gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A forearm pronation/supination assessment method integrated into Haptic Knob for stroke rehabilitation (2013)

The Haptic Knob (HK) is a robotic device that enables subjects to open or close their hands, or rotate their forearms for stroke rehabilitation. The present HK uses force sensors to measure the force applied by the subject, which provides an indirect force measurement with high development cost. In this paper, we propose a novel method to detect the grasping force applied directly on the haptic knob by measuring the current of the driving motor instead of the rotating torque applied. The same method can also be used to detect the pronation or supination torque applied by the subject by measuring the current of the driving motor. Experiments are performed using weights to apply known torque through a cylindrical disc calibration structure on the haptic knob to establish the relationship between the current of driving motor and the applied torque. The results show a near-linear relationship between the applied torque and the current of the driving motor which demonstrated the feasibility of inferring the applied torque from a subject in performing pronation or supination on the haptic knob from the current of the driving motor. This demonstrated the feasibility of inferring both the applied grasping force of a stroke subject as well as the applied pronation or supination torque on the haptic knob from the current of the driving motor.
Auditing a Batch of SQL Queries (2007)

In this paper, we study the problem of auditing a batch of SQL queries: given a set of SQL queries that have been posed over a database, determine whether some subset of these queries have revealed private information about an individual or group of individuals. In (Agrawal et al., 2004), the authors studied the problem of determining whether any single SQL query in isolation revealed information forbidden by the database system's data disclosure policies. In this paper, we extend this work to the problem of auditing a batch of SQL queries. We define two different notions of auditing-semantic auditing and syntactic auditing -and show that while syntactic auditing seems more desirable, it is in fact NP-hard to achieve. The problem of semantic auditing of a batch of SQL queries is, however, tractable and we give a polynomial time algorithm for this purpose.
Noise from Imperfectly Expanded Supersonic Coaxial Jets (2001)

Experiments have characterized the acoustics of axisymmetric high-speed jets at a variety of Mach numbers and velocities and at pressure-matched, overexpanded, and underexpanded conditions. The effect of an annular secondary e ow on noise emission was also investigated. The fully expanded jet velocity ranged from 630 to 920 m/s and thefully expanded jet Mach number ranged from 1.27 to 1.75. The secondary e owwassupplied at400 m/s and was designed for Mach wave elimination conditions. Imperfect expansion creates screech and broadband shock noise. Screech is dominant in the near e eld whereas broadband shock noise affects mainly the lateral direction of the far e eld. The secondary e ow practically eliminates the screech tones, but has little impact on broadband shock noise. With exception of localized and weak screech tones, the far-e eld spectra in the direction of peak noise emission (aft quadrant ) are insensitive on nozzle exit pressure and depend solely on the fully expanded Mach number and velocity. Addition of the secondary e ow produces substantial noise reduction in the aft quadrant, a consequence of Mach wave elimination, and modest noise reduction in the lateral direction, an effect attributed to mean shear reduction. Lowering the velocity and/or Mach number of the jet enhances the benee t of the secondary e ow by shortening the region of the principal noise sources, thus improving the coverage of that region by the secondary e ow. Far-e eld noise reductions of up to 17 dB were recorded at frequencies most relevant to aircraft noise.
Wide range continuously tunable and fast thermal switching based on compressible graphene composite foams (2021)

Thermal switches have gained intense interest recently for enabling dynamic thermal management of electronic devices and batteries that need to function at dramatically varied ambient or operating conditions. However, current approaches have limitations such as the lack of continuous tunability, low switching ratio, low speed, and not being scalable. Here, a continuously tunable, wide-range, and fast thermal switching approach is proposed and demonstrated using compressible graphene composite foams. Large (~8x) continuous tuning of the thermal resistance is achieved from the uncompressed to the fully compressed state. Environmental chamber experiments show that our variable thermal resistor can precisely stabilize the operating temperature of a heat generating device while the ambient temperature varies continuously by ~10 °C or the heat generation rate varies by a factor of 2.7. This thermal device is promising for dynamic control of operating temperatures in battery thermal management, space conditioning, vehicle thermal comfort, and thermal energy storage.
Tolerogenic Donor-Derived Dendritic Cells Risk Sensitization In Vivo owing to Processing and Presentation by Recipient APCs (2013)

