gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Droplet nuclei caustic formations in exhaled vortex rings (2022)

Vortex ring (VR) structures occur in light or hoarse cough configurations. These instances consist of short impulses of exhaled air resulting to a self-contained structure that can travel large distances. The present study is the first implementation of the second order Fully Lagrangian Approach (FLA) for three-dimensional realistic flow-fields obtained by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and provides a method to calculate the occurrence and the intensity of caustic formations. The carrier phase flow field is resolved by means of second order accurate Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) based on a Finite Difference approach for the momentum equations, while a spectral approach is followed for the Poisson equation using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The effect of the undulations of the carrier phase velocity due to large scale vortical structures and turbulence is investigated. The evaluation of the higher order derivatives needed by the second order FLA is achieved by pre-fabricated least squares second order interpolations in three dimensions. This method allows for the simulation of the clustering of droplets and droplet nuclei exhaled in ambient air in conditions akin to light cough. Given the ambiguous conditions of vortex-ring formation during cough instances, three different exhale (injection) parameters n are assumed, i.e. under-developed ([Formula: see text]), ideal ([Formula: see text]) and over-developed ([Formula: see text]) vortex rings. The formation of clusters results in the spatial variance of the airborne viral load. This un-mixing of exhumed aerosols is related to the formation of localised high viral load distributions that can be linked to super-spreading events.
Hydro-mechanical modelling of a natural slope affected by a multiple slip surface failure mechanism (2009)

A coupled hydro-mechanical formulation is presented for the analysis of landslide motion during crisis episodes. The mathematical formulation is used to model a natural slope affected by a multiple slip surface failure mechanism, in which pore water pressure evolution was identified as the main cause for movement accelerations. An elasto-plastic constitutive model is adopted for the behaviour of slip surfaces. Material parameters are obtained by combining the available laboratory tests and the back analysis of some crisis episodes. After being calibrated and validated, the model is applied to improve the understanding of the physical processes involved and to predict the landslide behaviour under different possible scenarios.
Reduced size at birth and persisting reductions in adiposity in recent, compared with earlier, cohorts of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (2019)

Recent OGDM showed different growth trajectories to the earlier group, namely normalisation of birthweight and reduced adiposity at birth, followed by initial rapid weight gain but subsequent reduced adiposity postnatally. While avoidance of macrosomia at birth may be advantageous, the longer-term health implications of these changing growth trajectories are uncertain.
Trends and Future Directions in Optical Interconnects for Datacenter and Computer Applications (2010)

The underlying technology trends that have enabled optics to displace copper in telecommunications, datacommunications, and datacenters are discussed. Future directions are outlined that will drive optical interconnects further into the fabric of computer systems.
IDIOPATHIC RETINAL VASCULITIS, ANEURYSMS, AND NEURORETINITIS (IRVAN) WITH PRESERVED PERFUSION (2003)

From the Retinal Vascular Center, The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Reprint requests: Srinivas R. Sadda, M.D., Doheny Retina Institute, 1450 San Pablo Street–DEI 3160, Los Angeles, CA 90033; e-mail: [email protected] The authors have no financial interest in any aspect of this study. RETINA,™ The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, encourages authors to submit Brief Reports describing unusual findings, new techniques, and new instruments. Material submitted for consideration in this section of the journal is done so with the assumption that the data provided do not duplicate previously published material and that the material has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere. Each author must sign a disclosure to this effect (see Instructions to Authors for complete wording of transfer letter). Brief Reports submitted for this section of the journal may be subjected to the standard review process that is applied to other material submitted to RETINA. Brief Reports should follow the requirements listed in the Instructions to Authors, with the following caveats: Brief Reports should not exceed 4 pages in length; no more than 5 references should be cited; and each Brief Report should include no more than 4 figures.
An analytical model for predicting transport in a coupled vadose/phreatic system (1997)

A simple analytical model is presented for predicting the transport of a contaminant in both the unsaturated (vadose) and saturated (phreatic) zones following a surficial spill. The model incorporates advection, dispersion, adsorption, and first-order decay in both zones and couples the transport processes at the water table. The governing equation is solved by using the method of Laplace transforms, with numerical inversion of the Laplace space equation for concentration. Because of the complexity of the functional form for the Laplace space solution, a numerical methodology using the real and imaginary parts of a Fourier series was implemented. To reduce conservatism in the model, dilution at the water table was also included. Verification of the model is demonstrated by its ability to reproduce the source history at the surface and to replicate appropriate one-dimensional transport through either the vadose or phreatic zone. Because of its simplicity and lack of detailed input data requirements, the model is recommended for scoping calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: BICYCLOFULVENES. IX. STEREOELECTRONIC EFFECTS IN ADDITIONS TO 8‐METHYLENETRICYCLO(3.2.1.02,4)OCTANE DERIVATIVES (1983)

