gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible hydrogen storage materials (2023)

In accordance with the present disclosure, a process for synthesis of a complex hydride material for hydrogen storage is provided. The process includes mixing a borohydride with at least one additive agent and at least one catalyst and heating the mixture at a temperature of less than about 600.degree. C. and a pressure of H.sub.2 gas to form a complex hydride material. The complex hydride material comprises MAl.sub.xB.sub.yH.sub.z, wherein M is an alkali metal or group IIA metal, Al is the element aluminum, x is any number from 0 to 1, B is the element boron, y is a number from 0 to 13, and z is a number from 4 to 57 with the additive agent and catalyst still being present. The complex hydride material is capable of cyclic dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation and has a hydrogen capacity of at least about 4 weight percent.
Effect of Hydrolyzed Infant Formula vs Conventional Formula on Risk of Type 1 Diabetes (2018)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00179777.
Collecting Verified COVID-19 Question Answer Pairs (2020)

Adam Poliak, Max Fleming, Cash Costello, Kenton Murray, Mahsa Yarmohammadi, Shivani Pandya, Darius Irani, Milind Agarwal, Udit Sharma, Shuo Sun, Nicola Ivanov, Lingxi Shang, Kaushik Srinivasan, Seolhwa Lee, Xu Han, Smisha Agarwal, João Sedoc. Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on NLP for COVID-19 (Part 2) at EMNLP 2020. 2020.
Benchmarking diagnosis algorithms with a diverse set of IC deformations (2005)

Diagnosis algorithms for integrated circuits (ICs) are typically developed and evaluated using a limited number of logic-level models of defect behaviors. However, it is well-known that real IC defects exhibit behavior well outside these models. Consequently, the utility of IC diagnosis methodologies may be uncertain. A simulation-based benchmarking strategy is developed that uses circuit-level models to describe the complex nature of real defects. Specifically, we have proposed a simple yet powerful strategy using a small circuit and a set of bounded deformations (i.e., defects) for measuring the effectiveness of diagnosis techniques. Evaluation of several simple and commercial diagnosis algorithms indicates that this form of diagnosis benchmarking is viable.
Unraveling Glycerophospholipidomes by Lipidomics (2008)

SummaryIn recent years, proteomics has driven developments of mass spectrometric approaches. Simultaneously, the research community has regained a major interest in lipids, with mass spectrometry unambiguously facilitating the development of lipidomics. Quantitative determination of molecular lipids is essential for addressing the role of lipids in cellular membranes and in metabolic dysfunctions, potentially leading to a disease state. Lipidomics has therefore evoked great interest in academic research laboratories and in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in biomarker and drug discovery. A high-throughput oriented lipidomics methodology enabling quantitative analysis of the glycerophospholipidome in an automated fashion is described in this chapter. The methodology explicitly shows enormous potential and promises to play a key role in cell biology, molecular medicine, and drug discovery.
Evaluation of Schiff-Base Covalent Organic Frameworks for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Structure–Performance Relationships, Stability, and Performance under Wet Conditions (2021)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been considered promising adsorbent materials for postcombustion CO2 capture due to their high porosity, tunable functionalities, and excellent framework stability. Nevertheless, few research studies have systematically investigated the structure–performance relationships and the effect of moisture on CO2 capture performance of COFs. In this study, a series of Schiff-base COFs with different functionalities, pore sizes, and framework dimensions are prepared and evaluated for potential applications in postcombustion CO2 capture. Gas sorption isotherms and ideal CO2/N2 sorption selectivity calculations reveal the following: (1) COFs undergoing enol-to-keto transformations outperform other studied COFs with imine functionalities and similar pore sizes. (2) CO2 uptake capacity of a COF is not necessarily a function of its pore aperture and specific surface area. TpPa-1 with keto-enamine moieties exhibits an impressive CO2 uptake of 0.6 mmol g–1 and a CO2/N2 sorption selectivity of 114. Dynamic breakthrough experiments of wet CO2/N2 mixed gas (17% relative humidity) indicate that both keto-COFs studied, NUS-2 and TpPa-1, retain about 70% of their dry CO2 adsorption capacities, which can be attributed to the moderately hydrophobic pore environment of the COFs. Considering the noticeable cost of flue gas desiccation, our study suggests that COFs with moderate hydrophobicity would be promising adsorbent candidates for practical postcombustion CO2 capture.
A Gambling Approach to Scalable Resource-Aware Streaming (2007)

In this paper, we propose a resource-aware solution to achieving reliable and scalable stream diffusion in a probabilistic model, i.e., where communication links and processes are subject to message losses and crashes, respectively. Our solution is resource-aware in the sense that it limits the memory consumption, by strictly scoping the knowledge each process has about the system, and the bandwidth available to each process, by assigning a fixed quota of messages to each process. We describe our approach as gambling in the sense that it consists in accepting to give up on a few processes sometimes, in the hope to better serve all processes most of the time. That is, our solution deliberately takes the risk not to reach some processes in some executions, in order to reach every process in most executions. The underlying stream diffusion algorithm is based on a tree-construction technique that dynamically distributes the load of forwarding stream packets among processes, based on their respective available bandwidths. Simulations show that this approach pays off when compared to traditional gossiping, when the latter faces identical bandwidth constraints.
Improved Rate Capability in a High-Capacity Layered Cathode Material via Thermal Reduction (2011)

Thermal treatment of the high-capacity integrated-structure cathode material Li2MnO3-LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, and Co) under a reductive H2 atmosphere was investigated as a means to improve its rate capability when incorporated into a Lithium-ion battery (LIB). The heat-treated electrode, with a composition of Li1.12Mn0.55Ni0.145Co0.1O2, shows a better coulombic charge-discharge efficiency and a good cycleability than the pristine material. This improvement can be attributed to a reduction in the valence of some Mn ions from 4+ to 3+, as monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
300-GHz-band wireless communication using a low phase noise photonic source (2019)

The implementation of advanced multi-level modulation schemes such as quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) in contrast to the conventional on-off keying (OOK) is crucial to further boost the terahertz (THz) communications speed. Thereby, the phase noise reduction in the THz range is one of the key goals that need to be urgently achieved. In this paper, a low phase-noise photonic source based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) phenomenon is first introduced in a 300-GHz-band QPSK wireless communication link. The highest data rate at forward-error-correction limited condition was 15 Gbaud with the SBS source, and transmission characteristics are evaluated and compared with conventional optical frequency comb (OFCG)-based sources at 5 Gbaud. Our Brillouin-based photonic source has been proven to offer better performances than the OFCG-based one with respect to the phase noise, the optical carrier to noise ratio, and the bit error rate in communications.
Investigations of Cathode Spots Behavior in Transverse Magnetic Fields (2018)

Investigations in an alternative current synthetic circuit have been performed in order to study the influence of transverse magnetic fields on the cathode spots behavior at a short gap (~3 mm) on CuCr contacts in vacuum. The experiments were conducted with currents from a few hundreds up to several thousands Amperes (8'000 A). With no magnetic field, it was observed that the cathode spots are located within a disk, whose radius grows with current and time (diffuse arc mode). Their motion is driven by the repulsive force between the spots. When a transverse magnetic field is imposed (>10 mT), the cathode spots had two opposite behaviors. First, the cathode spots located on the periphery of the disk in the anti-Amperian direction: those cathode spots keep their individual aspect and are quickly accelerated in a retrograde motion to the edge of the contacts, as expected in the literature. The other spots, the majority, tend to gather to form a group of spots in the Amperian direction. It has been observed that the higher the magnetic field strength, the denser the group of cathode spots become. It was also found that the concentration of cathode spots influences the plasma-electrode interaction at the anode. Indeed, it appears that the current at which the anode starts to melt is shifted to lower values in the presence of a transverse magnetic field.
Detection and Characterization of a Dehalogenating Microorganism by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprinting of 16S rRNA in a Sulfidogenic, 2-Bromophenol-Utilizing Enrichment (2004)

Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of reverse-transcribed 16S rRNA during periods of community flux was used as a tool to delineate the roles of the members of a 2-bromophenol-degrading, sulfate-reducing consortium. Starved, washed cultures were amended with 2-bromophenol plus sulfate, 2-bromophenol plus hydrogen, phenol plus sulfate, or phenol with no electron acceptor and were monitored for substrate use. In the presence of sulfate, 2-bromophenol and phenol were completely degraded. In the absence of sulfate, 2-bromophenol was dehalogenated and phenol accumulated. Direct terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of the 16S rRNA in the various subcultures indicated that phylotype 2BP-48 (a Desulfovibrio-like sequence) was responsible for the dehalogenation of 2-bromophenol. A stable coculture was established which contained predominantly 2BP-48 and a second Desulfovibrio-like bacterium (designated BP212 based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting) that was capable of dehalogenating 2-bromophenol to phenol. Strain 2BP-48 in the coculture could couple reductive dehalogenation to growth with 2-bromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, or 2-iodophenol and lactate or formate as the electron donor. In addition to halophenols, strain 2BP-48 appears to use sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate as electron acceptors and is capable of simultaneous sulfidogenesis and reductive dehalogenation in the presence of sulfate.
Site-specific binding of wild-type p53 to cellular DNA is inhibited by SV40 T antigen and mutant p53. (1992)

Wild-type p53 protein was shown to bind specifically to DNA sequences within SV40 (Bargonetti et al. 1991), the human ribosomal gene cluster (RGC) (Kern et al. 1991a), and the murine muscle creatine kinase gene (MCK) (Zambetti et al. 1992). However, a direct comparison of these three sites was not performed. Here we demonstrate, by filter binding and gel mobility-shift assays, that wild-type p53 binds with similar affinities to MCK and RGC sites but less tightly to the SV40 site. We examined the effects of two candidate regulators of p53 function, SV40 large T antigen and oncogenic mutant p53, on the binding of wild-type p53 to RGC DNA. We show that wild-type T antigen prevents p53 from binding to the RGC site under all conditions tested. Moreover, two temperature-sensitive mutant SV40 T antigens, which fail to transform cells at the nonpermissive temperature, prevent p53 from binding to the RGC site at the permissive, but not at the restrictive, temperature. The ability of complexes containing wild-type p53 and tumor-derived mutant p53 proteins to bind to RGC DNA varies according to the position of the mutation. Complexes containing wild-type and either his175 or his273 mutant p53 proteins are completely unable to bind to the RGC DNA sequence. Interestingly, a complex containing wild-type p53 and the trp248 mutant p53 characteristic of Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients displays nearly wild-type levels of binding. Perhaps this mutant allele can be tolerated in these individuals because the wild-type mutant p53 complex maintains the ability to bind to DNA. Our data indicate that the oncogenic potential of both T antigen and some mutant p53 proteins is the result of their ability to block binding of wild-type p53 to DNA.
Photoaffinity labeling of the multidrug resistance protein 2 (ABCC2/cMOAT) with a photoreactive analog of LTC(4). (2011)

Several studies have shown that the multidrug resistant protein MRP2 mediates the transport of chemotherapeutic drugs and normal cell metabolites, including Leukotriene C (LTC(4)); however direct binding of the LTC(4) to MRP2 has not been demonstrated. In this study, a photoreactive analog of LTC(4) (IAALTC(4)) was used to demonstrate its direct binding to MRP2. Our results show specific photoaffinity labeling of MRP2 with IAALTC(4) in plasma membranes from MDCKII(MRP2) cells. The photoaffinity labeling signal of MRP2 with IAALTC(4) was much lower than that of MRP1, consistent with previous studies whereby the measured K(m) values of MRP1 and MRP2 for LTC(4) were 1 μM and 0.1 μM LTC(4), respectively. Competition of IAALTC(4) photoaffinity labeling to MRP2 with MK571, a well characterized inhibitor of MRP2 function, showed ~75% reduction in binding in the presence of 50 μM excess MK571. Interestingly, unmodified LTC(4) enhanced the photoaffinity labeling of IAALTC(4) to MRP2, whereas excess GSH and Quercetin had no significant effect. Mild tryptic digestion of photoaffinity labeled MRP2 revealed several photoaffinity labeled peptides that localized the IAALTC(4) binding to a 15 kDa amino acid sequence that contains transmembrane 16 and 17. Together these results provide the first demonstration of direct LTC(4) binding to MRP2.
State-of-the-art tools for next-generation underwater optical imaging systems (2013)

The detection and identification of underwater threats in coastal areas is of interest to the Navy. Conventional optical imaging systems are limited to scenarios where the number of attenuation lengths between the system and the object are less than 4. With a desire to operate at extended ranges and threats becoming smaller and better camouflaged, new approaches are needed. In response to these challenges, new transmitters and receivers are being developed to support the next-generation of underwater optical imaging systems. One of these systems is based on the modulated pulse concept where a pulsed laser source is encoded with a radar signal, and a range-gated, high-speed optical receiver recovers the radar modulation envelope. Subsequent processing of the radar signal provides a way to discriminate against multiply scattered light and to enhance image contrast and resolution. The challenge is developing transmitter and receiver hardware that meets the requirements of the modulated pulse technique. We report recent progress that has been made in developing modulated pulse transmitter and receiver hardware. A working prototype was demonstrated and tested in a controlled laboratory environment. The results of these initial experiments are presented.
Low-frequency noise and hysteresis in graphene field-effect transistors on oxide (2010)

The authors report measurements of low-frequency noise and hysteresis in graphene monolayer and bilayer field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated on 90 and 290 nm oxidised silicon substrates. The authors observe hysteresis induced by stressing the oxide up to fields of 2 MV/cm and have characterised the hysteresis against stress time and sample temperature. Low-frequency current noise with a 1/f2 spectral density arises from the drift of neutrality point voltage, and subsequent drift of graphene FET channel current. A simple model of charge trapping at the graphene–oxide interface and thermally activated ion motion accounts for the temperature dependence of the observed hysteresis.
pBaSysBioII: an integrative plasmid generating gfp transcriptional fusions for high-throughput analysis of gene expression in Bacillus subtilis (2010)

Plasmid pBaSysBioII was constructed for high-throughput analysis of gene expression in Bacillus subtilis. It is an integrative plasmid with a ligation-independent cloning (LIC) site, allowing the generation of transcriptional gfpmut3 fusions with desired promoters. Integration is by a Campbell-type event and is non-mutagenic, placing the fusion at the homologous chromosomal locus. Using phoA, murAA, gapB, ptsG and cggR promoters that are responsive to phosphate availability, growth rate and carbon source, we show that detailed profiles of promoter activity can be established, with responses to changing conditions being measurable within 1 min of the stimulus. This makes pBaSysBioII a highly versatile tool for real-time gene expression analysis in growing cells of B. subtilis.
RNA–Amino Acid Binding: A Stereochemical Era for the Genetic Code (2009)

By combining crystallographic and NMR structural data for RNA-bound amino acids within riboswitches, aptamers, and RNPs, chemical principles governing specific RNA interaction with amino acids can be deduced. Such principles, which we summarize in a "polar profile", are useful in explaining newly selected specific RNA binding sites for free amino acids bearing varied side chains charged, neutral polar, aliphatic, and aromatic. Such amino acid sites can be queried for parallels to the genetic code. Using recent sequences for 337 independent binding sites directed to 8 amino acids and containing 18,551 nucleotides in all, we show a highly robust connection between amino acids and cognate coding triplets within their RNA binding sites. The apparent probability (P) that cognate triplets around these sites are unrelated to binding sites is congruent with 5.3 x 10(-45) for codons overall, and P congruent with 2.1 x 10(-46) for cognate anticodons. Therefore, some triplets are unequivocally localized near their present amino acids. Accordingly, there was likely a stereochemical era during evolution of the genetic code, relying on chemical interactions between amino acids and the tertiary structures of RNA binding sites. Use of cognate coding triplets in RNA binding sites is nevertheless sparse, with only 21% of possible triplets appearing. Reasoning from such broad recurrent trends in our results, a majority (approximately 75%) of modern amino acids entered the code in this stereochemical era; nevertheless, a minority (approximately 21%) of modern codons and anticodons were assigned via RNA binding sites. A Direct RNA Template scheme embodying a credible early history for coded peptide synthesis is readily constructed based on these observations.
Energy-Efficiency-Aware Upgrade of Network Capacity (2017)

Energy efficiency of a network, defined as the number of bits transmitted per unit of consumed energy, increases with the traffic load for a constant network capacity. This comes from the fact that energy is composed of two components: a fixed one, consumed by the network regardless of the traffic load, and a variable one, which depends on the traffic load. And so, when traffic load increases, the fixed component gets amortized. However, a network upgrade, namely adding more equipment in the network to fit traffic increase, comes typically with a higher increase in capacity than traffic, at least for a while after the upgrade, as traffic previsions are based on relatively long term projections. Thus, the power consumption of the network would increase faster than the traffic, and energy efficiency would then decrease. We investigate in this work the conditions under which a network upgrade does not deteriorate its energy efficiency. We consider two ways of upgrading a network: either by adding equipment with the same technology or by deploying equipment with another technology, typically more recent and more efficient. We discuss in both cases the number of equipment to be added so that to preserve the network's energy performance.
Intermittent Exposure of Primitive Quiescent Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor <i>In vitro</i> Promotes their Elimination by Imatinib Mesylate (2006)

Intermittent exposure to G-CSF can enhance the effect of imatinib mesylate on CML cells by specifically targeting the primitive quiescent leukemic elements. A protocol for treating chronic-phase CML patients with imatinib mesylate that incorporates intermittent G-CSF exposure may offer a novel strategy for obtaining improved responses in vivo.
Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) with Pendant Spiroxazine Moieties (2008)

An ionic polymer with pendant photochromic moieties was prepared by the reaction of poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) and 1,3,3-trimethyl-6'-bromohexyloxyspiro[2H]-indol-2,3'-[3H]-naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine. The photochromic reaction in question is caused by the reversible heterolytic cleavage of the C(spiro)-O bond under UV irradiation, yielding the colored form that can return to the colorless form by ring closure under visible light irradiation or in dark. The visible range absorption of the corresponding polymer increased gradually by UV irradiation which is ascribed to the generation of the open merocyanine form from the closed spiro form. The ionic conductivity of polymer increased upon UV irradiation, which brought about the generation of zwitterions form, and subsequently decreased in dark, which brought about the generation of closed spiro form. Sufficient reversibility was found in this polymer and this response was completely synchronized with that in the absorbance changes.
Optimum dual‐resonant impedance matching of coupling element based mobile terminal antenna structures (2007)

Abstract This article presents a theoretical study on optimum dual‐resonant impedance matching of coupling element based mobile terminal antenna structures. First, optimum tuning of the system of two series‐resonant circuits connected to each other with an ideal impedance transformer and an impedance inverter is studied. Simple, explicit equations are derived for optimum circuit parameters of the resonator system. After this, design rules are presented for a practical discrete‐component realization of a matching circuitry specifically optimized for nonresonant antenna structures. Special emphasis has been put on minimizing the complexity of the matching network. Discussion is also given on equivalent circuit modeling of the combination of chassis and a coupling element. The presented matching network design methodology is shown to work well when applied with a realistic coupling element based mobile terminal antenna structure. The results of this article also indicate that the combination of the chassis of a mobile terminal and a simple coupling element can be with a good enough accuracy approximated as a series‐RLC equivalent circuit. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2472–2477, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22762