gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Escherichia coli</i>Methionine Aminopeptidase:  Implications of Crystallographic Analyses of the Native, Mutant, and Inhibited Enzymes for the Mechanism of Catalysis<sup>,</sup> (1999)

By improving the expression and purification of Escherichia coli methionine aminopeptidase (eMetAP) and using slightly different crystallization conditions, the resolution of the parent structure was extended from 2.4 to 1.9 A resolution. This has permitted visualization of the coordination geometry and solvent structure of the active-site dinuclear metal center. One solvent molecule (likely a mu-hydroxide) bridges the trigonal bipyramidal (Co1) and octahedral (Co2) cobalt ions. A second solvent (possibly a hydroxide ion) is bound terminally to Co2. A monovalent cation binding site was also identified about 13 A away from the metal center at an interface between the two subdomains of the protein. The first structure of a substrate-like inhibitor, (3R)-amino-(2S)-hydroxyheptanoyl-L-Ala-L-Leu-L-Val-L-Phe-OMe, bound to a methionine aminopeptidase, has also been determined. This inhibitor coordinates the metal center through four interactions as follows: (i) ligation of the N-terminal (3R)-nitrogen to Co2, (ii, iii) bridging coordination of the (2S)-hydroxyl group, and (iv) terminal ligation to Co1 by the keto oxygen of the pseudo-peptide linkage. Inhibitor binding occurs with the displacement of two solvent ligands and the expansion of the coordination sphere of Co1. In addition to the tetradentate, bis-chelate metal coordination, the substrate analogue forms hydrogen bonds with His79 and His178, two conserved residues within the active site of all MetAPs. To evaluate their importance in catalysis His79 and His178 were replaced with alanine. Both substitutions, but especially that of His79, reduce activity. The structure of the His79Ala apoenzyme and the comparison of its electronic absorption spectra with other variants suggest that the loss in activity is not due to a conformational change or a defective metal center. Two different reaction mechanisms are proposed and are compared to those of related enzymes. These results also suggest that inhibitors analogous to that reported here may be useful in preventing angiogenesis in cancer and in the treatment of microbial and fungal infections.
Compatible Corrosion and Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors for Wet Sour Gas Transmission Lines (2009)

Abstract Corrosion-induced leaks of carbon steel pipelines and gas-hydrate blockages are prime concerns in oil and gas transportation. In addition to the safety and environmental matters, corrosion and hydrate formation can have severe financial consequences to the operator. Pipeline integrity and flow assurance are, therefore, of paramount importance. Chemical inhibitors to mitigate metal degradation and to protect pipelines from gas-hydrate obstructions are commonly utilised, but compatible corrosion inhibitor (CI) and kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) formulations are often difficult to put together for wet sour gas applications. Oftentimes, it is found that the presence of a KHI has an adverse effect on the performance of the CI or vice versa. This paper presents data from a laboratory research programme which resulted in the successful development of new corrosion inhibitor products exhibiting outstanding compatibility with a kinetic hydrate inhibitor under simulated wet sour gas pipeline operating conditions.
Alpha-synuclein oligomer-selective antibodies reduce intracellular accumulation and mitochondrial impairment in alpha-synuclein exposed astrocytes (2017)

Our results demonstrate that oligomer-selective antibodies can prevent α-syn accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured astrocytes.
A unified closed-loop stability measure for finite-precision digital controller realizations implemented in different representation schemes (2003)

A computationally tractable unified finite word length closed-loop stability measure is derived which is applicable to fixed-point, floating-point and block-floating-point representation schemes. Both the dynamic range and precision of an arithmetic scheme are considered in this new unified measure. For each arithmetic scheme, the optimal controller realization problem is defined and a numerical optimization approach is adopted to solve it. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the design procedure and to compare the optimal controller realizations in different representation schemes.
The medial border of the tibial tuberosity as an auxiliary tool for tibial component rotational alignment during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (2016)

Cohort and case control studies, Level III.
Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Early Complete Neurological Recovery after Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2010)

