gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of six saponins by rat intestinal bacteria in vitro (2016)

To investigate the metabolism of six saponins by rat intestinal bacteria in vitro.Six saponins, including notoginsenoside R₁, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Rg₂, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rd and ginsenoside Rb₁, were incubated for 8 and 24 h with rat intestinal bacteria under anaerobic environment, respectively. After the samples were precipitated by acetonitrile and extracted with ethyl acetate, LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was applied for the qualitative analysis of the metabolites. The potential metabolites in rat feces were analyzed by comparing the total ion current of the test samples and blank samples and analyzing the quasi-molecular ion and fragment ion of all chromatograms. The results showed that six saponins could be easily metabolized by rat intestinal bacteria. Notoginsenoside R₁ was mainly metabolized into five metabolites, and it's metabolic pathway was notoginsenoside R₁→ginsenoside Rg₁→ginsenoside Rh₁ and ginsenoside F₁→protopanaxatriol→dehydrogenated protopanaxatriol. Ginsenoside Rg₁ was mainly metabolized into four metabolites, and it's metabolic pathway was ginsenoside Rg₁→ginsenoside Rh₁ and ginsenoside F₁→protopanaxatriol→dehydrogenated protopanaxatriol. Ginsenoside Rg₂ was mainly metabolized into two metabolites, and it's metabolic pathway was ginsenoside Rg₂→ protopanaxatriol→dehydrogenated protopanaxatriol. Ginsenoside Re was mainly metabolized into four metabolites, and it's metabolic pathway was ginsenoside Re→ginsenoside Rg₂→ginsenoside F₁→protopanaxatriol→dehydrogenated protopanaxatriol. Ginsenoside Rd was mainly metabolized into four metabolites, and it's metabolic pathway was ginsenoside Rd→ginsenoside Rg₃ and ginsenoside F₂→ginsenoside Rh₂→protopanaxadiol. Ginsenoside Rb1 was mainly metabolized into five metabolites, and it's metabolic pathway was ginsenoside Rb₁→ginsenoside Rd→ginsenoside Rg₃ and ginsenoside F₂→ginsenoside Rh₂→protopanaxadiol. In summary, six saponins could be quickly metabolized by rat intestinal bacteria in vitro. Their major metabolic pathways were deglycosylation and dehydrogenation.
Identifying Types of Physical Activity With a Single Accelerometer: Evaluating Laboratory-trained Algorithms in Daily Life (2011)

Accurate identification of physical activity types has been achieved in laboratory conditions using single-site accelerometers and classification algorithms. This methodology is then applied to free-living subjects to determine activity behavior. This study is aimed at analyzing the reproducibility of the accuracy of laboratory-trained classification algorithms in free-living subjects during daily life. A support vector machine (SVM), a feed-forward neural network (NN), and a decision tree (DT) were trained with data collected by a waist-mounted accelerometer during a laboratory trial. The reproducibility of the classification performance was tested on data collected in daily life using a multiple-site accelerometer augmented with an activity diary for 20 healthy subjects (age: 30 ± 9; BMI: 23.0 ± 2.6 kg/m(2)). Leave-one-subject-out cross validation of the training data showed accuracies of 95.1 ± 4.3%, 91.4 ± 6.7%, and 92.2 ± 6.6% for the SVM, NN, and DT, respectively. All algorithms showed a significantly decreased accuracy in daily life as compared to the reference truth represented by the IDEEA and diary classifications (75.6 ± 10.4%, 74.8 ± 9.7%, and 72.2 ± 10.3%; p < 0.05). In conclusion, cross validation of training data overestimates the accuracy of the classification algorithms in daily life.
An improved coupling method for time domain load-pull measurements (2005)

This paper describes an efficient coupling method improving the nonlinear time domain large signal load-pull measurements of active devices. This approach consists in a small RF loop fixed near the blended line that takes place between the DUT and the tuner. We take benefit of two advantages: extremely low losses induced by the coupler, and measurements taken very close to the DUT plane. It is shown that this simple coupling solution offers an average directivity better than 15 dB (before calibration) along a wide RF band from 2 to 18 GHz. This solution is compared with the classical approach of a distributed coupler connected before and after the tuner. A LSNA calibration has been performed, it exhibits an average directivity better than 35 dB.
The pathogenic role of Bacteroides vulgatus in patients with ulcerative colitis. (1995)

