gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia del sexismo y violencia de género en adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa “Manuel J. Calle” Cuenca, 2017 (2018)

Antecedentes.- Sexismo es el conjunto de comportamientos discriminatorios, prejuicios y violencia originados por la condicion de genero. La conducta violenta es fruto de la combinacion de diversos factores sociales y culturales que proceden de la desigualdad de poder. La OMS afirma que la violencia contra la mujer es un grave problema.
Objetivo general.- Determinar la prevalencia del sexismo y violencia de genero en adolescentes de bachillerato en la Unidad Educativa “Manuel J. Calle”. Cuenca, 2017.
Metodologia.- Se realizo un estudio de tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo de prevalencia en el periodo de mayo- julio del 2017. El universo fue de 1042 estudiantes y la muestra de 280 adolescentes entre los 14 y 17 anos de la Unidad Educativa “Manuel .J. Calle”. La tecnica utilizada fue el llenado de encuestas. Los datos se analizaron y procesaron con el Software SPSS version 20 y Microsoft Excel 2010. Los resultados se presentan en tablas de frecuencias, porcentajes y graficos.
Resultados.- El 45,7% de adolescentes tiene 17 anos de edad; el 45,4% corresponde al genero masculino y el 54,6% al femenino; el 89,6% de esta muestra presento sexismo benevolo y el 10,4% sexismo hostil; mientras que, el 88,9% experimento abuso emocional, finalmente el 11,1% presento abuso multiple.
Conclusiones.- El tipo de sexismo prevalente en los adolescentes es el sexismo benevolo, siendo mayor en el sexo femenino, el sexismo hostil destaca en el sexo masculino. Con respecto a la violencia presente en los adolescentes, recalca que el abuso multiple es vivido principalmente en el sexo masculino.
N-Terminal Fragments of Tau Inhibit Full-Length Tau Polymerization in Vitro (2006)

The polymerization of the microtubule-associated protein, tau, into insoluble filaments is a common thread in Alzheimer's disease and in a variety of frontotemporal dementias. The conformational change required for tau to transition from an extended monomeric state to a filamentous state with a high beta-sheet content involves the extreme N-terminus coming into contact with distal portions of the molecule; however, these exact interactions are incompletely understood. Here we report that a construct representing amino acids 1-196 (Tau196), which itself does not polymerize, inhibits polymerization of full-length tau (hTau40) in vitro. In addition, we trace the inhibitory effect of Tau196 to amino acids 18-42 of the construct. We also provide evidence that the N-terminal tau fragments require a specific C-terminal region of tau (residues 392-421) to exert their inhibitory effect. The fragments are most effective at inhibiting polymerization when present during the initial 5 min; they remain in the soluble fraction of the polymerization reaction, and they increase the amount of soluble hTau40. The fragments also reduce the number and average length of filaments that are formed. Taken together, these results suggest that the N-terminal tau fragments inhibit hTau40 polymerization by interacting with a specific C-terminal sequence, thereby stabilizing a soluble conformation of tau.
Spectrally Efficient Iterative MU-MIMO Receiver for SC-FDMA Based on EP (2018)

A novel multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) receiver for single-carrier frequency-division multiple-access (SC-FDMA) is proposed within the expectation propagation (EP) framework. Recent advances in iterative receiver design show the ability of low complexity EP-based iterative algorithms to achieve performance close to maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection. In this paper, based on the exact derivation of frequency-domain EP-based turbo receivers, we propose a novel spectrally and computationally efficient soft interference canceller (IC) with a doubly-iterative architecture. Asymptotic and finite-length analysis show that our proposal outperforms existing schemes with comparable complexity, in various spatial-multiplexing configurations.
Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> Derived Blue and Green Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles for Cell-Imaging Application (2014)

