gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
D-xylose Kinetics and Hydrogen Breath Tests in Functionally Anephric Patients Using the 15-gram Dose (2000)

Malabsorptive evaluation in renal failure is difficult because most absorptive testing requires urinary collections. Kinetic analysis of d-xylose absorption and d-xylose breath testing were performed in an effort to establish an effective absorption test in functionally anephric patients. We studied 13 fasting renal failure patients with no diarrhea or symptoms suggesting malabsorption on two separate nondialysis days after they received 15 g oral d-xylose on day 1 and 10 g IV on day 2. Serum collections were used to calculate the kinetic rate constants and extent of d-xylose absorption. After the oral d-xylose, end expiratory breaths were collected every 15 minutes for 3 hours and were analyzed for H2 with gas chromatography. Five subjects also allowed upper endoscopy and duodenal biopsy. The mean absorption rate constant (Ka) and bioavailability (F) were similar to published values for normal subjects using the 15-g dose (0.936 min(-1); range, 0.227-1.96; and 74%, range 46-99, respectively). Of the patients, 12 had normal 1-hour serum d-xylose concentrations (>20 mg/dL). There was no clear inverse correlation between the rate constant for absorption or bioavailability and peak breath hydrogen or the area under the curve for breath H2 versus time. Using 15 g oral d-xylose, mean bioavailability and absorption rate constants are normal in functionally anephric patients with no clinical evidence of malabsorption. Three patients had elevated breath peak H2 concentrations, but there was no clear inverse correlation between bioavailability and the breath H2 values. A 1-hour serum dxylose concentration >20 mg/dL may be considered normal in this patient group, similar to patients with normal renal function.
Acoustic Impedance Evaluation of High-Intensity-Focused-Ultrasound Exposed Chicken Breast Muscle Using Ultrasonic Microscopy (2010)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery is one of the non-invasive therapeutic methods. The high temperature generated by this method coagulates the target non-superficial tissue. In this study, we evaluate the effect of thermal coagulation by HIFU on acoustic impedance. Chicken breast muscle was used as the specimen. Acoustic impedance was measured in cross sections of the HIFU-exposed specimen using an ultrasonic microscope. The acoustic impedance of the coagulated region was significantly lower than that of the non-coagulated region.
Mild hyperlipidemia in mice aggravates platelet responsiveness in thrombus formation and exploration of platelet proteome and lipidome (2020)

Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Millions of people worldwide display mildly elevated levels of plasma lipids and cholesterol linked to diet and life-style. While the prothrombotic risk of severe hyperlipidemia has been established, the effects of moderate hyperlipidemia are less clear. Here, we studied platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation in Apoe<sup>-/-</sup> and Ldlr<sup>-/-</sup> mice fed a normal chow diet, resulting in mildly increased plasma cholesterol. In blood from both knockout mice, collagen-dependent thrombus and fibrin formation under flow were enhanced. These effects did not increase in severe hyperlipidemic blood from aged mice and upon feeding a high-fat diet (Apoe<sup>-/-</sup> mice). Bone marrow from wild-type or Ldlr<sup>-/-</sup> mice was transplanted into irradiated Ldlr<sup>-/-</sup> recipients. Markedly, thrombus formation was enhanced in blood from chimeric mice, suggesting that the hyperlipidemic environment altered the wild-type platelets, rather than the genetic modification. The platelet proteome revealed high similarity between the three genotypes, without clear indication for a common protein-based gain-of-function. The platelet lipidome revealed an altered lipid profile in mildly hyperlipidemic mice. In conclusion, in Apoe<sup>-/-</sup> and Ldlr<sup>-/-</sup> mice, modest elevation in plasma and platelet cholesterol increased platelet responsiveness in thrombus formation and ensuing fibrin formation, resulting in a prothrombotic phenotype.
SPACE-BASED VISIBLE (SBV) SURVEILLANCE DATA VERIFICATION AND TELEMETRY PROCESSING (1996)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
Soluble Thrombomodulin Ameliorates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of Liver Grafts by Modulating the Proinflammatory Role of High-Mobility Group Box 1 (2016)

