gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of polycrystal YBaCuO and its relation with shielding effect. (1990)

Polycrystal YBaCuO and its Relation with Shielding Effect
Adjuvant Costimulation during Secondary Antigen Challenge Directs Qualitative Aspects of Oral Tolerance Induction, Particularly during the Neonatal Period (2004)

In this report we demonstrate that although passive feeding of specific Ag to mice as neonates or adults can induce oral tolerance in both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune response, quantitative and, in particular, qualitative aspects of the tolerance process are determined by the nature of the inflammatory costimuli provided at the time of secondary Ag challenge. Moreover, this dependency upon nonspecific costimulation is more profound in Ag-fed neonates than in their adult counterparts. Thus, administration of Ag in the Th1-selective adjuvant CFA to prefed animals resulted in significant inhibition of IgG2a, IL-2, and IFN-gamma responses, whereas IL-5 responses were increased. In contrast, rechallenge with Ag in the Th2-selective adjuvant aluminum hydroxide resulted in significant inhibition of IgG1, IgE, IL-2, and IL-5 responses, whereas IFN-gamma responses were increased. Additionally, although soluble Ag challenge of prefed adults revealed marginal tolerogenic effects, the same challenge protocol in animals prefed as neonates elicited enhanced Th2-dependent IgG1 production. These results suggest that inflammatory stimulation at the time of Ag challenge is obligatory to trigger oral tolerance mechanisms, particularly in animals fed as neonates and also that the type of adjuvant used at the time of challenge selects for the type of Th cell population to be inhibited.
KNOTTED1 Cofactors, BLH12 and BLH14, Regulate Internode Patterning and Vein Anastomosis in Maize (2017)

Monocot stems lack the vascular cambium and instead have characteristic structures in which intercalary meristems generate internodes and veins remain separate and scattered. However, developmental processes of these unique structures have been poorly described. BELL1-like homeobox (BLH) transcription factors (TFs) are known to heterodimerize with KNOTTED1-like homeobox TFs to play crucial roles in shoot meristem maintenance, but their functions are elusive in monocots. We found that maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) BLH12 and BLH14 have redundant but important roles in stem development. BLH12/14 interact with KNOTTED1 (KN1) in vivo and accumulate in overlapping domains in shoot meristems, young stems, and provascular bundles. Similar to <i>kn1</i> loss-of-function mutants, <i>blh12 blh14</i> (<i>blh12/14</i>) double mutants fail to maintain axillary meristems. Unique to <i>blh12/14</i> is an abnormal tassel branching and precocious internode differentiation that results in dwarfism and reduced veins in stems. Micro-computed tomography observation of vascular networks revealed that <i>blh12/14</i> double mutants had reduced vein number due to fewer intermediate veins in leaves and precocious anastomosis in young stems. Based on these results, we propose two functions of BLH12/14 during stem development: (1) maintaining intercalary meristems that accumulate KN1 and prevent precocious internode differentiation and (2) preventing precocious anastomosis of provascular bundles in young stems to ensure the production of sufficient independent veins.
Superacid-Based Lithium Salts For Polymer Electrolytes (1995)

Solid polymer electrolytes exhibiting high lithium-ion conductivities made by incorporating salts of superacids into thin films of polyethylene oxide (PEO). These and other solid-polymer electrolytes candidates for use in rechargeable lithium-based electrochemical cells. Increases in room-temperature lithium-ion conductivities of solid electrolytes desirable because they increase achievable power and energy densities.
Computational modelling of anti-angiogenic therapies based on multiparametric molecular imaging data (2012)

