gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Waste Loading on the Characteristics of Borosilicate SRS SB4 Waste Glasses (2009)

The glasses containing surrogate of Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) waste with high concentrations of aluminum and ferrous oxides within the waste loading (WL) range of ∼50 to 70 wt.% produced in alumina crucibles in a resistive furnace and in a 236 mm inner diameter cold crucible were examined by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. At relatively low WLs (50 to 60 w.%) the products remain predominantly vitreous with minor crystalline spinel structure phase corresponding in chemical composition to trevorite-magnetite solid solution. At higher WLs (&amp;gt;60 wt.%) amount of crystalline phases increased significantly and a nepheline phase was observed. The products with WL of 65 to 70 wt.% were spinel/nepheline glass-ceramics. The glass with 60 wt.% WL slowly cooled in accordance with the canister centerline cooling (CCC) conditions contained minor nepheline. Occurrence of nepheline reduces the chemical durability of nuclear waste glasses.
Extracellular Environment-Controlled Angiogenesis, and Potential Application for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (2021)

Endothelial cells acquire different phenotypes to establish functional vascular networks. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling induces endothelial proliferation, migration, and survival to regulate vascular development, which leads to the construction of a vascular plexuses with a regular morphology. The spatiotemporal localization of angiogenic factors and the extracellular matrix play fundamental roles in ensuring the proper regulation of angiogenesis. This review article highlights how and what kinds of extracellular environmental molecules regulate angiogenesis. Close interactions between the vascular and neural systems involve shared molecular mechanisms to coordinate developmental and regenerative processes. This review article focuses on current knowledge about the roles of angiogenesis in peripheral nerve regeneration and the latest therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
Vacuum-insulated-gate field-effect transistor (1989)

A vacuum-insulated-gate field-effect transistor (V1GFET) is fabricated using a modified polysilicon-gate MOS process. The vacuum insulation is formed by first selectively etching the initial SiO2 layer under the polysilicon gate in HF and then depositing LPCVD SiO2 (LTO) to seal the evacuated cavity under the gate. Initial measurements of n-channel FET drain characteristics result in an effective value for the channel-electron mobility × gate capacitance product of k&apos; = μnC&apos; = 21μAV-2, comparable to that of conventional MOSFETs.
Rapid Growth of Mycobacterium Species in Patients with Occupation Related to Silica (2011)

In this study sputum culture positive cases for tuberculosis in automated TB culture system were studied for patients with occupation related to silica and for patients with occupation not related to silica and their important related findings were categorized and analysed. Similarly control groups were also studied who were TB culture negative in automated TB culture system. Tuberculosis was found common in the age group of 21-30 years, but in patients with silica related occupation, it also occurred at a higher age group and in silica group there is a male preponderance. Among associated microorganisms Candida spp. were found more in silica group than in non-silica group. The growth pattern of Mycobacteria spp. Indicated a definite role of silicon on multiplication and growth of Mycobacterium spp.
Similarity-based operators and query optimization for multimedia database systems (2002)

The many successful research results in the domain of computer vision have made similarity based data retrieval techniques a promising approach. As a result, the integration of similarity based retrieval techniques of multimedia data into DBMSs is currently an active research issue. We first illustrate the importance of similarity based operations. Then, we present our image data repository model that supports similarity based operations conveniently under an object-relational database paradigm. Furthermore, we present novel similarity based operators on image tables and study their properties. Finally, based on the properties of the operators identified, we derive algebraic rules that are useful for similarity based query optimization and we introduce a cost model for an implementation of one of the major similarity based operators.
Evaluation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Vibrio cholerae (2014)

We evaluated the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of Vibrio cholerae. MS identified all 42 isolates of V. cholerae O1 and O139 and 7 of 9 non-O1/O139 isolates. MS correctly discriminated between all Aeromonas and V. cholerae isolates. Overall, MS performed as well as or better than biochemical methods.
The effects of fixational tremor on the retinal image (2018)

Abstract The study of fixational eye motion (FEM) has implications for the neural and computational underpinnings of vision. One component of FEM is tremor, a high-frequency oscillatory jitter reported to be anywhere from ∼5 to 60 seconds of arc in amplitude. In order to isolate the effects of tremor on the retinal image directly and in the absence of optical blur, high-frequency, high-resolution eye traces were collected in 6 subjects from videos recorded with an Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope. Videos were acquired while subjects engaged in an active fixation task where they fixated on a tumbling E stimulus and reported changes in its orientation. Spectral analysis was conducted on isolated segments of optical drift. The resultant amplitude spectra showed a slight deviation from the traditional 1/f nature of optical drift in the frequency range of 50-100 Hz, which is indicative of tremor; however, the amplitude of this deviation rarely exceeded one second of arc, smaller than any magnitude previously reported.
Visualizing Particle-Based Simulation Datasets on the Desktop (2006)

