gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Implications of Distance Education in Alaska (2011)

Alaska is the largest and most sparsely populated state in the United States of America. Extreme weather patterns and extreme cultural diversity compound the challenge of delivering quality education to state residents in remote areas. E-learning technologies have emerged as a cost-effective, interactive means of delivering quality teaching to even the most isolated locations in the state. Additionally, the ability to archive content and to access it at will, in an asynchronous manner, is highly suited to the different learning styles and different learning rates of the various populations in the state. This chapter introduces the challenges associated with delivering e-learning in Alaska, reviews the historical evolution of distance-learning networks, and summarizes present achievements and future opportunities. The analysis includes K-12 education, higher education and professional continuing education.
From Pt<sub>3</sub>Co/C to Pt-Rich Hollow Particles: How Does Co Segregation Proceed during Real PEMFC Aging (2011)

Abstract not Available.
A 3-bit, 2-watt, digital-analog gallium nitride power amplifier for 64-QAM bandwidth efficient modulation with 25% power savings (2012)

A 3-bit digital-analog power amplifier using 28-V 0.2-μm AlGaN/GaN HEMT, for high-power, high-rate, linearized transmitters, is presented. Efficient amplification of complex digitally-modulated RF signals is achieved using a constantly active main transistor cell and 3-bit unary-weighted, digitally-controlled auxiliary cells that are enabled/disabled based on signal envelope power. The auxiliary cells efficiently linearize the AM-AM response, compensating for gain compression and extending P1dB by 2.5dB. Dynamic simulations with a 50MHz, 64-QAM signal predict 50% EVM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> improvement and 25% power savings compared to a Class-A amplifier. Static measurements of the digital-analog power amplifier demonstrate 9.6dB linear gain, 2.2W P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> , and 39.3% PAE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P1dB</sub> at 7GHz.
Laser speckle imaging of atherosclerotic plaques through optical fiber bundles (2008)

Laser speckle imaging (LSI), a new technique that measures an index of plaque viscoelasticity, has been investigated recently to characterize atherosclerotic plaques. These prior studies demonstrated the diagnostic potential of LSI for detecting high-risk plaques and were conducted ex vivo. To conduct intracoronary LSI in vivo, the laser speckle pattern must be transmitted from the coronary wall to the image detector in the presence of cardiac motion. Small-diameter, flexible optical fiber bundles, similar to those used in coronary angioscopy, may be incorporated into an intravascular catheter for this purpose. A key challenge is that laser speckle is influenced by inter-fiber leakage of light, which may be exacerbated during bundle motion. In this study, we tested the capability of optical fiber bundles to transmit laser speckle patterns obtained from atherosclerotic plaques and evaluated the influence of motion on the diagnostic accuracy of fiber bundle-based LSI. Time-varying helium-neon laser speckle images of aortic plaques were obtained while cyclically moving the flexible length of the bundle to mimic coronary motion. Our results show that leached fiber bundles may reliably transmit laser speckle images in the presence of cardiac motion, providing a viable option to conduct intracoronary LSI.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Inflammation, and the Metabolic Syndrome (2009)

The combination of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been termed "syndrome Z." The prevalence of both OSA and metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide, in part linked to the epidemic of obesity. Beyond their epidemiologic relationship, growing evidence suggests that OSA may be causally related to metabolic syndrome. We are only beginning to understand the potential mechanisms underlying the OSA-metabolic syndrome interaction. Although there is no clear consensus, there is growing evidence that alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to repetitive hypoxia, inflammation, and generation of adipokines may be implicated in the changes associated with both OSA and metabolic syndrome. Whether some or all of these metabolic alterations mechanistically link OSA to metabolic syndrome remains to be proven, but it is an area of intense scientific interest.
<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> Strains Convert Starch and Maltodextrins into Homoexopolysaccharides Using an Extracellular and Cell-Associated 4,6-α-Glucanotransferase (2016)

