gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recursive functions in Iris (2002)

A complete and efficient implementation of linear, one-side recursive queries in Iris, an object-oriented database management system, is described. It is shown that recursion can be easily and efficiently added to a large class of existing database management systems. A B-tree type access path called the B++ tree that has been implemented to support the computation of recursive functions in Iris is also described. The perforamnce of B++ trees is reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Novel Photovoltaic Power System Which Uses a Large Area Concentrator Mirror (1987)

A preliminary analysis has been made of a novel photovoltaic power system concept. The system is composed of a small area, dense photovoltaic array, a large area solar concentrator, and a battery system for energy storage. The feasibility of such a system is assessed for space power applications. The orbital efficiency, specific power, mass, and area of the system are calculated under various conditions and compared with those for the organic Rankine cycle solar dynamic system proposed for Space Station. Near term and advanced large area concentrator photovoltaic systems not only compare favorably to solar dynamic systems in terms of performance but offer other benefits as well.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPLANTABLE ARTIFICIAL ANAL SPHINCTER BY THE USE OF THE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY (2000)

After the surgery after the rectal cancer, almost patients must have the stoma. It was not so desirable for some patients and loss of quality of life (QOL). In order to improve the situation, we developed an implantable artificial anal sphincter by the use of the shape memory alloy (SMA). By the use of the SMA, we can control an Evacuation. By the use of an animal experiments with the adult goats weighing 60–70 kg, which was the average weigh of the Japanese, an artificial anal sphincter with SMA was evaluated. Average internal pressure of the rectum and colon were thought to be almost 50 mmHg or so, which was evaluated in the clinical measurement. So, artificial feces with 50 mmHg pressure was tested in the animal experiment. As the results, satisfactory basic performance was recognized in the experiments. We have been developing the transcutaneous energy transmission system (TETS) for an implantable artificial heart. If we combined an implantable artificial sphincter and TETS, totally implantable artificial anal sphincter will be embodied. This system is now under developing. Following evaluation aiming at clinical application may be continued in future.
Adenovirus‐mediated inhibition of SPARC attenuates liver fibrosis in rats (2008)

This is the first study to demonstrate that knockdown of hepatic SPARC expression ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats with chronic liver injury. SPARC is a potential target for gene therapy in liver fibrosis.
Molecular characterization of the human peroxisomal branchedchain acyl-CoA oxidase: cDNA cloning, chromosomal assignment, tissue distribution, and evidence for the absence of the protein in Zellweger syndrome (1996)

Peroxisomes in human liver contain two distinct acyl-CoA oxidases with different substrate specificities: (i) palmitoyl-CoA oxidase, oxidizing very long straight-chain fatty acids and eicosanoids, and (ii) a branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase (hBRCACox), involved in the degradation of long branched fatty acids and bile acid intermediates. The accumulation of branched fatty acids and bile acid intermediates leads to severe mental retardation and death of the diseased children. In this study, we report the molecular characterization of the hBRCACox, a prerequisite for studying mutations in patients with a single enzyme deficiency. The composite cDNA sequence of hBRCACox, derived from overlapping clones isolated via immunoscreening and hybridization of human liver cDNA expression libraries, consisted of 2225 bases and contained an open reading frame of 2046 bases, encoding a protein of 681 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 76,739 Da. The C-terminal tripeptide of the protein is SKL, a known peroxisome targeting signal. Sequence comparison with the other acyl-CoA oxidases and evolutionary analysis revealed that, despite its broader substrate specificity, the hBRCACox is the human homolog of rat trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA oxidase (rTHCCox) and that separate gene duplication events led to the occurrence in mammals of acyl-CoA oxidases with different substrate specificities. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that--in contrast to the rTHCCox gene--the hBRCACox gene is transcribed also in extrahepatic tissues such as heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. The highest levels of the 2.6-kb mRNA were found in heart, followed by liver. The enzyme is encoded by a single-copy gene, which was assigned to chromosome 3p14.3 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. It was absent from livers of Zellweger patients as shown by immunoblot analysis and immunocytochemistry.
Propagation Losses of Slotted Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2012)

We have fabricated and characterized a set of slotted photonic crystal (SPhC) waveguides in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) with a length of up to 300 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex> </formula> and slot widths ranging between 115 and 145 nm. We observe an upper limit for the loss of 11 dB/cm.
The Effect of Hyaluronan on Elastic Fiber Injury <i>In Vitro</i> and Elastase‐Induced Airspace Enlargement <i>In Vivo</i> (2000)

