gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond the 45th parallel: Northern climate direct normal irradiance data and analysis (2012)

This paper investigates the impact of low-temporal resolution typical meteorological year data sets on the predictive ability of a CPV energy yield model. High-temporal datasets measured at the University of Ottawa SUNLAB were converted to low-temporal resolution, Canada Weather for Energy Calculation forma. Both datasets were then utilized in a lab-built, calibrated, single-optic, CPV energy yield model and the results compared. For both clear-sky and intermittently cloudy conditions it is shown that reduced temporal resolution has negligible impact on the energy yield calculations. This finding alleviates one of the two commonly cited concerns regarding the use of typical meteorological year data sets in CPV energy yield calculations.
Open Versus Closed Hearing-Aid Fittings: A Literature Review of Both Fitting Approaches (2016)

One of the main issues in hearing-aid fittings is the abnormal perception of the user's own voice as too loud, "boomy," or "hollow." This phenomenon known as the occlusion effect be reduced by large vents in the earmolds or by open-fit hearing aids. This review provides an overview of publications related to open and closed hearing-aid fittings. First, the occlusion effect and its consequences for perception while using hearing aids are described. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of open compared with closed fittings and their impact on the fitting process are addressed. The advantages include less occlusion, improved own-voice perception and sound quality, and increased localization performance. The disadvantages associated with open-fit hearing aids include reduced benefits of directional microphones and noise reduction, as well as less compression and less available gain before feedback. The final part of this review addresses the need for new approaches to combine the advantages of open and closed hearing-aid fittings.
Performance of the missing transverse momentum triggers for the ATLAS detector during Run-2 data taking (2020)

A bstract The factor of four increase in the LHC luminosity, from 0 . 5 × 10 34 cm − 2 s − 1 to 2 . 0 × 10 34 cm − 2 s − 1 , and the corresponding increase in pile-up collisions during the 2015–2018 data-taking period, presented a challenge for the ATLAS trigger, particularly for those algorithms that select events with missing transverse momentum. The output data rate at fixed threshold typically increases exponentially with the number of pile-up collisions, so the legacy algorithms from previous LHC data-taking periods had to be tuned and new approaches developed to maintain the high trigger efficiency achieved in earlier operations. A study of the trigger performance and comparisons with simulations show that these changes resulted in event selection efficiencies of &gt; 98% for this period, meeting and in some cases exceeding the performance of similar triggers in earlier run periods, while at the same time keeping the necessary bandwidth within acceptable limits.
ESICM LIVES 2016: part two (2016)

carbon dioxide 30 [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] mmHg and median temperature 37.1 [36.8-37.3] C. After removal of artefacts, the mean monitoring time was 22 h08 (8 h54). All patients had impaired cerebral autoregulation during their monitoring time. The mean IAR index was 17 (9.5) %. During H 0 H 6 and H 18 H 24 , the majority of our patients; respectively 53 and 71 % had an IAR index > 10 %. Conclusion According to our data, patients with septic shock had impaired cerebral autoregulation within the first 24 hours of their admission in the ICU. In our patients, we described a variability of distribution of impaired autoregulation according to time.
Study of the inclusion complexes formed between 4-phenylbutyrate and α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin in solution and evaluation on their taste-masking properties (2022)

αCD significantly masks the unpleasant taste of PB in solution and can be used to formulate PB to address the limitations of existing formulations and improve patient compliance and quality of life.
Towards aryl C–N bond formation in dynamic thin films (2014)

C-N bond forming reactions are important in organic chemistry. A thin film microfluidic vortex fluidic device (VFD) operating under confined mode affords N-aryl compounds from 2-chloropyrazine and the corresponding amine, without the need for a transition metal catalyst.
Infill decisions using simulated migration amplitudes (2004)

A velocity/depth model from a seismic data set was used together with the P1/90 navigation data to estimate the subsurface illumination and the migration amplitudes along key horizons. These simulated migration amplitudes can be generated during the acquisition to assess the need for infill shooting.
Electron backscatter diffraction: Exploring the microstructure in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)<sub>2</sub> and CdTe thin-film solar cells (2010)

