gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary macrophage migration inhibitory factor: an important contributor to age-dependent inflammation in sepsis (2008)

The morbidity and mortality from severe sepsis depends largely on how quickly and comprehensively evidencebased therapies are administered. As such, a huge opportunity exists. However, optimal care requires not only factual knowledge, but also numerous practical strategies including the ability to recognize a disease, to identify impending crises, to communicate effectively, to run a team, to work under stress and to simultaneously coordinate multiple tasks. Medical simulation offers a way to practice these essential crisis management skills, and without any risk to patients. Methods Following a didactic lecture on the key components of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines, we trained 20 emergency medicine residents on a portable Laerdal Patient Simulator. Pre-programmed sepsis scenarios were developed following a needs assessment and modified Delphi technique. To maximize realism, this was performed in the acute care area of the Emergency Department and included a pre-briefed respiratory therapist and nurse. We videotaped resident performance and provided nonpunitive feedback, focusing on the comprehensiveness of therapy (for example, whether broad-spectrum antibiotics were given) and crisis resource management strategies (for example, whether help was asked for and tasks were appropriately allocated). Results Evaluation using a five-point Likert scale demonstrated that participants found this very useful (4.5/5), that lessons were complementary and supplementary to those learned from lectures (4.5/5) and that medical simulation was realistic (4/5). In addition, despite prior sepsis lectures, comparison of pre-tests and posttests showed that more emergency medicine residents would: administer broad-spectrum antibiotics as soon as possible following hypotension (14/20 pre-test, compared with 16/20 posttest), administer low-dose corticosteroids for those with refractory shock (10/20 pre-test, compared with 13/20 post-test), and would favour norepinephrine as a vasopressor (8/20 pre-test, compared with 12/20 post-test). Participants specifically valued the chance to observe and practice crisis resource management skills, which they felt had not been previously addressed (19/20). Conclusion Medical simulation appears to be an effective way to change both knowledge and behaviours in the treatment of severe sepsis. Many education and licensing boards also expect trainees to become not only content experts, but also effective communicators, collaborators, resource managers and advocates. These laudable goals are difficult to capture with traditional lectures but are comparably easy using medical simulation. We hope others will consider medical simulation as a complementary teaching and quality-assurance strategy in the fight against sepsis.
Analysis of hot-potato optical networks with wavelength conversion (2002)

Wavelength conversion has been shown to reduce the probability of blocking in both circuit-switching and packet-switching wavelength routed optical networks (WRONs). The effectiveness of the blocking reduction depends on the topology, and is known to be best for meshed topologies, where the average number of hops per path is large. This paper shows that by exploiting wavelength conversion, routing without buffers, known as hot-potato, becomes an interesting option for packet switching WRONs with meshed topologies, such as Manhattan Street (MS) Network and ShuffleNet (SN). The results show that, by using more than 4 wavelengths, a 64 node MS or SN network can work at full load with a hop delay within one hop from its lowest achievable value. We also show that using delay-line routing buffers at the node is a much more effective way of reducing blocking than using wavelength conversion.
Comparison of the time courses of insulin and the portal signal on hepatic glucose and glycogen metabolism in the conscious dog. (1996)

