gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome wide analysis reveals heparan sulfate epimerase modulates TDP-43 proteinopathy (2019)

Pathological phosphorylated TDP-43 protein (pTDP) deposition drives neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). However, the cellular and genetic mechanisms at work in pathological TDP-43 toxicity are not fully elucidated. To identify genetic modifiers of TDP-43 neurotoxicity, we utilized a Caenorhabditis elegans model of TDP-43 proteinopathy expressing human mutant TDP-43 pan-neuronally (TDP-43 tg). In TDP-43 tg C. elegans, we conducted a genome-wide RNAi screen covering 16,767 C. elegans genes for loss of function genetic suppressors of TDP-43-driven motor dysfunction. We identified 46 candidate genes that when knocked down partially ameliorate TDP-43 related phenotypes; 24 of these candidate genes have conserved homologs in the human genome. To rigorously validate the RNAi findings, we crossed the TDP-43 transgene into the background of homozygous strong genetic loss of function mutations. We have confirmed 9 of the 24 candidate genes significantly modulate TDP-43 transgenic phenotypes. Among the validated genes we focused on, one of the most consistent genetic modifier genes protecting against pTDP accumulation and motor deficits was the heparan sulfate-modifying enzyme hse-5, the C. elegans homolog of glucuronic acid epimerase (GLCE). We found that knockdown of human GLCE in cultured human cells protects against oxidative stress induced pTDP accumulation. Furthermore, expression of glucuronic acid epimerase is significantly decreased in the brains of FTLD-TDP cases relative to normal controls, demonstrating the potential disease relevance of the candidate genes identified. Taken together these findings nominate glucuronic acid epimerase as a novel candidate therapeutic target for TDP-43 proteinopathies including ALS and FTLD-TDP.
Secretory versus Degradative Autophagy: Unconventional Secretion of Inflammatory Mediators (2013)

Autophagy (macroautophagy) is often defined as a degradative process and a tributary of the lysosomal pathway. In this context, autophagy carries out cytoplasmic quality control and nutritional functions by removing defunct or disused organelles, particulate targets and invading microbes, and by bulk digestion of the cytoplasm. However, recent studies indicate that autophagy surprisingly affects multiple secretory pathways. Autophagy participates in extracellular delivery of a number of cytosolic proteins that do not enter the conventional secretory pathway via the Golgi apparatus but are instead unconventionally secreted directly from the cytosol. In mammalian cells, a prototypical example of this manifestation of autophagy is the unconventional secretion of a major proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β. This review examines the concept of secretory autophagy and compares and contrasts the role of autophagy in the secretion of IL-1α and IL-1β. Although IL-1α and IL-1β have closely related extracellular inflammatory functions, they differ in intracellular activation, secretory mechanisms and how they are affected by autophagy. This example indicates that the role of autophagy in secretion is more complex, at least in mammalian cells, than the simplistic view that autophagosomes provide carriers for unconventional secretion of cytosolic proteins.
Ion–ion plasmas and double layer formation in weakly collisional electronegative discharges (1998)

Plasmas of electronegative gases often separate into two distinct regions: an ion–ion core and an electron–ion periphery. Under certain conditions, a double layer may form at the boundary between the two regions. In weakly collisional three-component electronegative plasmas, formation of a double layer depends on the ratio of the electron to negative ion temperatures, and the ratio of the electron to positive ion densities.
Cluster effect in initially homogeneous traffic flow (1993)

It is shown that, in an initially homogeneous traffic flow, a region of high density and low average velocity of cars can spontaneously appear, if the density of cars in the flow exceeds some critical value. This region---a cluster of cars---can move with constant velocity in the opposite direction or in the direction of the flow, depending on the selected parameters and the initial conditions of the traffic flow. Based on numerical simulations, the kinetics of cluster formation and the shape of stationary moving clusters are found. The results presented can explain the appearance of a ``phantom traffic jam,'' which is observed in real traffic flow.
In vivo label-free confocal imaging of the deep mouse brain with long-wavelength illumination (2018)

Optical microscopy is a valuable tool for <i>in vivo</i> monitoring of biological structures and functions because of its non-invasiveness. However, imaging deep into biological tissues is challenging due to the scattering and absorption of light. Previous research has shown that 1300 nm and 1700 nm are the two best wavelength windows for deep brain imaging. Here, we combined long-wavelength illumination of ~1700 nm with reflectance confocal microscopy and achieved an imaging depth of ~1.3 mm with ~1-micrometer spatial resolution in adult mouse brains, which is 3-4 times deeper than that of conventional confocal microscopy using visible wavelength. We showed that the method can be added to any laser-scanning microscopy with simple and low-cost sources and detectors, such as continuous-wave diode lasers and InGaAs photodiodes. The long-wavelength, reflectance confocal imaging we demonstrated is label-free, and requires low illumination power. Furthermore, the imaging system is simple and low-cost, potentially creating new opportunities for biomedical research and clinical applications.
Performance limitations of IR detector materials: a technology comparison (1989)

No summary was available at press time.
Regional Stability Analysis of Transitional Fluid Flows (2022)

A method to bound the maximum energy perturbation for which regional stability of transitional fluid flow models can be guaranteed is introduced. The proposed method exploits the fact that the fluid model’s nonlinearities are both lossless and locally bounded and uses the axes lengths of the ellipsoids for the trajectory set containment as variables in the stability conditions. Compared to existing approaches based on quadratic constraints, the proposed method leads to an average increase in the maximum allowable energy perturbation of ≈ 29% for the 4-state Waleffe-Kim-Hamilton (WKH) shear flow model and of ≈ 38% for the 9-state reduced model of Couette flow.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Mild/Borderline Hip Dysplasia with Concomitant Femoroacetabular Impingement—Literature Review (2022)

With better understanding, hip arthroscopy has recently been advocated for treating mild or borderline hip dysplasia (BDH) with concomitant femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) despite early studies that condemned its use. Recent outcome data have demonstrated that hip arthroscopy is a viable option in BDH, with and without FAI, and has been gaining wider acceptance. Hip arthroscopy can address the concomitant soft tissue and bony intra-articular pathologies and obviate the necessity for other surgeries. Moreover, hip arthroscopy may be used as an adjuvant treatment to other procedures such as a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Hip arthroscopy for BDH is an evolving procedure with promising short- and mid-term outcomes. The combination of BDH and FAI is becoming recognized as a problem in its own right, requiring dedicated treatment.
Photovoltaic utility/customer interface study. Final report (1980)

The technical, economic, and legal and regulatory issues of interconnecting small, privately-owned, on-site photovoltaic generating systems to an electric utility are addressed. Baseline residential, commercial and industrial class photovoltaic systems were developed. Technical issues of concern affecting this interconnection were identified and included fault protection, undervoltage protection, lamp flicker, revenue metering, loss of synchronism, electrical safety, prevention of backfeeding a de-energized utility feeder, effects of on-site generation on utility relaying schemes, effects of power conditioner harmonic distortion on the electric utility, system isolation, electromagnetic interference and site power factor as seen by the utility. Typical interconnection wiring diagrams were developed for interconnecting each class of baseline photovoltaic generating system. These diagrams incorporated typical protective features currently required by electric utilities. Areas requiring additional technical work are highlighted and include electrical safety, prevention of backfeeding a de-energized feeder, power factor requirements and permissible limits of harmonic injection. An economic evaluation methodology was developed to allow the potential photovoltaic system owner to compare various possible photovoltaic generating system configurations under different utility rate structures and varying economic climates on a consistent basis. The methodology permits calculation of the cost of meeting the customer's energy needs for a specific time period for anymore » given equipment configuration and economic environment.« less
A cavity quantum electrodynamics implementation of the Sachdev--Ye--Kitaev model (2023)

The search for a quantum theory of gravity has led to the discovery of quantum many-body systems that are dual to gravitational models with quantum properties. The perhaps most famous of these systems is the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. It features maximal scrambling of quantum information, and opens a potential inroad to experimentally investigating aspects of quantum gravity. A scalable laboratory realisation of this model, however, remains outstanding. Here, we propose a feasible implementation of the SYK model in cavity quantum electrodynamics platforms. Through detailed analytical and numerical demonstrations, we show how driving a cloud of fermionic atoms trapped in a multi-mode optical cavity, and subjecting it to a spatially disordered AC-Stark shift retrieves the physics of the SYK model, with random all-to-all interactions and fast scrambling. Our work provides a blueprint for realising the SYK model in a scalable system, with the prospect of studying holographic quantum matter in the laboratory.
Isaac Newton (1996)

In this elegant, absorbing biography of Isaac Newton (1642–1727), Rupert Hall surveys the vast field of modern scholarship in order to interpret Newton's mathematical and experimental approach to nature. Mathematics was always the deepest, most innovative and productive of Newton's interests. However, he was also a historian, theologian, chemist, civil servant, and natural philosopher. These diverse studies were unified in his single design as a Christian to explore every facet of God's creation. The story of Newton's life and discoveries has been greatly altered by exploration of his huge manuscript legacy during the last forty years, throwing new light upon his personality and intellect. Hall's discussion of this research shows that Newton cannot simply be explained as a Platonist, mystic, or magus. He remains a complex and enigmatic genius with an immensely imaginative and commonsensical mind.
Mitigating oil spills in the water column (2017)

The scale and scope of uncontrolled oil spills can be devastating.
Antimycobacterial Activity of Lichens (2007)

Ethanol extracts of nine lichen species, namely Everniastrum cirrhatum. (Fr.) Hale ex Sipman (Parmeliaceae), Flavoparmelia caperata. (L) Hale (Parmeliaceae), Heterodermia leucomela. (L) Poelt (Physciaceae), Lecanora flavidorufa. Hue (Lecanoraceae), Leptogium pedicellatum. P.M. Jorg (Collemataceae), Lobaria isidiosa. (Bory) Trevisan (Stictaceae), Rimelia reticulata. (Taylor) Hale and Fletcher (Parmeliaceae), Phaeophyscia hispidula. (Ach.) Essl (Physciaceae), and Stereocaulon foliolosum. Nyl. (Stereocaulaceae), were evaluated for antimycobacteral properties against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. H37Rv and H37Ra strains using the radiometric BACTEC method. Among the tested lichens, the virulent strain of M. tuberculosis. H37Rv was found more susceptible to ethanol extract of F. caperata. and H. leucomela. (MIC 250 µg/mL). E. cirrhatum., R. reticulata., and S. foliolosum. were found active at the concentration of 500 µg/mL. L. isidiosa., L. pedicellatum., P. hispidula., and L. flavidorufa. did not exhibit activity at the maximum tested concentration of 1000 µg/mL.
Improving Titanium Implant Stability with Photobiomodulation: A Review and Meta-Analysis of Irradiation Parameters (2023)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> This analysis was designed to present a summary of available evidence that will inform practice and guide future research for photobiomodulation (PBM) after titanium implant placement procedures. <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> A systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria. Two investigators screened the titles and abstracts, and reviewed articles for risk of bias. Online databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Terms were specific to the effects of PBM on dental implant stability. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eight hundred fifty-six studies were identified, and 15 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Light sources included both laser and light emitting diode (LED) devices. Wavelengths ranged from 618 to 1064 nm. The meta-analysis concluded that all 15 published studies were able to safely apply PBM near dental implants without adverse events. Laser and LED wavelengths that reported significant results included 618, 626, 830, 940 (2 × ), and 1064 nm. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The use of adjunctive PBM can be safely prescribed after surgical placement of titanium implants. Six groups reported statistical significance for improving implant stability (four laser diode, two LED) in wavelengths ranging from 618 to 1064 nm. The amount of time spent delivering PBM was not a variable that differentiated whether a study reported significant results.
Algoriphagus chungangensis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment (2012)

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated CAU 1002(T), was isolated from a tidal flat sediment and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1002(T) grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 1002(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Algoriphagus and was most closely related to Algoriphagus lutimaris KCTC 22630(T) and Algoriphagus halophilus KCTC 12051(T) (97.75 and 97.74 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). The strain contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone and iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH (summed feature 3) as the major fatty acids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1002(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acids. The major whole-cell sugars were glucose, arabinose, sucrose, and ribose. The polar lipid profile was composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and twelve unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain CAU 1002(T) was 38.0 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic inference, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain CAU 1002(T) should be classified into the genus Algoriphagus as a member of a novel species, for which the name Algoriphagus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1002(T) ( = KCTC 23759(T) = CCUG 61890(T)). The description of the genus Algoriphagus is emended.
Treatment of Nonhealing Ulcers with an Allograft/Xenograft Substitute: A Case Series (2018)

These results demonstrate the efficacy of a wound dressing made of eiratex to heal chronic and acute ulcers. The data show that the number of dressings used and dressing changes needed to heal the ulcers are lower than what have been reported in the literature for other dressing materials.
Triple diffusion encoding MRI predicts intra‐axonal and extra‐axonal diffusion tensors in white matter (2019)

By using a simple TDE pulse sequence with an axially symmetric b-matrix, the diffusion tensors for the intra-axonal and extra-axonal spaces can be separately estimated in adult WM. This allows one to determine compartment-specific diffusion properties for these 2 water pools.
Potenciais alvos terapêuticos contra o câncer (2014)

esde os primrdios da rdio e da quimioterapia muito se tem investido em estratgias que levem o paciente cura do cncer. Promissores alvos teraputicos tm sido desenvolvidos, como alguns frmacos oriundos de produtos naturais e peptdeos sintticos. Vrias frentes de pesquisas no mundo e no
The Unique Non-Catalytic C-Terminus of P37delta-PI3K Adds Proliferative Properties In Vitro and In Vivo (2015)

The PI3K/Akt pathway is central for numerous cellular functions and is frequently deregulated in human cancers. The catalytic subunits of PI3K, p110, are thought to have a potential oncogenic function, and the regulatory subunit p85 exerts tumor suppressor properties. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a highly suitable system to investigate PI3K signaling, expressing one catalytic, Dp110, and one regulatory subunit, Dp60, and both show strong homology with the human PI3K proteins p110 and p85. We recently showed that p37δ, an alternatively spliced product of human PI3K p110δ, displayed strong proliferation-promoting properties despite lacking the catalytic domain completely. Here we functionally evaluate the different domains of human p37δ in Drosophila. The N-terminal region of Dp110 alone promotes cell proliferation, and we show that the unique C-terminal region of human p37δ further enhances these proliferative properties, both when expressed in Drosophila, and in human HEK-293 cells. Surprisingly, although the N-terminal region of Dp110 and the C-terminal region of p37δ both display proliferative effects, over-expression of full length Dp110 or the N-terminal part of Dp110 decreases survival in Drosophila, whereas the unique C-terminal region of p37δ prevents this effect. Furthermore, we found that the N-terminal region of the catalytic subunit of PI3K p110, including only the Dp60 (p85)-binding domain and a minor part of the Ras binding domain, rescues phenotypes with severely impaired development caused by Dp60 over-expression in Drosophila, possibly by regulating the levels of Dp60, and also by increasing the levels of phosphorylated Akt. Our results indicate a novel kinase-independent function of the PI3K catalytic subunit.
On the reaction of P4S10 with hexamethyldisilazane (1998)

P4S10 reacts with (Me3Si)2NH, to give SP(NHSi-Me3)x(SSiMe3)3−x, where x = 0–3. These species were shown by 31P NMR spectroscopy to subsequently form cyclic and linear condensation products. The molecular structure of a linear trimer (Me3SiNH)P(S)[(μ-NH)P(S)(NHSiMe3)2]2, 12, was authenticated by an X-ray diffraction study. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 9:115–121, 1998
Überstrukturen funktioneller Kolloide: eine Chemie im Nanometerbereich (1997)

Abstract Die Regeln der Verknüpfung von Atomen und Molekülen zu neuen Funktionseinheiten, die Domänen der molekularen und supramolekularen Chemie, können auch dazu verwendet werden, größere Objekte, deren Dimensionen in Nanometer zu messen sind, zu bilden und zu verbinden. Die Verknüpfung kann dabei nicht mehr statistisch erfolgen, es kommt vielmehr das Prinzip der Selbstorganisation zum Zuge, bei dem lyotrope Strukturbildung oder Wechselwirkungen mit Amphiphilen eine ordnende Rolle spielen. Aufgrund energetischer Gesetzmäßigkeiten sind die so entstehenden Objekte meist wohldefinierte, geschlossene Aggregatstrukturen oder hochsymmetrische Volumenphasen. Im Unterschied zur „molekularen Chemie”︁ geht die Verknüpfung größerer Objekte über die klassischen Grenzen chemischer Fachgebiete hinweg: Durch Verbindung anorganischer Kolloide mit Polymeren sind Hybridmaterialien zugänglich, die die Eigenschaften beider Partner vereinen. Hiermit lassen sich z. B. die katalytischen, optischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften anorganischer Kolloide mit den mechanischen Eigenschaften der Polymere, wie Verfilmbarkeit, Elastizität und Schmelzverarbeitbarkeit, kombinieren.
Effects of depression and anxiety on antiretroviral therapy adherence among newly diagnosed HIV-infected Chinese MSM (2016)

Depression and anxiety are risk factors for imperfect ART adherence among Chinese MSM with newly diagnosed HIV infections. Intensive intervention on depression and/or anxiety beyond regular post-HIV-testing counseling may increase adherence to ART, and improve HIV treatment outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of New Nitrogen‐Bridged Heterocycles. Part 71. A New Synthetic Approach to Some Functionalized Cycl[3.2.2]azine Derivatives. (2011)

Abstract Functionalized cyclazine derivatives (VI) are obtained by dehydrogenation of dihydrothiazinoindolizine derivatives (III) and (IV) in low to moderate yields.
Univalent and Bivalent Ligands of Butorphan: Characteristics of the Linking Chain Determine the Affinity and Potency of Such Opioid Ligands (2009)

Bivalent morphinan compounds containing ester linkers were synthesized and their binding affinities at the mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors determined. Addition of methyl groups adjacent to the hydrolytically labile ester linkage increased stability while only partially affecting binding affinity. The resulting bivalent ligands with optimized spacer length and structure show potent binding profiles with the most potent compound (4b), having K(i) values of 0.47 nM for both the mu and kappa opioid receptors, and 4a, having K(i) values of 0.95 and 0.62 nM for the mu and kappa receptors, respectively. Both 4a and 4b were partial agonists at the kappa and micro receptors in the [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding assay.
Propagation threshold and crack closure of small fatigue cracks. (1990)

The propagation behavior of fatigue crack from pre-cracks in smooth or notched specimens of a low-carbon steel was studied. The development of crack closure with crack growth was measured through the compliance method. An interferometric displacement gage was used to measure the opening displacement of surface cracks. All cracks started to grow from the pre-cracks at the maximum stress intonsity factor equal to the threshold value of the effective stress intensity range ΔKeffth∞ for long cracks. As a crack grew, the crack closure developed and the effective stress intensity range ΔKeff decreased. The crack stopped growing when ΔKeff dropped below ΔKeffth∞. The relation between the crack propagation rate and the effective stress intensity range was unique, irrespective of the crack length or the atress level, and agreed well with that for leng cracks. Non-propagating cracks made under the fatigue limit in smooth specimen were mostly Stage I cracks, and the fatigue limit of smooth specimen was determined by the propagation threshold of these Stage I cracks.