gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Quality Control of the ITG <sup>68</sup>Ge/<sup>68</sup>Ga Generator and Synthesis of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATOC and <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC for Clinical Imaging (2016)

The GMP-certified (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator system was studied for a year. The generator system is contained within the fluidic labeling module, and it is compact, self-shielded, and easy to operate using simple manual techniques. The system provides radiolabeled peptides with high (>98%) radiochemical purity and greater than 80% radiochemical yield. The (68)Ge levels in the final drug products were under the detection limits at all times. (68)Ga-DOTATOC and (68)Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC investigational radiopharmaceuticals are currently being studied clinically under investigational new drug (IND) applications submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Syntheses of Sulfoxide Derivatives in the Benzodiazine Series. Diazines. Part 37. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Seizures in Children (2007)

1. Philippe Major, MD*
2. Elizabeth A. Thiele, MD, PhD*


 

1. *Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 

1. Formulate an appropriate diagnostic plan for a child who has seizures.

2. Discuss the management of epilepsy.

The initial article on seizures in childhood (October 2007) focused on the diagnosis and classification of seizures in children. This second article reviews investigational tools and management. The evaluation of a child who has a seizure disorder must be tailored to the findings on history and physical examination. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the primary electrophysiologic tool; brain neuroimaging is the primary modality for evaluating neuroanatomic and functional features.

The EEG can help confirm the clinical diagnosis of epilepsy, classify the type of epilepsy, localize the epileptic focus, and help determine if treatment can be discontinued safely. In general, 21 electrodes placed on specific locations on the patient's scalp measure voltage fluctuations of superficial neurons in relation to time. Figure 1 shows the position and labeling of the scalp electrodes; Figures 2through ⇓⇓⇓6 show examples of typical EEG tracings. Generalized epileptic syndromes are characterized by discharges recorded simultaneously at each electrode; partial epilepsy syndromes show localized spikes or slowing in the epileptogenic region. Epilepsy is a clinical diagnosis that cannot be made on the basis of abnormal EEG findings. In fact, EEG abnormalities can be found in 5% of children who have no history of seizures.



 Figure 1. 
Scalp electrode positions for EEG. By convention, electrodes labeled with an even number are placed over the right hemisphere, and odd-numbered electrodes are placed over the left hemisphere. Fp=frontopolar, F=frontal, T=temporal, C=central, P=parietal, O=occipital, z=midline





 Figure 2. 
Normal EEG tracing showing a reactive posterior alpha (9-Hz) rhythm in an 8-year-old boy who has no history of seizures. The slow waves observed in the frontal areas are associated with eye movements.





 Figure 3. 
EEG tracing showing frequent independent left and right …
A Physical Model for Understanding the Activation of MoS <sub>2</sub> Basal‐Plane Sulfur Atoms for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2020)

Weak binding of hydrogen atoms to the 2H-MoS<sub>2</sub> basal plane renders MoS<sub>2</sub> inert as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Transition-metal doping can activate neighboring sulfur atoms in the MoS<sub>2</sub> basal plane to bind hydrogen more strongly. Our theoretical studies show strong variation in the degree of activation by dopants across the 3d transition-metal series. To understand the trends in activation, we propose a model based on the electronic promotion energy required to partially open the full valence shell of a local S atom and therefore enable it to bond with a H atom. In general, the promotion is achieved through an electron transfer from the S to neighboring metal-atom sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate a specific, electronic-structure-based descriptor for the hydrogen-binding strength: Δ<sub>dp</sub> , the local interband energy separation between the lowest empty d-states on the dopant metal atoms and occupied p-states on S. This model can be used to provide guidelines for chalcogen activation in future catalyst design based on doped transition-metal dichalcogenides.
Enhanced Error Decoding from Error-Related Potentials using Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Error-related potentials are considered an important neuro-correlate for monitoring human intentionality in decision-making, human-human, or human-machine interaction scenarios. Multiple methods have been proposed in order to improve the recognition of human intentions. Moreover, current brain-computer interfaces are limited in the identification of human errors by manual tuning of parameters (e.g., feature/channel selection), thus selecting fronto-central channels as discriminative features within-subject. In this paper, we propose the inclusion of error-related potential activity as a generalized two-dimensional feature set and a Convolutional Neural Network for classification of EEG-based human error detection. We evaluate this pipeline using the BNCI2020 - Monitoring Error-Related Potential dataset obtaining a maximum error detection accuracy of 79.8% in a within-session 10-fold cross-validation modality, and outperforming current state of the art.
Broadband cubic phase correction with Gires-Tournois Interferometers (1988)

Ultrashort optical pulses in the regime of 10 fs or less are very susceptible to frequency-dependent phase errors as a result of their large bandwidth. We have designed, constructed, and tested devices which provide negative quadratic group delay correction (cubic phase) in a broadband centered about 620 nm. These devices are Gires-Tournois interferometers 1 which we operate exactly on the first resonance, consisting of a single high index layer of TiO 2 , 70.1 nm thick, on specifically selected low dispersion broadband high efficiency substrates in S polarization. We have selected two kinds of substrate for their broadband high reflectance and low frequency-dependent group delay errors: single-stack dielectrics, and thin dielectric stacks on metal films. The substrates are critical to the device operation. We measure the frequency dependence of the group delay with 1-fs accuracy using a white-light interferometric technique. 2 These devices will be useful for ultrashort pulse generation, compression, and measurement applications.
Global Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Data Analysis of Triacylglycerols in the Molten State (Part I) (2018)

The study of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in their molten state is of fundamental importance for a deeper understanding of the TAG crystallization processes, being highly relevant for both manufacturing and medical applications. Although different models have been proposed to explain the nanostructured nature of the fluid state of TAGs, none of them are fully satisfactory. In this paper, we propose a new model consisting of positionally uncorrelated lamellar TAG assemblies embedded in an isotropic medium that assist as prenucleating structures. This model was validated by applying a novel global fitting method, resulting in an excellent agreement with the small-angle X-ray scattering data. A deeper analysis of the scattering patterns at different temperatures, both in cooling and heating directions, allowed us further to detect the crystalline traces of TAGs even after heating to 40 °C and record, on cooling, the onset of crystallization at 30-25 °C. The application of the presented novel model not only explains the outstandingly structured fluid of molten TAGs, but also lays the basis for analyzing first the crystallization steps in greater detail, which is outlined in our follow-up paper "Global Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Data Analysis of Triacylglycerols in the α-Phase (Part II)".
A micro-scale printable nanoclip for electrical stimulation and recording in small nerves (2017)

Our nerve interface addresses key challenges in interfacing with small nerves in the peripheral nervous system. Its small size, ability to remain on the nerve over sub-chronic timescales, and ease of implantation, make it a promising tool for future use in the treatment of disease.
Reward value of loved familiar faces: an FMRI study (2013)

We have known since decades about the positive influence of social support and positive emotions on health. Different hypothesis have been made in order to understand the relationship between these factors and physiological and psychological indexes&#13;\nof health and wellbeing. One of these hypothesis suggest that secure, caring and loving environments act as safety cues that&#13;\nactivates the reward system and inhibits defensive reactions. Previous studies from our lab have shown that viewing loved familiar faces activates the appetitive motivational system and inhibits defensive responses. In these study we compared central&#13;\nactivation during the passive viewing of loved familiar faces with the activation associated with other highly rewarding stimuli&#13;\n(attractive faces). Our results show that loved familiar faces provoked a higher activation of the brain reward system, e.g. the&#13;\nmedial orbitofrontal cortex.
Electrical transport dissipation effects in epitaxial Y sub 1 Ba sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub 7-x thin films (1989)

Reoperative intervention in patients with mesh at the hiatus is associated with a high need for esophageal resection. More than two thirds of the patients also had a recurrent hiatal hernia.
Thin Film Polymer Composite Scintillators for Thermal Neutron Detection (2013)

Thin film polystyrene composite scintillators containing <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>L</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>i</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>F</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> and organic fluors have been fabricated and tested as thermal neutron detectors. Varying fluorescence emission intensities for different compositions are interpreted in terms of the Beer-Lambert law and indicate that the sensitivity of fluorescent sensors can be improved by incorporating transparent particles with refractive index different than that of the polymer matrix. Compositions and thicknesses were varied to optimize the fluorescence and thermal neutron response and to reduce gamma-ray sensitivity. Neutron detection efficiency and neutron/gamma-ray discrimination are reported herein as functions of composition and thickness. Gamma-ray sensitivity is affected largely by changing thickness and unaffected by the amount of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>L</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>i</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>F</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> in the film. The best neutron/gamma-ray discrimination characteristics are obtained for film thicknesses in the range 25–150 μ m.
Restriction site insertion-PCR (RSI-PCR) for rapid discrimination and typing of closely related microbial strains (1999)

Taking advantage of point mutations between DNA sequences of closely related microbial strains, PCR primers modified with respect to the target sequence at positions 2–5 near the 3′ end were designed to obtain a fragment harbouring an artificial restriction site specific for a given strain. The modified forward primer coupled with a specific reverse primer allows for the amplification of DNA fragments which can be digested with the specific endonuclease only in those strains where the restriction site is inserted by the DNA polymerase. The effectiveness of the method, named restriction site insertion-PCR (RSI-PCR), was tested on isolates of the ‘Bacillus cereus group’ for the rapid typing and discrimination of these closely related strains.
Evidence for the regulation of exocytic transport by protein phosphorylation. (1992)

