gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Annual Bluegrass (<i>Poa annua</i>) in Kentucky Bluegrass (<i>Poa pratensis</i>) Turf with Linuron (1992)

Effects of linuron on annual bluegrass control and Kentucky bluegrass cultivar tolerance were studied in field and growth chamber experiments. In controlled environment experiments, linuron at 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 kg ai ha -1 was applied to pure stands of annual bluegrass and eight Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Linuron at the two highest rates controlled annual bluegrass, reducing the clipping dry weight by more than 85% 4 wk after treatment, and by 65 to 92% 6 wk after treatment. Growth of Kentucky bluegrass was reduced with the most severe reduction occurring 2 wk after linuron application. All cultivars exhibited normal growth 8 wk after treatment. In field experiments, linuron at rates from 1.5 to 2.0 kg ai ha -1 controlled annual bluegrass in old (&gt; 5 yr) Kentucky bluegrass stands, and in 16 cultivars of 1-yr and 2-yr-old Kentucky bluegrass stands, with little or no damage. At rates of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg ai ha -1 linuron, damage to newly seeded cultivars was moderate to severe. However, 6 to 7 wk after linuron application to newly seeded cultivars, stand density and turf quality were equivalent to untreated checks.
Gasoline Wall Films and Spray/Wall Interaction Analyzed by Infrared Thermography (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Due to the principle of direct injection, which is applied in modern homogeneously operated gasoline engines, there are various operation points with significant particulate emissions. The spray droplets contact the piston surface during the warm-up and early injections, in particular. The fuel wall films and the resulting delayed evaporation of the liquid fuel is one of the main sources of soot particles. It is therefore necessary to carry out investigations into the formation of wall film. The influence of the spray impact angle is of special interest, as this is a major difference between engines with side-mounted injectors and centrally positioned injectors.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes an infrared thermography-based method, which we used to carry out a systematic study of fuel deposits on the walls of the combustion chamber. The boundary conditions of the test section were close to those of real GDI engines operated with homogeneous charge. We took the measurements under normal ambient conditions, substituting the piston by a heated plate and positioning an infrared camera underneath it. The single component fuel, n-heptane, was injected using a high-pressure multihole injector. The influence of four test parameters was examined - the wall temperature, the injection pressure, the distance between nozzle and wall and the spray impact angle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results we obtained include the heat flux at the spray impingement zone, the wall film area and the wall film mass. The heat flux at the spray impingement zone leads to a considerable decrease in the temperature of the wall surface and is influenced by all test parameters. The effect of the test parameter on the wall film area is not identical to that of the wall film mass. For this reason, the amount of fuel deposits is not proportional to the area of the wall film. High injection pressures and impact angle adjustment, in particular, can help to reduce the wall film mass.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Dynamics of Flocculation of Lignocellulosic Hydrolyzates by Polymers (2012)

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials involves the solubilization of hemicelluloses, small portions of the lignin, and such components. The hemicellulose solutions are hydrolyzed for downstream fermentation into biofuels or biomaterials. Hydrolyzates produced by pretreatment contain significant colloidal material that is anionically charged. Many of the compounds that are present in the hydrolyzates are inhibitory to fermentation and interfere with downstream separations. The flocculation of this colloidal material makes separations easier by sedimentation and can reduce the fouling tendencies of membranes. It can also reduce the toxicity of the hydrolyzates to fermentation micro-organisms. We studied the dynamics of flocculation of lignocellulosic hydrolyzates with a variety of flocculating agents: electrolytes (alum) and polymers (PEI, pDADMAC, CPAM). It was found that trivalent cations were the most effective suspension destabilizers among the electrolytes, while the cationic polymers could cause flocculation and also redispersion depending on their dosage levels. Flocculation reduced the hydrolyzates’ turbidity from >10000 to under 20. With PEI and pDADMAC, flocculation occurred rapidly when the zeta potential of the colloid was close to zero showing that charge neutralization is the significant destabilizing mechanism. At higher dosages, redispersion occurred indicating that patching is also important in flocculation. Flocculation by PEI was sensitive to pH (from hydrolyzate pH of 3 to 8) with increased dosage necessary at higher pH values. The cationicity of PEI is reduced at higher pH which results in loss of its effectiveness. On the other hand, the zeta potential was largely unaffected with CPAM dosage indicating the dominance of bridging flocculation. Floc sizes ranged up to 3 mm, depending on flocculant dose and pH.
Liquid phase demixing in undercooled Co-Cu melts (2010)

