gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seed-mediated synthesis of plasmonic gold nanoribbons using cancer cells for hyperthermia applications (2018)

A surfactant-less, seed mediated, biological synthesis of two dimensional (2-D) nanoribbons in the presence of breast cancer cells (MCF7) is demonstrated. The diameter and yield of nanoribbons are tunable via seeds and gold precursor concentration. Such crystalline nanoribbons serve to enhance the Raman signals over MCF7 cells. The side and slopes of the triangular nanoplatelets fused as nanoribbons exhibit plasmon excitement in quadrupole resonance modes in the infrared region. Consequently, when irradiated with an infrared laser they show an excellent photothermal effect and rapid rise in temperature. The experimental results verified by finite-difference time-domain (FTDT) calculations reveal the presence of wedge-plasmon polaritons propagating along the edges of the nanoribbons. These simulations confirm that long aspect ratio nanoribbon's edges and vertices act as an active optical waveguide, allowing for heat propagation along the long axis, killing cancer cells in the process at lower power doses.
FaceVR (2018)

We propose FaceVR , a novel image-based method that enables video teleconferencing in VR based on self-reenactment. State-of-the-art face tracking methods in the VR context are focused on the animation of rigged 3D avatars (Li et al. 2015; Olszewski et al. 2016). Although they achieve good tracking performance, the results look cartoonish and not real. In contrast to these model-based approaches, FaceVR enables VR teleconferencing using an image-based technique that results in nearly photo-realistic outputs. The key component of FaceVR is a robust algorithm to perform real-time facial motion capture of an actor who is wearing a head-mounted display (HMD), as well as a new data-driven approach for eye tracking from monocular videos. Based on reenactment of a prerecorded stereo video of the person without the HMD, FaceVR incorporates photo-realistic re-rendering in real time, thus allowing artificial modifications of face and eye appearances. For instance, we can alter facial expressions or change gaze directions in the prerecorded target video. In a live setup, we apply these newly introduced algorithmic components.
[Mechanisms of renal retention of sodium and water in heart failure, cirrhosis and pregnancy]. (2000)

A decade after a unifying hypothesis of sodium and water regulation had been proposed, evidence has accumulated in support of common (patho)physiologic mechanisms of sodium and water retention in congestive heart failure, cirrhosis and pregnancy. Either primary arterial vasodilatation (cirrhosis, pregnancy), or a decrease in cardiac output (low-output heart failure) impair arterial circulatory integrity ("effective arterial blood volume"), which unloads ventricular and arterial baroreceptors. Consequently, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, arginine-vasopressin, as well as other less well explored mechanisms occurs in an attempt to restore the arterial circulatory integrity. Consequences of this neurohumoral activation with arterial uderfilling include renal sodium and water retention and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. In this review specific pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the sodium and water retention in congestive heart failure, cirrhosis and pregnancy will be discussed.
MALDI-TOF peptidomic analysis of serum and post-prostatic massage urine specimens to identify prostate cancer biomarkers (2018)

MALDI-TOF/MS serum peptidome profiling was more efficacious with respect to post-prostatic massage urine analysis in discriminating PCa.
Maize (1995)

Genes advantageous for pathogen or insect resistance, or for enhancing yield, are continuously being sought by plant breeders. Many of these genes exist outside the species targeted for improvement. This fact has led researchers to contemplate ways of overcoming the biological barriers to gene transfer. More than a quarter of a century has passed since the first attempt was made to introduce DNA into maize (Zea mays) through physical intervention (Coe & Sarkar, 1966). Although this attempt, which involved direct injection of DNA into apical meristems of seeds, was not successful, it did serve to identify a principal problem – namely that ‘The cell wall, a massive barrier to large structures, may have to be disrupted mechanically or chemically, or otherwise circumvented’. Another observation made in 1966 by Coe & Sarkar was that ‘the number of meristem cells actually penetrated and observed may be too small to have included a fortuitous, observable transformation’. Over two decades later the efficient combination of DNA delivery and transformed cell selection has proved to be the key to production of transgenic plants of all species and particularly of maize, which as a cereal of major commercial importance has attracted substantial attention in recent years.
Comparison between Preamble Sampling and Wake-Up Receivers in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Having a wake-up receiver constantly listening is often seen as a replacement for running a duty- cycled medium access control protocol on a commercial low-power radio chip. Wake-up receivers do offer a better latency while consuming negligible power. Recent wake-up receivers show an impressively low power consumption of 52μW, but at the cost of a sensitivity of -72dBm, 20-30dB higher than the sensitivity of a commercial radio chip. This difference in sensitivity causes the wake-up receiver to have a much smaller communication range than the commercially available low power radio. In practice, this translates into requiring a denser deployment, or having to add an external power amplifier. This paper discusses the applicability of wake-up receivers in low-power wireless multihop networks. We show how, at available sensitivity levels, a wake-up receiver helps reducing the power consumption, but also requires a dramatically higher design or deployment cost.
Integration of video surveillance and RFID for remote scene monitoring (2008)

