gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Banana Flower Extract Suppresses Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating the Inflammatory Response and Inducing G<sub>1</sub> Cell-cycle Arrest (2018)

Banana flower extract reduced epithelial cell line BPH-1 cell viability through cell-cycle arrest at G<sub>1</sub> phase. Moreover, banana flower extract reduced the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6, while it increased the expression of p53 and p27. Interestingly, banana flower extract suppressed BPH-related inflammatory responses through suppressing cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production. Finally, banana flower extract administered orally to male rats reduced prostatic weight and serum dihydrotestosterone level, and improved prostate gland morphology. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that banana flower extract contains citric acid, taurine, pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid components. In summary, banana flower extract may be used as a therapeutic agent for BPH via anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities.
Horizons in Veterinary Precision Oncology: Fundamentals of Cancer Genomics and Applications of Liquid Biopsy for the Detection, Characterization, and Management of Cancer in Dogs (2021)

Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, in part because many cases are identified at an advanced stage when clinical signs have developed, and prognosis is poor. Increased understanding of cancer as a disease of the genome has led to the introduction of liquid biopsy testing, allowing for detection of genomic alterations in cell-free DNA fragments in blood to facilitate earlier detection, characterization, and management of cancer through non-invasive means. Recent discoveries in the areas of genomics and oncology have provided a deeper understanding of the molecular origins and evolution of cancer, and of the "one health" similarities between humans and dogs that underlie the field of comparative oncology. These discoveries, combined with technological advances in DNA profiling, are shifting the paradigm for cancer diagnosis toward earlier detection with the goal of improving outcomes. Liquid biopsy testing has already revolutionized the way cancer is managed in human medicine - and it is poised to make a similar impact in veterinary medicine. Multiple clinical use cases for liquid biopsy are emerging, including screening, aid in diagnosis, targeted treatment selection, treatment response monitoring, minimal residual disease detection, and recurrence monitoring. This review article highlights key scientific advances in genomics and their relevance for veterinary oncology, with the goal of providing a foundational introduction to this important topic for veterinarians. As these technologies migrate from human medicine into veterinary medicine, improved awareness and understanding will facilitate their rapid adoption, for the benefit of veterinary patients.
Image restoration method with multiframe projection filter (1997)

In this paper, we propose a multiframe projection filter (MFPF) that restores images using several observed images rather than one observed image by enhancing a conventional projection filter. By superimposing several observed images during image restoration, the MFPF reduces random noise. Use of the MFPF enables high-quality image restoration when several observed images of a specified object are available. Since image selection is crucial to the process of superimposition, we also propose a selection equation. The MFPF differs from the multiframe Wiener filter (MFWF), which also uses several observed images, in that it does not require original image correlation numbers during image restoration. Because the MFPF does not require such numbers, the MFPF offers superior image restoration in cases where the original image cannot be elucidated from observed images. At the end of this paper, we present summary findings from an image restoration experiment carried out using the proposed filter. But first, we will confirm the MFPF's effectiveness in superimposing images and give an example of a situation where, given the absence of an original image, the MFPF provides better image resolution than the MFWF. Finally, combining a method for estimating background noise dispersion and an equation for selecting which images to use for superimposition results in an image restoration system capable of functioning when random noise dispersion is unknown. Following the above scheme will confirm the effectiveness of our approach. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 28(7): 65–75, 1997
Mapping H4K20me3 onto the chromatin landscape of senescent cells indicates a function in control of cell senescence and tumor suppression through preservation of genetic and epigenetic stability (2016)

These results corroborate a role for chromatin in underpinning the senescence phenotype but do not support a major role for H4K20me3 in initiation of senescence. Rather, we speculate that H4K20me3 plays a role in heterochromatinization and stabilization of the epigenome and genome of pre-malignant, oncogene-expressing senescent cells, thereby suppressing epigenetic and genetic instability and contributing to long-term senescence-mediated tumor suppression.
Gate-first inversion-type InP metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 gate dielectric (2008)

We present n-channel enhancement-mode inversion-type indium phosphide (InP) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 gate dielectric. It has been found that applying sulfur passivation and postdeposition annealing in the process improves the drive current and subthreshold swing. Transistors on semi-insulating InP substrates show much higher drive current than the ones on p-type InP due to the asymmetric distribution of interface state along the bandgap between InP and Al2O3. The effects of transient and slow traps on the transistor performance have also been investigated using constant electrical stress measurements and pulse measurements.
New Terpenoids from the Roots of <i>Melia azedarach</i> (2002)

Two new terpenoids, bakayanolide (1) and 2a-hydroxy-3ß-methoxy-6-oxo-13a,14ß,17a-lanosta-7,24-dien-21,16ß-olide (2), together with the known compounds 6ß-hydroxy-3-oxo-13a,14ß,17a-lanosta-7,24-dien-21,16ß-olide (3), sendanolactone (4), kulactone (5), and ß-sitosterol have been isolated from the ethanolic root extracts of Melia azedarach . Triterpenoids (4), (5), and ß-sitosterol have been identified previously from M. azedarach , while it is the first instance of the isolation of (3) from this source. The identity of these compounds was established through extensive spectroscopic methods (infrared and mass spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance) as well as appropriate two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Bakayanolide (1) belongs to the rare class of C11 odd terpenes. Compounds (3) and (4) possessed moderate cytotoxic activity against KB cell lines.
EDITORIAL Genetic Epidemiology of Melanoma: of Consortia and Conundrums (2002)

With the explosion of hereditary cancer gene discoveries in the last decade, investigators have been presented with a variety of avenues by which to investigate the mechanisms and impli-cations of genetic mutations. Genetic epidemiology, which has as its objective the elucidation of genetic and nongenetic con-tributions to disease, has risen to the challenge. Although now considered an established field of inquiry, genetic epidemiology continues to use the tools of genetics and epidemiology, rein-terpreting their concepts in the context of novel analyses. In this issue, Bishop et al. (1) report the results of a study that estimates the penetrance of CDKN2A mutations using the resources of an international melanoma consortium. Their key finding is that the penetrance—that is, the probability that CDKN2A mutation car-riers will manifest melanoma—appears to vary by the incidence of melanoma in the general population setting in which it is
Local Bayesian image restoration using variational methods and Gamma-Normal distributions (2009)

In this paper we present a new Bayesian methodology for the restoration of blurred and noisy images. Bayesian methods rely on image priors that encapsulate prior image knowledge and avoid the ill-posedness of image restoration problems. We use a spatially varying image prior utilizing a gamma-normal hyperprior distribution on the local precision parameters. This kind of hyperprior distribution, which to our knowledge has not been used before in image restoration, allows for the incorporation of information on local as well as global image variability, models correlation of the local precision parameters and is a conjugate hyperprior to the image model used in the paper. The proposed restoration technique is compared with other image restoration approaches, demonstrating its improved performance.
A synergistic effect of albumin and fibrinogen on immunoglobulin-induced red blood cell aggregation (2003)

Therapeutic administration of immunoglobulins (Ig) has the potential to precipitate thrombotic events. This phenomenon may be explained by red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, which can be potentiated by Ig. The contribution of plasma albumin and fibrinogen to Ig-induced RBC aggregation is unclear. We examined RBC aggregation in three settings: 1) patients receiving therapeutic infusions of Ig; 2) patients receiving plasma supplemented in vitro with Ig; and 3) patients receiving RBC suspensions in standard buffer with varying concentrations of albumin, Ig, and fibrinogen. Ig infusion augmented aggregation of RBCs from patients with normal or high plasma levels of albumin but decreased aggregation in those with lower plasma albumin concentrations. In vitro, RBC aggregation was significantly increased only when all three components, fibrinogen, albumin, and Ig, were present at or above normal concentrations in the suspension but was unaffected when any one of the components was absent from the suspension. Our results suggest a three-way interaction among fibrinogen, Ig, and albumin that synergistically induces RBC aggregation in plasma. Understanding these interactions may help predict clinically important phenomena related to RBC aggregation, such as thrombotic complications of Ig infusion.
Fibromodulin-deficient Mice Display Impaired Collagen Fibrillogenesis in Predentin as Well as Altered Dentin Mineralization and Enamel Formation (2005)

