gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RED-Net: A Recurrent Encoder-Decoder Network for Video-based Face Alignment (2018)

We propose a novel method for real-time face alignment in videos based on a recurrent encoder-decoder network model. Our proposed model predicts 2D facial point heat maps regularized by both detection and regression loss, while uniquely exploiting recurrent learning at both spatial and temporal dimensions. At the spatial level, we add a feedback loop connection between the combined output response map and the input, in order to enable iterative coarse-to-fine face alignment using a single network model, instead of relying on traditional cascaded model ensembles. At the temporal level, we first decouple the features in the bottleneck of the network into temporal-variant factors, such as pose and expression, and temporal-invariant factors, such as identity information. Temporal recurrent learning is then applied to the decoupled temporal-variant features. We show that such feature disentangling yields better generalization and significantly more accurate results at test time. We perform a comprehensive experimental analysis, showing the importance of each component of our proposed model, as well as superior results over the state of the art and several variations of our method in standard datasets.
Computational Models to Determine Transport and Hydrolysis Rate Parameters of Contaminants in a Water Distribution System (2008)

Abstract : The anthrax attacks of September 18, 2001 refocused attention on methods of asymmetric warfare including introduction of contaminants into water distribution systems. To predict the outcome of such an event, previous chemical models of transport in water distribution systems assumed that any contaminant would move through the system via pure hydraulic transport, meaning that the contaminant would not interact with the pipe wall. Such models predict that flushing a system with uncontaminated water would clear away contaminants fairly rapidly. Previous field experience with actual contamination events (O'Brien, 2003) showed that flushing contaminants was quite slow and difficult in practice. For example, in 1980, a chlordane contamination event in Pittsburgh, PA required a flushing program of 8 months duration for 2000 affected customers. For military installations, such a long delay represents an intolerable risk to mission capability (Hock et al., 2005; Ginsberg and Hock, 2004). The research described uses computational chemistry to calculate, ab-initio, time constants associated with sorption, desorption, and hydrolysis using only selective verification by empirical methods. The computational methods used include: molecular dynamics using NAnoscale Molecular Dynamics (NAMD) to describe sorption and desorption, Turbomol and Cosmotherm to obtain correlations to molecular morphology that are less computationally expensive than NAMD, and density functional theory (DFT) combined with the polarizable continuum model (PCM) in Gaussian03 to predict reaction rates of hydrolysis.
Parameter Set-mapping using kernel-based PCA for linear parameter-varying systems (2014)

This paper proposes a method for reduction of scheduling dependency in linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. In particular, both the dimension of the scheduling variable and the corresponding scheduling region are shrunk using kernel-based principal component analysis (PCA). Kernel PCA corresponds to linear PCA that is performed in a high-dimensional feature space, allowing the extension of linear PCA to nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Hence, it enables the reduction of complicated coefficient dependencies which cannot be simplified in a linear subspace, giving kernel PCA an advantage over other linear techniques. This corresponds to mapping the original scheduling variables to a set of lower dimensional variables via a nonlinear mapping. However, to recover the original coefficient functions of the model, this nonlinear mapping is needed to be inverted. Such an inversion is not straightforward. The reduced scheduling variables are a nonlinear expansion of the original scheduling variables into a high-dimensional feature space, an inverse mapping for which is not available. Therefore, we cannot generally assert that such an expansion has a “pre-image” in the original scheduling region. While certain pre-image approximation algorithms are found in the literature for Gaussian kernel-based PCA, we aim to generalize the pre-image estimation algorithm to other commonly used kernels, and formulate an iterative pre-image estimation rule. Finally, we consider the case study of a physical system described by an LPV model and compare the performance of linear and kernel PCA-based LPV model reduction.
Influences of orally administered lactoferrin on IFN-γ and IL-10 production by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and mesenteric lymph-node cellsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 7th International Conference on Lactoferrin: Structure, Function, and Applications, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process. (2006)

Intestinal mucosal immunity plays an important role in mucosal and systemic immune responses. We investigated the influences of orally administered bovine lactoferrin (LF) on cytokine production by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and mesenteric lymph-node (MLN) cells, especially T cells. Bovine LF or bovine serum albumin (control) was administered to mice once daily for 3 d. After 24 h from the last administration, IEL of the jejunum and ileum and MLN cells were isolated. These cells were cultured with and without the anti-T-cell-receptor antibody, and then the culture supernatants were assayed for cytokines with ELISA. Oral LF did not affect the ratio of T-cell subpopulations in IEL and MLN; however, LF enhanced both interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 production by unstimulated IEL and by IEL stimulated with the alphabeta T-cell receptor but not with the gammadelta T-cell receptor. LF also enhanced both IFN-gamma and IL-10 production by stimulated and unstimulated MLN cells. The production level of IFN-gamma by MLN cells was correlated with that of IL-10. These results suggest that oral LF enhances the production of both Th1-type and Th2/Tr-type cytokines in the small intestine of healthy animals.
Indirect 4D nonlocal means (2014)