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in a scanning electron microscope provides access to grain-size and local-orientation distributions, film textures and grain-boundary types of thin-film solar cells. Since EBSD exhibits an information depth of only about 20 nm in Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and CdTe thin films, the most important issue of the corresponding analyses is an appropriate preparation of layer or cross-section surfaces in order to reduce possible surface roughnesses to a minimum. When EBSD is combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements, compositional as well as electrical and optoelectronic material properties are obtained, complementarily to the microstructural information.
Enzymatic Degradation of Melt-Spun Fibers from Poly(butylene succinate) Copolyesters with Terephthalic Acid. (2001)

Poly(butylene succinate) copolyesters with terephthalic acid (T) were melt-spun into monofilaments, subsequently were drawn with draw ratio of 2-6 times. The structure and properties of these drawn fibers were examined by wide angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile test and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The enzymatic degradation of these fibers was performed in a buffer solution with Rhizopus delemar lipase at 37°C and evaluated by weight loss, SEM observation and tensile strength retention. The copolyester with 17 mol % of T component (T-17) fiber drawn with draw ratio of 6 times at 40°C showed the much higher degradation rate than poly(butylene succinate) and the copolyester with 52 mol % of T component (T-52) fibers. Tensile strength of T-17 fiber was decreased appreciably at the initial stage of the enzymatic degradation. The degradation rate of T-17 fiber was remarkably decreased with increasing the draw ratio of the fibers due to the increase in crystallinity and the development of orientation in the amorphous region.
New electrode material for low-loss and high-Q FBAR filters (2005)

We have developed a new electrode material, suitable for AlN-based FBARs. The necessary conditions for FBAR electrode materials are low density, low resistivity, and high acoustic impedance. We investigated the influence of electrode materials on the resonant characteristics of FBAR in FEM simulations and experiments. We found the properties of ruthenium (Ru) to be suitable for use as electrode materials for AlN-based FBARs. In addition, by smoothing the surface of the electrodes, full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the X-ray rocking curves of the AlN films is found to be 2.9/spl deg/ on Ru electrodes. The resonant characteristics of FBAR using Ru electrodes were an unloaded resonant quality factor, Q/sub r/, of 3585 and an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient, k/sup 2/, of 6.6% at 5 GHz. Furthermore, we applied these resonators to ladder-type FBAR filters for 5 and 2 GHz. As a result, we achieved low-loss and high-Q FBAR filters with Ru electrodes.
Inhibition of ischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis through targeted ablation of Bnip3 restrains postinfarction remodeling in mice (2007)

Following myocardial infarction, nonischemic myocyte death results in infarct expansion, myocardial loss, and ventricular dysfunction. Here, we demonstrate that a specific proapoptotic gene, Bnip3, minimizes ventricular remodeling in the mouse, despite having no effect on early or late infarct size. We evaluated the effects of ablating Bnip3 on cardiomyocyte death, infarct size, and ventricular remodeling after surgical ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in mice. Immediately following IR, no significant differences were observed between Bnip3(-/-) and WT mice. However, at 2 days after IR, apoptosis was diminished in Bnip3(-/-) periinfarct and remote myocardium, and at 3 weeks after IR, Bnip3(-/-) mice exhibited preserved LV systolic performance, diminished LV dilation, and decreased ventricular sphericalization. These results suggest myocardial salvage by inhibition of apoptosis. Forced cardiac expression of Bnip3 increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in unstressed mice, causing progressive LV dilation and diminished systolic function. Conditional Bnip3 overexpression prior to coronary ligation increased apoptosis and infarct size. These studies identify postischemic apoptosis by myocardial Bnip3 as a major determinant of ventricular remodeling in the infarcted heart, suggesting that Bnip3 may be an attractive therapeutic target.
ChemInform Abstract: Annex: Synthesis of Engineered Nanomaterials (2013)

Abstract Review: 93 refs.
Evaluation of a Genetic Risk Score to Improve Risk Prediction for Alzheimer’s Disease (2016)

