gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estradiol fatty acid esters. The isolation and identification of the lipoidal derivative of estradiol synthesized in the bovine uterus. (1982)

The bovine uterus, like other estrogen-responsive organs of man and rat, synthesizes an unusual nonpolar metabolite of estradiol (Schatz, F., and Hochberg, R. B. (1981) Endocrinology 109, 697-703). This compound, the lipoidal derivative of estradiol (LE2), was synthesized from estradiol by bovine endometrial tissue in vitro, and it was purified by extensive chromatography on two adsorption columns, a reversed phase partition celite column and three different high pressure liquid chromatography columns. LE2 was separated into nine fractions which were analyzed by direct probe mass spectroscopy and by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy after cleavage of the lipoidal moieties. In this manner, 10 fatty acid esters of estradiol, exclusively esterified at C-17 of the steroid nucleus, were identified. The unsaturated fatty acid esters of estradiol comprise more than 85% of the total LE2 and estradiol 17 beta-arachidonate is the most abundant component. The cholesterol esters and phospholipids of the bovine endometrium were also purified and it was found that the distribution of fatty acids in these lipids is far different from that of LE2.
High-performance low-power application processor integrated with modem processor (2013)

An architecture is proposed to design a single chip with an application processor (AP) and a modem processor (MP). As an aggressive challenge, the MP's dedicated memory is removed to share the main memory with the AP. In addition, an autonomous power management (APM) is presented to reduce the power consumption of time-constrained tasks such as wireless communication. The APM is designed without the intervention of the microprocessors, to deal with the random and sparse data pattern of voice communication. For the architectural exploration, an electronic system-level simulation is performed for verifying the performance and power consumption. Through the simulation results, the proposed architecture exhibits small size, good performance and energy consumption.
Intracranial pressure monitoring in children: Back to basics* (2011)

Pineda, Jose A. MD, MSc; Leonard, Jeffrey MD; Limbrick, David MD, PhD Author Information
Development of a questionnaire (EORTC module) to measure quality of life in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, the EORTC QLQ-BIL21 (2011)

This is the only disease-specific QoL questionnaire for patients with cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, and initial assessments show it to be accurate and acceptable to patients in reflecting QoL in these diseases.
Differential Involvement of the P2Y <sub>1</sub> and P2Y <sub>12</sub> Receptors in Platelet Procoagulant Activity (2003)

Overall, these results point to a differential involvement of the 2 platelet ADP receptors in the generation of thrombin and provide further evidence for the relevance of molecules targeting these receptors as antithrombotic agents.
Axial and Nonaxial Migration of Red Blood Cells in a Microtube (2021)

Human red blood cells (RBCs) are subjected to high viscous shear stress, especially during microcirculation, resulting in stable deformed shapes such as parachute or slipper shape. Those unique deformed RBC shapes, accompanied with axial or nonaxial migration, cannot be fully described according to traditional knowledge about lateral movement of deformable spherical particles. Although several experimental and numerical studies have investigated RBC behavior in microchannels with similar diameters as RBCs, the detailed mechanical characteristics of RBC lateral movement-in particular, regarding the relationship between stable deformed shapes, equilibrium radial RBC position, and membrane load-has not yet been fully described. Thus, we numerically investigated the behavior of single RBCs with radii of 4 μm in a circular microchannel with diameters of 15 μm. Flow was assumed to be almost inertialess. The problem was characterized by the capillary number, which is the ratio between fluid viscous force and membrane elastic force. The power (or energy dissipation) associated with membrane deformations was introduced to quantify the state of membrane loads. Simulations were performed with different capillary numbers, viscosity ratios of the internal to external fluids of RBCs, and initial RBC centroid positions. Our numerical results demonstrated that axial or nonaxial migration of RBC depended on the stable deformed RBC shapes, and the equilibrium radial position of the RBC centroid correlated well with energy expenditure associated with membrane deformations.
ZnO-Based Quantum Structures for Terahertz Sources (2019)