A carbon-based fluorescent nanoparticle is considered to be a new generation nontoxic nanoprobe suitable for various bioimaging and sensing applications. However, the synthesis of such a high-quality nanoparticle is challenging, and its application potential is mostly unexplored. Here we report a vitamin B1 carbonization-based approach for blue and green fluorescent carbon nanoparticles of <10 nm size with a fluorescence quantum of up to 76%. We found that carbonization of vitamin B1 in the presence of phosphate salt at ∼90-130 °C for about 2 h produces highly fluorescent carbon nanoparticles of 1-6 nm size. The particle size and fluorescence property can be controlled by varying the reaction temperature and nature of phosphate salt. Elemental analysis shows the incorporation of a large percentage (up to 48 wt %) of other elements (such as nitrogen, oxygen, phophorus, and sulfur) in the carbon matrix. The chemical structure of vitamin B1 (thiamine) is unique in a sense that it consists of a large number of heteroatoms along with unsaturated bonds and offers low-temperature carbonization with the formation of a nanoparticle having an optimum ratio of sp(2) and sp(3) carbon atoms. These carbon nanoparticles have high colloidal stability and stable fluorescence and have been used as fluorescent imaging probes.
Optimal level of purple acid phosphatase5 is required for maintaining complete resistance to Pseudomonas syringae (2015)

Plants possess an exceedingly complex innate immune system to defend against most pathogens. However, a relative proportion of the pathogens overcome host's innate immunity and impair plant growth and productivity. We previously showed that mutation in purple acid phosphatase (PAP5) lead to enhanced susceptibility of Arabidopsis to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Here, we report that an optimal level of PAP5 is crucial for mounting complete basal resistance. Overexpression of PAP5 impaired ICS1, PR1 expression and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation similar to pap5 knockout mutant plants. Moreover, plant overexpressing PAP5 was impaired in H2O2 accumulation in response to Pst DC3000. PAP5 is localized in to peroxisomes, a known site of generation of reactive oxygen species for activation of defense responses. Taken together, our results demonstrate that optimal levels of PAP5 is required for mounting resistance against Pst DC3000 as both knockout and overexpression of PAP5 lead to compromised basal resistance.
Histopathology of idiopathic lateral skull base defects (2015)

NA
Supplementary Table 6 from Diverse Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Profiles Correlate with Differential Adaptation of Breast Cancer Cells to the Antiestrogens Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant (2023)

Supplementary Table 6 from Diverse Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Profiles Correlate with Differential Adaptation of Breast Cancer Cells to the Antiestrogens Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant
Catalytic Hydrocarboxylation of Alkenes and Alkynes with CO<sub>2</sub> (2011)

Taming the enemy: Great possibilities for the use of carbon dioxide as a renewable and environmentally friendly source of carbon in organic synthesis have been demonstrated through the hydrocarboxylation of simple alkenes and alkynes with CO2 (see scheme). Several versatile methods for carboxylic acid synthesis have been developed on this basis.
Final Amended Safety Assessment of Sodium Sulfate as Used in Cosmetics (2021)

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reopened the safety assessment of Sodium Sulfate, a cosmetic ingredient that is an inorganic salt reported to function in cosmetics as a viscosity increasing agent-aqueous. The Panel reviewed the relevant new data for the ingredient, including frequency of use and concentration of use, and considered data from the previous Panel assessment. The Panel concluded that Sodium Sulfate is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentrations described in this safety assessment when formulated to be nonirritating.
Targeted Disruption in Mice of a Neural Stem Cell-Maintaining, KRAB-Zn Finger-Encoding Gene That Has Rapidly Evolved in the Human Lineage (2012)

