gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rationale for the clinical use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 patients (2020)

In late 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, capital city of Hubei province in China. Cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection quickly grew by several thousand per day. Less than 100 days later, the World Health Organization declared that the rapidly spreading viral outbreak had become a global pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is typically associated with fever and respiratory symptoms. It often progresses to severe respiratory distress and multi-organ failure which carry a high mortality rate. Older patients or those with medical comorbidities are at greater risk for severe disease. Inflammation, pulmonary edema and an over-reactive immune response can lead to hypoxia, respiratory distress and lung damage. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess potent and broad-ranging immunomodulatory activities. Multiple in vivo studies in animal models and ex vivo human lung models have demonstrated the MSC's impressive capacity to inhibit lung damage, reduce inflammation, dampen immune responses and aid with alveolar fluid clearance. Additionally, MSCs produce molecules that are antimicrobial and reduce pain. Upon administration by the intravenous route, the cells travel directly to the lungs where the majority are sequestered, a great benefit for the treatment of pulmonary disease. The in vivo safety of local and intravenous administration of MSCs has been demonstrated in multiple human clinical trials, including studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recently, the application of MSCs in the context of ongoing COVID-19 disease and other viral respiratory illnesses has demonstrated reduced patient mortality and, in some cases, improved long-term pulmonary function. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC), an abundant type of MSC, are proposed as a therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19 in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Additionally, when proven to be safe and effective, ASC treatments may reduce the demand on critical hospital resources. The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in significant healthcare and socioeconomic burdens across the globe. There is a desperate need for safe and effective treatments. Cellular based therapies hold great promise for the treatment of COVID-19. This literature summary reviews the scientific rationale and need for clinical studies of adipose-derived stem cells and other types of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of patients who suffer with COVID-19.
Organ Motion Effects in Medical CT Imaging Applications (2017)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) was developed in the 1960s and early 1970s as a method of producing transverse tomographic (cross-sectional) images of the human body. Images are calculated from a large number of measurements made of X-ray transmission through the body within a specified plane. Several methods of reconstructing CT images have been proposed and described by many authors, including iterative algebraic techniques, the direct Fourier transform technique, and convolution-backprojection. 3-D reconstructions have been used to assist in distinguishing motion artifacts from physical dissections in the descending aorta. Most methods require a simple model of organ motion, such as a translational, rotational, or linear expansion. The problem of motion artifacts has been addressed in other types of real-time imaging systems such as radar satellites and sonars. It was found that application of synthetic aperture processing increases the resolution of a phased array imaging system as well as corrects for the effects of motion.
Characteristics of vasculogenic mimicry and tumour to endothelial transdifferentiation in human glioblastoma: a systematic review (2023)

Cells derived from tumour to endothelial transdifferentiation express typical endothelial markers including CD34 and CD31, while tumour cells contributing to VM lack CD34 and CD31 expression. Additional tumour markers are required to identify transdifferentiation in glioblastoma tissue, and this process requires further characterisation.
Optimization Techniques in Computer Vision: Ill-Posed Problems and Regularization (2016)

This book presents practical optimization techniques used in image processing and computer vision problems. Ill-posed problems are introduced and used as examples to show how each type of problem is related to typical image processing and computer vision problems. Unconstrained optimization gives the best solution based on numerical minimization of a single, scalar-valued objective function or cost function. Unconstrained optimization problems have been intensively studied, and many algorithms and tools have been developed to solve them. Most practical optimization problems, however, arise with a set of constraints. Typical examples of constraints include: (i) pre-specified pixel intensity range, (ii) smoothness or correlation with neighboring information, (iii) existence on a certain contour of lines or curves, and (iv) given statistical or spectral characteristics of the solution. Regularized optimization is a special method used to solve a class of constrained optimization problems. The term regularization refers to the transformation of an objective function with constraints into a different objective function, automatically reflecting constraints in the unconstrained minimization process. Because of its simplicity and efficiency, regularized optimization has many application areas, such as image restoration, image reconstruction, optical flow estimation, etc. Optimization plays a major role in a wide variety of theories for image processing and computer vision. Various optimization techniques are used at different levels for these problems, and this volume summarizes and explains these techniques as applied to image processing and computer vision.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Evidence for Efficacy of New Hsp90 Inhibitors Revealed by &lt;i&gt;Ex Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Culture of Human Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 381KB, Representative images from live cell imaging of PC-3 prostate cancer cells cultured in medium containing vehicle, AUY922 or HSP990 for 24 hours using the Incucyte� Plus (Bucher Biotech, Basel Switzerland). Bar = 30�m.&lt;/p&gt;
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Simultaneous identification of multiple protein targets by using complementary-DNA phage display and a natural-product-mimetic probe. (2004)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Simultaneous identification of multiple protein targets by using complementary-DNA phage display and a natural-product-mimetic probe.
lots of Narratives over Tem oral Databases (1997)

