gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gyre Precoding for MU-MIMO Systems (2021)

This work introduces Gyre Precoding (GP), a novel linear multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) precoding approach. GP performs rotations of the symbols of each spatial layer to optimize the precoding performance. To find the rotation angles, we propose a near-optimal, gradient descent–based low-complexity algorithm. GP is constellation-agnostic and does not require significant changes to conventional receiver procedures or wireless standards. Computer evaluation results show that GP can achieve 8 dB SNR gains over linear precoding techniques and 2 dB over suboptimal symbol-level precoding (SLP) methods for a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16\times16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MU-MIMO system. Furthermore, in a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$64\times12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> massive-MIMO scenario in a 5G New Radio (5GNR) setup, GP achieves a 13% higher throughput gain over zero-forcing precoding.
Abstract 635: Triggering cancer cell death using light-inactivation of the Ki-67 protein (2010)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Specific destruction of cancer cells can reduce the acute systemic toxicity associated with current treatments. This can be achieved by targeting key molecular markers implicated in cancer cell growth. One such marker associated with cell proliferation is the Ki-67 protein (pKi-67) and is highly expressed in cancer cells. However it is a protein that resides inside the nuclei of cells and thus targeting it has been a challenge so far. Here, we show an innovative proof-of-principle approach for efficient killing of proliferating ovarian cancer cells by photoinactivation of pKi-67 with nanotechnology-based photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS: Anti pKi-67 antibodies were conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) which is used as a photoactivatable agent. These conjugates were then encapsulated inside liposomes for intracellular delivery. The efficacy of Ki-67 targeting was evaluated using two in vitro models of ovarian cancer, monolayer cultures and 3D cultures established in our lab. Cell viability after irradiation with laser light at 488 nm was assessed using MTT viability assay for monolayer cultures while a Live/Dead assay kit was used for analyzing 3D cultures. RESULTS: First we demonstrated the delivery of pKi-67 antibodies to the nucleoli of ovarian cancer cells with liposomal constructs. Irradiation of these cells with a 488 nm laser led to a significant loss of viability when pKi-67 was targeted with the TuBB-9-FITC antibodies. The antibody TuBB-9 recognizes a fraction of pKi-67, which is involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis. The efficacy of this approach was also demonstrated in a 3D culture model of OVCAR-5 cells. Incubation of 3D cultures with the liposomal constructs followed by light irradiation led to destruction of their acinar structures over 72 h following treatment. Analysis of cell killing with dependence on acinar size showed that largest acini responded best to the treatment. The specificity of this approach was demonstrated in confluent human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) where only a small population expresses pKi-67 and consistent with our hypothesis, minimal cell death was observed here. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that pKi-67 is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. This approach allows destruction of the most aggressive cancer cells and holds promise as an effective alternative treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 635.
A display of pH-sensitive fusogenic GALA peptide facilitates endosomal escape from a Bio-nanocapsule via an endocytic uptake pathway (2014)

The genetic fusion of a GALA peptide to the virus-like particle confers the ability of endosomal escape.
Symmetry Breaking: Polymorphic Form Selection by Enantiomers of the Melatonin Agonist and Its Missing Polymorph (2012)

