gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying Hot Spots in Electronics Packages with a Sensitivity-Coefficient Based Inverse Heat Conduction Method (2019)

Inverse heat conduction methods can be used to estimate the location and intensity of heat sources in electronics, but often there is a tradeoff in computational cost and accuracy of the retrieved heat fluxes and temperatures. This is exacerbated when the exact size and locations of heat sources within the device are unknown. This paper demonstrates the applicability of an inverse sensitivity coefficient method to locate hotspots and estimate associate hot spot temperatures for a commercial electronics package. The sensitivity coefficients are computed with a steady-state, 3-D finite volume model in FloTHERM. In this work, the locations and sizes of the heat sources are not initially known, thus, we impose a grid of potential heater source locations on one surface, and activate the heaters located under the hot spots visible in the temperature profile. The inverse model is validated with the results of a “numerical experiment” (i.e., solving the direct problem in FloTHERM and using the temperature maps as input to the inverse solver) and used to identify hot spots in a commercial device using temperature maps acquired experimentally with infrared microscopy. While demonstrated here for a microelectronic device, this method is broadly applicable to other systems where the distribution of heat generation is unknown and limited only temperature measurements are experimentally possible including batteries and manufacturing processes.
The engineering design of ARC: A compact, highfield, fusion nuclear science facility and demonstration power plant (2015)

The affordable, robust, compact (ARC) reactor conceptual design study aims to reduce the size, cost, and complexity of a combined fusion nuclear science facility (FNSF) and demonstration fusion pilot power plant. ARC is a 200 MWe tokamak reactor with a major radius of 3.3 m, a minor radius of 1.1 m, and an on-axis magnetic field of 9.2 T. ARC is designed to use rare earth barium copper oxide (REBCO), a type of high-temperature superconductor (HTS), for its toroidal field coils. The use of HTS technology offers many advantages over traditional superconductors when applied to tokamak designs. REBCO superconductors in particular have orders of magnitude higher critical current density than traditional superconductors such as Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn at local fields greater than 20 T, enabling much higher fields to be used in the tokamak. The large allowable temperature range (up to ~90 K) of HTS allows the use of coolants other than helium and makes possible the design of joints in the toroidal field coils. This allows the vacuum vessel to be replaced quickly, lowering first wall survivability concerns and reducing the cost and operational implications of vessel failure during the experimental phase of the reactor. External current drive for ARC is provided by two inboard (high-field side) RF launchers using 25 MW of lower hybrid and 13.6 MW of ion cyclotron fast wave power. The resulting efficient current drive provides a robust, steady state core plasma far from disruptive limits. ARC uses an all-liquid blanket, consisting of low pressure, slowly flowing fluorine lithium beryllium (FLiBe) molten salt. The liquid blanket is low-risk technology and provides effective neutron moderation and shielding, excellent heat removal, and a tritium breeding ratio ≥ 1.1. The large temperature range over which FLiBe is liquid permits blanket operation at ~900 K with single phase fluid cooling and a high-efficiency Brayton cycle, allowing for net electricity generation when operating ARC as a pilot power plant. When coupled with a demountable compact reactor design, the immersion blanket allows the vacuum vessel to be a replaceable component, eliminating the need for complex sector maintenance. The modular design of ARC allows a single machine to initially serve as an experiment and then transition to a demonstration commercial reactor.
The architecture development facilitator (ADF) first year report (2007)

This document serves as the summary report on the first year's progress on the Architecture Development Facilitator (ADF) project covering the activities from December 15, 2005, to December 15, 2006.The ADF is intended to assist the Office of Network Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and its agents in the deployment of the Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN).ADF will serve as the repository of a set of predefined compatible health care IT components, called artifacts, which can then be combined to design, configure and deploy a large variety of health care IT system architectures.The design of ADF responds to the evolving nature of the NHIN by making absolutely no assumptions about the upper levels of the NHIN architecture and by not imposing any constraints on the architecture.An artifact is defined in ADF as either: (a) a service or system component of NHIN (service artifact) or (b) a unit of information interchanged between service artifacts (information unit artifact).Artifacts are represented in the ADF by a generic template applicable to all artifact types, type-specific template extensions for each type, and by the relationships between the artifacts.An example of the representation is presented in terms of the harmonized use cases released by the ONC.A sampling of distinct network architectures that may be configured from the sample set of artifacts is presented for illustrative purposes.Initial thoughts are summarized on a number of architectural issues considered during the past year that have not yet been fully developed, as well as the directions for the work we expect to undertake in the second year of the project.
Accelerated photodimerization of stilbenes in methanol and water (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAccelerated photodimerization of stilbenes in methanol and waterYoshikatsu Ito, Toru Kajita, Kazuhiko Kunimoto, and Teruo MatsuuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 3, 587–591Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00264a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00264a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views597Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stability of Classification in Sequential Allocation Analysis (1980)

