gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Modeling of the Voltage Dependency of Capacitance and Impedance Frequency Characteristics of Packed EDLCs (2008)

Frequency characteristics and their dependence on charge voltage for a packed electric double layer capacitor (EDLC), which consists of a series of connected EDLC cells, are characterized and modeled based on small ac signal analysis. The results indicate that rated capacitance of a packed EDLC is valid only at frequencies lower than 0.01 Hz at the rated charge voltage but the capacitance is lower for frequencies higher than 0.01 Hz and for lower charge voltages. A conventional simple RC-equivalent circuit, consisting of a capacitor and a resistance in series, is inadequate for expressing EDLC frequency characteristics; therefore, a second-order RC equivalent circuit is used as a model for a packed EDLC. The charge voltage dependency in the frequency characteristics of packed EDLC is evaluated, based on this equivalent circuit. The parameters of the equivalent circuit and their charge voltage dependencies are evaluated from the results. The proposed packed EDLC model is validated by charge and discharge operations in an experimental circuit. The results show that the model can accurately assess the charge stored in a packed EDLC.
Metallorganische Verbindungen des Iridiums und Rhodiums, XXIII. Chelatphosphan‐substituierte Iridaheterocyclen des Typs (<i>chel</i>‐P<sub>3</sub>)[(2)] (1985)

Abstract Aryliridium(I)‐ Verbindungen des Typs Ir(CO)[C 6 H 4–n Me n –CH 3 ‐(2)](PPh 3 ) 2 reagieren mit Chelatphosphanen chel ‐P 3 unter PPh 3 ‐Substitution, CO‐Insertion und oxidativer Benzyl C – H‐Addition spontan zu metallaheterocyclischen Iridaindanon‐Spezies der Formel fac ‐ (chel ‐P 3 ) equation image 1 – 4 ) (C 6 H 4‐n Me n C 6 H 4 , C 6 H 3 Me‐(6), C 6 H 2 Me 2 ‐(4, 6); chel ‐P 3 PhP[(CH 2 ) 3 PPh 2 ] 2 , MeP[(CH 2 ) 3 PPh 2 ] 2 , PhP[(CH 2 ) 2 PPh 2 ] 2 MeC(CH 2 PPh 2 ) 3 ). Die cyclischen Iridium(III)‐Verbindungen wurden spektroskopisch (IR, 1 H‐ und 31 P‐NMR) sowie röntgenographisch ( fac ‐[PhP(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 PPh 2 ) 2 ]‐ equation image , 1 a ) untersucht.
The case for xenotransplantation (2015)

The availability of organs and cells from deceased humans for transplantation is not meeting the demand. Xenotransplantation, specifically the transplantation of organs and cells from genetically engineered pigs, could resolve this problem. Diabetic monkeys have remained normoglycemic and insulin-independent after pig islet transplantation for >one yr, and a pig heterotopic (non-life-supporting) heart transplant recently reached the one-yr milestone in a baboon. With these encouraging results, why is it that, with some notable exceptions, research into xenotransplantation has received relatively little support by industry, government funding agencies, and medical charitable foundations? Industry appears reluctant to support research that will take more than two to three yr to come to clinical trial, and the funding agencies appear to have been "distracted" by the current appeal of stem cell technology and regenerative medicine. It has only been the willingness of living donors to provide organs that has significantly increased the number of transplants being performed worldwide. These altruistic donations are not without risk of morbidity and even mortality to the donor. Although with the best of intentions, we are therefore traversing the Hippocratic Oath of doctors to "do no harm." This should be a stimulus to fund exploration of alternative approaches, including xenotransplantation.
Evaluation of Semiconductor Surfaces by Radioluminography. (1993)

