gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Robust image communication using subband coding and multilevel modulation&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

Visual communication systems can exploit the advantages of analog transmission and digital compression: Analog transmission allows the quality of the recovered data to vary gracefully as the channel conditions vary, whereas digital compression allows for powerful data reduction. In this paper, a system optimized for bandwidth- and power-limited channels which combines analog and digital communication principles is proposed. The system achieves a high bandwidth compression efficiency by combining subband signal decomposition and dynamic bandwidth allocation with 81-PAM transmission. Furthermore, graceful degradation is obtained by finding mappings from the subband samples to the channel space which minimize the impact of channel errors in the reconstructed signal. The optimized mapping system outperforms a conventional system using random mappings. In addition, it is shown that the proposed system performs better, in a rate-distortion sense for a given channel signal- to-noise ratio, than a similar subband system using conventional bit allocation, optimized mappings, and 64-PAM. A novel definition for measuring system efficiency, based on comparisons to pure analog PAM transmission, is used to evaluate the proposed system. The ideas presented in this paper can be used for future terrestrial TV broadcasting and mobile communication systems.
Layer-controlled epitaxy of 2D semiconductors: bridging nanoscale phenomena to wafer-scale uniformity (2018)

The rapid cadence of MOSFET scaling is stimulating the development of new technologies and accelerating the introduction of new semiconducting materials as silicon alternative. In this context, 2D materials with a unique layered structure have attracted tremendous interest in recent years, mainly motivated by their ultra-thin body nature and unique optoelectronic and mechanical properties. The development of scalable synthesis techniques is obviously a fundamental step towards the development of a manufacturable technology. Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition has recently been used for the synthesis of large area TMDs, however, an important milestone still needs to be achieved: the ability to precisely control the number of layers and surface uniformity at the nano-to micro-length scale to obtain an atomically flat, self-passivated surface. In this work, we explore various fundamental aspects involved in the chemical vapor deposition process and we provide important insights on the layer-dependence of epitaxial MoS<sub>2</sub> film's structural properties. Based on these observations, we propose an original method to achieve a layer-controlled epitaxy of wafer-scale TMDs.
Thermosensitive Liposomes (2017)

Thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) are a drug delivery system for targeted delivery that release the encapsulated drug when heated to fever temperatures (∼40–42°C). Combined with localized hyperthermia, TSLs allow precise drug delivery to a targeted region. While mostly investigated as cancer therapy, other applications including treatment of local infections and wound healing have been explored. Over the last ∼40 years, numerous TSL formulations and payloads have been investigated. As with other nanoparticles, the addition of targeting molecules to TSL has been examined to improve targeted delivery. TSL release kinetics and plasma stability are two important factors that affect efficacy, and new formulations often aim to further improve on these properties. The possibility of encapsulating a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent that is released together with the encapsulated drug allows for visualization of drug delivery with MR imaging. Various heating modalities have been examined in combination with TSL. Since the goal is to expose a defined tissue region to uniform temperatures within the range where TSLs release (typically ∼40–43°C), the choice of an appropriate heating modality has considerable impact on treatment efficacy. Several ongoing clinical trials with TSL as cancer therapy suggest the potential for clinical impact in the near future.
On multimedia repositories, personal computers, and hierarchical storage systems (1994)

The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of personal computers at homes, businesses, classrooms, libraries, etc. Most often, these systems are used to disseminate information. Recently, multimedia repositories have added to the excitement of this information age by allowing a user to retrieve and manipulate continuous media data types (audio and video objects). The design and implementation of these systems is challenging due to both the large size of objects that constitute this media type and their continuous bandwidth requirement. Compression in combination with the availability of fast CPUs (for real-time decompression) provide effective support for a continuous display of those objects with high bandwidth requirement. Hierarchical storage structures (consisting of RAM, disk and tertiary storage devices) provide a cost-effective solution for the large size of their repositories. The focus of this study is on personal computers (single user, single display) that employ fast CPUs, compression and hierarchical storage structures to support multimedia applications. Its goals are to ensure a continuous display of audio and video objects while minimizing the latency time observed by the user. Its contributions include a novel pipelining mechanism and PIRATE as a technique to manage the disk resident objects.
Locomotor-Like Leg Movements Evoked by Rhythmic Arm Movements in Humans (2014)

