gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changing livelihood pattern of slum dwellers in Delhi: From a squatter settlement to a resettlement colony (2008)

The movement of inhabitants from a squatter settlement to a resettlement colony can be perceived as a rise in the status of slum dwellers. The slum dwellers of the resettlement colonies now have better housing with security of tenancy. Also, they earn more than before, both in relative and absolute terms. But relatively better income and better housing have failed to bring about substantial change in living standards. The author examines the issues of a resettlement colony of Delhi in the local and global context. While the continuous pressure of population on infrastructures has deteriorated the physical and environmental conditions of the resettlement colony, the casualisation of employment in the informal sector has led to marginalisation of the poor residing in the resettlement colony.
Data from Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Pathway Alterations Are Associated with Histologic Subtypes and Are Predictive of Sensitivity to PI3K Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Preclinical Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Class 1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a major role in cell proliferation and survival in a wide variety of human cancers. Here, we investigated biomarker strategies for PI3K pathway inhibitors in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Molecular profiling for candidate PI3K predictive biomarkers was conducted on a collection of NSCLC tumor samples. Assays included comparative genomic hybridization, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction gene expression, mutation detection for PIK3CA and other oncogenes, PTEN immunohistochemistry, and FISH for PIK3CA copy number. In addition, a panel of NSCLC cell lines characterized for alterations in the PI3K pathway was screened with PI3K and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors to assess the preclinical predictive value of candidate biomarkers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; PIK3CA amplification was detected in 37% of squamous tumors and 5% of adenocarcinomas, whereas PIK3CA mutations were found in 9% of squamous and 0% of adenocarcinomas. Total loss of PTEN immunostaining was found in 21% of squamous tumors and 4% of adenocarcinomas. Cell lines harboring pathway alterations (receptor tyrosine kinase activation, PI3K mutation or amplification, and PTEN loss) were exquisitely sensitive to the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor had broader activity across the cell line panel and in tumor xenografts. The combination of GDC-0941 with paclitaxel, erlotinib, or a mitogen-activated protein–extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor had greater effects on cell viability than PI3K inhibition alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Candidate biomarkers for PI3K inhibitors have predictive value in preclinical models and show histology-specific alterations in primary tumors, suggesting that distinct biomarker strategies may be required in squamous compared with nonsquamous NSCLC patient populations. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(24); 6771–83. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A 0.14-${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$ 1.4-mW 59.4-dB-SFDR 2.4-GHz ZigBee/WPAN Receiver Exploiting a “Split-LNTA + 50% LO” Topology in 65-nm CMOS (2014)

A compact low-power 2.4-GHz ZigBee/wireless personal area network receiver is reported. It optimizes passive pregain with an inverter-based split low-noise transconductance amplifier (split-LNTA) to avoid the RF balun and its associated insertion loss, while enabling isolated in-phase (I)/quadrature (Q) passive mixing. The latter essentially saves power as a 50%-dutycycle local oscillator (50% LO) can be generated more efficiently than its 25% counterpart. Specifically, a 2.4-GHz LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) followed by an input-impedance-boosted Type-II RC-CR network produces the desired 50% four-phase LO with optimized power, I/Q accuracy, and phase noise. We also analytically compare the proposed “split-LNTA 50% LO” architecture with the existing “single-LNTA 25% LO,” identifying their distinct features under current- and voltage-mode operations. The receiver fabricated in 65-nm CMOS exhibits 32-dB voltage gain, 8.8-dB noise figure (NF) and 7 dBm out-band input-referred third-order intercept point that correspond to 59.4-dB spurious-free dynamic range. The VCO measures 111.4 dBc phase noise at 3.5-MHz offset. The achieved power (1.4 mW) and area (0.14 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) efficiencies are favorably comparable with the state-of-the-art.
Effect of Laminate Cutting and Annealing Treatment on the Magnetic Properties of Fe<sub>49</sub>Co<sub>49</sub>V<sub>2</sub> Alloy (2021)

The Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">49</sub> Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">49</sub> V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> alloy is a soft magnetic material commonly used in high-performance electrical machines in form of a laminate made of stacked thin sheets. Laminate preparation inevitably induces defects along the cut edge, which will deteriorate the magnetic properties of the alloy. Three laminate cutting methods, namely, punching, electrical discharge machining (EDM), and laser cutting, have been assessed for their impact on the magnetic properties of the laminates. The effect of annealing treatment before and after the cutting process was also studied. The magnetic properties of the ring laminate samples were measured under a frequency of 400 Hz at room temperature. The grain size and local misorientation were evaluated by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). Our study indicates that grain boundary and local misorientation within the grains are key considerations when assessing the deterioration of the soft magnetic properties. The mean grain size along the edge of laser-cut laminates with a post-annealing treatment was about 29.3 μm, larger than that in the center area of about 24 μm. This process route also exhibited the lowest fraction of local misorientation of greater than 0.5° along the edge area. As a result, laminates produced by laser cutting followed by a post-annealing treatment displayed the best magnetic performance among all investigated manufacturing routes.
Square Biphasic Pulse Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: The BiP-PD Study (2019)

Biphasic pulses were well-tolerated and provided similar benefit to conventional DBS. Further studies should address effectiveness of sqBIP in select PD patients.
Electronic Structure Changes across the Metamagnetic Transition in FeRh via Hard X-Ray Photoemission (2012)

Stoichiometric FeRh undergoes a temperature-induced antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition at ~350 K. In this Letter, changes in the electronic structure accompanying this transition are investigated in epitaxial FeRh thin films via bulk-sensitive valence-band and core-level hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with a photon energy of 5.95 keV. Clear differences between the AFM and FM states are observed across the entire valence-band spectrum and these are well reproduced using density-functional theory. Changes in the 2p core levels of Fe are also observed and interpreted using Anderson impurity model calculations. These results indicate that significant electronic structure changes over the entire valence-band region are involved in this AFM-FM transition.
Stuttered swallowing: Electric stimulation of the right insula interferes with water swallowing. A case report (2011)

These results indicate that the right inferior posterior insular cortex is involved in the neural circuitry underlying the control of swallowing.
Diagnosis of Lower-Limb Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Prospective Blinded Study of Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging (2002)

Magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging is an accurate noninvasive test for diagnosis of DVT, and its accuracy is maintained below the knee. Comparison of individual venous segments showed that results of MRDTI agreed strongly with findings on venography. Scanning was well tolerated, and interpretation was highly reproducible.
Chronic HCV-Related Autoimmunity: A Consequence of Viral Persistence and Lymphotropism (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-host interaction, namely the host immune reaction against various viral proteins, determines viral persistency and the severity of liver damage. The strong lymphotropism of HCV has been proven to be responsible in part for its ability to evade the peripheral immune response and possibly the frequency of HCV-related autoimmunity. Various mechanisms were reported to be responsible for HCV persistency and its association with autoimmunity. Of these, enhanced T cell apoptosis was reported to contribute to viral persistency and disease severity. The issue of HCV-related autoimmunity has partly been shown to be related to the resistance of CD5+ B cell subpopulation to apoptosis. Autoimmunity has been reported by many to include a wide range of autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor, ani-cardiolipin and smooth muscle antibodies. In this review our aim is to summarize the data on the mechanisms responsible for HCV persistence and HCV-related autoimmunity. We will try to determine the importance of autoimmunity in the evaluation of chronic HCV infected patients.
Mechanical Thresholds for Initiation and Persistence of Pain Following Nerve Root Injury: Mechanical and Chemical Contributions at Injury (2004)

