gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure Prediction Model for Compression Garment Design (2010)

Based on the application of Laplace's law to compression garments, an equation for predicting garment pressure, incorporating the body circumference, the cross-sectional area of fabric, applied strain (as a function of reduction factor), and its corresponding Young's modulus, is developed. Design procedures are presented to predict garment pressure using the aforementioned parameters for clinical applications. Compression garments have been widely used in treating burning scars. Fabricating a compression garment with a required pressure is important in the healing process. A systematic and scientific design method can enable the occupational therapist and compression garments' manufacturer to custom-make a compression garment with a specific pressure. The objectives of this study are 1) to develop a pressure prediction model incorporating different design factors to estimate the pressure exerted by the compression garments before fabrication; and 2) to propose more design procedures in clinical applications. Three kinds of fabrics cut at different bias angles were tested under uniaxial tension, as were samples made in a double-layered structure. Sets of nonlinear force-extension data were obtained for calculating the predicted pressure. Using the value at 0° bias angle as reference, the Young's modulus can vary by as much as 29% for fabric type P11117, 43% for fabric type PN2170, and even 360% for fabric type AP85120 at a reduction factor of 20%. When comparing the predicted pressure calculated from the single-layered and double-layered fabrics, the double-layered construction provides a larger range of target pressure at a particular strain. The anisotropic and nonlinear behaviors of the fabrics have thus been determined. Compression garments can be methodically designed by the proposed analytical pressure prediction model.
Chaotic capture of vortices by a moving body. II. Bound pair model (1994)

Previously, we have presented a simple model for the interaction of a fluid vortex structure with a moving bluff body, and demonstrated the existence of a trapping mechanism related to chaotic scattering. This single point vortex model required explicit perturbation to generate chaos and the subsequent complex dynamics. Here, we present a model which attempts to introduce internal degrees-of-freedom in the vortex structure in the simplest manner, by replacing the single vortex with a like-signed pair. We show that this model exhibits chaotic trapping without the need of explicit perturbation, however, the region of parameter space for which trapping occurs is exceedingly small due to the spatially dependent form of the perturbation. We claim that this result explains some the behavior observed in Navier-Stokes simulations of the same vortex-body system, where we find close correspondence between the dynamics of an extended vorticity distribution and the single vortex model. Finally, we generalize the model to unequal strength vortex pairs, and find more complex behavior which includes "partial" capture of the weaker vortex by the body. (c) 1994 American Institute of Physics.
First Synthesis of Methyl 3‐Amino‐4‐(het)aryl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylates as Useful Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Informed prefetching of collective input/output requests (1999)

Optimizing collective input/output (I/O) is important for improving throughput of parallel scientific applications. Current research suggests that a specialized collective application programming interface, coupled with system-level optimizations, is necessary to obtain good I/O performance. Unfortunately, collective interfaces require an application to disclose its entire access pattern to fully reorder I/O requests, and cannot flexibly utilize additional memory to improve performance. In this paper we propose and analyze a method of optimizing collective access patterns using informed prefetching that is capable of exploiting any amount of available memory to overlap I/O with computation. We compare this approach to diskdirected I/O, an efficient implementation of a collective I/O interface. Moreover, we prove that under certain conditions, a per-processor prefetch depth equal to the number of drives can guarantee sequential disk accesses for any collectively accessed file. In empirical studies, a prefetch horizon of one to two times the number of disks per processor is sufficient to match the performance of disk-directed I/O for sequentially allocated files. Finally, we develop accurate analytical models to predict the throughput of informed prefetching for collective reads as a function of the per-processor prefetch depth.
Expandable layer silicates associated with hydrothermal talc deposits of Murphy, North Carolina (1983)

Corrensite and other mixed-layer chlorites occur in the insoluble residues from the Murphy Marble. They are found in an ordered arrangement around one of the eight zones in the Murphy Marble. The envelope, 60 m wide, is centered on the mottled zone in the upper part of the marble formation. The progression of the layer silicates is: vermiculite --> vermiculite-smectite --> smectite --> smectite-chlorite --> corrensite + chlorite --> chlorite. In addition, quartz, plagioclase, and muscovite may occur. The mottled zone appears to have been a conduit of the hydrothermal fluids which have altered the silicates in the marbles; isotopic data supports this hypothesis. The altered carbonate rock is depleted in heavy isotopes. A genetic connection, between the talc bodies and the hydrothermal plumbing system, is indicated by an increase in the amount of expanding and contracting layers in the mixed-layer minerals of the mottled zone near the orebody.--Modified journal abstract.
Quantum-Enhanced Microwave Backscattering Communications (2020)

