gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sharing across Multiple MapReduce Jobs (2014)

Large-scale data analysis lies in the core of modern enterprises and scientific research. With the emergence of cloud computing, the use of an analytical query processing infrastructure can be directly associated with monetary cost. MapReduce has been a popular framework in the context of cloud computing, designed to serve long-running queries (jobs) which can be processed in batch mode. Taking into account that different jobs often perform similar work, there are many opportunities for sharing. In principle, sharing similar work reduces the overall amount of work, which can lead to reducing monetary charges for utilizing the processing infrastructure. In this article we present a sharing framework tailored to MapReduce, namely, &lt;tt&gt;MRShare&lt;/tt&gt;. Our framework, &lt;tt&gt;MRShare&lt;/tt&gt;, transforms a batch of queries into a new batch that will be executed more efficiently, by merging jobs into groups and evaluating each group as a single query. Based on our cost model for MapReduce, we define an optimization problem and we provide a solution that derives the optimal grouping of queries. Given the query grouping, we merge jobs appropriately and submit them to MapReduce for processing. A key property of &lt;tt&gt;MRShare&lt;/tt&gt; is that it is independent of the MapReduce implementation. Experiments with our prototype, built on top of Hadoop, demonstrate the overall effectiveness of our approach. &lt;tt&gt;MRShare&lt;/tt&gt; is primarily designed for handling I/O-intensive queries. However, with the development of high-level languages operating on top of MapReduce, user queries executed in this model become more complex and CPU intensive. Commonly, executed queries can be modeled as evaluating pipelines of CPU-expensive filters over the input stream. Examples of such filters include, but are not limited to, index probes, or certain types of joins. In this article we adapt some of the standard techniques for filter ordering used in relational and stream databases, propose their extensions, and implement them through &lt;tt&gt;MRAdaptiveFilter&lt;/tt&gt;, an extension of &lt;tt&gt;MRShare&lt;/tt&gt; for expensive filter ordering tailored to MapReduce, which allows one to handle both single- and batch-query execution modes. We present an experimental evaluation that demonstrates additional benefits of &lt;tt&gt;MRAdaptiveFilter&lt;/tt&gt;, when executing CPU-intensive queries in &lt;tt&gt;MRShare&lt;/tt&gt;.
Capital Accumulation and the Local Economy : Brewers and Local Notables (2004)

This essay focuses on the holders of accumulated capital in the brewing industry to examine the characteristics of the capital accumulation process and the connection between accumulated capital and the start of Japan's industrialisation in Meiji period. The characteristic feature of brewing as a so-called "traditional industry" was that individual entrepreneurs accumulated a relatively large amount of capital and labour. The multi-layered structure of the brewing industry, with large-sized brewers selling to urban markets and small and medium-sized producers supplying areas outside the cities, resulted in this feature and formed a necessary condition for the investment activities of brewers. According to the examination of historical materials on particular brewery businesses [the Hamaguchi family and the Sekiguchi family], the brewers dared to invest their capital locally - in areas where they maintained close relationships. Capital accumulation in "traditional" industries was thus linked to the emergence of modern enterprises, and this linkage was supported by a regional community in which "traditional capitalists"' acted as "local notables" as much as entrepreneurs. The investment activities rooted in the regional community were the hidden driving force in initiating Japan's industrial revolution and full-scale industrialisation.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 22/2016 (2016)

Back Cover: Solventless ring opening polymerization of norbornene over a well-defined supported tungsten oxo catalysts, the model of industrial catalyst, is successfully carried out. The accuracy of the narrow molecular weight distribution measurements by size-exclusion chromatography are crosschecked by 1H liquid state NMR. Further details can be found in the article by C. Larabi,* K. C. Szeto, Y. Bouhoute, M. O. Charlin, N. Merle, A. De Mallmann, R. M. Gauvin, L. Delevoye, and M. Taoufik* on page 1832.
Curved detectors developments and characterization: application to astronomical instruments (2018)

Many astronomical optical systems have the disadvantage of generating curved focal planes requiring flattening optical elements to project the corrected image on flat detectors. The use of these designs in combination with a classical flat sensor implies an overall degradation of throughput and system performances to obtain the proper corrected image. With the recent development of curved sensor this can be avoided. This new technology has been gathering more and more attention from a very broad community, as the potential applications are multiple: from low-cost commercial to high impact scientific systems, to mass-market and on board cameras, defense and security, and astronomical community. We describe here the first concave curved CMOS detector developed within a collaboration between CNRS- LAM and CEA-LETI. This fully-functional detector 20 Mpix (CMOSIS CMV20000) has been curved down to a radius of Rc = 150 mm over a size of 24x32 mm^2 . We present here the methodology adopted for its characterization and describe in detail all the results obtained. We also discuss the main components of noise, such as the readout noise, the fixed pattern noise and the dark current. Finally we provide a comparison with the flat version of the same sensor in order to establish the impact of the curving process on the main characteristics of the sensor.
Resonant drive: sense and high voltage electrostatic drive using single mems capacitor and low voltage electronics (2005)

