gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Items of Interest to Process R&amp;D Chemists and Engineers (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVHighlights from the ...Highlights from the LiteratureNEXTSome Items of Interest to Process R&D Chemists and EngineersWenyi Zhao, Dongbo Zhao, Aman A. Desai, Rodrigo Octavio Mendonça Alves de Souza, Sylvain Guizzetti, Levente Simon, and John Knight*View Author Information Jacobus Pharmaceutical Co. Inc., Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States. E-mail: [email protected] Bayer Technology & Engineering (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 82, Mu Hua Road, Shanghai Chemical Industry Park, Shanghai 201507, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected] Aether Industries Limited, Surat, Gujarat, India. E-mail: [email protected] Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Athos da Silveira Ramos Street, 149, Rio de Janeiro 24230153, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] NovAlix, Building A: Chemistry, Bioparc, Bld Sébastien Brant BP 30170, F-67405 Illkirch Cedex, France. E-mail: [email protected] BASF Schweiz AG, Rheinfelderstrasse, CH 4133 Schweizerhalle, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] Scientific Update LLP, Maycroft Place, Stone Cross Mayfield, East Sussex TN20 6EW, United Kingdom*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2013, 17, 4, 606–614Publication Date (Web):April 3, 2013Publication History Published online3 April 2013Published inissue 19 April 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/op400064jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/op400064jarticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3111Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Organic reactions,Peptides and proteins,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Acid base balances (2008)

Critical Care Medicine: April 2008 - Volume 36 - Issue 4 - p 1392 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31816a1526
Partially oxidised boron nitride as a 2D nanomaterial for nanofiltration applications (2022)

Boron nitride (BN) based 2D nanomaterials are an emerging class of materials for the development of new membranes for nanofiltration applications. Here, we report the preparation, characterisation and testing of highly promising nanofiltration membranes produced from partially oxidised BN (BNOx) 2D nanosheets. In our work, the partial oxidation of BN was successfully achieved by heating the bulk h-BN powder in air at 1000 °C, resulting in BNOx product. The characterisation of the sample showed the presence of B-OH groups corresponding to the partial oxidisation of the BN. The BNOx material was then exfoliated in water and used to produce membranes, using vacuum filtration. These membranes were characterised using electron microscopy, BET and mercury porosimetry techniques. The membranes have also been tested in water purification and removal of several typical water-soluble dyes, demonstrating outstanding retention values close to 100%. We believe that this research opens up new opportunities for further production, as well as chemical functionalisation and modification of membranes for nanofiltration and separation technologies.
Mechanisms of rhythm generation of the human lumbar spinal cord in response to tonic stimulation without and with step-related sensory feedback (2013)

Independent studies have shown that the human lumbar spinal networks below a complete spinal cord injury can produce rhythmic motor outputs in response to step- related sensory feedback or sustained electrical spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Here we present our current studies ap- plying lumbar SCS in motor-complete spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals in the supine and supported standing posi- tion, and during assisted treadmill stepping, to explore the mechanisms of spinal rhythm generation. SCS could pro- duce rhythmic EMG activities without step-related sensory feedback; in each case, all muscles were active with a com- mon rhythm frequency. During SCS and passive treadmill stepping, muscle activities were normally synchronized to the imposed step frequency, but activities with an independ- ent rhythm frequency were generated as well. The results suggest rhythmic reflex actions and central spinal generation as two different causes of rhythm generation. Here, we present our current studies that explore the roles of sustained inputs and step-related sensory feedback to the human lumbosacral spinal cord in the generation of rhythmic motor patterns. We applied epidural or transcu- taneous lumbar SCS in motor-complete SCI individuals in the supine position (preventing hip extension and axial limb load that are otherwise critical for rhythm genera- tion), in a supported standing positions with the lower limbs being 'mechanically immobilized' (preventing movements at hip and knee), and during assisted and body-weight supported (BWS) treadmill stepping. Based on their characteristically different signal profiles, the hypothesis was that the non-patterned and patterned inputs to the spinal cord neural networks would reveal different mechanisms of rhythm generation. Methods
Reduction of relaxation oscillations in optical automatic gain clamped EDFA using fast electronic feedforward (2002)

A theoretical investigation of reduction of relaxation oscillations in optical automatic gain clamped erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) with fast electronic feedforward is reported. The results showed that the speeds of control electronics or corresponding response times, 4, 6 or 8 µs, bounded the reductions of the relaxation oscillations for 40, 20 or 10 channels, respectively.
Lymph node negative invasive breast carcinoma 1 centimeter or less in size (T1a,bN0M0) (1997)