Modification of allogeneic dendritic cells (DCs) through drug treatment results in DCs with in vitro hallmarks of tolerogenicity. Despite these observations, using murine MHC-mismatched skin and heart transplant models, donor-derived drug-modified DCs not only failed to induce tolerance but also accelerated graft rejection. The latter was inhibited by injecting the recipient with anti-CD8 Ab, which removed both CD8(+) T cells and CD8(+) DCs. The discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo data could be explained, partly, by the presentation of drug-modified donor DC MHC alloantigens by recipient APCs and activation of recipient T cells with indirect allospecificity, leading to the induction of alloantibodies. Furthermore, allogeneic MHC molecules expressed by drug-treated DCs were rapidly processed and presented in peptide form by recipient APCs in vivo within hours of DC injection. Using TCR-transgenic T cells, Ag presentation of injected OVA-pulsed DCs was detectable for ≤ 3 d, whereas indirect presentation of MHC alloantigen by recipient APCs led to activation of T cells within 14 h and was partially inhibited by reducing the numbers of CD8(+) DCs in vivo. In support of this observation when mice lacking CD8(+) DCs were pretreated with drug-modified DCs prior to transplantation, skin graft rejection kinetics were similar to those in non-DC-treated controls. Of interest, when the same mice were treated with anti-CD40L blockade plus drug-modified DCs, skin graft survival was prolonged, suggesting endogenous DCs were responsible for T cell priming. Altogether, these findings highlight the risks and limitations of negative vaccination using alloantigen-bearing "tolerogenic" DCs.
Structural and Electronic Noninnocence of α-Diimine Ligands on Niobium for Reductive C–Cl Bond Activation and Catalytic Radical Addition Reactions (2017)

A d<sup>0</sup> niobium(V) complex, NbCl<sub>3</sub>(α-diimine) (1a), supported by a dianionic redox-active N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (α-diimine) ligand (ene-diamido ligand) served as a catalyst for radical addition reactions of CCl<sub>4</sub> to α-olefins and cyclic alkenes, selectively affording 1:1 radical addition products in a regioselective manner. During the catalytic reaction, the α-diimine ligand smoothly released and stored an electron to control the oxidation state of the niobium center by changing between an η<sup>4</sup>-(σ<sup>2</sup>,π) coordination mode with a folded MN<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> metallacycle and a κ<sup>2</sup>-(N,N') coordination mode with a planar MN<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> metallacycle. Kinetic studies of the catalytic reaction elucidated the reaction order in the catalytic cycle: the radical addition reaction rate obeyed first-order kinetics that were dependent on the concentrations of the catalyst, styrene, and CCl<sub>4</sub>, while a saturation effect was observed at a high CCl<sub>4</sub> concentration. In the presence of excess amounts of styrene, styrene coordinated in an η<sup>2</sup>-olefinic manner to the niobium center to decrease the reaction rate. No observation of oligomers or polymers of styrene and high stereoselectivity for the radical addition reaction of CCl<sub>4</sub> to cyclopentene suggested that the C-C bond formation proceeded inside the coordination sphere of niobium, which was in good accordance with the negative entropy value of the radical addition reaction. Furthermore, reaction of 1a with (bromomethyl)cyclopropane confirmed that both the C-Br bond activation and formation proceeded on the α-diimine-coordinated niobium center during transformation of the cyclopropylmethyl radical to a homoallyl radical. With regard to the reaction mechanism, we detected and isolated NbCl<sub>4</sub>(α-diimine) (6a) as a transient one-electron oxidized species of 1a during reductive cleavage of the C-X bonds; in addition, the monoanionic α-diimine ligand of 6a adopted a monoanionic canonical form with selective one-electron oxidation of the dianionic ene-diamido form of the ligand in 1a.
Functional Fit Evaluation to Determine Optimal Ease Requirements in Chemical Protective Gloves (1996)

A functional fit evaluation of the Canadian Forces (CF) chemical protective lightweight glove was undertaken in order to quantify the amount of ease required within the glove for optimal functional fit. The results demonstrated that a negative ease in glove digit length of 0.35 cm and a negative ease in glove digit girth of 0.19 cm provided optimal functional fit; while a positive ease of 1.75 cm in glove palm girth was optimal. It was concluded that anthropometric data should not be directly translated into glove design dimensions. Modification of the specifications from hand dimensions, which incorporates consideration of ease, must occur in order to develop gloves which enable effective function and provide a comfortable fit.
Sorting and Searching Behind the Curtain: Private Outsourced Sort and Frequency-Based Ranking of Search Results Over Encrypted Data. (2014)

