gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Lactoferrin on Growth and Biofilm Formation of<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>and<i>Prevotella intermedia</i> (2009)

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding antimicrobial protein present in saliva and gingival crevicular fluids, and it is possibly associated with host defense against oral pathogens, including periodontopathic bacteria. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro effects of LF-related agents on the growth and biofilm formation of two periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, which reside as biofilms in the subgingival plaque. The planktonic growth of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia was suppressed for up to 5 h by incubation with >or=130 microg/ml of human LF (hLF), iron-free and iron-saturated bovine LF (apo-bLF and holo-bLF, respectively), and >or=6 microg/ml of bLF-derived antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin B (LFcin B); but those effects were weak after 8 h. The biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia over 24 h was effectively inhibited by lower concentrations (>or=8 microg/ml) of various iron-bound forms (the apo, native, and holo forms) of bLF and hLF but not LFcin B. A preformed biofilm of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia was also reduced by incubation with various iron-bound bLFs, hLF, and LFcin B for 5 h. In an examination of the effectiveness of native bLF when it was used in combination with four antibiotics, it was found that treatment with ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and minocycline in combination with native bLF for 24 h reduced the amount of a preformed biofilm of P. gingivalis compared with the level of reduction achieved with each agent alone. These results demonstrate the antibiofilm activity of LF with lower iron dependency against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia and the potential usefulness of LF for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases and as adjunct therapy for periodontal diseases.
A questionnaire for the assessment of biliary symptoms (2003)

OBJECTIVES: Gallstone disease is common and causes high health care costs, but a measure of symptomatic biliary disease for outcome studies is lacking. We aimed to develop a reproducible, valid, discriminative, disease-specific measure of biliary symptoms. METHODS: We created the self-report Biliary Symptoms Questionnaire (BSQ) by combining possible biliary symptoms with validated items for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and other disorders. We developed the final version through an iterative process and assessed reproducibility by the test–retest method, concurrent validity by comparing BSQ responses with symptoms obtained by structured interview, and discriminative validity by comparing BSQ-based diagnoses of biliary symptoms, GERD, and IBS with patients' final diagnoses. A shortened version (sBSQ) also underwent reproducibility testing. RESULTS: A total of 245 outpatients (mean age, 55.2 yr; 61% female) participated. Median completion times for the BSQ and sBSQ were 36 and 10 min, respectively. For the BSQ, median κ values were 0.65 (range −0.03 to 0.95) for reproducibility and 0.61 (range 0.15–0.95) for concurrent validity. Using BSQ responses, investigators distinguished IBS and GERD 79–90% of the time. For the sBSQ, the median κ value for reproducibility was 0.72 (range 0.32–0.86). CONCLUSIONS: The BSQ is reproducible and has good concurrent and discriminative validity for biliary symptoms. The abridged sBSQ has good reproducibility. These instruments may be useful in future outcome studies.
Monolithic Mid-IR Methane Gas Sensor with Waveguide-Integrated Detector (2021)

We demonstrate a monolithic chalcogenide glass spiral waveguide sensor integrated with a PbTe photoconductor detector on-chip for mid-infrared absorption spectroscopic sensing. Current methane gas sensing limit of detection was experimentally measured as 1% by volume, but further optimization should maximize sensitivity to 330 ppmv.
A Novel Meander-Grooved Polarization Twist Reflector (2010)

A novel broadband polarization twist reflector using a meander-grooved conducting plane is proposed in this study. A genetical swarm optimization (GSO) technique was utilized to achieve the broadband design of the meander-grooved polarization twist reflector for Ku-band applications. Measured reflection coefficients are shown to be in good agreement with the simulated results. The optimized design exhibits a 17 dB suppression bandwidth over 12.5% (15.48-17.55 GHz). The measured polarization twisting loss was less than 0.2 dB at 15.35-17.6 GHz.
Rambling facets of manure-based biogas production in Europe: A briefing (2019)

