gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Function, osteoarthritis and activity after ACL‐rupture: 11 years follow‐up results of conservative versus reconstructive treatment (2008)

ACL-reconstruction aims to restore joint stability and prevent osteoarthritis; however, malfunction and osteoarthritis are often the sequelae. Our study asks whether ACL-reconstruction or conservative treatment lead to better long-term results. In this retrospective cohort study, 136 patients with isolated ACL-rupture who had been treated by bone-ligament-bone transplant or conservatively were identified. Twenty-seven of these were excluded because of a revision operation in the 11.1 years follow-up period, leaving 109 patients (60 reconstructions and 49 conservatively treated) for evaluation based on clinical, radiological and internationally accepted knee-scores (Tegner, IKDC, Kellgren and Lawrence). An individual cohort study is classified as EBM level 2b according to the Oxford Centre of EBM. We observed significantly better knee-stability (P = 0.008) but more osteoarthritis (Grade II or higher) after ACL-reconstruction (42% vs. 25%). Physical activity levels were similar in both groups during the follow-up period (P = 0.16). Eleven years after ACL-rupture the physical activity levels are similar for both groups. After ACL-reconstruction, stability is higher as is osteoarthritis, whereby the result is not necessarily perceived as better subjectively. Specifically, this retrospective study yielded a 24% incidence of oseoarthrits 11 years after conservative management of ACL-rupture in patients not needing secondary surgery. The risk of secondary meniscal tears is reduced after ACL reconstruction, which reduces the negative effects of OA after surgery. The ultimate objective would be to achieve a good subjective outcome by conservative treatment followed by a rehabilitation program designed to keep secondary meniscus tears at a low level.
Multisensor fusion and model selection using a minimal representation size framework (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of statistical model selection for model-based multisensor fusion problems. The minimal representation size (MRS) criterion is used as a basis for the selection of a minimal complexity model among a class of stored models, and in addition enables the selection of parameterization, scaling, and data subsampling. This use of an information-based criterion results in a "universal yardstick" for model selection which is easily adapted to new combinations of sensors and parameters. Each sensor is characterized by a constraint equation defined in the measurement space of observed sensor data. The search for the best model structure is conducted using a polynomial time hypothesize and test algorithm that uses constraining data feature sets (CDFS) to instantiate environment models. Analytical formulation of the minimal representation size model selection for tactile-visual fusion with an anthropomorphic robot hand is presented.
Design and optimization of nanoporous carbon for electrochemical applications (2012)

The goal of this research was to design porous carbon materials for application as Pt supports in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and to understand how the porosity of these Pt/C catalysts influences their activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Through the use of these novel carbon supports, another goal of this work was to improve the Pt nanoparticle utilization vs. commercial carbon supports. Additionally, the supercapacitive properties of some of these porous carbons were also studied. Initial investigations ( experimental work and modelling) of a catalyst layer prepared from commercial Pt/C catalysts confirmed that changes in the catalyst layer thickness (average pore length), conductivity, exchange current density, and average interparticle pore radius can all influence the observed ORR Tafel slope due to ohmic losses through the layer. To gain more control over these four parameters, two types of porous carbons were synthesized and evaluated: colloid imprinted carbons (CICs) and ordered mesoporous carbons (OM Cs). After loading the CICs (having pore diameters of 15, 26, 50, and 80 nm) with Pt, it was determined that the carbon wall thickness has a larger influence on ORR activity than does the pore diameter. This was supported by modelling, which demonstrated that the resistance of the CIC walls must be included in the model for the simulated and experimental ORR Tafel slopes to overlap. Pt-loaded OMCs, all having the same bimodal pore size distribution of ea. 1.8 and 3.5 nm, but different carbon wall (i.e., 'nano-string') diameters were also investigated, showing a precipitous drop in ORR activity for nanostring diameters &lt; 3 nm, due to their high ohmic resistance. A direct comparison between the ORR activity of the most promising Pt/CIC and Pt/OMC catalysts, as well as a conventional Pt/Vulcan carbon catalyst, proved that Pt/CICs are the most promising materials for PEMFC cathodes. This is because CICs have thicker and more crystalline walls, as well as larger pore diameters, vs. OMCs. The CICs were also found to have larger surface areas and pore diameters vs. conventional Vulcan carbon (VC), allowing for more uniform Pt deposition and enhanced Pt utilization. As a further advantage of CICs vs. both OMC and VC, it was shown that the pore depth of CICs can be easily tuned, allowing for control over the depth to which Pt is deposited. This is anticipated to greatly reduce any mass transport limitations that may be encountered in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). While the OMC supports were not found to be suitable as PEMFC catalyst supports, their extremely high surface areas (&gt; 1000 m2/g) make them ideal as supercapacitor materials. It was shown that OMCs prepared using sucrose as a precursor have a high density of electroactive surface functional groups, resulting in a large ( ~ 0.15 F/m2) specific capacitance. The combination of a high surface area and high specific capacitance resulted in OMC-16 having the largest as yet reported gravimetric capacitance (260 F/g) for a templated carbon material.
Structural and transcriptional analysis of plant genes encoding the bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase saccharopine dehydrogenase enzyme (2010)

