gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation between cell‐mediated immunity and degree of infection in subjects living in an endemic area of schistosomiasis (1993)

Cell-mediated immunity to Schistosoma mansoni antigens, unrelated antigens and mitogens was evaluated in 50 subjects with the same degree of exposure to infection living in an endemic area of schistosomiasis. The degree of infection, assessed by the number of eggs/g of stool, was variable in this population (0-5604), suggesting differences in susceptibility to infection. Absence of lymphoproliferative response was observed in 56% of this group, despite having a response to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) and tetanus toxoid (TT) antigens and to pokeweed mitogen. The 50 subjects were divided into two groups, according to their degree of infection. The lymphoproliferative responses to schistosomula and adult worm antigens in the group with a low degree of infection (< 400 eggs/g of stool) were higher than the ones documented in patients with a high degree of infection (> 400 eggs/g of stool), and these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). An inverse correlation between the lymphocyte proliferation in response to S. mansoni antigens and the degree of infection was also observed (p = 0.02), indicating that subjects with a lower degree of infection have a higher lymphoproliferative response to schistosomula and adult worm antigens. No differences in the lymphocyte reactivity to other antigens (PPD and TT) were detected in these groups. An impairment of interferon-gamma in vitro production was observed when the lymphocytes from these subjects were stimulated with S. mansoni adult worm antigen, although they produced gamma interferon in response to phytohemagglutinin.
Enabling Precision Agriculture Through Embedded Sensing With Artificial Intelligence (2019)

Artificial intelligence (AI) has smoothly penetrated in a number of monitoring and control applications including agriculture. However, research efforts toward low-power sensing devices with fully functional AI on board are still fragmented. In this article, we present an embedded system enriched with the AI, ensuring the continuous analysis and in situ prediction of the growth dynamics of plant leaves. The embedded solution is grounded on a low-power embedded sensing system with a graphics processing unit (GPU) and is able to run the neural network-based AI on board. We use a recurrent neural network (RNN) called the long short-term memory network (LSTM) as a core of AI in our system. The proposed approach guarantees the system autonomous operation for 180 days using a standard Li-ion battery. We rely on the state-of-the-art mobile graphical chips for “smart” analysis and control of autonomous devices. This pilot study opens up wide vista for a variety of intelligent monitoring applications, especially in the agriculture domain. In addition, we share with the research community the Tomato Growth data set.
Host genetic variation guides hepacivirus clearance, chronicity, and liver fibrosis in mice (2023)

These models recapitulate many aspects of HCV infection in humans and demonstrate that host genetic variation affects a multitude of viruses and host phenotypes. These models can be used to better understand the molecular mechanisms that drive hepacivirus clearance and chronicity, the virus and host interactions that promote chronic disease manifestations like liver fibrosis, therapeutic and vaccine performance, and how these factors are affected by host genetic variation.
Metal–organic framework@SiO<sub>2</sub> as permselective separator for lithium–sulfur batteries (2018)

The shuttling of polysulfides between the electrodes in a lithium–sulfur battery (Li–S) system remains a challenge to be addressed in order to realize the full potential of this promising technology.
Growth and toxicity characteristics of two strains of Ostreopsis ovata (Dinophyceae). (2008)

Two cultured strains of Ostreopsis ovata (Dinophyceae), one from the Adriatic and one from the Tyrrhenian Sea, resulted to have similar growth rate and different cell volumes.Both cells and extracellular medium were toxic towards Artemia sp.nauplii. LC-MS analysis evidenced the presence of two main toxins: ovatoxin-a (92%) and a putative palitoxin (7%).
H<sub>2</sub> activation using the first 1 : 1 : 1 hetero-tri(aryl)borane (2016)

The first 1 : 1 : 1 hetero-tri(aryl)borane cleaves H<sub>2</sub> with various Lewis bases, and its electrochemistry is studied.
Homogenization of nanowire-based composites with anisotropic unit cell and layered substructure (2016)

