gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxy-1-aryl-isochromans: protective compounds against lipid peroxidation and cellular nitrosative stress (2008)

Hydroxy-1-aryl-isochromans are a novel class of polyphenolic heterocyclic compounds with potent antioxidative potential. Here we investigated the protective effects of hydroxy-1-aryl-isochroman derivatives against lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress as a function of their degree of hydroxylation. Measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat brain mitochondria, nitric oxide analysis in microglia cultures, and cell viability analysis were performed. We found that hydroxyl-1-aryl-isochroman derivatives with two, three, and four hydroxyl groups (ISO-2, ISO-3, and ISO-4, respectively) display a higher activity against mitochondrial lipid peroxidation than the corresponding derivative without hydroxyl groups (ISO-0) as well as the reference antioxidant Trolox. However, ISO-0 strongly reduced microglial nitric oxide production, whereas ISO-2 and ISO-4 had a less pronounced effect and ISO-3 was even ineffective. ISO-0 and ISO-3 increased the cell viability of activated microglia, whereas a minor effect of ISO-2 and no significant increase after treatment with ISO-4 could be observed. In conclusion, hydroxy-1-aryl-isochromans exhibit cytoprotective properties, besides their action against reactive oxygen/nitrogen species.
The Brownian bridge method - an alternative to importance sampling and a tool for the study of the spectral dynamics of PMD (2004)

The Brownian bridge method is described along with its applications to the study of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in fiber-optic systems. This method offers an alternative to importance sampling in numerical computations and it constitutes an extremely powerful tool in the study of the spectral statistics of PMD.
Investigation of integrated winding configuration for a two-DOF controlled bearingless PM motor using one three-phase inverter (2017)

This paper describes a simple integrated winding configuration for a two-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) controlled bearingless motor with 6-slot/6-pole surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) structure. This bearingless SPM motor has only three concentrated coils, wound alternately in the stator's 6 slots, and employs only one three-phase inverter for both two-DOF radial magnetic suspension and motor drive. The theoretical calculation and finite element method analysis have verified that the proposed integrated winding generates the 4-pole revolving field for radial suspension force generation and 6-pole alternating field for torque generation. This bearingless motor works as a single-phase SPM motor with effective use of cogging torque. An outer rotor type bearingless motor with a diameter of 58 mm and a height of 7 mm is built and tested. The rotor is successfully levitated and driven up to 6000 rpm. The peak-to-peak value of the rotor's radial displacement during rotation is smaller than 50 μm.
Improving FPGA routing architectures using architecture and CAD interactions (2003)

The interactions between the CAD tools that are used to configure the routing resources of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and the design of the routing architecture itself are examined. Such an understanding is used to determine where to reduce the number of routing switches in the FPGA while maintaining routability. Experiments are used to study a switch block that was previously thought to have unacceptably low flexibility. It is shown that the performance of this switch block can be improved by adapting the global router to require less flexibility in the architecture, and by careful placement of physical pins on the logic blocks. It is demonstrated that the fewest routing switches are required when each logical pin appears on only one side of the logic cell rather than two or more.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
How URLLC Can Benefit From NOMA-Based Retransmissions (2020)

Among the new types of connectivity unleashed by the emerging 5G wireless systems, Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) is perhaps the most innovative, yet challenging one. Ultra-reliability requires high levels of diversity, however, the reactive approach based on packet retransmission in HARQ protocols should be applied carefully to conform to the stringent latency constraints. The main premise of this paper is that the NOMA principle can be used to achieve highly efficient retransmissions by allowing concurrent use of wireless resources in the uplink. We introduce a comprehensive solution that accommodates multiple intermittently active users, each with its own HARQ process. The performance is investigated under two different assumptions about the Channel State Information (CSI) availability: statistical and instantaneous. The results show that NOMA can indeed lead to highly efficient system operation compared to the case in which all HARQ processes are run orthogonally.
8-Pyrenylvinyl Adenine Controls Reversible Duplex Formation between Serinol Nucleic Acid and RNA by [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition (2019)

