gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Rubber Elastic Low-molecular-weight Organogel (2014)

Abstract A low-molecular-weight gel prepared from a Cu complex of a protoporphyrin IX derivative exhibits an unusual elastic behavior as revealed by rheological studies. It possesses rubber elasticity despite the formation of LMOG by noncovalent molecular stacking. This is due to the feature of the present system that the gel fibers behave similarly to covalent polymers without bundling.
Degrees of Freedom of Interference Channels With Hybrid Beamforming (2016)

We study the sum degrees of freedom (DoF) of interference channels with hybrid beamforming in which each transmitter i uses M' <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> antennas and M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> RF chains and each receiver i uses N' <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> antennas and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> RF chains, where M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> ≤ M' <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> ≤ N' <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> , ∀i = 1, 2,..., K, and hybrid beamforming composed of analog and digital precoders is employed at each node. For the two-user case, we completely characterize the sum DoF for an arbitrary number of antennas and RF chains by developing an achievable scheme optimized for the hybrid beamforming structure and deriving its matching upper bound. For a general K-user case, we focus on a symmetric case where M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> = M, N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> = N, M' <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> = M , and N' <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> = N', ∀i = 1, 2, . . ., K, and obtain lower and upper bounds on the sum DoF, which are tight when max{M',N'}/min{M',N'} is an integer. The results show that with a fixed number of RF chains, employing more antennas can increase the sum DoF of interference channel under certain conditions while this cannot improve the sum DoFs of point-to-point channel, multiple access channel, and broadcast channel.
Lorentz-force hydrophone characterization (2014)

A Lorentz-force hydrophone consists of a thin wire placed inside a magnetic field. When under the influence of an ultrasound pulse, the wire vibrates and an electrical signal is induced by the Lorentz force, which is proportional to the pulse amplitude. In this study, a compact prototype of such a hydrophone is introduced and characterized, and the previously developed hydrodynamic model is refined. It is shown that the wire tension has a negligible effect on the measurement of pressure. The frequency response of the hydrophone reaches 1 MHz for wires with diameters between 70 and 400 μm. The hydrophone exhibits a directional response such that the signal amplitude differs by less than 3 dB as the angle of the incident ultrasound pulse varies from -20° and +20°. The linearity of the measured signal is confirmed across the 50 kPa to 10 MPa pressure range, and an excellent resistance to cavitation is observed. This hydrophone is of interest for high-pressure ultrasound measurements including high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and ultrasonic measurements in difficult environments.
Generation of high-power laser pulses using nonlinear spectral compression (2018)

We report main features of spectral compression of parabolic pulses in nonlinear optical fibers. We propose a computational model of multistage amplifier with spectral compression segments incorporated. We also discuss a modification of the model that provides the formation of a parabolic envelope and linear frequency modulation of the output pulse.
Simulation of a Time-Varying Distributed Cathode in a Linear Format Crossed-Field Amplifier (2019)

The effects of a temporally modulated, distributed cathode in a linear format crossed-field amplifier (CFA) are simulated in VSim and analyzed. A linear format, 150 MHz, low power (100 W), moderate gain (7 dB), meander line CFA is used as the basis for the simulation model. This paper describes simulations with different time-varying distributed cathodes in which electron injection is modulated at the RF both in-phase and out-of-phase with the RF input. At low RF input power, the modulated electron injection dominates the operation. Injecting in-phase with the RF input shows gain increases from 23 dB at 150 mA to 32 dB at 1 A for low cathode modulation power (<;0.1 W). The CFA efficiency increased from 2%-4% to 20%-24% using the electron modulation. The simulation shows distinct cylindrically shaped electron bunches as opposed to spokes because of the synchronous injection. These results suggest that for high power magnetrons electron modulation could improve gain.
Dissipative solitons in an all-normal erbium fiber laser (2010)

Dissipative solitons at 1550 nm are generated in an all-normal erbium fiber laser containing only positive dispersive fibers. The output pulses have an energy of 20 nJ and a repetition rate of 3.5 MHz.
Electrostatic and Environmental Control of the Trion Fine Structure in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers (2022)

Charged excitons or trions are essential for optical spectra in low-dimensional doped monolayers (ML) of transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDC). Using a direct diagonalization of the three-body Hamiltonian, we calculate the low-lying trion states in four types of TMDC MLs as a function of doping and dielectric environment. We show that the fine structure of the trion is the result of the interplay between the spin-valley fine structure of the single-particle bands and the exchange interaction. We demonstrate that by variations of the doping and dielectric environment, the fine structure of the trion energy can be tuned, leading to anticrossing of the bright and dark states, with substantial implications for the optical spectra of the TMDC ML.
Phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase predicts overall survival in patients with clear margin‐resected hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

