gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of doughnut-shaped laser pulses with glasses (2017)

Non-Gaussian laser beams can open new opportunities for microfabrication, including ultrashort laser direct writing. Using a model based on Maxwell&#x2019;s equations, we have investigated the dynamics of doughnut-shaped laser beams focused inside fused silica glass, in comparison with Gaussian pulses of the same energy. The laser propagation dynamics reveals intriguing features of beam splitting and sudden collapse toward the beam axis, overcoming the intensity clamping effect. The resulting structure of light absorption represents a very hot, hollow nanocylinder, which can lead to an implosion process that brings matter to extreme thermodynamic states. Monitoring the simulations of the laser beam scattering has shown a considerable difference in both the blueshift and the angular distribution of scattered light for different laser energies, suggesting that investigations of the spectra of scattered radiation can be used as a diagnostic of laser-produced electron plasmas in transparent materials.
Taxonomy Extraction from Automotive Natural Language Requirements Using Unsupervised Learning (2014)

In this paper we present a novel approach to semi-automatically learn concept hierarchies from natural language requirements of the automotive industry. The approach is based on the distributional hypothesis and the special characteristics of domain-specific German compounds. We extract taxonomies by using clustering techniques in combination with general thesauri. Such a taxonomy can be used to support requirements engineering in early stages by providing a common system understanding and an agreedupon terminology. This work is part of an ontology-driven requirements engineering process, which builds on top of the taxonomy. Evaluation shows that this taxonomy extraction approach outperforms common hierarchical clustering techniques.
A Novel Imaging Approach for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer Based on Endogenous Zinc Sensing (2010)

The early detection of prostate cancer is a life-saving event in patients harboring potentially aggressive disease. With the development of malignancy, there is a dramatic reduction in the zinc content of prostate tissue associated with the inability of cancer cells to accumulate the ion. In the current study, we used endogenous zinc as an imaging biomarker for prostate cancer detection and progression monitoring. We employed a novel fluorescent sensor for mobile zinc (ZPP1) to detect and monitor the development of prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse model of prostate adenocarcinoma, using in vivo optical imaging correlated with biological fluid-based methods. We showed that the progression of prostate cancer could be monitored in vivo judging by the decreasing zinc content in the prostates of tumor-bearing mice in an age-dependent manner. In a novel quantitative assay, we determined the concentration of mobile zinc in both prostate cell lysates and mouse prostate extracts through simple titration of the ZPP1 sensor. Our findings fulfill the promise of zinc-based prostate cancer diagnostics with the prospect for immediate clinical translation.
Information Ubiquity in Austere Locations (2012)

In today's world, connectivity is increasingly taken for granted. Wireless networks, cell towers, and satellites provide ubiquitous connectivity through a number of devices. However, in austere locations constant connectivity cannot be assumed, e.g., due to the remoteness of the area, due to a disaster or combat situation, or due to insecurity or lack of access to available communications. This paper describes a system, Marti, which the authors have been developing and demonstrating that can provide inter-connectivity and access to information in austere locations. Marti is rapidly deployable and interoperates with a large number of existing devices and client applications.
Permeable Tar Mat Formation Within the Context of Novel Asphaltene (2012)

Tar mats at the oil-water contact (OWC tar mats) in oilfield reservoirs can have enormous, pernicious effects on production due to possibly preventing of any natural water drive and precluding any effectiveness of water injectors into aquifers. In spite of this potentially huge impact, tar mat formation is only now being resolved and integrated within advanced asphaltene science. Herein, we describe a very different type of tar mat which we refer to as a “rapid-destabilization tar mat”; it is the asphaltenes that undergo rapid destabilization. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to describe such rapid-destabilization tar mats at least in this context. Rapid-destabilization tar mats can be formed at the crest of the reservoir, generally not at the OWC and can introduce their own set of problems in production. Most importantly, rapid-destabilization tar mats can be porous and permeable, unlike the OWC tar mats. The rapid-destabilization tar mat can undergo plastic flow under standard production conditions rather unlike the OWC tar mat. As its name implies, the rapid-destabilization tar mat can form in very young reservoirs in which thermodynamic disequilibrium in the oil column prevails, while the OWC tar mats generally take longer (geologic) time to form and are often associated with thermodynamically equilibrated oil columns. Here, we describe extensive data sets on rapid-destabilization tar mats in two adjacent reservoirs. The surprising properties of these rapiddestabilization tar mats are redundantly confirmed in many different ways. All components of the processes forming rapiddestabilization tar mats are shown to be consistent with powerful new developments in asphaltene science, specifically with the development of the first equation of state for asphaltene gradients, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo Equation, which has been enabled by the resolution of asphaltene nanostructures in crude oil codified in the Yen-Mullins Model. Rapid-destabilization tar mats represent one extreme while the OWC tar mats represent the polar opposite extreme. In the future, occurrences of tar in reservoirs can be better understood within the context of these two end members tar mats. In addition, two reservoirs in the same minibasin show the same behavior. This important observation allows fluid analysis in wells in one reservoir to indicate likely issues in other reservoirs in the same basin.
Advancing an Interdisciplinary Science of Conversation: Insights from a Large Multimodal Corpus of Human Speech (2022)

