gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of force feedback in surgery: analysis of blunt dissection (2005)

Force feedback is widely assumed to enhance performance in robotic surgery, but its benefits have not yet been systematically assessed. In this study we examine the effects of force feedback on a blunt dissection task. Subjects used a telerobotic system to expose an artery in a synthetic model while viewing the operative site with a video laparoscope. Performance was compared between force feedback gains of 75% and 150% and no force feedback. The absence of force feedback increased the average force magnitude applied to the tissue by at least 50%, and increased the peak force magnitude by at least a factor of 2. The number of errors that damage tissue increased by over a factor 3. The rate and precision of dissection were not significantly enhanced with force feedback. We hypothesize that force feedback is helpful in this blunt dissection task because the artery is stiffer than the surrounding tissue. This mechanical contrast serves to constrain the subjects' hand from commanding inappropriate motions that generate large forces.
High-resolution, superfast 3-D imaging using a phase-shifting method (2010)

We presents a system to realize 333 fps 3-D shape measurement speed at 768 × 768 resolution. It utilizes the DLP Discovery platform to realize 3-D shape measurement by using a defocusing method.
Diagnostic Performance of PDFF and Multi-Frequency 3D-MRE in the Detection of NASH and NASH-Required Therapy in a Large Cohort of 380 Patients (2023)

Liver biopsy and multi-parametric MRI/MRE were performed on 380 patients at risk of NASH. Histopathological diagnoses of NASH were collected along with proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and 3D-MRE measured liver stiffness (LS) and loss modulus (LM). While PDFF alone showed good ability to predict NASH (AUC: 0.80 [0.76, 0.85]), the addition of MRE measurements increased the diagnostic performance with strong statistical significance (AUC: 0.85 [0.81, 0.89], p&amp;lt;0.0004). LS alone was also found to be the strongest predictor of NASH-required treatment (AUC: 0.89 [0.84, 0.93], p&amp;lt;0.05), further establishing the critical role of MRE for clinical management of liver disease.
Zonas de la costa apropiadas para el uso de los diques compuestos por tubos de geotextil rellenos de arena (2015)

In recent decades, urban pressure on the coast, increased erosion in many places and rising sea levels due to climate change, has led governments to invest more in protecting the coast. In turn, cost reduction, ease of construction and speed of implementation, the elements made of sand filled geotextile, known under the name Geo-sistemas, are displayed as an alternative to traditional defense systems or in addition to them, along the coast. However, although today it has a better understanding of their behavior, design and durability, due to the lack of suitable materials to withstand inclement weather, high diversity of methods or techniques are not standardized and ease of degradation by the vandalism, makes its usefulness is in question today.
A Deep Multi-Label Segmentation Network For Eosinophilic Esophagitis Whole Slide Biopsy Diagnostics (2022)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus associated with elevated numbers of eosinophils. Disease diagnosis and monitoring require determining the concentration of eosinophils in esophageal biopsies, a time-consuming, tedious and somewhat subjective task currently performed by pathologists. Here, we developed a machine learning pipeline to identify, quantitate and diagnose EoE patients' at the whole slide image level. We propose a platform that combines multi-label segmentation deep network decision support system with dynamics convolution that is able to process whole biopsy slide. Our network is able to segment both intact and not-intact eosinophils with a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 0.93. This segmentation enables the local quantification of intact eosinophils with a mean absolute error of 0.611 eosinophils. We examined a cohort of 1066 whole slide images from 400 patients derived from multiple institutions. Using this set, our model achieved a global accuracy of 94.75%, sensitivity of 94.13%, and specificity of 95.25% in reporting EoE disease activity. Our work provides state-of-the-art performances on the largest EoE cohort to date, and successfully addresses two of the main challenges in EoE diagnostics and digital pathology, the need to detect several types of small features simultaneously, and the ability to analyze whole slides efficiently. Our results pave the way for an automated diagnosis of EoE and can be utilized for other conditions with similar challenges.
An improved synthesis of anticancer benzothiopyranoindazoles. An efficient large‐scale β‐aminoethylation procedure (1991)

Abstract Improved processes for the synthesis of bulk quantities of the benzothiopyranoindazole clinical agent CI‐958 and A‐ring congeners is reported. The process chosen for scale‐up operations achieves β‐aminoethylation of an anilino precursor via a three‐step sequence (acylation, reduction, deprotection) starting from N ‐(trityl)glycine. Detailed analytical data are reported for the target compounds and most intermediates, and detailed spectroscopy is given for CI‐958.
A novel four‐dimensional strategy combining protein and peptide separation methods enables detection of low‐abundance proteins in human plasma and serum proteomes (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials and methods Materials Top six protein depletion MicroSol-IEF fractionation Protein array pixelation LC-ESI-MS/MS methods Data analysis Results and discussion Protein array pixelation strategy Optimization of protein array pixelation Total analysis time for protein array pixelation of human plasma proteome Systematic protein array pixelation of the human plasma proteome Systematic protein array pixelation of the human serum proteome Analyses of human plasma and serum proteomes using HUPO filter criteria Concluding remarks References
Identification of 5-fluorouracil-inducible target genes using cDNA microarray profiling. (2003)

The fluoropyrimidine 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of cancer. To identify novel downstream mediators of tumor cell response to 5-FU, we used DNA microarray technology to identify genes that are transcriptionally activated by 5-FU treatment in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Of 2400 genes analyzed, 619 were up-regulated by >3-fold. Highly up-regulated genes (>6-fold) with signal intensities of >3000 were analyzed by Northern blot. Genes that were consistently found to be up-regulated were spermine/spermidine acetyl transferase (SSAT), annexin II, thymosin-beta-10, chaperonin-10, and MAT-8. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with the antifolate tomudex and DNA-damaging agent oxaliplatin also resulted in up-regulation of each of these targets. The 5-FU-induced activation of MAT-8, thymosin-beta-10, and chaperonin-10 was abrogated by inactivation of p53 in MCF-7 cells, whereas induction of SSAT and annexin II was significantly reduced in the absence of p53. Moreover, each of these genes contained more than one potential p53-binding site, suggesting that p53 may play an important regulatory role in 5-FU-induced expression of these genes. In addition, we found that basal expression levels of SSAT, annexin II, thymosin beta-10, and chaperonin-10 were increased (by approximately 2-3-fold), and MAT-8 expression dramatically increased (by approximately 10-fold) in a 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cell line (H630-R10) compared with the parental H630 cell line, suggesting these genes may be useful biomarkers of resistance. These results demonstrate the potential of DNA microarrays to identify novel genes involved in mediating the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy.
Electrochemical activation of carbon nanowalls (2011)

The electrochemical oxidation of carbon nanowalls resulted in an essential improvement of the capacitance.
Specific Non-Reducing Ends in Heparins from Different Animal Origins: Building Blocks Analysis Using Reductive Amination Tagging by Sulfanilic Acid (2020)

Heparins are linear sulfated polysaccharides widely used as anticoagulant drugs. Their nonreducing-end (NRE) has been little investigated due to challenges in their characterization, but is known to be partly generated by enzymatic cleavage with heparanases, resulting in <i>N</i>-sulfated glucosamines at the NRE. Uronic NRE (specifically glucuronic acids) have been isolated from porcine heparin, with GlcA-GlcNS,3S,6S identified as a porcine-specific NRE marker. To further characterize NRE in heparinoids, a building block analysis involving exhaustive heparinase digestion and subsequent reductive amination with sulfanilic acid was performed. This study describes a new method for identifying heparin classical building blocks and novel NRE building blocks using strong anion exchange chromatography on AS11 columns for the assay, and ion-pair liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for building block identification. Porcine, ovine, and bovine intestine heparins were analyzed. Generally, NRE on these three heparins are highly sulfated moieties, particularly with 3-<i>O</i> sulfates, and the observed composition of the NRE is highly dependent on heparin origin. At the highest level of specificity, the isolated marker was only detected in porcine heparin. However, the proportion of glucosamines in the NRE and the proportion of glucuronic/iduronic configurations in the NRE uronic moieties greatly varied between heparin types.
The Movement Disorder Society Criteria for the Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy (2022)

This set of MDS MSA diagnostic criteria aims at improving the diagnostic accuracy, particularly in early disease stages. It requires validation in a prospective clinical and a clinicopathological study. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Development of a Method for Total Inorganic Arsenic Analysis Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry and a Au-Coated, Diamond Thin-Film Electrode (2007)

We demonstrate that a Au-coated, boron-doped, diamond thin-film electrode provides a sensitive, reproducible, and stable response for total inorganic arsenic (As(III) and As(V)) using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). As is preconcentrated with Au on the diamond surface during the deposition step and detected oxidatively during the stripping step. Au deposition was uniform over the electrode surface with a nominal particle size of 23 +/- 5 nm and a particle density of 109 cm-2. The electrode and method were used to measure the As(III) concentration in standard and river water samples. The detection figures of merit were compared with those obtained using conventional Au-coated glassy carbon and Au foil electrodes. The method was also used to determine the As(V) concentration in standard solutions after first being chemically reduced to As(III) with Na2SO3, followed by the normal DPASV determination of As(III). Sharp and symmetric stripping peaks were generally observed for the Au-coated diamond electrode. LODs were 0.005 ppb (S/N = 3) for As(III) and 0.08 ppb (S/N = 3) for As(V) in standard solutions. An As(III) concentration of 0.6 ppb was found in local river water. The relative standard deviation of the As stripping peak current for river water was 1.5% for 10 consecutive measurements and was less than 9.1% over a 10-h period. Excellent electrode response stability was observed even in the presence of up to 5 ppm of added humic acid. In summary, the Au-coated diamond electrode exhibited better performance for total inorganic As analysis than did Au-coated glassy carbon or Au foil electrodes. Clearly, the substrate on which the Au is supported influences the detection figures of merit.
5.4 Other Electrode Systems (2021)

