gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Does Polymorphism Affect the Interfacial Charge-Transfer States in Organic Photovoltaics? (2019)

The bulk heterojunction in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is a mixture of polymer (electron donor) and an electron acceptor material (typically functionalized fullerenes), and it is crucial for the device operation, as this is where excitons are split into electrons and holes to produce current. Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are promising new materials for improving the device efficiency, and their solid-state arrangement with respect to the electron donor polymer is critical for the charge mobility and the performance of OPV devices. Although there have been numerous studies on NFAs, most of the current understanding comes from empirical considerations, with little atomistic-level interpretation of why and how the packing influences the charge-transport properties of these materials. In this work, we describe large-scale (with up to 3462 atoms) density functional theory simulations for ground and excited states on a number of polymer–NFA interfaces of realistic size, whose NFA domains consist of polymorphs of the same materials. Hence, we bridged the gap between experimental evidence and the intuitive expectation on the importance of intermolecular π–π stacking interactions in the NFA phase. We show that low connectivity leads to highly localized excitons, whereas in phases with a higher connectivity, excitons are able to delocalize over multiple directions. Remarkably, excitons with a three-dimensional delocalization were also observed, leading to isotropic mobilities, similar to fullerenes. Furthermore, a lower charge-transfer exciton binding energy and lower energy loss between the lowest excitation of the polymer and first charge-transfer state in the interface were both observed in systems characterized by a highly interconnected NFA phase. This suggests a higher probability of exciton splitting for these interfaces, which could potentially lead to higher device efficiencies.
Nanoscale Functionalization and Site-Specific Assembly of Colloids by Particle Lithography (2005)

Numerous studies have demonstrated the bottom-up assembly of complex structures such as colloidal crystals, close-packed aggregates, and even rings and tetramers. In this paper we produce a simple localized and nanoscale charge distribution on the surfaces of individual colloidal microspheres using our technique of "particle lithography". In this technique parts of the microspheres are masked off, while polyelectrolytes (or other molecules) cover the remaining portions of the microspheres. The effectiveness of this process is demonstrated by the accurate and reproducible production of colloidal heterodoublets composed of oppositely charged microspheres. These "colloidal molecules" have the potential for significantly higher information content than previous attempts in the literature. The particle lithography technique is advantageous because it is not limited by the resolution of photolithography or by functionalizing chemistries, and the technique opens the door for complex site-specific functionalization of particles.
A One‐Volt p ‐ InP / n ‐ CdSe Regenerative Photoelectrochemical Cell (1983)

Features and performance of a two-photoelectrode regenerative photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell that yielded a combined photovoltage of more than one volt are reported. The photoanode was n-CdSe, the photocathode was p-InP, and the electrolyte was aqueous sulfide/polysulfide. Details of the fabrication process are provided, including formation of an ohmic contact by sputter deposited gold and then electroplating the photocathode with Zn, followed by a final sputtered gold layer. Tests under 100 mW/sq cm illumination of the unoptimized regenerative cell produced an open circuit voltage of 1.15 V, a short circuit current of 24 mA/sq cm, a fill factor of 0.40, and an overall efficiency of 5.5 percent.
Efficient Computation of Maximal Independent Sets in Unstructured Multi-Hop Radio Networks (2004)

When being deployed, ad-hoc and sensor networks are unstructured and lack an efficient and reliable communication scheme. Hence, the organization of a MAC layer is the primary goal during and immediately after the deployment of such networks. Computing a good initial clustering facilitates this task and is therefore a vital part of the initialization process. A clustering based on a maximal independent set provides several highly desirable properties. Besides yielding a dominating set of good quality, such a clustering avoids interference between clusterheads, thus allowing efficient communication. We propose a novel algorithm that works under a model capturing the characteristics of the initialization phase of unstructured radio networks, i.e. asynchronous wake-up, scarce knowledge about the topology of the network graph, no collision detection, and the hidden terminal problem. We show that even under these hard conditions, the algorithm computes a maximal independent set in polylogarithmic time.
Complement Activation by Apoptotic Cells Occurs Predominantly via IgM and is Limited to Late Apoptotic (Secondary Necrotic) Cells (2004)

Apoptotic cells activate complement via various molecular mechanisms. It is not known which of these mechanisms predominate in a physiological environment. Using Jurkat cells as a model, we investigated complement deposition on vital, early and late apoptotic (secondary necrotic) cells in a physiological medium, human plasma, and established the main molecular mechanism involved in this activation. Upon incubation with recalcified plasma, binding of C3 and C4 to early apoptotic cells was similar to background binding on vital cells. In contrast, late apoptotic (secondary necrotic) cells consistently displayed substantial binding of C4 and C3 and low, but detectable, binding of C1q. Binding of C3 and C4 to the apoptotic cells was abolished by EDTA or Mg-EGTA, and also by C1-inhibitor or a monoclonal antibody that inhibits C1q binding, indicating that complement fixation by the apoptotic cells was mainly dependent on the classical pathway. Late apoptotic cells also consistently bound IgM, in which binding significantly correlated with that of C4 and C3. Depletion of plasma for IgM abolished most of the complement fixation by apoptotic cells, which was restored by supplementation with purified IgM. We conclude that complement binding by apoptotic cells in normal human plasma occurs mainly to late apoptotic, secondary necrotic cells, and that the dominant mechanism involves classical pathway activation by IgM.
Real-Time Validation of Power Flow Control Method for Enhanced Operation of Microgrids (2020)

This paper describes a control methodology for electronic power converters distributed in low-voltage microgrids and its implementation criteria in general microgrid structures. In addition, a real-time simulation setup is devised, implemented, and discussed to validate the control operation in a benchmark network. Considering these key aspects, it is shown that operational constraints regarding the power delivered by sources, flowing through network branches, and exchanged at the point of connection with the main grid can generally be fulfilled by the presented control approach. The control is performed considering a cost function aiming at optimizing various operation indexes, including distribution losses, current stresses on feeders, voltage deviations. The control system allows an enhanced operation of the microgrid, specifically, it allows dynamic and accurate power flow control enabling the provision of ancillary services to the upstream grid, like the demand–response, by exploiting the available infrastructure and the energy resources. Then, the validation of the approach is reported by using a real-time simulation setup with accurate models of the power electronic converters and related local controllers, of the grid infrastructure, of the power flow controller, and of the communication network used for data exchange. It is also shown that the implemented platform allows to fully reproduce, analyze, and finally validate all the relevant steady-state and dynamic behaviors related in the considered scenario.
Power supply filter for PLL circuit in digital systems (2014)

This paper presents an effective design approach for the power supply filter of a phase lock loop (PLL) based clock generator in a multi-core ASIC. The noise sensitivity of different types, filter design, system design issues, and measurement techniques for verification and understanding of jitter behavior on power supply noise are discussed.
Application of boundary detection information in breast tomosynthesis reconstruction (2007)

Digital tomosynthesis mammography (DTM) is one of the most promising techniques that can potentially improve early detection of breast cancers. DTM can provide three-dimensional (3D) structural information by reconstructing the whole imaged volume from a sequence of projection-view (PV) mammograms that are acquired at a small number of projection angles over a limited angular range. Our previous study showed that simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) can produce satisfactory tomosynthesized image quality compared to maximum likelihood-type algorithms. To improve the efficiency of DTM reconstruction and address the problem of boundary artifacts, we have developed methods to incorporate both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D breast boundary information within the SART reconstruction algorithm in this study. A second generation GE prototype tomosynthesis mammography system with a stationary digital detector was used for PV image acquisition from 21 angles in 3° increments over a ±30° angular range. The 2D breast boundary curves on all PV images were obtained by automated segmentation and were used to restrict the SART reconstruction to be performed only within the breast volume. The computation time of SART reconstruction was reduced by 76.3% and 69.9% for cranio-caudal and mediolateral oblique views, respectively, for the chosen example. In addition, a 3D conical trimming method was developed in which the 2D breast boundary curves from all PVs were back projected to generate the 3D breast surface. This 3D surface was then used to eliminate the multiple breast shadows outside the breast volume due to reconstruction by setting these voxels to a constant background value. Our study demonstrates that, by using the 2D and 3D breast boundary information, all breast boundary and most detector boundary artifacts can be effectively removed on all tomosynthesized slices.
Luminescence Efficiency of Zn-Cu-In-S / ZnS Quantum Dot films (2019)

