gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Set of a high power diode laser in order to enhance wettability conditions and process speed in a controlled short arc brazing process of zinc coated steels (2006)

In the last years an increasing amount in strategies to join zinc coated steels can be observed. Brazing represents a profitable way in order to join zinc coated steels at low temperatures, reducing or avoiding zinc evaporation. Low temperature melting brazes materials as CuSi3 or CuAl8 are nowadays wide spread in automotive industry as well as in low cost sheet metal application. Nevertheless the working temperature of these materials is higher than the boiling temperature of zinc, so that a damaging occurs in the near of the joint region as well as pore formation in the braze bead. The advantages of these braze sorts are high wettability as well as high mechanical properties. In order to avoid completely zinc coating damaging the set of ZnAl-fillers was already investigated for laser brazing of zinc coated steels as well as for joining steel with aluminum. Further more thanks to new developments in arc wire technology ZnAl-electrodes can be used for MIG-brazing as well. In this case the conventional short arc, which normally doesn’t allow brazing with zinc wires, as eruption like evaporation occurs, is modified and controlled. The drop formation on the wire tip, the metal transfer and the heat input can be controlled and modified very precisely, so that processing of filler material can be performed easily for thin sheets (till 0,8-1,5 mm) and at low processing speed, below 0,3-0,4 m/min. The control of the heat input occurs due to reducing abruptly the current after short arc. The disadvantages connected with a lower heat input in the base material are a restricted wetting behavior of the zinc pool on the base material and the low brazing speed due to a very high cooling rate. The focus of the presented investigation is the development of a laser based strategy in order to enhance MIG-brazing conditions. A high power diode laser is positioned with a certain offset in front of the GMA-torch, in order to preheat the brazing site, so that wetting can occur easily and velocity increased. A “coldArc” device of EWM (Germany), which allows a controlled short arc and the control of the heat input, was used. As laser source, a fiber coupled high power diode laser with a maximum output of 3 kW was part of the setup. The strategy results in a better wettability and in an increase to 0,7 m/min (approx. 900 W laser power) due to the preheating effect of the sheets by a very low laser power. The influence of the laser power on the wetting is described for a model joint. Further investigations report the advantaged and the process conditions for joining zinc coated steels. The effect of the strategy on the joining of steel and aluminum represents a further topic of the investigation, which will be demonstrated with basic investigation.
OP24 Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the UK: a multicentre study of clinical and virological characteristics (2010)

Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important health problem in the UK where 180 000 to 326 000 people are estimated to be chronic carriers of the virus and at increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aim To establish a national register of chronic HBV patients for long-term follow-up to provide comprehensive data on demographic, clinical, and virological characteristics of chronic HBV infection in the UK. Method Adult patients with chronic HBV infection (HBsAg positive &gt;6 months) under active follow-up in 15 UK liver centres were eligible. Patient recruitment commenced in February 2007. Demographic and clinical data were recorded for all patients. Serum samples were collected on a subset of patients to determine HBV genotype and presence of mutations by sequencing. Results 1147 patients have been registered. Their mean age was 43±13 years; 57% were male. The most common ethnicities were Chinese (26%), white (22%) and Pakistani (18%). The majority (81%, 676/831) were born outside the UK primarily in Pakistan (15%), Hong Kong (12%) and China (10%). 22% were HBeAg positive. Cirrhosis was present in 17% of cases that had a liver biopsy (n=447). 63% were HBV antiviral treatment naïve. 33% were currently on treatment of which 53% were on monotherapy primarily with either lamivudine (53%) or entecavir (28%). HBV DNA was currently undetectable in 53% (193/362) of treated subjects. The prevalence of HBV genotypes in those sequenced (n=293) was as follows: A (14%), B (17%), C (18%), D (42.7%), E (8%) and G (0.3%). HBV genotypes differed according to ethnicity (p&lt;0.001): whites were predominantly genotypes A (46%) and D (46%), Chinese genotypes B (44%) and C (46%), black Africans genotypes A (21%) and E (53%) and Pakistanis genotype D (97%). Precore and basal core promoter region mutations (BCP; T1762/A1764) occurred in 45% (127/280) and 15% (42/280) of those tested, respectively. 20% (56/280) of the samples carried both precore and BCP mutations. HBsAg mutations indicative of altered antigenicity and could potentially be involved in vaccine escape were detected in 19% (54/286). Polymerase mutations associated with antiviral resistance were identified in 23% (18/77) (only those currently/previously on treatment). Conclusion We have established the first nationwide chronic HBV register in the UK. In our study population, chronic HBV infection was predominant in immigrants born in countries with high HBV prevalence. A strong association was found between HBV genotypes and ethnicity. Precore mutations were more common than BCP mutations and one-fifth of those tested carried both mutations. The cross-sectional data have enabled exploration of epidemiological associations with chronic HBV infection, the use of antivirals, molecular typing and emergence of novel resistance strains in clinical practice which may differ from clinical trial results. Prospective follow-up of the cohort will allow further characterisation of long-term outcomes.
Characterizing the innervation of the vulvar vestibule and the immunohistochemical features of neuroproliferative vestibulodynia (2023)

