gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid antioxidants: free radical scavenging &lt;i&gt;versus&lt;/i&gt; regulation of enzymatic lipid peroxidation (2010)

The essentiality of polyunsaturated lipids makes membranes susceptible to peroxidative modifications. One of the most contemporary examples includes selective peroxidation of cardiolipin in mitochondria of cells undergoing apoptosis. Cardiolipin peroxidation products are required for the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, release of pro-apoptotic factors and completion of the cell death program. Therefore, search for effective inhibitors of cardiolipin peroxidation is critical to discovery and development of anti-apoptotic antioxidants. Mitochondria contain significant amounts of α-tocopherol, a well known scavenger of reactive free radicals. In the present study, we used an oxidative lipidomics approach to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol and its homologues with different lengths of the side-chain such as 2,5,7,8,-tetramethyl-2(4-methylpentyl)-6-chromanol and 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol, on oxidation of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin induced by cytochrome c in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Our data indicate that vitamin E homologues inhibit not only accumulation of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin hydroperoxides but also hydroxy-derivatives of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin formed in the enzymatic peroxidase half-reaction catalyzed by cytochrome c. This suggests that protective effects of vitamin E homologues against tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin peroxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c/hydrogen peroxide are realized largely due to their effects on the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c towards tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin rather than via their scavenging activity.
On approximate approaches to unsplittable flow edge load factor balancing problem (2020)

This paper discusses a method for leveling the traffic load of communication links in a distributed management network with multiple controllers. Our study has modeled the distributed management network as a flow network and defined the ratio of flow to capacity in an edge as a load factor. A flow optimization problem for finding the flow path to minimize the load factor in the entire network has been considered. By reformulating an unsplittable flow load factor balancing problem, our study has obtained that has been proven to be NP-hard and propose an approximate solution.
Chapter 8 Low Temperature Motors and Actuators: Design Considerations and a Case Study (2016)

Operating at low temperatures is essential to many processes in numerous elds of science and engineering including refrigeration, space exploration, electronics, physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, and medicine [Barron, 1985; Gutierrez et al., 2000; Halperin, 1995; Kent, 1993; Pobell, 2007; Weisend, 1998]. There is a growing interest in technologies that are applicable at low temperatures for planetary exploration of bodies in the solar system that are extremely cold. These include potential NASA in situ exploration missions to Europa and Titan where ambient temperatures are around –200°C. Elsewhere, as a method of slowing or halting chemical and biological processes, cooling is widely used to preserve food and chemicals, as well as biological tissues and organs. Furthermore, cooling is used to increase electrical conductivity leading to superconductors that enable such applications as levitation, highly efcient electromagnets, and so on. The subject of low temperature materials and mechanisms is multidisciplinary including chemistry, materials science, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, and physics. This book covers some of the key aspects of the eld including the chemistry and thermodynamics (Chapter 2), materials science (Chapter 3), the methods of characterizations (Chapter 4) as well as nondestructive testing and health monitoring (Chapter 5), the methods of cooling to cryogenic temperatures (Chapter 6), actuation materials and mechanisms (Chapters 7 and 8), instruments for planetary exploration (Chapter 9), methods of drilling in ice (Chapter 10), applications to medicine and biology (Chapter 11), low temperature electronics (Chapter 12), applications to elds of physics (Chapter 13), as well as other applications and challenges to the eld (Chapter 14). Given the health hazards that are associated with working at cryogenic temperatures, a chapter has been dedicated to this topic as well (Chapter 15).
Visual aircraft tracking system for departures (2014)

This paper describes a novel binocular camera system for tracking aircraft in the low-altitude, visual segment of departure. Recent economic pressures and changing Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations have raised concern that obstacle clearance requirements are not being met on departure. Moreover, local airport procedures do not always align with the requirements for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPs) established by the FAA. The flight track data collected by this system will be used by the FAA to assess the magnitude of the problem and determine steps to align airport and TERPs procedures, while also mitigating obstacle clearance violations.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Lithiation and Functionalization of 3‐(Benzyloxy)isothiazole: Application to the Synthesis of Thioibotenic Acid. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of cardiovascular events: A report from the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention trial (2018)

Sex hormone-binding globulin, but not total testosterone, predicts cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in dysglycaemic males at high cardiovascular risk.
Comparison of cubic B-spline and Zernike-fitting techniques in complex wavefront reconstruction (2006)

