gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutathione PEGylated liposomes: pharmacokinetics and delivery of cargo across the blood–brain barrier in rats (2014)

Partly due to poor blood-brain barrier drug penetration the treatment options for many brain diseases are limited. To safely enhance drug delivery to the brain, glutathione PEGylated liposomes (G-Technology®) were developed. In this study, in rats, we compared the pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of GSH-PEG liposomes using an autoquenched fluorescent tracer after intraperitoneal administration and intravenous administration. Although the appearance of liposomes in the circulation was much slower after intraperitoneal administration, comparable maximum levels of long circulating liposomes were found between 4 and 24 h after injection. Furthermore, 24 h after injection a similar tissue distribution was found. To investigate the effect of GSH coating on brain delivery in vitro uptake studies in rat brain endothelial cells (RBE4) and an in vivo brain microdialysis study in rats were used. Significantly more fluorescent tracer was found in RBE4 cell homogenates incubated with GSH-PEG liposomes compared to non-targeted PEG liposomes (1.8-fold, p < 0.001). In the microdialysis study 4-fold higher (p < 0.001) brain levels of fluorescent tracer were found after intravenous injection of GSH-PEG liposomes compared with PEG control liposomes. The results support further investigation into the versatility of GSH-PEG liposomes for enhanced drug delivery to the brain within a tolerable therapeutic window.
Quantitative real-time PCR : methods and protocols (2020)

1. A Quarter Century and the PCR Applied Techniques and the Fields of Use Are Still Increasing in Numbers Alessandro Raso and Roberto Biassoni 2. Parameters for Successful PCR Primer Design Stephen A. Bustin, Reinhold Mueller, and Tania Nolan 3. MIQE-Compliant Validation of MicroRNA Biomarker Signatures Established by Small RNA Sequencing Veronika Mussack, Stefanie Hermann, Dominik Buschmann, Benedikt Kirchner, and Michael W. Pfaffl 4. Enhanced Probe-Based RT-qPCR Quantification of MicroRNAs Using Poly(A)tailing and 5' Adaptor Ligation Valentin Vautrot and Isabelle Behm-Ansmant 5. A Novel System to Discriminate HLA-C mir148a Binding Site by Allele-Specific Quantitative PCR Priscilla Biswas, Eddi Di Marco, and Mauro S. Malnati 6. Detection of Yellow Fever Virus by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) Gisela Freitas Trindade, Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima, Constanca Britto, and Alice Gomes Fernandes Monteiro 7. Evaluation of the Abundance of Fungi in Wastewater Treatment Plants Using Quantitative PCR (qPCR) Paula Maza-Marquez, Elisabet Aranda, Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez, and Belen Rodelas 8. Early Detection of Fungal Plant Pathogens by Real-Time Quantitative PCR: The Case of Diplodia sapinea on Pine Nicola Luchi, Alberto Santini, Francesca Salvianti, and Pamela Pinzani 9. A General Protocol for Accurate Gene Expression Analysis in Plants Ellen De Keyser, Laurence Desmet, Magali Losschaert, and Jan De Riek 10. Gene Expression Analysis in Bacteria by RT-qPCR Danilo J.P.G. Rocha, Thiago L.P. Castro, Eric R.G.R. Aguiar, and Luis G.C. Pacheco 11. Detection and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells by Quantitative Real-Time PCR Francesca Salvianti, Filomena Costanza,Gemma Sonnati, and Pamela Pinzani 12. Molecular Monitoring of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Katherine Dominy, Katya Mokretar, Alistair G. Reid, and Jamshid S. Khorashad 13. Normalization in Human Gliomas Tissue Ana Paula Santin Bertoni, Isabele Cristina Iser Marson, Rafael Paschoal de Campos, and Marcia Rosangela Wink 14. qPCR Applications for the Determination of the Biological Age Mauro Castagnetta, Ulrich Pfeffer, Aldo Chiesa, Elena Gennaro, Massimiliano Cecconi, Domenico Coviello, and Nicoletta Sacchi 15. QuantStudio (TM) 12K Flex OpenArray (R) System as a Tool for High-Throughput Genotyping and Gene Expression Analysis Chiara Broccanello, Letizia Gerace, and Piergiorgio Stevanato 16. Digital PCR and the QuantStudio (TM) 3D Digital PCR System Marion Laig, Christie Fekete, and Nivedita Majumdar
Financial Hardship and Patient-Reported Outcomes after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2016)

Although hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative therapy for many advanced hematologic cancers, little is known about the financial hardship experienced by HCT patients nor the association of hardship with patient-reported outcomes. We mailed a 43-item survey to adult patients approximately 180 days after their first autologous or allogeneic HCT at 3 high-volume centers. We assessed decreases in household income; difficulty with HCT-related costs, such as need to relocate or travel; and 2 types of hardship: hardship_1 (reporting 1 or 2 of the following: dissatisfaction with present finances, difficulty meeting monthly bill payments, or not having enough money at the end of the month) and "hardship_2" (reporting all 3). Patient-reported stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale-4, and 7-point scales were provided for perceptions of overall quality of life (QOL) and health. In total, 325 of 499 surveys (65.1%) were received. The median days since HCT was 173; 47% underwent an allogeneic HCT, 60% were male, 51% were > 60 years old, and 92% were white. Overall, 46% reported income decline after HCT, 56% reported hardship_1, and 15% reported hardship_2. In multivariable models controlling for income, those reporting difficulty paying for HCT-related costs were more likely to report financial hardship (odds ratio, 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.8 to 12.3). Hardship_1 was associated with QOL below the median (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 4.9), health status below the median (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.6), and stress above the median (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.5). In this sizable cohort of HCT patients, financial hardship was prevalent and associated with worse QOL and higher levels of perceived stress. Interventions to address patient financial hardship-especially those that ameliorate HCT-specific costs-are likely to improve patient-reported outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYCLIC TRIALKYLDIAZENIUM CATION CHEMISTRY. THERMOLYSIS AND SOLVOLYSIS OF 1,2‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYL‐1‐ETHYLDIAZENIUM PERCHLORATE (1983)

Abstract Das nach Schema dargestellte Titel‐Diazeniumsalz (III) wird 3 Reaktionen unterworfen, die alle nach 1. Ordnung ablaufen.
Posttransfusion Hepatitis in Japan (1992)

The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis and the rate of chronicity were investigated in a program devised at our hospital in December, 1982. Out of 2,596 blood recipients between January, 1982, and December, 1987, 451 (22.7%) developed posttransfusion hepatitis. Seventy-seven patients out of 217 (35.3%) whose course was closely followed progressed to chronicity. The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis increased with the volume of transfused blood without any evident limitation. Recipients of elevated-ALT donor blood (greater than 26 Karmen units) were found to be more susceptible to posttransfusion hepatitis than those who had received only normal-ALT donor blood. Packed red blood cells, whole blood and fresh whole blood were high-risk components, and fresh frozen plasma a low-risk component of blood. The carrier rate of non-A, non-B hepatitis agents in Japanese healthy blood donors was determined to be 1.2% using the Frost-Reed model of infectious diseases. Anti-hepatitis C virus was detected in 62% of the cases of posttransfusion hepatitis 1 year after transfusion.
Acousto−Optics: Recent Studies and Medical Applications (2023)

Development of acousto-optic (AO) techniques has made progress in recent years across a range of medical application fields, especially in improving resolution, detection speed, and imaging depth. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in AO-based techniques that have been presented after the previously published review in 2017. The survey covers a description of theoretical modeling strategies and numerical simulation methods as well as recent applications in medical fields. It also provides a comparison between different techniques in terms of complexity, achieved depth in tissue, and resolution. In addition, a comparison between different numerical simulation methods will be outlined. Additionally, a number of challenges faced by AO techniques are considered, particularly in the context of realistic in vivo imaging. Finally, the paper discusses prospects of AO-based medical diagnosis methods.
Doubly Curved Reflectarray for Dual-Band Multiple Spot Beam Communication Satellites (2019)

The design, manufacturing, and testing of a 0.65 m doubly curved polarization selective reflectarray for dual-band multiple spot beam communication satellites in $Ka$ -band is presented. The configuration is based on a single-offset reflectarray consisting of rotated split hexagonal-loop dipole elements printed on a single-layer substrate. For right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), the reflectarray scans the reflected beam half a beamwidth in one direction, and for left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), the reflectarray scans the reflected beam half a beamwidth in the opposite direction. This is achieved in both transmit (Tx) (17.7-20.2 GHz) and receive (Rx) (27.5-29.3 GHz) frequency bands. Using a feeding array with 22 feeds, 41 beams over the Earth can be generated, permitting to cover the entire Earth coverage from a geostationary satellite employing the 4-color frequency/polarization reuse scheme using only two reflectarrays while maintaining single-feed-per-beam operation. The reflectarray has been manufactured and measured, and an excellent agreement between simulated and measured patterns is obtained, thus validating the proposed concept.
Re: Enzalutamide in Metastatic Prostate Cancer before Chemotherapy (2014)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Nov 2014Re: Enzalutamide in Metastatic Prostate Cancer before Chemotherapy Samir S. TanejaMD Samir S. TanejaSamir S. Taneja More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.040AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Enzalutamide in Metastatic Prostate Cancer before Chemotherapy." The Journal of Urology, 192(5), p. 1419 © 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 192 Issue 5 November 2014 Page: 1419 Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information Samir S. Taneja More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Broadly tunable DBR-free semiconductor disk laser (2016)

We report a DBR-free semiconductor disk lasers centered at 1160 nm with a tuning range of 78 nm, and ongoing effort on our DBR-free SDL centered at 1040 nm. Compared with conventional semiconductor disk lasers, DBR-free SDLs have a broader effective gain bandwidth. In CW operation, 2.5 W output power at 1160 nm and 6 W at 1055 nm were collected from the two lasers without thermal-rollover. Intracavity loss mitigation, currently underway, should improve power scaling and efficiency in these systems.
203. APICAL VERTEBRA PEDICLE MORPHOLOGY IN SCOLIOSIS (2011)

Purpose: There is scant literature with respect to reproducibility in radiological measurements of vertebral morphology. The purpose was to determine the reliability of measurement of various parameters of vertebral morphology in idiopathic scoliosis.

Method: Ten patients with AIS were investigated with standardised low dose multi-slice helical CT. Axial reconstructions in the plane of the T8 (apical) vertebra were performed prone, as per Jamieson et al (2008). Antero-posterior (AP) canal diameter, left and right pedicle width, canal width, left and right mid-point to medial pedicle length, left and right pedicle length, and cord length, left and right transverse angles, and left and right canal area were measured by our spine surgeons and spine surgery fellow. Statistical analysis for intra-class coefficients (ICC) for intra and inter observer reliability was then performed.

Results: Intra-observer reliability was excellent, with a mean ICC score of 0.930 (range 0.608–0.996), across all fourteen variables. Inter-observer reliability was very good with a mean ICC score of 0.890 (range 0.360–0.987), across all variables. There was poor inter-observer reliability for measurement of the transverse pedicle angles (0.360 – 0.446). The intra-observer reliability for transverse pedicle angles, whilst good (0.608–0.861), was worse than any of the other intra-observer reliabilities.

Conclusion: We demonstrate excellent intra, and inter observer reliability for measurement of apical vertebrae morphology in AIS. This tool can be utilized in the further study of pedicle dysplasia. Measurement of transverse pedicle angle was less reliable than any of the other measurement variables. A standardised measurement of the morphology of vertebral canal, pedicles and vertebral body morphology is reliable both within individual observers, and across a group of observers. A standardised measure for further investigation has been validated which will enable study of the evolution of pedicle dysplasia over time. This will lead to a better understanding of the etiology of pedicle dysplasia in scoliosis.
Studies of photoexcited states in polyacetylene and poly(paraphenylenevinylene) by absorption detected magnetic resonance: The case of neutral photoexcitations (1992)

Photoexcited states in transpolyacetylene [t-(CH${)}_{\mathit{x}}$], and in alkoxy derivatives of poly(paraphenylenevinylene) (PPV) nondegenerate ground-state polymers, have been studied by the technique of absorption detected magnetic resonance. In addition to the stable charged photoexcitations, which are charged solitons in t-(CH${)}_{\mathit{x}}$ and bipolarons in PPV, we clearly identify neutral photoexcitations with nonzero spins. In t-(CH${)}_{\mathit{x}}$ these are spin-1/2 neutral solitons ${\mathit{S}}^{0}$(S\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $^{0}$) with an optical transition at 1.35 eV. The neutral photoexcitations in PPV form triplet excitons which cannot dissociate into ${\mathit{S}}^{0}$S\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $^{0}$ pairs due to the confinement caused by the nondegenerate backbone structure.
MBCL-07. NON-METASTATIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA OF EARLY CHILDHOOD: RESULTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL HIT-2000 AND AN EXTENDED VALIDATION COHORT (2020)

Abstract OBJECTIVE To avoid craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in children younger than four years with non-metastatic medulloblastoma by chemotherapy, intraventricular methotrexate and risk-adapted local radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-seven patients received systemic chemotherapy and intraventricular methotrexate. Until 2006, CSI was reserved for non-response or progression. After 2006, local radiotherapy was introduced for non-responders or classic (CMB), anaplastic or large-cell medulloblastoma (LCA). Infantile SHH-activated medulloblastomas (SHH_INF) were subdivided by DNA-methylation profiling. Survival in SHH_INF subtypes were also assessed in a validation cohort (n=71). RESULTS Patients with desmoplastic medulloblastoma (DMB) or medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (MBEN) (n=42) had 93% 5-year PFS, 100% 5-year OS and 93% 5-year CSI-free survival. Patients with CMB/LCA (n=45) had 37% 5y-PFS, 62% 5y-OS and 39% 5y-CSI-free survival. Local radiotherapy did not improve survival in CMB/LCA patients. All DMB/MBEN assessed by DNA methylation profiling belonged to the SHH_INF subgroup. Group 3 patients (5y-PFS 36% [n=14]) relapsed more frequently than SHH_INF (5y-PFS 93% [n=28]) or Group 4 patients (5y-PFS 83% [n=6], p&amp;lt;0.001). SHH_INF split into iSHH-I and iSHH-II subtypes in HIT-2000-BIS4 and the validation cohort, without prognostic impact (5y-PFS: iSHH-I 73% vs. iSHH-II 83%, p=0.25, n=99). Mean IQ was 90 (radiotherapy-free survivors) vs. 74 (patients that received CSI) [p=0.012]. CONCLUSION Systemic chemotherapy and intraventricular methotrexate led to favorable survival in both iSHH-subtypes of SHH-activated DMB/MBEN with acceptable neurotoxicity. Survival in non-WNT/non-SHH CMB/LCA patients was not improved by local radiotherapy. Survival was more favorable in patients with Group 4 than in patients with Group 3 medulloblastoma.
Laparoscopic Implantation of Swan Neck Presternal Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters (2003)

The swan neck presternal peritoneal dialysis catheter provides an alternative location from which a catheter can exit the skin when an abdominal site is not suitable. The exit site is in the upper anterior chest. The presternal catheter was designed for patients who would not ordinarily be considered for peritoneal dialysis because of body habitus, presence of stomas, or urinary-fecal incontinence. In its original design, the catheter can be implanted only by open dissection. We present a modification of the catheter system and describe an operative technique in which the catheter can be inserted laparoscopically. Eight patients underwent laparoscopic implantation of presternal catheters by this technique. During follow-up ranging from 2.9 to 12.4 months (average, 5.3 months), no instances of catheter dysfunction, leakage around the cannula, hernia, or loss secondary to infection occurred. We foresee greater use of the swan neck presternal peritoneal dialysis catheter once surgeons become more familiar with its ease of insertion and if the device can be made available as a single-package system compatible with laparoscopic implantation.
Transmit Power Allocation for General Authorized Access in Spectrum Access System Using Carrier Sensing Range (2018)

The optimal use of spectrum is a key focus for all regulatory bodies. Federal Communications Commission has introduced Spectrum Access System (SAS) to maximise the spectrum utilisation in the US 3.5 GHz band. SAS is a three-tier spectrum sharing framework where Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) devices can access the channel when it is not used by Incumbent Access users. CBRS consists of Priority Access Licensee (PAL) and General Authorized Access (GAA). In this paper, we consider the problem of optimum transmit power allocation for GAA users using a carrier sensing range i.e. maximum distance a user can be sensed while guaranteeing the interference to PAL from GAA users is below the threshold. We use carrier sensing range to find the sets of GAA users that cannot transmit at the same time and adjust the interference budget of transmitting GAA users. We present an algorithm for transmit power allocation for GAA users in the SAS. The proposed algorithm uses the transmission characteristics and location information provided by Citizen Broadband Radio Service Devices to SAS to maximise the peak capacity of GAA users ensuring the interference constraint to PAL. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly increases the peak capacity of GAA users by considering the carrier sensing range and adjusted interference budget.
Intent-Aware Pedestrian Prediction for Adaptive Crowd Navigation (2020)

Mobile robots capable of navigating seamlessly and safely in pedestrian rich environments promise to bring robotic assistance closer to our daily lives. In this paper we draw on insights of how humans move in crowded spaces to explore how to recognize pedestrian navigation intent, how to predict pedestrian motion and how a robot may adapt its navigation policy dynamically when facing unexpected human movements. Our approach is to develop algorithms that replicate this behavior. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our prediction algorithm using real-world pedestrian datasets and achieve comparable or better prediction accuracy compared to several state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we show that confidence of pedestrian prediction can be used to adjust the risk of a navigation policy adaptively to afford the most comfortable level as measured by the frequency of personal space violation in comparison with baselines. Furthermore, our adaptive navigation policy is able to reduce the number of collisions by 43% in the presence of novel pedestrian motion not seen during training.
Computational reprogramming of homing endonuclease specificity at multiple adjacent base pairs (2010)

Site-specific homing endonucleases are capable of inducing gene conversion via homologous recombination. Reprogramming their cleavage specificities allows the targeting of specific biological sites for gene correction or conversion. We used computational protein design to alter the cleavage specificity of I-MsoI for three contiguous base pair substitutions, resulting in an endonuclease whose activity and specificity for its new site rival that of wild-type I-MsoI for the original site. Concerted design for all simultaneous substitutions was more successful than a modular approach against individual substitutions, highlighting the importance of context-dependent redesign and optimization of protein-DNA interactions. We then used computational design based on the crystal structure of the designed complex, which revealed significant unanticipated shifts in DNA conformation, to create an endonuclease that specifically cleaves a site with four contiguous base pair substitutions. Our results demonstrate that specificity switches for multiple concerted base pair substitutions can be computationally designed, and that iteration between design and structure determination provides a route to large scale reprogramming of specificity.
Myocytic androgen receptor controls the strength but not the mass of limb muscles (2010)

The anabolic effects of androgens on skeletal muscles are thought to be mediated predominantly through the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor superfamily. However, despite numerous studies performed in men and in rodents, these effects remain poorly understood. To characterize androgen signaling in skeletal muscles, we generated mice in which the AR is selectively ablated in myofibers. We show that myocytic AR controls androgen-induced insulin-like growth factor IEa (IGF-IEa) expression in the highly androgen-sensitive perineal muscles and that it mediates androgen-stimulated postnatal hypertrophy of these muscles. In contrast, androgen-dependent postnatal hypertrophy of limb muscle fibers is independent of myocytic AR. Thus, androgens control perineal and limb muscle mass in male mice through myocytic AR-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively. Importantly, we also show that AR deficiency in limb myocytes impairs myofibrillar organization of sarcomeres and decreases muscle strength, thus demonstrating that myocytic AR controls key pathways required for maximum force production. These distinct androgen signaling pathways in perineal and limb muscles may allow the design of screens to identify selective androgen modulators of muscle strength.