gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Sirtuins and Calorie Restriction in Neuroprotection: Implications in Alzheimers and Parkinsons Diseases (2011)

Aging is the major known risk factor for the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondria play a central role in aging as mitochondrial dysfunction increases with age and produces harmful levels of reactive oxygen species which leads to cellular oxidative stress (free-radical theory of aging). Oxidative stress is highly damaging to cellular macromolecules and is also a major cause of the loss and impairment of neurons in neurodegenerative disorders. A growing body of evidence suggests that modulation of sirtuin activity and restricting calorie intake has a strong neuroprotective effect. SIRT1 induction by the use of pharmacological activators or by calorie restriction (CR) diet regimen has been shown to protect against neuronal loss and impairment in the cellular and animal models of AD and PD. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent data related to the role of sirtuins and CR in neurodegeneration and discuss the potential underlying signaling pathways of neuroprotection that might serve as attractive targets for the future therapeutic intervention of these age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
An E2F1-HOXB9 Transcriptional Circuit Is Associated with Breast Cancer Progression (2014)

Homeobox B9 (HOXB9), a member of the homeobox gene family, is overexpressed in breast cancer and promotes tumor progression and metastasis by stimulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment. HOXB9 activates the TGFβ-ATM axis, leading to checkpoint activation and DNA repair, which engenders radioresistance in breast cancer cells. Despite detailed reports of the role of HOXB9 in breast cancer, the factors that regulate HOXB9 transcription have not been extensively examined. Here we uncover an underlying mechanism that may suggest novel targeting strategies for breast cancer treatment. To identify a transcription factor binding site (TFBS) in the HOXB9 promoter region, a dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted. Protein candidates that may directly attach to a TFBS of HOXB9 were examined by Q-PCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and mutation analysis. A HOXB9 promoter region from -404 to -392 was identified as TFBS, and E2F1 was a potential binding candidate in this region. The induction of HOXB9 expression by E2F1 was observed by Q-PCR in several breast cancer cell lines overexpressing E2F1. The stimulatory effect of E2F1 on HOXB9 transcription and its ability to bind the TFBS were confirmed by luciferase, EMSA and ChIP assay. Immunohistochemical analysis of 139 breast cancer tissue samples revealed a significant correlation between E2F1 and HOXB9 expression (p<0.001). Furthermore, a CDK4/6 inhibitor suppressed E2F1 expression and also reduced expression of HOXB9 and its downstream target genes. Our in vitro analysis identified the TFBS of the HOXB9 promoter region and suggested that E2F1 is a direct regulator of HOXB9 expression; these data support the strong correlation we found between E2F1 and HOXB9 in clinical breast cancer samples. These results suggest that targeting the E2F1/HOXB9 axis may be a novel strategy for the control or prevention of cancer progression and metastasis.
Analysis of correlations between local geographic atrophy growth rates and local OCT angiography-measured choriocapillaris flow deficits (2021)

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively assess correlations between local geographic atrophy (GA) growth rates and local optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-measured choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficits. Thirty-eight eyes from 27 patients with GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were imaged with a commercial 1050 nm swept-source OCTA instrument at 3 visits, each separated by ∼6 months. Pearson correlations were computed between local GA growth rates, estimated using a biophysical GA growth model, and local OCTA CC flow deficit percentages measured along the GA margins of the baseline visits. The p-values associated with the null hypothesis of no Pearson correlation were estimated using a Monte Carlo permutation scheme that incorporates the effects of spatial autocorrelation. The null hypothesis (Pearson's <i>ρ</i> = 0) was rejected at a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate of 0.2 in 15 of the 114 visit pairs, 11 of which exhibited positive correlations; even amongst these 11 visit pairs, correlations were modest (<i>r</i> in [0.30, 0.53]). The presented framework appears well suited to evaluating other potential imaging biomarkers of local GA growth rates.
Gamma Interferon Release Assays for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection (2014)

Identification and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can substantially reduce the risk of developing active disease. However, there is no diagnostic gold standard for LTBI. Two tests are available for identification of LTBI: the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA). Evidence suggests that both TST and IGRA are acceptable but imperfect tests. They represent indirect markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure and indicate a cellular immune response to M. tuberculosis. Neither test can accurately differentiate between LTBI and active TB, distinguish reactivation from reinfection, or resolve the various stages within the spectrum of M. tuberculosis infection. Both TST and IGRA have reduced sensitivity in immunocompromised patients and have low predictive value for progression to active TB. To maximize the positive predictive value of existing tests, LTBI screening should be reserved for those who are at sufficiently high risk of progressing to disease. Such high-risk individuals may be identifiable by using multivariable risk prediction models that incorporate test results with risk factors and using serial testing to resolve underlying phenotypes. In the longer term, basic research is necessary to identify highly predictive biomarkers.
Ice Nucleation in Deep Convection (2001)

