gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable and data format agnostic optical packet switch sub-systems for optical packet switched networks (2010)

We investigate photonic packet switches that allow scaling to a large number of input and output ports. The suggested switch architectures are based on technology that has already been demonstrated. We focus on a simple Spanke node architecture. Scalable, low latency optical packet switches sub-systems capable to switch optical packets with multiple modulation formats are reviewed. The optical packet switch sub-system employs in-band labeling to allow for transparent routing of packets with multiple data formats and data bit-rates. Packets employing in-band labels can be processed without the need to reconfigure the label processor and the switch when changing data format and bit-rate. The label processor is based on asynchronous optical signal processing in combination with a simple electronic combinatory network. This makes the label processor capable to process a large number of labels with low latency time (<;3 ns) without complicated and power hungry high speed packet clock recovery and serializer/deserializer circuits. Results show error-free operation of 1 × 64 and eventually 1 × 4096 by using a fat tree configuration optical packet switch subsystems for 160 Gb/s RZ-OOK, 320 Gb/s NRZ-OOK, 120 (12 × 10) Gb/s DPSK and 480 (12 × 40) Gb/s OFDM multi-wavelength packets. Photonic integrated devices required for scaling the optical packet switch sub-systems will be reviewed.
The rich and the poor: environmental biodiversity protecting from allergy (2016)

We are still lacking a more detailed understanding of the interaction between natural, environmental biodiversity, and health, which calls for new innovative and more long-term investigations. The outcomes should be utilized in policy and urban planning efforts, promoting human interaction with natural biodiversity, and supporting a healthy lifestyle.
Data Transmission System For A Downhole Component (2023)

The invention is a system for transmitting data through a string of downhole components. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the system includes a plurality of downhole components, such as sections of pipe in a drill string. Each component has a first and second end, with a first communication element located at the first end and a second communication element located at the second end. Each communication element includes a first contact and a second contact. The system also includes a coaxial cable running between the first and second communication elements, the coaxial cable having a conductive tube and a conductive core within it. The system also includes a first and second connector for connecting the first and second communication elements respectively to the coaxial cable. Each connector includes a conductive sleeve, lying concentrically within the conductive tube, which fits around and makes electrical contact with the conductive core. The conductive sleeve is electrically isolated from the conductive tube. The conductive sleeve of the first connector is in electrical contact with the first contact of the first communication element, the conductive sleeve of the second connector is in electrical contact with the first contact of the second communication element, and the conductive tube is in electrical contact with both the second contact of the first communication element and the second contact of the second communication element.
Data locations in the Nokia N900 (2011)

The Nokia N900 is a very powerful smartphone and offers great utility to users. As smartphones contain a wealth of information about the user, including information about the user's contacts, communications, and activities, investigators must have at their disposal the best possible methods for extracting important data from smartphones. Unlike with other smartphones, knowledge of forensic acquisition from the N900 is extremely limited. Extractions of data from the N900 are categorized into limited triage extractions and full physical extractions. The imaging process of the phone has been explained as is necessary for a full investigation of the phone. The types of data as called for in a limited data extraction have been identified, and the locations of these files on the N900 were detailed. Also, a script was created which can be utilized for a limited data extraction from a Nokia N900.
Evaluation of ATM Kinase Inhibitor KU-55933 as Potential Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Agent (2019)

