gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antileishmanial activity and tubulin polymerization inhibition of podophyllotoxin derivatives on Leishmania infantum (2017)

Leishmania microtubules play an important role not only in cell division, but also in keeping the shape of the parasite and motility of its free-living stages. Microtubules result from the self-assembly of alpha and beta tubulins, two phylogenetically conserved and very abundant eukaryotic proteins in kinetoplastids. The colchicine binding domain has inspired the discovery and development of several drugs currently in clinical use against parasites. However, this domain is less conserved in kinetoplastids and may be selectively targeted by new compounds. This report shows the antileishmanial effect of several series of compounds (53), derived from podophyllotoxin (a natural cyclolignan isolated from rhizomes of Podophyllum spp.) and podophyllic aldehyde, on a transgenic, fluorescence-emitting strain of Leishmania infantum. These compounds were tested on both promastigotes and amastigote-infected mouse splenocytes, and in mammalian - mouse non-infected splenocytes and liver HepG2 cells - in order to determine selective indexes of the drugs. Results obtained with podophyllotoxin derivatives showed that the hydroxyl group at position C-7α was a structural requisite to kill the parasites. On regards podophyllic aldehyde, derivatives with C9-aldehyde group integrated into a bicyclic heterostructure displayed more potent antileishmanial effects and were relatively safe for host cells. Docking studies of podophyllotoxin and podophyllic aldehyde derivatives showed that these compounds share a similar pattern of interaction at the colchicine site of Leishmania tubulin, thus pointing to a common mechanism of action. However, the results obtained suggested that despite tubulin is a remarkable target against leishmaniasis, there is a poor correlation between inhibition of tubulin polymerization and antileishmanial effect of many of the compounds tested, fact that points to alternative pathways to kill the parasites.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of rac‐Hippospongic Acid A and Revision of the Structure. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Designed Antimicrobial Peptides for Topical Treatment of Antibiotic Resistant Acne Vulgaris (2020)

Acne vulgaris, caused by the Gram-positive bacterium <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>, is a prevalent dermatologic condition with substantial cutaneous and psychological morbidity. Mild acne is treated with topical antibiotics with more severe inflammatory forms requiring the prolonged use of oral antibiotics, resulting in antimicrobial resistance development. Innovative treatment alternatives, providing complete microbicidal eradication with minimal safety issues and limited susceptibility to microbial resistance, are fervently sought. Designed antimicrobial peptides (dAMPs) are engineered analogs of naturally occurring AMPs that possess a reduced likelihood of developing bacterial resistance. Seven novel dAMP sequences were screened for in vitro bactericidal effectiveness against antibiotic resistant <i>C. acnes</i> clinical isolates. Five peptides (RP444, RP551, RP554, RP556, and RP557) exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial activity. The Therapeutic Index, a measure of specificity for killing multidrug resistant <i>C. acnes</i> over mammalian cells, was determined using bioluminescent human keratinocytes. The Therapeutic Index was highest for the disulfide dAMP, RP556, with a value of 130. The lead dAMP candidate RP556, was further evaluated in a multidrug-resistant <i>C. acnes</i> intradermal murine infection model. A topical application of 5 mg/mL RP556 (0.5%) eliminated infection. If these preclinical results are translated clinically, dAMPs may become a viable topical monotherapy for the treatment of recalcitrant acne infections.
Report on Radiation Damage Effects in a Titanium Target Under Photon Irradiation (2002)

Following the same approach as with the W-Re targets [l], we have calculated the damage induced by photon irradiation (22.1 MeV average energy) in titanium targets. Stefan Roesler calculated, using FLUKA [2] the spallation products, neutrons and fission products from the interaction of the photons with the titanium target. Using these initial values of energies and positions, we calculated the number of defects produced per incoming photon. It should be noted that the threshold displacement energy for defect production of Titanium as measured experimentally is between 21 and 30 eV [3]. We used a value of 25eV. This is a much lower value than for the case of W-alloys (90 eV) which implies a larger defect production for the same deposited energy in the case of Titanium. The number of defects for different neutron energies was calculated using SPECTER [4] Figure 1(a) shows the number of defects as a function of energy for the case of Ti as compared to W, in Figure 1(b). The number of defects is much larger in the Ti case due to the low threshold displacement energy as explained.
Automated timing model generation (2002)

The automated generation of timing models from gate-level netlists facilitates IP reuse and dramatically improves chip-level STA runtime in a hierarchical design flow. In this paper we discuss two different approaches to model generation, the design flows they lend themselves to and results from the application of these model generation solutions to large customer designs.
Optimization of pH-Weighted Contrasts in the Spinal Cord using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI (2023)