T1a,bN0M0 carcinomas have a low recurrence rate, especially those tumors < or = 0.5 cm, or of low histologic or nuclear grade, or of favorable histologic type. The high recurrence among patients with tumors initially understaged as T1a,b carcinoma underscores the importance of accurately determining tumor size.
Coherent structure in the turbulent planar jet. Part 2. Structural topology via POD eigenmode projection (2002)

The topology of the large-scale structure in the similarity region of a turbulent planar jet is investigated experimentally. The large-scale structure is reconstructed in physical space by projection of measured proper orthogonal decomposition eigenmodes onto instantaneous flow-field realizations. The instantaneous flow-field realizations are obtained by a spanwise aligned triple X-wire rake arrangement which is used in conjunction with the linear stochastic estimation technique. Instantaneous realizations are also acquired via a second triple rake arrangement which provides an assessment of the effect of spatial aliasing on the resulting structural topology. Results indicate that the self-similar large-scale structure in the planar jet consists of a dominant planar component consisting of two lines of large-scale spanwise vortices arranged approximately asymmetrically with respect to the jet centreline. This planar component of the structure resembles the classic Kármán vortex street. There is a strong interaction between structures on opposite sides of the jet in the form of nearly two-dimensional lateral streaming motions that extend well across the flow. In addition, results indicate that the effect of the nonplanar spanwise modes is to both tilt and bend the primary spanwise vortex tubes and thereby redistribute large-scale vorticity. The bending occurs primarily in the streamwise direction. The degree to which the spanwise vortices are distorted varies greatly; in some cases they are nearly streamwise oriented and in others only slight distortion of a spanwise vortex is noted. Based upon the experimental results, prospects for low-order modelling of the jet large-scale structure are discussed.
Wireless Video Transmission: A Distortion-Optimal Approach (2008)

We identify an analytical expression for the distortion of a scalable video bitstream. Relying on the distortion expression, we propose a low complexity distortion-optimal unequal error protection (UEP) method for the transmission of such video bitstream over wireless tandem channels. Utilizing a one-dimensional forward error correction (FEC) coding scheme, our proposed transmission method protects the bitstream against both bit errors caused by fading and packet erasures caused by network buffering. Our coding scheme also leverages symbol interleaving to better cope with the temporally correlated loss observed over the tandem channels of interest. We evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme by comparing its results against those of UEP product codes as well as those of optimized version of equal error protection (EEP). For a variety of choices of fixed packet sizes, available budgets, and channel conditions, we illustrate the performance advantage of our scheme over other schemes. Our experiments also show that our scheme works more efficiently for channels with a higher probability of bit errors than those with a lower probability of bit errors.
3D TSV Interposer Technology with Cu/SnAg Microbump Interconnections (2010)

Microelectronics packaging is driven by the continuous increase in demands for smaller, faster, and cheaper products with enhanced performances. Flip-chip technology and multichip packaging are developed to meet the market needs. In recent years, the concept of multichip packaging is evolved into system-in-a-package (SIP). Major advantages of SiP are that different types and generations of devices are assembled in a single package, providing high flexibility for systems designers. One way of integrating more devices into a smaller volume is 3-D packaging techniques by stacking the chips vertically. The 3-D packaging can be broadly classified as chip stacking and package stacking. In chip stacking technology, dice are stacked. This technology has advantages of increased die combination and flexibility. These days there is more and more needs for 3D TSV interposers. Based on silicon or glass, 3D TSV interposers are next generation substrate technology which aims at replacing traditional PCB laminate or ceramic technologies for the sake of extreme miniaturization and performance. This intermediate TSV 3D technology is perceived as a bridging or linking platform between today¡¯s 2D and future genuine/ultimate 3D that will start beyond 2013. This paper will highlight some of the recent advancements in 3D TSV interposer design, and fabrication and Cu/SnAg microbumping as well as what is being envisioned and developed to address future technology requirements in 3D TSV packaging. The advantage and applications of TSV silicon interposer technology will be presented with several examples. The process flow of TSV interposer fabrication, microbumping, assembly and packaging challenges, and performance characteristics will be also discussed.
Decrease in vascular TxA2 receptors in a subgroup of rabbits unresponsive to a TxA2 mimetic (1994)