Effective prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires the development of risk prediction tools permitting preclinical intervention. We constructed a genetic risk score (GRS) comprising common genetic variants associated with AD, evaluated its association with incident AD and assessed its capacity to improve risk prediction over traditional models based on age, sex, education, and APOEɛ4. In eight prospective cohorts included in the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP), we derived weighted sum of risk alleles from the 19 top SNPs reported by the IGAP GWAS in participants aged 65 and older without prevalent dementia. Hazard ratios (HR) of incident AD were estimated in Cox models. Improvement in risk prediction was measured by the difference in C-index (Δ-C), the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI>0). Overall, 19,687 participants at risk were included, of whom 2,782 developed AD. The GRS was associated with a 17% increase in AD risk (pooled HR = 1.17; 95% CI = [1.13-1.21] per standard deviation increase in GRS; p-value = 2.86×10-16). This association was stronger among persons with at least one APOEɛ4 allele (HRGRS = 1.24; 95% CI = [1.15-1.34]) than in others (HRGRS = 1.13; 95% CI = [1.08-1.18]; pinteraction = 3.45×10-2). Risk prediction after seven years of follow-up showed a small improvement when adding the GRS to age, sex, APOEɛ4, and education (Δ-Cindex = 0.0043 [0.0019-0.0067]). Similar patterns were observed for IDI and NRI>0. In conclusion, a risk score incorporating common genetic variation outside the APOEɛ4 locus improved AD risk prediction and may facilitate risk stratification for prevention trials.
Treatment of multiple myeloma with recombinant alpha-interferon (1986)

Thirty-two patients with multiple myeloma were treated with recombinant alpha-interferon clone A (rIFN alpha A) daily by intramuscular injection with an initial dose of 12 X 10(6) U/m2. Of 27 patients evaluable for response, tumor responses were obtained in seven of 14 previously untreated patients (50%) and two of 13 who had relapsed or failed prior chemotherapy (15%). In all patients who had tumor response, there was restoration from subnormal levels of serum immunoglobulins, an effect infrequently observed with chemotherapy. The median duration of tumor responses exceeded 14 months (range, 6 to 20). Moderate-to-severe fatigue was the predominant side effect and necessitated dose reductions in all patients. We conclude that treatment of early stages of multiple myeloma with rIFN alpha A is beneficial because of the substantial response rate and the improvement in the synthesis of serum immunoglobulins. rIFN alpha A has a potential role in combination with other agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Supramolecular Regulation of Anions Enhances Conductivity and Transference Number of Lithium in Liquid Electrolytes (2018)

Achieving high ionic conductivity in lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolytes requires dissociation of Li-salts; however, though the generation of free Li<sup>+</sup> from salt dissociation is advantageous, the presence of freely diffusing anions may reduce the Li<sup>+</sup> transference number. The use of supramolecular anion recognition to regulate and modify ion-pairing and diffusion of anions in battery electrolytes is yet to be deeply understood. Herein, we demonstrate that addition of a selective and strong PF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup>-binding macrocycle to a solution of LiPF<sub>6</sub> in low dielectric media leads to enhanced ion pair dissociation and an increased Li<sup>+</sup> transference number. This work provides a well-defined model system to study the effects of anion binding in battery electrolytes.
A simple LTCC balun for WLAN applications using left-handed (LH) transmission lines (TL) (2005)

This paper reports on the design of a novel LC balun based on a replacement circuit of right-handed (RH) and left-handed transmission lines in combination. This approach gives a very simple balun structure with excellent broadband performance. The balun is designed for WLAN applications in the 5 GHz ISM band. Concept of the balun, simulation, realisation and measurement results are presented.
Deletion of genes involved in the ketogluconate metabolism, Entner-Doudoroff pathway, and glucose dehydrogenase increase local and invasive virulence phenotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae (2019)

