gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HBV Genotyping and Analysis for Unique Mutations (2004)

This chapter describes the methodology, analysis, and assessment of the significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations selected during antiviral therapy. Included in this description is the methodology for genotype classification. The major area of sequence-analysis methodology focuses on the reverse transcriptase region of the polymerase gene, in particular the catalytic domains A–E. This region coincides with the "a" determinant of the S gene in the overlapping reading frame. Other clinically significant HBV mutations, which are located in other genes and regulatory regions such as the basal core promoter and precore gene [(both of which are associated with loss or reduction in the production of hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)], may also be identified. Multiple mutations within a gene and the combination of mutations from other areas of the genome may act in a compensatory manner, altering the resistance pattern, replication phenotype, and pathogenesis profile of viral infection. Thus, the crosslinking of genomic data has potentially important implications for patient management.
[Atrial natriuretic factor in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in various stages of diabetic nephropathy]. (1988)

In this study we investigated circulating atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) concentrations in patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Type 1 diabetic patients with incipient or overt nephropathy had elevated plasma ANF concentrations when compared with nonnephropathic diabetics and normals. Patients having a hyperfiltration only, which might be a risk factor for the development of diabetic nephropathy, had also elevated ANF concentrations. No correlation could be found between ANF concentrations and blood pressure, diabetes duration, age, or parameters of metabolic control. These findings may indicate a role of ANF in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Long-term follow-up studies should be performed to assess the prognostic and diagnostic importance of plasma ANF determinations in diabetic patients.
Likelihood Maximization and Moment Matching in Low <scp>SNR</scp> Gaussian Mixture Models (2022)

Abstract We derive an asymptotic expansion for the log‐likelihood of Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) with equal covariance matrices in the low signal‐to‐noise regime. The expansion reveals an intimate connection between two types of algorithms for parameter estimation: the method of moments and likelihood optimizing algorithms such as Expectation‐Maximization (EM). We show that likelihood optimization in the low SNR regime reduces to a sequence of least squares optimization problems that match the moments of the estimate to the ground truth moments one by one. This connection is a stepping stone towards the analysis of EM and maximum likelihood estimation in a wide range of models. A motivating application for the study of low SNR mixture models is cryo‐electron microscopy data, which can be modeled as a GMM with algebraic constraints imposed on the mixture centers. We discuss the application of our expansion to algebraically constrained GMMs, among other example models of interest. © 2022 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Low speed feedback for grassmannian beamforming in MIMO-OFDM with frequency selective channel (2012)

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding is an efficient scheme that may significantly enhance the communication link. Many precoding schemes require channel knowledge at the transmitter that is obtained, in non-reciprocal channels, through feedback from the receiver to the transmitter. Focusing on the natural fusion of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and MIMO, we exploit the channel correlation in the frequency domain to reduce the required feedback data rate. The proposed feedback method tailors Huffman coding to an existing clustering method, and is employed here for the transmit beamforming. The method leads to a significant reduction in the required feedback data rate, and performs better than existing feedback techniques. The proposed method can be easily implemented in any existing or future protocol due to its low complexity.
Questions and Information Systems (2013)

This paper essentially describes the design of the Interpretext natural language text-understanding system, in terms of the generally accepted precision-recall advantages of such designs over keyword searches. Dahlgren has the opportunity here to address the interesting implications of adding querying to modern message understanding. But she shies away from this, though, essentially adding a passage about the advantages of using the same understanding mechanism to process both queries and the text to be retrieved. In slighting that discussion, the author misses the focus that connects text understanding to the book&amp;apos;s themes
Biosensing operations based on whispering-gallery-mode optical cavities in single 1.0-µm diameter hexagonal GaN microdisks grown by radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2016)

Abstract Biosensing operations based on a whispering-gallery-mode optical cavity in a single hexagonal GaN microdisk of approximately 1.0 µm diameter were demonstrated here. The sharp resonant peak in the photoluminescence spectrum obtained from the microdisk in aqueous sucrose solution redshifts with a change in sucrose concentration. The results indicate that an extremely small microdisk could be used as an optical transducer for sensing sugar, namely, as a biosensor. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between the diameter of the microdisk and the sensitivity of the biosensor.
Supplementary Table S5 from Genomic Instability and Protumoral Inflammation Are Associated with Primary Resistance to Anti–PD-1 + Antiangiogenesis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immuno-Histo-Chemistry scoring of baseline tumor biopsies according to their DCB status.&lt;/p&gt;
Semiconductor parameter extraction via current-voltage characterization and Bayesian inference methods (2018)

Defects in semiconductors, although atomistic in scale and often scarce in concentration,frequently represent the performance-limiting factor in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells. However, due to this scale and scarcity, direct experimental characterization of defectsis technically challenging, timeconsuming, and expensive. Even so, the fact that defects can limit device performance suggests that device-level characterization should be able to lend insight into their properties. In this work, we use Bayesian inference to demonstrate a way to relate experimental device measurements with defect properties (as well as other materials properties affected by the presence of defects, such as minority-carrier lifetime). We apply this method to solve the 'inverse problem' to a forward device model - namely, determining which input parameters to the model produce the measured electrical output. This approach has distinct advantages over direct characterization. First, a single set of measurements can beused to determine many parameters (the number of which, in principle, is limited only by the computingresources available), saving time and cost of facilities and equipment. Second, sincemeasurements are performed on materials and interfaces in their relevant device geometries (vs.separately prepared samples), the determined parameters are guaranteed to be physically relevant. We demonstrate application of this method to both tin monosulfide and silicon solar cellsand discuss potential for future application in a broader array of systems.
Investigation of femtosecond laser induced thermal ablation of polyethylene (2008)

We present a novel method for profiling high aspect ratio and undercut laser drilled holes using sacrificial layers. This profiling method is used to compare and contrast laser ablation of polyethylene films under exposure to ultraviolet (266 nm) and near-infrared (800 nm) radiation from an ultrafast, femtosecond laser. We find that ultraviolet femtosecond pulsed laser processing of this polymer exhibits similar characteristics to that reported for nanosecond pulsed excimer lasers; namely, that thermal ablation contributes to material removal at high fluences. In addition, the total volume of material removed via IR femtosecond laser ablation is shown to be up to 4 times that for UV femtosecond laser ablation at a similar fluence and low pulse repetition frequency.
1504 Velocity Measurements in Micro Chemical Reactor by Iterative Measurement for High Spatial and Temporal Resolutions (2009)

The velocity measurement was performed in the micro chemical reactor with AC electroosmotic pump using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Based on the reproducibility of laminar flows and the periodicity of AC electroosmotic pump, time series velocity measurement were iterated to increase spatial velocity information and to overlap the vector map at the same time of cycle the AC electroosmotic pump. This technique improves the spatial and temporal resolution at low number density of tracer particles. A visualization measurement by laser induced fluorescence was also performed using fluorescent dye. This study evaluated both the variation of flow structure and the mixing enhancement in the reactor.
Luminescence Properties of ${\rm Gd}_{3}{\rm Ga}_{5}{\rm O}_{12}$:${\rm Cr}$ Single Crystals (2014)

We evaluated optical and scintillation properties of a 0.03% Cr-doped Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> (GGG:Cr) single crystal grown by Czochralsk method for medical use. Since human body has low absorption region from approximately 700-1100 nm, near infrared scintillators would be applied to the real time dose monitor system. In the X-ray excited radioluminescence, the emissions related to <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> E → <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> transitions of Cr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> were observed at around 725 nm. The scintillation light yield of GGG: Cr 0.03% single crystal under 5.5 MeV alpha-ray excitation was determined to be 30% of BGO.
Characterization of the tyrosine phosphorylation of calpactin I (annexin II) induced by platelet-derived growth factor (1991)

Stimulation in vivo of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the presence of orthovanadate induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 39 kDa protein, identified as the phosphorylated slow-migrating form of calpactin I (annexin II) heavy chain, p36. In fact, in PDGF-stimulated cells, anti-(calpactin I) antibodies recognize a doublet of bands, p36 and p39, and the latter disappears upon treatment with phosphatase. In many regards phosphorylation of p39 differs from the rapid and transient phosphorylation of the PDGF receptor and of other substrates: (a) it has slower kinetics but is then stable for longer periods of time; (b) it occurs at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C; and (c) whereas most of the tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins are associated with membrane-enriched preparations, membrane association of p39 only occurs in the presence of Ca2+. Moreover, calpactin I leaks out of permeabilized cells at 0.1 microM free Ca2+, whereas it remains associated with the cells at concentrations of Ca2+ greater than or equal to 1 microM. PDGF does not stimulate phosphoinositide turnover (and thus Ca2+ mobilization) at 4 degrees C; thus it can be suggested that the Ca(2+)-dependent translocation of the protein to membrane/cytoskeletal structures is a necessary condition for its phosphorylation. In addition, calpactin I may not be a direct substrate for the PDGF receptor kinase, but rather the substrate of another tyrosine kinase activated by the receptor.
Current analysis of grid‐connected Inverter with VSG controller under voltage dip and recovery (2020)

