gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variational problems in machine learning and their solution with finite elements (2007)

Many machine learning problems deal with the estimation of conditional probabilities $p(y \mid x)$ from data $(x_1,y_i),\ldots,(x_n,y_n)$. This includes classification, regression and density estimation. Given a prior for $p(y \mid x)$ the maximum a-posteriori method estimates $p(y \mid x)$ as the most likely probability given the data. This principle can be formulated rigorously using the Cameron-Martin theory of stochastic processes and allows a variational characterisation of the estimator. The resulting nonlinear Galerkin equations are solved numerically. Convexity and total positivity lead to existence, uniqueness and error bounds. For machine learning problems dealing with large numbers of features we suggest to use sparse grid approximations.
Facile Synthesis of Porous Dendritic Bimetallic Platinum–Nickel Nanocrystals as Efficient Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2016)

Certain bimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) possess promising catalytic properties for electrochemical energy conversion. Herein, we report a facile method for the one-step synthesis of porous dendritic PtNi NCs in aqueous solution at room temperature that contrasts with the traditional multistep thermal decomposition approach. The dendritic PtNi NCs assembled by interconnected arms are efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. This direct and efficient method is favorable for the up-scaled synthesis of active catalysts used in electrochemical applications.
MANAGING INFORMATION REDUNDANCY FOR THE DESIGN OF FAULT-TOLERANT SLOW-ACTIVE CONTROLLED SUSPENSION (2004)

This article considers the design and analysis of a tyre-implemented sensor fault tolerant filtering method for active vehicle suspensions. Starting from a physical mathematical model of the considered active vehicle suspension implemented in a test rig, a Kalman filter is designed for the fault-free case and its performance evaluated. An observability test for detecting critical sensors is carried out. Finally a bank of Kalman filters is designed and the variation in the level of accuracy of estimation of failure is analysed. The final validation with test rig data shows good results.
Manufacturing All-Cellulose Composites: “Selective dissolution” vs “Selective swelling” (2019)

International audience
Zero-padded OFDM with improved performance over multipath channels (2004)

It has been proposed recently to replace the cyclic prefix (CP) in OFDM transmission by zero-padding (ZP); this guarantees symbol recovery even when channel nulls are located on a subcarrier. This, though, has the disadvantage that the simple DFT-based receiver does not perform well, but results have shown that if much higher complexity turbo demodulation is used, ZP-OFDM outperforms CP-OFDM. However, by viewing N-carrier OFDM as multicode CDMA with complex spreading codes from the N-PSK alphabet, one can apply to ZP-OFDM the numerous suboptimum multiuser receivers developed for CDMA. The performance of these receivers is dictated by the correlation properties of the IDFT matrix. Therefore, we propose to "modify" the IDFT matrix used to modulate the data in ZP-OFDM so that the resulting matrix possesses better correlation properties, and hence improved performance over multipath channels can be achieved. Simulation results verify the large gains in the uncoded performance of ZP-OFDM with modified IDFT matrix compared to CP-OFDM and ZP-OFDM with the IDFT matrix.
In Vitro-In Silico Tools for Streamlined Development of Acalabrutinib Amorphous Solid Dispersion Tablets (2021)

Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) dosage forms can improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, enabling the commercialization of new chemical entities and improving the efficacy and patient compliance of existing drugs. However, the development of robust, high-performing ASD dosage forms can be challenging, often requiring multiple formulation iterations, long timelines, and high cost. In a previous study, acalabrutinib/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-H grade ASD tablets were shown to overcome the pH effect of commercially marketed Calquence in beagle dogs. This study describes the streamlined in vitro and in silico approach used to develop those ASD tablets. HPMCAS-H and -M grade polymers provided the longest acalabrutinib supersaturation sustainment in an initial screening study, and HPMCAS-H grade ASDs provided the highest in vitro area under the curve (AUC) in gastric to intestinal transfer dissolution tests at elevated gastric pH. In silico simulations of the HPMCAS-H ASD tablet and Calquence capsule provided good in vivo study prediction accuracy using a bottom-up approach (absolute average fold error of AUC<sub>0-inf</sub> < 2). This streamlined approach combined an understanding of key drug, polymer, and gastrointestinal properties with in vitro and in silico tools to overcome the acalabrutinib pH effect without the need for reformulation or multiple studies, showing promise for reducing time and costs to develop ASD drug products.
Current reviews of allergy and clinical immunology (2007)

