gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Study of the Impact of Surface Roughness (2005)

We outlined a simple model to account for the sur- face roughness (SR)-induced enhanced threshold voltage ( ) shifts that were recently observed in ultrathin-body MOSFETs fabricated on Si surface. The phenomena of enhanced shifts can be modeled by accounting for the fluctuation of quantization energy in the ultrathin body (UTB) MOSFETs due to SR up to a second-order approximation. Our model is then used to examine the enhanced shift phenomena in other novel surface orientations for Si and Ge and its impact on gate work- function design. We also performed a calculation of the SR-limited hole mobility ( ) of p-MOSFETs with an ultrathin Si and Ge active layer thickness, nm. Calculation of the electronic band structures is done within the effective mass framework via the Luttinger Kohn Hamiltonian, and the mobility is calculated using an isotropic approximation for the relaxation time calculation, while retaining the full anisotropy of the valence subband structure. For both Si and Ge, the dependence of on the surface orientation, channel orientation, and are explored. It was found that a surface yields the highest . The increasing quantization mass for surface renders its less susceptible with the decrease of . In contrast, surface exhibits smallest due to its smallest . The SR parameters i.e., autocorrelation length ( ) and root-mean-square ( ) used in this paper is obtained from the available experimental result of Si UTB MOSFETs (1), by adjusting these SR parameters to obtain a theoretical fit with experimental data on SR-limited mobility and shifts. This set of SR parameters is then employed for all orientations of both Si and Ge devices.
Catalytic Combustor for Fuel-Flexible Turbine (2006)

Under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory, Siemens Westinghouse is conducting a three-year program to develop an ultra low NOx, fuel flexible catalytic combustor for gas turbine application in IGCC. The program is defined in three phases: Phase 1-Implementation Plan, Phase 2-Validation Testing and Phase 3-Field Testing. The Phase 1 program has been completed. Phase II was initiated in October 2004. In IGCC power plants, the gas turbine must be capable of operating on syngas as a primary fuel and an available back-up fuel such as natural gas. In this program the Rich Catalytic Lean (RCL{trademark}) technology is being developed as an ultra low NOx combustor. In this concept, ultra low NOx is achieved by stabilizing a lean premix combustion process by using a catalytic reactor to react part of the fuel, increasing the fuel/air mixture temperature. In Phase 1, the feasibility of the catalytic concept for syngas application has been evaluated and the key technology issues identified. In Phase II the catalytic concept will be demonstrated through subscale testing. Phase III will consist of full-scale combustor basket testing on natural gas and syngas.
Switching PD-based sliding mode control for hovering of a tilting-thruster underwater robot (2018)

This paper presents a switching PD-based sliding mode control (PD-SMC) method for the 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) hovering motion of the underwater robot with tilting thrusters. Four thrusters of robot can be tilted simultaneously in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the 6-DOF motion is achieved by switching between two thruster configurations. Therefore, the tilting speed of thruster becomes the most essential parameter to determine the stability of hovering motion. Even though the previous PD control ensures stable hovering motion within a certain ranges of tilting speed, a PD-SMC is suggested in this paper by combining PD control with sliding mode control in order to achieve acceptable hovering performance even at the much lower tilting speeds. Also, the sign function in the sliding mode control is replaced by a sigmoid function to reduce undesired chattering. Simulations show that while PD control is effective only for tilting duration of 600 ms, the PD-based sliding mode control can guarantee the stable hovering motion of underwater robot even for the tilting duration of up to 1500 ms. Extensive experimental results confirm the hovering performance of the proposed PD-SMC method is much superior to that of PD method for much larger tilting durations.
A preliminary design for digital forensics analysis of terabyte size data sets (2007)

Digital forensics is computationally intensive and current analysis systems do not handle the multiple terabyte size data sets that are now becoming a major issue for analysis. For these data sets, RAID file system analysis, parallel computing, collaboration, and visualization will be essential. Here we outline the preliminary design for a parallel digital forensics framework that is being developed to handle multiple terabyte size data set analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 3‐Methyleneindol‐2(3H)‐ones Related to Mitomycins via 5‐exo‐dig Aryl Radical Cyclization. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Complete mitochondrial genome of nipa palm hispid beetle <i>Octodonta nipae</i> Maulik (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) (2021)

