gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring aerosols in the operating theatre and beyond using a real‐time sensor network (2022)

The ability to measure and track aerosols in the vicinity of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 is highly desirable. At present, there is no way to measure and track, in real time, the sizes, dispersion and dilution/disappearance of aerosols that are generated by airway manipulations such as mask ventilation; tracheal intubation; bronchoscopy; dental and gastro-intestinal endoscopy procedures; or by vigorous breathing, coughing or exercise. We deployed low-cost photoelectric sensors in five operating theatres between surgical cases. We measured and analysed dilution and exfiltration of aerosols we generated to evaluate air handling and dispersion under real-world conditions. These data were used to develop a model of aerosol persistence. We found significant variation between different operating theatres. Equipment placement near air vents affects air flows, impacting aerosol movement and elimination patterns. Despite these impediments, air exchange in operating theatres is robust and prolonged fallow time before theatre turnover may not be necessary. Significant concentrations of aerosols are not seen in adjoining areas outside of the operating theatre. These models and dispersion rates can predict aerosol persistence in operating theatres and other clinical areas and potentially facilitate quantification of risk, with obvious and far-reaching implications for designing, evaluating and confirming air handling in non-medical environments.
Oxidation‐Triggered Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2013)

Eight new N-Hoveyda-type complexes were synthesized in yields of 67-92 % through reaction of [RuCl2 (NHC)(Ind)(py)] (NHC=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolin)-2-ylidene (SIMes) or 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylimidazolin)-2-ylidene (SIPr), Ind=3-phenylindenylid-1-ene, py=pyridine) with various 1- or 1,2-substituted ferrocene compounds with vinyl and amine or imine substituents. The redox potentials of the respective complexes were determined; in all complexes an iron-centered oxidation reaction occurs at potentials close to E=+0.5 V. The crystal structures of the reduced and of the respective oxidized Hoveyda-type complexes were determined and show that the oxidation of the ferrocene unit has little effect on the ruthenium environment. Two of the eight new complexes were found to be switchable catalysts, in that the reduced form is inactive in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cis-cyclooctene (COE), whereas the oxidized complexes produce polyCOE. The other complexes are not switchable catalysts and are either inactive or active in both reduced and oxidized states.
High-field magnetoresistance of Fe∕GaAs∕Fe tunnel junctions (2004)

We investigate transport through 6–10nm thin epitaxial GaAs(001) barriers sandwiched between polycrystalline iron films. Apart from a pronounced tunneling magnetoresistance effect at low magnetic fields, we observe a distinct negative magnetoresistance (MR) at low and a positive MR at higher temperatures. We show that the negative MR contribution is only observed for the ferromagnetic iron contacts but is absent if iron is replaced by copper or gold electrodes. Possible explanations of the negative MR involve suppression of spin-flip scattering or Zeeman splitting of the tunneling barrier, but neither of these explanations is fully consistent with the data.
Clinical efficacy and safety of intracoronary vs. intravenous abciximab administration in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis of randomized trials (2011)

Adjunctive therapy with abciximab has been proven to reduce mortality and reinfarction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) referred to invasive management. Standard abciximab regimen consists of an intravenous (IV) bolus followed by a 12-h IV infusion. Experimental studies and small clinical trials suggest the superiority of intracoronary (IC) injection of abciximab over the IV route. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of IC vs. IV abciximab administration in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The primary endpoint was mortality, while recurrent myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization (TVR) were selected as secondary endpoints. The safety endpoint was the risk of major bleeding complications. A total of six randomized trials were finally included in the meta-analysis, enrolling a total of 1246 patients. Compared to IV route, IC abciximab was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] =0.43 [0.20-0.94], p=0.03), and TVR (OR [95% CI] =0.53 [0.29-0.99], p=0.05). No differences in terms of recurrent myocardial infarction (OR [95% CI] =0.54 [0.23-1.28], p=0.17) or major bleeding complications (OR [95% CI] =0.91 [0.46-1.79], p=0.79) were observed between the two strategies. The present meta-analysis showed that IC administration of abciximab is associated with significant benefits in mortality at short-term follow-up compared to IV abciximab administration, without any excess of major bleeding in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI. However, further trials are warranted to establish the optimal strategy of abciximab treatment in this setting.
Extraction of In <sup>3+</sup> and Fe <sup>3+</sup> from sulfate solutions by using a 3D-printed “Y”-shaped microreactor (2018)