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of methods used in electroanalytical chemistry. Fundamental terms in electrochemistry are reproduced from previous PAC Recommendations, and new and updated material is added for terms in electroanalytical chemistry, classification of electrode systems, and electroanalytical techniques.
Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments, and Diagenesis Related to Porosity Development and Destruction in Jefferson Formation, Northwestern Montana: ABSTRACT (1986)

The Jefferson Formation in northwestern Montana consists of a lower member (< 155 m or 508 ft) and the Birdbear Member (< 72 m or 236 ft), which are correlative to the Duperow and Birdbear Formations of the Williston basin. The lower member consists of sucrosic and nonsucrosic dolomites, limestones, and evaporite solution breccias. The Birdbear Member consists of silty nonsucrosic dolomites and limestones, and sucrosic evaporite solution breccias. Paragenesis of diagenetic events based on petrographic cross-cutting relations, cathodoluminescence, microprobe analysis, conodont alteration indices, and field relations indicate that most porosity development and destruction occurred at relatively shallow depth prior to thrusting. Devonian events include early cementation of desiccation structures and intergranular spaces, localized vuggy and moldic porosity development, and dolomitization and formation of intercrystalline porosity. Mississippian to pre-Jurassic events include burial to oil window, kerogen maturation, and loading stylolitization. Later erosion of Mississippian strata and ground-water circulation resulted in brecciation, subvertical fracture development related to collapse, and dedolomitization followed by near-complete calcite cement infilling of available porosity. Paleocene to early Eocene thrusting events include stylolitization, folding of breccias, and nonfilled fracture formation. Post-early Eocene exposure-induced events results in vuggy porosity and precipitation of speletic cements.
Pheromones and Barcoding Delimit Boundaries between Cryptic Species in the Primitive Moth Genus Eriocrania (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) (2019)

Animal classification is primarily based on morphological characters, even though these may not be the first to diverge during speciation. In many cases, closely related taxa are actually difficult to distinguish based on morphological characters alone, especially when there is no substantial niche separation. As a consequence, the diversity of certain groups is likely to be underestimated. Lepidoptera -moths and butterflies- represent the largest group of herbivorous insects. The extensive diversification in the group is generally assumed to have its origin in the spectacular radiation of flowering plants and the resulting abundance of ecological niches. However, speciation can also occur without strong ecological divergence. For example, reproductive isolation can evolve as the result of divergence in mate preference and the associated pheromone communication system. We combined pheromone trapping and genetic analysis to elucidate the evolutionary relationships within a complex of primitive moth species (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae). Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers provided evidence that Eriocrania semipurpurella, as currently defined by morphological characters, includes three cryptic species in Northern and Western Europe. Male moths of these cryptic species, as well as of the closely related E. sangii, exhibited relative specificity in terms of their attraction to specific ratios of two major pheromone components, (2S,6Z)-nonen-2-ol and (2R,6Z)-nonen-2-ol. Our data suggest strong assortative mating in these species in the absence of apparent niche separation, indicating that Eriocrania moths may represent an example of non-ecological speciation. Finally, our study argues in favour of combining pheromone investigations and DNA barcoding as powerful tools for identifying and delimitating species boundaries.
Iridium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and Their Application as Homogeneous Catalysts (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Types of IrNHC and Reactivity Catalysis with IrNHCs Conclusions References
Best Practice Guidelines for Surgical Site Infection in High-risk Pediatric Spine Surgery: Definition, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment (2022)

Not applicable.
Characterization of external quantum efficiency and absorption efficiency in GaAs/ InGaP double heterostructures for laser cooling applications (2010)

The state of current research in laser cooling of semiconductors is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the characterization of external quantum efficiency and absorption efficiency in GaAs/InGaP double heterostuctures. New experimental results will be presented that characterize device operation as a function of laser excitation power and temperature. Optimum carrier density is obtained independently and used as a screening tool for sample quality. The crucial importance of parasitic background absorption is discussed.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-3β limits cellular diversity in the developing respiratory epithelium and alters lung morphogenesis in vivo (1997)

