gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction to Application of a Catalytic Asymmetric Povarov Reaction using Chiral Ureas to the Synthesis of a Tetrahydroquinoline Library (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Application of a Catalytic Asymmetric Povarov Reaction using Chiral Ureas to the Synthesis of a Tetrahydroquinoline LibraryBaudouin Gerard, Morgan Welzel O'Shea, Etienne Donckele, Sarathy Kesavan, Lakshmi B. Akella, Hao Xu, Eric N. Jacobsen, and Lisa A. Marcaurelle*Cite this: ACS Comb. Sci. 2014, 16, 1, 46Publication Date (Web):December 20, 2013Publication History Published online20 December 2013Published inissue 13 January 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/co400123xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/co400123xcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1136Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (141 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chemical structure,Enantioselective synthesis,Urea Get e-Alerts
Imaging Intelligence: AI Is Transforming Medical Imaging Across the Imaging Spectrum (2018)

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have influenced medicine in myriad ways, and medical imaging is at the forefront of technological transformation. Recent advances in AI/ML fields have made an impact on imaging and image analysis across the board, from microscopy to radiology. AI has been an active field of research since the 1950s; however, for most of this period, algorithms achieved subhuman performance and were not broadly adopted in medicine. Recent enhancements for computational hardware is enabling researchers to revisit old AI algorithms and experiment with new mathematical ideas. Researchers are applying these methods to a broad array of medical technologies, ranging from microscopic image analysis to tomographic image reconstruction and diagnostic planning.
Capillary Electrophoretic Method for the Detection of Bacterial Contamination (2006)

There has been growing interest in separations-based techniques for the identification and characterization of microorganisms because of the versatility, selectivity, sensitivity, and short analysis times of these methods. A related area of analysis that is scientifically and commercially important is the determination of the presence or complete absence of microbes (in essence, a test for sample sterility). In such a test, it is not of immediate importance to identify a particular microorganism, but rather, to know with a high degree of certainty whether any organism(s) is (are) present. Current regulations require culture-based tests that can take up to 2 weeks to complete. As a rapid alternative, capillary electrophoresis-based methods are examined. Experimental formats are developed that promote the consolidation of all cell types into a single zone (peak) which is separated from the electroosmotic flow front and any other interfering molecular constituents. This process can be accomplished using a segment of dilute cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, which serves to temporarily reverse the migration direction of the cells, and another segment of solution containing a "blocking agent", which serves to stop the cell migration and focus them into a narrow zone. Relatively wide-bore capillaries can be used to increase sample size. This approach appears to be effective for a broad spectrum of bacteria, and analyses times are less than 10 min.
Divided-pulse amplification with fiber-coupled electro-optic modulators (2017)

In this contribution, we present a spatio-temporal coherent beam combining setup in a proof-of-principle experiment with an entirely fiber-coupled front-end. Unlike in previous experiments, where the temporal pulse division was achieved using free-space optical delay lines, the pulses are taken directly from the pulse train of the oscillator. Thereby, the free-space paths and the alignment requirement are cut in half. The combination inevitably remains in free-space considering application in high-power lasers. For the combination of 4 temporally separated pulses, a combining efficiency larger than 95% is demonstrated. The efficiency is largely independent of the combined pulse energy and temporal contrasts close to the theoretically estimated maximum are reached. Potentially, this approach allows for self-optimization of the combination due to the many degrees of freedom accessible with the electro-optic modulators.
Long-Term Results of Radioscapholunate Fusion Following Fractures of the Distal Radius (1997)

Fifteen patients with radioscapholunate (RSL) fusion for traumatic lesions of the radiocarpal junction, whose short-term results have been previously reported, were reassessed after an average follow-up time of 8 years. Five patients had undergone wrist fusion because of non-union or early progressive arthritis. Of the ten wrists with retained mobility, eight continued to function satisfactorily. Two wrists were painful for reasons other than secondary midcarpal arthritis. Patient satisfaction was comparable in both groups with the wrist score better for wrists with residual motion. The survival of RSL partial wrist fusion corresponded inversely with the number of preceding operations and the range of motion before partial fusion. Secondary midcarpal arthritis, if present, arose early and was well tolerated. Failures were strongly linked to technical mistakes and complications.
An antibody library for stabilizing and crystallizing membrane proteins – selecting binders to the citrate carrier CitS (2004)

Co-crystallization of membrane proteins with antibody fragments may emerge as a general tool to facilitate crystal growth and improve crystal quality. The bound antibody fragment enlarges the hydrophilic part of the mostly hydrophobic membrane protein, thereby increasing the interaction area for possible protein-protein contacts in the crystal. Additionally, it may restrain flexible parts or lock the membrane protein in a defined conformational state. For successful co-crystallization trials, the antibody fragments must be stable in detergents during the extended period of crystal growth and must be easily produced in amounts necessary for crystallography. Therefore, we constructed a library of antibody Fab fragments from a framework subset of the HuCAL GOLD library (Morphosys, Munich, Germany). By combining the most stable and well expressed frameworks, V(H)3 and V(kappa)3, with the further stabilizing constant domains, a Fab library with the desired properties was obtained in a standard phage display format. As a proof of principle, we selected binders with phage display against the detergent-solubilized citrate transporter CitS of Klebsiella pneumoniae. We describe efficient methods for the immobilization of the membrane protein during selection, for ELISA screening, and for BIAcore evaluation. We demonstrate that the selected Fab fragments form stable complexes with native CitS and recognize conformational epitopes with affinities in the low nanomolar range.
Development of a Method for Rapid Characterization of Combustion Properties of Biodiesels (2007)

Knowledge of the combustion and pollutant emission characteristics is an important part in the develop ment and application of biodiesel fuels. A technique for the rapid characterization of flame radiation prop erties and emission characteristics of liquid biodiesels w as developed for this purpose. A 9.525 mm inner dia meter stainless steel tube was used as the burner. The liquid fuel was injected into a heated air stre am at known rates with the use of a syringe pump; the feed line was heated (temperatures of 425 o C) to pre-vaporize the fuel before burning to avoid the effects of evapora tion parameters on combustion. The temperatures of the fuel and air were monitored with K-type thermocouples embedded within the feed lines. Two testing conditions were studied: (Case 1) consisting of a p remixed methane-air flame which functioned as an ignition and stabilizer of the burning liquid fuel vapor and (Case 2) in which a methane-air flame used as an i gnition source and was shut off after the onset of the burn ing of the liquid fuel vapor. For both test conditi ons, the premixed methane-air flame was issued from a stainless steel tubular burner (9.525 mm inner diameter). Commercially available petroleum-based No. 2 diesel fuel and canola methyl ester (CME) biodiesel were tested. Radiation measurements were made with a high-sensitivity pyrheliometer. For Case 1, the baseli ne methane-air flame radiation and background radiation was documented and subtracted from the combined flame radiation to obtain the radiation from the bu rning liquid vapor. The background radiation was subtracted from the measured radiation in Case 2. The radiant fraction of heat release was computed f or both cases. It was found that the radiant heat fra ction for the Case 1 flames was about 5-10% higher than that of the Case 2 flames for the same injection fl ow rates. It was also observed that the radiative heat fraction for the CME biodiesel was less than that f or the No.2 diesel fuel due to the low amount of so ot produced. NO and CO emission measurements were also taken for the Case 2 flames and analyzed. This method provides a quick way of determining the pollutant emission potential of newly-developed liquid biofuels.
Characterizing the pathogenic, genomic, and chemical traits of <i>Aspergillus fischeri</i> , a close relative of the major human fungal pathogen <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2018)

Abstract Aspergillus fischeri is closely related to Aspergillus fumigatus , the major cause of invasive mold infections. Even though A. fischeri is commonly found in diverse environments, including hospitals, it rarely causes invasive disease; why that is so is unclear. Comparison of A. fischeri and A. fumigatus for diverse pathogenic, genomic, and secondary metabolic traits revealed multiple differences for pathogenesis-related phenotypes, including that A. fischeri is less virulent than A. fumigatus in multiple animal models of disease, grows slower in low oxygen environments, and is more sensitive to oxidative stress. In contrast, the two species exhibit high genomic similarity; ~90% of the A. fumigatus proteome is conserved in A. fischeri , including 48/49 genes known to be involved in A. fumigatus virulence. However, only 10/33 A. fumigatus biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) likely involved in secondary metabolite production are conserved in A. fischeri and only 13/48 A. fischeri BGCs are conserved in A. fumigatus . Detailed chemical characterization of A. fischeri cultures grown on multiple substrates identified multiple secondary metabolites, including two new compounds and one never before isolated as a natural product. Interestingly, an A. fischeri deletion mutant of laeA , a master regulator of secondary metabolism, produced fewer secondary metabolites and in lower quantities, suggesting that regulation of secondary metabolism is at least partially conserved. These results suggest that the non-pathogenic A. fischeri possesses many of the genes important for A. fumigatus pathogenicity but is divergent with respect to its ability to thrive under host-relevant conditions and its secondary metabolism. Importance Aspergillus fumigatus is the primary cause of aspergillosis, a devastating ensemble of diseases associated with severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. A. fischeri is a close relative of A. fumigatus , but is not generally observed to cause human disease. To gain insights into the underlying causes of this remarkable difference in pathogenicity, we compared two representative strains (one from each species) for a range of host-relevant biological and chemical characteristics. We found that disease progression in multiple A. fischeri mouse models was slower and caused less mortality than A. fumigatus . The two species also exhibited different growth profiles when placed in a range of stress-inducing conditions encountered during infection, such as low levels of oxygen and the presence of reactive oxygen species-inducing agents. Interestingly, we also found that the vast majority of A. fumigatus genes known to be involved in virulence are conserved in A. fischeri , whereas the two species differ significantly in their secondary metabolic pathways. These similarities and differences that we identified are the first step toward understanding the evolutionary origin of a major fungal pathogen.
A brief overview on the development of wood research (2021)

Abstract Wood science covers in particular the areas of the formation and composition as well as the chemical, biological and physical-mechanical properties of wood. First comprehensive studies have already been published in the last century. Detailed knowledge of wood is required for the processing of wood, the production of wood-based materials, and the utilization of wood and wood-based materials as buildings and various other products such as furniture. This review gives a brief overview on the progress in wood chemistry, wood biology (including photosynthesis and biodeterioration), and physical-mechanical properties of wood and wood-based materials. These fundamentals are also essential for understanding technological processes and product development.
Approach and Specimen Handling Do Not Influence Oncological Perioperative and Long-Term Outcomes After Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy (2009)

Differences in perioperative outcomes attributable to the specific approach (standard vs hand assisted) and the method of specimen handling (morcellation vs intact extraction) at laparoscopic radical nephrectomy have minimal clinical significance. There are no discernible differences in long-term oncological efficacy. The choice of approach and specimen handling for laparoscopic radical nephrectomy can be based on surgeon and patient preference, cosmetic considerations and other factors.
Tailored Polarization Conversion and Light‐Energy Recycling for Highly Linearly Polarized White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2020)

Abstract Directly linearly polarized light emission from organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), as an important functional expansion, is an intriguing and attractive research topic due to its increasing importance in various applications. Until now, however, the limited efficiency and inadequate polarization ratio constitute two major hurdles for real application. In this work, high‐efficiency linearly polarized white OLEDs with an ultrahigh polarization ratio are achieved by using integrated dielectric/metal nanograting and nanorelief speckle image holography metasurfaces. In the devices, the integrated grating behave as a polarizer to select the transverse magnetic wave (TM) component and simultaneously reflect the transverse electric wave (TE) counterpart over the whole emission spectrum, while the metasurfaces gather the otherwise waste TE‐polarized light reflected by the grating and transform it into reusable TM‐polarized light. This synergistic energy‐light recycling system leads to dramatically boosted device efficiency and polarization ratio, i.e., a power efficiency 21.4 lm W −1 (@ 1000 cd m −2 ), and an extinction ratio of 17.8 dB (@ V = 5 V) for the polarized white OLEDs. The presented paradigm for simultaneous polarization controlling and efficiency boosting in white OLEDs is expected to advance the OLED techniques in device reconfigurability for future multifunctional applications.
6‐[<sub> </sub><sup>18</sup>F]Fluoro‐L‐DOPA and Cerebral Blood Flow in UnilaterallyMPTP‐Treated Monkeys (1993)

Intravenous administration of 15O-labeled water and 6-[18F]-L-fluorodopa were used to assess abnormal striatal activity in monkeys after long-term recovery of unilateral lesions of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal system induced by the neurotoxin MPTP. PET data were examined in relation to behavioral and biological parameters. Cerebral blood flow and 6-[18F]-L-DOPA uptake were found to be significantly reduced in the lesioned striatum, compared to the unaffected side and to normal controls. There was no correlation between cerebral blood flow and any of the behavioral parameters. The uptake rate constant of 18F-DOPA from blood to striatum and the ratios of striatum to occipital areas were highly correlated to the concentrations of homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of the same animals but not to the rotational behavior. This MPTP-induced model of striatal dopamine deficiency in primates presents similarities with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and may be used to evaluate the effects of dopaminergic lesions and transplants on brain function.
WHAT IS AN ENGINEER: STUDY DESCRIPTION AND CODEBOOOK DEVELOPMENT (2021)

