gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new multistage bandpass sigma-delta modulator (2002)

A new architecture for a multistage bandpass sigma-delta modulator which tolerates imperfections in the resonator function is proposed. The architecture involves using a FIR filter to reduce the non-cancellation of the quantization noise of the first stage resulting from circuit non-idealities. Computer simulations of two differents structures illustrate the superiority of the new architecture and confirm its ability to withstand reasonable circuit non-idealities.
Methods to Fuse Macrophages In Vitro (2008)

Macrophages are mononucleate cells that fuse in rare and specific instances to form osteoclasts in bone or giant cells in chronic inflammatory conditions. Because of the central role these cells play in bone metabolism and in inflammation, respectively, methods to study their formation in vitro are described.
Advanced Monitoring of TMAH Solution (2014)

Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) has wide applications in semiconductor industry, including photoresist development, silica etching (especially Sigma etching), and wafer cleaning, etc. One of the critical areas of the photolithography process is the development of unexposed (negative) or exposed (positive) photoresists without pattern distortion. As a metal free, basic aqueous solution, TMAH is the most common positive photoresist developer providing no metal contaminations. The bath composition, especially the concentration of TMAH, is strictly controlled within the process specifications (~2.2 to 2.4 % (w/w)), since it greatly affects the developing rate and contrast [1]. Traditional monitoring of TMAH concentration does not suffice for the modern needs of a sub-20 nm IC fabrication process. Additional critical parameters include dissolved carbonate and proprietary surfactants.
Cladding mode assisted supercontinuum generation in solid core photonic crystal fiber for biosensor application (2008)

We demonstrate cladding mode assisted supercontinuum generation in a solid core photonic crystal fiber. Although the fiber is commonly considered as endlessly single mode, we show that coupling light into the cladding excites much broader spectrum compared with the situation when only fundamental mode is excited. Comparing experimental data with the results of the modal analysis and the simulations of the pulse propagation in the fiber, we conclude that cladding mode has more favorable dispersion characteristics for the continuum generation. We discuss possible usage of the cladding mode assisted supercontinuum in biosensor applications.
A 6G RAN-Core Control Plane Convergence Framework (2023)

With the centralization of the RAN control functionality and with the pushing of Core Network functionality towards the network edge, the thus far very strong separation of concerns between RAN and core cannot be assumed any longer. Instead, almost the same network functionality for subscriber mobility and session management is placed in the same local aggregation point. This article presents a new architecture framework converging this functionality now planned for both RAN and Core Network within a single set of network functions, as well as their integration with the rest of the network components. Furthermore, the proposed new architecture is compared with the current 5G architecture and assessed against the 6G requirements, showing how it outperforms in terms of increased deployment specific customization flexibility and open interfaces.
Isolation of immunoglobulin messenger ribonucleic acid from human lymphoblastoid cell lines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of immunoglobulin messenger ribonucleic acid from human lymphoblastoid cell linesHarald V. Molgaard, Lawrence Weir, John Kenten, Frans Cramer, Carol K. Klukas, Hannah Gould, and John R. BirchCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 15, 4467–4477Publication Date (Print):July 21, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 21 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00518a035https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00518a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Data from Tumor Lysis, Adverse Events, and Dose Adjustments in 297 Venetoclax-Treated CLL Patients in Routine Clinical Practice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1 and Supplemental Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Gradient boosting for socio-economic wildfire risk assessment (2023)

Wildfires are devastating events destroying large parts of physical assets exposed to them in many regions of the world. Therefore, a high-resolution hazard model is needed to accurately assess socio-economic impacts caused by wildfires. Moreover, a probabilistic representation of the hazard covering the range and likelihood of possible wildfire events under certain conditions allows for a more comprehensive risk assessment. This is crucial for many applications, among others the prioritization of adaptation measures and the pricing of insurance.We determine burning probabilities based on MODIS hotspots and a set of predictors (weather variables, geography, land use) by using a country-specific machine learning model based on the efficient tree boosting system XGBoost. Subsequently, stochastic wildfire events are generated on the basis of these burning probabilities.Lastly, the open-source climate risk assessment platform CLIMADA is used to compute socio-economic impacts as the combination of the newly developed hazard, an exposure and a vulnerability. The used exposure LitPop spatially distributes macroeconomic indicators (e.g. produced capital) as a function of night light intensity and population density. The vulnerability is represented by an impact function that was calibrated on historic fire damage data. Combining the stochastic impacts with their respective probabilities results in a globally consistent country-specific model of wildfire risk to physical assets.
&lt;title&gt;System for on-line 3D measurement of rough natural surfaces&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

3D reconstruction of highly textured surfaces like those found in roads, as well as unvegetated (rock-like) terrain is of major interest for applications like autonomous navigation, or the 3D modeling of terrain for mapping purposes. We describe a system for automatic modeling of such scenes. It is based on two frame CCD cameras, which are tightly attached to eachother to ensure constant relative orientation. One camera is used for the acquisition of photogrammetrically measure reference points, the other records the surface images. The system is moved from the first position to the next by an operator carrying it. Automatic calibration using the images acquired by the calibration camera permits the computation of exterior orientation parameters of the surface camera. A fast matching method providing dense disparities together with a robust reconstruction algorithm renders an accurate grid of 3D points. We also describe procedures to merge stereo reconstruction results from all images taken, and report on accuracy, computational complexity, and practical experience in a road engineering application.
Reissert compound studies. LXV . Preparation of reissert compounds derived from α,β‐unsaturated acid chlorides (1992)

Abstract Reissert compounds derived from α,β‐unsaturated acid chlorides were prepared. The conjugate base obtained from these Reissert compounds exhibited the following carbanion reactions: 1) Alkylation, 2) Condensation with benzaldehyde, 3) Rearrangement to give dimeric compounds rather than simple rearranged compounds. In the case of alkylated isoquinoline Reissert compounds, the attempted rearrangement led to ring annellated amines.
Octaband Internal Antenna for 4G Mobile Handset (2011)

A compact internal antenna that is composed of a coupled loop with two branch lines is presented. The proposed antenna operates at two wide frequency bands (698 ~ 960 MHz/1710 ~ 2690 MHz) to cover octabands LTE 700/GSM 850/GSM 900/DCS 1800/PCS 1900/WCDMA 2100/LTE 2300/LTE 2500 for the 4G mobile handset. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on a support (polyester; ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =3.2) with a limited volume, i.e., 7×11×46 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The design methods and the measured results of the proposed antenna are presented in detail.
Polyarticular Arthritis and Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Acid Ceramidase Deficiency (2016)

Survival of motor neuron 1-------negative spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is heterogeneous and remains a diagnostic challenge. The clinical spectrum continues to expand and ∼33 genes have been identified to date. The present report describes a 9-year-old girl with novel clinical phenotype of a patient with polyarticular arthritis followed by symptoms of SMA due to acid ceramidase deficiency. Whole exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous pathogenic mutation in the N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 gene. Functional assay with leukocyte acid ceramidase activity showed a decreased level in the proband confirming pathogenicity of the mutations. Mutations of N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 are known to separately cause Farber disease (arthritis, subcutaneous nodules, and dysphonia) or SMA with progressive myoclonic epilepsy. The present combined phenotype is novel, bringing together SMA with progressive myoclonic epilepsy and Farber disease and establishing a phenotypic spectrum. Acid ceramidase deficiency is an important consideration in patients presenting with polyarticular arthritis and motor neuron disease.
GSK-3β promotes cell survival by modulating Bif-1-dependent autophagy and cell death (2010)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) is constantly active in cells and its activity increases after serum deprivation, indicating that GSK-3beta might play a major role in cell survival under serum starvation. In this study, we attempted to determine how GSK-3beta promotes cell survival after serum depletion. Under full culture conditions (10% FBS), GSK-3beta inhibition with chemical inhibitors or siRNAs failed to induce cell death in human prostate cancer cells. By contrast, under conditions of serum starvation, a profound necrotic cell death was observed as evidenced by cellular morphologic features and biochemical markers. Further analysis revealed that GSK-3beta-inhibition-induced cell death was in parallel with an extensive autophagic response. Interestingly, blocking the autophagic response switched GSK-3beta-inhibition-induced necrosis to apoptotic cell death. Finally, GSK-3beta inhibition resulted in a remarkable elevation of Bif-1 protein levels, and silencing Bif-1 expression abrogated GSK-3beta-inhibition-induced autophagic response and cell death. Taken together, our study suggests that GSK-3beta promotes cell survival by modulating Bif-1-dependent autophagic response and cell death.
Lymph Node Retrieval in Rectal Cancer is Dependent on Many Factors—the Role of the Tumor, the Patient, the Surgeon, the Radiotherapist, and the Pathologist (2009)

