gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain Tissue Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and pH in Neurosurgical Patients at Risk for Ischemia (1996)

A sensor that measures oxygen pressure (PO2), carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2), and pH was evaluated in brain tissue of patients at risk for ischemia. The sensor is 0.5 mm in diameter and was inserted into cortex tissue in 14 patients undergoing craniotomy for cerebrovascular surgery. A compromised cerebral circulation was identified in 8 of 14 patients by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan, cerebral angiography, and transient ischemic episodes before surgery. Under baseline conditions with isoflurane anesthesia and normal blood gases, tissue P02 was lower in the eight compromised compared to six noncompromised patients (noncompromised 37 +/- 12 mm Hg, compromised 10 +/- 5 mm Hg; P < 0.05), PCO2 was increased (noncompromised 49 +/- 5 mm Hg, compromised 72 +/- 23 mm Hg; P < 0.05), and pH was decreased (noncompromised 7.16 +/- 0.08, compromised 6.82 +/- 0.21; P < 0.05). Critical tissue values for the identification of ischemia were a P02 of 20 mm Hg, PCO2 of 60 mm Hg, and a pH of 7.0. These results suggest that brain tissue measures of P02, PCO2, and pH provide information on the adequacy of cerebral perfusion in neurosurgical patients.
Development of a Belt Conveyor Cooling System for Concrete Aggregates (2011)

Using hot aggregates, in concrete production, results in a drop in compressive strength of the produced concrete. Various methods have been proposed for cooling concrete aggregates. This paper proposes a new design for a conveyor system for cooling the aggregates during hot seasons. Simulation of the heat flow during the cooling process over the conveyor is analyzed with the objective of understanding the effect of the various design parameters and achieving minimum cooling time with the least possible power. A finite element model for the new design is proposed and discussed. Challenges facing numerical simulation are addressed in this paper. The results of the finite element analysis of the new design are presented for various initial conditions and cooling rates.
A Channel Assignment Algorithm for Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks (2007)

The focus of this paper is on wireless mesh networks. In particular, we study the multi-radio case, given the considerable improvement in network throughput that multiple radios allow to achieve and the availability of cost-effective wireless devices. Interesting research problems are still unsolved in this field. Due to the scarcity of non-overlapped frequency channels and available radios per node, interference is still present, which cuts the achievable throughput down. As interference depends on how channels are bound to radio interfaces, a proper channel assignment scheme is needed to reduce the interference. In this paper we identify some key requirements of a channel assignment scheme. Accordingly, a centralized channel assignment algorithm is developed for multi-radio wireless mesh networks in order to maximize the throughput and address the interference problems. Finally, a performance study is presented to assess the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of (<i>E</i>)‐5‐[1‐(2‐Oxo‐1‐oxaspiro[4,5]dec/non‐3‐en‐3‐yl)ethylidene]‐2‐aminoimidazolin‐4‐one Derivatives (2017)

Abstract The novel fungicidal agents, ( E )‐5‐[1‐(2‐oxo‐1‐oxaspiro[4,5]dec/non‐3‐en‐3‐yl)ethylidene]‐2‐aminoimidazolin‐ 4‐one derivatives, were designed and synthesized in moderate to excellent yields in four steps using α ‐hydroxyketone and diketene as raw materials and characterized by HR‐ESI‐MS , 1 H NMR and X‐ray diffraction. The preliminary bioassay showed that some of these compounds, such as 5e , 6a , 6e , and 7 h exhibit 87.8%, 91.3%, 89.9% and 87.8% inhibition rates against Sclerotinia scleotiorum , 3b , 3c , 4c and 7 h exhibit 96.4%, 92.5%, 90.3% and 76.9% inhibition rates against Phytophthora capsici at the concentration of 50 µg/ mL , respectively. These compounds exhibited significant fungicidal activities against S. scleotiorum and P. capsici with EC 50 values of 2.56–11.60 µg/ mL , and compounds 6e and 7 h exhibited weak inhibition against the spore germination of S. scleotiorum , while the spore germination of P. capsici was strongly inhibited by compound 7 h solution. Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) observation indicated that compound 7 h had a significant impact on the structure and function of the hyphal cell wall of P. capsici mycelium.
The Biochemical Toxin Arsenal from Ant Venoms (2016)

