gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Low-Power Low-Voltage 10-bit 100-MSample/s Pipeline A/D Converter Using Capacitance Coupling Techniques (2007)

This paper presents a low-power low-voltage 10-bit 100-MSample/s pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using capacitance coupling techniques. A capacitance coupling sample-and-hold stage achieves high SFDR with 1.0-V supply voltage at a high sampling rate. A capacitance coupling folded-cascode amplifier effectively saves the power consumption of the gain stages of the ADC in a 90-nm digital CMOS technology. The SNDR and the SFDR are 55.3 dB and 71.5 dB, respectively, and the power consumption is 33 mW
Collaborative Mission Planning &amp; Autonomous Control Technology (CoMPACT) System Employing Swarms of UAVs (2009)

In this paper an autonomous hierarchical architecture for controlling swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is investigated. Its purpose is to carry out complex missions involving Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), Suppression of Enemy Aerial Defenses (SEAD), Destruction of Enemy Aerial Defenses (DEAD), Close Air Support (CAS), and other functions in an environment characterized by large uncertainty and vehicle loss or failures. The architecture is referred to as the Collaborative Mission Planning & Autonomous Control Technology (CoMPACT) and consists of six coordinated hierarchical layers encompassing tasks and objectives from the mission planning stage to the UAV task execution level. The main advantage of the CoMPACT system is that it e ectively combines mission planning using evolutionary algorithms, hybrid automata-based task execution at each hierarchical layer, and biologically-inspired emergent swarm behaviors. Judicious combination and coordination of these capabilities results in a system that is scalable to architectures involving a very large number of autonomous agents in which mission-relevant objectives are accomplished in highly uncertain dynamic environments through real-time mission re-planning, dynamic agent-to-task assignment, and reactive motion planning. Through simulation and experiment, the CoMPACT system is shown to be robust to intermittent loss of communications and communication delays, and to dynamic changes in the environment such as moving targets, unknown targets and obstacles, pop-up threats, vehicular failures and loss of agents. The CoMPACT system has been extensively tested on a Matlab simulation of a realistic mission scenario involving ISR, SEAD and DEAD functions, and simple models of UAV dynamics operating in a dynamic threat and target-rich environment.
Directional Solidification of Pure Succinonitrile and a Succinonitrile-Acetone Alloy (2000)

An experimental study of the horizontal Bridgman growth of pure succinonitrile (SCN) and of a succinonitrile-1.0 mol% acetone alloy (SCN-1.0 mol.% ACE) has been performed. Experiments involving both a stationary thermal field (no-growth case) and a translating thermal field (growth case) were conducted. Growth rates of 2 and 40 micrometers/sec were investigated. For the pure SCN experiments, the velocity field in the melt was estimated using video images of seed particles in the melt. Observations of the seed particles indicate that a primary longitudinal convective cell is formed. The maximum velocity of two different particles which traveled along similar paths was the same and equal to 1.49 +/- 0.01 mm/s. The general accuracy of velocity measurements is estimated to be +/-0.08 mm/s, though the data shows consistency to within +/- 0.02 mm/s. The shape of the solid/liquid interface was also quantitatively determined. The solid/liquid interface was stable (non-dendritic and non-cellular) but not flat: rather it was significantly distorted by the influence of connection in the melt and, for the growth case, by the moving temperature boundary conditions along the ampoule. It was found that the interface shape and position were highly dependent on the alignment of the ampoule in the apparatus. Consequently, the ampoule was carefully aligned for all experiments. The values for front location agree with those determined in previous experiments. For the alloy experiments, the solid/liquid interface was determined to be unstable at growth rates greater than 2.8 micrometers/sec, but stable for the cases of no-growth and growth at 2 micrometers/sec. When compared to the shape of the pure SCN interface, the alloy interface forms closer to the cold zone, indicating that the melting temperature decreased due to the alloying element. Extensive temperature measurements were performed on the outside of the ampoule containing pure SCN. The resulting thermal profiles are presented in detail in the results section. It is intended that the interface shape, thermal boundary condition, and velocity data presented in this paper be used to test numerical simulations.
Prostate cancer risk in men with prostate and breast cancer family history: results from the REDUCE study (R1) (2011)

In REDUCE, PCa family history was significantly related to PCa diagnosis, although only for men outside North America. The presence of both PCa and BCa family history significantly increased risk versus PCa family history alone, irrespective of geographical region. Ultimately, our observations may support the need for changes in how we address family history in terms of both risk of PCa diagnosis and general risk stratification.
Creep Properties affected by Morphology of MX in High-Cr Ferritic Steels (2001)

