gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of alternative window materials for GaAs solar cells (1993)

The optimum window material for surface passivation of GaAs solar cells is investigated using theoretical analysis of optical losses due to window bandgap energy and thickness. A simplified expression is developed to calculate the effective surface recombination velocity in terms of lattice mismatch between the window layer and GaAs, which suggests using a window material with and indirect bandgap energy greater than 2.0 eV, a thickness of less than 0.05 mu m, and a lattice mismatch of less than 0.05%. Experimental GaAs solar cells were fabricated and quantum efficiency measurements were made using no window (bare GaAs), Al/sub 0.7/Ga/sub 0.3/As, Na/sub 2/S, and ZnSe/Na/sub 2/S windows. The Al/sub 0.7/Ga/sub 0.3/As and Na/sub 2/S windows are shown to passivate the GaAs surface and reduce the surface recombination velocity to less than 10/sup 5/ cm/s, while the ZnSe encapsulating layer was used to permanently maintain the temporary surface passivation effects from Na/sub 2/S.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Single-Source Vapor Deposition of Quantum-Cutting Yb<sup>3+</sup>:CsPb(Cl<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Br<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>3</sub>and Other Complex Metal-Halide Perovskites (2019)

Metal-halide semiconductors exhibit attractive properties for a host of applications including photovoltaics, solid-state lighting, and photodetection. Among the remarkable recent developments is the discovery of extraordinarily high photoluminescence quantum yields in Yb3+-doped inorganic lead-halide perovskites. Although all previous research and development of such quantum-cutting materials has involved solution-phase preparation, particularly as colloidal nanocrystals, such methods can introduce both processing and technical challenges that limit the scope of accessible compositions, morphologies, and scaled-up applications. Here, we demonstrate a scalable single-source vapor deposition (SSVD) method for depositing high-quality conformal thin films of complex metal-halide perovskites, including doped perovskites, over large areas at high deposition rates. Focusing on quantum-cutting Yb3+:CsPb(Cl1–xBrx)3, we demonstrate large-area deposition of films with photoluminescence quantum yields as high as 183%, starting from single-source powders prepared mechanochemically from solid ionic precursors. We also prepare thin films of the solar absorber material (FA0.81MA0.14Cs0.05)Pb(Cl0.02Br0.14I0.84)3 to illustrate the generality of this SSVD method. These results demonstrate a promising approach to high-throughput vapor processing of metal-halide coatings for photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Regio- and Stereoselective Cycloadditions of Cyclic Nitrones to Maleic Diamide Forced in a Peptide:  Synthesis of Potent Ligands of Human NK-2 Receptor (2000)

The regioselectivity and the stereoselectivity induced by relatively small peptidomimetic maleic diamide 1 in cycloaddition reactions with cyclic nitrones 2-5 was studied. The high regio- and stereoselectivity observed, sensibly increased by nonpolar solvents, was the effect of a double-asymmetric induction produced by the nitrone substituent on the pseudopeptidic tether. A new class of potent human tachykinin NK-2 receptor ligands was synthesized.
The rate and stability of mandibular block bone graft in recent 5 years (2017)

Satisfactory implant stability was accomplished upon administration of MBB graft. Within the limitation of this study, gender, implant site, and implant diameter were speculated to influence on implant stability in MBB graft.
&lt;title&gt;Large-area high-throughput high-resolution lithography systems for optoelectronics and microelectronics&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

We have developed a novel class of projection lithography systems that provide both high-throughput resist patterning and dielectric via formation for production of a variety of electronic modules, including optoelectronic waveguides, flat-panel displays, multichip modules, printed circuit boards, and microelectromechanical systems. The new technology eliminates limitations of current lithography tools, including contact and proximity tools, conventional projection systems, steppers and scanners, and direct-write machines. Further, the new system concept is highly modular, thereby providing equipment upgradability as well as choice of user-specified system configurations. These results are achieved with a novel, hexagonal seamless scanning concept and a single-planar stage system configuration that provide both high optical and scanning efficiencies, and combine high-resolution imaging with very large exposure area capability. We describe the new technology and present experimental results. These lithography systems are highly attractive for cost-effective production of microelectronic devices with feature sizes ranging from 15 micrometers to below 1 micrometers and substrate sizes ranging from 150 X 150 mm to larger than 610 X 660 mm.
Mediator Probe PCR: A Novel Approach for Detection of Real-Time PCR Based on Label-Free Primary Probes and Standardized Secondary Universal Fluorogenic Reporters (2012)

