gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fleetwide Safety Benefits of Production Forward Collision and Lane Departure Warning Systems (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW) systems are two active safety systems that have recently been added to the U.S. New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) evaluation. Vehicles that pass confirmation tests may advertise the presence of FCW and LDW alongside the vehicle's star safety rating derived from crash tests. This paper predicts the number of crashes and injured drivers that could be prevented if all vehicles in the U.S. fleet were equipped with production FCW and/or LDW systems. Models of each system were developed using the test track data collected for 16 FCW and 10 LDW systems by the NCAP confirmation tests. These models were used in existing fleetwide benefits models developed for FCW and LDW.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The 16 FCW systems evaluated could have potentially prevented between 9% and 53% of all rear-end collisions and prevented between 19% and 60% of injured (MAIS2+) drivers. Earlier warning times prevented more warnings and injuries. The lower operating speed thresholds of some systems also greatly affected benefits estimates. The results of this study suggest that future FCW testing protocols should also include low-speed warnings under 25 mph because of the potential safety benefits of these systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For LDW systems, the 10 systems tested had similar benefits if distance to the lane marking was used as the metric for delivering the warning. For all vehicles, the number of crashes prevented varied from 29% to 32% and the number of injured (MAIS3+) drivers prevented varied from 25% to 27%. LDW benefits are more sensitive to Time to Lane Cross (TTLC) as a metric for warning delivery. The number of crashes varied from 13% to 47% and the number of injured drivers varied from 10% to 42% when TTLC was the metric used to deliver the LDW. This result suggests that future LDW tests should consider TTLC as a metric in addition to distance to lane cross.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Shear strength characteristics of a sand clay liner (2020)

This study investigated shear strength behaviour of compacted sand-clay mixtures used as liners, with 10%, 20%, and 30% clay contents. A natural high-plasticity and highly expansive clay found in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia was used. A series of consolidated undrained triaxial tests and pore water pressure measurements of saturated samples with various clay contents and confining pressures was conducted using a computer-controlled Bishop and Wesley triaxial cell. The unit was equipped with pressure volume controllers and a pressure transducer for measuring sample volume changes and excess pore water pressure. The experimental test results indicate that clay content and confining pressure significantly affect stress strain response curves, pore water pressure generation curves, and steady-state shear strength. Sand-clay mixtures with clay content less than 10% showed a tendency toward contractive behaviour. The failure line slope increased in accordance with clay content increase. The deviator stress versus axial strain of saturated sand-clay mixtures indicated a hyperbolic trend. The stress ratio versus axial strain representation was more informative for the shear strength behaviour assessment. Clay content did not significantly affect critical-state friction angle. Scanning electron microscope images of the sand-clay mixtures with different clay contents are presented.
Rotorcraft Real Time Damage Alleviation through Load Limiting Control (2014)

This paper presents an in-flight damage alleviation system for rotorcraft based upon an in-the-loop structural model which provides component damage estimates as feedback to the control system for control gain adjustment. Using a dynamic inversion control system architecture coupled with an artificial neural network based damage model, a substantial increase in the lifespan of specific rotor head structural components has been found with minimal impact to the handling qualities of the rotorcraft.
Influenza virus circulation in Cambodia (2011)

Background The Cambodian National Influenza Center (NIC) was established in August 2006 for the purpose of documenting the dynamics of influenza disease and to virologically characterize the circulating strains. To continuously monitor influenza activity, a hospital-based sentinel surveillance system for ILI (influenza-like illness) with a weekly reporting and sampling scheme was initially established in five sites in 2006. In addition, hospitalbased surveillance of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) cases was established in 2 sites.
FEASIBILITY OF MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE IN-LINE INSPECTION AS A METHOD TO DETECT AND CHARACTERIZE MECHANICAL DAMAGE. FINAL REPORT, OCTOBER 1994-MAY 1996 (1996)

