gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Seebeck coefficient of quantum-confined electrons in SrTiO3∕SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3 superlattices (2007)

We report two-dimensional Seebeck coefficients (∣S∣2D) of [(SrTiO3)x∕(SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3)y]20 (x=1–60, y=1–20) superlattices, which were grown on the (100) face of insulating LaAlO3 substrates to clarify the origin of the giant ∣S∣2D values of the SrTiO3 superlattices [H. Ohta et al., Nat. Mater. 6, 129 (2007)]. The ∣S∣2D values of the [(SrTiO3)17∕(SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3)y]20 superlattices increased proportionally to y−0.5 and reached 320μVK−1 (y=1), which is approximately five times larger than that of the SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3 bulk (∣S∣3D=61μVK−1). The slope of the log∣S∣2D-logy plots was −0.5, proving that the density of states in the ground state for SrTiO3 increases inversely proportionally to y. The critical barrier thickness for quantum electron confinement was also clarified to be 6.25nm (16 unit cells of SrTiO3).
S2. Formal assessment of AZD5363 combination indices in response to the addition of various endocrine agents. from AKT Antagonist AZD5363 Influences Estrogen Receptor Function in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer and Synergizes with Fulvestrant (ICI182780) &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell lines were treated as described with GI50 concentrations of each drug alone or in combination, as indicated in the graphs. For Combination Index Tables shown, each graph cells were treated with AZD5363 and a combination of (A) 4-OHT, (B) fulvestrant and (C) anastrozole over a 6-day period. CIs were derived using Calcusyn software and significance was calculated, as detailed in the Methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 1919: Prediction of systemic cytokine exposure in human after IV administration of oncolytic myxoma virus, using quantitative systems pharmacology modeling (2021)

Abstract A quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model of oncolytic immunotherapies based on the myxoma virus (MYXV) platform was constructed to project systemic cytokine exposure after intravenous (IV) administration, and to determine safe doses. Oncolytic viruses selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells and provide stimulation to the immune system. The genome of MYXV is relatively large and is amenable to engineering for expression of transgenic proteins. The QSP model mechanistically describes virus administration, infection of competent cells, promoter-dependent gene transcription, cytokine payload production and secretion, and secondary cytokine responses. An in vitro model was calibrated to cytokine release data from virus infected PBMCs. A mouse model was developed to recapitulate virus PK data and cytokine data collected in the serum of tumor-bearing mice who received various IV doses of oncolytic virus constructs. The cytokine data include time-resolved measurements of transgenic cytokine expression (the viral payload), the immediate endogenous cytokine response to the virus vehicle itself, as well as secondary cytokine responses. Learnings from the in vitro model, the in vivo mouse model as well as from human specific literature information were used to create the human model. The resulting human model was used to project systemic expression of cytokine payloads and subsequent secondary cytokine responses for various IV doses of the oncolytic virus construct. Projected cytokine levels were compared to previously established cytokine exposure at maximum tolerated doses of IV administered cytokines to assess potential safety implications. The impact of uncertainties in model predictions stemming from variability in the available data and from the assumptions made during model building was evaluated. The upper range of predicted systemic cytokine exposure in humans is still expected to fall within known safety margins at the planned doses of oncolytic immunotherapies. In the absence of human data, QSP modeling represents a holistic approach of integrating all available knowledge and preclinical data for the purpose of human prediction. It yields valuable insight on the system-wide effects of IV oncolytic viral administration and can be expanded in the future to include assessment of efficacy in the form of tumor growth inhibition. Citation Format: A. Katharina Wilkins, Lina S. Franco, Diana H. Marcantonio, Karyn L. Sutton, Joshua F. Apgar, John M. Burke, Grant McFadden, Fei Hua, Leslie L. Sharp. Prediction of systemic cytokine exposure in human after IV administration of oncolytic myxoma virus, using quantitative systems pharmacology modeling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1919.
In Situ Quantification of Interactions between Charged Nanorods in a Predefined Potential Energy Landscape (2020)