The Co-Cu system exhibits a metastable miscibility gap, which is accessible via an undercooling of the homogeneous melt of around 120 K. The homogeneous melt separates in the Co-rich L1 phase and the Cu-rich L2 phase. Usually droplets of the minority phase nucleate in the majority phase and grow in size during the experiment. The direct observation of this process is not possible, as the metallic melt is difficult to handle and e.g. X-ray visualization is up to now not successful due to the poor contrast of Cu and Co. Our method is to study the solidified liquids and deduce properties of the metastable phases. This procedure makes sense, as the L1 phase is highly undercooled with respect to the stable phase diagram and solidifies rapidly.
Visualization and Quantification of Intraperitoneal Tumors by In Vivo Computed Tomography Using Negative Contrast Enhancement Strategy in a Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer (2009)

Small animal computed tomography (CT) has poor intrinsic soft tissue contrast, limiting evaluation of intra-abdominal structures. Using standard intravascular-extracellular intravenous contrast (IE-IV) alone is theoretically limited by long acquisition times of traditional small animal scanners that may result in equilibration. We assessed whether a negative contrast strategy of enhancing normal tissue surrounding tumor, instead of the tumor itself, can visualize and quantify intraperitoneal (IP) cancer in a mouse model. Two and a half weeks after IP injection of Hey A8 cells, four groups of three animals each were administered serial dilutions of IV Fenestra LC (RES-IV), oral Gastroview, and IP Optiray 320. Another group of three animals was administered IV Optiray 320 (IE-IV), oral Gastroview, and IP Optiray 320 in successive combinations. Both groups were imaged by CT. Tumor and organ Hounsfield units were measured, and visualization was assessed. With increasing contrast amount, the Hounsfield unit of organs generally increased, whereas that of tumor remained essentially stable. The visualization of abdominal organs and tumor also generally increased with increasing contrast amount. Visualization of tumor and its margins adjacent to liver, spleen, and stomach was significantly better on administering RES-IV. However, for tumor adjacent to bladder, both IE-IV and RES-IV were equivalent. In vivo CT-derived tumor weights correlated highly with ex vivo tumor weights (r = 0.96, P < .0001, n = 15). Thus, CT using negative contrast enhancement strategy allows visualization and quantification of IP tumors. Such a strategy will also enable anatomic localization of functional signal for combination/molecular imaging.
The effect of antibacterial acting extracorporeal shockwaves on bacterial cell integrity. (2009)

This is the first study to assess bacterial cell wall permeability after ESW treatment. It was found that the permeabilization of bacterial cells after ESW treatment was far less than expected due to the corresponding antibacterial effect. Other mechanisms, such as intracellular effects, might be involved in bacterial killing after ESWs and still must be elucidated.
Stars that Shimmer and Stars that Shine (2017)

Stars are not only much higher performing than their peers, but also much more visible within the firm. Star employees are likely to be sought out by their lower-performing peers. Moreover, high visibility and frequent interaction make it likely that the stars will develop abundant social capital. Thus, they are relied on to develop information advantage through their social capital. However, not all of the information effects of stardom are beneficial. Stars’ abundant social capital may produce the unintended side effect of information overload. We highlight the role of talent management in mitigating these information-overload effects for stars, to allow them to shine.
EGFR feedback-inhibition by Ran-binding protein 6 is disrupted in cancer (2017)

