gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photon-Pair Parasites: Menace or Nuisance? (2019)

Summary form only given. Sources of indistinguishable single photons are a key component of many optical quantum systems such as linear optical quantum computers [1] or quantum communication [2]. Spontaneous four-wave mixing is a promising method for in-fiber photon-pair generation with tailored spectral properties. However, a number of parasitic effects can negatively influence the quality of photons heralded from the pair. In this work, we investigate the impact on the quantum purity of heralded photons of arguably the three most important effects: nonlinear phase modulation (NPM), higher-order dispersion (HOD) and dispersion fluctuations (DF) along the fiber leading to variations in phase matching. For the first time, we directly compare two schemes under each of these effects. The first is the asymmetric scheme in which one of the quantum fields is group-velocity matched to the single pump field while the other walks off [3]. The second is the symmetric collision scheme, which uses two pump fields with different group velocities that pass through each other with each of the two quantum fields copropagating with one of the pumps [4]. In all calculations presented here, we use identical Gaussian pumps ∝ exp[-t <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(2T <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> )] with T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 1 ps and a group-slowness difference of Δβ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> = 1 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> s/m between all non-copropagating fields. For both schemes we include the effect of NPM using analytical time-domain models [4,5] and choose a high generation probability of R= 0.2 to illustrate the impact. The effect of HOD is included with a novel analytical model for the asymmetric scheme and a numerical split-step method [5] for the collision scheme with all fields experiencing group-velocity dispersion of β <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> = 50 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-26</sup> 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /m. Lastly, the effect of DFs is investigated using a Brownian-motion model for the phase-matching frequency [6] with a standard deviation σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ω</sub> = 0.5/T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> and a correlation length in fluctuations of 10 cm.
The role of preoperative neck ultrasounds to assess lymph nodes in patients with suspicious or indeterminate thyroid nodules (2011)

Thyroid nodule microcalcifications on ultrasound and category of FNAB appear to be the best predictors of metastatic disease. Because the surgical approach was altered in only a few patients, further analysis is needed to delineate whether performing cervical ultrasound for suspicious/indeterminate nodules is cost effective.
Abstract P1048: Dual Myristic Acid And Trans Activator Of Transcription Conjugated Peptide Facilitates Delivery Of Protein Kinase C Beta II Peptide Inhibitor To Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2022)

Peptides conjugated to myristic acid (myr) or trans activator of transcription (tat) have long been used to increase cell permeability via simple diffusion and endocytosis, respectively. Previously myr-PKCβII inhibitor (myr-PKCβII-) exerted cardioprotective effects in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and inhibited superoxide (SO) release from rat leukocytes by 40% (20 μM). By contrast, dual conjugated myr-tat-PKCβII inhibitor (myr-tat-PKCβII-) inhibited SO release by 90% at the same concentration. The purpose of this study was to determine the potency of myr-tat-PKCβII- compared to myr-PKCβII- in mitigating infarct size and restoring cardiac function in an ex-vivo rat model of myocardial I/R injury. Isolated hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats (~300g) were subjected to global I(30-min)/R(50-min) . Left ventricular cardiac function was recorded using a pressure transducer. Treatments were infused during the first 5 min of R. After R, the hearts were sectioned (2 mm) from base to apex and stained with 1% triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Infarcted tissue was excised to determine infarct size (i.e. infarct tissue weight/ total tissue weight). Data were analyzed using ANOVA Fisher’s LSD analysis. Compared to untreated controls (23.2±3.1%, n=17), myr-tat-PKCβII- exerted a significant and similar decrease in infarct size that was observed from 100 nM (9.7±0.59%, n=3, p&lt;0.05), 1 nM (10.0±2.3%, n=5, p&lt;0.05), to 100 pM (12.6±2.3%, n=5, p&lt;0.05); but not at 10 nM (13.8±3.6%, n=5). Cardiac function for all treatment groups did not significantly improve from control. However, at 100pM (1070±170 mmHg/s), +dP/dt max was significantly improved compared to all other treatment groups (p&lt;0.05). The addition of myr to tat-conjugated peptides improved the cardioprotective effects ~200-fold compared to myr-PKCβII- and ~2000-fold compared to native peptide presumably by enhanced intracellular delivery of cargo. The ~50% reduction in infarct size suggests that myr-tat-PKCβII- is cardioprotective in I/R. Future studies will test our most effective dose determined in ex vivo hearts to restore post-reperfusion cardiac function combined with significant cardiac salvaging effect (reduced infarct size) in a porcine myocardial I/R model.
Witness encryption and its applications (2013)

