gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulations of beam propagation through optical turbulence for high-altitude platform crosslinks (2004)

In this paper we introduce a simulation method for modelling clear-air atmospheric turbulence effects for long horizontal stratospheric paths. Divergence angles of several hundred microradians in combination with link distances up to 800 km require to adapt the appropriate resolution of the transverse optical field along the path. For this purpose, we implemented a propagation method in Cartesian coordinates. We choose two reference scenarios for high-altitude platform crosslinks and discuss the influence of simulation parameters to the derived results. Finally a method for computation of temporal IM/DD-time signals form simulated intensity matrices is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships of 2,3‐ Dihydrobenzofuran‐7‐carboxamide Derivatives as Potent Serotonin‐3 (5‐ HT3) Receptor Antagonists. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of N<sub>2</sub>O and Water on Activity and Selectivity in the Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Mn–Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>: Role of Oxygen Species (2022)

The understanding of the reaction mechanism of product formation in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is the prerequisite for designing catalysts with improved selectivity to the desired products, i.e., C2H6 and C2H4 (C2 hydrocarbons). One step in this direction is to understand the kind of oxygen species involved in the selective and nonselective reactions. Against this background, a series of kinetic and mechanistic tests of the OCM reaction with N2O (N2O–OCM) were carried out over the Mn–Na2WO4/SiO2 system in the absence and the presence of cofed water. The usage of N2O instead of O2 was proven to suppress the direct oxidation of CH4 to CO2 in favor of the formation of C2 hydrocarbons. This inhibition was explained by a lower concentration of surface biatomic oxygen species participating in the formation of CO2. The formation of such species from O2 was supported by oxygen isotopic exchange and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests. As proven by in situ UV–vis tests under various reaction conditions at 750 °C, N2O–OCM and O2–OCM mainly proceed through a Mars van Krevelen sequence. As MnOx is reduced faster than Na2WO4, it should be primarily involved in oxidant activation. In comparison with O2, N2O was proven to reoxidize reduced catalysts significantly slower. This results in reducing surface density (spatial separation) of lattice oxygen species in N2O–OCM that is unfavorable for the undesired oxidation reactions leading to carbon oxides. As a result, the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons increases. This knowledge is essential for catalyst design through controlling the rates of generation and consumption of oxygen species. A further aspect of this work is the positive effect of H2O on the rate of methane conversion and the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons in N2O–OCM. The strength of this effect on the activity is lower than in O2–OCM. The enhancing effect was related to H2O-mediated transformation of surface biatomic oxygen species into monatomic ones.
S2‐02‐04: Phospholipase D3 contributes to Alzheimer's disease risk via disruption in app trafficking and Aβ generation (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Rare mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 have contributed to our understanding of APP processing and AD pathogenesis. APOE4 is a major risk factor for late onset AD (LOAD) that produces genotype-specific differences in Aβ clearance rates, illustrating the value of studying risk variants to understand AD pathogenesis. We have recently identified several coding variants in the phospholipase D3 (PLD3) gene that double the risk for LOAD. While the normal function of PLD3 is poorly understood, PLD3 is highly expressed in neurons and in regions of the brain that are most susceptible to AD pathology. We used immortalized cell models and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models to study the effects of PLD3 risk variants on APP metabolism using molecular and biochemical assays. We found that overexpression of PLD3 in immortalized cells decreases extracellular Aβ levels while shRNA silencing of PLD3 increases extracellular Aβ levels. Overexpression of PLD3 in immortalized cells also produced a significant reduction of cell-surface and Holo-APP. PLD3 risk variants, M6R and V232M, accelerated APP turnover. Inhibition of lysosomal function rescued the effect of PLD3 risk variants on APP turnover. We also identified a synonymous variant in PLD3 (A442A) that was predicted to modify a splicing enhancer binding site by disrupting the recognition site such that splicing is reduced. We confirmed these findings in human brain tissue carrying the PLD3 A442A. Human fibroblasts were obtained from a PLD3A442A carrier, reprogrammed into iPSCs and subsequently differentiated into neural progenitor cells. These cells displayed a similar deficit in PLD3 splicing as was observed in human brain tissue and a significant difference in Aβ levels compared with unrelated control lines. Together, these findings demonstrate that PLD3 plays an important role in APP trafficking and Aβ generation. By defining the precise mechanisms by which PLD3 risk variants regulate APP, we will gain novel insights into the underlying disease mechanisms and will facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
Neuropatía femoral y hematoma bilateral de músculos psoas-iliaco asociados a tratamiento con warfarina (2012)

