gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FRICTION IN BALL-AND-SOCKET TOTAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY (2012)

School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK This study investigated the effects on friction of changing the dimensions of a ball-and-socket Total Disc Arthroplasty (TDA). A generic ball-and-socket model was designed and manufactured based on the dimensions and geometry of a metal-on-metal Maverick (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) device. Keeping the radial clearance similar to the Maverick, the ball and socket dimensions varied between 10 to 16 mm and 10.015 to 16.015 mm, respectively, in order to enable the comparison between different dimensions. The implants were made out of Cobalt Chrome Molybdenum alloy, with a surface roughness of 0.05 μm. A Bose spine simulator (Bose Corporation, ElectroForce Systems Group, Minnesota, USA) was used to apply an axial compressive force to the TDA. Axial rotation of ±2° was then applied at various frequencies and the resulting frictional torque measured. The tests were performed under an axial load of 50, 600 and 1200 N and frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Hz, for four different samples of radii 10, 12, 14 and 16 mm (48 combinations in total). The results showed variation of frictional torque in different frequencies for all four samples under constant axial load. It was observed that the frictional torque had the lowest value for the implant with ball radius of 16mm. It might be concluded that the implant with larger ball radius may create less friction and hence offer a longer life.
Review of fluorescence guided surgery systems: identification of key performance capabilities beyond indocyanine green imaging (2016)

There is growing interest in using fluorescence imaging instruments to guide surgery, and the leading options for open-field imaging are reviewed here. While the clinical fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) field has been focused predominantly on indocyanine green (ICG) imaging, there is accelerated development of more specific molecular tracers. These agents should help advance new indications for which FGS presents a paradigm shift in how molecular information is provided for resection decisions. There has been a steady growth in commercially marketed FGS systems, each with their own differentiated performance characteristics and specifications. A set of desirable criteria is presented to guide the evaluation of instruments, including: (i) real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, (ii) operation within ambient room lighting, (iii) nanomolar-level sensitivity, (iv) quantitative capabilities, (v) simultaneous multiple fluorophore imaging, and (vi) ergonomic utility for open surgery. In this review, United States Food and Drug Administration 510(k) cleared commercial systems and some leading premarket FGS research systems were evaluated to illustrate the continual increase in this performance feature base. Generally, the systems designed for ICG-only imaging have sufficient sensitivity to ICG, but a fraction of the other desired features listed above, with both lower sensitivity and dynamic range. In comparison, the emerging research systems targeted for use with molecular agents have unique capabilities that will be essential for successful clinical imaging studies with low-concentration agents or where superior rejection of ambient light is needed. There is no perfect imaging system, but the feature differences among them are important differentiators in their utility, as outlined in the data and tables here.
Novel syntheses of alternating copolymers with amide and thioether linkages by polyaddition reactions of bifunctional cyclic iminoethers with dithiols (1984)

Abstract Alternating copolymers with amide and thioether linkages were synthesized by addition reactions of bisoxazolines 1a – 1f and bisoxazines 2a and 2b with dithiols 3a – c in aprotic polar solvents. The reactions of the aromatic bifunctional cyclic iminoethers such as 1a, 1c, 2a, and 2b with the dithiols 3a and 3c in N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone gave polymers with high molecular weight. However, the reactions of the aliphatic derivatives such as 1e and 1f with dithiols as well as the reactions of the bifunctional cyclic iminoethers with 3b led to polymers of low molecular weights. The reactions of methyl substituted bisoxazolines 1b and 1d with dithiols gave also polymers of low molecular weight.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution on Halogenoarene Tricarbonyl Chromium Complexes: Synthesis of Cr(CO)3 Complexed Aniline Derivatives. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pulse selection from a mode-locked TE CO 2 laser output using a resonant acousto-optic modulator (1998)

The pulse separation and associated range ambiguity of a CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser radar using a pulse burst waveform consisting of 1.3 ns mode-locked pulses spaced 40 ns apart was successfully doubled to 80 ns and 12 m respectively by suppressing every alternate pulse. This was done by sending the mode-locked laser output beam with 40 ns pulse spacing through a resonant Raman-Nath acousto-optic modulator driven at 18.75 MHz which is 1.5 times the drive frequency used to intracavity mode-lock the CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser transmitted. The spatial filtering of the diffracted pulses results in the suppression of the alternate pulses to better than 15 dB. The throughputs for the unsuppressed pulses were greater than 95%. The laser radar capability in detecting large targets, <EQ 12 m in radial extent, is thus improved.
The new FioreDB database provides comprehensive information on plant transcription factors and phenotypes induced by CRES-T in ornamental and model plants (2011)