We analyze an alternative to classical Zernike fitting based on the cubic B-spline model, and compare the strengths and weaknesses of each representation over a set of different wavefronts that cover a wide range of shape complexity. The results obtained show that a Zernike low-degree polynomial expansion or a cubic B-spline with a low number of breakpoints are the best choices for fitting simple wavefronts, whereas the cubic B-spline approach performs much better when more complex wavefronts are involved. The effect of noise level in the fit quality for the different wavefronts is also studied.
A novel high-resolution XRD apparatus for patterned epitaxial films in a 50pm pad area with a convergent micro X-ray beam (2018)

A novel high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) apparatus for patterned epitaxial thin films has been developed using a convergent micro X-ray beam and a 2D detector. The micro-spot and high-flux (6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> photons/s) X-ray beam was achieved by using a hybrid mirror that consists of a bent crystal and a multilayer mirror and enabled measurement of patterned film in a 50 μm square (pad) area. We demonstrated rocking curve (RC) measurements of a Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1-x)</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> epitaxial thin film (x was 13.5% and thickness was 50nm) and calculated Ge concentration, thickness, strain, and stress based on the measured results. We obtained precision (3c) of Ge concentration of 0.10% by 100 s and 0.27% by 10 s X-ray exposure time by the analysis. We also carried out reciprocal space mapping (RSM) of the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1-x)</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> and we obtained that Ge concentration of 13.38% using RSM data, whereas 13.46% using RC measurement data. We confirmed that the HR-XRD tool enabled short time measurement and making it appropriate for in-line inspection of Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1-x)</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> and other thin crystalline films on patterned wafers.
Development of Safe and Effective Botanical Dietary Supplements (2015)

Regulated differently than drugs or foods, the market for botanical dietary supplements continues to grow worldwide. The recently implemented U.S. FDA regulation that all botanical dietary supplements must be produced using good manufacturing practice is an important step toward enhancing the safety of these products, but additional safeguards could be implemented, and unlike drugs, there are currently no efficacy requirements. To ensure a safe and effective product, botanical dietary supplements should be developed in a manner analogous to pharmaceuticals that involves identification of mechanisms of action and active constituents, chemical standardization based on the active compounds, biological standardization based on pharmacological activity, preclinical evaluation of toxicity and potential for drug-botanical interactions, metabolism of active compounds, and finally, clinical studies of safety and efficacy. Completing these steps will enable the translation of botanicals from the field to safe human use as dietary supplements.
Assessment of Tissue Damage due to Mechanical Stresses (2007)

While there are many benefits to minimally invasive surgery (MIS), force feedback or touch sensation is limited in the currently available MIS tools, such as surgical robots, creating the potential for excessive force application during surgery and unintended tissue injury. The goal of this work was to develop a methodology with which to identify stress magnitudes and durations that can be safely applied with a MIS grasper to di ferent tissues, potentially improving MIS device design and reducing potentially adverse clinically relevant consequences. Using the porcine model, stresses typically applied in MIS were applied to liver, ureter and small bowel using a motorized endoscopic grasper. Acute indicators of tissue damage including cellular death and infiltration of inflammatory cells were measured using histological and image analysis techniques. Finite element analysis was used to identify approximate stress distributions experienced by the tissues. Parameters used in these finite element models specifically reflected the properties of liver, which served as an initial proxy for all tissues, as stress distributions rather than absolute values were desired. Local regions predicted to have uniform stress by the computational models were mapped to and analyzed in the tissue samples for acute damage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc analyses were used to detect stress magnitudes and durations that caused significantly increased tissue damage with the goal to ultimately identify safe stress `thresholds' during grasping of the studied tissues. Preliminary data suggests a graded non-linear response between applied stress magnitude and apoptosis in liver and small bowel as well as neutrophil infiltration in the small bowel. The ureter appeared to be more resistant to injury at the tested stress levels. By identifying stress magnitudes and durations within the range of grasping loads applied in MIS, it may be possible for researchers to create a `smart' surgical robot that can guide a surgeon to manipulate tissues with minimal resulting damage. In addition, surgical simulator design can be improved to reflect more realistic tissue responses and evaluate trainees' tissue handling skills.
Centaur: A Framework for Hybrid CPU-FPGA Databases (2017)

