gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Affinity Binding Sites for Activated Protein C and Protein C on Cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (1994)

Activated protein C (APC) is an antithrombotic serine proteinase having anticoagulant, profibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite its potential clinical utility, relatively little is known about its clearance mechanisms. In the present study we have characterized the interaction of APC and its active site blocked forms with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). At 4 degrees C 125I-APC bound to HUVEC in a specific, time dependent, saturable and reversible manner. Scatchard analysis of the binding isotherm demonstrated a Kd value of 6.8 nM and total number of binding sites per cell of 359,000. Similar binding isotherms were obtained using radiolabeled protein C (PC) zymogen as well as D-phe-pro-arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK) inhibited APC indicating that a functional active site was not required. Competition studies showed that the binding of APC, PPACK-APC and PC were mutually exclusive suggesting that they bound to the same site(s). Proteolytic removal of the N-terminal gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gla) domain of PC abolished its ability to compete indicating that the gla-domain was essential for cell binding. Surprisingly, APC binding to these cells appeared to be independent of protein S, a cofactor of APC generally thought to be required for its high affinity binding to cell surfaces. The identity of the cell binding site(s), for the most part, appeared to be distinct from other known APC ligands which are associated with cell membranes or extracellular matrix including phospholipid, thrombomodulin, factor V, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and heparin. Pretreatment of HUVEC with antifactor VIII antibody caused partial inhibition of 125I-APC binding indicating that factor VIII or a homolog accounted for approximately 30% of APC binding. Studies of the properties of surface bound 125I-APC or 125I-PC and their fate at 4 degrees C compared to 37 degrees C were consistent with association of approximately 25% of the initially bound radioligand with an endocytic receptor. However, most of the radioligand appeared not to be bound to an endocytic receptor and dissociated rapidly at 37 degrees C in an intact and functional state. These data indicate the presence of specific, high affinity binding sites for APC and PC on the surface of HUVEC. While a minor proportion of binding sites may be involved in endocytosis, the identity and function of the major proportion is presently unknown. It is speculated that this putative receptor may be a further mechanisms of localizing the PC antithrombitic system to the vascular endothelium.
An analysis of space shuttle countdown activities :preliminaries to a computational model of the NASA Test Director Bonnie E. John, Roger W. Remington, David M. Steier. (2018)

Abstract: "Before we hear the familiar phrase 'All systems are go' just prior to the launch of a space shuttle, thousands of operations and tests have been performed to ensure that all shuttle and support subsystems are operational and ready for launch. These steps, which range from activating the orbiter's flight computers to removing the launch pad from the itinerary of the NASA tour buses, are carried out by launch team members at various locations and with highly specialized fields of expertise. The responsibility for coordinating these diverse activities rests with the NASA Test Director (NTD) at Kennedy Space Center.We are studying the behavior of the NTD with the goal of building a detailed computational model of that behavior; this paper describes the results of our analysis to date. We describe the NTD's performance in detail, as a team member who must coordinate a complex task though efficient audio communication, as well as an individual taking notes and consulting manuals. A model of the routine cognitive skills employed by the NTD to follow the launch countdown procedure manual has been implemented using the Soar cognitive architecture. The paper concludes with several examples of how such a model could aid in evaluating proposed computer support systems."
Phylogenetic diversity of the intestinal bacterial community in the termite Reticulitermes speratus (1996)

The phylogenetic diversity of the intestinal microflora of a lower termite, Reticulitermes speratus, was examined by a strategy which does not rely on cultivation of the resident microorganisms. Small-subunit rRNA genes (16S rDNAs) were directly amplified from the mixed-population DNA of the termite gut by the PCR and were clonally isolated. Analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequences showed the existence of well-characterized genera as well as the presence of bacterial species for which no 16S rDNA sequence data are available. Of 55 clones sequenced, 45 were phylogenetically affiliated with four of the major groups of the domain Bacteria: the Proteobacteria, the spirochete group, the Bacteroides group, and the low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria. Within the Proteobacteria, the 16S rDNA clones showed a close relationship to those of cultivated species of enteric bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, while the 16S rDNA clones in the remaining three groups showed only distant relationships to those of known organisms in these groups. Of the remaining 10 clones, among which 8 clones formed a cluster, there was only very low sequence similarity to known 16S rRNA sequences. None of these clones were affiliated with any of the major groups within the domain Bacteria. The 16S rDNA gene sequence data show that the majority of the intestinal microflora of R. speratus consists of new, uncultured species previously unknown to microbiologists.
A bio-inspired shape memory alloy composite (BISMAC) actuator (2010)