Photocontrol of duplex formation between the totally artificial serinol nucleic acid (SNA) and target RNA was made possible using a photoresponsive nucleobase 8-pyrenylvinyl adenine (<sup>PV</sup>A). <sup>PV</sup>A residues in SNA can be induced to undergo intrastrand [2 + 2] photocycloaddition by 455 nm light. Effective cycloreversion of the <sup>PV</sup>A photodimer results from irradiation with 340 nm light. These reactions occurred in high yield, rapidly, selectively, and reversibly. When the <sup>PV</sup>A-SNA/RNA duplex was irradiated with 455 nm light, almost complete dissociation of the duplex was attained, and 340 nm light restored duplex formation by cycloreversion. This is the first example of use of photocycloaddition and cycloreversion to photoregulate canonical duplex formation and dissociation reversibly at constant temperature. Thus, SNA bearing <sup>PV</sup>A residues have potential for use in photocontrollable biological tools targeting endogenous RNAs in cells as well as photodriven SNA machines.
Reestablishment of Energy Balance in a Male Mouse Model With POMC Neuron Deletion of BMPR1A (2017)

The regulation of energy balance involves complex processes in the brain, including coordination by hypothalamic neurons that contain pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). We previously demonstrated that central bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 7 reduced appetite. Now we show that a type 1 BMP receptor, BMPR1A, is colocalized with POMC neurons and that POMC-BMPR1A-knockout (KO) mice are hyperphagic, revealing physiological involvement of BMP signaling in anorectic POMC neurons in the regulation of appetite. Surprisingly, the hyperphagic POMC-BMPR1A-KO mice exhibited a lack of obesity, even on a 45% high-fat diet. This is because the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of KO animals exhibited increased sympathetic activation and greater thermogenic capacity owing to a reestablishment of energy balance, most likely stemming from a compensatory increase of BMPR1A in the whole hypothalamus of KO mice. Indeed, control animals given central BMP7 displayed increased energy expenditure and a specific increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in BAT. In these animals, pharmacological blockade of BMPR1A-SMAD signaling blunted the ability of BMP7 to increase energy expenditure or BAT SNA. Together, we demonstrated an important role for hypothalamic BMP signaling in the regulation of energy balance, including BMPR1A-mediated appetite regulation in POMC neurons as well as hypothalamic BMP-SMAD regulation of the sympathetic drive to BAT for thermogenesis.
Preclinical Animal Models for Temporomandibular Joint Tissue Engineering (2017)

There is a paucity of in vivo studies that investigate the safety and efficacy of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissue regeneration approaches, in part due to the lack of established animal models. Review of disease models for study of TMJ is presented herein with an attempt to identify relevant preclinical animal models for TMJ tissue engineering, with emphasis on the disc and condyle. Although degenerative joint disease models have been mainly performed on mice, rats, and rabbits, preclinical regeneration approaches must employ larger animal species. There remains controversy regarding the preferred choice of larger animal models between the farm pig, minipig, goat, sheep, and dog. The advantages of the pig and minipig include their well characterized anatomy, physiology, and tissue properties. The advantages of the sheep and goat are their easier surgical access, low cost per animal, and its high tissue availability. The advantage of the dog is that the joint space is confined, so migration of interpositional devices should be less likely. However, each species has limitations as well. For example, the farm pig has continuous growth until about 18 months of age, and difficult surgical access due to the zygomatic arch covering the lateral aspect of joint. The minipig is not widely available and somewhat costly. The sheep and the goat are herbivores, and their TMJs mainly function in translation. The dog is a carnivore, and the TMJ is a hinge joint that can only rotate. Although no species provides the gold standard for all preclinical TMJ tissue engineering approaches, the goat and sheep have emerged as the leading options, with the minipig as the choice when cost is less of a limitation; and with the dog and farm pig serving as acceptable alternatives. Finally, naturally occurring TMJ disorders in domestic species may be harnessed on a preclinical trial basis as a clinically relevant platform for translation.
Annotated XML (2008)

