gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution of the T Cell Repertoire Following Treatment with Alemtuzumab in Patients with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL). (2005)

Abstract Background and Methods: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) occurs as a result of clonal accumulation of functionally abnormal B cells. Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for the CD52 antigen, which is highly expressed on both B-CLL cells and normal lymphocytes, but not on hematopoietic (CD34) stem cells. Alemtuzumab has been shown to effectively deplete the blood and bone marrow of lymphocytes, including CD4 and CD8 T cells, which may lead to profound immunosuppression and make patients more susceptible to infections. We and others have previously shown that the CD4 T cells in B-CLL patients may be clonally distinct from the normal population in that they present a more clonal pattern of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire (Rezvany et al, Blood2003;101:1063–1070). It is therefore of interest to study the T cell repertoire following alemtuzumab administration as well as factors affecting T cell reconstitution following CD52 targeted therapy. In this study, we evaluated in depth the T-cell receptor-beta-variable sequence (TCR BV) in CD4 and CD8 T cells by real-time PCR, before and repeatedly after/during long term follow-up, in 5 B-CLL patients who had received alemtuzumab as first-line therapy (Lundin et al, Blood2002;100:768–773). Also, an analysis was conducted of CDR3 length polymorphism to describe changes in the clonality pattern. Results: A decline in most of BV genes either in CD4 or CD8 T cells was observed shortly after alemtuzumab treatment, which was followed by a gradual increase in most of the BV genes during long-term follow up. CDR3 length polymorphism analysis shortly after treatment revealed an even more highly restricted pattern in CD4 T cells compared to baseline with a shift towards a monoclonal/oligoclonal pattern regardless of increased or decreased BV usage. Furthermore, in the analysis of the clonal spectrum that was expressed shortly after alemtuzumab therapy, the number of peaks was significantly reduced in CD4 (P &amp;lt;0.01) but not in CD8 T cells, which was followed by a gradual increase in diversity towards a polyclonal repertoire during long-term follow up. Conclusions: These results indicate that perturbations in the T cell repertoire following alemtuzumab are complex, and are not reflected by changes in CD4/CD8 T cell numbers only. The restricted CDR3 pattern present prior to therapy became even more restricted after end of treatment, followed by a normalization of CDR3 patterns in CD4 T-cells during long-term follow-up. These results further suggest a regulatory role for T cells in relation to the malignant B cell clone in patients with B-CLL.
Niobium(<scp>IV</scp>) sulphidohalides: preparation of Nb<sub>2</sub>X<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub>and Nb<sub>2</sub>X<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub>·nL [X = Br or Cl; n= 4, L = NCMe, SMe<sub>2</sub>, or tetrahydrothiophene (tht); n= 2, L = PhSCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SPh]. Crystal and molecular structure of Nb<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>S<sub>2</sub>·4tht (1985)

The niobium(IV) compounds Nb2Cl4S3(X = Br or Cl) were formed by the reaction of NbX5 and Sb2S3(2 : 1 molar ratio) in CS2 at 50 °C. These species contain the [[graphic omitted]]4+ moiety. A range of adducts Nb2X4S3·nL [n = 4, L = NCMe, SMe2, or tetrahydrothiophene (tht); n= 2, L = PhSCH2CH2SPh] were prepared and Nb2Cl4S2·4tht was obtained from Nb2Cl4S3·4tht by the abstraction of a sulphur atom with PPh3. A crystal of Nb2Cl4S2·4tht was found to be monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a= 19.958(11), b= 12.616(8), c= 11.530(10)Å, β= 97.0(1)°, and Z= 4. 2 741 Independent reflections above background were measured on a diffractometer and the structure refined to R 0.053. The structure is dimeric with two niobium atoms [Nb–Nb 2.868(2)Å] being linked by bridging sulphur atoms. Each metal atom is six-co-ordinate being bound to two chlorine atoms and two ligand sulphur atoms as well as the bridging atoms.
Image Reconstruction of Multiphase Flow Metering: A Compressed Sensing Approach (2018)

