gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial statistics of pulsed partly coherent radiation in a medium with a thermal nonlinearity (1984)

The approximation of small fluctuations of the optical field is used to solve the transient problem of conversion of the spatial statistics of partly coherent radiation in a randomly inhomogeneous weakly absorbing medium. Pulsed radiation is considered and it is assumed that the pulse duration does not exceed the lifetime of inhomogeneities. Equations derived for the coherence functions of field perturbations are used to study in detail the dynamics of the statistical characteristics of radiation, such as the correlation radius, variance of the fluctuations, correlation functions of the amplitudes, and phase of the field perturbations.
Future Flexible OLED Displays for Army Applications (2009)

Organic light emitting diodes have been fabricated on an active matrix backplane from an 180C processed amorphous Si thin film transistors on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates. Organic light emitting diodes have been fabricated on the active matrix backplane. The presentation will include organic material development from ARL in the context of future Army applications.
Room-temperature spin functionality in non-magnetic semiconductor thin films and quantum structures (2013)

Room-temperature spin functionality in non-magnetic semiconductor thin films and quantum structures
Volume Measurement Using 3D Range Imaging (2010)

The use of 3D Range Imaging has widespread applications. One of its applications provides us the information about the volumes of different objects. In this paper, 3D range imaging has been utilised to find out the volumes of different objects using two algorithms that are based on a straightforward means to calculate volume. The algorithms implemented succesfully calculate volume on objects provided that the objects have uniform colour. Objects that have multi-coloured and glossy surfaces provided particular difficulties in determining volume.
Hair motion capturing from multiple view videos (2012)

To create a realistic virtual human, hair animation is an indispensable factor. Many hair simulation methods have been proposed so far, but simulating realistic hair motion such as considering an effect of turbulent flow and friction among enormous amount of hairs is still one of the challenging phenomena. Thus, to reproduce hair motion which includes these desirable features, capturing real hair motion has advantages compared with simulated one. Ishikawa et al. [2007] used a motion capture system and tracked some reflective makers placed on some strands. They successfully reproduce hair motions including an effect of turbulent flow, but since they put on some markers which have weight and only captured sparse strands which mean friction among others is ignored, it is still far from real hair motion.
Verification of the Extended Roofline Model for Asynchronous Many Task Runtimes (2017)

Asynchronous Many Task (AMT) runtimes promise application designers the ability to better utilize novel hardware resources and to take advantages of the idle times that might arise from the discrepancies due to mismatches between software and hardware components. To foresee possible problems between hardware and software components (described as mismatches), designers usually use models to predict and analyze application behaviors. However, current models are ill suited for the AMT crowd because of its dynamic behavior and agility. To this effect, we developed an extended roofline model that aims to provide upper bounds on execution for AMT frameworks. This work focuses on the validation and error characterization of this model using different statistical techniques and a large set of experiments to evaluate and characterize its error and its sources. We found out that in the worst case, the error can grow to an order of magnitude, however there are several techniques to increase the model accuracy given a machine configuration.
CDK12 controls G1/S progression by regulating RNAPII processivity at core DNA replication genes (2019)

CDK12 is a kinase associated with elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and is frequently mutated in cancer. CDK12 depletion reduces the expression of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair genes, but comprehensive insight into its target genes and cellular processes is lacking. We use a chemical genetic approach to inhibit analog-sensitive CDK12, and find that CDK12 kinase activity is required for transcription of core DNA replication genes and thus for G1/S progression. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq reveal that CDK12 inhibition triggers an RNAPII processivity defect characterized by a loss of mapped reads from 3'ends of predominantly long, poly(A)-signal-rich genes. CDK12 inhibition does not globally reduce levels of RNAPII-Ser2 phosphorylation. However, individual CDK12-dependent genes show a shift of P-Ser2 peaks into the gene body approximately to the positions where RNAPII occupancy and transcription were lost. Thus, CDK12 catalytic activity represents a novel link between regulation of transcription and cell cycle progression. We propose that DNA replication and HR DNA repair defects as a consequence of CDK12 inactivation underlie the genome instability phenotype observed in many cancers.
Creation of 3-D Crystals from Single Cobalt Nanoparticles in External Magnetic Fields (2002)

