gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogens and Progestogens in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Do They Harm? (2021)

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) occur more frequently in younger women and do not express estrogen receptor (ER) nor progesterone receptor (PR), and are therefore often considered hormone-insensitive. Treatment of premenopausal TNBC patients almost always includes chemotherapy, which may lead to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and can severely impact quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is contraindicated for patients with a history of hormone-sensitive breast cancer, but the data on safety for TNBC patients is inconclusive, with a few randomized trials showing increased risk-ratios with wide confidence intervals for recurrence after HRT. Here, we review the literature on alternative pathways from the classical ER/PR. We find that for both estrogens and progestogens, potential alternatives exist for exerting their effects on TNBC, ranging from receptor conversion, to alternative receptors capable of binding estrogens, as well as paracrine pathways, such as RANK/RANKL, which can cause progestogens to indirectly stimulate growth and metastasis of TNBC. Finally, HRT may also influence other hormones, such as androgens, and their effects on TNBCs expressing androgen receptors (AR). Concluding, the assumption that TNBC is completely hormone-insensitive is incorrect. However, the direction of the effects of the alternative pathways is not always clear, and will need to be investigated further.
Can a single lower trunk body-fixed sensor differentiate between level-walking and stair descent and ascent in older adults? Preliminary findings (2016)

Stair ascent and descent are common forms of ambulation that may be challenging to detect. Here, we propose the first step towards differentiating between stair negotiation and level-walking using a single body-fixed sensor. Seventeen healthy older adults (age: 79.3±4.2 years, 47% women) wore a body-fixed sensor on the lower-back while performing level-walking and stair negotiation. Measures derived from the 3D acceleration and angular-velocity signals included medians, ranges, step duration, step and stride regularity, filtered vertical to horizontal acceleration ratio (VAF/HAF), and wavelet-based features. Friedman's and Wilcoxon tests compared between conditions. Stepwise-binary logistic-regression evaluated classification accuracy. During level-walking, yaw range was lowest and anterior-posterior and vertical step and stride regularity were highest (p≤0.007). Anterior-posterior step regularity (p=0.003), VAF/HAF (p=0.094), and yaw range (p=0.105) identified level-walking (92.2% accuracy). During stair ascent, roll range, median anterior-posterior acceleration and anterior-posterior wavelet-coefficient were lowest (p≤0.006), while VAF/HAF was highest (p=0.0029). Anterior posterior wavelet coefficient (p=0.038) and VAF/HAF (p=0.018) identified stair ascent (94.3% accuracy). During stair descent, vertical and medio-lateral ranges were highest and medio-lateral stride regularity and VAF/HAF were lowest (p≤0.006). VAF/HAF (p=0.01), medio-lateral acceleration range (p=0.069), and medio-lateral stride regularity (p=0.072) identified stair descent (90.2% accuracy). These findings suggest that a single worn body-fixed sensor can be used to differentiate between level-walking and stair negotiation.
Transient and Steady Sliding Friction of Elastomers: Impact of Vertical Lift (2020)

The sliding friction of elastomers has been investigated numerically and theoretically for the line contact between a cylindrical rigid indenter and a “frictionless” Kelvin-Voigt foundation. The onset of sliding under an abrupt increase in the drive velocity has been simulated with different boundary conditions of the rigid indenter. When the rigid indenter is not allowed to move in any directions, just an abrupt change in the friction force appears, which is not accompanied by any transient processes. However, when the rigid indenter is able to move in the vertical direction, the transient sliding friction including three different time constants appears, resembling the typical transition from the static friction to the kinetic friction, in spite of no static friction considered in the simulation. The above drastic difference is caused by the “vertical lift” of the rigid indenter, which is induced by the damping of the Kelvin-Voigt foundation. Besides, the vertical lift affects strongly on the characteristics of the steady sliding friction, which is explained well by using the critical velocity determined from the asymptotes in the master curve of friction coefficient.
Sim2 prevents entry into the myogenic program by repressing <i>MyoD</i> transcription during limb embryonic myogenesis (2012)

