gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High power novel heterojunction JFETs (HJFETs) grown by MOCVD (2002)

The authors report the power performance of a novel InP junction field-effect transistor (JFET) with a p/sup +/-GaInAs heterostructure gate (HJFET). The HJFET structure was grown by non-hydride metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at atmospheric pressure and at a substrate temperature of 560/spl deg/C using tertiarybutylphosphine, tertiarybutylarsine as the alternative sources for phosphine and arsine, respectively. p/sup +/ GaInAs was used as the gate material, and n InP as the channel. It is shown that both epitaxial layer design, and device geometry play an important role in device performance. HJFETs with superior performance, an easier fabrication process, and scalability to sub-micron gate lengths compared to homojunction JFETs have been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficacy of Bone Stimulators in Large-Animal Models and Humans may be Limited by Weak Electric Fields Reaching Fracture (2022)

<title>Abstract</title> Noninvasive electronic bone growth stimulators (EBGS) have been in clinical use for decades. However, systematic reviews show inconsistent and limited clinical efficacy. Further, noninvasive EBGS studies in small animals, where the stimulation electrode is closer to the fracture site, have shown promising efficacy, which has not translated to large animals or humans. We propose that this is due to the weaker electric fields reaching the fracture site when scaling from small animals to large animals and humans. To address this gap, we measured the electric field strength reaching the bone during noninvasive EBGS therapy in human and sheep cadaver legs and in validated finite element method (FEM) models of human and sheep legs. During application of 1,100 V/m with an external EBGS, only 21 V/m reached the fracture site in humans. Substantially weaker electric fields reached the fracture site during the later stages of healing and at increased bone depths. To augment the electric field strength reaching the fracture site during noninvasive EBGS therapy, we introduced the Injectrode, an injectable electrode that spans the distance between the bone and subcutaneous tissue. Our study lays the groundwork to improve the efficacy of noninvasive EBGSs by increasing the electric field strength reaching the fracture site.Shared last authors are Dingle and Ludwig
Kinetic study of the HIV−1 DNA 3′‐end processing (2006)

The 3'-processing of viral DNA extremities is the first step in the integration process catalysed by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 integrase (IN). This reaction is relatively inefficient and processed DNAs are usually detected in vitro under conditions of excess enzyme. Despite such experimental conditions, steady-state Michaelis-Menten formalism is often applied to calculate characteristic equilibrium/kinetic constants of IN. We found that the amount of processed product was not significantly affected under conditions of excess DNA substrate, indicating that IN has a limited turnover for DNA cleavage. Therefore, IN works principally in a single-turnover mode and is intrinsically very slow (single-turnover rate constant = 0.004 min(-1)), suggesting that IN activity is mainly limited at the chemistry step or at a stage that precedes chemistry. Moreover, fluorescence experiments showed that IN-DNA product complexes were very stable over the time-course of the reaction. Binding isotherms of IN to DNA substrate and product also indicate tight binding of IN to the reaction product. Therefore, the slow cleavage rate and limited product release prevent or greatly reduce subsequent turnover. Nevertheless, the time-course of product formation approximates to a straight line for 90 min (apparent initial velocity), but we show that this linear phase is due to the slow single-turnover rate constant and does not indicate steady-state multiple turnover. Finally, our data ruled out the possibility that there were large amounts of inactive proteins or dead-end complexes in the assay. Most of complexes initially formed were active although dramatically slow.
Biophotoelectrochemical process co-driven by dead microalgae and live bacteria (2023)

Anaerobic reduction processes in natural waters can be promoted by dead microalgae that have been attributed to nutrient substances provided by the decomposition of dead microalgae for other microorganisms. However, previous reports have not considered that dead microalgae may also serve as photosensitizers to drive microbial reduction processes. Here we demonstrate a photoelectric synergistic linkage between dead microalgae and bacteria capable of extracellular electron transfer (EET). Illumination of dead Raphidocelis subcapitata resulted in two-fold increase in the rate of anaerobic bioreduction by pure Geobacter sulfurreducens, suggesting that photoelectrons generated from the illuminated dead microalgae were transferred to the EET-capable microorganisms. Similar phenomena were observed in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction driven by irradiated dead Chlorella vulgaris and living Shewanella oneidensis, and Cr(VI) reduction driven by irradiated dead Raphidocelis subcapitata and living Bacillus subtilis. Enhancement of bioreduction was also seen when the killed microalgae were illuminated in mixed-culture lake water, suggesting that EET-capable bacteria were naturally present and this phenomenon is common in post-bloom systems. The intracellular ferredoxin-NADP<sup>+</sup>-reductase is inactivated in the dead microalgae, allowing the production and extracellular transfer of photoelectrons. The use of mutant strains confirmed that the electron transport pathway requires multiheme cytochromes. Taken together, these results suggest a heretofore overlooked biophotoelectrochemical process jointly mediated by illumination of dead microalgae and live EET-capable bacteria in natural ecosystems, which may add an important component in the energetics of bioreduction phenomena particularly in microalgae-enriched environments.
Identification of Circulating Proteins Associated With Blood Pressure Using Mendelian Randomization (2020)

