gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BAR fault tolerance for cooperative services (2005)

This paper describes a general approach to constructing cooperative services that span multiple administrative domains. In such environments, protocols must tolerate both Byzantine behaviors when broken, misconfigured, or malicious nodes arbitrarily deviate from their specification and rational behaviors when selfish nodes deviate from their specification to increase their local benefit. The paper makes three contributions: (1) It introduces the BAR (Byzantine, Altruistic, Rational) model as a foundation for reasoning about cooperative services; (2) It proposes a general three-level architecture to reduce the complexity of building services under the BAR model; and (3) It describes an implementation of BAR-B the first cooperative backup service to tolerate both Byzantine users and an unbounded number of rational users. At the core of BAR-B is an asynchronous replicated state machine that provides the customary safety and liveness guarantees despite nodes exhibiting both Byzantine and rational behaviors. Our prototype provides acceptable performance for our application: our BAR-tolerant state machine executes 15 requests per second, and our BAR-B backup service can back up 100MB of data in under 4 minutes.
Cyclosporine-Resistant, Rab27a-Independent Mobilization of Intracellular Preformed CD40 Ligand Mediates Antigen-Specific T Cell Help In Vitro (2011)

CD40L is critically important for the initiation and maintenance of adaptive immune responses. It is generally thought that CD40L expression in CD4(+) T cells is regulated transcriptionally and made from new mRNA following Ag recognition. However, recent studies with two-photon microscopy revealed that most cognate interactions between effector CD4(+) T cells and APCs are too short for de novo synthesis of CD40L. Given that effector and memory CD4(+) T cells store preformed CD40L (pCD40L) in lysosomal compartments and that pCD40L comes to the cell surface within minutes of antigenic stimulation, we and others have proposed that pCD40L might mediate T cell-dependent activation of cognate APCs during brief encounters in vivo. However, it has not been shown that this relatively small amount of pCD40L is sufficient to activate APCs, owing to the difficulty of separating the effects of pCD40L from those of de novo CD40L and other cytokines in vitro. In this study, we show that pCD40L surface mobilization is resistant to cyclosporine or FK506 treatment, while de novo CD40L and cytokine expression are completely inhibited. These drugs thus provide a tool to dissect the role of pCD40L in APC activation. We find that pCD40L mediates selective activation of cognate but not bystander APCs in vitro and that mobilization of pCD40L does not depend on Rab27a, which is required for mobilization of lytic granules. Therefore, effector CD4(+) T cells deliver pCD40L specifically to APCs on the same time scale as the lethal hit of CTLs but with distinct molecular machinery.
Enhanced Kinetic Ftir Observation Of Transient Species Generated In SITU By Pulsed Laser Photolysis (1985)

Modern, rapid scanning FTIR spectrometers allow efficient real time sampling of time dependent phenomena such as chromatographic peak elution and chemical reactions. We have particular interest in kinetic and mechanistic studies of catalytic reactions as well as rapid chemical reactions. Using appropriate reactor-cells, we have the potential for observing in situ the existence and fate of short lived species. However, these transient materials, by virtue of their reactivity, are usually difficult to observe in their unenhanced amounts. We have developed techniques which employ ultraviolet, visible, and infrared laser pulses to stimulate reactions in solutions and on surfaces enhancing the occurrence of reactive species. We will present results of an in situ FTIR study of the laser photolysis of iron pentacarbonyl in homogeneous solu-tion and on a porous vycor glass support. An analysis of spectral data from several experiments enabled us to identify reactive iron subcarbonyl species as well as stable compounds and clusters. Spectral stripping procedures were used to quantitate individual components in the kinetic FTIR spectra yielding catalyst lifetimes as short as 0.2 sec. From these experiments we have postulated comprehensive models describing chemical, photochemical, and physical processes in stoichiometric and catalytic reactions of iron carbonyl complexes.
Understanding what makes a good <i>versus</i> a bad vaccine (2005)

The majority of the HIV vaccines under development are aimed at stimulating T cell responses. Therefore, it is critical to delineate the factors regulating the generation of the T cell responses and to develop strategies maximizing vaccine-induced T cell responses. The identification of these factors and the delineation of the kinetics of the generation of vaccine-induced immune responses have been hard to investigate, due to the limited number of precursor naive antigen-specific T cells. To overcome these obstacles, Estcourt and collaborators have developed an elegant strategy that consists of an in vivo mouse model employing transfer of naive CFSE-labeled TCR-transgenic T lymphocytes into syngeneic nontransgenic recipients prior to vaccination. Using this model, the authors demonstrate that the dose, the route of administration and the type of vaccine determine the magnitude, the dissemination and the kinetics of vaccine-induced T cell responses. Furthermore, the mouse model of Estcourt and collaborators may represent the basis for the development of powerful in vivo experimental strategies to evaluate vaccine candidates.
Collision‐induced dissociation of phenethylamides: role of ion‐neutral complexes (2017)

