gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue With Lipoprotein Particle Number and Size in Type 2 Diabetes (2008)

In patients with type 2 diabetes, higher VAT independent of BMI was associated with higher VLDL and LDL particle number, larger VLDL particles, and smaller LDL and HDL particles. This lipoprotein pattern has been associated with increased risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Production of Biogas from Kitchen Waste with Inoculum and Study the Effect of Different Parameters (2019)

Household kitchen waste quantity is increasing rapidly because of the population explosion. Agricultural growth and intensive animal farming are generating a large quantity of bio waste. Disposing of this huge amount of waste is a serious environmental issue of the world. This waste can be used as an alternative source for the generation of green fuel by converting it to biogas. Though, a lot of work has been done on biogas production from conventional feedstock. However, it is highly desired to improve and optimize the process with kitchen waste used as feedstock. In this paper, cost-effective, environmentally friendly and high-quality biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste mixture with inoculum. Inoculum is used as a source of microbial population. It is prepared by mixing of cow dung and water with a weight ratio of 1:5. The effect of temperature, pH, and the weight ratio of inoculum/kitchen waste on the production of biogas has been studied. The results indicated that the optimum pH value is 7.5 and for the maximum production of biogas temperature should be 37 ˚C. The optimum weight ratio of inoculum/kitchen waste is 60/40. The quality of biogas is improved by the absorption of CO2 from it with the aid of absorber contains 2 M solution of NaOH. The gas was burnt smoothly with a blue flame. This indicates the high content of CH4 in biogas. It is a green heating and cooking fuel and can be used for transport and power generation.
FedAT: A Communication-Efficient Federated Learning Method with Asynchronous Tiers under Non-IID Data. (2020)

Federated learning (FL) involves training a model over massive distributed devices, while keeping the training data localized. This form of collaborative learning exposes new tradeoffs among model convergence speed, model accuracy, balance across clients, and communication cost, with new challenges including: (1) straggler problem, where the clients lag due to data or (computing and network) resource heterogeneity, and (2) communication bottleneck, where a large number of clients communicate their local updates to a central server and bottleneck the server. Many existing FL methods focus on optimizing along only one dimension of the tradeoff space. Existing solutions use asynchronous model updating or tiering-based synchronous mechanisms to tackle the straggler problem. However, the asynchronous methods can easily create a network communication bottleneck, while tiering may introduce biases as tiering favors faster tiers with shorter response latencies. To address these issues, we present FedAT, a novel Federated learning method with Asynchronous Tiers under Non-i.i.d. data. FedAT synergistically combines synchronous intra-tier training and asynchronous cross-tier training. By bridging the synchronous and asynchronous training through tiering, FedAT minimizes the straggler effect with improved convergence speed and test accuracy. FedAT uses a straggler-aware, weighted aggregation heuristic to steer and balance the training for further accuracy improvement. FedAT compresses the uplink and downlink communications using an efficient, polyline-encoding-based compression algorithm, therefore minimizing the communication cost. Results show that FedAT improves the prediction performance by up to 21.09%, and reduces the communication cost by up to 8.5x, compared to state-of-the-art FL methods.
A nitrogen-doped graphene cathode for high-capacitance aluminum-ion hybrid supercapacitors (2018)

A long-life and high-capacitance (254 F g<sup>−1</sup>) pseudocapacitive nitrogen-doped graphene cathode was employed in aluminum-ion hybrid supercapacitors.
A wideband highly efficient class-J integrated power amplifier for 5G applications (2017)

Next generation mobile systems are expanding their spectrum to millimeter wave frequency bands to support data rates up to multigigabits per second. The power amplifier is a critical element of the radiofrequency front-end in terms of power consumption and bandwidth. In this work, we present the design of a fully integrated wideband high efficiency class-J power amplifier. Post-layout simulation results show a broadband behavior of the amplifier over 12 GHz of bandwidth with a saturated power of 16.3 dBm and a peak power added efficiency of 39 % at 28 GHz. In addition, the linearity of the amplifier is reconfigurable thanks to the back-gate of the 28nm CMOS FD-SOI technology.
A single administration of the hallucinogen, 4‐acetoxy‐dimethyltryptamine, prevents the shift to a drug‐dependent state and the expression of withdrawal aversions in rodents (2017)

