gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colocalization of Antigen-Specific B and T Cells within Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue following Immunization with Exogenous Antigen (2008)

Chronic inflammation promotes the formation of ectopic lymphoid tissue morphologically resembling secondary lymphoid tissues, though it is unclear whether this is a location where Ag-specific immune responses develop or merely a site of lymphocyte accumulation. Ectopic lymphoid tissue formation is associated with many humoral autoimmune diseases, including lupus induced by tetramethylpecadentane in mice. We examined whether an immune response to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (NP-KLH) and NP-OVA develops within ectopic lymphoid tissue ("lipogranulomas") induced by tetramethylpecadentane in C57BL/6 mice. Following primary immunization, NP-specific B cells bearing V186.2 and related heavy chains as well as lambda-light chains accumulated within ectopic lymphoid tissue. The number of anti-NP-secreting B cells in the ectopic lymphoid tissue was greatly enhanced by immunization with NP-KLH. Remarkably, the H chain sequences isolated from individual lipogranulomas from these mice were diverse before immunization, whereas individual lipogranulomas from single immunized mice had unique oligo- or monoclonal populations of presumptive NP-specific B cells. H chain CDR sequences bore numerous replacement mutations, consistent with an Ag-driven and T cell-mediated response. In mice adoptively transferred with OT-II or DO11 T cells, there was a striking accumulation of OVA-specific T cells in lipogranulomas after s.c. immunization with NP-OVA. The selective colocalization of proliferating, Ag-specific T and B lymphocytes in lipogranulomas from tetramethylpecadentane-treated mice undergoing primary immunization implicates ectopic lymphoid tissue as a site where Ag-specific humoral immune responses can develop. This has implications for understanding the strong association of humoral autoimmunity with lymphoid neogenesis, which may be associated with deficient censoring of autoreactive cells.
A 30 Year Retrospective on Dennard's MOSFET Scaling Paper (2007)

Table I is reproduced from Dennard's paper and summarizes transistor or circuit parameter changes under ideal scaling conditions, whereis the unitless scaling constant. The tantalizing benefits of MOSFET device scaling immediately leap out from this table: as transistors get smaller, they can switch faster and use less power. But of course learning exactly how to make transistors smaller in a way that could be done practically in high volume manufacturing would take time. It would take time to develop lithographic techniques to pattern smaller feature sizes, to grow thinner gate oxides, and to reduce defects levels at these increasingly challenging dimensions. But this paper gave our industry a roadmap, a method for setting targets and expectations for coming generations of process technology. This paper gave us the more specific transistor scaling formula needed to continue Moore's Law, which was first articulated in a paper by Gordon Moore in 1965 and was in effect being followed by the semiconductor industry since the early 1960's. (To read reprints of Gordon Moore's 1965 and 1975 papers along with recent commentaries on Moore's Law, see the September 2006 issue of the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society Newsletter.) Device or Circuit Parameter
A Comparison of the Genetic Factors Influencing Host Response to Infection with One of Two Isolates of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (2015)

Host genetic differences in viral load (VL) and weight gain (WG) during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) challenge were assessed for thirteen trials of ~200 commercial crossbred piglets each, from several different commercial suppliers. Piglets were experimentally infected with PRRSV isolates NVSL-97-7895 (NVSL) or KS-2006-72109 (KS06). VL and WG were moderately heritable and were antagonistically related for both virus isolates. The genetic correlation of host response to NVSL with host response to KS06 was high for both VL and WG. Consistent with previous findings, animals that were heterozygous (AB) for the WUR10000125 (WUR) marker on Chromosome 4 (SSC4) had significantly lower VL than their AA counterparts when infected with either virus isolate; however, a significant increase in WG was only observed when piglets were infected with the NVSL isolate. These results suggest that selecting for increased resistance or reduced susceptibility to PRRSV may be effective across virus isolates. Selecting for the AB genotype for WUR is expected to reduce VL across PRRSV isolates but its effect on WG during infection may differ between virus isolates.
Expression of Myeloid Markers Lacks Prognostic Impact in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Italian Experience in AIEOP-ALL 88-91 Studies (1998)