Abstract Zur Diskussion.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ alpha oligonucleotide typing on biological evidence samples: casework experience. (1992)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method of specific gene amplification was used in casework to synthesize millions of copies of the polymorphic second exon of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ alpha (or DQA1) locus from a variety of evidence samples. The HLA-DQ alpha allelic variants in the amplified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were determined in a rapid non-radioactive test by hybridization to sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes in both the dot-blot and reverse dot-blot formats. This genetic typing system has been subjected to blind proficiency testing; the performance of this test in the analysis of experimentally mixed samples was also evaluated. As of August 1990, over 250 cases have been tested and more than 2000 individual evidence (bloodstains, semen stains, individual hairs, bone fragments, and tissue sections) and reference samples have been analyzed. The first 198 of these cases are summarized in this paper; in 65% of the cases with conclusive results a suspect was included, and in 35%, all suspects were excluded. Individual cases as well as some of the general issues relating to forensic science analysis and this genetic typing system are discussed. The high rate of exclusion reported here combined with the ability of PCR to type old evidence samples suggests the relevance of this genetic test for postconviction review; two cases in which the convicted suspect was excluded are discussed.
Routine immunization in HIV: helpful or harmful? (1996)

Vaccines for pneumococcus, influenza, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Haemophilus influenzae type-B (Hib) are recommended for patients with HIV, yet new evidence indicates that some vaccinations may stimulate HIV replication. The use of vaccines has been reevaluated, however, there is little conclusive data on their efficacy and potential harm. One study of pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in HIV found the pneumococcal vaccine to be cost-effective, but the study did not consider any adverse effects the vaccine could have on HIV progression. Influenza vaccination was not found to be as cost-effective. Meanwhile, between 35 percent to 80 percent of HIV-positive patients are either immune to or are chronic carriers of HBV and are therefore not candidates for vaccination. Vaccination is recommended for those found to be HBV seronegative, even though the antibody response to the vaccine is suboptimal. Also, HIV-positive patients have a higher incidence and severity of H. influenza infection, but the efficacy of the Hib vaccine is unknown. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of vaccines for people with HIV and the short- and long-term effects of immunization on viral load.
Recommendations of the Global Multiple System Atrophy Research Roadmap Meeting (2017)

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with substantial knowledge gaps despite recent gains in basic and clinical research. In order to make further advances, concerted international collaboration is vital. In 2014, an international meeting involving leaders in the field and MSA advocacy groups was convened in Las Vegas, Nevada, to identify critical research areas where consensus and progress was needed to improve understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. Eight topic areas were defined: pathogenesis, preclinical modeling, target identification, endophenotyping, clinical measures, imaging biomarkers, nonimaging biomarkers, treatments/trial designs, and patient advocacy. For each topic area, an expert served as a working group chair and each working group developed priority-ranked research recommendations with associated timelines and pathways to reach the intended goals. In this report, each groups' recommendations are provided.
Partisan Impacts on the Economy: Evidence from Prediction Markets and Close Elections (2007)

Analyses of the effects of election outcomes on the economy have been hampered by the problem that economic outcomes also influence elections. We sidestep these problems by analyzing movements in economic indicators caused by clearly exogenous changes in expectations about the likely winner during election day. Analyzing high frequency financial fluctuations following the release of flawed exit poll data on election day 2004, and then during the vote count we find that markets anticipated higher equity prices, interest rates and oil prices, and a stronger dollar under a George W. Bush presidency than under John Kerry. A similar Republican-Democrat differential was also observed for the 2000 Bush-Gore contest. Prediction market based analyses of all presidential elections since 1880 also reveal a similar pattern of partisan impacts, suggesting that electing a Republican president raises equity valuations by 2-3 percent, and that since Ronald Reagan, Republican presidents have tended to raise bond yields.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Prediction of Prostate Cancer Risk—Reply (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Functional analysis of evolutionarily-conserved regulatory genes involved in developmental plasticity and neurogenesis in Hydra (2004)

Au cours de ce projet j'ai utilisé l'hydre comme système modèle afin d'analyser la neurogénèse ainsi que les mécanismes développementaux qui sous-tendent l'activité d'organisatrice observée pendant les processus morphogénétiques. En effet, cet animal représente les espèces animales les plus ancestrales capables de différencier une polarité tête/pied et un système nerveux, formé de cellules méchano-réceptrices (nématocytes) et de neurones qui partagent une cellule souche commune. Nous avons identifié des gènes régulateurs dont la fonction neurogénétique est préservée au cours de l'évolution. Parmi ceux-ci "cnox-2" (homologue de "Gsx") est exprimé dans les cellules souches neuronales, les précurseurs des neurones et de nématocytes, de même que certains neurones apicaux. Quand "cnox-2" est inhibé par interférence ARN, la formation de la tête n'a pas lieu. Par ailleurs, l'analyse par transgénèse des séquences régulatrices de "cnox-2" nous a montré que "cnox-2" était déréprimés au cours de la formation de la tête.
Data from Loss and Reduction of Fus1 Protein Expression is a Frequent Phenomenon in the Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;FUS1&lt;/i&gt;, a novel tumor-suppressor gene located in the chromosome 3p21.3 region, may play an important role in lung cancer development. Currently, &lt;i&gt;FUS1&lt;/i&gt;-expressing nanoparticles have been developed for treating patients with lung cancer. However, the expression of Fus1 protein has not been examined in a large series of lung cancers and their sequential preneoplastic lesions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Using tissue microarrays, we examined Fus1 immunohistochemical expression in 281 non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and 22 small cell lung carcinoma tissue specimens and correlated the findings with patients' clinicopathologic features. To investigate the expression of Fus1 in the early sequential pathogenesis of NSCLC, we studied Fus1 expression in 211 histologically normal and mildly abnormal bronchial epithelia, and 118 bronchial and alveolar preneoplastic lesions obtained from patients with lung cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Loss and reduction of expression was detected in 82% of NSCLCs and 100% of small cell lung carcinomas. In NSCLCs, loss of Fus1 immunohistochemical expression was associated with significantly worse overall survival. Bronchial squamous metaplastic and dysplastic lesions expressed significantly lower levels of Fus1 compared with normal (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014 and 0.047, respectively) and hyperplastic (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.013 and 0.028, respectively) epithelia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings show a high frequency of Fus1 protein loss and reduction of expression in lung cancer, and suggests that this reduction may play an important role in the early pathogenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. These findings support the concept that &lt;i&gt;FUS1&lt;/i&gt; gene and Fus1 protein abnormalities could be used to develop new strategies for molecular cancer therapy for a significant subset of lung tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Basic Science of Tendinopathy and Novel Treatments: An Update. (2021)

Tendinopathy describes a spectrum of degenerative and inflammatory changes occurring in tendons, usually caused by mechanical loading. It is associated with pain and reduced function and can often lead to tendon rupture. Although advances have been made in recent years, it remains challenging to manage tendinopathy because its definition and the understanding of its risk factors and pathophysiology are still evolving. The objective of this chapter is to present current ideas on the basic science of tendinopathy and in particular new findings in regard to pathophysiology. Current therapies and insights into potential novel therapies for tendinopathy are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: New Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum septentrionale. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Atom Probe Tomography Study of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Precipitation of Niobium Carbides in a Model Ferritic Steel (2006)

The precipitation of the NbC phase in a ferritic low carbon microalloyed steel have been investigated since the early stages using atom probe tomography (APT). Homogeneous precipitation from the random solid solution is studied since the first minutes of ageing at 873 K. A (Fe;Nb)C-type metastable phase form prior to the precipitation of the equilibrium stoichiometric carbide NbC (NaCl structure), a semi-coherent phase that has a high misfit with the ferritic matrix. On the other hand, heterogeneous precipitation along dislocation lines is also observed by computerised field ion microscopy and APT. The results obtained are compared with conventional transmission electron microscopy studies and Monte Carlo simulations of heterogeneous precipitation recently obtained
Accelerated Mixed-Signal Simulations Using Multi-Core Architecture (2017)

