gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of insecticidal effect (LCD50 and LCD90) of organic fatty acids mixture (C8910+silicone) against malaria vectors (2014)

Malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance to several insecticides; thus, there is a critical need for the development of alternative insecticides for use in vector control programs. The mosquito toxicity of a novel insecticide/repellent consisting of medium-chain carbon fatty acids (C8910) was examined. Determination of LCD50 and LCD90 was made against six colony-reared Anopheles species using probit analysis on mortality data generated by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays. Eight different concentrations of C8910+silicone oil provided an LCD50 ranging from 55.4 (44.2 to 65.9) in Anopheles minimus to 132.6 (92.8 to 301.3) in Anopheles dirus. Similarly, LCD90 varied from 138.5 (107.9 to 207.9) to 1228.8 (449.8 to 21400), respectively. Further development of C8910 and similar compounds could provide vector control specialists novel, environmentally-safe insecticides for controlling insect disease vectors.

	Key words: LCD50, LCD90, bottle bioassay, C8910, silicone, malaria, Anopheles.
Challenges and Promises of Developing Thrombin Receptor Antagonists (2010)

Despite the availability of dual antiplatelet therapy comprised of aspirin and clopidogrel, there is still significant unmet medical need for treating and preventing arterial thrombotic diseases. To achieve further reduction of cardiovascular events without exceeding bleeding tolerability and safety limits, novel antiplatelet strategies might need to trade in antiplatelet efficacy by partial inhibition of an important platelet activation pathway or by differentially targeting pathological versus physiological thrombogenesis pathways. Thrombin, the central enzyme in coagulation and the most potent platelet agonist tested in vitro, is one of the key factors driving the formation of occlusive thrombi. Platelet thrombin receptors, namely protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4), act in concert to elicit robust platelet responses to thrombin. PAR-1 is the high affinity thrombin receptor and represents a novel antithrombotic target. PAR-4 is a low affinity thrombin receptor with less understood function. This review discusses the genetic and pharmacological evidence for PAR-1 target validation and highlights the progresses and challenges in developing oral PAR-1 antagonists, especially SCH 530348 from Merck/Schering-Plough and E-5555 from Eisai Co. Recent patents disclosing several novel chemical series of PAR-1 antagonists from Sanofi-Aventis and Pierre Fabre are also presented.
The effect of vascular smooth muscle cell-targeted expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in a murine model of arterial thrombosis (2004)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor that regulates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation by inhibiting the factor VIIa/tissue factor (TF) catalytic complex. TFPI is expressed by both endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vasculature and circulates at low levels. The role of local vascular TFPI in thrombosis and the development of vascular disease is unknown. To establish an experimental animal model to directly modulate smooth muscle cell-derived TFPI on the development of arterial thrombosis, transgenic mice in which a cDNA encoding murine TFPI is expressed from the murine SM22alpha promoter were generated. Expression of transgenic mRNA was 4-fold higher than the level of endogenous TFPI mRNA in arteries from transgenic mice. In situ hybridization confirmed that expression of the transgene was limited to medial vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascular TFPI activity was increased to 2 to 3-fold in carotid homogenates. There was no difference in plasma TFPI levels or hemostatic measures (PT, aPTT and tail vein bleeding times) between these mice and their wildtype littermates. In a ferric chloride-induced model of carotid thrombosis, homozygotic transgenic mice demonstrated resistance to thrombotic occlusion compared to wildtype littermates. In transgenic mice 22% occluded within 30 minutes of application while 84% of wild type mice occluded within the same time frame (p<0.01). Heterozygotic transgenic mice had an intermediate thrombotic phenotype. Taken together, these data indicated that local VSMC-specific TFPI overexpression attenuated ferric chloride-induced thrombosis without systemic or hemostatic effects. Furthermore, this transgenic mouse model should prove useful for studying the role of TFPI in the development and progression of vascular disease.
Software defined grid energy storage (2022)

Today, consumer battery installations are isolated, physical devices. Virtual power plants (VPPs) allow consumer devices to aggregate for grid services, but they are are vertically integrated, vendor controlled systems (e.g., Tesla's VPP). Consumer batteries are therefore unable to participate in energy markets or other grid services outside what their vendor provides.
A Study on the Factors Related to the Cognitive Function and Depression Among the Elderly (1996)

To investigate the factors which affecting the cognitive function and depression of the 65 or more age group, the authors surveyed for the subjects in the region of Taejon and nearby Taejon area. 729 studied subjects were tested for cognitive function with MMSE and depression with GDS. The main results were followings; In the studied subjects, the rate of normal cognitive function was 56.8%, the rate of mildly impaired was 24.1% and the rate of severe impairment was 19.1%. The cognitive function level was closely related to the depression score. As the age increased, the cognitive function was more impaired. Sexual difference was also existed in the cognitive function level and the depression score. After adjusting the effect of age, the variables such as sex, marital status, education level, past job, instrumental ability of daily living, regular physical exercise, frequencies of going out the house, chest discomfort, visual and auditory disturbance, and dizziness had the significant relationship with cognitive function impairment. Among these variables instrumental ADL, age, visual disturbance, and sex showed statistical significance in the logistic regression model. In the multiple stepwise regression, the variables which had significant relationship to depression score were education level, frequencies of going out house, current job and house work activity, regular physical exercise, instrumental ADL, self-rated health and nutritional status, dimness, visual disturbance, and chest pain. In conclusion, main characteristics which had close relationship to the cognitive function and depression symptoms in the studied subjects were physical function and self rated health status.
Fiber-Optic Strain Sensing (Foss): Shape and Load Measurement Demonstration Tests (2013)

Presentation documenting tests performed to demonstrate shape and load measurement using fiber optic strain sensors (FOSS)
Hybrid carry-select statistical carry look-aheadadder (1999)

A new high-performance variable time adder is presented which is based on the statistical carry look-ahead addition technique. The new circuit uses carry-select stages to reduce the critical path. A 56 bit adder designed for and realised using 0.5 µm CMOS technology shows an average addition time of ~1.28 ns.
First-Order Adaptive Sample Size Methods to Reduce Complexity of\n Empirical Risk Minimization (2017)

This paper studies empirical risk minimization (ERM) problems for large-scale\ndatasets and incorporates the idea of adaptive sample size methods to improve\nthe guaranteed convergence bounds for first-order stochastic and deterministic\nmethods. In contrast to traditional methods that attempt to solve the ERM\nproblem corresponding to the full dataset directly, adaptive sample size\nschemes start with a small number of samples and solve the corresponding ERM\nproblem to its statistical accuracy. The sample size is then grown\ngeometrically -- e.g., scaling by a factor of two -- and use the solution of\nthe previous ERM as a warm start for the new ERM. Theoretical analyses show\nthat the use of adaptive sample size methods reduces the overall computational\ncost of achieving the statistical accuracy of the whole dataset for a broad\nrange of deterministic and stochastic first-order methods. The gains are\nspecific to the choice of method. When particularized to, e.g., accelerated\ngradient descent and stochastic variance reduce gradient, the computational\ncost advantage is a logarithm of the number of training samples. Numerical\nexperiments on various datasets confirm theoretical claims and showcase the\ngains of using the proposed adaptive sample size scheme.\n
Crystallographic evidence for noncoplanar catalytic aspartic acids in plasmepsin II resides in the Protein Data Bank (2009)

The carboxylate atoms of the two catalytic aspartic acid residues in aspartic proteases are nearly coplanar and in the uncomplexed form share an in-plane nucleophilic water molecule that is central to the mechanism of these enzymes. This note reports that while reviewing the electron-density maps derived from the deposited data for uncomplexed plasmepsin II from Plasmodium falciparum [Asojo et al. (2003), J. Mol. Biol. 327, 173-181; PDB code 1lf4], it was discovered that the aspartic acid residues in this structure should in fact be distinctly noncoplanar. The crystallographic model from the deposited coordinates has been re-refined against the 1.9 A resolution published diffraction data to an R(cryst) of 21.2% and an R(free) of 22.2%. The catalytic water molecule is present, but the plane of the carboxylate group of Asp214 is rotated by 66 degrees from its original position.
Design of a Multi-Tubular Catalytic Reactor Assisted by CFD Based on Free-Convection Heat-Management for Decentralised Synthetic Methane Production (2022)

