gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
12.8 Tbit/s (10 ch, 1.28 Tbit/s) OTDM-WDM Transmission of 320 Gbaud PDM-DQPSK Optical Nyquist Pulses over 1500 km (2020)

We report a 12.8-Tbit/s (10-ch, 1.28-Tbit/s), 320 Gbaud PDM-DQPSK transmission over 1500 km using optical Nyquist pulses. A BER below a 20%-overhead FEC threshold (2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ) was successfully achieved for all WDM channels and OTDM tributaries.
87 Anti-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antibodies protect from lethal endotoxemia but not from gram-negative septic shock (2006)

nuclear run on, Northern btotting, Western btotting and [uciferase reporter assay, respectivety. Transcription factor binding activity was assessed by EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP). Results: TSA strongty reduced MIF mRNA and protein revers in whore brood and cet[ tines. Nuctear run on anatyses showed that TSA reduced MIF gene transcription. Yet, TSA affected neither the activity of an ectopicatty expressed MIF promoter, nor the nuclear content of Spl and CREB, two transcription factors previousty shown to be indispensabte for MIF gene expression. Surprisingty, ChIP anatyses rereared that, even though gtoba[ histone acetytation was strongty increased by TSA, TSA deacetytated the histories associated with the MIF promoter. This effect required protein synthesis and was coupted with a decreased recruitment of Spl and CREB to the bona fide MIF promoter. Conclusions: TSA down-regutates MIF expression by a motecutar mechanism invotving a [oca[ deacetyration of MIF-associated histories and a reduced transcription of the MIF gene. Considering that MIF is over-expressed in human tumors and required for tumor associated angiogenesis, our findings suggest that the anti-tumora[ effects of HDIs may be mediated by a down-regutation of MIF expression.
IFN Regulatory Factor-1 Is Required for the Up-Regulation of the CD40-NF-κB Activator 1 Axis During Airway Inflammation (2003)

Recent studies show that NF-kappa B activator 1 (Act1) functions as an important adapter molecule for CD40-mediated signaling in epithelial cells. To explore the physiological function of the CD40-Act1 axis, we studied the regulation of gene expression of CD40 and Act1 both in vivo and in cell culture models. Although CD40 and Act1 are up-regulated in mouse lung upon LPS stimulation, IL-1 plus IFN-alpha, -beta, or -gamma synergistically up-regulate both CD40 and Act1 gene expression in human epithelial A549 cells. Cycloheximide superinduces the Act1 mRNA, whereas actinomycin D completely abolishes the Act1 mRNA, indicating that the induction of Act1 mRNA is at the transcriptional level and does not require protein synthesis. Promoter sequence analyses identified putative IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1, C/EBP-beta, and AP-1 transcription factor binding sites in the Act1 promoter. Although mutation of any of the three sites abolished the promoter activity, Abs against IRF-1 and C/EBP-beta, but not AP-1, blocked the formation of the DNA-binding complex induced by IL-1 plus IFN-beta stimulation, suggesting cooperative action between IRF-1 and C/EBP-beta in mediating Act1 promoter activity. Importantly, LPS-induced gene expression of CD40 and Act1 in the mouse lung is abolished in IRF-1(-/-) mice, indicating an essential role of transcription factor IRF-1 in the coordinated regulation of these two genes during airway inflammation. The induced expression of the CD40-Act1 axis by inflammatory cytokines in epithelial cells probably plays an important role in priming these cells for their response to CD40 ligand during airway inflammation.
Signal-Flow-Graph Analysis of Weakly Nonlinear Microwave Circuits around a Large-Signal Operating Point (2022)

Signal flow graph (SFG) representation of small- signal responses of nonlinear microwave circuits around a large-signal operating point is developed using the X-parameters. It is shown that, unlike the SFGs for linear circuits, negative-frequency nodes need to be included explicitly. The development elucidates the circuit-operational meaning of the elusive T-type small-signal X-parameters, which represent interaction between positive- and negative-frequency components. As an application example, such an SFG is used to derive a closed-form expression of the output power of a power amplifier as a function of the load reflection coefficient. It is then used to plot approximate load-pull power contours. The result is consistent with and more general than the expression of the optimum load reflection coefficient derived analytically by Root et al. (EuMIC 2017). SFGs provide a systematic means to derive closed-form expressions in terms of X-parameters and to gain illuminating insights into the workings of weakly nonlinear circuits.
Chemically Tuned Intracellular Gene Delivery by Core‐Shell Nanoparticles: Effects of Proton Buffering, Acid Degradability, and Membrane Disruption (2022)