Rapid complete recovery can be achieved in up to a fifth of acute stroke patients treated with thrombolysis. These patients are younger and have milder strokes, less often with cardioembolic origin. Better outcome and lower mortality are sustained at 3 months.
Organoamido‐ and Aryloxo‐lanthanoids, 14. Organometallic Compounds of the Lanthanoids, 106. Synthesis and Characterisation of Complexes of Lanthanoid Pyrazolates with 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane and the X‐Ray Structures of (1,2‐Dimethoxyethane‐<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>:<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>)(1,2‐dimethoxyethane‐<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>)tris(3,5‐diphenylpyrazolato)erbium(III) and <i>catena</i>‐Poly[tris(3,5‐di‐<i>tert</i>‐butylpyrazolato)‐μ‐(1,2‐dimethoxyethane‐<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>:<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>)‐neodymium(III)] (1996)

Abstract The complexes [Ln(Ph 2 pz) 3 (DME) 2 ] and [Ln( t Bu 2 pz) 3 (DME)] (Ln = La, Nd, Er; Ph 2 pzH = 3,5‐diphenylpyrazole; t Bu 2 pzH = 3,5‐di‐ tert ‐butylpyrazole; DME = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane) have been prepared by reaction of the lanthanoid metal with bis(pentafluorophenyl)mercury and the pyrazole in DME. The molecular structures of [Er(Ph 2 pz) 3 (DME) 2 ] ( 3 ) and [Nd( t Bu 2 pz) 3 (DME)] ∞ ( 5 ) have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Complex 3 has nine‐coordinate Er with three chelating Ph 2 pz ligands and one chelating and one η 1 ‐bound DME. There is a trigonal prismatic arrangement of the oxygen donors and the centres of the N – N bonds. 5 was found to be a linear polymer with transoid DME ligands bridging Nd( t Bu 2 pz) 3 units in a novel manner. The centres of the N – N bonds (which are essentially coplanar with Nd), and the oxygen donor atoms adopt an arrangement intermediate between trigonal‐bipyramidal and square‐pyramidal [O – Nd – O 153.5(2)°].
Induction of tolerance allows separation of lethal and antitumor activities of tumor necrosis factor in mice. (1991)

Multiple administration of sublethal doses of recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), e.g., 2 micrograms i.p. twice daily for 4 to 6 consecutive days, produces tachyphylaxis to the anorectic effects of TNF and tolerance towards a lethal challenge with recombinant murine TNF. The objective of this study was to examine whether the antitumor efficacy of TNF was retained in mice made tolerant. We treated tolerant and nontolerant C57BL/6 mice bearing a syngeneic B16BL6 melanoma tumor with repeated administrations of recombinant murine TNF (5 to 12.5 micrograms/injection) alone or in combination with recombinant murine gamma-interferon (5,000 to 50,000 units/injection). When the paralesional administration route was used, the tolerance-inducing pretreatment protected mice against the lethal outcome of both the single and the combination treatments (100% versus 40% survival in the former case; 80% versus 0% survival in the latter case) and still allowed complete regression of the tumor. When the i.p. route of administration was used, the final outcome was less positive; nevertheless, a significant protection against the lethal effects of the treatment was achieved without reduction of the antitumor efficacy. It is concluded that the toxic and antitumor activities of TNF are not inevitably linked and that their separation is an achievable research and perhaps a clinical goal.
Frequency offset Raman spectroscopy (FORS) for depth probing of diffusive media (2017)

We present a new technique, frequency offset Raman spectroscopy (FORS), to probe Raman spectra of diffusive media in depth. The proposed methodology obtains depth sensitivity exploiting changes in optical properties (absorption and scattering) with excitation wavelengths. The approach was demonstrated experimentally on a two-layer tissue phantom and compared with the already consolidated spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) technique. FORS attains a similar enhancement of signal from deep layers as SORS, namely 2.81 against 2.62, while the combined hybrid FORS-SORS approach leads to a markedly higher 6.0 enhancement. Differences and analogies between FORS and SORS are discussed, suggesting FORS as an additional or complementary approach for probing heterogeneous media such as biological tissues in depth.
In Vitro Human Skin Model To Evaluate Water Permeability and Determine Wound Dressings' Occlusivity (2007)

