gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Schottky barrier for plasmon-induced hot-electron passivation of defect environments of semiconductor quantum dots (2019)

Abstract Metal oxide plasmonic metafilms consisting of a Au/Si Schottky barrier in close vicinity of a Si/Al oxide charge barrier can suppress defect-induced non-radiative decay rates of semiconductor quantum dots, enhancing their emission efficiency beyond what the near field enhancement of metallic nanostructures (Purcell effect) can offer (Sadeghi et al 2017 Nanotechnology 29 015402). In this paper we study the impact of the efficiency of the hot electron transfer across the Schottky barrier on such plasmon-induced suppression of the impact of the defect environments. For this the emission intensity and dynamics of quantum dots on such metafilms are studied as the structural features of the Schottky barrier are controlled. We consider the Si layer that separates the Schottky barrier from the charge barrier is either intrinsically undoped, p-doped, or n-doped. Our results show the metafilms with n-type Si can elongate the emission lifetime of the quantum dots the most, suggesting a superior quarantine of excitons against the defect environments. This highlights the fact that n-type Schottky barriers can more efficiently capture the hot electrons generated via non-radiative decay of plasmons. This allows an improved plasmon-induced screening of the excitons against the defect environment.
Controlling the optical properties of Gallium nanoparticles with a beam of electrons (2004)

For the first time, we show that a beam of electrons can change the optical properties of a nanoparticle film through the mechanism of controlling the structural phase coexistence in the nanoparticles. This study is motivated by a desire to understand the exciting physics of phase equilibria in metallic nanoparticles and clusters, and is stimulated by interest in the properties of metallic nanoparticles relating to their potential role in future highly integrated photonic devices, as the active elements of waveguiding and switching structures addressed by an electron beam.
ELBOW PAIN-FORMER COLLEGIATE/AAA BASEBALL PITCHER (1999)

842 HISTORY: A 38-year-old white male right hand dominant former collegiate and minor league pitcher presented with right elbow pain and complaints of decreased range of motion of insidious onset. He pitched batting practice to his two sons over the summer that approximated 150-200 pitches each weekend, and had noticed increasing elbow discomfort and stiffness following this activity. He also complained of losing full extension on his jump shot in basketball and "more than usual" elbow soreness after playing tennis. Despite the above he also played eighteen holes of golf twice a week over the summer. He denied previous injury or trauma to his elbow, despite his prior pitching career. He denied any numbness or tingling in the right upper extremity but acknowledged a feeling of weakness in his upper arm. He had no complaints of neck or shoulder discomfort. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Examination revealed a well developed healthy appearing white male. Neck and right shoulder range of motion was full and without pain. The right elbow had approximately 10-15 degrees of flexion contracture. No joint crepitance nor gross joint effusion was appreciated. There was full elbow flexion but with mild pain. Supination and pronation of the forearm was normal. The right elbow was slightly warm to the touch but without signs of overlying skin infection, rash, or olecranon bursal swelling. Palpation revealed tenderness over the medial epicondyle and posterior elbow. Valgus stressing of the ulnar collateral ligament produced mild pain without significant laxity. Strength testing revealed pain and weakness with resistance to elbow extension, augmented with the addition of valgus force. Mild pain was present to resisted wrist flexion and pronation. Tinel's sign and provocative elbow flexion test for cubital tunnel syndrome was negative. Strength testing of the wrist and hand were normal. Neurovascularly, the right upper extremity was intact. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Valgus extension overload syndrome Ulnar collateral ligament sprain Triceps tendonitis/tear Flexor-pronator syndrome/strain Medial epicondylitis Loose bodies/occult fracture/tumor Neuropathy TESTS AND RESULTS: Right elbow anterior-posterior and lateral radiographs: expansile epiphyseal mass involving the distal humerus with questionable volar cortex involvement approximately 5 mm lesion in the distal diaphysis of the right humerus MRI of the right elbow: epiphyseal mass distal humerus (3.5 cm × 2.5 cm) 8 mm intramedullary mass distal diaphysis Bone scan: large lesion of the distal right humerus metabolically active tiny lesion posterior cortex distal diaphysis right humerus metabolically active no other areas of increased uptake identified Biopsy: -consistent with giant cell tumor Labs/other: CBC, chem panel, PSA, CXR-normal FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Giant cell tumor of the right distal humerus TREATMENT: Biopsy and curettage with subsequent phenol irrigation Monitor for local recurrence Monitor for metastases with CXR every six months x 4, then yearly Post-operative rehabilitation
Global systems biology and personalized healthcare solutions. (2006)