Abstract Nanoparticles consisting of a condensed nucleic acid core surrounded by protective layers which aid to overcome extracellular and intracellular hurdles to gene delivery (i. e., core‐shell nanoparticles, CSNPs) synthetically mimic viruses. The outer shells shield the core and are particularly designed to enable facilitated release of the gene payload into the cytoplasm, the major limiting step in intracellular gene delivery. The hypothetical proton sponge effect and degradability in response to a stimulus (i. e., mildly acidic pH in the endosome) are two prevailing, although contested, principles in designing effective carriers for intracellular gene delivery via endosomal escape. Utilizing the highly flexible chemical‐tuning of the polymeric shell via surface‐initiated photo‐polymerization of the various monomers at different molecular ratios, the effects of proton buffering capacity, acid‐degradability, and endosomal membrane‐lysis property on intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA by CSNPs were investigated. This study demonstrated the equivalently critical roles of proton buffering and acid‐degradability in achieving efficient intracellular gene delivery, independent of cellular uptake. Extended proton buffering resulted in further improved transfection as long as the core structure was not compromised. The results of the study present a promising synthetic strategy to the development of an efficient, chemically‐tunable gene delivery carrier.
Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in the ankle: MRI with pathologic correlation (1995)

We report a case of Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath involving the ankle, wherein spin-echo (T1- and T2-weighted), gradient-echo, and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences were performed, and the tumor was noted to be very vascular. To the best of our knowledge, the use of gradient-echo sequences and the pattern of enhancement by time-intensity curves has not been reported earlier.
Micromanipulation accuracy in pointing and tracing investigated with a contact-free measurement system (2009)

This study examines micromanipulation accuracy in pointing and in tracing a circle, using a novel contact-free measurement system. Three groups of subjects enable us to investigate the influence of age and micromanipulation expertise. The results show that, for all groups of subjects, a 10x magnification increases accuracy, but larger magnification does not improve it further. Expertise leads to reduced error, and grip force does not affect accuracy in the magnified condition.
Anti stress activity of Mikania micrantha Kunth roots in Wistar albino rats (2013)

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate adaptogenic activity of methanolic and aqueous extract of roots of Mikania micrantha Kunth in Wistar albino rats using different experimental models such as Anoxia stress tolerance, swimming endurance and immobilisation stress. Methods: The plant was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The parameters like anoxia stress tolerance and swimming endurance time were recorded. The estimation of biochemical marker levels and determination of organs weight were carried out in immobilisation stress model. These activities are tested at oral doses of extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg and Diazepam 2mg/kg was used for comparison. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids and tannins. Pretreatment with alcoholic extract showed increase in anoxia stress tolerance time and swimming endurance time. There was dose dependant significant reduction in biochemical parameters like serum glucose, cholesterol and BUN levels exhibited by alcoholic extract. The stress induced increase in liver, adrenal gland weight and decrease in weight of spleen were significantly reversed by the methanolic extract at higher dose. Conclusion: The results from the study indicated that methanolic extract of Mikania micrantha roots possessed significant antistress activity.
On the modelling and optimisation of a novel Schottky based silicon rectifier (2010)

The charge plasma (CP) diode is a novel silicon rectifier using Schottky barriers, to circumvent the requirement for doping and related problems when small device dimensions are used. We present a model for the DC current voltage characteristics and verify this using device simulations. The model revealed an exponential dependence of the current on the metal work functions. And approximate linear dependence on the device geometry. The model is used to optimise the device performance. We show a factor 30 improvement in on/off current ratio (and hence rectification) toward 10E7 by appropriate sizing of the lateral device dimensions at given specific metal work functions.
MeCP2 Levels Regulate the 3D Structure of Heterochromatic Foci in Mouse Neurons (2020)

Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a nuclear protein critical for normal brain function, and both depletion and overexpression of MeCP2 lead to severe neurodevelopmental disease, Rett syndrome (RTT) and <i>MECP2</i> multiplication disorder, respectively. However, the molecular mechanism by which abnormal MeCP2 dosage causes neuronal dysfunction remains unclear. As MeCP2 expression is nearly equivalent to that of core histones and because it binds DNA throughout the genome, one possible function of MeCP2 is to regulate the 3D structure of chromatin. Here, to examine whether and how MeCP2 levels impact chromatin structure, we used high-resolution confocal and electron microscopy and examined heterochromatic foci of neurons in mice. Using models of RTT and <i>MECP2</i> triplication syndrome, we found that the heterochromatin structure was significantly affected by the alteration in MeCP2 levels. Analysis of mice expressing either MeCP2-R270X or MeCP2-G273X, which have nonsense mutations in the upstream and downstream regions of the AT-hook 2 domain, respectively, showed that the magnitude of heterochromatin changes was tightly correlated with the phenotypic severity. Postnatal alteration in MeCP2 levels also induced significant changes in the heterochromatin structure, which underscored importance of correct MeCP2 dosage in mature neurons. Finally, functional analysis of MeCP2-overexpressing mice showed that the behavioral and transcriptomic alterations in these mice correlated significantly with the MeCP2 levels and occurred in parallel with the heterochromatin changes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the essential role of MeCP2 in regulating the 3D structure of neuronal chromatin, which may serve as a potential mechanism that drives pathogenesis of MeCP2-related disorders.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Neuronal function is critically dependent on methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a nuclear protein abundantly expressed in neurons. The importance of MeCP2 is underscored by the severe childhood neurologic disorders, Rett syndrome (RTT) and <i>MECP2</i> multiplication disorders, which are caused by depletion and overabundance of MeCP2, respectively. To clarify the molecular function of MeCP2 and to understand the pathogenesis of <i>MECP2</i>-related disorders, we performed detailed structural analyses of neuronal nuclei by using mouse models and high-resolution microscopy. We show that the level of MeCP2 critically regulates 3D structure of heterochromatic foci, and this is mediated in part by the AT-hook 2 domain of MeCP2. Our results demonstrate that one primary function of MeCP2 is to regulate chromatin structure.
Structural Basis of the Subcellular Topology Landscape of Escherichia coli (2019)