Se presentó un hombre de 70 años que sufrió un hematoma bilateral de los músculos psoas-iliacos como consecuencia del tratamiento con warfarina. Después de 6 d de tratamiento analgésico, valores de índice internacional normalizado inferiores a 1,5 y control del sangrado, se indicó la warfarina para continuar la profilaxis por la prótesis valvular mecánica. Fue egresado con secuelas motoras por la neuropatía femoral y se ha mantenido con tratamiento fisioterapéutico. Se diagnosticó neuropatía por compresión del nervio femoral, por hematoma de los músculos psoas-ilíacos. Los casos de hematomas retroperitoneales son escasos en la literatura médica, en Cuba no encontramos casos publicados.
Pilot, proof-of-concept studies for determining the feasibility of the use of FLT-PET in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (2013)

TPS4146 Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has one of the lowest 5-year survival rates. Gemcitabine (G)-based chemotherapy is standard-of-care first-line systemic therapy. Fluorine-18 radiolabelled 3-deoxy-3-fluorothymidine (FLT), a thymidine analogue, is a substrate for thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), which is highly expressed in proliferating cells in late G1/S phase. FLT uptake (imaged and quantified by positron emission tomography (PET)) correlates with pathology-based proliferation markers and with decreases with therapy in a number of cancers. G, a nucleoside analogue, decreases proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis, primarily acting on S and G1/S phase thus decreasing tumour FLT uptake. Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) transports G and FLT into cells, making hENT1 activity a key determinant of both FLT uptake and G efficacy. Methods: Two parallel proof-of-concept studies are designed to explore the feasibility of assessing proliferation, nucleoside transport, magnitude of treatment-related FLT uptake changes and understanding the pathophysiological basis of FLT-PET imaging in patients (pts) with (1) localized or (2) advanced PC. Up to 24 PC pts with ECOG PS 0-2, able to undergo imaging and with at least one potentially evaluable lesion larger than 2cm on CT/MRI are eligible. Pts with localized disease (study 1) will have dynamic FLT-PET pre-operatively preceded by a radiolabelled H 2 O PET scan to assess tumour perfusion. These pts will also undergo 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-PET and diffusion-weighted MR scans. For pts with metastatic disease (study 2), dynamic FLT-PET will be performed before and after G-based chemotherapy. FLT uptake expressed as a standardized uptake value (SUV), will be determined. Tumour pathological markers from the surgical samples and imaging parameters will be correlated; hENT1 status will be assessed (by immunohistochemistry) after surgery (study 1) and before treatment (study 2). Reproducibility FLT-PET studies will be performed in a cohort of subjects to assess the variability in uptake quantification.
An efficient merging of DBU/enolate and DBU/benzyl bromide organocycles for the synthesis of alpha benzylated 1-indanone derivatives (2022)

1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en (DBU) mediated synthesis of α-benzylated 1-indanones via DBU/enolate and DBU/benzyl bromide organocycles under mild reaction conditions.
A designed metallacarborane catalyst. Synthesis, structure, and reactions of [closo-1,3-[.mu.-.eta.2-3-CH2=CHCH2CH2)]-3-H-3-PPh3-3,1,2-RhC2B9H10] (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA designed metallacarborane catalyst. Synthesis, structure, and reactions of [closo-1,3-[.mu.-.eta.2-3-CH2=CHCH2CH2)]-3-H-3-PPh3-3,1,2-RhC2B9H10]M. S. Delaney, C. B. Knobler, and M. F. HawthorneCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 5, 1341–1347Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50219a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50219a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bio-processing of agro-byproducts to animal feed (2012)

Agricultural and food-industry residues constitute a major proportion (almost 30%) of worldwide agricultural production. These wastes mainly comprise lignocellulosic materials, fruit and vegetable wastes, sugar-industry wastes as well as animal and fisheries refuse and byproducts. Agro-residues are rich in many bioactive and nutraceutical compounds, such as polyphenolics, carotenoids and dietary fiber among others. Agro residues are a major valuable biomass and present potential solutions to problems of animal nutrition and the worldwide supply of protein and calories, if appropriate technologies can be used for their valorization by nutrient enrichment. Technologies available for protein enrichment of these wastes include solid substrate fermentation, ensiling, and high solid or slurry processes. Technologies to be developed for the reprocessing of these wastes need to take account of the peculiarities of individual wastes and the environment in which they are generated, reprocessed, and used. In particular, such technologies need to deliver products that are safe, not just for animal feed use, but also from the perspective of human feeding. This review focuses on the major current applications of solid-state fermentation in relation to the feed sector.
Early Morning Attenuation of Endothelial Function in Healthy Humans (2004)