Ants (Formicidae) represent a taxonomically diverse group of hymenopterans with over 13,000 extant species, the majority of which inject or spray secretions from a venom gland. The evolutionary success of ants is mostly due to their unique eusociality that has permitted them to develop complex collaborative strategies, partly involving their venom secretions, to defend their nest against predators, microbial pathogens, ant competitors, and to hunt prey. Activities of ant venom include paralytic, cytolytic, haemolytic, allergenic, pro-inflammatory, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and pain-producing pharmacologic activities, while non-toxic functions include roles in chemical communication involving trail and sex pheromones, deterrents, and aggregators. While these diverse activities in ant venoms have until now been largely understudied due to the small venom yield from ants, modern analytical and venomic techniques are beginning to reveal the diversity of toxin structure and function. As such, ant venoms are distinct from other venomous animals, not only rich in linear, dimeric and disulfide-bonded peptides and bioactive proteins, but also other volatile and non-volatile compounds such as alkaloids and hydrocarbons. The present review details the unique structures and pharmacologies of known ant venom proteinaceous and alkaloidal toxins and their potential as a source of novel bioinsecticides and therapeutic agents.
GridSpice: A Distributed Simulation Platform for the Smart Grid (2014)

This paper describes GridSpice, a scalable open-source simulation framework for modeling, designing, and planning of the smart grid. GridSpice seamlessly integrates existing electric power simulation tools to enable modeling of large electric networks that blur the boundaries between generation, transmission, distribution, and markets. This is achieved via a cloud-based architecture that allows for parallelizing large simulation jobs across many virtual machines using a pay-as-you-go model. GridSpice simulations can be managed through a Representational State Transfer (REST) application programming interface (API), or through a Python library, allowing users to run simulations programmatically and interface with disparate data inputs, energy management systems (EMS), distribution management systems (DMS), and postprocessing tools. These capabilities make GridSpice an ideal tool for the development and testing of new grid control and optimization algorithms. GridSpice also provides an easy-to-use browser-based interface to allow novice users to begin without any setup or configuration on their local PC. A first implementation of the GridSpice framework integrates Gridlab-D and MATPOWER as simulation tools, and has been used for projects including optimizing the placement of distributed generation and developing optimal dispatch schedules for flexible loads. The GridSpice framework and Gridlab-D are freely available in open-source under the BSD license.
Oat Plant Amyloids for Sustainable Functional Materials (Adv. Sci. 4/2022) (2022)

Functional Amyloid Materials The cover art represents an artist view of the black/white Janus aerogels floating over the surface of an imaginary lake surrounded by cows producing the milk proteins from which the aerogels are produced. These aerogels can serve for solar‐based water purification, producing safe drinking water at virtually no cost and no energy, besides the freely available, and unlimited solar energy. More details can be found in article number 2104445 by Raffaele Mezzenga and co‐workers. [Image: see text]
Electron transport in CeO&lt;inf&gt;x&lt;/inf&gt;-based resistive switching devices (2012)

The electron transport in electroformed W/CeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> /SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /NiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> capacitors grown onto a p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -type Si substrate is investigated within the framework of the Landauer theory for mesoscopic systems. It is shown that the devices exhibit bipolar resistive switching with conductance levels in the low resistance state (LRS) of the order of integer and half integer values of the quantum conductance unit G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> = 2e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /h. This is consistent with the so-called nonlinear conduction regime in quantum point contacts. A simple model for the LRS I-V characteristics which accounts for the available right- and left-going conduction modes allowed by the constriction's size and the voltage drop distribution along the filamentary path is presented.
Maintaining Cytocompatibility of Biopolymers Through a Graphene Layer for Electrical Stimulation of Nerve Cells (2013)

Here, the utility of large‐area graphene as a flexible, biocompatible electrode to stimulate cell growth is demonstrated. Chemical vapor deposition allows the production of highly crystalline, single, double, or few‐layered graphene on copper substrates. The subsequent transfer to a biopolymer support, such as polylactic acid (PLA) or polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) copolymers, provides a unique electrode structure retaining the flexibility and surface properties of the underlying materials with a conductive graphene layer sufficient to enable electrical communication with excitable cells. The growth and compatibility of PC‐12 cells on these graphene‐biopolymer (GPB) electrodes is influenced more by the underlying polymer than the presence of graphene, demonstrating that the characteristics influencing biocompatibility have been retained after graphene modification. Differentiation of these cells into neural phenotypes is enhanced using electrical stimulation through the graphene conductive layer, confirming that the conductivity of graphene is sufficient to electrically communicate with cells grown on the surface. The process described herein demonstrates that non‐conducting, flexible biopolymer surfaces can be easily coated with graphene without changing the biocompatibility of the materials. This could be used to create electrodes from non‐conducting materials with optimized cell compatibility with graphene providing electrical properties suitable for stimulation of cells without greatly changing the surface properties.
Accurate Determination of the CO<sub>2</sub>–Brine Interfacial Tension Using Graphical Alternating Conditional Expectation (2013)

