gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disintegration of Hexagonal NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>,Er<sup>3+</sup> Upconverting Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media: The Role of Fluoride in Solubility Equilibrium (2016)

The disintegration of hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) was studied by incubating various nanoparticle concentrations in aqueous suspensions over time while monitoring the upconversion emission intensity and measuring the dissolved particle-constituting ion concentrations. The results revealed that the ions dissolved into water resulting apparently in anisotropic structural disintegration of the UCNPs as observed with transmission electron microscopy. The UCNP disintegration caused partial loss of active ions Yb3+ and Er3+ from the host matrix and therefore decrease in the upconversion luminescence intensity. The decrease, however, was strongly dependent on the UCNP concentration, and dramatic drop in the intensity was observed especially at diluted nanoparticle suspensions, where the nanoparticles disintegrated almost completely until the solubility equilibrium was achieved. At the concentrated suspensions the equilibrium was achieved already with minimal disintegration, and the change in the luminescence intensity was negligible. Further, due to the high impact of fluoride ions on the solubility equilibrium the disintegration of the UCNPs could be prevented by adding fluoride to the suspension. The reported disintegration of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles in diluted aqueous suspensions should be taken into consideration when the UCNPs are used at low concentrations in analytical applications and in guiding the design of improved shell-stabilized UCNPs.
Production Efficiency of Ultracold Feshbach Molecules in Bosonic and Fermionic Systems (2008)

We investigate the production efficiency of ultracold molecules in bosonic 85 Rb and fermionic 40 K when the magnetic field is swept across a Feshbach resonance.For adiabatic sweeps of the magnetic field, the conversion efficiency of each species is solely determined by the phase space density of the atomic cloud, in contrast to a number of theoretical predictions.Our novel model for the adiabatic pairing process, developed from general physical principles, accurately predicts the conversion efficiency for both ultracold gases of bosons and of fermions.In the non-adiabatic regime our measurements of the 85 Rb molecule conversion efficiency follow a Landau Zener model, with a conversion efficiency that is characterized by the density divided by the time derivative of the magnetic field.
Cobalt Single‐Atom Catalysts with High Stability for Selective Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid (2020)

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived Co-N-C catalysts with isolated single cobalt atoms have been synthesized and compared with cobalt nanoparticles for formic acid dehydrogenation. The atomically dispersed Co-N-C catalyst achieves superior activity, better acid resistance, and improved long-term stability compared with nanoparticles synthesized by a similar route. High-angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption fine structure characterizations reveal the formation of Co<sup>II</sup> N<sub>x</sub> centers as active sites. The optimal low-cost catalyst is a promising candidate for liquid H<sub>2</sub> generation.
Aspects complémentaires entre la spectroscopie d'absorption X et la diffraction anomale dans le cas d'entités de taille nanométrique supportés sur un oxyde léger : agrégats métalliques et oxyde de type spinelle (1998)

La complementarite entre deux techniques specifiques au rayonnement synchrotron, la spectroscopie d'absorption X et la diffraction anomale est illustree a travers l'etude d'entites de taille nanometrique deposees sur un oxyde leger. En premier lieu, une caracterisation d'agregats metalliques Pt-Co deposes sur une zeolite montre tous les avantages d'une telle approche. Citons parmi eux, la determination de la taille de la particule grâce a la connaissance du nombre de premier voisin metallique et de la nature du reseau cristallographique de la particule. Pour les oxydes divises, cette demarche permet une mesure precise de l'etat electronique du zinc, du taux d'occupation des sites tetraedriques ainsi que de la taille du cristallite de l'oxyde etudie.
Vulnerability analysis of certificate graphs (2006)

A certificate system can be represented by a directed graph, called a certificate graph, where each node represents a user that has a public key and a private key and each edge (u, v) represents a certificate that is signed by the private key of u and contains the public key of v. Two types of damage can be done in a certificate graph when the private key of a node u in the graph is revealed to an adversary: explicit and implicit. The explicit damage is that the adversary can impersonate node u to other nodes in the graph (until it is known to other nodes that the private key of u is revealed). The implicit damage is that the adversary can impersonate nodes other than u to other nodes in the graph. In this paper, we define a metric called vulnerability that measures the scope of explicit and implicit damage that may occur in a certificate graph when the private key of a node in the graph is revealed to an adversary. Using this metric, we analyse the vulnerability of different classes of certificate graphs. For example, in the case of (m, k)-star certificate graphs, the vulnerability is 1&#8722;(k&#8722;1)/2mk, whereas in the case of (d, h)-tree certificate graphs, the vulnerability is approximately 1&#8722;h/dh. For the same number of nodes, (m, k)-star certificate graphs can be made less vulnerable than (d, h)-tree certificate graphs. We present three algorithms that compute the vulnerability of an arbitrary certificate graph, and use these algorithms to show that certificate dispersal and stricter acceptance criteria reduce the vulnerability of certificate graphs.
P1248Characteristics and clinical significance of right ventricular involvement in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2019)

