gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Parasite‐Specific Response in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. A Longitudinal Study of Blood Mononculear Cell Proliferation and Subset Composition (1986)

The present longitudinal study was designed to characterize immunosuppression during acute Plasmodium falciparum infection, during the treatment and up to 1 month after the acute stage. The proliferative responses of blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) isolated from non-immune and semi-immune malaria patients and controls to mitogens and two Plasmodium-derived stimulators (merozoites, Meroz, and soluble purified antigen, SPag) and non-related antigens were measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. BMNC isolated before treatment (day 0) from the non-immune patients did not respond to Meroz, whereas those from controls showed a significantly higher response. The SPag responses were also low in BMNC isolated on day 0 and increased in both the non-immune and the semi-immune patients during the observation period. These findings indicate that during malaria there is a depression of the parasite-specific proliferative response. The subset composition of BMNC isolated from non-immune patients was studied in a FACS analyser. The mean cell volumes of both Leu 2+ and Leu 3+ cells were increased during the acute phase of the infection, indicating that malaria infection results in activation of both T-helper and T-suppressor cells. There was no overall reduction of the response to mitogens on day 0. However, 3 days after initiation of the treatment the mitogen response was decreased. This finding indicates that it is important to distinguish between the effects of malaria infection and of drug treatment.
In Situ Soil Venting - Full Scale Test, Hill AFB. Volume 3. Guidance Document, Literature Review (1991)

The purpose of this project was to demonstrate a full-scale in situ soil venting technology and to carefully document the design, operation and performance of this system so that it could be applied at other Air Force contaminated sites. Although this technology is now commercially available, its ability to fully remediate jet fuel spills had never been proven, nor had the full-scale costs ever been validated when catalytic incineration is used as an emission control method. ESL Technical Report 90-21 is in three volumes. The first volume is a complete literature review of previous soil venting research and field work. Volume II is a guidance manual which provides important design information and describes methods of pilot testing this technology prior to full-scale application. Results of the Hill AFB test are included in Volume III. These publications will provide invaluable information to Air Force engineers responsible for cleaning up chemically contaminated sites.... Soil venting, Fuel spill remediation, Bioremediation, Vacuum extraction.
A multimodal imaging platform with integrated simultaneous photoacoustic microscopy, optical coherence tomography, optical Doppler tomography and fluorescence microscopy (2018)

Various optical imaging modalities with different optical contrast mechanisms have been developed over the past years. Although most of these imaging techniques are being used in many biomedical applications and researches, integration of these techniques will allow researchers to reach the full potential of these technologies. Nevertheless, combining different imaging techniques is always challenging due to the difference in optical and hardware requirements for different imaging systems. Here, we developed a multimodal optical imaging system with the capability of providing comprehensive structural, functional and molecular information of living tissue in micrometer scale. This imaging system integrates photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical Doppler tomography (ODT) and fluorescence microscopy in one platform. Optical-resolution PAM (OR-PAM) provides absorption-based imaging of biological tissues. Spectral domain OCT is able to provide structural information based on the scattering property of biological sample with no need for exogenous contrast agents. In addition, ODT is a functional extension of OCT with the capability of measurement and visualization of blood flow based on the Doppler effect. Fluorescence microscopy allows to reveal molecular information of biological tissue using autofluoresce or exogenous fluorophores. In-vivo as well as ex-vivo imaging studies demonstrated the capability of our multimodal imaging system to provide comprehensive microscopic information on biological tissues. Integrating all the aforementioned imaging modalities for simultaneous multimodal imaging has promising potential for preclinical research and clinical practice in the near future.
Analytic correction of edge effects in ion-beam sputtered depth profiles (1980)

A numerical integration procedure based on theoretical analysis of the crater geometry removes the edge effects from depth profiles obtained by sputtering with a static and nonuniform ion beam. Parameters characterizing the beam and the detector ensue from the depth profile of a standard sharp interface, e.g., a SiO2 film on silicon. These parameters then correct subsequent depth profiles of unknown interfaces sputtered by the same beam. The advantages of this approach are that no a priori knowledge of th beam current density distribution is required, and the mathematical treatment lends itself to computerization for on-line data processing. Examples of the correction performed on experiomental depth profiles obtained by sputter-induced optical emission and secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques illustrate its general applicability.
Atherosclerosis: cell biology and lipoproteins focus on epigenetic modification and macrophage biology (2017)

aInstitute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany bDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands cDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliances, Munich dCardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany Correspondence to Norbert Gerdes, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Tel: +49 211 81 13474; e-mail: [email protected]
Binding of B(a)P diol epoxide to chromosomal histone proteins (1979)

