gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the metal transfer control by using pulsed Ar addition in CO<sub>2</sub> arc welding process: studies on pulsed gas MAG welding (2020)

CO2 gas-shielded arc welding, which is widely used in the industrial world, has been recognized as an efficient and economical GMA welding process. However, its characteristic repelled transfer produces a large amount of spatter which results in costly cleanup and, thus, practical methods to overcome this weakness have been highly demanded. In the series of this study, ‘Pulsed Gas MAG’ welding was proposed as a new approach to reducing spatter, in which Ar gas pulses were periodically injected into CO2 shielding gas so that gas composition of arc atmosphere was largely modiﬁed in a very short period of time and a metal droplet formed at the electrode tip during CO2 atmosphere was released before repelled transfer had occurred. In this report, the inﬂuence of parameters of Ar gas injections, such as frequencies, average gas ﬂow rates and gas injection periods, on the metal transfer was investigated. It was found that synchronous metal transfer stimulated by pulsed Ar gas injections was achieved at any frequencies from 35 to 65 Hz under the conditions of gas injection periods longer than 4 ms and of Ar gas volumes larger than approximately 1mL/pulse. This is because Ar gas injections below these critical levels resulted in lack of time for arc shape changes and metal drop detachment. From these experimental results, a model to explain the metal transfer phenomena was developed. The amount of spatter was reduced to the levels as low as that of the conventional MAG welding with 80 %Ar +20 %CO2 shielding gas mix and penetration proﬁles were round shape like those obtained in CO2 arc welding.
Amino Acid Administration Enhances Renal Protein Metabolism after Acute Tubular Necrosis (1983)

The capacity of exogenous amino acids to alter renal protein metabolism was studied during renal regeneration after mercuric chloride-induced acute tubular necrosis in the rat. In regenerating cortical tissue, the free leucine concentration was 17% lower than normal, and was decreased further after glucose infusion. The concentration was raised above normal by amino acid infusion thereby ameliorating the deficit of this amino acid. Synthesis and degradation of rapidly-turning over proteins in renal cortical cells was examined in vitro. Renal protein synthesis in cortical slices was assessed by measurements of tissue leucine specific radioactivity and cycloheximide-inhibitable [14C]leucine incorporation into protein. Protein synthesis in regenerating tissue was 52% higher than normal and was not increased further by glucose infusion. In contrast, amino acid infusion increased the rate 47% above that observed after an isocaloric glucose infusion, thereby demonstrating that amino acid enhancement of protein synthesis is superimposed upon the increased synthetic rate observed during renal regeneration. Renal protein degradation remained at the normal rate after amino acid infusion, but was increased in regenerating tissue and after glucose infusion. These results indicate that infused amino acids act on the kidney to enhance protein synthesis and reduce protein degradation in regenerating renal cells after acute tubular necrosis.
Loss of Pin Fixation in Displaced Supracondylar Humeral Fractures in Children (2007)

Background: Although the results are generally good following pin fixation of supracondylar humeral fractures in children, occasionally there is postoperative displacement. The purposes of the present study were to identify the causes leading to loss of fixation after pin fixation and to present methods for prevention. Methods: We evaluated 322 displaced supracondylar humeral fractures that had been treated with percutaneous pin fixation. We examined fracture classification, pin configuration, intraoperative alignment after fixation, change in alignment after fixation, details of additional procedures, and final radiographic and clinical outcomes. Results: Adequate radiographs were available for 279 of the 322 fractures. Eight (2.9%) of the 279 fractures were associated with postoperative loss of fixation; all eight were Gartland type-III fractures. Seven of these eight fractures initially had been treated with two lateral-entry pins, and one had been treated with two crossed pins. In patients with Gartland type-III fractures, loss of fixation was successfully avoided more often when three pins were used (with fixation being maintained in thirty-seven of thirty-seven patients) as opposed to when two lateral-entry pins were used (with fixation being maintained in thirty-five of forty-two patients) (p = 0.01). In all cases, loss of fixation was due to technical errors that were identifiable on the intraoperative fluoroscopic images and that could have been prevented with proper technique. We identified three types of pin-fixation errors: (1) failure to engage both fragments with two pins or more, (2) failure to achieve bicortical fixation with two pins or more, and (3) failure to achieve adequate pin separation (>2 mm) at the fracture site. Conclusions: Postoperative displacement following pin fixation of supracondylar humeral fractures in children is uncommon. In the present series, loss of fixation was most likely to occur when Gartland type-III fractures were treated with two lateral-entry pins. There were no failures when three pins were used. In all cases of failure, there were identifiable technical errors in pin placement. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Abstract LB-23: Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple loci associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (2013)