Abstract In traditional large-scale industrial applications of solvent extraction, there are some limitations such as low extraction efficiency, emulsification, co-extraction, and potential safety hazards. Recently, the application of microfluidic technology in solvent extraction has been dedicated to avoid the above problems effectively. However, manufacturing microchannels becomes a key problem before the application of such a new technology. In this article, the design and fabrication of a “Y”-shaped microreactor by using a three-dimensional (3D) printer, and its feasibility for extraction and separation, is illustrated. The extraction performance of a “Y”-shaped microreactor was investigated by carrying out the extraction of In 3+ and Fe 3+ from a sulfate solution under different experimental conditions. When the residence time was 210 s, the volume fraction of extractant (D2EHPA) was 30%, and the initial pH value of the aqueous solution was 0.7, the extraction rate of In 3+ and the separation coefficient β In/Fe were 98.07% and 1593, respectively. Remarkably, the handling capacity of the 3D-printed “Y” microreactor presented in this work with a channel length of 36 mm was superior, whereas the extraction rate of In 3+ was very close to that of the previously reported microchip with a channel length of 120 mm.
A Secure and Energy-Efficient Scheme for Group-Based Routing in Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Sensor Networks and Its Simulation Analysis (2008)

We present Fuzzy Group-Based Routing Algorithm (FGRA), a secure, energy-efficient scheme for routing in sensor networks. In this scheme, we consider the formation of multipaths for routing. Using fuzzy logic for generating decisions of forwarding or withholding packets, we show that our scheme is robust, efficient and scalable for a large number of nodes. In our scheme, routing takes place with the help of groups of nodes, which includes situations when the nodes are disconnected. We incorporate security in the design of our routing algorithm by using a mobile-agents-based approach. Our scheme is data-centric where named data packets are considered as the focal point of the system, and in this way it can be adapted for any application. We perform some simulations in NS2, and demonstrate that our scheme shows good performance results with scope for additional research.
α-Lipoic acid supplementation: tissue glutathione homeostasis at rest and after exercise (1999)

Antioxidant nutrients have demonstrated potential in protecting against exercise-induced oxidative stress. alpha-Lipoic acid (LA) is a proglutathione dietary supplement that is known to strengthen the antioxidant network. We studied the effect of intragastric LA supplementation (150 mg/kg, 8 wk) on tissue LA levels, glutathione metabolism, and lipid peroxidation in rats at rest and after exhaustive treadmill exercise. LA supplementation increased the level of free LA in the red gastrocnemius muscle and increased total glutathione levels in the liver and blood. The exercise-induced decrease in heart glutathione S-transferase activity was prevented by LA supplementation. Exhaustive exercise significantly increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in the liver and red gastrocnemius muscle. LA supplementation protected against oxidative lipid damage in the heart, liver, and red gastrocnemius muscle. This study reports that orally supplemented LA is able to favorably influence tissue antioxidant defenses and counteract lipid peroxidation at rest and in response to exercise.
Acoustofluidic-mediated molecular delivery to human T cells for improved immunotherapies (2020)