In rabbit pulmonary artery, endothelium-dependent contractions to arachidonic acid and methacholine are mediated by thromboxane (Tx) A2. The TxA2 mimetics U-46619 and (1S-[1 alpha,2 beta(5Z),3 alpha(1E,3R*),4 alpha])-7-[3- [3-hydroxy-4-(4'-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl]-7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)hep tan-2-yl]- 5-heptenoic acid (I-BOP), norepinephrine, and endothelin produced endothelium-independent contractions. Arachidonic acid, methacholine, U-46619, and I-BOP failed to produce contractions in a subgroup of rabbits (25%). Nonresponder arteries contracted similarly to norepinephrine and endothelin as responder arteries. The affinity (Kd) and density (Bmax) of TxA2 receptors in crude pulmonary artery membranes were assessed via equilibrium binding studies using 125I-BOP. There was no difference in Kd between the two groups (0.49 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.14 nM, responder vs. nonresponder). There was a significant decrease in Bmax (123 +/- 21 vs. 28 +/- 11 fmol/mg protein, responder vs. nonresponder; P < 0.01) of receptors in the nonresponders. Nonresponder aortas also did not contract to U-46619 and exhibited a decrease in TxA2 receptors, indicating that the difference is not specific for the pulmonary artery. Nonresponder platelets aggregated to U-46619, suggesting that the platelet receptor is not altered. TxA2-receptor expression may be regulated in vivo. Nonresponder rabbits may provide a useful model for studying these receptors in vascular disease.
Phase II Trial of Metronomic Capecitabine and Cyclophosphamide with Lapatinib and Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Have Progressed on a Previous Trastuzumab-Based Regimen (2022)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and second most common cause of cancer mortality in women. Around 25% of all breast cancers have overexpression of Human Epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), which is associated with earlier recurrence and shorter overall survival. ‘Metronomic chemotherapy’ is an emerging paradigm in cancer therapy, in which frequent low doses of chemotherapeutic agents are administered at frequent intervals. We proposed a regimen with metronomic chemotherapy with dual HER2 inhibition in HER2 positive patients with MBC. We hypothesize that this regimen will be highly active in MBC and have a favorable toxicity profile. Methods: This was a single-center, phase II, single arm, open-label study. Female patients 18 years of age and older who had histologically confirmed HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with prior trastuzumab use in the adjuvant or metastatic setting were eligible. Patients were treated on a 21-day cycle with capecitabine 1500mg PO daily, cyclophosphamide 50mg PO daily, lapatinib 1000mg PO daily and trastuzumab 6mg/kg IV once per 21-day cycle. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the progression free survival (PFS). Secondary objectives were to evaluate the overall response rate (ORR), to evaluate the clinical benefit rate (CBR; complete response, partial response, and stable disease for ≥24 weeks), to estimate the overall survival (OS) and to assess the safety and tolerability of this regimen in the study population. Results: Ten patients were accrued for the study. PFS was 13.7 (95% CI: 2.6, 16.6) months. ORR was 40% (95% CI: 15%, 70%), and CBR was 70%. Median OS was 29.6 (95% CI: 11.8, 81.9+) months. Several grade 3 toxicities were identified in 5 patients (50%): diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, infusion related reaction, abdominal pain, oral mucositis, paronychia, AST and ALT increase, neutropenia, leukopenia and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. Conclusions: The proposed regimen of metronomic capecitabine and cyclophosphamide with lapatinib and trastuzumab appears to be active in patients with HER2 positive MBC but with toxicity in line with other standard therapies. Trial Registration : ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT01873833 Date: June 10, 2013
Protocol architecture for multimedia applications over ATM networks (1995)

At the data-link layer, ATM offers a number of features, such as high-bandwidth and per-connection quality of service (QoS) guarantees, making it particularly attractive to multimedia applications. Unfortunately, many of these features are not visible to applications because of the inadequacies of existing higher-level protocol architectures. Although a considerable effort is underway to tune these protocols for ATM networks, we believe that a new ATM specific protocol stack is essential to effectively exploit all the benefits of ATM. In this paper we describe the semantics of such a protocol stack, and discuss its advantages over traditional protocol architectures from the perspective of distributed multimedia applications. The performance impact of the new protocol architecture is experimentally demonstrated on a video conferencing testbed built around IBM RS/6000s equipped with prototype hardware for video/audio processing, and connected via ATM links.
Reduced-switch SCALDO technique for high-current VRM implementation (2013)

A supercapacitor-assisted low-dropout regulator (SCALDO) technique has been developed previously to improve the end-to-end efficiency of linear regulators based on low-dropout regulators. To implement this technique in a high-current application such as a voltage regulator module (VRM), it is necessary to reduce the number of low-speed switches used in SCALDO topologies. A preliminary prototype of a modified SCALDO version has been built with commercially available low-dropout regulators to prove the concept of reduced-switch SCALDO. One limitation of this reduced-switch SCALDO prototype was the unwanted discharge of supercapacitors via body-diode of low-dropout regulators. Experimental results indicate that the reduced-switch SCALDO can be further developed for application to VRM by suitably designing a high-current low-dropout regulator. This paper presents the theoretical aspects of the reduced-switch topology, a new approach to avoid the low-dropout regulator body-diode effect on supercapacitors, and a method to optimize the control circuits. The preliminary results of a custom-designed 1.5 V, 2 A discrete low-dropout regulator and a 3.5-to-1.5 V reduced-switch SCALDO converter are presented.
Highly stable low-insertion- and high-return-loss PC optical fiber connectors (1988)