Abstract. We study the problem of private outsourced sorting of encrypted data. We start by proposing a novel sorting protocol that allows a user to outsource his data to a cloud server in an encrypted form and then request the server to perform computations on this data and sort the result. To perform the sorting the server is assisted by a secure coprocessor with minimal computational and memory resources. The server and the coprocessor are assumed to be honest but curious, i.e., they honestly follow the protocol but are interested in learning more about the user data. We refer to the new protocol as private outsourced sorting since it guarantees that neither the server nor the coprocessor learn anything about user data as long as they are non-colluding. We formally define private outsourced sorting and provide an efficient construction that is based on semi-homomorphic encryption. As an application of our private sort, we present MRSE: the first scheme for outsourced search over encrypted data that efficiently answers multi-term queries with the result ranked using frequency of query terms in the data, while maintaining data privacy. To construct MRSE we use searchable encryption techniques combined with our new private sort framework. Finally, although not discussed in this work, we believe that our private sort framework can turn out to be an important tool for more applications that require outsourced sorting while maintaining data privacy, e.g., database queries. 1
Protocols for Non-IP Multiple Applications on DSRC and their applications (2003)

We design a set of protocol suite for DSRC : Dedicated Short Range Communication System whose wireless bandwidth is allocated for special usage of Road-Vehicle Communication. The Local Port Protocol is designed base on a transaction-oriented protocol and has two layers architecture for the balance of the implementation in low resource on-board equipment and high reliable communication in electric payment. These protocols are fit for DSRC application services such as the parking access control, the probe information and the electric payment. We introduce the probe information services as one of DSRC application services and evaluate the quality of information as traffic information by using traffic simulation.
Measurement of the friction characteristics on materials surfaces using the pendulum microoscillations method (2007)

Free oscillations of a physical pendulum, with two balls placed on the surface of the silicon plate for the displacement of the balls substantially smaller than the radius of point of contact, were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The friction mechanisms resulting in the experimental dependence of the swing on time and the influence of surface elasticity were considered. An estimation of the coefficients of deformation and adhesive frictions for two plates of different surface qualities was carried out.
In-the-wild No-Reference Image Quality Assessment using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

With the ever-growing portion of internet traffic associated with multimedia data and the existence of multiple copies of the same content in various forms, it has become vital to measure the quality of the image and video files. In most cases, without access to the original file, the quality shall be assessed solely based on the available file. Specifically, the challenge of no-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA) is to predict a quality measure for given images in a consistent manner with human perception of quality. Conventional NR-IQA methods try to fit certain distortion models to a given image and quantify the quality. In practice, however, an image is affected by a combination of multiple distortion types. In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for in-the-wild (no specific distortion model) NR-IQA challenge, which learns the quality measure without classifying the distortion type. Unlike most methods which extract features, the proposed CNN structure receives the full image as the input and estimates the distribution of human opinion score for the quality.
&lt;title&gt;Development of design concepts for the PRISM (process research by an imaging space mission) instrument&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

The PRISM instrument is an imaging radiometer to be flown on a satellite in Earth orbit. The principle mission is to gather Earth radiance data from land areas, at a spatial resolution of approximately 50 m. It will have spectral resolution in the order of 10 nm in the visible to short- wave IR spectral band, and a few discrete spectral bands in the thermal IR. It will typically be operated to record multi-spectral images of selected areas about 50 km square. The field of view of the instrument must be capable of pointing control, in both across-track and along-track directions, to select specific targets in each orbit and to view selected targets in different directions. The instrument is in an early stage of concept development, in competitive studies carried out for the European Space Agency. The paper describes the principle conclusions of the initial study of the team led by Dornier Satellite Systems, with Sira and Matra Marconi Space as principle sub- contractors. Outline designs are presented for: pointing optics, imaging and relay optics, imaging spectrometer, channel separation and in-flight characterization. Brief notes are given on design trade-offs and rationales for baseline selections.
Statistical Analysis of Randomness in Training of Small-Scale Neural Networks for Speech Enhancement (2022)

