gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy assessment of high frequency 3D ultrasound for digital impression-taking of prepared teeth (2013)

Silicone based impression-taking of prepared teeth followed by plaster casting is well-established but potentially less reliable, error-prone and inefficient, particularly in combination with emerging techniques like computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) of dental prosthesis. Intra-oral optical scanners for digital impression-taking have been introduced but until now some drawbacks still exist. Because optical waves can hardly penetrate liquids or soft-tissues, sub-gingival preparations still need to be uncovered invasively prior to scanning. High frequency ultrasound (HFUS) based micro-scanning has been recently investigated as an alternative to optical intra-oral scanning. Ultrasound is less sensitive against oral fluids and in principal able to penetrate gingiva without invasively exposing of sub-gingival preparations. Nevertheless, spatial resolution as well as digitization accuracy of an ultrasound based micro-scanning system remains a critical parameter because the ultrasound wavelength in water-like media such as gingiva is typically smaller than that of optical waves. In this contribution, the in-vitro accuracy of ultrasound based micro-scanning for tooth geometry reconstruction is being investigated and compared to its extra-oral optical counterpart. In order to increase the spatial resolution of the system, 2<sup>nd</sup> harmonic frequencies from a mechanically driven focused single element transducer were separated and corresponding 3D surface models were calculated for both fundamentals and 2<sup>nd</sup> harmonics. Measurements on phantoms, model teeth and human teeth were carried out for evaluation of spatial resolution and surface detection accuracy. Comparison of optical and ultrasound digital impression taking indicate that, in terms of accuracy, ultrasound based tooth digitization can be an alternative for optical impression-taking.
The annihilation graphs of commutator posets and lattices with respect to an element (2016)

We propose a new, widely generalized context for the study of the zero-divisor type (annihilating-ideal) graphs, where the vertices of graphs are not elements/ideals of a commutative ring, but elements of an abstract ordered set [lattice] (imitating the lattice of ideals of a ring), equipped with a commutative (not necessarily associative) binary operation (imitating the product of ideals of a ring). We discuss, when [Formula: see text] (the annihilation graph of the commutator poset [lattice] [Formula: see text] with respect to an element [Formula: see text]) is a complete bipartite graph together with some of its other graph-theoretic properties. In contrast to the case of rings, we construct a commutator poset whose [Formula: see text] contains a cut-point. We provide some examples to show that some conditions are not superfluous assumptions. We also give some examples of a large class of lattices, such as the lattice of ideals of a commutative ring, the lattice of normal subgroups of a group, and the lattice of all congruences on an algebra in a variety (congruence modular variety) by using the commutators as the multiplicative binary operation on these lattices. This shows that how the commutator theory can define and unify many zero-divisor type graphs of different algebraic structures as a special case of this paper.
Monitoring quantum transitions in a three-level atom (1985)

In a recent publication 1 the question of the possibility of observing directly the quantum jumps associated with the excitation and deexcitation of an atomic electron in a three-level transition was considered. While the analysis of Ref. 1 reveals the manner in which the fluorescence from a strong transition of a lifetime T 1 is modulated by the absorption and emission processes of a weak transition of lifetime T 2 ( T 1 ≪ T 2 ), it was restricted to the case of incoherent excitation of the two transitions. The purpose of the present work is to reconsider this problem for monochromatic excitation in which a variety of coherent effects come into play. The analysis proceeds in a straightforward fashion in the Heisenberg representation to yield expressions for field and atomic correlation functions representing probabilities for the detection of successive photons from the same transition as well as for cross correlations of emission probabilities. In the limit of T 1 ≪ T 2 , a coarse graining of time with respect to the strong transition produces expressions analogous to those presented in Ref. 1 . The roles of Autler-Townes splitting, frequency detuning, and saturation of the weak transition are discussed.
Arugomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic. III. Biological activities of arugomycin and its analogues obtained by chemical degradation and modification. (1987)

Biological activities of arugomycin and its analogues obtained by chemical degradation and modification were evaluated. Differences in the sugar moieties affected their biological activities including induction of differentiation of mouse Friend erythroleukemia cells and mouse myeloid leukemia cells, antitumor activities against sarcoma S-180, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and P388 leukemia, and cytotoxicity against murine leukemia cells. Some relationships were found between the sugar moieties and biological activities.
Effect of fatty acid oxidation on efficiency of energy production in rat heart (1985)

