gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pavia symposium on embryos and stem cells (2009)

Stem cells occur in very small numbers in adult tissues, in higher numbers in the fetus and its annexes and they can be derived from whole embryos or parts thereof. For a couple of years, stem cells can also be derived straight from somatic cells by retrovirus-mediated transfer of selected genes in culture. Stem cells have varying capacities for self-renewal and differentiation according to their origin, up to the point that they can be propagated in vitro for years and give rise to a wide range of cell types. This makes them suitable means for cell and tissue-replacement therapies. Gaining access to stem cells involves manipulation of living organisms i.e. human beings or animal models. The extent of manipulation ranges from the mere biopsy and culture of body cells in vitro, to their genetic manipulation and back-grafting in vivo.This raises bioethical issues as to whether we should manipulate animal and in particular human life. Many scientific meetings have been organized to present research findings on stem cells and on their potency, differentiation and therapeutic applications for treating disease. In many of these meetings, the ‘mother’ of all stem cells - the embryo - has often been ignored, because embryonic stem cells do not exist as such in the embryo and because the manipulation of the embryo brings up ethical concerns.To make up for this omission, the theme of our meeting was ‘Pluripotency and differentiation in embryos and stem cells’.With a strong sense of purpose and commitment, we managed to hold a two-day symposium concerned with three major topics: 1) natural and induced pluripotency; 2) mechanisms of cell fate control; 3) adult and cancer stem cells. The meeting took place on January 17th-18th 2008 in the beautiful, frescoed halls of Collegio Ghislieri and Borromeo, two foremost colleges in the Pavia campus. A small but prominent group of scientists took part in the meeting – James Adjaye (Germany), Anne Grete Byskov (Denmark), Jose Cibelli (USA), Ruggero De Maria (Italy), Stephen Minger (UK), Maurilio Sampaolesi (Belgium), Hans Schöler (Germany), Giuseppe Testa (Italy), Catherine Verfaillie (Belgium) and Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz (UK). Here, we present the organizers’ perspective on the meeting. It goes without saying that we may not have rendered the contents the same way as the speakers did, but we do hope that the overall meaning was preserved. The speakers have been invited to contribute to a comprehensive account of the meeting, and we hope this report makes a good start.
Characterization of Purified New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (2011)

New Delhi metallo-β-lactmase-1 (NDM-1) has recently emerged as a global threat because of its ability to confer resistance to almost all clinically used β-lactam antibiotics, its presence within an easily transmissible plasmid bearing a number of other antibiotic resistance determinants, its carriage in a variety of enterobacteria, and its presence in both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. To improve our understanding of the molecular basis of this threat, NDM-1 was purified and characterized. Recombinant NDM-1 bearing its native leader sequence was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 cells. The major processed form found to be released into culture media contains a 35-residue truncation at the N-terminus. This form of NDM-1 is monomeric and can be purified with 1.8 or 1.0 equiv of zinc ion, depending on the experimental conditions. Treatment of dizinc NDM-1 with EDTA results in complete removal of both zinc ions, but the relatively weaker chelator PAR chelates only 1 equiv of zinc ion from folded protein but 1.9 equiv of zinc ion from denatured protein, indicating different affinities for each metal binding site. UV–vis spectroscopy of the dicobalt metalloform along with molecular dynamics simulations of the dizinc metallo form indicates that the dinuclear metal cluster at the active site of NDM-1 is similar in structure to other class B1 metallo-β-lactamases. Supplementation of excess zinc ions to monozinc NDM-1 has differential effects on enzyme activity with respect to three different classes of β-lactam substrates tested, penems, cephems, and carbapenems, and likely reflects dissimilar contributions of the second equivalent of metal ion to the catalysis of the hydrolysis of these substrates. Fits to these concentration dependencies are used to approximate the Kd value of the more weakly bound zinc ion (2 μM). NDM-1 achieved maximal activity with all substrates tested when supplemented with approximately 10 μM ZnSO4, displaying kcat/KM values ranging from 1.4 × 106 to 2.0 × 107 M–1 s–1, and a slight preference for cephem substrates. This work provides a foundation for an improved understanding of the molecular basis of NDM-1-mediated antibiotic resistance and should allow more quantitative studies to develop targeted therapeutics.
Microbial Impact on Host Metabolism: Opportunities for Novel Treatments of Nutritional Disorders? (2017)

