gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractionation of fatty acid methyl esters via urea inclusion and its application to improve the low-temperature performance of biodiesel (2022)

Biodiesel is viewed as the alternative to petroleum diesel, but its poor low-temperature performance constrains its utilization. Cloud point (CP), the onset temperature of thermal crystallization, appropriately shows the low-temperature performance. The effective way to reduce CP is to remove saturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Compared to current methods, this work describes an extraordinary approach to fractionating FAMEs by forming solid urea inclusion compounds (UICs). Urea inclusion fractionation reduces the CPs by removing high melting-point linear saturated FAME components. Urea inclusion fractionation in this study was performed under various processing conditions: mass ratios of urea to FAMEs and solvents to FAMEs, various solvents, FAMEs from various feedstocks, and processing temperatures. Supersaturation of urea in the solution is the driving force, and it significantly affects yield, composition, CP, separation efficiency, and selectivity. Through a single urea inclusion fractionation process, FAMEs, except palm oil FAMEs, resulted in CP reduction ranging from 20 to 42 oC with a yield of 77–80% depending on the compositions. CP of palm oil FAMEs could reach as low as -17 oC with a yield of 46% after twice urea inclusion fractionation. According to the model prediction, the cetane number after urea inclusion fractionation decreased about 0.7–2 but was still higher than the minimum biodiesel requirement. Oxidation stability after urea inclusion decreased according to the proposed model, but this can be mitigated by adding antioxidants. Emission evaluation after urea inclusion fractionation indicated decreased hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. However, it resulted in the increasing emission of nitrogen oxides.
TechWare: Financial Data and Analytic Resources [Best of the Web] (2011)

In this issue, “Best of the Web” focuses on data resources and analytic tools for quantitative analysis of financial markets. An abundance of financial data is reshaping trading, investment research, and risk management. The broad availability of this information creates opportunities to introduce analysis techniques that are new to the financial industry. The financial industry is currently dominated by a handful of workhorse models, such as the capital asset pricing model and the Black-Scholes options pricing model.
Data from Therapy-Related Transcriptional Subtypes in Matched Primary and Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The genetic relatedness between primary and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) reflects the extent of heterogeneity and therapy-driven selection of tumor subpopulations. Yet, current treatment of recurrent HNSCC ignores the molecular characteristics of therapy-resistant tumor populations.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;From 150 tumors, 74 primary HNSCCs were RNA sequenced and 38 matched primary/recurrent tumor pairs were both whole-exome and RNA sequenced. Transcriptome analysis determined the predominant classical (CL), basal (BA), and inflamed-mesenchymal (IMS) transcriptional subtypes according to an established classification. Genomic alterations and clonal compositions of tumors were evaluated from whole-exome data.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Although CL and IMS subtypes were more common in primary HNSCC with low recurrence rates, the BA subtype was more prevalent and stable in recurrent tumors. The BA subtype was associated with a transcriptional signature of partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (p-EMT) and early recurrence. In 44% of matched cases, the dominant subtype changed from primary to recurrent tumors, preferably from IMS to BA or CL. Expression analysis of prognostic gene sets identified upregulation of hypoxia, p-emt, and radiotherapy resistance signatures and downregulation of tumor inflammation in recurrences compared with index tumors. A relevant subset of primary/recurrent tumor pairs presented no evidence for a common clonal origin.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our study showed a high degree of genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity between primary/recurrent tumors, suggesting therapy-related selection of a transcriptional subtype with characteristics unfavorable for therapy. We conclude that therapy decisions should be based on genetic and transcriptional characteristics of recurrences rather than primary tumors to enable optimally tailored treatment strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Geophysical Surveys in the Pima Mining District, Arizona Volume II (1989)

The Geophysics Field Camp Reports are made available by the Laboratory for Advanced Subsurface Imaging (LASI) and the University of Arizona Libraries. Visit the LASI website for more information http://www.lasi.arizona.edu.
Low-Power Control Strategies for Thin-Film Piezoelectric Micro-Robotic Actuators (2009)

