gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Redox Potential of Aqua Regia and Temperature on the Au, Cu, and Fe Dissolution from WPCBs (2017)

Constant growth in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) levels necessitates the development of new, commercially viable recycling processes. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are a sub-group of WEEE that are of increasing interest due to their relatively high level of valuable metal content including Au, Ag, and platinum group metals (PGMs). Currently, precious metals like gold are mainly recycled from WEEE streams through copper smelting/refining; however, the possibility to peel gold from WPCBs prior to smelting, could offer advantages for recycling. In this study, the suitability of aqua regia for selective or partially selective gold leaching from un-crushed WPCBs was investigated. The redox potential of aqua regia solutions and the dissolution efficiencies of Au, Cu, and Fe from WPCBs were investigated at different temperatures (40–80 °C) and concentrations (2–32%) in batch leaching tests. The redox potential of aqua regia solution was found to depend on concentration and temperature. It is suggested that Au dissolution in aqua regia requires dissolved Cu2+ ions originating from the WPCB material to work. Au extraction (&gt;50%) was shown to require a redox potential &gt;700 mV with [Cu2+] &gt; 2500 ppm, as a potential &gt;850 mV alone was insufficient without cupric ions. Significant amounts of Au and Cu could be dissolved with only minor Fe dissolution at ≥8% aqua regia at 80 °C. Results suggest that leaching of uncrushed WPCBs in 8% aqua regia (T = 80 °C) can provide the opportunity for partial Au recovery prior to further processing.
We study the physical conditions for balloon-borne radiometric sounding o) the humidity height profile in the 3-ram atmospheric transparency window, an unusual spectra~ band for such prob- lems, using a balloon drifting in the tropopause. We solve the inverse problem and discuss the accuracy of reconstruction of the humidity profiles. (2000)

We consider theoretically specific features of the airborne remote sensing of humidity height distributions based on measuring the thermal radio emission in the atmospheric transparency window at wavelengths of ), ~ 3 mm onboard a vehicle with limited elevation (with the exmnple of a balloon). The physical basis of the radiometric humidity monitoring in the millimeter transparency window (A ,~ 3 mm) is a significant atmospheric influence on the parameters of thermal radio emi~ion in this band. The molecular absorption coefficient of electromagnetic radiation is about 0.3 dB km-1 under normal conditions at sea level. This is even slightly higher (see, e.g., [3]) than in the water-vapor line A = 1.35 cm, which is usually employed for
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Welwitindolinone A (I) and Fischerindoles I (II) and G (III). (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High-Field <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR Spectroscopic Study of the 2-Norbornyl Cation<sup>1a</sup> (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT High-Field 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopic Study of the 2-Norbornyl Cation1aGeorge A. Olah, G. K. Surya Prakash, Massoud Arvanaghi, and Frank A. L. AnetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 25, 7105–7108Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00389a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00389a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views566Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Resolution Digital Radiography Utilizing CCD Planar Array (1988)

Two different prototype high resolution digital x-ray radiographic imaging systems employing planar array charge-coupled device detectors have been constructed. Both proto-type imaging units have an ultimate resolution capability of at least 10 line pairs/mm. Each system employs a standard 20 x 30 cm x-ray intensifying phosphor screen as the input receptor. One unit operates as a scanning system utilizing a specially manufactured planar array (244 x 380 elements) operating in a time delay and integration mode (TDI). The other system employs a static array (640 x 1024 15 micron square pixels) operating in &quot;snapshot&quot; read out mode. Our studies utilizing these devices with standard clinical radiation exposures have shown a significant improvement in the visualization of low contrast objects in radiographic phantoms and both units have an ultimate resolution capability of at least 10 line pairs/mm.
Free energy perturbation calculations involving potential function changes (1992)

Abstract The solvation free energies of thymine and adenine were calculated using free energy methods to examine the effect of applying Lennard–Jones 6‐12 and 10‐12 perturbations to the hydrogen‐bonding groups. The calculations were performed using a new free energy algorithm developed for the AMBER 4.0 program package that allows an interaction described by a Lennard–Jones 6‐12 potential to be changed into one described by a hydrogen bond 10‐12 potential. The algorithm applied allows this change to occur smoothly without the generation of more extrema on the potential surface. Results using this algorithm have been compared with those determined using the standard AMBER 3.0 Revision A program package, which provides for 6‐12 to 6‐12 parameter perturbations only. We have also developed a procedure to perform pyrimidine to purine nucleoside mutations to calculate the relative free energies of solvation directly. The theoretical results are compared to experimental energies derived from solvation and vaporization data taken from the literature. The free energies calculated using the new algorithm show good agreement with the derived experimental values. This is also true for the calculations that employ the 6‐12 function only, but with 6‐12 parameters modified to reflect the correct hydrogen‐bonding interactions. However, perturbation of the “standard” 6‐12 parameters without changing the functional form proves to be less effective in determining solvation free energies correctly, and demonstrates the importance of accurate hydrogen bond descriptions in free energy simulations.
Ab initio structure determination of interlayer expanded zeolites by single crystal rotation electron diffraction (2014)

