gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soil temperature and plant growth stage influence nitrogen uptake and amino acid concentration of apple during early spring growth (2001)

In spring, nitrogen (N) uptake by apple roots begins about 3 weeks after bud break. We used 1-year-old 'Fuji' Malus domestica Borkh on M26 bare-root apple trees to determine whether the onset of N uptake in spring is dependent solely on the growth stage of the plant or is a function of soil temperature. Five times during early season growth, N uptake and total amino acid concentration were measured in trees growing at aboveground day/night temperatures of 23/15 degrees C and belowground temperatures of 8, 12, 16 or 20 degrees C. We used (15NH4)(15NO3) to measure total N uptake and rate of uptake and found that both were significantly influenced by both soil temperature and plant growth stage. Rate of uptake of 15N increased with increasing soil temperature and changed with plant growth stage. Before bud break, 15N was not detected in trees growing in the 8 degrees C soil treatment, whereas 15N uptake increased with increasing soil temperatures between 12 and 20 degrees C. Ten days after bud break, 15N was still not detected in trees growing in the 8 degrees C soil treatment, although total 15N uptake and uptake rate continued to increase with increasing soil temperatures between 12 and 20 degrees C. Twenty-one days after bud break, trees in all temperature treatments were able to acquire 15N from the soil, although the amount of uptake increased with increasing soil temperature. Distribution of 15N in trees changed as plants grew. Most of the 15N absorbed by trees before bud break (approximately 5% of 15N supplied per tree) remained in the roots. Forty-six days after bud break, approximately one-third of the 15N absorbed by the trees in the 12-20 degrees C soil temperature treatments remained in the roots, whereas the shank, stem and new growth contained about two-thirds of the 15N taken up by the roots. Total amino acid concentration and distribution of amino acids in trees changed with plant growth stage, but only the amino acid concentration in new growth and roots was affected by soil temperature. We conclude that a combination of low soil temperature and plant developmental stage influences the ability of apple trees to take up and use N from the soil in the spring. Thus, early fertilizer application in the spring when soil temperatures are low or when the aboveground portion of the tree is not actively growing may be ineffective in promoting N uptake.
Calculation Method for Uplift Capacity of Suction Caisson in Sand Considering Different Drainage Conditions (2022)

Uplift capacity of suction caissons is one of the main concerns in the design of jackets with multi-caissons supported offshore wind turbine. The uplift movement of suction caissons leads to soil stress variation and increases the difficulty to predict the uplift capacity. In this paper, a calculation method considering soil stress release and differential pressure contribution is proposed to predict the uplift capacity of caisson. Firstly, a series of numerical simulations based on the SANISAND model are conducted to study the uplift responses of suction caisson in sand, and it is verified with centrifuge test results. Considering the soil drainage condition during caisson being pulled out, the fully drained, partially drained and undrained are divided, and an equation is provided to assess differential pressure beneath the caisson lid incorporating the effects of main factors. Based on the above simulation results, a calculation method is proposed to calculate the uplift capacity of caissons. The prediction results are compared with the centrifuge model tests and previous studies, which indicate that the prediction accuracy is much improved. This proposed method contributes to the more accurate assessment of uplift capacity of suction caisson in sand.
Fault tolerant attitude controller for a class of additive faults via High-Order Sliding Modes**J. Davila gratefully acknowledge the financial support from CONACyT under grant 151855, Fondo Institucional del CONACYT under grant 209247, and SIP-IPN under grant 20161192. (2016)

In this paper, an autopilot for attitude tracking is designed using disturbance compensation techniques. The proposed controller uses backstepping design procedure and combines the feedback linearization technique with high-order sliding-modes based identification for fault tolerant control. System faults and external disturbances are compensated by a differentiable term generated by means of the robust exact high-order sliding-modes differentiator. The control signal generated for the controller does not require filtration. Simulations illustrate the performance of the proposed controller in the rigid body model of an F-16 aircraft.
Free thyroxine depletion modulated by exogenous l-triiodothyronine and cancer survival: An observational study. (2014)

