gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method of predicting the in vitro fibril formation propensity of Aβ40 mutants based on their inclusion body levels in E. coli (2019)

Overexpression of recombinant proteins in bacteria may lead to their aggregation and deposition in inclusion bodies. Since the conformational properties of proteins in inclusion bodies exhibit many of the characteristics typical of amyloid fibrils. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the rate at which proteins form amyloid fibrils may be predicted from their propensity to form inclusion bodies. To establish a method based on this concept, we first measured by SDS-PAGE and confocal microscopy the level of inclusion bodies in E. coli cells overexpressing the 40-residue amyloid-beta peptide, Aβ40, wild-type and 24 charge mutants. We then compared these results with a number of existing computational aggregation propensity predictors as well as the rates of aggregation measured in vitro for selected mutants. Our results show a strong correlation between the level of inclusion body formation and aggregation propensity, thus demonstrating the power of this approach and its value in identifying factors modulating aggregation kinetics.
GSM channel estimator using a fixed-point matrix inversion algorithm (2006)

This paper presents a fixed-point matrix inversion implementation of a linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimator for GSM receivers. The matrix inversion algorithm uses Cholesky decomposition implemented by a reconfigurable processing element. The fixed-point word length analysis is based on the bit error rate (BER) simulations using standard GSM channel models: TU, HT, and RA. The obtained results are compared to floating point matrix inversion results. Our simulations show that 16 bits fixed-point implementation of matrix inversion in LMMSE estimator gives equal BER performance compared to floating point matrix inversion. The condition number of involved matrices in LMMSE estimator varies depending on the channel model. This variation affects the word length requirements of the matrix inversion engine.
Active power summation for efficient multiband RF energy harvesting (2015)

Radio frequency scavenging power supplies targeting ambient and/or intentional sources of energy present a reliability challenge when faced with single-source fading (both geographic and small scale), and this is an impediment to their practical adoption. Recent work has described simultaneous harvesting of power from multiple spectrally separated bands as a method to mitigate single-source fading. The method used for summation of DC output power from each band rectifier is critical in determining efficiency of the multiband harvester. Existing work explores a diode network topology for summation of power, but this network doesn't always provide a benefit over a naive implementation of power summation. This paper characterizes the costs and benefits of existing power summation topologies, and introduces a new intelligent switching method for summation which generally exceeds the performance of prior methods.
Particles resampling scheme using regularized optimal transport for sequential Monte Carlo filters (2018)

Summary A resampling method is presented for improving the performance of particle filters by using adaptive numbers of the resampling particles. The proposed method replaces the resampling step of a sequential importance resampling particle filter with regularized optimal transport that makes use of the transport plan to warp a posteriori weights into desired weights. The basis of the method is the same as an ensemble transform particle filter that uses the linear transformation step in the resampling of particles. However, the linear transformation step in ensemble transform particle filter is computationally expensive and needs relaxation matching between the two samples for robust processing. Furthermore, its performance can be degraded if the number of the effective particles becomes below the required number of particles, which represents the needed particle number of importance sampling. Therefore, in this paper, a regularized optimal transport method is used to deal with computational load reduction and relaxation matching in the resampling step by using a modified Sinkhorn‐Knopp algorithm that considers the process iteration rate convergence. In order to maintain the proper number of the effective particles for states estimation, Kullback‐Leibler distance sampling method is also implemented in the resampling process. The proposed method is evaluated by theoretical analysis including simple simulations compared with the conventional resampling methods. According to the simulations, the proposed method indicates that estimation accuracy is better than conventional methods with small number of the effective particles.
Nondestructive Evaluation of In-Service Toughness Degradation for Cr-Mo-V Steam Turbine Rotor Steel (1990)

Abstract Embrittlement was investigated for five retired and three laboratory-aged steam turbine rotors by sampling Charpy V-notch test coupons and testing them. A nondestructive evaluation method of toughness degradation was discussed. The investigation has revealed that Cr-Mo-V rotor steel becomes embrittled by phosphorus segregation at the grain boundaries over a long period of use at high temperatures. The phosphorus-enhanced toughness degradation can be nondestructively detected by the electrochemical polarization (ECP) test. An approximate formula to evaluate the degraded fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of a specific Cr-Mo-V rotor was established that included the nondestructive information of the ECP minimum current density, grain size, and data given from the fabrication record. The nondestructive estimation procedure for the ductile fibrosity percentage versus the temperature curve for the specific rotor is also presented.
The effect of boron doping on the optical, morphological and structural properties of Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>3</sub>thin films prepared<i>via</i>spin coating (2023)

