gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Evaluation for Multiple Functions of Pt‐loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Deposited on a Photocathode (2019)

Abstract Pt‐loaded TiO 2 nanoparticles (Pt/TiO 2 ) were deposited on a near‐infrared responsive photocathode as a reaction field for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution from water. The multiple functions of the Pt/TiO 2 layer for improving the PEC performances were evaluated by electrochemical methods. Considering the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of Pt, the Pt/TiO 2 surface modification was revealed to increase the number of active sites (Pt), resulting in a decreased current density per active site. Consequently, the potential of the Pt/TiO 2 ‐modified photocathode surface during the PEC reaction was expected to be located around 38–46 mV vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode (mV RHE ), while that of the unmodified one was negatively shifted to around 13 mV RHE . In addition, the TiO 2 layer also functioned to block the migration of holes to the photocathode‐electrolyte interface due to its deep valence band position, as well as to improve the wettability of the photocathode surface during light irradiation. These combined effects of the TiO 2 , as a transparent and conductive support, enhanced the photocurrent, and stability of the photocathode.
[Experimental evaluation of the critical size of the myocardial reverberator]. (1986)

Two independent experimental methods for estimating the minimal size of myocardium where a rotating wave could still arise (the crucial wave size) were proposed and realized. The first one was based on measuring the wavelength, the second--on the determination of the crucial size of an unexcited obstacle. The crucial rotating wave size in the myocardium without an obstacle was shown to increase under lidocaine effect.
Time-resolved photon migration in bi-layered tissue models (2005)

In this article, we describe a novel Monte Carlo code for time-integrated and time-resolved photon migration simulations of excitation and fluorescent light propagation (with reabsorption) in bi-layered models of biological tissues. The code was experimentally validated using bi-layered, tissue-simulating phantoms and the agreement between simulations and experiment was better than 3%. We demonstrate the utility of the code for quantitative clinical optical diagnostics in epithelial tissues by examining design characteristics for clinically compatible waveguides with arbitrarily complex source-detector configurations. Results for human colonic tissues included a quantitative comparison of simulation predictions with time-resolved fluorescence data measured in vivo and spatio-temporal visualizations of photon migration characteristics in tissue models in both two- and three-dimensions for source-detector configurations, including variable waveguide spacing, numerical aperture, and diameter. These results were then extended from surface point spectroscopy to imaging modalities for both time-gated (fluorescence lifetime) and steady-state (fluorescence intensity) experimental conditions. To illustrate the flexibility of this computational approach, time-domain results were extended to simulate predictions for frequency-domain instrumentation. This work is the first demonstration and validation of a time-domain, multi-wavelength photon transport model with these capabilities in layered turbid-media.
Coherent Fiber Optic Sensors for Impact Feature Assessment in Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) (2019)

Structural health monitoring (SHM) combines sensors, signal processing and modelling strategies to perform the automated diagnosis of damages and impacts in a wide range of engineering structures, including mechanical, aerospace and civil applications. In particular, impact monitoring adopts both active and passive approaches to estimate impact occurrences. Active monitoring relies on the propagation of ultrasonic Lamb waves inside the damaged specimen, while passive monitoring analyses the strain signals generated by the impact itself to provide information about impact location and force [1,2]. In this latter case, impact localization is typically performed by evaluating the time of arrival of strain signals at different sensor positions. Yet still, it has not been widely addressed how to estimate the kind of impact on the basis of received signals. Indeed, this information is essential to evaluate the severity of the damage and the actual need for an intervention. In this work, fiber optic technology, now increasingly taken into account in SHM, has been adopted to perform passive impact tests and evaluate the peculiarities between different kinds of impacts on GFRP structure. The proposed sensing approach relies on standard optical fibers combined to a highly sensitive coherent detection scheme [3] whose feasibility for active SHM of ultrasonic strain waves in aluminium specimen has already been proved [4].
Short or Long Sleep Duration and CKD: A Mendelian Randomization Study (2020)

