gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Telomerase Allows Human Preosteoblasts to Maintain Their Phenotype during the Immortalization Process (2001)

INTRODUCTION. Normal human cells cultured in vitro have a limited proliferative lifespan, dividing a given number of times before they undergo a permanent growth arrest, known as replicative senescence. Transformation with oncogenes, such as Simian Virus 40 large T antigen (SV40 T-Ag), which bind and inactivate the protein products of the p53 and the retinoblastoma (pRb) genes, allow primary cells to extend their lifespan before undergoing a new growth arrest, known as crisis (1). Only rare cells survive the crisis and proliferate indefinitely as immortal cell lines. Due to increased chromosomal instability, these immortal cells lose part of their initial phenotype. Telomere maintenance, known to participate in chromosomal integrity, regulates the timing of cellular senescence (2). Combined with the inhibition of p53/pRb, telomere maintenance, via ectopic expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT), allows human cells to escape from crisis and to become immortal (3). It nevertheless remains to be shown that this method of immortalization avoids the phenotypic drift of the cells. For this purpose, human preosteoblasts were first infected with SV40 T-Ag and subsequently with hTERT recombinant virus and phenotypic features of the cell lines were compared.
Avian Postovulatory Follicle Homogenate Effect on the Genital Tract Motility (1975)

The recently ruptured follicles of the avian ovaries were found to contain an oxytocic substance. The substance was found to be heat-labile, nondialyzable and not extractable by lipid solvents. The crude homogenate stimulated the frequency and amplitude of the chicken infundibulum, uterus and uterovaginal junction, if they were taken from hens 2 h before predicted oviposition. The homogenate was found to induce premature oviposition and to stimulate the uterine contractions of rats treated with progesterone. Uterine tissues taken from estrogen-treated rats either did not respond to the homogenate or were inhibited. Addition of phenoxybenzamine or propanolol did not inhibit the stimulatory effect of the homogenate. It is possible that this factor might be involved in regulating oviposition in the hen.
Roles and Responsibilities (2022)

We are doing a bad job of drawing the line on what is and is not the responsibility of cybersecurity professionals, services, and products. If we continue to fail to understand ourselves and our roles and responsibilities, we cannot hope to innovate on how to improve. Cybersecurity should be defined as the protection of data through transit, processing, and storage, but there has been a large drift away from what true cybersecurity is and how it is employed. Cybersecurity has become all-encompassing in private business, throughout the government, and in our personal lives.
CO/sub 2/ laser performance with a distributed gold catalyst (1989)

The performance of a CO/sub 2/ laser was improved by coating the inside wall of the discharge tube with a discontinuous gold film. In the presence of the discharge, the gold acts as an ambient temperature catalyst to reform decomposed CO/sub 2/. The gold coated laser delivered 122 W/m for both sealed-off and flowing operation. CO/sub 2/ decomposition levels are presented as a function of input power, gas pressure, and temperature. Atomic oxygen, generated by the discharge, appears to be required for gold to exhibit any detectable catalytic activity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Silicon-Promoted Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation between Ketones and Allyl- or Vinylsilanes Catalyzed by Manganese(IV) Dioxide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicon-Promoted Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation between Ketones and Allyl- or Vinylsilanes Catalyzed by Manganese(IV) DioxideJih Ru Hwu, Buh-Luen Chen, and Shui-Sheng ShiaoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 8, 2448–2455Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00113a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00113a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Broadband three-mode converter and multiplexer based on cascaded symmetric Y-junctions and subwavelength engineered MMI and phase shifters (2023)

Mode-division multiplexing has emerged as a promising route for increasing transmission capacity while maintaining the same level of on-chip integration. Despite the large number of on-chip mode converters and multiplexers reported for the silicon-on-insulator platform, scaling the number of multiplexed modes is still a critical challenge. In this paper, we present a novel three-mode architecture based on multimode interference couplers, passive phase shifters and cascaded symmetric Y-junctions. This architecture can readily operate up to the third-order mode by including a single switchable phase shifter. Moreover, we exploit subwavelength grating metamaterials to overcome bandwidth limitations of multimode interference couplers and phase shifters, resulting in a simulated bandwidth of 161 nm with insertion loss and crosstalk below 1.18 dB and −20 dB, respectively.
Automatic Detection of Hot Flash Occurrence and Timing from Skin Conductance Activity (2018)

