gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation-balanced tandem semiconductor/Yb<sup>3+</sup>:YLF lasers: feasibility study (2020)

A theoretical model of a tandem radiation-balanced laser is developed and applied to explore the feasibility of radiation-balanced operation. The external cavity tandem laser is composed of an optically pumped multiple quantum well InGaAs gain section that is monolithically integrated with a Yb:YLF cooling section. It is shown that performance depends critically on a number of parameters, the choice of the effective bandgap in the semiconductor being the most important one. It is established that radiation-balanced operation with efficiencies exceeding 10% can be attained provided that the active region contains a large number of quantum wells ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> ) and that an efficient multipass pump cavity can be implemented.
Weak Interactions in the Crystal Structures of Tetraacetylenes Derived from Pentaerythrityl Tetraphenyl Ether (2006)

Tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane (7) is known to crystallize as an interpenetrated diamondoid network held together in part by weak C⋮CH···C⋮C interactions that define characteristic cyclic quartets of ethynyl groups. To test the ability of this motif to direct the crystallization of more flexible molecules, we synthesized a series of tetraacetylenes derived from pentaerythrityl tetraphenyl ether, and we solved their structures by X-ray diffraction. Pentaerythrityl tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl) ether (4) and the more rigid analogue 7 crystallize isostructurally, even though their cores are significantly different in size and flexibility. This observation shows that C⋮CH···C⋮C interactions may have value in engineering molecular crystals. However, widely different structures are obtained by crystallizing pentaerythrityl tetrakis(3-ethynylphenyl) ether (5) and pentaerythrityl tetrakis(4‘-ethynyl-1,1‘-biphenyl-4-yl) ether (6), despite their close similarity to tetraacetylene 4. The unpredictably varied behavior of tetraacetylenes 4−7 highlights the difficulty of engineering crystals built from molecules that are flexible and unable to form dominant directional interactions.
Non-invasive Electrochemical Detection of Glucose using CuO-NiO/MXene Modified Electrode (2020)

High levels of glucose or acetone in breath confirms diabetes disease. One of the analytical devices that detect changes in breath is the electrochemical sensor having high selectivity, easy to use and being able to meet diabetic patient’s needs. In this study, sensors were made by fabricating metal oxide coated glassy carbon electrodes and using nafion as a proton conductor. Characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR and morphological analysis have been performed for metal oxides to characterize their atomic arrangement and composition. In addition, electrochemical studies were done using Gamry instrument and curves plotted as current in amperes versus voltage to test the coated electrodes conductivity. High selectivity sensors provide promising applications in any field.
Electron Transfer Function versus Oxygen Delivery: A Comparative Study for Several Hexacoordinated Globins Across the Animal Kingdom (2011)

Caenorhabditis elegans globin GLB-26 (expressed from gene T22C1.2) has been studied in comparison with human neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb) for its electron transfer properties. GLB-26 exhibits no reversible binding for O(2) and a relatively low CO affinity compared to myoglobin-like globins. These differences arise from its mechanism of gaseous ligand binding since the heme iron of GLB-26 is strongly hexacoordinated in the absence of external ligands; the replacement of this internal ligand, probably the E7 distal histidine, is required before binding of CO or O(2) as for Ngb and Cygb. Interestingly the ferrous bis-histidyl GLB-26 and Ngb, another strongly hexacoordinated globin, can transfer an electron to cytochrome c (Cyt-c) at a high bimolecular rate, comparable to those of inter-protein electron transfer in mitochondria. In addition, GLB-26 displays an unexpectedly rapid oxidation of the ferrous His-Fe-His complex without O(2) actually binding to the iron atom, since the heme is oxidized by O(2) faster than the time for distal histidine dissociation. These efficient mechanisms for electron transfer could indicate a family of hexacoordinated globin which are functionally different from that of pentacoordinated globins.
Visualizing <i>ex vivo</i> radiofrequency and microwave ablation zones using electrode vibration elastography (2012)