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MyoD is a central actor that triggers the skeletal myogenic program. Cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous regulatory pathways must tightly control MyoD expression to ensure correct initiation of the muscle program at different places in the embryo and at different developmental times. In the present study, we have addressed the involvement of Sim2 (single-minded 2) in limb embryonic myogenesis. Sim2 is a bHLH-PAS transcription factor that inhibits transcription by active repression and displays enhanced expression in ventral limb muscle masses during chick and mouse embryonic myogenesis. We have demonstrated that Sim2 is expressed in muscle progenitors that have not entered the myogenic program, in different experimental conditions. MyoD expression is transiently upregulated in limb muscle masses of Sim2(-/-) mice. Conversely, Sim2 gain-of-function experiments in chick and Xenopus embryos showed that Sim2 represses MyoD expression. In addition, we show that Sim2 represses the activity of the mouse MyoD promoter in primary myoblasts and is recruited to the MyoD core enhancer in embryonic mouse limbs. Sim2 expression is non-autonomously and negatively regulated by the dorsalising factor Lmx1b. We propose that Sim2 represses MyoD transcription in limb muscle masses, through Sim2 recruitment to the MyoD core enhancer, in order to prevent premature entry into the myogenic program. This MyoD repression is predominant in ventral limb regions and is likely to contribute to the differential increase of the global mass of ventral muscles versus dorsal muscles.
Author Correction: Direct imaging of structural disordering and heterogeneous dynamics of fullerene molecular liquid (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The antiaggregating activity of clopidogrel is not affected by N-acetyl L-cysteine (2003)

N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) is widely used to treat obstructive bronchopulmonary diseases. It has thiol reactive properties, accounting for its mucolytic activity. Clopidogrel is a potent antithrombotic compound, metabolised by the liver which generates an active metabolite containing a thiol reactive group, responsible for an irreversible interaction with the platelet P2Y(12) ADP receptor. The aim of this study was to determine if NAC interferes with the antiaggregating activity of clopidogrel. For this purpose, NAC (100 micro M) was incubated with platelets from rats treated or not with clopidogrel (5 mg/kg, PO, -2 h). Clopidogrel treatment strongly inhibited aggregation but this effect was not modified by NAC. In another experiment, a low concentration of the active metabolite of clopidogrel (0.3 micro g/ml) was incubated with platelets from men or rats, in the absence or presence of NAC (100 micro M). When stimulated by ADP (2.5 micro M), platelet aggregation was inhibited by the active metabolite when incubated alone. In the presence of NAC, the inhibition by the active metabolite was not modified, therefore clearly indicating that NAC cannot reduce the thiol reactive part of the active metabolite of clopidogrel and does not interfere with its anti-aggregating activity. Moreover, in rats treated for 5 days with NAC (150 mg/kg), the activity of clopidogrel (5 or 10 mg/kg) against ADP-induced platelet aggregation was neither inhibited nor increased. This demonstrates that the generation of the active metabolite of clopidogrel is not affected by NAC. In conclusion, we have found that NAC does not restore the "normal" properties of P2Y(12) on platelets from clopidogrel-treated animals, it does not interfere with the antiaggregating activity of the active metabolite of clopidogrel, and does not interfere with the generation of the active metabolite.
Automated layup of composite material by robot: planning the tape deposition strategy (1988)

The use of composite cold plasma therapy, in conjunction with a controlled ionic formula emitted by PERENIO IONIC SHIELD™, in the complex treatment of lymphosarcoma in rats showed promising antitumor effects. The combination therapy, particularly when combined with doxorubicin hydrochloride, demonstrated enhanced efficacy. These findings suggest the potential for utilizing cold atmospheric plasma and controlled ions as an adjunctive treatment approach in lymphosarcoma therapy. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects and to evaluate the safety and efficacy in human clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐epi‐Trehazolin (Trehalostatin). (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deep anoxic aquifers could act as sinks for uranium through microbial-assisted mineral trapping (2023)

Abstract Uptake of uranium (U) by secondary minerals, such as carbonates and iron (Fe)-sulfides, that occur ubiquitously on Earth, may be substantial in deep anoxic environments compared to surficial settings due to different environment-specific conditions. Yet, knowledge of U reductive removal pathways and related fractionation between 238 U and 235 U isotopes in deep anoxic groundwater systems remain elusive. Here we show bacteria-driven degradation of organic constituents that influences formation of sulfidic species facilitating reduction of geochemically mobile U(VI) with subsequent trapping of U(IV) by calcite and Fe-sulfides. The isotopic signatures recorded for U and Ca in fracture water and calcite samples provide additional insights on U(VI) reduction behaviour and calcite growth rate. The removal efficiency of U from groundwater reaching 75% in borehole sections in fractured granite, and selective U accumulation in secondary minerals in exceedingly U-deficient groundwater shows the potential of these widespread mineralogical sinks for U in deep anoxic environments.
Robot positioning by supervised and unsupervised odometry correction (1998)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 1858 (1998) Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-1858Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
The Untargeted Capability of NMR Recognizes Adulterated Natural Products (2020)

