gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Line field off axis swept source OCT utilizing digital refocusing (2014)

OCT is a promising tool for performing fast and cheap noninvasive biopsies. High speed imaging helps to reduce motion artifacts that cause decreased sensitivity and resolution. Using a point scanning configuration one is ultimately limited in sensitivity. Therefore parallel configurations are a potentially attractive solution to further enhance the speed capabilities of future OCT systems. Even more, if full field configurations are employed one can exploit the intrinsic phase correlation over the field of view for digital wavefront correction techniques. Full field OCT has nevertheless limitations concerning the missing confocal gating. The sensitivity is decreased in the presence of specular reflexes from optical interfaces, furthermore light scattering cross talk between pixel causes additional signal degradation. A good compromise between parallel detection capabilities and confocal gating seems therefore line field OCT. We built a bench top line field system employing a frequency swept source enabling 2D/3D imaging at up to 200 kA-scans/s with an axial resolution of 8&mu;m and a depth range of 3.53mm in air. To prevent specular reflexes reaching the line scan camera, an off axis configuration of the optical path together with spatial filters placed in conjugate planes of the system was used. Geometrical optics based digital refocusing through the full depth range was shown on a sample target containing FeO particles, on a biological sample and in vivo. Furthermore, we assessed the regime where line field has an advantage over point scanning OCT in terms of sensitivity.
Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope using a micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) deformable mirror (2006)

A MEMS deformable mirror (DM)-based new generation adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) has been developed for in-vivo microscopic imaging of the living human retina. With the miniaturized optical aperture of a &#956;DMS-Multi<sup>TM</sup> MEMS DM made by Boston Micromachines Corporation (Watertown, MA), we were able to confine a compact and robust optical system to a mobile 30"×30" breadboard while keeping the system aberrations diffraction-limited over an imaging field of view up to 3×3 degrees. A customized Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor was devised to facilitate the MEMS DM based adaptive optics (AO) system. The ocular aberration is compensated over a 6mm pupil based upon a modal wavefront correction strategy. The AO correction is done for both ingoing and outgoing paths of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. After AO correction, the root mean square wave aberration is reduced to less than 0.1&#956;m for most eyes. The lateral resolution is effectively enhanced and the images reveal clear cone mosaic near the foveal center. The significant increase of the throughput at the confocal pinhole allows for a confocal pinhole whose diameter is less than the Airy disc of the collection lens, thereby fully exploiting the axial resolution capabilities of the system. The MEMS DM as well as its successful application represents the most significant technological breakthrough of this new generation AOSLO.
Nanoscale voltage tunable tunnel rectifier by gold nanostructures embedded in SiO2 (2006)

Conductive-atomic force microscopy is used to electrically characterize a nanometric metal-SiO2–Si (n+) system with Au nanocluster inclusions in SiO2. The system shows a marked rectifying behavior at room temperature with a threshold voltage function of the cluster size. This behavior is interpreted crossing physical considerations on metal-oxide-semiconductor structure and on double barrier tunnel junction device. The system fabricated and analyzed is proposed as a possible basic component for nanoelectronic circuits working at room temperature.
Unexpected Recyclization of 1H‐δ‐Carbolines to Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
MOBILE MULTIMEDIA - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES INVITED PAPER (2000)

Today, we observe the creation of an increasing number of multimedia consumer devices for mobile and home use. This includes set-top-boxes, game consoles, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), e-books, but also mobile phones. Although these devices have many things in common with desktop PCs - above all internet access - it is widely accepted that they will serve a different purpose. Many committees and companies are currently trying to define the open application platform .for tomorrow's consumer terminals ,for home use, among others the so-called Multimedia Home PlaEform (MHP) of the European Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) project. Meanwhile, on the cellular end of the multimedia business, portable appliances like cellular phones, e-books and PDAs are evolving to multimedia terminals. starting from narrow band Internet services like the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and slow[y adopting video technologies. One of the main obstacles to overcome is bandwidth limitation - even for 3G mobile systems - and broadcast technology is considered to be a serious candidate to fill this gap, both for TV and data services. A special challenge is to provide multimedia services in vehicles, where, due to the static environment relative to the driver, some requirements for mobile and static terminals apply at the same time. This paper shall summarize some trends and opportunities of mobile multimedia - especially in the
Effect of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine on intravenous self-administration of ketamine and heroin in the rat (2007)

The mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP) may be beneficial for drug abuse treatment, as it has been found to reduce self-administration of ethanol, nicotine and cocaine in preclinical models. This study investigated whether this finding can be extended to dissociative anaesthetics and opioids. Long Evans rats were trained to intravenously self-administer ketamine (0.5 mg/kg/infusion, 2 h sessions, fixed ratio 3) or heroin (0.05 mg/kg/infusion, 1 h sessions, fixed ratio 10). After reaching stable responding, the effect of MPEP pretreatment (1.25–20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal; t=–30 min) on intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of each compound was investigated. Behavioural specificity of MPEP on IVSA was assessed using a food-reinforcement procedure. IVSA of ketamine was dose-dependently reduced by MPEP pretreatment, with a minimal effective dose of 5 mg/kg and a 75% reduction at the highest dose tested. IVSA of heroin was only modestly reduced by the highest dose of MPEP (20% reduction). Food-reinforced behaviour was not altered by MPEP, either given alone or in combination with ketamine or heroin, indicating that the effect in the IVSA paradigm was behaviourally specific. It is suggested that the differential effect of MPEP on IVSA of ketamine and heroin is related to the particular class of the self-administered drug or its relative reinforcing efficacy.
QoE Optimization of ON/OFF Video Streaming Strategy in Wireless Networks (2016)

International audience
Modeling Study of Peripheral Nerve Recording (2000)

Recording of sensory information from afferent fibers can be used as feedback for the closed-loop control of neural prostheses. Clinical applications suggest that recording selectively from various nerve fascicles is important. Current nerve cuff electrodes are generally circular in shape and use a tripolar recording configuration. Preliminary experiments suggest that slowly changing the shape of the nerve to a flatter cross section can improve its selectivity. The objective of this work is to determine the effects of nerve reshaping and other cuff design parameters on the fascicular recording selectivity of a nerve cuff. A finite-element computer model of a multifasciculated nerve with different cuff electrodes was implemented to simulate the recordings. The model included the inhomogeneous and anisotropic properties of peripheral nerves. The recording selectivity was quantified with the use of a Selectivity Index. The results from the model provided information regarding the effect of using monopolar versus tripolar recording configurations, the length of the tripoles in tripolar recordings, the number of contacts that maximize the selectivity index, and the cuff length. Nerve reshaping was found to cause important recording selectivity improvements (106% average). These results provide specific criteria for the design of selectively recording nerve cuff electrodes.
Proportional-integral extremum seeking for vapor compression systems (2016)

In this paper, we optimize vapor compression system power consumption through the application of a newly-developed proportional-integral extremum seeking controller (PI-ESC) that converges at the same timescale as the process. This method modifies the control law to include terms proportional to the estimated gradient, but this modification of the control law requires a more sophisticated gradient estimator in order to avoid bias. We develop a PI-ESC for which this bias is eliminated. PI-ESC is applied to the problem of compressor discharge temperature setpoint selection for a vapor compression system where setpoints are automatically determined so that power consumption is minimized. The vapor compression system operates with a regulating feedback controller configured to drive the compressor discharge temperature to setpoints selected by the PI-ESC, and we use a physics-based simulation model to demonstrate that power consumption is minimized dramatically faster than by traditional perturbation-based methods.
Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Abatacept in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Interim Results from the Abatacept in JIA Registry (2015)

Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Abatacept in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Interim Results from the Abatacept in JIA Registry
Degree correlations amplify the growth of cascades in networks (2018)

