gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Helicity Induction and Amplification in an Oligo(<i>p</i>‐phenylenevinylene) Assembly through Hydrogen‐Bonded Chiral Acids (2007)

Richtungsweisende Zusätze: Über Wasserstoffbrücken gebundene chirale Gastmoleküle (gelbe und violette Stäbchen) können Chiralität in ein achirales helikales Assoziat (P, M; siehe Bild) einführen. Chiroptische Untersuchungen der π-konjugierten Chromophore zeigen den Mechanismus der Chiralitätsinduktion. Experimente zum Mehrheits- („majority rules“) und Befehlsprinzip („sergeant and soldiers“) beleuchten den Modus der Chiralitätsverstärkung innerhalb der Stapel. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z702730_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
NMR spectroscopic characterization of new 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives (2012)

The (1) H and (13) C NMR resonances of twenty-seven 2,2-dimethyl-5-(2-nitrophenyl-5-substituted)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and twenty-seven 3-acyl-5-(2-amino-5-substituted)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were assigned completely using the concerted application of one-dimensional and two-dimensional experiments (DEPT, HMQC and HMBC). NOESY experiments, X-ray crystallography and conformational analysis confirm the preferred conformation of these compounds.
Lymphadenectomy for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (2014)

From the Division of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Reprints: Cristina R. Ferrone, MD, Division of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman St, WANG 460, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail: [email protected]. Disclosure: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Metamaterials and the mathematical Science of invisibility (2012)

In this chapter, we review some recent developments in the field of photonics: cloaking, whereby an object becomes invisible to an observer, and mirages, whereby an object looks like another one (say, of a different shape). Such optical illusions are made possible thanks to the advent of metamaterials, which are new kinds of composites designed using the concept of transformational optics. Theoretical concepts introduced here are illustrated by finite element computations.
Surfactant Association Structures (1982)

The phase regions for micellar solutions and lyotropic liquid crystals form a complicated pattern in water/amphiphile/hydrocarbon systems. The present treatment emphasizes the fact that they may be considered as parts of a continuous solubility region similar to the one for water/short chain amphiphilic systems such as water/ethanol/ethyl acetate. Hence the different phases may be visualized as a series of association structures with increasing complexity from the monomeric to the liquid crystalline state. The transfer from the monomeric state to the inverse micellar structure is discussed for two special cases and it is shown that packing constraints may prevent the formation of inverse micelles. Instead a liquid crystalline phase may form.
EGIDExpress: An Interactive Shiny Web App to Visualize and Share Large Biological Datasets (2022)

Abstract Biomedical research on rare diseases faces challenges such as low availability of biological specimens to study and limited funding. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are rare conditions associated with inappropriate inflammation and the accumulation of eosinophils in various segments of the gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to build a repository of large datasets related to EGIDs that would be easily browsable, interpretable, and accessible in order to facilitate data sharing and hypothesis generation. Using the R-code based package Shiny, we built a website that allows visualization of multiple types of datasets including microarray, RNAseq, protein array, single-cell RNAseq, and ChIPseq. Users can access EGIDExpress ( https://egidexpress.research.cchmc.org/ ) to browse data on a per-gene basis and to generate graphic representation of the data. Additionally, users can download the processed data to initiate their own analyses. Within 34 months of launching EGIDExpress, over 2400 users from 37 countries and 37 states within the United States accessed the site. Overall, EGIDExpress is accelerating research on EGIDs and provides a prototypic platform for broad research data sharing.
The ascendancy of research in acronyms related to COVID-19 displayed on a growth-share matrix (GSM): Bibliometric analysis (2023)

It is recommended that the GSM complement traditional line charts, TBGs, and THMs in trend analysis, rather than being restricted to acronyms in future research. This research provides readers with the AAC to understand how research dominates its counterparts, which will be useful for future bibliometric analyses.
Protection by desiccation‐tolerance proteins probed at the residue level (2021)

Extremotolerant organisms from all domains of life produce protective intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in response to desiccation stress. In vitro, many of these IDPs protect enzymes from dehydration stress better than U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved excipients. However, as with most excipients, their protective mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we apply thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and liquid-observed vapor exchange (LOVE) NMR to study the protection of two model globular proteins (the B1 domain of staphylococcal protein G [GB1] and chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 [CI2]) by two desiccation-tolerance proteins (CAHS D from tardigrades and PvLEA4 from an anhydrobiotic midge), as well as by disordered and globular protein controls. We find that all protein samples retain similar amounts of water and possess similar glass transition temperatures, suggesting that neither enhanced water retention nor vitrification is responsible for protection. LOVE NMR reveals that IDPs protect against dehydration-induced unfolding better than the globular protein control, generally protect the same regions of GB1 and CI2, and protect GB1 better than CI2. These observations suggest that electrostatic interactions, charge patterning, and expanded conformations are key to protection. Further application of LOVE NMR to additional client proteins and protectants will deepen our understanding of dehydration protection, enabling the streamlined production of dehydrated proteins for expanded use in the medical, biotechnology, and chemical industries.
Plerixafor for Stem Cell Mobilization in Allogeneic Stem Cell Donors (2016)