The objective of the project was to assess the feasibility of using the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique to detect mechanical damage defects in natural gas pipelines and, if viable, begin to quantify its potential. Having an in-line inspection technique to detect and characterize mechanical damage defects, especially those defects which may lead to delayed failure, is important. Mechanical damage components were classified as removed metal, simple gouges, and simple dents. For each of these primary components, the defect will generally consist of geometric deformation and cold working of the pipe material. Both must be known to determine defect severity.
Security in a Cloud Bazaar (2021)

While cloud computing is transforming society, today's public clouds are black boxes, implemented and operated by a single provider that makes all business and technology decisions. In 2013 we launched the Mass Open Cloud (MOC) with the vision of creating a production cloud that would enable innovation by a broad industry and research community. This open cloud has become a laboratory for cloud research and innovation, resulting in hundreds of publications, contributions to open source software, and collaborations between researchers, open source developers, and production operations staff. Recently we launched the Open Research Cloud Initiative (ORCI) to provide a framework to coordinate the bazaar of interrelated projects and initiatives that have evolved since 2013, including the Red Hat [email protected], Open Cloud Testbed (OCT), New England Research Cloud (NERC), Northeast Storage Exchange (NESE), Operate First, and OpenInfra Labs.
Symmetry-resolved surface-derived electronic structure of MoS<sub>2</sub>(0 0 0 1) (2014)

We find a wave vector dependence of the band symmetries for MoS(2)(0 0 0 1) in angle-resolved photoemission. The band structures are found to be significantly different for states of even and odd reflection parities, despite the absence of true mirror plane symmetry away from Γ, the Brillouin zone center, along the line to the K point, at the Brillouin zone edge. Our measurements agree with density functional theory (DFT) calculations for each band symmetry, with the notable exception of the Mo 4d(x(2)-y(2)) contributions to the valence band structure of MoS(2)(0 0 0 1). The band structure is indicative of strong S 3p and Mo 4d hybridization. In particular, the top of the valence band is predominantly composed of Mo 4d(3z(2)-r(2)) derived states near Γ, whereas near K Mo 4d(x(2)-y(2)) as well as Mo 4d(xy) dominate. In contrast, the bottom of the valence band is dominated by Mo 5s and S 3p(z) contributions.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation Through an Intermolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer Mechanism (2021)

The direct dehydrogenation of alkanes is among the most efficient ways to access valuable alkene products. Although several catalysts have been designed to promote this transformation, they have unfortunately found limited applications in fine chemical synthesis. Here, we report a conceptually novel strategy for the catalytic, intermolecular dehydrogenation of alkanes using a ruthenium catalyst. The combination of a redox-active ligand and a sterically hindered aryl radical intermediate has unleashed this novel strategy. Importantly, mechanistic investigations have been performed to provide a conceptual framework for the further development of this new catalytic dehydrogenation system.
Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure (2020)

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded only limited insights, leaving the observed heritability of HF largely unexplained. We report results from a GWAS meta-analysis of HF comprising 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls. Twelve independent variants at 11 genomic loci are associated with HF, all of which demonstrate one or more associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, or reduced left ventricular function, suggesting shared genetic aetiology. Functional analysis of non-CAD-associated loci implicate genes involved in cardiac development (MYOZ1, SYNPO2L), protein homoeostasis (BAG3), and cellular senescence (CDKN1A). Mendelian randomisation analysis supports causal roles for several HF risk factors, and demonstrates CAD-independent effects for atrial fibrillation, body mass index, and hypertension. These findings extend our knowledge of the pathways underlying HF and may inform new therapeutic strategies.
The Mechanism by Which Proteolysis Enhances the Ligand-Binding Activity of Guinea Pig Type II Fc Receptor for IgG (Fe RIIB) (1998)

