gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of charge carrier number fluctuations in InN thin films? (2011)

Due to its small band-gap and its high mobility, InN is a promising material for a large number of key applications like band-gap engineering for high efficiency solar cells, light emitting diodes, and high speed devices. Unfortunately, it has been reported that this material exhibits strong surface charge accumulation which may depend on the type of surface. Current investigations are conducted in order to explain the mechanisms which govern such a behavior and to look for ways of avoiding it and/or finding applications that may use such an effect. In this framework, low frequency noise measurements have been performed at different temperatures on patterned MBE grown InN layers. The evolution of the 1/f noise level with temperature in the 77 K-300 K range is consistent with carrier number fluctuations thus indicating surface mechanisms: the surface charge accumulation is confirmed by the noise measurements.
Venous Thromboembolism During Pregnancy: Clinical Suspicion Warrants Evaluation (2004)

Lack of definitive signs and symptoms of thromboembolic disease during pregnancy warrants complete evaluation of patients clinically suspected of having VTE.
Ligand Redox Non-innocence in the Stoichiometric Oxidation of Mn<sub>2</sub>(2,5-dioxidoterephthalate) (Mn-MOF-74) (2014)

Unsaturated metal sites within the nodes of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be interrogated by redox reagents common to small molecule chemistry. We show, for the first time, that an analogue of the iconic M2(2,5-dioxidoterephthalate) (M2DOBDC, MOF-74) class of materials can be stoichiometrically oxidized by one electron per metal center. The reaction of Mn2DOBDC with C6H5ICl2 produces the oxidized material Cl2Mn2DOBDC, which retains crystallinity and porosity. Surprisingly, magnetic measurements, X-ray absorption, and infrared spectroscopic data indicate that the Mn ions maintain a formal oxidation state of +2, suggesting instead the oxidation of the DOBDC(4-) ligand to the quinone DOBDC(2-). These results describe the first example of ligand redox non-innocence in a MOF and a rare instance of stoichiometric electron transfer involving the metal nodes. The methods described herein offer a synthetic toolkit that will be of general use for further explorations of the redox reactivity of MOF nodes.
Tunning electrical characteristics for networked carbon nanotube field-effect transistors using thiolated molecules (2008)

We examine the effects of adsorption of four thiolated molecules (HS-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> , HS-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> OH, HS-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> COOH, and HS-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sub> ) on the electrical characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotube network FETs (SNFETs). Measuring the work function of the electrodes before and after molecule adsorption and performing Schottky barrier energy extraction for SNFETs provide direct evidence that the device characteristics of SNFETs after SAM adsorption are altered primarily due to the change in energy-level alignment between the An and SWNTs. We also demonstrate that the electrical characteristics of SNFETs can be modified by introducing thiolated heme on An electrodes and by using the location-selective photo-irradiation method, which provides an effective methodology for the fine-tuning and performance optimization of these devices in a controllable way.
Supplementary Figure from Small-Molecule NSC59984 Induces Mutant p53 Degradation through a ROS-ERK2-MDM2 Axis in Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Small-Molecule NSC59984 Induces Mutant p53 Degradation through a ROS-ERK2-MDM2 Axis in Cancer Cells
Stabilin-1 and Stabilin-2 are specific receptors for the cellular internalization of phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in the liver (2016)

Phosphorothioate (PS)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have been extensively investigated over the past three decades as pharmacological and therapeutic agents. One second generation ASO, Kynamro™, was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and over 35 second generation PS ASOs are at various stages of clinical development. In this report, we show that the Stabilin class of scavenger receptors, which were not previously thought to bind DNA, do bind and internalize PS ASOs. With the use of primary cells from mouse and rat livers and recombinant cell lines each expressing Stabilin-1 and each isoform of Stabilin-2 (315-HARE and 190-HARE), we have determined that PS ASOs bind with high affinity and these receptors are responsible for bulk, clathrin-mediated endocytosis within the cell. Binding is primarily dependent on salt-bridge formation and correct folding of the intact protein receptor. Increased internalization rates also enhanced ASO potency for reducing expression of the non-coding RNA Malat-1, in Stabilin-expressing cell lines. A more thorough understanding of mechanisms by which ASOs are internalized in cells and their intracellular trafficking pathways will aid in the design of next generation antisense agents with improved therapeutic properties.
Importance of ZnTiO<sub>3</sub> Phase in ZnTi-Mixed Metal Oxide Photocatalysts Derived from Layered Double Hydroxide (2020)

In this study, ZnTi-mixed metal oxides (ZTM), such as ZnTiO<sub>3</sub>, were synthesized from ZnTi layered double hydroxides by varying the molar ratio of Zn/Ti, calcination temperatures, and synthesis methods (hydrothermal or reflux). The surface electronic characteristics of ZTM were investigated by the energy-resolved distribution of electron traps (ERDTs) using reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy. The ZTM samples obtained by conducting hydrothermal synthesis at 500 °C showed similar ERDT patterns independent of the molar ratio of Zn/Ti, although ZnTiO<sub>3</sub> phase was not observed in the X-ray diffraction pattern, when the Zn/Ti ratio was high. When the ERDT patterns demonstrated a high electron accumulation level near the conduction band bottom in hydrothermal products at 500 °C, a higher photocatalytic phenol degradation efficiency was observed due to the formation of ZnTiO<sub>3</sub> phase. This suggested that the product with the high Zn/Ti molar ratio (Zn/Ti = 6) constituted amorphous ZnTiO<sub>3.</sub>The enhanced photocatalytic performance of ZTM could be attributed to the heterojunction of electrons among ZnO, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and ZnTiO<sub>3</sub>, which enabled electron transfer in the composites, prevented charge recombination, and promoted a wider visible light adsorption by ZnTiO<sub>3</sub> phase irrespective of its crystallinity.
Effects of phenobarbital upon triacylglycerol metabolism in the rabbit (1980)

1. The association between hepatic microsomal enzyme induction and triacylglycerol metabolism was examined in fasting male rabbits (2kg body wt.) injected intra-peritoneally with 50 mg of phenobarbital per kg for 10 days. 2. Occurrence of enzyme induction was established by a significant increase in hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content, as well as a doubling of microsomal protein per g of liver and a 54% increase in liver weight. Parallel increments in hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) activity occurred; these were more pronounced in the whole homogenate than in the microsomes, which only accounted for 12.5% of the total enzyme activity in the controls and 17.0% in the animals given phenobarbital. Increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was also observed in the blood serum of the test animals. 3. The rabbits given phenobarbital manifested increased hepatic triacylglycerol content and the triacylglycerol concentration of blood serum was also elevated. These changes were accompanied by a significantly enhanced ability of cell-free fractions of liver from the test animals (postmitochondrial supernatant and microsomal fractions) to synthesize glycerolipids in vitro from sn-[14C] glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acids, when expressed per whole liver. Relative to the protein content of the fraction, glycerolipid synthesis in vitro was significantly decreased in the microsomes, presumably consequent upon the dramatic increase in their total protein content, whereas no change occurred in the postmitochondrial supernatant, possibly due to the protective effect of cytosolic factors present in this fraction and known to enhance glycerolipid synthesis. 4. Microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase accounted for 85% of the total liver activity of this enzyme and its specific activity was 20-fold higher than that of the cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.4), when each was measured under optimal conditions. A significant increase in the activity of both enzymes per whole liver occurred in the rabbits given phenobarbital. A closer correlation between hepatic triacylglycerol content and and microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, as well as the above observation, suggest that this, rather than the cytosolic enzyme, may be rate-limiting for triacylglycerol synthesis in rabbit liver. 5. Significant correlations were observed between the various factors of hepatic microsomal-enzyme induction (aminopyrine N-demethylase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity as well as cytochrome P-450 content) and hepatic triacylglycerol content, suggesting that that microsomal enzyme induction may promote hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis and consequently hypertriglyceridaemia in the rabbit.
Nonlinear Fourier transform based transmission (2017)

The nonlinear Fourier transform is a transmission and signal processing technique that makes positive use of the nonlinearity of fibre channels. This tutorial provides an introduction into the NFT-based methods and overview of recent progress and challenges in this field.
Amorphous Diblock Copolymers with a High Organometallic Block Volume Fraction: Synthesis, Characterization and Self-Assembly of Polystyrene-<i>block</i>-Poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) in the Bulk State (2008)

The preparation of polystyrene-b-poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) diblock copolymers (PS-b-PFEMS) with a high volume fraction of the organometallic block (ϕPFEMS = 0.69−0.87) has been achieved via the sequential living anionic polymerization of styrene and ethylmethylsila[1]ferrocenophane. High molecular weights (Mn = 50000 to 250000 g/mol) and narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.05−1.17) were achieved. As both of the blocks are amorphous, the resulting diblock copolymers undergo predictable self-assembly in the bulk and well-ordered microdomains are reported. The data described complement previous results on analogous block copolymers with a low PFEMS volume fraction and a morphology diagram for PS-b-PFEMS is described.
Unimolecular Decomposition of Phosphine in Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactors (1992)

Unimolecular decomposition of a source species is often the first step in the sequence of reactions in the gas phase and has been found to be of primary kinetic significance in CVD systems. Here, we compute the rate constants for phosphine decomposition under both polysilicon and epitaxial silicon deposition conditions; rate constant values are provided for decomposition at 900 and 1300 K in a pressure range of 0.2–760 Torr. Rate constants are calculated using a master equation formalism with an exponential model for the collisional energy transfer. A canonical variational approach is used to locate the transition state of the H atom elimination channel. It is shown that the hydrogen molecule elimination channel dominates the hydrogen atom removal channel under all conditions studied. Significantly, our rate constant values are about three orders of magnitude lower than the upper bound estimates, obtained as strong collision values multiplied by a collision efficiency factor, reported in the literature. These differences could be accounted for by our accurate estimation of the critical energy of the hydrogen molecule elimination channel. The contribution of the unimolecular decomposition step to the species mass balance equation for phosphine is determined by calculating the appropriate dimensionless parameter. Based on the magnitude of this dimensionless parameter, we find that the unimolecular decomposition step has to be taken into account in the phosphine balance equation for pressures greater than about 10 Torr at 1300 K.
A Flexible Stochastic Optimization Method for Wind Power Balancing With PHEVs (2014)

This paper proposes a flexible optimization method, based on state of the art algorithms, for the smart control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) to balance wind power production. The problem is approached from the perspective of a balance responsible party (BRP) with a large share of wind power in its portfolio. The BRP uses controllable PHEVs to minimize the imbalance of its portfolio resulting from wind power forecast errors. A Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation in combination with dynamic programming is used to solve the multistage stochastic problem. The main difficulty for applying MDPs to this problem is to efficiently include time interdependence of the wind power forecast error. In the presented approach, the probability distribution and time interdependence of the forecast error are represented by a scenario tree. Because of the MDP formulation, the algorithm is adaptable to deal with different transition models and constraints. This feature enables to use the algorithm in a dynamic environment such as the future smart grid. To demonstrate this, a generic charging model for PHEVs is used in the BRP wind balancing case. The flexibility of the algorithm is shown by investigating the solution for different degrees of complexity in the charging model.
Continuum Fluid Models for Plasma Etching Reactor Control (1993)

In this paper, a novel implicit implementation of the ENO-Roe scheme is presented. For the particular example considered here (a fluid plasma model), cpu time requirements for the implicit scheme were found to be as much as three orders of magnitude less than that for the explicit scheme. This indicates that implicit implementation may be critical for solution of multi-dimensional problems with reasonable computer resources. These simulation results allow the computation of steady-state gains between variables that affect and are affected by the plasma presence.
Inhibition of drinking in water-deprived rats by combined central angiotensin II and cholinergic receptor blockade (1978)

The effect of blockade of central angiotensin II (AII) receptors and cholinergic receptors on thirst induced by water deprivation was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats and rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI). Neither central AII nor cholinergic blockade alone affected drinking. Antagonism of both receptors simultaneously, however, significantly inhibited water intake of both Sprague-Dawley and DI rats. This inhibitory effect was not observed in water-deprived, nephrectomized rats. The combined antagonism on water intake was specific, since milk intake in hungry rats was not affected by simultaneous AII and cholinergic blockade. Isorenin concentrations in brain tissue were at control levels in water-deprived, nephrectomized, and non-nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats but were increased in water-deprived DI rats. The results suggest that angiotensin and cholinergic receptors in the brain have a physiological role in thirst. Thirst is maintained when either receptor is intact, but reduced when both receptors are inhibited by antagonists. They are independently capable of maintaining thirst.
MCMLSD: A Probabilistic Algorithm and Evaluation Framework for Line Segment Detection (2020)

Traditional approaches to line segment detection typically involve perceptual grouping in the image domain and/or global accumulation in the Hough domain. Here we propose a probabilistic algorithm that merges the advantages of both approaches. In a first stage lines are detected using a global probabilistic Hough approach. In the second stage each detected line is analyzed in the image domain to localize the line segments that generated the peak in the Hough map. By limiting search to a line, the distribution of segments over the sequence of points on the line can be modeled as a Markov chain, and a probabilistically optimal labelling can be computed exactly using a standard dynamic programming algorithm, in linear time. The Markov assumption also leads to an intuitive ranking method that uses the local marginal posterior probabilities to estimate the expected number of correctly labelled points on a segment. To assess the resulting Markov Chain Marginal Line Segment Detector (MCMLSD) we develop and apply a novel quantitative evaluation methodology that controls for under- and over-segmentation. Evaluation on the YorkUrbanDB and Wireframe datasets shows that the proposed MCMLSD method outperforms prior traditional approaches, as well as more recent deep learning methods.
Effects of In Vivo Administration of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on In Vitro Proliferation of Bovine Lymphocytes (1994)

