gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Performances of Modified Grade-Duplex Stainless Steel for Line Pipe Usage in Slightly Sour Environment (2015)

Abstract The corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) have been widely used as line pipes because of their corrosion resistance, availability and workability. They are used for flow the line material in corrosive wet gas-containing environments, i.e., containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Recently, a new duplex stainless steel containing 25mass%Cr- 5mass%Ni- 1mass%Mo- 2.5mass%Cu has been developed. Chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) are used because they can be considered as an alternative to molybdenum (Mo) in order to enhance the corrosion resistance. The developed material can provide sufficient sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance in slightly sour environment in spite of having lower Mo content than in existing duplex grades such as UNS S31803 (22Cr conventional duplex stainless steels). Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is mandatory for weldable 13Cr line pipes, but the developed material welded joints without PWHT show sufficient SCC resistance at elevated temperature as well as the SSC resistance at an intermediate temperature, 90°C. The most susceptible temperature for cracking is also investigated in this study. The purposes of this research are to assess the SSC resistance at as-welded conditions in slightly sour environment and evaluate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility at intermediate and elevated temperature. In addition, the hydrogen induced stress cracking susceptibility of the developed material was also investigated.
Synthesis of novel phytol-derived γ-butyrolactones and evaluation of their biological activity (2021)

The synthesis of phytol-derived γ-butyrolactones as well as their evaluation for deterrent activity towards peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae and antiproliferative activity against four selected cancer cell lines are reported. Products were obtained in good yields (19-96%) and their structures were fully characterized by spectroscopic data (NMR, HRMS). Four synthesized δ-halo-γ-lactones (4-7) are new and have not been previously described in the literature. In the choice test phytol (1) appeared deterrent to M. persicae, whereas modifications of its structure did not cause the avoidance of the treated leaves by the aphids. In contrast, aphids were attracted to the leaves treated with the new trans-δ-chloro-γ-lactone (6). Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique applied to explore the aphid probing and feeding activity revealed that neither phytol nor lactone 6 affected aphid probing and the consumption of phloem sap, which means that both phytol and the lactone 6 might have acted as postingestive modifiers of aphid behavior. The results of in vitro antitumor assays showed that obtained phytol derivatives exhibit cytotoxic activity against studied cancer cell lines (leukemia, lung and colon carcinoma and its doxorubicin resistant subline). Halolactones 4-6 were identified as the compounds, which arrest cell cycle of leukemia cells mainly in G2/M and S phases.
Comparative Validation Study to Demonstrate the Equivalence of a Minor Modification to AOAC Method 997.03 [Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for Listeria] to the Reference Culture Methods (2008)

Abstract The Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for the Detection of Listeria in Foods and Environmental Surfaces, AOAC Official Method 997.03, has been modified to use a simplified housing for the device. A methods comparison study was conducted to demonstrate the equivalence of this modification to the reference culture methods. Two food matrixes and one environmental surface were analyzed. In total, valid results were obtained from 145 samples and controls. Results showed that the modified VIP for Listeria spp. is equivalent to the reference culture methods for the detection of Listeria.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Prospective PCR-Based Screening for the &lt;i&gt;EML4-ALK&lt;/i&gt; Oncogene in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 2681K, Specimens obtained in our prospective cohort.&lt;/p&gt;
Angular Accuracy of the Binary Moving Window Radar Detector (1982)

The angular accuracy of a search radar depends on the extraction technique. For the case of a binary moving window extractor, the accuracy is evaluated in different operational conditions including target scintillation. A beam-splitting technique that was devised to improve the accuracy is also evaluated and compared with the binary moving window.
Development of an equivalent solid model to predict the vibroacoustic behaviour of earmuff cushions (2011)

A study that examines the relevance of using an equivalent isotropic visco-elastic solid model to capture the sound transmission law of an annular cushion from a commercial earmuff is presented. Ten cushions from a hygienic spare set are studied. They are mounted on a shaker and submitted to the weight of three metal blocks with masses of 1.15kg, 1.65kg and 2.13 kg, representing the force applied by the head band when the earmuffs are positioned on the head. Holes are glued with cyanoacrylate glue, when each cushion was under compression, to evacuate air from it. Vibration experiments were conducted and then cushions were immerged into water to make sure that apertures were completely occluded. Such verification has demonstrated that the sheath is a micro-porous material: micro air bubbles appear around the sheath when cushion are pressed. The foam and the sheath are tested separately under a mass of 0.65kg and compared to a cushion.
Dramatic consequences of reducing erythrocyte membrane cholesterol on <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2021)

