gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Clustering Given Confidence Intervals of Metric Distances (2016)

This paper considers metric spaces where distances between a pair of nodes are represented by distance intervals. The goal is to study methods for the determination of hierarchical clusters, i.e., a family of nested partitions indexed by a resolution parameter, induced from the given distance intervals of the metric spaces. Our construction of hierarchical clustering methods is based on defining admissible methods to be those methods that abide to the axioms of value - nodes in a metric space with two nodes are clustered together at the convex combination of the distance bounds between them - and transformation - when both distance bounds are reduced, the output may become more clustered but not less. Two admissible methods are constructed and are shown to provide universal upper and lower bounds in the space of admissible methods. Practical implications are explored by clustering moving points via snapshots and by clustering networks representing brain structural connectivity using the lower and upper bounds of the network distance. The proposed clustering methods succeed in identifying underlying clustering structures via the maximum and minimum distances in all snapshots, as well as in differentiating brain connectivity networks of patients from those of healthy controls.
Geometrical characteristics of phase and group velocity surfaces in anisotropic media (2020)

ABSTRACT The phase and group velocity surfaces are essential for wave propagation in anisotropic media. These surfaces have certain features that, especially, for shear waves result in complications for modelling and inversion of recorded wavefields. To analyse wave propagation in an anisotropic model, it is important to identify these features in both the phase and group domains. We propose few characteristics for this analysis: the energy flux angle, decomposed in the polar and azimuth angle correction angles and enhancement factor, which is able to characterize both singularity points and triplication zones. The very simple equation that controls the triplications is derived in the phase domain. The proposed characteristics are illustrated for elastic and acoustic anisotropic models of different symmetry classes.
The human placental alkaline phosphatase gene and related sequences map to chromosome 2 band q37 (1987)

A human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) cDNA was isolated from a lambda gt 10 library of the cell line HEp-2. Southern blots probed with a fragment of the cDNA clone showed that the human genome may contain more than one PLAP-related sequence. The PLAP probe showed person-to-person variation in banding pattern with a number of enzymes. Using a panel of human/rodent somatic cell hybrids the PLAP sequences were mapped to chromosome 2. In situ hybridization confirmed this assignment and localized the gene(s) to chromosome 2 band q37.
Manufacture and Performance of a 60GHz-Band High-Efficiency Antenna with a Thick Resin Layer and the Feed through a Hole in a Silicon Chip (2013)

As a first step towards the realization of high-efficiency on-chip antennas for 60GHz-band wireless personal area networks, this paper proposes the fabrication of a patch antenna placed on a 200µm thick dielectric resin and fed through a hole in a silicon chip. Despite the large tan δ of the adopted material (0.015 at 50GHz), the thick resin reduces the conductor loss at the radiating element and a radiation efficiency of 78%, which includes the connecting loss from the bottom is predicted by simulation. This calculated value is verified in the millimeter-wave band by experiments in a reverberation chamber. Six stirrers are installed, one on each wall in the chamber, to create a statistical Rayleigh environment. The manufactured prototype antenna with a test jig demonstrates the radiation efficiency of 75% in the reverberation chamber. This agrees well with the simulated value of 76%, while the statistical measurement uncertainty of our handmade reverberation chamber is calculated as ±0.14dB.
Phonon Dominated Heat Conduction Normal to Mo/Si Multilayers with Period below 10 nm (2012)

Thermal conduction in periodic multilayer composites can be strongly influenced by nonequilibrium electron-phonon scattering for periods shorter than the relevant free paths. Here we argue that two additional mechanisms-quasiballistic phonon transport normal to the metal film and inelastic electron-interface scattering-can also impact conduction in metal/dielectric multilayers with a period below 10 nm. Measurements use the 3ω method with six different bridge widths down to 50 nm to extract the in- and cross-plane effective conductivities of Mo/Si (2.8 nm/4.1 nm) multilayers, yielding 15.4 and 1.2 W/mK, respectively. The cross-plane thermal resistance is lower than can be predicted considering volume and interface scattering but is consistent with a new model built around a film-normal length scale for phonon-electron energy conversion in the metal. We introduce a criterion for the transition from electron to phonon dominated heat conduction in metal films bounded by dielectrics.
A Review of Capacitive Return Electrodes in Electrosurgery (2021)

