gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at a university enables development of a robust outbreak response framework (2022)

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Hertz Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Flu Lab, and the Audacious Project.
Managing Uncertainty In Unmanned Aircraft System Safety Performance Requirements Compliance Process (2018)

System Safety Regulations (SSR) are a central component to the airworthiness certification of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). There is significant debate on the setting of appropriate SSR for UAS. Putting this debate aside, the challenge lies in how to apply the system safety process to UAS, which lacks the data and operational heritage of conventionally piloted aircraft. The limited knowledge and lack of operational data result in uncertainty in the system safety assessment of UAS. This uncertainty can lead to incorrect compliance findings and the potential certification and operation of UAS that do not meet minimum safety performance requirements. The existing system safety assessment and compliance processes, as used for conventional piloted aviation, do not adequately account for the uncertainty, limiting the suitability of its application to UAS. This paper discusses the challenges of undertaking system safety assessments for UAS and presents current and envisaged research towards addressing these challenges. It aims to highlight the main advantages associated with adopting a risk based framework to the System Safety Performance Requirement (SSPR) compliance process that is capable of taking the uncertainty associated with each of the outputs of the system safety assessment process into consideration. Based on this study, it is made clear that developing a framework tailored to UAS, would allow for a more rational, transparent and systematic approach to decision making. This would reduce the need for conservative assumptions and take the risk posed by each UAS into consideration while determining its state of compliance to the SSR.
Paraneoplastic demyelinating neuropathy, subacute sensory neuropathy, and anti‐hu antibodies: Clinicopathological study of an autopsy case (1998)

A patient with anti-Hu antibodies, small-cell lung carcinoma, and autopsy-proven subacute sensory neuropathy had early slowing of motor and sensory conduction velocities. In the peripheral nerves, chronic demyelinating and remyelinating lesions with axonal degeneration were associated with an inflammatory reaction consisting of CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages. On immunohistochemical testing, the patient's serum did not react with normal nerve, suggesting that the Hu proteins were not the target of the inflammatory reaction in the nerve. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21:850–857, 1998.
Cement technique for reducing post-operative bursitis after trochanteric fixation. (2013)

Post-operative trochanteric bursitis is a known complication secondary to the surgical approach in total hip arthroplasty. This phenomenon may be partially attributable to repetitive microtrauma generated when soft tissues rub against implanted hardware. Significant rates of post-operative trochanteric bursitis have been observed following procedures in which a trochanteric fixation device, such as a bolt-washer mechanism or a cable-grip/claw system, is used to secure the trochanteric fragment after trochanteric osteotomy. We present a simple technique for use with a bolt-washer system or grip plate in which trochanteric components are covered in bone wax followed by a layer of cement to decrease friction and to diminish the risk of post-operative bursitis.
Borofsky, Robert, et al.: Yanomami (2009)

Anthropos , Seite 205 - 206
Phase 1b/2 study of GX-I7 plus pembrolizumab in patients with refractory or recurrent (R/R) metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC): The KEYNOTE-899 Study. (2022)

1081 Background: GX-I7 (efineptakin alfa) is a hybrid Fc-fused long-acting recombinant human IL-7 which plays an essential role in the development and homeostasis of T-cells. GX-I7 can potentially enhance the anti-tumor effect of pembrolizumab via induction of T-cell activity. Here, we report results of phase 1b/2 study of GX-I7 plus pembrolizumab in patients with R/R mTNBC. Methods: Eligible patients had R/R mTNBC that failed up to 3 rd lines of chemotherapy in the metastatic setting. Phase 1b patients received GX-I7 in 5 dose levels ranging from 360 µg/kg to 1,440 µg/kg every 9 (Q9W) or 12 (Q12W) weeks plus pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W (n=51). Phase 2 is an expansion cohort where 33 patients were treated with the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). The primary objective was to determine the RP2D for phase 1b and to assess the objective response rate (ORR) for phase 2. Results: The study included 84 patients (phase 1b, n=51; phase 2, n=33) and 53.6% (45/84) of patients have received 2 nd to 3 rd lines of previous therapy. In phase 1b, one dose-limiting toxicity (DLT; grade 3 skin rash) was reported in the 1,440 µg/kg cohort and GX-I7 1,200 µg/kg Q9W was selected as RP2D. The ORRs were 15.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0 – 28.6] for phase 1b (n=51) and 21.2% [95% CI: 9.0 – 38.9] for phase 2 (n=33). Median PFS was 2.4 months (95% CI: 2.1 – 2.7) at the median follow-up of 10.4 months for all patients combined (n=84). GX-I7 induced up to 3.6-fold (range 1.2 – 8.1) increase in absolute lymphocyte counts (including CD4+ and CD8+ T cell) in all dose levels. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) of any grade were injection site reaction (50.0%), ALT increased (39.3%), pyrexia (38.1%) and rash (35.7%). The additional correlative study data will be presented. Conclusions: GX-I7 in combination with pembrolizumab demonstrated a manageable safety profile with promising anti-tumor activity in patients with R/R metastatic TNBC. Clinical trial information: NCT03752723. [Table: see text]
Spatiotemporal pulse propagation in multimode fibers (2015)