Radioluminography is a new type autoradiography, in which a radioactivity distribution pattern is recorded in a photo-stimurable phosphor layer of an imaging plate, then converted, on a reading unit, to digitalized image data storable in a disk, and finally visualized and quantitatively analyzed by using an analyzing unit. This method was applied to the evaluations of 59Fe and 64Cu adsorption on Si wafer surface and of SC-1 (NH4OH : H2O2 : H2O=1 vol : 1 vol : 5 vol) cleaning efficiency against these adsorbed impurities. The distributions of the adsorbed radioisotopes before and after the cleaning were manifested to be understood at a glance. It was found that radioisotope density in any area at any position on the wafer could be determined with the detection limit of the order of 108 atoms/cm2 and the dynamic range over the order of 104.
Relating ambulatory voice measures with self-ratings of vocal fatigue in individuals with phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (2017)

Advancements in mobile and wearable technologies continue to enhance ambulatory voice monitoring for the improved assessment and treatment of behaviorally based voice disorders. Phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction is one common behaviorally based voice disorder associated with faulty patterns of chronic vocal behavior that result in vocal fold tissue trauma, such as nodules or polyps. As a result, individuals often exhibit dysphonia and elevated levels of vocal fatigue. This study investigated the relationships between self-ratings of vocal fatigue and ambulatory voice measures in 44 patients with vocal fold nodules or polyps and a control group of individuals with normal voices matched for sex, age, and occupation. Using a smartphone-based ambulatory voice monitor, self-ratings were provided on a visual analog scale at five-hour intervals during the day, and data were continuously recorded from a subglottal neck-surface accelerometer. Voice dosimetry metrics and summary statistics of ambulatory voice measures were derived from accelerometer-based estimates of sound pressure level, fundamental frequency, and spectral and cepstral properties. Given the variance inherent in perceptual judgments, the analyses focused on comparisons between time periods that exhibited differences in self-ratings that were determined to be significant (&amp;gt;19.7 points on a 100-point scale).
Virtual evidence for training speech recognizers using partially labeled data (2007)

Collecting supervised training data for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is both time consuming and expensive. In this paper we use the notion of virtual evidence in a graphical-model based system to reduce the amount of supervisory training data required for sequence learning tasks. We apply this approach to a TIMIT phone recognition system, and show that our VE-based training scheme can, relative to a baseline trained with the full segmentation, yield similar results with only 15.3% of the frames labeled (keeping the number of utterances fixed).
Cerebrospinal fluid and serum protein markers in autism: A co‐twin study (2021)

No robust biomarkers have yet been identified for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autistic traits. Familial factors likely influence biomarkers such as protein concentrations. Comparing twins with ASD or high autistic traits to the less affected co-twin allows estimating the impact of familial confounding. We measured 203 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (n = 86) and serum (n = 127) in twins (mean age 14.2 years, 44.9% females) enriched for ASD and other neurodevelopmental conditions. Autistic traits were assessed by using the parent-report version of the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. In cerebrospinal fluid, autistic traits correlated negatively with three proteins and positively with one. In serum, autistic traits correlated positively with 15 and negatively with one. Also in serum, six were positively-and one negatively-associated with ASD. A pathway analysis of these proteins revealed immune system enrichment. In within twin pair analyses, autistic traits were associated with serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF) only, whereas Cystatin B (CSTB) remained significantly associated with ASD. These associations did not remain significant when only considering monozygotic twins. For the remainder, the within-pair analysis indicated familial confounding, including shared environment and genes, influencing both autism and protein levels. Our findings indicate proteins involved in immunity as putative biomarkers of autistic traits and ASD with partial genetic confounding. Although some results are in line with previous studies in general, further studies are needed for replication.
Analyzing the divide between FPGA academic and commercial results (2015)

