gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electro-optic based adiabatic frequency conversion in a non-centrosymmetric microresonator (2020)

A rather unknown method to perform optical frequency tuning is the adiabatic frequency conversion. But this method has some appealing advantages compared to conventional frequency conversion schemes, i. e. nonlinear- optical based ones: The internal conversion efficiency can reach unity even on a single-photon level. No threshold and no phase-matching conditions need to be fulfilled. Previous realizations of adiabatic frequency conversion suffer from short photon lifetimes, limited tuning range and challenging experimental setups. Here, we employ the Pockels effect for adiabatic frequency conversion (AFC) in a non-centrosymmetric ultrahigh-<i>Q</i> microresonator made out of lithium niobate. With a 70-μm-thick resonator we observe frequency shifts of more than 5 GHz by applying a moderate voltage of 20V. In contrast to former schemes our setup is considerably simplified and provides a linear electric-to-optical link that enables us to generate also arbitrary waveforms of frequency shifts. Furthermore, our presented conversion scheme is well-suited for on-chip fabrication. Volume fabrication and application of larger electric fields for reasonable voltages become possible. By doing this, it is feasible to achieve tuning on the order of hundreds of GHz.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Receptors Regulating Bone Turnover (2007)

While the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members RANKL and TNF-alpha are critical regulators of osteoclast formation, functions of other TNFs in bone are poorly understood. Here we consider the roles in regulating bone turnover of TNF receptors (TNF-R) also expressed by osteoblasts and osteoblast precursors. TNF receptors in osteoblasts and preosteoblasts include TNFR1 (p55), DR3 (TNFR25), DR5 (TRAIL-R2) and Fas, and possibly FN14 and DR4 (TRAIL-R1). Osteoblasts also produce soluble TNF receptors, DcR2, osteoprotegerin, and sDR3; these bind the TNFs TRAIL, RANKL, TL1A, and Apo3L and block ligand effects on cell surface receptors. Activation of DR3 regulates osteoblast maturation and may control the decision to exit the pool of differentiation-competent preosteoblasts. A major natural ligand for DR3, TL1A, is produced by vascular cells adjacent to differentiating osteoblasts and possibly by Fcgamma-stimulated osteoclast precursors. The activity of DR3 is regulated by osteoblast production of its soluble DR3 splice variant. Activation of TNFR1 or DR5 by TNF-alpha or TRAIL may regulate osteoblast connectivity, which is important to bone turnover. When there is a source for Fas ligand, such as an inflammatory infiltrate, activation of Fas may lead to apoptosis of any bone cell. TNF receptors are thus implicated in multiple aspects of bone turnover.
INJURIES CAUSED BY BIOMECHANICAL IMPACTS - CONTINUOUS EVALUATION OF HOSPITAL DATA (1982)

A method has been elaborated to collect and systematize information about persons who after having sustained impact injury have applied for hospital care. Hospital records, for in and out patients, constituted the main source of information which included data on the accident, the injury and the consumption of medical resources. The percentage of errors on collection and entering of data was found to be low. The information system, although sophisticated and versatile, has yet proved possible to be smoothly run by rather inexperienced personnel. (TRRL)
Syn-Ethyl 1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolone-3-carboxylate HCl Salt (2015)

This short note describes a one-step synthesis of the title compound from commercially available starting materials and reports its full spectroscopic characterization data.
Temperature sensitivity enhancing experiment of fiber bragg gratings (1999)

By packaging fiber gratings with polymers of large thermal expansion coefficient, the temperature sensitivity of the gratings has been largely improved. Six times and twenty - three times enhanced thermal sensitivity has been abstained, when they are packaged with two different polymers, respectively. This is the largest temperature sensitivity ever demonstrated to our knowledge.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LOW-PRESSURE SEAWATER FLUSHING OF OILED SEDIMENTS (1987)

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to assess the field effectiveness and biological effects of low-pressure saltwater flushing of a thin (&amp;lt;4 mm) oil layer applied to a very fine intertidal sand. On average approximately 85 percent of the applied medium fuel oil mousse was found to be recoverable. Hydrocarbon analyses indicated negligible oil incorporation into flushed plots. The technique is believed to have been effective partly because the water table was successfully raised (by up to 20 cm), and also because the surface 3 to 4 cm was sufficiently disturbed to liberate oil that had penetrated the surface layer during the 2 hours between oil application and flushing. Counts of Arenicola marina casts in “oiled” plots were significantly lower (P = 0.02) than in the “oiled and then flushed” plots. The technique is likely to work with viscous oils deposited in 10 mm thick Strandlines on accessible sloping shores, where the sediment is greater than 4 cm thick and reasonably firm. The technique is likely to be unsuccessful on very coarse sands and gravels, fluid muds, and low shear strength sands, because of erosion and mixing of sediments and oil.
THE EVOLUTION OF A PROBLEM (1997)

