gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety Assessment of By-product Gas Piping after Design Change (2013)

공정플랜트에는 다양한 배관이 고압, 고온의 인화성, 폭발성 물질을 이송하고 있다. 잦은 설계 변경 및 증설 등으로 복잡한 형상으로 배관이 형성되어 있는 경우가 많으나 배관의 구조가 단순하여 실제 위험성에 비해 안전 관리가 부족한 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 국내 한 업체에서 부생가스를 연료로 사용하던 배관을 설계 변경하여 천연가스와 혼합하여 사용하도록 사례를 활용하여, 배관의 안전성을 평가 하는 방법을 예시하였다. 배관의 설계 변경 후 안전성을 ASME 기준에 따라 재평가하고, 배관의 주요 관리부위를 결정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 배관의 분기 및 루프 등이 다수 복잡하게 연결되어있는 가스혼합용 믹싱드럼 배관 시스템을 대상으로 해석하였다. 배관의 주요부위 응력 민감도를 이해하기 위해 배관의 지지대 구속조건 및 외부 온도를 변화시켜 가면서 이들의 영향을 연구하였다. 또한 부생가스가 포함하고 있는 수소가스에 의한 손상 가능성에 대해서도 논의하였다. Various process piping usually carries out high flammable and explosible gas under high pressure and high temperature. Due to frequent change of design and structure it becomes more complicated and compactly located. The safety management level is relatively low since it is considered as simply designed component. In this study a safety assessment procedure is proposed for complicated piping system around a mixing drum in which natural gas and by-product gases were mixed. According to ASME code, pipe stress analysis was conducted for determining design margin at some key locations of the piping. These high stress locations can be used as major inspection points for managing the pipe integrity. Sensitivity analysis with outside temperature of the pipe and support constraint condition. Possible effect of hydroen gas to the pipe steel during the previous use of the by-product gas was also discussed.
Measurement of chromatic dispersion and Raman gain efficiency of a hole-assisted fiber: Influence of bend (2007)

We have experimentally measured the Raman gain efficiency (RGE) and chromatic dispersion (CD) of a hole-assisted fiber (HAF). The RGE of a HAF was characterized using standard pump on/off technique while the CD of the fiber was measured using optical network analyzer. Theoretical simulations of the modal characteristics and the RGE of HAF were carried out using an accurate full-vectorial finite element method. Further, the bending effects on the CD and the RGE of a HAF with a smallest feasible bending radius are demonstrated. It was found that the CD increases while the RGE is decreased by bending HAF in a smallest bending radius of 5 mm. Numerical predictions from the theory are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
A High Performance Easily Configurable Satnav SDR for Advanced Algorithm Development and Rapid Capability Deployment (2021)

Satnav SDRs presents a conundrum for developers. On the one hand, in order to support advanced and evolving signal processing schemes, they need to be highly configurable such that all aspects of their internal architecture are easily modifiable by the end user. On the other hand, due to the below-noise-floor and relatively high bandwidth signals that satnav SDRs process, accelerated numerical processing capabilities of the host platform must be leveraged through aggressive optimization in order to achieve acceptable runtimes. Achieving both flexibility and fast runtimes simultaneously in a low SWaP-C platform has largely been an elusive goal. However, it is observed that the majority of satnav signal processing algorithms can be broken down into a set of coarse-gained building blocks (objects). Hence, if the problem of efficiently instantiating and interconnecting these objects at runtime based on a high-level user specification can be solved, and considerable effort is spent on optimizing these reusable objects, then the goal could be realized. This is the premise of this paper. It introduces a JSON-based scheme for specifying advanced satnav SDRs. This specification is used to instantiate the SDR in Python. Python bindings are used to bridge to multi-threaded and vectorized implementations of the objects to yield fast runtimes on modern CPUs. This same approach can be used to accelerate implementations of these objects targeting GPUs, FPGAs and emerging high performance heterogenous processors. With the approach presented in this paper, high performance satnav SDRs with advanced signal processing capabilities can be implemented using only JSON specifications without having to write a single line of software code.
Nucleus pulposus cells synthesize a functional extracellular matrix and respond to inflammatory cytokine challenge following long-term agarose culture (2011)

