gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Aromatic Hydroxylation with Dioxygen and Simple Copper Imine Complexes (2015)

The formation of a bis(μ-oxido)dicopper complex with the ligand 2-(diethylaminoethyl)-6-phenylpyridine (PPN) and its subsequent hydroxylation of the pendant phenyl group (studied earlier by Holland et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.- 1999, 38, 1139-1142) has been reinvestigated to gain a better understanding of such systems in view of the development of new synthetic applications. To this end, we prepared a simple copper imine complex system that also affords selective o-hydroxylation of aromatic aldehydes by using dioxygen as the oxidant: Applying the ligand N'-benzylidene-N,N-diethylethylenediamine (BDED), salicylaldehyde was prepared in good yields and we show that this reaction also occurs through an intermediate bis-μ-oxido copper complex. The underlying reaction mechanism for the PPN-supported complex was studied at the BLYP-D/TZVP level of density functional theory and the results for representative stationary points along reaction paths of the BDED-supported complex reveal a closely related mechanistic scenario. The results demonstrate a new facile synthetic way to introduce OH groups into aromatic aldehydes.
Unified performance analysis of maximal ratio combining in η - μ, λ - μ and κ - μ generalized fading channels (2014)

This paper introduces novel performance analysis for the recently introduced generalized fading models, namely the η-μ, λ-μ and κ-μ distributions. These generalized fading enclose the Rice, the Hoyt, the Rayleigh the Nakagami-m, and the One-Sided Gaussian as special cases. Novel unified and generic simple expressions for the Average Channel Capacity and the Average Error Rates in Additive White Generalized Gaussian Noise, that includes the AWGN, the Laplacian, the Gamma, and the impulsive noise as special cases, are developed deploying multichannel Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) receiver. The unified expressions are based on new generalized Q-function and log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (1+γ) approximations. Published results from the technical literature as well as Monte Carlo simulations corroborate the generality and accuracy of the derived unified expressions under the different test scenarios.
Brittle to Ductile Transition in Cleavage Fracture of Alpha-Iron: Experiments and Modeling of Mechanisms (2002)

Abstract : In this research the mechanisms of the brittle to dud tile transition of fracture initiated primarily by crack tip processes under both quasi-static as well as dynamic conditions was studied experimentally, and mechanistically modeled. Additional experiments and modeling included the role of grain boundaries in resisting cleavage cracking among grains in Fe-3%Si alloy, also associated with modeling.
Crystal structure of benzyl 2-(3-methyl-2-(p-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-cyclopropyl)acetate, C21H19F3O3 (1999)

C21H19F3O3, triclinic, PI (No. 2), a = 7.934(4) , b = 20.525(6) , c = 5.642(2) , = 91.10(3), = 91.58(4), = 87.29(3), V= 917.2 3 , = 2, R & (F) = 0.066, Rfi(F) = 0.064, T= 293 .
A Small Size 3 dB 0°/180° Microstrip Ring Couplers (2003)

New small size 3dB microstrip ring couplers suitable for microwave integrated circuits (MICs) and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) are presented. Area saving more than 85% of that of the conventional ring coupler can be achieved using the proposed configurations. Small size couplers based on the proposed configurations and designed at 900MHz have been implemented on RT/duroid 5880 dielectric material. The theoretical and experimental results show favorable comparison.
Quasi-linearly polarized hybrid modes in tapered and metal-coated tips with circular apertures: understanding the functionality of aperture tips (2017)