Hepatocyte nuclear factor-3beta (HNF-3beta), a nuclear protein of the winged helix family of transcription factors, is known to play a critical role in the formation of the embryonic node, notochord, and foregut endoderm. HNF-3beta influences the expression of a number of target genes in the respiratory epithelium, activating transcription of thyroid transcription factor-1, surfactant protein-B and clara cell secretory protein. In order to discern the role of HNF-3beta in differentiation and gene expression in the lung, HNF-3beta was expressed in developing respiratory epithelial cells of transgenic mice, under the control of the human surfactant protein C gene promoter. Pulmonary abnormalities were observed in the lungs of fetal mice bearing the HNF-3beta transgene. Differentiation of distal respiratory epithelial cells was arrested in the early pseudoglandular stage. Branching morphogenesis and vasculogenesis were markedly disrupted in association with decreased E-cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. HNF-3beta limits cellular diversity of developing respiratory epithelium and alters lung morphogenesis in vivo, suggesting that precise temporal-spatial regulation of HNF-3beta expression is critical for respiratory epithelial cell differentiation and lung morphogenesis.
Measurable residual disease-guided therapy in intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients is a valuable strategy in reducing allogeneic transplantation without negatively affecting survival (2023)

Not available.
Accurate field computation with the boundary element method (1982)

Interface problems in magnetostatics are formulated as boundary integral equations of the second kind involving the appropriate scalar (no current sources) or vector potentials. The boundary element method (BEM), which employs parametric representation of surfaces and sources, is used to solve some two-dimensional examples by way of illustration. A novel approach, automated to address Green's functions singularities over arbitrarily-shaped geometries, is introduced.
Hollow and microporous triphenylamine networks post-modified with TCNE for enhanced organocathode performance (2017)

Hollow microporous triphenylamine networks (H-MTPN) were post-modified with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) to generate tetracyanobutadiene moieties in H-MTPN-TCNE. The H-MTPN-TCNE showed the improved electrochemical performance of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, compared to the original H-MTPN.
Automatic Quality Measurement and Parameter Selection for Example-based Texture Synthesis (2012)

Texture synthesis algorithms have been researched extensively in the past decade. However, most synthesis algorithms are governed by a set of parameters and produce different results depending on which parameter settings are chosen in conjunction with an exemplar used as a basis for synthesis. So far, automatically selecting parameters suitable for synthesis has been a relatively unexplored topic. In effect, this makes texture synthesis supervised rather than fully automatic. In this technical paper, we propose automatic parameter optimization methods for example based texture synthesis. We cover research to directly estimate specific texture synthesis parameters, such as patch size and iteration convergence, based on input textures. We also examine various similarity measures and evaluate their effectiveness. The goal for each measure is to properly evaluate how well the resulting synthesis compares to the original input. A good similarity measure will enable the search for the optimal texture synthesis parameters by maximizing the quality of the synthesis as a function of parameters. We apply presented methods to a state of the art texture synthesis algorithm, namely the one proposed by Kopf et al [14]. It is easy to find a set of exemplars for which there is no single optimal set of settings. The results show a promising foundation for further research in establishing an automated optimal synthesis for a multitude of textures.
Reduced rank methods for solving least squares problems (1989)

1 Introdiiction The principle of least squares is to fit a set of obrervationr to a model in such a way a to minimize the squares of the errors between the observations and the model, hence the term least squares. While least squares cm be applied to both linear and nonlinear problems, we only consider rank reduction for linear problems. Hank reduction is a general method for reducing the complexity of a prior model in order to lower the mean-squared error in the solution and decree the sensitivity to measurement errors. When we use rank reduction, we lower the variance of the solution at the expense of introducing bias. In doing this, we hope to reduce the overall mean-squared error. We will examine rad reduction in overdetermined and underde termined leapt squares probl$ms. In the overdetermined problem, we fit a large complex data set to a simple model, while in the underdetermined problem, we fit a small simple data set to a complex model. We develop L data dependent procedure for reducing the rank of the model. The procedure is equally applicable to both problem,.and it automatically selects the optimum order for the model.
21.3: An Improved Dynamic Ratio Less Shift Register Circuit Suitable for LTPS‐TFT LCD Panels (2005)

Abstract We have improved the dynamic ratio less shift register circuit, originally designed for use in Si‐LSIs, so as to be applied to LTPS TFTs on the glass substrate with stable operations. In the operation of the dynamic circuit, the conditions arising from two major obstacles, drain avalanche hot carrier effect and massive bias current, which degrade the transistors in the long term operation, can be avoided. By adopting this improved circuit, we are successfully mass‐producing highly reliable LTPS‐TFT LCD panels which consist only of n‐ type TFTs.
The Effect of Umbilical Cord Blood Cells on Outcomes After Experimental Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (2010)

We conclude that UCB MPSCs improve neurologic function of rats with acute SCI, possibly by the release of factors that reduce secondary injury.