gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liver‐related mortality in human‐immunodeficiency‐virus‐infected patients between 1995 and 2003 in the French GERMIVIC Joint Study Group Network (MORTAVIC 2003 Study)* (2006)

The objective of the present study was to determine mortality because of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) in a nationwide population of HIV-infected patients, 7 years following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). All departments of internal medicine and infectious diseases from the GERMIVIC Study Group prospectively recorded all deaths in HIV-infected patients during 2003. Fifty-nine departments, following a total of 20 940 HIV-infected patients, participated in the study. Results were compared with those of previous surveys conducted using similar methodology in 1995, 1997 and 2001. Among 215 deaths observed during 2003, 101 (46.9%) were related to AIDS, 27 (12.6%) to ESLD and 87 (40.5%) to other causes. Mortality because of ESLD represented 23.7% of non-AIDS-related deaths. Patients dying from ESLD had chronic hepatitis because of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 92.6% of cases and moderate (30-60 g) or high (>60 g) alcohol consumption (43.5% and 26.0%, respectively). In this population, deaths because of ESLD were 1.5% in 1995, 6.6% in 1997, 14.3% in 2001 and 12.6% in 2003. The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma as a cause of death remained high in 2003 but stable when compared with 2001 (25%vs 14.8%). Treatment of hepatitis C in patients who died from ESLD was more frequent in 2003 (44.4%) than in 2001 (26.3%). Seven years after the introduction of HAART, ESLD associated with HCV infections is a leading cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients, which did not increase between the years 2001 and 2003.
ChemInform Abstract: Sila‐biperiden and endo‐Sila‐biperiden: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Antimuscarinic Properties. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hollisterite (Al<sub>3</sub>Fe), kryachkoite (Al,Cu)<sub>6</sub>(Fe,Cu), and stolperite (AlCu): Three new minerals from the Khatyrka CV3 carbonaceous chondrite (2017)

Our nanomineralogy investigation of the Khatyrka CV3 carbonaceous chondrite has revealed three new alloy minerals—hollisterite (IMA 2016-034; Al_3Fe), kryachkoite [IMA 2016-062; (Al,Cu)_6(Fe,Cu)], and stolperite (IMA 2016-033; AlCu)—in section 126A of USNM 7908. Hollisterite occurs only as one crystal with stolperite, icosahedrite, and khatyrkite, showing an empirical formula of Al_(2.89)Fe_(0.77)Cu_(0.32)Si_(0.02) and a monoclinic C2/m structure with a = 15.60 Å, b = 7.94 Å, c = 12.51 Å, b = 108.1°, V = 1472.9 Å^3, Z = 24. Kryachkoite occurs with khatyrkite and aluminum, having an empirical formula of Al5.45Cu0.97Fe0.55Cr0.02Si0.01 and an orthorhombic Cmc21 structure with a = 7.460 Å, b = 6.434 Å, c = 8.777 Å, V = 421.3 Å^3, Z = 4. Stolperite occurs within khatyrkite, or along with icosahedrite and/or hollisterite and khatyrkite, having an empirical formula of Al_(1.15)Cu_(0.81)Fe_(0.04) and a cubic Embedded Image structure with a = 2.9 Å, V = 24.4 Å^3, Z = 1. Specific features of the three new minerals, and their relationships with the meteorite matrix material, add significant new evidence for the extraterrestrial origin of the Al-Cu-Fe metal phases in the Khatyrka meteorite. Hollisterite is named in honor of Lincoln S. Hollister at Princeton University for his extraordinary contributions to earth science. Kryachkoite is named in honor of Valery Kryachko who discovered the original samples of the Khatyrka meteorite in 1979. Stolperite is named in honor of Edward M. Stolper at California Institute of Technology for his fundamental contributions to petrology and meteorite research.
Harvest of triplet excitons in fluorescence emission layer based on a wide band gap host of TcTa for efficient white organic light emitting diodes (2007)

