gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coplanar electrowetting-induced stirring as a tool to manipulate biological samples in lubricated digital microfluidics. Impact of ambient phase on drop internal flow pattern (2013)

Oscillating electrowetting on dielectrics (EWOD) with coplanar electrodes is investigated in this paper as a way to provide efficient stirring within a drop with biological content. A supporting model inspired from Ko et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 194102 (2009)] is proposed allowing to interpret oscillating EWOD-induced drop internal flow as the result of a current streaming along the drop surface deformed by capillary waves. Current streaming behaves essentially as a surface flow generator and the momentum it sustains within the (viscous) drop is even more significant as the surface to volume ratio is small. With the circular electrode pair considered in this paper, oscillating EWOD sustains toroidal vortical flows when the experiments are conducted with aqueous drops in air as ambient phase. But when oil is used as ambient phase, it is demonstrated that the presence of an electrode gap is responsible for a change in drop shape: a pinch-off at the electrode gap yields a peanut-shaped drop and a symmetry break-up of the EWOD-induced flow pattern. Viscosity of oil is also responsible for promoting an efficient damping of the capillary waves which populate the surface of the actuated drop. As a result, the capillary network switches from one standing wave to two superimposed traveling waves of different mechanical energy, provided that actuation frequency is large enough, for instance, as large as the one commonly used in electrowetting applications (f ∼ 500 Hz and beyond). Special emphasis is put on stirring of biological samples. As a typical application, it is demonstrated how beads or cell clusters can be focused under flow either at mid-height of the drop or near the wetting plane, depending on how the nature of the capillary waves is (standing or traveling), and therefore, depending on the actuation frequency (150 Hz-1 KHz).
Adipokines-AMPK Cross-Talk in Avian Species: A Translational Model for Human Obesity (2016)

Adipocytokines, or adipokines, are circulating hormones mainly produced by adipose tissue and are key regulators of whole body metabolism and immune homeostasis. Due to a rise in human obesity-related diseases, pathways related to metabolism are being studied using several animal models to identify key molecular signatures for development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. Previous work published in our laboratory has used chickens as a model for obesity because of its peculiarities that will be described in this article. In particular, recent advances in our understanding of adipokine AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) interactions in the regulation of energy balance will be summarized as well as facilitating the discussion by asking new questions which may open new vistas for future research.
A 2.5 V 0.13 &amp;#x03BC;m CMOS amplifier for a high-temperature sensor system (2009)

A high-temperature amplifier, designed and simulated in a 0.13 mum CMOS process, is presented. The amplifier is intended to operate in a wood chip digester used for pulp manufacture in which the ambient temperature can be as high as 180degC. Since the foundry provided modeled are valid up to 125degC, the amplifier along with its bias circuitry is simulated up to 125degC by considering a reasonable margin for the gain and gain bandwidth when temperature increases beyond 125degC. At 125degC, the amplifier has a DC gain of 69 dB, phase margin of 86deg and unity gain bandwidth of 4.13 MHz, while consuming 0.62 mW (excluding the bias circuitry) from a 2.5 V supply.
Isolated chondrons: a viable alternative for studies of chondrocyte metabolism in vitro (2021)

OBJECTIVE: To develop and test a simple enzymatic procedure for isolating chondrons, which consist of the chondrocytes and their surrounding pericellular microenvironment. DESIGN: Chondrons were obtained by digesting adult human articular cartilage with a mixture of dispase and collagenase. Chondrons and chondrocytes were cultured in alginate beads, immunofluorescence labeled and examined by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Comparison of freshly isolated chondrons with cryostat sections of cartilage revealed that type VI collagen, type II collagen and aggrecan were retained, but fibronectin and a unique chondroitin sulfate epitope recognized by the antibody, 7D4, were lost. Comparison of enzymatic and mechanical homogenization methods revealed subtle changes in chondron morphology and retention of fibronectin in mechanically isolated chondrons. Average yield of enzyme-isolated chondrons was slightly lower than that of chondrocytes isolated by pronase and collagenase digestion, but was much greater than that reported for mechanically isolated chondrons. Enzyme-isolated chondron viability was greater than 80% 1 day after isolation, and continued to be above 80% through 7 weeks of alginate bead culture. Viability of isolated chondrocytes was initially greater than 80% but fell to 60-80% with time in culture. Chondrons and isolated chondrocytes had a similar division rate except osteoarthritic chondrons were significantly slower after 2 weeks in culture. Cell division was more rapid for nonosteoarthritic chondrons than for osteoarthritic ones. CONCLUSIONS: Enzymatic isolation of chondrons is relatively simple, gives better yield and viability than mechanical isolation, but comparable yield and viability of traditional chondrocyte isolation. Enzymatic chondron isolation allows the effect of the in vivo-formed pericellular matrix on chondrocyte metabolism to be studied in vitro.
Hemodynamic Effects of 1:2 ECG-coupled Jet Ventilation in the Dog: A Comparison with Other Modes (1991)

In 16 closed-chest dogs the hemodynamics of ECG-coupled jet ventilation (JV) with frequencies of 1:1 (one breath for each cardiac systole) and 1:2 (one breath for every other cardiac systole) were compared to noncoupled JV and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV). Cardiac output was similar during 1:2 coupling (1.6 +/- 0.2 L/min) and IPPV (1.6 +/- 0.2 L/min) but decreased during 1:1 coupling (1.2 +/- 0.2 L/min) and noncoupled JV (1.3 +/- 0.2 L/min), p less than 0.05. During 1:2 coupling and IPPV, systemic arterial and transmural left atrial pressures were increased, and pulmonary artery, pericardial, and right atrial pressures were decreased in comparison to the other JV modes. Pulmonary blood volume was preserved during 1:2 coupling but decreased during 1:1 coupling and noncoupled JV. Coupling at 1:2 preserves output by maintaining left ventricular preload via a decrease in right atrial pressure and subsequent maintenance of systemic venous return.
1,3-Diethoxycarbonylallene: an active dienophile and ethoxycarbonylketen equivalent in the synthesis of antibiotic C-nucleosides (1977)

The remarkable ease with which 1,3-diethoxycarbonylallene (1) undergoes cycloaddition with furans and pyrroles, and the ability of this reagent to serve as an ethoxycarbonylketen equivalent are described.
Autologous platelet‐rich gel for facial rejuvenation and wrinkle amelioration: A pilot study (2018)

This preliminary study suggests that autologous platelet gels have desirable mechanical and bioactive properties and allows moderate wrinkle reduction and efficient facial volume reposition with natural results.
CD103+ Tissue Resident T-Lymphocytes Accumulate in Lung Metastases and Are Correlated with Poor Prognosis in ccRCC (2022)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly immunogenic tumor with variable responses to immune checkpoint therapy. The significance of the immune cell infiltrate in distant metastases, their association with the immune infiltrate in the primary tumors and their impact on prognosis are poorly described. We hypothesized that specific subtypes of immune cells may be involved in the control of metastases and may have an impact on the prognosis of ccRCC. We analyzed the immune microenvironment in ccRCC primary tumors with distant metastases, paired distant metastases and non-metastasized ccRCC (n = 25 each group) by immunohistochemistry. Confirmatory analyses for CD8+ and CD103+ cells were performed in a large ccRCC cohort (n = 241) using a TCGA-KIRC data set (ITGAE/CD103). High immune cell infiltration in primary ccRCC tumors was significantly correlated with the development of distant tumor metastasis (p < 0.05). A high density of CD103+ cells in ccRCC was more frequent in poorly differentiated tumors (p < 0.001). ccRCCs showed high levels of ITGAE/CD103 compared with adjacent non-neoplastic tissue. A higher density of CD103+ cells and a higher ITGAE/CD103 expression were significantly correlated with poor overall survival in ccRCC (log rank p < 0.05). Our results show a major prognostic value of the immune pattern, in particular CD103+ cell infiltration in ccRCC, and highlight the importance of the tumor immune microenvironment.
Constrained implicit function fitting (2003)

Describes techniques for stabilizing the implicit function fitting process. The key drawback of implicit function fitting methods described in literature thus far has been the stability with respect to outliners in the data. In this paper methods for stabilizing the implicit function fitting using additional constraints in the form of surface (curve) normals are described. These constraints eliminate the problem of sensitivity of the implicit function fitting method to outliners in the data. The authors demonstrate that in certain cases the fitting process can be reduced to a generalized eigenvalue problem that can be efficiently solved by standard numerical procedures. Preliminary experimental results with 2D curves consisting of point location and curve normal constraints as data are encouraging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Study of Anthracene Aerosols by Solid-State NMR and ESR (2003)

The condensed solids from three aerosols resulting from heating anthracene in a drop-tube furnace with a helium atmosphere at temperatures of 1250, 1300, and 1400 K were studied by carbon-13 solid-state NMR and by ESR methods. The 1250 K sample consisted almost entirely of unreacted anthracene. However, the proton T1 value of 17.6 s allowed the principal values of the carbon-13 chemical shift tensors to be measured by the FIREMAT experiment. The 1400 K sample appeared to be a two-component system; 9.5% (w/w) of the aerosol was extracted in dichloromethane. The extract (tar) from the 1400 K aerosol was analyzed in terms of a standard set of structural and lattice parameters. The average aromatic cluster size was found to be about 15 carbons with approximately 1.4 attachments per cluster. The NMR spectrum of the extraction residue (soot) of the 1400 K aerosol consisted of a broad featureless signal. The sample was very conductive, yielding a graphite-like factor of 0.47. The unpaired electron spin concentration was 1.2 × 1017 spins/g for the extract (tar) and 1.1 × 1020 spins/g for the residue (soot).
On-chip High Spectral Purity and Brightness Idler Single-Photon Source (2015)

Integrated quantum photonic circuits composed of femtosecond laser direct written waveguides (FLDWs) have allowed implementation of several quantum protocols [1], due to their advantages of fast prototyping and ease of 3D fabrication. Adding a single-photon source based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) to such circuits on one chip would eliminate coupling loss and promises 3D all-in-one quantum photonic processors. A key issue for such sources is achieving phase-matching in a low index contrast platform. Nevertheless, waveguide form birefringence was recently used to demonstrate this [2]. Here we use a different approach, exploiting stress birefringence introduced with explicit damage structures in the glass [3]. We note that the control of birefringence via stress tracks has great potential for state engineering [4] as the effective nonlinearity can be modulated by adjusting the damage track offset along the propagation direction while keeping the main waveguide optimised for nonlinear interaction.
Study of partial melting at high-pressure using<i>in situ</i>X-ray diffraction (2006)

The high-pressure melting behavior of different iron alloys was investigated using the classical synchrotron-based in situ X-ray diffraction techniques. As they offer specific advantages and disadvantages, both energy-dispersive (EDX) and angle-dispersive (ADX) X-ray diffraction methods were performed at the BL04B1 beamline of SPring8 (Japan) and at the ID27-30 beamline of the ESRF (France), respectively. High-pressure vessels and pressure ranges investigated include the Paris–Edinburgh press from 2 to 17 GPa, the SPEED-1500 multi-anvil press from 10 to 27 GPa, and the laser-heated diamond anvil cell from 15 to 60 GPa. The onset of melting (at the solidus or eutectic temperature) can be easily detected using EDX because the grains start to rotate relative to the X-ray beam, which provokes rapid and drastic changes with time of the peak growth rate. Then, the degree of melting can be determined, using both EDX and ADX, from the intensity of diffuse X-ray scattering characteristic of the liquid phase. This diffuse contribution can be easily differentiated from the Compton diffusion of the pressure medium because they have different shapes in the diffraction patterns. Information about the composition and/or about the structure of the liquid phase can then be extracted from the shape of the diffuse X-ray scattering.
Synthesis of Stable Organo(bis-silanetriols): X-Ray Powder Structure of 1,4-Bis(trihydroxysilyl)benzene (2000)

Das Zusammenspiel hydrophiler und hydrophober Wechselwirkungen könnte eine Triebkraft bei der Bildung geordneter zweidimensionaler Bereiche in den Strukturen von Bis-Silantriolen sein. Die Synthesen der ersten stabilen Verbindungen dieses Typs werden beschrieben sowie deren durch Röntgen-Pulverdiffraktometrie aufgeklärte Strukturen (siehe Bild). Zwischen benachbarten Silanol-Einheiten wurden Wasserstoffbrücken nachgewiesen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2000/z15394_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Colorectal anatomy in adults at computed tomography colonography: normal distribution and the effect of age, sex, and body mass index (2009)

Our results define the normal distribution of colorectal anatomy in an asymptomatic adult cohort, and may help to facilitate both colonoscopy training efforts and design of novel endoscopic devices. The transverse colon was the major determinant in length differences according to age, sex, and BMI, and was significantly longer in older adults, women, and thinner adults, respectively.
Simulation of correlated diffusion of Si and B in thermally grown SiO2 (2004)

Simultaneous diffusion of Si and B in thermally grown SiO2 is modeled taking into account the effect of SiO molecules generated at the Si∕SiO2 interface and diffusing into SiO2 to enhance both Si and B diffusion. Based on the model, we simulated experimental profiles of coimplanted Si30 and B in SiO228, which showed increasing diffusivities with decreasing distance from the interface. The simulation results show that the SiO diffusion is so slow that the SiO concentration at the near-surface region critically depends on the distance from the interface. In addition, the simulation explains that the diffusivities of both Si and B increase with longer annealing times because more SiO molecules arrive from the interface. Furthermore, we examined the effect of high-concentration B on the diffusivities of Si and B in SiO2, both of which increase with higher B concentration. The experimental results were simulated assuming that the diffusivity of SiO, which enhances the diffusivities of Si and B, increases with higher B concentration. The present results indicate that Si and B diffusion in SiO2 are correlated via SiO molecules; namely, the enhancement of SiO diffusion at high B concentrations also causes enhanced diffusion of both Si and B.
Implementation of population balance models in Computational Fluid Dynamics codes and coupling with Molecular Dynamics (2013)

In this work a new approach for calculating the rate of formation of polymer nanoparticles in solvent-displacement precipitation processes is presented. The work is motivated by the fact that the standard expressions obtained from the classic nucleation theory seem not to be adequate to describe nucleation of particles primarily constituted by polymer molecules, due to the many approximations involved. A new expression for the nucleation rate is therefore derived and molecular dynamics simulations (carried out with Gromacs) are used to obtain all the missing parameters involved. This expression is then implemented together with the classical one into a population balance model that accounts for particle formation, molecular growth and aggregation. The population balance model is implemented in a computational fluid dynamics code (i.e. Fluent) and solved with the quadrature method of moments. Resulting in turbulent flow conditions, the model is treated with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation approach and coupled with a micromixing model (i.e. direct quadrature method of moments coupled with the interaction and exchange with the mean model. The model is finally validated against experimental data obtained for a polycaprolactone solvent-displacement precipitation process carried out in a confined impinging jets mixer and using water and acetone as anti-solvent and solvent. Predictions result in good agreement demonstrating therefore the overall validity of the approach
Miniaturisation: Enabling technology for the new millennium (2001)

The history of semiconductor devices has been characterized by a constant drive towards lower dimensions in order to increase integration density, system functionality and performance. However, this is still far from being comparable with the performance of natural systems such as human brain. The challenges facing semiconductor technologies in the m illeniurn will be to m ove towards mm iaturization. The influence ofthis trend on the quntum sensing ofinfrared radiation is one example that is elaborated here. A new generation of infrared detectors has been developed by growing layers of different semiconductors with nanometer thicknesses. The resulted badgap engineered semiconductor has superior performance compared to the bulk material. To enhance this technology further, we plan to move from quantum wells to quantum wire and quantum dots. 1.INTRODUCTION The 2O' century has witnessed the phenomenal rise ofNatural Science and Technology into all aspects ofhuman life. Three major sciences have emerged and marked this century: Physical Science which has strived to understand the structure of atoms through quantum mechanics, Life Science which has attempted to understand the structure of cells and the mechanisms of life through biology and genetics. and Information Science which has symbiotically developed the communicative and computational means to advance Natural Science. I PhySK il Sctene Qrnchams ttOftHcStruCtur& . •Scmiconductors . I •Superconducto •SrnIIatIoL1 I 'Polymers •Interconnection i— j ____ Iatura1 ; • Information Science Science Electronics ' __) •Artiicia S[mUatk)I1 Neural Networks •Interconncction •Fuzzy I ogle
28-Gb/s ×24-channel on-board optical transceiver operated under an air-cooling environment (2017)

We demonstrate a 28-Gb/s × 24-channel on-board optical transceiver operated under an air-cooling environment. The optical transceiver realizes a data rate density as high as 1.34 Tb/s/inch <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a total power consumption of 9.1 W. A unique packaging structure of the transceiver enables using the whole top surface for thermal dissipation by the aid of air-cooling heatsink. The optical module realizes a case temperature of less than 70 °C with a wind velocity of 2.5 m/s and an ambient temperature of 40 °C when operating all 24 channels.
Erythrocytes (RBCs) of humans with Type 2 diabetes (DM2) release ATP in response to activation of the prostacyclin receptor (IPR) but not in response to low PO <sub>2</sub> (2010)

The ability of RBCs to release ATP when exposed to low O 2 permits these cells to participate in the matching of O2 delivery with demand in skeletal muscle. We previously reported that ATP release in response to low PO 2 requires activation of the G protein, Gi and that both low O 2 ‐induced ATP release and Gai2 expression are impaired in DM2 RBCs. Since human RBCs also express the Gs‐coupled prostacyclin receptor (IPR), whose activation similarly results in ATP release, we hypothesized that, in contrast to low O 2 tension, IPR‐mediated ATP release is preserved in RBCs of humans with DM2. Healthy human (HH) and DM2 RBCs were isolated and incubated with iloprost (ILO, 1 μM), an IPR agonist. We determined that ILO increased ATP release by 328 ± 92% in HH RBCs (n=13, P&lt;0.05) and by 557±149% (n=10, P&lt;0.01), a value which was significantly greater than that observed for HH RBCs. Interestingly, in DM2 patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c = 7, n=3), ILO‐induced ATP release did not differ from that of HH. However, in individuals with poor glycemic control (HbA1c = 9.4±0.4, n=7), ILO‐induced ATP release was significantly greater (771±150%). These results demonstrate that IPR‐mediated ATP release is conserved in DM2 with the magnitude of ATP release in response to activation of the IPR receptor pathway increasing as glycemic control worsens. Funded by NIH grants HL‐64180 and HL‐89094.
Wound status evaluation using color image processing (1997)

An accurate diagnosis of burns and pressure ulcers in the early stages can be made by computerized image processing. This study describes a critical assessment of potential methodologies for noninvasive wound evaluation using a color imaging system. We also developed a method for quantifying histological readings and applied these techniques to a porcine animal model of wound formation. Differences in calibrated hue between injured and noninjured skin provided a repeatable differentiation of wound severity for situations when the time of injury was known. This color analysis allowed statistically significant differentiation of mild, moderate, and severe injuries within 30 minutes after the application of the injury. It was more difficult to distinguish wound severity one to four days later, however the correlation re-emerged when the wounds were five to seven days old. This technique could be adapted for assessing and tracking wound severity in humans in a clinical setting.
Graphical representation of the effects of antenna locations on path loss data [aircraft EMI] (2004)

The use of portable wireless technology has increased dramatically over the past few years. This increased use has caused a heightened concern for electromagnetic interference from wireless-enabled technologies, such as laptop computers and cellular phones to aircraft communication and navigation radios. Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center, United Airlines and Eagles Wings Incorporated, have tested and collected interference path loss data on a United out-of-service B737 aircraft near Victorville, CA. This paper summarizes the results found from the measured data sets as well as includes graphical representations of the interference path loss data on a B737 plane with different system antennas.