Three low-power control strategies for piezoelectric actuators based on on-off or related switching control approaches are described. These strategies are targeted for leg actuation in autonomous micro-robots, where available power is severely constrained, below the power level that more conventional analog or pulse-width-modulation drive circuitry, switching rates, and/or sampling frequency would require. The first strategy optimizes the sequence of ‘on’ and ‘off’ transitions over a finite number of steps to minimize actuator energy while ensuring that a system moves to a desired set of final states. Transitions are selected via convex optimization by binary programming. The second strategy optimizes a set of commands to a drive circuit including charge recovery components to improve both power consumption and positioning accuracy, with optimal transitions chosen using mixed integer quadratic programming. The third strategy is proposed to account for modeling error using step to step adaptation of input sequences with limited sensor measurements.
Nonstationary iterative image restoration (2005)

This paper introduces different types of nonstationary constrained iterative image restoration algorithms. The adaptivity of the algorithm is introduced by the constraint operator which incorporates properties of the response of the human visual system. The properties of the visual system are represented by noise masking and visibility functions. A new way of computing the masking function is also introduced. The proposed algorithms are general and can be used for any type of linear constraint and distortion operators. The algorithms can also be used to restore signals different than images, since the constraint operator can be interpreted as adapting to the local signal activity.
Offset elimination in &amp;#x03A3;&amp;#x0394; analog to digital converters by &amp;#x0192;&lt;inf&gt;s&lt;/inf&gt;/2 modulation (2011)

This paper derives f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> /2 modulation from signal and system theory of complex signals. It is presented, how the In phase and the Quadrature phase are reduced to a single phase, while all properties of complex signaling are maintained. Further, it is derived, that the remaining phase is predestinated for ΣΔ modulation. Finally, simulation results prove the theoretically derived offset-elimination property.
The Anaerobic (Class III) Ribonucleotide Reductase fromLactococcus lactis (2000)

Lactococcus lactis contains an operon with the genes (nrdD and nrdG) for a class III ribonucleotide reductase. Strict anaerobic growth depends on the activity of these genes. Both were sequenced, cloned, and overproduced in Escherichia coli. The corresponding proteins, NrdD and NrdG, were purified close to homogeneity. The amino acid sequences of NrdD (747 residues, 84.1 kDa) and NrdG (199 residues, 23.3 kDa) are 53 and 42% identical with the respective E. coli proteins. Together, they catalyze the reduction of ribonucleoside triphosphates to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine, reduced flavodoxin or reduced deazaflavin, potassium ions, dithiothreitol, and formate. EPR experiments demonstrated a [4Fe-4S](+) cluster in reduced NrdG and a glycyl radical in activated NrdD, similar to the E. coli NrdD and NrdG proteins. Different from E. coli, the two polypeptides of NrdD and the proteins in the NrdD-NrdG complex were only loosely associated. Also the FeS cluster was easily lost from NrdG. The substrate specificity and overall activity of the L. lactis enzyme was regulated according to the general rules for ribonucleotide reductases. Allosteric effectors bound to two separate sites on NrdD, one binding dATP, dGTP, and dTTP and the other binding dATP and ATP. The two sites showed an unusually high degree of cooperativity with complex interactions between effectors and a fine-tuning of their physiological effects. The results with the L. lactis class III reductase further support the concept of a common origin for all present day ribonucleotide reductases.
Kinship and Diversification of Bacterial Penicillin-Binding Proteins and β-Lactamases (1998)

The catalytic function of β-lactamases is the primary cause of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins and cephalosporins). β-Lactamases show diversity in both structure and function ([4][1]). Four molecular classes (classes A, B, C, and D) of β-lactamases are recognized
Avaliação clínica de crianças com risco de autismo = Clinical assessment of children at risk for autism (2006)