We present a simple numerical extension to Maxwell Garnett formalism for wire materials with high filling fractions in anisotropic unit cells to describe photonic band gap behavior observed in epitaxially grown semiconductor multilayer nanowires.
Non-contact Heart Rate Measurement Based on Facial Video Taken by RGB Cameras and Its Applications (2021)

現代人は日々様々なストレスにさらされながら生活している。ストレスが慢性化すると体や心に悪影響が及ぶ危険があるため，それが大きな病気や事故につながる前に対処しなければならない。そこで，本稿では，生体光学に基づく解析により通常のRGBカメラで実現する。肌のRGB画像からメラニン，ヘモグロビン色素と陰影成分を分離し，分離されたヘモグロビン色素成分画像を利用している。また，陰影成分も分離していることから，照明変動（陰影成分の変化）にロバストな計測を実現しているため，屋内や野外における実用的なシーンにおいて今回紹介する手法は活用可能である。
Biogas desulfurization and biogas upgrading using a hybrid membrane system – modeling study (2012)

Membrane gas permeation using glassy membranes proved to be a suitable method for biogas upgrading and natural gas substitute production on account of low energy consumption and high compactness. Glassy membranes are very effective in the separation of bulk carbon dioxide and water from a methane-containing stream. However, the content of hydrogen sulfide can be lowered only partially. This work employs process modeling based upon the finite difference method to evaluate a hybrid membrane system built of a combination of rubbery and glassy membranes. The former are responsible for the separation of hydrogen sulfide and the latter separate carbon dioxide to produce standard-conform natural gas substitute. The evaluation focuses on the most critical upgrading parameters like achievable gas purity, methane recovery and specific energy consumption. The obtained results indicate that the evaluated hybrid membrane configuration is a potentially efficient system for the biogas processing tasks that do not require high methane recoveries, and allows effective desulfurization for medium and high hydrogen sulfide concentrations without additional process steps.
Thoracolumbar Fracture Classifications: Pros and Cons of the TLICS and AOSpine Classification Systems (2017)

Astolfi, Matthew M. MS; Millhouse, Paul MD, MBA; Murphy, Hamadi MS, MD; Schroeder, Greg MD; Vaccaro, Alexander R. MD, PhD, MBA Author Information
The reorganization of the human and rabbit heart in response to haemodynamic overload (1992)

A myothermal/mechanical analysis on non-failing and failing human hearts and normal and pressure overloaded rabbit hearts is reported. Heat production is partitioned into tension-dependent and tension-independent components together with force measurements to provide information about calcium and cross-bridge cycling. In the non-failing human heart the cross-bridge force-time integral is 0·51±0·06 (ns). This value is increased to 0·97±009 (P<0·05 s) in failing hearts. In control as compared to pressure-overload rabbit hearts the cross-bridge force-time integral increases from 0·36±0·02 to 0·96±0·11 (P<0·05 s). The increase in force-time integral allows the heart muscle to develop force with greater economy (less high energy phosphate hydrolysis) but at the expense of velocity and power. The amount of calcium cycled following activation in non-failing human hearts is 32·2±8·17 nmoles. g−1. -beat−1. In the failing preparations calcium cycling is reduced to 16·7± 1·72 nmoles. g−1. -beat−1. In pressure-overloaded hypertrophied, as compared with control rabbit hearts, the calcium cycled per beat is reduced from 43·0±7·3 to 17·6±3·4 nmoles. g−1. It is suggested that the alterations in cross-bridge cycling are more likely to be related to isoenzyme shifts in light chains or troponin T than to myosin isoforms. The calcium cycling changes are well correlated with changes in the sarcoplasmic reticular and sarcolemmal calcium transport proteins. The alterations in the contractile and excitation contractions coupling systems contribute to the functional changes observed in the failing human and pressure-overload rabbit hearts.
Glycine and serine catabolism in non‐photosynthetic higher plant cells: their role in C1 metabolism (1999)