Synthesis of a melatonin agonist for treatment of sleep disorders produced a pair of enantiomers, of which one is biologically active. Two polymorphs were discovered using the inactive enantiomer, conserving the active enantiomer for toxicological testing. Later studies with the active enantiomer yielded only the metastable form, despite more than 1000 attempts to isolate the stable form. The difficulty is surprising, since the stable form is favored by 0.7 kcal mol–1, which is toward the extreme for stability differences between organic polymorphs. Study of individual enantiomers allowed the phase behavior of polymorphs of greatly different energy to be examined without interconversion. A number of unusual features are noted. After the stable polymorph of the inactive enantiomer was nucleated, the metastable form became very difficult to isolate. The metastable form converts into a less soluble monohydrate structure in water, whereas the stable polymorph does not due to its reduced activity. Both chiral polymorphs are denser than the racemic crystalline form at low temperature, the stable form being at the extreme for chiral-racemic pairs. Free energy-temperature relations predict “spontaneous resolution” of the racemic crystalline form into a conglomerate mixture of stable polymorph at low temperature. The unusual characteristics of the system are explained by hydrogen bonding and conformational flexibility of the molecule. Ab initio calculations aid in understanding the relative contributions of these interactions to the lattice energies and the role that conformational energy differences play in the polymorphic stability. This system highlights the importance of the creation of the very first nuclei of a crystalline form. The reluctance of the stable form to nucleate is attributed to a large energy difference between polymorphic forms. The large interfacial tension for primary nucleation reduces the probability of forming clusters of size sufficient for favorable growth in the absence of heterogeneous nucleation. This study highlights how nucleation of a new form can revise the readily “accessible” region of a compound’s crystal form landscape.
Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of L-alanosinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylic acid ribonucleoside (1984)

L-Alanosine [3-(hydroxynitrosoamino)-L-alanine] is an antitumor antibiotic that at the present is undergoing phase II clinical trials. Its mode of action as well as its metabolism has been extensively studied, and the metabolite N-[(5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-3- (hydroxynitrosoamino)-L-alanine ribonucleotide (L-alanosine AICOR) proved to be an extremely potent inhibitor of de novo purine biosynthesis and is thus primarily responsible for the antitumor activity of the drug. The synthesis of the corresponding ribonucleoside, i.e., N-[(5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-3- (hydroxynitrosamino)-L-alanine ribonucleoside (L-alanosine AICO ribonucleoside), was accomplished by condensation of a suitably protected derivative of L-alanosine with N-succinimidyl-5-amino-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-im idazole-4-carboxylate followed by the removal of the protective groups. The biological activity of L-alanosine AICO ribonucleoside was tested in vitro on whole tumor cells and on the isolated enzyme adenylosuccinate synthetase and in vivo on murine experimental leukemia. The compound was found to be inactive in these tests.
Metal Substitution Modulates the Reactivity and Extends the Reaction Scope of Myoglobin Carbene Transfer Catalysts (2017)

Engineered myoglobins have recently emerged as promising scaffolds for catalyzing carbene-mediated transformations. In this work, we investigated the effect of altering the metal center and its first-sphere coordination environment on the carbene transfer reactivity of myoglobin. To this end, we first established an efficient protocol for the recombinant expression of myoglobin variants incorporating metalloporphyrins with non-native metals, including second- and third-row transition metals (ruthenium, rhodium, iridium). Characterization of the cofactor-substituted myoglobin variants across three different carbene transfer reactions (cyclopropanation, N-H insertion, S-H insertion) revealed a major influence of the nature of metal center, its oxidation state and first-sphere coordination environment on the catalytic activity, stereoselectivity, and/or oxygen tolerance of these artificial metalloenzymes. In addition, myoglobin variants incorporating manganese- or cobalt-porphyrins were found capable of catalyzing an intermolecular carbene C-H insertion reaction involving phthalan and ethyl α-diazoacetate, a reaction not supported by iron-based myoglobins and previously accessed only using iridium-based (bio)catalysts. These studies demonstrate how modification of the metalloporphyrin cofactor environment provides a viable and promising strategy to enhance the catalytic properties and extend the reaction scope of myoglobin-based carbene transfer catalysts.
A Silicon-on-Insulator-Based Dual-Gain Charge-Sensitive Pixel Detector for Low-Noise X-ray Imaging for Future Astronomical Satellite Missions (2018)