e22160 Background: L-thyroxine may be a growth factor for various cancers. Methods: Patients with advanced cancers were made L-thyroxine-deficient and given supplemental L-triiodothyronine. Prior pre-clinical and clinical studies have indicated that lowering serum free thyroxine (FT4) was associated with extended survival in patients with advanced cancers. The objectives of this study were to (a) substitute L-tri-iodothyronine [T3] for L-thyroxine [T4] as replacement therapy for pre-existent hypothyroidism or (b) in euthyroid patients, to use methimazole to induce hypothyroxinemia while adding T3 in an effort to maintain eumetabolism and prevent the compensatory rise in TSH. Twenty-three patients from internationally dispersed locations were either self-referred or recommended by attending physicians to the principal investigator. All patients had advanced cancers of the brain, ovary, lung, pancreas, salivary gland, breast, mesothelioma and soft-tissue sarcomas. Serum FT4 and TSH were serially monitored to enable drug adjustments. Survival was measured from the date of initiation of T3 replacement and/or induction of FT4 deficiency. Outcomes were compared to the odds of death based on SEER and AJCC databases as well as literature reports. Overall, given the wide spectrum of cancers, survival time of 87% [19 of 23] patients exceeded the 20% expected 1 year survival for that patient group. The difference between the actual and expected survival was significant at the P < 0.01 level We conclude that although this is an observational study with obvious limitations, our data suggest that consideration should be given to the use of T3 adjuvant therapy to maintain low FT4 in patients with advanced cancers. Results: Patients so-treated seemed to have prolonged survival. Conclusions: Depleting L-thyroxine, because it may be a tumor growth factor, may prolong survival.
Figure S3 from [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]Fluorocholine and [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]Fluoroacetate PET as Imaging Biomarkers to Assess Phosphatidylcholine and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Preclinical Models of TSC and LAM (2023)

&lt;p&gt;[18F]FCH and [18F]FACE-PET images of LAM patient renal angiomyolipoma-derived tumor xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 2 from Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Is a Critical Transcriptional Regulator of Melanoma Inhibitor of Apoptosis in Melanomas (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Is a Critical Transcriptional Regulator of Melanoma Inhibitor of Apoptosis in Melanomas
Experimental Validation of the Three Dimensional Inverse Scattering Imaging Method and Attempt of Enhancement of Signal-Noise Ratio by Delayed Excitations with Multi-elements (2013)

Ultrasonic array transducers are widely used in nondestructive testing of structural components. Recently, not only a linear array transducer but also a matrix array transducer is introduced to evaluate the position and shape of flaws. In this study, an inverse analysis method is developed by means of a matrix array transducer in order to reconstruct three dimensional (3D) shape of flaws. The method is based on the linearized inverse scattering method in the frequency domain and can perform shape reconstruction of flaws by fast inversion algorithms with the 3D FFT. The 3D inverse scattering imaging method (ISIM) is validated by an immersion ultrasonic measurement which imitates the matrix array ultrasonic testing. Since the size of an element of the matrix array transducer is small in general, the enhancement of the signal to noise ratio is required for the application of the 3D ISIM to actual fields. Here, ultrasonic beams generated by delayed excitations with multi-elements are applied to amplify the incident spherical wave, and its performance is checked by numerical simulations and experimental measurements.
Impact du lagunage et de l'épandage de déchets organiques sur la diffusion et l'évolution de bactéries pathogènes de l’homme (2009)

Programme : Santé et Environnement - Santé Travail (SEST) ISRN : ANR 2005-2008, SEST 009
Quantities Directly Measurable by Scattering (2018)

In this chapter we note that solution scattering data can be divided into four regions. At zero scattering angle, the scattering provides information on molecular weight of the particle in solution. Beyond that, the scattering is influenced by the radius of gyration. As the scattering angle increases, the scattering is influenced by the particle shape, and finally by the interface with the particle and the solution. There are a number of important invariants that can be calculated directly from the data including molecular mass, radius of gyration, Porod invariant, particle volume, maximum particle dimension, particle surface area, correlation length, and volume of correlation. The meaning of these is described in turn along with their mathematical derivations.
Conducting Polymer Diffraction Gratings on Gold Surfaces Created by Microcontact Printing and Electropolymerization at Submicron Length Scales (2007)

Conducting polymer diffraction gratings on Au substrates have been created using microcontact printing of C18-alkanethiols, followed by electropolymerization of either poly(aniline) (PANI) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Soft-polymer replicas of simple diffraction grating masters (1200 lines/mm) were used to define the alkanethiol template for polymer growth. Growth of PANI and PEDOT diffraction gratings was followed in real time, through in situ tapping-mode atomic force microscopy, and by monitoring diffraction efficiency (DE) as a function of grating depth. DE increased as grating depth increased, up to a limiting efficiency (13-26%, with white light illumination), defined by the combined optical properties of the grating and the Au substrate, and ultimately limited by the loss of resolution due to coalescence of the polymer films. Grating efficiency is strongly dependent upon the grating depth and the refractive index contrast between the grating material and the surrounding solutions. Both PEDOT and PANI gratings show refractive index changes as a function of applied potential, consistent with changes in refractive index brought about by the doping/dedoping of the conducting polymer. The DE of PANI gratings are strongly dependent on the pH of the superstrate solution; the maximum sensitivity (DeltaDE/DeltapH) is achieved with PANI gratings held at +0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl, where the redox chemistry is dominated by the acid-base equilibrium between the protonated (emeraldine salt) and deprotonated (emeraldine base) forms of PANI. Simulations of DE were conducted for various combinations of conducting polymer refractive index and grating depth, to compute sensitivity parameters, which are maximized when the grating depth is ca. 50% of its maximum obtainable depth.
Feature selection methods of the combined feature vector for classifying diffuse lung opacities in thin section computed tomography (2004)

