gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potato tuber expression of Arabidopsis <i>WRINKLED1</i> increase triacylglycerol and membrane lipids while affecting central carbohydrate metabolism (2016)

Tuber and root crops virtually exclusively accumulate storage products in the form of carbohydrates. An exception is yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in which tubers have the capacity to store starch and triacylglycerols (TAG) in roughly equal amounts. This suggests that a tuber crop can efficiently handle accumulation of energy dense oil. From a nutritional as well as economic aspect, it would be of interest to utilize the high yield capacity of tuber or root crops for oil accumulation similar to yellow nutsedge. The transcription factor WRINKLED1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, which in seed embryos induce fatty acid synthesis, has been shown to be a major factor for oil accumulation. WRINKLED1 was expressed in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers to explore whether this factor could impact tuber metabolism. This study shows that a WRINKLED1 transcription factor could induce triacylglycerol accumulation in tubers of transformed potato plants grown in field (up to 12 nmol TAG/mg dry weight, 1% of dry weight) together with a large increase in polar membrane lipids. The changes in metabolism further affected starch accumulation and composition concomitant with massive increases in sugar content.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Palladium Precatalyst Allows for the Fast Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Unstable Polyfluorophenyl and 2‐Heteroaryl Boronic Acids. (2011)

Abstract Polyfluorophenylboronic acid and five‐membered heteroaromatic boronic acids are used as coupling partners for Suzuki—Miyaura reactions in the presence of a newly developed precatalyst.
Infrared and Molecular Dynamics Study of D<sub>2</sub>O Rotational Relaxation in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>and Xe (1996)

Supercritical fluid solvents allow continuous tuning of solvent density and therefore continuous control of the number and distance of solvent−solute interactions. Such interactions exert torque on molecules in solution and thereby influence the way in which the rotational orientation of a solute molecule varies with time. In this work, we examine the rotational relaxation of D2O in two supercritical fluid solvents: Xe and CO2. In the former case, there are no electrostatic interactions between the solute and solvent. Since the nonelectrostatic interactions of D2O are very nearly centrosymmetric about the center of mass, Xe is expected to exert little torque on the rotating solute until liquid densities are reached. For D2O dissolved in CO2, the dipole−quadrupole interaction can exert torque on the rotating D2O, thereby hindering its rotation. Molecular dynamics simulations of these systems were used to calculate dipole autocorrelation functions containing only contributions from the solute rotational motion. These were then used to predict the rotation wings of the asymmetric stretching band, ν3, of D2O. Infrared spectra for this band were obtained in both solvents at 110.0 °C as a function of density. In Xe, the experimental and simulated correlation functions indicated that the solute was free to rotate, even at the highest densities examined. In CO2, however, the rotation of D2O was increasingly hindered as the solvent density was increased from gaslike to liquidlike densities. At low densities the correlation functions had negative minima, indicating a partial reversal in the direction of the average transition dipole moment vector as the molecules freely rotated. In CO2, at high densities the functions exhibited simple, monotonic decay, indicating a persistence in the direction of the vector with time and substantially hindered rotation.
Functional Connectivity Measured with Magnetoencephalography Distinguishes Mild Cognitive Impairment from Normal Aging (S44.004) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional connectivity (FC) measures from magnetoencephalography (MEG) to distinguish individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal controls.
A smart beam steering RFID interrogator for passive tags in item level tagging applications (2008)

Item level tagging is a challenge for low cost and passive RFID tags since these are closely packed in the operating environment. Passive tags suffers from poor reading rates using existing RFID interrogators with limited capability on tags and interrogator. In this paper, we have proposed a low cost electronic beamsteering method which enable existing RFID interrogator to be “smarter” by reconfiguring its RF beam adaptively and yet maintain high angular resolution. Little changes to existing transceiver is required to minimize costs since only its external reference clock is enable by direct digital synthesizer (DDS) as a variable reference time delay. The new RFID transceiver system is designed at ISO standards at UHF bands. Experimental results show that it is able to read at least twice as many passive tags, as compared to the conventional beam-switching system.
16. PROSTATECTOMY FOR BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (1980)

