gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting Iterative Virtual Reality Analytics Design and Evaluation by Systematic Generation of Surrogate Clustered Datasets (2021)

Virtual Reality (VR) is a promising technology platform for immersive visual analytics. However, the design space of VR analytics interface design is vast and difficult to explore using traditional A/B comparisons in formal or informal controlled experiments— a fundamental part of an iterative design process. A key factor that complicates such comparisons is the dataset. Exposing participants to the same dataset in all conditions introduces an unavoidable learning effect. On the other hand, using different datasets for all experimental conditions introduces the dataset itself as an uncontrolled variable, which reduces internal validity to an unacceptable degree. In this paper, we propose to rectify this problem by introducing a generative process for synthesizing clustered datasets for VR analytics experiments. This process generates datasets that are distinct while simultaneously allowing systematic comparisons in experiments. A key advantage is that these datasets can then be used in iterative design processes. In a two-part experiment, we show the validity of the generative process and demonstrate how new insights in VR-based visual analytics can be gained using synthetic datasets.
Broadband Circuit Analog Absorber Using Low-Cost Frequency Selective Surface (2021)

The authors propose a broadband circuit analog absorber using a low-cost frequency selective surface. The center of a Jerusalem cross element was modified to reduce four resistors on each arm to a single resistor. The elements were arranged in a chessboard-like configuration to cancel the cross-polarized reflection generated by the asymmetric shape of the element. The experimental results show the proposed absorber provides 61.1% bandwidth for -10-dB reflection at 6.7 GHz.
Data from Anti-CTLA-4 Immunotherapy Does Not Deplete FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in Human Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;CTLA-4 was the first inhibitory immune checkpoint to be identified. Two mAbs, ipilimumab (IgG1) and tremelimumab (IgG2), which block the function of CTLA-4, have demonstrated durable clinical activity in a subset of patients with advanced solid malignancies by augmenting effector T-cell–mediated immune responses. Studies in mice suggest that anti-CTLA-4 mAbs may also selectively deplete intratumoral FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; regulatory T cells via an Fc-dependent mechanism. However, it is unclear whether the depletion of FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells occurs in patients with cancer treated with anti-CTLA-4 therapies.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Quantitative IHC was used to evaluate the densities of intratumoral CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, and FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells in stage-matched melanoma (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 19), prostate cancer (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 17), and bladder cancer (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9) samples treated with ipilimumab and in paired melanoma tumors (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 18) treated with tremelimumab. These findings were corroborated with multiparametric mass cytometry analysis of tumor-infiltrating cells from paired fresh melanoma tumors (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 5) treated with ipilimumab.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Both ipilimumab and tremelimumab increase infiltration of intratumoral CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells without significantly changing or depleting FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells within the tumor microenvironment.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy does not deplete FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells in human tumors, which suggests that their efficacy could be enhanced by modifying the Fc portions of the mAbs to enhance Fc-mediated depletion of intratumoral regulatory T cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;See related commentary by Quezada and Peggs, p. 1130&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ACSA‐2 and GLAST classify subpopulations of multipotent and glial‐restricted cerebellar precursors (2021)

The formation of the cerebellum is highly coordinated to obtain its characteristic morphology and all cerebellar cell types. During mouse postnatal development, cerebellar progenitors with astroglial-like characteristics generate mainly astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. However, a subset of astroglial-like progenitors found in the prospective white matter (PWM) produces astroglia and interneurons. Characterizing these cerebellar astroglia-like progenitors and distinguishing their developmental fates is still elusive. Here, we reveal that astrocyte cell surface antigen-2 (ACSA-2), lately identified as ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 2 polypeptide, is expressed by glial precursors throughout postnatal cerebellar development. In contrast to common astrocyte markers, ACSA-2 appears on PWM cells but is absent on Bergmann glia (BG) precursors. In the adult cerebellum, ACSA-2 is broadly expressed extending to velate astrocytes in the granular layer, white matter astrocytes, and to a lesser extent to BG. Cell transplantation and transcriptomic analysis revealed that marker staining discriminates two postnatal progenitor pools. One subset is defined by the co-expression of ACSA-2 and GLAST and the expression of markers typical of parenchymal astrocytes. These are PWM precursors that are exclusively gliogenic. They produce predominantly white matter and granular layer astrocytes. Another subset is constituted by GLAST positive/ACSA-2 negative precursors that express neurogenic and BG-like progenitor genes. This population displays multipotency and gives rise to interneurons besides all glial types, including BG. In conclusion, this work reports about ACSA-2, a marker that in combination with GLAST enables for the discrimination and isolation of multipotent and glia-committed progenitors, which generate different types of cerebellar astrocytes.
Septic injury‐inducible genes in medicinal maggots of the green blow fly <i>Lucilia sericata</i> (2008)

