gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal Concept for Bright, Organic, Solid-State Emitters─Doping of <i>Small-Molecule Ionic Isolation Lattices</i> with FRET Acceptors (2022)

Brightly fluorescent solid-state materials are highly desirable for bioimaging, optoelectronic applications, and energy harvesting. However, the close contact between π-systems most often leads to quenching. Recently, we developed <i>small-molecule ionic isolation lattices</i> (SMILES) that efficiently isolate fluorophores while ensuring very high densities of the dyes. Nevertheless, efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) energy migration in such dense systems is inevitable. While attractive for energy harvesting applications, FRET also significantly compromises quantum yields of fluorescent solids by funneling the excitation energy to dark trap states. Here, we investigate the underlying property of FRET and exploit it to our favor by intentionally introducing fluorescent dopants into SMILES materials, acting as FRET acceptors with favorable photophysical properties. This doping is shown to outcompete energy migration to dark trap states while also ruling out reabsorption effects in dense SMILES materials, resulting in universal fluorescent solid-state materials (thin films, powders, and crystals) with superior properties. These include emission quantum yields reaching as high as 50-65%, programmable fluorescence lifetimes with mono-exponential decay, and independent selection of absorption and emission maxima. The volume normalized brightness of these FRET-based SMILES now reach values up to 32,200 M<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> nm<sup>-3</sup> and can deliver freely tunable spectroscopic properties for the fabrication of super-bright advanced optical materials. It is found that SMILES prohibit PET quenching between donor and acceptor dyes that is observed for non-SMILES mixtures of the same dyes. This allows a very broad selection of donor and acceptor dyes for use in FRET SMILES.
Fluorescence of protonated and unprotonated Schiff base of retinal at room temperature. (1994)

The Schiff base of retinal (SBR) is the only chromophore which is active in such important photobiological processes as vision and bacteriorhodopsin photosynthesis. The steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques are the most sensitive to study properties of the lowest excited states of organic molecules. Unfortunately, emission studies of SBR and protonated SBR (PSBR) are complicated because of their very weak and fast fluorescence.
Printed high-efficiency quadruple-junction, four-terminal solar cells and modules for full spectrum utilization (2014)

We present printed microscale multijunction (MJ) multi-terminal high-efficiency solar cells to overcome the epi-growth and current-matching limitations of conventional MJ cells. We demonstrate quadruple junction, four-terminal solar cells with measured efficiencies of 43.9% at concentrations exceeding 1000 suns, and modules with efficiencies of 36.5%.
A mathematical model for the release, transport, and retention of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the vadose zone (2020)

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants of critical concern. As surfactants, PFAS tend to accumulate at air-water interfaces and may stay in the vadose zone for long times before contaminating groundwater. Yet not well understood, the extent of retention in the vadose zone has critical implications for risk management and remediation strategies. We present the first mathematical model that accounts for surfactant-induced flow and solid-phase and air-water interfacial adsorption. We apply the model to simulate PFOS (a PFAS compound of primary concern) transport in the vadose zone at a model fire-training area site impacted by Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF). Air-water interfacial adsorption is shown to have a significant impact-amplified by the low water content due to gravity drainage-total retardation factors range from 233 to 1355 for the sand and 146 to 792 for the soil used in the study. The simulations illustrate it can take several decades or longer for PFOS to reach groundwater. Counterintuitively, the lower water content in the sand-due to stronger drainage and weaker capillary retention-leads to retardation factors greater than for the soil. Also, most PFOS is adsorbed at air-water interfaces with only 1-2% in the aqueous phase. The implications include 1) fine-texture materials could have lower retardation factors than sand due to higher retained water content, 2) soil PFAS concentrations are likely to be orders of magnitude higher than those in groundwater at source zones. Both implications are consistent with recent field observations at hundreds of AFFF-impacted sites.
Subjective Evaluation of Image Impression Enhancement due to WCG and HDR (2018)

We investigated the psychological effects of UHDTV viewing. UHDTV not only increased the spatio-temporal resolution but also expanded the color gamut and dynamic range. Although the introduction of a wide color gamut (WCG) and high dynamic range (HDR) made it possible to express more faithful images, it is unknown how it contributes to the viewer's benefit. We verified the image impression enhancement effect due to the introduction of HDR and WCG through a subjective evaluation test. The results indicated that the two factors work additively for impression enhancement and HDR appears to be the dominant factor.
Multiple head and neck tumors: evidence for a common clonal origin. (1996)

Patients with head and neck cancers have a high (2-3%/year) incidence of second primary lesions. Clinically, these new lesions are identified either simultaneously with the primary lesion (synchronous) or after a period of time (metachronous). This observation has been attributed to the concept of "field carcinogenesis," which is based on the hypothesis that prolonged exposure to carcinogens leads to the independent transformation of multiple epithelial cells at several sites. An alternative theory is based on the premise that any transforming event is rare; following initial transformation, the progeny of the transformed clone spread through the mucosa and give rise to geographically distinct but genetically related tumors. We analyzed the pattern of X-chromosome inactivation in multiple primary tumors from eight female patients with head and neck cancer. In addition, we used microsatellite analysis to examine the pattern of allelic loss on chromosomes 9p and 3p, identified as early events in the progression of head and neck malignancies. In four of four cases, multiple tumors demonstrated the same pattern of X-chromosome inactivation. In the remaining four cases, X-chromosome deletions prevented interpretation (n = 3), or the androgen receptor locus was noninformative (n = 1). In three of nine patients, multiple tumors displayed the same pattern of loss of heterozygosity, two with identical breakpoints on chromosome 9p. In one patient, there was an identical microsatellite alteration at a 3p locus, definitive evidence that these tumors arose from the same clone. Our findings suggest that in at least a proportion of patients with head and neck cancers, multiple primary tumors arise from a single clone.
Spectral reflectance tuning of EUV mirrors for metrology applications (2003)

Mo/Si multilayer mirrors with as well an increased as a reduced bandwidth in their spectral and angular reflectance have been designed and deposited for the wavelength about 13.5 nm. For the broadband mirrors, a non-periodic multilayer design based on the thickness optimization of each layer by a stochastic method is compared to a desing that consists of 3 different monoperiodic stacks. In addition, narrowband multilayer mirrors with a significantly reduced bandwidth based on high order reflection have been designed and fabricated. A near-normal peak reflectivity of more than 20% and 30% were achieved for the broadband mirros in the wavelength range from 13 nm to 15 nm and the incidence angles from 0&deg; to 20&deg;, respectively. The decrease of FWHM for Mo/Si mirrors from 0.5 nm to 0.07 nm was shown for suggested narrowband design. Both the increase and the reduction of the reflection bandwidth are unavoidably connected with a decrease of peak reflectivity. Therefore, the application of such mirrors involves areas where a maximum peak reflectivity is not required, e.g. in EUV spectroscopy, radiation filtration and for the characterization of EUV sources. Furthermore, the use of such mirrors in combination with a broadband plasma source will result in a higher integral reflectivity.
Progress in development of the readout chip for the ATLAS semiconductor tracker (2000)

The development of the ABCD chip for the binary readout of silicon strip detectors in the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker has entered a pre-production prototyping phase. Following evaluation of the ABCD2T prototype chip, necessary correction in the design have been implemented and the ABCD3T version has been manufactured in the DMILL process. Design issues addressed in the ABCD3T chip and performance of this pre-production prototype are discussed.
Human optic nerve DTI with EPI geometric distortion correction (2009)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the human optic nerve presents challenges from geometric distortion in echo planar imaging (EPI) caused by magnetic field inhomogeneity and partial volume artifacts caused by confounding signals from surrounding fat and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A protocol for human optic nerve DTI was developed with geometric distortion correction and suppression of fat and CSF signals. This protocol was modified from a conventional DTI protocol to acquire images and field maps covering the whole brain including contiguous slices of the optic nerves. The technique was applied to healthy volunteers and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without history of unilateral optic neuritis (ON). DTI measures of the optic nerves before and after distortion correction were compared. Means and standard deviations of these measures from different cohorts were reported.
Chemerin regulates normal angiogenesis and hypoxia-driven neovascularization (2021)

Chemerin is a multifunctional protein initially characterized in our laboratory as a chemoattractant factor for leukocyte populations. Its main functional receptor is CMKLR1. We identified previously chemerin as an anti-tumoral factor inhibiting the vascularization of tumor grafts. We show here that overexpression of bioactive chemerin in mice results in a reduction of the density of the retinal vascular network during its development and in adults. Chemerin did not affect vascular sprouting during the post-natal development of the network, but rather promoted endothelial cell apoptosis and vessel pruning. This phenotype was reversed to normal in CMKLR1-deficient mice, demonstrating the role of this receptor. Chemerin inhibited also neoangiogenesis in a model of pathological proliferative retinopathy, and in response to hind-limb ischemia. Mechanistically, PTEN and FOXO1 antagonists could almost completely restore the density of the retinal vasculature, suggesting the involvement of the PI3-kinase/AKT pathway in the chemerin-induced vessel regression process.
Impact of advanced Parkinson’s disease on caregivers: an international real-world study (2023)

