gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Structure, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of an Unprecedented Flupirtine Dimer (2012)

A previously unknown dimer of the well-established analgesic flupirtine has been found, and its structure was revealed by ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy and an independent synthesis. Thus, starting from 2-amino-6-chloro-3-nitro-pyridine the target compound was obtained in a four-step synthesis. Key-step of this synthesis is a nickel-mediated aryl-aryl coupling. The dimer 4 did not show any cytotoxicity, and its IC 50 values were &gt; 30 μm for all six human cancer cell lines and mouse fibroblasts used in this study
The Problem of Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetic Pregnancy (1990)

The hazards of pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus in diabetic women with severe retinopathy and nephropathy are well reported. We wish to highlight a poorly recognized problem in the obstetric management of the diabetic mother, that of pregnancy in a patient with autonomic neuropathy. Two such cases are reported where the presence of autonomic neuropathy severely jeopardized the health of the mother, with the loss of the fetus in one, due to occurrence of severe and intractable vomiting. The presence of moderate to severe symptomatic diabetic autonomic neuropathy, particularly with evidence of gastroparesis, may be a relative contraindication to pregnancy.
Silver Nanowires: A Promising Transparent Conducting Electrode Material for Optoelectronic and Electronic Applications (2013)

Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are promising next-generation conducting materials with the potential to replace traditional electrode materials, such as indium tin oxide, in electrical and optical devices. This material combines several advantages, including tunable optical, plasmonic and excellent electrical properties. Recent research has focused on the application of Ag NWs as an electrode material in liquid crystal displays, light-emitting diodes, solar cells and electrochemical devices. Ag NWs can be synthesized using abundant methods. This feature article reviews the synthesis, structural and morphological properties as well as the optical, electrical properties of Ag NWs. The important applications of Ag NWs as transparent electrodes in optoelectrical and electrochemical devices are presented. This review provides an overview of Ag NW films as well as the prospects of developing high-performance transparent conducting materials for future optoelectronic devices.
Impact of area scaling on threshold voltage lowering in La-containing high-k/metal gate NMOSFETs fabricated on (100) and (110)Si (2006)

Impact of area scaling (especially narrow channel) on V t lowering by La incorporation in high-k gate NMOSFETs is reported for the first time. It is clarified that V t becomes higher in narrower channel for La-containing high-k gate. Efforts are made to ascribe the strong dependence of V t on gate width to less effectiveness of La compared to wider channel. Influence of channel orientation at STI edge is focused on to explain this phenomenon. It is presented that excellent narrow channel characteristic can be obtained using proper La-amount range and improved annealing process.
A MAP Kinase Is Activated Late in Plant Mitosis and Becomes Localized to the Plane of Cell Division (1999)

In eukaryotes, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are part of signaling modules that transmit diverse stimuli, such as mitogens, developmental cues, or various stresses. Here, we report a novel alfalfa MAPK, Medicago MAP kinase 3 (MMK3). Using an MMK3-specific antibody, we detected the MMK3 protein and its associated activity only in dividing cells. The MMK3 protein could be found during all stages of the cell cycle, but its protein kinase activity was transient in mitosis and correlated with the timing of phragmoplast formation. Depolymerization of microtubules by short treatments with the drug amiprophosmethyl during anaphase and telophase abolished MMK3 activity, indicating that intact microtubules are required for MMK3 activation. During anaphase, MMK3 was found to be concentrated in between the segregating chromosomes; later, it localized at the midplane of cell division in the phragmoplast. As the phragmoplast microtubules were redistributed from the center to the periphery during telophase, MMK3 still localized to the whole plane of division; thus, phragmoplast microtubules are not required to keep MMK3 at this location. Together, these data strongly support a role for MMK3 in the regulation of plant cytokinesis.
Automated Annotations for AI Data and Model Transparency (2021)

The data and Artificial Intelligence revolution has had a massive impact on enterprises, governments, and society alike. It is fueled by two key factors. First, data have become increasingly abundant and are often available openly. Enterprises have more data than they can process. Governments are spearheading open data initiatives by setting up data portals such as data.gov and releasing large amounts of data to the public. Second, AI engineering development is becoming increasingly democratized. Open source frameworks have enabled even an individual developer to engineer sophisticated AI systems. But with such ease of use comes the potential for irresponsible use of data. Ensuring that AI systems adhere to a set of ethical principles is one of the major problems of our age. We believe that data and model transparency has a key role to play in mitigating the deleterious effects of AI systems. In this article, we describe a framework to synthesize ideas from various domains such as data transparency, data quality, data governance among others to tackle this problem. Specifically, we advocate an approach based on automated annotations (of both data and the AI model), which has a number of appealing properties. The annotations could be used by enterprises to get visibility of potential issues, prepare data transparency reports, create and ensure policy compliance, and evaluate the readiness of data for diverse downstream AI applications. We propose a model architecture and enumerate its key components that could achieve these requirements. Finally, we describe a number of interesting challenges and opportunities.
Lower bounds and bit error outage of the linear SFBC combiner in an LTE system with imperfect channel state information (2010)