Nonlinear wave propagation in multimode optical fibers will be introduced. Recent theoretical and experimental progress on intense pulse propagation in multimode fibers will be reviewed, with an emphasis on spatiotemporal aspects of the wave propagation.
Assessing localized dosimetric effects due to unplanned gas cavities during pelvic MR‐guided radiotherapy using Monte Carlo simulations (2019)

Unplanned gas cavities in the path of a single beam during pelvic MRgRT with a 1.5 T transverse magnetic field cause dose changes which may impact toxicity in the rectal wall, depending on local dose and fractionation. Effects are reduced but not eliminated with a five-beam plan.
Polarization Insensitive Wavelength Conversion Based on Four-Wave Mixing in a Silicon Nanowire (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, polarization-insensitive wavelength conversion of a 10 Gb/s NRZ-OOK data signal based on four-wave mixing in a silicon nanowire with bit-error rate measurements.
Monolithically Integrated Hong-Ou-Mandel Experiment in LiNbO3 (2018)

We implemented a fully integrated Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference circuit which comprises a qubit generation, passive routing, fast active polarization manipulation, electro-optic balanced switching, and a variable time delay based on Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides.
ChemInform Abstract: Eschweiler—Clarke Reductive Alkylation of Amines (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fractional flow reserve in coronary artery stenosis and hyperemia (2003)

Coronary angioplasty and pressure tracing records of patients with coronary artery stenosis and subsequent hyperemia conditions were obtained and analyzed. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was calculated and plotted against percent of area stenosis. Under adenosine-induced hyperemia, FFR decreased. The extent of decrease is determined by the percent of stenosis and the responsiveness of intramural coronary artery.
Citation histories of papers: sometimes the rich get richer, sometimes they don't (2017)

We describe a simple model of how a publication's citations change over time, based on pure-birth stochastic processes with a linear cumulative advantage effect. The model is applied to citation data from the Physical Review corpus provided by APS. Our model reveals that papers fall into three different clusters: papers that have rapid initial citations and ultimately high impact (fast-hi), fast to rise but quick to plateau (fast-flat), or late bloomers (slow-late), which may either never achieve many citations, or do so many years after publication. In "fast-hi" and "slow-late", there is a rich-get-richer effect: papers that have many citations accumulate additional citations more rapidly while the "fast-flat" papers do not display this effect. We conclude by showing that only a few years of post-publication statistics are needed to identify high impact ("fast-hi") papers.
Stimulated Raman scattering effect on femtosecond pulse generation using a parabolic amplification and a pulse compressor (2005)

An explicit analytical form for the Stokes pulse evolution in parabolic amplification is derived for the first time. In order to achieve efficient pulse compression, the parabolic amplifiers should be operated in the small Stokes pulse regime where the signal pulse is not seriously deteriorated. &lt;br/&gt;An analytical expression to obtain the critical fibre length for small Stokes pulse regime is also derived. The pulse compression of the output signal at various fiber lengths also confirms that the output signal pulse at the derived critical fiber length provides a compressed pulse with the maximum peak power and shortest pulse width. The results are verified through numerical simulations using split-step Fourier method.
Real time utility-based recommendation for revenue optimization via an adaptive online Top-K high utility itemsets mining model (2017)

