gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopies of a Molecular Monolayer in an All-Dielectric Nanoantenna (2018)

A reduction in the number of loss decay channels present in optical nanoantennas could help enhance an emitter’s radiation efficiency. These losses get amplified for emitters in close proximity to metallic surfaces, such as for self-assembled monolayers, reducing the fluorescence rate. However, such a proximity strongly enhances Raman scattering. A dual-sensing scheme should bypass this shortcoming, and switching from metals to high refractive index dielectrics could aid in that direction. In order to show this, we fabricated silicon nanodimers and coated them with a β-carotenal monolayer for detecting surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence emission of the same probe. We obtained a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) factor of 1720 ± 300 for the C–C bond stretching of the polyene chain and a surface fluorescence enhancement (SEF) factor of 470 ± 90. Furthermore, our theoretical studies of different materials and emitters located on the surface of nanostructures demonstrate that low-loss dielectric materials provide a robust architecture for enhancing the response of efficient emitters. These results could have a direct impact on the development of deterministic high-rate single-photon sources.
HIV Type 1 <i>pol</i> Gene Diversity and Genotypic Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (2010)

In this study, HIV strains circulating among military personnel were characterized, in Malabo, the capital city of Equatorial Guinea. One sample was found to be HIV-2 group A while a high degree of genetic diversity was recorded in the pol region of 41 HIV-1-positive samples. CRF02_AG accounted for 53.7% of the strains, and 11 different variants were obtained in the remaining 19 samples: subtype G (n = 3), A3 (n = 2), C (n = 2), CRF26_A5U (n = 2), F2 (n = 1), CRF06 (n = 1), CRF09 (n = 1), CRF11 (n = 1), CRF22 (n = 1), and divergent subtype A (n = 1) and F (n = 1). One strain could not be classified and three were unique recombinants. Analysis of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations revealed two patients each harboring one major mutation, M46I in protease and D67N in reverse transcriptase sequences, respectively. The high genetic diversity and emerging ARV resistance mutations call for frequent surveys and appropriate monitoring of ARV considering the increasing access to ARV in the country.
A confirmatory trial of modified radical hysterectomy for patients with FIGO stage IB1 cervical cancer with tumor diameter preoperatively estimated at 2 cm or less: Japan Clinical Oncology Group study, JCOG1101. (2023)

5532 Background: The standard surgery for Stage IB1 uterine cervical cancer is radical hysterectomy (RH, Piver class III hysterectomy). However, RH is highly invasive, and there is a need to establish less invasive techniques. We conducted a single-arm confirmatory trial (JCOG1101) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified radical hysterectomy (MRH) in patients with tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm Stage IB1 cervical cancer (jRCT: jRCTs031180167). Methods: From January 2013 to August 2017, 240 patients were enrolled from 40 institutions in Japan. Eligibility criteria included: (1) FIGO 2008 Stage IB1 cervical cancer; (2) histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma (mucinous or endometrioid) or adenosquamous carcinoma; (3) tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm (measured by MRI or conization specimen); and (4) neither distant LN metastasis nor distant metastasis in CT. In case that the cancer could be microinvasive, conization was required to exclude Stage IA cases. The protocol surgery involved cutting the anterior layer of the vesicouterine ligament of the uterus and dissecting regional lymph nodes. Only laparotomy was permitted: laparoscopy and robotic surgery were not allowed. Postoperative irradiation was administered in cases where pelvic LN or parametrial invasion was positive, depth in the cervical wall invasion was ≥ 2/3, or surgical margin was &lt; 1 cm by pathological findings. The primary endpoint was 5-year overall survival (OS). We set the expected 5-year OS of MRH at 95.8% (5-year OS of RH in JCOG0806A, retrospective observational study) and the threshold 5-year OS at 90.8%. Results: Among 225 eligible patients, 193 (85.8%) were pT1b1 (UICC 7th), and 184 (81.8%) had pathological maximal tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm. Parametrial involvement, lymph node metastasis, ≥ 2/3 stromal invasion and &lt; 1 cm surgical margin were observed in 3 (1.3%), 16 (7.1%), 30 (13.3%) and 11 (4.9%) patients, respectively. Thirty-nine patients (17.3%) underwent adjuvant (chemo)radiation. Median follow-up was 77.7 months. Five patients (2.2%) died, and 5-year OS was 98.2% (90% CI: 96.0-99.2, &gt; 90.8%). Thirteen patients (5.8%) relapsed (8 local recurrence and 5 distant recurrence), and 5-year relapse-free survival was 94.7% (95% CI: 90.8-96.9%). Self-urination was observed in all patients, and residual urine disappearance up to 56 days after urethral catheter removal was observed in 213 patients (94.7%). Median time to disappearance of residual urine after urethral catheter removal was 1 day. There was no treatment-related death. Grade 3/4 non-hematological adverse events were observed in 17 patients (7.6%), including 8 infection and 4 hemorrhage. Conclusions: In this study, MRH was as effective as RH and less invasive. MRH can be considered a standard surgery for tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm Stage IB1 uterine cervical cancer. Clinical trial information: UMIN000009726 , jRCTs031180167 .
HAPS Selection for Hybrid RF/FSO Satellite Networks (2022)

