gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thoracic Myelopathy Caused by Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum Clinicopathologic Study and Surgical Treatment (1991)

The authors reviewed 14 patients with thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF). The predominant locality of symptomatic OLF was at the thoracolumbar junction, particularly at T10-11 followed by T11-12. At the level of the thickest OLF in each patient, there were three types of OLF from computed tomography and operative findings: a lateral type in 3 patients, diffuse in 8, and thickened nodular in 3. The diagnosis of OLF-related thoracic spinal canal stenosis was best made by enhanced computed tomography. Histologic study revealed that the developmental mode of OLF was mainly endochondral ossification. Numerous fibrocartilaginous cells were found in the increased and swollen collagen fibers forming the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (HLF). Ossification extended along the superficial layer of HLF. The size or extension of OLF was relevant to the corresponding diathesis of spinalhyperostosis. Results of laminectomy for OLF were poor because of the high occurrence of complications early on or later deterioration. Therefore, laminoplasty is recommended as a successful procedure for OLF-related thoracic myelopathy, avoiding further local mechanical stress due to tensile force.
Abstract 4055: First in class multifunctional non classical antifolates inhibits thymidylate synthase and extends survival in pancreatic cancer model (2022)

Abstract Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors are an integral component of chemotherapy regimens for difficult to treat cancer subtypes. Despite initial therapeutic benefit, current inhibitors induce TS overexpression or alter folate transport metabolism feedback pathways that tumor cells exploit for drug resistance. Here we report a small molecule TS inhibitor that exhibits i) enhanced antitumor activity as compared to current fluoropyrimidines and antifolates without inducing TS overexpression, ii) is structurally distinct from classical antifolates, iii) extends survival in a pancreatic tumor mouse model, iv) and is well tolerated with equal efficacy using either intraperitoneal or oral administration. Mechanistically, we confirm the compound is a multifunctional non classical antifolate and through a series of analogues identify structural features allowing direct TS inhibition while also maintaining the ability to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Collectively, this work identifies new non classical antifolate inhibitors that optimize inhibition of thymidylate biosynthesis with a favorable safety profile highlighting potential for enhanced cancer therapy. Citation Format: Maria V. Guijarro, Patrick C. Kellish, Peter E. Dib, Nicholas G. Paciaroni, Akbar Nawab, Jacob Andring, Lidia Kulemina, Nicholas V. Borrero, Carlos Modenutti, Richard L. Bennett, Daniil Shabashvili, Jonathan D. Licht, Robert McKenna, Adrian Roitberg, Robert W. Huigens, Frederic J. Kaye, Maria Zajac-Kaye. First in class multifunctional non classical antifolates inhibits thymidylate synthase and extends survival in pancreatic cancer model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4055.
A gaze based operator instrumentation approach for the command of multiple autonomous vehicles (2017)

The control of multiple unmanned vehicles with higher levels of autonomy by a single operator has posed unique human systems integration challenges. To address this, previous researchers have attempted to assess aspects of human cognition in real time in order to expand the information exchange bandwidth to improve performance. Here, the accumulation of operator gaze data over a geospatial search area was used to refine a search area for a group of collaborative unmanned vehicles. This passively collected point of gaze input (instrumentation condition) was compared to a standard mouse input and multimodal input condition that required manual region of interest selection in a dual search area refinement task and target detection task. Data were collected in an immersive virtual environment with a head mounted display. Results indicated that gaze data were significantly correlated with predefined regions of interest, while workload from pupillometry data and target detection performance changed significantly across input conditions. These results are discussed in terms of visual attention allocation during scene recognition, and challenges with multimodal input that utilize point of gaze.
Convenient Reagent for the Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Methyl 1,4-Addition Reaction (2016)

Key words copper catalysis - asymmetric reaction - 1,4-conjugate addition - stable zirconium reagent
Gasification of spent alkylation sulfuric acid droplets in hot environments (1999)

Abstract Experimental results on gasification behaviors of freely‐falling spent alkylation sulfuric acid droplets in high‐temperature environments are presented, as well as baseline data on evaporation of water droplets and sulfuric acid droplets. Low evaporation constants have been measured for sulfuric acid droplets and spent acid droplets (relative to water droplets). Shape distortions and fragmentation (microexplosions) of spent acid droplets were also observed, and it has been found that initial droplet diameters are important in determining onset times and intensities of microexplosive behaviors. Simplified theory is developed, which suggests that the droplet distortion and fragmentation behaviors may be a result of SO 2 bubble formation inside the droplets.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based Design of Novel Calcineurin (PP2B) Inhibitors. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigation of sinuous performance over tightly spaced ground planes (2002)