We present a formal framework for capturing the provenance of data appearing in XQuery views of XML. Building on previous work on relations and their (positive) query languages, we decorate unordered XML with annotations from commutative semirings and show that these annotations suffice for a large positive fragment of XQuery applied to this data. In addition to tracking provenance metadata, the framework can be used to represent and process XML with repetitions, incomplete XML, and probabilistic XML, and provides a basis for enforcing access control policies in security applications.
Analysis of Wormlike Robotic Locomotion on Compliant Surfaces (2010)

An inherent characteristic of biological vessels and tissues is that they exhibit significant compliance or flexibility, both in the normal and tangential directions. The latter in particular is atypical of standard engineering materials and presents additional challenges for designing robotic mechanisms for navigation inside biological vessels by crawling on the tissue. Several studies aimed at designing and building wormlike robots have been carried out, but little was done on analyzing the interactions between the robots and their flexible environment. In this study, we will analyze the interaction between earthworm robots and biological tissues where contact mechanics is the dominant factor. Specifically, the efficiency of locomotion of earthworm robots is derived as a function of the tangential flexibility, friction coefficients, number of cells in the robot, and external forces.
An Industrial Case Study of Bypass Testing on Web Applications (2008)

Web applications are interactive programs that are deployed on the world wide Web. Their execution is usually controlled very heavily by user choices and user data. This makes them vulnerable to abnormal behavior from invalid inputs as well as security attacks. Thus, Web applications invest heavily in validating user inputs according to defined constraints on the values. This work focuses on validation done on the client, which uses two types of technologies; restrictions in HTML form fields and scripts that check values. Unfortunately users have the ability to subvert or skip client-side validation. Bypass testing has been developed to test the behavior of Web applications when client-side validation is skipped. This paper presents results from an industry case study of bypass testing applied to a project from Avaya Research Labs, NPP. The paper presents a process for designing, implementing, automating and developing bypass tests. The theory of bypass testing had to be adapted to the unique characteristics of NPP software, which represented a significant engineering challenge. The 184 tests that were generated resulted in 63 unique failures, providing significant experience and numerous lessons learned. The case study also revealed several difficult problems that need to be addressed in future research.
A Novel Endoscopic Catheter for “Laparoscopy-Like” Irrigation and Suction: Its Research and Development Process and Clinical Evaluation (2016)

The newly developed EIS catheter is safely used with satisfactory performance in flexible GI endoscopy.
More Irregular Eye Shape in Low Myopia Than in Emmetropia (2009)

A new setup is presented for obtaining continuous peripheral refraction profiles. It was found that the peripheral retinal shape is more irregular even in only moderately myopic eyes, perhaps because the sclera lost some rigidity even at the early stage of myopia.
Energy Efficient Alternatives to Halogen Torchieres (1998)

A series of novel energy efficient torchiere systems have been developed using compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). These systems were studied photometrically and compared with the performance of traditional commercially available tungsten halogen sources. Gonio-photometric data and power assessments indicate that significant lighting energy savings can be obtained by utilizing CFL sources instead of standard tungsten halogen sources. This energy savings is jointly due to the higher source efficacy of the CFLs and the surprisingly poor performance of the imported 300 Watt halogen lamps. Experimental data shows that a 50 to 60 Watt CFL will effectively lumen match a variety of 300 Watt tungsten halogen sources with 5 to 10 times the efficacy. CFL torchieres have additional benefits of higher power quality and cooler lamp operating temperature, making them safer fixtures.
Binding of Cbl to a Phospholipase Cγ1-docking Site on Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor β Provides a Dual Mechanism of Negative Regulation (2007)

