gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unexpected Role of Physiological Estrogen in Acute Stress-Induced Memory Deficits (2020)

Stress may promote emotional and cognitive disturbances, which differ by sex. Adverse outcomes, including memory disturbances, are typically observed following chronic stress, but are now being recognized also after short events, including mass shootings, assault, or natural disasters, events that consist of concurrent multiple acute stresses (MAS). Prior work has established profound and enduring effects of MAS on memory in males. Here we examined the effects of MAS on female mice and probed the role of hormonal fluctuations during the estrous cycle on MAS-induced memory problems and the underlying brain network and cellular mechanisms. Female mice were impacted by MAS in an estrous cycle-dependent manner: MAS impaired hippocampus-dependent spatial memory in early-proestrous mice, characterized by high levels of estradiol, whereas memory of mice stressed during estrus (low estradiol) was spared. As spatial memory requires an intact dorsal hippocampal CA1, we examined synaptic integrity in mice stressed at different cycle phases and found a congruence of dendritic spine density and spatial memory deficits, with reduced spine density only in mice stressed during high estradiol cycle phases. Assessing MAS-induced activation of brain networks interconnected with hippocampus, we identified differential estrous cycle-dependent activation of memory- and stress-related regions, including the amygdala. Network analyses of the cross-correlation of <i>fos</i> expression among these regions uncovered functional connectivity that differentiated impaired mice from those not impaired by MAS. In conclusion, the estrous cycle modulates the impact of MAS on spatial memory, and fluctuating physiological levels of sex hormones may contribute to this effect.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:</b> Effects of stress on brain functions, including memory, are profound and sex-dependent. Acute stressors occurring simultaneously result in spatial memory impairments in males, but effects on females are unknown. Here we identified estrous cycle-dependent effects of such stresses on memory in females. Surprisingly, females with higher physiological estradiol experienced stress-induced memory impairment and a loss of underlying synapses. Memory- and stress-responsive brain regions interconnected with hippocampus were differentially activated across high and low estradiol mice, and predicted memory impairment. Thus, at functional, network, and cellular levels, physiological estradiol influences the effects of stress on memory in females, providing insight into mechanisms of prominent sex differences in stress-related memory disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder.
Variance Reduction in SGD by Distributed Importance Sampling (2015)

Humans are able to accelerate their learning by selecting training materials that are the most informative and at the appropriate level of difficulty. We propose a framework for distributing deep learning in which one set of workers search for the most informative examples in parallel while a single worker updates the model on examples selected by importance sampling. This leads the model to update using an unbiased estimate of the gradient which also has minimum variance when the sampling proposal is proportional to the L2-norm of the gradient. We show experimentally that this method reduces gradient variance even in a context where the cost of synchronization across machines cannot be ignored, and where the factors for importance sampling are not updated instantly across the training set.
Effect of polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid on cellular responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic active hepatitis B (1993)

We have investigated in vitro proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and productions of interferon-gamma and soluble interleukin-2 receptors by these cells from 6 patients with chronic active hepatitis B immediately before and 24 hours after a single intravenous injection of 100 mg of polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid. Cell proliferations were assessed by the technique of tritiated-thymidine incorporation and productions of interferon-gamma and soluble interleukin-2 receptors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The administration of polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid to the patients has resulted in significant increases of in vitro proliferations of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as productions of interferon-gamma by these cells. However, in vitro productions of soluble interleukin-2 receptors were not changed significantly. These results suggest that the enhanced cellular responses by polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid might be due to the increased sensitivity rather than the increased expression of cellular interleukin-2 receptor.
Tunable single-frequency ytterbium-sensitized erbium-doped fiber MOPA source with 150 W (51.8 dBm) of output power at 1563 nm (2005)

A single-frequency, single-mode ytterbium-sensitized erbium-doped fiber master-oscillator power-amplifier generated 150 W of continuous-wave output power at 1563 nm with 33% slope efficiency and was tuned in the range of 1546 to 1566 nm at >125 W.
Stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke (2012)

Stem cells have shown a promising role in ischemic stroke, in preclinical studies as well as initial pilot studies. Further studies are needed to assess intravascular cell therapy as a potential adjunct to thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke.
The relationship among the progression of inflammation in umbilical cord, fetal inflammatory response, early-onset neonatal sepsis, and chorioamnionitis (2019)

FIR, EONS and chorioamnionitis continuously increase according to the progression of inflammation in UC among preterm-gestations with inflammation in extraplacental membranes or CP. This finding may suggest that funisitis(inflammation in UC) is both qualitatively and quantitatively histologic-counterpart of FIRS, and a surrogate-marker for chorioamnionitis.
Radical-induced leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium caused by injection of oxidized low density lipoprotein in vivo (1993)