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of interest for food applications. LAB are well-known to produce α-glucan from sucrose by extracellular glucansucrases. Various Lactobacillus reuteri strains also possess 4,6-α-glucanotransferase (4,6-α-GTase) enzymes. Purified 4,6-α-GTases (e.g., GtfB) were shown to act on starches (hydrolysates), cleaving α1→4 linkages and synthesizing α1→6 linkages, yielding isomalto-/maltopolysaccharides (IMMP). Here we report that also L. reuteri cells with these extracellular, cell-associated 4,6-α-GTases synthesize EPS (α-glucan) from starches (hydrolysates). NMR, SEC, and enzymatic hydrolysis of EPS synthesized by L. reuteri 121 cells showed that these have similar linkage specificities but generally are much bigger in size than IMMP produced by the GtfB enzyme. Various IMMP-like EPS are efficiently used as growth substrates by probiotic Bifidobacterium strains that possess amylopullulanase activity. IMMP-like EPS thus have potential prebiotic activity and may contribute to the application of probiotic L. reuteri strains grown on maltodextrins or starches as synbiotics.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Induced Organic Reaction Enhancement Chemistry. Part 4. Convenient Synthesis of Enantiopure α‐Hydroxy‐β‐lactams. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<i>In Situ</i> Voltammetric Sensor of Potentially Bioavailable Inorganic Mercury in Marine Aquatic Systems Based on Gel-Integrated Nanostructured Gold-Based Microelectrode Arrays (2021)

The development and field validation of newly designed nanostructured gold-plated gel-integrated microelectrode (Au-GIME) arrays applied to the direct <i>in situ</i> square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) quantification of the potentially bioavailable inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) species in the coastal area are presented. The Au-GIME consists of arrays of 100-500 interconnected iridium (Ir)-based microdisks that are electroplated with renewable Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) or Au nanofilaments (AuNFs) and covered with an agarose gel. The gel protects the sensor surface from fouling and ensures that mass transport of analytes toward the sensor surface is by pure diffusion only and therefore independent of the ill-controlled convective conditions of the media. The responses of these sensors to direct SWASV measurements of inorganic Hg(II) at near-neutral pH were investigated first in synthetic media and then in UV-irradiated marine samples. The analytical responses were found to be correlated to the number of interconnected microelectrodes and the morphology of the nanostructured Au deposits and independent of the media composition for chloride concentration ≥0.2 M (salinity <i>S</i> ≥ 13) and pH ranging from 7 to 8.5. The AuNF-GIMEs have detection and quantification limits at a low pM level, fulfilling the requirement of sentinel tools for real-time monitoring of the dynamic fraction of Hg(II) in coastal area. The AuNF-GIMEs were incorporated in an in-house advanced multichannel sensing probe for remote <i>in situ</i> high-resolution trace metal monitoring. Field evaluation and validation were successfully performed as a part of a field study in Arcachon Bay (France), from which environmental data are presented. This work marks the first time that an autonomous electrochemical sensing probe successfully measures Hg(II) and its hourly temporal variation <i>in situ</i> without chemical modification of the sample.
Noninvasive quantification of 18F-FLT human brain PET for the assessment of tumour proliferation in patients with high-grade glioma (2009)

Kinetic modelling of 18F-FLT brain PET data using image-derived input functions extracted from human brain PET data with the practical procedure described here provides information about the proliferative activity of brain tumours which might have clinical relevance especially for monitoring of therapy response in future clinical trials.
Accessible Parallel Embodiment of Multiple Robotic Avatars in a Cafe (2022)

Novel technological systems enabling people to control multiple robotic avatars simultaneously could support more accessible ways to multitask. An implementation of a parallel avatar system in a cafe shows that, leveraging their existing skills, remote workers with disabilities were able to utilize the system to control up to four robots, each with a different function, to assist customers in a cafe. The parallel avatar systems expand the agency and the capabilities of disabled workers, while also delivering better experiences to customers.
Human B Cell Epitope Map of the Lyme Disease Vaccine Antigen, OspA (2022)

