gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Inflammation to Protect Against Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice (2020)

Oral administration of resveratrol is able to ameliorate the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Recent evidence suggested that the gut microbiota is involved in the metabolism therapeutics. In the current study, we sought to determine whether the anti-DN effects of resveratrol are mediated through modulation of the gut microbiota using the genetic db/db mouse model of DN. We demonstrate that resveratrol treatment of db/db mice relieves a series of clinical indicators of DN. We then show that resveratrol improves intestinal barrier function and ameliorates intestinal permeability and inflammation. The composition of the gut microbiome was significantly altered in db/db mice compared to control db/m mice. Dysbiosis in db/db mice characterized by low abundance levels of <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Alistipes</i>, <i>Rikenella</i>, <i>Odoribacter</i>, <i>Parabacteroides</i>, and <i>Alloprevotella</i> genera were reversed by resveratrol treatment, suggesting a potential role for the microbiome in DN progression. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation, derived from healthy resveratrol-treated db/m mice, was sufficient to antagonize the renal dysfunction, rebalance the gut microbiome and improve intestinal permeability and inflammation in recipient db/db mice. These results indicate that resveratrol-mediated changes in the gut microbiome may play an important role in the mechanism of action of resveratrol, which provides supporting evidence for the gut-kidney axis in DN.
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSELECTIVE 1,4‐ADDITIONS OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS TO CONJUGATED SYSTEMS IN A CHIRAL 1,4‐BIS(DIMETHYLAMINO)‐23‐DIEMTHOXYBUTANE MEDIUM (1979)

Abstract Das Methoxyamin DDB wird als chirales Cosolvenz bei der Addition achiraler Li‐, Cu‐ und Zn‐organischer Verbindungen wie (II), (IV), (V), (XII) bzw. (XIV) an prochirale β‐C‐Atome von α,β‐ungesättigten Verbindungen wie (I), (VII), (IX) bzw. (XI) unter Bildung optisch aktiver Produkte wie (III), (VI), (VIII), (X), (XIII) bzw. (XV) eingesetzt.
Contrast enhancement of iohexol-cisplatin-gelatin complex under computed tomography imaging (2013)

Abstract X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most powerful non-invasive diagnostic techniques nowadays. The iodinated molecules used as CT contrast agents in the clinic have short circulation times in the body, which significantly restrict its applications. Furthermore, some patients are hypersensitive to iodine. So, researchers have made tremendous efforts to improve the property of iodine. Besides, cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (cisplatin), a major chemo agent for cancer treatment, possess higher X-ray attenuation coefficient being a CT contrast agent. The incorporation of cisplatin with an iodinated agent could facilitate the quality of CT images and damage cancer cells simultaneously. To reduce toxicity of a contrast agent, polymer matrix, gelatin, was incorporated for avoiding contact with nontarget cells. In this study, we combined the iodine contrast agent, 1,3-N-bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide (iohexol), with cisplatin, and then examined them in a micro CT with different X-ray tube voltages (50 kV, 80 kV, 100 kV) to find optimal scanning conditions for imaging. As expected, iohexol combined with cisplatin enhanced X-ray attenuation and image contrast. The optimal CT image could be acquired at iohexol and cisplatin concentrations of 50 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml, respectively, under 80 kV irradiation. Finally, the iohexol-cisplatin-gelatin solution was then fabricated into nanoparticles of sizes about 240 nm, which may suitable for in vivo delivery.
Chemically mediated resistance to mesoherbivory in finely branched macroalgae along the western Antarctic Peninsula (2009)

