses encoding at position 5 an aspartic acid (Q9VF/5D) and a majority encoding an asparagine (Q9VF/5N). We compared the prevalence of each variant in PBMCs of HLA-B*07+ and HLA-B*07- patients. Proviruses encoding Q9VF/5D were significantly less represented in HLA-B*07+ than in HLA-B*07- patients, suggesting that Q9FV/5D encoding viruses might be under selective pressure in HLA-B*07+ individuals. We thus analyzed ex vivo CTL responses directed against Q9VF/5D and Q9VF/5N. Around 16% of HLA-B*07+ patients exhibited CTL responses targeting Q9VF epitopes. The frequency and the magnitude of CTL responses induced with Q9VF/5D or Q9VF/5N peptides were almost equal indicating a possible cross-reactivity of the same CTLs on the two peptides. We then dissected the cellular mechanisms involved in the presentation of Q9VF variants. As expected, cells infected with HIV strains encoding for Q9VF/5D were recognized by Q9VF/5D-specific CTLs. In contrast, Q9VF/5N-encoding strains were neither recognized by Q9VF/5N- nor by Q9VF/5D-specific CTLs. Using in vitro proteasomal digestions and MS/MS analysis, we demonstrate that the 5N variation introduces a strong proteasomal cleavage site within the epitope, leading to a dramatic reduction of Q9VF epitope production. Our results strongly suggest that HIV-1 escapes CTL surveillance by introducing mutations leading to HIV ARF-epitope destruction by proteasomes.
Long non-coding RNA RGMB-AS1 as a novel modulator of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2022)

Abstract This study shows that the long non-coding RNA RGMB-AS1 is upregulated in the blood and pulmonary vascular cells of PAH patient and that it regulates BMPR2 signaling. Inhibiting RGMB-AS1 increases BMPR2 signaling and improves pulmonary vascular cell function.
Design and operation of a supersonic flow cavity for a non-self-sustained electric discharge pumped oxygen–iodine laser (2007)

The paper presents results of a high-pressure, non-self-sustained crossed discharge–M = 3 supersonic laser cavity operation. A stable and diffuse pulser–sustainer discharge in O2–He flows is generated at pressures of up to P0 = 120 Torr and discharge powers of up to 2.1 kW. The reduced electric field in the dc sustainer discharge ranges from 0.6 × 10−16 to 1.2 × 10−16 V cm2. Singlet delta oxygen (SDO) yield in the discharge, up to 5.0–5.7% at the flow temperatures of 400-420 K, was inferred from the integrated intensity of the (0, 0) band of the O2(a 1Δ → X 3Σ) infrared emission spectra calibrated using a blackbody source. The yield increases with the discharge power and remains nearly independent of the O2 fraction in the mixture (in the 10–20% range). Static pressure and temperature measurements in the supersonic cavity show that a steady-state M = 3 flow in the cavity can be sustained for up to 20 s, at the flow temperature of T = 120 ± 15 K. The results suggest that the measured SDO yield exceeds the threshold yield at the cavity temperature by up to a factor of 2.5. PLIF iodine vapour visualization in the supersonic cavity, which showed the presence of large-scale structures, suggests the need to improve iodine vapour mixing with the main oxygen–helium flow.
Die lex Falcidia und das Erbrecht des BGB. (1999)