N/A.
Oligonucleotide selection phase (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "AMOD: a morpholino oligonucleotide selection tool"Nucleic Acids Research 2005;33(Web Server issue):W506-W511.Published online 27 Jun 2005PMCID:PMC1160214.© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved () All intra-strand binding alignments are reported, and the alignments yielding the maximum global intra-strand binding and the maximum intra-strand binding constrained to a four-base window are noted. () AMOD uses a second set of BLAST comparisons between select morpholinos and genomic sequences or the transcriptome to identify genes that could be targeted by the selected morpholino oligonucleotides.
OSGi and Equinox: Creating Highly Modular Java Systems (2010)

A Hands-On Guide to Equinox and the OSGi Framework In OSGI and Equinox: Creating Highly Modular Java Systems, three leading experts show developersfor the first timeexactly how to make the most of these breakthrough technologies for building highly modular dynamic systems. Youll quickly get started with Eclipse bundle tooling, create your first OSGi-based system, and move rapidly to sophisticated production development. Next, youll master best practices and techniques for creating systems with exceptional modularity and maintainability. Youll learn all about OSGis Declarative Services and how to use them to solve a wide variety of real-world problems. Finally, youll see everything that youve learned implemented in a complete case study project that takes you from early prototype through application delivery. For every Eclipse developer, regardless of previous experience, this book Combines a complete hands-on tutorial, online sample code at every step, and deep technical dives for working developersCovers the OSGi programming model, component development, OSGi services, Eclipse bundle tooling, server-side Equinox, and much moreOffers knowledge, guidance, and best practices for overcoming the complexities of building modular systems Addresses practical issues ranging from integrating third-party code libraries to server-side programmingIncludes a comprehensive case study that goes beyond prototyping to deliver a fully refined and refactored production systemWhatever your application, industry, or problem domain, if you want to build state-of-the-art software systems with OSGi and Equinox, you will find this book to be an essential resource.
Nanosecond heme-to-heme electron transfer rates in a multiheme cytochrome nanowire reported by a spectrally unique His/Met-ligated heme (2021)

Proteins achieve efficient energy storage and conversion through electron transfer along a series of redox cofactors. Multiheme cytochromes are notable examples. These proteins transfer electrons over distance scales of several nanometers to >10 μm and in so doing they couple cellular metabolism with extracellular redox partners including electrodes. Here, we report pump-probe spectroscopy that provides a direct measure of the intrinsic rates of heme-heme electron transfer in this fascinating class of proteins. Our study took advantage of a spectrally unique His/Met-ligated heme introduced at a defined site within the decaheme extracellular MtrC protein of <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> We observed rates of heme-to-heme electron transfer on the order of 10<sup>9</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (3.7 to 4.3 Å edge-to-edge distance), in good agreement with predictions based on density functional and molecular dynamics calculations. These rates are among the highest reported for ground-state electron transfer in biology. Yet, some fall 2 to 3 orders of magnitude below the Moser-Dutton ruler because electron transfer at these short distances is through space and therefore associated with a higher tunneling barrier than the through-protein tunneling scenario that is usual at longer distances. Moreover, we show that the His/Met-ligated heme creates an electron sink that stabilizes the charge separated state on the 100-μs time scale. This feature could be exploited in future designs of multiheme cytochromes as components of versatile photosynthetic biohybrid assemblies.
Stainless Steel Mesh-Supported NiS Nanosheet Array as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2016)

Nickel(II) sulfide (NiS) nanosheets with a thickness of 10 nm and a size of 200 nm were facilely grown on stainless steel (SLS) meshes via a one-pot hydrothermal method. This unique construction renders an excellent electrical contact between the porous film of active NiS sheets and the highly conductive substrate, which exhibits a superior catalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The NiS@SLS electrocatalyst exhibits an unusually low overpotential of 297 mV (i.e., 1.524 V vs RHE) at a current density of 11 mA·cm(-2), and an extra small Tafel slope of only 47 mV·dec(-1) proves an even more competitive performance at high to very high current densities. This performance compares very favorably to other Ni-based catalysts and even to the precious state-of-the-art IrO2 or RuO2 catalyst.
Mitochondria as a Target for Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection (2011)

Cardiac damage is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality particularly associated with coronary artery disease. Moreover, it is also related to some metabolic diseases such as diabetes and to some side effects of drug treatments. Regular exercise has been confirmed as a pragmatic countermeasure to protect against cardiac injury. Specifically, life-long physical activity and endurance exercise training have been proven to provide cardioprotection against cardiac insults in both young and old animals. It is suggested that the beneficial effects resulting from increased physical activity levels occur at different levels of cellular organization, being mitochondria preferential target organelles. At present, it remains unclear what the protective mechanisms that are essential for exercise-induced cardioprotection are. Proposed mechanisms to explain the cardioprotective effects of exercise are mediated, at least partially, by redox changes and include the up-regulation of mitochondrial chaperones, improved antioxidant capacity, and/or elevation of other protective molecules against cellular death. It is possible that under some conditions, exercise also diminishes the increased susceptibility of cardiac mitochondria to undergo permeability transition pore opening through the modulation of pore components or sensitizers. The role of physical exercise against the impairment of heart mitochondrial function that accompany ageing, diabetes, administration of the anti-cancer agent Doxorubicin and ischemia-reperfusion is analysed in the present review, which provides biochemical, functional and morphological data illustrating the cross tolerance effect of exercise in these conditions predisposing to cardiac "mitotoxicity". However, further work should be addressed in order to clarify the precise regulatory mechanisms by which physical exercise augments heart mitochondrial tolerance against many conditions predisposing to dysfunction.
Research data supporting the publication 'Nonlinear Spectral Image Fusion' (2017)

