gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 Years of IceCube Data (2020)

This Letter presents the results from pointlike neutrino source searches using ten years of IceCube data collected between April 6, 2008 and July 10, 2018. We evaluate the significance of an astrophysical signal from a pointlike source looking for an excess of clustered neutrino events with energies typically above ∼1 TeV among the background of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. We perform a full-sky scan, a search within a selected source catalog, a catalog population study, and three stacked Galactic catalog searches. The most significant point in the northern hemisphere from scanning the sky is coincident with the Seyfert II galaxy NGC 1068, which was included in the source catalog search. The excess at the coordinates of NGC 1068 is inconsistent with background expectations at the level of 2.9σ after accounting for statistical trials from the entire catalog. The combination of this result along with excesses observed at the coordinates of three other sources, including TXS 0506+056, suggests that, collectively, correlations with sources in the northern catalog are inconsistent with background at 3.3σ significance. The southern catalog is consistent with background. These results, all based on searches for a cumulative neutrino signal integrated over the 10 years of available data, motivate further study of these and similar sources, including time-dependent analyses, multimessenger correlations, and the possibility of stronger evidence with coming upgrades to the detector.
Mitochondria Are Direct Targets of the Lipoxygenase Inhibitor MK886 (2002)

We have investigated the mitochondrial and cellular effects of the lipoxygenase inhibitor MK886. Low concentrations (1 microM) of MK886 selectively sensitized the permeability transition pore (PTP) to opening, whereas higher concentrations of MK886 (10 microM) caused depolarization through combination of an ionophoretic effect with inhibition of respiration. MK886 killed prostate cancer PC3 cells only at the higher, toxic concentration (10 microM), whereas the lower concentration (1 microM) had no major effect on cell survival. However, 1 microM MK886 alone demonstrably induced PTP-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction; and it caused cell death through the mitochondrial pathway when it was used in combination with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, which had no effects per se. Treatment with 1 microM MK886 plus indomethacin sensitized cells to killing by exogenous arachidonic acid, which induces PTP opening and cytochrome c release (Scorrano, L., Penzo, D., Petronilli, V., Pagano, F., and Bernardi, P. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 12035-12040). Combination of MK886 and cyclooxygenase inhibitors may represent a viable therapeutic strategy to force cell death through the mitochondrial pathway. This approach should be specifically useful to kill cells possessing a high flux of arachidonic acid and its metabolites like prostate and colon cancer cells.
P‐118: Low Voltage Driving Tunable Liquid Crystal Lens using Photoalignment Method (2015)

In this paper, we develop a method to prepare a liquid crystal (LC) lens using photoalignment technology. It's fabricated by utilizing variable pretilt angles of a photoalignment layer. By irradiating a Gaussian profile laser beam on a photoalignment layer, variable angles from 1° to 89° are formed. In this way, the tunable LC concave lens with negative power is fabricated and characterized. It requires low voltage control for its tunable feature, which results in low power consumption. Such lens can play a great role in many modern optical and photonic applications.
Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome: diagnostic applications of activity-based probes and lipid analysis (2013)

Lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 (LIMP2) mediates trafficking of glucocerebrosidase (GBA) to lysosomes. Deficiency of LIMP2 causes action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome (AMRF). LIMP2-deficient fibroblasts virtually lack GBA like the cells of patients with Gaucher disease (GD), a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GBA gene. While GD is characterized by the presence of glucosylceramide-laden macrophages, AMRF patients do not show these. We studied the fate of GBA in relation to LIMP2 deficiency by employing recently designed activity-based probes labeling active GBA molecules. We demonstrate that GBA is almost absent in lysosomes of AMRF fibroblasts. However, white blood cells contain considerable amounts of residual enzyme. Consequently, AMRF patients do not acquire lipid-laden macrophages and do not show increased plasma levels of macrophage markers, such as chitotriosidase, in contrast to GD patients. We next investigated the consequences of LIMP2 deficiency with respect to plasma glycosphingolipid levels. Plasma glucosylceramide concentration was normal in the AMRF patients investigated as well as in LIMP2-deficient mice. However, a marked increase in the sphingoid base, glucosylsphingosine, was observed in AMRF patients and LIMP2-deficient mice. Our results suggest that combined measurements of chitotriosidase and glucosylsphingosine can be used for convenient differential laboratory diagnosis of GD and AMRF.
Domain-specific knowledge distillation yields smaller and better models for conversational commerce (2022)

Kristen Howell, Jian Wang, Akshay Hazare, Joseph Bradley, Chris Brew, Xi Chen, Matthew Dunn, Beth Hockey, Andrew Maurer, Dominic Widdows. Proceedings of The Fifth Workshop on e-Commerce and NLP (ECNLP 5). 2022.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Kinetic Resolution and Enzyme‐Like Shape Selectivity. (1988)

