gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Latanoprost and Timolol in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (1996)

The results of this study demonstrated that 0.005% latanoprost taken once daily is well tolerated and more effective in reducing IOP than 0.5% timolol taken twice daily. Thus, latanoprost may become an important choice for the medical treatment of glaucoma.
Large-Scale Nyström Kernel Matrix Approximation Using Randomized SVD (2014)

The Nyström method is an efficient technique for the eigenvalue decomposition of large kernel matrices. However, to ensure an accurate approximation, a sufficient number of columns have to be sampled. On very large data sets, the singular value decomposition (SVD) step on the resultant data submatrix can quickly dominate the computations and become prohibitive. In this paper, we propose an accurate and scalable Nyström scheme that first samples a large column subset from the input matrix, but then only performs an approximate SVD on the inner submatrix using the recent randomized low-rank matrix approximation algorithms. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithm is as accurate as the standard Nyström method that directly performs a large SVD on the inner submatrix. On the other hand, its time complexity is only as low as performing a small SVD. Encouraging results are obtained on a number of large-scale data sets for low-rank approximation. Moreover, as the most computational expensive steps can be easily distributed and there is minimal data transfer among the processors, significant speedup can be further obtained with the use of multiprocessor and multi-GPU systems.
Modifying Carbon Nitride through Extreme Phosphorus Substitution (2019)

A glassy carbon phosphonitride material with bulk chemical composition roughly approximating C3N3P was synthesized through a high-pressure, high-temperature process using a pure P(CN)3 molecular precursor. The resulting material (hereafter referred to as “HPHT-C3N3P”) was characterized using a variety of techniques, including X-ray scattering, pair distribution function analysis, 31P, 13C, 15N magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman and IR spectroscopies. The measurements indicate that HPHT-C3N3P lacks long-range structural order with a local structure predominantly composed of a sp2, s-triazine-like network in which phosphorus atoms substitute for bridging nitrogen sites found in related C3N4 materials. The HPHT-C3N3P sample exhibits semiconducting properties, with electrical transport dominated by variable-range hopping. The high phosphorus content of HPHT-C3N3P (approaching 13 at. %) is associated with a major decrease in the optical absorption edge (∼0.4 eV) and a ∼1010-fold increase in electrical conductivity, as compared to previously-reported P-doped graphitic g-C3N4 (0.6-3.8 at. % P). The HPHT-C3N3P sample is considerably harder than layered g-C3N4 and exhibits superior thermal stability up to ∼700 °C in air. These results demonstrate a remarkable range of tunable properties possible for C3N4-related materials through elemental substitution and provide valuable information to guide the design of new materials.
[Fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma of the base of the skull. Apropos of 6 cases]. (1987)

The authors report 6 cases of fibrous dysplasia (F.D.) of the base of the skull and review the literature. They confirm the impossibility of histological differentiation between ossifying fibroma and monostic dysplasia with cranio-facial sites. They stress the value of CAT scan in the assessment of spread and that of dynamic isotope scan in the differential diagnosis with plaque-shaped hyperostotic meningioma, in the diagnosis of polyostotic forms and in postoperative surveillance. They stress the risk of visual sensorial impairment: visual by stenosis of the optic canals and auditory by stenosis of the E.A.M. Operative indications are influenced by this risk, thereby explaining the need for prolonged surveillance.
The Multivariate Generalised von Mises distribution: Inference and applications (2017)

Circular variables arise in a multitude of data-modelling contexts ranging from robotics to the social sciences, but they have been largely overlooked by the machine learning community. This paper partially redresses this imbalance by extending some standard probabilistic modelling tools to the circular domain. First we introduce a new multivariate distribution over circular variables, called the multivariate Generalised von Mises (mGvM) distribution. This distribution can be constructed by restricting and renormalising a general multivariate Gaussian distribution to the unit hyper-torus. Previously proposed multivariate circular distributions are shown to be special cases of this construction. Second, we introduce a new probabilistic model for circular regression, that is inspired by Gaussian Processes, and a method for probabilistic principal component analysis with circular hidden variables. These models can leverage standard modelling tools (e.g. covariance functions and methods for automatic relevance determination). Third, we show that the posterior distribution in these models is a mGvM distribution which enables development of an efficient variational free-energy scheme for performing approximate inference and approximate maximum-likelihood learning.
Effects of Pretreatment with a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor on Free Radical Levels during Carotid Endarterectomy (2004)

Radical levels can be determined in connection with surgery for carotid artery stenosis using an ex vivo spin trap method. With preoperative antioxidant therapy the relationships between enhanced radical levels and clinical data, as seen in control subjects, disappeared. This might indicate a beneficial effect of preoperative pretreatment with antioxidants.
Optimization of CO<sub>2</sub> Biofixation by <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> Using a Tubular Photobioreactor (2018)

