gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroformylation of 1-Hexene over Co/SiO2 Catalysts: Influence of Pore Size of Support. (2001)

Silica-supported cobalt catalyst was studied for hydroformylation of 1-hexene. The influence of pore size of the silica support was investigated. It was found that cobalt catalyst supported on silica with appropriate pore size, about 6-10 nm, was active for the reaction with very high selectivity to oxygenates. The smaller the pore size and the higher the surface area of the silica support, the higher metal dispersion and the smaller the cobalt particle size. But, in turn, the reducibility of the supported cobalt was lower. The cobalt catalyst supported on silica with small pore size seemed to be more stable during the reaction due to the interaction between cobalt particles and the support. Although there might be homogeneous reaction on the dissolved cobalt species, the activity was mainly from the heterogeneous hydroformylation of 1-hexene.
Thermoelectric Properties of (ZnO)<sub>5</sub>In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Single Crystal Grown by a Flux Method (2004)

Single crystals of (ZnO)5In2O3 were grown by a flux method, and their thermoelectric properties were evaluated for the first time. The in-plane electrical conductivity was found to be highly anisotropic in the single crystal, that is, about two orders of magnitude larger than that along the c-axis. The resulting power factor of the single crystal along the ab-plane was enhanced due to the enhanced electrical conductivity compared with that for textured ceramics with almost full density. The effect of grain boundaries on thermoelectric performance is discussed.
Isolation and identification of membrane vesicle-associated proteins in Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria (2014)

Many intracellular bacterial pathogens naturally release membrane vesicles (MVs) under a variety of growth environments. For pathogenic bacteria there are strong evidences that released MVs are a delivery mechanism for the release of immunologically active molecules that contribute to virulence. Identification of membrane vesicle-associated proteins that can act as immunological modulators is crucial for opening up new horizons for understanding the pathogenesis of certain bacteria and for developing novel vaccines. In this protocol, we provide all the details for isolating MVs secreted by either mycobacteria or Gram-positive bacteria and for the subsequent identification of the protein content of the MVs by mass spectrometry. The protocol is adapted from Gram-negative bacteria and involves four main steps: (1) isolation of MVs from the culture media; (2) purification of MVs by density gradient ultrucentrifugation; (3) acetone precipitation of the MVs protein content and in-solution trypsin digestion and (4) mass spectrometry analysis of the generated peptides and protein identification. Our modifications are:•Growing Mycobacteria in a chemically defined media to reduce the number of unrelated bacterial components in the supernatant.•The use of an ultrafiltration system, which allows concentrating larger volumes.•In solution digestion of proteins followed by peptides purification by ziptip.
PRESERVING LIMB LENGTH WITH AN OSTEOMYOCUTANEOUS AUTOGRAFT SALVAGED FROM THE SURGICAL SPECIMEN (2003)

Kastner, Norbert MD; Windhager, Reinhard MD; Welkerling, Heike MD; Haas, Franz MD Author Information
Nanotechnology Enables Wireless Gas Sensing (2011)

In this paper different topologies of CNT-based RF passive gas sensors are presented, particularly focusing on wireless transducers, which can directly indicate gas concentration through the change of easy to-monitor RF parameters. CNTs feature numerous unique properties that could potentially enable the next generation of gas sensors with sensitivities better by 1-2 orders of magnitude with respect to existing ones.
Rizatriptan Induced Acute on Top of Chronic Ischemic Colitis (2009)

1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Utah, USA. Correspondence: Amer A Alkhatib, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, SOM4R118, Utah, USA. E-mail: [email protected] doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.356
Monitoring lateral track irregularity from in-service railway vehicles (2007)

Maintaining the alignment of railway track is vitally important for the smooth and safe passage of railway vehicles. Poor track alignment can result in poor ride quality, flange contact, or even flange climb. Accurate horizontal track geometry can be measured using a dedicated track recording vehicle or from a full track geometry recording system mounted on an in-service vehicle. This paper describes the use of sensors mounted on the bogie of an in-service vehicle to estimate the mean track alignment without the use of optical or contact sensors. In principle, either bogie lateral acceleration or yaw rate can be processed to give an estimate of mean lateral track irregularity, but a yaw rate gyro provides consistent estimates down to lower vehicle speeds than does an accelerometer and does not require compensation for the effects of bogie roll. An improved estimate can be obtained by inverting the dynamic relationship between the mean track alignment and the bogie yaw motion. This is demonstrated with results from a Class 175 vehicle. Continually monitoring the lateral response of a bogie on an in-service vehicle, using only a yaw rate gyro, can provide data enabling the prioritization of maintenance operations.
A liquid crystal biosensor for specific detection of antigens (2016)