Hot flashes (HF) are intense, transient feelings of heat usually accompanied with flushed skin and sweating that are experienced by women around the time of menopause. HFs are associated with poor quality of life and increased cardiovascular risk. Automatic detection of HF occurrence and precise timing of HF onset could provide unique insight into the physiology of the HF and its effect on the cardiovascular system. A novel automatic algorithm is proposed for the detection of HFs occurrence and timing from the sternal skin conductance signal that is robust to noise and artifacts. The method is based on the gold standard rule (2μS rise in skin conductance within 30 s) and considers several conditions based on the skin conductance level and its derivative to reject unwanted events. ECG-derived heart rate pattern variations are studied prior to the detected HF onset. The algorithm is validated against expert detected HFs over 200 hours of sleep data collected from 12 perimenopausal women. It achieved a total accuracy of 93% and a total error of 3% in HF detection. It was observed that heart rate increased before the onset of 80% of the HFs occurring in undisturbed sleep. Application of this algorithm along with fusion of other simultaneously recorded physiological measures has the potential to advance understanding of the HF.
Metabolic Dependencies in <i>RAS</i>-Driven Cancers (2015)

The ability to inhibit the RAS oncogene has been the holy grail of oncology because of the critical role of this gene in a multitude of tumor types. In addition, RAS-mutant tumors are among the most aggressive and refractory to treatment. Although directly targeting the RAS oncogene has proven challenging, an alternative approach for treating RAS-driven cancers is to inhibit critical downstream events that are required for tumor maintenance. Indeed, much focus has been put on inhibiting signaling cascades downstream of RAS. Recent studies have shown that oncogenic RAS promotes a metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, shifting them toward an anabolic metabolism necessary to produce biomass to support unconstrained proliferation. These cancers also use a diverse set of fuel sources to meet their metabolic needs and have even developed a variety of mechanisms to act as metabolic scavengers to obtain necessary metabolic substrates from both extracellular and intracellular sources. Collectively, these adaptations can create "metabolic bottlenecks" whereby tumor cells rely on particular pathways or rate-limiting metabolites. In this regard, inhibiting individual or combinations of these metabolic pathways can attenuate growth in preclinical models. Because these dependencies are tumor selective and downstream of oncogenic RAS, there is the opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Although targeting tumor metabolism is still in the early days of translation to patients, our continued advances in understanding critical metabolic adaptations in RAS-driven cancers, as well as the ability to study this altered metabolism in relevant tumor models, will accelerate the development of new therapeutic approaches. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1828-34. ©2015 AACR. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers."
Individually-addressable flip-chip AlInGaN micropixelated light emitting diode arrays with high continuous and nanosecond output power (2008)

Micropixelated blue (470 nm) and ultraviolet (370 nm) AlInGaN light emitting diode ('micro-LED') arrays have been fabricated in flip-chip format with different pixel diameters (72 microm and 30 microm at, respectively, 100 and 278 pixels/mm(2)). Each micro-LED pixel can be individually-addressed and the devices possess a specially designed n-common contact incorporated to ensure uniform current injection and consequently uniform light emission across the array. The flip-chip micro-LEDs show, per pixel, high continuous output intensity of up to 0.55 microW/microm(2) (55 W/cm(2)) at an injection current density of 10 kA/cm(2) and can sustain continuous injection current densities of up to 12 kA/cm(2) before breakdown. We also demonstrate that nanosecond pulsed output operation of these devices with per pixel onaxis average peak intensity up to 2.9 microW/microm(2) (corresponding to energy of 45pJ per 22ns optical pulse) can be achieved. We investigate the pertinent performance characteristics of these arrays for micro-projection applications, including the prospect of integrated optical pumping of organic semiconductor lasers.
Experience With “Jaw in a Day” Technique (2020)

The "Jaw in a Day" (JIAD) technique, first described by Levine and colleagues, establishes immediate functional occlusion through a single-stage maxillomandibular reconstruction with concurrent implant placement and provisional prosthesis delivery. In this study, the authors describe 2 cases exemplifying the reconstructive principles of JIAD. One patient underwent mandibular reconstruction with the JIAD technique and another patient underwent JIAD with an optimized rapid sequence computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) for composite maxillomandibular reconstruction. Immediate implant-borne prosthesis was fixated and all implants osseointegrated into the neomandible. Although the authors' patient outcomes are consistent with the literature, the published reports of JIAD remain limited, and further studies are required to assess the long-term functional and aesthetic outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness of this approach.
Structure-Function Analysis of MurJ Reveals a Solvent-Exposed Cavity Containing Residues Essential for Peptidoglycan Biogenesis in Escherichia coli (2013)

Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli build a peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall in their periplasm using the precursor known as lipid II. Lipid II is a large amphipathic molecule composed of undecaprenyl diphosphate and a disaccharide-pentapeptide that PG-synthesizing enzymes use to build the PG sacculus. During PG biosynthesis, lipid II is synthesized at the cytoplasmic face of the inner membrane and then flipped across the membrane. This translocation of lipid II must be assisted by flippases thought to shield the disaccharide-pentapeptide as it crosses the hydrophobic core of the membrane. The inner membrane protein MurJ is essential for PG biogenesis and homologous to known and putative flippases of the MOP (multidrug/oligo-saccharidyl-lipid/polysaccharide) exporter superfamily, which includes flippases that translocate undecaprenyl diphosphate-linked oligosaccharides across the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria. Consequently, MurJ has been proposed to function as the lipid II flippase in E. coli. Here, we present a three-dimensional structural model of MurJ generated by the I-TASSER server that suggests that MurJ contains a solvent-exposed cavity within the plane of the membrane. Using in vivo topological studies, we demonstrate that MurJ has 14 transmembrane domains and validate features of the MurJ structural model, including the presence of a solvent-exposed cavity within its transmembrane region. Furthermore, we present functional studies demonstrating that specific charged residues localized in the central cavity are essential for function. Together, our studies support the structural homology of MurJ to MOP exporter proteins, suggesting that MurJ might function as an essential transporter in PG biosynthesis.
A voiceportal enhanced by semantic processing and affect awareness (2005)

Abstract: In order to improve the automation rate of state-of-the-art IVR systems we introduce the application of two key technologies. Semantic processing is performed to analyze the input utterance of the user and to generate a suitable system output based on a given domain model. Additionally, affect awareness is used for monitoring the emotional state of the user. 1
Nonparallel Voice Conversion With Augmented Classifier Star Generative Adversarial Networks (2020)

We previously proposed a method that allows for nonparallel voice conversion (VC) by using a variant of generative adversarial networks (GANs) called StarGAN. The main features of our method, called StarGAN-VC, are as follows: First, it requires no parallel utterances, transcriptions, or time alignment procedures for speech generator training. Second, it can simultaneously learn mappings across multiple domains using a single generator network and thus fully exploit available training data collected from multiple domains to capture latent features that are common to all the domains. Third, it can generate converted speech signals quickly enough to allow real-time implementations and requires only several minutes of training examples to generate reasonably realistic-sounding speech. In this article, we describe three formulations of StarGAN, including a newly introduced novel StarGAN variant called “Augmented classifier StarGAN (A-StarGAN)”, and compare them in a nonparallel VC task. We also compare them with several baseline methods.
Gümüşhane Şeriyye Sicili (1887-1892) (2017)

Şeriyye Sicilleri, Osmanlı Devleti’nin idari, siyasi ve sosyo-ekonomik yapısını anlamlandırmak için zengin bilgiler içeren önemli defter serileridir. Toplumu ilgilendiren eğitim, sağlık, kültür, ekonomi, ziraat, ticaret gibi pek çok konuda binlerce belgeyi bünyesinde barındırır. Şeriyye Sicilleri, bazı Osmanlı şehirleri için yüzlerce yıllık dönemi aydınlatmak için yeterli veriler sağlamaktadır. Ancak bahse konu olan Gümüşhane için günümüze ulaşmış tek bir şeriyye defteri vardır. 1887-1892 yılları arasında tutulan bu defter, Gümüşhane tarihine ışık tutacak veriler içermektedir. Bu çalışma ile mevcut Şeriyye Sicili’nin tanıtımı gerçekleştirilerek elde edilen bilgiler ilim dünyasının faydasına sunulacaktır.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Bioinformatically Predicted Microcin C-Like Compounds Encoded by Diverse Bacteria (2014)

ABSTRACT The Trojan horse Escherichia coli antibiotic microcin C (McC) consists of a heptapeptide attached to adenosine through a phosphoramidate linkage. McC is synthesized by the MccB enzyme, which terminally adenylates the ribosomally synthesized heptapeptide precursor MccA. The peptide part is responsible for McC uptake; it is degraded inside the cell to release a toxic nonhydrolyzable aspartyl-adenylate. Bionformatic analysis reveals that diverse bacterial genomes encoding mccB homologues also contain adjacent short open reading frames that may encode MccA-like adenylation substrates. Using chemically synthesized predicted peptide substrates and recombinant cognate MccB protein homologs, adenylated products were obtained in vitro for predicted MccA peptide-MccB enzyme pairs from Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactococcus johnsonii, Bartonella washoensis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Synechococcus sp. Some adenylated products were shown to inhibit the growth of E. coli by targeting aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, the target of McC. IMPORTANCE Our results prove that McC-like adenylated peptides are widespread and are encoded by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and by cyanobacteria, opening ways for analyses of physiological functions of these compounds and for creation of microcin C-like antibiotics targeting various bacteria.
Exploiting High-Level Knowledge Resources for SpeechRecognition (2009)