Although safety and efficacy of G-CSF (growth colony stimulating factors) is well known and they are routinely used for allogeneic donor collections, some donors have delayed collection, or require more than one day of apheresis. Plerixafor (Mozobil®) has been used alone and in combination with G-CSF to mobilize donors for stem cell collection in autologous stem cell transplants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate safety and feasibility of G-CSF (Neupogen®) plus Plerixafor (Mozobil®) in related donors. Secondary aims included evaluating how many procedures were needed to collect 4×106/kg CD34+ cells; and time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment, chimerisms, and incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) in transplant recipients. Healthy, eligible donors and their recipients were approached and were consented to the IRB approved protocol. Days 1 through 4, the donor received a daily dose of G-CSF 5mcg/kg, and Plerixafor on Day 4. On day 5, CD34+ cells were collected by apheresis. The recipients received the Plerixafor mobilized cells on day 0 of their designated treatment plan. Eleven allogeneic donors consented to participate, and 7, ranging in age from 50 to 67 years, received Plerixafor. All 7 donors reached their stem cell target collection on the first day of collection. The median CD34+ cells collection was 11.7×106/kg (range 6.34×106/kg - 22. 2×106/kg). No significant adverse effects were noted in the donors who received Plerixafor. Minor side effects included fatigue, sleep pattern disturbances, bone pain (particularly in the extremities), loose stools, and headache. All recipients of Plerixafor mobilized cells received their planned infusions, without graft failure. The average time to neutrophil engraftment was 12.1 days, and to platelet engraftment was 14.4 days. Chimerism analysis, at 4 weeks post-transplantation, showed 100% myeloid chimerism in all 7 recipients. Acute GVHD was noted in 4 recipients. Plerixafor has proven to be highly effective in stem cell mobilization. Donors benefit from the smaller dose of G-CSF combined with Plerixafor. Plerixafor is believed to be a promising medication to improve stem cell transplant outcomes.
Site Identity and Importance in Cosubstituted Bixbyite In2O3 (2017)

The bixbyite structure of In2O3 has two nonequivalent, 6-coordinate cation sites and, when Sn is doped into In2O3, the Sn prefers the “b-site” and produces a highly conductive material. When divalent/tetravalent cation pairs are cosubstituted into In2O3, however, the conductivity increases to a lesser extent and the site occupancy is less understood. We examine the site occupancy in the MgxIn2−2xSnxO3 and ZnxIn2−2xSnxO3 systems with high resolution X-ray and neutron diffraction and density functional theory computations, respectively. In these sample cases and those that are previously reported in the MxIn2−2xSnxO3 (M = Cu, Ni, or Zn) systems, the solubility limit is greater than 25%, ensuring that the b-site cannot be the exclusively preferred site as it is in Sn:In2O3. Prior to this saturation point, we report that the M2+ cation always has at least a partial occupancy on the d-site and the Sn4+ cation has at least a partial occupancy on the b-site. The energies of formation for these configurations are highly favored, and prefer that the divalent and tetravalent substitutes are adjacent in the crystal lattice, which suggests short range ordering. Diffuse reflectance and 4-point probe measurements of MgxIn2−xSnxO3 demonstrate that it can maintain an optical band gap &gt;2.8 eV while surpassing 1000 S/cm in conductivity. Understanding how multiple constituents occupy the two nonequivalent cation sites can provide information on how to optimize cosubstituted systems to increase Sn solubility while maintaining its dopant nature, achieving maximum conductivity.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) in primary effusion lymphoma: ultrastructural demonstration of herpesvirus in lymphoma cells (1996)

Recent molecular evidence suggests an association with a new herpesvirus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8), and primary effusion lymphomas (PELs). PELs have a characteristic morphology, phenotype, and clinical presentation, with malignant effusions in the absence of a contiguous solid tumor mass. We have established a cell line (KS-1) from a KSHV-positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patient with pleural cavity-based lymphoma that was passaged into triple-immunodeficient BNX mice. In contrast to cell lines from body cavity-based lymphomas derived from HIV-positive individuals that contain both KSHV and Epstein Barr viral genome, these cells contain only KSHV, allowing for uncontaminated virologic studies. Ultrastructural examination identified malignant cells with features of late differentiating B cells (immunoblasts). Cells with viral cytopathic effect contained typical 110-nm intranuclear herpesvirus nucleocapsids and complete cytoplasmic virions, confirming the association of PEL with KSHV.
Author Correction: All-optical implementation of collision-based evolutions of open quantum systems (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Rhinovirus Infection in Bronchial Tissues (2005)

