gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma biochemical signals associated with exposure to PM2.5 in an ethnically diverse aging population with and without dementia (2021)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Advances in public health have increased the average human lifespan across the globe. As a result, we are observing a greater burden of age-related disorders. The elderly population is particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of air pollution. Using data from participants of the Washington Heights and Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP) in New York City, we assessed the relationship between plasma biochemical signals and exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5). METHODS: As a pilot study, for 107 participants, we generated plasma metabolomic profiles using an untargeted liquid chromatography coupled high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, operated in two modes, using a HILIC column under positive ESI (HILICpos) and a C18 column under negative ESI (C18neg). The annual average level of PM2.5 exposure was predicted based on residential address at the time of enrollment. We modeled the relationship between each plasma biochemical feature, that was present in at least 70% of the samples, and PM2.5 exposure in the year prior to plasma collection using a metabolome wide association framework. The model was adjusted to account for confounding by age, sex, race/ethnicity, the year of plasma collection, and whether or not they were diagnosed with dementia. RESULTS:From the HILICpos mode, 60 metabolic features were significantly associated (FDR 0.05) with PM2.5, including metabolites of cystine. Seventeen features from the C18neg mode, including metabolites of glutamic acid, were significantly associated with PM2.5. Pathway analysis performed using features associated with PM2.5 from both modes revealed changes in metabolism of amino acids, energy production, and oxidative stress response. CONCLUSIONS:Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we found several plasma biochemical signals associated with annual PM2.5 levels in an ethnically diverse aging cohort. These signals could help understand the mechanisms through which PM2.5 exposure can lead to altered metabolic outcomes. KEYWORDS: Air pollution, Particulate matter, Metabolomics, Aging
Robotic three-dimensional imaging system for under-vehicle inspection (2006)

We present our research efforts toward the deployment of 3-D sensing technology to an under-vehicle inspection robot. The 3-D sensing modality provides flexibility with ambient lighting and illumination in addition to the ease of visualization, mobility, and increased confidence toward inspection. We leverage laser-based range-imaging techniques to reconstruct the scene of interest and address various design challenges in the scene modeling pipeline. On these 3-D mesh models, we propose a curvature-based surface feature toward the interpretation of the reconstructed 3-D geometry. The curvature variation measure (CVM) that we define as the entropic measure of curvature quantifies surface complexity indicative of the information present in the surface. We are able to segment the digitized mesh models into smooth patches and represent the automotive scene as a graph network of patches. The CVM at the nodes of the graph describes the surface patch. We demonstrate the descriptiveness of the CVM on manufacturer CAD and laser-scanned models.
Demonstration of synthetic aperture sonar or radar using shallow water waves in a ripple tank with small cylindrical targets (2017)

In an ideal stripmap synthetic aperture radar SAR or synthetic aperture sonar SAS experiment, a collocated transmitter and receiver array, respectively, generate a linear frequency modulated LFM pulse chirp that (1) reflects off of point-like targets that are placed along a smooth surface in the x,y plane and (2) receives backscattered echoes off the targets. The array (located a height h from the surface) may be towed (SAS) or flown (SAR), or in some airborne acoustic applications placed on a vehicle or track. In the stop and hop approximation waves are transmitted and then echoes vs. times are received and recorded at a point location along the track. At discrete locations along the track a set of N echoes are recorded which are pulse compressed using a correlation process. Using a time correlation backprojection algorithm the echoes are used to predict an image of the targets, namely the two-dimension reflectance f(x,y). Using a ripple tank, point-like spherical pulses are generated at locations guided by a linear track. The echoes from several slender cylindrical rods are received by a linear capacitance-to-voltage converter needle like probe [McGoldrick, Rev. Sci. Inst. 42, 359–361(1971)] and backprojection is performed to predict the target locations.
Advantages of semiconductor CZT for medical imaging (2007)

Cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe, or CZT) is a room-temperature semiconductor radiation detector that has been developed in recent years for a variety of applications. CZT has been investigated for many potential uses in medical imaging, especially in the field of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). CZT can also be used in positron emission tomography (PET) as well as photon-counting and integration-mode x-ray radiography and computed tomography (CT). The principal advantages of CZT are 1) direct conversion of x-ray or gamma-ray energy into electron-hole pairs; 2) energy resolution; 3) high spatial resolution and hence high space-bandwidth product; 4) room temperature operation, stable performance, high density, and small volume; 5) depth-of-interaction (DOI) available through signal processing. These advantages will be described in detail with examples from our own CZT systems. The ability to operate at room temperature, combined with DOI and very small pixels, make the use of multiple, stationary CZT "mini-gamma cameras" a realistic alternative to today's large Anger-type cameras that require motion to obtain tomographic sampling. The compatibility of CZT with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-fields is demonstrated for a new type of multi-modality medical imaging, namely SPECT/MRI. For pre-clinical (i.e., laboratory animal) imaging, the advantages of CZT lie in spatial and energy resolution, small volume, automated quality control, and the potential for DOI for parallax removal in pinhole imaging. For clinical imaging, the imaging of radiographically dense breasts with CZT enables scatter rejection and hence improved contrast. Examples of clinical breast images with a dual-head CZT system are shown.
Design and realization of highly integrated isolated DC/DC micro-converter (2009)

International audience
<i>β</i>‐Tricalcium Phosphate Micron Particles Enhance Calcification of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells <i>In Vitro</i> (2013)

β ‐Tricalcium phosphate ( β ‐TCP) micron particles whose diameters range from 1 μ m to 10 μ m have been recently developed, however, their biological effects remain unknown. We investigated the biological effects of β ‐TCP micron particles on proliferation, cytotoxicity, and calcification of human synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs were cultured without dexamethasone, β ‐glycerophosphate, or ascorbic acid. 1.0 mg/mL β ‐TCP micron particles inhibited proliferation of MSCs significantly and increased dead cells. In the contact condition, 0.1 mg/mL β ‐TCP micron particles promoted calcification of MSCs evaluated by alizarin red staining and enhanced mRNA expressions of runx2, osteopontin, and type I collagen. In the noncontact condition, these effects were not observed. 0.1 mg/mL β ‐TCP micron particles increased calcium concentration in the medium in the contact condition, while 1.0 mg/mL β ‐TCP micron particles decreased calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the medium in the noncontact condition. By transmission electron microscopy, β ‐TCP micron particles were localized in the phagosome of MSCs and were dissolved. In conclusion, β ‐TCP micron particles promoted calcification of MSCs and enhanced osteogenesis‐related gene expressions in vitro .
Using VAAST to Identify Disease‐Associated Variants in Next‐Generation Sequencing Data (2014)

The VAAST pipeline is specifically designed to identify disease-associated alleles in next-generation sequencing data. In the protocols presented in this paper, we outline the best practices for variant prioritization using VAAST. Examples and test data are provided for case-control, small pedigree, and large pedigree analyses. These protocols will teach users the fundamentals of VAAST, VAAST 2.0, and pVAAST analyses.
&lt;title&gt;Mechanisms based on piezoactuators&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

In several fields (optics, space, aircraft, fluid control, biomedical, and manufacturing) there is a strong need for compact, robust and efficient positioning mechanisms that also offer high precision, short response times, low power consumption, low electromagnetic interference and multiple degrees of freedom. Piezoelectric actuators are generally good candidates for building such mechanisms. The products manufactured by Cedrat Recherche SA are piezoelectric actuators offering compact size, high deformation (up to 1%) and high stiffness. These actuators have successfully passed different qualification tests (air and space qualification, lifetime tests). They can easily be integrated in applications, as shown by examples of mechanisms taken from various fields: a super amplified actuator for a MRI biomedical device, a tip-tilt for mirrors, a chopper for X-ray diffraction, a helicopter flap mechanism and an XYZ stage for the AFM microscope of the MIDAS instrument of the ESA ROSETTA space mission.
Three-dimensional visualization of fossil flowers, fruits, seeds, and other plant remains using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM): new insights into Cretaceous plant diversity (2014)

