gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Performance Degradation in Sleep-Mode Enabled Core Optical Networks [Invited] (2015)

Energy efficiency is an important target for the management of wavelength-division-multiplexing-based core optical networks. A possible power management strategy for energy-efficient optical networks consists in putting opto-electronic devices (transponders and regenerators) into a low power mode, called sleep or idle, or even turning them off, during low traffic periods. It has been shown that sleep-mode enabled transponders and regenerators yield to substantial energy savings; however, their nonnegligible wake-up time may degrade the network performance in terms of the blocking probability of the connections. Opaque networks, in which transponders are utilized at each node in the end-to-end path, are especially prone to such degradations since multiple network nodes may simultaneously exhaust their pool of transponders due to long wake-up times, increasing the blocking probability. On the other hand, these degradations are less severe in transparent networks. In this paper, we evaluate how the duration of the wake-up time affects the performance of the network in terms of blocking probability depending on its architecture (transparent, translucent, or opaque) and the dynamicity of the traffic. Additionally, we propose a novel routing algorithm to mitigate the blocking probability due to the wake-up time. The benefits of the proposed algorithm are highlighted through extensive results.
Biosynthesis of cell wall mannan in the conidium and the mycelium of<i>Aspergillus</i><i>fumigatus</i> (2016)

The galactomannan is a major cell wall molecule of Aspergillus fumigatus. This molecule is composed of a linear mannan with a repeating unit composed of four α1,6 and α1,2 linked mannose with side chains of galactofuran. To obtain a better understanding of the mannan biosynthesis in A. fumigatus, it was decided to undertake the successive deletion of the 11 genes which are putative orthologs of the mannosyltransferases responsible for establishing α1,6 and α1,2 mannose linkages in yeast. These deletions did not lead to a reduction of the mannan content of the cell wall of the mycelium of A. fumigatus. In contrast, the mannan content of the conidial cell wall was reduced and this reduction was associated with a partial disorganization of the cell wall leading to defects in conidial survival both in vitro and in vivo.
Shaped Charge Jet Characterization and Initiation Test Configuration for IM Threat Testing (2013)

Rocket propelled grenade (RPG) shaped charge attack threats are of particular concern for Insensitive Munitions (IM) development. In response to these threats, the U.S. Project Engineering Office for Ammunition (PEO Ammo) have worked with the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) Energetics and Warheads Division (EWD) to develop a highly reproducible and well characterized standardized 81mm shaped charge jet initiation test configuration. This 81mm shaped charge and jet attack configuration is used to determine whether an acceptable explosion or lower level response is observed. The test is completed as per STANAG 4526. The 81mm shaped charge is comprised of a high precision forged and machined liner made from C101 Oxygen Free Copper (OFE, UNS C10100) and a bare billet LX-14 pressed billet configuration that is machined to final dimensions. This warhead choice overcomes the issue of testing variability observed if actual production RPGs are used for Insensitive Munitions (IM) threat testing. The test configuration includes an aluminum buffer plate that is used to condition the jet for desired jet characteristics, as well as a representation for RPG probe position. Modeling and simulation was used to develop the shaped charge and test configuration. The resulting configuration has been experimentally characterized using flash radiography for short and long stand-off in order to provide quantified jet characterization including velocity profiles, accumulated length, accumulated mass, jet diameter and v2d profiles. The result is a simple reproducible test configuration that represents an RPG attack geometry. The test configuration has been adopted by the U.S. DoD for RPG IM threat testing and has been used on a large variety of munition test articles.
Ultrafast Equal Pulse Correlation Measurements in GaAs Structures with a Near-Field Microscope (1996)

Our work focuses on combining ultrafast time resolved spectroscopy with the subwavelength spatial resolution of Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM). We use a variant of the equal pulse correlation (EPC) [1] in combination with NSOM by sending both pump and probe pulses through a sub-200-nm NSOM tip [2]. While other workers in the field have sent one or both pulses to the sample via conventional far-field optics, our technique has two unique features which may be advantageous, and which form the subject of this paper. The first is an apparent decrease in the depth of field, and the second is the possibility to measure carrier transport with submicron spatial resolution. An arrangement sending both "pump" and "probe" pulses through the NSOM tip [3] may be advantageous when applying NSOM to "thick" samples, such as semiconductor materials and devices, because it appears to have a shallow depth of field built-in to it. We present measurements which put an upper bound on the depth of field in this type of experiment and show the main features of the data can be qualitatively reproduced by a simple dipole model.
Alloreactive Lympohokine-activated killer cells from athymic nude rats do not express CD3-associated α/β or γ/§ T cell recptors (1990)

Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells from athymic nude rats, previously shown to selectively kill MHC-incompatible small lymphocytes in vitro, were examined for rearrangement and expression of genes for the T cell antigen receptors. Southern blots showed no rearrangement of the TCR beta-chain genes, and Northern blots showed transcription only of truncated 1.0 kb beta-chain messages, but not of full-length, 1.3 kb beta-chain mRNA. Transcription of the alpha-chain of the TCR could not be detected, and surface staining with the mAb R73 showed no expression of the rat TCR alpha/beta heterodimer. Transcripts hybridizing with a rat TCR C gamma probe were detected on Northern blots, but probes for all presently characterized mouse V gamma genes failed to hybridize to the same filters, indicating that the C gamma-containing transcripts probably were from non-rearrangement genes. CD3 delta- and epsilon-chain transcripts could not be detected by Northern blot analysis. Less than 2% of the cells stained with the anti-rat CD3 monoclonal antibody 1F4, and incubation with 1F4 had no effect on the alloreactivity of nude rat LAK cells. We have previously shown that immunoglobulin is not involved in the killing of the allogeneic lymphocytes. The most likely interpretation of these results is therefore that nude rat LAK cells express a novel receptor structure involved in allorecognition.
Temperature dependence of excitonic absorption spectra in ZnO/Zn0.88Mg0.12O multiquantum wells grown on lattice-matched substrates (2001)

The excitonic properties of high-quality ZnO/Zn0.88Mg0.12O multiquantum wells grown by laser-molecular-beam epitaxy were investigated using temperature-dependent optical absorption spectra from 5 K to room temperature. The strength of exciton-longitudinal-optical (LO) -phonon coupling was deduced from the temperature dependence of the linewidth of the fundamental excitonic peak. Effective reduction of the exciton-LO-phonon coupling with decreasing the well width was observed, which is consistent with the confinement-induced enhancement of the exciton binding energy. The thermal shift of the lowest excitonic energy is independent of well width, indicating that the strain effect is negligible for this material.
Mechanisms of oxidative damage of low density lipoprotein in human atherosclerosis (1997)

Oxidatively damaged LDL may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Several pathways promote LDL oxidation in vitro but the physiologically relevant mechanisms have proven difficult to identify. Detection of stable compounds that result from specific reaction pathways has provided the first insights into the mechanism of oxidative damage in the human artery wall. Mass spectrometric analysis of protein oxidation products isolated from atherosclerotic tissue implicate tyrosyl radical, reactive nitrogen intermediates and hypochlorous acid in LDL oxidation and lesion formation in vivo. Hypochlorous acid is only generated by the phagocytic enzyme myeloperoxidase, which can also generate tyrosyl radical and reactive nitrogen intermediates. Chiral phase high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of lipid oxidation products suggests that cellular lipoxygenases may also play a role at certain stages. In contrast, LDL isolated from atherosclerotic tissue is not enriched in protein oxidation products characteristic of free metal ions, which are the most widely studied in vitro model of LDL oxidation. These observations provide the first direct chemical evidence for reaction pathways that promote LDL oxidation in human atherosclerosis.
Displacement Analysis of Planar Link Mechanisms with Large-Deflective Elastic Hinges. Proposal of Self-Equilibrium Convergence Method and Its Application to Parallel Spring Mechanism. (1999)

As an effective method to eliminate friction and the need to lubricate between the pairs in the link mechanism, revolute pairs are replaced with large-deflective elastic hinges. In this paper, we propose the self-equilibrium convergence method (SECM) to analyze the large-deformed mechanism, and this method is applied to cantilever beam model with vertical tip load. The validity of proposed method is confirmed when colmparing it with the exact solution. The accuracy of this method is higher with the increasing number of elements and number of iterations. Also, a practical exaImple, it is applied to displacement analysis of the parailel spring mechanism with large-deflective elastic hinges instead of revolute pairs. The validity of this method is confirmed with the results of experiment.
Energy Requirement for Caspase Activation and Neuronal Cell Death (2000)

Recent work has shown that execution of the apoptotic program involves a relatively limited number of pathways. According to a general view, these would converge to activate the caspase family of proteases. However, there is increasing evidence that apoptotic-like features can be found also when cells are treated with inhibitors of caspases as the cell permeable tripeptide, Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoro-methyl-ketone (Z-VAD-fmk), or analogous compounds. This has posed the question as to whether apoptosis may occur in a caspase independent way, and whether caspase inhibitors may then be used to treat diseases characterised by an excess apoptosis. It is also becoming clear, that ATP depletion during the early phases of apoptosis can preclude caspase activation, and consequently switch execution of cell death towards necrosis. In vivo, a block or partial inhibition of the typical apoptotic demise may have profound implications, as persistence of damaged but "undead" cells within the nervous system, followed by delayed lysis may favour neuroinflammatory reactions. In this review, we discuss some recent findings, which suggest that cells may use diverging execution pathways, with different implications in neuropathology and therapy.
State Metric Compression Techniques for Turbo Decoder Architectures (2010)