The Lyme disease (LD) vaccine formerly approved for use in the United States consisted of recombinant outer surface protein A (OspA) from <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu stricto (ss), the bacterial genospecies responsible for the vast majority of LD in North America. OspA is an ∼30 kDa lipoprotein made up of 21 antiparallel β-strands and a C-terminal α-helix. In clinical trials, protection against LD following vaccination correlated with serum antibody titers against a single epitope near the C-terminus of OspA, as defined by the mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb), LA-2. However, the breadth of the human antibody response to OspA following vaccination remains undefined even as next-generation multivalent OspA-based vaccines are under development. In this report, we employed hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry (HX-MS) to localize the epitopes recognized by a unique panel of OspA human MAbs, including four shown to passively protect mice against experimental <i>B. burgdorferi</i> infection and one isolated from a patient with antibiotic refractory Lyme arthritis. The epitopes grouped into three spatially distinct bins that, together, encompass more than half the surface-exposed area of OspA. The bins corresponded to OspA β-strands 8-10 (bin 1), 11-13 (bin 2), and 16-20 plus the C-terminal α-helix (bin 3). Bin 3 was further divided into sub-bins relative to LA-2's epitope. MAbs with complement-dependent borreliacidal activity, as well as <i>B. burgdorferi</i> transmission-blocking activity in the mouse model were found within each bin. Therefore, the resulting B cell epitope map encompasses functionally important targets on OspA that likely contribute to immunity to <i>B. burgdorferi</i>.
Freisetzung von Gastmolekülen aus Hemicarceplexen durch Bestrahlung (1998)

Die Spaltung von einer der insgesamt vier Brücken der hier vorgestellten zwei Typen von Hemicarceplexen genügt, um das Gastmolekül in die Chloroformlösung zu entlassen (schematisch rechts gezeigt). Diese durch Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht erreichbare Spaltung der thermisch sehr stabilen Komplexe macht das System für den gezielten Reagentientransport interessant.
Errata: RZLINE code modeling of distributed tin targets for laser-produced plasma sources of extreme ultraviolet radiation (2012)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Pretreatment Engineering Platform - Reducing Technical Risks for the Waste Treatment Plant Pretreatment Facility through Scaled Process Testing - 8365 (2008)

The Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will separate and vitrify (immobilize in glass) millions of gallons of radioactive and chemical wastes stored at the Hanford Site. Pretreatment of the waste by caustic and oxidative leaching processes will minimize the volume of high-level waste (HLW) to be vitrified, and cross-flow ultrafiltration will be used to remove liquids from the HLW solid slurry. An extensive and critical review of the WTP technical bases and design identified the need to demonstrate of the integrated leaching and ultrafiltration processes at greater than bench scale. To respond to this need, the WTP prime contractor, Bechtel National, Inc., and their principle subcontractor Washington Group International concluded a 1/4.5 scale facility to treat non-radioactive waste simulants was needed to demonstrate the process. This paper describes the technical bases and design of the scaled Pretreatment Engineering Platform (PEP) and the strategy to develop waste simulants to be used in the PEP.
Adverse effects of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human transforming growth factor beta 1 into rabbit knees (2003)

To examine the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 on the regulation of cartilage synthesis and other articular pathologies, we used adenovirus-mediated intra-articular gene transfer of TGF-beta1 to both naïve and arthritic rabbit knee joints. Increasing doses of adenoviral vector expressing TGF-beta1 were injected into normal and antigen-induced arthritis rabbit knee joints through the patellar tendon, with the same doses of an adenoviral vector expressing luciferase injected into the contralateral knees as the control. Intra-articular injection of adenoviral vector expressing TGF-beta1 into the rabbit knee resulted in dose-dependent TGF-beta1 expression in the synovial fluid. Intra-articular TGF-beta1 expression in both naïve and arthritic rabbit knee joints resulted in significant pathological changes in the rabbit knee as well as in adjacent muscle tissue. The observed changes induced by elevated TGF-beta1 included inhibition of white blood cell infiltration, stimulation of glycosaminoglycan release and nitric oxide production, and induction of fibrogenesis and muscle edema. In addition, induction of chondrogenesis within the synovial lining was observed. These results suggest that even though TGF-beta1 may have anti-inflammatory properties, it is unable to stimulate repair of damaged cartilage, even stimulating cartilage degradation. Gene transfer of TGF-beta1 to the synovium is thus not suitable for treating intra-articular pathologies.
The Moire´ phenomenon in color separation (1991)