FMD is blunted in the early morning in healthy subjects. Decreased endothelial function in the early morning may have implications for our understanding of the morning peak in cardiac and vascular events.
Automatic video parsing using shot boundary detection and camera operation analysis (2002)

We present an efficient video parsing method using shot boundary detection and camera operation analysis technique. In the shot boundary detection, the local color information and an adaptive time window is used. The local spatio-temporal images and multilayer perceptron are used for analyzing the camera operations. In order to verify the performance of the proposed video parsing method, experiments with video database have been carried out. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the video parsing technique.
Anodising AZ31 in a Phosphonium Ionic Liquid: Corrosion Protection through Composite Film Deposition (2012)

Magnesium alloy AZ31 was anodised in the ionic liquid (IL) trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate ([P 6,6,6,14 ][( i C 8 ) 2 PO 2 ]) under potentiostatic control to a relatively low voltage of 18 V using current densities of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mAcm -2 . The formation of these films on as-polished AZ31 made no significant change to the corrosion performance in 0.01 M NaCl. Film stability and corrosion protection of the AZ31 alloy was increased when surfaces were anodised after an acid pickling pre-treatment in a mixture of nitric and phosphoric acid. ToF-SIMS revealed both the anion and cation of the IL were present in the film, with greater deposition observed on the pickled anodised surfaces as opposed to as-polished.
Enhancing LZW Coding Using a Variable-Length Binary Encoding (1995)

We present here a methodology to enhance the LZW coding for text compression using a variable-length binary encoding scheme. The basic principle of this encoding is based on allocating a set of prefix codes to a set of integers growing dynamically. The prefix property enables unique decoding of a string of elements from this set. We presented the experimental results to show the effectiveness of this variable-length binary encoding scheme.
A New Synthetic Route to 3-Oxo-4-amino-1,2,3-oxadiazole from the Diazeniumdiolation of Benzyl Cyanide: Stable Sydnone Iminium <i>N</i>-Oxides (2009)

Treating benzylcyanide with nitric oxide in basic methanol returns 3-oxo-4-phenyl-5-amino-1,2,3-oxadiazole (a 5-iminium-sydnone N-oxide), 5, in addition to the known 2-(hydroxyimino)-2-phenylacetonitrile, 6, and the bisdiazeniumdiolate imidate salt, 7. Conditions for the separation and purification of the new 1,2,3-oxadiazole 5 are described along with its theory, structure, spectroscopy, and reactivity which demonstrate the predominance of the amino tautomer over the N-hydroxide tautomer. New derivatives of 5 include a Schiff base, from the condensation with salicylaldehyde, 8, and a dimethylamino analogue of 5, from its reaction with methyliodide and NaH. As with other related 3-oxo-1,2,3-oxadiazoles 5 has pronounced acid/base stability. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the only other prior sydnone N-oxides prepared were misformulated as the N-hydroxide imines and are better described as 3-oxo-5-amino-derivatives of 1,2,3-oxadiazoles.
Vestibular ataxia following shuttle flights: effects of microgravity on otolith-mediated sensorimotor control of posture. (1993)