We identified novel biomarkers associated with blood pressure using MR. These markers could prove useful for risk assessment and as potential therapeutic targets.
Design and anti-HIV-1 activity of ribozymes that cleave HIV-1 LTR. (1995)

A hairpin ribozyme (HR112) and two hammerhead ribozymes (RZ115 and RZ119) containing a 5'C(UUCG)G3' loop were designed to cleave the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1. When the ribozyme catalyzed RNA cleavage reaction for a chemically synthesized 19 mer (LTR 19) was measured, the t 1/2 value of LTR 19 mediated by RZ115 was smaller than that of the RZ119 case. Moreover, the transformed CEM cells harboring the gene encoding these ribozymes were challenged with a HIV-1IIIB strain, two ribozymes, HR112 and RZ119 possessed strong anti-HIV-1 activity. However, the anti-HIV-1 activity displayed by RZ115 was weak. On the basis of secondary structure predictions of the RNA transcribed with the gene encoding ribozymes, the secondary structure of the transcribed RNA with RZ115 sequences was observed to be different from those with the other ribozymes. It has been demonstrated that the secondary structures of transcribed RNAs can possibly influence the anti-HIV-1 activity.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Neurogranin in Parkinsonian Disorders (2019)

CSF neurogranin is decreased in parkinsonian disorders compared to controls, emphasizing the importance of synaptic dysfunction in these disorders. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Interfacial Electron Beam Lithography: Chemical Monolayer Nanopatterning <i>via</i> Electron-Beam-Induced Interfacial Solid-Phase Oxidation (2018)

Chemical nanopatterning—the deliberate nanoscale modification of the chemical nature of a solid surface—is conveniently realized using organic monolayer coatings to impart well-defined chemical functionalities to selected surface regions of the coated solid. Most monolayer patterning methods, however, exploit destructive processes that introduce topographic as well as other undesired structural and chemical transformations along with the desired surface chemical modification. In particular in electron beam lithography (EBL), organic monolayers have been used mainly as ultrathin resists capable of improving the resolution of patterning via local deposition or removal of material. On the basis of the recent discovery of a class of radiation-induced interfacial chemical transformations confined to the contact surface between two solids, we have advanced a direct, nondestructive EBL approach to chemical nanopatterning—interfacial electron beam lithography (IEBL)—demonstrated here by the e-beam-induced local oxidation of the −CH3 surface moieties of a highly ordered self-assembled n-alkylsilane monolayer to −COOH while fully preserving the monolayer structural integrity and molecular organization. In this conceptually different EBL process, the traditional resist is replaced by a thin film coating that acts as a site-activated reagent/catalyst in the chemical modification of the coated surface, here the top surface of the to-be-patterned monolayer. Structural and chemical transformations induced in the thin film coating and the underlying monolayer upon exposure to the electron beam were elucidated using a semiquantitative surface characterization methodology that combines multimode AFM imaging with postpatterning surface chemical modifications and quantitative micro-FTIR measurements. IEBL offers attractive opportunities in chemical nanopatterning, for example, by enabling the application of the advanced EBL technology to the straightforward nanoscale functionalization of the simplest commonly used organosilane monolayers.
Synthesis of new functional acenaphthylene derivatives. 2. Regioselective electrophilic substitution of silylated acenaphthenes and acenaphthylenes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of new functional acenaphthylene derivatives. 2. Regioselective electrophilic substitution of silylated acenaphthenes and acenaphthylenesGuy Felix, Michel Laguerre, Jacques Dunogues, and Raymond CalasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 8, 1423–1427Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00347a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00347a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views778Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BCL-2 Inhibitor Venetoclax Induces Autophagy-Associated Cell Death, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2020)

The present study explores the molecular mechanisms of VCX-mediated inhibitory effects on the growth and proliferation of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells through the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. The study also explores the role of BCL-2 as a novel targeted therapy for breast cancer.
Analytic criterion for soliton instability in a nonlinear fiber array (1995)

The stability problem for the so-called continuous-discrete solitons in a nonlinear fiber array is examined. We prove that the ground states are unstable if the first derivative of the ``energy'' integral P=${\mathit{tsum}}_{\mathit{n}}$F\ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}}_{\mathit{n}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{2}$dt with respect to the soliton parameter ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}$ is negative.
Ciguatera Toxins: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Detection (2014)

Ciguatera is the most Significant form of fish toxicoses in terms of the number and severity of poisoning episodes. The increased harvesting of tropical marine resources together with an increase in incidence has meant that fish consumption is associated with an increasing incidence of human intoxication, making ciguatera the most common nonbacterial seafood poisoning and a Significant health concern globally. Environmental degradation may play a role in the increased incidence of ciguatera, though the precise factors involved remain to be elucidated. Ciguatera differs from tetrodotoxin intoxication, one of the most lethal seafood toxins associated with the consumption of most puffer fish species. Ciguatera is becoming an increasingly global health concern with climate change and associated predicted increases in ocean temperatures causing a rise in the incidence of ciguatera. Epidemiological characterization of ciguatera has been limited by the lack of laboratory tests to conrm the presence of ciguatoxins, leaving diagnosis purely symptomatic based on detailed anamnesis.
An Ebola virus vaccine that leverages helper T cells induced by prior BCG immunization (2020)

Abstract Protective antibody responses against the Ebola virus (EBOV) are dependent on the quality of CD4+ helper T (Th) cells. We propose that BCG specific Th cells may provide a source of Th cells that can be recruited to drive antibody responses against EBOV, given that the majority of individuals residing in EBOV endemic regions have been previously vaccinated with BCG. To take advantage of pre-existing BCG Th cells, a vaccine was developed that consists of the EBOV GP fused to the mycobacteria Th cell epitope (P25) of Ag85B (P25-EBOV GP). Presentation of the P25 epitope by B cells recruited cognate interactions with P25 Th cells to promote antibody responses against the EBOV GP. Experiments in mice showed BCG priming induced a broad range of Th cells including Th1, Th2, and Tfh subsets. These P25 Th subsets provided a significant dose sparing effect on the P25-EBOV GP vaccine in the induction of EBOV GP antibodies and resulted in increased titers of high affinity neutralizing IgG1 antibodies. The induction of IgG2c antibodies only occurred in BCG primed mice, where BCG vaccination is known to be a strong inducer of Th1 responses that drive class-switching to IgG2c. Microscopy of sections from secondary lymphoid organs of BCG primed mice showed that the majority of P25 Th cells remained in extrafollicular regions outside germinal centers and were most responsible for the induction of the IgG2c class-switched antibodies that were weakly neutralizing but capable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC). BCG priming followed by vaccination with P25-EBOV GP protected mice against lethal EBOV infection, thus suggesting a potentially useful strategy for vaccination against EBOV in populations with high prevalence of previous BCG vaccination.
Femtosecond TALIF Imaging of Atomic Hydrogen in Pulsed, Non-Equilibrium Plasmas (2014)

In recent decades significant interest has been paid to investigate the applications of non-equilibrium plasma discharges to a variety of practical combustion related applications. However in order to develop a more fundamental understanding of such phenomena, additional insight into important kinetic processes is of great importance. A two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) technique is developed utilizing wide-bandwidth, short-time duration, femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. Due to its increased bandwidth and short pulse duration, fs-TALIF has reduced impact from photo-dissociation and increased signal compared to traditional nanosecond TALIF schemes. This fs-TALIF technique is used to image key atomic species within nanosecond pulsed, non-equilibrium discharges at moderate pressures. These two dimensional results provides both spatial and temporal information that can be used in more predictive plasma kinetics models. 1 Research Engineer, Spectral Energies, LLC., 5100 Springfield St, Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431, AIAA Member 2 Senior Research Scientist, Spectral Energies, LLC., 5100 Springfield St, Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431, AIAA Associate Fellow 3 Senior Research Scientist & CEO, Spectral Energies, LLC., 5100 Springfield St, Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431, AIAA Associate Fellow 4 Research Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, AIAA Member 5 Professor, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, AIAA Associate Fellow 6 Principal Research Chemist, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, OH 45433, AIAA Associate Fellow
Assessment of the Effects of Student Response Systems on Student Learning and Attitudes over a Broad Range of Biology Courses (2007)

