gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocommutation à l'état solide dans les complexes de ruthénium à ligand nitrosyle. Vers la réalisation de matériaux composites photochromes (2009)

Les composés photochromes présentent l'avantage de pouvoir être intégrés dans des systèmes optiques de haute capacité pour le stockage de l'information. Les matériaux photochromes étudiés dans ce travail sont des complexes de ruthénium à ligand nitrosyle. L'irradiation de ces complexes génère des états métastables à longue durée de vie. Le changement de couleur qui en découle traduit un changement de coordination du ligand nitrosyle sur le métal.&#13;\nLes premiers travaux ont mis en évidence l'influence de certains éléments structuraux (contre-ion, ligands, contacts intermoléculaires) sur l'amplitude de la réponse photochrome. Une étude photocristallographique menée sur le complexe [RuCl(NO)py4](PF6)2.1/2H2O a mis en évidence, pour la première fois, sur ce type de complexe, une photocommutation totale à l'état solide. L'association de ce complexe de ruthénium avec des entités magnétiques isolées [MX4]2- et [M'(CN6)]3- (M= Ni, Mn, Cu, Co et M'= Fe, Cr) et des réseaux magnétiques du type [MCr(ox)3]- (M = Ni, Cu, Co ; Mn et Zn) et Mn2P2S6, a permis d'obtenir des matériaux magnétiques et photochromes possédant des propriétés marquées. La mise en forme des matériaux moléculaires est une nécessité pour leurs utilisations à grande échelle. L'une des réponses à cette exigence étudiée dans ce travail, est le conditionnement des complexes à ligand nitrosyle par inclusion dans différentes matrices. Cette méthode a permis d'obtenir de nouveaux matériaux composites photochromes dans lesquels les complexes sont dispersés sous forme de nanoparticules cristallines
Energy transfer on rotating shafts using pm-printed winding machine (2012)

The application of an energy transmission system to a rotating shaft by using a counter-weighted-free-wheeled-rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine is analyzed in this paper. This solution avoids slip rings and can generate a power amount which can be significantly higher if compared to other contact-less solutions. The guidelines for the design of such a machine are discussed by considering the maximization of the power transmission. To this purpose, an analytical model of the conversion system including generator, diode bridge rectifier and dc-dc converter is formulated. The results of a case study concerning the application of the system to a rotating shaft are presented and discussed.
Supplementary Table S1 from Multivalent Forms of the Notch Ligand DLL-1 Enhance Antitumor T-cell Immunity in Lung Cancer and Improve Efficacy of EGFR-Targeted Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primers used for qRT-PCR in the study.&lt;/p&gt;
Improving the quality of sub-1.5-nm-thick oxynitride gate dielectric for FETs with narrow channel and shallow-trench isolation using radical oxygen and nitrogen (2002)

We have demonstrated that oxynitridation using radical-oxygen (radical-O) and radical-nitrogen (radical-N) improves reverse narrow channel effects (RNCE) and reliability in sub-1.5-nm-thick gate-SiO/sub 2/ FETs with narrow channel and shallow-trench isolation (STI), suitable for high-density SRAM and logic devices. The STI formation followed by oxidation for the gate-dielectric causes various orientations of the Si surface, and thus, thermal oxidation forms the partial thin SiO/sub 2/ and causes RNCE and reliability degradation. Oxidation using radical-O forms uniform SiO/sub 2/ on Si[100] and Si[111] surfaces and suppresses RNCE in a sub-1.5 nm-thick gate-SiO/sub 2/ FET with STI. Nitrifying the SiO/sub 2/ using radical-N increases the physical thickness while maintaining the oxide equivalent thickness on both Si[111] and Si[100] surfaces, thus producing a low-leakage and highly reliable sub-1.5 nm-thick gate-SiON.
Palladium Intercalated into the Walls of Mesoporous Silica as Robust and Regenerable Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenolic Compounds (2018)