The use of biogas has been considered a strategically distinctive option for the entire transition to renewable fuels. The wide gap between the use of fossil- and biomass-based fuels calls into question how the business of gas-based energy must be changed to alter the inequalities between biogas and natural gas. The deployment of biogas-derived methane is delayed in contrast to the syngas-derived methane. Subtle issues are spotted and highlighted amid the application of anaerobic digestion to detect fundamental changes in the bioenergy landscape and underpin the drive for global sustainability; lastly, an outlook is suggested for how the field may progress in the future.
Development of polarized-light illuminator and its impact (2005)

Nikon has developed an illuminator with special options for RET (Resolution Enhancement Technique). For one of the solutions of RET, Nikon has pursued the development of a <i>loss-less</i> polarized illumination system. When the polarization direction is the same as the direction of the printed pattern, this technique improves image contrast and extends the process margin. We have simulated the impact of the RET with polarized illumination, in the case of dipole illumination and phase-shift masks, and we have estimated the dominant parameters for high performance polarized illumination. In addition, we have constructed a polarized-light illuminator and installed it in an ArF full-field scanner. We have measured and optimized the degree and distribution of polarization at the wafer plane with a special tool, and we have investigated image performance with polarized dipole illumination. Results show that the new polarized-light illuminator has extended the process margin, especially with respect to dose latitude. The results of the image simulations and experiments will be reported.
INTRAVESICAL THERAPY AND FOLLOW-UP OF SUPERFICIAL TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER (2000)

Intravesical therapy is commonly used for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. There are 2 major categories of intravesical therapy; chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The 2 types have different indications and different mechanisms of action. Chemotherapy: there is evidence that intravesical therapy fails to affect disease progression, nevertheless, chemotherapy in the form of thiotepa, mitomycin-C, doxorubicin or epirubicin has been recommended for those patients having low-grade, low-stage tumors (Ta, Grade 1-2) who have multiple tumors at presentation or whose recurrence rate on follow-up is unacceptable . While intravesical chemotherapy reduces the risk of recurrence during the first 3-6 month period after TUR, the difference in recurrence rates becomes less significant with increasing time after resection. Immunotherapy: unlike chemotherapy, intravesical immunotherapy in the form of BCG has been shown to reduce tumor recurrence and prevent progression. Patients who are suitable candidates for intravesical BCG include those with carcinoma in situ (CIS), or with T1 lesions that have been completely or incompletely resected, as well as those patients who have failed intravesical chemotherapy for low-grade, low-stage tumors. BCG must never be given immediately after tumor resection due to the possibility of severe systemic infection. To summarize, the authors practice regarding intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer, is the following: 1)- for patients at low risk of progression, we initially resect the tumor and do not treat with intravesical therapy; 2)- for patients at low risk of progression but with high risk of recurrence, (e.g., those with high grade TCC that are either stage Ta or stage T1), we treat with an immediate single post-TUR dose of thiotepa of 30 mg; 3)- for recurrent, low risk tumors, we treat with a course of thiotepa; 4)- for patients with a high risk for progression (e.g., those with high grade TCC and stage T1), we administer a 6-week course of BCG; 5)- for patients at high risk for progression, where the next tumor recurrence would indicate a cystectomy, we will treat with a 6-week course of BCG followed by maintenance.
Novel pharmaceutical salts of albendazole (2018)

Albendazole (ABZ) is a class II safe and effective antihelmintic drug in the benzimidazole group according to the BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System) with low solubility (9 mg L-1) and high permeability (logP 2.54). Novel salts and salt hydrates of ABZ are reported with benzene and p-toluene sulfonic acid (BSA, PTSA), as well as carboxylic acids such as oxalic acid (OA), maleic acid (MLE), l-tartaric acid (LTA), 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,6-DHBA), and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4,6-THBA). The products ABZ-BSA, ABZ-BSA-H, ABZ-PTSA, ABZ-PTSA-H, ABZ-OA-H and ABZ-2,6-DHBA were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the hydrate structures (designated as -H), the water molecule acts as a bridge in the hydrogen bonding network. The salt formation of ABZ-MLE, ABZ-LTA, and ABZ-2,4,6-THBA was confirmed by 15N ss-NMR based on the chemical shift change of ca. 50 ppm. The sulfonate salt hydrates exhibit 2D isostructurality, and position disorder in the thiopropyl group in the drug crystal structure was not observed in the salts. Crystal lattice energies were calculated for the MLE, LTA, and 2,4,6-THBA complexes of ABZ to confirm the molecular salt formation. The cocrystals of ABZ with the hydroxybenzene carboxylic acids are novel salts in the benzimidazole drugs class.
Fabrication of Ti&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; MXene Microelectrode Arrays for &lt;em&gt;In Vivo&lt;/em&gt; Neural Recording (2020)

Implantable microelectrode technologies have been widely used to elucidate neural dynamics at the microscale to gain a deeper understanding of the neural underpinnings of brain disease and injury. As electrodes are miniaturized to the scale of individual cells, a corresponding rise in the interface impedance limits the quality of recorded signals. Additionally, conventional electrode materials are stiff, resulting in a significant mechanical mismatch between the electrode and the surrounding brain tissue, which elicits an inflammatory response that eventually leads to a degradation of the device performance. To address these challenges, we have developed a process to fabricate flexible microelectrodes based on Ti3C2 MXene, a recently discovered nanomaterial that possesses remarkably high volumetric capacitance, electrical conductivity, surface functionality, and processability in aqueous dispersions. Flexible arrays of Ti3C2 MXene microelectrodes have remarkably low impedance due to the high conductivity and high specific surface area of the Ti3C2 MXene films, and they have proven to be exquisitely sensitive for recording neuronal activity. In this protocol, we describe a novel method for micropatterning Ti3C2 MXene into microelectrode arrays on flexible polymeric substrates and outline their use for in vivo micro-electrocorticography recording. This method can easily be extended to create MXene electrode arrays of arbitrary size or geometry for a range of other applications in bioelectronics and it can also be adapted for use with other conductive inks besides Ti3C2 MXene. This protocol enables simple and scalable fabrication of microelectrodes from solution-based conductive inks, and specifically allows harnessing the unique properties of hydrophilic Ti3C2 MXene to overcome many of the barriers that have long hindered the widespread adoption of carbon-based nanomaterials for high-fidelity neural microelectrodes.
Proposed Data Model for the Next Version of the Synthetic Biology Open Language (2014)

While the first version of the Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) has been adopted by several academic and commercial genetic design automation (GDA) software tools, it only covers a limited number of the requirements for a standardized exchange format for synthetic biology. In particular, SBOL Version 1.1 is capable of representing DNA components and their hierarchical composition via sequence annotations. This proposal revises SBOL Version 1.1, enabling the representation of a wider range of components with and without sequences, including RNA components, protein components, small molecules, and molecular complexes. It also introduces modules to instantiate groups of components on the basis of their shared function and assert molecular interactions between components. By increasing the range of structural and functional descriptions in SBOL and allowing for their composition, the proposed improvements enable SBOL to represent and facilitate the exchange of a broader class of genetic designs.
A tungsten oxide coated wire electrode used as a pH sensor in flow injection potentiometry (1998)

In this study, a tungsten oxide wire electrode is described for use as a pH electrode in a portable battery-powered flow injection analyser described previously.1 The tungsten oxide electrode exhibits a linear response of 44.8 ± 0.5 mV change per pH unit over a wide range, pH 2–11 in the steady-state mode. In the flow injection mode, the tungsten oxide wire electrode exhibited a slope of 42.4 ± 0.9 mV per pH unit. The tungsten oxide electrode was employed to determine the pH of various alcoholic beverages and environmental water samples.
Dynamical System Implementations of Sparse Bayesian Learning (2019)

Despite its state of the art performance in many applications, the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) procedure can be expensive to implement, limiting its use in practice. In this paper, we use the locally competitive algorithm (LCA) framework to develop two continuous time dynamical systems whose trajectories converge to a minimum of the SBL objective. The resulting systems are neurally feasible and can be implemented using primitives from analog electronics, potentially opening the SBL procedure to new applications.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Overexpression of DDX43 Mediates MEK Inhibitor Resistance through RAS Upregulation in Uveal Melanoma Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 365K, The MEK inhibitor-resistant cells re-express pERK at later time point after treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Ultrafast Optical Signal Processing Based on Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers: Theory and Experiment (2003)

This paper provides current status and prospects of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers, based on our pioneering work covering the proposal of their promising features, the quantum-dot optical device theory, experimental demonstrations, and the design and assembly of all-optical switching modules.
A New Axial Mode Helix Antenna: The Archimedean Screw Antenna (2023)

A new form of the axial mode helix antenna has been developed: The Archimedean Screw Antenna. It provides more gain for length than does the wire helix and it does so with 3 dB gain bandwidths approaching 1.7 to 1, a 50-ohm feed point with DC grounding, and it eliminates the need for insulators. It is the screen compliment to the skeletal wire helix antenna. Several methods of fabrication are shown.
Nanopattern transfer from high-density self-assembled nanosphere arrays on prepatterned substrates (2009)

We have fabricated nanoimprint moulds with high-density well-defined nanopatterns by pattern transfer from self-assembled nanosphere arrays on prepatterned substrates. Silica nanospheres of 100 and 25 nm diameter were regularly arranged over large areas in a self-assembling manner by capillary force via a dip-coating technique on topographically patterned substrates having 220 nm pitch line/space patterns. The nanosphere arrays were used as etching masks, and nanodot arrays with the same arrangements were created on the silica substrate surfaces by reactive ion etching (RIE). By developing a combined pattern transfer process using Ru and SiO(x) mask layers and CF4 and O2 RIE, the aspect ratio between the height and diameter of the nanodots made from the 25 nm nanospheres is improved to about two. It is demonstrated that the nanopatterns of the moulds can be inversely transferred into polymer surfaces reproducibly by UV nanoimprint process.
Effect of Monoclonal Antihuman IgE on Recombinant IgE&lt;sub&gt;(301–376&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; Inhibition of Specific IgE Histamine Release (1989)

To explore the binding domains of rCIgE(301-376) necessary for inhibition of passive transfer of rye grass and Chinese elm IgE to human basophils, we employed monoclonal antibodies known to bind to IgE(301-336), M-272, and to IgE(367-376), M-27. By preincubating M-272, but not M-27, with rCIgE(301-376), passive transfer of specific IgE to basophils was partially inhibited. This implies that M-272 recognizes a binding site on rCIgE(301-376) or sterically interferes with the rCIgE(301-376) high-affinity binding domains on human basophils.
Study on Cooling Heat Transfer of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Applied to Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Heat Pump (2020)

Understanding the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical fluids is of fundamental importance in many industrial processes such as transcritical heat pump system, supercritical water-cooled reactor, supercritical separation, and supercritical extraction processes. This chapter addresses recent experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies on cooling heat transfer of supercritical CO2. A systematic study on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of supercritical CO2 was carried out at wide ranges of tube diameter, mass flux, heat flux, temperature, and pressure. Based on the understanding of temperature and velocity distributions at cross-sectional direction provided by the numerical simulation, a new prediction model was proposed, which agreed well with the experimental results. In addition, the effect of lubricating oil was also discussed with the focus on the change in flow pattern and heat transfer performance of oil and supercritical CO2.
Directed energy deposition of Al 5xxx alloy using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS®) (2020)