Most drugs don't work optimally in most patients. The same drug can exert a significant overall therapeutic benefit in some patients while post a pronounced overall toxicity risk in others with the same disease. Pharmacogenomics has progressively received attention in the drug development process. But genetics is not the only factor that contributes to the differences that individual patients respond to drugs. Enter global systems biology.
Profile Measurement of Large Aspheric Optical Surface by Scanning Deflectometry with Rotatable Optical Devices - Error Analysis and Pre-Experiment- (2010)

Large aspheric mirrors with diameter over 300 millimeters with high surface accuracy are wildly used in many areas such as astronomical telescopes. Interferometers are widely used in profile measurement of optical flat and sphere. However, standard reference aspheric surface which is necessary for this method is difficult to make. Scanning defletometry based on ESAD (Extended Shear Angle Difference) is used to measure ultra-precise large near-flat and slight curved optical surface with the accuracy of sub-nanometer. However, it is not possible for it to measure aspheric surface because of the limitation of the measuring range of autocollimators. We proposed a new measuring method to scan the surface of a large aspheric optical surface using autocollimator with rotatable optical devices fixed on linear motion stage. To eliminate the influence of the pitching error of the scanning stage, we use two mirrors reflecting laser comes from autocollimator, which have the same effect with a pentaprism used in ESAD. To enlarge the measuring range of the autocollimator, we use a rotatable mirror to fit the changes of the slope of the mirror surface under measurement. The error analysis of the method is done. Measurement of an optical flat mirror and a sphere mirror with diameter of 50 mm and biggest slope of 6000 arc-second are done. The rotatable optical devices that we designed are proved effective on eliminating the pitching error of the moving stage.
Propylene Glycol as a Cause of Lactic Acidosis (1985)

Propylene glycol (PG) concentrations were measured in 35 sera and eight cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from five patients receiving intravenous medications containing PG as a vehicle. Serum concentrations ranged from 6 to 711 mg/L, and CSF concentrations from 11 to 566 mg/L. The CSF concentrations were as high as 85% of the serum concentrations. In several instances, PG was also measured in urine and pleural fluid. Lactate concentrations ranged up to 24.1 mEq/L (217 mg/dL) and showed statistically significant correlation (r = 0.921) with the PG concentrations in serum (p less than 0.01). The PG:creatinine clearance ratios in two patients were 35.5% and 48.8%. Serum half-lives in two patients were 4.7 and 5.6 hrs. Propylene glycol administration may be an important cause of lactic acidosis in the hospitalized patient.
Cataractogenesis after Repeat Laser in situ Keratomileusis (2012)

There has been the unsubstantiated clinical impression that laser refractive surgery accelerates cataract development along with solid experimental data about the cataractogenic effects of excimer laser treatment. We present the first documented case of significant cataract formation in a young myope after repeat excimer laser ablation necessitating phacoemulsification with a posterior chamber implant. Proposed explanations include focusing of the ablation wave on the posterior capsule (acoustic wave lens epithelial damage), photooxidative stress of the lens (ultraviolet and inflammatory oxidative stress), and corticosteroid-induced cataract (lens toxicity).
Dynamic relationships among tumor, immune response, and microbiota (2019)

Recently, the analysis of microbiota has been of interest not only for the clarification of the molecular mechanisms of disease etiology, but also the discovery of novel strategies for treatment. Following the development of "next-generation" sequencing, novel areas have been discovered in microbiota; however, in oncology, the relationships between microbiota and cancer have not been fully clarified. In recent literature, surprisingly, detection of gut microbiota in tumor issue itself has been reported. Microbiota might play an important role in carcinogenesis. However, this phenomenon is not well understood, and research in this area has just begun. In the past five years, a paradigm shift has occurred in cancer treatment due to immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has made cure possible even in advanced cancer patients with not only melanoma but also non-small cell lung cancer and others. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of novel immunotherapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and the relationship between microbiota and immunotherapy. It is of significance to clarify this relationship because it may lead to the discovery of predictive markers for immunotherapy and promote clinical efficacy. Finally, we also mention our activities in the construction of a big database for information on immunotherapy and microbiota, which may lead to excellent possibilities of discovering novel strategies for more effective cancer treatments, and may accelerate the alteration of cancers to the classification of chronic nonfatal disease.
An In-vivo Model Of Mammalian Sinoatrial Node Electrical Activity Incorporating An Acetylcholine Activated Potassium Current (2005)

In this paper we present a modified mathematical model of the in-vivo mammalian sinoatrial (SA) node based on the DiFrancesco-Noble (1985) model. Inherent difficulties with the original model which greatly hindered its usefulness for in-vivo simulation have been overcome by adding equations and altering parameters. The new model also incorporates an acetylcholine (ACh) activated potassium current, which is shown to simulate known physiological responses of the node to ACh. Responses of the heart period to various pulses of ACh are then simulated using the model.
Heats of Immersion, Friction, and Wear of Base Oil Fractions (1989)

Heats of immersion were determined for three base oils, their fractions as separated by polarity, and model compounds on a 52 100 steel surface. The method consists of calculating the heat of immersion based on surface tension and contact angle measurements made at temperatures from 25°C to 175°C. Friction and wear tests were performed on the same oils using micro-sample four-ball wear tests. The heat of immersion data were found to be inversely proportional to friction and wear. Model compounds with different functional groups similarly tested, however, suggest molecular structures have a significant role in influencing friction and wear when chemical reactions become the dominant lubrication mechanism rather than adsorption.
P‐16.10: The Introduction of Circuit Simulation Model for TDDI Panels (2021)

The multiplexing of common electrode is the frequently used method in TDDI panels now. By this way, common electrode can be used not only as the electrode of Liquid Crystal, but also as touch sensor of TDDI panel. Due to the coupling effect on common electrode from change of pixel voltage, gate and data signal, the change of common electrode may cause unexpected abnormal voltage difference between common and pixel electrode voltage, which may induce different voltage on Liquid Crystal. In this case, there would be inhomogeneous visual effect between adjacent pixels, which may be captured by human eyes in forms of horizontal stripes, gray blocks and some other defects. In order to forecast and prevent the display defects, we explored the circuit‐simulation model to simulate the voltage change of common electrode, which included the influence of gate, data and pixel. Also, the difference of between adjacent pixels is focused to determine whether visual defects would be seen, and based on this result, the design of touch sensor of TDDI panels may be improved.
Direct Airway Instillation of Neutrophils Overcomes Chemotactic Deficits Induced by Injury (2020)

Injury-derived mtFPs suppress global PMN localization into complex chemotactic environments like infected alveoli. Transplantation of naive exogenous human neutrophils into the airway circumvents that pathologic process and prevents development of post-traumatic pneumonia without injury noted to the recipients.
Primary Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats Leads to Increased Prion Protein in Plasma: A Potential Biomarker for Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury (2014)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is deemed the "signature injury" of recent military conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, largely because of increased blast exposure. Injuries to the brain can often be misdiagnosed, leading to further complications in the future. Therefore, the use of protein biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of TBI is urgently needed. In the present study, we have investigated the plasma levels of soluble cellular prion protein (PrPC) as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of primary blast-induced TBI (bTBI). We hypothesize that the primary blast wave can disrupt the brain and dislodge extracellular localized PrPC, leading to a rise in concentration within the systemic circulation. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to single pulse shockwave overpressures of varying intensities (15-30 psi or 103.4-206.8 kPa] using an advanced blast simulator. Blood plasma was collected 24 h after insult, and PrPC concentration was determined with a modified commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for PrPC. We provide the first report that mean PrPC concentration in primary blast exposed rats (3.97 ng/mL ± 0.13 SE) is significantly increased compared with controls (2.46 ng/mL ± 0.14 SE; two tailed test p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we report a mild positive rank correlation between PrPC concentration and increasing blast intensity (psi) reflecting a plateaued response at higher pressure magnitudes, which may have implications for all military service members exposed to blast events. In conclusion, it appears that plasma levels of PrPC may be a novel biomarker for the detection of primary bTBI.
Electro-Optic Resonant FSR Modulators Based on a Dual-Disc Resonator for Increasing the Sensitivity-Bandwidth Product (2009)