Myocardial fatty acid oxidation has been reported to be accompanied by an elevated O2 consumption compared with carbohydrate oxidation. The exact amount of this additional O2 consumption is controversial. Different investigators have observed an O2 wasting effect that is too large to be explained by the different ATP-to-O2 ratios of these substrates. With the use of isolated perfused rat hearts, O2 consumption and hemodynamic measurements were computer analyzed to provide on-line estimates of the ratio between O2 consumption and demand (EQ). Increasing palmitate or octanoate concentrations decreased the respiratory quotient, which was accompanied by a disproportionate increase of EQ. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by an inhibitor of acylcarnitine transferase or a blockade of mitochondrial thiolase caused a drastic reduction of fatty acid oxidation. The fatty acid-induced enhancement of O2 consumption was decreased to a much smaller extent, indicating that there are two different mechanisms responsible for the O2-wasting effect, one that depends on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and another that is not affected by an inhibition of this pathway.
DNA Microarray Images: Processing, Modelling, Compression (2004)

DNA Microarray is an innovative tool for gene studies in biomedical research. It is capable of testing and extracting the expression of large number of genes in parallel. Its applications can vary from cancer diagnosis to human identification. A DNA microarray experiment generates an image which has the genetic data embedded in it. Fast, accurate, and automatic routines for processing and compression of these images do not exist. For processing and modelling of micoarray images, we introduce a new, fast and accurate approach in this thesis. A new lossless compression method for microarray images is introduced that provides an average compression ratio of 1.89:1, and that outperforms other lossless compression schemes and the work of other researchers in this field. For the lossy compression, our new method has overcome the rate-distortion curve of JPEG. A new scanning method called spiral path, and a new spatial transform called C2S are introduced in this thesis for lossless and lossy compression of microarray images.
SCALABLE POWER-COMPONENT MODELS FOR CONCEPT TESTING (2011)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;This paper describes next generation modeling tools to solve a basic problem of concept analysis, which is the lack of component models that realistically estimate the performance of technology that has yet to be fully reduced to specific products. Three important classes of electric power components essential to future Army vehicles are addressed: integrated electric machines, battery energy storage, and traction motor drives. Behavior models are delivered in a common software simulation “wrapper” with a limited number of user settings that allow the ratings of the component to be scaled to the performance required by the vehicle concept represented in a larger simulation. This approach captures expert knowledge about components so the systems engineer managing the concept analysis can create reliable simulations quickly.&lt;/p&gt;
Poly(dimethylsilylenemethylene-<i>c</i><i>o</i>- dimethylsiloxane):  A Regularly Alternating Copolymer of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Poly(dimethylsilylenemethylene) (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPoly(dimethylsilylenemethylene-co- dimethylsiloxane): A Regularly Alternating Copolymer of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Poly(dimethylsilylenemethylene)Leonard V. Interrante, Qionghua Shen, and Jun LiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, and Starfire Systems, Inc., 877 25th St, Watervliet, New York 12189 Cite this: Macromolecules 2001, 34, 6, 1545–1547Publication Date (Web):February 16, 2001Publication History Received17 October 2000Published online16 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma001785wCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (40 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Atmospheric chemistry,Copolymers,Homopolymers,Polymers,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
Production of Bacterial Cellulose from Alternate Feedstocks (2001)

Production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 10821 and 23770 in static cultures was tested from unamended food process effluents. Effluents included low-solids (LS) and high-solids (HS) potato effluents, cheese whey permeate (CW), or sugar beet raffinate (CSB). Strain 23770 produced 10% less cellulose from glucose than did strain 10821 and diverted more glucose to gluconate. Unamended HS, CW, and CSB were unsuitable for cellulose production by either strain, and LS was unsuitable for production by strain 10821. However, strain 23770 produced 17% more cellulose from LS than from glucose, indicating that unamended LS could serve as a feedstock for bacterial cellulose.
Application of wave equation theory to improve dynamic cone penetration test for shallow soil characterisation (2021)

Among the geotechnical in situ tests, the dynamic penetration test (DPT) is commonly used around the world. However, DPT remains a rough technique and provides only one failure parameter: blow count or cone resistance. This paper presents an improvement of the dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) for soil characterisation based on the wave equation theory. Implemented on an instrumented lightweight dynamic penetrometer driving with variable energy, the main process of the test involves the separation and reconstruction of the waves propagating in the rods after each blow and provides a dynamic cone load-penetration (DCLT) curve. An analytical methodology is used to analyse this curve and to estimate additional strength and deformation parameters of the soil: dynamic and pseudo-static cone resistances, deformation modulus and wave velocity. Tests carried out in the laboratory on different specimens (wood, concrete, sand and clay) in an experimental sand pit and in the field demonstrated that the resulting DCLT curve is reproducible, sensitive and reliable to the test conditions (rod length, driving energy, etc.) as well as to the soil properties (nature, density, etc.). Obtained results also showed that the method based on shock polar analysis makes it possible to evaluate mechanical impedance and wave velocity of soils, as demonstrated by the comparisons with cone penetration test (CPT) and shear wave velocity measurements made in the field. This technique improves the method and interpretation of DPT and provides reliable data for shallow foundation design.
Discovery of a Highly Potent and Selective MEK Inhibitor: GSK1120212 (JTP-74057 DMSO Solvate) (2011)

Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) represents a promising strategy for the discovery of a new generation of anticancer chemotherapeutics. Our synthetic efforts, beginning from the lead compound 2, were directed at improving antiproliferative activity against cancer cells as well as various drug properties. These efforts led to the discovery of N-{3-[3-cyclopropyl-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-6,8-dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]phenyl}acetamide dimethylsulfoxide solvate (GSK1120212, JTP-74057 DMSO solvate; 1), a selective and highly potent MEK inhibitor with improved drug properties. We further confirmed that the antiproliferative activity correlates with cellular MEK inhibition and observed significant antitumor activity with daily oral dosing of 1 in a tumor xenograft model. These qualities led to the selection of 1 for clinical development.
Predictive learning as a network mechanism for extracting low-dimensional latent space representations (2018)

Artificial neural networks have recently achieved many successes in solving sequential processing and planning tasks. Their success is often ascribed to the emergence of the task’s low-dimensional latent structure in the network activity – i.e., in the learned neural representations . Here, we investigate the hypothesis that a means for generating representations with easily accessed low-dimensional latent structure, possibly reflecting an underlying semantic organization, is through learning to predict observations about the world. Specifically, we ask whether and when network mechanisms for sensory prediction coincide with those for extracting the underlying latent variables. Using a recurrent neural network model trained to predict a sequence of observations we show that network dynamics exhibit low-dimensional but nonlinearly transformed representations of sensory inputs that map the latent structure of the sensory environment. We quantify these results using nonlinear measures of intrinsic dimensionality and linear decodability of latent variables, and provide mathematical arguments for why such useful p redictive representations emerge. We focus throughout on how our results can aid the analysis and interpretation of experimental data.
General experimental method of parameter extraction for CMOS timing macromodels (1988)

A new general experimental method for timing macromodel parameter extraction is proposed and investigated. Based on the general timing models developed and the measured timing data of CMOS inverters, the critical field exponent UEXP of carrier mobilities in transient operation, the optimal gate/source voltage and pn-junction voltage, and the capacitances associated with a logic gate are extracted by using the proposed method. It is shown that the extracted value of UEXP is twice the conventional value owing to the integration effect on the drain currents in delay calculations. The optimal linearisation gate/source voltage is about 0.7 VDD, whereas the pn-junction voltage is approximately VDD/2. By using the extracted timing parameters, the accuracy of the timing macromodels developed is improved and experimentally verified. The possibility of accuracy improvement and experimental verification makes the proposed method quite helpful in developing efficient timing macromodels for digital VLSI.
Integration of synthetic microbial consortia based bioprocessing with pyrolysis for efficient conversion of cellulose to valuables (2022)

Improved technologies are needed for sustainable conversion of cellulosic waste to valuable products. Here we demonstrate the successful integration of a synthetic microbial consortium (SynCONS) based consolidated bioprocessing with pyrolysis to produce commodity chemicals from cellulose. Promising microbial partners were rationally identified from 7626 organisms via comparative metabolic mapping which led to establishing two promising SynCONS with abilities to convert cellulose to ethanol and lactate in bioreactors. The partners in the two SynCONS were a) the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei grown sequentially with the thermophilic bacterium Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius NCIMB 11955 (TrPt) and b) a thermophilic bacterium Thermobifida fusca grown together with Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius NCIMB 11955 (TfPt). TrPt sequential bioprocessing resulted in 39% (g/g) cellulose consumption with product yields up to 9.3% g/g (ethanol + lactate). The TfPt co-cultures demonstrated a cellulose consumption of 30% (g/g) and combined yields of ethanol and lactic acid up to 23.7% g/g of consumed cellulose. The total product yields were further enhanced (51% g/g cellulose) when commercially available cellulases were used in place of T. fusca . Furthermore, when the metabolically engineered ethanol-producing strain of P. thermoglucosidasius TM242 (TfPt242) was substituted in the thermophilic TfPt co-culture consortium, ethanol yields were substantially higher (32.7% g/g of consumed cellulose). Finally, subjecting the residual cellulose and microbial biomass to pyrolysis resulted in carbon material with physicochemical properties similar to commercially available activated carbon as analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Overall, the integration of this synthetic microbial consortia-based bioprocessing strategy with pyrolysis demonstrated a promising strategy for conversion of waste cellulose to chemicals, biofuels, and industrial carbon potentially suitable for several industrial applications.
Fatigue strength of a vacuum-carburised TRIP-aided martensitic steel (2018)