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle composed of multiple stages that infect mammals and birds. Tachyzoites rapidly replicate within host cells to produce acute infection during which the parasite disseminates to tissues and organs. Highly replicative cells are subject to Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) by replication fork collapse and ATM, a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family, is a key factor that initiates DNA repair and activates cell cycle checkpoints. Here we demonstrate that the treatment of intracellular tachyzoites with the PI3K inhibitor caffeine or ATM kinase-inhibitor KU-55933 affects parasite replication rate in a dose-dependent manner. KU-55933 affects intracellular tachyzoite growth and induces G1-phase arrest. Addition of KU-55933 to extracellular tachyzoites also leads to a significant reduction of tachyzoite replication upon infection of host cells. ATM kinase phosphorylates H2A.X (γH2AX) to promote DSB damage repair. The level of γH2AX increases in tachyzoites treated with camptothecin (CPT), a drug that generates fork collapse, but this increase was not observed when co-administered with KU-55933. These findings support that KU-55933 is affecting the <i>Toxoplasma</i> ATM-like kinase (TgATM). The combination of KU-55933 and other DNA damaging agents such as methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) and CPT produce a synergic effect, suggesting that TgATM kinase inhibition sensitizes the parasite to damaged DNA. By contrast, hydroxyurea (HU) did not further inhibit tachyzoite replication when combined with KU-55933.
Asymmetrically-gated graphene self-switching diodes as negative differential resistance devices (2014)

We present an asymmetrically-gated Graphene Self-Switching Diode (G-SSD) as a new negative differential resistance (NDR) device, and study its transport properties using nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism and the Extended Huckel (EH) method. The device exhibits a new NDR mechanism, in which a very small quantum tunnelling current is used to control a much-larger channel conduction current, resulting in a very pronounced NDR effect. This NDR effect occurs at low bias voltages, below 1 V, and results in a very high current peak in the μA range and a high peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 40. The device has an atomically-thin structure with sub-10 nm dimensions, and does not require any doping or external gating. These results suggest that the device has promising potential in applications such as high frequency oscillators, memory devices, and fast switches.
Evaluation of decentralised model-based selection of head and neck cancer patients for a proton treatment study. DAHANCA 35 (2023)

A local treatment plan comparison can be used to select candidates for proton treatment. The local comparative proton plan overestimates the potential benefit of the clinical proton plan. Continuous quality assurance of the delineation procedures and planning is crucial in the subsequent randomised clinical trial setting.
Use of retrospective optimization for placement of oil wells under uncertainty (2010)

Determining well locations in oil reservoirs under geological uncertainty remains a challenging problem in field development. Well placement problems are integer optimization problems because a reservoir is discretized into grid blocks and the well locations are defined by block indices (i, j, k) in the discrete model. Reservoir simulators are used to evaluate reservoir production given a well placement. In the presence of reservoir uncertainty, we simulate multiple model realizations to estimate the expected field performance for a certain well placement. Most existing methods for well placement optimization problems are random-search based algorithms. We present a retrospective optimization (RO) algorithm that uses Hooke-Jeeves search for well location optimization under uncertainty. The RO framework generates a sequence of sample-path problems with increasing sample sizes. Embedded in RO, the Hooke-Jeeves search solves each sample-path problem for a local optimizer given a discrete neighborhood definition. The numerical results show that the RO algorithm efficiently finds a solution yielding a 70% increase (compared to a solution suggested from heuristics) in the expected net present value (NPV) over 30 years of reservoir production for the problem considered.
Prevalence and Associations of Avascular Necrosis of the Hip in a Large Well-characterized Cohort of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2018)

We found that a significant proportion of IBD patients with AVN are reported in their records as having hip or low-back pain, and review of CT imaging under dedicated bone windows may identify AVN among this population. Our findings also suggest that additional etiological factors, beyond corticosteroids, contribute to the development of AVN in IBD. Further investigation is warranted regarding the mechanisms associated with AVN in IBD.
Induction of aggregation of Raji human B-lymphoblastic cells by vasoactive intestinal peptide. (1993)

Subsets of neurons in the thymic cortex, Peyer's patches and lymphoid tissues of the respiratory system deliver vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) at nanomolar concentrations. The possible effects of VIP on B-cell adhesiveness in these tissues were examined in studies of the homotypic aggregation (HA) of human B-lymphoblastoid cells of the Raji line, which express a mean of 27,950 VIP receptors/cell with a mean Kd of 0.8 nM. Mean HA, assessed microscopically, attained a maximum of 54% after 8 hr with 0.1 microgram/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (P < 0.01) and 31% after 24 hr with 10(-8) M VIP (P < 0.05), as contrasted with 13% and 20% at the respective times in medium alone, and both stimuli also increased the mean size of aggregates. The presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724 permitted 10(-9) M VIP, which had no effect alone, to raise the mean cyclic AMP content of Raji cells by more than 10-fold and concurrently to elevate mean HA from 55% in medium alone at 48 hr to 70% and from 55% at 72 hr to 68% (P < 0.05 for both). Monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte function-associated (LFA-1) adhesive protein and to intercellular adherence molecule-1 (ICAM-1) suppressed significantly the HA of Raji cells induced by VIP and PMA. The effects of VIP on compartmental immunity in the lungs and intestines thus may be mediated in part by increases in lymphocyte adhesiveness, which could contribute to the regional accumulation of specifically immunocompetent cells.
Detection and distribution of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 clones in swine herds in Germany (2006)

We report natural, long-term colonization and transmission of the probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 strain in a swine herd, characterized individual persistence and colonization properties in swine and established an in vitro porcine intestinal epithelial cell model of probiotic action. The results of this study would have implications in the use of this strain as a probiotic in swine and contribute to a better understanding of the individual nature of intestinal bacterial persistence and establishment.
Experimental methods to predict dynamic vision sensor event camera performance (2022)

Dynamic vision sensors (DVS) represent a promising new technology, offering low power consumption, sparse output, high temporal resolution, and wide dynamic range. These features make DVS attractive for new research areas including scientific and space-based applications; however, more precise understanding of how sensor input maps to output under real-world constraints is needed. Often, metrics used to characterize DVS report baseline performance by measuring observable limits but fail to characterize the physical processes at the root of those limits. To address this limitation, we describe step-by-step procedures to measure three important performance parameters: (1) temporal contrast threshold, (2) cutoff frequency, and (3) refractory period. Each procedure draws inspiration from previous work, but links measurements sequentially to infer physical phenomena at the root of measured behavior. Results are reported over a range of brightness levels and user-defined biases. The threshold measurement technique is validated with test-pixel node voltages, and a first-order low-pass approximation of photoreceptor response is shown to predict event cutoff temporal frequency to within 9% accuracy. The proposed method generates lab-measured parameters compatible with the event camera simulator v2e, allowing more accurate generation of synthetic datasets for innovative applications.
Security for extensible systems (2002)

The recent trend towards dynamically extensible systems, such as Java, SPIN or VINO, promises more powerful and flexible systems. At the same time, the impact of extensibility on overall system security and, specifically, on access control is still ill understood, and protection mechanisms in these extensible systems are rudimentary at best. We identify the structure of extensible systems as it relates to system security and postulate an initial model for access control. This model extends the discretionary access control of traditional operating systems to encompass extensions and, by using ideas explored by the security community, introduces a notion of mandatory access control. While a new access control model does not address all aspects of system security, we believe that it can serve as a solid foundation for developing a fully featured and flexible security model for extensible systems.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with BRCA1/2 Gene Mutation in Chinese Populations with Breast Cancer (2022)

The prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations varied according to three specific subgroups. Factors associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were differential.
A Fulvene Route to Group 4 Metallocene Complexes Bearing 4,7‐Bis(dimethylamino)‐Substituted Indenyl Ligands (2004)

Abstract N , N , N′ , N′ ‐Tetramethylsuccinamide ( 15 ) was selectively converted into the functionalized aminofulvene 16 . Subsequent treatment with reagent 17 , [ZrCl 2 (NMe 2 ) 2 (L) 2 ] (L = THF or 0.5 DME), resulted in the formation of the cyclization product 4,7‐bis(dimethylamino)indene ( 21 ). Deprotonation with n ‐butyllithium, followed by the reaction of the resulting substituted indenyllithium reagent 22 with ZrCl 4 , gave the metallocene [4,7‐bis(dimethylamino)indenyl] 2 ZrCl 2 ( 23 ). The reaction of 22 with ZrCl 3 Cp furnished the complex [4,7‐bis(dimethylamino)indenyl]CpZrCl 2 ( 24 ). Fulvene 16 , as well as the metallocene dichlorides 23 and 24 , were characterized by X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
<i>B</i>,<i>B</i>-Diporphyrinbenzyloxy-BODIPY Dyes: Synthesis and Antenna Effect (2012)

