gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Inhibition of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Improves Sensitivity to Platinum and Taxane in Ovarian Cancer (2018)

Ovarian cancer, one of the deadliest malignancies in female cancer patients, is characterized by recurrence and poor response to cytotoxic chemotherapies. Fewer than 30% of patients with resistant disease will respond to additional chemotherapy treatments. This study aims to determine whether and how inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL can restore sensitivity to first-line platinum and taxane therapy in ovarian cancer. AXL staining was quantified in a patient tissue microarray and correlated with chemoresponse of patients. We used small hairpin RNAs to knock down AXL expression and the small-molecule inhibitor BGB324 to inhibit AXL and assessed sensitivity of cell lines and primary patient-derived cells to chemotherapy. We quantified platinum accumulation by inductivity-coupled plasma phase mass spectrometry. Finally, we treated chemoresistant patient-derived xenografts with chemotherapy, BGB324, or chemotherapy plus BGB324 and monitored tumor burden. AXL expression was higher in chemoresistant patient tumors and cell lines than in chemosensitive tumors and cell lines. AXL staining significantly predicted chemoresponse. Knockdown and inhibition of AXL dose-dependently improved response to paclitaxel and carboplatin in both cell lines and primary cells. AXL inhibition increased platinum accumulation by 2-fold (<i>*, P</i> < 0.05). <i>In vivo</i> studies indicated that AXL inhibition enhanced the ability of chemotherapy to prevent tumor growth (****, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). AXL contributes to platinum and taxane resistance in ovarian cancer, and inhibition of AXL improves chemoresponse and accumulation of chemotherapy drugs. This study supports continued investigation into AXL as a clinical target.
Structure-Modification Model of Porogen-Based Porous SiOC Film with Ultraviolet Curing (2011)

The effect of ultraviolet (UV) curing on film properties of porogen based porous SiOC (P-SiOC) film was investigated. The P-SiOC films were prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using alkoxysilane and porogen (hydrocarbon). UV curing time was changed from 0 s to 1000 s. The variation of the k value and elastic modulus on the P-SiOC film with UV curing can be classified into three phases. From the behavior of pore density and free volume rate evaluated by using positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), the multiphase model for structural modification of P-SiOC film by UV curing was proposed. In addition, the optimum UV curing time for obtaining a superior P-SiOC film with lower k value and higher mechanical strength was determined.
Lipid droplet storage promotes murine pancreatic tumor growth (2021)

Hypoxia Inducible Lipid Droplet Associated (HILPDA) is frequently overexpressed in tumors and promotes neutral lipid storage. The impact of Hilpda on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor growth is not known. In order to evaluate Hilpda‑dependent lipid storage mechanisms, expression of Hilpda in murine pancreatic cells (KPC) was genetically manipulated. Lipid droplet (LD) abundance and triglyceride content <i>in vitro</i> were measured, and model tumor growth in nu/nu mice was determined. The results showed that excess lipid supply increased triglyceride storage and LD formation in KPC cells in a HILPDA‑dependent manner. Contrary to published results, inhibition of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) did not ameliorate the triglyceride abundance differences between Hilpda WT and KO cells. Hilpda ablation significantly decreased the growth rate of model tumors in immunocompromised mice. In conclusion, Hilpda is a positive regulator of triglyceride storage and lipid droplet formation in murine pancreatic cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and lipid accumulation and tumor growth <i>in vivo</i>. Our data suggest that deregulated ATGL is not responsible for the absence of LDs in KO cells in this context.
Quantitation of malaria sporozoites transmitted in vitro during salivation by wild Afrotropical Anopheles (1991)

The malaria transmission potential of wild, infective Anopheles from western Kenya was evaluated by determining the number of sporozoites transmitted in vitro by salivation when their mouthparts were inserted into capillary tubes containing either sucrose or blood. With sucrose, 86.6% of 102 infective Anopheles transmitted a geometric mean (GM) of 3.84 sporozoites (range 1-34). With blood, 23.1% of 104 infective Anopheles, tested on the day of collection, transmitted a GM of 2.30 sporozoites (range 1-117). For Anopheles held 5 days postcapture before testing with blood, 53.6% of 56 transmitted a GM of 6.04 sporozoites (range 1-420). Transmitting Anopheles contained significantly more salivary gland sporozoites than non-transmitters. No significant differences were detected between Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu lato and Anopheles funestus Giles in sporozoite transmission by individuals with sporozoites in their salivary glands. Sporozoites were detected microscopically in the salivary duct from heads in 80.3% of 117 infective Anopheles (GM = 11.2, range 1-71). Sporozoite detection in mosquito heads by ELISA was 25% less efficient than microscopic detection. Over 98% of the infective Anopheles transmitted less than twenty-five Over 98% of the infective Anopheles transmitted less than twenty-five sporozoites. Transmitted sporozoites represented only about 3% of the total sporozoites in the salivary glands suggesting that sporozoite transmission may be restricted to sporozoites in the salivary duct at the time of feeding. Results are discussed in relation to anti-sporozoite vaccine development.
Operation shuffling for low energy L0 cluster generation on heterogeneous VLIW processors (2005)

Clustering L0 buffers is effective for reduction of energy consumption in the instruction memory hierarchy of embedded VLIW processors. However, efficiency of the clustering depends on schedule and assignment of a target application. This paper proposes a tool flow to explore operation shuffling for improving generation of L0 clusters. The tools explore assignment of operations for each cycle and generate various schedules. This approach makes it possible to reduce energy consumption for various processor architectures, however, the computational complexity is large because of huge exploration space. Therefore, some heuristics are also developed, which reduce the size of exploration space while the quality of solution remains reasonable. The experimental results indicate potential gain of up to 22.0% in energy of the operation shuffling for various heterogeneous processor architectures. Furthermore, the proposed heuristics drastically reduce the exploration search space by about 90%, while the results are comparable to full search, differences of up to 1%.
Sensing glucose concentrations at GHz frequencies with a fully embedded Biomicro-electromechanical system (BioMEMS) (2013)

The progressive scaling in semiconductor technology allows for advanced miniaturization of intelligent systems like implantable biosensors for low-molecular weight analytes. A most relevant application would be the monitoring of glucose in diabetic patients, since no commercial solution is available yet for the continuous and drift-free monitoring of blood sugar levels. We report on a biosensor chip that operates via the binding competition of glucose and dextran to concanavalin A. The sensor is prepared as a fully embedded micro-electromechanical system and operates at GHz frequencies. Glucose concentrations derive from the assay viscosity as determined by the deflection of a 50 nm TiN actuator beam excited by quasi-electrostatic attraction. The GHz detection scheme does not rely on the resonant oscillation of the actuator and safely operates in fluidic environments. This property favorably combines with additional characteristics-(i) measurement times of less than a second, (ii) usage of biocompatible TiN for bio-milieu exposed parts, and (iii) small volume of less than 1 mm<sup>3</sup>-to qualify the sensor chip as key component in a continuous glucose monitor for the interstitial tissue.
Positive and negative interaction of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the retinoid CD437 in the induction of human melanoma cell apoptosis (1999)

The natural ligands of the nuclear receptors vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), i.e., 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) and all-trans retinoic acid, have important effects on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of a variety of malignant cells, including melanoma. The therapeutic potential of the 2 nuclear hormones can be enhanced by the use of synthetic analogues. In this study, the 2 human melanoma cell lines WM1341 and MeWo were compared for the combined effect of VD and synthetic retinoids. Both cell lines expressed reasonable amounts of VDR, RARγ and retinoid X receptor α and differed only in the relative expression of RARα and β. From 9 functional variants of retinoids, only the RARγ-selective retinoid CD437 showed, in both cell lines, a significant anti-proliferative effect. In MeWo cells, but not in WM1341 cells, VD induced growth arrest but showed no synergistic interaction with the effects of CD437. In contrast, VD induced apoptosis in WM1341, but not in MeWo, cells. CD437 was a strong inducer of apoptosis in both melanoma cell lines. Parallel treatment with CD437 and VD resulted in synergistic enhancement of apoptosis in WM1341 cells, whereas a clear decrease in induction of apoptosis in MeWo cells occurred. Our results indicate that a combined treatment of melanoma with VD and selected retinoids is promising but should be adapted to individual types of tumor. Int. J. Cancer 81:467–470, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Review of microshutters for switchable glass (2019)

