gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An in situ probe for on‐line monitoring of cell density and viability on the basis of dark field microscopy in conjunction with image processing and supervised machine learning (2007)

Fermentation industries would benefit from on-line monitoring of important parameters describing cell growth such as cell density and viability during fermentation processes. For this purpose, an in situ probe has been developed, which utilizes a dark field illumination unit to obtain high contrast images with an integrated CCD camera. To test the probe, brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is chosen as the target microorganism. Images of the yeast cells in the bioreactors are captured, processed, and analyzed automatically by means of mechatronics, image processing, and machine learning. Two support vector machine based classifiers are used for separating cells from background, and for distinguishing live from dead cells afterwards. The evaluation of the in situ experiments showed strong correlation between results obtained by the probe and those by widely accepted standard methods. Thus, the in situ probe has been proved to be a feasible device for on-line monitoring of both cell density and viability with high accuracy and stability.
Thermally driven advection for radioxenon transport from an underground nuclear explosion (2016)

Abstract Barometric pumping is a ubiquitous process resulting in migration of gases in the subsurface that has been studied as the primary mechanism for noble gas transport from an underground nuclear explosion (UNE). However, at early times following a UNE, advection driven by explosion residual heat is relevant to noble gas transport. A rigorous measure is needed for demonstrating how, when, and where advection is important. In this paper three physical processes of uncertain magnitude (oscillatory advection, matrix diffusion, and thermally driven advection) are parameterized by using boundary conditions, system properties, and source term strength. Sobol' sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the importance of all physical processes influencing the xenon signals. This study indicates that thermally driven advection plays a more important role in producing xenon signals than oscillatory advection and matrix diffusion at early times following a UNE, and xenon isotopic ratios are observed to have both time and spatial dependence.
Wavefield separation using densely deployed three-component single-sensor groups in land surface-seismic recordings (2002)

Abstract Surface seismic data are usually acquired by placing receivers on the earth's free surface. This is exactly the surface at which all up-coming wave energy is reflecting and converting into down-going energy, so the wavefield recorded is the sum of up-coming, down-going reflected, and down-going converted waves. In order to anaylze up-coming (from the reservoir) energy only (e.g., for “true” amplitude analysis), it is necessary to separate and remove all down-going waves from the recorded data. We present a new approach for wavefield separation of land surface-seismic data based on receiver groups with densely deployed single-sensor recordings. By converting vertical spatial derivatives to horizontal derivatives using the free-surface condition, the methodology only requires locally dense measurements of the wavefield at the free surface to calculate all spatial derivatives of the wavefield. These can in turn be used to compute divergence (giving P-wave potential) and curl (giving S-wave potential) of the wavefield at the free surface. The effects of the free surface are removed through an up/down separation step using the elastodynamic representation theorem. This results in infinite spatial-filter expressions that are appropriate for homogeneous media. The filter for P-waves depends on both P- and S-velocity at the receivers, whereas the S-wave filters only depend on the S-velocity. Spatially compact filters are chosen to approximate the analytical filter expressions. The filters are designed so that they can be applied within a densely deployed, spatially limited group of three-component (3C) receivers. By assuming that the earth is locally homogeneous (no significant variations within the near-surface region of the group), wavefield separation can be carried out also in areas with significant statics variations over the survey area. In particular, the simplest approximate expression for P-waves consists of two terms. The first term corresponds to divergence in the presence of the free surface scaled by a material constant. The second term is a time derivative of the recorded vertical component scaled by a material constant. Hence, the first term is a correction that is added to the “traditional” P-interpretation—the second term—which improves accuracy for incidence angles other than normal incidence. The proposed methodology is tested on synthetic data. By comparing “traditional” P-sections to those obtained using the new methodology, we demonstrate that a significant improvement in amplitudes and phases of arrivals is obtained using the new methodology. By using the simplest possible filter which only involves first-order derivatives in time and space, we obtained sufficiently accurate results up to incidence angles of around 30° away from normal incidence.
Dimensions of sociolinguistic landscapes in Europe : materials and methodological solutions (2015)

Contents: Mikko Laitinen/Anastassia Zabrodskaja: Dimensions and dynamics of sociolinguistic landscapes in Europe - Hagen Peukert: Urban linguistic landscaping: Scanning metropolitan spaces - Amei Koll-Stobbe: Ideofiers in the commercial city: A discursive linguistic landscape analysis of hairdressers' shop names - Karine Stjernholm: Two faces of Oslo: A comparative study of the sense of place - Mikko Laitinen: English on the move: What's beyond modernity and internationalism? - Mia Halonen: Social media landscapes: Tracing the uses and functions of a hybrid sign - Christoph Marx/Marek Nekula: Constructing a cross-border space through semiotic landscapes: A case study of a German-Czech organization - Petteri Laihonen: Linguistic landscapes of a minoritized regional majority: Language ideologies among Hungarians in South-West Slovakia - Sebastian Muth: Ruralscapes in post-Soviet Transnistria: Ideology and language use on the fringes of a contested space - Olga Bever: Linguistic landscapes as multimodal and multilingual phenomena - Monica Perotto: The presence of the Italian language in the linguistic landscapes of Moscow.
650 V Highly Reliable GaN HEMTs on Si Substrates over Multiple Generations: Matching Silicon CMOS Manufacturing Metrics and Process Control (2016)

