gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free Reductive Cleavage of CN and SN Bonds by Photoactivated Electron Transfer from a Neutral Organic Donor (2013)

Abstract A photoactivated neutral organic super electron donor cleaves challenging arenesulfonamides derived from dialkylamines at room temperature. It also cleaves a) ArCNR and b) ArNC bonds. This study also highlights the assistance given to these cleavage reactions by the groups attached to N in (a) and to C in (b), by lowering LUMO energies and by stabilizing the products of fragmentation.
Toward the Vision of All-Electric Vehicles in a Decade [Energy and Security] (2019)

Consumers, manufacturers, and inventors have been pondering the idea of electrifying transportation for decades, but engines on the road remain largely based on fossil fuel. Alternate technologies like hydrogen fuel cells and biofuels have been on the near horizon for years. Despite the advent of various strong policy incentives, electric vehicles (EVs) have had limited success in the market. However, a recent surge in battery technologies and other market forces have combined to pose a serious threat to the centuries-old internal combustion engine vehicles. Anticipating significant EV penetration into the transportation sector, this article discusses various aspects and key challenges of charging battery electric vehicles (BEVs).
Cooperative Surface Passivation and Hierarchical Structuring of Zeolite Beta Catalysts (2022)

We report a method to prepare core-shell zeolite beta (*BEA) with an aluminous core and an epitaxial Si-rich shell. This method capitalizes on the inherent defects in *BEA crystals to simultaneously passivate acid sites on external surfaces and increase intracrystalline mesoporosity through facile post-hydrothermal synthesis modification in alkaline media. This process creates more hydrophobic materials by reducing silanol defects and enriching the shell in silica via a combination of dealumination and the relocation of silica from the core to the shell during intracrystalline mesopore formation. The catalytic consequences of *BEA core-shells relative to conventional analogues were tested using the biomass conversion of levulinic acid and n-butanol to n-butyl levulinate as a benchmark reaction. Our findings reveal that siliceous shells and intracrystalline mesopores synergistically enhance the performance of *BEA catalysts.
Process Optimization through Designed Experiments to Achieve Consistency in Output Color of a Compounded Plastic Grade (2015)

Plastics compounders need to understand the relationship between process variables and output color and know the optimal process conditions to achieve consistency in output. Such a relationship and optimal processing conditions are investigated for a polycarbonate resin-based plastic grade using a Box-Behnken design of response surface. This study analyzes and discusses the results of designed experiments and highlights individual and combined influences on output color of three process parameters: temperature, screw speed, and feed rate. Experimental results verify the fitness of the statistical model employed. This study suggests five sets of processing conditions ensuring consistency in output color of the plastic grade.
New Delta Doping of Nitrogen for 2 Dimensionally Condensed NV Centers Using Nitrogen Terminated Diamond Followed by High Purity Diamond Growth (2019)

2019 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials ,New Delta Doping of Nitrogen for 2 Dimensionally Condensed NV Centers Using Nitrogen Terminated Diamond Followed by High Purity Diamond Growth
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REMARKS ON HIGH‐SYMMETRY MOLECULES, MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF CIS AND TRANS 3,11‐DIMETHYLDISPIRO(5,1,5,1)TETRADECAN‐7,14‐DIONE (1975)

Abstract 4‐Methyl‐cyclohexancarbonsäurechlorid (I) reagiert mit Triäthylamin zu einem Keten (II), das sofort in die beiden isomeren Spiroverbindungen (III) und (IV) übergeht.
A SURVEY OF REUSE FACILITIES (1989)

Reuse facilities help people to recall and modify their earlier activities and re-submit them to the computer. This paper surveys existing reuse facilities under three main headings: history mechanisms, adaptive systems, and programming by example. The first kind relies on temporally ordered lists of interactions, the second builds abstract models of past activities and uses them to expedite future interaction, while the third collects and generalizes more extensive sequences of activities for future reuse. A companion paper (Greenberg &amp; Witten, 1989) presents the results of a large-scale study of how users actually repeat their activities on computers and contrasts the multitude of opportunities for reuse with the relatively infrequent use of an actual history mechanism.
Engineering of bioactive nanocomplexes on dental floss for targeted gingival therapy (2022)

