gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic ellipsometric and He backscattering analyses of crystalline Si-SiO2 mixtures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1984)

Single-crystal layers of silicon oxide (SiOz) grown on crystalline Si (c-Si) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy have been analyzed by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and 2.2-MeV He backscattering. The optical properties of SiOz clearly indicate that it is a phase-separated mixture of c-Si and SiO2. Backscattering data combined with the SE results show that SiOz consists of 43 vol. % c-Si, 43 vol. % voids, and 14 vol. % SiO2. The results suggest that registry is preserved by the c-Si inclusions, which also act as nucleation sites for subsequently grown epitaxial c-Si films. The tendency of SiOz to oxidize rapidly at high temperature suggests that it may be useful for dielectrically isolating epitaxial c-Si films.
Near full genome characterization of HIV‐1 unique recombinant forms in Cameroon reveals dominant CRF02_AG and F2 recombination patterns (2019)

This study identified novel mosaic patterns in URFs in Cameroon. In line with the regional predominance of CRF_02AG and the increased prevalence of clade F2, prominent CRF_02AG and F2 background patterns were observed underlying the URFs. In the context of the novel mosaic genomes, the impact of the identified accessory DRMs and Env epitope variations on treatment and immune control remains elusive. The evolving diversity of HIV-1 URFs in Cameroon requires continuous monitoring to respond to the increasing challenges for diagnosis, antiretroviral treatment and prevention.
Impact of Multiple Concomitant CYP3A Inhibitors on Venetoclax Pharmacokinetics: A PBPK and Population PK‐Informed Analysis (2022)

Venetoclax is an approved, orally bioavailable, B-cell lymphoma type 2 (BCL-2) inhibitor that is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). Polypharmacy is common in patients undergoing treatment for hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and although venetoclax exposure has been well characterized with 1 concomitant CYP3A inhibitor, complex drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving more than 1 inhibitor have not been systematically evaluated. Here, we aimed to describe the potential impact of multiple concomitant CYP3A inhibitors on venetoclax pharmacokinetics (PK) using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and population PK modeling. The modeling approaches were informed by clinical data in the presence of single or multiple CYP3A inhibitors, and the effects of 1 or more inhibitors were systematically considered within these modeling frameworks. The PBPK modeling approach was independently validated against clinical data involving more than 1 CYP3A inhibitor along with CYP3A substrates other than venetoclax. Both approaches indicated that combining a strong CYP3A inhibitor with another competitive CYP3A inhibitor does not seem to result in any additional increase in venetoclax exposure, beyond what would be expected with a strong inhibitor alone. This suggests that the current dose reductions recommended for venetoclax would be appropriate even when 2 or more CYP3A inhibitors are taken concomitantly. However, the results indicate that the involvement of time-dependent inhibition might lead to additional inhibitory effects over and above the effect of a single strong CYP3A inhibitor. Thus, the clinical management of such interactions must consider the underlying mechanism of the interactions.
An Energy Efficient Residential Load Management System for Multi-class Appliances in Smart Homes (2015)

Demand Side Management (DSM) mechanism is used for the implementation of different strategies to encourage residential users to reduce electricity bill as well as energy demand. There is also a close relationship between the consumer and utility for equally benefiting to both in terms of grid stability and bill reduction. Extensive research is undertaken now a days in order to make practical implementation on the possible use of different DSM strategies to regulate the energy demand and carbon emission reduction in the World. The major objective of this work is to study the DSM-based approaches which could be helpful in achieving significant electricity demand reduction at the electricity distribution network which is directly connected to the commercial and residential sector especially. In this work, we use an optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal solution for residential electricity load management in a typical household setting. There are two major tasks of this algorithms, firstly, electricity bill minimization of residential user in time of use pricing models, secondly, peaks reduction of demand curve (peak shaving) which will eventually minimize the investment cost of utility including, peak power plants, and transmission lines. Three types of smart appliances are considered, without delay, delay of one hour, delay of five hours. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, mathematical models of appliances based on their length of operation time is developed.
Research on Multi-granularity QoS Guarantee Mechanism in SUPANET (2011)

The Next Generation Internet(NGI) must provide not only fine granularity Quality of Service(QoS) guarantee to a single flow,but also coarse granularity QoS guarantee to a class of flow.To meet the need of NGI in multi-granularity QoS guarantee,this paper describes the original QoS guarantee mechanism of SUPA(Single physical layer User-data transfer switching Platform Architecture) and proposes an Internet traffic oriented multi-granularity QoS guarantee framework in SUPA.In this framework,a mapping method between Internet traffic and the multi-granularity Virtual Tunnel(VT) is proposed,and an adaptive quota algorithm of thick VT is designed.At last,the effectiveness of the algorithm is proved by simulation.Simulation results show that the adaptive quota algorithm can improve the quota utilization rate of single thick VT and the resources utilization rate of the whole network in comparision with the fixed quota algorithm.
Allograft Reconstruction for Glenoid Bone Loss in Glenohumeral Instability: A Systematic Review (2014)

Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.
GFAP: Functional implications gleaned from studies of genetically engineered mice (2003)

GFAP is the major intermediate filament of mature astrocytes, and its relatively specific expression in these cells suggests an important function. To study the role of the GFAP gene, mice have been created carrying null alleles (no protein), modified alleles (altered protein), or added wild type alleles (elevated protein). Surprisingly, absence of GFAP has relatively subtle effects on development. On the other hand, over-expression can be lethal, and led to the discovery that GFAP coding mutations are responsible for most cases of Alexander disease, a devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Here we review what the various GFAP mouse models reveal about GFAP and astrocyte function.
The Pattern of Residual Tumor After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer and Its Clinical Significance (2019)

After NAC for locally advanced esophageal cancer, the shallow residual tumor pattern was most common, but approximately 40% of specimens showed no tumor cells in the mucosal layer. Deep and diffuse remnant patterns were associated with high risks of pleural dissemination and distant metastasis.
Synthesis and characterisation of Ti-C coatings with variable carbon content (2008)

Carbide coatings deposited by PVD techniques can provide different properties according to their structural and compositional features. In particular, MC/a-C(:H) composite coatings (where M is a carbide-forming element) receive increasing attention as wear resistant films with low coefficient of friction. In this work, Ti-C:H coatings were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering and their atomic ratio Ti/C was varied between 0.14 and 5.3. Maximum hardness values were achieved for Ti/C ratios corresponding to the carbide formation. Nanocomposite coatings with hydrocarbon matrix were deposited after growing a functionally graded interlayer and their tribological properties were investigated both in air and in water.
HieLoW, a package that estimates hierarchical logit models (1995)

TRANSP-OR
Synthesis and Characterization of Porous Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite Coatings (2000)

A technique is developed to construct bulk hydroxyapatite (HAp) with different cellular structures. The technique involves the initial synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite powder from an aqueous solution using water-soluble compounds and then followed by spray drying into agglomerated granules. The granules were further cold pressed and sintered into bulks at elevated temperatures. The sintering behavior of the HAp granules was characterized and compared with those previously reported. Resulting from the fact that the starting HAp powders were extremely fine, a relatively low activation energy for sintering was obtained. In the present study, both porous and dense structures were produced by varying powder morphology and sintering parameters. Porous structures consisting of open cells were constructed. Sintered structures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray tomography. In the present paper, hydroxyapatite coatings produced by magnetron sputtering on silicon and titanium substrates will also be presented. The mechanical properties of the coatings were measured using nanoindentation techniques and microstructures examined using transmission electron microscopy.
Biosynthesis of vitamin B12: isolation of precorrin-6x, a metal-free precursor of the corrin macrocycle retaining five S-adenosylmethionine-derived peripheral methyl groups. (1990)

delta-Aminolevulinic acid and trimethylisobacteriochlorin are converted by cell-free protein preparations from Pseudomonas denitrificans into a metal-free pigment, precorrin-6x. This pigment, which accumulates when the cell-free system lacks NADPH, can be enzymically converted in high yield (greater than 50%) into hydrogenobyrinic acid by the complete enzyme preparation. Double-labeling experiments establish that precorrin-6x carries five C-methyl groups, which appear at C-1, C-2, C-7, C-12 alpha, and C-17 of the hydrogenobyrinic acid formed enzymically from precorrin-6x. This precursor of the corrin macrocycle is at the dehydrocorrin level of oxidation, has undergone ring contraction and extrusion of C-20, but still carries the acetic acid side chain at C-12. It is demonstrated that the conversion of precorrin-6x into hydrogenobyrinic acid specifically requires an NADPH-dependent reduction step.
Multi-Armed Bandits with Non-Stationary Rewards (2017)

The multi-armed bandit problem where the rewards are realizations of general non-stationary stochastic processes is a challenging setting which has not been previously tackled in the bandit literature in its full generality. We present the first theoretical analysis of this problem by deriving guarantees for both the path-dependent dynamic pseudo-regret and the standard pseudo-regret that, remarkably, are both logarithmic in the number of rounds under certain natural conditions. We describe several UCB-type algorithms based on the notion of weighted discrepancy, a key measure of non-stationarity for stochastic processes. We show that discrepancy provides a unified framework for the analysis of non-stationary rewards. Our experiments demonstrate a significant improvement in practice compared to standard benchmarks.
Effects of inhibitors and retarders on low temperature free radical crosslinking polymerization between styrene and vinyl ester resin (2001)

