gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-band wavelength-swept single-longitudinalmode erbium-doped fiber ring laser (2008)

A wavelength-swept single-longitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber ring laser capable of operating at sweeping frequency in the order of a few kHz is designed and demonstrated by using a fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter and a Sagnac loop incorporated with a 3.5-meter unpumped erbium-doped fiber. The laser operates in continuous-wave (CW) mode and can sweep approximately 45 nm over the entire C-band (1520nm-1570nm) window with linewidth less than 0.7 kHz. The optimum wavelength sweeping frequency in order to achieve the best output power stability was found to be approximately20Hz with sweeping-induced power fluctuation of only 0.1%.
The importance of acute luminal diameter in determining restenosis after coronary atherectomy or stenting. (1992)

This quantitative model demonstrates that the late coronary lumen diameter and the probability of restenosis after Palmaz-Schatz stenting or directional atherectomy are influenced strongly by the lumen diameter present immediately after the procedure rather than by the specific device used. Although the influence of a larger acute result on reduced restenosis appears to be well established in this treatment population, the interplay among the multiple other biological influences on restenosis limits the ability to predict the probability of restenosis for the individual patient based on a large acute result alone. Future studies of restenosis, however, can further refine this multivariable quantitative model by adjusting for the effects of other clinical variables, mechanical interventions, or drug therapies in addition to the clear effect of postprocedure luminal diameter.
Macroscopic Size Effects in Second Harmonic Generation from Si(111) Coated by Thin Oxide Films: The Role of Optical Casimir Nonlocality (1997)

Optical second harmonic generation from Si(111)-Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface shows a strong nonmonotonic dependence on the oxide thickness between 2 and 300 nm. The Brewster angle of incidence, $p$-in, $p$-out combination of polarizations and strong, uniform suppression of this effect by near-index matching fluid exclude trivial multiple reflections and microscopic interface effects. The observation can be interpreted to originate from the optical (Casimir) nonlocality stemming from the thickness-dependent electron-electron interaction via virtual photons of the quantized electromagnetic field.
Rapid diffusion of dipolar order enhances dynamic nuclear polarization (2008)

We have observed that the bulk proton dipolar reservoir is cooled to a spin temperature of $15.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in a dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiment, following microwave irradiation for $800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$. This is significantly cooler than the $35\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$ spin temperature of the proton Zeeman reservoir following DNP. Equilibration of the two reservoirs results in a 50% increase in the NMR signal intensity, corresponding to a proton Zeeman spin temperature of $23\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$. In order to achieve this polarization directly, it was necessary to irradiate the sample with microwaves for $1500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$. The experiment was performed on a $40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mM}$ solution of 4-amino-TEMPO in a 40:60 water/glycerol mixture. Cooling of the dipolar reservoir occurs during polarization transport through the magnetic field gradient around the paramagnetic impurity, and is rapidly communicated to the bulk by dipolar spin diffusion. As dipolar spin diffusion is significantly faster than Zeeman spin diffusion, the bulk dipolar reservoir cools faster than the Zeeman reservoir. This process can be exploited to rapidly polarize the nuclear spins, by repeatedly cooling the dipolar system and transferring the polarization to the Zeeman reservoir.
Breaking stochastic tradeoffs with a dry deposited and dry developed EUV photoresist system (2021)

We discuss here our revolutionary technique to both apply photo resist and develop latent images in photo resist using dry technologies instead of the existing wet spin coating and development that have been the standard over the last several decades. We will review the key advantages of dry resist processing over wet resist processing: stability, photo sensitivity, environmental footprint, and cost. This nascent technology has demonstrated best in class resist performance at leading edge design rules, breaks several long standing tradeoffs in EUV photoresist materials, and opens the door to a new world of innovations in EUV lithography patterning.
On the statistics of a sum of harmonic waveforms (2002)

In this paper, we address certain aspects of the problem of statistically characterizing the electromagnetic field inside an enclosure. The field that we are interested in describing is time-harmonic and a three-dimensional spatial vector; therefore, two random variables are required for each vector component at each location in the enclosure. We can describe either the magnitude (or intensity) and phase, or the real (in-phase) and imaginary (quadrature) parts, of each spatial component. It is the relationship between these two modes of description that is addressed in this paper. We show that this relationship is given by the Blanc-Lapierre transform and when there is a sum of more than one time-harmonic field, by equations first derived by Kluyver. The relationships are derived for any form of distribution taken on by any of the random variable. We also address issues related to the approximation of the probability density function (pdf) of the amplitude of an electromagnetic field given a known pdf of the intensity of this field. The work presented herein fills in some of the gaps which were left in some literature wherein the independence of the variables to each other was assumed, that is, the independence of the in-phase to the quadrature variables.
TCT 2030 (2019)