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a degenerative disease of the spine that leads to compression and neurological dysfunction. Recovery after surgery can be impacted by hypoxia in the cord, however the magnitude of this effect is currently unknown. Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) can produce contrast related to tissue pH, an indicator of hypoxia, but the method works best at ultra-high fields. Performing CEST in the spinal cord is also complicated by respiratory and cardiac motion and cerebrospinal fluid flow. The purpose of this work was to optimize pH-weighted CEST imaging in the human spinal cord at 3 Tesla.
Transcriptional vulnerabilities of striatal neurons in human and rodent models of Huntington’s disease (2023)

Striatal projection neurons (SPNs), which progressively degenerate in human patients with Huntington's disease (HD), are classified along two axes: the canonical direct-indirect pathway division and the striosome-matrix compartmentation. It is well established that the indirect-pathway SPNs are susceptible to neurodegeneration and transcriptomic disturbances, but less is known about how the striosome-matrix axis is compromised in HD in relation to the canonical axis. Here we show, using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data from male Grade 1 HD patient post-mortem brain samples and male zQ175 and R6/2 mouse models, that the two axes are multiplexed and differentially compromised in HD. In human HD, striosomal indirect-pathway SPNs are the most depleted SPN population. In mouse HD models, the transcriptomic distinctiveness of striosome-matrix SPNs is diminished more than that of direct-indirect pathway SPNs. Furthermore, the loss of striosome-matrix distinction is more prominent within indirect-pathway SPNs. These results open the possibility that the canonical direct-indirect pathway and striosome-matrix compartments are differentially compromised in late and early stages of disease progression, respectively, differentially contributing to the symptoms, thus calling for distinct therapeutic strategies.
AUTOMATIC SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION USING A CO-OCCURRENCE BASED APPROACH (1998)

This paper presents an algorithm based on co-occurrence matrices for the automatic analysis of images. This includes the simultaneous segmentation of images into key regions and the detection of the main boundaries. The texture is described using discrete Hermite functions to decompose co-occurrence matrices of the segmented regions and are subsequently labelled using neural network based classifiers. Local consistency of interpretation of the analysis is imposed using relaxation labelling techniques. The algorithm presented is generally applicable to a wide range of imaging domains and applications with only minor variations on the basic theme, for example, the incorporation of a priori knowledge in an intelligent manner to ensure that parameters are adapted to the particular applications. Experimental results are presented for 2 scenarios: scene analysis of a sequence of infrared images taken from a low flying aircraft and the analysis of snow profiles for the assessment of snowpack stability.
Visual perspective taking in young and older adults (2018)

Background: Advanced age is associated with difficulties in understanding the emotional or mental state of others. However, little is known about the underlying cognitive processes that may contribute. We investigate how perspective taking changes in older adults and how this relates to executive and social cognition.Method: Using a novel visual perspective taking (VPT) task, 50 healthy older adults and 122 healthy young adults completed measures of implicit VPT (i.e. egocentric-perspective only) and level one (i.e number of balls seen from egocentric/allocentric) and two (i.e. more balls on left or right from egocentric/allocentric) explicit VPT. Age differences on accuracy and response time (RT) were analysed. Baseline executive and social cognitive functioning were assessed for processing speed, updating, response inhibition, set-switching, affective theory of mind (ToM), and social-emotional cognition. Regression models were used to determine the relationship between VPT, executive, social cognition and ageing. Results: Older adults were slower when required to switch to the allocentric perspective in both level one and two VPT tasks. Congruency effects (impaired performance when scenes were incongruent with the alternate perspective) were identified for accuracy and RT for the egocentric and allocentric conditions of both level one and two explicit VPT. Older adults also displayed a greater congruency effect during the egocentric trials of the level two VPT task. Younger adults displayed a greater congruency effect for errors on the egocentric condition of the level one VPT task. Congruency effect for errors on the allocentric condition of both level one and two VPT tasks correlated with social emotional cognition, such that a greater ability to inhibit the egocentric perspective was associated with better social cognitive performance. Switching to the allocentric perspective was associated with both processing speed and response inhibition and these partially, but not completely, explained the age-related effects on switch cost. A robust implicit VPT effect was identified in both young and older adults. Conclusion: Social difficulties may arise in older adults due to difficulty switching to the allocentric perspective. A greater tendency to rotate into allocentric perspectives during egocentric judgements may reflect a weaker embodied self in older adults. Executive and social cognition are associated with perspective taking ability, but these only partially explain age-related performance differences. Lower level perspective taking difficulty should be considered in studies of social difficulties in advanced age.
Effect of pyrophosphate on the dechlorination of tetrachloroethene by the Fenton reaction (1998)

