gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>STAT4</i> and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2007)

A haplotype of STAT4 is associated with increased risk for both rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting a shared pathway for these illnesses.
Coupling between Fundamental Whispering Gallery Modes in Chains of Microspheres (2007)

Propagation of a fundamental WGM in a chain of microspheres is studied. We found that modes with various orbital and azimuthal numbers are excited in this process resulting in significant distortion of the field distribution
Local Mass Transport Resistance of Low-Loaded PEM Fuel-Cell Catalyst-Layers (2016)

To this day, the content of noble metals in the catalyst layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is still accounting for up to 60 % of the total stack cost and is therefore needed to be reduced for large-scale applications as automobile industry. Though a lot of effort was put into fabrication of catalyst-layers (CLs) with sufficiently low platinum loading, the performance below a certain content starts to decay rapidly. Within the CL, a complex interplay of mass and charge transport takes place, making the identification and quantification of the limiting parameters especially difficult and laborious. Finally, this resistance was found to be due to a local mass transport resistance scaling inversely with the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). In this presentation, the results for the local transport resistance measured in-situ via our unique hydrogen limiting current setup for CLs of varying loading, ionomer content and fabrication are shown. The effects of temperature and relative humidity on this intrinsic property are discussed, allowing a deeper understanding of the processes occurring close to the catalyst surface. Though water production, oxide effects and possible peroxide formation can make oxygen limiting currents hard to quantify in detail, data is included, allowing a direct comparison of the transport properties and pathways of both reactants. The data provided shows the potential of this measurement technic to identify the transport limitations in a fast and easy way, which helps to optimize the electrode structure, composition and fabrication for several operation-conditions and therefore applications. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Program of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by CRADA agreement LB08003874 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Toyota Motor Company. Figure 1
Investigation on Injuries of Aerobics in Fujian (2001)

For the purpose of preventing and treating, we investigate the injuries of aerobics on 109 female students training in 7 gymnasiums in Fujian. The results are as follows:the incidence of injuries is 58.72%,the injuries usually occur in lower thigh,when they jumping or doing step aerobics.Wrench of the joint,periostitis of the tibia and hypertension of the ligament are often seen.The major causes of injuries include inapposite training volume,and environment factor.Then this paper offers the clear methods and effective measures.
Voltage-Activated Currents through Calcium Channels in Rat Pituitary Melanotrophic Cells (1991)

Voltage-gated currents through Ca channels in rat melanotrophs in short-term primary culture were investigated in whole cell voltage clamp recordings, using Ba2+ ions as charge carrier. At potentials higher than -50 mV a transient current (It) was activated, which inactivated entirely during a 150-ms command pulse and reached a maximal amplitude at -10 mV. At potentials higher than -20 mV a second component (Is) appeared, which inactivated slowly and had its maximal amplitude between 0 and +10 mV. The relative amplitudes of It and Is differed between cells. Application of 40 microM NiCl2 reversibly blocked It while leaving Is intact, whereas 20 microM CdCl2 reversibly blocked Is, but not It. Nifedipine blocked Is concentration dependently, but did not affect It. The steady state inactivation of It occurred between -80 and -40 mV. The steady-state inactivation curve of Is was located between -60 and 0 mV. The latter inactivation curve showed two phases, which were fitted best by the sum of two Boltzmann equations, suggesting the existence of two populations of Is channels.
Supplementary Table S3 from Measurement of Endogenous versus Exogenous Formaldehyde–Induced DNA–Protein Crosslinks in Animal Tissues by Stable Isotope Labeling and Ultrasensitive Mass Spectrometry (2023)

&lt;p&gt;15 ppm Rat Exposure Results.&lt;/p&gt;
Unilateral Cochlear Implants for Severe, Profound, or Moderate Sloping to Profound Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2020)

These consensus statements represent the first step toward the development of international guidelines on best practices for cochlear implantation in adults with SNHL. Further research to develop consensus statements for unilateral cochlear implantation in children, bilateral cochlear implantation, combined electric-acoustic stimulation, unilateral cochlear implantation for single-sided deafness, and asymmetrical hearing loss in children and adults may be beneficial for optimizing hearing and quality of life for these patients.
Circulating Cell-Derived Microparticles in Thrombotic and Inflammatory Disorders (2005)

