gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Fast Dynamic Optimization: An Indirect Algorithm That Uses Parsimonious Input Parameterization (2018)

Dynamic optimization plays an important role toward improving the operation of chemical systems, such as batch and semibatch processes. The preferred strategy to solve constrained nonlinear dynamic optimization problems is to use a so-called direct approach. Nevertheless, based on the problem at hand and the solution algorithm used, direct approaches may lead to large computational times. Indirect approaches based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) represent an efficient alternative for the optimization of batch and semibatch processes. This paper details the combination of an indirect solution scheme together with a parsimonious input parametrization. The idea is to parametrize the sensitivity-seeking inputs in a parsimonious way so as to decrease the computational load of constrained nonlinear dynamic optimization problems. In addition, this article discusses structural differences between direct and indirect approaches. The proposed method is tested on both a batch binary distillation column with terminal purity constraints and a two-phase semibatch hydroformylation reactor with a complex path constraint. The performance of the proposed indirect parsimonious solution scheme is compared with those of a fully parametrized PMP-based method and a direct simultaneous method. It is observed that the combination of the indirect approach with parsimonious input parametrization can lead to significant reduction in computational time.
Comparison of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Behaviors on Poly(caprolactone) with or without Surface Modification: Studies on Cell Adhesion, Survival and Proliferation (2009)

Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) is a promising biodegradable polymer for tissue engineering. However, intrinsically poor cell-adhesive properties of PCL may limit its application. In this study, the PCL film surface was modified with RGDC peptide by a chemical immobilization procedure. Furthermore, bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) behaviors including attachment, spreading, focal adhesion formation, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, apoptosis and proliferation when cultured on the modified PCL films were investigated. Our results demonstrated that PCL with RGD modification promoted initial BMSC attachment, spreading and focal adhesion formation. At a later time point (12 h), BMSC attachment on both RGD peptide-modified PCL and PCL-NH(2) films significantly increased compared to untreated PCL films. Importantly, FAK phosphorylation was significantly increased only on the films with RGD-modified films, not on the PCL-NH(2) films, demonstrating that PCL with RGD modification had an advantage in initiating the specific integrin-mediated signal transduction and might play an important role in the subsequent retardation in cell death and enhancement in cell proliferation. The present results provide more evidence that functionalizing PCL with RGD peptides may be a feasible way to improve the interaction between BMSC and PCL substrate, which is important in tissue engineering.
Fun with maths: exploring implications of mathematical models for malaria eradication (2014)

Mathematical analyses and modelling have an important role informing malaria eradication strategies. Simple mathematical approaches can answer many questions, but it is important to investigate their assumptions and to test whether simple assumptions affect the results. In this note, four examples demonstrate both the effects of model structures and assumptions and also the benefits of using a diversity of model approaches. These examples include the time to eradication, the impact of vaccine efficacy and coverage, drug programs and the effects of duration of infections and delays to treatment, and the influence of seasonality and migration coupling on disease fadeout. An excessively simple structure can miss key results, but simple mathematical approaches can still achieve key results for eradication strategy and define areas for investigation by more complex models.
NMR spectra of porphyrins. Part 31. Ring currents in hydroporphyrins (1987)

The dipole-dipole network model of the porphyrin macrocyclic ring current is used to investigate the ring currents in reduced (hydro)porphyrins derived from phylloerythrin methyl ester. Reduction of ring D to afford the corresponding chlorin results in a decrease of the inner loop and pyrrole subunit ring currents by about 10%. Further reduction of another pyrrole ring gives very different results depending upon the pyrrole ring reduced. In bacteriochlorophyll a, in which the opposite pyrrole subunits (B and D) are reduced, there is a further 10% reduction in the pyrrole ring current and a 20% reduction of the inner loop ring current. In the isobacteriochlorin system (rings A and D reduced) there is a much larger decrease in the inner loop ring current, to about 45% of the chlorin value. In the pyrrocorphin (hexahydroporphyrin) system (rings A, B, and D reduced) there is a further 10% decrease in the pyrrole ring current and the inner loop ring current is only 25% of the chlorin value. These results are discussed in terms of steric effects in the macrocycle. The ring current models thus obtained are used to investigate structural and conformational differences in the various isobacteriochlorin isomers. © 1987, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Mantle zone lymphoma with central nervous system involvement (1986)