In this paper a solution to integrate video surveillance into RFID units for remote scene monitoring is proposed. The method is comprised of two major building blocks, namely an RFID transmitter operating at 240 kbps, and a very low complexity image compression engine. The latter is realized with field programmable gate array (FPGA) using small amount of gate count and no external memory.
Monitoring des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms - Standards und Herausforderungen (2010)

The introduction of targeted therapies has led to a novel situation regarding monitoring of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): patients treated with these new drugs have a significantly longer life expectancy than just a few years ago. In order to maximize the treatment benefit, new demands have come up on the assessment of tumor progression: timing and interpretation of imaging studies are crucial for optimal therapeutic management. Detailed knowledge of the new compounds' mode of action is important as it is different from that of classic cytotoxic drugs. The RECIST criteria constitute the standard for evaluation. Following recommendations made by the German Cancer Society's (DKG) interdisciplinary task force, targeted therapies should strive for a sufficient treatment duration in each line of therapy in order to achieve the best therapeutic outcome. Treatment is continued until clinical progression occurs. Assessing therapeutic efficacy with adequate imaging techniques 6-9 weeks after the beginning of therapy is recommended. Subsequent follow-up examinations should be repeated using identical imaging modalities every 2-3 months. For cyclically applied drugs such as Sunitinib, examinations should be carried out at identical time points within the treatment cycle.
Accelerated Cycle Aging Tests Applied to Lithium-Ion Capacitors (2017)

Relatively high energy and high power are the main advantages of Lithium-Ion Capacitors (LICs). Both criteria are considered fundamental when designing a system that needs an Energy Storage System (ESS). Another important factor is the lifetime of LICs that is not yet well investigated in the literature. It is influenced by the operation of the LIC and the environmental conditions. This is mainly related to the change in the electrochemical phenomena responsible for the storage of energy due to aging. Since the LIC has a hybrid composition that combines the ones in Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) and Supercapacitors (SCs), it seemed interesting to study the effects of each composition on the lifetime of LICs. For this purpose, different continuous cycling tests that consider the two compositions were applied to eight samples. This paper focuses on the effects of each current profile on the degradation of LICs. Results showed that the phenomena related to LIBs had the most significant influence on the performance degradation of LICs.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay-based photosafety screening for complex ingredients: Modification of the ROS assay protocol (2022)

A reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay has been widely used for photosafety assessment; however, the phototoxic potential of complex materials, including plant extracts, essential oils, and functional polymers, is unevaluable because of their undefined molecular weights. The present study was undertaken to modify the ROS assay protocol for evaluating phototoxic potentials of those materials with use of their apparent molecular weight (aMw). On preparing sample solutions for the ROS assay, aMw ranging from 150 to 350 was tentatively employed for test substances. The modified ROS assays were applied to 45 phototoxic and 19 non-phototoxic substances, including 44 chemicals and 20 complex materials (plant extracts) for clarification of the predictive performance. Generation of ROS from photo-irradiated samples tended to increase as aMW grew, resulting in the largest number of false-positive predictions at aMW of 350. Some false-negative predictions were also observed when aMW was set at 200 or less. At aMw of 250, all tested phototoxic substances could be correctly identified as photoreactive with no false-negative predictions. Based on these observations, aMw of 250 was found to be suitable for the ROS assay on complex materials, and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictivity for the proposed ROS assay were calculated to be 100, 52.6, 83.3, and 100%, respectively. Thus, the proposed approach may be efficacious for predicting phototoxic potentials of complex materials and contribute to the development of new products with a wide photosafety margin.
Fabrication of Abrupt AlN/GaN Multi Quantum Wells by Low Temperature Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2009)

AlN/GaN multi quantum wells (MQWs) with abrupt interface were grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). It was revealed that the interface abruptness and coherency of AlN/GaN MQWs to AlN buffer layer were improved at lower temperature of 930 °C. We suggest that the inter-diffusion between wells and barriers was suppressed by lowering growth temperature. The surface of MQWs became smooth at lower temperature of 930 °C showing 0.86 nm of root mean square (RMS) value. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the low temperature growth at 930 °C is essential for the fabrication of abrupt and smooth AlN/GaN MQWs by MOVPE.
Clinical Impact of a Genetic Test in the Treatment and Surveillance of Barrett’s Esophagus: A National Community-Based Study of Gastroenterologists (2014)

