gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Characteristics and Driving Factors of Public–Private Partnership Projects Implemented in China (2022)

In recent years, public–private partnership (PPP), as an alternative strategy in the delivery of infrastructure services, has developed rapidly in China. However, the implementation of PPP projects differs significantly between provinces and municipalities. Using the implementation data of national PPP demonstration projects, this study employs spatial autoregression and a spatial Durbin model (SDM) to explore the spatial characteristics and driving factors of PPP projects across China. The results indicate that the PPP project implementation rate in China shows significant spatial clustering, which indicates a spatial spillover effect in the eastern, central, and western regions of the country. The fixed asset investment and infrastructure status exert a significant positive effect on the PPP project implementation rate in a certain region and aid in the implementation of PPP projects in the neighboring regions. Urbanization potentiality, the financial self-sufficiency rate, and regional openness do not have an impact on the local PPP project implementation rate, but they do inhibit the increase in this rate in the adjacent regions. Fiscal capacity, government credibility, and the level of social development do not affect the local PPP project implementation rate, but they do promote the implementation of the PPP projects of these neighboring regions. Local authorities should make additional efforts to build an inter-regional development environment for PPP and promote the implementation of PPP projects.
Interface Properties of Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Structures on 4H-SiC{0001} and (1120) Formed by N<sub>2</sub>O Oxidation (2005)

4H-SiC(0001), (0001), and (1120) have been directly oxidized by N 2 O at 1300°C, and metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) interfaces have been characterized. The interface state density has been significantly reduced by N 2 O oxidation on any face, compared to conventional wet O 2 oxidation at 1150°C. Planar n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) fabricated on 4H-SiC(0001), (0001) and (1120) faces have shown effective channel mobilities of 26, 43, and 78 cm 2 /Vs, respectively. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses have revealed a clear pileup of nitrogen atoms near the MOS interface. The thickness of the interfacial transition layer can be decreased by N 2 O oxidation. The crystal face dependence of the interface structure is discussed. A simple consideration of chemistry indicates that NO, generated from the decomposition of N 2 O, may be a more efficient oxidant of carbon than O 2 .
Conformations and barriers to inversion of seven-membered cyclic oxamides and their monothio- and dithio-analogues: a study by dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular mechanics (1981)

Conformations and barriers to inversion of NN′-dialkylperhydrodiazepine-2,3-dione and its monothio- and dithio-analogues have been studied by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy and by molecular mechanics calculations. Experiments as well as calculations indicate that the compounds studied adopt a twist-boat conformation (C2 symmetry). The inversion of the ring system involves a passage through a Cs structure with a planar s-cis-(thio)oxamide unit. The free energy barriers increase in the order oxamide < monothio-oxamide < dithio-oxamide. The calculations indicate that the dominant part of the barrier is of steric origin; the electrostatic contribution is <20% of the total barrier height.
Arterolane–piperaquine–mefloquine versus arterolane–piperaquine and artemether–lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenyan children: a single-centre, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial (2021)

UK Department for International Development, The Wellcome Trust, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries.
Imaging Features of Pseudoaneurysms of the Hand in Children and Adults (2003)

Awareness of the specific imaging appearances of pseudoaneurysms of the hand and their complications may improve the accuracy of radiologic diagnosis, advance the preoperative workup, and prevent possible clinical complications such as digital gangrene, nerve dysfunction, and aneurysm rupture.
Expression of CMIP in podocytes is restricted to specific classes of lupus nephritis (2018)

