gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Diesel/Biofuel Blends Using Artificial Neural Networks and Linear/Nonlinear Equations (2021)

Abstract The use of biomass-derived additives in diesel fuel mixtures has the potential to increase the fuel’s efficiency, decrease the formation of particulate matter during its combustion, and retain the fuel’s behavior in cold weather. To this end, identifying compounds that enable these behaviors is paramount. The present work utilizes a series of linear and non-linear equations in series with artificial neural networks to predict the cetane number, yield sooting index, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, and lower heating value of multi-component blends. Property values of pure components are predicted using artificial neural networks trained with existing experimental data, and these predictions and their expected errors are propagated through linear and non-linear equations to obtain property predictions for multi-component blends. Individual component property prediction errors, defined by blind prediction median absolute error, are 4.91 units, 7.84 units, 0.06 cSt, 4.00 °C, and 0.55 MJ/kg for cetane number, yield sooting index, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, and lower heating value respectively. On average, property predictions for blends are shown to be accurate to within 6% of the blends’ experimental values. Further, a multitude of compounds expected to be produced from catalytically upgrading products of fast pyrolysis are evaluated with respect to their behavior in diesel fuel blends.
Loss of imprinting in colorectal cancer linked to hypomethylation of H19 and IGF2. (2002)

Epigenetic alterations in human cancers include global DNA hypomethylation,gene hypomethylation and promoter hypermethylation, and loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2). A mechanism for LOI described previously is hypermethylation of a differentially methylated region (DMR) upstream of the H19 gene, allowing activation of the normally silent maternal allele of IGF2. Here we show that this mechanism does not apply to colorectal cancers, which show hypomethylation of the H19 DMR as well as a DMR upstream of exon 3 of IGF2. This hypomethylation is found in both colorectal cancers and normal mucosa from the same patients, and in cell lines with somatic cell knockout of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3B. These data suggest that hypomethylation is a mechanism for LOI, that the popular IGF2-H19 enhancer competition model for IGF2 imprinting does not apply to the human colon, and that an alternative model for LOI would involve a transcriptional repressor acting on the normally silent maternal allele of IGF2.
Distinct vascular endothelial growth factor signals for lymphatic vessel enlargement and sprouting (2007)

Lymphatic vessel growth, or lymphangiogenesis, is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and -D via VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR-3). Recent studies suggest that VEGF, which does not bind to VEGFR-3, can also induce lymphangiogenesis through unknown mechanisms. To dissect the receptor pathway that triggers VEGFR-3-independent lymphangiogenesis, we used both transgenic and adenoviral overexpression of placenta growth factor (PlGF) and VEGF-E, which are specific activators of VEGFR-1 and -2, respectively. Unlike PlGF, VEGF-E induced circumferential lymphatic vessel hyperplasia, but essentially no new vessel sprouting, when transduced into mouse skin via adenoviral vectors. This effect was not inhibited by blocking VEGF-C and -D. Postnatal lymphatic hyperplasia, without increased density of lymphatic vessels, was also detected in transgenic mice expressing VEGF-E in the skin, but not in mice expressing PlGF. Surprisingly, VEGF-E induced lymphatic hyperplasia postnatally, and it did not rescue the loss of lymphatic vessels in transgenic embryos where VEGF-C and VEGF-D were blocked. Our data suggests that VEGFR-2 signals promote lymphatic vessel enlargement, but unlike in the blood vessels, are not involved in vessel sprouting to generate new lymphatic vessels in vivo.
Ultrasmall V<sub>8</sub>C<sub>7</sub> nanoparticles embedded in conductive carbon for efficient electrocatalytic N<sub>2</sub> reduction toward ambient NH<sub>3</sub> production (2019)

Vanadium carbide nanoparticles/carbon acts as an efficient NRR electrocatalyst in 0.1 M HCl, achieving a large NH<sub>3</sub> yield of 34.62 μg h<sup>−1</sup> mg<sub>cat.</sub><sup>−1</sup> and a high FE of 12.20%.
Angular momentum exchange in scattering (2006)

Scattering, which involves highly non-paraxial trajectories, couples spin and orbital angular momentum of light. Some polarization effects can be attributed to cases in which the total angular momentum flux density is conserved.
Computational modelling techniques in the optimization of corrosion control for reducing lead in Canadian drinking water (2013)