The present paper is devoted to the analysis of some problems arising in sequential pattern recognition when a stopping criterion is considered. The problem of the reliability of the classification and of its “stability” when new measurements are performed is studied introducing the “probability of reversal”. The relationship between this probability and more familiar ones (probability of belonging to one out of m classes, probability of error of first and second kind) is outlined. Numerical data concerning a medical problem (various forms of liver diseases) are presented.
Evolution of a series of peptidoleukotriene antagonists: synthesis and structure/activity relationships of 1,3,5-substituted indoles and indazoles (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvolution of a series of peptidoleukotriene antagonists: synthesis and structure/activity relationships of 1,3,5-substituted indoles and indazolesVictor G. Matassa, Thomas P. Maduskuie Jr., Howard S. Shapiro, Barrie Hesp, David W. Snyder, David Aharony, Robert D. Krell, and Richard A. KeithCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 6, 1781–1790Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00168a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00168a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views838Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Altered expression of iron‐management proteins in the brain microvasculature of Restless Legs Syndrome (2008)

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common movement related sleep disorder affecting 5–10% of the general population. Although the pathogenesis of RLS is still unclear, MRI, postmortem brain tissue and CSF analyses consistently indicate that brain iron insufficiency is associated with RLS. Given the consistent evidence of insufficient brain iron in RLS, we hypothesized that the profile of iron management proteins in the brain microvasculature would be altered in RLS. To test the hypothesis, microvessels were isolated from the temporal cortex of five RLS and five control brains. The concentrations of H ferritin, L ferritin, mitochondrial ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR), transferrin, divalent metal transporter 1, ferroportin, and prohepcidin were determined by immunoblot assay. Our results reveal a significant decrease in the expression of HFRT in the microvessels from RLS compared to the controls indicating that there is low iron status in the endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier (BBB). There was also a significant decrease in the expression of transferrin and TfR in the microvasculature from the RLS brains. Normally, when a cell is iron deficient, TfR are elevated. The data are consistent with our position that there is a misregulation of TfR expression in RLS and imply that brain iron deficiency in RLS could begin at the level of transport across BBB.
Freewater estimatoR using iNtErpolated iniTialization (FERNET): Characterizing peritumoral edema using clinically feasible diffusion MRI data (2020)

Characterization of healthy versus pathological tissue in the peritumoral area is confounded by the presence of edema, making free water estimation the key concern in modeling tissue microstructure. Most methods that model tissue microstructure are either based on advanced acquisition schemes not readily available in the clinic or are not designed to address the challenge of edema. This underscores the need for a robust free water elimination (FWE) method that estimates free water in pathological tissue but can be used with clinically prevalent single-shell diffusion tensor imaging data. FWE in single-shell data requires the fitting of a bi-compartment model, which is an ill-posed problem. Its solution requires optimization, which relies on an initialization step. We propose a novel initialization approach for FWE, FERNET, which improves the estimation of free water in edematous and infiltrated peritumoral regions, using single-shell diffusion MRI data. The method has been extensively investigated on simulated data and healthy dataset. Additionally, it has been applied to clinically acquired data from brain tumor patients to characterize the peritumoral region and improve tractography in it.
Papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (1999)

Patients with papillary urothelial neoplasms of LMP have increased risks of local recurrence, progression, and death from bladder carcinoma. Long term clinical follow-up may be indicated for patient management.
Oxygen transfer in electrophilic epoxidation probed by<sup>17</sup>O NMR: differentiating between oxidants and role of spectator metal oxo (2018)