Lupus glomerulopathies are classified into various histological patterns, which probably result from different pathophysiological origins. Podocyte injury can be demonstrated in lupus nephritis but its clinical relevance is far little appreciated and is often masked by proliferative lesions and inflammatory cell infiltrations. Two patterns of podocyte lesions may be considered, either occurring in the context of renal inflammation or reflecting podocyte dysfunction in non-proliferative and non-inflammatory glomerulopathies. This distinction remains elusive since no reliable biomarker discriminates between both entities. CMIP was recently found induced in some glomerular disease but its expression in different lupus nephritis classes has not been investigated. Twenty-four adult patients with lupus nephritis, including non-proliferative (n = 11) and proliferative (n = 13) glomerulopathies were analyzed. Clinical, biological and immunological data were compared with immunomorphological findings. We analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods the expression of CMIP in different histological classes. We found CMIP abundance selectively increased in podocytes in class II and class V glomerulopathies, while in proliferative forms (class III and class IV), CMIP was rarely detected. CMIP was not expressed in cellular crescents, endothelial cells or mesangial cells. CMIP colocalized with some subsets of B and T cells within glomerular or interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrates but never with macrophages. Hematuria is rarely present in lupus glomerulopathies expressing CMIP. There was no correlation between classical immunological markers and CMIP expression. Thus, CMIP induction in lupus nephritis seems restricted to non-proliferative glomerulopathies and may define a specific pattern of podocyte injury.
Novel synthesis of polyethers by the polyaddition of bis(epoxide)s with bis(phosphinate)s (1999)

The polyaddition of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether with bis[4-(P,P-diphenylphosphinyloxy)phenyl] sulfone catalyzed by quaternary onium salt, such as tetrabutylammonium chloride afforded a new phosphorus-containing polyether with good solubility in common organic solvents. Having studied various factors affecting the reaction, such as temperature, catalyst concentration, reaction time, etc., an appropriate polyaddition condition was suggested as using 5 mol % of suitable quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt in polar solvent at 150°C within 25 h in an ampule for producing high molecular weight polymer. A number of polyethers bearing pendent phosphinate ester groups from the polyaddition of certain bis(epoxide)s and bis(phosphinate)s were synthesized under the above condition and characterized by GPC, IR, and NMR. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1009–1016, 1999
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for feature selection in emotion recognition from speech (2012)

Automatic emotion recognition from speech is limited by the ability to discover the relevant predicting features. The common approach is to extract a very large set of features over a generally long analysis time window. In this paper we investigate the applicability of two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test (KST) to the problem of segmental speech emotion recognition. We train emotion classifiers for each speech segment within an utterance. The segment labels are then combined to predict the dominant emotion label. Our findings show that KST can be successfully used to extract statistically relevant features. KST criterion is used to optimize the parameters of the statistical segmental analysis, namely the window segment size and shift. We carry out seven binary class emotion classification experiments on the Emo-DB and evaluate the impact of the segmental analysis and emotion-specific feature selection.
Toward the total synthesis of spirastrellolide A. Part 3: Intelligence gathering and preparation of a ring-expanded analogue (2007)

Different methods for the formation of the C.25-C.26 bond of spirastrellolide A () are evaluated that might qualify for the end game of the projected total synthesis, with emphasis on metathetic ways to forge the macrocyclic frame.
Contribution of prenatal imaging to the anatomical assessment of fetal hydrocolpos (2007)

Hydrocolpos may be associated with a lower urinary tract obstruction in a spectrum of urorectal malformations ranging from persistent urogenital sinus to cloacal dysgenesis. As cloacal dysgenesis carries the worst postnatal prognosis, detailed prenatal ultrasound should focus on the fetal pelvic anatomy to provide the parents with appropriate prenatal counseling. We report three cases of fetal hydrocolpos associated with low urinary tract obstructions, including two with a normal appearance of the anal canal and rectum on prenatal ultrasound and one with a complex cloacal malformation which contributed to the precise prenatal assignment of the malformation in each case within the spectrum of urogenital sequence malformations.
Synthesis and Structure of the Metallic K<sub>6</sub>Tl<sub>17</sub>:  A Layered Tetrahedral Star Structure Related to That of Cr<sub>3</sub>Si (2003)

