gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast intermodal third harmonic generation in a liquid core step-index fiber filled with C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub> (2020)

Third harmonic generation in a circular liquid core step-index fiber filled with a highly transparent inorganic solvent is demonstrated experimentally using ultrafast pump pulses of different durations in the telecom domain for the first time. Specifically we achieve intermodal phase matching to the HE<sub>13</sub> higher order mode at the harmonic wavelength and found clear indications of a non-instantaneous molecular contribution to the total nonlinearity in the spectral broadening of the pump. Spectral power evolution and efficiency of the conversion process is studied for all pulse parameters, while we found the greatest photon yield for the longest pulses as well as an unexpected blue-shift of the third harmonic wavelength with increasing pump power. Our results provide the basis for future studies aiming at using this tunable fiber platform with a sophisticated nonlinear response in the context of harmonic generation.
Gas Turbine With Ceramic and Metal Components (2007)

To obtain a micro gas turbine with high turbine inlet temperature and efficiency, a series of running tests has been carried out. J-850 jet engine (Sophia Precision Co., Ltd.) was chosen as a base line machine. The turbine nozzle and the rotor are replaced to ceramic type. The observed problems occurring during the running test taught us various measures to improve heat tolerance of the engine. Especially, the ceramic nozzle vanes can be installed on a metal disk very simply. The disk structure enables us to replace blades with various shape and attack angles. We tried to operate several sets of ceramic components and metal components, such as a set of a ceramic turbine nozzle and an Inconel rotor, etc.
View Planning and Navigation Algorithms for Autonomous Bridge Inspection with UAVs (2019)

We study the problem of infrastructure inspection using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in box girder bridge environments. We consider a scenario where the UAV needs to fully inspect box girder bridges and localize along the bridge surface when standard methods like GPS and optical flow are denied. Our method for overcoming the difficulties of box girder bridges consist of creating local navigation routines, a supervisor, and a planner. The local navigation routines use two 2D Lidars for girder and column flight. For switching between local navigation routines we implement a supervisor which dictates when the UAV is able to switch between local navigation routines. Lastly, we implement a planner to calculate the path along that box girder bridge that will minimize the flight time of the UAV. With local navigation routines, a supervisor, and a planner we construct a system that can fully and autonomously inspect box girder bridges when standard methods are unavailable.
Interleukin 7 preferentially supports the growth of γδ T cell receptor-bearing T cells from fetal thymocytes <i>in vitro</i> (1991)

Murine fetal thymus cells were cultured with various interleukins (IL-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) in the absence or presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and it was found that only IL-4 and IL-7 induced a prominent proliferative response in the presence of PMA. A large proportion of cells grown in the cultures of fetal thymus cells (days 15 and 17 of gestation) stimulated with PMA plus IL-4 or with PMA plus IL-2 remained CD4-CD8-. In marked contrast, nearly 70% of the cells generated in the cultures of the same fetal thymocytes stimulated with PMA plus IL-7 expressed CD8 on their surface. Approximately 30% of these cells expressed TCR gamma, delta, whereas TCR alpha beta+ cells were virtually undetectable. The cells grown in cultures stimulated with PMA plus IL-7 comprised three populations: CD4-Lyt-2-3-, CD4-Lyt-2 + Lyt-3- and CD4-Lyt-2 + Lyt-3+, and that TCR gamma delta+ T cells were found in all three populations. It was also found that the addition of IL-7 in the culture of adult CD4-CD8- thymocytes on the monolayer of a thymic stromal cell line, which selectively promotes the generation of alpha beta T cells, resulted in the generation of gamma delta T cells. These results strongly suggest that IL-7 plays an important role in the development of gamma delta T cells.
Risk factors for nausea and vomiting following vitrectomyin adults (2006)

We conclude that female gender, lower BMI and inhalation anaesthesia are the main risk factors for PONV after vitrectomy in adults. Smoking status did not reduce the incidence of PONV in our patients.
A probabilistic framework for identifying biosignatures using Pathway Complexity (2017)

