gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of fast swept source full-field OCT with conventional scanning OCT (2011)

Recently, in-vivo full field (FF) optical coherence tomography (OCT) with an ultra-high speed camera has been presented for fast in vivo retinal imaging. By parallel A-scans acquisition, imaging with 1,5 million A-scans/s was shown with an extended illumination of the retina. In this paper, the image quality of FF-OCT images will be compared to conventional scanning OCT systems. The effect of the absence of a confocal aperture leading to crosstalk between adjacent image points will be shown and an experimental analysis of the systems lateral point spread function (PSF) in dependence of depth will be given and discussed.
B. G. L. Swamy (1918–1980):A One-Man Institution (2018)

B. G. L. Swamy was an internationally acknowledged botanist, researcher, teacher, thinker, art historian, painter, cartoonist, music aficionado and above all, a gifted Kannada writer. Hence it is no exaggeration to say that he was less an individual and more a one-man institution. In this, the year of his birth centenary, we offer tribute to this truly multi-faceted personality of the last century who straddled the worlds of arts, sci-ence and literature.
Wireless 3D Point Cloud Delivery Using Deep Graph Neural Networks (2021)

In typical point cloud delivery, a sender uses octree-based and graph-based digital video compression to send three-dimensional (3D) points and color attributes. However, the digital-based schemes have an issue called the cliff effect, where the 3D reconstruction quality will be a step function in terms of wireless channel quality. To prevent the cliff effect subject to channel quality fluctuation, we have proposed a wireless point cloud delivery called HoloCast inspired by soft delivery. Although the HoloCast realizes graceful quality improvement according to instantaneous wireless channel quality, it requires large communication overheads. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for soft point cloud delivery to simultaneously realize better 3D reconstruction quality and lower communication overheads. The proposed scheme introduces an end-to-end deep learning framework based on graph neural network (GNN) to reconstruct high-quality point clouds from its distorted observation under wireless fading channels. We demonstrate that the proposed GNN-based scheme can reconstruct a clean 3D point cloud with low overheads by removing fading and noise effects.
Substrates Matter: Influence of an Adjacent Dielectric on an Individual Plasmonic Nanoparticle (2009)

Studying the plasmonic properties of metallic nanoparticles at the individual nanostructure level is critical to our understanding of nanoscale metallic systems. Here we show how the presence of a nearby dielectric substrate modifies the energies of the plasmon modes of a metallic nanoparticle. The adjacent dielectric lifts the degeneracy of the dipole plasmon modes oriented parallel and perpendicular to the substrate, introducing a significant energy splitting that depends strongly on the permittivity of the substrate. This energy splitting can easily be misinterpreted as an anomalously broadened plasmon line shape for excitation of an individual nanoparticle with unpolarized light.
3D WKB solution for fast magnetoacoustic wave behaviour around an X-line (2016)

\n Context. We study the propagation of a fast magnetoacoustic wave in a 3D magnetic field created from two magnetic dipoles. The magnetic topology contains an X-line.\n Aims. We aim to contribute to the overall understanding of MHD wave propagation within inhomogeneous media, specifically around X-lines.\n Methods. We investigate the linearised, 3D MHD equations under the assumptions of ideal and cold plasma. We utilise the WKB approximation and Charpit’s method during our investigation.\n Results. It is found that the behaviour of the fast magnetoacoustic wave is entirely dictated by the local, inhomogeneous, equilibrium Alfvén speed profile. All parts of the wave experience refraction during propagation, where the magnitude of the refraction effect depends on the location of an individual wave element within the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The X-line, along which the Alfvén speed is identically zero, acts as a focus for the refraction effect. There are two main types of wave behaviour: part of the wave is either trapped by the X-line or escapes the system, and there exists a critical starting region around the X-line that divides these two types of behaviour. For the set-up investigated, it is found that 15.5% of the fast wave energy is trapped by the X-line.\n Conclusions. We conclude that linear, β = 0 fast magnetoacoustic waves can accumulate along X-lines and thus these will be specific locations of fast wave energy deposition and thus preferential heating. The work here highlights the importance of understanding the magnetic topology of a system. We also demonstrate how the 3D WKB technique described in this paper can be applied to other magnetic configurations.\n
Medical knowledge infused convolutional neural networks for cohort selection in clinical trials (2019)

MKCNN scored 86.1% on the F1 score metric. In contrast to many of the rule-based systems introduced during the n2c2 challenge workshop, our system presents a model that heavily draws on machine-based learning. In addition, the MK representations add more value to clinical comprehension and interpretation of natural texts.
Total Therapy 2 (TT 2) for Newly Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM): Examination of Dose Effect of Thalidomide (T) among Those Randomized to T. (2004)