Prostatectomy has evolved into a well-defined procedure which may be performed in many ways, according to the urologist's preference. It has been observed (Weyrauch 1959) that prostatic surgery provides the romance of Urology. All urologists have enjoyed the satisfaction of performing uncomplicated prostatectomies with excellent postoperative results. The unexpected complication or failure, however, continually reminds us of the need to search for even better techniques. The critical anatomical position of the prostate itself makes this operation challenging. Inaccessibility, relationship to continence and potency, rich blood supply, proximity of ureters and rectum, infection, and myriad of associated medical problems further compound the challenge. It is difficult to assess the number of men who may need this operation. One study (Lytton et al. 1968) showed that just under two percent of patients under 60 years of age required prostatectomy. The incidence gradually increased in patients up to the age of 70 of whom ten percent required treatment. Benign enlargement of the prostate undoubtedly had a similar incidence prior to our modern surgical era. The cause of bladder obstruction was not known until the middle of the 16th century when a Venetian physician, Niccolo Ulassa, recognized the prostate gland as the cause. The first efforts at relieving obstruction were by catheterization, followed by tunneling through the gland. Very little in the way of recognizable surgical procedures was done until the middle of the 18th century when surgical procedures were instituted for removal of bladder stones. Cystotomy was practiced for centuries prior to the development of the surgical procedure, prostatectomy. The major route to the bladder was perineal, and, on occasion, fragments of prostatic tissue were removed. In 1556, Pierre Franco first attempted a suprapubic cystotomy. In 1639, a perineal prostatectomy was performed by Couvillard. Throughout the remainder of the 18th and 19th century, a number of other surgeons reported performing perineal prostatectomy. In the 1800s, the operation matured through the efforts of many others including Ferguson (1848), Billroth (1867), Goodfellow (1891 ), Young (1903). The eight routes to the prostate originated with the following (Weyrauch 1959):
The impact of Big Data on making evidence-based decisions (2017)

This chapter gives an overview of core concepts related to Big Data in the context of decision making. It investigates the impact of Big Data on making decisions, first characterizes the general process of making decisions. There are typically four stages in the classical decision-making model. This is a rational prescriptive model, describing how people should make decisions, and not necessarily how people actually make decisions. The first step in deriving value from data is the ability to quickly find and extract data from multiple sources and integrate them. Data extraction is the process of acquiring raw data points from these diverse types of sources and relies on access to the data-storage systems. The second step in deriving value from Big Data is to effectively explore these large collections of data. Addressing issues of data integration, usability, visualization, and analytics, MATTERS exemplifies the way Big Data can inform important issues in an open and transparent way.
Anomalous tumbling of colloidal ellipsoids in Poiseuille flows (2023)

Shear flows cause aspherical colloidal particles to tumble so that their orientations trace out complex trajectories known as Jeffery orbits. The Jeffery orbit of a prolate ellipsoid is predicted to align the particle's principal axis preferentially in the plane transverse to the axis of shear. Holographic microscopy measurements reveal instead that colloidal ellipsoids' trajectories in Poiseuille flows strongly favor an orientation inclined by roughly $π/8$ relative to this plane. This anomalous observation is consistent with at least two previous reports of colloidal rods and dimers of colloidal spheres in Poiseuille flow and therefore appears to be a generic, yet unexplained feature of colloidal transport at low Reynolds numbers.
Suppression of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in rats by prostaglandin E1. (1982)

The ability of specific prostaglandins to modulate the development of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN) in rats has been examined. The nephrotoxicity of one intravenous injection of antibodies directed against rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was markedly suppressed by treatment with a stable analog of prostaglandin E1 (15-(S)-15-methyl PGE1; 15-M-PGE1). Prostaglandin E1 treatment was shown to suppress both glomerular hypercellularity and proteinuria, while the binding of specific antibody to the GBM was not altered. These studies indicate that certain prostaglandins may play an important role in the regulation of Type II immune reactions. Further investigations of the role of arachidonic acid products undoubtedly will provide valuable information regarding the modulation of tissue injury as a result of various inflammatory reactions.
On Spectral Properties of Signed Laplacians With Connections to Eventual Positivity (2020)

Signed graphs have appeared in a broad variety of applications, ranging from social networks to biological networks, from distributed control and computation to power systems. In this article, we investigate spectral properties of signed Laplacians for undirected signed graphs. We find conditions on the negative weights under which a signed Laplacian is positive semidefinite via the Kron reduction and multiport network theory. For signed Laplacians that are indefinite, we characterize their inertias with the same framework. Furthermore, we build connections between signed Laplacians, generalized M-matrices, and eventually exponentially positive matrices.
Noise in Microwave Transmission Applications of Gunn and IMPATT Diodes -- Theoretical Aspects of Gunn and IMPATT Diode Noise (2005)