O autismo é um distúrbio do desenvolvimento (early-onset) marcado por atrasos e desvios nas áreas social, de comunicação e nas habilidades para o jogo (play skills), assim como padrões repetitivos e limitados de interesse e comportamento. Consideráveis evidências empíricas acumuladas nos últimos 5 a 10 anos sugerem que, em geral, quanto mais precoce for a intervenção adequada em crianças autistas, é mais provável maximizar o potencial da criança obtendo melhores resultados. Estes resultados destacam a necessidade de realizar avaliações amplas das deficiências no desenvolvimento nos primeiros anos de vida. Este artigo fornece uma visão geral sobre os princípios e elementos para avaliar crianças pequenas com suspeita de autismo partindo de uma abordagem desenvolvimental ampla na qual os padrões normais de desenvolvimento - paticularmente nos domínios social e de comunicação - sejam a estrutura para compreender os atrasos e desvios na socilaização evidenciados em crianças pequenas com autismo. Também se oferece uma breve síntese das futuras diretrizes para a avaliação dos padrões de socialização em bebês e crianças pequenas que pode aproveitar os avanços tecnológicos atuais que estão surgindo nos estudos de mecanismos básicos de orientação social
Direction-of-arrival estimation from incomplete data (2002)

We consider the problem of estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of one or more signals using an array of sensors, where some of the sensors fail to work before the measurement is completed. Methods for estimating the array output covariance matrix are discussed and used for DOA estimation together with the MUSIC algorithm and with a covariance matching technique. In contrast to MUSIC, the covariance matching technique can utilize information on the estimation accuracy of the array covariance matrix, and it is shown that this can yield a significant performance gain.
Human epidermal keratinocytes death and expression of protein markers of apoptosis after ionizing radiation exposure (2013)

Purpose: Knowledge of the pathophysiology of the irradiated skin is important to understand the tolerance and cosmetic response of the human skin to radiation. There are limited studies on the effect of radiotherapy dosage and fraction size in inducing apoptotic cell death in human skin. The expression of apoptotic biomarkers within a controlled population in different fractionation schemes has also never been studied. This study aims to investigate radiation induced apoptotic cell death in human skin cells after fractionated radiation exposure and the expression of unique biomarkers that reflect cell death or biology using multiplexed immunoassays. Methods : Breast skin biopsies were obtained from a single individual and divided into small pieces. Each piece was irradiated under different radiotherapy treatment fractionation schedules to a total dose of 50Gy. The irradiated skin tissues were analysed using Tunnel, immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays for expression of apoptotic keratinocytes and biomarkers (p53, p21, and PCNA). Haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) immunostaining was performed to study the morphological changes in the skin cells. Results: Radiation is mostly absorbed by the epidermal layers and observed to damage the epidermal keratinocytes leading to the activation of apoptotic proteins. Apoptotic proteins (p53, p21 and PCNA) were confirmed to be up-regulated in radiation exposed skin cells as compared to normal skin cells with no radiation. There is strong correlation of apoptotic protein expressions with increased radiation dosage and dose fractionation. Statistical analysis with ANOVA revealed a significant increase of PCNA and p21 expression with increased radiation dosage and dose fractionation (p &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemically, 14 % (range 10.71% to 17.29%) of the keratinocytes were positive for PCNA and 22.5% (range 18.28% to 27.2%) for p21 after 2Gy of irradiation. The most widespread, intense and uniform staining for PCNA and p21 was observed in skin that had received 50Gy of irradiation. The maximum expression of p53 (range 37.09% to 50.91%) was reached at 10Gy. Conclusion : Findings from this study will assist clinicians in predicting radiation induced skin toxicity with the current changes in radiation fractionation protocols. ----------------------------------- Cite this article as: Wong S, Chor HH, Moothy S, Ong CT, Phan TT, Lu JJ. Human epidermal keratinocytes death and expression of protein markers of apoptosis after ionizing radiation exposure. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2013; 1 (2):01027. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0102.7
Dafachronic acid and temperature regulate canonical dauer pathways during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infectious larvae activation (2020)

