gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteoglycan-Rich Leaflet Thickening in Diet-Induced Early Aortic Valve Disease (2012)

Abstract Aortic valve disease (AVD) is a cell-mediated pathology without effective pharmacotherapy, and the early pathogenesis of AVD is drastically understudied. Examining the early stages of disease development may identify biomarkers and novel treatment strategies for use before an untreatable burden of calcification develops. We investigated the effects of a mildly atherogenic diet on early AVD development in mice, and the involvement of proteoglycans (PG) and Sox9 in this process. Male wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6J mice were fed a control diet or BioServ F3282, a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HF/HC) with 58.7% kcal from fat (cholesterol &lt;0.1% w/w) for four months (n = 4-6 per group). Aortic valve function was examined by high-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Longitudinal aortic valve sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded hearts were stained by Movat’s pentachrome (morphological changes and ECM composition) and Osteosense 680 (calcification), then immunostained for α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and Sox9. Mice on the HF/HC diet for four months became significantly obese (46.7 ± 4.7 vs. 32.3 ± 0.8 g, p &lt; 0.05) but did not develop cardiac hypertrophy. They developed mild but statistically significant hypercholesterolemia (4.7 ± 1.0 vs. 3.1 ± 0.4 mmol/L total cholesterol, p &lt; 0.05). UBM revealed moderate decreases in aortic valve opening area along with increased left ventricular ejection time in HF/HC mice, while no mice exhibited aortic regurgitation. Significant valve thickening was found in the distal third of HF/HC leaflets (84.4 ± 10.4 vs. 37.3 ± 2.7 µm, p &lt; 0.05), while proximal and medial regions were unaltered. Valve thickening was primarily due to PG deposition in HF/HC leaflets (11435 ± 7681 vs. 5448 ± 2948 µm2, p &lt; 0.01), not an increase in collagen content (1729 ± 815 vs. 1771 ± 663 µm2, p = 0.87). Sox9 expression was increased in thickened HF/HC leaflets, and was most highly expressed in PG-rich lesions. HF/HC leaflets did not stain positive for αSMA, implying that changes in leaflet structure and function were not the result of actively synthetic myofibroblasts. Osteosense 680 staining was negative, denoting that the HF/HC diet did not induce leaflet microcalcification. These studies reveal that a high-fat Western diet lacking cholesterol can induce changes in the ECM and functional properties of a WT mouse aortic valve. This early AVD is characterized by thickened leaflets with lesions that are PG-rich and have increased Sox9 expression. Although AVD is considered to be driven by pathological myofibroblast differentiation leading to fibrosis and calcification, the early changes observed herein occur independently of myofibroblast activation, and provide new insight into the initiation and pathogenesis of AVD.
Molecular Investigation of Crude Oil Sludge from an Electric Dehydrator (2011)

Detailed characterization of oil sludge obtained from an electric dehydrator was performed using various analytical techniques and compared with that of its parent crude oil. The findings showed that the oil sludge was a stable emulsion consisting of oil, water, solids, and polyethers, which are chemical additives commonly used in the oilfield and refinery operations. Spectral peaks derived from positive-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) were assigned to sodium adducts [M + Na]+ for four types of polyethers that are nonionic surfactants. The Na1Ox class species found in the sludge at the bottom section of an electric dehydrator were likely due to their low solubility in oil as the number of oxygen atoms in these compounds increased. Polyethers were likely involved in the formation of oil sludge in the electric dehydrator. Sodium adducts, such as [M – 2H + Na]−, [M – 3H + 2Na]−, and [M – 4H + 3Na]−, of both C80 and C60+ ARN acids found in the fractions derived from acidified toluene extraction of oil sludge solids ionized by negative-ion ESI were also identified that confirm the assignment of ARN acids.
Unscented compressed sensing (2012)