For the training of neural networks, randomness due to the initialization is a widely acknowledged factor for training success. In speech enhancement, randomness is also introduced via the creation of the training dataset due to the synthetic mixing of speech and noise, and other data augmentation techniques. This aspect of randomness is often neglected in literature. In this contribution, we quantify the effect of randomness in the generation of the training dataset in comparison to the randomness introduced by the network initialization and find that for small networks and very small datasets, the assembly of the training dataset has a significant influence on the network’s performance.
Highly purified CD25<sup>−</sup>resting T cells cannot be infected<i>de novo</i>with HIV-1 (1997)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of CD25 can distinguish CD25- latently infected cells from CD25+ cells actively producing virus. Our studies were designed to characterize the nature and stability of the viral genome in CD25- quiescent HIV-1-infected cells and to determine whether these cells could be infected de novo with HIV-1. Our results show that: (i) When unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells are first infected with HIV-1 and the CD25- cells then isolated, the latter contain only incomplete DNA transcripts and no full-length DNA or 2-LTR circles. Phytohemagglutinin activation of these CD25- cells results in the generation of full-length viral DNA and p24 production. (ii) When CD25- CD4+ cells are first purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and then incubated with HIV-1, viral DNA cannot be detected, suggesting that these purified cells cannot be infected. Furthermore, CD25-adherent cells do not facilitate the infection of CD4+ CD25- T cells when they were present at the time of incubation with HIV-1. Taken together, these studies suggest either that (i) the CD25- cells containing incomplete DNA transcripts are derived from infected-activated CD25+ cells, which subsequently become CD25- or (ii) the presence of CD25+ cells is required for the infection of CD25- cells in vitro.
Hydrophobic vitamin B12. Part 12. Preparation, characterization and enantioselective alkylation of strapped hydrophobic-vitamin B12 (1995)

Cyanocobalamin has been modified to afford a strapped hydrophobic vitamin B12 by introducing a 1,3-phenylenediacetyl moiety into the peripheral site of the corrin's B ring. The modified complex was characterized by various spectroscopic methods and cyclic voltammetry in comparison with the corresponding data for a simple hydrophobic vitamin B12 without a strapping moiety. The alkylation of hydrophobic vitamin B12 derivatives with racemic 3-bromo-2-methylpropionic esters at the β-axial site was carried out in methanol, and extents of the enantioselectivity were examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The strapped hydrophobic vitamin B12 and a simple hydrophobic vitamin B12 were found to react with (S)-3-bromo-2-methylpropionates more readily than the corresponding R-enantiomers; the highest S-selectivity (75% ee) was observed with the strapped hydrophobic vitamin B12. The S-enantioselectivity was discussed from a stereochemical viewpoint based on the conformational search for the alkylated hydrophobic vitamin B12 by means of molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations.
Maxwell Fisheye and Eaton Lenses Emulated by Microdroplets (2011)

Based on the transformation optics approach, we demonstrate that microlenses may act as a two-dimensional fisheye or an inverted Eaton lens. An asymmetric Eaton lens may exhibit considerable image magnification, which has been confirmed experimentally.
Influence of different organic side groups on the thermal behavior of polyphosphazenes: random chain cleavage, depolymerization, and pyrolytic cross-linking (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of different organic side groups on the thermal behavior of polyphosphazenes: random chain cleavage, depolymerization, and pyrolytic cross-linkingHarry R. Allcock, Gayann S. McDonnell, Geoffrey H. Riding, and Ian MannersCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 4, 425–432Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00010a021https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00010a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal Structure of Carboxypeptidase A Complexed with <scp>d</scp>-Cysteine at 1.75 Å − Inhibitor-Induced Conformational Changes<sup>,</sup> (2000)

D-Cysteine differs from the antiarthritis drug D-penicillamine by only two methyl groups on the beta-carbon yet inhibits carboxypeptidase A (CPD) by a distinct mechanism: D-cysteine binds tightly to the active site zinc, while D-penicillamine catalyzes metal removal. To investigate the structural basis for this difference, we solved the crystal structure of carboxypeptidase A complexed with D-cysteine (D-Cys) at 1.75-A resolution. D-Cys binds the active site zinc with a sulfur ligand and forms additional interactions with surrounding side chains of the enzyme. The structure explains the difference in potency between D-Cys and L-Cys and provides insight into the mechanism of D-penicillamine inhibition. D-Cys binding induces a concerted motion of the side chains around the zinc ion, similar to that found in other carboxypeptidase-inhibitor crystal structures and along a limited path. Analysis of concerted motions of CPD and CPD-inhibitor crystal structures reveals a clustering of these structures into distinct groups. Using the restricted conformational flexibility of a drug target in this type of analysis could greatly enhance efficiency in drug design.