Our data suggest that canonical dauer pathways indeed regulate iL3 activation in the hookworm N. brasiliensis and that DAF-12 may be a therapeutic target in hookworm infections.
Obtención de biodiesel mediante catálisis heterogénea (2008)

La Tesis Doctoral consiste en un estudio de diferentes catalizadores solidos que pueden ser empleados en la produccion de biodiesel, un combustible renovable procedente de la biomasa, que puede sustituir al diesel de origen fosil empleado actualmente en los motores de combustion interna. El objetivo que se plantea en este estudio es encontrar catalizadores solidos activos y reutilizables en el proceso de obtencion de biodiesel en las condiciones de operacion industriales de manera que se pueda sustituir el proceso homogeneo empleado actualmente por un proceso heterogeneo.%&/ En primer lugar se ha estudiado una serie de catalizadores solidos acidos soportados, oxidos de circonio y titanio soportados sobre silice con y sin sulfatacion. Estos catalizadores fueron activos en la reaccion de esterificacion empleando condiciones suaves, pero no en la reaccion de transesterificacion, en la que es necesario aumentar la presion y la temperatura para que sean activos. En segundo lugar se han estudiado catalizadores solidos basicos, oxido de potasio soportado sobre alumina y oxido de calcio. Si bien el primero resulto no ser reutilizable, el CaO mostro ser reutilizable al menos durante 8 ensayos y se trato de mejorar su comportamiento obteniendolo a partir de diferentes precursores e incorporando oxidos metalicos con el objetivo de aumentar la fortaleza de los centros basicos superficiales. %&/ Por ultimo se ha realizado un estudio concreto sobre el efecto de la polaridad de los esteres en la actividad catalitica de transesterificacion con catalizadores acidos. Se observo como la velocidad de reaccion disminuye a medida que aumenta el tamano del ester debido al aumento de las restricciones estericas que impiden al metanol atacar el ester. En el caso de la catalisis heterogenea, el paso limitante de la reaccion es la formacion de un intermedio de reaccion adsorbido. El hecho de modificar los esteres con sustituyentes, posibilitando que se puedan establecer interacciones por puentes de hidrogeno que estabilicen dicho intermedio de reaccion, permite que la actividad aumente de forma considerable.
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in School Going Children (2020)

Background: Pulmonary function tests (PFT’s) using complete spirometry help us quantify the state of the respiratory system and aid in the management of respiratory tract illnesses in pediatric practice. However, instrumentation is relatively expensive and only available in hospitals. In contrast, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) can be measured using relatively inexpensive peak flow meters and are of value in identifying and assessing the degree of airflow limitation of individuals. To detect any abnormality it is necessary to know the normal values of PEFR in particular region as PEFR depends on geographical, climatic, anthropometric, nutritional, and socioeconomic conditions. The purpose of this study is to get values of PEFR in school going children in Patiala region and its correlation if any with anthropometric parameter such as height.Subjects and Methods:A total 600 children of age group 10- 14 years from schools of Patiala district were taken and age, height,weight of children were noted and PEFR was measured.Results:The correlation of height and weight with PEFR value among rural and urban children was found to be highly significant (p value&lt;0.001). However there was no correlation found between the PEFR values and the age.Conclusion: The correlation of height and weight with PEFR values among urban and rural children was found to be highly significant.
Relating maximum airway dilation and subsequent reconstriction to reactivity in human lungs (2004)

Measures of airway resistance (Raw) during deep inspiration (DI) suggest that asthmatic subjects possess stiffer, more reactive airway smooth muscle. There is evidence that one can enhance airway reactivity in healthy lungs by prohibiting DI for an extended period. The present study had two goals. First, we determined whether the maximum dilation capacity of asthmatic subjects depended on the rate of the DI. Second, we investigated whether the enhanced reactivity in healthy humans might derive from additional mechanisms not present in asthmatic subjects. For the first goal, we tracked Raw in seven healthy and seven asthmatic subjects during a noncoached DI, a DI with a 5- to 10-s breath hold at total lung capacity, and a rapid DI. We found that the minimum resistance achieved at total lung capacity was independent of the manner in which the DI was performed. For the second goal, we tracked the rate of return of Raw after a DI as well as dynamic lung elastance before and after the DI, at baseline and after bronchial challenge. A drop in lung elastance post-DI would indicate reopening of lung regions and/or reduced heterogeneities. The data show that constricted healthy but not asthmatic subjects produce longer lasting residual dilation. Hence, a portion of the enhanced reactivity in a healthy subject's response to prohibition of DIs is likely due to airway closure and/or atelectasis that can be ablated with a DI. We conclude that preventing DIs does not ensure that healthy subjects will transition entirely to an asthmatic-like hyperreactive lung state.
Stability Improvement of Dynamic EV Wireless Charging System with Receiver-Side Control Considering Coupling Disturbance (2021)

Receiver-side control has been a reliable practice for regulating the transferred energy to the batteries in the electric vehicle (EV) wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. Nonetheless, the unpredictable fluctuation of the mutual inductance in dynamic wireless charging brings extreme instability to the charging process. This overshoot that appears in instant vibrations may largely increase the voltage/current stress of the system, and even cause catastrophic failure in the battery load. In addition, the speed of the vehicles may lead to untraceable steady-state operation. However, existing solutions to the above two issues suffer from either long communication time delay or significantly compromised output regulation. In this paper, the slow dynamics and the overshoot issues of the WPT system are elaborated in theory, and the small-signal model mainly considering mutual inductance disturbance is established. A simple feedforward control is proposed for overshoot damping and fast system dynamics. Experimental results validate that the overshoot can be reduced by 13% and the settling time is improved by 50% in vehicle braking or acceleration. In constant speed driving, the battery charging ripple is decreased by 12% and ensures better system stability.
Development of Melamine Electrochemical Sensor Using Molecularly Imprinted Conducting Polyanilne-Oxalic Acid Blend as a Molecular Recognition Element (2020)

In the present work, oxalic acid doped molecularly imprinted conducting polyaniline film for melamine detection was prepared by in-situ-electrochemical polymerization on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using melamine as template. The optimal monomer/template molar ratio was attained to be 0.2:0.1:0.01 (aniline: oxalic acid: melamine) and molecular recognition properties towards melamine were evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions the imprinted polymer film was used to detect different concentrations of melamine in standard solutions and real milk samples. Compared with the nonimprinted polymer (NIP), the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film showed higher affinity and sensitivity towards melamine with a linear range, quantification limit and detection limit of 0.5-200 nM, 1.375 nM and 0.413 nM respectively. Furthermore, the polymer blend film showed good selectivity toward melamine, stability, reproducibility and practical applications for the determination of melamine in infant formula milk with the recovery of 92.32-102.49%. The doping of the polymer with oxalic acid enhanced the conductivity and sensitivity of the sensor.
Autocalibration via Rank-Constrained Estimation of the Absolute Quadric (2007)

We present an autocalibration algorithm for upgrading a projective reconstruction to a metric reconstruction by estimating the absolute dual quadric. The algorithm enforces the rank degeneracy and the positive semidefiniteness of the dual quadric as part of the estimation procedure, rather than as a post-processing step. Furthermore, the method allows the user, if he or she so desires, to enforce conditions on the plane at infinity so that the reconstruction satisfies the chirality constraints. The algorithm works by constructing low degree polynomial optimization problems, which are solved to their global optimum using a series of convex linear matrix inequality relaxations. The algorithm is fast, stable, robust and has time complexity independent of the number of views. We show extensive results on synthetic as well as real datasets to validate our algorithm.
High conversion-gain pixels in a standard CMOS image sensor process (2017)

This paper presents a new technique to achieve high pixel conversion gain (CG) in a standard 0.18 um CMOS image sensor process. CG of 121 uV/e- and read noise of 3.2 erms are measured in the prototype sensor.