gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the effect of weld defects on the fatigue strength of beam welded butt joints (2018)

Modern guidelines concerning the fatigue strength of welded components are often based on the nominal stress concept. These guidelines are valid for fusion welded steels but do not distinguish between different welding processes. However, different welding processes can lead to significant differences in the resulting weld geometry. This is particular true for arc welded components in comparison to beam welded components. Furthermore, it is well known, that the geometry of welded joints effects the fatigue strength severely. Therefore, it can be expected that beam welds behave differently to arc welds in fatigue tests. In this study, electron beam and laser beam welded samples of different thicknesses made from fine-grained steels were tested in fatigue tests under a constant amplitude loading. In order to assess the effects of weld defects on the fatigue strength, samples with defined weld defects (e.g. axial misalignment) were included in the study as well. The weld geometry of each sample was measured and evaluated according to the quality groups in ISO 13919-1. Additional numerical notch stress calculations were performed. Finally, a correlation between the quality groups according to ISO 13919-1 and the nominal cyclic stress at 2*106 load cycles with a survival probability of 97,5% was proposed. This correlation allows users of beam welding processes to predict the fatigue strength of components under the condition that certain quality levels according to ISO 13919-1 are met.
FIBER OPTIC THERMOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF FLAWS IN COMPOSITES (2010)

Optical fibers with multiple Bragg gratings bonded to surfaces of structures were used for thermographic detection of subsurface defects in structures. The investigated structures included a 10‐ply composite specimen with subsurface delaminations of various sizes and depths. Both during and following the application of a thermal heat flux to the surface, the individual Bragg grating sensors measured the temporal and spatial temperature variations. The obtained data were analyzed with thermal modeling to reveal particular characteristics of the interested areas. These results were found to be consistent with the simulation results.
Experimental studies of high-frequency azimuthal waves in Hall thrusters (2004)

High-frequency oscillations (1–100 MHz) are drawing significant attention in the recent research of Hall thrusters. A diagnostic setup, consisting of single Langmuir probe, special shielded probe connector-positioner, and electronic impedance-matching circuit, was successfully built and calibrated. Through simultaneous high-frequency probing of the Hall-thruster plasma at multiple locations, high-frequency plasma waves have been successfully identified and characterized.
Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Analysis of Mg<sup>2+</sup> Intercalation into Thin Film Electrodes of Layered Oxides: V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and MoO<sub>3</sub> (2013)

Electrochemical, surface, and structural studies related to rechargeable Mg batteries were carried out with monolithic thin-film cathodes comprising layered V2O5 and MoO3. The reversible intercalation reactions of these electrodes with Mg ion in nonaqueous Mg salt solutions were explored using a variety of analytical tools. These included slow-scan rate cyclic voltammetry (SSCV), chrono-potentiometry (galvanostatic cycling), Raman and photoelectron spectroscopies, high-resolution microscopy, and XRD. The V2O5 electrodes exhibited reversible Mg-ion intercalation at capacities around 150-180 mAh g(-1) with 100% efficiency. A capacity of 220 mAh g(-1) at >95% efficiency was obtained with MoO3 electrodes. By applying the electrochemical driving force sufficiently slowly it was possible to measure the electrodes at equilibrium conditions and verify by spectroscopy, microscopy, and diffractometry that these electrodes undergo fully reversible structural changes upon Mg-ion insertion/deinsertion cycling.
Non-Contact Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography: A Step Towards In-Vivo Cellular-Level Imaging of the Human Cornea (2016)

We present a new full-field optical coherence tomography instrument capable of corneal imaging in air. Acquired images show the potential of this system for realization of in-vivo ultrahigh-resolution human cornea imaging.
Dynamics in HIV‐DNA levels over time in HIV controllers (2019)

These results offer new insights into the mechanisms of long-term control in HIC. In half of HIC, the decrease in HIV-DNA level could be linked to tighter viral control and progressive loss of infected cells. These findings allow the identification of HIC with a low risk of progression who may not need treatment.
Risk of tract recurrence with stereotactic biopsy of brain metastases: an 18-year cancer center experience (2021)

