gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Multilayer mirrors and filters for soft x-ray spectroscopy of a high-temperature plasma&lt;/title&gt; (1994)

Absolute calibrated multichannel devices based on plane and spherical multilayer mirrors and transparent filters have been used for spectral investigation of high-temperature plasma in a soft X-ray range. Possibility of optimization of the multilayers and filters to obtain maximum values of the channel transmittance and contrast are discussed.
Structures and strain energies of small [n]metacyclophanes (2000)

The structures and strain energies of various derivatives of [5]- and [6]metacyclophanes have been computed by employing the density functional method (ADF). They showed a good agreement with the few available X-ray crystal structures. The structure of 9,12-dichloro[6]metacyclophane was experimentally determined at 200/233 K. Contrary to intuition, the incorporation of sp2-hybridised carbon atoms in the oligomethylene chain was found to have a minor influence only on the structure and strain energy of these compounds. It is concluded that small metacyclophanes with potentially interesting interactions between unsaturated fragments in the bridge and the aromatic ring or between two aromatic rings, e.g. the so far elusive [1.1]metacyclophane, are realistic synthetic targets.
Dual fiber optical trapping in a polymer-based microfluidic chip (2016)

We present a microfluidic chip in Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for optical trapping of particles in an 80μm wide microchannel using two counterpropagating single-mode beams. The trapping fibers are separated from the sample fluid by 70&mu;m thick polymer walls. We calculate the optical forces that act on particles flowing in the microchannel using wave optics in combination with non-sequential ray-tracing and further mathematical processing. We use a novel fabrication process that consists of a premilling step and ultraprecision diamond tooling for the manufacturing of the molds and double-sided hot embossing for replication, resulting in a robust microfluidic chip for optical trapping. In a proof-of-concept demonstration, we show the trapping capabilities of the hot embossed chip by trapping spherical beads with a diameter of 6&mu;m, 8&mu;m and 10&mu;m and use the power spectrum analysis of the trapped particle displacements to characterize the trap strength.
Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Cake Stockpiled in a Naturally Ventilated Shed (2011)

Due to concerns about the negative environmental impacts of ammonia (NH3), the EPA may soon regulate NH3 emissions from livestock operations, including waste piles. This would require knowledge of NH3 emission rates, but there are very few field-scale studies on emission measurement from broiler waste stockpiles. This is the first study in which short-term NH3 fluxes from broiler cake stockpiled in a shed were measured, taking into account both forced and natural convection. Acid scrubbers were used to measure NH3 concentrations, while the integrated horizontal flux (IHF) method and Fick's law of diffusion were used to determine NH3 emissions due to forced and natural convection, respectively. Average daily air temperature and wind speed 0.75 m above the stockpile were 24.9C and 0.65 m s-1 in summer and 8.5C and 1.02 m s-1 in winter. Natural convection accounted for <0.01% of total emission, but not isolating gas concentrations during forced convection conditions generally led to overestimation of emission. In summer (7 d), NH3-N emission factors were 17 g m-2 d-1 (stockpile surface area), 30 g m-3 d-1 (stockpile volume), 1.8 g kg-1 N d-1 (initial cake N content), and 11 g AU-1 d-1 (where AU = 500 kg live weight marketed). During the first 7 d of the winter study, the emission factors were 27 g m-2 d-1, 43 g m-3 d-1, 2.1 g kg-1 N d-1, and 18 g AU-1 d-1, respectively. For the 15 d study, the emission factors changed very little. Higher emissions in winter were due to higher wind speeds, broiler cake total Kjeldahl N (TKN), and pH. While air temperature also affected emissions, stockpile temperatures (not measured) due to microbial activity were probably more important. Care should be taken in extrapolating this study's results to other stockpiles due to differences in stockpile dimensions, chemical properties, and environmental conditions.
Dynamic theory of crystallization in Ge_2Sb_23Te_5 phase-change optical recording media (2000)