B,B-Diporphyrinbenzyloxy-BODIPY derivatives have been prepared in high yields, and the photophysical properties are reported. Singlet energy transfers from BODIPY to the porphyrin units have been analyzed.
Intraphase Microstructure–Understanding the Impact on Organic Solar Cell Performance (2013)

Abstract A comprehensive study of the effect of intraphase microstructure on organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance is undertaken. Utilizing a bilayer device architecture, a small molecule donor (TIPS‐DBC) is deposited by both spin‐coating and by thermal evaporation in vacuum. The devices are then completed by thermal evaporation of C 60 , an exciton blocking layer and the cathode. This bilayer approach enables a direct comparison of device performance for donor layers in which the same material exhibits subtle differences in microstructure. The electrical performance is shown to differ considerably for the two devices. The bulk and interfacial properties of the donor layers are compared by examination with photoelectron spectroscopy in air (PESA), optical absorption spectroscopy, charge extraction of photo‐generated charge carriers by linearly increasing voltage (photo‐CELIV), time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements, X‐ray reflectometry (XR), and analysis of dark current behavior. The observed differences in device performance are shown to be influenced by changes to energy levels and charge transport properties resulting from differences in the microstructure of the donor layers. Importantly, this work demonstrates that in addition to the donor/acceptor microstructure, the intraphase microstructure can influence critical parameters and can therefore have a significant impact on OPV performance.
Increase in electron scattering length in PEDOT:PSS by a triflic acid post-processing (2017)

A stringent limitation in many optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and light emitting diodes, is the intrinsic need for a transparent electrode. Uniting relevant aspects, indium tin oxide (ITO) is often the material of choice, however, alternatives are sought and being in particular found in conductive polymers. In this work, we present a novel doping strategy to arrive at highly conducting polymeric material based on poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT). Based on commercial high conductivity PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH 1000), and a post processing with aqueous triflic acid delivers a material that is both transparent and of low resistivity (5.23 × 10−4 Ω cm). Furthermore, this material retains its conductive character over a large temperature range, indicating metallic behaviour. This is further supported by positive magnetoconductance effects at low temperatures (1.8–10 K) and extended mean free paths of the conduction electrons are observed—evidencing for a metallic state in this polymer.
Bioreductive deposition of palladium (0) nanoparticles on <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> with catalytic activity towards reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (2005)

Microbial reduction of soluble Pd(II) by cells of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and of an autoaggregating mutant (COAG) resulted in precipitation of palladium Pd(0) nanoparticles on the cell wall and inside the periplasmic space (bioPd). As a result of biosorption and subsequent bioreduction of Pd(II) with H2, formate, lactate, pyruvate or ethanol as electron donors, recoveries higher than 90% of Pd associated with biomass could be obtained. The bioPd(0) nanoparticles thus obtained had the ability to reductively dehalogenate polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in aqueous and sediment matrices. Bioreduction was observed in assays with concentrations up to 1000 mg Pd(II) l(-1) with depletion of soluble Pd(II) of 77.4% and higher. More than 90% decrease of PCB 21 (2,3,4-chloro biphenyl) coupled to formation of its dechlorination products PCB 5 (2,3-chloro biphenyl) and PCB 1 (2-chloro biphenyl) was obtained at a concentration of 1 mg l(-1) within 5 h at 28 degrees C. Bioreductive precipitation of bioPd by S. oneidensis cells mixed with sediment samples contaminated with a mixture of PCB congeners, resulted in dechlorination of both highly and lightly chlorinated PCB congeners adsorbed to the contaminated sediment matrix within 48 h at 28 degrees C. Fifty milligrams per litre of bioPd resulted in a catalytic activity that was comparable to 500 mg l(-1) commercial Pd(0) powder. The high reactivity of 50 mg l(-1) bioPd in the soil suspension was reflected in the reduction of the sum of seven most toxic PCBs to 27% of their initial concentration.
Synthesis and Study of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes Supported by a Common “Wingtip” N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (2018)