Undesired moire patterns may appear in color separation due to several different reasons. One of the most important ones is the interference between the halftone screens of the different primary colors, due to an improper selection or alignment of their frequencies and orientations. The author demystifies this moire phenomenon, by giving a clear, rather informal but illustrative explanation of the problem, and by pointing out some possible ways to avoid, or at least to minimize, its adverse effects on color separation
Inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanine pigmentation by 2-hydroxytyrosol (2014)

2-Hydroxytyrosol (2-HT), originally reported as a synthetic compound, was isolated for the first time as a fungal metabolite. 2-HT was found to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 13.0 µmol/L. Furthermore, 2-HT dose-dependently inhibited tyrosinase activity (IC50, 32.5 µmol/L) in the cell-free extract of B16 melanoma cells and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanin formation in intact B16 melanoma cells.
Arteriovenous Fistula Complicating Endopyelotomy (1992)

We report a case of arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm formation following endopyelotomy. Presentation, successful management with interventional radiology techniques, and the relationship between variant renal artery anatomy and endopyelotomy are discussed.
Symbols (2023)

The book gives a first systematic study of graphical symbols, a detailed survey of non-linguistic symbol systems and a neural model of how writing evolved
Abstract 5169: Sentinel lymph node gene expression signature predicts survival outcome in cutaneous melanoma (2022)

Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node status is an important prognostic factor for melanoma progression. We sought to develop a sentinel lymph node gene expression signature score predictive of disease progression in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Methods: Cases were retrieved from University of Pittsburgh protocol “Sentinel Node and Non-Sentinel Lymph Nodes (SLN and non-SLN) Procurement from Melanoma Subjects for Molecular Profiling.” Gene expression profiling was performed on SLN biopsies using U133A 2.0 Affymetrix gene chips. The top 25 genes associated with progression-free survival (PFS) were selected and a penalized regression function was used to select genes with a non-zero coefficient. A risk score was calculated from a 12 gene signature. A proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between clinical covariates, gene signature score, and PFS. Results: In total, 45 patients were included [female=18 (40%), median age (range)= 56 (16-81) years]. The median Breslow thickness (IQR) was 4.1 (3.3-6.0) mm, ulceration was present in 29 (67%) cases, and 25 (56%) lesions had nodular histology. Among patients, 23 (51%) had a positive SLN via H&amp;E. Twenty-one (46.7%) patients developed disease recurrence/progression with a median follow-up of 8.3 years. The median time to progression was 9.6 years. Among the top 25 genes, 12 non-zero penalized coefficients were estimated (CLGN, C1QTNF3, ADORA3, ARHGAP8, ZNF223, PDE6G, CXCL3, CHRFAM7A, HLA-DRB-decreased risk, DCTN1, ASPSCR1, HEXIM1-increased risk). A 12-gene signature score was significantly associated with PFS (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and produced a bootstrap cross-validated C index of 0.888. Stratifying by SLN status the gene signature risk score remained highly significant (p&amp;lt;0.0001). In univariate analysis, Breslow thickness (HR=1.41), presence of ulceration (HR=3.61), SLN positivity (HR=2.50), and acral-lentiginous histology compared to nodular (HR=4.07) were each significantly associated with PFS (all p&amp;lt;0.05). After simultaneously adjusting for all of these factors plus the gene signature, the 12-gene score remained a significant predictor for PFS (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Conclusion: A SLN 12-gene signature risk score is associated with melanoma progression regardless of SLN status and can be used as a prognostic factor for PFS of patients. External validation of the gene signature is warranted. Citation Format: Lilit Karapetyan, William Gooding, Xi Yang, Andrew Knight, Aofei Li, Cindy Sander, Monica Panelli, Walter J. Storkus, Ahmad A. Tarhini, John M. Kirkwood. Sentinel lymph node gene expression signature predicts survival outcome in cutaneous melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5169.
Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (2000)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), a nonreceptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase belonging to the Tec family of kinases, has been shown to be critical for B cell proliferation, differentiation, and signaling. Loss-of-function mutations in the Btk gene lead to X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), a primary immunodeficiency in humans, and the less severe condition xid in mice. Although Btk is mainly localized in the cytoplasm under steady state conditions, it translocates to the plasma membrane upon growth factor stimulation and cross-linking of the B cell receptor. Nevertheless, in ectopically as well as endogenously Btk-expressing cells, it can also translocate to the nucleus. Deletion of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain (DeltaPH1) leads, however, to an even redistribution of Btk within the nucleus and cytoplasm in the majority of transfected cells. In contrast, an SH3-deleted (DeltaSH3) mutant of Btk has been found to be predominantly nuclear. We also demonstrate that the nuclear accumulation of DeltaPH1 is dependent on Src expression. This nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is sensitive to the exportin 1/CRM1-inactivating drug, leptomycin B, indicating that Btk utilizes functional nuclear export signals. In addition, while the DeltaPH1 mutant of Btk was found to be active and tyrosine-phosphorylated in vivo, DeltaSH3 displayed decreased autokinase activity and was not phosphorylated. Our findings indicate that the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Btk has implications regarding potential targets inside the nucleus, which may be critical in gene regulation during B cell development and differentiation.
Survey and Comparative Study on Resource Allocation Strategies in Cloud Computing Environment (2014)