Recommender Systems (RS) in e-commerce are typically used to suggest products to online shopping customers, and now play a key role in product marketing strategies for major online retailers, such as Walmart and Amazon. The main goal of such systems is to predict likely future customer desires and to trigger purchases through the timely provision of product recommendations. Therefore, RS have become indispensable tools for both customers and retailers. However, most existing RS recommend products from the point view of customers (i.e. likelihood of customer purchase) but ignore one of the most important business goals: the optimization of revenue. Consequently, there is an increasing need to learn utility patterns online and provide near real-time utility-based recommendations. To address these challenges, we first define the utility of recommendation sets and formulate the problem of real time utility-based recommendation. Next, we consider that online transaction streams are usually accompanied with flow fluctuation, and propose an Adaptive Online Top-K (RAOTK) high utility itemsets mining model to guide the utility-based recommendations. Additionally, three variants of this algorithm are described and we provide a structural comparison of the four algorithms with discussions on their advantages and limitations. Moreover, to make our model more personalized, we also take the buying power of customers into account and propose a simple but effective method to estimate the consumers' willingness to pay. Finally, extensive empirical results on real-world datasets show that the proposed model works effectively and outperforms several baselines.
Investigating the Relationship between Vitamin D and Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2021)

The emergence of persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as <i>long COVID</i>, is providing a new challenge to healthcare systems. The cardinal features are fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance. Vitamin D is known to have pleotropic effects far beyond bone health and is associated with immune modulation and autoimmunity. We hypothesize that vitamin D levels are associated with persistent symptoms following COVID-19. Herein, we investigate the relationship between vitamin D and fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance, assessed by the Chalder Fatigue Score, six-minute walk test and modified Borg scale. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships. A total of 149 patients were recruited at a median of 79 days after COVID-19 illness. The median vitamin D level was 62 nmol/L, with <i>n</i> = 36 (24%) having levels 30-49 nmol/L and <i>n</i> = 14 (9%) with levels <30 nmol/L. Fatigue was common, with <i>n</i> = 86 (58%) meeting the case definition. The median Borg score was 3, while the median distance covered for the walk test was 450 m. No relationship between vitamin D and the measures of ongoing ill-health assessed in the study was found following multivariable regression analysis. These results suggest that persistent fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance following COVID-19 are independent of vitamin D.
Fabrication of whisker-toughened alumina tubes. Final report (1993)

A process has been developed to fabricate whisker toughened alumina composites by slip casting dense colloidal suspensions of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-15% SiC{sub w}. Optimum processing parameters for slip casting we developed with slip viscosity of 60--70 centipoise and solids content 78--79 wt %. Slip-cast parts with green densities 65 to 68% theoretical were achieved. Composite parts were pressureless sintered to 96--97% theoretical density with <1% open porosity. The composites exhibited strengths of 500 MPa, toughness of 6.5 MPa m{sup 1/2}, and hardness of 17.26 GPa (1765 kg/mm{sup 2}). High temperature strength retention was maintained up to 1200C. Good thermal shock resistance with {Delta}T{sub cr} = 500C was also achieved. The process technology was transferred into pilot scale for producing prototype heat exchanger tubing up to 4 inches in diameter at the facilities of Vesuvius/McDanel.
Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade Strategies to Maximize Immune Response in Gynecological Cancers (2018)

PD-1- and PD-L1-targeting antibodies are being combined with many novel agents including anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, PARP inhibitors, targeted agents, and traditional chemotherapy in promising studies with the hopes of increasing the immune response and overcoming resistance by targeting other pathways. Novel immune techniques including vaccines and adoptive cell therapies are also being implemented in gynecological cancers. Immune checkpoint combinations and novel immunotherapy strategies have demonstrated potential to overcome resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in gynecological cancers. Identification of biomarkers of response and resistance is a priority to tailor specific combination therapies to the appropriate patients.
Integrated Nutrition Program Improves Anemia and Hemoglobin Concentrations in 6- to 12-Month-Old Infants From Rural El Salvador (2021)