With the advent of wireless technology, new tools are available that are intended to enhance students' learning and attitudes. To assess the effectiveness of wireless student response systems in the biology curriculum at New Mexico State University, a combined study of student attitudes and performance was undertaken. A survey of students in six biology courses showed that strong majorities of students had favorable overall impressions of the use of student response systems and also thought that the technology improved their interest in the course, attendance, and understanding of course content. Students in lower-division courses had more strongly positive overall impressions than did students in upper-division courses. To assess the effects of the response systems on student learning, the number of in-class questions was varied within each course throughout the semester. Students' performance was compared on exam questions derived from lectures with low, medium, or high numbers of in-class questions. Increased use of the response systems in lecture had a positive influence on students' performance on exam questions across all six biology courses. Students not only have favorable opinions about the use of student response systems, increased use of these systems increases student learning.
Depletion of LONP2 unmasks differential requirements for peroxisomal function between cell types and in cholesterol metabolism (2023)

Abstract Peroxisomes play a central role in tuning metabolic and signaling programs in a tissue- and cell type-specific manner. However, the mechanisms by which the status of peroxisomes is communicated and integrated into cellular signaling pathways is not yet understood. Herein, we report the cellular responses to acute peroxisomal proteotoxic stress upon silencing the peroxisomal protease/chaperone LONP2. Depletion of LONP2 triggered accumulation of its substrates, alterations in peroxisome size and numbers, and luminal protein import failure. Gene expression changes and lipidomic analysis revealed striking cell specific differences in the response to siLONP2. Specific to COS-7 cells was a strong activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and upregulation of ribosomal biogenesis gene expression levels. Common changes between COS-7 and U2OS cell lines included repression of the retinoic acid signaling pathway, and upregulation of sphingolipids. Cholesterol accumulated in the endomembrane compartments in both cell lines, consistent with evidence that peroxisomes are required for cholesterol flux out of late endosomes. These unexpected consequences of peroxisomal stress provide an important insight for our understanding of the tissue-specific responses seen in peroxisomal disorders.
Automatisierte Quantifizierung der Koronarverkalkung mittels künstlicher Intelligenz in der Herz-CT (2020)

Zielsetzung Die koronare Kalklast wird routinemäßig bei CT-Untersuchungen des Herzens ermittelt. Die Messung des Agatston Scores erfordert in der Regel die manuelle Auswahl von verkalkten Läsionen der Koronararterien. Ziel dieser Studie war es, eine Software basierend auf künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) zu evaluieren, welche ein vollständig automatisiertes CT Calcium Scoring der Koronararterien ermöglicht.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling as a Driver of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression: An Emphasis on Molecular Pathways (2021)

Liver cancers cause a high rate of death worldwide and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered as the most common primary liver cancer. HCC remains a challenging disease to treat. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is considered a tumor-promoting factor in various cancers; hence, the present review focused on the role of Wnt signaling in HCC, and its association with progression and therapy response based on pre-clinical and clinical evidence. The nuclear translocation of β-catenin enhances expression level of genes such as c-Myc and MMPs in increasing cancer progression. The mutation of <i>CTNNB1</i> gene encoding β-catenin and its overexpression can lead to HCC progression. β-catenin signaling enhances cancer stem cell features of HCC and promotes their growth rate. Furthermore, β-catenin prevents apoptosis in HCC cells and increases their migration via triggering EMT and upregulating MMP levels. It is suggested that β-catenin signaling participates in mediating drug resistance and immuno-resistance in HCC. Upstream mediators including ncRNAs can regulate β-catenin signaling in HCC. Anti-cancer agents inhibit β-catenin signaling and mediate its proteasomal degradation in HCC therapy. Furthermore, clinical studies have revealed the role of β-catenin and its gene mutation (<i>CTNBB1</i>) in HCC progression. Based on these subjects, future experiments can focus on developing novel therapeutics targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HCC therapy.
Effect of palm oil on oxidative stress-induced hypertension in sprague-dawley rats (2002)

Losartan attenuates BSO-induced hypertension, which appears to be mediated, in part, by angiotensin II and the prostanoid endothelium-derived factors.
Reactivity of 2-Silyl- and 2-Stannyl-Substituted Phosphirenes (2010)

Two methodologies have been tested for the functionalization of phosphirenes. In the first one, the C−Si bond of a 2-silylphosphirene is activated by a substoichiometric quantity of fluoride ion (TBAF) in THF at −78 °C. Using this technique, it is possible to perform a protodesilylation or a functionalization by benzaldehyde. However, at room temperature with a stoichiometry of fluoride, a nucleophilic attack takes place at P, leading to a ring-opened fluorophosphine. Stille cross-coupling with a 2-stannylphosphirene in the presence of [PdL2] as a catalyst leads to an alkynylphosphine by [1,3] migration of tin from C to P.