gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel natural tracer method to measure complex carbohydrate metabolism (2019)

While the triple tracer isotope dilution method has enabled accurate estimation of carbohydrate turnover after a mixed meal, use of the simple carbohydrate glucose as the carbohydrate source limits its translational applicability to everyday meals that typically contain complex carbohydrates. Hence, utilizing the natural enrichment of [<sup>13</sup>C]polysaccharide in commercially available grains, we devised a novel tracer method to measure postprandial complex carbohydrate turnover and indices of insulin action and β-cell function and compared the parameters to those obtained after a simple carbohydrate containing mixed meal. We studied healthy volunteers after either rice (<i>n</i> = 8) or sorghum (<i>n</i> = 8) and glucose (<i>n</i> = 16) containing mixed meals and modified the triple tracer technique to calculate carbohydrate turnover. All meals were matched for calories and macronutrient composition. Rates of meal glucose appearance (2,658 ± 736 vs. 4,487 ± 909 μM·kg<sup>-1</sup>·2 h<sup>-1</sup>), endogenous glucose production (-835 ± 283 vs. -1,123 ± 323 μM·kg<sup>-1</sup>·2 h<sup>-1</sup>) and glucose disappearance (1,829 ± 807 vs. 3,606 ± 839 μM·kg<sup>-1</sup>·2 h<sup>-1</sup>) differed (<i>P</i> < 0.01) between complex and simple carbohydrate containing meals, respectively. Interestingly, there were significant increase in indices of insulin sensitivity (32.5 ± 3.5 vs. 25.6 ± 3.2 10<sup>-5</sup> (dl·kg<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-2</sup>)/pM, <i>P</i> = 0.006) and β-cell responsivity (disposition index: 1,817 ± 234 vs. 1,236 ± 159 10<sup>-14</sup> (dl·kg<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-2</sup>)/pM, <i>P</i> < 0.005) with complex than simple carbohydrate meals. We present a novel triple tracer approach to estimate postprandial turnover of complex carbohydrate containing mixed meals. We also report higher insulin sensitivity and β-cell responsivity with complex than with simple carbohydrates in mixed meals of identical calorie and macronutrient compositions in healthy adults.
Antagonistic Effects between Magnetite Nanoparticles and a Hydrophobic Surfactant in Highly Concentrated Pickering Emulsions (2014)

Herein we present a systematic study of the antagonistic interaction between magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and nonionic hydrophobic surfactant in Pickering highly concentrated emulsions. Interfacial tension measurements, phase behavior, and emulsion stability studies, combined with electron microscopy observations in polymerized systems and magnetometry, are used to support the discussion. First, stable W/O highly concentrated emulsions were obtained using partially hydrophobized magnetite nanoparticles. These emulsions experienced phase separation when surfactant is added at concentrations as low as 0.05 wt %. Such phase separation arises from the preferential affinity of the surfactant for the nanoparticle surfaces, which remarkably enhances their hydrophobicity, leading to a gradual desorption of nanoparticles from the interface. W/O emulsions were obtained at higher surfactant concentrations, but in this case, these emulsions were mainly stabilized by surfactant molecules. Therefore, stable emulsions could be prepared in two separate ranges of surfactant concentrations. After polymerization, low-density macroporous polymers were obtained, and the adsorption and aggregation of nanoparticles was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The progressive displacement of the nanoparticles was revealed: from the oil–water interface, in which aggregated nanoparticles were adsorbed, forming dense layers, to the continuous phase of the emulsions, where small nanoparticle aggregates were randomly dispersed. Interestingly, the results also show that the blocking temperature of the iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles embedded in the macroporous polymers could be modulated by appropriate control of the concentrations of both surfactant and nanoparticles.
Synthese konformativ fixierter Kohlenhydrate: Eine Skew-Bootkonformation der L-Iduronsäure in Heparin bestimmt dessen antithrombotische Aktivität (2001)