Nonterrestrial networks have been attracting much interest from the industry and academia. Satellites and high-altitude platform station (HAPS) systems are expected to be the key enablers of next-generation wireless networks. In this article, we introduce a novel downlink satellite communication (SatCom) model, where free-space optical (FSO) communication is adopted between a satellite and a HAPS node. A hybrid FSO/radio-frequency transmission model is used between the HAPS node and the ground station (GS). In the first phase of transmission, the satellite selects the HAPS node that provides the highest signal-to-noise ratio. In the second phase, the selected HAPS decodes and forwards the signal to the GS. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, outage probability expressions are derived for exponentiated Weibull and shadowed-Rician fading models while considering the atmospheric turbulence, stratospheric attenuation, and attenuation due to scattering, path loss, and pointing errors. Additionally, asymptotic analysis is carried out, and diversity gain is provided. Furthermore, the impacts of the aperture averaging technique, temperature, and wind speed are investigated. We also provide some important guidelines that can be helpful for the design of practical HAPS-aided SatCom. Finally, the results show that the use of HAPS improves the system performance and that the proposed model performs better than all other existing models.
Structure of Nifenazone (2004)

The crystal of the title compound, C17H16N4O2, belongs to space group P21/n with cell dimensions of a = 14.841(1), b = 7.1537(8), c = 15.663(2)Å, and β = 114.057(4)°. The final R value is 0.055. The pyrazole ring takes a slightly twisted conformation with the two nitrogen atoms being located on the opposite side of the plane defined by three other atoms in the ring. The dihedral angle between this ring and the pyridine and benzene rings are 53.4(1) and 57.2(1)°, respectively.
El proyecto de cambio escolar: una opción para mejorar la educación básica (2009)

En el presente articulo se propone un conjunto de pautas para elaborar un Proyecto de Cambio Escolar (PCE) que puede contribuir a atender la exigencia radical y urgente de una formacion de calidad para los alumnos de educacion basica. El PCE comprende la articulacion de estrategias y recursos para dar continuidad y coherencia a las actividades escolares desde cuatro dimensiones (personal, aulica, institucional y contextual) y una secuenciacion flexible de cuatro fases (diagnostico, diseno, desarrollo y evaluacion). De igual modo, se advierte que el cambio escolar no sigue pautas lineales, uniformes y graduales, sino que implica un complicado y desafiante proceso caracterizado por resistencias y adhesiones, conflictos y oportunidades, retrocesos y avances
On the ability of monolingual models to learn language-agnostic\n representations (2021)