Malnutrition is the cause of major public health concerns worldwide. On the one hand, obesity and associated pathologies (also known as the metabolic syndrome) affect more than 10% of the world population. Such pathologies might arise from an elevated inflammatory tone. We have discovered that the inflammatory properties of high-fat diets were linked to the translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We proposed a mechanism associating the gut microbiota with the onset of insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, a phenomenon that we called "metabolic endotoxemia." We and others have shown that bacteria as well as host-derived immune-related elements control microbial communities and eventually contribute to the phenotype observed during diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and metabolic inflammation. On the other hand, undernutrition is one of the leading causes of death in children. A diet poor in energy and/or nutrients causes incomplete development of the gut microbiota and may profoundly affect energy absorption, initiating stunted growth, edema, and diarrhea. In this review, we discuss how changes in microbiota composition are associated with obesity and undernutrition. We also highlight that opposite consequences exist in terms of energy absorption from the diet (obesity versus undernutrition), but interestingly the two situations share similar defects in term of diversity, functionality, and inflammatory potential.
Coherent coupling between a quantum dot and a donor in silicon. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Improved additional data transmission based on low density parity check code for the ATSC terrestrial DTV systems (2012)

This paper proposes an improved additional data transmission (ADT) system based on low density parity check (LDPC) code which can transmit an additional data stream in the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) terrestrial digital television system. The LDPC code based ADT system can offer an additional data of rate up to a few megabits per second (Mbps) which is significantly increased compared to the conventional data transmission schemes used in the transmitter identification system.
The Virtual Office of the Future: Are Centralized Workplaces Obsolete? (2020)

ABSTRACT The worldwide spread of coronavirus is vigorously affecting our everyday life and many industries. Unforeseen, a significant number of workforces are required to work from home, impacting creativity, work performance, and social interaction. Video conferencing is consequently substituting in-person meetings, and new workplaces are arranged in domestic environments, causing a fundamental shift in how employees work and interact. To lower the unfavorable impact of continuous telecommuting, we highlight virtual reality technology as a potential solution to enhance domestic workplaces. In this position paper, we discuss the opportunities and current challenges for working in virtual reality. We focus on two application scenarios and present recent solutions to enable knowledge workers to work and interact in virtual reality and trends on how virtual reality services could substitute video conferencing. As a result, we envision a virtual office of the future, making centralized workplaces obsolete and highlight open research questions to realize productive and pleasant work in virtual reality. Keywords mixed reality, virtual reality, workplaces, virtual office, collaboration, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 ABOUT THE AUTHOR/S PASCAL KNIERIM LMU Munich pascal.knierim@lmu.de Pascal Knierim is a researcher in the Human-Centered Ubiquitous Media group at the LMU Munich, Germany. Prior, he was at the Human-Computer Interaction and Cognitive Systems group at the University of Stuttgart. His research focus includes augmented and virtual reality as ubiquitous computing technology. He is investigating the lifecycle of mixed reality applications and how they will influence our everyday life. Knierim has worked for Nokia and Microsoft Research in Cambridge. ALBRECHT SCHMIDT LMU Munich albrecht.schmidt@ifi.lmu.de New Future of Work 2020, August 3–5, 2020 © 2020 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).
Structural Properties of the Human Acidic Ribosomal P Proteins Forming the P1-P2 Heterocomplex (2007)