Ubiquitin conjugation to receptor tyrosine kinases is a critical biochemical step in attenuating their signaling through lysosomal degradation. Our previous studies have established Cbl as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitinylation and degradation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and PDGFR. However, the role of endogenous Cbl in PDGFR regulation and the molecular mechanisms of this regulation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous Cbl is essential for ligand-induced ubiquitinylation and degradation of PDGFR; this involves the Cbl TKB domain binding to PDGFR phosphotyrosine 1021, a known phospholipase C (PLC) 1 SH2 domain-binding site. Lack of Cbl or ablation of the Cbl-binding site on PDGFR impedes receptor sorting to the lysosome. Cbl-deficient cells also show more PDGF-induced PLC1 association with PDGFR and enhanced PLC-mediated cell migration. Thus, Cbl-dependent negative regulation of PDGFR involves a dual mechanism that concurrently promotes ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal sorting of the receptor and competitively reduces the recruitment of a positive mediator of receptor signaling.
Framework and Research Methodology of Short-Timescale Pulsed Power Phenomena in High-Voltage and High-Power Converters (2008)

Various short-timescale transients exist in power electronic converters, particularly in high-voltage and high-power systems. The timescales of these transients are from nanoseconds to microseconds, including a switching transition of power semiconductor devices, commutating processes, and drive signal transmissions. These transient processes directly affect the performance and reliability of power electronic systems. Therefore, it is necessary to study these short-timescale processes. Based on two high-power prototype power converters, a 6000-V/1250-kW three-level adjustable-speed drive and a 10-kW/600-V DC-DC converter, this paper studies the various abnormal behaviors of the converters that occurred during the operation of these converters. Dead bands and accumulated switching errors are also investigated. A combined microscopic pulsed power and macroscopic control strategy was proposed for the design of power electronic converters. Three new concepts for power electronic converters are introduced and validated in this paper: (1) sneak pulse; (2) energy dead band; and (3) transient commutating topology.
Field observation on restraint effect of wire net matting as a countermeasure in soft ground (2013)

軟弱地盤上の盛土構築の際，盛土法尻の水平変位抑制対策として浅層混合処理工法やジオグリッドを用いた工法が多く採用されている。これに対して，筆者らは盛土材を2枚の敷金網で挟むことにより同様の効果が期待できると考えており，現在，そのメカニズムの究明や設計手法の提案に取り組んでいる。本文では，盛土時の水平変位増大に伴いサンドドレーン工が切断されてその効果を失うことを防止するため，盛土底面に2枚の敷金網を敷設して水平変位の低減を計った施工事例を報告するとともに，動態観測結果，敷金網の引張力測定結果などから，2枚の敷金網に挟まれた盛土の変形抑制効果について考察した。
Automated Deep Learning-based Multi-class Fluid Segmentation in Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Images (2020)

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the performance of a deep learning-based, fully automated, multi-class, macular fluid segmentation algorithm relative to expert annotations in a heterogeneous population of confirmed wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) subjects. Methods Twenty-two swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) volumes of the macula from 22 from different individuals with wAMD were manually annotated by two expert graders. These results were compared using cross-validation (CV) to automated segmentations using a deep learning-based algorithm encoding spatial information about retinal tissue as an additional input to the network. The algorithm detects and delineates fluid regions in the OCT data, differentiating between intra- and sub-retinal fluid (IRF, SRF), as well as fluid resulting from in serous pigment epithelial detachments (PED). Standard metrics for fluid detection and quantification were used to evaluate performance. Results The per slice receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curves (AUCs) for each of these fluid types were 0.90, 0.94 and 0.94 for IRF, SRF and PED, respectively. Per volume results were 0.94 and 0.88 for IRF and PED (SRF being present in all cases). The correlation of fluid volume between the expert graders and the algorithm were 0.99 for IRF, 0.99 for SRF and 0.82 for PED. Conclusions Automated, deep learning-based segmentation is able to accurately detect and quantify different macular fluid types in SS-OCT data on par with expert graders.
Subwavelength broadband splitters and switches for femtosecond plasmonic signals (2010)

Numerical simulations and an analytic approach based on transmission line theory are used to design splitters for nano-plasmonic signal processing that allow to arbitrarily adjust the ratio of transmission from an input into two different output arms. By adjusting the geometrical parameters of the structure, either a high bandwidth or a sharp transmission resonance is obtained. Switching between the two arms can be achieved by modulating the effective refractive index of the waveguide. Employing the instantaneous Kerr effect, switching rates in the THz regime are potentially feasible. The suggested devices are of interest for future applications in nanoplasmonic information processing.
A Scalable FPGA Implementation of Cellular Neural Networks for Gabor-type Filtering (2006)

