gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An LPG-Optimized Engine-Vehicle Design (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Most of the present LPG passenger cars and light trucks on the road are based on production gasoline engines. Various retrofit systems for LPG use are offered from different producers. The necessity for a large range of adaptibility to various engine types leaves limited space for individual optimization. Lack of equipment in some service stations is another reason for limited performance of many LPG vehicles on the road.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Only the careful selection of a suitable LPG equipment and its best adaptation to the engine makes the full utilization of all advantages of this excellent engine fuel possible.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Still better results can be obtained if the engine-vehicle concept is optimized to the LPG fuel as well. A lean burn engine promises low emissions at good performance, where the economy of the vehicle i. e. the operation costs depend on the local fuel prices in the different countries.&lt;/div&gt;
Optimizing Well Placement With Quality Maps Derived From Multi-fidelity Meta-models (2012)

Abstract Quality maps have been introduced as an efficient and expedient tool to select infill well placements, quality being a measure of how good an area is expected to be for production. Even though this tool is less CPU-time consuming than optimization algorithms, it still requires a significant number of flow simulations. Solving the computation time problem is even more challenging when dealing with geological uncertainty. In this case, quality maps have to be determined for several possible reservoir models, which clearly induces an increase in the number of flow simulations to be performed. In this paper, we first investigate the impact of geological uncertainty on quality maps. Then, we compare the potential of kriging and multi-fidelity meta-models for approximating quality from a reduced number of flow simulations. The main interest of the multi-fidelity technique is its ability to incorporate data at different levels of resolution. Thus, you can balance the flow simulations performed at the fine scale by flow simulations at the coarse scale. The latter being cheaper to evaluate, the computational overburden is considerably reduced. This approach turns out to be promising for the case studied.
Nuclear detection of Y-boxprotein-1 (YB-1) closely associates with progesterone receptor negativity and is a strong adverse survival factor in human breast cancer (2009)

Monoclonal YB-1 antibody F-E2G5 should be of great value for prospective studies to validate YB-1 as a novel biomarker suitable to optimize breast cancer treatment.
Penetration of Ciprofloxacin into Bone: A New Bioabsorbable Implant (1995)

The implantation of antibiotic-containing cement beads became standard adjuvant local antibiotic therapy of chronic osteomyelitis. The new developed bioabsorbable drug carrier system of polyglycolic acid with the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin was tested in vitro and in vivo. The goal of this study was to determinate the penetration depth of Ciprofloxacin into bone cortex and marrow. Two monofil, PGA cylinders, 3.2 x 5 mm in size, containing 3 mg of Ciprofloxacin each, were implanted into the proximal part of both femora of 18 rabbits (New Zealand white). After sacrifice, the concentration of Ciprofloxacin in micrograms/g cortex and marrow was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography in relation to the distance from the test material at day 2, as well as at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks postimplantation. For a distance up to 5 mm, marrow levels of the drug exceeded cortical levels at day 2 (5000 to 240 micrograms/g). At a distance of 5-10 mm, cortex levels were similar to marrow levels after 2 weeks and were higher than marrow levels at week 3. This observation could be made at a distance between 10 and 15 mm only after 2 days. Later, marrow concentrations again exceeded that in cortex. At a distance of more than 15 mm, antibiotic levels were low and approximated. After 6 weeks, at 5 mm distance, a bactericidal drug concentration of about 2 micrograms/g in bone marrow could be measured. Drug penetration into cortical bone in bactericidal concentrations of about 2 micrograms/g was achieved at up to 30 mm in the first few days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Is Inhaled Furosemide A Potential Therapeutic For COVID-19? (2020)

The potentially lethal COVID-19 infection caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Disease Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into a global crisis. There are two major processes that lead to the morbidity and mortality of this disease: initially the viral infection, followed by a host inflammatory response that frequently results in excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα), developing into a self-targeting toxic “cytokine storm” in which the lungs fill with inflammatory secretions causing critical pulmonary tissue damage. Even though the search for a vaccine and anti-viral agents has already been initiated, the de novo development of a safe, COVID-19 specific solution may take years; regrettably, the need for a therapeutic that is available immediately is growing daily. Therefore, repurposing an already approved drug offers a promising approach to address this urgent need. A truly effective therapeutic, however, should be available not only for the single individual in a developed country, but also for the many people in developing countries. As presented in this review, inhaled furosemide, a small molecule capable of inhibiting IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα within the lung, may be an agent capable of treating the COVID-19 cytokine storm in both resource-rich and developing countries. Furosemide is a “repurpose-able” small molecule therapeutic, that is safe, easily synthesized, handled and stored, and is available in reasonable quantities worldwide.
The antifungal plant defensin AtPDF2.3 from Arabidopsis thaliana blocks potassium channels (2016)