The pinnacle of success for academic work is often achieved by having impact on commercial products. In order to have a successful transfer bridge, academic evaluation flows need to provide representative results of similar quality to commercial flows. A majority of publications in FPGA research use the same set of known academic CAD tools and benchmarks to evaluate new architecture and tool ideas. However, it is not clear whether the claims in academic publications based on these tools and benchmarks translate to real benefits in commercial products. In this work we compare the latest Xilinx commercial tools and products with these well-known academic tools to identify the gap in the major figures of merit. Our results show that there is a significant 2.2X gap in speed-performance for similar process technology. We have also identified the area-efficiency and runtime divide between commercial and academic tools to be 5% and 2.2X, respectively. We show that it is possible to improve portions of the academic flow such as ABC logic optimization to match the quality of commercial tools at the expense of additional runtime. Our results also show that depth reduction, which is often used as the main figure of merit for logic optimization papers does not translate to post-routing timing improvements. We finally discuss the differences between academic and commercial benchmark designs. We explain the main differences and trends that may influence the topic choice and conclusions of academic research. This work emphasizes how difficult it is to identify the relevant FPGA academic work that can provide meaningful benefits for commercial products.
High-order harmonic generation in a gas-filled hollow fiber (2002)

Summary form only given. We report high order harmonic generation (HHG) (11th-27th) in a hollow fiber. The laser pulses used in this study were generated by a CPA-based Ti:sapphire laser producing the 80-fs pulses with 4 mJ at a 10-Hz repetition rate. The amplified pulses were focused to 90 /spl mu/m in diameter with an achromatic lens just behind a pin hole of a static gas cell in a vacuum chamber.
PD16-08 COST SAVINGS ANALYSIS OF INPATIENT ADVANCED PRACTICE PROVIDER (2019)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes trends and etiologies in 30-day readmission rates for major urological procedures, specifically radical prostatectomy (RP), radical nephrectomy (RN), and partial nephrectomy (PN).
Study on colorectal cancer using a human colorectal air liquid interface organoid model (2019)

Tumor microenvironment has been implicated in tumor development and progression. As a three-dimensional tumor microenvironment model, air liquid interface (ALI) organoid culture system was recently produced. In our previous study, ALI organoid model from normal and tumor colorectal tissues of human patients was established. Both organoids were successfully generated and showed cystic structures containing an epithelial layer and surrounding mesenchymal stromal cells. Structures of tumor organoids closely resembled primary tumor epithelium. Tumor organoids were more resistant to toxicity of 5-fluorouracil and Irinotecan than colorectal cancer cell lines, SW480, SW620 and HCT116 (Usui et al., Stem Cells Int, 2016, Curr Protoc Toxicol, 2018). We also demonstrated that Hedgehog signals mediate anti-cancer drug resistance in colorectal tumor patient-derived ALI organoids and that the inhibitors are useful as a combinational therapeutic strategy against colorectal cancer (Usui et al., Int J Mol Sci, 2018).
Ultrasmall Mixed Eu–Gd Oxide Nanoparticles for Multimodal Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Passive Accumulation and Retention in TBI (2020)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. TBI can have a long-term impact on the quality of life for survivors of all ages. However, there remains no approved treatment that improves outcomes following TBI, which is partially due to poor delivery of therapies into the brain. Therefore, there is a significant unmet need to develop more effective delivery strategies that increase the accumulation and retention of potentially efficacious treatments in the injured brain. Recent work has revealed that nanoparticles (NPs) may offer a promising approach for site-specific delivery; however, a detailed understanding of the specific NP properties that promote brain accumulation and retention are still being developed. Multimodal imaging plays a vital role in the understanding of physicochemical properties that initiate the uptake and accumulation of NPs in the brain at both high spatial (e.g., fluorescence imaging) and temporal (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) frequency. However, many NP systems that are currently used in TBI only provide contrast in a single imaging modality limiting the imaging data that can be obtained, and those that offer multimodal imaging capabilities have complicated multistep synthesis methods. Therefore, the goal of this work was to develop an ultrasmall NP with simple fabrication capable of multimodal imaging. Here, we describe the development, characterization, accumulation, and retention of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated europium-gadolinium (Eu-Gd) mixed magnetic NPs (MNPs) in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. We find that these NPs having an ultrasmall core size of 2 nm and a small hydrodynamic size of 13.5 nm can be detected in both fluorescence and MR imaging modalities and rapidly accumulate and are retained in injured brain parenchyma. These NPs should allow for further testing of NP physicochemical properties that promote accumulation and retention in TBI and other disease models.
EmpathicGPS: Exploring the Role of Voice Tonality in Navigation Systems during Simulated Driving (2020)