To investigate the temporal response of the liver to insulin and portal glucose delivery, somatostatin was infused into four groups of 42-h-fasted, conscious dogs ( n 6/group), basal insulin and glucagon were replaced intraportally, and hyperglycemia was created via a peripheral glucose infusion for 90 min (period 1). This was followed by a 240-min experimental period (period 2) in which hyperglycemia was matched to period 1 and either no changes were made (CON), a fourfold rise in insulin was created (INS), a portion of the glucose (22.4 mol kg 1 min 1 ) was infused via the portal vein (Po), or a fourfold rise in insulin was created in combination with portal glucose infusion (INSPo). Arterial insulin levels were similar in all groups during period 1 ( 45 pM) and were 45 9, 154 20, 43 7, and 128 14 pM during period 2 in CON, INS, Po, and INSPo, respectively. The hepatic glucose load was similar between periods and among groups ( 278 mol kg 1 min 1 ). Net hepatic glucose output was similar among groups during period 1 ( 0.1 mol kg 1 min 1 ) and did not change significantly in CON during period 2. In INS net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU; mol kg 1 min 1 ) was 3.8 3.3 at 15 min of period 2 and did not reach a maximum ( 15.9 6.6) until 90 min. In contrast, NHGU reached a maximum of 13.0 3.7 in Po after only 15 min of period 2. In INSPo, NHGU reached a maximum ( 23.6 3.5) at 60 min. Liver glycogen accumulation during period 2 was 21 10, 84 17, 65 16, and 134 17 mol/gram in CON, INS, Po, and INSPo, respectively. The increment (period 1 to period 2) in the active form of liver glycogen synthase was 0.7 0.4, 6.5 1.2, 2.8 1.0, and 8.5 1.3% in CON, INS, Po, and INSPo, respectively. Thus, in contrast to insulin, the portal signal rapidly activates NHGU. In addition, the portal signal, independent of a rise in insulin, can cause glycogen accumulation in the liver. (
[Immunohistochemical study of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas with vimentin and astroprotein (GFAP)]. (1985)

Expression of two different types of intermediate filaments, vimentin filaments and glial filaments, was studied immunohistochemically in experimental rat gliomas. Although vimentin filaments are most commonly seen in mesenchymal cells, recent immunocytochemical study demonstrated that this type of filaments can be recognized also in glial cells during early cell differentiation and in tumor cells of epithelial origin. In the present communication, distribution of vimentin filaments in rat glial tumors was investigated and compared with that of glial filaments by using specific antiserum to each protein subunit, vimentin and astroprotein (GFAP). Ethylnitrosourea (50 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously into 3 day-old Wistar rats. After four to ten months, brains of animals were removed, fixed in 95% ethanol and embedded in paraffin. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was carried out on 6 micron-thick sections. In normal portion of the brain, immunoreaction for vimentin was noted in ependymal cells and in vascular endothelial cells but not in astrocytes. This distribution contrasted with that of astroprotein (GFAP), which distributed in astrocytes but not in normal ependymal cells. These findings confirmed that the two antisera used in the present study do not crossreact to each other. In contrast to the absence of vimentin immunoreaction in normal astrocytes, a number of tumor cells showed positive reaction to the antiserum to vimentin. Mixed glioma with astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma had both astroprotein (GFAP)-positive and negative cells. Well developed cellular processes were noted in astroprotein (GFAP)-positive cells (astrocytoma cells). Weak immunoreaction for vimentin was noted in those cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dynamics and healing behavior of metallosupramolecular polymers (2021)

Self-healing or healable polymers can recuperate their function after physical damage. This process involves diffusion of macromolecules across severed interfaces until the structure of the interphase matches that of the pristine material. However, monitoring this nanoscale process and relating it to the mechanical recovery remain elusive. We report that studying diffusion across healed interfaces and a correlation of contact time, diffusion depth, and mechanical properties is possible when two metallosupramolecular polymers assembled with different lanthanoid salts are mended. The materials used display similar properties, while the metal ions can be tracked with high spatial resolution by energy-dispersive x-ray spectrum imaging. We find that healing actual defects requires an interphase thickness in excess of 100 nm, 10 times more than previously established for self-adhesion of smooth films of glassy polymers.
Posterior spinal instrumentation and decompression with or without cross-link? (2021)

CL augmentation reduces AR-ROM by 7-12% in single-level instrumentation of the lumbar spine, with the effect increasing along with the extensiveness of the decompression technique. In light of the discrete absolute changes, CL augmentation may be warranted for highly unstable vertebral segments rather than for standard single-level posterior spinal fusion and decompression.
Androctonin, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from Scorpion<i>Androctonus Australis</i>: Solution Structure and Molecular Dynamics Simulations in the Presence of a Lipid Monolayer (1999)