Wound dressings' occlusivity is directly correlated with water permeability and may affect wound healing. This study evaluated the wound dressings' occlusivity in comparison to their ability to retain water in an in vitro human skin model. Human cadaver skin was stretched over fully filled vials of physiological saline and banded. After 30 minutes, during which equilibrium was established, baseline values for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured. Then an occlusive film was placed over one skin, a semi-occlusive dressing over another and finally 100 microL of a 5% copolymer solution over the third piece of skin, which was then allowed to aerate until it formed a thin membrane. One skin sample was left fully exposed to the air, serving as a blank control. After 30 minutes post-treatment, the TEWL was re-measured for all the samples. TEWL values showed the occlusive film was the most water-impermeable, allowing only a mean of 1.6 g/m(2) hours of water to pass through and thus also showing a significant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison to the blank (untreated) control. Furthermore, the semi-occlusive membrane decreased TEWL but not significantly, whereas the film former appeared to have no effect. We found no significant decrease in TEWL in the semi-occlusive membrane and even in the film former. This in vitro model provides a fast and economical method of screening the effect of occlusivity in wound dressings.
A new synthesis of double labeled [7, 9 ‐<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>] folic acid (1994)

Abstract A convenient small scale chemical synthesis of double labeled folic acid with 13 C at positions C‐7 and C‐9 is reported. [1,3‐ 13 C 2 ] acetone was converted into folic acid in two steps, with [1, 1, 3]‐trichloroacetone as the labeled intermediate.
Fine-Mapping Additive and Dominant SNP Effects Using Group-LASSO and Fractional Resample Model Averaging (2020)

Genomewide association studies sometimes identify loci at which both the number and identities of the underlying causal variants are ambiguous. In such cases, statistical methods that model effects of multiple SNPs simultaneously can help disentangle the observed patterns of association and provide information about how those SNPs could be prioritized for follow-up studies. Current multi-SNP methods, however, tend to assume that SNP effects are well captured by additive genetics; yet when genetic dominance is present, this assumption translates to reduced power and faulty prioritizations. We describe a statistical procedure for prioritizing SNPs at GWAS loci that efficiently models both additive and dominance effects. Our method, LLARRMA-dawg, combines a group LASSO procedure for sparse modeling of multiple SNP effects with a resampling procedure based on fractional observation weights; it estimates for each SNP the robustness of association with the phenotype both to sampling variation and to competing explanations from other SNPs. In producing a SNP prioritization that best identifies underlying true signals, we show that: our method easily outperforms a single marker analysis; when additive-only signals are present, our joint model for additive and dominance is equivalent to or only slightly less powerful than modeling additive-only effects; and, when dominance signals are present, even in combination with substantial additive effects, our joint model is unequivocally more powerful than a model assuming additivity. We also describe how performance can be improved through calibrated randomized penalization, and discuss how dominance in ungenotyped SNPs can be incorporated through either heterozygote dosage or multiple imputation.
Possible Role for Acetylcholine as a Neurotransmitter in Canine Penile Erection (1989)

In 15 adult dogs, the possible role of acetylcholine as a parasympathetic neurotransmitter in canine penile erection was investigated. Intracavernous injection of increasing dosages of acetylcholine (0.1-100 micrograms) induced a dose-dependent erectile response with increased arterial flow, cavernous smooth muscle relaxation, and venous occlusion. This erectile response was completely abolished after muscarinic blockade by intracavernous injection of 0.1 mg atropine. After cavernous nerve stimulation, atropine injection significantly reduced the pudendal arterial flow (by 25%) and likewise caused a significant reduction in cavernous outflow restriction. Histologic staining showed acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers around the cavernous arteries and within the cavernous erectile tissue.
Influence of foliar traits, watershed physiography, and nutrient subsidies on stream water quality in the upper midwestern United States (2023)

