gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroanatomical mapping–guided stereotactic radiotherapy for right ventricular tachycardia storm (2019)

Key Teaching Points•Fast and irregular ventricular tachycardia with hemodynamic compromise could occur in a structurally normal heart.•Use of noninvasive ablation with radiotherapy on the right ventricular (RV) free wall is novel.•Ablation of the RV free wall using radiotherapy is safe and effective in the short term.•Stereotactic body radiotherapy could carry the risk of thromboembolism; hence anticoagulation needs to be considered. •Fast and irregular ventricular tachycardia with hemodynamic compromise could occur in a structurally normal heart.•Use of noninvasive ablation with radiotherapy on the right ventricular (RV) free wall is novel.•Ablation of the RV free wall using radiotherapy is safe and effective in the short term.•Stereotactic body radiotherapy could carry the risk of thromboembolism; hence anticoagulation needs to be considered.
Multigrain parallel processing on OSCAR CMP (2004)

It seems that instruction level parallelism (ILP) approach, which has been used by various superscalar processors and VLIW processors for a long time, reaches its limitation of performance improvement. To obtain scalable performance improvement, cost effectiveness and high productivity even in the era of one billion transistors, the cooperative work between software and hardware is getting increasingly important. For this reason, the authors have developed OSCAR (Optimally SCheduled Advanced multiprocessoR) Chip Multiprocessor (OSCAR CMP) and OSCAR multigrain compiler simultaneously. To preserve the scalability in the future, OSCAR CMP has mechanisms for efficient use of parallelism and data locality, and for hiding data transfer overhead. These mechanisms can be fully controlled by the OSCAR multigrain compiler. In this paper, the authors focus on multigrain parallel processing on OSCAR CMP, which enables us to exploit loop iteration level parallelism and coarse grain task parallelism in addition to ILP from the entire of a program. Performance of multigrain parallel processing on OSCAR CMP architecture is evaluated using SPEC fp 2000/95 benchmark suite. When microSPARC like single issue core is used, OSCAR CMP gives us from 1.77 to 3.96 times speedup for four processors against single processor. In addition, OSCAR CMP is compared with Sun UltraSPARC II like processor to evaluate cost effectiveness. As a result, OSCAR CMP gives us 1.66 times better performance on the average under the condition that OSCAR CMP and UltraSPARC II are built from almost same number of transistors.
Low-Load Space Conditioning Needs Assessment (2015)

With limited low-load options in the HVAC market, many new-construction housing units are being fitted with oversized equipment - thus facing penalties in system efficiency, comfort, and cost. To bridge the gap between currently available HVAC equipment and the rising demand for low-load HVAC equipment in the marketplace, HVAC equipment manufacturers need to be fully aware of multifamily buildings and single-family homes market needs. Over the past decade, Steven Winter Associates, Inc. (SWA) has provided certification and consulting services on hundreds of housing projects and has accrued a large pool of data. CARB compiled and analyzed these data to see what the thermal load ranges are in various multifamily apartments and attached single-family home types (duplex and townhouse). In total, design loads from 941 dwellings from SWA's recent multifamily and attached single-family work across the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic were analyzed. Information on the dwelling characteristics, design loads, and the specifications of installed mechanical equipment were analyzed to determine any trends that exist within the dataset.
Use of a Yeast TRNase Killer Toxin to Diagnose Kti12 Motifs Required for TRNA Modification by Elongator (2017)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are killed by zymocin, a tRNase ribotoxin complex from Kluyveromyces lactis, which cleaves anticodons and inhibits protein synthesis. Zymocin&amp;rsquo;s action requires specific chemical modification of uridine bases in the anticodon wobble position (U34) by the Elongator complex (Elp1-Elp6). Hence, loss of anticodon modification in mutants lacking Elongator or related KTI (K. lactis Toxin Insensitive) genes protects against tRNA cleavage and confers resistance to the toxin. Here, we show that zymocin can be used as a tool to genetically analyse KTI12, a gene previously shown to code for an Elongator partner protein. From a kti12 mutant pool of zymocin survivors, we identify motifs in Kti12 that are functionally directly coupled to Elongator activity. In addition, shared requirement of U34 modifications for nonsense and missense tRNA suppression (SUP4; SOE1) strongly suggests that Kti12 and Elongator cooperate to assure proper tRNA functioning. We show that the Kti12 motifs are conserved in plant ortholog DRL1/ELO4 from Arabidopsis thaliana and seem to be involved in binding of cofactors (e.g. nucleotides, calmodulin). Elongator interaction defects triggered by mutations in these motifs correlate with phenotypes typical for loss of U34 modification. Thus, tRNA modification by Elongator appears to require physical contact with Kti12, and our preliminary data suggest that metabolic signals may affect proper communication between them.
Correlations between the right ventricular passive elasticity and organ function in adult ovine (2020)

