gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined steam-dry reforming of toluene in syngas over CaNiRu/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts (2019)

Cracking, steam reforming, dry reforming, and combined steam and dry reforming of toluene in model syngas were performed using catalysts to simulate tar removal produced during biomass gasification. The catalysts were prepared by adding Ru, Ca, and Mn to Ni-based catalysts, and their properties were measured using BET, pulse CO chemisorption, XRD and TG. In steam and dry reforming of toluene, a high toluene conversion was observed with increasing Ca content in the catalyst and catalysts containing Ca showed a higher activity than those containing Mn. In combined steam-dry reforming with syngas, 1%CaNiRu/Al2O3 indicated a conversion of 93.9% at 800°C.
Estimating whole‐body intermuscular adipose tissue from single cross‐sectional magnetic resonance images (2006)

The aim of this study was to determine which slice location, or combination of slice locations, can provide the best estimates of whole‐body intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and the predictive value of these slice locations. Whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to quantify total adipose tissue (TAT) of which IMAT, defined as the AT visible by MRI within the boundary of the muscle fascia, is a sub‐component. Single slice IMAT areas were calculated for widest calf, mid‐thigh, widest buttock, shoulders, mid‐upper arm, and mid‐forearm locations in a sample of healthy adult African American, Asian and Caucasian women (n=103; BMI 25.9±5.5 kg/m 2 ; 42.2±15.2 years) and Caucasian men (n=41; BMI 26.8±3.9 kg/m 2 ; 46.6±15.6 years) and used to estimate total IMAT in the different groups with regression equations. Mid‐thigh was the best, or near best, single predictor in all groups. The contributions of other slice locations varied by sex and race. It may be more cost‐effective to estimate IMAT based on one or more slices than to acquire and segment numerous images necessary to quantify whole‐body IMAT. This study was supported by DK42618; NIH AG14715, RR00645, DK40414; and a contract from the NIA.
Physical Models of Tissue in Shear Fields11This article is dedicated to our friend and colleague, Robert C. Waag. (2014)

This review considers three general classes of physical as opposed to phenomenological models of the shear elasticity of tissues. The first is simple viscoelasticity. This model has a special role in elastography because it is the language in which experimental and clinical data are communicated. The second class of models involves acoustic relaxation, in which the medium contains inner time-dependent systems that are driven through the external bulk medium. Hysteresis, the phenomenon characterizing the third class of models, involves losses that are related to strain rather than time rate of change of strain. In contrast to the vast efforts given to tissue characterization through their bulk moduli over the last half-century, similar research using low-frequency shear data is in its infancy. Rather than a neat summary of existing facts, this essay is a framework for hypothesis generation-guessing what physical mechanisms give tissues their shear properties.
Catalytic Applications of Terpyridines and their Transition Metal Complexes (2011)

Abstract The coordination compounds of the tridentate oligopyridine ligand 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (tpy) are utilized in very different fields of research, such as materials science (e.g. photovoltaics), biomedicinal chemistry (e.g. DNA intercalation), and organometallic catalysis. Applications in the latter area have arisen from initial reports on electro‐ or photochemical processes and, today, a broad range of reactions—from artificial photosynthesis (water splitting) to biochemical and organic transformations as well as polymerization reactions—have been catalyzed by terpyridines and their transition metal complexes. In this review, the scope and the limitations of these applications, which emerged particularly in organic and macromolecular chemistry, will be evaluated.
Probing the Role of Aspartate‐378 in the Regulation of ADPGlucose Pyrophosphorylase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (2009)

ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPG PPase) catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in glucan synthesis. The R. sphaeroides ADPG PPase is activated by F6P, pyruvate, and FBP and inhibited by PEP and phosphate. The structure of the similar A. tumefaciens ADPG PPase (2008 Biochemistry 47 , 4439‐4451) indicates that a salt‐bridge connecting R33 and D378 is involved in formation of an allosteric site. Mutations of R33 resulted in desensitization to effectors. The D378A,N, and E enzymes were generated and characterized to probe the role of size, shape and charge. Without effectors, all of the enzymes had a lower apparent affinity for ATP while the D378A and D378E enzymes exhibited a ten fold lower and two‐fold higher V max compared to wild‐type, respectively. In contrast to wild‐type and D378N, E enzymes, the D378A did not exhibit K‐type activation. All of the altered enzymes exhibited both lower fold activation by F6P, FBP, and pyruvate and a higher apparent affinity for activators, consistent with a change in the allosteric site resulting in an altered enzyme form which allows for tighter ligand binding to the exposed R33. I n silico ligand docking studies are in progress. Supported in part by NSF Grant 0448676.
Nitric oxide reduction by alumina-supported rhodium, palladium, and platinum. 1. Intrinsic activities and selectivities (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitric oxide reduction by alumina-supported rhodium, palladium, and platinum. 1. Intrinsic activities and selectivitiesHarvey G. Stenger, Jr. and Jeffrey S. HepburnCite this: Energy Fuels 1987, 1, 5, 412–416Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00005a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00005a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Separation and structural analysis by <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR of the telomers of methyl methacrylate with thiophenol (1988)