Periodontitis induced by chronic subgingival infection is a ubiquitous disease that causes systemic inflammatory consequences and poses a negative impact on quality of life. The disease is treated and potentially prevented by patient's self-care aimed at eliminating the oral pathogens from the region. Currently available products for interdental self-care, including dental floss and interdental brush, have limited ability to prevent the disease. Here, we report a coated dental floss thread, termed "nanofloss," which uses polyphenol-based nanocoating to functionalize the floss thread with therapeutic agents. Multiple therapeutics can be integrated into the nanofloss including antibacterial small molecules and proteins. Flossing with nanofloss-delivered therapeutic agents to the challenging subgingival region with long-term retention even against the flushing action of the oral fluid in vivo. Our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that chlorhexidine gluconate-loaded nanofloss effectively treats the subgingival infection by <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. Collectively, the nanofloss offers a promising and easily usable tool for targeted self-care of subgingival infection against periodontitis.
Quarterly Management Document – FY16, 4th Quarter, Physics-based Creep Simulations of Thick Section Welds in High Temperature and Pressure Applications (2016)

During the 4th quarter of FY16 welds in Alloy 740H were made and charactrerized. Also, cross weld creep specimens were made and creep tests were initiated in support of the creep modeling and simulation effort. Also, aging of weld material for future characterization was initiated. The creep model was evolved to describe the vacancy concentration that enables the climb of dislocations during power law creep.
Structure sensitivity of the catalytic oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride (1985)

F. Cavani, G. Centi and F. Trifirò, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 492 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000492
Ein flexibler und effizienter Zugang zu aktiven und wohldefinierten Katalysatoren des Typs [Ru(bisphosphan)(H)(solvens)3](BF4) (2001)

Einfach und effizient: Durch Protonieren von [Ru(1,2:5,6-η-cod)(η6-cot)] (cod=1,5-Cyclooctadien, cot=1,3,5-Cyclooctatrien) mit HBF4⋅Et2O und anschließende Zugabe von chiralen Bisphosphan-Liganden (=Me-DuPHOS, BINAP, Tol-BINAP, JOSIPHOS) werden die Komplexkationen [Ru()(H)(η6-cot)]+ oder [Ru()(1,2,3,4,5-η-C8H11′)]+ (C8H11′=2,4-Cyclooctadienyl; siehe Schema) erhalten. Deren Hydrierung in Lösungsmitteln (sol) wie Aceton, Methanol und THF liefert die (unter anderem) für enantioselektive Hydrierungen von Alkenen geeigneten Katalysatoren [Ru()(H)(sol)3]+.
ChemInform Abstract: A Single‐Film Electrochromic Device. (1990)

Abstract A Prussian blue (PB, KFe(Fe(CN) 6 )) film is electrochemically deposited on a glass substrate from a solution containing Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 and the film is conditioned by potentiodynamic cycling between ‐0.24 and +0.56 V in a saturated KBF 4 electrolyte.
A Correction Method for Fluorescence Reduction Using Time-Resolved Fluorometry and Spectrophotometry (1991)

A method to correct fluorescence reduction due to foreign materials and temperature using time-resolved fluorometry and spectrophotometry has been developed. The factors taken into consideration were dynamic quenching and inner filter effects on the excitation beam and the fluorescence, and the fluorescence intensity with respect to these factors was theoretically analyzed. A theoretical approach for correcting the fluorescence intensity was obtained, with the use of the fluorescence lifetime, the absorbance at the excitation wavelength, and the absorbance at the fluorescence wavelength. Since these parameters are observable, a novel method can be applied to samples in cases where foreign materials and temperature are unknown. The proposed correction method is also suitable for noncontact and remote measurements. From experiments using a UO 2 2+ ion, the proposed method was verified.
Spread of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteria in a Southwest Hospital in China (2014)