Although rhinovirus (RV) infections can cause asthma exacerbations and alter lower airway inflammation and physiology, it is unclear how important bronchial infection is to these processes. To study the kinetics, location, and frequency of RV appearance in lower airway tissues during an acute infection, immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to analyze the presence of virus in cells from nasal lavage, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushings, and biopsy specimens from 19 subjects with an experimental RV serotype 16 (RV16) cold. RV was detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis on cells from nasal lavage and induced sputum samples from all subjects after RV16 inoculation, as well as in 5 of 19 bronchoalveolar lavage cell samples and in 5 of 18 bronchial biopsy specimens taken 4 days after virus inoculation. Immunohistochemistry detected RV16 in 39 and 36% of all biopsy and brushing samples taken 4 and 15 days, respectively, after inoculation. Infected cells were primarily distributed in discrete patches on the epithelium. These results confirm that infection of lower airway tissues is a frequent finding during a cold and further demonstrate a patchy distribution of infected cells, a pattern similar to that reported in upper airway tissues.
New 3D Image Technologies Developed in Taiwan (2011)

Some new 3D image technologies including image capturing, digital data processing, 2D/3D video conversion, and naked eye 2D/3D compatible display have been developed in Taiwan for the future 3D world applications. An innovative 3D image capturing and displaying architecture is a cost effective system for 3D content generation, transmission, and display. The multiview images of fine art such as sculpture can be captured by using 3D scanner or camera. The obtained multiview images can be transmitted though popular streaming channel to the cloud computing center that handles huge tasks of 2D/3D image processing. Then, the multi-view images are fed into the new types of 2D/3D compatible display. This new type of display using a specially designed microretarder can present 2D and naked eye 3D images on the same display simultaneously. Some new 3D applications with real-time 2D to 3D conversion technology are also introduced.
Recent Developments in Electron Transfer Reactions of Pyrimidines (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Modulating the line shape of magnetoconductance by varying the charge injection in polymer light-emitting diodes (2018)

We fabricate the phenyl-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) copolymer (super yellow, SY-PPV)-based polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) with different device architectures to modulate the injection of opposite charge carriers and investigate the corresponding magnetoconductance (MC) responses. At the first glance, we find that all PLEDs exhibit the positive MC responses. By applying the mathematical analysis to fit the curves with two empirical equations of a non-Lorentzian and a Lorentzian function, we are able to extract the hidden negative MC component from the positive MC curve. We attribute the growth of the negative MC component to the reduced interaction of the triplet excitons with charges to generate the free charge carriers as modulated by the applied magnetic field, known as the triplet exciton-charge reaction, by analyzing MC responses for PLEDs of the charge-unbalanced and hole-blocking device configurations. The negative MC component causes the broadening of the line shape in MC curves.
Low and high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of spasticity (2007)

The development of non-invasive techniques of cortical stimulation, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has opened new potential avenues for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. We hypothesized that an increase in the activity in the motor cortex by cortical stimulation would increase its inhibitory influence on spinal excitability through the corticospinal tract and, thus, reduce the hyperactivity of the gamma and alpha neurons, improving spasticity. Seventeen participants (eight males, nine females; mean age 9y 1mo [SD 3y 2mo]) with cerebral palsy and spastic quadriplegia were randomized to receive sham, active 1Hz, or active 5Hz repetitive TMS of the primary motor cortex. Stimulation was applied for 5 consecutive days (90% of motor threshold). The results showed that there was a significant reduction of spasticity after 5Hz, but not sham or 1Hz, stimulation as indexed by the degree of passive movement; however this was not evident when using the Ashworth scale, although a trend for improvement was seen for elbow movement. The safety evaluation showed that stimulation with either 1Hz or 5Hz did not result in any adverse events as compared with sham stimulation. Results of this trial provide initial evidence to support further trials exploring the use of cortical stimulation in the treatment of spasticity.
ADEO Passive De-Orbit Subsystem Activity leading to a Dragsail Demonstrator: Conclusion and Next Steps (2017)

