gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method To Ensure Stone-on-Stone Contact in Stone Matrix Asphalt Paving Mixtures (1997)

The use of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) has continued to rise in the United States because of its ability to withstand heavy traffic without rutting. This ability is derived from a stone-on-stone coarse aggregate skeleton. While this coarse aggregate skeleton is imperative for SMA to perform, no quantitative method exists to measure it. A method for determining when stone-on-stone contact exists is presented. The proposed method first determines the voids in the coarse aggregate (VCA) for the coarse aggregate–only fraction of the SMA mixture. Second, the VCA is determined for the entire SMA mixture. When the two VCA values are compared, the VCA of the SMA mixture should be less than or equal to the VCA of the coarse aggregate–only fraction to ensure that stone-on-stone contact exists in the mixture. Five different methods for determining the VCA of the coarse aggregate–only fraction were used to see which performed best and was the most practical. The aggregate degradation produced by each of the five methods was also determined and compared with the coarse aggregate breakdown produced in an SMA mixture compacted with 50 blows of a Marshall hammer. The results indicate that the Superpave gyratory compactor and dry-rodded methods produced the best results. Both methods are recommended for further testing.
Optical and structural properties of Ge submonolayer nano-inclusions in a Si matrix grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2001)

The optical and structural properties of the Ge submonolayer nano-inclusions in a Si matrix grown by molecular beam epitaxy are investigated. It is shown that at relatively high growth temperatures >600° C new features appear in the photoluminescence spectra. It is found that these features correspond to formation of the germanium nano-inclusions in a silicon matrix.
Folding Assessment of Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids Facilitates Expansion of Functional‐Group Diversity for Enzyme Engineering (2020)

Protein design is limited by the diversity of functional groups provided by the canonical protein "building blocks". Incorporating noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into enzymes enables a dramatic expansion of their catalytic features. For this, quick identification of fully translated and correctly folded variants is decisive. Herein, we report the engineering of the enantioselectivity of an esterase utilizing several ncAAs. Key for the identification of active and soluble protein variants was the use of the split-GFP method, which is crucial as it allows simple determination of the expression levels of enzyme variants with ncAA incorporations by fluorescence. Several identified variants led to improved enantioselectivity or even inverted enantiopreference in the kinetic resolution of ethyl 3-phenylbutyrate.
Lilly Insulin Glargine Versus Lantus® in Insulin-Naïve and Insulin-Treated Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (ELEMENT 5) (2019)

Eli Lilly and Company and Boehringer Ingelheim. Plain language summary available for this article.
Numerical study of electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics in collapsed building for rescue radar applications (2018)

Since the Gyeongju earthquakes in 2016, there have been increased research interests in the areas of seismic design, building collapse, and rescue radar applications in Korea. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive electromagnetic method that is used for underground surveys. To properly design ground penetrating radar that detects buried victims precisely, it is important to study electromagnetic wave propagation channel characteristics in advance. This work presents an electromagnetic propagation environment analysis of a trapped victim for GPR applications. In this study, we develop a realistic collapse model composed of layered reinforced concrete and a victim positioned horizontally. In addition, the effects of rebars and the distance between the radar antenna and target are investigated. The numerical analysis presents the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics, including amplitude loss and phase difference, in the 450-MHz and 1,500-MHz frequency band, and it shows the electric field distribution in the environment.
Smart Contracts on the Move (2020)

Blockchain systems have received much attention and promise to revolutionize many services. Yet, despite their popularity, current blockchain systems exist in isolation, that is, they cannot share information. While interoperability is crucial for blockchain to reach widespread adoption, it is difficult to achieve due to differences among existing blockchain technologies. This paper presents a technique to allow blockchain interoperability. The core idea is to provide a primitive operation to developers so that contracts and objects can switch from one blockchain to another, without breaking consistency and violating key blockchain properties. To validate our ideas, we implemented our protocol in two popular blockchain clients that use the Ethereum virtual machine. We discuss how to build applications using the proposed protocol and show examples of applications based on real use cases that can move across blockchains. To analyze the system performance we use a real trace from one of the most popular Ethereum applications and replay it in a multi-blockchain environment.
Investigation of a Passive Sensor Array for Diagnosis of Loosening of Endoprosthetic Implants (2012)

