gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dirac leaky-wave antennas for continuous beam scanning from photonic crystals (2015)

Leaky-Wave Antennas (LWAs) enable directive and scannable radiation patterns, which are highly desirable attributes at terahertz, infrared and optical frequencies. However, a LWA is generally incapable of continuous beam scanning through broadside, due to an open stopband in its dispersion characteristic. This issue is yet to be addressed at frequencies beyond microwaves, mainly as existing microwave solutions (for example, transmission line metamaterials) are unavailable at these higher frequencies. Here we report leaky-wave radiation from the interface of a photonic crystal (PC) with a Dirac-type dispersion and air. The resulting Dirac LWA (DLWA) can radiate at broadside, chiefly owing to the closed Γ-point bandgap of the Dirac PC. Thus, the DLWA can continuously scan a directive beam over a wide range of angles by varying the frequency. These DLWAs can be designed at microwave as well as terahertz to optical frequencies, with feasible dimensions and low losses.
[Cerebral proton spectroscopy of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus]. (1996)

The spectral changes found in the present study suggest the existence of neuronal lesions that would be due to the HIV-infection. A combined MRI/1H-MRS study may provide a more complete information about the neurological impairment by HIV and could constitute a marker of AIDS-dementia complex.
Inference of Network Summary Statistics Through Network Denoising (2013)

Consider observing an undirected network that is `noisy' in the sense that there are Type I and Type II errors in the observation of edges. Such errors can arise, for example, in the context of inferring gene regulatory networks in genomics or functional connectivity networks in neuroscience. Given a single observed network then, to what extent are summary statistics for that network representative of their analogues for the true underlying network? Can we infer such statistics more accurately by taking into account the noise in the observed network edges? In this paper, we answer both of these questions. In particular, we develop a spectral-based methodology using the adjacency matrix to `denoise' the observed network data and produce more accurate inference of the summary statistics of the true network. We characterize performance of our methodology through bounds on appropriate notions of risk in the $L^2$ sense, and conclude by illustrating the practical impact of this work on synthetic and real-world data.
Spontaneous dissections involving multiple coronary arteries and a vertebral artery over 7 years (2018)

In 2011, a 38-year-old woman developed chest pain 2 weeks after delivery of her first child via caesarean section. Coronary angiography showed spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) involving proximal and mid-left anterior descending (LAD) and distal right coronary artery (RCA) with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade of 2 and 3, respectively (Panel A). Angiographic projections showing SCAD in proximal and mid LAD and distal RCA are marked by arrows and square brackets. She underwent bypass grafting with left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to LAD. In 2017, she presented with an episode of transient non-exertional syncope. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of neck with three-dimensional volume rendering showed small distal right vertebral artery dissection (Panel B) that was managed conservatively. In 2018, after delivering her second child via caesarean section, she presented to our hospital with chest pain and a brief episode of ventricular fibrillation requiring defibrillation which restored sinus rhythm. Angiography revealed SCAD involving mid-circumflex (LCX) and first obtuse marginal (OM1) branches (Panel C). First obtuse marginal was relatively small, and as patient's symptoms had resolved with no further haemodynamic or rhythm disturbance, we elected to treat her conservatively. The LAD and RCA had healed completely with no residual stenoses (Panel C) and LIMA-LAD graft was patent. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed left ventricular ejection fraction of 25%. Work-up for fibromuscular dysplasia (CTA of chest, abdomen, and pelvis), connective tissue disease, and vasculitides was unremarkable. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was placed for secondary prevention. She was referred for cardiac rehabilitation and counselled against future pregnancies and use of oral contraceptives. She was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy and guideline-directed heart failure medications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl‐Substituted PPC and AsPC Three‐Membered Rings. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bulk dispersion of single‐walled carbon nanotubes in silicones using diblock copolymers (2014)

