gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A general and intuitive approach to understand and compare the torque production capability of AC machines (2014)

Electromagnetic torque analysis is one of the key issues in the analysis of electric machines. It plays an important role in machine design and control. The common method described in most of the textbooks is to calculate the torque in the machine variables and then transform them to the dq-frame, through complicated mathematical manipulations. This is a more mathematical approach rather than explaining the physics behind torque production, which even brings a lot of difficulties to specialist. This paper introduces a general and intuitive approach to obtain the dq-frame torque equation of various AC machines. In this method, torque equation can be obtained based on the intuitive physical understanding of the mechanism behind torque production. It is then approved to be applicable for general case, including rotor saliency and various types of magnetomotive force sources. As an application example, torque equations of permanent magnet machine, synchronous reluctance machine and induction machine are obtained, where torque production capability of each machine may be easily understood and a fair comparison of these machine types may then be carried out.
An Ultrasensitive Method for The Quantitation of Active and Inactive Glp-1 in Human Plasma Via Immunoaffinity LC–MS/MS (2013)

We have developed a robust analytical method for the quantitation of endogenous active and inactive GLP-1 in human plasma. In addition, we employed this method to measure the typical changes in GLP-1 levels after food intake. The sensitivity of this assay is better than another LC-MS/MS GLP-1 assay previously reported and many commercially available immunoassays. This important analytical tool could be used to qualify and/or harmonize the different immunoassays used for the quantitation of GLP-1.
Diet-induced mouse model of fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis reflecting clinical disease progression and methods of assessment (2013)

Shortcomings of previously reported preclinical models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) include inadequate methods used to induce disease and assess liver pathology. We have developed a dietary model of NASH displaying features observed clinically and methods for objectively assessing disease progression. Mice fed a diet containing 40% fat (of which ∼18% was trans fat), 22% fructose, and 2% cholesterol developed three stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (steatosis, steatohepatitis with fibrosis, and cirrhosis) as assessed by histological and biochemical methods. Using digital pathology to reconstruct the left lateral and right medial lobes of the liver, we made comparisons between and within lobes to determine the uniformity of collagen deposition, which in turn informed experimental sampling methods for histological, biochemical, and gene expression analyses. Gene expression analyses conducted with animals stratified by disease severity led to the identification of several genes for which expression highly correlated with the histological assessment of fibrosis. Importantly, we have established a biopsy method allowing assessment of disease progression. Mice subjected to liver biopsy recovered well from the procedure compared with sham-operated controls with no apparent effect on liver function. Tissue obtained by biopsy was sufficient for gene and protein expression analyses, providing the opportunity to establish an objective method of assessing liver pathology before subjecting animals to treatment. The improved assessment techniques and the observation that mice fed the high-fat diet exhibit many clinically relevant characteristics of NASH establish a preclinical model for identifying pharmacological interventions with greater likelihood of translating to the clinic.
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients (pts) receiving hyper-CVAD (2004)

6727 Background: IFI are frequent and life-threatening complications in pts with hematologic malignancies. Pts at high risk for IFI are those with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and pts undergoing bone marrow transplant. The incidence of IFI in AML/MDS during induction at MDACC is 3%–9% with 39% mortality. Pts who receive hyper-CVAD are susceptible to IFI due to use of steroids and neutropenia. Fluconazole 200mg daily is standard anti-fungal prophylaxis for pts undergoing hyper-CVAD for acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL), lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), or Burkitts leukemia/lymphoma (BL). Objectives: 1) To determine incidence of IFI during hyper-CVAD 2) to evaluate efficacy of our standard anti-fungal prophylaxis 3) to estimate mortality due to IFI. Methods: Retrospective chart review of pts treated with hyper-CVAD from January 1998-July 2003. Review was conducted until relapse, death, transplant, or end of chemotherapy. From 1992–2003 hyper-CVAD was administered as described by Kantarjian et al (JCO 18:547, 2000). From May 2000-December 2001, the modified hyper-CVAD regimen with or without rituximab was used. This regimen incorporated a course of anthracycline intensification on course 2, and 2 courses of early and late intensification during maintenance. No maintenance was given for BL. Results: 170 pts were reviewed, 159 were evaluable. Median age was 41 (r: 15–92), 74% ALL, 20% BL and 6% LL. Overall incidence of IFI was 13% (21/159); 62% due to mold, 38% due to yeast. Overall mortality due to IFI was 24% (5/21), 3 of them occurring in pts who were HIV+/BL and 2 in ALL pts. 3/7 pts with HIV+/BL developed and died due to IFI. Conclusion: The incidence of IFI in pts with ALL, BL, LL is similar to AML/MDS pts, however, the mortality is lower. Patients with BL/HIV, have a high risk of death due to IFI. New strategies for IFI prevention such as use of protected environment and the use of broad-spectrum anti-fungal prophylaxis should be considered in pts receiving hyper-CVAD. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC PANCREATIC TUMORS BY ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED TRUCUT BIOPSY (EUS TCB) OF THE CYST WALL. (2004)