Curcuma longa (turmeric) has a long ethnomedical background for common ailments, and Dietary Supplements (DS) labelled as “Curcumin” (CDS) are a highly visible portion of today’s selfmedication market. Due to cost pressure, these CDS products are affected by economically motivated adulteration with synthetic curcumin and are associated with unexpected toxicological issues due to “residual” impurities. Using a combination of targeted and untargeted (phyto)chemical analysis, this study investigated the botanical integrity of two commercial “turmeric” CDS with vitamin and other additives that were associated with reported clinical cases of hepatotoxicity. Analyzing multi-solvent extracts of the CDS by 100% quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR), alone and in combination with countercurrent separation (CCS), provided chemical fingerprints that allowed both the targeted identification and quantification of declared components and the untargeted recognition of adulteration. While confirming the presence of curcumin as a major constituent, the universal detection capability of NMR identified significant residual impurities. While the loss free nature of CCS captured a wide polarity range of declared and unwanted chemical components and increased dynamic range, (q)HNMR determined their mass proportions and chemical constitutions. The results demonstrate that NMR can recognize undeclared constituents even if they represent a relatively minor gap in the mass balance of a DS product. The chemical information associated with the missing 4.8% and 7.4% (m/m) in the two commercial samples, exhibiting an otherwise adequate curcumin content of 95.2% and 92.6%, pointed to a product integrity issue and adulteration with undeclared synthetic curcumin. Impurities from synthesis are most plausibly the cause of the observed adverse clinical effects. The study exemplifies how the simultaneously targeted and untargeted analytical principle of 100% qHNMR method, performed with entry-level instrumentation (400 MHz), can enhance the safety of DS by identifying adulterated, non-natural “natural” products&lt;br&gt;
Blur‐Aware Image Downsampling (2011)

Abstract Resizing to a lower resolution can alter the appearance of an image. In particular, downsampling an image causes blurred regions to appear sharper. It is useful at times to create a downsampled version of the image that gives the same impression as the original, such as for digital camera viewfinders. To understand the effect of blur on image appearance at different image sizes, we conduct a perceptual study examining how much blur must be present in a downsampled image to be perceived the same as the original. We find a complex, but mostly image‐independent relationship between matching blur levels in images at different resolutions. The relationship can be explained by a model of the blur magnitude analyzed as a function of spatial frequency. We incorporate this model in a new appearance‐preserving downsampling algorithm, which alters blur magnitude locally to create a smaller image that gives the best reproduction of the original image appearance.
Coherent polarization locking of a diode emitter array (2010)

Coherent beam combining has been actively explored as a technique to increase the brightness of laser sources. Passive phase-locking of a diode array in a common resonator, in particular, is an attractive approach owing to its inherent simplicity and good beam quality. In this work, we present the coherent combining of an array of diode emitters in a conventional diode bar configuration using the coherent polarization locking technique. An external laser cavity is designed so that the diode emissions from several 976 nm diode emitters are spatially overlapped via a series of birefringent walk-off crystals and passively phase-locked by a polarizing beam splitter. The key optical element in this beam combining scheme is the novel YVO<sub>4</sub> birefringent spatial beam combiner that not only provides spatial overlap, but also identical optical path lengths for the diode beams. This facilitates design of the cavity for achieving a close match between the mode size of the Gaussian beam and the asymmetric emitting area at the front facet of the diode emitters. The phase-locking technique, coupled with the required standard bulk optical crystals and standard diode bar configuration, yields a robust laser architecture which retains the advantages of diode lasers in terms of cost, size and wavelength tunability. With the coherent combining of four diode emitters, we achieved a nearly diffraction limited beam at 1030 mW, which represents a 50 times increase in brightness over the standard incoherent diode bar. The coherent locking approach is highly scalable. Further experiments to coherently combine eight to sixteen diode emitters are in progress.
Initial Test Results from a 6 K–10 K Turbo-Brayton Cryocooler for Space Applications (2004)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. L. Swift, M. V. Zagarola, J. J. Breedlove, J. A. McCormick, H. Sixsmith; Initial Test Results from a 6 K–10 K Turbo‐Brayton Cryocooler for Space Applications. AIP Conf. Proc. 23 June 2004; 710 (1): 1643–1649. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1774862 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Synthesis of functionalized hexahydro-, octahydro-, and decahydro-1<i>H</i>-phenalenes via Diels–Alder reactions of 1-methylene-4a-methoxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene and related dienes (1993)

The results of a study of Diels–Alder reactions of the bicyclic dienes 6–8 with a variety of dienophiles are reported. Although 6 and 7 undergo cycloaddition reactions smoothly and efficiently, thermal Diels–Alder reactions of 8 are generally sluggish or, under the conditions investigated, do not proceed at all. Additions of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) to 6–8 are highly face-selective, with preferential attack of the dienophile on the side of the dienes opposite to the angular methoxycarbonyl group. Reaction of 7 with maleic anhydride (MAN) is completely face-selective and proceeds preferentially via an endo transition state. Diels–Alder reactions of 6 and 7 with methyl acrylate (MAC) and nitroethylene (NE) are entirely regioselective, but the face-selectivities, which vary from ~2:1 to ~3:1, are rather low. The use of this chemistry as a method for the synthesis of functionalized, stereochemically defined, perhydro-1H-phenalenes is demonstrated.
Optimal Management and Sizing of Energy Storage Under Dynamic Pricing for the Efficient Integration of Renewable Energy (2014)