Despite several studies suggesting the therapeutic use of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors type 2A (5-HT<sub>2A</sub> ) agonists in the treatment of substance use disorders, the neurobiological basis accounting for such effects are still unknown. It has been observed that chronic exposure to drugs of abuse produces molecular and cellular adaptations in ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons, mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These BDNF-induced adaptations in the VTA are associated with the establishment of aversive withdrawal motivation that leads to a drug-dependent state. Growing evidence suggests that 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor signaling can regulate the expression of BDNF in the brain. In this study, we observed that a single systemic or intra-VTA administration of a 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> agonist in rats and mice blocks both the aversive conditioned response to drug withdrawal and the mechanism responsible for switching from a drug-naive to a drug-dependent motivational system. Our results suggest that 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> agonists could be used as therapeutic agents to reverse a drug dependent state, as well as inhibiting the aversive effects produced by drug withdrawal.
RNA structure analysis using methidiumpropyl-EDTA.Fe(II): a base-pair-specific RNA structure probe. (1984)

Methidiumpropyl-EDTA.Fe(II) [MPE.Fe(II)] in the presence of dithiothreitol, is shown to cleave phenylalanine-accepting tRNA (tRNAPhe) in a structure-specific fashion. Molar ratios of MPE.Fe(II) to tRNAPhe of less than 1 preferentially cleave phosphodiester bonds known to occur in double-stranded regions of the tRNAPhe molecule. Microdensitometric analysis of autoradiograms of MPE.Fe(II) cleavage products following gel electrophoresis reveals a correspondence between preferred sites of MPE.Fe(II) cleavage and sites in tRNAPhe most sensitive to cobra venom ribonuclease, a double-strand-specific endoribonuclease. Conversely, sites of cleavage by the single-strand-specific S1 nuclease correspond to those nucleotides that are least susceptible to MPE.Fe(II) hydrolysis. Sensitive helical regions in tRNAPhe include the dihydrouracil and the "T psi C" stems, which cannot be detected by cobra venom ribonuclease because of steric constraints. Phosphodiester bonds within the T psi C and dihydrouracil loop regions, which are not detected by S1 nuclease under rigorously controlled digestion conditions, are revealed by inference from their relative insensitivity to MPE.Fe(II). These results demonstrate the utility of MPE.Fe(II) as a general small molecular weight probe of RNA structure, having a greater accessibility to base-paired regions than do the more bulky enzymic probes.
Personalized trading recommendation system (2003)

The Stock Tracker is a personalized recommendation system for trading stocks. The system tailors its buy, sell, and hold recommendations to individual users through automatically acquired content-based models of user preferences. It relies on data gathered unobtrusively during the natural course of interacting with a user.
Solid‐Liquid Equilibrium of <i>Tröger</i>'s Base Enantiomers in Ethanol: Experiments and Modelling (2004)

Abstract Thermodynamic properties of the enantiomers of the Tröger 's base as crystals and in ethanol solutions have been studied by means of a suite of analytical techniques. We report the melting diagrams of the two enantiomers, providing evidence for the formation of a solid racemic compound. We present also ternary equilibrium data about the solubility of the two enantiomers in ethanol at 25°, 35°, and 50°. The melting‐diagram data are described well by the SchroederVan Laar and PrigogineVieland equations, when the melting temperatures and enthalpies of pure enantiomer and of the racemic compound are provided and with the assumption that the melting behavior is ideal. The ternary equilibrium data were well‐described when nonideality of mixtures of ethanol and the enantiomers is accounted for in terms of the non‐random two liquids (NRTL) model. Finally, we present the newly determined X‐ray crystal structure of an orthorhombic form of the pure Tröger 's base (+)‐enantiomer.
Great SCOT! Rapid tool for carbon sequestration science, engineering, and economics (2020)