Androctonin is a highly cationic antimicrobial peptide from scorpion exhibiting a broad spectrum of activities against bacteria and fungi. It contains 25 amino acids including four cysteine residues forming two disulfide bridges. We report here on the determination of its solution structure by conventional two-dimensional (2D) 1H-NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling using distance geometry and molecular dynamics methods. The structure of androctonin involves a well-defined highly twisted anti-parallel beta-sheet with strands connected by a more variable positively charged turn. A comparison with the structure of tachyplesin I (horseshoe crab) reveals that the amphiphilic character of the protein surface of this homologous peptide is not observed in androctonin. We have undertaken a 200-ps molecular dynamics simulation study on a system including one androctonin molecule and a monolayer of DMPG (1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol) lipids. On the basis of this simulation, the first steps of the membrane permeabilization process are discussed.
Cleavable Crosslinkers as Tissue Fixation Reagents for Proteomic Analysis (2018)

Formaldehyde fixation is widely used for long-term maintenance of tissue. However, due to formaldehyde-induced crosslinks, fixed tissue proteins are difficult to extract, which hampers mass spectrometry (MS) proteomic analyses. Recent years have seen the use of different combinations of high temperature and solubilizing agents (usually derived from antigen retrieval techniques) to unravel formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue proteomes. However, to achieve protein extraction yields similar to those of fresh-frozen tissue, high-temperature heating is necessary. Such harsh extraction conditions can affect sensitive amino acids and post-translational modifications, resulting in the loss of important information, while still not resulting in protein yields comparable to those of fresh-frozen tissue. Herein, the objective is to evaluate cleavable protein crosslinkers as fixatives that allow tissue preservation and efficient protein extraction from fixed tissue for MS proteomics under mild conditions. With this goal in mind, disuccinimidyl tartrate (DST) and dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate) (DSP) are investigated as cleavable fixating reagents. These compounds crosslink proteins by reacting with amino groups, leading to amide bond formation, and can be cleaved with sodium metaperiodate (cis-diols, DST) or reducing agents (disulfide bonds, DSP), respectively. Results show that cleavable protein crosslinking with DST and DSP allows tissue fixation with morphology preservation comparable to that of formaldehyde. In addition, cleavage of DSP improves protein recovery from fixed tissue by a factor of 18 and increases the number of identified proteins by approximately 20 % under mild extraction conditions compared with those of formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. A major advantage of DSP is the introduction of well-defined protein modifications that can be taken into account during database searching. In contrast to DSP fixation, DST fixation followed by cleavage with sodium metaperiodate, although effective, results in side reactions that prevent effective protein extraction and interfere with protein identification. Protein crosslinkers that can be cleaved under mild conditions and result in defined modifications, such as DSP, are thus viable alternatives to formaldehyde as tissue fixatives to facilitate protein analysis from paraffin-embedded, fixed tissue.
Conditioning of β<sub>1</sub>-adrenoceptor effect via β<sub>2</sub>-subtype on L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup>current in canine ventricular myocytes (2000)

We investigated the roles of beta(1)- and beta(2)-receptors (beta-AR) in adrenergic enhancement of L-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaL)) in canine ventricular myocytes. Isoproterenol and l-norepinephrine produced a monophasic and a biphasic concentration-I(CaL) relationship (CR), respectively. alpha(1)-AR inhibition with prazosin and beta(2)-AR stimulation with zinterol or l-epinephrine shifted the CR of l-norepinephrine leftward. Zinterol (50 nM) and l-epinephrine (10 nM), but not prazosin, altered the biphasic CR of l-norepinephrine to a monophasic CR. Zinterol and l-epinephrine applied after l-norepinephrine had no effect on I(CaL). beta(2)-AR inhibition with ICI-118551 reduced the E(max) of isoproterenol and l-norepinephrine by 60% and abolished the augmentation of l-norepinephrine by zinterol and l-epinephrine. Carbachol (100 nM) modestly reduced the I(CaL) response to beta(1)-AR stimulation but abolished the enhancement via beta(2)-AR. Zinterol augmented the enhancement of I(CaL) by forskolin, IBMX, and theophylline, but not in the presence of CGP-20712A. We conclude that selective beta(2)-AR stimulation does not increase I(CaL) but enhances adenylyl cyclase activity when stimulated via beta(1)-AR and with forskolin. beta(2)-AR activity preconditions adenylyl cyclase for beta(1)-AR stimulation.
Author response: Oscillatory phase separation in giant lipid vesicles induced by transmembrane osmotic differentials (2014)