Virtual synchronous generators composed of an inverter are affected by an over‐current caused by voltage dip and recovery. This letter addresses the current analysis under a symmetrical voltage dip and recovery. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
100-GHz Grid-Aligned Multi-Channel Polarization Insensitive Black-Box Wavelength Converter (2014)

A new scheme for a flexible modulation and bit rate independent, polarization-insensitive optical wavelength converter (WC) based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber is demonstrated and characterized for different modulation formats and data rates. Its robustness is demonstrated in a data transmission experiment in which the WC is incorporated at the mid-point of a transmission line based on installed fiber. In addition, an optical feedback system designed to prevent slow polarization drift of the pumps, and consequently, to ensure the long-term stability of the system is implemented and characterized. The WC is tested with the feedback system in place enabling turn-key operation.
Nanoscale Poly-Si Line Formation and Its Uniformity (2001)

A patterning technique to define nanoscale poly-Si lines is developed using sidewall structure. In this experiment, sidewall patterning technique makes it possible to realize 30nm, 50nm and 80nm poly-Si lines accurately, uniformly, and reproducibly. We have compared this technique with e-beam lithography. It is expected that the sidewall patterning technique can be applied to nanoscale MOSFET fabrication.
Ultra narrowband telecom polarization entanglement source for future long-distance quantum networks (2012)

Poster
Accumulation Dynamics as a New Tool for Catalyst Discrimination: An Example from Ammonia Decomposition (2019)

Transient kinetic experiments were used to investigate the microkinetic model of ammonia decomposition over iron, cobalt, and a bimetallic preparation of the two. Pulse response experiments of ammonia were performed using the temporal analysis of products (TAP) technique, and the Y-Procedure analytical method was used to calculate the time dependence of the transformation rates of NH3, H2, and N2. From this, a dynamic accumulation of surface species could be determined, and a region of coherent time behavior was identified for H- and N-storage on the surface. We found that the materials regulate surface species differently, with iron supporting hydrogenated species and materials with cobalt supporting dehydrogenation. These observations, together with the coherent time behavior, motivated a reduction of the kinetic model. The first reduction was based on the observation of hydrogen release behavior (both fast and slow processes in the case of cobalt-containing materials) from the surface, the second reduction was based on analysis of the H/N surface accumulation indicating negligible (quasi-steady-state species) versus dominant surface species. Simplified models are proposed such that each step can be verified by gas phase data. Together with the dynamic accumulation data, the rate coefficients of each reaction step were presented as a function of surface N species. This provides a unique window for comparing the intrinsic behaviors of materials as they regulate surface species and control chemical reactions. Through the example of ammonia decomposition, we present the observation of accumulation dynamics as a new method for comparing fundamental chemicokinetic behavior of complex catalytic surfaces.
Echogenic Bowel in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Fetuses (2002)

In Brief OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetuses with echogenic bowel and high resistance in the umbilical artery and increased risk of developing neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. METHODS We analyzed two groups: group 1, singleton IUGR fetuses with echogenic bowel or reversed diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, and group 2, neonates who were diagnosed as having neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. In group 1, the pulsatility index of the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk were determined. In group 2, a retrospective analysis was carried out from the medical records of the neonates. RESULTS Fifteen fetuses with echogenic bowel and severe IUGR were evaluated by Doppler studies, and 21 neonates with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis were reviewed. In group 1, none of the IUGR fetuses developed neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, whereas in group 2, only one neonate was defined as IUGR. The mean gestational age at delivery did not differ statistically between the two groups (28.8 ± 2.3 weeks versus 30.1 ± 3.3 weeks), whereas the mean birth weight was significantly lower in the first group (700 ± 200 g versus 1431 ± 466 g in the second group, P < .001). The mean pulsatility index ± standard deviation in the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk of the IUGR fetuses were 1.5 ± 0.14 and 1.2 ± 0.17, respectively, both being found significantly lower than those of normal, appropriate controls (1.9 ± 0.15 and 1.7 ± 0.1, respectively, P < .005). CONCLUSION Fetal echogenic bowel in IUGR fetuses is not associated with development of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. In these fetuses, vasodilatation in the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk have been demonstrated. Echogenic bowel in intrauterine growth restriction fetuses with high resistance in the umbilical artery is not associated with increased risk for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.
Photochemistry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy as probes of supramolecular structures and migration pathways of organic molecules and radicals adsorbed on zeolites (1998)

Magnetic resonance, surface area measurements and computational techniques have been integrated to elucidate the supramolecular photochemistry of two isomeric ketones adsorbed on two MFI zeolites (silicalite and ZSM-5) and to demonstrate that common factors proportional to the available external surface area operate to determine the measured parameters in each case.
Tandem Addition of Phosphite Nucleophiles Across Unsaturated Nitrogen-Containing Systems: Mechanistic Insights on Regioselectivity (2016)

