gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The great expectations of smartphone traffic scheduling (2015)

Utilizing network traffic scheduling to improve the energy efficiency of smartphones has been studied extensively in the past few years. These studies usually take certain approaches and make some assumptions concerning traffic predictability, regardless of whether these assumptions hold or whether the approaches have been studied before. In this paper, we conduct an analysis of existing work to find common approaches and assumptions among the proposed solutions. We find out the following: 1. A large part of the solutions target a specific (single) application or category of applications, and do not schedule the whole traffic transmitted on the smartphone. 2. A common assumption is that network traffic for smart phones is predictable. The focus of our work is to test these assumptions against real-world data and analyze whether the approaches presented in the literature are feasible. By leveraging two data sets from NetSense, we make several major contributions: 1. We demonstrate clearly, based on a large dataset, that background apps are the largest energy consumers for smart phones. 2. although some traffic traces exhibit long-term trends, in general traffic from a single app or a user is not predictable in the short-term. 3. achieving energy savings is difficult by scheduling traffic only from a specific app, since multi-app scenarios are so prevalent on today's smartphones. We also pinpoint future directions for traffic scheduling schemes.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Secondary to Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition (Pseudogout) (1993)

A 62-year-old man demonstrated symptoms, signs, and radiographic evidence of lumbar spinal stenosis and intraoperative pathologic findings of tophaceous deposition in the ligamentum flavum. Although there have been reports of cervical calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition (CPPD) with neurologic compression, this report appears to be the first case of lumbar spinal stenosis secondary to CPPD. Cervical calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition should be added to the differential diagnosis of spinal stenosis.
Synthesis and Characterization of CdSe Nanorods Functionalized with Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (2007)

Nanorod−polymer composites consisting of intimately connected regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and CdSe nanorods hold promise for applications in photoactive devices. As phase separation typifies nanorod−polymer or nanoparticle−polymer composites, synthetic routes to chemically attach P3HT to CdSe nanorods are needed. In this study, arylbromide-functionalized CdSe nanorods were prepared by ligand exchange from conventional alkane-covered CdSe nanorods. Vinyl-terminated P3HT was then attached to the nanorod surface by Heck coupling with the arylbromide ligands. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the P3HT-functionalized CdSe nanorods showed excellent nanorod dispersion in the P3HT matrix, unlike that seen for alkane-covered nanorods in P3HT. Importantly, photoluminescence characterization performed on thin films of the P3HT-covered nanorods showed photoluminescence quenching of P3HT, making these hybrid materials good candidates for photovoltaic applications.
Hardness and Fracture Toughness of SiC‐Particle‐Reinforced MoSi <sub>2</sub> Composites (1991)

The indentation technique has been used to evaluate the hardness and fracture toughness of SiC‐reinforced MoSi 2 composites made by hot‐pressing. It is seen that the toughness increases with increasing indentation crack length (under increasing load) and a probable mechanism responsible for this behavior is described. It is also observed that there is an optimum volume fraction of SiC particles for which the maximum fracture toughness of the composite can be achieved.
Projected heat stress challenges and abatement opportunities for U.S. milk production (2019)

Cost-effective heat mitigation strategies are imperative for maintaining milk production and dairy farm profitability in the U.S. with projected climate change. This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of four heat abatement strategies, including Minimal (open barn or shading), Moderate (forced ventilation), High (fans and misting), and Intense (air conditioning). Heat stress and subsequent impacts on milk production per cow were predicted across nine climatic regions in the U.S. for early (2015 to 2034), mid (2045 to 2064) and late (2081 to 2100) 21st century, using downscaled climate projections. Heat abatements were used to adjust predicted milk production losses and illustrate the potential to reduce milk production losses due to heat stress. Economic analysis included a cost-benefit ratio calculation associated with the implementation of each heat abatement. Results showed that milk production losses were expected to accelerate across the U.S. at a mean rate of 174±7 kg/cow/decade, with the fastest rate in the Southeast region. Relative to Minimal heat abatement, Moderate, High, and Intense heat abatements increased annual milk production per cow by 3%, 4%, and 6% during early-21st century, 3%, 6%, and 11% during mid-21st century, and 3%, 8%, and 21% during late-21st century, respectively. The cost effectiveness of different heat abatement strategies generally increased with subsequently stronger heat abatements. In mid- and late-21st century, mean annual net values of High and Intense heat stress abatement implementation approached -$30 to $190 /cow and -$20 to $590 /cow, respectively, with the largest net annual benefit in late-21st century under Intense abatement. Findings from the study demonstrate the value of using downscaled climate projections to shed light on local and regional strategies to abate heat stress on cattle and mitigate potential milk production losses due to climate change.
Rapid and multiplex detection of Legionella's RNA using digital microfluidics (2015)