Selective energy transfer from triplet states of the fluorescent blue emission layer to a red phosphorescent dye in a neighbored triplet harvesting layer has been achieved, which has provided improved efficiency with emissions from fluorescent and phosphorescent dyes. First of all, it is crucial to find a wide band gap host for a fluorescent blue emission layer which has larger triplet state band gap than green or red phosphorescent dye. It was found that TcTa is a good wide band gap host for fluorescent blue dopant(BD) and a efficient blue device was obtained. A phosphorescent red dopant (RD) was introduced into a neighboring electron transporting layer to harvest triplet states in the fluorescent blue emission layer and by optimizing the distance between the blue emission layer and the red triplet harvesting layer, we have succeeded in obtaining the balanced emission of the blue and the red emissions with high efficiency from the device structure of NPB/TcTa:BD/BAlq/BAlq:RD/BAlq/LiF/Al. The device showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 16 % at 0.1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 13 % of external quantum efficiency, (0.29, 0.23) of CIE coordinates and 920 cd/m<sup>2</sup> at 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. To realize RGB WOLED, a fluorescent green dopant was introduced into the blue emission layer. The RGB WOLED was successfully obtained through optimization of doping concentration for green dopant and it showed 10 % of external quantum efficiency, (0.36, 0.36) of CIE coordinates and 1400 cd/m<sup>2</sup> at 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>.
Variation in Fetal Weight Percentile Estimates (2022)

Estimated fetal weight percentiles are only very rough predictors of the actual percentile. We therefore suggest that estimates of the weight percentile should be reported along with an estimate of the expected variation. Recognition of variations in weight percentile should be considered in the greater clinical context, and could potentially prevent misdiagnosis of growth restriction and macrosomia as well as the subsequent overutilization of resources, unnecessary interventions, and maternal stress.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Novel Functional Germline Variants in the VEGF Receptor 2 Gene and Their Effect on Gene Expression and Microvessel Density in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 30K, MVD and tumor histology. Panel A shows the log2-transformed MVD percentage of NSCLC samples from different tumor histologies (SCC = squamous cell carcinoma; AC = adenocarcinoma; LCC = large cell carcinoma; NOS = not otherwise specified). In panel B, Group 1 is composed of squamous cell carcinomas and NSCLCs not otherwise specified/mixed; Group 2 is composed of adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas. The result of a t-test examining the differences between the two groups is shown.&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of the Method of Classes and the Quadrature of Moment for the Modelling of Neodymium Oxalate Precipitation (2016)

Oxalic precipitation is generally used in the nuclear industry to deal with radioactive waste and recover the actinides from a multicomponent solution. To facilitate the development of experimental methods and data acquisitions, actinides are often simulated using lanthanides, gaining experience more easily. The purpose of this article is to compare the results achieved by two methods for solving the population balance during neodymium oxalate precipitation in a continuous MSMPR (Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal). The method of classes, also called discretized population balance, used in this study is based on the method of Litster. Whereas, the Quadrature Method of Moment (QMOM) is written in terms of the transport equations of the moments of the number density function. All the integrals are solved through a quadrature approximation thanks to the product-difference algorithm or the Chebyshev algorithm. Primary nucleation, crystal growth and agglomeration are taken into account. Agglomeration phenomena have been found to be represented by a loose agglomerates model. Thermodynamic effects are modeled by activity coefficients which are calculated using the Bromley model. The sizes of particles predicted by the two methods are in good agreement with experimental measurements.
A highly efficient 3.5 GHz inverse class-F GaN HEMT power amplifier (2010)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an inverse class-F power amplifier (PA) using a high power gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT). For a 3.5 GHz continuous wave signal, the measurement results show state-of-the-art power-added efficiency (PAE) of 78%, a drain efficiency of 82%, a gain of 12 dB, and an output power of 12 W. Moreover, over a 300 MHz bandwidth, the PAE and output power are maintained at 60% and 10 W, respectively. Linearized modulated measurements using 20 MHz bandwidth long-term evolution (LTE) signal with 11.5 dB peak-to-average ratio show that −42 dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACLR) is achieved, with an average PAE of 30%, −47 dBc ACLR with an average PAE of 40% are obtained when using a WCDMA signal with 6.6 dB peak-to-average ratio (PAR).
3D drill hole and geologic map database of the Flin Flon Mining District, Manitoba and Saskatchewan (2011)

