gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of a Flying Humanoid Robot Platform with Bi-copter Flight Unit (2021)

In this paper, we propose a novel flying humanoid robot platform with bi-copter flight unit. Humanoid robots have the ability to move by walking, but it is not sufficient for some tasks. To enhance the mobility of humanoid robots, we apply aerial robotics and develop a flying humanoid robot capable of walking and flying in the air. We describe the modeling and control of bi-copter and takeoff pose generation method for flying humanoid robot. We show the hardware implementations of a bi-copter flight unit, a humanoid robot and the whole system of flying humanoid robot. We perform several experiments to verify the effectiveness of the flight control, extended mobility and the implemented robot system including perception.
Adapting a TTS system to a reading machine for the blind (2002)

Synthesis systems that convert orthographic text into speech usually make assumptions about the input that are no longer valid when used in combination with a scanner and OCR software. The paper describes our experience of adapting our TTS system for use use in such a reading machine. As synthesis systems move from the laboratory to applications, some surprises may be in store. The paper is intended to share our experiences with other developers in order to prevent them from repeating our mistakes.
Preparation and Characterization of Spherical AgPd Alloy Powder through Wet Chemical Reduction Method (2020)

Spherical AgPd alloy powder was prepared through the reaction of metal nitrate and reducing agent. Natural gum Arabic was used as a dispersant. SEM observation showed that as-prepared particles had spherical morphology with narrow size distribution. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that as-prepared powder was crystallized regardless of molar ratio of Ag and Pd and alloyed. Fluorescent X-ray analysis showed that the atomic ratio of Ag and Pd in as-prepared powder was in good agreement with that of starting solution. The particle size (D50) of as-prepared powder was decreased with increasing the reaction temperature and the content of gum Arabic. The D50 increased with increasing starting solution concentration. It was assumed from the change of particle number density that the particle growth was due to the diffusion of Ag and Pd ions from starting solution. The thickness of gum Arabic layer on Ag90Pd10 and Ag40Pd60 alloy particles at gum Arabic content of 2 g/cm3 was 20 nm and 22 nm, respectively and increased to 34 nm and 31 nm, respectively, with increasing gum Arabic content. The specific resistivity of Ag90Pd10 paste was 6.2 × 10−8 Ω·m at 1000°C. The specific resistivity of Ag50Pd50 paste and Ag40Pd60 paste was 2.6 × 10−7 Ω·m at 1400°C.
Phylogenetic Analysis of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> Parasites Based on the Small-Subunit rRNA Gene Locus (1999)

Biological data support the hypothesis that there are multiple species in the genus Cryptosporidium, but a recent analysis of the available genetic data suggested that there is insufficient evidence for species differentiation. In order to resolve the controversy in the taxonomy of this parasite genus, we characterized the small-subunit rRNA genes of Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium baileyi, Cryptosporidium muris, and Cryptosporidium serpentis and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Cryptosporidium. Our study revealed that the genus Cryptosporidium contains the phylogenetically distinct species C. parvum, C. muris, C. baileyi, and C. serpentis, which is consistent with the biological characteristics and host specificity data. The Cryptosporidium species formed two clades, with C. parvum and C. baileyi belonging to one clade and C. muris and C. serpentis belonging to the other clade. Within C. parvum, human genotype isolates and guinea pig isolates (known as Cryptosporidium wrairi) each differed from bovine genotype isolates by the nucleotide sequence in four regions. A C. muris isolate from cattle was also different from parasites isolated from a rock hyrax and a Bactrian camel. Minor differences were also detected between C. serpentis isolates from snakes and lizards. Based on the genetic information, a species- and strain-specific PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism diagnostic tool was developed.
Predictor: Randomized phase II study of preoperative afatinib in untreated nonmetastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients (HNSCC) aiming at identifying predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of efficacy. (2014)