Background: Monopolar electrosurgery, one of the most widely used techniques in surgery, requires two electrodes: a working electrode and a return electrode. Commonly, adhesive or “sticky” pads that attach directly to the patient are used as return electrodes. Acting as electrolytic conductors, adhesive pads are highly effective, but require some effort to apply and remove, and if improperly placed or partially detached may lead to high electrical current density and the potential for pad site burns. Alternatively, a capacitive return electrode, such as the Mega Soft pad, may be used that works on the same principle as a two-plate capacitor. Objective: This article details the technology underlying capacitive electrodes, reviews the scientific literature to-date, and provides recommendations on how to best use the Mega Soft pad. Results: No direct contact is required between the pad and patient, and the return electrode is designed so that current density is limited regardless of pad placement, reducing the risk of pad site burn. Although the technology is now mature, having been in the field for over 20 years, best practices for optimal performance from capacitive return electrodes are still not widespread, and misunderstandings persist regarding use of capacitive electrodes with contact monitoring systems and implantable electronic devices. Conclusion: With proper training, capacitive return electrodes may be substituted for conventional adhesive pads with the benefits of easier application and reduced risk of pad site burns.
High‐Throughput Tumor‐on‐a‐Chip Platform to Study Tumor–Stroma Interactions and Drug Pharmacokinetics (2020)

Drug screening in oncology, especially for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), has high demand but remains unsatisfactory. Currently available models are either nonrepresentative of the complex tumor microenvironment or only suitable for low throughput screening, resulting in a low-yield success for drug development. To tackle these issues, the L-TumorChip system is developed in this study. It is a three-layered microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip platform integrating tumor microvasculature and tumor-stromal microenvironment with high throughput screening capability. Its layered and modular design is readily scalable through simple integration of multiple units. Here, L-TumorChip is validated with a TNBC model. The L-TumorChip system emulates certain tumor-stroma complexities and tumor-endothelium interactions, including TNBC invasion through the leaky microvasculature and angiogenesis. Additionally, with this L-TumorChip, the influence of different stromal cells, including normal fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), on cancer cell growth as well as the stromal effects on drug responses to doxorubicin treatment is investigated. The presence of CAF delays drug pharmacokinetics, while apoptotic responses indicated by caspase-3 activities are higher in coculture with normal fibroblasts. Collectively, the L-TumorChip system represents a translational high-throughput screening toolkit that enables drug screening with a scenario closer to the in vivo conditions. This potential use may therefore facilitate development of new cancer drugs.
Towards Semantic Scene Segmentation for Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles (2020)

The development of autonomous agricultural vehicles depends on accurate visual interpretation of the environment. Semantic pixel-wise segmentation plays an important role in achieving a more detailed description of the scene and understanding of the spatial-relationship between different objects. In this paper, a deep architecture for road scene and indoor scene segmentation, SegNet, is applied in solving the scene recognition problem for the agricultural environment. The network is trained on an agriculture image dataset collected during field operation. The problem focuses on the segmentation of five classes of structures commonly found in the fields: vegetation, grass, ground, crop field and obstacles. We apply frequency balancing to address the challenge of class imbalance and transfer learning technique. The quantitative performance of the network is evaluated using pixel accuracy and intersection over union metrics. Moreover, we present an approach for an infield qualitative validation of the trained network.
Resistance of uveal melanoma to the interstrand cross-linking agent mitomycin C is associated with reduced expression of CYP450R (2011)

We suggest that reduced expression of CYP450R is responsible for MMC resistance of UM, through a lack of bioactivation, which can be reversed by complementing UM cell lines with CYP450R.
F center in sodium electrosodalite as a physical manifestation of a non-nuclear attractor in the electron density (1999)

The structure of sodium electrosodalite (SES), ${\mathrm{Na}}_{8}({\mathrm{AlSiO}}_{4}{)}_{6},$ has been determined at 20 K using synchrotron powder diffraction. Subsequently the electron density was calculated through a periodic unrestricted Hartree-Fock approach and analyzed by topological methods. The F center is found to manifest itself as a maximum in the electron density at a non-nuclear position. Thus it possesses a separate identity and behaves quantum mechanically as an open system, bounded by a surface of local zero flux in the gradient vector field of the electron density. Different basis sets have been considered, and the introduction of a basis set capable of describing the F center leads to a large drop in the total energy. The F center contains almost solely unpaired electron density which is loosely bound and exhibits a very low kinetic energy density. Calculations on both a ferromagnetic and an antiferromagnetic phase have been performed and the total electron densities in the two phases are found to be very similar, with the alternating ordering of the spin density being the only difference between the two phases. The electron localization function has been introduced for an open-shell system and has been used to illustrate the magnetic phase transition.
A generalized object model (1986)

article Free Access Share on A generalized object model Authors: Van Nguyen IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile , Brent Hailpern IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 21Issue 10Oct. 1986 pp 78–87https://doi.org/10.1145/323648.323745Online:01 June 1986Publication History 17citation248DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations17Total Downloads248Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Preparación y caracterización de espumas multifuncionales de polipropileno (2010)