Motion of the upper limbs is often coupled to that of the lower limbs in human bipedal locomotion. It is unclear, however, whether the functional coupling between upper and lower limbs is bi-directional, i.e. whether arm movements can affect the lumbosacral locomotor circuitry. Here we tested the effects of voluntary rhythmic arm movements on the lower limbs. Participants lay horizontally on their side with each leg suspended in an unloading exoskeleton. They moved their arms on an overhead treadmill as if they walked on their hands. Hand-walking in the antero-posterior direction resulted in significant locomotor-like movements of the legs in 58% of the participants. We further investigated quantitatively the responses in a subset of the responsive subjects. We found that the electromyographic (EMG) activity of proximal leg muscles was modulated over each cycle with a timing similar to that of normal locomotion. The frequency of kinematic and EMG oscillations in the legs typically differed from that of arm oscillations. The effect of hand-walking was direction specific since medio-lateral arm movements did not evoke appreciably leg air-stepping. Using externally imposed trunk movements and biomechanical modelling, we ruled out that the leg movements associated with hand-walking were mainly due to the mechanical transmission of trunk oscillations. EMG activity in hamstring muscles associated with hand-walking often continued when the leg movements were transiently blocked by the experimenter or following the termination of arm movements. The present results reinforce the idea that there exists a functional neural coupling between arm and legs.
Understanding current flow in Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation: A Computational Study (2020)

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) involves the application of electrical current through electrodes placed exclusively at the mastoids or in combination with electrodes placed on other regions. It is a simple, safe modality to modulate and probe vestibular function. Despite a long history of use, it continues to be primarily used as a research tool with no fully developed therapeutic use. This is partly due to the fact that to further advance this technique, a better understanding of what structures are stimulated and by how much is needed. While models have been proposed to explain response, cellular and structural substrates confirmed empirically, the exact current flow pattern has not been investigated.The goal of this study is to therefore determine current flow patterns in GVS. In order to do so, we developed the first ultrahigh-resolution finite element model of GVS incorporating the tiny structures of interest in the inner ear. We simulated the Bilateral-Bipolar, Bilateral-Monopolar, and the Unilateral-Monopolar configurations. Specifically, we generated surface electric field magnitude plots for the brain and for structures considered most relevant to GVS mechanism of action- the semi-circular canals (SCC) and the otolith.Findings show that the Bilateral-Bipolar configuration results in the most spatially restricted flow while the Unilateral-Monopolar configuration results in the most diffuse. With respect to SCC and the otolith, both Bilateral-Bipolar and Bilateral-Monopolar configurations led to similar flow in both the left and right pairs. For the Unilateral-Monopolar configuration, we observed increased flow in the left pair.We expect via this first model developed for GVS, researchers investigating this technique to have a better understanding of the effects of different configurations. Anatomically detailed models like these may also help understand the mechanism of action and may guide the rational design of future GVS administration.
Mn<sub>8</sub>Cluster with Ferrocene-1,1′-Dicarboxylate Ligation: Single-Molecule Magnetism with Multiple External Redox Centers (2013)