Using monodisperse nanocrystalline cobalt (Co) particles in non-polar colloidal dispersions, large areas of symmetric multi-dimensional structures were created using magnetophoretic deposition (MPD). To overcome the van der Waals and magnetic dipole–dipole interactions, the particles were stabilized with hydrophobic amines, phosphines, carboxylates and/or polymers. Depending on the preparation parameters, our particles had either bcc or ?-Co crystalline structures. Using MPD with magnetic fields up to 1 T, it was possible to create two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of near-perfect symmetry up to 1 m2 in size on various substrates, e.g. carbon-coated copper grids, silicon, or glass. Growth of the 2-D crystal was shown to be dependent on the direction of the applied external magnetic field. Three-dimensional (3-D) crystals could be created by increasing the magnetic field strength up to 6 T.
Sugar-mediated semidian oscillation of gene expression in the cassava storage root regulates starch synthesis (2008)

Starch branching enzyme (SBE) activity in the cassava storage root exhibited a diurnal fluctuation, dictated by a transcriptional oscillation of the corresponding SBE genes. The peak of SBE activity coincided with the onset of sucrose accumulation in the storage, and we conclude that the oscillatory mechanism keeps the starch synthetic apparatus in the storage root sink in tune with the flux of sucrose from the photosynthetic source. When storage roots were uncoupled from the source, SBE expression could be effectively induced by exogenous sucrose. Turanose, a sucrose isomer that cannot be metabolized by plants, mimicked the effect of sucrose, demonstrating that downstream metabolism of sucrose was not necessary for signal transmission. Also glucose and glucose-1-P induced SBE expression. Interestingly, induction by sucrose, turanose and glucose but not glucose-1-P sustained an overt semidian (12-h) oscillation in SBE expression and was sensitive to the hexokinase (HXK) inhibitor glucosamine. These results suggest a pivotal regulatory role for HXK during starch synthesis. Abscisic acid (ABA) was another potent inducer of SBE expression. Induction by ABA was similar to that of glucose-1-P in that it bypassed the semidian oscillator. Both the sugar and ABA signaling cascades were disrupted by okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor. Based on these findings, we propose a model for sugar signaling in regulation of starch synthesis in the cassava storage root.
Thermochromism and optical absorption in Langmuir–Blodgett films of alkyl-substituted polythiophenes (1994)

Thermochromism and optical absorption in mono- and multilayers of Langmuir–Blodgett films of poly(3-alkylthiophenes), poly(3-octyl-2,2′-bithiophene), and poly(3′-octyl-2,2′;5′,2″-terthiophene) were studied. In sparsely alkylated polythiophenes the magnitude of the thermochromic shift was smaller than in poly(3-alkylthiophenes) and roughly proportional to the sidechain concentration. Results of Valence Effective Hamiltonian calculations were compared with the experimental results of thermochromism. A vibronic structure was found in the absorption spectra of Langmuir–Blodgett films at room temperature. The vibronic splitting in poly(3-hexylthiophene) was approximately 0.18 eV as previously has been observed in poly(3-alkylthiophenes) but in poly(3′-octyl-2,2′;5′,2″-terthiophene) it was 0.20–0.25 eV. The vibronic peaks stay approximately at constant energies and vanish at elevated temperatures.
Synthesis and Reactivity of New 1,4-Bis(alkylthio)-3,6-diarylthieno[3,4-<i>c</i>]thiophene Derivatives (1998)

