gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radio-Propagation Model Based on the Combined Method of Ray Tracing and Diffraction (2006)

In this paper, we consider UHF radio wave propagation in vegetated residential environments. The attenuating effects of trees as well as those due to diffraction over the buildings are investigated. A new radio wave propagation prediction model based on the combined method of ray tracing and diffraction (CMRTD) is proposed. A row of trees is modeled as a two-dimensional (2-D) cylinder. It is then represented by an equivalent phase object (EPO); a row of buildings is replaced by an absorbing screen. The position and size of the EPO as well as the amplitude and phase distributions of the input field at the EPO are determined by ray tracing. Next the scattered field is computed by the Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Among the numerical results are those of the scattering from a row of trees with circular or elliptic canopies and the scattering from a row of trees/buildings configuration. The calculations treat both plane- and cylindrical-incident waves. By comparing the results with those obtained from the exact eigenfunction expansion method, we show that the CMRTD is an accurate and efficient method to calculate the scattering from a 2-D cylinder. Moreover, the range of the validity of using the CMRTD to model the scattering from one row of trees is determined.
Accelerated onset of collagen-induced arthritis by remote inflammation (1994)

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA-1 lac/J mice often has a low incidence, with gradual disease expression occurring over a broad time span (between days 35 and 70). The exact mechanisms underlying spontaneous expression are still poorly understood, although it is evident that some inflammatory cytokines like IL-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are potent accelerators. We have investigated whether we could trigger collagen type II-driven inflammation by: (i) enhancing anti-collagen type II (CII) antibodies, or (ii) a non-related inflammatory process. Male DBA-1 lac/J mice were immunized with 100 micrograms bovine type II collagen in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), resulting in a low disease expression at day 28. Addition of anti-CII antibodies slightly enhanced the expression of CIA. Zymosan (3 mg), given intraperitoneally, induced consistent expression of CIA after 1 week, whereas a retarded onset was noted with higher dosages. Local injection of a low dose of Zymosan (60 micrograms) in the knee joint, clearly potentiated the expression of CIA at that particular site. Higher concentrations not only elicited prolonged CIA expression at the injection site, but also induced marked CIA in the draining ankle joint. In contrast, intra-articular injection of Zymosan in nonimmunized DBAs or methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA)/FCA-immunized controls only induced transient joint inflammation. The nature of the highly erosive CIA was confirmed histologically, and could easily be discriminated from the reversible changes induced with Zymosan. Our data indicate that latent autoimmune reactions may come to expression at the moment of non-specific inflammation, even at a remote site.
Formal Dyotropic Rearrangements in Organometallic Transformations (2015)

Abstract A thorough understanding of the mechanistic steps that occur in organometallic processes is crucial to the development of new, increasingly sophisticated transformations. This microreview discusses an unusual class of organometallic reactions that occur through formal Type I dyotropic rearrangements, defined as processes involving the interchange of two groups along a stationary scaffold by breaking and reforming two σ bonds in which at least one σ bond is a M–X bond. Examples are subdivided into two categories – stoichiometric and catalytic – and further classified by the number of atoms across which the migrating groups interchange positions. The metal can either serve as the migrating group or function as part of the stationary scaffold. Furthermore, these rearrangements can proceed through a wide variety of different mechanisms that include oxidative insertion/reductive elimination, radical processes, or pathways in which the metal does not change oxidation state.
Hydroformylation in fluorous solventsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: typical experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b1/b110061k/ (2002)

Triaryl-phosphines and -phosphites bearing fluorous ponytails give high rates, good linear selectivity and good retention of catalyst in the fluorous phase during hydroformylation of alkenes in fluorous solvents.
Magnetocaloric Behavior in Ternary Europium Indides EuT<sub>5</sub>In: Probing the Design Capability of First-Principles-Based Methods on the Multifaceted Magnetic Materials (2017)