Cell-based immunotherapies, such as CAR-T therapy, have recently demonstrated significant efficacy for treatment of blood cancers and other diseases. However, current methods of cell loading and processing for these therapies are time-consuming, expensive, and inefficient, which limits patient access and safety of this potentially life-saving therapy. To address these limitations, we are developing a novel 3-D-printed acoustofluidic system which integrates ultrasound (5 MHz) and a flow chamber to consistently induce molecular delivery to cells as they pass through the system sequentially. We conducted experimental studies to evaluate the efficiency of molecular delivery to human Jurkat T cells using the acoustofluidic system in combination with ultrasound contrast agents. Intracellular delivery of a fluorescent compound, calcein, was measured via flow cytometry. Acoustofluidic treatment significantly enhanced calcein delivery to Jurkat T cells by 51 ± 27% compared to untreated control groups without ultrasound exposure (p = 0.005). Cell viability, as measured with propidium iodide staining, was not compromised by acoustofluidic treatment (93 ± 5% viability). Our experiments revealed enhanced delivery of calcein to human T cells while maintaining cell viability. Further development of this platform technology may lead to improved cell loading and processing methods for cell-based immunotherapies or other applications.
Plastic composites made from glycerol, citric acid, and forest components (2018)

An ecofriendly approach for the synthesis of plastic biomaterials based on renewable materials suitable for 3D printing application or other applications has been developed. The material was prepared from native (microcrystalline) or amorphous cellulose, citric acid, and glycerol or ethylene glycol, by a pretreatment at 40 °C and a curing at 175 °C for 1 h. The results showed that tensile properties and the water absorption level of the material were acceptable. The highest strain at break (14%) was obtained from materials made of 10% amorphous cellulose with 90% glycerol/citric acid. It had a maximum stress at 37 MPa. Moreover, materials were without ash content. Possible applications of the material in 3D-printers were discussed. In addition, application of mechanical pulp and wood powder into novel plastic material production was discussed. Foaming during curing might be a problem for this type of material, but this can be avoided by using amorphous cellulose in the recipe.
Interface Oxidative Structural Transitions in Graphene Growth on SiC (0001) (2012)

The structural transition from a three-dimensional SiC lattice to a two-dimensional graphene sheet is a crucial element in the growth mechanism of graphene on SiC. An interfacial defective transition layer near the surface of the SiC substrate is believed to be an intermediate structure for graphene layer formation. The transition layer consists of SiOxCy, vacancies, and other defects in the SiC lattice, which result from Si evaporation via thermal degradation of the SiC lattice and oxidation reactions of residual oxygen and other oxygen containing molecules on the SiC surface at high temperatures. This partially oxidized and structurally degraded SiC lattice layer is formed at temperatures lower than the graphene growth temperature but then decomposes with increasing temperature, leading to graphene formation. Then, the growth mechanism for graphene on SiC (0001) in high vacuum consists of multiple steps, including Si removal by thermal decomposition and oxidation, collapsing of the near surface SiC lattice, conversion from sp3 to sp2 carbon, and an increase in the degree of low-dimensional graphitization. The proposed atomic scale mechanism is able to explain experimental phenomena in graphene/SiC structural growth, such as graphene coverage at step edges, growth environment effects, graphene domain size, and thickness variations.
Roots drive oligogalacturonide‐induced systemic immunity in tomato (2020)

Oligogalacturonides (OGs) are fragments of pectin released from the plant cell wall during insect or pathogen attack. They can be perceived by the plant as damage signals, triggering local and systemic defence responses. Here, we analyse the dynamics of local and systemic responses to OG perception in tomato roots or shoots, exploring their impact across the plant and their relevance in pathogen resistance. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics and gene expression analysis in plants treated with purified OGs revealed that local responses were transient, while distal responses were stronger and more sustained. Remarkably, changes were more conspicuous in roots, even upon foliar application of the OGs. The treatments differentially activated the synthesis of defence-related hormones and secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids and lignans, some of them exclusively synthetized in roots. Finally, the biological relevance of the systemic defence responses activated upon OG perception was confirmed, as the treatment induced systemic resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Overall, this study shows the differential regulation of tomato defences upon OGs perception in roots and shoots and reveals the key role of roots in the coordination of the plant responses to damage sensing.
Autoantibodies against Cardiac Troponin I in Patients with Dilated Cardio‐myopathy Predict Improvement of Cardiac Function by Immunoadsorption (2008)