Nanostructured noble-metal catalysts traditionally suffer from sintering under high operating temperatures, leading to durability issues and process limitations. The encapsulation of nanostructured catalysts to prevent loss of activity through thermal sintering, while maintaining accessibility of active sites, remains a great challenge in the catalysis community. Here, we report a robust and regenerable palladium-based catalyst, wherein palladium particles are intercalated into the three-dimensional framework of SBA-15-type mesoporous silica. The encapsulated Pd active sites remain catalytically active as demonstrated in high-temperature/pressure phenol hydrodeoxygenation reactions. The confinement of Pd particles in the walls of SBA-15 prevents particle sintering at high temperatures. Moreover, a partially deactivated catalyst containing intercalated particles is regenerated almost completely even after several reaction cycles. In contrast, Pd particles, which are not encapsulated within the SBA-15 framework, sinter and do not recover prior activity after a regeneration procedure.
Robust Inertial Aided Beamforming for GNSS (2014)

In this work a GNSS receiver architecture is proposed&#13;\nthat is capable of providing high accurate and&#13;\nrobust positioning in harsh signal environments including&#13;\nshadowing of satellite signals and strong multipath.&#13;\nIn order to effectively cope with these challenges, it is&#13;\nproposed that the GNSS receiver system combines conventional&#13;\nGNSS signal processing with advanced array&#13;\nprocessing techniques, i.e. digital beamforming, direction&#13;\nfinding, and attitude determination. The proposed&#13;\napproach is tested by computer simulations and the results&#13;\nshow that high accuracy and sensitivity can be&#13;\nachieved even in harsh environments. In cases of strong&#13;\nmultipath or signal fading situations, we can show that&#13;\nthe tracking performance of our inertial aided antenna&#13;\narray is improved significantly. Regarding the carrierto-&#13;\nnoise ratio, we can demonstrate gains of up to 10 dB&#13;\nfor a multipath affected satellite.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Syntheses of (S)‐2‐ and 4‐Amino‐5‐hydroxypentanoic Acids. (1988)

Abstract γ‐Methyl (S)‐glutamate (I) is protected to give the tritylamino derivative (III) which is transformed into the aminohydroxypentanoic acids (V) and (IX) mentioned in the title.
Development and <i>In Vitro</i> Whole Blood Hemocompatibility Screening of Endothelium-Mimetic Multifunctional Coatings (2022)

Multifunctional antithrombotic surface modifications for blood-contacting medical devices have emerged as a solution for foreign surface-mediated coagulation disturbance. Herein, we have developed and evaluated an endothelium-inspired strategy to reduce the thrombogenicity of medical plastics by imparting nitric oxide (NO) elution and heparin immobilization on the material surface. This dual-action approach (NO+Hep) was applied to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blood incubation vials and compared to isolated modifications. Vials were characterized to evaluate NO surface flux as well as heparin density and activity. Hemocompatibility was assessed <i>in vitro</i> using whole blood from human donors. Compared to unmodified surfaces, blood incubated in the NO+Hep vials exhibited reduced platelet aggregation (15% decrease AUC, <i>p</i> = 0.040) and prolonged plasma clotting times (aPTT = 147% increase, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, prothrombin time = 5% increase, <i>p</i> = 0.0002). Prolongation of thromboelastography reaction time and elevated antifactor Xa levels in blood from NO+Hep versus PET vials suggests some heparin leaching from the vial surface, confirmed by post-blood incubation heparin density assessment. Results suggest NO+Hep surface modification is a promising approach for blood-contacting plastics; however, careful tuning of NO flux and heparin stabilization are essential and require assessment using human blood as performed here.
U shape prestressed concrete decks for LRT / MRT viaducts (2004)

Conference paper written by Daniel Dutoit, Serge Montens, Jean-Christophe Chuniaud and Philippe Arnaud presented at IABSE Symposium: Metropolitan Habitats and Infrastructure, Shanghai, China, 22-24 September 2004.
Management of maxillary impacted canines: A prospective study of practitioners’ preferences (Preprint) (2020)