Activation of p70S6 kinase indicates aggressive tumour behaviour in patients with clear margin-resected HCC. Identification of p-p70S6 kinase in HCC selects high-risk patients who may benefit from drugs targeting the mTOR pathway.
Domino Reaction Catalyzed by Zeolites with Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites for the Production of γ‐Valerolactone from Furfural (2013)

Take the straight path: Furfural was converted into γ-valerolactone (GVL) through sequential transfer-hydrogenation and hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by zeolites with Lewis and Brønsted acid sites (see picture). Together, Zr-Beta and Al-MFI nanosheets generated GVL in 78 % yield without the use of precious metals or molecular H2. This system offers an attractive streamlined strategy for the production of GVL from biomass-derived molecules.
Visualizing the Ca <sup>2+</sup> -dependent activation of gelsolin by using synchrotron footprinting (2003)

Radiolytic protein footprinting with a synchrotron source is used to reveal detailed structural changes that occur in the Ca(2+)-dependent activation of gelsolin. More than 80 discrete peptides segments within the structure, covering 95% of the sequence in the molecule, were examined by footprinting and mass spectrometry for their solvent accessibility as a function of Ca(2+) concentration in solution. Twenty-two of the peptides exhibited detectable oxidation; for seven the oxidation extent was seen to be Ca(2+) sensitive. Ca(2+)titration isotherms monitoring the oxidation within residues 49-72 (within subdomain S1), 121-135 (S1), 162-166 (S2), and 722-748 (S6) indicate a three-state activation process with a intermediate that was populated at a Ca(2+) concentration of 1-5 microM that is competent for capping and severing activity. A second structural transition with a midpoint of approximately 60-100 microM, where the accessibility of the above four peptides is further increased, is also observed. Tandem mass spectrometry showed that buried residues within the helical "latch" of S6 (including Pro-745) that contact an F-actin-binding site on S2 and buried F-actin-binding residues within S2 (including Phe-163) are unmasked in the submicromolar Ca(2+) transition. However, residues within S4 that are part of an extended beta-sheet with S6 (including Tyr-453) are revealed only in the subsequent transition at higher Ca(2+) concentrations; the disruption of this extended contact between S4 and S6 (and likely the analogous contact between S1 and S3) likely results in an extended structure permitting additional functions consistent with the fully activated gelsolin molecule.
<scp>CD4</scp><sup>+</sup> T cells inhibit the generation of <scp>CD8</scp><sup>+</sup> epidermal‐resident memory T cells directed against clinically relevant contact allergens (2023)

As the first, this study demonstrates that clinically relevant contact allergens have the ability to generate pathogenic, epidermal CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells that recruit neutrophils following re-exposure to the allergen, but that this normally is counteracted by the simultaneous induction of anti-inflammatory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells.
EPA-0579 – At antipsychotic-like effective doses, cariprazine displays potent dopamine D3 and D2 receptor occupancy in vivo and efficacy across animal models (2014)

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease requiring treatment that manages a broad spectrum of symptoms. Cariprazine is a dopamine D3 and D2 receptor partial agonist antipsychotic candidate with preferential D3 receptor binding. Evaluate the pharmacological/behavioral profile of cariprazine in animal models. To determine the activity and receptor occupancy of cariprazine in rat models at doses that confer antipsychotic-like efficacy. Cariprazine was evaluated in rat paradigms that model symptoms of schizophrenia, mania, and depression. Occupancy of cariprazine, aripiprazole, and risperidone at D3 and D2 receptors was also compared. Cariprazine showed antipsychotic-like efficacy on conditioned avoidance response and amphetamine-induced motor activity tests (ED50: 0.8 and 0.1 mg/kg) with potencies similar to risperidone (ED50: 0.9 and 0.2 mg/kg) and greater than aripiprazole (ED50: 18 and 3.9 mg/kg). While all 3 compounds displayed high in vivo occupancy of D2 receptors, only cariprazine displayed potent in vivo occupancy of D3 receptors at antipsychotic-like doses (ED50 [% inhibition]: cariprazine, 0.43 mg/kg [99.3]; aripiprazole, >30 mg/kg [26.4]; risperidone: ~2.3 mg/kg [53.4]). At or below antipsychotic-like doses, cariprazine demonstrated antimanic-like, antidepressant-like, anxiolytic-like, and procognitive effects in rats. As determined using D3 receptor knockout mice, procognitive and antidepressant-like effects of cariprazine were shown to be mediated via the D3 receptor. At antipsychotic-like effective doses in rats, cariprazine demonstrated balanced and significant occupancy at both dopamine D2 and D3 receptors; other antipsychotics displayed relatively low D3 receptor occupancy. Additionally, at antipsychotic-like doses cariprazine demonstrated efficacy in different rat models of mania, mood, anxiety, and cognition.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase May Sensitize Tumors to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase May Sensitize Tumors to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors
Persistence of Cajal-Retzius cells in the postnatal hippocampus is required for development of dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal cells (2022)