To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition intervention with a multi-micronutrient fortified corn-soy blend (MMC) (ChapuditosTM) vs. standard of care (SOC) in anemia and hemoglobin (Hb) in 6 to 12-mo-old infants from four rural municipalities in La Libertad, El Salvador. A two-arm, clustered randomized evaluation was implemented between September 2015 and November 2017. A total of n = 384 infants met eligibility criteria: ages 6 to ≤ 12 mo, permanent resident of study locations, no genetic, health conditions or disability, parental consent, having attended 2 consecutive well-child visits. Clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT02567981. A total of n = 195 received SOC: 3 lb of corn-soy blend with dry milk with 18 micronutrients including 1.8 mg of zinc and 3.6 mg of iron per serving, equivalent to 30 daily servings; + 100,000 IU of vitamin A every 6 mo, and 12.5 mg of elemental iron per day via ferrous sulphate. A total of n = 189 received “MMC”: 3 lb of corn-soy blend with 21 micronutrients and high concentrations of chelated zinc (9 mg) and iron (12 mg) per serving, equivalent to 72 daily servings. Capillary blood was drawn at baseline (Bl) and 3 mo. Linear and generalized linear mixed models with binary outcomes were used to assess Bl – 3 mo changes in Hb and anemia, respectively. Models were adjusted by age, sex, Bl outcomes, and cluster. Both nutrition interventions were provided at the scheduled well-child visits. Preliminary analyses showed that Hb tended to improve from Bl to 3 mo in both groups [Bl-MMC = 10.47g/dL; 95% CI (10.32–10.61), Bl-SOC = 10.26 g/dL; 95% CI (10.12–10.40); 3 mo MMC = 10.88g/dL; 95% CI (10.72–11.04); 3 mo-SOC = 10.43g/dL; 95% CI (10.28–10.60)]. Changes in Hb were significant for the MMC vs. SOC group, [mean difference = 0.41g/dL, P ≤ 0.001; and 0.180g/dL, P = 0.228, respectively]. The odds of anemia were 63% lower in the MMC group, relative to SOC, [OR: 0.37, 95% CI (0.17–0.82)]. A multi-micronutrient cereal with 21 micronutrients and elevated concentrations of chelated zinc and iron may be an effective alternative to current practices in alleviating anemia and improving Hb in this population. Consolidating different multiple-micronutrient delivery methods into one product may simplify provision and adherence, resulting in improved anemia and Hb status. This study was funded by the Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition.
Abstract WP549: GRK5-Mediated Inhibitory Phosphorylation of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Protects Against Aldosterone`s Stroke-Promoting Vascular Effects (2019)

Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism is a potential therapy for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients, since aldosterone exerts deleterious effects in the cerebral vasculature via the MR. Prominent among these is activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent vessel wall remodeling. GRK2 and GRK5 are the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-kinases (GRKs) in the heart and vessels and both phosphorylate GPCRs but also non-GPCR substrates at Ser/Thr residues. The human MR gets phosphorylated at various Ser residues, including Ser-843 in the ligand binding domain (LBD) and Ser-601 in the N-terminal domain (NTD). These Ser phosphorylations occur in the cytoplasm and result in MR inhibition via direct transcriptional activity repression or cytosolic retention, respectively. Hypothesis: GRK5 phosphorylates and inhibits the MR in the heart and vessels. Methods: We used rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2) and aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). We checked for GRK interactions with the MR via co-immunoprecipitation. We measured MR phosphorylation via phospho-Ser immunoblotting and MR transcriptional activity via the luciferase reporter assay. We also measured EGF and EGF receptor (EGFR) expression via real time-PCR. Results: GRK5, but not GRK2, phosphorylates the MR in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Beta2-adrenoceptor activation stimulates this non-canonical effect of GRK5. The GRK5-phosphorylated MR is incapable of activating gene transcription, since aldosterone-induced MR transcriptional activity is markedly suppressed upon GRK5 overexpression in both cardiomyocytes and ASMCs. Conversely, CRISPR-mediated GRK5 gene deletion augments cardiac and ASMC aldosterone-dependent MR transcriptional activity. Finally, beta2-adrenoceptor-stimulated GRK5 phosphorylates and inhibits the MR in ASMCs, thereby suppressing aldosterone-induced EGF and EGFR mRNA expression. Conclusions: GRK5 blocks the toxic MR-dependent effects of aldosterone in the heart and vascular smooth muscles. Thus, GRK5 stimulation (e.g. via beta2-adrenoceptor activation) may protect against the stroke-promoting effects of aldosterone in the cerebral vasculature.
Risk Factors for Chronic Saphenous Neuralgia Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Utilizing Saphenous Vein Grafts (2014)

