gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D ReRAM with Field Assisted Super-Linear Threshold (FAST&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;) Selector technology for super-dense, low power, low latency data storage systems (2015)

3D Resistive Ram (ReRAM) technology exhibits the best attributes to suit present and emerging non-volatile memory storage applications. However, the major challenge to make ReRAM work in a 3D crossbar array is the integration of a selector device with a ReRAM device. The selector device will need to solve the so called “sneak path” barrier and enable large density memory arrays with low power consumption. Here, we report a Field Assisted Superlinear Threshold (FAST <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> ) Selector technology that overcomes the sneak path barrier with a selectivity ratio of 10E10. The switching and recover speed, on/off ratio, switching slope, program, erase, and read endurance, and variability of the FAST <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> selector will be discussed. Prototype 1S1R devices with the FASTTM selector integrated with a low current ReRAM cell have been demonstrated and characterized. Figure 1 shows the representative I-V characteristics of a ReRAM cell with integrated FAST <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> selector.
Dual-Pump Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy Measurements in a Dual-Mode Scramjet (2014)

In this paper, the authors describe dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) measurements of mixing and combustion in a direct-connect scramjet combustor operating at equivalent flight Mach typical of the ramjet–scramjet transition, in the scram mode. Measurements were performed in the University of Virginia’s scramjet test facility in which the air is heated by electrical resistance heaters. The CARS technique is used to acquire temporally and spatially resolved measurements of temperature and species mole fraction. Measurements were at four planes: one upstream of an fuel injector and three downstream. Contour plots of mean flow and standard deviation statistics are presented for cases with and without reaction of the fuel. The vibrational temperature at the exit of the facility nozzle, and in the freestream of the scramjet combustor, is elevated compared with the rotational temperature; the air– vibrational temperature is the same as the facility stagnation temperature. There are spatial nonuniformities of temperature exiting the heater. The mixing of the fuel jet from the single ramp wall injector and the growth of the plume downstream is shown. The flame is attached at the injector and propagates from the wall adjacent to the fuel plume, around the periphery of the plume, before engulfing the whole plume. Computational fluid dynamics modeling shows that the flow can be predicted well using hybrid large-eddy simulation/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes methods with relatively simple subgrid models, provided facility effects are properly accounted for.
The Circulating Level of Klotho Is Not Dependent upon Physical Fitness and Age-Associated Methylation Increases at the Promoter Region of the Klotho Gene (2023)

(1) Background: Higher levels of physical fitness are believed to increase the physiological quality of life and impact the aging process with a wide range of adaptive mechanisms, including the regulation of the expression of the age-associated klotho (KL) gene and protein levels. (2) Methods: Here, we tested the relationship between the DNA methylation-based epigenetic biomarkers PhenoAge and GrimAge and methylation of the promoter region of the KL gene, the circulating level of KL, and the stage of physical fitness and grip force in two groups of volunteer subjects, trained (TRND) and sedentary (SED), aged between 37 and 85 years old. (3) Results: The circulating KL level is negatively associated with chronological age in the TRND group (r = -0.19; <i>p</i> = 0.0295) but not in the SED group (r = -0.065; <i>p</i> = 0.5925). The age-associated decrease in circulating KL is partly due to the increased methylation of the KL gene. In addition, higher plasma KL is significantly related to epigenetic age-deceleration in the TRND group, assessed by the biomarker of PhenoAge (r = -0.21; <i>p</i> = 0.0192). (4) Conclusions: The level of physical fitness, on the other hand, does not relate to circulating KL levels, nor to the rate of the methylation of the promoter region of the KL gene, only in males.
Further Synthetic Studies on the Conversion of Alcohols into Phenylthio Ethers (1989)

Abstract The conversion of sterically encumbered alcohols into their corresponding phenylthio ethers employing phenyl disulfide and tri-n-butylphosphine was investigated.
Continuous peritoneal lavage after experimental caecal perforation. Increase in survival prevented by lack of adhesion formation. (1984)

The effect of continuous peritoneal irrigation on adhesion formation and survival rate was investigated in rats with faecal peritonitis induced by a caecal perforation. When no treatment was thereafter given, extensive adhesion formation and covering of the perforation were found at autopsy. Continuous peritoneal lavage did not increase the survival rate, but at autopsy no adhesion formation was seen and the perforation was wide open, permitting continued soiling.
The role of zinc plus octenidine in the regulation of gene expression: an in vitro study. (2018)