ABSTRACT The interactions of a series of poly(3‐decylthiophene)‐ block ‐polydimethylsiloxanes (P3DT‐ b ‐PDMS) with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are investigated. The formation of supramolecular complexes of P3DT‐ b ‐PDMS with SWNTs is studied in THF, toluene, xylenes, and CHCl 3 , and the resulting complexes are characterized by UV‐Vis‐NIR absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The P3DT‐ b ‐PDMS‐SWNT and P3DT‐SWNT complexes are further incorporated into a commercially available silicone rubber formulation. Percolation thresholds of &lt;0.02% (P3DT‐ b ‐PDMS‐SWNT) and &lt;0.05% (P3DT‐SWNT) are measured. A decrease in the percolation threshold when using the block copolymer for nanotube dispersion is observed, suggesting that the presence of a covalently‐linked PDMS block improves SWNT distribution in the silicone elastomer and allows a percolation network to form at low SWNT loadings. In addition, it is found that entanglement of the silicone block of P3DT‐PDMS with bulk silicones results in anchoring of the nanotubes within the composite, and leads to reversible conductivity changes upon repeated stretching and relaxation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53 , 265–273
Data Supplement from Bioactive Lipids, LPC and LPA, Are Novel Prometastatic Factors and Their Tissue Levels Increase in Response to Radio/Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Sequences of primers employed for RT-PCR and qRT-PCR analyses.&lt;/p&gt;
Terrain-aided navigation with an atomic gravimeter (2019)

Cold atom interferometer is a promising technology to obtain a highly sensitive and accurate absolute gravimeter. With the help of an anomalies gravity map, local measurements of gravity allow a terrain-based navigation. This paper follows the one we published in Fusion 2017. Based on an atomic gravimeter we present a method to map the gravity anomaly. We propose a modification of the Laplace-based particle filter so as to make it more robust. Some simulation results demonstrate a better robustness of the proposed filter.
Hearing and vocalizations of wild-caught Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). (1998)

This study examined the hearing and contact calls of wild-caught Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and compared these data to hearing and vocalizations in the much more extensively studied domesticated budgerigar. The spectral energy in the contact calls of both wild-caught and domesticated budgerigars falls almost exclusively in the frequency of 2-4 kHz. Absolute and masked thresholds were similar in both groups of birds. Similar to the results found in domesticated birds, critical ratio functions for the wild-caught budgerigars decreased at frequencies of 1.0 kHz-2.86 kHz and then increased again dramatically at frequencies above 2.86 kHz.
Virtual Infrared Cut-off Filter Design for a Color Enhancement of RGBNir Multispectral Image (2017)

다중 분광 이미지 센서는 인간이 인지할 수 있는 가시광선 정보 뿐 만 아니라, 비 가시대역 정보를 함께 받아들임으로써 기존 영상 획득 시스템에서 획득할 수 없었던 정보를 추가로 획득이 가능하다. 비 가시대역 정보를 획득하기 위해서는 근적외선대역 정보가 필요하기 때문에 적외선 차단 필터(IR cut-off filter)를 제거할 필요가 있다. 하지만 적외선 차단 필터의 제거로 인해 다중 분광 이미지 센서의 RGB 픽셀값에 비 가시대역 정보가 침투하여 컬러 정보가 훼손된다. 본 논문에서는 비 가시대역 정보로 인해 손상된 색상 정보를 적외선 차단 필터를 사용한 영상의 색상 정보와 같이 복원할 수 있도록 하는 가상 적외선차단 필터 설계방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 다중 분광 이미지 센서 각 채널간의 상관관계를 분석하고, RGB 각 컬러 채널이 차단해야 하는 근적외선 성분을 추정한 후 이를 제거한다. 다양한 조명에서의 실험 결과, 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법이 물리적 적외선 차단 필터를 사용했을 때와 유사한 성능을 나타냄을 알 수 있다.
A Variable Phase Shifter Using a Movable Waffle Iron Metal Plate and Its Applications to Phased Array Antennas (2008)

