gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermediate Alcohol-Gasoline Blends, Fuels for Enabling Increased Engine Efficiency and Powertrain Possibilities (2014)

The present study experimentally investigates spark-ignited combustion with 87 AKI E0 gasoline in its neat form and in mid-level alcohol-gasoline blends with 24% vol./vol. iso-butanol-gasoline (IB24) and 30% vol./vol. ethanol-gasoline (E30). A single-cylinder research engine is used with a low and high compression ratio of 9.2:1 and 11.85:1 respectively. The engine is equipped with hydraulically actuated valves, laboratory intake air, and is capable of external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). All fuels are operated to full-load conditions with =1, using both 0% and 15% external cooled EGR. The results demonstrate that higher octane number bio-fuels better utilize higher compression ratios with high stoichiometric torque capability. Specifically, the unique properties of ethanol enabled a doubling of the stoichiometric torque capability with the 11.85:1 compression ratio using E30 as compared to 87 AKI, up to 20 bar IMEPg at =1 (with 15% EGR, 18.5 bar with 0% EGR). EGR was shown to provide thermodynamic advantages with all fuels. The results demonstrate that E30 may further the downsizing and downspeeding of engines by achieving increased low speed torque, even with high compression ratios. The results suggest that at mid-level alcohol-gasoline blends, engine and vehicle optimization can offset the reduced fuel energy content of alcohol-gasoline more » blends, and likely reduce vehicle fuel consumption and tailpipe CO2 emissions. « less
Correlation of hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C‐MRI data with tissue extract measurements (2020)

Hyperpolarized (HP) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math> MRI provides the means to monitor lactate metabolism noninvasively in tumours. Since <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math> -lactate signal levels obtained from HP <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math> imaging depend on multiple factors, such as the rate of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math> substrate delivery via the vasculature, the expression level of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the local lactate pool size, the interpretation of HP <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math> metabolic images remains challenging. In this study, ex vivo tissue extract measurements (i.e., NMR isotopomer analysis, western blot analysis) derived from an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model in nude rats were used to test for correlations between the in vivo <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math> data and the ex vivo measures. The lactate-to-pyruvate ratio from HP <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math> MRI was strongly correlated with [1- <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math> ]lactate concentration measured from the extracts using NMR (R = 0.69, p <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:math> 0.05), as well as negatively correlated with tumour wet weight (R = <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:math> 0.60, p <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:math> 0.05). In this tumour model, both MCT1 and MCT4 expressions were positively correlated with wet weight ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi></mml:math> = 0.78 and 0.93, respectively, p <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:math> 0.01). Lactate pool size and the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio were not significantly correlated.
Abstract 5323: Chemical inhibitors of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX1) suppress tumor invasion and metastasis (2020)

Abstract Purpose: Quiescin Sulfhydryl Oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an enzyme over-expressed by tumor cells. Our group and others have shown that QSOX1 is involved in invasion and metastasis. We previously reported that a small molecule, SBI-183, inhibited the enzymatic activity of QSOX1 and suppressed tumor cell invasion in vitro and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells in vivo. In our current work we tested SPX-009, an analog of SBI-183 with increased potency, to suppress invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Commercially available analogs for SBI-183 were screened in a cell-free fluorescent screening assay for the ability to inhibit QSOX1. Analog compounds that inhibited QSOX1 in a concentration-dependent manner were then tested for the ability to inhibit growth and invasion of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (MDA-MB-231), sarcomatoid kidney cancer cells (RCJ-41T2) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (MIAPaCa2). MTT assays were used to measure the effect of the compounds on tumor growth. 2D invasion assays and 3D tumor spheroid assays were employed to measure the effect of the analogs on invasion. One potent analog (SPX-009) was evaluated for the ability to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in mice bearing MDA-MB-231-luc breast cancer orthotopic xenografts. Results: Three of 53 analogs inhibited the enzymatic activity of QSOX1 at levels similar to the parent compound. However, one of those compounds, SPX-009, suppressed invasion of breast, kidney and pancreas tumor cells in 2D and 3D invasion assays at &amp;gt;10-fold lower concentrations than the parent compound (SBI-183). In a non-metastatic xenograft of kidney cancer SBI-183 suppressed primary kidney tumor growth by 51%, but in a metastatic xenograft breast cancer model (MDA-MB-231-luc TNBC), SBI-183 reduced lung metastasis by 76% compared to control. Human-mouse xenograft studies are ongoing with the more potent analog (SPX-009) and will also be presented. Conclusions: Chemical inhibitors of QSOX1 have a minor effect on tumor cell viability, but a major effect on tumor cell invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. This finding suggests that combining a QSOX1 inhibitor with a cytotoxic agent might provide a means to inhibit metastasis of cells that are resistant to cytotoxic agents. Citation Format: Amber Fifield, Thai H. Ho, Douglas O. Faigel, Sergei Svarovsky, Eduard Sergienko, Thomas C. Chung, Douglas F. Lake. Chemical inhibitors of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX1) suppress tumor invasion and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5323.
Melatonin Treatment for Tardive Dyskinesia (2001)