Streptococcus pneumoniae displays increased resistance to antibiotic therapy following biofilm formation. A genome-wide search revealed that SP 0320 and SP 0675 (respectively annotated as 5-keto-D-gluconate-5-reductase and glucose dehydrogenase) contain the highest degree of homology to CsgA of Myxococcus xanthus, a signaling factor that promotes cell aggregation and biofilm formation. Single and double SP 0320 and SP 0675 knockout mutants were created in strain BS72; however, no differences were observed in the biofilm-forming phenotypes of mutants compared to the wild type strain. Using the chinchilla model of otitis media and invasive disease, all three mutants exhibited greatly increased virulence compared to the wild type strain (increased pus formation, tympanic membrane rupture, mortality rates). The SP 0320 gene is located in an operon with SP 0317, SP 0318 and SP 0319, which we bioinformatically annotated as being part of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Deletion of SP 0317 also resulted in increased mortality in chinchillas; however, mutations in SP 0318 and SP 0319 did not alter the virulence of bacteria compared to the wild type strain. Complementing the SP 0317, SP 0320 and SP 0675 mutant strains reversed the virulence phenotype. We prepared recombinant SP 0317, SP 0318, SP 0320 and SP 0675 proteins and confirmed their functions. These data reveal that disruption of genes involved in the degradation of ketogluconate, the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, and glucose dehydrogenase significantly increase the virulence of bacteria in vivo; two hypothetical models involving virulence triggered by reduced in carbon-flux through the glycolytic pathways are presented.
Small intestine morphology and recovery after drug-induced colitis in proglucagon-derived peptides knockout mice (2016)

Objective. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors inactivate glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2, and other hormones by degradation. Administration of a DPP-4 inhibitor or GLP-2 analog stimulates intestinal growth and facilitates the restoration of mucosal damage caused by drug-induced colitis in mice. We studied the effect of GLP-2 deletion on morphological changes on gut and colitis recovery in mice deficient in proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs). Material and methods. Mice deficient in PGDPs were used. Eight-week-old male PGDPs−/− and PGDPs+/+ mice were sacrificed to examine the small intestine and colon morphology. To elucidate the effect of PGDP deletion on colitis, 12-week-old PGDPs−/− and PGDPs+/+ male mice were exposed to 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 6 days. Colitis severity was assessed daily by disease activity index and body weight loss. Histological examinations were performed on days 7 and 21. Results. There were no differences in the height, width, and density of villous and the depth of crypt of small intestine, and the weight, length, and the crypt depth of colon between PGDPs−/− and PGDPs+/+. In DSS colitis, the decline and amelioration of disease activity index and body weight were not different between the PGDP−/− and PGDP+/+ mice. Histologically, the PGDP−/− mice showed significantly less recovery than showed by the PGDPs+/+ mice on day 21 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Mice with PGDP deletion did not show morphological changes of gut. On colitis, PGDP deletion only caused less histological amelioration of colitis in the later phase of recovery.
Attitude Control of a Spacecraft Flexible Appendage using Parallel Feedforward Control (2020)

In this paper, static and dynamic strictly positive real (SPR) parallel feedforward control methods are applied to a spacecraft with a large payload attached to the end of a flexible appendage. A dynamic model of this spacecraft is considered with a torque applied directly to the hub of the spacecraft, where the control objective is to track a desired angular velocity of the payload. This setup leads to a noncolocated relationship between the spacecraft hub torque input and the payload angular velocity output. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the parallel feedforward controller successfully renders the system SPR, which simplifies the choice of a stabilizing feedback controller. It is shown that parallel feedforward control significantly increases the effective gain of the feedback controller within a specified frequency bandwidth. These results are expanded to an experimental rotary flexible joint manipulator, which is used as a physical analog to the flexible-appendage spacecraft. The experimental results confirm the findings from the numerical results, demonstrating the practical nature of the proposed control method. Both numerical and experimental results include a comparison to the state-of-the-art mu-tip control method that relies on a massive payload assumption, where it is shown that parallel feedforward control is implementable in situations where mu-tip control is not.
Thymidylate synthase quantitation and in vitro chemosensitivity testing predicts responses and survival of patients with isolated nonresectable liver tumors receiving hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (2000)