In this paper we report on the numerical study of the terahertz devices based on metal oxide semiconductors and its application in biology and medicine. We also report on the recent progress of the theoretical and experimental studies of ZnO-based THz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). We show that ZnO-based semiconductor compounds are promising materials for fabrication terahertz sources operating up to room temperature due to their unique properties such as large bandgap and conduction band offset (CBO) energy, high LO-phonon energy, and high resistant to the high breakdown electric field. Moreover, it was established that the ZnO-based terahertz sources can cover the spectral region of 5–12 THz, which is very important for THz imaging and detection of explosive materials, and which could be not covered by conventional GaAs-based terahertz devices. In terms of the reported significant progress in growth of non-polar m-plane ZnO-based heterostructures and devices with low density defects, it is open a wide perspective towards design and fabrication of non-polar m-plane ZnO-based high power terahertz sources with capabilities of operation at room temperature.
Decreased Survival of HTLV-I Carriers in Leprosy Patients From the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Historical Prospective Study (1997)

In this historical prospective study using sera stored for 22 years, we investigated the effect of HTLV-I infection on survival in a population of leprosy patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire). We also determined the distribution of HTLV-I by subpopulation, age, and gender. Stored sera taken from a population of leprosy patients and controls in 1969 were tested for HTLV-I. Follow-up survival data on these patients were obtained in 1991. The sera collected in 1969 from 520 individuals was used to determine the prevalence of HTLV-I. Included in this number were 328 patients resident in the sanatorium. Survival and other data were available for 327 of these. A multivariate survival analysis using a logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the influence of HTLV-I status, age, type of leprosy, gender, duration of hospitalization, and ethnic group on survival. The overall prevalence of HTLV-I among the 520 individuals in the prevalence study was 34%, with 37.4% in the leprosy group and 25.2% in the control group (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that females of the Mongo and Ngombe ethnic group taken together were significantly more likely to be infected than the other groups (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 2.14 to 6.30). A comparison of the death rates directly standardized for age and sex showed that the rate was significantly higher for HTLV-I positive (5.5/100 person-years of observation) compared with HTLV-I negative (3.6/100 person-years of observation). A survival analysis using the Cox model showed a risk ratio of 1.4 (CI: 1.04 to 1.89) for those infected with HTLV-I. An increase in the death rate was associated with HTLV-I infection in leprosy inpatients. The decreased survival associated with HTLV-I infection may result from an increased susceptibility to a variety of diseases.
Role of fluorine in low temperature dopant activation of boron (2002)

Summary form only given. MOS device scaling requires a decrease in lateral dimensions and in junction depths. Current projections call for junction depths in the 300 /spl Aring/ range in order to reduce short-channel effects of 0.07 /spl mu/m gate-length technologies. The key limiting factors in boron doped junctions are transient enhanced diffusion (TED) and the more recent concept of boron enhanced diffusion (BED). Typically, in the creation of shallow junctions, a high temperature spike anneal is used. The annealing process has the side effect of TED. (311) crystalline defects provide interstitials which cause enhanced dopant diffusion. The result is a short period of highly increased diffusivity that can be several thousand times higher than standard boron diffusion with no crystal damage present. Other studies show that TED is not the only limiting factor in the creation of ultra-shallow junctions. High B concentration in the absence of damage also enhances B diffusivity, termed BED, and is present during spike anneals of 1050/spl deg/C. This study investigates these factors and the role of fluorine in the formation of ultra-shallow junctions using low energy boron and BF/sub 2/ ion implantation as they relate to low temperature boron activation. Boron implantation has been performed on n-type <100> Si wafers using B (2.2 keV), BF/sub 2/ (10 keV) and B and F ions separately at equivalent energies. The wafers were annealed using spike anneals and lower temperature furnace anneals in the temperature range 600-800/spl deg/C. The resulting diffusion profiles were studied using SIMS, spreading resistance analysis and four point probe resistivity measurements.
Beam Propagation Through a Photonic Crystal in the Negative Refraction Regime (2002)

