gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topology Effect of AIEgen-Appended Poly(acrylic acid) with Biocompatible Segments on Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Sensing and Protein-Adsorption-Resistance Properties (2018)

We recently reported that tetraphenylethene-appended poly(acrylic acid) derivatives (e.g., PAA-TPE<sub>0.02</sub>) can serve as fluorescent Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensors in the presence of physiological concentrations of biologically relevant ions, amino acids, and sugars. However, in the presence of basic proteins such as albumins, the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensing property of the polymer is significantly impaired due to the nonspecific adsorption of protein molecules, which competes with binding to Ca<sup>2+</sup>. To solve this problem, we explored new designs by focusing on the polymer-chain topology of PAA-TPE<sub>0.02</sub> with biocompatible segments. Here, we report the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensing and protein-adsorption-resistance properties of various types of PAA-TPE<sub>0.02</sub> copolymers with a poly(oligoethylene glycol acrylate) (polyOEGA) segment, featuring a random, diblock, triblock, or 4-armed-star-block structure. Through this study, we show an interesting topology effect; i.e., a branch-shaped PAA-TPE<sub>0.02</sub>-<i>co</i>-polyOEGA with biocompatible segments at every terminal (i.e., 4-armed-star-block copolymer) exhibits both good Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensing and protein-adsorption-resistance properties.
Thermodynamics of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Dimerization: The Balance of Sterics and Electronics (2008)

The past decade has seen N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) emerging as a credible alternative to ubiquitous tertiary phosphines as ligands in organic and organometallic chemistry. In many cases NHC ligands have proven more effective than phosphines as ancillary ligands in catalysis, while in some cases they also enable unexpected and welcomed chemical routes to new products.(1) These initial discoveries have paved the way to a continued search for new NHCs able to promote more effective and/or unprecedented catalysis. Nevertheless, the search for new and useful NHCs remains an arduous task, because, to date, useful NHCs have to be synthesized as monomeric species, while some monomeric NHCs have the disappointing tendency to easily dimerize as shown in eq 1. 1 2 NHC:⇔ NHC═CHN+−E dim
Multimodal Assessment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Transmission-Reflection Optoacoustic Ultrasound (2022)

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an umbrella term referring to a group of conditions associated to fat deposition and damage of liver tissue. Early detection of fat accumulation is essential to avoid progression of NAFLD to serious pathological stages such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We exploited the unique capabilities of transmission-reflection optoacoustic ultrasound (TROPUS), which combines the advantages of optical and acoustic contrasts, for an early-stage multi-parametric assessment of NAFLD in mice. The multispectral optoacoustic imaging allowed for spectroscopic differentiation of lipid content, as well as the bio-distributions of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in liver tissues in vivo . The pulse-echo (reflection) ultrasound (US) imaging further provided a valuable anatomical reference whilst transmission US facilitated the mapping of speed of sound changes in lipid-rich regions, which was consistent with the presence of macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in the NAFLD livers examined with ex vivo histological staining. The proposed multimodal approach facilitates quantification of liver abnormalities at early stages using a variety of optical and acoustic contrasts, laying the ground for translating the TROPUS approach toward diagnosis and monitoring NAFLD in patients.
Physical and Mental Recovery after Aortic Valve Surgery in Non-Elderly Patients: Native Valve-Preserving Surgery vs. Prosthetic Valve Replacement (2023)

<b>Background</b>: Exercise capacity and patient-reported outcomes are increasingly considered crucial following aortic valve (AV) surgery in non-elderly adults. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the effect of native valve preservation compared with prosthetic valve replacement. <b>Methods:</b> From October 2017 to August 2020, 100 consecutive non-elderly patients undergoing surgery for severe AV disease were included. Exercise capacity and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated upon admission, and 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. <b>Results:</b> In total, 72 patients underwent native valve-preserving procedures (AV repair or Ross procedure, NV group), and 28 patients, prosthetic valve replacement (PV group). Native valve preservation was associated with an increased risk of reoperation (weighted hazard ratio: 10.57 (95% CI: 1.24-90.01), <i>p</i> = 0.031). The estimated average treatment effect on six-minute walking distance in NV patients at 1 year was positive, but not significant (35.64 m; 95% CI: -17.03-88.30, adj. <i>p</i> = 0.554). The postoperative physical and mental quality of life was comparable in both groups. Peak oxygen consumption and work rate were better at all assessment time points in NV patients. Marked longitudinal improvements in walking distance (NV, +47 m (adj. <i>p</i> < 0.001); PV, +25 m (adj. <i>p</i> = 0.004)) and physical (NV, +7 points (adj. <i>p</i> = 0.023); PV, +10 points (adj. <i>p</i> = 0.005)) and mental quality of life (NV, +7 points (adj. <i>p</i> < 0.001); PV, +5 points (adj. <i>p</i> = 0.058)) from the preoperative period to the 1-year follow-up were observed. At 1 year, there was a tendency of more NV patients reaching reference values of walking distance. <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite the increased risk of reoperation, physical and mental performance markedly improved after native valve-preserving surgery and was comparable to that after prosthetic aortic valve replacement.
Epigenetic therapies for neuroblastoma: immunogenicity awakens (2023)