A beam-shape composite actuator using shape memory alloy (SMA) wires as the active component, termed a Bio-Inspired Shape Memory Alloy Composite (BISMAC), was designed to provide a large deformation profile. The BISMAC design was inspired by contraction of a jellyfish bell, utilizing the rowing mechanism for locomotion. Characterization of maximum deformation in underwater conditions was performed for different actuator configurations to analyze the effect of different design parameters, including silicone thickness, flexible steel thickness and distance between the SMA and flexible steel. A constant cross-section (CC)-BISMAC of length 16 cm was found to achieve deformation with a radius of curvature of 3.5 cm. Under equilibrium conditions, the CC-BISMAC was found to achieve 80% of maximum deformation, consuming 7.9 J/cycle driven at 16.2 V/0.98 A and a frequency of 0.25 Hz. A detailed analytical model was developed using the transfer matrix method and a 1D finite beam element (FE) model to simulate the behavior of the BISMAC incorporating gravity, buoyancy and SMA parameters. The FE and transfer matrix models had a maximum deformation error norm of 1.505 and 1.917 cm in comparison with experimentally observed beam deformation in the CC-BISMAC. The mean curvatures predicted by the FE and transfer matrix methods were 0.292 cm−1 and 0.295 cm−1 compared to a mean experimental curvature of 0.294 cm−1, a percentage error of −5.4% and 2.77%, respectively. Using the developed analytical model, an actuator design was fabricated mimicking the maximum deformation profile of jellyfish of the species Aurelia aurita (AA). The designed AA-BISMAC achieved a maximum curvature of 0.428 cm−1 as compared to 0.438 cm−1 for A. aurita with an average square root error of 0.043 cm−1, 10.2% of maximum A. aurita curvature.
Bridging the Gap between Tableau and Consequence-Based Reasoning. (2014)

Abstract. We present a non-deterministic consequence-based procedure for the description logic ALCHI. Just like the similar style (deterministic) procedures for EL and Horn-SHIQ, our procedure explicitly derives subsumptions between concepts, but due to non-deterministic rules, not all of these subsumptions are consequences of the ontology. Instead, the consequences are only those subsump-tions that can be derived regardless of the choices made in the application of the rules. This is similar to tableau-based procedures, for which an ontology is incon-sistent if every expansion of the tableau eventually results in a clash. We report on a preliminary experimental evaluation of the procedure using a version of SNOMED CT with disjunctions, which demonstrates some promising potential. 1
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are Activated by Visceral Afferents: Regulation by Cholecystokinin and Opioids (2005)

The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) receives dense terminations from cranial visceral afferents, including those from the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Although the NTS integrates peripheral satiety signals and relays this signal to central feeding centers, little is known about which NTS neurons are involved or what mechanisms are responsible. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are good candidates for GI integration, because disruption of the POMC gene leads to severe obesity and hyperphagia. Here, we used POMC-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice to identify NTS POMC neurons. Intraperitoneal administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) induced c-fos gene expression in NTS POMC-EGFP neurons, suggesting that they are activated by afferents stimulated by the satiety hormone. We tested the synaptic relationship of these neurons to visceral afferents and their modulation by CCK and opioids using patch recordings in horizontal brain slices. Electrical activation of the solitary tract (ST) evoked EPSCs in NTS POMC-EGFP neurons. The invariant latencies, low failure rates, and substantial paired-pulse depression of the ST-evoked EPSCs indicate that NTS POMC-EGFP neurons are second-order neurons directly contacted by afferent terminals. The EPSCs were blocked by the glutamate antagonist 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfonyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline. CCK increased the amplitude of the ST-stimulated EPSCs and the frequency of miniature EPSCs, effects attenuated by the CCK1 receptor antagonist lorglumide. In contrast, the orexigenic opioid agonists [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin and met-enkephalin inhibited both ST-stimulated EPSCs and the frequency of miniature EPSCs. These findings identify a potential satiety pathway in which visceral afferents directly activate NTS POMC-EGFP neurons with excitatory inputs that are appropriately modulated by appetite regulators.
Carbon‐Enriched Amorphous Hydrogenated Boron Carbide Films for Very‐Low‐<i>k</i> Interlayer Dielectrics (2017)