We develop a theory of the crystallization dynamics of Ge(2)Sb(2.3)Te(5) thin films that shows good qualitative agreement with experimental reflectivity results from a two-laser static tester. The theory is adapted from the nucleation theory of liquid droplets from supersaturated vapor and elucidates the physics underlying the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation under short-pulse excitation. In particular, the theory provides a physical picture in which crystalline islands, or basic embryos, are thermally activated in the amorphous material and subsequently grow as stable nuclei are formed.
Coherent Population Trapping of Electron Spins in a High-Purity<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-Type GaAs Semiconductor (2005)

In high-purity n-type GaAs under a strong magnetic field, we are able to isolate a lambda system composed of two Zeeman states of neutral-donor-bound electrons and the lowest Zeeman state of bound excitons. When the two-photon detuning of this system is zero, we observe a pronounced dip in the excited-state photoluminescence, indicating the creation of the coherent population-trapped state. Our data are consistent with a steady-state three-level density-matrix model. The observation of coherent population trapping in GaAs indicates that this and similar semiconductor systems could be used for various electromagnetically induced transparency type experiments.
A high performance 2.4 Mb L1 and L2 cache compatible 45nm SRAM with yield improvement capabilities (2008)

A hardware based, fully functional, stable 2.4 Mb L1 and L2 Cache compatible 6T embedded SRAM is demonstrated. Measured results show an operating range of -40degC to 120degC, speed of 6.5 GHz and 3.8 GHz for L1-Cache cells and L2-Cache cells, respectively, at 1 V and 25degC, with high yield. The key features include multi-setting programmable clock block, separate read/write margin circuitry, low noise dynamic decoders, bit select circuitry supported by newly developed fast Monte Carlo technique useful for improved cell stability, writeability, and enhanced yield. A novel Burst Mode feature allows defect analysis at high frequency while using slow tester speeds.
Prostate cancer and other xenografts from cells in peripheral blood of patients. (2000)

Good models for the investigation of human prostate cancer are few. Cells from approximately 9.2-21 ml of peripheral blood from patients with metastatic prostate cancer or metastatic colon cancer were injected s.c. into nude mice. Prostate cancer from 2 of 11 patients and colon cancer from 1 of 3 patients were found to be growing as metastases in the lungs of the nude mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the formation of xenografts from carcinoma cells taken directly from the peripheral blood of patients. Expanding circulating cancer cells with this approach may have important translational applications including: (a) development of models of human cancers; and (b) sampling of cancers from specific patients for novel molecular and therapeutic approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, X‐Ray Crystal Structure, and Antimitotic Properties of 6‐Chloro‐2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′,3′,4′‐trimethoxyphenyl)cyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trien‐1‐one, a Bicyclic Analogue of Colchicine. (1989)

Abstract Starting with the isopropoxycyclohexenone (I), the dichlorobicycloheptenone (XVI) is prepared via addition of dichlorocarbene to the diacetoxycyclohexene (VIII).
Intermediate length scale dynamics of polyisobutylene (2002)

We report on a neutron spin echo investigation of the intermediate scale dynamics of polyisobutylene studying both the self-motion and the collective motion. The momentum transfer (Q) dependences of the self-correlation times are found to follow a Q(-2/beta) law in agreement with the picture of Gaussian dynamics. In the full Q range of observation, their temperature dependence is weaker than the rheological shift factor. The same is true for the stress relaxation time as seen in sound wave absorption. The collective times show both temperature dependences; at the structure factor peak, they follow the temperature dependence of the viscosity, but below the peak, one finds the stress relaxation behavior.
Reconsidering emissions of ammonia from chemical fertilizer usage in Midwest USA (2015)

