gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heparan Sulfate Undergoes Specific Structural Changes during the Progression from Human Colon Adenoma to Carcinoma in Vitro (1998)

We report a detailed analysis of heparan sulfate (HS) structure using a model of human colon carcinogenesis. Metabolically radiolabeled HS was isolated from adenoma and carcinoma cells. The chain length of HS was the same in both cell populations (Mr 20,000; 45-50 disaccharides), and the chains contained on average of two sulfated domains (S domains), identified by heparinase I scission. This enzyme produced fragments of approximate size 7 kDa, suggesting that the S domains were evenly spaced in the intact HS chain. The degree of polymer sulfation and the patterns of sulfation were strikingly different between the two HS species. When compared with adenoma HS, the iduronic acid 2-O-sulfate content of the carcinoma-derived material was reduced by 33%, and the overall level of N-sulfation was reduced by 20%. However, the level of 6-O-sulfation was increased by 24%, and this was almost entirely attributable to an enhanced level of N-sulfated glucosamine 6-O-sulfate, a species whose data implied was mainly located in the mixed sequences of alternating N-sulfated and N-acetylated disaccharides. The results indicate that in the transition to malignancy in human colon adenoma cells, the overall molecular organization of HS is preserved, but there are distinct modifications in both the S domains and their flanking mixed domains that may contribute to the aberrant behavior of the cancer cell.
2-[(1<i>Z</i>)-(9-Ethyl-9<i>H</i>-carbazol-3-yl)methyleneamino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carbonitrile–benzene (2/1) (2010)

In the title compound, 2C(24)H(21)N(3)S·C(6)H(6), the two independent Schiff base mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit differ in the orientation of the tetra-hydro-benzothio-phene ring system with respect to the carbazole ring system by 180° rotation about the C-C bond in the C-C=N-C linkage. The two mol-ecules also differ in the orientation of the ethyl groups [C-N-C-C torsion angle of 90.7 (3)° in mol-ecule A, and -79.4 (3)° in mol-ecule B]. In mol-ecule B, two methyl-ene C atoms of the cyclo-hexene ring are disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.58 (1) and 0.42 (1). The cyclo-hexene rings in both mol-ecules adopt half-chair conformations. The dihedral angle between the thio-phene ring and the carbazole ring system is 8.07 (9)° in mol-ecule A [3.10 (9)° in mol-ecule B]. In the crystal structure, the independent mol-ecules are linked into dimers by inter-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. In addition, C-H⋯π inter-actions are observed.
Outdoor to Indoor Propagation Channel Measurements at 28 GHz (2019)

Outdoor to indoor penetration loss is one of the crucial challenges faced at millimeter-wave frequencies. This paper presents the results from 28-GHz channel sounding campaigns performed to investigate the impact of this phenomenon on the wireless propagation channel characteristics in small cell and fixed wireless access scenarios. The measurements are performed with a real-time channel sounder equipped with phased array antennas that allow beam-forming and electronic beam steering for directionally resolved measurements. Thanks to the short measurement time and the excellent phase stability of the system, we obtain both directional and omnidirectional channel power delay profiles without any delay uncertainty. We compare the measured path loss, delay spread, and angular spread for indoor and outdoor receiver locations for two different types of buildings. We find that the penetration loss strongly depends on the angle of incidence, and the scatterers on the outside of the building strongly impact how much power is coupled into the building. Based on the results, we provide statistical models for path loss, delay spread, and angular spread.
A Case of Food-dependent Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis after Grapefruit Ingestion (2005)