In this paper we present a novel compressed sensing (CS) algorithm for the recovery of compressible, possibly time-varying, signal from a sequence of noisy observations. The newly derived scheme is based on the acclaimed unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and is essentially self reliant in the sense that no peripheral optimization or CS algorithm is required for identifying the underlying signal support. Relying exclusively on the UKF formulation, our method facilitates sequential processing of measurements by employing the familiar Kalman filter predictor corrector form. As distinct from other CS methods, and by virtue of its pseudo-measurement mechanism, the CS-UKF, as we termed it, is non iterative, thereby maintaining a computational overhead which is nearly equal to that of the conventional UKF.
High throughput defect detection with multiple parallel electron beams (2007)

A new concept for high throughput defect detection with multiple parallel electron beams is described. As many as 30 000 beams can be placed on a footprint of a in.2, each beam having its own microcolumn and detection system without cross-talk. Based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors requirements, some high level properties of the implementation of this concept were derived. A projection lens was designed that can both focus the primary beam into a small spot and simultaneously collect 75% of the secondary electrons. Conceptual design studies were performed for three crucial components of the detector chain: the scintillator, the light optics, and the detection array. The throughput of this concept is expected to be at least a factor of 300 higher than standard electron beam based defect detection systems.
MRS2179: a novel inhibitor of platelet function (2015)

Background Antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors, are essential in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease [1]. Despite effective treatment with these drugs, many patients still suffer ischemic events. This suggests the need for additional antiplatelet therapy. The P2Y1 receptor is a seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptor responsible for platelet shape change and reversible aggregation [2]. Animal studies have shown that antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor, such as MRS2179, inhibit platelet aggregation [3]. The effect of P2Y1 inhibition in man is not yet clear. To address this we characterised platelet function in human blood using a novel shearmediated dynamic assay.
&lt;title&gt;Performance of optical fiber sensors embedded in polymer matrix composites for 15 years&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

The objective of this paper is to describe the performance of optical fiber sensors that have been embedded within polymer matrix composites (PMCs) for more than 15 years. This paper was included in a session concerning the history of sensors for smart materials and structures, and was intended as an overview of early work in this area. Our group at Virginia Tech has been involved in the use of embedded fiber sensors since 1978 when R. Claus, then at the NASA Langley Research Center, helped embed sensors in PMCs to monitor cure and post-cure strain and temperature. Our oldest surviving cross-ply laminate composite specimen with embedded fiber sensors dates from 1982, and was fabricated on campus using a hot platen press. We have recently physically examined this specimen to study possible degradation of the material in the vicinity of the embedded fiber elements, and interrogated the embedded sensors using intensity, modal, interferometric and time-of-flight measurement systems. The basic conclusions of this work thus far are 1) the sensor fibers are still functional, 2) the sensor leads have not been sheared off the specimen after 15 years of use, 3) the composite specimen has not delaminated or otherwise showed signs of degradation, and 4) problems concerning the motion of sensor elements within curing systems, the interconnect problem, and cross-sensitivities that were difficulties in the early 1980s remain key issues today.
Phase Behavior of Aqueous Solutions of Copolymers of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Diisopropylfumaramide and <i>N</i>-Isopropylacrylamide: Effect of the Density of Side Chains (2012)

This letter describes the phase behavior of aqueous solutions of an N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) homopolymer and copolymers of N,N'-diisopropylfumaramide (DIPFAM) and NIPAM as studied by transmittance measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry to reveal the effect of the density of N-isopropylamide side chain upon the phase behavior. The clouding-point and clearing-point temperatures decreased with increasing the mole fraction of DIPFAM (x(D)). It was noteworthy that only an extra side chain per ca. 7 NIPAM units had a remarkable effect on the phase behavior; the interactions between side chains were stronger, the intrapolymer contraction was less favorable, and the cooperativity of phase transition was lower at x(D) = 0.15 presumably because of the steric hindrance of dense side chains.
In vitro synthesis of adenovirus type 5 T antigens. I. Translation of early region 1-specific rna from lytically infected cells (1981)

Translation of early RNA specific for the leftmost early region 1 of adenovirus type 5 DNA in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system resulted in the synthesis of proteins with the following molecular weights: 65,000 (65K), 54K, 42 to 34K, 29K, 25K, 19K, and 18K. All of these proteins could be immunoprecipitated with hamster antitumor serum. The 42 to 34K proteins mapped in early region 1a, and those with molecular weights of 65K, 19K, and 18K mapped in early region 1b. The gene coding for the 54K protein may be localized outside of early region 1. We could not map unambiguously the 29K and 25K proteins. The identification of a 65K protein among products synthesized in vitro suggests that this protein may be identical to the 65K major T antigen present in adenovirus type 5-infected and -transformed cells, and this indicates that it is indeed encoded by the viral genome. This protein is encoded by a 23S mRNA. The other early region 1-specific proteins appear to be encoded by mRNA of approximately 13S, except for the 19K protein, which is synthesized with RNA sedimenting at both 13S and 23S.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation Reactions Mediated by Tantalum Carboxylates. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Na<sub>2+x</sub>Hg<sub>y</sub>C<sub>60</sub>: Post‐Transition Metal Intercalation Chemistry of a C<sub>60</sub> Host. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapid diagnosis of smear negative tuberculosis by bronchoalveolar-lavage enzyme-linked immunospot: an update (2007)

Aims: In patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB) with negative acid-fast-bacilli (AFB)-smear results for sputum and bronchial secretions the clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis is often delayed. In an exploratory study (Jafari et al. AJRCCM 2006) with 37 patients we found that ELISPOT performed on mononuclear cells from the bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) allows a rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in these cases. We here present a follow up of 72 prospectively recruited cases with a presumptive diagnosis of smear-negative pTB.
Evaluation of potential antiplatelet effects of CSL112 (Apolipoprotein A-I [Human]) in patients with atherosclerosis: results from a phase 2a study (2018)

CSL112 (Apolipoprotein A-I [Human]), an infusible, plasma-derived apolipoprotein A-I, is being developed to reduce cardiovascular events following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A predecessor compound (CSL111) demonstrated a potential antiplatelet effect. A phase 2a multicentre, randomised, single-ascending dose study in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) assessed the potential additive effects of CSL112 administration on platelet function and increase bleeding risk in the subacute period after AMI. Patients (n = 44) on aspirin (75-325 mg/day) and either clopidogrel (75 mg/day, n = 37) or prasugrel (10 mg/day, n = 7) for > 30 days alongside standard-of-care therapy were randomised to a single dose of placebo or CSL112: 1.7, 3.4, or 6.8 g. Light transmission aggregometry was used to assess platelet aggregation in response to 2 mM arachidonic acid, 5 and 20 µM adenosine diphosphate, and 4 µg/mL collagen, pre-dose (baseline) and up to 48 h post-dosing. Compared to placebo, CSL112 had no clinically meaningful time- or dose-dependent effects on maximum platelet aggregation in response to any agonist, by either dose or renal function subgroup (p > 0.05). Coagulation parameters showed little variation over time or between treatment groups (p > 0.05). CSL112, when co-administered with standard DAPT, did not significantly influence platelet aggregation in response to agonists and is, therefore, not expected to significantly increase bleeding risk when administered with antiplatelet therapies.
Exploring the spatial patterns of visitor expenditure in cities using bank card transactions data (2021)

The importance of tourism expenditure is widely recognized, but the spatial patterns of visitor expenditure in cities is so far an unexplored subject. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial distribution of visitor spending using bank card transaction data. Spatial statistics tools are used to identify expenditure clustering patterns and hot spots, distinguishing between national and foreign visitors, and comparing their patterns with those of locals. Our analysis shows that visitor expenditure, and especially that of foreigners, is much more concentrated in the city centre and spatially clustered than local spending. OLS regressions and spatial regression models are used for explaining the spatial distribution of visitor expenditure. Predictors are extracted from old (Cadastre) and new (the social network Foursquare) data sources. Regressions results indicate that socio-symbolic variables have greater explanatory power than physical dimension variables, that expenditure falls sharply with the distance to the city centre, and that the amount of spending in each spatial unit is influenced by the expenditure in the neighbouring spatial units. The paper demonstrates the great potential of this data source to explore with a high level of detail the spatial patterns and drivers of visitor spending within urban destinations.
Targeted isolation of alkaloid from Cyclea Peltata and determination of structural formula of Tetrandrine alkaloid based on NMR studies (2010)

