gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Bonding Properties of Cubic III-Nitride Semiconductors (2000)

We report on the chemical trends of the physical quantities of cubic III nitrides obtained from first-principles calculations on the basis of the density functional theory within the local density approximation. The results are compared to experimental results of the element semiconductors including diamond, and of III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors. It has been found that (a) BN has strong covalent character comparable to diamond, (b) the chemical bonding properties of AlN and GaN are located in the intermediate between that of other III-V and II-VI materials, and (c) the bond angle of InN is easy to bend more than the other typical III-V, II-VI, and I-VII materials.
High Resolution ECG for Evaluation of Heart Function During Exposure to Subacute Hypobaric Hypoxia (2010)

High altitude climbing presents a wide spectrum of health risks, including exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Risks are also typically exacerbated by the difficulty in appropriately monitoring for early signs of organ dysfunction in remote areas. We investigated whether high resolution advanced ECG analysis might be helpful as a non-invasive and easy-to-use tool (e.g., instead of Doppler echocardiography) for evaluating early signs of heart overload in hypobaric hypoxia. Nine non-acclimatized healthy trained alpine rescuers (age 43.7 plus or minus 7.3 years) climbed in four days to the altitude of 4,200 m on Mount Ararat. Five-minute high-resolution 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded (Cardiosoft) in each subject at rest in the supine position on different days but at the same time of day at four different altitudes: 400 m (reference altitude), 1,700 m, 3,200 m and 4,200 m. Changes in conventional and advanced resting ECG parameters, including in beat-to-beat QT and RR variability, waveform complexity, signal-averaged, high-frequency and spatial/spatiotemporal ECG was estimated by calculation of the regression coefficients in independent linear regression models. A p-value of less than 0.05 was adopted as statistically significant. As expected, the RR interval and its variability both decreased with increasing altitude, with trends k = -96 ms/1000 m with p = 0.000 and k = -9 ms/1000 m with p = 0.001, respectively. Significant changes were found in P-wave amplitude, which nearly doubled from the lowest to the highest altitude (k = 41.6 microvolt/1000 m with p = 0.000), and nearly significant changes in P-wave duration (k = 2.9 ms/1000 m with p = 0.059). Changes were less significant or non-significant in other studied parameters including those of waveform complexity, signal-averaged, high-frequency and spatial/spatiotemporal ECG. High resolution ECG analysis, particularly of the P wave, shows promise as a tool for monitoring early changes in heart function due to exposure to high altitude.
P3‐216: White matter lesion load is associated with resting state fMRI activity in mild cognitive impairment patients (2012)

White matter lesions in aging population often represent microvascular ischemic changes or demyelination and are considered as a possible early risk factor of cognitive impairment (Malgorzata et al., Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2007;3:54-57). In this study, we compare the white matter lesion volumes and RS-fMRI changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and control (CT) groups; and then we investigated the correlation between white matter lesion volume and functional connectivity and activity changes using resting state fMRI (RS-fMRI) in MCI patients. 17 MCI patients (age: 76.7±5.5 years, MMSE score: 24-28) and 14 age-matched healthy normal aging controls (age: 76.3±8.25 years) from ADNI database (http://adni.loni.ucla.edu) were used in this study. Based on RS-fMRI data (TR = 3sec, 3.3mm isotropic spatial resolution with 48 slices and 140 volumes), default mode network (DMN) was generated with seed placed in both areas of medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices. In addition, fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was also obtained with band-pass filtering and summarizing over 0.005-0.1Hz band and scaling to the whole band in the frequency domain to remove white and physiological noise (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/fcon_1000). White matter hyper-intensity lesions from MRI T2-weighted FLAIR images scanned within 3 months of RS-fMRI acquisition were segmented semi-automatically (manual outlining with white matter constraints) using the FireVoxel software (Mikheev et al. J MRI. 2008;27:1235-1241) for all subjects. A variable-degree of peri-ventricular and frontal white matter lesions in both MCI patients and controls was identified. The white matter lesion load (WMLL) was significantly higher (P<0.001) in MCI patients (12.88±7.47 mL) compared to controls (5.15±2.41 mL). RS-fMRI results showed significantly reduced (corrected P<0.05) DMN connectivity in the medial prefrontal areas in MCI group; and reduced fALFF activity in the temporal cortex (Figure 1A). We also found significant correlations between WMLL and DMN connectivity reductions (r=0.56, P=0.02), and between the WMLL and fALFF reductions (r=0.63, P=0.01) in MCI patients (Figure 1B).
The squirrel as a rodent model of the human visual system (2006)