Transplantation using grafts obtained after cardiac death (CD) is considered a promising solution for graft shortages. However, no standard criteria for organ preservation have been established for CD donors. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein that is released from dying hepatocytes as an early mediator of inflammation and organ tissue damage. HMGB1 stimulates immunocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines, thereby amplifying the inflammatory response. Thrombomodulin is an integral membrane protein that functions as an endothelial anticoagulant cofactor, and it binds HMGB1 through the extracellular domain. We investigated the effects of ART-123, recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin, on warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver grafts. Male Wistar rats were divided into four ex vivo groups: heart-beating (HB) group, in which livers were isolated from HB donors; CD group, in which livers were isolated from CD donors exposed to apnea-induced conditions and warm ischemic conditions for 30 min after cardiac arrest; and two CD groups pretreated with ART-123 (1 or 5 mg/kg). Each isolated liver was reperfused for 1 h after cold preservation for 6 h. The perfusate levels of HMGB1, LDH, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly lower in the CD group pretreated with ART-123 (5 mg/kg) than in the CD group. Bile production was significantly higher in the CD group pretreated with ART-123 (5 mg/kg) than in the CD group. The sinusoidal spaces were significantly narrower in the CD group than in the other groups. We propose that ART-123 maintains sinusoidal microcirculation by reducing endothelial cell damage during warm ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Physician-led in-hospital multidisciplinary team conferences with multiple medical specialities present - A scoping review (2022)

MDTs within chronic diseases appeared highly heterogeneous with respect to structure, reasons for referral, and choice of outcomes. While process indicators, such as change in diagnosis, and treatment management/plan seem improved, such have not been demonstrated through outcome indicators.
The case for decoupling assembly and submission standards to maintain a more flexible registry of biological parts (2014)

The Registry of Standard Biological Parts only accepts genetic parts compatible with the RFC 10 BioBrick format. This combined assembly and submission standard requires that four unique restriction enzyme sites must not occur in the DNA sequence encoding a part. We present evidence that this requirement places a nontrivial burden on iGEM teams developing large and novel parts. We further argue that the emergence of inexpensive DNA synthesis and versatile assembly methods reduces the utility of coupling submission and assembly standards and propose a submission standard that is compatible with current quality control strategies while nearly eliminating sequence constraints on submitted parts.
Metagenomic Characterization of Influenza Virus: Bacteria Super-Infections Associated With Death and Survival (2019)

Abstract Bacterial super-infections (BSIs) increase morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics and pandemics, but not all strains of influenza virus uniformly increase host susceptibility to BSIs. Infection of mice with a swine virus isolate, A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98-H3N2 (TX98), did not significantly predispose the host to BSI mortality regardless of whether the BSI was caused by S aureus, S pneumoniae, or S pyogenes. Comparison of this survival phenotype with the laboratory influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/3/1934-H1N1, which demonstrates lethal synergism, showed that cellular recruitment profiles and cytokine responses differ between the two viruses in a manner that implicates host responses against the invading virus as a contributor to secondary infection severity. To better understand host, viral, and bacterial responses underlying disparate outcomes, we utilized metagenomic analysis of 559 genes, the NanoString nCounter Immunology Panel-Plus kit and FFPE mouse lungs from a published BSI time course. Results show an overall increased level of gene expression during BSIs associated with survival when compared to peak viral titers. Early viral clearance and the presence of S pyogenes in the lungs of TX98-infected lungs 24 hours after BSI was confirmed. Host responses tied to differences in early viral detection and clearance consisted of RIG-I, OAS, TLR3, TLR8, and TLR9. Key changes were noted in the expression of type I and II interferons, complement proteins, cytokines, chemokines, Fc receptors, scavenger receptors, the immunoproteasome, and genes associated with T, B, Treg, and NK cell activation. Interestingly, there was no significant increase in host antimicrobial peptides during BSIs associated with survival while CAMP and Nos2 were significantly increased 24 hours prior to death in lethal BSIs. To our knowledge, this is the first side-by-side metagenomics study of influenza BSIs associated with death and survival. Results offer mechanistic insight into clinical outcomes.
Efficient seeding of a Raman amplifier with a visible laser diode (1994)

