gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Interpretation of Single Well Chemical Tracer Tests for ASP Injection (2011)

Abstract A series of single well injection tests has been conducted to estimate the efficiency of Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) flooding. These injection tests comprised a Single Well Chemical Tracer (SWCT) test that was done after water injection to establish a baseline remaining oil saturation and a second SWCT test conducted after ASP injection to measure the Remaining Oil Saturation (ROS) after ASP. Analytical methods are generally used to interpret SWCT tests and to determine the remaining oil saturation. These techniques work best when the response is close to an ideal, single peak. However, the responses from the SWCT tests in our single well tests sequences are complex, showing multiple peaks. This is indicative of complicating factors such as cross-flow between layers. To understand the complex response we used numerical simulation techniques to interpret the SWCT tests. The numerical model includes the physics of ASP, such as interfacial tension reduction, water viscosity modification, and the related reduction in ROS as wells as an accurate model for tracer dispersion. The model allows full control of physical dispersion and does not require the use of numerical diffusion to mimic the effect of physical dispersion. The numerical simulation sequence involves the full single well injection test history including SWCT tests before and after the ASP injection. The key challenge in matching the tests results with the numerical simulations was to model the complex response, which was different for each well tested. Elaborate numerical simulations, different from the conventional interpretation method, were used to successfully match all tests. This paper presents the simulation work, an explanation of the parameters varied to obtain agreement between numerically predicted and actual SWCT responses and the numerical simulation tools used to match the SWCT tests.
Characterization of pandemic influenza immune memory signature after vaccination or infection (2014)

The magnitude, quality, and maintenance of immunological memory after infection or vaccination must be considered for future design of effective influenza vaccines. In 2009, the influenza pandemic produced disease that ranged from mild to severe, even fatal, illness in infected healthy adults and led to vaccination of a portion of the population with the adjuvanted, inactivated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine. Here, we have proposed a multiparameter quantitative and qualitative approach to comparing adaptive immune memory to influenza 1 year after mild or severe infection or vaccination. One year after antigen encounter, severely ill subjects maintained high levels of humoral and polyfunctional effector/memory CD4⁺ T cells responses, while mildly ill and vaccinated subjects retained strong cellular immunity, as indicated by high levels of mucosal homing and degranulation markers on IFN-γ⁺ antigen-specific T cells. A principal component analysis distinguished 3 distinct clusters of individuals. The first group comprised vaccinated and mildly ill subjects, while clusters 2 and 3 included mainly infected individuals. Each cluster had immune memory profiles that differed in magnitude and quality. These data provide evidence that there are substantial similarities between the antiinfluenza response that mildly ill and vaccinated individuals develop and that this immune memory signature is different from that seen in severely ill individuals.
Ultra-Low Threshold and Temperature-Stable InGaN Blue and Green Laser Diodes (2021)

We report on AlInGaN-based blue and green edge-emitting lasers designed for low-current operation and low power consumption. By properly optimizing cavity length and mirror coatings, threshold currents below 5 mA are achieved on single-mode blue laser diodes (LDs) emitting at 460 nm. For output power levels below 10 mW, the LDs with an optimized chip design exhibit a decreased power consumption and an increased power stability against temperature variations compared to LDs with a standard chip design. Extended to green emitters, the new design results in single-mode LDs emitting at 515 nm with threshold currents close to 15 mA.
Sirolimus Therapy after Early Cyclosporine Withdrawal Reduces the Risk for Cancer in Adult Renal Transplantation (2006)