The application of synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) to the study of mesofossils of Cretaceous age has created new possibilities for the three-dimensional visualization and analysis of the external and internal structure of critical plant fossil material. SRXTM provides cellular and subcellular resolution of comparable or higher quality to that obtained from permineralized material using thin sections or the peel technique. SRXTM also has the advantage of being non-destructive and results in the rapid acquisition of large quantities of data in digital form. SRXTM thus refocuses the effort of the investigator from physical preparation to the digital post-processing of X-ray tomographic data, which allows great flexibility in the reconstruction, visualization, and analysis of the internal and external structure of fossil material in multiple planes and in two or three dimensions. A review of recent applications in paleobotany demonstrates that SRXTM will dramatically expand the level of information available for diverse fossil plants. Future refinement of SRXTM approaches that further increases resolution and eases digital post-processing, will transform the study of mesofossils and create new possibilities for advancing paleobotanical knowledge. We illustrate these points using a variety of Cretaceous mesofossils, highlighting in particular those cases where SRXTM has been essential for resolving critical structural details that have enhanced systematic understanding and improved phylogenetic interpretations.
Mitigating the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of alloy 625 by friction-stir welding (2022)

In this work, friction-stir welding (FSW) was employed to alloy 625 grade I (soft annealed) sheets. Therefore, solid-state based welding was undertaken with a tool rotational speed of 200 rpm and a welding speed of 1 mm/s. Microstructural features were analyzed by light optical and scanning electron microscopy (LOM and SEM). Moreover, microhardness measurements were performed. The susceptibility to intergranular corrosion was verified by the double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test. Complementary, intergranular corrosion was also evaluated by the ASTM G28 Method A. FSW promoted grain refinement, increased microhardness, and reduction in the degree of sensitization. Finally, the mean corrosion rate observed in the ASTM G28 Method A test was 0.4406 mm/year, which suggests a good weld quality.
Accelerated Maturation of Non‐cycling Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐derived neurons for High Content Screening (2021)

Human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived (iPSC) neurons are increasingly being used as a platform for neurological disease modeling, high throughput/content screening and drug discovery. However, the differentiation and maturation of iPSC‐derived neurons is not standardized and varies in methodology ( i.e. , timing) limiting their usefulness in automated drug screening platforms. To generate mature iPS‐derived neurons for high content screening, we derived neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) from the normal iPSC control lines, 7545‐5b and 7753, using monolayer derivation methods. We differentiated these NPCs under environmental oxygen (21%) conditions and discerned that mature neuronal markers were predominantly expressed by 12 weeks post‐differentiation. When we differentiated and matured 7753‐ and 7545‐derived neuronal cultures under physiological (5%) oxygen levels, however, iPS neuronal maturation was markedly accelerated with increased gene and protein expression of mature neuronal markers ( i.e. , calretinin, calbindin, NeuN) being seen at 6 weeks post differentiation. Further modifications of the underlying extracellular matrix ( i.e. , poly‐D‐ornithine, laminin), and medium composition and transition shifted the expression of mature neuronal markers to 4 weeks post‐differentiation. This coincided with the cessation of the neurogenesis burst which occurred between weeks 2 and 3 post‐differentiation. qPCR microarray and western blot data as well as single cell analyses showed that 4 week iPS neuronal cultures were non‐cycling with decreased expression of cyclin D1 and Ki67. Further optimization of cell seeding density and incubations ameliorated edge effects associated with prolonged cell culturing. Taken together, we have developed conditions for the derivation of a mature iPSC‐derived neurons in 4 weeks, which are amenable to high throughput and high content screening applications.
Rapid Triacylglycerol Turnover in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Requires a Lipase with Broad Substrate Specificity (2012)

