gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 522: Specific Oxidized Phospholipids Modulate Platelet Reactivity In Vivo During Hyperlipidemia Via Cd36: A Mechanism Linking Hyperlipidemia, Oxidant Stress And A Pro-thrombotic Phenotype (2007)

Enhanced platelet reactivity is critical to the pathophysiology of occlusive arterial thrombotic disease. Despite the strong clinical associations between hyperlipidemia, a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, and a pro-thrombotic phenotype, the mechanisms responsible for enhanced platelet reactivity during hyperlipidemia remain unknown. Pro-atherosclerotic lipid abnormalities such as hypercholesterolemia are associated with both enhanced oxidant stress and generation of biologically active oxidized lipids, including potential ligands for the scavenger receptor CD36, a major platelet surface glycoprotein. Using multiple murine in vivo thrombosis models we now demonstrate that hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis prone mice (apolipoprotein E-deficient or LDL receptor-deficient) form occlusive intravascular thrombi faster than wildtype mice, and that genetic deletion of CD36 protects mice from hyperlipidemia-associated enhanced platelet reactivity and accompanying pro-thrombotic phenotype. Structurally defined oxidized choline glycerophospholipid molecular species that serve as endogenous high affinity ligands for CD36 are shown to : be markedly increased in plasma of hyperlipidemic mice; be elevated in plasma of subjects with low HDL levels; and to promote platelet activation and alpha-granule release via CD36 at pathophysiological levels. These studies thus demonstrate that platelet CD36 interactions with specific endogenous oxidized lipids play a heretofore unrecognized role in the well-known clinical associations between hyperlipidemia, oxidant stress and a prothrombotic phenotype.
Insecticide Barrier Spraying for the Control of Sand Fly Vectors of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Rural Guatemala (1995)

An initial evaluation of insecticide barrier spraying directed against sand fly vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis was done in a nonclimax forested area with heavy undergrowth in Peten, Guatemala. A 100 m-wide swath of vegetation was sprayed once with a 1:3 mixture of cyfluthrin insecticide and a palm oil carrier using back-pack sprayers to simulate a central cantonment area in one site while another site remained as an untreated control. Prior to spraying and throughout 87 days post-treatment, sand fly populations were monitored at both sites with light traps set at ground and canopy levels at 50-m intervals radiating out from the centers of the cantonments, 150-m in the four cardinal directions. A total of 2,876 female sand flies were captured, representing 16 species. Three species, Brumptomyia galindoi, Lutzomyia panamensis, and Lu, ovallesi, comprised 70% of the total collection. The single insecticide barrier significantly reduced sand flies from reaching the cantonment area for more than 80 days, while sand fly populations outside the treated cantonment and in the untreated (control) cantonment remained high (52 sand flies in the treated cantonment versus 235 sand flies in the untreated cantonment).
Implications of a simple mathematical model to cancer cell population dynamics (2006)

Recent research in cancer progression and treatment indicates that many forms of cancer arise from the development of a small subpopulation of abnormal cancer stem cells (CSCs) that promote cancer growth and spread. Many potential treatments preferentially interact with cells at certain stages of the cell cycle by either selective killing or halting the cell cycle, such as intense, nanosecond-duration pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs). Simple mathematical models of unfed cancer cell populations at the plateau of their growth characteristics may estimate the long-term consequences of these treatments on proliferating and quiescent cell populations. Applying such a model with no transition from the quiescent to proliferating state shows that it is possible for the proliferating cell population to fall below 1 if the quiescent cell population obtains a sufficient competitive advantage with respect to nutrient consumption and/or survival rate. Introducing small, realistic transition rates did not appreciably alter short-term or long-term population behaviour, indicating that the predicted small cell population behaviour (< 1 cell) is not an artefact of the simpler model. Experimental observations of nsPEF-induced effects on the cell cycle suggest that such a model may serve as a first step in assessing the viability of a given cancer treatment in vitro prior to clinical application.
Development and demonstration of a multi-channel spheroidal focusing device for neutron beams (2014)

A multi-channel neutron focusing mirror is a compact device that can effectively enhance neutron intensity because the multi-channel structure can cover a large divergence of a neutron beam. In this study, we attempted to develop a compact multi-channel spheroidal (MS) neutron focusing device for two-dimensional focusing. A prototype of the MS mirror consists of three spheroidal mirrors of different diameters. The mirrors are fabricated through the copper plating method without supermirror coating and are aligned coaxially using ring-shaped spacers. The MS mirror was demonstrated at beam line 10 NOBORU port at J-PARC, which provides neutron beams with time-of-flight spectra. A gain factor of 6 in neutron intensity was obtained over wavelengths greater than 0.5 nm, and an imaging test with sample scanning could be performed with an exposure time of 10 s. A Gd-patterned standard sample was employed and a 2D image with a spatial resolution of 200 μm was successfully obtained.
Design of blood compatible polymers and polymer surfaces (1994)