Recent developments in tunable laser diodes now make it possible to do injection seeding of a quantum-limited Raman amplifier. We present data from an experiment in which a tunable laser diode in the visible was injected into a Raman amplifier with a coupling efficiency of 65% +/- 45%. This efficiency approaches the theoretical limit of 100% and is much larger than the 0.1-0.2% coupling efficiency reported in the literature for a comparable experiment when an infrared laser diode is used.
Computation of mu with real and complex uncertainties (1990)

The robustness analysis of system performance is one of the key issues in control theory, and one approach is to reduce this problem to that of computing the structured singular value, mu . When real parametric uncertainty is included, then mu must be computed with respect to a block structure containing both real and complex uncertainties. It is shown that mu is equivalent to a real eigenvalue maximization problem, and a power algorithm is developed to solve this problem. The algorithm has the property that mu is (almost) always an equilibrium point of the algorithm, and that whenever the algorithm converges a lower bound for mu results. This scheme has been found to have fairly good convergence properties. Each iteration of the scheme is very cheap, requiring only such operations as matrix-vector multiplications and vector inner products, and the method is sufficiently general to handle arbitrary numbers of repeated real scalars, repeated complex scalars, and full complex blocks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
About The Hive and the Honeybee Collection (2004)

The Hive and the Honeybee contains the full text of 

selected historical volumes from the E. F. Phillips Beekeeping Collection at the Albert R. 

Mann Library, Cornell University.
Klebsiella pneumoniae in Germany: An overview on spatiotemporal distribution and resistance development in humans (2021)

The emerging of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is increasing worldwide. Rapid dissemination and increase of its incidence in Germany are observed and becoming a significant challenge for clinical laboratories and physicians. The current review highlights its chronological sequence of appearance and resistance development in humans in the past two decades in Germany. Emerging resistance problems of K. pneumoniae to the vast majority of available antimicrobial agents, including carbapenems and those of the ß-lactam group, were observed since the end of the last century and strains carrying diverse resistance patterns have emerged in most federal states of Germany. Still, several aspects of resistance development and pathogenesis are not fully understood. To date, hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) isolates have been rarely isolated from German patients. The most frequent resistance genes identified are blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaSHV-11, blaSHV-5 blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-14, blaVIM-1 and the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene. One Health genomic surveillance of K. pneumoniae strains from different reservoirs is required. This would help to understand in great detail the mechanisms leading to resistance development, spread and transmission, and developing alternative treatment regimens
Optimal Maneuvering and Control of Cooperative Vehicles as Case Study for Maritime Applications within Harbors (2019)

This paper presents the development of a networked control system for maritime applications within the joint project GALILEOnautic to enable autonomous shipping and optimal maneuvering in harbor environments. To achieve this objective, all networked vehicles estimate position, velocity, orientation and time dynamically using a maritime navigation filter. These vehicle states are broadcasted to a central computation unit via long term evolution (LTE) mobile communication in combination with virtual private network (VPN). After a data synchronization step, an optimization algorithm uses the vessel states to calculate model-based optimal trajectories for each networked participant. These trajectories consist of target positions at certain instants of time and optimal settings for the rudder and propulsion units which are used as feedforward variables for a local trajectory controller on each vessel. To compensate smaller errors due to model inaccuracies during trajectory calculation, a feedback control loop is also established. Beside active network participants, other vehicles can be considered as well using data which is broadcasted by the automatic identification system (AIS). This paper presents the promising results of GALILEOnautic demonstrating an encounter situation of two networked vessels and one disturbing, non-networked participant. To demonstrate how the approach is able to avoid critical situations, three different demonstrators with increasing complexity are shown: networked robots, unmanned surface vehicles, and a ship-handling simulator.
Higher levels of the astrocytic marker CSF YKL40 are associated with better memory performance only in amyloid‐positive individuals with subjective cognitive decline (2021)