Sirolimus (SRL) is a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor that, in contrast to cyclosporine (CsA), has been shown to inhibit rather than promote cancers in experimental models. At 3 mo +/- 2 wk after renal transplantation, 430 of 525 enrolled patients were randomly assigned to remain on SRL-CsA-steroids (ST) or to have CsA withdrawn and SRL troughs increased two-fold (SRL-ST). Median times to first skin and nonskin malignancies were compared between treatments using a survival analysis. Mean annualized rates of skin malignancy were calculated, and the relative risk was determined using a Poisson model. Malignancy-free survival rates for nonskin malignancies were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test. At 5 yr, the median time to a first skin carcinoma was delayed (491 versus 1126 d; log-rank test, P = 0.007), and the risk for an event was significantly lower with SRL-ST therapy (relative risk SRL-ST to SRL-CsA-ST 0.346; 95% confidence interval 0.227 to 0.526; P < 0.001, intention-to-treat analysis). The relative risks for both basal and squamous cell carcinomas were significantly reduced. Kaplan-Meier estimates of nonskin cancer were 9.6 versus 4.0% (SRL-CsA-ST versus SRL-ST; P = 0.032, intention-to-treat analysis). Nonskin cancers included those of the lung, larynx, oropharynx, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, breast, thyroid, and cervix as well as glioma, liposarcoma, astrocytoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Patients who received SRL-based, calcineurin inhibitor-free therapy after CsA withdrawal at month 3 had a reduced incidence of both skin and nonskin malignancies at 5 yr after renal transplantation compared with those who received SRL therapy combined with CsA. Longer follow-up and additional trials are needed to confirm these promising results.
Synthesis of Substituted Benzoxazolinones by the Curtius Rearrangement: Crystal Structures of Intermediates and By-Products (2011)

3-Substituted salicyloyl chlorides were converted to salicyloyl azides (R = Br, NO 2 ) which underwent thermal rearrangement and intramolecular cyclization to benzoxazolinones. The crystal structures of 7-substituted benz[d]oxazolin-2-ones (R = Br, NH 2 ), intermediate salicyloyl azides and byproducts, i. e. 3-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-8-nitrobenz[e][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione and 2-hydroxy-N- (2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-3-nitrobenzamide, have been determined. 7-Aminobenzoxazolinone was obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro compound as the hemihydrate or in anhydrous form, depending on the temperature of the crystallization
Supplementary Figure Legends from The Elongin BC Complex Negatively Regulates AXL and Marks a Differentiated Phenotype in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends 1-7&lt;/p&gt;
Refrigerants With Low Environmental Impact For Commercial Refrigeration Systems (2018)

New refrigerants with the positive attributes of both high thermal performance and low environmental impact are currently in development. These refrigerants provide high energy efficiency, which coupled with low GWP significantly reduce the total environmental impact compared with current fluids (R404A, R507, R22 and R134a). Properties, and experimental results are compared and discussed for refrigeration applications. Alternative system architectures for refrigeration applications utilizing the beneficial characteristics of these new fluids are also discussed. A holistic analysis approach is used to evaluate the lifetime environmental and operational impact for the refrigerants and systems presented in this study.
Abstract Only CNC Aspheric Shaping With Toroidal Wheels (1987)

Contouring with computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines can be accomplished with several different tool geometries and coordinated machine axes. To minimize the number of coordinated axes for nonsymmetric work to three, it is common practice to use a spherically shaped tool such as a ball-end mill. However, to minimize grooving due to the feed and ball radius, it is desirable to use a long ball radius, but there is clearly a practical limit to ball diameter with the spherical tool. We have found that the use of commercially available toroidal wheels permits long effective cutting radii, which in turn improve finish and minimize grooving for a set feed. In addition, toroidal wheels are easier than spherical wheels to center accurately. Cutting parameters are also easier to control because the feed rate past the tool does not change as the slope of the work changes. The drawback to the toroidal wheel is the more complex calculation of the tool path. Of course, once the algorithm is worked out, the tool path is as easily calculated as for a spherical tool. We have performed two experiments with the Large Optical Generator (LOG) that were ideally suited to three-axis contouring--surfaces that have no axis of rotational symmetry. By oscillating the cutting head horizontally or vertically (in addition to the motions required to generate the power of the surface) , and carefully coordinating those motions with table rotation, the mostly astigmatic departure for these surfaces is produced. The first experiment was a pair of reflector molds that together correct the spherical aberration of the Arecibo radio telescope. The larger of these was 5 m in diameter and had a 12 cm departure from the best-fit sphere. The second experiment was the generation of a purely astigmatic surface to demonstrate the feasibility of producing axially symmetric asphe.rics while mounted and rotated about any off-axis point. Measurements of the latter (the first experiment had relatively loose tolerances) indicate an accuracy only 3 or 4 times that achieved by conventional two-axis contouring (10 AM as opposed to 3 pm rms) The successful completion of these projects demonstrates the successful application of three-axis contouring with the LOG. Toroidal cutters have also solved many of the drawbacks of spherical wheels. Work remains to be done in improving machine response and decreasing the contribution of backlash errors.
CT Staging of Esophageal Carcinoma in Patients Treated by Primary Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy (1992)