In order to understand how a chemical such as benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) exerts its carcinogenic effect, a fundamental knowledge is required concerning the interaction of metabolites of B(a)P with the macromolecules of the eukaryotic cell and the consequences of such interaction at the molecular level. Since current evidence suggests that the DNA is an important target of the ultimate carcinogenic form of B(a)P, the B(a)P diol epoxide, we have studied the binding of B(a)P diol epoxide (anti) to chromatin in vitro, in order to obtain some information about the interaction of this carcinogen with the various components of chromatin.
The Mechanobiology of Aging (2015)

Aging is a complex, multifaceted process that induces a myriad of physiological changes over an extended period of time. Aging is accompanied by major biochemical and biomechanical changes at macroscopic and microscopic length scales that affect not only tissues and organs but also cells and subcellular organelles. These changes include transcriptional and epigenetic modifications; changes in energy production within mitochondria; and alterations in the overall mechanics of cells, their nuclei, and their surrounding extracellular matrix. In addition, aging influences the ability of cells to sense changes in extracellular-matrix compliance (mechanosensation) and to transduce these changes into biochemical signals (mechanotransduction). Moreover, following a complex positive-feedback loop, aging is accompanied by changes in the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix, resulting in changes in the mechanics of connective tissues in older individuals. Consequently, these progressive dysfunctions facilitate many human pathologies and deficits that are associated with aging, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative disorders and diseases. Here, we critically review recent work highlighting some of the primary biophysical changes occurring in cells and tissues that accompany the aging process.
Formation of S‐Shaped Disilicoicosatungstate and Efficient Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide (2006)

Partielle Protonierung eines Silicodecawolframats vom Keggin-Typ mit zwei Leerstellen in einem wasserfreien organischen Solvens bewirkte eine dehydratisierende Kondensation und die Bildung eines neuartigen S-förmigen Disilicoicosawolframats (siehe Bild). Der S-förmige Cluster vermittelt die Baeyer-Villiger-Oxidation von Cycloalkanonen zu Lactonen mit hohen Umsatzzahlen und Selektivitäten (≥1900 bzw. ≥90 %).
Influenza Vaccines: A Moving Interdisciplinary Field (2014)

Vaccination is by far the most effective way of preventing morbidity and mortality due to infection of the upper respiratory tract by influenza virus. Current vaccines require yearly vaccine updates as the influenza virus can escape vaccine-induced humoral immunity due to the antigenic variability of its surface antigens. In case of a pandemic, new vaccines become available too late with current vaccine practices. New technologies that allow faster production of vaccine seed strains in combination with alternative production platforms and vaccine formulations may shorten the time gap between emergence of a new influenza virus and a vaccine becoming available. Adjuvants may allow antigen-sparing, allowing more people to be vaccinated with current vaccine production capacity. Adjuvants and universal vaccines can target immune responses to more conserved influenza epitopes, which eventually will result in broader protection for a longer time. In addition, further immunological studies are needed to gain insights in the immune features that contribute to protection from influenza-related disease and mortality, allowing redefinition of correlates of protection beyond virus neutralization in vitro.
Centrifugal Separation for Cleaning Well Gas Streams (2004)

An examination of centrifugal gas separation applied to natural gas wells shows that it has some technical advantages for bulk removal of souring components in highly contaminated streams. Different criteria from those used in traditional UF6 processing apply, and we develop and describe these. In particular, the distribution of components means that enrichment occurs much closer to the center, which would imply easier separation. Symmetry considerations during analysis of a binary system show that the previous implicit assumption of steady-state pressure gradient requiring zero component convection during the setting up of the concentration gradient is incorrect, although the correction for our case is relatively small. Analysis of times for batch spin-up as well as radial pressure distributions indicate that high throughput operation at elevated pressures may be an option.
Precise chirp parameter measurement of asymmetric Mach-Zehnder modulators with active Y-branch (2013)

For precise chirp parameter control, we investigated x-cut LiNbO3 single-drive asymmetric Mach-Zehnder modulators with extinction-ratio adjustable active Y-branch structures, which can enhance on-off extinction ratio. The chirp parameter of the modulated output was precisely measured by using high extinction ratio operation. Experimental results show that it is possible to fabricate modulators with desired chirp parameters.
DIETARY SESAMIN SUPPRESSES AORTIC NADPH OXIDASE IN DOCA SALT HYPERTENSIVE RATS (2007)