Background: Switchable glasses allow the control of light transmission—an attractive property for applications such as car sunroofs, aircraft windows, building windows, augmented reality, imaging, and displays. Commercialized switchable glasses have severe limitations, such as speed, cost, and operating conditions, among others. Microshutters, a type of switchable glass with very distinctive properties, are reviewed, as they are a technology that could significantly improve some or all of the shortcomings mentioned above. Aim: We will summarize the various types of microshutters and tentatively identify various critical designs, fabrication schemes, and performance criteria by the many research groups implementing them and investigating their properties. Approach: We will describe the various approaches used to control light transmission through microelectromechanical systems. It will compare their performances and comment on fabrication and implementation challenges. Conclusions: Microshutters have performance levels that could make them good candidates for switchable glasses. Many research groups have investigated various approaches to fabricate microshutters and have shown that they can be implemented reliably on a small scale, with fast actuation, low power, and high contrast and are relatively easy to manufacture. Work is needed to demonstrate that they can be scaled-up and still be economical to produce.
Catalytically active inclusion bodies of L-lysine decarboxylase from E. coli for 1,5-diaminopentane production (2018)

Sustainable and eco-efficient alternatives for the production of platform chemicals, fuels and chemical building blocks require the development of stable, reusable and recyclable biocatalysts. Here we present a novel concept for the biocatalytic production of 1,5-diaminopentane (DAP, trivial name: cadaverine) using catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs) of the constitutive L-lysine decarboxylase from E. coli (EcLDCc-CatIBs) to process L-lysine-containing culture supernatants from Corynebacterium glutamicum. EcLDCc-CatIBs can easily be produced in E. coli followed by a simple purification protocol yielding up to 43% dry CatIBs per dry cell weight. The stability and recyclability of EcLDCc-CatIBs was demonstrated in (repetitive) batch experiments starting from L-lysine concentrations of 0.1 M and 1 M. EcLDC-CatIBs exhibited great stability under reaction conditions with an estimated half-life of about 54 h. High conversions to DAP of 87-100% were obtained in 30-60 ml batch reactions using approx. 180-300 mg EcLDCc-CatIBs, respectively. This resulted in DAP titres of up to 88.4 g l<sup>-1</sup> and space-time yields of up to 660 g<sub>DAP</sub> l<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> per gram dry EcLDCc-CatIBs. The new process for DAP production can therefore compete with the currently best fermentative process as described in the literature.
Training Pathology Residents to Practice 21st Century Medicine (2016)

Scientific advances, open information access, and evolving health-care economics are disrupting extant models of health-care delivery. Physicians increasingly practice as team members, accountable to payers and patients, with improved efficiency, value, and quality. This change along with a greater focus on population health affects how systems of care are structured and delivered. Pathologists are not immune to these disruptors and, in fact, may be one of the most affected medical specialties. In the coming decades, it is likely that the number of practicing pathologists will decline, requiring each pathologist to serve more and often sicker patients. The demand for increasingly sophisticated yet broader diagnostic skills will continue to grow. This will require pathologists to acquire appropriate professional training and interpersonal skills. Today's pathology training programs are ill designed to prepare such practitioners. The time to practice for most pathology trainees is typically 5 to 6 years. Yet, trainees often lack sufficient experience to practice independently and effectively. Many studies have recognized these challenges suggesting that more effective training for this new century can be implemented. Building on the strengths of existing programs, we propose a redesign of pathology residency training that will meet (and encourage) a continuing evolution of American Board of Pathology and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements, reduce the time to readiness for practice, and produce more effective, interactive, and adaptable pathologists. The essence of this new model is clear definition and acquisition of core knowledge and practice skills that span the anatomic and clinical pathology continuum during the first 2 years, assessed by competency-based metrics with emphasis on critical thinking and skill acquisition, followed by individualized modular training with intensively progressive responsibility during the final years of training. We anticipate that implementing some or all aspects of this model will enable residents to attain a higher level of competency within the current time-based constraints of residency training.
Enhancement of Transport of D-Melphalan Analogue by Conjugation with L-Glutamate across Bovine Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cell Monolayers (2000)