Layered solids often form thin plate-like crystals that are too small to be studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Although powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is the conventional method for studying such solids, it has limitations because of peak broadening and peak overlapping. We have recently developed a software-based rotation electron diffraction (RED) method for automated collection and processing of 3D electron diffraction data. Here we demonstrate the ab initio structure determination of two interlayer expanded zeolites, the microporous silicates COE-3 and COE-4 (COE-n stands for International Network of Centers of Excellence-n), from submicron-sized crystals by the RED method. COE-3 and COE-4 are built of ferrierite-type layers pillared by (-O-Si(CH3)2-O-) and (-O-Si(OH)2-O-) linker groups, respectively. The structures contain 2D intersecting 10-ring channels running parallel to the ferrierite layers. Because both COE-3 and COE-4 are electron-beam sensitive, a combination of RED datasets from 2 to 3 different crystals was needed for the structure solution and subsequent structure refinement. The structures were further refined by Rietveld refinement against the PXRD data. The structure models obtained from RED and PXRD were compared.
Genome-Wide Binding Analyses of HOXB1 Revealed a Novel DNA Binding Motif Associated with Gene Repression (2021)

Knowledge of the diverse DNA binding specificities of transcription factors is important for understanding their specific regulatory functions in animal development and evolution. We have examined the genome-wide binding properties of the mouse HOXB1 protein in embryonic stem cells differentiated into neural fates. Unexpectedly, only a small number of HOXB1 bound regions (7%) correlate with binding of the known HOX cofactors PBX and MEIS. In contrast, 22% of the HOXB1 binding peaks display co-occupancy with the transcriptional repressor REST. Analyses revealed that co-binding of HOXB1 with PBX correlates with active histone marks and high levels of expression, while co-occupancy with REST correlates with repressive histone marks and repression of the target genes. Analysis of HOXB1 bound regions uncovered enrichment of a novel 15 base pair HOXB1 binding motif <i>HB1RE</i> (HOXB1 response element). In vitro template binding assays showed that HOXB1, PBX1, and MEIS can bind to this motif. In vivo, this motif is sufficient for direct expression of a reporter gene and over-expression of HOXB1 selectively represses this activity. Our analyses suggest that HOXB1 has evolved an association with REST in gene regulation and the novel <i>HB1RE</i> motif contributes to HOXB1 function in part through a repressive role in gene expression.
Clinical progress of selective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (2006)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are cellular proteins that control cell proliferation Due to their central role in controlling cell growth and to their dysregulation in many cancers, CDKs have become an important molecular target for oncology drug development programs. The clinical progress of the first-generation compound alvocidib and three second-generation inhibitors (SNS-032, seliciclib and Ro-4584820) is reviewed here. In order to fully evaluate the clinical utility of these agents, dosing schedules and routes of administration continue to be optimized with the goals of minimizing toxicities and maximizing exposure. To date, single-agent phase II efficacy trials in cancer patients using alvocidib have been disappointing, possibly due to dosing limitations resulting from competing toxicities. Recent clinical results, however, indicate that alvocidib may still find niche utilities as single-agent therapy employing finely tailored dosing schedules for particularly susceptible cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Evaluation of second-generation compounds with greater potency, reduced toxicity and oral activity is continuing in single-agent trials. Clinical applications for combinations with other cytotoxic agents are also being pursued for both alvocidib and the second-generation agents. The clinical role of these agents continues to be explored, although the general clinical validation of the target in cancer therapy is possibly still several years away. In fact, these agents are more likely to be used clinically in combination with other cytotoxic agents than as stand-alone therapy.
Alanine Aminotransferase Elevation during Peginterferon Alpha-2a or Alpha-2b plus Ribavirin Treatment (2013)