A central objective of the Geological Survey of Canada third Targeted Geoscience Initiative Program (TGI3) was to update the geoscience knowledge base in VMS mining districts across Canada. Towards this objective a 3D modelling initiative was undertaken to enhance insight into the subsurface geology of the Flin Flon-Callinan-777 VMS ore system hosted in the Paleoproterozoic Flin Flon Belt of Central Manitoba and Saskatchewan. This Open File DVD publication presents relational and spatial databases populated with drill hole and geologic map data that were used to constrain the 3D geologic model of the Flin Flon exploration camp. The file contents of this DVD publication are listed in Appendix 1. The relational database (MS AccessTM format) archives 2769 surface and subsurface drill holes compiled from exploration drilling programs conducted from 1916 to recent by HudBay Minerals Inc. and previous operational firms exploring the Flin Flon-777-Callinan VMS ore system. It contains geological, geochemical and geophysical drill log data organized in eight thematic tables that are relationally linked to tables containing deviation log surveys and drill collar locations georeferenced in mine and UTM NAD83 coordinates. The MS AccessTM database also contains structural field and surface whole-rock geochemistry data acquired from the archives of legacy mapping projects and the recent TGI3 Flin Flon 1: 10000 scale geological mapping projects (Simard et al., 2010 and references therein). The spatial database (ESRITM geodatabase format) provides a comprehensive 3D geoscience GIS dataset of the Flin Flon exploration camp. It allows users to jointly visualize and analyze the drill hole data with geological and topographic map data in 2D ArcGIS and 3D ArcScene GIS environments. The 2D digital map data in the geodatabase were compiled from the digital archives of the TGI3 Flin Flon 1:10 000 scale geological mapping project (Simard et al., 2010). The geodatabase contains, in addition to the drill hole and digital map data, the 3D-modelled lithostratigraphic and fault surfaces found in the affiliated Open File Publication OF6313: "The 3D Flin Flon Knowledge Cube". OF6313 presents a 3D interactive geologic model of the exploration camp and a report that describes the geologic background, the employed 3D modelling methodology and a synthesis of the 3D modelling results (Schetselaar et al. 2010). These 3D model elements are also provided in AutocadTM .dxf format to facilitate import/export to various 3D modelling and 3D GIS software packages. The databases presented in this Open File report provide a multi-thematic and reconciled surface and subsurface geoscience dataset to support future mapping, exploration and 3D modelling initiatives in the Flin Flon mining district. They can also be used for testing 3D geologic modelling methods applicable to mineral exploration and hard-rock settings in general.
A 162 GHz Ring Resonator based High Resolution Dielectric Sensor (2020)

This paper introduces a high-resolution dielectric sensor at 162GHz. The proposed system consists of a fundamental oscillator as the transmitter, a ring resonator based dielectric sensor, and a low noise super-regenerative receiver. A sinusoidal tone, generated by the transmitter, passes through the sensor and gets different attenuation due to the resonant frequency shift resulting from materials of different dielectric constants. The super-regenerative receiver then detects the resulting small signal difference caused by different dielectric constants to complete the sensing operation. The active transmitter and receiver are fabricated in CMOS technologies. Thanks to the ring resonator's high sensitivity and receiver's ultra-low noise, the sensor can achieve the best dielectric constant sensing resolution of 3.10×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> at the frequency range above 100GHz. The sensing system consumes total of 9mW DC power.
Photophysics of novel conjugated polymers with alternating heteroaromatic rings: synthesis and applications (2004)