The vulvar vestibule contains both sensory and autonomic innervation, which may originate from the pudendal nerve and IHP. Our results support the existence of a neuroproliferative subtype that is characterized by the proliferation of sensory and autonomic nerve fibers and neuroimmune interactions.
Structural analysis shows that the BIR2 domain of E3 ligase XIAP binds across the RIP2 kinase dimer interface (2022)

Abstract NOD1 and NOD2 are innate immune system pattern recognition receptors that play a key role in the protection from bacterial infections and in the maintenance of gastro-intestinal homeostasis. Dysregulation of NOD signalling pathways promotes chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. RIP2, which contains a kinase domain (RIP2K) and a CARD domain, is the immediate downstream signalling partner in the NOD pathway and inhibition of its kinase activity and ubiquitination are promising strategies to address these inflammatory diseases. However, recent work indicates that the phosphorylation activity of RIP2K is dispensable for signalling and that inhibitors of both RIP2K activity and RIP2 ubiquitination prevent the essential interaction between RIP2K and the BIR2 domain of XIAP, the key RIP2 ubiquitin E3 ligase. Moreover, XIAP BIR2 antagonists also block this interaction. To reveal the molecular mechanisms involved, we combined Native mass spectrometry, NMR, cryo-electron microscopy and Alphafold2 predictions to determine the structure of the RIP2K-XIAP BIR2 complex with 2:1 stoichiometry. The structure shows that complex formation requires that the kinase is in an active-like (i.e. αC-helix IN) and dimeric conformation and explains both inhibitory mechanisms. It also shows why phosphorylation of the kinase activation loop is dispensable for signalling and reveals the structural role of RIP2K-K209 residue in the RIP2K-XIAP BIR2 interaction. Importantly, our results clarify the features of the RIP2K conformation essential for its role as a scaffold protein for ubiquitination.
L’uso di Twitter in oncologia. Ricerca, aggiornamento e advocacy (2015)

Traditional mass media coverage has been enhanced by Twitter, an interactive, real-time media, useful in health care, and particularly in oncology. Social media such as Twitter are gaining increasing acceptance as tools for instantaneous scientific dialogue. Professional medical societies such as ASCO and ESMO are using microblogging to expand the reach of scientific communications at and around their scientific meetings. To widen the message and maximize the potential for word-of-mouth marketing using Twitter, organizations (such as AIOM, ASCO or ESMO) and industries need a strategic communications plan to ensure on-going social media conversations. Twitter is a very powerful tool indeed that amplifies the results of scientific meetings, and conference organisers should put in place strategies to capitalise on this. This review demonstrates that cancer patients also share information more and more via Twitter about their disease, including diagnosis, symptoms, and treatments. This information could prove useful to health care providers.
Direct Evidence for Counterion Release upon Cationic Lipid−DNA Condensation (1999)

