gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully defined human pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia and tri-culture system model C3 production in Alzheimer’s disease v1 (2021)

Aberrant inflammation in the CNS has been implicated as a major player in the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative disease. We developed a new approach to derive microglia from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and built a defined hPSC-derived tri-culture system containing pure populations of hPSC-derived microglia, astrocytes, and neurons to dissect cellular cross-talk along the neuroinflammatory axis in vitro. We used the tri-culture system to model neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease with hPSCs harboring the APPSWE+/+ mutation and their isogenic control. We found that complement C3, a protein that is increased under inflammatory conditions and implicated in synaptic loss, is potentiated in tri-culture and further enhanced in APPSWE+/+ tri-cultures due to microglia initiating reciprocal signaling with astrocytes to produce excess C3. Our study defines the major cellular players contributing to increased C3 in Alzheimer’s disease and presents a broadly applicable platform to study neuroinflammation in human disease.
An algorithm to calibrate and correct the response to unpolarized radiation of the X-ray polarimeter on board IXPE (2021)

The Gas Pixel Detector is an X-ray polarimeter to fly on-board IXPE and other missions. To correctly measure the source polarization, the response of IXPE's GPDs to unpolarized radiation has to be calibrated and corrected. In this paper we describe the way such response is measured with laboratory sources and the algorithm to apply such correction to the observations of celestial sources. The latter allows to correct the response to polarization of single photons, therefore allowing great flexibility in all the subsequent analysis. Our correction approach is tested against both monochromatic and non-monochromatic laboratory sources and with simulations, finding that it correctly retrieves the polarization up to the statistical limits of the planned IXPE observations.
Investigating the Stability and Accuracy of the Phase Response for NOx Sensing 5% Mg-modified LaCrO3 Electrodes (2007)

Impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out on LaCr{sub 0.95}Mg{sub 0.05}O{sub 3} (LCM) asymmetric interdigitated electrodes supported on fully stabilized 8-mol% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-stabilized ZrO{sub 2} (YSZ) electrolytes. Experiments were carried out using 0-50 ppm NO{sub x}, 5-15% O{sub 2} with N{sub 2} as the balance, over temperatures ranging from 600-700 C. AC measurements taken at a constant frequency between 1-100 Hz indicated the phase response of the sensor was less sensitive to fluctuations in the O{sub 2} concentration and the baseline drift was limited. Specific frequencies were observed where the sensor response was essentially temperature independent.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Delivery Agents that Facilitate the Oral Absorption of Macromolecular Drugs (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interaction of large granular lymphocytes with susceptible target does not induce second messenger and cytolytic granule exocytosis. (1992)

We studied the activation signals of LGL, from LDGL patients, following incubation with susceptible K562 target cells. The findings showed that LGL lysis is independent of [Ca2+]i rise and cytolytic granule exocytosis, and most likely involves alternative, as yet unidentified, mechanisms.
P4‐293: COMPARISON OF FLORTAUCIPIR PET WITH CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND NEUROIMAGING MEASURES IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT DUE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2019)

The majority of prior studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) have relied on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of tau pathology. In recent years, tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been used in research studies, and its relation to CSF tau and other AD-related clinical measures is not clear in MCI due to AD. To determine associations between flortaucipir PET and CSF measures of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau181p (p-tau) and amyloid-β (Aβ), cognitive functioning and neuroimaging measures in MCI due to AD, we conducted an observational study of 29 participants 50 years or older with MCI due to AD (MCI with CSF evidence of AD pathology). Each participant underwent a lumbar puncture to measure CSF Aβ, t-tau and p-tau, as well as Flortaucipir and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B PET scans, structural MRI and neuropsychological testing. Data were collected as baseline assessments of an ongoing clinical trial. Pearson's partial correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression were utilized to assess the relationships between global and regional flortaucipir standardized uptake value ratios, CSF t-tau, p-tau and Aβ, cognitive function and structural brain measures. Whole brain flortaucipir uptake significantly correlated with CSF t-tau (r=0.68, P<.001) and to a lesser extent with p-tau (r=0.42, P=.04), after adjusting for age, sex, race and years of education. Regionally, the strongest correlations of flortaucipir PET with CSF t-tau and p-tau were in the temporal region (t-tau: r=0.69, P<.001 and p-tau: r=0.49, P=.02). Voxel-wise analysis between tau PET and CSF tau levels further confirmed the associations in these regions. Flortaucipir PET correlated with amyloid measures (CSF Aβ (r=−0.45, P=.03) and PiB PET(r=0.79, P=<.001)), brain cortical thickness (r=−0.44, P=.03) but not hippocampal volume, and with measures of episodic memory (r=−0.61, P=.001) and visuospatial working memory (r=−0.46, P=.02). Our findings indicate that flortaucipir PET has strong correlations with CSF tau and with memory and cortical neurodegeneration in MCI due to AD. Flortaucipir PET may be valuable in evaluating MCI and monitoring disease progression.
CARIBIAM: Constrained Association Rules using Interactive Biological IncrementAl Mining (2008)