This is Matlab code for the creation of image fusions based on the nonlinear spectral TV transform. The method of spectral image fusion is explained in the corresponding SSVM publication 'Nonlinear Spectral Image Fusion'. In order to run the automatic image fusion pipeline with the Obama/Reagan example as visualised in the paper, please follow the instructions in the readme.txt file in the folder 'spectralImageFusionOfFaces'. If you want to compute the spectral image fusions of Gauß and Newton in the supplementary files, please follow the instructions in the Matlab live scripts 'gaussnewton.mlx' or 'newtongauss.mlx' in the folder 'Banknote examples'.
Brain morphometry and diminished physical growth in Bangladeshi children growing up in extreme poverty: A longitudinal study (2021)

Diminished physical growth is a common marker of malnutrition and it affects approximately 200 million children worldwide. Despite its importance and prevalence, it is not clear whether diminished growth relates to brain development and general cognitive ability. Further, diminished growth is more common in areas of extreme poverty, raising the possibility that it may mediate previously shown links between socioeconomic status (SES) and brain structure. To address these gaps, 79 children growing up in an extremely poor, urban area of Bangladesh underwent MRI at age six years. Structural brain images were submitted to Mindboggle software, a Docker-compliant and high-reproducibility tool for tissue segmentation and regional estimations of volume, surface area, cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and mean curvature. Diminished growth predicted brain morphometry and mediated the link between SES and brain morphometry most consistently for subcortical and white matter subcortical volumes. Meanwhile, brain volume in left pallidum and right ventral diencephalon mediated the relationship between diminished growth and full-scale IQ. These findings offer malnutrition as one possible pathway through which SES affects brain development and general cognitive ability in areas of extreme poverty.
Experimental Evaluation of a Mixed Friction Hydrostatic Mechanical Face Seal Model Considering Radial Taper, Thermal Taper, and Wear (1982)

In this paper the results of experimental investigations of the effects of radial taper on mechanical face seals are presented and compared to theory. The previously published theory considers the effects of thermal taper caused by a temperature gradient in the seal rings; mixed friction in the case where load support is shared between hydrostatic support and partial contact of the seal faces; surface roughness, which affects both load sharing and leakage; and wear, which alters the radial profile. Fifteen tests were run using a 100 mm diameter carbon versus tungsten carbide seal at 1800 rpm and 3.45 MPa in water. Test duration was up to 100 hr. Varying amounts of radial taper were used. Tests were run at balance ratios of 1.00 and 0.75. Initial and final surface profiles were recorded. Seal torque, leakage, and face temperatures were recorded as functions of time. Results show that theory predicts initial torque and leakage as functions of initial taper quite well, given knowledge of seal surface characteristics. Predicted equilibrium thermal taper as a function of torque for a balance ratio of 1.0 is good. For a seal having a balance ratio of 0.75, predicted equilibrium thermal rotation shows some agreement but more experimental data are needed. The results of 1.00 balance ratio tests suggest that after a long period of operation, any initial taper will be worn away and the seal would continue to operate as a parallel face seal. Results from long-term tests indicate that the wear coefficient is not a constant. While the experimental results support the basic concepts of the model, the results show where further work must be done to better understand the role of surface roughness and wear processes in mechanical face seals.
High hydrostatic pressure treatment provides persimmon good characteristics to formulate milk-based beverages with enhanced functionality (2014)

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) applied during food processing can improve the retention of food quality attributes and nutritional values in comparison with pasteurization. Persimmon is a good source of bioactive compounds but it is a seasonal fruit that cannot be consumed throughout the year. The aim of this work was to compare the HHP and pasteurization treatments to formulate milk-based beverages containing this carotenoid rich ingredient and to evaluate their performance in these beverages. The carotenoid and tannin contents of persimmon were determined and the microstructure and rheology of the new milk-based persimmon beverages were examined. The results showed that HHP treatment favoured the release of carotenoids from the fruit matrix and precipitation of the tannins. The milk-based beverages prepared with the high-pressure persimmon presented the best rheological properties because unlike the untreated and pasteurized persimmon milk-based beverages, they did not form a gel-like structure or separate out.