Compliance modelling has been used to good effect in the optimization of plumbosolvency control in the UK and was evaluated in the Canadian and US contexts via three case studies. In relation to regulatory compliance, supplementary orthophosphate dosing could be justified in one water supply system but not in one other. Compliance modelling indicated that Health Canada's Tier 1 protocol is much less stringent than its Tier 2 protocol and that optimization based on 6+ hour stagnation samples vs 15 μg/l is likely to be more stringent than that based on 30 min stagnation samples vs 10 μg/l. The modelling of sequential sampling for an individual home indicated that sample results could be markedly affected by the length of the lead service line, by the length of the copper premise pipe and by pipe diameters. The results for sequential sampling were also dependent on flow characteristics (plug vs laminar). For either regulatory compliance assessment or for the optimization of plumbosolvency control measures, routine sequential sampling from the same houses at a normalized flow will minimize these variable effects.
Decentralized Synergetic Control of Power Systems (2012)

The objective of this dissertation is to design decentralized controllers to enhance the transient stability of power systems. Due to the nonlinearities and complexities of the system, nonlinear control design techniques are required to improve its dynamic performance. In this dissertation a synergetic control technique is being proposed to design supplementary controller that is added to the exciter of the generation unit of the system. Although this method has been previously applied to a Single Infinite Machine Bus (SMIB) system with high degree of success, it has not been employed to systems with multi machine. Also, the method has good robust characteristic like that of the popular Sliding Mode Control (SMC) technique. But the latter technique introduces steady state chattering effect which can cause wear and tear in actuating system. This gives the proposed technique a major advantage over the SMC. In this work, the method is employed for systems with multi machine. Each of the machines is considered to be a subsystem and decentralized controller is designed for each subsystem. The interconnection term of each subsystem with the rest of the system is estimated by a polynomial function of the active power generated by the subsystem. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is employed for optimum tuning of the controller's parameters. To further enhance the performance of the system by widening its range of operation, Reinforcement Learning (RL) technique is used to vary the gains of the decentralized synergetic supplementary controller in real time. The approach is illustrated with several case studies including a SMIB system with or without a Static Var Compensator (SVC), a Two Area System (TAS) with or without an SVC, a three --machines-nine-bus system and a fifty machine system. Results show that the proposed control technique provides better damping than the conventional power system stabilizers and synergetic controllers with fixed gains.
Analysis of Software Aging in a Web Server (2005)

A number of recent studies have reported the phenomenon of “software aging”, char-acterized by progressive performance degradation and/or an increased occurrence rate of hang/crash failures of a software system due to the exhaustion of operating system resources or the accumulation of errors. To counteract this phenomenon, a proactive technique called “software rejuvenation ” has been proposed. It essentially involves stopping the running software, cleaning its internal state and/or its environment and then restarting it. Software rejuvenation, being preventive in nature, begs the question as to when to schedule it. Pe-riodic rejuvenation, while straightforward to implement, may not yield the best results, because the rate at which software ages is not constant, but it depends on the time-varying ∗Corresponding author, on leave of absence from the Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. 1 system workload. Software rejuvenation should therefore be planned and initiated in the face of the actual system behavior. This requires the measurement, analysis and prediction of system resource usage. In this paper, we study the development of resource usage in a web server while sub-jecting it to an artificial workload. We first collect data on several system resource usage and activity parameters. Non-parametric statistical methods are then applied for detect-ing and estimating trends in the data sets. Finally, we fit time series models to the data collected. Unlike the models used previously in the research on software aging, these time series models allow for seasonal patterns, and we show how the exploitation of the seasonal variation can help in adequately predicting the future resource usage. Based on the models employed here, proactive management techniques like software rejuvenation triggered by actual measurements can be built.
Comparison of Overall Sensitivity and Specificity across Different Newborn Screening Algorithms for Congenital Cytomegalovirus (2023)

Screening newborns for congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is critical for early detection and prompt diagnosis of related long-term consequences of infection, such as sensorineural hearing loss and neurodevelopmental delays. The objective of this study was to describe the validity of different newborn cCMV infection screening approaches and compare the expected number of cCMV cases detected across targeted and universal screening algorithms. The overall sensitivity (OSn) of targeted screening algorithms that required failure of auditory brain stem response and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TOAE; two-fail serial testing) or TOAE only (one-fail serial testing) before diagnostic CMV testing using saliva and urine PCR tests was 79% and 88%, respectively. The OSn for two-fail serial testing with diagnostic CMV testing using dried blood spot (DBS) was 75%. In contrast, OSn was 90% for universal screening (saliva and urine PCR tests) and 86% for universal screening with DBS testing alone. Overall, specificities were 100% across all algorithms. Universal screening using DBS testing and universal screening using saliva and urine testing can potentially detect 312 and 373 more cCMV cases per 100,000 live births, respectively, than two-fail serial testing. Overall, implementing universal cCMV newborn screening would improve cCMV detection, ultimately leading to better health outcomes.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization &lt;em&gt;In Vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;In Vivo&lt;/em&gt; (2015)