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is characterized by anaphylactic symptoms after eating certain foods, followed by exercise. It was first described in 1979 in a patient who showed anaphylaxis after shellfish ingestion and exercise.1 Here, we would like to add grapefruit as an instigating food of FDEIA. A 17-year-old female high school student experienced anaphylactic symptoms, which were composed of dyspnea , hives , and Quincke’s edema during physical exercise (sprint training) after lunch. She had eaten lettuce, cabbage, egg, fish cake of cod, rice, cucumber, chicken, ume apricot, and grapefruit for lunch. She had a history of atopic dermatitis and egg allergy during childhood. Her father had solar dermatitis and her mother had cedar-pollinosis. On admission, three months after the initial anaphylaxis, no significant findings were found in the physical examination. She did not have eosinophilia , but had high titers of serum IgE (1539 U ml ). Skin tests revealed positive reactions to cabbage, cod, and grapefruit, but negative reactions to almond, peanut and wheat. Open-labeled oral challenge tests, which were performed using 60 g wet weight of cabbage, cod, or grapefruit, failed to induce any allergic reactions. Ingestion of these foods, followed by exercise (100 kcal on a stationary bicycle), also did not induce any reactions . We administered 500 mg aspirin per os, followed by both food ingestion and exercise . 2,3 Only grapefruit induced anaphylactic reactions such as dyspnea, angioedema of the eyelids , and hypotension, especially in diastolic blood pressure. Her blood pressure decreased from 141 86 mmHg to 105 25 mmHg before injection of epinephrine. However, aspirin loading followed by exercise did not induce any allergic reactions. She was told to avoid grapefruit and has experienced no further reactions. Shellfish is the most common trigger allergen in the United States,4 while wheat is the major contributing factor to FDEIA in Japan . 5 Strawberry and peach are the fruits most implicated as causes of FDEIA.4 This is the first report of FDEIA induced by grapefruit . We would like to add grapefruit to the etiopathogenetic agents in FDEIA.
The AirBook (2001)

We describe a prototype of the AirBook, an assistive reading device that combines dynamic text (especially RSVP, that is, rapid serial visual presentation) with force-free capacitive field sensors to create a simple, easily controlled assistive reading device. This reader is designed to assist people with visual disabilities (like dyslexia, loss of fine motor control or loss of contrast sensitivity) by giving them more control over font size and contrast. It's also for people with upper-body disabilities, lack of fine muscle control, or severe arthritis, all of which can make the reading of standard paper books difficult. The force-free sensor system can be adjusted for large-scale motion or for tiny ranges of movement, and requires no pressure or fiddling with physical objects. The sensors read the proximity of a human limb, and adjust parameters on the text accordingly. For example, the reading device can be controlled with the motion of one finger if necessary, or adjusted to read the motion of an entire arm or leg.
High-power ultra-fast single- and multi-mode quantum dot lasers with superior beam profile (2004)

Universal self-organisation on surfaces of semiconductors upon deposition of a few non-lattice-matched monolayers using MOCVD or MBE lead to the formation of quantum dots. Their electronic and optical properties are closer to those of atoms than of solids. We have demonstrated for QD-lasers a record low transparency current density of 6A/cm<sup>2</sup> per dot layer at 1.16 &mu;m, high-power of 12W, an internal quantum efficiency of 98%, and an internal loss below 1.5 cm-1. Relaxation oscillations indicate the potential for cut-off frequencies larger than 10 GHz. GaAs-based QD-lasers emitting at 1.3 &mu;m exhibit output power of 5 W and single transverse mode operation up to 300 mW. At 1.5 &mu;m again an output power of 5 W has been obtained for first devices showing a transparency current of 700 A/cm<sup>2</sup>. Single mode lasers at 1.16 and 1.3 &mu;m show no beam filamentation, reduced M<sup>2</sup>, sensitivity to optical feedback by 30 db and &alpha;-parameter as compared to quantum well lasers. Passive mode locking of 1.3 &mu;m lasers up to 20 GHz is obtained. Thus GaAs-lasers can now replace InP-based ones at least in the range up to 1.3 µm, probably up to 1.55 &mu;m.
Inhibition of Lysenin-induced Hemolysis by All-E-Lutein Derived from the Plant Dalbergia latifolia (2012)

Lysenin is a pore-forming toxin derived from coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia foetida. The model of lysenin-induced hemolysis includes the specific binding of lysenin to sphingomyelin, oligomerization of the pore proteins, and pore formation. Although the mechanism of lysenin-induced hemolysis is unique, its precise mechanism of action and its inhibitors are poorly understood. In the present study, we screened for inhibitors of lysenin-induced hemolysis by using an optimized screening system and found a methanolic extract of Dalbergia latifolia leaves to be a potential candidate. After isolation and identification, all-E-lutein was identified as the hemolysis inhibitor with an effective dose of 0.025-2.5 ng/mL without any toxicity. The inhibition by all-E-lutein is likely to occur during the receptor binding and/or pore-forming protein oligomerization.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of N-aryl-glyoxamide derivatives as structurally novel bacterial quorum sensing inhibitors (2015)

Bacteria cooperatively regulate the expression of many phenotypes through a mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). Many Gram-negative bacteria use an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated QS system to control biofilm formation and virulence factor production. In recent years, quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) have become attractive tools to overcome antimicrobial resistance exhibited by various pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we report the design and synthesis of novel N-arylisatin-based glyoxamide derivatives via the ring-opening reaction of N-aryl isatins with cyclic and acylic amines, and amino acid esters. The QSI activity of the synthesized compounds was determined in the LasR-expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa MH602 and LuxR-expressing Escherichia coli MT102 reporter strains. Compounds 31 and 32 exhibited the greatest QSI activity in P. aeruginosa MH602, with 48.7% and 42.7% reduction in QS activity at 250 μM, respectively, while compounds 31 and 34 showed 73.6% and 43.7% QSI activity in E. coli MT102. In addition, the ability of these compounds to inhibit the production of pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa (PA14) was also determined, with compound 28 showing 47% inhibition at 250 μM. Furthermore, computational docking studies were performed on the LasR receptor protein of P. aeruginosa, which showed that formation of a hydrogen bonding network played a major role in influencing the QS inhibitory activity. We envisage that these novel non-AHL glyoxamide derivatives could become a new tool for the study of QS and potentially for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Evaluation of cyclic deformation behavior of laser-welded shape memory NiTi alloys at different working temperatures (2014)

Post-weld heat-treatment (PWHT) has been established as one of the cost-effective ways to improve the functional properties, namely shape memory and super-elastic effects (SME and SE), of laser-welded NiTi alloys. However, the functional performance of the laser-welded joint at different working temperatures has not been explored yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different working temperatures on the functional properties of the laser-welded NiTi alloys before and after PWHT by applying cyclic deformation tests. Two laser-welded samples: as-welded and heat-treated sample (after PWHT at 350 °C or 623 K) were tested in this work at room temperature, 50 °C (or 323 K) and 75 °C (or 348 K) respectively. The samples were cyclically loaded and unloaded for 10 cycles up to 4 % strain. The critical stress to induce the martensitic transformation and the residual strain after the cyclic tests were recorded. The results indicate that the heat-treated sample exhibited better functional properties than the as-welded sample at room temperature and 50 °C (or 323 K). However, both the as-welded and heat-treated samples failed in the cyclic tests at 75 °C (or 348 K). These findings are important to determine the feasible working temperature range for the laser-welded NiTi components to exhibit desirable functional properties in engineering applications involving cyclic loading.
International validation of an automated algorithm to classify the severity of facial palsy (2019)

Subjective classification of patients with facial palsy using grading systems like House-Brackmann-Scale or the Sunnybrook Grading scale still is the standard in clinical routine. Because subjective grading has a limited intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability automated classification systems are urgently needed. This would also allow a better comparison of studies (for instance to compare different types of facial nerve reconstructive surgery) and patients with different ethnic background. In Jena, Germany, we have established an interdisciplinary Facial Nerve Center dealing with different kind of facial palsies (peripheral, central palsy) and different types of therapies (conservative, surgery). We have developed and validated a video tutorial to standardize the recording of facial nerve movements in patients with different types of facial palsy. The videos allow an evaluation of all important facial nerve functions. Furthermore, we habe developed together with the chair of image analysis a prototype of a new software based on machine learning algorithms to classify facial palsies automatically based on standardized photographs. At the moment we transfer the technology on video data. We would like to perform a bi-national Chinese-German clinical trial to train the algorithm also for Chinese patients and validate the results in this international setting.
Design and development of an EMR for Ebola Treatment Centers in Sierra Leone using OpenMRS (2015)

Ebola treatment presents unique challenges for medical records because strict infection control requirements rule out most conventional record-keeping systems. We used the OpenMRS platform to rapidly develop an EMR system for the recently opened Kerry Town, Sierra Leone Ebola Treatment Centre. This system addresses the need for recording patient data and communicating it between the infectious and non-infectious zones, and is specifically designed for maximum usability by staff wearing cumbersome protective equipment. This platform is interoperable with other key eHealth systems in the country, and is extensible to other sites and diseases.
An Information Theoretic Approach to Quantifying Evolutionary Functional Trends (2007)

The accumulation of genomic and proteomic data of many organisms presents an opportunity to analyze entire phylogenetic trees in a systematic, quantified manner. The Universal Tree of Life, constructed by genomic data, provides an evolutionary context for proteomic data of individual organisms. Using proteomic information mapped to biological functions, we survey the Tree of Life for evolutionary trends, where trends are low p-value linear regressions of relative protein diversity against an evolutionary timeline. These trends provide quantified perspectives across evolution that would be otherwise difficult to discern from the large amount of available bioinformatic data. We analyzed 22, 762 functions across 167 proteomes for approximately 3.8 million information content calculations. Of particular interest is the rise of protein-protein interactions along the path of mammalian evolution. Of general interest are the numerous uncovered trends that open the door to future queries of focused scope.
Multipanel Limited Angle PET System With 50 ps FWHM Coincidence Time Resolution: A Simulation Study (2021)

In this simulation study, we evaluate the performance of a limited angular coverage PET system consisting of two/four fast-timing 50 ps FWHM CTR flat-panel detectors made of 5–20 mm long pixelated lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals. We studied image quality and count rates following the National Electrical Manufacturers Association standard, spatial resolution by imaging a Derenzo phantom and a hot rod, and investigated the sensitivity of different scanner designs. We demonstrated the possible use of such a scanner by imaging a human head and a torso of the extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) digital phantom. All the designs were compared to the reference scanner, based on Siemens Biograph Vision PET/CT scanner geometry. We show that good coincidence timing resolution (CTR) can compensate for lower detection efficiency or smaller angular coverage. Good image quality can be obtained with a simple limited-angle PET system without distortions or artefacts. Substantial degradation of the spatial resolution with increased crystal length is observed in the two-panel design due to the parallax error, but not in the four-panel design. The four-panel design simulated with a CTR of 50 ps FWHM is comparable to that of the current state-of-the-art clinical PET/CT scanner. Similar fast-timing limited-angle planar detectors could enable much less expensive total-body or single organ (dynamically selectable) imaging devices.
Residual Saturation Based Kalman Filter for Smart Grid State Estimation Under Cyber Attacks (2019)

Most of the traditional state estimation algorithms are provided false alarm when there is attack. This paper proposes an attack-resilient algorithm where attack is automatically ignored, and the state estimation process is continuing which acts a grid-eye for monitoring whole power systems. After modeling the smart grid incorporating distributed energy resources, the smart sensors are deployed to gather measurement information where sensors are prone to attacks. Based on the noisy and cyber attack measurement information, the optimal state estimation algorithm is designed. When the attack is happened, the measurement residual error dynamic goes high and it can ignore using proposed saturation function. Moreover, the proposed saturation function is automatically computed in a dynamic way considering residual error and deigned parameters. Combing the aforementioned approaches, the Kalman filter algorithm is modified which is applied to the smart grid state estimation. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides high estimation accuracy.
Taxonomy of Phylum Microspora (1992)

(1992). Taxonomy of Phylum Microspora. Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 18, No. 5-6, pp. 285-395.
Propylene Hydrogenation and Propane Dehydrogenation by a Single-Site Zn<sup>2+</sup> on Silica Catalyst (2014)

This study reports the highly selective (more than 95%) dehydrogenation of propane to propylene as well as the reverse hydrogenation reaction by silica-supported single-site Zn(II) catalyst. The catalyst is thermally stable at dehydrogenation temperature (550 °C and above), and catalytic byproducts are small. In situ UV-resonance Raman, XANES, and EXAFS spectra reveal that tetrahedrally coordinated Zn(II) ions are chemisorbed into the strained three-membered siloxane rings on the amorphous silica surface. Under reaction conditions, the Zn(II) ion loses one Zn–O bond, resulting in a coordinatively unsaturated, 3-coordinate active center. The infrared spectrum of adsorbed pyridine indicates that these are Lewis acid sites. Theoretical calculations based on hybrid density functional theory suggest that the catalyst activates H–H and C–H bonds by a nonredox (metal) mechanism consisting of heterolytic cleavage of C–H bonds, in contrast with the homolytic mechanisms such as oxidative addition/reductive elimination pathways. The computed minority catalytic pathway consists of undesired C–C bond cleavage at Zn(II) site, follows a slightly different mechanism, and has a significantly higher activation energy barrier. These mechanisms are consistent with the high olefin selectivity observed for single-site Zn(II) on SiO2.
Ophthalmic Manifestations of ROSAH (Retinal Dystrophy, Optic Nerve Edema, Splenomegaly, Anhidrosis, and Headache) Syndrome, an Inherited NF κB–Mediated Autoinflammatory Disease with Retinal Dystrophy (2022)

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Splenic Macrophages From the NOD Mouse Are Defective in the Ability to Present Antigen (1998)

IDDM results from the destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by autoreactive T-cells that appear to avoid deletion early in development, possibly due to improper interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) resident in the thymus or periphery. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, there exists a defect in APC function characterized by its failure to fully mature upon stimulation. The NOD mouse thus provides an excellent model for the investigation of APC dysfunction and development and how these relate to the incidence of autoimmune diabetes. We initiated studies of APC function in the NOD mouse with respect to antigen processing and presentation, using a well-characterized antigen hen egg lysozyme (HEL) and comparing it with the closely related, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (I-Ag7) identical, diabetes-resistant mouse strain NOR. Proliferation assays comparing NOD and NOR HEL-specific T-cells demonstrated that the T-cell proliferation response of the NOD mouse to both native and denatured forms of the antigen is lower than that of NOR. When crisscross proliferation experiments were conducted using purified T-cells and irradiated spleen cells as APCs from both strains, the results demonstrated that the defect in proliferation resided in the APC compartment of activation. The levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) were compared in splenic macrophages from NOD and NOR mice; it was found that on antigenic stimulation, NOR macrophages produced significantly more intracellular GSH than did NOD macrophages, even under hyperglycemic (50 mmol/l glucose) conditions. The lower amount of GSH seen in the NOD may result in less efficient processing of antigen, and subsequently, lower levels of T-cell activation.
Distributed Systems Robust to Hand Loading Based on Nonresonant Elements (2013)

ABSTRACT Miniature and multiband internal antenna systems are strongly required in emergent multifunction wireless devices. Recent techniques are focused on properly exciting ground plane radiation modes through nonresonant elements. These solutions remove the need of including quarter‐wavelength resonant antennas featured by a considerable size. Nevertheless, in this new scenario, the complexity moves toward not only the reduction of the size of the elements used to excite the ground plane mode but also to the simplification of the radiofrequency system used to attain impedance matching. This article proposes the use of distributed systems based on nonresonant elements for solving the bandwidth and efficiency limitations of previous solutions while adding robustness to hand loading effects. Two different feeding schemes, an in‐phase and an out‐of‐phase feeding scheme are simulated, measured, and compared in free‐space as well as regarding the presence of a phantom hand. The proposal provides octo‐band operation and attains a radiating system robust to hand loading effects capable of properly operating in nine communication standards, LTE700, GSM850, GSM900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2100, LTE2300, and LTE2500. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2307–2317, 2013