Over the last 3 decades, TCT (Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics) has become the sine qua non meeting for the global interventional community. The TCT meeting brings together thousands of physicians, health care team members, industry, government regulators, and researchers. It is the annual
Host gene expression classifiers diagnose acute respiratory illness etiology (2020)

Acute respiratory infections caused by bacterial or viral pathogens are among the most common reasons for seeking medical care. Despite improvements in pathogen-based diagnostics, most patients receive inappropriate antibiotics. Host response biomarkers offer an alternative diagnostic approach to direct antimicrobial use. This observational, cohort study determined whether host gene expression patterns discriminate non-infectious from infectious illness, and bacterial from viral causes of acute respiratory infection in the acute care setting. Peripheral whole blood gene expression from 273 subjects with community-onset acute respiratory infection (ARI) or non-infectious illness as well as 44 healthy controls was measured using microarrays. Sparse logistic regression was used to develop classifiers for bacterial ARI (71 probes), viral ARI (33 probes), or a non-infectious cause of illness (26 probes). Overall accuracy was 87% (238/273 concordant with clinical adjudication), which was more accurate than procalcitonin (78%, p<0.03) and three published classifiers of bacterial vs. viral infection (78-83%). The classifiers developed here externally validated in five publicly available datasets (AUC 0.90-0.99). A sixth publically available dataset included twenty-five patients with co-identification of bacterial and viral pathogens. Applying the ARI classifiers defined four distinct groups: a host response to bacterial ARI; viral ARI; co-infection; and neither a bacterial nor viral response. These findings create an opportunity to develop and utilize host gene expression classifiers as diagnostic platforms to combat inappropriate antibiotic use and emerging antibiotic resistance.
Invited: Advances Toward Practical Detection of Trace Chemical Hazards with Solid State Microarray Devices (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Barani Raman, Douglas Meier, Rupa Shenoy, Kurt Benkstein, Steve Semancik; Invited: Advances Toward Practical Detection of Trace Chemical Hazards with Solid State Microarray Devices. AIP Conference Proceedings 6 September 2011; 1362 (1): 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3626327 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
RNase L Plays a Role in the Antiviral Response to West Nile Virus (2006)

Alleles at the Flv locus determine disease outcome after a flavivirus infection in mice. Although comparable numbers of congenic resistant and susceptible mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) are infected by the flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV), resistant MEFs produce approximately 100- to 150-fold lower titers than susceptible ones and flavivirus titers in the brains of resistant and susceptible animals can differ by >10,000-fold. The Flv locus was previously identified as the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1b (Oas1b) gene. Oas gene expression is up-regulated by interferon (IFN), and after activation by double-stranded RNA, some mouse synthetases produce 2-5A, which activates latent RNase L to degrade viral and cellular RNAs. To determine whether the lower levels of intracellular flavivirus genomic RNA from resistant mice detected in cells at all times after infection were mediated by RNase L, RNase L activity levels in congenic resistant and susceptible cells were compared. Similar moderate levels of RNase L activation by transfected 2-5A were observed in both types of uninfected cells. After WNV infection, the mRNAs of IFN-beta and three Oas genes were up-regulated to similar levels in both types of cells. However, significant levels of RNase L activity were not detected until 72 h after WNV infection and the patterns of viral RNA cleavage products generated were similar in both types of cells. When RNase L activity was down-regulated in resistant cells via stable expression of a dominant negative RNase L mutant, approximately 5- to 10-times-higher yields of WNV were produced. Similarly, about approximately 5- to 10-times-higher virus yields were produced by susceptible C57BL/6 RNase L-/- cells compared to RNase L+/+ cells that were either left untreated or pretreated with IFN and/or poly(I) . poly(C). The data indicate that WNV genomic RNA is susceptible to RNase L cleavage and that RNase L plays a role in the cellular antiviral response to flaviviruses. The results suggest that RNase L activation is not a major component of the Oas1b-mediated flavivirus resistance phenotype.
Abstract 3692: High-throughput cell-based screen for inhibitors of AR activity (2010)

Abstract Advanced prostate cancer is treated by castration and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists but despite an initial response, relapse eventually occurs. Although the mechanism for disease progression remains to be elucidated, in many cases castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to rely on AR transcriptional activity for growth through increased receptor expression or promiscuity, but there are few treatments available that directly target the AR protein. In the cytoplasm the AR binds to androgens that include testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, allowing it to dissociate from heat shock proteins and translocate to the nucleus, undergoing post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and acetylation that affect its activity. The dimerised AR binds to promoter regions of target genes such as prostate specific antigen and the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene, resulting in cell growth and survival. Our objective was therefore to look for inhibitors of AR function. Initial work focussed on serine 81 (S81) which is a major site of phosphorylation on the AR that may be implicated in AR stability and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target for CRPC. The importance of phosphorylation at S81 was investigated by using mutants that mimic the phosphorylated and de-phosphorylated states. Our studies suggested that loss of S81 phosphorylation alone has no effect on AR stability, and therefore inhibition of S81 phosphorylation is not a suitable target for developing future treatments for CRPC. Inhibitors of AR function were identified using cells expressing AR and a PSA promoter driven luciferase gene. A high throughput cell-based screen was used to test a diverse set of compounds with unknown functions and a selection of known kinase, phosphatase and nuclear receptor inhibitors at 20µM for inhibition of AR activity and cytotoxic properties. The design of this novel screen, using a wild type receptor and an excess of androgen, militates against identification of weak AR anatagonists; for example in this assay the IC50 for the antiandrogen bicalutamide is &amp;gt;50µM and for the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor 17-AAG is 0.2µM. Of the 10,000 compounds screened there were 117 hits. Confirmed hit compounds showed more than 50% inhibition of AR activity and less than 50% toxicity at 20µM. A selection of these compounds were tested for effects on AR protein expression, cell viability, AR localisation and transcriptional activity with AR independent promoters and the results of these analyses will be presented. The development of a potent and selective AR inhibitor should provide a valuable additional therapeutic approach to treating CRPC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3692.
Complexity in signal transduction (2010)

This review is focused on complexity in cell signaling. Signaling experiments have demonstrated that many different stimuli activate the same signaling pathways yet result in different outcomes. Differences in the cellular machinery between cells explain response variation between cell types, but for a single cell type an appealing explanation is still lacking. The kinetic disconnect between cell signal transduction and a cellular action is highlighted; possible explanations for this disconnect, such as a series of cascading autocrine signaling molecules and new research suggesting that cells experience multiple rounds of reactivation in numerous cell signaling pathways, are reviewed. Additionally, evidence that kinase pathways exhibit frequency and amplitude modulation is examined. From this review, a new model of signal transduction is proposed whereby multiple signal transduction pathways are reactivated over time to orchestrate unique outcomes in physiological processes.
Serial Procalcitonin Levels and Bacterial Etiology in Hospitalized Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia (2021)

Abstract Background: Accurate determination of the microbial etiology of pneumonia has important consequences for appropriate administration of antimicrobials and antimicrobial stewardship. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker that is finding increasing diagnostic and prognostic utility in lower respiratory infections, however, it remains unclear whether it can be helpful in predicting the bacterial etiology of pneumonia. In this study, we examined the relationship between serial PCT measurements and bacterial etiology in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia, including those at high risk for infections due to multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO), to determine whether PCT at admission and its trajectory early in the hospital course of patients provides distinguishing information between different bacterial causes of pneumonia. Methods: We analyzed data collected from a prospective cohort study of 505 patients admitted to a tertiary care center with a clinical syndrome consistent with pneumonia. Bacterial etiology of pneumonia was determined from high quality respiratory samples, blood cultures and other relevant diagnostic tests according to standard protocols in conjunction with clinical review. Daily plasma procalcitonin levels were measured for these patients serially during the first four days of hospitalization. We compared procalcitonin levels associated with different bacterial etiologies of pneumonia over the first four days of admission, using the Mann-Whitney-U test to assess for statistical significance. Results: Out of 505 patients, the diagnosis of pneumonia was adjudicated in 322, and bacterial etiology determined in 64 cases. The predominant pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 19; 12 Methicillin Resistant (MRSA) and 7 Methicillin Susceptible (MSSA)) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 12), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 6), and Haemophilus influenza (n=5). We found higher procalcitonin values for S. pneumoniae relative to other etiologies, a delayed rise for Pseudomonas over time, and consistently low PCT values for infections due to multiple bacteria. In addition, our results also suggest that procalcitonin values on the second day of hospitalization, rather than at admission, may have the most utility in distinguishing between bacterial etiologies. Conclusion: Serial procalcitonin values during the early course of bacterial pneumonia reveal a difference between pneumococcal and other bacterial etiologies, and may have an adjunct role in guiding antibiotic choice and duration.
Free magnetic moments in disordered metals (2006)