Orbital spaceflight exposes astronauts to an environment in which gravity is reduced to negligible magnitudes of 10(-3) to 10(-6) G. Upon insertion into earth orbit, the abrupt loss of the constant linear acceleration provided by gravity removes the otolith stimulus for vestibular sensation of vertical orientation constantly present on Earth. Since the central nervous system (CNS) assesses spatial orientation by simultaneously interpreting sensory inputs from the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems, loss of the otolith-mediated vertical reference input results in an incorrect estimation of spatial orientation, which, in turn, causes a degradation in movement control. Over time, however, the CNS adapts to the loss of gravitational signals. Upon return to Earth, the vertical reference provided by gravitational stimulation of the otolith organ reappears. As a result, a period of CNS readaptation must occur upon return to terrestrial environment. Among the physiological changes observed during the postflight CNS readaptation period is a disruption of postural equilibrium control. Using a dynamic posturography system (modified NeuroCom EquiTest), 16 astronauts were tested at 60, 30, and 10 days preflight and retested at 1 to 5 hours, and 8 days postflight. All astronauts tested demonstrated decreased postural stability immediately upon return to Earth. The most dramatic increases in postural sway occurred during those sensory conditions in which both the visual and proprioceptive feedback information used for postural control were altered by the dynamic posturography system, requiring reliance primarily upon vestibular function for control of upright stance. Less marked but statistically significant increases in sway were observed under those conditions in which visual and foot support surface inputs alone were altered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Application of electron spin resonance spectroscopy to problems of structure and conformation. XXX. Aliphatic semidiones. XXXI. Conjugated singly unsaturated 1,2-semidiones in carbocyclic systems (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of electron spin resonance spectroscopy to problems of structure and conformation. XXX. Aliphatic semidiones. XXXI. Conjugated singly unsaturated 1,2-semidiones in carbocyclic systemsGlen A. Russell, Ronald L. Blankespoor, Kathleen D. Trahanovsky, C. S. C. Chung, Philip R. Whittle, John Mattox, C. L. Myers, Robert Penny, Thomas Ku, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 7, 1906–1914Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00840a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00840a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polymer chemist's perspective on protein science and engineering (2015)

Synthetic polymers and proteins share the essential characteristic of long-chain mol. architecture. But they&#13;\ndiffer in important ways; proteins are uniform, often well folded, and evolvable, whereas polymers are&#13;\nheterogeneous and adopt random-coil or partially ordered conformations. This lecture will describe an ongoing&#13;\nattempt to bridge the gap between polymers and proteins by using artificial genes to direct the synthesis of&#13;\nartificial proteins, and by designing new amino acids that can be used in cellular protein synthesis. These&#13;\ndevelopments have provided a basis for new approaches to macromol. design, biol. imaging, and mol.-level&#13;\nanal. of cellular processes.
Speed-Sensorless Control of Induction Motors for Electric Vehicles (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An electric bus system has been operating in the downtown area of Chattanooga, Tennessee for more than four years. The buses use traditional hard-switched IGBT inverters driving special induction motors with a speed sensor (tachometer) and two embedded flux-sensing windings to provide rotor speed and flux information to the motor controller for implementation of high performance field oriented control (vector control). The induction motor is oil-cooled and equipped with an internal planar gear reduction. The current system has experienced failures in both speed sensors and flux sensors because they are unreliable, susceptible to EMI and must operate in a hostile environment created by oil leaks. A speed- and flux-sensorless induction motor drive system with a new 100 kW soft-switching inverter has been implemented to replace the existing system. The new soft-switching inverter is able to provide 300 A (rms) and 230 V (rms) continuous power to the motor with no voltage surges and reduced dv/dt (&amp;lt;300V/us) at switching. The new inverter also draws ripple-less DC current from the battery. As a result, the new inverter is friendly to the motor and battery. Extended lifetime is expected for both the motor and battery. The new inverter with the speed- and flux-sensorless control has been road-tested and has achieved satisfactory performance. The project was supported under the Department of Energy (DOE) funding and local industry partnership.&lt;/div&gt;
Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of a Ti<sub>2</sub>FeNiSb<sub>2</sub> double half-Heusler alloy through excess Ni-induced full-Heusler nanoprecipitates (2023)

The excessed Ni will embed full-hesuler TiNi 2 Sb nanoprecipitates into the matrix, which can improve the thermoelectric performance by scattering low-energy carriers and phonons.
Mixed integer optimal compensation: Decompositions and mean-field approximations (2012)

Mixed integer optimal compensation deals with optimizing integer- and real-valued control variables to compensate disturbances in dynamic systems. The mixed integer nature of controls might be a cause of intractability for instances of larger dimensions. To tackle this issue, we propose a decomposition method which turns the original n-dimensional problem into n independent scalar problems of lot sizing form. Each scalar problem is then reformulated as a shortest path one and solved through linear programming over a receding horizon. This last reformulation step mirrors a standard procedure in mixed integer programming. We apply the decomposition method to a mean-field coupled multi-agent system problem, where each agent seeks to compensate a combination of the exogenous signal and the local state average. We discuss a large population mean-field type of approximation as well as the application of predictive control methods.