The analysis of a wheat LKR/SDH gene and comparative structural and functional analyses among available plant genes provides new information on this important gene. Both the structure of the LKR/SDH gene and the immediately adjacent genes show lineage-specific differences between monocots and dicots, and findings suggest variation in activity of LKR/SDH genes among plants. Although most plant genomes seem to contain a single conserved LKR/SDH gene per genome, poplar possesses multiple contiguous genes. A preponderance of SDH transcripts suggests the LKR region may be more rate-limiting. Only switchgrass has EST evidence for LKR monofunctional transcripts. Evidence for monofunctional SDH transcripts shows a novel intron in wheat, Brachypodium, and poplar.
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis of 4,5‐Diazatetracyclo(6.2.1.1.3,6.02,7)dodeca‐4,9‐dienes: A Formal Homo‐Cope Rearrangement. (1990)

Abstract Photolytic decomposition of the diazatetracyclododecadiene (Ia) results in the formation of the housanes (IIIa) and the cyclobutane (IVa).
Heart rate monitoring through the surface of a drinkware (2014)

There is a growing demand for daily heart rate (HR) monitoring in the fields of healthcare, fitness, activity recognition, and entertainment. Although various HR monitoring systems have been proposed, most of these employ a wearable device, which may be a burden and disturb one's daily living.
Evaluation of Wettability for Outer Leads of Tape Carrier Package by Solder. (1997)

For higher reliability of bonding of outer leads to TCP (Tape Carrier Package), research has been done on temperature changes in the wettability of leads, coated with Au, Sn and Sn-Pb, by Sn-Pb eutectic solder. From changes in the wetting force according to the wetting balance method, an apprent activation energy is obtained, with the speed of degradation of wettability defined, dependence on coating thickness measured, and a formula to obtain permissible temperature aging time presented. The speed of degradation is lowest with Au ; it rises much more with Sn. It has been determined that the difference between Sn-Pb and Sn comes from the fact that degradation due to diffusion of Cu (the core meterial of the lead), in the coated layer is more influential than that due to surface oxidation. By forming lap shear joints with test pieces that possess zero wetting force, it is proved that bonding is possible, and that the speed of degradation of strength can be defined like that for wettability.
Mapping the Functional Tortuosity and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Porous Polymer Membranes with Super-Resolution Nanoparticle Tracking (2017)

