gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Dendrobium officinale</i> Polysaccharide Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation by Promoting Small Extracellular Vesicle Packaging of miR-433-3p (2021)

<i>Dendrobium officinale</i> polysaccharide (DOP) attenuates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but its role in regulating cross-talk between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and macrophages against IBD is unclear. This study aimed to investigate DOP protective effects on the intestinal inflammatory response through regulation by miRNA in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Our results show that DOP interfered with the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (DIEs) by IEC, which reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators. Increased miR-433-3p expression in DIEs was identified as an important protector against intestinal inflammation. DOP regulated the loading of miR-433-3p by hnRNPA2B1 into the intestinal sEV to increase the abundance of miR-433-3p. DIEs delivered miR-433-3p to lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages and targeted the MAPK8 gene, leading to inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway and reduced production of inflammatory cytokines. One protective mechanism of DOP is mediated by intestinal sEV containing miR-433-3p, which is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of inflammatory factor accumulation from excessive intestinal macrophage activity and for restoring homeostasis in the intestinal microenvironment.
Elevated formation of nitrate and N-nitrosodimethylamine in woodchucks (Marmota monax) associated with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection. (1991)

Nitrate balance and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) excretion were studied in woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). Twenty-four-h urinary recovery of a bolus dose of [15N]nitrate was 54 +/- 12% in woodchucks. WHV-infected animals formed 3-fold more nitrate endogenously than did control animals (P less than 0.01). Treatment of WHV-infected animals with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide increased nitrate excretion 15-fold, while uninfected animals increased nitrate excretion 4-fold. The endogenous formation of NDMA was higher in WHV-infected woodchucks than in uninfected controls. After administration of L-[15N2]arginine, [15N]nitrate, and [15N]NDMA were detected in urine indicating that arginine is a precursor of biosynthesized nitrate and the hepatocarcinogen NDMA. NDMA probably results from the formation of nitrosating agents during the oxidation of arginine to oxides of nitrogen and citrulline. Woodchucks chronically infected with WHV develop hepatocellular carcinomas with high frequency. Our observations suggest an additional mechanism that may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic WHV infection.
Importance analysis with Markov chains (2003)

In this paper, the authors introduce novel techniques for computing importance measures in state space dependability models. Specifically, reward functions in a Markov reward model (MRM) are utilized for this purpose, in contrast to the common method of computing importance measures through combinatorial models and structure functions. The advantage of bringing these measures in the context of MRMs is that the mapping extends the applicability of these substantial results of reliability engineering, previously considered only associated with fault trees and other combinatorial modeling techniques. As a consequence, software packages that allows the automatic description of MRMs can easily compute the importance measures under this new circumstance.
Stapling peptides using cysteine crosslinking (2016)

Stapled peptides are an emerging class of cyclic peptide molecules with enhanced biophysical properties such as conformational and proteolytic stability, cellular uptake and elevated binding affinity and specificity for their biological targets. Among the limited number of chemistries available for their synthesis, the cysteine-based stapling strategy has received considerable development in the last few years driven by facile access from cysteine-functionalized peptide precursors. Here we present some recent advances in peptide and protein stapling where the side-chains of cysteine residues are covalently connected with a range of different crosslinkers affording bisthioether macrocyclic peptides of varying topology and biophysical properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 843-852, 2016.
Einfluss von Arginin auf die Entstehung einer Western Style Diät-induzierten nicht alkoholbedingten Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD): Untersuchungen im Mausmodell (2015)

Die Prävalenz der nicht-alkoholbedingten Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) hat weltweit in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark zugenommen. Neben einer generellen Überernährung, aber auch einer fett- und zuckerreichen Ernährung, werden genetische Faktoren und Veränderungen der Darmbarrierefunktion zu den Risikofaktoren gezählt. Veränderungen im Arginin/Citrullin-Stoffwechsel sind anhand von tierexperimentellen Studien aber auch Humanstudien deutlich erkennbar. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es den Effekt einer oralen Supplementation von Arginin (2,49 g/kg KG) auf die Entstehung einer Western Style Diät (WSD)-induzierten NAFLD im Mausmodell zu untersuchen. C57BL/6J-Mäuse erhielten 6 Wochen lang entweder eine modifizierte Standard-Flüssigdiät (= Kontrolle) oder eine mit Fruktose, Fett und Cholesterin angereicherte Flüssigdiät (= WSD) ± 2,49 g/kg KG Arginin pro Tag, paargefüttert. Körper- und Lebergewicht, Parameter der Leberschädigung, Fettsäurenverteilung der Lebergesamtlipide sowie Marker der Darmbarriere wurden bestimmt. Die Fütterung der WSD führte nach 6 Wochen zur Entstehung einer Lebersteatose mit beginnenden entzündlichen Veränderungen. Dieser Effekt der WSD auf die Leber war bei den mit Arginin behandelten Tieren vermindert. Der protektive Effekt der oralen Suppelementation von Arginin auf die Leber war mit einer Veränderung der prozentualen Fettsäurenverteilung, sowie einer deutlich geringeren Tumornekrosefaktor-alpha-Konzentration und der verminderten Anzahl an neutrophilen Granulozyten assoziiert. Auch die Darmbarriere der Mäuse, gemessen an der Veränderung des Tight-Junction-Proteins Occludin, blieb bei den Kontrolltieren sowie unter Gabe von Arginin verglichen zu ausschließlich mit WSD gefütterten Tieren unvermindert. Insgesamt weisen die bisherigen Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die orale Supplementation von Arginin einen präventiven, verlangsamenden Einfluss auf die Entstehung der WSD-induzierten NAFLD im Mausmodell hat. (Gefördert durch die DFG: BE 2376/6 – 1)
Radiotherapy and inhibition of the EGF family as treatment strategies for prostate cancer: combining theragnostics with theragates (2011)