We study beam propagation through a waveguide and a photonic crystal in the negative-refraction and isotropic frequency regime. The beam self-focused inside and after the crystal preserves its good quality and only weak side beams are excited
SMC-CPHD Filter with Adaptive Survival Probability for Multiple Frequency Tracking (2022)

We propose a sequential Monte Carlo-based cardinalized probability hypothesis density (SMC-CPHD) filter with adaptive survival probability for multiple frequency tracking to enhance the tracking performance. The survival probability of the particles in the filter is adjusted using the pre-designed exponential function related to the distribution of the estimated particle points. In order to ensure whether the proposed survival probability affects the stability of the filter, the error bounds in the prediction process are analyzed. Moreover, an inverse covariance intersection-based compensation method is added to enhance cardinality tracking performance by integrating two types of cardinality information from the CPHD filter and data clustering process. To evaluate the proposed method’s performance, MATLAB-based simulations are performed. As a result, the tracking performance of the multiple frequencies has been confirmed, and the accuracy of cardinality estimates are improved compared to the existing filters.
Van Allen Probes observations linking radiation belt electrons to chorus waves during 2014 multiple storms (2015)

Abstract During 18 February to 2 March 2014, the Van Allen Probes encountered multiple geomagnetic storms and simultaneously observed intensified chorus and hiss waves. During this period, there were substantial enhancements in fluxes of energetic (53.8–108.3 keV) and relativistic (2–3.6 MeV) electrons. Chorus waves were excited at locations L = 4–6.2 after the fluxes of energetic were greatly enhanced, with a lower frequency band and wave amplitudes ∼20–100 pT. Strong hiss waves occurred primarily in the main phases or below the location L = 4 in the recovery phases. Relativistic electron fluxes decreased in the main phases due to the adiabatic (e.g., the magnetopause shadowing) or nonadiabatic (hiss‐induced scattering) processes. In the recovery phases, relativistic electron fluxes either increased in the presence of enhanced chorus or remained unchanged in the absence of strong chorus or hiss. The observed relativistic electron phase space density peaked around L ∗ = 4.5, characteristic of local acceleration. This multiple‐storm period reveals a typical picture that chorus waves are excited by the energetic electrons at first and then produce efficient acceleration of relativistic electrons. This further demonstrates that the interplay between both competing mechanisms of chorus‐driven acceleration and hiss‐driven scattering often occurs in the outer radiation belts.
Impact assessment of rainfall-vegetation on sedimentation and predicting erosion-prone region by GIS and RS (2014)

Water reservoirs are facing universal sedimentation problems worldwide. Land covers, whether natural or manmade, eventually change, and the vegetation cover and rainfall have a great effect on the sediment load. Traditional techniques for analysing this problem are time-consuming and spatially limited. Remote sensing (RS) provides a convenient way to observe land cover changes, and geographic information system (GIS) provides tools for geographic analysis. This study demonstrates a GIS-based methodology for calculating the impact of vegetation and rainfall on the sediment load using remotely sensed data. Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data were used to observe temporal changes in the vegetation-cover area of the watershed surface. The total drainage area for the reservoir was calculated from shuttle radar topographic mission data. The annual rainfall amount was used to compute the annual available rainwater for the watershed, and the impact of the annual available rainwater on the vegetation-covered area was determined. In addition, areas that were adding sedimentation to the reservoir were identified. An inverse relationship between the rainfall and vegetation cover was observed, clearly showing the triggering of erosion.
Chromatographic Separation of Derivatives of 4‐Alkoxy‐6‐methyl‐1<i>H</i>‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyridine‐1,3(2H)‐dione by TLC and HPLC (2007)

Five derivatives of 4‐alkoxy‐6‐methyl‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyridine‐1,3‐dione were separated by TLC and HPLC methods using silica gel 60 F254 plates, analytical columns: LiChrosorb® RP‐8 (250×4 mm, 5 µm) and LiChrospher® 100 RP‐18 (250×4 mm, 5 µm), respectively. From the seven remaining mobile phases, three were offered for use with two‐dimensional TLC. The values of separation parameter (α), constant of the pair separation (RF α), and ΔRF of two neighbouring spots on each chromatogram were defined. The mobile phase C (butan‐1‐ol–propan‐2‐ol–cyclohexane‐acetic acid (1.05 kg/L); 6:3:2:1, v/v/v/v) was used in the first dimension but mobile phase D (chloroform–propan‐2‐ol‐acetic acid (1.05 kg/L); 40:15:6, v/v/v) and/or E (chloroform–cyclohexane–propan‐2‐ol‐acetic acid (1.05 kg/L); 20:20:15:6, v/v/v/v) were used in the second dimension. The main validation parameters (linearity, limits of quantification (LOQ) and determination (LOD), repeatability of retention times) were evaluated for the analysis of all of the investigated derivatives in their mixture, by using RP‐HPLC with UV detection at 254 nm (LiChrospher® 100 RP‐18 column; acetonitrile–methanol–phosphate buffer, pH 7 (45:15:40), 1.5 mL/min).
Supplementary Data from CRISPR Screening of CAR T Cells and Cancer Stem Cells Reveals Critical Dependencies for Cell-Based Therapies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Figures S1-S14, Table legends, and References&lt;/p&gt;
Expression of Amyloid Beta42 and its metabolizing proteins is alteredin steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (2022)

Amyloid-Beta (Aß), a major player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), is also generated and cleared in the liver. Hepatic Aß improves sinusoidal permeability and protects against fibrogenesis. Furthermore, cirrhosis impairs Aß clearance in humans and NASH diet worsened AD in mouse models. Therefore we aimed to analyze expression of Aß and its metabolizing proteins in liver tissue from patients with steatosis or NASH. Aß-42 liver tissue levels were determined by multiplex technology and showed a significant decrease in histopathological proven NASH (n=12) compared to steatotic (n=21) or normal livers (n=23). Lower Aß-42 levels correlated with steatosis, but not with fibrosis grade. Fluidigm Taqman-PCR analysis of liver samples in patients with steatosis / NASH (n=64) revealed lower mRNA levels of genes generating or degrading Aß regarding a more severe fibrosis score. Additionally in absence of fibrosis (n=53) we found that steatosis induces Aß precursor protein (APP), Aß generating and degrading genes. The latter was confirmed in vivo by qRT-PCR analysis in liver tissues from mice fed a standard or a high fat diet (n=5 each) for 14 weeks. Furthermore, in vitro using Huh-7 cells, we investigated the impact of saturated (palmitic) and/or mono-unsaturated (oleic) fatty acids (FA) on Aß metabolizing genes. We found in FA treated cells enhanced Aß generating genes and this differential gene expression was dependent on FA concentration as well as was attenuated by addition of oleic acid. Our results demonstrate that NASH, but not (early) steatosis alters Aß levels causing fibrogenesis and cirrhosis.
Variation in Interlaminar Tension and Shear Strengths due to Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement in VARTM Manufactured, Polymer-Matrix, Laminated Composites (2014)

