gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceptual information for voicing of postvocalic fricatives (1980)

As voicing in a word-final fricative varies, the duration and the internal temporal and spectral structure of a preceding vowel also vary. We examined the importance of vowel structure variations as a fricative voicing cue. Stimuli were prepared by computer editing of vowel nuclei from utterances [jus] and [juz] which lacked final first formant transitions and differed in both vowel duration and structure. Durations were systematically varied from 350–550 ms to produce pairs of vowel nuclei with equal durations and different structures. Duration of unvoiced friction was also varied from 100–250 ms making a total of 40 stimuli. Identification responses to these stimuli by 15 listeners revealed that friction duration was a weak voicing cue, while vowel duration functioned as a much more effective voicing cue, replicating previous findings [P. Denes, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 27, 761–764 (1955)]. However, vowel structure was also a strong voicing cue, having a greater perceptual effect than 50 ms changes in duration. Acoustic analyses of the experimental stimuli suggested that proportional durations of the formant transitions and total vowel duration together specify voicing information.
Brown coal char CO<sub>2</sub>‐gasification kinetics with respect to the char structure part II: Kinetics and correlations (2018)

Abstract Coal's physical structure is known to affect high‐temperature coal conversion processes such as gasification or combustion. This paper is Part II of the study of brown coal char structural changes during gasification. Firstly, German Lusatian brown coal was gasified in a laboratory‐scale fluidized bed reactor in CO 2 within a temperature range of 800–950 °C at atmospheric pressure. Then, physical structure properties were extensively evaluated by means of various techniques. Char specific surface area and its changes during gasification reaction were evaluated using N 2 and CO 2 physical adsorption techniques. Adsorption isotherms were also interpreted employing unconventional methods in order to obtain the specific surface areas of pores of different sizes. Gasification kinetics were evaluated employing three widely applied kinetic models: the random pore model (RPM), the volume reaction model (VM), and the shrinking core model (SCM). Finally, the instantaneous gasification reaction rate was correlated with the char structural properties at the corresponding conversion degrees. The closest linear correlation appeared between the gasification reaction rate and the specific surface area of mesopores (as determined by N 2 adsorption). Furthermore, correlations of the other structural properties with char conversion are provided. Observed structural changes were compared with the assumptions of the kinetic models.
Quantifying the intrinsic value of algal biomass based on a multi-product biorefining strategy (2023)

Microalgal biomass is poised to become an important feedstock in the quest to decarbonize the fuels and chemical industries. In this way, it is imperative that researchers prioritize efforts for increased chances of economic viability of the microalgae biomass supply chain. This work applies a sequential techno-economic assessment (TEA) methodology to compare the economic trade-offs between microalgae growth and compositional shift while solving for an alternative economic metric: intrinsic algal biomass value, i.e., the revenue obtained from processing and converting the main components of algae biomass - carbohydrates, lipids, and protein - to a portfolio of products. The framework relies on data derived from small-scale cultivations to initially determine the maximum economic potential of different product portfolios as obtained in multiple biorefining setups. The approach further downselects the number of possible strains to undergo an in-depth TEA in order to quantify the value of transitioning from nutrient-replete to nutrient-deplete cultivations. Among the 13 permutations of strains and cultivation strategies analyzed, this study demonstrated an increase in intrinsic biomass value for four strains after the compositional shift: Chlorella sorokiniana DOE1412, Chlorella sorokiniana DOE1116, Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX393, and Scenedesmus obliquus DOE0152.Z. While product selection is critical in the exploitation of microalgal biomass, the four mentioned strains at least double their intrinsic biomass values, reaching up to $264/ton in net margins above minimum biomass selling prices. This is attainable without considering the production of small market size specialty chemicals, instead targeting markets with scalability potential and/or with currently large sizes. Two other strains, namely Picochlorum celeri WT-CSM/EMRE and Tetraselmis striata LANL1001, should have their biomass productivities increased by around 5 g/m2/day in nutrient-deplete cultivations to achieve economic viability. The concept of implementing an objective comparison between different portfolio configurations detailed herein is an innovative approach towards the economic assessment of microalgae valorization strategies.
Use of a MCL-1 inhibitor alone to de-bulk melanoma and in combination to kill melanoma initiating cells (2016)