The processes controlling production of ice crystals in deep, rapidly ascending convective columns are poorly understood due to the difficulties involved with either modeling or in situ sampling of these violent clouds. A large number of ice crystals are no doubt generated when droplets freeze at about -40 C. However, at higher levels, these crystals are likely depleted due to precipitation and detrainment. As the ice surface area decreases, the relative humidity can increase well above ice saturation, resulting in bursts of ice nucleation. We will present simulations of these processes using a large-eddy simulation model with detailed microphysics. Size bins are included for aerosols, liquid droplets, ice crystals, and mixed-phase (ice/liquid) hydrometers. Microphysical processes simulated include droplet activation, freezing, melting, homogeneous freezing of sulfate aerosols, and heterogeneous ice nucleation. We are focusing on the importance of ice nucleation events in the upper part of the cloud at temperatures below -40 C. We will show that the ultimate evolution of the cloud in this region (and the anvil produced by the convection) is sensitive to these ice nucleation events, and hence to the composition of upper tropospheric aerosols that get entrained into the convective column.
Experience with a multichannel system for biomagnetic study (1993)

The components of the biomagnetic multichannel system Krenikon are described. The combination of biomagnetically yielded localizations with anatomic images gained from MR or CT is discussed as well as the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio by using a correlation technique. The overall localization accuracy is tested with technical phantoms. With volunteers measurements of auditory, visual and somatosensory evoked fields are performed to evaluate the system performance in vivo. Clinical studies were performed mainly with partners from the Universities of Erlangen-Nünberg and Ulm. The data acquisition time typically is 2-10 min which is tolerable both for the patient and the clinical staff. Electric potentials even with invasive electrodes can be recorded simultaneously with the magnetic fields. MEG gives important information for the presurgical diagnosis of epileptic patients and for the understanding of the epilepsy genesis. With MCG, centres of biologic excitation such as ventricular ectopies or accessory bundles in WPW syndrome have been successfully localized.
Multi-Scale Models for Multi-Component Structural Energetic Materials (2009)

Structural energetic materials are dual functional materials. In this paper the subject of the design of the mixture constituents and their ratios are first discussed. Then, procedures to theoretically determine the finite deformation constitutive relations by the use of quantum mechanics based density functional theory are discussed.
A new diterpenoid from <i>Salvia santolinifolia</i> boiss (2022)

Phytochemical study of the <i>Salvia santolinifolia</i> root extract resulted in the isolation of one new quinone diterpenoid, aegyptinone E (<b>1</b>) as well as two known ones, aegyptinone A (<b>2</b>) and aegyptinone D (<b>3</b>). All the isolated compounds were reported for the first time from <i>S. santolinifolia</i>. Spectroscopic analyses including 1 D and 2 D NMR and HRESIMS were used to determine the chemical structures. Aegyptinone A (<b>2</b>) showed moderate antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus epidermis</i>, and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> with MIC of 25 μg/mL.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Induced Renal Tubular Acidosis in a Patient with AIDS (1995)

Journal Article Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Induced Renal Tubular Acidosis in a Patient with AIDS Get access Pere Domingo, Pere Domingo Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Bairelona, Barcelona, Spain Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Pere Domingo, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Avgda, Sant Antoni Ma Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Silyia Ferrer, Silyia Ferrer Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Bairelona, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Josefina Cruz, Josefina Cruz Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Bairelona, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rosa Morla, Rosa Morla Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Bairelona, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Josep Ris Josep Ris Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Bairelona, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 20, Issue 5, May 1995, Pages 1435–1437, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.5.1435 Published: 01 May 1995
Introduction (2014)

Biological fuel cells (BFCs) may provide a solution to provide small, lightweight, sustainable sources of power using simple renewable fuels (sugars, alcohols). BFCs have two primary operational advantages over alternative technologies for generating power from organic substrates: high conversion efficiency and operation at ambient temperatures. BFCs will scale down more effectively than conventional batteries. This chapter addresses BFC technology in five distinct sections such as Introduction and fundamentals to enzymatic fuel cell (EFC), optimizing and characterizing biological catalysis, system design, integration and outlook to future development and emerging applications. There are numerous biochemical and biophysical facets of EFCs that can be optimized to enhance their efficiency and power, and many of those factors are discussed in the chapter.
Chemical Documentation of Allopatric Introgression in Juniperus (1978)