This paper describes the resonant drive technique that eliminates the need for high voltage integrated circuits (IC) in MEMS drive electronics. Resonant drive also offers a versatile solution for position sense and generates the sense signal using a single drive capacitor. Resonant drive uses the fact that the voltage across the capacitor of a series LC tank can be much higher than the input signal driving the tank. The amplification is maximum at resonance and equal to the quality factor (Q). The tank circuit consists of an external inductor and the MEMS drive capacitor. Since the input signal is amplified through the tank, low voltage electronics can fully implement the drive function. As the actuator gap closes, resonance frequency of the tank decreases. This frequency shift is used for measuring the position. Resonant drive has been successfully demonstrated using torsional MEMS mirrors that require 100V for 20 deg-optical rotation. The LC tank (Q of 15) was formed by using a 390/spl mu/H inductor. All drive and sense circuits were built using only 10V CMOS parts.
Dynamic Response of Reflectivity of Metal/GeS2 Systems during Laser Irradiation in Nanosecond Range. (2001)

We constructed an equipment for measuring rapid changes in reflectivity of optical recording materials on test pieces during recording laser irradiation, which is very important in a development of these kinds of materials, with a time resolution less than 10 ns. Using this equipment, we examined the metal/GeS2 systems in the performance as recording materials for Write Once Read Many (WORM) optical disks. Seven kinds of metals were tested. Differences in the profiles of the reflectivity changes during the laser irradiation were clearly elucidated depending on the metal layer materials. In/GeS2 and Sn-Bi/GeS2 (Sn-Bi:Sn-57wt%Bi eutectic alloy) samples showed the most rapid decreases in the reflectivity with low laser power absorbed in the samples. These results suggest that In/GeS2 and Sn-Bi/GeS2 are promising for the WORM optical recording material with high sensitivity and high recording speed.
An unusual cardiac consequence of pancreatitis (1986)

Journal Article An unusual cardiac consequence of pancreatitis Get access R. W. KERWIN, R. W. KERWIN Department of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane Road, London W12, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. J. DAVIES, G. J. DAVIES Department of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane Road, London W12, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. WESTABY, S. WESTABY Department of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane Road, London W12, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. FOALE R. FOALE Department of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane Road, London W12, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 7, Issue 2, February 1986, Pages 176–178, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062042 Published: 01 February 1986 Article history Received: 15 April 1985 Revision received: 30 August 1985 Published: 01 February 1986
Radioactive probe studies of coordination modes of heavy metal ions from natural waters to functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (2011)

We propose to use PAC, Perturbed Angular Correlations, to study the local environment of ionic species (Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ ) coordinated on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Studies include the analysis of different nanoparticles sizes (30-100nm), and the monitoring of time/steps dependence of the coordination of those cations at the nanoparticles surfaces. Combined with theoretical calculations, the obtained data will support the understanding of local coordination modes, which is essential to help to improve methods of magnetically assisted separation of such hazardous contaminants from water. Requested shifts: 16 shifts, (split into 6 runs over 2 years)
Formation control of multi-agent systems with double integrator dynamics using delayed static output feedback (2011)

In this paper a network of vehicles moving in a two dimensional plane, described by double integrator dynamics, is stabilized by a novel distributed control methodology, to maintain a formation. The distributed control architecture employs static output feedback using an artificial delay. Delays in communication of the relative information are exploited to stabilize the network system using state output feedback of position information only. The synthesis of the controller gains and the level of artificial delay, is posed as an optimization problem subject to the feasibility of a set of Linear Matrix Inequalities based on a discretized Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional.
Microsatellite instability in sporadic human breast cancers (1996)

Human breast-cancer specimens from 100 patients were analyzed for microsatellite instability (referred to as replication error; RER) at 12 genomic loci on 7 chromosomes, and results were correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics. In 42 of 100 breast-cancer patients, we investigated whether RER was associated with the amplification of oncogenes and/or suppression of tumor-suppressor genes. Of the 100 patients, 8 (8%) were RER-positive at one or more chromosomal loci. The majority of RER-positive patients had early-stage disease with ER-positive tumors, suggesting that RER occurs early in breast tumorigenesis. However, no significant correlation was observed between RER and oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes. Thus, the mechanism of RER in sporadic human breast cancer may be independent of the multi-step carcinogenesis caused by the alterations of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes.
Emergent Quantum State Designs from Individual Many-Body Wave Functions (2023)

A new perspective on the emergence of statistical behavior in chaotic quantum many-body systems is presented, establishing projected ensembles as a relevant tool for the characterization of information-theoretic properties.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Approach to the Preparation of Chiral Sulfones by Ir‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. (2015)

Abstract The scalable hydrogenation of vinylic, allylic, and homoallylic sulfones is investigated with the conversion of the E‐isomers being faster than the one of Z‐isomers while delivering opposite enantiomers.
Observation of sphere resonance peak in ferromagnetic GaN:Mn (2003)

We report temperature-dependent optical spectra of ferromagnetic Mn-doped GaN in a wide photon energy region of 5 meV–4 eV. Below the GaN gap, an absorption peak around 1.25 eV whose intensity increases at lower temperatures was observed. A composite medium theory, called the Maxwell–Garnett theory, shows that the absorption peak can be assigned to a sphere resonance from metallic particles embedded in a Mn-doped GaN matrix. We also report that the far-infrared absorption of Mn-doped GaN sample was very small. This result suggests that itinerant carrier-mediated ferromagnetism does not fully explain the observed magnetic properties.
Mammographic, MRI, and ultrasound characteristics of <i>BRCA1</i>, <i>BRCA2</i>, and other genetically high-risk women enrolled in a prospective multi-institution breast cancer screening trial (2004)

9588 Background: Small retrospective studies suggest that BRCA1 carriers with breast cancer have higher breast density than women with sporadic breast cancer. Studies are examining the role of mammography, MRI and ultrasound (US) in genetically high risk women, however little data exist on the appearance of the breast by these imaging modalities in this population. Methods: We conducted a multi-institution prospective study of mammography, MRI and US in women ≥ 25 yrs old who were high risk defined as BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers, or close relative (1st or 2nd degree) of a carrier, or multiple close relatives in same lineage with breast or ovarian cancer. Women were eligible if they were unaffected with cancer or had localized breast cancer but had completed adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy at least 6 months prior to study entry and had a normal breast exam. All 3 imaging modalities were performed within 90 days of each other. Results: A total of 195 women were enrolled in this study over a 6 month period of which 190 were eligible. 171 completed all study exams. This included 41 BRCA1 and 39 BRCA2 carriers. The imaging characteristics are summarized in the table below. The only significant difference noted was in breast density. After controlling for menopausal status, BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers had fewer women with extremely dense breasts than other high risk women (p=0.03). Conclusion: Our prospective study is the first to report results of the characteristics of multiple imaging modalities in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers and other genetically high risk women. Our findings suggest that fewer BRCA1/2 carriers have extremely dense breasts than other genetically high risk women. No other significant differences in imaging characteristics were noted. (Supported by NCI U24 CA78146–01 and UO1 CA74680) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Investigation of floating-point round-off errors within time-domain electromagnetic field computations (2002)

We present an investigation of floating-point round-off errors within time-domain electromagnetic field computations. Our eventual goal is to determine the minimal computational requirements for the successful implementation of algorithms for computational electromagnetics. Here, we specifically investigate these errors with respect to the Symmetric Condensed Node (SCN) Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) algorithm. Simulations are performed using the IEEE standard for single-precision floating-point arithmetic. An artificial truncation operation is added to an otherwise normal SCN-TLM code. The artificial truncation operation lowers the effective precision of the computation. We study the effect of this truncation operation in terms of the resultant stability and accuracy.
El papel de las grandes potencias en los conflictos actuales (2016)

espanolLa eficacia del Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas como instrumento basico de la comunidad internacional para evitar la escalada de los conflictos e incluso imponer si fuera necesario, la paz, se ve limitada por el veto que imponen principalmente Rusia y China en un renovado enfrentamiento global o regional por el liderazgo politico economico e incluso militar. El enfrentamiento de la politica exterior de EE.UU., Rusia y China dificulta la aprobacion de resoluciones del Consejo para pacificar conflictos, en zonas de disputa de liderazgo, como es el caso de Siria donde confluyen el liderazgo de China, EE.UU. e incluso Rusia. EnglishThe effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council as a basic instrument of the international community to prevent the escalation of conflicts and even impose peace if necessary, is limited by the use of the veto by Russia and China mainly in a renewed global or regional political leadership for economic and even military confrontation. The confrontation of the foreign policies of the US, Russia and China hampers the adoption of Council resolutions to pacify conflicts, when they are located in areas of dispute leadership, as in the case of Syria between the US and Russia or the Far East confluence leaderships of China, the US and even Russia.
Quantitative Analysis of Plasmonic Metal Oxide Nanocrystal Ensembles Reveals the Influence of Dopant Selection on Intrinsic Optoelectronic Properties (2021)

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) arising from free charge carriers in doped metal oxide nanocrystals (NCs) has attracted abundant attention in the past decade for its potential in applications such as electrochromics, sensing, and photothermal therapy. While a lot is already known about the LSPR of doped metal oxide NCs, there is still much to learn about the effect of dopant identity on the electronic structure of the host and, in particular, the effect on surface depletion layers. Here, using indium oxide as the host lattice, we discuss the contribution of a dopant to the electronic structure and rationalize an empirical understanding on how a particular dopant can impact surface depletion, carrier concentration, and carrier damping in doped metal oxide NCs. To do this, we leverage a slow-injection synthesis to incorporate four different dopants (Sn, Zr, Ti, and Ce) in indium oxide NCs. For each dopant, we synthesized NCs with different radius but the similar nominal doping level (∼1 atom %) and measured the optical response of dilute dispersions. This allowed us to deconvolute the effects of size and doping identity on LSPR. By fitting their plasmonic response to the heterogeneous ensemble Drude approximation, we extracted intrinsic electronic properties of the NCs such as surface depletion layer thickness, carrier concentration, and carrier damping and rationalized the influence of dopant selection on each parameter. We find that the identity of the dopant does not have a significant impact on the extent of the depletion layer but it does impact carrier concentration and damping. In general, dopants with a greater electropositivity, similar radius to the host atom, and a stable aliovalent oxidation state will have higher dopant activation, lower damping, and higher optical extinction. This study employs a broad sample set to empirically illustrate the effect of dopant identity on LSPR of doped metal oxide NCs and this new understanding will facilitate their implementation in different applications.
A visual exploration apparatus for infant monkeys (1986)

An apparatus was constructed to study visual exploration in infant rhesus macaques. It consisted of an enclosed two-chamber box with a peephole at each end. The floor was made of stainless steel bars, and the walls and top were made of Plexiglas covered with Masonite. The peepholes were recessed in alcoves. An infrared photobeam crossed the alcoves in front of each peephole so that whenever the monkey looked out its head broke the photobeam. Slides of complex scenes were projected on back-lit frosted plexiglas screens. The monkey's position in the box was monitored by its resistance across the floor bars. Whenever the monkey went from one side of the box to the other, a new slide was projected on the side just entered. The session progressed until either 40 slides had been displayed on each side or 30 minutes had elapsed. The primary behavioral measures taken were session length, number of slides displayed, time spent looking, number of looks, and time spent looking at the first slide on each side. Serveral other performance measures were derived from these basic measures: time looked/slide, number of looks/slide, and average length of look (time looked/number of looks). The monkeys readily performed in this apparatus, looking out through the peepholes for an average of about 14% of each session with attentional episodes of just under 3 seconds. This apparatus has proven useful for automatically measuring visual exploration behavior in infant monkeys and can be readily adapted for use in many types of studies.
Biomimetische Photosysteme zur sakrifiziellen Wasserreduktion / Novel Biomimetic Systems for Visible Light Induced Water Reduction (1993)

Novel microheterogeneous systems for the direct photoreduction of water using visible light in analogy to the photochemical reaction center of Rhodopseudomonas viridis are described in detail. These physical model systems for photosynthesis feature the recently synthesized bisheteroleptic metal complexes [Ru(bpy) 2 (PP)]Cl 2 , [Ru(bpy) 2 (PPB)]Cl 2 , [Ru(bpy) 2 (PPB-pCl)]Cl 2 and [Ru(bpy) 3 ]Cl 2 , adsorbed on a negatively charged SiO 2 —TiO 2 -colloid, the zwitterionic electron relay PVS and a long-term stable and highly efficient TiO 2 —Pt-“antenna” catalyst as well as TEOA as sacrificial electron donor. Evidence for the directed absorption of the sensitizers on the SiO 2 —TiO 2 -colloid is taken from UV-VIS-measurements, steady-state luminescence-spectroscopy and the quantum yields for PVS-reduction. The hydrogen production in the presence of the SiO 2 —TiO 2 -colloid is clearly enhanced and proofs the validity of the underlying concept of physical model systems for photosynthesis.