Alkaloids are group of chemical entity with proven medicinal properties. This work consolidates the procedure in isolation and structural determination of a bisbenzyl isoquinoline alkaloid from Cyclea peltata with related NMR values and data. Dried routes of Cyclea peltata was extracted using chromatographic techniques monitored using TLC and proton NMR studies. The pure compound isolated was subjected for proton NMR, carbon NMR, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY and COSY spectral experiments. Goal is to document the methods of isolation and NMR experiments involved in structural determination. The compound isolated were bisbenzyl isoquinoline alkaloid with head to head ether bond connection and identified as “Tetrandrine”. Eventhough tetrandrine is a known compound and is reported from many other plants, this time it is isolated and reported from Cyclea peltata (H.f & T). Keywords:- Cyclea peltata; bisbenzyl isoquinoline; NMR; HSQC
Combined normal donor and CLL: Single tube ZAP‐70 analysis (2011)

The modified one tube method combining the ND and patient sample provides highly reliable results that correlate with the IGHV mutational status. This method should be considered as part of the next step in standardization of the ZAP-70 assay in CLL.
Virus Entry by Endocytosis (2013)

ISSN:1687-8639
From bold idea to product-a case study (2005)

In state-of-the-art methodologies the critical timing properties of embedded software systems are accidental consequences of an implementation, rather than specified parts of the design. The Giotto project, lead by Thomas Henzinger at the University of California, Berkeley, delivered the formally sound concept of logical execution time (LET) as abstraction for explicitly specifying the timing behavior of embedded software. The presentation outlines the various hurdles along the way from the initial idea in 2000 until the shipment of products that incorporate model-based design relying on LET in 2005. For example, it was tempting to overcome certain limitations of the programming model at the price of loosing crucial embedded software properties such as determinism.
Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in patients with cirrhosis (1993)

The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin were investigated in 13 patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis and in 5 healthy controls. Rufloxacin was administered once a day for 5 consecutive days, starting with a loading dose of 400 mg on day 1 and 200 mg on the subsequent days. Plasma and urinary drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and a microbiological assay. A one-compartment model applied to the high-performance liquid chromatography data was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of rufloxacin. In the controls rufloxacin had a low plasma clearance (41 +/- 4 ml/min, mean +/- S.E.M.), a long half-life (30.1 +/- 3.9 hr), a large area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve (171 +/- 18 micrograms.hr/ml) and a low renal clearance (18 +/- 2 ml/min). No appreciable differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters between patients with various degrees of liver-function impairment (modified Child-Pugh score ranging from 5 to 13). In these patients plasma clearance was slightly reduced (-32%), but this decrease was caused by a marked reduction in renal clearance (-65%) rather than nonrenal clearance, which remained unchanged (22 ml/min in cirrhotic patients vs. 23 ml/min in controls). A significant (p < 0.01) correlation was found between creatinine clearance and both rufloxacin renal clearance (r = 0.769) and rufloxacin plasma clearance (r = 0.681). The elimination half-life and the area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve were moderately increased in cirrhotic patients (+33% and +26%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High Order Finite Differencing Schemes and Their Accuracy for CFD (2009)