Cellular proteomes are distributed in multiple compartments: on DNA, ribosomes, on and inside membranes, or they become secreted. Structural properties that allow polypeptides to occupy subcellular niches, particularly to after crossing membranes, remain unclear. We compared intrinsic and extrinsic features in cytoplasmic and secreted polypeptides of the Escherichia coli K-12 proteome. Structural features between the cytoplasmome and secretome are sharply distinct, such that a signal peptide-agnostic machine learning tool distinguishes cytoplasmic from secreted proteins with 95.5% success. Cytoplasmic polypeptides are enriched in aliphatic, aromatic, charged and hydrophobic residues, unique folds and higher early folding propensities. Secretory polypeptides are enriched in polar/small amino acids, folds, have higher backbone dynamics, higher disorder and contact order and are more often intrinsically disordered. These non-random distributions and experimental evidence imply that evolutionary pressure selected enhanced secretome flexibility, slow folding and looser structures, placing the secretome in a distinct protein class. These adaptations protect the secretome from premature folding during its cytoplasmic transit, optimize its lipid bilayer crossing and allowed it to acquire cell envelope specific chemistries. The latter may favor promiscuous multi-ligand binding, sensing of stress and cell envelope structure changes. In conclusion, enhanced flexibility, slow folding, looser structures and unique folds differentiate the secretome from the cytoplasmome. These findings have wide implications on the structural diversity and evolution of modern proteomes and the protein folding problem.
Chemical Synthesis of Tea Polyphenols and Related Compounds (2013)

Tea polyphenol "catechin", which is a major constituent of green tea extract, has received special attention for its important bioactivities. In this article, we review the recent various syntheses of catechins by classifying the mode of of flavan ring-construction. Additionally, we also take notice of the application of the modified catechins that were created to uncover the mechanism of bioactivities and discover new activities.
Evolutionary variants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 V3 region characterized by using a heteroduplex tracking assay. (2020)

Syncytium-inducing (SI) variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are evolutionary variants that are associated with rapid CD4+ cell loss and rapid disease progression. The heteroduplex tracking assay (HTA) was used to detect evolutionary V3 variants by amplifying the V3 sequences from viral RNA derived from 50 samples of patient plasma. For this V3-specific HTA (V3-HTA), heteroduplexes were formed between the patient V3 sequences and a probe with the subtype B consensus V3 sequence. Evolution was then measured by divergence from the consensus. The presence of evolutionary variants was correlated with SI detection data on the same samples from the MT-2 cell culture assay. Evolutionary variants were correlated with the SI phenotype in 88% of the samples, and 96% of the SI samples contained evolutionary variants. In most cases the evolutionary V3 variants represented discrete clonal outgrowths of virus. Sequence analysis of the six discordant samples that did not show this correlation indicated that three non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) samples had V3 sequences that had evolved away from the consensus sequence but not toward an SI genotype. A fourth sample showed little evolution away from the consensus but was SI, which indicates that not all SI variants require basic substitutions in V3. The other two samples had SI-like genotypes and NSI phenotypes, suggesting that V3-HTA was able to detect SI emergence in these samples in the absence of their detection in vitro. V3-HTA was also used to confirm SI variant selection in MT-2 cells and to examine the possibility of variant selection during virus culture in peripheral blood cells.
The influence of display format on decision-making in a lung transplant home monitoring program-preliminary results (2004)