Abstract The influence of steric and electronic effects on the kinetic resolution of sec. allylic alcohols by epoxidation (a reaction known, e.g., for (I); kf/ks = 138) is studied.
Synthesis of [N‐C<sup>3</sup>H<sub>3</sub>]‐racemic‐<i>trans</i>‐1‐phenyl‐3‐dimethylamino‐6‐chloro‐7‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene (PAT‐6) (1992)

Abstract The biological function of the sigma receptor in the central nervous system is not well understood at the present time. Once thought to be an opiate receptor, the sigma receptor has now been shown to have a neuromodulatory effect upon the synthesis of dopamine in the striatal nerve terminal. A novel sigma agonist, racemic‐ trans ‐1‐phenyl‐3‐dimethylamino‐6‐chloro‐7‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene, PAT‐6, has demonstrated the greatest potency of any compound tested to date as a sigma agonist in stimulating the synthesis of dopamine in vitro and may be functioning at a novel sigma receptor subtype. The synthesis of tritiated PAT‐6 at high specific activity is described herein. This labeled ligand was prepared for use in radioreceptor binding studies in order to identify the putative sigma receptor subtype responsible for mediation of the stimulatory effect on in vitro dopamine synthesis.
Gain-Scheduled Positioning Control for Varying Rope Length in Travelling Cranes. (1996)

In this paper we report a design method for controlling a travelling crane mounted on a flexible structure. In order to control the position of the crane cart, the sway of the crane rope and the vibration of the flexible structure, a robust servosystem is designed using the normalized coprime factor H∞ robust stabilization approach. We consider varying the lenght of the crane rope in positioning control and schedule the H∞ compensator in accordance with varying the natural frequency of the crane rope. By numerical calculation the settling performance of the gain-scheduled H∞ compensator is compared with that of a switching H∞ compensator. We verify the efficiency of the gain-scheduled H∞ compensator.
Genomic analysis and expression patterns reveal distinct genes for endothelial and brain nitric oxide synthase. (1993)

Constitutively active nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a unique class of NADPH-dependent, calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzymes that catalyze the conversion of L-arginine to nitric oxide and L-citrulline. However, little is known about the molecular similarities or differences between the two prototypical constitutive NOS enzymes, endothelial NOS (ECNOS) and brain NOS (bNOS). The aims of this study were to begin characterizing the gene structure and tissue distribution of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for ECNOS and bNOS and to examine the immunological resemblance of the proteins by Western blotting. Full-length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding bovine ECNOS and rat bNOS hybridized, under high stringency, to different-sized fragments of endonuclease-digested bovine, rat, and human genomic DNA. In addition, more than one fragment was detected with both cDNAs, suggesting that ECNOS and bNOS genes contained multiple introns. Tissue distribution of ECNOS mRNA (4.4 kb) and bNOS mRNA (9.5 kb) in the rat was detected by Northern blotting. Patterns among tissue extracts were strikingly different, with ECNOS mRNA being most abundant in aorta, heart, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, spinal cord, and urogenital tissues and bNOS mRNA most prominent in brain regions, intestine, stomach, spinal cord, adrenal gland, and aorta. Interestingly, ECNOS cDNA detected two equally abundant RNA transcripts (4.4 and 4.0 kb) in most brain regions tested, suggesting an alternative splicing of the ECNOS pre-mRNA. Western blotting, using an ECNOS monoclonal antibody, recognized ECNOS protein from native bovine endothelial cells, cultured bovine endothelial cells, and COS cells transfected with ECNOS cDNA but did not recognize purified bNOS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Travel Demand Prediction using Deep Multi-Scale Convolutional LSTM Network (2018)

Mobility on Demand transforms the way people travel in the city and facilitates real-time vehicle hiring services. Given the predicted future travel demand, service providers can coordinate their available vehicles such that they are pre-allocated to the customers' origins of service in advance to reduce waiting time. Traditional approaches on future travel demand prediction rely on statistical or machine learning methods. Advancement in sensor technology generates huge amount of data, which enables the data-driven intelligent transportation system. In this paper, inspired by deep learning techniques for image and video processing, we propose a new deep learning model, called Multi-Scale Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (MultiConvLSTM), by considering travel demand as image pixel values. MultiConvLSTM considers both temporal and spatial correlations to predict the future travel demand. Experiments on real-world New York taxi data with around 400 million records are performed. We show that MultiConvLSTM outperforms the existing prediction methods for travel demand prediction and achieves the highest accuracy among all in both one-step and multiple-step predictions.
Comprehensive predictive modeling and parametric analysis of multi-track direct laser deposition processes (2010)