We put forth the concept of witness encryption. A witness encryption scheme is defined for an NP language L (with corresponding witness relation R). In such a scheme, a user can encrypt a message M to a particular problem instance x to produce a ciphertext. A recipient of a ciphertext is able to decrypt the message if x is in the language and the recipient knows a witness w where R(x,w) holds. However, if x is not in the language, then no polynomial-time attacker can distinguish between encryptions of any two equal length messages. We emphasize that the encrypter himself may have no idea whether $x$ is actually in the language. Our contributions in this paper are threefold. First, we introduce and formally define witness encryption. Second, we show how to build several cryptographic primitives from witness encryption. Finally, we give a candidate construction based on the NP-complete Exact Cover problem and Garg, Gentry, and Halevi's recent construction of "approximate" multilinear maps.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and magneto-optical Kerr effect of vapor-deposited Co/Pt-layered structures (1989)

We prepared by vapor deposition at room temperature thin (500 Å) Co/Pt multilayers or layered structures directly onto glass or Si substrates. They show a preferential magnetization perpendicular to the film plane for Co thicknesses below 12 Å and a 100% perpendicular remanence for Co thicknesses below 4.5 Å. The magnetic anisotropy can be explained by an interface contribution to the anisotropy. We also investigated the magneto-optical (MO) polar Kerr effect of these multilayers. Because of their excellent magnetic properties and their potentially high oxidation and corrosion resistance, these Co/Pt-layered structures are very promising candidates for MO recording. The Kerr rotation θk at λ=820 nm for a 35×(4.0 Å Co+12.7 Å Pt)-layered structure, which has 100% magnetic remanence, is modest (−0.12°), but the reflectivity R is high (70%), which results in a respectable figure of merit Rθ2k. Furthermore, the Kerr effect increases towards shorter wavelengths and thus favors future higher-density recording.
alpha 2 Macroglobulin binding to the plasma membrane of cultured fibroblasts. Diffuse binding followed by clustering in coated regions. (1979)

Using transmission electron microscopy, we have studied the interaction of alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2 M) with the surface of cultured fibroblasts. When cells were incubated for 2 h at 4 degrees C with ferritin-conjugated alpha 2 M, approximately 90% of the alpha 2 M was diffusely distributed on the cell surface, and the other 10% was concentrated in "coated" pits. A pattern of diffuse labeling with some clustering in "coated" pits was also obtained when cells were incubated for 5 min at 4 degrees C with alpha 2 M, fixed with glutaraldehyde, and the alpha 2 M was localized with affinity-purified, peroxidase-labeled antibody to alpha 2 M. Experiments in which cells were fixed with 0.2% paraformaldehyde before incubation with alpha 2 M showed that the native distribution of alpha 2 M receptors was entirely diffuse without significant clustering in "coated" pits. This indicates that some redistribution of the alpha 2 M-receptor complexes into clusters occurred even at 4 degrees C. In experiments with concanavalin A(Con A), we found that some of the Con A clustered in coated regions of the membrane and was internalized in coated vesicles, but much of the Con A was directly internalized in uncoated vesicles or pinosomes. We conclude that unoccupied alpha 2 M receptors are diffusely distributed on the cell surface. When alpha 2 M-receptor complexes are formed, they rapidly cluster in coated regions or pits in the plasma membrane and subsequently are internalized in coated vesicles. Because insulin and epidermal growth factor are internalized in the same structures as alpha 2 M (Maxfield, F.R., J. Schlessinger, Y. Schechter, I. Pastan, and M.C. Willingham. 1978. Cell, 14: 805--810.), we suggest that all peptide hormones, as well as other proteins that enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis, follow this same pathway.
A Transcriptomic and Proteomic Atlas of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Cynomolgus Monkeys (2021)

ABSTRACT Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain major global healthcare challenges and developing therapeutics necessitate using nonhuman primate models. Here, we present transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of all the major organs of cynomolgus monkeys with spontaneous obesity or T2D in comparison to healthy controls. Molecular changes occur predominantly in the adipose tissues of individuals with obesity, while extensive expression perturbations among T2D individuals are observed in many tissues, such as the liver, kidney, brain, and heart. Immune response-related pathways are upregulated in obesity and T2D, whereas metabolism and mitochondrial pathways are downregulated. Incorporating human single-cell RNA sequencing findings corroborates the role of macrophages and monocytes in obesity. Moreover, we highlight some potential therapeutic targets including SLC2A1 and PCSK1 in obesity as well as SLC30A8 and SLC2A2 in T2D. Our findings provide insights into tissue-specific molecular foundations of obesity and T2D and reveal the mechanistic links between these two metabolic disorders.
Jasmonate-status and transcriptional regulation in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae) (2012)