This papers proposes to compress state metrics in turbo decoder architectures to reduce the decoder area. Two techniques are proposed: the first is based on non-uniform quantization and the second on the Walsh-Hadamard transform followed by non-uniform quantization. The non-uniform quantization technique reduces state metric memory area of about 50% compared with architectures where state metric compression is not performed, at the expense of slightly increasing the error correcting performance floor. On the other hand, the Walsh-Hadamard transform based solution offers a good tradeoff between performance loss and memory complexity reduction, which reaches in the best case 20% of gain with respect to other approaches. Both solutions show lower power consumption than architectures previously proposed to compress state metrics.
OP19 Genetic and functional evidence for a role for CYLD in Crohn's disease: Results from a European consortium (2012)

OP19 Genetic and functional evidence for a role for CYLD in Crohn’s disease: Results from a European consortium I. Cleynen1 *, E. Vazeille2, M. Artieda3, M. Szczypiorska3, M.-A. Bringer2, H. Verspaget4, P. Lakatos5, F. Seibold6, K. Parnell7, R. Weersma8, J. Mahachie9, R. Morgan-Walsh10, D. Staelens1, I. Arijs1, S. Muller11, A. Tordai12, D.W. Hommes13, T. Ahmad14, C. Wijmenga15, S. Pender10, P. Rutgeerts16, D. Lottaz11, K. Van Steen9, S. Vermeire16, A. DarfeuilleMichaud2. 1Catholic University Leuven, Gastroenterology, Leuven, Belgium, 2Universite d’Auvergne, Inserm U1071, France, 3Progenika Biopharma, S.A., Derio, Spain, 4Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Leiden, Netherlands, 5Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary, 6Spitalnetz Bern, Switzerland, 7Peninsula Medical School, United Kingdom, 8University Medical Center Groningen, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands, 9University of Liege, Liege, Belgium, 10University of Southampton, United Kingdom, 11University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 12Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Molecular Diagnostics, Hungary, 13UCLA, Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, United States, 14Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Gastroenterology RM B205, Exeter, United Kingdom, 15University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, 16University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Gastroenterology, Leuven, Belgium
25 GHz-Spaced 10 Gbps×160 Channels, 3000 km E-LEAF Transmission Experiment by using Dispersion Management to Mitigate XPM-induced Waveform Distortion (2003)

We quantitatively analyzed dispersion management to mitigate XPM-induced waveform distortion in a 25-GHz-spaced dense WDM transmission system using E-LEAF in L-band, and we achieved 1.6-Tbps, 3000-km transmission.
Quantum Dot Hybrid Gel Blotting: A Technique for Identifying Quantum Dot-Protein/Protein-Protein Interactions (2009)

We describe an alternative to the molecular biology technique of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-based Western blotting and immunoprecipitation, which is an extensively used method for separating target proteins from complex cellular mixtures and for identification of protein expression and protein-protein interactions. This novel method, called quantum dot (QD) hybrid gel blotting, allows the purification and analysis of the action of QD bioconjugate-protein complexes in live cells. Moreover, these identified interactions can be correlated with spatial location in cells. QD hybrid gel blotting will be useful in the growing fields of molecular biology/proteomics and nanobiotechnology development in several respects: (1) as a method for identifying specific QD-protein interactions in cells, (2) as a method for correlating QD-protein interactions with their spatial location in live cells, (3) as a means to study the size and composition of QD bioconjugate probes/complexes; and, finally, (4) as an improvement over traditional bead-based immunoprecipitation methods for directly isolating and visualizing proteins from complex mixtures.
Few-Cycle-Pulse-Driven Metasurface-Based Multi-Color X-ray Source (2018)

We present a multi-harmonic metasurface-based hard X-ray source in which velocity-matched few-cycle laser pulses lead to output brightness enhancements of over 1000 times compared with the non-optimized case.
Experiments in Transitional Boundary Layers With Emphasis on High Free-Stream Disturbance Level, Surface Concave Curvature and Strong Favorable Streamwise Pressure Gradient Effects (2007)