These findings support an adverse effect of a short sleep duration on kidney function. Clinicians may encourage patients to avoid short-duration sleeping behavior to reduce CKD risk.
The effect of co-treatments of chemotherapeutic drugs and curcumin on cytotoxicity and FLT3 protein expression in leukemic stem cells (2021)

Abstract This study aims to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of the combination treatment of a drug and curcumin (Cur) on leukemic stem cell and leukemic cell lines, including KG-1a and KG-1 (FLT3 + LSCs), EoL-1 (FLT3 + LCs), and U937 (FLT3 − LCs). The cytotoxicity of co-treatments of Dox or Ida at concentrations of the IC 10 – IC 80 values and each concentration of Cur at the IC 20 , IC 30 , IC 40 , and IC 50 values (conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4) was determined by MTT assays. Dox–Cur and Ida-Cur increased cytotoxicity in leukemic cells. Dox–Cur co-treatment showed additive effects in several conditions. The effect of this co-treatment on FLT3 expression in KG-1a, KG-1, and EoL-1 cells was examined by Western blotting. Dox–Cur decreased FLT3 protein levels and total cell numbers in all the cell lines. By contrast, the FLT3 protein levels and total cell number after Cur treatment did not show significant differences as a result of the co-treatments. Dox–Cur decreased FLT3 protein expression in a dose dependent manner. In summary, Cur was the effective compound in inhibiting FLT3 protein expression. Co-treatment with Dox–Cur could enhance the cytotoxicity of Dox by inhibiting the proliferation of AML leukemic stem cells.
FGF21-Mediated Improvements in Glucose Clearance Require Uncoupling Protein 1 (2015)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-mediated weight loss and improvements in glucose metabolism correlate with increased uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) levels in adipose tissues, suggesting that UCP1-dependent thermogenesis may drive FGF21 action. It was reported that FGF21 is equally effective at reducing body weight and improving glucose homeostasis without UCP1. We find while FGF21 can lower body weight in both wild-type and Ucp1 knockout mice, rapid clearance of glucose by FGF21 is defective in the absence of UCP1. Furthermore, in obese wild-type mice there is a fall in brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature during glucose excursion, and FGF21 improves glucose clearance while preventing the fall in BAT temperature. In Ucp1 knockout mice, the fall in BAT temperature during glucose excursion and FGF21-mediated changes in BAT temperature are lost. We conclude FGF21-mediated improvements in clearance of a glucose challenge require UCP1 and evoke UCP1-dependent thermogenesis as a method to increase glucose disposal.
High-Performance Multipath Mitigation Using the Synergy of Composite GPS Signals (2003)

Starting with the narrow correlator in 1992, the development of GPS signal processing techniques to reduce pseudorange and phase measurement errors due to multipath have met with varying degrees of success. Some of these methods are effective in mitigating error caused by far multipath, when secondary propagation paths are delayed by more than 20-30 meters relative to the direct path. Unfortunately, however, none of the signal processing techniques currently used in GPS receivers solves the problem of close-in multipath, in which relatively short secondary path delays are experienced. Close-in multipath is particularly troublesome for two reasons related to the nature of the secondary path signals. These signals can be very strong due to reflection from the ground or other objects close to the receiver antenna. Additionally, their small relative delays make it difficult to distinguish them form the desired direct path signal. In general, the result is an ill-conditioned parameter estimation problem. The newly-developed civil and military modernized GPS signal structures offer the possibility of improved receiver-based multipath mitigation in high-performance differential positioning systems. Last year this author presented in [1] an ultimate performance limit for each modernized signal and a practical algorithm for achieving it. Worst-case residual errors with close-in multipath were shown to be almost an order of magnitude below that obtained with current popular mitigation methods. The ultimate performance limits for receiver-based multipath mitigation in [1] are based on the assumption that only one type of GPS signal is used to make the pseudorange and/or carrier phase estimates. It is clear that simultaneous use of more than one signal type should drive these limits toward a smaller error. This paper demonstrates a high-performance multlipath mitigation algorithm based on simultaneous reception of the L2 civil and L5 civil GPS signals, using maximum likelihood estimation of both code- and carrier-based pseudorange. The performance of the algorithm is substantially better than that obtained in [1] from either L2 or L5 alone.
Synergistic effects of phenolics and carotenoids on human low‐density lipoprotein oxidation (2007)

Low-density lipoprotein oxidation is believed to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and therefore a high resistance of LDL against oxidation may prevent atherogenesis and accompanying disorders. Several secondary plant metabolites have been tested for their ability to prevent oxidation of LDL and many phenolics as well as carotenoids have been shown to enhance LDL oxidation resistance. We showed that the quercetingylcoside rutin is able to inhibit copper-induced formation of conjugated dienes and loss of tryptophan fluorescence in LDL. However, enrichment of LDL with the carotenoids lutein or lycopene did not result in an alleviation of LDL oxidation. Since there is an agreement that not one antioxidant alone can lead to health benefits but the combination, as found for example in fruits and vegetables, is the active principle, we tested whether the combination of a phenolic compound (i. e. rutin) and carotenoids (i.e. lutein or lycopene) leads to synergistic effects. Both combinations were shown to exert supra-additive protection of LDL towards oxidation, which is most likely due to different allocation of the antioxidants in the LDL-particle and to different mechanisms of antioxidant action.
Nanocomposite Capacitors in Power Electronics and Multiferroics: Prospects for the Future of Nanopackaging and Beyond (2018)

Nanocomposites are of great interest to electronic packaging, and the opportunities are readily comprehended. First is the ability to integrate materials cheaply, with better performance, miniaturization, and reliability for a wide range of applications, including embedded passives (capacitors, resistors), low-k materials, adhesives (electrically conductive adhesives), interconnects, and thermal interface materials [1].
Efficient CD44-targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of breast cancer cells using hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified MnFe2O4 nanocrystals (2013)

Targeted molecular imaging with hyaluronic acid (HA) has been highlighted in the diagnosis and treatment of CD44-overexpressing cancer. CD44, a receptor for HA, is closely related to the growth of cancer including proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis. For the efficient detection of CD44, we fabricated a few kinds of HA-modified MnFe2O4 nanocrystals (MNCs) to serve as specific magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents (HA-MRCAs) and compared physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and the CD44 targeting efficiency. Hydrophobic MNCs were efficiently phase-transferred using aminated polysorbate 80 (P80) synthesized by introducing spermine molecules on the hydroxyl groups of P80. Subsequently, a few kinds of HA-MRCAs were fabricated, conjugating different ratios of HA on the equal amount of phase-transferred MNCs. The optimized conjugation ratio of HA against magnetic content was identified to exhibit not only effective CD44 finding ability but also high cell viability through in vitro experiments. The results of this study demonstrate that the suggested HA-MRCA shows strong potential to be used for accurate tumor diagnosis.
Thin-films -- Stresses and mechanical properties 7 (1998)

This volume is divided into the following parts: (1) Novel Testing Methods; (2) Low-Load Indentation; (3) Metallization and Reliability; (4) Structural and Mechanical Stability; (5) Stresses and Mechanical Behavior I; (6) Surface and Tribological Properties; (7) Adhesion; (8) Deformation Mechanisms; (9) Stresses and Mechanical Behavior II; (10) Stresses in Thin Films: Generation Mechanisms and Measurement Techniques; (11) Modeling and Simulations; (12) Multilayered and Superlattice Thin Films; and (13) Structure - Property - Processing Relationships. Separate abstracts were prepared for most of the papers.
Diamond Phononic Crystals with Silicon-Vacancy Centers at Cryogenic Temperatures (2021)

We fabricate phononic crystals in single-crystal diamond hosting silicon vacancy centers. We demonstrate high mechanical Q-factors (&gt; 10,000) from localized 10 GHz-frequency mechanical modes in a dilution refrigerator (T &lt; 1K).
Effect of Birth Parameters on Retinal Vascular Caliber (2009)

