gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information-Theoretic Generalization Bounds for SGLD via Data-Dependent\n Estimates (2019)

In this work, we improve upon the stepwise analysis of noisy iterative\nlearning algorithms initiated by Pensia, Jog, and Loh (2018) and recently\nextended by Bu, Zou, and Veeravalli (2019). Our main contributions are\nsignificantly improved mutual information bounds for Stochastic Gradient\nLangevin Dynamics via data-dependent estimates. Our approach is based on the\nvariational characterization of mutual information and the use of\ndata-dependent priors that forecast the mini-batch gradient based on a subset\nof the training samples. Our approach is broadly applicable within the\ninformation-theoretic framework of Russo and Zou (2015) and Xu and Raginsky\n(2017). Our bound can be tied to a measure of flatness of the empirical risk\nsurface. As compared with other bounds that depend on the squared norms of\ngradients, empirical investigations show that the terms in our bounds are\norders of magnitude smaller.\n
Loss of heterozygosity at 9q33 and hypermethylation of the DBCCR1 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma (2004)

The DBCCR1 gene at chromosome 9q33 has been identified as a candidate tumour suppressor, which is frequently targeted by promoter hypermethylation in bladder cancer. Here, we studied the possible involvement of DBCCR1 in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. DNA from 34 tumours was examined for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at three markers surrounding DBCCR1 and for hypermethylation of the DBCCR1 promoter, using methylation-specific PCR and methylation-specific melting-curve analysis. LOH was found in 10 of 31 cases (32%), and DBCCR1 hypermethylation was present in 15 of 34 cases (44%). Hypermethylation of DBCCR1 was also present in three of seven epithelial tissues adjacent to the tumours, including two hyperplastic and one histologically normal epithelia. Furthermore, of four oral leukoplakias with dysplasia, one showed LOH at 9q33 and two showed DBCCR1 hypermethylation. These data suggest that LOH at 9q33 and hypermethylation of the DBCCR1 promoter are frequent and possibly early events in oral malignant development.
Reduced airway resistance and work of breathing during mechanical ventilation with an ultra-thin, two-stage polyurethane endotracheal tube (the Kolobow tube) (1997)

The use of the ultrathin walled Kolobow endotracheal tube resulted in significant decreases in airway resistance and work of breathing, which has the potential for improving the ventilatory mechanics in very small premature newborns.
An integrated opto-microfluidic device for microflow cytometry (2021)

Microflow cytometry has become an attractive tool for counting and analysis of complex cell population and finds many applications in life science research. However, its implementation in screening small sized targets, such as microorganisms, is limited by challenges associated with sample handling and detection in a flow. Here, we report the function of a 3D flow focusing microfluidic system as a high performance, multi-parameter flow cytometry. The system consists of a detection chamber that can precisely control a highly focused sample flow in 3D and an integrated optical fiber to collect the scattered light at the vertical plane. The ability of the system to detect small beads (1 µm), differentiate subtle differences (2 µm) and accurately profile a mixed bead population is demonstrated. Furthermore, multiple types of information about the sample, including the inherent biochemical information (e.g., fluorescence or Raman signal) and physical properties (e.g., size) are simultaneously generated, allowing sophisticated cellular analysis. Together with the facile and robust operation, this provides a versatile tool that could be used for multi-parametric analyses in a diversity of applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex Catalysis. Part 33. Influence of Anions (B(O2C6H4)‐ 2, CF3CO2, Br‐, I‐) on the Insertion Reaction of Hexa‐1,5‐diene into the Allyl Nickel(II) Bond. Preparation and Characterization of η2,η1,η2‐Nona‐ and ‐Deka‐1,8‐dien‐5‐yl‐nickel(II)‐bis(brenzcatechinato)borate. (1990)