Manufacturing readiness of the world's first highly reliable 650V GaN HEMT is demonstrated with high process capability (CpK>1.6) for leakage and on resistance. This technology was developed in a Si-CMOS compatible 6-inch foundry and has been demonstrated with over one thousand wafers worth of data spread over two generations of technology nodes covering multiple products and packages collected during ramp up post qualification. Silicon manufacturing processes are employed including gold-free processes that avoid the use of evaporation/liftoff typical to compound semiconductors. Probe yield and Line yield for the GaN process now matches mature Si-CMOS process running in the same fabrication facility. Extended qualification results beyond JEDEC standard are also shown for GaN products for the first time. Products in cascode configuration were tested. Wide bandgap high speed and high voltage GaN devices significantly reduce the system size and improve energy efficiency of power conversion in all areas of electricity conversion, ranging from PV inverters to electric vehicles making the above results significant and making GaN high volume production a reality.
COVID-19 infection map generation and detection from chest X-ray images (2021)

Computer-aided diagnosis has become a necessity for accurate and immediate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detection to aid treatment and prevent the spread of the virus. Numerous studies have proposed to use Deep Learning techniques for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, they have used very limited chest X-ray (CXR) image repositories for evaluation with a small number, a few hundreds, of COVID-19 samples. Moreover, these methods can neither localize nor grade the severity of COVID-19 infection. For this purpose, recent studies proposed to explore the activation maps of deep networks. However, they remain inaccurate for localizing the actual infestation making them unreliable for clinical use. This study proposes a novel method for the joint localization, severity grading, and detection of COVID-19 from CXR images by generating the so-called <i>infection maps</i>. To accomplish this, we have compiled the largest dataset with 119,316 CXR images including 2951 COVID-19 samples, where the annotation of the ground-truth segmentation masks is performed on CXRs by a novel collaborative human-machine approach. Furthermore, we publicly release the first CXR dataset with the ground-truth segmentation masks of the COVID-19 infected regions. A detailed set of experiments show that state-of-the-art segmentation networks can learn to localize COVID-19 infection with an F1-score of 83.20%, which is significantly superior to the activation maps created by the previous methods. Finally, the proposed approach achieved a COVID-19 detection performance with 94.96% sensitivity and 99.88% specificity.
An experimental large-capacity semiconductor file memory using 16-levels/cell storage (1988)

A 4-bit semiconductor file memory using 16-levels (4-bits)/cell storage is described. The device has 1-Mb single-transistor dynamic memory cells which are divided into 4-kb sequential-access blocks. It incorporates a staircase-pulse generator for multilevel storage operations, a voltage regulator to protect against power-supply voltage surge, and a soft-error-correction circuit based on a cyclic hexadecimal code. The device is fabricated using 1.3- mu m CMOS technology. It operates with a 5-V single power supply. Random block selection time is 147 mu s, while the sequential data rate is 210 ns. A single-incident alpha particle destroys 4-bit data in two or more adjacent cells. The error correction circuit completely corrects these errors. The soft-error rate under actual operating conditions with error correction is expected to be under 100 FIT (10/sup -7/ h/sup -1/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inhibition of Peritoneal Tumor-Cell Implantation: Model for Laparoscopic Cancer Surgery (1993)

A serious concern in applying laparoscopic surgery to malignancies is the possibility of tumor spillage and seeding. We developed a model of peritoneal tumor implantation using a murine bladder tumor cell line, MBT-2. Anesthetized C3H male mice underwent mock laparoscopy with or without peritoneal disruption and instillation of tumor cells via a 16-gauge angiocatheter, and the effect of heparin and the pentapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) on tumor cell adherence and growth was evaluated. Animals were divided into six groups: Group 1 = tumor cells only; Group 2 = peritoneal disruption + tumor cells; Group 3 = heparin + tumor cells; Group 4 = peritoneal disruption + heparin + tumor cells; Group 5 = GRGDS + tumor cells; and Group 6 = peritoneal disruption + GRGDS + tumor cells. In all animals, a greater tumor burden was noted at the sites of peritoneal disruption. Moreover, 50% and 63% of animals in Groups 1 and 2 developed tumors compared with 17% and 31% of those in Groups 3 and 4, respectively. There was significantly more tumor at the sites of peritoneal disruption in the "tumor only" groups than in those that received heparin (mean tumor volume 32.32 mm3 in Group 2 v 2.77 mm3 in Group 4; p < 0.05). The GRGDS-treated groups showed a trend toward decreased number and size of tumors compared with the tumor only groups, although the differences were not statistically significant. These findings imply that prophylactic irrigation with substances that decrease cell adherence may prevent tumor implantation after accidental intraoperative tumor spillage.
Optimizing microwave photonic signal processors based on microcombs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Microwave photonic (MWP) transversal signal processors offer a compelling solution for realizing versatile high-speed information processing by combining the advantages of reconfigurable electrical digital signal processing and high-bandwidth photonic processing. With the capability of generating a number of discrete wavelengths from micro-scale resonators, optical microcombs are powerful multi-wavelength sources for implementing MWP transversal signal processors with significantly reduced size, power consumption, and complexity. By using microcomb-based MWP transversal signal processors, a diverse range of signal processing functions have been demonstrated recently. In this paper we provide a detailed analysis for the errors induced by experimental imperfections processors. First, we investigate the errors arising from different sources including imperfections in the microcombs, the chirp of electro-optic modulators, chromatic dispersion of the dispersive module, shaping errors of the optical spectral shapers, and noise of the photodetector. Next, we provide a global picture quantifying the impact of error sources on the overall system performance. Finally, we introduce feedback control to compensate the errors caused by experimental imperfections, achieving significantly improved accuracy. These results provide a guide for optimizing the accuracy of microcomb-based MWP transversal signal processors.&lt;/p&gt;
An Artificial Lithium Protective Layer that Enables the Use of Acetonitrile‐Based Electrolytes in Lithium Metal Batteries (2018)

Abstract The resurgence of the lithium metal battery requires innovations in technology, including the use of non‐conventional liquid electrolytes. The inherent electrochemical potential of lithium metal (−3.04 V vs. SHE) inevitably limits its use in many solvents, such as acetonitrile, which could provide electrolytes with increased conductivity. The aim of this work is to produce an artificial passivation layer at the lithium metal/electrolyte interface that is electrochemically stable in acetonitrile‐based electrolytes. To produce such a stable interface, the lithium metal was immersed in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) to generate a passivation layer via the spontaneous decomposition of the solvent. With this passivation layer, the chemical stability of lithium metal is shown for the first time in 1 m LiPF 6 in acetonitrile.
Tunable magnetocaloric effect in transition metal alloys (2015)

The unpredictability of geopolitical tensions and resulting supply chain and pricing instabilities make it imperative to explore rare earth free magnetic materials. As such, we have investigated fully transition metal based "high entropy alloys" in the context of the magnetocaloric effect. We find the NiFeCoCrPdx family exhibits a second order magnetic phase transition whose critical temperature is tunable from 100 K to well above room temperature. The system notably displays changes in the functionality of the magnetic entropy change depending on x, which leads to nearly 40% enhancement of the refrigerant capacity. A detailed statistical analysis of the universal scaling behavior provides direct evidence that heat treatment and Pd additions reduce the distribution of exchange energies in the system, leading to a more magnetically homogeneous alloy. The general implications of this work are that the parent NiFeCoCr compound can be tuned dramatically with FCC metal additives. Together with their relatively lower cost, their superior mechanical properties that aid manufacturability and their relative chemical inertness that aids product longevity, NiFeCoCr-based materials could ultimately lead to commercially viable magnetic refrigerants.
JV Task 92 - Alcoa/Retec SFE and SPME (2009)

This report summarizes the work performed by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) under the U.S. Department of Energy Jointly Sponsored Research Program JV Task 92, which is a continuation of JV9. Successful studies performed in 1999 through the end of 2008 demonstrated the potential for using selective supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method for measuring sediment pore water polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to mimic the bioavailability of PAHs from manufactured gas plant and aluminum smelter soils and sediments both in freshwater and saltwater locations. The studies that the EERC has performed with the commercial partners have continued to generate increased interest in both the regulatory communities and in the industries that have historically produced or utilized coal tar products. Both ASTM International and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have accepted the pore water method developed at the EERC as standard methods. The studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of our techniques in predicting bioavailability of PAHs from ca. 250 impacted and background field sediments and soils. The field demonstrations from the final years of the project continued to build the foundation data for acceptance of our methods by the regulatory communities. The JV92 studies provide the single largest database in the world that includes measures of PAH bioavailability along with biological end points. These studies clearly demonstrated that present regulatory paradigms based on equilibrium partitioning greatly overpredict bioavailability. These investigations also laid the foundation for present (non-JV) studies being applied to PAHs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at EPA Superfund sites, investigations into PAH and PCB bioavailability at U.S Department of Defense sites, and the application of the techniques to investigating the bioavailability of chlorinated dioxins and furans from impacted sediments.
Systemic Targeted Alpha Radiotherapy for Cancer - A Review (2014)

The fundamental principles of internal targeted alpha therapy for cancer were established many decades ago. The high linear energy transfer (LET) of alpha radiation to the targeted cancer cells causes double strand breaks in DNA. At the same time, the short range of alpha- radiation spares adjacent normal tissues. This targeted approach complements conventional external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Such therapies fail on several fronts, such as lack of control of some primary cancers (eg glioblastoma multiforme) and inhibition of the development of lethal metastatic cancer after successful treatment of the primary cancer. This review charts the developing role of systemic high LET in internal radiation therapy. Targeted alpha therapy is a rapidly advancing experimental therapy that holds promise to deliver high cytotoxicity to targeted cancer cells. Initially thought to be indicated for leukaemia and micrometastases, there is now evidence that solid tumours can also be regressed. Alpha therapy may be molecular or physiological in its targeting. Alpha emitting radioisotopes such as Bi-212, Bi-213, At-211 and Ac-225 are used to label monoclonal antibodies or proteins that target specific cancer cells. Alternatively, radium-233 is used for palliative therapy of breast and prostate cancers because of its bone seeking properties. In this review, preclinical studies and clinical trials of alpha therapy are discussed for leukaemia, lymphoma, melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, bone metastases, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer and other cancers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v6i1.19755 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.6 No.1 2013 21-38
Electrochemical Oxidation of Polyamines at Diamond Thin-Film Electrodes (1999)

The oxidation of five polyamines (ethylenediamine, putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, and spermidine) was investigated at polycrystalline, boron-doped, diamond thin-film electrodes using cyclic voltammetry and flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection. Cyclic voltammetry of the polyamines was conducted in pH 10 carbonate buffer. Well-resolved oxidation waves with respect to the background signal were observed, and the current−potential curves exhibited a scan rate dependence characteristic of slow desorption kinetics of the polyamine oxidation product. E1/2's of ∼+0.88 V vs Ag/AgCl were measured for all five polyamines. A mechanism is proposed whereby the polyamine oxidation occurs by oxygen transfer from reactive OH radicals. These radicals are produced during the initial stage of oxygen evolution at the nondiamond carbon impurity sites. These sites are believed to be located primarily at the grain boundaries, isolated from one another by the diamond microcrystallites, although the impurities could also exist as extended defects within the lattice. Stabilization of the polyamine prior to oxidation is achieved through adsorption/complexation of the amine functionality with surface boron dopant atoms, also clustered at the grain boundaries. In general, the FIA results demonstrated that the diamond can be used to effectively detect all five polyamines with a concentration limit of quantitation of ∼1 μM (S/N ≥ 3) and a linear dynamic range from 10-3 to 10-6 M (r2 > 0.97). These detector figures of merit were achieved at constant potential without prior derivatization. Lower quality rather than higher quality diamond films are needed for this assay, and the requisite film properties can be introduced by judicious choice of the deposition conditions.
P4‐153: Elevated PiB precedes dementia in autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease: PiB, FDG and atrophy in the DIAN cohort (2012)

DIAN (Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network) is an international longitudinal study of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's Disease (ADAD). In addition to clinical, cognitive and psychometric testing, participants undergo serial multi-modal imaging. 120 participants representing a mix of non-carrier and carriers in both the presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of AD underwent PIB, FDG PET and MRI. Cohorts were determined based on genetic status, dementia severity (Clinical Dementia Rating, CDR), and estimated time to dementia onset (TDO, based on parental age of onset). All imaging exams were transformed and processed in a common atlas space using a combination of in-house software and FreeSurfer. Regions of interest were applied to volumetric T1-weighted MRI, FDG and PIB data. For each modality and cohort, a linear regression analysis was used to determine the effects of TDO on a vertex-by-vertex basis. Differences in PIB binding between carriers (M+) and non-carriers (M-) start to diverge up to 20 years prior to symptom onset (conversion to CDR 0.5). PIB retention in non-demented carriers were significantly different from the non-carrier cohort in the caudate, putamen and thalamus and in every cortical grey matter region (Figure 1). The first areas of significant amyloid deposition include the caudate, the occipital lobe, and the frontal lobe. Significant findings for grey matter volumes, cortical thickness, and FDG were limited to those carriers with dementia (CDR >=0.5) and did not reach significance in the pre-symptomatic population.
Gastric Sarcoid Without Other Sarcoid Lesions (2002)

Sato, Yuki M.D.; Enjoji, Munechika M.D.; Ito, Ken-ichi M.D.; Sadamoto, Yojiro M.D.; Harada, Naohiko M.D.; Nakamuta, Makoto M.D.; Nawata, Hajime M.D.; Nakamura, Norimoto M.D.; Takata, Miyuki M.D.; Yao, Takashi M.D. Author Information