Over the last 50 years, studies of receptive fields in the early mammalian visual system have identified many classes of response properties in brain areas such as retina, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and primary visual cortex (V1). Recently, there has been significant interest in understanding the cellular and network mechanisms that underlie these visual responses and their functional architecture. Small mammals like rodents offer many advantages for such studies, because they are appropriate for a wide variety of experimental techniques. However, the traditional rodent models, mice and rats, do not rely heavily on vision and have small visual brain areas. Squirrels are highly visual rodents that may be excellent model preparations for understanding mechanisms of function and disease in the human visual system. They use vision for navigating in their environment, predator avoidance, and foraging for food. Visual brain areas such as LGN, V1, superior colliculus, and pulvinar are particularly large and well elaborated in the squirrel, and the squirrel has several extrastriate cortical areas lateral to V1. Unlike many mammals, most squirrel species are diurnal with cone-dominated retinas, similar to the primate fovea, and have excellent dichromatic color vision that is mediated by green and blue cones. Owing to their larger size, squirrels are physiologically more robust than mice and rats under anesthesia, and some hibernating species are particularly tolerant of hypoxia that occurs during procedures such as brain slicing. Finally, many basic anatomical and physiological properties in the early visual system of squirrel have now been described, permitting investigations of cellular mechanisms. In this article, we review four decades of anatomical, behavioral, and physiological studies in squirrel and make comparisons with other species.
Anti-<i>Vibrio cholerae</i> responses in the human periphery and intestine following a live-attenuated vaccine (2020)

Abstract Vibrio cholerae is a prototypical mucosal pathogen that causes cholera, a severe diarrheal disease. Cholera affects an estimated 3 to 5 million people annually, resulting in over 100,000 deaths. Infection leads to serotype-specific immunity that can last for up to ten years. Immunity is likely mediated by intestinal antibodies, which primarily target the immunodominant antigens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cholera toxin (CT). However, how immunity is generated and maintained is not well understood. Here we have used the live-attenuated cholera vaccine, Vaxchora, to characterize the primary immune response in both the periphery and the human duodenum. Previously, this vaccine showed 80% protective efficacy 90 days after vaccination of naïve volunteers, and induced early antibody responses in levels similar to infection. We developed new technology to identify and characterize V. cholerae-specific plasmablasts and plasma cells by flow cytometry, and found that antigen-specific plasmablasts in peripheral blood quickly expand and upregulate mucosal trafficking markers CCR9 and CCR10. These B cells either develop locally or home to the small intestine, where anti-LPS and anti-CT antibody-secreting cells are present by day 28. Surprisingly, our preliminary data shows that vaccinees may exhibit robust anti-CT responses in the duodenum even when peripheral anti-CT antibody secreting cells are not detected, which provides novel insight into the generation of sustained protection. These data will help us understand not only protective immunity to V. cholerae, but also how the human mucosal plasma cell compartment is developed and maintained.
Direct Evidence of Ion Diffusion for the Silver‐Electrode‐Induced Thermal Degradation of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently demonstrated high efficiencies of over 22%, but the thermal stability is still a major challenge for commercialization. In this work, the thermal degradation process of the inverted structured PSCs induced by the silver electrode is thoroughly investigated. Elemental depth profiles indicate that iodide and methylammonium ions diffuse through the electron‐trasnporting layer and accumulate at the Ag inner surface. The driving force of forming AgI then facilitates the ions extraction. Variations on the morphology and current mapping of the MAPbI 3 thin films upon thermal treatment reveal that the loss of ions occurs at the grain boundaries and leads to the reconstruction of grain domains. Consequently, the deteriorated MAPbI 3 thin film, the poor electron extraction, and the generation of AgI barrier result in the degradation of efficiencies. These direct evidences provide in‐depth understanding of the effect of thermal stress on the devices, offering both experimental support and theoretical guidance for the improvement on the thermal stability of the inverted PSCs.
Effects of chronic treatment with 1-sulpiride and haloperidol on central dopamine turnover evaluated in dopamine cell body and nerve terminal-rich areas. (1980)