Abstract Despite limited discovery stages (&amp;lt;1,125 cases), genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified 13 loci associated with risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL); however, these loci only explain a portion of the heritability. To identify additional genetic loci associated with CLL susceptibility, we conducted the largest meta-analysis of GWAS, to date, including 3,100 CLL cases and 7,667 controls of European ancestry from 25 independent studies genotyped on four different SNP microarrays. Association testing was conducted assuming a log-additive genetic model, adjusting for age, sex, and significant principal components. Meta-analyses were performed using the fixed effects inverse variance method based on the beta estimates and standard errors from each study. Promising loci were taken forward for replication in three additional studies totaling 788 cases and 4,872 controls. In the meta-analysis of both the discovery and replication studies, we conclusively identified ten independent SNPs in nine novel loci that reached genome-wide significance (P&amp;lt;5 x 10−8): 10q23.31 (FAS; P=1.22x10−14), 18q21.33 (BCL2; P=2.66x10−12 and P=7.76x10−11), 11p15.5 (C11orf21; P=2.15x10−10), 4q25 (LEF1; P=4.24x10−10), 2q33.1 (CASP8; P=2.50x10−9), 9p21.3 (CDKN2B-AS1; P=1.27x10−8), 18q21.32 (PMAIP1; P=2.51x10−8), 15q15.1 (BMF; P=2.71x10−10), and 2p22.2 (QPCT; P=1.68x10−8) as well as an independent signal at an established locus (2q13, ACOXL, P=2.08x10−18). We also found evidence for two additional promising loci that reached marginal genome-wide significance (P&amp;lt;2.0x10−7) at 8q22.3 (ODF1; P=5.40x10−8) and 5p15.33 (TERT; P=1.92x10−7). Although further studies are required, the proximity of five of the novel loci to genes involved in apoptosis suggests a possible unifying underlying biological mechanism. Together with the previously established loci, these genetic loci explain ~17% of the familial risk of CLL. Citation Format: Sonja I. Berndt, Christine F. Skibola, Vijai Joseph, Nicola J. Camp, Alexandra Nieters, Zhaoming Wang, Wendy Cozen, Alain Monnereau, Rachel S. Kelly, Silvia de Sanjose, Martha S. Linet, Elio Riboli, Paolo Vineis, Henrik Hjalgrim, James R. Cerhan, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman, Susan L. Slager. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple loci associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-23. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-23
The Effect of Pulmonary Artery Catheter Use on Costs and Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Lung Injury (2011)

www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00234767.
Coordinatively Immobilized Monolayers on Porous Coordination Polymer Crystals (2010)

Flächenspezifisch: Koordinativ immobilisierte Monoschichten (CIMs) fluoreszierender Farbstoffe wurden auf spezifischen Einkristalloberflächen poröser Koordinationspolymere (PCPs) erzeugt (siehe Bild). Der Ansatz ermöglicht die Herstellung von funktionellen PCP-Kristalloberflächen mit präziser Steuerung von Fluoreszenz-Gating und Sensoreigenschaften.
Ultrasound Exposimetry: An Essential Component of Ultrasonic Device Characterization (2023)