A general scheme for the fragmentation of phenethylamides was developed. This study further extends the knowledge base of the ion-neutral complex by discovering Friedel-Crafts acylation as a novel reaction. The strong influence of minor structural modifications on the fragmentation patterns highlights the importance of testing many analogs in order to fully predict a fragmentation pattern of a particular class of molecules.
Planar flow-by electrode capacitive electrospray ion source (2023)

An electrospray ion source includes a chamber including a channel region therein, the channel including at least one inlet for directing a solution into the channel and at least a first and a second outlet for transmitting the solution or derivatives therefrom out from channel. Structure for separating ions in the solution is provided from separating the solution into at least a first and a second flow stream portion. The first flow stream portion is enriched in negative ions and the second flow stream portion is enriched in positive ions. The first flow stream portion is adapted to exit the chamber through the first outlet while the second flow stream portion is adapted to exit the chamber through the second outlet. A method of charge separation can include the step of simultaneously providing at least two gas phase ion stream portions having opposite polarity.
Pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis occurs with increased frequency in patients with associated primary sclerosing cholangitis. (1996)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), present in 5% of patients with ulcerative colitis, may be associated with pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. The cumulative frequency of pouchitis in patients with and without PSC who underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis was determined. A total of 1097 patients who had an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis, 54 with associated PSC, were studied. Pouchitis was defined by clinical criteria in all patients and by clinical, endoscopic, and histological criteria in 83% of PSC patients and 85% of their matched controls. PSC was defined by clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. One or more episodes of pouchitis occurred in 32% of patients without PSC and 63% of patients with PSC. The cumulative risk of pouchitis at one, two, five, and 10 years after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was 15.5%, 22.5%, 36%, and 45.5% for the patients without PSC and 22%, 43%, 61%, and 79% for the patients with PSC. In the PSC group, the risk of pouchitis was not related to the severity of liver disease. In conclusion, the strong correlation between PSC and pouchitis suggest a common link in their pathogenesis.
Electrocatalytic Dioxygen Reduction at Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Polyaniline Grafted Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Film (2006)

Abstract The work details the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 medium on a modified electrode containing a film of polyaniline (PANI) grafted multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) over the surface of glassy carbon electrode. We have fabricated a novel modified electrode in which conducting polymer is present as connected unit to MWNT. The GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT modified electrode (ME) is fabricated by electrochemical polymerization of a mixture of amine functionalized MWNT and aniline with GC as working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry are used to demonstrate the electrocatalytic activity of the GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT‐ME. The GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT‐ME exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity for ORR. A more positive onset potential and higher catalytic current for ORR are striking features of GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT‐ME. Rapid and high sensitivity of GC/PANI‐g‐MWNT‐ME to ORR are evident from the higher rate constant (7.92×10 2 M −1 s −1 ) value for the reduction process. Double potential chronoamperometry and rotating disk and rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) experiments are employed to investigate the kinetic parameters of ORR at this electrode. Results from RDE and RRDE voltammetry demonstrate the involvement of two electron transfer in oxygen reduction to form hydrogen peroxide in acidic media.
Plasmonics: Nanoimaging, Nanofabrication, and Their Applications IV (2017)

vii Conference Committee xi Introduction xiii Revivals of molecular nonlinear optics in physics, chemistry, and life sciences (Plenary Paper) [7040-100] J. Zyss, Lab. de Photonique Quantique et Moleculaire, CNRS, Institut dAlembert (France) NANOFABRICATION AND LITHOGRAPHY 7033 05 Hierarchical architectures based on optical near-field interactions (Invited Paper) [7033-04] N. Tate, W. Nomura, Univ. of Tokyo (Japan); T. Yatsui, Japan Science and Technology Agency (Japan); M. Naruse, Univ. of Tokyo (Japan) and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (Japan); M. Ohtsu, Univ. of Tokyo (Japan) 7033 06 Photochemical nano-scale patterning with Rhodamine 6G dye from aqueous phase [7033-05] A. Kassu, F. A. Calzzani, Jr., J. M. Taguenang, R. K. Sileshi, A. Sharma, Alabama AM N. Hayazawa, RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan) and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (Japan); M. Motohashi, Osaka Univ. (Japan); S. Kawata, RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), Osaka Univ. (Japan), and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (Japan) NANO-IMAGING I 7033 0E Ultra-high resolution Raman imaging by optically trapped dielectric microsphere (Invited Paper) [7033-13] Z. X. Shen, J. Kasim, Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore) NANO-IMAGING II 7033 0I Nanoscale coupling effects on single particle microscopy (Invited Paper) [7033-17] K. L. Shuford, K. A. Meyer, Oak Ridge National Lab. (United States); C. Li, S. O. Cho, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (Korea, Republic of); W. B. Whitten, R. W. Shaw, Oak Ridge National Lab. (United States)
Diffusion in Aerogels (2021)