Currently, imaging methods are used to diagnose loosening of endoprosthetic implants, but fail to achieve 100% accuracy. In this study, a passive sensor array which is based on the interaction between magnetic oscillators inside the implant and an excitation coil outside the patient was investigated. The excited oscillators produce sound in the audible range, which varies according to the extent of loosening. By performing several experimental tests, the sensor array was optimized to guarantee reproducible and selective excitation of the sound emission. Variation in the distance between the oscillators demonstrated a definite influence on the quality of the generated sound signal. Furthermore, a numerical design analysis using the boundary element method was generated for consideration of the magnetic field and the selectivity of the oscillators during excitation. The numerical simulation of the coil showed the higher selectivity of a coil with a C-shape compared to a cylindrical coil. Based on these investigations, the passive sensor system reveals the potential for detection of implant loosening. Future aims include the further miniaturization of the oscillators and measurements to determine the sensitivity of the proposed sensor system.
Coherent Transceiver for High Speed Optical Communications: Opportunities and Challenges (2019)

With the emergence of new markets for coherent optical transponders, new challenges need to be addressed. Coherent optical modems have fast become the standard transport solution in the telecommunications industry for medium and long reach applications and are gaining momentum in shorter reach applications. In this paper, we highlight some of the technical challenges stemming from the different application spaces and how the requirements from each market segment will affect the design of subcomponents of optical transponders, in particular for analog electronics and for optical components and sub-assemblies. In particular, we will present how key technologies such as CMOS, Bi-CMOS, III-V and Silicon Photonics (SiP) will help alleviate some of the system-level challenges.
Forward Collision Warning Systems—Validating Driving Simulator Results with Field Data (2023)

With the advent of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), there is an increasing need to evaluate driver behavior while using such technology. In this unique study, a forward collision warning (FCW) system using connected vehicle technology was introduced in a driving simulator environment, to evaluate driver braking behavior, and then the results are validated using data from field tests. A total of 93 participants were recruited for this study, for which a virtual network of South Baltimore was created. A one sample t-test was conducted, and it was found that the mean reduction in speed of 15.07 mph post-FCW is statistically significant. A random forest machine learning algorithm was found to be the best fit for ranking the most important variables in the data set by order of importance. Field data obtained from the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) substantiated the FCW findings from this driving simulator study. Our real-world findings confirmed the conclusions drawn from the simulation experiment as it was also found that the presence of the FCW had a positive and significant impact on the change of speed, which proves the effectiveness of our simulation experiment. Moreover, this field experiment found that the majority of drivers started pressing the brake pedal after receiving the warning, which shows the effectiveness of the FCW system. Thus, from both the simulator and the field tests, it can be said that an FCW system is effective in inducing a speed reduction.
Tungsten polyoxometalate molecules as active nodes for dynamic carrier exchange in hybrid molecular/semiconductor capacitors (2014)

In this work we study the utilization of molecular transition metal oxides known as polyoxometalates (POMs), in particular the Keggin structure anions of the formula PW12O403−, as active nodes for potential switching and/or fast writing memory applications. The active molecules are being integrated in hybrid Metal-Insulator/POM molecules-Semiconductor capacitors, which serve as prototypes allowing investigation of critical performance characteristics towards the design of more sophisticated devices. The charging ability as well as the electronic structure of the molecular layer is probed by means of electrical characterization, namely, capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurements, as well as transient capacitance measurements, C (t), under step voltage polarization. It is argued that the transient current peaks observed are manifestations of dynamic carrier exchange between the gate electrode and specific molecular levels, while the transient C (t) curves under conditions of molecular charging can supply information for the rate of change of the charge that is being trapped and de-trapped within the molecular layer. Structural characterization via surface and cross sectional scanning electron microscopy as well as atomic force microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, UV and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopies, UPS, and XPS contribute to the extraction of accurate electronic structure characteristics and open the path for the design of new devices with on-demand tuning of their interfacial properties via the controlled preparation of the POM layer.
Temporal Conditional Random Fields: A conditional state space predictor for visual tracking (2010)

We present a modified Temporal Conditional Random Fields framework for modeling and predicting object motion. To facilitate such a powerful graphical model with prediction and come up with a CRF-based predictor, we propose a set of new temporal relations for object tracking, with feature functions such as optical flow (calculated among consequent frames). We evaluate our proposed Temporal Conditional Random Field method with real and synthetic data sequences and will show that the TCRF prediction is nearly equivalent with result of template matching. Experimental results show that our proposed method estimates future target state with zero error until target dynamic changes. Our proposed modified CRF method with simple and easy to implement feature functions, can learn any target dynamic, thus, it can predict next state of target with zero error.
Biochemical measures of hepatic function and bevacizumab clearance in patients with colorectal cancer: A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) approach (2005)

