gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radial Liquid Dispersion and Bubble Distribution in Three‐Phase Circulating Fluidized Beds (2003)

Abstract The liquid dispersion and bubble distribution in the radial direction have been investigated in the riser of a three‐phase circulating fluidized bed whose diameter is 0.102m and 3.5m in height. Effects of gas and liquid velocities and solid circulation rate have been determined. It has been found that the radial distribution of bubbles is related closely to the liquid dispersion in the radial direction. The size and rising velocity of bubbles tend to increase as the radial position approaches to the center of the riser. The bubble size increases with increasing U G , but it decreases with increasing U L or G S in all radial positions. The radial dispersion coefficient of the liquid phase increases with increasing U G or G S , however, it tends to decrease with increasing U L . The value of Dr has been well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups based on the isotropic turbulence model.
Power Device Platforms (2013)

Silicon power device technology has matured to a point where it has largely achieved its theoretical limits. The development of diode, MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistors, and thyristor device technology in silicon has settled the applications where each of these devices can most effectively be used. The critical electric field is the breakdown electric field of the material. The critical electric field being larger in silicon carbide (SiC) contributes to the higher blocking voltage capability of SiC devices. The lower intrinsic carrier concentration of wider bandgap materials means that the device will hold its performance at elevated temperatures. Gallium nitride devices have been fabricated on a variety of starting substrates due to the difficulty of creating high-quality gallium nitride substrates onto which the devices can be fabricated. Silicon carbide power devices have received a substantial amount of attention in the past decade from the research community. Power devices for extreme environments generally mean wide bandgap material systems.
Tissue preservation with mass spectroscopic analysis: Implications for cancer diagnostics (2018)

Surgical intervention is a common treatment modality for localized cancer. Post-operative analysis involves evaluation of surgical margins to assess whether all malignant tissue has been resected because positive surgical margins lead to a greater likelihood of recurrence. Secondary treatments are utilized to minimize the negative effects of positive surgical margins. Recently, in Science Translational Medicine, Zhang et al describe a new mass spectroscopic technique that could potentially decrease the likelihood of positive surgical margins. Their nondestructive in vivo tissue sampling leads to a highly accurate and rapid cancer diagnosis with great precision between healthy and malignant tissue. This new tool has the potential to improve surgical margins and accelerate cancer diagnostics by analyzing biomolecular signatures of various tissues and diseases.
Effect of Hydrogen-to-Methane Concentration Ratio on the Phase Equilibria of Quaternary Hydrate Systems (2014)

Clathrate hydrates of hydrogen are of specific interest due to their potential ability to store molecular hydrogen. In particular, structure H (sH) hydrate has a higher theoretical storage capacity in comparison with the other two more common hydrate structures (sI and sII). This paper investigates the effect of hydrogen (H2) concentration on the phase equilibria of sH hydrate in a quaternary system of water, methane, hydrogen, and methylcyclohexane. Phase equilibria and cage occupancies of the quaternary system were predicted using the van der Waals and Platteeuw (vdWP) model for different hydrogen/methane ratios ranging from 0 to 7. Model predictions for the quaternary systems were found to be in good agreement with measured experimental data. It was evident from the thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of the quaternary system (MCH + H2O + CH4 + H2) that as the H2 concentration increases (H2:CH4 ratio increased from 0 to 7), higher pressures are required to produce sH hydrates at the same temperature. It was also found that the fractional cage occupancy of CH4 in the small and medium cages of sH hydrate increases with pressure.
Electric Field Between Contacts of Fast Mechanical Switches Subjected to Fretting Wear (2020)

Fast Mechanical Switches (FMS) are a key component of energy-efficient hybrid circuit breakers for DC applications. Wear of the FMS impacts the performance and life expectancy of the breaker. The surface damage caused by fretting motion can alter the contact surfaces and reduce the voltage withstand capability of the FMS, especially in those that operate at sub-millimeter contact separation. This paper investigates the issue by conducting fretting experiments on copper contacts as a function of current magnitude to obtain surface parameters of the damaged contacts. Random surfaces based on the measured surface parameters are generated in a finite element software package. The electric field between the generated surfaces is obtained using electrostatic field modeling to calculate the probability of electric breakdown in the contact gap. The results are used to understand the potential impact of fretting on the breakdown voltage of FMS.
Fabrication of MgO:LiNbO<sub>3</sub> domain inverted structures with short period and application to electro-optic Bragg deflection modulator (2013)

We fabricated high-quality domain inverted MgO: LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> structures with 3.0 and 2.0 μm period using applying voltage to the corrugation electrode. We found that keeping the crystal temperature at 150°C for 12 hours before applying voltage was effective for obtaining good uniformity. We also demonstrated application to electro-optic Bragg deflection modulator.
Direct comparision of the damage frequency method and binary search technique (2005)

This paper presents a direct comparison of the two main techniques for the determination of laser damage threshold. The two techniques are compared directly to understand the intrinsic biases of each test and what is causing these biases. The comparison is done in terms of accuracy and repeatability of the resulting measurements. It will be shown that under the vast majority of cases the damage frequency method underestimates the true value and has poor repeatability and that the binary search method over estimates the threshold, but is far more repeatable.
Low barrier kinetics: Dependence on observables and free energy surface (2005)

Dynamics on free energy surfaces with high activation barriers are usually treated by few-state kinetics models, yielding characteristic rate coefficients and amplitudes depending on the connectivity of the states. When the barriers are low (< 3 kT), the assumption of instantaneous equilibration of the transition state, and hence, the few-state kinetics treatment, break down. Langevin dynamics is used here to explore the characteristic trends that occur in such cases, as a function of barrier height, number of barriers, dimensionality of the free energy surface, and switching functions that describe how spectroscopic probes vary from reactant to product. The result is a systematic phenomenological description of low barrier kinetics and dynamics.
Real-Time Registration of Rgb-D Image Pair for See-Through System (2018)

This paper presents a dense method of real-time registration of RGB-D image pair. So far, we have proposed the “see-through system”, in which multiple images acquired from RGB-D sensors are integrated to present images that is useful for confirming the shape or the positions of objects behind obstacles. However, errors of positional relation of sensors result in see-through images in which some objects are doubled or appear at incorrect positions. It is difficult to align the images because they are captured from distant viewpoints and there are few shared field of view. In the proposed method, positional relation of two RGB-D sensors is corrected using a new IRLS framework, fast and robust minimization strategy.
Restoring sight with retinal prostheses (2018)

Vision begins when the eye's optical system-the cornea, iris, and crystalline lens-projects an image onto the retina, the thin and nearly transparent sheet of neural tissue that lines the back of the eye (see figure 1). Photoreceptors located at the back of the retina transduce incident photons into neural signals that are relayed to the brain. Those signals form the basis for visual perception. In humans, cone photoreceptors, which number about 6 million, dominate the central region of the visual field and are responsible for color and high-resolution day vision. Rod photoreceptors, which number about 120 million, dominate the periphery and mediate night vision.
An Effective Method for Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Inflow Control Devices (2015)

Horizontal wells are a widely applied architecture in modern field developments. However, because of the frictional pressure drop and reservoir permeability variations along the well, there is usually a non-uniform influx from the reservoir along the length and higher injection or production flow rates at the heel. Inflow control devices (ICDs) have been used for more than a decade to balance or equalize flow rates by creating additional pressure drop. To improve performance and longevity of the ICDs, their design must account for axial non-uniformity of pressure distribution and fluid flow details in the vicinity of the wellbore. This paper discusses an effective approach to the problem and analytical solution of the pressure and flow field near the ICD section of the wellbore and prediction of the leveling of the non-uniform axial pressure distribution as a function of distance from the wellbore. The obtained analytical equations are validated through comparison with results of detailed numerical simulation using the finite difference method.
Improving SMEs business environment using innovative ICT technologies (2008)

The present paper intents to present new developments, based on last generation IT technologies, that offer small and medium enterprises intelligent ecosystems through which they develop their services and products in a well-balanced manner, based on information security, privacy, equal opportunities. Such a system that embeds competitive Web sites, Internet communication, ebusiness, ecommerce is generically named a digital business ecosystem and its functionality is similar to natural ecosystems.
Optical High Content Nanoscopy of Epigenetic Marks Decodes Phenotypic Divergence in Stem Cells (2017)

While distinct stem cell phenotypes follow global changes in chromatin marks, single-cell chromatin technologies are unable to resolve or predict stem cell fates. We propose the first such use of optical high content nanoscopy of histone epigenetic marks (epi-marks) in stem cells to classify emergent cell states. By combining nanoscopy with epi-mark textural image informatics, we developed a novel approach, termed EDICTS (Epi-mark Descriptor Imaging of Cell Transitional States), to discern chromatin organizational changes, demarcate lineage gradations across a range of stem cell types and robustly track lineage restriction kinetics. We demonstrate the utility of EDICTS by predicting the lineage progression of stem cells cultured on biomaterial substrates with graded nanotopographies and mechanical stiffness, thus parsing the role of specific biophysical cues as sensitive epigenetic drivers. We also demonstrate the unique power of EDICTS to resolve cellular states based on epi-marks that cannot be detected via mass spectrometry based methods for quantifying the abundance of histone posttranslational modifications. Overall, EDICTS represents a powerful new methodology to predict single cell lineage decisions by integrating high content super-resolution nanoscopy and imaging informatics of the nuclear organization of epi-marks.
INHIBITION OF THE FAS PATHWAY OF APOPTOSIS WITH RNA INTERFERENCE DURING LIVER MACHINE PERFUSION PRESERVATION REDUCES ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2020)

Background: Severe ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), which is associated with hepatocyte apoptosis, limits the use of extended criteria donors (ECD) in liver transplantation (LT). Machine perfusion (MP) is a promising technology for administering specific therapies to improve graft function. Inhibition of genes associated with apoptosis during MP could decrease the intensity of IRI post-LT. Aim: We attempted to investigate whether inhibition of an apoptosis-associated gene (FAS) using a small interference RNA approach could alleviate the IRI in a rat LT model. Methods: In two sets of syngeneic rat liver transplant experiments FAS-siRNA (500ug) was administered either to rat donors 2hs before organ procurement followed by a static cold storage (SCS) period of 22hs to intensity IRI effects or was added to the perfusate during 1h of ex situ hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) to livers previously preserved for 4hs in SCS. Liver tissue and serum samples were collected at 24hs post-LT. Results: Post-LT transaminases levels (AST) were lower in the siRNA-SCS (979±117 x 1914±229IU/L p=0.0005)(Fig.1) and siRNA-HOPE (Fig. 2) (810±72 x 1041±262IU/L p=NS) groups. Inflammatory cytokines (IL2, IL6, IP10, TNFα, and IFNγ) were significantly decreased in siRNA-SCS group. In addition, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4, IL10) were increased in the siRNA-HOPE group. Apoptosis index (TUNEL+ cells) was lower in siRNA-SCS (13±3.7 x 44±15IU/L p=0.023) and siRNA-HOPE (47±10 x 74±12IU/L p=0.056) groups, which was associated with less necrosis in histological analyses. Hepatocyte siRNA uptake was confirmed by confocal microscopy (Fig. 3). Finally, FAS-protein expression was decreased in siRNA-treated groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest that inhibition of FAS through siRNA therapy decreases apoptosis, inflammation and the severity of IRI. In addition, treatment with FAS siRNA during MP seems to induce anti-inflammatory pathways. This approach can be used to optimize ECD liver grafts function and has the potential to improve outcomes and increase the pool of transplantable livers.Fig. 1.Fig. 2.
Rheology of Perfluorinated Polyether-based MR Fluids with Nanoparticles (2010)

Motivated by the use of magneto-rheological (MR) technology in prosthetic devices, the goal of this study is to develop a MR fluid composition that is tailored for the requirements of a prosthetic knee actuator. A MR fluid composition is sought with a suitable balance between the field-induced shear stress, the off-state viscosity, and sedimentation stability for the proposed application. Rheological characteristics are investigated for samples with monodisperse micron-sized particles and bidisperse fluids with a mixture of micron- and nanosized particles. Two types of nanosized particles are used. All fluid samples employ a novel perfluorinated polyether oil as carrier liquid which enhances stability. The samples are investigated with respect to both field-induced and off-state characteristics. The results are compared to analytical and empirical models that exist in the literature. The monodisperse fluids are shown to give a favorable trade-off between field-induced strength and off-state viscosity. The addition of a small concentration of nanoparticles is found to moderately increase the field-induced shear-yield stress. However, for a larger concentration of nanoparticles, the yield stress begins to decrease. Nanoparticles exhibit an undesirable effect on the off-state viscosity. The results reveal valuable information for the designers of MR fluids and designers of prosthetic actuators.
A conserved motif suggests a common origin for a group of proteins involved in the cell division of Gram-positive bacteria (2023)

DivIVA, GpsB, FilP, and Scy are all involved in bacterial cell division. They have been reported to interact with each other, and although they have been the subject of considerable research interest, not much is known about the molecular basis for their biological activity. Although they show great variability in taxonomic occurrence, phenotypic profile, and molecular properties, we find that they nevertheless share a conserved N-terminal sequence motif, which points to a common evolutionary origin. The motif always occurs N-terminally to a coiled-coil helix that mediates dimerization. We define the motif and coiled coil jointly as a new domain, which we name DivIVA-like. In a large-scale survey of this domain in the protein sequence database, we identify a new family of proteins potentially involved in cell division, whose members, unlike all other DivIVA-like proteins, have between 2 and 8 copies of the domain in tandem. AlphaFold models indicate that the domains in these proteins assemble within a single chain, therefore not mediating dimerization.
Surface Recombination and Collection Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells from Impedance Analysis (2016)

The large diffusion lengths recurrently measured in perovskite single crystals and films signal small bulk nonradiative recombination flux and locate the dominant carrier recombination processes at the outer interfaces. Surface recombination largely determines the photovoltaic performance, governing reductions under short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage. Quantification of recombination losses is necessary to reach full understanding of the solar cell operating principles. Complete impedance model is given, which connects capacitive and resistive processes to the electronic kinetics at the interfaces. Carrier collection losses affecting the photocurrent have been determined to equal 1%. Photovoltage loss is linked to the decrease in surface hole density, producing 0.3 V reduction with respect to the ideal radiative limit. Our approach enables a comparison among different structures, morphologies, and processing strategies of passivation and buffer layers.
Wireless Multifrequency Feature Set to Simplify Human 3-D Pose Estimation (2019)

We present a multifrequency feature set to detect driver's three-dimensional (3-D) head and torso movements from fluctuations in the radio frequency channel due to body movements. Current features used for movement detection are based on the time-of-flight, received signal strength, and channel state information and come with the limitations of coarse tracking, sensitivity toward multipath effects, and handling corrupted phase data, respectively. There is no standalone feature set that accurately detects small and large movements and determines the direction in 3-D space. We resolve this problem by using two radio signals at widely separated frequencies in a monostatic configuration. By combining information about displacement, velocity, and direction of movements derived from the Doppler effect at each frequency, we expand the number of existing features. We separate pitch, roll, and yaw movements of head from torso and arm. The extracted feature set is used to train a K-Nearest Neighbor classification algorithm, which could provide behavioral awareness to cars while being less invasive as compared to camera-based systems. The training results on data from four participants reveal that the classification accuracy is 77.4% at 1.8 GHz, it is 87.4% at 30 GHz, and multifrequency feature set improves the accuracy to 92%.
Optimizing Run Control Performance in Tissue-Based Biomarker Testing: Experience of an Industry-Based CAP/CLIA Laboratory (2021)

Abstract Introduction/Objective Introduction: In contrast to traditional labs, our CAP/CLIA Lab performs patient sample testing only for pharma-sponsored clinical trials. Very limited patient material is received, usually in the form of unstained slides rather than wet tissues. Strict run control (RC) quality measures are therefore essential to avoid repeat testing, exhaustion of patient material and/or delay of patient enrollment decisions. We describe methods to optimize RC staining performance and consistency. Methods/Case Report Methods: The RC failure rate was evaluated retrospectively and prospectively from January 2018 through March 2021. Specific failure modes were evaluated, including: 1) instrument-related (catastrophic mechanical failure, slide derailment, low temperature error), 2) stain-related (lighter or darker staining vs. reference), 3) tissue-related (tissue loss/fall-off). RC failures were also tracked by instrument and by individual biomarker. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Results: 33,189 patient samples (84,130 slides) were tested from January 2018 through March 2021. Concurrently, 14,794 RC slides were tested across more than 115 biomarkers, including immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence, and in situ hybridization assays. The RC failure rates by year were: 2018: 3.2 % (116 RCs), 2019: 3.8% (156 RCs), 2020: 1.9% (100 RCs), and 2021 (through March) 1.3% (21 RCs). The decrease in RC failure rate was a direct result of process changes addressing each of the failure modes, including, but not limited to: 1) improvement in slide storage conditions, 2) more selective RC tissue selection, and 3) more consistent interaction with on-site instrument support. Conclusion Process improvements addressing pre-analytic and analytic RC failure modes have resulted in a year-over-year decrease in RC failures. Consequently, our first-pass rates for immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence multiplex, and in-situ hybridization testing of patient samples have increased. Close monitoring of RC failure rates and near-real-time troubleshooting of individual RC failures are important components of successful operation in our unique laboratory setting, where patient material for testing is limited.
Change of Renal Parenchymal Width in Patients with Unilateral Ureteral Stent: A Bicenter Retrospective Study (2017)

For unilateral ureteral obstruction, kidney size was decreased over time in spite of indwelling ureteral stent. This finding can be overlooked by clinicians due to compensatory growth of contralateral kidney and resultant normal eGFR.