In this paper, we report on the development of a monolithic active pixel sensor for X-ray imaging using 0.2 µm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based technology to support next generation astronomical satellite missions. Detail regarding low-noise dual-gain SOI based pixels with a charge sensitive amplifier and pinned depleted diode sensor structure is presented. The proposed multi-well sensor structure underneath the fully-depleted SOI allows the design of a detector with low node capacitance and high charge collection efficiency. Configurations for achieving very high charge-to-voltage conversion gain of 52 µV/e<sup>-</sup> and 187 µV/e<sup>-</sup> are demonstrated. Furthermore, in-pixel dual gain selection is used for low-noise and wide dynamic range X-ray energy detection. A technique to improve the noise performance by removing correlated system noise leads to an improvement in the spectroscopic performance of the measured X-ray energy. Taken together, the implemented chip has low dark current (44.8 pA/cm² at -30 °C), improved noise performance (8.5 e<sup>-</sup> rms for high gain and 11.7 e<sup>-</sup> rms for low gain), and better energy resolution of 2.89% (171 eV FWHM) at 5.9 keV using <sup>55</sup>Fe and 1.67% (234 eV FWHM) at 13.95 keV using <sup>241</sup>Am.
Role of a C-terminal residue of an immunodominant epitope in T cell activation and repertoire diversity (1997)

In the present study, the extent of heterogeneity in the high responder T cell response to the predominant epitope region of hen egg white lysozyme (HEL46-61) was examined. Through analyses of T cell proliferation and precursor frequency, the C3H T cell response is shown not to be limited to peptides containing the previously defined minimal epitope of residues 52-61, but rather is quite heterogeneous, encompassing much of the 46-61 sequence. Further characterization using a panel of T cell hybridoma clones revealed T cell recognition of diverse minimal epitopes within this region. Interestingly, these T hybridomas could be grouped into three distinct categories based on the ability to respond to peptides with or without the native arginine residue at position 61 (61-required, 61-inhibitory, dual responders). Using analogue peptides containing single amino acid substitutions at position 61, further heterogeneity within these hybridoma groups was identified, suggesting the presence of an extremely diverse T cell repertoire for the epitope region. The charge and/or size of the C-terminal residue appears to be a critical factor for certain clones; replacement of the native arginine residue with aspartic acid or glutamic acid enabled a nonstimulatory ligand to specifically antagonize a T cell hybridoma response. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that the C-terminal residue of the predominant epitope in high responder mice plays a critical role in T cell diversity and activation.
Tailored and Integrated Production of Functional Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils via Sustainable Formic Acid Hydrolysis: Kinetic Study and Characterization (2019)

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are of great interest to researchers due to their outstanding properties and wide application potentials. However, green and sustainable production of CNCs and CNFs is still challenging. In this work, the integrated and sustainable production of functional CNCs and CNFs was achieved by formic acids (FA) hydrolysis. Kinetic study for FA hydrolysis of cellulosic pulp was performed to investigate the hydrolysis mechanism. FA concentration of 80–98 wt %, reaction temperature of 70–100 °C, and reaction duration up to 24 h were employed to capture the feature of the coexistence of a diversity of reaction products, i.e., CNCs, cellulose solid residue (CSR), cellulose formate (CF), xylose, glucose, and furfural. The separated CSR was further fibrillated to CNFs by homogenization. It was found that the yield, morphology, crystallinity, thermal stability, and degree of esterification of CNCs and CNFs were significantly affected by hydrolysis conditions (particularly for acid concentration). Detailed characterization indicated that the as-prepared CNCs exhibited high thermal stability (maximal weight loss temperature of 375 °C) and high crystallinity index of 79%. Both the resultant CNCs and CNFs showed good dispersibility in dimethylacetamide due to the introduction of ester groups on cellulose surface during FA hydrolysis. More interestingly, the regenerated CF was also a kind of functional CNFs with more ester groups. These ester groups would enable the CNCs/CNFs to be potentially used in polymeric materials due to the hydrophobic surface. Therefore, this study provided fundamental knowledge for the sustainable and integrated production of thermally stable and functional CNCs and CNFs with tailored characteristics.
Fabrication of GaAs Quantum Wire Structures by Hydrogen-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1993)