Fatigue properties of a transformation-induced plasticity-aided martensitic steel subjected to vacuum carburisation under carbon potentials ranging from 0.70 to 0.80 mass% and subsequent fine-particle peening were investigated for the fabrication of precision transmission gears. The fatigue limits of smooth specimens increased by 34–41% with increasing carbon potential, compared with that of heat-treated and fine-particle peened steel. The notched fatigue limits increased to a lesser degree except in case of carbon potential of 0.70 mass%. The increased smooth fatigue limits were associated with the high Vickers hardness and compressive residual stress via severe plastic deformation and the strain-induced martensitic transformation during fine-particle peening, as well as a 50% reduction of retained austenite fraction during fatigue deformation.
Degree of cross-genotype reactivity of hepatitis C virus–specific CD8+ T cells directed against NS3 # (2009)

We systematically analyzed the degree of cross-genotype reactivity of HCV-specific T cells and have shown that CD8 responses targeting different HCV genotypes can be primed in the same individual and that such responses potentially characterize a subgroup among injection drug users being protected from chronic HCV infection.
Variation of seismic scalar moment–corner frequency relationship during development of a hydraulic fracture system (2019)

Abstract We propose to utilize the corner frequency and seismic scalar moment relation as a new approach to monitor temporal changes of static stress drop as well as rupture velocity during development of a hydraulic fracture system. We introduce a single parameter M1 to describe a two-parameter relation (scalar moment and corner frequency relation) and analyze temporal variation of this two-parameter relation. Because M1 relates rupture velocity and static stress drop, we can infer temporal variation of rupture velocity and stress drop quantitatively. The parameter M1 is calculated in two case studies. We document that two types of fracturing processes exist: (1) stable rupture velocity and static stress drop during the development of rupture and (2) increase of rupture velocity and/or static stress drop while the fracture system develops. In the latter case, one possible scenario is increase of permeability at each fracture plane during development of the fracture system.
Dimethyl‐N‐Fluroamin und ‐Bortrihalogenid‐Addukte sowie Dimethyl‐N‐Fluorammonium‐Salze (1987)

Abstract Es werden die Schwingungsfrequenzen von (CH 3 ) 2 NF I zugeordent und vergleichend mit den Salzen (CH 3 ) 2 NHF + Cl − II und (CH 3 ) 2 NHF + CF 3 SO 3 − III und den Addukten (CH 3 ) 2 NF · BHal 3 (Hal = F IV , Cl, V , Br, VI ) betrachtet. Ergänzend werden die Ergebnisse einer Kristallstrukturanalyse von V bei 140 K mitgeteilt.
A System for Real-Time Measurement of Moisture in Aggregate Mixes During Asphalt Production (2020)

In asphalt plants, moisture fluctuations in aggregate stockpiles present a problem for process control. To improve the production process, real-time methods of monitoring aggregate moisture in stockpiles, cold feed bins, and on conveyor belts have been used with varying levels of success. This paper presents a field-evaluation of the accuracy of a real-time measurement system for measuring moisture content of virgin aggregate mixes moving on a conveyor belt for asphalt production. This system uses nuclear techniques, with no components in contact with the material flow or the belt, to determine the moisture content. Due to its use of low activity radioisotopic sources and a safe design, the system is categorized as a ‘generally licensed’ device by the US Nuclear Regulatory Agency imposing minimal regulatory burden on US plant owners. This measurement system was evaluated during the 2015 and 2016 production seasons at a continuous-type asphalt plant in Wisconsin, USA. Based on the study, the moisture measurement system showed a good sensitivity to moisture in aggregate mixes with 0.9% wt. response to a 1.0% wt. change in moisture. It also showed a good measurement precision of 0.1% wt. at one standard deviation for a 20 second averaging. Over one thousand samples, with limestone as the main aggregate type, were collected from the belt and were used for comparing the moisture measurements from the new system to that by the oven drying method. For the two methods, the correlation of determination was 0.69 and the difference in moisture content was 0.10 ± 0.35% wt. at one standard deviation. The new method did not show dependence on the nominal maximum aggregate size of the mixes.
White matter MR hyperintensities in adult patients with congenital rubella. (1996)

This quantitative MR study of adult rubella patients disclosed abnormal white matter lesions that may correspond to neurovascular lesions known neuropathologically. They do not appear to be directly related to schizophrenialike symptoms.