The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties are reported of a new Mn8 cluster obtained from the reaction of ferrocene-1,1'-dicarboxylic acid (fdcH2) with [Mn12O12(O2CMe)16(H2O)4] and mononuclear Mn salts under different conditions and limited light exposure. The product was obtained in two forms: [Mn8O4(fdc)6(DMF)2(H2O)2] (1) and [Mn8O4(fdc)6(DMF)4] (2), differing in the bound solvent ligands. The structures are otherwise almost identical, comprising very similar cores that both contain 4Mn(III) and 4Mn(II) atoms bridged by four O(2-) ions and six fdc(2-) groups. The [Mn(III)4Mn(II)4(μ4-O)4] cores have virtual Td symmetry and can be described as a central [Mn(III)4(μ4-O)4](4+) cubane unit whose four O(2-) ions are μ4, because they each attach to an external Mn(II) atom. Peripheral ligation about the core is provided by six bridging fdc(2-) groups and the terminal solvent ligands, one each on the Mn(II) atoms. The differences in solvent ligands between 1 and 2, and different packing from the different crystal space groups, lead to significant differences in metric parameters within the core, which are reflected in significantly different magnetic properties. Variable-temperature, solid-state dc and ac susceptibility measurements reveal the clusters to be predominantly antiferromagnetically coupled, and to possess ground state spin values of S = 5 and S = 2 for 1 and 2, respectively. The difference in ground states is assigned to the small but distinct structural differences seen in the central cubane. Alternating current (AC) susceptibility data indicate 1 and 2 to be new single-molecule magnet, and this was confirmed by magnetization versus direct current (DC) field scans on a single crystal of 1·4DMF·4H2O, which exhibited hysteresis.
Influenza vaccine hesitancy in a low-income community in central New York State (2014)

IV misperceptions regarding IV efficacy and safety result in suboptimal vaccine uptake in this low-income community, regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity.
VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR AND STRUCTURAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF LOW-MELTING-POINT THERMOPLASTIC FUEL FOR HYBRID ROCKETS (2021)

In this study, the structural feasibility of a low-melting-point thermoplastic (LT) fuel for hybrid rockets was evaluated by finite element method (FEM) analysis. LT fuel has excellent mechanical and adhesive properties as well as a high regression rate compared to conventional hybrid rocket fuel. The viscoelastic behavior of LT fuel was obtained by a tensile test, and FEM analysis was conducted based on the viscoelastic behavior. FEM analysis conditions assumed the storage at one-month, static firing test and flight conditions. As a result, an index for the structural design of LT fuel grains was obtained from the failure envelope. The relaxation modulus of LT fuel can be evaluated using time-temperature superposition. A comparison of the FEM analysis results and the failure envelope indicates that LT fuel is not failed under the conditions of this study. By storing the fuel horizontally at room temperature, the amount of deformation in the radial direction was minimized. In static firing test conditions, the motor direction did not affect the analysis results. There was no significant difference in the fuel deformation and stress between the combustion experiment and the flight environment. The effect of the acceleration of the 10 g flight on the fuel shape was small. Fuel adhesion did not fail under the conditions of this study. The only difference between the FEM analysis results in the ground combustion test and the flight test environment is that the maximum axial deformation is 5.1% different. A structural design method that considers the viscoelasticity and adhesiveness of low-melting-point hybrid rocket fuel can be established, and this method can be applied to larger engines.
Small genomes: New initiatives in mapping and sequencing. Workshop summary report (1993)

The workshop was held 5--7 July 1993 at the Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology (CARB) and hosted by the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The objective of this workshop was to bring together individuals interested in DNA technologies and to determine the impact of these current and potential improvements of the speed and cost-effectiveness of mapping and sequencing on the planning of future small genome projects. A major goal of the workshop was to spur the collaboration of more diverse groups of scientists working on this topic, and to minimize competitiveness as an inhibitory factor to progress.
Rotavirus capsid VP6 tubular and spherical nanostructures act as local adjuvants when co-delivered with norovirus VLPs (2017)

