gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of multigrid implementations of some iterative image reconstruction algorithms (2002)

The numerical behavior of multigrid implementations of the Landweber, generalized Landweber, ART (algebraic reconstruction technique), and MLEM (maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization) iterative image reconstruction algorithms is investigated. Comparisons between these algorithms, and with their single-grid implementations, are made on one small-scale synthetic PET (positron emission tomography) system, for phantom objects exhibiting different characteristics. The multigrid implementation was found to accelerate the convergence rate of high-frequency components of the image when the image possessed the local smoothness property. In other cases it was unhelpful, and may even slow down the convergence rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Influence of engineering variables upon the morphology of filamentous molds (1981)

Abstract A modal has been described for the influence of growth rate and shear stresses in the fermentor upon the morphology of filamentous molds. The main concept of this model is the dynamic equilibrium between growth and breakup of the hyphae. The latter has been approached according to well‐known engineering theories for dispersion of physical systems. Experiments to verify the model with a strain of Penicillium chrysogenum in batch and continuous culture revealed that the length of the mycelial particles increased with increasing growth rate and decreased with increasing power input her unit mass in the fermentor. Although this was qualitatively in agreement with the presented model, quantitatively the model had to be rejected. Variation of the tensile strength of the hyphae with age and culturing conditions could have been one of the causes of disagreement. Oxygen tension, varied independently from stirrer speed, in the range of 12–300 mm Hg was shown to have no influence upon the morphology. With respect to the question of possibly using high‐energy inputs in industrial mold fermentation in order to decrease hyphal length and suspension viscosity, it was concluded that this is of little practical value. A substantial decrease in hyphal length requires an enormous increase in energy input.
Numerical Model Studies for Optimum Layout of Breakwater Along South West Coast of India (2022)

The coastline of Kannyakumari or Cape Comorin (8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> 4.1’ N 77 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> 33.05’E to 8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> 13.01’N 77 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> 14.02’E) bordering Arabian Sea is located southwest of the Indian peninsula. Fishing is the main occupation. During southwest monsoon from June to September, coast experiences high waves. Moreover coast has steep slope resulting in breaking of waves on the coast causing erosion. Because of this fishing operations are almost coming to a halt. This coast of Tamilnadu has its coastline oriented along East-west direction along its west coast bordering Arabian Sea. The coast is dominated by alongshore littoral drift and onshore-offshore transport. Here river Tampraparani confluences with Arabian Sea and to improve fishing facility harbor is proposed at the confluence point. The project was completed in 2013 with slight modifications which has resulted a highly complicated entrance condition. The details of observations, estimation of sediment transport and remedial measures suggested are highlighted in the paper.
Frontispiece: Ethynylation of Cysteine Residues: From Peptides to Proteins in Vitro and in Living Cells (2020)

Bioconjugation A direct ethynylation method for cysteines using hypervalent iodine reagents is reported by G. Chaubet, A. Adibekian, J. Waser et al. in their Research Article on page 10961. The reaction proceeds on peptides and antibodies.
Meeting the Challenges Facing Wheat Production: The Strategic Research Agenda of the Global Wheat Initiative (2022)

Wheat occupies a special role in global food security since, in addition to providing 20% of our carbohydrates and protein, almost 25% of the global production is traded internationally. The importance of wheat for food security was recognised by the Chief Agricultural Scientists of the G20 group of countries when they endorsed the establishment of the Wheat Initiative in 2011. The Wheat Initiative was tasked with supporting the wheat research community by facilitating collaboration, information and resource sharing and helping to build the capacity to address challenges facing production in an increasingly variable environment. Many countries invest in wheat research. Innovations in wheat breeding and agronomy have delivered enormous gains over the past few decades, with the average global yield increasing from just over 1 tonne per hectare in the early 1960s to around 3.5 tonnes in the past decade. These gains are threatened by climate change, the rapidly rising financial and environmental costs of fertilizer, and pesticides, combined with declines in water availability for irrigation in many regions. The international wheat research community has worked to identify major opportunities to help ensure that global wheat production can meet demand. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this paper.
A 2-stage Gauss-Newton reconstruction technique for improved object detection in microwave imaging (2002)

We have developed a 2-stage Gauss-Newton iterative reconstruction technique to improve the general image quality with our microwave tomographic imaging system. It has been applied to simulation, phantom and in vivo breast imaging experiments with quantifiable improvement in the recovered property distributions over those achieved with our original, Levenberg-Marquardt approach. The latter method incorporates spatial filtering at the end of each iteration as a means of stabilizing the reconstruction process. However, the stabilization resulted in blurring of fine structures within the imaging region, particularly in the case of small high contrast objects. The new technique utilizes the original approach as the first stage in a 2-step strategy, allowing the algorithm to identify a distribution in the neighborhood of the ideal solution without converging to an unwanted local minimum. This intermediate result is subsequently employed as an initial estimate for the second stage process-a Tikhonov-based reconstruction with a weighted Euclidean distance penalty term to constrain the final result to be within the vicinity of the intermediate solution while allowing full impact of the electric field minimization without the detrimental effects of the spatial smoothing of the first step. While this approach has enhanced the recovery of features internal to the breast during microwave examinations, it has also improved our capability to recover small, high-contrast objects. This paper illustrates quantifiable improvements in the recovery of small objects in a laboratory setting.
FeasPar (1996)

We describe and experimentally evaluate a system, FeasPar, that learns parsing spontaneous speech. To train and run FeasPar (Feature Structure Parser), only limited handmodeled knowledge is required.The FeasPar architecture consists of neural networks and a search. The networks split the incoming sentence into chunks, which are labeled with feature values and chunk relations. Then, the search finds the most probable and consistent feature structure.FeasPar is trained, tested and evaluated with the Spontaneous Scheduling Task, and compared with a handmodeled LR-parser. The handmodeling effort for FeasPar is 2 weeks. The handmodeling effort for the LR-parser was 4 months. FeasPar performed better than the LR-parser in all six comparisons that are made.
An Immediate Concurrent Execution (ICE) Abstraction Proposal for Many-Cores (2008)

Settling on a simple abstraction that programmers aim at, and hardware and software systems people enable and support, is an important step towards convergence to a robust many-core platform. The current paper: (i) advocates incorporating a quest for the simplest possible abstraction in the debate on the future of many-core computers, (ii) suggests “immediate concurrent execution (ICE) ” as a new abstraction, and (iii) argues that an XMT architecture is one possible demonstration of ICE providing an easy-to-program general-purpose many-core platform.
Innentitelbild: Controlling the Product Platform of Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Adaptive Catalytic Hydrosilylation of CO <sub>2</sub> Using a Molecular Cobalt(II) Triazine Complex (Angew. Chem. 36/2020) (2020)

Organometallische Schatzsuche Ein molekularer Cobalt-Katalysator “navigiert” die CO2-Reduktion mit Phenylsilanen in der Weise, dass jedes Produktlevel individuell mit hoher Selektivität und Aktivität erreicht werden kann. Dies demonstriert die Möglichkeit, adaptive katalytische Systeme für die Verwendung von Kohlendioxid als Rohmaterial für Chemikalien oder Energieträger zu entwickeln, wie C. Werlé, W. Leitner et al. in ihrem Forschungsartikel aufS. 15804 näher ausführen.
Phosphate removal and recovery from water using nanocomposite of immobilized magnetite nanoparticles on cationic polymer (2016)

A novel nanocomposite (NC) based on magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) immobilized on the surface of a cationic exchange polymer, C100, using a modification of the co-precipitation method was developed to obtain magnetic NCs for phosphate removal and recovery from water. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy , X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were used to characterize the NCs. Continuous adsorption process by the so-called breakthrough curves was used to determine the adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4-based NC. The adsorption capacity conditions were studied under different conditions (pH, phosphate concentration, and concentration of nanoparticles). The optimum concentration of iron in the NC for phosphate removal was 23.59 mgFe/gNC. The sorption isotherms of this material were performed at pH 5 and 7. Taking into account the real application of this novel material in real water, the experiments were performed at pH 7, achieving an adsorption capacity higher than 4.9 mgPO4-P/gNC. Moreover, Freundlich, Langmuir, and a combination of them fit the experimental data and were used for interpreting the influence of pH on the sorption and the adsorption mechanism for this novel material. Furthermore, regeneration and reusability of the NC were tested, obtaining 97.5% recovery of phosphate for the first cycle, and at least seven cycles of adsorption-desorption were carried out with more than 40% of recovery. Thus, this work described a novel magnetic nanoadsorbent with properties for phosphate recovery in wastewater.
We need to talk (2013)

