gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response Bias of Electrical Cable Coatings at FIRE Conditions (REBECCA-FIRE) (2014)

This report presents the results of a series of cable fire-retardant coating tests sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research and performed at Sandia National Laboratories in conjunction with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The goal of the tests was to assess the effects of three commercially available fire-retardant cable coating materials on cable thermal and electrical response behavior under fire-exposure conditions. The specific test objectives were to assess, under severe radiant heating conditions, how the coating materials impacted (1) cable thermal response and (2) electrical integrity behavior. The tests were not explicitly designed to assess the impact of the coatings on cable flammability, although some insights relative to the burning behavior of the coating materials themselves and cable ignition times were gained. NIST is currently investigating these attributes under the Cable Heat Release, Ignition, and Spread in Tray Installations During Fire (CHRISTIEFIRE) program (NUREG/CR-7010). The cables used in construction of the test articles were all seven-conductor 12AWG (American wire gage) control or power type copper conductor electrical cables. Two cable insulation types were represented, a polyethylene thermoplastic material and a cross-linked polyethylene thermoset material. Both cable types used have been tested extensively in recent NRC-sponsored experimental programs involving both circuit failure modes and effects testing and fire growth testing. The test articles included uncoated cables and cables coated with one of three fire-retardant coating materials: Carboline Intumastic 285, Flamemastic F-77, and Vimasco 3i. Test configurations included single lengths of cables, bundles of seven cables, and bundles of ten cables. The tests show that, under certain conditions, the fire-retardant coatings provide a substantial benefit relative to delays in cable heating, ignition and electrical failure times. However, as has been seen in prior test programs, the performance varied substantially among the coating products. The current tests also show that the benefit gained by the coatings was heavily dependent on the thermal mass of the coated cable system. Low thermal mass systems, such as the single lengths of coated cable, saw essentially no net benefit from application of the coatings. Intermediate mass systems, represented by the seven-cable bundles, saw some benefit from application of the coatings, but the benefit was inconsistent, and some cables in the bundles saw essentially no delay in thermal response or time to failure. For the larger thermal mass systems, represented by the ten-cable bundles, the benefit of the coatings was both more pronounced and more consistent with all coatings providing a measurable benefit.
Comparative economic analysis between LTO and C-ion energy storage system for electric vehicles ultra-fast charger buffering application (2021)

Due to the growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market and the extension of EVs battery range, the demand for ultra-fast charging is expected to increase. However, ultra-fast charging causes extreme high peak load demand, going beyond the capabilities of current electric utility infrastructure in many location. A high power energy storage system has the ability to off-set such infrastructure power limitations. On top of providing the energy of an EV battery and peak load demands, the decisive metrics for such system are cost of ownership and longevity. The main contribution of this article is to update a previous developed approach to evaluate the economic plausibility of an energy storage system (ESS) solution for EVs ultra-fast charger buffering application. This approach considers the calendar and cycling aging of the energy storage system, the overall efficiency, OPEX, and CAPEX of the ultra-fast charger, but also the purchasing price of the grid electricity. Furthermore, this approach is used to compare the highest longevity lithium battery technology solution, named LTO, to a new super capacitor solution contender, named C-ion. The findings of this study show that both LTO and C-ion technology may represent a cheaper alternative than refueling a gasoline car.
Bioengineering of Articular Cartilage: Past, Present and Future (2013)

The treatment of cartilage defects poses a clinical challenge owing to the lack of intrinsic regenerative capacity of cartilage. The use of tissue engineering techniques to bioengineer articular cartilage is promising and may hold the key to the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. Natural and synthetic biomaterials have been used to recreate the microarchitecture of articular cartilage through multilayered biomimetic scaffolds. Acellular scaffolds preserve the microarchitecture of articular cartilage through a process of decellularization of biological tissue. Although promising, this technique often results in poor biomechanical strength of the graft. However, biomechanical strength could be improved if biomaterials could be incorporated back into the decellularized tissue to overcome this limitation.
Exploiting Term Importance Categories and Dependency Relations for Natural Language Search (2010)