A subunit protein vaccine candidate based on norovirus (NoV) virus-like particles (VLPs) and rotavirus (RV) VP6 protein against acute childhood gastroenteritis has been proposed recently. RV VP6 forms different oligomeric nanostructures, including tubes and spheres when expressed in vitro, which are highly immunogenic in different animal models. We have shown recently that recombinant VP6 nanotubes have an adjuvant effect on immunogenicity of NoV VLPs in mice. In this study, we investigated if the adjuvant effect is dependent upon a VP6 dose or different VP6 structural assemblies. In addition, local and systemic adjuvant effects as well as requirements for antigen co-delivery and co-localization were studied. The magnitude and functionality of NoV GII.4-specific antibodies and T cell responses were tested in mice immunized with GII.4 VLPs alone or different combinations of VLPs and VP6. A VP6 dose-dependent adjuvant effect on GII.4-specific antibody responses was observed. The adjuvant effect was found to be strictly dependent upon co-administration of NoV GII.4 VLPs and VP6 at the same anatomic site and at the same time. However, the adjuvant effect was not dependent on the types of oligomers used, as both nanotubes and nanospheres exerted adjuvant effect on GII.4-specific antibody generation and, for the first time, T cell immunity. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of VP6 adjuvant effect in vivo and support its use as an adjuvant in a combination NoV and RV vaccine.
Inability of Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pyrosequencing, and Culture of Infected and Uninfected Site Skin Biopsy Specimens to Identify the Cause of Cellulitis (2015)

The bacterial cause of cellulitis cannot be determined by comparing the prevalence and quantity of pathogens from infected and uninfected skin biopsy specimens using current molecular techniques. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was detected but not methicillin-resistant S. aureus or S. pyogenes from cellulitis tissue specimens. For now, optimal treatment will need to be guided by clinical trials. Noninfectious causes should also be explored.
miRNA-193a-5p of p73 controls cisplatin chemoresistance in primary bone tumors (2016)

Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma are the two most common types of Bone Sarcomas, principally localized at the long bones of the extremities and mainly affecting adolescents and young adults. Cisplatin is one of the current options in the therapeutic arsenal of drugs available to cure these aggressive cancers. Unfortunately, chemoresistance against this agent is still a major cause of patient relapse. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular pathways by which these drugs induce cancer cell death, together with a better delineation of the origins of chemoresistance are required to improve the success rate of current treatments. Furthermore, as p53 is frequently mutated in Bone Sarcomas, other pathways in these cancers must mediate drug-induced cell death. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that TAp73β, a p53-family protein, is implicated in Cisplatin-induced apoptosis of Bone Sarcomas’. Furthermore, while acquired resistance developed by cancer cells against such drugs can have multiple origins, it is now well accepted that epigenetic mechanisms involving microRNAs (miRNAs) are one of them. We show that miRNA-193a-5p modulates the viability, the clonogenic capacity and the Cisplatin-induced apoptosis of the Bone Sarcoma cells through inhibition of TAp73β. Collectively, these results shed light on the involvement of miR-193a- 5p in Cisplatin chemoresistance of Bone Sarcomas’, and they open the road to new therapeutic opportunities provided by targeting the miR-193a-5p/TAp73β axis in the context of these malignancies.
Total-Ionizing-Dose Effects on 3-D Sequentially Integrated FDSOI Ring Oscillators (2023)

Total-ionizing-dose (TID) responses are investigated for fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) ring oscillators (ROs) in 3-D architectures. Operational frequencies decrease after irradiation in these devices due primarily to threshold voltage shifts and transconductance degradation due to interface-trap buildup in the pull-up <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MOSFETs. 3-D sequentially integrated FDSOI ROs fabricated in the bottom layer of the 3-D structure show the most significant frequency degradation. The ac-bias irradiation leads to greater shifts than static-bias irradiation in these devices due to enhanced interface-trap buildup. Circuit simulations reinforce the relative importance of transconductance degradation in pull-up <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MOSFETs to the TID response of these ROs.
Innovative QCs for more effective 4D processing (2012)