BACKGROUND.Patients with isolated, nonresectable liver tumors may receive regional hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy with response rates of about 50%.The objective of this study was to investigate the value of thymidylate synthase (TS) determination in combination with in vitro chemosensitivity testing to predict the responses and survival of patients receiving HAI. METHODS.TS mRNA expression was quantitated using a reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction technique with ␤-actin as the internal standard.In vitro chemosensitivity testing was performed with tumor cell suspensions using the human tumor colony-forming assay (HTCA).RESULTS.An analysis of the test combination in 24 consecutive patients revealed that 77% (10 of 13) of the sensitive and 9% (1 of 11) of the resistant patients had complete or partial clinical responses.Sensitive patients were 8.5-fold more likely to respond (P ϭ 0.0036) and displayed with 32 months (range, 5-75 months) a longer median survival than resistant patients with 17 months (range, 3-28 months, P ϭ 0.003).Analysis of the Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that sensitive patients had a higher overall survival probability, as determined by the log rank test (P ϭ 0.044). CONCLUSIONS.These results suggest that the clinical outcomes of patients receiving HAI therapy may be predictable with TS quantitation and HTCA.It is possible, therefore, that this combination may be used in the future to select patients with liver tumors who will benefit from HAI before the start of regional chemotherapy.
Dominant Contribution of P450 3A4 to the Hepatic Carcinogenic Activation of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (2006)

The hepatic carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is metabolized in the liver by at least four different P450s, all of which exhibit large interindividual differences in the expression levels. These differences could affect the individual risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the metabolism of AFB1 in a panel of 13 human liver microsomal preparations using a hepatic abundance model, which takes into account the specific kinetic parameters and the expression levels of these P450s. We found a 12-fold variability in the production rate of the carcinogenic metabolite AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) and a 22-fold variability in the production of the detoxification product AFQ1. The ratio between the AFBO and the AFQ1 production rates varied between 1:19 and 1:1.7. P450 3A4 contributed a majority of AFBO and AFQ1, and its expression level was the most important determinant of the AFB1 disposition toward these primary metabolites. P450 3A5, which exclusively produced AFBO, was the second-most important enzyme activating AFB1 to AFBO, followed by P450 3A7 and P450 1A2. The relative contribution of AFBO by P450 3A5 strongly depended on the concomitant expression of P450 3A4, and it was as high as 15% in a P450 3A5 high expressor with the lowest P450 3A4 expression of all livers. The P450 1A2-specific AFB1 detoxification product AFM1 was not detected. In conclusion, the variable expression of P450s has a major effect on the carcinogenic activation of AFB1, which may affect the individual predisposition to HCC. P450 3A4 expression is the most important determinant of AFB1 activation to AFBO. The contribution of P450 1A2 to AFB1 metabolism appears to be negligible and may have been overestimated. Targeted chemoprevention of AFB1-associated HCC should consider P450 3A4 inhibitors and avoidance of P450 3A4 inducers.
Mapping of dopant concentrations in photorefractive InP: Fe wafers (1993)

A photorefractive imaging technique, the principle of which is earlier described by Bylsma et al. [1], is reconsidered. This technique allows an automatic contactless characterization of semi-conductor substrates. Here, we are specifically dealing with measurements of Fe concentrations in InP wafers. The Fe2+ and Fe3+ densities are deduced from the graph of the grating decay time constant as a function of the read-out beam intensity by considering a single defect model and two types of carriers. This model seems to be more adequate to describe the experiments performed at large wavelengths such as $\lambda = 1.32~\mu$m. We finally propose a modified photorefractive imaging geometry which uses successively two gratings written at two different wavelengths. Although not yet implemented, this geometry is based on the association of two types of measurements that concern the decay time constants and the diffraction efficiencies resulting from the photoexcitations at $\lambda = 1.32~\mu$m.
Lithography and design in partnership: a new roadmap (2008)

We discuss the notion of a 'shared technology roadmap' between lithography and design from several perspectives. First, we examine cultural gaps and other intrinsic barriers to a shared roadmap. Second, we discuss how lithography technology can change the design technology roadmap. Third, we discuss how design technology can change the lithography technology roadmap. We conclude with an example of the 'flavor' of technology roadmapping activity that can truly bridge lithography and design.