1,4-Bis(tert-butylthio)-3,6-diphenyl- and 3,6-di(2-thienyl)thieno[3,4-c]thiophenes (2a,b)were synthesized from 2-(tert-butylthio)-3-phenyl- and 3-(2-thienyl)cyclopropenethiones (1a,b) and triphenylphosphine in dry benzene at 50 degrees C, although similar treatment of 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl, N,N-diethylamino, pyrrolidino, and diphenyl-substituted cyclopropenethiones (1c-h) did not result in the production of the corresponding thieno[3,4-c]thiophene derivatives. The possible reaction pathway for the formation of 2a,b is described. The protonation of 2a with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) gave 4-(tert-butylthio)-3,6-diphenylthieno[3,4-c]thiophene-1(3H)-thione (13a), the treatment of which with sodium hydride and then isopropyl iodide led to 4-(tert-butylthio)-3,6-diphenyl-1-(isopropylthio)thieno[3,4-c]thiophene (16) by the regeneration of the thieno[3,4-c]thiophene ring system, this making possible the synthesis of other alkylthio-substituted thieno[3,4-c]thiophene derivatives. The reactions of 2a,b with N-phenylmaleimide (NPM) gave predominantly the endo-cycloadducts (17a,b) at the 1- and 3-positions, and that of 2a with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) led to the benzo[c]thiophene derivative (19) by desulfurization.
A new synthesis of β-nitroenamines by amination of nitroolefins with methoxyamines (1998)

S. Seko and I. Komoto, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1998, 2975 DOI: 10.1039/A805844J
Actions of platelet‐derived growth factor isoforms in mesangial cells (1994)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) occurs as homodimers or heterodimers of related polypeptide chains PDGF-BB, -AA, and -AB. There are two receptors that bind PDGF, termed alpha and beta. The beta receptor recognizes PDGF B chain and is dimerized in response to PDGF BB. The alpha receptor recognizes PDGF B as well as A chains and can be dimerized by the three dimeric forms of PDGF AA, AB, and BB. To characterize PDGF receptor signaling mechanisms and biologic activities in human mesangial cells (MC), we explored the effects of the three PDGF isoforms on DNA synthesis, phospholipase C activation, and PDGF protooncogene induction. PDGF-BB homodimer and AB heterodimer induced a marked increase in DNA synthesis, activation of phospholipase C, and autoinduction of PDGF A and B chain mRNAs, whereas PDGF-AA homodimer was without effect. The lack of response to PDGF AA could be accounted for by down-regulation of the PDGF-alpha receptor since preincubation of MC with suramin restored PDGF AA-induced DNA synthesis. Ligand binding studies demonstrate specific binding of labeled PDGF BB and AB and to a lower extent PDGF AA isoforms to mesangial cells. These results are consistent with predominant expression of PDGF beta receptor in MC, which is linked to phospholipase-C activation. The potent biologic effects of PDGF-AB heterodimer in cells that express very few alpha receptors and do not respond to PDGF AA are somewhat inconsistent with the currently accepted model of PDGF receptor interaction and suggest the presence of additional mechanisms for PDGF isoform binding and activation.
Flexural Fatigue Behavior of Thick Glass/Epoxy Composite Flex Beam (2016)

In this paper, a clamped load-applying fixture was used for cyclic flexural bending test. A simple rectangular glass fiber epoxy specimen with bolted holes was subjected to flexural fatigue loading. The flexural fatigue test was conducted under displacement control at 3Hz, with a R-ratio of 0.1 (single sided bending). The fatigue behavior was observed for two stacking sequences: [0]80 and [0/90]20s. For each type, the specimens were subjected to two deflection levels: 60% and 70% of the ultimate displacement. Thermography was used to record the surface temperature increase, focusing on the crack initiation area. A crack was indicated through three ways: sound, visual observation and thermography. A 20% reduction of initial load was taken as a failure criterion. At 60% level, the [0]80 test specimens did not initiate cracks until failure. The [0/90]20s test specimens initiated cracks at 10% of fatigue life. At 70% level, the [0]80 test specimens initiated cracks at 25% of fatigue life while the [0/90]20s test specimens initiated early on fatigue life.
Octave spanning high quality super continuum generation using ultrashort pulse fiber laser &amp;#x223C;Highly functional optical control using ultrafast nonlinear effects in optical fibers&amp;#x223C; (2009)

Ultrafast nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers have a lot of applications and exciting possibilities. In this talk, the achievements and recent results, such as high quality super continuum generation, pulse trapping, etc, are presented.
Global Software Servicing: Observational Experiences at Microsoft (2008)