Transport of macromolecules through the nuclear pore by importins and exportins plays a critical role in the spatial regulation of protein activity. How cancer cells co-opt this process to promote tumorigenesis remains unclear. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in normal development and in human cancer. Here we describe a mechanism of EGFR regulation through the importin β family member RAN-binding protein 6 (RanBP6), a protein of hitherto unknown functions. We show that RanBP6 silencing impairs nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), reduces STAT3 binding to the EGFR promoter, results in transcriptional derepression of EGFR, and increased EGFR pathway output. Focal deletions of the RanBP6 locus on chromosome 9p were found in a subset of glioblastoma (GBM) and silencing of RanBP6 promoted glioma growth in vivo. Our results provide an example of EGFR deregulation in cancer through silencing of components of the nuclear import pathway.
Antagonistic interaction between jasmonic acid and cytokinin in xylem development (2017)

Developmental flexibility under stress conditions largely relies on the interactions between hormones that mediate stress responses and developmental processes. In this study, we showed that the stress hormone jasmonic acid (JA) induces formation of extra xylem in the roots of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). JA signaling mutants such as coronatine insensitive1-1 and jasmonate resistant1-1 did not form extra xylem in response to JA, but the JA biosynthesis mutant oxophytodienoate-reductase3 did form extra xylem. These observations suggested that the JA response promotes xylem development. To understand the mechanism, we examined the regulatory interaction between JA and cytokinin, a negative regulator of xylem development. JA treatment reduced cytokinin responses in the vasculature, and exogenous cytokinin nullified the effect of JA on formation of extra xylem. A time-course experiment showed that suppression of cytokinin responses by JA does not occur rapidly, but the JA-mediated xylem phenotype is tightly linked to the suppression of the cytokinin response. Further analysis of arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer protein6-1 and myc2-3 mutants revealed that the JA-responsive transcription factor MYC2 regulates the expression of AHP6 in response to JA and expression of AHP6 is involved in the JA-mediated xylem phenotype.
Phase I Study of Pazopanib and Ixabepilone in Patients With Solid Tumors (2014)

The OTD for combination of pazopanib and ixabepilone was established. There was no impact of ixabepilone on pazopanib pharmacokinetics. The relationship between sE-selectin and progression free survival warrants further investigation.
Toward a global approach dedicated to electromagnetic compatibility and energy efficiency (2006)

The local laws of electromagnetism are derived from the optimization of the global mechanical power exchanged throughout the electrical network. Two kinds of devices are identified: (i) those dedicated to power conversion; and their (ii) couplings involved in transmission lines, distribution busways, cablings and connections. While the finite element method appears to be the natural design tool in the former, the so-called PEEC method is the more suitable in the latter. Its recent improvements are reviewed within the low-frequency framework including (i) back emf of ferromagnetic materials (shielding); (ii) optimization methods to reduce Joule losses or flux density levels; and (iii) integration into a CAE package
Towards large scale CMOS single-photon detector arrays for lab-on-chip applications (2008)

Single-photon detection is useful in many domains requiring time-resolved imaging, high sensitivity and high dynamic range. In this paper the miniaturization and performance potential of solid-state single-photon detectors are discussed in the context of lab-on-chip applications where high accuracy and/or high levels of parallelism are suited. Technological and design trade-offs are discussed in view of recent advances in integrated LED matrix technology and the emergence of new multiplication based architectures.
Metabolic Recruitment and Directed Evolution of Nucleoside Triphosphate Uptake in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2018)

