gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelial-specific deficiency of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C promotes vessel normalisation in proliferative retinopathy (2015)

In proliferative retinopathies, like proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the hypoxia response is sustained by the failure of the retina to revascularise its ischaemic areas. Non-resolving retina ischaemia/hypoxia results in upregulation of pro-angiogenic factors and pathologic neovascularisation with ectopic, fragile neovessels. Promoting revascularisation of the retinal avascular area could interfere with this vicious cycle and lead to vessel normalisation. Here, we examined the function of endothelial junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) in the context of ROP. Endothelial-specific JAM-C-deficient (EC-JAM-C KO) mice and littermate JAM-C-proficient (EC-JAM-C WT) mice were subjected to the ROP model. An increase in total retinal vascularisation was found at p17 owing to endothelial JAM-C deficiency, which was the result of enhanced revascularisation and vessel normalisation, thereby leading to significantly reduced avascular area in EC-JAM-C KO mice. In contrast, pathologic neovessel formation was not affected by endothelial JAM-C deficiency. Consistent with improved vessel normalisation, tip cell formation at the interface between vascular and avascular area was higher in EC-JAM-C KO mice, as compared to their littermate controls. Consistently, JAM-C inactivation in endothelial cells resulted in increased spreading on fibronectin and enhanced sprouting in vitro in a manner dependent on β1-integrin and on the activation of the small GTPase RAP1. Together, endothelial deletion of JAM-C promoted endothelial cell sprouting, and consequently vessel normalisation and revascularisation of the hypoxic retina without altering pathologic neovascularisation. Thus, targeting endothelial JAM-C may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for promoting revascularisation and vessel normalisation in the treatment of proliferative retinopathies.
Effect of Water Hydrogen Bonding on the Solvent-Mediated “Oscillatory” Repulsion of C<sub>60</sub> Fullerenes in Water (2015)

The solvent-mediated interaction of C60 fullerenes in liquid water is examined by using the combination of the probabilistic hydrogen bond model with the density functional theory. This combination allows one to take into account the effect of hydrogen bonding between water molecules on their interaction with fullerenes and to construct an approximation for the distribution of water molecules in the system, which provides an efficient foundation for studying hydrophobic phenomena. Our numerical evaluations predict the solvent-induced interaction of two C60 fullerenes in water at 293 K to have an oscillatory-repulsive character (previously observed in molecular dynamics simulations) only when the vicinal water-water hydrogen bonds are slightly weaker than bulk ones. Besides indicating the direction of the energetic alteration of water-water hydrogen bonds near C60 fullerenes, our model also suggests that the hydrogen bonding ability of water plays a defining role in the solvent-mediated C60-C60 repulsion.
The Influence of Natural Pulmonary Surfactant on The Efficacy of siRNA-Loaded Dextran Nanogels (2013)

Aim: Topical administration of siRNA nanocarriers is a promising approach in the treatment of pulmonary disorders. Pulmonary surfactant, covering the entire alveolar surface of mammalian lungs, will be one of the first interfaces that siRNA nanocarriers encounter upon inhalation therapy. Therefore, it is of outstanding importance to evaluate the impact of pulmonary surfactant on the performance of siRNA nanocarriers. Materials & methods: The effect of natural lung-derived surfactants on the siRNA delivery capacity of dextran nanogels (DEX-NGs) was evaluated in vitro using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results: Although the interaction with pulmonary surfactant decreases the cellular internalization of siRNA-loaded DEX-NGs significantly, the gene silencing potential of siRNA-loaded DEX-NGs was maintained. On the other hand, cationic lipid-based siRNA nanocarriers (Lipofectamine™ RNAiMAX) were incompatible with pulmonary surfactants. Conclusion: Our data suggest that pulmonary surfactant can enhance the intracellular siRNA delivery by DEX-NGs, thereby possibly providing new therapeutic opportunities. Original submitted 18 April 2012; Revised submitted 14 September 2012; Published online 18 February 2013
41.2: Evaluation on the Colorfulness of Displays (2013)

