gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing Human and Automated Essay Scoring for Prospective Graduate Students With Learning Disabilities and/or ADHD (2016)

Automated essay scoring is a developing technology that can provide efficient scoring of large numbers of written responses. Its use in higher education admissions testing provides an opportunity to collect validity and fairness evidence to support current uses and inform its emergence in other areas such as K–12 large-scale assessment. In this study, human and automated scores on essays written by college students with and without learning disabilities and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were compared, using a nationwide (U.S.) sample of prospective graduate students taking the revised Graduate Record Examination. The findings are that, on average, human raters and the automated scoring engine assigned similar essay scores for all groups, despite average differences among groups with respect to essay length and spelling errors.
Biodegradable Adhesive (LYDEX) with Hydroxyapatite Granules (2007)

A new biodegradable adhesive(LYDEX) which is based on Schiff base formation had developed. LYDEX is easy to control the setting time and degradation speed and it has no risk of infection. In the previous study, LYDEX showed high bonding strength and low cytotoxicity in vitro[1]. In the present study, good bone repair was seen in rat bone defect models, especially in rapidly degrading type. On the other hand, slowly degrading type kept its shape longer without excessive inflammation. In rabbit critical defect model with hydroxyapatite granules (HAs), more newly formed bone was seen in rapidly degrading group and hydroxyapatite group, in 3weeks. In 6weeks, more new bone was seen in slowly degrading type group, whereas, almost no new bone was seen in deep area of the fibrin group, in 12weeks. Direct bonding between HAs and bone was seen in HA group and LYDEX groups. These findings suggest that LYDEX with hydroxyapatite granules can be a promising bone substitute.
Regional right ventricular function and timing of contraction in healthy volunteers evaluated by strain‐encoded MRI (2008)

The use of SENC MRI for the assessment of normal RV contraction pattern is feasible and accurate in 3T MRI.
Phase II trial of thalidomide in combination with irinotecan in adults with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (2005)

1524 Background: Rationally designed combination chemotherapy can potentially improve the prognosis of patients with recurrent GBM. In this study, the efficacy of thalidomide and irinotecan against recurrent GBM was tested to assess if synergistic activity of cytotoxic and antiangiogenic agents could affect clinical outcome. Methods: In this ongoing phase II study, patients with recurrent GBM with a KPS≥70 and less than three relapses after radiation therapy and chemotherapies are eligible for entry; the total planned enrollment is 32 patients. Patients are placed on low dose daily warfarin (1 mg) for prevention of thrombosis. Non-enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants are mandated for those needing anti-seizure therapy. Irinotecan is administered at 125 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks rest; thalidomide is initiated at 100 mg daily and escalated weekly up to 400 mg daily. Patients undergo clinical and radiologic evaluations every 6-weeks. The primary endpoint is progression free survival at 6 months (PFS-6). To determine possible radiologic correlates to treatment effects, DCE- MR perfusion-imaging studies are obtained at baseline and subsequent follow-up visits. Results: Of the 26 evaluable patients enrolled to date, 24 have adequate follow up, the majority of whom have failed temozolomide or nitrosourea therapy. Median age is 48 years and median KPS is 90. Five patients are alive and progression free at 6-months whereas 16 have progressed with a median TTP of 14 weeks (95% CI: 11, Not Reached). The PFS-6 is 28% (13%, 60%). The best response was a PR in one patient and stable disease in 15. No treatment related deaths have been noted. There have been 3 deaths among the 26 patients with a 6-month survival by Kaplan Meier analysis being 82% (66%, 100%]). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included fatigue, constipation, diarrhea, leukopenia, and typhilitis requiring dose reductions. Imaging data (DCE-MRI) and their correlation to clinical response will be presented. Conclusions: The results of this ongoing study suggest that the combination of irinotecan and thalidomide has promising activity in patients with recurrent glioblastomas following alkylator therapy and may warrant further assessment in this population Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis, Schering-Plough EMD, Novartis, Pfizer, Schering-Plough Celgene, Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Pfizer Oncology (oringially Pharmacia), Schering-Plough
<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Grown in<i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i>Is Protected from the Effects of Antimicrobials (2000)