The cooperative condensation of DNA and cationic liposomes to form ordered aggregates in aqueous solution is associated with the release of partially bound counterions. We directly determine the extent of counterion release by separating the supernatant from the precipitated condensates, measuring the conductivity of the solution before and after the phase transition. The extent of counterion release is calculated for a range of lipid/DNA concentration ratios based on the nonlinear Poisson−Boltzmann theory. Both experiment and theory show maximal, essentially complete, release of counterions at the isoelectric point, where the positive (lipid)/negative (DNA) charge ratio is 1:1. Furthermore, at this point the entropic contribution to the condensation free energy is maximal and dominant.
Inhibition of Rho-Kinase Improves Erectile Function, Increases Nitric Oxide Signaling and Decreases Penile Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury (2012)

These results provide evidence for up-regulation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway with detrimental effects on erectile function after bilateral cavernous nerve injury. ROCK inhibition improved erectile dysfunction associated with bilateral cavernous nerve injury by preserving penile nitric oxide bioavailability and decreasing penile apoptosis.
Seek and Decode: Random Access with Physical-Layer Network Coding and\n Multiuser Detection (2014)

We present a novel cross layer approach to random access (RA) that combines\nphysical-layer network coding (PLNC) with multiuser detection (MUD). PLNC and\nMUD are applied jointly at the physical level in order to extract any linear\ncombination of messages experiencing a collision. The set of combinations\nextracted from a whole frame is then processed by the receiver to recover the\noriginal packets. A simple pre-coding stage at the transmitting terminals\nallows the receiver to further increase system diversity. We derive an\nanalytical bound on the system throughput and present simulation results for\nthe decoding at the physical level as well as several performance measures at\nframe level in block fading channels, namely throughput, packet loss rate and\nenergy efficiency. The results we present are promising and suggest that a\ncross layer approach leveraging on the joint use of PLNC and MUD can\nsignificantly improve the performance of RA systems.\n
Chiral Nanoceramics (2020)

The study of different chiral inorganic nanomaterials has been experiencing rapid growth during the past decade, with its primary focus on metals and semiconductors. Ceramic materials can substantially expand the range of mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and biological properties of chiral nanostructures, further stimulating theoretical, synthetic, and applied research in this area. An ever-expanding toolbox of nanoscale engineering and self-organization provides a chirality-based methodology for engineering of hierarchically organized ceramic materials. However, fundamental discoveries and technological translations of chiral nanoceramics have received substantially smaller attention than counterparts from metals and semiconductors. Findings in this research area are scattered over a variety of sources and subfields. Here, the diversity of chemistries, geometries, and properties found in chiral ceramic nanostructures are summarized. They represent a compelling materials platform for realization of chirality transfer through multiple scales that can result in new forms of ceramic materials. Multiscale chiral geometries and the structural versatility of nanoceramics are complemented by their high chiroptical activity, enantioselectivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Future development in this field is likely to encompass chiral synthesis, biomedical applications, and optical/electronic devices. The implementation of computationally designed chiral nanoceramics for biomimetic catalysts and quantum information devices may also be expected.
Abstract 17059: Single and Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety of a Novel PCSK9 Synthesis Inhibitor, ALN-PCSsc, in Subjects With Elevated LDL Cholesterol (2016)

Background: ALN-PCSsc (PCSK9si) is an RNAi therapeutic consisting of double-stranded oligonucleotide covalently linked to N-acetylgalactosamine targeting PCSK9 mRNA in hepatocytes. The potency for ...
Dimethyl 5,5-dicyano-2-hydroxy-4,6-diphenylcyclohex-1-ene-1,3-dicarboxylate (2004)

In the title mol­ecule, C24H20N2O5, the cyclo­hexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The molecular structure shows some intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor is Elevated in Obese Adolescents (2009)

We demonstrated elevated HGF levels in obese adolescents. We speculate that HGF is a possible link between obesity in early life and related comorbidities.
P04.21 Combination therapy of CAR-NK cells and anti-PD-1 antibody displays potent efficacy against late-stage Glioblastoma and induces protective antitumor immunity (2018)