Glycine and serine are two interconvertible amino acids that play an important role in C1 metabolism. Using 13C NMR and various 13C-labelled substrates, we studied the catabolism of each of these amino acids in non-photosynthetic sycamore cambial cells. On one hand, we observed a rapid glycine catabolism that involved glycine oxidation by the mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase (GDC) system. The methylenetetra- hydrofolate (CH2-THF) produced during this reaction did not equilibrate with the overall CH2-THF pool, but was almost totally recycled by the mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) for the synthesis of one serine from a second molecule of glycine. Glycine, in contrast to serine, was a poor source of C1 units for the synthesis of methionine. On the other hand, catabolism of serine was about three times lower than catabolism of glycine. Part of this catabolism presumably involved the glycolytic pathway. However, the largest part (about two-thirds) involved serine-to-glycine conversion by cytosolic SHMT, then glycine oxidation by GDC. The availability of cytosolic THF for the initial SHMT reaction is possibly the limiting factor of this catabolic pathway. These data support the view that serine catabolism in plants is essentially connected to C1 metabolism. The glycine formed during this process is rapidly oxidized by the mitochondrial GDC-SHMT enzymatic system, which is therefore required in all plant tissues.
Mining the Web for Relations between Digital Devices using a Probabilistic Maximum Margin Model (2008)

Searching and reading the Web is one of the principal methods used to seek out information to resolve problems about technology in general and digital devices in particular. This paper addresses the problem of text mining in the digital devices domain. In particular, we address the task of detecting semantic relations between digital devices in the text of Web pages. We use a Naïve Bayes model trained to maximize the margin and compare its performance with several other comparable methods. We construct a novel dataset which consists of segments of text extracted from the Web, where each segment contains pairs of devices. We also propose a novel, inexpensive and very effective way of getting people to label text data using a Web service, the Mechanical Turk. Our results show that the maximum margin model consistently outperforms the other methods. 1
Endothelial Delta-like 4 (DLL4) promotes renal cell carcinoma hematogenous metastasis (2014)

The Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4) plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis, which is required for tumor invasion and metastasis. Here we showed that DLL4 was elevated in endothelium and Notch signaling was activated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Exogenous DLL4 induced RCC cell migration and invasion by activating intercellular Notch signaling. Importantly, the DLL4/Notch/Hey1/MMP9 cascades connecting the endothelium to the cancer cells in metastasis were identified. Knockdown of Hey1 decreased expression of MMP9 and attenuated tumor invasion. The clinical investigation on 120 cases of RCC specimens indicated that expressions of Hey1 and MMP9 correlated with DLL4 density. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor hematogenous metastasis not only was depended on microvessel density but was also associated with tumor size and DLL4 density. During 4-year surveillance, high-level of DLL4 density was associated with a higher probability of developing metastasis and being sensitive to target therapies. Our data suggest that RCC progression is caused in part by activated DLL4/Notch signaling, interaction of endothelium and cells, which can be therapeutically targeted.
Longer Preoperative Duration of Symptoms Negatively Affects Health-related Quality of Life After Surgery for Cervical Radiculopathy (2018)

3.
Transition from Combustion to Variable Compression Braking (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Commercial Heavy vehicles (CHVs) are an efficient and reliable link between marine, railroad, and air transportation nodes. The vehicle braking power imposes an important constraint in the allowable vehicle speed. The compression brake augments the vehicle retarding power and is currently typically used as an on-off device by experienced drivers. Hardware and software advances allow modulation of the compression brake power through variable valve timing, and thus, enable integration of the compression brake with service brakes. To analyze how much the compression brake affects vehicle speed during braking, we develop a crank angle engine model that describes the intrinsic transient interactions between individual cylinder intake and exhaust gas process, turbocharger dynamics, and vehicle dynamics during combustion and variable brake valve timing. The model is validated using experimental data. Using system identification techniques we develop low-order mean-value models appropriate for control analysis and design.&lt;/div&gt;
Cross-Modal and Non-Sensory Influences on Auditory Streaming (2003)

Carlyon et al (2001 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 27 115-127) have reported that the buildup of auditory streaming is reduced when attention is diverted to a competing auditory stimulus. Here, we demonstrate that a reduction in streaming can also be obtained by attention to a visual task or by the requirement to count backwards in threes. In all conditions participants heard a 13 s sequence of tones, and, during the first 10 s saw a sequence of visual stimuli containing three, four, or five targets. The tone sequence consisted of twenty repeating triplets in an ABA - ABA ... order, where A and B represent tones of two different frequencies. In each sequence, three, four, or five tones were amplitude modulated. During the first 10 s of the sequence, participants either counted the number of visual targets, counted the number of (modulated) auditory targets, or counted backwards in threes from a specified number. They then made an auditory-streaming judgment about the last 3 s of the tone sequence: whether one or two streams were heard. The results showed more streaming when participants counted the auditory targets (and hence were attending to the tones throughout) than in either the 'visual' or 'counting-backwards' conditions.
i-Motif formation and spontaneous deletions in human cells (2022)

Concatemers of d(TCCC) that were first detected through their association with deletions at the RACK7 locus, are widespread throughout the human genome. Circular dichroism spectra show that d(GGGA)n sequences form G-quadruplexes when n > 3, while i-motif structures form at d(TCCC)n sequences at neutral pH when n ≥ 7 in vitro. In the PC3 cell line, deletions are observed only when the d(TCCC)n variant is long enough to form significant levels of unresolved i-motif structure at neutral pH. The presence of an unresolved i-motif at a representative d(TCCC)n element at RACK7 was suggested by experiments showing that that the region containing the d(TCCC)9 element was susceptible to bisulfite attack in native DNA and that d(TCCC)9 oligo formed an i-motif structure at neutral pH. This in turn suggested that that the i-motif present at this site in native DNA must be susceptible to bisulfite mediated deamination even though it is a closed structure. Bisulfite deamination of the i-motif structure in the model oligodeoxynucleotide was confirmed using mass spectrometry analysis. We conclude that while G-quadruplex formation may contribute to spontaneous mutation at these sites, deletions actually require the potential for i-motif to form and remain unresolved at neutral pH.
[Children and HIV/AIDS--prevention, follow up and treatment]. (2000)

At the global level, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reached dramatic proportions. According to WHO, more than 1 million children are currently living with HIV infection. In Norway (population 4.4 million), a cumulative total of only 33 children with HIV infection have been reported, making HIV/AIDS a rare disease. In view of the limited experience with HIV/AIDS among Norwegian children, strategies for the clinical management of HIV infection are discussed in light of recent guidelines from the United States and Europe. Procedures for prophylactic treatment and follow-up of children born to HIV infected mothers, and procedures and follow-up of antiretroviral treatment of HIV infected children are proposed.
Polyaniline/Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Based Triglyceride Biosensor (2010)

Abstract Nanocomposite film comprising of polyaniline (PANI) and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) has been fabricated onto indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) coated glass plate using electrophoretic technique. Co‐immobilization of glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) and lipase (LIP) has been done via N ‐ethyl‐ N′ ‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N ‐hydroxysuccinimide chemistry to explore its application for triglyceride (tributyrin) sensing. Response studies have been done using linear sweep voltammetry revealing that LIP‐GDH/PANI‐SWCNT‐TB/ITO bioelectrode can detect tributyrin in the range of 50 to 400 mg dL −1 with low Michaelis–Menten constant of 1.138 mM, improved response time of 12 s, high sensitivity as 4.28×10 −4 mA mg −1 dL and storage stability of about 13 weeks.
One step synthesis of magnetic particles covered with casein surfactant (2014)

The one-step coprecipitation method is used to obtain magnetic nanoparticles controlling the pH (10 and 12), and casein surfactant (CS) concentrations (1 % and 3 % (m/m)). CS has not been used so far for stabilizing magnetic iron oxide ferrofluids. The magnetic nanoparticles have a magnetite core with maghemite in surface, and a shell of polymer. The transmission electron images confirm the crystallinity, particle size distribution in the range of 5-10 nm, and the spinel structure of the nanoparticles. Mossbauer results at 80 K showed line shapes dominated by magnetic relaxation effects with sextets and combinations of sextets and doublets. The interactions of the surfactant with the nanoparticle surface are strong showing at least two surfactant layers. The magnetic behavior was evaluated by moment versus temperature and magnetic field measurements. The nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and blocked (irreversible) behavior at 5 K. The saturation magnetization presented lower values than reported bulk systems due to the presence of a large layer of maghemite. The FC/ZFC magnetization vs. temperature curves confirmed the superparamagnetic nature of the iron oxide particles and the strong interactions for pH 12 samples and weak interactions for pH 10 samples. The particle growth was dominated by the surface properties of the nanoparticles.  Resumen: Se usa el metodo de coprecipitacion para obtener nanoparticulas magneticas controlando el pH (10 y 12) y la concentracion del caseinato de sodio (CS) (1 % y 3 %(m/m)). CS no se ha utilizado hasta el momento para estabilizar ferrofluidos magneticos. Las particulas muestran un nucleo de magnetita, una capa de maghemita sobre el mismo, y otra capa exterior de la proteina. La microscopia electronica de transmision muestra particulas cristalinas, una distribu- cion de tamanos entre 5-10 nm, y la estructura de espinela. Los resultados Mossbauer a 80 K muestran formas de linea dominadas por efectos de relajacion magnetica. La interaccion de la proteina con la superficie de las nanoparticulas es fuerte y muestra varias capas de proteina. El comportamiento magnetico se evaluo mediante medidas termomagneticas y de momento versus campo magnetico. Estas revelaron un sistema superparamagnetico a 300 K y bloqueado a 5 K. La magnetizacion de saturacion mostro valores menores que en el volumen posiblemete debido a la presencia de la maghemita. Las medidas termomagneticas confirmaron el superparamagnetismo y mostraron que las muestras obtenidas a pH 12 presentan interacciones fuertes mientras que las de pH 10 muestran interacciones debiles. El crecimiento de las particulas fue dominado por las propiedades superficiales de las particulas.
Anomalous effects of weak chemisorption on desorption kinetics of alkenes: The desorption of propylene and propane from Ag(110) (1996)

Temperature programmed desorption (TPD), using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for absolute coverage determinations, was used to compare the desorption kinetics of weakly bound propane and propylene from Ag(110). The dependence of the activation energy on coverage was quantified by a linear relationship obtained from a leading edge analysis of the TPD curves. Whereas propane shows very weak attractive lateral interactions, propylene shows clear evidence for repulsive interactions in desorption. Weak attractive interactions are expected for both the propane and propylene based on theories of physical adsorption, since the second virial coefficients for both in the gas phase are negative below 550 K. Adsorption of propylene introduces repulsive intermolecular forces that are not present in the gas phase. We suggest that these repulsive forces originate in local interactions resulting from weak chemical bonding interactions between the surface and adsorbed propylene, which give rise to a preferred orientation of the double bond perpendicular to the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicate that two adsorption states of propylene exist on the surface simultaneously. In the high coverage region the increase in repulsive interactions gives rise to a change in the dominant binding configuration as crowding increases.
모래주머니를 이용한 팔목과 몸통의 무게 증가가 만성 뇌졸중 환자들의 보행에 미치는 영향 (2021)

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of wrist and trunk weight loading using sandbags in stroke patients in order to provide the quantitative data for enhancement of gait movement.
Method: Twelve stroke patients, who have been diagnosed with hemiplegia over a year ago, were participated in this study. All subjects were asked to perform normal walking [N], wrist sandbag walking [W], wrist & trunk sandbag walking [WT], and both wrist sandbag walking [B] and both wrist & trunk sandbag walking [BT], respectively. Eight infrared cameras were used to collect the raw data. Gait parameters, arm swing, shoulder-pelvic kinematics, and lower extremity joint angle were calculated to examine the differences during walking.
Results: As a result, there were no significant differences in the gait parameters, shoulder-pelvis, and lower extremities joint angles, but significant differences were found in the range of motion and the anteversion in arm swing.
Conclusion: Wrist and trunk weight loading using sandbags affected the movement of the upper extremities only while it did not affect the movement of the lower extremities. It implies that it can reduce the risk of falling caused by a sudden movement change in lower extremities. In addition, the wrist and trunk weight loading using sandbags can induce changes in movement of the upper extremities independently and contribute to functional rehabilitation through resistance training.