These results suggest that nosocomial infections are one of the main reasons for the spread of these resistant strains.
Chapter 1. The biology of staphylococci. (2009)

a more certain classification of staphylococci than pigment production, wherein a positive coagulase test, which con-firmed the identity of S. aureus, correlated much better with pathogenicity. Another common human pathogen is S. saprophyticus, which produces urinary tract infections in young women [2]. Staphylococcus haemolyticus is somewhat less common, but is important because it can be highly antibiotic resist-ant even to glycopeptides and linezolid [3]. Many other coagulase-negative strains (41 species identified at present) such as S. schleiferi and S. lugdunesis have been described, and they can produce a variety of nosocomial infections (reviewed by von Eiff et al. [4,5]). Morphology Staphylococci have a diameter of 0.7–1.2 µm and a Gram-
Efficient Conversion From Infrared to Red Light by Cascaded Nonlinear Optical Processes Using an Aperiodically Poled Lithium Niobate Crystal (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. E. González, L. A. Ríos, D. Yankelevich, and R. S. Cudney, "Efficient Conversion From Infrared to Red Light by Cascaded Nonlinear Optical Processes Using an Aperiodically Poled Lithium Niobate Crystal," in Nonlinear Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper NW4A.2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Fast and reliable determination of <scp><i>Escherichia coli</i></scp> susceptibility to antibiotics: Infrared microscopy in tandem with machine learning algorithms (2019)

Antimicrobial drugs have an important role in controlling bacterial infectious diseases. However, the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has become a global health care problem. Rapid determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates is often crucial for the optimal antimicrobial therapy. The conventional methods used in medical centers for susceptibility testing are time-consuming (>2 days). Two bacterial culture steps are needed, the first is used to grow the bacteria from urine on agar plates to determine the species of the bacteria (~24 hours). The second culture is used to determine the susceptibility by growing colonies from the first culture for another 24 hours. Here, the main goal is to examine the potential of infrared microscopy combined with multivariate analysis, to reduce the time it takes to identify Escherichia coli susceptibility to antibiotics and to determine the optimum choice of antibiotic to which the bacteria will respond. E coli colonies of the first culture from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) were examined for the bacterial susceptibility using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). Our results show that it is possible to determine the optimum choice of antibiotic with better than 89% sensitivity, in the time span of few minutes, following the first culture.
Switching adhesion forces by crossing the metal–insulator transition in Magnéli-type vanadium oxide crystals (2011)

Magnéli-type vanadium oxides form the homologous series V(n)O(2) (n) (-1) and exhibit a temperature-induced, reversible metal-insulator first order phase transition (MIT). We studied the change of the adhesion force across the transition temperature between the cleavage planes of various vanadium oxide Magnéli phases (n = 3 … 7) and spherical titanium atomic force microscope (AFM) tips by systematic force-distance measurements with a variable-temperature AFM under ultrahigh vacuum conditions (UHV). The results show, for all investigated samples, that crossing the transition temperatures leads to a distinct change of the adhesion force. Low adhesion corresponds consistently to the metallic state. Accordingly, the ability to modify the electronic structure of the vanadium Magnéli phases while maintaining composition, stoichiometry and crystallographic integrity, allows for relating frictional and electronic material properties at the nano scale. This behavior makes the vanadium Magnéli phases interesting candidates for technology, e.g., as intelligent devices or coatings where switching of adhesion or friction is desired.
Real-time synthetic aperture imaging: opportunities and challenges (2006)

Synthetic aperture (SA) ultrasound imaging has not been introduced in commercial scanners mainly due to the computational cost associated with the hardware implementation of this imaging modality. SA imaging redefines the term beamformed line. Since the acquired information comes from all points in the region of interest it is possible to beamform the signals along a desired path, thus, improving the estimation of blood flow. The transmission of coded excitations makes it possible to achieve higher contrast and larger penetration depth compared to "conventional" scanners. This paper presents the development and implementation of the signal processing stages employed in SA imaging: compression of received data acquired using codes, and beamforming. The goal was to implement the system using commercially available field programmable gate arrays. The compression filter operates on frequency modulated pulses with duration of up to 50 mus sampled at 70 MHz. The beamformer can process data from 256 channels at a pulse repetition frequency of 5000 Hz and produces 192 lines of 1024 complex samples in real time. The lines are described by their origin, direction, length and distance between two samples in 3D. This parametric description makes it possible to quickly change the image geometry during scanning, thus enabling adaptive imaging and precise flow estimation. The paper addresses problems such as large bandwidth and computational load and gives the solutions that have been adopted for the implementation.
&lt;title&gt;Transport-theory-based reconstruction algorithm for optical tomography&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