Peroxide compounds are used both in laboratory and industrial processes for the electrophilic epoxidation of olefins. Using NMR-spectroscopy, we investigate why certain peroxides engage in this type of reaction while others require activation by metal catalysts, <i>e.g.</i> methyltrioxorhenium (MTO). More precisely, an analysis of <sup>17</sup>O NMR chemical shift and quadrupolar coupling parameters provides insights into the relative energy of specific frontier molecular orbitals relevant for reactivity. For organic peroxides or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> a large deshielding is indicative of an energetically high-lying lone-pair on oxygen in combination with a low-lying σ*(O-O) orbital. This feature is particularly pronounced in species that engage in electrophilic epoxidation, such as peracids or dimethyldioxirane (DMDO), and much less pronounced in unreactive peroxides such as H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and ROOH, which can however be activated by transition-metal catalysts. In fact, for the proposed active peroxo species in MTO-catalyzed electrophilic epoxidation with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> an analysis of the <sup>17</sup>O NMR chemical shift highlights specific π- and δ-type orbital interactions between the so-called metal spectator oxo and the peroxo moieties that raise the energy of the high-lying lone-pair on oxygen, thus increasing the reactivity of the peroxo species.
Automated design of aircraft fuselage stiffeners using multiobjective evolutionary optimisation (2019)

This paper proposes an optimisation process for the design of aircraft fuselage stiffeners using evolutionary optimisation. A new design problem is developed to find a layout for fuselage stiffeners (rings and stringers) such that the structural mass, compliance, and the first-mode natural frequency can be optimised, subject to structural constraints. The stiffeners are modelled as beam elements. Three multiobjective meta-heuristics are employed to solve the problem, and a comparative study of the results of these optimisers is carried out. It is found that the proposed layout synthesis problem for aircraft fuselage stiffeners leads to a set of efficient structural solutions, which can be used at the decision-making stage. It is an automated design strategy with high potential for further investigation.
Characterization of Packaged 6.5 kV SiC PiN-Diodes up to 300 °C (2012)

Silicon Carbide bipolar diodes offer unique ultrafast switching behavior for high voltage and high power applications [1]. But due to the small chip size it is required to parallel a lot of dice and therefore it is necessary to get detailed information about the electrical and thermal behavior of single diodes. For the characterization in the full current and voltage regime we have developed a molded leadframe package. The package was designed with a lateral contact geometry and a high creepage distance of 20 mm, which enable us to characterize these diodes for high voltage applications. Forward and reverse I-V characteristics and turn-off behavior under hard switching conditions up to 300 °C are reported. Additionally the forward voltage stability and power cycling tests are discussed.
Robust adaptive control of nonlinear systems with unknown time delays (2005)

In this work, robust adaptive control is presented for a class of parametric-strict-feedback nonlinear systems with unknown time delays. Using appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, the uncertainties of unknown time delays are compensated for. Controller singularity problems are solved by employing practical robust control and regrouping unknown parameters. By using differentiable approximation, backstepping design can be carried out for a class of nonlinear systems in strict-feedback form. It is proved that the proposed systematic backstepping design method is able to guarantee global uniformly ultimately boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system and the tracking error is proven to converge to a small neighborhood of the origin.
Reassessment of the Correlation between the von Willebrand Factor Activity, the PFA-100®, and the Bleeding Time in Patients with von Willebrand Disease (2001)

Reassessment of the Correlation between the von Willebrand Factor Activity, the PFA-100®, and the Bleeding Time in Patients with von Willebrand Disease -
Multichannel fused EMG based biofeedback system with virtual reality for gait rehabilitation (2012)

Aim of this paper is to develop an EMG based biofeedback system using a virtual reality platform which will help in gait rehabilitation. A low power multichannel EMG acquisition unit has been developed to acquire EMG of six different muscles of the lower limb. EMG from different channels are fused using Bayesian fusion technique and spurious data has been discarded. From the fused EMG data, we calculate different gait parameters like stride time, gait phase etc. Joint trajectory during a gait cycle is obtained, digitized and combined with the gait parameters acquired from EMG. Together they are fed to a VR human model. Just like a person walks, the same EMG and trajectory data being fed to the model, it walks too mimicking the gait of the user, with the same speed, thus providing biofeedback to the user. The system has massive application in gait rehabilitation for post-stroke patients, people suffering from cerebral palsy and other neuro muscular gait defects, amputees etc.
Harnessing Unrecognizable Faces for Improving Face Recognition (2023)