Abstract The effects of various CO 2 concentrations in CO 2 bioconversion by cultivation of microalga Chlorella vulgaris were investigated using a vertical tubular photobioreactor. The response surface technique with central composite design was applied to model the CO 2 biofixation rate, the specific growth rate (SGR), and the biomass productivity of C. vulgaris as function of CO 2 concentration and cultivation time. The developed nonlinear model was employed to determine the optimum CO 2 concentration in an air‐CO 2 mixture and the cultivation time for maximum CO 2 biofixation, SGR, and microalgae biomass productivity. In addition, a multiple responses optimization method was also applied to determine the maximum CO 2 uptake rate, the SGR, and the biomass productivity, simultaneously. The predicted optimum values agreed well with the experimental data.
Abstract 3467: A novel interplay between Rap1, Epac and PKA regulates induction of angiogenesis (2011)

Abstract Advanced stage prostate cancer is associated with poor prognosis since therapeutic options are limited when the disease has progressed into a hormone refractory state. One therapeutic strategy is angiogenesis inhibition, which interferes with the blood supply of the tumor instead of targeting tumor cells directly. Here we focus on the role of three factors as regulators of angiogenesis: Rap1, a small GTPase homologous to Ras; Epac, a cAMP-activated guanine nucleotide factor for Rap1; and Protein kinase A (PKA), a cAMP-activated kinase. In previous studies, we showed that activation of Epac/Rap1 in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) inhibited VEGF-mediated chemotaxis and angiogenesis in a SCID mouse model of human angiogenesis. To test the efficacy of Epac/Rap1 activation in a prostate tumor xenograft model, we analyzed the effects of constitutive Rap1 or 8 CPT-2Me-cAMP (8CPT), a strong Epac agonist and weak PKA agonist, in PC-3 cells. PC3 cells rank high in expression levels of Rap1. Surprisingly, although 8CPT did not alter tumor growth in PC-3 cells, the drug significantly reduced tumor size in PC-3 cells expressing constitutively active Rap1. Tumor analysis showed an increase in VEGF and CD31 immunostaining in Rap1-expressing tumors, and a significant decrease in their levels upon treatment of the mice with 8CPT. To understand the mechanism of tumor inhibition, we cultured PC-3 cells under hypoxic conditions that mimic the tumor microenvironment. As observed in vivo, constitutive Rap-1 expression induced VEGF and Glut-1 mRNA levels as well as HIF-1α protein, and 8CPT reversed this effect. However, in contrast to HMVECs, 8CPT acts in PC-3 cells via PKA. A PKA activator mimicked 8CPT by inhibiting VEGF secretion in PC3-Rap1 cells under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the PKA inhibitor, H-89, reversed the inhibition of VEGF secretion in PC3-Rap1 cells in culture and inhibited growth in mouse xenografts. Thus, expression of Rap1 in PC-3 human prostate tumor cells promotes hypoxic induction of angiogenesis and increases the susceptibility of the cells to PKA inhibition. Taken together, our results suggest that a novel interplay between Rap1, Epac and PKA regulates tumor-microenvironment induction of angiogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3467. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3467
Severity of Acute Gallstone Pancreatitis in Patients with Pancreas Divisum (2003)

Acute gallstone pancreatitis is less severe in patients with pancreas divisum than in those with a conjugate pancreas.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Pyridinyl Analogues of Dibenzylideneacetone (pyr‐dba) via an Improved Claisen—Schmidt Condensation, Displaying Diverse Biological Activities as Curcumin Analogues. (2012)

Abstract Novel pyridinyl analogues (III) of curcumin (IV) are prepared.
Root bacterial endophytes confer drought resistance and enhance expression and activity of a vacuolar H <sup>+</sup> ‐pumping pyrophosphatase in pepper plants (2018)

It has been previously shown that the transgenic overexpression of the plant root vacuolar proton pumps H<sup>+</sup> -ATPase (V-ATPase) and H<sup>+</sup> -PPase (V-PPase) confer tolerance to drought. Since plant-root endophytic bacteria can also promote drought tolerance, we hypothesize that such promotion can be associated to the enhancement of the host vacuolar proton pumps expression and activity. To test this hypothesis, we selected two endophytic bacteria endowed with an array of in vitro plant growth promoting traits. Their genome sequences confirmed the presence of traits previously shown to confer drought resistance to plants, such as the synthesis of nitric oxide and of organic volatile organic compounds. We used the two strains on pepper (Capsicuum annuum L.) because of its high sensitivity to drought. Under drought conditions, both strains stimulated a larger root system and enhanced the leaves' photosynthetic activity. By testing the expression and activity of the vacuolar proton pumps, H<sup>+</sup> -ATPase (V-ATPase) and H<sup>+</sup> -PPase (V-PPase), we found that bacterial colonization enhanced V-PPase only. We conclude that the enhanced expression and activity of V-PPase can be favoured by the colonization of drought-tolerance-inducing bacterial endophytes.
Mobile Anatomical Total Ankle Arthroplasty—Improvement of Talus Recentralization (2021)

In the present study, the lateral talar station of anteriorly subluxated ankles showed a significant improvement, i.e., physiological centralization of the talus, in the postoperative period when a mobile-bearing TAA was performed. The anterior/posterior congruency between the talar component and the mobile polyethylene insert of the mobile-bearing VANTAGE TAA allows the sagittal translation of the talus relative to the flat tibial component, reducing the prosthesis strain and failure.
Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube-Doped Thermoplastic Nanocomposites for the Additive Manufacturing of Self-Sensing Piezoresistive Materials (2022)

We present carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) nanocomposites for the additive manufacturing of self-sensing piezoresistive materials via fused filament fabrication. The PPR/CNT feedstock filaments were synthesized through high shear-induced melt blending with controlled CNT loading up to 8 wt % to enable three-dimensional (3D) printing of nanoengineered PPR/CNT composites. The CNTs were found to enhance crystallinity (up to 6%) in PPR-printed parts, contributing to the overall CNT-reinforcement effect that increases both stiffness and strength (increases of 56% in modulus and 40% in strength at 8 wt % CNT loading). Due to electrical conductivity (∼10–4–10–1 S/cm with CNT loading) imparted to the PPR by the CNT network, multifunctional in situ strain and damage sensing in 3D-printed CNT/PPR bulk composites and lattice structures are revealed. A useful range of gauge factors (k) is identified for strain sensing (ks = 10.1–17.4) and damage sensing (kd = 20–410) across the range of CNT loadings for the 0° print direction. Novel auxetic re-entrant and S-unit cell lattices are printed, with multifunctionality demonstrated as strain- and damage-sensing in tension. The PPR/CNT multifunctional nanocomposite lattices demonstrated here exhibit tunable strain and damage sensitivity and have application in biomedical engineering for the creation of self-sensing patient-specific devices such as orthopedic braces, where the ability to sense strain (and stress) can provide direct information for optimization of brace design/fit over the course of treatment.
The 27.3 meter neutron time-of-flight system for the National Ignition Facility (2013)

One of the scientific goals of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA, is to obtain thermonuclear ignition by compressing 2.2 mm diameter capsules filed with deuterium and tritium to densities approaching 1000 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and temperatures in excess of 4 keV. Thefusion reaction d + t &rarr; n + a results in a 14.03 MeV neutron providing a source of diagnostic particles to characterize the implosion. The spectrum of neutrons emanating from the assembly may be used to infer the fusion yield, plasma ion temperature, and fuel areal density, all key diagnostic quantities of implosion quality. The neutron time-of-flight (nToF) system co-located along the Neutron Imaging System line-of-site, (NIToF), is a set of 4 scintillation detectors located approximately 27.3 m from the implosion source. Neutron spectral information is inferred using arrival time at the detector. The NIToF system is described below, including the hardware elements, calibration data, analysis methods, and an example of its basic performance characteristics.
Delay and Power Monitoring Scheme for Minimizing Power Consumption by Means of Supply and Threshold Voltage Control (2006)

This paper describes newly developed delay and power monitoring schemes for minimizing power consumption by means of the dynamic control of supply voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> and threshold voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> in active and standby modes. On the basis of delay monitoring results, either V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> control or V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> control is selected, in order to avoid any oscillation problem between them in the active mode. With respect to power monitoring, experimental results with a 90-nm CMOS device show that it reduces power consumption by making it possible (1) to maintain a certain switching current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SW</sub> / leakage current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LEAK</sub> ratio in the active mode, and (2) to detect optimum body bias conditions (subthreshold current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SUBTH</sub> = substrate current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SUB</sub> ) within an error of less than 20 % with respect to actual minimum leakage current values in the standby mode
A Model of Early Visual Processing (1997)

We propose a model for early visual processing in primates. The model consists of a population of linear spatial filters which interact through non-linear excitatory and inhibitory pooling. Statistical estimation theory is then used to derive human psychophysical thresholds from the responses of the entire population of units. The model is able to reproduce human thresholds for contrast and orientation discrimination tasks, and to predict contrast thresholds in the presence of masks of varying orientation and spatial frequency. 1 INTRODUCTION A remarkably wide range of human visual thresholds for spatial patterns appears to be determined by the earliest stages of visual processing, namely, orientation- and spatial frequency-tuned visual filters and their interactions [18, 19, 3, 22, 9]. Here we consider the possibility of quantitatively relating arbitrary spatial vision thresholds to a single computational model. The success of such a unified account should reveal the extent to which ...
Relationship between Standard Uptake Values of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Salivary Metabolites in Oral Cancer: A Pilot Study (2020)

<sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is usually used for staging or evaluation of treatment response rather than for cancer screening. However, <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT has also been used in Japan for cancer screening in people with no cancer symptoms, and accumulating evidence supports this application of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT. Previously, we have observed a correlation between the saliva and tumor metabolomic profiles in patients with oral cancer. Hence, if salivary metabolites demonstrate a significant correlation with PET parameters such as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV<sub>max</sub>), they may have the potential to be used as a screening tool before PET/CT to identify patients with high SUV<sub>max</sub>. Hence, in this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between salivary metabolites and SUV<sub>max</sub> of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT using previously collected data. <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT was performed for staging 26 patients with oral cancer. The collected data were integrated and analyzed along with quantified salivary hydrophilic metabolites obtained from the same patients with oral cancer and controls (<i>n</i> = 44). In total, 11 metabolites showed significant correlations with SUV<sub>max</sub> in the delayed phases. A multiple logistic regression model of the two metabolites showed the ability to discriminate between patients with oral cancer and controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.738 (<i>p</i> = 0.001). This study uniquely confirmed a relationship between salivary metabolites and SUV<sub>max</sub> of PET/CT in patients with oral cancer; salivary metabolites were significantly correlated with SUV<sub>max</sub>. These salivary metabolites can be used as a screening tool before PET/CT to identify patients with high SUV<sub>max</sub>, i.e., to detect the presence of oral cancer.
Secure quantum key distribution with malicious devices (2020)

The malicious manipulation of quantum key distribution (QKD) hardware is a serious threat to its security, as, typically, neither end users nor QKD manufacturers can validate the integrity of every component of their QKD system in practice. One possible approach to re-establish the security of QKD is to use a redundant number of devices. Following this idea, we introduce an efficient distributed QKD post-processing protocol and prove its security in a variety of corruption models of the possibly malicious devices. We find that, compared to the most conservative model of active and collaborative corrupted devices, natural assumptions lead to a significant enhancement of the secret key rate and considerably simpler QKD setups. Furthermore, we show that, for most practical situations, the resulting finite-size secret key rate is similar to that of the standard scenario assuming trusted devices.
Formative Evaluation of Standardized Training for CT Colonographic Image Interpretation by Novice Readers (2008)

In the described polyp-enriched cohort, novice CT colonographic data readers achieved high sensitivity and good specificity at formative evaluation of a comprehensive training program. Use of a similar comprehensive training method might reduce interreader variability in interpretation accuracy and be useful for reader certification.
Increasing the Space Charge Limit and Other Effects of Cesium Seeding in Hydrogen Negative Ion Sources (1999)

The role of cesium seeding in increasing the negative ion current in volume sources is described. By a reduction in the local plasma potential the current of extracted electrons is vastly reduced. As a result, cesium increases the fraction of the transverse space charge limit available to the ions by as much as a factor of three. In addition, cesium can increase the total space charge limit by injection of Cs+ into the presheath-a newly recognized phenomenon consistent with experimental measurements and determined from application of a Double-Vlasov model for negative ion extraction.
Vitamin A degradation in triglycerides varying by their saturation levels (2017)

Abstract Vitamin A deficiency has a widespread occurrence globally and is considered as one of the world's most serious health risk factors. Potential solutions to address this deficiency include dietary diversification or supplementation, but food fortification is generally accepted as the most cost-effective solution. The main issue with food fortification of this vitamin is related to its high instability in food matrices. Dilution of vitamin A in triglycerides is a natural and appropriate way to stabilize this compound. We show here that vitamin A palmitate stability increases with increasing concentration of triglycerides. Moreover, we found that vitamin A palmitate displays improved stability in more saturated oils. Using various temperatures, and Arrhenius plots of experiments performed at storage temperatures between 30 °C and 60 °C for oils varying by their saturation and crystallinity, we demonstrate that crystallization is not responsible for this phenomenon. Additionally, we show by centrifugation that vitamin A is preferably solubilized in the liquid phase compared to the crystalline phase, explaining that triglyceride crystallization does not stabilize vitamin A palmitate. It is proposed that unsaturated fats generate more oxidation products such as radicals and peroxides, leading to a quicker degradation of vitamin A.