In designing a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for classifying diffuse lung opacities in thin-section computed tomography (HRCT) images, the computational cost is an important factor. In this paper, the feature selection methods for reducing the dimensionality of the combined feature vector are investigated.
Optimal energy dispatch of the power distribution network during the course of a progressing wildfire (2014)

Wildfires are natural phenomena that play a crucial role in many forest and grassland ecosystems. Under favorable conditions, that is, extreme heat, availability of fuel, and high winds, they may spread beyond control and approach city limits. Power lines are vulnerable to wildfires in their vicinity, mainly because of increased conductor temperatures as a result of ambient temperature rising. This may lead to conductor annealing and/or increased sag. A violation of safety clearances of the lines could in turn lead to possible flashovers and onset of cascading failures. To address the situation, the operator may dynamically alter the ratings of the lines in the affected areas in order to reduce the flow of current through them, thereby assisting with conductor cooling. However, with reduced line capacities, the utility may not be able to supply all the loads from the main substation anymore, which may increase the risk of unserved load and load shedding. A solution is put forth in this paper that enables the system operator to dispatch distributed generators, demand responsive loads, and microgrids in order to supply loads under such emergency conditions. Because of the uncertain spread/severity of wildfires, the problem is stochastic in nature and is therefore modeled as two-stage stochastic optimization. First-stage variables determine the generation capacity to be purchased before the onset of the event, while second stage variables represent generation dispatch commands. The efficiency of the proposed solution is verified on a modified version of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 123-bus test system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Case Study on Improving SW Quality through Software Visualization (2014)

Today, it is very important issue to high quality of software issue on huge scale of code and time-to-market. In the industrial fields still developers focuses on Code based development. Therefore we try to consider two points of views 1) improving the general developer the bad development habit, and 2) maintenance without design, documentation and code visualization. To solve these problems, we need to make the code visualization of code. In this paper, we suggest how to visualize the inner structure of code, and also how to proceed improvement of quality with constructing the Tool-Chain for visualizing Java code's inner structure. For our practical case, we applied Object Code with NIPA's SW Visualization, and then reduced code complexity through quantitatively analyzing and visualizing code based on setting the basic module unit, the class of object oriented code.
Dipole source reconstruction of brain signals by using particle swarm optimization (2009)

Resolving the sources of neural activity is of prime importance in the analysis of event related potentials (ERP). These sources can be modeled as effective dipoles. Identifying the dipole parameters from the measured multichannel data is called the EEG inverse problem. In this work, we propose a new method for the solution of EEG inverse problem. Our method uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for optimally choosing the dipole parameters. Simulations on synthetic data sets show that our method well localizes the dipoles into their actual locations. In the real data sets, since the actual dipole parameters aren't known, the fit error between the measured data and the reconstructed data is minimized. It has been observed that our method reduces this error to the noise level by localizing only a few dipoles in the brain.
Paper spray ionization for ambient inorganic analysis (2014)

Paper spray ionization was successfully applied to qualitative inorganic analysis. Quantitative analysis was shown to be possible with the use of internal standards. Initial detection limits were much higher than for comparable inductively coupled plasma and glow discharge methods, ranging from the high parts-per-billion range to the low parts-per-million range. The detection limits for some elements were limited at low levels by the presence of interferences that were not separated by the resolving power of the mass spectrometer. Despite these limitations, the simplicity and potential portability of paper spray may find some applications for elemental analysis.
Retention in care and predictors of attrition among HIV-infected patients who started antiretroviral therapy in Kinshasa, DRC, before and after the implementation of the ‘treat-all’ strategy (2022)