Abstract Background A few studies have demonstrated bi-ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, clinical significance of HCM with right ventricular (RV) involvement has not been fully established. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the structural characteristics and clinical significance of RV hypertrophy in patients with HCM. Methods In a single center, large HCM registry, 256 patients with HCM who underwent both cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and transthoracic echocardiography within 6 months were retrospectively analyzed. RV involvement was defined as increased RV wall thickness &gt;7 mm on CMR in any segments of RV free wall and apex. Patients who had evidence of significant RV pressure overload (RV systolic pressure &gt;50mmHg) or had undergone septal myectomy were excluded. Cardiovascular outcomes were defined as the composite of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for cardiovascular disease. Results Among 256 patients, 41 (16%) showed RV involvement. During follow-up period (median 1099 days), 32 cardiovascular outcomes (3 cardiovascular death and 29 cardiovascular hospitalization) were occurred. Patients with RV involvement showed a significantly higher left ventricular (LV) thickness (23.8±5.8 vs. 21.2±5.0 mm, p=0.004), more advanced diastolic dysfunction, and larger left atrial volume index (LAVI, 48.5±20.3 vs. 40.2±14.9 mm/m2, p=0.016) compared to those without RV involvement. In multivariate cox regression analysis, presence of RV involvement (HR: 4.21, 95% CI: 1.99–8.90, p&lt;0.001) and LV ejection fraction &lt;50% (HR: 4.29, 95% CI: 1.37–13.43, p=0.012) were independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes. The Kapan-Meier curve showed that there was a significant decrease in probability of cardiovascular outcomes-free survival in patients with RV involvement (p=0.007) after using 1:1 propensity score matching (n=82) to adjust for age, sex, LV ejection fraction, LV maximal wall thickness, LAVI, and RV systolic pressure than patients without RV involvement (Figure 1). Figure 1 Conclusion RV involvement in patients with HCM were not rare (16%). Patients with RV involvement showed more advanced LV structure and dysfunction, suggesting an indicator of severe HCM. RV involvement in HCM has clinical significance related to cardiovascular outcomes.
The Situation Radar - Visualizing Collaborative Situation Awareness in Traffic Control Systems (2012)

Today, traffic control responsibilities are split among different authorities that operate on a shared environment. Since each authority may have its own restrained views of the environment, collaboration is crucial to better resolve critical traffic situations. As a consequence, traffic control operators have to establish collaborative situation awareness (SA), i.e., they have to correctly judge the meaning and impact of information in their own control center, as well as to keep track of the information status and needs of other operators, their planned and executed actions, and further important details of collaboration. In this paper we discuss requirements on a user interface for collaborative SA. The authors adapt well-practiced visualization patterns to propose the Situation Radar, a user interface element aiming at establishing collaborative SA in traffic control.
High‐Pressure Picosecond Time‐Resolved Fluorescence Studies on the Excited Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Kinetics of 4‐(9‐Anthrylmethyl)‐N,N‐Dimethylaniline in Alcohol (1997)

Abstract Picosecond time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to examine the dynamic solvent effect on the excited intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT)‐state formation in 4‐(9‐anthrylmethyl)‐N,N‐dimethylaniline (AMDMA) in linear alcohol solvents as a function of pressure. The non‐exponential population decay of the local excited (LE)‐state emission is analyzed by fitting to a double exponential function. As solvent viscosity increases, the rate of the ICT‐state formation of AMDMA becomes noticeably faster than the solvent relaxation time, which is gauged by the longitudinal relaxation time of the solvent (τ L ). The pressure effect on the ICT reaction of AMDMA in the excited state can be accounted for in terms of the pressure‐tuning effect of the solvent viscosity. In addition, the time‐dependent Stokes shift (TDSS) of the ICT emission is measured at high pressures.
Polydopamine-Enabled Approach toward Tailored Plasmonic Nanogapped Nanoparticles: From Nanogap Engineering to Multifunctionality (2016)

