gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Reflectance Profiles of Eight Milk‐Clotting Enzyme Preparations (1991)

ABSTRACT Eight milk‐clotting enzyme prepartations were standardized to equal clot time and used to coagulate pasteurized whole milk. Diffuse reflectance profiles were monitored for 60‐min using a fiber optic sensor sensitive to infrared light at 950 nm. Modified M. miehei and M. pusillus protease, recombinant chymosin and calf rennet produced similar profiles. Rates of increase in diffuse reflectance were E. parasitica recombinant chymosin &gt; calf rennet &gt; modified M. miehei, M. pusillus var. Lindt &gt; 50:50 blend of calf rennet and bovine pepsin &gt; unmodified M. miehei &gt; pepsin. Monitoring milk coagulation as described may be useful during cheese making and allow setting optimal conditions for milk‐clotting enzyme preparations.
From trials to guidelines to clinical practice: the need for improvement (2004)

In this issue of the journal, Sterk et al. [1] present a study that retrospectively analyses the management of individuals surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The objective of the study is to assess whether information derived from clinical trials and incorporated into guidelines is applied in the clinical setting, and whether these sources provide adequate information to decide upon the use of an ICD in most cardiac arrest survivors. The authors conclude that in approximately 20% of individuals who survived cardiac arrest and were discharged alive from hospital, the clinical assessment was not adequate conclusively to decide whether, according to guidelines [2–5], an ICD was indicated, and the authors therefore support the view that efforts should be made to reduce the gap between guidelines and practice.

The data reported in this study prompt broader considerations pertaining to survival after cardiac arrest that may influence the strategies adopted to fight sudden cardiac death. Sterk et al. [1] report that in a period of 25 months in an area inhabited by 1.6 million people they identified “only” 372 cardiac arrests with documented ventricular fibrillation. Based on the accepted prevalence of cardiac arrest in the western population of 1/1000 per year [6], one may estimate that 3200 sudden cardiac deaths occurred in the two-year period in the region in which the study was conducted. This means that most of the victims of sudden cardiac death are missed and are not rescued by the emergency medical teams. Even more impressive is the finding that only 70 of the 372 patients were discharged alive from the hospital. These numbers reveal that the problems of management of survivors of cardiac arrest are relevant to a very small percentage of the individuals who experience cardiac arrest. Obviously, this means that while we should continue to … 

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A handful of intron-containing genes produces the lion's share of yeast mRNA (1999)

Two studies have provided separate pieces of information that bear on the functional and evolutionary significance of introns in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Holstege et al., 1998; Spingola et al., 1999). By the measure of the number of introns within its genes, budding yeast seems a disappointing eukaryote. Fewer than 250 of the more than 6,200 annotated genes are known to have introns, and fewer than 10 are known have more than one intron (Spingola et al., 1999). In contrast, metazoan genes are estimated to average nearly 10 introns, and the intronless gene is the exception rather than the rule. Although many essential yeast genes have introns, it would appear that introns are on the way out of the yeast genome, perhaps by a cDNA-directed homologous recombination mechanism proposed by Fink (1987).
Prospective assessment of thrombin generation test for dose monitoring of bypassing therapy in hemophilia patients with inhibitors undergoing elective surgery (2010)

Clinical response to bypassing agents (BPAs) may vary between patients. Surgery is a particular situation, requiring effective hemostasis during the procedure and for several days postoperatively to obtain satisfactory wound healing. However, the optimal dose of BPA in different surgical situations has not been clearly established. We report here a prospective assessment of thrombin generation test (TGT) in monitoring the effectiveness of BPA during 10 elective invasive procedures performed in 6 patients with severe hemophilia and high-titer inhibitors. A standardized 3-step protocol was used in all cases to individually tailor BPA. Thrombin-generating capacity of patients increased after in vitro and ex vivo addition of BPA in a dose-dependent manner. Our results also showed a correlation between in vivo clinical response to BPA and thrombin-generating capacity. These data suggest that TGT may represent a surrogate marker for monitoring bypassing therapies in surgical situations.
Residential PTSD Treatment for Female Veterans With Military Sexual Trauma (2013)

This study examined whether a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) influenced treatment outcome among female veterans with an index trauma of military sexual trauma (MST) receiving residential treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One hundred and ten female veterans, 61 with a history of CSA and 49 without, were compared on pre-treatment demographic and symptom measures, as well as treatment outcome, which were assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), PTSD Checklist-Stressor Specific Version (PCL-S), and Depression Inventory-Second edition (BDI-II). Veterans received cognitive processing therapy (CPT) as the primary trauma-focused treatment. Study findings showed that these two groups did not significantly differ on pre-treatment variables or treatment outcome. Results suggest that CPT delivered in a residential treatment program was effective for female veterans with PTSD related to MST, with and without a history of CSA.
Mechanism for Recognition of CpG DNA (2006)

Bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) containing cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG ) motifs, but not vertebrate DNA, activates innate immune cells. CpG motifs in vertebrate DNA are suppressed and usually methylated. In contrast, CpG motifs in bacterial DNA are observed at the expected frequency and unmethylated, which causes immune cell activation. CpG DNA activation of immune cells is reproducible in synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs. Treatment with CpG DNA induces a potent immune response dominated by Th1 cell-mediated cellular immunity, which prevents and cures several infectious and immune diseases in animal models. CpG DNA is therefore promising as a clinically useful agent for the treatment of several human diseases including cancer, allergy, and infectious diseases. The molecular mechanism of CpG DNA-induced cellular activation has been investigated intensively, and a signaling pathway is now being revealed. The critical components that recognize CpG DNA have recently been identified. In this chapter, we focus on the recent advances in the CpG DNA-induced activation of innate immune cells.
Long Term Osteoarthritic Changes in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Knees (1999)

To consolidate the indications for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and clarify the long-term prognosis associated with current surgical and rehabilitation techniques, the incidence of osteoarthritis in arthroscopically anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees requires investigation. Seventy-two patients with anterior cruciate ligament ruptures who were active in sports requiring sidestepping and pivoting, or who had recurrent episodes of giving way, underwent arthroscopic bone-patellar tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. These patients were evaluated for meniscal damage and osteoarthritic changes at the time of surgery and followed up for 7 years. Fifty-three patients underwent radiographic evaluation at 7 years, which included anteroposterior, lateral, skyline, and 30 degrees posteroanterior weightbearing views. Radiographic evaluation was performed by three independent surgeons and graded as per International Knee Documentation Committee criteria. Results revealed that knees with chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency, even those with intact menisci before reconstruction, suffered early osteoarthritic changes. More severe changes were seen with meniscectomy. Acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with meniscal preservation was shown to have the lowest incidence of degenerative change. Controversy exists regarding the timing of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This study supports early reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees before episodes of giving way occur in individuals intent on continuing activities that involve sidestepping and pivoting.
Enrobing in the confectionery industry (2014)

Enrobing is a process that involves covering a confection or snack with chocolate or chocolate coatings. Traditionally,&#13;\nthis process was slow and involved manually dipping the pieces into melted chocolate by hand. As demand for&#13;\nchocolate-coated sweets increased, it became impractical or impossible to employ enough people to dip sweets into&#13;\nmelted chocolate to keep up with production demand. Enrobing can be carried out with chocolate or compound&#13;\ncoatings (compound coating is a replacement product made from a combination of cocoa, vegetable fat, and&#13;\nsweeteners). An advantage of compound coatings is that they may set faster and no tempering (the process in which&#13;\nchocolate masses are thermally treated to produce a small fraction of homogeneously dispersed, highly stable fat&#13;\ncrystals of the correct type and size) is needed1. Some typical examples of enrobed products are shown in Figure 1&#13;\n(page 37). They include wafer bars, fondant centres, jellies, nuts, biscuits and ice cream.
Body mass index and all-cause mortality in a large Chinese cohort (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Obesity is known to be associated with an increased risk of death, but current definitions of obesity are based on data from white populations. We examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of death in a large population of adult Chinese people. <h3>Methods</h3> We examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality prospectively among 58 738 men and 65 718 women aged 20 years and older enrolled in 1998–1999 from four national health screening centres in Taiwan. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to estimate the relative risks of all-cause mortality for different BMI categories during a maximum follow-up of 10 years. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 3947 participants died during the follow-up period. The lowest risk of death was observed among men and women who had a BMI of 24.0–25.9 (mean 24.9). After adjustment for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, betel-nut chewing, level of physical activity, income level and education level, we observed a U-shaped association between BMI and all-cause mortality. Similar U-shaped associations were observed when we analyzed data by age (20–64 or ≥ 65 years), smoking (never, &lt; 10 pack-years or ≥ 10 pack-years) and presence of a pre-existing chronic disease, and after we excluded deaths that occurred in the first three years of follow-up. <h3>Interpretation</h3> BMI and all-cause mortality had a U-shaped association among adult Chinese people in our study. The lowest risk of death was among adults who had a BMI of 24.0–25.9 (mean 24.9). Our findings do not support the use of a lower cutoff value for overweight and obesity in the adult Chinese population.
Rock physics interpretation of heterogeneous and anisotropic turbidite reservoirs (2012)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we create rock physics templates for heterogeneous and anisotropic thin‐bedded sand‐shale intervals as a function of group angle, net‐to‐gross, saturation and porosity as variable parameters. These templates are basically cross‐plots of acoustic impedance versus P‐ to S‐velocity ratio. We apply these templates to interpret well log data from a vertical and a deviated well, respectively, in a North Sea turbidite system. We are able to infer the shale anisotropic elastic moduli and Thomsen parameters by comparing the measured velocities in a deviated well with the velocities in an adjacent vertical well. Our modeling captures the observed trends in the data as we go from a vertical well to a deviated well through a heterogeneous reservoir saturated with light oil and water. We can clearly see how the reservoir properties changes due to the presence of anisotropy. We also perform an AVO sensitivity study as a function of heterogeneity and hydrocarbon saturation.
Substrate heater for thin film deposition (2023)