This paper analyses annotated genome data by applying a very central data-mining technique known as Association Rule Mining (ARM) with the aim of discovering rules and hypotheses capable of yielding deeper insights into this type of data. In the literature, ARM has been noted for producing an overwhelming number of rules. This work proposes a new technique capable of using domain knowledge in the form of queries in order to efficiently mine only the subset of the associations that are of interest to investigators in an incremental and interactive manner.
Proliferation of peroxisomes without simultaneous induction of the peroxisomal fatty acid βoxidation (1990)

Marked proliferation of rat hepatic peroxisomes is observed after treatment with a new potent hypolipidemic drug BM 15766, as well as after bezafibrate. Whereas the relative specific activity of the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system is not affected by BM 15766 it is significantly increased after bezafibrate. This is also confirmed by immunoblot analysis of individual beta-oxidation enzymes in highly purified peroxisome fractions. These observations suggest that peroxisome proliferation and the induction of the fatty acid beta-oxidation are regulated separately.
Excess Electron Transfer from an Internally Conjugated Aromatic Amine to 5-Bromo-2‘-deoxyuridine in DNA (2003)

DNA duplexes containing an N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,5-diaminonaphthalene analogue and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) provide a readily accessible system for investigating excess electron transfer in DNA. Photoexcitation of the aromatic amine (lambda > 335 nm) induces reductive electron transfer as observed by strand cleavage adjacent to the BrdU residue. The weak exponential distance dependence (0.3 A-1) of electron transfer determined for this system of mixed dA-T and dG-dC base pairs suggests that thermally activated electron hopping is competitive with proton transfer within the dG.dC radical anion. The UV-dependent transfer of excess electrons and subsequent strand cleavage proceeds equivalently under anaerobic and aerobic conditions and is not sensitive to e-(aq) or hydroxyl radical trapping agents.
Supplementary Information from Enhanced Oncolytic Activities of the Telomerase-Specific Replication-Competent Adenovirus Expressing Short-Hairpin RNA against Dicer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig. S1 Tumor cell lysis profiles of TRAD-shDicer in SK-OV-3 cells; Supplementary Table S1 The oligonucleotides and primers used in this study&lt;/p&gt;
Novel non‐canonical regulation of soluble VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling by mechanosensitive ion channel TRPV4 in endothelial cells (2018)

VEGF and VEGFR2 signaling is the major regulator of endothelial functions such as proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. While many studies on the modulation of angiogenesis focus on targeting VEGF signaling, mechanical forces also play critical role. We have recently shown that the mechanosensitive ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) negatively regulates angiogenesis via modulation of Rho/Rho kinase‐dependent endothelial mechanosensing. Nevertheless, it is not known if a cross‐talk exists between TRPV4 and VEGF signaling. To explore this nexus, we silenced TRPV4 in endothelial cells (EC) and measured VEGFR2 expression, localization, and phosphorylation. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed significant localization of total‐VEGFR2 around the perinuclear (Golgi) compartment in control EC. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of TRPV4 significantly decreased perinuclear localization of VEGFR2. Interestingly, we found increased phosphorylation of VEGFR2 at Y1175 and its localization to the plasma membrane in TRPV4 knocked‐down cells. We also found increased plasma membrane localization of phospho‐VEGFR2 Y1175 in TRPV4 null EC. Western blot analysis further revealed a significant increase in phospho‐VEGFR2 at Y1175 in whole cell lysates and membrane fractions of TRPV4 knocked‐down cells compared to control siRNA‐treated cells. Finally, TRPV4 deletion/knockdown also increased VEGF‐mediated migration with localization of phospho‐VEGFR2 at the leading edge of migrating EC. Taken together, our results suggest that TRPV4 channels regulate VEGFR2 localization and activation to identify novel cross‐talk between mechanical (TRPV4) and soluble (VEGF) signaling in EC. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL119705 and National Cancer Institute (NCI) R15CA202847 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Salivary gland involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to induced oxidative stress (2003)

The effects of RA on salivary gland flow rates and antioxidant compositional parameters may be of great importance for the further elucidation of the role of free radicals in RA pathogenesis and for its general diagnosis and evaluation. The demonstrated correlation between the altered salivary parameters and the severity of the disease may indicate that evaluation of the salivary status of RA patients is warranted.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Two Nitrogen‐Donor Cryptands. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Applications of QSAR to Enzymes Involved in Toxicology (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction QSAR for Enzymes Limitations Conclusions References
Preventive Effect of Onion Extract on the Formation and Cytotoxicity of Glycated Amadori-Phosphatidylethanolamine. (2002)

本研究では,タマネギ抽出物がAmadori-PEの生成と細胞毒性に与える影響を調べDioleoyl PEとD-グルコースをメタノール中でインキュベート(60℃, 1日)すると,dioleoyl PEの50%がAmadori-PEに変換されていた.また,dioleoyl PEとグルコースをインキュペートして,その脂質抽出物をマクロファージ系細胞株であるJ774A.1に処理すると,顕著な細胞死が認められた.このインキュベート溶液にタマネギ抽出物を少量(0.1%, v/v)加えると,madori-PEの生成と細胞毒性が顕著に抑制された.これらの結果から,タマネギは脂質グリケーションの抑制成分を含み,Amadori-PEの生成を抑えることで細胞毒性を和らげていることが初め明らかになった.
The Influence of Method of Administration and Covariates on the Pharmacokinetics of Propofol in Adult Volunteers  (1998)

These results demonstrate that method of administration (bolus vs. infusion), but not EDTA, influences the pharmacokinetics of propofol. Within the clinically relevant range, the kinetics of propofol during infusions are linear regarding infusion rate.
Characterization of Redlen CZT detectors for x-ray astronomy (2018)

We present the results of ongoing characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) semiconductors produced by Redlen Technologies for use in X-ray astronomy. The fully fabricated hybrid detectors consist of CZT crystals with a collecting area of 2 cm x 2 cm and thickness of 3mm mounted on a custom ASIC originally designed for the <i>Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)</i> mission, which launched in 2012. We present the results of electronic noise, inter-pixel conductance, and leakage current tests as well as spectral calibration using an <sup>241</sup>Am source. Despite high electronic noise due to errors in fabrication, we are able to compare characteristics of the Redlen CZT detectors to those of the CZT detectors produced by eV Products aboard <i>NuSTAR</i>.
Thermophysical properties of some species of Malaysian freshwater fish in unfrozen state (2008)

Five widely consumed species of freshwater fish in Malaysia were investigated to determine their thermophysical properties due to their handling need for food industry sector from the viewpoint of the heat transfer calculations. These properties encompassed thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity. The species under study were black tilapia, red tilapia, catfish, yellowtail catfish and red pomphret. The major components (moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate and ash contents) of the fish muscle were determined for each species in a fresh state. Mathematical formulae, which correlate between the components’ values and the thermophysical properties were used to calculate these properties and their variation with temperature. The results were compared with the existing literature of other fish. Slight differences were noticed, however, the results were still within the common range of fish thermophysical values. The differences may be attributed to the different cultural and growing conditions. A logistic model correlated between the thermal diffusivity and temperature variation was developed in this work. It represents the basic requirement to the solution of heat transfer equation by which the thermal processing problems could be solved.
Distinct roles of cytolytic effector molecules for antigen‐restricted killing by CTL <i>in vivo</i> (2010)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) represent one of the front lines of defense for the immune system, killing virus-infected and tumor-transformed cells. CTL use at least two mechanisms to induce apoptosis in their targets, one mediated by perforin and granzymes, and the other triggered by the death ligand, CD95 ligand (CD95L). Here, we used an in vivo cytotoxicity assay to measure specific clearance of antigen-bearing target cells in mice that had previously been immunized with noninfectious cell-associated antigens. We found that perforin was dispensable for efficient clearance of antigen-bearing cells from immunized mice, but only if CD95/CD95L was functional; however, there was a delay in target cell clearance in the absence of perforin. In addition, we observed ∼35% target cell clearance in the absence of both perforin and CD95L, which was only slightly abrogated in the presence of a neutralizing anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody. The presence of a dominant negative Fas-associated death domain (FADD) did not block target cell clearance and therefore cannot be attributed to known death receptors. Taken together, these data suggest that perforin- and CD95L-dependent killing are complementary at early time points, each can compensate for the absence of the other at later time points, and that there is an additional component of antigen-restricted CTL killing independent of perforin, CD95L, and TNFα.
Induction of a Th1 Response from Th2-Polarized T Cells by Activated Dendritic Cells: Dependence on TCR:Peptide-MHC Interaction, ICAM-1, IL-12, and IFN-γ (2007)

Dendritic cells (DC) are important regulators of T cell immunity. The degree of stimulation, the pattern of costimulatory molecules expressed, and the cytokines secreted by DC dictate the nature of the effector and memory cells generated, particularly with respect to their Th1 or Th2 phenotypes. In this study, we demonstrate that the addition of activated DC to spleen cultures containing established Th2-polarized CD4(+) T cells was sufficient to suppress Th2 and induce Th1 cytokines in a recall response, a phenomenon referred to as phenotype reversal. The ability of activated DC to induce phenotype reversal displayed exquisite Ag specificity. The DC activator B7-DC cross-linking Ab (XAb) was >10,000-fold more efficient at inducing phenotype reversal than the TLR agonists CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide and Gardiquimod. Characterization of the mechanisms governing phenotype reversal revealed the requirement for cognate interaction between the TCR:peptide-MHC complex, the expression of the costimulation/adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and secretion of IL-12 and IFN-gamma by the activated DC. The requirement for the costimulation/adhesion molecule SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule) was found to be quantitative. Thus, activation of DC, particularly by crosslinking B7-DC, can modulate well-established Th2 T cell responses in an Ag-specific manner. Because the regulation of mouse and human DC by B7-DC XAb overlaps in several significant ways, immune modulation with B7-DC XAb is a potential strategy for treating Th2-mediated diseases.
Three-port DC-DC converter with new integrated transformer for DC Distribution Systems (2014)

A new integrated transformer for three-port dc-dc converter is proposed to overcome the power coupling effect existed in some known multiple inputs dc-dc converters. Orthogonal primary windings arrangement and in series connection of diagonal secondary Windings enables a fully power decoupling between the multiple inputs while the output power is still coupled with all inputs. The energy is accordingly allowed to deliver into the output load simultaneously or at any time-multiplexing scheme. 1-kW experimental prototypes have been built to demonstrate a well-managed power flow for photovoltaic (PV) and battery standalone system.
Impact of the Oersted Field on Droplet Nucleation Boundaries (2018)

We investigate how the Oersted field affects the magnetic droplet nucleation boundary in spin-torque nanooscillators based on orthogonal spin-valve stacks with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Co/Ni free layer and an easy-plane anisotropy Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> fixed layer. The current-field nucleation boundary is determined experimentally using both microwave signal and dc resistance measurements. The Oersted field can, in principle, have an impact on droplet nucleation. This effect is considered approximately using an analytical equation for the nucleation boundary, which is extended to cover fields larger than the fixed-layer saturation field. We test the accuracy of this approach by comparing with micromagnetic simulations. Finally, we carry out a numerical fit to experimental data and find good agreement.
Cocoon (2023)

We are now surrounded by multiple microphones available on various devices around us including wearables. This opens unique opportunities for acoustic sensing applications to enhance the spatial resolution of audio signals on the body. However, state-of-the-art acoustic sensing applications still mostly utilize a single microphone or a microphone array on a single device. In this paper, we present Cocoon, a case study for on-body microphone collaboration for spatial awareness. Cocoon is a novel wearable system that automatically provides users with situational services based on their location. To this end, it combines spatial profiles from multiple on-body microphones on the fly and identifies a user's location by matching the profile against the pre-registered ones. Our experimental results show that Cocoon outperforms the existing single microphone-based methods, 10.0% points and 21.5% points accuracy increase in the controlled and real-world setup, respectively. Cocoon also improves the robustness to slight movements and orientation changes of the microphone, reducing the error rate by 17.5% points.
Intermittence and roughening of periodic elastic media (2001)

We analyze intermittence and roughening of an elastic interface or domain wall pinned in a periodic potential, in the presence of random-bond disorder in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions. Though the ensemble average behavior is smooth, the typical behavior of a large sample is intermittent, and does not self-average to a smooth behavior. Instead, large fluctuations occur in the mean location of the interface and the onset of interface roughening is via an extensive fluctuation which leads to a jump in the roughness of order lambda, the period of the potential. Analytical arguments based on extreme statistics are given for the number of the minima of the periodicity visited by the interface and for the roughening crossover, which is confirmed by extensive exact ground state calculations.
Some results on the linear prediction of bandlimited fading processes (2005)

Channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is useful in many wireless communication systems, and is usually obtained by feedback in frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. To compensate for the feedback delay, prediction techniques are often used at the transmitter or the receiver side. We study the design and performance analysis of linear prediction of a bandlimited complex Gaussian fading process. We consider prediction based on both noiseless and noisy past samples of the fading process and study both finite and infinite linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) prediction filters. In particular, we derive the MMSE achievable by an infinite length linear filter in the case of prediction based on noisy past samples. We also study the design of robust prediction filters whose coefficients are independent of the second order statistics of the fading process.
Research findings from nonpharmaceutical intervention studies for pandemic influenza and current gaps in the research (2010)

Peer Reviewed