gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of POF humidity sensor with swelling polymer cladding via bending (2016)

A plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor with a water-swellable polymer cladding (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) can be used to realize a humidity sensor that exploits the change in refractive index associated with the swelling of the polymer. When the refractive index of the cladding of such a POF sensor is slightly higher than that of the core, the POF can easily switch from the leaky mode to the waveguide mode depending on whether water is present. Accordingly, the transmitted light intensity of the POF sensor varies greatly, thus enabling highly sensitive sensor capabilities. Furthermore, the variation in the transmitted light intensity becomes more apparent when the POF sensor is curved. Therefore, in this study, the bending effect of the proposed POF sensor was verified by conducting simulations using a ray-tracing method and by taking measurements. We found that a POF sensor with a curvature of 0.2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> is 30 times more sensitive than a non-curved POF sensor.
Nonlocal Effective Medium (NLEM) for Quantitative Modelling of Nanoroughness in Spectroscopic Reflectance (2022)

Spectroscopic reflectance is a versatile optical methodology for the characterization of transparent and semi-transparent thin films in terms of thickness and refractive index. The Fresnel equations are used to interpret the measurements, but their accuracy is limited when surface roughness is present. Nanoroughness can be modelled through a discretized multi-slice and effective medium approach, but to date, this offered mostly qualitative and not quantitative accuracy. Here we introduce an adaptive and nonlocal effective medium approach, which considers the relative size and environment of each discretized slice. We develop our model using finite-difference time-domain simulation results and demonstrate its ability to predict nanoroughness size and shape with relative errors &lt; 3% in a variety of test systems. The accuracy of the model is directly compared to the prediction capabilities of the Bruggeman and Maxwell–Garnett models, highlighting its superiority. Our model is fully parametrized and ready to use for exploring the effects of roughness on reflectance without the need for costly 3D simulations and to be integrated into the Fresnel simulator of spectroscopic reflectance tools.
Chemical and Biological Properties of 5‐Indolones (1997)

Indolones of the general formula 1 (Fig. 1 and 2) can act as Michael substrates, which readily add various nucleophiles. 1,4-Addition of S-nucleophiles to these indolones gives access to compounds of the general formula 2 (Fig. 2). The addition is reversible, meaning that these compounds behave as prodrugs of the (in-vitro) cytotoxic indolones. The addition products possess less cytotoxicity of their own, but can presumably release the parent indolones in-vivo. This behaviour makes them valuable compounds, allowing their use as cytotoxic agents. Furthermore, some of the addition products possess antibiotic activity, making them worth testing as agents against certain microbes. Their specificity towards certain microorganisms, which does not fit the usual scheme of activity towards gram positive or gram negative bacteria, is remarkable and needs further verification.
Visual search (2002)

In this paper, we present two techniques to reveal image features that attract the eye during visual search: the discrimination image paradigm and principal component analysis. In preliminary experiments, we employed these techniques to identify image features used to identify simple targets embedded in 1/ƒ noise. Two main findings emerged. First, the loci of fixations were not random but were driven by local image features, even in very noisy displays. Second, subjects often searched for a component feature of a target rather that the target itself, even if the target was a simple geometric form. Moreover, the particular relevant component varied from individual to individual. Also, principal component analysis of the noise patches at the point of fixation reveals global image features used by the subject in the search task. In addition to providing insight into the human visual system, these techniques have relevance for machine vision as well. The efficacy of a foveated machine vision system largely depends on its ability to actively select 'visually interesting' regions in its environment. The techniques presented in this paper provide valuable low-level criteria for executing human-like scanpaths in such machine vision systems.
Low-Threshold Random Laser with One Mirror and Feedbacks in PMMA Nano-Composite Films (2005)

A low-threshold random laser with one mirror and feedback is investigated in the PMMA film containing rhodamine 590 and TiO 2 nano-particles. Incoherent and coherent laser emission is observed. Effect of particle concentration on light emission is explored, and the optimum particle concentration is obtained. Optical microscopy and scanning probe microscopy are used to investigate the film structure, and the principle of incoherent and coherent laser is analysed.
Analyzing the Employment of Montage in Beckett's “Krapp's Last Tape” (2001)

Samuel Beckett, Irish dramatist, was the leading figure of the Theatre of the Absurd. By advocating a new experimentation on irrational, anti-conventional dramatic forms and techniques, Beckett expressed the existentialist idea that “the world was absurd and the human life was an agony. In “Krapp's Last Tape, Beckett employed three montage techniques to distort logical diction and chronological time, thus successfully presented a vision of a meaningful reality of the inner being of the heor-Krapp.
Rhinorrhea, cough and fatigue in patients taking sitagliptin (2010)

Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV, CD26) inhibitor indicated for treatment of Type II diabetes as a second line therapy after metformin. We report fifteen sitagliptin intolerant patients who developed anterior and posterior rhinorrhea, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue. Symptoms typically developed within 1 to 8 weeks of starting, and resolved within 1 week of stopping the drug. Peak expiratory flow rates increased 34% in 8 patients who stopped sitagliptin. Similar changes were found in 4 out of 5 persons who had confirmatory readministration. Chart review identified 17 patients who tolerated sitagliptin and had no symptomatic changes. The sitagliptin intolerant group had higher rates of clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis (15/15 vs. 6/18; p = 0.00005), Fisher's Exact test) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - induced cough (6/13 vs. 1/18; p = 0.012). Nasal and inhaled glucocorticoids may control the underlying allergic inflammation and abrogate this new sitagliptin - induced pharmacological syndrome. Potential mucosal and central nervous system mechanisms include disruption of neuropeptides and/or cytokines that rely on DPP IV for activation or inactivation, and T cell dysfunction.
An ammonia-water mixture properties correlation for efficient two-phase computations (2013)

Abstract Two equations quantifying vapor-liquid equilibrium properties of ammonia-water mixtures are presented. Alternative polynomial correlations in the literature show thermodynamically inconsistent oscillatory behavior at high ammonia concentrations, and violate energy constraints because the bubble and dew lines cross and also fail to meet at pure components. This undesirable behavior can cause iterative models to diverge. A curve-fitting procedure that forces the bubble and dew lines to meet at pure-component compositions is developed and numerical techniques are employed to reduce the oscillatory behavior close to the pure-substance values. In addition, an improved data set selection is chosen by reviewing and incorporating recent literature reports. The equations presented are an improvement over prior polynomial expressions for vapor-liquid properties of the ammonia-water mixture, and are meant for industrial calculations in absorption refrigeration systems for pressures between 0.05 and 2 MPa (7.25 and 290 psia). Acknowledgments David U. Johnson is PhD student. William E. Lear is Associate Professor. Oscar D. Crisalle is Professor. S. A. Sherif, Fellow ASHRAE, is Professor.
Increasing the security level of analog IPs by using a dedicated vulnerability analysis methodology (2013)

With the increasing diffusion of multi-purpose systems such as smart phones and set-top boxes, security requirements are becoming as important as power consumption and silicon area constraints in SoCs and ASICs conception. In the same time, the complexity of IPs and the new technology nodes make the security evaluation more difficult. Indeed, predicting how a circuit behaves when pushed beyond its specifications limits is now a harder task. While security concerns in software development and digital hardware design are very well known, analog hardware security issues are not really studied. This paper first introduces the security concerns for analog and mixed circuits and then presents a vulnerability analysis methodology dedicated to them. Using this methodology, the security level of AMS SoC and Analog IP is increased by evaluating objectively its vulnerabilities and selecting appropriated countermeasure in the earliest design steps.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) agonists decrease lipoprotein lipase secretion and glycated LDL uptake by human macrophages (2002)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) acts independently of its function as triglyceride hydrolase by stimulating macrophage binding and uptake of native, oxidized and glycated LDL. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors expressed in monocyte/macrophages, where they control cholesterol homeostasis. Here we study the role of PPARs in the regulation of LPL expression and activity in human monocytes and macrophages. Incubation of human monocytes or macrophages with PPARalpha or PPARgamma ligands increases LPL mRNA and intracellular protein levels. By contrast, PPAR activators decrease secreted LPL mass and enzyme activity in differentiated macrophages. These actions of PPAR activators are associated with a reduced uptake of glycated LDL and could influence atherosclerosis development associated with diabetes.
Effect of Evidence and Changes in Reimbursement on the Rate of Arthroscopy for Osteoarthritis (2013)

Evidence of the lack of efficacy of arthroscopy for knee OA, along with changes in reimbursement, preceded a significant decline in the population-based rates of this procedure in both publicly and privately insured patients in Florida.
Efficient Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at 800 MHz/527 GHz with Trityl‐Nitroxide Biradicals (2015)

Cross-effect (CE) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a rapidly developing technique that enhances the signal intensities in magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra. We report CE DNP experiments at 211, 600, and 800 MHz using a new series of biradical polarizing agents referred to as TEMTriPols, in which a nitroxide (TEMPO) and a trityl radical are chemically tethered. The TEMTriPol molecule with the optimal performance yields a record (1) H NMR signal enhancement of 65 at 800 MHz at a concentration of 10 mM in a glycerol/water solvent matrix. The CE DNP enhancement for the TEMTriPol biradicals does not decrease as the magnetic field is increased in the manner usually observed for bis-nitroxides. Instead, the relatively strong exchange interaction between the trityl and nitroxide moieties determines the magnetic field at which the optimum enhancement is observed.
Sustained therapeutic effects of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation: 24‐month results of the STEP study (2012)

Sustained safety and efficacy of PTNS were demonstrated over 24 months with initial success after 12 weekly treatments, followed by a 14-week prescribed tapering protocol and a Personalized Treatment Plan. With an average of 1.3 treatments per month, PTNS therapy is a safe, durable, and valuable long-term OAB treatment option to sustain clinically significant OAB symptom control.
Supplementary Information from Modulating Therapeutic Activity and Toxicity of Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Self-Immolative Disulfide Linkers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S5, Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Deformation twinning versus slip in Ni-based alloys, containing Pt2Mo-structured, Ni2Cr-typed precipitates (2021)

Nickel-based alloys are extensively used in a wide range of extreme environments because of their exceptional mechanical properties. The excellent strength of these alloys is derived from the addition of long-range ordered precipitates, introduced by thermal aging. The interactions between the dislocations and LRO precipitates dictate the deformation modes and plastic response in these alloys. While the majority of studies have focused on L12-structured precipitate-strengthened Ni-based alloys, less work has considered the Ni-based alloys containing Pt2Mo-structured, Ni2(Cr,Mo)-typed precipitates. In these alloys, Pt2Mo-structured precipitates enable room-temperature deformation twinning in addition to slip, which increases strain hardenability measured from bulk mechanical testing. Although previous geometric-based model suggested that deformation twinning is favored over slip, the factors that influence the activation between twinning versus slip have not been thoroughly explored in this class of Ni-based alloys. In this work, molecular dynamics examined the possible types of dislocation and Pt2Mo-structured precipitate interactions at low temperature. Combined with in situ micromechanical testing, the role of resolved shear stresses on dislocation partials were shown to directly influence the activation of slip versus twinning. Additionally, using an energy-based approach, molecular dynamics results demonstrated a novel twin formation process, caused by the dislocation interaction with the Pt2Mo-structured precipitates.
Rare opportunistic mycoses in cats: phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis (2013)

Treatment involves surgical excision in cases of localised skin disease followed by systemic antifungal therapy, with itraconazole as the agent of first choice. Relapses after treatment are common. Itraconazole and other systemic antifungal agents have been used to treat systemic or neurological cases, but the response is unpredictable. The prognosis is guarded to poor in cats with multiple lesions and systemic or neurological involvement. ZOONOTIC RISK: There is no zoonotic risk associated with contact with infected cats.
Impact response experiment and analysis of thin CFRP belt (2002)

In order to absorb side impact energy in an accident of automobiles, an impact beam is useful and its conventional type is made of steel. CFRP belts having lighter weight and higher tensile strength are recently developing for substituting steel beams. This paper presents the experimental and numerical results of CFRP belts under the impact loads and these results show a higher possibility of CFRP belt instead of a steel impact beam.
Residual Alcohol Influence on NAPL Saturation Estimates Based on Partitioning Tracers (2003)

The influence of residual cosolvent on the partitioning tracer technique for estimating a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) saturation in porous media was investigated. Batch equilibrium and column miscible displacement tests were used to evaluate the influence of residual alcohol cosolvents in the aqueous phase on partitioning and transport of alcohol tracers through sandy soil columns containing tetrachloroethylene (PCE). As the volume fraction of cosolvent alcohol (f(c)) increased ( f(c) < or = 0.1; 10 vol %), partition coefficients (K(nc)) for the alcohol tracers linearly decreased for residual cosolvent ethanol, linearly increased for residual cosolvent tert-butyl alcohol, and did not exhibit an evident change for residual cosolvent 2-propanol. These observations are consistent with measured changes in solubility (S(c)) of the alcohol tracers over the same range (f(c) < or = 0.1) of these residual cosolvent alcohols. Column miscible displacement tests using ethanol as a residual cosolvent ( f(c) < or = 0.1) exhibited earlier partitioning tracer breakthrough leading to an underestimation of NAPL saturation (S(n)) when constant, cosolvent-free partitioning coefficients were assumed. The underestimation magnitude increased with higher initial residual cosolvent alcohol in the columns. The S(n) underestimates were not significant but were 1-10% lower than the actual S(n) (0.18). The estimated partition coefficients based on column tests with residual cosolvent (K(col)) were consistently less than those based on batch tests. Column tests with low (0.5%) and high (15%) S(n) revealed that the residual cosolvent alcohol effect was different depending on the amount of NAPL in the column. Using ethanol for a cosolvent (10%) and 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol as a partitioning tracer, the S(n) values were underestimated by about 17% and 5%, respectively, in the low and high NAPL saturation columns.
Commentary (Piver): Management of Ovarian Cancer (2006)