Summary Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are a transient type of neuron that populate the postnatal hippocampus. The role of transient cell types and circuits have been vastly addressed in neocortical regions, but poorly studied in the hippocampus. To understand how CR cells’ persistence influences the maturation of hippocampal circuits, we specifically ablated CR cells from the postnatal hippocampus. Our results highlighted layer-specific effects on dendritic spines and synaptic-related genes and revealed a critical role of CR cells in the establishment of the hippocampal network.
Laser processing of titanium: oxide formation for electronic applications (2020)

The formation of laser-induced oxide layers on titanium surfaces has been widely investigated for coloring and marking applications. Complex titanium-based oxides exhibiting multiple phases can be achieved through laser patterning. Laser processing offers several advantages in that discrete areas can be modified leading to patterns with differing optical and electronic properties. To date, most research has focused on the formation and thickness control of TiO<sub>2</sub>, a wide bandgap semiconductor (~ 3.2 eV), as a means to control coloration. However, for many applications, including photodetectors and photocatalysts, a semiconductor oxide with a narrow bandgap (&lt; 1 eV) is preferred to allow for strong absorption into the mid-IR. Other oxides and sub-oxides such as Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> have been identified as a byproduct of laser surface processing. In addition to its narrow bandgap, bulk Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> offers the unique property of having a semiconductor-metal transition at around 150 – 200&deg;C where resistivity switches over an order of magnitude. Because of these properties, we investigate the optimization of laser processing conditions using picosecond and femtosecond laser irradiation to form Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The effect of laser fluence, scan speed, pulse frequency, and sample chamber pressure will be discussed. Additionally, Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films were grown via pulsed laser deposition to study structural phase purity, where the effect of growth temperature on optical and electrical properties is explored.
An <i>Mtb</i> -Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals that Bacterial LpqN Antagonizes CBL, a Host Ubiquitin Ligase that Regulates the Balance Between Anti-Viral and Anti-Bacterial Responses (2017)

SUMMARY Although macrophages are armed with potent anti-bacterial functions, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) replicates inside these innate immune cells. Determinants of macrophage-intrinsic bacterial control, and the Mtb strategies to overcome them are poorly understood. To further study these processes, we used a systematic affinity tag purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) approach to identify 187 Mtb -human protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involving 34 secreted Mtb proteins. This interaction map revealed two new factors involved in Mtb pathogenesis - the secreted Mtb protein, LpqN, and its binding partner, the human ubiquitin ligase CBL. We discovered that an lpqN Mtb mutant is attenuated in macrophages, but growth is restored when CBL is removed. Conversely, Cbl -/- macrophages are resistant to viral infection, indicating that CBL regulates cell-intrinsic polarization between anti-bacterial and anti-viral immunity. Collectively, these findings illustrate the utility of this Mtb -human PPI map as a resource for developing a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between Mtb and its host.
Resolution Enhancement of Extreme Ultraviolet Microscope Using an Extreme Ultraviolet Beam Splitter (2008)

We developed the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) beam splitter, which is a critical component for resolution enhancement, to achieve the uniform numerical aperture (NA) for all planar directions in the EUV microscope. In the fabrication of the EUV beam splitter, stress control of the Mo/Si multilayer is a necessary to achieve a self-standing membrane of the Mo/Si multilayer. We succeeded with the stress control by optimizing RF power, DC power, and argon working pressure during Mo/Si multilayer deposition. A large effective area of 8×10 mm2, reflectivity of 27%, and transmittance of 17% were achieved simultaneously. Furthermore, by installing the EUV beam splitter in stead of a turning mirror of Schwarzschild optics (SCO), the NA of the SCO became the same in the horizontal and vertical directions on a sample plane. Thus, the 300-nm line and space elbow pattern on an EUV mask for all planar directions was clearly resolved. We have developed an EUV microscope with an EUV beam splitter and succeeded in the highly precise pattern inspection.
Electrolysis of (CH3)4NF•5HF Melt with Boron-doped Diamond Anode (2009)

Since a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode is able to be used as an anode in the (CH3)4NF•mHF melt, the performance of BDD anode for electrolytic production of perfluorotrimethylamine [(CF3)3N] was investigated in the melt of (CH3)4NF•5.0HF by galvanostatic electrolysis at 20, 40, 60 and 100 mA•cm−2. The anode gas was analyzed quantatively by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Also, the surface of BDD electrode before and after electrolysis was analyzed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy and was observed by SEM. The ratios of (CF3)3N and (CF3)2CHF2N to overall anode gas increased with increasing the current density. This fact suggests that electrolytic fluorination may be promoted at higher current density. From the results of surface analyses, it is concluded that the electrolytic production of (CF3)3N from (CH3)4NF•5.0HF melt using a BDD anode is an appropriate process because the BDD film on the carbon substrate has a good electric conductivity during electrolysis.
Synthèse d'un podocarpane fonctionnalisé et préparation d'hétéroquinones pour l'inhibition de phosphatases et de réductases (2009)