A (2 to 18 GHz) sinuous antenna has its performance measured and predicted using both the Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC) and the Patch Code for various tight spacings above a conductive ground plane. Spacings investigated were for physically realizable installations varying from 0.024 inch to 0.5 inch. Model limitations are addressed for comparison of measured to predicted data. Performance described includes antenna pattern shape, gain, and axial ratio. An assessment of the performance in the presence of tightly spaced ground planes is made.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
&lt;title&gt;Adaptive subband coding of full motion video&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

In this paper a new algorithm for digital video coding is presented that is suitable for digital storage and video transmission applications in the range of 5 to 10 Mbps. The scheme is based on frame differencing and, unlike recent proposals, does not employ motion estimation and compensation. A novel adaptive grouping structure is used to segment the video sequence into groups of frames of variable sizes. Within each group, the frame difference is taken in a closed loop Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) structure and then decomposed into different frequency subbands. The important subbands are transformed using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and the resulting coefficients are adaptively quantized and runlength coded. The adaptation is based on the variance of sample values in each subband. To reduce the computation load, a very simple and efficient way has been used to estimate the variance of the subbands. It is shown that for many types of sequences, the performance of the proposed coder is comparable to that of coding methods which use motion parameters.
PREDICTING RANGE OF MOTION AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (2003)

The principal predictive factor of the postoperative range of motion was the preoperative range of motion. Removal of posterior osteophytes and release of the deep medial collateral ligament, the semimembranosus tendon, and the pes anserinus tendon in patients with large preoperative varus alignment and the attainment of a good intraoperative range of motion improved the likelihood that a good postoperative range of motion would be achieved.
Optically pumped four-level infrared laser based on intersubband transitions in multiple quantum wells: feasibility study (1993)

The feasibility of optically pumped infrared laser based on the intersubband transitions in multiple quantum wells is studied theoretically. The criteria for population inversion and efficient lasing operations are established. A system consisting of a superlattice with four quantum wells per period is proposed and shown to satisfy the criteria. The relaxation processes are investigated, giving the electron-phonon interaction a rigorous theoretical treatment. It is shown that in the proposed structure, optical gain in excess of 300 cm/sup -1/ can be realized under practical pumping conditions. Modification and optimization of the proposed laser are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Making computer vision computationally efficient (2012)

Computational requirements for computer vision algorithms have been increasing dramatically at a rate of several orders of magnitude per decade. In fact, the growth in the size of datasets and computational demands for computer vision algorithms are outpacing Moore's law scaling. Meanwhile, parallelism has become the major driver of improvements in hardware performance. Even in such a scenario, there has been a lack of interest in parallelizing computer vision applications from vision domain experts whose main concern has been productivity. We believe that ignoring parallelism is no longer an option. Numerical optimization and parallelization are essential for current and future generation of vision applications to run on efficiently on parallel hardware. 
In this thesis, we describe the computational characteristics of computer vision workloads using patterns. We show examples of how careful numerical optimization has led to increased speedups on many computer vision and machine learning algorithms including support vector machines, optical flow, point tracking, image contour detection and video segmentation. Together, these application kernels appear in about 50\% of computer vision applications, making them excellent targets for focusing our attention. We focus our efforts on GPUs, as they are the most parallel commodity hardware available today. GPUs also have high memory bandwidth which is useful as most computer vision algorithms are bandwidth bound. In conjunction with the advantages of GPUs for parallel processing, our optimizations (both numeric and low-level) have made the above mentioned algorithms practical to run on large data sets. We will also describe how these optimizations have enabled new, more accurate algorithms that previously would have been considered impractical. In addition to implementing computer vision algorithms on parallel platforms (GPUs and multicore CPUs), we propose tools to optimize the movement of data between the CPU and GPU. 
We have achieved speedups of 4–76× for support vector machine training, 4–372× for SVM classification, 37× for large displacement optical flow and 130× for image contour detection compared to serial implementations. A significant portion of the speedups in each case was obtained from algorithmic changes and numerical optimization. Better algorithms have improved performance not only on manycore platforms like GPUs, but also on multicore CPUs. In addition to achieving speedups on existing applications, our tool for helping manage data movement between CPU and GPU has reduced runtime by a factor of 1.7–7.8× and the amount of data transferred by over 100×. Taken together, these tools and techniques serve as important guidelines for analyzing and parallelizing computer vision algorithms.
Pentavalent Sialic Acid Conjugates Block Coxsackievirus A24 Variant and Human Adenovirus Type 37 – Viruses That Cause Highly Contagious Eye Infections (2020)

Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) and human adenovirus 37 (HAdV-37) are leading causative agents of the severe and highly contagious ocular infections acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, respectively. Currently, neither vaccines nor antiviral agents are available for treating these diseases, which affect millions of individuals worldwide. CVA24v and HAdV-37 utilize sialic acid as attachment receptors facilitating entry into host cells. Previously, we and others have shown that derivatives based on sialic acid are effective in preventing HAdV-37 binding and infection of cells. Here, we designed and synthesized novel pentavalent sialic acid conjugates and studied their inhibitory effect against CVA24v and HAdV-37 binding and infection of human corneal epithelial cells. The pentavalent conjugates are the first reported inhibitors of CVA24v infection, and proved efficient in blocking HAdV-37 binding. Taken together, the pentavalent conjugates presented here form a basis for the development of general inhibitors of these highly contagious ocular pathogens.
Replication of the Poliovirus Genome (2018)

The picornaviruses represent an important group of eukaryotic pathogens, the intracellular life cycles of which are characterized by several unique macromolecular/biosynthetic events. Poliovirus is a member of the enterovirus group of the Picornaviridae and perhaps best exemplifies the unique aspects of the Picornavirus group. The coding region of the polio genome contains a single, long, open-reading frame that encodes 2209 consecutive amino acids that would give rise to a polyprotein having a molecular weight of 247,000 daltons. The overall genome structures and polyprotein organization of all picornaviruses are roughly equivalent. The viral RNAs uniformly possess a 5'-linked VPg protein and a 3' polyadenylate tract. The crude and partially purified RNA replication complexes from extracts of virus-infected HeLa cells are associated with numerous host-cell proteins. Poliovirus RNA synthesis occurs primarily in a membranous environment. In vitro RNA synthesis assays using a crude membrane fraction from infected cells demonstrated that the membrane fraction is responsible for the majority of virus-specific RNA synthesis.
Energy-Efficient Deployment and Adaptive Sleeping in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks (2019)

This paper focuses on energy efficiency that is a key performance metric in heterogeneous cellular networks to two key areas. First, based on the Poisson point process distributions of small-cell base stations (SBSs) and macrocell base stations (MBSs), the energy-efficiency model is formulated, and the effect of base stations’ distribution on energy efficiency is analyzed. For maximizing energy efficiency, the joint optimal densities of SBSs and MBSs are deduced under the constraint of quality of service. Second, according to this, we propose a joint sleep strategy of MBSs and that of SBSs. We deduce the optimal threshold of traffic load according to the joint optimal densities. If the traffic load of SBSs (or MBSs) is less than the optimal threshold of traffic load, these SBSs (or MBSs) go to sleep; otherwise, it is activated. This makes the SBSs and MBSs adaptively and distributively sleep according to their own traffic loads. The simulation results verify that the deduced joint optimal densities of the SBS and the MBS are accurate, and energy efficiency is improved when SBSs and MBSs adaptively sleep.
Erasure/List Random Coding Error Exponents Are Not Universally\n Achievable (2014)

We study the problem of universal decoding for unknown discrete memoryless\nchannels in the presence of erasure/list option at the decoder, in the random\ncoding regime. Specifically, we harness a universal version of Forney's\nclassical erasure/list decoder developed in earlier studies, which is based on\nthe competitive minimax methodology, and guarantees universal achievability of\na certain fraction of the optimum random coding error exponents. In this paper,\nwe derive an exact single-letter expression for the maximum achievable\nfraction. Examples are given in which the maximal achievable fraction is\nstrictly less than unity, which imply that, in general, there is no universal\nerasure/list decoder which achieves the same random coding error exponents as\nthe optimal decoder for a known channel. This is in contrast to the situation\nin ordinary decoding (without the erasure/list option), where optimum exponents\nare universally achievable, as is well known. It is also demonstrated that\nprevious lower bounds derived for the maximal achievable fraction are not tight\nin general. We then analyze a generalized random coding ensemble which\nincorporate a training sequence, in conjunction with a suboptimal practical\ndecoder ("plug-in" decoder), which first estimates the channel using the known\ntraining sequence, and then decodes the remaining symbols of the codeword using\nthe estimated channel. One of the implications of our results, is setting the\nstage for a reasonable criterion of optimal training. Finally, we compare the\nperformance of the "plug-in" decoder and the universal decoder, in terms of the\nachievable error exponents, and show that the latter is noticeably better than\nthe former.\n
An accurate nonuniform fourier transform for SPRITE magnetic resonance imaging data (2007)

A new algorithm is proposed for computing the discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of purely phase encoded data acquired during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) experiments. These experiments use the SPRITE (Single Point Ramped Imaging with T 1 Enhancement) method and multiple-point acquisition, sampling data in a nonuniform manner that prohibits reconstruction by fast Fourier transform. The chirp z-transform algorithm of Rabiner, Schafer, and Rader can be combined with phase corrections to compute the DFT of this data to extremely high accuracy. This algorithm outperforms the interpolation methods that are traditionally used to process nonuniform data, both in terms of execution time and in terms of accuracy as compared to the DFT.
Fractures and Flow Patterns Detection in Carbonate Reservoirs Using Intelligent Sensor Selection in a Deep Learning and Uncertainty Framework (2021)