For the first time, boron doped Cu 3 SbS 3 thin films were produced via spin coating method. Boron doped Cu 3 SbS 3 thin films will provide new dimensions for the design of environmentally friendly, low cost and highly efficient solar cell absorber layer.
Perovskite photovoltachromic cells for building integration (2015)

Photovoltachromic devices combine photovoltaic and electrochromic behaviours to enable adjustable transparency glazing, where the photovoltaic component supplies the power to drive the coloration.
Reduction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) contributes muscle atrophy through the excess endoplasmic reticulum stress in chronic kidney disease (2020)

Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with mortality and poor prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, underlying mechanism by which CKD causes muscle atrophy has not been completely understood. The quality of lipids (lipoquality), which is defined as the functional features of diverse lipid species, has recently been recognized as the pathology of various diseases. In this study, we investigated the roles of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, in skeletal muscle on muscle atrophy in CKD model animals. In comparison to control rats, CKD rats decreased the SCD activity and its gene expression in atrophic gastrocnemius muscle. Next, oleic acid blocked the reduction of the thickness of C2C12 myotubes and the increase of the endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by SCD inhibitor. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor ameliorated CKD-induced muscle atrophy (the weakness of grip strength and the decrease of muscle fiber size of gastrocnemius muscle) in mice and the reduction of the thickness of C2C12 myotubes by SCD inhibitor. These results suggest that the repression of SCD activity causes muscle atrophy through excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress in CKD.
Fluidized bed combustion of high-sulphur maritime coal (1984)

A high-sulphur bituminous coal from Eastern Canada, Devco Prince, containing up to 6% sulphur has been successfully burnt in a program of 36 tests using a pilot-scale atmospheric fluidized bed combustor. Three different size ranges of high calcium limestone, also from Eastern Canada, were employed to study the effects of limestone size on sulphur capture. The tests were conducted at three fluidizing velocities: 1.2, 2.1 and 3 m/s, all at a bed temperature of 850°C and 20% excess air. Combustion efficiencies of up to 98% without fly ash recycle and up to 99.7% with fly ash recycle were obtained. When recycle was employed, the applicable SO2 emission guideline of 705 ng/J was achieved with a Ca/S ratio of about 2.1 when limestone sized at 6.3 mm x 0 and 6.3 x 0.84 mm was used, whereas a Ca/S ratio of about 3.3 was required when using limestone sized at 2.38 x 0.84 mm. Two tests were carried out for 24 h each to study the effect of longer operation on bed inventory, fluidization, sulphur capture and combustion performance.
Hemoglobin Synthesis in 7-Day and 14-Day-Old Erythroid Colonies from the Bone Marrow of Normal Individuals (1980)

Bone marrow cells from hematologically normal subjects were obtained by aspiration in 19 cases and by surgery in two cases; erythroid colonies were subsequently cultured from these cells in plasma clots. The hemoglobins synthesized in culture were studied either by incubation of the cells at the 6th-7th day of culture, or at the 13th-l4th day of culture with 3H-leucine, in order to determine whether the reactivation of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) in vitro was related to the stage of differentiation of the erythroid precursors. Hemoglobins synthesized in culture were specifically purified from other proteins by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-haptoglobin and were analyzed by separation of globin chain on carboxy-methyl-cellulose in urea. In 14-day-old cultures, reactivation of Hb F synthesis was observed in all cases but one (mean value 8.2%, range 2.3% to 17.7%). In the 7-day-old cultures, a lower proportion of Hb F synthesis was observed (mean value 4.2%, range 1.6% to 7.6%).These results indicate that the reactivation of Hb F synthesis is related to the stage of differentiation of the erythroid precursors.
Nuclear transplantation as a method of producing genetically identical livestock (1992)

Abstract Genetic variation is a problem faced by both researchers and producers. One method to reduce genetic variation is to clone embryos by nuclear transfer. Implementation, involves transferring nuclei from a morula stage embryo to unfertilized oocytes from which the metaphase II chromosomes have been removed. Since each of the nuclei from the original morula stage embryo are genetically identical, each of the embryos that are a result of nuclear transfer have identical nuclear genetics. The original morula stage embryo, relatively speaking, is more differentiated than a one‐cell stage embryo. Thus for the resulting nuclear transfer embryo to continue in development the transferred nuclei must be remodeled to resemble nuclei of a one‐cell stage embryo and be reprogrammed in their developmental cascade of events to behave as nuclei of a one‐cell stage embryo. The potential applications of producing genetically identical individuals range from reducing the number of animals needed for experimentation to providing a more uniform product in the freezer at the grocery store. Unfortunately, the procedures for producing cloned animals by nuclear transfer are still relatively inefficient. There is a need for more basic research to be conducted in understanding mammalian embryogenesis for the application of this and other biotechnologies.
6.5-kV Full-SiC Power Module (HV100) with SBD-embedded SiC-MOSFETs (2018)