With every technological achievement in electronics, new applications and concepts can be realized in circuits. One such concept is System-on-Chip (SoC) that enables developers to integrate a whole system on one physical chip. This is normally used to combine analog and digital systems. Nevertheless, prototyping such a system is resource intensive. This is caused by detailed requirements of analog components, especially nonlinear characteristics, taking the majority of computation resource. Several methods have been implemented to reduce the load, such as by changing the nonlinear behavior to a piecewise linear model and more abstract language description, e.g. SystemC instead of HDL. On the hardware perspective, runtime reduction through clock frequency scaling already reached saturation point, where any improvement only provides a marginal decrease. This and the prevalence of multi-core processors give rise to importance of parallelizing software to utilize the capabilities provided by the platform. Here we present modifications of PRAISE (Piecewise Rapid Analog Integrated Simulation Environment) to enable utilization of the multicore processors. Using the framework provided by the OpenMP library, we aim for significant runtime reduction. One of the advantages from the implementation is inherent performance increase with the number of nonlinear components, as their computation is independent from each other. The parallelism implementation will be explained and its result discussed in this paper.
Film Cooling Effectiveness Comparison on Full-Scale Turbine Vane Endwalls Using Pressure-Sensitive Paint Technique (2017)

Turbine vane endwalls are highly susceptible to intensive heat load due to their large exposed area and complex flow field especially for the first stage of the vane. Therefore, a suitable film cooling design that properly distributes the given amount of coolant is critical to keep the vane endwall from failure at the same time to maintain a good balance between manufacturing cost, performance, and durability. This work is focused on film cooling effectiveness evaluation on full-scale heavy-duty turbine vane endwall and the performance comparison with different film cooling pattern designs in the literature. The area of interest (AOI) of this study is on the inner endwall (hub) of turbine vane. Tests were performed in a three-vane annular sector cascade under the mainstream Reynolds number 350,000; the related inlet Mach number is 0.09 and the freestream turbulence intensity is 12%. Two variables, coolant-to-mainstream mass flow ratios (MFR = 2–4%) and density ratios (DR = 1.0, 1.5), are investigated. The conduction-error free pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique is utilized to evaluate the local flow behavior as well as the film cooling performance. The presented results are expected to provide the gas turbine engine designer a direct comparison between two film-hole configurations on a full-scale vane endwall under the same amount of coolant usage.
In Reply: Re: The Detection of Human Papillomavirus Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Intraepithelial, in Situ, Verrucous and Invasive Carcinoma of the Penis (1996)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Letter to the Editor1 Jun 1996In Reply: Re: The Detection of Human Papillomavirus Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Intraepithelial, in Situ, Verrucous and Invasive Carcinoma of the Penis M.R. Cupp, R.S. Malek, J.R. Goellner, T.F. Smith, and M.J. Espy M.R. CuppM.R. Cupp More articles by this author , R.S. MalekR.S. Malek More articles by this author , J.R. GoellnerJ.R. Goellner More articles by this author , T.F. SmithT.F. Smith More articles by this author , and M.J. EspyM.J. Espy More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66092-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "In Reply: Re: The Detection of Human Papillomavirus Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Intraepithelial, in Situ, Verrucous and Invasive Carcinoma of the Penis." The Journal of Urology, 155(6), pp. 2035–2036 References 1 : Penile carcinoma. AUA Update Series1990; 9: 1. lesson 1. Google Scholar 2 : Human papillomavirus infection and intraepithelial, in situ and invasive carcinoma of the penis. Urology1993; 42: 159. Google Scholar 3 : Urological applications of human papillomavirus typing using deoxyribonucleic acid probes for the diagnosis and treatment of genital condyloma. J. Urol.1989; 141: 63. Link, Google Scholar 4 : On warts. In: The Medusa and the Snail: More Notes of a Biology Watcher. New York: Viking Press1979: 76. Google Scholar © 1996 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 155Issue 6June 1996Page: 2035-2036 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1996 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information M.R. Cupp More articles by this author R.S. Malek More articles by this author J.R. Goellner More articles by this author T.F. Smith More articles by this author M.J. Espy More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Reflection of the Tourist Development in Lijiang (2001)

In the rapid development of tourist industry in Li Jiang, it is very necessary to understand its present state, dispel its mistaken places in the understandings of its development, promote its theoretic study, increase its cultural context of tourist products, develop its ecological tourism, implement the government - leading strategy and keep its sustainable development in tourist industry.