Abstract The stereoselectivity of the addition step and the transfer step of the radical telomerization of methyl methacrylate with thiophenol has been studied by determining the structure and the amount of each isomer by 1 H‐NMR. We found, in this case, that the addition step gave preferentially a diad r and that the transfer step gave preferentially a diad m. On the other hand, the tacticity observed for higher telomers is preferentially syndiotactic, similar to that of the poly(methyl methacrylate) prepared by radical initiation. The propagation process for radical telomerization obeys, as for the radical polymerization, Bernoulli's statistics.
2p24 Gain Region Harboring MYCN Gene Compared with MYCN Amplified and Nonamplified (2010)

(P < 0.001), and an intermediate 5-year overall survival rate difference existed between the MYCN amplified tumors (P 0.025) and nonamplified (P 0.003) groups. All of the 2p gain samples were associated with segmental and/or numerical alterations in the other tested regions. The presence of segmental alterations with or without MYCN amplification was recently found to be the strongest predictor of relapse in a multivariate analysis. The results of the present study suggest that the determination of MYCN gene copy number relative to chromosome 2, when evaluating MYCN status at diagnosis, may help to reveal the underlying genetic pattern of these tumors and better understand their clinical behavior. (Am J Pathol 2010, 176:2616–2625; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090624)
DNA Origami: The Art of Folding DNA (2011)

The advent of DNA origami technology greatly simplified the design and construction of nanometer-sized DNA objects. The self-assembly of a DNA-origami structure is a straightforward process in which a long single-stranded scaffold (often from the phage M13mp18) is folded into basically any desired shape with the help of a multitude of short helper strands. This approach enables the ready generation of objects with an addressable surface area of a few thousand nm(2) and with a single "pixel" resolution of about 6 nm. The process is rapid, puts low demands on experimental conditions, and delivers target products in high yields. These features make DNA origami the method of choice in structural DNA nanotechnology when two- and three-dimensional objects are desired. This Minireview summarizes recent advances in the design of DNA origami nanostructures, which open the door to numerous exciting applications.
Heightened Microbial Translocation Is a Prognostic Biomarker of Recurrent Tuberculosis (2022)

Recurrence following microbiological cure in PTB is characterized by heightened baseline microbial translocation. These markers can be used as a rapid prognostic tool for predicting recurrence in PTB.
Growth of Giant Rodlike Micelles of Ionic Surfactant in the Presence of Al<sup>3+</sup> Counterions (1998)

To interpret quantitatively experimental data for the growth of rodlike anionic surfactant micelles in the presence of Al3+ ions, we undertook experimental and theoretical investigations. We determined the micelle size, shape, and interactions by light scattering and examined the binding of Al3+ ions to the micelles by ultrafiltration. Independent static and dynamic light scattering measurements indicated that the effect of the micelle−micelle interactions in these solutions can be neglected. The major factor promoting the micelle growth turns out to be the binding of Al3+ ions to the micelle surfaces, which considerably affects the standard chemical potential of the aggregated surfactant molecules and can alter the micellization constant by orders of magnitude. The latter effect was described theoretically. The model of micelle growth, extended in this way, compared well with the experimental data. The model provides a quantitative description of the micelle size and charge as functions of the surfactant and electrolyte concentrations. It turns out that the rodlike micelles have a lower surface charge than the spherical ones, and this makes their growth energetically favorable. A practical application may follow from the markedly greater solubilization efficiency of the studied rodlike micelles compared to the spherical ones.
Youth as a Prognostic Factor in Carcinoma of the Cervix (1992)

RUTLEDGE, FELIX N.; MITCHELL, MICHELE FOLLEN; MUNSELL, MARK; BASS, SYLVIA; MCGUFFEE, VIRGIE; ATKINSON, E. NEELY Author Information
Improvement in Luminescent Characteristics by Al Codoping in Ba2SiS4:Ce Blue Phosphor for White LEDs (2008)

Ba2SiS4:Ce has been proposed as a novel blue phosphor for white LED application. It has been found that photoluminescent characteristics are improved by Al-codoping, which realizes a high doping of Ce3+ luminescent centers. The relative PL luminance of 145% has been achieved compared to the commercial BAM under 405-nm-excitation. The internal quantum efficiency is about 36 %. The PL intensity at 150°C maintains about 80% of that at room temperature. It has been also confirmed that Ba2SiS4:Ce is chemically stable enough for applying to white LEDs.
Subclinical kidney injury before and 1 year after bariatric surgery among adolescents with severe obesity (2015)

Adolescent severe obesity is associated with increased urinary excretion of novel biomarkers of kidney injury, despite no microalbuminuria or decreased kidney function. This subclinical kidney injury persists 1 year after significant weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, suggesting that close, long-term follow-up of kidney status is warranted in these adolescents.
Publisher Correction: Integrating chemical and mechanical signals through dynamic coupling between cellular protrusions and pulsed ERK activation (2019)

In the original version of this Article, the label “RTK” in Figure 6a was inadvertently changed to “RTE”. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Early sexual experiences among pregnant and parenting adolescents. (1999)

One hundred sixty-six pregnant or parenting adolescent females completed a survey regarding early sexual experiences (wanted and unwanted), family dysfunction and violence, and health-risky behaviors occurring prior to age 18. Fifty-three percent had at least one unwanted sexual experience. Younger age at first unwanted sexual experience was associated with younger age at first wanted sexual experience. Adolescent females with an unwanted sexual experience, as compared to those without, were more likely to be victims of physical violence, to have run away, to be substance abusers, and to have family members with drug or alcohol problems. Four factors explained 39% of the variance in age at first pregnancy: presence of a family member with a drinking problem, age first got hit with a belt or other object by a family member, age first got drunk, and age at first wanted sexual experience. It was concluded that the prevention of teenage pregnancy entails a multifaceted approach that addresses family life, early sexual experiences, and health-risky behaviors.
Dramatic Effects of Ionic Liquids on the Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of Enynols with Thiols (2007)

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions of enynols with thiols in ionic liquids afford monocarbonylated 6-membered-ring lactones in high yields and good selectivity. These results are significantly different from those obtained when conducting the reaction in THF. The recyclability of the catalytic system was also investigated.
Ectopic Germinal Center–Like Structures in Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy Tissue Predict Lymphoma Occurrence in Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (2018)

The presence of ectopic GC-like structures in MSG biopsy tissue is associated with the risk of lymphoma in patients with primary SS. These data reinforce the major role of MSG biopsy tissue in primary SS, for the identification a priori of a subgroup of patients with the highest risk of lymphoma.
Diastereo- and Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylation of Cyclic Ketone Enolates: Synergetic Effect of Ligands and Barium Enolates (2014)

We report asymmetric allylic alkylation of barium enolates of cyclic ketones catalyzed by a metallacyclic iridium complex containing a phosphoramidite ligand derived from (R)-1-(2-naphthyl)ethylamine. The reaction products contain adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereocenters. This process demonstrates that unstabilized cyclic ketone enolates can undergo diastereo- and enantioselective Ir-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions with the proper choice of enolate countercation. The products of these reactions can be conveniently transformed to various useful polycarbocyclic structures.
Prospects for Directing Temporal and Spatial Gene Expression in Transgenic Animals (2022)

Molecular mechanisms of development and disease can be studied in transgenic animals. Controlling the spatial and temporal expression patterns of transgenes, however, is a prerequisite for the elucidation of gene function in the whole organism. From the several binary systems which have been established to permit conditional activation of transgenes, the tetracycline responsive expression system has been the most successful one in animals. Transgenic mice carrying a tetR/VP16 hybrid gene (tTA) under different promoters have been used to temporally activate several-thousand fold the expression of genes under the control of a promoter containing tetop sequences. The importance of tetracycline regulatable systems goes beyond their ability to direct temporal gene expression in the context of the whole animal. In combination with Cre/lox recombination tools it will facilitate the deletion of genes from the genome in specific cells and at specific timepoints. This approach is required to test the function of genes whose presence is critical for embryonic development.
Soil-solution speciation of CD as affected by soil characteristics in unpolluted and polluted soils (2005)

Total metal content by itself is insufficient as a measure to indicate actual environmental risk. Understanding the mobility of heavy metals in the soil and their speciation in the soil solution is of great importance for accurately assessing environmental risks posed by these metals. In a first explorative study, the effects of general soil characteristics on Cd mobility were evaluated and expressed in the form of empirical formulations. The most important factors influencing mobility of Cd proved to be pH and total soil content. This may indicate that current legislation expressing the requirement for soil sanitation in Flanders (Belgium) as a function of total soil content, organic matter, and clay does not successfully reflect actual risks. Current legal frameworks focusing on total content, therefore, should be amended with criteria that are indicative of metal mobility and availability and are based on physicochemical soil properties. In addition, soil-solution speciation was performed using two independent software packages (Visual Minteq 2.23 and Windermere Humic Aqueous model VI [WHAM VI]). Both programs largely were in agreement in concern to Cd speciation in all 29 soils under study. Depending on soil type, free ion and the organically complexed forms were the most abundant species. Additional inorganic soluble species were sulfates and chlorides. Minor species in solution were in the form of nitrates, hydroxides, and carbonates, the relative importance of which was deemed insignificant in comparison to the four major species.
Strong Expansion of Human Regulatory T Cells for Adoptive Cell Therapy Results in Epigenetic Changes Which May Impact Their Survival and Function (2021)

Adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Treg) is a promising new therapeutic option to treat detrimental inflammatory conditions after transplantation and during autoimmune disease. To reach sufficient cell yield for treatment, <i>ex vivo</i> isolated autologous or allogenic Tregs need to be expanded extensively <i>in vitro</i> during manufacturing of the Treg product. However, repetitive cycles of restimulation and prolonged culture have been shown to impact T cell phenotypes, functionality and fitness. It is therefore critical to scrutinize the molecular changes which occur during T cell product generation, and reexamine current manufacturing practices. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of cells throughout the manufacturing process of a polyclonal Treg product that has proven safety and hints of therapeutic efficacy in kidney transplant patients. We found progressive DNA methylation changes over the duration of culture, which were donor-independent and reproducible between manufacturing runs. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the final products were significantly enriched at promoters and enhancers of genes implicated in T cell activation. Additionally, significant hypomethylation did also occur in promoters of genes implicated in functional exhaustion in conventional T cells, some of which, however, have been reported to strengthen immunosuppressive effector function in Tregs. At the same time, a set of reported Treg-specific demethylated regions increased methylation levels with culture, indicating a possible destabilization of Treg identity during manufacturing, which was independent of the purity of the starting material. Together, our results indicate that the repetitive TCR-mediated stimulation lead to epigenetic changes that might impact functionality of Treg products in multiple ways, by possibly shifting to an effector Treg phenotype with enhanced functional activity or by risking destabilization of Treg identity and impaired TCR activation. Our analyses also illustrate the value of epigenetic profiling for the evaluation of T cell product manufacturing pipelines, which might open new avenues for the improvement of current adoptive Treg therapies with relevance for conventional effector T cell products.
Fluoride Ion and Phosphines as Nucleophilic Catalysts: Synthesis of 1,4-Benzothiazepines from Cyclic Sulfenamides (2009)

A new methodology, using fluoride ion as a nucleophilic catalyst, was applied for the synthesis of enantiopure 1,4-benzothiazepine from cyclic sulfenamide and electron-deficient acetylene, with high efficiency and atom economy.
Light-driven hydroiodic acid splitting from semiconductive fuel generator (2023)

This disclosure relates to photovoltaic and photoelectrosynthetic cells, devices, methods of making and using the same.
Characterization of NO and Cytokine Production in Immune-Activated Microglia and Peritoneal Macrophages Derived from a Mouse Model Expressing the Human NOS2 Gene on a Mouse NOS2 Knockout Background (2006)

Significant differences exist in the production and release of nitric oxide (NO) from human macrophages versus macrophages of mouse origin. Human macrophages have been shown to respond poorly to stimuli that provoke strong inflammatory reactions from mouse macrophages. To address the differences in macrophage function in an animal model, a transgenic mouse was created that contained the entire human NOS2 gene, including the human promoter and all of its exons and introns. The huNOS2 transgenic mouse was then mated to mice lacking a functional NOS2 gene (muNOS2(/) or NOS2 knockout mice) to generate a double transgenic mouse (huNOS2(+/0)/muNOS2(/)) that expresses a functional human NOS2 gene in place of the mouse NOS2 gene. These double transgenic mice were found to express only human NOS2 mRNA and human iNOS proteins in response to immune stimulation. The production and release of nitric oxide from isolated macrophages from the doubly transgenic mouse also more closely paralleled human responses rather than mouse. Peritoneal macrophages from double transgenic mice generated nanomolar levels of nitrite in response to inflammatory stimuli, while peritoneal macrophages from wild-type mice generated micromolar levels of nitrite in response to the same inflammatory stimuli. Similarly, microglia from the huNOS2(+/0)/muNOS2(/) mice accumulated nanomolar levels of nitrite following inflammatory stimulation. Reduced nitrite release persisted in spite of normal responsiveness to inflammatory stimulation as measured by tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 production and release. These data suggest that the human-specific release of nanomolar levels of nitrite may largely result from differences between the human and mouse NOS2 genes, which may program different degrees of nitric oxide responses to inflammatory signals in humans than in mice.