Abstract The η3‐allyl‐Ni(II) borates (I) react with hexa‐1,5‐diene (II) by an insertion reaction into the allyl‐Ni bond to give the corresponding title complexes (III).
1879: Larger Prostate Glands are Associated with a Lower Rate of Upgrading between Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 59, Wednesday, May 23, 2007, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 20071879: Larger Prostate Glands are Associated with a Lower Rate of Upgrading between Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy Andrea Gallina, Jochen Walz, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Georg C. Hutterer, Martin G. Friedrich, Vincenzo Scattoni, James A. Eastham, Peter T. Scardino, Markus Graefen, Francesco Montorsi, Patrizio Rigatti, Hartwig Huland, and Pierre I. Karakiewicz Andrea GallinaAndrea Gallina More articles by this author , Jochen WalzJochen Walz More articles by this author , Quoc-Dien TrinhQuoc-Dien Trinh More articles by this author , Georg C. HuttererGeorg C. Hutterer More articles by this author , Martin G. FriedrichMartin G. Friedrich More articles by this author , Vincenzo ScattoniVincenzo Scattoni More articles by this author , James A. EasthamJames A. Eastham More articles by this author , Peter T. ScardinoPeter T. Scardino More articles by this author , Markus GraefenMarkus Graefen More articles by this author , Francesco MontorsiFrancesco Montorsi More articles by this author , Patrizio RigattiPatrizio Rigatti More articles by this author , Hartwig HulandHartwig Huland More articles by this author , and Pierre I. KarakiewiczPierre I. Karakiewicz More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)32052-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1879: Larger Prostate Glands are Associated with a Lower Rate of Upgrading between Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 624 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 624 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Andrea Gallina More articles by this author Jochen Walz More articles by this author Quoc-Dien Trinh More articles by this author Georg C. Hutterer More articles by this author Martin G. Friedrich More articles by this author Vincenzo Scattoni More articles by this author James A. Eastham More articles by this author Peter T. Scardino More articles by this author Markus Graefen More articles by this author Francesco Montorsi More articles by this author Patrizio Rigatti More articles by this author Hartwig Huland More articles by this author Pierre I. Karakiewicz More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Division I intercollegiate ice hockey team coverage (2009)

The role of the team physician for intercollegiate ice hockey teams is unique. Owing to the rather diverse characteristics of many of the mechanisms of injuries for on-ice activities, it is important that team physicians have a good knowledge of the fundamentals of the game in order to understand when a player can return to on-ice activities. It is also essential that the team physician understands the underlying passion in the great majority of players for returning to competition. Unlike many other sportsmen, ice hockey players have a strong desire to return to competition, even after fractures or dislocations that would make athletes in other sports be sidelined for long periods of time. Therefore, in addition to understanding the on-ice activities, it is important that the team physician understands the individual athletes, either personally or through his/her relationship with the team’s athletic trainer, to determine a safe time for these athletes to return to competition. The purpose of this review is to summarise the main injuries seen in high level intercollegiate ice hockey and to review the practical treatment problems for physicians who provide coverage for high level amateur hockey teams.

The vast majority of division I ice hockey injuries occur during games. In fact, the injury rate in practices of 2.1/1000 athlete exposures is one of the lowest in intercollegiate sports.1 However, the game injury rate of 17.5/1000 athlete exposures is one of the highest among team sports.1 Therefore on-site coverage of most division I and high level ice hockey games is necessary.

There is a distinct distribution of the types of injury that occur in ice hockey. Firstly, early season injuries are almost always overuse or sprain and strain type injuries. Groin, or adductor, strain is one of the most common lower body injuries, but almost …
Os<sub>2</sub>–Os<sub>4</sub> Switch Controls DNA Knotting and Anticancer Activity (2016)

Abstract Dinuclear trihydroxido‐bridged osmium–arene complexes are inert and biologically inactive, but we show here that linking dihydroxido‐bridged Os II –arene fragments by a bridging di‐imine to form a metallacycle framework results in strong antiproliferative activity towards cancer cells and distinctive knotting of DNA. The shortened spacer length reduces biological activity and stability in solution towards decomposition to biologically inactive dimers. Significant differences in behavior toward plasmid DNA condensation are correlated with biological activity.
Tumor Volume Predicts for Pathologic Complete Response in Rectal Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation (2022)