We report the design, syntheses, structure-property relationships, and applications of alternating copolymers containing heteroaromatic rings. Polymers with different structures were synthesized by Suzuki couplings of 1,4-phenyldiboronic acid with various dibromoarenes. The effect of heteroatoms was studied by comparing polymers containing biphenyl, bipyridine, bithiazole, or thienyl moieties. The changes in the polymer structure led to changes in singlet and triplet energies, absorption and emission properties, as well as energy transfer parameters. The effect of polymer structure on absorption maxima, emission properties, excimer formation, aggregate formation, as well as singlet and triplet energies were studied. Alternating copolymers of bipyridyl moieties gave rise to blue-emitting polymers with emission maxima at 410nm, where as the use of bithiazole moieties red-shifted the emission. All of these polymers can be used in polymer light-emitting devices as the emitting layers, where thienyl containing polymers can be used as hole transport layers. The polymers transferred energy efficiently to Coumarins and europium complexes, allowing for their potential use in longer wavelength emitting applications. The ability of bipyridine containing polymers for use as metal ion sensors was studied.
An Efficient Sampling Technique for Off-Line Quality Control (1997)

Abstract The basic setting of this article is that of parameter-design studies using data from computer models. A general approach to parameter design is introduced by coupling an optimizer directly with the computer simulation model using stochastic descriptions of the noise factors. The computational burden of these approaches can be extreme, however, and depends on the sample size used for characterizing the parametric uncertainties. In this article, we present a new sampling technique that generates and inverts the Hammersley points (a low-discrepancy design for placing n points uniformly in a k-dimensional cube) to provide a representative sample for multivariate probability distributions. We compare the performance of this to a sample obtained from a Latin hypercube design by propagating it through a set of nonlinear functions. The number of samples required to converge to the mean and variance is used as a measure of performance. The sampling technique based on the Hammersley points requires far fewer samples to converge to the variance of the derived distributions. An application to off-line quality control of a continuous-stirred tank reactor illustrates that the Hammersley points require up to 40 times fewer samples to converge to the variance of the derived distribution. KEY WORDS: Hammersley pointsSampling techniquesStochastic optimization
Application of Reliability Concept in Concrete Pavement Rehabilitation Decision Making (2005)

The application of reliability analysis during pavement design is essential to an understanding of the effects of variability on the quality of pavements so that those pavements can provide safe and comfortable service to the public. As well as being durable in service, these pavements must have minimum life-cycle costs (LCCs). Strategic analysis of pavement evaluation and repair (SAPER) software (Version 2.0) is an analysis tool developed on behalf of FHWA to assist with the evaluation and selection of appropriate strategies for the maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction (MRR) of concrete pavements at the project level, where design reliability is incorporated through a decision-making process (DMP). This paper describes the current practice for including reliability concepts in the SAPER software. It addresses the reliability approach used in a DMP and for prediction of pavement life extension for various distress models and the associated LCCs that incorporate reliability analysis for candidate MRR strategies. It shows that the reliability approach used in a DMP provides a simple, practical, and precise way to take into account the various factors that control pavement performance. The results for typical examples of pavement strategy selection approaches with various reliability parameters indicate that these parameters play an important role and must be considered through MRR strategy selection.
Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Marine-Foraging River Otters (Lontra canadensis) From the Puget Sound Georgia Basin Ecosystem (2007)

Species of Cryptosporidium and Giardia can infect humans and wildlife and have the potential to be transmitted between these 2 groups; yet, very little is known about these protozoans in marine wildlife. Feces of river otters (Lontra canadensis), a common marine wildlife species in the Puget Sound Georgia Basin, were examined for species of Cryptosporidium and Giardia to determine their role in the epidemiology of these pathogens. Using ZnSO4 flotation and immunomagnetic separation, followed by direct immunofluorescent antibody detection (IMS/DFA), we identified Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in 9 fecal samples from 6 locations and Giardia sp. cysts in 11 fecal samples from 7 locations. The putative risk factors of proximate human population and degree of anthropogenic shoreline modification were not associated with the detection of Cryptosporidium or Giardia spp. in river otter feces. Amplification of DNA from the IMS/DFA slide scrapings was successful for 1 sample containing > 500 Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts. Sequences from the Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA and the COWP loci were most similar to the ferret Cryptosporidium sp. genotype. River otters could serve as reservoirs for Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in marine ecosystems. More work is needed to better understand the zoonotic potential of the genotypes they carry as well as their implications for river otter health.
Electrical properties of epitaxial 3C- and 6H-SiC p-n junction diodes produced side-by-side on 6H-SiC substrates (1994)