Emotional arousal influences focus, attention and decision-making, which are critical when driving. To help promote an optimal arousal level, this work considers a closed-loop navigation system that adapts its voice tonality based on the physiology of the driver. In a controlled driving simulator study, 18 participants were requested to follow the instructions of a navigation system under three different conditions: 1) "neutral" in which the voice of the navigation was always the same, 2) "congruent" in which the perceived arousal of the voice mirrored the physiological arousal of the driver, and 3) "incongruent" in which the voice of the navigation system mirrored the inverted arousal of the driver. Our results show that adapting the voice tonality can significantly influence subjective self-reported ratings as well as different aspects of driving performance.
A Perturbation Approach for Analyzing Dispersion and Group Velocities in Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Periodic Lattices (2011)

The paper investigates wave dispersion in two-dimensional, weakly nonlinear periodic lattices. A perturbation approach, originally developed for one-dimensional systems and extended herein, allows for closed-form determination of the effects nonlinearities have on dispersion and group velocity. These expressions are used to identify amplitude-dependent bandgaps, and wave directivity in the anisotropic setting. The predictions from the perturbation technique are verified by numerically integrating the lattice equations of motion. For small amplitude waves, excellent agreement is documented for dispersion relationships and directivity patterns. Further, numerical simulations demonstrate that the response in anisotropic nonlinear lattices is characterized by amplitude-dependent “dead zones.”
Strong Second Harmonic Generation in Metamaterial-Quantum Well systems. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
Effect of whole-body vibration on lower-limb EMG activity in subjects with and without spinal cord injury (2014)

These findings suggest that WBV with appropriate parameters may constitute a promising intervention to treat musculoskeletal degradation after chronic SCI.
Observation of Two New Excited <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mml:mi><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> States Decaying to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:msup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> (2022)

Two narrow resonant states are observed in the Λ_{b}^{0}K^{-}π^{+} mass spectrum using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}. The minimal quark content of the Λ_{b}^{0}K^{-}π^{+} system indicates that these are excited Ξ_{b}^{0} baryons. The masses of the Ξ_{b}(6327)^{0} and Ξ_{b}(6333)^{0} states are m[Ξ_{b}(6327)^{0}]=6327.28_{-0.21}^{+0.23}±0.12±0.24 and m[Ξ_{b}(6333)^{0}]=6332.69_{-0.18}^{+0.17}±0.03±0.22 MeV, respectively, with a mass splitting of Δm=5.41_{-0.27}^{+0.26}±0.12 MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the Λ_{b}^{0} mass measurement. The measured natural widths of these states are consistent with zero, with upper limits of Γ[Ξ_{b}(6327)^{0}]<2.20(2.56) and Γ[Ξ_{b}(6333)^{0}]<1.60(1.92) MeV at a 90% (95%) credibility level. The significance of the two-peak hypothesis is larger than nine (five) Gaussian standard deviations compared to the no-peak (one-peak) hypothesis. The masses, widths, and resonant structure of the new states are in good agreement with the expectations for a doublet of 1D Ξ_{b}^{0} resonances.
Effects of Seizures, Kindling, and Carbamazepine on Sleep Organization in Cats (1992)