Currently available image reconstruction schemes for photon migration tomography are based on the diffusion approximation for light propagation in turbid media. We have shown in previous works that these schemes fail to describe the light propagation in very low scattering media such as the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain or the synovial fluid of finger joints. Therefore, we have developed a reconstruction algorithm that is based on the equation of radiative transfer. This equation describes the photon propagation in turbid media most accurately without any assumptions regarding the optical properties. Analytical solutions for complex geometries and heterogeneous media are not available. Thus, a numerical method is considered, which is based on a finite-difference formulation of the time-dependent transport equation. The reconstruction code consists of three major parts: (1) a forward model based that predicts detector readings based on the equation of radiative transfer , (2) an objective function that describes the differences between the measured and the predicted data, and (3) an updating scheme that uses the gradient of the objective function to perform a line minimization to get new guesses of the optical properties. Based on a new guess of the optical properties a new forward calculation is performed. The reconstruction process is completed when the minimum of the objective function is found.
Inhibiting Tomato Ripening with 1-Methylcyclopropene (2004)

The capacity for 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to inhibit color change and firmness loss and alter aroma profiles for tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit was evaluated as a function of 1-MCP concentration, multiple and continuous applications, and stage of ripeness. In addition, the relationship between external and internal fruit color and firmness was determined. 1-MCP reduced the rate of red color development in fruit of all stages of ripeness. A single application of 1-MCP delayed color development by ≈ days. A second application of 1-MCP 10 days after first treatment additionally delayed color development of mature green fruit by another 8 to 10 days. Continuous 1-MCP application completely inhibited color development of breaker and half-ripe fruit for the duration (34 days) of application, but only partially inhibited firmness loss. When fruit at 50% color development were treated with 1-MCP, gel color development tended to lag behind the external fruit color change compared to nontreated fruit. Some aroma volatiles were affected by 1-MCP applied at the mature green and breaker stages, but the effect was relatively minor; 1-MCP did not affect sugar or titratable acid levels in these fruit. Collectively, the data indicate 1-MCP caused minor shifts in the quality attributes of locule color, aroma, and firmness relative to external color, which may reduce the value of this treatment, but benefits accrued by slowed firmness loss and color development may afford sufficient compensation to make 1-MCP application commercially feasible.
PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTIC SU-2 COMPLEX BY A 2-DEOXYSTREPTAMINE IDIOTROPH OF MICROMONOSPORA SAGAMIENSIS (1982)

A 2-deoxystreptamine idiotrophic mutant of Micromonospora sagamiensis, KY 11509, was found to produce unknown antibacterial substances, which were named SU-2 complex. Each component, SU-1, SU-2 and SU-3 were isolated from a culture broth of KY 11509. Chromatographic data suggested that these components were new antibiotics. The antibiotics exhibited potent and broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The amount of SU-1, SU-2 and SU-3 production reached their maximum level (197, 82 and 58 micrograms/liter, respectively) in 3 to 4 days. Addition of cobalt chloride markedly stimulated SU-1 production but suppressed SU-2 and SU-3 production. Isolation of a mutant possessing a higher productivity of SU-2 complex is also described.
Networked architecture for hybrid electrical energy storage systems (2012)

A hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) system that consists of multiple, heterogeneous electrical energy storage (EES) elements is a promising solution to achieve a cost-effective EES system because no storage element has ideal characteristics. The state-of-the-art HEES systems are based on a shared-bus charge transfer interconnect (CTI) architecture. Consequently, they are quite limited in scalability which is a function of the number of EES banks. This paper is the first introduction of a HEES system based on a networked CTI architecture, which is highly scalable and is capable of accommodating multiple, concurrent charge transfers. The paper starts by presenting a router architecture for the networked CTI and an effective on-line routing algorithm for multiple charge transfers. In the proposed algorithm, negotiated congestion (NC) routing for multiple charge transfers is performed and any lack of routing resources is addressed by merging two or more charge transfers while maximizing the overall energy efficiency by setting the optimal voltage level for the shared CTI. Examples of the proposed networked CTI are presented and the efficacy of the routing algorithm is demonstrated on a mesh-grid networked CTI.
Volume-imaging UHF radar measurement of atmospheric turbulence (2002)

The Turbulent Eddy Profiler (TEP) is a volume-imaging 915 MHz radar designed for atmospheric boundary layer turbulence studies. TEP is a pulsed, phased-array radar using digital beamforming techniques to provide four-dimensional images of refractive index fluctuations and wind vectors on grid scales comparable to those of large-eddy simulations. During October 1999, TEP was deployed during the Cooperative Atmospheric Surface Exchange Study (CASES'99) held near Wichita, KS. The authors present observations from this experiment which focused on the evolution and dynamics of the stably-stratified nocturnal boundary layer. Unlike the convective boundary layer, radar echoes are characterized by intermittent bursts of shear-induced turbulence. The scales of turbulence features are generally smaller than the resolution of the UHF radar. This is demonstrated by comparison with a co-located S-band FMCW radar. Estimation of turbulence intensity is also complicated by the presence of significant bird and insect scatter.
Suppression of Virus Accumulation in Transgenic Plants Exhibiting Silencing of Nuclear Genes. (1996)

Homology-dependent gene silencing contributes to variation between transgenic plants with respect to transgene and/or endogenous gene expression levels. Recent studies have linked post-transcriptional gene silencing and virus resistance in plants expressing virus-derived transgenes. Using a potato virus X vector, we present three examples in which silencing of nonviral transgenes prevented virus accumulation. This effect was dependent on sequence homology between the virus and the silenced transgene. Analysis of potato virus X derivatives carrying bacterial [beta]-glucuronidase (GUS) sequences showed that the 3[prime] region of the GUS coding sequence was a target of the silencing mechanism in two independent tobacco lines. Methylation of the silenced GUS transgenes in these lines was also concentrated in the 3[prime] region of the GUS coding sequence. Based on this concurrence, we propose a link between the DNA-based transgene methylation and the RNA-based gene silencing process.
Nanodiagnostics and Nanodelivery Applications in Genetic Alterations (2018)

This article outlines and discusses the recent progress in nanotechnology and its potential applications in HDs. It is a pivotal field for research and innovation in healthcare, with emphasis on diagnostics, disease monitoring, biomarker assaying and drug delivery. We underlined the nanomethod's capacity to identify genetic alterations and the follow up of important aspects of the disease course, including therapies. We extensively described the new field of nanodelivery for experimental drugs, focusing on new genetic therapies and their implications in hereditary disorders. We also detailed innovative tools as artificial tissues based on nanomatrices and their use to identify or study genetic alterations.
3-O-Methylrhamnose: Identification and Distribution in Catellatospora Species and Related Actinomycetes (1989)

3-0-methylrhamnose was found in cell walls of Catellatospora ferruginea. This sugar was purified and identified by proton and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy, using the acetylation method. It is localized in the cell wall fraction and occurs at a constant ratio among the cell wall sugars when various carbon sources are used for growth. 3-O-methylrhamnose was found in nine strains of Catellatospora species containing MK-10 as the major menaquinone, but not in nine strains containing MK-9. Among 22 type strains of genera related to Catellatospora (Actinoplanes, Amorphosphorangium, Ampullariella, Dactylosporangium, Micromonospora, Glycomyces, and “Catenuloplanes”), 4 strains contained only trace quantities, and the remainder contained none. Thus, we propose that 3-O-methylrhamnose is a key sugar in the chemotaxonomy of the genes Catellatospora.