Abstract We evaluated the difference in color performance between displays for various maximum luminances of white and various NTSC gamut area ratios. Our results and analyses indicated that either the colorfulness index or the product of the power functions of the maximum luminance of white and the NTSC gamut area ratios or metric chroma could predict the colorfulness of images on displays.
Crystal structure of pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase from<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>in complex with imidazole and sulfate (2018)

Pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of thymidine and uridine with equal activity. Investigation of this protein is essential for anticancer drug design. Here, the structure of this protein from Bacillus subtilis in complex with imidazole and sulfate is reported at 1.9 Å resolution, which is an improvement on the previously reported structure at 2.6 Å resolution. The localization and position of imidazole in the nucleoside-binding site reflects the possible binding of ligands that possess an imidazole ring.
The Association of Modifiable Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Somatic Genomic Alterations in Breast Tumors: The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2020)

This study demonstrates a link between modifiable breast cancer risk factors and tumor genomic alterations.
Carbogen Inspiration Enhances Hemodynamic Contrast in the Cancerous Breast (2012)

We have explored the vascular response of the breast to inspiration of Carbogen. Results show greater changes in vasoconstriction and HbSat in the tumor-bearing breast compared to the healthy contralateral breast of the same patient.
Stress measurement using critically refracted longitudinal waves (2000)

Critically refracted longitudinal waves (LCR) offer considerable advantage in achieving nondestructive measurement of stress in engineering components and structures. Of the various wave types, the LCR is most sensitive to stress and least sensitive to texture. Also called the surface skimming longitudinal wave (SSLW), the LCR wave skims along just underneath the surface of a material at bulk wave speeds. Further, there is experimental evidence of frequency dependence where the higher frequencies concentrate their energy more toward the surface than do the lower frequency waves. This effect, which has not been fully explained theoretically, enables stress gradient evaluation below the surface. Further, there is observed scatter in the travel times found at low stress levels. At higher levels of stress, the data often become very linear. The specific nature of the LCR wave, acoustoelasticity, LCR probes and beam patterns, and methods for its excitation, are described. Probe frequencies from 1.0 to 20 MHz have been used. System travel-time repeatability is 0.01% or better and stress resolution of ±21 MPa (3 ksi) is obtained in typical applications. Tests showing the frequency dependence and the scatter observed at low levels will be discussed. Several applications described using the LCR technique for stress measurements include pressure vessels, piping, welds, titanium turbine engine blades, aluminum plate and a turbine rotor. Future applications and research using the technique will be mentioned.
Combined system synthesis and communication architecture exploration for MPSoCs (2009)

A novel design space exploration approach is proposed that enables a concurrent optimization of the topology, the process binding, and the communication routing of a system. Given an application model written in SystemC TLM 2.0, the proposed approach performs a fully automatic optimization by a simultaneous resource allocation, task binding, data mapping, and transaction routing for MPSoC platforms. To cope with the huge complexity of the design space, a transformation of the transaction level model to a graph-based model and symbolic representation that allows multi-objective optimization is presented. Results from optimizing a Motion-JPEG decoder illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
BIMG-13. A NOVEL RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL ([18F]DASA-23) TO MONITOR PYRUVATE KINASE M2 INDUCED GLYCOLYTIC REPROGRAMMING IN GLIOBLASTOMA (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, a key process of cancer metabolism. PKM2 is preferentially expressed by glioblastoma (GBM) cells with minimal expression in healthy brain, making it an important biomarker of cancer glycolytic re-programming. We describe the bench-to-bedside development, validation, and translation of a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to study PKM2 in GBM. Specifically, we evaluated 1-((2-fluoro-6-[18F]fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)piperazine ([18F]DASA-23) in cell culture, mouse models of GBM, healthy human volunteers, and GBM patients. METHODS [18F]DASA-23 was synthesized with a molar activity of 100.47 ± 29.58 GBq/µmol and radiochemical purity &amp;gt;95%. We performed initial testing of [18F]DASA-23 in GBM cell culture and human GBM xenografts implanted orthotopically into mice. Next we produced [18F]DASA-23 under current Good Manufacturing Practices United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight, and evaluated it in healthy volunteers and a pilot cohort of patients with gliomas. RESULTS In mouse imaging studies, [18F]DASA-23 clearly delineated the U87 GBM from the surrounding healthy brain tissue and had a tumor-to-brain ratio (TBR) of 3.6 ± 0.5. In human volunteers, [18F]DASA-23 crossed the intact blood-brain barrier and was rapidly cleared. In GBM patients, [18F]DASA-23 successfully outlined tumors visible on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The uptake of [18F]DASA-23 was markedly elevated in GBMs compared to normal brain, and it was able to identify a metabolic non-responder within 1-week of treatment initiation. CONCLUSION We developed and translated [18F]DASA-23 as a promising new tracer that demonstrated the visualization of aberrantly expressed PKM2 for the first time in human subjects. These encouraging results warrant further clinical evaluation of [18F]DASA-23 to assess its utility for imaging therapy-induced normalization of aberrant cancer metabolism.
Suppression of tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer: studies on chromosomes 6 and 11. (1994)