The recent advances in the field of microwave superconducting circuits open the way for a multitude of engineering applications that revolutionize the field of classical communications. To exploit this new technology, we propose a novel microwave quantum-enhanced backscattering system based on the laws of quantum physics. Both the transmitter and the receiver are quantum mechanical in nature and are accommodated at the infrastructure side, while the backscattering device is classical. The advocated system breaks the performance barrier of the classical backscattering systems and approaches the ultimate attainable receiver sensitivity. Finally, our quantum solution outperforms the classical solutions in terms of its level of security.
Progress on MBE Grown Type-II Superlattice Photodiodes (2006)

The paper reports on the status of type-II superlattice diodes grown and fabricated for infrared absorption in the mid- and long wavelength infrared ranges. Recent progress in epitaxial regrowth as a passivation method and progress on long-wavelength imaging array fabrication are also presented
Variability in Sensory Ecology: Expanding the Bridge Between Physiology and Evolutionary Biology (2009)

Sensory organs represent the interface between the central nervous system of organisms and the environment in which they live. To date, we still lack a true integration of ecological and evolutionary perspectives in our understanding of many sensory systems. We argue that scientists working in sensory ecology should expand the bridge between sensory and evolutionary biology, and, in working toward this goal, we advocate a combination of the experimental rigor of the sensory physiologist with population-based as well as evolutionary views.
OFF-set (2013)

One of the most challenging recommendation tasks is recommending to a new, previously unseen user. This is known as the user cold start problem. Assuming certain features or attributes of users are known, one approach for handling new users is to initially model them based on their features.
A 26-42 GHz Broadband, Back-off Efficient and Vswr Tolerant CMOS Power Amplifier Architecture for 5G Applications (2019)

Future mm-Wave transmitter front-ends will need to operate in an electromagnetically complex environment that are resistant to near-field antenna perturbations (VSWR events) while operating across multiple mmWave frequency bands (28/37/39/42 GHz) and with high efficiency and linearity with spectrally efficient modulation. This is particularly difficult since these parameters (bandwidth, linearity, efficiency, and VSWR tolerance) trade off strongly with each other in a power amplifier (PA). In this paper, we present a PA architecture that exploits mutual load pulling through a multi-port network in a nonlinear fashion to achieve VSWR tolerance while demonstrating Doherty-like operation across 26-42 GHz. The PA designed in 65-nm bulk CMOS generates P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> >19 dBm with PAE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">peak</sub> >20% across all bands and achieves up to 3.35x and 4.84x enhancement in PAE at back-off power levels of 6 and 9.6 dB over class-A operation. In addition, the PA demonstrates strong tolerance to VSWR events with only 2 dB degradation over a VSWR 4:1 load circle and supports 64QAM OFDM modulation with 8 Gbps across 28-40GHz.
Prostaglandins (1980)

The physiologic role of the prostaglandins is complex and not yet defined precisely. Nevertheless, these ubiquitous compounds do appear important to regulation of cell function and host defenses. The therapeutic potential of the prostaglandins seems to be immense, and their use in a wide variety of clinical conditions is just beginning. Whether they will also prove helpful clinically as modulators of the immune response is not clear. It is likely that an appropriate balance of prostaglandin endoperoxides, thromboxanes, prostacyclins, and probably the stable prostaglandins themselves is important to physiologic regulation of many organ systems and of immunologic reactions. Thus, development of drugs that selectively inhibit one or another of the prostaglandins and their allied compounds may prove fruitful in treatment of many diseases, including those associated with disordered immunity and tissue injury. Prostaglandin therapy in such diseases must proceed with caution. In recent studies addition of amantadine to prostaglandin E (PGE) treatment of NZB/W mice not only increased survival of these animals, but prevented development of circulating antibodies to nuclear constituents including native DNA. The results are encouraging, but must be balanced against the observation that deprivation of prostaglandin precursors also prevented nephritis and markedly increased surival of lupus mice. However, prostaglandins might be useful in a disorder whose course is more easily monitored than that of systemic lupus erythematosus: cutaneous vasculitis. The studies in which even oral administration of a PGE1 derivative suppressed immune complex-induced vasculitis (reversed passive Arthus reaction in rat skin) suggest that a trial of PGE1 treatment of cutaneous vasculitis would not be unreasonable.
Leukotriene D <sub>4</sub> and cystinyl-bis-glycine metabolism in membrane-bound dipeptidase-deficient mice (1998)

We have developed mice deficient in membrane-bound dipeptidase (MBD, EC 3.4.13.19), the enzyme believed to be responsible for the conversion of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) to leukotriene E4 (LTE4). The MBD mutation generated by us was demonstrated to be a null mutation by Northern blot analysis and the absence of beta-lactamase activity in lung, kidney, small intestine, and heart. MBD gene deletion had no effect on viability or fertility. The mutant mice retain partial ability to convert LTD4 to LTE4, ranging from 80-90% of the wild-type values in small intestine and liver to 16% in kidney and 40% in lung, heart, and pancreas. MBD is also believed to function consecutively after gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to cleave cystinyl-bis-glycine (cys-bis-gly) generated from glutathione cleavage. Our data indicate that kidney homogenates from MBD-deficient mice retain approximately 40% of their ability to cleave cys-bis-gly, consistent with only modest elevations (3-5-fold) of cys-bis-gly in urine from MBD-deficient mice. These observations demonstrate that the conversion of LTD4 to LTE4 and the degradation of cys-bis-gly are catalyzed by at least two alternative pathways (one of which is MBD) that complement each other to varying extents in different tissues.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Promotes TGF-β-Induced Tregs via Histone Modification but Not DNA Demethylation on Foxp3 Gene Locus (2011)

We have identified the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) by which atRA promotes the development and maintenance of iTregs. These results will help to enhance the quantity and quality of development of iTregs and may provide novel insights into clinical cell therapy for patients with autoimmune diseases and those needing organ transplantation.
Supplementary Figures from Genomic Landscape of Uterine Sarcomas Defined Through Prospective Clinical Sequencing (2023)

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Deep Unfolding Hybrid Beamforming Designs for THz Massive MIMO Systems (2023)

Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is a key enabler for wideband terahertz (THz) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) communications systems. A core challenge with designing HBF systems stems from the fact their application often involves a non-convex, highly complex optimization of large dimensions. In this paper, we propose HBF schemes that leverage data to enable efficient designs for both the fully-connected HBF (FC-HBF) and dynamic sub-connected HBF (SC-HBF) architectures. We develop a deep unfolding framework based on factorizing the optimal fully digital beamformer into analog and digital terms and formulating two corresponding equivalent least squares (LS) problems. Then, the digital beamformer is obtained via a closed-form LS solution, while the analog beamformer is obtained via ManNet, a lightweight sparsely-connected deep neural network based on unfolding projected gradient descent. Incorporating ManNet into the developed deep unfolding framework leads to the ManNet-based FC-HBF scheme. We show that the proposed ManNet can also be applied to SC-HBF designs after determining the connections between the radio frequency chain and antennas. We further develop a simplified version of ManNet, referred to as subManNet, that directly produces the sparse analog precoder for SC-HBF architectures. Both networks are trained with an unsupervised training procedure. Numerical results verify that the proposed ManNet/subManNet-based HBF approaches outperform the conventional model-based and deep unfolded counterparts with very low complexity and a fast run time. For example, in a simulation with 128 transmit antennas, it attains a slightly higher spectral efficiency than the Riemannian manifold scheme, but over 1000 times faster and with a complexity reduction of more than by a factor of six (6).
Short-Distance Optical Interconnections with VCSELs (2017)

Photonic technologies and fiber optic interconnections have been ubiquitous for some time in long-haul communications. Currently they are invading metropolitan and local-area networks. The advantage of optics for long-haul, wide-area, and local-area network interconnections is that high-bandwidth digital optical signals can be inexpensively propagated over long distances in the range of hundreds of meters to thousands of kilometers, at high data rates and with low degradation and attenuation. Furthermore, recent developments have led to the installation of system that exploit the use of a multiplicity of spectral bands in a single fiber for signal transmission through wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to provide an even higher aggregate bandwidth and more networking flexibility. The significant performance advantage of fiber optic interconnections over long distances has also sparked a natural interest in applying photonic technologies to bridge shorter distances with applications like “fiber to the office” and “fiber to the desk;” see Fig. 14.1. This has led to the introduction of an optical interconnection hierarchy that spans the entire range of digital signal link distances in a network.
Antisense Inhibition of Protein Synthesis and Function: Rabbit Retinal Protein (2003)

When considering the use of antisense technology for in vivo apphcatron, whether for therapeutic development or for the creation of animal models for human diseases, a major problem is that most extracellular compartments are constantly mixing with the blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and so forth, and thus constantly diluting the oligonucleotide. A possibly unique exception to this problem is the vitreous, a gelatinous fluid overlying the inner retinal surface. The vitreous is formed early in development and is in essence a relatively closed compartment with no active transport of fluids or ions. Forensic pathologists make use of this fact in determining the composition of electrolytes at the time of death by sampling the vitreal compartment.
A pure number to assess “congestion” in pedestrian crowds (2023)

The development of technologies for reliable tracking of pedestrian trajectories in public spaces has recently enabled collecting large data sets and real-time information about the usage of urban space and indoor facilities by human crowds. Such an information, nevertheless, may be properly used only with the aid of theoretical and computational tools to assess the state of the crowd. As shown in this work, traditional assessment metrics such as density and flow may provide only a partial information, since it is also important to understand how “regular” these flows are, as spatially uniform flows are arguably less problematic than strongly fluctuating ones. Recently, the Congestion Level (CL), based on the computation of spatial variation of the rotor of the crowd velocity field, has been proposed as an assessment metric to evaluate the state of the crowd. Nevertheless, the CL definition was lacking sound theoretical foundations and, more importantly, was of very difficult interpretation (it was difficult to understand “what” CL was measuring). As we believe that such theoretical shortcomings were limiting also its relevance to applied studies, in this work we clarify some aspects concerning the CL definition, and we show that such an assessment metric may be improved by defining a dimensionless Congestion Number (CN). As a first application of the newly defined CN indicator we first focus on the cross-flow scenario and, by using discrete and continuous toy models, idealised “limit scenarios”, more realistic simulations and finally data from experiments with human participants, we show that CN≪1 corresponds to a crowd with a regular and safe motion (even in high density and high flow settings), while CN≈1 indicates the emergence of a congested and possibly dangerous condition. We finally use the CN indicator to analyse and discuss different settings such as bottlenecks, uni-, bi- and multi-directional flows, and real-world data concerning the movement of pedestrians in the world’s busiest railway station.
The Novel Drugs of 2014 –Record Approvals for Niche Markets (2015)

In 2014, 41 new drugs were approved by the FDA, the highest approval in two decades. This number was 52% higher than the 27 approvals in 2013, indicating another year of excellent innovation and productivity. Seventeen drugs (41%) were First-in-Class with a new or unique mechanism of action for treating a disease. Moreover, 17 of 41 (41%) of these novel drugs were for the treatment of rare diseases, a testament to continued focus or shift to niche diseases. The U.S. FDA is the leading authority for drug approvals worldwide. Many schemes and tracks at the FDA have led to accelerated approval of novel drugs. Such reviews as fasttrack or breakthrough designation are established for meeting demand more quickly. Despite such historic drug approvals, there is continued productivity crisis in R &amp; D due to steady cost escalation for drug discovery and development. The U.S. pharmaceutical market is forecasted to increase from an estimated value of $395 billion in 2014 to reach $548 billion by 2020. The prices appear to be increasing faster for branded prescription drugs. Overall, the current drug approvals and trends clearly reveal the pharma industry shift to niche diseases for pricing power and return on investment. &#x0D;
On the thermodynamic hypothesis of protein folding (1998)

The validity of the thermodynamic hypothesis of protein folding was explored by simulating the evolution of protein sequences. Simple models of lattice proteins were allowed to evolve by random point mutations subject to the constraint that they fold into a predetermined native structure with a Monte Carlo folding algorithm. We employed a simple analytical approach to compute the probability of violation of the thermodynamic hypothesis as a function of the size of the protein, the fraction of the total number of possible conformations which are kinetically accessible, and the roughness of the free-energy landscape. It was found that even if the folding is under kinetic control, the sequence will evolve so that the native state is most often the state of minimum free energy.
Elucidating the Electrochemical Activity of Electrolyte-Insoluble Polysulfide Species in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries (2016)

The direct synthesis of Li2 S2 , a proposed solid intermediate in the discharge of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, was accomplished by treating elemental lithium with sulfur in liquid ammonia at -41?? C. The as-synthesized product was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and determined to be a mixture of crystalline Li2 S, amorphous Li2 S2, and higher-order polysulfides (Li2 Sx , x &amp;gt; 2). Monitored filtration followed by a tailored electrochemical approach was used to successfully remove the higher-order polysulfides and yielded a powder, which was determined by XPS to be comprised of 9 mol% insoluble polysulfide species (mainly Li2 S2 ) and 91 mol% Li2 S. This material was discharged galvanostatically in an electrochemical cell and, despite the lack of soluble polysulfide species, was shown to exhibit a discharge plateau at 2.1 V vs. Li/Li+ . This result confirmed the electrochemical reducibility of electrolyte-insoluble polysulfides in Li-S batteries. Moreover, it was determined that the reduction of solid polysulfides was confined to areas where the sulfur-sulfur bonds were in intimate contact with the conductive current collector. Finally, it was observed that commercially available Li2 S samples contain significant quantities of polysulfide-type impurities.
Principal Component Characterization of Deformation Variations Using Dynamic Imaging Atlases (2023)

High-speed dynamic magnetic resonance imaging is a highly efficient tool in capturing vocal tract deformation during speech. However, automated quantification of variations in motion patterns during production of different utterances has been a challenging task due to spatial and temporal misalignments between different image datasets. We present a principal component analysis-based deformation characterization technique built on top of established dynamic speech imaging atlases. Two layers of principal components are extracted to represent common motion and utterance-specific motion, respectively. Comparison between two speech tasks with and without nasalization reveals subtle differences on velopharyngeal deformation reflected in the utterance-specific principal components.