In this study the authors identified a nontrivial, higher than previously described rate of BrM-biopsy tract recurrence, which often required additional surgery or radiation and justified close radiographic surveillance. As BrMs are commonly treated with SRS limited to enhancing tumor margins, consideration should be made, in cases lacking CNS-active systemic treatments, to include biopsy tracts in adjuvant radiation plans where feasible.
Reduced Corpus‐Callosum Volume in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Highlights the Importance of Interhemispheric Connectivity for Associative Memory (2014)

Memory deficits are a common complaint of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite vivid trauma-related memory, previous studies report memory impairment for nontrauma-related stimuli when compared to controls, specifically in associative memory (Guez et al., 2011). Healthy individuals show hemispheric memory asymmetry with left-prefrontal lateralization of encoding and right-prefrontal lateralization of episodic retrieval, suggesting a role for interhemispheric communication in memory-related tasks (Gazzaniga, ; Ringo, Doty, Demeter, & Simard, ). Because brain magnetic resonance imaging (bMRI) studies in PTSD patients report volume changes in various regions, including white matter and corpus callosum (CC), we aimed to test the relationship between memory deficits and CC volume in PTSD patients. We probed for specific alterations in associative memory in PTSD and measured the volume of subportions within the CC employing bMRI. Our main finding was a reduction in CC white-matter volume in PTSD patients, as compared to controls, t(35) = -2.7, p = .010, that was correlated with lower associative performance (r = .76, p = .003). We propose that CC volume reduction is a substrate for the associative memory deficits found in PTSD.
RNA stores tau reversibly in complex coacervates (2017)

Nonmembrane-bound organelles that behave like liquid droplets are widespread among eukaryotic cells. Their dysregulation appears to be a critical step in several neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we report that tau protein, the primary constituent of Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles, can form liquid droplets and therefore has the necessary biophysical properties to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells. Consonant with the factors that induce LLPS, tau is an intrinsically disordered protein that complexes with RNA to form droplets. Uniquely, the pool of RNAs to which tau binds in living cells are tRNAs. This phase state of tau is held in an approximately 1:1 charge balance across the protein and the nucleic acid constituents, and can thus be maximal at different RNA:tau mass ratios, depending on the biopolymer constituents involved. This feature is characteristic of complex coacervation. We furthermore show that the LLPS process is directly and sensitively tuned by salt concentration and temperature, implying it is modulated by both electrostatic interactions between the involved protein and nucleic acid constituents, as well as net changes in entropy. Despite the high protein concentration within the complex coacervate phase, tau is locally freely tumbling and capable of diffusing through the droplet interior. In fact, tau in the condensed phase state does not reveal any immediate changes in local protein packing, local conformations and local protein dynamics from that of tau in the dilute solution state. In contrast, the population of aggregation-prone tau as induced by the complexation with heparin is accompanied by large changes in local tau conformations and irreversible aggregation. However, prolonged residency within the droplet state eventually results in the emergence of detectable β-sheet structures according to thioflavin-T assay. These findings suggest that the droplet state can incubate tau and predispose the protein toward the formation of insoluble fibrils.
A smart risk-responding polymer membrane for safer batteries (2023)

Safety concerns related to the abuse operation and thermal runaway are impeding the large-scale employment of high-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries. Here, we report that by incorporating phosphorus-contained functional groups into a hydrocarbon-based polymer, a smart risk-responding polymer is prepared for effective mitigation of battery thermal runaway. At room temperature, the polymer is (electro)chemically compatible with electrodes, ensuring the stable battery operation. Upon thermal accumulation, the phosphorus-containing radicals spontaneously dissociate from the polymer skeleton and scavenge hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals to terminate the exothermic chain reaction, suppressing thermal generation at an early stage. With the smart risk-responding strategy, we demonstrate extending the time before thermal runaway for a 1.8-Ah Li-ion pouch cell by 100% (~9 hours) compared with common cells, creating a critical time window for safety management. The temperature-triggered automatic safety-responding strategy will improve high-energy-density battery tolerance against thermal abuse risk and pave the way to safer rechargeable batteries.
The Calvin-Benson cycle is not directly linked to transitory starch biosynthesis by means of plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase in mesophyll cells of plants exposed to microbial volatiles (2014)