Intervertebral disc degeneration is characterized by a cascade of cellular, biochemical and structural changes that may lead to functional impairment and low back pain. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is strongly implicated in the etiology of disc degeneration, however there is currently no direct evidence linking IL-1β upregulation to downstream biomechanical changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term agarose culture of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells as a potential in vitro model system to investigate this. Bovine NP cells were cultured in agarose for 49 days in a defined medium containing transforming growth factor-beta 3, after which both mechanical properties and composition were evaluated and compared to native NP. The mRNA levels of NP cell markers were compared to those of freshly isolated NP cells. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability of mature constructs were similar to native NP, and aggrecan and SOX9 mRNA levels were not significantly different from freshly isolated cells. To investigate direct links between IL-1β and biomechanical changes, mature agarose constructs were treated with IL-1β, and effects on biomechanical properties, extracellular matrix composition and mRNA levels were quantified. IL-1β treatment resulted in upregulation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4, matrix metalloproteinase-13 and inducible nitric oxide sythase, decreased GAG and modulus, and increased permeability. To evaluate the model as a test platform for therapeutic intervention, co-treatment with IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was evaluated. IL-1ra significantly attenuated degradative changes induced by IL-1β. These results suggest that this in vitro model represents a reliable and cost-effective platform for evaluating new therapies for disc degeneration.
TRAP-based allelic translation efficiency imbalance analysis to identify genetic regulation of ribosome occupancy in specific cell types <i>in vivo</i> (2020)

Abstract The alteration of gene expression due to variations in the sequences of transcriptional regulatory elements has been a focus of substantial inquiry in humans and model organisms. However, less is known about the extent to which natural variation contributes to post-transcriptional regulation. Allelic Expression Imbalance (AEI) is a classical approach for studying the association of specific haplotypes with relative changes in transcript abundance. Here, we piloted a new TRAP based approach to associate genetic variation with transcript occupancy on ribosomes in specific cell types, to determine if it will allow examination of Allelic Translation Imbalance (ATI), and Allelic Translation Efficiency Imbalance, using as a test case mouse astrocytes in vivo . We show that most changes of the mRNA levels on ribosomes were reflected in transcript abundance, though ∼1.5% of transcripts have variants that clearly alter loading onto ribosomes orthogonally to transcript levels. These variants were often in conserved residues and altered sequences known to regulate translation such as upstream ORFs, PolyA sites, and predicted miRNA binding sites. Such variants were also common in transcripts showing altered abundance, suggesting some genetic regulation of gene expression may function through post-transcriptional mechanisms. Overall, our work shows that naturally occurring genetic variants can impact ribosome occupancy in astrocytes in vivo and suggests that mechanisms may also play a role in genetic contributions to disease.
Development of Large Grain/Single Crystal Niobium Cavity Technology at Jefferson Lab (2007)

Approximately two years ago we started to develop high performance niobium accelerating cavities based on large grain or single crystal high purity niobium. We have fabricated and tested 15 single cell cavities of various shapes and frequencies between 1300 MHz and 2300 MHz using material from a total of 9 different very large grain niobium ingots from four niobium suppliers. The materials differed not only in grain sizes, but also in RRR — value and in the amount of Ta contained in the material. In one ingot supplied by CBMM the central grain exceeded 7 inches in diameter and this was used to fabricate two 2.2 GHz cavities. A single crystal 1300 MHz mono‐cell cavity was also produced at DESY by rolling out a single crystal to the size required for this cavity. It was sent to Jlab for surface treatment and testing. In addition, we have fabricated three 7‐cell cavities: two of the Jlab high gradient (HG) shape and one of the ILC Low Loss shape. Two 9‐cell TESLA shape cavities are presently in fabrication at Jlab and are close to completion.
Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing &lt;em&gt;In Vivo&lt;/em&gt; Using the Cnidarian Model Organism &lt;em&gt;Clytia hemisphaerica&lt;/em&gt; (2023)

All animal organs, from the skin to eyes to intestines, are covered with sheets of epithelial cells that allow them to maintain homeostasis while protecting them from infection. Therefore, it is not surprising that the ability to repair epithelial wounds is critical to all metazoans. Epithelial wound healing in vertebrates involves overlapping processes, including inflammatory responses, vascularization, and re-epithelialization. Regulation of these processes involves complex interactions between epithelial cells, neighboring cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM); the ECM contains structural proteins, regulatory proteins, and active small molecules. This complexity, together with the fact that most animals have opaque tissues and inaccessible ECMs, makes wound healing difficult to study in live animals. Much work on epithelial wound healing is therefore performed in tissue culture systems, with a single epithelial cell-type plated as a monolayer on an artificial matrix. Clytia hemisphaerica (Clytia) provides a unique and exciting complement to these studies, allowing epithelial wound healing to be studied in an intact animal with an authentic ECM. The ectodermal epithelium of Clytia is a single layer of large squamous epithelial cells, allowing high-resolution imaging using differential interfering contrast (DIC) microscopy in living animals. The absence of migratory fibroblasts, vasculature, or inflammatory responses makes it possible to dissect the critical events in re-epithelialization in vivo. The healing of various types of wounds can be analyzed, including single-cell microwounds, small and large epithelial wounds, and wounds that damage the basement membrane. Lamellipodia formation, purse string contraction, cell stretching, and collective cell migration can all be observed in this system. Furthermore, pharmacological agents can be introduced via the ECM to modify cell:ECM interactions and cellular processes in vivo. This work shows methods for creating wounds in live Clytia, capturing movies of healing, and probing healing mechanisms by microinjecting reagents into the ECM.
Use of a Mechanistic Model To Forecast Cement-Sheath Integrity (2012)

