gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of NFIB in normal hematopoiesis and MyeloproliferativeNeoplasms (2012)

Introduction: The three-canonical BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocytosis (ET) and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) are chronic diseases, which share the risk of disease evolution to an acute leukemia. In MPN, the most representative molecular lesion is a substitution of a valine for a phenylalanine (JAK2V617F) in the auto-inhibitory domain of JAK2, resulting in the constitutive expression of the gene.This point mutation has an incidence of about 96% in PV, 65% in PMF and 55% in ET. Microsatellite studies on chromosome 9 show the presence of a uniparental acquired disomy (UPD) of the short arm (9p), where JAK2 is located, as a common defect in MPN (Kralovics et al., ExpHematol. 2002). In a cohort study, all the samples with the 9pUPD were found positive for the JAK2V617F mutation (Klampfl et al, Blood 2011). The Nuclear Factor IB (NFIB) gene is present in the 9pUPD region, where a mutational hot spot takes place. NFIB belongs to the NFI family of CAAT box binding transcription factors, consisting of 4 separate genes (NFIA, -B, -C, -X). NFIA is a post-transcriptional target of myelopoiesis regulator miR-223, which plays a key role in directing the HSC/HPC maturation/differentiation into the erythroid or granulocytic lineages (Fazi et. al. Cell 2005; Starnes et al. Blood 2009). Genomic alterations of NFIA were detected in about 2% of MPN patients (Bernard, Leukemia 2009). The gene expression levels of NFIB are higher in CD34+HSC/HPC isolated from 5 JAK2V617F+PV patients than in normal controls (Berkofsky-Fessler, Clin Cancer Res 2010).However, the role of NFIB in normal and pathological hematopoiesis has not been yet investigated. Methods: DNA, mRNA, and proteins were isolated from human myeloid cell lines (K562, Hel and UKE-1) and buffy coat from peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) cells isolated from MPN patients or healthy donors. Gene dosage and gene expression level were measured by qRT-PCR. Statistical analyses were used to calculate differences among and between groups by one way ANOVA and two-way t-test. Results: our preliminary data shows that: i) NFIB locus is amplified and its expression is increased in myeloid cell lines harboring the JAK2V617F; ii) NFIB is barely expressed in mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors PB (n=23), while its expression increased in PB cells isolated from PV (n=18, p=0.034) and ET patients (n=27, p=0.005), independently from JAK2V617F status; iii) increased gene dosage of NFIB , paralleling JAK2 gene amplification is detected in MPN patients (n=27, p&lt;0,001); iv) gene expression level of NFIB positively correlates with platelets count in ET patients (n=17, p=0.008). Conclusions: our preliminary data show the de-regulation of NFIB expression levels related to MPN, thus suggesting its role in MPN pathogenesis or disease evolution and usage as a marker for MPN diagnosis and/or prognosis.
Acetazolamide challenge for three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography of the brain. (1994)

Acetazolamide improves visualization of small peripheral intracranial arteries and sensitivity in detecting atherosclerotic stenosis in the main trunk of major cerebral artery by three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography without changing MR apparatus and software.
The transactivation domain of adenovirus E1A interacts with the C terminus of human TAF(II)135 (1997)

The CR3 activation domain of the human adenovirus E1A protein stimulates transcription by forming protein-protein interactions with DNA sequence-specific binding factors and components of the TFIID complex. Here, we demonstrate that CR3 can complex with the extreme C-terminal 105 amino acids of the human TATA box binding-factor-associated protein, hTAF(II)135. Furthermore, the C-terminal region of hTAF(II)135 can block transcriptional stimulation from an E1A-inducible promoter in vivo. This ability of the C terminus of hTAF(II)135 to bind CR3 and to inhibit E1A-inducible activation is highly specific. These results demonstrate for the first time that a discrete fragment of a mammalian TBP-associated factor which targets a specific activator can impair the stimulation of transcription.
Apolipoprotein M can discriminate <scp>HNF</scp>1A‐<scp>MODY</scp> from Type 1 diabetes (2012)

We confirm an earlier report that serum apoM levels are lower in HNF1A-MODY than in controls. Serum apoM provides good discrimination between HNF1A-MODY and Type 1 diabetes and warrants further investigation for clinical utility in diabetes diagnostics.
Low-cost, high-volume packaging techniques for silicon sensors and actuators (2003)

NovaSensor has developed novel, low-cost packaging techniques for silicon sensors and actuators, which permit the use of these devices in applications which were previously cost-prohibitive. The authors review the design philosophy and design process for several such packages, and discuss them against the background of previous packaging techniques with an eye toward future sensor and package developments. They show how needs for configurability are met while retaining the benefits of an efficient modern semiconductor packaging approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Degeneracy of rotational viscosities at the chiral smectic C-smectic A transition in DOBAMBC (1990)

Abstract From measurements of the electroclinic effect and the dielectric strength of the soft mode close to the chiral smectic C-smectic A transition we show that the rotational viscosities associated with the Goldstone and soft modes are degenerate at Tc , in agreement with the predictions of the theoretical model.
Data from Blockade of a Chemokine, CCL2, Reduces Chronic Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis in Mice (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Accumulating evidence indicates the crucial contribution of chronic inflammation to various types of carcinogenesis, including colon carcinoma associated with ulcerative colitis and asbestosis-induced malignant mesothelioma. Ulcerative colitis–associated colon carcinogenesis can be recapitulated in mice by azoxymethane administration followed by repetitive dextran sulfate sodium ingestion. In the course of this carcinogenesis process, the expression of a macrophage-tropic chemokine, CCL2, was enhanced together with intracolonic massive infiltration of macrophages, which were a major source of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a crucial mediator of colon carcinogenesis. Mice deficient in CCL2-specific receptor, CCR2, exhibited less macrophage infiltration and lower tumor numbers with attenuated COX-2 expression. Moreover, CCL2 antagonists decreased intracolonic macrophage infiltration and COX-2 expression, attenuated neovascularization, and eventually reduced the numbers and size of colon tumors, even when given after multiple colon tumors have developed. These observations identify CCL2 as a crucial mediator of the initiation and progression of chronic colitis–associated colon carcinogenesis and suggest that targeting CCL2 may be useful in treating colon cancers, particularly those associated with chronic inflammation. [Cancer Res 2009;69(19):7884–92]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Dynamic skeletal muscle stimulation and its potential in bone adaptation. (2010)

To identify mechanotransductive signals for combating musculoskeletal deterioration, it is essential to determine the components and mechanisms critical to the anabolic processes of musculoskeletal tissues. It is hypothesized that the interaction between bone and muscle may depend on fluid exchange in these tissues by mechanical loading. It has been shown that intramedullary pressure (ImP) and low-level bone strain induced by muscle stimulation (MS) has the potential to mitigate bone loss induced by disuse osteopenia. Optimized MS signals, i.e., low-intensity and high frequency, may be critical in maintaining bone mass and mitigating muscle atrophy. The objectives for this review are to discuss the potential for MS to induce ImP and strains on bone, to regulate bone adaptation, and to identify optimized stimulation frequency in the loading regimen. The potential for MS to regulate blood and fluid flow will also be discussed. The results suggest that oscillatory MS regulates fluid dynamics with minimal mechanical strain in bone. The response was shown to be dependent on loading frequency, serving as a critical mediator in mitigating bone loss. A specific regimen of dynamic MS may be optimized in vivo to attenuate disuse osteopenia and serve as a biomechanical intervention in the clinical setting.
Modeling of electrical conductance variation in substrate during initial growth of ultra thin film (1997)

A model of the electrical conductance of a resistive or semiconductive substrate, as a function of the average thickness d of a deposited film in initial growth on the substrate is proposed. The total conductance has two terms: one proportional to d2/3 for three-dimension (3D) growth, and one proportional to d for 2D growth or for increasing number of islands. The model was applied to the conductance of a Sn film deposited on a SiOx substrate showing that the initial growth is dominated by 3D growth. The proposed model may be useful for in situ study of the growth of ultra thin films prior to the onset of tunneling conductance.
Internal energy and fragmentation of ions produced in electrospray sources (2004)