The ribosome has a morphologically distinct structural feature called the stalk, recognized as a vital element for its function. The ribosomal P proteins constitute the main part of the eukaryotic ribosomal stalk, forming a pentameric structure P0-(P1-P2)(2). The group of P1/P2 proteins in eukaryotes is very diverse, and in spite of functional and structural similarities they do not fully complement one another, probably constituting an adaptive feature of the ribosome from a particular species to diverse environmental conditions. The functional differences among the P1/P2 proteins were analysed in vivo several times; however, a thorough molecular characterization was only done for the yeast P1/P2 proteins. Here, we report a biophysical analysis of the human P1 and P2 proteins, applying mass spectrometry, CD and fluorescence spectroscopy, cross-linking and size exclusion chromatography. The human P1/P2 proteins form stable heterodimer, as it is the case for P1/P2 from yeast. However, unlike the yeast complex P1A-P2B, the human P1-P2 dimer showed a three-state transition mechanism, suggesting that an intermediate species may exist in solution.
Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Human Monkeypox: An Initial Series From Massachusetts, United States (2022)

A large, ongoing multicountry outbreak of human monkeypox has the potential to cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Therapeutics for the treatment of smallpox, a related <i>Orthopoxvirus</i>, may be used and affect the natural history of monkeypox. We present 3 patients from our hospitals treated with tecovirimat, a pan-<i>Orthopoxvirus</i> inhibitor currently available under an expanded access investigational new drug protocol for monkeypox.
TD‐SCDMA (2010)

From the start the use of the Time Division Duplex (TDD) operation was part of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) operation to deal with the unpaired spectrum allocations. In Release 99, the 3.84 Mcps TDD mode was included together with the first WCDMA release in the specifications. For the next release, Release 4, the 1.28 Mcps TDD mode was added, known more widely as TD-SCDMA. This chapter focuses in covering the TD-SCDMA operation. It introduces TDD operation as a duplex method and covers the radio access network architecture differences between TD-SCDMA and WCDMA. The chapter discusses the physical layer, including the physical channels of TD-SCDMA and the achievable data rates and UE classes. It covers the TD-SCDMA physical layer procedures, including the HSDPA and HSUPA operation principles with TD-SCDMA. The chapter covers the key interference issues, including also TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE (LTE TDD mode co-existence). Controlled Vocabulary Terms multiaccess communication; time division synchronous code division multiple access
Feasibility of a High-Volume Filter Sampler for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 Patient Rooms (2021)

Aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 by COVID-19 patients can put healthcare workers and susceptible individuals at risk of infection. Air sampling for SARS-CoV-2 has been conducted in healthcare settings, but methods vary widely and there is need for improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a high-volume filter sampler, BioCapture z720, to detect SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patient rooms in a medical intensive care unit, a dedicated COVID-19 ward, and at nurses' stations. In some locations, the BioSpot-VIVAS, known for high efficiency in the collection of virus-containing bioaerosols, was also operated. The samples were processed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA with multi-plex nested polymerase chain reaction. One of 28 samples collected with the high-volume filter sampler was positive for SARS-CoV-2; all 6 samples collected with BioSpot-VIVAS were negative for SARS-CoV-2. The high-volume filter sampler was more portable and less intrusive in patient rooms than the BioSpot-VIVAS, but limits of detection remain unknown for this device. This study will inform future work to evaluate the reliability of these types of instruments and inform best practices for their use in healthcare environments for SARS-CoV-2 air sampling.
Contribution of histological, serological, and genetic factors to the clinical heterogeneity of adult-onset coeliac disease (2009)

Histological severity at diagnosis of CD is associated with anaemia and some micronutrient deficiencies, but no other clinical features. The proportion of EMA-positive patients is higher amongst those carrying HLA-DQ2 than in those carrying HLA-DQ8, and is highest in HLA-DQ2 homozygotes. We found no correlation between frequency of the HLA-DQ alleles encoding HLA-DQ2.5 and CD severity.
Metabolism of 2-fluoro-4-iodoaniline in earthworm<b><i>Eisenia veneta</i></b>using<sup>19</sup>F-NMR spectroscopy, HPLC-MS, and HPLC-ICPMS (<sup>127</sup>I) (2007)