Abstract Background It is not clear whether neuroinflammation is a detrimental or a compensatory mechanism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent evidence suggests that increased levels of YKL40 are related to better memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older individuals with memory complaints. In this study, we aimed i) at replicating these previous findings and ii) extending to other markers by exploring the relationship between cognitive performance and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of astrocytic (YKL40, GFAP and S100) and microglial (sTREM2) neuroinflammation‐related activation, and to explore whether this association is further modulated by amyloid status and presence of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in a middle‐aged cohort of cognitively unimpaired individuals. Method We included data from 392 individuals from the ALFA+ cohort (mean age 61 years). CSF measures of amyloid pathology (Aβ 42/40 ) pathology and YKL‐40, GFAP, S100 and sTREM2, were analyzed with the exploratory Roche NeuroToolKit assays, a panel of automated robust prototype immunoassays. Individuals were classified as amyloid positive (A+) or negative (A‐) using the Aβ 42/40 =0.071 cut‐off and as SCD or non‐SCD using the SCD‐Questionnaire. Memory and Executive cognitive composites were used as dependent variables in linear models using CSF biomarkers with covariates (age, sex, education) as predictors. Interaction terms with biomarker*Amyloid status*SCD status were also modeled. Result One hundred and thirty‐five individuals (34.4%) were A+ and 107 (27.3%) displayed SCD (Table 1). For Memory composite we found significant interactions for YKL40*Amyloid*SCD (p=0.04) and sTREM2* Amyloid *SCD (p=0.03). In stratified analyses by Aβ and SCD we observed that Memory performance was positively associated with YKL40 in Aβ+ that also display SCD (n=39, p=0.019, Figure 1). No significant associations were found in stratified analysis with sTREM2 (neither by Amyloid nor by SCD status). For GFAP and S100, no associations were observed nor for any analysis with the Executive composite. Conclusion Astrocytic (YKL40), but not microglial (sTREM2), activation was associated with better memory performance in those cognitively unimpaired individuals with evidence of Alzheimer’s pathophysiological changes and subjective cognitive decline. Thus, some specific neuroinflammation may be beneficial at the end of the AD preclinical stage, in which subjective SCD arise.
Intraoperative video-rate hemodynamic response assessment in human cortex using snapshot hyperspectral optical imaging (2016)

Using light, we are able to visualize the hemodynamic behavior of the brain to better understand neurovascular coupling and cerebral metabolism. <i>In vivo</i> optical imaging of tissue using endogenous chromophores necessitates spectroscopic detection to ensure molecular specificity as well as sufficiently high imaging speed and signal-to-noise ratio, to allow dynamic physiological changes to be captured, isolated, and used as surrogate of pathophysiological processes. An optical imaging system is introduced using a 16-bands on-chip hyperspectral camera. Using this system, we show that up to three dyes can be imaged and quantified in a tissue phantom at video-rate through the optics of a surgical microscope. <i>In vivo</i> human patient data are presented demonstrating brain hemodynamic response can be measured intraoperatively with molecular specificity at high speed.
Model predictive control for wind power gradients (2014)

We consider the operation of a wind turbine and a connected local battery or other electrical storage device, taking into account varying wind speed, with the goal of maximizing the total energy generated while respecting limits on the time derivative (gradient) of power delivered to the grid. We use the turbine inertia as an additional energy storage device, by varying its speed over time, and coordinate the flows of energy to achieve the goal. The control variables are turbine pitch, generator torque and charge/discharge rates for the storage device, each of which can be varied over given ranges. The system dynamics are quite non-linear, and the constraints and objectives are not convex functions of the control inputs, so the resulting optimal control problem is difficult to solve globally. In this paper, we show that by a novel change of variables, which focuses on power flows, we can transform the problem to one with linear dynamics and convex constraints. Thus, the problem can be globally solved, using robust, fast solvers tailored for embedded control applications. We implement the optimal control problem in a receding horizon manner and provide extensive closed-loop tests with real wind data and modern wind forecasting methods. The simulation results using real wind data demonstrate the ability to reject the disturbances from fast changes in wind speed, ensuring certain power gradients, with an insignificant loss in energy production.
A digitally-controlled seven-state X-band SiGe variable gain low noise amplifier (2014)