A newly developed CO2–brine interfacial tension (IFT) correlation based on the alternating condition expectation (ACE) algorithm has been successfully proposed to more accurately estimate the CO2–brine IFT for a wide range of reservoir pressure, temperature, formation water salinity and injected gas composition. The new CO2–brine correlation is expressed as a function of reservoir pressure, temperature, monovalent cation molalities (Na+ and K+), bivalent cation molalities (Ca2+ and Mg2+), N2 mole fraction and CH4 mole fraction in injected gas. This prediction model is originated from a CO2–brine IFT database from the literature that covers 1609 CO2–brine IFT data for pure and impure CO2 streams. To test the validity and accuracy of the developed CO2–brine IFT model, the entire dataset was divided into two groups: a training database consisting of 805 points and a testing dataset consisting of 804 points, which was arbitrarily selected from the total database. To further examine its predicted capacity, the new CO2–brine IFT correlation is validated with four commonly used pure CO2–pure water IFT correlations in the literature, it is found that the new CO2–brine IFT correlation provides the comprehensive and accurate reproduction of the literature pure CO2–pure water IFT data with an average absolute relative error (% AARE) of 12.45% and standard deviation (% SD) of 18.57%, respectively. In addition, the newly developed CO2–brine IFT correlation results in the accurate prediction of the CO2–brine IFT with a % AARE of 10.19% and % SD of 13.16%, respectively, compared to two CO2–brine IFT correlations. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed based on the Spearman correlation coefficients (rank correlation coefficients). The major factor influenced on the CO2–brine IFT is reservoir pressure, which has a major negative impact on the CO2–brine IFT. In contrast, the effects of CO2 impurities and salt components in the water on the CO2–brine IFT are in the following order in terms of their positive impact: bivalent cation molalities (Ca2+ and Mg2+), CH4, N2, and monovalent cation molalities (Na+ and K+).
Oxygen Reduction Activity of Carbon-Conductive Polymer-Silver Composite Electrodes (2012)

Preparation, characterization, and electrochemical activity of a novel three-component composite electrode consisting of a carbon substrate with conductive polymer and silver coatings are described here. The composite electrode concept is described and the composite electrode is evaluated as a cathode for non-aqueous oxygen reduction. Improvement of cathode oxygen reduction activity will increase current capability and power output of metal air batteries, facilitating future development of small, lightweight, long-life power sources.
Characterization of a temperature-Controlled FAIMS system (2007)

High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) focuses and separates gas-phase analyte ions from chemical background, offering substantial improvements in the detection of targeted species in biological matrices. Ion separations have been typically performed at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature, although routine small molecule quantitation by LC-MS (and thus LC-FAIMS-MS) is generally performed at liquid flow rates (e.g., in excess of 200 microL/min) in which atmospheric pressure ionization sources (e.g., APCI and ESI) need to be run at elevated temperatures to enhance ion desolvation. Heat from the ionization source and/or the mass spectrometer capillary interface is shown to have a significant impact on the performance of a conventional FAIMS electrode set. This study introduces a new FAIMS system that uses gas heating/cooling to quickly reach temperature equilibrium independent of the external temperature conditions. A series of equations and balance plots, which look at the effect of temperature and other variables, on the normalized field strength (E/N), are introduced and used to explain experimental observations. Examples where the ion behavior deviates from the predicted behavior are presented and explanations based on clusters or changes in ion-neutral interactions are given. Consequences of the use of temperature control, and in particular advantages of using different temperature settings on the inner and outer electrodes, for the purpose of manipulating ion separation are described.
Rifampicin inhibits the toxicity of pre-aggregated amyloid peptides by binding to peptide fibrils and preventing amyloid-cell interaction (1997)

Rifampicin and its analogues, p-benzoquinone and hydroquinone, inhibited the toxicity of preformed aggregates of human islet amyloid polypeptide, amylin, to rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, when preincubated with the aggregated peptide before addition to cell cultures. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that they prevented the adhesion of amylin aggregates to the cell surface, and this effect was induced probably by their binding to peptide fibrils during preincubation. Other quinone derivatives, i.e., p-methoxyphenol, AA-861 and idebenone, failed to inhibit the toxicity and cell-surface adhesion of amylin aggregates. Rifampicin analogues also inhibited the toxicity of pre-aggregated amyloid beta1-42 peptides, suggesting a common toxic mechanism of different amyloid peptides and their therapeutic potential for several amyloidoses.
Interim Safety Data Comparing Ranibizumab With Panretinal Photocoagulation Among Participants With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (2017)