Trabajo presentado en el KAAB International Symposium: Frontiers in Plant Science and Biotechnology, organizado por Kariwa Village Agro-Biotechnological Research Center, Niigata University y celebrado en dicha universidad el 29 de septiembre de 2014
A Nonaqueous Redox‐Matched Flow Battery with Charge Storage in Insoluble Polymer Beads** (2022)

We describe the nonaqueous redox-matched flow battery (RMFB), where charge is stored on redox-active moieties covalently tethered to non-circulating, insoluble polymer beads and charge is transferred between the electrodes and the beads via soluble mediators with redox potentials matched to the active moieties on the beads. The RMFB reported herein uses ferrocene and viologen derivatives bound to crosslinked polystyrene beads. Charge storage in the beads leads to a high (approximately 1.0-1.7 M) effective concentration of active material in the reservoirs while preventing crossover of that material. The relatively low concentration of soluble mediators (15 mM) eliminates the need for high-solubility molecules to create high energy density batteries. Nernstian redox exchange between the beads and redox-matched mediators was fast relative to the cycle time of the RMFB. This approach is generalizable to many different redox-active moieties via attachment to the versatile Merrifield resin.
No negative effects of surface electrical stimulation for facial paralysis (2021)

Introduction Does electrical stimulation (ES) of denervated muscles delay or even prevent reinnervation, or increase aberrant reinnervation and therefore synkinesis? This retrospective study evaluates the outcome with and without surface ES of patients with acute denervated facial muscles.
Chromosome Translocations in Workers Exposed to Benzene (2008)

As benzene has been linked with elevated risk of both acute myeloid leukemia and lymphoma, we explored the effect of benzene exposure on levels of t(8;21), t(15;17), and t(14;18) translocations. Circulating lymphocytes of normal individuals also often contain t(14;18). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that 37 workers with benzene exposure had a decreased level of t(14;18) in their blood with only 16.2% having 10 or more copies of the t(14;18) BCL-2/IgH fusion gene/microg DNA, as opposed to 55% of 20 controls (P = .0063 by Fisher's exact test). This decline may be related to the immunotoxicity to specific subtypes of circulating B-lymphocytes, but the data do not support the use of t(14;18) as a biomarker of increased lymphoma risk in benzene-exposed populations. None of 88 individuals (31 controls and 57 exposed) exhibited detectable t(8;21) transcripts, and while t(15;17) transcripts were detected in two individuals, the result is inconclusive as one was exposed and the other was unexposed.
The Biological Basis for Targeting Protein Turnover in Malignant Cells (2023)

Targeting the proteome has become an increasingly important therapeutic strategy across a variety of hematologic malignancies, but especially in those disease derived from professional antibody production, like plasma cell and myeloma. In addition, targeting global protein turn over by inhibiting the degradation of intracellular protein has been validated across other types of cancer including Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and mantle cell lymphoma. While the discrete mechanisms of action for proteasome inhibitors across these different diseases remain to be elucidated, insights from how these drugs work in myeloma have been translated now to our next-generation protein targeted strategies, like PROTAC therapies, discussed in detail elsewhere in this book. In this chapter, we will review the multitude of mechanisms associated with proteasome inhibitors, and underscore the dominant theories on how these still important drugs work across various lymphoma malignancies.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Aneuploid Cell Survival Relies upon Sphingolipid Homeostasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;UGCG and SGMS1 knockdown efficiencies with different shRNA and siRNA.&lt;/p&gt;
A Novel Fully-Human Potency-Matched Dual Cytokine-Antibody Fusion Protein Targets Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Renal Cell Carcinomas (2019)