When deprived of nitrogen (N), the photosynthetic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates large quantities of triacylglycerols (TAGs), making it a promising source of biofuel. Prominent transcriptional changes associated with the conditions leading to TAG accumulation have been found, suggesting that the key enzymes for TAG metabolism might be among those that fluctuate in their expression during TAG synthesis and breakdown. Using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipase null mutant strain for functional complementation, we identified the CrLIP1 gene from Chlamydomonas based on its ability to suppress the lipase deficiency-related phenotypes of the yeast mutant. In Chlamydomonas, an inverse correlation was found between the CrLIP1 transcript level and TAG abundance when Chlamydomonas cultures were reversibly deprived of N. The CrLIP1 protein expressed and purified from Escherichia coli exhibited lipolytic activity against diacylglycerol (DAG) and polar lipids. The lipase domain of CrLIP1 is most similar to two human DAG lipases, DAGLα and DAGLβ. The involvement of CrLIP1 in Chlamydomonas TAG hydrolysis was corroborated by reducing the abundance of the CrLIP1 transcript with an artificial micro-RNA, which resulted in an apparent delay in TAG lipolysis when N was resupplied. Together, these data suggest that CrLIP1 facilitates TAG turnover in Chlamydomonas primarily by degrading the DAG presumably generated from TAG hydrolysis.
Stereochemical Studies. XXI. Studies on α-Alkyl-α-amino Acids. XV. Application of Thermal Isocyanide-Cyanide Rearrangement to &lt;I&gt;R-S&lt;/I&gt; Conversion of α-Methylphenylalanine (1973)

R-S Conversion of R (+)-α-methylphenylalanine (R (+)-V), one of the typical α-alkyloc-amino acids, was accomplished with 75.6% retention of its optical integrity, since the R (+)-isocyanide (R (+)-X) easily derived from R (+)-V afforded the S (+)-cyanide (S (+)-XI) with 75.6% retention of configuration when a diphenyl ether solution of R (+)-X was heated at 280°.Preliminary experiments using racemic compounds were also reported in experimental part.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Lung Function Tests in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease &amp; Cardiovascular Diseases (2022)

BACKGROUND We wanted to assess the significance of diagnosis and prognosis of lung function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) &amp; cardiovascular diseases in this study. METHODS This study was conducted among 200 patients in the outpatient departments of General Medicine and Cardiology of King George Hospital/AMC. Data was collected with Spirometer machine (Digital), HELIOS-401, Recorders &amp; Medicare Systems Pvt. Ltd, Haryana, Chandigarh-160002, India. The data were entered into MS Excel and analysed in SPSS v21. RESULTS Of the 200 patients enrolled in the study, 146 (73 %) were males and 54 (27 %) were females with an average age of 50.38 ± 9.86 yrs. In the study population, pulmonary function parameters were significantly different in COPD compared to control and a P- value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The difference in pulmonary function parameters between Controls, COPD, Post MI &amp; Post MI &amp; COPD groups was statistically significant. Whereas the pulmonary function parameters between the post-MI and controls were not statistically significantly different with a P-value of more than 0.05. In the study population, the pulmonary function parameters were significantly different between the Post MI and control, COPD and control, Post MI with COPD and control. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of COPD was done by the Lung function test which is considered the gold standard test. The lung function was improved in Post MI cases of more than one-month duration. KEY WORDS Lung Function Tests, COPD, Cardiovascular Diseases, Spirometry
Bench‐to‐bedside: Bridge‐enhanced anterior cruciate ligament repair (2017)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most well-known orthopaedic injuries and are treated with one of the most common orthopaedic procedures performed in the United States. This surgical procedure, ACL reconstruction, is successful at restoring the gross stability of the knee. However, the outcomes of ACL reconstruction can be limited by short and long-term complications, including muscle weakness, graft rupture, and premature osteoarthritis. Thus, new methods of treating this injury are being explored. This review details the pathway of how a tissue engineering strategy can be used to improve the healing of the ACL in preclinical studies and then translated to patients in an FDA-approved clinical study. This review paper will outline the clinical importance of ACL injuries, history of primary repair, the pathology behind failure of the ACL to heal, pre-clinical studies, the FDA approval process for a high risk medical device, and the preliminary results from a first-in-human study. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2606-2612, 2017.
The effect of annealing and mechanical constraint on the morphology structure and stiffness of ultrahigh‐modulus polyethylene (1981)