We present a platform strategy that offers diverse flexibility in tailoring the structure and properties of core-shell plasmonic nanoparticles with built-in nanogaps. Our results have demonstrated that polydopamine serves multiple concerted functions as a nanoscale spacer to afford controllable nanogap sizes, a redox-active coating to promote metal shell growth, and a reactive scaffold to exclusively lock molecular probes inside the nanogap for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). More interestingly, the universal adhesion of polydopamine on diverse colloidal substrates allows for customized synthesis of multishell plasmonic nanogapped nanoparticles (NNPs) and multifunctional hybrid NNPs containing different cores (i.e., magnetic nanoparticles), which are not readily accessible by conventional methods. Internally coupled plasmonic NNPs with broadly tunable spectroscopic properties, highly active SERS, and multifunctionality hold great promise for emerging fields, such as sensing, optoelectronics, and theranostics, as demonstrated by the ultrasensitive SERS detection and efficient photothermal killing of food-borne pathogens here.
An integrated framework for joint design space exploration of microarchitecture and circuits (2010)

The design of a digital system for energy efficiency often requires the analysis of circuit tradeoffs in addition to architectural tradeoffs. To assist with this analysis, we present a framework for performing joint exploration of both the architectural and circuit design spaces. In our approach, we use statistical inference techniques to create a model of a large micro-architectural design space from a small number of simulation samples. We then characterize the design tradeoffs of each of the underlying circuits and integrate these with the higher level architectural models to define the joint circuit-architecture design space. We use posynomial forms for all our models, enabling the use of convex optimization tools to efficiently search the joint design space. As an example, we apply this methodology to explore the power-performance tradeoffs in a dual-issue superscalar out-of-order processor, showing how the framework can be used to determine the optimal set of design parameters for energy efficiency. Compared to current architectural tools that use fixed circuit costs, joint optimization can reduce energy by up to 30% by considering circuit tradeoff characteristics.
An octopus-derived peptide with antidiuretic activity in rats (2022)

<strong>Figure S1</strong><strong>.</strong> Optimal condition for weight of rats in the antidiuretic test. <strong>Figure S2. </strong>Optimal condition for breeding cage of rats in the antidiuretic test <strong>Figure S3.</strong> Optimal condition for fasting time of rats in the antidiuretic test
Influence of fibre homogeneity on Four Wave Mixing pair generation (2017)

Summary form only given. Optical fibre (either classical or microstructured) is a favourable medium for realization of sources of entangled photons for quantum communications. Indeed the photon pairs are generated through spontaneous Four Wave Mixing (FWM) directly in the fibre core and can thus be connected easily and without loss to the optical telecommunication network.We have realized such a source and characterized its performance. Our measurements showed a photon pair generation rate lower than expected in theory. Further characterization showed, as can be seen in Fig. 1A, a widened pair spectrum and a diminution of the generation rate compared to the prediction of our model (Fig. 1B) [2]. Such features can be explained by taking in account the intrinsic inhomogeneity of the fibre, i.e. the core and cladding dimensions fluctuation along the fibre. Indeed, a small variation of the fibre diameter implies a slightly different dispersion, hence shifted photon pair frequencies. To depict these uniformities, we extended our model through a similar approach as in Ref. [3], considering the fibre as an assembly of homogeneous sections, each one with its own length and phase mismatch. Consequently, the joint spectral intensity of pairs describing their generation probability for a given couple of frequencies is more complex. In Fig. 1B, we show the result of our numerical simulation for a purely uniform fibre with parameters corresponding to our source [1,2], and in the case of a linear variation of the zero dispersion wavelength along the fibre. In this specific case, a new analytical solution that will be presented, can be derived from our model, and is also shown in Fig. 1B as a comparison.
Hierarchical reference picture selection method for temporal scalability beyond H.264 (2005)

Temporal scalability is effective to adapt the bitstream adaptation for various capabilities of the video terminals and the delivery network, e.g. the processing speed of video terminals and the transmission rate, respectively. This technique uses the reference picture selection method on both the current layer and lower layers. The conventional scalability selects only from the last previous picture of the current layer and that of the first lower layer. This paper proposes a novel prediction scheme, the HRPS (hierarchical reference picture selection) method in which the reference picture is selected from more previous pictures in more layers, in order to improve coding efficiency, keeping the temporal scalability functionality. The proposed method is developed with a modification of the H.264. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the HRPS compared with the conventional temporal scalable methods.
Compact antennas for UWB applications (2004)

This paper reports on an investigation of spherical, disc, and half-disc antennas in the frequency and time domains with the objective of developing small planar versions of the antennas. These antennas have an omni-directional impulse response in azimuth and a pulse duration of 0.5 - 0.65 nanoseconds. In addition, the measured data show a reasonable peak received signal in a pulse communication link using two identical antennas.
Left Ventricular Regional Dysfunction Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Without Cardiac Symptoms: Comparison Between Methotrexate and Biologics Treatment Groups (2014)