Catecholamine levels and turnover have been analyzed in DA cell body and in terminal-rich areas of the midbrain, diencephalon, and forebrain 48 hr following a 2-week treatment with l-sulpiride and haloperidol. At this time interval behavioral supersensitivity to DA agonists has been demonstrated. No changes in DA turnover are found in the DA cell body groups A9 and A10 or in various DA terminals of forebrain, with a possible exception for the diffuse type of DA terminals in the tuberculum olfactorium where a reduction of DA turnover rate is observed. In the median eminence of the l-sulpiride-treated group, however, DA turnover increases are observed. It is suggested that the lack of amine turnover changes in most of the DA terminal systems of the brain is related to the development of DA receptor supersensitivity in both striatal and limbic areas, balancing the DA receptor blocking activity of the neuroleptic drugs still present in the tissue of the brain.
Ölfettsäremodifizierte wäßrige Polymethacrylatdispersionen (1993)

Abstract Wäßrige Anstrichsysteme setzen sich in zunehmendem Maße durch. Als eine Entwicklungsvariante für diesbezüglich geeignete Bindemittel kommen autoxidativ vernet zende Polymethacfrylatdispersionen in Betracht. Es werden wesentliche Schritte der Synthese derartiger Dispersionen un dcharakteristische Eigenschaften auchvon Beschichtungen vorgestellt. Die Ölfettsäurestruktureinheiten sind im Schalenbereich der disperigierten Teilchen angereichert, und sie befinden sich außerden zu etwa 30% in der wäßrigen Phase als Substituenten eines löslichen Copolymeren.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in π-Donor-Capped Zn(II) Porphyrins and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘-Dimethyl-4,4‘-bipyridinium Supramolecular Assemblies (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionPhotoinduced Electron Transfer in π-Donor-Capped Zn(II) Porphyrins and N,N'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium Supramolecular AssembliesEvgeny Kaganer, Ernesto Joselevich, Itamar Willner, Zhangpin Chen, Maxwell J. Gutner, Throne P. Gayness, and Martin R. JohnsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 32, 6304Publication Date (Web):July 15, 1998Publication History Published online15 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp981818yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jp981818ycorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (5 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A variable-offset phase detector for phased-array applications (2006)

A phase feedback architecture is proposed which allows the phase of each path in a multiple antenna system to be set quickly and accurately. The feedback action of the proposed system will adjust the phase to compensate for errors caused by changes in operating conditions. The central component of the proposed architecture is a variable-offset phase detector. An architecture for this block is presented, which uses a digital input to achieve programmable phase offsets from 0deg to 180deg. The circuit has been simulated in 0.18 mum CMOS technology, and its operation has been demonstrated at frequencies up to 3 GHz with a power consumption of 0.95 mW
A Strategic Copper Plating Method Without Annealing Process (2009)

An improved copper (Cu) process with a plating current strategy was used to stabilize the residual stress and suppress the void formation. The Cu grain size was inversely proportional to the amplitude of the plating current in the electroplated process, and it dominated the density of the grain boundary due to the aggregation of Cu grain. Therefore, the elimination of the grain boundaries happens in the first thermal cycle and generates a tensile residual stress. The electroplated process by the improved plating current strategy was presented to produce various grain sizes to enhance the interface packing density of the Cu film. This result leads to a higher density of the grain boundaries and is helpful to the grain growth only through the effect of Cu self-annealing. The residual stress maintains a stable value without the thermal treatment. This plating method strategy presents a reliable Cu interconnect process without considering the change in the residual stress.
Curative Effects of Limited Open Locking Plate in Treating Tibiofibular Fracture (2011)