Resonant free-spectral-range (FSR) RF-optic modulators using dual-disc resonators with a 2:1 ratio of the radii of the discs have been proposed and theoretically analyzed to increase the sensitivity-bandwidth product compared with that of a single resonator modulator. The transmission of the coupled resonator structure is analyzed for various coupling parameters. The phase of the larger resonator is electro-optically modulated, and the output fields at the input laser frequency and the generated sideband frequencies are calculated. The detected RF power is then calculated. The modulator sensitivity, 3-dBe modulation bandwidth, and their product have been analyzed. The sensitivity and modulation bandwidth can be increased by factors of 1.9 and 6.4, respectively, for the different cases. The sensitivity-bandwidth product can be increased up to a factor of 3.3 in one design. For ±5% error of the ratio of the radius of each disc, errors of the sensitivity and modulation bandwidth were acceptable.
A Framework for Unique Ring Signatures. (2012)

We propose a simple, general, and unified framework for constructing unique ring signatures that simplify and capture the spirit of linkable ring signatures. The framework, which can be efficiently instantiated in the random oracle and the standard model, is obtained by generalizing the Bellare-Goldwasser “PRF made public ” paradigm. Security of the first instantiation can be tightly related to the DDH problem. The scheme leads to the most efficient linkable/unique ring signature in the random oracle model, for a given level of provable security. The second one based on stronger assumptions partly simplifies and slightly improves sublinear size traceable ring signature of Fujisaki. Both of the improvements would be difficult without the general framework in hand.
Barrierless Reactions of Three Benzonitrile Radical Cations with Ethylene (2020)

Reactions of three protonated benzonitrile radical cations with ethylene are investigated. Product branching ratios and reaction kinetics, measured using ion-trap mass spectrometry, are reported and mechanisms are developed with support from quantum chemical calculations. Reactions proceed via pre-reactive van der Waals complexes with no energy barrier (above the reactant energy) and form radical addition and addition–elimination product ions. Rate coefficients are 4-dehydrobenzonitrilium: 1.72 ± 0.01 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, 3-dehydrobenzonitrilium: 1.85 ± 0.01 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, and 2-dehydrobenzonitrilium: 5.96 ± 0.06 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (with ±50 % absolute uncertainty). A ring-closure mechanism involving the protonated nitrile substituent is proposed for the 2-dehydrobenzonitrilium case and suggests favourable formation of the protonated indenimine cation.
Magnetoresistance, specific heat and magnetocaloric effect of equiatomic rare-earth transition-metal magnesium compounds (2005)

We present a study of the magnetoresistance, the specific heat and the magnetocaloric effect of equiatomic $RET$Mg intermetallics with $RE = {\rm La}$, Eu, Gd, Yb and $T = {\rm Ag}$, Au and of GdAuIn. Depending on the composition these compounds are paramagnetic ($RE = {\rm La}$, Yb) or they order either ferro- or antiferromagnetically with transition temperatures ranging from about 13 to 81 K. All of them are metallic, but the resistivity varies over 3 orders of magnitude. The magnetic order causes a strong decrease of the resistivity and around the ordering temperature we find pronounced magnetoresistance effects. The magnetic ordering also leads to well-defined anomalies in the specific heat. An analysis of the entropy change leads to the conclusions that generally the magnetic transition can be described by an ordering of localized $S=7/2$ moments arising from the half-filled $4f^7$ shells of Eu$^{2+}$ or Gd$^{3+}$. However, for GdAgMg we find clear evidence for two phase transitions indicating that the magnetic ordering sets in partially below about 125 K and is completed via an almost first-order transition at 39 K. The magnetocaloric effect is weak for the antiferromagnets and rather pronounced for the ferromagnets for low magnetic fields around the zero-field Curie temperature.
Heparin and Hormonal Regulation of mRNA Synthesis and Abundance of Autocrine Growth Factors: Relevance to Clonal Growth of Tumors (1991)