1. Dietary sesamin, a sesame lignan, is known to suppress the development of experimental hypertension in rats partly through its inhibitory effect on vascular O(2)(-) production. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether sesamin feeding had any effect on vascular NADPH oxidase using aortas from deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt hypertensive rats. 2. After a 5 week feeding and treatment period, aortic O(2)(-) production and NADPH oxidase activity were measured using the lucigenin assay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyse aortic expression of NADPH oxidase subunit (p22phox, gp91phox, Nox1 and Nox4) mRNA. 3. Sesamin feeding markedly suppressed DOCA salt-induced hypertension and significantly decreased aortic O(2)(-) production. DOCA salt treatment increased NADPH oxidase activity and elevated aortic mRNA expression of p22phox, gp91phox, Nox1 and Nox4. Sesamin feeding abolished the increase in NADPH oxidase activity and, furthermore, significantly suppressed increases in p22phox, gp91phox and Nox1 mRNA expression. 4. In conclusion, dietary sesamin prevented DOCA salt-induced increases in NADPH oxidase activity and subunit mRNA expression. These effects seem to be involved in the anti-oxidant and antihypertensive effects of sesamin.
The Caribbean, the EU, and the WTO: The political economy of marginalization (2010)

The paper evaluates the changes that have taken place in the political economy of global trade, particularly the growing influence of international organisations (such as the European Union and World Trade Organisation) and their rules and norms, and the political and economic marginalisation of the Commonwealth Caribbean that has resulted. First, the paper considers briefly the EU-Caribbean relationship under the Lomé Convention, and the dynamics of one of the last successful trade negotiations undertaken by the Caribbean (the agreement on a single European banana market in 1993). Since then the global trading climate has altered dramatically with negative consequences for the Caribbean’s economy. The paper evaluates events in the banana sector which have highlighted attention on the influential role of the WTO. The final section of the paper evaluates how the EU took its lead from the WTO in designing the recently agreed Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the Caribbean. The EPA establishes a largely reciprocal free trade agreement which replaces the non-reciprocal trade preferences of Lomé. The paper evaluates the provisions of the EPA, particularly those for the trade in goods and the trade in services. It argues that the Caribbean’s interests have been marginalised in recent years due to new rules governing global trade and the altered geo-strategic priorities of the EU.
Improved Extended Kalman Filter Estimation Using Threshold Signal Detection With an MEMS Electrostatic Microscanner (2019)

A threshold signal detector is proposed to improve the state estimation accuracy of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and is validated experimentally with a MEMS electrostatic micro-scanner. A first order derivative of Gaussian (DOG) filter is used to detect and locate rapid changes in voltage signal caused by crossing of a threshold angle determined by maximum overlap of capacitive electrodes. The event-triggered measurement is used in the update step of the EKF to provide intermittent but more accurate angle measurements than those of the capacitive sensor's continuous output. Experiments on the electrostatic micro-scanner show that with the threshold signal detector incorporated, the average position estimation accuracy of the EKF is improved by 15.1%, with largest improvement (30.3%) seen in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. A parametric study is conducted to examine sampling frequency and capacitance profile, among other factors that may affect detection error and EKF accuracy.
Alkane Carbon−Hydrogen Bond Functionalization with (NHC)MCl Precatalysts (M = Cu, Au; NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene) (2006)

Facile alkane functionalization by means of the insertion of :CHCO2Et, from ethyl diazoacetate, into carbon−hydrogen bonds mediated by catalytic amounts of (NHC)MCl (NHC = N-heterocyclic ligand; M = Cu, Au) and a halide scavenger MX has been achieved. This chemistry includes the insertion of the carbene fragment into alkane primary positions with Cu- and Au-based catalysts. The nature of the counterion X and of the NHC ligand have a significant effect on the overall yields and regioselectivity of the reaction.
Tuberculosis among individuals with community-acquired pneumonia presenting to emergency in Gaborone, Botswana (2018)

Delays in diagnosing Tuberculosis (TB) are associated with increased transmission. TB may present as a clinical syndrome that mimics community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this paper was to determine frequency of TB among patients with CAP at a referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. We performed a retrospective study of adults presenting with CAP from April 2010-October 2011 to the Emergency Department (ED); we matched this cohort to the National Botswana Tuberculosis Registry (NBTR) to identify individuals subsequently diagnosed with TB. We assessed demographics, time to TB diagnosis, clinical outcomes and performed logistic regressions to identify factors associated with TB diagnosis. We identified 1305 individuals presenting with CAP; TB was subsequently diagnosed in 68 (5.2%). The median time to TB diagnosis was 9.5 days. Forty percent were AFB sputum smear positive and 87% were identified as being HIV-positive. Subsequent diagnosis of TB is common among individuals with CAP at our ED, suggesting that TB may be present at the time of CAP presentation. Given the lack of distinguishing clinical factors between pulmonary TB and CAP, adults presenting with CAP should be evaluated for active TB in Botswana.
Aggressive Surgery and Ovarian Cancer (2006)