Primary radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy is under study as definitive and palliative therapy for patients with esophageal carcinoma. To evaluate the correlation between CT staging and outcome, we retrospectively reviewed the CT scans of 48 patients treated with primary radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy and correlated CT staging with disease-free survival, overall survival, and site of relapse. Excluding one patient who was understaged and six patients who died of problems unrelated to esophageal carcinoma, mean survival of CT stage I, II, and III patients was 14.7, 21.3, and 5.2 months, respectively. When the CT stage is modified by the presence of nodal involvement on CT, the mean survival of stage IIn and IIIn (nodes greater than 1.5 cm in diameter) and stage IV patients (distant metastases) was 16.4, 19.2, and 10.6 months, respectively. Despite thickening of the esophageal wall greater than 3.0 cm in five patients with stage IIn cancer, mean survival was still 19.2 months. Patients with pericardial effusion had the worst survival of only 4.3 months. Stage II patients had a significantly longer (p less than 0.05) disease-free period than all other groups and the difference between stage II and III patients was highly significant (p less than 0.01). Stage II patients were also more likely to be disease-free at the time of death or last follow-up (p less than 0.05). Computed tomographic staging of esophageal carcinoma is useful in radiation therapy treatment planning and predicting outcome of patients managed with a nonsurgical technique of concurrent radiation and chemotherapy.
Fabrication of Resorbable Microporous Intravascular Stents for Gene Therapy Applications (1994)

The authors have produced resorbable, microporous endoluminal stents from Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)/Poly epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) blends. Both helical and tube stent designs have been obtained by solvent casting and flotation-precipitation fabrication techniques. A range of PLLA/PCL blend ratios and process variables were employed to investigate their influence on mechanical properties, porosity, and degradation rate. Polymer blends with higher PLLA proportions exhibit higher elastic moduli and ultimate tensile strength, and lower elongation, porosity, and degradation rates than do materials with higher PCL content. Stents with suitable mechanical properties for deployment and support of the vessel wall were obtained. Poly(ethylene oxide) was incorporated into these devices using an acid swelling technique, opening the pore structure and improving the hydrophilic character, thereby enabling the uptake of recombinant adenoviral vectors. The 50:50 PLLA/PCL blended stents were impregnated with recombinant adenovirus (AdCMB beta Gal, encoding a nuclear localizing variant of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase). Cultured CV-1 cells incubated with stents impregnated with the recombinant virus expressed nuclear localized beta-galactosidase activity, confirming that absorbed virus is released from the matrix in an infectious form, with kinetics suggesting that genetically enhanced endovascular devices of this design are feasible.
Expression of stromal-cell-derived factor-1 on circulating platelets is increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome and correlates with the number of CD34+ progenitor cells (2008)

Platelet-bound SDF-1 may play an important role in peripheral homing of circulating progenitor cells thus in tissue regeneration.
Heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s disease: Insight from a novel mouse model of amyloid and tau lesions based on the inoculation of human brain preparations (2020)