A variable phase shifter using a movable waffle iron metal plate comprised of iron rods a quarter-wavelength in length is proposed. A study of the waffle iron structure was carried out and the design method for creating a structure that would achieve large phase changes, small loss, and good isolation between adjacent phase shifters is discussed. Experiments on 1-port and 2-port phase shifters operating in the 5GHz band show that they not only have low loss characteristics but also wide phase changes. Furthermore, the application to phased array antennas using the proposed phase shifter and its principle are demonstrated.
The Secret Life of Science: How It Really Works and Why It Matters (2018)

A revealing and provocative look at the current state of global science\nWe take the advance of science as given. But how does science really work? Is it truly as healthy as we tend to think? How does the system itself shape what scientists do? The Secret Life of Science takes a clear-eyed and provocative look at the current state of global science, shedding light on a cutthroat and tightly tensioned enterprise that even scientists themselves often don't fully understand.\nThe Secret Life of Science is a dispatch from the front lines of modern science. It paints a startling picture of a complex scientific ecosystem that has become the most competitive free-market environment on the planet. It reveals how big this ecosystem really is, what motivates its participants, and who reaps the rewards. Are there too few scientists in the world or too many? Are some fields expanding at the expense of others? What science is shared or published, and who determines what the public gets to hear about? What is the future of science? Answering these and other questions, this controversial book explains why globalization is not necessarily good for science, nor is the continued growth in the number of scientists. It portrays a scientific community engaged in a race for limited resources that determines whether careers are lost or won, whose research visions become the mainstream, and whose vested interests end up in control.\nThe Secret Life of Science explains why this hypercompetitive environment is stifling the diversity of research and the resiliency of science itself, and why new ideas are needed to ensure that the scientific enterprise remains healthy and vibrant.
Tadpole-Shaped Amphiphilic Block−Graft Copolymers Prepared via Consecutive Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations (2005)

Tadpole-shaped (or rod−coil) block−graft copolymers, consisting of a pentafluorostyrene polymer (PFS) block and a glycidyl methyacrylate polymer (PGMA) block with grafted poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) side chains, or PFS-b-(PGMA-g-PtBA) copolymers, were synthesized by consecutive atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRP's). The process involved (i) synthesis of PFS via ATRP, (ii) synthesis of well-defined PFS-b-PGMA via ATRP, (iii) coupling of the bromoacid initiators with the glycidyl methacrylate units in the PGMA block to generate the PFS-b-PGMA macroinitiators, and (iv) ATRP-mediated graft copolymerization with tert-butyl acrylate to generate the PFS-b-(PGMA-g-PtBA) copolymer. Hydrolysis of the PtBA side chains in the block−graft copolymer into the acrylic acid polymer (PAAC) side chains gave rise to an amphiphilic PFS-b-(PGMA-g-PAAC) macromolecule with a brush-shaped hydrophilic head (rod) and a hydrophobic tail (coil). The copolymers were characterized by composition analysis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The macromolecular architecture of the copolymer was suggested by atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and micelle formation.
Liquidity Risk in Commercial Banks in India (2002)

Liquidity risk is a crucial factor in the business of commercial banking. At the ischolar_main of the 1997 Asian crisis was the failure of banks to meet liquidity risk arising from differences in currency composition of their assets and liabilities. Diamond and Dybvig (1983), Diamond (1997), Diamond and Rajan (1999) have considered liquidity issues centrally important in theory and functioning of commercial banks. Looked from this perspective, maturity transformation is an important aspect of financial intermediation. Providing deposit insurance is a well accepted measure that enables banks to provide liquidity by maintaining public confidence in the banking system. Similar would be the effect on public confidence where banks are owned by government. With moves towards competition and deregulation, operating in market-oriented business environment becomes crucial which make risk management an important task. The process of financial deregulation leads to increased incidence of market risks such as currency risk and interest rate risk.. Moreover, as clients of commercial banks face competitive business environment, their exposure to credit risk too will increase. In such a situation, maintaining liquidity risk within manageable limits becomes extremely important. Liquidity risk would in fact represent aggregate incidence of market and non-market risks.
Estimating and Correcting for Off-Target Cellular Contamination in Brain Cell Type Specific RNA-Seq Data (2021)