Abstract We present alternative methods for estimating spatial surrogates and temporal factors for ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from chemical fertilizer usage (CFU), in the USA, at spatial and temporal scales used to simulate regional air quality and deposition of reactive nitrogen to ecosystems. The newly developed Improved Spatial Surrogate (ISS) method incorporates year‐specific fertilizer sales data, high resolution and year‐specific crop maps, and local crop nitrogen demands to allocate NH 3 emissions at 4 km × 4 km grid cells. Results are compared with the commonly used gridded emission estimates by the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) preprocessor. NH 3 emissions over Central Illinois in the USA, estimated at the 4 km × 4 km grid level in SMOKE and ISS methods, exhibit differences between −10% and 120%, with 58% of the grid cells exhibiting more than ±10% difference. Application of the ISS method for a larger domain over the Midwest USA, at 4 km × 4 km, reflected similar differences. We also employed the Denitrification Decomposition (DNDC) model to develop daily temporal factors of NH 3 emissions from CFU using multi‐site and multi‐year analyses. Ratio of temporal factors estimated by SMOKE and DNDC methods is 0.54 ± 2.35, with DNDC identifying daily emission peaks 2.5–8 times greater than SMOKE. Identified emission peaks will be useful for future air quality modeling efforts to understand particulate matter episodes, as well as trends in regional particulate matter formation and nitrogen deposition for Midwest USA, using the proposed NH 3 emissions inventory.
Routine Diagnostic Tests for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Demonstrate a High False-Negative Rate and Are Influenced by the Infecting Organism (2018)

Diagnostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Rescue of Progranulin Deficiency Associated with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration by Alkalizing Reagents and Inhibition of Vacuolar ATPase (2011)

Numerous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin (GRN) gene cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin and TAR-DNA binding protein 43-positive inclusions by reduced production and secretion of GRN. Consistent with the observation that GRN has neurotrophic properties, pharmacological stimulation of GRN production is a promising approach to rescue GRN haploinsufficiency and prevent disease progression. We therefore searched for compounds capable of selectively increasing GRN levels. Here, we demonstrate that four independent and highly selective inhibitors of vacuolar ATPase (bafilomycin A1, concanamycin A, archazolid B, and apicularen A) significantly elevate intracellular and secreted GRN. Furthermore, clinically used alkalizing drugs, including chloroquine, bepridil, and amiodarone, similarly stimulate GRN production. Elevation of GRN levels occurs via a translational mechanism independent of lysosomal degradation, autophagy, or endocytosis. Importantly, alkalizing reagents rescue GRN deficiency in organotypic cortical slice cultures from a mouse model for GRN deficiency and in primary cells derived from human patients with GRN loss-of-function mutations. Thus, alkalizing reagents, specifically those already used in humans for other applications, and vacuolar ATPase inhibitors may be therapeutically used to prevent GRN-dependent neurodegeneration.
ZnO/MnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>Nanoflowers for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes (2020)

A crystalline ZnO/MnOx nanoflower (NF) nanocomposite was deposited on Ni nanocones via an economical synthesis method in which the ZnO NFs were first synthesized, and MnOx was then deposited on the ZnO petals to form a heterostructured composite. The effect of the MnOx coating on the performance of the nanocomposite was analyzed by comparing the performance of supercapacitors employing ZnO and the ZnO/MnOx nanocomposites. The ZnO/MnOx nanocomposites exhibited excellent current rate capability and an excellent capacitance of 556 F·g–1 at a current density of 1 A·g–1. The optimized ZnO/MnOx NF electrode presented a remarkable long-term cycling stability, with a capacitance retention of 96% after 10,000 cycles. In a coin cell assembly, at an operating voltage of 0.9 V, the energy density of the optimized supercapacitor cell was 16 Wh·kg,–1 at a power density of 225 W·kg–1. Becasue of its excellent electrochemical performance, the optimized ZnO/MnOx NF composite electrode is promising for high-energy-density supercapacitor applications.
Transdermal Delivery of Adriamycin to Transplanted Ehrlich Ascites Tumor in Mice (2013)