Lymph node status is the strongest prognostic factor for survival in colorectal cancer. There are several guidelines concerning the minimum numbers of lymph nodes that need to be examined to make reliable staging possible, but there is no consensus in the available literature. In this study, we determine in patients with rectal cancer factors that relate to the number of lymph nodes found and the presence of lymph node metastasis. In addition, the number of examined lymph nodes was correlated with prognosis. A total of 1227 patients were selected from a multicenter prospective randomized trial investigating the value of neoadjuvant radiotherapy. The median number of examined lymph nodes in all patients was 7.0. The number of retrieved lymph nodes in patients with node metastasis was significantly higher than in node negative patients. After neoadjuvant radiotherapy fewer lymph nodes were retrieved (6.9 vs. 8.5; P<0.0001). Variations in lymph node yield between pathology laboratories and individual pathologists were striking. The following patient and tumor characteristics are associated with a significant lower lymph node retrieval: age over 60 years, overweight, small size, and low invasion depth of the tumor, poor differentiation grade, and absence of a lymphoid reaction. Node negative patients in whom seven or less lymph nodes were examined had a lower recurrence free interval than patients in whom at least 8 lymph nodes were examined (17.0% vs. 10.7%, P=0.016). We conclude that in pathology laboratories a median of at least 8 lymph nodes need to be examined in rectal cancer specimens, but that higher numbers are desirable and achievable in most cases, even after preoperative radiotherapy.
The role of protein-protein interactions in the assembly of the presynaptic filament for T4 homologous recombination. (1993)

The presynaptic filament is an obligatory intermediate in general genetic recombination. It is composed of a strand transferase protein polymerized along single-stranded DNA. In bacteriophage T4-infected cells, the presynaptic filament is composed of at least three proteins. In addition to the strand transferase (the uvsX protein), the uvsY (an accessory factor), and gene 32 (a helix-destabilizing factor), proteins also bind to the single-stranded DNA. In this report, we probe the assembly of the T4 presynaptic filament and the organization of the proteins in the complex. We find that interactions between the uvsY protein and the C terminus of the gene 32 protein are required to load UvsY onto gene 32 protein-covered DNA. Efficient binding of the uvsY protein to DNA is shown to be necessary for subsequent loading of the uvsX protein.
The pllaswoacfloma J558b lacks constitutivdy active NF-×B and is deficient in early response gene activation (1991)

In mature B cells the nuclear factor NF-kappa B which binds within the kappa enhancer is constitutively present in the nucleus. However, the lambda light chain producing myeloma J558L has been found to lack constitutively functional NF-kappa B. Deoxycholate released functional NF-kappa B from cytoplasmic extracts and functional NF-kappa B was present in J558L following cycloheximide but not phorbol ester treatment. J558L was also unable to respond to phorbol ester stimulation with synthesis of mRNA from the early response gene TIS11. J558L differs from S107, another myeloma which was found to be deficient in the synthesis of NF-kappa B but not in the activation of TIS11. Somatic cell hybrids were used to further define the defect in J558L; hybrids were made with the myelomas S107 and S194 and the pre-B cell line 70Z/3. In general, complementation of the defect in J558L was observed; however there was not a direct correlation between the levels of TIS11 mRNA and NF-kappa B expression in the somatic cell hybrids, suggesting that the pathways of activation of these genes, while possibly sharing common elements, are not identical. The defect in J558L was surprising given that it has frequently been used for the expression of transfected light chain genes.
Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays (2012)

Plant cell walls are complex matrixes of heterogeneous glycans which play an important role in the physiology and development of plants and provide the raw materials for human societies (e.g. wood, paper, textile and biofuel industries)(1,2). However, understanding the biosynthesis and function of these components remains challenging. Cell wall glycans are chemically and conformationally diverse due to the complexity of their building blocks, the glycosyl residues. These form linkages at multiple positions and differ in ring structure, isomeric or anomeric configuration, and in addition, are substituted with an array of non-sugar residues. Glycan composition varies in different cell and/or tissue types or even sub-domains of a single cell wall(3). Furthermore, their composition is also modified during development(1), or in response to environmental cues(4). In excess of 2,000 genes have Plant cell walls are complex matrixes of heterogeneous glycans been predicted to be involved in cell wall glycan biosynthesis and modification in Arabidopsis(5). However, relatively few of the biosynthetic genes have been functionally characterized (4,5). Reverse genetics approaches are difficult because the genes are often differentially expressed, often at low levels, between cell types(6). Also, mutant studies are often hindered by gene redundancy or compensatory mechanisms to ensure appropriate cell wall function is maintained(7). Thus novel approaches are needed to rapidly characterise the diverse range of glycan structures and to facilitate functional genomics approaches to understanding cell wall biosynthesis and modification. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)(8,9) have emerged as an important tool for determining glycan structure and distribution in plants. These recognise distinct epitopes present within major classes of plant cell wall glycans, including pectins, xyloglucans, xylans, mannans, glucans and arabinogalactans. Recently their use has been extended to large-scale screening experiments to determine the relative abundance of glycans in a broad range of plant and tissue types simultaneously(9,10,11). Here we present a microarray-based glycan screening method called Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) (Figures 1 & 2)(10,11) that enables multiple samples (100 sec) to be screened using a miniaturised microarray platform with reduced reagent and sample volumes. The spot signals on the microarray can be formally quantified to give semi-quantitative data about glycan epitope occurrence. This approach is well suited to tracking glycan changes in complex biological systems(12) and providing a global overview of cell wall composition particularly when prior knowledge of this is unavailable.
Membranous nephropathy: thinking through the therapeutic options (2016)