Accelerating relational databases in general and SQL in particular has become an important topic given the challenges arising from large data collections and increasingly complex workloads. Most existing work, however, has been focused on either accelerating a single operator (e.g., a join) or in data reduction along the data path (e.g., from disk to CPU). In this paper we focus instead on the system aspects of accelerating a relational engine in hybrid CPU-FPGA architectures. In particular, we present Centaur, a framework running on the FPGA that allows the dynamic allocation of FPGA operators to query plans, pipelining these operators among themselves when needed, and the hybrid execution of operator pipelines running on the CPU and the FPGA. Centaur is fully compatible with relational engines as we demonstrate through its seamless integration with MonetDB, a popular column store database. In the paper, we describe how this integration is achieved, and empirically demonstrate the advantages of such an approach. The main contribution of the paper is to provide a realistic solution for accelerating SQL that is compatible with existing database architectures, thereby opening up the possibilities for further exploration of FPGA based data processing.
nZVI Impacts Substrate Conversion and Microbiome Composition in Chain Elongation From D- and L-Lactate Substrates (2021)

Medium-chain carboxylates (MCC) derived from biomass biorefining are attractive biochemicals to uncouple the production of a wide array of products from the use of non-renewable sources. Biological conversion of biomass-derived lactate during secondary fermentation can be steered to produce a variety of MCC through chain elongation. We explored the effects of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and lactate enantiomers on substrate consumption, product formation and microbiome composition in batch lactate-based chain elongation. In abiotic tests, nZVI supported chemical hydrolysis of lactate oligomers present in concentrated lactic acid. In fermentation experiments, nZVI created favorable conditions for either chain-elongating or propionate-producing microbiomes in a dose-dependent manner. Improved lactate conversion rates and n-caproate production were promoted at 0.5-2 g nZVI⋅L<sup>-1</sup> while propionate formation became relevant at ≥ 3.5 g nZVI⋅L<sup>-1</sup>. Even-chain carboxylates (n-butyrate) were produced when using enantiopure and racemic lactate with lactate conversion rates increased in nZVI presence (1 g⋅L<sup>-1</sup>). Consumption of hydrogen and carbon dioxide was observed late in the incubations and correlated with acetate formation or substrate conversion to elongated products in the presence of nZVI. Lactate racemization was observed during chain elongation while isomerization to D-lactate was detected during propionate formation. <i>Clostridium luticellarii</i>, <i>Caproiciproducens</i>, and <i>Ruminococcaceae</i> related species were associated with n-valerate and n-caproate production while propionate was likely produced through the acrylate pathway by <i>Clostridium novyi</i>. The enrichment of different potential n-butyrate producers (<i>Clostridium tyrobutyricum</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Oscillibacter</i>, <i>Sedimentibacter</i>) was affected by nZVI presence and concentrations. Possible theories and mechanisms underlying the effects of nZVI on substrate conversion and microbiome composition are discussed. An outlook is provided to integrate (bio)electrochemical systems to recycle (n)ZVI and provide an alternative reducing power agent as durable control method.
Wearout-aware compiler-directed register assignment for embedded systems (2012)

Although constant technology scaling has resulted in considerable benefits, smaller device dimensions, higher operating temperatures and electric fields have also contributed to faster device aging due to wearout. Not only does this result in the shortening of processor lifetimes, it leads to faster wearout resultant performance degradation with operating time. Instead of taking a reactive approach towards reliability awareness, we propose a pre-emptive route toward wearout mitigation. Given the significant thermal and stress variation across the components of microprocessors, in this work we focus on one of the most likely candidates for overheating and hence reliability failures, the register file. We propose different wearout-aware compiler-directed register assignment techniques that distribute the stress induced wearout throughout the register file, with the aim of improving the lifetime of the register file, with negligible performance overhead. We compare our results with a state-of-the-art thermal-aware compilation scheme to show the clear advantage our proposed wearout-aware scheme has over thermal-aware schemes in terms of lifetime improvement that can reach up to 20% for Bias Temperature Instability.
Enhanced H<sub>2</sub> Storage Capacity of Bilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) Incorporating van der Waals Interaction under an Applied External Electric Field (2021)

Lightweight two-dimensional materials are being studied for hydrogen storage applications due to their large surface area. The characteristics of hydrogen adsorption on the h-BN bilayer under the applied electric field were investigated. The overall storage capacity of the bilayer is 6.7 wt % from our theoretical calculation with <i>E</i> <sub>ads</sub> of 0.223 eV/H<sub>2</sub>. The desorption temperature to remove the adsorbed H<sub>2</sub> molecules from the surface of the h-BN bilayer system in the absence of an external electric field is found to be ∼176 K. With the introduction of an external electric field, the <i>E</i> <sub>ads</sub> lies in the range of 0.223-0.846 eV/H<sub>2</sub> and the desorption temperature is from 176 to 668 K. Our results show that the external electric field enhances the average adsorption energy as well as the desorption temperature and thus makes the h-BN bilayer a promising candidate for hydrogen storage.
Peptide interfacial adsorption is kinetically limited by the thermodynamic stability of self association (2000)

We present a study of the adsorption of two peptides at the octane-water interface. The first peptide, Lac21, exists in mixed monomer-tetramer equilibrium in bulk solution with an appreciable monomer concentration. The second peptide, Lac28, exists as a tetramer in solution, with minimal exposed hydrophobic surface. A kinetic limitation to interfacial adsorption exists for Lac28 at moderate to high surface coverage that is not observed for Lac21. We estimate the potential energy barrier for Lac28 adsorption to be 42 kJ/mol and show that this is comparable to the expected free energy barrier for tetramer dissociation. This finding suggests that, at moderate to high surface coverage, adsorption is kinetically limited by the availability of interfacially active monomeric "domains" in the subinterfacial region. We also show how the commonly used empirical equation for protein adsorption dynamics can be used to estimate the potential energy barrier for adsorption. Such an approach is shown to be consistent with a formal description of diffusion-adsorption, provided a large potential energy barrier exists. This work demonstrates that the dynamics of interfacial adsorption depend on protein thermodynamic stability, and hence structure, in a quantifiable way.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of Soft Tissue: A Proposal for Risk Stratification Based on 49 Cases (2008)

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of soft tissue is a distinctive vascular tumor that has been variously considered a tumor of borderline malignancy and low-grade angiosarcoma. The majority of cases are associated with low mortality, but some metastasize and cause patient death. We analyzed 49 cases of EHE to determine if a method for stratifying risk for mortality could be developed. Fifty-one cases of EHE diagnosed during the period of 1989 and 2005 were retrieved. Tumors were evaluated with respect to location, size, cytologic atypia, mitotic activity, tumor cell spindling, and necrosis. Follow-up information was obtained for all cases. For actuarial analysis, disease-specific overall survival was evaluated using univariate and multivariable analysis. Most tumors occurred in adults (range, 9 to 93 y) and affected women predominantly (21 M:28 F). They developed in the head and neck (6), extremities (32), mediastinum (4), trunk (4), genitals (2), and retroperitoneum (1) and ranged in size from 0.5 to 18 cm. Clinical follow-up was obtained for all patients and ranged from 1.5 to 170 months (mean, 57.9 mo); 31 patients were alive without disease, 5 patients were alive with disease, 9 patients died of disease and 4 died of other causes. Overall 5-year disease-specific survival was 81%. Eleven patients (22%) had metastatic disease affecting lung (6), lymph node (4), liver (2), and bone, retroperitoneum, and soft tissue (1 each). Two patients had metastases to multiple sites. Treatment modality was known for 46 patients: 31 were treated surgically and 15 were treated with surgery and chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. By univariate analysis, mitotic activity and size were associated with higher mortality (P=0.007 and 0.004, respectively). By multivariable analysis, increasing mitotic activity (P=0.00827, hazard ratio 10.03) and size (P=0.01, hazard ratio 2.26) were associated with decreased survival. Tumor site, cytologic atypia, the presence of necrosis, and tumor spindling were not significant. Those tumors with >3 mitotic figures/50 high power fields and size >3.0 cm had the worst prognosis (P=0.0002). Patients with high-risk tumors had a 5-year disease-specific survival of 59%; no patients with low-risk tumors died. In conclusion, we report that EHE can be stratified into 2 risk groups with markedly different clinical courses.
Adult-Fetal Fibroblast Interactions: Effects on Cell Migration and Implications for Cell Transplantation (2005)

Wound healing is a complex process involving close cooperation between multiple cell types. During wound healing, fibroblasts are primarily responsible for synthesis of the replacement extracellular matrix. Fibroblast therapy is under investigation in this and other laboratories for its potential use to modulate the final outcome of the wound-healing process. This study addresses the potential interactions between transplanted and host fibroblasts, using a two-dimensional mixed culture model. Our results show that fibroblasts of two different phenotypes, fetal and adult, exhibit different speeds of in vitro migration. These migration speeds are conserved in mixed cocultures, suggesting that the migratory response is an intrinsic property of the fibroblast rather than a response to juxtacrine or paracrine signals. These results have relevance for cell-based therapies in that they demonstrate that donor fibroblasts of a different phenotype may at least partially retain that phenotype in the host environment and in the presence of endogenous fibroblasts.