MCL-1 (BCL-2 family anti-apoptotic protein) is responsible for melanoma's resistance to therapy. Cancer initiating cells also contribute to resistance and relapse from treatments. Here we examined the effects of the MCL-1 inhibitor SC-2001 in killing non melanoma-initiating-cells (bulk of melanoma), and melanoma-initiating-cells (MICs). By itself, SC-2001 significantly kills melanoma cells under monolayer conditions in vitro and in a conventional mouse xenograft model. However, even at high doses (10μM), SC-2001 does not effectively eliminate MICs. In contrast, the combination of SC-2001 with ABT-737 (a BCL-2/BCL-XL/BCL-W inhibitor) significantly decreases ALDH+ cells, disrupts primary spheres, and inhibits the self-renewability of MICs. These results were observed in multiple melanomas, including short term cultures of relapsed tumors from current treatments, independent of the mutation status of BRAF or NRAS. Using a low-cell-number mouse xenograft model, we examined the effects of these treatments on the tumor initiating ability of MIC-enriched cultures. The combination therapy reduces tumor formation significantly compared to either drug alone. Mechanistic studies using shRNA and the CRISPR-Cas9 technology demonstrated that the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins NOXA and BIM contribute to the combination-induced cell death. These results indicate that the MCL-1 inhibitor SC-2001 combined with ABT-737 is a promising treatment strategy for targeting melanoma.
Effect of TREM-1 deficiency on bacterial clearance, pulmonary neutrophil influx and organ damage during experimental melioidosis. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;WT (closed circles/black bars) and &lt;i&gt;Trem-1/3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-/-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; mice (open circles/ white bars) were intranasally infected with 5 x 102 CFU of &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;pseudomallei&lt;/i&gt; and sacrificed 24 and 72 h post-infection, followed by determination of bacterial loads in lung homogenate &lt;b&gt;(&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;),&lt;/b&gt; BALF &lt;b&gt;(&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;),&lt;/b&gt; blood &lt;b&gt;(&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt; and liver &lt;b&gt;(&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;).&lt;/b&gt; Neutrophil influx as determined by % Ly6G positive surface of lung slides was calculated for WT and &lt;i&gt;Trem-1/3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-/-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; mice &lt;b&gt;(&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;).&lt;/b&gt; Lung &lt;b&gt;(&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt; and spleen &lt;b&gt;(&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;G&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt; pathology was scored as described in the Methods section. Aspartate transaminase (AST; &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;),&lt;/b&gt; alanine transaminase (ALT; &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; &lt;i&gt;J&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt; and blood urea nitrogen (BUN; &lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;) were measured as a marker for end organ damage. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 7–8 mice per group. *&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05; **&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.01 (Mann-Whitney &lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt; test).&lt;/p&gt;
Vibration Damping Using Electro-Hydrostatic Actuation Technology (2014)

Vibration damping finds its application in almost any system or structure subject to oscillatory excitations. Vehicles, or better, the intrinsic nature of the environments that surround and interact with them demand certain degree of adaptability of the vehicle subsystems to a wide range of working conditions. This requirement, together with the fast development of electronics and motion transducers, leads to the interesting possibility of designing and implementing adaptive damping devices. In a context where technological alternatives are numerous, the present dissertation explores the potentialities and limitations of the electro-hydrostatic actuation (EHA) technology as a vibration suppression device. For this purpose, the case study of the lead-lag motion damping of a rotorcraft blade is proposed. Thus, the workflow of the thesis introduces modeling and design aspects that can be applied to any EHA damping application. Considerations about power consumption and technology limitations are covered as well. Then, after a brief introduction to the lead-lag damping phenomenon, the design of the adaptive damper is carried out. This phase yields an off-the-shelf component prototype and a custom EHA damper that integrates all the components in a single manifold. Finally, both devices are tested in an experimental context to assess the validity of the solution for the selected application
Resilient High Catalytic Performance of Platinum Nanocatalysts with Porous Graphene Envelope (2015)