Development of breast cancer has been associated with deletions at multiple chromosomal regions, including 6q, 11p, and 11q. In this study we analyzed the effects of the introduction of chromosomes 6 and 11 on the cell phenotype of the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Chromosome 6 induced alterations of in vitro growth properties and suppressed tumorigenicity of MDA-MB-231 cells. Spontaneous reduction of the transferred chromosome allowed mapping of the tumor suppressor gene(s) to region 6q21-q23 and/or 6q26-q27. Clones MCF-7/H6 underwent a senescence process that lasted five months. Chromosome 11 had no effect on MDA-MB-231 cells, although it suppressed tumorigenicity of MCF-7 cells. A MCF-7/H11 clone lacking the short arm of the transferred chromosome retained tumorigenicity, however, tumor cell growth was significantly reduced. These results suggest that each chromosomal arm may contain genes important for the suppression of MCF-7 tumorigenic properties.
A Raman spectroscopic discrimination between the sub‐gel phase and the GIII Gel phase of aqueous dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers (1985)

Abstract Raman spectra of aqueous dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers have been measured as a function of temperature for samples incubated at 2 °C and for non‐incubated samples. The nature of the transition from the GII gel phase of the hydrated lipid into the sub‐gel phase on incubation is entirely different from that of the transition from the GII gel phase into the GIII gel phase of the non‐incubated lipid. The GIII gel phase has a monoclinic interchain packing, whereas the sub‐gel phase exhibits a triclinic interchain structure. In the sub‐gel phase the acyl chains are rigid and more ordered even than those in solid DPPC.
A three-phase model for damage induced by ASR in concrete structures (2011)

In the present work we propose a three-phase chemo-elastic damage model for the description of the mechanical degradation of concrete induced by the Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR). The model accounts for ASR kinetics, depending on temperature and humidity conditions, and the swelling pressure exerted by the ASR reaction products on the skeleton. The model is validated on the basis of experimental tests on concrete reactive beams performed at varying ambient humidity conditions.
In Situ Graphene Growth Dynamics on Polycrystalline Catalyst Foils (2016)

The dynamics of graphene growth on polycrystalline Pt foils during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are investigated using in situ scanning electron microscopy and complementary structural characterization of the catalyst with electron backscatter diffraction. A general growth model is outlined that considers precursor dissociation, mass transport, and attachment to the edge of a growing domain. We thereby analyze graphene growth dynamics at different length scales and reveal that the rate-limiting step varies throughout the process and across different regions of the catalyst surface, including different facets of an individual graphene domain. The facets that define the domain shapes lie normal to slow growth directions, which are determined by the interfacial mobility when attachment to domain edges is rate-limiting, as well as anisotropy in surface diffusion as diffusion becomes rate-limiting. Our observations and analysis thus reveal that the structure of CVD graphene films is intimately linked to that of the underlying polycrystalline catalyst, with both interfacial mobility and diffusional anisotropy depending on the presence of step edges and grain boundaries. The growth model developed serves as a general framework for understanding and optimizing the growth of 2D materials on polycrystalline catalysts.
Studies toward the Synthesis of Azadirachtin, Part 1: Total Synthesis of a Fully Functionalized ABC Ring Framework and Coupling with a Norbornene Domain (2005)

The advanced decalin intermediate 1 was synthesized and elaborated into the potential azadirachtin precursor 2. The challenging synthesis involved several protecting-group manipulations and coupling of 1 with an appropriate norbornene unit.
Useful intermediates and end-products obtained from biocatalysed oxidation and reduction reactions (2010)

As discussed in Chapter 1, there has been much interest, over many years, in oxidation and reduction reactions catalysed by micro-organisms. Processes for alcohol production and for the manufacture of vinegar and vitamin C have intrigued investigators for ages. Today there is great interest in discovering new whole-cell and isolated-enzyme-catalysed reactions of this type. As described in Chapter 3, the focus of the presentday work in this area is the production of compounds (often in optically active form) that might be useful as intermediates or end-products for the pharmaceutical, fragrance, flavour and agrichemical industries.
<i>Myo</i>-Inositol, Probiotics, and Micronutrient Supplementation From Preconception for Glycemia in Pregnancy: NiPPeR International Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial (2021)

Supplementation with <i>myo</i>-inositol, probiotics, and micronutrients preconception and in pregnancy did not lower gestational glycemia but did reduce preterm birth.
Gene silencing with STAT6 specific siRNAs blocks eotaxin release in IL‐4/TNFα stimulated human epithelial cells (2004)

Small interfering RNAs have evolved as effective tools for the study of gene functions. Here, we demonstrate the use of different siRNAs for the specific knock down of the STAT6 transcription regulator and the complete silencing of the downstream signaling pathway. The knock down of STAT6 resulted in a complete loss of STAT6 specific DNA binding activity and blocked the release of eotaxin-3 in human epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stimulated with IL-4 and TNFalpha with no signs of unspecific gene silencing. Other signaling pathways like the EGF stimulated release of IL-8 were still active in BEAS-2B cells treated with STAT6 specific siRNAs, demonstrating the specificity of these molecules.
Robust state estimation for Micro Aerial Vehicles based on system dynamics (2015)

In this work, we present a model-based estimation scheme for multi-rotor Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs). Although modeling approaches for MAVs have been presented in the past, these models have rarely been used for real-time state estimation onboard MAVs. Building on this work, we identify the most dominant effects and propose an easy-to-use calibration scheme for estimation of the model parameters. Given the calibration estimates for these parameters, we derive a state estimator where the state prediction of the indirect Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is driven by a MAV model. Solely using measurements from the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a barometric pressure sensor - both available on almost every MAV - our model-based formulation keeps the estimated velocity of the MAV bounded in all directions, as opposed to state of the art IMU-model driven state estimators onboard MAVs. This is crucial for keeping MAVs airborne safely, for instance in the case of failures or re-initialization of vision based localization systems.
Heat Transfer in Triangular Microchannels (2003)

A numerical heat transfer solution is compared with an analytical solution for a microchannel flow. The analytical derivation is based upon the porous material assumption as put forth by various investigators. While extensive work exists for the rectangular microchannel cross sectional area, other cross sections have not received the same attention. It is the intent of this paper to investigate the applicability of the porous material assumption to a triangular “saw tooth” cross section microchannel with respect to heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. The results are presented in nondimensionalized form applicable to any fluid and geometric aspect ratio combination presented herein.
Analysis and detection of SIMbox fraud in mobility networks (2014)