Mycobacterium avium is a common cause of systemic bacterial infection in patients with AIDS. Infection with M. avium has been linked to bacterial colonization of domestic water supplies and commonly occurs through the gastrointestinal tract. Acanthamoeba castellanii, a waterborne protozoan, may serve as an environmental host for M. avium. It has been shown that growth of M. avium in amoebae enhances invasion and intracellular replication of the bacteria in human macrophages and intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 as well as in mice. We determined that growth of M. avium within A. castellanii influenced susceptibility to rifabutin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. No significant activity against M. avium was seen with rifabutin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin when used to treat monolayers on both day 1 and day 4 after infection. When tested in a macrophage-like cell line (U937), all compounds showed significant anti-M. avium activity. Growth of M. avium in amoebae appears to reduce the effectiveness of the antimicrobials. These findings may have significant implications for prophylaxis of M. avium infection in AIDS.
The<scp>l</scp>-α-Lysophosphatidylinositol/<i>GPR55</i>System and Its Potential Role in Human Obesity (2011)

GPR55 is a putative cannabinoid receptor, and l-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is its only known endogenous ligand. We investigated 1) whether GPR55 is expressed in fat and liver; 2) the correlation of both GPR55 and LPI with several metabolic parameters; and 3) the actions of LPI on human adipocytes. We analyzed CB1, CB2, and GPR55 gene expression and circulating LPI levels in two independent cohorts of obese and lean subjects, with both normal or impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Ex vivo experiments were used to measure intracellular calcium and lipid accumulation. GPR55 levels were augmented in the adipose tissue of obese subjects and further so in obese patients with type 2 diabetes when compared with nonobese subjects. Visceral adipose tissue GPR55 correlated positively with weight, BMI, and percent fat mass, particularly in women. Hepatic GPR55 gene expression was similar in obese and type 2 diabetic subjects. Circulating LPI levels were increased in obese patients and correlated with fat percentage and BMI in women. LPI increased the expression of lipogenic genes in visceral adipose tissue explants and intracellular calcium in differentiated visceral adipocytes. These findings indicate that the LPI/GPR55 system is positively associated with obesity in humans.
Numerical Investigation of Spinal Cord Injury After Flexion-Distraction Injuries at the Cervical Spine (2021)

Flexion-distraction injuries frequently cause traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Post-traumatic instability can cause aggravation of the secondary SCI during patient care. However, there is little information on how the pattern of disco-ligamentous injury affects the SCI severity and mechanism. This study objective was to analyze how posterior disco-ligamentous injuries affect spinal cord compression and stress and strain patterns in the spinal cord during post-traumatic flexion and extension. A cervical spine finite element model including the spinal cord was used and different combinations of partial or complete intervertebral disc (IVD) rupture and disruption of various posterior ligaments were modeled at C4-C5, C5-C6, or C6-C7. In flexion, complete IVD rupture combined with posterior ligamentous complex rupture was the most severe injury leading to the highest von Mises stress (47-66 kPa), principal strains p1 (0.32-0.41 in white matter) and p3 (-0.78 to -0.96 in white matter) in the spinal cord and the highest spinal cord compression (35-48%). The main post-trauma SCI mechanism was identified as the compression of the anterior white matter at the injured level combined with distraction of the posterior spinal cord during flexion. There was also a concentration of the maximum stresses in the gray matter during post-traumatic flexion. Finally, in extension, the injuries tested had little impact on the spinal cord. The capsular ligament was the most important structure to protect the spinal cord. Its status should be carefully examined during the patient's management.
Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of C 10 H 10 N 2 PbBr 4 and C 10 H 22 N 2 PbBr 4 (2002)