The space debris environment, especially in low earth orbit, is an increasing risk for all spaceflight missions. Without effective mitigation measures the debris density will increase to a level where spaceflight becomes more and 
more endangered. Therefore, to ensure safety for future space flight, end-of-life de-orbiting of satellites and upper 
stages is required by the respective standards. Deployable gossamer structures for drag sails might offer a passive de-
orbit solution. The paper at hand outlines the development of such a system applicable for LEO satellites between 
100 kg to 1000kg. It is based on the Gossamer-1 technology of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Further developments are pursued in the ESA project “Architectural Design and Testing of a De-orbiting Subsystem” (ADEO). The ADEO subsystem is a scalable drag augmentation device that uses the residual Earth atmosphere present in low Earth orbit. For initiation of the de-orbit maneuver a large surface is deployed which multiplies the drag effective surface of the satellite. Thereby the drag force is increased as well causing accelerated decay in Orbit altitude. Advantageous about a drag augmentation device is that it does not require any active steering and can be designed for passive attitude stabilization thereby making it applicable for non-operational, tumbling spacecraft as well. The ADEO subsystem consists of four deployable CFRP booms that span four sail segments with a total area of 25 m2 in a truncated pyramid shape configuration. While the sails are made of an aluminum coated polyimide foil, its coating thickness was chosen such that it provides sufficient protection from the space environment. To prove the 
survivability of the sail material in the space environment over 25 years de-orbiting time, multiple environmental 
tests were performed at material and sample level, including mechanical strength and stiffness tests, thermal cycling, atomic oxygen exposure tests, UV exposure tests, and high velocity impact tests, as well as crack propagation tests at room and reduced temperature. A fully functional full scale demonstrator with one sail and two booms has been subjected to environmental testing including, vibration, rapid decompression, deployment testing in thermal-vacuum environment and ambient conditions showing great performance. An overview of the design, the results the extensive demonstrator test campaign as well as the next steps leading to an in orbit demonstration will be the main body of this paper.
BundleFusion (2017)

Real-time, high-quality, 3D scanning of large-scale scenes is key to mixed reality and robotic applications. However, scalability brings challenges of drift in pose estimation, introducing significant errors in the accumulated model. Approaches often require hours of offline processing to globally correct model errors. Recent online methods demonstrate compelling results but suffer from (1) needing minutes to perform online correction, preventing true real-time use; (2) brittle frame-to-frame (or frame-to-model) pose estimation, resulting in many tracking failures; or (3) supporting only unstructured point-based representations, which limit scan quality and applicability. We systematically address these issues with a novel, real-time, end-to-end reconstruction framework. At its core is a robust pose estimation strategy, optimizing per frame for a global set of camera poses by considering the complete history of RGB-D input with an efficient hierarchical approach. We remove the heavy reliance on temporal tracking and continually localize to the globally optimized frames instead. We contribute a parallelizable optimization framework, which employs correspondences based on sparse features and dense geometric and photometric matching. Our approach estimates globally optimized (i.e., bundle adjusted) poses in real time, supports robust tracking with recovery from gross tracking failures (i.e., relocalization), and re-estimates the 3D model in real time to ensure global consistency, all within a single framework. Our approach outperforms state-of-the-art online systems with quality on par to offline methods, but with unprecedented speed and scan completeness. Our framework leads to a comprehensive online scanning solution for large indoor environments, enabling ease of use and high-quality results. 1
&lt;title&gt;Real-Time Three-Dimensional Vision For Parts Acquisition&lt;/title&gt; (1981)

The National Bureau of Standards is developing a vision system for use in an automated factory environment. The emphasis of the project is on the real-time acquisition of three-dimensional parts using visual feedback. The system employs multiple light sources in con-junction with object models to establish the position and orientation of an object in the camera&apos;s field of view. A flood flash enables shape information to be obtained from an image, while a plane of light can be used to find the three-dimensional positions of points on the object. Because there are only a small number of object types and the objects all have pre-defined nominal locations, a model can be used to predict how the scene should look from a given viewpoint using a particular light source. This prediction can be compared with the actual image, and the differences used to establish position information. Models are expected to be particularly useful in reducing the number of views of an object necessary to calculate its three-dimensional position.
Octane Appetite Studies in Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) Engines (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The anti-knock or octane quality of a fuel depends on the fuel composition as well as on the engine design and operating conditions. The true octane quality of practical fuels is defined by the Octane Index, OI = (1-K)RON + KMON where K is a constant for a given operating condition and depends only on the pressure and temperature variation in the engine (it is not a property of the fuel). RON and MON are the Research and Motor Octane numbers respectively, of the fuel. OI is the octane number of the primary reference fuel (PRF) with the same knocking behaviour at the given condition. In this work a wide range of fuels of different RON and MON were tested in prototype direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines with compression ratios of 11 and 12.5 at different speeds up to 6000 RPM. Knock Limited Spark Advance (KLSA) was used to characterize the anti-knock quality of the fuel. Experiments were also done using two cars with DISI engines equipped with knock sensor systems. The anti-knock quality of a fuel in the car is inferred from the power/acceleration performance, which changes in response to knock. RON is dominant for fuel anti-knock quality at all engine speeds. Moreover, for low and moderate engine speeds, frequently used on the road, for a given RON, lower MON results in better fuel anti-knock quality.&lt;/div&gt;