FioreDB (http://www.cres-t.org/fiore/public_db/) is a database of phenotypes induced by Chimeric REpressor gene-Silencing Technology (CRES-T) in ornamental and model plants. CRES-T induces a loss-of-function phenotype of a transcription factor (TF) gene by expression of a chimeric repressor produced by fusion of a TF to the strong transcriptional repression domain (SRDX). The earlier version of FioreDB provided phenotypic information induced by many kinds of chimeric repressors in various plants including torenia, chrysanthemum, cyclamen, gentian, morning glory, lisianthus and Arabidopsis. Phenotypic information, however, was not linked with gene information. We report here the development of the new FioreDB that provides more than 300 phenotypic information of various plants, linked to more than 100 TFs. FioreDB also provides information about classification of TFs, putative repression motifs found in TFs and other proteins, and incorporates publicly available gene information such as sequences and microarray data for all Arabidopsis genes. The new FioreDB described here, will be a valuable resource for basic research of TFs and for the manipulation of traits of agronomically important plants by CRES-T, especially from the point of view of horticulture.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Preparation of 4,4‐Diphenylcyclohexanol: A Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of MS‐325. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Real Time Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Analysis of First Stage CuIn1−xGaxSe2 Growth: Indium-Gallium Selenide Co-Evaporation (2018)

Real time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) has been applied for in-situ monitoring of the first stage of copper indium-gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin film deposition by the three-stage co-evaporation process used for fabrication of high efficiency thin film photovoltaic (PV) devices. The first stage entails the growth of indium-gallium selenide (In<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ga<i><sub>x</sub></i>)₂Se₃ (IGS) on a substrate of Mo-coated soda lime glass maintained at a temperature of 400 °C. This is a critical stage of CIGS deposition because a large fraction of the final film thickness is deposited, and as a result precise compositional control is desired in order to achieve the optimum performance of the resulting CIGS solar cell. RTSE is sensitive to monolayer level film growth processes and can provide accurate measurements of bulk and surface roughness layer thicknesses. These in turn enable accurate measurements of the bulk layer optical response in the form of the complex dielectric function ε = ε₁ - iε₂, spectra. Here, RTSE has been used to obtain the (ε₁, ε₂) spectra at the measurement temperature of 400 °C for IGS thin films of different Ga contents (<i>x</i>) deduced from different ranges of accumulated bulk layer thickness during the deposition process. Applying an analytical expression in common for each of the (ε₁, ε₂) spectra of these IGS films, oscillator parameters have been obtained in the best fits and these parameters in turn have been fitted with polynomials in <i>x</i>. From the resulting database of polynomial coefficients, the (ε₁, ε₂) spectra can be generated for any composition of IGS from the single parameter, <i>x</i>. The results have served as an RTSE fingerprint for IGS composition and have provided further structural information beyond simply thicknesses, for example information related to film density and grain size. The deduced IGS structural evolution and the (ε₁, ε₂) spectra have been interpreted as well in relation to observations from scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy profiling analyses. Overall the structural, optical and compositional analysis possible by RTSE has assisted in understanding the growth and properties of three stage CIGS absorbers for solar cells and shows future promise for enhancing cell performance through monitoring and control.
Advancing the Hexapole Cs-Corrector for the Transmission Electron Microscope (2020)

After 1998, the correction of image aberrations in TEM Compared to its first commercial version the basic design of the TEM corrector (CETCOR) has hardly changed over the years. However, recent instrumental developments (mechanical stability, cold FEGs, monochromators, low-kV applications) have pushed the requirements on aberration correctors to a new level. In order to enable high-resolution phase contrast imaging up to the improved information limit of the TEM, it is mandatory to correct for the dominating six-fold astigmatism A5 and to enable full fourth-order axial aberration correction; this is out of reach with the present CETCOR design. Fig. Additionally, with further improvements of the microscope resolution the intrinsic off-axial star aberration S3g and off-axial three-fold astigmatism A3g significantly limit the available field of view for imaging. Last but not least, parasitic off-axial aberrations such as off-axial twofold astigmatism and two-fold anisotropic off-axial coma B2g often deteriorate the image quality within the recorded field of view. A careful redesign of the CETCOR with optimized hexapole geometries and additional stigmators can remove these limitations for aberration-corrected TEM.
Polybenzimidazole membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries: Effect of sulfuric acid doping conditions (2022)

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) has been considered as promising membrane material for all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) due to its compact morphology that can hinder vanadium crossover. However, its 2–4 mS cm−1 proton conductivity remains a challenge to achieve high energy efficiency. Recently developed PBI membranes showed conductivity up to 18 mS cm−1 by pre-treatment with phosphoric acid (PA) and up to 56 mS cm−1 with KOH. However, since the operation of VRFB uses sulfuric acid (SA), pre-treatment with different chemicals generates chemical wastes. Here we investigate the effects of pre-treaments with SA at various concentrations and temperatures. The optimized membrane (25C_10M, pretreated at 25 °C in 10M SA) increases its thickness during the treatment from 10 to 17 µm, and shows an improved conductivity in 2 M SA of 9.1 mS cm−1. In V4+ containing electrolyte, the area specific resistance was 262 mΩ cm2 , which is 3.3 and 1.7 times better than for 10 µm thick standard PBI (13 µm thick in 2 M SA) and 54 µm thick Nafion 212 membranes, respectively. The selectivity is 458x104 S min cm−3, 7, 30, and 29 times better than for PA, KOH pre-swelling, and Nafion 212 membranes, respectively. A VRFB performance test with a 17 µm thick 25C_10M PBI membrane showed an energy efficiency of 89.6% at 80 mA cm−2.
Ligand binding studies of the F1 moiety of rat liver ATP synthase: implications about the enzyme's structure and mechanism (1987)

F1-ATPase of rat liver was examined for its capacity to interact with both metal ions and nucleotides and for the effect of covalent ATPase inhibitors on these interactions. As isolated, rat liver F1 contains about 2 mol of Mg2+/mol of F1, 1 mol of which can be removed or exchanged. The remaining mole of Mg2+ per mole of F1 remains very tightly associated with F1 and is recovered in the alpha gamma fraction after cold denaturation. Rat liver F1 also contains as isolated a nearly equivalent amount of nucleotide (approximately 1.7 mol/mol of F1) which is readily removed by incubation at room temperature followed by column centrifugation. The "2 Mg2+ enzyme" binds almost 3 mol of 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP)/mol of F1 in the presence or absence of added divalent cation. When divalent cation is present as Co2+, an equivalent activator to Mg2+ in the ATPase reaction, 1 mol of F1 binds 3 mol of both AMP-PNP and Co2+. under these conditions, the very tight Mg2+ site remains loaded, the exchangeable Mg2+ site is replaced with AMP-PNPCo, and two additional AMP-PNPCo sites are filled. At this point, ADP can be loaded onto the enzyme as a fourth nucleotide at a site separate and distinct from the AMP-PNP sites. Significantly, rat liver F1 contains only a single readily detectable ADP binding site in the presence or absence of divalent cation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ViP-DeepLab: Learning Visual Perception with Depth-aware Video Panoptic Segmentation (2020)

In this paper, we present ViP-DeepLab, a unified model attempting to tackle the long-standing and challenging inverse projection problem in vision, which we model as restoring the point clouds from perspective image sequences while providing each point with instance-level semantic interpretations. Solving this problem requires the vision models to predict the spatial location, semantic class, and temporally consistent instance label for each 3D point. ViP-DeepLab approaches it by jointly performing monocular depth estimation and video panoptic segmentation. We name this joint task as Depth-aware Video Panoptic Segmentation, and propose a new evaluation metric along with two derived datasets for it, which will be made available to the public. On the individual sub-tasks, ViP-DeepLab also achieves state-of-the-art results, outperforming previous methods by 5.1% VPQ on Cityscapes-VPS, ranking 1st on the KITTI monocular depth estimation benchmark, and 1st on KITTI MOTS pedestrian. The datasets and the evaluation codes are made publicly available.
Advanced predictive tools based on holistic and targeted approaches for the analytical-sensory correlation of coffee aroma (2011)

Robust and reproducible models were developed to predict the sensory profile of espresso coffee from instrumental data using holistic and targeted approaches. The analytical data were obtained either by analyzing headspace constituents by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTRMS) or by quantifying selected aroma compounds with GC-MS techniques. In both cases the analytical data were correlated with sensory profiles from a trained panel. In the holistic approach, 16 ion traces in the head-space were monitored by PTR-MS. In the targeted approach, several of the 42 aroma compounds exhibited a good correlation to specific sensory descriptorsand may be used as chemical markers. In both approaches, the correlation is based on a knowledge-based standardization and normalization of both datasets that selectively extracts differences in the quality of samples, while reducing the impact of variations on the overall intensity of coffees. Such model is a very useful tool for future development of coffee blends with specific flavour profiles. The results represent a significant progress in correlating sensory with instrumental data exemplified on one of the most complex aromas, i.e. coffee.
Office-Based 532-nm Pulsed KTP Laser Treatment of Glottal Papillomatosis and Dysplasia (2006)

Our observations revealed that the 532-nm pulsed KTP laser provided enhanced performance over the PDL laser in a number of ways. The ability to use smaller glass fibers precluded mechanical trauma to the channels of the flexible laryngoscopes and allowed for improved suctioning of secretions. Oxyhemoglobin absorbs energy better at 532 nm than at 585 nm, and the KTP laser can be delivered through a longer pulse width. These factors provide enhanced hemostasis and improved intralesional energy absorbance. Finally, unlike the PDL, the KTP laser is a solid-state laser and is not prone to mechanical failure.
Functional Relationships between Capacitation-dependent Cell Signaling and Compartmentalized Metabolic Pathways in Murine Spermatozoa (2001)