A 68-year-old man with a 7-year history of lymphocytosis and lymphadenopathy is described. Accelerated disease, indicated by bilateral optic nerve and cerebrospinal fluid involvement, prompted thorough histologic and immunologic assessment. Although initially believed to have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), results showed mantle zone lymphoma (MZL) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The authors believe that this represents the first case of MZL with CNS involvement.
In Situ Inspection of Fasteners for Detecting Small Cracks (2000)

The significantly increased plasma homocysteine levels in long-haul bus drivers did not appear to be secondary to other biochemical or behavioural problems in this group. These results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia may be involved in the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases observed in shift workers.
Advanced diffusion imaging for assessing normal white matter development in neonates and characterizing aberrant development in congenital heart disease (2018)

In this study, all three methods revealed the expected changes in the WM regions during the early postnatal weeks; however, GMM outperformed DTI and NODDI as it showed significantly larger effect sizes while detecting differences between the TDC and CHD neonates. Future studies based on a larger sample are needed to confirm these results and to explore clinical correlates.
The Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Variant rs2735839 Near <i>KLK3</i> Gene Is Associated with Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Can Stratify Gleason Score 7 Patients (2014)

We confirmed the association of the rs2735839 with high-aggressive prostate cancer (GS ≥8). Moreover, we reported for the first time that rs2735839 can stratify GS 7 patients, which would be clinically important for more accurately assessing the clinical behavior of the intermediate-grade prostate cancer and for tailoring personalized treatment and posttreatment management.
Human-robot interaction tests on a novel robot for gait assistance (2013)

This paper presents tests on a treadmill-based non-anthropomorphic wearable robot assisting hip and knee flexion/extension movements using compliant actuation. Validation experiments were performed on the actuators and on the robot, with specific focus on the evaluation of intrinsic backdrivability and of assistance capability. Tests on a young healthy subject were conducted. In the case of robot completely unpowered, maximum backdriving torques were found to be in the order of 10 Nm due to the robot design features (reduced swinging masses; low intrinsic mechanical impedance and high-efficiency reduction gears for the actuators). Assistance tests demonstrated that the robot can deliver torques attracting the subject towards a predicted kinematic status.
First demonstration of multi-color 3-D in vivo imaging using ultra-compact Compton camera (2017)

In the field of nuclear medicine, single photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography are the two most common techniques in molecular imaging, but the available radioactive tracers have been limited either by energy range or difficulties in production and delivery. Thus, the use of a Compton camera, which features gamma-ray imaging of arbitrary energies from a few hundred keV to more than MeV, is eagerly awaited along with potential new tracers which have never been used in current modalities. In this paper, we developed an ultra-compact Compton camera that weighs only 580 g. The camera consists of fine-pixelized Ce-doped Gd<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Ga<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> scintillators coupled with multi-pixel photon counter arrays. We first investigated the 3-D imaging capability of our camera system for a diffuse source of a planar geometry, and then conducted small animal imaging as pre-clinical evaluation. For the first time, we successfully carried out the 3-D color imaging of a live mouse in just 2 h. By using tri-color gamma-ray fusion images, we confirmed that <sup>131</sup>I, <sup>85</sup>Sr, and <sup>65</sup>Zn can be new tracers that concentrate in each target organ.
Packaged BiCMOS embedded RF-MEMS switches with integrated inductive loads (2012)