The importance of coexpression of myeloid antigens in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has long been debated; results are conflicting. We studied children with ALL treated at Italian Association for Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (AIEOP) institutions over 6 years with Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster (BFM)-based protocols and have analyzed the incidence of coexpression of six MyAg (CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33, CD65w) to determine its prognostic impact. Criteria for MyAg coexpression (MyAg+ALL) included positivity to one or more MyAg on at least 20% of blasts and confirmation of coexpression at double-fluorescence analysis. A total of 291 of 908 cases were MyAg+ALL (32%). Incidence was similar in B-ALL and T-ALL; among common, pre-B, and pre-pre–B-ALL. CD13 and CD33 were most common. Patients with MyAg+ALL had presenting features similar to MyAg−ALL. They entered standard or intermediate risk protocols more frequently and had better prednisone response, but similar complete remission rates. Six-year event-free survival (EFS) was 69.0% in 291 MyAg+ALL cases and 65.3% in 617 MyAg−ALL cases, without significant difference. Cases expressing two or more MyAg presented similar clinical features and treatment response. MyAg+ALL had worse EFS only in infants (0% v47%) (P = .01). Therefore, in this series of homogeneously diagnosed and treated ALL, coexpression of MyAg was not associated with prognostic significance, without relevance for clinical purposes or for patient stratification, except for infants. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
The Goto Kakizaki rat: Impact of age upon changes in cardiac and renal structure, function (2021)

By 48 weeks of age, the diabetic GK rat demonstrates evidence of preserved systolic function and impaired relaxation, along with cardiac hypertrophy, in the presence of hyperfiltration and elevated protein excretion. These findings suggest the GK rat demonstrates some, but not all features of diabetes induced "cardiorenal" syndrome. This has implications for the use of this model to assess preclinical strategies to treat cardiorenal disease.
Biophysical Stimulation of Articular Cartilage for Chondroprotection and Chondroregeneration (2020)

Articular cartilage is a hypocellular, avascular tissue composed of a dense collagen and proteoglycan matrix. The complex structure of articular cartilage enables this tissue to perform its biomechanical role providing low friction and highly wear-resistant surface to both shear and compressive stress. The effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) stimulation have also been assessed in chondroregenerative clinical settings, including patients suffering from cartilage injuries treated with microfractures, with autologous chondrocyte implant, and with scaffold seeded with bone-marrow-derived cells. It is commonly accepted that articular cartilage is a tissue with little or no regenerative potential and thus undergoes degradation over time. A systematic review of the literature on the influence of PEMFs on cartilage concluded that PEMFs have a beneficial effect on chondrocyte proliferation, electrochemical information transfer synthesis, and chondrogenic differentiation. Further development of the clinical use of physical agents involves facing numerous and complex issues.
Distribution, Recruitment, and Growth of the Black-Lip Pearl Oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, in Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i (2000)

Stocks of Hawaiian black-lip pearl oysters, Pinetada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758), appear to have been depleted by overfishing and environmental degradation. Permanent survey transect sites were set up in Kane'ohe Bay in 1989 to monitor changes in the status of stocks. Only 17 pearl oysters were found in 1989. Transects were resurveyed in 1997, and 22 pearl oysters were counted. Most were found on the slopes of patch reefs around the Sampan Channel in 2-6 m depth. Recruitment is low. Standing stock estimated from observed densities on transects in 1997 and the extent of available habitat is about 950 individuals. The size distribution of pearl oysters on transects indicates that they are fished, despite legal protection. Growth of Pinetada margaritifera in Kane'ohe Bay is comparable with that in other locations. The prospects for commercial culture of black pearls in Kane'ohe Bay are limited by environmental constraints and the heavy recreational use of the bay.
Experimental Study of ALD HfO2 Deposited on Strained Silicon-on-Insulator (sSOI &amp; xsSOI) and SOI (2007)