Recent studies reported an association between smaller birth size and narrower retinal vascular caliber, but it remains unclear whether this association is attributed to confounding by shared environment or genetic factors. At a mean age of 9.3 years, 266 twins (49 monozygotic and 84 dizygotic pairs) in the Twins Eye Study in Tasmania underwent an ophthalmic examination including retinal photography. Retinal vascular caliber was measured using a validated protocol. The majority of these twins were also in the Tasmanian Infant Health Study, which prospectively collected data on birth parameters and antenatal maternal factors. We conducted the main analysis using linear mixed models, accounting for birth set clustering. Both the within-pair (-9.73; 95% CI: -14.68 to -4.77 microm per 5-cm decrease in birth length) and between-pair associations (-7.15; 95% CI: -11.54 to -3.01) with retinal arteriolar caliber were significant and of similar magnitude (difference in effect, P=0.61), after adjusting for age, sex, maternal smoking, mean arterial blood pressure, and other confounders. These associations remained within dizygotic and monozygotic pairs. Analyses of head circumference and retinal arteriolar caliber were similar to those of birth length (within-pair regression coefficient: -2.41; 95% CI: -5.09 to 0.28; between-pair regression coefficient: -2.60; 95% CI: -5.00 to -0.19). For birth weight, only a between-pair association was evident (-7.28; 95% CI: -13.07 to -1.48). This study demonstrates a consistent association between smaller birth size and narrower retinal arterioles in twins. The independent effect of shorter birth length on retinal arteriolar caliber supports a role for twin-specific supply line factors affecting fetal growth on vascular structure.
Substituted Cyclopropenium Salts as Photoinitiators for Cationic Polymerization of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (2001)

A new series of triarylcyclopropenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)gallates (I) were synthesized by anion exchange. These salts are photoacid generators from which we have measured the rates of acid release using the indicator Quinaldine Red (QR). Electron-donating substituents on the aromatic ring slow the rate of photoacid release. Cationic photopolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) was also examined. With 1 wt % triphenylcyclopropenium (TPCP) gallate, 90% of conversion of GPE was achieved within 20 min irradiation at 300 nm. The polymerization afforded polyGPE with Mw of 4100−8100. The initiating species was identified as a proton produced from photolysis of the triarylcyclopropenium cation.
Modelling soil-water interaction with the material point method. Evaluation of single-point and double-point formulations (2018)

Many problems in geotechnical engineering involve large deformations and soil-water interactions, which pose challenging issues in computational geomechanics. In the last decade, the Material Point Method (MPM) has been successfully applied in a number of large-deformation geotechnical problems and multi-phase MPM formulations have been recently proposed. In particular, there exist two advanced coupled hy-dro-mechanical MPM approaches to model the interaction between solid grains and pore fluids: the single-point and the double-point formulation. The first discretizes the soil-water mixture with a single set of ma-terial points (MP) which moves according to the solid velocity field. The latter uses two sets of MP one for the fluid phase and the other for the solid phase and they move according to the respective velocity field. The aims of this work is to present and compare the two theories, to emphasize their limitations and poten-tialities, and to discuss their applicability in the geotechnical field. To this end, the results of two numerical examples carried out by using both formulations are presented: a 1D-consolidation problem and a saturated column collapse problem.
Outcomes of Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Following Relapse After First Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) (2012)