There is considerable interest in the skin as a site of anti-cancer drug application. Nevertheless, the skin poses a formidable barrier to drug penetration, thereby limiting topical and transdermal bioavailability. However, we previously showed that a thioglycolate-based depilatory agent increases the drug permeability of mouse skin. In the present report, we investigated the skin permeability and efficacy of the anti-cancer drug adriamycin increased when administered transdermally to mice in combination with a thioglycolate-based depilatory agent. Adriamycin in combination with depilatory treatment reduced Ehrlich tumor growth in hairless mice about the weight and size of harvested tumors. In addition, our delivery method for adriamycin increased the therapeutic effectiveness of this agent by decreasing toxicity. Moreover, measurement of adriamycin autofluorescence revealed that topically applied adriamycin penetrate the dermis after depilatory agent treatment. These results indicate that the transdermal delivery of anti-cancer drugs is feasible by handy pretreatment of the skin with a thioglycolate-based depilatory agent.
Third-party cytomegalovirus-specific T cells improved survival in refractory cytomegalovirus viremia after hematopoietic transplant (2023)

BackgroundRefractory CMV viremia and disease are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT).MethodsIn phase I/II trials, we treated 67 subjects for CMV viremia or disease arising after HCT with adoptive transfer of banked, third-party, CMVpp65-sensitized T cells (CMVpp65-VSTs). All were evaluable for toxicity and 59 for response. Evaluable subjects had CMV disease or persisting viremia that had failed at least 2 weeks of induction therapy with a median of 3 antiviral drugs; 84.7% had more than 3 of 11 high-risk features. CMVpp65-VSTs were specific for 1 to 3 CMVpp65 epitopes, presented by a limited set of HLA class I or II alleles, and were selected based on high-resolution HLA matching at 2 of 10 HLA alleles and matching for subject and subject's HCT donor for 1 or more alleles through which the CMVpp65-VSTs were restricted.ResultsT cell infusions were well tolerated. Of 59 subjects evaluable for response, 38 (64%) achieved complete or durable partial responses.ConclusionsRecipients responding to CMVpp65VSTs experienced an improved overall survival. Of the risk factors evaluated, transplant type, recipient CD4+ and CD8+ T cell levels prior to adoptive therapy, and the HLA restriction of CMVpp65-VSTs infused each significantly affected responses. In addition, CMVpp65-specific T cells of HCT donor or recipient origin contributed to the durability of both complete and partial responses.Trial RegistrationNCT00674648; NCT01646645; NCT02136797 (NIH).FundingNIH (P01 CA23766, R21 CA162002 and P30 CA008748); Aubrey Fund; Claire Tow Foundation; Major Family Foundation; "Rick" Eisemann Pediatric Research Fund; Banbury Foundation; Edith Robertson Foundation; Larry Smead Foundation.
ThermalBracelet (2019)

Smartwatches enable the wrist to be used as an ideal location to provide always-available haptic notifications as they are constantly worn with direct contact with the skin. With the wrist straps, the haptic feedback can be extended to the full space around the wrist to provide more spatial and enriched feedback. With ThermalBracelet, we investigate thermal feedback as a haptic feedback modality around the wrist. We present three studies that lead to the development of a smartwatch-integratable thermal bracelet that stimulates six locations around the wrist. Our initial evaluation reports on the selection of the thermal module configurations. Secondly, with the selected six-module configuration, we explore its usability in a real-world scenarios such as walking and reading. Thirdly, we investigate its capability of providing spatio temporal feedback while engaged in distracting tasks. Finally we present application scenarios that demonstrates its usability.
Advances in Development of Coal-Based Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell Systems Utilizing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology (2011)

