gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Power Law of Phonon-Limited Electron Mobility in the 2-D Electron Gas of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure (2016)

The reduction of electron mobility in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures follows the common power law, but with an unexpectedly high power coefficient. Following the experimental verification of the unusual power-coefficient value by a different measurement method, this brief presents an analysis that identifies the temperature dependence of the effective electron mass as the responsible physical mechanism for this effect. Based on this result, the measured values of electron mobility are used to calculate the effective mass of the electrons in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures over a wide temperature range, from 25 °C to 300 °C.
Highly selective and sensitive simultaneous nanomolar detection of Cs(<scp>i</scp>) and Al(<scp>iii</scp>) ions using tripodal organic nanoparticles in aqueous media: the effect of the urea backbone on chemosensing (2020)

Chemosensing plays a very important role in the detection of essential/pollutant ions in aqueous media. In this manuscript, two tripodal ligands, <i>i.e.</i>, 1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenylurea (ligand 1) and 1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenylthiourea (ligand 2) have been synthesised, which differ in the linker molecule, <i>i.e.</i>, urea and thiourea in ligand 1 and ligand 2, respectively. The ligands were characterised by NMR, IR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Ligands 1 and 2 (2 mM) were further employed for the generation of their organic nanoparticles (ONPs) (0.01 mM) of size 20-25 nm and 30-35 nm, respectively, by the reprecipitation method. The chemosensing properties of 1-ONP and 2-ONP solutions were investigated. 1-ONP showed simultaneous recognition behaviour towards Cs(i) and Al(iii) with the limits of detection of ∼220 and ∼377 nM, respectively, in an aqueous medium, while 2-ONP did not show any recognition behaviour towards any ion.
Propagation and Scattering of Exciton-Polaritons in a Graded Semiconductor Microcavity (2002)

Acceleration of the in-plane motion of photons inside the cavity wedge is a well known effect. Acceleration of exciton-polaritons in the same system seemed to be impossible because of the cavity selection rules. Nevertheless, we have observed it experimentally by means of time- and spatially-resolved reflection spectroscopy. The phenomenon is explained in terms of elastic scattering of the polaritons between optically forbidden and allowed states.
Defining how oncogenic and developmental mutations of <i>PIK3R1</i> alter the regulation of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases (2019)

Summary The class IA PI3Ks are key signalling enzymes composed of a heterodimer of a p110 catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit, with PI3K mutations being causative of multiple human diseases including cancer, primary immunodeficiencies, and developmental disorders. Mutations in the p85α regulatory subunit encoded by PIK3R1 can both activate PI3K through oncogenic truncations in the iSH2 domain, or inhibit PI3K through developmental disorder mutations in the cSH2 domain. Using a combined biochemical and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry approach we have defined the molecular basis for how these mutations activate both the p110α/p110δ catalytic subunits. We find that the oncogenic Q572* truncation of PIK3R1 disrupts all inhibitory inputs, with p110α being hyper-activated compared to p110δ. In addition, we find that the R649W mutation in the cSH2 of PIK3R1 decreases sensitivity to activation by receptor tyrosine kinases. This work reveals novel insight into isoform specific regulation of p110s by p85α. Highlights - An oncogenic variant of p85α, Q572*, leads to hyper-activation of p110α compared to p110δ - HDX-MS revealed that Q572* leads to disruption of all inhibitory interfaces in p110α - A SHORT syndrome mutation in p85α leads to decreased sensitivity to RTKs for p110α/δ
Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Setup Employing Permanent Ring Magnets as a Static Offset Field Source (2022)

Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) has been explored for its applications in fields of magnetic biosensing, multiplex detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and the determination of core size distribution of MNP samples. Such applications rely on the application of a static offset magnetic field, which is generated traditionally with an electromagnet. Such a setup requires a current source, as well as passive or active cooling strategies, which directly sets a limitation based on the portability aspect that is desired for point of care (POC) monitoring applications. In this work, a measurement head is introduced that involves the utilization of two ring-shaped permanent magnets to generate a static offset magnetic field. A steel cylinder in the ring bores homogenizes the field. By variation of the distance between the ring magnets and of the thickness of the steel cylinder, the magnitude of the magnetic field at the sample position can be adjusted. Furthermore, the measurement setup is compared to the electromagnet offset module based on measured signals and temperature behavior.
GA-Based Autonomous Design of Robust Fast and Precise Positioning Considering Machine Stand Vibration Suppression (2004)