Allopatric introgression, according to Edgar Anderson, is a potent source of variation and evolution in n-ature, Nevertheless, in spite of claims to the contrary, reliable documentation of this phenomenon in plants has not been forth- coming. In the present study, we examine chemical data from volatile extracts of leaf foliage obtained from an array of populations of juniperas virginiana and ).
Perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey: Cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic organization (2003)

Findings from recent tract-tracing studies examining the cortical and subcortical connectivity of the medial temporal lobe showed that the pattern of connections of areas TH and TF of the parahippocampal cortex were consistent with previous boundary demarcations of this region. In contrast, the connections of the perirhinal cortex (areas 35 and 36) indicated that the border of area 36 should be placed several millimeters more lateral than in earlier descriptions in the literature. The connections of this region also suggested that the perirhinal cortex extends rostrodorsally to include the medial portion of what is typically referred to as the temporal pole (areas TG, 38, or Pro). To determine if cyto- and chemoarchitectonic characteristics are consistent with the boundary scheme suggested by our tract-tracing studies, we carried out a detailed analysis of Nissl- and SMI-32-stained material throughout the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey. The staining patterns seen in both these preparations are in excellent agreement with the boundaries defined by earlier connectional studies. Based on these studies, we recognize areas 35 and area 36 of the perirhinal cortex and area 36 contains five subdivisions. The parahippocampal cortex is composed of areas TH and TF and area TF contains two subdivisions. For both the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices, we provide descriptions of the cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic features that are most useful for defining each cortical subdivision, as well as the features most useful for defining the boundaries with adjacent cortical regions. We discuss these findings in the context of the results of previous tract-tracing studies.
The COP9 signalosome influences the epigenetic landscape of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sterol metabolism in fetal, newborn, and suckled lambs and their response to cholesterol after weaning (1995)

Several aspects of cholesterol metabolism were studied in lambs at six stages of development. The first three stages involved fetal lambs with gestational ages (fertilization set at -150 days) of -73 days (early fetal), -42 days (midfetal), and -14 days (late fetal). The other groups comprised newborn (0 days), suckled (17 days), and weaned (105 days) lambs. The liver, kidney, spleen, and brain actively synthesized cholesterol at all stages of development, but hepatic synthesis in the suckled lambs was markedly suppressed compared with that in their newborn and weaned counterparts. Whereas intestinal sterol synthesis was very low in all the fetal lambs, the converse was true in the neonatal animals. The total cholesterol concentration in the liver, intestine, kidney, and spleen remained relatively constant at all stages of growth, whereas in brain tissue it increased throughout development. Plasma total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowest in the late fetal lambs and highest in the suckled animals. The metabolic response of weaned lambs to a dietary cholesterol challenge was similar to that reported for various monogastric species.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure of the Hollow‐Cage M8X12 Clusters. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stockpile Stewardship and the Reliable Replacement Warhead: Socio-Technical Repair in the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex (2007)

The end of the Cold War created great uncertainty about the future of U.S. nuclear weapons design laboratories. But the laboratories emerged from this crises with new work to do and budgets largely intact. We use the metaphor of socio-technical "repair" to describe how institutions alter technologies and social practices in order to adapt to change. An initial repair strategy, the Stockpile Stewardship Program, sought to transform weapons knowledge with a focus on modeling and simulation, but took a conservative approach to maintaining weapons in the stockpile. A more recent approach, built around the proposed Reliable Replacement Warhead (RRW), places less emphasis on the development of new knowledge, but seeks to transform the stockpile by redesigning weapon components with long-term stockpile storage in mind. The emergence of RRW as a credible repair strategy reflects significant change in the knowledge and culture of the nuclear weapons community and in the political relevance of nuclear weapons in the era of Stockpile Stewardship.
Substrate specificity of diacylglycerol kinase-epsilon and the phosphatidylinositol cycle (2011)

We show that diacylglycerol kinase-ε (DGKε) has less preference for the acyl chain at the sn-1 position of diacylglycerol (DAG) than the one at the sn-2 position. Although DGKε discriminates between 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-DAG and 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-DAG, it has similar substrate preference for 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-DAG and 1,2-diarachidonoyl-DAG. We suggest that in addition to binding to the enzyme, the acyl chain at the sn-1 position may contribute to the depth of insertion of the DAG into the membrane. Thus, the DAG intermediate of the PI-cycle, 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-DAG, is not the only DAG that is a good substrate for DGKε, the DGK isoform involved in PI-cycling.
T-cell independence of immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with SpA-containing staphylococci. (1980)

