gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 377: SMYD2-dependent PARP1 methylation promotes Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity in cancer cells (2014)

Abstract Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of protein acceptors using NAD+ as the substrate is now considered as an important target for development of anticancer therapy. PARP1 is known to be posttranslationally modified in various ways including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, but the physiological role of PARP1 methylation is not well understood. Here we demonstrated that the histone methyltransferase SMYD2 (SET and MYND domain containing 2), which plays critical roles in human carcinogenesis, mono-methylated PARP1. We found lysine 528 to be a target of SMYD2-dependent PARP1 methylationa and that an N-Terminal DNA binding domain of PARP1 interact with an N-terminal domain of SMYD2. Importantly, methylated PARP1 revealed enhanced poly(ADP-ribose) formation after oxidative stress, and positively regulated the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity of PARP1. Hence, our study unveils a novel mechanism of PARP1 in human cancer through its methylation by SMYD2. Citation Format: Lianhua Piao, Yusuke Nakamura, Ryuji Hamamoto. SMYD2-dependent PARP1 methylation promotes Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity in cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 377. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-377
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated choline dehydrogenase gene(betA) transfer to wheat and factors impacting on transformation (2004)

Immature embryos and embryogenic calli of wheat( Triticum aestivian L.) cultivars Jinanl77, 99P and Hesheng 3 were infected by three types of Agrobacterium LBA4404/pCDH, Agll/pUNN2 and AglO without plasmid. Transgenic plants regenerated only from embryogenic calli. PCR and PCR-Southern hybridization confirmed that transgenic plants contained foreign genes. Chromosomes of embryogenic calli infected were analysis. The elimination and breakage were more severe in the calli infected by LBA4404 than by AglO or control without infected.The factors impacted on transformation efficiency were also researched, including Agrobacterium types, wheat genotypes,explant types and period of selection etc.
2647. Influenza Treatment Rates in UK Primary Care Settings: Real-World Data Analysis of the CPRD, 2003–2018 (2019)

Abstract Background Influenza remains a significant public health burden, resulting in serious morbidity and mortality globally. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends treatment with antivirals for a broad range of high-risk influenza cases; however, anecdotal reports suggest treatment rates in the United Kingdom remain low. Real-world evidence on influenza treatment patterns in this region is limited. We therefore sought to investigate the proportion of influenza cases presenting to UK primary care facilities that receive antiviral treatment. Methods Data were obtained from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), a database of medical records from 674 primary care facilities in the UK. Cases were eligible for study inclusion if a diagnosis code for influenza or influenza-like illness (ILI) occurred between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2018, and the medical record had sufficient data quality. Treatment was defined as prescription of an antiviral (oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, or amantadine) within ±10 days of diagnosis. We examined (1) treatment rates, overall and by study year to understand time trends, (2) distribution of antiviral types prescribed, and (3) patient characteristics across treatment status. Results Of the 116,923 cases of influenza that met study inclusion criteria, 10,923 (9.3%) were treated with an antiviral. Treatment rates varied by study year, ranging from &lt;1.0% in 2004 to 24.0% in 2009. The most recent study year (2018) had a treatment rate of 11.2%. Oseltamivir was the most frequent antiviral prescribed, followed by zanamivir. Treated cases of influenza were younger and more likely to be female compared with untreated cases. Conclusion We evaluated real-world estimates of influenza treatment rates over a 16-year period in UK primary care settings, where anecdotal reports suggested low treatment rates. Consistent with these reports, we observed low treatment rates, likely due in part to inclusion criteria and clinical guidelines specifying treatment only for high-risk cases. Subsequent analyses will investigate treatment patterns and patient characteristics in high-risk vs. low-risk cases to provide additional context for observed treatment rates. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Annular Frictional Pressure Losses During Drilling: The Effect of Drillstring Rotation (2013)