As particles flow through porous media, they follow complex pathways and experience heterogeneous environments that are challenging to characterize. Tortuosity is often used as a parameter to characterize the complexity of pathways in porous materials and is useful in understanding hindered mass transport in industrial filtration and mass separation processes. However, conventional calculations of tortuosity provide only average values under static conditions; they are insensitive to the intrinsic heterogeneity of porous media and do not account for potential effects of operating conditions. Here, we employ a high-throughput nanoparticle tracking method which enables the observation of actual particle trajectories in polymer membranes under relevant operating conditions. Our results indicate that tortuosity is not simply a structural material property but is instead a functional property that depends on flow rate and particle size. We also resolved the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of flowing particles in these porous media. The distributions of tortuosity and of local residence/retention times were surprisingly broad, exhibiting heavy tails representing a population of highly tortuous trajectories and local regions with anomalously long residence times. Interestingly, local tortuosity and residence times were directly correlated, suggesting the presence of highly confining regions that cause more meandering trajectories and longer retention times. The comprehensive information about tortuosity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity provided by these methods will advance the understanding of complex mass transport and assist rational design and synthesis of porous materials.
A Resource Management System Based on the ODP Trader Concepts and X.500 (1995)

Distributed computing systems are composed of various types of hardware and software resources. Providing a reliable and efficient distributed computing environment largely depends on the effective management of these resources and the services that they provide. ISO has begun work on a proposed standard for Open Distributed Processing (ODP). The ODP framework includes a mechanism called the Trader which provides a framework for exchanging services in an open distributed computing environment. This paper presents a design of a resource information management system which employs and extends the ODP Trader concepts to facilitate the management and use of resources, information about resources and the services provided by the resources. We describe the architecture, information model, and user interface of the resource management system. We also describe a prototype implementation which uses the X.500 Directory Service as its repository for resource information and report on our experience with it to date.
Millimeter-Wave Ultra Wideband Multilayer Superconducting Filter (2019)

Ultra wideband (UWB) millimeter-wave filters are needed in the realization of analog front ends of superconductor digital receivers. In this paper, a multi-layer niobium-based superconducting bandpass filter operating over the frequency range 30-60 GHz is demonstrated for the first time. The filter is realized in a co-planar waveguide structure, where cross-overs in the multilayer structure are employed to reduce the filter size. The paper also illustrates how these cross-overs can be utilized to fine tune the filter performance. An 8-pole superconductor niobium-based filter with a size of 0.88 × 2.2 mm designed with a center frequency of 45 GHz and a bandwidth of 30 GHz has been developed, fabricated, and tested. The results demonstrate the feasibility of monolithically integrating UWB millimeter-wave filters with a superconductor receiver on single-chip.
Regulatory effect of recombinant interleukin (il) 3 and il 4 on cytokine gene expression of bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1989)

This study shows that both recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)3 and rhIL4 induced proliferation in bone marrow (BM) cells of myelogenous leukemia patients in a manner similar to that reported using normal BM cells. However, we additionally found that these cytokines also influenced expression of other cytokines. Namely, using a reproducible dot blot hybridization technique we observed on the one hand that BM cells were capable of constitutively expressing low levels of cytokine mRNA coding for IL3, IL4, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte (G)-CSF and IL 1 beta, and on the other hand that in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells rhIL4 inhibited mRNA expression coding for GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL3 and IL 1 beta, while IL4 mRNA and 28S rRNA was not affected. In contrast, rhIL3 marginally enhanced mRNA coding for IL3, GM-CSF, G-CSF and IL 1 beta and counteracted the inhibitory effect of IL4. In long-term cultures rhIL3 and rhIL4 had no significant effect on spontaneous cytokine gene expression of myelogenous leukemia-derived peripheral blood or BM cells, but made these cells more sensitive for subsequent stimulation with different polyclonal stimuli. Thus, IL3 and IL4 already modulate cytokine gene expression during the initiation of cell culture and differentiate BM cells into populations of cells which are capable of responding with an enhanced cytokine gene expression after polyclonal stimulation.
Effects of Intracranial Pressure on Tympanometric Parameters (2018)