The title compound, the Tl-richest in the K-Tl system, has been synthesized in Ta containers via direct reaction of the elements at 400 degrees C followed by quenching to room temperature and subsequent annealing at 150 degrees C for 4 weeks. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cccm (No. 66) with a = 16.625(1) A, b = 23.594(2) A, c = 15.369(2) A (22 degrees C), and Z = 8. Two different Tl(12) units consisting of augmented tetrahedral stars are condensed into layers of such tetrahedra, and further Tl(2) dumbbells and the potassium cations also interconnect the stars and layers into a three-dimensional network. The former anionic Tl(8) subunits clearly resemble those in the heteroatomic 3-D structure of cubic Cr(3)Si before their augmentation with bridging atoms. The compound is metallic (rho(270) = 22.6 micro omega x cm, alpha = 0.0023 K(-)(1)) and shows Pauli-like paramagnetic susceptibility (chi(296) = 1.1 x 10(-4) emu/mol). EHTB calculations illustrate the importance of Tl p-orbital bonding, the positive Tl-Tl overlap populations up to E(F), and greater strengths of the Tl-Tl bonding between and about the surface of the augmented Tl(12) units. Cations between the thallium layers play specific and important roles in the structure.
<i>Oceanospirillum</i> (2015)

Abstract O.ce.an.o.spi.ril'lum. M.L. n. oceanus ocean; Gr. n. spira a spiral; M.L. dim. neut. n. spirillum spirillum a small spiral; Oceanospirillum a small spiral (organism) from the ocean (seawater). Rigid, helical cells 0.4–1.2 μm in diameter. Motile by bipolar tufts of flagella . A polar membrane underlies the cytoplasmic membrane at the cell poles in all species so far examined by electron microscopy. Intracellular poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate is formed. All species form thin‐walled coccoid bodies that predominate in old cultures . Gram negative. Aerobic , having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Nitrate respiration does not occur. Nitrate can be reduced to nitrite in all oceanospirilla. Optimum temperature for growth, 25–32°C. Oxidase positive . Indole and aryl sulfatase negative. Casein, starch, hippurate, and esculin are not hydrolyzed. Seawater is required for growth. Carbohydrates are neither oxidized nor fermented . Amino acids or the salts of organic acids serve as carbon sources. Growth factors are not usually required. Isolated from coastal seawater, decaying seaweed, and putrid infusions of marine mussels. The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 45–50. Type species : Oceanospirillum linum (Williams and Rittenberg 1957) Hylemon, Wells, Krieg and Jannasch 1973, 374 ( Spirillum linum Williams and Rittenberg 1957, 82.) Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Oceanospirillum is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Pseudomonadati / Pseudomonadota / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Oceanospirillaceae / Oceanospirillum The genus Oceanospirillum can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Oceanospirillum (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Pseudomonadota / c__Gammaproteobacteria / o__Pseudomonadales / f__Halomonadaceae / g__Oceanospirillum * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Interspecies comparison of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of SAHA (2004)