A simple reactor design for the conversion of CO2 methanation into synthetic methane based on free convection is an interesting option for small-scale, decentralised locations. In this work, we present a heat-management design of a multi-tubular reactor assisted by CFD (Ansys Fluent®) as an interesting tool for scaling-up laboratory reactor designs. The simulation results pointed out that the scale-up of an individual reactive channel (d = 1/4′, H = 300 mm) through a hexagonal-shaped distribution of 23 reactive channels separated by 40 mm allows to obtain a suitable decreasing temperature profile (T = 487–230 °C) for the reaction using natural convection cooling. The resulting heat-management configuration was composed of three zones: (i) preheating of the reactants up to 230 °C, followed by (ii) a free-convection zone (1 m/s air flow) in the first reactor section (0–25 mm) to limit overheating and, thus, catalyst deactivation, followed by (iii) an isolation zone in the main reactor section (25–300 mm) to guarantee a proper reactor temperature and favourable kinetics. The evaluation of the geometry, reactive channel separation, and a simple heat-management strategy by CFD indicated that the implementation of an intensive reactor cooling system could be omitted with natural air circulation.
Evolutionarily distinct resistance proteins detect a pathogen effector through its association with different host targets (2021)

Knowledge of the evolutionary processes which govern pathogen recognition is critical to understanding durable disease resistance. We determined how Phytophthora infestans effector PiAVR2 is recognised by evolutionarily distinct resistance proteins R2 and Rpi-mcq1. We employed yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, virus-induced gene silencing, transient overexpression, and phosphatase activity assays to investigate the contributions of BSL phosphatases to R2- and Rpi-mcq1-mediated hypersensitive response (R2 HR and Rpi-mcq1 HR, respectively). Silencing PiAVR2 target BSL1 compromises R2 HR. Rpi-mcq1 HR is compromised only when BSL2 and BSL3 are silenced. BSL1 overexpression increases R2 HR and compromises Rpi-mcq1. However, overexpression of BSL2 or BSL3 enhances Rpi-mcq1 and compromises R2 HR. Okadaic acid, which inhibits BSL phosphatase activity, suppresses both recognition events. Moreover, expression of a BSL1 phosphatase-dead (PD) mutant suppresses R2 HR, whereas BSL2-PD and BSL3-PD mutants suppress Rpi-mcq1 HR. R2 interacts with BSL1 in the presence of PiAVR2, but not with BSL2 and BSL3, whereas no interactions were detected between Rpi-mcq1 and BSLs. Thus, BSL1 activity and association with R2 determine recognition of PiAVR2 by R2, whereas BSL2 and BSL3 mediate Rpi-mcq1 perception of PiAVR2. R2 and Rpi-mcq1 utilise distinct mechanisms to detect PiAVR2 based on association with different BSLs, highlighting central roles of these effector targets for both disease and disease resistance.
Solution Phase Preparation of Highly Pure Amide Mixtures via In-Situ Chlorotrimethylsilane Protection and Activation (1997)

Abstract Coupling of 4-(4-aminophenyl)butyric acid 1 with acyl halides in both organic and aqueous media were found to produce large amount of oligomeric materials. By using an in situ chlorotrimethylsilane protection/activation procedure, these oligomers were suppressed completely and the desired 4-(4-acylaminophenyl)butyric acids 3 were obtained in good yield and high purity. The method was also extended to a parallel synthesis of a three component mixture. 1H-NMR of the mixture indicated that each component was formed in a nearly stoichiometric quantity.
Toxicity and Mutagenicity of Gulf of Mexico Waters During and After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (2013)