Octodonta nipae (Maulik 1921) is a dangerous forestry quarantine pest, which mainly harms palms. In the present study, we determined complete mitogenome of O. nipae. This mitogenome was 15,397 bp in length (GenBank Accession no. MW802252), which contained 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and one non-coding AT-rich region with the length of 883 bp. All of the 22 tRNA genes displayed a typical clover-leaf structure, with the exception of tRNAPhe, tRNALeu, tRNAAsn, tRNAPro and tRNAThr. Twelve PCGs were initiated by ATN codons, and NAD1 started with TTG. Ten PCGs used the typical stop codon ‘TAA’ and ‘TGA’, while three PCGs (COX2, COX3, NAD4) used the incomplete stop codons ‘TA’ or ‘T’. Phylogenetic tree demonstrated that O. nipae belongs to the family Chrysomelidae and closer to the superfamily Cassidinae.
The uterine and vascular actions of estetrol delineate a distinctive profile of estrogen receptor α modulation, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation (2014)

Estetrol (E4) is a natural estrogen with a long half-life produced only by the human fetal liver during pregnancy. The crystal structures of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligand-binding domain bound to 17β-estradiol (E2) and E4 are very similar, as well as their capacity to activate the two activation functions AF-1 and AF-2 and to recruit the coactivator SRC3. In vivo administration of high doses of E4 stimulated uterine gene expression, epithelial proliferation, and prevented atheroma, three recognized nuclear ERα actions. However, E4 failed to promote endothelial NO synthase activation and acceleration of endothelial healing, two processes clearly dependent on membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS). Furthermore, E4 antagonized E2 MISS-dependent effects in endothelium but also in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. This profile of ERα activation by E4, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation, characterizes E4 as a selective ER modulator which could have medical applications that should now be considered further.
Experimental charge density of<scp>DL</scp>-serine and<scp>L</scp>-serine (1996)

Electron density distiibution using single crystal X-ray diffraction data was studied for the the similar IT-complexes (ll5-C5H5)M(ll7-C7H7) where M=Ti. V and Cr. This series represents the 16-. 17-and 18-electron complexes. respectively. Crystal structures studied are isomorphous and compounds are isostructural (space group Pmna. Z=4. molecules in crystals have m-symmetry), that allows to compare carefully their molecular geometry and electron density distribution features caused mainly by the different nature of the transition metal. All experimental data were obtained at low temperatures (l00-150K) with the "Siemens P3/ PC" diffractometer using J\!Io-radiation. for each crystal ca. 15000 reflections were collected. and R values were 0.025-0.030. Simi-Jar crystal structure has the 17-electron complex (T]5C 5 H 5 )Ti(T]S-CsHs) that was also studied (data collection at 203K because of the phase transition. ca 9000 reflections. R=0.025). All complexes have the sandwich-like structure with the planar cyclic ligands that are symmetrically bonded with the metal atoms. A typical asymmetry of the electron density distribution picture near the metals was observed in the deformation electron density maps for all compounds studied that was attiibuted to the different occupancies of the 3d-metal orbitals. Numerical values of these occupancies were estimated using a multipole refinement procedure. In the series of the 16-.17 -.18-electron complexes a gradual occupancy of the different metal orbitals was observed that was in agreement with the perfom1ed ab initio calculations and measured vapor-phase electronic absorption spectra of the compounds studied. It was found forTi-complexes with the C 7 Hr and CsHsligancls that clue to the diffrerent size of the ligand ring the energy sequence of the molecular e 1 , a 1 and e2 orbitals has been changed, and this effect is clearly seen in the defonnation electron density maps.
Numerical and Experimental Tests of a Supersonic Inlet with Pylon Set and Fuel Injection through Pylons (2006)