Abstract Durch das Inkrafttreten des BGB am 01. Januar 1900 verschwand mit der sogenannten falcidischen Quart ein auf das antike römische Recht zurückgehendes Institut, das den Erben davor bewahrte, daß der ihm zugefallene Nachlaß durch Vermächtnisse überlastet und auf diese Weise im Extremfall völlig aufgezehrt wurde. Die Schöpfer der Erbrechtsordnung im fünften Buch des BGB hielten den Verzicht auf das Rechtsinstitut, das bei einer Überschwerung des Nachlasses, eine Kürzung der Vermächtnisse zugunsten des Erben vorsah, für "wünschenswerth und nicht bedenklich". Diese Entscheidung des historischen Gesetzgebers, die lex alcidia, die über einen Zeitraum von nahezu zwei Jahrtausenden bis zum Ende des letzten Jahrhunderts große Bedeutung innerhalb der erbrechtlichen Vorschriften beansprucht hatte, aufzugeben, wurde in der Folgezeit nicht mehr zur Diskussion gestellt. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit soll nun der Versuch unternommen werden, Versäumtes nachzuholen und die für die Abschaffung der lex Falcidia maßgeblichen Gründe näher zu betrachten. Hierbei wird erkennbar, daß die für die Abschaffung der lex Falcidia angeführten Argumente, namentlich im Lichte der Forschung zum römischen Erbrecht, fragwürdig sind - wurde doch der materielle Aspekt der Erbenstellung nicht in ausreichendem Maße berücksichtigt. Angesichts dessen und der Problematik, daß die Rechtsstellung des Erben, dessen Erbportion durch Vermächtnisse aufgezehrt wird, auf der Grundlage der erbrechtlichen Vorschriften des BGB nicht in zufriedenstellender Weise ausgestaltet wurde, ist die in der Einführung gestellte Frage "Brauchen wir die lex Falcidia?" immer noch aktuell.
Distributed Low-rank Matrix Factorization With Exact Consensus (2019)

Low-rank matrix factorization is a problem of broad importance, owing to the ubiquity of low-rank models in machine learning contexts. In spite of its non- convexity, this problem has a well-behaved geometric landscape, permitting local search algorithms such as gradient descent to converge to global minimizers. In this paper, we study low-rank matrix factorization in the distributed setting, where local variables at each node encode parts of the overall matrix factors, and consensus is encouraged among certain such variables. We identify conditions under which this new problem also has a well-behaved geometric landscape, and we propose an extension of distributed gradient descent (DGD) to solve this problem. The favorable landscape allows us to prove convergence to global optimality with exact consensus, a stronger result than what is provided by off-the-shelf DGD theory.
Spectroscopic and Scattering Techniques (2010)

Abstract This chapter reviews techniques that depend on the spectroscopic analysis of scattered laser light by atoms or molecules in a gas. A number of techniques are available today that can provide quantitative information about species concentration, gas density, temperature, pressure, and velocity. In most cases, the measurements are resolved in space and in time. In addition to single‐point measurements, two‐ or three‐dimensional quantitative imaging of the desired flow parameter are possible with some of the techniques. Scattering and spectroscopic methods are non‐intrusive since only the laser beam is present in the measurement environment. Hence, they are well suited for aerodynamics applications, particularly for high‐speed and reacting flows. The measurement techniques discussed here are absorption spectroscopy, Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF), and coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS).
Lef1‐mediated up‐regulation of Epac1 expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemic Cells (2012)

Exchange protein activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1), a guanine‐nucleotide exchange factor for the small G‐protein Rap. Contributes to anti‐apoptosis and other cAMP‐mediated actions. Limited previous studies have noted that up‐regulation of Epac1 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We assessed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and found that Epac1 mRNA (real‐time PCR) and protein (immunoblotting) are up‐regulated ~70 fold and ~10 fold, respectively, in CLL patients compared to controls. We hypothesized that this increase in Epac1 expression is results from increased transcriptional activity of the Epac1 gene. Deletional analysis of the 2kb promoter region directly upstream of the Epac1 start site revealed that the region necessary for basal expression is located within 100 base pairs of the transcriptional start site. Overexpression of Lef‐1, a transcription factor up‐regulated in CLL, increased activity of a Epac1 promoter luciferase reporter in a CLL cell line but not a normal B‐cell cell line. Stimulation of CLL cells with Wnt3 did not increase activity of the Epac1 promoter reporter but increased activity of a Lef1 luciferase reporter. These results, which indicate that Epac1 is up‐regulated in CLL patients and that Lef1 regulates Epac1 by a non‐cannonical pathway that is unique to the CLL B cells, define a transcriptional mechanism for the regulation of Epac expression in human disease.
Development of FeCo-based thin films for gigahertz applications (2005)