Certain cytokines synergize in activating anti-cancer immunity at the site of disease and it may be desirable to generate biopharmaceutical agents, capable of simultaneous delivery of cytokine pairs to the tumor. In this article, we have described the cloning, expression and characterization of IL2-XE114-TNF<sup>mut</sup>, a dual-cytokine biopharmaceutical featuring the sequential fusion of interleukin-2 (IL2) with the XE114 antibody in scFv format and a tumor necrosis factor mutant (TNF<sup>mut</sup>). The fusion protein recognized the cognate antigen (carbonic anhydrase IX, a marker of hypoxia and of renal cell carcinoma) with high affinity and specificity. IL2-XE114-TNF<sup>mut</sup> formed a stable non-covalent homotrimeric structure, displayed cytokine activity in <i>in vitro</i> tests and preferentially localized to solid tumors <i>in vivo</i>. The product exhibited a partial growth inhibition of murine CT26 tumors transfected for carbonic anhydrase IX. When administered to <i>Cynomolgus</i> monkey as intravenous injection, IL2-XE114-TNF<sup>mut</sup> showed the expected plasma concentration of ~1,500 ng/ml at early time points, indicating the absence of any <i>in vivo</i> trapping events, and a half-life of ~2 h. IL2-XE114-TNF<sup>mut</sup> may thus be considered as a promising biopharmaceutical for the treatment of metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, since these tumors are known to be sensitive to IL2 and to TNF.
Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: is output current correlated with acute response? (2007)

The output current is not a major determinant of acute response to VNS for epilepsy. Many patients respond to low current (<1 mA). Some (20%) initial non-responders may respond to an increase in output current.
Ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone initiated by rare earth alkoxides and borohydrides: a comparative study (2006)

Abstract The polymerization of ε‐caprolactone initiated by trivalent rare earth (Ln) derivatives, namely the isopropoxide ‘Ln(OiPr) 3 ’ opposed to the borohydride Ln(BH 4 ) 3 (THF) 3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm) and (Cp*) 2 Sm(BH 4 )(THF) (Cp* = (η‐C 5 Me 5 )), has been evaluated. The comparison, based on the structure of the initiator and on the polymerization features (molar mass, molar mass distribution, side reactions) reveals some differences especially in the number of active polymer chains per metal and in the occurrence of some transfer reactions with Ln(BH 4 ) 3 (THF) 3 . Polymerizations performed with borohydride derivatives lead to a gel as a result of van der Waals interactions, while the reaction medium remains fluid with the alkoxide species. A typical coordination‐insertion mechanism with oxygen‐acyl bond cleavage of the monomer prevails with both types of initiators. However, while the alkoxide complexes lead to α,ω‐hydroxyalkoxypoly(ε‐caprolactone), the borohydride compounds allow the synthesis of α,ω‐dihydroxypoly(ε‐caprolactone). Both polymerization processes are well controlled under specific conditions. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Dataset and scripts for A Deep Dive into Machine Learning Density Functional Theory for Materials Science and Chemistry (2021)

This dataset contains additional data for the publication "A Deep Dive into Machine Learning Density Functional Theory for Materials Science and Chemistry". Its goal is to enable interested people to reproduce the citation analysis carried out in the aforementioned publication. <strong>Prerequesites</strong> The following software versions were used for the python version of this dataset: Python: 3.8.6 Scholarly: 1.2.0 Pyzotero: 1.4.24 Numpy: 1.20.1 <strong>Contents</strong> results/ : Contains the .csv files that were the results of the citation analysis. Paper groupings follow the ones outlined in the publication. scripts/ : Contains scripts to perform the citation analysis. Zotero.cached.pkl : Contains the cached Zotero library. <strong>Usage</strong> In order to reproduce the results of the citation analysis, you can use citation_analysis.py in conjunction with cached Zotero library. Manual additions can be verified using the check_consistency script.<br> Please note that you will need a Tor key for the citation analysis, and access to our Zotero library if you don't want to use the cached version. If you need this access, simply contact us.
Results on Parity-Check Matrices With Optimal Stopping And/Or Dead-End Set Enumerators (2008)