Quantitative understanding of nanoscale interactions is a prerequisite for harnessing the remarkable collective properties of nanoparticle systems. Here, we report the combined use of liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy and electron beam lithography to elucidate the interactions between charged nanorods in a predefined potential energy landscape. In situ site-selective lift-off of surface-functionalized lithographed gold nanorods is achieved by patterning them with adhesion layer materials that undergo etching at different rates. Analysis of the subsequent nanorod motion, which is two-dimensionally confined as a result of the particle-substrate attraction, allows quantification of interparticle interactions in a lithographically engineered environment. For lithographed nanorods patterned with the same adhesion layer material, their self-assembly behavior following lift-off is tuned by changing their starting spatial arrangement. Our approach facilitates investigation of interparticle interactions in designed nanoparticle systems and affords fundamental insights into the role of the potential energy landscape in determining the kinetic pathway for nanoparticle self-assembly.
Design and Optimization of a Homopolar Permanent-Magnet Linear Tubular Motor Equipped With the E-Core Stator (2019)

In this study, a new homopolar permanent-magnet (PM) linear tubular motor is designed, analyzed and optimized. Firstly, a mechanical structure of the linear oscillating motor (LOM) is proposed and the main working principles are introduced. A basic dynamic mathematic model of the motor is given. Secondly, the magnetic circuit of the motor is analyzed and equivalent magnetic modes are obtained to estimate the magnetic characteristic and force outputs. Thirdly, optimizations including the tooth stricter of the E-core stator, the size of the PM and the air gap length are carried out to improve the force output performance of the motor, increasing force outputs and reducing force ripples during the stroke. Finally, the motor prototype is manufactured according to the design and experimental tests involving force outputs and working efficiency are measured. The average force output and efficiency of the motor can achieve 60 N and 67 %, respectively. Results obtained by finite element method (FEM) and experiments prove the correctness of the design and the effectiveness of the LOM.
The heptapeptide somatostatin analogue TT-232 exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions via SST4 receptor activation: In silico, in vitro and in vivo evidence in mice (2023)

Since the conventional and adjuvant analgesics have limited effectiveness frequently accompanied by serious side effects, development of novel, potent pain killers for chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain conditions is a big challenge. Somatostatin (SS) regulates endocrine, vascular, immune and neuronal functions, cell proliferation through 5 G<sub>i</sub> protein-coupled receptors (SST<sub>1</sub>-SST<sub>5</sub>). SS released from the capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory nerves mediates anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects without endocrine actions via SST<sub>4</sub>. The therapeutic use of the native SS is limited by its diverse biological actions and short plasma elimination half-life. Therefore, SST<sub>4</sub> selective SS analogues could be promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug candidates with new mode of action. TT-232 is a cyclic heptapeptide showing great affinity to SST<sub>4</sub> and SST<sub>1</sub>. Here, we report the in silico SST<sub>4</sub> receptor binding mechanism, in vitro binding (competition assay) and cAMP- decreasing effect of TT-232 in SST<sub>4</sub>-expressing CHO cells, as well as its analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions in chronic neuropathic pain and arthritis models using wildtype and SST<sub>4</sub>-deficient mice. TT-232 binds to SST<sub>4</sub> with similar interaction energy (-11.03 kcal/mol) to the superagonist J-2156, displaces somatostatin from SST<sub>4</sub> binding (10 nM to 30 µM) and inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation (EC<sub>50</sub>: 371.6 ± 58.03 nmol; E<sub>max</sub>: 78.63 ± 2.636 %). Its i.p. injection (100, 200 µg/kg) results in significant, 35.7 % and 50.4 %, analgesic effects upon single administration in chronic neuropathic pain and repeated injection in arthritis models in wildtype, but not in SST<sub>4</sub>-deficient mice. These results provide evidence that the analgesic effect of TT-232 is mediated by SST<sub>4</sub> activation, which might open novel drug developmental potentials. Chemical compounds Chemical compounds studied in this article TT-232 (PubChem CID: 74053735).
Fabrication of High Frequency Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator Using Thinned Single-Crystal Lithium Niobate Layers (2008)