This is the first clinical evidence for efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of TD.
Rationalization for the molecular weight distributions of Coal pyrolysis liquids (1990)

Abstract A model for coal thermal depolymerization is described and used to predict molecular weight distributions (MWD) of primary coal pyrolysis liquids. The model assumes that rupture of kinetically similar bonds in the coal is the preferred pathway for release of oligomers which ultimately become tars or extractables. The analysis provides the liquids MWD as a probability function of finding different oligomers composed of whole integer numbers of monomers and it is in excellent qualitative agreement with measured MWDs of coal pyrolysis liquids. The predicted MWDs are of the form of the gamma distribution function (GDF), and its parameters are interpreted in terms of the postulated chemistry of coal thermal depolymerization. Consequently, successful empirical correlations of experimental data on coal pyrolysis liquids MWDs with the GDF are better understood. Thus a protocol is provided to predict MWDs of pyrolysis liquids from knowledge of coal molecular structure.
Covalent Hemin–DNA Adducts for Generating a Novel Class of Artificial Heme Enzymes (2005)

Well-defined conjugates between DNA and heme enzymes are accessible by the reconstitution of apo-enzymes with covalent hemin-DNA adducts (see picture). This concept allows access to novel redox catalysts with programmable binding properties that may be applied as biocatalysts, sensors, and biomaterials.
Resilience Planning Simulation Framework for Strom Hardening and Recovery (2022)

Resilience improvements represent major strategic objectives of any critical infrastructure sector, including electric power. Continuous improvement of power system resilience requires a well-thought strategic vision, well-executed action plans, an effective mechanism for allocation of capital and prioritization of resilience investment options under financial constraints. Electric utilities respond to storm events that affects the continuity of power supply. Since resilience investments directly affect the number and duration of outages in the aftermath of an adverse event, the avoided cost of restoration needs to be considered in assessing the cost-benefit of investments. Investments and improvements to the restoration process are complementary to, and at times an alternative to, investment in grid hardening, and for that reason they must be considered as they are directly correlated to the cost and duration of the restoration process. In this paper, we have first outlined a typical utility restoration process and proposed key resilience metrics that can be used to capture the benefits of resilience investments. Following, we have proposed a resilience optimization framework that can potentially enable electric utilities to strategically plan for and efficiently respond to historically low-probability, high-consequence disruptive events that are now happening with increasing frequency. Finally, the paper also introduces a case study that captures the operational investments in improvements to the restoration process.
Phase I Nuclide Partition Laboratory Study Influence of Cellulose Degradation Products on the Transport of Nuclides from SRS Shallow Land Burial (1999)

The results of these studies clearly demonstrate that both pH and organic matter have a significant influence on europium and uranium mobility in SRS shallow waste burial environments.
Design and On-Wafer Characterization of $G$ -Band SiGe HBT Low-Noise Amplifiers (2016)

This paper presents the design and thorough on-wafer characterization of two G-band low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) implemented using 0.13-μm silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with peak f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 300/500 GHz. The impact of the substrate network and optimized via interconnections on the SiGe HBT performance is investigated to ensure that maximum performance is extracted from each SiGe HBT. The two LNAs are separately implemented using only cascode pairs and only common-emitter (CE) SiGe HBTs to determine which configuration yields better performance in a multistage G-band LNA. The cascode LNA achieves a peak gain of 24.0 dB at 158 GHz with a mean noise figure (NF) of 8.2 dB from 145 to 165 GHz, while the CE LNA achieves a 17.2 dB of gain at 183 GHz with a mean NF of 8.0 dB across 165-200 GHz. A novel implementation of blackbody noise sources for on-wafer Y-factor NF measurements reduces the waveguide length needed to transition between the antenna and the probe, which significantly reduces the sensitivity to jitter. To the authors' knowledge, these LNAs achieve the lowest reported NF of all SiGe LNAs at these frequencies to date, and the results demonstrate that SiGe HBTs are viable options for millimeter-wave performance-constrained applications.
International consensus recommendations for management of new onset refractory status epilepticus including febrile <scp>infection‐related</scp> epilepsy syndrome: Statements and supporting evidence (2022)

This detailed analysis offers insight into the supporting evidence and the current gaps in the literature that are associated with expert consensus statements related to NORSE/FIRES. The recommendations generated by this consensus can be used as a guide for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients with NORSE/FIRES, and for planning of future research.
In Vitro Comparative Assessment of Mechanical Blood Damage Induced by Different Hemodialysis Treatments (2015)