The development of immunotherapies for neuroblastoma remains challenging owing to the low immunogenicity of neuroblastoma cells, as reflected by the low expression of one of the main triggers of immune recognition, the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). Cornel et al. showed that epigenetic modulation of neuroblastoma cells with a histone deacetylase inhibitor can boost the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I, among other immune receptors, priming their recognition by T- and natural killer cells. By leveraging the developmentally related aberrant epigenetic landscapes of neuroblastoma, these discoveries pave the way to overcome a major limitation in the field of neuroblastoma immunotherapy.
Novel two-photon optical limiting materials (2004)

A detailed study was conducted for two-photon absorption of a selected group of new derivatives of cyclohexanone/piperidone with regard to their molecular structure and the feasibility of using these derivatives as nonlinear optical absorbers for optical limiting. Derivatives of cyclohexanone/piperidone have a cross-section of two-photon absorption of the order of 3000 x 10<sup>-50</sup>cm<sup>4</sup>s/photon and compare well against known two-photon absorbers. This makes them promising nonlinear optical absorbers and optical limiters. Their important feature is that the energy is absorbed in the infrared region, where the protection is needed for remote IR sensors and night-vision systems. It is also important that the energy of the dissipated infrared radiation is converted mostly into fluorescence but not into heat that can damage optical limiter.
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Orally Administered Botanical Composition, UP446‐Part I: Effects on Embryo‐Fetal Development in New Zealand White Rabbits and Sprague Dawley Rats (2015)

The pharmacotoxicology impacts of dietary supplements taken at the time of pregnancy have remained alarming since women are the frequent herbal medicine users in many countries as a complement to the conventional pregnancy management. The use of herbal medicines and diet supplements in expectant mothers linked closely to the health of the childbearing mothers and the fetuses where the lack of developmental safety data imposes a challenge to make the right choices. Here, we describe the potential adverse effects of UP446, a standardized bioflavonoid composition from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis and the heartwoods of Acacia catechu, on embryo-fetal development following maternal exposure during the critical period of major organogenesis in rabbits and rats. Pregnant dams were treated orally with UP446 at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day during gestation. The number of resorptions, implantations, litter size, body weights, and skeletal development was evaluated. Maternal food intake and body, tissue, and placenta weight were also assessed. There were no statistically significant differences in implantation, congenital malformation, embryo-fetal mortalities, and fetuses sex ratios in all dosing groups of both species. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect level of UP446 was considered to be greater than 1000 mg/kg in both the maternal and fetus in both species.
Green's function approach for interfacing UTD with FEM for a conformal array antenna on a large platform (2010)

A hybrid interface method is presented for analyzing complex array antennas mounted on a large platform. The antenna is characterized using the finite element method (FEM), and the radiation from the antenna is computed in the presence of the platform using the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD). The antenna is replaced by a set of equivalent sources on an interface surface that radiate in the presence of the platform. The platform is characterized by a UTD Green's function which finds the fields at any point in space due to each equivalent source. This approach may be applied to computing the radiation pattern of the antenna, the coupling to other antennas on the same platform, or the scattering from the platform back into the source antenna.
Acute and Chronic Airway Disease After Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus). (2015)

Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) generally presents as a mild, upper airway disease in human patients but may cause severe lower airway disease in the very young and very old. Progress toward understanding the mechanisms of RSV pathogenesis has been hampered by a lack of relevant rodent models. Mice, the species most commonly used in RSV research, are resistant to upper respiratory infection and do not recapitulate the pattern of virus spread in the human host. To address the need for better rodent models of RSV infection, we have characterized the acute and chronic pathology of RSV infection of a relatively permissive host, cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). We demonstrate that virus delivered to the upper airway results in widespread RSV replication in the ciliated respiratory epithelial cells of the nasal cavity and, to a lesser extent, of the lung. Although acute inflammation is relatively mild and rapidly eliminated after viral clearance, chronic, eosinophilic lung pathology persists. These data support the use of cotton rats as a robust rodent model of human RSV disease, including the association between RSV pneumonia and subsequent development of allergic asthma.
Swing-Up and Stability Control of Wheeled Acrobot (WAcrobot) (2014)