Following the principle of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) pathogen detection method, we demonstrate specific sensing of goat Immunoglobulin G (IgG) by a nematic liquid crystal material. Sensing occurs via the visually-striking realignment of a pre-fabricated liquid crystal film, suspended in grids and coated with biotinylated lipids followed by biotinylated anti-goat IgG. Realignment occurs when the targeted goat IgG is added to the cell, but not when rat or rabbit serum IgG is added to the same surface. In principle, this method can be generalized to provide an inexpensive, fast and sensitive prefabricated sensor for any pathogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Diynes to Form Cyclooctatetraenes. (2015)

Abstract The first Rh(I)‐catalyzed [2+2+2+2] reaction of alkynes in the presence of DMSO is reported.
Cr-salen mediated asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes: Rational complex design and substrate scope of catalyst (2004)

Recent explorations of the structure space of Cr(salen) complexes have led to the rational design of improved catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes. The synthesis of these catalysts is presented and their substrate scope detailed.
Effect of filler type and particle size distribution on thermal properties of bimodal and hybrid – BN/Boehmite-filled EP-Novolac composites (2019)

In this study, the combination of hexagonal Boron Nitride (BN) and Boehmite are investigated towards their potential to enhance both the thermal and flame retardant properties in Epoxy Novolac matrices for electrical applications. The focus of this scientific work is to correlate the fillers’ particle size (distribution), morph ology, content, dispersion and orientation, which are investigated with microscopic methods (SEM, TEM), with the resulting thermal properties. Both filler types are studied systematically in monomodal and bimodal filler distribution and finally in a hybrid combination, both with variation in the relative compositions. The thermal properties of the resulting composites are determined via TGA (thermal decomposition), DMA (Tg), and heat flow meter for thermal conductivity. The effect on flame retardancy is examined with Cone Calorimetry. The results show that the thermal conductivity is strongly dependent on filler type, content and particle size (distribution) strongly affecting the resulting microstructure. With increasing filler content and the higher the filler’s aspect ratio, the more pronounced is the enhancement of the thermal conductivity and flame retardancy. Furthermore, the variation in the relative composition of the bimodal filler distributions and hybrid combination demonstrates the potential to design and trigger the formation of the micro- structured network in a smart way improving the through-plane (z-direction) heat dissipation.
Kraftwerk für mobile Sensornetze (2004)

Für die Verwirklichung der Vision von autonomen Sensornetzwerken, die im Körper oder in Maschinen integriert sind, werden neue Bauteile zur Energiegewinnung erforderlich. Im folgenden Text berichten Forscher des IMEC-Instituts aus Leuven, wie sie mit Mikromechanischen Bauteilen Energie gewinnen wollen.
Performance of Nonmigratory Iron Chelating Active Packaging Materials in Viscous Model Food Systems (2015)

Many packaged food products undergo quality deterioration due to iron promoted oxidative reactions. Recently, we have developed a nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging material that represents a novel approach to inhibit oxidation of foods while addressing consumer demands for "cleanˮ labels. A challenge to the field of nonmigratory active packaging is ensuring that surface-immobilized active agents retain activity in a true food system despite diffusional limitations. Yet, the relationship between food viscosity and nonmigratory active packaging activity retention has never been characterized. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of food viscosity on iron chelation by a nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging material. Methyl cellulose was added to aqueous buffered iron solutions to yield model systems with viscosities ranging from ∼1 to ∼10(5) mPa·s, representing viscosities ranging from beverage to mayonnaise. Iron chelation was quantified by material-bound iron content using colorimetry and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Maximum iron chelation was reached in solutions up to viscosity ∼10(2) mPa·s. In more viscous solutions (up to ∼10(4) mPa·s), there was a significant decrease in iron chelating capacity (P < 0.05). However, materials still retained at least 76% iron chelating capacity. Additionally, the influence of different food hydrocolloids on the performance of nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging was characterized. Methyl cellulose and carrageenan did not compete with the material for specific iron chelation (P > 0.05). Materials retained 32% to 45% chelating capacity when in contact with competitively chelating hydrocolloids guar gum, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum. This work demonstrates the potential application of nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging in liquid and semi-liquid foods to allow for the removal of synthetic chelators, while maintaining food quality.
Rapamycin Markedly Slows Disease Progression in a Rat Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease (2004)