Prostate cancer is one of the most common solid tumors affecting men. Localized stages can be cured, however, once disseminated to distant organs the median survival drops below 12 months. The challenge for the future consists of unifying gained insights of cellular signal dysfunctioning (‘‘theragates’’) with the knowledge of disease detection (‘‘theragnostics’’) in personalized therapy. In solid malignancies, multiple signal transduction molecules are often deregulated simultaneously, within the same tumor. A multi-targeted approach may possibly improve efficacy, but will also increase toxicity, thus, potentially limiting the use of various combinations. On the other hand, well-established treatment modalities in prostate cancer, such as radiotherapy with its known efficacy and limited toxicity, may be an attractive combination partner for protein kinase inhibitors. Deregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signal transduction pathway is observed in a variety of solid tumors, including prostate cancer. Furthermore, one important DNA repair mechanism is dependent on EGFR nuclear translocation, thus, providing a rationale for combining radiotherapy with EGFR inhibitors. This article reviews current knowledge regarding this combination paradigm, revealing an intriguing therapy option to be explored for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Abstract 14531: Chitinase Inhibitor, Allosamidin, Accelerates Atherosclerotic Lesions in Hyperlipidemic Mice by Influencing M1/M2 Polarization and Cholesterol Metabolism in Macrophages (2012)

Objective: Chitotriosidase (Chitinase 1, CHIT1) is a glycosyl hydrolase with chitinase activity that cleaves chitin, a biopolymer ubiquitously found in insects, fungi, crustaceans, and parasites. D...
Impact of Genotype Misclassification on Genetic Association Estimates and the Bayesian Adjustment (2009)

Genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms are subject to misclassification. If ignored, such misclassification can seriously distort the estimated genotype effects on the disease or outcome of interest. Validation data (gold standard or replicated surrogates) are required to assess the degree of misclassification and make adjustments. In practice, gold standard measurements may be unavailable or impractical. Collecting replicated surrogates is a reasonable option for validation data. In most practical applications, collecting replicated surrogates on all study subjects is not feasible; however, obtaining replicated surrogates on a subsample of the study population may be quite feasible. Generating duplicate data for a subsample of the study population is now common practice among genotyping laboratories. The authors propose a Bayesian method that can adjust for genotype misclassification using partial validation data. Simulation results show that the proposed method substantially reduces misclassification bias from the estimated genotype-disease association and provides appropriate uncertainty assessment, as well as improves other desirable properties of the estimated effects. The authors also provide an example showing the application of the proposed method to study data relating non-Hodgkin lymphoma to a single nucleotide polymorphism in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene.
<b>CALDAY</b>: Julian day number since 1900 January 0.5 to calendar date (1990)

The result of an astronomical calculation is sometimes an instant of time, expressed as a number of days since a fundamental epoch. In our convention, that epoch is 1900 January 0.5, and the number of days elapsed since then is represented by the real variable DJ. For example, we may have calculated the time of the next lunar eclipse as DJ = 30 815.69, but unless we are familiar with the interpretation of such numbers, the result will not mean very much to us. We need a conversion routine to convert a Julian day number into a calendar date, the inverse function of JULDAY.
Gut Microbiota Composition Before and After Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (2018)

Our quantitative RT-PCR results showed that gut dysbiosis was caused by PPI use, corroborating previous results obtained by metagenomic analysis.
Tunable Bandstop Defected Ground Structure Resonator Using Reconfigurable Dumbbell-Shaped Coplanar Waveguide (2006)

