gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Demand Dynamic Chirality Selection in Flower Corolla-like Micropillar Arrays (2022)

Chiral morphology has been intensively studied in various fields including biology, organic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and optics. On-demand and dynamic chiral inversion not only cannot be realized in most intrinsically chiral materials but also has mostly been limited to chemical or light-induced methods. Herein, we report reversible real-time magneto-mechanical chiral inversion of a three-dimensional (3D) micropillar array between achiral, clockwise, and counterclockwise chiral arrangements. Inspired by the flower corolla, achiral arrays of five and six radially arranged semicylindrical micropillars were employed as model systems to investigate the dynamic symmetry properties of arrays consisting of odd and even numbers of micropillars, respectively. Each micropillar underwent twisting actuation with a different twisting angle depending on the angle with the magnetic field direction and magnetic flux density, thereby collectively changing the chirality from the achiral to chiral state. Importantly, the morphological handedness of the micropillars was inverted within a few seconds by manipulating the direction of the magnetic field. A chiral morphology consisting of magnetically twisted micropillars was shape-fixed by the introduction of a polymeric binder. This binder could be simply washed off to return the shape-fixed twisted micropillars to their initial straight state. Magnetically programmable and reproducible 3D flower corolla-like micropillar arrays are expected to expand the potential of shape-reconfigurable devices that require real-time chiral manipulation in ambient environments.
Tick-borne viruses (2004)

At least 38 viral species are transmitted by ticks. Virus-tick-vertebrate host relationships are highly specific and less than 10% of all tick species (Argasidae and Ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. However, a few tick species transmit several (e.g. Ixodes ricinus, Amblyomma variegatum) or many (I. uriae) tick-borne viruses. Tick-borne viruses are found in six different virus families (Asfarviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae) and at least 9 genera. Some as yet unassigned tick-borne viruses may belong to a seventh family, the Arenaviridae. With only one exception (African swine fever virus, family Asfarviridae) all tick-borne viruses (as well as all other arboviruses) are RNA viruses. Tick-borne viruses are found in all the RNA virus families in which insect-borne members are found, with the exception of the family Togaviridae. Some tick-borne viruses pose a significant threat to the health of humans (Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) or livestock (African swine fever virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus). Key challenges are to determine the molecular adaptations that allow tick-borne viruses to infect and replicate in both tick and vertebrate cells, and to identify the principal ecological determinants of tick-borne virus survival.
Water-soluble cyclodiphosphazanes: synthesis, gold(i) metal complexes and their in vitro antitumor studies (2008)

The newly synthesized water-soluble cyclodiphosphazane ligands and their gold(I) complexes inhibit HeLa cell proliferation by activating p53 protein and inducing apoptosis.
Vector Competence of &lt;I&gt;Aedes aegypti, Culex sitiens, Culex annulirostris,&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Culex quinquefasciatus&lt;/I&gt; (Diptera: Culicidae) for Barmah Forest Virus (2000)

Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex sitiens Weidemann, Culex annulirostris Skuse, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say mosquitoes colonized at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane Australia, were fed on blood containing Barmah Forest virus (BF). Only Cx. annulirostris was susceptible to infection, with a median cell culture infectious dose (CCID50) of 10(3.36) per mosquito. Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were infected experimentally, but at rates of < 9%. Cx. sitiens did not become infected. Infection rates for Cx. annulirostris fed 10(3.5) CCID50 of virus per mosquito, varied from 9 to 50% between 2 and 13 d after infection. Virus transmission to suckling mice by Cx. annulirostris occurred from 2 d after infection. Transmission of BF virus by Cx. annulirostris was 10% at 2 d after infection and did not exceed 8% thereafter. Although Cx. annulirostris may be infected and is able to transmit BF virus to suckling mice, it is nonetheless a relatively inefficient vector of the virus.
Biobanking for COVID-19 research (2021)

Having a solid research infrastructure already in place, along with flexibility and adaptability to new requirements, allowed for the quick building of a COVID-19 biobank that will help expand and share the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2.
A novel pathological finding, "BABA", for a prognostic factor in oral tongue carcinoma. (2023)

