gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional heterogeneity in the myenter is plexus: Demonstration using cytochrome oxidase as a verified cytochemical probe of the activity of individual enteric neurons (1986)

The cytochemical technique for the demonstration of cytochrome oxidase has been used to locate the sites of chronically active neurons in the CNS. The current experiments were undertaken to validate the use of this technique for the identification of active neurons and ganglia in the myenteric plexus of the gut. The excitotoxin veratridine was used to cause repetitive firing of action potentials and to depolarize myenteric neurons over an 8-hour test period in vitro. The effects of veratridine were monitored electrophysiologically and correlated with the ability of the drug to affect the density of the cytochrome oxidase reaction product, as well as the proportion of reactive myenteric neurons. The action of veratridine on cytochrome oxidase activity was evaluated by means of video microdensitometry and computer-assisted morphometry. Effects of veratridine were considered to be specific if they were blocked by the inclusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX), which antagonizes the action of veratridine on voltage-dependent Na+ channels. Veratridine (1.0 microM) depolarized the membranes of myenteric type II neurons and greatly increased both the average density of the cytochrome oxidase reaction product in individual neuronal cell bodies and the proportion that were reactive. The concentration-effect relationship for veratridine was biphasic. As the concentration of veratridine was raised, neurons became sufficiently depolarized such that they ceased to fire action potentials. This absence of spiking was associated with a decline in the stimulation of cytochrome oxidase activity by veratridine. At still higher concentrations of veratridine the degree of neuronal depolarization continued to increase. This further depolarization was associated with a secondary increase in cytochrome oxidase activity. All effects of veratridine were blocked by TTX. It is concluded that the cytochemical demonstration of cytochrome oxidase reflects the recent metabolic history and thus the physiological activity of myenteric neurons. In control preparations, fixed without exposure to veratridine, considerable variation in cytochrome oxidase was observed between ganglia and between individual neurons within ganglia. This suggests that there are significant differences in the activity of individual ganglia and neurons of the myenteric plexus. These observations support the hypothesis that there is a functional heterogeneity that corresponds to an anatomical heterogeneity (previously demonstrated) of the myenteric plexus.
Sensitivity study of reliable, high-throughput resolution metricsfor photoresists (2008)

The resolution of chemically amplified resists is becoming an increasing concern, especially for lithography in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regime. Large-scale screening and performance-based down-selection is currently underway to identify resist platforms that can support shrinking feature sizes. Resist screening efforts, however, are hampered by the absence of reliable resolution metrics that can objectively quantify resist resolution in a high-throughput fashion. Here we examine two high-throughput metrics for resist resolution determination. After summarizing their details and justifying their utility, we characterize the sensitivity of both metrics to two of the main experimental uncertainties associated with lithographic exposure tools, namely: limited focus control and limited knowledge of optical aberrations. For an implementation at EUV wavelengths, we report aberration and focus limited error bars in extracted resolution of {approx} 1.25 nm RMS for both metrics making them attractive candidates for future screening and down-selection efforts.
Two axes orthogonal drive transmission for omnidirectional crawler with surface contact (2016)

In this paper, we propose an omnidirectional mobile mechanism with surface contact. This mechanism is expected to perform on rough terrain and weak ground at disaster sites. In the discussion on the drive mechanism, we explain how a two axes orthogonal drive transmission system is important and we propose a principle drive mechanism for omnidirectional motion. In addition, we demonstrated that the proposed drive mechanism has potential for omnidirectional movement on rough ground by conducting experiments with prototypes.
The Surface Preparation of Adherends for Adhesive Bonding (2012)

No AccessAdhesion and Adhesives TechnologyJun 2012The Surface Preparation of Adherends for Adhesive BondingAlphonsus V. PociusAlphonsus V. Pociushttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446431775.007SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2012Pages: 181-218Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42748-8eISBN: 978-3-446-43177-5 Copyright & Permissions© 2012 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Monitoring glucose uptake and metabolism in human kidney with dynamic 3D DMI at 7 T (2023)