We address the optimal energy storage management and sizing problem in the presence of renewable energy and dynamic pricing associated with electricity from the grid. We formulate the problem as a stochastic dynamic program that aims to minimize the long-run average cost of electricity used and investment in storage, if any, while satisfying all the demand. We model storage with ramp constraints, conversion losses, dissipation losses and an investment cost. We prove the existence of an optimal storage management policy under mild assumptions and show that it has a dual threshold structure. Under this policy, we derive structural results, which indicate that the marginal value from storage decreases with its size and that the optimal storage size can be computed efficiently. We prove a rather surprising result, as we characterize the maximum value of storage under constant prices and i.i.d. net-demand processes: if the storage is a profitable investment, then the ratio of the amortized cost of storage to the constant price is less than 1/4. We further perform sensitivity analysis on the size of optimal storage and its gain via a case study. Finally, with a computational study on real data, we demonstrate significant savings with energy storage.
A Magnetically-Actuated Coiling Soft Robot With Variable Stiffness (2023)

Soft and flexible magnetic robots have gained significant attention in the past decade. These robots are fabricated using magnetically-active elastomers, are capable of large deformations, and are actuated remotely thus allowing for small robot size. This combination of properties is appealing to the minimally invasive surgical community, potentially allowing navigation to regions of the anatomy previously deemed inaccessible. Due to the low forces involved, one particular challenge is functionalizing such magnetic devices. To address this limitation we introduce a proof-of-concept variable stiffness robot controlled by remote magnetic actuation, capable of grasping objects of varying sizes. We demonstrate a controlled and reversible high deformation coiling action induced via a transient homogeneous magnetic field and a synchronized sliding nitinol backbone. Our soft magnetic coiling grasper is visually tracked and controlled during three experimental demonstrations. We exhibit a maximum coiling deformation angle of 400 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> .
Systemic cytokines and GlycA discriminate disease status and predict corticosteroid response in HTLV-1-associated neuroinflammation (2022)

An age-related increase in systemic IL-6/GlycA levels reveals inflammaging in PLHTLV-1, in the absence of neurological disease. IFN-γ and IL-17A are biomarkers of untreated HAM/TSP, while pre-treatment GlycA and TNF predict therapeutic response to prednisolone pulse therapy, paving the way for a precision medicine approach in HAM/TSP.
Vibration Influences Haptic Perception of Surface Compliance During Walking (2011)

These findings reveal that vibrotactile sensory channels are highly salient to the perception of surface compliance, and suggest that correlations between vibrotactile sensory information and motor activity may be of broader significance for the control of human locomotion than has been previously acknowledged.
White matter hyperintensity segmentation from T1 and FLAIR images using fully convolutional neural networks enhanced with residual connections (2018)

Segmentation and quantification of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are of great importance in studying and understanding various neurological and geriatric disorders. Although automatic methods have been proposed for WMH segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), manual corrections are often necessary to achieve clinically practical results. Major challenges for WMH segmentation stem from their inhomogeneous MRI intensities, random location and size distributions, and MRI noise. The presence of other brain anatomies or diseases with enhanced intensities adds further difficulties. To cope with these challenges, we present a specifically designed fully convolutional neural network (FCN) with residual connections to segment WMHs by using combined T1 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Our customized FCN is designed to be straightforward and generalizable, providing efficient end-to-end training due to its enhanced information propagation. We tested our method on the open WMH Segmentation Challenge MICCAI2017 dataset, and, despite our method's relative simplicity, results show that it performs amongst the leading techniques across five metrics. More importantly, our method achieves the best score for Hausdorff distance and average volume difference in testing datasets from two MRI scanners that were not included in training, demonstrating better generalization ability of our proposed method over its competitors.
Characterization of 0.5 mm thick films of orientation-patterned GaAs for nonlinear optical applications (2001)

Summary form only given. Quasi-phasematched frequency conversion in orientation-patterned GaAs (OPGaAs) is a promising way to generate mid-infrared radiation from near-infrared laser sources. GaAs has very attractive properties for such applications: a large nonlinear susceptibility (d/sub 14//spl sim/90 pm/V), transparency between 1 and 12 /spl mu/m, a high thermal conductivity (46 W/m-K), and a high optical damage threshold (60 MW/cm/sup 2/ for 10 ns pulses). We report optical and crystallographic properties of epitaxial OPGaAs films with a thickness as large as 0.5 mm, sufficient for these materials to be useful in a wide variety of nonlinear optical applications.