The authors reported on the available surgical data of 889 patients who were enrolled on the Scottish Randomized Trial in Ovarian Cancer comparing docetaxel/carboplatin with paclitaxel/carboplatin. 2 Since the results of the Scottish Randomized Trial in Ovarian Cancer (SCOTROC) chemotherapy trial showed no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between the docetaxel and paclitaxel arms, this means that all patients effectively had similar chemotherapy. One of the three main observations in the surgical study of Crawford et al was that optimal debulking was associated with increased PFS mainly for patients with less extensive disease at the outset. Therefore, Crawford et al concluded that increased PFS is associated with optimal surgery limited to patients with less-advanced disease, arguing for case selection rather than aggressive debulking.
Accurate calculation of ground-state energies in an analytic Lanczos expansion (1997)

An analysis of a general non-perturbative technique for calculating ground-state properties of extensive lattice many-body systems is presented, in order to extract accurate numerical values characterizing the ground-state spectrum. This technique, the plaquette expansion, employs an expansion about the thermodynamic limit of the coefficients that are generated by the Lanczos process. For the ground-state energy this error analysis, using theorems on the error bounds for the Lanczos method and the truncation in the plaquette expansion, allows for an accurate estimate when the approximation is taken to a given order. As an example we analyse the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model, and find that the best ground-state energy density is within of the exact value, although the systematic error is . We also find, for this model, systematic improvement with each new order included in the expansion and have not observed any asymptotic tendencies. At equivalent orders of truncation we achieve far better results than for the other moment methods, such as the t-expansion or the connected-moment expansion.
A MIMO Propagation Channel Model in a Random Medium (2009)

Multiple input-multiple output systems have received considerable attention because of their potential to achieve high channel capacity. This paper presents a study of the effects of a random scattering medium on channel capacity. Formulations are given including stochastic Green's functions and mutual coherence functions. Transmitter and receiver characteristics are included and analytical formulation for eigenvalues and channel capacities are given in terms of the medium scattering characteristics, optical depth, frequency, number of transmitter and receiver elements, transmitting power, and noise spectral power. As an example, we show 500 m link at 60 GHz through rain. The eigenvalues and the channel capacity are calculated in terms of SNR and the rain rate representing the optical depth. It is shown that as the rain rate increases, the correlation of waves at antennas decreases and the capacity increases. However, at high rain rate, the capacity tends to decrease due to the absorption and scattering.
A Comparison of Insecticide Susceptibility in Seven Nonresistant Strains of the German Cockroach, Blattella Germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)1 (1986)

Seven nonresistant (“normal“) strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, were evaluated to determine their relative susceptibilities to chlordane, malathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur. LT50 values reported were similar for all tested strains, with no strain showing resistance to any tested chemical. The reported values should be used to cross-tabulate resistances reported from laboratories where different “normal”strains of German cockroach are used.
Constrained Convolutional-Recurrent Networks to Improve Speech Quality with Low Impact on Recognition Accuracy (2018)

For a speech-enhancement algorithm, it is highly desirable to simultaneously improve perceptual quality and recognition rate. Thanks to computational costs and model complexities, it is challenging to train a model that effectively optimizes both metrics at the same time. In this paper, we propose a method for speech enhancement that combines local and global contextual structures information through convolutional-recurrent neural networks that improves perceptual quality. At the same time, we introduce a new constraint on the objective function using a language model/decoder that limits the impact on recognition rate. Based on experiments conducted with real user data, we demonstrate that our new context-augmented machine-learning approach for speech enhancement improves PESQ and WER by an additional 24.5% and 51.3%, respectively, when compared to the best-performing methods in the literature.
Electronic Devices Based on Oxide Thin Films Fabricated by Fiber-to-Film Process (2018)

Technical development for thin-film fabrication is essential for emerging metal-oxide (MO) electronics. Although impressive progress has been achieved in fabricating MO thin films, the challenges still remain. Here, we report a versatile and general thermal-induced nanomelting technique for fabricating MO thin films from the fiber networks, briefly called fiber-to-film (FTF) process. The high quality of the FTF-processed MO thin films was confirmed by various investigations. The FTF process is generally applicable to numerous technologically relevant MO thin films, including semiconducting thin films (e.g., In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, InZnO, and InZrZnO), conducting thin films (e.g., InSnO), and insulating thin films (e.g., AlO <sub>x</sub>). By optimizing the fabrication process, In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/AlO <sub>x</sub> thin-film transistors (TFTs) were successfully integrated by fully FTF processes. High-performance TFT was achieved with an average mobility of ∼25 cm<sup>2</sup>/(Vs), an on/off current ratio of ∼10<sup>7</sup>, a threshold voltage of ∼1 V, and a device yield of 100%. As a proof of concept, one-transistor-driven pixel circuit was constructed, which exhibited high controllability over the light-emitting diodes. Logic gates based on fully FTF-processed In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/AlO <sub>x</sub> TFTs were further realized, which exhibited good dynamic logic responses and voltage amplification by a factor of ∼4. The FTF technique presented here offers great potential in large-area and low-cost manufacturing for flexible oxide electronics.