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is unparalleled among environmental hydrocarbon releases, because of the tremendous volume of oil, the additional contamination by dispersant, and the oceanic depth at which this release occurred. Here, we present data on general toxicity and mutagenicity of upper water column waters and, to a lesser degree, sediment porewater of the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) and west Florida shelf (WFS) at the time of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 and thereafter. During a research cruise in August 2010, analysis of water collected in the NEGOM indicated that samples of 3 of 14 (21%) stations were toxic to bacteria based on the Microtox assay, 4 of 13 (34%) were toxic to phytoplankton via the QwikLite assay, and 6 of 14 (43%) showed DNA damaging activity using the λ-Microscreen Prophage induction assay. The Microtox and Microscreen assays indicated that the degree of toxicity was correlated to total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration. Long-term monitoring of stations on the NEGOM and the WFS was undertaken by 8 and 6 cruises to these areas, respectively. Microtox toxicity was nearly totally absent by December 2010 in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico (3 of 8 cruises with one positive station). In contrast, QwikLite toxicity assay yielded positives at each cruise, often at multiple stations or depths, indicating the greater sensitivity of the QwikLite assay to environmental factors. The Microscreen mutagenicity assays indicated that certain water column samples overlying the WFS were mutagenic at least 1.5 years after capping the Macondo well. Similarly, sediment porewater samples taken from 1000, 1200, and 1400 m from the slope off the WFS in June 2011 were also highly genotoxic. Our observations are consistent with a portion of the dispersed oil from the Macondo well area advecting to the southeast and upwelling onto the WFS, although other explanations exist. Organisms in contact with these waters might experience DNA damage that could lead to mutation and heritable alterations to the community pangenome. Such mutagenic interactions might not become apparent in higher organisms for years.
Other Supporting Colleagues from Clinical Predictors for Germline Mutations in Head and Neck Paraganglioma Patients: Cost Reduction Strategy in Genetic Diagnostic Process as Fall-Out (2023)

Other Supporting Colleagues from Clinical Predictors for Germline Mutations in Head and Neck Paraganglioma Patients: Cost Reduction Strategy in Genetic Diagnostic Process as Fall-Out
Erythrocyte aggregation portends worse outcomes in unstable angina patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (2013)

Elevated EA portends worse outcomes in UAP patients undergoing PCI.
A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Medical Image Segmentation (2006)

This paper introduces a new method to medical image segmentation using a reinforcement learning scheme. We use this novel idea as an effective way to optimally find the appropriate local thresholding and structuring element values and segment the prostate in ultrasound images. Reinforcement learning agent uses an ultrasound image and its manually segmented version and takes some actions (i.e., different thresholding and structuring element values) to change the environment (the quality of segmented image). The agent is provided with a scalar reinforcement signal determined objectively. The agent uses these objective reward/punishment to explore/exploit the solution space. The values obtained using this way can be used as valuable knowledge to fill a Q-matrix. The reinforcement learning agent can use this knowledge for similar ultrasound images as well. The results demonstrate high potential for applying reinforcement learning in the field of medical image segmentation.
Tracking slow-moving landslides over large regions using open-access standardized InSAR products produced by the Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) Center for Natural Hazards project (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Slow-moving landslides are hydrologically driven and respond to changes in precipitation over daily to decadal timescales. Open-access satellite InSAR data products, which are becoming increasingly common, can be used to investigate landslides (and other ground surface deformation) over large regions. Here we use standardized open-access satellite radar interferometry data processed by the Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) team at NASA&amp;amp;#8217;s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to identify 247 active landslides in California, USA. These landslides occur in both wet and dry climates and span more than ~2 m/yr in mean annual rainfall. We quantify the sensitivity of 38 landslides to changes in rainfall, including a drought and extreme rainfall that occurred in California between 2015 and 2020. Despite the large differences in climate, we found these landslides exhibited surprisingly similar behaviors and hydrologic sensitivity, which was characterized by faster (slower) than normal velocities during wetter (drier) than normal years. Our study documents the first application of open-access standardized InSAR products from ARIA to identify and monitor landslides across large regions. Due to the large volume of open-access InSAR data that is currently available, and will continue to increase with time, especially with the upcoming launch of the NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) satellite, standardized InSAR products will become one of the primary ways to deliver InSAR data to the broader scientific community. Thus, it is important to continue to explore new approaches to analyze these InSAR products for scientific research.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Quantum-correlated photon pairs generated in a commercial 45  nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor microelectronic chip (2015)