We have previously shown that the ligand-binding activity of type II Fc receptor for IgG (FcgammaRIIB) on guinea pig peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes is very low and dramatically increases after treatment of the cells with proteolytic enzymes. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanism of this augmentation. We found that the protease treatment failed to enhance the binding of monomeric IgG to FcgammaRIIB, increased the binding of small immune complexes (IC) prepared under antigen-excess conditions only modestly, but markedly enhanced the binding of large IC prepared under antibody-excess conditions. These results suggest that proteolysis increases the ligand-binding avidity but not the intrinsic affinity of FcgammaRIIB. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the mobility of FcgammaRIIB on the cell surface was increased after protease treatment. In addition, transfection experiments indicated that the effect of proteolysis on IC binding to CHO cells expressing guinea pig FcgammaRIIB was strongly dependent on the receptor density. Finally, we demonstrated that the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of FcgammaRIIB were not involved in the proteolysis-induced augmentation of IC binding. Together our results suggest that the mobility of FcgammaRIIB, which may be restricted due to the association of the ectodomain of the receptor with unknown membrane proteins, is enhanced by proteolysis, allowing the receptors to bind multivalent ligands more readily and hence with higher avidity.
Morphological analysis of photocured polyurethane acrylate networks. Correlation with viscoelastic properties (1999)

In this paper, we investigate the final morphology of photocured polyurethane acrylates based on polypropylene oxide by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), and dynamic mechanical measurements. Two interrelated structural features on two different size scales can occur in these systems. TEM analysis demonstrates the presence of inhomogeneities on the length scale of 10–200 manometers, mostly constituted by clusters of small hard units (diacrylated diisocyanate) connected by polyacrylate chains. The bimodal shape of the dynamic mechanical relaxation spectra corroborates this two-phase structure. Besides, a suborganization of the reacted diisocyanate hard segments inside the polyurethane acrylate matrix is revealed by SAXS measurements, depending on the nature of the hydroxylacrylate used for the synthesis of the precursor. Finally, UV-exposure time is found to induce modifications on the viscoelastic properties of the final network, even at high double-bond conversion: this effect can be due to a postreaction and to an increase of the crosslinking density inside the hard segments domains. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 919–937, 1999
Determination of Orientation and Alloying Effects on Creep Response and Deformation Mechanisms in Single Crystals of Ni‐Base Disk Superalloys (2016)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials and Experimental Methods Result Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in sickle cell disease and thalassaemic patients with interferon and ribavirin (2009)

A sustained virological response can be obtained in SCD and TM patients. No earlier study of excellent haematological tolerance among SCD patients under ribavirin has been reported to date. The results of this study suggest that full dose ribavirin could be used from the start of treatment in SCD patients.
Cellular distribution of HLA-G mRNA in transgenic mouse placentas. (1993)

The human MHC class I gene, HLA-G, is unique among members of the class I gene family in that it is nonpolymorphic, and expression is primarily restricted to extraembryonic tissues. To examine regulatory elements that direct tissue- and cell lineage-specific expression of this gene, transgenic mice expressing HLA-G have been established. In this study, in situ hybridization was used to evaluate the cellular distribution of HLA-G mRNA in transgenic placentas. Extraembryonic tissues were obtained at gestation day 12.5 from embryos that had been microinjected with either 6.0 or 5.7 kb of HLA-G genomic DNA and had been transferred into pseudopregnant HLA-G transgenic mice or Swiss mice. The 6.0 kb transgene contained an additional 250 bp at the extreme 5'-end of the upstream region. Genotype of the recipient had no discernable effect on the cellular distribution of HLA-G mRNA. HLA-G mRNA was present in both trophoblast and mesenchymal cells in transgenic placentas carrying 6.0 kb of genomic HLA-G, a pattern strikingly similar to that of HLA-G message distribution in early gestation human placentas. By contrast, in placentas from embryos carrying 5.7 kb HLA-G DNA, specific mRNA was found primarily in mesenchymal cells at the base of the placenta. Thus, the 6.0 genomic fragment contains elements capable of directing HLA-G expression in placentas, and is particularly influential in the trophoblastic cell lineage.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Persistent Methicillin‐Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Bacteremia In Vitro and in an Experimental Endocarditis Model (2008)

