gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actin-filament motion in the in vitro motility assay has a periodic component (1997)

The interaction between actin and myosin can be studied in the in vitro motility assay, where fluorescently labelled actin filaments are observed to move over a lawn of myosin heads. To examine details of this movement, we measured systematically the velocities of the front end, rear end, and centroid of the actin filament as the filament translated over the assay surface. We found that these velocities exhibited an unexpectedly periodic component, alternating regularly between high and low values, superimposed on the steady velocity component. The period of the oscillatory component was approximately 380 ms. When translation was stopped by an increase in osmolarity, the filaments wiggled with a periodicity similar to the translating filament, implying that wiggling and translation may be related. Rigor filaments showed no periodicity. From the frequency content of the auto- and cross-correlation functions derived from the velocities of the front end, rear end, and centroid of the actin filament, we infer a deterministic, possibly wave-like process travelling along the actin filament. Potential molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are considered.
A new approach for estimating and delineating within-field crop water stress zones with satellite imagery (2021)

As water scarcity and demand for food both grow, viable solutions to efficiently irrigate crops are needed. The recent advent of variable rate irrigation systems provides technology for growers to water their fields accounting for the spatially heterogeneous demand of their crops for water. Some zones within a field may require less or more water based on varying solar radiation, soil type, or surface or subsurface water flow paths. Since these processes are heterogeneous and complex, they are challenging to model or measure with the spatial resolution necessary to implement successful variable rate irrigation. In this paper, we present a new approach that uses high-resolution (20 to 100 m) satellite imagery obtained from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 to estimate zones of crop water stress. Our approach integrates two independent measures of crop water availability – Normalized Difference Water Index, and Evapotranspiration modelled using remotely sensed land surface temperature – with k-means clustering to delineate zones in an automated fashion. Our study area in southern Idaho has been set up experimentally to grow crops that are water-stressed and not water-stressed, thus providing a rigorous design to test and validate our method. The results of our method agree well with our independent suite of crop water stress measures, such as yield, variable irrigation rates, and matric potential. This method can be used to develop data-driven zones for variable rate irrigation, which has the potential to improve the efficiency of water use without sacrificing yield.
URTICARIAL AND ECZEMATOUS REACTION TO BENZOPHENONE IN FINISHED PLASTIC (2000)

Overview | The leading peer-reviewed scientific journal in contact dermatitis, and the only journal in its field that publishes leading research in atopic, contact, occupational, environmental, and drug dermatitis.
Cervicovaginal microbiota not dominated by lactobacilli are associated with HIV viral shedding in African female sex workers (2013)

Background. Cervicovaginal microbiota may influence HIV shedding in the genital tract of HIV positive women and onward transmission to their sex partners. \nMethods. The HIV-1 RNA concentration (lower limit of detection 40 copies/ml) was measured cross-sectionally in cervicovaginal lavages of 108 HIV-positive women from a well-characterised cohort of female sex workers Kigali, Rwanda. Cervical samples of 49 of these women were also evaluated by a phylogenetic microarray specifically designed to characterise the cervicovaginal microbiome. 251 probes were used for co-regularised spectral clustering analysis and 123 probes (specific at species or genus level) to describe microbiome compositions. \nResults. Six microbiome clusters were identified, representing a gradient from low (semi-quantitative) bacterial load and diversity dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus (R-I) and L. iners (R-II), to intermediate bacterial load and diversity (R-V), to high bacterial load and diversity (R-III, R-IV, and R-VI) dominated by a mixture of (facultative) anaerobes. A statistically significant trend was observed with 10% of women in clusters R-I/R-II, 40% of women in cluster R-V, and 42.1% of women in cluster R-III/R-IV/R-VI having detectable HIV-1 RNA (p trend 0.03). Positive correlations were found between HIV-1 RNA concentrations and (semi-quantitative) levels of Prevotella spp. (spearman rho 0.4, p 0.002), Sneathia spp. (rho 0.38, p 0.003) and Dialister spp. (rho 0.36, p 0.006). Lactobacillus was the only genus with a negative correlation with HIV-1 RNA levels (rho 0.37, p 0.005). These associations remained significant when adjusted for CD4 count. In bivariable analysis, other factors associated with detectable genital HIV-1 RNA levels were not using antiretroviral therapy (ART), genital itching, other specific genital symptoms, abundant cervical mucus on pelvic exam, HPV infection (but not HSV-2 antibodies), and bacterial vaginosis by Nugent scoring. Microbiome clustering was not associated with ART. \nConclusion. In this group of HIV-positive sex workers, cervicovaginal microbiota that were not dominated by lactobacilli were associated with cervicovaginal HIV-shedding, which was not mediated by CD4 count.
Simulations of a birdcage coil B&lt;inf&gt;1&lt;/inf&gt;+ field on a human body model for designing a 3T multichannel TMS/MRI head coil array (2018)

This article considers a new type of integrated multichannel Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (TMS/MRI) system at 3T that is currently being designed. The system will enable unprecedented spatiotemporal control of the TMS-induced electric fields (Efields) with simultaneous rapid whole-head MRI acquisition to record the brain activity. A critical design question is how TMS coil elements interact with the transmit field (${\mathrm B}_{1}^{+}$) of the volume coil integrated in 3T MRI systems. In general, the TMS coils are not designed to have any resonant characteristics at the MRI frequency, they may potentially disturb the RF field due to the eddy currents induced. This is especially a concern with a multichannel TMS setup where the subject's head will be largely covered with the stimulation coils. Therefore, we investigated this problem by computational simulations with realistic TMS coil geometries and a birdcage transmit coil in conjunction with a human body model. We compared the ${\mathrm B}_{1}^{+}$ interaction effects of a commercially available MR-compatible TMS coil with our coil prototype. In both cases, the results show small local changes in the transmit field ${\mathrm B}_{1}^{+}$of the birdcage coil. Maximal Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values over 1g tissue were found to be slightly lower when the TMS elements were present. We conclude that it should be feasible and safe to use the conventional body transmit coil even when an array of TMS coils is used.
Silicon‐Based Cooling Elements (2014)

This chapter presents an introduction to superconductor-semiconductor (S-Sm) tunnel junction coolers, before outlining some of the progresses made during the nanofunction program on electron cooling from 300 mK in silicon-based junctions. PtSi is an interesting material to consider as a Schottky barrier to Si because of its role as a contact material in the semiconductor industry. The chapter investigates carrier-phonon coupling in unstrained silicon, with both n- and p-type dopants, and the effect of increasing the strain in silicon grown on a Si1–xGex virtual substrate with the Ge fraction x of 20% and 30%. The reduction in e-ph coupling shows promise for dramatic improvements in performance of bolometric detectors for a variety of electromagnetic radiation sensing applications using silicon based cold electron bolometers.
Asymptotic resource consumption in multicast reservation styles (1994)

The goal of network design is to meet the needs of resident applications in an efficient manner. Adding real-time service and point-to-multipoint multicast routing to the Internet's traditional point-to-point best effort service model will greatly increase the Internet's efficiency in handling point-to-multipoint real-time applications. Recently, the RSVP resource reservation protocol has introduced the concept of “reservation styles”, which control how reservations are aggregated in multipoint-to-multipoint real-time applications. In this paper, which is an extension of [9], we analytically evaluate the efficiency gains offered by this new paradigm on three simple network topologies: linear, m-tree, and star. We compare the resource utilization of more traditional reservation approaches to the RSVP reservation styles in the asymptotic limit of large multipoint applications. We find that in several cases the efficiency improvements scale linearly in the number of hosts.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Diagnosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Burns (2005)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with burns. In nonburn populations, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) excludes other pathology such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome. We hypothesized that BAL would decrease our false-positive VAP rate. All ventilated patients with burn injury who were admitted to our institution from July 2000 through June 2003 were included. After June 2001, BAL was used to make the diagnosis of VAP, with > or =10(4) organisms considered a positive result. Fifty patients met criteria for VAP, 21 in the pre-BAL period and 29 in the BAL period. Six patients (21%) in the BAL group had quantitative cultures <10(4) and were not treated. The outcomes for these patients were not different than those treated for VAP. There were no differences in age, TBSA size, antibiotic use, or ventilator days for the pre-BAL or BAL groups, although the pneumonia rate was lower for the BAL time period. The use of BAL eliminated the unnecessary antibiotic treatment of 21% of patients in the BAL time period and was associated with a lower rate of VAP.
Forestry and the Art of Frying Small Fish (1998)

This paper is in the form of a narrative exploration of trees and woods. It embraces both the rational and the non-rational dimensions of experience, and mingles science with a little fancy. It begins by questioning some contemporary attitudes towards woods, then proceeds to consider how they function, it continues with some reflections on the cultural significance of trees and woods, and concludes with some ideas on the implications for woodland management.
Triazolam impairs learning and fails to improve sleep in a long-range aerial deployment. (1989)

Of the soldiers deployed from the 18th Airborne Corps, Ft. Bragg, NC, on the Army's annual field exercise in the Middle East (Operation Brightstar) 68 received either placebo or 0.5 mg of triazolam once airborne on the first leg of their journey from the U.S. to the Middle East. Sleep and activity were measured during the flight by means of a wrist-worn activity monitor. Cognitive performance, mood, and sleepiness were measured 8 h after drug administration during a refueling stop in Europe. Triazolam did not increase the duration or improve the continuity of sleep during the 8-h flight from the U.S. to the refueling point. The scheduling of an inflight meal contributed to this lack of effect. There were no differences in mood or sleepiness between the two groups as assessed by the Profile of Mood States and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. Ability to recall verbal material presented immediately prior to testing was impaired by triazolam 8 h after ingestion, as evidenced by fewer items recalled on the Logical Memory portion of the Wechsler Memory Scale. These results suggest that triazolam at a dose of 0.5 mg is unsuitable for use in long-range aerial deployments when unimpaired cognitive functioning is required immediately upon arrival.
An implantable bioartificial hemofilter: Ultrafiltrate volume depends on vascular density and collecting fiber surface area (2006)

Lytle, Ian F. MD; Dhawan, Vikas MD, PhD; Tiranathanagul, Khajohn MD; Lou, Liandi MD; Borschel, Gregory MD; Tziampazis, Evangelos; Buffington, Deborah; Zhang, Wen-Xiang MD; Humes, David MD; Brown, David MD Author Information
Economics of space: estimating the economic significance of a NASA testing facility (2012)

This timely and fascinating book illustrates how applied geography can contribute in a multitude of ways to assist policy processes, evaluate public programs, enhance business decisions, and contribute to formulating solutions for community-level problems.
Hepcidin and Ferritin Predict Microbial Etiology in Community-Acquired Pneumonia (2021)

Hepcidin and ferritin are potential biomarkers of microbial etiology in community-acquired pneumonia.
Unexpected thymic hyperplasia in transgenic mice harboring a neuronal promoter fused with simian virus 40 large T antigen. (1987)

The hypothalamic peptide growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) regulates the secretion and production of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary (M. C. Gelato and G. R. Merriam, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 48:569-591). To study GRF gene regulation, transgenic mice were generated that harbor the human GRF promoter fused to the coding sequences from the simian virus 40 early region. These mice had normal hypothalamic functions but unexpectedly suffered from severe thymic hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that large T antigen was expressed in the thymic epithelial cells. These cells have endocrine properties and are known to produce thymic hormones [corrected]. The thymic hyperplasia was the apparent consequence of inappropriate production of T-cell maturation factors by epithelial cells and could involve increased self renewal of apparently normal T stem cells in the thymus.
Nile Red Staining for Oil Determination in Microalgal Cells: A New Insight through Statistical Modelling (2015)

In the wake of global warming and rapid fossil fuel depletion, microalgae emerge as promising feedstocks for sustainable biofuel production. Nile red staining acts as a rapid diagnostic tool to measure the amount of biodiesel-convertible lipid that the cells accumulate. There is a need for the development of a more uniform staining procedure. In its first phase, this study examined the dependence of microalgal Nile red fluorescence ( Tetraselmis suecica ) in terms of its most pertinent staining variables. A quadratic surface model that successfully described the Nile red fluorescence intensity as a composite function of its variables was generated (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.86</mml:mn></mml:math>). Cell concentration was shown to have a significant effect on the fluorescence intensity. Up to a certain threshold, fluorescence intensity was shown to increase with Nile red dye concentration. In its second phase, the study reviewed findings from previous Nile red studies to elucidate some of the fundamental mechanism underlying the diffusion of Nile red dye molecules into the microalgal cells and their subsequent interaction with intracellular lipids. Through the review process, we were able to develop a simple framework that provided a set of guidelines for the standardization of the Nile red staining procedure across different microalgal species.
Pharmacodynamic activity of selumetinib to predict radiographic response in advanced uveal melanoma. (2012)

8598 Background: Functionally activating mutations (mut) in Gnaq or Gna11, genes that encode for widely expressed G-protein alpha subunits, are early oncogenic events in uveal melanoma (UM) development and result in activation of the MAPK pathway. We previously demonstrated effective pathway inhibition with selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142866) in UM cell lines, with decreased viability associated with pERK and cyclinD1 suppression (Ambrosini, AACR 2010). Methods: Using paired metastatic tumor biopsies from patients (pts) with radiographically progressing UM treated with selumetinib 75 mg BID on a phase II trial (NCT01143402), we correlated MAPK pathway inhibition with radiographic tumor regression and clinical benefit. Biopsies were performed at baseline and after 14 +/-1 days of treatment. Western blotting was performed for pERK and cyclinD1, and quantitated by densitometry. Response (RECIST 1.1) was assessed at baseline, week (wk) 4, wk 8, and q8wks subsequently. Radiographic regression was defined as greatest percentage shrinkage from baseline. Clinical benefit was defined as RECIST response or stable disease ≥16wks. Results: Paired tumor biopsies were assayed from 18 pts: median age 60 (range 47-81), M:F 11:7, median 1 prior therapy (range 0-2), 17 with liver involvement, Gnaq mut:Gna11 mut:wild-type 8:9:1. Radiographic regression was observed in 5 pts, with 2 achieving partial responses. 4 pts were on study ≥16wks (16+, 20, 25, 31 wks), with one currently on study at 11+ wks. Median pERK and cyclinD1 as measured by densitometry decreased by 48% (p=.03) and 76% (p=.03), respectively. Radiographic regression correlated with suppression of pERK (Spearmen’s rank correlation; p=0.04) but not cyclinD1 (p=0.38). A trend towards pERK suppression correlating with clinical benefit was observed (p=.07) with each of the 5 pts achieving PR or SD ≥16wks having a decrease of ≥30% in pERK from baseline. Conclusions: Selumetinib can inhibit pERK and cyclinD1 in UM and can result in tumor shrinkage. Sustained inhibition of pERK inhibition at day 14 may be predictive of benefit. Further evaluation of MEK inhibition in this disease is warranted.
Chemical modification of DNA with muta-carcinogens. II. Base sequence-specific binding to DNA of 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1). (1985)

2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) binds covalently to DNA after metabolic activation to give 2-(C8-guanyl)amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Gua-Glu-P-1). The importance of the intercalative ability of the Glu-P-1 skeleton into DNA base pairs for this reaction is emphasized. The reactive form of Glu-P-1, N-acetoxy-Glu-P-1 (N-OAc-Glu-P-1), reacts preferentially at the C8 position of guanine residues in G-C-rich regions of DNA.
Amorphous InSb and InAs[subscript 0.3]Sb[subscript 0.7] for long wavelength infrared detection (2011)

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of amorphous InSb and InAs[subscript 0.3]Sb[subscript 0.7] films deposited on Corning glass, Al[subscript 2]O[subscript 3] CdZnTe, SiO[subscript 2]-Si, and CaF2 substrates by Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering have been studied as they relate to Mid and Long Wavelength Infrared (MWIR and LWIR) detection. Depositions at elevated substrate temperature and pressure of <10mTorr Ar show an emergence of crystalline grains with strong X-ray diffraction peaks at the (111) and (220) orientations. Electronically the amorphous InSb and InAs[subscript 0.3]Sb[subscript 0.7] films deposited at 300K show hopping conduction with resistance in InSb ranging from 44 to 1.1E8 Ω-cm at 300K and 84K respectively. Optical analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) show the absorption of these films has an absorption tail, the equation of which differing activation energies in InSb and InAs0.3Sb0.7. Amorphous InSb and InAs[subscript 0.3]Sb[subscript 0.7] films showed thermal responsivity in excess of 100V/W for 6μm thick films held at 233K. The maxima and minima of the responsivity are shown to correspond to the interference fringes in the film. The response is highly substrate dependent and compares favorably to other thermal detectors.
Tunable diode-laser absorption measurements of NO_2 near 670 and 395 nm (1996)

Two single-mode diode lasers were used to record high-resolution absorption spectra of NO(2) (dilute in Ar) near 670.2 and 394.5 nm over a range of temperatures (296 to 774 K) and total pressures (2.4 × 10(-2) to 1 atm). A commercial InGaAsP laser was tuned 1.3 cm(-1) at a repetition rate of 1 kHz to record the absorption spectra near 670.2 nm. In separate experiments with a prototype system, an external-cavity GaAlAs laser was frequency doubled with a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO(3) waveguide and tuned 3.5 cm(-1) to record absorption spectra near 394.5 nm. Variations of the spectral absorption coefficients with temperature and pressure were determined from measured spectra.
Advanced glycation end products are associated with limited range of motion of the shoulder joint in patients with rotator cuff tears associated with diabetes mellitus (2022)

The DM group showed significant AGEs deposition in the shoulder capsule. Additionally, there was a significant association between AGEs and ROM limitation. Collectively, the findings suggest that the oxidative stress induced by AGEs deposition, which leads to fibrosis and local inflammation, might contribute to the limited ROM of the shoulder joint in patients with RCTs accompanied by DM.
Regulation of erythrocyte lifespan: do reactive oxygen species set the clock? (2007)

The forkhead box O (Foxo) subfamily of transcription factors regulates expression of genes important for many cellular processes, ranging from initiation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis to induction of DNA damage repair. Invertebrate Foxo orthologs such as DAF-16 also regulate longevity. Cellular responses inducing resistance to ROS are important for cellular survival and organism lifespan, but until recently, mammalian factors regulating resistance to oxidative stress have not been well characterized. Marinkovic and colleagues demonstrate in this issue of the JCI that Foxo3 is specifically required for induction of proteins that regulate the in vivo oxidative stress response in murine erythrocytes (see the related article beginning on page 2133). Their work offers the interesting hypothesis that in so doing, Foxo3 may regulate the lifespan of red blood cells, and underlies the importance of understanding the direct targets of this transcription factor and its regulation.
Domain Adaptation in SMT of User-Generated Forum Content Guided by OOV Word Reduction: Normalization and/or Supplementary Data? (2012)

This paper reports a set of domain adaptation techniques for improving Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) for usergenerated web forum content. We investigate both normalization and supplementary training data acquisition techniques, all guided by the aim of reducing the number of Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) items in the target language with respect to the training data. We classify OOVs into a set of types, and address each through dedicated normalization and/or supplementary training material selection-based approaches. We investigate the effect of these methods both in an additive as well as a contrastive scenario. Our findings show that (i) normalization and supplementary training material techniques can be complementary, (ii) for general forum data, fully automatic supplementary training data acquisition can perform as well or sometimes better than semi-automatic normalization (although tackling different types of OOVs) and (iii) for very noisy data, normalization really pays off.