Controlling the annular frictional pressure losses is important in order to drill safely with overpressure without fracturing the formation. To predict these pressure losses, however, is not straightforward. First of all, the pressure losses depend on the annulus eccentricity. Moving the drillstring to the wall generates a wider flow channel in part of the annulus reducing the frictional pressure losses significantly. The drillstring motion itself also affects the pressure loss significantly. The drillstring rotation, even for fairly small rotation rates, creates unstable flow and sometimes turbulence in the annulus even without axial flow. Transversal motion of the drillstring creates vortices that de-stabilize the flow. Consequently, the annular frictional pressure loss is increased even though the drilling fluid becomes thinner because of added shear rate. Naturally, the rheological properties of the drilling fluid play an important role. These rheological properties include more properties than the viscosity as measured by API procedures. It is impossible to use the same frictional pressure loss model for water based and oil based drilling fluids even if their viscosity profile is equal because of the different ways these fluids build viscosity. Water based drilling fluids are normally constructed as a polymer solution while the oil based are combinations of emulsions and dispersions. Furthermore, within both water based and oil based drilling fluids there are functional differences. These differences may be sufficiently large to require different models for two water based drilling fluids built with different types of polymers. In addition to these phenomena washouts and tool joints will create localised pressure losses. These localised pressure losses will again be coupled with the rheological properties of the drilling fluids. In the paper, all the above mentioned different phenomena and their consequences for annular pressure losses will be discussed in detail. Application of Det norske field data will be used as an example. The data cannot be used to build general models. The arguments for this model restriction are based on flow stability analysis and the consequences of using drilling fluids with different rheological properties. These different rheological properties include shear dependent viscosity, elongational viscosity and other viscoelastic properties.
The endoplasmic reticulum–resident collagen chaperone Hsp47 interacts with and promotes the secretion of decorin, fibromodulin, and lumican (2018)

The build-up of diversified and tissue-specific assemblies of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins depends on secreted and cell surface-located molecular arrays that coordinate ECM proteins into discrete designs. The family of small leucine-rich proteins (SLRPs) associates with and dictates the structure of fibrillar collagens, which form the backbone of most ECM types. However, whether SLRPs form complexes with proteins other than collagens is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47), a well-established endoplasmic reticulum-resident collagen chaperone, also binds the SLRPs decorin, lumican, and fibromodulin with affinities comparable with that in the Hsp47-type I collagen interaction. Furthermore, we show that a lack of Hsp47 inhibits the cellular secretion of decorin and lumican. Our results expand the understanding of the concerted molecular interactions that control the secretion and organization of a functional collagenous ECM.
A comparison of X‐ray and NMR structures for human endothelin‐1 (1995)

Direct comparisons between the recently solved X-ray and NMR structures of human endothelin-1 with respect to secondary structure, RMS deviations, surface accessibilities, and side-chain conformers indicate important differences in conformation, especially in the C-terminus, but also in the central loop region, that are important for defining the specificity of binding. These differences are larger than seen for other X-ray and NMR structures that have been compared. Comparisons between the X-ray structure and the NMR NOE constraints highlight the regions of flexibility and environment-induced diversity in the endothelin structures.
Mechanism of concanavalin A-induced anchorage of the major cell surface glycoproteins to the submembrane cytoskeleton in 13762 ascites mammary adenocarcinoma cells. (1984)

Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced anchorage of the major cell surface sialoglycoprotein component complex (ASGP-1/ASGP-2) was studied in 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma sublines with mobile (MAT-B1 subline) and immobile (MAT-C1 subline) cell surface Con A receptors. Treatment of cells, isolated microvilli, or microvillar membranes with Con A resulted in marked retention of ASGP-1 and ASGP-2, a Con A-binding protein, in cytoskeletal residues of both sublines obtained by extraction with Triton X-100 in PBS. When Con A-treated microvillar membranes were extracted with a buffer containing Triton X-100, the sialoglycoprotein complex was found associated in the residues with a transmembrane complex composed of actin, a 58,000-dalton polypeptide, and a cytoskeleton-associated glycoprotein (CAG), also a Con A-binding protein, in MAT-C1 membranes, and of actin and CAG in MAT-B1 membranes. Untreated membrane Triton residues retained very little ASGP-1/ASGP-2 complex. Association of the sialoglycomembrane complex and the transmembrane complex was also demonstrated in Con A-treated, but not untreated, microvilli by their comigration on CsCl gradients. Association of both complexes with the cytoskeleton of microvilli was shown by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. A fraction of the polymerized actin comigrated with the transmembrane complex alone in the absence of Con A and with both the transmembrane complex and the sialoglycoprotein complex in the presence of Con A. From these results we propose that anchorage of the sialoglycoprotein complex to the cytoskeleton on Con A treatment occurs by cross-linking ASGP-2, the major cell surface Con A-binding component, to CAG of the transmembrane complex, which is natively linked to the cytoskeleton via its actin component. Since Con A-induced anchorage occurs in sublines with mobile and immobile receptors, the anchorage process cannot be responsible for the differences in receptor mobility between the sublines.
Novel Immunofluorescence Assay Using Recombinant Nucleocapsid-Spike Fusion Protein as Antigen To Detect Antibodies against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2005)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a novel and highly infectious virus named SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Among the serological tests currently available for the detection of SARS-CoV, a whole-virus-based immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was considered one of the most sensitive assays and served as a "gold standard" during the SARS epidemic in Singapore in 2003. However, the need to manipulate live SARS-CoV in the traditional IFA limits its wide application due to the requirement for a biosafety level 3 laboratory and the risk of laboratory infection. Previously, we have identified two immunodominant epitopes, named N195 and Sc, in the two major structural proteins, the N and S proteins, of SARS-CoV (Q. He, K. H. Chong, H. H. Chng, B. Leung, A. E. Ling, T. Wei, S. W. Chan, E. E. Ooi, and J. Kwang, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 11:417-422, 2004; L. Lu, I. Manopo, B. P. Leung, H. H. Chng, A. E. Ling, L. L. Chee, E. E. Ooi, S. W. Chan, and J. Kwang, J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:1570-1576, 2004). In the present study, the N195-Sc fusion protein was highly expressed in insect (Sf9) cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus bearing the hybrid gene under the control of a polyhedrin promoter. An IFA based on Sf9 cells producing the fusion protein was standardized with 23 serum samples from patients with SARS, 20 serum samples from patients with autoimmune diseases, and 43 serum samples from healthy blood donors. The detection rates were comparable to those obtained with a commercial SARS-CoV IFA kit (EUROIMMUN, Gross Groenau, Germany) and a conventional IFA performed at the Singapore General Hospital. Our data showed that the newly developed IFA could detect SARS-CoV in 22 of the 23 SARS-CoV-positive serum samples and gave no false-positive results when the sera from patients with autoimmune diseases and healthy individuals were tested. The detection rate was identical to those of the two whole-virus-based IFAs. Thus, the novel N-S fusion antigen-based IFA could be an attractive alternative to present whole-virus-based IFAs for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV infection.
Voice to Vision II: Flight (2004)

University of Minnesota Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. University of Minnesota Department of Art.
ChemInform Abstract: Korupensamines A‐D, Novel Antimalarial Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus korupensis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Probing Enzymatic Activity Inside Single Cells (2013)

We report a novel approach for determining the enzymatic activity within a single suspended cell. Using a steady-state microfluidic delivery device and timed exposure to the pore-forming agent digitonin, we controlled the plasma membrane permeation of individual NG108-15 cells. Mildly permeabilized cells (~100 pores) were exposed to a series of concentrations of fluorescein diphosphate (FDP), a fluorogenic alkaline phosphatase substrate, with and without levamisole, an alkaline phosphatase inhibitor. We generated quantitative estimates for intracellular enzyme activity and were able to construct both dose-response and dose-inhibition curves at the single-cell level, resulting in an apparent Michaelis contant Km of 15.3 μM ± 1.02 (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), n = 16) and an inhibition constant Ki of 0.59 mM ± 0.07 (mean ± SEM, n = 14). Enzymatic activity could be monitored just 40 s after permeabilization, and five point dose-inhibition curves could be obtained within 150 s. This rapid approach offers a new methodology for characterizing enzyme activity within single cells.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Recalcitrant Pollutants of Greywater (2022)