Abstract Background A major challenge in clinical research is to better understand the heterogeneity of AD. Indeed, AD is heterogeneous regarding its origin, neuropathology and clinical expressions. While classical sporadic forms of AD (clAD) evolve over approximately 10 years, the “rapidly progressive form of AD” (rAD) is a non‐genetic aggressive form associated with a rapid clinical decline that evolves over approximately 2 years (Schmidt et al., Arch Neurol. 2011). Several studies have shown that the experimental inoculation of brain samples with Aβ‐ and/or tau pathology into transgenic (tg) mouse models overexpressing mutant human APP or tau promotes either Aβ or tau aggregation in the brain of the recipient animal (Gary et al., Acta Neuropathol Com. 2019). The phenotype of the inoculated brains is moreover reproduced in the recipient host (Watts et al., PNAS. 2014). The aim of this work was to study the impact of the inoculations of rAD versus clAD‐human brain preparations in tg mice mouse models of β‐amyloidosis to explore the mechanisms associated to AD heterogeneity. Method Brain samples were characterized pathologically and biochemically. The rAD, clAD, and ctrl (non‐Alzheimer) samples were inoculated in the CA1 region of 2‐month‐old APP/PS1dE9 mice (n = 15‐20/group). At 8 months post‐inoculation, an object recognition task (V‐maze) was conducted to assess memory performance. Aβ deposits (4G8 antibody), tau inclusions (AT8 antibody) and synaptic density were then quantified by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus. Result Mice inoculated with either rAD or clAD brain preparations developed a similar increase of Aβ plaques and tau deposits as compared to ctrl‐inoculated mice. However, only the aggressive form of AD (rAD) led to significant cognitive alterations (Figure 1) and synaptic loss (Figure 2) after 8 months. Conclusion APP/PS1dE9 mice inoculated with AD brain preparations are new models to study both amyloid and tau lesions occurrence. Our results suggest that, independently from the amyloid plaque load or the severity of tau intraneuronal pathology, synaptic health variability may contribute to the heterogeneity of AD‐like phenotype. Acknowledgment : We thank France‐Alzheimer and the NeuroCEB/CNR‐prion brain banks.
Re: Evidence for an Association Between Chlamydia psittaci and Ocular Adnexal Lymphomas (2006)

Background: Ocular adnexal lymphomas may be antigendriven disorders; however, the source of the putative antigen or antigens is still unknown. Hence, we assessed whether Chlamydiae infection is associated with the development of ocular adnexal lymphomas. Methods: The presence of Chlamydia psittaci, trachomatis, and pneumoniae DNA was investigated by polymerase chain reaction in 40 ocular adnexal lymphoma samples, 20 nonneoplastic orbital biopsies, 26 reactive lymphadenopathy samples, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 21 lymphoma patients and 38 healthy individuals. Seven patients with chlamydiapositive PBMCs were treated with the antibiotic doxycycline, and objective response was assessed in four patients with measurable lymphoma lesions. Differences in Chlamydiae DNA detection between the case patients and the control subjects were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Thirty-two of the 40 (80%) ocular adnexal lymphoma samples carried C. psittaci DNA, whereas all lymphoma samples were negative for C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. In contrast, none of the 20 nonneoplastic orbital biopsies (0% versus 80%; P<.001) and only three of 26 (12%) reactive lymphadenopathy samples (12% versus 80%; P<.001) carried the C. psittaci DNA. Nine of 21 (43%) patients with chlamydia-positive lymphomas carried C. psittaci DNA in their PBMCs, whereas none (0%) of the healthy PBMC donors carried C. psittaci DNA in their PBMCs (43% versus 0%; P<.001). One month after doxycycline treatment, chlamydial DNA was no longer detectable in the PBMCs of all seven treated patients, and objective response was observed in two of the four evaluable patients. Conclusion: Patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma had a high prevalence of C. psittaci infection in both tumor tissue and PBMCs. Persistent C. psittaci infection may contribute to the development of these lymphomas, as was also supported by the clinical responses observed in this study with C. psittaci– eradicating antibiotic therapy. [J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:586 –94]
Synchronization Approaches and Improvements for a Low-Complexity Power Line Communication System (2019)