Dedicated to Herbert Robbins on the occasion of his 80th birthday Abstract: This paper describes several problems, all arising from one real-world problem. Some of these problems have been solved, others offer interesting chal- lenges.
Elemental concentrations in the National Bureau of Standards' environmental coal and fly ash Standard Reference Materials (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElemental concentrations in the National Bureau of Standards' environmental coal and fly ash Standard Reference MaterialsJ. M. Ondov, W. H. Zoller, Ilhan. Olmez, N. K. Aras, G. E. Gordon, L. A. Rancitelli, K. H. Abel, R. H. Filby, K. R. Shah, and R. C. RagainiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 7, 1102–1109Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60357a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60357a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AFLAP: Assembly-Free Linkage Analysis Pipeline using <i>k</i> -mers from whole genome sequencing data (2020)

Abstract Background Genetic maps are an important resource for validation of genome assemblies, trait discovery, and breeding. Next generation sequencing has enabled production of high-density genetic maps constructed with 10,000s of markers. Most current approaches require a genome assembly to identify markers. Our Assembly Free Linkage Analysis Pipeline (AFLAP) removes this requirement by using uniquely segregating k -mers as markers to rapidly construct a genotype table and perform subsequent linkage analysis. This avoids potential biases including preferential read alignment and variant calling. Results The performance of AFLAP was determined in simulations and contrasted to a conventional workflow. We tested AFLAP using 100 F 2 individuals of Arabidopsis thaliana , sequenced to low coverage. Genetic maps generated using k -mers contained over 130,000 markers that were concordant with the genomic assembly. The utility of AFLAP was then demonstrated by generating an accurate genetic map using genotyping-by-sequencing data of 235 recombinant inbred lines of Lactuca spp. AFLAP was then applied to 83 F 1 individuals of the oomycete Bremia lactucae , sequenced to &gt;5x coverage. The genetic map contained over 90,000 markers ordered in 19 large linkage groups. This genetic map was used to fragment, order, orient, and scaffold the genome, resulting in a much-improved reference assembly. Conclusions AFLAP can be used to generate high density linkage maps and improve genome assemblies of any organism when a mapping population is available using whole genome sequencing or genotyping-by-sequencing data. Genetic maps produced for B. lactucae were accurately aligned to the genome and guided significant improvements of the reference assembly.
On Using NDN to Vertically Secure Smart Power Distribution (2020)

Smart Grids is a modern adoption of power systems with the potential to revolutionize power distribution and management. In a general setting, a smart grid system is composed of multiple stakeholders who are involved in various operations including power generation, distribution and consumption. Effective, secure and trustworthy communication among these entities is crucial for the optimal operation of the system. Named Data Networking (NDN), the prominent Information Centric Networking (ICN) model provides a conducive architectural design to support the needs of this smart system. In this paper, we discuss data-centric security, data immutability and opportunistic in-network caching that are inherent features of NDN and enumerate the benefits and necessary accessories they provide for enhanced grid operation. We also see smart-grid as a viable system that can be built using NDN with the capability to provide the consumers with better quality of service (QoS), quality of experience (QoE) and most importantly vertical security.
A novel application of calcium electroporation to cutaneous manifestations of gynaecological cancer (2021)

Objective: Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is a new technique whereby intracellular concentrations of calcium are elevated by transient permeabilisation of the cell membrane using high-voltage electrical pulses. Tumour necrosis is induced with little damage to healthy tissue. Within gynaecological cancer, vulval cancer and vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) pose challenges for treatment, given the high recurrence rate, persistent symptoms and repeated resections required. In certain cases, CaEP may provide a suitable alternative. Methods: We present a case series of six patients with recurrent vulval squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2), VIN III (n = 2) and metastatic ovarian cancer (n = 2), five of whom were treated with CaEP. This is the first known application of CaEP to gynaecological cancers. Results: The median follow-up time was 14 months (range 2–18 months). Within the cohort of patients, CaEP was applied a total of 10 times, achieving a complete response five times and partial response four times. Symptoms improved within six weeks for eight episodes following CaEP application. Beyond six weeks, symptoms eventually recurred in all patients and four patients required more than one CaEP procedure. CaEP was useful for palliation of distressing symptoms in one case of metastatic ovarian cancer. No intra-operative or post-operative complications have been reported to date. Conclusion: CaEP may be a promising short-term treatment in selected patients with recurrent VIN and vulval cancer, where other treatments had failed. If validated, it could provide an acceptable alternative where surgery is unacceptable. Long term follow-up is required to evaluate effects on recurrence.
Amorphous Silicon Image Pickup Devices (1980)