To clarify the role played by Bacteroides vulgatus in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, the serum antibody titer to the outer membrane protein of B. vulgatus, obtained from the inflamed rectal mucosa, and measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was investigated in patients with ulcerative colitis. High serum antibody titers to the outer membrane protein of B. vulgatus were found in these patients. The specific outer membrane protein of B. vulgatus reactive to serum antibody was recognized as a 26-kDa protein. These findings indicate that B. vulgatus containing a 26-kDa protein in the outer membrane may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
B08 Reduction of prolonged cag repeat containing alleles in Huntington's disease using antisense oligonucleotides (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Huntington9s disease (HD) is a devastating disease for which currently no therapy is available. It is a progressive autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the HD gene which results in an expansion of polyglutamines at the N terminal end of the huntingtin (htt) protein and the accumulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear aggregates in neurons. The polyglutamine expansion results in a toxic gain of function for the huntingtin protein and plays a central role in the disease. The size of this expansion has a direct link to the aggregation proneness as well as the severity of pathological and clinical features. <h3>Aims</h3> The aim of our study is reducing mutant htt transcript and protein levels by targeting its prolonged CAG repeat in the HD gene and thereby inhibiting all downstream toxic effects. <h3>Methods</h3> Patient derived fibroblasts and lymphoblasts were used to transfect fully modified 29O methyl phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (AONs), designed to target the expanded CAG repeat in HD. Various AON concentrations and CUG lengths were applied. Htt transcript levels were measured by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR and protein levels were measured by Western blot and time resolved FRET. <h3>Results</h3> We show that an AON that recognises seven consecutive CAG trinucleotides reduces both mutant htt transcript and protein levels in patient derived cells. In the human genome there are numerous proteins that contain polyQ tracts and these are usually encoded by a combination of CAG and CAA triplets. Those CAG enclosing transcripts were found to be unaffected by the (CUG)<sub>7</sub> AON treatment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Here we make use of AONs targeting the CAG repeat as a therapeutic strategy to effectively reduce both htt transcript and protein levels in patient derived HD cells. Other endogenous CAG enclosing transcripts were found to be unaffected by AON treatment, making the (CUG)<sub>7</sub> AON a promising therapeutic tool to specifically reduce mutant htt in HD.
Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Modalities, and Treatment Options for Dysphagia in Critically Ill Patients (2020)

Postextubation dysphagia may impose a substantial burden on intensive care unit patients and healthcare systems. Approximately 517,000 patients survive mechanical ventilation during critical care annually. Reports of postextubation dysphagia prevalence are highly variable ranging between 3% and 93%. Of great concern is aspiration leading to the development of aspiration pneumonia when patients resume oral feeding. Screening for aspiration with a water swallow test has been reported to be positive for 12% of patients in the intensive care unit after extubation. This review aims to increase awareness of postextubation dysphagia and provide an updated overview of the current knowledge regarding prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options.
Parameterisation of the Single Particle Model for Lithium-Ion Cells (2018)

We describe recent work on parameter identifiability analysis and estimation for lithium-ion battery models. The open circuit potential (OCP) of each half cell is demonstrated to strongly impact the parameter identifiability. Parameter estimates of diffusional time constants and charge transfer resistances are obtained, and a separate independent comparison against time domain data demonstrates an acceptably low voltage error.
Parasitic Resistance Reduction in Deep Submicron Dual-Gate Transistors with Partially Elevated Source/Drain Extension Regions Fabricated by Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Technologies (2000)