Zinc was known in ancient times, and is diffused in the environment. The potential benefits offered by zinc supplementary therapy have been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials using oral or topical zinc products. The benefit of zinc can be in principle increased through association with other actives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on primary human gingival fibroblast cell of a new formulation containing zinc and octenidine cations. Human gingival fibroblast cells were obtained from three healthy patients (14-year-old man, 15-year-old woman and 20-year-old man) during extraction of teeth. The gene expression of 14 genes (ELANE, FN1, FBN, ITGA1, HAS1, ELN, DSP, ITGB1, HYAL1,TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) was investigated in HGF cell culture treated with 80μM of Octenidine, 1000μM of Zinc, 80μM Octenidine + Zinc solution and the medium alone at 30 min. PrestoBlueTM data showed that as the active concentration increases (Octenidine, Zinc and Octenidine + Zinc) the percentage of cell vitality compared to that of untreated cells decrease. In this study, no statistically significant gene expression was observed between cells, treated with difference substances, and control cells. Our results points out that zinc plus octenidine shows a positive potential in periodontal disease treatment.
Molecular diversity of the HLA‐A*19 group of alleles in North Indians: Possible oriental influence (2002)

The present study aims to determine the genetic diversity of the HLA-A19 allelic family in the North Indian and Japanese populations. The HLA-A*19 group of alleles occurred at similar frequencies in North Indians and Japanese as in Caucasians. All the known serological splits of HLA-A19 were observed among the North Indians, i.e. A*33 (15.6%), A*32 (8.6%), A*31 (3.5%), A*30 (3%), A*29 (1.2%) and A*74 (0.77%), while only A*30 (0.7%), A*31 (17.6%) and A*33 (11.7%) were observed in the Japanese. High resolution analysis indicated that the A*29, A*30, A*31 and A*32 alleles were represented by only single subtypes among the North Indians while the HLA-A*33 group comprised two alleles, A*3301 (4.3%) and A*3303 (43.7%). All 15 of the HLA-A*33 positive samples from the Tamil population of South India were found to be A*3303. One novel subtype of A*33, A*3306 was also observed in the North Indian sample. Conversely, only one subtype each of A*30, A*31 and A*33 was encountered in the Japanese population, of which A*3101 and A*3303 were the most frequent (58.5% and 39%, respectively, among the HLA-A*19 group of alleles). All other subtypes of A19 were not found in the Japanese in the present study. The study suggests a significant amount of genetic admixture in the North Indian gene pool from other racial groups, with profound oriental influence.
Transition-based speech synthesis using neural networks (2002)

Prior attempts to use neural networks to synthesize speech from a phonetic representation have used the neural network to generate a frame of input to a vocoder. As this requires the neural network to compute one output for each frame of speech from the vocoder, this can be computationally expensive. An alternative implementation is to model the speech as a series of gestures, and let the neural network generate parameters describing the transitions of the vocoder parameters during these gestures. Experiments have shown that acceptable speech quality is produced when each gesture is half of a phonetic segment and the transition model is a set of cubic polynomials describing the variation of each vocoder parameter during the gesture. This results in a significant reduction in computational cost.
An ultrasonically-driven piezoelectric neural stimulator (2004)

A peripheral nerve microstimulator is under development. It incorporates miniature piezoelectric elements to generate current when excited mechanically by externally applied ultrasound. The ultimate goal is to deliver currents locally to peripheral nerve structures deep within the body for the purpose of neural stimulation. The focus of the present study is a quantitative evaluation of the stimulatory ability of these small current generating, piezoelectric chips implanted near sciatic trunks of large American Bullfrogs.
Influence of the nanostructure of oxide-ion conducting membranes on their catalytic properties when used in a catalytic dense membrane reactor (2006)

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Polarization Independent 4×4 Switch Matrix in LiNbO3 for Communicative and Distributive Switching (1988)

Integrated optics switch matrices are expected to play an important role in optical space switching systems due to their ability to route information practically irrespective of its bandwidth and coding format (” code and frequency transparency”), in marked contrast to electronic switching networks. The integrated optics switches also offer the advantage of integration, as opposed to mechanical optical switches. Accordingly a number of integrated optics matrices have been reported 1,2,3 . However , all of these have been polarization sensitive, requiring interfacing to non-standard polarization holding fibers, and this can be considered a major factor in complicating systems applications. Ref 4 describes a polarization independent 1×16 switch in the tree structure employed below, however with strict fabrication tolerance on the switches. One reason for staying with polarization sensitive matrices has been the difficulty to combine integratability (reasonably low voltage -length product) with high yield for low crosstalk switch points. Here we report a matrix based on a switch point which combines these features by electronic tuning of its switching characteristics, relaxing fabrication tolerances 5 . The switch points are further arranged in a tree structure 6 , 7 which combines the capability for communicative as well as distributive switching with relaxed requirements on the crosstalk of each switching point. This is achieved at the expense of the number of switches: The 4×4 matrix reported in this paper (Fig 1) comprises 24 switches as opposed to the 16 switches of a crossbar structure, but the number of cascaded levels is only 4, as opposed to 7 in the crossbar case.
A switching scheme for full-envelope control of a V/STOL aircraft using LQ bumpless transfer (2003)

