gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From optimal dosing of folate-conjugates for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer to novel therapies in arthritis (2004)

A variety of human cancer cells and inflammatory macrophages over-express the receptor that binds folic acid. Folic acid can be attached to virtually any molecule without compromising its affinity to the folate receptor, making folate-linked molecules an attractive method for the detection and treatment of human cancers and arthritis. The dosing regimen for folate-linked molecules previously had not been optimized. Therefore, we sought to analyze the binding properties, rate of internalization, frequency of recycling, and rate of unloading of the folate receptor in human cancer cells and animal models. From these studies, we gained greater insight both regarding folate receptor-mediated endocytosis, and the optimal dosing regimen of folate-linked molecules for detection and treatment of patients with cancer and arthritis. Activated macrophages, which are abundant in inflamed joints and organs of rodents, dogs, and humans with arthritis, were observed to over-express the folate receptor. In a recent publication, we demonstrate that these activated macrophages can be selectively targeted using folate-linked imaging agents, providing visual detection of the affected joints. Here, folate-FITC is shown to bind to this population of activated macrophages, thereby decorating the cell surfaces with highly immunogenic molecules. Under conditions where the animal has already been immunized against FITC, activated macrophages are rapidly eliminated from the body, resulting in a significant improvement of arthritis; including reduced paw swelling, bone and cartilage disintegration, and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, our folate-targeted immunotherapy is observed to reduce symptoms of arthritis as effectively as current anti-arthritis treatments, including methotrexate, Celecoxib®, Etanercept ®, and Ankinra®. Therefore, folate-targeted immunotherapy appears worthwhile for the treatment of patients with arthritis as well as for other autoimmune diseases caused or worsened by activated macrophages that over-express the folate receptor.
Analytical Scheme Leading to Integrated High-Sensitivity Profiling of Glycosphingolipids Together with <i>N</i>- and <i>O</i>-Glycans from One Sample (2018)

Glycoconjugates are directly or indirectly involved in many biological processes. Due to their complex structures, the structural elucidation of glycans and the exploration of their role in biological systems have been challenging. Glycan pools generated through release from glycoprotein or glycolipid mixtures can often be very complex. For the sake of procedural simplicity, many glycan profiling studies choose to concentrate on a single class of glycoconjugates. In this paper, we demonstrate it feasible to cover glycosphingolipids, N-glycans, and O-glycans isolated from the same sample. Small volumes of human blood serum and ascites fluid as well as small mouse brain tissue samples are sufficient to profile sequentially glycans from all three classes of glycoconjugates and even positively identify some mixture components through MALDI-MS and LC-ESI-MS. The results show that comprehensive glycan profiles can be obtained from the equivalent of 500-μg protein starting material or possibly less. These methodological improvements can help accelerating future glycomic comprehensive studies, especially for precious clinical samples. Graphical Abstract Outline of glycan profiling procedures.
Signal Processing Techniques for High-speed Chip-to-chip Links (2012)

This thesis tackles the problem of high-speed data communication over wireline channels. Particular attention is paid to backplane channels which have impedance discontinuities and high-frequency loss. These channels require extra equalization effort in order to produce an open eye diagram at the receiver. Three signal processing techniques were investigated in the pursuit of higher data rates over backplane channels: transmit-side FIR filter equalization with variable tap spacing, bidirectional communication using frequency-division multiplexing, and an ADC-based receiver to provide a capability for non-linear equalization. The ADC presented here is a 5-bit flash ADC intended to be time-interleaved to attain a sufficient data rate. This ADC uses redundant comparators to obtain sufficient resolution without an explicit threshold tuning circuit. A resonant clocking line is used to reduce power and increase the maximum clock frequency.
Mental Representations and Computational Modeling of Context-Specific Human Norm Systems. (2017)

Human behavior is frequently guided by social and moralnorms; in fact, no societies, no social groups could exist with-out norms. However, there are few cognitive science ap-proaches to this central phenomenon of norms. While therehas been some progress in developing formal representationsof norm systems (e.g., deontological approaches), we do notyet know basic properties of human norms: how they arerepresented, activated, and learned. Further, what computa-tional models can capture these properties, and what algo-rithms could learn them? In this paper we describe initial ex-periments on human norm representations in which the contextspecificity of norms features prominently. We then provide aformal representation of norms using Dempster-Shafer Theorythat allows a machine learning algorithm to learn norms un-der uncertainty from these human data, while preserving theircontext specificity.
Natural and Induced Human Antibody Response to Cancer (2000)

(2000). Natural and Induced Human Antibody Response to Cancer. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 480-489.
Thermal Stability of Fluorocarbon Films Deposited from Pentafluoroethane/Argon Plasmas (2000)

