gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective Microarchitectural Floorplanning for 2-D and 3-D ICs (2007)

This paper presents the first multiobjective microarchitectural floorplanning algorithm for high-performance processors implemented in two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) ICs. The floorplanner takes a microarchitectural netlist and determines the dimension as well as the placement of the functional modules into single- or multiple-device layers while simultaneously achieving high performance and thermal reliability. The traditional design objectives such as area and wirelength are also considered. The 3-D floorplanning algorithm considers the following 3-D-specific issues: vertical overlap optimization and bonding-aware layer partitioning. The hybrid floorplanning approach combines linear programming and simulated annealing, which is shown to be very effective in obtaining high-quality solutions in a short runtime under multiobjective goals. This paper provides comprehensive experimental results on making tradeoffs among performance, thermal, area, and wirelength for both 2-D and 3-D ICs
Simulating nanoisland layers in THz detectors using a Monte Carlo method (2019)

We present a Monte Carlo model that simulates the effects of non-equilibrium carrier-carrier scattering and the presence of layers of ErAs nanoislands in a GaAs terahertz antenna detector. To minimize computing time, we split the model into two simulations on numerical grids with optimized resolutions. First, we calculate the effects of the ErAs nanoislands on carrier lifetime in a high resolution volume of GaAs. We then incorporate those results into a larger, lower resolution, two-dimensional simulation that models the antenna detector. The computational results match experimental data presented by Kadow et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3548–3550 (1999)] and show that the lifetime of the carriers is closely linked to the periodicity of the nanoisland layers. Our results also highlight how the periodicity of the nanoisland layers affects the sensitivity and bandwidth of the terahertz detector, information that can be used to create custom devices with optimal parameters.
Tetrahedral Robotics for Space Exploration (2007)

A reconfigurable space filling robotic architecture has a wide range of possible applications. One of the more intriguing possibilities is mobility in very irregular and otherwise impassable terrain. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is developing the third generation of its addressable reconfigurable technology (ART) tetrahedral robotics architecture. An ART-based variable geometry truss consisting of 12 tetrahedral elements made from 26 smart struts on a wireless network has been developed. The primary goal of this development is the demonstration of a new kind of robotic mobility that can provide access and articulation that complement existing capabilities. An initial set of gaits and other behaviors are being tested, and accommodations for payloads such as sensor and telemetry packages are being studied. Herein, we describe our experience with the ART tetrahedral robotics architecture and the improvements implemented in the third generation of this technology. Applications of these robots to space exploration and the tradeoffs involved with this architecture will be discussed.
Submicron YBa2Cu3Ox ramp Josephson junctions (2002)

Submicron YBa2Cu3Ox/PrBa2Cu2.6Ga0.4Ox/YBa2Cu3Ox ramp-type Josephson junctions were fabricated and tested. The submicron bridges in the top electrode were patterned by e-beam lithography and Ar ion milling through an amorphous carbon (a-C) mask. Junctions with width ranging from 0.2 to 8 μm and oriented along different crystal directions of YBa2Cu3Ox have been produced. Current–voltage characteristics show a behavior consistent with the resistively shunted junction model with small excess current. Junction critical current densities of about 10 kA/cm2 and characteristic voltages up to 6 mV were measured at 4.2 K for the submicron junctions. Junctions along different crystal orientations showed different characteristics suggesting an influence from the d-wave order parameter.
Thermal characterization of solar module due to impact of solar heat flux as an effect of geographical topology (2012)

Currently just a thousandth of a part of the total solar flux reaching our planet is being used as an effective energy source. In the foreseeable future this use is expected to rise where reliability will be a major factor worth consideration during the design process. A steady state thermal analysis is carried out of a typical solar module assembly to study impact of solar heat flux as a function of time of day and geographic location. A three dimensional finite element model of a module that consists of silicon cells and bus bars sandwiched between glass cover and backsheet using an EVA and adhesive is solved numerically to predict the temperature variation of the solar module assembly. In the analysis the boundary conditions imposed with respect to variation of heat flux as a function of the day of year and geographical topology is applied to the module and temperature variations are evaluated. A parametric study is carried out to study effect of critical parameters such as intensity of solar flux and geographical location on the overall temperature distribution of the solar module assembly. The behavior is studied at selected major cities across the globe and the results are compared on the basis of particular season of the year (fall, spring etc.) and intensity of maximum temperatures observed. A general trend of variation of maximum temperature levels according to the geographical topology is established. Recommendations are provided to minimize the maximum junction temperature which eventually results in a productive design and installation of a solar module assembly.
Learning Contact Corrections for Handle-Based Subspace Dynamics (2021)