We present an approach to rendering large, time-varying particle-based simulation datasets using programmable graphics hardware on desktop computer systems. Particle methods are used to model a wide range of complex phenomena, and effective visualization of the resulting data requires communicating subtle changes in the three-dimensional structure, spatial organization, and qualitative trends within a simulation as it evolves, as well as allowing easier navigation and exploration of the data through interactivity. We highlight the critical components of our approach, and introduce an extension to the coherent hierarchical culling algorithm that often improves temporal coherence and leads to better average performance for time-varying datasets. Our approach performs competitively with current particle visualization systems based on interactive ray tracing that require tightly coupled supercomputers. Moreover, our system runs on hardware that is a fraction of the cost of these systems, making particle visualization and data exploration more accessible. We thus advance the current state-of-the-art by bringing visualization of particle-based simulation datasets to the desktop. Key words: particle-based simulation, particle visualization, interactive rendering, occlusion algorithms 1.
A Systems Biology Approach Identifies Inflammatory Abnormalities Between Mouse Strains Prior to Development of Metabolic Disease (2010)

Insulin resistance in mice with differential susceptibility to diabetes and metabolic syndrome is preceded by differences in the inflammatory response of adipose tissue. This phenomenon may serve as an early indicator of disease and contribute to disease susceptibility and progression.
MAGIC observation of the GRB 080430 afterglow&#13;\n (2010)

Context. Gamma-ray bursts are cosmological sources emitting radiation from the gamma-rays to the radio band. Substantial observational efforts have been devoted to the study of gamma-ray bursts during the prompt phase, i.e. the initial burst of high-energy radiation, and during the long-lasting afterglows. In spite of many successes in interpreting these phenomena, there are still several open key questions about the fundamental emission processes, their energetics and the environment. Aims. Independently of specific gamma-ray burst theoretical recipes, spectra in the GeV/TeV range are predicted to be remarkably simple, being satisfactorily modeled with power-laws, and therefore offer a very valuable tool to probe the extragalactic background light distribution. Furthermore, the simple detection of a component at very-high energies, i.e. at similar to 100GeV, would solve the ambiguity about the importance of various possible emission processes, which provide barely distinguishable scenarios at lower energies. Methods. We used the results of the MAGIC telescope observation of the moderate resdhift (z similar to 0.76) GRB 080430 at energies above about 80 GeV, to evaluate the perspective for late-afterglow observations with ground based GeV/TeV telescopes. Results. We obtained an upper limit of F(95% CL) = 5.5 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1) for the very-high energy emission of GRB 080430, which cannot set further constraints on the theoretical scenarios proposed for this object also due to the difficulties in modeling the low-energy afterglow. Nonetheless, our observations show that Cherenkov telescopes have already reached the required sensitivity to detect the GeV/TeV emission of GRBs at moderate redshift (z less than or similar to 0.8), provided the observations are carried out at early times, close to the onset of their afterglow phase.&#13;\n
Robotic Resection of a Superior Sulcus Neurogenic Tumor (2015)

Neurogenic tumors do not often occur in the superior sulcus or apex of the chest cavity. Historically, surgical approaches have been dictated by the location of the tumor and its relation to the contiguous structures such as the vertebral bodies, subclavian vessels, and chest wall. Resection is hampered by difficulties with visualization and access within a narrow working space. The shortcomings associated with the traditional surgical approaches create a potential of injury to nearby structures. We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with a superior sulcus neurogenic tumor impinging on the left subclavian vein, who underwent a successful resection without injury to nearby structures. We found that a robotic approach improved visualization of the tumor and nearby structures and increased instrument maneuverability relative to a thoracoscopic approach, along with less pain and recovery time compared with a thoracotomy. This experience suggests that robotics provides a promising alternative for excision of superior sulcus neurogenic tumors, which may reduce associated morbidity.
The UVB photoreceptor UVR8 mediates accumulation of UV‐absorbing pigments, but not changes in plant morphology, under outdoor conditions (2017)

UVB radiation is biologically active; in plants, it can induce a range of molecular, biochemical, morphological and developmental responses. Although much progress has been made in elucidating UVB perception and signalling pathways under controlled laboratory conditions, understanding of the adaptive, ecological role of UVB responses is still very limited. In this study, we looked at the functional role of UVR8 under outdoor light conditions, by studying growth, photosynthetic competence and accumulation of UV absorbing pigments in a mutant lacking functional UVR8 protein. It was found that the influence of UVB on morphology is restricted to summer and is independent of UVR8. In contrast, UVB had an effect on the content of UV-absorbing pigments and the maximal efficiency of photosystem II of photosynthesis in the uvr8-1 mutant throughout the year. It is concluded that the UVR8 photoreceptor plays a role throughout the year, in the temperate climate zone, even when UVB levels are relatively low.
Propylene Glycol: A Recyclable Solvent System for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives Using ZnCl2 as an Catalyst (2013)