Computational tumour models have emerged as powerful tools for the optimization of cancer therapies; ideally, these models should incorporate patient-specific imaging data indicative of therapeutic response. The purpose of this study was to develop a tumour modelling framework in order to simulate the therapeutic effects of anti-angiogenic agents based upon clinical molecular imaging data. The model was applied to positron emission tomography (PET) data of cellular proliferation and hypoxia from a phase I clinical trial of bevacizumab, an antibody that neutralizes the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). When using pre-therapy PET data in combination with literature-based dose response parameters, simulated follow-up hypoxia data yielded good qualitative agreement with imaged hypoxia levels. Improving the quantitative agreement with follow-up hypoxia and proliferation PET data required tuning of the maximum vascular growth fraction (VGF(max)) and the tumour cell cycle time to patient-specific values. VGF(max) was found to be the most sensitive model parameter (CV = 22%). Assuming availability of patient-specific, intratumoural VEGF levels, we show how bevacizumab dose levels can potentially be 'tailored' to improve levels of tumour hypoxia while maintaining proliferative response, both of which are critically important in the context of combination therapy. Our results suggest that, upon further validation, the application of image-driven computational models may afford opportunities to optimize dosing regimens and combination therapies in a patient-specific manner.
Cooperative Tracking of Moving Targets by a Team of Autonomous UAVs (2006)

This paper summarizes current work on theoretical and experimental cooperative tracking of moving targets by a team of UAVs. The Insitu Group is leading a diverse group of researchers to develop building block foundations for cooperative tracking. The building block algorithms have been maturing through the partners, and the team led by Insitu is now pulling the technologies together for demonstration and commercialization. The work reported here focuses on cooperative tracking using multiple UAVs, with the ability for one operator to control many UAVs which are tasked to 1) provide autonomous tracking of moving and evading targets, and 2) report to a centralized database (without operator attention): the position, position history, velocity vector of the target being tracked. Flock guidance algorithms have been developed and simulated to enable a flock of UAVs to track an evading vehicle. Algorithms have been demonstrated in simulation that: dynamically allocate tasks and compute near-optimal paths in real-time; minimize the probability that vehicles are destroyed due to collision or damage from threat; and accommodate moving targets, time-on-targets, and sequencing, as well as the effects of weather (especially wind) and terrain. Additionally geolocation estimation algorithms and software have been developed which exchange information among vehicles, process the information robustly and in real time, and have demonstrated that the joint accuracy is improved. Work has also focused on accurate probabilistic analysis of the estimates, especially considering variations across multiple vehicle sets of ScanEagle UAVs
Iron-Aluminide Filters for Hot-Gas Cleanup (1999)

Iron aluminides have shown good to excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance in sulfur-bearing environments and thus have potential for use as the material of construction for metallic filters used to clean fossil-fuel-derived gases prior to their introduction into gas turbine systems. Consequently, a background for consideration of such alloys for filter applications is given in terms of a brief summary of the physical metallurgy and relevant high-temperature corrosion behavior of iron aluminides. In addition, preliminary characterization results on iron-aluminide filter elements exposed in test beds that simulate environments associated with advanced coal-fired energy production are presented. Although good corrosion resistance was found, there were minor to moderate strength reductions that did not necessarily scale with time. Little degradation in ductility was observed.
Interaction of acetohexamide with probenecid in rabbits. (1987)

The interaction of acetohexamide with probenecid was investigated in rabbits. 1. Probenecid significantly enhanced the hypoglycemic activity of acetohexamide after its oral administration. In addition, probenecid markedly increased the plasma concentrations of acetohexamide and its pharmacologically active metabolite, hydroxyhexamide. 2. Probenecid significantly decreased the urinary excretion of hydroxyhexamide after oral administration of acetohexamide, but caused no change in the urinary excretion of the parent compound. Probenecid non-competitively inhibited the metabolic reduction of acetohexamide by the liver cytosol. 3. Probenecid itself had little effect on the in vitro binding of acetohexamide or (−)-hydroxyhexamide to the serum, but a mutual displacement of serum protein binding was observed between acetohexamide and (−)-hydroxyhexamide. Evidence obtained in this study suggests that the interaction of acetohexamide with probenecid is a complex process.
A distributed feedback ridge waveguide quantum well heterostructure laser (1991)