Bulk acoustic waves excited in thin piezoelectric films have revealed their capabilities for addressing the problem of high frequency RF filters (above 1 GHz). In this paper, we propose an alternative to thin film deposition consisting in single crystal wafers bonded on a substrate (for instance silicon or glass) and thinned, allowing for plate thickness close to 10 μ m. This has been achieved on 3 inches wafers and allows for an accurate selection of the wave characteristics. More, the properties of the piezoelectric material are found conform with tabulated values, enabling one to reliably design any passive signal processing device.
Supplementary Figures S1-4 from NeoPalAna: Neoadjuvant Palbociclib, a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor, and Anastrozole for Clinical Stage 2 or 3 Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig. S1 is the consort diagram; Supplementary Fig. S2 describes the clinicopathologic and molecular features of the 6 palbociclib resistant tumors; Supplementary Fig S3 shows the proliferation score and correlation with Ki67 at each time point; Supplementary Fig S4 shows the heatmap of the proliferation score genes and ER regulated genes&lt;/p&gt;
Presentation and communication of visual artworks in an interactive virtual environment (2013)

New forms of art have developed because of the possibilities that modern technology provides for artists. However, innovative technology can not only be used in the creation of new media art but also sets a range of new opportunities for the presentation and communication of visual art. In this paper, we want to introduce an approach for the presentation of visual artworks in interactive virtual environments. In this work, we showcase a project that focuses on the problem of exploring and implementing innovative approaches and technologies for displaying art in a 3D virtual environment. We wish to excite people about art by offering them an entertaining and educational virtual experience. Furthermore, we want to contribute towards escaping from the common exhibition space by creating a virtual application that augments the presented artwork by offering an interactive audience experience.
A Scalable 6-to-18GHz Concurrent Dual-Band Quad-Beam Phased-Array Receiver in CMOS (2008)

This paper describes the general architecture and the signal-path behavior of a CMOS programmable phased-array receiver element that simultaneously operates at two frequencies between 6 and 18GHz (a tritave) while forming four independently controlled beams.
Semaphorin-3F Is an Inhibitor of Tumor Angiogenesis (2004)

The neuropilin-1 (np1) and neuropilin-2 (np2) receptors form complexes with type-A plexins. These complexes serve as signaling receptors for specific class-3 semaphorins. Np1 and np2 function in addition as receptors for heparin-binding forms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), such as VEGF(165). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express tyrosine-kinase receptors for VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), as well as np1, np2, and several type-A plexins. We have found that semaphorin-3F (s3f), a semaphorin which signals through the np2 receptor, was able to inhibit VEGF(165), as well as bFGF-induced proliferation of HUVECs. Furthermore, s3f inhibited VEGF as well as bFGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2. Our experiments indicate that bFGF does not bind to neuropilins, nor does s3f inhibit the binding of bFGF to FGF receptors. It is therefore possible that s3f inhibits the activity of bFGF by a mechanism that requires active s3f signal transduction rather than by inhibition of bFGF binding to FGF receptors. s3f also inhibited VEGF(165), as well as bFGF-induced in vivo angiogenesis as determined by the alginate micro-encapsulation and Matrigel plug assays. Overexpression of s3f in tumorigenic human HEK293 cells inhibited their tumor-forming ability but not their proliferation in cell culture. The tumors that did develop from s3f-expressing HEK293 cells developed at a much slower rate and had a significantly lower concentration of tumor-associated blood vessels, indicating that s3f is an inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis.
Neural Spike Compression Using Feature Extraction and a Fuzzy C-Means Codebook (2014)

The live implantation of micro-electrode arrays allows the observation of populations of neural activity. There is a strong need for unsupervised adaptable neural spike extraction and spike-sorting methods, which would significantly reduce data throughput and allow for implantation and wireless transmission. We present a method for neural spike feature-extraction that involves the generation and use of a fuzzy c-means codebook. A dual-threshold spike detector isolates action potentials, and arithmetic circuits are used to extract features. Simulations show that only seven features are needed for effective template matching. Feature extraction improves neural signal compression by 87% compared to spike detection alone, possibly enabling wireless capability and hence implantation.
1,4-Addition Reactions Catalyzed by Polymer-Supported Azidoproazaphosphatrane (2007)