This paper investigates difierent high order flnite difierence schemes and their accuracy for Burgers equation and Navier-Stokes equations. On a coarse grid, theoretical and numerical analysis indicate that a higher order difierence scheme does not necessarily obtain more accurate solutions than a lower order scheme in the regions of high gradient variation (2nd order derivative). On a coarse grid, the numerical experiments indicate that the 3rd order biased upwind difierencing for the inviscid ∞uxes with 2nd order central difierencing for viscous term outperforms all other schemes with the accuracy order as high as 7th order. For the linear Burgers equation, both the analytical and numerical results indicate that a higher order scheme will be more accurate than a lower order scheme only when Re¢x • 1. For the nonlinear Burgers equation, the numerical experiments also show the same conclusion. A numerical solution of laminar wall boundary layer from Navier-Stokes equations shows the same observation that a lower order scheme is more accurate on a coarse grid. The conception that a high order scheme can reduce mesh size unconditionally may be incorrect. Since the discrepancy occurs mostly in the region with high gradient variation, the reflned mesh should not only be near the wall surface where the gradient is high, but also near the edge of the boundary layer where the gradient variation is high. The mesh spacing criterion for Navier-Stokes equation that a higher order scheme will be more accurate than a lower order scheme is not obtained yet. Using the criterion of the linear Burgers equation for Navier-Stokes equations may be excessive and preventively expensive. To resolve a laminar wall boundary layer accurately, the recommended grid Reynolds number is to be below 25 across the boundary layer. However, this is the criterion from the numerical experiments for all the flnite difierencing schemes, not for the higher order schemes to have better accuracy.
A Stereospecific Synthesis of Pyrimidine β-D-2′-Deoxyribonucleosides (1992)

Abstract A stereospecific route for the synthesis of pyrimidine 2′-β-D-deoxyribonucleosides has been developed using suitably modified methyl 2-deoxy-D-ribofuranosides. The stereochemistry of the nucleoside bond is dictated by the chirality at C-4 of the pentofuranose. A novel palladium hydroxide catalyzed alcholysis of a nucleoside bond has been discovered. Preliminary studies of the mechanism and limitations of this reaction are described.
Supplementary Table 2 from Tid1-L Inhibits EGFR Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Enhancing EGFR Ubiquitinylation and Degradation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 68K, Primers used to amplify Tid1-L/S and EGFR.&lt;/p&gt;
Accuracies of Chemical Shift In/Opposed Phase and Chemical Shift Encoded Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Intratumoral Fat in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2021)

3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
Dynamic behavior of high-speed silicon nitride deformable mirrors (2004)

This paper presents experimental data illustrating the dynamic behavior of micromachined deformable mirrors operated as cyclical focus control elements. The mirrors used for this study are circular silicon nitride membranes 1 mm in diameter with a fundamental resonance at 144 kHz and a quality factor in air of 0.86. Electrostatic actuation of the mirrors is provided by two concentric electrodes to control focus and spherical aberration. Mirror displacement has been characterized in terms of frequency response and dynamic surface figure. Surface shape was examined for variation with frequency over a range from 1 kHz to 180 kHz for small mirror deflection. Intra-cycle variation of both quartic and quadratic surface curvature terms was also measured at 60 kHz. Surface figure data are presented showing less than &lambda;/10 spherical aberration for a mirror operating at 10 kHz with a focal length varying cyclically from &infin; to 32 mm.
A Tale of Two Kernels (2014)

Software security practitioners are often torn between choosing performance or security. In particular, OS kernels are sensitive to the smallest performance regressions. This makes it difficult to develop innovative kernel hardening mechanisms: they may inevitably incur some run-time performance overhead. Here, we propose building each kernel function with and without hardening, within a single split kernel. In particular, this allows trusted processes to be run under unmodified kernel code, while system calls of untrusted processes are directed to the hardened kernel code. We show such trusted processes run with no overhead when compared to an unmodified kernel. This allows deferring the decision of making use of hardening to the run-time. This means kernel distributors, system administrators and users can selectively enable hardening according to their needs: we give examples of such cases. Although this approach cannot be directly applied to arbitrary kernel hardening mechanisms, we show cases where it can. Finally, our implementation in the Linux kernel requires few changes to the kernel sources and no application source changes. Thus, it is both maintainable and easy to use.