Lucilia sericata maggots are used world-wide in biosurgery for the medical treatment of nonhealing wounds because they ingest necrotic tissues and significantly promote healing. To gain further insight into interdependencies between ecological adaptation and molecular evolution of innate immunity in Diptera, we used the suppression subtractive hybridization method to screen for genes that are differentially expressed in response to septic wounding of sterile second instar larvae of L. sericata. This approach resulted in the identification of 65 novel Lucilia genes including potential signalling proteins (e.g. inhibitor of apoptosis 2 protein) and a number of digestive enzymes including lipases and proteinases. Additionally, we found numerous putative antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as a potential Lucilia defensin, diptericin and three novel proline-rich AMPs. The identified genes may facilitate access to both peptides and proteins within the beneficial excretions, secretions and haemolymph of medicinal maggots and provide novel insights into the evolution of innate immunity in Diptera.
Abbreviated Psychologic Questionnaires Are Valid in Patients With Hand Conditions (2013)

Content validity, construct convergent validity, and criterion validity were established for the short versions of the PCS and SHAI. Using shorter forms creates small differences in mean values that we believe are unlikely to affect study results and are more efficient and advantageous because of the decreased responder burden.
Properties of CrOx/MCM-41 and Its Catalytic Activity in the Reaction of Propane Dehydrogenation in the Presence of CO2 (2023)

Propylene is an important raw material for the production of many valuable compounds, especially polypropylene, the consumption of which continues to grow every year. The reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane, where carbon dioxide is used as a mild oxidant, is a promising method for producing propylene. At the same time, the problem of utilization of greenhouse gas CO2 is partially solved. The synthesis and analysis of the physicochemical properties of mesoporous silicate MCM-41 and supported catalysts CrOx/MCM-41 prepared on its basis were carried out. These catalysts were prepared using incipient wetness impregnation. The support and catalysts were characterized by the methods of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, TPR-H2, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. It is shown that chromium is present in the samples simultaneously in the form of Cr3+ and Cr6+. The catalytic tests were performed in the range of 550–700 °C. The highest selectivity for propylene was observed for the 5%Cr/MCM-41 catalyst and was 76% at a temperature of 650 °C with a propane conversion of 20%. The deposited catalysts Cr/MCM-41 and Cr/SiO2 (Acros) were compared. The propylene selectivity for the MCM-41-supported catalyst was ~1.5 times higher than that for the SiO2-supported catalyst.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy Regulation Of Energy Metabolism In Female Mouse Hypothalamus (2014)

Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis in female mammals and a reduced ovarian function, due to natural aging or surgery, is associated with body weight increase and fat redistribution. This disruption of energy homeostasis may constitute a trigger for several pathologies known to be associated with climacterium; however, so far, limited attention has been devoted to the ability of estrogen replacement therapies (ERT) to reinstate the balanced energy metabolism characteristic of cycling female mammals. The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of selected ERTs in reversing the ovariectomy-induced gain in body weight. To this aim female ERE-Luc mice were ovariectomized and, after 3 weeks, treated per os for 21 days with: conjugated estrogens, two selective estrogen receptor modulators (bazedoxifene and raloxifene), and the combination of bazedoxifene plus conjugated estrogens (tissue-selective estrogen complex, TSEC). The study shows that the therapy based on TSEC was the most efficacious in reducing the body weight accrued by ovariectomy (OVX). In addition, by means of in vivo imaging, the TSEC treatment was shown to increase estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional activity selectively in the arcuate nucleus, which is a key area for the control of energy homeostasis. Finally, quantitative analysis of the mRNAs encoding orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides indicated that following ERT with TSEC there was a significant change in Agrp, NPY, and Kiss-1 mRNA accumulation in the whole hypothalamus. Considering that prior studies showed that ERT with TSEC was able to mimic the rhythm of ER oscillatory activity during the reproductive cycle and that such fluctuations were relevant for energy metabolism, the present observations further point to the ER tetradian oscillation as an important component of the ER signaling necessary for the full hormone action and therefore for an efficacious ERT.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral and Antineoplastic Activities of Some Novel Carbocyclic Guanosine Analogues with a Cyclobutane Ring. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SELECTING CULTIVARS OF BROCCOLI FOR OPTIMAL BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS: THE INFLUENCE OF SALINE STRESS (2012)