For improving high-frequency characteristics and soft magnetic properties of (Fe/sub 7/Co/sub 3/)B-based thin films, the effects of Ni addition and an oblique deposition method on the microstructures have been examined. The Ni addition to (Fe/sub 7/Co/sub 3/)B films was found to enhance B segregation on grain boundaries, which resulted in the formation of a well-defined columnar structure and the increase of film resistivity. Utilizing the columnar structure, large in-plane anisotropy was induced by an oblique deposition method which enabled the control of the inclination angle of the columns. As a result, the ferromagnetic resonance of (Fe/sub 7/Co/sub 3/)/sub 71/Ni/sub 7/B/sub 22/ thin films reached 6.2GHz.
The Bacillus anthracis Cell Envelope: Composition, Physiological Role, and Clinical Relevance (2020)

Anthrax is a highly resilient and deadly disease caused by the spore-forming bacterial pathogen <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>. The bacterium presents a complex and dynamic composition of its cell envelope, which changes in response to developmental and environmental conditions and host-dependent signals. Because of their easy to access extracellular locations, <i>B. anthracis</i> cell envelope components represent interesting targets for the identification and development of novel therapeutic and vaccine strategies. This review will focus on the novel insights regarding the composition, physiological role, and clinical relevance of <i>B. anthracis</i> cell envelope components.
First International Workshop on Conversational Approaches to Information Retrieval (CAIR'17) (2017)

Recent advances in commercial conversational services that allow naturally spoken and typed interaction, particularly for well-formulated questions and commands, have increased the need for more human-centric interactions in information retrieval. The First International Workshop on Conversational Approaches to Information Retrieval (CAIR`17) brings together academic and industrial researchers to create a forum for research on conversational approaches to search. A specific focus is on techniques that support complex and multi-turn user-machine dialogues for information access and retrieval, and multi-model interfaces for interacting with such systems. We invite submissions addressing all modalities of conversation, including speech-based, text-based, and multimodal interaction. We also welcome studies of human-human interaction (e.g., collaborative search) that can inform the design of conversational search applications, and work on evaluation of conversational approaches.
Emergent Headaches during Pregnancy: Correlation between Neurologic Examination and Neuroimaging (2007)

Emergent neuroimaging studies may reveal an underlying headache etiology in 27% of pregnant women. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to determine what clinical factors are predictive of a pathologic condition on neuroimaging studies.
Bismuth-doped fiber amplifier for the spectral region between 1630 and 1730 nm (2021)

The spectral region between 1600 and 1800 nm is still a band where optical amplifiers struggle to achieve satisfactory gain and output power levels. The output power typically does not exceed few tens of milliwatts, what severely limits some applications. In this paper, the bismuth-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) operating beyond 1600 nm is presented. We demonstrate the in-house developed BDFA capable of providing output powers that exceed 200 mW for wavelengths near 1700 nm. The performance of the amplifier is discussed and various properties of the device are presented such as gain characteristics and noise figure.
AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS BASED ON DECISION FORESTS (2004)

Annotating photographs with broad semantic labels can be useful in both image processing and content-based image retrieval. We show here how low-level features can be related to semantic photo categories, such as indoor, outdoor and close-up, using decision forests consisting of trees constructed according to CART methodology. We also show how the results can be improved by introducing a rejection option in the classification process. Experimental results on a test set of 4,500 photographs are reported and discussed.
Detection of video sequences using compact signatures (2006)

Digital representations are widely used for audiovisual content, enabling the creation of large online repositories of video, allowing access such as video on demand. However, the ease of copying and distribution of digital video makes piracy a growing concern for content owners. We investigate methods for identifying coderivative video content---that is, video clips that are derived from the same original source. By using dynamic programming to identify regions of similarity in video signatures, it is possible to efficiently and accurately identify coderivatives, even when these regions constitute only a small section of the clip being searched. We propose four new methods for producing compact video signatures, based on the way in which the video changes over time. The intuition is that such properties are likely to be preserved even when the video is badly degraded. We demonstrate that these signatures are insensitive to dramatic changes in video bitrate and resolution, two parameters that are often altered when reencoding. In the presence of mild degradations, our methods can accurately identify copies of clips that are as short as 5 s within a dataset 140 min long. These methods are much faster than previously proposed techniques; using a more compact signature, this query can be completed in a few milliseconds.
An Exploration of Feature Detector Performance in the Thermal-Infrared Modality (2011)