Along the western Antarctic Peninsula, benthic macrophytic biomass rivals some of the denser algal communities in the world. However, there is a noticeable lack of filamentous epiphytes compared with other algal-dominated communities. One possible explanation is that epiphytic species and emerging filaments from profuse endophytes are controlled by grazing pressures from an abundant mesograzer community. Amphipod gut contents from the study area revealed the presence of algal filaments that could support this hypothesis. However, this gut-derived algal material may be from ingestion of any of the several sub-tidal, finely branched rhodophyte species, which are often inhabited by numerous amphipod mesograzers. Palatability of several of these finely branched macrophytes (Halopteris obovata, the only phaeophyte in this study, Cystoclonium obtusangulum, Pantoneura plocamioides, Picconiella plumosa, Plocamium cartilagineum, as well as the known edible control alga Palmaria decipiens) were tested against two of the most abundant amphipod mesograzers, Gondogeneia antarctica and Prostebbingia gracilis, in a series of fresh-thallus feeding assays. Several artificial food bioassays, utilizing artificial foods mixed with algal extracts, were also conducted to test for any chemical grazing deterrents produced by the macroalgae. Results indicate that all the finely branched algae tested were unpalatable to both grazers, most likely due to chemical defences in the red algae. These results suggest that filamentous material found in amphipod guts is not finely branched rhodophytes despite observation of mesograzers associating with these algae. Possibly, mesograzers of the western Antarctic Peninsula use these chemically defended algae as a refuge from predation and, in turn, graze on palatable epiphytes and emergent filaments from endophytes, growing on their host macrophytes.
[2]Catenane Assembly from Calix[4]arene Crown Ethers (2000)

A variety of novel calix[4]arene-incorporating crown ethers with or without intramolecular hydrogen bonding have been prepared by two efficient methods and utilized as donor rings to assemble calix[4]arene [2]catenanes based on pi-stacking interaction between hydroquinone and bipyridinium units. Treatment of calix[4]arene crown ethers 4, 10a, or 10b, whose cone conformation was fixed by intramolecular hydrogen bonding within the calix[4]arene moiety, with dicationic salt 15 x 2PF6 and dibromide 16 afforded the corresponding [2]catenanes 17a x 4PF6, 17b x 4PF6, and 17c x 4PF6 in 20%, 53%, and 55% yields, respectively, whereas from the reactions of 15 x 2PF6 and dibromide 16 in the presence of conformationally flexible 11 or 12 with a cone conformation kept by two propyl groups, [2]catenanes 18 x 4PF6 and 19 x 4PF6 were obtained in 12% and 6% yields. [2]Catenanes 21a x 4Cl, 21b x 4Cl, and 21c x 4Cl, incorporating calix[4]arene in both the donor and acceptor rings, were also successfully assembled from 10a or 10b, 16, and dicationic salts 20a x 2PF6 or 20b x 2PF6. The dynamic 1H NMR and absorption spectra of the [2]catenanes have been investigated, which revealed a strongest donor-acceptor interaction in 17a x 4PF6 and that the cone [2]catenanes 17a-c x 4PF6 can isomerize to the partial cone isomer at high temperature. The difference of the dynamic properties of these catenanes was discussed. The results demonstrate that catenation is one new general method to change the conformational distributions of calix[4]arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective a4‐Umpolung Reactions of α,β‐ Unsaturated Esters to 1,6‐Dicarbonyl Compounds by Addition of Enantiopure Nucleophiles to Racemic Tetracarbonyl(η3‐allyl)iron(1 + ) Complexes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On joint estimation and decoding for channels with noise memory (2009)

In this letter we consider coded transmission over interference channels where the interference occurs in bursts and hence is considered to be impulsive. The bursty nature of the interference leads to memory in the overall noise process which is modeled as a 2-state Markov chain. Recent work on coded transmission for such channels has proposed decoding techniques assuming that perfect knowledge of the interference statistics are available at the receiver. In this work, we aim at completing the picture by proposing a novel algorithm that decodes without the knowledge of the interference statistics and highlighting the differences between the two cases.
Efficient modeling of the coupling from a small circular loop to a multi-conductor transmission line above a lossy ground (2016)

A low-frequency coupling model consisting of a multi-conductor transmission line (TL) system and a small circular loop antenna is presented. The TL system is composed of N perfect electrical conductor (PEC) wires above a lossy ground. An approximate and computationally efficient analytical method is proposed to predict the current distribution on each wire. The total electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by the small circular loop antenna above the lossy half-space are calculated by employing a discrete complex image method (DCIM). The resulting induced current distributions are subsequently calculated and validated with a commercially available moment method code.
Home, sweet home: how mucus accommodates our microbiota (2020)