Abstract A study has been made of the effects of annealing at high temperature (130°C) on the dynamic mechanical properties and melting behavior of a series of ultrahigh‐modulus polyethylenes. Although annealing always resulted in a substantial decrease in modulus, there were marked differences between samples of moderate draw ratio, depending on whether they are annealed at constant length or unconstrained. On the other hand, the differences were small for high‐draw‐ratio samples, indicating their greater thermal stability. In all cases the −50°C plateau modulus correlated well with the degree of crystal continuity estimated from wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction measurements of crystal length combined with small‐angle measurements of the long period. The corresponding changes in melting behavior were entirely consistent with the changes observed in the mechanical stiffness. Both types of measurement together with the x‐ray results have been used to gain an understanding of the morphological changes occurring on annealing.
Statistical Study of Effective Anisotropy Field in Ordered Ferromagnetic Nanowire Arrays (2007)

Soft ferromagnetic nanowire arrays were obtained by electrodeposition of Co-Fe-P alloy into the pores of high quality home-made anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Bath acidity and current density were the two parameters used in order to tailor the orientation of local anisotropy axes in individual nanowires. In order to quantify the influence of the induced anisotropies on the magnetization processes in individual nanowires, the in-plane magnetization loops of the arrays are modeled as log-normal distributions of Stoner-Wohlfarth transverse magnetization processes. Using the lognormal mean parameter as an approximation for the saturation applied field of the array, we compute the effective anisotropy of the nanowires, which is found to increase with the pH of the electrodeposition bath.
On the Integration of SPC and APC: APC Can Be a Convenient Support for SPC (2012)

This paper is developed from Higashide et al. (Front Stat Qual Control 9:71–84, 2010). Automatic process control (APC) is frequently used in the semiconductor manufacturing process; however, statistical process control (SPC) is also needed to control the APC controller. This is an earlier paradigm on the integration of SPC and APC. Our viewpoint is different from the earlier one as follows: Through case studies on the semiconductor manufacturing process, the remarks above are discussed. Our proposals for the integration of SPC and APC are as follows: These proposals can lead to developments of the traditional $$\bar{X} - R$$ charts.
Volumic patient-specific reconstruction of muscular system based on a reduced dataset of medical images (2008)

Three-dimensional mechanical modelling of muscles is essential for various biomechanical applications and clinical evaluation, but it requires a tedious manual processing of numerous images. A muscle reconstruction method is presented based on a reduced set of images to generate an approximate parametric object from basic dimensions of muscle contours. A regular volumic mesh is constructed based on this parametric object. The approximate object and the corresponding mesh are deformed to fit the exact muscles contours yielding patient-specific geometry. Evaluation was performed by comparison of geometry to that obtained by contouring all computed tomography (CT) slices, and by quantification of the mesh quality criteria. Muscle fatty infiltration was estimated using a threshold between fat and muscle. Volumic fat index (VFI) of a muscle was computed using first all the complete CT scan slices containing the muscle (VFI(ref)) and a second time only the slices used for reconstruction (VFI(recons)). Mean volume error estimation was 2.6% and hexahedron meshes fulfilled quality criteria. VFI(recons) respect the individual variation of fat content.
Satellite Antennas for Broadband Mobile Communications Missions (2003)

The paper discusses the evolution of satellite antennas for broadband mobile communications missions, analysing different configurations with respect to the requirements of a prospected 3G broadband mobile satellite mission.