Reactively sputtered amorphous silicon film is used as a photoconductive target of the vidicon type image pickup tube. Variation of tube characteristics with the hydrogen partial pressure in the discharge gas during sputtering are investigated. The results indicate that hydrogenated amorphous silicon films prepared in hydrogen partial pressures of 1∼2×10 -3 Torr are suitable for image pickup tubes. This amorphous silicon vidicon has several excellent characteristics: better sensitivity of about twice that of the conventional tubes, high resolution, little after-image, and no blooming.
Reverse-link power control in CDMA distributed antenna systems (2002)

It is well known that transmit power control is an essential component of any CDMA system. In conventional cellular systems, the interface between the wired network and wireless medium is the base station antenna (or closely located antennas if there is microdiversity) placed at the geographic center of the cell area. With such a "centralized" antenna, however, it is often impossible to maintain perfect power control (even if the power levels are adjusted in a precise and instantaneous manner) due to the fact that the required transmit power levels would occasionally (or often) be beyond practical limits; this is especially true for environments that yield high path losses. We investigate the peak and median transmit power requirements in a CDMA system that employs power control with a distributed antenna architecture. Computer simulations show that by using such an antenna architecture with only 4 antenna elements, the median and peak transmit power levels can be reduced by 13 dB and 20 dB, respectively. This may yield a substantial increase in system capacity, as well as a prolonged subscriber battery usage that may be critical in high data rate applications.
0.3-&amp;#x00B5;m gate-length metamorphic AlInAs/GaInAs HEMTs on Silicon substrates by MOCVD (2010)

Fabrication and performance of high-frequency 0.3-μm gate-length depletion-mode metamorphic Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.50</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.50</sub> As/Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> As high electron mobility transistors (mHEMT) grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) on n-type silicon substrates is reported. Using a combined optical and e-beam photolithography technology, submicron mHEMT devices on Si have been achieved. A maximum trans-conductance up to 739mS/mm was measured. The unity current gain cut-off frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) and the maximum oscillation frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) were 72.4 and 77.3GHz, respectively. An input capacitance to gate-drain feedback capacitance ratio, Cgs/Cgd, of 6.8 and a voltage gain, g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> /go, of 6.9 are observed in the device.
Decreased TRH Receptor mRNA Activity Precedes Homologous Downregulation: Assay in Oocytes (1987)

Ligand-induced decrease in cell-surface receptor number (homologous downregulation) is often due to rapid receptor internalization. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), however, causes a slow downregulation of TRH receptors (TRH-Rs), with a half-time of approximately 12 hours, in GH3 rat pituitary cells. The mechanism of TRH-R downregulation was studied by monitoring TRH-evoked depolarizing currents in Xenopus oocytes injected with GH3 cell RNA as a bioassay for TRH-R messenger RNA (mRNA) activity. In GH3 cells, TRH caused a rapid decrease in TRH-R mRNA activity to 15 percent of control within 3 hours. Because the half-life of TRH-R mRNA activity in control cells was approximately 3 hours, the rapid decrease in mRNA activity was not due to inhibition of mRNA synthesis alone and may represent a post-transcriptional effect.
Modification of Antigen Impacts on Memory Quality after Adenovirus Vaccination (2016)

The establishment of robust T cell memory is critical for the development of novel vaccines for infections and cancers. Classical memory generated by CD8(+)T cells is characterized by contracted populations homing to lymphoid organs. T cell memory inflation, as seen for example after CMV infection, is the maintenance of expanded, functional, tissue-associated effector memory cell pools. Such memory pools may also be induced after adenovirus vaccination, and we recently defined common transcriptional and phenotypic features of these populations in mice and humans. However, the rules that govern which epitopes drive memory inflation compared with classical memory are not fully defined, and thus it is not currently possible to direct this process. We used our adenoviral model of memory inflation to first investigate the role of the promoter and then the role of the epitope context in determining memory formation. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that conventional memory could be converted to inflationary memory by simple presentation of the Ag in the form of minigene vectors. When epitopes from LacZ and murine CMV that normally induce classical memory responses were presented as minigenes, they induced clear memory inflation. These data demonstrate that, regardless of the transgene promoter, the polypeptide context of a CD8(+)T cell epitope may determine whether classical or inflating memory responses are induced. The ability to direct this process by the use of minigenes is relevant to the design of vaccines and understanding of immune responses to pathogens.
Data augmentation in Bayesian neural networks and the cold posterior\n effect (2021)