There is much evidence supporting the hypothesis that magnitude of nerve root mechanical injury affects the nature of the physiological responses which can contribute to pain in lumbar radiculopathy. Specifically, injury magnitude has been shown to modulate behavioral hypersensitivity responses in animal models of radiculopathy. However, no study has determined the mechanical deformation thresholds for initiation and maintenance of the behavioral sensitivity in these models. Therefore, it was the purpose of this study to quantify the effects of mechanical and chemical contributions at injury on behavioral outcomes and to determine mechanical thresholds for pain onset and persistence. Male Holtzman rats received either a silk or chromic gut ligation of the L5 nerve roots, a sham exposure of the nerve roots, or a chromic exposure in which no mechanical deformation was applied but chromic gut material was placed on the roots. Using image analysis, nerve root radial strains were estimated at the time of injury. Behavioral hypersensitivity was assessed by measuring mechanical allodynia continuously throughout the study. Chromic gut ligations produced allodynia responses for nerve root strains at two-thirds of the magnitudes of those strains which produced the corresponding behaviors for silk ligation. Thresholds for nerve root compression producing the onset (8.4%) and persistence of pain (17.4%-22.2%) were determined for silk ligation in this lumbar radiculopathy model. Such mechanical thresholds for behavioral sensitivity in a painful radiculopathy model begin to provide biomechanical data which may have utility in broader experimental and computational models for relating injury biomechanics and physiologic responses of pain.
Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Modulates Cystic Fibrosis Epithelial Cell Response through the Toll- Like Receptor 4 (2015)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes severe infection in compromised individuals, including persons with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The expression of many virulence factors in P. aeruginosa is controlled by Quorum Sensing Molecules (QSMs) that are synthesized and secreted by this bacterium. Recent studies suggest that QSMs are also capable of interspecies communication, with exposure of mammalian cells to Acyl-Homoserine Lactones (AHLs) and Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) resulting in an immunomodulatory response. Although the initial immune response is intended to clear/contain the infection, this process is ineffective in CF lungs, and the persistent, excessive inflammation eventually leads to structural damage to the tissue. The goal of this study was to examine the response of IB3-1 CF airway epithelial cell line to PQS, alone and in conjunction with Pseudomonas-Derived Lipopolysaccharides (pLPS). In contrast to results obtained with other cell types suggesting that PQS is anti-inflammatory, PQS induced inflammation in the IB3- 1 CF cell line and exacerbated inflammation when administered simultaneously with LPS, as determined by ELISA for two markers of inflammation, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8. In addition, PQS was shown, for the first time, to act through toll-like receptor 4, a receptor that traditionally has only been associated with LPS. A better understanding of the role that QSMs play in the inflammatory response can potentially lead to new strategies to minimize airway destruction.
A Multiple Drugs of Abuse Test for Saliva Specimen on a Single Lab-on-a-Film-Chip Using Electrochemical Immunoassay (2009)

A lab-on-a- film-chip (LOFC) developed by NanoDitech Corp is a disposable microfluidic immunoassay device. Multiple drugs of abuse test for saliva specimen has been developed on a single lab-on-a-film-chip as an alternative to a nitrocellulose membrane based immunochromatography assay. The assay is a competitive test format since the target analytes have small molecular weights. The drug-conjugates immobilized on a carbon electrode compete with free drugs in saliva specimens for a binding site of specific drug antibody conjugated with alkaline phospatase. The binding signal for each analyte is generated by captured antibody conjugated with APase on a separate carbon electrode and is analyzed by electrochemical assay. Three analyte, amphetamine, cocaine and opiate, are simultaneously detected from drug spiked saliva samples with the cutoffs of 20 ng/ml, 40 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml, respectively.
Optimized power combining technique to design a 20dB gain, 13.5dBm OCP1dB 60GHz Power Amplifier using 65nm CMOS Technology (2012)

International audience
Detecting Improvement in Quality of Life and Symptomatology in Schizophrenia (2001)