This review addresses the determination of the internal energy of ions produced by electrospray ionization (ESI) sources, and the influence of the internal energy on analyte fragmentation. A control of the analyte internal energy is crucial for several applications of electrospray mass spectrometry, like structural studies, construction of reproducible and exportable spectral libraries, analysis of non-covalent complexes. Sections II and III summarize the Electrospray mechanisms and source design considerations which are relevant to the problem of internal energy, and Section IV gives an overview of the inter-relationships between ion internal energy, reaction time scale, and analyte fragmentation. In these three sections we tried to make the most important theoretical elements understandable by all ESI users, and their understanding requires a minimal background in physical chemistry. We then present the different approaches used to experimentally determine the ion internal energy, as well as various attempts in modeling the internal energy uptake in electrospray sources. Finally, a tentative comparison between electrospray and other ionization sources is made. As the reader will see, although many reports appeared on the subject, the knowledge in the field of internal energy of ions produced by soft ionization sources is still scarce, because of the complexity of the system, and this is what makes this area of research so interesting. The last section presents some perspectives for future research.
Late Deep Venous Thrombosis and Delayed Weightbearing After Total Hip Arthroplasty (1999)

One hundred ninety-nine patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty and used in hospital pneumatic compression stockings and aspirin as thromboembolic prophylaxis were screened for deep venous thrombosis using duplex ultrasonography on the fourth postoperative day. Of the initial 98 patients, 21 underwent noncemented arthroplasty, maintained touchdown weightbearing for 6 weeks after surgery, and then began progressive partial weightbearing. Of the subsequent 101 patients, 28 underwent noncemented arthroplasty and began progressive weightbearing immediately after surgery. All other patients underwent hybrid arthroplasty and began weightbearing to tolerance immediately after surgery. After duplex screening examination, patients with proximal deep venous thrombosis were given anticoagulation therapy, and patients with negative study results were observed clinically. The relative risk of proximal deep venous thrombosis after noncemented arthroplasty using delayed weightbearing was compared with that after noncemented arthroplasty using immediate progressive weightbearing. Of patients with noncemented arthroplasty, the prevalence of proximal deep venous thrombosis was significantly lower in those using progressive weightbearing immediately after surgery (none) than in those using delayed weightbearing rehabilitation (19%). This study showed that patients undergoing noncemented total hip arthroplasty with delayed weightbearing rehabilitation risk greater potential for deep venous thrombosis after hospital discharge. This study suggests consideration for continued thromboembolic prophylaxis or routine deep venous thrombosis surveillance, or both measures, after hospital discharge, unless more rapid progression of weightbearing is allowed.
Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Intestinal Responses to Stress: Role of Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor and Neurotensin (1998)

Previous studies showed that exposure of experimental animals to immobilization stress increases colonic motility and that these effects are mediated by release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), Studies from our laboratory showed that 30-min immobilization stress of rats caused several not previously described colonic responses to stress, including increased colonic mucin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion, increased colonic mucosal levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA, and degranulation of colonic mast cells. These stress-associated colonic changes were reproduced by intravenous or intracerebral injection of CRF in conscious, nonstressed rats. Furthermore, pretreatment of rats with the CRF antagonist alpha-helical CRF9-41, hexamethonium, or the mast cell stabilizer lodoxamide inhibited our observed colon responses to immobilization stress. Our results indicate that CRF released during immobilization stress increases colonic transit via a neuronal pathway and stimulates colonic mucin release via activation of neurons and colonic mast cells. These results provide support for an important role for CRF in stress-mediated colonic responses and a link between the nervous and the immune systems.
In vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Characterization of Field-Directed 5-Fluorouracil 0.5%/Salicylic Acid 10% in Actinic Keratosis (2015)

Actinic keratosis (AK), a frequently diagnosed cutaneous neoplasm in individuals with chronic sun exposure or fair skin, is a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma. AK presents as clinically visible lesions and/or as subclinical lesions where an entire field of area (field cancerization) contains lesions of various grades. The diagnosis and surveillance of subclinical AK is challenging. We report a new AK management approach, including subclinical AK, with noninvasive in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) monitoring of field-directed topical 5-fluorouracil 0.5%/salicylic acid 10.0% (5-FU/SA; currently approved for single lesions). In this case series, eight patients with primarily recurrent, multiple AKs received ≤ 6 weeks of field-directed 5-FU/SA; complete clearance of clinical/subclinical AKs on various body areas was shown in most patients using RCM. RCM facilitated the detection/characterization of subclinical AKs in the setting of field cancerization. Topical field-directed 5-FU/SA monitored with RCM is a promising management approach for subclinical AKs.
Planarized Star-Shaped Oligothiophenes with Enhanced π-Electron Delocalization (2003)

[structure: see text] Planarized star-shaped oligothiophenes 1 have been synthesized by connecting short-chain oligothiophenes on a benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b' ']trithiophene central core. Their electrochemical and optical properties have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroscopy, respectively. These results associated with theoretical calculations show the advantage of benzotrithiophene as a central core in terms of pi-electron delocalization.
Comparative Effectiveness of Entecavir Versus Tenofovir for Preventing Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (2020)

TDF may be associated with lower risk of HCC when compared to ETV.
Multiple Levels of Order in Linked Disc–Rod Liquid Crystals (2003)

Das Ganze ist mehr als die Summe seiner Teile: Die Kombination von zylindrischen und scheibenförmigen Gruppen (siehe Bild) im richtigen Verhältnis zu einem supermolekularen System ermöglicht die Synthese von Materialien mit sowohl nematischen als auch smektischen Phasen. Die Segregation der Nanophasen in Zylinder- und Scheiben-Elemente führt zur Bildung verschiedener Unterschichten.
Performance Analysis of Distributed Beamforming in a Spectrum Sharing System (2012)

In this paper, we consider a distributed beamforming scheme (DBF) in a spectrum sharing system where multiple secondary users share the spectrum with some licensed primary users under an interference temperature constraint. We assume that the DBF is applied at the secondary users. We first consider optimal beamforming and compare it with the user selection scheme in terms of the outage probability and bit error rate performance metrics. Since perfect feedback is difficult to obtain, we then investigate a limited feedback DBF scheme and develop an analysis for a random vector quantization design algorithm. Specifically, the approximate statistics functions of the squared inner product between the optimal and quantized vectors are derived. With these statistics, we analyze the outage performance. Furthermore, the effects of channel estimation error and number of primary users on the system performance are investigated. Finally, optimal power adaptation and cochannel interference are considered and analyzed. Numerical and simulation results are provided to illustrate our mathematical formalism and verify our analysis.
Computer Simulation of Faulted URD Cables: Analysis and Results (1981)

A method for computing shield potentials of underground directly buried (URD) cable is presented. Earth potentials in the vicinity of the buried cable are also computed. The method utilizes a numerical solution of Laplace's equation to account for earth currents, and a modified nodal analysis method to account for conductor and shield currents as well as inductive coupling in the underground cable system. A computer program has been developed capable of analyzing long lengths of URD cable together with existing ground rods, faults, open neutrals, feeding substation and substation grounds. The system analyzed corresponds to practical URD cable distribution systems. Extensive simulation of various URD cable systems in various soil environment has been performed and the results have been tabulated in a two-volume EPRI report.
Numerical CFD Simulations and Indicated Pressure Measurements on a Sliding Vane Expander for Heat to Power Conversion Applications (2019)

The paper presents an extensive investigation of a small-scale sliding vane rotary expander operating with R245fa. The key novelty is in an innovative operating layout, which considers a secondary inlet downstream of the conventional inlet port. The additional intake supercharges the expander by increasing the mass of the working fluid in the working chamber during the expansion process; this makes it possible to harvest a greater power output within the same machine. The concept of supercharging is assessed in this paper through numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations which are validated against experimental data, including the mass flow rate and indicated pressure measurements. When operating at 1516 rpm and between pressures of 5.4 bar at the inlet and 3.2 bar at the outlet, the supercharged expander provided a power output of 325 W. The specific power output was equal to 3.25 kW/(kg/s) with a mechanical efficiency of 63.1%. The comparison between internal pressure traces obtained by simulation and experimentally is very good. However, the numerical model is not able to account fully for the overfilling of the machine. A comparison between a standard and a supercharged configuration obtained by CFD simulation shows that the specific indicated power increases from 3.41 kW/(kg/s) to 8.30 kW/(kg/s). This large power difference is the result of preventing overexpansion by supercharging. Hence, despite the greater pumping power required for the increased flow through the secondary inlet, a supercharged expander would be the preferred option for applications where the weight of the components is the key issue, for example, in transport applications.
Optimization of Mixed Ag Catalysts for Catalytic Conversions of NO and C <sub>3</sub> H <sub>6</sub> (2007)

In order to adjust the redox properties of perovskite-based silver catalysts to satisfy the requirements for their application under overstoichiometric oxygen conditions (lean burn), three mixtures were prepared [Mixture (I): 10% La0.88Ag0.12FeO3 + 90% Al2O3; Mixture (II): 3% Ag/(10% La0.88Ag0.12FeO3 + 90% Al2O3); Mixture (III): 10% La0.88Ag0.12FeO3 + 90% (3%Ag/Al2O3)]. Mixture (I) with only a 10% La0.88Ag0.12FeO3 blend exhibited a NO reduction behavior similar to that of La0.88Ag0.12FeO3 alone at stoichiometric oxygen (1% O2). NO conversion of La0.88Ag0.12FeO3 under an excess of oxygen (10% O2) was however significantly improved by mixing with Al2O3 resulting in a value of ~ 30% at &gt;400 °C in the case of Mixture (I). Ag impregnation facilitated the NO catalytic reduction, leading to a better deNOx performance for Mixture (II) and Mixture (III) than that of Mixture (I). It was also found that those silver atoms associated with Al2O3 are more effective for NO transformation. Therefore, the optimal mixed catalyst was Mixture (III), which shows satisfactory NO reduction and C3H6 oxidation at 500 °C under the whole range of O2 content from 1% to 10%.
Noradrenergic signaling in wakeful states inhibits microglial surveillance and synaptic plasticity in the mouse visual cortex (2019)

Abstract Microglia are the innate immune cells of the brain with roles in neuroimmunology and synaptic plasticity. Microglial processes continuously survey the brain parenchyma interacting with synaptic elements and maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, the mechanisms that control surveillance and its role in synaptic plasticity are poorly understood. Microglial dynamics in vivo have been primarily studied in anesthetized animals, where slow-wave neural activity resembles sleep-like states. We report that microglial surveillance and injury response in awake animals are reduced compared to when animals are anesthetized, suggesting that arousal state profoundly modulates microglial roles in the physiological brain. Stimulating β 2 -adrenergic receptors recapitulated these observations and also disrupted experience-dependent plasticity only when intact β 2 -adrenergic receptors were present in microglia specifically. These results indicate that microglial roles in surveillance and synaptic plasticity in the healthy brain are modulated by noradrenergic fluctuations between arousal states and raises new considerations for sleep/wake disruption in neurodevelopment and neuropathology.
MaX: an access control system for digital libraries and the Web (2003)

Digital libraries (DLs) introduce several challenging requirements with respect to the formulation, specification and enforcement of adequate access control policies. Unlike conventional database environments, a DL typically is characterised by a dynamic subject population, often making accesses from remote locations, and by an extraordinarily large amount of information, stored in a variety of formats. Additionally, protecting a DL does not only mean protecting documents that reside at the DL site, but also protecting accesses that the DL subscribers made to external Web documents. We present MaX, a comprehensive system for enforcing access control, specifically tailored to both DL and Web environments. Key features of MaX are the support for credential and content-based access control to DL and Web documents, and its full integration with standard Internet rating systems.