Bayesian neural networks that incorporate data augmentation implicitly use a\n``randomly perturbed log-likelihood [which] does not have a clean\ninterpretation as a valid likelihood function'' (Izmailov et al. 2021). Here,\nwe provide several approaches to developing principled Bayesian neural networks\nincorporating data augmentation. We introduce a ``finite orbit'' setting which\nallows likelihoods to be computed exactly, and give tight multi-sample bounds\nin the more usual ``full orbit'' setting. These models cast light on the origin\nof the cold posterior effect. In particular, we find that the cold posterior\neffect persists even in these principled models incorporating data\naugmentation. This suggests that the cold posterior effect cannot be dismissed\nas an artifact of data augmentation using incorrect likelihoods.\n
Measurement of molecular weight distributions of organic halide in kraft mill waste streams, waste solids and pulp (1990)

Abstract Analytical procedures were developed for determining the apparent molecular weight (AMW) distribution of organic halide in both liquid and solid pulp and paper process components. The techniques included molecular weight separations using ultrafiltration (UF) and determinations using adsorption‐pyrolysis‐microcoulometry (AC/MC). Correction coefficients for rejection properties of UF membranes were determined using a diafiltration technique.
Angiopoietin-1 Treatment Reduces Inflammation but Does Not Prevent Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (2010)

Ang-1 treatment downregulates pulmonary inflammation, VEGF and Ang-2 expression but does not protect against vascular leakage and impaired gas exchange induced by HVT-ventilation.
Facile Reduction of Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Acid Chlorides, Amides and Nitriles to Alcohols or Amines Using NaBH<sub>4</sub>/BF<sub>3</sub>·Et<sub>2</sub>O (2004)

The reduction of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives to the corresponding alcohols or amines is an important transformation in synthetic organic chemistry. Lithium aluminum hydride and boranes are amongst the most commonly used reagents for this purposes.1-12 These highly reactive hydrides, however, have severe limitations such as the need for anhydrous solvents, hazardous handling, incompatibility with other functionality, and incomplete reaction. On the other hand, sodium borohydride is more convenient, less expensive, and safer to use, but does not reduce carboxylic acid derivatives, such as nitriles, esters, lactones and amides.13 To broaden the utility of NaBH4, its reactivity has been enhanced with various additives13,14 /-1 15 Led 16 17
Polyethylenimine-Assisted Extraction of α-Tocopherol from Tocopherol Homologues and CO<sub>2</sub>-Triggered Fast Recovery of the Extractant (2014)

The separation of natural homologues provides a great challenge due to high similarities of their structures and properties. In this work, the use of the polymeric extractant polyethylenimine (PEI) for the separation of α-tocopherol from the tocopherol homologues was investigated. Various PEI–cosolvent solutions were used to extract tocopherols from their hexane solutions. The effects of PEI molecular weight, cosolvent type, and PEI–cosolvent composition were systematically studied. High distribution and selectivity coefficients of tocopherols were obtained with PEI–acrylonitrile (ACN) as the extractant. A clear advantage of PEI extractant is its stimuli-responsive property triggered by CO2. PEI–extracted tocopherols could be replaced and released from PEI chains with CO2 bubbling, with PEI–CO2 precipitated out from the extract phase, which greatly facilitates the back extraction of tocopherols and the recovery of PEI for reuse. With CO2 bubbling, it took only three back extractions to recover over 90% tocopherols, compared with 12 in theory without CO2 treatment. Precipitated PEI–CO2 could be redissolved in cosolvent for reuse by N2 bubbling and heating. The distribution coefficients decreased by approximately 10% after being recycled three times.
Influence of Psychological Factors on Risk of Temporomandibular Disorders (2007)

Psychological characteristics potentially may be a cause or consequence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). We hypothesized that psychological characteristics associated with pain sensitivity would influence risk of first-onset TMD, but the effect could be attributed to variation in the gene encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). We undertook a prospective cohort study of healthy female volunteers aged 18-34 yrs. At baseline, participants were genotyped, they completed psychological questionnaires, and underwent quantitative sensory testing to determine pain sensitivity. We followed 171 participants for up to three years, and 8.8% of them were diagnosed with first-onset TMD. Depression, perceived stress, and mood were associated with pain sensitivity and were predictive of 2- to 3-fold increases in risk of TMD (P < 0.05). However, the magnitude of increased TMD risk due to psychological factors remained unchanged after adjustment for the COMT haplotype. Psychological factors linked to pain sensitivity influenced TMD risk independently of the effects of the COMT haplotype on TMD risk.