Abstract TT 2 has completed accrual of 668 patients as of February 2004, of whom 323 were randomized to T. All patients received intensive reduction with VAD, DCEP, CAD, DCEP, melphalan-based tandem autotransplants; consolidation chemotherapy with DPACE; and interferon maintenance. T randomization data still blinded. We report, however, on the effect of total cumulative T dosing through induction (n=185; median T dose 26g, range 0 to 100 g), tandem transplants (n=141; median T dose 33 g, range 0 to 160 g) and consolidation therapy (n=69, median T dose 74 g, range 5 to 250 g). No significant differences in T dose distribution according to quartiles at the 3 observation points existed when examined according to age, gender and prognostically potentially relevant features such as cytogenetic abnormalities, CRP, B2M, LDH and albumin. EFS and OS were then compared, according to T dosing quartiles, from first transplant, consolidation and maintenance initiation. T dose effects were not observed for the first two observation times. When considered from initiation of maintenance, there was one event among 31 patients in the 2 upper quartiles of the cumulative T dose compared to 7 of 35 for the 2 lower quartiles (p=.02). We conclude that, among patients randomized to the T arm of TT 2, cumulative dosing does not reveal an effect until after consolidation therapy, probably attesting to the marked efficacy of the cytotoxic components of TT 2. Figure Figure
The Role of Microsatellites as a Prognostic Factor in Primary Malignant Melanoma (2005)

The presence of microsatellites is intimately tied to other markers of melanoma aggressiveness. Microsatellites appear to predict locoregional relapse and RFS but neither distant metastasis nor OS. These results may have implications for patient care as well as the inclusion of microsatellites in stage III of the current classification.
Mechanical properties of diamond thin films (1992)

AbstractAbstractThe mechanical properties of diamond films deposited via hot filament chemical vapour deposition have been determined using a range of techniques, and related to the composition and morphology of the diamond films as determined by laser Raman spectroscopy. As the quality of the film increases, its hardness (as determined by the volume law of mixtures hardness model) also increases until it is larger than values often reported for polycrystalline bulk material, a consequence of the very small grain size in the films. Coating adhesion, as determined from indentation adhesion tests, also appears to improve with coating quality. Variations in the behaviour of the friction coefficient between diamond films and diamond and steel counterfaces are less well defined, but it appears that the surface morphology of the film is important in dictating the behaviour rather than the quality of the diamond. These results are discussed in the context of the potential use of diamond coatings in tribological applications.MST/1695
Pulmonary vein isolation treats symptomatic AF in a patient with Lamin A/C mutation: case report and review of the literature (2020)

Background!#!The admission of patients with minor injuries, such as contusions is a regular practice in acute care hospitals. The pathophysiological changes resulting from the accident are seldom the primary reason for hospitalization. The aim of this retrospective monocentric study was therefore to examine the etiology as well as the cost-causing factors and refinancing on admission.!##!Methods!#!Patients were identified due to a retrospective query in the hospital information system (HIS) according to the ICD-10 German modification codes at discharge. A total of 117 patients were enrolled over a period of 2 years. The classification was carried out according to the accident mechanism and the division into age groups. In addition, the cost calculation was based on department and clinic-specific daily rates.!##!Results!#!In terms of etiology low impact falls in the domestic environment were the most common cause (48.7%), followed by high-energy trauma (22.8%). Within the group with domestic falls, the mean age was 77.8 years. This group also showed the longest length of stay (LOS) with 5.2 days. As part of the calculated costs, the group of domestic falls showed the highest costs of 2596.24 € with an average DRG cost revenue of 1464.51 €.!##!Discussion!#!The evaluation of the clinic internal data confirmed the subjective perception that the majority of patients admitted with the diagnosis of contusions came from the age group &amp;gt;65 years. Admission is primarily based on the increasing comorbidities and to avert secondary diseases and the consequences of immobilization. It could also be shown that the resulting costs are relevant to health economics and that the treatment does not appear to cover the costs.
Age-Minimal Transmission for Energy Harvesting Sensors with Finite\n Batteries: Online Policies (2018)