Increased tubular epithelial cell proliferation is a prerequisite for cyst formation and expansion in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Rapamycin is a potent antiproliferative agent. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of rapamycin on tubular cell proliferation, cyst formation, and renal failure in the Han:SPRD rat model of PKD. Heterozygous (Cy/+) and littermate control (+/+) male rats were weaned at 3 wk of age and then treated with rapamycin 0.2 mg/kg per d intraperitoneally or vehicle (ethanol) for 5 wk. Vehicle-treated Cy/+ rats had a more than doubling of kidney size compared with +/+ rats. Rapamycin reduced the kidney enlargement by 65%. Rapamycin significantly reduced the cyst volume density in Cy/+ rats by >40%. Blood urea nitrogen was 59% increased in vehicle-treated Cy/+ rats compared with +/+ rats. Rapamycin reduced the blood urea nitrogen to normal in Cy/+ rats. The number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells per noncystic tubule was eightfold increased in vehicle-treated Cy/+ compared with +/+ rats. Rapamycin significantly reduced the number of PCNA-positive cells in noncystic tubules of Cy/+ rats. In addition, the number of PCNA-positive cells per cyst in Cy/+ rats was significantly reduced by rapamycin. In summary, in a rat model of PKD, rapamycin treatment (1) decreases proliferation in cystic and noncystic tubules, (2) markedly inhibits renal enlargement and cystogenesis, and (3) prevents the loss of kidney function.
Expansion of queries and databases for improving the retrieval accuracy of document portions (2010)

This paper presents a method of improving the accuracy of document image retrieval focusing on the application to a camera-pen system. In a camera-pen system, document image retrieval is employed for locating the pen-tip position on a page. A serious problem is that since the camera is mounted close to the pen-tip, the camera captures only a tiny portion of the page and the resultant image is under severe perspective distortion, resulting in lowering the retrieval accuracy. To solve this problem, we propose new geometrically invariant features as well as expansion techniques which increase the number of index features of either the database or the query images. From the experimental results, it has been found that the query expansion technique with features by combining affine and perspective invariants allows us the best performance that improves the accuracy of a baseline method more than 27%.
Stabilization of Lisfranc Joint Injuries: A Biomechanical Study (2004)

Cortical screw fixation provides a more rigid and stable method of fixation for Lisfranc injuries as compared to Kirschner wire fixation. This fixation method allows maintenance of anatomic reduction and possibly earlier mobilization with a decreased risk of posttraumatic arthrosis.
Inter-Method Reliability of Pulse Volume Related Measures Derived Using Finger-Photoplethysmography (2017)

Abstract. Pulse volume (PV) and its related measures, such as modified normalized pulse volume (mNPV), direct-current component (DC), and pulse rate (PR), derived from the finger-photoplethysmogram (FPPG), are useful psychophysiological measures. Although considerable uncertainties exist in finger-photoplethysmography, little is known about the extent of the adverse effects on the measures. In this study, we therefore examined the inter-method reliability of each index across sensor positions and light intensities, which are major disturbance factors of FPPG. From the tips of the index fingers of 12 participants in a resting state, three simultaneous FPPGs having overlapping optical paths were recorded, with their light intensity being changed in three steps. The analysis revealed that the minimum values of three coefficients of Cronbach’s α for ln PV, ln mNPV, ln DC, and PR across positions were .948, .850, .922, and 1.000, respectively, and that those across intensities were .774, .985, .485, and .998, respectively. These findings suggest that ln mNPV and PR can be used for psychophysiological studies irrespective of minor differences in sensor attachment positions and light source intensity, whereas and ln DC can also be used for such studies but under the condition of light intensity being fixed.
Application Report on Operating Cellular Process Chemistry Plants in Fine Chemical and Contract Manufacturing Industries (2005)

Abstract Only a few microreaction manufacturing plants are being operated to date. The performance of two different microreaction manufacturing plants is discussed, one in a dedicated application, the other in a multi‐purpose environment. Strategies to address the major design and operating challenges for microreactor manufacturing plants to equipartition starting material streams into parallel reaction chambers throughout manufacturing operation are provided for demanding liquid/liquid‐reactions. The importance of minimizing the pressure drop variances between different microreactors or channels by rigorous microreactor fabrication process control is described. A cost/performance balanced microreactor manufacturing strategy is suggested, and the ease of assessing trade‐off decisions is addressed for different manufacturing systems by the use of a case study involving a diffusion controlled Grignard reaction.
Random walk and lighting control (2013)

