gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actin cytoskeleton–dependent regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor heteromers (2017)

Stress responses are highly nuanced and variable, but how this diversity is achieved by modulating receptor function is largely unknown. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRFRs), class B G protein-coupled receptors, are pivotal in mediating stress responses. Here we show that the two known CRFRs interact to form heteromeric complexes in HEK293 cells coexpressing both CRFRs and in vivo in mouse pancreas. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of both CRF<sub>1</sub>R and CRF<sub>2</sub>βR, along with actin in these heteromeric complexes. Inhibition of actin filament polymerization prevented the transport of CRF<sub>2</sub>βR to the cell surface but had no effect on CRF<sub>1</sub>R. Transport of CRF<sub>1</sub>R when coexpressed with CRF<sub>2β</sub>R became actin dependent. Simultaneous stimulation of cells coexpressing CRF<sub>1</sub>R+CRF<sub>2</sub>βR with their respective high-affinity agonists, CRF+urocortin2, resulted in approximately twofold increases in peak Ca<sup>2+</sup> responses, whereas stimulation with urocortin1 that binds both receptors with 10-fold higher affinity did not. The ability of CRFRs to form heteromeric complexes in association with regulatory proteins is one mechanism to achieve diverse and nuanced function.
A Robust Protocol for Entropy Measurement in Mesoscopic Circuits (2022)

Previous measurements utilizing Maxwell relations to measure change in entropy, <i>S</i>, demonstrated remarkable accuracy in measuring the spin-1/2 entropy of electrons in a weakly coupled quantum dot. However, these previous measurements relied upon prior knowledge of the charge transition lineshape. This had the benefit of making the quantitative determination of entropy independent of scale factors in the measurement itself but at the cost of limiting the applicability of the approach to simple systems. To measure the entropy of more exotic mesoscopic systems, a more flexible analysis technique may be employed; however, doing so requires a precise calibration of the measurement. Here, we give details on the necessary improvements made to the original experimental approach and highlight some of the common challenges (along with strategies to overcome them) that other groups may face when attempting this type of measurement.
New Steroidal Constituents of the Bulbs of Camassia cusickii S. WATS. (1992)

Seven new steroidal compounds were isolated from the fresh bulbs of Camassia cusickii S. WATS. Their structures were detemined by spectroscopic analysis and hydrolysis to be (25R)-5α-spirostan-3β, 6α-diol (chlorogenin) 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), chlorogenin 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), chlorogenin 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), chlorogenin 6-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), 22-O-methyl-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-3β, 6α, 22ξ-triol 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 22-O-methyl-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-3β, 6α, 22ξ-tiol 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) and 3β, 7β, 16β-trihydroxycholest-5en-23-one 3, 16-bis-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (camassioside)(7).
Fundamental Properties of Surface Modified Pulp Sheet (2018)

近年，TEMPO（2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-1-オキシル）を触媒としたセルロースの1級水酸基の酸化方法が開発されている。パルプにTEMPO触媒酸化を施した場合，パルプの繊維形態を維持したまま，カチオン性薬品の定着サイトとなるカルボキシ基を導入することができるため，TEMPO酸化パルプを使用することで，紙独特のテクスチャーを有する新たな機能性紙の開発に繋がる可能性がある。本検討では対イオンを交換した表面改質パルプに関する基礎的な知見を得るため，TEMPO触媒酸化パルプのカルボキシ基の対イオンを炭素数が異なる第1級アミン，第2級アミン，第3級アミンに交換し，これらのパルプから作製した紙の特性を検討した。FT-IRの測定結果から，炭素数18以下の第1級アミンであれば，パルプ表面の大部分のカルボキシ基と塩を形成することができた。第2級アミン，第3級アミンでもアミン塩を形成したが，第2級アミン，第3級アミンの順で，アミン塩を形成するカルボキシ基の量が減少した。アルキル鎖の長い第1級アミンを使用するほどサイズ度は良好であったが，紙力が低下する傾向であった。他方で，カルボキシ基の多いTEMPO酸化パルプを使用するとアルキル鎖の短いアミンを添加した場合でも高いサイズ性が発現し，TOP-Bにオクチルアミン（C8）を添加した場合，高い強度を維持したままサイズ度が高い紙を作製することができた。
Simulation Training in Pedicle Preparation and Screw Insertion in Pediatric Spinal Deformity (2022)

Pedicle screw segmental instrumentation has become the gold standard for spinal deformity correction for both the pediatric and adult populations. The thought of placing screws through tiny boney channels in the spinal column can be a daunting task for trainees. The goal in spine surgery instrumentation is similar to other orthopaedic subspecialities—safe passage of screws through the bone. Yet, the potential consequences of pedicle breaches and malpositioned instruments/screws are what give pedicle preparation and screw insertion an appropriately heightened sense of care and apprehension. Important anatomical structures lie around the pedicles of the spine, with the spinal cord, nerve roots, epidural veins, lungs, kidneys, and major vessels being just some of the structures that lurk outside of the spine’s osseous anatomy. In 2007, we implemented power pedicle screw preparation and screw insertion to improve safety for both the surgeon and patient. A recent multicenter study of early adopters demonstrated the safety of this technique in 22,209 screws across six institutions. As we have taught this technique to fellow surgeons throughout the world, inevitably the question would always arise, “Do you let your residents do that?”. The answer was always an emphatic, YES. However, we began to explore ways in which we could improve our trainees’ education on pedicle screw insertion, both manual and power, given the complexity of the osseous anatomy in pediatric spinal deformity cases.
Noise and vibration behavior and analysis conditions of a 45kW induction motor (2015)

A medium power induction motor (IM), of 45kW, is under study and the main results in terms of noise and vibrations are presented here. Several operating conditions will be verified as well as their influence on the structural behavior of the IM. The IM is considered to be capable to assure the propulsion of an electric car, which involves specific constraints. Thus, the tests were performed on a driving cycle and the main measurements are depicted here to prove the noise and vibration behavior of the studied motor.
High resolution method for the analysis of admittance spectroscopy data (1995)

There are several experimental methods which give information about the thermal relaxation times of the deep levels in a semiconductor. Analyzing the temperature dependence of the relaxation times, the activation energy and the cross section of the corresponding deep levels can be determined. An essential problem of such methods is the identification of the relaxation times in the measured signal. In the context of time-dependent measurements such as photoinduced current transient spectroscopy and deep level transient spectroscopy, Tikhonov regularization was recently proposed as a high resolution method for this purpose. In this contribution it is proposed to apply Tikhonov regularization in order to identify the thermal relaxation times in admittance spectroscopy data. The method is tested and discussed using simulated data. Finally, admittance spectroscopy data of a GaAs diode are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the resolution of an ordinary admittance spectroscopy setup can considerably be improved by the application of Tikhonov regularization.
MicroRNA-223 controls susceptibility to tuberculosis by regulating lung neutrophil recruitment (2013)

The molecular mechanisms that control innate immune cell trafficking during chronic infection and inflammation, such as in tuberculosis (TB), are incompletely understood. During active TB, myeloid cells infiltrate the lung and sustain local inflammation. While the chemoattractants that orchestrate these processes are increasingly recognized, the posttranscriptional events that dictate their availability are unclear. We identified microRNA-223 (miR-223) as an upregulated small noncoding RNA in blood and lung parenchyma of TB patients and during murine TB. Deletion of miR-223 rendered TB-resistant mice highly susceptible to acute lung infection. The lethality of miR-223(–/–) mice was apparently not due to defects in antimycobacterial T cell responses. Exacerbated TB in miR-223(–/–) animals could be partially reversed by neutralization of CXCL2, CCL3, and IL-6, by mAb depletion of neutrophils, and by genetic deletion of Cxcr2. We found that miR-223 controlled lung recruitment of myeloid cells, and consequently, neutrophil-driven lethal inflammation. We conclude that miR-223 directly targets the chemoattractants CXCL2, CCL3, and IL-6 in myeloid cells. Our study not only reveals an essential role for a single miRNA in TB, it also identifies new targets for, and assigns biological functions to, miR-223. By regulating leukocyte chemotaxis via chemoattractants, miR-223 is critical for the control of TB and potentially other chronic inflammatory diseases.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of the depth limit of three-photon microscopy (2021)