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is likely to be widely deployed in the coming decades in response to major climate and economics drivers: CCS is part of every clean energy pathway that limits global warming to 2 ​°C or less and receives significant CO2 tax credits in the United States. These drivers are likely to stimulate the capture, transport, and storage of hundreds of millions or billions of tonnes of CO2 annually. A key part of the CCS puzzle will be identifying and characterizing suitable storage sites for vast amounts of CO2. We introduce a new software tool called SCO2T (Sequestration of CO2 Tool, pronounced “Scott”), a dynamic CO2 injection and storage model, to rapidly characterize saline storage reservoirs. The tool is designed to rapidly screen hundreds of thousands of reservoirs, perform sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, and link sequestration engineering (injection rates, reservoir capacities, plume dimensions) to sequestration economics (costs constructed from around 70 separate economic inputs). We describe the novel science developments supporting SCO2T including a new approach to estimating CO2 injection rates and CO2 plume dimensions as well as key advances linking sequestration engineering with economics. We perform a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of geology parameter combinations—including formation depth, thickness, permeability, porosity, and temperature—to understand the impact on carbon sequestration. Through the sensitivity analysis, we show that increasing depth and permeability both can lead to increased CO2 injection rates, increased storage potential, and reduced costs, while increasing porosity reduces costs without impacting the injection rate (CO2 is injected at a constant pressure in all cases) by increasing the reservoir capacity. Through uncertainty analysis—where formation thickness, permeability, and porosity are randomly sampled—we show that final sequestration costs are normally distributed with upper bound costs around 50% higher than the lower bound costs. While site selection decisions will ultimately require detailed site characterization and permitting, SCO2T provides an inexpensive dynamic screening tool that can help prioritize projects based on the complex interplay of reservoir, infrastructure (e.g., proximity to pipelines), and other (e.g., land use, legal) constraints on the suitability of certain regions for CCS.
Radiation Detection: Concepts, Methods, and Devices (2020)

Radiation Detection: Concepts, Methods, and Devices provides a modern overview of radiation detection devices and radiation measurement methods. The book topics have been selected on the basis of the authors’ many years of experience designing radiation detectors and teaching radiation detection and measurement in a classroom environment. This book is designed to give the reader more than a glimpse at radiation detection devices and a few packaged equations. Rather it seeks to provide an understanding that allows the reader to choose the appropriate detection technology for a particular application, to design detectors, and to competently perform radiation measurements. The authors describe assumptions used to derive frequently encountered equations used in radiation detection and measurement, thereby providing insight when and when not to apply the many approaches used in different aspects of radiation detection. Detailed in many of the chapters are specific aspects of radiation detectors, including comprehensive reviews of the historical development and current state of each topic. Such a review necessarily entails citations to many of the important discoveries, providing a resource to find quickly additional and more detailed information. This book generally has five main themes: Physics and Electrostatics needed to Design Radiation Detectors Properties and Design of Common Radiation Detectors Description and Modeling of the Different Types of Radiation Detectors Radiation Measurements and Subsequent Analysis Introductory Electronics Used for Radiation Detectors Topics covered include atomic and nuclear physics, radiation interactions, sources of radiation, and background radiation. Detector operation is addressed with chapters on radiation counting statistics, radiation source and detector effects, electrostatics for signal generation, solid-state and semiconductor physics, background radiations, and radiation counting and spectroscopy. Detectors for gamma-rays, charged-particles, and neutrons are detailed in chapters on gas-filled, scintillator, semiconductor, thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence, photographic film, and a variety of other detection devices.
健康な学生にみられる不整脈の研究（第1報） : 心室性期外収縮と心拍数との関係 (1989)