Abstract. This laboratory has previously described a method of preventing air‐space enlargement in experimental pulmonary emphysema using aerosolized hyaluronan (HA). Although it was found that HA preferentially binds to elastic fibers (which undergo breakdown by elastases in emphysema), it remains to be shown that such attachment actually prevents damage to the fibers. In the current study, cell‐free radiolabeled extracellular matrices, derived from rat pleural mesothelial cells, were used to test the ability of low molecular weight (≈ 100 kDa) streptococcal HA to prevent elastolysis. Coating the matrices with HA significantly decreased elastolysis ( P &lt;0.05) induced by porcine pancreatic elastase (43%), human neutrophil elastase (53%), and human macrophage metalloelastase (80%). Concomitant in vivo studies examined the ability of an aerosol preparation of the streptococcal HA to prevent experimental emphysema induced by intratracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase. As seen with earlier studies involving bovine tracheal HA, a single aerosol exposure significantly decreased elastase‐induced airspace enlargement, as measured by the mean linear intercept (107.5 vs 89.6 μm; P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, repeated exposure to the HA aerosol for 1 month did not reveal any morphological changes in the lung. The results provide further evidence that aerosolized HA may be an effective means of preventing pulmonary emphysema and perhaps other lung diseases that involve elastic fiber injury.
One-step direct oxidation of fullerene-fused alkoxy ethers to ketones for evaporable fullerene derivatives (2021)

Ketones are widely applied moieties in designing functional materials and are commonly obtained by oxidation of alcohols. However, when alcohols are protected/functionalized, the direct oxidation strategies are substantially curbed. Here we show a highly efficient copper bromide promoted one-step direct oxidation of benzylic ethers to ketones with the aid of a fullerene pendant. Mechanistic studies unveil that fullerene can serve as an electron pool proceeding the one-step oxidation of alkoxy group to ketone. In the absence of the fullerene pendant, the unreachable activation energy threshold hampers the direct oxidation of the alkoxy group. In the presence of the fullerene pendant, generated fullerene radical cation can activate the neighbour C-H bond of the alkoxy moiety, allowing a favourable energy barrier for initiating the direct oxidation. The produced fullerene-fused ketone possesses high thermal stability, affording the pin-hole free and amorphous electron-transport layer with a high electron-transport mobility.
Effects of thia-substituted fatty acids on mitochondrial and peroxisomal <i>β</i>-oxidation. Studies <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (1990)

1. The effects of 3-, 4- and 5-thia-substituted fatty acids on mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation have been investigated. When the sulphur atom is in the 4-position, the resulting thia-substituted fatty acid becomes a powerful inhibitor of beta-oxidation. 2. This inhibition cannot be explained in terms of simple competitive inhibition, a phenomenon which characterizes the inhibitory effects of 3- and 5-thia-substituted fatty acids. The inhibitory sites for 4-thia-substituted fatty acids are most likely to be the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in mitochondria and the acyl-CoA oxidase in peroxisomes. 3. The inhibitory effect of 4-thia-substituted fatty acids is expressed both in vitro and in vivo. The effect in vitro is instantaneous, with up to 95% inhibition of palmitoylcarnitine oxidation. The effect in vivo, in contrast, is dose-dependent and increases with duration of treatment. 4. Pretreatment of rats with a 3-thia-substituted fatty acid rendered mitochondrial beta-oxidation less sensitive to inhibition by 4-thia-substituted fatty acids.
The distribution of perforations in a radially thinning liquid sheet (1992)

The investigation of sprays is focused on the formation and breakup of sheets formed by splash plate nozzles. An expression for predicting the thickness of a sheet spreading on a plate was obtained by modifying equations available in the literature. High-speed video images of splash plate sheets were collected at a series of downstream locations. The perforations observed were counted, and the data were used to determine the radial distribution of perforations as a function of the nozzle orifice diameter and the jet velocity. For each combination of orifice diameter and jet velocity, there was a critical distance downstream at which rapid perforation occured. The predicted thickness at the plate edge was then used as a basis for estimating the thickness of the free sheet, downstream from the plate edge
A Multichannel Kalman-Based Wiener Filter Approach for Speaker Interference Reduction in Meetings (2020)

Recording a meeting and obtaining clean speech signals of each speaker is a challenging task. Even with a multichannel recording, in which all speakers are equipped with a close-talk microphone, speech of an active speaker still couples not only into his dedicated microphone, but also into all other microphone channels at a certain level. This is denoted as crosstalk and requires a multichannel speaker interference reduction to enhance the microphone channels for further processing. To solve this issue, we use a Wiener filter which is based on all individual microphone channels. We extend an existing approach by integrating methods from acoustic echo cancellation to improve the estimation of the interferer (noise) components of the filter, which leads to an improved signal-to-interferer ratio by up to 2.1 dB absolute at constant speech component quality.
Designing a Standardized Laparoscopy Curriculum for Gynecology Residents: A Delphi Approach (2015)