In this paper the Wheeled Acrobot (WAcrobot), a novel mechanical system consisting of an underactuated double inverted pendulum robot (Acrobot) equipped with actuated wheels, is described. This underactuated and highly nonlinear system has potential applications in mobile manipulators and leg-wheeled robots. It is also a test-bed for researchers studying advanced methodologies in nonlinear control. The control system for swing-up of the WAcrobot based on collocated or non-collocated feedback linearisation to linearise the active or passive Degree Of Freedom (DOF) followed by Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to stabilise the robot is discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated with numerical simulation. The numerical results are visualised by graphical simulation to demonstrate the correlation between the numerical results and the WAcrobot physical response.
Aziridination of Imines Mediated by Copper Catalysts (2001)

Aziridines are attractive organic molecules due to their great synthetic utilities.1 A variety of methods has been developed for the synthesis of aziridines2 including a ring closure reaction of 1,2-amino alcohols or their derivatives,3 ring opening of epoxides with metal azides,4 addition of α-haloester enolates to imines,5 a transfer of a nitrene group to an olefin,6 and the reactions between diazo esters and imines mediated either by carbene transfer catalysts7 or Lewis acid catalysts.8 We report herein the synthesis of aziridines from imines and ethyl diazoacetate using Cu(I) or Cu(II) catalysts under various reaction conditions. Jacobsen7a and Jφrgensen7b re-ported the aziridination reactions using Cu(I) and Cu(II) cat-alysts and found the yields and diastereoselectivities were depending on the solvents used and the substituents at the
Tracking multiple humans in crowded environment (2004)

Tracking of humans in dynamic scenes has been an important topic of research. Most techniques, however, are limited to situations where humans appear isolated and occlusion is small. Typical methods rely on appearance models that must be acquired when the humans enter the scene and are not occluded. We present a method that can track humans in crowded environments, with significant and persistent occlusion by making use of human shape models in addition to camera models, the assumption that humans walk on a plane and acquired appearance models. Experimental results and a quantitative evaluation are included.
An All-Digital Fully Integrated Inductive Buck Regulator With A 250-MHz Multi-Sampled Compensator and a Lightweight Auto-Tuner in 130-nm CMOS (2017)

A 125-MHz fully integrated inductive buck voltage regulator using 11.6-nH wirebond inductance and 3.2-nF on-chip capacitance is presented in 130-nm CMOS. An all-digital architecture is presented to ease integration in digital process nodes. The IVR demonstrates enhanced bandwidth enabled by a multi-sampled digital compensator with reduced precision computation. A fast and lightweight auto-tuning engine is presented to optimize steady-state stability and transient response under variation in passives. A resistive transient assist scheme and an adaptive all-digital discontinuous conduction mode control are presented to reduce transient response time and enhance light-load efficiency, respectively. The 130-nm testchip demonstrates a peak efficiency of 71% and a 2.9-V/μs output slew during large reference transient.
Tibiofemoral contact mechanics following a horizontal cleavage lesion in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (2015)

The purpose of this study was to determine if a horizontal cleavage lesion (HCL) of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus would result in changes to tibiofemoral contact mechanics, as measured by peak contact pressure and contact area, which can lead to cartilage degeneration. To study this, 10 cadaveric knees were tested in a rig where forces were applied (500 N Compression, 100 N shear, 2.5 Nm Torque) and the knee dynamically flexed from -5° to 135°, as peak contact pressure and contact area were recorded. After testing of the intact knee, a horizontal cleavage lesion was created arthroscopically and testing repeated. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine if there were differences in peak contact pressure and contact area between the intact knee and that with the HCL. A statistically significant increase in peak contact pressure of 13%, on average, and a decrease in contact area of 6%, on average, was noted following the HCL. This suggests that a horizontal cleavage lesion will result in small but statistically significant changes in tibiofemoral contact mechanics which may lead to cartilage degeneration.
Assessment of intraoperative 3D imaging alternatives for IOERT dose estimation (2016)

Intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) involves irradiation of an unresected tumour or a post-resection tumour bed. The dose distribution is calculated from a preoperative computed tomography (CT) study acquired using a CT simulator. However, differences between the actual IOERT field and that calculated from the preoperative study arise as a result of patient position, surgical access, tumour resection and the IOERT set-up. Intraoperative CT imaging may then enable a more accurate estimation of dose distribution. In this study, we evaluated three kilovoltage (kV) CT scanners with the ability to acquire intraoperative images. Our findings indicate that current IOERT plans may be improved using data based on actual anatomical conditions during radiation. The systems studied were two portable systems ("O-arm", a cone-beam CT [CBCT] system, and "BodyTom", a multislice CT [MSCT] system) and one CBCT integrated in a conventional linear accelerator (LINAC) ("TrueBeam"). TrueBeam and BodyTom showed good results, as the gamma pass rates of their dose distributions compared to the gold standard (dose distributions calculated from images acquired with a CT simulator) were above 97% in most cases. The O-arm yielded a lower percentage of voxels fulfilling gamma criteria owing to its reduced field of view (which left it prone to truncation artefacts). Our results show that the images acquired using a portable CT or even a LINAC with on-board kV CBCT could be used to estimate the dose of IOERT and improve the possibility to evaluate and register the treatment administered to the patient.
Fabrication and characterization of boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond microelectrodes modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nafion (2018)