GaAs Quantum wire structures have been fabricated by hydrogen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on substrates having V-shaped grooves, the side walls of which consist of (111)A. The growth rate of GaAs on (111)A was significantly decreased by atomic hydrogen irradiation, while that on (001) was increased. The large difference in the growth rate between (001) and (111)A has been uniquely utilized for the fabrication of quantum wires. The existence of a quantum energy level in the quantum wire structures has been confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) measurement. The PL spectra showed a clear polarization dependence.
Formulation approaches to improving the delivery of an antiviral drug with activity against seasonal flu (2013)

The main objective of the present study was to develop formulations of noscapine hydrochloride hydrate with enhanced solubility and bioavailability using co-solvent- and cyclodextrin-based approaches. Different combinations of co-solvents, which were selected on the basis of high-throughput solubility screening, were subjected to in vitro intestinal drug permeability studies conducted with Ussing chambers. Vitamin E tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate and propylene glycol based co-solvent formulations provided the maximum permeability coefficient for the drug. Inclusion complexes of the drug were prepared using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and sulphobutylether cyclodextrins. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in male Sprague-Dawley rats for the selected formulations. The relative bioavailabilities of the drug with the co-solvent- and cyclodextrin-based formulations were found to be similar.
Mathematical Charm in Chemistry Problems (2004)

Development of logical approaches in problem solving helps students create new algorithms for specific problems, enhancing problem-solving skills for highly motivated students. Applying mathematics and logical thinking to chemistry problem solving allows students to extract pertinent information and explore novel problem-solving approaches. The implementation of inequalities, Diophantine equations, and the discrete nature of possible answers in chemistry problems are explored in example problems.
Preparation of the very acid‐sensitive Fmoc‐Lys(Mtt)‐OH Application in the synthesis of side‐chain to side‐chain cyclic peptides and oligolysine cores suitable for the solid‐phase assembly of MAPs and TASPs (1995)

N alpha-9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-N epsilon-4=methyltrityl-lysine, [Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OH], was prepared in two steps from lysine, in 42% overall yield. The N epsilon-Mtt function can be quantitatively removed upon treatment with 1% TFA in dichloromethane or with a 1:2:7 mixture of acetic acid/trifluoroethanol/dichloromethane for 30 min and 1 h at room temperature, respectively. Under these conditions, groups of the tert-butyl type and peptide ester bonds to TFA-labile resins, such as the 2-chlorodiphenylmethyl- and the Wang-resin, remained intact. The utility of the new derivative in peptide synthesis has been exemplified with the synthesis of a cyclic cholecystokinin analog. As an example of further application, five types of lysine cores suitable for the solid-phase synthesis of one, two or three epitopes containing antigenic peptides or template-assembled synthetic proteins have been synthesized on Merrifield, Wang and 2-chlorodiphenylmethyl resin.
Theoretical and experimental operating wavelength of GaAs/Al<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.75</sub>As IR photodetectors (2009)

IR photodetectors based on GaAs/Al0.25Ga0.75As multiquantum wells (QWIP) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are studied. The envelop function formalism is used to determine the theoretical intersubband transition energies. The electronic states are calculated in both parabolic and non parabolic cases. IR spectroscopy transmission is used as the experimental technique to evaluate the optical absorption. The measures are made at 77 K for incidence at both 45° and Brewster angles geometries. The last experimental results compare well with the theoretical ones and correspond to 10–12 m operating wavelength.
Granular Histiocytosis of Pelvic Lymph Nodes following Total Hip Arthroplasty. The Presence of Wear Debris, Cytokine Production, and Immunologically Activated Macrophages* (1996)

Additions improvements in total joint replacement will be facilitated by a more thorough understanding of the biological response to the components and materials of implants. While local biological factors leading to failure of prostheses are currently under intense investigation, the mechanisms and importance of regional and systemic immune responses to wear debris require further study.
Swimming in a crystal (2015)