There are still many questions to answer regarding the implementation and ongoing use of the CEAB graduate attributes (GAs) to guide engineering education content and student progression. How well doour students know and understand the twelve GAs? Which ones do they find most important? Do the knowledge and importance of the GAs vary over the course of students’ programs, or among institutions? Do students’ definitions of an engineer reflect the GAs? How do the definitions reflect students’ evolving understanding of engineering identity? Given the similarity of purpose, philosophy, and complementarity of questions and methods regarding the student perspective on engineering, the GAs, and their development, researchers from three institutions across Canada joined forces to conduct a national study. The overarching objectives of the study are to provide insight on how undergraduate students’ engineering identities develop through the course of their programs using the CEAB GAs as a normative framework, and enable meaningful comparisons of the GAs rankings and learning cultures at the three institutions. The objectives of this paper are to present an overview of the study development, and describe the methods used to develop the French and English codebooks for analysis of the qualitative data. We discuss the disambiguation of the codes and lexicon with particular attention to the concepts of professionalism and leadership and the emergence of three inductive codes: Engineering Work, Societal Improvement, and Personal Characteristics. We close the paper with a few words on future work.
Probability estimation in multi-relational domains (2005)

Modern businesses collect and store vast amounts of data on business transactions, customers, and accounting activities. The data format provides the necessary flexibility to represent different entities and the relations between them to capture the reality of complex business domains. The analysis of data in a format with multiple entity types in different tables traditionally required the manual construction of variables using summary statistics and aggregates such as recency, frequency, and average price. This manual process has become not only increasingly more time consuming as the complexity of domains increased, but also involves significant loss of information, and prevents the discovery of interesting novel relationships. 
The objective of this dissertation is to develop a reliable modeling approach that provides good generalization performance on noisy domains. For this purpose we study, theoretically and empirically, the properties of classification methods in general and of aggregation methods for automated feature construction in particular. 
Our theoretical contributions to the statistical learning literature include: (1) The presentation of a hierarchy of concepts of increasing complexity, using schema characteristics such as cardinality, and the derivation of classes of aggregation operators that are needed to express and learn these concepts; (2) The analysis of desirable properties of aggregation operators for predictive modeling with the ultimate goal of limiting the loss of predictive information while providing a suitable representation for model induction; (3) The formalization of a relational fixed-effect model, that extends the traditional Naive Bayes classifier to domains and makes three simplifying assumptions: class-conditional independence between attributes and bags, independent identically distributed (iid) samples of related objects, and the existence of only two distributions from which related objects could have been drawn; (4) The derivation of a new class of aggregation operators that take advantage of conditioning on the class label to produce predictive features that improve generalization performance; (5) The exploration of opportunities arising from the aggregation of object identifiers including the ability to learn from unobserved object characteristics and the learning of concepts that violate the above mentioned assumptions. 
This new aggregation and feature construction approach is implemented in a prototype for Automated Construction of Relational Features, (henceforth ACoRA). A large-scale empirical evaluation of ACoRA's generalization performance on classification and probability estimation tasks shows superior performance over alternative aggregation methods across a variety of complex and noisy application domains, including direct marketing for online retailing, citation-based document classification, medical diagnostics, prediction of bank-loan default, customer classification for life insurance, and terrorist identification.
Characterization of a direct dc-excited discharge in water by optical emission spectroscopy (2009)

Dc-excited discharges generated in water at the tip of a tungsten wire which is located at the orifice of a quartz capillary are investigated by time-averaged optical emission spectroscopy.\nTwo distinctive discharge modes are observed. For small conductivities of the liquid the discharge is a streamer-like discharge in the liquid itself (liquid mode). For conductivities above typically 45 mu S cm(-1) a large vapour bubble is formed and a streamer discharge in this vapour bubble is observed (bubble mode).\nPlasma temperatures and electron densities are investigated for both modes. The gas temperature is estimated from the rotational temperature of N-2 (C-B) and is 1600 +/- 200K for the bubble mode and 1900 +/- 200K for the liquid mode. The rotational temperature of OH (A-X) is up to 2 times larger and cannot be used as an estimate for the gas temperature. The rotational population distribution of OH(A), nu = 0 is also non-Boltzmann with a large overpopulation of high rotational states. This discrepancy in rotational temperatures is discussed in detail.\nElectron densities are obtained from the Stark broadening of the hydrogen Balmer beta line. The electron densities in the liquid mode are of the order of 10(21) m(-3). In the bubble mode electron densities are significantly smaller: (3-4) x 10(20) m(-3). These values are compared with the Stark broadening of the hydrogen alpha and gamma lines and with electron densities obtained from current density measurements. The chemical reactivities of the bubble and liquid modes are compared by means of the hydrogen peroxide production rate.