This paper presents a novel Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based autonomous compensator design and position command shaping considering the stand vibration suppression for the fast-response and high-precision positioning of mechatronic systems. The positioning system is mainly composed of a robust 2-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) controller based on the coprime factorization description. The feedback compensator based on H∞ design framework in the 2DOF controller ensures the robustness against the variations of resonant vibration mode. The feedforward compensator and position command, on the other hand, can be autonomously designed by the optimization capability of GA, in order to achieve the desired positioning performance and to suppress the machine stand vibration. The effectiveness of the proposed optimal design has been verified by experiments using a table drive system with ball screw.
Point Mutation in Luminal Loop 7 of Scap Protein Blocks Interaction with Loop 1 and Abolishes Movement to Golgi (2013)

Scap is a polytopic protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that controls cholesterol homeostasis by transporting sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) from the ER to the Golgi complex. Scap has eight transmembrane helices (TM) joined by four small hydrophilic loops and three large loops. Two of the large loops (Loops 1 and 7) are in the ER lumen, and the other large loop (Loop 6) faces the cytosol where it binds COPII proteins that initiate transport to Golgi. Cholesterol binding to Loop 1 alters the configuration of Loop 6, precluding COPII binding and preventing the exit of Scap from the ER. Here, we create a point mutation (Y640S) in luminal Loop 7 that prevents Scap movement to Golgi. Trypsin cleavage assays show that Loop 6 of Scap(Y640S) is always in the configuration that precludes COPII binding, even in the absence of cholesterol. When expressed separately by co-transfection, the NH2-terminal portion of Scap (containing TM helices 1-6, including Loop 1) binds to the COOH-terminal portion (containing TM helices 7-8 and Loop 7) as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. This binding does not occur when Loop 7 contains the Y640S mutation. Co-immunoprecipitation is also abolished by a point mutation in Loop 1 (Y234A) that also prevents Scap movement. These data suggest that Scap Loop 1 must interact with Loop 7 to maintain Loop 6 in the configuration that permits COPII binding. These results help explain the operation of Scap as a sterol sensor.
Hybrid tooling technologies for injection molded and hot embossed polymeric microfluidic devices (2010)

The growing complexity of microfluidic devices is currently leading to an increased dimensional scale dynamics, i.e. the range of sizes of features on the microfluidic device is steadily increasing, from centimeter-sized features like reservoirs over millimeter-sized features like fluidic connections and micrometer-sized features like microchannels to nanometersized features like surface textures. In order manufacture these devices with polymer replication technologies like injection molding and hot embossing, molding tools (masters) have to be fabricated which contain the same structural dynamic range. Often, this is not possible using a single tooling technology. We therefore present examples of such tools which have been fabricated using two techniques on the same master structure, namely precision mechanical machining, single-point diamond turning (SPDT) and stereolithography.
A Variable Stability Projectile Using an Internal Moving Mass (2008)

AbstractWeapon designers have known for some time that projectiles with low static margin have proven to be more susceptible to launch perturbations than comparable projectiles with high static stability, and that low static margin allows greater control authority. The work reported here examines a mechanism for active static margin control in flight through mass centre modification, demonstrating that such a system has significant impact on required manoeuvre control force to achieve a given control authority. A system is developed wherein a mass translates aft during flight inside a cavity aligned with the projectile centre-line, thereby altering the mass centre. This in turn decreases the projectile's static margin after launch and allows greater control authority later in flight, while at the same time decreasing initial throw-off errors. A seven-degree-of-freedom flight dynamic model is used to predict the performance of the system. Results show that by decreasing static margin after launch the proje...
ChemInform Abstract: Spinel Sialons. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PillarBox: Combating next-generation malware with fast forward-secure logging (2014)