Aims: Cardiac troponins in blood are the most preferred markers of myocardial damage. It has been shown that the application of antibodies against cardiac troponin I (cTnI) can induce dilation and dysfunction of the heart in mice. In the present study we investigated the presence of cTnI‐antibody in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and the effect of immunoadsorption (IA) on left ventricular function (LVF). Methods: 51 patients with DCM were included. Every patient underwent heart catheterisation including myocardial biopsy and received IA. LVF was determined by echocardiography before and 6 months after IA. Serum samples from each patient (before, 5 days and 6 month after IA) were screened for the presence of cTnI‐Ab. 22 of the 51 patients had positive cTnI‐Ab‐titers. Whereas LVF of patients with positive cTnI‐Ab‐titers improved after IA by +8.1% during follow up of 6 month (p&lt;0.001 vs. baseline), patients with negative cTnI‐Ab‐titers showed an improvement of +4,1% only (p&lt;0.04 vs. baseline). Furthermore, Patients with positive cTnI‐antibody‐titers showed a significantly better clinical improvement after IA (+1 NYHA‐class) than patients without cTnI‐antibodies (+0.5 NYHA‐class; p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Immunoadsortion therapy is associated with a pronounced improvement of LVF and NYHA‐Class in patients with detectable antibodies against cardiac troponin I.
Supplementary Data from Tumor-Naïve Multimodal Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Data from Tumor-Naïve Multimodal Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Association of SARS susceptibility with single nucleic acid polymorphisms of OAS1 and MxA genes: a case-control study (2006)

SNPs in the OAS1 3'-UTR and MxA promoter region appear associated with host susceptibility to SARS in Chinese Han population.
Immunization with soluble simian virus 40 large T antigen induces a specific response of CD3<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>−</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice (1992)

C57BL/6 (B6) mice (H-2b) were immunized with the large tumor antigen (T Ag) of simian virus 40 (SV40). Intraperitoneal or subcutaneous sensitization with soluble T Ag specifically primed cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors (CTLp). T Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were detected in a cytotoxicity assay after specific in vitro restimulation of effector cell populations from mice immunized with 2-10 micrograms purified, soluble T Ag and boosted with an injection of 2 micrograms T Ag 2-4 weeks after priming. Cells used for in vitro restimulation and as targets in cytotoxicity assays were syngeneic (B6-derived) RBL5 lymphoma cells expressing SV40 T Ag after transfection with a T Ag-encoding expression vector. Effector cells of this response were H-2 class I-restricted CD3+ CD4-CD8+ CTL. The magnitude of the anti-T Ag CTL response of B6 mice stimulated by soluble virus protein was comparable to the anti-T Ag CTL response of SV40-infected B6 mice. Injections of denatured or native T Ag protein primed CTLp equally well, but immunization with an equal dose of antigen emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvants inefficiently stimulated CTLp.
On J‐Lossless coprime factorizations and <i>H</i><sup>∞</sup> control (1991)

Abstract This paper presents a relatively simple approach, based on chain scattering descriptions, to the synthesis of internally stabilizing controllers which result in a cost function with H ∞ norm strictly less than a prespecified bound. State‐space formulae for a generator of all suboptimal controllers are found by solving two coupled J‐lossless coprime factorizations of a chain scattering matrix description. A mixed‐sensitivity design problem is used to illustrate the solution procedure, and to demonstrate how in certain cases only one algebraic Riccati equation need be solved to get a solution.
Safety and response to influenza vaccine in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis receiving tocilizumab (2012)

We found that sJIA patients treated with tocilizumab could be effectively and safely immunized with the influenza vaccine.
Optical emission spectroscopy characterization of oxygen plasma during degradation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2007)

Optical emission spectroscopy was applied for plasma characterization during sterilization of substrates contaminated with bacteria. The amount of 1010∕ml cells of Escherichia coli was carefully applied to glass substrates and exposed to oxygen plasma glow discharge at different pressures between 30 and 200Pa. Plasma was created in a glass discharge tube by an inductively coupled rf generator at the frequency of 27.12MHz and output power of about 250W. The electron temperature and plasma density were estimated with a double Langmuir probe. They were between 3 and 5eV and 2 and 35×1015m−3. Density of neutral oxygen atoms was measured with a catalytic probe, and was between 2 and 6×1021m−3. Optical emission spectroscopy was performed with a low resolution spectrometer. The emission from carbon monoxide and nitrogen molecules was used to monitor the evolution of bacteria degradation. Both signals expressed a well defined maximum corresponding to peak erosion of bacteria by plasma radicals. As the sterilization was accomplished, both CO and N2 lines fell below the detection limit of the spectrometer. The bacteria degradation was also monitored by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and culturing. The SEM images corresponded well with the evolution of CO and N2 lines so the optical emission spectroscopy found a reliable tool for monitoring the sterilization process.
Low Voltage Light Modulator Based on FLC Layer Divided by Polymer Walls (2001)

Abstract The structural and electrooptical properties of low-voltage composite material are discussed. The material presents a planar-oriented layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal divided into smaller sections by polymer walls and may be used in light modulators with geometry of crossed polarizers.
IL‐6 mediates impaired motor coordination but not cognition in a murine model of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (2013)

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects more than 1.7 million people in the United States annually. mTBI is difficult to diagnose and is clinically associated with impaired motor coordination and cognition. To evaluate and define the deficits after TBI a murine model was used. mTBI was induced by weight drop (400g; 1.5cm). Mice were evaluated for motor coordination by rotarod and cognition by novel object recognition. Cytokine analysis on serum and brain samples was done by ELISA. Neuron specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were brain injury markers. Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption was evaluated using fluorescent micromolecular and macromolecular molecules. Experiments were repeated after giving anti‐IL‐6 antibody systemically after mTBI. mTBI induced deficits in motor coordination and cognition compared to controls. mTBI resulted in increased serum IL‐6, NSE and GFAP, decreased cognition, and decreased motor coordination. In addition, mTBI caused slight BBB breakdown; allowing micromolecular, but not macromolecular leakage. Neutralization of IL‐6 with antibody significantly improved motor coordination, but not cognition, after mTBI. The data suggest that IL‐6 is induced by mTBI and that blockade of IL‐6 mitigates mTBI‐induced motor coordination deficit.
Imaging T-cell receptor activation reveals accumulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated CD3ζ in the endosomal compartment (2010)

Phosphorylation of the T-cell receptor complex (TcR/CD3) mediates the survival and antigen-induced activation of T cells. TcR/CD3 phosphorylation is usually monitored using phospho-specific antibodies, which precludes dynamic measurements. Here, we have developed genetically encoded, live-cell reporters that enable simultaneous monitoring of the phosphorylation state and intracellular trafficking of CD3ζ, the major signal-transducing subunit of the TcR/CD3. We show that these reporters provide accurate readouts of TcR/CD3 phosphorylation and are sensitive to the local balance of kinase and phosphatase activities acting upon TcR/CD3. Using these reporters, we demonstrate that, in addition to the expected activation-dependent phosphorylation at the plasma membrane, tyrosine-phosphorylated CD3ζ accumulates on endosomal vesicles distinct from lysosomes. These results suggest that an intracellular pool of phosphorylated CD3ζ may help to sustain TcR/CD3 signaling after the receptor internalization.
Synthesis of substituted benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophenes by acid‐catalyzed cyclization of thiophenylacetals and ketones (1988)

Abstract Benzo[ b ]thiophenes substituted at the 3 position with methyl or carboxymethyl and at the 5 position with methyl, methoxy, chloro, bromo and nitro were prepared by cyclization of thiophenyl‐acetals and ketones using a suspension of polyphosphoric acid in refluxing chlorobenzene. The overall efficiency of this method is superior to literature procedures because of the lower temperature and the limited amount of PPA used.