FuelCell Energy is developing solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems and technology for very efficient, economically viable, coal-to-electricity power plants utilizing synthesis gas (syngas) from a coal gasifier. In addition to the 500 MW (nominal) size Baseline Power Plant system, a small-scale system (&gt;250 kW) for Proof-of-Concept Module test is being developed. SOFC technology development includes cell performance enhancement, stack building block scale-up, stack tower design and validation tests. Development of a 250 kW module accommodating multiple stack towers is included. The Baseline Power Plant system is designed to remove at least 90% of carbon in the syngas, for sequestration as CO2. The Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell power plant is expected to achieve near-zero emissions to the environment. System optimization to achieve &gt;55% electrical efficiency based on coal higher heating value has been carried out. The SOFC power block layout and factory cost estimate have been generated.
Helical heptacoordinate complexes of cobalt derived from 2,2':6',2'':6'',2''':6''',2''''-quinequepyridine derivatives (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHelical heptacoordinate complexes of cobalt derived from 2,2':6',2'':6'',2''':6''',2''''-quinequepyridine derivativesKimberly A. Gheysen, Kevin T. Potts, Helen C. Hurrell, and Hector D. AbrunaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 8, 1589–1592Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00333a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00333a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 in Schwann cells contributes to maintenance of sensory nerve myelination during aging (2019)

Schwann cell (SC)-specific monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) knockout mice were generated by mating MCT1 <sup>f/f</sup> mice with myelin protein zero (P0)-Cre mice. P0-Cre<sup>+/-</sup> , MCT1 <sup>f/f</sup> mice have no detectable early developmental defects, but develop hypomyelination and reduced conduction velocity in sensory, but not motor, peripheral nerves during maturation and aging. Furthermore, reduced mechanical sensitivity is evident in aged P0-Cre<sup>+/-</sup> , MCT1 <sup>f/f</sup> mice. MCT1 deletion in SCs impairs both their glycolytic and mitochondrial functions, leading to altered lipid metabolism of triacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, and sphingomyelin, decreased expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein, and increased expression of c-Jun and p75-neurotrophin receptor, suggesting a regression of SCs to a less mature developmental state. Taken together, our results define the contribution of SC MCT1 to both SC metabolism and peripheral nerve maturation and aging.
Nanoparticle complex fluids (2008)

The work presented in this thesis concerns the study of complex nanofluids. The interaction of particles in dispersions under the influence of electric and magnetic fields has been studied. The main focus has been the investigation of the behavior of carbon particle dispersions. A novel type of carbon material, namely carbon cone (CC) material, has been characterized using atomic force microscope, scanning tunnelling microscope and scanning electron microscope. The CC material is a mixed powder consisting of carbon particles with the shape of disks and cones and a small amount of amorphous carbon particles. The length or diameter of the particles vary between 0.5-5 um with thickness varying between 10-50 nm. The results confirm the 5 cone angles as predicted by theory.\nThe dispersion of CC particles in silicon oil was studied under the influence of an electric field. The particles were found to align in an ac electric field and structure formation was observed at very low fields. The growth rate was found to vary exponentially with the electric field. The structure formations were permanent (at zero shear rate), not dissolving when the electric field was turned of. This was attributed to the strong Van der Waals forces associated with carbon particles. Electrorheological measurements were carried out for dispersions with varying CC particle concentrations. All samples showed a Bingham fluid behavior with a finite yield stress. The yield stress was found to depend only weakly on the electric field. The results showed that the ER efficiency as measured by the relative increase in viscosity compared to the zero field viscosity, increases with decreasing concentration with a maximum factor of approximately 10 for the dispersion with lowest particle concentration. This is relatively low compared to commercial ER fluids and was attributed to the high conductivity of the particles and to the low relaxation frequency as determined by impedance measurements. The structure formations could be used to produce one dimensional conductive paths in i.e composites. Carbon cones were also dispersed in ferrofluid to observe their behaviour in a magnetic field. A small increase in the viscosity was obtained for CC in a ferrofluid and this was attributed to purely hydrodynamic forces. No evidence of CC particle alignment was found. \nThe interaction of non-magnetic spherical particles (magnetic holes) in a ferrofluid was studied and used to develop a microrheological method for measuring the local viscosity of the ferrofuid itself. By using two magnetic holes which oscillate in a rotating magnetic field, the apparent viscosity of the ferrofluid was determined. The advantage of this method is the small sample volume needed.