We studied the relationships between epilepsy, sleep, and anticonvulsant drugs in kindled cats. No sleep alteration was present at midkindling. When the animals became fully kindled, a reduction in REM sleep percentage and the number of entries into REM sleep were observed compared to baseline. In addition, with further seizures, an increase in the percentage of wakefulness appeared, accompanied by a further reduction in the number of entries into REM sleep. It therefore seems that there is a progressive disruption of sleep, dependent on the increasing number of tonic-clonic generalized seizures. After a seizure-free interval, REM sleep and wakefulness returned to baseline values. A reduction in the percentage of stage II compared to baseline was found and remained as a long-term effect of the kindling process. Acute administration of carbamazepine (CBZ) reduced the REM sleep percentage. This effect, paralleled by a reduction in the number of entries into REM sleep, was evident both at baseline and when the animals were fully kindled. After a large number of seizures, however, CBZ administration did not cause a further reduction in the already low percentage of REM sleep. Results are discussed with reference to previous literature. We propose a hypothesis of competition between seizure and REM sleep in the elimination of epileptogenic and hypnogenic factors.
TRIM21, a negative modulator of LFG in breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro (2015)

Lifeguard (LFG) is a transmembrane protein which is highly expressed in tissues of the hippocampus and the cerebellum, especially during postnatal development. This protein is responsible for the protection of neurons against Fas-induced apoptosis, and the same effect can be seen in tumor cells derived from mastocarcinoma. However, the molecular function of LFG and its regulation in the carcinogenesis of human breast cells remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the connection of the interaction of LFG within an array analysis of over 9,000 different proteins. Results showed an interaction between the proteins tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) and LFG and a negative regulatory effect of TRIM21 towards LFG on the protein level. Furthermore, Fas-induced apoptosis decreased upon the addition of TRIM21 to the cultured cells. These results revealed TRIM21 to be a negative modulator of LFG in cells of mastocarcinoma in vitro. For all analyses, MDA-MB-231 cells were used. The interaction of TRIM21 and LFG was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. To examine changes in regulatory processes, western blot analyses, real-time PCR, activity of apoptotic process and flow cytometric analyses were carried out.
Development and operation of an airborne VHF SAR system-lessons learned (1998)

The interest in using VHF/UHF ultra-wideband SAR for the purpose of target detection and recognition has grown in the past few years. Low operating frequencies are required to penetrate an obscuring canopy or soil. Several crucial design issues can be identified for a system to be operated in the lower VHF-band (20-90 MHz), in particular the antenna system, the receiver chain and the waveform generator. The low directivity of the antenna implies that the synthetic aperture will be long, and this sets requirements on the accuracy and temporal stability of the navigation system to be able to apply the motion compensation properly. The large amount of data will also have an impact on the SAR processing schemes to be used, trading off processing time versus some image quality parameter. A lot of experience has been gained from the realization and operation of the airborne CARABAS I system and has now been invested in the upgraded system, CARABAS II, operational since 1996, and with considerably improved performance figures. CARABAS II has so far acquired data appropriate for studies of applications such as foliage penetration, biomass estimation and SAR interferometry.
Confronting Sulfur Electrode Passivation and Li Metal Electrode Degradation in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Using Thiocyanate Anion (2023)

Salt anions with a high donor number (DN) enable high sulfur utilization in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries by inducing three-dimensional (3D) Li<sub>2</sub> S growth. However, their insufficient compatibility with Li metal electrodes limits their cycling stability. Herein, a new class of salt anion, thiocyanate (SCN<sup>-</sup> ), is presented, which features a Janus character of electron donor and acceptor. Due to a strong Li<sup>+</sup> coordination by SCN<sup>-</sup> and the direct interaction of SCN<sup>-</sup> with polysulfide anions, the LiSCN electrolyte has a remarkably high lithium polysulfide solubility. This electrolyte induces 3D Li<sub>2</sub> S formation and ameliorates cathode passivation, even more than Br<sup>-</sup> , a typical high DN anion. Moreover, SCN<sup>-</sup> forms a Li<sub>3</sub> N-enriched stable SEI layer at the surface of the Li metal electrode, enhancing cycling stability. A Li-S battery with the LiSCN electrolyte shows high current density operation (2.54 mA cm⁻<sup>2</sup> ) with high discharge capacity (1133 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup> ) and prolonged cycle life (100 cycles). This work demonstrates that the cathode and anode performance in a Li-S battery can be simply and concurrently enhanced by the single salt anion.