Right ventricle failure (RVF) contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality in pulmonary hypertension (PH). The mechanical behavior of the RV is considered fundamental to its physiological function; however, the link between RV tissue biomechanics and organ function remains a key knowledge gap. We hypothesize that the RV passive elasticity is correlated with its in vivo function. In this study, we examined the relationships between the tissue mechanics and physiological function of the RV in healthy and PH sheep using a revised ovine model of pulmonary artery constriction. In vivo RV function was examined by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurement, and the RV passive elasticity was measured by ex vivo equibiaxial mechanical tests. We observed that the RV longitudinal stiffness was significantly increased and thus the anisotropic property was altered in PH sheep. This elasticity was significantly correlated with the long axis end-diastolic or end-systolic diameter/area. We further observed that in the outflow tract (longitudinal) direction, there were trends of correlations between the low-strain elastic modulus (EM) and the acceleration time, as well as between the high-strain EM and the deceleration time. These findings strongly indicate the critical role of RV passive mechanical properties in the organ function.
448 Analysis of Bipolar Re-Referencing on Spectral Composition and Spike Detection in Human Electrocorticography (2023)

INTRODUCTION: Electrocorticography (ECoG) enables the localization of epileptic seizure foci prior to surgical resection. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio is paramount, and can be accomplished with bipolar re-referencing. METHODS: Intracranial recordings for drug-resistant epilepsy were performed at UCSF using high-density ECoG grid (4 mm inter-electrode pitch), strip (10 mm), and penetrating depth (5 mm) electrodes. Raw voltages for each participant (n = 11) were systematically re-referenced (bipolar subtraction) at increasing scales (4 mm-50 mm) and a multi-taper power spectrum (2-200 Hz) was generated around spike-free baseline windows. Cluster based permutation tests (p &lt; 0.05) were used to compare spectral composition features after z-scoring log power features by frequency and binning by bipolar distance. High-density and low-density (4mm vs 8mm) re-referencing schemes were used for spike localization by applying a line length transform to highlight epileptiform features in peri-spike windows and comparing to baseline windows using cluster-based permutation tests. RESULTS: Bipolar pair distances &lt;10 mm decreased low-frequency (&lt;30 Hz) power, whereas both low and high frequency (30-200 Hz) power increased by longer bipolar distances. These findings were consistent across different components (grids, strips, depths). The detection of high gamma (50-200 Hz) neural activity in the STG related to an audio stimulus was enhanced at bipolar distances of &lt;45 mm but attenuated at higher distances. Similar spike detection (duration and number of channels involved) was seen between high- vs. low-density bipolar re-referencing. CONCLUSIONS: Re-referencing at &lt;10 mm bipolar distance preferentially attenuated low-frequency signal while standard clinical and larger distances systematically augmented broadband (2-200 Hz) signals. Shorter distances, especially high-density, augmented spatial delineation of neural activity when compared to more widely spaced arrays, however, standard clinical arrays capture the general spatio-temporal extent of spike waveforms.
Data and Decision Level Fusion of Temporal Informationfor Automatic Target Recognition (2000)

Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) is a demanding application that requires separation of targets from a noisy background in a sequence of images. In our previous work [5] the background was adaptively described using twodimensional filters designed by Principle Component Analysis on sampled two-dimensional image patches. Significant improvements in performance have been obtained by decision level fusion over time. In this paper we extend this idea and utilise the temporal nature of the data further to design a set of three-dimensional texture filters based on randomly sampled threedimensional image patches . We show that by virtue of data level fusion, using these new filters the true-positive rate can be increased further whilst reducing the number of false-positives.
Towards autonomic computing: service discovery and web hotspot rescue (2006)

Autonomic computing is a vision that addresses the growing complexity of computing systems by enabling them to manage themselves without direct human intervention. This thesis studies two related problems, service discovery and web hotspot rescue, which can serve as a building block and a prototype for autonomic networking and distributed systems, respectively. 
Service discovery allows end systems to discover desired services on networks automatically, eliminating administrative configuration. We made four enhancements to the Service Location Protocol (SLP): mesh enhancement, remote service discovery, preference filters, and global attributes. These enhancements improve SLP efficiency and scalability, and enable SLP to better support new and advanced discovery scenarios. The SLP mesh enhancement (mSLP), remote service discovery, and preference filters are now experimental RFCs (Request for Comments). We expect that similar techniques can be applied to other service discovery systems. 
During the development of mSLP, we designed selective anti-entropy, a generic mechanism for high availability partial replication. Traditional anti-entropy only supports full replication. We enhanced it to support partial replication by allowing two replicas to selectively reconcile inconsistent data in a session. 
Web hotspots are short-term dramatic load spikes. We developed DotSlash, a self-configuring and scalable rescue system for handling web hotspots effectively. DotSlash works autonomously. It uses service discovery to allocate resources dynamically from a server pool distributed globally, and uses adaptive overload control to automate the whole rescue process. As a comprehensive solution, DotSlash enables a web site to build an adaptive distributed web server system on the fly, replicate application programs dynamically, and set up distributed query result caching on demand. DotSlash relieves a spectrum of bottlenecks ranging from access network bandwidth to web servers, application servers, and database servers. 
As part of DotSlash, we developed a prediction algorithm for estimating the upper bound of future web traffic volume, which is simple and effective for short-term bursty web traffic. This algorithm provides insight into characterizing traffic of web hotspots, and is useful for web server overload prevention.
Unprecedented Ultralow Detection Limit of Amines using a Thiadiazole-Functionalized Zr(IV)-Based Metal–Organic Framework (2019)

A luminescent Zr(IV)-based metal-organic framework (MOF), with the underlying fcu topology, encompassing a π-conjugated organic ligand with a thiadiazole functionality, exhibits an unprecedented low detection limit of 66 nM for amines in aqueous solution. Markedly, this ultralow detection is driven by hydrogen-bonding interactions between the linker and the hosted amines. This observation is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which clearly corroborate the suppression of the twisting motion of thiadiazole core in the presence of amine, reducing significantly the nonradiative recombination pathways and subsequently enhancing the emission intensity. Credibly, nicotine regarded as a harmful chemical and bearing an amine pending group is also detected with high sensitivity, positioning this MOF as a potential sensor for practical environmental applications. This finding serves also as a benchmark to understand the sensing mechanism in MOFs.
Theory-Inspired Path-Regularized Differential Network Architecture Search (2020)