Fluorocarbon films were deposited from pentafluoroethane/argon mixtures in a parallel‐plate reactor at a pressure of 1 Torr and substrate temperatures between 120 and 210°C. Films deposited on substrates placed on the heated, grounded electrode as well as films formed on the powered electrode were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Polymer deposition rates decreased with an increase in substrate temperature indicating that reactant adsorption is the rate‐limiting step. Films deposited on the powered electrode had an O/C ratio of 0.14, which was significantly higher than that of films deposited on the grounded electrode at elevated temperatures. Likewise, IR spectra of films on the powered electrode also showed significant contributions from C=O related groups. TGA data indicated that the powered electrode films had ∼3% weight loss at 250°C, while films deposited on the grounded electrode had ∼1% weight loss at 250°C. The thermal stability of films deposited on the grounded electrode was significantly enhanced when deposited at higher substrate temperatures. XPS analyses indicated a decrease in the F/C ratio of the deposited films with an increase in substrate temperature. TGA analyses indicated that weight loss below 250°C was due primarily to the outgassing of low‐molecular weight species from the fluorocarbon films. The higher weight loss region between 320 and 425°C was ascribed to polymer degradation due to scission of main chain C‐C bonds and to evolution of HF and . © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as ultrasensitive electrometers (2001)

We show that it is possible to construct low-noise single-electron transistors (SETs) using free-standing multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The 1/fα-noise of our devices, 6×10−6e/Hz at 45 Hz, is close in the performance to the best metallic SETs of today.
Long-Term Culture of Rat Hippocampal Neurons at Low Density in Serum-Free Medium: Combination of the Sandwich Culture Technique with the Three-Dimensional Nanofibrous Hydrogel PuraMatrix (2014)

The primary culture of neuronal cells plays an important role in neuroscience. There has long been a need for methods enabling the long-term culture of primary neurons at low density, in defined serum-free medium. However, the lower the cell density, the more difficult it is to maintain the cells in culture. Therefore, we aimed to develop a method for long-term culture of neurons at low density, in serum-free medium, without the need for a glial feeder layer. Here, we describe the work leading to our determination of a protocol for long-term (>2 months) primary culture of rat hippocampal neurons in serum-free medium at the low density of 3×10(4) cells/mL (8.9×10(3) cells/cm2) without a glial feeder layer. Neurons were cultured on a three-dimensional nanofibrous hydrogel, PuraMatrix, and sandwiched under a coverslip to reproduce the in vivo environment, including the three-dimensional extracellular matrix, low-oxygen conditions, and exposure to concentrated paracrine factors. We examined the effects of varying PuraMatrix concentrations, the timing and presence or absence of a coverslip, the timing of neuronal isolation from embryos, cell density at plating, medium components, and changing the medium or not on parameters such as developmental pattern, cell viability, neuronal ratio, and neurite length. Using our method of combining the sandwich culture technique with PuraMatrix in Neurobasal medium/B27/L-glutamine for primary neuron culture, we achieved longer neurites (≥3,000 µm), greater cell viability (≥30%) for 2 months, and uniform culture across the wells. We also achieved an average neuronal ratio of 97%, showing a nearly pure culture of neurons without astrocytes. Our method is considerably better than techniques for the primary culture of neurons, and eliminates the need for a glial feeder layer. It also exhibits continued support for axonal elongation and synaptic activity for long periods (>6 weeks).
Characterization of the Putative Type III Secretion ATPase CdsN (Cpn0707) of<i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> (2008)

Type III secretion (T3S) is utilized by a wide range of gram-negative bacterial pathogens to allow the efficient delivery of effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm through the use of a syringe-like injectisome. Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen that has the structural genes coding for a T3S system, but the functionality of the system has not yet been demonstrated. T3S is dependent on ATPase activity, which catalyzes the unfolding of proteins and the secretion of effector proteins through the injectisome. CdsN (Cpn0707) is predicted to be the T3S ATPase of C. pneumoniae based on sequence similarity to other T3S ATPases. Full-length CdsN and a C-terminal truncation of CdsN were cloned as glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged constructs and expressed in Escherichia coli. The GST-tagged C-terminal truncation of CdsN possessed ATPase activity, catalyzing the release of ADP and P(i) from ATP at a rate of 0.55 +/- 0.07 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. CdsN formed oligomers and high-molecular-weight multimers, as assessed by formaldehyde fixation and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using bacterial two-hybrid and GST pull-down assays, CdsN was shown to interact with CdsD, CdsL, CdsQ, and CopN, four putative structural components of the C. pneumoniae T3S system. CdsN also interacted with an unannotated protein, Cpn0706, a putative CdsN chaperone. Interactions between CdsN, CdsD, and CopN represent novel interactions not previously reported for other bacterial T3S systems and may be important in the localization and/or function of the ATPase at the inner membrane of C. pneumoniae.
Dual Space of the C~*-Algebra (2001)