MX-type carbonitrides such as (Nb, V)(C, N) are well known to be effective to improve creep properties of the heat resisting steels at elevated temperatures. The control of precipitation behavior of MX is essential to obtain the stable microstructure that is suitable for heat resisting in the Ultra Super Critical plants. In this study, strong relationship between creep properties and precipitation behavior of MX is investigated by using the high-Cr steels with different C/N-balance.MX is categorized to three types from their characteristic morphology, type I, II and III. It is found that the C/N-balance of steel is one of factors to determine which MX is dominant in the tempered steels. Presence of type III-MX that is formed by secondary precipitation of VN adhering to Nb(C, N) seems to be unfavorable to long-term creep resistance by considering relatively decreasing in distribution density of fine VN, type II-MX. Precipitation sites such as Nb(C, N), type I-MX and excess solute nitrogen promote growth of type III-MX at the tempering stage. We conclude that the control of precipitation kinetics of MX is quite important to achieve good creep properties at high temperatures.
Mobile 3D video broadcast (2010)

In this paper, we present a complete framework of an end-to-end error resilient transmission of 3D video over Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld (DVB-H) and provide an extensive analysis of coding and transmission parameters. We perform the analysis for different coding and error resilience schemes using different contents coded at different bitrate levels. Throughout the experiments, we investigate the effects of video content type, video bitrate, coding method and unequal protection level for different channel conditions. The results show that Multi-view Coding (MVC) coding outperforms Simulcast and distribution of available bitrate between video quality and Forward Error Correction (FEC) protection is an important factor in different channel conditions.
Ectopic DNMT3B expression delays leukemogenesis (2016)

In this issue of Blood, Schulze et al use a tetracycline-inducible Dnmt3b knock-in mouse model to investigate how DNMT3B-mediated DNA methylation affects leukemogenesis. Increased DNMT3B expression prolonged survival in retrovirally induced Myc-Bcl2– or MLL-AF9–driven leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with high expression of DNMT3B target genes showed inferior overall survival.
Langmuir–Blodgett Monolayers of Partially Fluorinated Ionic Liquids as Two-Dimensional, More Sustainable Functional Materials and Coatings (2019)

The structure of cations and anions in ionic liquids is precisely selected to tune their properties for applications in catalysis, electrochemistry, or development of sensors. Substitution of a hydrocarbon by a fluorocarbon chain in either the cation or the anion yields fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs). The ionic character combined with hydrophobic and lipophobic properties of fluorocarbon chains ensure extraordinary surface properties of FILs. The use of fluorocarbons with chains longer than six carbon atoms, due to their impact on the environment and bioaccumulative properties, is banned. In this work we demonstrate that more sustainable imidazolium- and triazolium-based FILs containing two short, partially fluorinated chains [(CH2)2(CF2)5CF3] have amphiphilic properties and form stable monolayers at the air–liquid interface which can be transferred onto a gold substrate by the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) method. X-ray photoelectron and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopies are used to characterize the composition, conformation, and orientation of FILs in LB monolayers on the gold surface. The positively charged heteroaromatic ring is oriented parallel to the gold surface while the fluorocarbon chains are directed toward air. The fluorocarbon chains adopt a helical conformation. In LB monolayers, the tilt of the helix depends on the chemical structure of the cation and the monolayer transfer conditions. Uniform orientation of the amphiphilic cations in the monolayer assembly yields a hydrophobic surface. Two-dimensional LB films of FILs are proposed here as possible sustainable, functional, ultrathin films and coatings.
Abstract 395: Farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase induces metastasis via upregulating secreted phosphoprotein 1 in non-small cell lung cancer. (2013)

Abstract Identifying cancer progression associated genes that predicting patient outcome might provide opportunities for developing better therapeutic strategies for lung cancer patients. In the present study, we investigated whether farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase (FDFT1), an enzyme of mevalonate pathway, is a potential biomarker of lung cancer metastasis. We further investigated its prognostic value and functional role in lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Our results by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis showed the expression of FDFT1 was significantly higher in tumors compared to normal lung tissues. Overexpression of FDFT1 was significantly associated with tumor size (P &amp;lt; 0.001), advanced tumor stage (P &amp;lt;0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02), distal metastasis (P = 0.043), and poor prognosis (P &amp;lt;0.001). Loss of FDFT1 expression significantly suppressed invasion and migration potential of lung cancer cell lines, whereas FDFT1 overexpression promoted invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis further identified secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) as an important mediator for FDFT1-induced invasion and migration. Furthermore, patients with high FDFT1 and high SPP1 expression showed dismal outcomes as compared to patients with low FDFT1 and low SPP1 expression with good prognosis. In conclusion, we identified the FDFT1 in this study as a new lung cancer progression biomarker that is associated poor prognosis and its overexpression resulted in enhanced tumor invasion and metastasis through upregulation of SPP1. Our findings may implicate the possibility of targeting FDFT1 as a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit lung cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Yi-Fang Yang, Yi-Hua Jan, Michael Hsiao. Farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase induces metastasis via upregulating secreted phosphoprotein 1 in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 395. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-395 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Rerun (2008)