Abstract Two annulated imidazolium salts, 2‐(phenyl)imidazo[1,5‐ a ]pyridin‐4‐ylium hexafluorophosphate 1⋅ H(PF 6 ) and 1‐methyl‐2‐(phenyl)imidazo[1,5‐ a ]pyridin‐4‐ylium hexafluorophosphate 2⋅ H(PF 6 ), were synthesized via formylative cyclization of the corresponding Schiff bases followed by anion metathesis with KPF 6 . Independently treating 1⋅ H(PF 6 ) or 2⋅ H(PF 6 ) with silver oxide and then palladium chloride in acetonitrile led to the formation of the complexes [Pd( 1 ) 2 Cl(CH 3 CN)]PF 6 ( 1 a ) and [Pd( 2 ) 2 Cl(CH 3 CN)]PF 6 ( 2 a) , respectively. Likewise, [Pt( 1 ) 2 Cl(CH 3 CN)]PF 6 ( 1 b) and [Pt( 2 ) 2 Cl(CH 3 CN)]PF 6 ( 2 b) were synthesized using similar transmetallation chemistry. The complexes were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and the solid state structures of 1‐ H(PF 6 ) as well as 2 a were elucidated using X‐ray diffraction analyses. A series of DFT calculations were also performed to gain further insight into the respective structures of the complexes. Complexes 1 a and 2 a were found to facilitate Suzuki coupling reactions under relatively mild conditions.
Abstract 14794: Stratification of Cardiovascular Risk Using an Unbiased Proteomic Approach (2012)

Ag/ZnO at sub-MICs inhibited multiple virulence factors of S. mutans through downregulating the related genes. Ag/ZnO nanocomposite could be used for prevention of dental caries at low dosage.
Discrimination between charge‐catalyzed and charge‐independent fragmentation processes of cationized poly( <i>n</i> ‐butyl acrylate) (2010)

Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Design of a 180-Degree Single-Layer Divider to control Sidelobe and Crossover Levels in Butler-Matrix Beam-Switching Antenna (2007)

The authors propose the configuration of an additional circuit to a 4-way Butler matrix by single-layer post-wall waveguide. This circuit enables to control sidelobe and crossover levels by using four two-way dividers with unequal power division for an tapered amplitude distribution and 180 deg phase difference between the two output ports. The 180-degree divider consists of a 90-degree divider, a 90-degree phase shifter and a phase controller. The three components are designed to get the lowest sidelobe level, for an example.
Supplementary Table 2 from Proteomic Profiling Identifies Dysregulated Pathways in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Novel Therapeutic Targets Including PARP1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 64K, Non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Femtosecond stimulation of atomic and nuclear processes in high intensity laser plasmas (1997)

The interaction of intense femtosecond duration laser pulses with dense plasmas is replete with new plasma phenomena and exciting experimental opportunities. The intense fields within laser radiation with power levels in 10 19 W/cm 2 range interacting with dense plasmas leads to the generation of enormous bursts of energetic electons (j ~ 10 15 A/cm 2 ) that then give rise to the production of intense hard x-ray emission and unprecedented magnetic fields that could be in the GigaGauss range[1-3]. The role these phenomena play on the particle dynamics in these plasmas poses many interesting questions. As the development of femtosecond laser systems reaches these conditions[4,5] ,the examination of these phenomena becomes possible.