In this work, we present a new approach to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of 3D vector-valued images. We extend the original nonlocal means proposed by Buades to 3D vector-valued images. In the proposed approach, the similarity between vector-valued voxels is calculated indirectly from a smoothed image, avoiding the use of patches and making use of the entire spectral information. Moreover, we introduce weights in the calculus of the similarity to favor low-noise channels. The weights are estimated automatically from a wavelet analysis of each channel. Results on real PET Dynamic acquisitions and GATE Monte Carlo simulations illustrate the potential of the proposed method, which led to distinct improvements of figures of merit over several other approaches from the literature.
Phase II study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of MEDI4736 in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). (2015)

TPS2077 Background: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is widely expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC) and other immune cells. PD-L1 binds two important regulatory receptors on T-cells: programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and CD80/B7. Targeting Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, have demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity among other challenging solid tumors and growing data implicates PD-1/PD-L1 signaling as a significant contributor to immunosuppression in glioblastoma (GBM). PD-1 is expressed by many GBM infiltrating lymphocytes while PD-L1 is expressed by 61-100% of GBM tumors. Furthermore, loss of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, which occurs in 40-50% of GBM tumors, leads to increased transcription and expression of PD-L1 in GBM. These findings indicate that PD-L1 is an attractive and important therapeutic target in GBM. MEDI4736 (M), a human IgG1κ blocking monoclonal antibody against PD-L1, represents a compelling immune-mediated anti-tumor treatment for GBM. Methods: Phase II, multicenter, open-label study (NCT02336165) is evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of M in GBM patients. Eligible patients include those who are newly diagnosed with unmethylated MGMT GBM scheduled for standard radiotherapy (Cohort A); Bevacizumab-naïve patients with recurrent GBM (Cohort B); and Bevacizumab-refractory patients with recurrent GBM (Cohort C). Cohort A patients will receive M at 10 mg/kg i.v. Q2W for up to 12 months beginning with standard radiotherapy. Cohort B will receive M at 10 mg/kg i.v. Q2W for up to 12 months as monotherapy. Cohort C will receive M at 10 mg/kg i.v. Q2W for up to 12 months in combination with continued bevacizumab at 10 mg/kg Q2W. Primary endpoints include overall survival (OS) at 12 months (cohort A), progression free survival rate at 6 months (PFS-6) (cohort B) and OS-6 (cohort C). Secondary endpoints are safety/tolerability, PFS, median OS, radiographic response, and quality of life (QoL) by EORTC QLQ-C30/BN20. Exploratory endpoints are patient neurologic function using the Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (NANO) scale, as well as immuno-correlative biomarkers and pharmacokinetics. Clinical trial information: NCT02336165.
Sustainable Electrical Energy Storage through the Ferrocene/Ferrocenium Redox Reaction in Aprotic Electrolyte (2014)

Abstract The large‐scale, cost‐effective storage of electrical energy obtained from the growing deployment of wind and solar power is critically needed for the integration into the grid of these renewable energy sources. Rechargeable batteries having a redox‐flow cathode represent a viable solution for either a Li‐ion or a Na‐ion battery provided a suitable low‐cost redox molecule soluble in an aprotic electrolyte can be identified that is stable for repeated cycling and does not cross the separator membrane to the anode. Here we demonstrate an environmentally friendly, low‐cost ferrocene/ferrocenium molecular redox couple that shows about 95 % energy efficiency and about 90 % capacity retention after 250 full charge/discharge cycles.
Maternal Delay and Social Discounting Behavior Predicts Impaired Mother‐Infant Bonding, Maternal Stress, and Paternal Involvement (2015)

Maternal care is a major determinant of offspring well‐being, but psychiatric conditions, such as depression and addiction, can interfere with maternal behavior and lead to poor offspring outcomes. We report an ongoing pilot study performed to develop tasks that objectively quantify maternal behavior in three groups of early postpartum women: healthy, depressed and opioid dependent. These innovative tasks are modified classical behavioral paradigms that exploit the Stroop effect (infant Stroop task, iStroop), and delay and social discounting (Maternal Baby Discounting Task, MBDT). Preliminary pooled data (n=4) show strong correlations between multiple MBDT discounting behaviors and mother‐infant bonding (Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire), stress (Parenting Stress Index‐Short Form), and paternal involvement (Parental Responsibility Scale). Lower delay and infant discounting was associated with impaired bonding, pathological anger and rejection, total stress, and paternal involvement. As expected in the iStroop, infant emotion (distressed versus neutral) had no effect as a distractor in this small, primarily depressed sample. Early results suggest that the iStroop and MBDT predict bonding, stress, paternal support and sensitivity to infant cues. The format of these tasks makes them ideal for use in neuroimaging studies to provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying normal and disrupted maternal brain‐behavior development. This study was supported by NIH 2T32DA022981‐06 and a BIRC Endowment Fund grant.
Cross-species analysis of the mammalian β-defensin gene family: presence of syntenic gene clusters and preferential expression in the male reproductive tract (2005)