The aim of this work was to prepare three composite ZnCuInS/ZnS (core/shell) quantum dot (QD) flexible films and to examine their luminescent properties under X-ray excitation for potential use in medical imaging modalities. Three PMMA/ QD ZnCuInS composite films, with emission at 530 nm prepared, with concentrations 2.5, 10.0 and 15.0 %w/v. Composite films prepared by homogenously diluting dry powder QD samples in toluene and subsequently mixing with a PMMA/MMA polymer solution. The Absolute Luminescence Efficiency (AE) of the produced films was assessed using medical X-ray excitation. It found that the AE of the films is decreasing in an almost linear way, with increasing X-ray tube voltage. Also, it found that for QDs concentration up to 10.0 %w/v, the AE is increasing rapidly while after that point the relative increase of AE is rather limited. The spectral compatibility of the ZnCuInS/ZnS screen, with various existing optical detectors, was investigated after emission spectra measurements. Highest compatibility (over 90%) found for most CMOS and CCD detectors used in modern imaging modalities.
Traffic pattern detection in a partially deployed vehicular Ad Hoc network of vehicles (2009)

Knowledge about traffic conditions on the road play an important role in route planning and avoiding traffic jams. With recent developments in technology, it is possible for vehicles to be equipped with communication and GPS systems. Equipped vehicles on the road can act as nodes to form a vehicular ad hoc network. These nodes can collect information regarding traffic conditions such as position, speed, and direction from other participating nodes. Depending on the number of participating nodes in the ad hoc network, this collected information can provide useful information on driving conditions to the node collecting this information. With proper analysis this information can be used in detecting and/or predicting traffic jam conditions on freeways. In this article the traffic information gathered by a node in an ad hoc network is viewed as a snapshot in time of the current traffic conditions on the road segment. This snapshot is considered as a pattern in time of the current traffic conditions. The pattern is analyzed using pattern recognition techniques. A weight-of-evidence-based classification algorithm is presented to identify different road traffic conditions. The algorithm is tested using data generated by microscopic modeling of traffic flow for simulation of vehicle or node mobility in ad hoc networks. Test results are presented depicting different percentage levels of vehicles equipped with communication capability.
Embedded Object Architecture (2005)

Traditionally, the embedded system design process demands a considerable amount of expertise, time and money. This makes developing embedded systems impossible for many companies, and in research facilities it hinders the testing of new research results with real embedded systems. We previously presented an easy and fast embedded system development concept based on embedded objects. The embedded object concept (EOC) utilizes common object oriented methods used in software by applying them to combined Lego-like software-hardware entities. This concept enables people without comprehensive knowledge in electronics design to create new embedded systems. In this paper we present a physical and logical architecture for this concept.
MPAP/CO-slope during exercise as predictor of mortality in patients at risk for pulmonary hypertension (2020)

Background &amp; aims: The suggested definition of exercise pulmonary hypertension is mean pulmonary arterial pressure&gt;30mmHg and total pulmonary resistance&gt;3WU at peak exercise. The aim of this study was to derive prognostic thresholds from pulmonary exercise hemodynamics in patients at risk for PH. <b>Methods:</b> From 2005 to 2017 patients with unexplained dyspnea and/or suspected pulmonary vascular disease were enrolled. Exercise RHC was performed in case of a resting mPAP&lt;25mmHg. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, were used to identify significant predictors of overall survival. Best cut-off score was defined as the cut-off score with the smallest p-value. <b>Results:</b> 211 patients were enrolled (68% female, age: 62±13yr, mPAP: 18±4mmHg). Median observational time was 4.2yrs with N=43 (20%) mortality events. MPAP/CO-slope turned out as an independent predictor of mortality, starting with a first significant prognostic cut-off at 5.98mmHg/L/min. Best cut-off was found at 7.47mmHg/L/min (HR: 2.95, 95%CI: 1.36-6.42; p=0.006). Patients with a high mPAP/CO-slope were older (73 [IQR 68-77] vs. 59 [IQR 50-69], p&lt;0.001), had more cardiopulmonary comorbidities (92% vs. 65%, p&lt;0.001), higher resting mPAP (21mmHg [IQR18-23] vs. 17mmHg [IQR 14-21]), PAWP (9mmHg [IQR 8-11] vs. 8mmHg [IQR 5-10]), PVR (2.7±0.9WU vs. 2.0±0.8WU) and NTproBNP (458pg/ml [IQR 223-1366] vs. 144pg/ml [IQR 66-344]), p&lt;0.001. <b>Conclusion:</b> In patients at risk for PH, mPAP/CO-slope is an age- and sex-independent predictor of mortality. Subjects with high mPAP/CO-slope were significantly older, had more cardiopulmonary comorbidities, worse resting hemodynamics and higher NTproBNP.
VIRTUAL INTERFACE WITH GUARDED TELEOPERATION CONTROL OF MULTIPLE HETEROGENEOUS ROBOTS (2010)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The objective is to develop a human-multiple robot system that is optimized for teams of heterogeneous robots control. A new human-robot system permits to ease the execution of remote tasks. An operator can efficiently control the physical multi-robots using the high level command, Drag-to-Move method, on the virtual interface. The innovative virtual interface has been integrated with Augmented Reality that is able to track the location and sensory information from the video feed of ground and aerial robots in the virtual and real environment. The advanced feature of the virtual interface is guarded teleoperation that can be used to prevent operators from accidently driving multiple robots into walls and other objects.&lt;/p&gt;
Design and First Characterization of Active and Slim-Edge Planar Detectors for FEL Applications (2017)

This paper reports on the development of a dedicated technology for the fabrication of pixelated edgeless sensors to be used in X-ray imaging applications at free electron laser (FEL) facilities. The process was developed with the goal of producing planar sensors suitable for the tight FEL application requirements in terms of collection speed, spatial resolution, and radiation tolerance. At the same time, care has been taken to reduce the dead area at the borders of the sensors, thus minimizing the loss of information and distortion introduced when tiling several dies in a large area imager. Different active-edge and slim-edge terminations, designed with the aid of TCAD simulations, are discussed. Based on numerical simulations, a wafer layout was designed and devices with different configurations were fabricated. The experimental results from the electrical characterization of the produced p-on-n sensors and test structures are presented and discussed.
Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes vittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Senegal and Cape Verde Archipelago for West African Lineages of Chikungunya Virus (2014)

To assess the risk of emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in West Africa, vector competence of wild-type, urban, and non-urban Aedes aegypti and Ae. vittatus from Senegal and Cape Verde for CHIKV was investigated. Mosquitoes were fed orally with CHIKV isolates from mosquitoes (ArD30237), bats (CS13-288), and humans (HD180738). After 5, 10, and 15 days of incubation following an infectious blood meal, presence of CHIKV RNA was determined in bodies, legs/wings, and saliva using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Aedes vittatus showed high susceptibility (50-100%) and early dissemination and transmission of all CHIKV strains tested. Aedes aegypti exhibited infection rates ranging from 0% to 50%. Aedes aegypti from Cape Verde and Kedougou, but not those from Dakar, showed the potential to transmit CHIKV in saliva. Analysis of biology and competence showed relatively high infective survival rates for Ae. vittatus and Ae. aegypti from Cape Verde, suggesting their efficient vector capacity in West Africa.
A Mixed Graph Framework to evaluate the complementarity of communication Tools (2017)

Due to the constant innovations in communications tools, several organizations are constantly evaluating the adoption of new communication tools (NCT) with respect to current ones. Especially, many organizations are interested in checking if NCT is really bringing benefits in their production process. We can state an important problem that tackles this interest as for how to identify when NCT is providing a significantly different complementary communication flow with respect to the current communication tools (CCT). This paper presents the Mixed Graph Framework (MGF) to address the problem of measuring the complementarity of a NCT in the scenario where some CCT is already established. We evaluated MGF using synthetic data that represents an enterprise social network (ESN) in the context of well-established e-mail communication tool. Our experiments observed that the MGF was able to identify whether a NCT produces significant changes in the overall communications according to some centrality measures.
Electromechanical Measurements Of Gd-Doped Ceria Thin Films By Laser Interferometry (2016)

Highly sensitive laser interferometer was built to measure electromechanical coupling in Gd-doped ceria Ce&lt;sub&gt;0.9&lt;/sub&gt;Gd&lt;sub&gt;0.1&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2-x&lt;/sub&gt; thin films in the frequency range up to 20 kHz. Spurious resonances due to substrate bending were avoided by the special mounting of the film in the center of substrate. Compact design allowed to reach high vertical resolution of about 0.2 pm. Electrostriction coefficient measured in 1 µm thick Ce&lt;sub&gt;0.9&lt;/sub&gt;Gd&lt;sub&gt;0.1&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2-x&lt;/sub&gt; film was 4.3×10&lt;sup&gt;-21 &lt;/sup&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/V&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and slightly decreased with frequency till the extensional resonance of the substrate at about 20 kHz occurred. As expected, the displacement varied as a square of applied voltage without any sign of saturation.
Encapsulating MPLS in UDP (2015)

This document specifies an IP-based encapsulation for MPLS, called MPLS-in-UDP for situations where UDP (User Datagram Protocol) encapsulation is preferred to direct use of MPLS, e.g., to enable UDP-based ECMP (Equal-Cost Multipath) or link aggregation.The MPLSin-UDP encapsulation technology must only be deployed within a single network (with a single network operator) or networks of an adjacent set of cooperating network operators where traffic is managed to avoid congestion, rather than over the Internet where congestion control is required.Usage restrictions apply to MPLS-in-UDP usage for traffic that is not congestion controlled and to UDP zero checksum usage with IPv6.
In Situ Compositional Analysis of Acidocalcisomes in Trypanosoma cruzi (1997)

We measured the elemental content of different compartments in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes using quick freezing, ultracryomicrotomy, and electron probe microanalysis. Vacuoles identified by high electron density contained (in units of mmol/kg dry weight +/- S.E.) large amounts of phosphorus (1390 +/- 13), magnesium (646 +/- 19), calcium (171 +/- 5), sodium (161 +/- 18), and zinc (148 +/- 6). No other compartment had appreciable calcium or zinc content. Iron (128 +/- 16 mmol/kg) was detected only in vacuoles distinct from the electron-dense vacuoles and other organelles. Incubation of cells for 70 min in culture medium in the presence of ionomycin plus nigericin led to a very significant 3- or 2-fold increase in potassium in the electron-dense vacuoles and the iron-rich vacuoles, respectively, with no significant change in the other elements investigated. This indicated the acidic nature of the vacuoles and demonstrated that the electron-dense vacuoles correspond to what were described previously as acidocalcisomes, i.e. acidic compartments rich in Ca2+. The acidocalcisomes were investigated by separation of epimastigote fractions on Percoll gradients in combination with Triton WR-1339 treatment. This detergent caused a rapid vacuolation; these vacuoles were shown by electron microscopy to be largely transparent, with a diffuse matrix. Percoll gradient fractionation demonstrated decreases in the density of various organelle markers in detergent-treated cells compared with controls. Large decreases in the density of the acidocalcisome and the mitochondrion were seen, as well as smaller decreases in the density of the other markers. Conventional electron microscopy of epimastigotes loaded with gold-labeled transferrin indicated that the endosomal system was separate from vacuoles that probably corresponded to the calcium-containing organelles detected by electron probe microanalysis. The combined results provide evidence that acidocalcisomes are organelles different from lysosomes or other organelles previously described in these parasites.
HERSCHEL/HIFI IDENTIFICATION OF HCl$^+$ IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM (2012)

A part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2012 California Institute of Technology.