4 nm HfO2 films are deposited on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) with various amounts of lattice strain and thickness by atomic layer deposition (ALD). After post deposition annealing (PDA), the samples are studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-deposited HfO2 film shows good stoichiometry and thickness uniformity. HRTEM images show that while HfO2 films on non-strained SOI becomes poly-crystalline after PDA at 600 oC, HfO2 films on strained SOI still keep amorphous. The strain SOI also suppresses the IL growth during PDA. The EELS and XPS results confirm the interdiffusion across the HfO2/Si interface. The XPS data also show that formation of Hf-O-Si bonds depend on the SOI lattice strain and thickness. The SOI thickness is critical to reduce the formation of silicate in the IL.
Egg culture: the foundation (1998)

Ralph Brinster began his classic work on egg culture more than 35 years ago. His interest in mammalian egg culture had developed, in part, as a consequence of his experiences with animal breeding and reproduction that he gained while growing up on a farm. Ralph decided early in his career that an in vitro approach to culturing eggs would provide a powerful tool with which to study the development of these cells. Beginning at the close of the 19th century, a number of investigators had performed in vitro studies on egg culture and the related area of egg transfer; however, the ability to recover and transplant eggs had reached a much higher level of perfection than had culture. Eggs of many species could be successfully transferred, but there was no reliable technique for egg culture. In 1963, Ralph reported a method for culturing eggs in microdrops of medium under oil (Brinster, 1963), which has become universally used. Two years later, he identified pyruvate as the central and essential energy source for early stages of mouse eggs (Brinster, 1965b). These two developments revolutionized in vitro studies of mammalian eggs and issued in an era of intense research activity concerning egg culture and egg manipulation. Effective formulations of culture media could now be developed to allow routine in vitro maintenance of eggs, and important parameters for these recipes were soon determined. It was quickly established that the requirement for pyruvate as an energy source exists at ovulation in many species and is already present in germ cells of the mouse fetus. The metabolic activity of the fertilized mouse egg was shown to be low and comparable to bone; however, four days later, at the blastocyst stage of development, the metabolic activity was comparable to brain. Thus, a foundation of understanding about the biology of early mammalian eggs was established between 1960 and 1970, and subsequent studies have broadened this understanding. However, the greatest impact of a simple, reliable egg culture method has been to provide the ability to perform complicated manipulative procedures on preimplantation stages of mammalian embryos. In no area has this been more important than in development of transgenic animals. All methods for generating germ line genetic modifications rely on the ability to maintain and manipulate eggs and early developmental stages in vitro without loss of developmental competence. The importance of efficient egg culture to manipulation and transgenesis is fundamental and enabling.
How Do Different Knowledge Frameworks Help Us Learn From Aviation Line Observations (2021)

Human performance includes actions that increase safety, as well as actions that can reduce safety. Ensuring safety in complex dynamic operations like commercial aviation depends on the ability to institute appropriate responses based on what is learned from flightcrew performance and the contexts in which it occurs. To do this systemically at the organization level requires collecting data on flightcrew performance, developing effective approaches to analyzing those data, and understanding how to translate what has been learned into policies, procedures, and practice. Systematic observation of front-line operators is a vital source of human performance data. Much has been learned from such observations, including methodological principles. Most observations have been based on a framework focused on managing safety challenges and the ensuing unsafe events. A complementary perspective focuses on flexibility and actions that promote continued safe and effective operation. We consider lessons learned about observational methods from an established framework focused on undesired actions and how these might be extended for a framework focused on desired actions.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 8 from Lyn Kinase Mediates Cell Motility and Tumor Growth in EGFRvIII-Expressing Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 1038KB, S1: Dasatinib treatment decreases migration and invasion in EGFRvIII expressing HNSCC. S2:STAT3 expression in dasatinib and Lyn siRNA treated HNSCC cells. S3: Dasatinib inhibits tumor growth in EGFRvIII expressing xenografts. S4: Increased Lyn phosphorylation in EGFRvIII-expressing HNSCC compared to vector-control cells. S5: Increase in Lyn phosphorylation in three separate clones of HNSCC cell lines Cal33. S6: Lyn siRNA specificity. S7: Knockdown of Lyn inhibits EGFRvIII-mediated HNSCC migration and invasion. S8: Knockdown of Lyn with a second siRNA confirms inhibition of EGFRvIII-mediated HNSCC migration and invasion.&lt;/p&gt;
Biomechanical analysis of multilevel cervical corpectomy and plate constructs (2003)

