gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Germline TRAV5D-4 T-Cell Receptor Sequence Targets a Primary Insulin Peptide of NOD Mice (2012)

There is accumulating evidence that autoimmunity to insulin B chain peptide, amino acids 9-23 (insulin B:9-23), is central to development of autoimmune diabetes of the NOD mouse model. We hypothesized that enhanced susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes is the result of targeting of insulin by a T-cell receptor (TCR) sequence commonly encoded in the germline. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that a particular Vα gene TRAV5D-4 with multiple junction sequences is sufficient to induce anti-islet autoimmunity by studying retrogenic mouse lines expressing α-chains with different Vα TRAV genes. Retrogenic NOD strains expressing Vα TRAV5D-4 α-chains with many different complementarity determining region (CDR) 3 sequences, even those derived from TCRs recognizing islet-irrelevant molecules, developed anti-insulin autoimmunity. Induction of insulin autoantibodies by TRAV5D-4 α-chains was abrogated by the mutation of insulin peptide B:9-23 or that of two amino acid residues in CDR1 and 2 of the TRAV5D-4. TRAV13-1, the human ortholog of murine TRAV5D-4, was also capable of inducing in vivo anti-insulin autoimmunity when combined with different murine CDR3 sequences. Targeting primary autoantigenic peptides by simple germline-encoded TCR motifs may underlie enhanced susceptibility to the development of autoimmune diabetes.
Dynamic Analysis of Linear Resonant Actuator Driven by DC Motor Taking into Account Contact Resistance Between Brush and Commutator (2008)

This paper describes a highly accurate computation technique to obtain the dynamic characteristics of a linear resonant actuator (LRA) driven by the dc brush motor and a magnetic conversion mechanism employing the 3-D finite-element method. In this calculation, the contact resistance between brush and commutator of the dc brush motor is taken into consideration in the electric circuit equation coupled with magnetic field equation. The influences of the contact resistance on the dynamic characteristics are quantitatively investigated, and the importance of the use of appropriate contact resistance is clarified through the comparison with the measurement.
Characterization of a microfluidic dispensing system for localised stimulation of cellular networks (2006)

We present a 3-D microfluidic device designed for localized drug delivery to cellular networks. The device features a flow cell comprising a main channel for nutrient delivery as well as multiple channels for drug delivery. This device is one key component of a larger, fully integrated system now under development, based upon a microelectrode array (MEA) with on-chip CMOS circuitry for recording and stimulation of electrogenic cells (e.g. neurons, cardiomyocytes). As a critical system unit, the microfluidics must be carefully designed and characterized to ensure that candidate drugs are delivered to specific regions of the culture at known concentrations. Furthermore, microfluidic design and functionality is dictated by the size, geometry, and material/electrical characteristics of the CMOS MEA. Therefore, this paper reports on the design considerations and fabrication of the flow cell, including theoretical and experimental analysis of the mass transfer properties of the nutrient and drug flows, which are in good agreement with one another. To demonstrate proof of concept, the flow cell was mounted on a dummy CMOS chip, which had been plated with HL-1 cardiomyocytes. A test chemical compound was delivered to the cell culture in a spatially resolved manner. Envisioned applications of this stand-alone system include simultaneous toxicological testing of multiple compounds and chemical stimulation of natural neural networks for neuroscience investigations.
Entry-Based versus Selection-Based Interaction Methods (1988)

Five different human-computer interaction techniques were studied to determine the relative advantages of entry-based and selection-based methods. Gould, Boies, Meluson, Rasamny, and Vosburgh (1988), found that entry techniques aided by either automatic or requested string completion, were superior to various selection-based techniques. This study examines unaided as well as aided entry techniques, and compares them to selection-based methods. Variations in spelling difficulty and database size were studied for their effect on user performance and preferences. The main results were that automatic string completion was the fastest method and selection techniques were better than unaided entry techniques, especially for hard-to-spell words. This was particularly true for computer-inexperienced participants. The database size had its main influence on performance with the selection techniques. In the selection and aided-entry methods there was a strong correlation between the observed keystroke times and the minimum number of keystrokes required by a task.
Indocyanine Green Enables Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Lipid-Rich, Inflamed Atherosclerotic Plaques (2011)