92 Background: Oral tongue carcinoma is one of the cancers with poor prognosis. The UICC staging classification is commonly used to predict outcomes and to select the treatments, although there are cases where cancer relapse early despite being at the same Stages, indicating a need for additional prognostic factors to predict patient outcomes accurately. Recent advances in RNA sequencing of tumor and immune cells, as well as elucidation of the tumor microenvironment, have enabled the identification of many genes associated with recurrence risk and immunosuppressive environment around the tumor, which essential for precision treatment of the patients with high risks of recurrence. However pathological findings remain the first step in selecting samples with a high risk of recurrence for further analysis of RNA sequencing or the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we identified a novel pathological feature named as “BABA” (Broadening Amoeboid Behavior of Advanced tumor cells) that appears around the invasive front of tumors. It describes the way in which cancer cells progress like amoeba between muscle fibers and affect the prognosis of oral tongue carcinoma, making it a potential factor for the future analysis of next-generation sequencing or tumor microenvironment. Methods: Patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgery were recruited, excluding those who had received salvage treatment for recurrence, those with simultaneous occurrence of carcinoma, those who had undergone palliative therapy, postoperative therapy, or those who lacked any pathological findings. Survival analyses for existing pathological findings, such as pT (pathological primary stage), pN (pathological nodal stage), ENE (extra nodal extension) status, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, perineural extension, margin status, WPOI (worst pattern of invasion) and BABA were conducted. Results: A total number of 211 patients were analyzed in this study. Patients with positive for BABA had a two-year overall survival rate and recurrence-free survival rate of 0.78(p=0.02) and 0.39 (p&lt;0.001), respectively, according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. In the multivariate analysis for overall survival using Cox regression model, venous invasion and pN ≥1 were significant prognostic factors, with HR (95%CI) of 3.0 (1.5-6.3) and 2.4 (1.2-4.5), respectively. In the multivariate analysis for recurrence free survival using Cox regression model, positive for lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, BABA, pN ≥1 were significant factors, with HR (95%CI) of 2.1 (1.2-3.6), 2.0 (1.1-3.4), 2.2 (1.3-3.7) and 2.0 (1.2-3.6), respectively. Conclusions: BABA is the novel risk factor for recurrence in oral tongue carcinoma. Identifying BABA could help clinicians better predict recurrence and develop more personalized treatment strategies.
Abstract 087: Hepatic Sortilin Regulates Apolipoprotein B Secretion only Under Conditions of Secretory StressDependent of the Presence of Secretory Stress (2018)

SORT1 is strongly associated with plasma lipid traits and coronary artery disease. The protein it encodes, sortilin is a multi-ligand receptor involved in trafficking of proteins from the Golgi to the lysosome. Hepatic sortilin overexpression reduces VLDL secretion, but the effects of loss of sortilin function on apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) and VLDL secretion have been contradictory and perplexing. Conflicting studies have variously reported increased and decreased apoB/VLDL secretion in response to loss of sortilin, but used a variety of different models and methods of ablating sortilin function. To resolve this, we first measured VLDL secretion in Sort1 knockout (KO) mice on a chow diet and observed no differences in either apoB or TG secretion. ApoB secretion was similarly unaffected in Sort1 KO primary hepatocytes or in McA-RH7777 cells treated with siRNA to knockdown sortilin. We concluded that in a basal secretory state, loss of sortilin alone does not impact apoB secretion, leading us to test if differences in secretory state might explain the discrepancies in published results. We found that when hAPOB was overexpressed, Sort1 knockdown further increased its secretion. The reports of increased VLDL secretion with Sort1 knockout occurred with apoB overexpression, or on high fat diet (HFD); consistent with our hypothesis that secretory overload or metabolic stress are required to uncover the deficiency phenotype. We placed Sort1 KO mice on a 45% HFD for 12 weeks and observed a significant increase in VLDL secretion compared to controls. In addition, when we lipid-loaded hepatocytes with oleic acid or palmitic acid, apoB secretion was increased, and Sort1 knockdown further increased this compared to control. We treated cells with Tunicamycin to induce ER stress, and found that apoB secretion was decreased in the control group was observed, but not in the absence of Sort1, suggesting that sortilin regulates apoB secretion the cell is stressed. Based on these data, we propose that hepatic sortilin regulates the post-ER fate of apoB for either degradation or export; thereby coordinating intracellular apoB metabolism in response to the number and quality of apoB particles that reach the Golgi, and the level of post-ER pre-secretory proteolysis activity.
Science oder Fiction? (2017)