In this work a space-frequency block coding (SFBC) system is considered, which is compliant to the Long-Term-Evolution (LTE) specification. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the mimimum mean-square error (MMSE) of the channel estimator for an SFBC receiver is calculated comparing optimum versus robust Wiener interpolation. Further a lower bound on the bit error ratio (BER) of a binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulated SFBC system with imperfect channel state information (CSI) is derived. Finally the bit error outage (BEO) of the linear Alamouti combiner in presence of log-normal fading signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is compared for different power delay profiles (PDP).
Mechanism of Human Nucleocytoplasmic Hexosaminidase D (2016)

Mammalian β-hexosaminidases have been shown to play essential roles in cellular physiology and health. These enzymes are responsible for the cleavage of the monosaccharides N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from cellular substrates. One of these β-hexosaminidases, hexosaminidase D (HexD), encoded by the HEXDC gene, has received little attention. No mechanistic studies have focused on the role of this unusual nucleocytoplasmically localized β-hexosaminidase, and its cellular function remains unknown. Using a series of kinetic and mechanistic investigations into HexD, we define the precise catalytic mechanism of this enzyme and establish the identities of key enzymic residues. The preparation of synthetic aryl N-acetylgalactosaminide substrates for HexD in combination with measurements of kinetic parameters for wild-type and mutant enzymes, linear free energy analyses of the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of these substrates, evaluation of the reaction by nuclear magnetic resonance, and inhibition studies collectively reveal the detailed mechanism of action employed by HexD. HexD is a retaining glycosidase that operates using a substrate-assisted catalytic mechanism, has a preference for galactosaminide over glucosaminide substrates, and shows a pH optimum in its second-order rate constant at pH 6.5-7.0. The catalytically important residues are Asp148 and Glu149, with Glu149 serving as the general acid/base residue and Asp148 as the polarizing residue. HexD is inhibited by Gal-NAG-thiazoline (Ki = 420 nM). The fundamental insights gained from this study will aid in the development of potent and selective probes for HexD, which will serve as useful tools to improve our understanding of the physiological role played by this unusual enzyme.
Citrobacter werkmanii, a new candidate for the production of 1,3-propanediol: strain selection and carbon source optimization (2012)

In the past decade 1,3-propanediol (PDO) has been identified as one of the top added value bio-based chemical building blocks in many reports, leading to Klebsiella sp., Clostridium sp., and Escherichia coli based production platforms. However, Citrobacter sp. are also known to naturally produce PDO. In this work a range of Citrobacter sp. has been screened for their PDO production capacity and their natural resistance against high PDO titers, leading to the selection of a new candidate for the production of PDO from glycerol, namely Citrobacter werkmanii DSM17579. In batch fermentation, a production rate of 2.84 g L−1 h−1 and a yield of 0.62 mol mol−1 glycerol were obtained starting from 60 g L−1 and 20 g L−1 of glycerol, respectively. The metabolism of this organism was further studied by perturbing it with 18 carbon sources as co-substrates. These results pointed to the potential use of cheap waste streams such as ligno/hemicellulosic hydrolysates for the production of PDO. Furthermore, the sugar alcohol D-mannitol and D-galactose enhance the production yield significantly (0.83 mol mol−1 and 0.81 mol mol−1, respectively, an enhancement of about 30% compared to glycerol as the sole carbon source). The latter indicates the potential of whey based waste streams for the production of PDO. These are, to date, the highest yields reported for natural producing Enterobacteriaceae using co-substrates for the production of PDO from glycerol.
Targeting BET Proteins downregulates miR-33a to promote synergy with PIM inhibitors in CMML (2022)

Summary Preclinical studies in myeloid neoplasms have demonstrated efficacy of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal protein inhibitors (BETi). However, BETi demonstrate poor single agent activity in clinical trials. Several studies suggest that combination with other anti-cancer inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of BETi. To nominate BETi combination therapies for myeloid neoplasms, we used a chemical screen with therapies currently in clinical cancer development. We identified PIM inhibitors (PIMi) as therapeutically synergistic with BETi in myeloid leukemia models. Mechanistically, we show that PIM kinase is increased after BETi treatment, and that PIM kinase upregulation is sufficient to induce resistance to BETi and sensitize cells to PIMi. Further, we demonstrate that miR-33a downregulation is the underlying mechanism driving PIM1 upregulation. We also show that GM-CSF hypersensitivity, a hallmark of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), represents a molecular signature for sensitivity to combination therapy and credential this using patient-derived xenografts supporting the clinical investigation of this combination.
Positively Charged Gelatin Microspheres as Gastric Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System for Eradication of<i>H. pylori</i> (2000)

Gastric mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are very promising for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a spiral bacterium that resides in the gastric mucus layer and at the mucus-epithelial cell interface. New positively charged biodegradable microspheres were prepared using aminated gelatin by surfactant-free emulsification in olive oil, followed by a cross-linking reaction with glutaraldehyde. The amino group contents of the modified gelatin and the microspheres were determined using a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid method. With the increase of glutaraldehyde concentration, the amino group content of the microspheres decreased accordingly. The influence of glutaraldehyde concentration, cross-linking reaction time, drug-loading patterns, and type of release media on the in vitro release characteristics of amoxicillin from the microspheres was investigated. Amoxicillin release rate from the modified gelatin microspheres was significantly reduced compared with that from gelatin microspheres. Furthermore, the release was decreased with the increase of glutaraldehyde concentration and/or cross-linking time. On the other hand, a faster release was observed in a lower pH release medium and/or using a lower pH solution for amoxicillin loading. The gastric mucoadhesive properties of the microspheres were evaluated using RITC-labeled microspheres in an isolated rat stomach. The gastric mucoadhesion of the modified gelatin microspheres was markedly improved compared with that of gelatin microspheres. The modified gelatin microsphere proves to be a possible candidate delivery system for the effective eradication of H. pylori.
Estudo sobre a produção científica brasileira, segundo os dados do ISI: o banco de dados ISI-Asca-Brasil, um novo instrumento para a análise da ciência brasileira (1978)

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Association between Adherence to SSRI Treatment and Mortality among Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome Components (2021)

While a high metabolic load is associated with a higher risk of mortality, adherence to SSRIs only partially moderated the risk of mortality, in contrast to the protective effect of statins. Adherence differences to statins and SSRIs among individuals prescribed both medications merit further investigation.
Auxin herbicides induce H2O2 overproduction and tissue damage in cleavers (Galium aparine L.) (2001)

The phytotoxic effects of auxin herbicides, including the quinoline carboxylic acids quinmerac and quinclorac, the benzoic acid dicamba and the pyridine carboxylic acid picloram, were studied in relation to changes in phytohormonal ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) levels and the production of H(2)O(2) in cleavers (Galium aparine). When plants were root-treated with 10 microM quinmerac, ethylene synthesis was stimulated in the shoot tissue, accompanied by increases in immunoreactive levels of ABA and its precursor xanthoxal. It has been demonstrated that auxin herbicide-stimulated ethylene triggers ABA biosynthesis. The time-course and dose-response of ABA accumulation closely correlated with reductions in stomatal aperture and CO(2) assimilation and increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity and chlorophyll loss. The latter parameters were used as sensitive indicators for the progression of tissue damage. On a shoot dry weight basis, DNase activity and H(2)O(2) levels increased up to 3-fold, relative to the control. Corresponding effects were obtained using auxin herbicides from the other chemical classes or when ABA was applied exogenously. It is hypothesized, that auxin herbicides stimulate H(2)O(2) generation which contributes to the induction of cell death in Galium leaves. This overproduction of H(2)O(2) could be triggered by the decline of photosynthetic activity, due to ABA-mediated stomatal closure.
Head Impact Exposure, Gray Matter Volume, and Moderating Effects of Estimated Intelligence Quotient and Educational Attainment in Former Athletes at Midlife (2022)

Repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure has been associated with differences in brain structure among younger active athletes, most often within the hippocampus. Studies of former athletes at early-midlife are limited. We investigated the association between RHI exposure and gray matter (GM) structure, as well as moderating factors, among former athletes in early-midlife. Former collegiate football players (<i>n</i> = 55; age = 37.9 <u>+</u> 1.5 years) completed magnetic resonance imaging to quantify GM morphometry and extensive structured interviews of RHI history (Head Impact Exposure Estimate). Linear regression models tested the association between RHI exposure and GM structures of interest. Interactions were tested for moderators: two estimates of intelligence quotient (IQ) (single word reading and picture vocabulary) and education history. Greater RHI exposure was associated with smaller hippocampal volume, β = -0.36, <i>p</i> = 0.004. Conversely, RHI exposure was not significantly associated with other GM outcomes <i>p</i>s > 0.05. Education history significantly moderated the association between RHI exposure and hippocampal volume, β = 0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.047. Among those with a bachelor's degree, greater RHI exposure was significantly associated with smaller hippocampal volumes, β = -0.58, <i>p</i> < 0.001. For those with graduate/professional degrees, the association between RHI and hippocampal volume was not significant, β = -0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.134. Consistent with studies involving younger, active athletes, smaller hippocampal volumes were selectively associated with greater RHI exposure among former collegiate football players at midlife. This relationship was moderated by higher levels of education. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the course of possible changes that can occur between early-midlife and older ages, as well as the continued protective effect of education and other potential influential factors.
Spectroelectrochemistry of Silver Deposition on Single Gold Nanocrystals (2014)

We report the electrodeposition of metallic silver onto gold nanostars adsorbed to ITO electrodes. The electrochemical process was studied at the single particle level by correlated in situ dark field spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Underpotential deposition avoids bulk silver formation on the ITO substrates. SEM proves that deposition occurs on all surfaces of the gold nanostars when polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is stabilizing the nanostars or preferentially at the nanostar tips when the ligand is removed. The surface plasmon resonance blue-shifts by more than 100 nm following the formation of a 5 nm Ag film on PVP stabilized gold nanostars, moving the scattered color from the near-infrared to red or orange. The spectral shifts can be accurately modeled using finite element simulations. These results demonstrate that the morphology and composition of individual bimetallic nanocrystals can be engineered electrochemically.
Layered microporous tin(<scp>iv</scp>) bisphosphonates (2007)

This article reports the hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of two new series of porous tin(IV) phosphonophenoxyphenylphosphonates with controlled pore size distributions, using as precursor the 4-(4'-phosphonophenoxy)phenyl phosphonic acid, [H2O3P-C6H4]2-O. Supermicroporous solids (S(BET), 300-400 m2 g(-1)) were obtained employing n-alcohol (C1-C6)-water mixtures (solvents ratio 1 : 1), in the presence of hydrofluoric acid. X-Ray powder diffraction shows that these compounds are semi-crystalline and the local environments around the phosphorus and tin elements have been studied by 31P and 119Sn MAS-NMR spectroscopy, respectively. The microstructure (particle sizes and shapes) of these phosphonates has been analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. This study shows that the microstructures of single-ligand (for instance tin(IV) phenylphosphonate) and cross-linked tin(IV) bisphosphonates are different. Tin(IV) phenylphosphonate crystallizes as micron-sized spheres, theta approximately 1-2 microm, formed by the aggregation of nanospheres, whereas tin(IV) bisphosphonates crystallize as microparticles larger than 20 microm. The textural properties of these porous solids were characterized by N2 and CO2 sorption isotherms. The key result of this work is that maxima of pore size distributions smoothly shift from 12 to 16 angstroms upon increasing the chain length of the alcohol. The microporosity of tin(IV) bisphosphonates is compatible with a double role played by the phosphonate groups acting as a pillar between adjacent layers and as a component of the hybrid organic-inorganic layers.
Complication rate of diagnostic carotid angiography performed by interventional cardiologists (2008)

Neurological and non-neurological complication rates for carotid angiograms performed by interventional cardiologists are low and compare well with the literature. Interventional cardiologists can safely perform diagnostic carotid angiography with low complication rates.
Comparison of spatially matched airways reveals thinner airway walls in COPD. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study and the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcomes in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) (2014)

Airway walls are thinner in COPD when comparing spatially matched central airways. Other approaches to airway sampling result in comparisons of more proximal to more distal airways and potentially biased assessment of airway properties in COPD.
Comparing Improved Language Models for Sentence Retrieval inQuestion Answering (2007)

Autophagy plays a crucial role in the diversity and complexity of the asthma immune microenvironment and has clinical value in treatment response and prognosis.
Protective Effects of Chinese Propolis and Its Component, Chrysin, against Neuronal Cell Death via Inhibition of Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells (2008)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and ischemic disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Chinese propolis and its constituents [chrysin, galangin, pinocembrin, caffeic acid, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)] against tunicamycin-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Both Chinese propolis and chrysin concentration-dependently inhibited such cell death, the tunicamycin-induced activation of caspase-3, and the effects of tunicamycin on mitochondria [release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim)]. Furthermore, Chinese propolis and chrysin each inhibited staurosporine-induced cell death. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of Chinese propolis against neuronal cell death induced by ER stress or staurosporine may be exerted primarily by chrysin. Moreover, the mechanism underlying the protective effects may, at least partly, involve inhibitions of caspase-3 activity and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Effect of the plasma etching on InAsP/InP quantum well structures measured through low temperature micro-photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence (2020)

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