Abstract A longstanding challenge in ultralarge‐scale integration has been the continued improvement in low‐dielectric‐constant (low‐ k ) interlayer dielectric materials and other specialized layers in back‐end‐of‐the‐line interconnect fabrication. Modeled after the success of carbon‐containing organosilicate materials, carbon‐enriched amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide (a‐B x C:H y ) films are grown by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition from ortho ‐carborane and methane. These films contain more extraicosahedral sp 3 hydrocarbon groups than nonenriched a‐B x C:H y films, as revealed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and also exhibit lower dielectric constants than their nonenriched counterparts, notably due to low densities combined with a low distortion and orientation contribution to the total polarizability. Films with dielectric constant as low as 2.5 are reported with excellent electrical stability (leakage current of 10 −9 A cm −2 at 2 MV cm −1 and breakdown voltage of &gt;6 MV cm −1 ), good thermal conductivity of 0.31 ± 0.03 W m −1 K −1 , and high projected Young's modulus of 12 ± 3 GPa. These properties rival those of leading SiOC:H materials, and position a‐B x C:H y as an important complement to traditional Si‐based materials to meet the complex needs of next‐generation interconnect fabrication.
Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptor Antagonists and Parkinson’s Disease (2011)

This Review summarizes and updates the work on adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists for Parkinson's disease from 2006 to the present. There have been numerous publications, patent applications, and press releases within this time frame that highlight new medicinal chemistry approaches to this attractive and promising target to treat Parkinson's disease. The Review is broken down by scaffold type and will discuss the efforts to optimize particular scaffolds for activity, pharmacokinetics, and other drug discovery parameters. The majority of approaches focus on preparing selective A(2A) antagonists, but a few approaches to dual A(2A)/A(1) antagonists will also be highlighted. The in vivo profiles of compounds will be highlighted and discussed to compare activities across different chemical series. A clinical report and update will be given on compounds that have entered clinical trials.
Lexical and Constructional Aspects of Linguistic Explanation (1998)

Introduction Part I. Lexical Argument Structure: 1. Kinds of objecthood in Chamorro grammar 2. A composition approach to Modern Greek 'weak form' possessives 3. West Greenlandic noun incorporation in a monohierarchical theory of grammar 4. Dissociations between ARG-ST and grammatical relations Part II. Lexical and Syntactic Constructions: 5. A lexical approach to quantifier floating in French 6. German Pied-Piper infinitives 7. Inversion and constructional inheritance 8. German partial-VP topicalization revisited 9. English number names in HPSG Part III. Binding Theory: 10. Long-distance reflexives and the binding square of opposition 11. HPSG, GB, and the Balinese bind Part IV. Case and Agreement: 12. Peripheral constructions and core phenomena 13. Locus agreement in American sign language 14. On case assignment and 'adjuncts as complements' Part IV. Formal and Computational Issues: 15. The importance of being lazy 16. Inside-out constraints and description languages for HPSG 16. Strong generative capacity in HPSG 17. Off-line constraint propagation for efficient HPSG processing 17. Conjunctive semantics for semantically transparent adverbials 18. Antecedent contained ellipsis in HPSG 19. The scope-marking construction in German 20. Lexicalization of context Name index Subject index.
Heavy Metal Pollution of Soils Along Three Major Highways in Bangladesh (1998)

A study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal pollution of roadside soils by vehicles along three major highways in Bangladesh: Dhaka-Aricha, Dhaka-Chittagong and Dhaka-Mymensingh highways. Total contents of Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn were determined by the HF -HNG.J -HCIG, acid treatment. Accumulation of Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn in roadside soils along Dhaka-Mymensingh highway was observed, possibly due to the intensive traffic of vehicles. In addition, sporadic high Zn accumulation was noticed in soils along three highways which was ascribed to the industrial discharge.
Phase III Trial of Weekly Methotrexate or Pulsed Dactinomycin for Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study (2011)

The biweekly dactinomycin regimen has a higher CR rate than the weekly IM methotrexate regimen in low-risk GTN, a generally curable disease.
High capacity lithium ion batteries having oxides, peroxides, or superoxides as cathode active material (2023)

Described herein is an electrochemical device including a cathode containing an electroactive material including LO.sub.2 or L.sub.2O.sub.2, wherein each L is independently selected from Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, and Al; the electroactive material is carbon-coated, metal-coated, metal oxide-coated, nano-sized, or doped; and the electroactive material is substantially free of transition metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of a Strained Germacycle Having a Ge‐Ge Bond, 3,4‐Benzo‐1,1,2,2‐tetraethyl‐1,2‐digermacyclobut‐3‐ene. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Road Map for Nanocrystal Based Infrared Photodetectors (2018)

Infrared (IR) sensors based on epitaxially grown semiconductors face two main challenges which are their prohibitive cost and the difficulty to rise the operating temperature. The quest for alternative technologies which will tackle these two difficulties requires the development of new IR active materials. Over the past decade, significant progresses have been achieved. In this perspective, we summarize the current state of the art relative to nanocrystal based IR sensing and stress the main materials, devices and industrial challenges which will have to be addressed over the 5 next years.
Fast and accurate computation of two-dimensional non-separable quadratic-phase integrals (2010)