Gradual deterioration of red blood cells (RBCs) due to mechanical stress (chronic hemolysis) is unavoidable during treatments that involve extracorporeal blood circulation, such as hemodialysis (HD). This effect is generally undetectable and does not generate any acute symptoms, but it leads to an increase in plasma free hemoglobin (fHb). There are no absolute safety levels for fHb increase, indicating the need for an empirical evaluation using comparative testing. The increase in fHb levels was investigated in vitro by applying double-needle double-pump HD (HD-DNDP), a new modality in which arterial and venous pumps both run continuously. fHb was measured during typical and worst-case simulated dialysis treatments (double-needle single-pump HD [HD-DNSP], hemodiafiltration [HDF-DN], single-needle double-pump HD [HD-SNDP], and HD-DNDP) performed in vitro using bovine blood for 4 h. Hemolysis-related indices (fHb%; index of hemolysis, IH; and normalized IH) were calculated and used for comparison. The increase in fHb during either HDF-DN or HD-SNDP with Artis and AK200 dialysis machines was similar, while the fHb at the maximum real blood flow rate (Qbreal ) at the completion of the HD-DNDP treatment on Artis was higher than that for HD-DNSP using a Phoenix dialysis machine (fHb% = 1.24 ± 0.13 and 0.92 ± 0.12 for the Artis machine with HD-DNDP at Qbreal = 450 mL/min and Phoenix with HD-DNSP at Qbreal = 500 mL/min, respectively). However, the fHb levels increased linearly, and no steep changes were observed. The increases observed during HD-DNDP were the same order of magnitude as those for widely used bloodlines and treatment modes for delivering dialysis treatments. The observed results matched literature findings, and thus the measured fHb trends are not predicted to have clinical side effects. HD-DNDP treatment with Artis does not merit any additional concern regarding mechanical stress to RBCs compared with that observed for routinely used dialysis treatments, bloodlines and machines. Although the in vitro measurement of the fHb increase in bovine blood does not allow a prediction of the absolute level of blood mechanical damage or the possible effects in humans, such measurements are valuable for assessing hemolytic harm by performing tests comparing the proposed treatment with existing devices.
Interaction and influence of phenylalanine-198 and threonine-199 on catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase III (1993)

Site-directed mutants of human carbonic anhydrase III were used to examine the role of Thr-199 and its interaction with Phe-198 in the catalyzed hydration of CO2. Threonine-199 is a hydrogen bond acceptor for the zinc-bound water, and Phe-198 forms part of the hydrophobic side of the active-site cavity of carbonic anhydrase III. Catalytic activity for a total of five single and double mutants at residues 198 and 199 was determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and 18O exchange between CO2 and water measured by mass spectrometry. The replacement Thr-199-->Ala resulted in a 4-fold decrease in the kcat/Km for hydration of CO2. We tested the hypothesis that the 25-fold increase in the kcat/Km for hydration of CO2 accompanying the replacement Phe-198-->Leu in isozyme III is caused by changes in the interaction of Thr-199 with the zinc-bound water or the transition state for catalysis. Comparison of hydration of CO2 by the single and double mutants of isozyme III containing the replacements Thr-199-->Ala and Phe-198-->Leu was consistent with an interaction between these two sites.
Comparison of the experimental, scientific gated-viewing sensor TRAGVIS and the commercial MODAR system during a field test (2021)

Two Gated-Viewing instruments of different design, but similar mean optical power, were compared during a field test: The TRAGVIS sensor is an experimental, scientific development which was designed for particular needs of maritime search and rescue operations. The instrument uses pulsed VCSELs in the NIR, and a CMOS camera in multi-integration mode. As designed for distances &lt; 400 m, a fixed focal length (wide angular FOV of &asymp; 9&deg; ) is used, and the repetition rate is high, while the pulse energy is low. The MODAR is a commercial multi-sensor platform comprising a Gated-Viewing instrument designed for security operations (e.g. police) both on sea and on land. Aiming at distances up to several kilometers, both camera and laser illumination are equipped with zoom optics, and the repetition rate is small, while the pulse energy is high. In contrast to TRAGVIS, an image intensifier is used. TRAGVIS and MODAR were compared in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image contrast using Lambertian reflectors at different distances. TRAGVIS was found to perform better than MODAR at distances &lt; 350 m, but its performance decreases with distance while MODAR’s performance stays constant as a result of the laser and camera zoom. When used in ungated (continuous exposure) mode, TRAGVIS shows > 5 times larger SNR than in gated mode, and almost one order of magnitude larger SNR than MODAR due to the lack of an image intensifier. This demonstrates the instrument’s ability to be used for both, Gated-Viewing as well as simple active illumination mode. However, for the same reason (image intensifier) MODAR’s shutter suppression, which is crucial for reducing the back-scatter signal and therefore vision enhancement, was found to be at least 5-6 times better than that of TRAGVIS.
[Biochemical evidence for integration of prokaryotic DNA into mammalian cells (author's transl)]. (1981)