Background/Aims Bevacizumab (BV) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor. BV was approved in February 2004 for use in combination with 5-FU-based chemotherapy as 1st-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. This analysis investigated the relationship between clearance (CL) of BV and biochemical measures of hepatic function (BHF). Methods Individual CL values for the 2 pivotal trials were estimated with the POSTHOC option in NONMEM using a BV PPK model and compared to available BHF: albumin (ALB), AST, ALT, total bilirubin (TBIL), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK). The time-varying vs. baseline-only covariate effects were assessed by comparing the respective NONMEM fits. Results Inter-subject analyses of CL and BHF showed: ALB and ALK associations with BV CL at baseline were statistically significant Differences in CL with extremes of ALB and ALK at baseline were modest (<25%) compared with inter-subject variability (>33%) No relationship between treatment-emergent changes in BHF and CL of BV was apparent. Conclusion Lower ALB and higher ALK were associated with higher BV CL (decreased exposure) and are likely surrogates for more advanced disease rather than hepatic dysfunction. These differences in CL were modest and unlikely to have a meaningful effect on BV exposure. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P76–P76; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.180
Elimination of The Effects of Mutual Coupling on Adaptive Antennas (2003)

This chapter includes the following topics: Accounting for Mutual Coupling Among an Array of Dipoles Effect of Mutual Coupling Compensation for Mutual Coupling Bearing Estimation by Combined CDMA and Matrix Pencil with Mutual Coupling Compensation Conclusion
Diagnosis and Management of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Patients with AIDS and Cryptococcal Meningitis (2000)

This study was undertaken to characterize the laboratory and clinical course of patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis who had normal or elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Data were obtained retrospectively from a randomized multicenter quasifactorial phase III study comparing amphotericin B with or without flucytosine in primary treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. CSF pressure was measured before treatment and at 2 weeks. Repeated lumbar punctures were done to drain CSF and to reduce pressure. Patients with the highest baseline opening pressures (> or = 250 mm H2O) were distinguished by higher titers of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen in CSF; more frequently positive India ink smears of CSF; and more frequent headache, meningismus, papilledema, hearing loss, and pathological reflexes. After receiving antifungal therapy, those patients whose CSF pressure was reduced by >10 mm or did not change had more frequent clinical response at 2 weeks than did those whose pressure increased >10 mm (P<.001). Patients with pretreatment opening pressure <250 mm H2O had increased short-term survival compared with those with higher pressure. We recommend that opening pressures >/=250 mm H2O be treated with large-volume CSF drainage.
Lansoprazole, a Proton Pump Inhibitor, to Reduce Gastrointestinal Inflammation via Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction (2010)

Lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, inhibits acute inflammatory reactions as well as intestinal mucosal injuries induced by ischemia-reperfusion or indomethacin administration in rats. These cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions induced by lansoprazole are demonstrated to be independent of acid inhibition. In in vitro study, lansoprazole can induce the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in epithelial as well as inflammatory cells, and exerts anti-inflammatory effect dependent on HO-1 expression. Furthermore, NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/keap-1 system plays an important role in HO-1 expression induced by lansoprazole. In this article, we have focused on lansoprazole-induced HO-1 expression, its anti-inflammatory action, and the role of Nrf2 in its expression.
Reliability growth of autonomous underwater vehicle - dorado (2005)

Underwater environments are highly unstructured, uncertain, and dynamic. However, over the past three decades many autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been developed and successfully deployed for various oceanographic applications. There is a growing need for the AUVs to be reliable for collecting useful data and samples for their users. An AUV is a typical one-of-a-kind product for which it is difficult to derive a mathematical/statistical model for reliability prediction. The failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) can produce more effective results. However, the assessment of reliability growth of an AUV is very important for predicting its operational success in challenging underwater environments. In this paper, we present the identification of different types of failures that occurred during the past one and a half years of operation of MBARI's Dorado AUV, classification of those failures, and the reliability growth analysis for the vehicle. Reliability issues of various subsystems and operational procedure of the AUV have also been discussed. An extensive analysis of operational data and test results are presented in this paper.
Learning-based Blind Detection of Interference Parameters for NAICS System (2020)