A method for incorporating distributed feedback in a ridge waveguide laser by means of lateral gratings and a single growth step is discussed. The necessary Bragg condition for distributed feedback is satisfied by etching gratings along the ridge in the top confining layer of the laser on either side of the contact stripe. Both Fabry-Periot modes and a single emission peak away from the peak of the gain profile are observed in lasers with cleaved facets. The Bragg reflection emission peak does not shift with increasing drive current, which is characteristic of a distributed-feedback (DFB) laser.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract 648: Effects of bazedoxifene and lapatinib in the prevention of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) mammary cancers (2019)

Abstract Bazedoxifene is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has been clinically approved in Europe for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our research previously showed that this agent (at a dose of 5 mg/kg diet) would decrease ER+ mammary cancers in rats by 73%. Lapatinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, is commonly used to treat patients with HER2+ breast cancer. We have also shown that the compound inhibits the development of ER+ mammary cancers in rats and ER- mammary cancers in mice at a dose of 75 mg/kg BW/day. The present studies were done to determine if lower doses and different treatment regimens designed to reduce possible toxicity would also be effective in preventing mammary cancers. Bazeodxifene was added directly to the diet (Teklad, 4% fat), while lapatinib was given by oral gavage. When evaluated in rats receiving methylnitrosourea (MNU), lapatinib given daily at doses of 75, 50 and 25 mg/kg BW/day reduced mammary cancer multiplicity by 93, 84 and 67%, respectively. Equivalent doses given 1x/week caused reductions of 87, 56, and 40%. When lapatinib was given to dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) treated MMTV/Neu mice at dose levels of 250, 125, and 63 mg/kg BW, 5x/week, mammary cancer multiplicity was reduced by 89, 60 and 80%, respectively. When equivalent doses were given 1x/week, the number of cancers were reduced by 82, 61, and 70%. Bazedoxifene given at 5.0 and 2.5 mg/kg diet to female MMTV/Neu mice also receiving DMBA caused reduction of mammary cancers by 73 and 51%. In a biomarker study lasting two weeks, bazedoxifene at the 5.0 mg/kg BW/day dose decreased the proliferation rate of normal mammary epithelial cells in MMTV/Neu mice by 60%. Additional studies to determine why this SERM is having a preventive effect against ER- mammary cancers are warranted. Studies to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of low doses of bazedoxifene and lapatinib in prevention of ER+ and ER- mammary cancers are in progress and will be presented. Supported by the NCI contract number HHSN261201500036I, Task Order HHSN26100005. Citation Format: Clinton J. Grubbs, Altaf Mohammed, Shizuko Sei, Robert H. Shoemaker. Effects of bazedoxifene and lapatinib in the prevention of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) mammary cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 648.
Stiffened Panels in Compression: Redirecting Loads Toward High-Strength Stiffeners (2004)

Peer Reviewed
Effect of selective blockade of endothelin ET<sub>B</sub> receptors on the liver dysfunction and injury caused by endotoxaemia in the rat (1996)