Deep submicron dual-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with partially elevated source/drain (S/D) structures were fabricated using complementary MOS (CMOS) technologies. In comparison with well-defined conventional MOSFETs, it is revealed that the drivability is appreciably enhanced by the S/D elevation and, further, that a p-channel MOSFET gains more from the S/D elevation than an n-channel MOSFET. Investigation of the parasitic resistance is consistent with the results of the transistor characteristics.
Complete Methods Set for Scalable Ion Trap Quantum Information Processing (2009)

Large-scale quantum information processors must be able to transport and maintain quantum information and repeatedly perform logical operations. Here, we show a combination of all of the fundamental elements required to perform scalable quantum computing through the use of qubits stored in the internal states of trapped atomic ions. We quantified the repeatability of a multiple-qubit operation and observed no loss of performance despite qubit transport over macroscopic distances. Key to these results is the use of different pairs of 9Be+ hyperfine states for robust qubit storage, readout, and gates, and simultaneous trapping of 24Mg+ "re-cooling" ions along with the qubit ions.
Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula with an Associated Feeding Artery Aneurysm: Case Report (1999)

Feeding artery aneurysms in association with spinal DAVFs have not been previously reported. They present additional risk to patients and, with simple modifications of the standard operative approaches, can easily be treated as part of the surgery for the DAVF.
Highly Flexible Self-Assembled V2O5 Cathodes Enabled by Conducting Diblock Copolymers (2015)

Mechanically robust battery electrodes are desired for applications in wearable devices, flexible displays, and structural energy and power. In this regard, the challenge is to balance mechanical and electrochemical properties in materials that are inherently brittle. Here, we demonstrate a unique water-based self-assembly approach that incorporates a diblock copolymer bearing electron- and ion-conducting blocks, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(ethyleneoxide) (P3HT-b-PEO), with V2O5 to form a flexible, tough, carbon-free hybrid battery cathode. V2O5 is a promising lithium intercalation material, but it remains limited by its poor conductivity and mechanical properties. Our approach leads to a unique electrode structure consisting of interlocking V2O5 layers glued together with micellar aggregates of P3HT-b-PEO, which results in robust mechanical properties, far exceeding the those obtained from conventional fluoropolymer binders. Only 5 wt % polymer is required to triple the flexibility of V2O5, and electrodes comprised of 10 wt % polymer have unusually high toughness (293 kJ/m(3)) and specific energy (530 Wh/kg), both higher than reduced graphene oxide paper electrodes. Furthermore, addition of P3HT-b-PEO enhances lithium-ion diffusion, eliminates cracking during cycling, and boosts cyclability relative to V2O5 alone. These results highlight the importance of tradeoffs between mechanical and electrochemical performance, where polymer content can be used to tune both aspects.
Transcriptome sequencing and comparative transcriptome analysis of the scleroglucan producer Sclerotium rolfsii (2010)

The results presented in this paper provide for the first time genomic and transcriptomic data about S. rolfsii and demonstrate the power and usefulness of combined transcriptome sequencing and comparative microarray analysis. The data obtained allowed us to predict the biosynthetic pathways of scleroglucan and oxalate synthesis and to identify important genes putatively involved in determining scleroglucan yields. Moreover, our data establish the first sequence database for S. rolfsii, which allows research into other biological processes of S. rolfsii, such as host-pathogen interaction.
Predictors of long‐term outcomes greater than 10 years after cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation (2020)

A large proportion of patients are still alive 10 years after CRT implantation. Variables at the time of CRT implant can help provide prognostic information to patients and electrophysiologists to determine the long-term benefit and survival of patients after CRT implantation.
Optical directional coupler with a grating overlay (1985)

A four-port device, consisting of a codirectional coupler with a grating overlay, is analyzed using four-wave coupled-wave theory. Both fully synchronous and asynchronous cases are treated, and the results from the coupled-wave analysis are then related to modal analysis. The implications of the results for both active and passive devices based round the same geometry are then discussed.
Design study of a high-resolution breast-dedicated PET system built from cadmium zinc telluride detectors (2007)