Blood compatible polymers and polymer surfaces are gaining attention for application in medical devices and artificial organs. However, when a polymer surface comes in contact with blood several processes that induce thrombus formation become evident. To control, prevent or suppress these processes, several approaches are used. The first approach is concerned about the preparation of polymer surface with a minimal interfacial free energy with blood. On one hand, the second approach aims to attach aliphatic chains to the surface, to establish a preferential adsorption of albumin. With these approaches, it is expected that various heparinization techniques for polymeric surfaces will be developed.
Hardware implementation and cost of decoders for digital HDTV (1991)

A study of the hardware complexity and cost impact of several proposed decoders for digital high-definition TV (HDTV) is presented. The digital HDTV receiver is examined, with emphasis on the demodulator, the video decoder, the computation of the inverse discrete cosine transform, and memory. Cost factors are addressed in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Non‐invasive estimation of muscle fibre size from high‐density electromyography (2023)

Because of the biophysical relation between muscle fibre diameter and the propagation velocity of action potentials along the muscle fibres, motor unit conduction velocity could be a non-invasive index of muscle fibre size in humans. However, the relation between motor unit conduction velocity and fibre size has been only assessed indirectly in animal models and in human patients with invasive intramuscular EMG recordings, or it has been mathematically derived from computer simulations. By combining advanced non-invasive techniques to record motor unit activity in vivo, i.e. high-density surface EMG, with the gold standard technique for muscle tissue sampling, i.e. muscle biopsy, here we investigated the relation between the conduction velocity of populations of motor units identified from the biceps brachii muscle, and muscle fibre diameter. We demonstrate the possibility of predicting muscle fibre diameter (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.66) and cross-sectional area (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.65) from conduction velocity estimates with low systematic bias (∼2% and ∼4% respectively) and a relatively low margin of individual error (∼8% and ∼16%, respectively). The proposed neuromuscular interface opens new perspectives in the use of high-density EMG as a non-invasive tool to estimate muscle fibre size without the need of surgical biopsy sampling. The non-invasive nature of high-density surface EMG for the assessment of muscle fibre size may be useful in studies monitoring child development, ageing, space and exercise physiology, although the applicability and validity of the proposed methodology need to be more directly assessed in these specific populations by future studies. KEY POINTS: Because of the biophysical relation between muscle fibre size and the propagation velocity of action potentials along the sarcolemma, motor unit conduction velocity could represent a potential non-invasive candidate for estimating muscle fibre size in vivo. This relation has been previously assessed in animal models and humans with invasive techniques, or it has been mathematically derived from simulations. By combining high-density surface EMG with muscle biopsy, here we explored the relation between the conduction velocity of populations of motor units and muscle fibre size in healthy individuals. Our results confirmed that motor unit conduction velocity can be considered as a novel biomarker of fibre size, which can be adopted to predict muscle fibre diameter and cross-sectional area with low systematic bias and margin of individual error. The proposed neuromuscular interface opens new perspectives in the use of high-density EMG as a non-invasive tool to estimate muscle fibre size without the need of surgical biopsy sampling.
The Origin and Role of Erythema after Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing (1998)

Although the erythema is an unwanted side effect in the patient's eyes, it is to be expected and thus represents the effects of a combination of epidermal immaturity, reduced melanin absorption of light, reduced dermal optical scattering, and increased blood flow secondary to the surgically induced inflammatory response.
Effective Microgrid Optimal Dispatch Settings (2023)

Active power control is one of the crucial functions run by the microgrid controller to schedule distributed energy resources (DER) in a microgrid. This schedule can be obtained through solving an optimization problem, so-called optimal dispatch, to minimize the cost of microgrid operation. To match all possible cases that can occur during real-time operation as well as to ensure that the optimal dispatch always reaches a feasible solution, some of the constraints associated with optimal dispatch problem are defined in terms of soft constraints, which introduces penalty factors into the problem. The user needs to tune these penalty factors, which might be confusing and cumbersome. In this regard, there is a considerable value in easing the hassle of tuning penalty factors. This paper first proposes a method to reduce the number of penalty factors used in the microgrid optimal dispatch problem. Additionally, the penalty factors are introduced in such a form that users can easily tune them all together with minimum effort.
Mitogen and Stress-activated Kinase-1 deficiency and transcriptional dysregulation in Huntington's Disease (2012)