We study catalytic Janus particles and Escherichia coli bacteria swimming in a two-dimensional colloidal crystal. The Janus particles orbit individual colloids and hop between colloids stochastically, with a hopping rate that varies inversely with fuel (hydrogen peroxide) concentration. At high fuel concentration, these orbits are stable for 100s of revolutions, and the orbital speed oscillates periodically as a result of hydrodynamic, and possibly also phoretic, interactions between the swimmer and the six neighbouring colloids. Motile E. coli bacteria behave very differently in the same colloidal crystal: their circular orbits on plain glass are rectified into long, straight runs, because the bacteria are unable to turn corners inside the crystal.
Eye Movement State Trajectory Estimator based on Ancestor Sampling (2020)

Human gaze dynamics mainly concern about the sequence of the occurrence of three eye movements: fixations, saccades, and microsaccades. In this paper, we correlate them as three different states to velocities of eye movements. We build a state trajectory estimator based on ancestor sampling (ST EAS) model, which captures the features of the human temporal gaze pattern to identify the kind of visual stimuli. We used a gaze dataset of 72 viewers watching 60 video clips which are equally split into four visual categories. Uniformly sampled velocity vectors from the training set, are used to find the best suitable parameters of the proposed statistical model. Then, the optimized model is used for both gaze data classification and video retrieval on the test set. We observed 93.265% of classification accuracy and a mean reciprocal rank of 0.888 for video retrieval on the test set. Hence, this model can be used for viewer independent video indexing for providing viewers an easier way to navigate through the contents.
[Acinar-cell tumors of the minor salivary glands]. (1991)

The authors present a rare case of acinic-cell tumor of minor salivary glands. In the dissertation are analyzed the clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects of this rare pathology.
Potentialities of wine yeasts to produce unusual aromas during fermentation (2020)

International audience
DNA topoisomerase targeting drugs: mechanisms of action and perspectives (1997)

The nuclear enzymes DNA topoisomerases I and II appeared as cellular targets for several antitumor drugs: campthotecin derivatives interacting with topoisomerase I, and actinomycin D, anthracycline derivatives, elliptinium acetate, mitoxantrone, epipodophyllotoxine derivatives, amsacrine and a new olivacine derivative, NSC-6596871 (S 16020-2), which interact with topoisomerase II. The functions of these enzymes are numerous and important since they are critical for DNA functions and cell survival. Despite the fact that they share the same target, topoisomerase II inhibitors have different mechanisms of action. Two principle types of induced alterations are involved in cellular resistance to topoisomerase II drugs: qualitative or quantitative alteration of the enzyme and/or increased drug efflux due to overexpression of P-glycoprotein. S 16020-2, a new olivacine derivative with a high antitumor activity against solid tumors, shows a potent cytotoxic effect against tumor cells expressing P-glycoprotein. This observation suggests that the comprehension of the respective effects of topoisomerase inhibitors and the precise knowledge of their mechanisms of resistance would improve the use of this therapeutic class in the clinic within rational chemotherapeutic combinations.
Imaging using electrons and ion beams (2007)

Scanning electron microscopes (SEM), transmission electron microscopes (TEM), and scanning TEM (STEM) have been used for structural observation of microdevices, advanced materials, and biological specimens. In recent years, a gallium (Ga) focused ion beam (FIB) has been used for preparing their cross-sectional samples [1, 2, 3, and Chapter 9 in this book]. Here, FIB works both as a milling beam and as a probe for a scanning ion microscope (SIM). SIM images are used during the whole milling processes, that is, drawing the milling area, milling monitoring, confirmation of the final milling, and observation of the FIB milled sections of interest. As SIM image resolution has been improved and about 5 nm is achievable at present, SIM observation has been increasingly used in place of SEM observation when there is no especial need for high image resolution.