This paper presents several improvements of the energy-pattern based sequence detection (EPSD) algorithm for FSK-based single-phase power line communication (PLC) systems, in terms of complexity, reliability and synchronization. A time synchronization is presented which fulfills the well known task of synchronizing transmitter and receiver, but also helps to avoid transmissions in periods of rough noise conditions. The synchronization method is based on a maximum-likelihood approach that makes use of the phase of the mains voltage. Further improvements concern the codes used for the trans-mitted sequences as well as the combination of the information within both FSK carrier-frequencies in terms of equal gain and maximum ratio combining. Additionally an approach for a low-complexity frame synchronization is presented.
PREPARATION OF BUFFER LAYERS ON SAPPHIRE FOR HIGH T<sub><font>c</font></sub> SUPERCONDUCTING THIN FILMS (1991)

Sapphire is a preferred substrate for high frequency applications where small dielectric constants and low loss tangents are required. It is also much cheaper than other oxide subsrates such as SrTiO 3 , LaAlO 3 , NdGaO 3 , MgO, and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) for high T c superconducting thin films. Unfortunately, sapphire is not chemically compatible with the high T c superconductors at the processing temperature required to obtained good superconducting properties. As a result, an appropriate buffer layer on sapphire is required.
XTP as a transport protocol for distributed parallel processing (1994)

The Xpress Transfer Protocol (XTP) is a flexible transport layer protocol designed to provide efficient service without dictating the communication paradigm or the delivery characteristics that quality the paradigm. XTP provides the tools to build communication services appropriate to the application. Current data delivery solutions for many popular cluster computing environments use TCP and UDP. We examine TCP, UDP, and XTP with respect to the communication characteristics typical of parallel applications. We perform measurements of end-to-end latency for several paradigms important to cluster computing. An implementation of XTP is shown to be comparable to TCP in end-to-end latency on preestablished connections, and does better for paradigms where connections must be constructed on the fly.
Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase Activating Polypeptide Regulates Hunger- and Palatability-Induced Binge Eating (2016)

While pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) signaling in the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei (VMN) has been shown to regulate feeding, a challenge in unmasking a role for this peptide in obesity is that excess feeding can involve numerous mechanisms including homeostatic (hunger) and hedonic-related (palatability) drives. In these studies, we first isolated distinct feeding drives by developing a novel model of binge behavior in which homeostatic-driven feeding was temporally separated from feeding driven by food palatability. We found that stimulation of the VMN, achieved by local microinjections of AMPA, decreased standard chow consumption in food-restricted rats (e.g., homeostatic feeding); surprisingly, this manipulation failed to alter palatable food consumption in satiated rats (e.g., hedonic feeding). In contrast, inhibition of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), through local microinjections of GABA receptor agonists baclofen and muscimol, decreased hedonic feeding without altering homeostatic feeding. PACAP microinjections produced the site-specific changes in synaptic transmission needed to decrease feeding via VMN or NAc circuitry. PACAP into the NAc mimicked the actions of GABA agonists by reducing hedonic feeding without altering homeostatic feeding. In contrast, PACAP into the VMN mimicked the actions of AMPA by decreasing homeostatic feeding without affecting hedonic feeding. Slice electrophysiology recordings verified PACAP excitation of VMN neurons and inhibition of NAc neurons. These data suggest that the VMN and NAc regulate distinct circuits giving rise to unique feeding drives, but that both can be regulated by the neuropeptide PACAP to potentially curb excessive eating stemming from either drive.
Cutting Edge: <scp>l</scp>-Arginine Transfer from Antigen-Presenting Cells Sustains CD4+ T Cell Viability and Proliferation (2022)

Metabolomics analyses suggest changes in amino acid abundance, particularly l-arginine (L-ARG), occur in patients with tuberculosis. Immune cells require L-ARG to fuel effector functions following infection. We have previously described an L-ARG synthesis pathway in immune cells; however, its role in APCs has yet to be uncovered. Using a coculture system with mycobacterial-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, we show APC L-ARG synthesis supported T cell viability and proliferation, and activated T cells contained APC-derived L-ARG. We hypothesize that APCs supply L-ARG to support T cell activation under nutrient-limiting conditions. This work expands the current model of APC-T cell interactions and provides insight into the effects of nutrient availability in immune cells.