Abstract 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies have assumed critical importance in the oil and gas industry, enabling data analysis and automation at unprecedented levels. Formation evaluation and reservoir monitoring are crucial areas for optimizing reservoir production, maximizing sweep efficiency and characterizing the reservoirs. Automation, robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) have led to tremendous transformations in these areas, in particular in subsurface sensing. We present a novel 4IR inspired framework for the real-time sensor selection for subsurface pressure and temperature monitoring, as well as reservoir evaluation. The framework encompasses a deep learning technique for sensor data uncertainty estimation, which is then integrated into an integer programming framework for the optimal selection of sensors to monitor the reservoir formation. The results are rather promising, showing that a relatively small numbers of sensors can be utilized to properly monitor the fractured reservoir structure.
Motivating Personality-aware Machine Translation (2015)

Language use is known to be influenced by personality traits as well as by sociodemographic characteristics such as age or mother tongue.As a result, it is possible to automatically identify these traits of the author from her texts.It has recently been shown that knowledge of such dimensions can improve performance in NLP tasks such as topic and sentiment modeling.We posit that machine translation is another application that should be personalized.In order to motivate this, we explore whether translation preserves demographic and psychometric traits.We show that, largely, both translation of the source training data into the target language, and the target test data into the source language has a detrimental effect on the accuracy of predicting author traits.We argue that this supports the need for personal and personality-aware machine translation models.
Gut perfusion during cardiac surgery (1997)

It has been demonstrated that derangements of gut mucosal perfusion and function commonly occur during cardiac surgery. The exact relationship between these observations and the development of postoperative organ dysfunction are areas of debate. However, therapeutic stratagies aimed at maintaining gut perfusion have been associated with a better outcome.
In vivo hypothalamic release and synthesis of catecholamines in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1993)

Juvenile spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have higher plasma levels of catechols and markedly larger catechol responses to yohimbine than do normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats, indicating increased sympathoadrenal outflow and increased alpha 2-adrenergic receptor-mediated restraint of peripheral catecholamine release during hypertension development in SHR. Yohimbine-induced catecholamine release and metabolism in the posterolateral hypothalamus of the brain were assessed in juvenile (6 to 7 weeks) and adult (15 to 16 weeks) SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats. In vivo microdialysis was used to obtain samples for measurements of norepinephrine, dihydroxyphenylglycol, methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol, and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in conscious animals before and after yohimbine injection (1 mg/kg IV) beginning 24 hours after probe implantation. Catecholamine synthesis was examined from elevations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine levels after probe perfusion with NSD-1015, an inhibitor of L-aromatic acid decarboxylase. In adults, SHR had higher dialysate norepinephrine (277 +/- 38 versus 181 +/- 35 pg/mL), dihydroxyphenylglycol (3260 +/- 509 versus 2231 +/- 201 pg/mL), methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (2659 +/- 369 versus 1890 +/- 144 pg/mL), and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (46,312 +/- 5512 versus 13,187 +/- 1963 pg/mL) levels and markedly larger increases in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine levels after NSD-1015 than Wistar-Kyoto rats. In juveniles, SHR had larger proportionate increments in microdialysate norepinephrine levels after yohimbine than Wistar-Kyoto rats (85% versus 25%). Although juvenile SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats had similar NSD-1015-elicited increments in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine levels, systemic yohimbine enhanced the NSD-1015-elicited 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine elevations in juvenile SHR but not in Wistar-Kyoto rats. These findings suggest augmented norepinephrine release and catecholamine synthesis in the posterolateral hypothalamus of adult SHR and augmented alpha 2-adrenergic receptor restraint of both norepinephrine release and catecholamine synthesis in juvenile SHR.
The benefits and struggles of FAIR data: the case of reusing plant phenotyping data (2023)

Plant phenotyping experiments are conducted under a variety of experimental parameters and settings for diverse purposes. The data they produce is heterogeneous, complicated, often poorly documented and, as a result, difficult to reuse. Meeting societal needs (nutrition, crop adaptation and stability) requires more efficient methods toward data integration and reuse. In this work, we examine what "making data FAIR" entails, and investigate the benefits and the struggles not only of reusing FAIR data, but also making data FAIR using genotype by environment and QTL by environment interactions for developmental traits in potato as a case study. We assume the role of a scientist discovering a phenotypic dataset on a FAIR data point, verifying the existence of related datasets with environmental data, acquiring both and integrating them. We report and discuss the challenges and the potential for reusability and reproducibility of FAIRifying existing datasets, using metadata standards such as MIAPPE, that were encountered in this process.