1. We investigated the effects of the selective endothelin (ET)A receptor antagonist BQ-485 and the selective ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 on circulatory failure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and the alterations in acid base balance caused by endotoxaemia in the anaesthetized rat. 2. Male Wistar rats were anaesthetized (thiopentone sodium; 120 mg kg-1, i.p.) and received a continuous infusion of vehicle (saline, 0.6 ml kg-1h-1, i.v.), BQ-485 (10 nmol kg-1 min-1, i.v.) or BQ-788 (10 nmol kg-1 min-1, i.v.). Fifteen min later, animals received a bolus injection of either saline (0.9% NaCl, 1 ml kg-1, i.v.) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg kg-1, i.v.). 3. Injection of LPS resulted in a fall in blood pressure from 115 +/- 4 mmHg (time 0) to 82 +/- 4 mmHg at 360 min (n = 15) as well as a hyporeactivity to the pressor responses to noradrenaline (NA, 1 microgram kg-1, i.v.). Infusion of BQ-788 attenuated the delayed hypotension (at 360 min: 100 +/- 4 mmHg, n = 7; P < 0.05) and significantly enhanced the pressor responses elicited by NA (at 60 to 240 min). In contrast, treatment of LPS-rats with BQ-485 augmented the hypotension (at 360 min), but did not affect the vascular hyporeactivity elicited by endotoxaemia. 4. Endotoxaemia for 360 min resulted in rises in the serum levels of urea and creatinine (indicators of renal failure), glutamate-oxalate-transferase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate-transferase (GPT) (indicators of hepatocellular injury), and bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) (indicators of liver failure) as well as nitrite (indicator of the induction of nitric oxide synthase; iNOS). Treatment of LPS-rats with BQ-788, but not with BQ-485, attenuated the degree of liver injury and failure, while neither BQ-788 nor BQ-485 affected the acute renal failure or the induction of iNOS caused by endotoxin. 5. Endotoxaemia also caused (within 15 min) an acute metabolic acidosis (falls in pH, HCO3-and base excess) which was compensated by hyperventilation (fall in PaCO2). Treatment of LPS-rats with BQ-788 or BQ-485 did not affect the metabolic acidosis caused by LPS. 6. Thus, the selective ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 attenuated (i) the delayed hypotension, (ii) the vascular hyporeactivity to NA as well as (iii) the degree of hepatocellular injury and dysfunction caused by endotoxin in the anaesthetized rat. In contrast, the selective ETA receptor antagonist did neither attenuate the circulatory failure nor the liver or renal dysfunction associated with endotoxaemia. We propose that the prevention of the hepatocellular dysfunction and injury caused BQ-788 in endotoxaemia is due to an improvement in oxygen delivery to the liver secondary to (i) inhibition of pre-sinusoidal constriction, (ii) inhibition of sinusoidal constriction, and (iii) improvement in perfusion pressure.
Lift-Off Process for Flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> Solar Cells (2010)

A lift-off process for flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells was developed. After the growth of a CIGS thin film on a Mo/glass substrate at 550 °C, the CIGS film was transferred to polyimide and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films. Process temperatures for the device fabrication after the transfer were less than 100 °C. The conversion efficiencies of the lift-off CIGS solar cells were similar and were almost one-half that of a CIGS solar cell prepared by a standard process. The difference was mainly due to the low fill factor caused by a poor back-contact property and the low short-circuit current caused by an inappropriate band gap profile in the CIGS layer. There still remain problems related to the improvement in efficiency; however, this is the first report on flexible CIGS solar cells on a low-thermal-tolerance substrate. We demonstrated the possibility of freedom of substrate material choice in CIGS solar cells.
Immunoassay Reagents for Thyroid Testing. 3. Determination of the Solution Binding Affinities of a T<sub>4</sub> Monoclonal Antibody Fab Fragment for a Library of Thyroxine Analogs Using Surface Plasmon Resonance (1998)

A library of thyroxine analogs and tracers was prepared, and their solution binding affinities for an anti-T4 Fab fragment were determined using a single high-density L-T4 biosensor surface in a BIAcore surface plasmon resonance instrument. The high-density L-T4 analog biosensor was calibrated by determination of the initial binding rate was of known concentrations of free anti-T4 Fab fragment in solution to the biosensor surface. A range of individual thyroxine analog and tracer concentrations was subsequently mixed with a fixed concentration of anti-T4 Fab fragment. The concentration of free anti-T4 Fab fragment in each solution at equilibrium was determined, and the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for each case was derived. The KD values determined in solution are compared to values determined by a direct kinetic analysis on the BIAcore instrument using individual biosensor surfaces.
Evaluation of HMM training algorithms for letter hand gesture recognition (2004)

