gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ambient Factors on the Acquisition of 3-D Respiratory Motion Measurements in Infants—A Preclinical Assessment (2023)

In recent decades, great progress has been made in the contactless detection of infant and child respiratory motion. Systematic camera errors and disturbing environmental influences can have a strong impact on the signal quality of depth cameras. The prevalence of respiratory diseases in children and the central role that respiratory activity plays in the treatment of these conditions necessitate a robust and nonintrusive way of quantifying nocturnal respiratory activity in children. The aim of our study was to assess the robustness of various depth cameras (Microsoft Kinect V2, photonic mixing device (PMD) CamBoard pico flexx, PMD CamBoard pico monstar, ORBBEC Astra Pro, Intel RealSense D435) regarding ambient factors typically found during the use in clinical and home settings. We investigated the influence of viewing angles, reflectivity, and infrared (IR) light on signal quality. By correlating depth images with respiratory—belt signals, our analyses show that three cameras achieved adequate performance and might be considered for use in the contactless assessment of infant or child respiration. Several cameras failed under some of the ambient conditions which are likely to be encountered in real-life settings. Therefore, a careful camera selection regarding environmental influences is pivotal.
An efficient Interest delivery scheme using Named-data Link State Routing Protocol and Interest NACK in NDN (2014)

For forwarding Interest efficiently in Named Data Networking (NDN), the routing is the foundation where each node is assigned a name rather than an IP address. The packets are also routed by names rather than the source and destination IP addresses. For routing the packets, it requires routing protocol. In this paper, we discuss the use of Named-data Link State Routing Protocol (NLSR) and Interest NACK in NDN for an efficient Interest delivery. The NLSR is used for building the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) so that the router can forward Interests and computes next-hops. In case the router fails to forward user Interest, it returns back the Interest NACK to the downstream router. The Interest NACK can help the downstream router to build Link State Database (LSDB) and take the decision on which alternative path to use, even if the router has not yet received the Adjacency Link State Advertisement (LSA).
The relationship between ipsilateral cochlear gain reduction and speech-in-noise recognition at positive and negative signal-to-noise ratios (2021)

Active mechanisms that regulate cochlear gain are hypothesized to influence speech-in-noise perception. However, evidence of a relationship between the amount of cochlear gain reduction and speech-in-noise recognition is mixed. Findings may conflict across studies because different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were used to evaluate speech-in-noise recognition. Also, there is evidence that ipsilateral elicitation of cochlear gain reduction may be stronger than contralateral elicitation, yet, most studies have investigated the contralateral descending pathway. The hypothesis that the relationship between ipsilateral cochlear gain reduction and speech-in-noise recognition depends on the SNR was tested. A forward masking technique was used to quantify the ipsilateral cochlear gain reduction in 24 young adult listeners with normal hearing. Speech-in-noise recognition was measured with the PRESTO-R sentence test using speech-shaped noise presented at -3, 0, and +3 dB SNR. Interestingly, greater cochlear gain reduction was associated with lower speech-in-noise recognition, and the strength of this correlation increased as the SNR became more adverse. These findings support the hypothesis that the SNR influences the relationship between ipsilateral cochlear gain reduction and speech-in-noise recognition. Future studies investigating the relationship between cochlear gain reduction and speech-in-noise recognition should consider the SNR and both descending pathways.
Anomalous branch intensities in the threshold photoionization of HCl (1992)

The rotationally resolved threshold photoionization spectrum of HCl has been observed for ionization into both spin-orbit components of the ground electronic state of HCl+. The data indicate an extreme asymmetry in the apportioning of angular momentum between the escaping photoelectron and the ion core. Observed transitions in which the core rotation decreases are found to be heavily favored compared to those where the core rotation increases by an equal amount. A mechanism of increased negative branch intensity due to field- or dipole-induced mixing of Rydberg series converging to higher ion rotational levels is proposed as a possible explanation. Direct observation of the transition HCl (X 1Σ+,J″=0)→HCl+ (X̃ 2Π3/2,J+= (3)/(2) ) yields an ionization potential of 102 802.8±2 cm−1 for HCl.
A Digital Map of Middle Cerebral Artery Infarcts Associated With Middle Cerebral Artery Trunk and Branch Occlusion (2005)

We have created a digital atlas of MCA infarction using MR imaging techniques. This approach may be useful to establish the distribution of the MCA and other arterial territories and the border zones between them with greater certainty.
Polymer/Laponite Nanocomposite Films Produced from Surfactant-Free Latexes using Cationic Macromolecular Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Copolymers (2021)

In this work, the use of positively charged macromolecular reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymers (macroRAFTs) in the synthesis of Laponite RD-based nanocomposite latex particles is described. For this purpose, two different amphiphilic copolymers composed of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) units are investigated. In the first step, the macroRAFT is adsorbed onto Laponite, and then, in the second step, the macroRAFT-modified clay platelets are used in the emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), methyl acrylate (MA), or styrene (Sty), with BA. By acting as both coupling agents and stabilizers, the macroRAFT agents lead to the formation of partially encapsulated particles and dumbbell structures. When hydrophobic monomer mixtures that can form film are used, these morphologies result in nanocomposite films with increased stiffness, in comparison to the pure polymer matrix. As observed by dynamic mechanical analysis, the high Young’s modulus level presented by the composite films in the rubbery plateau (above 100 MPa when filled with 10 wt% of clay) highlights the strong mechanical reinforcement. Such an improvement can be attributed to the formation of two percolating networks, one of homogeneously distributed and connected platelets and one of macroRAFT chains, within the polymer matrix.
Regulation of HIV-1 gene expression (2013)

Gene expression is an immensely complicated process which requires fine tuning regulation involving multiple actors that have to work in a highly coordinated fashion. Indeed, each step of the transcription cycle (initiation, elongation and termination) is intimately coupled to a specif c step in pre-mRNA processing (5’ capping, splicing and 3’-end formation). Recent advances in the field highlighted the key role of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit in coordinating different steps of the transcription cycle and RNA processing. Transcription from the long terminal repeat (LTR) leads to RNAPII pausing and premature termination after synthesis of a short RNA, the transactivation response element (TAR). The HIV-1 transactivator protein, Tat, together with Cyclin T1 binds a bulge-loop within TAR leading to the recruitment of the super elongation complex (SEC) and allowing CDK9 to phosphorylate the RNAPII CTD and the negative transcription elongation factors NELF and the DRB-sensitivity-inducing factor DSIF/Spt4:Spt5 to overcome their negative action, licensing RNAPII for productive elongation. We will discuss how these recent advances might impact our view of how to design an efficient strategy leading to reactivation of transcriptionally silent HIV-1.
Activity of synthesized compounds toward 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2. (2017)

&lt;p&gt;Enzyme activity was measured in lysates of HEK-293 cells expressing recombinant human 11β-HSD1 or 11β-HSD2 as described in Materials and Methods. Data represent mean from three independent experiments. nd: not determined.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 39: Expression of uPA-system members correlate with the clinico-pathological parameters of PCa patients (2014)

Abstract Background: Members of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system play an important role in tumor progression and angiogenesis in different human malignancies including breast, kidney, colon, stomach and prostate cancer (PCa). The objective of this study was to determine the mRNA expression and protein levels of uPA system components in tissue specimens and serum samples, respectively, from patients with PCa, and to assess their potential association with clinic-pathological parameters and overall survival (OS). Material and methods: mRNA levels of uPA, its receptor (uPAR) and its inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) were analyzed in corresponding malignant and adjacent non-malignant prostate tissue specimens from 132 PCa patients. Relative mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative PCR and normalized to the reference gene TATA-box-binding protein. Pre-operative serum samples from 81 of the 132 PCa patients and 36 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were analyzed for antigen levels of uPA system members by ELISA. Results: mRNA levels of the uPA system components displayed significant correlations with each other in the tumor tissues (uPA vs. uPAR: rs = 0.550; uPA vs. PAI-1: rs = 0.552; uPAR vs. PAI-1: rs = 0.643; all P &amp;lt; 0.001). A significantly decreased uPA mRNA expression in PCa tissue compared to the corresponding non-malignant tissue specimens was detected (data not shown). High mRNA expression of uPA and PAI-1 was significantly associated with a high Gleason score (P = 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively; Fig. 2). Antigen levels of uPA and soluble uPAR (suPAR) in serum correlated weakly, but significantly, with each other (rs = 0.382, P &amp;lt; 0.001). A significant association was found between elevated suPAR concentrations in serum and poor OS of PCa patients (P = 0.022, log rank test). In multivariate Cox's regression analysis (adj. for age, lymph node status, tumor stage and Gleason sum) a high suPAR level was associated with a 7.12-fold increased risk of death (P=0.027). Conclusion: The observed association of high suPAR levels with poor survival of PCa patients is consistent with published data on patients afflicted with other types of solid cancer and strongly suggests a general prognostic impact of uPAR antigen levels in serum of cancer patients. Citation Format: Omar Al-Janabi, Helge Taubert, Andrea Lohse-Fischer, Michael Fröhner, Sven Wach, Robert Stöhr, Bastian Keck, Max Burger, Wolf Wieland, Kati Erdmann, Manfred P. Wirth, Bernd Wullich, Gustavo Baretton, Viktor Magdolen, Matthias Kotzsch, Susanne Füssel. Expression of uPA-system members correlate with the clinico-pathological parameters of PCa patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 39. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-39
Kernel Principal Component Analysis for Feature Reduction in Hyperspectrale Images Analysis (2006)

Feature extraction of hyperspectral remote sensing data is investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) has shown to be a good unsupervised feature extraction. On the other hand, this methods only focus on second orders statistics. By mapping the data onto another feature space and using nonlinear function, Kernel PCA (KPCA) can extract higher order statistics. Using kernel methods, all computation are done in the original space, thus saving computing time. In this paper, KPCA is used has a preprocessing step to extract relevant feature for classification and to prevent from the Hughes phenomenon. Then the classification was done with a back-propagation neural network on real hyperspectral ROSIS data from urban area. Results were positively compared to the linear version (PCA) and to a version of a algorithm specially designed to be use with neural network (DBFE)
Fuzzy Rough Set Prototype Selection for Regression (2015)

Instance selection methods are a class of preprocessing techniques that have been widely studied in machine learning to remove redundant or noisy instances from a training set. The main focus of such prior efforts has been on the selection of suitable training instances to perform a classification task for crisp class labels. In this paper, we propose a novel instance selection technique termed Fuzzy Rough Set Prototype Selection for Regression (FRPS-R) for solving regression problems, where the outcome is continuous. We use concepts from fuzzy rough set theory and extend the currently well-known fuzzy rough set prototype selection technique to model the quality of all available elements and then use a wrapper approach to select an optimal subset of high-quality instances; thereby generalizing the idea. Our experimental evaluation shows that the application of our proposed instance selection technique can significantly improve the predictive performance of the weighted k-nearest neighbor regression algorithm, in particular when noise is present in the original training set.
Adaptive frequency offset estimation for practical satellite communication channels (2014)

We have recently implemented a poly-polarization multiplexing (PPM) system as a hardware prototype in order to demonstrate its high spectral-efficiency in a satellite channel. The Luise and Reggiannini (L&R) algorithm is one of the frequency offset estimation methods suitable for use with the Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite (DVB-S2) standard, and has also been implemented in our PPM receiver. In order to provide sufficient performance at the lowest SNR of about -2 dB, it is recommended to average the correlation estimates over 2048 frames. In higher SNR regions however, such a large averaging size is unnecessary and by reducing the size, the system can be made more responsive to changes in the channel state. In order to reduce the latency, we propose to measure the average noise power and select an efficient frame averaging length using a look-up-table. We show that the benefits of the proposed adaptive architecture can be extended to short UW lengths through increasing the separation of the UW symbols. Performance results show that the size of the averaging window can be substantially reduced whilst maintaining a target BER.
Identification and bioinformatic characterization of a multidrug resistance associated protein (ABCC) gene in Plasmodium berghei (2009)

In this study, the pbmrp gene was sequenced and classified as a member of the ABCC sub-family. Multiple sequence alignments reveal that this gene is homologous to the Plasmodium y. yoelii and Plasmodium knowlesi mrp, and the Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum mrp2 genes. There were no differences in gene organization, copy number, or mRNA expression between N clone and the RC line, but a chromosomal translocation of pbmrp from chromosome 13/14 to chromosome 8 was detected in RC.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of High Grade Cancer in the Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study (2020)

This study adds the largest cohort data to the body of literature for magnetic resonance imaging in active surveillance, recommending systematic biopsy in patients with negative magnetic resonance imaging and the inclusion of systematic biopsy in patients with positive magnetic resonance imaging.
Mouse NC/Jic strain provides novel insights into host genetic factors for malaria research (2019)

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and is one of the most life-threatening infectious diseases in humans. Infection can result in severe complications such as cerebral malaria, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute renal injury. These complications are mainly caused by P. falciparum infection and are major causes of death associated with malaria. There are a few species of rodent-infective malaria parasites, and mice infected with such parasites are now widely used for screening candidate drugs and vaccines and for studying host immune responses and pathogenesis associated with disease-related complications. We found that mice of the NC/Jic strain infected with rodent malarial parasites exhibit distinctive disease-related complications such as cerebral malaria and nephrotic syndrome, in addition to a rapid increase in parasitemia. Here, we focus on the analysis of host genetic factors that affect malarial pathogenesis and describe the characteristic features, utility, and future prospects for exploitation of the NC/Jic strain as a novel mouse model for malaria research.
Nanotriangle Decorated Silicon Nitride Waveguides for Integrated Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2017)

Nanosphere lithography provides an e-beam free method for patterning gold nanoplasmonic antennas. By combining this technique with deep-UV photolithography, we fabricate Si3N4 waveguides interfaced to plasmonic antennas capable of exciting and collecting surface-enhanced Raman spectra.
Reliability Study of 1T1C FeRAM Arrays With Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O₂ Thickness Scaling (2022)

We have reported that film thickness scaling of ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) allows hafnium-based one-transistor and one-capacitor (1T1C) ferroelectric random-access memory (FeRAM) to obtain higher cycling tolerance for hard breakdown with lower voltage operation in prior reports. This paper is an extension of the previous works including a review of recent works on FeRAM-related devices from a film thickness scaling point of view. We experimentally verified the cycling tolerance advantage of film thickness scaling by 1T1C FeRAM array with different HZO thicknesses of 8 nm and 10 nm using different small capacitors areas (0.20, 0.40, and 1.00 lm2) at practical operation conditions for the first time, demonstrating higher reliability at the 8-nm sample with smaller capacitance area. To support the result, time zero dielectric breakdown (TZDB) and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) were conducted for both 8-nm and 10a-nm samples.
Comparison of the Key Aroma Compounds in Organically Grown, Raw West-African Peanuts (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) and in Ground, Pan-Roasted Meal Produced Thereof (2008)

Application of an aroma extract dilution analysis on an aroma distillate prepared from organically grown, raw West-African peanuts (Cameroon) revealed 36 odor-active areas in the flavor dilution (FD) factor range of 1 to 2048. The identification experiments, which were all performed by using the respective reference chemicals, revealed 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea-like), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (bell pepper-like, earthy), and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (metallic) with the highest FD factors among the 36 aroma compounds identified. The two last mentioned odorants and another set of 22 further odorants were identified for the first time in raw peanuts. A comparative aroma extract dilution analysis applied on distillates prepared from either the raw peanuts or ground peanut meal roasted in a pan showed 52 odor-active areas in the FD factor range of 8 to 2048 in the roasted nut material. The identification experiments in combination with the FD factors revealed that among them, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H)-furanone showed the most significant contribution to the overall aroma, followed by 1-octen-3-one, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal, and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal. As a further result, 20 aroma compounds were newly identified in roasted peanuts, such as 2-propionyl-1-pyrroline and 2-acetyltetrahydropyridine (both popcorn-like). In particular, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2 H)-furanone showed the most pronounced increase after roasting.
Conformational Locking of the Glycosyl Acceptor for Stereocontrol in the Key Step in the Synthesis of Heparin Financial support from the National Institutes of Health (HL-64799 and HL-62598), The Research Corporation (Research Innovation Award to P.H.S.), CaP CURE (Research Awards to P.H.S.), FOMEC (Postdoctoral Fellowship for H.A.O.), CNRI (Italian National Research Center, Postdoctoral Fellowship for A.B.), and the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service, Postdoctoral Fellowship for P.S.) is gratefully acknowledged. Funding for the MIT-DCIF Varian 500 MHz NMR was provided by NSF (Award CHE-9808061). Funding for the MIT-DCIF Bruker 400 MHz NMR was provided by NIH (Award 1S10RR13886-01). Funding for the MIT-DCIF Varian 300 MHz was provided by NSF (Award DBI-9729592). (2002)

Complete control over the stereoselectivity of key coupling reactions in the synthesis of heparin can be exerted by conformationally locking the uronic acid acceptor (see scheme).
Stimulation of Insulin Fibrillation by Urea-induced Intermediates (2004)

Fibrillar deposits of insulin cause serious problems in implantable insulin pumps, commercial production of insulin, and for some diabetics. We performed a systematic investigation of the effect of urea-induced structural perturbations on the mechanism of fibrillation of insulin. The addition of as little as 0.5 m urea to zinc-bound hexameric insulin led to dissociation into dimers. Moderate concentrations of urea led to accumulation of a partially unfolded dimer state, which dissociates into an expanded, partially folded monomeric state. Very high concentrations of urea resulted in an unfolded monomer with some residual structure. The addition of even very low concentrations of urea resulted in increased fibrillation. Accelerated fibrillation correlated with population of the partially folded intermediates, which existed at up to 8 m urea, accounting for the formation of substantial amounts of fibrils under such conditions. Under monomeric conditions the addition of low concentrations of urea slowed down the rate of fibrillation, e.g. 5-fold at 0.75 m urea. The decreased fibrillation of the monomer was due to an induced non-native conformation with significantly increased alpha-helical content compared with the native conformation. The data indicate a close-knit relationship between insulin conformation and propensity to fibrillate. The correlation between fibrillation and the partially unfolded monomer indicates that the latter is a critical amyloidogenic intermediate in insulin fibrillation.
A link-flow model for dedicated path protection with approximative availability constraints (2006)

The link-flow model is a standard way to model optical network design problems using integer linear programming. For dedicated path protection, additional availability constraints considering node and link failures make the model non-linear. This paper develops a linear approximation of these constraints for direct inclusion into the model
A mathematical model of mitochondrial swelling (2010)

We present a model of the mitochondrial swelling kinetics. This model may be adapted and extended to diverse other inducing/inhibiting conditions or to mitochondria from other biological sources and thus may benefit a better understanding of the mitochondrial permeability transition.