An energy-harvesting sensor node that is sending status updates to a\ndestination is considered. The sensor is equipped with a battery of finite size\nto save its incoming energy, and consumes one unit of energy per status update\ntransmission, which is delivered to the destination instantly over an\nerror-free channel. The setting is online in which the harvested energy is\nrevealed to the sensor causally over time, and the goal is to design status\nupdate transmission policy such that the long term average age of information\n(AoI) is minimized. AoI is defined as the time elapsed since the latest update\nhas reached at the destination. Two energy arrival models are considered: a\nrandom battery recharge (RBR) model, and an incremental battery recharge (IBR)\nmodel. In both models, energy arrives according to a Poisson process with unit\nrate, with values that completely fill up the battery in the RBR model, and\nwith values that fill up the battery incrementally, unit-by-unit, in the IBR\nmodel. The key approach to characterizing the optimal status update policy for\nboth models is showing the optimality of renewal policies, in which the\ninter-update times follow a specific renewal process that depends on the energy\narrival model and the battery size. It is then shown that the optimal renewal\npolicy has an energy-dependent threshold structure, in which the sensor sends a\nstatus update only if the AoI grows above a certain threshold that depends on\nthe energy available. For both the RBR and the IBR models, the optimal\nenergy-dependent thresholds are characterized explicitly, i.e., in closed-form,\nin terms of the optimal long term average AoI. It is also shown that the\noptimal thresholds are monotonically decreasing in the energy available in the\nbattery, and that the smallest threshold, which comes in effect when the\nbattery is full, is equal to the optimal long term average AoI.\n
Effect of grafted poly [2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)] on tribological properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) (2019)

2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymers have good biocompatibility and hydrophilicity because the function of the phospholipid polar groups of MPC side-chain is similar to the natural articular cartilage. MPC has a potential application on surface modification of artificial joints. In this research, MPC was grafted on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) by the photo-induced graft polymerization to form poly 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (PMPC) layer. The microstructure of PMPC layer was studied by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (ATR) equipment, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface wettability of PMPC layer was evaluated by the contact angle test. The wear resistance of MPC modified UHMWPE was evaluated by the wear test. The results show that the PMPC layer has a good lubricating effect and it can reduce the friction coefficient effectively. The benzophenone pretreatment time is an important factor in the graft stability of MPC.
Multilevel Lasso applied to Virtual Metrology in semiconductor manufacturing (2011)

In semiconductor manufacturing, the state of the art for wafer quality control is based on product monitoring and feedback control loops; the related metrology operations, that usually involve scanning electron microscopes, are particularly cost-intensive and time-consuming. It is therefore not possible to evaluate every wafer: commonly, a small subset of a productive lot is measured at the metrology station and delegated to represent the whole lot. Virtual Metrology (VM) methodologies aim to obtain reliable estimates of metrology results without actually performing measurement operations; this goal is usually achieved by means of statistical models, linking process data and context information to target measurements. In this paper, we tackle two of the most important issues in VM: (i) regression in high dimensional spaces where few variables are meaningful, and (ii) data heterogeneity caused by inhomogeneous production and equipment logistics. We propose a hierarchical framework based on ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -penalized machine learning techniques and solved by means of multitask learning strategies. The proposed methodology is validated on actual process and measurement data from the semiconductor manufacturing industry.
Addressing the difficulties in using inductive methods to evaluating human body composition. (2002)

Cet expose decrit les difficultes et les solutions dans la mise en oeuvre de la technique de mesure par induction electromagnetique pour determiner la composition corporelle. Les difficultes rencontrees dans la mise en oeuvre de cette technique sont abordees de facon theorique et experimentale en utilisant une approche de mesure inductive basee sur les guides d'ondes helicoidales resonnant a effet selfique (SHHW). Le principe de mesure et les differences avec la technique TOBEC sont decrits. A la suite, une etude d'experimentation sur les fantomes a souleve des questions sur la nature de l'interaction entre cet effet electromagnetique et le sujet. Cet aspect a ete traite en utilisant un modele theorique simple. Les resultats obtenus qualitativement sont en correspondance avec les donnees obtenues experimentalement. Dans ce document sont egalement decrits les premiers resultats des etudes cliniques qui ont ete interpretes a la lumiere des conclusions precedentes. Le travail realise a permis d'obtenir un eclairage sur la facon de concevoir des systemes de mesure inductive pour evaluer la composition corporelle. Les mesures inductives sont sensibles a la repartition aussi bien qu'a la quantite de tissus biologiques conducteurs de l'electricite, une moyenne globale reste un index assez mediocre pour etablir des correlations fiables. En general, les systemes de bobines interferent avec la cible (le sujet) au travers de differents mecanismes bases sur l'effet inductif et capacitif De ces effets, l'interaction a caractere purement inductif recherche peut rester marginale. Nous proposons de s'affranchir de cette difficulte en utilisant des bobines de tailles reduites, soigneusement blindees couplees a une electronique de mesure sensible. Les bobines de faibles dimensions presentent l'avantage d'etre realisees plus facilement et de controler l'effet parasite du couplage capacitif. Il est egalement possible d'avoir une information spatiale et d'augmenter le nombre total de mesures sur lesquelles sera basee l'analyse predictive de la composition corporelle. Un avantage supplementaire de cette approche est qu'elle beneficie de la diminution actuelle du cout informatique sachant que les mesures de bases peuvent etre analysees en utilisant un logiciel de modelisation sophistique et des methodes d'analyses multivariables. Les differents aspects traitant de la conception du capteur, l'electronique de mesure pour l'analyse tomographique seront presentes, ainsi que des premiers resultats obtenus experimentalement en utilisant des fantomes.
Stockwell Transform Detector For Photoplethysmography Signal Segmentation (2018)