The construct associated with the two-level corpectomy/discectomy provided better immediate postoperative stability than that associated with the three-level corpectomy. The addition of a screw to the strut graft conferred stability on the three-level construct but not the two-level construct.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Amino‐Substituted 4‐Methyl‐5H‐pyrido(4,3‐b)indoles (γ‐Carbolines) as Tricyclic Analogues of Ellipticines: A New Class of Antineoplastic Agents. (1988)

Abstract Fischer indole cyclization of the hydrazone (I) and subsequent aromatization produce the pyridoindolone (II).
Terahertz spectral imaging and thermal sensing for biomedical applications (2017)

We show a new contactless, non-invasive temperature and hyperspectral mapping method at terahertz (THz) frequencies capable of imaging the thermal and spatial distribution of a drug composite injected in a biological sample, as well as simultaneously verifying its chemical integrity.
In Vitro Evaluation of Bioadhesive Films Containing Ibuprofen (2011)

The aim of this work was to develop films containing ibuprofen and to study their in vitro permeation characteristics across pig ear skin, a valid model for human skin. Films containing 5% (w/w) of ibuprofen were prepared and tested: the effect of the chemical enhancers polyvynil pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, menthol and 2-pyrrolidone was evaluated as well. From the data obtained it can be concluded that the bioadhesive film formulated can act as a dermal/transdermal delivery system for the administration of ibuprofen. The film is easy to handle before the application and then it adapts to skin irregularities increasing the effective contact area. The permeation kinetic across the skin was not linear, suggesting that the film acts as a matrix controlling drug delivery. The introduction of chemical enhancers in the formulation or the application of the film in the presence of menthol did not modify the permeation of ibuprofen across pig ear skin. On the other hand the application of an occlusive layer increased the amount of ibuprofen permeated from the film and the permeation profile obtained was comparable to that obtained from the commercial formulation applied in finite dose conditions. Keywords: Ibuprofen, bioadhesive film, skin permeation, Drug-in-Adhesive (DIA), polyvynil pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, transdermal delivery systems, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastric cytoprotection, renal hemodynamic flux
Human vs. computer slot car racing using an event and frame-based DAVIS vision sensor (2015)

This paper describes an open-source implementation of an event-based dynamic and active pixel vision sensor (DAVIS) for racing human vs. computer on a slot car track. The DAVIS is mounted in "eye-of-god" view. The DAVIS image frames are only used for setup and are subsequently turned off because they are not needed. The dynamic vision sensor (DVS) events are then used to track both the human and computer controlled cars. The precise control of throttle and braking afforded by the low latency of the sensor output enables consistent outperformance of human drivers at a laptop CPU load of <;3% and update rate of 666Hz. The sparse output of the DVS event stream results in a data rate that is about 1000 times smaller than from a frame-based camera with the same resolution and update rate. The scaled average lap speed of the 1/64 scale cars is about 450km/h which is twice as fast as the fastest Formula 1 lap speed. A feedbackcontroller mode allows competitive racing by slowing the computer controlled car when it is ahead of the human. In tests of human vs. computer racing the computer still won more than 80% of the races.
A permanent wireless dynamic monitoring system for the Colosseum in Rome (2018)

The protection of historical monuments from road and subway traffic vibrations is an important responsibility for the administrations of many cities. The structural health of monuments is threatened both by the effects of short-term vibrations due to construction activities and by the consequences of long-term vibrations induced by vehicles and subways. The most important historical constructions are often endowed with monitoring systems to measure and analyze these effects. A state-of-the-art monitoring system has been developed and deployed for the continuous “trigger-free” dynamic monitoring of the Flavian Amphitheater, known as the Colosseum, in Rome, Italy. A new subway line will pass nearby the foundations and there is serious concern that the Monument be damaged. The monitoring system is composed of wireless accelerometers located on the top portion of the North façade of the Monument and has allowed to study the recorded vibrations. The system architecture, the wireless protocol and the data processing are described in detail in this paper. A discussion on the data collected during two years of monitoring is presented, with focus on statistical representations of the dynamic response, which are meaningful and synthetic indicators of the effects induced on the Monument by external actions of both natural and man-made nature.
Lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecules expression in heatstroke and heat stress (1998)