Introduction: Management of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) has evolved significantly over the past two decades; however, the practice patterns for managing BE among gastroenterologists remain variable and inconsistent. ENGAUGE™-GI-Barrett’s Esophagus has been developed and validated to determine risk of progression in BE patients. It is a multigene assay performed on an individual patient’s biopsy. The results stratify patients into groups of high risk and low risk of neoplastic progression. Such a system benefits BE patients in two ways: 1) by decreasing the frequency at which low risk individuals undergo surveillance endoscopy; and 2) by identifying the small group of high risk BE patients for more frequent surveillance and therapeutic intervention, resulting in earlier and more accurate detection of HGD and EAC. In order to determine current practices and clinician opinions regarding treatment of BE and impact of ENGAUGE™-GI-Barrett’s Esophagus in clinical practice, a survey study of practicing gastroenterologists was performed. Methods: A questionnaire regarding surveillance intervals, techniques and management approaches for patients with Barrett’s esophagus was electronically mailed to 415 randomly selected members of the American College of Gastroenterology. The survey included questions regarding demographics, BE management, test availability, usefulness and cost, as well as two hypothetical case studies. In the second round, only physicians in the intervention group were given educational materials about the test and hypothetical test results for each of the simulated patients. The outcome measures were the overall quality of care, disease assessment and treatment. Results: The response rate was 51% (211/415). Of the respondents, 78% were in a multi-GI practice and 52% were in metropolitan setting. 47% of the respondents have been in practice for >20 years and 52% see >150 BE patients in their practice annually. Also, 94% perform endoscopy and 77% perform radiofrequency ablation in their practices. The majority (72%) of respondents perform more frequent endoscopies than recommended in the Barrett’s Esophagus guidelines. In both case studies, the majority of respondents changed their surveillance and treatment recommendations following results of the ENGAUGE™-GI-Barrett’s Esophagus assay. Conclusion: ENGAUGE™-GI-Barrett’s Esophagus is a validated, objective tool used to assess the risk of progression of BE to EAC. Results from this survey show that there is wide variation in practice patterns with no clear standard approach. Nevertheless, 85% feel strongly the ENGAUGE™-GI-Barrett’s Esophagus test would optimize care of patients with Barrett’s esophagus by impacting their decision on surveillance intervals and use of radiofrequency ablation.
RNA Science and its Applications—a look toward the future (2012)

On November 3-4, 2011, the Symposium RNA Science and its Applications: A look toward the Future was held at the University at Albany-SUNY in the capital of New York State. Unique to this Symposium's format were panel discussions following each of the four platform sessions: RNA Technological Innovation: Analysis, Delivery, Nanotechnologies, IT; Infectious and other diseases: The future of small molecule intervention; RNA Discovery and Innovation: Cell and Molecular Biology; and Cancer and Neurological Disease: The future of small RNAs as therapeutics and tools of investigation. The meeting was organized by Thomas Begley, Marlene Belfort, Daniele Fabris, Melinda Larsen, Pan T.X. Li, Albert Millis, Li Niu, David Shub, and Carla Theimer of The RNA Institute at University at Albany-SUNY, Paul F. Agris, Director, and Jennifer S. Montimurro, Program Manager.
Characterization of cyclofructan‐based chiral stationary phases by linear free energy relationship (2011)

Abstract Cyclofructans (CFs), a new class of chiral selectors, have been recently introduced for application in liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. So far, derivatized CFs have performed interesting separation possibilities for a variety of compounds. The current work is focused on characterization of three different CF‐based chiral stationary phases (CF‐based CSPs), i.e. isopropyl carbamate cyclofructan 6 (IP‐CF6), R ‐naphthylethyl carbamate cyclofructan 6 (RN‐CF6) and dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (DMP‐CF7). The linear free energy relationship (LFER) model was used to reveal the dominant interactions participating in the complex retention mechanism. A set of 44 different test solutes, with known solvation parameters, was used to determine the regression coefficients of the LFER equation under two mobile‐phase compositions in normal separation mode. The LFER results showed that hydrogen bond acidity, hydrophobicity and dipolarity/polarizibility mostly affect the retention and separation process on the CF‐based columns in the studied separation systems.
Optimized process planning by generative simulated annealing (1997)

Abstract Manufacturing process planning is a difficult problem with a prohibitively large search space. It is normally tackled by decomposing goal objects into features, and then sequencing features to obtain a plan. This paper investigates an alternative approach. The capabilities of a manufacturing process are represented by a formal language of shape, in which sentences correspond to manufacturable objects. The language is interpreted to describe process plans corresponding to the shape generation, complete with cost estimates. A macro layer that describes single operations of the machine is implemented on top of the formal language. The space it describes is searched by the generative simulated annealing algorithm, a stochastic search technique based on simulated annealing. Plans that are close to the optimum are generated in reasonable time.
Interfacial Microstructure and Chemistry of SiC/BN Dual‐Coated Nicalon‐Fiber‐Reinforced Glass‐Ceramic Matrix Composites (1994)