4015 Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is an orally administered histone deacetylase inhibitor in advanced clinical trials. Oral SAHA has single agent antitumor activity in a variety of refractory solid tumors and hematologic malignancies at dosages associated with reversible constitutional symptoms. We sought to characterize the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of SAHA so as to understand better the clearance of SAHA, and the relationship of systemic exposure to toxicity and activity. When SAHA was incubated with mouse, rat, dog, and human liver microsomes 77%, 79%, 92%, and 83%, respectively, of the drug remained intact after 60 minutes. To survey for potential metabolites in vitro, SAHA was incubated with S9 fractions from rat, dog, monkey, and human livers. SAHA glucuronide (the predominant metabolite), SAHA amide, SAHA acid, SAHA acid glucuronide, methylated SAHA, and hydroxylated SAHA were detected by LC-MS in the incubations. Sera from rats, dogs, and humans administered oral SAHA were also analyzed by LC-MS. SAHA, SAHA glucuronide, SAHA succinate, SAHA amide, SAHA acid, SAHA adipic acid, and acetanilide were detected. The in vivo metabolite profiles were similar in these species, with SAHA glucuronide and SAHA succinate being the major metabolites. The substantial levels of the succinate detected in vivo but not in S9 fractions in vitro suggests that it arose by successive β-oxidations in mitochondria. None of the metabolites detected in sera inhibited histone deacetylase or cell proliferation in vitro. SAHA glucuronide was the only metabolite detected in dog bile. In rat, dog, and human urine, various hydroxylated metabolites as well as conjugates of acetanilide were observed in addition to all of the serum metabolites. Toxicokinetics of SAHA, SAHA glucuronide, and SAHA succinate in serum were obtained on Days 1 and 28 in rat and dog oral toxicology studies. The pharmacokinetics of SAHA and SAHA succinate were comparable in male and female rats over doses ranging from 20 to 150 mg/kg/day and did not appear to change with repeated dosing. The pharmacokinetics of SAHA glucuronide showed that female rats had a greater exposure than males at the 50 and 150 mg/kg/day doses. Serum concentrations of these 3 analytes increased in a linear but less than dose proportional manner between 20 and 150 mg/kg/day. The serum AUC0-6 hr for SAHA in the high-dose rats approximated the AUC0-t in human plasma following a 400 mg oral dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters in dogs were highly variable, but showed a dose-dependent trend and accumulation of all 3 analytes. In summary, metabolite profiles in serum were similar in rats, dogs, and humans. The main metabolic clearance pathways appear to be direct glucuronidation of the hydroxamate, and hydrolysis followed by successive β-oxidations to generate SAHA succinate.
Molecular mechanisms of DNA repair inhibition by caffeine. (1990)

Caffeine potentiates the mutagenic and lethal effects of genotoxic agents. It is thought that this is due, at least in some organisms, to inhibition of DNA repair. However, direct evidence for inhibition of repair enzymes has been lacking. Using purified Escherichia coli DNA photolyase and (A)BC excinuclease, we show that the drug inhibits photoreactivation and nucleotide excision repair by two different mechanisms. Caffeine inhibits photoreactivation by interfering with the specific binding of photolyase to damaged DNA, and it inhibits nucleotide excision repair by promoting nonspecific binding of the damage-recognition subunit, UvrA, of (A)BC excinuclease. A number of other intercalators, including acriflavin and ethidium bromide, appear to inhibit the excinuclease by a similar mechanism--that is, by trapping the UvrA subunit in nonproductive complexes on undamaged DNA.
Brief Report: Prevalence of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Infective Endocarditis (2014)

ANCAs, including PR3- and MPO-ANCAs, occur in a substantial proportion of patients with IE. The link between cANCA/pANCA and specific features of IE requires further study.
Wisdom of crowds for robust gene network inference. (2012)

Reconstructing gene regulatory networks from high-throughput data is a long-standing challenge. Through the Dialogue on Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods (DREAM) project, we performed a comprehensive blind assessment of over 30 network inference methods on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in silico microarray data. We characterize the performance, data requirements and inherent biases of different inference approaches, and we provide guidelines for algorithm application and development. We observed that no single inference method performs optimally across all data sets. In contrast, integration of predictions from multiple inference methods shows robust and high performance across diverse data sets. We thereby constructed high-confidence networks for E. coli and S. aureus, each comprising ~1,700 transcriptional interactions at a precision of ~50%. We experimentally tested 53 previously unobserved regulatory interactions in E. coli, of which 23 (43%) were supported. Our results establish community-based methods as a powerful and robust tool for the inference of transcriptional gene regulatory networks.
Variable-rate variable-power hybrid M-FSK M-QAM for fading channels (2003)