A substrate heater for thin film deposition of metallic oxides upon a target substrate configured as a disk including means for supporting in a predetermined location a target substrate configured as a disk, means for rotating the target substrate within the support means, means for heating the target substrate within the support means, the heating means about the support means and including a pair of heating elements with one heater element situated on each side of the predetermined location for the target substrate, with one heater element defining an opening through which desired coating material can enter for thin film deposition and with the heating means including an opening slot through which the target substrate can be entered into the support means, and, optionally a means for thermal shielding of the heating means from surrounding environment is disclosed.
The simulation of electronic absorption spectrum of a chromophore coupled to a condensed phase environment: Maximum entropy versus singular value decomposition approaches (1997)

We consider the problem of calculating the electronic absorption spectrum of a chromophore with intramolecular degrees of freedom coupled to a condensed phase environment. We approach this calculation in the framework of the imaginary-time path integral Monte Carlo techniques, and focus on the problem of the analytic continuation of the imaginary-time data to the real-time axis. Two alternative analytic continuation methods are considered: the maximum entropy method and the singular value decomposition method. An exactly solvable model is introduced to test the accuracy of these methods. Exact numerical results for the absorption spectra are compared to the spectra reconstructed by the analytic continuation methods; it is found that the singular value decomposition method gives systematically higher resolution than the maximum entropy method and is capable of reproducing the fine vibronic structure of the absorption spectrum.
New Biological Function of Bovine α-Lactalbumin: Protective Effect against Ethanol- and Stress-induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats (2001)

Although several studies have shown that milk protein components have a wide range of biological activities, the potential role of these proteins in the gastrointestinal mucosal defense system is less well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of the major proteins in cow's milk on gastric mucosal injury by using two acute ulcer models in Wistar rats. Gastric mucosal injury was induced by either intragastric 60% ethanol-HCl or water-immersion restraint stress (23 degrees C, 7 h). Each test milk protein was orally administered 30 min before the induction of gastric injury. Among the major milk proteins, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) is demonstrated to have a marked protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric injury, with the same potency as that of the typical antiulcer agent, Selbex. Whey protein isolate (WPI), which contained 25% alpha-LA, also protected against gastric injury, while casein showed no effect. Comparative studies on the protective effect of the four major components of WPI, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-LA, bovine serum albumin and gamma-globulins (immunoglobulins), on the basis of their contents in WPI revealed that alpha-LA was responsible for the protective effect of WPI, being about 4-fold more effective than WPI itself. Alpha-LA showed dose-dependent protection against gastric injury induced by stress as well as ethanol. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg body weight, s.c.), which is a potent inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, resulted in a significant reduction in the protective effect of alpha-LA. These results indicate that alpha-LA has marked antiulcer activity as an active component of cow's milk protein, and suggest that alpha-LA intake may serve to protect against gastric mucosal injury, in part through endogenous prostaglandin synthesis.
AAB-Sequence Living Radical Chain Copolymerization of Naturally Occurring Limonene with Maleimide: An End-to-End Sequence-Regulated Copolymer (2010)

Sequence control in chain-growth polymerization is still one of the most challenging topics in synthetic polymer chemistry in contrast to natural macromolecules with completely sequence-regulated structures like proteins and DNA. Here, we report the quantitative and highly selective 1:2 sequence-regulated radical copolymerization of naturally occurring (+)-d-limonene (L) and a maleimide (M) in fluoroalcohol giving chiral copolymers with high glass transition temperatures (220-250 degrees C) originating from the specific rigid cyclic structures of the monomers. Furthermore, the combination with a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent (C-S) via the controlled/living radical polymerization resulted in end-to-end sequence-regulated copolymers [C-(M-M-L)(n)-M-S] with both highly sequenced chain ends and main-chain repeating units as well as controlled molecular weights.
<i>ETV6</i> gene rearrangements in invasive breast carcinoma (2005)