Background: The key to management of cystic pancreatic lesions (CPL) is differentiation of benign from malignant and pre-malignant lesions. Current diagnostic modalities utilize morphological, biochemical and cytological properties to determine the specific cyst type and malignant potential. These tests are frequently non-diagnostic and may lead to an incorrect diagnosis and improper management. Surgery is often required to establish the diagnosis and for therapy. Use of large core endoscopic ultrasound guided trucut biopsies (EUS TCB) may allow acquisition of a larger tissue sample and histologic review thereby enhancing the diagnostic accuracy. Aim: To assess the ability to diagnose CPL by histologic examination of corebiopsy specimens of cyst wall obtained by EUS TCB in resected specimens. Methods: Four patients with CPL underwent EUS TCB of the cyst wall of the resected specimen immediately following surgery. A dedicated GI pathologist blinded to the clinical data reviewed the EUS TCB specimens and the results were compared to the final diagnosis as determined by another pathologist following complete examination of the entire resected specimen. Results: EUS TCB specimens were diagnostic in 3 of 4 patients allowing diagnosis of a mucinous cystic neoplasia (n=2) and islet cell tumor (n=1) but failed to diagnose an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (n=1). Conclusions: Based on the preliminary results of this ongoing study, diagnosis of CPL is possible when performing EUS TCB of the wall of resected specimens. Prospective in vivo trials are needed to determine the accuracy and safety of EUS TCB for diagnosing CPL.
&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; pharmacology of YNT-X, a novel small-molecule orexin type 2 receptor agonist (2019)

Orexin, a neuropeptide produced by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, regulates sleep and wakefulness. Orexin deficiency causes narcolepsy-cataplexy characterized by excessive sleepiness and cataplexy, a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotion.
Novel Polyisocyanopeptide Hydrogels for Rapid Vasculogenesis (2015)

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Age-Associated DNA Methylation Patterns Are Shared Between the Hippocampus and Peripheral Blood Cells (2020)

As the population ages, interest in identifying biomarkers of healthy aging and developing antiaging interventions has increased. DNA methylation has emerged as a potentially powerful molecular marker of aging. Methylation changes at specific sites in the human genome that have been identified in peripheral blood have been used as robust estimators of chronological age. Similar age-related DNA methylation signatures are also seen in various tissue types in rodents. However, whether these peripheral alterations in methylation status reflect changes that also occur in the central nervous system remains unknown. This study begins to address this issue by identifying age-related methylation patterns in the hippocampus and blood of young and old mice. Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (RBSS) was used to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the blood and hippocampus of 2- and 20-month-old C57/Bl6 mice. Of the thousands of DMRs identified genome-wide only five were both found in gene promoters and significantly changed in the same direction with age in both tissues. We analyzed the hippocampal expression of these five hypermethylated genes and found that three were expressed at significantly lower levels in aged mice [suppressor of fused homolog (<i>Sufu</i>), nitric oxide synthase 1 (<i>Nos1</i>) and tripartite motif containing 2 (<i>Trim2</i>)]. We also identified several transcription factor binding motifs common to both hippocampus and blood that were enriched in the DMRs. Overall, our findings suggest that some age-related methylation changes that occur in the brain are also evident in the blood and could have significant translational relevance.
Micropower CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor (1995)