We report the design and elaboration of a selection protocol for importing a canonical substrate of DNA polymerase, thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) in Escherichia coli. Bacterial strains whose growth depend on dTTP uptake, through the action of an algal plastid transporter expressed from a synthetic gene inserted in the chromosome, were constructed and shown to withstand the simultaneous loss of thymidylate synthase and thymidine kinase. Such thyA tdk dual deletant strains provide an experimental model of tight nutritional containment for preventing dissemination of microbial GMOs. Our strains transported the four canonical dNTPs, in the following order of preference: dCTP > dATP ≥ dGTP > dTTP. Prolonged cultivation under limitation of exogenous dTTP led to the enhancement of dNTP transport by adaptive evolution. We investigated the uptake of dCTP analogues with altered sugar or nucleobase moieties, which were found to cause a loss of cell viability and an increase of mutant frequency, respectively. E. coli strains equipped with nucleoside triphosphate transporters should be instrumental for evolving organisms whose DNA genome is morphed chemically by fully substituting its canonical nucleotide components.
Nonlinear synthetic impedance circuits for piezoelectric structures (2022)

Low-frequency applications of piezoelectric shunt circuits for vibration and noise attenuation triggered the research on implementing synthetic impedance circuits in smart structures a few decades ago. Most of the existing efforts have been limited to standard scenarios of emulating linear circuit components such as inductances by means of their synthetic circuit counterparts to avoid the use of large coils when targeting relatively low frequencies. Other examples have included the emulation of negative capacitance circuits in various applications, most recently for bandgap enhancement in locally resonant piezoelectric metamaterials and metastructures. In this work, we explore synthetic impedance circuitry emulating nonlinear relationship to use in conjunction with piezoelectric structures, particularly for vibration absorption. The focus is placed on nonlinear inductance development to realize Duffing-like behavior in the synthetic impedance circuit when combined with piezoelectric capacitance and dissipative (resistive) elements. Time-domain numerical simulations, approximate analytical modeling, and series of experiments are performed for comparison. Results are demonstrated on a piezoelectric cantilever shunted to such nonlinear circuits with different nonlinear parameters and excited under mechanical base motion.
Survey of dopant-free carrier-selective contacts for silicon solar cells (2016)

In recent years a significant amount of effort has been devoted towards the development of dopant-free carrier selective contacts for crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. This short manuscript surveys a range of materials which have the potential to induce carrier-selectivity when applied to c-Si, including metals, metal oxides, alkali / alkaline earth metal salts, and organic conductors. Simple Ohmic test structures are used to assess the selectivity of these materials, that is, hole contacts are tested on p-type c-Si and electron contacts on n-type c-Si. Among these alternatives, a number of systems with exceptional potential are identified.
A systolic graph partitioning algorithm for VLSI design (1994)

The graph partitioning problem is to partition the vertices of an undirected graph G=(V, E) into two sets of equal size such that the number of edges between them is minimized. In this paper, we propose a systolic algorithm for graph partitioning. The algorithm is based on the Kernighan-Lin heuristic algorithm, runs on a linear array consisting of O(|V|) processing units, and is very suitable for direct VLSI implementation. Computation time of one pass of the proposed algorithm is O(|V|). Simulation experiments showed that the proposed algorithm is as good as the original KL heuristic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electrical excitation of surface phonon-polaritons in III-V heterostructures: A Monte Carlo study (2009)

International audience
Unique domain functions of p63 isotypes that differentially regulate distinct aspects of epidermal homeostasis (2005)