We studied the physical fitness and the relationship between ventricular premature contraction (VPC) and heart rate (HR), using 24-hour ambulatory ECG recording in 13 healthy students, who were pointed out VPC at the annual health check in Spring, 1988. The maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) was calculated by the modified Astrand method indirectely. Plots of VPC frequency vs. heart rate were made at 1-beat/min intervals for all heart rates that were recorded during 24 hours. The results were as follows; (1) Patterns of relationship between VPC frequency and heart rate observed include : (1) an increase of VPCs at high heart rate (positive correlation) in one student, (2) an increase at low heart rate and a decrease at high heart rate (bi-directional correlation) in 2 students. (3) a linear decrease (negative correlation) in 10 students. (2) Two students with positive correlation pattern or frequent couplets showed lower Vo2 max (26.6+-4.2ml/min/kg) than the other students with negative correlation pattern (41.2+-4.0ml/min/kg). These results suggest that positive correlation pattern or harmful types were rare in VPC of healthy young men and correlated with low physical fitness.
The Claremont report on database research (2008)

In late May, 2008, a group of database researchers, architects, users and pundits met at the Claremont Resort in Berkeley, California to discuss the state of the research field and its impacts on practice. This was the seventh meeting of this sort in twenty years, and was distinguished by a broad consensus that we are at a turning point in the history of the field, due both to an explosion of data and usage scenarios, and to major shifts in computing hardware and platforms. Given these forces, we are at a time of opportunity for research impact, with an unusually large potential for influential results across computing, the sciences and society. This report details that discussion, and highlights the group's consensus view of new focus areas, including new database engine architectures, declarative programming languages, the interplay of structured and unstructured data, cloud data services, and mobile and virtual worlds. We also report on discussions of the community's growth, including suggestions for changes in community processes to move the research agenda forward, and to enhance impact on a broader audience.
A three‐dimensional free‐breathing sequence for simultaneous myocardial T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> mapping (2018)

Simulations and phantom experiments show that the measured T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> are largely insensitive to heart rate. In vivo whole-heart maps with a voxel size of 1.5 × 1.5 × 16 mm<sup>3</sup> were acquired without parallel imaging within ~ 8 min including respiratory gating efficiency. The in vivo parametric maps were homogeneous (coefficients of variation of left ventricle myocardium were 6.0% ± 0.8% and 10.2% ± 3.4% for T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> maps, respectively), with an average T<sub>1</sub> value of 1470 ± 59.2 ms and T<sub>2</sub> value of 41.6 ± 1.8 ms CONCLUSIONS: The proposed 3D technique allows for measurement of whole-heart T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> with preserved accuracy and precision in a single scan.
Mice expressing a mutant form of fibrinogen that cannot support fibrin formation exhibit compromised antimicrobial host defense (2015)

Fibrin(ogen) is central to hemostasis and thrombosis and also contributes to multiple physiologic and pathologic processes beyond coagulation. However, the precise contribution of soluble fibrinogen vs insoluble fibrin matrices to vascular integrity, tissue repair, inflammation, and disease has been undefined and unapproachable. To establish the means to distinguish fibrinogen- and fibrin-dependent processes in vivo, Fib(AEK) mice were generated that carry normal levels of circulating fibrinogen but lack the capacity for fibrin polymer formation due to a germ-line mutation in the Aα chain thrombin cleavage site. Homozygous Fib(AEK) mice developed to term and exhibited postnatal survival superior to that of fibrinogen-deficient mice. Unlike fibrinogen-deficient mice, platelet-rich plasma from Fib(AEK) mice supported normal platelet aggregation in vitro, highlighting that fibrinogen(AEK) retains the functional capacity to support interactions with platelets. Thrombin failed to release fibrinopeptide-A from fibrinogen(AEK) and failed to induce polymer formation with Fib(AEK) plasma or purified fibrinogen(AEK) in 37°C mixtures regardless of incubation time. Fib(AEK) mice displayed both an absence of fibrin polymer formation following liver injury, as assessed by electron microscopy, and a failure to generate stable occlusive thrombi following FeCl3 injury of carotid arteries. Fib(AEK) mice exhibited a profound impediment in Staphylococcus aureus clearance following intraperitoneal infection similar to fibrinogen-deficient mice, yet Fib(AEK) mice displayed a significant infection dose-dependent survival advantage over fibrinogen-deficient mice following peritonitis challenge. Collectively, these findings establish for the first time that fibrin polymer is the molecular form critical for antimicrobial mechanisms while simultaneously highlighting biologically meaningful contributions and functions of the soluble molecule.
Influence of Diaspore Seeding and Chloride Concentration on the Transformation of “Diasporic” Precursors to Corundum (2001)