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae) is one of the most important medicinal plants worldwide given that the alkaloids naturally present in this species had been used for more than 40 years due to their potent anti-tumor activities. Consequently, it became one of the best-studied medicinal plants and it has served as a model system for biotechnological studies on plant secondary metabolism. To these days, the leaves of this species remain as the only natural source of 130 terpenoid-indole alkaloids (TIA's), such as the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, administered as single agents or in combination therapy for several neoplasms, and the antihypertensive compounds like serpentine and ajmalicine. Here we describe a targeted metabolomic approach for the elucidation of alkaloid, fatty acid and jasmonate derivatives status, as well as the gene expression, involved in the biosynthetical response after the elicitation of cell suspension cultures with jasmonic acid, a lipid-derived phytohormone. Fatty acids were separated and identified as methyl esters by GC-MS. This allowed the quantification of saturated and unsaturated species ranging from C10:0 to C24:0. The major fatty acids found were palmitic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, being the saturated acids predominant over the unsaturated ones. The analysis of TIA's was performed by HPLC-DAD, which allowed the identification of 13 different TIA's like serpentine, tabersonine, strictosidine and catharanthine and were further confirmed by LC-MS.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Oligometastasis (2016)

Oligometastasis refers to a state of limited metastatic disease burden, in which surgical or ablative treatment to all known visible metastases holds promise to extend survival or even effect cure. Stereotactic body radiotherapy is a form of radiation treatment capable of delivering a high biologically effective dose of radiation in a highly conformal manner, with a favorable toxicity profile. Enthusiasm for oligometastasis ablation, however, should be counterbalanced against the limited supporting evidence. It remains unknown to what extent (if any) ablation influences survival or quality of life. Rising clinical equipoise necessitates the completion of randomized controlled trials to assess this, several of which are underway. However, a lack of clear identification criteria or biomarkers to define the oligometastatic state hampers optimal patient selection.This narrative review explores the evolutionary origins of oligometastasis, the steps of the metastatic process at which oligometastases may arise, and the biomolecular mediators of this state. It discusses clinical outcomes with treatment of oligometastases, ongoing trials, and areas of basic and translational research that may lead to novel biomarkers. These efforts should provide a clearer, biomolecular definition of oligometastatic disease and aid in the accurate selection of patients for ablative therapies.
Error statistics in data transmission over fading channels (1998)

We investigate the behavior of block errors which arise in data transmission on fading channels. Our approach takes into account the details of the specific coding/modulation scheme and tracks the fading process symbol by symbol. It is shown that a Markov approximation for the block error process (possibly degenerating into an identically distributed (i.i.d.) process for sufficiently fast fading) is a good model for a broad range of parameters. Also, it is observed that the relationship between the marginal error rate and the transition probability is largely insensitive to parameters such as block length, degree of forward error correction and modulation format, and depends essentially on an appropriately normalized version of the Doppler frequency. This relationship can therefore be computed in the simple case of a threshold model and then used more generally as an accurate approximation. This observation leads to a unified approach for the channel modeling, and to a simplified performance analysis of upper layer protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Immobilized Cobalt(III) Oxidation Catalyst. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human Tyrosine Hydroxylase Natural Genetic Variation (2010)

We conclude that common genetic variants in the proximal TH promoter, especially at C-824T and A-581G, are functional in cella and alter transcription so as to explain promoter marker-on-trait associations in vivo. MEF2, FOXD1, and SRY contribute to functional differences in C-824T expression, whereas SP1, AP2, and EGR1 mediate those of A-581G. The SRY effect on TH transcription suggests a mechanism whereby male and female sex may differ in sympathetic activity and hence blood pressure. These results point to new strategies for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention into disorders of human autonomic function and their cardiovascular consequences.
Abstract 17272: Ionic Current Remodeling Delays the Electrical Recovery of the Senescent Heart (2014)

