gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of laser gas nitriding for biological activities on NiTi alloy (2007)

NiTi shape memory alloy (NiTi SMA) has been widely used for many medical applications such as dental and orthopaedic implants. Laser gas nitriding is one of the most effective methods to improve the surface performance of NiTi SMA. Laser gas nitrided layer was fabricated on the surface of NiTi SMA after irradiated by a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser in N2 environment. With optimum process parameters, a compact laser modified surface metal matrix composite (MMC) coating reinforced with fine TiN was achieved. There was a layer of TiN ceramics on the top of modification layer, with a thickness of 1-2 μm. Then the amount of TiN reinforcement gradually decreases across the coating. Morphology,composition and biological activities were individually investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and immersion test in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C. The results indicated that there was a good metallurgical bonding between the hard modification layer and the NiTi alloy substrate. Laser gas nitriding can effectively improve the ability of NiTi SMA to induce the formation of bone-like apatite in vitro environment.
Supplementary Data from Six-Month Efficacy and Toxicity Profile of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Cancer Patients with Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Seropositivity persistence six months after vaccination&lt;/p&gt;
FOXF1 transcription factor promotes lung regeneration after partial pneumonectomy (2017)

FOXF1, a member of the forkhead box family of transcription factors, has been previously shown to be critical for lung development, homeostasis, and injury responses. However, the role of FOXF1 in lung regeneration is unknown. Herein, we performed partial pneumonectomy, a model of lung regeneration, in mice lacking one Foxf1 allele in endothelial cells (PDGFb-iCre/Foxf1 <sup>fl/+</sup> mice). Endothelial cell proliferation was significantly reduced in regenerating lungs from mice deficient for endothelial Foxf1. Decreased endothelial proliferation was associated with delayed lung regeneration as shown by reduced respiratory volume in Foxf1-deficient lungs. FACS-sorted endothelial cells isolated from regenerating PDGFb-iCre/Foxf1 <sup>fl/+</sup> and control lungs were used for RNAseq analysis to identify FOXF1 target genes. Foxf1 deficiency altered expression of numerous genes including those regulating extracellular matrix remodeling (Timp3, Adamts9) and cell cycle progression (Cdkn1a, Cdkn2b, Cenpj, Tubb4a), which are critical for lung regeneration. Deletion of Foxf1 increased Timp3 mRNA and protein, decreasing MMP14 activity in regenerating lungs. ChIPseq analysis for FOXF1 and histone methylation marks identified DNA regulatory regions within the Cd44, Cdkn1a, and Cdkn2b genes, indicating they are direct FOXF1 targets. Thus FOXF1 stimulates lung regeneration following partial pneumonectomy via direct transcriptional regulation of genes critical for extracellular matrix remodeling and cell cycle progression.
Prevalence and Impact of De Novo Donor‐Specific Antibodies During a Multicenter Immunosuppression Withdrawal Trial in Adult Liver Transplant Recipients (2018)

The development of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) donor-specific antibody/antibodies (DSA) is not well described in liver transplant (LT) patients undergoing immunosuppression (IS) withdrawal protocols despite the allograft risk associated with de novo DSA (dnDSA). We analyzed the development of dnDSA in 69 LT patients who received calcineurin inhibitor monotherapy and were enrolled in the ITN030ST study. Of these 69 patients, 40 stable patients were randomized to IS maintenance (n = 9) or IS minimization (n = 31). Nine of the 31 IS minimization patients achieved complete withdrawal and were free of IS. Among patients who achieved stable IS monotherapy 1 year after transplantation, the prevalence of dnDSA was 18.8%. Acute rejections and the biopsy-proven findings disqualifying patients from IS withdrawal attempt were factors associated with dnDSA development (P = 0.011 and P = 0.041, respectively). Among randomized patients, dnDSA prevalence was 51.7% after IS minimization and 66.7% in IS-free patients. dnDSA prevalence in patients on IS maintenance was 44.4%. dnDSA development during IS minimization was a risk factor for acute rejection (P = 0.015). The majority of dnDSA were against HLA-DQ antigens (78.7%). Conclusion. During the first year following transplantation, acute rejections increase the risk of developing dnDSA, so dnDSA positivity should be considered for IS withdrawal eligibility; during IS minimization, dnDSA development was associated with acute rejection, which prevented further IS withdrawal attempts.
Boosted Classifiers on 1D Signals and Mutual Evaluation of Independently Aligned Spatio-Semantic Feature Groups for HD Map Change Detection (2021)