In this study, we investigate analytically and experimentally the roles of quasi-linearly polarized (LP), hybrid, plasmonic and photonic modes in optical detection and excitation with aperture tips in scanning near-field optical microscopy. Aperture tips are tapered and metal-coated optical fibers where small circular apertures are made at the apex. In aperture tips, there exist plasmonic modes that are bound at the interface of the metal cladding to the inner dielectric fiber and photonic modes that are guided in the area of the increased index in the dielectric fiber core. The fundamental photonic mode, although excited by the free-space Gaussian beam, experiences cutoff and turns into an evanescent mode. The photonic mode also becomes lossier than the plasmonic mode toward the tip aperture, and its power decay due to absorption and reflection is expected to be at least 10 −9 . In contrast, the fundamental plasmonic mode has no cutoff and thus reaches all the way to the tip aperture. Due to the non-adiabaticity of both modes’ propagations through the taper below a core radius of 600 nm, there occurs coupling between the modes. The transmission efficiency of the plasmonic mode, including the coupling efficiency and the propagation loss, is expected to be about 10 −6 that is at least 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of the photonic mode. Toward the tip aperture, the longitudinal field of the photonic mode becomes stronger than the transverse ones while the transverse fields always dominate for the plasmonic mode. Experimentally, we obtain polarization resolved images of the near-field at the tip aperture and compare with the x - and y -components of the fundamental quasi-LP plasmonic and photonic modes. The results show that not only the pattern but also the intensity ratios of the x - and y -components of the aperture near-field match with that of the fundamental plasmonic mode. Consequently, we conclude that only the plasmonic mode reaches the tip aperture and thus governs the near-field interaction outside the tip aperture. Our conclusion remains valid for all aperture tips regardless of the cladding metal type that mainly influences the total transmission efficiency of the aperture tip.
On the use of a chirped Bragg grating as a cavity mirror of a picosecond Nd : YAG laser (2016)

The first experimental evidence is presented that the use of a chirped volume Bragg grating (CVBG) as a cavity mirror of a Q-switched picosecond Nd : YAG laser with self-mode-locking leads to significant changes in the temporal parameters of the laser output. Measurements have been performed at two positions of the CVBG: with the grating placed so that shorter wavelengths reflected from its front part lead longer wavelengths or with the grating rotated through 180°, so that longer wavelengths are reflected first. In the former case, the duration of individual pulses in a train increased from ~35 to ~300 ps, whereas the pulse train shape and duration remained the same as in the case of a conventional laser with a mirror cavity. In the latter case, the full width at half maximum of pulse trains increased from ~70 ns (Nd : YAG laser with a mirror cavity) to ~1 ms, and the duration of individual pulses increased from 35 ps to ~1.2 ns, respectively, which is more typical of free-running laser operation.
Contactless Linear Electromechanical Actuator: Experimental Verification of the Improved Design (2009)

This paper describes ways to overcome the major applicability limitations of a novel linear electromechanical actuator. Guidelines for selecting a proper soft magnetic material for a magnetic system of the actuator are presented. Conventional laminated electric steel and a soft magnetic composite material are compared based on the measured dynamic performance (up to 1000Hz) and manufacturability. A serious cross-coupling between two actuation directions of the actuator is identified and investigated. Improvements to the design are described. Experimental verification of the improved design is carried out by the two scientific groups. First measurement results show a significant (3 to 9 times) reduction of the cross-coupling.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1‐Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL), Virus Load, and CD4 T Cell Loss: Evidence Supporting a Protective Role for CTL In Vivo (1997)

The relationships between primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) frequency, virus load, and CD4 T cell loss were evaluated in a group of 46 HIV-1-infected persons with hemophilia. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in limiting dilution assays were used to measure HIV-1 Gag-specific CTL frequencies. Concurrent measurements of virus load and lymphocyte surface markers were obtained. No correlation between Gag-specific CTL frequency and concurrent CD4 cell count was observed. A significant inverse relationship was observed between HIV-1 Gag-specific CTL frequency and provirus load as measured by polymerase chain reaction. Subjects with higher CTL frequencies were found to have more stable CD4 cell counts over time. These results provide additional evidence to support the concept that the predominant role of this virus-specific cellular immune response is to limit viral replication and CD4 cell loss in HIV-1 infection.
Microvascular function regulates intestinal crypt response to radiation. (2003)