Cardiac aging is associated with lengthening of the QT interval, a condition that enhances malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. The aim of this study was to establish whether ionic currents are altered in old myocytes contributing to the protracted electrical recovery of the senescent heart. Thus, mice at 3-30 months of age were studied by ECG and patch-clamp; these physiological determinations were complemented with molecular assays for the analysis of ion channel proteins. By surface ECG and telemetry system, PR, QRS and QT intervals were prolonged in mice at 25 months or older. These delays were maintained in ex-vivo Langendorff preparations. In comparison to young, epicardial monophasic action potential (AP) duration at 50% and 90% repolarization were 1.6- and 1.2-fold larger in old LV, respectively. Moreover, senescent hearts presented a 60% higher incidence of arrhythmias. In isolated myocytes, prolongation of the early (+47%), intermediate (+117%) and late (+75%) repolarization phases of the AP were identified in cells from old animals, whereas resting membrane potential, upstroke amplitude and +dV/dt were preserved. Voltage-clamp experiments were then performed to measure ionic current properties. The rapidly activating K+ current, which consists of the transient outward and ultrarapid delayed rectifier (Ito+Kur), is responsible for the early repolarization of the AP, and was significantly reduced in old myocytes. Molecular studies revealed low levels of transcripts and proteins for K+ channel subunits Kv1.4, Kv1.5 and KChiP2 in senescent cells. Also, the late Na+ current INaL, which presents slow inactivation kinetics and is operative during AP repolarization, was 1.5-fold larger in old cells. These changes were associated with alterations in gene and protein expression of Na+ channel subunits. Inhibition of INaL with mexiletine significantly shortened the intermediate and late repolarization phases of the AP in both myocytes and perfused myocardium from old mice. Importantly, INaL inhibition in vivo shortened the QT interval of senescent mice by 12%. Thus, defects in ionic current occur with aging resulting in prolongation of the AP and delays in electrical recovery which may lead to malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
Compact Active Multiband Cellular Antenna for Mobile Handsets (2007)

A small active controllable cellular antenna for mobile phones has been designed and evaluated. With a switch on top of the radiator different frequency bands can be chosen. The antenna is based on a dual band IFA design but number of bands are increased to four. Two different radiator branches can be activated by the switch which results in a frequency shift. In one state the antenna covers the GSM 850 MHz and 1800 MHz bands and in the other state the GSM 900 MHz and 1900 MHz bands are covered. This means the antenna size is same as a dual band antenna but it covers four frequency bands. Size is 38times7times1 mm. Adding active circuits to an antenna to achieve frequency control normally results in high losses and low gain antenna. With this solution the performance remains and radiation efficiency (gain) is very high and similar to a passive antenna
Regulation of cathepsin E expression during human B cell differentiation <i>in vitro</i> (1996)

Cathepsin E is an aspartic proteinase which has been implicated in antigen processing in the class II major histocompatibility complex pathway. In this study we show that cathepsin E, measured at both the protein and message level, is up-regulated late in human B cell activation. The implications of this observation in terms of cathepsin E function are discussed.
KHV Indexing Cam Mechanism: A New Intermittent Mechanism (2005)

The KHV indexing cam mechanism is a new type intermittent mechanism that has a structure similar to the KHV planetary gear transmission (one type of the planetary drive with small teeth difference, where K indicates the sun gear, H indicates the pivoted arm, and V indicates the output mechanism). This paper focuses on the generation of a pitch curve and a cam profile in such a new mechanism. Three types of the KHV indexing cam mechanism are compared and discussed, and the equations of cam's pitch curves are derived. The cam's profile is generated by Boolean operations on the offsets of the cam's pitch curve. After this, the cusps on the cam profile are eliminated and replaced by a particular Hermite curve. The animations of all three types are illustrated, and a prototype of such mechanism is reported.
Transmit Beamforming in MIMO Cognitive Radio Network via Semidefinite Programming (2011)

Transmit beamforming is designed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio network in which single primary user (PU) coexists with single secondary user (SU). The proposed cognitive beamforming minimizes the transmit power of the SU while limiting the interference temperature to PU and achieving the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) target at SU. With perfect knowledge of channel information and receive beamforming pattern of the PU, the optimization problem is formulated as quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP), and the optimal solution is obtained by using semidefinite programming relaxations (SDR). A probabilistic approach is developed by guaranteeing the interference temperature below a pre-specified threshold with high probability for the case when no knowledge of receive beamforming vector of the PU is available at the SU transmitter (SU-Tx). Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in both scenarios.
Visual Analytics Education (2006)

Visual analytics is a newly evolving field that spans across several more established disciplines. This panel discusses how VA system developers and researchers are best educated at the MS and PhD levels. This paper describes several ways in which VA can be characterized - with the goal of using these characterizations to identify knowledge domains that can be used to define VA curricula. Also, a digital library of VA educational resources is described
Hierarchical Timbre-Painting and Articulation Generation (2020)

We present a fast and high-fidelity method for music generation, based on specified f0 and loudness, such that the synthesized audio mimics the timbre and articulation of a target instrument. The generation process consists of learned source-filtering networks, which reconstruct the signal at increasing resolutions. The model optimizes a multi-resolution spectral loss as the reconstruction loss, an adversarial loss to make the audio sound more realistic, and a perceptual f0 loss to align the output to the desired input pitch contour. The proposed architecture enables high-quality fitting of an instrument, given a sample that can be as short as a few minutes, and the method demonstrates state-of-the-art timbre transfer capabilities. Code and audio samples are shared at https://github.com/mosheman5/timbre_painting.