Spermatozoa are highly polarized cells with specific metabolic pathways compartmentalized in different regions. Previously, we hypothesized that glycolysis is organized in the fibrous sheath of the flagellum to provide ATP to dynein ATPases that generate motility and to protein kinases that regulate motility. Although a recent report suggested that glucose is not essential for murine sperm capacitation, we demonstrated that glucose (but not lactate or pyruvate) was necessary and sufficient to support the protein tyrosine phosphorylation events associated with capacitation. The effect of glucose on this signaling pathway was downstream of cAMP, and appeared to arise indirectly as a consequence of metabolism as opposed to a direct signaling effect. Moreover, the phosphorylation events were not affected by uncouplers of oxidative respiration, inhibitors of electron transfer, or by a lack of substrates for oxidative respiration in the medium. Further experiments aimed at identifying potential regulators of sperm glycolysis focused on a germ cell-specific isoform of hexokinase, HK1-SC, which localizes to the fibrous sheath. HK1-SC activity and biochemical localization did not change during sperm capacitation, suggesting that glycolysis in sperm is regulated either at the level of substrate availability or by downstream enzymes. These data support the hypothesis that ATP specifically produced by a compartmentalized glycolytic pathway in the principal piece of the flagellum, as opposed to ATP generated by mitochondria in the mid-piece, is strictly required for protein tyrosine phosphorylation events that take place during sperm capacitation. The relationship between these pathways suggests that spermatozoa offer a model system for the study of integration of compartmentalized metabolic and signaling pathways.
Multivariate hierarchical model for physical inactivity among public school children (2006)

The results are consistent with published data about determinant factors of physical activity and inactivity among children, showing that questionnaires answered by parents and submitted to a sophisticated statistical analysis can be used in population-based studies involving children younger than 10 years old.
Abstract 2: IGF-1 attenuates antiestrogen- and antiprogestin-induced apoptosis in ER + breast cancer cells by MEK1 regulation of the BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein Bim (2011)

Abstract In an effort to understand the underlying mechanisms of inherent antiestrogen resistance in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells, we have been studying the pro-survival role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in protecting breast cancer cells from death induced by hormonal therapy. In past studies, we demonstrated that IGF-1, at physiologically relevant doses binds the insulin like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), blocks antiestrogen- and antiprogestin- induced apoptosis in ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We further showed that the mechanism of protection was dependent on the action of the dual specificity protein kinase MEK1 (Abstract #4846, Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res, 51, 2010, p1178-79); however we did not elucidate the specific death effector pathway being blocked by MEK1/MAPK signaling. For this study, we sought to identify the specific death pathway blocked by the IGF-IR/MEK1/MAPK prosurvival signaling. We now present strong data identifying the pro-apoptotic BH3 family member Bim as a critical death effector activated by MEK1 blockade in ER+ breast cancer cells. We utilized Bim siRNA, which effectively down-regulated Bim intracellular protein expression by five-to ten-fold. Bim downregulation significantly attenuated the pro-apoptotic action(s) of U0126, as well as that of the antiestrogen 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and/or the antiprogestin mifepristone (MIF). Bim knockdown reduced the generation of ROS that results from treatment with 4-OHT, MIF, and U0126 (whether used as monotherapies or in combination) and is required for MCF-7 apoptotic cell death under these treatment conditions. We are currently elucidating how Bim action induces cell death in breast cancer cells with compromised MEK1 action. These studies support the targeting of MEK1 to activate a Bim-dependent apoptotic pathway during hormonal therapy of early-stage breast cancer, particularly in patients with high circulating levels of IGF-1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2
New Algorithms for Collaborative and Adversarial Decision Making in Partially Observable Stochastic Games (2009)

Abstract : The project has produced new computational models and algorithms for coordination, prediction and planning in situations involving multiple decision makers that operate over an extended period of time in either collaborative or adversarial domains. This includes the development of the decentralized partially-observable Markov decision process (DEC-POMDP) model, memory-bounded algorithm for solving finite-horizon DEC-POMDPs, sparse representations of agent strategies using finite-state controllers, bounded policy iteration algorithms for infinite-horizon DEC-POMDPs, and algorithms for solving DEC-POMDPs using non-linear optimization methods. The project produced the best existing exact algorithms for these problems as well as scalable approximation techniques and benchmark problems that are now widely used within the multi-agent systems community. The report describes these research accomplishments and provides references to published papers and PhD dissertations that include detailed descriptions of the results.