Real-time embedded analysis of physiologic waveforms is critical to predict impending pathophysiology. While electrocardiogram (ECG) data is often analyzed to assess cardiovascular disease, there is recent evidence that photoplethysmography (PPG) can track blood loss and thereby alert to hypovolemia. In this work we present a Stockwell transform inspired filter bank to segment PPG waveforms. The Stockwell transform allows for computationally efficient frequency analysis. The proposed Stockwell filter bank utilizes a sparse time-frequency spectrum and is coupled to the Shannon energy envelope to extract PPG peaks. Finally, we demonstrate that the described method is tolerant to the presence of additive Gaussian noise.
Semantic Models as a Combination of Free Association Norms and Corpus-Based Correlations (2013)

We present computational models capable of understanding and conveying concepts based on word associations. We discover word associations automatically using corpus-based semantic models with Wikipedia as the corpus. The best model effectively combines corpus-based models with preexisting databases of free association norms gathered from human volunteers. We use this model to play human-directed and computer-directed word guessing games (games with a purpose similar to Catch Phrase or Taboo) and show that this model can measurably convey and understand some aspect of word meaning. The results highlight the fact that human-derived word associations and corpus-derived word associations can play complementary roles in semantic models.
Stepwise Hydration and Multibody Deprotonation with Steep Negative Temperature Dependence in the Benzene<sup>•+</sup>−Water System (2004)

We studied the stepwise hydration and solvent-mediated deprotonation of the benzene*+ cation (Bz*+) and found several unusual features. The solvent binding energies DeltaH on-1,n for the reactions Bz*+(H2O)n-1 + H2O --> Bz*+(H2O)n are nearly constant at 9 +/- 1 kcal mol-1 for n = 1 to 8. We observed a remarkable sudden decrease in the entropy of association accompanying the formation of Bz*+(H2O)7 and Bz*+(H2O)8, indicating strong orientational restraint in the hydration shells of these clusters consistent with the formation of cagelike structures. We observed the size-dependent deprotonation of Bz*+ in a cooperative multibody process, where n H2O molecules (n >/= 4) can remove a proton from Bz*+ to form protonated water clusters. We measured, for the first time, the temperature dependence of such a process and found a negative temperature coefficient of a magnitude unprecedented in any chemical reaction, of the form k = AT-67+/- 4, or in an Arrhenius form having an activation energy of -34 +/- 1 kcal mol-1. The temperature effect may be explained by Bz*+ and four H2O molecules needing to be assembled from gas-phase components to form the reactive species. Such large temperature effects may be therefore general in solvent cluster-mediated reactions.
Longitudinal change in cognitive performance among individuals with mild cognitive impairment. (2007)

The authors used mixed-effects growth models to examine longitudinal change in neuropsychological performance over a 4-year period among 197 individuals who were either normal or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline. At follow-up, the participants were divided into 4 groups: (a) controls: participants who were normal at both baseline and follow-up (n = 33), (b) stables: participants with MCI whose Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) score did not differ between the first and last evaluations (n = 22), (c) decliners: participants with MCI whose CDR-SB score declined between the first and last evaluations (n = 95), and (d) converters: participants who received a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease during the follow-up period (n = 47). Only the Episodic Memory factor showed a significantly greater rate of decline over the follow-up period among the converters. Two other factors were significantly lower in converters at baseline in comparison with other groups (the executive function factor and the general knowledge factor), but the rate of decline over time did not differ. Individuals with an APOE epsilon4 allele scored lower on the episodic memory and executive function factors at baseline.
C–N and C–O Bond Formation in Copper-Catalyzed/Mediated sp<sup>3</sup> C–H Activation: Mechanistic Studies from Experimental and Computational Aspects (2020)

Mechanistic studies on Cu-catalyzed/mediated sp<sup>3</sup> C-H amidation and acetoxylation are investigated from experimental and computational aspects. The concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism rather than a radical-involved pathway is proved to occur in amidation and acetoxylation reactions, and this is the rare example of the CMD mechanism involved in the more challenging sp<sup>3</sup> C-H activations. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that CMD is the rate-determining step either for methylic or benzylic positions in amidation and acetoxylation reactions, and intermolecular nucleophilic addition of acetate anions is more favorable than the ring opening of β-lactams and intramolecular acetoxylation. These mechanistic studies on the divergent and condition-dependent product formation are critical for developing Cu-promoted C-H functionalization via the CMD mechanism.