Stanislaw Lem ist vor allem als Science-Fiction-Autor bekannt. Sein Werk ist jedoch sehr vielgestaltig und lässt sich nicht eindeutig einer Gattung zuordnen. Literatur, Wissenschaft und Philosophie verbindend, spielte Lem häufig mit den literarischen Konventionen. Seine Romane, Erzählungen und Essays zielen weniger darauf ab, die Leser mit dystopischen Zukunftsszenarien zu fesseln, sondern sie versuchen Wirkungszusammenhänge zwischen Kultur, Technik und Wissenschaft in Gedankenexperimenten auszuloten und die Auseinandersetzung mit fremden Zivilisationen exemplarisch durchzuspielen. Die in diesem Band versammelten Aufsätze fragen daher nach den möglichen Konnotationen zwischen Lems Erzählprinzipien und den wissenschaftlichen Konzeptionen, die in diesen Texten verhandelt werden.
Second virial coefficients of dipolar hard spheres (2010)

An asymptotic formula is reported for the second virial coefficient B(2) of a dipolar hard-sphere (DHS) fluid, in zero external field, for strongly coupled dipolar interactions. This simple formula, together with the one for the weak-coupling B(2), provides an accurate prediction of the second virial coefficient for a wide range of dipole moments, including those that are experimentally accessible in magnetite ferrofluids. The weak-coupling B(2) also yields an estimate of the magnetic moment minimally needed for isotropic gas-liquid phase-separation, if any, in the DHS fluid.
Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity with Off-Label Oral-Treatment Doses of Voriconazole for Invasive Fungal Infections (2010)

The approved treatment dose of intravenous voriconazole is a weight-based dose of 4 mg/kg of body weight twice daily; the approved oral dosing is fixed at 200 mg twice daily. In our institution, patients frequently receive oral high-dose voriconazole at 4 mg/kg twice daily. It is unknown if higher doses are associated with increased hepatotoxicity. A retrospective cohort study of patients treated with oral voriconazole for presumed invasive fungal infection for ≥7 days was completed. Patients receiving a fixed dose (i.e., labeled dose) were frequency matched and compared to those receiving a weight-based dose (i.e., high dose). The primary endpoint of hepatotoxicity was evaluated by using NCI Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) and components of liver enzymes measuring >3× the upper limit of normal (ULN) and >5× baseline measurements. Secondary endpoints included an incidence of other adverse drug events. Twenty-five labeled-dose and 84 high-dose voriconazole patients were studied. Liver enzyme abnormalities were similar between groups, with the exception of labeled-dose patients experiencing more alkaline phosphatase (ALP) CTC >2× the baseline (P = 0.02) and ALP levels >3× the ULN (P = 0.02). Treatment with high dose was associated with the discontinuation of voriconazole for practitioner attribution of adverse drug events (P = 0.03), although reasons varied and no commonality of biomarker abnormality was identified. Multivariate analysis revealed that the duration of therapy and higher mg/kg total daily doses as interval variables were predictive of some hepatotoxicity outcomes. No difference existed in liver abnormalities for high-dose voriconazole; however, higher mg/kg doses and a longer duration of therapy may be associated with hepatotoxicity.
Genetic Studies of Metabolomics Change After a Liquid Meal Illuminate Novel Pathways for Glucose and Lipid Metabolism (2021)