Checkpoint inhibitors as well as adoptive cell therapy hold great promise for cancer treatment and promising treatment responses have already been demonstrated in different cancer indications. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Standard therapy prolongs life expectancy only by months. Analysis of the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) indicates elevated suppressive leukocyte infiltration. While the surrounding brain is HER2-negative, GBM tumors are frequently HER2-positive, suggesting HER2 as a promising target for adoptive immunotherapy. Indeed, previous results show efficacy of CAR-NK cells (NK-92/5.28.z) targeted to HER2 in mouse glioma models at early stages of tumor development. The murine glioma cell line GL261 was transfected with HER2. Tumor cells were implanted subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice and treated either with HER2-specific NK-92/5.28.z, parental NK-92 cells, or in combination with anti-PD-1. Effects on tumor growth and survival were determined, and lymphocyte infiltration and immunosuppressive TME were characterized by flow cytometry. Combined treatment with NK-92/5.28.z cells and anti-PD-1 resulted in tumor regression and long-term survival of late-stage tumor bearing mice. Analysis of TME showed enhanced cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration after treatment. These data demonstrate enhanced efficacy of a combination of NK-92/5.28.z cells with checkpoint inhibitors in advanced tumors. Checkpoint inhibition possibly induces a cytotoxic rather than immunosuppressive TME, leading to a primed immune system. Thus, combination therapy may be a promising treatment goal for a clinical phase I/II study.
Evaluation of Arthrometer for Ankle Instability: A Cadaveric Study (2010)

Availablity of a nonradiographic device to measure ankle instability could improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate decision making in patients with chronic ankle instability.
Low noise up-conversion single photon detector and its applications in quantum information systems (2009)

We developed low-noise up-conversion single photon detectors for 1310 nm based on a periodically-poled LiNbO<sub>3</sub> (PPLN) waveguide. The low-noise feature is achieved by using a pulsed optical pump at a wavelength longer than the signal wavelength. The detectors were used in a quantum key distribution (QKD) systems based on polarization encoding, measurement for entangled photon pairs and spectrum measurement at single photon levels. In this paper, the overall detection efficiency and noise level of the detectors are characterized and the polarization and wavelength sensitivity of the detection efficiency is analyzed. The applications of this detector in quantum information systems are also described.
Superlocalization Spectral Imaging Microscopy of a Multicolor Quantum Dot Complex (2012)

The key factor of realizing super-resolution optical microscopy at the single-molecule level is to separately position two adjacent molecules. An opportunity to independently localize target molecules is provided by the intermittency (blinking) in fluorescence of a quantum dot (QD) under the condition that the blinking of each emitter can be recorded and identified. Herein we develop a spectral imaging based color nanoscopy which is capable of determining which QD is blinking in the multicolor QD complex through tracking the first-order spectrum, and thus, the distance at tens of nanometers between two QDs is measured. Three complementary oligonucleotides with lengths of 15, 30, and 45 bp are constructed as calibration rulers. QD585 and QD655 are each linked at one end. The measured average distances are in good agreement with the calculated lengths with a precision of 6 nm, and the intracellular dual-color QDs within a diffraction-limited spot are distinguished.
Front Matter: Volume 9556 (2015)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 9556, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Invited Panel Discussion, and Conference Committee listing.
An Architecture Framework for Transparent Instruction Set Customization in Embedded Processors (2005)

Instruction set customization is an effective way to improve processor performance. Critical portions of application data-flow graphs are collapsed for accelerated execution on specialized hardware. Collapsing dataflow subgraphs will compress the latency along critical paths and reduces the number of intermediate results stored in the register file. While custom instructions can be effective, the time and cost of designing a new processor for each application is immense. To overcome this roadblock, this paper proposes a flexible architectural framework to transparently integrate custom instructions into a general-purpose processor. Hardware accelerators are added to the processor to execute the collapsed subgraphs. A simple microarchitectural interface is provided to support a plug-and-play model for integrating a wide range of accelerators into a pre-designed and verified processor core. The accelerators are exploited using an approach of static identification and dynamic realization. The compiler is responsible for identifying profitable subgraphs, while the hardware handles discovery, mapping, and execution of compatible subgraphs. This paper presents the design of a plug-and-play transparent accelerator system arid evaluates the cost/performance implications of the design.
Admission computed tomography radiomic signatures outperform hematoma volume in predicting baseline clinical severity and functional outcome in the ATACH‐2 trial intracerebral hemorrhage population (2021)

