gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing the Unique Neuropathological Profile of Blast Polytrauma (2017)

Traumatic brain injury sustained after blast exposure (blast-induced TBI) has recently been documented as a growing issue for military personnel. Incidence of injury to organs such as the lungs has decreased, though current epidemiology still causes a great public health burden. In addition, unprotected civilians sustain primary blast lung injury (PBLI) at alarming rates. Often, mild-to-moderate cases of PBLI are survivable with medical intervention, which creates a growing population of survivors of blast-induced polytrauma (BPT) with symptoms from blast-induced mild TBI (mTBI). Currently, there is a lack of preclinical models simulating BPT, which is crucial to identifying unique injury mechanisms of BPT and its management. To meet this need, our group characterized a rodent model of BPT and compared results to a blast-induced mTBI model. Open field (OF) performance trials were performed on rodents at 7 days after injury. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate cellular outcome at day seven following BPT. Levels of reactive astrocytes (GFAP), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 expression), and vascular damage (SMI-71) were significantly elevated in BPT compared to blast-induced mTBI. Downstream markers of hypoxia (HIF-1<i>α</i> and VEGF) were higher only after BPT. This study highlights the need for unique therapeutics and prehospital management when handling BPT.
The synthesis and properties of chiral smectic C materials for use in high spontaneous polarization mixtures (1996)

Abstract A range of chiral materials has been prepared using asymmetric synthesis in the form of chiral hydroboration on phenylcyclohexenes. The materials are chiral cyclohexanes which have a polar group at a chiral centre that is in a rotationally-restricted cyclic environment. These features are designed to provide a high spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric mixtures. A range of aryl boronic acids were prepared and coupled in palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions to the chiral intermediates to provide a clean, efficient and general synthetic route to a wide range of final chiral dopant materials. Some of the final materials exhibit the chiral smectic C phase whereas others are non-mesogenic. The synthesis, transition temperatures and ferroelectric properties of the materials are discussed.
Molecular Technologies for Salmonella Detection (2012)

Salmonella has been associated with some of the most devastating foodborne outbreaks in recent history. Salmonella outbreaks have been linked to a variety of foods including produce [Alfalfa Sprouts2009, 2010, 2011; pistachios-2009; cantaloupes-2008, 2011 etc.], processed foods [peanuts – 2009], and prepared foods [turkey burgers2011, Banquet Pot Pies – 2007]. The contamination of commercial shell eggs with Salmonella Enteriditis in 2010 led to the recall of over a half a billion eggs, and the contamination of peanut-containing products with Salmonella Typhimurium in 2008-2009 led to one of the largest recalls in U.S. history with over 3,900 products being recalled. The Peanut Corporation of America, responsible for the Salmonella outbreak in peanuts, was forced into bankruptcy. Multiple lawsuits were filed against Wright County Egg and Hillandale Farms responsible for the Salmonella outbreak in eggs. Despite their own internal testing which showed Salmonella contamination, these facilities still shipped product. The 2008 outbreak of Salmonella in jalapeno peppers resulted in 1442 persons infected with Salmonella Saintpaul across 43 states, the District of Columbia, and Canada. Unfortunately, the tomato industry was implicated early in the investigation, which resulted in economic losses to the tomato industry in hundreds of millions of dollars. Because Salmonella is widespread in the environment (in such places as chicken houses), vegetable plants and animals (as well as meat samples, eggs etc.), rapid, reliable, and validated pathogen detection methods are needed for use in production facilities, public health labs, as well as in the regulatory and monitoring agencies. To provide comprehensive rapid food testing solutions, all components of a pathogen detection system should be addressed: sample preparation, detection and data analysis.
Nitric oxide facilitates NFAT-dependent transcription in mouse myotubes (2008)

Intracellular calcium transients in skeletal muscle cells initiate phenotypic adaptations via activation of calcineurin and its effector nuclear factor of activated t-cells (NFAT). Furthermore, endogenous production of nitric oxide (NO) via calcium-calmodulin-dependent NO synthase (NOS) is involved in skeletal muscle phenotypic plasticity. Here, we provide evidence that NO enhances calcium-dependent nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of NFAT and induces phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) in C2C12 myotubes. The calcium ionophore A23187 (1 microM for 9 h) or thapsigargin (2 microM for 4 h) increased NFAT transcriptional activity by seven- and fourfold, respectively, in myotubes transiently transfected with an NFAT-dependent reporter plasmid (pNFAT-luc, Stratagene). Cotreatment with the NOS-inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 5 mM) or the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 microM) prevented the calcium effects on NFAT activity. The NO donor diethylenetriamine-NONO (DETA-NO; 10 microM) augmented the effects of A23187 on NFAT-dependent transcription. Similarly, A23187 (0.4 microM for 4 h) caused nuclear accumulation of NFAT and increased phosphorylation (i.e., inactivation) of GSK-3beta, whereas cotreatment with L-NAME or ODQ inhibited these responses. Finally, the NO donor 3-(2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-1-propylhydrazino)-1-propanamine (PAPA-NO; 1 microM for 1 h) increased phosphorylation of GSK-3beta in a manner dependent on guanylate cyclase activity. We conclude that NOS activity mediates calcium-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3beta and activation of NFAT-dependent transcription in myotubes. Furthermore, these effects of NO are guanylate cyclase-dependent.
Novel dynamic force sensing system using magnetostrictive energy harvester (2019)

Dynamic force sensors play a key role in emerging smart technologies that can measure various types of human motions. Magnetostrictive force sensors are the most promising, lightweight, and reliable sensing technologies; however, an in-depth understanding of the sensing mechanism is still lacking. In this study, we focus on magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN), which is generated by the inverse magnetostriction effect upon impact loading. Further, the stress-induced MBN characteristics of Fe-Co alloy/epoxy composites were investigated using a cyclic compression test. By measuring and analyzing MBN signals in magnetostrictive/epoxy resin composites, it was revealed that the root mean square value of MBN increased linearly with the increase in the stress rate. Additionally, we observed that the MBN outbreaks were affected by the magnetostriction constant. The proposed MBN force sensor system is expected to achieve high sensitivity, wide measurement range, and downsizing.
Obesity Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Retrospective Analysis of a Patient Cohort Whose Treatment Included High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Support (2011)

The purpose of the study was to identify predictors of long-term survival in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A cohort of 96 patients, who received high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support (HD-ASCT) as part of their treatment, was analyzed. Percent long-term survival at 10 years was 24.5% (CI 17.2-34.9%) when metastasis was diagnosed and 14.4% (CI 8.7-23.9%) when MBC was diagnosed. Survival was impacted significantly by body mass index (BMI). Median overall survival from initial diagnosis or from time of metastasis for patients with BMIs ≤30 and >30 (obese) was 7.1 (CI 4.4-8.7) and 3.2 years (2.41-6.75), respectively, or 3.2 or 2.3 years (all P = 0.02). Also, obesity was the only independent patient-related predictor of time to metastasis and of survival. While obesity is linked with poor outcomes in earlier stages of breast cancer, this has not been previously reported for MBC.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Expressing CXCL14 Rely upon NOS1-Derived Nitric Oxide Signaling for Their Tumor-Supporting Properties (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 71KB, Expression of CAF marker by engineered fibroblasts.&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis and Design of Voltage Regulator with Improved Light Load Efficiency (2006)

A Voltage Regulator (VR) design with improved efficiency especially at light load and with good steady-state ripple and dynamic performance is discussed in this paper. The presented VR utilizes a proposed "Pulse-Sliding <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> " load adaptive control scheme to satisfy the VR requirements. Such VR design is important in many applications including those that are battery powered and has energy consumption constrains. In this paper, the concept, design, analysis, simulation and experimental circuit of the improved VR design are presented.
Metamaterial-Induced Transparency: Sharp Fano Resonances and Slow Light (2009)

Inspired by the study of atomic resonances, researchers have developed a new type of metamaterial. Their work paves the way toward compact delay lines and slow-light devices.
(<i>N</i>-Hydroxy-2-méthylpyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate de Diéthyle (1997)

Diethyl (N-hydroxy-2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate, C9H20NO4P, (II), was isolated as colourless crystals during the oxidation of diethyl (2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate, (I), with dimethyldioxirane. Compound (II) is the first example of an N-hydroxypyrrolidine ring bearing a β-phosphorus substituent. The crystal structure analysis reported here was undertaken to determine the hybridization state (sp3) of the N atom in its hydroxylamine form.
Learning to Plan with Logical Automata (2019)

This paper introduces the Logic-based Value Iteration Network (LVIN) framework, which combines imitation learning and logical automata to enable agents to learn complex behaviors from demonstrations. We address two problems with learning from expert knowledge: (1) how to generalize learned policies for a task to larger classes of tasks, and (2) how to account for erroneous demonstrations. Our LVIN model solves finite gridworld environments by instantiating a recurrent, convolutional neural network as a value iteration procedure over a learned Markov Decision Process (MDP) that factors into two MDPs: a small finite state automaton (FSA) corresponding to logical rules, and a larger MDP corresponding to motions in the environment. The parameters of LVIN (value function, reward map, FSA transitions, large MDP transitions) are approximately learned from expert trajectories. Since the model represents the learned rules as an FSA, the model is interpretable; since the FSA is integrated into planning, the behavior of the agent can be manipulated by modifying the FSA transitions. We demonstrate these abilities in several domains of interest, including a lunchboxpacking manipulation task and a driving domain.
Label switching over IEEE802.15.4e networks (2013)

ABSTRACT An open issue still to be addressed in low‐power lossy networks (LLNs) is how the application requirements, the available transport services, the network layer routes, and the data link‐layer resources are mapped efficiently. This can be explained by the fact that, in most LLNs, link‐layer resources cannot be easily managed; this results in a best effort IP layer, and traffic engineering performed solely through flow control at the transport layer. The new IEEE802.15.4e standard defines a link‐layer mechanism by which motes in the network synchronise and communicate by following a schedule. Each slot in that schedule can be seen as an atomic link‐layer resource, which can be allocated to any arbitrary link in the network. The schedule can be built to match the bandwidth, latency and power requirements of each mote in the network. Managing that schedule is performed centrally in IEEE802.15.4e networks today. This paper explores a solution to achieve the same goal in a distributed manner. Specifically, we argue that this problem is very similar to traffic engineering on today's Internet. We show how multiprotocol label switching can be mapped to LLNs to manage the network's schedule. By using the completely fair distributed scheduler, we show by simulation how this novel link‐layer resource allocation scheme yields a proper distribution of end‐to‐end delays among the motes and an average throughput that achieves the 70% of the maximum possible throughput in the worst conditions tested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The role of Chk1 and Mre11/Nbs1/Rad50 in S phase arrest induced by DNA damage (2008)

4233 Many anticancer agents cause DNA damage which activates cellular checkpoints to arrest cell cycle progression. The arrest provides time for DNA repair so that the cells can survive. The Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex is a regulator of the S phase checkpoint, and defective MRN enhances chemo- and radio-sensitivity. The colon cancer cell line HCT116 was identified as defective in S phase arrest following incubation with the topoisomerase I inhibitor SN38, and was found to express very low levels of MRN proteins. Transfection with Mre11 also elevated Rad50 and Nbs1 because it stabilizes the complex, and rescued the defect in S phase arrest. To determine the frequency of defects in the MRN complex, we have screened the 59 available cell lines of the NCI60 panel for expression of Mre11, Rad50 and Nbs1. We also screened the panel for defects in S phase arrest in response to DNA damage induced by SN38. We hypothesized, based on our data from HCT116 cells, that low levels of MRN proteins would correlate with lack of S phase arrest. Consistent with this hypothesis, the ovarian cancer cell line IGROV1 lacked MRN and failed to arrest in S phase when damaged. In contrast, we found cell lines such as HCC2998 which also failed to arrest in S, but exhibited high levels of MRN. We investigated the impact of MRN in more detail by suppressing its expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Despite suppression of MRN, these cells still remained arrested in S phase when damaged. We also suppressed the checkpoint protein Chk1 in MDA-MB-231 cells and found that these cells now failed to arrest in S. This latter result suggested that activation of Chk1 is necessary for S phase arrest. However, further analysis of two of the three cells lines that failed to arrest in S phase (HCT116 and IGROV1) showed that they both activated Chk1 when damaged. Hence, Chk1 appears necessary but not sufficient for S phase arrest in SN38-damaged cells, but the ability to arrest in S can not be explained by the status of the MRN complex. These results demonstrate that cancer cell lines exhibit many different defects in cell cycle checkpoint regulation. These defects may provide a unique sensitivity of a particular tumor subtype to chemotherapeutic agents and the results may help to design rational therapies targeted at cells with these defects.
Chloroplast culture X: thylakoid assembly in vitro (2013)

The conversion of prothylakoids into macrograna has been demonstrated in vitro. Etiochloroplasts were preloaded with prothylakoid components by pretreatment of etiolated cucumber cotyledons with kinetin + gibberellic acid. The plastids were then isolated and incubated under continuous illumination with exogenous δ-aminolevulinic acid and cofactors. Massive amounts of chlorophyll a were formed, which together with the prothylakoid material were assembled into giant grana. The chlorophyll a pool was formed via short wavelength and long wavelength protochlorophyll(ide) holochrome species. The major chromophore of the latter consisted mainly of divinyl protochlorophyllide.
When Do Anisotropic Magnetic Susceptibilities Lead to Large NMR Shifts? Exploring Particle Shape Effects in the Battery Electrode Material LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (2019)

Materials used as electrodes in energy storage devices have been extensively studied with solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Due to the almost ubiquitous presence of transition metals, these systems are also often magnetic. While it is well known that the presence of anisotropic bulk magnetic susceptibility (ABMS) leads to broadening of resonances under magic angle spinning, we show that for monodisperse and nonspherical particle morphologies the ABMS can also lead to considerable shifts, which vary substantially as a function of particle shape. This, on one hand, complicates the interpretation of the NMR spectrum and means that different samples of the same nominal material may no longer give rise to the same measured shift. On the other hand, the ABMS shift provides a mechanism with which to derive the particle shape from the NMR spectrum. In this work, we present a methodology to model the ABMS shift and relate it to the shape of the studied particles. The approach is tested on the <sup>7</sup>Li NMR spectra of single crystals and powders of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>. The results show that the ABMS shift can be a major contribution to the total NMR shift in systems with large magnetic anisotropies and small hyperfine shifts, <sup>7</sup>Li shifts for typical LiFePO<sub>4</sub> morphologies varying by as much as 100 ppm. The results are generalized to demonstrate that the approach can be used as a means with which to probe the aspect ratio of particles. The work has implications for the analysis of NMR spectra of all materials with anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities, including diamagnetic materials such as graphite.
Effect of membrane purification and concentration of sucrose in sugar beet molasses for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (2022)

Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from sugar beet molasses as feed-stock should in theory be a straight-forward process: first, hydrolysis of sucrose, followed by dehydration of fructose, but is in reality challenging. The enzyme-catalysed sucrose hydrolysis is inhibited by impurities and the dehydration of fructose has low conversions. In this study, pretreatment of crude molasses through purification using membrane filtration was investigated. The pretreatment process was evaluated with respect to the sucrose hydrolysis reaction rates and for the downstream 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production. Results from the ultra-/nanofiltration experiments showed good filtration fluxes (11–34 L/m2 h bar), high flux recovery after being heavily fouled (>80%) and ability to purify sucrose. The sucrose hydrolysis results showed an improved reaction rate for nanofiltered molasses (concentrate), while the ultrafiltration permeate showed no major difference from the crude molasses, indicating that the inhibitory compounds are of low molecular weight. Furthermore, the ultrafiltered molasses showed highly efficient fructose conversion (near 100%) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural selectivity of 57% in the biphasic acid-catalysed dehydration, in contrast to only 49% fructose conversion in the crude molasses.
[Molecular factors of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia]. (1996)

In recent years much has been learned about the cellular and molecular events underlying cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI). We review, from a molecular standpoint, the main pathogenetic theories in hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury, including excitotoxicity, free radical damage, and the role of growth factors, proto-oncogenes and heat shock proteins. The various forms of cell death in the developing and adult brain (necrosis, apoptosis and delayed neuronal death) are reviewed, with an emphasis on gene regulation of naturally-occurring and HI-associated cell death. We report the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos and c-jun mRNAs and of HSP72 mRNA and protein in several models of cerebral HI. Gel agarose electrophoresis of extracted DNA and in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA revealed that cell death in these models was associated with endonuclease(s) activation. We also pre-treated some animals with dexamethasone, a neuroprotective drug in a model of perinatal HI. High-dose dexamethasone prevented c-fos induction in cerebral regions sensitive to HI. This effect may be due to a functional antagonism, at the transcriptional level, between Fos and the glucocorticoid receptor.
Molecular determinants for selective recognition of antidepressants in the human serotonin and norepinephrine transporters (2011)

Inhibitors of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) are widely used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Although SERT/NET selectivity is a key determinant for the therapeutic properties of these drugs, the molecular determinants defining SERT/NET selectivity are poorly understood. In this study, the structural basis for selectivity of the SERT selective inhibitor citalopram and the structurally closely related NET selective inhibitor talopram is delineated. A systematic structure-activity relationship study allowed identification of the substituents that control activity and selectivity toward SERT and NET and revealed a common pattern showing that SERT and NET have opposite preference for the stereochemical configuration of these inhibitors. Mutational analysis of nonconserved SERT/NET residues within the central substrate binding site was performed to determine the molecular basis for inhibitor selectivity. Changing only five residues in NET to the complementary residues in SERT transferred a SERT-like affinity profile for R- and S-citalopram into NET, showing that the selectivity of these compounds is determined by amino acid differences in the central binding site of the transporters. In contrast, the activity of R- and S-talopram was largely unaffected by any mutations within the central substrate binding site of SERT and NET and in the outer vestibule of NET, suggesting that citalopram and talopram bind to distinct sites on SERT and NET. Together, these findings provide important insight into the molecular basis for SERT/NET selectivity of antidepressants, which can be used to guide rational development of unique transporter inhibitors with fine-tuned transporter selectivity.
Down-Regulation of Growth Hormone Releasing Factor Receptors following Continuous Infusion of Growth Hormone Releasing Factor in vivo (1986)

The in vivo chronic infusion of growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) results in a loss of the pituitary growth hormone (GH) response to GRF as well as in a substantial depletion of pituitary GH content. To evaluate if the loss in response is due to the down-regulation of GRF receptors the specific GRF binding capacity of pituitary homogenates prepared from rats infused with saline or GRF (1 or 15 micrograms/h for 24 h) was determined. The pituitary binding capacity of animals infused with GRF was significantly reduced as compared to animals infused with saline.