Chronic SN after CABG surgery utilizing GSV grafts is not uncommon. Risk factors identified in this trial are younger age, female gender, higher body mass index, diabetes mellitus, distal-to-proximal dissection of the GSV, and closure of the leg wound in two layers.
Constitutive Signaling by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus G-protein-coupled Receptor Desensitizes Calcium Mobilization by Other Receptors (2001)

We coexpressed Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptors (KSHV-GPCRs) with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptors or m1-muscarinic-cholinergic receptors in Xenopus oocytes and in mammalian cells. In oocytes, KSHV-GPCR expression resulted in pronounced (81%) inhibition (heterologous desensitization) of Ca(2+)-activated chloride current responses to TRH and acetylcholine. Similar inhibitions of cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) responses to TRH were observed in human embryonic kidney HEK 293 EM cells and in mouse pituitary AtT20 cells. Further study of oocytes showed that this inhibition was partially reversed by interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), an inverse agonist of KSHV-GPCR. The basal rate of (45)Ca(2+) efflux in oocytes expressing KSHV-GPCRs was 4.4 times greater than in control oocytes, and IP-10 rapidly inhibited increased (45)Ca(2+) efflux. In the absence of IP-10, growth-related oncogene alpha caused a further 2-fold increase in (45)Ca(2+) efflux. In KSHV-GPCR-expressing oocytes, responses to microinjected inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate were inhibited by 74%, and this effect was partially reversed by interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10. Treatment with thapsigargin suggested that the pool of calcium available for mobilization by TRH was decreased in oocytes coexpressing KSHV-GPCRs. These results suggest that constitutive signaling by KSHV-GPCR causes heterologous desensitization of responses mediated by other receptors, which signal via the phosphoinositide/calcium pathway, which is caused by depletion of intracellular calcium pools.
Prospects for Tin-Containing Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics (2023)

Tin-containing metal halide perovskites have enormous potential as photovoltaics, both in narrow band gap mixed tin-lead materials for all-perovskite tandems and for lead-free perovskites. The introduction of Sn(II), however, has significant effects on the solution chemistry, crystallization, defect states, and other material properties in halide perovskites. In this perspective, we summarize the main hurdles for tin-containing perovskites and highlight successful attempts made by the community to overcome them. We discuss important research directions for the development of these materials and propose some approaches to achieve a unified understanding of Sn incorporation. We particularly focus on the discussion of charge carrier dynamics and nonradiative losses at the interfaces between perovskite and charge extraction layers in p-i-n cells. We hope these insights will aid the community to accelerate the development of high-performance, stable single-junction tin-containing perovskite solar cells and all-perovskite tandems.
Cover Picture: Fabrication of electrically pumped InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on Si substrates by Au‐mediated wafer bonding (Phys. Status Solidi C 8/2) (2011)

Katsuaki Tanabe et al. describe in their article on pp. 319ff. design and fabrication of III–V quantum dot lasers on Si substrates. Quantum dot lasers exhibit low lasing threshold current density and high temperature stability and therefore can minimize and address thermal accumulation in dense large scale integration (LSI). They have realized electrically pumped 1.3 µm room-temperature InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers monolithically formed on Si substrates, overcoming lattice mismatch by means of wafer bonding as a new basis for next-generation optoelectronic integrated circuits for ultrahigh speed computation and optical communication. Professor Tanabe's research interests are in heterogeneous semiconductor materials integration for high-performance laser and photovoltaic devices.