Networks facilitate the spread of cascades, allowing a local perturbation to percolate via interactions between nodes and their neighbors. We investigate how network structure affects the dynamics of a spreading cascade. By accounting for the joint degree distribution of a network within a generating function framework, we can quantify how degree correlations affect both the onset of global cascades and the propensity of nodes of specific degree class to trigger large cascades. However, not all degree correlations are equally important in a spreading process. We introduce a new measure of degree assortativity that accounts for correlations among nodes relevant to a spreading cascade. We show that the critical point defining the onset of global cascades has a monotone relationship to this new assortativity measure. In addition, we show that the choice of nodes to seed the largest cascades is strongly affected by degree correlations. Contrary to traditional wisdom, when degree assortativity is positive, low degree nodes are more likely to generate largest cascades. Our work suggests that it may be possible to tailor spreading processes by manipulating the higher-order structure of networks.
Trichosanthin, α‐momorcharin and β‐momorcharin: identity of abortifacient and ribosome‐inactivating proteins (1988)

The abortifacient proteins trichosanthin, alpha-momorcharin and beta-momorcharin at nM concentrations inhibit cell-free protein synthesis. The momorcharins and the ribosome-inactivating proteins isolated from Momordica charantia seeds cross-react with the respective antisera. The ribosome-inactivating proteins saporins, pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) and, to a lesser extent, gelonin have abortifacient activity on pregnant mice.
Conserved Overlapping Gene Arrangement, Restricted Expression, and Biochemical Activities of DNA Polymerase ν (POLN) (2015)

DNA polymerase ν (POLN) is one of 16 DNA polymerases encoded in vertebrate genomes. It is important to determine its gene expression patterns, biological roles, and biochemical activities. By quantitative analysis of mRNA expression, we found that POLN from the zebrafish Danio rerio is expressed predominantly in testis. POLN is not detectably expressed in zebrafish embryos or in mouse embryonic stem cells. Consistent with this, injection of POLN-specific morpholino antisense oligonucleotides did not interfere with zebrafish embryonic development. Analysis of transcripts revealed that vertebrate POLN has an unusual gene expression arrangement, sharing a first exon with HAUS3, the gene encoding augmin-like complex subunit 3. HAUS3 is broadly expressed in embryonic and adult tissues, in contrast to POLN. Differential expression of POLN and HAUS3 appears to arise by alternate splicing of transcripts in mammalian cells and zebrafish. When POLN was ectopically overexpressed in human cells, it specifically coimmunoprecipitated with the homologous recombination factors BRCA1 and FANCJ, but not with previously suggested interaction partners (HELQ and members of the Fanconi anemia core complex). Purified zebrafish POLN protein is capable of thymine glycol bypass and strand displacement, with activity dependent on a basic amino acid residue known to stabilize the primer-template. These properties are conserved with the human enzyme. Although the physiological function of pol ν remains to be clarified, this study uncovers distinctive aspects of its expression control and evolutionarily conserved properties of this DNA polymerase.
Developing Bug-Free Machine Learning Systems With Formal Mathematics. (2017)

Noisy data, non-convex objectives, model misspecification, and numerical instability can all cause undesired behaviors in machine learning systems. As a result, detecting actual implementation errors can be extremely difficult. We demonstrate a methodology in which developers use an interactive proof assistant to both implement their system and to state a formal theorem defining what it means for their system to be correct. The process of proving this theorem interactively in the proof assistant exposes all implementation errors since any error in the program would cause the proof to fail. As a case study, we implement a new system, Certigrad, for optimizing over stochastic computation graphs, and we generate a formal (i.e. machine-checkable) proof that the gradients sampled by the system are unbiased estimates of the true mathematical gradients. We train a variational autoencoder using Certigrad and find the performance comparable to training the same model in TensorFlow.
Low-Profile Dual-Band Tripolarized Antenna Using Monopolar Slotted Patch (2023)

A dual-band multiport antenna with three orthogonal polarizations is proposed for 2.45 and 5.8 GHz bands. It consists of a monopolar slotted patch with shorting vias for vertically polarized omnidirectional radiations and differential-fed stacked patches for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$</tex-math></inline-formula> - and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$</tex-math></inline-formula> -polarized broadside radiations. To avoid undesired effects among different radiation modes, four shorting vias in the monopolar patch are utilized to feed the stacked patches. The final design with 0.07 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{2.45-\text{GHz}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> profile achieves measured 10 dB return loss bandwidths of 50 and 180 MHz at the two target bands, respectively, and an isolation of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ge$</tex-math></inline-formula> 40 dB among all the ports, showing significant improvement as compared to the existing designs for the same application in the literature. Its radiation characteristics are validated by the far-field measurements, which illustrate highly symmetrical patterns and low cross polarization in all the operation modes.
Lung tissue biomechanics imaged with synchrotron phase contrast microtomography in live rats (2022)

The magnitude and distribution of strain imposed on the peripheral airspaces by mechanical ventilation at the microscopic level and the consequent deformations are unknown despite their importance for understanding the mechanisms occurring at the onset of ventilator-induced lung injury. Here a 4-Dimensional (3D + time) image acquisition and processing technique is developed to assess pulmonary acinar biomechanics at microscopic resolution. Synchrotron radiation phase contrast CT with an isotropic voxel size of 6 µm<sup>3</sup> is applied in live anesthetized rats under controlled mechanical ventilation. Video animations of regional acinar and vascular strain are acquired in vivo. Maps of strain distribution due to positive-pressure breaths and cardiovascular activity in lung acini and blood vessels are derived based on CT images. Regional strain within the lung peripheral airspaces takes average values of 0.09 ± 0.02. Fitting the expression S = kV<sup>n</sup>, to the changes in peripheral airspace area (S) and volume (V) during a positive pressure breath yields an exponent n = 0.82 ± 0.03, suggesting predominant alveolar expansion rather than ductal expansion or alveolar recruitment. We conclude that this methodology can be used to assess acinar conformational changes during positive pressure breaths in intact peripheral lung airspaces.
Elucidating the turbulence nature of the intracardiac flow: from medical\n images to multi-cycle Large Eddy Simulations (2013)

This brief article accompanies a fluid dynamics video presenting the results\nof a large-eddy simulation of the flow in a realistic left heart. The left\nheart geometry, from the pulmonary veins to the aortic root, is extracted from\nmedical images and the endocardium movements are reconstructed through image\nregistration. Large-eddy simulations are thus performed in a patient-specific\nheart model, where the patient-specific movements of the geometry are\nprescribed. The flow obtained is intermittent, showing both in the left atrium\nand in the left ventricle turbulent spots correlated to flow decelerations.\n
Etude du phénomème de vieillissement des transistors MOS microniques par l'analyse des caractéristiques DCG (1992)

Une nouvelle méthode de caractérisation du vieillissement des transistors microniques et submicroniques est proposée. Elle est basée sur l'analyse de la variation du courant de fuite en fonction de la polarisation grille des transistors étudiés comme des diodes contrôlées par grille en reliant la source et le drain. Les caractéristiques DCG sont relevées avant et après l'opération de vieillissement qui consiste à appliquer une polarisation drain VDS et une polarisation grille VGS, par rapport à la source, pendant un temps plus ou moins long (contrainte). Nous montrons que cette méthode est considérablement plus sensible que les méthodes usuelles qui consistent à suivre l'évolution de la tension de seuil VTO, de la transductance gm ou de la pente S en régime d'inversion faible. Par rapport à la méthode de pompage de charge [2-4], elle présente l'avantage de révéler que les électrons chauds créent non seulement des charges dans l'oxyde et des états d'interface mais aussi des défauts volumiques au voisinage du drain. La méthode proposée confirme que la densité des défauts créés au cours d'une contrainte sature pour une polarisation drain VDS donnée, au bout d'un temps plus ou moins long suivant la polarisation grille appliquée VGS. Elle met en évidence une relaxation après une contrainte, d'environ 10 % des défauts créés par les porteurs chauds. Le nombre total de ces défauts n'est pas toujours maximum pour les contraintes VGS = VDS /2 comme il est souvent admis [1].
A Compact, Low Input Capacitance Neural Recording Amplifier (2013)

Conventional capacitively coupled neural recording amplifiers often present a large input load capacitance to the neural signal source and hence take up large circuit area. They suffer due to the unavoidable trade-off between the input capacitance and chip area versus the amplifier gain. In this work, this trade-off is relaxed by replacing the single feedback capacitor with a clamped T-capacitor network. With this simple modification, the proposed amplifier can achieve the same mid-band gain with less input capacitance, resulting in a higher input impedance and a smaller silicon area. Prototype neural recording amplifiers based on this proposal were fabricated in 0.35 μm CMOS, and their performance is reported. The amplifiers occupy smaller area and have lower input loading capacitance compared to conventional neural amplifiers. One of the proposed amplifiers occupies merely 0.056 mm(2). It achieves 38.1-dB mid-band gain with 1.6 pF input capacitance, and hence has an effective feedback capacitance of 20 fF. Consuming 6 μW, it has an input referred noise of 13.3 μVrms over 8.5 kHz bandwidth and NEF of 7.87. In-vivo recordings from animal experiments are also demonstrated.
Die Feineinstellung bei kieferorthopädischer Behandlung mit einer vollständig individuellen lingualen Apparatur Finishing in Lingual Orthodontics Using a Completely Customized Lingual Appliance (2012)

▼ To determine the amount of clinical input needed in the fi nishing phase, when a completely customized lingual appliance is used.
Spondylolysis of C-2 in 2 athletically active individuals (2010)

Cervical spondylolysis is an uncommon disorder involving a cleft at the pars interarticularis. It is most often found at the C-6 level, and clinical presentations have included incidental radiographic findings, neck pain, and rarely neurological compromise. Although subaxial cervical spondylolysis has been described in 150 patients, defects at the C-2 pedicles are rare. The authors present 2 new cases of C-2 spondylolysis in athletically active young persons who did not demonstrate instability or neurological deficits, were able to remain active, and are being managed conservatively with serial examinations and imaging. They also discuss the results of 22 previously reported cases of C-2 spondylolysis. Based on the literature and their own experience, the authors conclude that most patients with C-2 spondylolysis remain neurologically intact, maintain stability despite the bony defect, and can be managed conservatively. Surgery is reserved for patients who demonstrate severe instability or spinal cord compromise due to stenosis.
Gene polymorphisms of the NOD-2/CARD-15 gene and the risk of gastric cancer in Germany. (2008)

NOD-2 is not a risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis in the Caucasian population.
CCL21 as a Potential Serum Biomarker for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis (2018)

CCL21 appears to be a promising marker for predicting the risk of SSc-related PAH and PAH progression. CCL21 may be part of a dysregulated immune pathway linked to the development of lung vascular damage in SSc.
Corrigendum: Cycloelimination of Imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Mechanism and Insights into the Synthesis of Stable “NHC‐CDI” Amidinates (2015)

The authors noticed that Figure 1 and Scheme 2 a in their Communication were incorrect. In Figure 1, the formula under the first reaction arrow should read “C2H4”, as described in the text. In Scheme 2 a, the N-substituents in both the NHC and the NHC-CDI should be iPr rather than Me. The last sentence of the paragraph below Scheme 2 on page 5687 should read: “This dramatic difference likely stems from the larger steric bulk of the four aryl substituents in our adducts compared to that of the iPr groups in the NHC and amidinate components of Kuhn′s adduct.” The authors apologize for the oversight.