gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on the Causes of Cracking of Pipes Derived from Recirculated Polyethylene (2022)

The objectives of the research was to determine the causes of cracks in pipes made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) regranulate during their storage. A visual assessment of the cracks was carried out and their fatigue nature was found. Due to the insuffi cient information on the composition and properties of the processed regranulate, tests were carried out on the density distribution and mass fl ow rate of plastic samples taken from various areas of the pipe wall. Comparative tests were performed using infrared spectrophotometry of a plastic sample taken from a pipe, commercial HDPE and commercial polypropylene (PP) by attenuated total refl ection/Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and diff erencial scaning calorimetry (DSC) method. There were diff erences in density and fl ow rate depending on the distance from the outer surface of the pipe, reaching several percent. Based on the conducted spectroscopic, thermogravimetric and diff erential scanning calorimetry studies, none of the expected plastics contamination, mostly PP, has been found in recirculated polyethylene. Futhermore, the expected decrease in the temperature of phase transformations and the beginning of decomposition of polyethylene (PE) after recycling, compared to the original one, were visible. Possible causes of cracks were considered to be diff erences in the PE structure in the pipe wall and the occurrence of possible porous structures, which when storing pipes in variable load and temperature conditions could cause the propagation of microcracks.
Bioactive phenolic substances in important tree species. Part 3: Knots and stemwood of Acacia crassicarpa and A. mangium (2004)

Abstract Polyphenols in heartwood, sapwood, and knots of Acacia crassicarpa and Acacia mangium were analysed using GC, GC-MS, HPSEC, and NMR. Melacacidin and isomelacacidin dominated in A. crassicarpa and teracacidin and its ketone in A. mangium . Also, bi- and triflavonoids were tentatively identified in the samples. The amounts of polyphenols were larger in the knots than in the heartwood of both species, while the composition within the species was the same.
Large Subcutaneous Calcification in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1990)

A 42-year-old woman first received the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus at our hospital in 1986. Thereafter, she noticed a small subcutaneous nodule on her left leg. This nodule became larger, and many new nodules appeared. Some of these were amassed to form large, flat, platelike tumors. Roentgenographic and histological examination revealed that they were calcium deposits. To our knowledge, this is the first report of very large, hard tumors resulting from calcium deposition in the skin.
Abstract 11: The Role of Human Osteopontin Isoforms in Post-Ischemic Neovascularization (2016)

Coronary and peripheral artery diseases lead to ischemia, initiating processes that promote neovascularization to restore blood flow and preserve tissue function. We demonstrated previously that osteopontin (OPN), a matricellular cytokine, is critical to ischemia-induced neovascularization. Unlike rodents, humans express 3 OPN isoforms (a, b, and c); however, the roles of these isoforms in neovascularization and cell migration remain undefined. To assess how human OPN isoforms affect neovascularization, OPN -/- mice underwent hind limb ischemia surgery. At the time of surgery, 1.5x10 6 lentivirus particles expressing human OPNa, OPNb or OPNc were delivered by intramuscular injection. While OPNa improved limb perfusion 30.4%±0.8 in OPN -/- mice, OPNc improved perfusion by 70.9%±6.3 (d14; p&lt;0.001 vs. LVGFP), as measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Importantly, both OPNa and OPNc isoforms significantly rescued neovascularization better than OPNb (n=6, p&lt;0.05). Isoform effects on vascular volume, density, connectivity and diameter were further assessed using Micro-CT angiograms. OPNa and OPNc rescued limb function compared to control and OPNb treated animals (61.1%±8.2; 76.2%±9.7; p&lt;0.05), as assessed by voluntary running wheel use. To verify the differences in neovascularization were due to divergent effects on receptor binding and/or signaling and not variations in isoform expression, we confirmed similar OPN isoform expression levels by ELISA (n=6, p=ns) and immunofluorescence. OPN isoforms a and c both increased macrophage infiltration 2.5 fold, as assessed by mRNA (d7; p&lt;0.05) and histology, leading to increases in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) infiltration (d7; p&lt;0.05). Several pro-arteriogenic factors were also significantly increased at the mRNA level. Finally, we confirmed in vitro that OPNa and OPNc significantly increased VSMC migration compared to OPN b and control (49.8%±3.1; 75.2%±6.3; p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, human OPN isoforms may exhert divergent effects on neovascularization through varried effects on macrophage and VSMC recruitment. Human OPN isoforms may represent potential new therapeutic targets to promote neovascularization and preserve function in patients with peripheral artery disease.
Inverse design method for metalens with optical vortices towards light focusing through localized phase retardation (2017)

