gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy of shocks in molecular materials: The first 100 ps (1998)

A system which uses a picosecond laser of moderate energy (150 μJ) to generate high repetition rate (100/s) shocks in a monolithic microfabricated shock target array is described. The sample is a molecular material incorporated as a thin layer of the array. Initial results used to characterize the shocks are obtained on polycrystalline anthracene. Coherent Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the shock front risetime (<25 ps), the shock pressure (4.2 GPa), the shock-induced temperature jump (∼350 deg), the shock falltime (1.5 ns), and the shock velocity (∼4 km/s). The application of this nanoshock technique to biological materials, specifically the heme protein myoglobin, is discussed briefly.
Toward efficient hybrid silicon distributed feedback lasers (2012)

We review recent research on distributed feedback (DFB) lasers made using the III-V on Si platform.
Applications of adaptive feedback active noise control system (2003)

This paper presents the experimental results of using the single-channel adaptive feedback active noise control (AFANC) algorithm with an innovative setup to achieve global attenuation of industrial machine noise in settings such as large manufacturing plants. An effective solution of using active/passive techniques and three distributed error sensors is proposed. The performance of the AFANC algorithm is verified by real-time experiments using the TMS320C32 DSP to control vibratory bowl and welding power generator noises. The experiments results show that this single-channel AFANC system can effectively reduce the noise level and is cost effective, portable, and easy for installation to control many noisy sources in large spaces.
From Complexity to Simplicity: Adaptive ES-Active Subspaces for Blackbox\n Optimization (2019)

We present a new algorithm ASEBO for optimizing high-dimensional blackbox\nfunctions. ASEBO adapts to the geometry of the function and learns optimal sets\nof sensing directions, which are used to probe it, on-the-fly. It addresses the\nexploration-exploitation trade-off of blackbox optimization with expensive\nblackbox queries by continuously learning the bias of the lower-dimensional\nmodel used to approximate gradients of smoothings of the function via\ncompressed sensing and contextual bandits methods. To obtain this model, it\nleverages techniques from the emerging theory of active subspaces in the novel\nES blackbox optimization context. As a result, ASEBO learns the dynamically\nchanging intrinsic dimensionality of the gradient space and adapts to the\nhardness of different stages of the optimization without external supervision.\nConsequently, it leads to more sample-efficient blackbox optimization than\nstate-of-the-art algorithms. We provide theoretical results and test ASEBO\nadvantages over other methods empirically by evaluating it on the set of\nreinforcement learning policy optimization tasks as well as functions from the\nrecently open-sourced Nevergrad library.\n
Spleen transplantation in miniature swine: surgical technique and results in major histocompatibility complex-matched donor and recipient pairs* (2003)

Spleen Tx in major histocompatibility complex-matched pairs treated with CsA+/-thymic irradiation results in prolonged chimerism and is associated with the development of in vivo unresponsiveness to the transplanted spleen.
Elucidating the roles of solubility and ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the second gas effect using a two-step model of gas exchange (2020)

The second gas effect occurs when high inspired concentrations of a first gas, usually nitrous oxide, enhance the uptake of other gases administered simultaneously. The second gas effect is greater in blood than in the gas phase, persists well into the period of nitrous oxide maintenance anesthesia, increases as the degree of ventilation-perfusion mismatch increases, and is most pronounced with the low soluble agents in current use. Yet, how low gas solubility and increased ventilation-perfusion mismatch can combine to improve gas transfer remains unclear, which is the focus of the present study. Specifically, we have used a two-step model of gas exchange to separate the effect of gas volume contraction, which accompanies the first gas uptake, from other factors. <i>Step 1</i> involves the uptake of the second gas at constant volume. Contraction of gas volume takes place in <i>step 2</i> and is most effective in transferring further amounts of gas to blood if the volume of second gas exposed to the contraction is maximized, i.e., if the loss of second gas in <i>step 1</i> is minimized. Minimization depends on having a gas with a low solubility in blood and increases as the degree of ventilation-perfusion mismatch increases. The effectiveness of the contraction also requires a favorable alignment with the retained second gas. Alignment depends on the solubility of both gases and the degree of ventilation-perfusion mismatch. The model is fully consistent with classical concepts of gas exchange.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Gas exchange in the lung can always be represented as the sum of two components: gas exchange at constant volume followed by gas exchange on volume correction. Using this sequence to study the second gas effect, low gas solubility and increased ventilation-perfusion mismatch are shown to act together to enhance second gas uptake. While appearing to contravene classical concepts of gas exchange, a detailed theoretical analysis shows it is fully consistent with these concepts.
67-kDa Laminin Receptor Promotes Internalization of Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1-expressing Escherichia coli K1 into Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2004)