3C-SiC (/spl beta/-SiC) and 6H-SiC p-n junction diodes have been fabricated in regions of both 3C-SiC and 6H-SiC epitaxial layers which were grown side-by-side on low-tilt-angle 6H-SiC substrates via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Several runs of diodes exhibiting state-of-the-art electrical characteristics were produced, and performance characteristics were measured and compared as a function of doping, temperature, and polytype. The first 3C-SiC diodes which rectify to reverse voltages in excess of 300 V were characterized, representing a six-fold blocking voltage improvement over experimental 3C-SiC diodes produced by previous techniques. When placed under sufficient forward bias, the SC-SiC diodes emit significantly bright green-yellow light while the 6H SiC diodes emit in the blue-violet. The 6H-SiC p-n junction diodes represent the first reported high-quality 6H-SiC devices to be grown by CVD on very low-tilt-angle (<0.5/spl deg/ off the (0001) silicon face) 6H substrates. The reverse leakage current of a 200 /spl mu/m diameter circular device at 1100 V reverse bias was less than 20 nA at room temperature, and excellent rectification characteristics were demonstrated at the peak characterization temperature of 400/spl deg/C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Encapsulation of Lemon Oil by Paste Method Using β-Cyclodextrin:  Encapsulation Efficiency and Profile of Oil Volatiles (1999)

Microencapsulation of lemon oil was undertaken by kneading with beta-cyclodextrin, at a beta-cyclodextrin to lemon oil ratio of 88:12 (w/w). The resulting paste samples of the complex were vacuum- or spray-dried. Ten selected lemon oil flavor volatiles (alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-pinene, beta-myrcene, limonene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, neral, and geranial) in the complex were analyzed periodically after 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min of kneading time. The results indicated that the levels of these volatiles were not significantly different (P > 0.05) irrespective of mixing time or type of the drying (vacuum- or spray-drying) used. An optimum mixing time was found to be 15 min, at which time the maximum encapsulation of lemon oil (97.7 mg/g of beta-cyclodextrin) was obtained in the complex powder.
Status Epilepticus in a Population‐based Virginia Twin Sample (2004)

These results provide a direct estimate of the frequency of SE in a defined population of twins and afford further evidence for a genetic contribution to risk for SE.
Coherent control of quantum-well excitons in a resonant semiconductor microcavity for high-speed all-optical switching (1996)

Coherent control of excitons in quantum wells embedded in a resonant planar semiconductor microcavity versus in quantum wells without the cavity at high repetition rates is investigated theoretically to determine the practical constraints for application in high bit-rate optical switching. It is shown that /spl pi/-shifted pulse pairs are optimal to coherently populate and depopulate the QW on the 100-fs timescale. For the cavity-free case, the small optical nonlinearity will require devices incorporating /spl sim/100 quantum wells; the resonant enhancement of the confined mode for the case of the cavity leads to an effective increase in the optical nonlinearity and thus a reduction of the required number of quantum wells to /spl sim/10. In addition, switch architectures that avoid interferometers, and thus will have superior temperature and mechanical stability, based on the microcavity are proposed. We believe that although room-temperature operation of a 100-Gb/s switch based on this principle may be difficult, operation at liquid-nitrogen temperature should be feasible.
The role of 6-[18F]fluorodopamine positron emission tomography in the localization of adrenal pheochromocytoma associated with von Hippel–Lindau syndrome (2007)

[(18)F]DA PET was found to show more promising results when compared with [(123/131)I]MIBG scintigraphy in the diagnostic localization of VHL-related adrenal pheochromocytoma, with a 100% rate of localization. Thus, [(18)F]DA PET in conjunction with CT/MRI should be considered as an effective method for the proper localization of VHL-related adrenal pheochromocytoma.