Thermal-infrared images have superior statistical properties compared with visible-spectrum images in many low-light or no-light scenarios. However, a detailed understanding of feature detector performance in the thermal modality lags behind that of the visible modality. To address this, the first comprehensive study on feature detector performance on thermal-infrared images is conducted. A dataset is presented which explores a total of ten different environments with a range of statistical properties. An investigation is conducted into the effects of several digital and physical image transformations on detector repeatability in these environments. The effect of non-uniformity noise, unique to the thermal modality, is analyzed. The accumulation of sensor non-uniformities beyond the minimum possible level was found to have only a small negative effect. A limiting of feature counts was found to improve the repeatability performance of several detectors. Most other image transformations had predictable effects on feature stability. The best-performing detector varied considerably depending on the nature of the scene and the test.
Rapid Adaptation of NE Resolvers for Humanities Domains using Active Annotation (2011)

Rapid Adaptation of NE Resolvers
Design and Implementation of Integrated Common Mode Capacitors for SiC-JFET Inverters (2013)

This paper deals with the issue of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in SiC-JFET inverter power modules, and proposes a solution to limit conducted emissions at high frequencies. SiC-JFET inverters can achieve very fast switching, thereby reducing commutation losses, at the cost of a high level of EMI. In order to limit conducted EMI emissions, it is proposed to integrate small-value common-mode (CM) capacitors, directly into the power module. High-frequency noise, which is usually difficult to filter, is then contained within the module, thus keeping it far from the external network. This approach is in line with the current trend toward the integration of various functions (such as protection, sensors or drivers) around power devices in modern power modules. To demonstrate this concept, the resulting CM noise was investigated, and compared with a standard configuration. Simulations were used to design the integrated capacitors, and measurements were carried out on an experimental SiC-JFET half-bridge structure. A significant reduction was achieved in the experimentally observed CM conducted emissions, with a very minor influence on the switching waveforms, losses, and overall size of the system. The benefits and limitations of this design are discussed for the case of mid-power range inverters for aircraft applications.
<i>Precision Motion Control: Design and Implementation</i> (2002)

Precision Tracking Motion Control.- Automatic Tuning of Control Parameters.- Co-ordinated Motion Control of Gantry Systems.- Geometrical Error Compensation.- Electronic Interpolation Errors.- Vibration Monitoring and Control.- Other Engineering Aspects.
Pattern classification in social network analysis: a case study (2005)

We present the methodology and results of a proof of concept study that characterized actors in a simulated dataset as terrorists or nonterrorists by applying statistical classifiers to their social network analysis (SNA) metric values. The simulated datasets modeled the social interactions that occur within Leninist cell organizations and those that occur in more typical social structures. Multivariate Bayesian classifiers operating on the actors' global betweenness centrality and local average path length achieved the best performance. These solved the three-class classification problem (cell leader, cell member, or non-terrorist) at 86% accuracy and the two-class classification problem (terrorist or non-terrorist) at 93% accuracy. An algorithm for defining local windows in multimodal social network graphs is also presented.
TLR-4 Inhibition Attenuates Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Stenosis in Arteriovenous Fistula in Yucatan Miniswine (2022)

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access in hemodialysis patients; however, it is afflicted with a high failure rate. Chronic inflammation, excessive neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), vessel stenosis, early thrombosis, and failure of outward remodeling are the major causes of AVF maturation failure. Inflammatory mediator toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 plays a critical role in NIH, arterial thrombosis, and stenosis. We investigated the effect of TLR-4 inhibition on early thrombosis. Yucatan miniswine were used to create AVF involving femoral artery and femoral vein and treated with TLR-4 inhibitor TAK-242 with ethanol as the vehicle. The vessels were assessed after 12 weeks using histomorphometry, immunostaining, ultrasound, angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Inhibition of TLR-4 attenuated inflammation and early thrombosis in 50% of animals, and blood flow was present through AVF in 25% of animals. Thus, targeting TLR-4 to attenuate inflammation and early thrombosis might be a therapeutic approach to keep AVF patent and maintain blood flow through the outflow vein.