It is now recognized that all circulating blood cells, as well as endothelial cells (EC), continuously shed small membranous vesicles (microparticles [MPs]), which are approximately less than 1 µm, and that levels of circulating MPs are sensitive indicators of disease activity. The first type extensively studied in patients was platelet MP (PMPs) (1). Currently, endothelial-derived MP (EMPs) have risen to the fore as sensitive markers of EC perturbation, recently reviewed (2) and further considered in this article. Although other reviews may differ in viewpoint and emphasis (3,4), it is generally agreed that circulating MPs comprise different subspecies of membrane vesicles released from endothelium and blood cells, such as platelets, leukocytes, and red blood cells (RBCs). MPs containing negatively charged phospatidylserine (PS) and/or tissue factor are highly procoagulant. MPs that express specific adhesion molecules are capable of interacting with leukocytes and endothelia to initiate inflammatory responses.
Strain softening of concentrated cohesive particulate suspensions prior to yield (2021)

We study the viscoelastic solid properties of cohesive particulate suspensions using creep and constant rate tests in a vane-in-large-cup geometry. A cup-to-vane diameter ratio larger than 4 is used to ensure that wall effects are minimized. In both the creep and constant rate tests, the modulus becomes nonlinear at strains consistent with scaled interparticle bond distances. Yielding and subsequent flow do not occur until strains of order 1, corresponding to a cage melting or particle crowding failure mechanism. In between the bond and cage melting strains, the modulus shows power-law softening with an index of approximately −0.8, corresponding to progressive bond breakage. The observed behavior in creep correlates with constant rate experiments and demonstrates that strain softening of the modulus prior to yielding is an important component of the rheology of particulate gels and suspensions. The assumption of linear behavior up to yielding appears to be inappropriate. We observe that the transient creep behavior initially shows power-law or Andrade creep that transforms to an exponential decay at long times. For creep stresses that show time-dependent yield, the break time decreases exponentially with stress.
Ultrafast repetition rate control for pulsed femtosecond lasers (Conference Presentation) (2020)

The demand for high speed Terahertz measurement devices for industrial and research applications is growing rapidly. From plant biology to nondestructive testing in the automotive industry, there is a long list of applications demanding rapid scanning of femtosecond pulses. We present a novel approach to speed up the repetition rate control by a factor of 10 compared to conventional approaches using electro-optical means . Hence, we have demonstrated repetition rate changes of 100 kHz in less than 1 ms. This increase in speed enables novel applications in Terahertz spectroscopy which will be presented.
Terc, Abram: Kroška Cores (2020)

Die Erzählung wurde 1980 in Paris unter dem Pseudonym Abram Terc publiziert. Ursprünglich zur Veröffentlichung als Teil von Spokojnoj noči, 1985 (Gute Nacht, 1985), vorgesehen, erschien der Text schließlich als eigenständiges Werk im von Sinjavskij in Paris gegründeten Verlag Sintaksis.
Nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of the structure of the self-complementary duplex of d-ApTpGpCpApT in aqueous solution (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance investigations of the structure of the self-complementary duplex of d-ApTpGpCpApT in aqueous solutionDinshaw J. Patel and Alan E. TonelliCite this: Biochemistry 1975, 14, 18, 3990–3996Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00689a010https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00689a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Implications of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with type-1 macrophages via α7-nAChR. (2021)

The human immune system has a generic response strategy to viral infections that begins with local inflammation at the infected site along with the initiation of a primary innate immune response. Beyond a certain threshold, innate immune cells cannot handle the infection, and they call upon adaptive immunity. The innate cells then take up their role in “The Resolution of Inflammation”. The recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen triggers an eicosanoid storm and initiates a robust inflammatory response, leading to a sustained cytokine storm that interferes with the activation of adaptive immune cells, specifically BCL6+ B cells. The mechanism of this interaction, and hence the pathogenesis of the virus with the immune system, is yet to be determined. In silico studies predict a direct viral interaction with type 1 resident macrophages, which could initiate the cascade of events described above. The macrophage population being the target would also explain why older age groups are relatively more susceptible to the virus. Here, we review the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via a cryptic epitope with the α7-nAChR in Type-1 macrophages, discuss the implications it might have on our approach to the generic treatment of COVID-19 patients, and present better prospects for the design and dissemination of more effective vaccines and their importance.
&lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; antimalarial activity of methanol extracts and fractions of &lt;i&gt;Brachystegia eurycoma&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Mondia whitei&lt;/i&gt;on chloroquine-resistant &lt;i&gt;Plasmodium berghei&lt;/i&gt; (2020)