Here, we present directed energy deposition (DED) of wrought-like Al 5xxx AlMg alloy by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS®). A transition from an Al 5083 gas atomized powder feedstock to Al 5754 characteristics of the as-deposited material due to selective evaporation of Mg was observed. Density values obtained by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) were compared to those obtained by the Archimedes method. The latter indicated a relative density as high as 99.26%. Possible origins of porosity are discussed. The as-deposited material was comprised of both equiaxed and columnar grains with no preferred crystallographic orientation and mean grain size of 36 μm. The Young's modulus, yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, fracture strain, Poisson's ratio, and total ultimate strain energy (toughness) were determined by uniaxial tensile tests combined with digital image correlation (DIC). Fractography complemented the mechanical testing. A pulse-echo ultrasonic non-destructive test was used to obtain more accurate values of the Young's and shear moduli and to adjust the value of the yield strength accordingly. The measured mechanical properties meet the requirements of international standards for wrought Al 5754 in its annealed condition.
Water droplet on inclined dusty hydrophobic surface: influence of droplet volume on environmental dust particles removal (2019)

A water droplet's behavior on an inclined hydrophobic surface in the presence of environmental dust particles is considered and the droplet's dynamics are analyzed pertinent to self-cleaning applications. A polycarbonate wafer is crystallized using the solution-crystallization method to generate hierarchically distributed micro/nano-sized spherules and pillars on the surface. To improve the wetting state and lower the contact angle hysteresis, functionalized silica particles are synthesized and, later, deposited on the crystallized surface. Environmental dust particles are collected and characterized in terms of elemental composition, size and shape. A high-speed camera is used to monitor a water droplet's behavior on the inclined hydrophobic surface with and without the presence of dust particles. The influence of droplet volume on the dust particle removal rate from the inclined hydrophobic surface is assessed. It is found that the functionalized silica particles deposited on the surface result in a droplet contact angle in the order of 158 ± 2° and contact angle hysteresis of 2 ± 1°. The water droplet mainly rolls on the inclined hydrophobic surface and the sliding velocity remains almost 13% of the transverse velocity of the droplet. Droplet wobbling is influenced by the dust particles and the droplet size; in which case, increasing the droplet volume enhances the droplet puddle thickness on the hydrophobic surface. The cloaking of the droplet fluid onto the dust particles causes mixing of the dust particles with the droplet fluid while enhancing the particle removal from the hydrophobic surface. Increasing the droplet volume slightly enhances the size of the area of the cleaned surface.
Radiation aspects and performance of GaN power converters and RFICs for airborne and space applications (2017)

The paper discusses advances of testing GaN on Si switches for MHz-power-converter technologies for satellite applications. Radiation testing is discussed for technologies operated up to 600 V for power conversion suitable for compact power converter designs. Promising results have been obtained with respect of radiation stability for GaN switches on Si substrates. Further GaN mm-wave PA technologies suitable for up to Eband communication links and space-born tube drivers are demonstrated with the space-specific technology requirements incorporated for packaging while maintaining the performances. Further, representative Mm-wave RF-MMIC designs operating at E-band are being discussed for operation between 70 and 84 GHz based on this technology. With the advances in reliability demonstrated in parallel these circuits become relevant for space operation.
Parasite virulence and disease patterns in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (1994)

Heterogeneity in parasite virulence is one of several factors that have been proposed to contribute to the wide spectrum of disease severity in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We used observed age-structured patterns of disease to define a population structure of P. falciparum, where the latter contains several independently transmitted antigenic types or "strains" that each induce some degree of strain-specific antidisease immunity upon infection. Patterns of incidence of severe and mild disease may be explained by assuming that a majority of these strains are associated with mild disease and that although severe malarial anemia is a complication occurring in a certain proportion of early infections with "mild" parasites, cerebral malaria is caused by a few distinct highly virulent strains. Considerable variation in parasite virulence, as a major factor of disease severity in malaria, is made possible by the absence of competition between the various parasite strains, arising from weak shared immune responses. The theoretical framework presented in this paper can explain other epidemiological observations, such as the results of interventions with insecticide-impregnated bednets.