Abstract The effectiveness of Fenton's reagent for the remediation of contaminated sandy soils is affected by the precipitation and sorption of Fe species in soil/water systems. We investigated the ability of pyrophosphate to maintain Fe in solution and thus enhance the dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) by the Fenton reaction. The results of the experiments showed that pyrophosphate could significantly increase the concentrations of Fe in aqueous solutions and enhance the dechlorination of PCE. The dechlorination rate of PCE in the presence of pyrophosphate was found to decrease with time, which was attributed to both the conversion of Fe(II) to Fe(III) and the decrease of aqueous Fe concentration. In comparison to organic chelating agents, pyrophosphate appeared to be more stable and thus catalyzed the dechlorination of PCE for a longer time. The extended dechlorination (&amp;gt;120 h) was attributed to the solubilization of Fe and the stabilization of H2O2 caused by the addition of pyrophosphate.
Theoretical Basis for the Calculation of Press Fit Connections in Track Links of Undercarriages for Construction Machinery (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A functional design of press fit connections in track links of construction machine undercarriages is only possible on a theoretical basis. Fundamental equations to this end shall be presented and discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Medley2K: A Dataset of Medley Transitions (2020)

The automatic generation of medleys, i.e., musical pieces formed by different songs concatenated via smooth transitions, is not well studied in the current literature. To facilitate research on this topic, we make available a dataset called Medley2K that consists of 2,000 medleys and 7,712 labeled transitions. Our dataset features a rich variety of song transitions across different music genres. We provide a detailed description of this dataset and validate it by training a state-of-the-art generative model in the task of generating transitions between songs.
Motion Driven Tonal Stabilization (2016)

This paper addresses the problem of tonal fluctuation in videos. Due to the automatic settings of consumer cameras, the colors of objects in image sequences might change over time. We propose here a fast and computationally light method to stabilize this tonal appearance, while remaining robust to motion and occlusions. To do so, a minimally viable color correction model is used, in conjunction with an effective estimation of dominant motion. The final solution is a temporally weighted correction, explicitly driven by the motion magnitude, both visually efficient and very fast, with potential to real time processing. Experimental results obtained on a variety of sequences outperform the current state of the art in terms of tonal stability, at a much reduced computational complexity.
Protein engineering strategies with potential applications for altering clinically relevant cellular pathways at the protein level (2016)

All diseases can be fundamentally viewed as the result of malfunctioning cellular pathways. Protein engineering offers the potential to develop new tools that will allow these dysfunctional pathways to be better understood, in addition to potentially providing new routes to restore proper function. Here we discuss different approaches that can be used to change the intracellular activity of a protein by intervening at the protein level: targeted protein sequestration, protein recruitment, protein degradation, and selective inhibition of binding interfaces. The potential of each of these tools to be developed into effective therapeutic treatments will also be discussed, along with any major barriers that currently block their translation into the clinic.
Corrosion Resistances of Iron-Based Amorphous Metals with Yttrium and Tungsten Additions in Hot Calcium Chloride Brine &amp; Natural Seawater: Fe48Mo14Cr15Y2C15B6 and W-Containing Variants (2007)

Yttrium-containing SAM1651 (Fe48.0Cr15.0Mo14.0B6.0C15.0Y2.0), has a critical cooling rate (CCR) of approximately 80 Kelvin per second, while SAM2X5 (Fe49.7Cr17.7Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8Si2.4) with no yttrium has a higher critical cooling rate of approximately 600 Kelvin per second. SAM1651's low CCR enables it to be rendered as a completely amorphous material in practical materials processes. Chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) provide corrosion resistance; boron (B) enables glass formation; and rare earths such as yttrium (Y) lower critical cooling rate (CCR). The passive film stability of these Fe- based amorphous metal formulations have been found to be superior to that of conventional stainless steels, and comparable to that of Ni-based alloys, based on electrochemical measurements of the passive film breakdown potential and general corrosion rates.
An Efficient Algorithm for Concurrent Priority Queue Heaps. (1994)

We present a new algorithm for concurrent access to array-based priority queue heaps.Deletions proceed top-down as they do in a previous algorithm due to Rao and Kumar 6], but insertions proceed bottom-up, and consecutive insertions use a bit-reversal technique to scatter accesses across the fringe of the tree, to reduce contention.Because insertions do not have to traverse the entire height of the tree (as they do in previous work), as many as O(M) operations can proceed in parallel, rather than O(logM) on a heap of size M. Experimental results on a Silicon Graphics Challenge multiprocessor demonstrate good overall performance for the new algorithm on small heaps, and signi cant performance improvements over known alternatives on large heaps with mixed insertion/deletion workloads.
Rate estimation via maximum likelihood parameter estimation: Application in fast mode-selection within the H.264/AVC (2008)