Mitsubishi Electric has developed the first 6.5-kV Full SiC power module (all semiconductor devices are SiC devices) with the new highly insulated standardized package with 100 mm x 140 mm footprint, called HV100. We optimized the internal structure of the HV100 using an electromagnetic simulation and a circuit simulation, and verified stable electrical characteristics by experiments. The HV100 has been equipped the newly developed 6.5-kV Schottky-Barrier-Diode (SBD) embedded SiC-MOSFETs to improve the power density of the power module. Furthermore, embedding SBDs can avoid bipolar degradation by making the body diode inactive. We compared the electrical properties of the conventional Si-IGBT power module, the SiC-MOSFET power module without external SBDs and the SBD-embedded SiC-MOSFET power module. As the result, the SBD-embedded SiC-MOSFET has clear advantages in high-temperature and high-frequency applications compared with the Si-IGBT and SiC-MOSFET.
An Accurate Switching Transient Analytical Model for GaN HEMT under the Influence of Nonlinear Parameters (2022)

The Gallium Nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) has been considered as a potential power semiconductor device for high switching speed and high power density application since its commercialization. Compared with the traditional Si transistors, GaN HEMT has faster switching speed and lower on-off loss. As a result, it is more sensitive to the nonlinear parameters due to the fast switching speed. The subsequent voltage and current overshooting will affect the efficiency and safety of the GaN HEMT and power electronic systems. In this paper, an accurate switching transient analytical model for GaN HEMT is proposed, which considers the effects of parasitic inductances, nonlinear junction capacitances and nonlinear transconductance. The model characteristic of turn-ON process and turn-OFF process is illustrated in detail, and the equivalent circuits are derived for each switching transition. The accuracy of the proposed model can be verified by comparing the predicted switching waveform and switching loss with that of the experimental results based on the double pulse test (DPT) circuit. Compared with the conventional model, the proposed model is more accurate and matches better with the experimental results than the conventional model. Finally, this model can be used for analyzing the influences of gate resistance, nonlinear junction capacitances, and parasitic inductances on switching transient waveform and refining calculation switching loss.
Dissection of Automobile Interior Noise Spectrum with Emphasis on the Infrasound Region (2005)

*† ‡ This paper documents noise spectra measured in the interior of a large number of automobiles. The original goal was to measure the vehicle interior acoustic amplitudes in the infrasound region, but since the noise was measured in the audible region also, spectra have been analyzed over a frequency range of 0-20 kHz. These experiments were carried out on public roads around Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The tests were performed with various side window openings, from fully closed to fully open. Typical automobile noise spectra analyzed for ∆f of 0.078 Hz and dissected in low, mid, and high frequency regions are discussed. Contributions to the measured noise by tire rotation, engine firing, and apparent source of infrasound are identified. Past examinations of vehicle interior noise are also reviewed. Changes in vehicle interior noise of various automobiles over the last decade are then discussed. The cars tested include Ford Explorer, Dodge Ram Van, Toyota Corolla, Toyota Camry, and Honda Civic. At frequencies higher than 2 kHz, interior noise is found to be around 20 dB for ∆f of 0.078 Hz. In the mid-frequency region of 500-2000 Hz, the spectrum is made up of the harmonics of the lower frequency region superimposed over a broadband spectrum. Comparing the harmonics in this lower frequency region of different cars, old and new, it is found that over the last decade, on the average, the noise from tire has been reduced by 15 dB and that from engine firing has been reduced by 20 dB. Two infrasound humps were noticeable, one in 0-10 Hz region and another in the 10-20 Hz region of the spectrum. The first hump appears to be related to the vehicle wakes and the second hump is related to Helmholtz resonance of the vehicle interior. The amplitude of sound in this region increases by 12-15 dB at the center of the car on opening the driver's side window by as little as 2 inches. Unlike the audible range, it is found that this infrasound hump has remained unchanged during the last decade, in spite of large improvements in the audible region over the same period.
On the Choice of Multiple Flat Outputs for Fault Detection and Isolation of a Flat System (2020)

This paper presents a rigorous definition of the isolability of a fault in a flat system whose flat outputs are measured by sensors that are subject to faults. In particular, if only one sensor or actuator is faulty at a time, we show that the isolation of faults can be achieved if a pair of flat outputs satisfies some independence condition. A detailed characterization of this condition is presented. Finally, the pertinence of the isolability concept is demonstrated on the example of a three tank system.
How Potential Carbon Policies Could Affect Where and How Cotton Is Produced in the United States (2012)