Statistically significant radiological-pathological correlation was observed in this study, but correlation coefficients were lower than other modulus imaging techniques, most notably in microwave ablations. Observers provided similar delineations for most thermal ablations. These results suggest that electrode vibration elastography is capable of imaging thermal ablations, but refinement of the technique may be necessary before it can be used to monitor thermal ablation procedures clinically.
Effects of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor thiorphan on cardiovascular and renal function in cirrhotic rats (2003)

1. Cirrhosis is associated with cardiovascular and renal dysfunction including sodium retention. Many vasoactive peptides such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are degraded by neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP). We investigated the hemodynamic and renal effects of thiorphan, a NEP inhibitor, in a rat cirrhosis model. 2. Cirrhosis was induced by chronic bile duct ligation, and controls had sham operation. Systemic and renal hemodynamics in conscious, restrained animals were determined using radiolabeled microspheres, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by (3)H-inulin clearance. Plasma ANP and ET-1, and renal cGMP and Na(+) - K(+) ATPase activity were assayed. These variables were measured at baseline and after intravenous infusion of thiorphan (0.5 mg kg(-1) loading dose followed by 0.1 mg kg(-1) min(-1) x 30 min). 3. Thiorphan significantly decreased cardiac output, and increased systemic vascular resistance in controls, whereas in cirrhotic rats these variables were unchanged. 4. Compared to the controls, cirrhotic rats showed a decreased baseline GFR and urine sodium excretion, and the latter was significantly increased by thiorphan. 5. Thiorphan increased plasma ET-1 levels in controls, but not cirrhotic rats. ANP levels were not significantly increased in either group by thiorphan. 6. Thiorphan significantly increased cGMP concentrations and decreased Na(+) - K(+) ATPase activity of renal medulla but not cortex in cirrhotic rats; no effect was observed in the control rats. 7. We conclude that thiorphan induces natriuresis in cirrhotic rats by a direct renal medullary mechanism via cGMP and Na(+) - K(+) ATPase, without affecting systemic hemodynamics. This may potentially be useful in patients with ascites.
High-velocity Impact Location on Aircraft Panels Using Macro-fiber Composite Piezoelectric Rosettes (2010)

In this article, an approach based on an array of macro-fiber composite (MFC) transducers arranged as rosettes is proposed for high-velocity impact location on isotropic and composite aircraft panels. Each rosette, using the directivity behavior of three MFC sensors, provides the direction of an incoming wave generated by the impact source as a principal strain angle. A minimum of two rosettes is sufficient to determine the impact location by intersecting the wave directions. The piezoelectric rosette approach is easier to implement than the well-known time-of-flight-based triangulation of acoustic emissions because it does not require knowledge of the wave speed in the material. Hence, the technique does not have the drawbacks of time-of-flight triangulation associated to anisotropic materials or tapered sections. The experiments reported herein show the applicability of the technique to high-velocity impacts created with a gas-gun firing spherical ice projectiles.
Transplantation of blastula nuclei to non‐enucleated eggs in the medaka, <i>Oryzias latipes</i> (1999)

Studies of nuclear transplantation were conducted to establish methods for the production of clones of fish, using a small laboratory fish, medaka, Oryzias latipes. As the first step of the study, single-blastula nuclei of an inbred strain with the wild-type body color were transplanted into non-enucleated unfertilized eggs of an outbred orange red strain. Of 845 operated eggs, 45 hatched into fry exhibiting the wild-type body color, one of the donor markers. Twenty-seven of these nuclear transplants grew to the adult stage and clearly exhibited external secondary sexual characteristics. Fourteen were females and 13 were males. The allozyme analysis of phosphoglucomutase, measurements of relative DNA content by microfluorometry and chromosome counts consistently indicated that the nuclear transplants were triploids that originated from both the diploid donor nuclei and the haploid recipient pronuclei. In the crossing experiments between the nuclear transplants and the orange-red strain, most of the male nuclear transplants were sterile, whereas one male produced a viable offspring with wild-type body color. All of the female nuclear transplants were sterile. Macroscopic observations of their gonads showed that the testes appeared normal and the ovaries appeared degenerated. These features of the reproductive potential and the morphology of gonads also indicated that the nuclear transplants were triploids. These results demonstrated that a basic technique for nuclear transplantation in medaka was established.
The multicomponent approach to <i>N</i>-methyl peptides: total synthesis of antibacterial (–)-viridic acid and analogues (2012)