These days, many countries have a water shortage and have limited access to clean water. To overcome this, a new treatment is emerging, namely, the photocatalytic processing of greywater. Photocatalytic processes to remove the organic matter from different greywater sources are critically reviewed. Their efficiency in degrading the organic matter in greywater is scrutinized along with factors that can affect the activity of photocatalysts. Modified TiO2, ZnO and TiO2 catalysts show great potential in degrading organic materials that are present in greywater. There are several methods that can be used to modify TiO2 by using sol-gel, microwave and ultrasonication. Overall, the photocatalytic approach alone is not efficient in mineralizing the organic compounds, but it works well when the photocatalysis is combined with oxidants and Fe3+. However, factors such as pH, concentration and catalyst-loading of organic compounds can significantly affect photocatalytic efficiency.
&lt;title&gt;Synthesis of novel fluorescent compounds&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

Fluorescent compounds based on the benzothiazole ring system 1 are prepared. The effect of substituted benzothiazole derivatives on absorption maxima is investigated. Absorption and emission (lambda) <SUB>max</SUB> of all compounds are recorded. The structures are characterized by NMR. These fluorescent compounds will be used as precipitable fluorophores in the development of a prototype sensor for the monitoring and analysis of antibody/antigen reactions using an optical technique.
Stress and interface morphology contributions in the crystallization kinetics of a Ge<i>x</i>Si1−<i>x</i> thin layer on (100) Si (1996)

A study of the solid phase epitaxial growth from amorphous phase of a strained GexSi1−x thin layer made by 74Ge+ ion implantation of (100) Si is presented. Ge peak concentration is 6.4 at. %. Principally employed techniques are time-resolved reflectivity for crystallization rate measurements and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for interface morphology imaging. The kinetics is heavily affected by the mismatch stress induced by the Ge; the experimental data cannot however be explained considering only the average stress along the amorphous-crystal interface and another mechanism is required. Cross sectional TEM observations of partially crystallized samples reveal the tendency of the interface to roughen with an evolution reflected in the crystallization activation energy. Such roughness is assumed to affect the kinetics by locally enhancing the interface stress.
A Cesium Rare‐Earth Silicate Cs<sub>3</sub>RESi<sub>6</sub>O<sub>15</sub> (RE=Dy–Lu, Y, In): The Parent of an Unusual Structural Class Featuring a Remarkable 57 Å Unit Cell Axis (2017)

The structure of Cs<sub>3</sub> RESi<sub>6</sub> O<sub>15</sub> , where RE=Dy-Lu, Y, In, is unusual in that it contains octahedrally coordinated rare-earth ions; their relative orientation dictates the structure, as they rotate about the c-axis supported by the cyclic Si<sub>6</sub> O<sub>15</sub> framework. The repeat unit of the rotation is eight units generating a very long (ca. 57 Å) unit cell axis. This unusual repeat unit is created by the structural flexibility of the hexasilicate ring, which is in turn affected by the size of the rare earth ion as well as the size of alkali ion residing within the silicate layers. Previous work showed for the smaller Sc<sup>3+</sup> ion, the rotation of the octahedra is not sufficient to achieve closure at an integral repeat unit and an incommensurate structure results. The products are prepared as large, high quality single crystals using a high-temperature (650 °C) hydrothermal method with CsOH and F<sup>-</sup> mineralizers. The presence of fluoride is essential to the formation of the product.
Synthesis of Hydrocinnamaldehyde via Vapor Phase Dehydrogenation of Hydrocinnamyl alcohol over Rice‐Derived MgO‐Supported Copper Catalysts (2018)

Abstract Green synthetic method for the production of hydrocinnamaldehyde via vapour phase dehydrogenation of hydrocinnnamyl alcohol over high surface area MgO (HSA‐MgO) supported Cu catalyst at atmospheric pressure without using any additives has been attempted. Cu/HSA‐MgO catalysts have been prepared by thermal decomposition of cooked rice grains mixed with magnesium acetate followed by wet impregnation by Cu. The prepared catalysts have been characterized by various physiochemical characterization techniques such as TGA, XRD, BET surface area, TPD of CO 2 , H 2 ‐TPR, TEM, SEM, EDX and N 2 O pulse chemisorption. Among all the catalysts, 10%Cu/HSA‐MgO catalyst is found to be the best catalyst with 78% conversion of hydrocinnnamyl alcohol and 96% selectivity of hydrocinnamaldehyde. N 2 O pulse chemisorption and TPR analysis results divulge the high dispersion of smaller copper particles on the surface of HSA‐MgO support which is considered to be responsible for its superior catalytic activity.
Is the Habitation of Acidic-Water Sanctuaries by Galaxiid Fish Facilitated by Natural Organic Matter Modification of Sodium Metabolism? (2012)

Acidic waters of New Zealand's West Coast are hypothesized to be a refuge for native galaxiid fish, allowing them to escape predation from acid-sensitive invasive salmonid species. To determine the mechanisms by which galaxiids tolerate low pH, we investigated sodium metabolism in inanga Galaxias maculatus in response to water pH, short-term acclimation to acidic waters, the presence and source of natural organic matter (NOM), and fish life history. Contrary to expectation, inanga were physiologically sensitive to acid exposure, displaying inhibited sodium influx and exacerbated sodium efflux. Short-term (144 h) acclimation to acid did not modify this effect, and NOM did not exert a protective effect on sodium metabolism at low pH. Inanga sourced from naturally acidic West Coast waters did, however, display a sodium influx capacity (J(max)) that was significantly elevated when compared with that of fish collected from neutral waters. All inanga, independent of source, exhibited exceptionally high sodium uptake affinities (18-40 μM) relative to previously studied freshwater teleosts. Although inanga displayed relatively poor physiological tolerance to acidic waters, their high sodium influx affinity coupled with their occupation of near-coastal waters with elevated sodium levels may permit habitation of low-pH freshwaters.
Activation of rabbit platelets by Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> release in an external Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐dependent manner by zooxanthellatoxin‐A, a novel polyol (1995)

1. Zooxanthellatoxin-A (ZT-A), a novel polyhydroxylated long chain compound, isolated from a symbiotic marine alga Simbiodinium sp., caused aggregation in rabbit washed platelets in a concentration-dependent manner (1-4 microM), accompanied by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). 2. ZT-A did not cause platelet aggregation or increase [Ca2+]i in a Ca(2+)-free solution, and Cd2+ (0.1-1 mM), Co2+ (1-10 mM) and Mn2+ (1-10 mM) inhibited ZT-A-induced aggregation. SK&F96365 (1-100 microM), a receptor operated Ca2+ channel antagonist, and mefenamic acid (0.1-10 microM), a non-specific divalent cation channel antagonist, inhibited platelet aggregation and the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ZT-A. 3. Indomethacin (0.1-10 microM), a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, and SQ-29548 (0.1-10 microM), a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist, inhibited platelet aggregation and the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ZT-A. 4. Methysergide (0.01-1 microM), a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, inhibited ZT-A-induced platelet aggregation but did not affect the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ZT-A. 5. Tetrodotoxin (1 microM), a Na+ channel blocker and chlorpheniramine (1 microM), a H1-histamine receptor antagonist, neither affected ZT-A-induced platelet aggregation nor the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ZT-A. 6. Genistein (1-100 microM), a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and staurosporine (0.01-1 microM), a protein kinase C inhibitor, also inhibited ZT-A-induced platelet aggregation. 7. The present results suggest that ZT-A elicits Ca(2+)-influx from platelet plasma membranes. The resulting increase in [Ca2+]i subsequently stimulates the secondary release of TXA2 from platelets. Furthermore, the response to ZT-A may be associated with tyrosine phosphorylation.