One thing that discriminates living things from inanimate matter is their ability to generate similarly complex or non-random structures in a large abundance. From DNA sequences to folded protein structures, living cells, microbial communities and multicellular structures, the material configurations in biology can easily be distinguished from non-living material assemblies. Many complex artefacts, from ordinary bioproducts to human tools, though they are not living things, are ultimately produced by biological processes-whether those processes occur at the scale of cells or societies, they are the consequences of living systems. While these objects are not living, they cannot randomly form, as they are the product of a biological organism and hence are either technological or cultural biosignatures. A generalized approach that aims to evaluate complex objects as possible biosignatures could be useful to explore the cosmos for new life forms. However, it is not obvious how it might be possible to create such a self-contained approach. This would require us to prove rigorously that a given artefact is too complex to have formed by chance. In this paper, we present a new type of complexity measure, which we call 'Pathway Complexity', that allows us not only to threshold the abiotic-biotic divide, but also to demonstrate a probabilistic approach based on object abundance and complexity which can be used to unambiguously assign complex objects as biosignatures. We hope that this approach will not only open up the search for biosignatures beyond the Earth, but also allow us to explore the Earth for new types of biology, and to determine when a complex chemical system discovered in the laboratory could be considered alive.This article is part of the themed issue 'Reconceptualizing the origins of life'.
Design and control of the first foldable single-actuator rotary wing micro aerial vehicle (2021)

The monocopter is a type of micro aerial vehicle largely inspired from the flight of botanical samaras (<i>Acer palmatum</i>). A large section of its fuselage forms the single wing where all its useful aerodynamic forces are generated, making it achieve a highly efficient mode of flight. However, compared to a multi-rotor of similar weight, monocopters can be large and cumbersome for transport, mainly due to their large and rigid wing structure. In this work, a monocopter with a foldable, semi-rigid wing is proposed and its resulting flight performance is studied. The wing is non-rigid when not in flight and relies on centrifugal forces to become straightened during flight. The wing construction uses a special technique for its lightweight and semi-rigid design, and together with a purpose-designed autopilot board, the entire craft can be folded into a compact pocketable form factor, decreasing its footprint by 69%. Furthermore, the proposed craft accomplishes a controllable flight in 5 degrees of freedom by using only one thrust unit. It achieves altitude control by regulating the force generated from the thrust unit throughout multiple rotations. Lateral control is achieved by pulsing the thrust unit at specific instances during each cycle of rotation. A closed-loop feedback control is achieved using a motion-captured camera system, where a hybrid proportional stabilizer controller and proportional-integral position controller are applied. Waypoint tracking, trajectory tracking and flight time tests were performed and analyzed. Overall, the vehicle weighs 69 g, achieves a maximum lateral speed of about 2.37 m s<sup>-1</sup>, an average power draw of 9.78 W and a flight time of 16 min with its semi-rigid wing.
Auto-measure emphysematous parameters and pathophysiological gene expression profiles in experimental mouse models of acute and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (2019)

Pulmonary emphysema, inflammation and senescence-like phenotype are pathophysiological characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently, a murine model of COPD has been established by inducing airway-specific overexpression of epithelial Na<sup>+</sup> channel β subunit (βENaC-Tg mice). However, little is known about the histological and biochemical differences between βENaC-Tg mice and an existing acute emphysematous mouse model (elastase-induced model). Here, we first utilized whole lung image-based quantification method for histological analysis to determine auto-measure parameters, including alveolar area, alveolar perimeter, (major axis + minor axis)/2 and Feret diameter. Even though the extent of emphysema was similar in both models, the coefficient of variation (CV) of all histological parameters was smaller in βENaC-Tg mice, indicating that βENaC-Tg mice show homogeneous emphysema as compared with elastase-induced acute model. Expression analysis of lung tissue RNAs further revealed that elastase-induced model exhibits transient changes of inflammation markers (Kc, Il-6, Lcn2) and senescence-related markers (Sirt1, p21) at emphysema-initiation stage (1 day), which does not last until emphysema-manifestation stage (3 weeks); while the up-regulation is stable at emphysema-manifestation stage in βENaC-Tg mice (14-week old). Thus, these studies demonstrate that βENaC-Tg mice exhibit diffuse-type emphysema with stable expression of inflammatory and senescence-like markers.
Freight Train Driving Strategies Developed for Undulating Track through Train Dynamics Research (2000)