Malaria remains a major public health problem in the tropics. According to WHO estimates, sub-Saharan Africa continues to carry a disproportionately high share of global malaria burden. Oxidative stress plays significant role in malaria pathogenesis. Recently, there is increasing effort to develop more potent antimalarials from plant source. Brachystegia eurycoma and Mondia whitei are used locally for malaria treatment. Medicinal plants used in therapy quite often possess antioxidant activities as a result of its inherent phytoconstituents. The phytochemical composition of Brachystegia eurycoma and Mondia whitei were qualitatively examined. The antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of the leaves of two medicinal plants were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay. The Brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) and Lorke‘s acute toxicity study were used to estimate their toxicities; while Peter‘s 4-day chemosuppresive test was employed to evaluate their antimalarial activities. The flavonoid and saponins content were particularly high in both plants. Using ascorbic acid as reference (IC50 9.26 μg/mL), the antioxidant IC50 values of B. eurycoma and M. whitei were 11.14 μg/ mL and 19.81μg/mL respectively; the BSLA LC50 were 1.8 mg/mL and 1.2 mg/mL; acute toxicity LD50 were 5000 mg/kg and 4500 mg/kg. Brachystegia eurycoma showed stronger daily average antimalarial activity (62.0 %) than Mondia whitei (39.3%), the standard drug, chloroquine, was 85.4%. The chloroform fraction of Brachystegia eurycoma was the most active with (65%) daily average suppression. This suggests that the extracts of leaves of the plants have good antioxidant activities, are non-toxic and supports their antimalarial use in ethnomedicine.
Der Naturstoff Elegaphenon verstärkt antibiotische Effekte gegen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2019)

Abstract Naturstoffe sind eine ergiebige Quelle für Antibiotika, die vielfältige zelluläre Zielstrukturen adressieren. Die Erforschung ihrer Zielproteine mittels chemischer Proteomik wird häufig durch das Einbringen sterisch anspruchsvoller photoreaktiver Gruppen erschwert. Hier verwenden wir Elegaphenon, ein weitestgehend uncharakterisiertes Naturstoffantibiotikum mit einem nativen Benzophenongrundgerüst für affinitätsbasiertes Protein Profiling (AfBPP) in grampositiven und gramnegativen Bakterien. In dieser Studie wurde das Naturstoffgerüst alkinyliert und als Sonde verwendet wodurch es gelungen ist, den Transkriptionsregulator AlgP als biologisches Angriffsziel aufzudecken. Weiterhin wurden durch Proteomprofiling einer Pseudomoas aeruginosa AlgP‐Transposonmutanten einzigartige Erkenntnisse über den Wirkmechanismus gewonnen. Elegaphenon verstärkt die Eliminierung intrazellulärer P. aeruginosa in Makrophagen bei Behandlung mit dem Fluorchinolonantibiotikum Norfloxacin in subinhibitorischen Konzentrationen.
Postdeposition annealing effect on atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 gate insulator on (001) β-Ga2O3 (2021)

β-Ga2O3 is gaining increasing attention from power device engineers owing to its wide bandgap and fabrication potential of low-cost, large-diameter substrates. Atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Al2O3 has application potential for the gate insulation and surface passivation of β-Ga2O3 devices, which cannot incorporate a well-established SiO2/Si system. To improve the device performance and reliability, the effect of postdeposition annealing (PDA) on the gate insulation characteristics of Al/ALD-Al2O3/(001) β-Ga2O3 capacitors was comprehensively investigated. As in previous studies, PDA at 700 °C and higher sharply reduced the capacitor leakage current by three orders of magnitude. This threshold temperature was 100 °C lower than that for GaN devices. Space-charge-controlled field emission analysis revealed that the current reduction was achieved via conduction-band-offset enhancement from 1.45 to 2.2 eV. These changes were caused by Al2O3 crystallization, which started at 650 °C according to an x-ray diffraction analysis. Selective-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showed that the crystallized films comprised twinned γ-Al2O3, wherein the (111) planes are parallel to the sawtooth β-Ga2O3 (101) planes with epitaxial relations of γ-Al2O3 [01¯1] || β-Ga2O3 [010] and γ-Al2O3 [011¯] || β-Ga2O3 [010]. This epitaxy was realized by three-dimensional oxygen sublattice matching with relatively small misfits of less than 1%, 1%, and 8% along the γ-Al2O3 [21¯1¯], [111], and [011¯] directions, respectively. Furthermore, the SAED patterns displayed diffraction spots specific to triaxially tripled γ-Al2O3. This is yet to be identified as δ-Al2O3. Contrary to expectations, PDA magnified the bias instability of β-Ga2O3 capacitors, supposedly owing to the Al2O3 and Ga2O3 solid-solution reaction, which contrasts with the previous significant improvement in GaN capacitors. However, PDA negligibly affected the β-Ga2O3 capacitor interface characteristics. This result also contrasts sharply with the previous results obtained for GaN capacitors that experienced a PDA-induced increase in both interface states and flat-band voltage. This apparent thermal stability of Al2O3/(001) β-Ga2O3 interface can be ascribed to the aforementioned small lattice misfit at the γ-Al2O3/(101) β-Ga2O3 interface, which contrasts with the 12% misfit at the γ-Al2O3/(0001) GaN interface. These findings form the foundation for developing technologies to enhance the performance and reliability of ALD-Al2O3/β-Ga2O3 devices. Specifically, based on them, a guideline for reducing the bias instability is proposed.
A Non-Orthogonal Variational Quantum Eigensolver (2019)