Unfractionated and T-cell depleted human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were cultured in vitro in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I (StaCw). After 7 days of culture, the cells were assayed for cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Cyto-Ig) by direct staining using fluorescein-labelled F(ab')2 fragments prepared from specific antisera against human IgG F(ab')2. The amount of immunoglobulin of the IgM and IgG class released into the cell-free supernatants was also measured by radioimmunoassay. In unfractionated PBL StaCw, like PWM, was able to induce a significant increase of either the number of Cyto-Ig containing cells for the amount of IgM and IgG secreted into the supernatant. In contrast, the amount of IgM and IgG immunoglobulin released into the supernatant of T-cell depleted suspensions stimulated with PWM was significantly reduced in comparison with that of unfractionated populations, whereas it was unchanged in T-cell depleted vs unfractionated suspensions stimulated with StaCw. The addition of a few T lymphocytes restored the ability of T-cell depleted suspensions to produce Ig in the presence of PWM, whereas despite addition of high numbers of T cells no further augmentation of the Ig production induced by StaCw on T-cell depleted suspensions was observed. Cultures of umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) stimulated with PWM did not generate Ig-producing cells, whereas UCBL stimulated with StaCw showed significant production of Ig of both IgM and IgG classes. The results indicate that T lymphocytes are probably not involved either with stimulation or with the suppression of Ig production induced by StaCw.
Design and first experiments on MagPieR, the magnetic microrobot (2012)

This article deals with the design, the actuation and the control of magnetic microrobots. The interest in such microscale robots actuated by remote force fields is increasing since a large range of application fields could benefit from these small size manipulators. However major scientific challenges such as the optimization of the actuation platform, or the reduction of the adhesion between the robot and the substrate must still be overcome to perform complex micromanipulations. This article presents an example of a magnetic microrobot, MagPieR. Its design, fabrication, actuation and control are detailed. First experiments are presented, and the issues that must still be overcome are highlighted.
MiR-490-3p inhibits osteogenic differentiation in thoracic ligamentum flavum cells by targeting FOXO1 (2018)

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is a rare heterotopic ossification of spinal ligaments, which is the major cause of thoracic spinal canal stenosis and myelopathy. In this study, the roles of miR-490-3p and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in osteogenesis of human thoracic ligamentum flavum cells were investigated. MiR-490-3p was found to be down-regulated during osteogenic differentiation of thoracic ligamentum flavum cells, while their overexpression inhibited osteogenic differentiation. In addition, the analysis of target prediction and dual luciferase reporter assays supported that miR-490-3p directly targeted FOXO1 and suppressed the expression of FOXO1. Moreover, FOXO1 knockdown was displayed to attenuate the effect of miR-490-3p inhibition. ChIP assays showed that miR-490-3p negatively regulated the interaction of FOXO1 and RUNX2. These findings suggest that miR-490-3p performs an inhibitory role in osteogenic differentiation of thoracic ligamentum flavum cells by potentially targeting FOXO1.
Comparison of functional properties of two fungal antifreeze proteins from <i>Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus</i> and <i>Typhula ishikariensis</i> (2009)

Antifreeze proteins are structurally diverse polypeptides that have thermal hysteresis activity and have been discovered in many cold-adapted organisms. Of these, fungal antifreeze protein has been purified and partially characterized only in a species of psychrophilic basidiomycete, Typhula ishikariensis. Here we report a new fungal antifreeze protein from another psychrophile, Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus. We examined its biochemical properties and thermal hysteresis activity, and compared them with those of the T. ishikariensis antifreeze protein. The antifreeze protein from A. psychrotrophicus was purified and identified as an extracellular protein of approximately 28 kDa, which halved in size following digestion with glycosidase. The A. psychrotrophicus antifreeze protein generated bipyramidal ice crystals and exhibited thermal hysteresis activity (for example thermal hysteresis = 0.42 degrees C for a 0.48 mM solution) similar to that of fish antifreeze proteins, while a unique rugged pattern was created on the facets of the ice bipyramid. The thermal hysteresis activity of the A. psychrotrophicus antifreeze protein was maximized under alkaline conditions, while that of the T. ishikariensis antifreeze protein was greatest under acidic conditions. The T. ishikariensis antifreeze protein exhibited a bursting ice growth normal to the c-axis of the ice crystal and high thermal hysteresis activity (approximately 2 degrees C), as in the case of insect hyperactive antifreeze proteins. From these results, we speculate that the A. psychrotrophicus antifreeze protein is very different from the T. ishikariensis antifreeze protein, and that these two psychrophiles have evolved from different genes.