Die konformative Flexibilität der L-Iduronsäure ist die Schlüsseleigenschaft dieser typischen Komponente von Heparin. Drei Pentasaccharide wurden nun synthetisiert, die Analoga des aktiven Bereichs von Heparin sind und in denen die einzelne L-Iduronsäure in der 1C4-, der 4C1- bzw. der 2S0-Form fixiert ist. Nur die 2S0-Variante 1 konnte die inhibierende Wirkung von Antithrombin auf den Blutkoagulationsfaktor Xa deutlich erhöhen.
Sex hormones and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in men with hypertension (1993)

These findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.
Point process temporal structure characterizes electrodermal activity (2020)

Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a direct readout of the body's sympathetic nervous system measured as sweat-induced changes in the skin's electrical conductance. There is growing interest in using EDA to track physiological conditions such as stress levels, sleep quality, and emotional states. Standardized EDA data analysis methods are readily available. However, none considers an established physiological feature of EDA. The sympathetically mediated pulsatile changes in skin sweat measured as EDA resemble an integrate-and-fire process. An integrate-and-fire process modeled as a Gaussian random walk with drift diffusion yields an inverse Gaussian model as the interpulse interval distribution. Therefore, we chose an inverse Gaussian model as our principal probability model to characterize EDA interpulse interval distributions. To analyze deviations from the inverse Gaussian model, we considered a broader model set: the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution, which includes the inverse Gaussian and other diffusion and nondiffusion models; the lognormal distribution which has heavier tails (lower settling rates) than the inverse Gaussian; and the gamma and exponential probability distributions which have lighter tails (higher settling rates) than the inverse Gaussian. To assess the validity of these probability models we recorded and analyzed EDA measurements in 11 healthy volunteers during 1 h of quiet wakefulness. Each of the 11 time series was accurately described by an inverse Gaussian model measured by Kolmogorov-Smirnov measures. Our broader model set offered a useful framework to enhance further statistical descriptions of EDA. Our findings establish that a physiologically based inverse Gaussian probability model provides a parsimonious and accurate description of EDA.
Evolution of Severe Lightning Maculopathy Visualized with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2010)

The authors report a case of lightning maculopathy with serial spectral domain optical coherence tomographs that, for the first time, elegantly illustrate the natural history of this uncommon, ominous condition.
Task‐Correlated Facial and Head Movements in Classifier‐Based Real‐Time fMRI (2013)

Movement tasks of many types (including movements of the eyes, face, and body) can lead to false positives in classifier-based real-time fMRI paradigms.
Binding and toxicity of apamin (1991)

The structural features of apamin, a natural octadecapeptide from bee venom, enabling binding to its receptor and the expression of toxicity in mice, have been delineated by studying the effects on binding and toxicity of chemical modifications and amino acid substitutions in synthetic analogues. The results obtained indicate that the only hydrophobic residue, leucine at position 10, can be changed to alanine without a significant decrease in the specific activity. The need for a correct conformation has been established and also the importance of Gln-17 and the side chains of Arg-13 and Arg-14 (besides the charge effects). The interaction of apamin with its receptor, a calcium-activated potassium channel, is thus mediated by a precise topology around these three residues. Due to the ability to detect very low specific activities for some of the analogues, it has been shown that, individually, none of these interactions constitute an essential criteria for binding per se, but that their presence is necessary for the high specific activity of the toxin.
Techno-economical comparison between Si and SiC switches in a VIENNA rectifier (2021)

Power electronic converters are non-linear loads from the grids point of view, making power factor correction (PFC) an integral part of any mains-fed converter. VIENNA rectifier is a three-phase active PFC rectifier topology, which consists of a diode bridge accompanied by a neutral point connection via reverse-blocking switches. The factors affecting the optimal switch choice include the used switching frequency, maximum allowed input current total harmonic distortion, and initial investment cost. In this paper, the suitability of Si IGBTs and SiC MOSFETs in a VIENNA rectifier is evaluated with a technical and economical comparison. The findings indicate that for a 15 kW VIENNA rectifier with a 5 % THD specification, Si IGBTs are a more cost-effective alternative than SiC MOSFETs. This is mainly due to the high initial investment cost of SiC MOSFETS, and no distinct technical advantage in using over 30 kHz switching frequencies.
Process Characterization of MOS Devices by Scanning Electron Microscopy with 0.5–1 kV Electrons (1982)

A low acceleration voltage scanning electron microscope (SEM) is applied to the inprocess characterization of MOS LSI without any adverse effects. Radiation of electrons having an energy of less than 1 kV does not cause any MOS circuit characteristics to change, e.g. , the V th shift of a MOSFET is less than 0.01 V. A low voltage of 800 V is required to inspect resist patterns on SIO 2 –Si substrates to avoid charge-up effects.
The synthesis of 7,8,9,10-tetrafluoroellipticine (2018)

We have synthesized a novel ellipticine analogue, 7,8,9,10-tetrafluoroellipticine, in nine steps from hexafluorobenzene and ethyl cyanoacetate, via 1-(phenysulfonyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroindole. The key step is lithiation of the indole and subsequent coupling with 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid anhydride to afford a ketolactam. Reaction of the lactam with methyllithium followed by reduction with sodium borohydride yields 7,8,9,10-tetrafluoroellipticine.
Analysis of broadband power combiners and coupled antennas with stochastic load matching in a random field for mm-wave applications (2017)

In this paper, we present design and experimental verification of integrated power combiners and closely coupled antennas. Several design variants are proposed for assessing effects of stochastic matching on antenna correlations as function of frequency up to 110GHz. Broadband equivalent circuit models accounting for radiation effects are extracted for proper random EM-Fields-Circuit Co-Design and Co-Analysis. Perspectives for Cognitive Built-In-Self-Test implementing real-time tuning of stochastic matching with EM-Thermal energy harvesting are drawn for mm-Wave MIMO and Phased-Array applications.
Flow-induced order–order transitions in amyloid fibril liquid crystalline tactoids (2020)

Liquid crystalline droplets, also known as tactoids, forming by nucleation and growth within the phase diagram region where isotropic and nematic phases coexist, challenge our understanding of liquid crystals under confinement due to anisotropic surface boundaries at vanishingly small interfacial tension, resulting in complex, non-spherical shapes. Little is known about their dynamical properties, since they are mostly studied under quiescent, quasi-equilibrium conditions. Here we show that different classes of amyloid based nematic and cholesteric tactoids undergo order-order transitions by flow-induced deformations of their shape. Tactoids align under extensional flow, undergoing extreme deformation into highly elongated prolate shapes, with the cholesteric pitch decreasing as an inverse power-law of the tactoids aspect ratio. Free energy functional theory and experimental measurements are combined to rationalize the critical elongation above which the director-field configuration of tactoids transforms from bipolar and uniaxial cholesteric to homogenous and to debate on the thermodynamic nature of these transitions.
Regulation of Primate Testicular Luteinizing Hormone Receptors and Steroidogenesis (1979)

The testicular luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors of the rhesus monkey and human have many features in common, including high equilibrium association constant, marked species specificity, and relatively low binding capacity. We have, therefore, used rhesus monkeys as models for human LH-receptor regulation in vivo during gonadotropin treatment. In four adult male monkeys, treated with 10,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), serum and testicular steroidogenic responses were monitored at 24-h intervals during the following 4 d, and LH-receptor concentrations were measured by (125)I-hCG binding to 15,000-g particles prepared from testis biopsy specimens. In treated animals, serum hCG was maximal on day 1 at 322+/-16 ng/ml and declined to 24.4+/-2.3 ng/ml by day 4. Serum testosterone was increased threefold during the subsequent 4 d (from 6.5+/-2.0 to 18.6+/-4.4 ng/ml) but serum progesterone remained unchanged. In contrast, serum 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone increased 12-fold to 5.5+/-0.5 ng/ml at day 1 and was increased fourfold during the subsequent 3 d. The LH-receptor binding capacity of the primate testis was reduced by 18.3+/-6.0% on day 1, 51.7+/-7.4% on day 2, and 45.3+/-2.4% on day 4. Occupancy of the LH receptors by endogenously bound hCG was significant on day 1 but was negligible by day 4. These data demonstrate that gonadotropin-induced LH-receptor depletion occurs in the rhesus testis and indicate that primate gonadotropin receptors are susceptible to the regulatory processes recently described in the rat. In addition, the simultaneous and disproportionate accumulation of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone indicates that 17,20-desmolase was rate-limiting under these conditions in the primate testis Leydig cell.
Waveform Inversion of Passive Seismic Data Using Multi-Scattered Energy (2018)