In this paper, we propose a method that clearly separates terms (words and dependency relations) in a natural language query into important and other terms, and differently handles the terms according to their importance. The proposed method uses three types of term importance: necessary, optional, and unnecessary. The importance are detected using linguistic clues. We evaluated the proposed method using a test collection for Japanese information retrieval. Performance was resultantly improved by differently handling terms according to their importance. 1
The Development of an Object-Oriented Tool for the Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Powertrains for Vehicular Applications (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The use of computer aided design tools has now proliferated to many areas of engineering and the use of robust and flexible design tools is paramount to modeling complex systems. Hybrid powertrains present often complex systems where simulation and modeling are important issues.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents the development of a simulation tool for the modeling of hybrid powertrains for vehicular applications. The software is developed in Object Oriented code presenting a conceptually intuitive representation of real components.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The importance of matching vehicle design against required drive-cycle is addressed, the various approaches for drive cycles discussed and methodology for making use of GPS data for vehicle simulation presented.&lt;/div&gt;
How Do You Tell a Blackbird from a Crow? (2013)

How do you tell a blackbird from a crow? There has been great progress toward automatic methods for visual recognition, including fine-grained visual categorization in which the classes to be distinguished are very similar. In a task such as bird species recognition, automatic recognition systems can now exceed the performance of non-experts - most people are challenged to name a couple dozen bird species, let alone identify them. This leads us to the question, "Can a recognition system show humans what to look for when identifying classes (in this case birds)?" In the context of fine-grained visual categorization, we show that we can automatically determine which classes are most visually similar, discover what visual features distinguish very similar classes, and illustrate the key features in a way meaningful to humans. Running these methods on a dataset of bird images, we can generate a visual field guide to birds which includes a tree of similarity that displays the similarity relations between all species, pages for each species showing the most similar other species, and pages for each pair of similar species illustrating their differences.
Oxidation and reduction kinetics of iron and iron based alloys used as storage materials in high temperature battery (2015)

The background of the present studies relates to the development of a novel high temperature energy storage system based on a solid oxide cell. The energy is stored in a metal/metal oxide system which is part of the fuel side of the cell. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of pure iron and iron based model alloys as possible energy storage material for this type of high temperature battery system at a service temperature of 800°C. For this purpose the oxidation and reduction behaviour of iron in Ar–H2–(H2O) environments has been examined. The reduction process in Ar–2%H2 of the wüstite scale formed on pure iron in Ar–H2–H2O was hampered by the formation of a continuous, gas tight metallic iron layer on its surface. Possible approaches to increase oxidation and reduction kinetics by optimised alloy compositions for the Fe storage are discussed.
In Vivo Bacterial Imaging without Engineering; A Novel Probe-Based Strategy Facilitated by Endogenous Nitroreductase Enzymes (2015)

The feasibility of utilising bacteria as vectors for gene therapy is becoming increasingly recognised. This is primarily due to a number of intrinsic properties of bacteria such as their tumour targeting capabilities, their ability to carry large genetic or protein loads and the availability of well-established genetic engineering tools for a range of common lab strains. However, a number of issues relating to the use of bacteria as vectors for gene therapy need to be addressed in order for the field to progress. Amongst these is the need for the development of non-invasive detection/imaging systems for bacteria within a living host. In vivo optical imaging has advanced preclinical research greatly, and typically involves engineering of bacteria with genetic expression constructs for luminescence (e.g. the lux operon) or fluorescent proteins (GFP etc.). This requirement for genetic modification can be restrictive, where engineering is not experimentally appropriate or technologically feasible (e.g. due to lack of suitable engineering tools). We describe a novel strategy exploiting endogenous bacterial enzymatic activity to specifically activate an exogenously administered fluorescent imaging probe. The red shifted, quenched fluorophore CytoCy5S is reduced to a fluorescent form by bacterial-specific nitroreductase (NTR) enzymes. NTR enzymes are present in a wide range of bacterial genera and absent in mammalian systems, permitting highly specific detection of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in vivo. In this study, dose-responsive bacterial-specific signals were observed in vitro from all genera examined - E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium difficile. Examination of an NTR-knockout strain validated the enzyme specificity of the probe. In vivo whole-body imaging permitted specific, dose-responsive monitoring of bacteria over time in various infection models, and no toxicity to bacteria or host was observed. This study demonstrates the concept of exploiting innate NTR activity as a reporting strategy for wild-type bacteria using optical imaging, while the concept may also be extended to NTR-specific probes for use with other imaging modalities.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Tumor Radiosensitization by Monomethyl Auristatin E: Mechanism of Action and Targeted Delivery (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MMAE enhances γH2Ax foci formation following irradiation.&lt;/p&gt;
PROCESSO E FORNO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE FERRO GUSA UTILIZANDO MICRO-ONDAS (2014)

Apresentam-se o processo e o prottipo de forno para a produo de ferro gusa por reduo carbotrmica estimulada por micro-ondas de minrio de ferro, na forma de pelotas autoredutoras. O forno de reduo com potncia regulvel de at 15 kW de micro-ondas de 2.45 GHz foi especialmente projetado e construdo para este processo. A estrutura do forno em ao inoxidvel e utiliza trs geradores de micro-ondas focados para o centro de um aplicador cilndrico. Com esta configurao conseguiu-se produzir um campo eletromagntico de alta densidade energtica. A carga de pelotas auto-redutoras,
&lt;i&gt;Alternaria&lt;/i&gt; Inhibits Double-stranded RNA-Induced Cytokines Productions through TLR3 (2015)

Fungi may be involved in asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). PBMCs from CRS patients produce IL-5, IL-13 and INF-γ by Alternaria. In addition, Alternaria produces potent Th2-like adjuvant effects in the airway. Therefore, we hypothesized that Alternaria may inhibit Th1-type defense mechanisms against virus infection.Dendritic cells (DCs) were generated from mouse bone marrow. The functional responses were assessed by expression of cell surface molecules by FACS (MHC Class II, CD40, CD80, CD86 and OX40L. Production of IL-6, IP-10, I-TAC and IFN-β were measured by ELISA. TLR3 mRNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative Real time-PCR and Western blot.Alternaria and poly I:C enhanced cell surface expression of MHC Class II, CD40, CD80, CD86 and OX40L, and IL-6 production in a concentration-dependent manner. However, Alternaria significantly inhibited IP-10, I-TAC and IFN-β production induced by viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mimic poly I:C. TLR3 mRNA expression and protein production by poly I:C were significantly inhibited by Alternaria. These reactions are likely caused by heat-stable factor(s) in Alternaria extract with >100 kDa molecular mass.These findings suggest that fungus, Alternaria may inhibit production of IFN-β and other cytokines by DCs by suppressing TLR3 expression. These results indicate that Alternaria may inhibit host innate immunity against virus infection.
Resistance Properties of Thera-Band® Tubing During Shoulder Abduction Exercise (1999)

Thera-Band tubing provides linear resistance during shoulder abduction, but the resistive torque provided by the tubing mimics isotonic exercise.
Lava Tube Analog Mission for Lunar Science and Human Performance Studies (2010)

Samuel W. Ximenes and A. A. Mardon, G. Baiden, G. R. Osinski, N. Ghafoor, O. Gurtuna, A. Prevot, M. G. Daly. Exploration Architecture Corporation (XArc), 303 W. Sunset Rd. Ste. 108, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA, sximenes@explorationarchitecture.com, Antarctic Institute of Canada, Post Office Box 1223, Station Main, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5B 2W4, aamardon@yahoo.ca, Penguin Automated Systems, Inc., Naughton, Ontario, Canada, gbaiden@penguinasi.com, University of Western Ortario, Center for Planetary Science and Exploration, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7, gosinski@uwo.ca, MDA, 9445 Airport Rd., Bampton, Ontario, Canada L6S 4J3, nadeem.ghafoor@mdacorporation.comTurquoise Technology Solutions, Inc., 4999 St. Catherine West, Suite 540 Westmount, Canada, QC H3Z 1T3, gurtuna@turquoisetech.com, arthur.prevot@turquoisetech.com, York University, Department of Earth and Space Science & Engineering , Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3, dalym@yorku.ca.
The Host Response and Molecular Pathogenesis Associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2009)

Since the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 1956, its significance as an important human pathogen in infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised has been established. Many important mechanisms contributing to RSV infection, replication and disease pathogenesis have been uncovered; however, there is still insufficient knowledge in these and related areas, which must be addressed to facilitate the development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutic treatments. A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of RSV infection, particularly the host-cell response and transcription profiles to RSV infection, is required to advance disease intervention strategies. Substantial information is accumulating regarding how RSV proteins modulate molecular signaling and regulation of cytokine and chemokine responses to infection, molecular signals regulating programmed cell death, and innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. This review discusses RSV manipulation of the host response to infection and related disease pathogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanotubes in Cancer Therapy: A More Precise Look at the Role of Carbon Nanotube—Polymer Interactions (2013)

Abstract Review: 323 refs.
Image restoration using a two-dimensional lorentzian probability model (2000)

Abstract It is known that the distribution of intensity gradients along separate horizontal and vertical directions in an image of a general scene often has a sharp peak with a long tail. This property, can be described by a Lorentzian probability function, and is the basis of an efficient nonlinear one-dimensional restoration algorithm. It can also superresolve a two-dimensional separable image. This paper discusses the gradient distribution in a general two-dimensional image and shows that the distribution of the maximum gradient at any picture point is also Lorentzian. This has been used to develop an iterative two-dimensional restoration algorithm. It starts by evaluating the likelihood of the intensity gradients within a Wiener filtered image. Then a nonlinear correction term is introduced which increases this likelihood under mean square error criterion. The method is applied to synthetic images and to a 94 GHz passive millimetre wave image. This new two-dimensional method is shown to be superior to the previous one-dimensional algorithm which had to be applied separately along two orthogonal directions.
Relationship between crystallinity and device characteristics of In‐Sn‐Zn oxide (2015)

Abstract We have reported that the transistors having the c‐axis‐aligned crystalline (CAAC) In‐Ga‐Zn oxide (IGZO) show good performance. Recently, In‐Sn‐Zn Oxide (ITZO) has attracted much attention because of its high electron mobility, as well as IGZO. However, it has been reported that ITZO field effect transistors (FET) tend to have positive Vth (normally‐on characteristics) and poor reliability compared with IGZO‐FETs. We have reported that high‐performance and high‐reliability OS‐FETs can be fabricated by using CAAC‐IGZO, which has high crystallinity and has no clear grain boundaries, as an active layer. Therefore, we have fabricated CAAC‐ITZO thin films to improve performance of ITZO‐FETs by using CAAC‐ITZO as an active layer. In addition, FETs employing CAAC‐ITZO have better characteristics and reliability than FETs using nano‐crystal ITZO. Furthermore, constant photocurrent method (CPM) measurement was carried out in order to estimate density of deep‐level defect states caused by oxygen vacancies in oxide semiconductors. The results show that CAAC‐ITZO has lower density of deep‐level defect states than nano‐crystal ITZO. We attribute the improvement in reliability of ITZO‐FETs to a decrease in deep‐level defect states of an ITZO active layer, as is the case with IGZO.
Oxytocin-Stimulated Inositol Phosphate Turnover in Endometrium of Ewes is Influenced by Stage of the Estrous Cycle, Pregnancy, and Intrauterine Infusion of Ovine Conceptus Secretory Proteins1 (1990)

Three experiments (Exp) assessed the influence of stage of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and intrauterine infusion of ovine conceptus secretory proteins (oCSP) on turnover of inositol trisphosphate (the putative second-messenger for oxytocin-stimulated secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha) in ovine endometrium during luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy. In Exp 1, endometrium was collected from 5 cyclic (Cy) and 6 pregnant (P) ewes on Day 16 after onset of estrus. In Exp 2, endometrium was collected from Day 12 Cy (n = 5), Day 12 P (n = 3), Day 16 Cy (n = 4), and Day 16 P (n = 3) ewes. In Exp 3, 12 Cy ewes were allotted randomly, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, to receive serum protein (SP), or oCSP and estradiol-17 beta (E2), or vehicle treatments. Ewes were injected i.v. with 0.5 mg E2 or vehicle on Day 12 and received twice-daily infusions of 1.5 mg SP or oCSP (containing 25 micrograms ovine trophoblast protein-1 by radioimmunoassay [RIA]) + SP (1.5 mg total protein) into each uterine horn on Days 12, 13, and 14. Blood samples for RIA of plasma progesterone were collected on Days 10-15 (before treatment on each day) and endometrium was collected on Day 15. For each Exp, 100 mg endometrium was incubated, in duplicate, for 2 h with 10 microCi [3H] inositol and treated with 0 or 100 nM oxytocin (OT) for 20 min, then [3H]inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphates (IP1, IP2, and IP3, respectively) were quantified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oocyte‐derived R‐spondin2 promotes ovarian follicle development (2013)

R-spondin proteins are adult stem cell growth factors capable of stimulating gut development by activating LGR4, 5, and 6 receptors to promote Wnt signaling. Although multiple Wnt ligands and cognate Frizzled receptors are expressed in the ovary, their physiological roles are unclear. Based on bioinformatic and in situ hybridization analyses, we demonstrated the exclusive expression of R-spondin2 in oocytes of ovarian follicles. In cultured somatic cells from preantral follicles, R-spondin2 treatment (ED50: 3 ng/ml) synergized with Wnt3a to stimulate Wnt signaling. In cultured ovarian explants from prepubertal mice containing preantral follicles, treatment with R-spondin2, similar to follicle stimulating hormone, promoted the development of primary follicles to the secondary stage. In vivo administration of an R-spondin agonist stimulated the development of primary follicles to the antral stage in both immature mice and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist-treated adult mice. Subsequent treatment with gonadotropins allowed the generation of mature oocytes capable of undergoing early embryonic development and successful pregnancy. Furthermore, R-spondin agonist treatment of immune-deficient mice grafted with human cortical fragments stimulated the development of primary follicles to the secondary stage. Thus, oocyte-derived R-spondin2 is a paracrine factor essential for primary follicle development, and R-spondin agonists could provide a new treatment regimen for infertile women with low responses to the traditional gonadotropin therapy.
Postpartum acute kidney injury: Experience of a tertiary care center (2017)

Pregnancy-related-acute kidney injury (PR-AKI) had decreased from 40% to 20% in 1960 to <10% in recent series, mostly due to meticulous antenatal management. Postpartum-AKI (PP-AKI) resulting from late obstetric complications has become more apparent after improvement in antenatal care and legalization of medical termination of pregnancy. Women with renal injury in peripartum period admitted to our hospital over a period of 2 years (April 2013 to May 2015) were studied. Of 713 patients of AKI admitted, 61 had PR-AKI with an incidence of 4.27%. Out of the 61 patients, 28 had PP-AKI with an incidence of 1.96%. The mean age of patients with PP-AKI was 26.10 ± 4.3 years. Sepsis was the most common cause accounting for 11 (39.28%) cases followed by postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in 7 (25%) cases. Renal biopsy was done in nine patients, out of whom four were having cortical necrosis. Patients having diffuse cortical necrosis remained dialysis-dependent. High contribution of sepsis and PPH to PP-AKI in our setting makes it an ideal target for rectification. Protocolized peripartum monitoring and standard clinical practices of asepsis will go long way in decreasing the incidence of PP-AKI and maternal morbidity in our valley.
KINETICS OF PHOTOPHYSICAL HOLE-BURNING IN TETRACENE-DOPED MTHF GLASSES (1988)

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