Speech and natural language remain our most natural form of interaction; yet the HCI community have been very timid about focusing their attention on designing and developing spoken language interaction techniques. This may be due to a widespread perception that perfect domain-independent speech recognition is an unattainable goal. Progress is continuously being made in the engineering and science of speech and natural language processing, however, and there is also recent research that suggests that many applications of speech require far less than 100% accuracy to be useful in many contexts. Engaging the CHI community now is timely -- many recent commercial applications, especially in the mobile space, are already tapping the increased interest in and need for natural user interfaces (NUIs) by enabling speech interaction in their products. As such, the goal of this panel is to bring together interaction designers, usability researchers, and general HCI practitioners to discuss the opportunities and directions to take in designing more natural interactions based on spoken language, and to look at how we can leverage recent advances in speech processing in order to gain widespread acceptance of speech and natural language interaction.
Hemodynamic Changes after Protamine Administration (2005)

Hemodynamic perturbations after protamine administration are independently related to in-hospital mortality after primary coronary artery bypass surgery; the relation is present even in the lowest observed range of values for both systemic hypotension and pulmonary hypertension. Although randomized trials are necessary to address causality, this evidence suggests that strategies that avoid or attenuate these reactions may improve patient care.
Recent Advances and Perspectives on Content Delivery Networks (2015)

This chapter provides an overview on the recent advances and perspectives on Content Delivery Networks. The first section, the introduction, sets the context. The second section identifies the different types of current CDNs and also insights on their evolution. The third section deals with CDN interconnection, reporting work status such as IETF and ETSI. The fourth section, on CDN and virtualization, describes the related initiatives in this area, in standardization bodies as well as in experimental deployments and evaluations. The fifth section focuses on the convergence of CDNs and clouds, presenting new business opportunities for the market players, as well as technical challenges. The sixth section addresses another trend, which is the extension of CDNs to home networking and terminal devices. The last section discusses content delivery for mobile, introducing solutions that operators can to optimize their networks and avoid being overwhelmed by ever growing traffic.
Location routing problem with delivery modes (2019)

To realise efficient delivery, the location routing problem (LRP), which determines the locations of the facility and the vehicle routes, needs to be solved. Previous studies have attempted to improve the delivery efficiency of a route delivery, which is an efficient delivery mode if customers are densely located. However, if customers are sparsely located, route delivery is not efficient because the fixed costs of the vehicle become too expensive. In this case, courier delivery, i.e., delivery by a third party, is more efficient than route delivery because the courier delivery costs are proportional to the weight of the delivery amount and delivery distance. In this paper, we extended the LRP model to add the courier delivery model. Our model can select a suitable delivery mode for each customer by evaluating the trade-off between the courier delivery costs and the route delivery costs. The results of numerical experiments are shown.
Accurate Formulas for Frequency-Dependent Resistance and Inductance Per Unit Length of On-Chip Interconnects on Lossy Silicon Substrate (2002)

Abstract − A new closed-form expressions to calculate frequency-dependent distributed inductance and the associated distributed series resistance of single interconnect on a lossy silicon substrate (CMOS technology) are presented. The proposed analytic model for series impedance is based on a self-consistent field method and the vector magnetic potential equation. It is shown that the calculated frequency-dependent distributed inductance and the associated resistance are in good agreement with the results obtained from rigorous full wave solutions and CAD-oriented equivalent-circuit modeling approach.
Nanoscale mechanism of photoinduced metastability and reversible photodarkening in chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors (1998)

The present paper reviews the results oblained by the authors in the last three years. By applying in-situ (pamp and probe) EXAFS to reversible photostructural changes in chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors we have found an increase in the average coordination number of selenium species in the photoexcited state which comes from the formation of dynamic interchain bonds. Subsequent bond rupture, studied by optically induced ESR, results in the formation of over-and undercoordinated ESR-active defects, which are further transformed into charged valence-alternation pairs. Annealing close to the glass-transition temperature results in recovery of the initial structure. Relationship between the detected structural changes and photodarkening is also discussed.
In vivo measurement of widespread synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease with SV2A PET (2020)

We were able to measure widespread synaptic loss due to AD using [<sup>11</sup> C]UCB-J PET. Future studies will continue to evaluate the utility of SV2A PET for tracking AD progression and for monitoring potential therapies.
Space optimization in the bottom-up evaluation of logic programs (1991)

article Space optimization in the bottom-up evaluation of logic programs Share on Authors: S. Sudarshan Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WIView Profile , Divesh Srivastava Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WIView Profile , Raghu Ramakrishnan Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WIView Profile , Jeffrey F. Naughton Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WIView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMOD RecordVolume 20Issue 2June 1991 pp 68–77https://doi.org/10.1145/119995.115798Online:01 April 1991Publication History 5citation266DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads266Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Treg Development and Suppression of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (129.28) (2007)

Abstract Many autoimmune disorders have been linked to a lack in T regulatory cells. As such, an understanding of how these cells develop and mature is critical. While thymic T cell selection has been described, this process remains largely undefined for Tregs. Since only the DM20 form of proteolipid protein (PLP) is expressed in the thymus during fetal and neonatal life, thymic selection against PLP139-151 which is missing in DM20 is not operative during those periods. PLP139-151 (designated PLP1) as well as PLP1 derived altered peptide with degenerate affinity to PLP1-specific T cells were expressed on immunoglobulin (Ig) and the resulting chimeras were used to cross the maternal placenta, deliver the peptides from mother to fetus, and restore peptide selection during the fetal and neonatal period. This model was then used to determine whether Tregs are subject to thymic selection and to gauge the affinity required for such selection. The findings indicate that selection of functional Tregs requires high affinity. Indeed, Ig chimeras harboring high avidity peptides facilitated development of Tregs that conferred protection against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) while chimeras incorporating low affinity peptide did not drive selection of Tregs and the animals remained susceptible to EAE.
Anatomically Realistic Simulations of Liver Ablation by Irreversible Electroporation: Impact of Blood Vessels on Ablation Volumes and Undertreatment (2017)

Irreversible electroporation is a novel tissue ablation technique which entails delivering intense electrical pulses to target tissue, hence producing fatal defects in the cell membrane. The present study numerically analyzes the potential impact of liver blood vessels on ablation by irreversible electroporation because of their influence on the electric field distribution. An anatomically realistic computer model of the liver and its vasculature within an abdominal section was employed, and blood vessels down to 0.4 mm in diameter were considered. In this model, the electric field distribution was simulated in a large series of scenarios (N = 576) corresponding to plausible percutaneous irreversible electroporation treatments by needle electrode pairs. These modeled treatments were relatively superficial (maximum penetration depth of the electrode within the liver = 26 mm) and it was ensured that the electrodes did not penetrate the vessels nor were in contact with them. In terms of total ablation volume, the maximum deviation caused by the presence of the vessels was 6%, which could be considered negligible compared to the impact by other sources of uncertainty. Sublethal field magnitudes were noticed around vessels covering volumes of up to 228 mm<sup>3</sup>. If in this model the blood was substituted by a liquid with a low electrical conductivity (0.1 S/m), the maximum volume covered by sublethal field magnitudes was 3.7 mm<sup>3</sup> and almost no sublethal regions were observable. We conclude that undertreatment around blood vessels may occur in current liver ablation procedures by irreversible electroporation. Infusion of isotonic low conductivity liquids into the liver vasculature could prevent this risk.
Influence of water-miscible cutting fluid on tool wear behavior of various coated high-speed steel tools in hobbing (2017)

This paper deals with the influence of water-miscible cutting fluid on tool life (flank wear) compared with that with dry cutting and water-insoluble cutting oil in hobbing. Experiments were conducted by simulating hobbing by fly tool cutting on a milling machine. The following results were clarified. (1) The water-miscible cutting fluid used in the test prolongs the tool life for TiN-, TiAlN-, TiSiN- and AlCrSiN-coated tools in comparison with that obtained by dry cutting and water-insoluble cutting oil. (2) It was presumed that the tool wear decreases and the tool life is improved by the lubrication effect of the synthetic lubrication additive, mineral oil and sulfuric EP additive contained in the water-miscible cutting fluid, and also by the cooling effect.
Joint Estimation of Location and Orientation in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Directional Antennas (2020)

This paper presents a joint location and orientation estimation algorithm for a mobile robot (MR) equipped with directional antennas in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed algorithm utilizes the antennas' directivity and signals received from a set of distributed sensors to estimate the location and the facing direction of the receiver. The MR may use multiple directive antennas, or a single antenna whose beam can be steered electronically or mechanically. The received signals from each antenna, or antenna direction, are applied to a simple linear regression algorithm that decides the direction of the object for that particular beam scan. The process is repeated for different angles, and the results obtained are used to estimate the location and orientation of the MR. Moreover, error concealment techniques are used to improve the estimation accuracy by applying the local majority voting and connected graph algorithms. The obtained experimental and simulation results show that the proposed approach can estimate the location and orientation with high accuracy, especially at high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR).