gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State of the Climate in 2014 (2015)

Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the State of the Climate for 2014 is a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take a few minutes for the high-resolution file to download.
Examining Individualistic Driving Volatility Changes During and One Year into the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Paneled Connected Vehicle Trajectories (2023)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a substantial reduction in activity-travel resulting from a shift in the primary purpose of travel from work/study to shopping and essential trips. Further, several researchers noted changes to roadway safety during the early phases of the pandemic, such as a decrease in traffic crashes but an increase in traffic fatalities with respect to vehicle miles traveled. However, the existing literature is limited to holistic trends, with little inference to microscopic driving styles. This research utilizes a paneled approach to compare the freeway behavior of select passenger car drivers with respect to changes in driving volatility stemming from the lockdown period and one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological design employs a rich paneled dataset obtained from the connected vehicles pilot study in Tampa, Florida. Crash data visualization is also performed to identify crash hotspots within the study area. Volatility measures such as the standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and time-varying stochastic volatility ( TVSV ) are then generated and fused with traffic and weather information. Hierarchical modeling is then performed using a panel approach to account for unobserved heterogeneity within multiple observations per individual driver. The results show that the series of jerk-related driving volatility measures and the TVSV of speed increase one year into the pandemic, suggesting a reduction in overall roadway safety along the study segment. Based on the observed individual volatility changes, policy recommendations such as enhanced traffic enforcement guidelines, data-driven safety campaigns, and systematic implementation of lockdown protocols were identified.
Effects of Tenascin C on the Integrity of Extracellular Matrix and Skin Aging (2020)

Tenascin C (TNC) is an element of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of various tissues, including the skin, and is involved in modulating ECM integrity and cell physiology. Although skin aging is apparently associated with changes in the ECM, little is known about the role of TNC in skin aging. Here we found that Tnc mRNA level was significantly reduced in the skin tissues of aged mice compared with young mice, consistent with reduced TNC protein expression in aged human skin. TNC-large (TNC-L; 330-kDa) and -small (TNC-S; 240-kDa) polypeptides were observed in conditional media from primary dermal fibroblasts. Both recombinant TNC polypeptides, corresponding to TNC-L and TNC-S, increased the expression of type I collagen and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblasts with a recombinant TNC polypeptide, corresponding to TNC-L, induced phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3. TNC increased the level of TGF-&amp;beta;1 mRNA and upregulated the expression of type I collagen by activating the TGF-&amp;beta; signaling pathway. In addition, TNC also promoted the expression of type I collagen in fibroblasts embedded in a three-dimensional collagen matrix. Our findings suggest that TNC contributes to the integrity of ECM in young skin and to prevention of skin aging.
Follow-Up Renal Assessment of Injury Long-Term After Acute Kidney Injury (FRAIL-AKI) (2015)

Novel urinary biomarkers remain elevated 7 years after an episode of CPB-AKI in children. However, there is no conventional evidence of CKD in these children. These biomarkers may be a more sensitive marker of chronic kidney injury after CPB-AKI. Future studies are needed to understand the clinical relevance of persistent elevations in IL-18, kidney injury molecule-1, and L-FABP in assessments for potential long-term kidney consequences of CPB-AKI.
G-Protein-Coupled Receptor SRBC-48 Protects against Dendrite Degeneration and Reduced Longevity Due to Infection (2020)

Increasing evidence suggests that deficient immune modulation and microbial infections underline neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show that the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) SRBC-48, which belongs to the class BC serpentine receptors, has a protective role in Caenorhabditis elegans dendrite degeneration caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Our results indicate that SRBC-48 functions in a cell-autonomous manner in AWC neurons to protect against infection-associated dendrite degeneration. The absence of SRBC-48 results in a reduced lifespan caused by a pathogen infection early in life that induces dendrite degeneration. The decreased longevity in animals deficient in SRBC-48 is due to uncontrolled activation of immune genes, particularly those regulated by the FOXO family transcription factor DAF-16 that is part of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor homolog DAF-2. These results reveal how an infection early in life can not only induce dendrite degeneration but also reduce lifespan.
Tie-Downs and Transitions for Temporary Concrete Barriers (2006)

Temporary concrete barriers are one of the most common types of roadside hardware found on the nation's highways. However, unresolved issues exist for some installations. These issues include the need for a tie-down system for barrier installations placed on asphalt roadway surfaces and an approach transition between temporary concrete barriers and rigid barriers. The objective of this research was to design a tie-down temporary barrier for use on asphalt road surfaces and then apply that tie-down system to the design of an approach transition from freestanding to rigid barriers. The tie-down and transition systems were to be evaluated according to Test Level 3 safety performance criteria set forth in NCHRP Report No. 350. For the asphalt tie-down system, three steel pins were installed in holes on the front face of the barrier. The new tie-down design was crash tested according to NCHRP Report No. 350 Test Designation 3-11. The test was judged acceptable, barrier deflections were reduced, and all barriers in the system were safely restrained. The approach transition to rigid barrier was developed through strategic application of the previously designed asphalt tie-downs. Computer simulation with LS-DYNA was used to locate the critical impact point for the full-scale crash test. The system was tested according to NCHRP Report No. 350 Test Designation 3-21. Results show that the vehicle was safely redirected, and the test was judged acceptable. Recommendations concerning the application of both the tie-down and transition designs are given.
Genomic Structure and Promoter Activity of the Human Testis Lactate Dehydrogenase Gene1 (1993)

The structure of the gene encoding the human testis-specific isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been characterized and a regulatory region identified by promoter activity. The single-copy ldh-c gene has two alternative 5' noncoding exons and seven coding exons comprising an approximately 40-kb locus. The gene does not contain the canonical TATA or CAAT promoter sequences, and ribonuclease protection experiments suggest multiple transcription start sites. In the present study an immortalized murine germ cell line was used to detect promoter activity driven by 5' sequence of human ldh-c with lacZ as the reporter gene. Reporter gene activity was nondetectable when promoter constructs were transfected into nongerminal cells.
Navigating the fluoroscopeʼs C-arm back into position: an accurate and practicable solution to cut radiation and optimize intraoperative workflow (2008)

Objectives During complex image-guided orthopedic trauma procedures, repetitive fluoroscopic scout imaging is performed. A number of preparatory positioning images often must be taken to reproduce a comparable projection. These scout images have no intrinsic clinical relevance but nevertheless expose the patient and the surgical team to considerable radiation, which could be avoided. This study presents and validates a method to decrease intraoperative radiation. Methods Precision, time requirements, and number of scout images for repositioning the fluoroscope, with and without navigation aid, were recorded on 20 test-rig and 3 phantom setups. A commercially available image-guided surgical navigation system (Vector Vision®, BrainLAB), originally designed for instrument navigation, was employed to register and retrieve the C-arm positions. A newly developed software computed the necessary moves to reposition the C-arm on an intuitive visual display. Results Retrieving a given C-arm position with the conventional non-navigated technique required an average of 7 scout images (range, 3 to 12 images). In contrast, navigation-assisted repositioning did not necessitate a single scout image. Deviations from the original projection were minimal for both navigated (0.9 degrees, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.1 degrees) and non-navigated repositioning (0.8 degrees, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9 degrees). Average positioning times were comparable when navigating the C-arm (46 s, 95% CI 41 to 51 s) and in scout image–based positioning (49 s, 95% CI 44 to 53 s). Conclusions Navigated C-arm positioning avoids multiple scout images and yields sufficient precision for clinical deployment. Radiation exposure can be reduced considerably by a combination of instrument navigation and navigated C-arm positioning.
Phenotype of the <i>Triplo-lethal</i> locus of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> and its suppression by hyperoxia (2003)

The Triplo-lethal locus (Tpl) of Drosophila is both triplo-lethal and haploinsufficient, but the function of the locus is unknown. We have examined Tpl-aneuploid embryos and find that, in both trisomics and monosomics, the midgut shows extensive cell death and the tracheae are abnormal. Shortly thereafter, all tissues die. PCR-based genotyping of individual embryos and larvae show that this phenotype occurs in the trisomics after hatching and in the monosomics before hatching. Weak alleles of the interacting gene Su(Tpl) delay the death of Tpl trisomics, but they still show the same tracheal and midgut phenotypes before dying. Hyperoxia (45% oxygen) partially suppresses the phenotype of Tpl aneuploids, even though the use of a hypoxia reporter strain shows that dying Tpl aneuploids are not hypoxic. This is the first report of a phenotype associated with the Tpl locus and the first report of an environmental condition that suppresses the phenotype.
Supplementary Table 1 from Human Glioblastoma–Derived Cancer Stem Cells: Establishment of Invasive Glioma Models and Treatment with Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Human Glioblastoma–Derived Cancer Stem Cells: Establishment of Invasive Glioma Models and Treatment with Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors
Three dimensional porous siloxanes using leachable porogen particles (2023)

A product of additive manufacturing with a silicone-based ink includes a plurality of continuous filaments comprised of a siloxane matrix, wherein the continuous filaments are arranged in a geometric pattern, a plurality of inter-filament pores defined by the geometric pattern of the continuous filaments, and a plurality of intra-filament pores having an average diameter in a range of greater than 1 micron to less than 50 microns.
Role of CRF in Stress‐Related Alterations of Gastric and Colonic Motor Functiona (1993)

Major advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of stress-related alteration of gut function. A wealth of information indicates that CRF is involved in the central mechanisms by which stress inhibits gastric emptying while stimulating colonic motor function. CRF acts in the PVN to trigger both the inhibition of gastric emptying and the stimulation of colonic motor function in response to stress, in addition to previously established endocrine and behavioral responses. Preliminary evidence exists that CRF acts in the locus coeruleus to induce a selective stimulation of colonic transit without influencing gastric emptying. The central actions of CRF to alter gastric and colonic motor function are conveyed by autonomic pathways and are unrelated to the associated stimulation of pituitary hormone secretion. The demonstration that central CRF plays a role in mediating gastric stasis resulting from surgery, peritonitis or high levels of central interleukin-1 provides new insight into the mechanisms involved in gastric ileus induced postoperatively or by infectious disease. Likewise, the demonstration that CRF in the PVN and locus coeruleus induce the anxiogenic and colonic motor responses to stress and that colonic distention activates neurons in the locus coeruleus opens new avenues for the understanding of the pathogenesis of a subset of IBS patients with colonic hypersensitivity associated with psychopathological disturbance and diarrhea-predominant symptoms.
Oligonucleotide Synthesis on Linear Reactive Polymer Grafted onto Solid Support, Medical Diagnostics Applications (1999)

Abstract A new strategy has been developed to obtain polymer-ODN conjugates. However, free ODN appeared to contaminate synthesis. Various hypotheses are described herein to explain this side reaction.
Graph-Based Electro-Mechanical Modeling of a Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Real-Time Applications (2019)

Hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are gaining popularity in the defense sector. The introduction of a high-power electrical network provides new challenges in thermal management and safe vehicle operation. Existing efforts have focused on the modeling and control of thermal systems. However, the dynamic behavior of the electrical and mechanical components increases the complexity of the power management system. To enable model-based system design and real-time application tool development, this paper presents a graph-based modeling framework to represent the dynamic behavior of electrical and mechanical components onboard a UAV. An algorithm for composing a system-level graph model from component-level graph models is introduced. Cell and motor models are experimentally validated. A fault detection case is presented for a UAV model to demonstrate modeling capability for real-time applications.
Antifungal Activities of 4″,6″-Disubstituted Amphiphilic Kanamycins (2019)

Amphiphilic kanamycins derived from the classic antibiotic kanamycin have attracted interest due to their novel bioactivities beyond inhibition of bacteria. In this study, the recently described 4″,6″-diaryl amphiphilic kanamycins reported as inhibitors of connexin were examined for their antifungal activities. Nearly all 4″,6″-diaryl amphiphilic kanamycins tested had antifungal activities comparable to those of 4″,6″-dialkyl amphiphilic kanamycins, reported previously against several fungal strains. The minimal growth inhibitory concentrations (MICs) correlated with the degree of amphiphilicity (cLogD) of the di-substituted amphiphilic kanamycins. Using the fluorogenic dyes, SYTOX<sup>TM</sup> Green and propidium iodide, the most active compounds at the corresponding MICs or at 2×MICs caused biphasic dye fluorescence increases over time with intact cells. Further lowering the concentrations to half MICs caused first-order dye fluorescence increases. Interestingly, 4×MIC or 8×MIC levels resulted in fluorescence suppression that did not correlate with the MIC and plasma membrane permeabilization. The results show that 4″,6″-diaryl amphiphilic kanamycins are antifungal and that amphiphilicity parameter cLogD is useful for the design of the most membrane-active versions. A cautionary limitation of fluorescence suppression was revealed when using fluorogenic dyes to measure cell-permeation mechanisms with these antifungals at high concentrations. Finally, 4″,6″-diaryl amphiphilic kanamycins elevate the production of cellular reactive oxygen species as other reported amphiphilic kanamycins.
Correction to: At the US Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic, an Orthopedic Residency Program Reorganizes (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11420-020-09765-5.].
Active magnetic ranging while drilling: A down-hole surroundings mapping (2022)

Active magnetic ranging (AMR) while drilling is an electromagnetic method used to map subsurface ground by its conductivity. Subsurface mapping is needed both in the oil and gas industry and in the geothermal drilling industry. In both cases, several wells are drilled close to each other to exploit the full potential of either an oil reservoir or a geothermal reservoir. The challenge however with subsurface mapping compared to thin air radar mapping is the very low skin depth given by the high conductivity of the ground. For that reason, existing systems are often limited to very short range operations.In this paper methods for range improvement are presented. To maximize the range potential the frequency of operation is reduced, and the efficiency and size of the antennas are increased as much as possible.
ChemInform Abstract: No‐Donors: An Emerging Class of Compounds in Medicinal Chemistry (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
F/A-18 Autonomous Formation Flight Control System Design (2002)

Flight control system design for two F/A- 18 aircraft flying in closed-coupled formation is the subject of this paper. Developed by Boeing - Phantom Works as an integral part of NASA revolutionary concept program called Autonomous Formation Flight (AFF), the Formation Flight Control System (FFCS) provides autonomous aircraft operation and flight testing capability. Using two specially instrumented Boeing-built F/A-18 Hornets research aircraft, AFF Phase I flight demonstrations are scheduled for the fall of 2002 at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards Air Force Base, in California. It is expected that the trailing aircraft equipped with FFCS would sustain 15-20% drag reduction if it is flown in the wake vortex created by the lead aircraft wingtips. This paper presents the baseline FFCS design, analysis, and evaluation using high fidelity 6-DoF nonlinear aircraft simulation environment. Aircraft vortex modeling is discussed. An alternative adaptive formation flight control system design is proposed. The adaptive system is shown to improve the formation tracking performance.
Pyrophosphate amplification reaction for measuring amino acid concentrations with high sensitivity using aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2019)

To measure amino acid concentrations with high sensitivity, the pyrophosphate amplification reaction conditions of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) were examined. The amount of pyrophosphate produced by reactions involving HisRS and TyrRS was amplified compared with the amount of the initial substrate L-amino acid after the addition of excess adenosine-5'-triphosphate and magnesium ions, with incubation at 50°C in an alkaline pH. The amount of pyrophosphate produced in the HisRS and TyrRS reactions was approximately 24- and 16-fold higher than the initial amount of L-His and L-Tyr, respectively. The pyrophosphate amplification reactions involving HisRS and TyrRS showed high substrate specificity for L-His and L-Tyr, respectively. Products of pyrophosphate amplification were identified as p<sup>1</sup>, p<sup>4</sup>-di(adenosine) 5'-tetraphosphate, and adenosine-5'-monophosphate using high-performance liquid chromatography. A strong positive correlation was observed for 0 to 50 μM of L-His and L-Tyr in the pyrophosphate amplification reaction (R = 0.98 and R = 1.00, respectively). <b>Abbreviations:</b> L-His: L-histidine; L-Tyr: L-tyrosine; aaRSs: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases; ATP: adenosine-5'-triphosphate; aminoacyl-AMP-aaRS: aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate; Ap<sub>4</sub>A, P<sup>1</sup>, P<sup>4</sup>-di(adenosine) 5'-tetraphosphate; AMP: adenosine-5'-monophosphate; PAR: pyrophosphate amplification rate.
Object-based real-time programming (1988)

RTO (Real-Time Objects) is an object-based programming paradigm suited for Real-Time and, in particular, Hard-Real-Time applications. A Real-Time (RT) system must provide (with high probability) response times small in comparison with the time constants of the environment. A Hard-Real-Time (HRT) system is a RT system which must also fulfill deterministic constraints on response times. The aim of RTO is to provide a test bed for the experimentation of concepts which are relevant in the RT area. Then it is focused on those dimensions of Object-Based language design [Wegner 87b] which are tightly related to specific requirements of that area. This paper introduces the rationale for the basic choices of RTO.
PRIMARY INTRAHEPATIC SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (1987)

A case of primary intrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, which is rare in Japan, is reported. A 16-year-old Japanese boy was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain and fever. He was diagnosed as having primary intrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and liver biopsy. Inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy of the colonic mucosa. Human lymphocyte antigen typing showed HLA-A2, A-9, -B52 and -DR2.
The importance of nervous and humoral factors in the control of vascular resistance, blood flow distribution and net fluid absorption in the cat small intestine during hemorrhage (1984)

The influence of preganglionic (splanchnic) and postganglionic (periarterial) denervation of the cat small intestine on the changes in blood flow and net fluid absorption elicited by hemorrhage was investigated. The compiled data from a previous report indicate that hemorrhage induces a vasoconstriction and a redistribution of blood flow towards the absorptive part of the mucosa. The vasoconstriction was unaffected by a total postganglionic denervation whereas after a preganglionic denervation both the vasoconstriction and the redistribution of blood flow were abolished. We have also shown earlier that hemorrhage induced an increase in net fluid absorption as long as no ischemic mucosal lesions developed. This increase was reduced by postganglionic denervation, and was reversed into a small decrease after preganglionic denervation. On the basis of these findings it is proposed that the increase in vascular resistance, the redistribution of blood flow towards the absorptive part of the mucosa as well as the increase in net fluid absorption observed after hemorrhage all are effects mainly mediated via the splanchnic nerves. Furthermore, humoral factors are of major importance for the increase in vascular resistance observed after hemorrhage. The increase in net fluid absorption was shown to be induced both by direct nervous and by humoral factors.