Abstract Many composite manufacturing methods are room temperature processes, which require the resins to be cured at low temperatures. Examples are Seemann Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process (SCRIMP)—a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process, hand lay‐up and spray‐up. Vinyl ester resins have been widely used in this type of processes because of their versatility as a composite matrix. Low temperature polymerization between styrene and vinyl ester tends to be complex because of the presence of different curing agents. This paper reports on (1) the effects of a promoter (cobalt naphthenate) on the initiatin at low temperatures, and (2) the effects fo a retarder (2,4‐pentanedione) and an inhibitor (1,4‐benzoquinone) on the pot life, gel time, and cure kinetics. A differntial scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer were used to investigate the reaction kinetics of vinyl ester resins. The influence of the retarders and inhibitors on the rheological changes of the resin during curing was also studied using a Rheometris Dynamic Analyzer (RDA).
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones with Polymer‐Supported Chiral 1,2‐Diphenylethylenediamine. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
‘To be avoided as if they were sick’ (2021)

Abstract Chapter 11. ‘To be avoided as if they were sick: A plain and easie method for preserving those that are well from the infection of the plague (1691–1721)’ provides a detailed bibliography, using the system described in chapter 4, of five copies of Willis’s seventh published book in which is included one treatise: 14. A plain and easie method etc. These descriptions are preceded by a narrative highlighting the main bibliographic issues that characterize the various editions, states, and issues of these copies. Of these, some are already known but others newly identified. {91 words}
Disk-hole array structure for hot-electron emission enhancement (2021)

Hot-electrons have been attracting attention for applications in photodetectors and photocatalysts due to their high energy. We report the hot-electron emission enhancement by an aluminum disk-hole array structure. The coupling effect by the structure further enhances the electric field enhancement effect, which improves efficiency electron emission.
Non-linear tagging models with localist and distributed word representations (2011)

Distributed representations of words are attractive since they provide a means for measuring word similarity. However, most approaches to learning distributed representations are divorced from the task context. In this paper, we describe a model that learns distributed representations of words in order to optimize task performance. We investigate this model for part-of-speech tagging and supertagging tasks and demonstrate its superior accuracy over localist models, especially for rare words. We also show that adding non-linearity in the model aids in improved accuracy for complex tasks such as supertagging.
Circovirus-Like Infection in a Pigeon (1993)

4,7,10-13 These viruses are similar in that they are small (15-17 nm), icosahedral, and nonenveloped and contain single-stranded circular DNA. Each virus, however, has distinct DNA sequences and antigenicity. Psittacine beak and feather disease virus has the largest host range and has been reported in over 35 species of Old World and New World psittaciforms but has never been reported in other avian families. 4 This is the first case report of circovirus-like infection in a pigeon (Columbiformes). A young female racing pigeon was submitted for necropsy to the Davis branch of the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System in the fall 1990. The owner had 50 birds (adult and young), and mortality in the squabs was 100%. Three to 5 birds had died per week. Squabs exhibited anorexia and lethargy and died 3-4 days after clinical signs appeared. On gross examination, the pigeon was emaciated, with pectoral muscle atrophy. The mucosal wall of the intestinal tract was slightly red, and luminal contents were foamy and yellow-green. The spleen was enlarged. Air sacs were edematous, and there were caseous cores within the primary bronchi of both lungs. The right lung was consolidated and red. A defined bursa of Fabricius was not evident on gross examination of the site dorsal to the cloaca. The lung and liver were cultured aerobically on blood agar. A Pasteurella sp. was isolated from the lung. Bacteria were not isolated from the liver. Air sacs cultured on selective media for Mycoplasma sp. exhibited no growth. Chlamydia was not identified in Gimenez-stained impression smears of the liver, air sac, and spleen nor in liver, air sac, and spleen impression smears stained with fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibody specific for Chlamydia a and examined with ultraviolet light. However, Chlamydia psittaci was isolated in a McCoy cell culture system from an organ pool of liver, air sac, and spleen. Viruses were not isolated from pooled tissue homogenates of liver, spleen, lung, brain, and intestine
Regional mu-opioid receptor binding in insular cortex is decreased in bulimia nervosa and correlates inversely with fasting behavior. (2005)

Changes in mu-OR binding in the insula may be important in the pathogenesis or maintenance of the self-perpetuating behavioral cycle of bulimic subjects because the insula is the primary gustatory cortex and has repeatedly been implicated in the processing of the reward value of food.
Design and Synthesis of Oligopeptidic Parvulin Inhibitors (2022)