Collaborative Congress of the European-Society-of-Gene-and-Cell-Therapy/French-Society-of-Cell-and-Gen e-Therapy, Versailles, FRANCE, OCT 25-29, 2012
Contribution of ions to the growth of amorphous, polymorphous, and microcrystalline silicon thin films (2000)

The growth of amorphous, microcrystalline, and polymorphous silicon has been investigated by studying the species contributing to the growth and resulting film structure. The surface reaction probability of the radicals and the contribution of ions to the growth have been determined. In a-Si:H deposition by hot wire chemical vapor deposition, the surface reaction probability (β=0.29) of the depositing radical is compatible with SiH3, whereas the surface reaction probability in microcrystalline silicon growth is higher (0.36⩽β⩽0.54). On the contrary, the deposition of amorphous silicon by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition indicates the contribution of more reactive radicals than SiH3. The deposition of polymorphous and microcrystalline silicon by plasma is dominated by ions, which can contribute up to 70% of the deposited film. This is attributed to efficient ionization of silane in charge exchange reactions with hydrogen ions. The surface reaction probability in the case of polymorphous silicon deposition (β≈0.30) is intermediate between that of a-Si:H deposition (β≈0.40) and that of microcrystalline silicon deposition (β≈0.20). Etching of amorphous silicon by means of a hydrogen plasma shows that ions may hinder the process.
Comparison of 3 Randomized Clinical Trials of Frontline Therapies for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2022)

This comparative effectiveness study found no survival benefit in the CM743 trial over MAPS, despite the inclusion of patients with worse prognosis in the latter trial. Moreover, the statistical conclusions of all the examined trials were shown to be extremely fragile, and the findings of differential censoring in the CM743 trial and in the ITT nonepithelial subset raised additional areas of concern. These findings suggest that selection criteria, fragility, and censoring patterns may affect the original conclusions drawn for the respective trials, casting a shadow on the real benefit. This model of analysis lays a rigorous groundwork extendable to trials of all cancer treatments before their registration.
Protonation effects on the photophysical properties of poly(2,5-pyridine diyl) (1998)

We have recently shown that poly(2,5-pyridine diyl) (PPY) can be synthesized to yield a polymer with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in the solid state, and that it is an excellent electron transport material. To explore the photophysical properties of PPY further, we have used a range of acidic “dopants” to protonate the nitrogen sites on each ring and made observations on how this affects the optical properties of the resultant protonated PPY films. In general, we find that sulphonic acids have the greatest effect, causing perturbations to both the ground-state and excited-state properties of the PPY. These changes occur with only moderate reduction of the PLQY, whereas nonsulphonic acids cause a larger reduction in PLQY without significantly affecting the ground- or excited-state energy levels. These aspects of the photophysics of PPY can be described using a simple ring torsion argument. This model can also account for the observed shifts between solution state and solid-state emission wavelengths.
Dynamics of SHB and SDP on 9XX EDFAs: Dependence on spectral allocation of input channels (2013)

The influence of the spectral allocation of input channels on the dynamic response of three-level erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) governed by spectral hold burning (SHB) and site dependent pumping (SDP) is investigated, both, experimentally and theoretically. Using an experimental setup specifically designed to isolate and assess the SHB and SDP behavior we are able to validate, with a good accuracy, a mathematical model derived from the fundamental equations of the three-level amplifier. We conclude that by selecting a pump wavelength centered at 974 nm instead of 980 nm, we can reduce the power excursions by 23 %, and that by increasing the channel spacing from 100 GHz to 150 GHz the power excursions decrease by more than 20 %. Further simulations are done to investigate the behavior of SHB and SDP in an EDFA with ideal gain control. We verify that in a subband switch, changing from the red subband to the blue subband causes higher deviations than when changing from the blue subband to the red subband of the c-band. Also, in a drop scenario, the overshoots and undershoots of the surviving channel depend on the input channels spectral allocation and on the gain of the amplifier.
Towards Real-Time Composite Material Characterization Using Surrogate Models and GPGPU Computing (2015)