A tumor volume threshold of 37.3 cm 3 was identified as predictive for pCR in locally advanced rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Tumors above this volume threshold corresponded to a greater than 78% probability of not achieving pCR. This information will be helpful at diagnosis for clinicians who are considering potential candidates for NOM.
An Experimental Evaluation of the Force Requirements for Robotic Mastoidectomy (2013)

Forces during robotic milling of the temporal bone can be predicted from the parameter sets tested in this study. This information can be used to guide the design of a sufficiently rigid and powerful bone-attached milling robot and to plan efficient milling trajectories. To reduce the time of the surgical intervention without creating very large forces, high linear cutting velocities may be combined with shallow depths of cut. Faster and deeper cuts may be used in mastoid bone compared with the cortical bone for a chosen force threshold.
Ligand‐specific roles for transmembrane 5 serine residues in D1 dopamine receptor binding and activation (2010)

In this study, we employed site‐directed mutagenesis to explore the complex hydrogen bonding interactions that are critical for D1 dopamine receptor activation. We stably expressed wild‐type and three transmembrane 5 serine to alanine mutants (S198(5.42)A, S199(5.43)A, and S202(5.46)A) in HEK 293 cells, and evaluated binding affinity and potency of cAMP production for many structurally diverse ligands. Each of these cell lines expressed similar levels of receptor (approximately 2,000 fmol/mg), and bound [3H]SCH‐23390. The radioligand exhibited significant losses of affinity, however, at S198A and S199A. Dopamine, tetracyclics (e.g. dihydrexidine) and cyclohexyl‐substituted bicyclics similarly suffered losses of affinity and potency at the mutant receptors, where S202A produced the largest disruption of binding and activity. Interestingly, the phenylbenzazepines (e.g. SKF‐38393) demonstrated reduced affinity and potency for each mutant, but were least affected by S202A. Uniquely, the non‐catechol ergolines (e.g. CY 208–243) were more potent at S198A, whereas S199A and S202A produced relatively minor losses of affinity and potency. These results demonstrate that these structurally diverse ligands uniquely interact with the D1 binding pocket, and present a new understanding of the complexities of D1‐ligand recognition and activation. This work was supported by NIH grants MH42705 and MH60397.
Abstract C71: Inhibition of polyisoprenylated methylated protein methylesterase by anticancer drugs (2009)

Abstract Polyisoprenylated methylated protein methylesterase (PMPMEase) is a little explored enzyme of the polyisoprenylation (isoprenylation) pathway (PP). Polyisoprenylation is a post-translational modification that is important for the function of such proteins as the heterotrimeric G proteins, Ras and Rab families of proteins. PMPMEase hydrolyzes a methyl ester formed by the S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent enzyme, polyisoprenylated protein methyltransferase (PPMTase). PMPMEase's regulatory role is suggested by the fact it hydrolyzes the ester products of PPMTase. PMPMEase is a serine hydrolase, a class of hydrolytic enzymes that attack electron-deficient carbons of amide and ester bonds with the alkoxide ion of their catalytic serines. Because alkylating agents function through an aziridinium ion with an electron-deficient carbon atom, it is hypothesized that they may inhibit PMPMEase through active site adduct formation. Alkylating agents have been suspected of having other mechanisms of action against cells besides impeding replication via the cross-linking of DNA strands. The crystal structure of the human form of PMPMEase, human carboxylesterase 1, with tamoxifen bound to its active site has been solved, also suggesting its possible inhibition. Polyisoprenylated proteins are involved in processes that regulate cell viability. Mutations and overexpression of such proteins are implicated in about 30% of cancers. This study considers the possibility that the agents also reduce malignant cell growth by disrupting growth signaling pathways. Cyclophosphamide is an organophosphorous alkylating agent. Organophosphorous compounds irreversibly inhibit PMPMEase and other serine esterases. Busulfan, cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine and tamoxifen were tested for porcine liver PMPMEase inhibition. At 1 mM concentrations, cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine and tamoxifen inhibited 62, 35 and 55% of the PMPMEase activity. The results show that the anticancer drugs may owe part of their pharmacological activity to their modulation of oncogenic polyisoprenylated protein function through their inhibition of PMPMEase. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C71.
Surface Defect Passivation of Silicon Micropillars (2018)