Continuous infusion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the bovine elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 remained elevated until infusions were discontinued. Increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was associated with hypercalcemia (11 to 12 mg/dl) that continued for several days postinfusion. Elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 also was associated with a significant 70% enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation in cells treated with concanavalin A. Cessation of infusion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in the return of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma and lymphocyte proliferative response to preinfusion amounts. Proliferation in response to pokeweed mitogen was significantly inhibited on d 3 of infusions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Administration of parathyroid hormone for 4 d resulted in a sustained hypercalcemia (approximately 13 mg/dl) and a transient 1-d increase in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma. Parathyroid hormone treatment generally did not affect the response of bovine lymphocytes to mitogen. In vivo elevation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is either moderately immunostimulating or exerts no effect on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes. These results contrast with the in vitro results suggesting that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is only immunosuppressive.
Beyond Conventional Models: Recreating the Initiation, Evolution, and Genome of GBM (2019)

ABSTRACT Background Imagining ways to prevent or treat glioblastoma (GBM) have been hindered by a lack of understanding of its pathogenesis. Although PDGF-AA overexpression may be an early event, critical details of the core biology are lacking. Existing PDGF-driven models replicate its microscopic appearance but not the genomic architecture characteristic of the human disease. Here we report a new model of GBM that overcomes this barrier to authenticity. Methods Using a method developed to study neural stem cells, we investigated the effects of PDGF-AA on subventricular zone (SVZ) cells, the putative cell of origin of GBM. We micro-dissected SVZ tissue from p53-null and wild-type adult mice, established primary cultures in media supplemented with PDGF-AA, and assessed cell viability, proliferation, genome stability, and tumour forming potential. Results Counterintuitive to its canonical role as a growth factor, we observed immediate and massive death of SVZ cells in PDGF-AA. Wild-type cells did not survive in PDGF-AA. However, a small fraction of null cells evaded apoptosis, displayed attenuated proliferation, gradually accumulated whole chromosome gains and losses, and, signalled by sudden rapid proliferation and growth factor independence, became tumorigenic in immune-competent syngeneic mice. Transformed cells had an OPC-like profile, were resistant to PDGFR-α inhibition, and harboured highly abnormal karyotypes similar to those seen in human GBMs. Conclusion This model associates genome instability in SVZ cells with chronic exposure to PDGF-AA; it is the first model to replicate the genomic landscape of GBM and first in which the earliest phases of GBM can be directly observed. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY We have developed a mouse model in which the initiation, evolution and genomic landscape of GBM can be thoroughly studied thus paving the way for ideas about how this deadly brain cancer might be prevented, interrupted at an occult stage, or treated with very different therapies.
Efficacy and Safety of Fluvastatin-Extended Release in Hypercholesterolemic Patients: Morning Administration Is Equivalent to Evening Administration (2006)

The efficacy and safety profiles of fluvastatin XL are equivalent for morning and evening administration.
Lagerstroemia speciosa fruit extract modulates quorum sensing-controlled virulence factor production and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2011)

Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae) is a south-east Asian tree more commonly known as 'Jarul'. Research on health benefits suggests that the L. speciosa plant contains phytomolecules that may have antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. However, antimicrobial activities have not been reported for this plant. The ability of L. speciosa fruit extract (LSFE) to antagonize cell-to-cell communication, expression of virulence genes and factors, and biofilm formation was evaluated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1. Our results suggested that LSFE caused downregulation of quorum sensing (QS)-related genes (las and rhl) and their respective signalling molecules, N-acylhomoserine lactones, without affecting the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Significant inhibition of virulence factors: LasA protease, LasB elastase, and pyoverdin production, was also recorded. Application of LSFE to P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms increased bacterial susceptibility to tobramycin. These data suggest a possible role for quorum-quenching mechanisms unrelated to static or cidal effects, and also suggest that L. speciosa could serve as a cost-effective source in the development of new QS-based antibacterial drugs.
Incorporating Risk Factors to Improve the Assessment of Rates of Glaucomatous Progression (2012)

A Bayesian regression model incorporating structural and risk factor information into the estimation of glaucomatous visual field progression resulted in more accurate and precise estimates of slopes of functional change than the conventional method of OLS regression. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221897.).