an on demand service because it offers dynamic resource allocation for reliable and highly available services in pay as-you-consume manner to public. In Cloud computing environment multiple cloud users can request number of cloud services in parallel. So there must be a provision that all resources which are made available to requesting user in efficient manner to satisfy their need. In this Survey paper a review of various strategies for dynamic resource allocation in cloud computing is shown based on Linear Scheduling Strategy for Resource Allocation, Topology Aware Resource Allocation (TARA) and Dynamic Resource Allocation for Parallel Data Processing. Moreover limitations significance and advantages of using Resource Allocation in Cloud computing systems is also discussed.
Computational study of supersonic jets from swirl inducing nozzles (2001)

The effect of boundary layer swirl induced at the nozzle exit plane on the instability and mixing characteristics of underexpanded rectangular jets is computationally investigated. The aspect ratio of the nozzles used for this study was 5.0 and the fullyexpanded jet Mach number was 1.526. The computations were conducted using a threedimensional compressible-unsteady full ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes code (RANS) with appropriate turbulence models. A shock adaptive grid generator was developed to enhance the shock simulation. For all swirl angles, the instability modes such as flapping, pumping, and spanwise oscillations were commonly observed. It was also concluded that the mixing characteristics of underexpanded supersonic rectangular jets were favorably affected by the induction of boundary layer swirl. A thrust penalty was always resulted from the swirl induction.
An enzyme with a deep trefoil knot for the active-site architecture (2002)

Knots in polypeptide chains have been found in very few proteins. Only two proteins are considered to have a shallow 'trefoil' knot, which tucks a few residues at one end of the chain through a loop exposed on the protein surface. Recently, another protein was found by a mathematical algorithm to have a deep 'figure-of-eight' knot which had not been visually identified. In the present study, the crystal structure of a hypothetical RNA 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase from Thermus thermophilus (RrmA) was determined at 2.4 A resolution and a deep trefoil knot was found for the first time. The present knot is formed by the threading of a 44-residue polypeptide chain through a 41-residue loop and is better defined than the previously reported knots. Two of the three catalytic residues conserved in the 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase family are located in the knotting loop and in the knotted carboxy-terminal chain, which is the first observation that the enzyme active site is constructed right on the knot. On the other hand, the amino-terminal domain exhibits a geometrical similarity to the ribosomal proteins which recognize an internal loop of RNA.