In this paper a novel method to estimate the required bits for representing the coded (quantized) coefficients within a block of natural video sequences is proposed. The proposed method assumes a parameterized probabilistic model for coded data and utilizes a maximum likelihood parameter estimation technique to estimate the model's parameters. The proposed method achieves a robust estimation of the rate based on the estimated probability of each coefficient based on zero order entropy. The rate estimation via maximum likelihood parameter estimation enjoys lower computational complexity, compared to the actual entropy coding of the data. For the purpose of rate estimation we consider a number of options to estimate the parameters of the probabilistic model of coded data. In the context optimal mode selection within the H.264/AVC video codec, the rate estimation method is used to estimate a Lagrangian rate-distortion cost which would be minimized for the optimal mode. The experimental results show that the proposed method considerably reduces the computational complexity while maintaining almost the same rate-distortion coding efficiency compared to mode selection using the actual rate.
Extracellular proteins of Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 downregulates pro-inflammatory mediators in IBD patients (2018)

Trabajo presentado en el IX Workshop de la Sociedad Española de Probióticos y Prebióticos (SEPyP), celebrado en Zaragoza (España) el 15 y 16 de febrero de 2018
Hydrodynamic mobility of confined polymeric particles, vesicles and\n cancer cells in a square microchannel (2017)

The transport of deformable objects including polymer particles, vesicles and\ncells, has been a subject of interest for several decades where the majority of\nexperimental and theoretical studies have been focused on circular tubes. Due\nto advances in microfluidics, there is a need to study the transport of\nindividual deformable particles in rectangular microchannels where corner flows\ncan be important. In this study, we report measurements of hydrodynamic\nmobility of confined polymeric particles, vesicles and cancer cells in a linear\nmicrochannel with square cross-section. Our operating conditions are such that\nthe mobility is measured as a function of geometric confinement over the range\n0.3 &lt; l &lt; 1.5 and at specified particle Reynolds numbers that are within 0.1 &lt;\nRep &lt; 2.5. The experimental mobility data of each of these systems is compared\nwith the circular-tube theory of Hestroni, Haber and Wacholder (J. of Fluid\nMech., 1970) with modifications made for a square cross-section. For polymeric\nparticles, we find that the mobility data agrees well over a large confinement\nrange with the theory but under predicts for vesicles. The mobility of vesicles\nis higher in a square channel than in a circular tube, and does not depend\nsignificantly on membrane mechanical properties. The mobility of cancer cells\nis in good agreement with the theory up to l approaches 0.8, after which it\ndeviates. Comparison of the mobility data of the three systems reveals that\ncancer cells have higher mobility than rigid particles but lower than vesicles,\nsuggesting that the cell membrane frictional properties are in between a\nsolid-like interface and a fluid bilayer. We explain further the differences in\nthe mobility of the three systems by considering their shape deformation and\nsurface flow on the interface. The results of this study may find potential\napplications in drug delivery and biomedical diagnostics.\n
Non-thermal DBD plasma array on seed germination of different plant species (2018)

Abstract A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor producing cold plasma at atmospheric pressure has been used to treat seeds of eight different species and investigate their responses in term of germination. The device is made of nine cylindrical DBDs organized in a array and partially immersed in water. O 2 , N 2 , and air were flown in the device; the cold plasma from such gas is formed in the bubbles and touch liquid surface. Seeds were either located inside the water during plasma treatment process (direct treatment) or were watered by the water exposed to cold plasma beforehand (indirect treatment). Such plasma activated water contains reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. The statistical analysis shows that the probability of germinating of treated mung bean, mustard and radish is significantly higher than in control groups ( p &lt; 0.05) for indirect treatments. A comparison of different treatment modalities (direct versus indirect treatment and gas composition) on germination boost has been completed on mung bean seeds. It is shown that direct plasma treatment using different gas (O 2 , N 2 , and air) give a strong enhancement of the mung bean germination probability compared to the control group; in the case of indirect treatment, only plasma air-treated water lead to a significant germination boost compared to the control group; this effect is still smaller than the one obtained using a direct treatment.
Decreased sugar concentration in vegetable and fruit juices by growth of functional lactic acid bacteria (2017)

Leuconostoc carnosum #7-2, L. gelidum #4-2, and L. mesenteroides 8/11-3, which were isolated from fermented plant foods, are lactic acid bacteria. We previously reported that these bacteria are functional lactic acid bacteria whose innate immunity-stimulating activities are high based on a silkworm muscle contraction assay. The concentrations of these three lactic acid bacteria increased to more than 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> colony forming units (cfu)/mL in various vegetable and fruit juices when the pH values were appropriately adjusted. As the bacteria grew in the vegetable and fruit juices, the pH decreased and the concentrations of total sugars and glucose also decreased. These findings suggest that these functional lactic acid bacteria can be used to produce vegetable and fruit juices with reduced sugar levels, which is expected to be beneficial for human health.