The most favorable structures and the types of magnetic ordering predicted from first-principles-based methods in a family of closely related transition-metal-rich indides EuT<sub>5</sub>In (T = Cu, Ag, Au) are gauged against relevant experiments. The EuT5In compounds adopt a different structure for each different coinage metal—EuCu<sub>5</sub>In (<i>hR</i>42; <i>R</i>$\overline{3}$m, <i>a</i> = 5.0933(7), <i>c</i> = 30.557(6) Å), EuAg<sub>5</sub>In (<i>oP</i>28; <i>Pnma</i>, <i>a</i> = 9.121(2), <i>b</i> = 5.645(1), <i>c</i> = 11.437(3) Å), and EuAu<sub>5</sub>In (<i>tI</i>14; <i>I</i>4/<i>mmm</i>, <i>a</i> = 7.1740(3), <i>c</i> = 5.4425(3) Å)—and crystallize with the Sr<sub>5</sub>Al<sub>9</sub>, CeCu<sub>6</sub>, and YbMo<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>4</sub> structure types, respectively. EuCu<sub>5</sub>In and EuAg<sub>5</sub>In order antiferromagnetically at T<sub>N</sub> = 12 and 6 K, respectively, whereas EuAu<sub>5</sub>In is ferromagnetic below T<sub>C</sub> = 13 K. EuCu<sub>5</sub>In exhibits complex magnetism: after the initial drop at T<sub>N</sub>, the magnetization rises again below 8 K, and a weak metamagnetic-like transition occurs at 2 K in μ<sub>0</sub>H = 1.8 T. The electronic heat capacity of EuCu<sub>5</sub>In, γ = ~400 mJ/(mol K<sup>2</sup>), points to strong electronic correlations. Spin-polarized densities of states suggest that the magnetic interactions in the three materials studied are supported via mixing 4<i>f</i> and 5<i>d</i> states of Eu. As a result, a chemical bonding analysis based on the Crystal Orbital Hamilton populations reveals the tendency to maximize overall bonding as a driving force to adopt a particular type of crystal structure.
Controlled Detachment of Chemically Glued Cells (2016)

We demonstrate a chemically detachable cell-glue system based on linkers containing disulfide bonds as well as functional groups for metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry. Azide groups are generated on the cell surface by metabolic glycoengineering, and they are further modified into tetrazine (Tz) or trans-cyclooctene (TCO) using rationally designed cross-linkers. When the Tz-modified and TCO-modified cells are mixed together, cell gluing between these two cell groups is established by Tz-TCO click chemistry. This artificial cell-cell adhesion can be broken by the administration of glutathione (5 mM), which triggers the degradation of disulfide bonds. Both the gluing and detachment processes are rapid (<10 min) and minimally cytotoxic.
There is more to IXPs than meets the eye (2013)

Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) are generally considered to be the successors of the four Network Access Points (NAPs) that were mandated as part of the decommissioning of the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) in 1994/95 to facilitate the transition from the NSFNET to the "public Internet" as we know it today. While this popular view does not tell the whole story behind the early beginnings of IXPs, what is true is that since around 1994, the number of operational IXPs worldwide has grown to more than 300 (as of May 2013), with the largest IXPs handling daily traffic volumes comparable to those carried by the largest Tier-1 ISPs. However, IXPs have never really attracted much attention from the networking research community. At first glance, this lack of interest seems understandable as IXPs have apparently little to do with current "hot" topic areas such as data centers and cloud services or Software Defined Networking (SDN) and mobile communication. However, we argue in this article that, in fact, IXPs are all about data centers and cloud services and even SDN and mobile communication and should be of great interest to networking researchers interested in understanding the current and future Internet ecosystem. To this end, we survey the existing but largely fragmented sources of publicly available information about IXPs to describe their basic technical and operational aspects and highlight the critical differences among the various IXPs in the different regions of the world, especially in Europe and North America. More importantly, we illustrate the important role that IXPs play in today's Internet ecosystem and discuss how IXP-driven innovation in Europe is shaping and redefining the Internet marketplace, not only in Europe but increasingly so around the world.
Randomized, double-blind trial of anti-interferon-<i>?</i>antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (2001)