Despite the innumerable developments of nanosized and well dispersed noble metal catalysts, the degradation of metal nanoparticle catalysts has proven to be a significant obstacle for the commercialization of the hydrogen fuel cell. Here, the formation of Pt nanoparticle catalysts with a porous graphene envelope has been achieved using a single step low temperature vaporization process. While these Pt-Gr core-shell nanoparticles possess superior resilience to degradation, it comes at the cost of degraded overall catalyst efficacy. However, it is possible to combat this lower overall performance through inclusion of low concentrations of nitrogen precursor in the initial stage of single-step synthesis, inhibiting the formation of complete graphene shells, as verified by atomic resolution aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) imaging. The resultant porous graphene encapsulated Pt catalysts are found to have both the high peak performance of the bare Pt nanoparticle catalysts and the increased resilience of the fully shielded Pt-Gr core-shells, with the optimal N-doped Pt-Gr yielding a peak efficiency of 87% compared to bare Pt, and maintaining 90% of its catalytic activity after extended potential cycling. The nitrogen treated Pt-Gr core-shells thus act as an effective substitute catalyst for conventional bare Pt nanoparticles, maintaining their catalytic performance over prolonged use.
Specific N-methylations of HPV-16 E7 peptides alter binding to the retinoblastoma suppressor protein. (1992)

Complex formation between the human papilloma virus type 16 E7 protein (HPV-16 E7) and the retinoblastoma growth suppressor protein (RB) is believed to contribute to the process of cellular transformation that leads to cervical carcinoma. Genetic analysis of the HPV-16 E7 protein has shown that the segment of E7 homologous to the conserved region 2 of adenovirus 5 E1A protein is involved in both RB binding and E7-mediated cell transformation. We have previously shown that a peptide colinear with HPV-16 E7 residues 21-29 was able to block immobilized species of E7 from binding to RB protein. The current study reports the effects of different chemical modifications of this peptide. One type of modification, methylation of the alpha-amino nitrogens contributed by Leu22, Tyr25, and Leu28, resulted in a 45-fold increase in E7/RB binding antagonist activity. This increased antagonist activity is sequence-specific since methylation of the amino groups contributed by Tyr23, Cys24, or Glu26 resulted in a profound loss of binding antagonist activity. Using a newly developed binding assay we determined that the apparent dissociation constant for recombinant HPV-16 E7 protein binding to recombinant human RB protein is 1.3 nM. The peptide Ac[N-MeLeu22,N-Me-Tyr25,N-MeLeu28]-(21-29)-E7 amide was determined to be a competitive inhibitor of HPV-16 E7 binding to RB with a Ki value of 32 nM.
Sampled-data H&lt;inf&gt;∞&lt;/inf&gt;-control for hybrid systems (2001)

We apply general results for hybrid H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> -controller design to the sampled-data case, such that a general discrete-time problem is treated together with a continuous-time part, but there is neither continuous-time control nor continuous-time measurement. Such a sampled-data system is periodic in nature, why periodic behaviour is considered. The sampling may well be multi-rate, i.e. different signals may be sampled by different rates, as long as a periodic pattern is repeated over the period, consisting of a number of sampling steps. The sampled-data system is discretised such that the continuous-time performance is reflected in the discretised or "lifted" system. The hold-states case is presented as a special case, when there is a hold circuit at the controller output. The method is Riccati equation (RE) based, and in the hold-states case the continuous-time REs with discrete-time updates can be replaced by one discrete-time RE reflecting also the continuous-time behaviour during the sampling period. The paper also presents convergence results between the discretised Riccati solutions and the corresponding continuous-time solutions, when the sampling interval decreases towards zero. Simulations are shown when the results are applied to the control of a MIMO jet-engine model.
Wave-function analysis of dynamic cancellation of ac Stark shifts in optical lattice clocks by use of pulsed Raman and electromagnetically-induced-transparency techniques (2007)