Novel organic-inorganic hybrid compounds, C 10 H 10 N 2 PbBr 4 and C 10 H 22 N 2 PbBr 4 were prepared and characterized by X-ray and optical measurements. The result of single crystal X-ray analysis showed that the inorganic region of C 10 H 10 N 2 PbBr 4 consisted of one-dimensional chains of line-sharing PbBr 6 octahedra, whereas that of C 10 H 22 N 2 PbBr 4 consisted of two-dimensional sheets of corner-sharing PbBr 6 octahedra. Each crystal exhibited an excitonic band at 307 nm for C 10 H 10 N 2 PbBr 4 and 383 nm for C 10 H 22 N 2 PbBr 4 , which is attributed to the excitonic states of low-dimensional inorganic structures. These results indicate that the dimensional structure of these compounds can be systematically controlled by changing the chemical structure of organic ligands.
Feasibility of In Situ Redox Manipulation of Subsurface Sediments for RDX Remediation at Pantex (2001)

This laboratory study was conducted to assess RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5 triazine) abiotic degradation by chemically reduced sediments and other geochemical aspects of the application of this technology to remediation of RDX contamination in groundwater at the U.S. DOE Pantex facility...
Liposomes Containing NY-ESO-1/Tetanus Toxoid and Adjuvant Peptides Targeted to Human Dendritic Cells Via The Fc Receptor for Cancer Vaccines (2013)

This targeted vaccine strategy is a promising tool to activate and deliver antigens to dendritic cells, thus improving immunotherapeutic response in situations in which the immune system is frequently compromised, as in advanced cancers.
A Theoretical Study on Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Key Enablers of Cyclic Conversion between Electrical Energy and Fuel (2021)

Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOC) enable the efficient cyclic conversion between electrical and chemical energy in the form of fuels and chemicals, thereby providing a pathway for long-term and high-capacity energy storage. Amongst the different fuels under investigation, hydrogen, methane, and ammonia have gained immense attention as carbon-neutral energy vectors. Here we have compared the energy efficiency and the energy demand of rSOC based on these three fuels. In the fuel cell mode of operation (energy generation), two different routes have been considered for both methane and ammonia; Routes 1 and 2 involve internal reforming (in the case of methane) or cracking (in the case of ammonia) and external reforming or cracking, respectively. The use of hydrogen as fuel provides the highest round-trip efficiency (62.1%) followed by methane by Route 1 (43.4%), ammonia by Route 2 (41.1%), methane by Route 2 (40.4%), and ammonia by Route 1 (39.2%). The lower efficiency of internal ammonia cracking as opposed to its external counterpart can be attributed to the insufficient catalytic activity and stability of the state-of-the-art fuel electrode materials, which is a major hindrance to the scale-up of this technology. A preliminary cost estimate showed that the price of hydrogen, methane and ammonia produced in SOEC mode would be ~1.91, 3.63, and 0.48 $/kg, respectively. In SOFC mode, the cost of electricity generation using hydrogen, internally reformed methane, and internally cracked ammonia would be ~52.34, 46.30, and 47.11 $/MWh, respectively.
Network-Targeted Approach and Postoperative Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Are Associated with Seizure Outcome (2019)

OBJECTIVE Postoperative resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with intractable epilepsy has not been quantified in relation to seizure outcome. Therefore, its value as a biomarker for epileptogenic pathology is not well understood. METHODS In a sample of children with intractable epilepsy who underwent prospective resting-state seizure onset zone (SOZ)-targeted epilepsy surgery, postoperative resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) was performed 6 to 12 months later. Graded normalization of the postoperative resting-state SOZ was compared to seizure outcomes, patient, surgery, and anatomical MRI characteristics. RESULTS A total of 64 cases were evaluated. Network-targeted surgery, followed by postoperative rs-fMRI normalization was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with seizure reduction, with a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.83. Of 39 cases with postoperative rs-fMRI SOZ normalization, 38 (97%) became completely seizure free. In contrast, of the 25 cases without complete rs-fMRI SOZ normalization, only 3 (5%) became seizure free. The accuracy of rs-fMRI as a biomarker predicting seizure freedom is 94%, with 96% sensitivity and 93% specificity. INTERPRETATION Among seizure localization techniques in pediatric epilepsy, network-targeted surgery, followed by postoperative rs-fMRI normalization, has high correlation with seizure freedom. This study shows that rs-fMRI SOZ can be used as a biomarker of the epileptogenic zone, and postoperative rs-fMRI normalization is a biomarker for SOZ quiescence. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:344-356.
Is MR-guided High-intensity Focused Ultrasound a Feasible Treatment Modality for Desmoid Tumors? (2015)

Level IV, therapeutic study.
Quantitative Changes In T-Cell Populations After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation (1999)

Background —Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are currently being evaluated as permanent therapy for end-stage heart failure. Because life-threatening infections limit successful long-term device implantation, we investigated the relationship between quantitative T-cell defects in LVAD recipients and CD95-mediated T-cell apoptosis. Methods and Results —Immunological studies were performed in NYHA class IV patients awaiting cardiac transplantation who received either a TCI Heartmate left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or medical management. Fluorochrome-labeled Mabs were used in T-cell phenotypic analyses. T-cell apoptosis was measured by annexin V binding of T cells cultured in medium for 24 hours. Circulating serum levels of soluble CD95 were measured by ELISA. LVAD recipients had a relative lymphopenia and reduction in CD4 T-cell levels compared with NYHA class IV heart failure controls. These observations were confirmed in a longitudinal study in LVAD recipients, which showed that device implantation was accompanied by progressive and sustained reductions in circulating CD4 T-cell levels. These abnormalities in LVAD recipients were accompanied by increased levels of circulating soluble CD95 and by excessive CD4 and CD8 T-cell apoptosis. Susceptibility to induction of apoptosis was &gt;2-fold greater for CD4 T cells than for CD8 T cells. Conclusions —These results suggest that the reduction in CD4 T-cell levels accompanying LVAD implantation is a consequence of an augmented pathway of CD95-mediated apoptosis. The clinical consequences of these abnormalities may include increased prevalence of systemic infections.
Distribution of dengue and Japanese encephalitis among children in rural and suburban Thai villages. (2000)

In the rainy season of 1989, IgG and IgM antibodies against dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses (measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay [ELISA]) in serum from all primary-school children in two areas of central Thailand were sampled in order to choose a study site for more detailed epidemiological and entomological analysis. Students in three schools in the largely non-agricultural, suburban community of Bang Bua Thong, Nontaburi Province were sampled in late June and July. Of 1,477 children, 33/1,000 had recent dengue infection and 7/1,000 had recent JE infection. The rate of dengue infection in each village influenced the rate in schools, in that the rate of the school could be predicted from the proportion of students coming from each village. This result suggested that most transmission occurred in the residential environment; otherwise, the rate in each village going to a single school would be identical. Serum samples were taken in late August in the agricultural community of Hua Samrong, Chachoengsao Province. Of 748 students in two schools, 95/1,000 had signs of recent dengue infection and 32/1,000 had signs of recent JE infection. Two of 12 villages had significantly less flavivirus infection than some other villages and three villages had significantly more flavivirus infection. The children from one village had a dengue infection rate of 256 per 1,000, which was higher than the national average for the worst year (1987) previously recorded in Thailand. Within Hua Samrong, there was evidence for significant dengue transmission in one of the schools and concentrated transmission in small areas of two of the villages. The younger age group (3-8 years old) had significantly higher risk of infection by either flavivirus than older children. Elevated homes with wooden floors had significantly higher risk of dengue in the largest village. The observations from 1989 describe the epidemiological situation in rapidly developing, rural villages. This stage of development is probably being repeated throughout Southeast Asia as formerly isolated, rural villages become connected by transportation and economy to urban centers. What appears to be a single dengue outbreak based on passive surveillance conducted on a regional basis may actually be a variety of epidemiological situations. The practical implication of this conclusion is that application of a combination of vaccination and vector control should be targeted to higher risk areas in order to increase the likelihood of regional dengue virus eradication.
D5.1 Manufacturing/ Installation of the thermal storage (2022)