Collaborative research agreements between Queensland Rail and Central Queensland University resulted in the development of a train dynamics test platform, the Multi-Wagon System (MWS). The MWS was used to record dynamic parameters on six wagons and driver actions and dynamic parameters at the locomotive over sixteen hundred kilometres of track from Brisbane to Cairns and return for a series of tests. Each test involved revenue-raising trains that were marshalled for load destination. Queensland Rail's driver training simulators and the Centre for Railway Engineering's longitudinal simulators were used to replay the recorded driving strategies. The train dynamics, fuel and brake usage, and running times resulting from these simulator runs were then compared with a range of alternative driving strategies. Driving strategies were developed for this particular section of track that optimised the three criteria: 1. Driving to meet schedule. 2. Driving to minimise energy consumption. 3. Driving to minimise train dynamics. The paper presents the details of the track section, details of the driving strategies that were recorded, details of the driving strategies that were trialed on the simulators and detailed analysis of the train dynamics that resulted from each strategy with respect to the above criteria.
A 3-D Parallel-Plate MEMS Accelerometer with a Gold Proof Mass (2019)

This paper presents a low-noise and high-sensitivity surface-micromachined 3-axis MEMS accelerometer for sub-mG (1 G=9.8 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) sensing. 3-D parallel-plate (3D-PP) electrodes for a single high-density proof mass made of gold are proposed for the first time, and the device characteristics are experimentally evaluated. When compared with conventional devices, the Brownian noise is nearly three orders of magnitude smaller and the capacitance sensitivity is two-to-three orders of magnitude larger.
170 (2014)

Melker, Richard1; Rice, Mark2; Deitte, Lori3; Morey, Timothy2; Cohen, Sean4; Rush, Matthew4; Dennis, Donn1 Author Information
Supplemental Data 1 from Adoptive Transfer of Autologous T Cells Improves T-cell Repertoire Diversity and Long-term B-cell Function in Pediatric Patients with Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Detailed flow cytometric analysis of expanded cells from children and adults&lt;/p&gt;
Kinetics of plasma homocysteine in healthy subjects after peroral homocysteine loading (1993)