The retention of patients in care is a key pillar of the continuum of HIV care. It has been suggested that the implementation of a "treat-all" strategy may favor attrition (death or lost to follow-up, as opposed to retention), specifically in the subgroup of asymptomatic people living with HIV (PLWH) with high CD4 counts. Attrition in HIV care could mitigate the success of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. We performed a retrospective study of PLWH at least 15 years old initiating ART in 85 HIV care centers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), between 2010 and 2019, with the objective of measuring attrition and to define factors associated with it. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics recorded at ART initiation included sex, age, weight, height, WHO HIV stage, pregnancy, baseline CD4 cell count, start date of ART, and baseline and last ART regimen. Attrition was defined as death or loss to follow-up (LTFU). LTFU was defined as "not presenting to an HIV care center for at least 180 days after the date of a last missed visit, without a notification of death or transfer". Kaplan-Meier curves were used to present attrition data, and mixed effects Cox regression models determined factors associated with attrition. The results compared were before and after the implementation of the "treat-all" strategy. A total of 15,762 PLWH were included in the study. Overall, retention in HIV care was 83% at twelve months and 77% after two years of follow-up. The risk of attrition increased with advanced HIV disease and the size of the HIV care center. Time to ART initiation greater than seven days after diagnosis and Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was associated with a reduced risk of attrition. The implementation of the "treat-all" strategy modified the clinical characteristics of PLWH toward higher CD4 cell counts and a greater proportion of patients at WHO stages I and II at treatment initiation. Initiation of ART after the implementation of the 'treat all" strategy was associated with higher attrition (p<0.0001) and higher LTFU (p<0.0001). Attrition has remained high in recent years. The implementation of the "treat-all" strategy was associated with higher attrition and LTFU in our study. Interventions to improve early and ongoing commitment to care are needed, with specific attention to high-risk groups to improve ART coverage and limit HIV transmission.
The Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis: Genetic Evidence for the Involvement of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-Fc1 (2011)

We have investigated the role of human endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis by analyzing the DNA of patients and controls in 4 cohorts for associations between multiple sclerosis and polymorphisms near viral restriction genes or near endogenous retroviral loci with one or more intact or almost-intact genes. We found that SNPs in the gene TRIM5 were inversely correlated with disease. Conversely, SNPs around one retroviral locus, HERV-Fc1, showed a highly significant association with disease. The latter association was limited to a narrow region that contains no other known genes. We conclude that HERV-Fc1 and TRIM5 play a role in the etiology of multiple sclerosis. If these results are confirmed, they point to new modes of treatment for multiple sclerosis.
Ranking and Upscaling of Geostatistical Reservoir Models Using Streamline Simulation: A Field Case Study (2003)

Abstract In this paper, we present a field example where a streamline simulator was used to rank multi-million cell geostatistical reservoir descriptions and to find the optimum level of vertical upscaling for finite-difference simulation. During geostatitstical reservoir characterization, it is a common practice to generate a large number of realizations of the reservoir model to assess the uncertainty in reservoir descriptions and performance predictions. However, only a small fraction of these models can be considered for comprehensive flow simulations because of the high computational costs. A viable alternative is to rank these multiple ‘plausible’ reservoir models based on an appropriate performance criterion that adequately reflects the interaction between heterogeneity and the reservoir flow mechanisms. In this study, we explore the use of ranking based on streamline time of flight connectivity derived from a streamline simulator. The time of flight reflects fluid front propagation at various times and its connectivity at a given time provides us with a direct measure of volumetric sweep efficiency for arbitrary heterogeneity and well configuration. The volumetric sweep efficiency is the simplest measure that reflects the interaction between heterogeneity and the flow field. It is a dynamic measure that can be easily updated to account for changing injection/production conditions. We show that the proposed connectivity criterion can also be used to evaluate the effects of vertical upscaling in the dynamic performance and to determine the optimal level of upscaling for numerical simulation purposes. Our field study involves a Middle Eastern carbonate reservoir under a moderate to strong aquifer influx. The reservoir is on primary depletion and has no injectors. Multiple geostatistical reservoir descriptions were generated using a hierarchical approach whereby the larger level of uncertainty is defined first followed by smaller levels. The aquifer is modeled with a constant pressure boundary and for each time update, the location of the boundary was modified to account for the water encroachment. Using the field-wide sweep efficiency as a performance measure, the realizations were ranked, and used for flow simulation to assess risks associated with various development strategies. Subsequently, three selected realizations were upscaled for the purpose of comprehensive history matching and performance prediction.
Effect of Superfinishing on Scuffing Resistance (2003)

A fundamental understanding of gear scuffing has been promoted for a number of years by the use of twin disc scuffing rigs. Quantities of interest such as friction and bulk temperature are more easily and less expensively measured than performing actual gear testing. This paper discusses the scuffing test data performed on specimens superfinished using chemically accelerated vibratory finishing. One set of samples was superfinished using a high density non-abrasive ceramic media, while another set of samples was superfinished using a non-abrasive plastic media. This data is compared to other specimens with different surface finishes tested under identical conditions.