Spontaneous osmoregulation in giant phospholipid vesicles, which is characterized by oscillations in vesicle size and membrane tension, couples to the compositional degrees of freedom at the membrane surface to produce oscillations in domain texture and induce isothermal phase change.
Effect of bacteriophage M13 infection on phosphorylation of dnaK protein and other <i>Escherichia coli</i> proteins (1987)

1. The effects of infection with the filamentous phage M13 on the phosphorylation of Escherichia coli proteins were studied. Phosphorylated proteins were labeled with [32P]orthophosphate and analyzed by the O'Farrell two-dimensional gel technique and autoradiography. 2. Phage infection was shown to induce significant changes in the pattern of protein phosphorylation. At least eight different proteins were found to be phosphorylated to a larger extent while seven others were, by contrast, much less labeled than in uninfected bacteria. 3. Labeling experiments with [35S]methionine demonstrated that these quantitative changes in protein phosphorylation were not connected, in any case, with changes in the amount of protein synthesized. They rather seemed to result from a variation of the phosphorylating capacity of the relevant protein kinase(s). 4. The individual proteins, whose phosphorylation was affected by phage infection, were characterized by both their molecular mass and isoelectric point. One of them, whose phosphorylation was increased by a factor of 7, was identified as the dnaK protein which is necessary for both cellular and phage DNA replication. 5. The chemical analysis of the phosphorylated moiety of dnaK protein showed that it was modified exclusively at serine residues during normal growth of cells, and mostly at threonine residues after phage infection. These results were discussed in terms of stimulation of the protein activity by phosphorylation.
Youth Olympic Village Co-space (2010)

We have designed and implemented a 3D virtual world based on the Co-Space concept encompasses the Youth Olympic Village (YOV) and several sports competition venues. It is a massively multiplayer online (MMO) virtual world built according to the actual, physical locations of the YOV and sports competition venues. On top of that, the Co-Space is being populated with human-like avatars, which are created according to the actual human size and appearance, they perform their activities and interact with the users in real-world context. In addition, autonomous intelligent agents are integrated into the Co-Space to provide context-aware and personalized services to the users. These agents, which are in the form of human-like avatars, act as the users' personal tour guides, they interact with the users and gradually learn the users' preferences. Then, the agents are able to suggest suitable locations for the users to visit. The intention of deploying these agents is to enrich the Co-Space with a variety of interactions tailored to each user's preferences instead of the same contents for everyone. Besides, our Co-Space also provides an avenue for people from different locations throughout the world to explore the YOV and experience the atmosphere of the sports events in Singapore.
XMM-Newton survey of the central region of M31. Spectral properties and\n variability of bright X-ray sources and source classification (2006)