Humans spend the greater part of the day in a postprandial state. However, the genetic basis of postprandial blood measures is relatively uncharted territory. We examined the genetics of variation in concentrations of postprandial metabolites (<i>t</i> = 150 min) in response to a liquid mixed meal through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study (<i>n</i> = 5,705). The metabolite response GWAS identified an association between glucose change and rs10830963:G in the melatonin receptor 1B (β [SE] -0.23 [0.03], <i>P</i> = 2.15 × 10<sup>-19</sup>). In addition, the <i>ANKRD55</i> locus led by rs458741:C showed strong associations with extremely large VLDL (XXLVLDL) particle response (XXLVLDL total cholesterol: β [SE] 0.17 [0.03], <i>P</i> = 5.76 × 10<sup>-10</sup>; XXLVLDL cholesterol ester: β [SE] 0.17 [0.03], <i>P</i> = 9.74 × 10<sup>-10</sup>), which also revealed strong associations with body composition and diabetes in the UK Biobank (<i>P</i> < 5 × 10<sup>-8</sup>). Furthermore, the associations between XXLVLDL response and insulinogenic index, HOMA-β, Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, and HbA<sub>1c</sub> in the NEO study implied the role of chylomicron synthesis in diabetes (with false discovery rate-corrected <i>q</i> <0.05). To conclude, genetic studies of metabolomics change after a liquid meal illuminate novel pathways for glucose and lipid metabolism. Further studies are warranted to corroborate biological pathways of the <i>ANKRD55</i> locus underlying diabetes.
Effects of Temperature, Humidity and Air Flow on Fungal Growth Rate on Loaded Ventilation Filters (2015)

This study compares the fungal growth ratio on loaded ventilation filters under various temperature, relative humidity (RH), and air flow conditions in a controlled laboratory setting. A new full-size commercial building ventilation filter was loaded with malt extract nutrients and conidia of Cladosporium sphaerospermum in an ASHRAE Standard 52.2 filter test facility. Small sections cut from this filter were incubated under the following conditions: constant room temperature and a high RH of 97%; sinusoidal temperature (with an amplitude of 10°C, an average of 23°C, and a period of 24 hr) and a mean RH of 97%; room temperature and step changes between 97% and 75% RH, 97% and 43% RH, and 97% and 11% RH every 12 hr. The biomass on the filter sections was measured using both an elution-culture method and by ergosterol assay immediately after loading and every 2 days up to 10 days after loading. Fungal growth was detected earlier using ergosterol content than with the elution-culture method. A student's t-test indicated that Cladosporium sphaerospermum grew better at the constant room temperature condition than at the sinusoidal temperature condition. By part-time exposure to dry environments, the fungal growth was reduced (75% and 43% RH) or even inhibited (11% RH). Additional loaded filters were installed in the wind tunnel at room temperature and an RH greater than 95% under one of two air flow test conditions: continuous air flow or air flow only 9 hr/day with a flow rate of 0.7 m(3)/s (filter media velocity 0.15 m/s). Swab tests and a tease mount method were used to detect fungal growth on the filters at day 0, 5, and 10. Fungal growth was detected for both test conditions, which indicates that when temperature and relative humidity are optimum, controlling the air flow alone cannot prevent fungal growth. In real applications where nutrients are less sufficient than in this laboratory study, fungal growth rate may be reduced under the same operating conditions.
Association of CTLA-4 Gene Variants with Response to Therapy and Long-term Survival in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated with Ipilimumab: An Italian Melanoma Intergroup Study (2017)

Ipilimumab (IPI) blocks CTLA-4 immune checkpoint resulting in T cell activation and enhanced antitumor immunity. IPI improves overall survival (OS) in 22% of patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). We investigated the association of CTLA-4 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with best overall response (BOR) to IPI and OS in a cohort of 173 MM patients. Patients were genotyped for six CTLA-4 SNVs (-1661A>G, -1577G>A, -658C>T, -319C>T, +49A>G, and CT60G>A). We assessed the association between SNVs and BOR through multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and the prognostic effect of SNVs on OS through Kaplan-Meier method. Both -1577G>A and CT60G>A SNVs were found significantly associated with BOR. In particular, the proportion of responders was higher in G/G genotype while that of stable patients was higher in A/A genotype. The frequency of patients experiencing progression was similar in all genotypes. MLR evidenced a strong downward trend in the probability of responsiveness/progression, in comparison to disease stability, as a function of the allele A "dose" (0, 1, or 2) in both SNVs with reductions of about 70% (G/A vs G/G) and about 95% (A/A vs G/G). Moreover, -1577G/G and CT60G/G genotypes were associated with long-term OS, the surviving patients being at 3 years 29.8 and 30.8%, respectively, as compared to 12.9 and 14.4% of surviving patients carrying -1577G/A and CT60G/A, respectively. MM patients carrying -1577G/G or CT60G/G genotypes may benefit from IPI treatment in terms of BOR and long-term OS. These CTLA-4 SNVs may serve as potential biomarkers predictive of favorable outcome in this subset of patients.
Numerical Analysis of Transient Response in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Considering Gas/Liquid Two Phase Flow (2007)