Abstract Cholesterol is the most abundant lipid in the erythrocyte. During its blood stage development, the malaria parasite establishes an active cholesterol gradient across the various membrane systems within the infected erythrocyte. Interestingly, some antimalarial compounds have recently been shown to disrupt cholesterol homeostasis in intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum . These studies point to the importance of cholesterol for parasite growth. Previously, reduction of cholesterol from the erythrocyte membrane by treatment with methyl-ß-cyclodextrin (MßCD) was shown to inhibit parasite invasion and growth. In addition, MßCD treatment of trophozoite stage P. falciparum was shown to result in parasite expulsion from the host cell. We have revisited these phenomena by using live video microscopy, ultrastructural analysis, and response to antimalarial compounds. By using time-lapse video microscopy of fluorescently tagged parasites, we show that MßCD treatment for just 30 min causes dramatic expulsion of the trophozoite stage parasites. This forceful expulsion occurs within 10 sec. Remarkably, the plasma membrane of the host cell from which the parasite has been expelled does not appear to be compromised. The parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) continued to surround the extruded parasite, but the PVM appeared damaged. Treatment with antimalarial compounds targeting PfATP4 or PfNCR1 prevented MßCD-mediated extrusion of the parasites, pointing to a potential role of cholesterol dynamics underlying the expulsion phenomena. We also confirmed the essential role of erythrocyte plasma membrane cholesterol for invasion and growth of P. falciparum . This defect can be partially complemented by cholesterol and desmosterol but not with epicholesterol, revealing stereospecificity underlying cholesterol function. Overall, our studies advance previous observations and reveal unusual cell biological features underlying cholesterol depletion of infected erythrocyte plasma membrane. Importance Malaria remains a major challenge in much of the world. Symptoms of malaria are caused by the growth of parasites belonging to Plasmodium spp. inside the red blood cells (RBC), leading to their destruction. The parasite depends upon its host for much of its nutritional need. Cholesterol is a major lipid in the RBC plasma membrane, which is the only source of this lipid for malarial parasites. We have previously shown that certain new antimalarial compounds disrupt cholesterol homeostasis in P. falciparum . Here we use live time-lapse video microscopy to show dramatic expulsion of the parasite from the host RBC when the cholesterol content of the RBC is reduced. Remarkably, this expulsion is inhibited by the antimalarials that disrupt lipid homeostasis. We also show stereospecificity of cholesterol in supporting parasite growth inside RBC. Overall, these results point to a critical role of cholesterol in physiology of malaria parasites.
A hierarchy-aware approach to faceted classification of objected-oriented components (1999)

This article presents a hierarchy-aware classification schema for obje ct-oriented code, where software components are classified according to their behavioral characteristics , such as provided services, employed algorithms, and needed data. In the case of reusable application frameworks, these characteristics are constructured from their model , i.e., from the description of the abstract classes specifying both the framework structure and purpose. In conventional object libraries, the characteristics are extracted semiautomatically from class interfaces. Characteristics are term pairs, weighted to represent “how well” they describe component behavior. The set of characteristics associated with a given component forms its software descriptor . A descriptor base is presented where descriptors are organized on the basis of structured relationships, such as similarity and composition. The classification is supported by a thesaurus acting as a language-independent unified lexicon. The descriptor base is conceived for developers who, besides conventionally browsing the descriptors hierarchy, can query the system, specifying a set of desired functionalities and getting a ranked set of adaptable candidates. User feedback is taken into account in order to progressively ameliorate the quality of the descriptors according to the views of the user community. Feedback is made dependent of the user typology through a user profile . Experimental results in terms of recall and precision of the retrieval mechanism against a sample code base are reported.
OS7-1-3 Fabrication of vertically aligned Si nanowire arrays using metal catalyst and porous aluminum (2012)

Control of crystal orientation and diameter of vertically grown epitaxial Si nanowire arrays on Si substrate has been demonstrated using a combination of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and vapor - liquid - solid (VLS) growth using electrolessplated Au in AAO pores as a catalyst. The crystal orientation of the nanowire was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. A growth direction of the nanowire arrays was guided perpendicular to the surface of the substrate by the AAO template, and the crystal orientation of the nanowire arrays was selected using the single crystal Si substrate properly cut in desired orientation.
GIP Signaling Integrates with Insulin Signaling to Regulate Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Human Adipocytes (2018)