Immune regulation and tolerance are specific functions of the immune system, meaning at prevention or limitation of effector immune responses against inner and external insults. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial players in this immune balance network. Research over the last 10 years has significantly contributed to characterizing Treg cell features, their mechanisms of function, and their role in human pathologies. The discovery of FOXP3 as an essential transcription factor not only for differentiation and function of naturally occurring Treg cells but also for regulation of intracellular molecules related to effector T-cell responses has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. Interestingly, there is increasing evidence that the individual signature of genes relevant for immune regulation definitely influences the final outcome of an immune response. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120:227-35.)
Regioselective Hydroarylation of Protected Allylic Amines (2010)

A rhodium(I)-catalyzed hydroarylation of unactivated alkenes with arylboronic acids is reported. The regioselectivity of the addition is highly dependent on the protecting group and the carbon chain length of the allylic amine.
Integration of microscopy and serodiagnostic tests to screen for active tuberculosis. (2005)

This study demonstrates that a screening strategy can be created by integrating multi-antigen ELISA with AFB smear and HIV testing.
Infrastructure Development for Human Cell Therapy Translation (2007)

The common conception of a drug is that of a chemical with defined medicinal effect. However, cells used as drugs remain critical to patient care. Cell therapy's origins began with the realization that complex tissues such as blood can retain function when transplanted to the patient. More complex transplantation followed, culminating with the understanding that transplantation of some tissues such as bone marrow may act medicinally. Administration of cells with an intended therapeutic effect is a hallmark of cellular therapy. While cells have been used as drugs for decades, testing a specific therapeutic effect of cells has begun clinical testing relatively recently. Lessons learned during the establishment of blood banking (including the importance of quality control, process control, sterility, and product tracking) are key components in the assurance of the safety and potency of cell therapy preparations. As more academic medical centers and private companies move toward exploiting the full potential of cells as drugs, needs arise for the development of the infrastructure necessary to support these investigations. Careful consideration of the design of the structure used to manufacture is important in terms of the significant capital outlay involved and the facility's role in achieving regulatory compliance. This development perspective describes the regulatory environment surrounding the infrastructure support for cell therapy and practical aspects for design consideration with particular focus on those activities associated with early clinical trials.
Versatile Reactivity of a Solvent-Coordinated Diiron(II) Compound: Synthesis and Dioxygen Reactivity of a Mixed-Valent Fe [superscript II] Fe [superscript III] Species (2013)

A new, DMF-coordinated, preorganized diiron compound [Fe[subscript 2](N-Et-HPTB)(DMF)[subscript 4]](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 3] (1) was synthesized, avoiding the formation of [Fe(N-Et-HPTB)](BF4)2 (10) and [Fe2(N-Et-HPTB)(μ-MeCONH)](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 2] (11), where N-Et-HPTB is the anion of N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)]-2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane. Compound 1 is a versatile reactant from which nine new compounds have been generated. Transformations include solvent exchange to yield [Fe[subscript 2](N-Et-HPTB)(MeCN)[subscript 4]](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 3] (2), substitution to afford [Fe[subscript 2](N-Et-HPTB)(μ-RCOO)](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 2] (3, R = Ph; 4, RCOO = 4-methyl-2,6-diphenyl benzoate]), one-electron oxidation by (Cp[subscript 2]Fe)(BF[subscript 4]) to yield a Robin–Day class II mixed-valent diiron(II,III) compound, [Fe[subscript 2](N-Et-HPTB)(μ-PhCOO)(DMF)[subscript 2]](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 3] (5), two-electron oxidation with tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate to generate [Fe[subscript 2](N-Et-HPTB)Cl[subscript 3](DMF)](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 2] (6), reaction with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl to form [Fe[subscript 5](N-Et-HPTB)[subscript 2](μ-OH)[subscript 4](μ-O)(DMF)[subscript 2]](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 4] (7), and reaction with dioxygen to yield an unstable peroxo compound that decomposes at room temperature to generate [Fe[subscript 4](N-Et-HPTB)2(μ-O)[subscript 3](H[subscript 2]O)[subscript 2]](BF[subscript 4])·8DMF (8) and [Fe[subscript 4](N-Et-HPTB)[subscript 2](μ-O)[subscript 4]](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 2] (9). Compound 5 loses its bridging benzoate ligand upon further oxidation to form [Fe[subscript 2](N-Et-HPTB)(OH)[subscript 2](DMF)[subscript 2]](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 3] (12). Reaction of the diiron(II,III) compound 5 with dioxygen was studied in detail by spectroscopic methods. All compounds (1–12) were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. Selected compounds and reaction intermediates were further examined by a combination of elemental analysis, electronic absorption spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry.
Frequency-scalable SiGe bipolar RFIC front-end design (2002)