p63 is critical for squamous development and exists as multiple isotypes of two subclasses, TA and DeltaN. DeltaNp63 isotypes can antagonize transcription by TAp63 and p53, and are highly expressed in squamous cell cancers. Using mouse keratinocytes as a biological model of squamous epithelium, we show that multiple p63 isotypes, DeltaN- and TA-containing, are expressed and differentially modulated during in vitro murine keratinocyte differentiation. DeltaNp63alpha declines with Ca2+-induced differentiation, while a smaller DeltaN-form, DeltaNp63s, persists, suggesting unique functions of the two DeltaN-forms. To investigate the impact of dysregulated p63 expression that is observed in cancers and to define the biological contribution of the different domains of the p63 isotypes, DeltaNp63alpha, DeltaNp63p40, TAp63alpha, TAp63gamma or beta-galactosidase were overexpressed in primary murine keratinocytes. Microarray, RT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed that overexpression of DeltaNp63p40, which lacks the entire alpha-tail present in DeltaNp63alpha, permits expression of a full panel of differentiation markers. This is in contrast to overexpression of the full-length DeltaNp63alpha, which blocks induction of keratin 10, loricrin and filaggrin. These findings support a role for the alpha-tail of DeltaNp63alpha in blocking differentiation-specific gene expression. Overexpression of either TAp63 isotype permits keratin 10 and loricrin expression, thus the alpha-terminus requires the cooperation of the DeltaN domain in blocking early differentiation. However, both TA isotypes block filaggrin induction. The DeltaN-terminus is sufficient to maintain keratinocytes in a proliferative state, as both DeltaN forms block Ca2+-mediated p21WAF1 induction and S-phase arrest, while sustaining elevated PCNA levels. No alteration in cell cycle regulation was observed in keratinocytes overexpressing TAp63alpha or TAp63gamma. Clarifying the functional distinctions between p63 isotypes and domains will help to elucidate how their dysregulation impacts tumor biology and may suggest novel therapeutic strategies for modulating behavior of tumor cells with altered expression of p53 family members.
SU‐E‐T‐628: Predicted Risk of Post‐Irradiation Cerebral Necrosis in Pediatric Brain Cancer Patients: A Treatment Planning Comparison of Proton Vs. Photon Therapy (2015)

Purpose: Post‐irradiation cerebral necrosis (PICN) is a severe late effect that can Result from brain cancers treatment using radiation therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment plans and predicted risk of PICN after volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to the risk after passively scattered proton therapy (PSPT) and intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) in a cohort of pediatric patients. Methods: Thirteen pediatric patients with varying age and sex were selected for this study. A clinical treatment volume (CTV) was constructed for 8 glioma patients and 5 ependymoma patients. Prescribed dose was 54 Gy over 30 fractions to the planning volume. Dosimetric endpoints were compared between VMAT and proton plans. The normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) following VMAT and proton therapy planning was also calculated using PICN as the biological endpoint. Sensitivity tests were performed to determine if predicted risk of PICN was sensitive to positional errors, proton range errors and selection of risk models. Results: Both PSPT and IMPT plans resulted in a significant increase in the maximum dose and reduction in the total brain volume irradiated to low doses compared with the VMAT plans. The average ratios of NTCP between PSPT and VMAT were 0.56 and 0.38 for glioma and ependymoma patients respectively and the average ratios of NTCP between IMPT and VMAT were 0.67 and 0.68 for glioma and ependymoma plans respectively. Sensitivity test revealed that predicted ratios of risk were insensitive to range and positional errors but varied with risk model selection. Conclusion: Both PSPT and IMPT plans resulted in a decrease in the predictive risk of necrosis for the pediatric plans studied in this work. Sensitivity analysis upheld the qualitative findings of the risk models used in this study, however more accurate models that take into account dose and volume are needed.
Towards Efficient Fine-Grained Access Control and Trustworthy Data Processing for Remote Monitoring Services in IoT (2018)

As an important application of the Internet of Things, many remote monitoring systems adopt a device-to-cloud network paradigm. In a remote patient monitoring case, various resource-constrained devices are used to measure the health conditions of a target patient in a distant non-clinical environment and the collected data are sent to the cloud backend of an authorized health care service for processing and decision making. As the measurements involve private patient information, access control and trustworthy processing of the confidential data become very important. Software-based solutions that adopt advanced cryptographic tools, such as attribute-based encryption and fully homomorphic encryption, can address the problem, but they also impose substantial computation overhead on both client and server sides. In this paper, we deviate from the conventional software-based solutions and propose a secure and efficient remote monitoring framework, called SRM, using the latest hardware-based trustworthy computing technology, such as Intel SGX. In addition, we present a robust and lightweight “heartbeat” protocol to handle notoriously difficult key revocation problem. We implemented a prototype of the framework for SRM and show that SRM can protect user data privacy against unauthorized parties, with minimum performance cost compared to existing software-based solutions.