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) techniques provide unprecedented deep access into live scattering tissue. Three-photon microscopy (3PM) has the advantage of the highly confined excitation volume, and its excitation wavelength falls in the optimal wavelength window for deep imaging of common fluorophores in scattering media. These features enable deep high-resolution imaging in complex biological tissues. Here, we provide a theoretical prediction for the depth limit in 3PM and experimentally verify our results. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the depth limit of 3PM depends on the labeling density of the sample, and 3PM can penetrate beyond 10 effective attenuation lengths (EAL) with close to diffraction-limited spatial resolution in a tissue phantom.
Experimental Study on the Forced Heating and Natural Cooling of a Colloidal Damper (2012)

Colloidal dampers are able to dissipate large amounts of mechanical energy without significant heating, and such result is surprising since traditional hydro-pneumatic absorbers transform almost integrally the dissipated energy into heat. Trying to get deeper insight into this phenomenon, in this experimental work, using a thermographical method the temperature distributions on the external surface of a colloidal damper are recorded during its forced heating followed by its natural cooling. Employed compression-decompression cylinder is axially divided into two chambers, one of constant volume and the other of variable volume. Silica particles are introduced inside the cavity of fixed volume (silica tank), and a micro-filter is used to separate it by the chamber of variable volume, in which only water is supplied. Two main heat sources are identified at the silica tank (colloidal effect) and the packing used to seal the cylinder (frictional effect). Tests prove that heating/cooling through colloidal effect is much slower than heating/cooling through frictional effect. However, depending on the working frequency, generated heat power through colloidal effect can exceed the generated heat power through frictional effect. Based on the experimentally observed slow speed of heating/ cooling through colloidal effect, one suggests that silica tank can be regarded from a thermal standpoint as a thermostat. Mechanism of energy dissipation is justified based on the molecular and cluster vibration modes of the liquid water, variation of the radiation absorption coefficient of liquid water versus the electromagnetic wavelength, and changes in the arrangement of water octamers.
Three-Dimensional Self-Similarity of Coalescing Viscous Drops in the Thin-Film Regime (2022)

Coalescence and breakup of drops are classic problems in fluid physics that often involve self-similarity and singularity formation. While the coalescence of suspended drops is axisymmetric, the coalescence of drops on a substrate is inherently three-dimensional. Yet, studies so far have only considered this problem in two dimensions. In this Letter, we use interferometry to reveal the three-dimensional shape of the interface as two drops coalescence on a substrate. We unify the known scaling laws in this problem within the thin-film approximation and find a three-dimensional self-similarity that enables us to describe the anisotropic shape of the dynamic interface with a universal curve.
Hydrothermal catalytic processing of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to hydrocarbons with glycerol for in situ hydrogen production (2014)

Lipids are a promising feedstock to produce renewable hydrocarbon fuels and H2via catalytic hydrothermal processing. Upon exposure to hydrothermal media (e.g., 300 °C, 8–11 MPa), lipids rapidly hydrolyze to produce saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids in varying ratios, depending on the feedstock, as well as glycerol. This report demonstrates the potential of Pt–Re/C for the hydrothermal conversion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to hydrocarbons, using glycerol reforming for in situ H2 production to meet process demands. Experiments showed that deoxygenation of stearic acid, a model saturated fatty acid, was significantly enhanced with Pt–Re/C under a reducing atmosphere compared to Pt/C. The coupled hydrogenation and deoxygenation (HYD–DOX) of oleic aid, a model unsaturated fatty acid, was also moderately enhanced under an inert atmosphere using glycerol for in situ H2 production, with DOX as the rate-limiting step. Characterization of Pt–Re/C showed that Re had a significant effect on CO : H uptake ratio (2.2) compared to commercial Pt/C (1.3), with the metals dispersed as small crystallites (∼3–4 nm) throughout carbon support. Experiments revealed that the initial system H2 headspace loading <3.45 MPa greatly enhances fatty acid DOX kinetics via decarboxylation/decarbonylation without net H2 consumption. At higher initial H2 loadings (≥3.45 MPa), fatty acid reduction was also observed as a minor DOX pathway. Experiments also showed that oleic acid HYD–DOX and glycerol reforming are affected by initial glycerol concentration and catalyst loading. Under optimized process conditions, complete HYD–DOX of oleic acid to heptadecane was achieved within 2 h with a net-zero H2 consumption using a 1 : 3 glycerol-to-fatty acid ratio (i.e., the native ratio in triacylglycerides). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that H2 in the reactor headspace results in lower oxidation states of Pt and Re, suggesting a possible mechanism for enhanced DOX kinetics. This approach holds promise for overcoming the high external H2 demands of conventional lipid hydrotreatment processes.
Battery Energy Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Machine-to-Machine Networks (2015)

The IETF standardized the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) to meet routing requirements of the emerging applications. RPL is a distributed routing protocol and shows good scalability and fast network setup. However, RPL does not support sleep operation well. To provide efficient energy management and enhance RPL for sleep operation support, this paper presents battery energy management solutions for heterogeneous wireless machine-to-machine networks containing both battery powered nodes and mains powered nodes. We introduce a distributed sleep model for battery powered nodes to manage their own sleep schedules based on their internal parameters and observed network conditions. We propose two broadcast message delivery methods for battery operated networks that use distributed sleep control. Two battery node aware routing metrics are introduced to discover more battery energy efficient routes. We also present a battery energy efficient routing protocol called B-RPL to leverage distributed sleep model and introduced routing metrics. A battery energy efficient data packet transmission and forwarding method is provided to select the most battery energy efficient route among multiple active routes to transmit and forward data packets. Simulation results show that compared with standard RPL, the proposed B-RPL can extend network lifetime by two times and improve data packet delivery rate by 75%.
Memory Cell for High-Density Arrays Based on a Multiterminal Superconducting-Ferromagnetic Device (2018)

Over the last several decades, significant effort has been dedicated to developing memory for energy-efficient cryogenic computers. The proposed memory cells involving magnetic junctions typically have an area far exceeding that of the junction itself, due to the lack of both an area-efficient cell selector within the RAM array, and a compact sensor. The device described here solves both problems: Its multiple terminals allow for implementation of efficient addressing within the RAM array, and its vertically integrated design provides compact sensing (readout) using an $S\ensuremath{-}I\ensuremath{-}{S}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ junction.
Development of neurologic diseases in a patient with primate T lymphotropic virus type 1 (PTLV-1) (2016)

These results demonstrate the patient is infected with a simian variant of PTLV-1, suggesting for the first time that PTLV-1smm infection in humans may be associated with a chronic progressive neurologic disease.
Analysis of Convolutions with Support Restrictions (2014)

For sequences with finite support it can be shown a one-sided stable invertibility of the convolution. This property allows a one-sided stable reconstruction of signals resp. phase from a sub-Nyquist sampling. Furthermore, it will be shown that the convolution of continuous signals with discrete signals under support restrictions generates shift orthogonal signals which can be optimal designed to a given spectral power mask.
Synthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C] platelet‐activating factor (PAF) analogs for in vivo imaging of PAF receptors (1993)

Abstract 1‐O‐Hexadecyl‐2‐O‐N, N‐dimethylcarbamoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine[choline methyl‐ 11 C] ([ 11 C]dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF) and 1‐O‐Hexadecyl‐2‐O‐acetyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine[choline methyl‐ 11 C] ([ 11 C]C 16 ‐PAF) were synthesized as follows; Each of non‐labeled dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF and C 16 ‐PAF was treated with sodium benzene thiolate to derive their desmethyl‐precursors containing a dimethylphosphoethanolamine at sn‐3. 11 C‐Labeled dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF and C 16 ‐PAF were synthesized by methylation of the respective desmethyl‐precursors using [ 11 C]CH 3 I. The radiochemical yield of methylation in [ 11 C]dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF and [ 11 C]C 16 ‐PAF was about 15 and 10% (decay corrected), respectively. The lower yield of [ 11 C]C 16 ‐PAF compared with that of [ 11 C]dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF was attributed to hydrolysis of the 2‐acetyl group of [ 11 C]C 16 ‐PAF during methylation. To study the stability to enzymatic hydrolysis, [ 11 C]dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF or [ 11 C]C 16 ‐PAF was incubated with mouse plasma at 37 °C.
Chirping compensation of femtosecond pulses by using 1-D photonic crystals anomalous dispersion (2006)