A highly-optimized SiGe RF bipolar front-end design is proposed. The optimum noise figure (NF/sub opt/) of a bipolar device is introduced in contrast with the minimum noise figure (NF/sub min/). An analytical method to design the low noise amplifier (LNA) at the optimum noise figure point is derived. The optimized LNA design scales linearly with frequency for multi-band RF front-end design. The optimization method is extended to the design of an improved Gilbert cell active mixer. The technique was demonstrated on a 1800 MHz SiGe bipolar RF front-end whose LNA achieves a 1.3 dB NF at a bias current of 4.5 mA while the mixer achieves a single-sideband noise figure (SSB NF) of 6.5 dB at only 4.8 mA.
The evolving application of single‐port robotic surgery in general surgery (2013)

Advances in the field of minimally invasive surgery have grown since the original advent of conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery. The recent development of single incision laparoscopic surgery remains a relatively novel technique, and has had mixed reviews as to whether it has been associated with lower pain scores, shorter hospital stays, and higher satisfaction levels among patients undergoing procedures through cosmetically-appeasing single incisions. However, due to technical difficulties that arise from the clustering of laparoscopic instruments through a confined working space, such as loss of instrument triangulation, poor surgical exposure, and instrument clashing, uptake by surgeons without a specific interest and expertise in cutting-edge minimally invasive approaches has been limited. The parallel use of robotic surgery with single-port platforms, however, appears to counteract technical issues associated with single incision laparoscopic surgery through significant ergonomic improvements, including enhanced instrument triangulation, organ retraction, and camera localization within the surgical field. By combining the use of the robot with the single incision platform, the recognized challenges of single incision laparoscopic surgery are simplified, while maintaining potential advantages of the single-incision minimally invasive approach. This review provides a comprehensive report of the evolving application single-port robotic surgery in the field of general surgery today.
A new flexible acquisition system of ray-space data for arbitrary objects (2000)

Conventional ray-space acquisition systems require very precise mechanisms to control the small movement of cameras or objects. Most of them adopt camera with a gantry or a turntable. Although they are good for acquiring the ray-space of small objects, they are not suitable for ray-space acquisition of very large structures, such as a building, tower, etc. This paper proposes a new ray-space acquisition system which consists of a camera and a 3-D position and orientation sensor. It is not only a compact and easy-to-handle system, but is also free from limitations of size or shape, in principle. It can obtain any ray-space data as far as the camera is located within the coverage of the 3-D sensor. This paper describes our system and its specifications. Experimental results are also presented.
Abstract 5200: MicroRNA-634 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by targeting anti-apopotic and mitochondria-related genes in human cancer cells (2014)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs composed of 20∼25 base pairs that can negatively regulate gene expression by interfering with the translation of target transcripts. Since it has been known that some miRNAs function as tumor suppressors (TS) and their expression levels are often down-regulated in cancer, TS-miRNAs are expected to be therapeutic agents for cancer therapy. Thus, we conducted function-based screening using a miRNA library, and identified several TS-miRNAs, including miR-152, miR-218, miR-596. Recently, we identified miR-634 as a new TS-miRNA, which induced cell death with mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. The expression analysis and the target-prediction program revealed miR-634 might directly target genes related with anti-apoptosis and mitochondrial function. Importantly, this miRNA was frequently down-regulated in primary tumor samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), compared with that in corresponding normal tissues. Furthermore, the combination therapy of miR-634 and cisplatin was effective to ESCC cell line in vitro and in vivo. Thus, these findings suggest that miR-634 may be useful as a potential therapeutic agent of ESCC. Citation Format: Naoto Fujiwara, Jun Inoue, Tatsuyuki Kawano, Ken-ichi Kozaki, Johji Inazawa. MicroRNA-634 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by targeting anti-apopotic and mitochondria-related genes in human cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5200. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5200
Performance Analysis of Hermetic Scroll Compressors (1992)