High definition (HD) maps can fail by becoming outdated. To still use them safely for automated driving, they need to be verified or updated, both requiring methods for change detection. We propose two significant improvements for HD map change detection that do not require a highly accurate localization prior as localization quickly fails or cannot be trusted in an outdated map. Given a very coarse localization prior, we group stored or measured map features in spatially and semantically separable feature groups. These feature groups are not only intuitive, like the sequence of leftmost dashed lane markings, but changes are also highly correlated within them. The first contribution improves the way internal consistency of each feature group is assured by using boosted classification trees. Additionally, a mutual evaluation scheme is added for all seemingly unchanged feature groups. Always one feature group is used for localization by feature alignment while each other group's alignment is checked for compatibility. Two voting schemes are presented that allow a more or less sensitive change detection on the level of proposed groups. In contrast to almost all other approaches, our approach allows to use still valid parts of the map for automated driving and to update the changed parts. We evaluate our approach on a previously published map verification dataset [1], showing that the number of undetected map changes can be reduced by up to 31 % compared to state of the art using boosted classification trees, at the same time reducing false positive rates by up to 50 %. The additional mutual evaluation step is able to uncover a whole category of previously undetectable changes and reduces undetected changes by an extra 15 %.
&lt;title&gt;Design and analysis of an ARROW-waveguide-based silicon pressure transducer&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

We present the design and analysis of a microfabricated silicon pressure transducer. The operating principle for this device is based on the evanescent modulation of power in an integrated optical waveguide. A silicon diaphragm attenuator is initially separated from the waveguide by a precise microfabricated gap spacing. When external pressure is applied to the sensor, the silicon attenuator is moved into closer proximity with the waveguide, and light is coupled out of the waveguide into the attenuator. Thus, by monitoring the light intensity at the output of the waveguide, one can deduce the pressure applied to the silicon diaphragm. Packaging considerations have played an important role in the development of the device and have led to the use of anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs), which are etched down to form a rib in order to provide confinement in the lateral direction. These waveguides provide good spatial and index matches to single-mode optical fibers. Numerical simulations of device performance have provided information critical to the design of the sensor.
A dual cone-beam CT system for image guided radiotherapy: Initial performance characterization (2013)

The performance of a benchtop dual CBCT imaging system has been characterized and is comparable to that of a single CBCT.
Cell-specific localization of CFTR mRNA shows developmentally regulated expression in human fetal tissues (1993)

An improved understanding of the expression of the cystic fibrosis gene (CFTR) will assist our approach to preventing the organ damage caused by cystic fibrosis (CF). We have studied the expression of CFTR in human fetal tissues at different gestational ages using in situ hybridization to detect CFTR mRNA. CFTR was principally expressed in less differentiated cells of endodermal origin. The highest levels were seen in specific areas of the developing pancreas, liver, gall bladder and intestine, with lower but significant levels in lung and trachea. Expression was also seen in reproductive tissues, such as epididymis and third trimester uterus and fallopian tubes, and in addition, sweat and salivary glands. No detection of CFTR mRNA was found in many other relevant tissues. The detection of CFTR transcript in these organs is consistent with the clinical manifestations of CF and the function of CFTR as a chloride channel early in development. The localization and levels of expression described have implications regarding the pathogenesis of organ damage and the potential gains that can be achieved by early therapy in the disease.
IC package inspection with nanofocus X-ray tubes and nanoCT (2008)

Nanofocus tube technology in combination with high resolution CT are the driving forces in X-ray and the leading future technologies for the inspection of IC packages. The paper shows different results of highest resolution failure analysis performed with latest 2D and 3D nanofocus techniques like the first 180 kV nanoCT system.
Controlled amplification in a relativistic resonant TWT by varying the guide magnetic field (2004)

We demonstrate how the zone of cyclotron suppression of generation in a resonant TWT can be exploited to amplify an external signal. The appearance of a stop-band, when a resonant interaction of a fast cyclotron wave of the electron beam with a counter-propagating electromagnetic wave takes place, determines the absorption of the reflected electromagnetic wave from the output end of the interaction space. As one adjusts the value of the guide magnetic field from its resonant value to the boundaries of the zone of cyclotron absorption, which represent the threshold of self-excitation, we observe an increase in the amplitude of the reflected wave, which is responsible for positive feedback, on the input end of the interaction space. The result is in increased regenerative amplification.
CCDC 167399: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2002)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Serum metabolomic signatures of gestational diabetes in South Asian and white European women (2022)

We identified a panel of serum metabolites implicated in GDM pathophysiology, consistent in South Asian and white European women. The metabolic alterations leading to larger ratios of glucose to glutamine, glucose to creatinine, arginine to ornithine, and citrulline to ornithine in South Asians likely reflect the greater burden of GDM among South Asians compared with white Europeans.
Reply to “On the Impact Factor and the ASM Editorial Policy” (2017)