Zinc chloride efficiently catalysed the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes in PPG. This method provides a novel route for the synthesis of benzimidazoles in good yields with little catalyst loading. The recovery and the successful reutilization of the solvent system are also presented. Moreover, the easy set-up and purification tasks of this sustainable method make it appealing for bulk industry applications.
Anaerobranca gottschalkii sp. nov., a novel thermoalkaliphilic bacterium that grows anaerobically at high pH and temperature. (2001)

A novel thermoalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic bacterium was isolated from a humid soil sample of a hot inlet of Lake Bogoria, Kenya. The newly isolated strain grows optimally at pH 9.5 and 50-55 degrees C and its growth range is pH 6.0-10.5 and 30-65 degrees C. Unlike the already known thermoalkaliphiles, the strain grows heterotrophically on a variety of mono- and polysaccharides (glucose, ribose, mannose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, starch, pullulan, xylan and cellulose) and on proteinaceous substrates such as yeast extract, peptone and tryptone. No dissimilatory sulfate reduction was observed, whereas thiosulfate was found to enhance growth when glucose or starch were used as substrates. Under optimal conditions, the doubling time is 48 min. Sodium ions are necessary for growth, with an optimal concentration of 230 mM (1% NaCl, w/v) at pH 9.5. The rod-shaped cells are motile in the exponential growth phase under optimal growth conditions. Despite the Gram-negative staining and negative KOH assay, the strain is a Gram-positive organism, having an atypically thin cell wall. A sheath-like structure occurs at the cell separation area and parts of a surface layer-like structure were also observed. Based on physiological properties and molecular biological analysis, the strain falls within the radiation of the clostridia and represents a new species of Anaerobranca within the Clostridium/Bacillus subphylum of the Gram-positive bacteria. Strain LBS3T (= DSM 13577T) is named Anaerobranca gottschalkii sp. nov. and is designated as the type strain.
Incorporative mixing in microreactors: Influence on reactions and importance of inlet designation (2022)

Fast mixing is an essential feature of a microreactor. This study reveals the critical role of microscopic fluid incorporation on fast chemical reactions in a microreactor. The vortices in a microreactor produce tiny fluid segments, and the incorporation of these segments into the surrounding fluid triggers chemical reactions. The selectivity of chemical reactions highly depends on the type of the fluid segment incorporated into the fluid. Microreactor operations that consider incorporative mixing can achieve better reaction results, even with slow mixing. For example, a tee mixer showed better reaction performance with the vertical confluence configuration than with the symmetric configuration, although the symmetric 180-degree confluence provides more intense mixing. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations showed that vertical confluence enabled the division and incorporation of a stream from the horizontal inlet into another stream. The appropriate inlet designation is vital when two inlets of a microreactor differ in dimensions, directions, or positions because the different inlets provide different mixing profiles. The two inlets of the microreactor were distinguishable even though the fabrication error was insignificant. For instance, feed orientations changed the side-product yield seven times in a 3D-printed microreactor. Moreover, the impact of incorporative mixing on particle synthesis was confirmed. Switching the two inlets significantly influenced the morphology and size of the synthesized particles by changing the initial nucleation environment. In conclusion, considering incorporative mixing and optimal inlet orientation will enhance the performance and flexibility of microreaction technology.
Asynchronous circuit placement by Lagrangian relaxation (2014)

Recent asynchronous VLSI circuit placement approach tries to leverage synchronous placement tools as much as possible by manual loop-breaking and creation of virtual clocks. However, this approach produces an exponential number of explicit timing constraints which is beyond the ability of synchronous placement tools to handle. Thus, synchronous placer can only produce suboptimal results. Also, it can be very costly in terms of runtime. This paper proposed a new placement approach for asynchronous VLSI circuits. We formulated the asynchronous timing-driven placement problem and transform this problem into a weighted wirelength minimization problem based on a Lagrangian relaxation framework. The problem can then be efficiently solved using any standard wirelength-driven placement engine that can handle net weights. We demonstrate our approach on QDI PCHB asynchronous circuit with a state-of-art quadratic placer. The experimental results show that our algorithm can effectively improve the asynchronous circuits performance at placement stage. In addition, the runtime of our algorithm is shown to be more scalable to large-scale circuits compared with the loop-breaking approach.
Comparative Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Chain Length Dependence of Frictional Properties of Alkanethiols on Gold and Alkylsilanes on Mica (1997)