In this paper we address the particular need for high-speed or “real-time” characterization of realistic anisotropic material systems such as laminated composites. This is driven by the desire to dynamically alter the loading paths applied by a multiaxial robotic test frame during the testing of a specimen, so that strain states are developed in the specimen in a manner that activates the maximum excitation of the specimen’s constitutive properties. In order to achieve this goal, we present an evolutionary adaptation of earlier work into computationally efficient material characterization using response-surface surrogate models. This approach is enhanced by the adoption of highly-parallel General Purpose Graphics Processing (GPGPU) computing. We discuss the challenges of adapting the characterization problem for GPGPU computing, particularly in terms of parallelization, synchronization, and approximation. Two parallelized algorithms for characterization are developed, and the merits of each are discussed. We then demonstrate validation results on a simple linear-elastic material system, and present statistical data which demonstrate the robustness of the approach in the presence of experimental noise. We conclude with remarks regarding the performance of the GPGPU-enabled characterization algorithm, and its applicability to more complex material systems.
Specific deactivation of monocyte and lymphocyte migration by antithrombin III (2001)

A new adjunctive system to obtain higher PaO 2 with nasal cannula or catheter: double trunk mask
Event driven mixed signal modeling techniques for System-in-Package functional verification (2010)

Developing complex mixed-signal System-in-Package (SiP) chip-sets or Systems-on-Chip (SoC) typically involves parallel analog and digital IC development, where verification engineers can expect to encounter disconnects between the design automation flows, user proficiencies, and IC release cycles. Verifying the SiP chip-set prior to manufacturing is the key milestone where these disconnects are resolved. Presented is a unique modeling, simulation and verification method which bridges these gaps much earlier in the design process. As an illustrative example the verification of a complex SiP for space applications is presented.
Multivalent Sgc8c-aptamer decorated polymer scaffolds for leukemia targeting (2021)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia causes a disproportional amount of immature white blood cells in the patients' bone marrow. The significant undesired side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy treatment prompted us to study a more effective treatment strategy. We decorated polyisocyanopeptide scaffolds with the selective leukemia cell binding aptamer sgc8c and found that the polymers inhibit proliferation by G0/G1-phase arrest, serving as an opportunity for future therapeutic strategies.
The physiological response of the marine platyhelminth<i>Macrostomum lignano</i>to different environmental oxygen concentrations (2013)

The respiration rate of meiofauna is difficult to measure, and the response to variations in the environmental oxygen concentration has so far been mainly addressed through behavioral investigation. We investigated the effect of different oxygen concentrations on the physiology of the marine platyhelminth Macrostomum lignano. Respiration was measured using batches of 20 animals in a glass microtiter plate equipped with optical oxygen sensor spots. At higher oxygen saturations (>12 kPa), the animals showed a clear oxyconforming behavior. However, below this value, the flatworms kept respiration rates constant at 0.064±0.001 nmol O2 l(-1) h(-1) individual(-1) down to 3 kPa PO2, and this rate was increased by 30% in animals that were reoxygenated after enduring a period of 1.5 h in anoxia. Physiological changes related to tissue oxygenation were assessed using live imaging techniques with different fluorophores in animals maintained in normoxic (21 kPa), hyperoxic (40 kPa) or near-anoxic (~0 kPa) conditions and subjected to anoxia-reoxygenation. The pH-sensitive dyes Ageladine-A and BCECF both indicated that pHi under near-anoxia increases by about 0.07-0.10 units. Mitochondrial membrane potential, Δψm, was higher in anoxic and hyperoxic than in normoxic conditions (JC1 dye data). Staining with ROS-sensitive dyes - DHE for detection of superoxide anion (O2•(-)) formation and C-H DFFDA for other ROS species aside from O2•(-) (H2O2, HOO• and ONOO) - showed increased ROS formation following anoxia-reoxygenation treatment. Animals exposed to hyperoxic, normoxic and anoxic treatments displayed no significant differences in O2•(-) formation, whereas mitochondrial ROS formation as detected by C-H2DFFDA was higher after hyperoxic exposure and lowest under near-anoxia conditions compared with the normoxic control group. Macrostomum lignano seems to be a species that is tolerant of a wide range of oxygen concentrations (being able to maintain aerobic metabolism from extremely low PO2 up to hyperoxic conditions), which is an essential prerequisite for successfully dealing with the drastic environmental oxygen variations that occur within intertidal sediments.
&lt;title&gt;Remotely located modulators for phased-array antennas&lt;/title&gt; (1994)

This paper describes an externally modulated fiber optic link designed to transmit signals from the face of a phased array antenna to a receiver/signal processor. The architecture used modulator pods and remotely located optical sources which were interconnected by fiber. The size of the modulator pod and its power dissipation were minimized, and operation over a range of environmental conditions was achieved. Perturbations in the operating characteristics of the link due to environmental stressing was minimized through careful design. The RF design considerations were dominated by issues related to beamsteering and null formation, and cancellation ratio data is presented for a pair of links showing a null depth in excess of 60 dB.