Highly stable physical-contact single-mode optical fiber connectors with low insertion-loss of 0.07 dB and high return-loss of 32.5 dB have been realized, by optimum design of ferrule end structure.
Cranial Computed Tomography Use Among Children With Minor Blunt Head Trauma (2012)

Disparities may arise from the overuse of cranial CT among patients of nonminority races/ethnicities. Further studies should focus on explaining how medically irrelevant factors, such as patient race/ethnicity, can affect physician decision making, resulting in exposure of children to unnecessary health care risks.
Stellar wind erosion of protoplanetary discs (2015)

An analytic model is developed for the erosion of protoplanetary gas discs by high-velocity magnetized stellar winds. The winds are centrifugally driven from the surface of rapidly rotating, strongly magnetized young stars. The presence of the magnetic field in the wind leads to Reynolds numbers sufficiently large to cause a strongly turbulent wind/disc boundary layer which entrains and carries away the disc gas. The model uses the conservation of mass and momentum in the turbulent boundary layer. The time-scale for significant erosion depends on the disc accretion speed, disc accretion rate, the wind mass-loss rate, and the wind velocity. The time-scale is estimated to be ∼2 × 106 yr. The analytic model assumes a steady stellar wind with mass- loss rate |${\skew3 \dot {M}}_{\rm w} \sim 10^{-10}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot }$| yr−1 and velocity vw ∼ 103 km s−1. A significant contribution to the disc erosion can come from frequent powerful coronal mass ejections (CMEs) where the average mass-loss rate in CMEs, |$\skew4\dot{M}_{\rm CME}$|⁠, and velocities, vCME, have values comparable to those for the steady wind.
[Comparison study on phosphorus removal between single-stage oxic process and anaerobic/aerobic process]. (2011)

To compare the efficiency of phosphorus removal between anaerobic/aerobic process (SBR1) and single-stage oxic process (SBR2), two SBRs were conducted using acetate as the sole carbon source which is the most extensive substrate in municipal wastewater. The results obtained from three months experiment showed that the phosphorus removal efficiency and the TP removed on a unit MLSS were 91.72%, 3.23 mg x g(-1) (SBR1)and 71.70%, 2.91 mg x g(-1) (SBR2) respectively during steady operation. The further study found that a significant increase of PHA associated with an decrease of glycogen in SBR1 while a significant synthesis of PHA increased with the accumulation of glycogen in SBR2, indicating glycogen was not essential for the synthesis of PHA in single-stage oxic process. Furthermore, obvious phosphorus release was observed in both SBRs during idle period, but the content of phosphorus released in SBR2 (13.28 mg x L(-1)) was significantly higher than that in SBR1 (2.6 mg x L(-1)). The possible reason for SBR1 and SBR2 exhibited different phosphorus removal efficiencies was that microorganisms in both SBRs had different cyclic storage and consumption process of energy storages during metabolic process.
Ponding Analysis with Green-and-Ampt Infiltration (2006)

The ponding of water over level terrain caused by storms of arbitrary temporal intensity is quantified by solving water-balance differential equations involving cumulative rainfall, infiltration, the depth of ponded water, and evaporation of ponded water. Infiltration is quantified using an extended Green-and-Ampt formulation in which the depth of ponded water influences the infiltration rate. A numerical algorithm for calculating the infiltration and ponding hydrographs is developed and applied in this work. The maximum depth of ponded water and the duration of ponding are among the variables that can be calculated with the method presented in this paper. These variables are useful in basin irrigation and in wetland wetting and restoration.
Variable capacity thermal storage system. Final report (1985)

The water-wax system, employing thermal switching works well and repeated cycling does not result in any degradation of the wax or change in its thermal properties. The system is much too large for residential domestic hot water requirements and needs to be scaled down to a 20 gallon water tank surrounded by a 4 inch wax envelop. Further comparisons of this new sized design with comparably sized water only designs are necessary. The benefits of the thermal switching as an automatic maintenance-free system are best put to use in these small residential systems. I do not feel this type of system is applicable to large solar heating systems (or other large scale energy storage requirements). For large scale storage requirements, storage media with greater latent heats of fusion might be better suited, or simply water only systems with electronic control strategies. However, this water-wax system, is a rugged, automatic, maintenance-free system which could prove ideal for domestic hot water storage requirements.