We pose the problem of turning off a single luminaire (or group) as an optimal stopping problem. We present the stationary and first-passage analysis of motion data obtained using custom wireless nodes in an open office floor plan. These calculations allow us to estimate the state of the network and calculate the probability and expected number of steps to visit a state from any arbitrary state. We also investigate if there is any evidence of clustering amongst the nodes by studying the covariance of the dataset. The data indicate the existence of clustering within the lattice. In other words, the analysis of random walk prevents luminaires from accidentally shutting off and dimensionality reduction determines the correct zoning of lighting via the occupants' movements.
Inverse methods for 3D quantitative optical coherence elasticity imaging (Conference Presentation) (2017)

In elastography, quantitative elastograms are desirable as they are system and operator independent. Such quantification also facilitates more accurate diagnosis, longitudinal studies and studies performed across multiple sites. In optical elastography (compression, surface-wave or shear-wave), quantitative elastograms are typically obtained by assuming some form of homogeneity. This simplifies data processing at the expense of smearing sharp transitions in elastic properties, and/or introducing artifacts in these regions. Recently, we proposed an inverse problem-based approach to compression OCE that does not assume homogeneity, and overcomes the drawbacks described above. In this approach, the difference between the measured and predicted displacement field is minimized by seeking the optimal distribution of elastic parameters. The predicted displacements and recovered elastic parameters together satisfy the constraint of the equations of equilibrium. This approach, which has been applied in two spatial dimensions assuming plane strain, has yielded accurate material property distributions. Here, we describe the extension of the inverse problem approach to three dimensions. In addition to the advantage of visualizing elastic properties in three dimensions, this extension eliminates the plane strain assumption and is therefore closer to the true physical state. It does, however, incur greater computational costs. We address this challenge through a modified adjoint problem, spatially adaptive grid resolution, and three-dimensional decomposition techniques. Through these techniques the inverse problem is solved on a typical desktop machine within a wall clock time of ~ 20 hours. We present the details of the method and quantitative elasticity images of phantoms and tissue samples.
Fission-Produced <sup>99</sup>Mo Without a Nuclear Reactor (2016)

<sup>99</sup>Mo, the parent of the widely used medical isotope <sup>99m</sup>Tc, is currently produced by irradiation of enriched uranium in nuclear reactors. The supply of this isotope is encumbered by the aging of these reactors and concerns about international transportation and nuclear proliferation. <b>Methods:</b> We report results for the production of <sup>99</sup>Mo from the accelerator-driven subcritical fission of an aqueous solution containing low enriched uranium. The predominately fast neutrons generated by impinging high-energy electrons onto a tantalum convertor are moderated to thermal energies to increase fission processes. The separation, recovery, and purification of <sup>99</sup>Mo were demonstrated using a recycled uranyl sulfate solution. <b>Conclusion:</b> The <sup>99</sup>Mo yield and purity were found to be unaffected by reuse of the previously irradiated and processed uranyl sulfate solution. Results from a 51.8-GBq <sup>99</sup>Mo production run are presented.
Small Interfering RNA Effectively Inhibits the Expression of SARS Coronavirus Membrane Gene at Two Novel Targeting Sites (2010)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of duplex RNA molecules of 21-25 nt nucleotides in length functioning post-transcriptionally to downregulate targeted gene expression. The membrane (M) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is highly abundant during viral infections and is a critical element for viral assembly. Nucleotide substitution in the viral genome occurs frequently during SARS-CoV infection. In the current study, we analyzed the M gene sequences derived from 15 SARS-CoV isolates and uncovered six nucleotide substitutions among these isolates. Interestingly, these nucleotide substitutions are all located at the 5' half of the M gene. Based on this information and previous reports, we created two novel siRNAs targeting two unexplored and well conserved regions in the M gene. The effects of these two siRNAs were tested by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and EGFP-M fusion gene expression. The results demonstrated that both siRNAs effectively and specifically blocked the targeted gene expression. Real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that siRNA targeting the 3' half of the M gene (si-M2) induced more potent inhibition than that targeting the 5' half (si-M1). Both si-M1 and si-M2 significantly downregulated M gene mediated upregulation of interferon b expression. Thus, our results indicate that SARS-CoV M gene specific siRNA might function in a sequence-dependent manner.
Error and erasure rates for two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2009)

In this paper, we apply a method to view two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) system as a binary error and erasure channel to experimentally determine some bounds on capacity for the TDMR channel. We analyze two different TDMR read-channel models, Voronoi-grain model and random-grain model, to determine the effects of write-errors on the capacity bounds.