Summary Tests performed in the laboratory have shown that there exist two types of mechanisms that could lead to loss of cement-sheath integrity: mechanical degradation, when cement is submitted to compressive or tensile loadings that are too high compared with its strength, and chemical degradation. The worst case is when both mechanisms occur at the same time or one after the other. For example, a cement sheath that is damaged before entering into contact with a degrading fluid will allow this fluid to penetrate deeper into the cement sheath, hence accelerating cement chemical degradation. As a consequence, it is of paramount importance to understand the mechanisms that could lead to loss of cement-sheath integrity before any chemical degradation occurs. It is with this objective that a mechanistic model was developed to simulate the various modes of loss of cement-sheath integrity after cement has been placed: (a) cement volume variations during hydration owing to chemical shrinkage/expansion; (b) cement volume-variations during hydration owing to cement heat-production; (c) contraction (dilation) of the casing owing to a decrease (an increase) in mud density/temperature; (d) cement volume decrease owing to pore collapse; and (e) thermal cycling. This paper has two objectives: (1) present the mechanistic model and (2) on the basis thereof, show that loss of cement-sheath integrity depends not only on cement properties but also on the well architecture and well history.
Formation of Synthetically Versatile 2-Aminobenzophenones from Readily Accessed Acyl Hydrazides (2019)

Herein, we report the transformation of readily accessed acyl hydrazides into protected 2-aminobenzophenones via a two-step process involving an aryne-based molecular rearrangement followed by a one-pot addition-elimination procedure. The assembly of the scaffold is tolerant of a wide variety of functional groups, and the carbamate group on the product can be facilely removed to afford highly valuable 2-aminobenzophenones. Application of the protocol was demonstrated in the synthesis of neurological medicine phenazepam.
A critically ill patient with central nervous system tuberculosis and negative initial screening workup (2660) (2020)

To describe a case of CNS tuberculosis and discuss initial workup and treatment in the setting of initially negative screening tests.
Fabrication and stability of base metal electrode (Ni) on a perovskite oxide co-fired multilayer piezoelectric device (2021)

Conventional co-fired devices comprising a base metal electrode ferroelectric and piezoelectric ceramic are fabricated under specific reducing atmospheres.
Multimodal templates for real-time detection of texture-less objects in heavily cluttered scenes (2011)

We present a method for detecting 3D objects using multi-modalities. While it is generic, we demonstrate it on the combination of an image and a dense depth map which give complementary object information. It works in real-time, under heavy clutter, does not require a time consuming training stage, and can handle untextured objects. It is based on an efficient representation of templates that capture the different modalities, and we show in many experiments on commodity hardware that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods on single modalities.
Transgenerational effects of feeding genetically modified maize to nulliparous sows and offspring on offspring growth and health1 (2012)

This study assessed the effect of feeding genetically modified maize expressing a truncated form of the Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt MON810 maize) to sows during gestation and lactation and their offspring from weaning to 115 d postweaning on offspring growth and health. After weaning at approximately 28 d of age (d 0), individually penned, mixed sex pigs (approximately 8 kg BW) from sows fed isogenic or Bt maize diets were blocked by sow treatment, sex, and BW and randomly assigned to Bt or isogenic maize diets as follows: i) isogenic maize-fed sow/isogenic maize-fed offspring (iso/iso); ii) isogenic maize-fed sow/Bt maize-fed offspring (iso/Bt); iii) Bt maize-fed sow/isogenic maize-fed offspring (Bt/iso); and iv) Bt maize-fed sow/Bt maize-fed offspring (Bt/Bt). Growth performance was recorded at intervals to harvest at approximately 105 kg BW (n=15/treatment) and blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis on d 0, 30, 70, 100, and 115 postweaning (n=10/treatment). Pigs were harvested on d 115 postweaning (n=10/treatment), and carcass weight, backfat depth, and organ weights (heart, kidney, spleen, and liver) were recorded. Kidney, liver, lymph nodes, and small intestine were collected for histological analysis. Offspring from Bt maize-fed sows were heavier than offspring from isogenic maize-fed sows on d 30 (P<0.05), 100 (P<0.05), and 115 postweaning (P<0.05) and had greater overall ADG (P<0.05). Overall ADFI was greater for offspring from sows fed Bt maize (P<0.05) and for Bt maize-fed pigs (P<0.05). Offspring from Bt maize-fed sows had greater carcass (P<0.05) and lighter spleen (P<0.05) weights. Dressing percentage was greater for Bt maize-fed pigs than isogenic maize-fed pigs (P<0.05), and livers were lighter for pigs in the Bt/Bt group than pigs in the iso/Bt or Bt/iso group (P<0.05). Offspring from Bt maize-fed sows also had greater duodenal crypt depths (P<0.05) and lower villus height/crypt depth ratios (P<0.05). No pathology was observed in the organs, and serum biochemistry values generally remained within normal limits and no overall differences were observed, with the exception of overall γ glutamyltransferase, which was less for pigs on the Bt/Bt treatment than pigs on the iso/Bt and Bt/iso treatments. These results indicate that transgenerational consumption of Bt maize diets is not detrimental to pig growth and health.
A Linear Epitopes Model of Antigen Retrieval (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Peptide Array Experimental Model Some Peptides are Directly Susceptible to Formalin Fixation IHC Antibodies Bind to Linear Epitopes Adjacent Proteins are Important in Understanding Antigen Retrieval A Model of Antigen Retrieval Requiring Linear Epitopes Evaluation of the Model Heterogeneity of Antigen Retrieval Reactions Summary Conflict of Interest Disclosure Acknowledgment References
Multi-Probe SPM using Interference Patterns for a Parallel Nano Imaging (2007)