The common implementation of face recognition systems as a cascade of a detection stage and a recognition or verification stage can cause problems beyond failures of the detector. When the detector succeeds, it can detect faces that cannot be recognized, no matter how capable the recognition system is. Recognizability, a latent variable, should therefore be factored into the design and implementation of face recognition systems. We propose a measure of recognizability of a face image that leverages a key empirical observation: An embedding of face images, implemented by a deep neural network trained using mostly recognizable identities, induces a partition of the hypersphere whereby unrecognizable identities cluster together. This occurs regardless of the phenomenon that causes a face to be unrecognizable, be it optical or motion blur, partial occlusion, spatial quantization, or poor illumination. Therefore, we use the distance from such an "unrecognizable identity" as a measure of recognizability, and incorporate it into the design of the overall system. We show that accounting for recognizability reduces the error rate of single-image face recognition by 58% at FAR=1e-5 on the IJB-C Covariate Verification benchmark, and reduces the verification error rate by 24% at FAR=1e-5 in set-based recognition on the IJB-C benchmark.
Fiber nonlinearity precompensation for long-haul links using direct-detection optical OFDM (2008)

The use of nonlinearity precompensation in direct-detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed links is investigated by simulation. Because of the presence of a strong optical carrier its performance is poorer than for coherent systems: with compensation the signal quality is found to vary almost periodically across the signal band. We propose and explain the operation of two optical, one electrical and one computational method of removing this periodic variation. Optical filtering of one sideband at the receiver is most effective, but a substantial improvement can be obtained by a simple modification to the precompensation algorithm.
The rôle of organometallic co‐catalysts in catalytic ziegler‐natta systems (1975)

Abstract The influence of triphenylphosphine and organoaluminium additives of various composition on the activity of titanium dichloride in polymerization of ethylene and propene as well as on the structure of the polypropylene obtained is studied. When these additives are introduced into highly active samples of TiCl 2 , the polymerization rate decreases, whereas the stereospecificity of the catalytic system increases. On the basis of these and earlier data, conclusions are drawn about the composition of active centers and about the role of organometallic cocatalysts in formation of active centers, in chain propagation, and in formation of stereoregular polymer.
O-Mannosylation is Required for Degradation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation Substrate Gas1*p via the Ubiquitin/Proteasome Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2007)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, protein O-mannosylation, which is executed by protein O-mannosyltransferases, is essential for a variety of biological processes as well as for conferring solubility to misfolded proteins. To determine if O-mannosylation plays an essential role in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded proteins, we used a model misfolded protein, Gas1*p. The O-mannose content of Gas1*p, which is transferred by protein O-mannosyltransferases, was higher than that of Gas1p. Both Pmt1p and Pmt2p, which do not transfer O-mannose to correctly folded Gas1p, participated in the O-mannosylation of Gas1*p. Furthermore, in a pmt1 Delta pmt2 Delta double-mutant background, degradation of Gas1*p is altered from a primarily proteasome dependent to a vacuolar protease-dependent pathway. This process is in a manner dependent on a Golgi-to-endosome sorting function of the VPS30 complex II. Collectively, our data suggest that O-mannosylation plays an important role for proteasome-dependent degradation of Gas1*p via the ERAD pathway and when O-mannosylation is insufficient, Gas1*p is degraded in the vacuole. Thus, we propose that O-mannosylation by Pmt1p and Pmt2p might be a key step in the targeting of some misfolded proteins for degradation via the proteasome-dependent ERAD pathway.
- A new and fast method to compute steady state in PD-SO1 circuits and its application to standard cells library characterization (2003)

In this paper. a fast and robust method to simulate the steady state equilibrium in Partially Depleted SO1 circuits is described. This method is presented through the evaluation of the history effect in a 0.13~ PD-SO1 technology dedicated to low powerllow voltage applications.