A CMOS smart temperature sensor with digital output is presented which consumes less than 7?W. It operates at supply voltages down to 2.2V. The circuit uses substrate bipolars as temperature sensor. Conversion to the digital domain is done by a sigma-delta converter, which makes the circuit highly insensitive to digital interference. In the temperature range from ?40 to + 120°C, inaccuracy is ±1°C after calibration at two temperatures.
Structural Transition-Induced Raman Enhancement in Bioinspired Diphenylalanine Peptide Nanotubes (2022)

Semiconducting materials are increasingly proposed as alternatives to noble metal nanomaterials to enhance Raman scattering. We demonstrate that bioinspired semiconducting diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes annealed through a reported structural transition can support Raman detection of 10<sup>-7</sup> M concentrations for a range of molecules including mononucleotides. The enhancement is attributed to the introduction of electronic states below the conduction band that facilitate charge transfer to the analyte molecule. These results show that organic semiconductor-based materials can serve as platforms for enhanced Raman scattering for chemical sensing. As the sensor is metal-free, the enhancement is achieved without the introduction of electromagnetic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Reducing motion sensitivity in 3D high-resolution T2*-weighted MRI by navigator-based motion and nonlinear magnetic field correction (2019)

T<sub>2</sub>*-weighted gradient echo (GRE) MRI at high field is uniquely sensitive to the magnetic properties of tissue and allows the study of brain and vascular anatomy at high spatial resolution. However, it is also sensitive to B<sub>0</sub> field changes induced by head motion and physiological processes such as the respiratory cycle. Conventional motion correction techniques do not take these field changes into account, and consequently do not fully recover image quality in T<sub>2</sub>*-weighted MRI. Here, a novel approach was developed to address this by monitoring the B<sub>0</sub> field with a volumetric EPI phase navigator. The navigator was acquired at a shorter echo time than that of the (higher resolution) T<sub>2</sub>*-weighted GRE imaging data and accelerated with parallel imaging for high temporal resolution. At 4 ​mm isotropic spatial resolution and 0.54 ​s temporal resolution, the accuracy for estimation of rotation and translation was better than 0.2° and 0.1 ​mm, respectively. The 10% and 90% percentiles of B<sub>0</sub> measurement error using the navigator were -1.8 and 1.5 Hz at 7 T, respectively. A fast retrospective reconstruction algorithm correcting for both motion and nonlinear B<sub>0</sub> changes was also developed. The navigator and reconstruction algorithm were evaluated in correcting motion-corrupted high-resolution T<sub>2</sub>*-weighted GRE MRI on healthy human subjects at 7 ​T. Excellent image quality was demonstrated with the proposed correction method.
Different TBP-associated factors are required for mediating the stimulation of transcription<i>in vitro</i>by the acidic transactivator GAL-VP16 and the two nonacidic activation functions of the estrogen receptor (1993)

The estrogen receptor (ER) contains two nonacidic transcriptional activation functions, AF-1 and AF-2 (formerly TAF-1 and TAF-2). In this study we show that AF-1 and AF-2 are able to stimulate transcription in vitro in a HeLa cell system when fused to the DNA binding domain of the yeast activator GAL4. We also demonstrate that a factor(s) required for the function of the ER AFs is chromatographically separable from a factor(s) necessary for the activity of the acidic activation domain of VP16. Moreover, immunoprecipitation experiments using a monoclonal antibody directed against the TATA box binding protein (TBP) indicate, that these different factors are associated with TBP in distinct TFIID complexes.
Acute Increase of GABAergic Neurotransmission Exerts a Stimulatory Effect on GnRH Gene Expression in the Preoptic/Anterior Hypothalamic Area of Ovariectomized, Estrogen- and Progesterone-Treated Adult Female Rats (1995)