This book proposes a novel methodology to improve the
performance of a Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech
Recognizer (LVCSR) by modeling several high-level
knowledge resources into an n-best list re-ranking
mechanism. The book focuses on the identification and
formulation of several novel, additional,
domain-independent knowledge resources into a
re-ranking mechanism. We illustrate the extent of
improvements obtainable by efficiently exploiting
phonetic, lexical, syntactic and semantic knowledge.
We improve WER for specific domains by combining
domain-independent knowledge with automatically
extractable domain-dependent resources. To model
domain-dependent knowledge, we propose a methodology
to automatically generate SLMs for specific dialog
states. The heart of this book not only lies in the
task of selecting and modeling key information
resources but also on combining them efficiently.
Hence, we explore using minimum error rate training
to optimally assign knowledge resource weights by
directly minimizing the WER on a development set.
Finally, we present a novel IVR grammar
creation/tuning application and illustrate the
importance of the re-ranking mechanism in this framework.
Foreground memory management in data path synthesis (1992)

Abstract The management of foreground memory is a main issue in data path synthesis. the storage of values in registers and register files not only determines the number of each of them but also has a major impact on the interconnect structure. Both the amount of multiplexing and interconnect are crucial factors to both the delay and area of a circuit. In this paper it is shown that when values are grouped into register files before being assigned to actual registers, significant savings (20 per cent) can be obtained in the number of local interconnections and the amount of global interconnect at the expense of only slightly more register area. These results can be enhanced by splitting the read and write phases of registers and even more by introducing serial (re)write operations for the same value. the value grouping is based on edge‐colouring algorithms that provide a sharp upper bound on the number of register groups needed. After value grouping, the registers are allocated for each register file separately. Algorithms for register allocation published up till now have only considered loop‐free data flow graphs. When these algorithms are applied to data flow graphs with loops, unnecessary register transfer operations can be introduced. In this paper a new algorithm is presented that performs a minimal register allocation eliminating all superfluous register transfer operations. Experiments on a benchmark set have shown that in all cases all register transfers could be eliminated at no increase in register cost. This paper provides a deeper insight to the computational complexity of some problems in the area of data path synthesis. It shows that the various subtasks can be solved exactly using polynomial time algorithms.
Self-consistency of the principle of profile consistency results for sawtoothing tokamak discharges (1990)

The principle of profile consistency states that for fixed limiter safety factor qa there are unique natural equilibrium profile shapes for the current density j(r) (and consequently q(r)) and the electron temperature Te(r) for any tokamak plasma, independent of the shapes of the heating power deposition profiles. The mathematical statements of the three basic consequences of this principle for sawtoothing discharges (i.e. discharges with q(0) ≤ 1) are: (1) r1/a = F1(l/qa) (≈ 1/qa, empirically); (2) ⟨Te⟩/Te0 = F2(l/qa); and (3) a unique scaling law for the central electron temperature , where q(r1) = 1, ⟨Te⟩ is the volume average electron temperature, and F3(qa) = qa/q0. Since Ohm's law relates j(r) to Te(r), the principle of profile consistency dictates that this unique set of functions F1, F2 and F3 remain the same for all sawtoothing discharges in any tokamak, regardless of its size (i.e. a and R), Ip, VL, BT, etc. The paper presents a rather complete and detailed analysis of this self-consistency of the measured values of Te(r), F1, F2 and F3 for sawtoothing TFTR discharges. In particular, the analytical predictions of the profiles of Coppi's Gaussian, exponential, modified exponential and trapezoidal models, as well as the model profiles of Kadomtsev and Campbell et al. are compared with TFTR and TFR data. Some of the principal results are: (1) The empirical profile consistency relation r1/a = 1/qa is an acceptable solution of q(r1) = 1 for all qa dependent profiles. (2) A comparison between experiment and the present analytic results yields [⟨Te⟩/Te0]EXP ≈ [⟨Te⟩/Te0]AN + 0.05 for the profiles of Coppi's Gaussian model, and for the profiles of the models of Kadomtsev and Campbell et al. (3) For all qa independent profiles, F3(qa) = qa/q0 = constant, and, consequently, for all qa dependent profiles, F3(qa) = qa/q0 ∼ qa when r1/a ≈ 1/qa, and, consequently, . (4) Coppi's and Ohkawa's forms of xe(r) yield , while the INTOR value of xe(r) yields . (5) For r1/a ≈ 1/qa, the profiles of Coppi's Gaussian model and those of the models of Kadomtsev and Campbell et al. all predict that the normalized sawtooth amplitude ΔTe/Te ∼ 1/qa, in agreement with the experimental observations. (6) For qa dependent models, universality of profiles exists in suitably reduced co-ordinates when r1/a ≈ 1/qa.
DC Grid Control (2015)

This chapter presents the VSC converter and dispatcher control methods in DC grids. The terminal control requirements are provided with a view to the eventual standardisation of VSC converter controls for DC grids. The droop control and three-level converter control are presented and examined using power-flow models. The dispatcher controller is analysed. In the last section, DC grid control and power flow are analysed using the CIGRE DC grid test system.
A Message from the President—Come to Orlando, March 25–28, 1987 (1987)

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1987) 41, 126–126; doi:10.1038/clpt.1987.22