In this paper, the L-glutamate (L-Glu) transport system was targeted to improve the delivery of a model compound, p-di(hydroxyethyl)-amino-D-phenylalanine (D-MOD), through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro cell culture model. D-MOD is an analogue of an antitumor agent D-melphalan. To target the L-Glu transport system, D-MOD was conjugated to L-Glu to give D-MOD-L-Glu conjugate. D-MOD and D-MOD-L-Glu transport properties were evaluated using the bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell (BBMEC) monolayers. The results suggest that D-MOD-L-Glu conjugate permeates through the BBMEC monolayers more readily than the parent D-MOD. The improvement of transport may be due to the recognition of D-MOD-L-Glu by the L-Glu transport system. The transport mechanism was evaluated using several different experiments including: (a) concentration-dependent studies; (b) temperature-dependent studies; (c) substrate inhibition studies; and (d) metabolic inhibitor studies. The D-MOD-L-Glu transport was inhibited by the change of temperature from 37 degrees C to 4 degrees C. At higher concentrations, the transport of D-MOD-L-Glu reached plateau due to saturation. Furthermore, some amino acids (i.e., L-Glu, L-Asp, D-Asp, and L-Gln) inhibited the transport of D-MOD-L-Glu; presumably the conjugate was competing with these amino acids for the same transport system. Metabolic inhibitors (i.e., 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium azide) suppressed the transport of the conjugate. However, the conjugate was not transported by monocarboxylic acid, dipeptide and neutral amino acid transporters. In conclusion, the L-Glu transport system can be utilized to facilitate a non-permeable drug across the BBB by conjugating the drug with L-Glu amino acid.
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma After Primary Hodgkin’s Disease in the German Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group: Incidence, Treatment, and Prognosis (2001)

In the GHSG, the incidence of secondary NHL with 0.9% is relatively low compared with previously reported series. The prognosis of secondary NHL seems dismal and is significantly influenced by time of occurrence and the age-adjusted IPFI. In a subset of patients with secondary NHL, long-term disease-free survival could be achieved.
The origin of pattern duplications in segment polarity mutants of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1985)

Mutations of the segment polarity group in Drosophila melanogaster produce additional denticles with reversed polarity in every segment of the larval cuticle. We have investigated the effect of mutations in different elements of the bithorax complex on the segmental identity of these additional pattern elements. Our results suggest that they are derived, primarily, from the anterior compartment of each segment.
Effects of abiotic stressors on lutein production in the green microalga Dunaliella salina (2014)

This study shows that systematic evaluation of the relationship between abiotic environmental stresses and lutein biosynthesis can help to decipher the key parameters in obtaining high levels of lutein productivity in D. salina. This study may benefit future stress-driven adaptive laboratory evolution experiments and a strategy of applying stress in a step-wise manner can be suggested for a rational design of experiments.
Measurement of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math>Lamb shift in hydrogenlike chlorine (1984)