It is important to elucidate the transient characteristics of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), because it may be operated at a wide range of loads, and may have frequent starts and stops. In these unsteady conditions, the water management problem such as the flooding in cell and the drying of proton exchange membrane (PEM) tends to occur and degrades the performance of PEMFC. Based on these issues, a two dimensional, two-phase and transient numerical simulator for unit-PEMFC has been developed to study the transient characteristics of PEMFC. As for the gas/ liquid two-phase flow formulation in GDL, multiphase mixture model have been employed. In this study, we derived four time constants, which characterize the transient response of PEMFC. In addition, we numerically simulated the transient response of PEMFC to step-wise change of load current from 0.5 to 1.0 A/cm2 and succeeded to explain the transient response of cell voltage (Vcell) by the four time constants. The results show that, just after the change of current, Vcell decreases by IR resistance in a moment, and then decreases in 10-1 s time-scale by the re-distribution of oxygen gas and by the charge of electric double layer capacitor. Then Vcell increases slightly in 101 s timescale by wetting of PEM. Finally, Vcell decreases again in 102 s time-scale by the development of liquid saturation in GDL.
Graphitic‐Carbon Layers on Oxides: Toward Stable Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biomass Conversion Reactions (2015)

Abstract Conversion of biomass‐derived molecules involves catalytic reactions under harsh conditions in the liquid phase (e.g., temperatures of 250 °C and possibly under either acidic or basic conditions). Conventional oxide‐supported catalysts undergo pore structure collapse and surface area reduction leading to deactivation under these conditions. Here we demonstrate an approach to deposit graphitic carbon to protect the oxide surface. The heterogeneous catalysts supported on the graphitic carbon/oxide composite exhibit excellent stability (even under acidic conditions) for biomass conversion reactions.
Caracterização de células solares de filmes finos de CIGS (2018)

RESUMO A energia solar fotovoltaica é atualmente um mercado consolidado. Entre 2010-2016, a taxa de crescimento global de instalações fotovoltaicas foi de 40%, um crescimento dificilmente alcançado por outros segmentos da indústria tecnológica. Células solares de silício responderam por 94% do mercado em 2016, enquanto a parcela referente aos filmes finos foi de 6%. Um dos materiais empregados no segmento fotovoltaico de filmes finos é o disseleneto de cobre índio e gálio (CIGS). Este trabalho apresenta os primeiros resultados de um programa colaborativo entre o Instituto Militar de Engenharia e o Florida Solar Energy Center, que visa à fabricação de células fotovoltaicas de CIGS. Os dispositivos com a configuração vidro/Mo/CIGS/CdS/ZnO/ZnO:Al/metal foram fabricados no Florida Solar Energy Center e caracterizados no Instituto Militar de Engenharia, a partir das medidas de resposta espectral e dos parâmetros fotovoltaicos extraídos das curvas corrente-tensão. A maior eficiência alcançada foi 3,8%. Os resultados mostraram que a eficiência foi basicamente limitada pelo fator de forma e pela tensão de circuito aberto. Resistências em série e paralelo foram responsáveis pelo baixo valor de FF, enquanto que a ausência do tratamento pós-deposição na presença de metais alcalinos e a quantidade de gálio insuficiente foi responsável pelo baixo Voc. Os resultados também sugerem variações na espessura da camada de CdS, causadas provavelmente pela agitação excessiva da solução precursora durante a deposição por banho químico.