We investigated the effects of the protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and microcystin-LR upon transport of newly synthesized proteins through the exocytic pathway. Treatment of CHO cells with 1 microM okadaic acid rapidly inhibited movement of a marker protein (vesicular stomatitis virus G protein) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi compartment. Both okadaic acid and microcystin-LR also inhibited transport in an in vitro assay reconstituting movement to the Golgi compartment, at concentrations equivalent to those required to inhibit phosphorylase phosphatase activity. Inhibition both in vivo and in vitro could be antagonized by protein kinase inhibitors, suggesting that protein phosphorylation was directly responsible for this effect. An early stage in the transport reaction associated with vesicle formation or targeting was inhibited by protein phosphorylation, which could be reversed by fractions enriched in protein phosphatase 2A. Protein kinase antagonists did not inhibit transport between sequential compartments of the exocytic pathway in vitro, suggesting that protein phosphorylation is not itself required for vesicular transport. During mitosis, vesicular transport is inhibited simultaneous to the activation of maturation-promoting factor. It is proposed that the inhibition caused by okadaic acid and microcystin-LR involves a similar mechanism to that responsible for the mitotic arrest of vesicular transport.
Supplementary Legend from A Phase Ib Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Study of NUC-1031 in Combination with Carboplatin for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Legend&lt;/p&gt;
Marker polypeptide differences between spontaneous strongly and weakly metastatic cancer cells identified by 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (1988)

A recent 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis study revealed several polypeptide differences between a strongly metastatic and a weakly metastatic clone from a single chemically induced murine fibrosarcoma (Jellum et al., 1984). To exclude the possibility that this was merely coincidental, the study is extended here to 2 other fibrosarcomas recently and similarly induced in mice of the same inbred strain. Metastatic potential was defined by the number of lung metastases spontaneously formed from a transplanted primary footpad tumor. One strongly (or moderately) metastatic cell line and I weakly metastatic line from each of the 3 fibrosarcomas were examined in the same experiments. In confirmation of our previous results, the same polypeptides consistently occurred in considerably greater amounts in the weakly metastatic than in the strongly metastatic cells. One of these marker polypeptides was absent from the strongly metastatic cell lines. In comparison with 2 of the 3 most metastatic lines, the third line was only moderately metastatic, and differed least strongly from the 3 weakly metastatic cell lines with regard to expression of th marker polypeptides. Marker polypeptide expression showed no consistent correlation with tumorigenicity. No other consistent polypeptide differences between strongly metastatic and weakly metastatic cells could be identified among the approximately 2,000 cellular polypeptides separated on the gels.
Optimal design of grid-interfaced EV chargers with integrated generation (2012)

The penetration of plug-in electric vehicles and renewable distributed generation is expected to increase over the next few decades. Large scale unregulated deployment of either technology can have detrimental impact on the electric grid. However, appropriate pairing of these technologies along with some storage could mitigate their individual negative impacts. This paper presents a framework and an optimization methodology for designing grid-interfaced systems that integrate electric vehicle chargers, distributed generation and storage. To demonstrate its usefulness, this methodology is applied to the design of optimal architectures for a residential charging case. It is shown that, given current costs, maximizing grid power usage minimizes system lifecycle cost. However, depending upon the location's solar irradiance patterns, architectures with solar photovoltaic generation can be more cost effective than architectures without.
Differential codebook for general rotated dual-polarized MISO channels (2012)

It is crucial to have accurate channel state information at the transmit side to achieve the maximum performance in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, especially for multi-user systems. Frequency division duplexing systems based on limited feedback facilitate this, but these techniques are reliant on carefully design codebooks that are optimized for various antenna deployment scenarios. In this paper we discuss the channel model for rotated-dual-polarized (RDP) antenna systems and propose an efficient way of designing practical differential codebooks for RDP scenarios. We assess the performance of the proposed differential codebook design technique by simulations, and it is shown that codebooks designed by the proposed technique outperform conventional fixed and differential codebooks with small number of codewords.
Loss of Endothelial Furin Leads to Cardiac Malformation and Early Postnatal Death (2012)