Electroanalytical methods are increasingly used in the understanding of the complexity of the human brain function in normal and diseased states. The main component of the electroanalytical methods is an electrode and its electrochemical properties are linked to the overall performance of the sensor used in detecting the various electroactive brain chemicals and molecules. In this work, we developed a droplet-based microfluidic platform and characterized a boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (BDUNCD) microelectrode that is modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) thin film and nafion coatings. The coating parameters were systematically altered and studied their effect on dopamine (DA) sensing performance. BDUNCD microelectrodes that were modified with 50 nm thick nafion coating showed a 3-fold increase in DA detection signal, whereas the microelectrodes modified with MWCNT film and nafion coating showed a 10-fold increase in the detection signal. The un-modified and modified BDUNCD microelectrodes were evaluated for their long-term stability (up to 9 h) using a custom droplet-based microfluidics. The MWCNT-nafion modified BDUNCD microelectrode showed the highest sensitivity of 15.01 &mu;A &plusmn; 0.2% for 100 &mu;M DA concentration with a limit of detection of 1.78 nM &plusmn; 2%.
Spinal Radiographic Progression in Early Axial Spondyloarthritis: Five‐Year Results From the <scp>DESIR</scp> Cohort (2018)

Spinal radiographic progression, although limited in early axial SpA, can be captured after 2 years. Inflammation and damage in the sacroiliac joint are associated with higher radiographic progression. The presence of baseline syndesmophytes already strongly predicts the development of further structural damage early in the disease.
Second Primary Malignancies in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer after Radiotherapy: A 38-Year Follow-Up (2010)

Purpose: To define the incidence and risk of the second primary malignancies (SPM) in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) post radiotherapy in our hospital. We also analyze their prognosis after the SPM Materials and Method: Between April 1971 and April 2009, 1367 patients were indentified to have NPC after definitive radiotherapy. Of them, 45 patients developed SPM. They received various treatment strategies including surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, concurrent chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. Radiotherapy technique included conventional radiotherapy, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Results: The most common site for a SPM was the head and neck region, lung, liver and leukemia & lymphoma in decreasing order. The median time to development of SPM was 94 months. The crude incidence was 3.3%. The 20-year cumulative rate of development of SPM was 16.7%. Older patient has a higher incidence of 39.1%. The incidence between patients who received conventional radiotherapy and those having 3DCRT or IMRT is not significantly different (p=0.666). There is no significant difference for survival in NPC with or without SPM (p=0.245). Conclusions: Head and neck cancer is the most common second cancer in NPC patients after radiotherapy. There is a trend to the development of SPM in the older age groups (＞50 years old)
The role of antigen mobility in anti-Rh0(D)-induced agglutination. (1975)

Intact human erythrocytes were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) or dimethyladipimidate (DMA) and tested for their ability to bind [125I]-IgG anti-Rh0(D) and to undergo antibody-mediated hemagglutination. There was no decrease in antibody binding after treatment with GA concentrations up to 1.25% and DMA concentrations up to 1%. Red cells treated with these concentrations of GA and DMA did not agglutinate. The techniques employed to induce agglutination of the cross-linked red cells involved "incomplete" IgG anti-Rho (D) in albumin, "complete" IgM anti-D Rho (D) in saline, and the antiglobulin (Coombs) reaction. The agglutinability of the chemically modified red cells was inversely correlated with the extent of fixation. The dissociation of antibody binding from agglutinability in cross-linked erythrocytes suggests that Rho (D) antigen mobility is required for red cell agglutination. Antigen mobility was manifested by the transition from a relatively monodisperse distribution pattern of Rho (D) antigen sites to one of large aggregates or clusters when agglutination was induced by IgM anti-Rho (D), IgG anti-Rho (D) agglutination of protease modified red cells, and by anti-IgG agglutination of IgG anti-Rho (D)-coated red cells. Antigen clustering was not as prominent in red cells agglutinated by IgG anti-Rho (D) in the presence of albumin. Even though antigen mobility is a prerequisite for antibody-mediated hemagglutination, clustering does not appear to be an absolute requirement. The degree of antigen clustering differs with varying types of agglutination.