In 1988, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control (TUFFC) hosted a Special Issue on Ultrasound Exposimetry (vol. 35, no. 2). This issue is now recognized as seminal; it laid the groundwork for the development of numerous domestic and international standards that are still widely used for calibration and regulatory characterization of ultrasound devices. Since then, medical ultrasound has undergone significant expansion, and the time is right for a sequel. The Guest Editors are delighted to present nine contributions to this Spotlight Issue on Advances in Ultrasound Exposimetry.
Bioactive Indole Derivatives from the South Pacific Marine Sponges Rhopaloeides odorabile and Hyrtios sp. (2011)

Indole derivatives including bromoindoles have been isolated from the South Pacific marine sponges Rhopaloeides odorabile and Hyrtios sp. Their structures were established through analysis of mass spectra and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Their potential inhibitory phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. The new derivative 5,6-dibromo-L-hypaphorine (9) isolated from Hyrtios sp. revealed a weak bee venom PLA₂ inhibition (IC₅₀ 0.2 mM) and a significant antioxidant activity with an Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) value of 0.22. The sesquiterpene aureol (4), also isolated from Hyrtios sp., showed the most potent antioxidant activity with an ORAC value of 0.29.
Clonotypically similar hybrid<b>αβ</b>T cell receptors can exhibit markedly different surface expression, antigen specificity and cross-reactivity (2015)

Emerging data indicate that particular major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-bound antigenic peptides can be recognized by identical or near-identical αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) in different individuals. To establish the functional relevance of this phenomenon, we artificially paired α and β chains from closely related TCRs specific for the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*35:01-restricted HIV-1 negative regulatory factor (Nef)-derived epitope VY8 (VPLRPMTY, residues 74-81). Several hybrid TCRs generated in this manner failed to express at the cell surface, despite near homology with naturally isolated αβ chain combinations. Moreover, a substantial proportion of those αβ TCRs that did express lost specificity for the index VY8 peptide sequence. One such hybrid αβ pair gained neo-variant specificity in the context of the VY8 backbone. Collectively, these data show that clonotypically similar TCRs can display profound differences in surface expression, antigen specificity and cross-reactivity with potential relevance for the control of mutable viruses.
Modeling And Equalization In Radar Imaging For 3-D Reconstruction (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Upregulation of pirin expression by chronic cigarette smoking is associated with bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis (2007)

These observations suggest that up-regulation of pirin may represent one mechanism by which cigarette smoke induces apoptosis in the airway epithelium, an observation that has implications for the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced diseases.
THE PULMONARY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE (1984)

Abstract: The pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) occupies a unique environment, with exposure to both the atmosphere and the blood stream. This position enables the PAM to perform its primary role of protecting the lung from inhaled, potentially damaging, agents. The effects of long term cigarette smoking on the human PAM appear to be functionally minimal when the cells are studied as a group, but the marked recruitment of PAM's which occurs in smokers leads to a greater potential for PAM helpful and/or damaging activity within the lung. The traditional role of phagocytosis is not a global function of the unstimulated human PAM. Of increasing importance for the understanding of pulmonary disease is the ability of the PAM to modulate lymphocyte, polymorphonuclear leukocyte and fibroblast activity. These functions are primarily for the defence of the lung but often produce temporary or permanent lung damage. Subclassification of the human PAM based upon functional heterogeneity may lead to a better understanding of the role of this cell.
Optimized laser patterning for high performance Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub>thin-film solar modules (2014)

The thin-film solar cell market has seen a period of consolidation during the last years and many involved companies were forced to stop production due to increasing price pressure from competing cell technologies. Today, thin-film solar industry is gaining momentum again. Especially Cu(In,Ga)Se2 technology evolves at high pace fired by recently achieved record efficiencies of 20.4 percent on flexible polyimide substrate [1] and 20.8 percent on glass substrate [2]. Fresh companies are preparing market entry with matured products and manufacturing technology suitable for high-volume and high-throughput production. Among these key-enabling technologies is laser patterning for cell-to-cell interconnects. Several research groups worked on efficient and reliable laser processes that are now ready for the industrial assessment. Here we present a set of work-horse processes for P1, P2 and P3 scribing of CIGS cells on glass substrate. Optimized parameters are presented for 532 nm and 1064 nm using 50 ps pulses from an all-in-fiber laser system. We further demonstrate the successful realization of functional 8-cell modules with a reduced “dead-zone” width of 70±5 μm and high efficiencies. The certified efficiency of 16.6 percent for our low-dead-zone champion module confirms the observation that shrinking of interconnects has no adverse effects on their electrical quality.
PHASE I CLINICAL TRIAL OF INTERLEUKIN-12 (IL-12) CYTOKINE GENE THERAPY WITH OBJECTIVE RESPONSES IN CANCER PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS HISTOLOGIES (1997)