Limited by the enrollment criteria of the ATACH-2 trial, we showed that radiomics features quantifying hematoma texture, density, and shape on baseline CT can provide imaging correlates for clinical presentation and 3-month outcome. These findings couldtrigger a paradigm shift where imaging biomarkers may improve current modelsfor prognostication, risk-stratification, and treatment triage of ICH patients.
Computer algebra for solving dynamics problems of piezoelectric robots with large number of joints (2011)

The application of general control theory to complex mechanical systems represents an extremely difficult problem. If industrial piezoelectric robots have large number of joints, development of new control algorithms is unavoidable in order to achieve high positioning accuracy. The efficiency of computer algebra application was compared with the most popular methods of forming the dynamic equations of robots in real time. To this end, a computer algebra system VIBRAN was used. Expressions for the generalized inertia matrix of the robots have been derived by means of the computer algebra technique with the following automatic program code generation. As shown in the paper, such application could drastically reduce the number of floating point product operations that are required for efficient numerical simulation of piezoelectric robots.
Ionization reactions of halogens and metal polyhalides with alkali atoms and dimers: Absolute cross sections (1980)

Absolute cross sections for the chemi-ionization of K2 and Cs2 with F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, SnCl4, MoF6, and UF6, and of K and Cs with UF6, are measured. A supersonic alkali beam passes through a gas cell and the product ions are measured. The relative error in the cross sections is about 30% while the absolute values are within a factor of two. For the halogens the cross sections (in Å2) range from 111 for Cs2–Br2 to 0.07 for Cs2–F2. An explanation is offered for these large differences. The dimer cross sections with the polyhalides range from 6 to 0.06. With UF6 the cross sections with K and Cs are much smaller than those for K2 and Cs2.
Collisional deactivation studies of the XeF* (<i>B</i>) state by He, Xe, NF3, and F2 (1978)

Measurements of the rates of quenching of XeF* (B) by He, Xe, NF3, and F2 are reported in this paper. Photolyzing XeF2 in the presence of the desired diluent gas resulted in the single-step, collisionless formation of XeF* (B), allowing exponential decay studies of the B state population to be made. The large three body quenching rate measured for xenon (∼2.4×10−29 cm6 sec−1) supports the existence of the trimer Xe2F*. Also, for a given pressure, NF3 quenches XeF(B) ∼13 times slower than does F2.
A list of complete mtDNA based lineages established for all frequently present variants in the Jewish communities studied (2015)

a&lt;p&gt;The sign &gt; is used in all communities in which estimates for the community size is available only upon moving from the Diaspora. Due to recent intra-Jewish admixture contemporary estimation of the number of people descending from the original total are not available.&lt;/p&gt;b&lt;p&gt;Hg names in italic fonts indicate them to be prospective candidates of clades to be defined properly in the future&lt;/p&gt;c&lt;p&gt;Stralike denote a phylogenetic cluster in which the derivatives are one step away from the central node.&lt;/p&gt;d&lt;p&gt;Coding region hierarchy was observed in these lineages&lt;/p&gt;e&lt;p&gt;Lineage was shared among Iraqi and Iranian Jews&lt;/p&gt;f&lt;p&gt;Coding region hierarchy was observed in these lineages and suggested two sub-clades. Coalescence analysis for the two sub-clades is shown.&lt;/p&gt;g&lt;p&gt;Lineage was shared among Libyan and Tunisian Jews&lt;/p&gt;h&lt;p&gt;The Ashkenazi data follows Behar et al. &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002062#pone.0002062-Behar3" target="_blank"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;