Experiments on boundary layer transition with flat, concave and convex walls and various levels of free-stream disturbance and with zero and strong streamwise acceleration have been conducted. Measurements of both fluid mechanics and heat transfer processes were taken. Examples are profiles of mean velocity and temperature; Reynolds normal and shear stresses; turbulent streamwise and cross-stream heat fluxed; turbulent Prandtl number; and streamwise variations of wall skin friction and heat transfer coefficient values. Free-stream turbulence levels were varied over the range from about 0.3 percent to about 8 percent. The effects of curvature on the onset of transition under low disturbance conditions are clear; concave curvature leads to an earlier and more rapid transition and the opposite is true for convex curvature This was previously known but little documentation of the transport processes in the flow was available
Expression and function of BMP3 during chick limb development (2008)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play diverse roles in many aspects of skeletal development and bone homeostasis. During endochondral ossification, tight regulation of BMP activity is required to assure proper survival, proliferation and differentiation of skeletal progenitor cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. BMP3, a structurally divergent member of the BMP family, acts as a negative regulator of bone formation by limiting BMP signal transduction. In this study, we focus on the chick limb where we find BMP3 has a unique localization pattern with strong expression in the developing perichondrium. Overexpression of BMP3 in chick wing bud at the onset of chondrogenesis, using replication competent retrovirus, reduces BMP signaling leading to increased cell proliferation and delayed cell differentiation, resulting in expanded skeletal elements and joint fusions. Our results suggest that BMP3 expression in the perichondrium may serve to regulate cartilage cell proliferation by modulating the levels of BMP signaling, thus ensuring proper endochondral ossification.
Selection for Pyrethroid Resistance, Reversion, and Cross-Resistance with Citrus Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (1990)

Journal Article Selection for Pyrethroid Resistance, Reversion, and Cross-Resistance with Citrus Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Get access John A. Immaraju, John A. Immaraju Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. G. Morse J. G. Morse Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 83, Issue 3, 1 June 1990, Pages 698–704, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/83.3.698 Published: 24 September 2014 Article history Received: 29 June 1989 Accepted: 03 November 1989 Published: 24 September 2014
Aging of Water from Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Operations Due to Air Exposure and Effects on Ceramic Membrane Filtration (2012)

The performance of first generation steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) plants for bitumen recovery has improved through operational experience, but there remain ample opportunities for the introduction of technologies that can further improve energy efficiency and plant reliability. Laboratory testing and validation is an important initial step in technology development. A major factor that determines the applicability and validity of testing results is the integrity of process water samples used in lab and field studies for this purpose. The results presented in this paper demonstrate aging of SAGD process water and its direct implication on membrane performance testing. Aging in samples collected after primary bitumen/water separation occurred mainly through reactions of dissolved organic species with air. This resulted in a gradual change in appearance, accompanied by a significantly higher tendency to foul membranes in dead-end filtration tests. The root cause for this change was proposed to be the reaction of phenolic species with oxygen, leading to more compressible and tightly packed filter cakes on the membrane surface. This effect was mitigated by minimizing air exposure during sample collection and handling. These results establish that preventing oxygen exposure to the sample is critical for maintaining sample integrity during a test program. Although this study focuses on filtration, aging effects can also lead to misleading results in laboratory testing of other water treatment processes and must be carefully considered during technology evaluation and development.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AND ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY (EMSAT) Task Order 0003: Design of a Circularly Polarized, 20 60 GHZ Active Phased Array for Wide Angle Scanning (2017)

Abstract : The radiating aperture of a circularly polarized, active electronically scanned array (AESA) that operates from 20 GHz to 60 GHz and scans up to 60 from broadside is reported. Design guidelines for wideband arrays are briefly reviewed, and the linearly-polarized connected Vivaldi array is chosen as the radiating element due to its simplicity in design and fabrication. Infinite array simulations are used to characterize the performance of a linear-to-circular polarizer placed on top of a linearly polarized Vivaldi array. The transmission coefficient and axial ratio of the antenna-polarizer combination are roughly 60% and below 3 dB, respectively, across most of the band and for scan angles up to 60 from normal. The antenna efficiency and axial ratio degrade by 1 dB at some points near the edges of the band and/or at wide scan angles.
Training Load and Energy Expenditure during Military Basic Training Period (2019)

The remarkable training load during BT period is comparable to the training loads of professional athletes participating 3 wk of cycling competition. The training load in BT period was, however, primarily due to duration of low-intensity activities including only some high-intensity military activities. In the future, measuring the training load during the military service is recommended to customize the physical training for conscripts regarding his/her fitness level as much as possible.
TMS320F28335 DSP programming using MATLAB Simulink embedded coder: Techniques and advancements (2017)

This paper provides a tutorial on how to program Texas Instruments™ (TI) TMS320F28335 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) through Code Composer Studio (CCS) version 6 and MATLAB Simulink Embedded Coder. First it shows how to setup Simulink and Embedded Coder and produce code to program TMS320F28335 and variant of TI's C2000 DSPs. It describes how to interact between MATLAB 2015b and CCS V6 and provides an explanation of the vital steps and settings needed to program the DSP. Basic functions such as Pulse Width Modulation, Analog Digital Conversion, and Proportional-lntegral controllers are explained. Finally, closed loop control model for a micro-inverter topology is developed.