New high-resolution molecular and structural imaging strategies are needed to visualize high-risk plaques that are likely to cause acute myocardial infarction, because current diagnostic methods do not reliably identify at-risk subjects. Although molecular imaging agents are available for low-resolution detection of atherosclerosis in large arteries, a lack of imaging agents coupled to high-resolution modalities has limited molecular imaging of atherosclerosis in the smaller coronary arteries. Here, we have demonstrated that indocyanine green (ICG), a Food and Drug Administration-approved near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)-emitting compound, targets atheromas within 20 min of injection and provides sufficient signal enhancement for in vivo detection of lipid-rich, inflamed, coronary-sized plaques in atherosclerotic rabbits. In vivo NIRF sensing was achieved with an intravascular wire in the aorta, a vessel of comparable caliber to human coronary arteries. Ex vivo fluorescence reflectance imaging showed high plaque target-to-background ratios in atheroma-bearing rabbits injected with ICG compared to atheroma-bearing rabbits injected with saline. In vitro studies using human macrophages established that ICG preferentially targets lipid-loaded macrophages. In an early clinical study of human atheroma specimens from four patients, we found that ICG colocalized with plaque macrophages and lipids. The atheroma-targeting capability of ICG has the potential to accelerate the clinical development of NIRF molecular imaging of high-risk plaques in humans.
Defects in Amorphous Semiconductors: The Case of Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (2018)

Understanding the physics of defective amorphous semiconductors such as indium gallium zinc oxide ($a$-IGZO) is of paramount importance for engineering thin-film transistors for large-area electronics, like your television. This work introduces a first-principles approach for studying defects in amorphous semiconductors, rationalizing the nature of these defects and offering a coherent description of $a$-IGZO that explains its experimentally observed electrical instabilities. The methodology offers a basis for insightful device optimization.
Increasing the Reusability of Embedded Real-time Software by a Standardized Interface for Paravirtualization. (2014)

Applying System Virtualization to Reuse Software. Hypervisor-based virtualization refers to the division of the resources of a computer system into multiple execution environments in order to share the hardware. Multiple existing software stacks of operating system and applications such as third party components, trusted legacy software, and newly developed application-specific software can be combined in isolated virtual machines to implement the required functionality as a system of systems. Virtualization is a promising software architecture to meet the high functional requirements of complex embedded and cyber-physical systems. The consolidation of software stacks leads in many cases to reduced bill of material costs, size, weight, and power consumption compared to multiple hardware units. This work focuses on the increase of reusability of embedded real-time software by a standardized interface between hypervisor and operating system. Virtualization offers in this regard the following benefits:
A treatment algorithm for the management of cervical spine fractures and deformity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (2008)

Patients with AS are highly susceptible to extensive neurological injury and spinal deformity after sustaining cervical fractures from even minor traumatic forces. These injuries are uniquely complex in nature and require considerable scrutiny and aggressive surgical management to optimize spinal stability and functional outcomes. The authors' clinical problem-solving algorithm will assist spine surgeons in providing optimal care in this difficult population.
Hybrid macromolecular stars with fullerene(C<sub>60</sub>) core included in polyphenyleneisophthalamide membranes for n-butanol dehydration (2019)

The problem of n-butanol ‒ water separation arises from the widespread interest to the search for alternative energy sources. To solve the problem by membrane technique, pervaporation membranes were developed on the basis of polyphenyleneisophthalamide modified with hybrid star macromolecules containing six arms of polystyrene and six arms of poly-tert-butyl methacrylate on the fullerene (C60) core. The structure was studied by scanning electron microscopy that reveal a tendency to form domains in the membranes modified by star macromolecules. Modification of the membrane by star fullerene (C60)-containing macromolecules led to a sharp increase in the selectivity and permeability of the membrane. Transport properties of novel membranes were studied in pervaporation of n-butanol‒water mixtures to separate n-butanol from water admixture for further use of this alcohol as industrial solvent and biofuel. It was found that introduction up to 5 wt% star modifier increases the separation efficiency of membranes in dehydration of n-butanol (water content in the permeate reaches 99.9 wt% while pervaporation separation index comes up to 400 kg/m2h), which allows obtaining high-purity n-butanol.
P-88. (1997)

*Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University-Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; and †Department Obstetrics/Gynecology, Klinikum Aschaffenburg, Germany.
(<i>S</i>)-3-Dimethylamino-2-{(4<i>S</i>,5<i>R</i>)-5-[(<i>R</i>)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl}-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (2007)

The Kiliani reaction on 1-de­oxy-(N,N-dimethyl­amino)-d-fructose, itself readily available from reaction of dimethyl­amine and d-glucose, proceeded to give access to the title β-sugar amino acid, C15H27NO7. X-ray crystallography determined the stereochemistry at the newly formed chiral center. There are two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit; they are related by a pseudo-twofold rotation axis and have very similar geometries, differing only in the conformation of one of the acetonide rings. All the acetonide rings adopt envelope conformations; the flap atom is oxygen in three of the rings, but carbon in one of them. There are two strong hydrogen bonds between the two independent mol­ecules, and further weak hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules to form infinite chains running parallel to the a axis.
Encapsulation of Ibuprofen in CD-MOF and Related Bioavailability Studies (2017)

Although ibuprofen is one of the most widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it exhibits poor solubility in aqueous and physiological environments as a free acid. In order to improve its oral bioavailability and rate of uptake, extensive research into the development of new formulations of ibuprofen has been undertaken, including the use of excipients as well as ibuprofen salts, such as ibuprofen lysinate and ibuprofen, sodium salt. The ultimate goals of these studies are to reduce the time required for maximum uptake of ibuprofen, as this period of time is directly proportional to the rate of onset of analgesic/anti-inflammatory effects, and to increase the half-life of the drug within the body; that is, the duration of action of the effects of the drug. Herein, we present a pharmaceutical cocrystal of ibuprofen and the biocompatible metal-organic framework called CD-MOF. This metal-organic framework (MOF) is based upon γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) tori that are coordinated to alkali metal cations (e.g., K<sup>+</sup> ions) on both their primary and secondary faces in an alternating manner to form a porous framework built up from (γ-CD)<sub>6</sub> cubes. We show that ibuprofen can be incorporated within CD-MOF-1 either by (i) a crystallization process using the potassium salt of ibuprofen as the alkali cation source for production of the MOF or by (ii) absorption and deprotonation of the free-acid, leading to an uptake of 23-26 wt % of ibuprofen within the CD-MOF. In vitro viability studies revealed that the CD-MOF is inherently not affecting the viability of the cells with no IC<sub>50</sub> value determined up to a concentration of 100 μM. Bioavailability investigations were conducted on mice, and the ibuprofen/CD-MOF pharmaceutical cocrystal was compared to control samples of the potassium salt of ibuprofen in the presence and absence of γ-CD. From these animal studies, we observed that the ibuprofen/CD-MOF-1 cocrystal exhibits the same rapid uptake of ibuprofen as the ibuprofen potassium salt control sample with a peak plasma concentration observed within 20 min, and the cocrystal has the added benefit of a 100% longer half-life in blood plasma samples and is intrinsically less hygroscopic than the pure salt form.
How Does a Key Fit a Flexible Lock? Dynamics (1989)

Summary The preceding jive years have brought remarkable advances in our understand- ing of the primary structure of drug receptors. The roles of certain amino acid residues in binding drugs and effect- ing receptor function have been proposed. As even more detailed structures become available, the goal of rational design of drug molecules based on predicted fits between the drug and its receptor will be near at hand. Although none of the classical receptors has yet yielded to X- ray crystallographic analysis, the methods of molecular biology facilitate the production of the large amounts of these rare proteins necessary for crystal- lization. Receptor proteins share one fundamental characteristic with allo- sterically regulated enzymes. Both have the structural Jexibility that allows in- formation to be transmitted to distant parts of the molecule. We will discuss recent observations about receptor struc- ture and the dynamic nature of drug receptors, and pose questions about the signijicance of receptor dynamics for drug design.
External weighing with analytical balances: determination of magnetic susceptibility of inorganic compounds (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExternal weighing with analytical balances: determination of magnetic susceptibility of inorganic compoundsHenrique E. Toma , Ana Maria C. Ferreira , and Viktoria K. Lakatos Osorio Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 7, 600Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1983Published inissue 1 July 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ed060p600RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Type IV Pilus Alignment Subcomplex Proteins PilN and PilO Form Homo- and Heterodimers in Vivo (2016)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections and is resistant to many antibiotics. Type IV pili (T4P) are among the key virulence factors used by P. aeruginosa for host cell attachment, biofilm formation, and twitching motility, making this system a promising target for novel therapeutics. Point mutations in the conserved PilMNOP alignment subcomplex were previously shown to have distinct effects on assembly and disassembly of T4P, suggesting that it may function in a dynamic manner. We introduced mutations encoding Cys substitutions into pilN and/or pilO on the chromosome to maintain normal stoichiometry and expression levels and captured covalent PilNO heterodimers, as well as PilN and PilO homodimers, in vivo Most covalent PilN or PilO homodimers had minimal functional impact in P. aeruginosa, suggesting that homodimers are a physiologically relevant state. However, certain covalent homo- or heterodimers eliminated twitching motility, suggesting that specific PilNO configurations are essential for T4P function. These data were verified using soluble N-terminal truncated fragments of PilN and PilO Cys mutants, which purified as a mixture of homo- and heterodimers at volumes consistent with a tetramer. Deletion of genes encoding alignment subcomplex components, PilM or PilP, but not other T4P components, including the motor ATPases PilB or PilT, blocked in vivo formation of disulfide-bonded PilNO heterodimers, suggesting that both PilM and PilP influence the heterodimer interface. Combined, our data suggest that T4P function depends on rearrangements at PilN and PilO interfaces.
Novel differential linear B‐cell epitopes to identify Zika and dengue virus infections in patients (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1066.].
Supplementary Data from A Novel Fusion Toxin Derived from an EpCAM-Specific Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein Has Potent Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S2.&lt;/p&gt;
Modulation of the function of the multidrug resistance–linked ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 by the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin (2006)