A modification of the conventional dumbbell-shaped coplanar waveguide defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed. This modification permits the continuous tuning of the rejected frequencies by using reconfiguration technique and it allows the control of the DGS equivalent-circuit model. The modified DGS possesses two-dimensional symmetry, hence, it has been studied under different symmetry conditions and the corresponding equivalent-circuit model in each case has been developed. Based upon this study, a tunable bandstop DGS resonator is proposed. 19% tuning range centered at 3.7 and 7.4 GHz, respectively, is achieved. The equivalent-circuit model of the resonator is also developed. All proposed structures have been fabricated. Measurements as well as three-dimensional simulations are found to be in a very good agreement with theoretical predictions
Electrode Surface Confinement of Self-Assembled Enzyme Aggregates Using Magnetic Nanoparticles and Its Application in Bioelectrocatalysis (2006)

Self-assembled enzyme aggregates, prepared from magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, avidin, and a biotinylated redox enzyme, were shown particularly useful for the simple, fast, and efficient construction of highly enzyme-loaded electrodes with the help of a magnet. The approach was illustrated in the case of the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of NADH by a diaphorase oxidoreductase in the presence of a ferrocene mediator. Two different self-assembling procedures were tested, taking advantage of the spontaneous aggregation of the nanoparticles in the presence of avidin and also of the multivalency binding of biotinylated diaphorase toward avidin. Activities of the bound and unbound diaphorase were systematically controlled allowing determination of the number of active biotinylated diaphorase per nanoparticle incorporated within each magnetic enzyme aggregate. An active enzyme loading capacity of up to 2.35 nmol mg-1 was found for the best nanostructured enzyme assembly, which is 200 times better than for commercialized magnetic micrometer-sized beads coated with streptavidin and saturated with diaphorase. With the help of a permanent magnet, the magnetic enzyme aggregates were finally magnetically collected as a film on the surface of a small screen-printed carbon electrode and the catalytic currents recorded by cyclic voltammetry. From the analysis of the steady-state catalytic current responses and the kinetic rate constants of biotinylated diaphorase, it was possible to determine the enzyme concentration within the magnetic films. Owing to the high enzyme loading in the aggregates of nanoparticles (i.e., 130 microM), the catalytic current responses were definitely higher than the ones measured at an electrode coated with a closed-packed monolayer of diaphorase or at an electrode covered with a film of magnetic micrometer-sized streptavidin beads saturated with diaphorase.
Flight Control Design and Simulation Handling Qualities Assessment of High Speed Rotorcraft (2019)

The U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate has developed generic high-fidelity flight-dynamics models of two advanced high-speed rotorcraft configurations - a lift offset coaxial helicopter with a pusher propeller and a tiltrotor. The models were developed to provide the government with independent control-system design, handling-qualities analysis, and simulation research capabilities for these types of aircraft in support of the Future Vertical Lift initiate. Full flight envelope explicit model following control systems were designed for both configurations using a multi-objective optimization approach to meet a comprehensive set of stability, handling qualities, and performance requirements. The control laws for both aircraft were evaluated in a piloted simulation experiment at the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator using a series of high-speed handling qualities demonstration maneuvers. This paper discusses the control laws and the results of the piloted handling qualities assessment. The results from the simulation experiment show overall assigned Level 1 handling qualities for both aircraft.
Handbook of Photomedicine (2013)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
ChemInform Abstract: Melt‐Spinning of AB5.5‐Type Hydride‐Forming Compounds and the Influence of Annealing on Electrochemical and Crystallographic Properties. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inkjet Printable Dispersions of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles (2010)

Miniaturization and increased complexity of electronic devices are two major trends in the electronic industry. Recent research indicates that inkjet printing can be successfully used in building smaller and more complex structures. This paper describes new methods for generating inkjet printable dispersions of highly dispersed silver and gold nanoparticles. The patterns deposited with a ‘drop-on-demand’ inkjet printer were sintered at different temperatures and converted into thin, highly conductive metal layers. In the case of silver, we show that the film microstructure and electrical resistivity can be tailored by using bimodal particle size distributions.
A VLSI Design Flow for Secure Side-Channel Attack Resistant ICs (2007)

This paper presents a digital VLSI design flow to create secure, side-channel attack (SCA) resistant integrated circuits. The design flow starts from a normal design in a hardware description language such as VHDL or Verilog and provides a direct path to a SCA resistant layout. Instead of a full custom layout or an iterative design process with extensive simulations, a few key modifications are incorporated in a regular synchronous CMOS standard cell design flow. We discuss the basis for side-channel attack resistance and adjust the library databases and constraints files of the synthesis and place &amp; route procedures accordingly. Experimental results show that a DPA attack on a regular single ended CMOS standard cell implementation of a module of the DES algorithm discloses the secret key after 200 measurements. The same attack on a secure version still does not disclose the secret key after more than 2000 measurements.
<i>Acidobacteria</i> Phylum Sequences in Uranium-Contaminated Subsurface Sediments Greatly Expand the Known Diversity within the Phylum (2007)