Despite recent advances in the miniaturization and automation of biosensors, technologies for on-site monitoring of environmental water are still at an early stage of development. Prevention of outbreaks caused by pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila would be facilitated by the development of sensitive and specific bioanalytical assays that can be easily integrated in miniaturized fluidic handling systems. In this work, we report on the integration of an amplification-free assay in digital microfluidics (DMF) for the detection of Legionella bacteria based on targeting 16s rRNA. We first review the design of the developed DMF devices, which provide the capability to store up to one hundred nL-size droplets simultaneously, and discuss the challenges involved with on-chip integration of the RNA-based assay. By optimizing the various steps of the assay, including magnetic capture, hybridization duration, washing steps, and assay temperature, a limit of detection as low as 1.8 attomoles of synthetic 16s rRNA was obtained, which compares advantageously to other amplification-free detection systems. Finally, we demonstrate the specificity of the developed assay by performing multiplex detection of 16s rRNAs from a pathogenic and a non-pathogenic species of Legionella. We believe the developed DMF devices combined with the proposed detection system offers new prospects for the deployment of rapid and cost-effective technologies for on-site monitoring of pathogenic bacteria.
Water Oxidation Catalysis via Size-Selected Iridium Clusters (2018)

The detailed mechanism and efficacy of four-electron electrochemical water oxidation depend critically upon the detailed atomic structure of each catalytic site, which are numerous and diverse in most metal oxides anodes. In order to limit the diversity of sites, arrays of discrete iridium clusters with identical metal atom number (Ir2, Ir4, or Ir8) were deposited in submonolayer coverage on conductive oxide supports, and the electrochemical properties and activity of each was evaluated. Exceptional electroactivity for the oxygen evolving reaction (OER) was observed for all cluster samples in acidic electrolyte. Reproducible cluster-size-dependent trends in redox behavior were also resolved. First-principles computational models of the individual discrete-size clusters allow correlation of catalytic-site structure and multiplicity with redox behavior.
UAV-based environmental monitoring using multi-spectral imaging (2010)

Monitoring the soil composition of agricultural land is important for maximizing crop-yields. Carinthian Tech Research, Schiebel GmbH and Quest Innovations B.V. have developed a multi-spectral imaging system that is able to simultaneously capture three visible and two near infrared channels. The system was mounted on a Schiebel CAMCOPTER<sup>&#174;</sup> S-100 UAV for data acquisition. Results show that the system is able to classify different land types and calculate vegetation indices.
High quality machining of non-metals with a picosecond laser (2009)

Using a commercial picosecond laser system, experiments were performed to cleanly machine non-metals and measure material removal rates. The laser was operated at 532 and 355 nm using a unique pulse format and a galvo scanner to translate the beam. The test materials include quartz, sapphire, alumina ceramic, polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon®) and silicon. The material removal is reported as both a depth per pass of the beam at a particular speed, and also a volumetric removal as a function of time. Scanning electron microscope pictures reveal the laser parameters that leave the sharpest edges, with minimal melt and debris.
Management: 3rd Asia-Pacific ed. (2007)

Reflecting the growing international importance of the Asian region to the multicultural societies of Australia and New Zealand, the third edition of this best-selling Australasian Introductory Management text includes a significant increase in the number of Asian case examples used to illustrate key concepts.
Interleukin 13 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 production in primary blood-derived human macrophages in vitro. (1993)

The mechanisms by which cellular immunity maintains the asymptomatic state after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are poorly understood. CD4+ T lymphocytes play a complex role in regulating anti-HIV effector pathways, including activation of macrophages, which are themselves implicated in clinical latency and pathogenesis of symptomatic acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We have found that a newly identified T helper type 2 lymphokine, interleukin 13 (IL-13), inhibits HIV-1ADA and Ba-L replication in primary tissue culture-derived macrophages but not in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Viral production in cells was measured by viral protein (p24) and reverse transcriptase levels, while entry was assessed by proviral DNA analysis at timed intervals after infection. Inhibition by IL-13 was dose and time dependent and not mediated through altered viral entry, reverse transcription, or viral release. IL-13 is therefore a candidate cytokine for the suppression of HIV infection within monocytes and macrophages in vivo.
[Hemorrhage from varices of an interposed jejunum after choledochojejunostomy successfully treated by transileocolic vein obliteration]. (2008)

A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with refractory gastrointestinal bleeding. He received extrahepatic bile duct resection, hepaticojejunostomy and pancreatojejunostomy for bile duct stenosis and pancreatic pseudocyst 6 approximately 8years ago. We revealed that the cause of shock state was bleeding from varices of an interposed jejunum and portal vein obstruction as a complication of these operations. He received transileocolic vein obliteration with coils. Refractory gastrointestinal bleeding stopped. We concluded that this obliteration was effective and useful treatment for this complication.
Design, docking, and evaluation of multiple libraries against multiple targets (2001)

We present a general approach to the design, docking, and virtual screening of multiple combinatorial libraries against a family of proteins. The method consists of three main stages: docking the scaffold, selecting the best substituents at each site of diversity, and comparing the resultant molecules within and between the libraries. The core "divide-and-conquer" algorithm for side-chain selection, developed from an earlier version (Sun et al., J Comp Aided Mol Design 1998;12:597-604), provides a way to explore large lists of substituents with linear rather than combinatorial time dependence. We have applied our method to three combinatorial libraries and three serine proteases: trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase. We show that the scaffold docking procedure, in conjunction with a novel vector-based orientation filter, reproduces crystallographic binding modes. In addition, the free-energy-based scoring procedure (Zou et al., J Am Chem Soc 1999;121:8033-8043) is able to reproduce experimental binding data for P1 mutants of macromolecular protease inhibitors. Finally, we show that our method discriminates between a peptide library and virtual libraries built on benzodiazepine and tetrahydroisoquinolinone scaffolds. Implications of the docking results for library design are explored.
Room-Temperature Pseudo-Solid-State Iron Fluoride Conversion Battery with High Ionic Conductivity (2022)

Li-metal batteries (LMBs) employing conversion cathode materials (e.g., FeF<sub>3</sub>) are a promising way to prepare inexpensive, environmentally friendly batteries with high energy density. Pseudo-solid-state ionogel separators harness the energy density and safety advantages of solid-state LMBs, while alleviating key drawbacks (e.g., poor ionic conductivity and high interfacial resistance). In this work, a pseudo-solid-state conversion battery (Li-FeF<sub>3</sub>) is presented that achieves stable, high rate (1.0 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>) cycling at room temperature. The batteries described herein contain gel-infiltrated FeF<sub>3</sub> cathodes prepared by exchanging the ionic liquid in a polymer ionogel with a localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE). The LHCE gel merges the benefits of a flexible separator (e.g., adaptation to conversion-related volume changes) with the excellent chemical stability and high ionic conductivity (∼2 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> at 25 °C) of an LHCE. The latter property is in contrast to previous solid-state iron fluoride batteries, where poor ionic conductivities necessitated elevated temperatures to realize practical power levels. The stable, room-temperature Li-FeF<sub>3</sub> cycling performance obtained with the LHCE gel at high current densities paves the way for exploring a range of architectures including flexible, three-dimensional, and custom shape batteries.
Parametric pressure-volume analysis and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of left ventricular function (2010)