TPS6105 Background: Identification of efficacy predictive biological biomarkers in HNSCC patients treated with anti-EGFR targeted therapy is still a challenge. In the recurrent/metastatic setting, sequential biopsies allowed correlating potential predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers with the outcome of patients treated with erlotinib (Agulnik M et al. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2184). Afatinib is an Erb-B family blocker that irreversibly blocks signaling from all relevant Erb-B family dimers and may overcome limitations of current EGFR-targeted treatment in HNSCC. We conduct a randomized phase II study with afatinib Methods: PREDICTOR is a UNICANCER sponsored multi-centre randomized phase II study of pre-operative afatinib aiming at identifying predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of biological activity and efficacy in untreated non-metastatic HNSCC patients. Key eligibility criteria: confirmed non-metastatic HNSCC; T2-4N0-2 tumors (except T2N0 endolaryngeal tumors); planned date of surgery allowing the patient to receive 14 to 28 days of afatinib treatment; ECOG status 0-2. Target enrolment is 60 pts. Randomization is stratified on the site of primary tumor (oropharynx versus non-oropharynx). Pts are randomized 2:1 to receive afatinib (40mg/qd) OR no treatment (control arm). Dose adjustments are permitted according to the ocurrence of drug-related AEs (reduction to 30mg/qd). The primary endpoint is to identify predictive and pharmacodynamics biomarkers.Tumor samples are collected before treatment (biopsy) and after surgery (surgical specimen). Several molecules involved in the resistance to EGFR will be analyzed through different technics (Immunohistochemistry, High throughput protein analysis, FISH, PCR sequencing and qRT-PCR). Secondary endpoints include efficacy (tumor shrinkage), pathological response, metabolic response (FDG PET/CT scan assessment) and safety. Completion of pt recruitment and data analyses are awaited. Clinical trial information: NCT01415674.
Circuit techniques for high-speed and low-power multi-port SRAMs (2002)

This paper presents a new approach based on current-mode to reduce the energy and improve the speed of write and read accesses in multi-port SRAMs. The design of a pipelined 32/spl times/64 register file that utilizes the above technique is described. Simulation results in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology show that the register file can operate at a 500 MHz frequency using a 2.3 V supply.
Imaging by silicon on insulator waveguides (2009)

We present multiphoton imaging based on semiconductor planar waveguide technology which can be used as a transmitter and receiver simultaneously. In particular, silicon on insulator waveguides with p-i-n diode structures are used to demonstrate &amp;lt;5 μm resolution three-photon imaging of Er3+:Y2O3 microparticles by using 1550 nm excitation. Additional theoretical study has been performed to demonstrate the proposed scheme for three-dimensional tomography of micron-sized objects, which could be realized by using multiple transmitter-detector pairs.
Femoral Head Allograft for Large Talar Defects (2008)

Large talar body defects after total or subtotal talectomy present a difficult treatment dilemma for the reconstructive foot and ankle surgeon. Treatment of these defects includes tibiocalcaneal fusion, but this leaves the patient with significant limb shortening. Tibiotalocalcaneal fusion can be done if there is a subtotal talectomy with the talar head and neck remaining. This technique is done with some form of structural or cancellous graft with internal or external fixation. These fusions are technically challenging and often involve harvesting large autografts from the iliac crest. The technique described involves a less complex reproducible 1-stage reconstruction for large talar defects using a transfibular approach with placement of a femoral head allograft in a fusion bed prepared by acetabular reamers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simplified Procedure for Preparing the Cholinergic Neurotoxin 1‐Ethyl‐1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)aziridinium Ion (AF64A). (1989)

Abstract The 1‐ethyl‐1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)aziridinium cation (II), a potent neurotoxin, is prepared from the chloroethylamine hydrochloride (I) in a mg‐scale by treatment with stoichiometric amounts of sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution.
A germline SNP in BRMS1 predisposes patients with lung adenocarcinoma to metastasis and can be ameliorated by targeting c-fos (2022)

About 50% of patients with early-stage, surgically resected lung cancer will develop distant metastasis. There remains an unmet need to identify patients likely to develop recurrence and to design innovative therapies to decrease this risk. Two primary isoforms of BRMS1, v1 and v2, are present in humans. Using next-generation sequencing of <i>BRMS1</i> on matched human noncancerous lung tissue and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1052566 that results in an A273V mutation of BRMS1v2. This SNP is homozygous (<i>BRMS1v2</i><sup>A273V/A273V</sup>) in 8% of the population and correlates with aggressive biology in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Mechanistically, we show that BRMS1v2 A273V abolishes the metastasis suppressor function of BRMS1v2 and promotes robust cell invasion and metastases by activation of c-fos-mediated gene-specific transcriptional regulation. BRMS1v2 A273V increases cell invasion in vitro and increases metastases in both tail-vein injection xenografts and LUAD patient-derived organoid (PDO) intracardiac injection metastasis in vivo models. Moreover, we show that BRMS1v2 A273V fails to interact with nuclear Src, thereby activating intratumoral c-fos in vitro. Higher c-fos results in up-regulation of <i>CEACAM6</i>, which drives metastases in vitro and in vivo. Using both xenograft and PDO metastasis models, we repurposed T5224 for treatment, a c-fos pharmacologic inhibitor investigated in clinical trials for arthritis, and observed suppression of metastases in <i>BRMS1v2</i><sup>A273V/A273V</sup> LUAD in mice. Collectively, we elucidate the mechanism of <i>BRMS1v2</i><sup>A273V/A273V</sup>-induced metastases and offer a putative therapeutic strategy for patients with LUAD who have this germline alteration.
Boron-Catalyzed Site-Selective Reduction of Carbohydrate Derivatives with Catecholborane (2018)

Catalytic sp3 C–O bond cleavage using B(C6F5)3/HBcat is reported. This method is first demonstrated on simple ethers and silyl protected alcohols, which exhibit reactivity parallel to the known B(C6F5)3/HSiR3 system. In more complex carbohydrate derivatives, however, unique selectivities that are not possible with hydrosilane reductants have been achieved, including regioselective cyclizations. Preliminary computational studies suggest that diboryl oxonium ions are disfavored and that four-coordinate boronium ions may contribute to selectivity.
<i>Planck</i>intermediate results (2016)

We present all-sky modelling of the high resolution Planck, IRAS, and WISE infrared (IR) observations using the physical dust model presented by Draine & Li in 2007 (DL, ApJ, 657, 810). We study the performance and results of this model, and discuss implications for future dust modelling. The present work extends the DL dust modelling carried out on nearby galaxies using Herschel and Spitzer data to Galactic dust emission. We employ the DL dust model to generate maps of the dust mass surface density M d , the dust optical extinction A V , and the starlight intensity heating the bulk of the dust, parametrized by U min . The DL model reproduces the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) satisfactorily over most of the sky, with small deviations in the inner Galactic disk and in low ecliptic latitude areas, presumably due to zodiacal light contamination. In the Andromeda galaxy (M31), the present dust mass estimates agree remarkably well (within 10%) with DL estimates based on independent Spitzer and Herschel data. We compare the DL optical extinction A V for the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) with optical estimates for approximately 2 10 5 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The DL A V estimates are larger than those determined towards QSOs by a factor of about 2, which depends on U min . The DL fitting parameter U min , effectively determined by the wavelength where the SED peaks, appears to trace variations in the far-IR opacity of the dust grains per unit A V , and not only in the starlight intensity. These results show that some of the physical assumptions of the DL model will need to be revised. To circumvent the model deficiency, we propose an empirical renormalization of the DL A V estimate, dependent of U min , which compensates for the systematic differences found with QSO observations. This renormalization, made to match the A V estimates towards QSOs, also brings into agreement the DL A V estimates with those derived for molecular clouds from the near-IR colours of stars in the 2 micron all sky survey (2MASS). The DL model and the QSOs data are also used to compress the spectral information in the Planck and IRAS observations for the diffuse ISM to a family of 20 SEDs normalized per A V , parameterized by U min , which may be used to test and empirically calibrate dust models. The family of SEDs and the maps generated with the DL model are made public in the Planck Legacy Archive.
Protein Misfolding, Amyloid Formation, and Human Disease: A Summary of Progress Over the Last Decade (2017)

Peptides and proteins have been found to possess an inherent tendency to convert from their native functional states into intractable amyloid aggregates. This phenomenon is associated with a range of increasingly common human disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, type II diabetes, and a number of systemic amyloidoses. In this review, we describe this field of science with particular reference to the advances that have been made over the last decade in our understanding of its fundamental nature and consequences. We list the proteins that are known to be deposited as amyloid or other types of aggregates in human tissues and the disorders with which they are associated, as well as the proteins that exploit the amyloid motif to play specific functional roles in humans. In addition, we summarize the genetic factors that have provided insight into the mechanisms of disease onset. We describe recent advances in our knowledge of the structures of amyloid fibrils and their oligomeric precursors and of the mechanisms by which they are formed and proliferate to generate cellular dysfunction. We show evidence that a complex proteostasis network actively combats protein aggregation and that such an efficient system can fail in some circumstances and give rise to disease. Finally, we anticipate the development of novel therapeutic strategies with which to prevent or treat these highly debilitating and currently incurable conditions.
Synthesis of solid NMC622 particles by spray drying, post-annealing and lithiation (2023)

Layered lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode materials are widely used in Li-ion batteries that require high energy densities, such as those used in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). Here we studied the synthesis of NMC622 particles by spray pyrolysis, which is a simple one-step process for production of spherical particles. However, synthesising NMC powder using spray pyrolysis has a tendency to produce hollow NMC particles. To gain insight into the mechanism behind the formation of the hollow particles, one dimensional numerical simulation of the physical and chemical phenomena taking place during spray drying were carried out. The effects of several process parameters, including drying air temperature, drying air mass flow rate, and liquid feed mass flow rate, on the evaporation and particle formation process were studied. The increased evaporation rate at higher temperatures was found to result in crust formation on the droplet surface during the particle formation, and thus, in lower solid volume fractions in the dried particles. However, by optimizing the process parameters production of solid NMC622 sulphate particles by spray drying was achieved. The produced NMC622 sulphate particles were then oxidised and lithiated in air at 850 °C via the conventional thermal treatment process. Four lithium precursors, LiOH, Li2CO3, Li2SO4 and LiNO3, were tested for the lithiation of the oxidized NMC particles. The degree of lithiation and the crystalline phase of the powders were determined using ICP-OES and XRD, respectively.
Nanomachining of Silicon Surface Using Atomic Force Microscope With Diamond Tip (2005)

This paper investigates nanomachining of single-crystal silicon using an atomic force microscope with a diamond-tip cantilever. To enable nanomachining of silicon, a nanomachining cantilever with a pyramidal diamond tip was developed using a combination of photolithography and hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. Nanomachining experiments on silicon using the cantilever are demonstrated under various machining parameters. The silicon surface can be removed with a rate of several tens to hundreds of nanometers in ductile mode, and the cantilever shows superior wear resistance. The experiments demonstrate successful nanomachining of single-crystal silicon.
Long‐Term Care Liability for Pressure Ulcers (2005)

More than 20% of residents who have been in long-term care (LTC) facilities for 2 or more years will develop at least one pressure ulcer (PU). Residents suffer pain, disfigurement, and decreased quality of life, and their risk of illness and death increases. LTC facilities face censure from residents, their families, and surveyors and the threat of expensive lawsuits. Lawsuits are typically based on contentions of residents with a PU--or their advocates--that the LTC facility was negligent and failed to provide the care that, by industry standards, it must provide to prevent or manage such wounds (managing pressure, incontinence, and nutrition). In this article, data from 1999 and 2002 are presented, showing that lawsuits related to PUs are increasingly common and costly for LTC owners and care providers. Residents realized some type of recovery against the facility in 87% of the cases (verdicts for the resident plus settlements) and were awarded amounts as high as $312 million in damages. Even LTC administrators who believe that care in their facility equals or exceeds industry standards often settle lawsuits out of court to avoid jury verdicts. The data also show that jury awards were highest for PUs caused by multiple factors and that the highest awards for PUs caused by a single factor were seen when that factor was inadequate nutrition. LTC providers can help improve the health and quality of life of their residents, improve survey results, and minimize their risk of expensive lawsuits by developing, implementing, and documenting a plan of basic measures to prevent PUs.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Automated Identity Masking (AIM) Methods with Human Perception and a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) (2019)

Face de-identification algorithms have been developed in response to the prevalent use of public video recordings and surveillance cameras. Here, we evaluated the success of identity masking in the context of monitoring drivers as they actively operate a motor vehicle. We studied the effectiveness of eight de-identification algorithms using human perceivers and a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We used a standard face recognition experiment in which human subjects studied high-resolution (studio-style) images to learn driver identities. Subjects were tested subsequently on their ability to recognize those identities in low-resolution videos depicting the drivers operating a motor vehicle. The videos were in either unmasked format, or were masked by one of the eight de-identification algorithms. All masking algorithms lowered identification accuracy substantially, relative to the unmasked video. In all cases, identifications were made with stringent decision criteria indicating the subjects had low confidence in their decisions. When matching the identities in high-resolution still images to those in the masked videos, the CNN performed at chance. Next, we examined CNN performance on the same task, but using the unmasked videos and their masked counterparts. In this case, the network scored surprisingly well on a subset of mask conditions. We conclude that carefully tested de-identification approaches, used alone or in combination, can be an effective tool for protecting the privacy of individuals captured in videos. We note that no approach is equally effective in masking all stimuli, and that future work should examine possible methods for determining the most effective mask per individual stimulus.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Selective Copper‐Catalyzed Reduction of Secondary Amides. (2012)

Abstract In situ‐generated Cu(II)—pybox catalyst system allows for the selective reduction of secondary amides (I) to the corresponding amines (II) in good yields.
Echoicity of whole blood. (1989)

A clear relationship was found to exist when the echoicity of whole blood under different flow conditions was determined and related to its corresponding ultrasonic backscattering properties. The results indicate that the echoicity of whole blood is shear rate and species dependent. Echoicity of porcine whole blood was found to decrease as the shear rate was increased, whereas the echoicity of bovine whole blood was found to be shear rate independent. At the same shear rate and hematocrit, the echoicity of human and porcine whole blood was found to be higher than that of bovine whole blood. These observations can be readily understood when red cell aggregation is considered. In imaging porcine whole blood under steady laminar flow, under certain conditions a hypoechoic region was observed to appear near the center of the flow conduit. The behavior of this hypoechoic region and the mechanisms responsible for its appearance are not entirely clear at present.
Triggered Release of an Active Peptide Conjugate from a DNA Device by an Orally Administrable Small Molecule (2009)

A real tonic: In a conceptually new approach to controlled release, the natural daily insulin profile in response to three meals is mimicked (see graph) with release of an insulin conjugate from a matrix, triggered by quinine, a component of tonic water.