Pretrained multilingual models have become a de facto default approach for\nzero-shot cross-lingual transfer. Previous work has shown that these models are\nable to achieve cross-lingual representations when pretrained on two or more\nlanguages with shared parameters. In this work, we provide evidence that a\nmodel can achieve language-agnostic representations even when pretrained on a\nsingle language. That is, we find that monolingual models pretrained and\nfinetuned on different languages achieve competitive performance compared to\nthe ones that use the same target language. Surprisingly, the models show a\nsimilar performance on a same task regardless of the pretraining language. For\nexample, models pretrained on distant languages such as German and Portuguese\nperform similarly on English tasks.\n
Cell Activation Signals and the Pathogenesis of Human Cytomegalovirus (1990)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection induces a series of cellular responses that resemble those observed in cells activated by growth factors or hormones including: hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; Ca2+ influx and an increase in the cytosolic free [Ca2+]; an increase in Na+ entry; and, increases in cellular levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. The time courses for some of these responses appear to be markedly protracted relative to those observed for growth factors. The prolonged physiologic responses in CMV-infected cells appear to be related to modifications in the intracellular environment that are associated with the development of cytomegaly and with the phasing of CMV-directed macromolecular synthesis. For example, as the infected cell enlarges, the rate of CMV DNA synthesis increases by about 4-fold, late nuclear inclusions develop and progeny viruses are formed. When the CMV-induced activation signals are inhibited or their physiologic responses are blocked, then the yields of infectious CMV are substantially reduced. Furthermore, perturbation of the cell cycle resulting from induction of the cell activation process by CMV may be causally related to the induction of cellular damage by CMV, even in the absence of productive infection. Accordingly, the CMV-induced pathophysiologic cell activation responses represent potential targets for novel antiviral therapy.
Comparison of axial flux machine performance with different rotor and stator configurations (2017)

Axial flux machines (AFMs) are used in applications that require high power and torque densities in a pancake-type form factor. There are various types of AFMs based on the configuration of the rotor/stator and magnet orientation. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis and comparison of AFMs with different rotor and stator configurations are presented. Considered topologies are: slotted AFMs with single stator single rotor (SSSR), double stator single rotor (DSSR) and single stator double rotors (SSDR). The effect of magnet orientations such as interior permanent magnet or surface permanent magnets is also considered. The analytical sizing equations are used as a first step then optimizations are performed through the 3D finite element analysis (FEA) to attain maximum torque density while staying within the mechanical and electrical constraints. The performances of the AFM types are compared with respect to torque density, power factor and efficiency.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Manipulating TLR Signaling Increases the Anti-tumor T Cell Response Induced by Viral Cancer Therapies. (2019)

The immune response plays a key role in enhancing the therapeutic activity of oncolytic virotherapies. However, to date, investigators have relied on inherent interactions between the virus and the immune system, often coupled to the expression of a single cytokine transgene. Recently, the importance of TLR activation in mediating adaptive immunity has been demonstrated. We therefore sought to influence the type and level of immune response raised after oncolytic vaccinia therapy through manipulation of TLR signaling. Vaccinia naturally activates TLR2, associated with an antibody response, whereas a CTL response is associated with TLR3-TRIF-signaling pathways. We manipulated TLR signaling by vaccinia through deglycosylation of the viral particle to block TLR2 activation and expression of a TRIF transgene. The resulting vector displayed greatly reduced production of anti-viral neutralizing antibody as well as an increased anti-tumor CTL response. Delivery in both naive and pre-treated mice was enhanced and immunotherapeutic activity dramatically improved.
A modified cerium-based histochemical method for detection of experimentally-induced ATPase impairment in glomeruli of the rat kidney. (1993)

We studied glomerular ATPase activity, as detectable at the light microscopic (LM) level in cryostat sections of the rat kidney, after unilateral local X-irradiation. The biochemically detectable reduction in glomerular ATPase activity after X-irradiation could be demonstrated at the LM level by application of a modified cerium-based technique. Results show a clear reduction of reaction product in glomeruli in X-irradiated kidneys as compared with the contralateral control kidney. Technical parameters (i.e., tissue fixation, second thickness, cerium concentration of the incubation mixture, and percentage H2O2 added for the amplification step) were established for optimal reproducibility of the staining results. We show that this modified staining protocol allows detection of differences of ATPase activity in contrast to conventional histochemical methods. Inhibition studies with various phosphatase inhibitors and competitive substrate inhibition experiments revealed that the enzyme is specific for nucleoside di- and triphosphatases. Since reduced glomerular adenine nucleotidase activity has recently been recognized as an early event in (experimental) glomerulonephritis, we feel that the new staining protocol presented here may be highly relevant for routine tissue section screening in nephropathological research.
Forget-me-not (2016)

Text messaging has long been a popular activity, and today smartphone apps enable users to choose from a plethora of mobile messaging applications. While we know a lot about SMS practices, we know less about practices of messaging applications. In this paper, we take a first step to explore one ubiquitous aspect of mobile messaging -- messaging history. We designed, built, and trialled a mobile messaging application without history named forget-me-not. The two-week trial showed that history-less messaging no longer supports chit-chat as seen in e.g. WhatsApp, but is still considered conversational and more 'engaging'. Participants expressed being lenient and relaxed about what they wrote. Removing the history allowed us to gain insights into what uses history has in other mobile messaging applications, such as planning events, allowing for distractions, and maintaining multiple conversation threads.
Development of Antibody Fragments for Therapeutic Applications (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Antibodies Conclusions
Phase i study evaluating the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with carbon ion radiotherapy: The PROMETHEUS-01 trial (2011)

NCT 01167374.
New insights into the supression of plant pathogenic fungus (Phytophthora cinnamomi) by compost leachates (2003)

Use of compost as a soil conditioner and low-grade fertiliser is gaining popularity worldwide (Epstein, 1997). Compost not only adds plant nutrients to the soil, but also improves physical properties of soil such as buffering capacity, cation exchange capacity and water holding capacity. In addition to these benefits, compost can also suppress plant diseases caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (Hoitink et al., 1977), Pythium aphanidermatum (Mandelbaum and Hadar, 1990), Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfoii (Gorodecki and Hadar, 1990).&#13;\n&#13;\nIrwin et al., (1995) reported that the diseases caused by P. cinnamomi are directly responsible for considerable economic losses in many horticultural, ornamental and forestry industries throughout Australia. Phytophthora spp. continue to be the focus of attention of many researchers due to the diversity of P. cinnamomi-host interactions and their potential economic impact on a wide range of industries.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe practise of using methyl bromide and other chemicals for disinfection of soil is widespread (Trill as et al., 2002). However, the use of methyl bromide and other chemicals is phased out in the USA and Europe. The suppression of soil-borne plant fungus by composts produced from tree barks (Spencer et al., 1982) and municipal solid wastes is well documented (Trill as et al., 2002).&#13;\n&#13;\nComposts that suppress plant disease have been extensively described and are used in greenhouse production systems (Lazarovitis et aI, 2001). However, most studies have focused on compo sting different types of materials and their effect on fungal pathogens inhibition rather than compo sting conditions that may produce suppressive composts. An objective of this study was to investigate the role of moisture, aeration and compost maturity in enhancing the inhibition effect of compost on the plant pathogen P. cinnamomi. A further objective was to generate an increased understanding of the mechanism of growth inhibition.
The RALF Signaling Pathway Regulates Cell Wall Integrity during Pollen Tube Growth in Maize (2023)

ABSTRACT Autocrine signaling pathways regulated by RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs (RALFs) control cell wall integrity during pollen tube germination and growth in Arabidopsis. To investigate the role of pollen-specific RALFs in another plant species, we combined gene expression data with phylogenetic and biochemical studies to identify candidate orthologs in maize. We show that Clade IB ZmRALF2/3 mutants, but not that of Clade III ZmRALF1/5 caused cell wall instability in the sub-apical region of the growing pollen tube. ZmRALF2/3 are mainly located to the cell wall and are partially able to complement the pollen germination defect of their Arabidopsis orthologs AtRALF4/19. Mutations in ZmRALF2/3 compromise pectin distribution pattern leading to altered cell wall thickness, hyperphosphorylation of ZmPEX cell wall proteins and pollen tube burst. Clade IB, but not Clade III ZmRALFs are capable to interact with pollen-specific CrRLK1L receptor kinases ZmFERL4/7/9 and GPI-anchored co-receptors ZmLLG1/2 at similar binding affinities. In contrast, binding affinity to ZmPEX2/4 cell wall proteins is about five times higher. Based on these data, we now propose a dosage-dependent model showing how Clade IB RALFs act as extracellular sensors to regulate cell wall integrity and thickness during pollen tube growth in plants. One sentence summary Pollen-specific RALFs interact at different binding affinities with receptor kinases, GPI-anchored proteins and cell wall proteins to regulate cell wall integrity during pollen tube growth in maize.
Reno-Protective Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type1 Diabetes: Dual Action on TRPC6 and NADPH Oxidases (2021)

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a serious diabetic complication, results in podocyte loss and proteinuria through NADPH oxidases (NOX)-mediated ROS production. DUOX1 and 2 are NOX enzymes that require calcium for their activation which enters renal cells through the pivotal TRPC channels. Hypoglycemic drugs such as liraglutide can interfere with this deleterious mechanism imparting reno-protection. Herein, we aim to investigate the reno-protective effect of GLP1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA), via its effect on TRPC6 and NADPH oxidases. To achieve our aim, control or STZ-induced T1DM <i>Sprague-Dawley</i> rats were used. Rats were treated with liraglutide, metformin, or their combination. Functional, histological, and molecular parameters of the kidneys were assessed. Our results show that treatment with liraglutide, metformin or their combination ameliorates DKD by rectifying renal function tests and protecting against fibrosis paralleled by restored mRNA levels of nephrin, DUOX1 and 2, and reduced ROS production. Treatment with liraglutide reduces TRPC6 expression, while metformin treatment shows no effect. Furthermore, TRPC6 was found to be directly interacting with nephrin, and indirectly interacting with DUOX1, DUOX2 and GLP1-R. Our findings suggest that treatment with liraglutide may prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy by modulating the crosstalk between TRPC6 and NADPH oxidases.
Trade union growth, the employer and the hotel and restaurant industry: a case study (1982)

The author discusses the prospects for trade union growth in this industry in the light of a case study of the development of a branch of the Transport and General Workers’ Union within the EMI‐owned Angus Steak House chain.
Is the Atlantic Ocean driving the recent variability in South Asian dust? (2021)

Abstract. This study investigates the large-scale factors controlling interannual variability in dust aerosols over South Asia during 2001–2018. We use a parameter DA%, which refers to the frequency of days in a year when high dust activity is experienced over a region, as determined by a combination of satellite aerosol optical depth and the Ångström exponent. While a positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the central Pacific Ocean was important in controlling DA% over South Asia during 2001–2010; in recent years, the North Atlantic Ocean has assumed a dominant role. Specifically, high DA% is associated with warming in the midlatitude and cooling in the subtropical North Atlantic SSTs: the location of the two southern arms of the North Atlantic SST tripole pattern. This shift towards a dominant role of the North Atlantic SST in controlling DA% over South Asia coincides with a recent shift towards a persistently positive phase of the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and a resultant positive phase of the springtime SST tripole pattern. Interestingly, there has also been a shift in the relation between the two southern arms of the SST tripole and NAO, which has resulted in weakening of the southwest monsoon circulation over the northern Indian Ocean and strengthening of the dust-carrying westerlies and northerlies in the lower troposphere and mid-troposphere. Simulations with an Earth system model show that the positive phase of the North Atlantic SST tripole pattern is responsible for a 10 % increase in the dust optical depth over South Asia during May–September; with increases as high as 30 % during the month of June. This increase is mainly due to transport by the westerlies at the 800 hPa pressure level, which increases the dust concentration at this pressure level by 20 % on average during May–September and up to 50 % during June.
Tubulin-blocked state of VDAC studied by polymer and ATP partitioning (2011)

Recently reported functional interaction between voltage-dependent anion channel of the outer mitochondrial membrane, VDAC, and dimeric tubulin is observed as a reversible channel blockage. Using partitioning of poly-(ethylene glycol)s of different molecular weights and reversal potential measurements, we probe the size and ion selectivity of the fully open and tubulin-blocked states of VDAC reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers. While the effective radius of the channel decreases by only a factor of 1.34±0.15, the selectivity reverses from initially anionic to cationic. Directly measuring ATP partitioning we demonstrate that these changes prohibit ATP from entering the channel in its tubulin-blocked state.