A combination of (19)F-NMR spectroscopy, HPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-MS with constant neutral loss scanning of 127, and HPLC-ICPMS with iodine detection has enabled the profiling, quantification, and limited characterization of the metabolites produced in the earthworm Eisenia veneta, following exposure to 2-fluoro-4-iodoaniline. Mass spectrometric analysis of the worm tissue and coelomic fluid afforded the identification of two Phase II metabolites, N-glutamyl and N-glucoside conjugates, indicating the importance of these pathways in the detoxification of xenobiotics for earthworms. Several further metabolites were observed and quantified by (19)F-NMR spectroscopy and HPLC-(127)I-ICPMS, although these were of low abundance and their structures were not unequivocally identified. The parent compound and the glutamyl conjugate were found to be the major xenobiotic components of both the coelomic fluid and the worm tissue, representing approximately 23 and approximately 35%, respectively, of the dose that was recovered from the earthworm tissue extract.
Evaluation of irradiance and radiant exposure on the polymerization and mechanical properties of a resin composite (2022)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of irradiance and radiant exposure on the chemical-mechanical properties of a resin composite. A micro-hybrid resin composite (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) was investigated under two different irradiances: low (300 mW/cm2) and high (800 mW/cm2) and radiant exposures: 8 and 16 J/cm2. Four groups, named Low 8 J/cm2, High 8 J/cm2, Low 16 J/cm2, and High 16 J/cm2 were tested, and their flexural strengths, elastic moduli, depths of cure, and degrees of conversion were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. A multiple linear regression model was used to correlate the irradiance and radiant exposure with dependent variables (α = 0.05). Irradiance and radiant exposure were found statistically significant for all dependent variables. The interaction between the factors was statistically significant only for the degree of conversion and elastic modulus. Group Low 16 J/cm2 exhibited a significantly superior performance in all the evaluated properties. Barring the degree of conversion, no significant differences were observed among the properties evaluated between the Low 8 J/cm2 and High 8 J/cm2 groups. The adjusted R2 values were high for the depth of cure and degree of conversion (0.58 and 0.96, respectively). Both irradiance and radiant exposure parameters play an important role in establishing the final properties of a micro-hybrid resin composite. Irradiance has a greater influence under higher radiant exposures.
Quasi 1-dimensional photonic crystals as building block for compact integrated optical sensors (2004)

A quasi one-dimensional photonic crystal has been fabricated and the applicability of this kind of structure for optical sensing has been investigated by measuring the transmission spectra as a function of the cladding refractive index. The cladding index was varied using a liquid flow, of which the index was slowly varied over a small range. The shift with cladding index of the steep stop band edge provides a relatively sensitive detection mechanism in an extremely compact device.
Evaluation of optical imaging and spectroscopy approaches for cardiac tissue depth assessment (2008)

NIR light scattering from ex vivo porcine cardiac tissue was investigated to understand how imaging or point measurement approaches may assist development of methods for tissue depth assessment. Our results indicate an increase of average image intensity as thickness increases up to approximately 2 mm. In a dual fiber spectroscopy configuration, sensitivity up to approximately 3 mm with an increase to 6 mm when spectral ratio between selected wavelengths was obtained. Preliminary Monte Carlo results provided reasonable fit to the experimental data.
High frequency measurement of multilayer ceramic capacitors (1996)

The monolithic ceramic capacitor (MLC) is small and has good high frequency performance. It is used in various high frequency circuits for impedance matching, DC block, filter and bypass functions. For the best performance in these applications, low equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL) is required. We have developed the testing method to compare the performance of different MLC designs to find out the effect on the ESR and ESL. In order to measure the high frequency performance accurately, we have developed a test fixture using the microstrip design. The fixture has a return loss of greater than 30 dB and the insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB. The MLC is mounted on the microstrip fixture and the return loss (RL) and the insertion loss (IL) is measured. A network analyzer is used to compensate for the fixture to obtain good data up to 15 GHz. Using this method, we compare two designs for microwave power applications and two designs for high speed digital applications. We have developed the ultra small capacitor that has good performance in high speed digital circuits.
Phenotypic Changes, Signaling Pathway, and Functional Correlates of GPR17-expressing Neural Precursor Cells during Oligodendrocyte Differentiation (2011)