Two syntheses of natural viridic acid, an unusual triply N-methylated peptide with two anthranilate units, are presented. The first one is based on peptide-coupling strategies and affords the optically active natural product in 20% overall yield over six steps. A more economical approach with only four steps leads to the similarly active racemate by utilizing a Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) as the key transformation. A small library of viridic acid analogues is readily available to provide first SAR insight. The biological activities of the natural product and its derivatives against the Gram-negative bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri were evaluated.
Identification and functional analysis of NOL7 nuclear and nucleolar localization signals (2010)

These results identify the minimal sequences required for the active targeting of NOL7 to the nucleus and nucleolus. Further, this work characterizes the relative contribution of each sequence to NOL7 nuclear and nucleolar dynamics, the subnuclear constituents that participate in this targeting, and suggests a functional role for NOL7 in both compartments. Taken together, these results identify the requisite protein domains for NOL7 localization, the kinetics that drive this targeting, and suggest NOL7 may function in both the nucleus and nucleolus.
Pairwise ranking aggregation in a crowdsourced setting (2013)

Inferring rankings over elements of a set of objects, such as documents or images, is a key learning problem for such important applications as Web search and recommender systems. Crowdsourcing services provide an inexpensive and efficient means to acquire preferences over objects via labeling by sets of annotators. We propose a new model to predict a gold-standard ranking that hinges on combining pairwise comparisons via crowdsourcing. In contrast to traditional ranking aggregation methods, the approach learns about and folds into consideration the quality of contributions of each annotator. In addition, we minimize the cost of assessment by introducing a generalization of the traditional active learning scenario to jointly select the annotator and pair to assess while taking into account the annotator quality, the uncertainty over ordering of the pair, and the current model uncertainty. We formalize this as an active learning strategy that incorporates an exploration-exploitation tradeoff and implement it using an efficient online Bayesian updating scheme. Using simulated and real-world data, we demonstrate that the active learning strategy achieves significant reductions in labeling cost while maintaining accuracy.
Stochastic Motion—Motion Under the Influence of Wind (1992)

Abstract Stochastic approaches are very effective for modelling natural phenomena. This paper presents a motion model based on a stochastic process as well as physics, and proposes motion synthesis techniques for stochastic motion—motion under the influence of wind. The motion synthesis process is modelled by a cascade system of three components: wind model, dynamic model, and deformation model. Wind models produce spatio‐temporal wind velocity fields using the power spectrum and auto‐correlation of wind, just like fractal geometry. Dynamic models describe the dynamic response of the systems, using equation systems or response functions. Deformation models produce deformed shapes of objects according to the geometric models of the objects and the results of the dynamic systems. The biggest advantage of the model is its generality and consistency. The model is applicable to most of the existing trees and grass models, including structural models, particle systems, impressionist models, and 3D texture. It is demonstrated that the coupling of stochastic approaches and physically‐based approaches can synthesize realistic motion of trees, grass and snow with modest computational cost.
Estimation of Achilles Tendon Moment Arms In Vivo: A Novel Hybrid Method Using Ultrasound and Motion Analysis (2008)