Mammalian beta-defensins are an important family of innate host defense peptides with pleiotropic activities. As a first step to study the evolutionary relationship and biological role of the beta-defensin family, we identified their complete repertoires in the human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, and dog following systemic, genome-wide computational searches. Although most beta-defensin genes are composed of two exons separated by an intron of variable length, some contain an additional one or two exons encoding an internal pro-sequence, a segment of carboxy-terminal mature sequences or untranslated regions. Alternatively, spliced isoforms have also been found with several beta-defensins. Furthermore, all beta-defensin genes are densely clustered in four to five syntenic chromosomal regions, with each cluster spanning <1.2 Mb across the five species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that, although the majority of beta-defensins are evolutionarily conserved across species, subgroups of gene lineages exist that are specific in certain species, implying that some beta-defensins originated after divergence of these mammals from each other, while most others arose before the last common ancestor of mammals. Surprisingly, RT-PCR revealed that all but one rat beta-defensin transcript are preferentially expressed in the male reproductive tract, particularly in epididymis and testis, except that Defb4, a human beta-defensin-2 ortholog, is more restricted to the respiratory and upper gastrointestinal tracts. Moreover, most beta-defensins expressed in the reproductive tract are developmentally regulated, with enhanced expression during sexual maturation. Existence of such a vast array of beta-defensins in the male reproductive tract suggests that these genes may play a dual role in both fertility and host defense.
Personalized Visual-Interactive Music Classification (2018)

We present an interactive visual music classification tool that will allow users to automatically structure music collections in a personalized way. With our approach, users play an active role in an iterative process of building classification models, using different interactive interfaces for labeling songs. The interactive tool conflates interfaces for the detailed analysis at different granularities, i.e., audio features, music songs, as well as classification results at a glance. Interactive labeling is provided with three complementary interfaces, combining model-centered and human-centered labeling-support principles. A clean visual design of the individual interfaces depicts complex model characteristics for experts, and indicates our work-inprogress towards the abilities of non-experts. The result of a preliminary usage scenario shows that, with our system, hardly any knowledge about machine learning is needed to create classification models of high accuracy with less than 50 labels.
Scattering from 3-D multi-layered surfaces using adaptive integral method (2002)

Like the fast multipole method (FMM), the adaptive integral method (AlM) is a fast integral method that has O(N/sup /spl alpha//logN), /spl alpha/<1.5 computational complexity and O(N/sup /spl alpha//), /spl alpha/<1.5 memory requirements. AlM achieves its memory and complexity reduction by mapping the original edge-basis functions onto a regular grid and then using the Toeplitz property of the Green's function along with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for a fast execution of the matrix-vector products in the iterative solver. So far, application of AIM has been restricted to metallic structures. In this paper, we extend AIM to modeling scattering by three dimensional multi-layered surfaces. For validation RCS results are given for layered and coated spheres and for composite wing-like structures.
Financial Innovation and the Management and Regulation of Financial Institutions (1995)

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<scp>RCT</scp> comparing implants with turned and anodically oxidized surfaces: A pilot study, a 3‐year follow‐up (2012)

After 3 years of loading, in periodontitis susceptible patients, the moderately rough, TiU implants demonstrated a similar clinical outcome compared with the smoother, turned implants. Longer follow-up and studies using different implant types are needed to confirm the statement that minimally and moderately rough implant surfaces perform similar, both from a clinical and from a microbiological point of view.
Consistent Windowing Interfaces in Distributed Heterogeneous Environments (1999)

The majority of windowing systems provide a single, unique “look and feel” which applications must assume. Users of multi-platform environments are forced to accept that applications appear and behave differently depending on the platform. This paper describes DHE-Win, an open distributed software architecture that allows users, even in heterogeneous environments, to control the appearance and behaviour of applications. DHE-Win allows users of multi-platform environments to benefit from applications having a consistent appearance and behaviour. Furthermore, it is shown that DHE-Win architecture is radically simpler to implement than existing windowing toolkits, thanks to its highly modular structure and separation of policy and mechanism.
Figure S4 from Alpha-smooth Muscle Actin Expression in the Stroma Predicts Resistance to Trastuzumab in Patients with Early-stage HER2-positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Scatter plots showing the correlation between digital counts of a-SMA in leukocyte, macrophage (A) and stroma compartments (B). Scatter plots showing the correlation between digital counts of a-SMA in stroma, CTLA-4 in leukocyte (C) and CD45 in leukocyte compartments.&lt;/p&gt;
State selective electron transport through electronic surface states of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mi>H</mml:mi><mml:mtext>‐</mml:mtext><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>0001</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>‐</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2008)

We investigate charge transport through electronic surface states of the $6H\text{\penalty1000-\hskip0pt}\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{C}(0001)\text{\penalty1000-\hskip0pt}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3$ surface. Three intrinsic surface states are located within the wide bulk band gap, in which two (${S}_{1}$ and ${U}_{1}$) arise from strongly correlated electronic states and the third $({S}_{2})$ has negligible electron correlation effects. Combined conductance and luminescence experiments with the scanning tunneling microscope show that the Mott-Hubbard surface states (${S}_{1}$ and ${U}_{1}$) have a high resistance $(1.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}\ensuremath{\Omega})$, while the noncorrelated state $({S}_{2})$ has a negligible resistance. Consequently, current can be selectively transported through any of these three surface states.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatocellular necrosis due to clove oil (1992)

We describe the case of a 2-year-old child who suffered from disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and hepatocellular necrosis, following ingestion of clove oil. The patient was treated with heparin and fresh frozen plasma, and, following specific haemostasis assays, with appropriate coagulation factor and inhibitor concentrates. The case demonstrates how this approach can be successfully used in the management of DIC with coexisting liver failure.
Comparison of antigenic differences in the HA structures of 1918, Cal/09 and Bris/59/07 viruses. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Ribbon representation of an HA monomer (H1 and H2) of the three viruses. Individual antigenic sites are highlighted by green ellipses in the HA monomers. (B) Top panel: Zenithal surface top view of HA trimeric complexes depicting antigenic sites and their differences among 1918, Cal/09 and Bris/59/07 viruses. Blue color corresponds to conserved amino acids and red color represents amino acids that differ from 1918 HA. The antigenic sites are colored in light blue. Bottom panel: Close-up view of antigenic site Sa in monomeric 1918 and Cal/04 HAs. Amino acids K171, G172 and K180 (K157, G158 and K166 by H3 numbering) corresponding to mAb escape mutations are shown in yellow.&lt;/p&gt;
Integration of real-time x-ray fluoroscopy, rotational x-ray imaging, and real-time catheter tracking for improved navigation in interventional cardiac electrophysiology procedures (2006)

A novel approach is presented which combines rotational X-ray imaging, real-time fluoroscopic X-ray imaging and real-time catheter tracking for improved guidance in interventional electrophysiology procedures. Rotational X-ray data and real-time fluoroscopy data obtained from a Philips FD10 flat detector X-ray system and are registered with real-time localization data from catheter tracking equipment. The visualization and registration of rotational X-ray data with catheter location data enables the physician to better appreciate the underlying anatomy of interest in three dimensions and to navigate the interventional or mapping device more effectively. Furthermore, the fused information streams from rotational X-ray, real-time X-ray fluoroscopy and real-time three-dimensional catheter locations offer a direct imaging feedback during interventions, facilitating navigation and potentially improving clinical outcome. With the technique one is able to reduce the fluoroscopic time required in a procedure, since the catheter is registered and visualized with off-line projection data from various view angles. We show a demonstrator which integrates, registers, and visualizes the various data streams. It can be implemented in the clinical work-flow with reasonable effort. Results are presented based on an experimental setup. Furthermore, the robustness and the accuracy of this technique have been determined based on phantom studies.
Exploiting mathematical models to illuminate electrophysiological variability between individuals (2012)

Across individuals within a population, several levels of variability are observed, from the differential expression of ion channels at the molecular level, to the various action potential morphologies observed at the cellular level, to divergent responses to drugs at the organismal level. However, the limited ability of experiments to probe complex interactions between components has hitherto hindered our understanding of the factors that cause a range of behaviours within a population. Variability is a challenging issue that is encountered in all physiological disciplines, but recent work suggests that novel methods for analysing mathematical models can assist in illuminating its causes. In this review, we discuss mathematical modelling studies in cardiac electrophysiology and neuroscience that have enhanced our understanding of variability in a number of key areas. Specifically, we discuss parameter sensitivity analysis techniques that may be applied to generate quantitative predictions based on considering behaviours within a population of models, thereby providing novel insight into variability. Our discussion focuses on four issues that have benefited from the utilization of these methods: (1) the comparison of different electrophysiological models of cardiac myocytes, (2) the determination of the individual contributions of different molecular changes in complex disease phenotypes, (3) the identification of the factors responsible for the variable response to drugs, and (4) the constraining of free parameters in electrophysiological models of heart cells. Together, the studies that we discuss suggest that rigorous analyses of mathematical models can generate quantitative predictions regarding how molecular-level variations contribute to functional differences between experimental samples. These strategies may be applicable not just in cardiac electrophysiology, but in a wide range of disciplines.