Variational algorithms for strongly correlated chemical and materials systems are one of the most promising applications of near-term quantum computers. We present an extension to the variational quantum eigensolver that approximates the ground state of a system by solving a generalized eigenvalue problem in a subspace spanned by a collection of parametrized quantum states. This allows for the systematic improvement of a logical wavefunction ansatz without a significant increase in circuit complexity. To minimize the circuit complexity of this approach, we propose a strategy for efficiently measuring the Hamiltonian and overlap matrix elements between states parametrized by circuits that commute with the total particle number operator. We also propose a classical Monte Carlo scheme to estimate the uncertainty in the ground state energy caused by a finite number of measurements of the matrix elements. We explain how this Monte Carlo procedure can be extended to adaptively schedule the required measurements, reducing the number of circuit executions necessary for a given accuracy. We apply these ideas to two model strongly correlated systems, a square configuration of H$_4$ and the $π$-system of Hexatriene (C$_6$H$_8$).
Game-theoretic rate-distortion-complexity optimization for HEVC (2013)

This paper presents an algorithm for rate-distortion-complexity optimization for the emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, whose high computational requirements urge the need for low-complexity optimization algorithms. Optimization approaches need to specify different complexity profiles in order to tailor the computational load to the different hardware and power-supply resources of devices. In this work, we focus on optimizing the quantization parameter and partition depth in HEVC via a game-theoretic approach. The proposed rate control strategy alone provides 0.2 dB improvement compared to the approach implemented in HEVC reference software, while rate-distortion-complexity optimization allows very accurate complexity control providing at the same time rate-distortion performance close to the optimal one.
Blocking hyperactive androgen receptor signaling ameliorates cardiac and renal hypertrophy in Fabry mice (2015)

Fabry disease is caused by deficient activity of lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. The enzyme deficiency results in intracellular accumulation of glycosphingolipids, leading to a variety of clinical manifestations including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and renal insufficiency. The mechanism through which glycosphingolipid accumulation causes these manifestations remains unclear. Current treatment, especially when initiated at later stage of the disease, does not produce completely satisfactory results. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of Fabry disease is therefore crucial to developing new treatments. We found increased activity of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in Fabry disease. We subsequently also found that blockade of AR signaling either through castration or AR-antagonist prevented and reversed cardiac and kidney hypertrophic phenotype in a mouse model of Fabry disease. Our findings implicate abnormal AR pathway in the pathogenesis of Fabry disease and suggest blocking AR signaling as a novel therapeutic approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives as Potent and Selective M<sub>2</sub> Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK) Enhances Activation of STAT3/NLRC4 Inflammasome Signaling Axis through PKCδ in Astrocytes: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease (2020)

Astrocytic dysfunction has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. While the Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/Fn14 signaling axis is known to play a role in PD-like neuropathology, the molecular mechanisms that govern this process remain poorly understood. Herein, we show that TWEAK levels are elevated in PD serum compared to controls. Moreover, using both U373 human astrocyte cells and primary mouse astrocytes, we demonstrate that TWEAK induces mitochondrial oxidative stress as well as protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, accompanied by NLRC4 inflammasome activation and upregulation and release of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18. Mechanistically, TWEAK-induced PKCδ activation enhances the STAT3/NLRC4 signaling pathway and other proinflammatory mediators through a mitochondrial oxidative stress-dependent mechanism. We further show that PKCδ knockdown and mito-apocynin, a mitochondrial antioxidant, suppress TWEAK-induced proinflammatory NLRC4/STAT3 signaling and cellular oxidative stress response. Notably, we validated our in vitro findings in an MPTP mouse model of PD and in mice receiving intrastriatal administration of TWEAK. These results indicate that TWEAK is a key regulator of astroglial reactivity and illustrate a novel mechanism by which mitochondrial oxidative stress may influence dopaminergic neuronal survival in PD.