Recent evidence suggests that microvascular endothelial apoptosis represents the primary lesion in radiation damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Rescue of endothelium by depletion of acid sphingomyelinase or i.v. treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) prevented the lethal GI syndrome in C(57)Bl/6 mice. Here we show that basic FGF increased crypt survival after irradiation by 2-3 fold, with a dose modification factor at D(10) of 1.15 (P < 0.01). Basic FGF inhibited initial crypt damage, assessed by crypt shrinkage at 18-24 h, but did not significantly affect the regeneration of surviving crypts at 3.5 days after irradiation. These data suggest that microvascular function regulates expression of radiation-induced crypt stem cell clonogen damage in the evolution of radiation injury to the GI mucosa.
Low-threshold gain-guided coupled-stripe quantum well diode lasers by laser-assisted processing (1987)

The first coupled-stripe laser diodes fabricated by a laser-assisted process are reported. In this process, a focused laser beam is scanned across AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructure material to pattern a shallow resistive region in the GaAs cap layer. In this manner, the distribution of the injected current is patterned to fabricate gain-guided four-stripe diode lasers. The devices operate continuously (cw) at room temperature with a low threshold current (36 mA) and high differential quantum efficiency (80%). A maximum cw power efficiency of 48% is obtained at 350 mA. The gain-guided structure favors the lower order array modes, thus the far-field pattern is dominated by a central lobe.
Antitumor characteristics of the conjugate of N4-(4-carboxybutyryl)-ara-C with ethylenediamine-introduced dextran and its resistance to cytidine deaminase. (1990)

By oxidation of dextran, and reduction of the Schiff bases formed by reaction of the oxidised dextran with diaminoalkanes, several diaminoalkane-introduced dextrans were prepared and evaluated as drug carriers. Conjugates between N4-(4-carboxyburyryl)-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (glu-ara-C) and such drug carriers were prepared, and selected conjugates were tested in vivo, and investigated for inhibitory effects on cytidine deaminase. Ethylenediamine-introduced dextran prepared under 10% oxidation conditions was found to be most useful as a drug carrier from its chemical characteristics and toxicity evaluation in BDF1 mice. The conjugate obtained from glu-ara-C and ethylenediamine-introduced dextran 2000 showed high antitumor activity, significant at the relatively low dose of 100 mg equivalent ara-C/kg, in BDF1 mice bearing L1210 leukemia cells. Glu-ara-C and the conjugate were unaffected by cytidine deaminase under conditions in which 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine was degraded rapidly to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil.
Development of total medical material distribution management system. (1994)

Since September 1992, attempts have been made at Kagoshima University Hospital to develop the Medical Material Distribution Management System which helps to realize optimal hospital management as a subsystem of the Total Hospital Information System of Kagoshima University (THINK). As this system has been established, it has become possible for us to have an accurate grasp of the flow and stock of medical materials at our hospital. Furthermore, since September 1993, the Medical Material Distribution Management System has been improved and the Total Medical Material Distribution Management System has been smoothly introduced into the site of clinical practice. This system enables automatic demands for fees for treatment with specific instruments and materials covered by health insurance. It was difficult to predict the effect of this system, because no similar system had been developed in Japan. However, more satisfactory results than expected have been obtained since its introduction.
Development of Mass Spectrometry Selected Reaction Monitoring Method for Quantitation and Pharmacokinetic Study of Stepharine in Rabbit Plasma (2014)

Highly sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method on triple quadrupole (QQQ) mass spectrometer was successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study of stepharine in rabbit plasma. Specific ion transitions of stepharine protonated precursor ion were selected and recorded in the certain retention time employing dynamic selected reaction monitoring mode. The developed method facilitated quantitative measurements of stepharine in plasma samples in linear range of five orders of magnitude with high accuracy and low standard deviation coefficient and pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated. The apparent volume of stepharine distribution (estimated as ratio of clearance to elimination rate constant, data not shown) allows us to assume that stepharine was extensively distributed throughout the body.
Validation of electronic prostate cancer quality-of-care measures in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). (2012)