Auf der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Artherioskleroseforschung in Blaubeuren im letzten Jahr wurde von unserer Arbeitsgruppe ein Tiermodell vorgestellt, in dem intravitalmikroskopisch die Adhäsion fluoreszenzmarkierter Leukozyten am mikrovaskulären Endothel eines Hautmuskels als Reaktion auf die intravenöse Injektion oxidativ modifizierter humaner Low Density Lipoproteine (oxLDL) visualisiert werden kann. Um das Modell bzw. die pathogenetische Rolle von oxLDL im Rahmen der Atherogenese weiter zu charakterisieren, wurden drei weitere Fragestellungen experimentell untersucht. Dieses Ergebnis beruht auf der durchflußzytometrisch quantifizierten Rezeptorexpression nach Inkubation von humanem Vollblut mit heterologem oxLDL. Die Vorbehandlung des Vollblutes mit dem membranfluidisierenden Agens N-Butanol verhinderte die oxLDL-induzierte Rezeptorexpressionssteigerung, was auf eine Regulation der Expression von Adhäsionsrezeptoren auf Leukozyten durch die Plasmamembranfluidität hindeutet.
Comparison of Vertebral and Femoral Strength Between White and Asian Adults Using Finite Element Analysis of Computed Tomography Scans (2020)

Given non-optimal testing rates for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the high use of computed tomography (CT) in some Asian countries, biomechanical computed tomography analysis (BCT)-based bone strength testing, which utilizes previously taken clinical CT scans, may improve osteoporosis testing rates. However, an understanding of ethnic differences in such bone strength measurements between Whites and Asians is lacking, which is an obstacle to clinical interpretation. Using previously taken CT and DXA scans, we analyzed bone strength and bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and spine in two sex- and age-matched community-based cohorts, aged 40 to 80 years: Whites (Rochester, MN, USA) and Koreans (Seoul, South Korea). For both the spine and femur, the age dependence of bone strength was similar for both groups, White (n = 371; women n = 202, 54.5%) and Korean (n = 396; women n = 199, 50.3%). For both sexes, mean spine strength did not differ between groups, but femur strength was 9% to 14% higher in Whites (p ≤ 0.001), an effect that became non-significant after weight adjustment (p = 0.375). For Koreans of both sexes, the fragile bone strength thresholds for classifying osteoporosis, when derived from regional DXA BMD T-score references, equaled the clinically validated thresholds for Whites (in women and men, femoral strength, 3000 N and 3500 N; vertebral strength 4500 N and 6500 N, respectively). Using these thresholds, classifications for osteoporosis for Koreans based on bone strength versus based on DXA BMD T-scores were consistent (89.1% to 94.4% agreement) at both the hip and spine and for both sexes. The BCT-based, clinically validated bone strength thresholds for Whites also applied to Koreans, which may facilitate clinical interpretation of CT-based bone strength measurements for Koreans. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
BLOOD PRESSURE PATTERNS IN NORMAL PREGNANCY, GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION, AND PREECLAMPSIA (2000)

Ayala, D. E.; Hermida, R. C.; Mojón, A.; Alonso, I.; Fernández, J. R. Author Information
Prototyping of efficient hardware algorithms for data compression in future communication systems (2002)

Due to the high bandwidth requirements of up to 2 Mbit/s in 3rd-generation mobile communication systems, efficient data compression approaches are necessary to reduce communication and storage costs. The status of recent VLSI technologies promises complete system-on-a-chip (SoC) solutions for both mobile and network-based communication systems, including new compression algorithms based on the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT). The most complex task of the BWT algorithm is its lexicographic sorting of n cyclic rotations of a given string of n characters. This paper discusses the feasibility and VLSI implementation of this scalable BWT architecture in simulating and prototyping its systolic, highly utilized hardware structure with Virtex FPGAs.
Hypergraph based three-dimensional matching in wireless distributed storage over D2D links (2016)

This work investigates content sharing in cellular device-to-device underlay based wireless distributed storage systems by exploiting an (n, k, d) distributed content coding scheme. To guarantee that content requesters (CRs) can rely on enough eligible content helpers (CHs) for content download, the selection of CH5 and the determination of the coding parameter k are optimized by evaluating the physical conditions of mobile users and analyzing the outage probability of data transmission. Targeting the minimization of the overall transmission cost, the assignment of CHs for each CR and spectrum allocation for each CH-CR link, are jointly formulated as a three-dimensional matching problem, and are optimized by using a hierarchical bipartite matching algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate clear performance advantages of our proposed scheme.
Expert Elicitation on Wind Farm Control (2020)