Due to the high level of heterogeneity and mutations inherent in human cancers, single agent therapies, or combination regimens which target the same pathway, are likely to fail. Emphasis must be placed upon the inhibition of pathways that are responsible for intrinsic and/or adaptive resistance to therapy. An active field of investigation is the development and testing of DNA repair inhibitors that promote the action of, and prevent resistance to, commonly used chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We used a novel protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of BRCA2 inhibition as a means to sensitize tumor cells to the DNA damaging drug cisplatin. Tumor cell metabolism (acidification and respiration) was monitored in real-time for a period of 72 hr to delineate treatment effectiveness on a minute by minute basis. In combination, we performed an assessment of metastatic frequency using a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model of extravasation and invasion. This protocol addresses some of the weaknesses of commonly used in vitro and in vivo methods to evaluate novel cancer therapy regimens. It can be used in addition to common methods such as cell proliferation assays, cell death assays, and in vivo murine xenograft studies, to more closely discriminate amongst candidate targets and agents, and select only the most promising candidates for further development.
Drug interactions between the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and cytotoxic chemotherapy, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in prostate cancer. (2003)

Bortezomib and TRAIL represent a synergistic drug combination that warrants further evaluation in in vivo models of prostate cancer.
Feasibility of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in Tissue Samples (2022)

The results of this study suggest that the LAMP assay performed with tissue DNA samples can be a useful diagnostic method for the rapid detection of musculoskeletal infections caused by MSSA and MRSA.
Retinal Vasculopathy in Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

The retina has been increasingly investigated as a site of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) manifestation for over a decade. Early reports documented degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axonal projections. Our group provided the first evidence of the key pathological hallmarks of AD, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques including vascular Aβ deposits, in the retina of AD and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) patients. Subsequent studies validated these findings and further identified electroretinography and vision deficits, retinal (p)tau and inflammation, intracellular Aβ accumulation, and retinal ganglion cell-subtype degeneration surrounding Aβ plaques in these patients. Our data suggest that the brain and retina follow a similar trajectory during AD progression, probably due to their common embryonic origin and anatomical proximity. However, the retina is the only CNS organ feasible for direct, repeated, and non-invasive ophthalmic examination with ultra-high spatial resolution and sensitivity. Neurovascular unit integrity is key to maintaining normal CNS function and cerebral vascular abnormalities are increasingly recognized as early and pivotal factors driving cognitive impairment in AD. Likewise, retinal vascular abnormalities such as changes in vessel density and fractal dimensions, blood flow, foveal avascular zone, curvature tortuosity, and arteriole-to-venule ratio were described in AD patients including early-stage cases. A rapidly growing number of reports have suggested that cerebral and retinal vasculopathy are tightly associated with cognitive deficits in AD patients and animal models. Importantly, we recently identified early and progressive deficiency in retinal vascular platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ) expression and pericyte loss that were associated with retinal vascular amyloidosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in MCI and AD patients. Other studies utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT), retinal amyloid-fluorescence imaging and retinal hyperspectral imaging have made significant progress in visualizing and quantifying AD pathology through the retina. With new advances in OCT angiography, OCT leakage, scanning laser microscopy, fluorescein angiography and adaptive optics imaging, future studies focusing on retinal vascular AD pathologies could transform non-invasive pre-clinical AD diagnosis and monitoring.
Manipulating mechanics and chemistry in precision optics finishing (2007)

Deterministic processing is critical to modern precision optics finishing. Put simply, determinism is the ability to predict an outcome before carrying out an activity. With the availability of computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment and sophisticated software algorithms, it is now possible to grind and polish optics from a variety of materials to surface shape accuracies of ∼20 nm peak-to-valley (p–v), with surface roughness values (measured on white light interferometers over 250 μm 350 μm areas) to sub-nm root-mean-square (rms) levels. In the grinding phase the capability now exists to estimate removal rates, surface roughness, and the depth of subsurface damage (SSD) for a previously unprocessed material, knowing its Young’s modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. An understanding of how chemistry aids in the abrasive-driven removal of material from the surface during polishing is also critical. Recent polishing process research reveals the importance of chemistry, specifically slurry pH, for preventing particle agglomeration in order to achieve smooth surface finishes with conventional pad or pitch laps. New sub-aperture polishing processes like magnetorheological finishing (MRF) can smooth and shape flat, spherical, aspheric and free-form surfaces within a few process iterations. Difficult to finish optical materials like soft polymer polymethyl methacrylate, microstructured polycrystalline zinc sulfide, and water soluble single-crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) can be finished with MRF. The key is the systematic alteration of MR fluid chemistry and mechanics (i.e. the abrasive) to match the unique physical properties of each workpiece.
37-43 GHz Wide-Band Doherty Power Amplifier with Enhanced AM-PM Characteristic (2023)

This paper presents a millimeter-wave (MMW) Doherty power amplifier (DPA) that is designed to achieve high-power efficiency in the back-off (BO) region and enhanced amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) characteristics over a wide frequency range while minimizing its overall size. Specifically, to enhance the overall linearity of the DPA, the output combiner and the driver stage are both carefully devised to synthesize a complementary nonlinear behavior to that of the main power transistor. Furthermore, vertically stacked transformers are adopted for the implementation of the various matching networks in order to minimize the size and maximize the bandwidth. Accordingly, a proof-of-concept prototype was designed and fabricated using the 45 nm silicon-on-insulator SOI-CMOS process. The measurement results revealed i) a 15 dB small signal gain with ±0.5 dB variation, ii) 20.5 dBm output 1-dB power (OP1dB), iii) 30% and 19% power added efficiency (PAE) at peak and 6 dB BO between 37 and 43 GHz. Furthermore, the measured AM-PM characteristic confirmed phase variation below 2° for output power up to 20 dBm over the entire bandwidth. The testing of the DPA under a 64-QAM 100 MHz signal revealed an error vector magnitude (EVM) of -25 dB and an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of -33 dBc at an average output power and average efficiency of 15.3 dBm and 18.6%, respectively.
The development of analytical methodology for simultaneous traceelemental analysis of blood plasma samples using total reflection X-rayfluorescence spectrometry (1998)

The development of a method for the direct determination of trace elements in blood plasma samples by TXRF through the use of chemical modifiers to compensate for analyte loss or sample modifications during the drying and matrix decomposition stages is described. A number of chemical modifiers [magnesium nitrate, nickel nitrate and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) coupled with magnesium nitrate] were investigated in combination with sample drying (infrared heat, vacuum and air drying) and thermal matrix decomposition techniques (ashing) to produce a suitable sample preparation methodology. Air drying of blood plasma samples with the addition of APDC coupled with magnesium nitrate offered the most suitable method of analysis for the elements investigated (As, Br, Cd, Ca, Cl, Co, Cu, I, Fe, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn). A range of elemental concentrations (from 1 ng g–1 to 270 µg g–1) were observed for the blood plasma samples, which gave typical precisions of less than 8% RSD with corresponding recoveries of 90–100%.
Consideration of the functional relationship between cortex and motor periphery improves offline decoding performance (2014)

Decoding neural activity to control prosthetic devices or computer interfaces is a promising avenue for rehabilitating individuals with amputation or severe spinal cord injury. In most cases, however, the local functionality of the neural tissue is not considered when designing a decoding algorithm. One way to characterize the functional specificity of a local region of motor cortex, and its output effects, is to use intracortical microstimulation. In this study, we examined how the results of an ICMS experiment relate to the performance of various offline decoders. We found evidence that units from electrodes with stimulation effects decode kinematics better than units from electrodes without stimulation effects.
Agile hardware and software systems engineering for critical military space applications (2012)

The Multi Mission Bus Demonstrator (MBD) is a successful demonstration of agile program management and system engineering in a high risk technology application where utilizing and implementing new, untraditional development strategies were necessary. MBD produced two fully functioning spacecraft for a military/DOD application in a record breaking time frame and at dramatically reduced costs. This paper discloses the adaptation and application of concepts developed in agile software engineering to hardware product and system development for critical military applications. This challenging spacecraft did not use existing key technology (heritage hardware) and created a large paradigm shift from traditional spacecraft development. The insertion of new technologies and methods in space hardware has long been a problem due to long build times, the desire to use heritage hardware, and lack of effective process. The role of momentum in the innovative process can be exploited to tackle ongoing technology disruptions and allowing risk interactions to be mitigated in a disciplined manner. Examples of how these concepts were used during the MBD program will be delineated. Maintaining project momentum was essential to assess the constant non recurring technological challenges which needed to be retired rapidly from the engineering risk liens. Development never slowed due to tactical assessment of the hardware with the adoption of the SCRUM technique. We adapted this concept as a representation of mitigation of technical risk while allowing for design freeze later in the program's development cycle. By using Agile Systems Engineering and Management techniques which enabled decisive action, the product development momentum effectively was used to produce two novel space vehicles in a fraction of time with dramatically reduced cost.
Rod-derived cone viability factor : un espoir de thérapie des dégénérescences rétiniennes ? (2005)

cours du dveloppement Les analyses phnotypiques des souris invalides pour CDK4/6 et les cyclines D ayant t ralises des stades tardifs du dveloppement, des phnomnes compensatoires ont pu se produire. L'tude de stades plus prcoces du dveloppement ainsi que l'inactivation cible dans le temps de ces gnes devraient permettre de prciser les fonctions et les spcificits tissulaires de ces acteurs du cycle cellulaire. Cycling without D-type cyclin