gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of human thalamus in the preparation of self-paced movement (2004)

Cortical areas participating in the preparation of voluntary movements have been studied extensively. There is emerging evidence that subcortical structures, particularly the basal ganglia, also contribute to movement preparation. The thalamus is connected to both the basal ganglia and the cerebellar pathways, but its role in movement preparation has not been studied extensively in humans. We studied seven patients who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode implantation in the thalamus for treatment of tremor (six patients) and myoclonus-dystonia (one patient). We recorded from the DBS contacts and scalp simultaneously, while patients performed self-paced wrist extension movements. Post-surgical MRI was used for precise localization of the DBS contacts in six patients. Back-averaging of the scalp recordings showed a slow negative movement-related potential (MRP) in all patients (onset 1846 +/- 189 ms prior to electromyography onset), whereas DBS electrode recordings showed pre-movement MRP in five out of seven patients. The thalamic MRP preceded both contralateral and ipsilateral wrist movements. There was no significant difference between the onset time of thalamic MRP (-2116 +/- 607 ms) and cortical MRP. Neither the scalp nor the thalamus showed pre-movement potentials with passive wrist extensions in two patients. In four patients with postoperative MRI who had thalamic MRP, the maximum amplitude or phase reversal occurred at contacts located in the ventral lateral nucleus. Frequency analysis was performed in the five patients with thalamic MRP. The medial frontocentral scalp contacts and the thalamic contacts with maximum MRP amplitude showed two discrete frequency bands in the alpha (mean peak 9 Hz) and beta (mean peak 17 Hz) range. Both frequency bands showed pre-movement event-related desynchronization (ERD). In the grand average, alpha and beta ERD in the scalp and beta ERD in the thalamus began 2.5-2.8 s prior to the onset of movement. However, the thalamic alpha ERD began considerably later, at 1.2 s before EMG onset. The beta band showed cortico-thalamic coherence from the beginning of the baseline period until approximately 0.5 s before the onset of movement. There was no cortico-thalamic coherence in the alpha band. Our findings suggest that the cerebellar thalamus is involved early in the process of movement preparation. Different cortico-subcortical circuits may mediate alpha and beta oscillations. During movement preparation, the motor thalamus and the supplementary motor area predominantly interact in the beta band.
Part I Chemical functionalization of peptides and proteins Part II Synthetic studies towards the total synthesis of Platensimycin (2011)

Incorporation 11 B.2 Creation of Unique Site by N-terminal Modification B.2
First‐Year <i>Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe</i> ( <i>WMAP</i> ) Observations: Data Processing Methods and Systematic Error Limits (2003)

The WMAP satellite has now completed 3 years of observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation. The 3-year data products include several sets of full sky maps of the Stokes I, Q and U parameters in 5 frequency bands, spanning 23 to 94 GHz, and supporting items, such as beam window functions and noise covariance matrices. The processing used to produce the current sky maps and supporting products represents a significant advancement over the first year analysis, and is described herein. Improvements to the pointing reconstruction, radiometer gain modeling, window function determination and radiometer spectral noise parametrization are presented. A 1 WMAP is the result of a partnership between Princeton University and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
Emerging Attacks and Solutions for Secure Hardware in the Internet of Things (2019)

The fourteen papers in this special section explore software solutions for secure hardware in the Internet of Things (IoT). It could well be argued that the emerging IoT, together with the two long-standing trends of pervasive and ubiquitous computing, constitutes one of the most massive civil endeavors in the history of mankind. While it promises outstandingly positive usability and convenience effects, its implications for security and privacy are less clear. The vision of billions of low-cost, lightweight, and highly interconnected endpoints certainly rises a host of pressing issues to both cryptographers and system designers. Ideally, these should be resolved prior to a large-scale deployment of the IoT, and before its underlying infrastructure and standards have been established.
Enhanced Polyacrylamide Polymer Gels Using Zirconium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Water Shutoff at High Temperatures: Thermal and Rheological Investigations (2018)

In this work, the effect of using zirconium(IV) hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) nanoparticles in the enhancement of the thermal stability and viscoelastic properties of organically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels using hydroquinone (HQ) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) was studied. The thermal stability and viscoelastic properties of the PAM gels were studied by DSC and DMA, respectively. From the DSC analysis, the bound and free water contents were analyzed along with the degradation enthalpy to give a preliminary clue about the direct vs indirect interactions taking place in the gel. With the addition of 0.2–0.8 wt % Zr(OH)4, the thermal stability of the PAM hydrogel improved by 3–5 °C (reaching 187 °C) compared to PAM alone. Moreover, the elasticity of the PAM hydrogel increased with the addition of Zr(OH)4 which was also supported by the strong interaction bond formed as demonstrated from the higher degradation enthalpy and free water recorded. These interactions were further explained using FTIR and optical microscope images. The TGA results also revealed the functionalization of PAM gel and showed that the gel was thermally stable even at 400 °C. In addition, the effects of calcination, organic cross-linker, salinity, and pH on the gel properties were investigated. From DSC and DMA analysis, it was found that the optimal conditions for the polymer gel were as follows: PAM at 4 wt %, Zr(OH)4 at 0.2–0.8 wt %, organic cross-linkers (OrgCL) at 0.3 wt %, and KCl or MgCl2 at 2 wt %.
A fast and accurate approach for computing the dimensions of boxes from single perspective images (2006)