Transcriptionally profiling minor cellular populations remains an ongoing challenge in molecular genomics. Single-cell RNA sequencing has provided valuable insights into a number of hypotheses, but practical and analytical challenges have limited its widespread adoption. A similar approach, which we term single-cell type RNA sequencing (sctRNA-seq), involves the enrichment and sequencing of a pool of cells, yielding cell type-level resolution transcriptomes. While this approach offers benefits in terms of mRNA sampling from targeted cell types, it is potentially affected by off-target contamination from surrounding cell types. Here, we leveraged single-cell sequencing datasets to apply a computational approach for estimating and controlling the amount of off-target cell type contamination in sctRNA-seq datasets. In datasets obtained using a number of technologies for cell purification, we found that most sctRNA-seq datasets tended to show some amount of off-target mRNA contamination from surrounding cells. However, using covariates for cellular contamination in downstream differential expression analyses increased the quality of our models for differential expression analysis in case/control comparisons and typically resulted in the discovery of more differentially expressed genes. In general, our method provides a flexible approach for detecting and controlling off-target cell type contamination in sctRNA-seq datasets.
28 nm poly-cut layer lithography process developments (2015)

The paper presents the results of poly-cut layer lithography process development for 28 nm technology nodes and beyond, which include the simulation of illumination modes, the assessment of tri-layer chemical materials and verification on the silicon wafer. The small sigma illumination mode is considered as the most suitable illumination mode to meet the requirements of resolution and DOF performance of poly-cut layer based on simulation results. The best candidate of tri-layer materials is determined in view of the planarization and trench-filling performance as well as the capabilities of improving performance of pattern profile. The process window of ploy-cut layer is verified on silicon wafer on the basis of the optimum experiment conditions including illumination condition and tri-layer materials or others. Based on these results, we are able to obtain the excellent poly pattern in short length without shrinking line ends.
Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus metabolism, and parathyroid-calcitonin function during prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 concentrations on submarines. (1979)

Studies of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and acid-base balance were carried out on three Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) submarines during prolonged exposure to elevated concentrations of CO2. The average CO2 concentration in the submarine atmosphere during patrols ranged from 0.85% to 1% CO2. In the three studies, in which 9--15 subjects participated, the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate fell during the first three weeks to a level commensurate with a decrease in plasma calcium and increase in phosphorus. In the fourth week of one patrol, a marked increase was found in urinary calcium excretion, associated with a rise in blood PCO2 and bicarbonate. Urinary calcium excretion decreased again during the 5th to 8th week, with a secondary decrease in blood pH and plasma calcium. During the third patrol, the time course of acid-base changes corresponded well with that found during the second patrol. There was a trend toward an increase in plasma calcium between the fourth and fifth week commensurate with the transient rise in pH and bicarbonate. Plasma parathyroid and calcitonin hormone activities were measured in two patrols and no significant changes were found. Hydroxyproline excretion decreased in the three-week study and remained unchanged in the second patrol, which lasted 57 days. It is suggested that during prolonged exposure to low levels of CO2 (up to 1% CO2), calcium metabolism is controlled by the uptake and release of CO2 in the bones. The resulting phases in bone buffering, rather than renal regulation, determine acid-base balance.
A triple-band CMOS class-E power amplifier for WCDMA/LTE applications (2013)

This paper presents a fully integrated triple-band CMOS class-E power amplifier (PA) for WCDMA (1.9 GHz) and LTE (1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz) applications. The triple-band operation is achieved by activating selectively transistor cells and matching the transistor cells with low/high-band on-chip transformers for the three different frequencies. The PA is fabricated using a 0.18-μm CMOS process and has a chip size of 1.5 × 1.85 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including matching networks and transformers. This PA obtains output powers of 27.8/28.1/27.4 dBm at 1.8/1.9/2.6 GHz in continuous wave (CW) modes, respectively. The PA implemented to hybrid-EER structure satisfied the ACLR requirements up to 21 dBm for WCDMA (1.9 GHz) and up to 18 dBm and 16.3 dBm for LTE (1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz) without any linearization technique.
When Differential Privacy Meets Interpretability: A Case Study (2021)