Understanding the genetic basis of the physical and behavioral traits that separate humans from other primates is a challenging but intriguing topic. The adaptive functions of the expansion and/or reduction in human brain size have long been explored. From a brain transcriptome project we have identified a KRAB-Zn finger protein-encoding gene (M003-A06) that has rapidly evolved since the human-chimpanzee separation. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of different human tissues indicates that M003-A06 expression is enriched in the human fetal brain in addition to the fetal heart. Furthermore, analysis with use of immunofluorescence staining, neurosphere culturing and Western blotting indicates that the mouse ortholog of M003-A06, Zfp568, is expressed mainly in the embryonic stem (ES) cells and fetal as well as adult neural stem cells (NSCs). Conditional gene knockout experiments in mice demonstrates that Zfp568 is both an NSC maintaining- and a brain size-regulating gene. Significantly, molecular genetic analyses show that human M003-A06 consists of 2 equilibrated allelic types, H and C, one of which (H) is human-specific. Combined contemporary genotyping and database mining have revealed interesting genetic associations between the different genotypes of M003-A06 and the human head sizes. We propose that M003-A06 is likely one of the genes contributing to the uniqueness of the human brain in comparison to other higher primates.
A scalable architecture for ordered parallelism (2015)

We present Swarm, a novel architecture that exploits ordered irregular parallelism, which is abundant but hard to mine with current software and hardware techniques. In this architecture, programs consist of short tasks with programmer-specified timestamps. Swarm executes tasks speculatively and out of order, and efficiently speculates thousands of tasks ahead of the earliest active task to uncover ordered parallelism. Swarm builds on prior TLS and HTM schemes, and contributes several new techniques that allow it to scale to large core counts and speculation windows, including a new execution model, speculation-aware hardware task management, selective aborts, and scalable ordered commits.
The NanoSPECT: A high-sensitivity multi-pinhole SPECT system with submillimeter (nanoliter) spatial resolution for imaging small rodents (2006)

667 Objectives: Multi-Pinhole SPECT has become a proven modality in small-animal molecular imaging. Although the spatial-resolution capabilities of SPECT are greater than those of PET, the latter is generally considered the gold-standard nuclear imaging modality due to high-sensitivities. In this work, we present a high-throughput SPECT system that achieves submillimeter reconstructed resolutions while simultaneously approaching the sensitivity of PET. This increase in sensitivity combined with existing advantages of SPECT, e.g. tracer chemistry, cost and dual isotope capabilities, improves the standing of SPECT as a molecular imager. Methods: This camera, the NanoSPECT, consists of four detectors (215x230mm NaI, 33 PMTs, 2mm intrinsic resolution at 140keV) mounted on a high-precision gantry. Each detector is outfitted with an interchangeable 9-pinhole aperture for a total of 36 pinholes surrounding the field of view (FOV). Pinhole diameter and FOV are chosen in accordance with the prescribed application, e.g., mouse or rat imaging. The axial FOV is extended using helical scanning (user-selectable range from 20 to 290mm). Additionally, helical orbits provide an increase in the angular sampling. All told, this increase in sensitivity and sampling greatly improves image quality both for detection and estimation (quantification) as compared to standard SPECT acquisition techniques. Results: We will present a detailed description of the NanoSPECT along with numerous phantom studies and small-animal scans performed with an array of Tc-99m, I-123 and In-111 tracers. The results will address resolution, sensitivity, imaging times, injected dose and quantification results as well as multi-isotope and dynamic SPECT capabilities. Conclusions: We have developed a system with high resolution (submillimeter), high sensitivity (> 2000cps/MBq) and fast acquisition times (down to 1 minute) with quantification and dynamic scanning capabilities.
Control of Watery Diarrhoea Syndrome in a Patient with a Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Secreting Tumour, Using SMS 201-995 and Dexamethasone (1986)

The Verner-Morrison (1) or watery diarrhoea syndrome (WDS) results from islet-cell tumours of the pancreas or metastases from such tumours and is regularly associated with elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (2, 3) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (3. 4). Since infusion of VIP results in severe watery diarrhoea, VIP elevations can be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disorder and be a useful tumour marker (2, 5, 6). The role of PP is less clear but, again, is a useful tumour marker because of the frequent elevations in WDS (4, 7). Somatostatin has been shown to palliate the WDS, presumably by a direct effect on the tumour, resulting in decreased circulating levels of VIP (8, 9). Since somatostatin has a short half-life, it is not practical for long-term management (10). Availability of the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 (11) and the report that its use suppressed the WDS in a patient with a VIP-secreting turnour (12) prompted its use in the management of this patient. This synthetic octapeptide is more potent than natural somatostatin and has a biologic half-life that is 20 times greater when given intravenously. This drug reaches peak plasma levels within 15-30 min after subcutaneous injection and has an elimination half-life of 113 min (13). The response to the SMS 201-995, chemotherapy, dexamethasone, and a combination of SMS 201-995 plus dexamethasone was assessed in a patient with WDS due to an islet-cell carcinoma that metastasized to the liver. Changes in the plasma levels of VIP and PP were related to measured circulating levels of SMS 201-995 during therapy.
Malware Detection by Eating a Whole EXE (2017)