213 Background: Quality measures based on chart abstraction are the “gold-standard,” but the costs of measurement limit widespread adoption. Electronically specified measures (e-measures) promise to change this; however, the fidelity of electronic abstraction compared to chart abstraction is unknown. We sought to validate e-measure versions of VHA-developed prostate cancer quality of care measures. Methods: Quality measures were chart abstracted on 11,263 men in the VHA with incident prostate cancer in 2008. We identified and linked VHA cancer registry and administrative data for the same cohort. E-measures were specified iteratively and validated by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of measure denominators and numerators, and the overall pass rates to chart abstracted results. Results: 3 of 6 quality measures and 7 of 10 descriptive measures were successfully validated (see Table). Conclusions: The VHA’s electronic medical record environment and information technology infrastructure are sufficiently advanced to support valid e-measurement that is equivalent to that performed by chart abstraction. [Table: see text]
The prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) antibodies in dromedary camels in Israel (2018)

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV, was identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012, and as of January 29, 2018, there were 2,123 laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases reported to WHO (WHO, 2018, https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/). Multiple studies suggest that dromedary camels are a source for human MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV-specific antibodies have been detected in the serum of dromedary camels across Northern Africa and across the Arabian Peninsula. Israel's geographic location places Israel at risk for MERS-CoV infection. To date, MERS-CoV-related illness has not been reported and the burden of MERS-CoV infection in the Israeli population is unknown. The seroprevalence of MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in Israeli dromedary camels is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MERS-CoV seropositivity in dromedary camels in Israel. The prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies in Israeli camels was examined in 71 camel sera collected from four farms across Israel by MERS-CoV-specific microneutralization (Mnt) assay and confirmed by MERS-CoV-specific immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Although this study cannot rule out potential antibody cross-reactivity by IFA, the presence of bovine coronavirus-specific antibodies do not appear to impact detection of MERS-CoV antibodies by Mnt. MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies were detectable in 51 (71.8%) camel sera, and no association was observed between the presence of neutralizing antibodies and camel age or gender. These findings extend the known range of MERS-CoV circulation in Middle Eastern camels. The high rate of MERS-CoV-specific antibody seropositivity in dromedary camels in the absence of any reported human MERS cases suggests that there is still much to be learned about the dynamics of camel-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV.
Slow‐sustained delivery of naloxone reduces typical naloxone‐induced precipitated opioid withdrawal effects in male morphine‐dependent mice (2020)

Thousands of individuals die each year from opioid-related overdoses. While naloxone (Narcan®) is currently the most widely employed treatment to reverse opioid toxicity, high or repeated doses of this antidote often lead to precipitated opioid withdrawal (POW). We hypothesized that a slow linear release of naloxone from a nanoparticle would induce fewer POW symptoms compared to high-dose free naloxone. First, we measured the acute impact of covalent naloxone nanoparticles (Nal-cNPs) on morphine-induced antinociception in the hotplate test. We found that Nal-cNP treatment blocked the antinociceptive effect of morphine within 15 min of administration. Next, we tested the impact of Nal-cNPs on POW symptoms in male morphine-dependent mice. To induce morphine dependence, mice were treated with 5 mg/kg morphine (or saline) twice-daily for six consecutive days. On day 7 mice received 5 mg/kg morphine (or saline) injections 2 hr prior to receiving treatment of either unmodified free naloxone, a high or low dose of Nal-cNP, empty nanoparticle (cNP-empty), or saline. Behavior was analyzed for 0-6 hr followed by 24 and 48 hr time points after treatment. As expected, free naloxone induced a significant increase in POW behavior in morphine-dependent mice compared to saline-treated mice upon free naloxone administration. In comparison, reduced POW behavior was observed with both doses of Nal-cNP. Side effects of Nal-cNP on locomotion and fecal boli production were measured and no significant side-effects were observed. Overall, our data show that sustained release of naloxone from a covalent nanoparticle does not induce severe POW symptoms in morphine-dependent mice.
eSPRESSO: topological clustering of single-cell transcriptomics data to reveal informative genes for spatio–temporal architectures of cells (2023)

eSPRESSO provides a novel strategy for analyzing mechanisms underlying the spatio-temporal formation of cellular organizations.
Single nanopore transport of synthetic and biological polyelectrolytes in three-dimensional hybrid microfluidic/nanofluidic devices (2009)