This paper presents packaged BiCMOS embedded RF-MEMS switches with integrated inductive loads for frequency tuning at mm-wave frequencies. The developed technique provides easy optimization to maximize the RF performance at the desired frequency without having an effect on the switch mechanics. Insertion loss less than 0.25 dB and isolation better than 20 dB are achieved from 30 to 100 GHz. A glass cap with a silicon frame is used to package the switch. Single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switches and a 24 – 77 GHz reconfigurable LNA is also demonstrated as a first time implementation of single chip BiCMOS reconfigurable circuit at such high frequencies.
Influence of substrate stress on in-plane and out-of-plane ferroelectric properties of PZT films (2022)

Solution-deposited ferroelectric films often are under mechanical stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between films and substrate materials. Knowledge of how stress changes the ferroelectric response under different actuation conditions is essential when selecting a substrate for film deposition. Here, a comparative study of the ferroelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate thin films on transparent fused silica glass and sapphire substrates is presented. Sapphire exerts a compressive in-plane stress on the film, favoring an out-of-plane domain orientation, while fused silica causes tensile in-plane stress and a predominantly in-plane domain configuration. As expected, the out-of-plane polarization is high under in-plane compressive stress but reduced by a factor of nearly 4 by in-plane tensile stress. In contrast, the in-plane polarization shows an unexpectedly weak stress dependence. It is larger by only about 10% under tensile stress compared to compressive stress. Permittivity increases when the major domain orientation does not coincide with the electric field. The observations are explained based on a model taking into account the crystallographic structure of the film.
Supplementary Methods from &lt;i&gt;MDR1&lt;/i&gt; Synonymous Polymorphisms Alter Transporter Specificity and Protein Stability in a Stable Epithelial Monolayer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 92K&lt;/p&gt;
M-PSK and M-QAM BER computation using signal-space concepts (1999)

In this paper, we introduce a simple geometric approach that is based on signal-space concepts to efficiently evaluate the performance of M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) schemes over an additive white Gaussian noise channel. In particular, new bit error rate approximations are derived and shown to be in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results.
Randomized, open label, phase III trial of figitumumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin versus paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2010)

7500 Background: The Insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF-IR) plays an important role in normal cellular growth and development and is implicated in the regulation of tumor growth. A phase III study was conducted to test the efficacy of the combination of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and figitumumab (CP-751871), a monoclonal antibody targeting the IGF-IR, as first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. Methods: Eight hundred twenty pts were to be randomized 1:1 to receive paclitaxel (200 mg/m2), carboplatin (AUC = 6), and figitumumab (20 mg/Kg) (PCF) or paclitaxel and carboplatin alone (PC) q3weeks for up to 6 cycles. The primary study endpoint was overall survival (90% power, one sided 0.025 alpha, hazard ratio [HR] 0.77). Results: Accrual has been permanently suspended at 681 pts (median age 62 years, 77% male, 86% squamous cell carcinoma, 88% stage IV, 42% current smokers) enrolled based on a planned interim analysis at 225 events with a HR that crossed the prespecified futility boundary of 1.1 favoring PC. Serious adverse events in the PCF arm included dehydration, hyperglycemia, and hemoptysis. The potential relationship with early death (within 42 days of randomization) of a series of clinical and laboratory parameters was investigated. Low pre-treatment body mass index (p = 0.003) and creatinine clearance (p = 0.1) were predictive of early death for patients receiving figitumumab. Furthermore, PFC/PC survival HR estimates favored PC in pts with low baseline IGF-1 (minimum p = 0.006 for IGF1 < 120 ng/mL; HR 1.6) and PCF in those with high baseline IGF-1 (minimum p = 0.13 for IGF1 > 145 ng/mL; HR = 0.62). Conclusions: Potential subsets of pts with differential safety and efficacy profiles on figitumumab treatment were identified. Additional analyses will be submitted as a late breaking abstract. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer Pfizer Pfizer
A Novel Alaska Pollock Gelatin Sealant Shows Higher Bonding Strength and Nerve Regeneration Comparable to That of Fibrin Sealant in a Cadaveric Model and a Rat Model (2021)

The ApGltn sealant showed higher bonding strength and equal effect of nerve regeneration when compared with the fibrin sealant.
Investigation on an Orientation and Interaction Energy of the Water Molecule in the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Active Site by Quantum Chemical Calculations (2003)

To obtain basic information such as interaction between the water molecule and amino acids in the active site of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (HIV-1 RT), ab initio molecular orbital calculations and the two-layer ONIOM method were performed. The energetic results from different methods show that the ONIOM2 (MP2/6-311G:HF/6-31G//HF/6-31G:HF/3-21G) can provide reliable results on the orientation of the water molecule in the HIV-1 RT active site. The interaction between the water molecule and Asp186 was found to be the most preferable. The obtained results from ONIOM2 calculations indicated that the active site model system included six amino acid residues (Asp186, Asp185, Met184, Tyr183, Leu187, and Tyr188) leading a preferable representation of the environment surrounding the water molecule in the more realistic model. The water molecule presented in the active site tends to form H-bonding with Asp186, Tyr183, and Tyr188 as indicated by the distances of O4-H2 = 1.91 A, O3-H7 = 2.36 A, and O3-H17 = 1.73 A, respectively. The stability of this complex system brings to the foundation of the estimated binding energy approximately -15.8 kcal/mol or -8.1 kcal/mol which is more stabilized relative to the smallest model complex. These observations revealed that the water molecule forms both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor in the cavity and plays an important role in the specific conformation of the active site of HIV-1 RT. The H-bonding is a rather strong interaction; thus, the water might induce the conformation of the active site to fit the catalysis process and helpfully attract dNTP to elongate the viral DNA in the replication process of this enzyme.
New Hope in Brain Glioma Surgery: The Role of Intraoperative Ultrasound. A Review (2018)

Maximal safe resection represents the gold standard for surgery of malignant brain tumors. As regards gross-total resection, accurate localization and precise delineation of the tumor margins are required. Intraoperative diagnostic imaging (Intra-Operative Magnetic Resonance-IOMR, Intra-Operative Computed Tomography-IOCT, Intra-Operative Ultrasound-IOUS) and dyes (fluorescence) have become relevant in brain tumor surgery, allowing for a more radical and safer tumor resection. IOUS guidance for brain tumor surgery is accurate in distinguishing tumor from normal parenchyma, and it allows a real-time intraoperative visualization. We aim to evaluate the role of IOUS in gliomas surgery and to outline specific strategies to maximize its efficacy. We performed a literature research through the Pubmed database by selecting each article which was focused on the use of IOUS in brain tumor surgery, and in particular in glioma surgery, published in the last 15 years (from 2003 to 2018). We selected 39 papers concerning the use of IOUS in brain tumor surgery, including gliomas. IOUS exerts a notable attraction due to its low cost, minimal interruption of the operational flow, and lack of radiation exposure. Our literature review shows that increasing the use of ultrasound in brain tumors allows more radical resections, thus giving rise to increases in survival.
Progress Towards an Automatic, Microfabricated Polymer Air-Fluid Sampling Inlet (1997)

Abstract : The primary objective of this study is to develop a miniature autonomous aerosol-to-fluid sampling inlet as the input to a chemical or biological agent detection system. The principal challenge is creation of a pump capable of generating the required flow of air into a liquid phase (>0.1 cu cm/min), given the constraints of size ( 10 cu cm min). Our actuator analysis showed that shape memory alloys have similar contractile characteristics to conducting polymers except for a lower electromechanical efficiency.
EAPB0203, EAPB0503 and imiquimod bind tubulin on the colchicine binding site. (2017)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;(A)&lt;/b&gt; Interaction modes of EAPB0203, EAPB0503 and imiquimod on the colchicine site as predicted by AutoDock Vina. Molecules interact with two hydrophobic pockets (blue and orange). (&lt;b&gt;B)&lt;/b&gt; Competition of EAPB0203, EAPB0503, imiquimod, nocodazole (positive control) and vinorelbine (negative control) with colchicine for tubulin binding. Fluorescence of the colchicine-tubulin complex was measured after excitation at 365 nm. F/F0: relative fluorescence intensity, F0: fluorescence intensity of the colchicine-tubulin complex alone.&lt;/p&gt;
Stimulus-Dependent Modulation of Spike Burst Length in Cat Striate Cortical Cells (1997)