We study analytically the dynamic cancellation of ac Stark shift in the recently proposed pulsed electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT-)Raman optical lattice clock based on the wave-function formalism. An explicit expression for the time evolution operator corresponding to the effective two-level interaction Hamiltonian has been obtained in order to explain the atomic phase shift cancellation due to the ac Stark shift induced by the time-separated laser pulses. We present how to determine an optimum value of the common detuning of the driving fields at which the atomic phase shift cancels completely with the parameters for the practical realization of the EIT-Raman optical lattice clock with alkaline-earth-metal atoms.
Simulation of Magneto-Rheological Fluids Using Lattice Boltzmann Method (2004)

Lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations of Magneto-rheological fluids under a rotating magnetic field are presented in this paper. The LB method gives a complete solution of Navier-Stokes equation based on the Boltzmann transport equation. A relatively good agreement of normalized number of aggregated particles in experiments and simulations is found. Results pertaining to variation of chain length vs. Mason number are also shown. A complete analysis and comparison of forces on the particles found from LB simulations and from simple Particle dynamics (PD) type approach is also shown. Another aim of this study was to determine under what conditions do we need to solve the complete Navier-Stokes equations and under what conditions a simplistic but very fast simulation method like particle dynamics will work for Magneto-rheological fluids.
From Loci to Biology (2016)

Genome-wide association studies have provided a rich collection of ≈ 58 coronary artery disease (CAD) loci that suggest the existence of previously unsuspected new biology relevant to atherosclerosis. However, these studies only identify genomic loci associated with CAD, and many questions remain even after a genomic locus is definitively implicated, including the nature of the causal variant(s) and the causal gene(s), as well as the directionality of effect. There are several tools that can be used for investigation of the functional genomics of these loci, and progress has been made on a limited number of novel CAD loci. New biology regarding atherosclerosis and CAD will be learned through the functional genomics of these loci, and the hope is that at least some of these new pathways relevant to CAD pathogenesis will yield new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of CAD.
Network on interconnect fabric (2018)

Silicon interconnect fabric (Si-IF) supports integration of bare dies using thermal compression bonding on a Si wafer substrate. Fine pitch (2 to 10 μm) horizontal and vertical inter-connects are feasible within the Si-IF using standard Si processing techniques. A network on interconnect fabric (NoIF) is proposed in this paper. The NoIF enables integration of ultra large scale heterogeneous systems within the technologically mature Si-IF platform. NoIF is based on utility dies which serve as intelligent nodes within the network. NoIF enables global communication, power conversion and management, synchronization, processing and memory capabilities, redundancy allocation, and test of the Si-IF, and the utility and functional dies.
BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN-A INHIBITS L-TYPE VOLTAGE-GATED CA2+ CURRENT IN RAT AND HUMAN DETRUSOR SMOOTH MUSCLES (2009)

Expression of Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels: TRP canonical (TRPC)1, TRP vanilloid (TRPV)3, TRPV4 and TRP melastatin (TRPM)8 in adult rat salivary gland has recently been reported. The authors investigated expression of these TRP channels in the submandibular gland during early developmental stage in which the cell constitution is different, and discussed the function of TRP in the submandibular gland in early development.Using rat submandibular gland at embryonic days (E)18 and E20 and postnatal days (PN)0 and PN5 and PN28, expression of TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPC1 and TRPM8 was investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.All TRP channels were expressed in cells constituting the submandibular gland in early developmental stage, but an increase in the expression level at PN5 on RT-PCR was significant compared with those at E18, PN0 and PN28 in TRPC1 and TRPV4 channels, whereas an increase was observed but not significant in the others. On immunohistochemical staining at PN5, whereas strong reactions of anti-TRPM8 antibody, anti-TRPV3 and anti-TRPV4 antibodies were observed in cells which proliferated from a terminal portion of cells arranged tubular structure which previously constituted mostly the submandibular gland.It was clarified that TRP channels are expressed in the rat submandibular gland in early developmental stage although cells constituting the submandibular gland are different from those in adult animals, suggesting that these TRP channels are involved in cell differentiation in at PN5 into the adult submandibular gland during early development.
Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producers, carbapenemase producers, polymyxin-resistant, and fosfomycin-resistant Enterobacterales among pigs from Egypt (2022)