Time-lapse seismic data have long proved to be valuable datasets for monitoring production and fluid injection in reservoirs. Quality and timing of 4D data deliverables must be in line with challenging production and development deadlines. Reducing the processing turnaround time of monitor surveys is therefore a prime value task. Quality controls (QCs) produced along 4D seismic processing give assurance over the time-lapse data quality improvement. They highlight the non-repeatability resulting from acquisition or processing and guide though the required 4D processing steps. Efficient innovative QCs that allow faster and more straightforward assessment of the 4D signal quality after each processing steps will help with the reduction of processing turnaround. Classical 4D QCs are mostly based on Kragh and Christie's [1] NRMS and predictability (PRED) concepts. They have been the most widely used tools for analyzing 4D repeatability noise. Although routinely used, their output is sometimes not intuitive, they often lack for sensitivity regarding the variations one is willing to observe as detailed by Cantillo (2011) [2]. They offer a large range of possible ambiguous interpretations. We propose novel attributes and innovative QCs to assess 4D data quality. These new attributes and QCs are described as: ▪ SDR: Signal to Distortion Ratio, ▪ SDR vs. NRMS cross plot ▪ NRMS BandPass ▪ NCCP: Noise Characterization Cross Plot, ▪ RPTSC: Relative Phase Difference Time Shift Cube, The use of these QC attributes improves the guidance along the processing steps as well as a better evaluation of the confidence one can have in the data after each step during 4D processing. Thanks to their unambiguous interpretation, these innovative QCs methods have allowed to significantly reduce the processing turnaround of full integrity 4D monitor datasets.
Database-independent Protein Sequencing (DiPS) Enables Full-length de Novo Protein and Antibody Sequence Determination (2017)

Traditional "bottom-up" proteomic approaches use proteolytic digestion, LC-MS/MS, and database searching to elucidate peptide identities and their parent proteins. Protein sequences absent from the database cannot be identified, and even if present in the database, complete sequence coverage is rarely achieved even for the most abundant proteins in the sample. Thus, sequencing of unknown proteins such as antibodies or constituents of metaproteomes remains a challenging problem. To date, there is no available method for full-length protein sequencing, independent of a reference database, in high throughput. Here, we present Database-independent Protein Sequencing, a method for unambiguous, rapid, database-independent, full-length protein sequencing. The method is a novel combination of non-enzymatic, semi-random cleavage of the protein, LC-MS/MS analysis, peptide <i>de novo</i> sequencing, extraction of peptide tags, and their assembly into a consensus sequence using an algorithm named "Peptide Tag Assembler." As proof-of-concept, the method was applied to samples of three known proteins representing three size classes and to a previously un-sequenced, clinically relevant monoclonal antibody. Excluding leucine/isoleucine and glutamic acid/deamidated glutamine ambiguities, end-to-end full-length <i>de novo</i> sequencing was achieved with 99-100% accuracy for all benchmarking proteins and the antibody light chain. Accuracy of the sequenced antibody heavy chain, including the entire variable region, was also 100%, but there was a 23-residue gap in the constant region sequence.
All-solid tellurite microstructured optical fiber with one layer of high-index rods (2013)

A simple all-solid tellurite microstructured optical fiber which has only one layer of high-index rods is proposed and fabricated. The core and cladding are made from the TeO2–ZnO–Na2O–La2O3 glass, and the high-index rods are made from the TeO2–Li2O–WO3–MoO3–Nb2O5 glass.
Controlled movement and suppression of spiral waves in excitable media (1998)

Here we propose mechanisms for controlling the movement and suppression of spiral waves in discrete excitable media. We show that the controlled drift and subsequent annihilation of a spiral wave can be achieved through the combination of two factors: the introduction of small spatial inhomogeneities in the medium and the interaction of the wave with the boundaries of the medium. The inhomogeneities can be introduced in the spatial distribution of the relaxation parameters or in the coupling coefficient of the slow variables of the partial cells making up the medium.
Data Center Management (2015)

In prior chapters we discussed the optimization of the computing infrastructure inside the data center for energy efficiency. However, within the framework of the entire data center, this is only part of the energy story.