Escherichia coli K1 is the most common Gram-negative organism causing meningitis, and its invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) is a prerequisite for penetration into the central nervous system. We have reported previously that cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) contributes to E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC and interacts with 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor (37LRP) of HBMEC, which is a precursor of 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR). In the present study, we examined the role of 67LR in the CNF1-expressing E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC. Immunofluorescence microscopy and ligand overlay assays showed that 67LR is present on the HBMEC membrane and interacts with CNF1 protein as well as the CDPGYIGSR laminin peptide. 67LR was up-regulated and clustered at the sites of E. coli K1 on HBMEC in a CNF1-dependent manner. Pretreatment of CNF1+ E. coli K1 with recombinant 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor reduced the invasion rate to the level of Deltacnf1 mutant, and the invasion rate of CNF1+ E. coli K1 was enhanced in 67LR-overexpressing HBMEC, indicating 67LR is involved in the CNF1+ E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that, upon incubation with CNF1+ E. coli K1 but not with Deltacnf1 mutant, focal adhesion kinase and paxillin were recruited and associated with 67LR. When immobilized onto polystyrene beads, CNF1 was sufficient to induce internalization of coupled beads into HBMEC through interaction with 67LR. Taken together, this is the first demonstration that E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC occurs through the ligand-receptor (CNF1-67LR) interaction, and 67LR promotes CNF1-expressing E. coli K1 internalization of HBMEC.
Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation (2012)

Although monocyte- and macrophage-derived molecules are known to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) disruption and destabilization, it is less appreciated that they also synthesize molecules contributing to ECM formation, stabilization, and function. We have identified and characterized the synthesis of proteoglycans and related proteins, some not previously known to be associated with macrophages. Proteoglycan extracts of [(35)S]sulfate- and (35)S-trans amino acid-radiolabeled culture media from THP-1 monocytes induced to differentiate by treatment with phorbol myristate acetate revealed three major proteins of ~25, 90, and 100 kDa following chondroitin ABC lyase digestion. The 25-kDa protein was predominant for monocytes, whereas the 90- and 100-kDa proteins were predominant for macrophages. Tandem mass spectrometry identified (i) the 25-kDa core protein as serglycin, (ii) the 90-kDa core protein as inter-α-inhibitor heavy chain 2 (IαIHC2), and (iii) the 100-kDa core as amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2). Differentiation was also associated with (i) a >500-fold increase in mRNA for TNF-stimulated gene-6, an essential cofactor for heavy chain-mediated matrix stabilization; (ii) a >800-fold increase in mRNA for HAS2, which is responsible for hyaluronan synthesis; and (iii) a 3-fold increase in mRNA for versican, which interacts with hyaluronan. Biochemical evidence is also presented for an IαIHC2-APLP2 complex, and immunohistochemical staining of human atherosclerotic lesions demonstrates similar staining patterns for APLP2 and IαIHC2 with macrophages, whereas serglycin localizes to the underlying glycosaminoglycan-rich region. These findings indicate that macrophages synthesize many of the molecules participating in ECM formation and function, suggesting a novel role for these molecules in the differentiation of macrophages in the development of atherosclerosis.
Building a product line architecture for variant-rich enterprise applications using a data-oriented approach (2011)

IT industry in Japan has grown by providing specific made-to-order enterprise applications for various industries. Most of enterprise applications are built upon relational database management system (RDBMS), which takes the responsibility of keeping data integrity and data manipulation. However, data explosion in recent years especially in retail and telecommunication industries makes IT industry difficult to satisfy quality attributes such as scalability, availability and data consistency with traditional development techniques. From the beginning of this century, NRI has built and refined product line architecture as a primary core asset for such data intensive industries, which have very rich variations in functional and nonfunctional requirements of their enterprise applications. This paper summarizes key criteria to build such an architecture based on our ten years experience in developing dozens of mission critical IT systems as product families for those industries.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Epoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrobenzo(g)chrysene: The First Synthesis of a Fjord‐Region Tetrahydroepoxide. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thrombocytopenic Purpura as a Manifestation of Acute Hepatitis A (1993)

Extrahepatic autoimmune manifestations are rare in patients with acute hepatitis A infection. We describe a 34-year-old man in whom severe autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura developed as the manifestation of acute hepatitis A infection. Thrombocytopenic purpura is rarely described in association with hepatitis A, but to our knowledge has never been reported as a manifestation of acute hepatitis A.
Generalized Love waves (2002)

We present a generalized dispersion equation for shear horizontally polarized acoustic waves in a system of a finite-thickness substrate covered by a finite-thickness solid layer having a lower shear acoustic speed.The solutions to the equation describe both layerguided Love waves and resonant acoustic plate modes.We identify higher-order mode Love waves as continuations from the lowest-order acoustic plate mode associated with the previous Love wave mode.Experimental results are presented that confirm the relationship between the multiple Love wave modes and the acoustic plate modes.
Linear Well-Defined Polyamines via Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Activated Aziridines: From Mild Desulfonylation to Cell Transfection (2019)

Linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI), a standard for nonviral gene delivery, is usually prepared by hydrolysis from poly(2-oxazoline)s. Lately, anionic polymerization of sulfonamide-activated aziridines had been reported as an alternative pathway toward well-defined L-PEI and linear polyamines. However, desulfonylation of the poly(sulfonyl aziridine)s typically relied on harsh conditions (acid, microwave) or used a toxic solvent (e.g., hexamethylphosphoramide). In addition, the drastic change of polarity requires solvents, which keep poly(sulfonyl aziridine)s as well as L-PEI in solution, and only a limited number of strategies were reported. Herein, we prepared 1-(4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl) 2-methyl-aziridine (<b>1</b>) as a monomer for the anionic ring-opening polymerization. It was polymerized to well-defined and linear poly(sulfonyl aziridine)s. The 4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl-activating groups were removed under mild conditions to linear polypropylenimine (L-PPI). Using dodecanethiol and diazabicyclo-undecene (DBU) allowed ≥98% desulfonylation and a reliable purification toward polyamines with high purity and avoiding main-chain scission. This method represents a fast approach in comparison to previous methods used for postpolymerization desulfonylation and produces linear well-defined polyamines. The high control over molecular weight and dispersities achieved by living anionic polymerization are the key advantages of our strategy, especially if used for biomedical applications, in which molecular weight might correlate with toxicity. The synthesized polypropylenimine was further tested as a cell-transfection agent and proved, with 16.1% transfection efficiency of the cationic nanoparticles, to be an alternative to L-PEI obtained from the 2-oxazoline route. This general strategy will allow the preparation of complex macromolecular architectures containing polyamine segments, which were not accessible before.
Enabling Portable Building Applications through Automated Metadata Transformation (2014)

Sensor network research has facilitated advancements in various domains, such as industrial monitoring, environmental sensing, etc., and research challenges have shifted from creating infrastructure to utilizing it. Commercial buildings provide a valuable setting for investigating automated metadata acquisition and augmentation, as they typically comprise large sensor networks, but have limited, obscure 'tags' that are often meaningful only to the facility managers. Moreover, this primitive metadata is imprecise and varies across vendors and deployments. Extracting meaningful information from a building's sensor data, or control applications using the data, depends on the metadata available to interpret it, whether provided by novel networks or legacy instrumentation. This state-of-the-art is a fundamental barrier to scaling analytics or intelligent control across the building stock, as even the basic steps involve labor intensive manual efforts by highly trained consultants. Writing building applications on its sensor network remains largely intractable as it involves extensive help from an expert in each building's design and operation to identify the sensors of interest and create the associated metadata. This process is repeated for each application development in a particular building, and across different buildings. This results in customized building-specific application queries which are not portable or scalable across buildings. We present a synthesis technique that learns how to transform a building's primitive sensor metadata to a common namespace by using a small number of examples from an expert, such as the building manager. Once the transformation rules are learned for one building, it can be applied across buildings with a similar metadata structure. This common and understandable namespace can enable analytics applications that do not require apriori building-specific knowledge. Initial results show that learning the rules to transform 70% of the primitive metadata of two buildings (with completely different metadata structure), comprising 1600 and 2600 sensors, into a common namespace took only 21 and 27 examples respectively. The learned rules were able to transform similar primitive metadata in about 60 other buildings as well, enabling writing of portable applications across these buildings.
Distilling the knowledge in CNN for WCE screening tool (2019)

A way to improve the early detection of colorectal cancer is screening. Polyps are a marker of colorectal cancer and the best modality to detect them is the image. In 2003 Wireless Capsule Endoscopy was introduced and opened a way to integrate automatic image processing to realize a screening tool. Moreover, the capacity to detect polyp with Convolutional Neural Network was shown in many scientific studies, but one issue is the integration of these networks. In this article, we present our works to integrate CNN or image processing based on a CNN inside a WCE to realize a powerful screening tool. We apply the knowledge distillation method. We prove that knowledge distillation is efficient from VGG16 to Squeezenet in polyp detection context.
Evaluation of tacrolimus abbreviated area‐under‐the‐curve monitoring in renal transplant patients who are potientially at risk for adverse events (2009)

