gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A5216 Association between Blood Pressure Components and Brachial–ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Chinese Hypertensive Adults (2018)

Objectives: Uncertainty remains regarding the correlations between blood pressure (BP) components [systolic BP (SBP), diastolic (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP)] and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) because of limited and inconsistent data. We aimed to provide insights into the relationship between BP components and baPWV. Methods: The study included 14,598 hypertensive patients, who were selected from 20,702 participants in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT) at the exit visit of the trial. Results: Continuous SBP, DBP, PP and MAP were positively correlated with baPWV (β = 0.081, 0.084, 0.078 and 0.115, respectively). When BP components were classified into categorical variables, compared to normal MAP levels (70–105 mmHg), high MAP levels (≥105 mmHg) were positively correlated with baPWV (β = 2.080; 95%CI: 1.973–2.187), while low MAP levels (<70 mmHg) were negatively associated with baPWV (β = −3.224; 95%CI: −4.235 – −2.212). Furthermore, we observed a significant and progressive increase in baPWV with all BP components quartiles, suggesting a dose-dependent increase in baPWV with BP components. Meanwhile, in participants with SBP ≥145.3 mmHg, the coefficient reached the maximum [β = 3.447, P < 0.001]. Still, the effect of BP components on baPWV also showed differences within the different subgroups. Conclusion: In conclusion, among hypertensive patients, SBP, DBP, PP and MAP levels were independently and significantly positively associated with baPWV. Nonetheless, continuous MAP and categorical SBP ≥145.3 mmHg were strongly associated with baPWV, indicating that they might be more powerful predictors of arterial stiffness.
Retinol binding protein 4 primes the NLRP3 inflammasome by signaling through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (2020)

Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation contributes to systemic insulin resistance. In obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), the major retinol carrier in serum, is elevated in AT and has proinflammatory effects which are mediated partially through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We now show that RBP4 primes the NLRP3 inflammasome for interleukin-1β (IL1β) release, in a glucose-dependent manner, through the TLR4/MD2 receptor complex and TLR2. This impairs insulin signaling in adipocytes. IL1β is elevated in perigonadal white AT (PGWAT) of chow-fed RBP4-overexpressing mice and in serum and PGWAT of high-fat diet-fed RBP4-overexpressing mice vs. wild-type mice. Holo- or apo-RBP4 injection in wild-type mice causes insulin resistance and elevates PGWAT inflammatory markers, including IL1β. TLR4 inhibition in RBP4-overexpressing mice reduces PGWAT inflammation, including IL1β levels and improves insulin sensitivity. Thus, the proinflammatory effects of RBP4 require NLRP3-inflammasome priming. These studies may provide approaches to reduce AT inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes.
Does the High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in African Americans Contribute to Health Disparities? (2021)

African Americans have higher incidence of, and mortality from, many health-related problems than European Americans. They also have a 15 to 20-fold higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency. Here we summarize evidence that: (i) this health disparity is partly due to insufficient vitamin D production, caused by melanin in the skin blocking the UVB solar radiation necessary for its synthesis; (ii) the vitamin D insufficiency is exacerbated at high latitudes because of the combination of dark skin color with lower UVB radiation levels; and (iii) the health of individuals with dark skin can be markedly improved by correcting deficiency and achieving an optimal vitamin D status, as could be obtained by supplementation and/or fortification. Moderate-to-strong evidence exists that high 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and/or vitamin D supplementation reduces risk for many adverse health outcomes including all-cause mortality rate, adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, cancer, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, multiple sclerosis, acute respiratory tract infections, COVID-19, asthma exacerbations, rickets, and osteomalacia. We suggest that people with low vitamin D status, which would include most people with dark skin living at high latitudes, along with their health care provider, consider taking vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplements to raise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) or possibly higher.
Poster: Towards a Distributed and Self-Adaptable Cloud-Edge Middleware (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) landscape has grown tremendously over the past few years. Modern devices are getting more powerful, and are therefore gaining the ability to execute complex and rich applications (edge computing), which can yield many benefits compared to traditional, cloud-centric models. On the other end, the use of high-level languages (e.g., JavaScript) allows programmers to abstract low-level considerations, and gives the ability to run the same code across different platforms. In this paper, we describe the main features of ThingsJS, our comprehensive self-adaptive cloud-edge middleware that allows for designing and running high-level, complex applications written in JavaScript on the IoT devices themselves.
Conditional <i>Alpl</i> Ablation Phenocopies Dental Defects of Hypophosphatasia (2016)