Tahara, H.; Elder, E. M.; Cai, O.; Kinzler, D. M.; Storkus, W. J.; Zitvogel, L.; Kirkwood, J. M.; Whiteside, T. L.; Robbins, P. D.; Lotze, M. T. Author Information
Possible formation mechanisms for surface defects observed in heteroepitaxially grown 3C‐SiC (2007)

Abstract p–n diodes were fabricated from 3C‐SiC films heteroepitaxially grown atop on‐axis, Si‐face (0001) 4H‐SiC mesa substrate arrays [P. G. Neudeck et al., Mater. Sci. Forum 433–436 , 213 (2003); 527–529 , 1335 (2006)]. Images taken by electroluminescence‐based optical emission microscopy (ELOEM) and electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) revealed immobile linear features aligned along 〈110〉 directions; defects were expected on these particular devices, as the 3C films were grown on stepped 4H mesas. To explain the formation of these defects, we have used a procedure by which surface energies are calculated for terraces on a stepped 4H, Si‐face surface to investigate their comparative stability; subsequently, we use energetic calculations to confirm the formation – and determine the orientation – of 3C nuclei on the more stable 4H terraces and to evaluate the nature of the coalescence of nuclei from neighbouring terraces. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Softwareframework für Prozessoren mit variablen Befehlssatzarchitekturen (2013)

Die Kahrisma-Architektur erlaubt mittels grobgranularer Rekonfiguration der Mikroarchitektur das Umschalten zwischen einfacher und komplexer Prozessoren. Eine effiziente Umsetzung dieser Flexibilität erfordert allerdings die Verwendung einer rekonfigurierbaren Befehlssatzarchitektur (ISA). Daher wurde innerhalb dieser Arbeit ein mixed-ISA Softwareframework realisiert, das die Programmierung von C/C++-Anwendungen mit variablen ISAs ermöglicht und anhand der Kahrisma-Architektur demonstriert.
Intrafamilial prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Western Brazilian Amazon region: Epidemiologic and biomolecular study (2006)

Intrafamilial transmission of HBV is evident in the present study and is possibly associated with the presence of more than one HBV carrier in the family and the shared use of toothbrushes among household contacts. Genotype analysis confirms intrafamilial transmission.
Partial restoration of immobilization‐induced softening of canine articular cartilage after remobilization of the knee (stifle) joint (1989)

The restoration of the biomechanical properties of articular cartilage was studied after 15 weeks of remobilization of the knee joint in beagles previously immobilized with a cast for 11 weeks. The shear moduli were determined with an indentation creep test immediately after load application and at equilibrium at six predefined test points of femoral, tibial, and patellar cartilages. Permeability of the cartilage was estimated from the creep measurements. The values were compared with nontreated, age-matched (55 weeks) controls and with cartilage collected immediately after immobilization. Remobilization reduced the high creep rates created by immobilization and shifted the depressed equilibrium shear moduli towards those of the controls. However, in the femoral condylar cartilage, the equilibrium shear modulus remained at lower level (p less than 0.05) and permeability at higher level (p less than 0.05) as compared with the controls. We conclude that articular cartilage, showing signs of atrophy after long-term immobilization, was capable of restoring its biomechanical properties during remobilization. This repair was not, however, completed in all parts of the knee joint by the end of the observation period.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Crystalline Graphene Aerogels (2014)