This study used Delphi consensus to develop a comprehensive curriculum for teaching gynecologic laparoscopy. The curriculum conforms to current educational standards of proficiency-based training, and is suggested as a standard in residency programs.
Efficiency of risk-based<b><i>vs</i></b>. random sampling for the monitoring of tetracycline residues in slaughtered calves in Switzerland (2008)

In all European Union countries, chemical residues are required to be routinely monitored in meat. Good farming and veterinary practice can prevent the contamination of meat with pharmaceutical substances, resulting in a low detection of drug residues through random sampling. An alternative approach is to target-monitor farms suspected of treating their animals with antimicrobials. The objective of this project was to assess, using a stochastic model, the efficiency of these two sampling strategies. The model integrated data on Swiss livestock as well as expert opinion and results from studies conducted in Switzerland. Risk-based sampling showed an increase in detection efficiency of up to 100% depending on the prevalence of contaminated herds. Sensitivity analysis of this model showed the importance of the accuracy of prior assumptions for conducting risk-based sampling. The resources gained by changing from random to risk-based sampling should be transferred to improving the quality of prior information.
Mobile web surfing is the same as web surfing (2006)

Even in the new context, users surf in the usual way.
Exact BER Analysis of NOMA With Arbitrary Number of Users and Modulation Orders (2021)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising candidate for future mobile networks as it enables improved spectral-efficiency, massive connectivity and low latency. This paper derives exact and asymptotic bit error rate (BER) expressions under Rayleigh fading channels for NOMA systems with arbitrary number of users and arbitrary number of receiving antennas and modulation orders, including binary phase-shift keying and rectangular/square quadrature amplitude modulation. Furthermore, the power coefficients' bounds, which ensure users' fairness, and solve the constellation ambiguity problem, are derived for N=2 and 3 users cases with any modulation orders. In addition, this paper determines the optimal power assignment that minimizes the system's average BER. These results provide valuable insight into the system's BER performance and power assignment granularity. For instance, it is shown that the feasible power coefficients range becomes significantly small as the modulation order, or N, increases, where the BER performance degrades due to the increased inter-user interference. Hence, the derived expressions can be crucial for the system scheduler in allowing it to make accurate decisions of selecting appropriate N, modulation orders, and power coefficients to satisfy the users' requirements. The presented expressions are corroborated via Monte Carlo simulations.
A parallel block iterative method for the hydrodynamic device model (1991)

Block iterative methods are applied to hydrodynamic simulations of a one-dimensional submicrometer semiconductor device. It is shown that block successive underrelaxation (SUR) converges with a fixed relaxation factor omega =0.13 for simulations at 300 K and omega =0.04 at 77 K. To demonstrate the robustness of the block iterative method, numerical simulations of a steady-state electron shock wave in Si at 300 K for a 0.1- mu m channel and at 77 K for a 1.0- mu m channel are presented. The block SUR method is parallelizable if each diagonal block solve can be done efficiently in parallel. Using chaotic relaxation and the preconditioned conjugate gradient method for the parallel diagonal block solves, a parallel speed up of approximately 2.5 is obtained on 10 processors of a Butterfly GP-1000.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Exposure of space material insulators to energetic ions (1995)

To understand degradation of materials due to ion bombardment in a space plasma environment, polymers of polyimide, polyetheretherketone and perfluoroalkoxy, and glasses coated with MgF2 were exposed to ion beams of oxygen and nitrogen with energy levels ranging from 600 eV to 5 keV. For the polymers, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis showed that the addition reaction of oxygen or nitrogen atoms or the disruption or separation of various structural compounds occurred depending on ion energy and dose. For the glass plate, the coating layer of MgF2 was drastically sputtered.
Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste:A Critical Analysis (2014)

The undisposed and untreated amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated by different sources is a concern of the world today. There are millions of tonnes of solid waste being produced every year and amount of MSW is increasing day by day. Co-digestion of waste with other substrate mechanism may be used to decompose the maximum biomass waste generated from different source. The MSW has to be safely disposed without any negative impact to the environment. On the other hand, the generation of energy from renewable sources of energy due to depleting natural non renewable sources of energy has been becoming world’s main interest. The MSW can be one of the energy sector dreamt by the world today by use of co-digestion process. Also, the energy produced by non renewable sources of energy contributes to environmental problems such as water, land and air pollution or even global climate change. Anaerobic co-digestion as a pre-treatment prior to landfill disposal or composting offers several advantages, such as minimization of masses and volume, inactivation of biological and biochemical processes in order to avoid landfill-gas and odour emissions, reduction of landfill settlements and energy production in the form of methane. Furthermore, codigestion of biowaste with other substrate can be considered as an alternative option to improve the environment condition caused by organic solid waste and at the same time taking an advantage as an environmentally-friendly resource of energy. In this paper a critical analysis of some research papers in the field of anaerobic co-digestion process is done
Mycobacterium Cytidylate Kinase Appears to Be an Undruggable Target (2016)