Recent studies suggest that activation of GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) receptor in conjunction with GLP-1 and/or glucagon receptors reduces adiposity and body weight in mice. Incretin actions of GIP on pancreatic beta cells are well characterized, but functions of GIP on adipose tissue are incompletely understood. Using differentiated human adipocytes we investigated GIP regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the context of insulin signaling. GIP dose-dependently stimulated lipolysis without affecting ATGL or HSL lipolytic enzyme mRNA expression. Insulin dose-dependently suppressed lipolysis, and addition of GIP attenuated insulin effects on lipolysis without affecting Akt phosphorylation at Thr308or Ser473. Insulin administration increased lipogenesis, but GIP, in the presence or absence of insulin, had little effect on lipogenesis in [14C]glucose incorporation assays. GIP increased glucose utilization in adipocytes, as measured by depletion of glucose in culture media over a 24 hour period. Notably GIP dose-dependently enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake ([14C]-2-deoxyglucose), but GIP alone did not appreciably regulate acute glucose uptake. We propose a new mechanistic model in which GIP signaling integrates with insulin signaling to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. In the presence of low plasma insulin levels resembling a fasting state, GIP can increase lipolysis to mobilize nutrients from adipocytes. When insulin levels rise in a fed state, GIP can increase insulin-mediated glucose uptake in adipocytes to augment efficiency of energy storage. Further elucidation of the integration of insulin and GIP signaling will be needed to support efforts to counteract dysregulated nutrient metabolism in obesity and diabetes. Disclosure A. Regmi: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. M.K. Thomas: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. M. Michael: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. W.C. Roell: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company.
Synthesis and in vitro Study of Novel 7‐O‐Acyl Derivatives of Oroxylin A as Antibacterial Agents. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Eulerian Detachments with Local-Edge-Connectivity (2006)

For a graph G, a detachment operation at a vertex transforms the graph into a new graph by splitting the vertex into several vertices in such a way that the original graph can be obtained by contracting all the split vertices into a single vertex. A graph obtained from a given graph G by applying detachment operations at several vertices is called a detachment of graph G. While detachment operations may decrease the connectivity of graphs, there are several works on conditions for preserving the connectivity. In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for a given graph/digraph to have an Eulerian detachment that satisfies a given local edge-connectivity requirement. We also discuss conditions for the detachment to be loopless.
Very low incidence of permanent complications: report of a national multicenter registry (2013)

Purpose: Despite catheter ablation (CA) has become an accepted treatment option for symptomatic, drug-resistant atrial fibrillation (AF), safety of this procedure continues to be cause for concern. The present Italian Multicenter Registry on Procedural Safety of CA for AF aims to report incidence of permanent CA complications and detect their plausible predictors in a contemporary, unselected AF population. Methods: From January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011, data from 2,323 consecutive patients who underwent CA [median age 60 (52-67); 72.3% male] for AF in 29 Italian centers were collected. All complications occurring to the patient from admission to 30th post-procedural day were recorded. Results: No procedure-related death was observed. Complications occurred in 95 patients (4.1%): 50 (2.2%) vascular access complications; 12 (0.5%) cardiac tamponades; 11 (0.5%) conservatively treated pericardial effusions; 10 (0.4%) arterial embolisms; 3 (0.1%) phrenic nerve paralysis; 3 (0.1%) pericarditis; 3 (0.1%) hemothoraxs; and 3 (0.1%) other isolated adverse events. Seven (0.30%) patients developed permanent sequelae from their complications, 4 (57.1%) of these due to thromboembolic complications. At multivariate analysis only the use of an irrigated-tip catheter (OR 0.095, 95% CI 0.018 to 0.520, p<0.007) independently predicted a lower risk of permanent complications. Conclusions: CA for AF is currently affected by a very low rate of complications leading to permanent sequelae. The use of an irrigated-tip catheter seems to further reduce this risk.
Low-complexity Computational Units for the Local-SOVA Decoding Algorithm (2020)

Recently the Local-SOVA algorithm was suggested as an alternative to the max-Log MAP algorithm commonly used for decoding Turbo codes. In this work, we introduce new complexity reductions to the Local-SOVA algorithm, which allow an efficient implementation at a marginal BER penalty of 0.05 dB. Furthermore, we present the first hardware architectures for the computational units of the Local-SOVA algorithm, namely for the add-compare select unit and the soft output unit, targeting radix orders 2, 4 and 8. We provide place & route implementation results for 22nm technology and demonstrate an area reduction of 46-75% for the soft output unit for radix orders ≥ 4 in comparison with the respective max-Log MAP soft output unit. These area reductions compensate for the overhead in the add compare select unit, resulting in overall area saving of around 27-46% compared to the max-Log-MAP. These savings simplify the design and implementation of high throughput Turbo decoders.
Erythropoietin activity in the serum of beta thalassemic patients (1986)

Serum erythropoietic activity was determined in 32 patients with beta thalassemia major and intermedia. Quantitation was performed by an in vitro bioassay using rabbit erythroid precursor cells (CFU-E) either by colony assay or by 3H-thymidine uptake. 20 polytransfused beta-thalassemic major patients had erythropoietic activity (mean 89.3 +/- 36 milliunits/ml) which was not significantly different (p greater than 0.2) from normal individuals (51.3 +/- 32 milliunits/ml). 12 untransfused patients with beta thalassemia intermedia were found to have comparable serum erythropoietic activity (p greater than 0.01). These levels were much lower than those found in patients with aplastic anemia who had a comparable degree of anemia. We have shown that the low EPO activity in thalassemic patients was not due to experimental conditions (excess of ferritin, low transferrin) nor to specific inhibitors appearing in this disease. No correlation was found between the erythropoietic activity and sex or other clinical parameters of the patients such as severity of the anemia, splenectomy, iron chelation or transfusion therapy. 4 young thalassemic children (1-2 yr of age) studied had high erythropoietic activity ranging from 661 to 5793 milliunits/ml--significantly different from normal children of the same age. It is suggested, therefore, that a decrease in serum erythropoietin levels develops during the course of the disease.
Attacking Optical Flow (2019)

Deep neural nets achieve state-of-the-art performance on the problem of optical flow estimation. Since optical flow is used in several safety-critical applications like self-driving cars, it is important to gain insights into the robustness of those techniques. Recently, it has been shown that adversarial attacks easily fool deep neural networks to misclassify objects. The robustness of optical flow networks to adversarial attacks, however, has not been studied so far. In this paper, we extend adversarial patch attacks to optical flow networks and show that such attacks can compromise their performance. We show that corrupting a small patch of less than 1% of the image size can significantly affect optical flow estimates. Our attacks lead to noisy flow estimates that extend significantly beyond the region of the attack, in many cases even completely erasing the motion of objects in the scene. While networks using an encoder-decoder architecture are very sensitive to these attacks, we found that networks using a spatial pyramid architecture are less affected. We analyse the success and failure of attacking both architectures by visualizing their feature maps and comparing them to classical optical flow techniques which are robust to these attacks. We also demonstrate that such attacks are practical by placing a printed pattern into real scenes.
Privacy, anonymity and subjectivity in genomic research (2016)

The use of non-anonymized human genome data is becoming increasingly popular in research. Here we review the proceedings of a special meeting on this topic that took place at European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in December 2014. The main points discussed centered on how to achieve 'anonymity,' 'trust,' and 'protection of data' in relation to new genomic technologies and research. Following our report of this meeting, we also raise three further issues for future consideration: the harmonization of international law in relation to genetic data protection; the complex issues around the 'dividual' nature of genetic data; and the growing commercial value of personal data. In conclusion, we stress the importance of scientists working in the area of genomic research engaging in interdisciplinary collaborations with humanities and social science scholars and addressing these complicated issues.
N-glycosylation of the CmeABC multidrug efflux pump is needed for optimal function in Campylobacter jejuni (2019)

Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent gastrointestinal pathogen associated with increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance development. It was also the first bacterium demonstrated to possess a general N-linked protein glycosylation pathway capable of modifying > 80 different proteins, including the primary Campylobacter multidrug efflux pump, CmeABC. Here we demonstrate that N-glycosylation is necessary for the function of the efflux pump and may, in part, explain the evolutionary pressure to maintain this protein modification system. Mutants of cmeA in two common wildtype (WT) strains are highly susceptible to erythromycin (EM), ciprofloxacin and bile salts when compared to the isogenic parental strains. Complementation of the cmeA mutants with the native cmeA allele restores the WT phenotype, whereas expression of a cmeA allele with point mutations in both N-glycosylation sites is comparable to the cmeA mutants. Moreover, loss of CmeA glycosylation leads to reduced chicken colonization levels similar to the cmeA knock-out strain, while complementation fully restores colonization. Reconstitution of C. jejuni CmeABC into Escherichia coli together with the C. jejuni N-glycosylation pathway increases the EM minimum inhibitory concentration and decreases ethidium bromide accumulation when compared to cells lacking the pathway. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the protein structures of the glycosylated and non-glycosylated CmeA models do not vary from one another, and in vitro studies show no change in CmeA multimerization or peptidoglycan association. Therefore, we conclude that N-glycosylation has a broader influence on CmeABC function most likely playing a role in complex stability.