Laminated composite materials are commonly used in the aerospace, defense, automotive and sports industries largely due to their high in-plane specific stiffness and strength characteristics. However, their out-of-plane properties are at least two orders of magnitude lower than their in-plane counterparts. In an attempt to increase these out-of-plane properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into the interlaminar regions as a means of reinforcement. Past literature has focused mainly on the use of CNTs as in interlaminar shear reinforcement whereas the research presented in this paper examines the effects of CNT reinforcement in both interlaminar tension and interlaminar shear loading, as well as the effects these CNTs have on the in-plane material properties. All parts were fabricated using the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. VARTM methods were used to show the applicability of the CNT reinforcement to a wide variety of low-cost, out-of-autoclave applications. Two techniques were developed for dispersing the nanotubes within the interlaminar and intralaminar regions of the composites; metered spray deposition technique, to be used for parts which require a high degree of uniformity in the dispersion of the CNTs over a large area and, CNT doped epoxy infusion in which CNTs are sonicated into the epoxy prior infusion. The doped epoxy infusion method has shown a filtering of the CNTs within the fibers, leading to a gradient in the material properties. Exploiting this filtering phenomenon may allow for targeted, local CNT reinforcement in critical areas of the structure only, leading to more cost effective implementation of CNT reinforcement. The CNT reinforcement of the composites’ matrix was found to increase interlaminar tension and shear strength as much as 17% while maintaining, and in some cases enhancing, the in-plane material properties.
Optical Nonlinear Waveguiding Structures Based On Thin Films Of Glass Doped With Cds X Se 1-x (1987)

A new class of materials, three dimensional microscopic crystals of CdSxSel_x grown in the interior of a silicate glass matrix1 has been emerging with great promise for application in room temperature nonlinear signal processing, based on guided-wave or etalon devices. Semiconductor-doped lasses commercially available as color-glass filters combine relatively large nonlinearity (n2 = 10-1&apos; m2/W) and rapid response time in the picosecond region (T &lt; 10<sup>-11 </sup>s). Evidence of quantum size effects both at room temperatures2 and low temperatures3 has been also reported.
A low complexity texture-discriminating noise removal method for video encoding (2010)

A classification-based, low-complexity motion-compensated spatio-temporal noise reduction filter that preprocess a video sequence before encoding is presented in this paper. The classification of small blocks of each frame into texture, edge and homogenous are applied before filtering. And then motion-compensated temporal and spatio-temporal filtering are applied to classified small blocks accordingly to get better filtering results while trying to preserve edges and details as much as possible. The complex motion information finding process of motion compensation in filtering process is avoided by using the readily available motion information from encoding of previous frame so that computational complexity of the whole filtering can be greatly reduced. The proposed algorithm can significantly improve the visual quality of noisy video sequences by maintaining sharp edges and some details, and clearly smoothed out the noise from most parts in the processing time of about 40 frames per second. Experimental results show that it can improve coding efficiency of JM software in terms of the bit-rate reduction between encoded filtered and noisy video sequences while preserving the video quality efficiently.
Endothelium-derived prostanoids reduce 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction in the human uterine artery (1998)

The contribution of endothelium-linked mechanisms to the contraction induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was investigated in the isolated human uterine artery. 5-HT contracted the uterine artery concentration-dependently. Removal of the endothelium or treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin potentiated the contractile response to 5-HT. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G)-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA) did not influence the contraction induced by 5-HT. Indomethacin did not affect the response to 5-HT in endothelium-denuded vessels. The 5-HT1 receptor agonist 5-carboxyamidotryptamine (5-CT) did not relax precontracted arteries. Removal of the endothelium did not change the response to 5-HT in the presence of the 5-HT(1B/D) receptor antagonist GR127935 and the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor antagonist -pindolol. The 5-HT1B receptor antagonist SB224289 did not affect the contraction induced by 5-HT. The results indicate that the 5-HT-induced contraction in the human uterine artery is accompanied by the release of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). This EDRF seems to be a prostanoid, probably prostacyclin (PGI2). The endothelium-linked mechanism seems to be mediated via a 5-HT1 receptor, but it is not possible to further classify the receptor subtype by the information obtained in this study.
Association between iron supplementation and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular or sepsis-related mortality using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;*&lt;/b&gt; Adjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus and the time-dependent variables type of renal replacement therapy, C-reactive protein, albumin and hemoglobin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;** &lt;b&gt;Cardiovascular or sepsis mortality&lt;/b&gt;: myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, sudden death, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, sepsis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Association between iron supplementation and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular or sepsis-related mortality using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114144#nt111" target="_blank"&gt;*&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;