Abstract Wind farm control is an active and growing field of research in which the control actions of individual turbines in a farm are coordinated, accounting for inter-turbine aerodynamic interaction, to improve the overall performance of the wind farm and to reduce costs. The primary objectives of wind farm control include increasing power production, reducing turbine loads, and providing electricity grid support services. Additional objectives include improving reliability or reducing external impacts to the environment and communities. In 2019, a European research project (FarmConners) was started with the main goal of providing an overview of the state-of-the-art in wind farm control, identifying consensus of research findings, data sets, and best practices, providing a summary of the main research challenges, and establishing a roadmap on how to address these challenges. Complementary to the FarmConners project, an IEA Wind Topical Expert Meeting (TEM) and two rounds of surveys among experts were performed. From these events we can clearly identify an interest in more public validation campaigns. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the mechanical loads and the uncertainties concerning the effectiveness of wind farm control are considered two major research gaps.
IRON magnetic resonance: a robust technique for angiography providing high blood-to-tissue contrast within the clinically approved dosage of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (2011)

Conventional MR angiography (MRA) exploits the property of exogenous contrast agents to shorten the T1 relaxation time. However, undesirable signal from surrounding tissue due to T1 recovery remains. IRON MRA is a promising off-resonance imaging technique, and provides in conjunction with superparamagnetic nanoparticles high intravascular contrast between the blood-pool and background tissue without need for image subtraction while T1 recovery of the surrounding tissue is no longer a problem.
<i>Hammondia hammondi</i> , an avirulent relative of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> , has functional orthologs of known <i>T. gondii</i> virulence genes (2013)

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Its closest extant relative, Hammondia hammondi, has never been found to infect humans and, in contrast to T. gondii, is highly attenuated in mice. To better understand the genetic bases for these phenotypic differences, we sequenced the genome of a H. hammondi isolate (HhCatGer041) and found the genomic synteny between H. hammondi and T. gondii to be >95%. We used this genome to determine the H. hammondi primary sequence of two major T. gondii mouse virulence genes, TgROP5 and TgROP18. When we expressed these genes in T. gondii, we found that H. hammondi orthologs of TgROP5 and TgROP18 were functional. Similar to T. gondii, the HhROP5 locus is expanded, and two distinct HhROP5 paralogs increased the virulence of a T. gondii TgROP5 knockout strain. We also identified a 107 base pair promoter region, absent only in type III TgROP18, which is necessary for TgROP18 expression. This result indicates that the ROP18 promoter was active in the most recent common ancestor of these two species and that it was subsequently inactivated in progenitors of the type III lineage. Overall, these data suggest that the virulence differences between these species are not solely due to the functionality of these key virulence factors. This study provides evidence that other mechanisms, such as differences in gene expression or the lack of currently uncharacterized virulence factors, may underlie the phenotypic differences between these species.
Impact of the effective refractive index in AlGaN-based mid-UV laser structures on waveguiding (2020)

Abstract The effective refractive index in optically-pumped 265 nm AlGaN-based lasers is assessed from the spacing of the longitudinal cavity modes in short laser cavities. It is found that the effective refractive index is significantly higher than the value estimated from the Sellmeier equation ( n = 2.5) and reaches values of 2.9 and 3.2 for structures with 3 and 15 quantum wells, respectively. These results indicate that the Sellmeier equation underestimates the effective refractive index in AlGaN-based laser structures and that a different approach is needed for successful mid-UV laser modeling and design.
Optimizing Thermal-Optical Methods for Measuring Atmospheric Elemental (Black) Carbon: A Response Surface Study (2003)

The chemical, physical, and morphological complexity of atmospheric aerosol elemental carbon (EC) presents major problems in assuring measurement accuracy. Since EC and black carbon are often considered equivalent, methods based on thermal-optical analysis (TOA) are widely used for EC in ambient air samples because no prior knowledge of the aerosol's absorption coefficient is required. Nevertheless, different TOA thermal desorption protocols result in wide EC-to-total-carbon (TC) variation. We created three response surfaces with the following response variables: EC/TC, maximum laser attenuation in the He phase ( L max ), and laser attenuation at the end of the He phase ( L He4 ). A two-level central-composite factorial design comprised of four factors considered the temperatures and durations of all desorption steps in TOA's inert (He) phase and the initial step in TOA's oxidizing (O 2 -He) phase. L max was used to assess the positive bias caused by nonvolatile unpyrolized organic carbon (OC char) being measured as native EC. A negative bias that the attenuated laser response does not detect is caused by the loss of native EC in the He phase. L He4 was used as a surrogate indicator for the loss of native EC in the He phase. The intersection between the L max and L He4 surfaces revealed TOA conditions where both the production of OC char in the He phase was maximized and the loss of native EC in the He phase was minimized, therefore leading to an optimized thermal desorption protocol. Based on the sample types used in this study, the following are generalized optimal conditions when TOA is operated in the fixed-step-durations, laser-transmission mode (i.e., TOT): step 1 in He, 190°C for 60 s; step 2 in He, 365°C for 60 s; step 3 in He, 610°C for 60 s; step 4 in He, 835°C for 72 s. For steps 1-4 in O 2 -He, the conditions are 550°C for 180 s, 700°C for 60 s, 850°C for 60 s, and 900°C for 90 s to 120 s, respectively.
The CRC Plotting Package (1984)