An operation-based notion of plots of narratives is introduced, to summarize events happening to objects in the temporal database of an information system. The method proposed for modelling and handling plots, involving the application of a Plan-recognition and Plangeneration facility, is shown to be useful for various purposes, including problem-detection and decision support. An interdisciplinary approach is adopted, utilizing results from studies on literary theories.
First Trials for a Microwave Reflectometric Tool to Survey Decay in Historic Timber Structures (2015)

Timber structures can be degraded during their life both by structural problems and by biological degradation factors like fungi, and insects. The occurrence of those biodegradation agents could lead to a loss of their structural integrity, in the absence of appropriate maintenance. An early assessment of the decay is even more important when the wooden structures are part of historical buildings, in the interest of conservation of cultural heritage. This work presents an application of microwave reflectometry for the in situ evaluation of timber structures. The measurement system allows detecting anomalies inside the material in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner. The reflection coefficient is measured by means of a vector network analyzer (VNA) using a double-ridge antenna, which transmits the continuous-wave microwave signal and receives the signal reflected by the material under investigation. Measurements on laboratory models demonstrated the feasibility of the method. Results obtained on timber beam sections, compared with the findings of traditional investigation methodologies, demonstrate the potentiality of microwave reflectometry, suggesting its possible usefulness during the diagnostic phase as a non-invasive tool for preliminary screening.
Electrochromic counter electrode (2023)

The present invention discloses an amorphous material comprising nickel oxide doped with tantalum that is an anodically coloring electrochromic material. The material of the present invention is prepared in the form of an electrode (200) having a thin film (202) of an electrochromic material of the present invention residing on a transparent conductive film (203). The material of the present invention is also incorporated into an electrochromic device (100) as a thin film (102) in conjunction with a cathodically coloring prior art electrochromic material layer (104) such that the devices contain both anodically coloring (102) and cathodically coloring (104) layers. The materials of the electrochromic layers in these devices exhibit broadband optical complimentary behavior, ionic species complimentary behavior, and coloration efficiency complimentary behavior in their operation.
High Gain Readout Interface Circuit for Hall Sensors for Low Power Applications (2022)

A readout interface circuit for Hall-effect sensors is provided with the capability to provide high gain while simultaneously removing offset from the sensor as well as the OpAmps. The technique used is the modified version of chopper stabilization and current spinning. Using a high pass filter as the first stage after current spinning allows the elimination of Hall offset at an early stage and hence higher amplification of the desired signal (Hall voltage). Another filtration stage after demodulation removes the offset of the OpAmps. This readout interface circuit demonstrates an improved approach to eliminate the Hall sensor offset from the output signal. It also solves the limitation of high gain that conventional readouts impose. The measured gain of the readout interface circuit is 120 V/V, providing a 3-dB bandwidth of 100 kHz.
THERAPIES DIRECTED AT THE BASIC DEFECT IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS (1998)

There are over 600 unique mutations in the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene that can be classified in five general categories with respect to specific defect. Through basic research into the genetic and physiologic consequences of these mutations, it has become possible to design genotype-specific therapeutic strategies. New pharmaceutical agents are under development for the rescue of defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA or protein. Some of these compounds are undergoing study in CF patients in Phase I clinical trials. This article evaluates the current research directed at translating a basic molecular understanding of the disease into innovative new treatments.
Wellbore Stability Model for Marine Sediments Containing Gas Hydrates (2005)

Predicting wellbore stability in shallow marine sediments can be a challenge if natural gas hydrates are present in the formation. Elevated wellbore temperatures during drilling can cause gas hydrates to dissociate, thereby significantly altering the mechanical properties of the sediments. This paper describes a prototype mechanical wellbore stability model (HYDRAPLASTIC ©), which was developed as part of the Gulf of Mexico Joint Industry Participation Agreement (JIP), sponsored by industry and the U.S. Department of Energy. The model uses an elastoplastic Mohr-Coulomb formulation to predict shear failure. Assuming a planestrain axisymmetric configuration, it calculates the mudweight window representing the zone of mechanical stability of wellbores in sediments containing gas hydrates. The code was benchmarked against a standard finite-element code (ABAQUS TM ) and includes a user-friendly GUI interface. In order to account for the thermal sensitivity of hydrates, temperature modeling was conducted to determine the conditions for hydrate dissociation during drilling. This involved applying models to calculate the thermal properties of sediments containing gas hydrates. It was found that the circulation rate was a most critical factor in controlling hydrate stability. The overall influence of circulation rate and sediment salinity upon dissociation was demonstrated using a hypothetical field case.
A 30-W flyback converter operating at 5 MHz (2014)

Motivated by the recent commercialization of gallium-nitride (GaN) switches, an effort was initiated to determine whether it was feasible to switch the flyback converter at 5 MHz in order to improve the power density of this versatile isolated topology. Leakage inductance, harmonic losses in the coupled windings, core loss, layout impedances, gate drivers, and other issues problematic at high frequency were quantified by analysis and simulation for a bus converter stepping 36-72 V down to 12 V at 0-30 W. The layout of the coupled windings was optimized by finite-element simulation to achieve 30 nH of leakage inductance with respect to 0.96 μH of magnetizing inductance in order to limit voltage stress. Even with optimal layout, the windings consumed almost 3% of the output power, and dominated the total loss. After breaking down the copper losses in frequency domain, harmonic analysis revealed that 38% of the winding losses were consumed by the harmonics. In order to validate all analysis, a quasi-square-wave (QSW) flyback converter with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) was measured with peak efficiency of 87%. The coupled inductors were composed of a commercial planar ER core fabricated from nickel-zinc ferrite; the size was measured as 18×3.2×10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and occupied 30% volume of the power stage. In addition, the high dv/dt of 16 V/ns and high di/dt of 10 A/ns caused by the smaller output capacitance of GaN FETs necessitated negative 2 V between gate and source to prevent false turn-on of the switches.
A quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for real-time detection of Salmonella Typhimurium based on antibody immobilization (2022)

Infection with foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. is of high risk for people with a weakened immune system. Microbiological culture method has been used in general for detection of pathogens from the food matrix; however, it is time consuming and requires experience and good level of laboratory skills. In the food safety field, various techniques which allows the rapid and simple detection have been developed at the level of a user-friendly tool for detecting the foodborne pathogens. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are mass-based biosensor which measures the microgram level mass changes, enabling a user to observe the presence of the pathogen simply and rapidly. When the pathogens are bound on vibrating quartz surface, the resonant frequency of a quartz crystal will be changed due to the mass of the pathogens. In this study, the QCM detected killed Salmonella Typhimurium in the range of 〖10〗^5-〖10〗^9 CFU/mL, correlating to the averaged frequency shifts. The actual concentrations of Salmonella from the culture method were compared to the difference in the resonant frequency. The QCM sensor were treated with 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUDA), and EDC-NHS following by antibodies and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to utilize the antibody-antigen reaction. With a usage of peristaltic pump, the solutions could be introduced to the surface while frequencies could be monitored for each step in real-time. To acquire the evidence of Salmonella, the surfaces of the quartz crystal with the fluoresce labeled antibody were captured by the fluorescence microscope. The QCM biosensor showed the possibility of detection of Salmonella in less time, compared with the conventional method.
Atoh1 Directs Regeneration and Functional Recovery of the Mature Mouse Vestibular System (2019)

Utricular hair cells (HCs) are mechanoreceptors required for vestibular function. After damage, regeneration of mammalian utricular HCs is limited and regenerated HCs appear immature. Thus, loss of vestibular function is presumed irreversible. Here, we found partial HC replacement and functional recovery in the mature mouse utricle, both enhanced by overexpressing the transcription factor Atoh1. Following damage, long-term fate mapping revealed that support cells non-mitotically and modestly regenerated HCs displaying no or immature bundles. By contrast, Atoh1 overexpression stimulated proliferation and widespread regeneration of HCs exhibiting elongated bundles, patent mechanotransduction channels, and synaptic connections. Finally, although damage without Atoh1 overexpression failed to initiate or sustain a spontaneous functional recovery, Atoh1 overexpression significantly enhanced both the degree and percentage of animals exhibiting sustained functional recovery. Therefore, the mature, damaged utricle has an Atoh1-responsive regenerative program leading to functional recovery, underscoring the potential of a reprogramming approach to sensory regeneration.
Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress (2008)

The association between the Mediterranean diet and plasma oxidative stress is robust and is not confounded by genetic or shared environmental factors. Decreased oxidative stress is a plausible mechanism linking the Mediterranean diet to reduced cardiovascular disease risk.
Vers la synthèse du tricycle ABC de l'acide hexacyclinique (2007)

Au cours de ces travaux de these, nous avons explore diverses voies de synthese du tricycle ABC de l'acide hexacyclinique, une molecule isolee en 2000 d'une souche de Streptomyces et possedant une activite cytotoxique moderee. Dans un premier temps nous avons mis au point une synthese rapide et efficace de 2 precurseurs du cycle A, dont l'etape cle est une nouvelle reaction de metathese cyclisante. Puis nous avons poursuivi notre synthese selon un premier chemin synthetique dont les etapes cles sont une addition de Michael hautement diastereoselective avec un enolate tricyclique ponte, et une cyclisation radicalaire initiee par l'acetate de manganese (III). Apres une optimisation prealable de l'addition de Michael sur un modele racemique, cette voie nous a permis de synthetiser un precurseur avance du tricycle ABC. Nous avons egalement teste l'emploi d'un enolate moins encombre pour l'etape cle d'addition de Michael, dont les rendements obtenus precedemment s'averaient insuffisants dans le cadre d'une synthese totale. Cette nouvelle voie nous a permis d'obtenir avec de meilleurs resultats un deuxieme precurseur avance du tricycle ABC, possedant tous les centres stereogenes requis. Enfin, nous avons developpe une nouvelle methodologie permettant d'acceder au motif α-carbalcoxyenone cyclique. Elle permet de former de maniere efficace des cycloalcenones a 5 ou 6 chainons a l'aide d'une reaction de metathese cyclisante impliquant une olefine doublement desactivee par un groupement carbonyle. L'utilite de cette methodologie a ete demontree par plusieurs applications synthetiques.
The Methoxycarbonylation of Vinyl Acetate Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes of [1,2‐Phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[di(<i>tert</i>‐butyl)phosphine] (2006)

Abstract Palladium complexes of [1,2‐phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[di( tert ‐butyl)phosphine] ( 1 ) catalyze the methoxycarbonylation of vinyl acetate (= ethenyl acetate) in the presence of methanesulfonic acid ( Scheme 1 ). High selectivities to ester products can be obtained if free phosphine ligand is in excess over the amount of added acid ( Table 1 ). Selectivities to methyl 2‐acetoxypropanoate, a precursor to lactate esters, can be as high as 3.6 : 1 at low temperature and pressure ( Table 2 ). Replacing t Bu by i Pr groups leads to less‐active catalysts and lower selectivities to the branched product. Replacing the phenylene moiety by a naphthalenediyl moiety also gives lower activity, but with similar selectivity to the phenylene‐based analogues. Linear hydrocarbon‐chain linkers as the backbone instead of the phenylenebis(methylene) linker leads to poor catalysis, except for a propane‐1,3‐diyl linker, which gives good rates but poor branched selectivity ( Table 5 ). The effect of different reaction conditions on the catalysis is discussed. The syntheses of the new xylene‐based diphosphines 2 – 5 with one to four i Pr groups replacing the t Bu groups at the P‐atoms of 1 and of the ligands 6 and 7 based on 1,2‐ and 2,3‐dimethylnaphthalene are also described ( Schemes 2 and 3 ).
Cell surface-based sensing with metallic nanoparticles (2015)

Metallic nanoparticles provide versatile scaffolds for biosensing applications. In this review, we focus on the use of metallic nanoparticles for cell surface sensings. Examples of the use of both specific recognition and array-based "chemical nose" approaches to cell surface sensing will be discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Troponoid Natural Product Nezukone Via Sequential Rearrangement of Two Isomeric Precursors. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solubility of Liquid Organics of Environmental Interest in Subcritical (Hot/Liquid) Water from 298 K to 473 K (1999)

The solubilities of benzene, toluene, m-xylene, p-cymene, octane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane), tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and tetraethyltin were determined at temperatures ranging from 298 K to 473 K. Increasing the temperature up to 473 K increased the solubilities by a factor of ∼10−250. For example, increasing the temperature from 298 K to 473 K increased the mole fraction solubility of tetraethyltin from (0.03 ± 0.002) × 10-7 to (8.8 ± 0.6) × 10-7 but only increased the solubility of benzene from (4.0 ± 0.1) × 10-4 to (41 ± 3) × 10-4. Pressure had a minimal effect; for example, increasing the pressure from 65 to 400 bar at either 298 K or 473 K reduced the solubility of benzene by only ∼20%.
Pixel level demonstration of phase change material based spatial light modulation (2020)

We present an advancement towards high speed (sub ps) phase change material based spatial light modulators by electrically addressing single pixels with high-speed optical monitoring at 1550nm light.