In this work we introduce malware detection from raw byte sequences as a fruitful research area to the larger machine learning community. Building a neural network for such a problem presents a number of interesting challenges that have not occurred in tasks such as image processing or NLP. In particular, we note that detection from raw bytes presents a sequence problem with over two million time steps and a problem where batch normalization appear to hinder the learning process. We present our initial work in building a solution to tackle this problem, which has linear complexity dependence on the sequence length, and allows for interpretable sub-regions of the binary to be identified. In doing so we will discuss the many challenges in building a neural network to process data at this scale, and the methods we used to work around them.
Acoustic metamaterials-driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand management of acute disease (2023)

Transdermal drug delivery provides convenient and pain-free self-administration for personalized therapy. However, challenges remain in treating acute diseases mainly due to their inability to timely administrate therapeutics and precisely regulate pharmacokinetics within a short time window. Here we report the development of active acoustic metamaterials-driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand acute disease management. Through the integration of active acoustic metamaterials, a compact therapeutic patch is integrated for penetration of skin stratum corneum and active percutaneous transport of therapeutics with precise control of dose and rate over time. Moreover, the patch device quantitatively regulates the dosage and release kinetics of therapeutics and achieves better delivery performance in vivo than through subcutaneous injection. As a proof-of-concept application, we show our method can reverse life-threatening acute allergic reactions in a female mouse model of anaphylaxis via a multi-burst delivery of epinephrine, showing better efficacy than a fixed dosage injection of epinephrine, which is the current gold standard 'self-injectable epinephrine' strategy. This innovative method may provide a promising means to manage acute disease for personalized medicine.
Bridging Information Visualization with Machine Learning (2015)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 15101 “Bridging Information Visualization with Machine Learning”. This seminar is a successor to Dagstuhl seminar 12081 “Information Visualization, Visual Data Mining and Machine Learning” held in 2012. The main goal of this second seminar was to identify important challenges to overcome in order to build systems that integrate machine learning and information visualization. Seminar March 1–6, 2015 – http://www.dagstuhl.de/15101 1998 ACM Subject Classification H.5 Information Interfaces and Presentations, I.3 Computer Graphics, I.5.4 Computer Vision, H.2.8 Database Applications, H.3.3 Information Search and Retrieval, I.2.6 Learning
Design and manufacture of quantum-confined punch-through SOI light sources (2010)

To investigate quantum-confinement (QC) effects on silicon (Si) light source electroluminescence (EL) properties like external power efficiency (EPE) and spectral emission, nanometer-scale Si finger junctions were manufactured in a fully customized silicon-on-insulator (SOI) production technology. All spectrometer-measured thickness-confined SOI light sources displayed pronounced optical power for 600 nm &lt; &lambda; &lt; 1 &mu;m. The best thickness-confined SOI light source emitted about 24 times more optical power around &lambda; = 844 nm and exhibited an EPE improvement factor of about 21 compared to a 350 nm bulk-CMOS avalanche reference light-source operating at the same current. Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) enhancements factors of about 3.5 were attributed to carrier-confinement. The punch-through (PT) technique, which introduced breakdown voltages as low as 6 V, increased the SOI light source EPE by about a factor 2.5. It was estimated that geometric-optical improvement techniques that include Si finger surface profiling, raised the SOI light source external quantum efficiency (EQE) by about a factor 1.7. It was further shown that the SOI Si handle could be used to reflect up to about 40 % of light that would otherwise be lost due to downward radiation back up, thereby increasing the EPE of SOI light sources.
The glutathione import system satisfies the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> nutrient sulfur requirement and promotes interspecies competition (2021)