Although gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to play an important role in the regulation of GnRH release from the hypothalamus, GABAergic action on hypothalamic GnRH gene expression is poorly understood. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of several GABAergic compounds on GnRH mRNA and serum LH levels at the times of LH surge induced by estrogen plus progesterone treatment in long-term ovariectomized adult rats. Animals received either aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, an inhibitor of GABA catabolism, i.p.), muscimol (GABA-A type agonist, i.c.v.) or baclofen (GABA-B type agonist, i.c.v.) 2 h prior to sacrifice. GnRH mRNA in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area and serum LH levels were determined by Northern blot analysis and LH radioimmunoassay, respectively. All of three GABA mimetics blocked the LH surge induced by estrogen plus progesterone in a dose-dependent manner. However, inhibition of GABA catabolism with AOAA in a dose range of 10-100 mg/kg b.w. increased GnRH mRNA level by 30%. Activation of GABA-A receptor with muscimol at a low dose (5 nmol) but not at high doses (10 and 30 nmol) elevated GnRH mRNA levels by 60% over the control value. Activation of GABA-B receptor with baclofen augmented GnRH mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. These observations indicate that acute increase of GABAergic neurotransmission may differentially regulate the release and GnRH gene expression depending on its receptor subtypes.
Characterization of building structures with SAR (2018)

The characterization of building structures plays a role in many fields of application in electrical engineering. For ex-ample, radar engineers who are concerned with through-wall imaging are very interested in the geometric and electro-magnetic properties of a building wall. Distortion in the propagation of the wave through the wall structure leads to pos-sible errors in the location of targets behind the wall. These emerging errors can be compensated in the sensor data once the structure of the wall is known. Furthermore, building managers who are commissioned with the renovation of a res-idential unit can realize adequate insulation systems with the complete information on installed materials, stone types and number of layers. The DLR – Microwaves and Radar Institute – now examines the possibility of using the princi-ples of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to provide high resolution images of wall structures. This paper outlines the first investigations on the problem and measurement results.
Dual-task versus single-task gait rehabilitation after stroke: the protocol of the cognitive-motor synergy multicenter, randomized, controlled superiority trial (SYNCOMOT) (2023)

NCT03009773 . Registered on January 4, 2017.
Method for simultaneously coating a plurality of filaments (2023)

Methods and apparatuses for coating materials, and the products and compositions produced thereby. Substances, such as diamond or diamond-like carbon, are deposited onto materials, such as a filament or a plurality of filaments simultaneously, using one or more cylindrical, inductively coupled, resonator plasma reactors.
Effects of mercury compounds on ovulation and meiotic and mitotic chromosomes in female golden hamsters (1982)

Abstract When female golden hamsters were subcutaneously injected with either CH 3 HgCl or HgCl 2 in doses of 6.4 mg or 12.8 mg Hg/kg body weight, the incidence of chromosome aberrations was slightly increased in bone marrow cells, but not in metaphase II oocytes. In the HgCl 2 ‐treated animals the ovulation was inhibited, although mercury concentrations in ovaries were relatively low. However, in the CH 3 HgCl‐treated groups, despite high concentrations of mercury in ovaries, the ovulation was not affected.
Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men (2020)

This trial could not provide evidence for beneficial additive effects of a single dose of beetroot powder combined with L-arginine on postprandial endothelial function in abdominally obese men.
Artificial and online acquired noise dictionaries for noise robust ASR (2010)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 86540.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
Between MOPs and Semi-MOP: Learning, Planning & Representing Knowledge at Multiple Temporal Scales (1998)