Over the past 2 decades, we have seen major progress in the management of women with ovarian cancer, with improvements in both overall survival and quality of life. To truly appreciate this progress, it is important to understand the state of affairs regarding the treatment of ovarian cancer in the early 1980s. This paper will discuss that historical background, describe the increasingly favorable impact of evolving treatment paradigms in ovarian cancer, and note future directions for clinical research in this complex disease process.
PAR-1 signaling on macrophages is required for effective in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity responses (2021)

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses underpin chronic inflammation. Using a model of oxazolone-induced dermatitis and a combination of transgenic mice, adoptive cell transfer, and selective agonists/antagonists against protease activated receptors, we show that that PAR-1 signaling on macrophages by thrombin is required for effective granuloma formation. Using BM-derived macrophages (BMMs) <i>in vitro</i>, we show that thrombin signaling induced (a) downregulation of cell membrane reverse cholesterol transporter ABCA1 and (b) increased expression of IFNγ receptor and enhanced co-localization within increased areas of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains. These two key phenotypic changes combined to make thrombin-primed BMMs sensitive to M1 polarization by 1000-fold less IFNγ, compared to resting BMMs. We confirm that changes in ABCA1 expression were directly responsible for the exquisite sensitivity to IFNγ <i>in vitro</i> and for the impact on granuloma formation <i>in vivo</i>. These data indicate that PAR-1 signaling plays a hitherto unrecognized and critical role in DTH responses.
Schwann cells orchestrate peripheral nerve inflammation through the expression of CSF1, IL‐34, and SCF in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2019)

Distal axonopathy is a recognized pathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the peripheral nerves of ALS patients, motor axon loss elicits a Wallerian-like degeneration characterized by denervated Schwann cells (SCs) together with immune cell infiltration. However, the pathogenic significance of denervated SCs accumulating following impaired axonal growth in ALS remains unclear. Here, we analyze SC phenotypes in sciatic nerves of ALS patients and paralytic SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> rats, and identify remarkably similar and specific reactive SC phenotypes based on the pattern of S100β, GFAP, isolectin and/or p75<sup>NTR</sup> immunoreactivity. Different subsets of reactive SCs expressed colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) and Interleukin-34 (IL-34) and closely interacted with numerous endoneurial CSF-1R-expressing monocyte/macrophages, suggesting a paracrine mechanism of myeloid cell expansion and activation. SCs bearing phagocytic phenotypes as well as endoneurial macrophages expressed stem cell factor (SCF), a trophic factor that attracts and activates mast cells through the c-Kit receptor. Notably, a subpopulation of Ki67+ SCs expressed c-Kit in the sciatic nerves of SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> rats, suggesting a signaling pathway that fuels SC proliferation in ALS. c-Kit+ mast cells were also abundant in the sciatic nerve from ALS donors but not in controls. Pharmacological inhibition of CSF-1R and c-Kit with masitinib in SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> rats potently reduced SC reactivity and immune cell infiltration in the sciatic nerve and ventral roots, suggesting a mechanism by which the drug ameliorates peripheral nerve pathology. These findings provide strong evidence for a previously unknown inflammatory mechanism triggered by SCs in ALS peripheral nerves that has broad application in developing novel therapies.
Development and Analysis of Low-Cost IoT Sensors for Urban Environmental Monitoring (2021)

The accelerated pace of urbanization is having a major impact over the world’s environment. Although urban dwellers have higher living standards and can access better public services as compared to their rural counterparts, they are usually exposed to poor environmental conditions such as air pollution and noise. In order for municipalities and citizens to mitigate the negative effects of pollution, the monitoring of certain parameters, such as air quality and ambient sound levels, both in indoor and outdoor locations, has to be performed. The current paper presents a complete solution that allows the monitoring of ambient parameters such as Volatile Organic Compounds, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, and sound intensity levels both in indoor and outdoor spaces. The presented solution comprises of low-cost, easy to deploy, wireless sensors and a cloud application for their management and for storing and visualizing the recorded data.