The developing and mature central nervous system contains neural precursor cells expressing the proteoglycan NG2. Some of these cells continuously differentiate to myelin-forming oligodendrocytes; knowledge of the destiny of NG2(+) precursors would benefit from the characterization of new key functional players. In this respect, the G protein-coupled membrane receptor GPR17 has recently emerged as a new timer of oligodendrogliogenesis. Here, we used purified oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to fully define the immunophenotype of the GPR17-expressing cells during OPC differentiation, unveil its native signaling pathway, and assess the functional consequences of GPR17 activation by its putative endogenous ligands, uracil nucleotides and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs). GPR17 presence was restricted to very early differentiation stages and completely segregated from that of mature myelin. Specifically, GPR17 decorated two subsets of slowly proliferating NG2(+) OPCs: (i) morphologically immature cells expressing other early proteins like Olig2 and PDGF receptor-α, and (ii) ramified preoligodendrocytes already expressing more mature factors, like O4 and O1. Thus, GPR17 is a new marker of these transition stages. In OPCs, GPR17 activation by either uracil nucleotides or cysLTs resulted in potent inhibition of intracellular cAMP formation. This effect was counteracted by GPR17 antagonists and receptor silencing with siRNAs. Finally, uracil nucleotides promoted and GPR17 inhibition, by either antagonists or siRNAs, impaired the normal program of OPC differentiation. These data have implications for the in vivo behavior of NG2(+) OPCs and point to uracil nucleotides and cysLTs as main extrinsic local regulators of these cells under physiological conditions and during myelin repair.
Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) prevents TGF-β-induced pro-fibrotic effects in primary human lung myofibroblasts derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2014)

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with poor prognosis. Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor specific for platelet-derived growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Its effect on IPF disease progression measured by lung function decline has been investigated in two replicate Phase III clinical trials (INPULSIS-1 and INPULSI-2) in patients with IPF. Scant information is available on the in-vitro effect of nintedanib on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) – induced pro-fibrotic effects. Aim: To determine the in vitro effect of nintedanib on TGF-β1-stimulated primary human lung myofibroblasts. Methods: Primary human lung myofibroblasts were isolated and propagated from lung parenchyma derived from patients with IPF and from non-fibrotic control lungs. After incubation with nintedanib (0.001 - 1µM) and stimulation with or without TGF-β1, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was assessed in the culture medium by gelatin zymography, collagen secretion was quantitated by the Sircol assay, and cell proliferation was assessed by automatic cell counting. Results: In IPF myofibroblasts nintedanib prevented 1) the TGF-β1-induced reduction of pro-MMP2 expression, 2) the TGF-β1-induced enhanced secretion of collagen and 3) the pro-proliferative effect induced by TGF-β1. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that nintedanib significantly counteracts TGF-β-induced pro-fibrotic effects, and thus provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the drug's clinically documented beneficial activity.
Maturational stage-dependent thymocyte responses to TCR engagement (2005)

Thymocyte positive and negative selection are dependent on avidity-driven TCR-mediated recognition events in the thymus. High-avidity recognition events result in negative selection, while low-avidity recognition events result in positive selection. However, it has not been established how thymocytes maturation stages affect their responses to TCR signals of different avidities. We gained insight into this question when we reduced thymocyte selection to an in vitro system, in which full maturation of developmentally synchronized immature double-positive thymocytes was induced on a cloned line of thymic epithelial cells. Our analysis of the kinetics of thymocyte development supports a multi-phasic model of thymic selection. In it, thymocyte maturation stages as well as interaction avidity control the outcome TCR stimulation. Positive selection is initiated during a primary recognition event that proceeds independently of the TCR avidity. During a secondary recognition event the final fate of thymocyte, full maturation versus negative selection, is determined by TCR avidity.