The musculotendon moment arm (MA) is the perpendicular distance from a muscle’s line of action to the rotational center of a joint. Moment arms are important in muscle modeling [1], and thus their accuracy is of great importance. Current in vivo techniques for computing MAs include the center of rotation and tendon excursion methods [1, 2]. The tendon excursion (TE) method relates the change in musculotendon length to an angular change in joint position [3]. This requires two measurements of musculotendon length for each MA computed. Similarly, the center of rotation method requires multiple image-based geometry measurements to compute the MA for a specific joint angle. The TE and center of rotation methods are both prone to measurement error, and thus it is difficult to ascertain the accuracy of the resulting MA. In this paper we present a novel hybrid methodology combining ultrasound (US) and video-based motion capture to compute the Achilles tendon moment arm. An advantage of this approach is that data used to derive the MA are acquired using highly accurate and reliable measurement instruments (i.e, US &amp; motion capture), which may improve the accuracy of the MA estimate. The purpose of this paper is to present the hybrid methodology and validation results based on testing the method using an animal model.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE‐TRANSFER MEDIATED HETEROAROMATIC NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION: INTRODUCTION OF A β‐ADRENERGIC BLOCKING MOIETY (1980)

Abstract 2‐Chlornicotinsäurenitril (I) wird.
Suppression of ventricular premature contractions possibly related to triggered activity by oral diltiazem and atenolol. (1987)

The clinical importance of triggered activity as a cause of arrhythmias is uncertain. We assumed that ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) caused by triggered activity could be increased at higher heart rates and be suppressed by calcium channel blockers and beta-adrenoceptor blocker. Thus, we evaluated VPC frequency as a function of underlying heart rate and examined the efficacy of diltiazem and atenolol on VPCs, using 24 hour ECG recording. Plots of VPC frequency vs. heart rate were made at 1-beat/min intervals for all heart rates recorded for at least 5 min during 24 hours. Diltiazem (90-180 mg/day) and atenolol (50 mg/day) were given orally for 4 weeks, respectively in 36 and 16 patients with VPCs of more than 2000/day. Patterns of relationship between VPC frequency and heart rate observed before diltiazem therapy included: an increase of VPCs at higher heart rates (positive correlation) in 16 patients, an increase at low heart rates and a decrease at high heart rates (bidirectional correlation) in 13 patients, an increase at low heart rates and flat curve at high heart rates (positive-flat correlation) in 5 patients, a linear decrease (negative correlation) in 1 patient, and flat curve (flat correlation) in 1 patient. The patterns of correlation in patients treated with atenolol were positive in 6, bidirectional in 7, positive-flat in 2 and negative in 1. Both drugs significantly reduced the VPC frequency per 24 hours for patients with a positive correlation (P group), but induced no significant change for those with the other patterns of correlation (NP group). At the 70% VPC suppression level, diltiazem was effective in 9 of 16 patients of P group and only 1 of 20 patients of NP group (p less than 0.01); atenolol was effective in 5 of 6 patients of P group and only 1 of 10 patients of NP group (p less than 0.05). Both drugs reduced the slope of a positive correlation. These results suggest that: VPCs which increase at higher heart rates may be related to triggered activity, and an evaluation of VPC frequency as a function of heart rate predicts the response of VPCs to diltiazem and atenolol, and probably to other calcium antagonists and beta blockers.
Gene arrangement and organization in a   76 kb fragment encompassing the oriC region of the chromosome of Mycobacterium leprae (1996)

A continuous 75627 bp segment of the Mycobacterium leprae chromosome spanning the oriC region was sequenced. The gene order at this locus was similar to that found in the replication origin region of many other prokaryotes, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptomyces coelicolor. As in the case of several Gram-positive bacteria, essential genes involved in basic cellular functions, such as DNA or RNA metabolism (dnaA, dnaB, dnaN, gyrB, gyrA, pcnB, recF, rnpA, ssb), cell wall synthesis (ponA, pbpA) and probably cell division (gidB, rodA) were found. Strikingly, the gidA gene was absent from this part of the genome and there was no rRNA operon near oriC. The gyrA gene harbours an intein coding sequence indicating that protein splicing is required to produce the mature A subunit of DNA gyrase. Among the many other noteworthy features were ORFs encoding putative serine/threonine protein kinases and a protein phosphatase, three tRNA genes, one M. leprae-specific repetitive element and a glnQ pseudogene.
Supplemental Figure S1 from Loss of &lt;i&gt;ARID1A&lt;/i&gt; Activates &lt;i&gt;ANXA1&lt;/i&gt;, which Serves as a Predictive Biomarker for Trastuzumab Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S1: ARID1A loss activates PI3K/AKT and has no effect on MAPK/ERK signaling in BT474 cells&lt;/p&gt;
Self-Organized Amphiphiles Are Poor Hydroxyl Radical Scavengers in Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins Experiments (2021)

