gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical study of the six types of endocrine cells in the enteropancreatic system of the lizard <i>Tropidurus torquatus</i> (Squamata: Tropiduridae) (2017)

The present study investigates the aspects of endocrine cells secreting cholecystokinin, gastrin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and serotonin in the enteropancreatic system of Tropidurus torquatus. The specimens were collected in Marambaia Island, Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The animals’ intestine and pancreas were removed, fixed, processed and then subjected to immunohistochemical techniques. Three cell types, immunoreactive (IR) to gastrin, cholecystokinin-8 and serotonin, were identified in the intestinal mucosa. Serotonin was found in the small and large intestines, whereas gastrin and cholecystokinin-8 cells were only observed in the large intestine of T. torquatus. Glucagon, somatostatin and insulin were not observed in the intestines at all. Only glucagon, somatostatin and insulin were identified in the pancreas of the studied lizards. The dorsal lobe showed a large number of endocrine cells scattered throughout the exocrine parenchyma and in the exocrine duct walls. The present study shows that the intestine and pancreas of T. torquatus hold most of the regulatory peptides, presenting a structure similar to that in other vertebrates such as birds and mammals. The endocrine cells identified in the lizards’ enteropancreatic system evidences the good phylogenetic preservation of the regulatory peptides’ molecular structure.
The Need for Research on Mobile Technologies for People with Low-Vision (2013)

We argue that there needs to be more research on technologies for people with low-vision. While the vast majority of people with vision impairments have some functional vision, accessibility research tends to focus on nonvisual interaction. Researchers can make mobile devices more accessible to low-vision people by exploring target acquisition, text entry, and text and image output for this group of users. Researchers can also use mobile devices as tools to better enable lowvision users to access printed material and signage. Author Keywords Low-vision, mobile accessibility.
Speaker-invariant Affective Representation Learning via Adversarial Training (2019)

Representation learning for speech emotion recognition is challenging due to labeled data sparsity issue and lack of gold standard references. In addition, there is much variability from input speech signals, human subjective perception of the signals and emotion label ambiguity. In this paper, we propose a machine learning framework to obtain speech emotion representations by limiting the effect of speaker variability in the speech signals. Specifically, we propose to disentangle the speaker characteristics from emotion through an adversarial training network in order to better represent emotion. Our method combines the gradient reversal technique with an entropy loss function to remove such speaker information. Our approach is evaluated on both IEMOCAP and CMU-MOSEI datasets. We show that our method improves speech emotion classification and increases generalization to unseen speakers.
<i>In Vitro</i> , <i>In Vivo</i> , and Clinical Studies of Tedizolid To Assess the Potential for Peripheral or Central Monoamine Oxidase Interactions (2013)

Tedizolid phosphate is a novel oxazolidinone prodrug whose active moiety, tedizolid, has improved potency against Gram-positive pathogens and pharmacokinetics, allowing once-daily administration. Given linezolid warnings for drug-drug and drug-food interactions mediated by monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, including sporadic serotonergic toxicity, these studies evaluated tedizolid for potential MAO interactions. In vitro, tedizolid and linezolid were reversible inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B; the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for tedizolid was 8.7 μM for MAO-A and 5.7 μM for MAO-B and 46.0 and 2.1 μM, respectively, with linezolid. Tedizolid phosphate was negative in the mouse head twitch model of serotonergic activity. Two randomized placebo-controlled crossover clinical studies assessed the potential of 200 mg/day tedizolid phosphate (at steady state) to enhance pressor responses to coadministered oral tyramine or pseudoephedrine. Sensitivity to tyramine was determined by comparing the concentration of tyramine required to elicit a ≥ 30-mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (TYR30) when administered with placebo versus tedizolid phosphate. The geometric mean tyramine sensitivity ratio (placebo TYR30/tedizolid phosphate TYR30) was 1.33; a ratio of ≥ 2 is considered clinically relevant. In the pseudoephedrine study, mean maximum systolic blood pressure was not significantly different when pseudoephedrine was coadministered with tedizolid phosphate versus placebo. In summary, tedizolid is a weak, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A and MAO-B in vitro. Provocative testing in humans and animal models failed to uncover significant signals that would suggest potential for hypertensive or serotonergic adverse consequences at the therapeutic dose of tedizolid phosphate. Clinical studies are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01539473 (tyramine interaction study conducted at Covance Clinical Research Center, Evansville, IN) and NCT01577459 (pseudoephedrine interaction study conducted at Vince and Associates Clinical Research, Overland Park, KS).
Regulation of monokine gene expression: prostaglandin E2 suppresses tumor necrosis factor but not interleukin-1 alpha or beta-mRNA and cell-associated bioactivity. (1989)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-mediated suppression of macrophage interleukin-1 alpha,beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis was examined at the cellular and molecular levels. Treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated adjuvant-elicited murine macrophages with 5 x 10(-7) M PGE2 caused a 70% reduction in cell-associated TNF but had no suppressive effect on cell-associated interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. Consistent with this result, Northern blot and nuclear transcription analyses demonstrated suppression of TNF mRNA but PGE2 had no effect on IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA accumulation, as compared to LPS controls. Immunoperoxidase staining for cell-associated TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta demonstrated that PGE2 suppressed TNF, but not IL-1 alpha or -beta expression, supporting the bioassay data. These results imply that PGE2-mediated regulation of IL-1 alpha,beta and TNF alpha is quite distinct. Synthesis of TNF appears to be regulated at least at the level of transcription, whereas that for IL-1 alpha and -beta is regulated post-transcriptionally.
Structure and mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Spike N679-V687 deletion variant elucidate cell-type specific evolution of viral fitness (2021)

As the global burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections escalates, so does the evolution of viral variants which is of particular concern due to their potential for increased transmissibility and pathology. In addition to this entrenched variant diversity in circulation, RNA viruses can also display genetic diversity within single infected hosts with co-existing viral variants evolving differently in distinct cell types. The BriS{Delta} variant, originally identified as a viral subpopulation by passaging SARS-CoV-2 isolate hCoV-19/England/02/2020, comprises in the spike glycoprotein an eight amino-acid deletion encompassing the furin recognition motif and S1/S2 cleavage site. Here, we elucidate the structure, function and molecular dynamics of this variant spike providing mechanistic insight into how the deletion correlates to viral cell tropism, ACE2 receptor binding and infectivity of this SARS-CoV-2 variant. Moreover, our study reveals long-range allosteric communication between functional regions within the spike that differ in wild-type and deletion variant. Our results support a view of SARS-CoV-2 probing multiple evolutionary trajectories in distinct cell types within the same infected host.
Functionalized Poly(3-hexylthiophene)s via Lithium–Bromine Exchange (2014)

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the most extensively investigated conjugated polymers and has been employed as the active material in many devices including field-effect transistors, organic photovoltaics and sensors. As a result, methods to further tune the properties of P3HT are desirable for specific applications. Herein, we report a facile postpolymerization modification strategy to functionalize the 4-position of commercially available P3HT in two simple steps-bromination of the 4-position of P3HT (Br-P3HT) followed by lithium-bromine exchange and quenching with an electrophile. We achieved near quantitative lithium-bromine exchange with Br-P3HT, which requires over 100 thienyl lithiates to be present on a single polymer chain. The lithiated-P3HT is readily combined with functional electrophiles, resulting in P3HT derivatives with ketones, secondary alcohols, trimethylsilyl (TMS) group, fluorine, or an azide at the 4-position. We demonstrated that the azide-modified P3HT could undergo Cu-catalyzed or Cu-free click chemistry, significantly expanding the complexity of the structures that can be appended to P3HT using this method.
A monitoring and measurement architecture for traffic engineered IP networks. (2001)

With the constantly growing usage of the Internet, the need for deployment of value-added IP services has recently yielded a dramatic investigation effort in the field of IP traffic engineering. Traffic engineering can be defined as a collection of techniques that will allow service providers to use the network resources as efficiently as possible, according to the different quality levels that are associated with the range of services they provide. The monitoring activity can play an important role for assisting the operation of traffic engineered networks. This paper explains how to obtain and manage the measurement information which is required by traffic engineering algorithms in dimensioning the network, dynamic resource allocation and route management, and in-service verification of traffic and performance characteristics of value-added IP services. The paper focuses on the description of a monitoring and measurement architecture that is designed within the context of the TEQUILA project, partly funded by the European Commission within the context of IST development program. ########: Monitoring, Measurements, Quality of Service (QoS), Service Level Specification (SLS), Traffic Engineering (TE), Per Hop Behaviour (PHB), Label Switch Path (LSP). 1
Solution‐Based Processing of Graphene–Li<sub>2</sub>S Composite Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion and Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2014)

Nanostructured Li2S and graphene–Li2S composite cathodes are prepared via a versatile solution-based method. Graphene improves the cathode conductivity, rate, and cycling performance of Li2S. Higher electrolyte molarity enhances cycle stability of the cathodes owing to reduced polysulfide dissolution and maintaining better mechanical properties of a PVDF binder.
Polariton Lasing of Multiple-Layered InGaN/GaN/AlGaN Axial Heterostructure Nanorods for Tunable Nanolasers (2022)

Polariton lasing of nanorods is investigated in a multiple-layered axial heterostructure to realize tunable features of lasing, such as the threshold, wavelength, and mode spacing. In a cylindrical nanorod with the configuration of GaN/AlGaN/InGaN/AlGaN/GaN prepared using a top–down approach, the excitonic emission of composite materials indicates the successful formation of the heterostructure, while the distinctive lasing of individual composites suggests controllable properties in the heterostructure. The optical confinement effects enhance the development of an exciton–polariton, leading to the characteristic refractive index in each layer due to the energy-dependent dispersion. The unique Fabry–Pérot modes of lasing propose manageable mode spacing by varying the polaritonic effects and composite materials, even without a change in the length. In addition, the feature of a polariton improves the reflectivity of end facets, which is further enhanced by the modification with silver to lower the lasing threshold. Polariton lasing in the multiple-layered axial heterostructure nanorod is observed for the first time, demonstrating the possibility of controlling the characteristics of lasing by the modulation of the gain volume, layer sequence, and end facet. Polariton nanolasers are expected to enhance the efficiency of nanoscale devices with tunable wavelength, optical gain, and mode spacing.
New observations on the physical mechanism of Vth-variation in nanoscale CMOS devices after long term stress (2011)

A new effect, called random trap fluctuation(RTF), is proposed to study the impact of hot carrier stress on the device variability. It was found that not only the popular random dopant fluctuation (RDF), but also the traps, caused by the HC stress or FN-stress, induce the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variation. After the FN stress, it was found that V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variation is worse in pMOSFETs due to stress-induced interface traps. While, under the HC stress, different V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variations were found for nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs. The V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variation is enhanced in pMOSFETs due to RTF and reduced in nMOSFET as a result of the Trap Blocking Effect (TBE). RTF in pMOSFET might be the dominant factor of CMOS reliability for future generations.
Oxidative injury and endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy: A combined cytochemical and immunocytochemical study (1996)

Endothelial cell dysfunction has been implicated in a number of microvascular complications of diabetes. Microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy present initially as leaky vessels in the neural retina which lead to deterioration of vision. Oxidative injury as a result of free radical production has been suggested as a mechanism of endothelial cell dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia. The NADPH oxidase complex catalyzes the formation of superoxide (O 2 · − ); hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is formed by dismutaion of O 2 · − . Cytochemical localization of the free radical derived oxidant, H 2 O 2 , was done by the cerium NADPH/NADH oxidase method in eyes of obese, noninsulin dependent diabetic BBZ/Wor rats with diabetes of five and ten months duration. Age matched, nondiabetic controls were eyes from BB/Wor DR rats. Endothelial cell dysfunction, indicated by leaky vessels, was documented by colloidal gold immunocytochemical localization of extravasated endogenous serum albumin on sections of retina in which H 2 O 2 had been localized.
Hardware invariant protocol disruptive interference (2004)

We consider that the target of intentional interference is a communication channel and we attempt to find interference capable of degrading communication throughput. The goal is to achieve disruption independent of hardware implementation while maintaining hardware functionality. We call such interference HIPDI (hardware invariant protocol disruptive interference) and parameterize it using a concept called hardware aperture, as defined by the protocol of the channel. We show that simple CW and AM interference is capable of halting throughput for 100BaseTX Ethernet networks for all hardware configurations considered.
CCDC 1423174: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2017)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Biosynthesis, Structure, and Function of Neuromelanin and its Relation to Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Update (1997)

No longer dismissed as just a mere curiosity in the family of melanin pigments, neuromelanin is attracting increasing interest as a central constituent of certain populations of dopaminergic neurons in the human substantia nigra, which may hold the key for the understanding of neuron functioning and degeneration in aging and in Parkinson's disease. It is the purpose of this article to provide a concise review of the most significant data on the origin, structure, and functional significance of neuromelanin that accrued over the past few years. It also aims at critically surveying the currently debated views regarding the role of such intriguing pigment in the etiology and biochemical pathology of Parkinson's disease.
Adhoc electromagnetic compatibility testing of non-implantable medical devices and radio frequency identification (2013)

Testing confirms that RFID has the ability to interfere with critical medical equipment. Hospital staff should be aware of the potential for medical device EMI caused by RFID systems and should be encouraged to perform on-site RF immunity tests prior to RFID system deployment or prior to placing new medical devices in an RFID environment. The methods presented in this paper are time-consuming and burdensome and suggest the need for standard test methods for assessing the immunity of medical devices to RFID systems.
Parotid cancer: Impact of changes from the 1997 to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer classification on outcome prediction (2008)

The TNM 2002 staging is more valid than the 1997 system, but a significant problem was observed in separating stage I from stage II, and within the stage IV subgroups.
Thieno[3,2-&lt;I&gt;b&lt;/I&gt;]thiophene-Based Conjugated Polyfluorene Copolymer for Efficient Polymer Solar Cell (2014)

We have synthesized and characterized a polyfluorene derivative composed of octyl-substituted thieno[3,2,-b]thiophene and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole as an acceptor unit. The best power conversion efficiencies of the polymer were showed with 1.63% and 2.31% by using PCBM and PC71BM, respectively.
Noise Estimation Using Density Estimation for Self-Supervised Multimodal\n Learning (2020)

One of the key factors of enabling machine learning models to comprehend and\nsolve real-world tasks is to leverage multimodal data. Unfortunately,\nannotation of multimodal data is challenging and expensive. Recently,\nself-supervised multimodal methods that combine vision and language were\nproposed to learn multimodal representations without annotation. However, these\nmethods often choose to ignore the presence of high levels of noise and thus\nyield sub-optimal results. In this work, we show that the problem of noise\nestimation for multimodal data can be reduced to a multimodal density\nestimation task. Using multimodal density estimation, we propose a noise\nestimation building block for multimodal representation learning that is based\nstrictly on the inherent correlation between different modalities. We\ndemonstrate how our noise estimation can be broadly integrated and achieves\ncomparable results to state-of-the-art performance on five different benchmark\ndatasets for two challenging multimodal tasks: Video Question Answering and\nText-To-Video Retrieval. Furthermore, we provide a theoretical probabilistic\nerror bound substantiating our empirical results and analyze failure cases.\nCode: https://github.com/elad-amrani/ssml.\n
Interactive exploration of the underwater sonar space (2002)

Today, the US Navy's submarine fleet is equipped with a multitude of advanced, highly capable acoustic sensors and systems that are utilized in many aspects of tactical, navigational, and operational command and control (C2). These modern sonar systems collect, process, store, disseminate, and display sensor data. It is the real-time operational understanding of this collective sensor data that we term sensorspace awareness. Rapid advances in processing techniques, computing power, and sensor technology present a new challenge - sonar operators require extensive training and experience in order to deal with an enormous amount of acoustic data using limited 2D display and interaction tools - nearly unchanged in the past 25 years. Fraunhofer CRCG and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center present a highly interactive Large Scale Visualization Environment (LSVE) for performing the essential tasks of detection and classification of sonar contacts. Our prototype application employs a semi-immersive 3D display system, multiple and mixed modalities of interaction and feedback, and state-of-the-art volumetric visualization and abstraction techniques. The described use-case includes simulated passive sonar data from an advanced towed array system, chosen for both the amount and high degree of dimensionality typical of the data produced. In our scenario, an operator uses the LSVE to rapidly detect a contact in a low signal to noise environment and performs the task of classification. This paper describes the application scenario, approach and implementation of the LSVE and concludes with experiences, lessons learned, and future directions from both the interactive large-scale visualization as well as an application point of view.
Characterization and Management of Popular Content in KAD (2012)

The endeavor of this work is to study the impact of content popularity in a large-scale Peer-to-Peer network, namely KAD. Based on an extensive measurement campaign, we pinpoint several deficiencies of KAD in handling popular content and provide a series of improvements to address such shortcomings. Our work reveals that keywords, which are associated with content, may become popular for two distinct reasons. First, we show that some keywords are intrinsically popular because they are common to many disparate contents: in such case we ameliorate KAD by introducing a simple mechanism that identifies stopwords. Then, we focus on keyword popularity that directly relates to popular content. We design and evaluate an adaptive load balancing mechanism that is backward compatible with the original implementation of KAD. Our scheme features the following properties: 1) it drives the process that selects the location of peers responsible to store references to objects, based on object popularity; 2) it solves problems related to saturated peers that would otherwise inflict a significant drop in the diversity of references to objects, and 3) if coupled with a load-aware content search procedure, it allows for a more fair and efficient usage of peer resources.
A new design and algorithm for lenticular lenses display (2016)

In this study, a novel autostereoscopic 3D display design based on our patent specification is proposed and demonstrated. In contrast to common autostereoscopic two-view-designs with lenticulars, our approach allows more distance between image splitter and display panel. In comparison to 3D displays showing details at nominal distance, our design projects the images to a near zone in front of the display. As a consequence, the low magnification factor reduces distance errors from relative movements of display panel and image splitter. An image processing algorithm was developed to arrange the content and correct display shortcomings of image allocation caused by optical properties of the lenticulars. In addition, this algorithm allows static adjustment and tracking of observer position in a defined area in front of the display. We integrated the display in a production chain for digitalization and presentation of cultural heritage objects and developed special web-based modules for stereo rendering and user interaction, so that observers may explore cultural content in a natural manner.