Laser direction deposition is a very useful method of fabricating complex parts directly from CAD drawings. Despite its usefulness, many parameters that affect the final quality of the fabricate part make the selection of optimal operating conditions difficult. The supplying powder jet conditions in a direct deposition process greatly influence the quality and property of deposition products. In this paper, new comprehensive numerical modeling is presented to predict the powder flow including temperature distribution, velocities and powder distribution and molten behavior during laser direct deposition in terms of various operating parameters. The model is capable of predicting the powder stream structure and multi-particle phase change process with liquid fraction evolution throughout the entire process with consideration of the particle morphology and size distribution in real powder samples. The model is also capable of predicting molten pool shape, heat affected zone and final deposition track height and width accurate during multi-track laser deposition. In addition, an experimental parametric study on various operating parameters on the final quality is presented.
Simplified Katsevich algorithm motivated by the distribution properties of k-lines (2013)

The Katsevich algorithm is a breakthrough in the theoretically exact algorithms for helical cone beam CT. For future application in medical and industrial CT, determining how to implement it efficiently and accurately is the main task. We analyzed the slope law and intersection law of the k-lines, finding that the k-lines are not intersecting if the half maximal fan angle (HMFA) is less than 21° (numerical solution, so it is approximate) and that the helical pitch and HMFA determine the depth of parallelism of k-lines. Using an appropriate pitch and a HWFA that is less than 21°, one can use a simplified Katsevich algorithm, whose filtration process can be done on the rows of the detector panel so that the pre-weighting, pre-rebinning, post-rebinning and post-weighting steps are all canceled. Simulation experiments show that the simplified algorithm can obtain highly precise images at a faster speed. Our results are intended to be valuable to those who are working on efficient implementations of the Katsevich-type algorithms.
Phonon-Limited Mobility in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-BN Encapsulated <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Stacked Bilayer Graphene (2022)

The weak acoustic phonon scattering in graphene monolayer leads to high mobilities even at room temperatures. We identify the dominant role of the shear phonon mode scattering on the carrier mobility in AB-stacked graphene bilayer, which is absent in monolayer graphene. Using a microscopic tight-binding model, we reproduce experimental temperature dependence of mobilities in high-quality boron nitride encapsulated bilayer samples at temperatures up to ∼200 K. At elevated temperatures, the surface polar phonon scattering from boron nitride substrate contributes significantly to the measured mobilities of 15 000 to 20000 cm^{2}/Vs at room temperature and carrier concentration n∼10^{12} cm^{-2}. A screened surface polar phonon potential for a dual-encapsulated bilayer and transferable tight-binding model allows us to predict mobility scaling with temperature and band gap for both electrons and holes in agreement with the experiment.
3,3''-Dimethyl-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl (1998)

The title compound, C20H18, is centrosymmetric and adopts a twisted conformation. This result contrasts related, unsubstituted systems, where rotational disorder is inevitably found. The different behaviour is rationalized in terms of the absence of π–π interactions in the lattice of the title compound.
A gene from pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) with homology to metallothionein genes (1990)

While searching for 'organ-specific' genes in pea (Pisum sativum L.) we have isolated a gene (designated PsMTA) which has an ORF encoding a predicted protein with some similarity to metallothioneins (MTs). The PsMTA transcript is abundant in roots which have not been exposed to elevated concentrations of trace metals.
RxGAN: Modeling High-Speed Receiver through Generative Adversarial Networks (2022)

Creating models for modern high-speed receivers using circuit-level simulations is costly, as it requires computationally expensive simulations and upwards of months to finalize a model. Added to this is that many models do not necessarily agree with the final hardware they are supposed to emulate. Further, these models are complex due to the presence of various filters, such as a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE), which enable the correct operation of the receiver. Other data-driven approaches tackle receiver modeling through multiple models to account for as many configurations as possible. This work proposes a data-driven approach using generative adversarial training to model a real-world receiver with varying DFE and CTLE configurations while handling different channel conditions and bitstreams. The approach is highly accurate as the eye height and width are within 1.59% and 1.12% of the ground truth. The horizontal and vertical bathtub curves match the ground truth and correlate to the ground truth bathtub curves.
Heightened <i><scp>BRAF</scp></i> and <i><scp>BRAF</scp></i> pseudogene expression levels in 2 Japanese patients with Erdheim‐Chester disease (2018)