Metalenses can achieve diffraction-limited focusing through localized phase manipulation of the incoming light beam. Because these structures are ultrathin, less than a wavelength, this has the potential of achieving ultrathin optical elements, with a thickness limited mainly by the mechanical strength of the transparent substrate. Recently proposed metalenses are based on either dielectric nanofin arrays, or nanoparticles of large number, which leads to severe manufacturing challenges. To overcome these challenges, this paper predicts a new type of metalens with concentric-nanoring topology, where the number and size of the nanorings are determined using an inverse design method. By focusing the electrical field energy at a specified position, the convex-like metalens is inversely predicted with desired numerical aperture and a diffraction-limited focal spot. The Poynting vector distribution found demonstrates the mechanism of the lensing function, in which optical vortices are generated in the nanorings to achieve a matching of the phase and impedance between the substrate and free space, and further, to form a spherical wavefront and enhance the transmission of the optical energy. The inverse design method can also be extended to predict an axicon-like metalens with focal beam. The improved manufacturability is concluded from the geometry of the concentric-nanoring configurations.
Systemic and coronary effects of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in awake dog (1992)

Roupie, E; la Rochelle, C Drieu; Richard, V; Dubois-Randé, J L; Hittinger, L; Giudicelli, J F; Berdeaux, A Author Information
<b>Polare Substituenteneffekte bei der Addition von Alkyl‐Radikalen an Alkene</b> (1981)

Abstract Die Reduktion von Cyclohexylquecksilbersalzen ( 7 ) mit NaBH 4 liefert Cyclohexyl‐Radikale ( 8 ), deren rel. Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Addition an substituierte Styrole 4 , Acrylsäureester 5 und Acrylonitrile 6 gemessen wurden. Der Vergleich mit Hammettschen σ‐Werten zeigt, daß die Substituenten am nicht angegriffenen vinylischen Kohlenstoffatom im wesentlichen polare Effekte auf die Additionsgeschwindigkeit ausüben (s. Tab. 1). Der Substituenteneinfluß nimmt dabei mit steigender Reaktivität der Alkene zu (s. Tab. 2). Mesomere und sterische Effekte spielen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle.
Structural Characterization of Dot-Core GaN Substrates with Annealing Under Growth-Like Conditions Using Synchrotron Monochromatic X-ray Topography (2021)

In this work, synchrotron monochromatic X-ray topography was employed to study the structural characteristics of as-received c-plane dot-core GaN substrates and then to investigate the structural evolution with annealing under growth-like conditions at 1050 °C for 10 h. Single exposure X-ray topography images were obtained using the (11 2 4) GaN asymmetric reflection. These images were superimposed to quantify the lattice distortions in regions near the dot-cores and in the regions between these defects. The results show that different dot-core substrates from the same vendor exhibit different defect distribution, lattice distortions around the cores, and different radii of lattice curvature, ranging from 7 m to 25 m. Annealing under growth-like conditions reduces both the global and local lattice distortions. Globally, the radius of curvature across the wafer increased from 17 m to 27 m after annealing. The local radius of curvature across the highly distorted core regions also increased from 0.47 ± 0.04 m to 0.9 ± 0.2 m after annealing. An increase in the radius of curvature is an indication of stress reduction. The lattice tilt around the cores varies from 0.01°−0.02°. The lattice planes around the centers of cores are highly distorted, and the magnitude of the tilt generally decreases radially away from the core center. After annealing, these local distortions decreased as well. A general core model was built based on these experimental results, providing a fundamental structural picture of dot-core regions, which has been lacking in the current literature.
On the convergence of block relaxation methods for circuit simulation (1989)

The authors developed sufficient conditions for the convergence of several block relaxation methods. They first consider time-point relaxation methods, namely the block Gauss-Seidel-Newton (G-S-N) and the block Newton-Gauss-Seidel (N-G-S) algorithms. The previously known sufficient condition for convergence of the G-S-N and the N-G-S algorithms requires: (1) a capacitor connected between every node in the circuit and the reference ground node: and (2) the choice of a sufficiently small time step for the implicit integration formula used to discretize (in time) the circuit equations. The authors derive a sufficient condition that is less restrictive than (1) above. For a given partitioning of a circuit, they define a set (possibly empty) of feedback nodes that capture the topology of the partitioned circuit to a certain extent. They then show that the G-S-N and the N-G-S algorithms converge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Heterogeneous neurochemical responses to different stressors: a test of Selye’s doctrine of nonspecificity (1998)

Selye defined stress as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand. Stressors elicit both pituitary-adrenocortical and sympathoadrenomedullary responses. One can test Selye's concept by comparing magnitudes of responses at different stress intensities and assuming that the magnitudes vary with stress intensity, with the prediction that, at different stress intensities, ratios of increments neuroendocrine responses should be the same. We measured arterial plasma ACTH, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in conscious rats after hemorrhage, intravenous insulin, subctaneous formaldehyde solution, cold, or immobilization. Relative to ACTH increments, cold evoked large norepinephrine responses, insulin large epinephrine responses, and hemorrhage small norepinephrine and epinephrine responses, whereas immobilization elicited large increases in levels of all three compounds. The ACTH response to 25% hemorrhage exceeded five times that to 10%, and the epinephrine response to 25% hemorrhage was two times that to 10%. The ACTH response to 4% formaldehyde solution was two times that to 1%, and the epinephrine response to 4% formaldehyde solution exceeded four times that to 1%. These results are inconsistent with Selye's doctrine of nonspecificity and the existence of a unitary "stress syndrome," and they are more consistent with the concept that each stressor has its own central neurochemical and peripheral neuroendocrine "signature."
Evidence of Intracrystalline Mesostructured Porosity in Zeolites by Advanced Gas Sorption, Electron Tomography and Rotation Electron Diffraction (2014)

Abstract The small size of micropores (typically &lt;1 nm) in zeolites causes slow diffusion of reactant and product molecules in and out of the pores and negatively impacts the product selectivity of zeolite based catalysts, for example, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts. Size‐tailored mesoporosity was introduced into commercial zeolite Y crystals by a simple surfactant‐templating post‐synthetic mesostructuring process. The resulting mesoporous zeolite Y showed significantly improved product selectivity in both laboratory testing and refinery trials. Advanced characterization techniques such as electron tomography, three‐dimensional rotation electron diffraction, and high resolution gas adsorption coupled with hysteresis scanning and density functional theory, unambiguously revealed the intracystalline nature and connectivity of the introduced mesopores. They can be considered as molecular highways that help reactant and product molecules diffuse quickly to and away from the catalytically active sites within the zeolite crystals and, thus, shift the selectivity to favor the production of more of the valuable liquid fuels at reduced yields of coke and unconverted feed.
Long-term sequelae of autologous bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation for lymphoid malignancies (1992)

The study was made to evaluate the long-term physical and psychosocial changes after high-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow or peripheral stem transplantation for recurrent lymphoid malignancies. Patients who had undergone high dose therapy and autologous bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation for recurrent lymphoid malignancies at least 1 year previously were contacted by phone interview regarding their status after the transplant. The patients' comments were confirmed by checking medical records when possible. Fifty patients who had undergone transplantation at the University of Nebraska Medical Center at least 1 year before the interview were available for interview and willing to answer questions. After transplant, many patients noticed temporary changes in their appearance, which usually returned to normal within 1 year. Few patients reported remarkable cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or pulmonary changes after transplantation. However, up to one-third of the patients reported changes in sexual function or desire. The most common infectious problem after transplant was Herpes zoster, which occurred in 25% of the patients. Overall, the patients had a positive outlook after high-dose therapy and transplantation, with most being able to return to work and enjoy a normal life style. Ninety-six percent of the patients stated that they would be willing to undergo high-dose therapy and transplantation again under the same circumstances.
The Combination of Molnupiravir with Nirmatrelvir or GC376 has a Synergic role in the Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vitro (2022)

Introduction: The development of effective vaccines has partially mitigated the trend of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, however, the need for orally available antiviral drugs persists. This study aims to investigate the activity of molnupiravir in combination with nirmatrelvir or GC376 on SARS-CoV-2 to verify the synergistic effect. Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 strains 20A.EU, BA.1 and BA.2 were used to infect Vero E6 in presence of antiviral compounds alone or in combinations using 5 two-fold serial dilution of compound concentrations &amp;le;EC90. After 48 and 72 h post-infection, viability was performed using MTT reduction assay. Supernatants were collected for plaque-assay titration. All experiments were conducted three times and in triplicate. The synergistic score was calculated using Synergy Finder version 2. Results: All compounds reached micromolar EC90. Molnupiravir and GC376 showed a synergistic activity at 48 h with an HSA score of 19.33 (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and an additive activity at 72 h with an HSA score of 8.61 (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir showed a synergistic activity both at 48 h and 72 h with an HSA score of 14.2 (p=0.01) and 13.08 (p&amp;lt;0.0001), respectively. Conclusion: Molnupiravir associated with one of the two protease-inhibitors nirmatrelvir and GC376 showed good additive-synergic activity in vitro.
Polyimides. IV. Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated copolyimides (2004)

Abstract A series of new copolyimides were synthesized by the reaction of pyrometallic dianhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, and 2,2‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (6FDA) with two diamines, 4,4″‐bis(aminophenoxy)‐3,3″‐trifluoromethyl terphenyl and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether, at a 50:50 ratio by a thermal imidization route. The complete spectral assignment of the copolymer derived from 6FDA was done with the help of distortionless enhancement of polarization transfer 90° and two‐dimensional heteronuclear (C, H) shift correlation spectroscopy. The various types of couplings in the copolymers were assigned with the help of two‐dimensional correlated spectroscopy (COSY) homonuclear correlation spectroscopy. A long‐range connectivity was also observed by a heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy via long‐range coupling experiment. The copolyimides derived from 6FDA were soluble in common organic solvents such as N , N ‐dimethyl formamide, N , N ‐dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N ‐methyl pyrrolidone, and chloroform. Water absorption values, after the samples were boiled in water for 72 h, were in the range 0.3–0.7%. These polyimides had low dielectric constants of 2.79–3.01 at 1 MHz, low refractive indices of 1.655–1.705 at 589.3 nm, and high optical transparencies (&gt;90%). The onset temperature for 5% weight loss for these polyimides, as assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, was up to 551°C in air, indicating a very high thermal stability, and the polyimides showed glass‐transition temperatures as high as 316°C. Transparent thin films of these polyimides exhibited tensile strengths up to 93 MPa, moduli of elasticity up to 3.1 GPa, and elongations at break up to 24% depending on the exact repeat unit structure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 235–246, 2004
Development of Polymeric Microbubbles Targeted to Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen as Prototype of Novel Ultrasound Contrast Agents (2011)