Instrument-based scores are often used as outcome measures. However, little is known about what changes in scores mean in terms of a clinical assessment of improvement or deterioration. The purpose of this report was to determine how much change in standard instrument scores represents a clinically detectable improvement or deterioration. The Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Study of Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia evaluated 423 patients on clozapine or haloperidol. Symptoms and quality of life scales were completed at baseline; 6 weeks; and 3, 6, and 12 months. Among patients judged as "improved" by clinicians, the average percentage changes were a 21 percent decrease in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and a 26 percent increase in Quality of Life Scale (QLS) scores across all followup periods. The change in mean seven-point item scores were -0.46 (PANSS) and 0.23 (QLS). A major gain in clinically assessed improvement to "much better" was associated with a 45 percent decline in PANSS scores and 50 percent increase in QLS scores (change in mean seven-point item scores -0.88 and 0.92, respectively). Thus, modest changes in psychometric scales assessing symptoms and quality of life reflect clinically detectable improvement.
Secure Shares Generation via M-Blocks Partitioning for Counting-Based Secret Sharing (2020)

Counting-based secret sharing is presented recently as a promising approach serving multi-user authentication applications. The scheme originally generates its shares via simple flipping of one or two 0-bits within the entire secret key at various locations. Reconstructing the secret key combines chosen shares, based on (n,k) threshold, in parallel specific counting to recover back the secret key. This paper proposes modifying the shares generation process, for security enhancement, by dividing the secret key into blocks. Each block involves flipping specific bits simultaneously, generating ambiguous shares improving the access system security. The proposed blocks flipping shares methods is implemented in different 64-bits models via fair testing Java platform. Experimentations showed interesting comparisons results providing remarkable secure contributions. The work can be considered an opening applicability direction for further attractive research in improving the counting-based secret sharing technique.
Polymorphism in HIV-1 non-subtype B protease and reverse transcriptase and its potential impact on drug susceptibility and drug resistance evolution. (2003)

HIV-1 non-subtype B viruses are predominant worldwide. At least 9 different HIV-1 group M subtypes and 14 circulating recombinant forms differ from one another by 10-15% in their pol gene, which includes the coding regions for the viral protease and reverse transcriptase (RT), the current targets of antiretroviral drugs. Inter-subtype genotypic diversity includes polymorphism at amino acid residues known to be related to drug resistance in HIV-1 subtype B. Whether polymorphism alters protease and RT function, drug susceptibility, or clinical response to treatment, is unclear. Worldwide dissemination of non-subtype B viruses and increasing availability of antiretroviral drugs in the developing world will expand drug use and the likelihood of drug resistance in non-subtype B viruses. In this review we define and characterize inter-subtype RT and protease polymorphism, and examine the evidence for genotypic and phenotypic differences between HIV-1 subtypes as well as the potential for different clinical responses and evolution of drug resistance among non-B infected individuals.
A fast impedance-based antimicrobial susceptibility test (2020)

There is an urgent need to develop simple and fast antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) that allow informed prescribing of antibiotics. Here, we describe a label-free AST that can deliver results within an hour, using an actively dividing culture as starting material. The bacteria are incubated in the presence of an antibiotic for 30 min, and then approximately 10<sup>5</sup> cells are analysed one-by-one with microfluidic impedance cytometry for 2-3 min. The measured electrical characteristics reflect the phenotypic response of the bacteria to the mode of action of a particular antibiotic, in a 30-minute incubation window. The results are consistent with those obtained by classical broth microdilution assays for a range of antibiotics and bacterial species.
Protection by cholesterol‐extracting cyclodextrins: a role for <i>N</i>‐methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐aspartate receptor redistribution (2005)