We thank Dr. Arguelles for his comments in response to the recently announced policy by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) to remove journal impact factors (JIF) from journal websites ([1][1]). We are in agreement with many of the points raised. Misuse of the JIF is a widespread phenomenon
Fructose fuels tumor growth through the polyol pathway and GLUT 8 transporter (2020)

Fructose metabolism is increasingly recognized as a preferred energy source for cancer cell proliferation. However, dietary fructose rarely enters the bloodstream, and its fasting blood levels are much lower (~0.005 mM) than glucose (~5.5 mM) under normal physiological conditions. Therefore, it remains unclear where fructose is derived from and how cancer cells acquire a sufficient amount of fructose to supplement their energy needs. Here we report that the polyol pathway is active in cancer cells and is capable of converting up to 50% of glucose into fructose, resulting in enhanced glycolysis and ATP production. Inhibition of the polyol pathway severely decreased fructose production in cancer cells and suppressed their glycolysis, ATP production, and growth rate. Furthermore, we determined that the glucose transporter, SLC2A8/GLUT8, was a crucial transporter to export intracellular fructose outside cells. Taken together, our study identified an overlooked but critically essential fructose-producing pathway in cancer cells as an integral part of their metabolic reprogramming leading to enhanced glycolysis, cell proliferation, and malignancy.
Functionability of NMDA-Receptors in an in vitro model of the Blood-Brain-Barrier (2009)

A diversity of disease processes and conditions such as Alzheimer´s disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy and stroke – although they are caused by different mechanism – share one common target: the NMDA-receptor [1]. Recent studies reported the presence and the participation of this glutamate-gated ion-channel in major regulatory mechanisms at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In order to show the functionability of this receptor and his effects on the BBB, we used an in vitro model based on human cell line ECV304 [2].
Controlling Spin Exchange Interactions of Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices (2003)

We describe a general technique that allows one to induce and control strong interaction between spin states of neighboring atoms in an optical lattice. We show that the properties of spin exchange interactions, such as magnitude, sign, and anisotropy, can be designed by adjusting the optical potentials. We illustrate how this technique can be used to efficiently "engineer" quantum spin systems with desired properties, for specific examples ranging from scalable quantum computation to probing a model with complex topological order that supports exotic anyonic excitations.
Change in Mechanical Properties of Biomechanical Ti–12Cr Subjected to Heat Treatment and Surface Modification Processing (2017)

In recent years, metallic biomaterial applications have demanded a relatively low Young's modulus that is nearly equal to that of bone (around 30 GPa). However, in the case of spinal fixture applications, metallic materials with a relatively high Young's modulus are required to suppress spring-back by elastic and plastic deformation during implantation. We recently proposed Young's modulus control by stress-induced transformation to produce the biomedical β-type Ti–12Cr alloy. However, the relationship between the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Ti–12Cr has not been fully investigated. In this study, the changes in the mechanical properties of Ti–12Cr were investigated through the heat treatment and the fine particle bombarding process (FPB), which is a surface modification process. Peak aging (PA) of Ti–12Cr heated at 673 K occurred for around 2.4 ks. The Vickers hardness of Ti–12Cr at the PA condition at 673 K (HV 524) was around 90% higher than that after solutionized treatment (ST) (HV 294). Both the 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength of Ti–12Cr at the PA condition at 673 K were also around 50% higher those after ST. However, the ductility of Ti–12Cr at the PA condition at each temperature significantly decreased. Therefore, only ST was judged to be optimal for Ti–12Cr with an excellent combination of strength and ductility. The Vickers hardness and Young's modulus of solutionized Ti–12Cr subjected to FPB increased by around 40% and 70%, respectively, at the edge of the specimen surface compared with the corresponding values of the unprocessed sample. Furthermore, the run-out (770 MPa) of Ti–12Cr subjected to FPB increased by around 70 MPa. The bone contact ratio of Ti–12Cr slightly increased with an increase in the implantation period from 24 to 52 weeks.
The Identification of Mouse Sperm-Surface-Associated Proteins and Characterization of Their Ability to Act as Decapacitation Factors1 (2005)

Mammalian spermatozoa must undergo capacitation before acquiring the ability to fertilize the oocyte. This process is believed to be initiated following the release of surface-associated decapacitation factors that are elaborated by both the epididymis and the male accessory organs. Herein, we report the identification of a number of proteins that are actively released from the surface of mouse spermatozoa during capacitation in vitro. As anticipated, the addition of these factors back to suspensions of mouse spermatozoa was shown to suppress several correlates of the capacitation process. Specifically, they induced a significant, dose-dependent inhibition of the ability of spermatozoa to undergo a progesterone-induced acrosome reaction and to bind to the zona pellucida in vitro. Inhibition of these functions was associated with the suppression of tyrosine phosphorylation in the sperm plasma membrane but had no effect on the phosphorylation of internal proteins in either the sperm head or tail. This inhibitory activity was attributed to a subset of the isolated proteins compromising at least four putative decapacitation factors. These proteins were identified via tandem-mass spectrometry amino acid sequence analysis as plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein, cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 (CRISP1), phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 (PBP), and an unnamed protein product that we have termed decapacitation factor 10 (DF10). Of these proteins, PBP was identified as a primary candidate for a decapacitation factor.
Convergent evolution within the V3 loop domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in association with disease progression (1995)

Phylogenetic analysis was used to study in vivo genetic variation of the V3 region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in relation to disease progression in six infants with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nucleotide sequences from each infant formed a monophyletic group with similar average branch lengths separating the sets of sequences. In contrast to the star-shaped phylogeny characteristic of interinfant viral evolution, the shape of the phylogeny formed by sequences from the infants who developed AIDS tended to be linear. A computer program, DISTRATE, was written to analyze changes in DNA distance values over time. For the six infants, the rate of divergence from the initial variant was inversely correlated with CD4 cell counts averaged over the first 11 to 15 months of life (r = -0.87, P = 0.024). To uncover evolutionary relationships that might be dictated by protein structure and function, tree-building methods were applied to inferred amino acid sequences. Trees constructed from the full-length protein fragment (92 amino acids) showed that viruses from each infant formed a monophyletic group. Unexpectedly, V3 loop protein sequences (35 amino acids) that were found at later time points from the two infants who developed AIDS clustered together. Furthermore, these sequences uniquely shared amino acids that have been shown to confer a T-cell line tropic phenotype. The evolutionary pattern suggests that viruses from these infants with AIDS acquired similar and possibly more virulent phenotypes.
Association of Differentiation State of CD4+ T Cells and Disease Progression in HIV-1 Perinatally Infected Children (2012)

Rapid disease progression in vertical infection is associated with significantly higher levels of CD4+ T(EMRA) (CCR7-CD45RA+) cells.
Statistical methods for the estimation of quantization effects in FIR-based multirate systems (1999)

In this correspondence, statistical methods are used to estimate the error on the output signal due to quantization of filter coefficients and the fractional part of the data bus in FIR-based multirate systems. In addition, a convex programming model is formed to estimate the filter coefficient wordlengths given the output signal error. The model is capable of handling folded architectures as well as regular ones.
Nanoscale characterization of electrical transport at metal/3C-SiC interfaces (2011)

In this work, the transport properties of metal/3C-SiC interfaces were monitored employing a nanoscale characterization approach in combination with conventional electrical measurements. In particular, using conductive atomic force microscopy allowed demonstrating that the stacking fault is the most pervasive, electrically active extended defect at 3C-SiC(111) surfaces, and it can be electrically passivated by an ultraviolet irradiation treatment. For the Au/3C-SiC Schottky interface, a contact area dependence of the Schottky barrier height (ΦB) was found even after this passivation, indicating that there are still some electrically active defects at the interface. Improved electrical properties were observed in the case of the Pt/3C-SiC system. In this case, annealing at 500°C resulted in a reduction of the leakage current and an increase of the Schottky barrier height (from 0.77 to 1.12 eV). A structural analysis of the reaction zone carried out by transmission electron microscopy [TEM] and X-ray diffraction showed that the improved electrical properties can be attributed to a consumption of the surface layer of SiC due to silicide (Pt2Si) formation. The degradation of Schottky characteristics at higher temperatures (up to 900°C) could be ascribed to the out-diffusion and aggregation of carbon into clusters, observed by TEM analysis.
A preliminary study of patient-specific mechanical properties of diabetic and healthy plantar soft tissue from gated magnetic resonance imaging (2017)

Foot loading rate, load magnitude, and the presence of diseases such as diabetes can all affect the mechanical properties of the plantar soft tissues of the human foot. The hydraulic plantar soft tissue reducer instrument was designed to gain insight into which variables are the most significant in determining these properties. It was used with gated magnetic resonance imaging to capture three-dimensional images of feet under dynamic loading conditions. Custom electronics controlled by LabVIEW software simultaneously recorded system pressure, which was then translated to applied force values based on calibration curves. Data were collected for two subjects, one without diabetes (Subject A) and one with diabetes (Subject B). For a 0.2-Hz loading rate, and strains 0.16, 0.18, 0.20, and 0.22, Subject A's average tangential heel pad stiffness was 10 N/mm and Subject B's was 24 N/mm. Maximum test loads were approximately 200 N. Loading rate and load magnitude limitations (both were lower than physiologic values) will continue to be addressed in the next version of the instrument. However, the current hydraulic plantar soft tissue reducer did produce a data set for healthy versus diabetic tissue stiffness that agrees with previous trends. These data are also being used to improve finite element analysis models of the foot as part of a related project.