Objective:To investigate the treatment of two different fixation methods for the clinical effect of tibiofibular fractures.Methods: using two different fixations for fracture of 105 cases with different types,including the ordinary group of 56 patients,49 patients in the limited open reduction group,analysis of fracture union,soft tissue conditions after surgery.Results:To follow up 3-18 months,mean 11 months.There are significant differences in the fracture union rate of 12 weeks and possibility of necrosis of the skin between the two groups(P0.05).The possibility of necrosis of skin in the limited open reduction group was smaller than the ordinary group.Fracture union rate of 12 weeks in the limited open group was significantly higher than the ordinary group.Conclusion: The limited open reduction internal fixation with locking plate technology is conducive to healing,is an effective method of treatment of fractures of tibiofibula.
Using Model Substrates To Study the Dependence of Focal Adhesion Formation on the Affinity of Integrin−Ligand Complexes (2004)

The adhesion of mammalian cells is mediated by the binding of cell-surface integrin receptors to peptide ligands from the extracellular matrix and the clustering of these receptors into focal adhesion complexes. This paper examines the effect of one mechanistic variable, ligand affinity, on the assembly of focal adhesions (FAs) in order to gain mechanistic insight into this process. This study uses self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold as a substrate to present either a linear or cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide at identical densities. Inhibition assays showed that the immobilized cyclic RGD is a higher affinity ligand than linear RGD. 3T3 Swiss fibroblasts attached to substrates presenting the cyclic peptide at twice the rate they attached to substrates presenting the linear peptide. Quantitation of focal adhesions revealed that cells on cyclic RGD had twice the number of FAs as did cells on linear RGD and that these focal adhesions were on average smaller. These findings show that affinity affects the assembly of integrins into focal adhesions and support a model based on competing rates of nucleation and growth of FAs to explain the change in distribution of FAs with ligand affinity. This study is important because it provides a model system that is well-suited for biophysical studies of integrin-mediated cell adhesion and reveals insight into one mechanism utilized by cells to perceive environmental changes.
Lanthanide(<scp>iii</scp>) and group 13 metal ion complexes of tripodal amino phosphinate ligands (2005)

The tripodal amino-phosphinate ligands, tris(4-(phenylphosphinato)-3-benzyl-3-azabutyl)amine (H(3)ppba.2HCl.H(2)O) and tris(4-(phenylphosphinato)-3-azabutyl)amine (H(3)ppa.HCl.H(2)O) were synthesized and reacted with Al(3+), Ga(3+), In(3+) and the lanthanides (Ln(3+)). At 2 : 1 H(3)ppba to metal ratios, complexes of the type [M(H(3)ppba)(2)](3+)(M = Al(3+), Ga(3+), In(3+), Ho(3+)-Lu(3+)) were isolated. The bicapped [Ga(H(3)ppba)(2)](NO(3))(2)Cl.3CH(3)OH was structurally characterized and was shown indirectly by various techniques to be isostructural with the other [M(H(3)ppba)(2)](3+) complexes. Also, at 2 : 1 H(3)ppba to metal ratios, complexes of the type [M(H(4)ppba)(2)](5+)(M = La(3+)-Tb(3+)) were characterized, and the X-ray structure of [Gd(H(4)ppba)(2)](NO(3))(4)Cl.3CH(3)OH was determined. At 1 : 1 H(3)ppba to metal ratios, complexes of the type [M(H(4)ppba)](4+)(M = La(3+)-Er(3+)) were isolated and characterized. Elemental analysis and spectroscopic evidence supported the formation of a 1 : 1 monocapped complex. Reaction of 1 : 1 ratios of H(3)ppa with Ln(3+) and In(3+) yielded complexes of the type [M(H(3)ppa)](3+)(M = La(3+)-Yb(3+)) but with Ga(3+), complex of the type [Ga(ppa)].3H(2)O was obtained. Reaction of 1 : 1 ratios of H(3)ppa with Ln(3+) and In(3+) yielded complexes of the type [M(H(3)ppa)](3+)(M = La(3+)-Yb(3+)) but with Ga(3+) a neutral complex [Ga(ppa)].3H(2)O was obtained. The formation of an encapsulated 1 : 1 complex is supported by elemental analysis and spectroscopic evidence.
Automated Extractions for Machine Generated Mail (2018)

Mail extraction is a critical task whose objective is to extract valuable data from the content of mail messages. This task is key for many types of applications including re-targeting, mail search, and mail summarization, which utilize the important personal data pieces in mail messages to achieve their objectives. We focus on machine generated traffic, which comprises most of the Web mail traffic today, and use its structured and large-scale repetitive nature to devise a fully automated extraction method. Our solution builds on an advanced structural clustering technique previously presented by some of the authors of this work. The heart of our solution is an offline process that leverages the structural mail-specific characteristics of the clustering, and automatically creates extraction rules that are later applied online for each new arriving message. We provide of a full description of our process, which has been productized in Yahoo mail backend. We complete our work with large-scale experiments carried over real Yahoo mail traffic, and evaluate the performance of our automatic extraction method.
Low-Temperature Electrical Performance of PureB Photodiodes Revealing Al-Metallization-Related Degradation of Dark Currents (2021)

Pure boron (PureB) deposition as the anode region of Si photodiodes creates negative fixed charge at the boron/silicon interface, which is responsible for effective suppression of electron injection from the bulk, thus ensuring low saturation/dark current densities. This mechanism is shown here to remain effective when PureB diodes, fabricated at 700 °C, are operated at cryogenic temperatures down to 100 K. Although the PureB junctions were only a few nanometers deep, they displayed the same current-voltage ( I- V) characteristics as conventional deep diffused p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -n junction diodes in the whole temperature range and also maintained ideality factors close to n = 1. Al-contacting was found to reveal process-related defects in the form of anomalous high current regions giving kinks in the I- V characteristics, often only visible at low temperatures. They were identified as minute Al-Si Schottky junctions with an effective barrier height of ~0.65 ± 0.05 eV. In PureB single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), Al-Si perimeter defects appeared but did not affect the breakdown voltage characteristics set by implicit guard rings. Low series resistance required thin B-layers that promoted tunneling. In particular, for such thin layers, avoiding Al-related degradation puts stringent requirements on wafer cleaning and window etch procedures.
Optical Spectra of Delocalized Dinitroaromatic Radical Anions Revisited (2005)

The optical spectra of nine dinitroaromatic radical anions (1,2- and 1,4-dinitrobenzene, 1,5- and 2,6-dinitro naphthalene, 4,4'-dinitrobiphenyl, 2,7-dinitro-9,9-dimethylfluorene, 2,6-dinitroanthracene, and 2,7- and 1,8-dinitrobiphenylene) in dimethylformamide are reported and analyzed. All have delocalized charge distribution, as demonstrated by the vibrational fine structure that is observed in their optical spectra: All show lowest energy absorption bands that correspond to an alpha-homo (highest occupied molecular orbital) to alpha-lumo (lowest unoccupied) transition, as shown by Koopmans-based UB3LYP calculation of the orbital separation of the neutral at the geometry of the radical anion. These single-point calculations are shown to be significantly more accurate for five of these compounds than the much more complex and expensive TD-DFT method. The two-state model should not be used to estimate the electronic coupling in delocalized intervalence compounds such as these. Neighboring orbital estimation of the electronic couplings show that using the two-state model greatly underestimates electronic coupling here.
Electrochemical Research on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Phosphorous Deoxidized Copper Tube (2021)

テトラアンミン銅イオンを含むアンモニア溶液にC-リング試験片を浸漬した．リン脱酸銅管の応力腐食割れのメカニズムを電気化学的に調査するため，腐食電位と分極曲線の測定を行った．腐食電位が約10時間後に急上昇する現象がみられた．電位の急上昇が起きた試料は変色皮膜が形成され，SCCが発生していた．電位-pH図より，浸漬試験のあいだに試料の安定域はジアンミン銅イオンから水酸化銅へと移行していることが分かった．常にジアンミン銅イオンが安定である領域にあるとSCCは発生せず試料は溶解を続けることが明らかとなった．