A comparative study of the frictional properties of alkanethiols and alkylsilanes as a function of chain length is presented. The monolayers were produced by self-assembly on Au(111) and mica, respectively. The same tip was used for all the experiments, and freshly cleaved mica was used as a reference. For both types of films, the frictional forces depend strongly on the number of carbon atoms in the alkane chain (CH3−(CH2)n-1−R). Thiols and silanes give rise to similar frictional force for the same n when n > 11, while for n < 11 the behavior is markedly different; the silanes exhibit higher friction, larger than that for the thiols by a factor of ∼3 for n = 6. The increase in friction is attributed to the increased disorder that occurs when going from a thiol to a silane anchor or when decreasing n. It is proposed that disorder favors the increase of the number and type of low-energy modes (kinks, bending, distortions) that are available for excitation and energy dissipation.
Those Unpredictable Recessions (2011)

Contemporary global economic life is measured in days and hours, but most common economic indicators have inevitable lags of months and sometimes quarters (GDP). Moreover, the real-time picture of economic dynamics may differ in some sense from the same picture in its historical perspective, because all fluctuations receive their proper weights only in the context of the whole. Therefore, it’s important to understand whether the existing indicators are really capable of providing important information for decision-makers. In other words, could they be useful in real-time? Why then was it so difficult for the experts to recognize the turning points in real time? What hampers this ability to recognize? Can a turning points’ forecast be entirely objective? The paper answers these questions in terms of three cyclical indicators for the USA (LEI by the Conference Board, CLI by OECD and PMI by ISM) during the last 2008-2009 recession.
Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Earlier Recovery of Left Ventricular Systolic Function After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Compared With Surgical Valve Replacement (2013)

In patients with severe AS and reduced EF, TAVI is associated with faster and better recovery of LV function compared with AVR.
Gallbladder-derived surfactant protein D regulates gut commensal bacteria for maintaining intestinal homeostasis (2017)

The commensal microbiota within the gastrointestinal tract is essential in maintaining homeostasis. Indeed, dysregulation in the repertoire of microbiota can result in the development of intestinal immune-inflammatory diseases. Further, this immune regulation by gut microbiota is important systemically, impacting health and disease of organ systems beyond the local environment of the gut. What has not been explored is how distant organs might in turn shape the microbiota via microbe-targeted molecules. Here, we provide evidence that surfactant protein D (SP-D) synthesized in the gallbladder and delivered into intestinal lumen binds selectively to species of gut commensal bacteria. SP-D-deficient mice manifest intestinal dysbiosis and show a susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Further, fecal transfer from SP-D-deficient mice to wild-type, germ-free mice conveyed colitis susceptibility. Interestingly, colitis caused a notable increase in <i>Sftpd</i> gene expression in the gallbladder, but not in the lung, via the activity of glucocorticoids produced in the liver. These findings describe a unique mechanism of interorgan regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis by SP-D with potential clinical implications such as cholecystectomy.
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding an endo-1,4- -glucanase from Bacillus sp. KSM-330 (1991)

The gene encoding an acid endo-1,4-beta-glucanase from Bacillus sp. KSM-330 was cloned into the HindIII site of pBR322 and expressed in Escherichia coli HB101. The recombinant plasmid contained a 3.1 kb HindIII insert, 1.8 kb of which was sufficient for the expression of endoglucanase activity in E. coli HB101. Nucleotide sequencing of this region (1816 bp) revealed an open reading frame of 1389 bp. The protein deduced from this sequence was composed of 463 amino acids with an Mr of 51882. The deduced amino acid sequence from amino acids 56 through 75 coincided with the amino-terminal sequence of the endoglucanase, Endo-K, purified from culture of Bacillus sp. KSM-330. The deduced amino acid sequence of Endo-K had 30% homology with that of the celA enzyme from Clostridium thermocellum NCIB 10682 and 25% homology with that of the enzyme from Cellulomonas uda CB4. However, the Endo-K protein exhibited no homology with respect to either the nucleotide or the amino acid sequences of other endoglucanases from Bacillus that had been previously characterized. These results indicate that the gene for Endo-K in Bacillus sp. KSM-330 has evolved from an ancestral gene distinct from that of other Bacillus endoglucanases.
Prospects for MEM logic switch technology (2010)

Power density has grown to be the dominant challenge for continued IC technology scaling. This has led to renewed interest in mechanical computing for ultra-low-power applications. This paper provides an overview of recent developments in electrostatic micro-relay design and process technology, and discusses technology scaling to achieve MEM switches that are advantageous over CMOS transistors for ultra-low-power digital logic applications.