Scorpion toxins that block potassium channels and antimicrobial plant defensins share a common structural CSαβ-motif. These toxins contain a toxin signature (K-C4-X-N) in their amino acid sequence, and based on in silico analysis of 18 plant defensin sequences, we noted the presence of a toxin signature (K-C5-R-G) in the amino acid sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana defensin AtPDF2.3. We found that recombinant (r)AtPDF2.3 blocks Kv1.2 and Kv1.6 potassium channels, akin to the interaction between scorpion toxins and potassium channels. Moreover, rAtPDF2.3[G36N], a variant with a KCXN toxin signature (K-C5-R-N), is more potent in blocking Kv1.2 and Kv1.6 channels than rAtPDF2.3, whereas rAtPDF2.3[K33A], devoid of the toxin signature, is characterized by reduced Kv channel blocking activity. These findings highlight the importance of the KCXN scorpion toxin signature in the plant defensin sequence for blocking potassium channels. In addition, we found that rAtPDF2.3 inhibits the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and that pathways regulating potassium transport and/or homeostasis confer tolerance of this yeast to rAtPDF2.3, indicating a role for potassium homeostasis in the fungal defence response towards rAtPDF2.3. Nevertheless, no differences in antifungal potency were observed between the rAtPDF2.3 variants, suggesting that antifungal activity and Kv channel inhibitory function are not linked.
The modelling of multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters – properly accounting for electron correlation is key! (2021)

With the surge of interest in multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR-TADF) materials it is important that there exist computational methods to accurately model their excited states. Here, building on our previous work, we demonstrate how the Spin-Component Scaling second-order approximate Coupled-Cluster (SCS-CC2), a wavefunction-based method, is robust at predicting the ΔEST (i.e., the energy difference between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states) of a large number of MR-TADF materials, with a mean average deviation (MAD) of 0.04 eV compared to experimental data. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations with the most common DFT functionals as well as the consideration of the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) consistently predict a much larger ΔEST owing to the absence of an explicit account of double (or higher order) excitations. This contribution is key in order to describe more precisely the Coulomb correlation that results in a stabilization of the S1 state. We also employed SCS-CC2 to evaluate donor-acceptor systems that contain a MR-TADF moiety acting as the acceptor and show that the broad emission observed for some of these compounds arises from the solvent-promoted stabilization of a higher-lying charge transfer (CT) singlet state (S2). This work highlights the importance of using wavefunction methods in relation MR-TADF emitter design and associated photophysics.
Results of Photodynamic Therapy in the Combined Treatment of Choroidal Metastasis. (2007)

Choroidal metastasis (CM) are more and more spreading type of eye’s neoplasma. The frequency of CM is increasing with prolonging of cancer patients’ life. And it makes worse the quality of their life because blindness. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is very delicate modality, which can be used for this purpose. The aim of this work was to open the possibility and to determine the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of patients with CM. PDT was performed simultaneously with standard chemotherapy in 8 oncological patients with CM. We used photosensitizer Photosens in doses of 0.3 mg/kg and light doses 150 J/cm2 (675 nm). PDT was performed in the some stances. Its are ranged from 7 to 10. Complete tumor regression was achieved in 6 cases. The high retina ablation was developed in one case. And in one case effect was not complete: tumor size reduced from 5 mm to 3 mm of thickness. We didn’t notice any recurrence for 6-18 months follow-up. PDT is modality that could to be used in the in the combined treatment of the CM.
Surgical corneal clouding. (1988)

Surgical corneal clouding SIR, We were very interested to read the recent paper 'Morphological changes in the human corneal epithelium associated with surgical corneal clouding' by Hague, Dilly, and Thompson,' where they discuss the mechanisms of corneal clouding during cataract surgery which they attributed to epithelial changes.
Microwave-Induced Chemotoxicity of Polydopamine-Coated Magnetic Nanocubes (2015)

Polydopamine-coated FeCo nanocubes (PDFCs) were successfully synthesized and tested under microwave irradiation of 2.45 GHz frequency and 0.86 W/cm(2) power. These particles were found to be non-toxic in the absence of irradiation, but gained significant toxicity upon irradiation. Interestingly, no increase in relative heating rate was observed when the PDFCs were irradiated in solution, eliminating nanoparticle (NP)-induced thermal ablation as the source of toxicity. Based on these studies, we propose that microwave-induced redox processes generate the observed toxicity.
C-terminal region of bacterial Ku controls DNA bridging, DNA threading and recruitment of DNA ligase D for double strand breaks repair (2016)

Non-homologous end joining is a ligation process repairing DNA double strand breaks in eukaryotes and many prokaryotes. The ring structured eukaryotic Ku binds DNA ends and recruits other factors which can access DNA ends through the threading of Ku inward the DNA, making this protein a key ingredient for the scaffolding of the NHEJ machinery. However, this threading ability seems unevenly conserved among bacterial Ku. As bacterial Ku differ mainly by their C-terminus, we evaluate the role of this region in the loading and the threading abilities of Bacillus subtilis Ku and the stimulation of the DNA ligase LigD. We identify two distinct sub-regions: a ubiquitous minimal C-terminal region and a frequent basic C-terminal extension. We show that truncation of one or both of these sub-regions in Bacillus subtilis Ku impairs the stimulation of the LigD end joining activity in vitro. We further demonstrate that the minimal C-terminus is required for the Ku-LigD interaction, whereas the basic extension controls the threading and DNA bridging abilities of Ku. We propose that the Ku basic C-terminal extension increases the concentration of Ku near DNA ends, favoring the recruitment of LigD at the break, thanks to the minimal C-terminal sub-region.
Emotion simulation and expression understanding: A case for time (2010)

Abstract Niedenthal et al. present a model for embodied emotion simulation and expression understanding that spans multiple brain systems. This commentary addresses the potential role of time in this model, and its implications for understanding social dysfunction.
Collagen scaffold enhances the regenerative properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (2017)

MSCs are widely applied to regenerate heart tissue in myocardial diseases but when grown in standard two-dimensional (2D) cultures exhibit limited potential for cardiac repair and develop fibrogenic features with increasing culture time. MSCs can undergo partial cardiomyogenic differentiation, which improves their cardiac repair capacity. When applied to collagen patches they may improve cardiac tissue regeneration but the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the regenerative properties of MSCs grown in a collagen scaffold as a three-dimensional (3D) culture system, and performed functional analysis using an engineered heart tissue (EHT) model. We showed that the expression of cardiomyocyte-specific proteins by MSCs co-cultured with rat neonatal cardiomyocytes was increased in collagen patches versus conventional cultures. MSCs in 3D collagen patches were less fibrogenic, secreted more cardiotrophic factors, retained anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory function, and responded less to TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. EHT analysis showed no effects by MSCs on cardiomyocyte function, whereas control dermal fibroblasts abrogated the beating of cardiac tissue constructs. We conclude that 3D collagen scaffold improves the cardioprotective effects of MSCs by enhancing the production of trophic factors and modifying their immune modulatory and fibrogenic phenotype. The improvement in myocardial function by MSCs after acquisition of a partial cardiac cell-like phenotype is not due to enhanced MSC contractility. A better understanding of the mechanisms of MSC-mediated tissue repair will help to further enhance the therapeutic potency of MSCs.
Impact Of Red Lights And Siren on Response And Transport Times in an Urban EMS System (1994)

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Hot topics in architectural acoustics: New materials (2001)

While both new metrics for measuring sound and analytical software programs for predicting sound performance have proven to be powerful tools of architectural acoustics, new acoustical materials have allowed us to further engineer these sensitive soundscapes. These developments embrace several areas of contemporary acoustical materials. HVAC liners have seen the addition of fiber-free alternatives to traditional linings. New solutions include coated polyimides and melamine foams. In electroacoustics, materials that have improved performance are now replacing some old standbys. PEN materials such as Kaladex are finding more acceptance for use in tweeter domes and microphone elements. Liquid crystal polymer fibers, such as Vectran, which can be used instead of aramid and carbon fibers, offer similar performance improvement for wet lay-up direct radiator transducer cones. Absorptive panels have moved beyond fabric wraps. They are now paintable and can mimic typically reflective treatments. Finally, diffusers have shown advances in both acoustical performance and geometries that better blend with aesthetic goals. These new surfaces consist of a wide range of surface type including modulated reflection phase gratings, binary amplitude gratings, and most recently boundary-element optimized surfaces of constant or variable impedance. Each of these exciting developments are reviewed in this presentation.
Identification of Slow-Binding Inhibitors of the BoNT/A Protease (2022)

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a lethal toxin, which causes botulism, and is categorized as a bioterrorism threat, which causes flaccid paralysis and death. Botulinum A neurotoxicity is governed through its light chain (LC), a zinc metalloprotease. Pharmacological investigations aimed at negating BoNT/A's LC have typically looked to inhibitors that have been shown to inhibit the light chain's activity by reversible zinc chelation within its active site. This report outlines the first examples of nonpeptidic inhibitors of the BoNT/A LC that possess slow-binding kinetics, a needed logic to counteract the longevity of BoNT/A. Cyclopropane, alkyl, and alkenyl derivatives of 2,4-dichlorocinamic hydroxamic acid (DCHA) were shown to possess both one-step and two-step slow-binding kinetics. Structure-kinetic relationships (SKRs) were observed and were rationalized with the aid of docking models that predicted improved interactions with residues within a hydrophobic cleft adjacent to the active site.
Whole‐body MRI‐based fat quantification: A comparison to air displacement plethysmography (2014)

Whole-body fat quantities derived noninvasively by using a continuously moving table Dixon acquisition were directly compared with ADP. The accuracy of the method and the high reproducibility of results indicate its potential for clinical applications.
WarningNet: A Deep Learning Platform for Early Warning of Task Failures under Input Perturbation for Reliable Autonomous Platforms (2020)

There is a growing interest in deploying complex deep neural networks (DNN) in autonomous systems to extract task-specific information from real-time sensor data and drive critical tasks. The perturbations in sensor data due to noise or environmental conditions can lead to errors in information extraction and degrade reliability of the entire autonomous systems. This paper presents a light-weight deep learning plat-form, WarningNet, that operates on sensor data to estimate potential task failures due to spatiotemporal input perturbations. Experimental results show that WarningNet can provide early warning of the performance degradation of different tasks within a fraction of the time required for the task to complete. As a case-study, we show that the early warning can be leveraged to improve the task reliability under adverse condition using on-demand input pre-processing.
Particle Behavior in Curved Microchannels: Aspect Ratio Effects (2021)

Abstract The sorting devices of microfluidic systems operate by both passive and active mechanisms. The microchannels of these systems are often curved to cope with secondary flows, which allow sorting or mixing. Therefore, it is essential to characterize the secondary flows in microfluidic systems. In this study, we investigate the particle behavior in a spiral rectangular microchannel and clarify the effects of the aspect ratio and Dean number De on particle sorting by comparing experimental and numerical results. We fabricated Archimedean spiral microchannel models with the rectangular cross-section of millimeter-scale dimensions. Particle sorting in the microchannels was observed by the particle-tracking velocimetry (PTV) method. In addition, the particle-sorting mechanism was analyzed by the particle-tracking method in three-dimensional numerical simulations. When particle density exceeded water density, good sorting was observed when 20 &lt; De &lt; 40. The numerical particle-sorting behaviors agreed well with the experimental results.
Wavelength dependence of the scattering loss in fluoride optical fibers (1990)

Scattering losses as low as 0.025 dB/km at 2.55 microm have been measured in short lengths of fluoride-glass optical fiber.These measurements were made on several 5-7-cm lengths of fiber. Measurements were also made at various wavelengths to determine the wavelength dependence of the optical loss.
Pilot in vivo studies on transcutaneous boiling histotripsy in porcine liver and kidney (2019)

Boiling histotripsy (BH) is a High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) method for precise mechanical disintegration of target tissue using millisecond-long pulses containing shocks. BH treatments with real-time ultrasound (US) guidance allowed by BH-generated bubbles were previously demonstrated ex vivo and in vivo in exposed porcine liver and small animals. Here, the feasibility of US-guided transabdominal and partially transcostal BH ablation of kidney and liver in an acute in vivo swine model was evaluated for 6 animals. BH parameters were: 1.5 MHz frequency, 5-30 pulses of 1-10 ms duration per focus, 1% duty cycle, peak acoustic powers 0.9-3.8 kW, sonication foci spaced 1-1.5 mm apart in a rectangular grid with 5-15 mm linear dimensions. In kidneys, well-demarcated volumetric BH lesions were generated without respiratory gating and renal medulla and collecting system were more resistant to BH than cortex. The treatment was accelerated 10-fold by using shorter BH pulses of larger peak power without affecting the quality of tissue fractionation. In liver, respiratory motion and aberrations from subcutaneous fat affected the treatment but increasing the peak power provided successful lesion generation. These data indicate BH is a promising technology for transabdominal and transcostal mechanical ablation of tumors in kidney and liver.
Highly Selective Synthesis of <i>cis</i>‐2,2,4,4‐Tetramethylcyclobutane‐1,3‐diol via Solvent‐Free Hydrogenation and Isomerization (2022)

Abstract In this study, ruthenium‐on‐carbon‐catalyzed hydrogenation of CBDK was developed for the production of cis‐ CBDO under solvent‐free conditions. Isomerization using a ruthenium catalyst and hydrogen gas may improve the selective formation of cis ‐CBDO. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms for cis‐ selectivity was proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations.