gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Analysis Uncovers Osteoblast Factor Growth Differentiation Factor 10 as Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation Associated with Plaque Rupture in Human Carotid Artery Disease (2022)

(1) Background: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo a complex phenotypic switch in response to atherosclerosis environmental triggers, contributing to atherosclerosis disease progression. However, the complex heterogeneity of VSMCs and how VSMC dedifferentiation affects human carotid artery disease (CAD) risk has not been clearly established. (2) Method: A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD45<sup>-</sup> cells derived from the atherosclerotic aorta of Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe<sup>-/-</sup>) mice on a normal cholesterol diet (NCD) or a high cholesterol diet (HCD), respecting the site-specific predisposition to atherosclerosis was performed. Growth Differentiation Factor 10 (GDF10) role in VSMCs phenotypic switch was investigated via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence in human atherosclerotic plaques. (3) Results: scRNAseq analysis revealed the transcriptomic profile of seven clusters, five of which showed disease-relevant gene signature of VSMC macrophagic calcific phenotype, VSMC mesenchymal chondrogenic phenotype, VSMC inflammatory and fibro-phenotype and VSMC inflammatory phenotype. Osteoblast factor GDF10 involved in ossification and osteoblast differentiation emerged as a hallmark of VSMCs undergoing phenotypic switch. Under hypercholesteremia, GDF10 triggered VSMC osteogenic switch in vitro. The abundance of GDF10 expressing osteogenic-like VSMCs cells was linked to the occurrence of carotid artery disease (CAD) events. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide evidence about GDF10-mediated VSMC osteogenic switch, with a likely detrimental role in atherosclerotic plaque stability.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Velocity Field of Buoyancy Convection in KNbO <sub>3</sub> Melt (2001)

The Schlieren technique coupling with a differential interference microscope was applied to visualize the KNbO3 melt motion in a loop-shaped Pt wire heater. The natural convection in KNbO3 melt was traced by observing the movement of the tiny KNbO3 crystals (~10 µm) and the stream velocities of these tracer crystals were measured. In theoretical analysis, the Navier-Stokes equation was solved as a stable field. The general solution for this system of the differential equation was expressed by an approximate power series of azimuth and radius vector. The expression was substituted in the differential equation; a non-trivial solution was obtained exactly. The velocity distribution in the vertical section was obtained which is in qualitative agreement with the experimental result.
Polarization-Directed Surface Plasmon Polariton Launching (2016)

The relative intensities of propagating surface plasmons (PSPs) simultaneously launched from opposing edges of a symmetric trench structure etched into a silver thin film may be controllably varied by tuning the linear polarization of the driving field. This is demonstrated through transient multiphoton photoemission electron microscopy measurements performed using a pair of spatially separated phase-locked femtosecond pulses. Our measurements are rationalized using finite-difference time domain simulations, which reveal that the coupling efficiency into the PSP modes is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the localized surface plasmon fields excited at the trench edges. Our combined experimental and computational results allude to the interplay between localized and propagating surface plasmon modes in the trench; strong coupling to the localized modes at the edges correlates to weak coupling to the PSP modes. Polarization-directed PSP launching measurements reveal an optimal PSP contrast ratio of 4.2 using a 500 nm wide trench.
Inactivation of Chibby affects function of motile airway cilia (2009)

Chibby (Cby) is a conserved component of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway. Cby physically interacts with beta-catenin to repress its activation of transcription. To elucidate the function of Cby in vertebrates, we generated Cby(-/-) mice and found that after 2-3 d of weight loss, the majority of mice die before or around weaning. All Cby(-/-) mice develop rhinitis and sinusitis. When challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, Cby(-/-) mice are unable to clear the bacteria from the nasal cavity. Notably, Cby(-/-) mice exhibit a complete absence of mucociliary transport caused by a marked paucity of motile cilia in the nasal epithelium. Moreover, ultrastructural experiments reveal impaired basal body docking to the apical surface of multiciliated cells. In support of these phenotypes, endogenous Cby protein is localized at the base of cilia. As the phenotypes of Cby(-/-) mice bear striking similarities to primary ciliary dyskinesia, Cby(-/-) mice may prove to be a useful model for this condition.
Evaluation of 3D metrology potential using a multiple detector CDSEM (2012)

As feature sizes of semiconductor device structures have continuously decreased, needs for metrology tools with high precision and excellent linearity over actual pattern sizes have been growing. And it has become important to measure not only two-dimensional (2D) but also three-dimensional (3D) shapes of patterns at 22 nm node and beyond. To meet requirements for 3D metrology capabilities, various pattern metrology tools have been developed. Among those, we assume that CDSEM metrology is the most qualified candidate in the light of its non-destructive, high throughput measurement capabilities that are expected to be extended to the much-awaited 3D metrology technology. On the basis of this supposition, we have developed the 3D metrology system, in which side wall angles and heights of photomask patterns can be measured with high accuracy through analyzing CDSEM images generated by multi-channel detectors. In this paper, we will discuss our attempts to measure 3D shapes of defect patterns on a photomask by using Advantest's "Multi Vision Metrology SEM" E3630 (MVM-SEM&#153; E3630).
Modélisation et diagnostic de la machine asynchrone à cage en présence de défauts. Synthèse de plusieurs méthodes (2005)

La presentation de l'etat de l'art 1 des travaux menes dans le cadre du GdR ME 2 MS sur la modelisation et le diagnostic des defauts de la machine asynchrone a cage, forme l'objectif principal de cet article. Nous y exposons les principales methodes de modelisation fine de la machine asynchrone a cage defectueuse comme le modele de Park etendu, la methode des circuits electriques magnetiquement couples, la methode des reseaux de permeances ainsi que la methode des elements finis. Du point de vue des methodes de diagnostic proprement dites, nous passerons en revue celles basees sur l'analyse spectrale du courant de phase statorique, celles basees sur l'estimation parametrique ainsi que celles mettant en oeuvre des techniques heuristiques telles que la reconnaissance des formes, la logique floue et les reseaux neuronaux. Ces differentes methodes de diagnostic et de modelisation fine pour le diagnostic sont illustrees dans le cas d'un defaut de rupture de barres et d'un defaut de court-circuit interspires dans les bobinages statoriques.
An Electronically-Tunable, Flexible, and Transparent Antenna With Unidirectional Radiation Pattern (2021)

In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable, conformal, durable, optically transparent, and unidirectional antenna design is demonstrated for the first time. In the demonstrated design, continuous frequency tuning is achieved by integrating a varactor diode in a folded dipole radiator, which is backed by a water-filled reflector to produce unidirectional radiation pattern mimicking the radiation characteristics of microstrip patch antennas. The radiating component of the explored antenna is manufactured from transparent conductive fabric, which has about 72% optical transparency and occupies a small fraction of the entire antenna. The water-filled reflector is located underneath the dipole radiator. Water is contained inside a rectangular box made from flexible-transparent-hydrophobic polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Both water and PDMS are highly transparent, moreover, PDMS has excellent flexibility and water is a liquid, thus, the demonstrated antenna exhibits excellent transparency and durability against physical deformation. The tiny varactor diode integrated in the folded dipole radiator has insignificant effect on the overall transparency and flexibility of the antenna. The explored design has been numerically investigated and experimentally validated through measurements. Measurements show continuous frequency tuning from 2.38 GHz to 2.67 GHz with an average 10-dB return loss bandwidth of about 170 MHz. Moreover, the antenna maintains good front-to-back ratio in the entire operating band.
Mechanical Testing of a Synthetic Canine Gastrocnemius Tendon Implant (2015)

Failure loads exceeded the values reported after experimental repair of chronic gastrocnemius tendon injuries using other methods involving suturing tendon to bone. Failure of this repair method clinically is predicted to occur proximally at the level of the myotendinous junction.
The evaluation and management of known or suspected stones of the common bile duct in the era of minimal access surgery. (1993)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has rapidly become the procedure of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis. The perioperative diagnosis and modern treatment of suspected stones of the common bile duct (CBD) remains controversial. A database of 573 patients undergoing LC was compiled during an 11 month period. Sixty-seven patients (47 females, 20 males) (13 percent) were suspected of having CBD stones based upon clinical, laboratory and roentgenographic evidence. Fifty-two patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ER-CP) (45 preoperative and seven postoperative). Seventeen patients were studied with intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC). The indications for cholangiography (either ERCP or IOC) included pancreatitis (group 1), clinical history suggestive of CBD stones, but normal preoperative liver function tests (LFT) (group 2), cholangitis (group 3), grossly abnormal LFT (group 4) and dilated CBD (greater than 7 millimeters on sonogram) (group 5). The incidence of CBD stones was three of 14 (21 percent) in group 1, six of 20 (30 percent) in group 2, two of three (67 percent) in group 3, 16 of 26 (62 percent) in group 4 and two of four (50 percent) in group 5. Overall, 29 patients (23 females and six males) had stones retrieved from the CBD. Of the 52 ERCP, 20 endoscopic sphincterotomies were performed for documented CBD stones. Of the group that had pre-LC ERCP, three (6 percent) ultimately required an open procedure. There were three instances of post-ERCP pancreatitis (6 percent) and ERCP was not able to opacify or clear the CBD in four instances. Seven patients had postoperative ERCP with successful retrieval of retained CBD stones (100 percent). Of the 17 IOC, eight were positive--two patients underwent laparoscopic clearance of the CBD and six required conversion to an open procedure. There were no deaths or extensive complications. Total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase were independently related to the presence of a CBD stone, while demographic data, past medical history, preoperative symptoms, leukocyte count, vital signs, amylase, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase nuclear scintigraphic visualization of the duodenum or size of CBD on sonography, were not. No patient with biliary pancreatitis had CBD stones without abnormalities in the LFT or the preoperative sonogram. ERCP is a useful technique to clear the CBD pre-LC. However, ERCP in patients with biliary pancreatitis, but otherwise normal preoperative tests, has a low yield. In this group of patients, IOC is an appropriate alternative to pre-LC ERCP.
Optical Vibration and Acceleration Sensor With a Silicon Cantilever (1999)

Abstract A new type all optical vibration and acceleration sensor using the combination of micromachined Si cantilever and optical fiber is proposed, and its fundamental characteristics are demonstrated. The light emitted from bulb-lens set into the V-groove is reflected at the reflector formed on the Si cantilever and then recoupled into the bulb-lens. Several sensors with different length (0.64–6.0 mm long) of the Si cantilever are fabricated to compare the theoretical resonance frequency fr obtained from the simple model and experimental ones. They had good agreement. From the sensing principle the sensing frequency range of the vibration is suitable below the fr of the Si cantilever of the sensor.
Prognostics and Health Management for Maintenance Practitioners - Review, Implementation and Tools Evaluation (2020)

In literature, prognostics and health management (PHM) systems have been studied by many researchers from many different engineering fields to increase system reliability, availability, safety and to reduce the maintenance cost of engineering assets. Many works conducted in PHM research concentrate on designing robust and accurate models to assess the health state of components for particular applications to support decision making. Models which involve mathematical interpretations, assumptions and approximations make PHM hard to understand and implement in real world applications, especially by maintenance practitioners in industry. Prior knowledge to implement PHM in complex systems is crucial to building highly reliable systems. To fill this gap and motivate industry practitioners, this paper attempts to provide a comprehensive review on PHM domain and discusses important issues on uncertainty quantification, implementation aspects next to prognostics feature and tool evaluation. In this paper, PHM implementation steps consists of; (1) critical component analysis, (2) appropriate sensor selection for condition monitoring (CM), (3) prognostics feature evaluation under data analysis and (4) prognostics methodology and tool evaluation matrices derived from PHM literature. Besides PHM implementation aspects, this paper also reviews previous and on-going research in high-speed train bogies to highlight problems faced in train industry and emphasize the significance of PHM for further investigations.
Melting Kinetics of Superheated Polymer Crystals Examined by Isothermal and Nonisothermal Fast Scanning Calorimetry (2021)

Quantitative analyses of the melting kinetics of superheated polymer crystals, including the isothermal analysis of the time dependence of melting and nonisothermal analysis of the heating-rate dependence of melting, were carried out by fast scanning calorimetry on linear polyethylene that has a narrow melting temperature region. The time evolution of the decrease in the total crystallinity during melting was modeled using a first-order kinetic equation with a rate coefficient, which defines a characteristic melting time under isothermal conditions. A superheating-dependent rate coefficient characterizes the heating-rate dependence of the nonisothermal melting. The obtained results of both analyses consistently suggest the presence of a superheating-dependent melting kinetics unique to initially metastable long-chain polymer crystals with the melting rate nonlinearly dependent on superheating. The dependence is exponential at least in a certain range of superheating. Examinations of the dependence on crystallization temperature, which controls the thickness of lamellar crystals, suggest an activated process of detaching a whole crystalline stem. A possible mechanism of the activation barrier is discussed in connection with distinct types of chain folding.
Bridging the Gap: Extending MPEG Audio Down to 8 kbit/s (1997)

MPEG Audio is more and more becoming the "do-it-all"system for applications in speech and audio coding ranging from a few kbit/s to several hundred kbit/s. Originally devised for transparent coding of high quality audio the market place demands the application of the same ideas to "intermediate quality" audio or even speech coding at bit rates comparable to those of classical speech coding schemes. The paper gives an overview over recent developments regarding audio coding at bit rates below 64 kbit/s/ch. These include the MPEG-2 Low Sampling Frequencies mode, MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding (MPEG-2 AAC) and MPEG-4 audio.
Acoustic diffraction from a semi-infinite elastic plate under arbitrary fluid loading with application to scattering from Arctic ice leads (1989)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution May 1989
Near field focusing using an impedance loaded wire lens with phase conjugating properties (2009)

In this paper we presented the first analytically justified study of the operation of an inductively loaded phase conjugating wire array as a means for near field focusing. We have definitively shown that inductive loading of the array leads to a generation of the near scattered field predominantly determined by a convolution of a current distribution with the real part of the Greens function which oscillates at a subwavelength scale. In addition we have shown both analytically and numerically the role of phase conjugation in providing constructive near field focus formation. Further it has been shown that interleaving the wires with absorptive material permits subwavelength near field beam formation with low side lobe levels.
Lipid and mercury profiles of 61 mid-trophic species collected off south-eastern Australia (2010)

Total mercury (Hg) concentrations and lipid composition data, including fatty acid profiles, for 61 mid-trophic species (fish, cephalopods, crustaceans) collected from continental slope waters off south-east Australia were examined. Overall, Hg concentrations were greatest in fish (0.01–0.30 µg g–1 ww) (with highest content found in barracouta (Thyrsites atun) and whiptails (Coelorinchus fasciatus)), compared with cephalopods (0.01 and 0.17 µg g–1 ww) and crustaceans (&amp;lt;0.04 µg g–1 ww). Lipid composition varied between species and within habitat (mesopelagic, bathypelagic and benthic). Mean total lipid content ranged from 0.5 to 13.2% ww, and in most species was dominated by triacylglycerols and phospholipids. In fish and squid, fatty acids were generally dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas crustaceans were higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Multidimensional scaling analyses separated species into groupings according to their fatty acid composition that could be interpreted with taxonomic, trophic and habitat information. Discriminant function analyses indicated the most influential (predictor) fatty acids for each group. Biochemical profile classifications can be used in wider trophodynamic studies to understand contaminant transfer, trophic relationships and community dynamics in marine environments.
A Low-temperature Axially Polar Ferroelectric Columnar Liquid Crystal Compound Possessing Branched Alkyl Chains (2020)

Ferroelectric columnar liquid crystals have received much attention as energy-saving electronic materials. In this study, an N,N′-bis(3,4,5-tris((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)urea was synthesized and characterized. As a result, the compound exhibited a ferroelectric columnar liquid crystal phase at low-temperature (63–103 °C), and succeeded in significantly lowering the temperature compared to conventional ferroelectric urea compounds (>105 °C). This is the first example where ferroelectricity is greatly affected by the temperature in a columnar liquid crystal phase. An N,N′-bis(3,4,5-tris((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)urea was synthesized and characterized. The compound exhibited a low-temperature (63–103 °C) ferroelectric columnar liquid crystal phase compared to that of the conventional ferroelectric urea compound (>105 °C). Adjusting the intermolecular interaction by introducing bulky branched alkyl chains into the electro-responsive molecule is one effective way to realize low-temperature ferroelectric columnar liquid crystals.
Физические основы самосогласованного моделирования процессов генерации интерфейсных состояний и транспорта горячих носителей в транзисторах на базе структур металл-диэлектрик-кремний (2018)

AbstractA detailed simulation of degradation (caused by hot charge carriers) based on self-consistent consideration of the transport of charge carriers and the generation of defects at the SiO_2/Si interface is carried out for the first time. The model is tested using degradation data obtained with decananometer n -type-channel field-effect transistors. It is shown that the mutual influence of the above aspects is significant and their independent simulation gives rise to considerable quantitative errors. In calculations of the energy distribution for charge carriers, the actual band structure of silicon and such mechanisms as impact ionization, scattering at an ionized impurity, and also electron–phonon and electron–electron interactions are taken into account. At the microscopic level, the generation of defects is considered as the superposition of single-particle and multiparticle mechanisms of breakage of the Si–H bond. A very important applied aspect of this study is the fact that our model makes it possible to reliably assess the operating lifetime of a transistor subjected to the effects of “hot” charge carriers.
ICONE15-10523 RADIOACTIVE CARBON ISOTOPE MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON CAVITY RING-DOWN LASER SPECTROSCOPY FOR DECOMMISSIONING PROCESS OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES (2007)

In decommissioning process of nuclear facilities, large amount of radioactive isotopes are discharged as waste. Radioactive carbon isotope (^<14>C) is one of the key nuclides to determine the upper limit of concentration in the waste disposal. In particular, ^<14>C on the graphite reactor decommissioning should be separated from stable carbon isotopes (^<12>C and ^<13>C) and monitored for the public health and safety. We propose an isotope analysis system based on cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy (CRDS) to monitor the carbon isotopes (^<12>C, ^<13>C and ^<14>C) in the isotope separation process for the graphite reactor decommissioning. This system is compact and suitable for a continuous monitoring, because the concentration of molecules including the carbon isotope is derived from its photo absorbance with ultra high sensitive laser absorption spectroscopy. Here are presented the necessary conditions of CRDS system for ^<14>C isotope analysis through the preliminary experimental results of ^<13>C isotope analysis with a prototype system.
Demonstration of Treponema pallidum in a Cutaneous Gumma by Indirect Immunofluorescence (1983)

Treponema pallidum was demonstrated in a cutaneous, tertiary syphilitic lesion by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, but not by darkfield microscopy illumination or silver stain. The numerous organisms observed by this method may help explain the histologically vigorous tissue reaction in tertiary syphilis, despite the scarcity of organisms demonstrable by other methods.