Glass‐ceramic composites with improved high‐temperature mechanical properties have been produced by incorporating continuous SiC fibers into a barium magnesium aluminosilicate matrix. Control of the fiber/matrix interface was achieved by a dual‐layer coating of SiC/BN(C) applied to the fibers by CVD. The weakly bonded interface resulted in composites with high fracture toughness and strength up to 1100°C, and the composite system was oxidatively stable during long‐term exposure to air at high temperatures. Composites with different thermal and mechanical histories were studied, and interfaces were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Auger electron spectroscopy, and fiber pushout tests. Observations of interfacial microstructure were correlated with the mechanical properties of the composite and with interface properties determined from fiber push‐out tests.
Investigating protein patterns in human leukemia cell line experiments: A Bayesian approach for extremely small sample sizes (2019)

Human cancer cell line experiments are valuable for investigating drug sensitivity biomarkers. The number of biomarkers measured in these experiments is typically on the order of several thousand, whereas the number of samples is often limited to one or at most three replicates for each experimental condition. We have developed an innovative Bayesian approach that efficiently identifies clusters of proteins that exhibit similar patterns of expression. Motivated by the availability of ion mobility mass spectrometry data on cell line experiments in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, our methodology can identify proteins that follow biologically meaningful trends of expression. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate good performance of the proposed method even in the presence of relatively small effects and sample sizes.
Polling with a general service order table: gated service (2002)

Exact results are presented on the mean waiting time in a nonsymmetric polling system with general service order table and gated service. The results are obtained using a generalization of the work of Ferguson and Aminetzah (see IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol.COM-33, p.223-31 , 1985). Pseudocycle times are defined, the relationship between cycle times and pseudocycle times is expressed, and the generating functions for the waiting times and the number of messages at the stations and at the pseudostations are obtained as functions of pseudocycle times. Equations are derived for the case of zero first two moments of the switch-over time at every station. Using numerical examples, a previously published pseudoconservation law is verified. The numerical results quantify the significant reductions in the waiting time and the queue occupancy at a station (particularly at high server utilizations) by listing it more frequently in the polling table.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design and Fabrication of an SMA Actuated Bat (2012)

Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator wires provide a natural analog for biological muscles. Additionally, SMA wires are lightweight and have an extremely high energy density, making them desirable for aerospace applications. Therefore, it is natural to consider implementing SMA actuator wires in a flapping flight platform based on the biology of an animal, such as a bat. This work focuses on the design and fabrication of a bat with SMA-actuated elbow and shoulder joints configured to mimic the flapping pattern of a bat. The joints themselves are made from super-elastic SMA ribbons that can bend through large angles and constrain the rotation of each joint to a single degree of freedom. The design process involves careful consideration of the SMA wire placement and joint geometry such that the desired joint rotation is induced without exposing either the super-elastic joint material or actuator wires to excessive stresses. A simplified bending and force model is used to estimate the bending and stresses, and an optimization algorithm is employed to maximize bending without exceeding stress limits. Fabrication involves carefully attaching the small, 75 μm diameter, actuator wires such that they can be guided through the natural curves of the bat’s body, and their pre-strain can be tuned after assembly. The heating power input waveforms are shaped by a custom-built power control devise for multi-functional SMA wires such that the flapping motion mimics that of the natural flyer. The prototype has been tested to 100,000 cycles and installed in an exhibit at the Raleigh Museum of Natural Science as an example of how technology often finds inspiration from nature.
FPGA Implementation of an Asynchronous Processor with Both Online and Offline Testing Capabilities (2008)

Due to aggressive technology scaling VLSI circuits have become more susceptible to transient errors. The associated reduction in supply voltages has decreased noise margins, causing system reliability to be reduced increasingly at a time when electronic systems are being used in ldquosafety criticalrdquo applications. Clock distribution issues as well as the demands for low power circuits have exposed the limitations of the synchronous design paradigm. Asynchronous circuits appear to be an alternative, offering low power and low EMI. However the design complexity involved, the lack of CAD tools and the issues of testability have made this class of circuits unfavourable with digital designers. In this paper an asynchronous RISC based processor is introduced with both online and offline testing capabilities, thus offering a solution to the testability problem. The processor uses a Concurrent Error Detection (CED) scheme to identify transient errors. Detection of hard errors is done using an embedded asynchronous functional tester, where the asynchronous Device Under Test (DUT) is able to control the tester rather than being dictated by the clock in synchronous ATE. The processor and the equivalent test circuitry have been implemented on a Xilinx Virtex2 1000 FPGA.