Extensive research has been devoted to the quantification of left ventricular (LV) function via an elasticity metric known as elastance. Similar to a stress-strain relation, yielding stiffness, myocardial elastance is measured from the pressure-volume (PV) relation within the left ventricle. ARFI imaging has been shown to be capable of measuring myocardial stiffness changes through the cardiac cycle. As a result, a parametric analysis of ARFI imaging and the PV relation could provide additional insight into LV function and performance. The heart of a canine subject was imaged under an open chest preparation. Co-registered B-mode and M-mode ARFI imaging sequences were acquired while simultaneously recording LV pressures, and the global electrocardiogram (ECG). LV pressures were measured with a Millar Instruments pressure catheter, and LV volumes were extrapolated via semi-automatic segmentation of LV chambers within the acquired two-dimensional B-mode images. The resultant temporally registered plots were examined and compared. A parametric analysis between temporally registered LV pressure, LV volume, and ARFI-induced displacement curves related myocardial stiffness to the four phases of the cardiac cycle. The parametric plots of these data indicated that the changes in myocardial stiffness generally followed the changes in LV pressures, as ARFI-induced displacements fell during isovolumic contraction and rose during isovolumic relaxation. However, the plots also showed that ARFI-induced displacements continued to rise through all of filling, while LV pressures remained relatively constant.
Long-term penile incarceration by a metal ring resulting in urethral erosion and chronic lymphedema. (2004)

A patient presented with a metal ring around the base of his penis. The ring had been placed 3 years prior to presentation. Intra-operative findings revealed a ventral erosion with complete transection of the urethra and massive fixed lymphedema of the penile skin distal to the ring. Treatment consisted of removal of the ring with metal shears and bolt cutters. Small reduction of the edema was seen 3 months following removal, and the patient refused further treatment. The most interesting part of the outcome was the preservation of penile urethral voiding although intromission was not possible.
Controlled Generation of Single Microbubble at Solid Surfaces by a Nanosecond Pressure Pulse (2014)

Optical excitation of a carbon nanotube composite is used to produce a high-amplitude, nanosecond-long pressure pulse, thus generating a single microbubble with high spatial accuracy. The resulting tightly focused pressure gradient yields a deterministic nucleation process that is independent of surface heterogeneities that typically induce nucleation. This allows for applications such as selective surface modification for functional materials as well as improved ``histotripsy'': cell-level microsurgery for cancer or tissue dysplasias.
Approximate full diversity linear equalizers for doubly selective channels (2009)

It is known that linear minimum mean square error zeroforcing (MMSE-ZF) equalization can achieve full joint multipath-Doppler diversity offered by doubly selective channels [1] when appropriate precoding is applied at the transmitter. However, brute force implementation MMSE-ZF equalizer involves a matrix inversion operation that results in significant computational burden. In order to alleviate this problem, first an iterative implementation of MMSE-ZF equalizer based on polynomial expansion (PE) approximation is proposed. Then, the structure of a matrix involved in this approximation is exploited to reduce the computational complexity of the PE approximation. Simulation results are provided to show that while this approach reduces the computational complexity compared to the brute-force implementation of the MMSE-ZF equalizer, it does not effect the diversity order. 1.
STRUCTURAL MODIFICATION EFFECTS ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF AN AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR (1998)

Even during normal operation, agricultural machines are exposed to a number of disturbances that cangenerate excessive vibration levels. The disturbances originate from soil roughness in combination with driving speed or from rotating elements within the machine. Machine vibrations may be uncomfortable to the driver. Vibrations may affect the manual or automatic controls and reduce the efficiency of the operations to be carried out such as field spraying and tillage. In this article, the dynamic behavior of a tractor is studied and the effects of possible structural modifications on its dynamic behavior are examined.Using the experimental modal analysis technique, a modal model is derived (with a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.90 to 0.95 of the measured values) that contains the eigenfrequencies and mode shapes of the machine. It is applied to predict the structural behavior of the machine under a set of excitation conditions. A frequency sensitivity analysis on the modal model gives information about the most critical locations on the structure with respect to local parameter changes. In a later stage, this is used to predict frequency shifts owing to structural modifications like localstiffness and inertia changes.
Chryseobacterium edaphi sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium gilvum sp. nov., isolated from soil (2023)