The kinetics of plasma homocysteine were determined in 13 healthy subjects after peroral administration and in one person after intravenous injection. Various forms of homocysteine completely dissolved in an aqueous solution were rapidly absorbed after peroral administration, and the bioavailability was estimated to be 0.53. The volume of distribution was 0.66 L/kg. The area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC0-48 h) was proportional to the administered dose (33.5-134 mumol/kg body wt), and showed small interindividual variations. Plasma homocysteine showed first-order elimination kinetics for at least 6 h. The half-life (t1/2) was 223 +/- 45 min, and there was a significant correlation between t1/2 values determined on two different occasions in the same individual. The transient hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with an increase in plasma methionine, which probably reflects intracellular remethylation of homocysteine. Less than 2% of the administered homocysteine dose was recovered in the urine. These findings may form the basis for future studies on the regulation of plasma homocysteine in health and disease, and should motivate the evaluation of a homocysteine loading test as a diagnostic tool.
S40 Optimisation of a human BCG challenge model (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Tuberculosis remains a significant global disease burden with an estimated 9 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths in 2013. BCG continues to be the only licensed TB vaccine, however it is poorly efficacious against adult pulmonary TB disease and there is a desperate need for a better vaccine to provide greater and more consistent protection. Development of such a vaccine has been hampered by the lack of reliable and validated correlates of protection. A human mycobacterial challenge model, using BCG as a surrogate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge would facilitate improved vaccine selection for progression into future field efficacy testing. In this study we evaluate the effect of two BCG strains at two doses to optimise this model. <h3>Methods</h3> 40 healthy BCG-naïve adults were assigned to one of four groups to receive intradermal BCG SSI or BCG Tice at standard or high dose. Two weeks following BCG challenge, skin biopsy from the BCG challenge site was performed. Volunteers were followed up for 28 days from challenge to assess reactogenicity and ensure no safety concerns. BCG mycobacterial load was quantified by solid culture and quantitative PCR. <h3>Results</h3> BCG, regardless of strain or dose, was tolerated well and reactogenicity was similar between groups. BCG strain did not significantly affect BCG recovery from skin biopsy, however there was significantly greater recovery from the high dose challenge groups compared with the standard dose. Consistent with previous findings there was an inverse correlation between ex-vivo IFN-γ ELISpot responses to PPD and amount of BCG recovered from the skin biopsies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> High dose BCG challenge regardless of strain used, significantly improves the sensitivity of this human mycobacterial challenge model. Practical reasons favour the use of BCG SSI over BCG Tice, as BCG SSI is licensed for intradermal administration in the UK and preparation is more straightforward with less product wastage or variability in dose between vials of BCG SSI. Looking ahead we plan to use this optimised BCG SSI challenge model to evaluate novel TB vaccine candidates in order to improve the selection of which vaccines then progress to expensive field efficacy trials.
Herringbone Calcite: Petrography and Environmental Significance (1996)

ABSTRACT Herringbone calcite is a previously undescribed carbonate cement and sea-floor precipitate that is common in Archean carbonates but rare in Proterozoic and Phanerozoic rocks. It is abundant in the 2520 Ma Campbellrand-Malmani platform, South Africa, where field relationships, such as erosional truncation of layers of herringbone calcite and interbedding of herringbone calcite with grainstones, demonstrate that it precipitated from ambient marine water. This interpretation is supported by depositional relationships in the >= 2.6 Ga Huntsman Limestone of the Bulawayo greenstone belt, Zimbabwe; the 2.6 Ga Carawine Dolomite, Australia; the 1.90 Ga Rocknest Formation and the 1.8-1.2 Ga Dismal Lakes Group, Canada; the Ordovician Porterfi ld carbonate buildup, Virginia; and various Silurian carbonate buildups in the Midcontinent, United States. Each of these occurrences is associated with anaerobic depositional environments or organic-rich sediments. Herringbone calcite consists of alternating light and dark crenulated bands; each light-dark pair is 0.5-1.0 mm thick. Microscopically, each pair of bands consists of a row of elongate crystals with their long axes aligned perpendicular to banding and along the growth direction of the cement. The bases of the crystals are optically unoriented, but upwards in each crystal, the optical c axis rotates until it is perpendicular to crystal elongation. The tops of the elongate crystal are thus optically aligned and length slow. The light bands of herringbone calcite correspond to the optically oriented parts of the elongate crystals, whereas the dark bands correspond to the optically unoriented, lower parts of the elongate crystals. Microspar crystals are also present in some dark ba ds. A Mg-calcite precursor for herringbone calcite, now preserved as low-Mg calcite or dolomite, is supported by the presence of micro-dolomite inclusions and textural differences between herringbone calcite and textures interpreted as neomorphosed former aragonite or low-Mg calcite. Precipitation of herringbone calcite may be consistent with a diffusionally controlled growth model involving branching growth of fibrous crystals and diffusion of a precipitation inhibitor away from the crystallization surface. Since herringbone calcite is associated with anaerobic depositional environments, the inhibitor promoting precipitation of herringbone calcite may be present only in poorly oxygenated sea water. Thus, the stratigraphic distribution of herringbone calcite may be an important indicator of the abundance of oxygen in carbonate depositional environments through time.
Additional file 3: of CHIMERA repetitive mild traumatic brain injury induces chronic behavioural and neuropathological phenotypes in wild-type and APP/PS1 mice (2019)

White matter pathology in the corpus callosum. a At 8 M post-TBI, histopathological analyses were performed on the corpus callosum at the level of the dorsal hippocampus, using Iba1 (microglia), NeuroSilver (axonal injury), SMI312A (neurofilament) and GFAP (astrocytes). Representative images for each stain are shown. (b) Quantification of (a) is plotted by reporting the density and size of microglia, the stain area of NeuroSilver, the density of neurofilament-positive axonal bulbs, and the GFAP immunofluorescence intensity of astrocytes. Scale bar represents 200 μm. Data are plotted as mean ± SE. (PDF 1515 kb)
Restoration of Movement by Implantable Neural Motor Prostheses (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Neuroelectronic Interface Electronic Nerve Stimulators Creating FES Command Signals from Biopotentials Clinical Applications: Examples Acknowledgements References
Time series measurement of flow in an axially symmetric cavity by high-speed-video PIV (1999)

The cavity flow is not only a fundamental problem in fluid dynamics, but also an important engineering problem. One of the actual problems of the cavity flow is pressure disturbance or acoustic noise generated in a duct with a cavity. The fundamental mechanism of pressure disturbance or noise generation in the cavity flow has been investigated. However, the structure of cavity flow depends on the shape of it and the flow condition in the duct. The flow in an axially symmetric cavity is not the same with the flow in a rectangular cavity. In this report, the flow in an axially symmetric cavity is investigated experimentally by using high-speed-video PIV. The results obtained by time series measurements of the flow show that the unsteadiness of the cavity flow depends on the cavity ratio and the circumferential structure of the flow must be considered.
The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in plasma is associated with amyloid‐PET status and rate of progression in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: The Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative (2020)

Abstract Background Cumulative data suggest that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) could be an early clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The performance of blood based AD‐related biomarkers at this early stage of the disease continuum has not been sufficiently studied yet. Method We explored the association between total Aβ42 to total Aβ40 ratio in plasma (TP42/40) assessed by ABtest (Araclon Biotech) and cortical β‐amyloid assessed by Florbetaben positron emission tomography (FBB‐PET, Life Molecular Imaging) scan in 162 cases of SCD from the Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI) with plasma and FBB‐PET data at baseline (V0) and two years follow‐up (V2) visits. All plasma samples were analyzed simultaneously at the time of V2. Cut‐off for PET‐FBB positivity was established at a global standardized uptake volume ratio (SUVR)&gt;1.45. Result TP42/40 was significantly lower in FBB‐PET‐ve) than in FBB‐PET+ve group at both time points (Mann‐Whitney test P&lt;0.0001). The AUC in the ROC analysis for the relevant demographic variables (age and APOE genotype) to discriminate FBB‐PET status at V0 and V2 was 80% and 83%, respectively. Those values increased significantly (P&lt;0.01) up to 90% and 92%, respectively, when TP42/40 was included as a predictive variable within the model. The performance parameters of TP42/40 to discriminate FBB‐PET status in V0∼V2 were SEN 1.0∼0.94, SPE 0.49∼0.42, PPV 0.16∼0.15 and NPV 1.0∼0.98, respectively. Caution should be exerted when interpreting these values because they could be biased given the very low prevalence of FBB‐PET+ve (8.6%) in this early population, at the current SUVR cut‐off. Nevertheless, in a recruiting scenario targeting FBB‐PET+ve individuals with SCD, a pre‐screening step based on TP42/40 could save 46%∼34% of PET scans. Furthermore, those individuals with a TP42/40 ratio in the lowest quartile at V0 showed significantly (P&lt;0.01) greater increases of FBB‐PET SUVR at V2 than those with a V0 plasma ratio in the two upper quartiles. Conclusion TP42/40 is consistently associated with cortical β‐amyloid burden assessed by FBB‐PET in individuals with SCD. The TP42/40 could be a useful tool helping in the recruitment of SCD individuals with preclinical Alzheimer’s.