<sec> <title>UNSTRUCTURED</title> Objective: To investigate orthodontists’ approach concerning managing maxillary impacted canines (MIC). Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising a comprehensive survey with 22 questions was sent to practicing orthodontists. This study explored the preferred diagnostic measures, surgical techniques, materials, and mechanics utilized to manage MIC;104 responses were returned. Results: Palatal impaction was reported to be encountered more often by 60% of the respondents. In 62% of the respondents, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon was the specialist preferred to perform the surgical exposure. In 66%, the choice of required surgical techniques was reported as a joint decision between orthodontists and other specialists who perform the surgery. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was reported to be the diagnostic X-ray of choice. The gold button with a chain was the preferred bonded attachment in 86% of cases. Less than half of the respondents bonded the attachments themselves during surgical exposure. A clear plastic retainer was the preferred retainer in 61% of the respondents, and 43% of the respondents tended to use a closed exposure technique. Coe-pakTM was the preferred surgical pack for orthodontists who prefer an open exposure technique. Piggyback (double wire) was the preferable mechanic to move a palatally impacted canine. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there are variations among orthodontists on how to manage MICs concerning diagnostic methods, surgical management, materials, and mechanics. </sec>
Activity of Chimeric U Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)/mRNA Genes in Transfected Protoplasts of <i>Nicotiana plumbaginifolia</i> : U snRNA 3'-End Formation and Transcription Initiation Can Occur Independently in Plants (1993)

Formation of the 3' ends of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-specific U small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs) in vertebrate cells is dependent upon transcription initiation from the U snRNA gene promoter. Moreover, U snRNA promoters are unable to direct the synthesis of functional polyadenylated mRNAs. In this work, we have investigated whether U snRNA 3'-end formation and transcription initiation are also coupled in plants. We have first characterized the requirements for 3'-end formation of an Arabidopsis U2 snRNA expressed in transfected protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. We found that the 3'-end-adjacent sequence CA (N)3-10AGTNNAA, conserved in plant Pol II-specific U snRNA genes, is essential for the 3'-end formation of U2 transcripts and, similar to the vertebrate 3' box, is highly tolerant to mutation. The 3'-flanking regions of an Arabidopsis U5 and a maize U2 snRNA gene can effectively substitute for the Arabidopsis U2 3'-end formation signal, indicating that these signals are functionally equivalent among different Pol II-transcribed snRNA genes. The plant U snRNA 3'-end formation signal can be recognized irrespective of whether transcription initiation occurs at U snRNA or mRNA gene promoters, although efficiency of 3' box utilization is higher when transcription initiation occurs at the U snRNA promoter. Moreover, transcripts initiated from the U2 gene promoter can be spliced and polyadenylated. Transcription from a Pol III-specific plant U snRNA gene promoter is not compatible with polyadenylation. Finally, we reveal that initiation at a Pol II-specific plant U snRNA gene promoter can occur in the absence of the snRNA coding region and a functional snRNA 3'-end formation signal, demonstrating that these sequences play no role in determining the RNA polymerase specificity of plant U snRNA genes.
Identification of IL-17-producing FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in humans (89.1) (2009)

Abstract IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17) have recently been defined as a unique subset of pro-inflammatory helper cells whose development depends on signaling initiated by IL-6 and TGF-β, autocrine activity of IL-21, activation of STAT3, and induction of the orphan nuclear receptor RORγt. The maintenance, expansion and further differentiation of the committed Th17 cells depends on IL-1β and IL-23. IL-17 was originally found produced by human CD45RO+ memory T cells. We report that human peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue contain a significant number of CD4+FOXP3+ T cells that express CCR6 and produce IL-17 upon activation. These cells co-express FOXP3 and RORγt transcription factors and strongly inhibit the proliferation of CD4+ responder T cells. CD4+CD25high-derived T cell clones express FOXP3, RORγt and IL-17, and maintain their suppressive function. We further show that human CD4+FOXP3+CCR6- Treg cells differentiate into IL-17 producer cells upon TCR stimulation in the presence of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-21, IL-23 and human serum. This, together with the finding that human thymus does not contain IL-17-producing Treg cells, suggests that the IL-17+FOXP3+ Treg cells are generated in the periphery. IL-17-producing Treg cells may play critical roles in anti-microbial defense while controlling autoimmunity and inflammation. This work was supported by KECK Foundation 01, PP-4 and National Institute of Health Grant AI091130 (to Y.-J.L.)
Detection and Utilization of Small Molecule Tailoring Groups for Metabolic Engineering (2017)