ABSTRACT The abundance and composition of bacteria of the phylum Acidobacteria were surveyed in subsurface sediments from uranium-contaminated sites using amplification of 16S rRNA genes followed by clone/sequence analysis. Analysis of sequences from this study and public databases produced a revised and greatly expanded phylogeny of the Acidobacteria phylum consisting of 26 subgroups.
Stroke in atrial fibrillation—hope on the horizon? (2010)

Atrial fibrillation (AF), a chaotic and irregular contraction of the atria, remains the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting up to 1.5 per cent of the world population. It has significant economic and personal implications primarily owing to the associated fivefold increase in risk of thromboembolic stroke. The mainstay of risk reduction therapy remains warfarin, use of which can be limited owing to a multitude of issues ranging from drug and food interactions to under-treatment reflected in sub-therapeutic blood levels despite adequate compliance. Pursuit of novel drug alternatives have led to the licence of a new contender (Dabigatran) with a more attractive pharmacotherapeutic profile, some 50 years after warfarin was introduced for human use. A recent non-pharmacological alternative is the Watchman device which has received licence for use. Tested in the PROTECT-AF study, the Watchman device was found to be non-inferior to warfarin in the occurrence of stroke, cardiovascular or unexplained death, or systemic emboli for up to 3 years with less intracranial haemorrhages. The events in the watchman group occurred early and were related to the procedure. These peri-procedural complications are likely to diminish with improved operator experience and ongoing development of the technology. For now, patients with AF who would benefit tremendously from but cannot be treated with warfarin owing to contraindication to, or intolerance of, anticoagulation are considered for device implantation. Despite promising new pharmacotherapeutic advances in the prevention of strokes related to AF, it has taken 50 years for alternative non-pharmacological approaches to become available for clinical use.
The Role of α-Galactosylceramide-Activated Vα14 Natural Killer T Cells in the Regulation of Th2 Cell Differentiation (2001)

Valpha14 natural killer T (NKT) cells produce large amounts of both IL-4 and IFN-gamma upon stimulation with a ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), and play a crucial role in various immune responses, including allergic diseases. Interestingly, Valpha14 NKT cells are not essential for the induction of IgE responses but rather induce suppression of specific IgE production upon activation. The suppression in the IgE production is not detected either in Valpha14 NKT cell-deficient mice or in IFN-gamma-deficient mice. Thus, activated Valpha14 NKT cells are likely to exert a potent suppressive activity on Th2 cell differentiation and subsequent IgE production by producing a large amount of IFN-gamma. In marked contrast, little regulatory effect of IL-4 produced by Valpha14 NKT cells on Th2 cell differentiation is suggested.
Phenotypic, molecular characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility and draft genome sequence of Corynebacterium argentoratense strains isolated from clinical samples (2016)

During a 12-year period we isolated five Corynebacterium argentoratense strains identified by phenotypic methods, including the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was determined, and genome sequencing for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes was performed. The organisms were isolated from blood and throat cultures and could be identified by all methods used. All strains were resistant to cotrimoxazole, and resistance to β-lactams was partly present. Two strains were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. The draft genome sequences of theses isolates revealed the presence of the erm(X) resistance gene that is embedded in the genetic structure of the transposable element Tn5423. Although rarely reported as a human pathogen, C. argentoratense can be involved in bacteraemia and probably in other infections. Our results also show that horizontal transfer of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance is occurring in this species.
2-D Simulation of Hot Electron-Phonon Interactions in a Submicron Gallium Nitride Device Using Hydrodynamic Transport Approach (2012)

In this study, a thermal and electrical coupled device solver is developed to simulate the energy transfer mechanism within a GaN FET with a gate length of 0.2 μm. The simulation simultaneously solves a set of hydrodynamic equations (derived from the Boltzmann Transport Equation) and the Poisson equation for electron, optical phonon and acoustic phonon energies, electron number density, electric field and electric potential. This approach has been previously established for gallium arsenide (GaAs) devices [36,37], but has not been extended to GaN due to the lack of readily available property values for GaN devices that are required. Via extensive literature study, high-fidelity properties for GaN were collected in analytical forms with respect to many dependencies, e.g. lattice temperature, electrical field, electron number density, doping rate, defects rate. These properties are then implemented into the developed code to provide a high accuracy sub-micron GaN device simulation. Simulations show that non-equilibrium heat generation is exhibited in a typical device while the drain current is reduced due to the decrease in electron mobility. Future analysis is needed to quantify the hot-electron effect on reducing the drain current and to discover more effective ways of heat removal.