La combinación de la espumación junto con refuerzos funcionales permite ampliar el rango de propiedades de los sólidos, añadiendo a una elevada rigidez específica la regulación de otras características como las propiedades de transporte. Aunque las espumas poliolefínicas se encuentren extendidas, las ventajas de emplear PP en lugar de PE sólo empiezan a ser importantes para densidades &gt; 100 kg/m3. Por ello, en este trabajo se presenta el estudio de la influencia de la espumación e incorporación de varios refuerzos en las propiedades de espumas de PP de densidad media-alta. Se muestra que la presencia de nanopartículas de montmorillonita induce estructuras celulares más isotrópicas, mejorando su comportamiento mecánico, pero sin alterar la conductividad térmica [1-2]. La incorporación de elevados porcentajes de carga mineral resulta en espumas rígidas con marcadas anisotropías celulares y térmicas, e interesantes propiedades de resistencia al fuego. También pueden obtenerse espumas conductoras eléctricas por incorporación de nanofibras de carbono con posibilidades en aplicaciones como el pintado electrostático
Gamut Mapping in RGB Colour Spaces with the Iterative Ratios Diffusion Algorithm (2017)

Different reproduction devices can have different sets of reproducible colours. These sets are called gamuts. The process of transforming colours from one device (or image) gamut to another is called gamut mapping. Gamut mapping has many technical issues to be considered: the used colour space, direction and magnitude of the mapping and whether and to which extent ingamut colours should be altered. Spatially invariant algorithms treat all the pixels independently on their position in the image. Spatially variant (local) algorithms allows a better rendition but introduces the problem of artefacts and/or haloing in the resulting image. In this paper we propose a spatially variant gamut mapping algorithm that creates virtually no artefacts nor haloing in the resulting image. We start from an analysis of the Retinex algorithm and devise proper functionals to build an algorithm which tries to maintain spatial ratios in the image while mapping it into the gamut and, at the same time, avoids all drawbacks of Retinex approaches. We suggest to perform the mapping in an RGB colour space rather than one of the perceptually more homogeneous ones. Although less homogeneous, we experimentally show that RGB colour spaces actually have better hue constancy according to a certain criterion.
Discussion of Lessons Learned From the First Quadruple Extremity Transplantation in the World (2014)

From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Received April 28, 2014, and accepted for publication, after revision, May 5, 2014. Reprints: Chad R. Gordon, DO, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine/The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 601 N. Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287. E-mail: [email protected].
Duration of Diabetes and Prediabetes During Adulthood and Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Dysfunction in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study (2018)

Durations of diabetes and prediabetes during adulthood are both independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in middle age.
Artificial intelligence for waste management in smart cities: a review (2023)

The rising amount of waste generated worldwide is inducing issues of pollution, waste management, and recycling, calling for new strategies to improve the waste ecosystem, such as the use of artificial intelligence. Here, we review the application of artificial intelligence in waste-to-energy, smart bins, waste-sorting robots, waste generation models, waste monitoring and tracking, plastic pyrolysis, distinguishing fossil and modern materials, logistics, disposal, illegal dumping, resource recovery, smart cities, process efficiency, cost savings, and improving public health. Using artificial intelligence in waste logistics can reduce transportation distance by up to 36.8%, cost savings by up to 13.35%, and time savings by up to 28.22%. Artificial intelligence allows for identifying and sorting waste with an accuracy ranging from 72.8 to 99.95%. Artificial intelligence combined with chemical analysis improves waste pyrolysis, carbon emission estimation, and energy conversion. We also explain how efficiency can be increased and costs can be reduced by artificial intelligence in waste management systems for smart cities.
Biallelic mutations in <i>RNF220</i> cause laminopathies featuring leukodystrophy, ataxia and deafness (2021)

Leukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of rare inherited disorders that mostly involve the white matter of the CNS. These conditions are characterized by primary glial cell and myelin sheath pathology of variable aetiology, which causes secondary axonal degeneration, generally emerging with disease progression. Whole exome sequencing performed in five large consanguineous nuclear families allowed us to identify homozygosity for two recurrent missense variants affecting highly conserved residues of RNF220 as the causative event underlying a novel form of leukodystrophy with ataxia and sensorineural deafness. We report these two homozygous missense variants (p.R363Q and p.R365Q) in the ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF220 as the underlying cause of this novel form of leukodystrophy with ataxia and sensorineural deafness that includes fibrotic cardiomyopathy and hepatopathy as associated features in seven consanguineous families. Mass spectrometry analysis identified lamin B1 as the RNF220 binding protein and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated reduced binding of both RNF220 mutants to lamin B1. We demonstrate that RNF220 silencing in Drosophila melanogaster specifically affects proper localization of lamin Dm0, the fly lamin B1 orthologue, promotes its aggregation and causes a neurodegenerative phenotype, strongly supporting the functional link between RNF220 and lamin B1. Finally, we demonstrate that RNF220 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of nuclear morphology; mutations in primary skin fibroblasts determine nuclear abnormalities such as blebs, herniations and invaginations, which are typically observed in cells of patients affected by laminopathies. Overall, our data identify RNF220 as a gene implicated in leukodystrophy with ataxia and sensorineural deafness and document a critical role of RNF220 in the regulation of nuclear lamina. Our findings provide further evidence on the direct link between nuclear lamina dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
User scheduling in wireless information and power transfer networks (2014)