Experiments were undertaken to test for the stable integration of defined prokaryotic genes in mammalian cells. Thus lambda dvgal 88 plasmid DNA were transferred together with the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) gene as a selectable marker to TK- mouse cells. DNA restriction and hybridization analysis of TK+ mouse cell clone DNA revealed (i) the presence of prokaryotic lambda dvgal 88 sequences in the mouse DNA; (ii) the stable integration of the prokaryotic DNA in mouse cell DNA under selective conditions; and (iii) the presence of lambda dvgal fragments in several copies per cell and their integration at different loci within the cell DNA.
Multiple scattering in a reflecting cavity: Application to fish counting in a tank (2001)

Classical fisheries acoustics techniques are useless in the presence of multiple scattering or reflecting boundaries. A general technique is developed that provides the number and the scattering strength of scatterers in motion placed inside a highly reflecting cavity. This approach is based on multiple scattering theory. The idea is to measure the average effect of the scatterers on the acoustic echoes of the cavity interfaces. This leads to the measure of the scattering mean free path, a typical length that characterizes the scattering strength of the cloud of scatterers. Numerical results are shown to agree with a simple theoretical analysis. Experiments are performed with fish in a tank at two different scales: ultrasonic frequency (400 kHz) in a 1.4-l beaker with 1-cm-long fish as well as fisheries acoustics frequency (12.8 kHz) in a 30-m3 tank with 35-cm-long fish. These results have interesting applications to fish target strength measurement and fish counting in aquaculture.
Regulation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Adrenal Medulla (1995)

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been suggested to be involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. We studied the regulation of nNOS expression, determining nNOS mRNA expression levels in various tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). We also investigated the effects of antihypertensive treatment with the angiotensin II antagonist hydralazine or reserpine on nNOS mRNA expression. The expression levels of nNOS mRNA and nNOS protein were determined by Northern and Western blot analysis, respectively. NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry was used to identify cells in the adrenal medulla that expressed nNOS. No significant differences in expression levels in SHR and WKY were observed in the cerebellum and brain stem. nNOS mRNA expression levels in the decapsular portion of the adrenal gland were developmentally modulated and in a 24-week-old WKY were 2.5 times higher than in an age-matched SHR. This reduced expression of nNOS mRNA in the decapsular portion of the adrenal gland of SHR seemed to be a result of hypertension in the SHR, because administration of either an angiotensin II antagonist (TCV-116) or hydralazine upregulated nNOS mRNA expression in both SHR and WKY. Marked augmentation of nNOS mRNA expression in the decapsular portion of the adrenal gland by reserpine treatment suggested an intimate relation between nNOS in the decapsular portion of the adrenal gland and the sympathoadrenal system. Reserpine treatment also increased the expression of nNOS protein; however, reserpine treatment did not affect the distribution pattern of nNOS-positive cells (NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells) in the adrenal medulla.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treatment of Unstable Femoral Shaft Fractures with Closed Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing (1987)

From 1979 to 1982, 64 femoral shaft fractures in 62 patients were treated by closed interlocking nailing at Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, U.S.A., and Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, TX, U.S.A. Twenty-nine patients sustained multiple system injuries and 29 of the involved extremities (45%) had at least one additional injury. There were 17 (26%) open fractures. Static mode nailing was used to treat 52 fractures; dynamic mode nailing was performed for 12 fractures. Patient follow-up averaged 17 months (range 7-41 months). The average time to union was 13.5 weeks. Normal femoral length within 1 cm was achieved in 97% of cases. Knee range of motion averaged 127 degrees. Complications (9%) included two delayed unions, one nonunion, two cases of shortening or lengthening of more than 1 cm, and one case of malunion with angulation or more than 10 degrees. The delayed unions and nonunions healed after one additional procedure. This study shows that closed interlocking nailing is a safe, effective technique that provides stable fixation in most unstable femoral shaft fractures. This technique represents a major advance in the treatment of difficult femoral shaft fractures that would be poorly suited for standard closed nailing.
Substrates for the Next Generation Electronics and Photonics (2006)

Electronic and photonic devices and systems have developed into a dominant global industry. The ever-present need in this industry, to improve device performance and reduce cost, calls for the continued modifications of silicon as well as III-V compound semiconductor manufacturing technologies.