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) remains the most common cause of the nephrotic syndrome in adults and one of the leading identifiable causes of end-stage kidney disease. Prior to considering the best approach to treatment, three important components need to be considered. First, the natural history of the typical membranous patient today; second, the importance of identifying the causative factors; and third, the integration of the current data on the known autoantibody/antigen systems involved in IMN into the diagnosis and management of the patient. Combining this with information on the known indicators associated with a poor prognosis plus new data on surrogate markers that provide important clues that the treatment plan is correct has provided us with a more secure platform for choosing the right treatment for each patient. This already provides a more rational and precise approach to the use of our current therapeutic options. Even today, we can slow disease progression and in the future new approaches and new therapies are likely to lead to prevention of progression or even reversal of the injury in IMN, thereby leading to improved quality of life of our patients.
Scalable and Deterministic Fabrication of Quantum Emitter Arrays from Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2021)

We demonstrate the fabrication of large-scale arrays of single-photon emitters (SPEs) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Bottom-up growth of hBN onto nanoscale arrays of dielectric pillars yields corresponding arrays of hBN emitters at the pillar sites. Statistical analysis shows that the pillar diameter is critical for isolating single defects, and diameters of ∼250 nm produce a near-unity yield of a single emitter at each pillar site. Our results constitute a promising route toward spatially controlled generation of hBN SPEs and provide an effective and efficient method to create large-scale SPE arrays. The results pave the way to scalability and high throughput fabrication of SPEs for advanced quantum photonic applications.
Atomic species identification at the (101) anatase surface by simultaneous scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopy (2015)

Anatase is a pivotal material in devices for energy-harvesting applications and catalysis. Methods for the accurate characterization of this reducible oxide at the atomic scale are critical in the exploration of outstanding properties for technological developments. Here we combine atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), supported by first-principles calculations, for the simultaneous imaging and unambiguous identification of atomic species at the (101) anatase surface. We demonstrate that dynamic AFM-STM operation allows atomic resolution imaging within the material's band gap. Based on key distinguishing features extracted from calculations and experiments, we identify candidates for the most common surface defects. Our results pave the way for the understanding of surface processes, like adsorption of metal dopants and photoactive molecules, that are fundamental for the catalytic and photovoltaic applications of anatase, and demonstrate the potential of dynamic AFM-STM for the characterization of wide band gap materials.
BMP feed-forward loop promotes terminal differentiation in gastric glands and is interrupted by H. pylori-driven inflammation (2022)

Helicobacter pylori causes gastric inflammation, gland hyperplasia and is linked to gastric cancer. Here, we studied the interplay between gastric epithelial stem cells and their stromal niche under homeostasis and upon H. pylori infection. We find that gastric epithelial stem cell differentiation is orchestrated by subsets of stromal cells that either produce BMP inhibitors in the gland base, or BMP ligands at the surface. Exposure to BMP ligands promotes a feed-forward loop by inducing Bmp2 expression in the epithelial cells themselves, enforcing rapid lineage commitment to terminally differentiated mucous pit cells. H. pylori leads to a loss of stromal and epithelial Bmp2 expression and increases expression of BMP inhibitors, promoting self-renewal of stem cells and accumulation of gland base cells, which we mechanistically link to IFN-γ signaling. Mice that lack IFN-γ signaling show no alterations of BMP gradient upon infection, while exposure to IFN-γ resembles H. pylori-driven mucosal responses.