Aerogels are used in a broad range of scientific and industrial applications due to their large surface areas, ultrafine pore sizes, and extremely low densities. Recently, a large number of reports have described graphene aerogels based on the reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Though these GO-based aerogels represent a considerable advance relative to traditional carbon aerogels, they remain significantly inferior to individual graphene sheets due to their poor crystallinity. Here, we report a straightforward method to synthesize highly crystalline GO-based graphene aerogels via high-temperature processing common in commercial graphite production. The crystallization of the graphene aerogels versus annealing temperature is characterized using Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. Nitrogen porosimetry shows that the highly crystalline graphene macrostructure maintains a high surface area and ultrafine pore size. Because of their enhanced crystallinity, these graphene aerogels exhibit a ∼ 200 °C improvement in oxidation temperature and an order of magnitude increase in electrical conductivity.
Epidemiologic Relationship between Fluoroquinolone-Resistant <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Choleraesuis Strains Isolated from Humans and Pigs in Taiwan (1997 to 2002) (2005)

The emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis in recent years has become an important public health issue in Taiwan. The resistant strains that cause human infections are considered to be from pigs. In this study, we characterized 157 swine and 42 human Salmonella serovar Choleraesuis isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and drug susceptibility testing to investigate the epidemiologic relationship among the isolates. By PFGE analyses, two major clusters (clusters GA and GB) were identified. Isolates in cluster GA were of both human and swine origins, while those in cluster GB were from pigs only. Among the various genotypes identified, genotype gt-1a was the most prevalent, which was found in 71% (30 of 42) and 48% (76 of 157) of human and swine isolates, respectively. The susceptibility tests for the 106 gt-1a isolates identified 44 susceptibility profiles and showed that 73% of human isolates and 34% of swine isolates were resistant to three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin). Our findings indicate that a clonal group of Salmonella serovar Choleraesuis may have been circulating in human and swine populations in Taiwan for years and that the fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella serovar Choleraesuis strains most likely evolved from a gt-1a clone that emerged in 2000 and that then caused widespread infections in humans and pigs. Nevertheless, it is still debatable whether those Salmonella infections in humans are caused by isolates derived from pigs, on the basis of the higher fluoroquinolone and other antimicrobial resistance percentages in human isolates than in pig isolates.
&lt;title&gt;Adaptive public watermarking of DCT-based compressed images&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

We propose an adaptive scheme to embed watermark information in DCT blocks of compressed image data. our scheme is designed to avoid artifacts and prevent an increase in the bit rate of the compressed watermarked image. This is essentially done by judicious selection of appropriate blocks for watermark insertion. We also introduce a block-dependent seed generation algorithm to determine the specific coefficients to modify in a particular block. Our proposed technique is simple to implement in software, and hence suitable for real-time software-only insertion of invisible watermarks in JPEG compressed images, and MPEG or MJPEG video streams. We also demonstrate experimentally that our proposed watermarking scheme actually results in bit rate reduction of JPEG compressed images. The proposed technique can also complement existing DCT-based watermarking schemes for copy protection and detection applications.
Regional difference in the susceptibility of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China (2020)

Half of Han Chinese with pre-diabetes/type 2 diabetes had NAFLD, and the individuals from the North cities were more susceptible to NAFLD.
CYP51A polymorphisms of<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>in lung transplant recipients: Prevalence, correlation with phenotype, and impact on outcomes (2021)

In 131 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates originating from 103 lung transplant recipients, the CYP51A polymorphism rate was 26%, mostly represented by N248K and A9T mutations. These mutations, however, did not significantly impact azoles minimal inhibitory concentrations or clinical outcomes.
Investigation of Si Surface by Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction Using the Imaging Plate (1995)

Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) of Si surface was observed by using the imaging plate. The streaky diffraction spots and weak Kikuchi patterns of Si(100) surface were clearly recorded owing to the wide dynamic range of the imaging plate. Furthermore, the change of the RHEED patterns due to the oxidation of Si surface was clarified in detail from their intensity profiles. It was shown that RHEED with the imaging plate was promising to the quantitative analysis of Si surface.