We examined the specificity of the recently reported alterations in circulating lymphocytes in heatstroke by determining lymphocyte subsets in 14 consecutive heatstroke patients before and after cooling and in 7 heat-stressed controls using single- or two-color immunofluorescence flow cytometry. The relationship with catecholamine levels was also studied. In heatstroke, percentages of T (CD3(+)/CD19(-)), T-helper (CD4(+)/CD8(-)), T-inactive [CD3(+)/human leukocyte antigen-DR-], CD11a+, CD11c+, and CD44(+) lymphocytes were significantly decreased, whereas percentages of T-suppressor-cytotoxic (CD8(+)/CD4(-)), natural killer (NK; CD3(-)/CD16(+) or CD56(+)), CD3(+)/CD16(+) or CD56(+), and CD54(+) lymphocytes were significantly increased, compared with 11 normal controls. The changes in the absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets were in the same direction and were significant for T-helper, T-suppressor-cytotoxic, NK, CD3(+)/CD16(+) or CD56(+), and CD11c+ lymphocytes. Milder but significant changes in percentages of T-helper, T-suppressor-cytotoxic, CD11c+, and CD44(+) lymphocytes were seen in heat stress. Cooling was associated with partial or complete normalization, further derangement (CD11a+, CD11c+), or overcorrection (NK, T-suppressor-cytotoxic, CD11b+) of abnormal percentages of lymphocyte subsets. Norepinephrine levels were significantly elevated in heatstroke (4.7-fold) and heat stress (3.2-fold), but did not significantly correlate with lymphocyte subsets. We conclude that heatstroke is associated with significant changes in percentages and in absolute numbers of a wide range of circulating lymphocyte subsets that are not related to elevated catecholamine levels or totally normalized by cooling. Similar, albeit milder, changes are seen in heat stress, suggesting that the two syndromes represent a continuum.
A ADMINISTRAÇÃO POLÍTICA E A GESTÃO DO MODO DE PRODUÇÃO: PROCESSOS GESTORIAIS, DA ORGANIZAÇÃO PRODUTIVA DO TRABALHO À ECONOMIA-MUNDO CAPITALISTA (2008)

PARA HAVER uma apreensao inicial ao se defrontar com o termo “administracao politica”, principalmente por conta do uso mais comum das duas palavras que o compoe: administracao e politica. A primeira, associada a alocacao eficiente de recursos nos sistemas produtivos, e a segunda, com o processo institucional de governo dos Estados Nacionais, parecem tornar o conceito ligado a otimizacao do uso do poder — ou, ate mesmo, a profissionalizacao da atuacao nas esferas de representatividade politica. Deve-se, desde ja, afirmar que este nao e o caso. A terminologia “administracao politica” diz respeito a um processo social concreto, para o qual se chama atencao como objeto de pesquisa principal da Administracao enquanto campo disciplinar.
Chemical composition of lipopolysaccharides isolated from various endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus <i>Herbaspirillum</i> (2010)

Bacteria from the genus Herbaspirillum are endophytes responsible for nitrogen fixation in gramineous plants of economic importance such as maize, sugarcane, sorghum, rice, and wheat. Some species are known to produce plant growth substances. In contrast, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans strains are known to be mild plant pathogens. The molecular communication between the plant and the microbes might involve lipopolysaccharides present in the outer membrane of these gram-negative bacteria. Phenol-water extraction was used to obtain lipopolysaccharides from 7 strains of Herbaspirillum seropedicae (SmR1, Z67, Z78, ZA95, and M2) and H. rubrisubalbicans (M1 and M4). The electrophoretic profiles and chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharides obtained in the phenol and aqueous extracts were shown herein.