Correlated photon pairs are a fundamental building block of quantum photonic systems. While pair sources have previously been integrated on silicon chips built using customized photonics manufacturing processes, these often take advantage of only a small fraction of the established techniques for microelectronics fabrication and have yet to be integrated in a process that also supports electronics. Here we report the first demonstration of quantum-correlated photon pair generation in a device fabricated in an unmodified advanced (sub-100-nm) complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, alongside millions of working transistors. The microring resonator photon pair source is formed in the transistor layer structure, with the resonator core formed by the silicon layer typically used for the transistor body. With ultralow CW on-chip pump powers ranging from 4.8 to 400 μW, we demonstrate pair generation rates between 165 Hz and 332 kHz using >80% efficient WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Coincidences-to-accidentals ratios consistently exceeding 40 were measured, with a maximum of 55. In the process of characterizing this source, we also accurately predict pair generation rates from the results of classical stimulated four-wave mixing measurements. This proof-of-principle device demonstrates the potential of commercial CMOS microelectronics as an advanced quantum photonics platform with the capability of large volumes and pristine process control, where state-of-the-art high-speed digital circuits could interact with quantum photonic circuits.
Nucleobindin-1 regulates ECM degradation by promoting intra-Golgi trafficking of MMPs (2020)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade several ECM components and are crucial modulators of cell invasion and tissue organization. Although much has been reported about their function in remodeling ECM in health and disease, their trafficking across the Golgi apparatus remains poorly understood. Here we report that the cis-Golgi protein nucleobindin-1 (NUCB1) is critical for MMP2 and MT1-MMP trafficking along the Golgi apparatus. This process is Ca2+-dependent and is required for invasive MDA-MB-231 cell migration as well as for gelatin degradation in primary human macrophages. Our findings emphasize the importance of NUCB1 as an essential component of MMP transport and its overall impact on ECM remodeling.
Cervical Pedicle Screw Insertion: Assessment of Safety and Accuracy with Computer-Assisted Image Guidance (2000)

Spine Center The Emory Clinic, Inc. Decatur, Georgia, U.S.A. OMISSION This commentary was inadvertently omitted from the May/June issue of the Journal of Spinal Disorders, Volume 13, Number 3, and should have accompanied the article on pages 218–224, “Cervical Pedicle Screw Insertion: Assessment of Safety and Accuracy with Computer-Assisted Image Guidance,” by Mikio Kamimura, Sohei Ebara, Hidehiro Itoh, Yutaka Tateiwa, Tetsuya Kinoshita, and Kunio Takaoka.
After Death (2020)

Roger Reeves | 131 To get the light and dead coming through The window without distinguishing one From the other is the day with and without Its mastery, stumbling upon a dead deer In a neighbor’s field, knowing it was left There for you not as muse but as memory Dropped, broken off. Death no longer concerned With this beast that once covered a field With the white breath of its longing Because the animal is beyond death, And death has no interest in what is beyond It, so now it’s off to stare at the barely-­ Standing-­ there Drunk swaying beneath two scythes Hanging on two boards above his raised eyes, The afternoon drifting into doorways, Death now in a pocket of pines, in the thick Hair of a boy who turns a skunk over With a stick, watching the Christmas of its intestines Steam in the snow. Death touching the boy Where it is he will know him—beneath the arm As if raising him up to this common Understanding. Desire is everywhere In this field, even in me who is not In this field but, from my many windows, Watching the night’s dark light fall and dwell In its falling which sends me stumbling To my newborn’s invisible breathing, Wanting to ensure the invisible Holds, my fig-­ branch finger stretched beneath her poetry After Death Roger Reeves 132 | Roger Reeves Nose, me wondering: what is beyond death? And what is this rage in darkness? And my father, what is he other than dead, Rage and so much light and so much light? ...
Is there a real alternative anticoagulant to heparin in continuous treatments? (2005)

Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) have become increasingly popular in the past 10 years. The reasons for their wide acceptance in critical care nephrology are numerous, and all trace b...