Abstract 4215 Background: Outcomes of SCT in adult ALL have improved over the past decade. However, for patients (pts) who relapse after SCT, the prognosis is poor and treatment options are limited; the clinical course and prognostic factors affecting these pts are not well characterized. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of relapsed adult ALL pts who underwent first SCT between 1993–2011. The objectives of the study were to assess outcome after salvage therapy in these pts and to investigate the prognostic factors affecting outcome. Out of 365 ALL pts who underwent first SCT, 123 pts relapsed and received further treatment. Outcome was assessed since the date of relapse until death or last follow-up. Results: The median time to relapse was 4.4 months (mo.) (0.4–38.5 mo.) from first SCT. With a median follow up of 11 mo. (0.1 mo. -9 years) from time of relapse, the actuarial OS at 6 mo. was 35% (27–44%). First salvage treatments and median OS after relapse were: second SCT (n=19, OS 10 mo.) or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) (n=11, OS 6.5 mo.) with or without prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy for extramedullary only relapse (n=6, OS 3 mo.), cytoreductive chemotherapy (n=30, OS 4 mo.), mild chemotherapy (n=27, OS 4 mo.) and palliative care (n=23, OS 1 mo.). Mild chemotherapy was defined as combinations of steroids and vincristine, single cytotoxic agents such as clofarabine or nelarabine, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, hypomethylating agents, or monoclonal antibody therapies. Seven pts were lost to follow-up. Following the first salvage treatment, 47 pts (38%) went into complete remission (CR). The CR rate was higher in the HSCT, radiotherapy and DLI groups (84%, 83% and 64% respectively) compared with the mild chemotherapy (41%) and cytoreductive chemotherapy (27%) groups. In a univariate analysis for survival (Table 1), adverse factors included active disease at time of first SCT and short time to relapse from first SCT ( 10% at relapse) had significantly worse 6-mo. OS compared to pts with 0/1 adverse factor ( p =0.009). Presence of isolated extra-medullary relapse was not associated with improved OS compared to pts with systemic relapse. Second SCT was found to be correlated with improved outcome compared with cytoreductive chemotherapy ( p =0.003). Among the pts who received treatment and were evaluable for response (n=86), achievement of CR after first salvage was the most significant predictor of survival ( p =0.001). In bivariate analysis, this benefit was shown to be independent of performing second SCT. Conclusion: Prognosis of ALL pts who relapse following SCT remains poor. However, second SCT may allow long term survival in a small subset of pts. Longer time to progression after first SCT and successful induction of CR following first salvage treatment are associated with improved survival post relapse. We corroborated the EBMT prognostic score for pts experiencing relapse after HSCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Vasopressin‐stimulated [<sup>3</sup>H]‐inositol phosphate and [<sup>3</sup>H]‐phosphatidylbutanol accumulation in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (1992)

1. The characteristics of vasopressin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCh) hydrolysis were examined in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), by assessing the formation of [3H]-inositol phosphates ([3H]-IP) and the accumulation of the phospholipase D (PLD) specific product, [3H]-phosphatidylbutanol ([3H]-PtdBuOH). 2. Vasopressin ([Arg8]-VP) and a number of related analogues stimulated the accumulation of [3H]-IP and [3H]-PtdBuOH with similar EC50 values, generating the same rank order of potency for each response (Arg8-VP = vasotocin = Lys8-VP much greater than oxytocin). 3. Inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated [3H]-IP and [3H]-PtdBuOH accumulation by the V1a receptor antagonists, Des-Gly9[beta-mercapto-beta,beta,-cyclopentamethylene propionyl, O-Et-Tyr2,Val4,Arg8]-vasopressin generated similar IC50 values suggesting that both these responses are mediated through the activation of a single V1a receptor subtype. 4. The onset of vasopressin-stimulated inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) mass formation preceded [3H]-PtdBuOH accumulation indicating that PtdCh hydrolysis was activated subsequent to PtdIns(4,5)P2 breakdown. 5. The protein kinase C (PKC) activator, tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) also stimulated [3H]-PtdBuOH accumulation. Preincubation with the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220 abolished both TPA- and vasopressin-stimulated [3H]-PtdBuOH, suggesting that the intermediate activation of protein kinase C is involved in the regulation of PLD by vasopressin. 6. Pretreatment of the A10 VSMC with Ro-31-8220 (100 microM) also potentiated vasopressin-stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 mass formation.Therefore stimulation of PKC may have opposing roles in the regulation of agonist activation of PLC and PLD.7. Preincubation of the cells with EGTA, verapamil, or the receptor-operated calcium channel antagonist, SK&F 96365, reduced vasopressin-stimulated [3H]-PtdBuOH accumulation by approximately 30%, suggesting that influx of calcium has a significant role to play in the regulation of vasopressinstimulated PLD activity.