These results raise serious public health concerns as Egyptian pig meat could serve as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), leading to worldwide dissemination.
Influence of nanoscale order–disorder transitions on the magnetic properties of Heusler compounds for spintronics (2017)

Modifications in nanoscale chemical order can tune the magnetic properties of Co<sub>2</sub>FeSi<sub>x</sub>Al<sub>1−x</sub>, indicating disorder as a potential engineering tool.
Probabilistic analysis of fault tolerance of FPGA switch block array (2004)

Summary form only given. We present a new approach for the evaluation of FPGA routing resources in the presence of faulty switches. Switch stuck-open faults (switch permanently off) as well as switch stuck-closed faults (switch permanently on) are addressed, which is directly related to fault tolerance of the interconnect for testing and reconfiguration at manufacturing and run-time application. Signal routing in the presence of faulty switches is analyzed at both switch block and array levels; probabilistic routing (mutability) is used as figure of merit for evaluating the programmable interconnect resources of FPGA architectures. Two approaches are proposed in this paper. The first approach is based on finding a permutation (one-to-one mapping) between the input and output endpoints. A probabilistic approach is also presented to evaluate fault tolerant routing for the entire FPGA by connecting switch blocks in chains as required for testing and to account for the I/O pin restrictions of an FPGA chip. The results are reported for various commercial and academic FPGA architectures.
Crystal structure of a novel Sm‐like protein of putative cyanophage origin at 2.60 Å resolution (2008)

ECX21941 represents a very large family (over 600 members) of novel, ocean metagenome-specific proteins identified by clustering of the dataset from the Global Ocean Sampling expedition. The crystal structure of ECX21941 reveals unexpected similarity to Sm/LSm proteins, which are important RNA-binding proteins, despite no detectable sequence similarity. The ECX21941 protein assembles as a homopentamer in solution and in the crystal structure when expressed in Escherichia coli and represents the first pentameric structure for this Sm/LSm family of proteins, although the actual oligomeric form in vivo is currently not known. The genomic neighborhood analysis of ECX21941 and its homologs combined with sequence similarity searches suggest a cyanophage origin for this protein. The specific functions of members of this family are unknown, but our structure analysis of ECX21941 indicates nucleic acid-binding capabilities and suggests a role in RNA and/or DNA processing.
The effect of spatial dispersion of recovery on propagation direction during atrial fibrillation (2002)

The authors hypothesized that propagation direction (PD) during atrial fibrillation (AF) is related consistently to gradient of 90% action potential duration (APD90). Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded at 250 sites from the endocardium of acetylcholine (ACh) perfused canine right atria during pacing. The APD90 field and its gradient were computed from MAP waveforms. Two-dimensional velocity vector fields were estimated from epicardial mapping data acquired during ACh mediated AF. Average PD vector fields were compared to vector fields of APD90 gradient. In 27 episodes of AF, the relationship between PD and APD90 gradient was no different from that of an equal number of uniformly random vectors. However, the curl of PD was higher at sites of large APD90 gradients. Methods were validated in 2-D simulations.
Piezo thermoelastic model for design optimization of resonant beams (2008)

In this study we present an analytical model to characterize the thermo elastic damping (TED) for beams in piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials for Q optimization. The model is based on the Euler Bernoulli equation and considers the constitutive equations for piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials. The analytical solution shows that due to the piezoelectric stiffening and the pyroelectric effect the Q-factor is penalized by 15%. The optimization of the Q-factor for piezoelectric beam based resonators is not only related to the beam dimensions, as for isotropic materials, but also to the electrode design.