This work describes the design of a digitally-controlled seven-state variable gain low noise amplifier. The amplifier utilizes separately biased transistor cores to activate additional transistor area and change the amplifier gain. Variable gain low noise amplifiers enable greater dynamic range in RF receivers and provide amplitude control for phased-array systems. The amplifier was fabricated in a 180 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology platform featuring SiGe HBTs with an f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 240/260 GHz. When all transistor cores are activated, the amplifier achieves 16.5 dB of gain and a noise figure of 1.6 dB at 10 GHz. A gain variation of 7 dB from the maximum to the minimum state is demonstrated. In addition, the noise figure, linearity, and gain all improve with increasing transistor area and power dissipation, indicating an optimum state can be selected to meet receiver requirements while minimizing power dissipation.
Preparation and Chemical Behavior of 2‐(tert‐Butoxycarbonyl)amino‐3‐bromomethyl Pyridine, a Novel Alkylating Agent. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development, Testing, And Deployment of an Air Sampling Manifold for Spiking Elemental and Oxidized Mercury During the Reno Atmospheric Mercury Intercomparison Experiment (RAMIX) (2013)

The Reno Atmospheric Mercury Intercomparison Experiment (RAMIX) was in Reno, NV from August 22, 2011 to September 16, 2011. The goals of the experiment were to compare existing and new methods for measurements of ambient elemental and oxidized Hg, and to test these with quantitative spikes of Hg(0), HgBr2, O3 and water vapor. In this paper we describe the design, testing, and deployment of a high flow manifold system designed to deliver ambient air and spiked compounds to multiple instruments simultaneously. The manifold was constructed of 1" OD PFA tubing and heated to 115 °C for the entire active zone. Manifold flow was controlled at ∼200 LPM using a blower and a velocity sensor in a feedback control system. Permeation tubes in controlled ovens were used to deliver Hg(0) and HgBr2. Ozone was generated from a small UV lamp in a flow of high purity O2. Water vapor was generated by pumping a flow of purified N2 through heated, high purity water. The spiking delivery for Hg(0), HgBr2, O3, and water vapor after dilution in the manifold ranged up to 20 ng m(-3), 0.64 ng m(-3), 100 ppbv, and 20 g kg(-1), respectively. During laboratory tests the average transmission efficiencies for Hg(0), HgBr2, and O3 were found to be 92%, 76%, and 93%, respectively.
Light‐induced changes in glutamate release from isolated rat retina is regulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (2001)

Isolated rat retina was preloaded with [(14)C]glutamate and subsequently superfused to follow release of glutamate (Glu). After 20 min of superfusion in the dark, exposure of the [(14)C]Glu preloaded rat retina to a single train of white light pulses reduced Glu efflux significantly in the absence as well as in the presence of low (4 microM) and high (0.5 mM) concentrations of the Glu uptake inhibitor trans-L-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (t-PDC). The dark-light response was the highest in the presence of 4 microM t-PDC by establishing a plateau at 75% +/- 7% of the tonic Glu release in the dark (100%). Displaying transient to saturating responses with increasing relative luminance, time series of four trains of white light pulses arrived at a plateau of 85% +/- 10%. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor Zaprinast (200 microM) antagonized the effect of the light series, leading to a plateau of 115% +/- 9%. Exposure of the retina to the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor LY83583 (30 and 100 microM) showed fast, transient responses characterized by peaks at 90% +/- 1% and 80% +/- 3%, respectively.