The paper introduces an application using computer vision for letter hand gesture recognition. A digital camera records a video stream of hand gestures. The hand is automatically segmented, the position of the hand centroid is calculated in each frame, and a trajectory of the hand is determined. After smoothing the trajectory, a sequence of angles of motion along the trajectory is calculated and quantized to form a discrete observation sequence. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are used to recognize the letters. Baum Welch and Viterbi path counting algorithms are applied for training the HMMs. Our system recognizes all 26 letters from A to Z and the database contains 30 example videos of each letter gesture. We achieve an average recognition rate of about 90 percent. A motivation for the development of this system is to provide an alternate text input mechanism for camera enabled handheld devices, such as video mobile phones and PDAs.
<scp>Catechol‐O</scp>‐methyltransferase inhibition with entacapone: Evidence from controlled clinical trials in Parkinson's disease (2023)

Adjunct therapy with the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor entacapone is a first-line approach to treat wearing-off type motor fluctuations in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Five randomized placebo-controlled trials including a total of >1000 patients have established its efficacy, showing increases in ON time between 0.7 and 1.6 h, with corresponding OFF-time reductions. These and other trials also found improvements in ON motor function and quality of life. Additional trials have tested the efficacy of adjunct entacapone in patients either without or with early and mild motor fluctuations and also found enhanced motor control and improved activities of daily living function and quality of life, whereas the STRIDE-PD trial failed to show efficacy of early entacapone use in delaying the onset of dyskinesias. Adjunct entacapone enhances dopaminergic activity and may increase levodopa-induced adverse events like dyskinesias, which can usually be controlled by modest levodopa dose reductions. There is no formal requirement to monitor liver function during entacapone treatment. Entacapone can be a rare cause of lymphocytic colitis with severe diarrhoea and need for treatment discontinuation. In 2003, a triple-combination pill of levodopa, carbidopa, and entacapone (LCE) was first introduced onto the market, and since then proprietary LCE (Stalevo<sup>®</sup> ) is indicated on the basis of those trials for patients with idiopathic PD to (i) substitute for immediate-release carbidopa/levodopa and entacapone previously administered as individual products or (ii) replace immediate-release carbidopa/levodopa therapy (without entacapone) when patients taking a total daily dose of levodopa of ≤600 mg and not experiencing dyskinesias experience signs and symptoms of end-of-dose wearing off.
Heterogeneously integrated gallium phosphide optomechanical oscillator on Soi waveguides (2022)

We present a one dimensional photonic crystal, made of Gallium-Phosphide, as an optomechanical oscillator with low phase noise. The heterogenous integration on Silicon-on-Insulator circuitry allows the evanescently coupling of light at telecom wavelengths from the silicon waveguides into the photonic wire crystal. Thanks to the strong interaction between the optical field and mechanical field, the mechanical oscillation at 3.35 GHz is directly imprinted on the optical carrier. An external opto-electronic feedback loop with time-delay is constructed to further stabilize the oscillation. We achieved a phase noise of -111dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency with sub-Hz linewidth of 0.67 Hz.
Normalization of Amniotic Fluid Levels After Fetoscopic Laser Surgery for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (2010)

Although the AF of individual donor and recipient fetuses may take several weeks to normalize after laser surgery for TTTS, it is rare for both fetuses to meet TTTS criteria beyond the first postoperative week.
Kinetic and thermodynamic considerations in the synthesis of a new three‐arm poly(ε‐caprolactone) (2004)

Abstract A new high‐molecular‐weight three‐arm poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) polymer was synthesized in bulk (in the absence of any solvent) by using aluminum tri‐sec butoxide as a tri‐functional initiator. The ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone occurs via a coordination‐insertion mechanism that links three growing polyester chains to the Al central atom via metal alkoxide bonds. The global kinetics of the bulk polymerization was determined, and a kinetic model based on monomer‐polymer equilibrium was developed to predict the fractional extent of monomer conversion. Monomer conversions in excess of 95% to form high‐molecular‐weight PCL were achieved. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1491–1497, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.