Analysis of membrane protein topography using fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) has been reported in recent years but is still underrepresented in literature. Based on the hydroxyl radical reactivity of lipids and other amphiphiles, it is believed that the membrane environment acts as a hydroxyl radical scavenger decreasing effective hydroxyl radical doses and resulting in less observed oxidation of proteins. We found no significant change in bulk solvent radical scavenging activity upon the addition of disrupted cellular membranes up to 25600 cells/μL using an inline radical dosimeter. We confirmed the nonscavenging nature of the membrane in bulk solution with the FPOP results of a soluble model protein in the presence of cell membranes, which showed no significant difference in oxidation with or without membranes. The use of detergents revealed that, while soluble detergent below the critical micelle concentration is a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger, additional detergent has little to no hydroxyl radical scavenging effect once the critical micelle concentration is reached. Examination of both an extracellular peptide of the integral membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin as well as a novel hydroxyl radical dosimeter tethered to a Triton X-series amphiphile indicate that proximity to the membrane surface greatly decreases reaction with hydroxyl radicals, even though the oxidation target is equally solvent accessible. These results suggest that the observed reduced oxidation of solvent-accessible surfaces of integral membrane proteins is due to the high local concentration of radical scavengers in the membrane or membrane mimetics competing for the local concentration of hydroxyl radicals.
Standards for Near-Infrared Analysis (2021)

Since near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used in gas, liquid, and solid samples, reference standards need to come in all three forms. In addition, the nature of NIRS is that it is mainly used for complex samples (food, textiles, medicines, detergent mixes). As a consequence, it is used in both transmission and reflection modes. The majority of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) are based on diffuse reflection and “normal” and diffuse transmission. An aspect of standards that are used in regulatory environment is that an expiration date has to be established for all standards (Standard Reference Materials or SRMs). Some standards may be very stable and durable, while others may break down chemically or from ambient UV radiation, may get contaminated or scratched during repeated use. This is why standards need to be recertified from time to time, preferably at intervals scientifically established by the end user or by intervals recommended by the manufacturer.
Pediatric Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease: Challenges in Identifying Clinically Relevant Biomarkers (2016)

Numerous challenges made it difficult to apply the DILI criteria to children with IFALD. Direct bilirubin, fractionated ALP, and perhaps GGT may be more suitable. Given its complex etiology and the age-based differences due to hepatic immaturity and growth, a more suitable composite marker needs to be developed to assess IFALD in this population.
Engineering materials for mid-infrared optical sensor applications (2013)

Planar optical structures based on functionalized chalcogenide glasses provide a superb device platform for chemical and biological sensing applications. Chalcogenide glasses have demonstrated promise as materials for infrared sensing as they exhibit transparency over a large range of infrared wavelengths and tunable optical properties through doping and/or compositional tailoring. Waveguides, resonators and other components processed on-chip (silicon, Si) can be realized such that the strong enhancement in the electromagnetic field confined within a high index contrast resonator, leads to highly sensitive photon-matter interactions in a small footprint. In this paper we discuss the development of highly sensitive chalcogenide glass based microdisk resonator sensors that measure resonant peak shifts caused by refractive index change upon exposure to a chemical analyte. The specificity of the microdisk resonator sensors is enhanced by applying specialized polymer films and nanofoams that respond in a predictable fashion when exposed to a chemical analyte of interest. Discussed are key material science challenges needed to enable highly sensitive and specific sensors based on such complex multi-material assemblies and the fabrication issues that ultimately define resulting optical performance.