The $1s$ Lamb shift in hydrogenlike chlorine has been determined from a precision measurement of the ${2p}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{1s}_{\frac{1}{2}}(\mathrm{Ly}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1})$ and ${2p}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{1s}_{\frac{1}{2}}(\mathrm{Ly}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2})$ x-ray transitions using beam-foil excitation. The x rays are emitted from high-velocity chlorine-ion beams at several ion velocities produced by a Van de Graaf accelerator. The $1s$ Lamb shifts obtained from the $\mathrm{Ly}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$ and $\mathrm{Ly}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$ measurements are 0.84(12) and 0.90(10) eV, respectively, compared with a calculated value of 0.9384(6) eV. The fine-structure splitting of the $2p$ level was also determined in this experiment and found to be 3.889(30) eV compared with a theoretical value of 3.827 18(2) eV. A precision measurement of the $\mathrm{Ar} K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ x rays was made in order to establish the energy scale for $\mathrm{Cl} \mathrm{Ly}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ x rays. The newly determined energies are 2957.813(8), 2955.684(13), and 2977.51(6) eV for the $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$, $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$, and $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{4}$ energies, respectively.
Effect of Magnets Segmentation on the Cogging Torque in Surface Mounted PM Motors (2006)

International audience
Fibrinogen Alpha Chain Knockout Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis through Integrin–AKT Signaling Pathway in Lung Cancer (2020)

Fibrinogen is an extracellular matrix protein composed of three polypeptide chains with fibrinogen alpha (FGA), beta (FGB) and gamma (FGG). Although fibrinogen and its related fragments are involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, their functional roles are incompatible. A recent genome-scale screening reveals that loss of <i>FGA</i> affects the acceleration of tumor growth and metastasis of lung cancer, but the mechanism remains elusive. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to knockout (KO) <i>FGA</i> in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines A549 and H1299. By colony formation, transwell migration and matrix invasion assays, <i>FGA</i> KO increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but decreased the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker E-cadherin and cytokeratin 5/8 in A549 and H1299 cells. However, administration of FGA inhibited cell proliferation and migration but induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Of note, <i>FGA</i> KO cells indirectly cocultured by transwells with <i>FGA</i> wild-type cells increased FGA in the culture medium, leading to decreased migration of <i>FGA</i> KO cells. Furthermore, our functional analysis identified a direct interaction of FGA with integrin α5 as well as FGA-integrin signaling that regulated the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in A549 cells. In addition, we validated that <i>FGA</i> KO increased tumor growth and metastasis through activation of AKT signaling in an A549 xenograft model. IMPLICATIONS: These findings demonstrate that that loss of <i>FGA</i> facilities tumor growth and metastasis through the integrin-AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer.
MaskMTL: Attribute prediction in masked facial images with deep multitask learning (2022)

Predicting attributes in the landmark free facial images is itself a challenging task which gets further complicated when the face gets occluded due to the usage of masks. Smart access control gates which utilize identity verification or the secure login to personal electronic gadgets may utilize face as a biometric trait. Particularly, the Covid-19 pandemic increasingly validates the essentiality of hygienic and contactless identity verification. In such cases, the usage of masks become more inevitable and performing attribute prediction helps in segregating the target vulnerable groups from community spread or ensuring social distancing for them in a collaborative environment. We create a masked face dataset by efficiently overlaying masks of different shape, size and textures to effectively model variability generated by wearing mask. This paper presents a deep Multi-Task Learning (MTL) approach to jointly estimate various heterogeneous attributes from a single masked facial image. Experimental results on benchmark face attribute UTKFace dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach supersedes in performance to other competing techniques. The source code is available at https://github.com/ritikajha/Attribute-prediction-in-masked-facial-images-with-deep-multitask-learning
Unified model of fractal conductance fluctuations for diffusive and ballistic semiconductor devices (2006)

We present an experimental comparison of magnetoconductance fluctuations measured in the ballistic, quasiballistic, and diffusive scattering regimes of semiconductor devices. In contradiction to expectations, we show that the spectral content of the magnetoconductance fluctuations exhibits an identical fractal behavior for these scattering regimes and that this behavior is remarkably insensitive to device boundary properties. We propose a unified model of fractal conductance fluctuations in the ballistic, quasiballistic, and diffusive transport regimes, in which the generic fractal behavior is generated by a subtle interplay between boundary and material-induced chaotic scattering events.