Our findings indicate that PB isolates may have specific virulence signatures that distinguish them from RB isolates. These data suggest that methods might be developed to identify patients at higher risk for PB in real-time, thereby optimizing the effectiveness of anti-MRSA therapeutic strategies.
Bioclipse-R: integrating management and visualization of life science data with statistical analysis (2012)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Uniform binding and negative catalysis at the origin of enzymes (2022)

Enzymes are well known for their catalytic abilities, some even reaching "catalytic perfection" in the sense that the reaction they catalyze has reached the physical bound of the diffusion rate. However, our growing understanding of enzyme superfamilies has revealed that only some share a catalytic chemistry while others share a substrate-handle binding motif, for example, for a particular phosphate group. This suggests that some families emerged through a "substrate-handle-binding-first" mechanism ("binding-first" for brevity) instead of "chemistry-first" and we are, therefore, left to wonder what the role of non-catalytic binders might have been during enzyme evolution. In the last of their eight seminal, back-to-back articles from 1976, John Albery and Jeremy Knowles addressed the question of enzyme evolution by arguing that the simplest mode of enzyme evolution is what they defined as "uniform binding" (parallel stabilization of all enzyme-bound states to the same degree). Indeed, we show that a uniform-binding proto-catalyst can accelerate a reaction, but only when catalysis is already present, that is, when the transition state is already stabilized to some degree. Thus, we sought an alternative explanation for the cases where substrate-handle-binding preceded any involvement of a catalyst. We find that evolutionary starting points that exhibit negative catalysis can redirect the reaction's course to a preferred product without need for rate acceleration or product release; that is, if they do not stabilize, or even destabilize, the transition state corresponding to an undesired product. Such a mechanism might explain the emergence of "binding-first" enzyme families like the aldolase superfamily.
Association of the serotonin transporter polymorphism and obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Systematic review (2008)

We investigated the association between the long (l) and short (s) alleles of the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the promoter region of the SLC6A4 gene and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using meta-analysis to combine all published data from case-control and family based association studies (2,283 cases). In stratified meta-analysis we investigated whether age of sample (child and adult), ethnicity (Caucasian and Asian) and study design (case-control and family-based association studies) moderated any association. In the overall meta-analysis we found no evidence of association between genetic variation at the 5-HTTLPR locus and OCD. We did find significant heterogeneity between studies. In the stratified meta-analyses, we demonstrated a significant association between the l-allele and OCD in family-based association studies and in studies involving children and Caucasians. Our meta-analysis suggests the possibility that the l-allele may be associated with OCD in specific OCD subgroups such as childhood-onset OCD and in Caucasians. Further meta-analyses based on individual patient data would be helpful in determining whether age of OCD onset, gender and the presence of comorbid illness (e.g., tics) moderates the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and OCD.
Alzheimer's disease, depression and normal ageing: merit of simple psychomotor and visuospatial tasks (2000)

Translated into neuropsychological terms, these data suggest deficiencies in basic central operations, a slowing of central information processing and attentional deficits in AD and depressed patients. Psychomotor tasks were able to distinguish effectively healthy elderly persons from AD and depressed patients. This test battery, however, appears to be limited in differentiating AD from depression.
Modeling Laser Beam Absorption of Metal Alloys at High Temperatures for Selective Laser Melting (2021)