Highly sulfated, heparinlike species of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, with heparinlike glycosaminoglycan chains, are extracellular matrix components that are plasma membrane bound in growth-arrested liver cells. Heparins were found to inhibit the growth and lower the clonal growth efficiency of HepG2, a minimally deviant, human hepatoma cell line. Heparan sulfates, closely related glycosaminoglycans present in the extracellular matrix around growing liver cells, had no effect on the growth rate or clonal growth efficiency of HepG2 cells. Neither heparins nor heparan sulfates had any effect on the growth rate or clonal growth efficiency of two poorly differentiated, highly metastatic hepatoma cell lines, SK-Hep-1 and PLC/PRF/5. Heparin's inhibition of growth of HepG2 cells correlated with changes in the mRNA synthesis and abundance of insulinlike growth factor II (IGF II) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta). HepG2 cells expressed high basal levels of mRNAs encoding IGF II and TGF beta that were inducible, through transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, to higher levels by specific heparin-hormone combinations. For both IGF II and TGF beta, the regulation was multifactorial. Transcriptionally, IGF II was regulated by the additive effects of insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone in combination with heparin; TGF beta was regulated primarily by the synergistic effects of insulin and growth hormone in combination with heparin. Posttranscriptionally, the mRNA abundance of the IGF II 4.5- and 3.7-kb transcripts was affected by insulin. Heparin induction of all IGF II transcripts was also dependent on triiodotyronine and prolactin, but it is unknown whether their induction by heparin was via transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms. Heparin-insulin combinations regulated TGF beta posttranscriptionally. The poorly differentiated hepatoma cell lines PLC/PRF/5 and SK-Hep-1 either did not express or constitutively expressed low basal levels of IGF I, IGF II, and TGF beta, whose mRNA synthesis and abundance showed no response to any heparin-hormone combination. We discuss the data as evidence that matrix chemistry is a variable determining the expression of autocrine growth factor genes and the biological responses to them.
Area program in population genetics. Final report, November 1, 1975-August 31, 1982 (1982)

Research results are summarized for the following task areas: (1) Amerindian mutation rates; (2) pilot study of monitoring populations for the frequency of mutation; (3) interdigitation with the biochemical genetics study of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (Hiroshima, Japan); (4) intraindividual variation in erythrocyte blood group antigens as indicators of somatic mutation; (5) in vitro studies of somatic cell mutation rates; (6) development of approaches to the study of mutation rates; and (7) statistical problems associated with the study of mutation and selection. (ACR)
Partition-Mallows Model and Its Inference for Rank Aggregation (2021)

Learning how to aggregate ranking lists has been an active research area for many years and its advances have played a vital role in many applications ranging from bioinformatics to internet commerce. The problem of discerning reliability of rankers based only on the rank data is of great interest to many practitioners, but has received less attention from researchers. By dividing the ranked entities into two disjoint groups, i.e., relevant and irrelevant/background ones, and incorporating the Mallows model for the relative ranking of relevant entities, we propose a framework for rank aggregation that can not only distinguish quality differences among the rankers but also provide the detailed ranking information for relevant entities. Theoretical properties of the proposed approach are established, and its advantages over existing approaches are demonstrated via simulation studies and real-data applications. Extensions of the proposed method to handle partial ranking lists and conduct covariate-assisted rank aggregation are also discussed.