This paper describes the design of a switching scheme for integrated flight and propulsion control of a VSTOL aircraft throughout the hover and transition regions of its flight envelope. The approach adopted makes use of a recently introduced bumpless transfer technique and introduces a methodology for switching between multiple controllers while limiting on-line computational overheads. The success of the switching scheme in maintaining desirable flying qualities as the aircraft accelerates from hover to wingborne flight is demonstrated in non-linear simulation. Simulation results for the switched system clearly show the effectiveness of the bumpless transfer scheme in preserving closed-loop performance during switching.
Inflammaging in human photoexposed skin: Early onset of senescence and imbalanced epidermal homeostasis across the decades (2022)

ABSTRACT Inflammaging is a theory of aging which purports that low-level chronic inflammation leads to cellular dysfunction and premature aging of surrounding tissue. Skin is susceptible to inflammaging because it is the first line of defense from the environment, particularly solar radiation. To better understand the impact of aging and photoexposure on epidermal biology we performed a systems biology-based analysis of photoexposed face and arm and photoprotected buttock sites from women between the ages of 20’s to 70’s. Biopsies were analyzed by histology, transcriptomics, and proteomics and skin surface biomarkers collected from tape strips. We identified morphological changes with age of epidermal thinning, rete ridge pathlength loss, and stratum corneum thickening. The SASP biomarkers IL-8 and IL-1RA/IL1-α were consistently elevated in face across age and cis/trans -urocanic acid were elevated in arms and face with age. In older arms, the DNA damage response biomarker 53BP1 showed higher puncti numbers in basal layers and epigenetic aging was accelerated. Genes associated with differentiation and senescence show increasing expression in the 30’s whereas genes associated with hypoxia and glycolysis increase in the 50’s. Proteomics comparing 60’s vs 20’s confirmed elevated levels of differentiation and glycolytic related proteins. Representative immunostaining for proteins of differentiation, senescence, and oxygen sensing/hypoxia shows similar relationships. This systems biology-based analysis provides a body of evidence that young photoexposed skin is undergoing inflammaging. We propose the presence of chronic inflammation in young skin contributes to an imbalance of epidermal homeostasis that leads to a prematurely aged appearance during later life.
The T Cell Response to Transplantation Antigens (2010)

T lymphocytes are critical mediators of transplant rejection. T cells recognize donor antigens that are directly expressed on donor cells and also recognize donor-derived antigens that recipient cells process and present upon recipient MHC molecules. When stimulated with their cognate antigens in the context of appropriate costimulatory signals, alloreactive T cells undergo activation and differentiation into helper and effector cells of various phenotypes. Cytokine-secreting CD4 T cells provide helper signals for B cell activation to produce alloantibody and for optimal activation/expansion of effector CD8 T cells. Activated T cells and alloantibodies injure the allograft through a host of effector mechanisms. Under tolerogenic conditions, regulatory T cells expand and differentiate, limiting the differentiation and function of the effector cells. Understanding mechanisms of alloreactive T cell function has helped to explain mechanisms of currently used immunosuppressants and can guide the development of novel therapies.
Design and optimisation of bio-inspired robotic stochastic search strategy (2020)

An autonomous robot's search strategy is the set of rules that it employs while looking for targets in its environment. Biological systems (e.g., foraging animals) provide useful inspirations for designing optimal stochastic search algorithms for autonomous robots. Due to the complexity of interaction between the robot and its environment, optimisation must be performed in high-dimensional parameter space. We analyse the dependence of search efficiency on environmental parameters and robot characteristics using response surface methodology (RSM), a technique originally developed for experimental design. In this study, the efficiency of a strategy focuses on Lévy walk search strategies on two-dimensional landscapes with clumped resource distributions. We show how RSM techniques can be used to identify optimal parameter values and to describe how sensitive is the efficiency to the changes in these values.
Relationship between the type I interferon signature and the response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis patients (2010)

The type I IFN signature negatively predicts the clinical response to rituximab treatment in patients with RA. This finding supports the notion that IFN signaling plays a role in the immunopathology of RA.
Metzler Matrix Transform Determination using a Nonsmooth Optimization Technique with an Application to Interval Observers (2015)

The paper deals with the design of cooperative systems which formulates as computing a state coordinate transform such that the resulting dynamics are both stable and cooperative. The design of cooperative systems is a key problem to determine interval observers. Solutions are provided in the literature to transform any system into a cooperative system. A novel approach is proposed which reformulates into a stabilization problem. A solution is found using non-smooth optimization techniques.
Engineered Microvessels with Strong Alignment and High Lumen Density Via Cell-Induced Fibrin Gel Compaction and Interstitial Flow (2013)