ABSTRACT Sulfur is an indispensable element for proliferation of bacterial pathogens. Prior studies indicated that the human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus utilizes glutathione (GSH) as a source of nutrient sulfur; however, mechanisms of GSH acquisition are not defined. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized five-gene locus comprising a putative ABC-transporter and γ–glutamyl transpeptidase ( ggt ) that promotes S. aureus proliferation in medium supplemented with either reduced or oxidized GSH (GSSG) as the sole source of nutrient sulfur. Based on these phenotypes, we name this transporter the G lutathione i mport s ystem (GisABCD). We confirm that Ggt is capable of cleaving GSH and GSSG γ–bonds and that this process is required for their use as nutrient sulfur sources. Additionally, we find that the enzyme is cell associated. Bioinformatic analyses reveal that only Staphylococcus species closely related to S. aureus encode GisABCD-Ggt homologues. Homologues are not detected in Staphylococcus epidermidis . Consequently, we establish that GisABCD-Ggt provides a competitive advantage for S. aureus over S. epidermidis in a GSH-dependent manner. Overall, this study describes the discovery of a nutrient sulfur acquisition system in S. aureus that targets GSH and promotes competition against other staphylococci commonly associated with the human microbiota.
A 348-base-pair region in the latency-associated transcript facilitates herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation (1996)

Latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoter deletion mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 have a reduced capacity to reactivate following adrenergic induction in the rabbit eye model. We have mapped a reactivation phenotype within LAT and describe the construction of recombinants in which poly(A) addition sites have been placed at intervals within the LAT region to form truncated LAT transcripts. These mutants localize the induced reactivation phenotype to the 5' end of LAT. To further define this region, we constructed a recombinant containing a 348-bp deletion located 217 bp downstream of the transcription start site of the 8.5-kb LAT. This virus, 17delta348, expresses LAT but exhibits a significantly reduced ability to reactivate following epinephrine iontophoresis into the cornea. Quantitative DNA PCR analysis reveals that 17delta 348 establishes a latent infection within rabbit trigeminal ganglia with the same efficiency as does either the rescuant or wild-type virus. The region deleted in 17delta348 encodes three potential translational initiators (ATGs) which we have mutated and demonstrated to be dispensable for epinephrine-induced reactivation. In addition, three smaller deletions within this region have been constructed and were shown to reactivate at wild-type (parent) frequencies. These studies indicate that an undefined portion of the 348-bp region is required to facilitate induced reactivation. Sequence analysis of this 348-bp region revealed a CpG island which extends into the LAT promoter and which possesses homology to conserved elements within the mouse and human XIST transcript encoded on the X chromosome. Possible implications of these elements in the regulation of LAT expression are discussed.
Controlled Carrier Generation at a Polarity-Discontinued Perovskite Heterointerface (2004)

Electronic properties of polarity-discontinued heterointerfaces between two perovskite band insulators, LaAlO 3 and SrTiO 3 , have been investigated. Various heterointerfaces with AlO 2 -LaO/TiO 2 -SrO and LaO-AlO 2 /SrO-TiO 2 termination including the mixtures of these two domains are fabricated in a single experimental run. This is accomplished by pulsed laser depositions of prescribed coverage (θ SrO ) of SrO atomic layer on TiO 2 -terminated SrTiO 3 (001) surface and successive LaAlO 3 layer, where the processes are regulated in an atomic scale by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Increasing θ SrO from 0 to 1, extra electrons density at the heterointerfaces decreases from a value, close to 0.5 electrons at one Ti site, to zero, while low temperature mobility remains above 100 cm 2 /V·s. Our result implies a way to control carrier density in polarity-discontinued heterointerfaces.