Kidneys play a crucial role in glucose homeostasis via glucose reabsorption and glucose release into and glucose uptake from the circulation. We investigated the feasibility of measuring renal glucose uptake and metabolism with dynamic 3D DMI. A volunteer was scanned twice with two different ways of deuterated glucose administration: in the scanner and before scanning session. Similar glucose uptake was observed in the kidney and liver. We demonstrated the feasibility of measuring renal glucose uptake and metabolism with dynamic 3D DMI. This technique has potential to study the role of renal glucose uptake in glucose homeostasis in diabetes.
A 100 GHz transformer-coupled fully differential amplifier in 90 nm CMOS (2010)

This paper proposes differential design techniques for W-band CMOS applications. Transformers are used as passive matching circuits, which provide numerous advantages compared to traditional matching circuits. Stabilization and gain improvement of the differential pair is achieved by a wideband neutralization technique. These techniques are combined in a fully differential amplifier which is successfully measured. To our knowledge, this is the first fully differential 100 GHz CMOS amplifier.
Effect of folate deficiency on microsomal drug metabolism and heme content in the intestinal mucosa of guinea pigs (1981)

The relationship between folate deficiency, heme content, and microsomal drug metabolism in the intestinal mucosa of the guinea pig was examined. Weanling male guinea pigs were pair-fed a folate-deficient diet, and intestinal mucosal folate levels were measured. A significant decrease (75%) in these levels was observed at 3 weeks after diet initiation. A significant decrease (78%) in intestinal mucosal drug metabolism (7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity) and a significant decrease (46%) in intestinal mucosal heme content were also observed at this time. These findings indicate that folic acid deficiency in the guinea pig results in a marked reduction in heme content and microsomal drug metabolism of the intestinal mucosa.
Challenges and improvement of reliability in advanced wafer level packaging technology (2016)

The number of WLCSP (Wafer Level Packages) used in semiconductor packaging has experienced significant growth since its introduction in 1998. The growth has been driven primarily by mobile consumer products because of the small form factor and high performance enabled in the package design. And it is also attractive to WE (wearable electronics) and IoT (Internet of Things) products. Although WLCSP is now a widely accepted package option, the initial acceptance of WLCSP was limited by concerns with the SMT assembly process and the fragile nature of the exposed silicon inherent in the package design. Assembly skills and methods have improved since the introduction of the package; however, damage to the silicon remains a concern. The side or top of the die continue to be exposed after dicing the wafer and the silicon continues to be at risk for chipping, cracking, and other handling damage during the assembly process. This paper introduces eWLB (embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array) /FO-WLP (fanout-WLP) and eWLCSP (encapsulated WLCSP) for its improved and advanced reliability [1], In these new packages EMC is applied to all exposed silicon surfaces on the die. The manufacturing process leverages existing high volume manufacturing methods with exceptionally high process yields. eWLB is a type of FO-WLP that has the potential to realize any number of interconnects with standard pitches at any shrink stage of the wafer node technology. For eWLCSP, the applied coating protects the silicon and fragile dielectrics to prevent handling damage during dicing and assembly operations, effectively providing a packaged part in the form factor of a WLCSP. In manufacturing process, the product wafer is thinned and diced first. The dies are then reconstituted into a wafer form and standard methods are used to apply dielectrics, thin film metals, and solder bumps. The resulting structure is identical to conventional WLCSP products with the exception of the protective sidewall coating. This paper discusses the improvement of reliability, both component level and board level (drop and Temperature Cycle on Board). The key attributes of the new package as well as the manufacturing process used to create it are to be presented. Experimental reliability data and failure mode are studied and compared to conventional WLCSP products.
Taming Mismatches in Inter-agent Distances for the Formation-Motion Control of Second-Order Agents (2017)

This paper presents the analysis on the influence of distance mismatches on the standard gradient-based rigid formation control for second-order agents. It is shown that, similar to the first-order case as recently discussed in the literature, these mismatches introduce two undesired group behaviors: A distorted final shape and a steady-state motion of the group formation. We show that such undesired behaviors can be eliminated by combining the standard formation control law with distributed estimators. Finally, we show how the mismatches can be effectively employed as design parameters in order to control a combined translational and rotational motion of the formation.
Digital Holographic Microscope Trades for Extant Life Detection Applications (2019)

Optical microscopy is one of the key technologies needed for detection of extant life on other solar system bodies. Microscopic images can be used to identify the presence of cell-like objects and discriminate probable cells from other abiotic particles of similar scale through observations of morphology. Image sequences can be used to determine particle density through observation of Brownian motion, enabling discrimination of liquid-filled vesicles from solid mineral grains; non- Brownian motion that is also inconsistent with background flow can also indicate biotic particles. Phase-sensitive imaging modes allow measurement of index of refraction and can be used to image transparent cells that might otherwise require the addition of stains. Because of the likely limited energy available for replication on the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, potential unicellular life would likely be present only at very low concentrations requiring a search through substantial volumes of material at very high resolution. We have been developing digital holographic microscopes (DHM) that addresses the need for high resolution search at low concentrations. Our DHM designs provide both the sub micrometer resolution necessary to detect the smallest forms of life and the high throughput needed to do so at very low concentrations. A significant feature of the holographic recording is that all objects in a large volume can be recorded simultaneously, without the need for focus or tracking to image individual objects. We have demonstrated two promising DHM architectures for possible use in potential future life detection missions - one using conventional optics and one using gradient index optics in a “lensless” arrangement. We compare the two designs, their trade spaces, and the features that might make each preferable for specific applications.
Silicon Carbide and Carbonitride Precursors Via the Silicon‐Silicon Bond Formation: Chemical and Electrochemical New Perspectives (1995)

Polysilacarbosilanes and polysilasilazanes prepared according to a copolymer strategy offer an easy, coherent approach to polycarbosilanes and silazanes, precursors of SiC and SiCN-based materials with variable C/Si and C/Si/N ratios. In contrast with the polysilazane route which leads, upon pyrolysis, to carbon-containing silicon nitride, the synthesized polycarbosilazanes are finally converted into nitrogen-containing silicon carbide. The formation of silicon-silicon bonds constitutes the key step in these syntheses. To avoid the use of sodium, a simple, inexpensive, and practical electrochemical technique using an undivided cell, a sacrificial anode, and a constant current density has been developed allowing a facile synthesis of di-, tri-, or polysilanes including polydimethylsilane.
Mechanical and structural consequences of associative dynamic cross-linking in acrylic diblock copolymers (2020)

The composition of low-Tg n-butylacrylate-block-(acetoxyaceto)ethyl acrylate block polymers is investigated as a strategy to tune the properties of dynamically cross-linked vinylogous urethane vitrimers. As the proportion of the cross-linkable block is increased, the thermorheological properties, structure, and stress relaxation evolve in ways that cannot be explained by increasing cross-link density alone. Evidence is presented that network connectivity defects such as loops and dangling ends are increased by microphase separation. The thermomechanical and viscoelastic properties of block copolymer-derived vitrimers arise from the subtle interplay of microphase separation and network defects.
Supplementary Tables S1-S12 from Drug-Sensitivity Screening and Genomic Characterization of 45 HPV-Negative Head and Neck Carcinoma Cell Lines for Novel Biomarkers of Drug Efficacy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Genes included in the targeted next-generation sequencing HNSCC gene panel. Table S2. Compounds (n=220) and their drug classes/targets used in the drug screen. Table S3. qPCR primers and qPCR vs GE_microarray correlation. Table S4. Drug sensitivity scores (DSS) of the 220 compounds across 45 UT-SCC HNSCC cell lines. Table S5. All coding mutations found in 45 UT-SCC HNSCC cell lines by targeted sequencing of 694 genes. Table S6. Copy number alterations (CNA) found in 45 UT-SCC HNSCC cell lines. Table S7. Association between mutations and DSS. Table S8. Significant CNA-Drug associations. Table S9. Genes whose amplification is associated with concomitant overexpression. Table S10. Genes whose deletion is associated with concomitant underexpression. Table S11. Significant CNA_gene expression_DSS integration results. Table S12. Gene signatures associated with response to mTOR, MEK and EGFR inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;
Análisis de estrategias para clasificar contenidos en foros de discusión: un caso de estudio (2015)

La información que generan las consultas realizadas en foros especializados puede ser de gran utilidad para otros usuarios que tengan problemas similares. Nuestra propuesta es capturar, mantener y analizar hilos de discusión existentes en foros técnicos para, dado un problema particular, sugerir un conjunto de soluciones exitosas en menos intentos que utilizando buscadores multipropósito tradicionales. En este trabajo se presenta una serie de casos de estudio enfocados en hilos de un foro técnico sobre el uso del lenguaje de programación Java y se analizan estrategias para clasificar dichos hilos y relacionarlos con las clases Java correspondientes.
Effects of Operating Parameters on Tetrafluoromethane Destruction by a Waterjet Gliding Arc Plasma (2011)

Tetrafluoromethane () has been used as the plasma etching and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) gas for semiconductor manufacturing processes. However, the gas need to be removed efficiently because of their strong absorption of infrared radiation and the long atmospheric lifetime which cause global warming effects. A waterjet gliding arc plasma system in which plasma is combined with the waterjet was developed to effectively produce OH radicals, resulting in efficient destruction of gas. Design factors such as electrode shape, electrode angle, gas nozzle diameter, electrode gap, and electrode length were investigated. The highest destruction of 93.4% was achieved at Arc 1 electrode shape, electrode angle, 3 mm gas nozzle diameter, 3 mm electrode gap and 120 mm electrode length.
Transformation of Rodent Fibroblasts by the Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Envelope Is Receptor Independent and Does Not Require the Surface Domain (2003)

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the etiological agent of a contagious lung cancer of sheep known as ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). Expression of the JSRV envelope protein (Env) is sufficient to transform immortalized and primary fibroblasts, but the precise mechanisms of this process are not known. The cellular receptor for JSRV is hyaluronidase 2 (Hyal-2), the product of a putative tumor suppressor gene that in humans maps to a chromosomal region frequently deleted in the development of lung and breast cancers. Here we report studies to determine whether the Hyal-2-JSRV Env interaction plays a role in virus-induced transformation of rodent fibroblasts. Chimeric Env proteins between JSRV and the unrelated murine retroviruses Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMuLV) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) showed cell surface expression comparable to that of wild-type MMuLV Env and rescued infection of MMuLV particle pseudotypes. Interestingly, an MMuLV-JSRV chimera in which the putative receptor binding domain (RBD) and proline-rich region (PRR) of JSRV Env were replaced by the RBD and PRR of MMuLV induced transformation of 208F, a rodent fibroblast line. Cell lines derived from foci of MMuLV-JSRV chimera-transformed 208F cells grew in soft agar and showed Akt activation, a hallmark of JSRV-transformed rodent fibroblasts. Transformation assays performed using proteins with amino-terminal deletion mutations showed that the carboxy-terminal 141 amino acids of the transmembrane subunit (TM) were sufficient to induce cell transformation when targeted to the membrane with a myristoylation signal. Thus, the JSRV TM is necessary and sufficient to transform rodent fibroblasts. Taken together these results indicate that the interaction with Hyal-2 at least is not an essential determinant of JSRV-induced transformation of fibroblasts and that the viral TM functions essentially as an oncoprotein.
Micro-fluidic Velocimetry by Photorefractive Novelty Filtering (2007)

We present a velocimetry technique for micro-fluidic flow investigations based on trail formation of moving objects in photorefractive novelty filters. Measurements of trails are used for the determination of velocity fields in micro-tube flows.
Identification of Selective Inhibitors of Phosphofructokinase as Lead Compounds Against Trypanosomiasis (2013)

The protist Trypansoma brucei is the causative agent of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), a disease that is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and is responsible for approximately 50,000 deaths each year worldwide. Current therapies employed to treat HAT generally suffer from poor selectivity profiles, and consequently, lead to high rates of deleterious side effects. Furthermore, growing resistance to these drugs has highlighted a need for the identification of novel therapies. The glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target in the fight against the bloodstream form of T. brucei due to the reliance of this parasite on the metabolism of glucose as its sole mechanism for the generation of adenosine triphosphates (ATP). The importance of this enzyme has been confirmed by genetic validation, and thus, its inhibition may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of HAT. Currently, no inhibitors of Tb PFK have been described that possess ideal drug-like qualities or submicromolar potency in either enzymatic or live parasite culture assays. As a result, in collaboration with Professor Malcolm Walkinshaw of the University of Edinburgh, a quantitative High Throughput Screening (qHTS) campaign was initiated at the NIH Chemical Genomics Center to identify novel small molecule inhibitors of Tb PFK. The primary screen utilized a firefly luciferase-coupled assay specifically designed to monitor the production of ADP in the kinase reaction. This work, together with subsequent medicinal chemistry efforts, has identified a novel small molecule inhibitor (ML251) of Tb PFK, which is described herein to possess potent activity in enzymatic assays (IC50 = 370 nM) and toxicity against cultured T. brucei (ED50 = 16.3 ï­M). This compound has been subjected to a panel of in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) assays and delivers a promising profile in this respect. Finally, cytotoxicity evaluations against MRC-5 human lung fibroblast cells and KB-3-1 HeLa cells, in addition to assessment against purified Bacillus stearothermophilus PFK, indicate that ML251 displays a high degree of selectivity for the targeted enzyme
High-electron mobility P-doped polycrystalline GeSn layers formed on insulators at low temperatures (2023)

Despite its long history, synthesizing n-type polycrystalline Ge layers with high-electron mobility on insulating substrates has been difficult. Based on our recently developed solid-phase crystallization technology, here, we have demonstrated the highest recorded electron mobility (450 cm2 V−1 s−1) for Ge-based polycrystalline thin films on insulating substrates. The underlayer type and small amount of Sn addition were the key parameters controlling both the density and barrier height of the grain boundaries in the P-doped polycrystalline Ge layers. The low growth temperature (≤400 °C) allowed us to develop a GeSn layer on a heat-resistant polyimide film, which exhibited the highest electron mobility (200 cm2 V−1 s−1), as a semiconductor thin film synthesized directly on a flexible substrate. These achievements herald the development of high-performance polycrystalline Ge-based devices on inexpensive glass and flexible plastic substrates.
THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE TEACHING-RESEARCH OF ANATOMY IN MEDICINE IN CANADA (2023)

None
Ginzburg-Landau theory of crystalline anisotropy for bcc-liquid interfaces (2006)

The weak anisotropy of the interfacial free energy $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is a crucial parameter influencing dendritic crystal growth morphologies in systems with atomically rough solid-liquid interfaces. The physical origin and quantitative prediction of this anisotropy are investigated for body-centered-cubic (bcc) forming systems using a Ginzburg-Landau theory where the order parameters are the amplitudes of density waves corresponding to principal reciprocal lattice vectors. We find that this theory predicts the correct sign ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{100}&gt;{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{110}$ and magnitude $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{100}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{110})∕({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{100}+{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{110})\ensuremath{\approx}1%$ of this anisotropy in good agreement with the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for Fe. The results show that the directional dependence of the rate of spatial decay of solid density waves into the liquid, imposed by the crystal structure, is a main determinant of anisotropy. This directional dependence is validated by MD computations of density wave profiles for different reciprocal lattice vectors for {110} crystal faces. Our results are contrasted with the prediction of the reverse ordering ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{100}&lt;{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{110}$ from an earlier formulation of Ginzburg-Landau theory [Shih et al., Phys. Rev. A 35, 2611 (1987)].