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain, typically causing an increase in patient intracranial pressure (ICP). The increased ICP can result in headache, nausea, vomiting, and even death. To combat this potentially dangerous elevated ICP, physicians often use surgically implemented brain shunt systems that drain excess CSF from the brain into the abdominal cavity. Monitoring of ICP in patients with hydrocephalus is crucial for the effective management of brain shunt systems. Currently, clinical ICP measurement approaches are typically invasive and are performed using intraventricular catheters placed through a drilled hole in the skull. Home monitoring of ICP may be advantageous for tracking patient clinical status. A noninvasive method would be particularly useful for ICP monitoring in the emergency department, doctor's office, home and other non-ICU settings. This study aims to explore the correlation between ICP and tympanometric parameters including static acoustic compliance, a measurement of middle ear pressure at maximum compliance. Tympanometry was performed on subjects who rested on a tilt table at varying tilt angles, which induces changes in ICP. Results suggested a correlation between tilt angles and pressure of the middle ear at peak compliance. Tympanometry may provide a noninvasive method for monitoring ICP.
Selective Tumor Targeting of Desacetyl Vinblastine Hydrazide and Tubulysin B via Conjugation to a Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor (CCK2R) Ligand (2015)

As the delivery of selectively targeted cytotoxic agents via antibodies or small molecule ligands to malignancies has begun to show promise in the clinic, the need to identify and validate additional cellular targets for specific therapeutic delivery is critical. Although a multitude of cancers have been targeted using the folate receptor, PSMA, bombesin receptor, somatostatin receptor, LHRH, and αvβ3, there is a notable lack of specific small molecule ligand/receptor pairs to cellular targets found within cancers of the GI tract. Because of the selective GI tract expression of the cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R), we undertook the creation of conjugates that would deliver microtubule-disrupting drugs to malignancies through the specific targeting of CCK2R via a high affinity small molecule ligand. The cytotoxic activity of these conjugates were shown to be receptor mediated in vitro and in vivo with xenograft mouse models exhibiting delayed growth or regression of tumors that expressed CCK2R. Overall, this work demonstrates that ligands to CCK2R can be used to create selectively targeted therapeutic conjugates.
Doxorubicin‐Sensitized Luminescence of NIR‐Emitting Ytterbium Liposomes: Towards Direct Monitoring of Drug Release (2021)

Abstract Drug‐loaded liposomes are typical examples of nanomedicines. We show here that doxorubicin, the anti‐cancer agent in the liposomal drug Doxil, can sensitize Ytterbium (Yb 3+ ) and generate its near‐infrared (NIR) emission. When doxorubicin and amphiphilic Yb 3+ chelates are incorporated into liposomes, the sensitized emission of Yb 3+ is dependent on the integrity of the particles, which can be used to monitor drug release. We also established the first demonstration that the NIR Yb 3+ emission signal is observable in living mice following intratumoral injection of the Yb 3+ ‐doxorubicin‐liposomes, using a commercial macroscopic setup equipped with a NIR camera.
Crystal structures of amyloidogenic segments of human transthyretin (2018)

Amyloid diseases are characterized by the deposition of proteins in the form of amyloid fibrils, in organs that eventually fail. The development of effective drug candidates follows from the understanding of the molecular processes that lead to protein aggregation. Here, we study amyloidogenic segments of transthyretin (TTR). TTR is a transporter of thyroxine and retinol in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. When mutated and/or as a result of aging, TTR aggregates into amyloid fibrils that accumulate in organs such as the heart. Recently, we reported two amyloidogenic segments that drive amyloid aggregation. Here, we report the crystal structure of another six amyloidogenic segments of TTR. We found that the segments from the C-terminal region of TTR form in-register steric-zippers with highly-interdigitated, wet interfaces, whereas the β-strand B from the N-terminal region of TTR forms an out-of-register assembly, previously associated with oligomeric formation. Our results contribute fundamental information for understanding the mechanism of aggregation of TTR.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends from Identification of mTORC2 as a Necessary Component of HRG/ErbB2-Dependent Cellular Transformation (2023)

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Characterization of the microbial community colonizing the anal and vulvar pores of helminths from the hindgut of zebras (1989)

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the adherence and in situ morphology of the microbial community colonizing the anal and vulvar pores of the subfamily Cyathostominae (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from the colon of Burchell's zebra (Equus burchelli antiquorum). Two different morphological types of asporogenous rod were prominent in the microbial community. One was a thin, septate, filamentous organism (0.4 to 0.5 micron by 2 to 3 microns) with blunt ends, which was more prominent at the site of attachment. The other was a larger (1.8 to 2.4 microns by 5 to 10 microns) multicellular rod with round ends in the form of a trichome. Spiral- and vibrio-shaped bacteria were also present in the thin sections. The septate filaments were shown to contain a cell spacer similar to those described in Methanospirillum hungatei. Attachment to the cuticle was by means of an amorphous electron-dense material with fibrillar appearance and not by specialized holdfast segments. Ten isolates were obtained from a habitat-simulating medium on which a homogenate from the posterior region was plated. Antibodies were raised to whole cells of five rod-shaped isolates in rabbits and fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled. Positive bright-yellow fluorescence was obtained with one of the clostridial isolates. The results are discussed with reference to other bacteria with similar morphology, the nature of this unique interrelationship between the microbial community and its parasitic host inside the equine hindgut, and the possibility of biological control of parasitic helminths.
Selection of proangiogenic ascorbate derivatives and their exploitation in a novel drug‐releasing system for wound healing (2011)

The pathophysiology leading to delayed wound healing is complex and efficient therapeutic approaches for accelerated wound healing currently do not exist. We developed a novel drug-eluting platform for the potential use in wound dressings. Here, we report on the potential of eluting ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (ASC-2P), a highly stable variant of ascorbic acid, to induce angiogenesis and to promote collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. The drug-eluting platform device (DEPD) consists of biocompatible polymeric layers comprising polyethylene terephtalate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyurethane with PVA as the solvent for ASC-2P. The angiogenic potential of ASC-2P was evaluated in the endothelial cell tube formation assay (TFA) and in the chorion allantoic membrane (CAM) model. Collagen synthesis by ASC-2P-stimulated fibroblasts was determined by Sirius Red staining. ASC-2P significantly induced angiogenesis in five independent TFA and CAM assays and induced collagen synthesis in two different fibroblast cell lines. The eluting kinetics of ASC-2P was determined by the ultraviolet NanoDrop method and the functional 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) method. Eluting profiles showed a continuous release in the range of biologically effective concentrations >10 days. This is the first report showing the proangiogenic- and collagen-promoting features of ASC-2P. DEPD loaded with ASC-2P ought to be further evaluated as wound dressings or as supplementary pads for topical treatment of delayed wound healing in preclinical studies.
Centrifugo-magnetophoretic separation and routing of particles (2011)

This paper reports on the manipulation of magnetic particles in a microfluidic environment through a novel, 2-dimensional particle separation combining centrifugal sedimentation with magnetic deflection. Operation in a centrifugally enabled, stopped-flow mode (i.e., no fluid flow, mere sedimentation) minimizes divergent flow lines and hydrodynamic instabilities that are typical in pressure-driven microfluidic set-ups. Hence, our novel system excels with density, size, and magnetic-field dependent particle separation in a frequency-controlled, 2-dimensional force field.
Temper rolling to control texture and earing in aluminium alloy AA 5050A (2020)

The development of crystallographic texture during the thermo-mechanical processing of aluminium sheet is known to result in the formation of pronounced plastic anisotropy, including the well-known earing phenomenon. In the present study we track the evolution of texture, microstructure and earing profiles in sheets of Al alloy AA 5050A during down-stream processing according to a process route resulting in temper H16 after cold rolling and temper H44 after lacquering. This process, which includes interannealing followed by a mild final pass of temper rolling, was designed for producing medium-strength sheet with low earing properties. Besides the experimental characterization of the evolution of microstructure, texture and resulting earing profiles along the process chain, means to optimize the processing by adapting the intermediate thickness are addressed.