The relationship between nutrient cycling and water quality in mixed-use ecosystems is driven by interactions among biotic and abiotic processes. However, the underlying processes cannot always be directly observed or modeled at broad spatial scales. Numerous empirical studies have employed land use patterns, variations in watershed physiography or disturbance regimes to characterize nutrient export from mixed-use watersheds, but simultaneously disentangling the effects of such factors remains challenging and few models directly incorporate vegetation biochemistry. Here we use structural equation models (SEMs) to assess the relative influence of foliar chemical traits (derived from imaging spectroscopy), watershed physiography, and human land use on the water quality (summer baseflow nitrate-N and soluble reactive phosphorus concentration) in watersheds across the Upper Midwestern United States. We use an SEM to link water quality (stream nitrate-nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus) to foliar retention (AVIRIS-Classic derived foliar traits related to recalcitrance), watershed retention (wetland proportion, MODIS Tasseled Cap Wetness), runoff (agricultural and urban land use), and watershed leakiness (AVIRIS-Classic foliar nitrogen, nitrogen deposition). The SEMs confirmed that variables associated with foliar retention derived from imaging spectroscopy are negatively related to watershed leakiness (standardized path coefficient = −0.892) and positively to watershed retention (standardized path coefficient = 0.705), with features related to watershed retention and runoff exerting the strongest controls on water quality (standardized path coefficients of −0.270 and 0.331 respectively). Comparing forested and agricultural watersheds, we found significantly increased importance of foliar retention to watershed leakiness in forests compared to agriculture (standardized coefficients of −1.004 and −0.764 respectively), with measures of watershed retention more important to runoff and water quality in agricultural watersheds. The results illustrate the capacity of imaging spectroscopy to provide measures of foliar traits that influence nutrient cycling in watersheds. Ultimately, the results may help focus development and restoration policies towards building more resilient landscapes that take into consideration associations among functional traits of vegetation, physiography and climate.
Soil compaction consequences in tobacco production in Croatia (2011)

Virginia type tobacco introduced in Croatia in tho 50's for the needs of tobacco production. Initially, it was planted on sandy soils and later the production spread to heavier soils in Northern Croatia, from Đurđevac to Donji Miholjac (Basic et al., 2007). Economic effects and the size of farms are the main reasons why tobacco is often grown as a monoculture oor in a very narrow rotation. Perennial tobacco growing in a monoculture on soils prone to compaction without adding organic matter led to degradation of arable layer, what was the reason of lower yield. Often shallow soil tillage on the same depth led to increased compaction in subploughing layer, especially on ploughing depth (Birkas, 2008). The major problem of tobacco soils in Croatia for current state of arable layer are of generic origin and the consequences of irregular managing of these soils are often deteriorated to the extent that water occasionally retain on the soil surface. Often emphasized compaction of plough and subplough layer makes the growth and development of the root system harder and it's the main limiting factor for acheiving higher yield and better leaf quality (Tursic, 1994 ; Tursic, Butorac, and Basic, 1994). Yield and quality of tobacco, with the genetic potential of cultivar, significantly depend on the current soil fertility, applied agricultural practices and climatic conditions during the vegetation period (Hawks and Collins, 1993). Approach to managing the soil-plant system in the growing area of Virginia tobacco has to include measures such as crop rotation, calcification, appropriate fertilizer application, soil tillage, erosion, control and conservation of water in soil. Not one measure can replace the other or profitable production can be maintained until all factors which affect the productivity are well balanced.
Analysis of a forward injection wideband traveling wave amplifier (1983)

Theoretical results will be presented for a wideband forward injection gyrotron traveling wave amplifier. The wideband frequency spectrum is obtained by employing a weakly tapered external magnetic field which is set above exact grazing. Operation at such magnetic fields has been demonstrated by initial experimental observations. It will be shown that, in spite of a large launching loss over the whole frequency region, it is possible to obtain significant gain over a broad bandwidth. Also, it will be shown that the absolute instability, that usually occurs in the gyrotron traveling wave amplifier, can be avoided by operating at a high beam voltage. Finally, results on the effect of temperature on the performance of the device will be presented.
Effect of Oxidized βB3-Crystallin Peptide on Lens β<sub>L</sub>-Crystallin: Interaction with βB2-Crystallin (2005)

Oxidized betaB3-peptide interacts with betaB2-crystallin and enhances its aggregation and precipitation. Peptide-induced aggregation and increased hydrophobicity of the lens crystallin at 37 degrees C are relevant to crystallin aggregation in the aging lenses.
Pitolisant long term effect in sleepy obstructive sleep apnea patients with CPAP (2021)