The development of engineered microvessels with clinically relevant characteristics is a critical step toward the creation of engineered myocardium. Alignment is one such characteristic that must be achieved, as it both mimics native capillary beds and provides natural inlet and outlet sides for perfusion. A second characteristic that is currently deficient is cross-sectional lumen density, typically under 100 lumens/mm²; the equivalent value for human myocardium is 2000 lumens/mm². Therefore, this study examined the effects of gel compaction and interstitial flow on microvessel alignment and lumen density. Strong microvessel alignment was achieved via mechanically constrained cell-induced fibrin gel compaction following vasculogenesis, and high lumen density (650 lumens/mm²) was achieved by the subsequent application of low levels of interstitial flow. Low interstitial flow also conferred microvessel barrier function.
Structure superposition of the four different DING proteins. (2013)

&lt;p&gt;Structure alignment for X-DING-CD4 and pDING was modeled into to HPBP and PfluDING X-ray structures. The backbone of PfluDING (pdb:2Q9T), HPBP (pdb:2V3Q), p38SJ (pDING) and X-DING-CD4 is shown in green, cyan, magenta and yellow, respectively. The phosphate molecule is marked by sphere.&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanisms involved in the nociception produced by peripheral protein kinase c activation in mice (2005)

Protein kinase C (PKC) is able to phosphorylate several cellular components that serve as key regulatory components in signal transduction pathways of nociceptor excitation and sensitisation. Therefore, the present study attempted to assess some of the mechanisms involved in the overt nociception elicited by peripheral administration of the PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), in mice. The intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of PMA (16-1600 pmol/paw), but not its inactive analogue alpha-PMA, produced a long-lasting overt nociception (up to 45 min), as well as the activation of PKCalpha and PKCepsilon isoforms in treated paws. Indeed, the local administration of the PKC inhibitor GF109203X completely blocked PMA-induced nociception. The blockade of NK1, CGRP, NMDA, beta1-adrenergic, B2 or TRPV1 receptors with selective antagonists partially decreased PMA-induced nociception. Similarly, COX-1, COX-2, MEK or p38 MAP kinase inhibitors reduced the nociceptive effect produced by PMA. Notably, the nociceptive effect promoted by PMA was diminished in animals treated with an antagonist of IL-1beta receptor or with antibodies against TNFalpha, NGF or BDNF, but not against GDNF. Finally, mast cells as well as capsaicin-sensitive and sympathetic fibres, but not neutrophil influx, mediated the nociceptive effect produced by PMA. Collectively, the results of the present study have shown that PMA injection into the mouse paw results in PKC activation as well as a relatively delayed, but long-lasting, overt nociceptive behaviour in mice. Moreover, these results demonstrate that PKC activation exerts a critical role in modulating the excitability of sensory neurons.
Supplementary text_tables_figurelegends from Endothelial Activation and Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in Neurotoxicity after Adoptive Immunotherapy with CD19 CAR-T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods, figure legends, and Supplementary Table 1. Lymphodepletion regimens prior to CAR-T cell infusion; Supplementary Table 2. Neurologic adverse event terms&lt;/p&gt;
Fragment-Specific Fixation Versus Volar Locking Plates in Primarily Nonreducible or Secondarily Redisplaced Distal Radius Fractures (2016)

Purpose: To compare the patient-reported, clinical, and radiographic outcome of 2 methods of internal fixation in distal radius fractures. Methods: Fifty patients, mean age 56 years (range, 21-69 years) with primarily nonreducible or secondarily redisplaced distal radius fractures, were randomized to open reduction and internal fixation using volar locking plates (n = 25) or fragment-specific fixation (n = 25). The patients were assessed on grip strength, range of motion, patient-reported outcome (Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [QuickDASH]), pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]), health-related quality of life (Short Form 12 [SF-12]), and radiographic evaluation. Grip strength at 12 months was the primary outcome measure. Results: At 12 months, no difference was found in grip strength, which was 87% of the uninjured side in the volar plate group and 89% in the fragment-specific fixation group. No differences were found in the range of motion, and the median QuickDASH score was 5 in both groups. In the perioperative radiographs, 2° of volar angulation was achieved in the volar plate group versus 5° dorsal angulation in the fragment-specific group, but the difference disappeared thereafter. The overall complication rate was 21% in the volar locking plate group, compared with 52% in the fragment-specific group. Conclusions: In treatment of primarily nonreducible or secondarily redisplaced distal radius fractures, volar locking plates and fragment-specific fixation both achieve good and similar patient-reported outcomes, although more complications were recorded in the fragment-specific group.