The main subject of this presented thesis deals with the synthesis of new quinones, especially terpenylquinones and heteroquinones, compounds that are known to have interesting biologycal properties. The first part concerns the preparation of a functionalized podocarpane, a key intermediate in the synthesis of natural compounds like celaphanol A. The second part deals with the preparation of heteroquinones and it is divided in two subparts: the synthesis of thioalkylated heteroquinones and the preparation of heteroquinones with antimalarial activity. The thioalkylated compounds were tested as potential anticancer drugs (inhibition of CDC25 phosphatases) and the evaluation of the biological activity of the antimalarial quinones allowed the identification of a key compound that was coupled with a terpenic derivative.
Early Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy Correlates With Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation End Products (2013)

The results suggest that these three major AGEs may be early indicators of progression of important DN lesions.
Soft Landing technique as a possible prevention strategy for proximal junctional failure following adult spinal deformity surgery (2021)

Soft Landing technique is a possibly effective treatment strategy to prevent PJK and PJF following ASD that requires further evaluation. The described classification system provides management framework for better grading of PJK. The "Soft Landing" technique warrants further comparison to other techniques currently used to prevent both PJK and failure.
Central visual field damage in glaucoma eyes with choroidal microvasculature dropout with and without high axial myopia (2023)

MvD was more prevalent and larger in POAG eyes with high myopia than in non-highly myopic POAG eyes. In both groups, eyes with MvD showed worse glaucoma severity and more central VF defects.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) Oxidation of Silyl Enol Ethers to Enones via DDQ‐Substrate Adducts. (1990)

Abstract The silyl enol ethers (I) react with DDQ (II) to give the CC‐linked adducts (III) as the main products, together with the ethers (IV).
Soybean oil as a renewable feedstock for nitrogen-containing derivatives (2008)

A review is given of the use of soybean oil as a renewable feedstock to produce a range of different materials that contain nitrogen. In the past, most efforts have been concentrated on converting triglycerides to fatty amines and amides. Indeed, many industrially significant fatty amines and amides are known and widely used. More recently, several research groups have developed novel approaches to functionalize the fatty acid chain structures to produce novel compounds, surfactants, and even polymers that contain nitrogen. Some of the approaches (involving organic and enzymatic reactions) may have industrial relevance. Included in this review are reactions with triglyceride oils, fatty acid esters, and methyl soyate (methyl esters of triglyceride oils).
Development of <sup>19</sup>F-NMR chemical shift detection of DNA B–Z equilibrium using <sup>19</sup>F-NMR (2017)

Various DNA conformational changes are in correlation with biological events. In particular, DNA B-Z equilibrium showed a high correlation with translation and transcription. In this study, we developed a DNA probe containing 5-trifluoromethylcytidine or 5-trifluoromethylthymidine to detect DNA B-Z equilibrium using <sup>19</sup>F-NMR. Its probe enabled the quantitative detection of B-, Z-, and ss-DNA based on <sup>19</sup>F-NMR chemical shift change.
Mechanical failure in thin‐film nonlinear optical polymers: Structure and processing issues (1994)

Abstract Stress developed during the spin‐coating process often initiates cracks leading to failure in nonlinear optical devices. The primary intrinsic reasons for this were shown to be a lack of a secondary relaxation process below the glass transition as well as an insufficiently large molecular weight to enhance toughness by chain entanglement, as detected by dielectric measurements and viscoelastic shear moduli, respectively. A detailed systematic synthetic effort was undertaken to increase the chain length through improved free‐radical methods. Results showed that as the molecular weight was raised chain entanglements were observed and film toughness was improved as evidenced by the thicker, crack‐free film attained. As well as thermal stresses, solvent stress cracking was identified as a major source of fabrication defects in the multilayer spin‐coating process. A plasma polymer layer deposited on the film surface was successful as a barrier layer preventing solvent penetration and crack formation. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
On MAP Inference by MWSS on Perfect Graphs (2013)

Finding the most likely (MAP) configuration of a Markov random field (MRF) is NP-hard in general. A promising, recent technique is to reduce the problem to finding a maximum weight stable set (MWSS) on a derived weighted graph, which if perfect, allows inference in polynomial time. We derive new results for this approach, including a general decomposition theorem for MRFs of any order and number of labels, extensions of results for binary pairwise models with submodular cost functions to higher order, and an exact characterization of which binary pairwise MRFs can be efficiently solved with this method. This defines the power of the approach on this class of models, improves our toolbox and expands the range of tractable models.