Despite its high search efficiency, differential architecture search (DARTS) often selects network architectures with dominated skip connections which lead to performance degradation. However, theoretical understandings on this issue remain absent, hindering the development of more advanced methods in a principled way. In this work, we solve this problem by theoretically analyzing the effects of various types of operations, e.g. convolution, skip connection and zero operation, to the network optimization. We prove that the architectures with more skip connections can converge faster than the other candidates, and thus are selected by DARTS. This result, for the first time, theoretically and explicitly reveals the impact of skip connections to fast network optimization and its competitive advantage over other types of operations in DARTS. Then we propose a theory-inspired path-regularized DARTS that consists of two key modules: (i) a differential group-structured sparse binary gate introduced for each operation to avoid unfair competition among operations, and (ii) a path-depth-wise regularization used to incite search exploration for deep architectures that often converge slower than shallow ones as shown in our theory and are not well explored during the search. Experimental results on image classification tasks validate its advantages.
Enhanced Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Anthracene on Cyclodextrin-Treated Filter Paper (1987)

This study investigates the enhancement of room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) for anthracene when the compound is adsorbed on cyclodextrin (CD)-treated filter paper. The results show that β-CD treatment induces a significant increase in anthracene RTP emission, which is normally extremely weak. The α-CD does not produce any strong RTP enhancement, while γ-CD produces relatively lower enhancement than does β-CD. The CD treatment procedure is very simple and improves the analytical usefulness of the RTP method. The binding constants of anthracene to cyclodextrin were measured with the use of thin-layer chromatographic retention values. Anthracene has a higher binding constant with β-CD than with γ-CD, in agreement with the RTP enhancement results.
I feel your pain: Emotional closeness modulates neural responses to empathically experienced rejection (2011)

Empathy is generally thought of as the ability to share the emotional experiences of others. In scientific terms, this is usually operationalized as an ability to vicariously feel others' mental and emotional experiences. Supporting this account, research demonstrates that watching others experience physical pain activates similar brain regions to the actual experience of pain itself. First-hand experience of social rejection also activates this network. The current work extends these findings by examining whether the "pain" network is similarly implicated in witnessing rejection, and whether emotional closeness modulates this response. We provide evidence for each of these suppositions, demonstrating: (a) that the pain network is activated when watching a friend suffer social rejection, and (b) that interpersonal closeness with that friend modulates this response. Further, we found that the inferior frontal gyrus, critical for representing others' mental and emotional states, mediates the relationship between emotional closeness and neural responses to watching the rejection of a friend.
Inverse scattering theory for optical waveguides and devices: Synthesis from rational and nonrational reflection coefficients (1996)

Electromagnetic inverse scattering theory is applied to the synthesis of optical waveguides and devices from specified reflection and transmission characteristics. The permittivity profiles in the inhomogeneous core regions of the devices are reconstructed from their transverse reflection coefficients. Two applications of this theory are demonstrated with examples using specified reflection coefficients: design of a single‐mode inhomogeneous optical waveguide and design of an optical logic gate. The previous inverse scattering theory which used reflection coefficients that are rational functions of the transverse wavenumber has been supplemented with an inverse scattering theory that uses nonrational reflection coefficients. This inverse scattering theory uses an iterative discretized space‐time finite‐difference method with the “leapfrog” algorithm. The initial values for the iterative method are obtained from the inverse theory that uses rational function reflection coefficients. The inverse scattering calculations have been verified by finite‐difference frequency domain direct scattering techniques.
Structure Characterization and Properties of Metal–Surfactant Complexes Dispersed in Organic Solvents (2015)

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of metal-surfactant complexes. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate and dodecylbenzenesulfonate are associated with multivalent aluminum, iron, and vanadium ions using an ion exchange reaction. The metal complexes are dispersible in various organic solvents. In solvents with low polarity, the complexes form "inverse" macromolecular structures with multiple metal ions. In contrast, in alcohols, the complex size is reduced, showing a more disperse conformation. The metal and surfactant ions are still strongly bonded to each other in all the solvents probed. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS) are used to characterize the structures. Simultaneous fitting of neutron and X-ray scattering spectra is performed in order to obtain an accurate description of the system. Scattering results are also validated by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The conductive and electrochemical properties of the complexes in solution are also evaluated. The dispersion of metal-organic complexes significantly increases electric conductivity, and some metal ions in the core of the complexes are shown to be electrochemically active in apolar solvents.
How Molecular Evolution Technologies can Provide Bespoke Industrial Enzymes: Application to Biofuels (2013)

Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose is one of the major bottlenecks in the development of biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels. One of the most efficient organisms for the production of cellulolytic enzymes is the fungus Trichoderma reesei, mainly thanks to its high secretion capacity. The conversion of cellulose to glucose involves three types of cellulases working in synergy: endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4) randomly cleave 13-1,4 glycosidic linkages of cellulose, cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91) attack cellulose chain ends to produce cellobiose dimers which are converted into glucose by the 13-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1 21). Unexpectedly, the amount of l3-glucosidase (BGLI) from <i>T. reesei<i/> hyperproducing strains represents a very low percentage of the total secreted proteins. A suboptimal content of this enzyme limits the performance of commercial cellulase preparations as cellobiose represents the main inhibitor of the cellulolysis reaction by cellobiohydrolases. This bottleneck can be alleviated either by overexpressing the f3-glucosidase in <i>T. reesei<i/> or optimized its specific activity. After giving a brief overview of the main available technologies, this example will be used to illustrate the potential of directed evolution technologies to devolop enzymes tailored to fit industrial needs. We describe the L-Shuffiing<sup>TM<sup/> strategy implemented with three parental genes originating from microbial biodiversity leading to identification of an efficient 13-glucosidase showing a 242 fold increase in specific activity for the pNPGIc substrate compared to WT (Wild Type) Cel3a beta-glucosidase of <i>T. reesei<i/>. After expression of the best improved 13-glucosidase in <i>T. reesei<i/> and secretion of a new enzymatic cocktail, improvement of the glucosidase activity allows a 4-fold decrease of cellulase loading for the saccharification of an industrial pretreated biomass compared to the parental cocktail.
In-Line Dimensional Metrology for Nanomanufacturing Systems (2016)

One of the major challenges in nanoscale manufacturing is defect control because it is difficult to measure nanoscale features in-line with the manufacturing process. Optical inspection typically is not an option at the nanoscale level due to the diffraction limit of light, and without inspection high scrap rates can occur. Therefore, this paper presents an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based inspection system that can be rapidly implemented in-line with other nanomanufacturing processes. Atomic force microscopy is capable of producing very high resolution (sub-nm-scale) surface topology measurements and is widely utilized in scientific and industrial applications, but has not been implemented in-line with manufacturing systems, primarily because of the large setup time typically required to take an AFM measurement. In order to overcome this limitation, we have developed a single-chip-AFM-based inspection system where a wafer can be precisely and repeatably loaded into the setup and measurements can be taken in under 60 seconds. This inspection system consists of several single-chip AFMs integrated into a positioning stage to make measurements at multiple spots on a wafer at the same time. Each single-chip AFM is a MEMS device that is approximately 2 mm wide by 1 mm tall and is capable of scanning a 10 micron by 10 micron area. Thermal actuators in the MEMS device are used to do the scanning in both the x and y directions as well as to excite the z axis of the AFM so that it can be run in taping mode. Each AFM is attached to a flexure stage in the top plate of the inspection system so that the AFM can be precisely moved to the desired inspection location on the wafer. The flexure plate is coupled to the inspection plate using a kinematic coupling so that the flexure plate can be precisely located with respect to the inspection plate after each loading operation. In order to take a measurement, the flexure plate is removed from the inspection plate, a wafer is loaded into the inspection plate using an exactly constrained, passive alignment system, and the flexure plate is then placed back onto the inspection plate. This brings the AFMs back into contact with the surface that is to be measured and the AFMs can then start taking measurements without any additional alignment operations. The overall measurement procedure takes less than one minute, which is faster than most nanomanufacturing processes. This guarantees that the inspection step will not be the bottleneck in the manufacturing process.