Transplant recipients participating in the lung transplant home monitoring program at the University of Minnesota use portable electronic spirometers to record daily pulmonary function parameters and symptom information, which is reviewed weekly by a team of clinicians for early signs of infection and/or rejection. We present the preliminary results from experiments designed to determine whether the display format of the information presented to clinicians influences decision accuracy or time for this detection task. In two experiments, clinicians were shown randomly-ordered displays of patient home monitoring data, presented in a variety of formats (line graphs, tables, hybrid graph-tables, and control charts), and media (paper or computer screen) and asked to render probability-based decisions on whether the data indicated a possible infection/rejection event. Decision time and display preferences were also recorded. Results indicated no statistically significant difference in accuracies or times between formats in either experiment, though a possible trend favoring graphical displays was observed in both measures. Readers also tended to prefer the graphical displays. We conclude that screen-based, graphical displays of pulmonary data would be well-accepted, efficacious tools in clinical practice.
Design of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser communication system (1991)

Results of a detailed design study for an advanced optical communication system based on diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser technology performed within the framework of an ESA contract are presented. Emphasis is placed on reaching a low mass/low power design with sufficient maturity to develop space-qualified systems by the middle of this decade. The systems employ coherent PSK homodyne Costas loop receiver technology on the high data rate links, while QPPM modulation and direct detection is foreseen on the 25-Mb/s link. For the intersatellite duplex link, the same communication laser line is used for both directions, thus allowing multiple connections within a given satellite network. With 15-cm aperture telescopes on both terminals, maximum transmitter power is 500 mW for the 650 Mb/s link. Overall communication terminal mass is in the 70-80 kg range, and typical power consumption is 120-160 W.
System-level characterization of bias noise effects on electrostatic RF MEMS tunable filters (2011)

This paper presents the first system-level characterization of the effects of bias noise on the performance of high-Q electrostatic RF MEMS tunable filters. By looking at the system-level performance of such a tunable filter, this paper shows that bias noise, if not well controlled, can degrade the RF performance of the tunable filter. Quantified by error vector magnitude measurement, such system level degradation due to bias noise is found to be dependent on the frequency and amplitude of the noise signals.
CLINICAL ADVANTAGES OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR GASTRIC CANCERS IN REMNANT STOMACH SURPASS CONVENTIONAL ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION (2009)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection represents a reliable treatment for gastric cancers in the remnant stomach, surpassing endoscopic mucosal resection.
Tactile Sensing From Laser-Ablated Metallized PET Films (2016)

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and implementation of a novel sensor patch developed from commercial polyethylene terephthalate films metallized with aluminum on one side. The aluminum was ablated with laser to form interdigitated electrodes to make sensor prototypes. The interdigitated electrodes were patterned on the substrate with a laser cutter. Characterization of the prototypes was done to determine their operating frequency followed by experimentation. The prototypes have been used as a tactile sensor showing promising results for using these patches in applications with contact pressures considerably lesser than normal human contact pressure.
Total Syntheses and Cytotoxicity of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-Boehmeriasin A (2011)

Both enantiomers of boehmeriasin A were synthesized in seven steps each, using a chiral pool approach. Key steps in the synthesis are a one-flask, two-step protocol to generate the quinolizine core and a C-H functionalization reaction between tetrahydroquinolizinones and an aryltrifluoroborate. The natural product (R)-boehmeriasin A demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines, whereas the unnatural (+)-(S)-isomer was significantly less potent.
Abstract 1807: Biliverdin Reductase Genetic Polymorphisms are Associated with Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease in Two Datasets (2008)

Background: Bilirubin is a known antioxidant with roles including inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Studies have shown that higher serum bilirubin levels correlate with decreased CAD risk. Biliverd...
Enhanced ordering in length-polydisperse carbon nanotube solutions at\n high concentrations as revealed by small angle X-ray scattering (2019)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are stiff, all-carbon macromolecules with diameters\nas small as one nanometer and few microns long. Solutions of CNTs in\nchlorosulfonic acid (CSA) follow the phase behavior of rigid rod polymers\ninteracting via a repulsive potential and display a liquid crystalline phase at\nsufficiently high concentration. Here, we show that small-angle X-ray\nscattering and polarized light microscopy data can be combined to characterize\nquantitatively the morphology of liquid crystalline phases formed in CNT\nsolutions at concentrations from 3 to 6.5 % by volume. We find that upon\nincreasing their concentration, CNTs self-assemble into a liquid crystalline\nphase with a pleated texture and with a large inter-particle spacing that could\nbe indicative of a transition to higher-order liquid crystalline phases. We\nexplain how thermal undulations of CNTs can enhance their electrostatic\nrepulsion and increase their effective diameter by an order of magnitude. By\ncalculating the critical concentration, where the mean amplitude of undulation\nof an unconstrained rod becomes comparable to the rod spacing, we find that\nthermal undulations start to affect steric forces at concentrations as low as\nthe isotropic cloud point in CNT solutions.\n