The mediator probe PCR has equal performance to hydrolysis probe PCR and has reduced costs because of the use of universal fluorogenic reporters.
Hypermethylation of the KEAP1 gene in colorectal cancer and association with disease progression. (2013)

e14655 Background: Aberrant methylation of the KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) gene promoter is emerging as a main mechanism of dysregulation of the NrF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 ) which plays a pivotal role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Under basal conditions, Nrf2 is retained in the cytoplasm by the binding with Keap1 and it is maintained at a reduced level by the Keap1-dependent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation systems. Reduced Keap1 expression by promoter aberrant methylation allows Nrf2 to translocate in the nucleus and to activate the detoxification pathway leading ultimately to drug resistance. Methods: We determined KEAP1 promoter methylation status in 50 metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and 9 normal colonic mucosa samples by using quantitative methylation specific PCR in real time (QMSP). The median age of the patients cohort was 65 (IQR 57-74) years. At diagnosis 12 patients were staged Duke D and 38 were staged as Duke C. As first line treatment the FOLFOX or FOLFIRI therapeutical schemes were used. Results: Methylation was detected in 20 out of 50 CRC (40%) and methylation levels were significantly higher in tumour samples (Median 0.65, IQR 0-8.28) as compared with normal colonic mucosa (Median 0, IQR 0-0.08) (P=0.03). Tumours from patients who experieced disease progression had significantly higher methylation levels (Median 0.53; IQR 0-7.61) as compared with patients showing partial response (Median 0, IQR 0-2.21) or disease stability (Median 0, IQR 0-0) (P=0.03 Kruskall Wallis Test). Conclusions: Our results suggest that Keap1 aberrant methylation is a frequent event in colorectal cancer and is associated with response to chemotherapeutical treatments.
Faster-than-at-Speed Test for Screening Small-Delay Defects (2017)

The test method presented in this chapter reduces the risk of any false identification of good chips as faulty due to IR drop effects rather than small-delay defects. In addition, the method is timing aware and relatively fast for a large design. The chapter describes the physical synthesis of the case study design. Scan-based test insertion was performed with eight scan chains. During test mode, all the bidirectional pins are controlled in input mode to avoid any congestion problem. The delay scaling formulation provided in the chapter can be extended if the factors are different for each library cell. Although it increases the accuracy of the analysis, it also would significantly increase the computational complexity. To group the patterns with relatively close path delay distribution, the patterns were sorted in increasing order of pattern slack. The pattern slack is referred to as the least slack across all the endpoints in the respective pattern.
Toward Responsive DBMS: Optimal Join Algorithms, Enumeration, Factorization, Ranking, and Dynamic Programming (2022)

When processing join queries over big data, a DBMS can become unresponsive, i.e., it takes very long until any output tuples appear. Ranked enumeration addresses this problem by attempting to return the most important answers as quickly as possible, ideally in time that is linear (or quasilinear) in input size, even if the complete output is much larger. Aside from its practical usefulness, ranked enumeration is closely related to, and in a way unifies, several other problems involving joins. The common goal is the design of optimal algorithms that are guaranteed to avoid large intermediate results and thus achieve time or space complexity close to a lower bound. Arguably, avoiding query plans that produce huge intermediate results has been an overarching goal of database optimizers, which is part of the reason why optimal join algorithms, enumeration, and factorized representations have generated a lot of excitement. In this tutorial, we embark on an exploration of these topics, showing how they are intimately connected with a wide range of fundamental problems in computer science.
A comparison of X-ray and proton beam low energy secondary electron track structures using the low energy models of Geant4 (2011)

A comparative analysis of the ionisation cluster distribution and radial dose deposition obtained is presented, which suggest that low energy X-rays could produce similar ionisation cluster distributions to MeV protons on the DNA scale of size at depths greater than ∼10 μm and at distances greater than ∼1 μm from the beam centre. Here the ionisation cluster size for each beam is less than ∼100. The radial dose deposition is also approximately equal at large depths and at distances greater than 10 μm from the beam centre.
Invasive carcinoma in clinically suspicious breast masses diagnosed as adenocarcinoma by fine-needle aspiration (2000)

A palpable breast mass with an FNA diagnosis of adenocarcinoma usually represents invasive carcinoma. A definitive treatment plan therefore can be planned based on these clinical and FNA findings.
The rationale for the use of preoperative chemotherapy. (1985)

A considerable amount of experimental and clinical data support the idea that there is a strong relationship between tumor mass and potential curability by chemotherapy. Malignancies for which there could be no realistic expectation of cure when treated at the advanced stage, may be quite sensitive to cure if the treatment can be initiated at a time when the tumor burden is very small. The somatic mutation model of drug resistance and cancer chemotherapeutic effect predicts a steep relationship between tumor burden and curability. One clinical implication of such a relationship is that the time period over which a significant proportion of individual cases would move from a position of curability to incurability may be substantially shorter than what one would intuitively expect. This argues for the earliest feasible utilization of appropriate chemotherapy as part of adjuvant treatment programs. This introduces a component of urgency into establishing a correct diagnosis and commencing appropriate anticancer drug treatment. Such measures may have the potential for increasing cure rates in a variety of human solid tumors for which adjuvant chemotherapy is deemed an appropriate technique. With the demonstration of the relative safety of such approaches then many of the ethical concerns about the early use of chemotherapy can be assuaged. One of the attractions of the method of preoperative chemotherapy is that it offers the possibility of improving cure rates in a variety of common human malignancies without developing new classes of antineoplastic drug or entirely novel treatment approaches. The prompt institution of chemotherapy during the perioperative period may have greater impact on the natural history of the disease than much more aggressive and complex treatment utilized in the later stages.
Characterizing waveguide T-junctions by three plane mode-matching techniques (2002)

A rigorous method for the solution of rectangular waveguide T-junction problems is presented. The method characterizes the waveguide discontinuity three times when the side-arm of the T-junction is terminated in a short circuit with three different lengths, and hence is called the three plane mode-matching technique. Computed and measured results on the magnitude and phase of the scattering matrix elements are in excellent agreement for both E-plane and H-plane T-junctions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Estimation of Mechanical and Transport Parameters in Cancers Using Short Time Poroelastography (2022)

Mechanical and transport properties of cancers such as Young's modulus (YM), Poisson's ratio (PR), and vascular permeability (VP) have great clinical importance in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. However, non-invasive estimation of these parameters <i>in vivo</i> is challenged by many practical factors. Elasticity imaging methods, such as "poroelastography", require prolonged data acquisition, which can limit their clinical applicability. In this paper, we investigate a new method to perform poroelastography experiments, which results in shorter temporal acquisition windows. This method is referred to as "short-time poroelastography" (STPE). Finite element (FE) and ultrasound simulations demonstrate that, using STPE, it is possible to accurately estimate YM, PR (within 10% error) using windows of observation (WoOs) of length as short as 1 underlying strain Time Constant (TC). The error was found to be almost negligible (< 3%) when using WoOs longer than 2 strain TCs. In the case of VP estimation, WoOs of at least 2 strain TCs are required to obtain an error < 8% (in simulations). The stricter requirement for the estimation of VP with respect to YM and PR is due its reliance on the transient strain behavior while YM and PR depend on the steady state strain values only. <i>In vivo</i> experimental data are used as a proof-of-principle of the potential applicability of the proposed methodology <i>in vivo</i>. The use of STPE may provide a means to efficiently perform poroelastography experiments without compromising the accuracy of the estimated tissue properties.
Examination of Soil Microbial Communities After Permafrost Thaw Subsequent to an Active Layer Detachment in the High Arctic (2017)

Active layer detachments (ALDs) are permafrost disturbances associated with climate change and increased seasonal warming. Such perturbations result from thawing of the upper permafrost and downslope movement of the overlying thawed material, including the active layer. ALDs have the potential to impact soil microbial community composition and function in arctic soil ecosystems. Here we report an initial investigation of an ALD located at Cape Bounty on Melville Island in the Canadian High Arctic. We examined soil nutrient content as well as microbial community structure using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Soil from the disturbed site showed changes in microbial communities with strikingly different fungal community composition compared to soils from an adjacent undisturbed site. These community changes were correlated with enhanced levels of dissolved organic carbon, microbial carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, and microbial nitrogen. The Nitrososphaerales—an order of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea—were more abundant in the disturbed soil and may have been responsible for the altered nitrogen cycling that resulted in higher levels of total dissolved nitrogen there. The fungal communities at both sites were dominated by orders within the Ascomycota, a phylum of mainly hyphal fungi. Intriguingly however, they were more numerous in the undisturbed soil compared to the disturbed soil, suggesting that certain Ascomycota could not reestablish within six years of the ALD, and more generally that fungal hyphal networks may help to stabilize tundra surface soils against erosional losses.
Mirror devices (1990)

mirror based neutron sources and a D-3 He mirror reactor are presented.
Data from PCI-24781 Induces Caspase and Reactive Oxygen Species–Dependent Apoptosis Through NF-κB Mechanisms and Is Synergistic with Bortezomib in Lymphoma Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; We investigated the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of cell death of the broad-spectrum histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor PCI-24781, alone and combined with bortezomib in Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines and primary lymphoproliferative (CLL/SLL) cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle analysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry, whereas caspase activation was determined by Western blot. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-related mRNAs were quantified by reverse transcription-PCR, NF-κB–related proteins by Western blotting, and NF-κB DNA-binding activity by electromobility shift assay. Finally, gene expression profiling was analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; PCI-24781 induced concentration-dependent apoptosis that was associated with prominent G&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;/G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; arrest, decreased S-phase, increased p21 protein, and increased ROS in Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines. Dose-dependent apoptosis with PCI-24781 was also seen among primary CLL/SLL cells. PCI-24781–induced apoptosis was shown to be ROS- and caspase-dependent. Combined PCI-24781/bortezomib treatment resulted in strong synergistic apoptosis in all non-Hodgkin lymphoma lines (combination indices, 0.19-0.6) and was additive in Hodgkin lymphoma and primary CLL/SLL cells. Further, PCI-24781/bortezomib resulted in increased caspase cleavage, mitochondrial depolarization, and histone acetylation compared with either agent alone. Gene expression profiling showed that PCI-24781 alone significantly down-regulated several antioxidant genes, proteasome components, and NF-κB pathway genes, effects that were enhanced further with bortezomib. Reverse transcription-PCR confirmed down-regulation of NF-κB1 (p105), c-Myc, and IκB-kinase subunits, where NF-κB DNA binding activity was decreased.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; We show that PCI-24781 results in increased ROS and NF-κB inhibition, leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis. We also show that bortezomib is synergistic with PCI-24781. This combination or PCI-24781 alone has potential therapeutic value in lymphoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Yolk sac-derived Pdcd11-positive cells modulate zebrafish microglia differentiation through the NF-κB-Tgfβ1 pathway (2020)

Microglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system, which plays a vital role in neuron development and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial precursors in peripheral hematopoietic tissues colonize the central nervous system during early embryogenesis. However, how intrinsic and extrinsic signals integrate to regulate microglia's differentiation remains undefined. In this study, we identified the cerebral white matter hyperintensities susceptibility gene, programmed cell death protein 11 (PDCD11), as an essential factor regulating microglia differentiation. In zebrafish, pdcd11 deficiency prevents the differentiation of the precursors to mature brain microglia. Although, the inflammatory featured macrophage brain colonization is augmented. At 22 h post fertilization, the Pdcd11-positive cells on the yolk sac are distinct from macrophages and neutrophils. Mechanistically, PDCD11 exerts its physiological role by differentially regulating the functions of nuclear factor-kappa B family members, P65 and c-Rel, suppressing P65-mediated expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tnfα, and enhancing the c-Rel-dependent appearance of tgfβ1. The present study provides novel insights in understanding microglia differentiation during zebrafish development.
Development Of A Nano Filled Composite Experiment For A Freshman Class (2020)

1969) in Metallurgy. His expertise is in the area of materials where he has taught
Correlation of Human Olfactory Responses to Airborne Concentrations of Malodorous Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Swine Effluent (2001)

Direct multicomponent analysis of malodorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in ambient air samples from 29 swine (Sus scrofa) production facilities was used to develop a 19-component artificial swine odor solution that simulated olfactory properties of swine effluent. Analyses employing either a human panel consisting of 14 subjects or gas chromatography were performed on the air stream from an emission chamber to assess human olfactory responses or odorant concentration, respectively. Analysis of the olfactory responses using Fisher's LSD statistics showed that the subjects were sensitive to changes in air concentration of the VOC standard across dilutions differing by approximately 16%. The effect of chemical synergisms and antagonisms on human olfactory response magnitudes was assessed by altering the individual concentration of nine compounds in artificial swine odor over a twofold concentration range while maintaining the other 18 components at a constant concentration. A synergistic olfactory response was observed when the air concentration of acetic acid was increased relative to the concentration of other VOC odorants in the standard. An antagonistic olfactory response was observed when the air concentration of 4-ethyl phenol was increased relative to the other VOC odorants in the standard. The collective odorant responses for nine major VOCs associated with swine odor were used to develop an olfactory prediction model to estimate human odor response magnitudes to swine manure odorants through measured air concentrations of indicator VOCs. The results of this study show that direct multicomponent analysis of VOCs emitted from swine effluent can be applied toward estimating perceived odor intensity.
Automatic detection of supraaortic branches and model-based segmentation of the aortic arch froM 3D CTA images (2009)

Automated quantification of the morphology of the aortic arch is crucial for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We introduce a new approach for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fully</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">automatic</i> segmentation and characterization of the aortic arch morphology for endovascular aortic repair. Supraaortic branches are detected based on an analysis of the connected components within a spherical volume around the vessel. Segmentation and quantification is based on a 3D parametric intensity model that is iteratively fitted to the image intensities and includes a fast and robust scheme for initialization. The performance of the approach has been evaluated using synthetic and real 3D CTA images.