Transmission properties of ultra-short pulses propagating through 1-D photonic crystals (PCs) with multiple cavities were experimentally investigated. Coupling between cavities is responsible for a wide resonance, inside the PC gap, suitable to distortion free propagation of 70 fs pulses at 800 nm. Geometry induced anomalous dispersion across the resonance allows chirp compensation of 70 fs pulses. We use an autocorrelator set-up in order to investigate chirp compensation effect by measuring the time duration of input and output pulses. Measurements are performed for different incidence angle. Results show that complete chirp compensation of 10 fs chirping occurs for an incidence angle of 20 deg.
An ERA with impact: a contribution from the Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (2011)

The ERA shows every sign of driving behaviour as is seen in other countries that have used Research Quality Frameworks or their equivalent. There seems an inevitability that the ERA will inform funding, again as it has in other countries. It is therefore timely to investigate the role of the ERA in an innovation context. Does research engender or facilitate innovation and if so, should the ERA reflect this impact?The talk will draw on the considered position of the Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, the recent pilot trials in the UK on impact in an ERA like system, the recent review of the UK Research Councils funding of R&D for energy and finally, the very recent OECD study on the impact of R&D on investment in low emission technologies. The latter is quite controversial albeit seemingly robust in that investment is leveraged far better when R&D targets less developed rather than mainstream activities – a factor of 5 is involved.
Leveraging the trade-off between accuracy and interpretability in a hybrid intelligent system (2017)

Neural Fuzzy Inference System (NFIS) is a widely adopted paradigm to develop a data-driven learning system. This hybrid system has been widely adopted due to its accurate reasoning procedure and comprehensible inference rules. Although most NFISs primarily focus on accuracy, we have observed an ever increasing demand on improving the interpretability of NFISs and other types of machine learning systems. In this paper, we illustrate how we leverage the trade-off between accuracy and interpretability in an NFIS called Genetic Algorithm and Rough Set Incorporated Neural Fuzzy Inference System (GARSINFIS). In a nutshell, GARSINFIS self-organizes its network structure with a small set of control parameters and constraints. Moreover, its autonomously generated inference rule base tries to achieve higher interpretability without sacrificing accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrate different configuration options of GARSINFIS using well-known benchmarking datasets. The performance of GARSINFIS on both accuracy and interpretability is shown to be encouraging when compared against other decision tree, Bayesian, neural and neural fuzzy models.
DNA Vaccine–Induced Long-Lasting Cytotoxic T Cells Targeting Conserved Elements of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Are Boosted Upon DNA or Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccination (2018)

DNA-based vaccines able to induce efficient cytotoxic T-cell responses targeting conserved elements (CE) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag have been developed. These CE were selected by stringent conservation, the ability to induce T-cell responses with broad human leukocyte antigen coverage, and the association between recognition of CE epitopes and viral control in HIV-infected individuals. Based on homology to HIV, a simian immunodeficiency virus p27<sup>gag</sup> CE DNA vaccine has also been developed. This study reports on the durability of the CE-specific T-cell responses induced by HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus CE DNA-based prime/boost vaccine regimens in rhesus macaques, and shows that the initially primed CE-specific T-cell responses were efficiently boosted by a single CE DNA vaccination after the long rest period (up to 2 years). In another cohort of animals, the study shows that a single inoculation with non-replicating recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara (rMVA62B) also potently boosted CE-specific responses after around 1.5 years of rest. Both CE DNA and rMVA62B booster vaccinations increased the magnitude and cytotoxicity of the CE-specific responses while maintaining the breadth of CE recognition. Env produced by rMVA62B did not negatively interfere with the recall of the Gag CE responses. rMVA62B could be beneficial to further boosting the immune response to Gag in humans. Vaccine regimens that employ CE DNA as a priming immunogen hold promise for application in HIV prevention and therapy.