A pylon set is proposed for installation in a rectangular or axisymmetric supersonic inlet near the cowl front edge. This idea of a scramjet with pylon set was first introduced in the article by M. Gilinsky and I.M. Blankson (Ref. 1). There are several advantages of this novel approach. First, the proposed pylon set does not increase the drag of an inlet, but, on the contrary, reduces it (unlike the traditional single pylon application before the combustion chamber where additional drag is introduced by that pylon). Second, the efficiency of fuel-oxidizer mixing can be greatly improved by placing fuel injectors on the lateral and back sides of pylons this creates several mixing layers which allows for better air/fuel mixing at a smaller distance. The first stage of this research effort was devoted to the investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of pylons installed in the rectangular supersonic inlet without fuel injection. NASA VULCAN CFD code was employed for numerical simulations of the telescope inlet with 4 pylons and experimental tests of the model of this inlet were conducted at the NASA LaRC Mach 4 Blowdown Facility in September October of 2004. The set of four pylons was installed and connected to the two-component force balance. Static pressure taps were placed on the centerbody and on the cowl along the inlet centerline. Both theoretical and experimental results turned out to be in a very good agreement (Ref. 2). The system of injectors was proposed to be placed near the back edge of pylons (Ref. 3). Specifically, in this paper, we investigate a telescope inlet with three pylons and Helium injection laterally from the rear of the pylons at the free stream Mach number, M∞ = 6. We present partial results of the second stage of this project which involves numerical simulations and preparation to the experimental tests of the physical model of a telescope inlet with pylons and fuel injection through the pylons. The goal of the ongoing project is to verify and validate obtained CFD results and to confirm the mixing efficiency of a scramjet with such inlet.
An easy-to-use, operator-independent, clinical model to predict the left vs. right ventricular outflow tract origin of ventricular arrhythmias (2015)

Patients currently referred for OTVA ablation are older, more frequently men, and with a higher probability for LVOT origin than previously described. A LVOT origin is associated with the presence of hypertension, male gender, and older age, and can be anticipated by using a simple clinical score.
Platelet shape change and protein phosphorylation induced by ADP and thrombin are not sensitive to short periods of microgravity (1993)

Recent experiments have shown that the stimulation of animal cells in vitro by direct protein kinase C (PKC) activators is significantly reduced under microgravity (micro g). Platelets undergo protein phosphorylation and morphological changes a few seconds after stimulation by agonists such as phorbol esters which activate PKC. Therefore, taking advantage of parabolic plane flight to obtain short periods of microgravity, we studied phosphorylation of myosin light chain (20K), specific PKC-dependent phosphorylation of a 40,000 M(r) protein, pleckstrin (40K) and platelet shape change. SDS-PAGE analysis and electron microscopy were performed on platelets subjected to 20 seconds microgravity as compared to normal gravity (1 g) conditions. These investigations showed that neither Ca(2+)-calmodulin-mediated activation nor the PKC-dependent pathways are inhibited during short periods of microgravity.
In vitro radiosensitivity of human leukemia cell lines. (1981)

The in vitro radiobiologic survival values (n, D0) of four tumor lines derived from human hematopoietic tumors were studied. These cell lines were HL50 (n = 1.3, D0 = 117 rad[1.17 Gy]), promyelocytic leukemia; K562 (n = 1.4, D0 = 165 rad[1.65 Gy]), erythroleukemia; 45 (n = 1.1, D0 = 147 rad[1.47 Gy]), acute lymphocyte leukemia; and 176 (n = 4.0, D0 = 76 rad[0.76 Gy]), acute monomyelogenous leukemia. More cell lines must be examined before the exact relationship between in vitro radiosensitivity and clinical radiocurability is firmly established.
Book Reviews (1988)

Ecology, recreation and tourism J. M. Edington and M. A. Edington. 200 pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. £11.95. ISBN 0 521 31409 7 Reviewed by S. Frost The evolution of life Ed. L. Gamlin and G. Vines. 248 pp. London: Collins, 1987. £14.95. ISBN 0 00 219837 1 Reviewed by F. J. G. Ebling The invertebrates: a new synthesis R. S. K. Barnes, P. Calow, and P. J. W. Olive. 582 pp. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1988. £32.50/£15.95. ISBNs 0 632 01284 6/01638 8 Reviewed by P. A. Walker Hedgerows and verges W. H. Dowdeswell. 190 pp. London: Allen and Unwin, 1987. £20.00/£8.95. S34.95/U7.95. ISBN 0 04 574041 0 Reviewed by I. C. Trueman Mathematical techniques for biology and medicine W. Simon. 295 pp. London: Constable, 1988. £6.35. ISBN 0 486 65247 5 Reviewed by R. M. Cormack Fermentation kinetics and modelling Ed. J. D. Bu'Lock. 113 pp. Milton Keynes: Open University Educational Enterprises Ltd, 1987. £30.00/£14.95. ISBNs 0335 15156 6/15155 8 Reviewed by David Walker Balancing acts in personal, social and health education Judith Ryder and Lesley Campbell. 298 pp. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988. £10.95. ISBN 0 415 00538 8 Reviewed by Janis Denselow How animals and plants grow Peter Seymour. 10 pp. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, in association with the British Museum (Natural History), 1988. £3.95 ISBN 0 565 01052 2 Reviewed by Janet E. Philpott Animals at work Peter Seymour. 10 pp. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, in association with the British Museum (Natural History), 1988. £3.95 ISBN 0 565 01051 4 Reviewed by Janet E. Philpott Science problems D. Ainley, C. Brown, P. Butler, D. Carrington, and G. Ellis. 48 pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. £1.75. ISBN 0 521 34825 0 Reviewed by Max Kolombos Dial-a-dinosaur 20 pp. Chicago: Kids Books, 1987. £1.95. ISBN 0 942025 14 8 (Available from the Natural History Museum, London) Reviewed by Clare Woodford GCSE Biology, Quickcbeck study guide M. Roberts. 166 pp. Walton-on-Thames: Thomas Nelson, 1988. £4.50. ISBN 0 17 448153 5 Reviewed by Ann Dolan
Chondrocyte maturation on biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold: A preliminary study (2004)

Abstract. In recent years artificial bone replacement materials have been developed that can be coated with growth factors and loaded with osteoblasts to induce osteogenesis. All these attempts from the bone tissue engineering field disregard the fact that skeletal development can proceed by two pathways: intramembranous or endochondral bone formation. Here we propose to mimic nature by creating an in vitro cartilage template that could after implantation in vivo, remodel into bone, as is normally carried out during the process of endochondral bone formation. The specific aims of this study are: (1) to establish a method of growing chondrocytes in a well characterized biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffold, and (2) to induce chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix deposition in cells growing in the BCP scaffold. Materials and Methods: Chondrocytes isolated from 18-day chick embryo tibial growth plates were grown on particles of macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP®, Biomatlante, France). Chondrocytes were grown in culture continuously for 3 weeks, and fed every day with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (GIBCO) containing 10 % Nu serum (Fisher), 2mM L-glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin, and 50 mg/ml ascorbic acid. After one week, cultures were treated daily with 100 nM all trans-retinoic acid (RA), to induce chondrocyte
Diseases of the External Auditory Canal (1995)

Educational objectives : To recognize and treat the described conditions and, for most conditions, to choose from several treatment alternatives.
Epigenetic activation of antiviral sensors and effectors of interferon response pathways during SARS-CoV-2 infection (2022)

Recent studies have shown that methylation changes identified in blood cells of COVID-19 patients have a potential to be used as biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. However, different studies have reported different subsets of epigenetic lesions that stratify patients according to the severity of infection symptoms, and more importantly, the significance of those epigenetic changes in the pathology of the infection is still not clear. We used methylomics and transcriptomics data from the largest so far cohort of COVID-19 patients from four geographically distant populations, to identify casual interactions of blood cells' methylome in pathology of the COVID-19 disease. We identified a subset of methylation changes that is uniformly present in all COVID-19 patients regardless of symptoms. Those changes are not present in patients suffering from upper respiratory tract infections with symptoms similar to COVID-19. Most importantly, the identified epigenetic changes affect the expression of genes involved in interferon response pathways and the expression of those genes differs between patients admitted to intensive care units and only hospitalized. In conclusion, the DNA methylation changes involved in pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which are specific to COVID-19 patients, can not only be utilized as biomarkers in the disease management but also present a potential treatment target.
Batroxobin Binds Fibrin with Higher Affinity and Promotes Clot Expansion to a Greater Extent than Thrombin (2013)

Batroxobin is a thrombin-like serine protease from the venom of Bothrops atrox moojeni that clots fibrinogen. In contrast to thrombin, which releases fibrinopeptide A and B from the NH2-terminal domains of the Aα- and Bβ-chains of fibrinogen, respectively, batroxobin only releases fibrinopeptide A. Because the mechanism responsible for these differences is unknown, we compared the interactions of batroxobin and thrombin with the predominant γA/γA isoform of fibrin(ogen) and the γA/γ' variant with an extended γ-chain. Thrombin binds to the γ'-chain and forms a higher affinity interaction with γA/γ'-fibrin(ogen) than γA/γA-fibrin(ogen). In contrast, batroxobin binds both fibrin(ogen) isoforms with similar high affinity (Kd values of about 0.5 μM) even though it does not interact with the γ'-chain. The batroxobin-binding sites on fibrin(ogen) only partially overlap with those of thrombin because thrombin attenuates, but does not abrogate, the interaction of γA/γA-fibrinogen with batroxobin. Furthermore, although both thrombin and batroxobin bind to the central E-region of fibrinogen with a Kd value of 2-5 μM, the α(17-51) and Bβ(1-42) regions bind thrombin but not batroxobin. Once bound to fibrin, the capacity of batroxobin to promote fibrin accretion is 18-fold greater than that of thrombin, a finding that may explain the microvascular thrombosis that complicates envenomation by B. atrox moojeni. Therefore, batroxobin binds fibrin(ogen) in a manner distinct from thrombin, which may contribute to its higher affinity interaction, selective fibrinopeptide A release, and prothrombotic properties.
α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone promotes muscle glucose uptake via melanocortin 5 receptors (2016)

These data describe a novel endocrine circuit that modulates glucose homeostasis by pituitary α-MSH, which increases muscle glucose uptake and thermogenesis through the activation of a MC5R-PKA-pathway, which is disrupted in obesity.
Protein misfolding and the pathogenesis of ABCA4-associated retinal degenerations (2015)

Mutations in the ABCA4 gene are a common cause of autosomal recessive retinal degeneration. All mouse models to date are based on knockouts of Abca4, even though the disease is often caused by missense mutations such as the complex allele L541P;A1038V (PV). We now show that the PV mutation causes severe human disease whereas the V mutation alone causes mild disease. Mutant ABCA4 proteins expressed heterologously in mammalian cells retained normal cellular localization. However, basal and all-trans-retinal-stimulated ATPase activities were reduced substantially for P and PV but only mildly for V. Electron microscopy revealed marked structural changes and misfolding for the P and PV mutants but few changes for the V mutant, consistent with the disease severity difference in patients. We generated Abca4(PV/PV) knock-in mice homozygous for the complex PV allele to investigate the effects of this misfolding mutation in vivo. Mutant ABCA4 RNA levels approximated WT ABCA4 RNA levels but, surprisingly, only trace amounts of mutant ABCA4 protein were noted in the retina. RNA sequencing of WT, Abca4(-/-) and Abca4(PV/PV) mice revealed mild gene expression alterations in the retina and RPE. Similar to Abca4(-/-) mice, Abca4(PV/PV) mice showed substantial A2E and lipofuscin accumulation in their RPE cells but no retinal degeneration up to 12 months of age. Thus, rapid degradation of this large misfolded mutant protein in mouse retina caused little detectable photoreceptor degeneration. These findings suggest likely differences in the unfolded protein response between murine and human photoreceptors and support development of therapies directed at increasing this capability in patients.
Balloon-borne radiometer profiler: Field observations (1995)

This project involves the development of the capability of making routine soundings of broadband radiative fluxes and radiative flux divergences to heights of 1500m AGL. Described in this document are radiometers carried on a stabilized platform in a harness inserted in the tetherline of a tethered balloon meteriological sounding system. Field test results are given.