In this paper, a supervised-learning based blind detection of interference parameters for network-assisted interference cancellation and suppression (NAICS) system is proposed. In order to enable joint detection or interference cancellation at a user equipment in NAICS system, we consider detection of the interference parameters including traffic-to-pilot power ratio (TPR), rank indicator (RI), and precoding matrix indicator (PMI). We divide overall process for detection of these interference parameters into two steps, and propose supervised learning based neural network architecture for detection of corresponding parameters in each steps. Link-level simulation results are provided to validate detection performance of the proposed neural network architecture and performance of NAICS system which uses the proposed learning based detection method with respect to block error rate (BLER).
Decode-Efficient Prefix Codes for Hierarchical Memory Models (2020)

The cost of uncompressing (decoding) data can be prohibitive in certain real-time applications, for example when predicting using compressed deep learning models. In many scenarios, it is acceptable to sacrifice to some extent on compression in the interest of fast decoding. In this work, we are interested in finding the prefix tree having the best decode time under the constraint that the code length does not exceed a certain threshold for a natural class of algorithms under the hierarchical memory model. We present an efficient optimal algorithm for this problem based on a dynamic program that capitalizes on an interesting structure of the optimal solution.
The role of anogenital distance in the incidence risk of prostate cancer in China (2021)

Abstract Background: Anogenital distance（AGD） can be used as a biomarker to indirectly indicate androgen levels during the sexual maturation of mammals. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the association between the AGD and the risk of prostate cancer(PCa), we performed this studyMaterials: A total of 107 patients undergoing perineal prostate biopsy from November 2019 to August 2020 were enrolled. All patients diagnosed 57 PCa patients and 50 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) patients through perineal prostate biopsy in our hospital . The anus to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGDAS) and the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDAP) of all patients were measured before prostate biopsy.Result: The mean age of patients with PCa was 69.46 ± 7.52 and the mean age of patients with BPH was 67.38± 8.26. We did not find a significant association between age and BMI in the risk of PCa(all p＞0.05). Besides, there was no significant association between AGD and the risk of PCa(p＞0.05). we only discovered that PSA could play an important role in the development of PCa.Conclusion: AGD may not play an important role in predicting the incidence risk of PCa. we still need a large-scale prospective study to explore the ture association between AGD and the incidence of PCa.
Neuroplasticity of language in left-hemisphere stroke: evidence linking subsecond electrophysiology and structural connectivity (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Synchronizing new product development projects and supply chain retrofitting for financial sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry (2009)

In today's highly competitive marketplace, supply chain and product development
activities should be coordinated and synchronized so that market demand, product release
and capacity requirements are matched in a financially sustainable fashion. In this work an
integrated model is developed which incorporates simultaneous treatment of supply chain
design-planning and R&D decisions in the pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, the
aforementioned cross-functional model embeds a capital budgeting formulation enabling the
quantitative assessment of the firms’ value. The model also considers the endogenous
uncertainty associated with product test outcomes during the development process. To tackle
this problem, a scenario based multi-stage stochastic mixed integer linear programming
formulation is proposed. This model includes risk constraints which allow finding optimal
solutions within accepted risk levels. A decomposition technique is applied in order to reduce
the computational effort required for the solution of the monolithic model, thus facilitating
the solution of realistic industrial problems of moderate scale.
Rm-Code: Proprioceptive Real-Time Recursive Multi-Contact Detection, Isolation and Identification (2021)

Humanoid robots in unknown environments need to be able to quickly react to contacts in order to ensure safety of humans and their own hardware. For showing useful reactions to contacts, the robot needs information about possibly multiple contacts such as their respective contact locations and wrenches. In this paper, we introduce our algorithm rm-Code, a real-time multi-contact detection, isolation and identification algorithm for tree-structured floating base robots based on generalized external forces and (optional) external wrenches measured by force/torque sensors within the kinematic chain. Those entities have been deduced in the literature using proprioceptive sensing only. Furthermore, the algorithm is fast enough for online computation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm combining all of these properties. Rm-Code is quantitatively evaluated in simulation. The results show that our solution is able to accurately solve the problem when fed with perfect input data. In a second step, possible sources of error in the presence of noisy input data are analyzed. It is concluded that purely proprioception based contact isolation and identification in the multi-contact case has certain limitations under realistic conditions. However, these limitations could be overcome easily by integrating simple link contact detection, e.g. bumpers or other similarly simple means.