Antibodies to IFN-gamma could be a promising approach to treating RA, especially its treatment-resistant forms.
Project Coolbit: can your watch predict heat stress and thermal comfort sensation? (2020)

Abstract Global climate is changing as a result of anthropogenic warming, leading to higher daily excursions of temperature in cities. Such elevated temperatures have great implications on human thermal comfort and heat stress, which should be closely monitored. Current methods for heat exposure assessments (surveys, microclimate measurements, and laboratory experiments), however, present several limitations: measurements are scattered in time and space and data gathered on outdoor thermal stress and comfort often does not include physiological and behavioral parameters. To address these shortcomings, Project Coolbit aims to introduce a human-centric approach to thermal comfort assessments. In this study, we propose and evaluate the use of wrist-mounted wearable devices to monitor environmental and physiological responses that span a wide range of spatial and temporal distributions. We introduce an integrated wearable weather station that records (a) microclimate parameters (such as air temperature and humidity), (b) physiological parameters (heart rate, skin temperature and humidity), and (c) subjective feedback. The feasibility of this methodology to assess thermal comfort and heat stress is then evaluated using two sets of experiments: controlled-environment physiological data collection, and outdoor environmental data collection. We find that using the data obtained through the wrist-mounted wearables, core temperature can be predicted non-invasively with 95 percent of target attainment within ±0.27 °C. Additionally, a direct connection between the air temperature at the wrist ( T a , w ) and the perceived activity level (PAV) of individuals was drawn. We observe that with increased T a , w , the desire for physical activity is significantly reduced, reaching ‘Transition only’ PAV level at 36 °C. These assessments reveal that the wearable methodology provides a comprehensive and accurate representation of human heat exposure, which can be extended in real-time to cover a large spatial distribution in a given city and quantify the impact of heat exposure on human life.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Contribution of Abcc4-Mediated Gastric Transport to the Absorption and Efficacy of Dasatinib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 81K&lt;/p&gt;
Virtualmente hablando: Emulación de interfaz DCS-a-subsistema empleando SoftCI (2013)

This paper evaluates strategies for atlas selection in atlas-based segmentation of three-dimensional biomedical images. Segmentation by intensity-based nonrigid registration to atlas images is applied to confocal microscopy images acquired from the brains of 20 bees. This paper evaluates and compares four different approaches for atlas image selection: registration to an individual atlas image (IND), registration to an average-shape atlas image (AVG), registration to the most similar image from a database of individual atlas images (SIM), and registration to all images from a database of individual atlas images with subsequent multi-classifier decision fusion (MUL). The MUL strategy is a novel application of multi-classifier techniques, which are common in pattern recognition, to atlas-based segmentation. For each atlas selection strategy, the segmentation performance of the algorithm was quantified by the similarity index (SI) between the automatic segmentation result and a manually generated gold standard. The best segmentation accuracy was achieved using the MUL paradigm, which resulted in a mean similarity index value between manual and automatic segmentation of 0.86 (AVG, 0.84; SIM, 0.82; IND, 0.81). The superiority of the MUL strategy over the other three methods is statistically significant (two-sided paired t test, P < 0.001). Both the MUL and AVG strategies performed better than the best possible SIM and IND strategies with optimal a posteriori atlas selection (mean similarity index for optimal SIM, 0.83; for optimal IND, 0.81). Our findings show that atlas selection is an important issue in atlas-based segmentation and that, in particular, multi-classifier techniques can substantially increase the segmentation accuracy.
A Novel Estimator for the Rate of Information Transfer by Continuous Signals (2011)

The information transfer rate provides an objective and rigorous way to quantify how much information is being transmitted through a communications channel whose input and output consist of time-varying signals. However, current estimators of information content in continuous signals are typically based on assumptions about the system's linearity and signal statistics, or they require prohibitive amounts of data. Here we present a novel information rate estimator without these limitations that is also optimized for computational efficiency. We validate the method with a simulated Gaussian information channel and demonstrate its performance with two example applications. Information transfer between the input and output signals of a nonlinear system is analyzed using a sensory receptor neuron as the model system. Then, a climate data set is analyzed to demonstrate that the method can be applied to a system based on two outputs generated by interrelated random processes. These analyses also demonstrate that the new method offers consistent performance in situations where classical methods fail. In addition to these examples, the method is applicable to a wide range of continuous time series commonly observed in the natural sciences, economics and engineering.
Nanoparticle-Loaded Magnetophoretic Vesicles (2008)

Magnetic nanoparticles have been assembled into the bilayer membrane of block copolymer vesicles. The nanoparticles decorate the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface, which leads to bridging of adjacent bilayers and the formation of oligo-lamellar vesicles. The nanoparticle uptake of the vesicles is sufficiently high to become magnetophoretic in external magnetic fields as shown by video microscopy.
Olfactory receptor gene cluster on human chromosome 17: possible duplication of an ancestral receptor repertoire (1994)

A gene superfamily of olfactory receptors (ORs) has recently been identified in a number of species. These receptors share a seven transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors, and are likely to underlie the recognition and G-protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. Previously, OR genes cloned in different species were from random locations in the respective genomes. We report here the cloning of 16 human OR genes, all from chromosome 17 (17p13.3). The intronless coding regions are physically mapped (on 35 cosmids) in one 0.35Mb long contiguous cluster, with an average intergenic separation of 15kb. The human OR genes in the cluster belong to four different gene subfamilies, displaying as much sequence variability as any randomly selected group of ORs. This suggests that the cluster identified may be one of several copies of an ancestral OR gene repertoire whose existence may predate the divergence of mammals. The latter may have duplicated in some species to form the present mammalian OR gene repertoire, with several hundred genes. The human chromosome 17 OR gene cluster may thus be a good model for understanding human olfaction, as well as the ontogeny and phylogeny of the OR gene superfamily.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow Induced Vibration in A High Pressure-Double Volute Centrifugal Pump (2009)

Effect of speed/flow rate on pressure fluctuation and FFT magnitude at pump discharge side 103 3-22 Effect of speed/flow rate on pressure fluctuation and FFT magnitude at pump suction side 104 3-23 Scaled impeller with V-cut at blades exit 106 3-24 Effect of the V-cut at impeller blades exit on the pump performance at different speeds compared to the case of impeller without V-cut at blade exit 108-109 3-25 Effect of the V-cut on static pressure distribution inside the pump at different flow rates, 3540 rpm 111-113 3-26 Effect of the V-cut on static pressure at location 3 at different flow rates, 3540 rpm 114 3-27 Effect of the V-cut on static pressure in discharge pipe, under different flow rates, 3540 rpm 115 3-28 Effect of the V-cut on static pressure distribution inside the pump at different flow rates, 3540 rpm 117-119 3-29 Effect of the V-cut on the FFT magnitude inside the pump, measured at the 1 st BPF (5xRPM) at different flow rates, 3540 rpm 120-122 3-30 Effect of the V-cut on the FFT Magnitude (measured at 1 st BPF) in suction and discharge pipes, under different flow rates, 3540 rpm 123 3-31 Vertical vibrations of the pump casing with the V-cut at 3540 rpm 125-126 3-32 Effect of the V-cut on pump vertical vibration at 3540 rpm 127 3-33 Extending the volute vanes to decrease the radial gap 130 3-34 Cutting back the volute vanes to increase the gap 131 3-35 Pump performance at 3540 rpm under different gaps: impeller without V-cut at blade exit 133 3-36 Effect of gap design on head and efficiency at Q=Qn: Without V-cut 134 3-37 Static pressure distribution: max and min gaps compared with the original design at two different flow rates: Without V-cut 136 3-38 Effect of decreasing the gap on pressure fluctuation at different flow rates: Without V-cut 137-138 3-39 Effect of increasing the gap on pressure fluctuation at different flow rates: Without V-cut 139-140 3-40 Effect of gap and flow rate at location 4: Without V-cut 141 3-41 Comparison between pressure distributions at geometrically similar pairs of locations around the impeller for the gaps of 3.6 and 7 mm 144 3-42 Comparison the original gap design and max gap of 7 mm for the case vibration at different flow rates: Without V-cut
A broad phonetic classifier (2005)

It has been shown that broad phonetic sequences partition a large lexicon into small equivalence classes of words sharing the same sequence. While these results illustrate the power of broad phonetic constraints for differentiating words from one another, they do not suggest how to exploit sequential constraints in recognition. This paper presents a method for decoupling sequential phonetic constraints from a lexicon, by representing allowable broad phonetic sequences in terms of n-th order Markov models. A simple frame-based broad phonetic classifier is used to evaluate the effectiveness of these models in recognition. Tests on 300 sentences from 30 male speakers demonstrate that the addition of sequential constraints improves the classifier's performance.
Blepharospasm associated with olanzapine: a case report (2004)

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Experimental Toxoplasmosis in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) (1993)

J. P. Dubey, M. D. Ruff, O. C. H. Kwok, S. K. Shen, G. C. Wilkins, P. Thulliez, Experimental Toxoplasmosis in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus), The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 79, No. 6 (Dec., 1993), pp. 935-939
Combining Independent Modules in Lexical Multiple-Choice Problems (2005)

Existing statistical approaches to natural language problems are very coarse approximations to the true complexity of language processing. As such, no single technique will be best for all problem instances. Many researchers are examining ensemble methods that combine the output of multiple modules to create more accurate solutions. This paper examines three merging rules for combining probability distributions: the familiar mixture rule, the logarithmic rule, and a novel product rule. These rules were applied with state-of-the-art results to two problems used to assess human mastery of lexical semantics -- synonym questions and analogy questions. All three merging rules result in ensembles that are more accurate than any of their component modules. The differences among the three rules are not statistically significant, but it is suggestive that the popular mixture rule is not the best rule for either of the two problems.
Shortened endotoxin-activated clotting times in patients with carcinoma. (1987)

Isolated human monocytes generate tissue factor when stimulated with endotoxins. This tissue factor generation provides a convenient marker of monocyte activation. Furthermore, the only circulating blood cell capable of generating large quantities of tissue factor is the monocyte. Therefore, the addition of endotoxin to citrated blood, and the determination of the recalcification times after incubation, yields a measure of monocyte activation. In order to determine whether monocyte activation as measured by this technique varies between patients with carcinoma and healthy volunteers, recalcification times were evaluated. The recalcification time and range for 19 healthy volunteers (controls) was 6.55 min (5.3-8.5) for the saline incubated sample and 5.69 min (4.6-7.2) for the endotoxin-activated sample. The results for 13 patients with carcinoma are 4.81 min (3.3-6.3) for the former and 3.17 min (2.0-4.3) for the latter. These results show that the longest recalcification time with endotoxin incubation for patients with carcinoma was lower than the lowest recalcification time in the control group. Whether this simple test can be of use in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with carcinomas is currently being investigated.
Structure and properties of La{sub 5}Mo{sub 4}O{sub 16}, a perovskite related compound containing an extremely short Mo-Mo bond (1993)

The structure of La{sub 5}Mo{sub 4}O{sub 16} was determined using single crystal x-ray diffraction methods. Samples prepared by fused salt electrolysis, are monoclinic; space group C2/m of perovskite with ReO{sub 3}-like layers parallel to (001) containing two types of MoO octahedra. These layers are separated from each other by Mo{sub 2}O{sub 10} units formed by two edge sharing MoO{sub 6} octahedra. In these units an exceptionally short Mo-Mo distance of 2.406 {angstrom} is observed. Recently, the authors have succeeded in growing crystals of this quasi-low dimensional material which are suitable for electrical and magnetic characterization. The results of these studies will be presented.