Abstract Reactive ion etching (RIE) used to fabricate high‐aspect‐ratio (HAR) nano/microstructures is known to damage semiconductor surfaces which enhances surface recombination and limits the conversion efficiency of nanostructured solar cells. Here, defect passivation of ultrathin Al 2 O 3 ‐coated Si micropillars (MPs) using different surface pretreatment steps is reported. Effects on interface state density are quantified by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy which is used to extract quantitative capacitance–voltage and conductance–voltage characteristics from HAR dielectric–semiconductor structures which would otherwise suffer from high gate leakage currents if tested using solid‐state metal–insulator–semiconductor structures. High‐temperature thermal oxidation to form a sacrificial oxide on RIE‐fabricated Si MPs, followed by atomic layer deposition of 4 nm thick Al 2 O 3 after removal of the sacrificial layer produces an interface trap density ( D it ) as low as 1.5 × 10 11 cm −2 eV −1 at the mid‐gap energy of silicon. However, a greatly reduced mid‐gap D it (2 × 10 11 cm −2 eV −1 ) is possible even with a simple air annealing procedure having a maximum temperature of 400 °C.
Night vision goggle stimulation using LCoS and DLP projection technology, which is better? (2014)

High fidelity night-vision training has become important for many of the simulation systems being procured today. The end-users of these simulation-training systems prefer using their actual night-vision goggle (NVG) headsets. This requires that the visual display system stimulate the NVGs in a realistic way. Historically NVG stimulation was done with cathode-ray tube (CRT) projectors. However, this technology became obsolete and in recent years training simulators do NVG stimulation with laser, LCoS and DLP projectors. The LCoS and DLP projection technologies have emerged as the preferred approach for the stimulation of NVGs. Both LCoS and DLP technologies have advantages and disadvantages for stimulating NVGs. LCoS projectors can have more than 5-10 times the contrast capability of DLP projectors. The larger the difference between the projected black level and the brightest object in a scene, the better the NVG stimulation effects can be. This is an advantage of LCoS technology, especially when the proper NVG wavelengths are used. Single-chip DLP projectors, even though they have much reduced contrast compared to LCoS projectors, can use LED illuminators in a sequential red-green-blue fashion to create a projected image. It is straightforward to add an extra infrared (NVG wavelength) LED into this sequential chain of LED illumination. The content of this NVG channel can be independent of the visible scene, which allows effects to be added that can compensate for the lack of contrast inherent in a DLP device. This paper will expand on the differences between LCoS and DLP projectors for stimulating NVGs and summarize the benefits of both in night-vision simulation training systems.
Preliminary Analysis of Acoustic Measurements from the NASA-Gulfstream Airframe Noise Flight Test (2008)

The NASA-Gulfstream joint Airframe Noise Flight Test program was conducted at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility during October, 2006. The primary objective of the AFN flight test was to acquire baseline airframe noise data on a regional jet class of transport in order to determine noise source strengths and distributions for model validation. To accomplish this task, two measuring systems were used: a ground-based microphone array and individual microphones. Acoustic data for a Gulfstream G550 aircraft were acquired over the course of ten days. Over twenty-four test conditions were flown. The test matrix was designed to provide an acoustic characterization of both the full aircraft and individual airframe components and included cruise to landing configurations. Noise sources were isolated by selectively deploying individual components (flaps, main landing gear, nose gear, spoilers, etc.) and altering the airspeed, glide path, and engine settings. The AFN flight test program confirmed that the airframe is a major contributor to the noise from regional jets during landing operations. Sound pressure levels from the individual microphones on the ground revealed the flap system to be the dominant airframe noise source for the G550 aircraft. The corresponding array beamform maps showed that most of the radiated sound from the flaps originates from the side edges. Using velocity to the sixth power and Strouhal scaling of the sound pressure spectra obtained at different speeds failed to collapse the data into a single spectrum. The best data collapse was obtained when the frequencies were left unscaled.
Plumbagin induces cell death through a copper-redox cycle mechanism in human cancer cells (2009)

Plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derived from the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica has been shown to exert anticancer and anti-proliferative activities in cells in culture as well as animal tumor models. In our previous paper, we have reported the cytotoxic action of plumbagin in plasmid pBR322 DNA as well as human peripheral blood lymphocytes through a redox mechanism involving copper. Copper has been shown to be capable of mediating the action of several plant-derived compounds through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The objective of the present study was to determine whether plumbagin induces apoptosis in human cancer cells through the same mechanism which we proposed earlier. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt assay, 3-(4,5-B-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay for cell growth inhibition, histone/DNA ELISA, homogeneous caspase-3/7 assay for apoptosis as well as alkaline comet assay for DNA single-strand breaks detection in this report, we confirm that plumbagin causes effective cell growth inhibition, induces apoptosis and generates single-strand breaks in cancer cells. Incubation of cancer cells with scavengers of ROS and neocuproine inhibited the cytotoxic action of plumbagin proving that generation of ROS and Cu(I) are the critical mediators in plumbagin-induced cell growth inhibition. This study is the first to investigate the copper-mediated anticancer mechanism of plumbagin in human cancer cells and these properties of plumbagin could be further explored for the development of anticancer agents with higher therapeutic indices, especially for skin cancer.
Monofunktionalisierte Metathesepolymere durch Abbau von Diblockcopolymeren (2006)

Ein geringer Preis für ein begehrtes Polymer: Der zweite Block eines Diblockcopolymers wird „geopfert“, um ein monofunktionalisiertes Metathesepolymer mit Hydroxyendgruppe zu erhalten. Hierzu wird durch Einbau einer Dioxepineinheit eine Sollbruchstelle zwischen dem später endfunktionalisierten und dem durch saure Hydrolyse abgespaltenen Block erzeugt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z602323_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis of the Side Chain of a Novel Carbapenem via Iodine-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of (1R)-N-(1-Aryl-3-butenyl)acetamide. (2002)

A (2R,4S)-trans-disubstituted pyrrolidine ring system was constructed by employing iodine-mediated oxidative cyclization of (1R)-N-[1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-butenyl]acetamide 3 as a key step. The resulting diastereomeric mixture of (2R)-2-aryl-4-acetoxypyrrolidine 4 was stereoselectively converted to the side-chain of a novel ultrabroad-spectrum carbapenem 1, via (2R,4R)-2-aryl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine 7.
Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Grown at Low Temperatures for Use in Displays (2005)

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures between 450°C to 550°C for use as display emitters. It has been found that preheating the reaction gas C 2 H 2 at 700°C enhances its reactivity and contributes to the effective decomposition of the gas on the surfaces of catalyst particles heated even at 450°C. We have also found that the catalyst activity is strongly affected by the film thickness and the thickness ratio of layered catalysts, which are Co and Ti in this study. Long CNTs have been obtained when the thicknesses of Co and Ti are reduced. It has been observed that the turn-on voltage of the field emission from the CNTs prepared at low temperatures is similar to that from the CNTs prepared at high temperatures.
Study on Update of Aerial Ortho Image Using a Rear View Camera (2019)

Self-driving car needs accurate position, and a highly accurate map is indispensable. However, it is expensive to create and maintain. Therefore, we proposed an image updating method using matching between ortho images generated by a rear view camera and aerial ortho images. Aerial ortho images have already been created in a wide range, and we believe that the proposed method is useful for partial updating of such images. In this study, from the experimental results, we confirmed that it is possible to update and generate high resolution aerial ortho images without obstacles such as vehicles and traffic lights by using rear view camera.