New and improved drugs against tuberculosis are urgently needed as multi-drug-resistant forms of the disease become more prevalent. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytidylate kinase is an attractive target for screening due to its essentiality and different substrate specificity to the human orthologue. However, we selected the Mycobacterium smegmatis cytidylate kinase for screening because of the availability of high-resolution X-ray crystallographic data defining its structure and the high likelihood of active site structural similarity to the M. tuberculosis orthologue. We report the development and implementation of a high-throughput luciferase-based activity assay and screening of 19,920 compounds derived from small-molecule libraries and an in silico screen predicting likely inhibitors of the cytidylate kinase enzyme. Hit validation included a counterscreen for luciferase inhibitors that would result in false positives in the initial screen. Results of this counterscreen ruled out all of the putative cytidylate kinase inhibitors identified in the initial screening, leaving no compounds as candidates for drug development. Although a negative result, this study indicates that this important drug target may in fact be undruggable and serve as a warning for future investigations.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Dnacin A1 and B1: New Naphthyridinomycin‐Type Antitumor Antibiotics. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Overcoming the RESET Limitation in Tantalum Oxide-Based ReRAM Using an Oxygen-Blocking Layer (2017)

The ROFF to RON resistance ratio in metal-oxide based ReRAM is typically limited to 10-100 in average, which, due to the variability of the resistance states, results in overlapping distributions and read errors for larger memory arrays. The main issue is the maximum ROFF that can be obtained during the RESET process. In this work we identified a concomitant "eightwise" switching process that operates in parallel with the regular "counter-eightwise" VCM bipolar switching process in Ta2O5 ReRAM and that limits the maximum ROFF resistance. This coexisting switching process is associated with an oxygen exchange at the electronically active Pt/Ta2O5 interface, and can be suppressed by use of a thin carbon layer at the interface, as shown by the deep RESET characteristics of a novel TiN/Ta2O5/C/Pt ReRAM cell.
Autoimmunity as a Result of Escape from RNA Surveillance (2006)

In previous studies, we detected a frame shift mutation in the gene encoding the autoantigen La of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. The mutant La mRNA contains a premature termination codon. mRNAs that prematurely terminate translation should be eliminated by RNA quality control mechanisms. As we find Abs specific for the mutant La form in approximately 30% of sera from anti-La-positive patients, we expected that mutant La mRNAs circumvent RNA control and the expression of mutant La protein could become harmful. Indeed, real-time PCR, immunostaining, and immunoblotting data of mice transgenic for the mutant La form show that mutant La mRNAs are not repressed in these animals and are translated to mutant La protein. In addition to the mutant La protein, we detected a minor portion of native human La in the mutant La-transgenic mice. Therefore, ribosomal frame shifting may allow the mutant La mRNA to escape from RNA control. Interestingly, expression of the mutant La mRNA results in a lupus-like disease in the experimental mice. Consequently, escape of mutant La mRNA from RNA control can have two effects: it 1) results in the expression of an immunogenic (neo)epitope, and 2) predisposes to autoimmunity.
Muscle glycerol kinase in Duchenne dystrophy and glycerol kinase deficiency (1989)

The complex glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) syndrome is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder. The syndrome often includes a myopathy that is similar histologically to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The glycerol kinase (GK) locus is in the Xp21 region in the midportion of the short arm of the X chromosome and is in close proximity to the DMD locus. We have investigated GK activity and subcellular distribution of muscle GK in DMD patients and in a patient with the complex GKD syndrome presenting with myopathy. We found no abnormality of muscle GK specific activity or subcellular distribution in DMD. In the patient with the complex GKD syndrome the specific activity and kinetics of muscle GK were normal, but the subcellular distribution of muscle GK was altered. Liver GK had less than 10% of normal activity and showed markedly altered kinetics. These findings indicate that there is no abnormality of muscle GK activity in DMD muscle. Furthermore, the normal GK activity in an individual with the complex GKD syndrome suggests that muscle and liver GK are genetically distinct. These findings support the concept that the complex GKD syndrome results from small deletions that affect closely linked but separate loci for DMD, GK and adrenal hypoplasia.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Centered Optically Active Organosilanes. A Rational Approach to an Efficient Silylated Chiral Auxiliary. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nuclear Transcripts of Mouse Heavy Chain Immunoglobulin Genes Contain Only the Expressed Class of C-Region Sequences (1979)

In plasmacytoma cells producing IgG, IgA, or IgM immunoglobulin heavy chains, the large precursors of the heavy chain messenger RNA's contain nucleotide sequences that specify only the expressed class of constant region. This indicates that the switch from one class of heavy chain to another during B cell ontogeny does not occur by altered processing of a complex gene transcript.