This paper presents a study of electrokinetic transport in single nanopores integrated into vertically stacked three-dimensional hybrid microfluidicnanofluidic structures. In these devices, single nanopores, created by focused ion beam (FIB) milling in thin polymer films, provide fluidic connection between two vertically separated, perpendicular microfluidic channels. Experiments address both systems in which the nanoporous membrane is composed of the same (homojunction) or different (heterojunction) polymer as the microfluidic channels. These devices are then used to study the electrokinetic transport properties of synthetic (i.e., polystyrene sulfonate and polyallylamine) and biological (i.e., DNA) polyelectrolytes across these nanopores using both electrical current measurements and confocal microscopy. Both optical and electrical measurements indicate that electro-osmotic transport is predominant over electrophoresis in single nanopores with d>180 nm, consistent with results obtained under similar conditions for nanocapillary array membranes.
Fabrication of Micromachined Mold Masters for 3-D, High-Aspect-Ratio Cell Culturing Scaffolds (2005)

In this paper, three approaches to micromachined mold master structures for molding of a wafer-scale bone culturing platform are compared and contrasted. The processes investigated are a silicon deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE) process, an SU-8/polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) process, and a multi-step SU-8 process. Upon comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, a wafer-scale implementation of bone cell culturing substrates is successfully demonstrated using the two-step SU-8 process, and successful duplication of hydrogels based on these molds is demonstrated.
Tau-induced focal neurotoxicity and network disruption related to apathy in Alzheimer’s disease (2018)

The present findings suggested that tau pathology in OFC may provoke focal neurotoxicity in OFC and the following disruption of the OFC-UNC network, leading to the emergence and progression of apathy in AD.
Stark Spectroscopy of Absorption and Emission of Indoline Sensitizers: A Correlation with the Performance of Photovoltaic Cells (2016)

Electric field effects on photoexcitation dynamics and electronic properties of highly efficient indoline sensitizers, DN488, D205, and DN182, embedded in PMMA films have been examined by using electroabsorption (E-A) and electrophotoluminescence (E-PL) spectroscopic techniques and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) decay measurements in the presence of electric fields. Photovoltaic performances have been also measured for devices constructed using these sensitizers. Then, field-induced quenching of PL and field-induced change in PL decay profile were observed, and it was found that these field effects, which depend on the sensitizers investigated herein, are well correlated with the trend of power conversion efficiencies of the corresponding photovoltaic cells. Electric dipole moment and molecular polarizability of these sensitizers both in the ground state (S0) and in the excited state have been calculated at the level of B3LYP/6-31G(d), and the differences of these physical parameters between S0 and the excited state thus obtained have been compared with the ones determined from the E-A and E-PL spectra. The present study of Stark spectroscopy of indoline dyes provides new insights for the exciton dissociation property and carrier mobility of organic dyes, which are important factors to understand the operation mechanism in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of procaterol: Dose proportionality after administration of single oral doses (1992)

Procaterol is a potent, orally active beta 2-agonist bronchodilator useful in the treatment of reversible bronchospastic disease. It is effective when administered as single or multiple (Q8H) 50 and 75 micrograms doses. As part of the clinical development of procaterol, the pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of single 25, 50, 75, and 100 micrograms doses were investigated in 14 healthy subjects. Serial blood samples were collected for 16 h and urine was quantitatively collected for 48 h following administration of each dose. Procaterol concentrations in plasma and urine were determined using sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay methods. Mean values for tmax, the apparent elimination rate constant, Cl/F, renal clearance, and per cent of dose excreted unchanged in urine were similar for all doses. Dose-normalized AUC, Cmax, and amount excreted unchanged in urine (Ae) were also similar across dosage levels. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of procaterol appear to be proportional to dose over the range of doses studied.