We are developing a dual-panel cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector positron emission tomography (PET) system dedicated to breast imaging. The proposed system consists of two 4 cm thick 12x15 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area CZT panels with adjustable separation, which can be put in close-proximity to breasts and/or axillary nodes and results in high photon sensitivity. In this project, the performance of the proposed CZT dual panel PET system was investigated using Monte-Carlo simulation. Expected system performance is predicted due to CZT’s superior energy resolution, the high photon sensitivity, and the uniform spatial resolution throughout field-of-view (FOV). The dependency of system reconstructed resolution on depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution was also studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tris‐endo‐tricyclo(5.2.1.04,10)decane‐2,5, 8‐triamine. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transcriptional Analysis and Regulation of Expression of the <i>Scr</i> FI Restriction-Modification System of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> UC503 (2001)

ScrFI is a type II restriction-modification system from Lactococcus lactis which recognizes the nucleotide sequence 5'-CC downward arrow NGG-3', cleaving at the point indicated by the arrow, and it comprises an endonuclease gene that is flanked on either side by genes encoding two 5-methylcytosine methylases. An open reading frame (orfX) of unknown function is located immediately upstream of these genes. In this study Northern analysis was performed, and it revealed that orfX, scrFIBM, and scrFIR are cotranscribed as a single polygenic mRNA molecule, while scrFIAM is transcribed independently. 5' extension analysis indicated that the start site for the scrFIAM promoter was a thymine located 4 bp downstream of the -10 motif. The transcriptional start site for the orfX promoter was also found to be a thymine which is more atypically located 24 bp downstream of the -10 motif proximal to the start codon. A helix-turn-helix motif was identified at the N-terminal end of one of the methylases (M.ScrFIA). In order to determine if this motif played a role in regulation of the ScrFI locus, M.ScrFIA was purified. It was then employed in gel retardation assays using fragments containing the two promoters found on the ScrFI operon, one located upstream of orfX and the other located just upstream of scrFIAM. M.ScrFIA was found to bind to the promoter region upstream of the gene encoding it, indicating that it may have a regulatory role. In further studies the two putative promoters were introduced into a vector (pAK80) upstream of a promoterless lacZ gene, and cloned fragments of the ScrFI locus were introduced in trans with each of these promoter constructs to investigate the effect on promoter activity. These results implicated M.ScrFIA in regulation of both promoters on the ScrFI locus.
Telomere Dysfunction Induced Foci (TIF) Analysis (2015)

Telomerase maintains telomeric DNA in eukaryotes during early developments, ~90% of cancer cells and some proliferative stem like cells. Telomeric repeats at the end of chromosomes are associated with the shelterin complex. This complex consists of TRF1, TRF2, Rap1, TIN2, TPP1, POT1 which protect DNA from being recognized as DNA double-stranded breaks. Critically short telomeres or impaired shelterin proteins can cause telomere dysfunction, which eventually induces DNA damage responses at the telomeres. DNA damage responses can be identified by antibodies to 53BP1, gammaH2AX, Rad17, ATM, and Mre11. DNA damage foci at uncapped telomeres are referred to as Telomere dysfunction-Induced Foci (TIFs) (de Lange, 2005; Takai <i>et al.</i>, 2003). The TIF assay is based on the co-localization detection of DNA damage by an antibody against DNA damage markers, such as gamma-H2AX, and telomeres using an antibody against one of the shelterin proteins such as TRF2 (Takai <i>et al.</i>, 2003; de Lange, 2002; Karlseder <i>et al.</i>, 1999). The method we describe here can be used in normal human and cancer cells. Other commonly used methods-Telomere Restriction Fragment (TRF) Analysis (Mender and Shay, 2015b) and Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) (Mender and Shay, 2015a)- in telomere biology can be found by clicking on the indicated links.
Mechanical robustness of MMF datacom interconnections using center-launching technique (2013)