Multiprocessor deterministic replay has many potential uses in the era of multicore computing, including enhanced debugging, fault tolerance, and intrusion detection. While sources of nondeterminism in a uniprocessor can be recorded efficiently in software, it seems likely that hardware support will be needed in a multiprocessor environment where the outcome of memory races must also be recorded.We develop a memory race recording mechanism, called Rerun, that uses small hardware state (~166 bytes/core), writes a small race log (~4 bytes/kilo- instruction), and operates well as the number of cores per system scales (e.g., to16cores). Rerun exploits the dual of conventional wisdom in race recording: Rather than record information about individual memory accesses that conflict, we record how long a thread executes without conflicting with other threads. In particular, Rerun passively creates atomic episodes. Each episode is a dynamic instruction sequence that a thread happens to execute without interacting with other threads. Rerun uses Lamport Clocks to order episodes and enable replay of an equivalent execution.
Erratum: “Particle segregation in monodisperse sheared suspensions” [Phys. Fluids <b>11</b>, 507 (1999)] (1999)

First Page
The Skull Room (2019)

In 1899, Professor Sir William Turner Published The First Of A series of four articles in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, charting the craniological characteristics of the ‘People of the Empire of India’. A distinguished anatomist and scientist, he was from 1867 for 36 years the professor of anatomy at the University of Edinburgh, a post he held until becoming the principal and vice-chancellor in 1903. This chapter explores the circulation between India and the University of Edinburgh of skulls collected across the 19th and early part of the 20th century. Skull collecting was central to the formation of anatomy, phrenology and physical anthropology and was a key component of the anatomists’ work. The skulls at the University were housed in cabinets in a purpose-built skull room, completed in 1884 by Sir William Turner. Accessible today in the Anatomy department, its aesthetic is striking.
Composites reinforced by Al—Cu—Fe quasicrystalline particles with a copper matrix and their tribological properties (2010)

Copper-based composite coatings with addition of 34 wt % of Al—Cu—Fe quasicrystalline powder of dispersity less than 20 fum, as well as 70 wt % of quasicrystalline powder of dispersity less than 40fum and less than 3 fum, were produced by the cold spray process. The phase composition during annealing of samples at various temperatures was studied by X-ray phase analysis. Tribological properties of each composite coating and pure copper were investigated. The experimental results showed a considerable improvement of the tribological properties of the material at the addition of quasicrystals. The least wear was observed in the composite sample containing quasicrystalline inclusions of less than 3 fum subjected to thermal treatment. In this case the counterbody wear was practically absent.
An Assessment of Lithium Tetraborate for SAW Applications (1982)

X-cut 2-propagating lithium tetraborate (Li2B407) has a SAW coupling factor of 1.02X and parabolic delay/temperatur e b ehaviour with ~60 ppm variation between 0’ and 4OoC. Further measurements have now been made to assess this material for SAW device applications. The SAW response has a lower untuned insertion loss than quartz, with comparable temperature stability. Shear and longitudinal bulk waves are generated by interdigital transducers at significant levels. Modes propagating into the crystal can be suppressed by back-grooving. However, near its low frequency cut-off, t he shear vertical mode is beam steered parallel to the surface as a surface skimming bulk wave (SSBW). The SSBW response attenuates s trongly with t ransducer separation and is reduced by beam steering in devices w ith SAW propagation 7O off 2. Encouraging results have also been obtained with a three-transducer b ulk wave cancellation scheme, showing promise that the spurious responses may be reduced to acceptable levels for bandpass filter applications.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein. (2011)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its derivatives have transformed the use and analysis of proteins for diverse applications. Like proteins, RNA has complex roles in cellular function and is increasingly used for various applications, but a comparable approach for fluorescently tagging RNA is lacking. Here we describe the generation of RNA aptamers that bind fluorophores resembling the fluorophore in GFP. These RNA-fluorophore complexes create a palette that spans the visible spectrum. An RNA-fluorophore complex resembling enhanced GFP (EGFP), termed Spinach, emits a green fluorescence comparable in brightness to fluorescent proteins. Spinach is markedly resistant to photobleaching, and Spinach fusion RNAs can be imaged in living cells. These RNA mimics of GFP provide an approach for genetic encoding of fluorescent RNAs.
Green Bioanalytical Sample Preparation: Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction (2021)

Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is a recently introduced sample preparation technique that has attracted substantial interest of the scientific community dealing with bioanalysis. This technique is based on a permeable and flexible substrate made of fabric, coated with a sol-gel organic-inorganic sorbent. Among the benefits of FPSE are its tunable selectivity, adjustable porosity, minimized sample preparation workflow, substantially reduced organic solvent consumption, rapid extraction kinetics and superior extraction efficiency, many of which are well-known criteria for Green Analytical Chemistry. As such, FPSE has established itself as a leading green sample preparation technology of 21st century. In this review, we discuss the principal steps for the development of an FPSE method, the main method optimization strategies, as well as the applications of FPSE in bioanalysis for the extraction of a wide range of analytes (e.g., estrogens, benzodiazepines, androgens and progestogens, penicillins, anti-inflammatory drugs, parabens etc.).
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer and Risk for Subsequent Malignancy (2008)