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow and rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains PBS4-4<sup>T</sup> and GMJ5<sup>T</sup>, were isolated from soil samples collected in Goyang-si and Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Strains PBS4-4<sup>T</sup> and GMJ5<sup>T</sup> were both positive for catalase and oxidase. Strain PBS4-4<sup>T</sup> grew at 15-37 °C and pH 5.0-12.0. Strain GMJ5<sup>T</sup> grew at 15-37 °C and pH 5.0-11.0. Neither strain required NaCl for growth. 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that strains PBS4-4<sup>T</sup> and GMJ5<sup>T</sup> form a closely related cluster with the genus <i>Chryseobacterium</i>. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain PBS4-4<sup>T</sup> and its closely related strains were 79.4-84.5% and 23.2-28.7 %, respectively. For GMJ5<sup>T</sup>, the values were 78.3-79.3% and 22.0-22.6 %, respectively. The major fatty acids shared by both novel strains were iso-C<sub>15 : 0</sub> and summed feature 3 (C<sub>16 : 1</sub> <i>ω</i>7<i>c</i>/C<sub>16 : 1</sub> <i>ω</i>6<i>c</i>). Strain GMJ5<sup>T</sup> had one other major fatty acid: iso-C<sub>17 : 0</sub> 3OH. Based on phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic results, strains PBS4-4<sup>T</sup> and GMJ5<sup>T</sup> represent novel species within the genus <i>Chryseobacterium</i>, and the names <i>Chryseobacterium edaphi</i> sp. nov. and <i>Chryseobacterium gilvum</i> sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of <i>C. edaphi</i> is PBS4-4<sup>T</sup> (=KACC 22882<sup>T</sup>=TBRC 17052<sup>T</sup>) and the type strain of <i>C. gilvum</i> is GMJ5<sup>T</sup> (=KACC 22883<sup>T</sup>=TBRC 17053<sup>T</sup>).
Environmental and Genetic Determinants of Tobacco Use (2003)

This article describes the ongoing collaborative effort of six research teams to operationalize and execute an integrative approach to the study of gene × environment interactions in the development of tobacco dependence. At the core of the project is a longitudinal investigation of social and behavioral risk factors for tobacco use in individuals who were, on average, 13 years of age at intake and for whom smoking outcomes extending from early adolescence to young adulthood have been characterized previously (current average age of the cohort is 29 years). The conceptual framework for the integrative approach and the longitudinal investigation on which the study is based is presented. A description is also provided of the methods used to: ( a ) recruit participants and families to provide DNA samples and information on tobacco use; ( b ) assess participants for relevant tobacco-related phenotypes including smoking history, current use of tobacco, and nicotine metabolism; ( c ) assess the quality of the DNA samples collected from participants for genome-wide scanning and candidate gene analysis; ( d ) examine several research questions concerning the role of genetic and environmental factors in the onset and maintenance of tobacco use; and ( e ) ensure adherence to local and federal guidelines for ethical and legal investigations of genotypic associations with tobacco-related phenotypes in families. This investigation is unique among ongoing studies of the genetics of tobacco dependence in the extent to which equal importance has been assigned to both phenotypic and genotypic measurements.
Catalytic double hydroarylation of alkynes to 9,9-disubstituted 9,10-dihydroacridine derivatives by an electrophilic phenoxyphosphonium dication (2017)

The electrophilic pyridinium-substituted phenoxy-phosphonium dicationic salt [(PhO)P(2-(N-Mepy))Ph<sub>2</sub>][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub>, is shown to be an effective catalyst for the double hydroarylation of alkynes with diarylamines to afford a series of 9-methyl-9-aryl-9,10-dihydroacridine and 9,10-dimethyl-9-aryl-9,10-dihydroacridine derivatives.