To the Editor: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cardiac involvement such as myocarditis and myocardial infarction is common. This cardiac involvement may have serious consequences and can contribute to worsening of a patient’s cardiac-related morbidity and mortality1,2. Importantly, myocardial disease is typically clinically silent3, only manifesting as myocardial dysfunction after an extended preclinical phase. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a sensitive noninvasive diagnostic technique that can identify subclinical myocardial structural and functional abnormalities. No systematic studies of left ventricular (LV) regional function by CMR have been conducted in patients with RA. We sought to use a CMR approach to detect LV regional dysfunction in RA patients without cardiac symptoms compared to healthy volunteers. Further, we compared LV regional function between patients with RA who were treated with methotrexate (MTX) plus biologics compared to those treated only with MTX. Consecutive patients with RA as defined by the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria were recruited from the outpatient rheumatology clinic at Itabashi Chuo Medical Center between September 2009 and December 2012. Healthy volunteers were also included in the study. Because the regional myocardial function is related to age, we have included only subjects less than 70 years old. All patients with RA received either MTX or MTX plus the biologics infliximab (IFX) or tocilizumab (TCZ). All patients and volunteers underwent nonenhanced CMR with steady-state free-precession (SSFP) cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. … Address correspondence to Dr. Y. Kobayashi, Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan. E-mail: yasukoba2{at}gmail.com
Neuromuscular Activity of Upper and Lower Limbs during two Backstroke Swimming Start Variants. (2015)

A proficient start is decisive in sprint competitive swimming events and requires swimmers’ to exert maximal forces in a short period to complete the task successfully. The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity in-between the backstroke start with feet positioned parallel and partially emerged performed with the hands on the highest horizontal and on the vertical handgrip at hands-off, take-off, flight and entry start phases. EMG comparisons between starting variants were supported by upper and lower limb joint angles at starting position and 15 m start time data. Following a four-week start training to familiarize participants with each start variant, 10 male competitive backstroke swimmers performed randomly six 15 m maximal trials, being three of each start variant. Surface EMG of Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Rectus Femoris, Biceps Femoris, Gastrocnemius Medialis and Tibialis Anterior was recorded and processed using the time integral EMG (iEMG). Eight video cameras (four surface and four underwater) were used to determine backstroke start phases and joint angles at starting position. EMG, joint angles and temporal parameters have not evidenced changes due to the different handgrips. Nevertheless, clear differences were observed in both variants for upper and lower limb muscles activity among starting phases (e.g. Biceps Brachii at take-off vs. flight phase, 15.17% ± 2.76% and 22.38% ± 4.25%; 14.24% ± 7.11% and 25.90% ± 8.65%, for variant with hands horizontal and vertically positioned, respectively). It was concluded that different handgrips did not affect EMG, kinematics and temporal profile in backstroke start. Despite coaches might plan similar strength training for both start variants, further attention should be given on the selection of proper exercises to maximize the contribution of relevant muscles at different starting phases.
Targeting HO-1 by Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Contrast-Induced Renal Injury via Anti-Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammation Pathways (2016)

Both oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a purified catechin from green tea, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is unknown whether or not EGCG is effective in treating CIN. Our present study found that intravenous administration of EGCG, either before or just after the establishment of CIN, had a protective effect, determined by normalization of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, improvement in renal histopathological scoring and alleviation of apoptosis, accompanied by decreased oxidative stress and inflammation. Because EGCG is a potent inducer of the antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), we studied HO-1 signaling in CIN. HO-1 levels were increased in CIN; treatment with EGCG further increased HO-1 levels, accompanied by an increase in Nrf2, a regulator of antioxidant proteins. Interestingly, blockade of HO-1 with protoporphyrin IX zinc(II) (ZnPP) prevented the protective effect of EGCG on CIN. ZnPP also blocked the ability of EGCG to increase the activity of an antioxidant (superoxide dismutase), and decrease markers of oxidative stress (myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase and IL-1β), indicating that HO-1 is the upstream molecule that regulates the EGCG-mediated protection. To determine further the role of HO-1 on the EGCG-mediated inhibition of inflammation, we studied the effect of EGCG on the NLRP3 inflammasome, an upstream signaling of IL-1β. EGCG down-regulated NLRP3 expression, which was blocked by ZnPP, indicating that HO-1 links EGCG with NLRP3. Therefore, EGCG, via up-regulation of HO-1, protects against CIN by amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Hypercoagulability and coronavirus disease 2019–associated hypoxemic respiratory failure: Mechanisms and emerging management paradigms (2020)

Yeh, Calvin H. MD, PhD; de Wit, Kerstin MBChB, MSc, MD; Levy, Jerrold H. MD; Weitz, Jeffrey I. MD; Vaezzadeh, Nima PhD; Liaw, Patricia C. MSc, PhD; Fox-Robichaud, Alison MD, MSc; Soliman, Karim MD; Kim, Paul Y. MSc, PhD Author Information