To determine the functions of fibromodulin (Fmod), a small leucine-rich keratan sulfate proteoglycan in tooth formation, we investigated the distribution of Fmod in dental tissues by immunohistochemistry and characterized the dental phenotype of 1-day-old Fmod-deficient mice using light and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was also used to compare the relative protein expression of dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP 1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN) between Fmod-deficient mice and wild-type mice. In normal mice and rats, Fmod immunostaining was mostly detected in the distal cell bodies of odontoblasts and in the stratum intermedium and was weaker in odontoblast processes and predentin. The absence of Fmod impaired dentin mineralization, increased the diameter of the collagen fibrils throughout the whole predentin, and delayed enamel formation. Immunohistochemistry provides evidence for compensatory mechanisms in Fmod-deficient mice. Staining for DSP and OPN was decreased in molars, whereas DMP 1 and BSP were enhanced. In the incisors, labeling for DSP, DMP 1, and BSP was strongly increased in the pulp and odontoblasts, whereas OPN staining was decreased. Positive staining was also seen for DMP 1 and BSP in secretory ameloblasts. Together these studies indicate that Fmod restricts collagen fibrillogenesis in predentin while promoting dentin mineralization and the early stages of enamel formation.
The effect of acidification of liquid whey protein concentrate on the flavor of spray-dried powder (2014)

Off-flavors in whey protein negatively influence consumer acceptance of whey protein ingredient applications. Clear acidic beverages are a common application of whey protein, and recent studies have demonstrated that beverage processing steps, including acidification, enhance off-flavor production from whey protein. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preacidification of liquid ultrafiltered whey protein concentrate (WPC) before spray drying on flavor of dried WPC. Two experiments were performed to achieve the objective. In both experiments, Cheddar cheese whey was manufactured, fat-separated, pasteurized, bleached (250 mg/kg of hydrogen peroxide), and ultrafiltered (UF) to obtain liquid WPC that was 13% solids (wt/wt) and 80% protein on a solids basis. In experiment 1, the liquid retentate was then acidified using a blend of phosphoric and citric acids to the following pH values: no acidification (control; pH 6.5), pH 5.5, or pH 3.5. The UF permeate was used to normalize the protein concentration of each treatment. The retentates were then spray dried. In experiment 2, 150 μg/kg of deuterated hexanal (D₁₂-hexanal) was added to each treatment, followed by acidification and spray drying. Both experiments were replicated 3 times. Flavor properties of the spray-dried WPC were evaluated by sensory and instrumental analyses in experiment 1 and by instrumental analysis in experiment 2. Preacidification to pH 3.5 resulted in decreased cardboard flavor and aroma intensities and an increase in soapy flavor, with decreased concentrations of hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, decanal, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide compared with spray drying at pH 6.5 or 5.5. Adjustment to pH 5.5 before spray drying increased cabbage flavor and increased concentrations of nonanal at evaluation pH values of 3.5 and 5.5 and dimethyl trisulfide at all evaluation pH values. In general, the flavor effects of preacidification were consistent regardless of the pH to which the solutions were adjusted after spray drying. Preacidification to pH 3.5 increased recovery of D₁₂-hexanal in liquid WPC and decreased recovery of D₁₂-hexanal in the resulting powder when evaluated at pH 6.5 or 5.5. These results demonstrate that acidification of liquid WPC80 to pH 3.5 before spray drying decreases off-flavors in spray-dried WPC and suggest that the mechanism for off-flavor reduction is the decreased protein interactions with volatile compounds at low pH in liquid WPC or the increased interactions between protein and volatile compounds in the resulting powder.
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Feasibility and Safety of Personalized, Multi-Target, Adoptive Cell Therapy (IMA101): First-in-Human Clinical Trial in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends and Tables&lt;/p&gt;
CCDC 110514: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (1996)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Bioimaging of dexamethasone and TGF β‐1 and its biological activities of chondrogenic differentiation in hydrogel constructs (2008)

This study examined the efficacy of poly(NiPAAm-co-AAc) as an injectable drug delivery vehicle and a cell therapeutic agent in the form of a supporting matrix for the chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit chondrocytes. The hydrogel constructs, which consisted of embedded cells co-encapsulating dexamethasone (Dex) and TGF beta-1 or unloaded Dex, were used as controls to determine the effects of Dex and TGF beta-1 on chondrogenic differentiation. The level of Dex and TGF beta-1 released was monitored using a bioimaging method. The amount of Dex released from hydrogel was faster than that of TGF beta-1. TGF beta-1 was present in hydrogel for more than 4 weeks after the injection. The level of the cartilage associated ECM proteins was examined by immunohistochemical staining for collagen type II as well as by Safranin-O and Alcian blue (GAG) staining. These results highlight the potential of a thermo-reversible hydrogel mixed with the chondrocytes and differentiation delivery material for applications in neocartilage formation.
Arbitrarily high-order BGK-Shakhov method for the simulation of micro-channel flows (2012)

A new arbitrarily high order method for the solution of the model Boltzmann equation for micro-channel flows in the transitional regime is presented. The Bhattnagar-Gross-Krook approximation of the Boltzmann collision integral is implemented, with Shakhov’s modification, and the resulting system of equations solved by a discrete ordinate method. The method approximates velocity space using a truncated Hermite polynomial expansion of arbitrary order and performs the associated integration by Gauss-Hermite quadrature. This approach conserves mass, momentum and energy during relaxation of the discretised velocity space towards equilibrium. Physical space is discretised by discontinuous Legendre polynomial expansions with both the spatial representation and conservative flux calculation being of arbitrary order. Owing to the high order spatial representation of the discretised velocity space the BGKShakhov relaxation process is carried out in a ‘continuous in space’ manner. New high order boundary conditions of the inviscid slip wall and no-slip wall are implemented. A new fully diffuse reflection boundary condition, built on the high order spatial information available in the method, is also proposed. Results are presented for low speed planar Couette flow and non-linear channel flow.
Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging of intrinsic fluorescence in human and rat brain tissue reveals spatially distinct NADH binding (2008)

Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of molecules can reveal important information on the local microenvironment. NADH, an intrinsic fluorescent molecule and ubiquitous metabolic co-enzyme, has a lifetime that depends strongly on enzymatic binding. We present a custom image-processing algorithm for raw fluorescence lifetime and amplitude data that produces an image showing spatially distinct NADH fluorescence lifetimes in slices of rat and human brain. NADH FLIM images were collected in control and epileptic rat tissue. Differences in spatial patterns of NADH lifetimes support the hypothesis that NADH binding, and thus metabolic capacity, is significantly different between groups. This type of analysis can provide information on metabolic states in pathological material.
PAC-Bayesian Soft Actor-Critic Learning (2023)

Actor-critic algorithms address the dual goals of reinforcement learning (RL), policy evaluation and improvement via two separate function approximators. The practicality of this approach comes at the expense of training instability, caused mainly by the destructive effect of the approximation errors of the critic on the actor. We tackle this bottleneck by employing an existing Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) Bayesian bound for the first time as the critic training objective of the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm. We further demonstrate that online learning performance improves significantly when a stochastic actor explores multiple futures by critic-guided random search. We observe our resulting algorithm to compare favorably against the state-of-the-art SAC implementation on multiple classical control and locomotion tasks in terms of both sample efficiency and regret.
The extracellular fragment of <scp>GPNMB</scp> (Glycoprotein nonmelanosoma protein B, osteoactivin) improves memory and increases hippocampal GluA1 levels in mice (2014)

Glycoprotein nonmelanoma protein B (GPNMB, alias osteoactivin), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, is cleaved by extracellular proteases, resulting in release of an extracellular fragment (ECF). GPNMB is widely expressed by neurons within the CNS, including the hippocampus; however, its function in the brain remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of GPNMB in memory and learning by using transgenic (Tg) mice over-expressing GPNMB (Tg mice on a BDF-1 background) and ECF-treated mice. In the hippocampus of both wild-type and Tg mice, GPNMB was highly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Tg mice exhibited memory improvements in two types of learning tasks but were impaired in a passive-avoidance test. In Tg mice, the hippocampus displayed increased levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor subunit GluA1. Intracerebroventricular administration of ECF (50 ng) to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice also improved memory in a passive-avoidance test and increased hippocampal GluA1 levels 24 h after treatment. In Tg mice and ECF (0.25 μg/mL)-treated hippocampal slices, long-term potentiation was promoted. These findings suggest that GPNMB may be a novel target for research on higher order brain functions.
Gastric Emptying-Limited Oral Absorption of .ALPHA.-Linolenic Acid Administered as a Milk Fat-Globule Membrane (MFGM) Emulsion in Rats. (1994)

As a study to assess the potential application of milk fat-globule membrane (MFGM), which is of natural origin and expected to be a safer alternative to synthetic emulsifiers, to pharmaceutical dosage forms, the oral absorption of alpha-linolenic acid was evaluated by the analysis of gastrointestinal disposition after oral administration as an MFGM emulsion to rats. A linear model incorporated with first-order gastric emptying followed by first-order intestinal absorption was fitted to the data of the remaining fraction of alpha-linolenic acid versus time profiles for the stomach and small intestine to estimate the rate constants of gastric emptying (kg) and intestinal absorption (ka). The ka (0.045 min-1) was about 4 times larger than the kg (0.011 min-1). The kg was comparable to the apparent oral absorption rate constant estimated by the pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma concentration data. These results suggest that the oral absorption of alpha-linolenic acid administered as MFGM emulsion is gastric emptying-limited and, hence, any change in the intestinal absorption process would only modestly affect its oral absorption.
Differences in Receptor Binding and Stability to Enzymatic Digestion Between CCK-8 and CCK-58 (2002)

The results strongly support the hypothesis that differences in tertiary structure of the carboxyl terminus of CCK-8 and CCK-58 influence receptor binding and stability to enzymatic digestion.
Binomial Line Processes: Distance Distributions (2021)

We introduce the binomial line process (BLP), a novel spatial stochastic model for the characterization of streets in the statistical evaluation of wireless and vehicular networks. Existing stochastic geometry models for streets, e.g., Poisson line processes (PLP) and Manhattan line processes (MLP) lack an important aspect of city-wide street networks: streets are denser in the city center and sparse near the suburbs. Contrary to these models, the BLP restricts the generating points of the streets to a fixed radius centered at the origin of the Euclidian plane, thereby capturing the inhomogeneity of the streets with respect to the distance from the center. We derive a closed-form expression for the contact distribution of the BLP from a random location on the plane. Leveraging this, we introduce the novel Binomial line Cox process (BLCP) to emulate points on individual lines of the BLP and derive the distribution to the nearest BLCP point from an arbitrary location. Using numerical results, we highlight that the spatial configuration of the streets is remarkably distinct from the perspective of a city center user to that of a suburban user. The framework developed in this paper can be integrated with the existing models of line processes for more accurate characterization of streets in urban and suburban environments.