Security analytics is a catchall term for vulnerability assessment in large organizations capturing a new emerging approach to intrusion detection. It leverages a combination of automated and manual analysis of security logs and alerts which originate from a wide and varying array of sources and are often aggregated into a massive data repository. Such log and alert sources include firewalls, VPNs, and endpoint instrumentation, such as intrusion-detection systems, syslog or other alerting host facilities, that we generically call Security Analytics Sources (SASs). Security analytics are only as good as the data being analyzed. Yet nearly all security analytics systems today suffer from a lack of even basic protections on data collection. By merely monitoring network traffic, an adversary can eavesdrop on SAS outputs to discover sensitive SAS instrumentation and security-alerting behaviors. Moreover, by using advance malware, an adversary can undetectably suppress or tamper with SAS messages to conceal attack evidence and disrupt intrusion detection. We introduce PillarBox, a tool for securely relaying SAS data in a security analytics system. PillarBox enforces integrity: It secures SAS data against tampering, even when such data is buffered on a com-promised host within an adversarially controlled network. Additionally, PillarBox (optionally) offers stealth: It can conceal SAS data, alert-generation activity, and potentially even alerting rules on a com-promised host, thus hiding select SAS alerting actions from an adversary. We present an implementation of PillarBox and show experimentally that it can secure messages against attacker suppression, tampering or discovery even in the most challenging environments where SASs generate real-time security alerts related to a host compromise directly targeting to diminish their alerting power. We also show, based on data from a large enterprise and on-host performance measure-ments, that PillarBox has minimal overhead and is practical for real-world security analytics systems. 1
New horizons in reversed-phas1e chromatography selectivity (2010)

For decades reserved phasechromatography has dominated the applications of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Almost as soon as bonded reversed phases became available in the early 1970s, this mode surged ahead as the most popular. Through the years, the technique has become more efficient, columns more stable, and new types of phases beyond the traditional C8 and C18 give different selectivity. Here, we focus on the characterization of reversed-phase columns with particular emphasis on the hydrophobic-subtraction model. A well-attended Pittcon 2010 session brought together many experts to update our knowledge in this area and help liquid chromatographers make more educated decisions on phase selection and usage.
Click to Release: Instantaneous Doxorubicin Elimination upon Tetrazine Ligation (2013)

Eliminated without a trace: The fastest click reaction, the highly selective inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction, has been modified to enable selective bioorthogonal release. Thus, the click reaction of a tetrazine with a drug-bound trans-cyclooctene caused the instantaneous release of the drug and CO2 (see scheme). One possible application is the chemically triggered release, and thereby activation, of a drug from a tumor-bound antibody-drug conjugate.
Performance of a directly deposited optical blocking filter on x-ray CCDs: case study from the REgolith X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) experiment (2021)

The REgolith X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) is a soft x-ray spectrometer and the student collaboration instrument aboard NASA’s OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission. REXIS utilizes MIT Lincoln Laboratory CCID-41 x-ray detectors coated with a directly deposited optical blocking filter (OBF) with a thickness of 320 nm. The aluminum coating, developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, is designed to block visible light from the detector, to maintain high sensitivity to soft x-rays in the presence of reflected sunlight from the surface of the target asteroid Bennu. The scientific objective for the REXIS instrument is to measure the stimulated x-ray flux fluoresced from Bennu to discern elemental abundances present on the asteroid’s surface. The coating technique applied for blocking visible light had not previously been used on the CCD-41s in an extended space flight mission. The performance of the OBF on the flight detectors was not characterized before and after environmental stress testing. Therefore, to mature the OBF to technology readiness level (TRL) 6, the flight spare detectors were tested while the instrument was on the way to the asteroid. The flight spare hardware underwent vibration and thermal environmental stress testing to test the durability and effectiveness of the OBF. This testing informed our expectations of the in-flight OBF once it reached the asteroid and helped mature the TRL level of this directly deposited OBF. We discuss the setup and results of those tests and address the performance of the flight OBF at the asteroid. We conclude that depositing an aluminum OBF onto the surface of a charge-coupled device is able to withstand stresses of launch and an extended life-mission in interplanetary space.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Highly Functionalized Pyridylmagnesium Reagents for the Synthesis of Polyfunctional Pyridines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Capture de mouvement par mesure de distances dans un réseau corporel hétérogène (2013)