This paper introduces a novel subspace method for the simulation of dynamic deformations. The method augments existing linear handle-based subspace formulations with nonlinear learning-based corrections parameterized by the same subspace. Together, they produce a compact nonlinear model that combines the fast dynamics and overall contact-based interaction of subspace methods, with the highly detailed deformations of learning-based methods. We propose a formulation of the model with nonlinear corrections applied on the local undeformed setting, and decoupling internal and external contact-driven corrections. We define a simple mapping of these corrections to the global setting, an efficient implementation for dynamic simulation, and a training pipeline to generate examples that efficiently cover the interaction space. Altogether, the method achieves unprecedented combination of speed and contact-driven deformation detail.
Bone Regeneration Using a Hollow Hydroxyapatite Space‐Maintaining Device for Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation – A Clinical Pilot Study (2010)

A spherical, hollow, and perforated HSMD used in sinus lift procedures can produce a void space for blood clot and new bone formation and subsequent implant installation.
Fundamental molecular characterization and comparison of the O, D0, and E stage effluents from hardwood pulp bleaching (2019)

The present study characterized effluents from the O, D0, and E stages using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques to better understand the chemical nature of the dissolved organics formed from the bleaching of a high-yield hardwood kraft pulp. Understanding the structures and molecular weight distribution of these organics is the first step in developing methods to mitigate these contaminates in the discharged effluents. The results indicated that the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the dissolved organics from oxygen delignification effluent is broader than those from D0 and E stage effluents. In addition, the O stage filtrate contained considerable amounts of lignin and xylan fragments, which showed its efficiency in removing such materials. The effluent from the D0 stage contained a lower amount of high molecular weight fragments and a higher amount of low molecular weight fragments versus the O-stage filtrate. Aromatic structures were nearly absent in the D0 stage filtrate, but the degraded organic material, presumably from oxidized lignin, contained olefinic (C=C) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups. Furthermore, higher molecular weight fragments were detected in the E-stage effluent, presumably due to the extensive solubilization and removal of the oxidized lignin generated from the D0 pulp.
OTT-ISP joint service management: A Customer Lifetime Value based approach (2017)

In this work, we propose a QoE-aware collaboration approach between Over-The-Top providers (OTT) and Internet Service Providers (ISP) based on the maximization of the profit by considering the user churn of Most Profitable Customers (MPCs), which are classified in terms of the Customer Lifetime Value (CLV). The contribution of this work is multifold. Firstly, we investigate the different perspectives of ISPs and OTTs regarding QoE management and why they should collaborate. Secondly, we investigate the current ongoing collaboration scenarios in the multimedia industry. Thirdly, we propose the QoE-aware collaboration framework based on the CLV, which includes the interfaces for information sharing between OTTs and ISPs and the use of Content Delivery Networks (CDN) and surrogate servers. Finally, we provide simulation results aiming at demonstrating the higher profit is achieved when collaboration is introduced, by engaging more MPCs with respect to current solutions.
Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Drug Delivery (2022)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one-dimensional cylindrical nanomaterials (NMs) with a diameter in the nanometer range. In the twenty-first century, CNTs have been considered the most promising NMs because of their unique optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Over the past few decades, the applications of CNTs have been explored in a range of disciplines, from bioengineering to materials science, energy, environment, construction, and nanoelectronics. In principle, CNTs can be considered a nanocontainer because the tips of CNTs are open. As a result, different types of biomolecules or drug molecules can be incorporated into the internal as well as outer space of CNTs. CNTs possess several intriguing features that make them attractive nanovehicles for controlled and targeted drug delivery. In this chapter, a brief introduction to CNTs is presented. Then, routine synthesis and purification methods of CNTs are covered. Following this, the importance of functionalization of CNTs enables the drug incorporation is discussed. Finally, a range of different applications of CNTs in drug delivery are reviewed.
Training Sequence Design for MIMO Channels: An Application-Oriented Approach (2013)

In this paper, the problem of training optimization for estimating a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) flat fading channel in the presence of spatially and temporally correlated Gaussian noise is studied in an application-oriented setup. So far, the problem of MIMO channel estimation has mostly been treated within the context of minimizing the mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimate subject to various constraints, such as an upper bound on the available training energy. We introduce a more general framework for the task of training sequence design in MIMO systems, which can treat not only the minimization of channel estimator's MSE, but also the optimization of a final performance metric of interest related to the use of the channel estimate in the communication system. First, we show that the proposed framework can be used to minimize the training energy budget subject to a quality constraint on the MSE of the channel estimator. A deterministic version of the "dual" problem is also provided. We then focus on four specific applications, where the training sequence can be optimized with respect to the classical channel estimation MSE, a weighted channel estimation MSE and the MSE of the equalization error due to the use of an equalizer at the receiver or an appropriate linear precoder at the transmitter. In this way, the intended use of the channel estimate is explicitly accounted for. The superiority of the proposed designs over existing methods is demonstrated via numerical simulations.
Hot Filament Method of RF Glow Discharge Nitriding of Nichrome Wire (1994)

Abstract Nichrome wire in the shape of a coil was plasma nitrided in a RF glow discharge using a hot filament technique. Nitriding was carried out in a 150 watt capacitively coupled RF reactor at different power ratings and filament temperatures while maintaining the pressure in the range 0.6 to 2 torr. Appreciable change in weight as well as electrical resistance was noticed due to nitridation. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the single phase cubic CrN. The paper describes the details of the experimental conditions and discusses the possible mechanism for weight loss as well as increase in electrical resistance after nitriding For 3 hours.
Balticolid: A New 12-Membered Macrolide with Antiviral Activity from an Ascomycetous Fungus of Marine Origin (2011)

A new 12-membered macrolide, balticolid (1) was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the culture broth of fungal strain 222 belonging to the Ascomycota, which was found on driftwood collected from the coast of the Greifswalder Bodden, Baltic Sea, Germany. The structure of balticolid was determined to be (3R,11R), (4E,8E)-3-hydroxy-11-methyloxacyclododeca-4,8-diene-1,7-dione using extensive spectral data as well as the modified Mosher ester method. Balticolid (1) displayed anti-HSV-1 activity with an IC50 value of 0.45 µM.
An Ultra-Miniature SIW Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna (2016)

A metamaterial-inspired ultra-miniature substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna (CBSA) is presented in this letter. A ramp-shaped slot is used in an SIW CBSA to force the structure to work in the first negative-order resonance. Other miniaturization elements such as ramp-shaped strips as the ground plane around the antenna and another loading patch underneath the slot antenna are used to achieve an 87% miniature antenna working at 2.1 GHz. Close agreement is observed for the proposed simulated and measured performance results and suggests maximum gain of 3.6 dBi with an 80% efficiency.
Short-Stem Prostheses in Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Unexpected Short-Term Complication (2020)

We now reserve the use of these stems for patients who have femoral morphology and are unable to accept standard stems. Patients who complain of new-onset thigh pain in the setting of short-stem total hip arthroplasty should have a femoral stress fracture included in the differential diagnosis and be worked up appropriately.
Small-Molecule-Based Inhibition of Histone Demethylation in Cells Assessed by Quantitative Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Post-translational modifications on histones are an important mechanism for the regulation of gene expression and are involved in all aspects of cell growth and differentiation, as well as pathological processes including neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, and cancer. A major challenge within the chromatin field is to develop methods for the quantitative analysis of histone modifications. Here we report a mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography high/low collision switching (UPLC-MS(E)) to monitor histone modifications in cells. This approach is exemplified by the analysis of trimethylated lysine-9 levels in histone H3, following a simple chemical derivatization procedure with d(6)-acetic anhydride. This method was used to study the inhibition of histone demethylases with pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) derivatives in cells. Our results show that the PDCA-dimethyl ester inhibits JMJD2A catalyzed demethylation of lysine-9 on histone H3 in human HEK 293T cells. Demethylase inhibition, as observed by MS analyses, was supported by immunoblotting with modification-specific antibodies. The results demonstrate that PDCA derived small molecules are cell permeable demethylase inhibitors and reveal that quantitative MS is a useful tool for measuring post-translational histone modifications in cells.
NPS Versus CDC: Scylla, Charybdis and the “Number Needed to [Under-] Treat” (2016)

This Spring, after years in preparation, two of the most important national documents of this decade for Americans with pain were released. Issued within days of each other in mid-March, they addressed the ironically concurrent public health crises of undertreated pain and epidemic opioid abuse. The two reports were prepared by separate branches of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services through distinct processes, one open and the other initially closed. Viewed side-by-side, they provide a case study of sharply divided views of what the nation’s top priority should be for patients with pain: improving the entire system of care for patients with pain, versus curtailing opioid prescribing. Though these goals are not mutually exclusive, as in many schisms and rivalries, the emphasis is on differences not agreement.

One document, the National Pain Strategy (NPS), was developed by the “Interagency Pain Research Coordinating Committee” (IPRCC), a group of representatives from the Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) and members of the public, including scientists and patient advocates. The IPRCC was formed in response to a 2011 mandate from the prestigious National Academy of Medicine calling for a detailed action plan to decrease the burden of undertreated pain. An oversight panel reported to co-chairs Linda Porter of NIH and Sean Mackey of Stanford, overlapping with his term as AAPM President. Fifteen other past and present AAPM members and officers participated in this effort: Drs. Buckenmaier, Carr, Cohen, Fishman, Gallagher, Green, Hamill-Ruth, Hogans (Murinson), Kerns, McCarberg, Rathmell, Stanos, Tauben, Wallace, and Webster.

The NPS begins by documenting the large burden that pain – particularly chronic pain – places upon the American public, and then systematically addresses each …
Improving the user experience of the rCUDA remote GPU virtualization framework (2014)

Summary Graphics processing units (GPUs) are being increasingly embraced by the high‐performance computing community as an effective way to reduce execution time by accelerating parts of their applications. remote CUDA (rCUDA) was recently introduced as a software solution to address the high acquisition costs and energy consumption of GPUs that constrain further adoption of this technology. Specifically, rCUDA is a middleware that allows a reduced number of GPUs to be transparently shared among the nodes in a cluster. Although the initial prototype versions of rCUDA demonstrated its functionality, they also revealed concerns with respect to usability, performance, and support for new CUDA features. In response, in this paper, we present a new rCUDA version that (1) improves usability by including a new component that allows an automatic transformation of any CUDA source code so that it conforms to the needs of the rCUDA framework, (2) consistently features low overhead when using remote GPUs thanks to an improved new communication architecture, and (3) supports multithreaded applications and CUDA libraries. As a result, for any CUDA‐compatible program, rCUDA now allows the use of remote GPUs within a cluster with low overhead, so that a single application running in one node can use all GPUs available across the cluster, thereby extending the single‐node capability of CUDA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Manifestations and Myositis-Specific Autoantibodies Associated with Physical Dysfunction after Treatment in Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: An Observational Study of Physical Dysfunction with Myositis in Japan (2016)

Half of the PM/DM patients showed physical dysfunction after treatment. Age at disease onset, gender, CK level before treatment, and anti-SRP were significant predictors associated with physical dysfunction after treatment in PM/DM.
Combined high power and high frequency operation of InGaAsP/InP lasers at 1.3 μm (1990)

A simultaneous operation of a semiconductor laser at high power and high speed was demonstrated in a buried crescent laser on a P-InP substrate. In a cavity length of 300μm, a maximum CW power of 130 mW at room temperature was obtained in a junction-up mounting configuration. A 3 dB bandwidth in excess of 12 GHz at an output power of 52 mW was observed.
Nitrated Oleic Acid Coating of Nitinol Grafts to Diminish Stent-Angioplasty-Associated Thrombotic Complications (2019)

Objectives: According to the German Federal Statistical Office, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has continued to increase and at 38.5% still represents the most frequent cause of death in Germany. Above all, arterial vascular diseases that are mainly a result of atherosclerotic changes in the vessel wall play a decisive role. Although stent angioplasty, the most common treatment for atherosclerotic vessels, is a minimally invasive procedure, the implanted foreign material can lead to inflammation processes and to restenosis or thrombosis. Therefore, our study focuses on the development of a new and efficient stent coating based on nitrated oleic acid (NO2-OA), which modulates various antiinflammatory and antiproliferative processes via different signal pathways under physiological conditions.
A Protein in Crude Cytosol Regulates Glucose-6-phosphatase Activity in Crude Microsomes to Regulate Group Size in Dictyostelium (2006)

Dictyostelium discoideum form groups of approximately 2 x 10(4) cells. The group size is regulated in part by a negative feedback pathway mediated by a secreted multipolypeptide complex called counting factor (CF). The CF signal transduction pathway involves CF-repressing internal glucose levels by increasing the K(m) of glucose-6-phosphatase. Little is known about how this enzyme is regulated. Glucose-6-phosphatase is associated with microsomes in both Dictyostelium and mammals. We find that the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in crude microsomes from cells with high, normal, or low CF activity had a negative correlation with the amount of CF present in these cell lines. In crude cytosols (supernatants from ultracentrifugation of cell lysates), the glucose-6-phosphatase activity had a positive correlation with CF accumulation. The crude cytosols were further fractionated into a fraction containing molecules greater than 10 kDa (S>10K) and molecules less than 10 KDa (S<10K). S>10K from wild-type cells strongly repressed the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in wild-type microsomes, whereas S>10K from countin(-) cells (cells with low CF activity) significantly increased the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in wild-type microsomes by decreasing K(m). The regulatory activities in the wild-type and countin(-) S>10Ks are heat-labile and protease-sensitive, suggesting that they are proteins. S<10K from both wild-type and countin(-) cells did not significantly change glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Together, the data suggest that, as a part of a pathway modulating multicellular group size, CF regulates one or more proteins greater than 10 KDa in crude cytosol that affect microsome-associated glucose-6-phosphatase activity.
Near-infrared scattering spectrum differences between benign and malignant breast tumors measured in vivo with diffuse tomography (2004)

Near-infrared spectral tomographic imaging was used to show that a statistically significant difference exists in the spectral scattering power and amplitude between a group of benign (n=7) and malignant (n=6) tumor tissues imaged in vivo.