Abstract This paper describes an accurate method for computing the dimensions of boxes directly from perspective projection images acquired by conventional cameras. The approach is based on projective geometry and computes the box dimensions using data extracted from the box silhouette and from the projection of two parallel laser beams on one of the imaged faces of the box. In order to identify the box silhouette, we have developed a statistical model for homogeneous-background-color removal that works with a moving camera, and an efficient voting scheme for the Hough transform that allows the identification of almost collinear groups of pixels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by automatically computing the dimensions of real boxes using a scanner prototype that implements the algorithms and methods describe din the paper. We also present a discussion of the performed measurements, and an error propagation analysis that allows the method to estimate, from each single video frame, the uncertainty associated to all measurements made over thatframe, in real-time.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzyl Triazole‐based Aromatase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Breast Cancer (2013)

Abstract Review: 27 refs.
Induction of mucosal immunity by hsp gp96 (41.2) (2007)

Abstract Targeting immune responses to the mucosal entry site before pathogen dissemination is critical for protection. We have generated a secreted gp96-fusion protein (gp96-Ig) that mediated strong, antigen specific CD8-CTL expansion in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the site of gp96 secretion on mucosal immunity. Expansion and migration of antigen specific CD8 T cells (adoptively transferred gfp-OT-I responder cells) were measured in response to immunization. Following different routes of administration of gp96-Ig secreting cells (EG7/3T3-OVA) the OT-I response was measured in the peritoneal cavity, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and gut mucosa. OT-I home significantly more efficiently to the gut mucosa if the gp96-Ig was delivered by the intraperitoneal route. Vaginal administration of gp96 also mediated mucosal immunity while subcutaneous and intradermal immunization delivered the weakest response. Secreted gp96-ova complexes recruited OT-I to Peyer’s Patches, intraepithelial compartment and lamina propria within five days. Mucosal OT-I express alpha4beta7, alphaEbeta7/CD103, CCR9, granzyme B, IFNgamma and exhibited effector memory phenotype. Our results indicate that peritoneally or vaginally cell secreted gp96-Ig induces migration of effector memory cells equipped with cytotoxic molecules into the mucosal compartment by inducing selective expression of gut-homing markers.
Abstract LB-117: Phenotype and function of tumor-infiltrating macrophages and B cells in a novel humanized mouse model (NSG-HIS) for ovarian cancer (2012)

Abstract Anti-cancer treatments are often highly effective in human tumor xenografts grown subcutaneously in immune deficient hosts such as athymic (nude) or severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice. However, such preclinical results are frequently followed by failure or limited activity of the drug/therapy in clinical trial, prompting the development of more sophisticated animal models engrafted with fully human immune system (HIS). We reconstituted NOD-Scid-IL2Rγcnull (NSG) mice with cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and 12 to 16 weeks after transplantation NSG-HIS mice were injected with human ovarian tumor cells (OVCAR5) orthotopically (io), subcutaneously (sc), or both (io/sc). Although sc tumor growth was the fastest in the absence of human immune system, four weeks after tumor implantation the average sizes of sc, io and sc/io tumors were similar across all NSG-HIS groups (0.3cm3); regardless of the tumor site, all tumors were infiltrated with human B cells, T cells and macrophages. However, sc tumors contained proportionally more human B cells and macrophages than io tumors. Macrophages infiltrating sc and io, but not sc or sc/io tumors, exhibited an IL10high immunosuppressive phenotype. Io tumor-infiltrating macrophages expressed the highest levels of CD32 (FcγRII) and mannose receptor (CD206), and the lowest level of CD64 (FcγRI) compared to macrophages infiltrating sc or io/sc tumors. Finally, io tumors were infiltrated with less human B cells than all the other tumors; B cells from tumor-bearing mice presented an altered phenotype compared to non tumor-bearing animals, characterized by the upregulation of plasma and activation markers and the production of IgM and IgG. Our results support the hypothesis that the location of the tumor implantation impacts the phenotype and function of human tumor cell infiltrate. The novel NSG-HIS mouse model of ovarian cancer may help understanding the role of tumor microenvironment during tumor development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-117. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-117
Efficient Video Classification Using Fewer Frames (2019)

Recently,there has been a lot of interest in building compact models for video classification which have a small memory footprint (&lt;1 GB). While these models are compact, they typically operate by repeated application of a small weight matrix to all the frames in a video. E.g. recurrent neural network based methods compute a hidden state for every frame of the video using a recurrent weight matrix. Similarly, cluster-and-aggregate based methods such as NetVLAD, have a learnable clustering matrix which is used to assign soft-clusters to every frame in the video. Since these models look at every frame in the video, the number of floating point operations (FLOPs) is still large even though the memory footprint is small. We focus on building compute-efficient video classification models which process fewer frames and hence have less number of FLOPs. Similar to memory efficient models, we use the idea of distillation albeit in a different setting. Specifically, in our case, a compute-heavy teacher which looks at all the frames in the video is used to train a compute-efficient student which looks at only a small fraction of frames in the video. This is in contrast to a typical memory efficient Teacher-Student setting, wherein both the teacher and the student look at all the frames in the video but the student has fewer parameters. Our work thus complements the research on memory efficient video classification. We do an extensive evaluation with three types of models for video classification,viz.(i) recurrent models (ii) cluster-and-aggregate models and (iii) memory-efficient cluster-and-aggregate models and show that in each of these cases, a see-it-all teacher can be used to train a compute efficient see-very-little student. We show that the proposed student network can reduce the inference time by 30% and the number of FLOPs by approximately 90% with a negligible drop in the performance.
Identification of anti‐inflammatory drugs according to their capacity to suppress type‐1 and type‐2 T cell profiles (2004)

Using a contact allergy model, we have demonstrated that various AIDs show distinct pharmacological profiles in that either type-1 or type-2 or both T cell responses are suppressed. These results should contribute to a more rational selection of AID in treating inflammatory skin diseases mediated by either or both of these T cell subsets.
ChemInform Abstract: The Anomers of 8‐Aza‐7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexation and (Templated) Synthesis of Rhenium Complexes with Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Dimers in Water. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. XX. A MILD, HIGH‐YIELD PROCEDURE FOR THE CONVERSION OF BENZYL HALIDES TO BENZALDEHYDES (1978)

Abstract 2‐Phenyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐chinazolon (I) wird in Form des Natriumsalzes mit Benzylhalogeniden (II) zu Benzylethern (III) alkyliert, die bei der Photolyse in Benzol in Benzaldehyde (IV) und 2‐Phenyl‐4‐chinazolon (V) spalten.
Expert Consensus Survey on Medication Adherence in Psychiatric Patients and Use of a Digital Medicine System (2017)

The results provide a guide to clinicians on the evaluation of suboptimal outcomes, when and how to use the DMS, and the most appropriate interventions to address detected adherence problems.
Comparison of Skin Factors for Perforated Completions Calculated with Computational Fluid Dynamics Software and a Semi-Analytical Model (2011)

Abstract There are many factors affecting flow performance of perforated completions. These factors include perforation tunnel geometry, drilling and perforation damage, formation anisotropy, etc. The combined effect of these factors is usually accounted for via a single parameter – total skin factor, which is an important input parameter for Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) prediction and reservoir simulation. The commonly used semi-analytical skin factor model assumes total skin factor can be expressed as a linear combination of horizontal skin, vertical skin considering anisotropy, perforation-damaged-zone skin, and other skins. The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of the semi-analytical model in the realistic operational range of perforating parameter values. For this purpose, we use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to simulate the production flow of a cased-and-perforated well in a representative 3D geometric formation. We consider three effects: drilling damage, perforation damage (crushed zone around the perforation tunnel), and anisotropy, assuming no pressure drop along the interior of perforation tunnel. All combinations of the three effects are considered. Computed skins are compared with the semi-analytical skin model used in the industry. Computed results show good comparisons between skin factors calculated using CFD software and the model for most cases. However, significant deviations in skin factor comparisons are observed when both perforation damage and formation anisotropy exist. We also conclude that an additional skin factor term, related to the ratio of modified wellbore radius to the original wellbore radius, should be explicitly listed in the model for the case of perforations tunnel extending beyond the drilling damage zone. Calculated CFD skin factors can be used as a database for predictive pre-job analysis. Deviation between skin factors calculated using CFD and the model highlights the need for improving industry methods to estimate skin factor in perforated completions.
Fracture Resistance of Highly Textured Alumina (2001)

Textured alumina has been fabricated previously by either hot‐deformation processing, to produce moderate texture, or templating with aligned platelets, to produce stronger texture. Fracture‐toughness measurements on ceramics fabricated by hot deformation have indicated only a modest improvement in toughness compared with that of untextured ceramics, while measurements on more strongly textured ceramics have been very limited. In this work, a simplified process for fabricating highly textured alumina was developed, using a solvent‐based slurry, tape casting, and liquid‐phase sintering. Grain size was tailored to maximize the likelihood of grain bridging and crack deflection. Image analysis was used to characterize morphologic texture, and X‐ray pole‐figure analysis was used to measure crystallographic texture. Fracture tests revealed significant changes to the crack path as a result of the texture. However, the apparent fracture resistances measured using single‐edge notched‐beam samples were similar for textured and untextured ceramics. The lack of apparent toughening resulting from texturing is discussed in light of previous results.
Barley yellow dwarf of California cereals (1989)

Research on barley yellow dwarf disease in California small grains is designed to develop cultural controls and cultivars with improved resistance. Recent discovery of BYDV satellite RNA that inhibits replication of the virus offers additional hope of control.
Progressive Mobilization Program for Patients With Acute Heart Failure Reduces Hospital Stay and Improves Clinical Outcome (2019)

<b><i>Background:</i> </b> Early ambulation has been shown to be associated with shorter hospital stay and better clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure (HF). Early mobilization program in combination with structured exercise training is recommended, but has yet to be developed and implemented in HF. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i> </b> We developed a progressive mobilization program for HF patients that classifies the mobilization process into 7 stages based on disease condition and physical function. We retrospectively analyzed 136 patients with acute HF (80±11 years), who were assigned either to the mobilization program (intervention group, n=75) or to usual care (control group, n=61). The program was safely implemented without any adverse events. Hospital stay was significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group (33±25 vs. 51±36 days, P<0.01). The intervention group had higher activities of daily living (ADL) score at discharge evaluated using the Barthel index (64±38 vs. 49±36, P<0.05). The intervention group also had a higher percentage of discharge to home (71% vs. 52%, P<0.05) and a lower rate of HF-related readmission (16% vs. 36%, P<0.05) compared with the control group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i> </b> The progressive mobilization program for acute HF was feasible and was associated with better ADL and reduced hospital stay, leading to improvement of clinical outcome.
Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas by Selective Venous Catheterization and Radioimmunoassay (1969)

We have successfully applied the radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone (PTH) to the localization of parathyroid adenomas by measurements of hormone concentration in multiple blood samples obtained by selective catheterization of the major veins draining the neck and thorax. During venous catheterization, blood samples collected from the left and right jugular, left and right subclavian and left and right innominate veins and superior and inferior vena cava showed a definite localized increase in PTH concentration in six patients. In five patients the increase was found in either the right or the left jugular vein; in the sixth patient a mediastinal location of the adenoma was indicated. The location of the tumor was in agreement with findings at surgery in all patients. The application of these technics can greatly facilitate efforts to remove all abnormal parathyroid tissue at a single operation.
Geomorfología Regional y Ordenación Integral del Territorio: nuevas perspectivas basadas en la incertidumbre y la complejidad de las formas del terreno. Aplicación en la cuenca del Río Bullaque (Montes de Toledo, España) (2009)

La Geomorfología Regional, definida como ciencia que se ocupa de describir y explicar la distribución espacial de las formas del terreno a escala regional y sub-regional, ha sido considerada por la planificación física y la ordenación del territorio más clásicas, como la única disciplina capaz de analizar las “líneas maestras” que definen el carácter complejo del territorio y del paisaje. La utilización&#13;\ndel relieve como base física para la delimitación y definición de unidades territoriales integradas, básicas para gestionar el territorio y sus recursos, ha constituido además uno de los métodos tradicionalmente empleados por algunas de las disciplinas ambientales que en mayor medida han contribuido al acercamiento de la planificación física clásica hacia la nueva ordenación integral; es el caso de la Ecología del Paisaje, la Ecología Humana y la Geografía Ambiental.&#13;\nParadójicamente, la importancia de los criterios fisiográficos y geomorfológicos de regionalización en planificación se ha ido reduciendo en la nueva “ordenación integral”, quedando relegados a determinados procedimientos de planificación sectorial. Entre los sectores en los que la Geomorfología ha conseguido mantener su peso, destacan la gestión de recursos hídricos, de Espacios Naturales Protegidos, de riesgos naturales e inducidos y del paisaje.&#13;\nEn este sentido, es a partir del reciente auge de una serie de teorías y modelos en planificación territorial asociados al paradigma socio-ambiental, entre los que sobresalen particularmente la complejidad e incertidumbre de los sistemas territoriales, cuando se ha generado una crítica generalizada hacia las ciencias naturales más clásicas que, como la Geomorfología, han sido incapaces de generar propuestas actualizadas. Por ello, la Geomorfología aplicada a la planificación ha sido genéricamente acusada de inmovilista cuando no, incluso, de determinista.&#13;\nEn el presente artículo se analiza la eficacia y posibilidades de implementación de una metodología de análisis geomorfológico regional, con base en los principios de incertidumbre y complejidad de las formas del terreno, que fue ensayada con resultados positivos en la “región-plan” (la cuenca del río Bullaque; Ciudad Real-Toledo).