A brief review of small-signal noise theories of Gunn and IMPATT diodes, and large-signal noise theories of IMPATT diodes is the purpose of this presentation. Some issues requiring further investigation will be pointed out.
High Performance Organic Semiconductors with High Field-Effect Mobilities and Low Contact Resistances for Flexible Displays (2011)

We have succeeded in developing high-performance p-type of organic semiconductors with phenylethynyl groups, which have high filed-effect mobilities (> 3cm2V-1s-1) by improving molecular planarity. A single crystal of the organic semiconductors has a herringbone structure. It plays an important role for carrier transport. In addition, we found that they had lower contact resistances to Au electrodes as well. Then, we used the materials for the carrier injection layer deposited onto another organic semiconductor we developed recently, which achieved a high field-effect mobility, and a low threshold voltage (Vth).
Selecting Concurrent Network Architectures at Runtime (2009)

The current Internet architecture nicely structures functionality into layers of protocols. While this reduces complexity, many tweaks have emerged because of the architecture's limited flexibility. Cross Layer Functionality corrodes the layer boundaries, intermediate layers had to be introduced for protocols like MPLS and IPsec, and middleboxes - like in case of NAT - further complicate the interaction of protocols. To overcome these problems, many publications have proposed modular solutions or protocol composition, allowing software engineering ideas to improve protocol design. Other publications state that instead of choosing a single common network architecture for the Future Internet, it might be advantageous to run multiple different architectures in parallel. We combine both approaches and make it possible to rapidly create and run different network architectures in parallel. While this allows for simplified Future Internet development, it requires the network architecture to be dynamically chosen. This paper not only presents a node architecture enabling the parallel operation of different network architectures but also introduces algorithms for their selection at runtime.
Detecting Gradual Structure Changes of Non-parametric Distributions via Kernel Complexity (2021)

This study is concerned with an algorithm to detect structural change with KC in nonparametric distributions. We propose an index of the quantification of structural information for nonparametric distributions with the aim of detecting their changes in time series data. In a parametric model such as a Gaussian mixture model, the number of clusters can represent the structural information. However, the notion of structural information for modeling data nonparametrically does not exist. Herein we introduce the novel notion of kernel complexity (KC) as structural information in a nonparametric setting. The key idea of KC is to combine the information bias by the Gini index with the quantity of information measured by the normalized maximum likelihood (NML) code length. We empirically show the similarities between KC and the number of clusters in a parametric model under certain conditions. Using synthetic and real datasets, we empirically demonstrate that our framework enables us to detect the structural changes underlying the data. We use the synthetic datasets to demonstrate the usefulness of our method with some characteristic data distribution. We then use real datasets to evaluate the validity of the detected results both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Optimal Conditions for Micromachining $\hbox{Si}_{1 - { \rm x}}\hbox{Ge}_{\rm x}$ at 210 $^{\circ}\hbox{C}$ (2007)

This paper investigates the possibility of reducing the deposition temperature of silicon-germanium (Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) thin films to 210degC and tuning the physical properties of the film locally to achieve optimal mechanical and electrical properties that are suitable for a wide range of microelectromechanical systems that can be postprocessed on top of standard prefabricated electronics or onto more exotic substrates, such as polymer films. First, the effect of the Ge content, layer thickness, and deposition pressure on the mechanical properties of as-deposited Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> films, which are deposited at 210degC, is analyzed in detail, and the optimal deposition conditions are experimentally determined. Then, the possibility of using pulsed excimer laser annealing to control the electrical and mechanical properties of such films is demonstrated. It is shown that the low deposition temperature imposes many constraints on the laser-annealing conditions, particularly for optimizing the mechanical properties. Moreover, the Ge content and the film thickness have a significant influence on the optimal laser-annealing conditions. It is illustrated that eliminating stress gradient implies very shallow crystallization, which is accompanied by relatively high electrical resistivity. Using the optimal laser-annealing conditions, the stress gradient can be as low as 1 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> for a 0.3-mum-thick film. The optimal electrical resistivity, on the other hand, depends on the Ge content. For 70% Ge, the minimum resistivity is 80 mOmega ldr cm; decreasing the Ge content to 30% results in a resistivity of 3 Omega ldr cm.
Elevated levels of C-reactive protein independently predict accelerated deterioration of graft function in renal transplant recipients (2006)

Elevated levels of CRP independently predict accelerated deterioration of graft function in renal transplant recipients >1 year post-transplantation. Further prospective studies are required to investigate whether early intervention can prevent deterioration of graft function in subjects with elevated levels of CRP.
2P1-C01 Extended-Admittance Based Power Assistive Technology for Arm's Motion Support with One-joint-one-EMG Sensor(Wearable Robotics) (2012)

In this paper, based on our proposed admittance control for holding up a load with EMG signal, a negative admittance control is developed for holding down the load for power assist. First, it is confirmed by the experiments that the main muscle used for elbow lifting is biceps brachii, and shoulder lifting is deltoid clavicular part. Then, the experiments for elbow and shoulder joint motion support are implemented, and the results show the effectiveness for holding up with admittance control and for holding down for proposed negative admittance control.
Rectilinear Steiner trees on a checkerboard (1996)

The rectilinear Steiner tree problem is to find a minimum-length set of horizontal and vertical line segments that interconnect a given set of points in the plane. Here we study the thumbnail rectilinear Steiner tree problem, where the input points are drawn from a small integer grid. Specifically, we devise a fully-set decomposition algorithm for computing optimal thumbnail rectilinear Steiner trees. We then present experimental results comparing the performance of this algorithm with two existing algorithms for computing optimal rectilinear Steiner trees. The thumbnail rectilinear Steiner tree problem has applications in VLSI placement algorithms, based on geometric partitioning, global routing of field-programmable gate arrays, and routing estimation during floorplanning.
Integrated microseismic and geomechanical study in the Barnett Shale Formation (2016)

ABSTRACT We have developed a careful chronological review of multistage stimulation treatments, in which microseismic interpretation was supported by fracture simulation and finite-element geomechanical simulation. The interpretation of a zipper frac stimulation treatment conducted in the Barnett Shale Formation in 2011 progressed from microseismic interpretation, from well-site observation, to a self-consistent understanding across multiple stages and multiple wells. Through this process, we have developed a tutorial on practical interpretation of microseismic data in the context of the hydraulic fracture treatment information (pump data) and regional structural information from interpretation of 3D seismic sections. Analysis of microseismic data included summarizing groups of events in the form of b-value, D-value, and extracted planar geometries. We advocate the development of a chronological interpretation, the consistency of which is tested using forward modeling. The process is iterative and relies on the forward modeling of complex fracturing and finite-element geomechanical models to inform iterations of the interpretation. Although extended case studies of this type are unsuitable for well-site analysis, we recommend their use for planning stimulation treatments for future nearby wells and to inform strategies for refracturing later in the well’s life.
Long-term follow-up of patients with invasive fungal disease who received adjunctive therapy with recombinant human macrophage colony- stimulating factor (1993)

Mortality of bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients who develop invasive fungal infection is greater than 80%. Long-term follow-up of 46 consecutive BMT patients who received recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhM-CSF) as adjunctive therapy with standard antifungal treatment who were entered into phase I/II trials at The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center is reported. rhM-CSF (100 micrograms/m2 to 2,000 micrograms/m2; Chiron/Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, CA) was administered from day 0 to 28 after determination of progressive fungal disease. Results of long-term follow-up of fungal infection, relapse, and survival were compared with 58 similar historical controls. Multivariable analysis of the patients who received rhM-CSF showed two factors that significantly correlated with poor survival: Karnofsky score < or = 20% and Aspergillus infection. Overall, survival of patients who received rhM-CSF was greater than that of historical patients (27% v 5%) and was entirely because of a 50% survival rate in patients with Candida infection and Karnofsky scores greater than 20%. Prospective, randomized, controlled trials to determine efficiency of rhM-CSF are indicated and should be directed at patients with invasive candidiasis.
Anion Responsive TTF-Appended Calix[4]arenes. Synthesis and Study of Two Different Conformers (2010)

Two new cone- and 1,3-alternate-calix[4]arenes (cone-1 and 1,3-alt-1), bearing four modified TTF (tetrathiafulvalene) substituents on the upper rim, have been synthesized. The binding ability of these two sets of conformers for various anions, including F(-), Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), PF6(-), ClO4(-), HSO4(-), CH3COO(-), H2PO4(-), and HP2O7(3-), was tested in organic media by monitoring the changes in their UV/vis and (1)H NMR spectra as a function of added anion, as well as via cyclovoltammetry (CV) (all anions studied as their respective TBA salts). On the basis of the present findings, we propose that incorporation of four TTF units within an overall calix[4]arene-based recognition framework produces a preorganized receptor system that displays a modest preference for the pyrophosphate (HP2O7(3-)) anion.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbenoid Transfer to Imines: A New Heterogeneous Catalytic Synthesis of Aziridines. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.