This paper proposes a new composition of the multi-probe using optical interference patterns for a parallel nano imaging in a large area scanning. We achieved large-scale integration with 50,000 probes fabricated with MEMS technology, and measured the optical interference patterns with CCD, which was difficult in a conventional single scanning probe. In this research, the multi-probes are made of Si3N4 by MEMS process, and, the multi-probes are joined with a Pyrex glass by an anodic bonding. We designed, fabricated, and evaluated the characteristics of the probe. In addition, we changed the probe shape to decrease the warpage of the Si3N4 probe. We used the supercritical drying to avoid stiction of the Si3N4 probe with the glass surface and fabricated 4 types of the probe shapes without stiction. We took some interference patterns by CCD and measured the position of them. We calculate the probe height using the interference displacement and compared the result with the theoretical deflection curve. As a result, these interference patterns matched the theoretical deflection curve. We found that this multi-probe chip using interference patterns is effective in measurement for a parallel nano imaging.
Radiation Shielding and Mechanical Strength Evaluations of Non-parasitic, Multi-functional Microporous Carbon for Aerospace Applications (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;AFR, Inc. is developing a multifunctional Carbon material that, in addition to excellent radiation shielding characteristics, is appropriate for certain energy storage applications. As an excellent Hydrogen gas sorbent, it increases the usable storage capacity of a gas cylinder by ∼25% at 3500 PSI and by ∼150% at 500 PSI. Our ongoing NASA Langley funded study shows that when a sorbent-filled tank is charged with hydrogen, it provides shielding superior to polyethylene against most types of ionizing particles. Even as hydrogen is consumed, the carbon and tank ensure that significant radiation shielding capability is maintained.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Vastly improved radiation shielding is a clear requirement for a potential manned mission to Mars or a long-duration base on the surface of the Moon. However, current shielding technologies are predicated upon systems dedicated solely to the task of shielding. Such single-use material adds substantially to the mass, and therefore expense, of space operations, without otherwise helping to accomplish mission objectives.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;One approach to remedy these conflicting constraints is to modify other ship (or EVA suit) systems to maximize their radiation shielding properties, while still serving their primary purposes. Our carbon sorbent material takes this approach. Its performance in this key energy system application is excellent and the carbon itself is a better radiation shield against GCR's and SEP's than the excess Aluminum it can replace.&lt;/div&gt;
Réseau Bayésien Aplati pour l'Inférence dans les HMM hiérarchiques factorisés et Apprentissage avec peu de données (2005)

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<i>Tbx1</i>is regulated by tissue-specific forkhead proteins through a common Sonic hedgehog-responsive enhancer (2003)

Haploinsufficiency of Tbx1 is likely a major determinant of cardiac and craniofacial birth defects associated with DiGeorge syndrome. Although mice deficient in Tbx1 exhibit pharyngeal and aortic arch defects, the developmental program and mechanisms through which Tbx1 functions are relatively unknown. We identified a single cis-element upstream of Tbx1 that recognized winged helix/forkhead box (Fox)-containing transcription factors and was essential for regulation of Tbx1 transcription in the pharyngeal endoderm and head mesenchyme. The Tbx1 regulatory region was responsive to signaling by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in vivo. We show that Shh is necessary for aortic arch development, similar to Tbx1, and is also required for expression of Foxa2 and Foxc2 in the pharyngeal endoderm and head mesenchyme, respectively. Foxa2, Foxc1, or Foxc2 could bind and activate transcription through the critical cis-element upstream of Tbx1, and Foxc proteins were required, within their expression domains, for Tbx1 transcription in vivo. We propose that Tbx1 is a direct transcriptional target of Fox proteins and that Fox proteins may serve an intermediary role in Shh regulation of Tbx1.