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation was occassionally observed during the treatment with combination peginterferon alpha plus ribavirin. Two forms of peginterferon are currently available as a standard of care with or without direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Until the appearance of interferon-sparing regimen, peginterferon alpha plus ribavirin will play a central role in the eradication of HCV. In the present study, we compared ALT elevations in response to peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin or peginterferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin in HCV genotype-1-infected patients. There were no significant differences in ALT elevations between treatments with the two peginterferons, but in a comparison of the proportions of patients with transient ALT elevation from baseline between the two groups, transient ALT elevation was observed more in sustained virological response (SVR) patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2a than with peginterferon alpha-2b. However, no patients discontinued treatment due to ALT elevation. Patients with transient ALT elevation from baseline during the treatment had less favorable IL28B rs8099917 genotype in the peginterferon alpha-2b group. Patients achieving SVR tended to have lower ALT levels, although some had persistent ALT elevation during treatment. In conclusion, clinicians should pay attention to possible ALT elevation during the treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients.
Continuous Multistep Encapsulation Process for the Generation of Multiple Emulsions (2020)

Abstract Multiple emulsions (ME) are of interest as carrier of active ingredients that can be released in a controlled way. ME are thermodynamically unstable with a strong tendency to coalesce or flocculate, resulting in a complex emulsion generation and stabilization process. Typical encapsulation procedures utilize individual batch operation steps for the ME production. In this work, a multistep membrane encapsulation process is proposed to allow the generation of ME in a continuous shear‐sensitive processing through different membrane stages. The stages combine the premix generation, followed by the internal phase production, and the final ME encapsulation step. For each step, a tailored membrane with different surface properties is used and combined into the continuous process.
Lossless Separation of Web Pages into Layout Code and Data (2016)

A modern web page is often served by running layout code on data, producing an HTML document that enhances the data with front/back matters and layout/style operations. In this paper, we consider the opposite task: separating a given web page into a data component and a layout program. This separation has various important applications: page encoding may be significantly more compact (reducing web traffic), data representation is normalized across web designs (facilitating wrapping, retrieval and extraction), and repetitions are diminished (expediting site updates and redesign).
Diagnosis of gastric epithelial neoplasia: Dilemma for Korean pathologists (2011)

The histopathological diagnosis of gastric mucosal biopsy and endoscopic mucosal resection/endoscopic submucosal dissection specimens is important, but the diagnostic criteria, terminology, and grading system are not the same in the East and West. A structurally invasive focus is necessary to diagnose carcinoma for most Western pathologists, but Japanese pathologists make a diagnosis of cancer based on severe dysplastic cytologic atypia irrespective of the presence of invasion. Although the Vienna classification was introduced to reduce diagnostic discrepancies, it has been difficult to adopt due to different concepts for gastric epithelial neoplastic lesions. Korean pathologists experience much difficulty making a diagnosis because we are influenced by Japanese pathologists as well as Western medicine. Japan is geographically close to Korea, and academic exchanges are active. Additionally, Korean doctors are familiar with Western style medical terminology. As a result, the terminology, definitions, and diagnostic criteria for gastric intraepithelial neoplasia are very heterogeneous in Korea. To solve this problem, the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists has made an effort and has suggested guidelines for differential diagnosis: (1) a diagnosis of carcinoma is based on invasion; (2) the most important characteristic of low grade dysplasia is the architectural pattern such as regular distribution of crypts without severe branching, budding, or marked glandular crowding; (3) if nuclear pseudostratification occupies more than the basal half of the cryptal cells in three or more adjacent crypts, the lesion is considered high grade dysplasia; (4) if severe cytologic atypia is present, careful inspection for invasive foci is necessary, because the risk for invasion is very high; and (5) other structural or nuclear atypia should be evaluated to make a final decision such as cribriform pattern, papillae, ridges, vesicular nuclei, high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, loss of nuclear polarity, thick and irregular nuclear membrane, and nucleoli.
Variable expressivity of FGF3 mutations associated with deafness and LAMM syndrome (2011)

We noted a less prominent dental and external ear phenotype in association with the homozygous p.R95W. Therefore, we conclude that the manifestations of recessive FGF3 mutations range from fully penetrant LAMM syndrome to deafness with residual inner ear structures and, by extension, with minimal syndromic features, an observation with implications for cochlear implantation candidacy.
High rejection bandpass optical filters based on sub-wavelength metal patch arrays (2011)

We report the study of a resonant bandpass filter made of a very thin subwavelength metal patch array coupled to a high index dielectric waveguide. The spectral properties of those filters can easily be tuned by playing on the lateral dimensions of the grating. They exhibit high and narrow transmission peaks together with very good rejection of light out of the pass-band and low angular dependance. An experimental demonstration using standard large scale silicon microelectronics processes is presented in the mid infrared spectral range. This concept of filters can easily be scaled throughout the optical spectrum, and can be integrated within focal plane arrays of various imaging technologies, down to visible wavelengths.
Supplemental Figure S1 from Multimodality Treatment of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: Chemotherapy and Complete Cytoreductive Surgery Improve Patient Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Response for front-line chemotherapy&lt;/p&gt;
Tissue-specific downregulation of fatty acid synthase sup-presses intestinal adenoma formation via coordinated repro-graming of transcriptome and metabolism in the mouse model of Apc-driven colorectal cancer (2022)