This paper investigates a variable-rate variable-power hybrid non-coherent M-FSK M-QAM system. The goal is to combine the spectral efficiency merit of M-QAM with the power efficiency advantage of M-FSK and as such extend the region of availability even at very low channel gain values. A basic system is first designed to maximize the average spectral efficiency while meeting average power and target bit error rate constraints. In addition, a peak power constraint is imposed in a more general system. The optimization procedure leads to optimum rate and power loading functions which are compared for the different modes of operation.
A stable fullerene charge-transfer complex in the solid state: HMTTEF–C<sub>60</sub> (1992)

The first stable complex of C60 with an organic electron donor has been synthesised; the complex, having C60 and HMTTEF (hexamethylenetetratellurafulvalene) in a 1 : 1 ratio, is black, insulating, weakly magnetic, insoluble in most solvents and stable in air.
ChemInform Abstract: Soluble Zinc Bis(aryloxides). (1986)

Abstract Alcoholysis of (I) with Lö‐di‐tert‐butylphenol proceeds no further than the product (II).
Mechanisms Regulating Repression of Haptoglobin Production by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Ligands in Adipocytes (2009)

Obesity leads to inflammation of white adipose tissue involving enhanced secretion of cytokines and acute-phase proteins in response in part to the accumulation of excess lipids in adipocytes. Haptoglobin is an acute-phase reactant secreted by white adipose tissue and induced by inflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms regulating haptoglobin expression in adipocytes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) as well as non-TZD ligands can repress in vitro and in vivo haptoglobin expression in adipocytes and also prevent its induction by TNFalpha. This action requires direct involvement of PPAR gamma in regulating haptoglobin gene transcription because mutation of critical amino acids within helix 7 of the ligand-binding domain of PPAR gamma prevents repression of the haptoglobin gene by the synthetic ligands. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows active binding of PPAR gamma to a distal region of the haptoglobin promoter, which contains putative PPAR gamma binding sites. Additionally, PPAR gamma induces transcription of a luciferase reporter gene when driven by the distal promoter region of the haptoglobin gene, and TZD treatment significantly reduces the extent of this induction. Furthermore, the mutated PPAR gamma is incapable of enhancing luciferase activity in these in vitro reporter gene assays. In contrast to other adipokines repressed by TZDs such as resistin and chemerin, repression of haptoglobin does not require either CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein C/EBP alpha or the corepressors C-terminal binding protein 1 or 2. These data are consistent with a model in which synthetic PPAR gamma ligands selectively activate PPAR gamma bound to the haptoglobin gene promoter to arrest haptoglobin gene transcription.
The <i>Cdc25</i> homologue <i>Twine</i> is required for only some aspects of the entry into meiosis in <i>Drosophila</i> (1993)

ABSTRACT The twineHB5 mutation prevents spindle formation during the entry into meiosis in Drosophila males, but chromosome condensation and nuclear envelope break-down both still occur. This suggests the possibility that this particular cdc25 homologue is required to activate a p34cdc2 kinase required for only some of the events of this G2-M transition. In contrast, meiotic spindles do form in twineHB5 females, although these appear abnor-mal. However, the female meiotic divisions do not arrest at metaphase I as in wild type, but continue repeatedly, leading to gross non-disjunction. Small chromatin masses, corresponding in size to the fourth chromo-somes, often segregate properly to the spindle poles. These can persist into the embryos derived from twineHB5 females, where they appear to participate in mitotic divisions on thin spindles. In addition, these embryos contain a small number of large chromatin masses that are not associated with spindles.
Assessment of Family Cancer History Collection and Utilization in Patient Care (1998)

This study demonstrates that patients desire information about cancer genetics and hereditary cancer. Therefore, health care providers should provide better education and information to their patients as well as improve their family history-taking skills.
Generating high-brightness electron beams (1999)

We have designed a compact linear accelerator injected pulsed racetrack microtron to produce /spl sim/150 pC/bunch, 5/spl pi/ mm/spl times/mrad normalized transverse emittance, 5 ps bunch electron beams with energy selectable between 5 and 35 MeV in 2.5 MeV increments.