Voice traffic termination fraud, often referred to as Subscriber Identity Module box (SIMbox) fraud, is a common illegal practice on mobile networks. As a result, cellular operators around the globe lose billions annually. Moreover, SIMboxes compromise the cellular network infrastructure by overloading local base stations serving these devices. This paper analyzes the fraudulent traffic from SIMboxes operating with a large number of SIM cards. It processes hundreds of millions of anonymized voice call detail records (CDRs) from one of the main cellular operators in the United States. In addition to overloading voice traffic, fraudulent SIMboxes are observed to have static physical locations and to generate disproportionately large volume of outgoing calls. Based on these observations, novel classifiers for fraudulent SIMbox detection in mobility networks are proposed. Their outputs are optimally fused to increase the detection rate. The operator's fraud department confirmed that the algorithm succeeds in detecting new fraudulent SIMboxes.
Pt Electrodes Enable the Formation of μ<sub>4</sub>-O Centers in MOF-5 from Multiple Oxygen Sources (2017)

The μ<sub>4</sub>-O<sup>2-</sup> ions in the Zn<sub>4</sub>O(O<sub>2</sub>C-)<sub>6</sub> secondary building units of Zn<sub>4</sub>O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)<sub>3</sub> (MOF-5) electrodeposited under cathodic bias can be sourced from nitrate, water, and molecular oxygen when using platinum gauze as working electrodes. The use of Zn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O, anhydrous Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, or anhydrous Zn(CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> as Zn<sup>2+</sup> sources under rigorous control of other sources of oxygen, including water and O<sub>2</sub>, confirm that the source of the μ<sub>4</sub>-O<sup>2-</sup> ions can be promiscuous. Although this finding reveals a relatively complicated manifold of electrochemical processes responsible for the crystallization of MOF-5 under cathodic bias, it further highlights the importance of hydroxide intermediates in the formation of the Zn<sub>4</sub>O(O<sub>2</sub>C-R) secondary building units in this iconic material and is illustrative of the complicated crystallization mechanisms of metal-organic frameworks in general.
Enhanced belief propagation decoding of polar codes through concatenation (2014)

The bit-channels of finite-length polar codes are not fully polarized, and a proportion of such bit-channels are neither completely “noiseless” nor completely “noisy”. By using an outer low-density parity-check code for these intermediate channels, we show how the performance of belief propagation (BP) decoding of the overall concatenated polar code can be improved. A simple example reports an improvement in E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> over N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> of 0.3 dB with respect to the conventional BP decoder.
Iterative channel estimation for turbo receivers in DS-CDMA (2004)

The work considers the problem of channel estimation in the iterative reception of pilot-aided signals in DS-CDMA systems. The performance of classical training-based schemes is severely degraded in highly frequency selective channels due to the code-multiplexing of traffic and pilot signals. Thus, estimation algorithms that rely on the presence of the pilot signal, but also consider the information signal structure, are preferred. We present a Bayesian channel estimation algorithm for turbo receivers that effectively exploits the available soft information about the symbols (to model the traffic signal) in order to improve the channel estimation iteratively. Simulation results in realistic frequency selective test cases reveal only a moderate degradation compared to the perfect channel knowledge case.
Activation of Double-Stranded RNA–Dependent Protein Kinase, A New Pathway by Which Human Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (<i>hPNPaseold-35</i>) Induces Apoptosis (2007)

Human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPase(old-35)) is a type I IFN-inducible 3',5' exoribonuclease that mediates mRNA degradation. In melanoma cells, slow and sustained overexpression of hPNPase(old-35) induces G(1) cell cycle arrest ultimately culminating in apoptosis, whereas rapid overexpression of hPNPase(old-35) directly promotes apoptosis without cell cycle changes. These observations imply that inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis by hPNPase(old-35) involve multiple intracellular targets and signaling pathways. We now provide evidence that the apoptosis-inducing activity of hPNPase(old-35) is mediated by activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Activation of PKR by hPNPase(old-35) precedes phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha and induction of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153) that culminates in the shutdown of protein synthesis and apoptosis. Activation of PKR by hPNPase(old-35) also instigates down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x(L). A dominant-negative inhibitor of PKR, as well as GADD153 antisense or bcl-x(L) overexpression, effectively inhibits apoptosis induction by hPNPase(old-35). These studies elucidate a novel pathway by which an evolutionary conserved RNA-metabolizing enzyme, hPNPase(old-35), regulates cell growth and viability.