The screening of magnetic moments in metals, the Kondo effect, is found to be quenched with a finite probability in the presence of nonmagnetic disorder. Numerical results for a disordered electron system show that the distribution of Kondo temperatures deviates strongly from the result expected from the random matrix theory. A pronounced second peak emerges for small Kondo temperatures, showing that the probability that magnetic moments remain unscreened at low temperatures increases with disorder. Analytical calculations, taking into account the correlations between eigenfunction intensities, yield a finite width for the distribution in the thermodynamic limit. Experimental consequences for disordered mesoscopic metals are discussed.
Advanced VLSI Architecture for Fixed and Random Valued Impulse Noise Removal in Images using MDBDM (2014)

Digital images are corrupted frequently by impulse noise during the procedures of acquisitions and their transmissions. An advanced effective VLSI architecture is designed in this paper to remove both the random valued and fixed valued impulse noise from the images. Modified Decision tree is used for detecting the noisy pixels and to preserve the noise free pixels, mean filter is used for fixed value noise and edge preserving filtering technique is applied to restore the noisy pixels of random valued noise. It is implemented using the Xilinx ISE design suite and tested in Spartan-3E FPGA kit by interfacing it with the PC using the RS232 cable. The implemented design shows better results in visual quality in the noise removed image also it has less complexity and improved performance.
Tunable Fano interference in intersubband absorption (1996)

New modulation-doped quantum semiconductor structures that exhibit strong Fano interference effects have been designed and demonstrated. Intersubband absorption experiments clearly demonstrate the ability to engineer Fano resonances and their evolution toward bound-to-bound transitions as the continuum is progressively modified under the action of an electric field normal to the layers.
Mellin Transform of an Exponential Fourier Transform Expressed in Terms of the Lerch Function (2021)

The aim of this paper is to provide a table of definite integrals which includes both known and new integrals. This work is important because we provide a formal derivation for integrals in [7] not currently present in literature along with new integrals. By deriving new integrals we hope to expand the current list of integral formulae which could assist in research where applicable. The authors apply their contour integral method [9] to an integral in [8] to achieve this new integral formula in terms of the Lerch function. In this present work, the authors provide a formal derivation for an interesting Exponential Fourier transform and express it in terms of the Lerch function. The Exponential Fourier transform has many real world applications namely, in the field of Electrical engineering, in the work of electrical transients by [10] and in the field of Civil engineering, in the work of stress analysis of boundary load on soil by [11]. The definite integral we derived in this work is given by <img src=image/13424121_01.gif> (1) where the variables <img src=image/13424121_02.gif>. This formal derivation is then used to derive the correct version of a definite integral transform along with new formulae. Some of the results in this work are new.
Natural History of Glaucoma Progression in the DBA/2J Model: Early Contribution of Müller Cell Gliosis (2023)

Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and the resulting mechanical stress are classically considered the main causes of RGC death. However, RGC degeneration and ensuing vision loss often occur independent of IOP, indicating a multifactorial nature of glaucoma, with the likely contribution of glial and vascular function. The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the time course of neuro-glial-vascular changes associated with glaucoma progression. We used DBA/2J mice in the age range of 2-15 months as a spontaneous model of glaucoma with progressive IOP elevation and RGC loss typical of human open-angle glaucoma. We found that the onset of RGC degeneration at 10 months of age coincided with that of IOP elevation and vascular changes such as decreased density, increased lacunarity and decreased tight-junction protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1, while hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were already significantly upregulated at 6 months of age together with the onset of Müller cell gliosis. Astrocytes, however, underwent significant gliosis at 10 months. These results indicate that Müller cell activation occurs well before IOP elevation, with probable inflammatory consequences, and represents an early event in the glaucomatous process. Early upregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF is likely to contribute to blood retinal barrier failure, facilitating RGC loss. The different time courses of neuro-glial-vascular changes during glaucoma progression provide further insight into the nature of the disease and suggest potential targets for the development of efficient therapeutic intervention aside from IOP lowering.