Summary Locating micro-seismic events highly relies on the velocity accuracy. Full waveform inversion (FWI) has the potential to invert velocity and micro-seismic source image simultaneously. However, waveform inversion in the micro-seismic case is dominated by transmission energy, which results in poor illumination and low resolution. We develop a waveform inversion using multi-scattered energy for passive seismic data to extract more information out of the data. By utilizing transmission information from the single- or double-scattered wavefield, computed from a predicted scatter field acting as secondary sources, we can provide better illumination of the velocity model. The inversion results on Marmousi model show that by taking advantage of multi-scattered energy and starting from a reasonable frequency (3Hz), the proposed method can yield better inverted velocity models and source images compared with conventional FWI.
Bispecific PD1-IL2v and anti-PD-L1 break tumor immunity resistance by enhancing stem-like tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells and reprogramming macrophages (2023)

Immunotherapies have shown remarkable, albeit tumor-selective, therapeutic benefits in the clinic. Most patients respond transiently at best, highlighting the importance of understanding mechanisms underlying resistance. Herein, we evaluated the effects of the engineered immunocytokine PD1-IL2v in a mouse model of de novo pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer that is resistant to checkpoint and other immunotherapies. PD1-IL2v utilizes anti-PD-1 as a targeting moiety fused to an immuno-stimulatory IL-2 cytokine variant (IL2v) to precisely deliver IL2v to PD-1<sup>+</sup> T cells in the tumor microenvironment. PD1-IL2v elicited substantial infiltration by stem-like CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, resulting in tumor regression and enhanced survival in mice. Combining anti-PD-L1 with PD1-IL2v sustained the response phase, improving therapeutic efficacy both by reprogramming immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages and enhancing T cell receptor (TCR) immune repertoire diversity. These data provide a rationale for clinical trials to evaluate the combination therapy of PD1-IL2v and anti-PD-L1, particularly in immunotherapy-resistant tumors infiltrated with PD-1<sup>+</sup> stem-like T cells.
One shot endoscopic polarization measurement device based on a spectrally encoded polarization states generator (2015)

We report a novel technique for polarimetric characterization of samples through a flexible fiber endoscope, with a single shot measurement per pixel. The sample is simultaneously probed with a large diversity of polarization states, and both degree of polarization and linear retardance are determined thanks to specific processing of data. The probe polarization states are spectrally encoded on the 10 nm bandwidth of the source. The key component of the endoscope is a 3 m long specially designed optical fiber which consists of the optimized concatenation of highly birefringent fiber pieces. For a proof of principle, different calibrated or manufactured samples were successfully characterized. The proposed technique is attractive in view of reducing the measurement time of polarimetric images, in endoscopic applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfunctional Zinc and Magnesium Organometallics for Organic Synthesis: Some Perspectives (2016)

Abstract Review: 31 refs.+subrefs.
Replacement Therapy for Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency Associated with Emphysema (1987)

In patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, the development of emphysema is believed to be caused by the unchecked action of proteases on lung tissue. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and biochemical efficacy of intermittent infusions of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the treatment of patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Twenty-one patients were given 60 mg of active plasma-derived alpha 1-antitrypsin per kilogram of body weight, once a week for up to six months. After a steady state had been reached, the group had trough serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin of 126 +/- 1 mg per deciliter as compared with 30 +/- 1 mg per deciliter before treatment, and serum anti-neutrophil elastase capacities of 13.3 +/- 0.1 microM as compared with 5.4 +/- 0.1 microM. The alpha 1-antitrypsin level in the epithelial-lining fluid of the lungs was 0.46 +/- 0.16 microM before treatment, and the anti-neutrophil elastase capacity was 0.81 +/- 0.13 microM. Six days after infusion, alpha 1-antitrypsin levels (1.89 +/- 0.17 microM) and anti-neutrophil elastase capacities (1.65 +/- 0.13 microM) in the lining fluid were significantly increased (P less than 0.0001). Because of the chronicity of the disorder and the lack of sensitive measures of lung destruction, the clinical efficacy of this therapy could not be studied rigorously. No changes in lung function were observed in our patients over six months of treatment. The only important adverse reactions to the 507 infusions were four episodes of self-limited fever. This study demonstrates that infusions of alpha 1-antitrypsin derived from plasma are safe and can reverse the biochemical abnormalities in serum and lung fluid that characterize this disorder. Together with lifetime avoidance of cigarette smoking, replacement therapy with alpha 1-antitrypsin may be a logical approach to long-term medical treatment.
Convergence results in distributed Kalman filtering (2011)

The paper studies the convergence properties of the estimation error processes in distributed Kalman filtering for potentially unstable linear dynamical systems. In particular, it is shown that, in a weakly connected communication network, there exist (randomized) gossip based information dissemination schemes leading to a stochastically bounded estimation error at each sensor for any non-zero rate γ̄ of inter-sensor communication (the rate γ̄ is defined to be the average number of inter-sensor communications per signal evolution epoch). A gossip-based information exchange protocol, the M-GIKF, is presented, in which sensors exchange estimates and aggregate observations at a rate γ̄ > 0, leading to desired convergence properties. Under the assumption of global (centralized) detectability of the signal/observation model (necessary for a centralized estimator having access to all sensor observations at all times to yield bounded estimation error), it is shown that the distributed M-GIKF leads to a stochastically bounded estimation error at each sensor. The conditional estimation error covariance sequence at each sensor is shown to evolve as a random Riccati equation (RRE) with Markov modulated switching. The RRE is analyzed through a random dynamical system (RDS) formulation, and the asymptotic estimation error at each sensor is characterized in terms of an associated invariant measure µγ̄ of the RDS.
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of 14‐, 15‐, 15′ ‐ and 14′ ‐monodeutero‐ and 15,15′ ‐dideuterospheroidenes (1991)

Abstract The high‐yield synthesis of four mono‐ and one dideutero‐labelled spheroidene, the carotenoid bound in the reaction centre of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 , is described. The all‐ E isomers (14′‐ 2 H)‐, (15′‐ 2 H)‐, (15‐ 2 H), (14‐ 2 H)‐ and (15,15′‐ 2 H 2 )spheroidenes have been prepared in high purity with more than 95% 2 H incorporation from C 2 H 3 CN and/or Dibal‐ 2 H. The spectroscopic properties of the labelled compounds are discussed; the mass spectra reveal that toluene elimination from spheroidene is restricted to a single location in the molecule.
Arginine Residues Are Important in Determining the Binding of Human Monoclonal Antiphospholipid Antibodies to Clinically Relevant Antigens (2006)

In the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), antiphospholipid Abs (aPL) bind to anionic phospholipids (PL) and various associated proteins, especially beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) and prothrombin. In the present study, we show that altering specific Arg residues in the H chain of a human pathogenic beta2GPI-dependent aPL, IS4, has major effects on its ability to bind these clinically important Ags. We expressed whole human IgG in vitro by stable transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with expression plasmids containing different V(H) and V(L) sequences. V(H) sequences were derived from IS4 by altering the number of Arg residues in CDR3. V(L) sequences were those of IS4, B3 (anti-nucleosome Ab), and UK4 (beta2GPI-independent aPL). Binding of the expressed H/L chain combinations to a range of anionic, neutral, and zwitterionic PL, as well as prothrombin, beta2GPI, dsDNA, and chicken OVA, was determined by ELISA. Of four Arg residues in IS4VH CDR3 substituted to Ser, two at positions 100 and 100g, reduced binding to all Ags, while two at positions 96 and 97 reduced binding to beta2GPI but increased or decreased binding to different PL. Eleven of 14 H/L chain combinations displayed weak binding to OVA with Arg to Ser replacements of all four Arg residues enhancing binding to this Ag. Only one H/L chain combination bound neutral PL and none bound dsDNA; hence, these effects are particularly relevant to Ags important in antiphospholipid syndrome. We hypothesize that these four Arg residues have developed as a result of somatic mutations driven by an Ag containing both PL and beta2GPI.