Merrifield resin-bound azidoproaza­phosphatrane 3 catalyzed the 1,4-addition reactions. Catalyst 3 was prepared from azidomethyl resin 2 with proazaphosphatrane 1 (eq. 1). The reaction of 2-nitropropane with methyl acrylate was carried out in the presence of catalyst 3 to give methyl 4-methyl-4-nitropenta­noate in 95% yield (eq. 2). Similarly, several structurally varying Michael donors, such as 1-nitropropane, nitrocycloalkanes, an α-nitroketone, α-keto esters, thio­phenol, diethyl malonate, and ethyl cyanoacetate, underwent Michael addition with a variety of Michael acceptors including methyl crotonate, methyl acrylate, cyclohexenone, methyl vinyl ketone, and acrylonitrile to give the corresponding 1,4-addition products in 67-98% yield.
Toward a framework for assembling broken pottery vessels (2002)

This paper addresses how to automatically reconstruct pottery vessels from a collection of sherds using a variety of features and their comparisons. To solve the problem, we designed a computational framework that is founded on the primitive operations of “match” proposal and evaluation. A match defines the geometric relationship between a pair of sherds. This framework affords a natural decomposition of the computation required by an automatic assembly process and provides a concrete basis to evaluate the utility of different features and feature comparisons for assembly. Pairwise matches are proposed and subsequently evaluated by a series of independent feature similarity modules. Assembly strategies are abstracted from the feature-specific sherd details and operate solely in terms of the probabilistic output of pair-wise proposals and evaluations. Our framework, which is modular and extensible, paves the way for a system to automatically reconstruct pottery vessels. We demonstrate a greedy assembly strategy that predicts likely pairs and triples of sherds using a handful of proposal and evaluation modules. Previous attempts to automate the task of reconstructing pottery vessels have relied on a single feature, and sometimes user intervention, to direct the search (Ucoluk & Toroslu 1999), (Papaioannou, Karabassi, & Theoharis 2001), (da Gama Leito & Stolfi 1998). While (Cooper et al. 2001) accounts for more than one feature using complex parametric models, we propose a conceptually simpler and modular system for integration akin to (Pankanti, Jain, & Tuceryan 1994) and (Keim et al. 1999; Keim, Shazeer, & Littman 1999). Our framework and assembly strategy are similar to (Jepson & Mann 1999) where they search for a plausible scene interpretation.
Enzymatic sensors based on the ISFETs for determination of heavy metal ions in some vegetables (2002)

Enzymatic sensors based on the ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) for detection of heavy metal ions were developed. It was shown that a urease sensor is more sensitive to the above mentioned ions than a cholinesterases (ChEs) sensor. Inhibition of ChEs is reversible and their activity may be restored by the removal of metal ions from the membranes. ChEs are more stable than urease at the immobilization in the sensor membranes and in time of enzymatic membrane storage. The sensitivity of the urease sensor to heavy metal ions metals was found as follows: Hg/sup 2+/>Cu/sup 2+/>Cd/sup 2+/>Co/sup 2+/. The detection limit depends on the metal ion to be analysed. It was in the range of 10/sup -4/-10/sup -6/ mol/l. To discriminate both, heavy metal ions and phosphoorganic pesticides in samples, it was necessary to use a system which combined urease and ChEs sensors. The use of easily replaceable enzymatic membranes from alginate gel or nitrocellulose (NC) is more suitable for repeated analysis than reactivation of these membranes. The standard deviation of sensor responses for different membrane castings did not exceed 10%. To prevent non-specific response (as a result of the influence of medium conditions and the inhibition of enzyme activity by vegetable sap), the analysed samples should be diluted 2-40 times by 5 mmol/l buffer solution, containing 140 mmol/l sodium chloride.
Ion Exchange in Ultrathin Films (1999)