Learning, planning, and representing knowledge at multiple levels of temporal abstraction are key challenges for AI. In this paper we develop an approach to these problems based on the mathematical framework of reinforcement learning and Markov decision processes (MDPs). We extend the usual notion of action to include {\em options\/}---whole courses of behavior that may be temporally extended, stochastic, and contingent on events. Examples of options include picking up an object, going to lunch, and traveling to a distant city, as well as primitive actions such as muscle twitches or joint torques. Options may be given a priori, learned by experience, or both. They may be used interchangably with actions in a variety of planning and learning methods. The theory of semi-Markov decision processes (SMDPs) can be applied to model the consequences of options and to plan and learn with them. In this paper we develop these connections, building on prior work by Bradtke and Duff (1995), Parr (1998) and others. Our main novel results concern the interface between the MDP and SMDP levels of analysis. We show how a set of options can be altered by changing only their termination conditions to improve over SMDP methods with no additional cost. We also introduce {\it intra-option\/} temporal-difference methods that are able to learn from fragments of an option''s execution. Finally, we propose a notion of subgoal which can be used to improve the options themselves. Overall, we argue that options and their models provide hitherto missing aspects of a powerful, clear, and expressive framework for representing and organizing knowledge.
Modern electromagnetic simulation tools applied to On-aircraft Antenna Integration (2012)

Modern civil and military aircraft have an increasing amount of radiofrequency systems and antennas on board. This increasing complexity poses critical design issues related to the integration and compatibility of the referred systems. One of such issues is Antenna Integration. Erroneous sitting of antennas usually results in serious time and cost implications for an aircraft program, hence the importance of incorporating modern and efficient Antenna Integration methodologies from the early stages of the aircraft design. Nowadays, the combination of the most recent numerical electromagnetic methods with the capability of the new supercomputers has made possible to develop a powerful methodology in Airbus Military for On-aircraft Antenna Integration.
Immunohistochemical analysis of lattice corneal dystrophies types I and II. (1993)

Corneal buttons from four patients with lattice corneal dystrophy (LD) type I, thought to be an isolated corneal amyloidosis, and from six patients with LD type II, part of systemic familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF; Meretoja's syndrome), were studied by immunohistochemistry to determine the differential distribution in the amyloid deposits of amyloid P component (AP), mutated gelsolin specific for FAF, and native gelsolin. In both types of LD, antibodies to AP labelled lattice lines and a discontinuous layer of amyloid deposits under Bowman's layer. In LD type II, particularly, they also reacted with streak-like amyloid deposits between corneal almellae, especially in the limbal region. While the anti-FAF antiserum strongly labelled all amyloid deposits in LD type II, it failed to react unequivocally with them in LD type I. Both in LD type I and in two control specimens representing granular dystrophy, the monoclonal antibody (MAb) GS-2C4 to gelsolin faintly labelled some deposits, while in LD type II it reacted non-homogeneously with most amyloid deposits. In all specimens, MAb GS-2C4 labelled corneal epithelial cells and occasional stromal keratocytes and endothelial cells. The results suggest that Meretoja's syndrome, a systemic disease, can be diagnosed even retrospectively from corneal buttons subjected to histopathological study.
Figure S2 from Exposure-Response Analyses of Tremelimumab Monotherapy or in Combination with Durvalumab in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. The effect of covariates, body weight, baseline albumin level, and combination therapy, on tremelimumab exposure metric Cmin1 (PK analysis population)&lt;/p&gt;
Executive Functions and the Ability to Sustain Vigilance During Sleep Loss (2009)

Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that greater prefrontal/executive functioning may be protective against the adverse effects of sleep deprivation and suggest that baseline executive function testing may prove useful for prediction of resilience during sleep loss.
Untersuchungen an 1,3‐Thiazinen, 17. Über die Umsetzung <i>N</i>‐monosubstituierter Dithiocarbamate mit α,β‐ungesättigten Carbonsäurechloriden (1981)

Abstract Bei Umsetzungen N ‐monosubstituierter Dithiocarbamate mit α,β‐ungesättigten Carbonsäurechloriden werden in Abhängigkeit vom Stickstoffsubstituenten des Dithiocarbamats, der Substituenten im Säurechlorid und den Reaktionsbedingungen entweder ausschließlich Thiocarbamid‐säure‐carbonsäure‐thioanhydride 3 oder im Gemisch damit deren Schwefelkohlenstoff‐Eliminierungsprodukte, die Acrylsäureamide 7 , oder nach S/N‐Umacylierung und Cyclisierung die 1,3‐Thiazinderivate 8 erhalten. Als Nebenprodukte treten die Isothiocyanate 5 auf.