This document is the deliverable D5.1 of the project POLYPHEM. It is planned in the framework of the Work Package 5 (Manufacturing and installation of the prototype plant). The deliverable D5.1 is a demonstrator. It shows that the thermal energy storage (TES) tank is erected on the site of the solar tower facility THEMIS (France) as part of the prototype plant. The TES tank is made of concrete for the basement and for the wall. The filler bed consists of stacks of concrete bricks arranged in a compact pattern. ARRAELA designed the concrete material and erected the tank on site. CIEMAT supplied the measurement instruments and CNRS was in charge of the civil works, the implementation of the filler bed and the instrumentation.
Mechanistic Discussion of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at undoped and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs and N-CNTs, respectively) was studied by cyclic voltammety, rotating disk electrode voltammetry, and gasometric analysis in neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions. At undoped CNTs, the ORR proceeds by two successive two-electron processes with hydroperoxide (HO2–) as the intermediate. At N-CNTs, the ORR occurs through a “pseudo”-four-electron pathway involving a catalytic regenerative process in which hydroperoxide is chemically disproportionated to form hydroxide (OH–) and molecular oxygen (O2). The ORR mechanism at both undoped and N-doped varieties is supported by steady state polarization and gasometric measurements of hydroperoxide disproportionation rates. An enhancement of over 1000-fold for hydroperoxide disproportionation is observed for N-CNTs, with rates comparable to the best known peroxide decomposition catalysts. A positive correlation between nitrogen content and ORR activities is observed where the ORR potential shifts by up to 11.6 mV per at. % N incorporated into the N-CNTs and exhibits an oxygen reduction potential, Ep, of −0.23 V vs Hg/Hg2SO4 (+0.640 V vs NHE) in 1 M Na2HPO4 for N-CNTs containing 7.4 at. % N. A detailed mechanism is proposed that involves a dual site reduction in which O2 is initially reduced at a N–C type site in a 2-electron process to form HO2–, which then can undergo either further electrochemical reduction to form OH– species or chemical disproportionation to form OH– species and molecular O2 at a decorating FexOy/Fe surface phase.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium(III) Reagents in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Glycal and C‐Glycoside Synthesis (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Combination between a long-acting engineered cytokine (NKTR-214) and checkpoint inhibitors anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD1 in murine tumor models. (2014)

3082 Background: Durability of response is the hallmark of immunotherapy but only a fraction of patients experience this prolonged benefit. Recent studies suggest more patients may benefit from combining agents with complementary immunological mechanisms. NKTR-214 is an engineered form of IL-2 that directly activates cytotoxic T cells by targeting the IL-2 receptor beta subunit and exhibits a pharmacokinetic profile that is more like an antibody than a cytokine. Anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1 are antibodies that block negative regulation of T cells. Here we show that combining either antibody with NKTR-214, provides significant tumor growth inhibition in resistant mouse models. Methods: For combination studies, BALB/c mice bearing established CT-26 (Colon Carcinoma) or EMT6 (Mammary Carcinoma) tumors were treated with single agent NKTR-214, murine anti-CTLA-4 antibody, murine anti-PD-1 or the two agents in combination. Results: NKTR-214 exhibits a plasma and tumor exposure that is 600-fold and 500-fold greater respectively, than an equivalent dose of the original IL-2 cytokine. The optimized PK profile allows q9d dosing schedule instead of bid; the latter being typical for cytokines. In both the EMT-6 and the CT-26 models, the combination of NKTR-214 with anti-CTLA-4 provided 10/12 and 8/12 tumor-free animals respectively, up to 40 days after the last dose and showed clear synergy compared to either agent alone. The combination with anti-PD1 was also synergistic and showed tumor regression in 5/10 animals. Single agent administration did not show any significant tumor growth inhibition in these models. The combinations were well tolerated with no body weight loss or other clinical signs. Conclusions: NKTR-214 directly stimulates cytotoxic T cells and is therefore complementary to the mechanism of checkpoint inhibition using antibodies. The favorable pharmacokinetics of NKTR-214 enables dosing schedules that are more like an antibody allowing convenient combination with other antibodies. Combining NKTR-214 mediated T cell activation with CTLA-4 or PD1 blockade is synergistic in murine models of cancer and holds the promise for durable responses in humans.