Protocol S of the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01489189) compares intravitreous ranibizumab vs panretinal photocoagulation (
Malformações congênitas em regiões de monocultivo no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil (2017)

Objective: to analyze the association between the use of agrochemicals and congenital malformations in municipalities with greater exposure, as well as to evaluate the nature of the correlation between the trend observed and the volume of agrochemicals considered as endocrine disruptors in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 1994 and 2014. Model Study: Cross-sectional study, exploratory, descriptive and quantitative character. Method: Rates of malformations for the periods 1994-2003 and 2004-2014 were calculated from the information on live births available at SINASC/Ministry of Health. Odds Ratio tested the association between types of malformations and variables for each variable separately. The significance was set at p&lt;0.05. Results: there was an increasing trend in the rates of congenital malformation in the state of Minas Gerais, especially at Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paraíba and Vale do Mucuri/Jequitinhonha regions. It was found that the rates for congenital malformations were higher for the years of greatest exposure (2004-2014) and had a statistically significant association for all congenital malformations in the state of Minas Gerais. Conclusion: Maternal exposure to pesticides was related with higher incidence of congenital malformations.
Photophysical Properties of Ruthenium(II) Tris(2,2‘-bipyridine) Complexes Bearing Conjugated Thiophene Appendages (2006)

A small series of ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridine) complexes has been synthesized in which ethynylated thiophene residues are attached to one of the 2,2'-bipyridine ligands. The photophysical properties depend on the conjugation length of the thiophene-based ligand, and in each case, dual emission is observed. The two emitting states reside in thermal equilibrium at ambient temperature and can be resolved by emission spectral curve-fitting routines. This allows the properties of the two states to be evaluated in both fluid butyronitrile solution and a transparent KBr disk. It is concluded that both emitting states are of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) character, and despite the presence of conjugated thiophene residues, there is no indication for a low-lying pi,pi*-triplet state that promotes nonradiative decay of the excited-state manifold. A key feature of these systems is that the conjugation length imposed by the thiophene-based ligand helps to control the rate constants for both radiative and nonradiative decay from the two MLCT triplet states.
Wavefront analysis of high-efficiency, large-scale, thin transmission gratings (2014)

Large-scale (180 × 60 × 1 mm(3)) transmission gratings with groove densities of 1250 and 1740 lines/mm have been developed, resulting in diffraction efficiencies above 95%. The throughput of a folded pulse compressor with two large-scale transmission gratings was approximately 80% in a 20-fs Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) laser. The parabolic bending of the transmission grating due to anti-reflection (AR) coating was minimized to 2.9 λ at 633 nm by improving the evaporation process. By a simple analysis, we explain why this level of bending does not induce a wavefront distortion through the transmission grating near the Littrow condition while the wavefront from a reflection grating is distorted to nearly twice the bending of the grating. The calculation based on the measured bending shows that both the group delay difference relative to the ideally flat grating from 750 to 850 nm and the spatial pulse front distortion over a 60-mm-diameter input beam are negligible, even when the dispersive beam covers ~140 mm on the grating. The spatial pulse front distortion measured after the compressor was less than the measurement limit (1.5 fs) for a 20-mm-diameter beam, where the beam size in the dispersive direction on the grating was 85 mm.
Cyclin dependent kinase 4 as promising drug target in adrenocortical carcinoma (2019)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Milk derived colloid as a novel drug delivery carrier for breast cancer (2015)

Triple negative breast cancer has an extremely poor prognosis when chemotherapy is no longer effective. To overcome drug resistance, novel drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles have had remarkable success. We produced a novel nanoparticle component 'MDC' from milk-derived colloid. In order to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of MDC, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments on cancer cell lines and a primary tumor derived breast xenograft. Doxorubicin (Dox) conjugated to MDC (MDC-Dox) showed higher cancer cell growth inhibition than MDC alone especially in cell lines with high EGFR expression. In a mouse melanoma model, MDC-Dox significantly suppressed tumor growth when compared with free Dox. Moreover, in a primary tumor derived breast xenograft, one of the mice treated with MDC-Dox showed partial regression, while mice treated with free Dox failed to show any suppression of tumor growth. We have shown that a novel nanoparticle compound made of simple milk-derived colloid has the capability for drug conjugation, and serves as a tumor-specific carrier of anti-cancer drugs. Further research on its safety and ability to carry various anti-cancer drugs into multiple drug-resistant primary breast models is warranted.