Ambulatory motion capture is of great interest for applications ranging for the monitoring of elderly people, sporty performances monitoring, functional rehabilitation, etc. These applications require that the movement is not constrained by an external system, that it can be performed in different situations, including outdoor environment. It requires lightweight and low cost equipment; it must be truly ambulatory without complex process of calibration.Currently, only systems using an exoskeleton or inertial modules (often combined with magnetic modules) can be used in such situations. Unfortunately, the exoskeleton weight is not affordable and it imposes constraints on the movements of the person, which makes it unusable for certain applications such as monitoring of the elderly.Inertial technology is lighter. Itcan be used for the capture of movement without constraints on the capture space or on the movements. However, it suffers from gyros drift, and the system must be recalibrated.The objective of this thesis is to develop a system of motion capture for an articulated chain, low-cost, real-time truly ambulatory that does not require specific capture infrastructure, that can be used in many application fields (rehabilitation, sport, leisure, etc.).We focus on intra-corporal measurements. Thus, all sensors are placed on the body and no external device is used. In addition to a final demonstrator to validate the proposed approach, we also develop tools to evaluate the system in terms of technology, number and position of sensors, but also to evaluate different algorithms for data fusion. To do this, we use the Cramer-Rao lower bound. \\The subject is multidisciplinary. It addresses aspects of modelling and design of fully ambulatory hybrid systems. It studies estimation algorithms adapted to the field of motion capture of a whole body by considering the problem of observability of the state and taking into account the biomechanical constraints that can be taken into account. Thus, with an appropriate treatment, the pose of a subject can be reconstructed in real time from intra-body measurements.
Venovenous Extracorporeal Life Support in Neonates Using a Double Lumen Catheter (1989)

After satisfactory development and testing of a polyurethane 14 Fr double lumen catheter, we used this device for venovenous extracorporeal life support in neonates who had respiratory failure. This catheter was designed for single site cannulation of the internal jugular vein, thereby sparing the carotid artery from ligation. Cannulation was successful in 17 of 21 neonates, with 15 successful venovenous runs, whereas 2 of the 17 patients were converted to venoarterial bypass because of inadequate support. Oxygenation and CO2 removal were adequate in the remaining patients. Average time on bypass was 111 hours. All 15 patients survived, and exploration of the cannulation site for bleeding was required in three patients. Preoxygenator pressure, recirculation of oxygenated blood, and hemolysis were all within acceptable levels during each run. Venovenous extracorporeal life support with the double lumen catheter can replace venoarterial access in most cases of neonatal respiratory failure.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Rocksalt‐Structured (111) Metal Oxides (2011)

Abstract Review: 44 refs.
Specification for the Derivation of Usage Specific Root Keys (USRK) from an Extended Master Session Key (EMSK) (2006)

An Extended Master Session Key (EMSK) is a cryptographic key generated
from an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) exchange reserved
solely for the purpose of deriving master keys for one or more
purposes identified as usage definitions. This document specifies a
mechanism for deriving cryptographically separate root keys from the
EMSK, called usage specific root Keys (USRK). The document provides a
set of requirements for avoiding conflicts between usage definitions
to ensure this cryptographic separation. The USRK is used according to
the usage definition defined for a specific purpose.
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol (2020)

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries<sup>1,2</sup>. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world<sup>3</sup> and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health<sup>4,5</sup>. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular risk-changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
A Concise Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrins F, H, and I Using Aryl Ynol Ethers as Key Building Blocks (2016)

We report a concise total synthesis of dictyodendrin F and the first total syntheses of dictyodendrins H and I in six steps. In these syntheses, aryl ynol ethers were employed as the key building blocks to introduce aryl and heteroaryl rings in the dictyodendrins. This rapid synthesis utilized a novel hetero-[2 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction between two aryl ynol ethers to yield a cyclobutenone ring. The cyclobutenone was sequentially converted into a highly substituted carbazole via a retro-4π/6π-electrocyclization-N-acylation cascade reaction to provide the dictyodendrin core. Consecutive intramolecular oxidative coupling and deprotection gave dictyodendrins F, H, and I.