Given the increase in the use of personal data for training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in tasks such as medical imaging and diagnosis, differentially private training of DNNs is surging in importance and there is a large body of work focusing on providing better privacy-utility trade-off. However, little attention is given to the interpretability of these models, and how the application of DP affects the quality of interpretations. We propose an extensive study into the effects of DP training on DNNs, especially on medical imaging applications, on the APTOS dataset.
CAR T Cells Secreting IL18 Augment Antitumor Immunity and Increase T Cell Proliferation and Costimulation (2017)

Abstract Interleukin 18 (IL18) is known to induce the expression of interferon-γ (IFNG), but its effects on T cell proliferation and costimulation are not completely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of IL18 in CART cells caused significant T cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced antitumor effects in xenograft models. Moreover, IL18 mediated T cell expansion required neither tumor antigen nor CAR expression, and produced severe GVHD in NSG mice. Furthermore, recombinant IL18 costimulated IFNG secretion and proliferation of anti-CD3 beads treated T cells. Interestingly, IL18 costimulation could expand purified CD4 T cells, but not CD8 T cells. However, CD8 T cells proliferated greater than CD4 T cells in magnitude within bulk T cells, suggesting CD4 help effect was involved. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we confirmed that IL18-driven expansion was both TCR and IL18 receptor (IL18R) dependent. Importantly, we demonstrated that TCR-deficient, IL18-expressing CD19 CART cells exhibited remarkable proliferation and persistent antitumor activity against CD19-expressing tumor cells in vivo , without eliciting any detectable GVHD symptom. Finally, we describe APACHE T cells, a novel strategy for coupling IL18 expression in CART cells to antigen stimulation, thereby limiting potential toxicity associated with persistent IL18 production. In sum, our study supports human IL18 as a T cell costimulatory cytokine for fueling CART therapy.
Computer Processing Of Radiographic Images (1985)

In the past 20 years, a substantial amount of effort has been expended on the development of computer techniques for enhancement of x-ray images and for automated extraction of quantitative diagnostic information. The historical development of these methods is described. Illustrative examples are presented and factors influencing the relative success or failure of various techniques are discussed. Some examples of current research in radiographic image processing is described.
Mechanical metamaterials (2023)

Mechanical metamaterials, also known as architected materials, are rationally designed composites, aiming at elastic behaviors and effective mechanical properties beyond ('meta') those of their individual ingredients-qualitatively and/or quantitatively. Due to advances in computational science and manufacturing, this field has progressed considerably throughout the last decade. Here, we review its mathematical basis in the spirit of a tutorial, and summarize the conceptual as well as experimental state-of-the-art. This summary comprises disordered, periodic, quasi-periodic, and graded anisotropic functional architectures, in one, two, and three dimensions, covering length scales ranging from below one micrometer to tens of meters. Examples include extreme ordinary linear elastic behavior from artificial crystals, e.g. auxetics and pentamodes, 'negative' effective properties, behavior beyond classical linear elasticity, e.g. arising from local resonances, chirality, beyond-nearest-neighbor interactions, quasi-crystalline mechanical metamaterials, topological band gaps, cloaking based on coordinate transformations and on scattering cancelation, seismic protection, nonlinear and programmable metamaterials, as well as space-time-periodic architectures.
Tolerating business failures in hosted applications (2013)

Users of hosted web-based applications implicitly trust that those applications, and the data that is within them, will remain active and available indefinitely into the future. When a service is terminated, for reasons such as the insolvency of the business that is providing it, users risk the immediate loss of software functionality and may face the permanent loss of their own data. This paper presents Micasa, a runtime for hosted applications that allows a significant subset of application logic and user data to remain available even in the event of the failure of a provider's business. By allowing users to audit application dependence on hosted components, and maintain externalized and private copies of their own data and the logic that allows access to it, we believe that Micasa is a first step in the direction of a more balanced degree of trust and investment between application providers and their users.