Summary form only given. The analysis of the impact of mechanical perturbations on the system performance is an important issue to assure robustness in board-to-board and data server interconnections, as required by ETSI recommendations [1]. This robustness has to be guaranteed also in case of optical solutions [2], normally based on multi-mode fiber (MMF) communications, demonstrating easy handling and flexibility. In this paper we consider the case of single-mode fiber (SMF)-like propagation in MMF achieved by considering the so-called mode-field matched center-launching technique [3,4], in order to show a complete transmission transparency in the interconnection, when the board output and the board input are directly connected to the link without opto-electronic conversion at the transmitter and electro-optic conversion at the receiver. By exploiting center-launching technique in a MMF affected by mechanical vibrations, the data transmission could be deteriorated by the eventual excitation of the higher order modes in the MMF [5] in these board-to-board system. By means of suitable experimental investigation we demonstrate the robustness of center-launching technique in MMF, confirming SMF-like propagation and excluding multimode propagation, even in presence of mechanical stress. The transparent interconnection is experimented as shown in the inset of Fig. 1 left, where the SMF pigtail output of a single-mode VCSEL at 1335 nm, suitable for high-speed applications [6-8], modulated at 1 Gb/s, is fusion-spliced directly to a 2-m OM2 standard graded-index legacy MMF in order to match just the fundamental mode. The MMF is affected by mechanical vibrations up to about 1 kHz, induced by a shaker. Different backplane configurations are reproduced, detecting the MMF output directly by a free-space photodiode or coupling it into a final SMF operating as a spatial filter. No BER penalties are obtained for vibrations with frequency up to about 1 kHz, as reported in Fig.1.
Design and manufacturing of a 3-D conformal slotted waveguide antenna array in Ku-band based on Direct Metal Laser Sintering (2016)

One of the growing trend in antennas is to address multifunctional systems, providing direct space saving and cost reduction. A consideration for future generation antennas is to replace the classical planar geometry with new functionalities. Three-dimensional (3-D) / conformal antennas offer significant advantages for such system. However, traditional manufacturing processes limit their realization. Additive Manufacturing have been identified as very promising solutions to overcome the dimensional challenge that 3-D components represent. These technologies enable the manufacturing of complex and conformal structures and goes beyond the conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques. In this contribution we propose to evaluate the manufacturing capacities of the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). For this purpose, we need an easy-to-test antenna structure containing pertinent features representative of all complication we can run into when designing a complex antenna, including phased array antenna. We propose a conformal slotted waveguide antenna arrays (SWAA) operating in Ku band. The electrical performances of the device have been compared between simulation with ANSYS® HFSS™ software and measurements. Despite a mismatch in the reflection parameter, good results are obtained in gain. They enable us to envision promising future achievements and a better mastering of the global set of parameters.
PolicyReplay (2010)

Recent legislation has increased the requirements of organizations to report data breaches, or unauthorized access to data. While access control policies are used to restrict access to a database, these policies are complex and difficult to configure. As a result, misconfigurations sometimes allow users access to unauthorized data. In this paper, we consider the problem of reporting data breaches after such a misconfiguration is detected. To locate past SQL queries that may have revealed unauthorized information, we introduce the novel idea of a misconfiguration response (MR) query . The MR-query cleanly addresses the challenges of information propagation within the database by replaying the log of operations and returning all logged queries for which the result has changed due to the misconfiguration. A strawman implementation of the MR-query would go back in time and replay all the operations that occurred in the interim, with the correct policy. However, re-executing all operations is inefficient. Instead, we develop techniques to improve reporting efficiency by reducing the number of operations that must be re-executed and reducing the cost of replaying the operations. An extensive evaluation shows that our method can reduce the total runtime by up to an order of magnitude.
Chronic treatment with Losartan and Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance (2009)

This publication continues the author's previous publication from 2020 on mental barriers hindering a more accurate interrogation of the COVID 19 pandemic phenomenon and which focused on an analysis from sociological, philosophical and anthropological perspectives. The current publication completes this trajectory of inquiry by presenting a biological perspective which demonstrates the human organism as one in which viruses are a co-host in the fullest sense. The publication continues to document the author's hypothesis that the essence of the COVID-19 pandemic is reduced effectiveness of those evolutionarily born defensive mechanisms which are integral to humans. Such a situation has resulted from the plundering of natural resources (including those of health) which characterised the industrial era.