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides composed of a lipophilic central cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface. Some CDs are capable of extracting cholesterol from cell membranes and can affect function of receptors and proteins localized in cholesterol-rich membrane domains. In this report, we demonstrate the neuroprotective activity of some CD derivatives against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and glutamate in cortical neuronal cultures. Although all CDs complexed with NMDA or glutamate, only beta-, methylated beta- and sulfated beta-CDs displayed neuroprotective activity and lowered cellular cholesterol. Only CDs that lowered cholesterol levels redistributed the NMDA receptor NR2B subunit, PSD-95 (postsynaptic density protein 95 kDa) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) from Triton X-100 insoluble membrane domains to soluble fractions. Cholesterol repletion counteracted the ability of methylated beta-CD to protect against NMDA toxicity, and reversed NR2B, PSD-95 and nNOS localization to Triton X-100 insoluble membrane fraction. Surprisingly, neuroprotective CDs had minimal effect on NMDA receptor-mediated increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), but did suppress OGD-induced increases in [Ca(2+)](i). beta-CD, but not Mbeta-CD, also caused a slight block of NMDA-induced currents, suggesting a minor contribution to neuroprotection by direct action on NMDA receptors. Taken together, data suggest that cholesterol extraction from detergent-resistant microdomains affects NMDA receptor subunit distribution and signal propagation, resulting in neuroprotection of cortical neuronal cultures against ischemic and excitotoxic insults. Since cholesterol-rich membrane domains exist in neuronal postsynaptic densities, these results imply that synaptic NMDA receptor subpopulations underlie excitotoxicity, which can be targeted by CDs without affecting overall neuronal Ca(2+) levels.
Eosinophil peroxidase increases membrane permeability in mammalian urinary bladder epithelium (1999)

Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), a cationic protein found in eosinophils, has been reported to be cytotoxic independent of its peroxidase activity. This study investigated with electrophysiological methods whether EPO is toxic to mammalian urinary bladder epithelium. Results indicate that EPO, when added to the mucosal solution, increases apical membrane conductance of urinary bladder epithelium only when the apical membrane potential is cell interior negative. The EPO-induced conductance was concentration dependent, with a maximum conductance of 411 microseconds/cm2 and a Michaelis-Menten constant of 113 nM. The EPO-induced conductance was nonselective for K+ and Cl-. The conductance was partially reversed using voltage but not by removal of EPO from the bulk solution. Mucosal Ca2+ reversed the EPO-induced conductance by a mechanism involving reversible block of the conductance. Prolonged exposure (up to 1 h) to EPO was toxic to the urinary bladder epithelium, as indicated by an irreversible increase in transepithelial conductance. These results suggest that EPO is indeed toxic to urinary bladder epithelium via a mechanism that involves an increase in membrane permeability.
Additive manufacturing of complex microreactors for intensified catalytic processes: H2 production by steam methane reforming (2018)

International audience
Rules for Abbreviation of Protecting Groups (2016)

With the goal of presenting information in the scientific literature clearly and unambiguously, a set of rules for the abbreviation of protecting groups has been developed. It is based on principles designed to be as descriptive and systematic as possible, but also sufficiently pragmatic and flexible so as to accommodate the most important current abbreviations.
Influence of Ionizing Radiation on Nucleus 24 Cochlear Implants (2005)

The results suggest that conventional or hyperfractionated radiotherapy can be applied safely at Nucleus CI24M or CI24R(CS) implant systems in a patient-like setting. Therefore, the authors propose that the results of the study can be applicable in clinical practice.
Extraction of trace metals from fly ash (2023)

A process for recovering silver, gallium and/or other trace metals from a fine grained industrial fly ash associated with a process for producing phosphorous, the fly ash having a silicate base and containing surface deposits of the trace metals as oxides, chlorides or the like, with the process being carried out by contacting the fly ash with AlCl.sub.3 in an alkali halide melt to react the trace metals with the AlCl.sub.3 to form compositions soluble in the melt and a residue containing the silicate and aluminum oxide or other aluminum precipitate, and separating the desired trace metal or metals from the melt by electrolysis or other separation techniques.
Steuerungsprogramme 4.0 Struktur und Aufbau von Steuerungsprogrammen für Industrie 4.0 (2014)

Upcoming requirements on the production of tomorrow demand for adaptability of the production and especially of the control architecture in use.The structure of the underlying control programs serves as the starting point for increasing adaptability.To support adaptability it is required to first modularize the control programs.