Using life cycle assessment methodology, this analysis evaluates how two carbon reduction strategies affect cotton plantings regionally and methods used to produce cotton. Because cotton production emits large amounts of carbon, the design of a reduction policy as either excluding soil sequestration through cap-and-trade or including it through carbon offset is likely to affect the success of the policy. A cap-and-trade program that ignores the amount of carbon cotton would sequester in the soil during its life cycle could increase net emissions by rewarding producers whose crops emit limited carbon directly but also sequester little carbon in the ground.
Palladium-catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Diarylmethyl Carbonates with Malonate Carbanions (2007)

Abstract The nucleophilic substitution of diarylmethyl carbonates with malonate carbanions proceeded in the presence of [Pd(π-C3H5)(cod)]BF4–Cy-Xantphos, giving the desired (diarylmethyl)malonates in up to 90% yield. The yield was extremely affected by choice of the phosphine ligand.
Integrity Analysis for Greedy Search Based Fault Exclusion with a Large Number of Faults (2023)

Detection and exclusion can be achieved using Solution Separation (SS), for example, in civilian aviation applications using Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM). Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) fault modes, which are well defined with predictable probabilities of occurrence, can be efficiently and exhaustively accounted for by grouping. However, other navigation applications emerge that require multi-sensor fusion in varying operational environments. Both the total number of measurements and the number of potentially faulty measurements can increase significantly. For such applications, an exhaustive account of all modes can be challenging and can become computationally intractable. These challenges can be addressed using greedy-search-based fault exclusion. However, methods are lacking to quantify the navigation integrity performance of such approaches. In this research, we perform a theoretical analysis of the integrity of greedy-search-based fault exclusion approach. The methods to calculate the minimal detectable bias and the worst case fault direction are discussed.
Effect of Experimental Change in Children’s Sleep Duration on Television Viewing and Physical Activity (2016)

SummaryBackground
Paediatric observational studies demonstrate associations between sleep, television viewing and potential changes in daytime activity levels.

Objective(s)
To determine whether experimental changes in sleep lead to changes in children's sedentary and physical activities.

Methods
Using a within-subject counterbalanced design, 37 children 8–11 years old completed a 3-week study. Children slept their typical amount during a baseline week and were then randomized to increase or decrease mean time in bed by 1.5 h/night for 1 week; the alternate schedule was completed the final week. Children wore actigraphs on their non-dominant wrist and completed 3-d physical activity recalls each week.

Results
Children reported watching more television (p < 0.001) and demonstrated lower daytime actigraph-measured activity counts per epoch (p = 0.03) when sleep was decreased (compared with increased). However, total actigraph-measured activity counts accrued throughout the entire waking period were higher when sleep was decreased (and children were awake for longer) than when it was increased (p < 0.001).

Conclusion(s)
Short sleep during childhood may lead to increased television viewing and decreased mean activity levels. Although additional time awake may help to counteract negative effects of short sleep, increases in reported sedentary activities could contribute to weight gain over time.
Readaptation from Simulated Microgravity as a Stimulus for Improved Orthostatic Tolerance: Role of the Renal, Cardioendocrine, and Cardiovascular Systems (2005)

In summary, OT improved compared with baseline after a period of readaptation. Retention of electrolytes (sodium, potassium) could be involved. These findings indicate that recovery after SM is not simply a gradual return to baseline values but is instead a dynamic process reflecting interaction of multiple regulatory systems.
DNA Damage in the Nucleosome Core Is Refractory to Repair by Human Excision Nuclease (2000)

To investigate the effect of nucleosomes on nucleotide excision repair in humans, we prepared a mononucleosome containing a (6-4) photoproduct in the nucleosome core and examined its repair with the reconstituted human excision nuclease system and with cell extracts. Nucleosomal DNA is repaired at a rate of about 10% of that for naked DNA in both systems. These results are in agreement with in vivo data showing a considerably slower rate of repair of overall genomic DNA relative to that for transcriptionally active DNA. Furthermore, our results indicate that the first-order packing of DNA in nucleosomes is a primary determinant of slow repair of DNA in chromatin.
Controlling a Networked SIS Model via a Single Input over Undirected Graphs (2020)

This paper formulates and studies the problem of controlling a networked SIS model using a single input in which the network structure is described by a connected undirected graph. A necessary and sufficient condition on the values of curing and infection rates for the healthy state to be exponentially stable is obtained via the analysis of signed Laplacians when the control input is the curing budget of a single agent. In the case when the healthy state is stabilizable, an explicit expression for the minimum curing budget is provided. The utility of the algorithm is demonstrated using a simulation over a network of cities in the northeastern United States.