The ETV6/TEL gene encodes a transcription factor frequently rearranged in several types of cancer. We looked for ETV6 rearrangements in invasive breast cancer using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of BAC probes on sections of tissue microarrays containing 632 tumor samples. Of these samples, signal of sufficient quality for screening by FISH was obtained for 356. Five cases (one lobular, one nontypical secretory, one mixed, and two ductal carcinomas) showed ETV6 rearrangement.
A preliminary<i>in vitro</i>assessment of GroBiotic®-A, brewer's yeast and fructooligosaccharide as prebiotics for the red drum<i>Sciaenops ocellatus</i> (2008)

This study examined the effects of brewers yeast, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), and GroBiotic-A, a mixture of partially autolyzed brewers yeast, dairy components and dried fermentation products, on the intestinal microbial community of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts were aseptically removed from three sub-adult red drum previously maintained on a commercial diet and placed in an anaerobic chamber. Intestinal contents were removed, diluted and incubated in vitro in one of four liquid media: normal diet alone, diet + 2% (w/w) GroBiotic-A, diet + 2% brewers yeast, and diet + 2% FOS. After 24 and 48 h of incubation at 25 degrees C, supernatants were removed for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis and DNA was extracted for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on a highly conserved region of M 16S rDNA and the amplicons were subjected to DGGE. The microbial community (MC) fingerprint was used to distinguish microbial populations. The intestinal contents incubated with GroBiotic-A had significantly (P<0.05) higher acetate and total VFA concentrations at 48 h compared to the other treatments. DGGE analysis demonstrated that the microbial community was significantly altered by Grobiotic-A and brewers yeast.
Temporal Plan Quality Improvement and Repair using Local Search (2014)

This paper presents an approach to repair or improve the quality of plans which make use of temporal and numeric constructs. While current state-of-the-art temporal planners are biased towards minimising makespan, the focus of this approach is to maximise plan quality. Local search is used to explore the neighbourhood of an input seed plan and find valid plans of a better quality with respect to the specified cost function. Experiments show that this algorithm is effective to improve plans generated by other planners, or to perform plan repair when the problem definition changes during the execution of a plan.
Suspended Collagen Hydrogels to Replicate Human Colonic Epithelial Cell Interactions with Immune Cells (2022)

The human colon plays a critical role in fluid and salt absorption and harbors the largest immune compartment. There is a widespread need for in vitro models of human colon physiology with its innate immune system. A method is described to produce a cassette with a network of struts supporting a suspended, non-chemically cross-linked collagen hydrogel scaffold compatible with the co-culture of primary gastrointestinal epithelium and migratory inflammatory cells. The epithelial monolayer cultured on the suspended collagen possesses a population of polarized and differentiated cells similar to that present in vivo. This epithelial layer displays proper barrier function with a transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) ≥ 1,500 Ω cm<sup>2</sup> and an apparent permeability ≤10<sup>-5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> . Immune cells plated on the basal face of the scaffold transmigrated over a period of 24 h to the epithelial layer in response to epithelial production of IL-8 induced by luminal stimulation of Clostridium difficile Toxin A. These studies demonstrate that this in vitro platform possesses a functional primary colonic epithelial layer with an immune cell compartment capable of recruitment in response to pro-inflammatory cues coming from the epithelium.
Cell patterning using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force (2007)

Technologies for fabricating functional tissue architectures by patterning cells precisely are highly desirable for tissue engineering. Although several cell patterning methods such as microcontact printing and lithography have been developed, these methods require specialized surfaces to be used as substrates, the fabrication of which is time consuming. In the present study, we demonstrated a simple and rapid cell patterning technique, using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force, which enables us to allocate cells on arbitrary surfaces. Magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs) developed in our previous study were used to magnetically label the target cells. When steel plates placed on a magnet were positioned under a cell culture surface, the magnetically labeled cells lined on the surface where the steel plate was positioned. Patterned lines of single cells were achieved by adjusting the number of cells seeded, and complex cell patterns (curved, parallel, or crossing patterns) were successfully fabricated. Since cell patterning using magnetic force may not limit the property of culture surfaces, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were patterned on Matrigel, thereby forming patterned capillaries. These results suggest that the novel cell patterning methodology, which uses MCLs, is a promising approach for tissue engineering and studying cell-cell interactions in vitro.