The addition of phosphite nucleophiles across linear unsaturated imines is a powerful and atom-economical methodology for the synthesis of aminophosphonates. These products are of interest from both a biological and a synthetic point of view: they act as amino acid transition state analogs and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagents, respectively. In this work the reaction between dialkyl trimethylsilyl phosphites and α,β,γ,δ-diunsaturated imines was evaluated as a continuation of our previous efforts in the field. As such, the first conjugate 1,6-addition of a phosphite nucleophile across a linear unsaturated N-containing system is reported herein. Theoretical calculations were performed to rationalize the observed regioselectivites and to shed light on the proposed mechanism.
Approximate ML Decoding of Short Convolutional Codes Over Phase Noise Channels (2019)

We propose a decoding algorithm for tail-biting convolutional codes over phase noise channels. It can be seen as a reduced complexity approximation of maximum likelihood decoding. We target short blocks and extend the wrap-around Viterbi algorithm to trellises describing the random evolution of the phase impairment, for which we adopt two different models: a blockwise non-coherent and a blockwise Wiener channel model. Numerical results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is within a few tenths of dB or less from maximum likelihood decoding for the setup studied in this letter.
Cystatin C and Estimates of Renal Function: Searching for a Better Measure of Kidney Function in Diabetic Patients (2007)

All data supported the value of serum cystatin C compared with conventional estimates based on serum creatinine measurement for detecting very early reduction of renal function. Use of cystatin C to measure renal function will optimize early detection, prevention, and treatment strategies for diabetic nephropathy.
Transgenic Forsythia plants expressing sesame cytochrome P450 produce beneficial lignans (2022)

Abstract Lignans are widely distributed plant secondary metabolites that have received attention for their benefits to human health. Sesamin is a furofran lignan that is conventionally extracted from Sesamum seeds and shows anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the human liver. Sesamin is biosynthesized by the Sesamum -specific enzyme CYP81Q1, and the natural sources of sesamin are annual plants that are at risk from climate change. In contrast, Forsythia species are widely distributed perennial woody plants that highly accumulate the precursor lignan pinoresinol. To sustainably supply sesamin, we developed a transformation method for Forsythia leaf explants and generated transgenic Forsythia plants that heterologously expressed the CYP81Q1 gene. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-mass spectrometry analyses detected sesamin and its intermediate piperitol in the leaves of two independent transgenic lines of F. intermedia and F. koreana . We also detected the accumulation of sesamin and piperitol in their vegetatively propagated descendants, demonstrating the stable and efficient production of these lignans. These results indicate that CYP81Q1-transgenic Forsythia plants are promising platforms to produce diverse lignans and provide an important strategy for the cost-effective and scalable production of lignans.
Traumatic Flexor Tendon Injuries in 27 Cattle (1996)

Information for all cattle with a diagnosis of tendon injury entered into the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) was retrieved and selected medical records reviewed. The proportional morbidity rate for tendon disruption was 0.89 cattle/1,000 cattle admissions and 95 of 99 cattle survived. Female and dairy cattle had a greater risk of tendon disruption than male or beef cattle, respectively. Also, cattle 6 months to 7 years old had a greater risk than cattle younger than 6 months old. Complete medical records were examined for 27 cattle. Affected cattle were 2.5 +/- 1.8 years old and weighed 593.6 +/- 315.6 kg. Injuries were most commonly caused by accidents involving farm machinery (72%). Unilateral superficial digital flexor tendon injury occurred in 8 cattle (30%); multiple tendon injury occurred in the other 19 cattle (70%). A single limb was involved in 25 cattle, a rear limb was involved in 24 cattle, and an open wound was associated with the injury in 26 cattle. Wounds were identified most commonly at the mid (13 cattle) and proximal metatarsus (4 cattle). Treatment of tendon disruption included tenorrhaphy and casting (9 cattle), external coaptation, alone, (14 cattle), stall confinement, alone, (1 cow), and euthanasia or salvage (3 cattle). External coaptation was maintained for 74.4 +/- 34.3 days, and total confinement period was 88.3 +/- 59.5 days. Short-term complications included severe tendon laxity (one cow) and fatal septic peritonitis (one bull). Twenty-two of 24 cattle treated for tendon disruption survived. Follow-up information was available for 16 cattle; 14 cattle (87%) returned to productivity and 11 of 15 cattle with long-term follow-up (73%) were considered productive. Long-term complications included persistent lameness (56%) and persistent hyperextension of the digits (19%).