Burst activity, defined by groups of two or more spikes with intervals of < or = 8 ms, was analyzed in responses to drifting sinewave gratings elicited from striate cortical neurons in anesthetized cats. Bursting varied broadly across a population of 507 simple and complex cells. Half of this population had > or = 42% of their spikes contained in bursts. The fraction of spikes in bursts did not vary as a function of average firing rate and was stationary over time. Peaks in the interspike interval histograms were found at both 3-5 ms and 10-30 ms. In many cells the locations of these peaks were independent of firing rate, indicating a quantized control of firing behavior at two different time scales. The activity at the shorter time scale most likely results from intrinsic properties of the cell membrane, and that at the longer scale from recurrent network excitation. Burst frequency (bursts per s) and burst length (spikes per burst) both depended on firing rate. Burst frequency was essentially linear with firing rate, whereas burst length was a nonlinear function of firing rate and was also governed by stimulus orientation. At a given firing rate, burst length was greater for optimal orientations than for nonoptimal orientations. No organized orientation dependence was seen in bursts from lateral geniculate nucleus cells. Activation of cortical contrast gain control at low response amplitudes resulted in no burst length modulation, but burst shortening at optimal orientations was found in responses characterized by supersaturation. At a given firing rate, cortical burst length was shortened by microinjection of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and bursts became longer in the presence of N-methyl-bicuculline, a GABA(A) receptor blocker. These results are consistent with a model in which responses are reduced at nonoptimal orientations, at least in part, by burst shortening that is mediated by GABA. A similar mechanism contributes to response supersaturation at high contrasts via recruitment of inhibitory responses that are tuned to adjacent orientations. Burst length modulation can serve as a form of coding by supporting dynamic, stimulus-dependent reorganization of the effectiveness of individual network connections.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Emotional Stroop Task: Examining the Paradox of Measurement Change (2002)

The Emotional Stroop (ES) task (I. H. Gotlib & C. D. McCann, 1984) has been proposed as an experimental measure to assess the processing of emotion or the bias in attention of emotion-laden information. However, study results have not been consistent. To further examine its reliability for empirical research, the authors of this study administered the ES task to 33 participants on 2 separate occasions separated by 1 week. Results indicated that retest reliabilities for reaction times (RTs) derived from the 3 separate emotion conditions (manic, neutral, and depressive) across the 1 week interval were very high. However, consistent with previous research, the reliabilities were very low for the interference indices (manic and depressive). These low reliabilities reflect the very high intercorrelation between the RTs derived from the 3 conditions. The authors concluded that a better indicator of the reliability for this task is the individual RTs from each emotion condition.
Lansoprazole heals erosive reflux esophagitis resistant to histamine H2-receptor antagonist therapy. (1997)

Eight weeks of lansoprazole therapy is safe, superior to continued ranitidine therapy, and effective in healing more than 80% of patients with erosive reflux esophagitis previously resistant to histamine H2-receptor antagonist therapy.
Direct sequencing of Scedosporium apiospermum DNA in the diagnosis of a case of keratitis (2005)

The present report describes the diagnostic strategy followed in a case of keratomycosis. Together with conventional methods, a molecular strategy that involved the direct sequencing of an amplified portion of the genome encompassing the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions and sequence analysis was used. The data highlight the diagnostic role of molecular techniques, in parallel with conventional methods, in the management of ocular infections of fungal aetiology.
¿Los ecuatorianos con asma tienen preferencias en el uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación? Estudio piloto (2017)

Information and communication technologies improve the care of asthmatic patients. In our pilot study email and text messages are the most preferred ICT among patients however WhatsApp and Facebook may be appropriate for certain ages especially young asthmatic. Knowledge of preferences can help the development of ICT in a personalized way and improve the outcomes in patients with asthma.