The thesis presented here focuses on the discovery and applications of tailoring enzymes for metabolic engineering goals along two tracks of research. The first track is focused on enzyme discovery and presents a powerful assay called the DNA-Linked Enzyme Coupled Assay (DLEnCA). This assay is readily accessible through common molecular biology techniques, and has the potential be scaled to the level of next generation sequencing and microfluidics. The goal is that DLEnCA will enable any research laboratory to populate enzyme databases (e.g., BRENDA) or have access to a platform for the evolution of novel enzymes and pathways. These capabilities would enable the rapid application of protein engineering for biocatalysts in the tailoring space.The second track of research presented here is based on the in vivo application of tailoring enzymes for goals in metabolic engineering. On one level, this is focused on attempting to leverage tailoring enzymes’ role in metabolite detoxification for replacing antibiotics in industrial settings; on the other level, bioproducing valuable glucose-conjugates directly from yeast metabolism. This later focus is centered around the biosynthesis of the high value natural pigment betanin, which is found in select group of plants and utilized as a commercial food dye. Ultimately, the research conducted here seeks to provide tools and lessons that adds to the body of knowledge around the biochemistry and engineering of modified secondary metabolites.
Caracterización de catalizadores 0,8% Pd/TiO2 sol-gel usados en reacciones de hidrodecloración catalítica en fase líquida (2010)

Se caracterizo por una amplia gama de tecnicas fisicoquimicas muestras seleccionadas del catalizador 0.8% Pd/TiO 2 sol-gel fresco y usado en reacciones de hidrodecloracion catalitica de tetracloroetileno en fase liquida con hidrogeno puro en presencia de NaOH bajo condiciones de reaccion moderadas. El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer las propiedades fisicoquimicas del catalizador que le permitieron tener un alto desempeno catalitico e identificar los efectos producidos por las condiciones de la reaccion sobre dichas propiedades. Los resultados indican que el metodo de sintesis y de pretratamiento utilizados para preparar el catalizador, permitieron obtener un material mesoporoso, con un area superficial relativamente alta, debilmente hidroxilado con acidez tipo Lewis, con una fase activa moderadamente dispersa y con especies de Pd 0 y Pd 2 + en la superficie. No obstante, las caracterizaciones realizadas al catalizador usado revelan ciertos cambios como: disminucion en el area especifica, aumento de la acidez superficial, presencia de algunos compuestos organicos, disminucion de la dispersion y con ello el aumento en el tamano de las particulas de paladio. Sin embargo, algunas caracteristicas como la estructura cristalina del soporte, el contenido metalico, la forma de las particulas de paladio y sus estados de oxidacion permanecieron casi constantes.

Selected samples of fresh and used 0.8% Pd/TiO 2 sol-gel catalyst were characterized by a wide range of physicochemical techniques. This catalyst was used in reactions of hydrodechlorination of tetrachloroethylene in the liquid phase, with pure hydrogen, in the presence of NaOH, under mild conditions. The purpose was to study the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst which enabled a high catalytic activity and identify the effects of the reaction conditions on these properties. The results indicate that the method of synthesis and pre-treatment used to prepare the catalyst helped to obtain a mesoporous material, with a relatively high surface area, weakly hydroxylated with type Lewis acidity and with Pd 0 and Pd 2 + superficial species. However, the characterizations of the used catalyst showed some changes, such as: decrease in surface area, increase in surface acidity, the presence of some organic compounds, decrease in dispersion and, thereby, increase in the size of palladium particles. However, some features like the crystalline structure of the support, the metal charge, the shape of palladium particles and their oxidation states remained almost constant.
Hydrosulfurierung-Thionierung ungesättigter Amide (1978)

N-Aryl-β-mercaptothioamide (2) entstehen durch eine unerwartete Reaktion der ungesättigten Amide (1) mit P4S10/NaHCO3. Unter diesen Bedingungen werden Carbonylverbindungen bekanntlich in Thiocarbonylverbindungen umgewandelt.
Marvelous MEMs (2006)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are a foundation for a broad range of mechanical, chemical, optical, and biotech products (sensors, microstructures and actuators) fabricated as integrated circuits on (primarily) silicon wafers in a batch mode. Commercial MEMS products include pressure sensors, acceleration sensors, gyros, ink-jet nozzles, read-write head positioners in hard drives, and digital light processors (DLPs) in projectors and television sets. The first four decades of MEMS development created a US$8 billion market. During the next decade, the MEMS market is estimated to increase by US$32 billion. Based on the presented overview of emerging MEMS sensors and microstructures, such a magnitude of growth is definitely possible.
Microscopic charge carrier dynamics within non-normal incidence VECSEL cavities (2021)