Wireless power transfer has been recognized as a promising energy harvesting technique. The aim of this paper is to characterize the impact of this new energy harvesting concept on user scheduling. Particularly a multi-user cooperative network is considered in this paper, where M source-destination (SD) pairs communicate with each other via an energy harvesting relay. When m = 1, the addressed scheduling problem is mathematically equivalent to relay selection for the scenario with one SD pair and M relays. It is well known that the max-min selection criterion has the capability to achieve the optimal diversity gain, and one important conclusion made in this paper is that the max-min approach can only achieve a diversity gain of M+1/2 in wireless power transfer systems. To compensate for this diversity loss, two user scheduling approaches are proposed in this paper and it is shown that both schemes can achieve larger diversity gains than the max-min approach.
Ion-Specific Aggregation of Gold?DNA Nanoparticles Using the dG Quartet Hairpin 5?-d(G4T4G4) (2005)

Ion-selective self-assembly of Au nanoparticles is described. The Oxytricha telomere DNA hairpin 5'-d(G4T4G4) immobilized on 13-nm Au nanoparticles forms a supramolecular assembly via dG-quartets, as determined by the color change and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aggregation is ion-dependent and selective for Na+ ions. K+ is less efficient, while Li+ and Cs+ do not drive the aggregation. This work is the first effort to explore the use of secondary structures of DNA (quadruplexes) for producing self-assemblies of Au nanoparticles. It can be utilized to generate novel devices and materials, potentially useful for sensing and other applications in medicinal or engineering science.
Comparative transcriptome analysis suggests convergent evolution of desiccation tolerance in Selaginella species (2020)

Reference transcriptomes generated in this work represent a valuable resource to study Selaginella biology and plant evolution in relation to DT. Our results provide evidence of convergent evolution of S. sellowii and S. lepidophylla due to the different gene sets that underwent selection to acquire DT.
Competing orders in colloidal kagome ice: Importance of the in-trap motion of the particles (2019)

Artificial ice systems have been designed to replicate paradigmatic phenomena observed in frustrated spin systems. Here, we present a detailed theoretical analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations of the low-energy phases in an artificial colloidal ice system, a recently introduced ice system where an ensemble of repulsive colloids are two-dimensionally confined by gravity to a lattice of double wells at a one-to-one filling. Triggered by recent results obtained by Brownian dynamics simulations [A. Lib\'al et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 027204 (2018)], we analyze the energetics and the phase transitions that occur in the honeycomb geometry (realizing the analog of a spin-ice system on a kagome lattice) when decreasing the temperature. When the particles are restricted to occupy the two minima of the potential well, we recover the same phase diagram as the dipolar spin-ice system, with a long-range-ordered chiral ground state. In contrast, when considering the particle motion and their relaxation within the traps, we observe ferromagnetic ordering at low temperature. This observation highlights the fundamental role played by the continuous motion of colloids in artificial ice systems.
The Effect of High Order Non-Linearities on Sub-Harmonic Excitation With Parallel Plate Capacitive Actuators (2007)

Electrostatic actuation of motion is commonly used in resonant MEMS. Drive signal feed-through is undesirable as it masks the detection signal. This paper reports analysis and demonstration of a resonant motion excitation scheme, which uses a combination of a DC bias with a sinusoidal AC voltage, frequency of which is twice of the mechanical resonant frequency. This configuration is experimentally demonstrated to excite a gyroscope with a parallel plate drive capacitor into high amplitude periodic vibrations. The feed-through has a frequency higher than the main motional harmonic and thus can be eliminated by simple low pass filtering. Full nonlinear dynamics along with several higher-order approximations are considered. Analysis of the effect of the approximation order on the frequency response accuracy shows that the complete nonlinear equation should be used for modeling of high amplitude actuation. Two distinct types of frequency responses are examined as functions of driving AC and DC voltages and damping.