In mammals, seven proprotein convertases (PCs) cleave secretory proteins after basic residues, and four of them are called furin-like PCs: furin, PC5, PACE4, and PC7. In vitro, they share many substrates. However, furin is essential during development since deficient embryos die at embryonic day 11 and exhibit multiple developmental defects, particularly defects related to the function of endothelial cells. To define the role of furin in endothelial cells, an endothelial cell-specific knockout (ecKO) of the Furin gene was generated. Newborns die shortly after birth, indicating that furin is essential in these cells. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that ecKO embryos exhibit ventricular septal defects (VSD) and/or valve malformations. In addition, primary cultures of wild-type and ecKO lung endothelial cells revealed that ecKO cells are unable to grow. Growth was efficiently rescued by extracellular soluble furin. Analysis of the processing of precursors of endothelin-1 (ET-1), adrenomedullin (Adm), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) confirmed that ET-1, Adm, and TGF-β1 are in vivo substrates of endothelial furin. Mature ET-1 and BMP4 forms were reduced by ~90% in ecKO purified endothelial cells from lungs.
Size-Dependent Electrochemical Behavior of Thiol-Capped CdTe Nanocrystals in Aqueous Solution (2005)

Electrochemical studies of thiol-capped CdTe nanocrystals in aqueous solution have demonstrated several distinct oxidation and reduction peaks in the voltammograms, with the peak positions being dependent on the size of the nanocrystals. While the size dependence of the reduction and one of the oxidation potentials can be attributed to altering the energetic band positions owing to the quantum size effect, an extraordinary behavior was found for the oxidation peak observed at less positive potentials. In contrast to a prediction based on the quantum size effect, this peak moves to more negative potentials as the nanocrystals' size decreases. Moreover, the contribution of the charge associated with this peak compared to the total charge passed during the nanocrystal oxidation correlates well with the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of individual fractions of the CdTe nanocrystals. These experimental observations allow a peak to be assigned to the oxidation of Te-related surface traps. The intra-band-gap energy level assigned to these Te-related trap states shifts toward the top of the valence band as the nanocrystal size increases, thus allowing the higher photostability of the larger nanocrystals to be explained. At a certain nanocrystal size, the trap level can even move out of the band gap.
Improved frame-layer rate control for H.264 using MAD ratio (2004)

In recent years, rate control plays an increasing important role in real-time video communication applications using MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. An important step in many existing rate control algorithms, which employs the quadratic rate-distortion (R-D) model, is to determine the target bits for each P frame. This paper aims in improving video distortion, due to high motions or scene changes, by more accurately predicting frame complexity using the statistics of previously encoded frames. We use mean absolute difference (MAD) ratio as a measure for global frame encoding complexity. Bit budget is allocated to frames according to their MAD ratio, combined with the bits computed based on their buffer status. Simulation results show that the H.264 coder, using our proposed algorithm with virtually little computational complexity added, effectively alleviates PSNR surges and sharp drops for frames caused by high motions or scene changes.
Clustering analysis of clinical variables in U-BIOPRED adult asthma cohort (2014)

Background: Asthma is now recognized as a heterogeneous collection of distinct phenotypes. We aimed to uncover potential asthma phenotypes through clustering of clinical variables in the pan-European U-BIOPRED cohort. Methods: Clinical data from subjects classified as severe (n=209) or non-severe (n=51) asthmatics [Bel et al. Thorax 2011] were analyzed through hierarchical clustering, k-means or partitioning around medoids. Quality of the results was assessed by bootstrapping analysis, also known as consensus clustering [Monti et al.Machine Learning 2003]. Results: Using a reduced set of 16 clinical variables, stable preliminary results were obtained, indicative of potentially new asthma phenotypes. K-means analysis of the 260 mild to severe asthma subjects identified 4 stable clusters (Table), defined mainly by baseline lung function, bronchodilator response and asthma control. Table: U-BIOPRED clusters with the most discriminating variables Cluster (n) 1 (92) 2 (69) 3 (69) 4 (30) pvalue FEV1 % predicted 75.3±9.5 99.8±9.9 50.9±10.2 46.2±14.6 1.3e-21 FVC % predicted 93.6±10.0 114.0±11.3 75.1±9.1 65.8±17.2 5.5e-20 ΔFEV1 after bronchodilator (%) 13.4±8.6 6.7±6.7 15.6±12.8 45.4±33.2 7.4e-12 ACQ_7 2.0 (0.6-4) 1.0 (0.1-2.9) 2.9 (1.1-4.3) 3.0 (1.4-4.1) 1.1e-16 Conclusion: This preliminary analysis shows that clinical variables from the U-BIOPRED cohort can be used to derive phenotypic asthma clusters that are similar but not identical to previously published ones. The significance and stability of these clusters are being benchmarked through topology data analysis and will be further examined in an unrelated asthma cohort, ADEPT. Funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (U-BIOPRED n°115010; eTRIKS n°115446).