Let A be a commutative and separable C\+* algebra, and A\+* be its dual space, then A\+* coincids with the complex limear W\+* closed extension of Ω which is the spectral space of A .
High-speed programmable optical attenuator (2000)

A high-speed programmable optical attenuator is introduced that can provide high dynamic range and high resolution attenuation control. An acousto-optic Bragg cell has been used to realize the desired attenuator. Various practical architectures have been proposed to prove the concept. A typical acousto-optic deflector (AOD) based design offers a dynamic range of 46.11 dB. The average resolution is 3.08 dB/volt whereas the best resolution achieved is 0.39 dB/volt. The response time of the AO attenuator is in the sub microsecond(s) regime, and was observed as low as 0.175 microsecond(s) . The polarization dependent loss was about 0.7 dB, whereas the excess losses were about 1.5 dB.
Process Improvements in the Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trifluorobenzoic Acid. Selective Hydrodefluorination of Tetrafluorophthalimides (1998)

An improved preparation of the fluoroquinolone antibacterial intermediate 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid is described. A combination of a selective hydrodefluorination and hydrolysis reaction of 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-N-methylphthalimide leading to 3,5,6-trifluorophthalic acid was key to the success of the process. In addition the development of a two-step, one-pot imidization/halogen exchange from tetrachlorophthalic anhydride to 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-N-methylphthalimide in sulfolane solvent is detailed.
Energy efficient symbol-level precoding in multiuser MISO channels (2015)

This paper investigates the idea of exploiting interference among the simultaneous multiuser transmissions in the downlink of multiple antennas systems. Using symbol level precoding, a new approach towards addressing the multiuser interference is discussed through jointly utilizing the channel state information (CSI) and data information (DI). In this direction, the interference among the data streams is transformed under certain conditions to useful signal that can improve the signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) of the downlink transmissions. In this context, new constructive interference precoding techniques that tackle the transmit power minimization (min power) with individual SINR constraints at each user's receivers are proposed. Furthermore, we investigate the CI precoding design under the assumption that the received MPSK symbol can reside in a relaxed region in order to be correctly detected. Finally, extensive numerical results show that the proposed schemes outperform other state of the art techniques.
Do normal hemodynamics parameters in bariatric patients belie intrinsic myocardial dysfunction? A cardiovascular MRI study (2010)

Introduction Classical teachings describe adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with BMI>30 such that refined bariatric surgical approaches have evolved attempting to reduce the observed morbidity and mortality of obesity. However, recently, numerous investigations report a paradoxically more normal CV risk profile as assessed by standard clinical tools such as echocardiography, nuclear or catheterization.
Magnetic Alignment of Self-Assembled Anthracene Organogel Fibers (2005)

High magnetic fields are shown to be remarkably effective to orient self-assembled 2,3-bis-n-decyloxyanthracene (DDOA) fibers during organogel preparation. Magnetic orientation of DDOA results in a highly organized material displaying a fiber-orientation order parameter of 0.85, a large linear birefringence, and fluorescence dichroism. The aligned organogel is stable after removal of the magnetic field at room temperature and consists of fibers oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Models for the molecular organization within the gel fibers are discussed upon quantitative analysis of the birefringence. Prospectively, magnetic alignment can be used to improve specific properties of organogel materials.
Endoscopic sphincterotomy and papillary balloon dilation for bile duct stones. (2005)

The rate of bile duct clearance with EPBD was comparable to that with EST. Early complications did not differ between EST and EPBD. The use of EST tended to be associated with a lower incidence of acute pancreatitis, a higher incidence of bleeding, and a higher rate of perforation.
Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and It Is Assessment for Potential Compost Production: A Case Study in Zanjan City, Iran (2014)

The increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generations and their improper disposal have great social costs, and is an issue of increasing concern. There are strict mandatory targets in many nations to reduce the amount of MSW entering the landfill. At present, the source reducing, recycling, reusing, waste combusting, and also composting the MSW are the major strategies which are being advised spread across the world. Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) practices in Zanjan, a city with population of about 350,000 persons, are generating about 300 tons of MSW daily those are consisting of the collection, transportation and land filling of the wastes. The wastes are not recycled and composted but just mainly land filled. Therefore, this research is conducted to study the generation, characterization and management strategies of solid wastes in Zanjan city. The samplings of MSW were performed in all four seasons during 2010 and the contents of its main components are determined. The qualitative and quantitative results indicated that the composting of MSW is feasible and can be adopted as a proper MSWM approach in the studied area. Recycling of paper, plastic and glass along with composting of MSW are highly recommended.
Multi-device L-impedance CLD Cell DC-DC Boost Converter (2023)