The CRC Plotting Package is a device independent graphics system. Subroutines for generating graphics exist for programs written in FORTRAN or C. A program called Qplot exists to plot binary vectors generated as the output of any program.
Acquiring and Learning User Information in the Context of Cognitive Device Management (2009)

One of the key features of emerging and future wireless systems is the continuous increase in the number and diversity of available radio access technologies. A great number of research efforts in the past decade have focused on ways to more efficiently exploit the various wireless access technologies. Among the recent trends in this direction are cognitive wireless networks and systems, targeting to tackle the complexity of the diversified radio environment. Eventually, the goal of these evolving systems is to provide personalised services to users at any time, at any place. Clearly in order to really improve the experience of all users, even technology agnostic ones, functionality is required, on both the network and the user-device side, for providing the "always best connection" in a transparent manner. This paper focuses on mechanisms for acquiring and learning information on user preferences, requirements and constraints as part of a cognitive device management system that enables optimal device configuration taking into account in addition to user requirements, environment characteristics and experience established through learning mechanisms. In this context, the paper presents a scheme for learning and estimating user preferences based on Bayesian networks.
Interleukin 11 (1994)

IL-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine originally isolated from a bone marrow stromal cell line. It has been shown to share many activities with IL-6, namely to stimulate T cell-dependent B cell maturation, megakaryopoiesis and various stages of myeloid differentiation, but to inhibit adipogenesis. However, the activity of IL-11 on different stages of erythropoiesis in vitro clearly sets it apart form IL-6. IL-11 has little hematopoietic colony stimulatory activity of its own although it sustains terminal differentiation of the late erythroid progenitors CFU-E. In combination with IL-3, IL-11 has profound stimulatory effects on early multipotent hematopoietic progenitors (pre-CFCmulti), on multilineage colony-forming cells (CFCmulti), as well as on erythroid progenitors. The combination of IL-11 with the ligand for c-kit (KL) preferentially acts on early cells since it promotes the multiplication of pre-CFCmulti and stimulates highly proliferative erythroid progenitors that yields remarkable macroscopic erythroblast colonies in culture. The synergistic activity of IL-11 and KL, two stromal factors present in the bone marrow microenvironment, points to a pivotal role of IL-11 in early hematopoiesis. In vivo administration of recombinant human IL-11 elevates the number of circulating neutrophils and platelets and increased megakaryopoiesis in normal mice and primates.
Scanning Micromirror Platform Based on MEMS Technology for Medical Application (2016)

This topical review discusses recent development and trends on scanning micromirrors for biomedical applications. This also includes a biomedical micro robot for precise manipulations in a limited volume. The characteristics of medical scanning micromirror are explained in general with the fundamental of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for fabrication processes. Along with the explanations of mechanism and design, the principle of actuation are provided for general readers. In this review, several testing methodology and examples are described based on many types of actuators, such as, electrothermal actuators, electrostatic actuators, electromagnetic actuators, pneumatic actuators, and shape memory alloy. Moreover, this review provides description of the key fabrication processes and common materials in order to be a basic guideline for selecting micro-actuators. With recent developments on scanning micromirrors, performances of biomedical application are enhanced for higher resolution, high accuracy, and high dexterity. With further developments on integrations and control schemes, MEMS-based scanning micromirrors would be able to achieve a better performance for medical applications due to small size, ease in microfabrication, mass production, high scanning speed, low power consumption, mechanical stable, and integration compatibility.
Observation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>Meson Decay to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msubsup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1260</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>∓</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> (2006)

We present a measurement of the branching fraction of the decay B(0)-->a1 (+/)(1260)pi(/+) with a1 (+/)(1260)-->pi(/+)pi(+/)pi(+/). The data sample corresponds to 218 x 10(6) BB[over ] pairs produced in e+e- annihilation through the Upsilon(4S) resonance. We measure the branching fraction Beta(B(0)-->a1(+/)(1260)pi(/+))Beta(a1(+/)(1260)-->pi(/+)pi(+/)pi(+/)) = (16.6+/1.9+/1.5) x 10(-6), where the first error quoted is statistical and the second is systematic.