In synthesis, processing and applications of aerogels transport of liquids and gases in and through a wet gel or aerogel quite often determine the time scale and the properties. The transport of molecules is a diffusive process, meaning that the molecules move randomly in the solvent biased by concentration or chemical potential gradients. They typically diffuse from points of higher potential (mostly also higher concentration) to regions of lower potential or concentration. Similarly, a diffusion process occurs when a wet gel is washed, for instance, in an ethanol bath to exchange the pore fluid after gelling and ageing to one which is miscible with, for instance, carbon dioxide. In such a situation, the wet gel is overlaid by ethanol, which then diffuses into the pore space. Inasmuch as it diffuses inwards, the gel fluid moves outwards into the ethanol layer. During adsorption and desorption studies on aerogels, nitrogen diffuses into the pore system and will then be adsorbed or desorbed there. This transport takes time, and we discuss characteristic times for such a process. This chapter discusses concepts of diffusion of species in general and in aerogels especially.
Thermally induced surface relief gratings in azobenzene polymers (2000)

Recently, Ramanujam and co-workers described for the first time that surface relief gratings can be inscribed into azobenzene copolymers with a single pair of nanosecond laser pulses. We performed a detailed investigation of the involved processes. Two contributions to the diffraction efficiency are observed, one arising from a surface relief and one from a transient cis–trans grating which decays on millisecond time scales. The stable surface relief, in contrast, is caused by a thermal effect which sets in at a well-defined threshold value of the pulse energy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
Oxide formation and pickling performance of duplex stainless steel 2205 (2009)

Duplex stainless steels have gained popularity due to their high corrosion resistance and higher strength for a lower/more stable raw material cost compared to the austenitic grades. However, proce ...
A study on recorded transitions in particulate perpendicular recording media. (1989)

The shapes of recoeded transitions in a perpendicular recording medium were studied experimentally. using a large-scale model consisting of a single pole head and a particulate recording layer with an underlayer. Magnetization distributions were obtained from the measured magnetic field distributions at the medium surface. The results show that the shapes of the transitions strongly depend on the write current values and the initial erasing conditions. The optimum write current for the large-scale medium corresponds to the value that generates a field 2.6 times larger than the coercivity at the center of the medium.
Whole Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Expressing Ras Mutations as Treatment for Patients With Solid Tumors Bearing Ras Mutations: Results From a Phase 1 Trial (2018)

We are developing whole, heat-killed, recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, engineered to encode target proteins, which stimulate immune responses against malignant cells expressing those targets. This phase 1 trial, enrolling patients with advanced colorectal or pancreas cancer, was designed to evaluate safety, immunogenicity, response, and overall survival of ascending doses of the GI-4000 series of products, which express 3 different forms of mutated Ras proteins. The study enrolled 33 heavily pretreated subjects (14 with pancreas and 19 with colorectal cancer), whose tumors were genotyped before enrollment to identify the specific ras mutation and thereby to identify which GI-4000 product to administer. No dose limiting toxicities were observed and no subject discontinued treatment due to a GI-4000 related adverse event (AE). The majority of AEs and all fatal events were due to underlying disease progression and AE frequencies were not significantly different among dose groups. GI-4000 was immunogenic, as Ras mutation-specific immune responses were detected on treatment in ∼60% of subjects. No objective tumor responses were observed but based on imaging, clinical status and/or biochemical markers, stable disease was observed in 6 subjects (18%) on day 29, while 1 subject had stable disease at days 57 and 85 follow-up visits. The median overall survival was 3.3 months (95% confidence interval, 2.3-5.3 mo), and 5 subjects survived past the 48-week follow-up period. No significant dose-dependent trends for survival were observed. This first clinical trial in humans with GI-4000 demonstrated a favorable safety profile and immunogenicity in the majority of subjects.
Les puces à ADN : un outil pour l'étude de la biologie du myélome multiple DNA microarrays: a tool to investigate the biology of multiple myeloma (2016)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell neoplasia that affects plasma cells located in the bone marrow. Gene expression profile (GEP) analysis through DNA arrays is a powerful tool to dissect the biology of MM. Here we will describe studies that identified new powerful prognostic markers using this technology. In particular, GEP can be used to identify the main chromosomal anomalies, and GEP-based classifications of MM patients into 4 to 7 groups associated with a different prognostic have been reported. We will also describe how GEP analysis of myeloma cells, normal plasma cells and cells of the tumor environment makes it possible to identify of new myeloma growth factors and new potential therapeutic targets for MM.
Soft switching DC-DC boost converter with coupling inductor for continuous current mode operation (2012)