This paper proposed a multi-device L-impedance network based DC-DC boost converter integrated with CLD cell. The proposed structure comprises of three units namely L-impedance, multi-device, and capacitor-inductor-diode (CLD) Cell. The key feature of the proposed structure is that it provides enhanced flexibility to select the voltage gain by selecting number of inductors, number of switches and duty ratio (D). By incorporating CLD cell in the proposed topology the voltage stress across the active switch is reduced. The Limpedance network is responsible for achieving the high voltage gain and the multi-device structure is adopted to reduce the rating of passive components. The derivation of the generalized structure for k-stage L-impedance with m-number of active switches (multi-device) is presented in the paper. Furthermore, the detail analysis for 2-stage L-impedance network with two active switches with its working modes and related equations are presented for 500W. Additionally, to shew the advantages of the proposed topology, it is compared with the existing topologies such as conventional boost converter(CBC), multidevice interleaved boost converter (MDIBC), multidevice switch inductor interleaved boost converter (MDISIBC), quadratic boost converter with CLD (Q-CLD), L-impedance boost converter with CLD (SIBC-CLD) and multi-device boost converter with CLD (MDBC-CLD).
Oligonucleotides containing 7- or 8-methyl-7-deazaguanine: steric requirements of major groove substituents on the DNA structure (1996)

Methyl groups in alternating octanucleotides containing 7-methyl-7-deazaguanine and cytosine have steric freedom and maintain the B-DNA structure, whereas the isomeric-8-methyl-7-deazaguanine causes a B–Z transition.
Electrostatic self-cleaning gecko-like adhesives (2018)

This paper describes the use of the electrostatic element of an electrostatic/gecko-like adhesive to repel dust particles, which have been shown to significantly affect adhesion and reliability. The result is a non-destructive, non-contact cleaning method that can be used in conjunction with other cleaning techniques, many of which rely on physical contact between the fibrillar adhesive and substrate. The paper focuses on experimental evaluation of the repulsion of 100 μm glass beads as a function of wave shape, frequency, phase number and electrode direction in relation to the gecko-like features. Results show that a two-phase square wave with the lowest practically feasible frequency can remove 100 μm glass beads from a directional gecko-like adhesive with up to 70% efficiency. Finally, using the optimized electrostatic cleaning properties, results show an approximately 25% recovery in shear stress on a rough glass for three contaminated directional gecko-like adhesives after contact with a dusty table.
Soluble immunological markers of disease activity in tuberculosis (1999)

The obtention of a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), assessment of the extent and intensity of disease activity, and follow-up of the patient response to treatment are all encumbered by our still limited ability to quantify the infectious load using the microbiological tools available in current practice. In this context, a number of attempts have been made to determine the role that soluble disease markers could play as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in pulmonary, pleural and extrapulmonary TB. As in other lung diseases, molecules which become overexpressed during immune cell activation have been measured in biological fluids such as serum, pleural fluid and the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lower respiratory tract of TB patients, with the intent of gauging the activation of the immune system in response to the TB bacillus, to assess disease activity and predict the disease course. A number of specific and nonspecific immune marker studies have thus appeared in the literature in the last twenty years. Among them Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific serum antibodies, the T-lymphocyte enzyme adenosine deaminase, the macrophage activation product neopterin, the mononuclear cell surface protein b2 microglobulin, soluble T-cell interleukin (IL)-2 receptors as well as sol
Analysis of ras gene expression in stomach cancer by anti-ras p21 monoclonal antibodies. (1988)

Using anti-ras p21 monoclonal antibodies, RASK-3, which reacts with all of Ki-, N-, and Ha-ras p21, we examined by immunohistochemistry the expression of p21 in human gastric cancer (80 cases) and benign gastric lesions (32 cases). Ten percent formalin fixed tissues were studied. Ras p21 was positive in 51 cases (64%) out of 80 cases and partially positive in 12 cases (15%) at the cancerous areas. Ras p21 was partially positive in 7 cases (9%) at the noncancer areas of the same slides. Intestinal metaplasia and normal parietal cells were also often positive. In the study of 32 cases of benign stomach lesions, 2 out of 3 cases of atypical hyperplasia (ATP) and 3 out of 11 cases of stomach ulcer with regenerating epithelials were positive. Ras p21 was more dominantly expressed in the well-differentiated type of stomach cancer than the poorly differentiated type. Expression of ras p21, however, was not correlated either with the grades of cancer invasion or with the types of cancer infiltration.
Object-Oriented Modeling of Complex Mechatronic Components for the Manufacturing Industry (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The advantages of object-oriented modeling, as modularity and reusability of components, are very important not only for software development but also for modeling manufacturing systems. Recently, a unified object-oriented approach for modeling both the logical and the physical part of a manufacturing machine has been proposed. In this paper, we show the effectiveness of this new modeling framework on an industrial application. The case study consists of the package forming unit of a filling machine for liquid food packaging, developed by Tetra Pak Carton Ambient S.p.A. </para>