Abstract Multiphase flow measurements, based on tomographic imaging techniques, have made substantial progress in the past several years. In particular, ultrasonic tomographic reconstruction has shown its high potential in accurately measuring fluid fractions in a flow cross-section based on direct flow measurements. These types of measurements are very attractive as the system is nonradioactive, has direct contact to fluid, yet without flow obstruction. An ultrasonic tomographic multiphase flow meter (UTM) is being developed to capture the fluid flow rates and phase compositions in producing oil wells. The UTM aims to generate cross-sectional images of the flow inside the pipe. To recover these images, complex computations and high processing time are required, based on a limited amount of available data. For this purpose, compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction methods have shown great potential in overcoming the mentioned data quality and quantity issues. CS builds upon the fact that one can recover certain data of interest from potentially very few measurements. Many CS algorithms have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we seek to find a suitable algorithm by comparing different CS algorithms in terms of the resulting recovered image quality. Specifically, we survey three algorithms in CS, namely basis pursuit, iterative soft thresholding (IST), and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP). We also compare the results of the CS algorithms to that of a least-square based conventional algorithm. The numerical results show the superiority of CS recovery algorithms over the conventional approach, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results also suggest that high image quality could potentially be achieved with less complex CS algorithms, i.e., the IST and OMP algorithms. As presented in the paper, our goal is to adapt CS reconstruction algorithms for images generated by the UTM, for the purpose of accurate quantification of oil, gas, and water phase fractions produced from different wells.
Indução magnética de linhas de energia elétrica em linhas de telecomunicações (1988)

A inducao magnetica provocada por linhas de energia em linhas de telecomunicacoes e um fenomeno que tem causado muitos problemas para as campainhas de telecomunicacoes ,como a depreciacao ou interrupcao do servico prestado pelas mesmas.Uma condicao necessaria para solucao destes problemas e a compreensao teorica do fenomeno,a qual e dificultada por tratar-se de assunto que envolve simultaneamente conceitos de sistemas eletricos de potencia e de sistemas de telecomunicacoes .Dessa forma,este trabalho situa-se na interface destas duas areas da engenharia,abordando as redes de energia eletrica e telecomunicacoes como um unico sistema.A Introducao do trabalho descreve as implicacoes gerias da inducao magnetica e faz um historico da evolucao dos estudos sobre a mesma.No capitulo 1 e feita a insercao deste fenomeno dentro do universo das tensoes que podem ser impostas a uma linha de telecomunicacoes por fontes externas.Os capitulos 2 e 3 descrevem de forma geral as redes de telecomunicacoes e energia eletrica ,respectivamente, criando uma base conceitual comum para o desenvolvimento do trabalho.O capitulo 4divide o fenomeno da inducao magnetica em etapas,as quais sao encadeadas de forma a compor um processo.Os capitulos 5,6,7,8 e 9 se dedicam a analise de cada um destas etapas forma objetiva .Nestes capitulos os resultados experimentais do autor e de outros pesquisadores sao inseridos dentro de uma mesma estrutura teorica,dado consistencia ao processo da inducao magnetica propostos neste trabalho.
In-line optical phase-sensitive amplifier with pump light source controlled by optical phase-lock loop (1999)

This paper describes an in-line optical phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) with a pump laser whose optical phase is locked to that of a randomly modulated signal by using an optical phase-lock loop (OPLL). The OPLL is designed with the capability of optical phase locking at an arbitrary relative phase. Experimental evaluation is presented of the OPLL employing a newly developed external cavity semiconductor ring laser with a spectrum linewidth of less than 20 kHz. Employing this pump laser with the OPLL in conjunction with a 4.4-km long nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer (NFSI) yields optical phase-sensitive gain of up to 11 dB. A randomly modulated signal is successfully amplified and confirmed offering a clear eye-opening.
A Laparoscopic Method for Optimal Peritoneal Dialysis Access (2005)

Both medical benefits to the patient and financial incentives to the health care system exist to increase the use of peritoneal dialysis as renal replacement therapy. Providing long-term peritoneal access free of mechanical dysfunction continues to represent a major challenge to the success of this modality. Variable outcomes result from the lack of standard implantation methodology and failure to address persistent problems associated with current implantation techniques. This prospective case study compared noninfectious procedural complications of three approaches to establish peritoneal dialysis access. The groups consisted of 63 catheters implanted by traditional open dissection, 78 catheters implanted by basic laparoscopy without associated interventions, and 200 catheters implanted by advanced laparoscopic methods including rectus sheath tunneling, selective prophylactic omentopexy, and selective adhesiolysis. Mechanical flow obstruction, the major outcome indicator, followed only 1 of 200 (0.5%) implantation procedures in the advanced group and was significantly better (P < 0.0001) than the open dissection (17.5%) and basic laparoscopic (12.5%) groups. A low rate of pericannular leaks (1.3-2%) was not different for the three groups. One pericannular hernia occurred in the open group. Catheter mechanical dysfunction attributable to the surgical technique can nearly be eliminated through adjunctive procedures made possible only by a laparoscopic approach.
Photochemical C–F Activation Enables Defluorinative Alkylation of Trifluoroacetates and -Acetamides (2021)

The installation of <i>gem</i>-difluoromethylene groups into organic structures remains a daunting synthetic challenge despite their attractive structural, physical, and biochemical properties. A very efficient retrosynthetic approach would be the functionalization of a single C-F bond from a trifluoromethyl group. Recent advances in this line of attack have enabled the C-F activation of trifluoromethylarenes, but limit the accessible motifs to only benzylic <i>gem</i>-difluorinated scaffolds. In contrast, the C-F activation of trifluoroacetates would enable their use as a bifunctional <i>gem</i>-difluoromethylene synthon. Herein, we report a photochemically mediated method for the defluorinative alkylation of a commodity feedstock: ethyl trifluoroacetate. A novel mechanistic approach was identified using our previously developed diaryl ketone HAT catalyst to enable the hydroalkylation of a diverse suite of alkenes. Furthermore, electrochemical studies revealed that more challenging radical precursors, namely trifluoroacetamides, could also be functionalized via synergistic Lewis acid/photochemical activation. Finally, this method enabled a concise synthetic approach to novel <i>gem</i>-difluoro analogs of FDA-approved pharmaceutical compounds.
Design and Implementation of a Short Message Service Data Channel for Mobile Systems (2008)

The Short Message Service (SMS) is one of the most ubiquitous wireless technologies on Earth. Each year hundreds of billions of messages are sent, demand continues to grow, and competition between cellular providers is driving prices down. These trends create practical opportunities for the use of SMS in mobile systems. In this paper we present the design and implementation of an SMS-based data channel, or SMS-NIC, that is lightweight and runs on multiple mobile platforms. Through integration with an existing mobile platform, we show that the SMS-NIC has little operational overhead and provides efficient, reliable transport for large messages send over the cellular network, where message losses frequently occur. We motivate the design of the SMS-NIC through a characterization of SMS using workloads consisting of bursts of messages between sender and receiver. This analysis differs from previous SMS studies by focusing on transmission patterns that differ from normal cell phone use. Through this characterization we show that message delay and message loss are affected by the transmission order, the time of day has minimal effect on transmission rate, delay, and loss, and that losses and high delays significantly outweigh the rate or message reordering. 1.
Superlinear Photogalvanic Effects in (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Bi</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Sb</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Te</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Se</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>: Probing Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator Surface States at Room Temperature (2021)

We report on the observation of a complex nonlinear intensity dependence of the circular and linear photogalvanic currents induced by infrared radiation in compensated (${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{0.7}{)}_{2}$(${\mathrm{Te}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{Se}}_{0.9}{)}_{3}$ three-dimensional topological insulators. The photocurrents are induced by direct optical transitions between topological surface and bulk states. We show that an increase in the radiation intensity results first in a highly superlinear rise in the amplitude of both types of photocurrents, whereas at higher intensities the photocurrent saturates. Our analysis of the observed nonlinearities shows that the superlinear behavior of the photocurrents is caused by heating of the electron gas, while the saturation is induced by slow relaxation of the photoexcited carriers, resulting in absorbance bleaching. The observed nonlinearities give access to the Fermi-level position with respect to the Dirac point and the energy relaxation times of Dirac fermions, providing an experimental room-temperature probe of topological surface states.
Computationally Guided Stereocontrol of the Combined CH Functionalization/Cope Rearrangement (2011)

Die Anwendungsbreite einer Reaktionsfolge aus C-H-Funktionalisierung und Cope-Umlagerung wurde deutlich erweitert durch das Design von Substraten, die nicht über einen Sessel-, sondern über einen Boot-Übergangszustand reagieren. Dabei ändert sich die Diastereoselektivität gegenüber der früherer Methoden (siehe Schema, ABSA=Acetamidobenzolsulfonylazid). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Flow Rate Control Valve Using a Piezoelectric Element (1992)

A flow rate control valve using a piezoelectric element has been investigated. The valve has a horn and a ball (diameter : 4mm) which are vibrated by the piezoelectric element. The liquid flow rate is controlled by the valve-opening time. The element is effective for decreasing the time required for valve open in order to supply a voltage when the pulse width is increased. Flow rate increases linearly when the pulse width is increased. The minimum pulse width is 0.4ms, which is smaller than the 1ms-width minimum for a valve using a solenoid coil.
Association of Brain Age, Lesion Volume, and Functional Outcome in Patients With Stroke (2023)

We provide evidence that younger brain age is associated with superior poststroke outcomes and modifies the impact of focal damage. The inclusion of imaging-based assessments of brain age and brain resilience may improve the prediction of poststroke outcomes compared with focal injury measures alone, opening new possibilities for potential therapeutic targets.
Molecular dynamics simulations of ion clustering and conductivity in NaI/ether solutions. I. Effect of ion charge (1995)

Model systems of sodium iodide dissolved in dimethyl ether were studied in order to investigate the structural and dynamic properties of ionic solutions in small and polymeric ethers having low dielectric constants. Full molecular dynamics simulations were performed at ion charges ranging from 0.5 to 0.1 e, and an algorithm designed to assign ions to clusters and calculate all the terms contributing to ionic conductivity was implemented. Quantitative results were obtained for the contributions of various ionic species to the conductivity. These model systems are stable for ion charges at or below 0.3 e, and a maximum in conductivity is observed at 0.3 e. A range of ion cluster sizes is observed in each system, but the current giving rise to ionic conductivity is due primarily to the movement of free ions and the relative movement of ions within loosely bound pairs.
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (2016)

This chapter provides various configurations of hybrid power trains which are implemented in practice. These issues are formulated by highlighting the solutions that make it possible to control and optimize the charging features of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEVs), together with new ideas that could be used to increase the valorization of their storage capacity. The market development for plug-in vehicles is conditioned by several initiatives on the part of manufacturers worldwide, including various vehicle performance levels and features: 100% EVs or plug-in hybrids, alternating current charge or direct current charge, compatible or non-compatible features with certain levels of charging power. It can fulfill most of the energy requirements of an EV, and it is selected for the purpose of this case study. The functional graph must be converted into an operational graph in which the membership functions and the previously defined parameters of the Boolean mode (BM) are used.
Enhancing the Reproducibility of Group Analysis with Randomized Brain Parcellations (2013)

International audience
UWB based positioning: Cramer Rao bound for Angle Of Arrival and comparison with Time Of Arrival (2006)

In this paper we consider the potential of UWB (ultra wide band) signals for positioning. We consider both TOA (time of arrival) and AOA (angle of arrival) based methods. For the AOA method we use a linear array of equi-spaced elements. We derive the CRB associated with this method, without using the monochromatic assumption. The CRBs of both methods are compared. The analytical results are illustrated for UWB signals having the spectral occupation fulfilling the FCC emission mask. We show that, for far field conditions and practical numbers of antenna array elements, TOA outperforms AOA. However the accuracy provided by AOA is shown to be very interesting
Device-Quality SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si(100) Interfaces Prepared by a Two-Step Remote Plasma-Assisted Oxidation-Depositon Process (1992)

When using conventional high-temperature thermal oxidation processes to fabricate Si-based devices that include SiO 2 dielectrics, the SiO 2 /Si interface and bulk -oxide layer are formed at the same time . We have developed a new low-temperature process that separates interface formation , by plasma-assisted oxidation, from bulk-oxide deposition , by plasma-assisted chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) and thereby separately controls , and optimizes the respective electrical properties of the SiO 2 /Si interface, and the SiO 2 layer. This approach has been extended to multilayer oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) dielectrics on Si substrates, and has also been successfully transferred to an integrated processing cluster tool that combines the new SiO 2 /Si oxidation/deposition process, with deposition of polycrystalline Si gate electrodes by a high-temperature, rapid thermal CVD process to form a stacked gate structure.
Negative-index imaging by an index-matched photonic crystal slab (2006)

We report negative-index imaging at near infrared wavelengths using a photonic crystal (PC) with an effective index matched closely to air as the incident medium. A tapered waveguide is used to generate a point-sourcelike object field; and to probe the focusing behavior of the PC, an array of $500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ wide photonic wire waveguides is placed in the backplane of the PC lens. This represents a sampling of the image field at the rate of one data point per free space wavelength $({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0})$. For TM polarization, a well-defined $1.7{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}$ spot is observed, while the TE polarization lies near the photonic band edge and exhibits spreading and low transmission. We also investigate the wavelength dependence and experimentally show the performance of the negative index lens as a function of frequency.
A Flame-Retardant Phytic-Acid-Based LbL-Coating for Cotton Using Polyvinylamine (2020)

Phytic acid (PA), as a natural source of phosphorus, was immobilized on cotton (CO) in a layer-by-layer (LbL) approach with polyvinylamine (PVAm) as the oppositely charged electrolyte to create a partly bio-based flame-retardant finish. PVAm was employed as a synthetic nitrogen source with the highest density of amine groups of all polymers. Vertical flame tests revealed a flame-retardant behavior with no afterflame and afterglow time for a coating of 15 bilayers (BL) containing 2% phosphorus and 1.4% nitrogen. The coating achieved a molar P:N ratio of 3:5. Microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) analyses affirmed the flame test findings by a decrease in peak heat release rate (pkHRR) by more than 60% relative to unfinished CO. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and MCC measurements exhibited a shifted CO peak to lower temperatures indicating proceeding reactions to form an isolating char on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled online with a TGA system, allowed the identification of a decreased amount of acrolein, methanol, carbon monoxide and formaldehyde during sample pyrolysis and a higher amount of released water. Thereby the toxicity of released volatiles was reduced. Our results prove that PA enables a different reaction by catalyzing cellulosic dehydration, which results in the formation of a protective char on the surface of the burned fabric.
ASSESSMENT OF A CLINICAL SCORING SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF IMMUNODEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT INFECTIONS (1991)

From January, 1982, to July, 1990, 51 children with recurrent infections were investigated for immunodeficiency in this department by testing neutrophil function, lymphocyte subsets and serum immunoglobulin and complement concentrations. The prevalence of immune dysfunction within the group was 39% (20 of 51). A previously described clinical scoring system, which aims to identify children with a history of recurrent infection who merit investigation for immunodeficiency was also applied to all 51 children. The scoring system identified only 55% (11 of 20) of those with laboratory-proved immunodeficiency and had a false negative rate of 45% (9 of 20). This latter group included 2 children with severe combined immunodeficiency and 1 with hypogammaglobulinemia, diagnoses that one cannot afford to miss. The system was not sufficiently sensitive to be of use in deciding which child to test for immunodeficiency.