ISHS XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on Emerging Health Topics in Fruits and Vegetables SELECTING CULTIVARS OF BROCCOLI FOR OPTIMAL BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS: THE INFLUENCE OF SALINE STRESS
Best faces forward (2012)

This paper presents Faces, an application built to enable effective people search in the enterprise. We take advantage of the popularity Faces has gained within a globally distributed enterprise to provide an extensive analysis of how and why people search is used within the organization. Our study is primarily based on an analysis of the Faces query log over a period of more than four months, with over a million queries and tens of thousands of users. The analysis results are presented across four dimensions: queries, users, clicks, and actions, and lay the foundation for further advancement and research on the topic.
Low Overhead RFID Security* (2017)

A radio frequency identification device (RFID) technology is poised to revolutionize supply-chain management and the retail industry. This chapter examines various approaches to RFID security. It presents several examples of low overhead authentication algorithms. The chapter provides an algorithm for mutual tag and reader authentication—M2M that is specialized for the rental agency setting. It describes a reader-only authentication algorithm— proactive informational secure protocol (PISP). The chapter explores how low overhead algorithms such as M2M and PISP can be concurrently applied to multiple tags. It discusses the potential of low overhead cryptography in RFID applications. The apparent vulnerability of low overhead cryptography appears to limit its usability for RFID security. The security of algorithm is based on the difficulty of recovering the multiplicand or multiplier from the product of matrix multiplication. The need to adequately address RFID security and privacy is important for the technology to fully realize its potential.
Finite element modeling and simulation of piezoelectric wafer active sensors interaction with the host structure for structural health monitoring (2006)

Crack detection with piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) is emerging as an effective and powerful technique in structural health monitoring (SHM). Modeling and simulation of PWAS and host structure play an important role in the SHM applications with PWAS. For decades finite element method has been extensively applied in the analysis of piezoelectric materials and structures. The advantage of finite element analysis over analytical solutions is that stress and electrical field measurements of complex geometries, and their variations throughout the device, are more readily calculated. FEM allows calculation of the stress and electric field distributions under static loads and under any applied electrical frequency, and so the effect of device geometry can be assessed and optimized without the need to manufacture and test numerous devices. Coupled field analysis taking both mechanical motions and electrical characteristics into account should all be employed to provide a systemic overview of the piezoelectric sensors/actuators (even arrays of them) and the host structures. This use of PWAS for SHM has followed two main paths: (a). Wave propagation (b). Electromechanical impedance; Previous research has shown that PWAS can detect damage using wave reflections, changes in wave signature, or changes in the electromechanical (E/M) impedance spectrum. The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the use of finite element method (FEM) to simulate various SHM methods with PWAS. For the simulation of Electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance technique, simple models, like free PWAS of different shapes and 1-dimmension beam with PWAS are investigated and the simulated structural E/M impedance was presented. For the wave propagation SHM technique, a long beam with several PWAS installed was studied. One PWAS is excited by tone burst signals and mechanical wave will propagate along the beam. The existence of a crack will affect the structure integrity and the echo reflected by crack can be observed through the simulations.
YAP and TAZ couple osteoblast precursor mobilization to angiogenesis and mechanoregulated bone development (2023)

Endochondral ossification requires coordinated mobilization of osteoblast precursors with blood vessels. During adult bone homeostasis, vessel adjacent osteoblast precursors respond to and are maintained by mechanical stimuli; however, the mechanisms by which these cells mobilize and respond to mechanical cues during embryonic development are unknown. Previously, we found that deletion of the mechanoresponsive transcriptional regulators, YAP and TAZ, from Osterix-expressing osteoblast precursors and their progeny caused perinatal lethality. Here, we show that embryonic YAP/TAZ signaling couples vessel-associated osteoblast precursor mobilization to angiogenesis in developing long bones. Osterix-conditional YAP/TAZ deletion impaired endochondral ossification in the primary ossification center but not intramembranous osteogenesis in the bone collar. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed YAP/TAZ regulation of the angiogenic chemokine, Cxcl12, which was expressed uniquely in vessel-associated osteoblast precursors. YAP/TAZ signaling spatially coupled osteoblast precursors to blood vessels and regulated vascular morphogenesis and vessel barrier function. Further, YAP/TAZ signaling regulated vascular loop morphogenesis at the chondro-osseous junction to control hypertrophic growth plate remodeling. In human cells, mesenchymal stromal cell co-culture promoted 3D vascular network formation, which was impaired by stromal cell YAP/TAZ depletion, but rescued by recombinant CXCL12 treatment. Lastly, YAP and TAZ mediated mechanotransduction for load-induced osteogenesis in embryonic bone.
New Bis-thiazolium Analogues as Potential Antimalarial Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation (2013)

Bis-thiazolium salts are able to inhibit phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Plasmodium and to block parasite proliferation in the low nanomolar range. However, due to their physicochemical properties (i.e., permanent cationic charges, the flexibility, and lipophilic character of the alkyl chain), the oral bioavailability of these compounds is low. New series of bis-thiazolium-based drugs have been designed to overcome this drawback. They feature linker rigidification via the introduction of aromatic rings and/or a decrease in the overall lipophilicity through the introduction of heteroatoms. On the basis of the structure-activity relationships, a few of the promising compounds (9, 10, and 11) were found to exhibit potent antimalarial in vitro and in vivo activities (EC(50) < 10 nM and ED(50) ip < 0.7 mg/kg).
Three-Dimensional Printing of Structural Color Using a Femtoliter Meniscus (2023)

Structural colors are produced by the diffraction of light from microstructures. The collective arrangement of substructures is a simple and cost-effective approach for structural coloration represented by colloidal self-assembly. Nanofabrication methods enable precise and flexible coloration by processing individual nanostructures, but these methods are expensive or complex. Direct integration of desired structural coloration remains difficult because of the limited resolution, material-specificity, or complexity. Here, we demonstrate three-dimensional printing of structural colors by direct writing of nanowire gratings using a femtoliter meniscus of polymer ink. This method combines a simple process, desired coloration, and direct integration at a low cost. Precise and flexible coloration is demonstrated by printing the desired structural colors and shapes. In addition, alignment-resolved selective reflection is shown for displayed image control and color synthesis. The direct integration facilitates structural coloration on various substrates, including quartz, silicon, platinum, gold, and flexible polymer films. We expect that our contribution can expand the utility of diffraction gratings across various disciplines such as surface-integrated strain sensors, transparent reflective displays, fiber-integrated spectrometers, anticounterfeiting, biological assays, and environmental sensors.
Gelatinase B/Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 as Innate Immune Effector Molecule in Achalasia (2018)

We provide new biomarkers and insights into innate immune mechanisms in the autoimmune pathology of achalasia. Our results imply that extracellular protease inhibition is worthwhile to test as therapeutic intervention in achalasia.
Low coherence multiplexed optical sensors (1994)

A novel multiplexing scheme for optical sensors, based on position transducers and low coherence reflectometry is presented. The multiplexing of three sensors was demonstrated, and it is shown that up to ten sensor heads with 1% accuracy can be multiplexed.
Effect of oxidation on cellulose and water structure: a molecular dynamics simulation study (2021)

Abstract Enzymatic cleavage of glycocidic bonds is an important, green and biocompatible means to refine lignocellulosic biomass. Here, the effect of the resulting oxidation point defects on the structural and water interactions of crystalline cellulose {100} surface are explored using classical molecular dynamics simulations. We show that even single oxidations reduce the connections within cellulose crystal significantly, mostly via local interactions between the chains along the surface plane but also via the oxidation defects changing the structure of the crystal in direction perpendicular to the surface. Hydrogen bonding on the surface plane of cellulose is analyzed to identify onset of desorption of glucose chains, and the desorption probed. To assess the actual soluble product profile and their fractions resulting from lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) enzyme oxidation on real cellulose crystal samples, we employ High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric-Detection (HPAEC-PAD) technique. The findings demonstrate the LPMO oxidation results in soluble glucose fragments ranging from 2 to 8 glucose units in length. Additionally, significantly more oxidized oligosaccharides were released in LPMO treatment of AaltoCell than Avicel, the two studied microcrystalline cellulose species. This is likely to result from the large reactive surface area preserved in AaltoCell due to manufacturing process. Furthermore, as can be expected, the oxidation defects at the surfaces lead to the surfaces binding a larger amount of water both via direct influence by the defect but also the defect induced protrusions and fluctuations of the glucose chain. We quantify the enhancement of water interactions of cellulose crystals due to the oxidation defects, even when no desorption takes place. The molecular simulations indicate that the effect is most pronounced for the C1-acid oxidation (carboxylic acid formation) but present also for the other defects resulting from oxidation. The findings bear significance in understanding the effects of enzymatic oxidation on cellulose nanocrystals, the difference between cellulose species, and cleavage of soluble products from the cellulosic material.