This paper describes the soft switching dc-dc converter with the coupling inductor for continuous current mode operation. The coupling inductor makes the commutation of the auxiliary inductor current at switching off to realize the zero current switching at switching on. The coupling inductor also makes it possible to suppress the overvoltage of the lossless snubber capacitor. The analysis of the characteristics of the coupling inductor is main theme.
Oxygen radicals, oxygen toxicity and the life of microorganisms. (1983)

The electronic structure of dioxygen in the ground state dictates that its reduction occur most easily by a univalent pathway which involves the dangerously reactive intermediates 02-, H202 and OH. The oxygenation of earth’s biosphere 3.5 x 109 years ago provided both opportunity and threat. The opportunity to exploit oxygen for energy-yielding and biosynthetically useful oxidations has been seized, as evidenced by the abundant and predominantly aerobic flora and fauna of this planet. At the same time the threat has been largely neutralized by a variety of defensive strategies. The superoxide dismutases are an important part of this defense against oxygen toxicity. Much of the research on superoxide dismutase has been done with microorganisms, due to their flexibility as laboratory tools and because there appears to be close similarity between oxygen toxicity threat and defense in microorganisms and in higher organisms. Data resulting from this work appear to have application in understanding a number of basic biological and medical phenomena, in particular the mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen toxicity, anoxic tissue damage, anaerobiosis, oxidative damage in aging and mutagenesis, inflammation, phagocytosis, and the pharmacology of certain antitumor drugs and antibiotics. In each of these areas, whether the role of 02- and the other oxygen species ultimately proves to be major or minor, beneficial or harmful, application of the concept of oxygen toxicity to experimental design is resulting in a substantial improvement in our understanding of the mechanisms involved.
A multi-layered graphene based gas sensor platform for discrimination of volatile organic compounds <i>via</i> differential intercalation (2023)

Selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is of critical importance for environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis and industrial applications. Graphene Foam based sensor platform suggests selective determination of VOCs.
Conductor development suitable for HTSC cables (1995)

Five leading European electrical companies have been collaborating within the framework of a BRITE/EURAM project with the aim of selecting and developing a production technology for the construction of underground power cables containing high-temperature superconductors. A laser-melting technique was used to form conductors based on the Y-123 phase and the powder-in-tube (PIT) and thick-film techniques were used to form (Pi, Pb)-2223/Ag composite superconductors. Thallium-containing superconductors and selected 1212-phase cuprates were also examined for their suitability as HTS conductors. The most promising results were obtained with (Bi, Pb)-2223 multifilamentary PIT tapes, and two d.c. cable models have been designed, built and tested using these tapes. The best of the prototypes carried 430 A at 77 K in self-field.
Schwannoma arising in mediastinal lymph node diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound (2019)

Schwannoma is a peripheral nerve sheath tumour that largely originates from the posterior mediastinum. Schwannoma arising in mediastinal lymph node is extremely rare. A 53-year-old female was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of enlarged mediastinal lymph node. Computed tomography scan revealed a non-enhancing soft tissue mass at Rt. paratracheal area. Endobronchial ultrasound showed a well-defined round-shaped lymph node and transbronchial needle aspiration was performed from this lymph node. Pathologic findings revealed spindle cells with strong S100 positivity. Complete surgical excision was done. We report a rare case of schwannoma arising in mediastinal lymph node diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound.
Passive characterization of sopcast usage in residential ISPs (2011)

In this paper we present an extensive analysis of traffic generated by SopCast users and collected from operative networks of three national ISPs in Europe. After more than a year of continuous monitoring, we present results about the popularity of SopCast which is the largely preferred application in the studied networks. We focus on analysis of (i) application and bandwidth usage at different time scales, (ii) peer lifetime, arrival and departure processes, (iii) peer localization in the world. Results provide useful insights into users' behavior, including their attitude towards P2P-TV application usage and the consequent generated load on the network, that is quite variable based on the access technology and geographical location. Our findings are interesting to Researchers interested in the investigation of users' attitude towards P2P-TV services, to foresee new trends in the future usage of the Internet, and to augment the design of their application.
Biomechanical Comparison of Anatomic and Extra-Anatomic Reconstruction Techniques Using Local Grafts for Chronic Instability of the Acromioclavicular Joint (2018)

An anatomic reconstruction is achievable using the CAL and the SCT as on-site graft materials, providing satisfactory initial stability and thereby allowing earlier mobilization.