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a promising technology to fabricate metallic components with complex geometries. However, determining process windows for specific materials and SLM machines by trial‐and‐error experiments is time consuming and expensive. Numerical simulation has been demonstrated as an efficient way to aid the process development. A crucial aspect is the absorption and reflection of the laser by the material. While there exist elaborated ray tracing approaches and absorption models, the most important drawback is to measure a reliable reflection coefficient of the material for different temperatures and phases. In this work, we discuss the application of a laser beam absorption model for SLM of metal alloys in the high temperature regime. The model bases on fundamental physical laws by taking reflection, refraction and absorption into account. The corresponding reflection coefficient is related to other physical quantities, like the electrical resistivity. The computed reflection coefficients are compared with reflection coefficient measurements of liquid NiFe alloys and with SLM of stainless steel 316L and Ti–6Al–4V. Finally, the laser beam absorption model is implemented in SAMPLE2D, a software for simulation of additive manufacturing on the powder scale, and is exemplary applied on single track melting experiments on compact Ti–6Al–4V plates.
Using evolutionary computation to optimize an SVM used in detecting buried objects in FLIR imagery (2013)

In this paper we describe an approach for optimizing the parameters of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) as part of an algorithm used to detect buried objects in forward looking infrared (FLIR) imagery captured by a camera installed on a moving vehicle. The overall algorithm consists of a spot-finding procedure (to look for potential targets) followed by the extraction of several features from the neighborhood of each spot. The features include local binary pattern (LBP) and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) as these are good at detecting texture classes. Finally, we project and sum each hit into UTM space along with its confidence value (obtained from the SVM), producing a confidence map for ROC analysis. In this work, we use an Evolutionary Computation Algorithm (ECA) to optimize various parameters involved in the system, such as the combination of features used, parameters on the Canny edge detector, the SVM kernel, and various HOG and LBP parameters. To validate our approach, we compare results obtained from an SVM using parameters obtained through our ECA technique with those previously selected by hand through several iterations of “guess and check”.
Wie Thiostrepton im Labor synthetisiert wurde (2012)

Abstract Thiostrepton, ein zu der Klasse der Thiopeptide gehörendes potentes Antibiotikum, wurde zum ersten Mal im Jahre 2004 im Zuge einer anstrengenden Kampagne mit neuen Strategien und Taktiken, Umwegen und unerwarteten Hindernissen im Labor synthetisiert. In diesem Aufsatz schildert der Autor die lange Reise zum Erfolg, die Odysseus’ Rückkehr nach Ithaka nicht unähnlich war und voller Abenteuer, Wissen und Weisheit steckte. Inspiriert vom Schreibstil Mahaffys 1 hat sich der Autor einige Freiheiten mit dem Stil genommen, in dem dieser Aufsatz geschrieben ist.
The Design, Synthesis and Characterization of the Molecular Components of Organic Conductors (1982)

Abstract Following an examination of the design constraints for the formulation of good organic conductors and a brief review of the synthesis of heterocyclic selenium π-donors such as TMTSF and the zero pressure organic superconductor (TMTSF)2ClO4, the preparation and characterization of five new π-donors is outlined. These new π-donors are dithiophenotetrathiafulvalene, (DTTTF), dithiophenotetraselenafulvalene (DTTSF), dibenzotetraselenafulvalene (DBTSF), dibenzotetratellurafulvalene (DBTTeF), and benzotrisselenophene (BTS).
Reconstructing tumor amplisomes (2004)

We reconstruct the structure of tumor amplisomes by analyzing duplications in the tumor genome. Our approach relies on recently generated data from End Sequence Profiling (ESP) experiments, which allow us to examine the fine structure of duplications in a tumor on a genome-wide scale. Using ESP data, we formulate the Amplisome Reconstruction Problem, describe an algorithm for its solution, and derive a putative architecture of a tumor amplisome that is the source for duplicated material in the MCF7 breast tumor cell line.
Helper‐suppressor T‐cell leukemia: Unusual phenotype controlled with low‐dose deoxycoformycin (1991)

Presented is an unusual case of chronic T-cell leukemia. Immunophenotypic profile revealed the leukemia cells to express T4 and T8 surface markers simultaneously. The patient was treated with low-dose deoxycoformycin and control of symptoms and lymphocyte levels shown to correlate with ADA and dATP/ATP levels.