Curcumin (curcumin I), demethoxycurcumin (curcumin II), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (curcumin III) are the major forms of curcuminoids found in the turmeric powder, which exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the ability of purified curcuminoids to modulate the function of either the wild-type 482R or the mutant 482T ABCG2 transporter stably expressed in HEK293 cells and drug-selected MCF-7 FLV1000 and MCF-7 AdVp3000 cells. Curcuminoids inhibited the transport of mitoxantrone and pheophorbide a from ABCG2-expressing cells. However, both cytotoxicity and [(3)H]curcumin I accumulation assays showed that curcuminoids are not transported by ABCG2. Nontoxic concentration of curcumin I, II, and III sensitized the ABCG2-expressing cells to mitoxantrone, topotecan, SN-38, and doxorubicin. This reversal was not due to reduced expression because ABCG2 protein levels were unaltered by treatment with 10 mumol/L curcuminoids for 72 hours. Curcumin I, II, and III stimulated (2.4- to 3.3-fold) ABCG2-mediated ATP hydrolysis and the IC(50)s were in the range of 7.5 to 18 nmol/L, suggesting a high affinity of curcuminoids for ABCG2. Curcuminoids also inhibited the photolabeling of ABCG2 with [(125)I]iodoarylazidoprazosin and [(3)H]azidopine as well as the transport of these two substrates in ABCG2-expressing cells. Curcuminoids did not inhibit the binding of [alpha-(32)P]8-azidoATP to ABCG2, suggesting that they do not interact with the ATP-binding site of the transporter. Collectively, these data show that, among curcuminoids, curcumin I is the most potent modulator of ABCG2 and thus should be considered as a treatment to increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
Development of ultraline-narrowed F&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt; laser system for microlithography (2002)

According to the recent roadmap of semiconductor fabrication, it is predicted that the semiconductor market will demand 70nm node devices from 2004 or 2005. ASET (Association of Super Advanced Electronics Technologies) started “The F2 Laser Lithography Development Project” in March 2000, developing the ultra line-narrowed F2 laser system for dioptric design exposure tools. The final target of this project is to achieve a F2 laser spectral bandwidth of 0.2pm (FWHM) at a repetition rate of 5000Hz and an average power of 25W. In this work, we have developed an engineering laser system consisting of an oscillator laser and an amplifier. With this laser system, we have tested two arrangements: MOPA(Master Oscillator Power Amplifier) and Injection Locking. Locked time ranges for injection locking system and MOPA were 40ns and 10ns, respectively, with stable output energy. A spectral bandwidth of 0.2pm and an energy stability (3 σ) of less than 5% at a repetition rate of 1000Hz with an average power of 14W was achieved for injection locked operation.
Co-trimoxazole versus nafcillin in the therapy of experimental meningitis due to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1987)

Co-trimoxazole was compared with nafcillin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in the therapy of experimental Staph. aureus meningitis in rabbits. Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim:sulphamethoxazole in a 1:20 ratio) was synergistic against 22/24 strains of Staph. aureus in vitro. The MBC90 of co-trimoxazole and nafcillin were 0.156-3.12 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l, respectively, concentrations below those achievable in purulent cerebrospinal fluid. The rate of bacterial killing (Staph. aureus) by co-trimoxazole and nafcillin were similar in both broth and pooled CSF in vitro. However, the MBC increased and the rate of bactericidal activity of both agents declined when tested in CSF at a higher inoculum (10(7) cfu/ml). During continuous intravenous infusion therapy of a reproducible, uniformly fatal (if untreated) model of experimental Staph. aureus meningitis, serum concentrations of all agents closely approximated those found in humans receiving standard parenteral regimens. The mean percent penetration into CSF ([CSF]/[serum] X 100) was 2.9, 35.6 and 27.1% for nafcillin, trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole, respectively. Although both nafcillin and co-trimoxazole therapy reduced CSF Staph. aureus concentrations significantly more rapidly (P less than 0.001) when compared to untreated controls, the bactericidal rate was modest. The CSF was rendered sterile in 0/64 animals treated with either regimen for 8 h. Nafcillin was more rapidly bactericidal in vivo (P less than 0.03) than co-trimoxazole in this model. Caution is advised in the use of co-trimoxazole for infections of the central nervous system caused by Staph. aureus.