The performance of iterative decoding techniques for linear block codes correcting erasures depends very much on the sizes of the stopping sets associated with the underlying Tanner graph, or, equivalently, the parity-check matrix representing the code. In this correspondence, we introduce the notion of dead-end sets to explicitly demonstrate this dependency. The choice of the parity-check matrix entails a tradeoff between performance and complexity. We give bounds on the complexity of iterative decoders achieving optimal performance in terms of the sizes of the underlying parity-check matrices. Further, we fully characterize codes for which the optimal stopping set enumerator equals the weight enumerator.
Increased PHGDH expression uncouples hair follicle cycle progression and promotes inappropriate melanin accumulation (2018)

SUMMARY Copy number gain of the PHGDH gene that encodes the first enzyme of the serine biosynthesis pathway is found in some human cancers, including a subset of melanomas. In order to study the effect of increased PHGDH expression in tissues in vivo , we generated mice harboring a PHGDH tetO allele that allows tissue-specific, doxycycline-inducible PHGDH expression. Tissues and cells derived from PHGDH tetO mice exhibit increased serine biosynthesis. Histological examination of skin tissue from PHGDH tetO mice reveals the presence of melanin granules in anagen II hair follicles, despite the fact that melanin synthesis is normally closely coupled to the hair follicle cycle and does not begin until later in the cycle. This phenotype occurs in the absence of any global change in hair follicle cycle timing. The inappropriate presence of melanin early in the hair follicle cycle following PHGDH expression is also accompanied by increased melanocyte abundance in anagen II skin. Together, these data support a model in which PHGDH expression affects melanocyte proliferation and/or differentiation and may provide insight into how PHGDH expression impacts normal melanocyte biology to promote melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE The significance behind copy number gain of PHGDH in human cancers is unclear. In this study, we generate a mouse model that mimics PHGDH gene copy number gain and characterize its effect on normal tissues. Increased PHGDH expression yields a phenotype of aberrant melanin production, which indicates that PHGDH expression may play a role in normal melanocyte biology. This result may provide insight into why PHGDH copy number gain is observed in melanoma more frequently than in most other tumor types.
Novel PILOSS Port Assignment for Compact Polarization-Diversity Si-Wire Optical Switch (2016)

We propose a bidirectional use of all the ports of a single path-independent-insertion-loss switch for polarization diversity. A polarization-insensitive Si-wire thermooptic 4×4 switch is achieved without duplicating the switch.
Scalable frequent itemset mining on many-core processors (2013)

Frequent-itemset mining is an essential part of the association rule mining process, which has many application areas. It is a computation and memory intensive task with many opportunities for optimization. Many efficient sequential and parallel algorithms were proposed in the recent years. Most of the parallel algorithms, however, cannot cope with the huge number of threads that are provided by large multiprocessor or many-core systems. In this paper, we provide a highly parallel version of the well-known Eclat algorithm. It runs on both, multiprocessor systems and many-core coprocessors, and scales well up to a very large number of threads---244 in our experiments. To evaluate mcEclat's performance, we conducted many experiments on realistic datasets. mcEclat achieves high speedups of up to 11.5x and 100x on a 12-core multiprocessor system and a 61-core Xeon Phi many-core coprocessor, respectively. Furthermore, mcEclat is competitive with highly optimized existing frequent-itemset mining implementations taken from the FIMI repository.
High-Throughput Directed Self-Assembly of Core–Shell Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticle Arrays (2013)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) provide a set of building blocks for constructing stimuli-responsive nanoscale materials with properties that are unique to this scale. The size and the composition of MNPs are tunable to meet the requirements for a range of applications including biosensors and data storage. Although many of these technologies would significantly benefit from the organization of nanoparticles into higher-order architectures, the precise placement and arrangement of nanoparticles over large areas of a surface remain a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the viability of magnetic nanoparticles for patterned recording media utilizing a template-directed self-assembly process to afford well-defined nanostructures of magnetic nanoparticles and access these assemblies using magnetic force microscopy and a magnetic recording head. Photolithographically defined holes were utilized as templates to form assemblies of ferrimagnetic nanoparticle rings or pillars selectively over a large area (>1 cm(2)) in just 30 s. This approach is applicable to other nanoparticle systems as well and enables their high-throughput self-assembly for future advanced device fabrication.