<b>Introduction:</b> Pitolisant is a histamine H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonist waking agent reducing sleepiness in narcolepsy. <b>Objectives:</b> HAROSA1 1 year study evaluated Pitolisant 20mg/d (P) efficacy and safety on residual excessive daytime sleepiness (rEDS) in obstructive sleep apnea patients (OSA) treated with CPAP with a good compliance. <b>Methods:</b> 2 periods were defined in HAROSA1: a 12 weeks double blind period (DB) comparing P vs placebo (pl) (n=244) and then was proposed a 40 weeks open label period (OL) with P (n=206). The primary criteria was the Epworth sleep scale (ESS) change and the main secondary criteria were sleep latency OSleR test (OSL), Pichot fatigue score (PF) and safety. <b>Results:</b> After 1 year, in patients with P during DB, we observed an additional ESS reduction -1.21 ± 3.12, an increase of OSL and an improvement of PF -1.6 ± 5.8 during OL. In patients with pl during DB and P during PO, we observed an ESS reduction -4.07 ± 5.29, an increase of sleep latency and improvement of PF-1.2 ± 5.8. Most frequent side effects were headaches, insomnia, nausea, vertigo without cardiovascular impact observed. <b>Conclusion:</b> After 1 year, OSA patients with CPAP and presenting rEDS treated with Pitolisant during DB were improved during OL on ESS, OSL and PF: Pitolisant efficacy was maintained during 1 year. OSA Patients with CPAP presenting rEDS with placebo during DB, then treated with Pitolisant (OL) were improved with a similar ESS reduction. Pitolisant showed a favourable benefit risk balance to manage rEDS in OSA patients with CPAP.
4-dimensional PSK trellis coding scheme using M-ary orthogonal modulation with a frequency-reuse technique (2002)

The 16 and 32-state trellis-coded M-ary 4-dimensional (4-D) orthogonal modulation schemes with a frequency-reuse technique have been investigated. Here, 5 coded bits from a rate 4/5 convolutional encoder provide 32 possible symbols. Then the signals are mapped by a M-ary 4-D orthogonal modulator, where each signal has equal energy and is PSK modulated. In the M-ary 4-D modulator, we have employed the vectors which are derived by the optimization technique of signal waveforms (OSW) in a 4-D sphere. This technique is used in maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between a set of signal points on a multidimensional sphere. By combining trellis coding with M-ary 4-D modulation and proper set-partitioning, we have obtained a considerable improvement in the free minimum distance of the system over an AWGN channel. The 16-state scheme obtains coding gains up to 5.5 dB over the uncoded two-independent QPSK scheme and 2.5 dB over the two-independent 2-D TCM scheme. And, the 32-state scheme obtains coding gains up to 6.4 dB over the uncoded two-independent QPSK scheme and 3.4 dB over the two-independent 2-D TCM scheme.
Co-silicide formation on silicon FEAs from Co, Co/Ti and Ti/Co layers (2003)

For enhancement and stabilization of electron emission, Co-silicides were formed from Co, Co/Ti and Ti/Co layers on silicon FEAs. The uniform and smooth Co-silicide layer can be obtained by depositing Co and Ti on silicon tips in order and rapid annealing. Best results were yielded from Ti/Co bi-layer, because Ti prevents oxygen adsorption on the Co film during silicidation. Compared with pure silicon field emitters, the silicide FEAs formed from Ti/Co layer exhibited a significant improvement in maximum emission current, stability and failure voltage.
Silicon Film Thickness Optimization for SOI-DTMOS From Circuit Performance Considerations (2004)

The performance of partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PDSOI) dynamic threshold MOSFET (DTMOS) devices is degraded by the body capacitance and body resistance, which depend strongly on the silicon film thickness. We show that the body RC time constant reduces up to a certain value of silicon film thickness, and then saturates. However, delay of a DTMOS circuit is affected not only by the RC delay of the body but also by the additional load capacitance, which appears due to the gate to body contact. In this paper, we propose a model for PDSOI-DTMOS circuit delay, taking the effect of body parasitics into account, and use it to study the circuit delay as a function of silicon film thickness. Using this model, we show that the optimum value of silicon film thickness is approximately equal to the depletion width in the silicon film in a typical sub-100-nm PDSOI-DTMOS technology.