Mode-locked vertical external-cavity surface emitting lasers are promising compact sources for high-power, ultrafast pulses with excellent beam quality and the flexibility offered by an external cavity. Typical models of these lasers use macroscopic or quasistatic approaches based on rate or delay differential equations. Although these approaches have shown widespread success, they often require numerous experimentally tuned parameters and cannot capture the ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics present as the field interacts with the quantum well. The Maxwell Semiconductor Bloch Equations has reduced parametrization and captures the carrier dynamics by coupling together a numerical wave propagator to a first principles of quantum mechanical description of the induced microscopic polarization within the active semiconductor quantum well. We expand on this model utilizing a reference frame transform to model modelocking within VECSEL cavities with non-normally incident semiconductor heterostructures. Specifically, we demonstrate the effect of increased pumping on the fundamental and harmonic modelocking behaviors of V-cavity VECSELs as well as transverse kinetic hole burning during colliding pulse operation as seen in modelocked ring cavities.
Multiple Effects Induced by Mo<sup>6+</sup> Doping in BiVO<sub>4</sub> Photoanodes (2022)

Mo 6+ doping increases the photoelectrochemical performance of BiVO 4 photoanodes in water oxidation. Herein, the underlying mechanisms is elucidated through a systematic structural, morphological, and photoelectrochemical investigation on photoelectrodes of pure and Mo 6+ doped BiVO 4 prepared by a novel multistep spin‐coating deposition approach, leading to multilayer flat films with high optical transparency. Transient absorption spectroscopy in the nano‐ to microsecond time scale reveals a longer lifetime of photogenerated holes in the doped films. Besides confirming that Mo 6+ ions improve the electron transport in the material bulk, impedance spectroscopy also reveals the crucial role of the dopant on the surface properties of BiVO 4 photoanodes. The presence of intra‐bandgap states, acting as traps of photogenerated charge carriers in pure BiVO 4 , is detected through the build‐up of the interfacial surface state capacitance. The limited activity of pure BiVO 4 in water oxidation is largely improved upon 3 at% Mo 6+ incorporation, ensuring a more efficient charge carrier transport with respect to pure BiVO 4 , together with the beneficial passivation of its trap surface states.
Visualizing the Higher Order Folding of a Catalytic RNA Molecule (1991)

The higher order folding process of the catalytic RNA derived from the self-splicing intron of Tetrahymena thermophila was monitored with the use of Fe(II)-EDTA-induced free radical chemistry. The overall tertiary structure of the RNA molecule forms cooperatively with the uptake of at least three magnesium ions. Local folding transitions display different metal ion dependencies, suggesting that the RNA tertiary structure assembles through a specific folding intermediate before the catalytic core is formed. Enzymatic activity, assayed with an RNA substrate that is complementary to the catalytic RNA active site, coincides with the cooperative structural transition. The higher order RNA foldings produced by Mg(II), Ca(II), and Sr(II) are similar; however, only the Mg(II)-stabilized RNA is catalytically active. Thus, these results directly demonstrate that divalent metal ions participate in general folding of the ribozyme tertiary structure, and further indicate a more specific involvement of Mg(II) in catalysis.
A Randomized Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme for the All-Terminal Network Reliability Problem (2001)

The classic all-terminal network reliability problem posits a graph, each of whose edges fails independently with some given probability. The goal is to determine the probability that the network becomes disconnected due to edge failures. This problem has obvious applications in the design of communication networks. Since the problem is ${\sharp {\cal P}}$-complete and thus believed hard to solve exactly, a great deal of research has been devoted to estimating the failure probability. In this paper, we give a fully polynomial randomized approximation scheme that, given any n-vertex graph with specified failure probabilities, computes in time polynomial in n and $1/\epsilon$ an estimate for the failure probability that is accurate to within a relative error of $1\pm\epsilon$ with high probability. We also give a deterministic polynomial approximation scheme for the case of small failure probabilities. Some extensions to evaluating probabilities of k-connectivity, strong connectivity in directed Eulerian graphs and r-way disconnection, and to evaluating the Tutte polynomial are also described. This version of the paper corrects several errata that appeared in the previous journal publication [D. R. Karger, SIAM J. Comput., 29 (1999), pp. 492--514].