Loss-of-function mutations in ALPL result in hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inborn error of metabolism that causes defective skeletal and dental mineralization. ALPL encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme expressed in bone, teeth, liver, and kidney that hydrolyzes the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate. As Alpl-null mice die before weaning, we aimed to generate mouse models of late-onset HPP with extended life spans by engineering a floxed Alpl allele, allowing for conditional gene ablation (conditional knockout [cKO]) when crossed with Cre recombinase transgenic mice. The authors hypothesized that targeted deletion of Alpl in osteoblasts and selected dental cells ( Col1a1-cKO) or deletion in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and craniofacial mesenchyme ( Prx1-cKO) would phenocopy skeletal and dental manifestations of late-onset HPP. Col1a1-cKO and Prx1-cKO mice were viable and fertile, and they did not manifest the epileptic seizures characteristic of the Alpl<sup>-/-</sup> model of severe infantile HPP. Both cKO models featured normal postnatal body weight but significant reduction as compared with wild type mice by 8 to 12 wk. Plasma alkaline phosphatase for both cKO models at 24 wk was reduced by approximately 75% as compared with controls. Radiography revealed profound skeletal defects in cKO mice, including rachitic changes, hypomineralized long bones, deformations, and signs of fractures. Microcomputed tomography confirmed quantitative differences in cortical and trabecular bone, including decreased cortical thickness and mineral density. Col1a1-cKO mice exhibited classic signs of HPP dentoalveolar disease, including short molar roots with thin dentin, lack of acellular cementum, and osteoid accumulation in alveolar bone. Prx1-cKO mice exhibited the same array of periodontal defects but featured less affected molar dentin. Both cKO models exhibited reduced alveolar bone height and 4-fold increased numbers of osteoclast-like cells versus wild type at 24 wk, consistent with HPP-associated periodontal disease. These novel models of late-onset HPP can inform on long-term skeletal and dental manifestations and will provide essential tools to further studies of etiopathologies and therapeutic interventions.
Precious cargo: Modulation of the mesenteric lymph exosome payload after hemorrhagic shock (2018)

Postshock ML exosomes carry a distinct, proinflammatory protein cargo. Stimulating the vagus nerve prevents the T/HS-induced changes in ML exosome protein payload and suggests a novel mechanism by which the neuroenteric axis may limit the systemic inflammatory response after injury.
Hormone replacement therapy attenuates hearing loss: Mechanisms involving estrogen and the IGF‐1 pathway (2019)

Estradiol (E) is a multitasking hormone that plays a prominent role in the reproductive system, and also contributes to physiological and growth mechanisms throughout the body. Frisina and colleagues have previously demonstrated the beneficial effects of this hormone, with E-treated subjects maintaining low auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds relative to control subjects (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006;103:14246; Hearing Research, 2009;252:29). In the present study, we evaluated the functionality of the peripheral and central auditory systems in female CBA/CaJ middle-aged mice during and after long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) via electrophysiological and molecular techniques. Surprisingly, there are very few investigations about the side effects of HRT in the auditory system after it has been discontinued. Our results show that the long-term effects of HRT are permanent on ABR thresholds and ABR gap-in-noise (GIN) amplitude levels. E-treated animals had lower thresholds and higher amplitude values compared to other hormone treatment subject groups. Interestingly, progesterone (P)-treated animals had ABR thresholds that increased but amplitude levels that remained relatively the same throughout treatment. These results were consistent with qPCR experiments that displayed high levels of IGF-1R in the stria vascularis (SV) of both E and P animal groups compared to combination treatment (E + P) animals. IGF-1R plays a vital role in mediating anti-apoptotic responses via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Overall, our findings gain insights into the neuro-protective properties of E hormone treatments as well as expand the scientific knowledge base to help women decide whether HRT is the right choice for them.
Robust Extraction of Optic Flow Differentials for Surface Reconstruction (2010)

The first-order differential invariants of optic flow, namely divergence, curl, and deformation, provide useful shape indicators of objects passing through view. However, as differential quantities these are often difficult to extract reliably. In this paper we present a filter-based method for computing these invariants with sufficient accuracy to permit the construction of a partial scene model. The noise robustness of our method is analysed using both synthetic and real world images. We also demonstrate that the deformation of a dense optic flow field encodes sufficient information to reliably estimate surface orientations if viewer ego-motion is purely translational.
Patient prompting of their physician resulted in increased colon cancer screening referrals (2014)

Patient initiated physician prompting produced a significant referral increase for CRC-S in underinsured and insured patient populations. Additional investigation aimed at increasing CRC-S acceptance is warranted.
BRDF Estimation with Simple Measurement and Data-driven Model (2018)

In this paper, we proposed a method for measuring surface reflectance under multiple lighting by using simple devices. In order to establish this method, we first applied principal component analysis (PCA) to MERL BRDF database for compact representation. For estimating BRDF under multiple lighting, lighting component is obtained from the image captured by omni-directional camera. Through the optimization process using these basis and lighting component, an appropriate set of vertex data necessary for estimating unknown BRDF are selected. By performing the optimization process, our method allows us to estimate unknown BRDF efficiently. Finally, to obtain weighting coefficient for linear combination, the measured data of selected vertex are projected onto the basis of BRDF. We verified that our method can estimate the surface reflectance with high accuracy by comparing the results between ground truth and estimated data.
Planar and three-dimensional damage-free etching of β-Ga2O3 using atomic gallium flux (2021)

In situ etching using Ga flux in an ultra-high vacuum environment like molecular beam epitaxy is introduced as a method to make high aspect ratio three-dimensional (3D) structures in β-Ga2O3. Etching of β-Ga2O3 due to excess Ga adatoms on the epilayer surface had been viewed as non-ideal for epitaxial growth especially since it results in plateauing and lowering of the growth rate. In this study, we use this well-known reaction from epitaxial growth to intentionally etch β-Ga2O3. We demonstrate etch rate ranging from 2.9 to 30 nm/min with the highest reported etch rate being only limited by the highest Ga flux used. Patterned in situ etching is also demonstrated and used to study the effect of fin orientation on the sidewall profiles and dopant (Si) segregation on the etched surface. Using in situ Ga etching, we also demonstrate 150 nm wide fins and 200 nm wide nanopillars with high aspect ratio. This etching method could enable future development of highly scaled vertical and lateral 3D devices in β-Ga2O3.
Stereolithography 3D Printed Resin Pressure Enclosures Applied in the Marine Environment (2022)

To date, pressure enclosures for the marine environment lack modular options that are low-cost and accessible. This paper explores stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing using resin for the creation of customizable underwater pressure enclosures. The material properties of the SLA prints are critical to accurately evaluating the materials’ performance in an underwater environment. For this project, SLA resin formulas made by Siraya Tech, selected due to their cost and availability, were assessed. The ASTM D695-15 standard was followed to find their compressive properties. From there, a case study was conducted using SLA printed pressure enclosures to examine their performance. The enclosures’ 3D models in Autodesk Fusion 360 were analyzed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and were validated through physical testing of the enclosure within a pressure tank. Qualitative testing of the enclosures was also conducted by observing the physical changes of the sample after extended sun and water exposure.
Combination therapy targeting the tumor microenvironment is effective in a model of human ocular melanoma (2007)

Lenalidomide and sorafenib are effective at targeting endothelial cells, inhibiting growth of ocular melanoma cells and can inhibit growth of tumors in a xenograft model as well as inhibit development of metastases. Combining these agents works in an additive to synergistic way to inhibit the growth of tumors and development of metastases.
Characterization of Fluidization and Mixing of Binary Mixtures Containing Biomass at Low Velocities Through Analyzing Local Pressure Fluctuations (2011)

To judge qualitatively the effect of biomass properties on its fluidizability and mixing tendency with sand particles at low fluidization velocities, local pressure gradients in the top and bottom of the bed were compared for all investigated systems. It was found that changing the mass fraction and the size of biomass impacted the onset of bubbling and the size of bubbles across the bed, which, in turn, affected the mixing/segregation of the bed content.
Erlotinib: Recent Clinical Results and Ongoing Studies in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2007)

The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib has shown to provide clinical benefit to patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of front-line chemotherapy in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. More importantly, because of its unique mechanism of action, erlotinib seems to provide higher clinical benefit to specific subgroups of patients. The continued development of erlotinib in NSCLC is focused on the following areas: (a) validating clinical and molecular markers of clinical benefit in front-line therapy, (b) developing therapies for acquired and naturally resistant tumors, (c) revisiting combinations with chemotherapy, (d) developing combinations with antiangiogenesis agents, and (e) understanding the biological significance of the skin toxicity and developing rational approaches for its treatment. Clinical studies addressing these five areas are ongoing and are briefly described in this review.
&lt;title&gt;Distributed tactical reasoning framework for intelligent vehicles&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

In independent vehicle concepts for the Automated Highway System (AHS), the ability to make competent tactical-level decisions in real-time is crucial. Traditional approaches to tactical reasoning typically involve the implementation of large monolithic systems, such as decision trees or finite state machines. However, as the complexity of the environment grows, the unforeseen interactions between components can make modifications to such systems very challenging. For example, changing an overtaking behavior may require several, non-local changes to car-following, lane changing and gap acceptance rules. This paper presents a distributed solution to the problem. PolySAPIENT consists of a collection of autonomous modules, each specializing in a particular aspect of the driving task - classified by traffic entities rather than tactical behavior. Thus, the influence of the vehicle ahead on the available actions is managed by one reasoning object, while the implications of an approaching exit are managed by another. The independent recommendations form these reasoning objects are expressed in the form of votes and vetos over a 'tactical action space', and are resolved by a voting arbiter. This local independence enables PolySAPIENT reasoning objects to be developed independently, using a heterogenous implementation. PolySAPIENT vehicles are implemented in the SHIVA tactical highway simulator, whose vehicles are based on the Carnegie Mellon Navlab robots.
TMS-evoked changes in brain-state dynamics quantified by using EEG data (2013)

To improve our understanding of the combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) method in general, it is important to study how the dynamics of the TMS-modulated brain activity differs from the dynamics of spontaneous activity. In this paper, we introduce two quantitative measures based on EEG data, called mean state shift (MSS) and state variance (SV), for evaluating the TMS-evoked changes in the brain-state dynamics. MSS quantifies the immediate TMS-elicited change in the brain state, whereas SV shows whether the rate at which the brain state changes is modulated by TMS. We report a statistically significant increase for a period of 100-200 ms after the TMS pulse in both MSS and SV at the group level. This indicates that the TMS-modulated brain state differs from the spontaneous one. Moreover, the TMS-modulated activity is more vigorous than the natural activity.
Incidence of postoperative cystoid macular edema by a single surgeon (2009)

The incidence of clinically significant and angiographic CME in this study is confirmatory of previous studies in the literature. The use of intraoperative subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide did not appear to significantly reduce the development of post-operative CME.
A calibrated photoresist model for pattern prediction (2008)

As design rules shrink, the goal for model-based OPC/RET schemes is to minimize the discrepancy between the intended pattern and the printed pattern, particularly among 2d structures. Errors in the OPC design often result from insufficient model calibration across the parameter space of the imaging system and the focus-exposure process window. Full-chip simulations can enable early detection of hotspots caused by OPC/RET errors, but often these OPC model simulations have calibration limitations that result in undetected critical hotspots which limit the process window and yield. Also, as manufacturing processes are improved to drive yield enhancement, and are transferred to new facilities, the lithography tools and processes may differ from the original process used for OPC/RET model calibration conditions, potentially creating new types of hotspots in the patterned layer. In this work, we examine the predictive performance of rigorous physics-based 193 nm resist models in terms of portability and extrapolative accuracy. To test portability, the performance of a physical model calibrated using 1d data from a development facility will be quantified using 1d and 2d hotspot data generated at a different manufacturing facility with a production attenuated-PSM lithography process at k1 < 0.4. To test extrapolative accuracy, a similar test will be conducted using data generated at the manufacturing facility with illumination conditions which differ significantly from the original calibration conditions. Simulations of post-OPC process windows will be used to demonstrate application of calibrated physics-based resist models in hotspot characterization and mitigation.
Enhancer methylation dynamics contribute to cancer plasticity and patient mortality (2016)

During development, enhancers play pivotal roles in regulating gene expression programs; however, their involvement in cancer progression has not been fully characterized. We performed an integrative analysis of DNA methylation, RNA-seq, and small RNA-seq profiles from thousands of patients, including 25 diverse primary malignances and seven body sites of metastatic melanoma. We found that enhancers are consistently the most differentially methylated regions (DMR) as cancer progresses from normal to primary tumors and then to metastases, compared to other genomic features. Remarkably, identification of enhancer DMRs (eDMRs) enabled classification of primary tumors according to physiological organ systems, and in metastasis eDMRs are the most correlated with patient outcome. To further understand the eDMR role in cancer progression, we developed a model to predict genes and microRNAs that are regulated by enhancer and not promotor methylation, which shows high accuracy with chromatin architecture methods and was experimentally validated. Interestingly, among all metastatic melanoma eDMRs, the most correlated with patient survival were eDMRs that "switched" their methylation patterns back and forth between normal, primary, and metastases and target cancer drivers, e.g., KIT We further demonstrated that eDMR target genes were modulated in melanoma by the bone metastasis microenvironment, suggesting that eDMRs respond to microenvironmental cues in metastatic niches. Our findings that aberrant methylation in cancer cells mostly affects enhancers, which contribute to tumor progression and cancer cell plasticity, will facilitate development of epigenetic anticancer approaches.