Cation exchange in styrene sulfonate gels of thickness less than 100 nm is described. The measurement, involving a radiochemical displacement proximity assay with 45Ca2+ as a convenient reference ion, permits rapid evaluation of the kinetics and equilibrium distribution of ions. Because the films are so thin, the limiting mechanism for exchange is mass transport through a thin layer of stagnant liquid adjacent to the exchanger, as opposed to mass transport through the exchanger itself, as found with classical resin-based exchanger materials. Thus, equilibrium is quickly established with all cations, including large, hydrophobic ions, which diffuse very slowly through exchanger. Anomalous behavior in this system of well-defined geometry is readily apparent. The technique has sufficient sensitivity such that the thickness of the exchanger can be submonolayer. As an example of the potential for following, in situ, ion exchange at surfaces, a cationic polyelectrolyte is used as solution-phase displacer. The charged segments on the polymer compete with 45Ca2+ for surface anionic sites. Subtle differences between the adsorption behavior of narrow- and wide-molecular weight distribution polyelectrolyte are revealed.
Modulation Scheme Impact on Phase Noise in FMCW Radar for Short-Range Applications (2021)

This paper presents an analysis of different modulations that can be used at low-IF in short-range frequency- modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars which are more sensitive to DC offsets and flicker noise. These modulations are also a key functionality in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FMCW radars to implement orthogonality between the different transmit signals. Architectures with two PLLs, set at slightly different frequencies to create a low-IF, and one PLL, using OOK and BPSK modulations, are compared regarding their phase noise at the resulting IF signal. Measurements were performed on a COTS 60 GHz FMCW radar to validate the calculated and simulated results.
Accelerating regional atrophy rates in the progression from normal aging to Alzheimer’s disease (2009)

We investigated progression of atrophy in vivo, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We included 64 patients with AD, 44 with MCI and 34 controls with serial MRI examinations (interval 1.8 ± 0.7 years). A nonlinear registration algorithm (fluid) was used to calculate atrophy rates in six regions: frontal, medial temporal, temporal (extramedial), parietal, occipital lobes and insular cortex. In MCI, the highest atrophy rate was observed in the medial temporal lobe, comparable with AD. AD patients showed even higher atrophy rates in the extramedial temporal lobe. Additionally, atrophy rates in frontal, parietal and occipital lobes were increased. Cox proportional hazard models showed that all regional atrophy rates predicted conversion to AD. Hazard ratios varied between 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-6.2) for occipital atrophy and 15.8 (95% CI = 3.5-71.8) for medial temporal lobe atrophy. In conclusion, atrophy spreads through the brain with development of AD. MCI is marked by temporal lobe atrophy. In AD, atrophy rate in the extramedial temporal lobe was even higher. Moreover, atrophy rates also accelerated in parietal, frontal, insular and occipital lobes. Finally, in nondemented elderly, medial temporal lobe atrophy was most predictive of progression to AD, demonstrating the involvement of this region in the development of AD.
Characterizing Subgroups of Type 1 Diabetes (2014)

The prevailing model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) evolution is based on a now classic 1986 article by the late George Eisenbarth (1). A recent review noted that although the model still holds to a large extent, there are subtleties that suggest it is not as simple as originally proposed (2). The 1997 American Diabetes Association Expert Committee divided T1D into type 1A (immune mediated) and type 1B (idiopathic) (3), although this classification is not commonly used. Earlier, in 1977, Irvine (4) divided the disease into three subtypes: severe autoimmune/nonviral, moderate autoimmune/moderate viral, and severe viral/nonautoimmune. The severe viral subgroup appears to be rare and may have an explosive onset with a fatal outcome (5,6). The Japan Diabetes Society divides T1D into three categories depending on the manner of onset and progression—namely fulminant, acute-onset, or slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPID) (7). It is likely that the severe viral subgroup noted by Irvine and the Japanese fulminant subgroup are the same.

It is clear that the rate of decline of β-cell function differs by age (8). It also has been noted that incidence rates of T1D have been increasing, particularly in children under the age of 5 years (9,10). Thus, the progressive linear decline originally outlined by Eisenbarth (1) cannot be simply applied. If nothing else, the T1D disease process evolves at different rates. The number of …