Software servicing in an important software engineering activity that is gaining significant importance in the global software development context. In this paper we report on a study conducted to understand the processes, practices and problems in the Windows servicing organization in Microsoftpsilas India Development Center. We report on our observations and experiences from this study on the main processes and practices adopted for software servicing in Windows and the main problems pertaining to information needs and communication issues. We also discuss our experiences in this study within the context of prior research defined in the global software development community to explain the ways in which Microsoft addresses these common problems.
Hydrolytic Reactions of the Phosphorodithioate Analogue of Uridylyl(3‘,5‘)uridine:  Kinetics and Mechanisms for the Cleavage, Desulfurization, and Isomerization of the Internucleosidic Linkage (2000)

The hydrolytic reactions of the phosphorodithioate analogue of uridylyl(3',5')uridine [3',5'-Up(s)2U] were followed by HPLC over a wide pH range at 363.2 K. Under acidic and neutral conditions, three reactions compete: (i) desulfurization to a mixture of the (Rp)- and (Sp)-diastereomers of the corresponding 3',5'- and 2',5'-phosphoromonothioates [3',5'- and 2',5'-Up(s)U], which are subsequently desulfurized to a mixture of uridylyl(3',5')- and -(2',5')uridine [3',5'- and 2',5'-UpU], (ii) isomerization to 2',5'-Up(s)2U, and (iii) cleavage to uridine, in all likelihood via a 2',3'-cyclic phosphorodithioate (2',3'-cUMPS2). Under alkaline conditions (pH > 8), only a hydroxide ion catalyzed hydrolysis to uridine via 2',3'-cUMPS2 takes place. At pH 3-7, all three reactions are pH-independent, the desulfurization being approximately 1 order of magnitude faster than the cleavage and isomerization. At pH < 3, all the reactions are hydronium ion catalyzed. On going to very acidic solutions, the cleavage gradually takes over the desulfurization and isomerization. Accordingly, the cleavage overwhelmingly predominates at pH < 0. The overall hydrolytic stability of 3',5'-Up(s)2U is comparable to that of (Sp)- and (Rp)-3',5'-Up(s)U (and to that of 3',5'-UpU, except at pH < 2). The rate of the hydroxide ion catalyzed hydrolysis of 3',5'-Up(s)2U is 37% and 53% of that of (Sp)- and (Rp)-3',5'-Up(s)U, respectively. The reactions, however, differ with the respect of the product accumulation. While the phosphoromonothioates produce a mixture of 2'- and 3'-thiophosphates as stable products, 3',5'-Up(s)2U is hydrolyzed to uridine without accumulation of the corresponding dithiophosphates. At pH < 3, where the hydrolysis is hydronium ion catalyzed, the kinetic thio-effect of the second thio substitution is small: under very acidic conditions (Ho -0.69), (Sp)-3',5'-Up(s)U reacts 1.6 times as fast as 3',5'-Up(s)2U, but the reactivity difference decreases on going to less acidic solutions. In summary, the hydrolytic stability of 3',5'-Up(s)2U closely resembles that of the corresponding phosphoromonothioate. While replacing one of the nonbridging phosphate oxygens of 3',5'-UpU with sulfur stabilizes the phosphodiester bond under acidic conditions by more than 1 order of magnitude, the replacement of the remaining nonbridging oxygen has only a minor influence on the overall hydrolytic stability.
Plant Growth Substances - Principles and Applications (1995)

Historical aspects and fundamental terms and concepts Methodology for the extraction, purification and determination of plant growth substances Chemistry, biological effects and mechanism of action of plant growth substances Seed germination and seedling growth Rooting Dormancy Juvenility, maturity and senescence Flowering Abscission Physiology of fruit set, growth, development, ripening, premature drop, and abscission Tuberization Manipulation of growth and photosynthetic processes by plant growth regulators Weed control.
Triple-cation perovskite solar cells for visible light communications (2020)