As a natural environment for human-microbiota interactions, healthy mucus houses a remarkably stable and diverse microbial community. Maintaining this microbiota is essential to human health, both to support the commensal bacteria that perform a wide array of beneficial functions and to prevent the outgrowth of pathogens. However, how the host selects and maintains a specialized microbiota remains largely unknown. In this viewpoint, we propose several strategies by which mucus may regulate the composition and function of the human microbiota and discuss how compromised mucus barriers in disease can give rise to microbial dysbiosis.
SCA: Streaming Cross-Attention Alignment For Echo Cancellation (2023)

End-to-End deep learning has shown promising results for speech enhancement tasks, such as noise suppression, dereverberation, and speech separation. However, most state-of-the-art methods for echo cancellation are either classical DSP-based or hybrid DSP-ML algorithms. Components such as the delay estimator and adaptive linear filter are based on traditional signal processing concepts, and deep learning algorithms typically only serve to replace the non-linear residual echo suppressor. This paper introduces an end-to-end echo cancellation network with a streaming cross-attention alignment (SCA). Our proposed method can handle unaligned inputs without requiring external alignment and generate high-quality speech without echoes. At the same time, the end-to-end algorithm simplifies the current echo cancellation pipeline for time-variant echo path cases. We test our proposed method on the ICASSP2022 and Inter-speech2021 Microsoft deep echo cancellation challenge evaluation dataset, where our method outperforms some of the other hybrid and end-to-end methods.
Amelioration of Diabetic Nephropathy Using a Retinoic Acid Receptor β2 Agonist (2019)

Vitamin A (VA) and its derivatives, known as retinoids, play critical roles in renal development through retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2). Disruptions in VA signaling pathways are associated with the onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Despite the known role of RARβ2 in renal development, the effects of selective agonists for RARβ2 in a high fat diet (HFD) model of DN are unknown. Here we examined whether AC261066 (AC261), a highly selective agonist for RARβ2, exhibited therapeutic effects in a HFD model of DN in C57BL/6 mice. Twelve weeks of AC261 administration to HFD mice was well tolerated, with no observable side effects. Compared to HFD mice, HFD + AC261 treated mice had improved glycemic control and reductions in proteinuria and urine albumin to creatinine ratio. A number of molecular hallmarks of DN were mitigated in HFD + AC261 treated mice, including reductions in tubule lipid droplets (LDs), podocyte (POD) effacement, endothelial cell (EC) collapse, mesangial expansion, and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening., Mesangial and tubule interstitial expression of the myofibroblast markers α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and type IV collagen (Col‐IV) was lower in HFD + AC261 treated mice compared to HFD alone. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that, compared to HFD mice, HFD + AC261 treated mice showed preservation of POD foot process and slit diaphragm morphology, and an increase in the levels of slit‐diagram protein podocin and the transcription factor WT1 in PODs. Given the need for novel DN therapies, our results warrant further studies of the therapeutic properties of AC261 in DN. Support or Funding Information This research was supported in part by Weill Cornell funds and by NIH R01DK113088 to LJG. SET was supported by the National Institutes of Health (T32 CA062948) This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Characterizing sediment acid volatile sulfide concentrations in European streams (2006)

Sediment acid volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations were measured in wadeable streams of a wide variety of ecoregions of western Europe (84 sites in 10 countries and nine ecoregions) to better understand spatial distribution and ecoregion relationships. Acid volatile sulfide has been shown to be a major factor controlling the bioavailability and toxicity of many common trace metals, such as Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Sediment characteristics varied widely. The ratio of the sum of the simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) to AVS ranged from 0.03 to 486.59. The sigmaSEM-AVS ranged from -40.02 to 17.71 micromol/g. On a regional scale, sediment characteristics such as dominant parent soil material showed significant trends in AVS distribution and variation by ecoregion. Total Fe and Mn were correlated weakly with SEM concentrations. Three AVS model approaches (i.e., the SEM:AVS ratio, SEM-AVS difference, and carbon normalization) were compared at threshold exceedance levels of SEM/AVS > 9, SEM-AVS > 2, and SEM-AVS/foc > 150 micromol/g organic carbon (OC). Only 4.76% of the sediments exceeded all three AVS thresholds; 22.6% of the sediments exceeded two models; and 13% of the sediments exceeded one model only. Using the SEM:AVS, SEM-AVS, and fraction of organic carbon models, and including site-specific data and regional soil characteristics, ecoregions 1 (Portugal), 3 (Italy), 4 (Switzerland), and 9 (Belgium/Germany) had the highest potential metals toxicity; ecoregions 13 and 8 (Belgium/France) showed the lowest potential toxicity. However, because AVS can vary widely spatially and temporally, these data should not be considered as representative of the sampled ecoregions. The general relationship between AVS levels and sediment characteristics provides some predictive capability for wadeable streams in the European ecoregions.
A Modular Semantically Secure Wiretap Code with Shared Key for Weakly Symmetric Channels (2019)

We study the problem of secure communication over a wiretap channel when the sender and the receiver have access to a shared secret key. We propose a modular secure construction of wiretap codes for a shared key setting that achieves secrecy capacity for weakly symmetric wiretap channels, and has computationally efficient encoding and decoding. The construction's security and reliability guarantees are in terms of semantic security, which is the strongest notion of security for these channels, and worst case error, respectively. We give concrete parameters of the construction for finite length messages to obtain a desired level of security and reliability.
Energy and throughput efficiency in wireless ad hoc networks through Group TDMA (2004)

In this paper, we address the resource allocation problem in wireless ad hoc networks from throughput and energy efficiency perspectives based on multiple access and time division. For static networks with dynamic transmitter-receiver assignments, we develop a topology-based receiver activation heuristic that partitions nodes (without capabilities of simultaneous transmission and reception) into disjoint transmitter and receiver groups. To extend the node lifetimes, we use the residual energies for the purpose of time allocation to receiver groups that are separately activated on disjoint time intervals. Then, the time-division mechanism of Group TDMA creates time orthogonality among transmitters interfering at non-intended destinations in each receiver group. The resulting formulation of linear programming based on traffic load distributions contributes simplicity to achieve effective throughput solutions. The proposed two-layered time-division structure of joint receiver activation and Group TDMA offers polynomial-time solutions to the problem of throughput and energy-efficient resource allocation in wireless ad hoc networks.
Advanced ceramics : (1989)

To assess the tribological issues, needs, and priorities for research on friction, wear, and lubrication of ceramic materials relevant to gas-fired prime movers.
Long-term alterations in brain and behavior after postnatal Zika virus infection in infant macaques (2020)

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has a profound impact on the fetal nervous system. The postnatal period is also a time of rapid brain growth, and it is important to understand the potential neurobehavioral consequences of ZIKV infection during infancy. Here we show that postnatal ZIKV infection in a rhesus macaque model resulted in long-term behavioral, motor, and cognitive changes, including increased emotional reactivity, decreased social contact, loss of balance, and deficits in visual recognition memory at one year of age. Structural and functional MRI showed that ZIKV-infected infant rhesus macaques had persistent enlargement of lateral ventricles, smaller volumes and altered functional connectivity between brain areas important for socioemotional behavior, cognitive, and motor function (e.g. amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum). Neuropathological changes corresponded with neuroimaging results and were consistent with the behavioral and memory deficits. Overall, this study demonstrates that postnatal ZIKV infection in this model may have long-lasting neurodevelopmental consequences.
[The change in functional activity and primary structure of the M2 protein in variants of the influenza virus resistant to remantadine and deitiforin: common and individual differences from the original strain]. (1989)