This community-based, prospective cohort study provides evidence for an association between an NMSC diagnosis and an increased risk of subsequent cancer, even after adjusting for individual-level risk factors.
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis (1990)

We enrolled 55 patients in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study of the effectiveness of botulinum toxin (Botox) injections for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis. Patients received a standard series of injections, either placebo or Botox. We determined the sites of injection and dose per muscle by the nature of head deviation. Compared with placebo, Botox produced statistically significant improvement in the severity of torticollis, disability, pain, and degree of head turning. There were no serious side effects. During the double-blind phase, 61% of patients injected with Botox improved; 74% of patients subsequently improved during a later open phase at a higher dose of Botox. Direction of head turning, severity of torticollis, and presence or absence of jerky movements did not significantly influence the response rate. We conclude that Botox is a valuable treatment for spasmodic torticollis.
Early Results from the Advanced Radiation Protection Thick GCR Shielding Project (2017)

The Advanced Radiation Protection Thick Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) Shielding Project leverages experimental and modeling approaches to validate a predicted minimum in the radiation exposure versus shielding depth curve. Preliminary results of space radiation models indicate that a minimum in the dose equivalent versus aluminum shielding thickness may exist in the 20-30 g/cm2 region. For greater shield thickness, dose equivalent increases due to secondary neutron and light particle production. This result goes against the long held belief in the space radiation shielding community that increasing shielding thickness will decrease risk to crew health. A comprehensive modeling effort was undertaken to verify the preliminary modeling results using multiple Monte Carlo and deterministic space radiation transport codes. These results verified the preliminary findings of a minimum and helped drive the design of the experimental component of the project. In first-of-their-kind experiments performed at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, neutrons and light ions were measured between large thicknesses of aluminum shielding. Both an upstream and a downstream shield were incorporated into the experiment to represent the radiation environment inside a spacecraft. These measurements are used to validate the Monte Carlo codes and derive uncertainty distributions for exposure estimates behind thick shielding similar to that provided by spacecraft on a Mars mission. Preliminary results for all aspects of the project will be presented.
Preparing n-of-1 Antisense Oligonucleotide Treatments for Rare Neurological Diseases in Europe: Genetic, Regulatory, and Ethical Perspectives (2021)

Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies present a promising disease-modifying treatment approach for rare neurological diseases (RNDs). However, the current focus is on "more common" RNDs, leaving a large share of RND patients still without prospect of disease-modifying treatments. In response to this gap, n-of-1 ASO treatment approaches are targeting ultrarare or even private variants. While highly attractive, this emerging, academia-driven field of ultimately individualized precision medicine is in need of systematic guidance and standards, which will allow global scaling of this approach. We provide here genetic, regulatory, and ethical perspectives for preparing n-of-1 ASO treatments and research programs, with a specific focus on the European context. By example of splice modulating ASOs, we outline genetic criteria for variant prioritization, chart the regulatory field of n-of-1 ASO treatment development in Europe, and propose an ethically informed classification for n-of-1 ASO treatment strategies and level of outcome assessments. To accommodate the ethical requirements of both individual patient benefit and knowledge gain, we propose a stronger integration of patient care and clinical research when developing novel n-of-1 ASO treatments: each single trial of therapy should inherently be driven to generate generalizable knowledge, be registered in a ASO treatment registry, and include assessment of generic outcomes, which allow aggregated analysis across n-of-1 trials of therapy.
Characteristics of offenders deemed not guilty by reason of insanity in Portugal (2010)

In Portugal, offenders found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI), may be given a restricted order to a special hospital as an alternative to prison. In European countries there is a recognized need for data concerning this special population. The aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of all the NGRI subjects (n = 274) detained in the country in a descriptive and retrospective survey conducted in January 2009. Offence committed, demographic factors, diagnosis at admission, background of substance abuse and diagnostic stability were recorded. Schizophrenia was the commonest diagnosis (51.5%). Mean population age was 42.6 years, with only 6.2% women. Homicide was the most common offense (41.2%). A background of substance abuse was found in 42.3% of subjects. There were significant differences in the schizophrenia and mental retardation patient groups when compared individually with the other diagnoses concerning homicide and arson as the offence. Mean duration of inpatient stay did not differ significantly between diagnoses. The findings also point to poor follow-up of the NGRI patients after admission.
A conductance-based silicon neuron with membrane-voltage dependent temporal dynamics (2010)

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