Abstract Background Erdheim‐Chester disease ( ECD ) is a rare form of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis with multi‐organ involvement. Many cases have mutations in the BRAF and other genes involved in the MAPK activation pathway. Pseudogenes, which regulate their parental genes post‐transcriptionally, are overexpressed in various tumors, but we found no previous reports of high pseudogene expression in ECD . Methods We evaluated the xanthoma tissues of two patients with ECD . BRAF from the genomic DNA of the tissue was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ). The amplified fragment was directly sequenced to search the BRAFV 600E mutation. Real‐time PCR was performed to amplify cDNA via primer sets specific for either BRAF or BRAF pseudogenes. Results The first case, with advanced stable ECD , expressed high levels of BRAF pseudogenes and BRAF , and a low frequency of the BRAFV 600E mutation. The second case, with early active ECD , showed high expression levels of both BRAF pseudogenes and BRAF gene but no BRAFV 600E mutation. Discussion In the early‐stage of ECD , high levels of BRAF pseudogene expression may boost BRAF expression, promoting the proliferation of xanthomas. The BRAF ‐V600E mutation may be associated with advanced stable stage. Conclusion This is the first report of ECD without a BRAFV 600E mutation and with elevated BRAF gene and BRAF pseudogene expression. The etiologic ramifications of BRAF or BRAF pseudogenes in patents with ECD will be the focus of future study.
Evidence combination for hard and soft sensor data fusion (2011)

A group of multiple heterogeneous sensors is used to observe events of interest and their readings are aggregated into observation vectors that are used to draw inferences. In this generic environment we wish to integrate data provided by ”hard” sensors such as readings of radar and thermal sensors with data provided by ”soft” sensors such as reports from humans or context analysis by domain experts. Here we form a probabilistic representation of soft sensor data using Dempster Shafer's belief mass assignment and a consensus operator for combining human opinions with uncertainties. We then use a probability fusion rule proposed by Krzystofowicz and Long to generate a hard and soft data fusion system. This approach brings all sensor outputs to the same probabilistic framework prior to fusion. The formulation is demonstrated through three exercises involving hypothetical and real scenarios.
Silicon-Controlled Rectifier Embedded Diode for 7 nm FinFET Process Electrostatic Discharge Protection (2022)

A new silicon-controlled rectifier embedded diode (SCR-D) for 7 nm bulk FinFET process electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection applications is proposed. The transmission line pulse (TLP) results show that the proposed device has a low turn-on voltage of 1.77 V. Compared with conventional SCR and diode string, the proposed SCR-D has an additional conduction path constituting by two additional inherent diodes, which results in a 1.8-to-2.2-times current surge capability as compared with the simple diode string and conventional SCR with the same size. The results show that the proposed device meets the 7 nm FinFET process ESD design window and has already been applied in actual circuits.
Metagenomics reshapes the concepts of RNA virus evolution by revealing extensive horizontal virus transfer (2017)

Virus metagenomics is a young research filed but it has already transformed our understanding of virus diversity and evolution, and illuminated at a new level the connections between virus evolution and the evolution and ecology of the hosts. In this review article, we examine the new picture of the evolution of RNA viruses, the dominant component of the eukaryotic virome, that is emerging from metagenomic data analysis. The major expansion of many groups of RNA viruses through metagenomics allowed the construction of substantially improved phylogenetic trees for the conserved virus genes, primarily, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp). In particular, a new superfamily of widespread, small positive-strand RNA viruses was delineated that unites tombus-like and noda-like viruses. Comparison of the genome architectures of RNA viruses discovered by metagenomics and by traditional methods reveals an extent of gene module shuffling among diverse virus genomes that far exceeds the previous appreciation of this evolutionary phenomenon. Most dramatically, inclusion of the metagenomic data in phylogenetic analyses of the RdRp resulted in the identification of numerous, strongly supported groups that encompass RNA viruses from diverse hosts including different groups of protists, animals and plants. Notwithstanding potential caveats, in particular, incomplete and uneven sampling of eukaryotic taxa, these highly unexpected findings reveal horizontal virus transfer (HVT) between diverse hosts as the central aspect of RNA virus evolution. The vast and diverse virome of invertebrates, particularly nematodes and arthropods, appears to be the reservoir, from which the viromes of plants and vertebrates evolved via multiple HVT events.
Corrigendum: Marine Genetic Resources in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Promoting Marine Scientific Research and Enabling Equitable Benefit Sharing (2021)

CORRECTION article Front. Mar. Sci., 30 June 2021Sec. Marine Affairs and Policy Volume 8 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.719006
Fully microscopic modeling of mode locking in microcavity lasers (2015)

Microscopic many-body theory is employed to analyze the mode-locking dynamics of a vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser with a saturable absorber. The quantum wells are treated microscopically through the semiconductor Bloch equations and the light field using Maxwell&#x2019;s equations. Higher-order correlation effects such as polarization dephasing and carrier relaxation are approximated using effective rates fitted to second Born&#x2013;Markov evaluations. The theory is evaluated numerically for vertical external cavity surface-emitting lasers with resonant periodic gain media. For a given gain, the influence of the loss conditions on the very-short pulse generation in the range above 100&#xA0;fs is analyzed. Optimized operational parameters are identified.