In a cohort of 32 renal transplant patients who are potentially at risk for adverse events, we compared tacrolimus (TAC) abbreviated AUC values calculated by a method developed in Asians (AUCw) with those derived for Caucasians (AUCa). The relationships between TAC trough (C0), abbreviated AUC, and biopsy results were also assessed. Forty-eight AUCs and 15 associated biopsies were evaluated. For AUCs obtained only from Caucasian patients, median AUCw value was lower than that of AUCa (104 vs. 115 ng×h/mL, n=29, p<0.0001). AUCs obtained from the two methods for all patients correlated with C0 (rs>0.72, n=48, p<0.0001). Median AUCw (72.9 vs. 174 ng×h/mL, p=0.043) and AUCa (81.0 vs. 203 ng×h/mL, p=0.043) were lower in patients experiencing biopsy-proven acute rejection (AR) than those with normal histology. C0 tended to be lower in biopsies showing AR>6 months post-transplant (5.80 vs. 11.0 ng/mL, p=0.110). Thus, lower abbreviated AUCs were obtained for Caucasians using a method developed in Asians. C0 correlated well with abbreviated AUCs. Lower C0 and AUC appeared to be associated with biopsy-proven AR>6 months post-transplant. Further prospective evaluation of TAC AUC and C0 monitoring in a larger cohort of patients is warranted.
Effect of bacterium in the malignant wounds of soft tissue sarcoma (2022)

Malignant wounds (MWs) are rare skin lesions, which accompany ulceration, necrosis and infection caused by infiltration or damage by malignant tumor. The present study aimed to investigate the bacterial etiology implicated in MW in soft tissue sarcoma (STS), and the effectiveness of culture-guided perioperative antibacterial administration. A retrospective evaluation was conducted on medical records of patients who presented with MW between 2006 and 2020. A total of seven patients were included in the present study, in whom all tumors were relatively large (>5 cm) and high-grade. Subsequently, five patients underwent limb-sparing surgery, and three patients had distant metastases with a 5-year overall survival of 71%. Preoperative microbiological sampling from the wound identified 11 different bacterial strains in five patients. The infections were polymicrobial with an average of 2.6 strains isolated per patient (1 aerobic, 1.6 anaerobic bacteria). They were predominantly methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Patients with MWs from STS reported symptoms, including bleeding (71%), exudation (71%) and malodorous wound (43%) at the initial presentation; these completely resolved after surgery. All but one patient reported pain at the MW site with an average numeric rating scale of 4.4 at presentation that decreased to 1.4 (P=0.14) and 0.6 (P=0.04) one and two weeks after surgery, respectively. The patients had elevated C-reactive protein (71%), anemia (57%), low albumin (86%) and renal/liver dysfunction (14-29%). One patient was diagnosed with sepsis. Surgical resection afforded symptomatic relief and resolution of abnormal laboratory values. Although selected antibiotics were administered in four patients based on the preoperative antibiotic sensitivity test, surgical site infection (SSI) occurred in three patients. Therefore, the effectiveness of the selected antibiotics based on the results of the preoperative culture in preventing SSI needs to be investigated in the future. In conclusion, physicians should keep in mind that although surgical resection can improve the symptoms and abnormal values in laboratory examination form MW, it is accompanied with a high rate of SSI and poor prognosis.
Droplet‐Based Combinatorial Assay for Cell Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Release Evaluation (2020)

Abstract Balancing the maximal efficacy of interferon gamma (IFN‐ɣ)‐based therapies with its side effects is a great challenge for future cytokine treatments. To achieve this, the development of single‐cell technologies that study IFN‐ɣ release in correlation with antitumor activity would represent a huge step forward. To this end, droplet‐based microfluidics is employed to quantitatively investigate IFN‐ɣ secretion from single natural killer (NK) cells in correlation with their cytotoxic activity against a specific target. The method relies on co‐encapsulation of NK‐92 cells, target cancer cells, polystyrene beads conjugated with specific IFN‐ɣ capture antibodies, and fluorescently labeled detection antibodies inside water‐in‐oil compartments. The secreted cytokines are captured and detected by localized fluorescence at the periphery of the beads. NK‐92's cytotoxicity is evaluated simultaneously by means of a fluorescent DNA intercalating agent, which penetrates the membranes of dead target cells. To deepen the understanding of the role of the cytokine in antitumor immunomodulation, the impact of different doses of human recombinant IFN‐ɣ on the cytolytic activity of NK‐92 cells shows a trend that the higher the dose the lower the cytolytic activity of NK cells. The developed method represents a simple quantitative approach to unravel the complex heterogeneity of NK cells toward IFN‐ɣ secretion and cytolytic activity.