Hybrid perovskite materials are widely researched due to their high absorptivity, inexpensive synthesis, and promise in photovoltaic devices. These materials are also of interest as highly sensitive photodetectors. In this study, their potential for use in visible light communication is explored in a configuration that allows for simultaneous energy and data harvesting. Using a triple-cation material and appropriate device design, a new record data rate for perovskite photodetectors of 56 Mbps and power conversion efficiencies above 20% under white LED illumination are achieved. With this device design, the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m1"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo form="prefix">−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mi>dB</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> bandwidth is increased by minimizing the dominating time constant of the system. This correlation between the bandwidth and time constant is proved using measurements of time-resolved photoluminescence, transient photovoltage, and device resistance.
Modern Trends in Design and Testing of Milling Cutters (2016)

Design of modern cutting tools should comply with demands on their dynamic behavior and with the possibility of balancing them. Without sufficient balancing, there is risk of a failure of the cutting tool during cut. The right shape and position between the seat and the tool axis are crucial for a productive cutting tool. This is why it is necessary to control these factors. Because of the complexity of insert seat shape, it is appropriate to use modern technologies. This article is focused on designing a cutting tool with inserts which will have high durability. The cutting tool is designed for machining heat resistant alloys. The cutting tool geometry and direction of coolant holes are controlled by the variation focus method. After designing the cutting tool, the article is focused on manufacturing the tool. The last part focuses on controlling the desired parameters and on practical tests of the designed cutting tool.
Narinyani's Subdefinite Models: Maturing, Application, Problems, and Prospects (2020)

The paper gives an informal description of the subdefinite models (S-models) proposed by the Soviet and Russian scientist A.S. Narinyani, considers systems and technologies implemented on their basis, and describes in detail the history of the creation and development of the UniCalc solver. Particular attention is paid to the use of S-models for solving financial and economic problems. The problems that hindered the widespread use of S-models and possible ways of their solving are also discussed. Prospects for the development and application of S-models at the present stage are outlined.
Coloring-based resource allocations in ad-hoc wireless networks (2011)

It is well known that CSMA/CA protocols exhibit very poor performance in case of multi-hop transmissions, because of inter-link interference due to imperfect carrier sensing. We propose to control such an interference by preallocating temporal slots in which different sets of network nodes are allowed to contend for the channel access. The approach is based on distributed coloring algorithms with limited signaling overhead that can be customized as a function of the network topology and traffic load.
Electrodeposition of Adherent MnO<sub>2</sub> Films with Optimized Current Collector Interface for 3D Li-Ion Electrodes (2018)

Three-dimensional (3D) architectures for high-performance energy storage devices has been the subject of ongoing investigations targeting their integration in autonomous microelectronic systems. In this paper we present a route toward the realization of high capacity LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) cathode films for 3D thin-film lithium-ion batteries. One of the critical steps in the process is the electrodeposition of MnO 2 coatings also known as electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) films. The main challenges of depositing thick enough EMD films directly on the current collector often lay in achieving a good film adhesion and preventing oxidation of non-noble current collectors such as TiN and Ni. Indeed, whereas EMD is typically used as powder for primary MnO 2 based batteries and thus delamination from the current collector is desired, well adherent films are required for 3D thin-film batteries. To improve the adhesion of the EMD films we modify the surface of the current collector by means of nanometer thin seed layer coatings, which also prevent the oxidation of the underlying current collector substrate during the anodic deposition process. As a result, submicron to micron thick EMD films with good adhesion were deposited on various current collectors. The acidity of the electrolyte solutions was adjusted depending on the type of the surface coating or current collector used. The mechanism of the EMD film growth and morphology on different substrates will be discussed. Compatibility of the proposed current collector interface modification for the electrodeposition of conformal thick EMD films on high-aspect ratio microstructures was demonstrated. Finally, conversion of the EMD to LMO films is shown at low enough temperatures to be compatible with the underlying substrates. The functionality and high rate performance of the 3D LMO electrodes in Li-ion cell is demonstrated. Figure: Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) films coated conformally on high aspect ratio pillar arrays for 3D thin-film batteries. Figure 1
Application of spin valve sensor for scanning magnetoresistance microscope (2005)

A cantilever with spin valve sensor has been fabricated using photo and electron beam (EB) lithography, liftoff and bulk micromachining techniques. A four-point sensor configuration was used which has the advantages of neglecting resistance of lead electrodes and improving the signal-noise ratio (SNR) due to the reduction of total resistance of the magnetoresistive sensors.