(Abridged) We present the results of the systematic survey of X-ray sources\nin the central region of M31 using the data from XMM-Newton observations\nperformed in the years 2000-2004. The spectral properties and variability of\n123 bright X-ray sources with apparent luminosities between ~10^{36} and\n\\~5x10^{38} ergs/s were studied in detail. The spectral distribution of M31\nX-ray sources, based on the spectral fitting with a power law model is clearly\nbimodal with a main peak corresponding to a photon index Gamma ~ 1.75 and a\nshoulder at Gamma ~ 2.0-2.2 extending to the soft spectral region, and shows\nclear evolution with source luminosity. The distribution of absorbing columns\ntowards M31 sources derived from spectral analysis has a peak at\nN_H~1.2x10^{21} cm^{-2} extending up to 1.3x10^{22} cm^{-2}, with an average\nvalue of (1.52 +/- 0.02)x10^{21} cm^{-2}. More than 80% of sources observed in\ntwo or more observations show significant variability on the time scales of\ndays to years. About 50% of the sources in our sample are spectrally variable.\nThe spectral evolution of a number of sources is correlated with the level of\ntheir X-ray flux, while some sources demonstrate complex patterns of evolution\non the hardness-intensity diagram. Based on the similarity of the properties of\nM31 X-ray sources and their Galactic counterparts, we expect most of the X-ray\nsources in our sample to be accreting binary systems with neutron star and\nblack hole primaries. A total of 44 X-ray sources can be identified as probable\nX-ray binaries. Combining the results of X-ray analysis with available data at\nother wavelengths, we classify 7% and 24% of sources in our sample as,\nrespectively, probable black hole and neutron star candidates.\n
Fall Prediction Based on Instrumented Measures of Gait and Turning in Daily Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis (2022)

This study investigates the potential of passive monitoring of gait and turning in daily life in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) to identify those at future risk of falls. Seven days of passive monitoring of gait and turning were carried out in a pilot study of 26 PwMS in home settings using wearable inertial sensors. The retrospective fall history was collected at the baseline. After gait and turning data collection in daily life, PwMS were followed biweekly for a year and were classified as fallers if they experienced >1 fall. The ability of short-term passive monitoring of gait and turning, as well as retrospective fall history to predict future falls were compared using receiver operator curves and regression analysis. The history of retrospective falls was not identified as a significant predictor of future falls in this cohort (AUC = 0.62, p = 0.32). Among quantitative monitoring measures of gait and turning, the pitch at toe-off was the best predictor of falls (AUC = 0.86, p < 0.01). Fallers had a smaller pitch of their feet at toe-off, reflecting less plantarflexion during the push-off phase of walking, which can impact forward propulsion and swing initiation and can result in poor foot clearance and an increased metabolic cost of walking. In conclusion, our cohort of PwMS showed that objective monitoring of gait and turning in daily life can identify those at future risk of falls, and the pitch at toe-off was the single most influential predictor of future falls. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving the strength of plantarflexion muscles, range of motion, and increased proprioceptive input may benefit PwMS at future fall risk.
Carbon storage fundamentals - Changes in pore structure and connectivity induced by CO₂ injection in carbonates: A combined pore-scale approach (2012)

QScience.com is the innovative and collaborative, peer-reviewed, online publishing platform from Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press). It offers a fast and transparent Open Access scholarly publishing process, which is centered on the author, bringing their research to a global audience.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed C—N Cross‐Coupling of Sulfoximines with Aryl Iodides. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Silicon Carbide (SiC) Nanoelectromechanical Antifuse for Ultralow-Power One-Time-Programmable (OTP) FPGA Interconnects (2015)

We report a new nanoscale antifuse featuring low-power and high-programming speed, by employing silicon carbide (SiC) nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). We show that the SiC NEMS antifuses can enable ultralow-power one-time-programmable (OTP) field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) with characteristics promising for security-sensitive and harsh-environment applications. The SiC NEMS antifuses offer minimal leakage, low-programming voltage (down to ~1.5 V), ideally abrupt transient, high on/off ratios (>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> ) and high-current carrying ability (>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), and very small footprints (~1 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to ~0.1 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per device). We further describe new designs of antifuses, simulate FPGA benchmarking circuits based on experimentally demonstrated practical NEMS antifuses, and compare their advantageous performance with state-of-the-art conventional antifuse FPGAs. We also demonstrate a SiC NEMS antifuse-based OTP memory cell with a read margin of >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> .