<strong>Figure S1</strong>: Characterization of transgenic mouse models; <strong>Figure S2</strong>: Triglyceride levels in tissue and plasma from transgenic mice; <strong>Figure S3</strong>: Heterozygous and homozygous deletion of FASN in Apc/Cre mice is associated with an increase in citrate synthase expression; <strong>Table S1A</strong>: Samples for RNA-Seq analysis and RNA-Seq coverage summary; <strong>Table S1B</strong>: Complete report for RNA-Seq analysis; <strong>Table S1C</strong>: Transcriptome changes in <strong>(1) </strong>FASN<sup>D/-</sup>/Apc/Cre vs Apc/Cre mice and <strong>(2) </strong>FASN<sup>D/D</sup>/Apc/Cre vs Apc/Cre mice; <strong>Table S1D</strong>: Gene set enrichment analysis for <strong>(1) </strong>Apc/Cre vs FASN<sup>+/</sup><sup>D</sup>/Apc/Cre (negative), <strong>(2) </strong>Apc/Cre vs FASN<sup>+/D</sup>/Apc/Cre (positive), <strong>(3)</strong> Apc/Cre vs FASN<sup>D/D</sup>/Apc/Cre mice (negative), and <strong>(4)</strong> Apc/Cre vs FASN<sup>D/D</sup>/Apc/Cre mice (positive); <strong>Table S2</strong>: Lipid analysis for <strong>(A) </strong>Diglycerides (DAGs) in mouse adenomas, <strong>(B) </strong>Free fatty acids (FFAs) in plasma, (C) Free fatty acids (FFAs) in mouse adenomas, and (D) Sphingolipids in mouse adenomas; <strong>Table S3</strong>: RPPA analysis of metabolic enzymes. <strong>Uncut gels.</strong>
A high-throughput drug screen reveals means to differentiate triple-negative breast cancer (2022)

Plasticity delineates cancer subtypes with more or less favourable outcomes. In breast cancer, the subtype triple-negative lacks expression of major differentiation markers, e.g., estrogen receptor α (ERα), and its high cellular plasticity results in greater aggressiveness and poorer prognosis than other subtypes. Whether plasticity itself represents a potential vulnerability of cancer cells is not clear. However, we show here that cancer cell plasticity can be exploited to differentiate triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using a high-throughput imaging-based reporter drug screen with 9 501 compounds, we have identified three polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors as major inducers of ERα protein expression and downstream activity in TNBC cells. PLK1 inhibition upregulates a cell differentiation program characterized by increased DNA damage, mitotic arrest, and ultimately cell death. Furthermore, cells surviving PLK1 inhibition have decreased tumorigenic potential, and targeting PLK1 in already established tumours reduces tumour growth both in cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models. In addition, the upregulation of genes upon PLK1 inhibition correlates with their expression in normal breast tissue and with better overall survival in breast cancer patients. Our results indicate that differentiation therapy based on PLK1 inhibition is a potential alternative strategy to treat TNBC.
An excellent weight-updating-linearity EEPROM synapse memory cell for self-learning Neuron-MOS neural networks (1995)

A new synapse memory cell employing floating-gate EEPROM technology has been developed which is characterized by an excellent weight-updating linearity under the constant-pulse programming. Such a feature has been realized for the first time by employing a simple self-feedback regime in each cell circuitry. The potential of the floating gate is set to the tunneling electrode by the source follower action of the built-in cell circuitry, thus assuring a constant electric field strength in the tunnel oxide at each programming cycle independent of the stored charge in the floating gate. The synapse cell is composed of only seven transistors and inherits all the advanced features of the original six-transistor cell, such as the standby-power free and dual polarity characteristics. In addition, by optimizing the intra-cell coupling capacitance ratios, the acceleration effect in updating the weight has also been accomplished. All these features make the new synapse cell fully compatible with the hardware learning architecture of the Neuron-MOS neural network. The new synapse cell concept has been verified by experiments using test circuits fabricated by a double-polysilicon CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ECG left ventricular hypertrophy is a stronger risk factor for incident cardiovascular events in women than in men in the general population (2015)

Sex affects both the prevalence rates and prognostic values of ECG LVH criteria in the general population, while showing higher prognostic value of ECG LVH in women than in men. For clinical use, the composite of the Sokolow-Lyon voltage and the Cornell voltage seems to be a good option.