The two variants of influenza A/Victoria/35/72 (H3N2) virus resistant simultaneously to remantadine, deitiforin, adapromine and amantadine were obtained while passaging the virus in presence of remantadine or deitiforin. Both variants differed from the parental strain in optimal pH for hemolysis, transcriptase activity and in amino acid sequence of M2 protein. Maximal hemolytic activity of the parental strain is registered at pH 5.2, for the variants cultured in the presence of remantadine or deitiforin at pH 5.5 and 5.8, respectively. In contrast to NH4OH, remantadine and deitiforin do not exert inhibition of virus-induced hemolysis. Transcriptase activity of resistant variants is about 50% higher as compared with parental strain (enzyme source--whole virus particles or RNP). The M2 protein of the remantadine variant has 2 amino acid substitutions: 31 (Ser----Asn) and 59 (Met----Leu); the deitiforin variant has 3 substitutions: 14 (Met----Leu), 30 (Ala----Val) and 59 (Met----Leu). The phenotypic resistance of the virus seems to be determined by the mutations in the hydrophobic protein region (30,31); the other substitutions (14,59) may modify conformational structure and functional activity of the viral proteins.
Experimental Determination of the Topology of the HIV-1 gp41 C-Terminal Tail (2012)

The C-terminal tail (CTT) of HIV gp41 has been traditionally viewed as a cytoplasmic domain. Genetic studies demonstrating functional interactions between the CTT and various intracellular partners have implicitly reinforced this view. However, antibody neutralization data and biochemical studies have suggested that the CTT is, or can be, externally localized under certain condition. Additionally, other studies have demonstrated that the CTT is dispensable for in vitro virus replication. After nearly three decades of HIV research, the function and structure of the CTT remain elusive. Our goals, then, were twofold: (i) to determine the overall conservation of the CTT in an attempt to provide an understanding of the functional and structural relevance of the CTT; and, (ii) to provide an experimental topological map of the CTT in an attempt to understand and align observed CTT topology(ies) with the functional necessity of a cytoplasmic CTT. We believe that we made significant contributions to the understanding of CTT topology and its relationship to current published functional studies. The initial studies demonstrated that the CTT sequence is conserved at a level that is intermediate between the highly variable gp120 region and the relatively conserved gp41 ectodomain. Additionally, physicochemical and structural properties of CTT sequences were found to be conserved in spite of the relatively high sequencevariability. These studies demonstrated for the first time that the CTT sequence, while highly variable, contains highly conserved structural and chemical properties that suggest a functional requirement for the CTT. Topology studies of the CTT indicated that the topology of the CTT can be distinct between the surface of Env-expressing cells and viral particles. Additionally, dynamic rearrangement of the CTT was observed as a function of antibody neutralization. These findings prompted a theoretical study of gp41 CTT predicted topology and the proposal of a topological model that we believe is consistent with all published studies regarding the localization of the CTT.
Influence of different equipment protocols on particle size determination of ground corn (2001)

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the tapping bar and sieve agitators (balls and brushes) on determining mean particle size and standard deviation of ground corn. Tapping bar had no influence (P>0.10) on mean and standard deviation; however the presence of balls and brushes on sieves decreased (P<0.002) mean particle size and increased (P<0.0001) standard deviation. These results suggest that balls and brushes should be used when determining mean particle size to assist particle flowability. More research should be conducted to determine the effects of the tapping bar and sieve agitators over a wider range of particle sizes.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 2001
Multicenter registry of United States emergency department patients tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 (2020)

This paper summarizes the methodology for the registry of suspected COVID-19 in emergency care (RECOVER), a large clinical registry of patients from 155 United States (US) emergency departments (EDs) in 27 states tested for SARS-CoV-2 from March-September 2020. The initial goals are to derive and test: (1) a pretest probability instrument for prediction of SARS-CoV-2 test results, and from this instrument, a set of simple criteria to exclude COVID-19 (the COVID-19 Rule-Out Criteria-the CORC rule), and (2) a prognostic instrument for those with COVID-19. Patient eligibility included any ED patient tested for SARS-CoV-2 with a nasal or oropharyngeal swab. Abstracted clinical data included 204 variables representing the earliest manifestation of infection, including week of testing, demographics, symptoms, exposure risk, past medical history, test results, admission status, and outcomes 30 days later. In addition to the primary goals, the registry will provide a vital platform for characterizing the course, epidemiology, clinical features, and prognosis of patients tested for COVID-19 in the ED setting.