We describe an implementation of Gabor-type filters on field programmable gate arrays using the cellular neural network (CNN) architecture. The CNN template depends upon the parameters (e.g., orientation, bandwidth) of the Gabor-type filter and can be modified at runtime so that the functionality of Gabor-type filter can be changed dynamically. Our implementation uses the Euler method to solve the ordinary differential equation describing the CNN. The design is scalable to allow for different pixel array sizes, as well as simultaneous computation of multiple filter outputs tuned to different orientations and bandwidths. For 1024 pixel frames, an implementation on a Xilinx Virtex XC2V1000-4 device uses 1842 slices, operates at 120 MHz and achieves 23,000 Euler iterations over one frame per second.
Synthesizing JIT Compilers for In-Kernel DSLs (2020)

Modern operating systems allow user-space applications to submit code for kernel execution through the use of in-kernel domain specific languages (DSLs). Applications use these DSLs to customize system policies and add new functionality. For performance, the kernel executes them via just-in-time (JIT) compilation. The correctness of these JITs is crucial for the security of the kernel: bugs in in-kernel JITs have led to numerous critical issues and patches. This paper presents JitSynth, the first tool for synthesizing verified JITs for in-kernel DSLs. JitSynth takes as input interpreters for the source DSL and the target instruction set architecture. Given these interpreters, and a mapping from source to target states, JitSynth synthesizes a verified JIT compiler from the source to the target. Our key idea is to formulate this synthesis problem as one of synthesizing a per-instruction compiler for abstract register machines. Our core technical contribution is a new compiler metasketch that enables JitSynth to efficiently explore the resulting synthesis search space. To evaluate JitSynth, we use it to synthesize a JIT from eBPF to RISC-V and compare to a recently developed Linux JIT. The synthesized JIT avoids all known bugs in the Linux JIT, with an average slowdown of $$1.82\times $$ in the performance of the generated code. We also use JitSynth to synthesize JITs for two additional source-target pairs. The results show that JitSynth offers a promising new way to develop verified JITs for in-kernel DSLs.
Transplantation of purified iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction (2017)

We conclude that iPSCs can effectively be differentiated into cardiomyocytes and genetically enriched to high purity. iPSC derived cardiomyocytes engraft within the myocardium of LAD-ligated mice and contribute to improve left ventricular function.
Abstract 14988: Involvement of Adventitial Vasa Vasorum and Sympathetic Nerves in Coronary Hyperconstricting Responses After Drug-eluting Stent Implantation in Pigs in vivo (2014)

Purpose: We have previously demonstrated that adventitial inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm in porcine models. The adventitia harbors a variety of components with potent modulation of vascular tone, including vasa vasorum (VV) and sympathetic nerve fibers (SNFs). We tested our hypothesis that adventitial VV and SNFs are involved in the pathogenesis of coronary hyperconstricting responses after DES implantation in pigs in vivo. Methods: We randomly implanted 3 different types of DES, sirolimus-eluting stents (SES, 1st generation DES), everolimus-eluting stents (EES, 2nd generation DES) and biolimus A9-eluting stents (BES, new generation DES), into the left porcine coronary arteries (n=12 each). After 1 month, coronary responses to intracoronary serotonin (10 and 100 μg/kg) were examined by coronary angiography. After euthanasia, stented vessels and untreated vessels (as controls) were harvested for immunohistochemistry of adventitial VV (von Willebrand factor, vWF) and SNFs (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH). Results: Coronary vasoconstricting responses to serotonin were significantly enhanced at the edges of the SES and the EES sites, associated with increased adventitial densities of VV (vWF) and SNFs (TH) as compared with the control sites and the BES edges (all P Conclusions: These results indicate that adventitial VV and SNFs may be involved in the pathogenesis of DES-induced coronary hyperconstricting responses, which are less pronounced with new generation BES.