gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Combustion Modeling on the Spectral Response of Heat Release in LES (2018)

This work assesses the effect of using different closure concepts for the spatially filtered mean reaction rate on the resolved spectral response of turbulent heat release in large eddy simulations (LESs). Two well-known combustion models, the turbulent flame speed closure (TFC) and the dynamically thickened flame (DTF) models have been applied to a premixed turbulent jet flame with otherwise identical numerical setups. Although the flame front is artificially thickened in the DTF model, it reproduces a thinner flame and, hence, stronger flame–turbulence interactions compared to the TFC model. As the time-averaged quantities from both methods are comparable, the DTF approach shows overall higher fluctuations of local and integral heat release rates in the spectral domain compared to the TFC model, particularly in the high-frequency range. A better agreement with measured sound pressure density is observed for TFC in the low-frequency range and for DTF in the high-frequency range. TFC simulations with different source formulations, that is, ω˙¯c∝c˜(1−c˜) and ω˙¯c∝|∇c˜|, showed comparable flame thicknesses and spectra of heat release, but the averaged flow quantities calculated with ω˙¯c∝|∇c˜|, however, deviate largely from measured data for the current setup. In the second step, the same formulations for the mean rate are applied to an excited plane-jet flame (two-dimensional (2D)) using equidistant grid cells and forced inflow conditions, thereby excluding the influence of varying grid resolution and broadband turbulent fluctuations. This setup is specifically tailored for a detailed analysis of flame response to flow unsteadiness and grid resolution. The formulation of the reaction rate according to the TFC approach again results in a considerably thicker flame compared to results obtained from the DTF model and direct numerical simulation, even on a sufficiently fine mesh. Therefore, the DTF formulation of the reaction rate shows overall stronger responses of heat release rates to forced fluctuations than the TFC formulation. Differences are smaller in the low-frequency range, indicating a stronger damping of heat release fluctuations with increasing frequency for the TFC formulation. Coarsening the grid leads to a much stronger damping of heat release fluctuations in the DTF formulation compared with the TFC formulation, so that the benefit of the DTF formulation decreases with decreasing grid resolution. This reflects the different sensitivity behavior of these models with respect to unsteady flows and grid resolutions, which is of great importance for computing thermoacoustic problems with LES, for example, combustion noise.
Glycation in Huntington’s Disease: A Possible Modifier and Target for Intervention (2019)

Glycation is the non-enzymatic reaction between reactive dicarbonyls and amino groups, and gives rise to a variety of different reaction products known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Accumulation of AGEs on proteins is inevitable, and is associated with the aging process. Importantly, glycation is highly relevant in diabetic patients that experience periods of hyperglycemia. AGEs also play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of a CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. The resulting expanded polyglutamine stretch in the huntingtin (HTT) protein induces its misfolding and aggregation, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. HD patients exhibit chorea and psychiatric disturbances, along with abnormalities in glucose and energy homeostasis. Interestingly, an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been reported in HD and in other CAG triplet repeat disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the connection between glycation and HD progression remain unclear. In this review, we explore the possible connection between glycation and proteostasis imbalances in HD, and posit that it may contribute to disease progression, possibly by accelerating protein aggregation and deposition. Finally, we review therapeutic interventions that might be able to alleviate the negative impact of glycation in HD.
Disassembling Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles by Dipole/Dipole Electrostatic Interactions (2005)

Abstract Dipole/dipole electrostatic attraction was used for the first time for disassembling the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles. A self-assembled zwitterionic monolayer (SAZM) was created by modification of the SWCNT bundles with a sulfonate/quaternary-ammonium type of zwitterionic surfactants. The headgroups of the SAZM align at the terminal-end and form anti-parallel doublets. Dipole/dipole electrostatic attractions occurred readily as the SAZM approached to another. SWCNT bundles have been disassembled into individual tubes because of the strong dipole/dipole attractions. Large quantities of unbundled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were obtained within a single step by this method. Concentric circular membranes containing the unbundled SWCNTs were prepared. The unbundled SWCNTs were found to have tendencies to curve around the circular direction.
Dark decay of holograms in photorefractive polymers (2002)

The decay of holograms stored in photorefractive polymer composites based on poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) with and without extrinsic deep traps is investigated. The photorefractive phase shift is identified as one of the key parameters determining the dark decay dynamics. This has important implications for all kinds of photorefractive imaging applications including holographic data storage. A trade off will be required between accepting a certain degree of hologram distortion due to two-beam coupling on the one hand and achieving high hologram stability during idle periods in the dark with the external field applied on the other.
SCAF: a speculation-aware collaborative dependence analysis framework (2020)

Program analysis determines the potential dataflow and control flow relationships among instructions so that compiler optimizations can respect these relationships to transform code correctly. Since many of these relationships rarely or never occur, speculative optimizations assert they do not exist while optimizing the code. To preserve correctness, speculative optimizations add validation checks to activate recovery code when these assertions prove untrue. This approach results in many missed opportunities because program analysis and thus other optimizations remain unaware of the full impact of these dynamically-enforced speculative assertions. To address this problem, this paper presents SCAF, a Speculation-aware Collaborative dependence Analysis Framework. SCAF learns of available speculative assertions via profiling, computes their full impact on memory dependence analysis, and makes this resulting information available for all code optimizations. SCAF is modular (adding new analysis modules is easy) and collaborative (modules cooperate to produce a result more precise than the confluence of all individual results). Relative to the best prior speculation-aware dependence analysis technique, by computing the full impact of speculation on memory dependence analysis, SCAF dramatically reduces the need for expensive-to-validate memory speculation in the hot loops of all 16 evaluated C/C++ SPEC benchmarks.
Numerical Simulation of Black Liquor Spray Characteristics (2002)

The performance and capacity of Kraft recovery boilers is sensitive to black liquor velocity, droplet size and flow distribution in the furnace. Studies have shown that controlling droplet size and flow distribution improves boiler efficiency while allowing increased flight drying and devolatilization, and decreased carryover. The purpose of this study is to develop a robust two-phase numerical model to predict black liquor splashplate nozzle spray characteristics. A three-dimensional time dependent numerical study of black liquor sheet formation and sheet breakup is described. The volume of fluid (VOF) model is used to simulate flow through the splashplate nozzle up to initial sheet breakup and droplet formation. The VOF model solves the conservation equations of volume fraction and momentum utilizing the finite volume technique. Black liquor velocity, droplet size and flow distribution over a range of operating parameters are simulated using scaled physical models of splashplate nozzles. The VOF model is compared to results from a flow visualization experiment and experimental data found in the literature. The details of the simulation and experimental results are presented.
FEA tool approach for determination of parasitic capacitance of the windings in high frequency coupled inductors filters (2012)

Understanding and predicting parasitic winding capacitance in coupled inductor filters is essential to improve the high-frequency filtering performance. At high frequency, the behavior of coupled inductor filter differs from the low frequency and can be dominated by the parasitic inter- and intra-winding capacitances. This paper presents a finite element technique to analyze the high-frequency behavior of the coupled inductor filter in a buck converter. Comparison of the FEA results using JMAG with experimental and empirical formula results show good agreement, supporting the method as a model-based design tool with the potential to significantly reduce the design-prototype-test cycle commonly needed with sophisticated magnetic designs.
PMMA Brushes Prepared in an Ionic Liquid (2009)

Abstract In this report, we show the synthesis of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) brushes in the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF6]). The brushes were prepared on functionalized silicon by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Kinetic study of the ATRP process identified linear and dense brush growth up to thicknesses of 8.3 nm. We used the negligible vapor pressure of the IL as an advantage to prepare polymer brush coatings not only on substrates immersed in the reaction solution, but also in the confined geometry of a “micro” droplet. The living character of the ATRP synthesis supported this method because sequential addition of MMA to the microdroplet increased the brush thickness. magnified image
Leptin modulates host defense against chronic cigarette smoke inhalation in mice (2011)

Rationale: Several hallmarks of COPD, including pulmonary and systemic inflammation, can be mimicked in mice by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. We recently revealed increased expression of the pleiotropic adipokine leptin by resident lung cells in smokers and patients with COPD versus never-smokers. To unravel the involvement of leptin in COPD pathogenesis, innate and adaptive immune cell recruitment and remodelling upon chronic CS-exposure was evaluated in leptin-receptor deficient ( db/db ) mice.

Methods: WT C57/BKS and db/db mice were exposed to air or CS for 16 weeks (4 exposures/d, 5 d/wk). At 24h after the final exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were processed to examine pulmonary inflammation and remodelling.

Results: CS exposure significantly increased leptin expression in bronchial epithelial cells and pneumocytes as compared to air-exposed WT mice (p<0.05). CS exposure resulted in accumulation of neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages and T-lymphocytes in BALF and lung tissue of both WT and db/db mice. However, CS-exposed db/db mice showed significantly higher number of neutrophils (p<0.05) and lower numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) and T-lymphocytes (p<0.05), compared to CS-exposed WT mice. In addition, chronic CS exposure resulted in increased hyaluronan deposition in the airway walls and development of pulmonary emphysema in WT mice and db/db mice, which was not different between both strains.

Conclusion: These data suggest a central role for the pleiotropic adipokine leptin in innate and adaptive immune cell accumulation after chronic CS inhalation in mice.

Funding: Weijerhorst Foundation, FWO Vlaanderen, Concerted Research Action of Ghent University.
Isoxazol-5(4H)-ones. X-Ray crystal structures of a 4-hydroxyisoxazol-5(4H)-one and a [4,4′-biisoxazole]-5(4H),5′(4′H)-dione formed by oxygen oxidation of 3-tert-butyl-4-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one (1992)

Treatment of ethyl (RS)-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate 4 with hydroxylamine under basic conditions gave 5-tert-butyl-4-methylisoxazol-3-ol 5 and a tautomeric mixture of 3-tert-butyl-4-methylisoxazol-5(2H)-one 6 and (RS)-3-tert-butyl-4-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one 7. During the attempts to crystallize the inseparable mixture of tautomers 6 and 7 two other compounds, (RS)-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-4-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one 8 and (RS,RS)-3,3′-di-tert-butyl-4,4′-dimethyl-[4,4′-biisoxazole]-5(4H), 5′(4H)-dione 9, were progressively formed. The structures of compounds 8 and 9 were established by X-ray analyses. Compounds 8 and 9 are proposed to be formed by oxidation of compound 7 with oxygen, but the mechanisms underlying these two oxidative processes are unknown.
Effect Of Noise On Blind Adaptive Multichannel Identification Algorithms: Robustness Issue (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Diels-Alder Reactions of tert-Butylphosphaethyne with 1,3,2-Diaza- and 1,2-Azaphosphinines (1998)

tert-Butylphosphaethyne (2) undergoes a Diels-Alder reaction with the 1,3,2-diazaphosphinine 1 at room temperature to furnish the diazadiphosphabarrelene 3. In the presence of an excess of 2 in toluene under reflux compound 3 experiences elimination of a molecule of pivalonitrile to afford the 1-aza-2,4-diphosphinine 5 which, in turn, reacts with a further equivalent of 2 to form the transient azatriphosphabarrelene 6. Formation of the final product, the stable tetraphosphatetracyclic compound 4, is the result of a homo Diels-Alder reaction between 6 and yet another equivalent of 2. The structure of 4 has been confirmed by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of its pentacarbonyltungsten complex 7. As a consequence of the high steric overcrowding in 4, complexation occurs exclusively at its phosphaalkene phosphorus atom. The reactivity of 2 towards the four functionally substituted 1,2-azaphosphinines 8a–d has also been examined. At room temperature smooth [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions proceed to yield the azadiphosphabarrelenes 9a–d. While thermolyses of the barrelenes 9a–c in toluene under reflux lead exclusively to the starting compounds 8a–c by a [4 + 2] cycloreversion process with concomitant elimination of 2, pyrolysis of 9d under the same conditions furnishes the 1,3-diphosphinine 10, also unambiguously identified by analysis of its tpentacarbonyltungsten complex 11.
How to Survive Medical School (1984)

This book is the story of one physician's experiences throughout her medical training. The title may seem to be a bit of a misnomer because the book does not concentrate on instructions in how to survive the modern educational system. However, in sharing her anecdotes Dr Martin may be helping the reader to survive the process by showing that others have experienced similar feelings of anxiety and inadequacy at each level of training. She has found ways (often humorous) to verbalize thoughts and emotions that most of us experience through the years of premedical education, medical school, and postgraduate training. There is a certain bluntness and honesty in her approach and she pulls no punches. She doesn't try to paint a rosy picture of the process of medical training ("my years of medical training were not the happiest ones of my life"). At times, she is even quite cynical ("All
Genetic Parameter Estimates for Preweaning Traits of Beef Cattle in a Stressful Environment (1988)

Data collected from 1957 through 1985 from a Hereford herd located in the Southwest were analyzed separately for each sex to evaluate the heritabilities of and genetic correlations among preweaning growth traits within groups of environmentally similar years. Data were grouped into years with poor, moderate and good environments based on contemporary group means for male calves' weaning weight. A total of 7,690 records were analyzed for birth weight, weaning weight and preweaning daily gain with a model that included year of birth, sire within year of birth, age of dam and a covariate of day of birth for birth weight or age at weaning for the weaning traits. Year of birth was a significant source of variation in all environments for all traits, accounting for more of the variation in the good and poor years than in moderate years. Heritability estimates for all traits were greater in good and moderate years than in poor years for bull calves. For heifers, however, estimates for weaning weight and preweaning daily gain were greater in the poor environment. Genetic correlations among birth weight and preweaning gain increased from the good environment to the poor environment (−.49 ± .26 to .82 ± .56 for male calves and −.09 ± .26 to .46 ± .25 for female calves), but phenotypic correlations were near zero in all environments. These results indicate that genotypic × environment and sex × environment interactions are important under range conditions of the southwestern U.S. Selection of females for any of the preweaning traits in all environments should result in genetic progress, but may be inefficient. Selection of males raised in poor environments may be hindered by low heritability. Genetic correlations among the preweaning growth traits were dependent on the environment.
Physiology of Cerebellar Tremor: A TMS Study (2000)

Little is known about the pathophysiology of tremor, but origination in an overactive central oscillator or an unstable, closed-loop network is
Strain-Induced Modification of Optical Selection Rules in Lanthanide-Based Upconverting Nanoparticles (2015)

NaYF4:Yb(3+),Er(3+) nanoparticle upconverters are hindered by low quantum efficiencies arising in large part from the parity-forbidden nature of their optical transitions and the nonoptimal spatial separations between lanthanide ions. Here, we use pressure-induced lattice distortion to systematically modify both parameters. Although hexagonal-phase nanoparticles exhibit a monotonic decrease in upconversion emission, cubic-phase particles experience a nearly 2-fold increase in efficiency. In-situ X-ray diffraction indicates that these emission changes require only a 1% reduction in lattice constant. Our work highlights the intricate relationship between upconversion efficiency and lattice geometry and provides a promising approach to modifying the quantum efficiency of any lanthanide upconverter.
Implementation of PFC and RCM for RoCEv2 Simulation in OMNeT++ (2015)

As traffic patterns and network topologies become more and more complicated in current enterprise data centers and TOP500 supercomputers, the probability of network congestion increases. If no countermeasures are taken, network congestion causes long communication delays and degrades network performance. A congestion control mechanism is often provided to reduce the consequences of congestion. However, it is usually difficult to configure and activate a congestion control mechanism in production clusters and supercomputers due to concerns that it may negatively impact jobs if the mechanism is not appropriately configured. Therefore, simulations for these situations are necessary to identify congestion points and sources, and more importantly, to determine optimal settings that can be utilized to reduce congestion in those complicated networks. In this paper, we use OMNeT++ to implement the IEEE 802.1Qbb Priority-based Flow Control (PFC) and RoCEv2 Congestion Management (RCM) in order to simulate clusters with RoCEv2 interconnects.
Determination of the nuclear-induced electrical conductivity in a nuclear-driven MHD device (1994)

The continual need for more efficient energy conversion techniques for space, sea, and terrestrial systems has renewed interest in nuclear-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy conversion. The concept of nuclear-driven MHD energy conversion utilizes a flow seeded with a neutron absorbing species. The energy released in neutron absorption or fission processes is used to ionize the flow and enhance electrical conductivity. Research into the use of {sup 3}He/{sup 4}He mixtures in the 1960`s and 1970`s suggested the enhancement is insufficient for MHD purposes. However, new calculations suggest a region of conditions not previously considered may provide significant conductivity enhancement. Specifically, at densities less than standard atmospheric density and neutron flux greater than 1{times}10{sup 12}/cm{sup 2}s, conductivity greater than 10 mho/m may be achievable. These calculations also suggest conductivity`s of several hundred mho/m may be possible for an achievable range of conditions. Additionally, the nuclear-induced conductivity is strongly density dependent and weakly temperature dependent. Therefore, higher flow velocities, and hence higher power densities than those used in traditional MHD channels utilizing thermal ionization are possible. In order to confirm these promising calculations, a series of experiments has been proposed.
417 Citrus aurantium flavonoid extract modifies the gene expression in the rumen of genes related to inflammation and behavior in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets (2019)

Abstract One hundred forty-four bulls (164.8 ± 5.91 kg BW and 135 ± 7.2 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of 8 pens and assigned to control (C) or Citrus aurantium (BF, 0.4 kg of Bioflavex® CA per ton of concentrate). Each pen had one drinker, one separate straw feeder, and one three-space feeder where mash concentrate rich in corn, barley, DDG and wheat was offered. Concentrate intake was recorded daily, and BW and animal behavior by visual scan fortnightly. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study (12 periods of 14 d), HCW and carcass quality were recorded. Rumen wall samples were collected from 18 animals per treatment to analyze the expression of 15 genes associated with inflammation and behavior. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. In the rumen, the expression of free fatty acid receptor 2 (stimulates PPY and serotonin secretion), pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 (acts asNPY and PYY receptor), cholecystokinin receptor 4 (is a CCK and gastrin receptor), Toll-like receptor-4 (pattern recognition receptor), IL-25 (proinflammatory cytokine) and β-defensin1 (antimicrobial peptide) were greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in C compared with BF bulls (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, the expression of all bitter taste receptors (TAS2R, member 7, 16, 38 and 39) which are related with eating modulation and immune function were lesser (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expressed in BF compared with C bulls (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The supplementation with citrus flavonoids in these bulls fed high-concentrate diets tended (P &amp;lt; 0.10) to improve concentrate efficiency, reduced oral non-nutritive behaviors, agonistic interactions and sexual behaviors. The reduction on TAS2R expression is indicative of an inhibition of bitter taste receptor function by BF and the expression increase in the other genes could explain the changes observed on animal behavior within the gut-brain axis paradigm.