We report a fast and accurate algorithm for numerical computation of two-dimensional non-separable linear canonical transforms (2D-NS-LCTs). Also known as quadratic-phase integrals, this class of integral transforms represents a broad class of optical systems including Fresnel propagation in free space, propagation in graded-index media, passage through thin lenses, and arbitrary concatenations of any number of these, including anamorphic/astigmatic/non-orthogonal cases. The general two-dimensional non-separable case poses several challenges which do not exist in the one-dimensional case and the separable two-dimensional case. The algorithm takes approximately N log N time, where N is the two-dimensional space-bandwidth product of the signal. Our method properly tracks and controls the space-bandwidth products in two dimensions, in order to achieve information theoretically sufficient, but not wastefully redundant, sampling required for the reconstruction of the underlying continuous functions at any stage of the algorithm. Additionally, we provide an alternative definition of general 2D-NS-LCTs that shows its kernel explicitly in terms of its ten parameters, and relate these parameters bidirectionally to conventional ABCD matrix parameters.
Potassium-Containing <i>α</i> -MnO <sub>2</sub> Nanotubes: The Impact of Hollow Regions on Electrochemistry (2021)

α -MnO 2 type materials have been studied as electrode materials in rechargeable batteries and electrocatalysts due to their 2 × 2 tunneled crystal structures capable of accommodating cations and their tunable physiochemical properties. In this study, we deliberately synthesized K + containing α -MnO 2 (K 0.9 Mn 8 O 16 ) hollow nanotubes varying the dimensions of the hollow regions and level of surface defects. The K 0.9 Mn 8 O 16 nanotube material samples have similar crystallinity, thermal stability, and average Mn oxidation state. Oxygen surface defects in the hollow regions were revealed through detailed studies using electron energy loss spectroscopy. The impact of the hollow regions and associated surface defects on the electrochemistry of K x Mn 8 O 16 were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and galvanostatic cycling. The K 0.9 Mn 8 O 16 nanotubes with a large hollow region (∼30 nm) and higher level of surface defects show higher apparent lithium ion diffusion coefficients and lower polarization compared to the nanotubes with a small hollow region (∼10 nm). In-situ lithiation demonstrated that the dimensions of the nanotube walls expanded, but the hollow region did not change in size as result of lithiation. This research demonstrates that tuning particle architecture and surface defects can positively impact functional behavior of electrochemical storage materials.
Synthesis of Ti3SiC2 Powder by Mechanical Alloying and Mechanical Property of the Sintered Compacts. (2001)

The synthesis of Ti3SiC2 powder by mechanical alloying (MA) from elemental Ti, Si and C powders and pressureless sintering of the synthesized Ti3SiC2 powder were conducted. A high energy vibratory mill was used for the MA, in which the process parameters, such as milling time and ball size, were varied to investigate the MA conditions for Ti3SiC2 formation from the elemental powders. The Ti3SiC2 phase was first formed during the MA process using large-sized balls, i.e. with a large energy, but subsequently transformed gradually to an amorphous phase. When using small-sized balls, no Ti3SiC2 was formed during the MA although amorphous phase were obtained similarly as a fine powder. The MA-derived amorphous powders could be pressulessly sintered to dense Ti3SiC2-based ceramics containing less than 30% TiCx as a secondary phase. The density, microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered compacts were investigated with an emphasis on the effect of MA time.
Differential Rates of Perinatal Maturation of Human Primary and Nonprimary Auditory Cortex (2018)

Primary and nonprimary cerebral cortex mature along different timescales; however, the differences between the rates of maturation of primary and nonprimary cortex are unclear. Cortical maturation can be measured through changes in tissue microstructure detectable by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to characterize the maturation of Heschl's gyrus (HG), which contains both primary auditory cortex (pAC) and nonprimary auditory cortex (nAC), in 90 preterm infants between 26 and 42 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The preterm infants were in different acoustical environments during their hospitalization: 46 in open ward beds and 44 in single rooms. A control group consisted of 15 term-born infants. Diffusion parameters revealed that (1) changes in cortical microstructure that accompany cortical maturation had largely already occurred in pAC by 28 weeks PMA, and (2) rapid changes were taking place in nAC between 26 and 42 weeks PMA. At term equivalent PMA, diffusion parameters for auditory cortex were different between preterm infants and term control infants, reflecting either delayed maturation or injury. No effect of room type was observed. For the preterm group, disturbed maturation of nonprimary (but not primary) auditory cortex was associated with poorer language performance at age two years.
A cross-national study of the persistence of antihypertensive medication use in the elderly (2008)

Despite differences in factors associated with persistence, non-persistence patterns are strikingly similar in all three populations. This suggests that the problem of non-persistence transcends international boundaries.