People spend a substantial portion of their lives engaged in conversation, and yet our scientific understanding of conversation is still in its infancy. In this report we advance an interdisciplinary science of conversation, with findings from a large, novel, multimodal corpus of 1,656 recorded conversations in spoken English. This 7+ million word, 850-hour corpus totals over 1TB of audio, video, and transcripts, with moment-to-moment measures of vocal, facial, and semantic expression, along with an extensive survey of speakers' post-conversation reflections. We leverage the considerable scope of the corpus to: (1) extend key findings from the literature, such as the cooperativeness of human turn-taking; (2) define novel algorithmic procedures for the segmentation of speech into conversational turns; (3) apply machine learning insights across various textual, auditory, and visual features to analyze what makes conversations succeed or fail; and (4) explore how conversations are related to well-being across the lifespan. We also report (5) a comprehensive mixed-method report, based on quantitative analysis and qualitative review of each recording, that showcases how individuals from diverse backgrounds alter their communication patterns and find ways to connect. We conclude with a discussion of how this large-scale public dataset may offer new directions for future research, especially across disciplinary boundaries, as scholars from a variety of fields appear increasingly interested in the study of conversation.
Editorial: Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of rare disorders (2022)

We gratefully celebrate the quality and far-reaching geographical representation of the articles in this volume, "Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Disorders", commissioned for Frontiers in Pharmacology. At the time of writing, 19 articles have attracted nearly 60,000 reads. The portfolio reveals an impressive commitment by more than 70 authors with diverse professional backgrounds, excluding the many dedicated reviewers who, beyond matters of validity, have together ensured freshness and originality. This is no easy matter: after centuries in obscurity, exponential investment in the field of rare diseases has attracted intense interest as well as scrutiny from many corners Here we briefly review the status of this now vast field and its central mission. Innumerable people are afflicted by countless rare diseases without access to expertise or effective treatments and so the humanitarian mandate remains clear. However, immense opportunities, still exist to build on the achievements of the last four decades. One key to the future will surely be imaginative exploration and diversification of funding models realistically to advanceand equitably sharethe benefits that accompany the healing concept in rare diseases.
Human respiratory syncytial virus and influenza seasonality patterns—Early findings from the WHO global respiratory syncytial virus surveillance (2020)

Early findings from the WHO RSV surveillance pilot based on the GISRS suggest annual seasonal patterns for of RSV circulation that overlap with influenza. RSV surveillance needs to be continued for several more seasons to establish seasonality patterns to inform prevention and control strategies.
Delivering power system decision support tools over the web (2010)

Utilities world over use decision support tools based on in-premise software with standalone architecture and suffer vulnerability when needing to extend their application to meet new business requirements. Accessibility of these applications are limited to specific operating environments resulting in restricted information being available at the right place and time to support decision making. Unlike other sectors such as Financial Services, Banking etc., power sector is yet to leverage the benefits of the internet technologies for efficient operations. In a deregulated system designed to support open access, decision making has to be transparent and it requires participation of many players whose behavior is governed by diverse interests from profitable trade all the way to security in system operations. In particular it is foreseen that decision support tools should be so deployed that they can be accessed from anywhere and at any time. This led to the work on introducing Software-as-a-Service model for power system analysis computations - using the internet to provide access from anywhere and at any time. This work extends the architecture to other power system decision support tools to make them available over the web based on the SaaS model. Tools to evaluate Smart Grid Maturity of the utilities based on the Smart Grid Maturity Model (SGMM) are proposed. Cloud computing based virtualization and hosting options are also examined.
A randomized controlled trial to assess alendronate‐associated injury of the upper gastrointestinal tract (2000)

Alendronate is associated with injury and ulceration of the gastric mucosa. This effect was not associated with any significant change in gastric mucosal PGE2 levels.
Molecular Biology: Principles and Practice (2011)

Written and illustrated with unsurpassed clarity, Molecular Biology: Principles and Practice introduces fundamental concepts while exposing students to how science is done. The authors convey the sense of joy and excitement that comes from scientific discovery, highlighting the work of researchers who have shaped the field today
Modelling to Analyse the Process and Sustainability Performance of Forestry-based Bioenergy Systems (2021)

Abstract This study develops a novel mathematical modelling framework for biomass combined heat and power systems (CHP) linking physicochemical/thermodynamic characteristics and life cycle sustainability. A total of twenty-nine indicators for the process (4), economic (5), environmental (8) and social global (5) and local (7) aspects have been analysed for sustainability. These are biomass throughput, electricity and steam generations and CHP efficiency; internal rate of return, capital, operating and feedstock costs and cost of production; global warming, fossil, land and water use, acidification, urban smog, eutrophication and ecotoxicity potentials; labour rights &amp; decent work, health &amp; safety, human rights, governance and community infrastructure; total forest land, direct/indirect jobs, gender equality and energy-water-sanitation access for communities, from biomass characteristics (carbon and hydrogen contents), energy demands and economic parameters. The model is disseminated as an open-web-resource https://tesarrec.web.app/sustainability/chp. In a case study approach, from 12.47 kt/year forestry residue, 1 MWe is generated with an associated low-pressure steam generation of 50 kt/year, at a cost of production of $0.023/kWh, making “affordable and clean energy” (the UN Sustainable Development Goals, SDG7) for marginalised/poor communities. Bioenergy can curb &gt;90% greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy, 6 kt CO 2 eq and 74 TJ annually, 87-53% water consumption, acidification and eutrophication, and 29-18% urban smog and ecotoxicity, compared to fossil-based counterpart. All five social themes in the Central American cluster countries can be improved by bioenergy. In addition to SDG7, SDG6: "clean water and sanitation for all" can be delivered by forestry-based bioenergy system.
Synthesis and structure of a “living” copolymer of propylene and 1,5‐hexadiene (1989)

Abstract A soluble V(acac) 3 /Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl system was found to polymerize 1,5‐hexadiene to give a living polymer in toluene at −78°C. Hydrogenation of poly(1,5‐hexadiene) was conducted to determine the chain microstructure. The 13 C NMR analysis of hydrogenated poly(1,5‐hexadiene) indicated that the poly(1,5‐hexadiene) is composed of alternating units of 1,3‐cyclopentylenemethylene and 1‐vinyltetramethylene. In addition, living copolymers of propylene and 1,5‐hexadiene were prepared and characterized by analysis of the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra. A chain propagation mechanism of living poly(1,5‐hexadiene) is proposed.
Impact of AAC design on phase noise performance of VCOs (2001)

The automatic amplitude control (AAC) system is a servo-circuit of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) that proves important for the practical implementation of fully integrated RF front-ends. Nevertheless, the noise contributed by the AAC can degrade the phase noise performance of the oscillator. In this paper, the time-varying noise transfer of the peak detector is analyzed, since it is recognized as the critical noise source in the simple AAC loop taken as reference. A fast rule to predict the noise spectral density at the peak detector output is given that substantially facilitates the estimate of the phase noise degradation on the VCO output. The analysis has been carried out both theoretically and by simulation; experimental validation has also been provided by means of a discrete-components test board. Guidelines for low-noise design of the peak detector of AAC are finally proposed.
Pharmacokinetics and individualized dose adjustment of intravenous busulfan in children with advanced hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2004)

We investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a recently approved intravenous busulfan (IVBU) formulation as a part of the preparative regimen in 20 children with advanced hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Seventeen patients received a thiotepa, IVBU, and cyclophosphamide-based regimen, and 3 patients received an IVBU and cyclophosphamide-based regimen. All patients received IVBU 0.8 mg/kg for the first 2 doses; thereafter, the IVBU dose was modified, if required, to achieve a final area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) at steady state of 1150 micromol/L/min per dose (range, 1000-1300 micromol/L/min per dose; SD +/-13%) based on the first-dose PK determination. PK studies were repeated on subsequent doses to verify the final AUC. Initial mean IVBU clearance and half-life were 3.96 mL/min/kg and 1.98 hours, respectively. Sixteen (80%) of the 20 patients received dose adjustments: 14 patients required dose escalations, and 2 required dose reductions. Overall, thirteen (72%) of 18 available sample sets at final follow-up PK analysis showed the IVBU exposure to be within the targeted range. IVBU PK was linear, and interpatient variability was much lower than that observed with oral busulfan. IVBU was well tolerated, and no case of hepatic veno-occlusive disease was encountered. Mild and transient hyperbilirubinemia was observed in 7 patients. Thirteen of the 20 patients were alive at a median follow-up of 651 days (range, 386-1555 days). We conclude that a standardized IVBU dose of 0.8 mg/kg in children does not always result in an AUC within the reference range defined in this study. Therapeutic drug monitoring with dose adjustment based on first-dose PK can optimize the systemic busulfan exposure for children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
3D nanorhombus nickel nitride as stable and cost-effective counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells and supercapacitor applications (2018)

Transition metal nitride based materials have attracted significant interest owing to their excellent properties and multiple applications in the field of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Herein we synthesize 3D nanorhombus nickel nitride (Ni<sub>3</sub>N) thin films by adopting a reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering process. The as-deposited 3D nano rhombus Ni<sub>3</sub>N thin films were utilized as cost-effective electrodes in the fabrication of supercapacitors (SCs) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The structure, phase formation, surface morphology and elemental composition of the as-deposited Ni<sub>3</sub>N thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrochemical supercapacitive performance of the Ni<sub>3</sub>N thin films was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) techniques, in 3 M KOH supporting electrolyte. The areal capacitance of the Ni<sub>3</sub>N thin film electrode obtained from CV analysis was 319.5 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> at a lower scan rate of 10 mV s<sup>-1</sup>. Meanwhile, the Ni<sub>3</sub>N thin film showed an excellent cyclic stability and retained 93.7% efficiency of its initial capacitance after 2000 cycles at 100 mV s<sup>-1</sup>. Interestingly, the DSSCs fabricated with a Ni<sub>3</sub>N CE showed a notable power energy conversion efficiency of 2.88% and remarkable stability. The prominent performance of the Ni<sub>3</sub>N thin film was ascribed mainly due to good conductivity, high electrochemically active sites with excellent 3D nano rhombus structures and high electrocatalytic activity. Overall, these results demonstrate that the Ni<sub>3</sub>N electrode is capable of being considered for efficient SCs and DSSCs. This investigation also offers an essential directive for the advancement of energy storage and conversion devices.
Structural basis of chemotherapy resistance mediated by thymidylate synthase (1996)

visible in the 12-fold averaged structure. Due to selective binding of ADP within the dodecamer, the GS molecule deviates from exact 62 symmetry. This explains the preference of the C2 crystal form over hexagonal crystal fonns which are observed for higher and lower ADP concentrations.
PIV Measurement of Electro-Osmotic and Pressure-Driven Flow Components in Microfluidic Systems (1999)

Abstract Methodology and analysis software have been developed that produce high-spatial-resolution field measurements of depthwise uniform, linear shear, and parabolic components of the velocity from particle-image videos in which the depthwise direction is not resolved. These velocity components can be approximately identified with uniform electrokinetic flow, electrokinetic flow with a ζ-potential difference between the bottom and top surfaces, and pressure-driven flow, respectively. This software has extracted measurements of the uniform and parabolic components of mixed pressure-driven and electrokinetic particle flows over heterogeneous boundaries. This decomposition of flow components simplifies the interpretation of complicated microflows.
The Electrical Asymmetry Effect - A novel and simple method for separate control of ion energy and flux in capacitively coupled RF discharges (2009)

If a temporally symmetric voltage waveform is applied to a capacitively coupled radio frequency (CCRF) discharge, that contains one or more even harmonics of the fundamental frequency, the sheaths in front of the two electrodes will necessarily be asymmetric even in a geometrically symmetric discharge. Optimally this is achieved with a dual-frequency discharge driven at a phase locked fundamental frequency and its second harmonic, e.g. 13.56 MHz and 27.12 MHz. An analytical model, a hybrid fluid/Monte-Carlo kinetic model as well as a Particle in Cell (PIC) simulation show that this Electrical Asymmetry Effect (EAE) leads to the generation of a DC self bias as a function of the phase between the applied voltage harmonics in geometrically symmetric as well as asymmetric discharges. The DC self bias depends almost linearly on the phase angle and the role of the electrodes (powered and grounded) can be reversed. At low pressures the EAE is self-amplifying due to the conservation of ion flux in the sheaths. By tuning the phase, precise and convenient control of the ion energy at the electrodes can be achieved, while the ion flux remains constant. The maximum ion energy can typically be changed by a factor of about three at both electrodes. At the same time the ion flux is constant within ±5%.
A Simplified Induction Machine Model to Study Rotor Broken Bar Effects and for Detection (2006)

International audience
Subsídios para uma análise da mobilidade populacional à escala local : o caso do concelho de Vila Verde (2010)

Neste artigo procura-se compreender os fluxos populacionais com origem e destino no concelho de Vila Verde, com base em dados recolhidos no recenseamento eleitoral e nos recenseamentos gerais da população por freguesia. E fazemo-lo cientes de que ao mergulharmos na análise da mobilidade populacional à escala concelhia, das freguesias, ou dos lugares, temos de lidar com movimentos diferenciados que fazem coabitar no mesmo território fenómenos de emigração/imigração e de crescimento/ regressão populacional reveladores de uma realidade muito complexa e mal conhecida, face às modificações que os homens provocam com a forma como promovem a ocupação do espaço. Ainda que os dados usados neste trabalho possam ser considerados insuficientes e que não cubram, com rigor, toda a dinâmica do movimento migratório interno foi possível concluir que os limites territoriais do fenómeno analisado são muito evidentes e têm na sua origem diversos factores de natureza socioeconómica.