Ultrasound-targeted microbubbles (MBs) offer new opportunities to enhance the capabilities of diagnostic ultrasound (US) imaging to specific pathological tissue. Herein, we report on the design and development of a novel prototype of US contrast agent based on polymeric MBs targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for use in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). First, a set of air-filled MBs by a variety of biocompatible polymers were prepared and characterized in terms of morphology and echogenic properties after exposure to US. MBs derived from poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymer resulted as the most effective in terms of reflectivity. Such polymer was therefore preconjugated with a urea-based PSMA inhibitor molecular probe (DCL), and the obtained MBs were investigated in vitro for their targeting efficacy toward PSMA positive PCa (LNCaP) cells. Fluorescence microscopy proved a specific and efficient adhesion of targeted MBs to LNCaP cells. To our knowledge, this work reports the first model of polymeric MBs appropriately engineered to target PSMA, which might be further optimized and used for PCa diagnosis and potential carriers for selective drug delivery.
Turf parking lots: performance of different growing media and cool season turfgrass mixtures (2001)

Aesthetic and environmental benefits in public and private areas can be obtained by replacing common&#13;\nasphalt and impervious paved car parks with turf-based parking lots. A good balance between high water retention,&#13;\ninfiltration rate and low susceptibility to compaction of the root zone mix are crucial points in designing such areas.&#13;\nResults reported here refer to a trial carried out from 1996 to 2000 in which eight different growing media&#13;\n(two mixes of crushed gravels + soil, lapillus + soil, two mixes of lapillus + pumice, perforated concrete blocks,&#13;\nplastic paver, sand + peat + Netlon) and two cool season turfgrass mixtures were compared, under car traffic. All&#13;\ngrowing media tested were suitable for turf parking lot construction, with water holding capacity and wear tolerance&#13;\nbeing the main difference between treatments. The cheapest growing media were gravels amended with soil,&#13;\nalthough frequent irrigation was required to maintain turf quality. Mixes of lapillus and pumice had a high available&#13;\nwater content (about 5-fold higher than the sand + peat mix) and a good cation exchange capacity, thus providing&#13;\nconditions that grew good quality turf. Perforated concrete blocks and plastic paver provided the best results on&#13;\nheavily trafficked areas even though they were expensive techniques and did not allow cultivation to manage organic&#13;\nmatter accumulation. A combination of plastic pavers in driveways and growing media without rigid elements&#13;\nin car parking spaces was considered a good compromise for construction of turf parking lots.
Sp1 Trans-Activation of Cell Cycle Regulated Promoters Is Selectively Repressed by Sp3 (1995)

The transcription factor Sp1 plays a key role in the activation of many cellular and viral gene promoters, including those that are regulated during the cell cycle. However, recent evidence indicates that Sp1 belongs to a larger family of factors which bind G/C box elements in order to either activate or repress transcription. Sp3, a member of this family, functions to repress transcriptional activation in two viral promoters, most likely by competing with Sp1 for GC box/Sp binding sites. However, the physiological role of Sp3 in the repression of endogenous cellular promoters has not been experimentally addressed. In the present study, we analyze the activity and binding of Sp3 on several eukaryotic promoters that contain G/C boxes and are known to be regulated during cellular proliferation and the cell cycle. Using antibodies specific for Sp1 and Sp3, we observe that both of these factors localize to the cell nucleus and have a similar, dispersed subnuclear distribution. Further, using gel mobility shift assays, we show that both Sp1 and Sp3 interact specifically with the histone H4 promoter. Transient cotransfections of Drosophila cells with Sp1 and Sp3 expression vectors and with the histone H4, thymidine kinase (TK), or dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) promoters show that only the DHFR promoter, containing multiple functional GC boxes, displays Sp3 repression of Sp1 activation. In contrast, the single G/C boxes within the histone H4 or TK promoters, which confer transcriptional activation via Sp1 binding, are not responsive to repression by Sp3. Therefore, we demonstrate that the endogenous cellular DHFR promoter is selectively responsive to Sp3 repression. The data suggest that Sp3 may contribute to the control of proliferation- and/or cell-regulated promoters depending upon the context and/or number of functional Sp1 binding sites.