Pin1 catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of pThr-Pro or pSer-Pro amide bonds of various proteins involved in several physio/pathological processes. In this framework, recent research activity is directed toward the identification of new selective Pin1 inhibitors. Here, we developed a set of peptide-based Pin1 inhibitors. Direct-binding experiments allowed the identification of the peptide-based inhibitor 5 k (methylacetyl-l-alanyl-l-histidyl-l-prolyl-l-phenylalaninate) as a potent ligand of Pin1. Notably, 5 k binds Pin1 with higher affinity than Pin4. The comparative analysis of molecular models of Pin1 and Pin4 with the selected compound gave a rational explanation of the biochemical activity and pinpointed the chemical elements that, if opportunely modified, may further improve inhibitory potency, pharmacological properties, and selectivity of future peptide-based parvulin inhibitors. Since 5 k showed limited cell penetration and no antiproliferative activity, it was conjugated to a polyarginine stretch (R8), known to promote cell penetration of peptides, to obtain the R8-5 k derivative, which displayed antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines over non-tumor cells. The effect of R8 on cell proliferation was also investigated. This work warrants caution about applying the R8 strategy in the development of cell-penetrating antiproliferative peptides, as it is not inert.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanoid(II) or ‐(III) Alkoxide‐Promoted Reactions of Silyl Ketene Acetals with Aldehydes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Epitaxial growth of Ge on 〈100〉 Si by a simple chemical vapor deposition technique (1981)

The heteroepitaxial growth of Ge on Si substrates by means of a simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is presented. The epitaxial Ge layers were formed by the decomposition of GeH4 in a H2 ambient at substrate temperatures of 500–900 °C. Smooth surface morphologies and high crystalline quality are obtained in the epitaxial Ge layers. Electrical properties of the Ge films and the resulting p-Ge/n-Si heterojunctions were determined. This technique provides a Ge growth method that is compatible with the current CVD processes used in the growth of GaAs.
GB virus infection in patients with oral cancer and oral lichen planus (1997)

We studied the incidence of GBV-C infection in patients with oral cancer or oral lichen planus (OLP). Subjects included 38 patients with oral cancer and 34 patients with OLP from whom serum was collected to detect GBV-C-RNA using reverse transcription (RT) "nested" PCR. GBV-C-RNA was positive in 1 (2.6%) oral cancer patient and 3 (8.8%) OLP patients. All 4 GBV-C-positive patients were also positive both for the antibody for hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and HCV-RNA, indicating simultaneous infection with GBV-C and HCV. In conclusion, GBV-C infection was found in 5.5% (4/72) of oral cancer or OLP patients and all patients infected with GBV-C also had HCV infection. This suggests that GBV-C infection is unlikely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer and OLP.
An examination of the articulatory characteristics of prominence in function and content words using real-time magnetic resonance imaging (2013)

We examine the functional coupling between articulatory characteristics of prominence, such as articulator speed, and its acoustic characteristics, such as F0 and acoustic energy, for content words (nouns) and function words (e.g., articles, prepositions and conjunctions) using real-time magnetic resonance imaging data. We use Granger causality ideas to test the degree and direction of causal influence between the chosen articulatory and acoustic measures for function and content words. We further apply functional canonical correlation analysis to these measures to understand the covariant behavioral modes of the articulatory and acoustic measures. After controlling for word duration, we observe that articulatory speed generally has a significant causal influence on F0, especially for longer content words, but observe no such effect in the opposite direction. Notably, we do not observe this effect for function words in most cases. We further observe a tighter coupling of canonical weight functions of articulatory speed and acoustic prominence characteristics for the content words as compared to the function words considered. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that prominence realized during content words may result from a close coupling between articulatory and acoustic characteristics such as articulatory speed and F0, with suggestions of a directional causal relationship.
Preliminary display comparison for dental diagnostic applications (2012)

The aim of this study is to predict the clinical performance and image quality of a display system for viewing dental images. At present, the use of dedicated medical displays is not uniform among dentists - many still view images on ordinary consumer displays. This work investigated whether the use of a medical display improved the perception of dental images by a clinician, compared to a consumer display. Display systems were simulated using the MEdical Virtual Imaging Chain (MEVIC). Images derived from two carefully performed studies on periodontal bone lesion detection and endodontic file length determination, were used. Three displays were selected: a medical grade one and two consumer displays (Barco MDRC-2120, Dell 1907FP and Dell 2007FPb). Some typical characteristics of the displays are evaluated by measurements and simulations like the Modulation Function (MTF), the Noise Power Spectrum (NPS), backlight stability or calibration. For the MTF, the display with the largest pixel pitch has logically the worst MTF. Moreover, the medical grade display has a slightly better MTF and the displays have similar NPS. The study shows the instability effect for the emitted intensity of the consumer displays compared to the medical grade one. Finally the study on the calibration methodology of the display shows that the signal in the dental images will be always more perceivable on the DICOM GSDF display than a gamma 2,2 display.
Language Weaver Arabic-&gt;English MT (2004)

This presentation is primarily a demonstration of a working statistical machine translation system which translates Modern Standard Arabic into English.