“Diasporic” precursors derived from sols formed by the controlled hydrolysis of aluminum sec‐butoxide in the presence of HCl yielded mixtures of corundum and amorphous alumina when calcined between 500° and 800°C. The fraction of corundum in the calcined products depended on the HCl/alkoxide ratio used during hydrolysis and was maximized at 64 wt% when the molar ratio was 1. Precursors formed from sols hydrolyzed in the presence of HNO 3 rather than HCl yielded only amorphous products or transition aluminas when treated below 900°C. The corundum yield of the precursors was enhanced when they were seeded with diaspore (α‐AlOOH) crystals. Precursors synthesized with an HCl/alkoxide ratio of 1 and seeded with 7.6 × 10 16 diaspore seeds/(mol of Al 2 O 3 ) were transformed to phase‐pure corundum within 12 h at 700°C. Based on studies of the phase evolution of the precursors during calcining, it was concluded that the diaspore seeds promoted conversion by acting as corundum nuclei once they decomposed at ∼450°C.
Microfabricated immune-isolating devices for transplanting therapeutic cells in vivo (2016)

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Distinct Domains of Musk Mediate Its Abilities to Induce and to Associate with Postsynaptic Specializations (1999)

Agrin released from motor nerve terminals activates a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) in muscle cells to trigger formation of the skeletal neuromuscular junction. A key step in synaptogenesis is the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the postsynaptic membrane, a process that requires the AChR-associated protein, rapsyn. Here, we mapped domains on MuSK necessary for its interactions with agrin and rapsyn. Myotubes from MuSK(-/)- mutant mice form no AChR clusters in response to agrin, but agrin-responsiveness is restored by the introduction of rat MuSK or a Torpedo orthologue. Thus, MuSK(-/)- myotubes provide an assay system for the structure-function analysis of MuSK. Using this system, we found that sequences in or near the first of four extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains in MuSK are required for agrin responsiveness, whereas sequences in or near the fourth immunoglobulin-like domain are required for interaction with rapsyn. Analysis of the cytoplasmic domain revealed that a recognition site for the phosphotyrosine binding domain-containing proteins is essential for MuSK activity, whereas consensus binding sites for the PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1-like domain-containing proteins and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase are dispensable. Together, our results indicate that the ectodomain of MuSK mediates both agrin- dependent activation of a complex signal transduction pathway and agrin-independent association of the kinase with other postsynaptic components. These interactions allow MuSK not only to induce a multimolecular AChR-containing complex, but also to localize that complex to a primary scaffold in the postsynaptic membrane.
GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics analysis to investigate the changes driven by N-Acetylcysteine in the plant-pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (2021)

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant, anti-adhesive, and antimicrobial compound. Even though there is much information regarding the role of NAC as an antioxidant and anti-adhesive agent, little is known about its antimicrobial activity. In order to assess its mode of action in bacterial cells, we investigated the metabolic responses triggered by NAC at neutral pH. As a model organism, we chose the Gram-negative plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), the causal agent of citrus canker disease, due to the potential use of NAC as a sustainable molecule against phytopathogens dissemination in citrus cultivated areas. In presence of NAC, cell proliferation was affected after 4 h, but damages to the cell membrane were observed only after 24 h. Targeted metabolite profiling analysis using GC-MS/TOF unravelled that NAC seems to be metabolized by the cells affecting cysteine metabolism. Intriguingly, glutamine, a marker for nitrogen status, was not detected among the cells treated with NAC. The absence of glutamine was followed by a decrease in the levels of the majority of the proteinogenic amino acids, suggesting that the reduced availability of amino acids affect protein synthesis and consequently cell proliferation.