This paper presents a practical method of calculating hennetic scroll compressor performance, considering mechanical loss. leakage loss and heat exchange in the compressor shell. Mechanical friction losse:s due to fluid resistance of moving parts in the compressor, such as the balancing weight and the orbiting scroll, are considered and estimated. Heat exchange of the refrigerant gas between compressor components is calculated using a simplified thermal analysis model. The results of these calculations are compared with some measured data. The calculated adiabatic efficiencies agree with the measured values within 3% error. and the calculated discharge gas temperatures agree with the measured values within 3K error, in the revolutionary range from 20Hz to 150 Hz.
New chromia pillared clay catalysts (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew chromia pillared clay catalystsThomas J. Pinnavaia, Ming Shin Tzou, and Steven D. LandauCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 16, 4783–4785Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00302a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00302a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Altered body composition and energy expenditure but normal glucose tolerance among humans with a long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorder (2013)

The development of insulin resistance has been associated with impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO), but the exact relationship between FAO capacity and glucose metabolism continues to be debated. To address this controversy, patients with long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and measurement of energy expenditure, body composition, and plasma metabolites. Compared with controls, patients with LCHAD deficiency had a trend toward higher total body fat and extramyocellular lipid deposition but similar levels of intramyocelluar and intrahepatic lipids. Resting energy expenditure was similar between the groups, but respiratory quotient was higher and total energy expenditure was lower in LCHAD-deficient patients compared with controls. High-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin levels were lower and plasma long-chain acylcarnitines were higher among LCHAD-deficient patients. Fasting and post-OGTT levels of glucose, insulin, and ghrelin, along with estimates of insulin sensitivity, were the same between the groups. Despite decreased capacity for FAO, lower total energy expenditure and plasma HMW adiponectin, and increased plasma acylcarnitines, LCHAD-deficient patients exhibited normal glucose tolerance. These data suggest that inhibition of the FAO pathway in humans is not sufficient to induce insulin resistance.
Proteus : HLS-based NoC Generator and Simulator (2023)

Networks-on-chip (NoCs) form the backbone fabric for connecting multi-core SoCs containing several processor cores and memories. Design-space exploration (DSE) of NoCs is a crucial part of the SoC design process to ensure that it does not become a bottleneck. DSE today is often hindered by the inherent trade-off between software simulation vs hardware emulation/e- valuation. Software simulators are easily extendable and allow for the evaluation of new ideas but are not able to capture the hardware complexity. Meanwhile, RTL development is known to be time-consuming. This has forced DSE to use simulators followed by RTL development, evaluation and feedback, which slows down the overall design process. In an effort to tackle this problem, we present Proteus, a configurable and modular NoC simulator and RTL generator. Proteus is the first of its kind framework to use HLS compiler to develop NoCs from a C++ description of the N oC circuit. These generated N oCs can be simulated in software and tested on FPGAs. This allows users to do rapid DSE by providing the opportunity to tweak and test NoC architectures in real-time. We also compare Proteus-generated RTL with Chisel- generated and hand-written RTL in terms of area, timing and productivity. The ability to synthesize the NoC design on FPGAs can benefit large designs as the custom hardware results in faster run-time than cycle-accurate software simulators. Proteus is modeled similar to existing state-of-the-art simulators and offers users modifiable parameters to generate custom topologies, routing algorithms, and router microarchitectures.
Molecular subtype and response to dasatinib, an Src/Abl small molecule kinase inhibitor, in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in vitro (2013)

These findings suggest that cell line models maintain the molecular background of HCC and that subtype may be important for selecting patients for response to novel therapies. In addition, it highlights a potential role for Src family signaling in this progenitor subtype of HCC.
Vascular Abnormalities and Elevated Blood Pressure in Mice Lacking Adrenomedullin Gene (2001)

AM is indispensable for the vascular morphogenesis during embryonic development and for postnatal regulation of blood pressure by stimulating nitric oxide production.
Luminescent solar concentrators utilizing stimulated emission (2016)

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are an emerging technology that aims primarily to reduce the cost of solar energy, with great potential for building integrated photovoltaic (PV) structures. However, realizing LSCs with commercially viable efficiency is currently hindered by reabsorption losses. Here, we introduce an approach to reducing reabsorption as well as improving directional emission in LSCs by using stimulated emission. Light from a seed laser (potentially an inexpensive laser diode) passes through the entire area of the LSC panel, modifying the emission spectrum of excited dye molecules such that it is spectrally narrower, at wavelengths that minimize reabsorption to allow net gain in the system, and directed towards a small PV cell. A mathematical model, taking into account thermodynamic considerations, of such a system is presented which identifies key parameters and allows evaluation in terms of net effective output power.