gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiroptical Differentiation of Twisted Chiral and Achiral Polymer Crystals (2019)

Charles Mauguin, in his groundbreaking 1911 paper on mechanically twisted, nematic liquid crystal cells, speculated on the possibility of measuring the effects on polarized transmitted light along a sufficiently plastic crystalline material with a preserved twist. This experiment is realized in crystalline, spherulitic polymers wherein twisted, fibrous lamellae emanating from the cores are directed along the wave vector of the incident light. Twisted lamellae of synthetic polymers are found in optically banded spherulites of both chiral and achiral polymers. The material’s chirality (the mesoscopic twist sense) is established at the cores where crystals nucleate. However, determining the twist sense directly by microstructural analyses (e.g., scanning probe or electron microscopy) is possible only in favorable cases. An optical assay, of the kind suggested by Mauguin, would be universal. The differential transmission of circularly polarized light in the cores of polymer spherulites was imaged by complete or Mueller matrix polarimetry. In this way, chiral and achiral polymers were distinguished as having optically homochiral and heterochiral cores, respectively. The sign of circular retardance, in the regime where the operating wavelength is much shorter than the pitch, indicates directly the sign of the twist and distinguishes the left and right sides of enantiopolar spherulites.
TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF ISOKINETIC HIP STRENGTH (2003)

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate test-retest reliability of isokinetic hip strength through the three cardinal planes of movement. METHODS Thirteen healthy young adults participated in two separate evaluation sessions, separated by approximately one week. During each session, isokinetic hip strength was assessed on the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer at a pre-set velocity of 60 deg/s. Subjects performed three maximal-effort concentric (CON) and three maximal-effort eccentric (ECC) contractions, separately, for each of the following movements: hip flexion (HF), extension (HE), abduction (HAB), adduction (HAD), internal (HIR), and external rotation (HER), with both the left (L) and right (R) leg. Subjects were in a standing position for HFE and HAA testing, and a seated position for HR testing. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC - 2,1) and standard errors of measurement were determined for each movement direction and contraction mode. RESULTS Motions that demonstrated high reliability (ICC =.80) included: HABCONR, HABCONL, HABECCL, HADCONL, HADECCL, HFCONR, HFCONL, HFECCR, HECONR, HEECCR, HEECCL, HIRCONR, and HIRCONL (range ICC = 0.91 – 0.81, SEM range = 7.44 – 19.49 Nm). Motions with moderate reliability (ICC<.80) include: HABECCR, HADCONR, HADECCR, HFECCL, HECONL, HIRCONL, HIRECCR, HIRECCL, HERCONR, HERECCR, and HERECCL (ICC range = 0.48 – 0.79, SEM range = 8.49 – 23.80 Nm). CONCLUSIONS The results of this investigation demonstrated that selected measures of isokinetic hip strength can be measured with high between-day reliability, while other measures such as internal and external hip rotation, concentric hip extension and adduction, and eccentric hip abduction, adduction and flexion yield higher between-day variability estimates.
Regulation of Immunity by Butyrophilins (2016)

Butyrophilin molecules (commonly contracted to BTN), collectively take their name from the eponymous protein in cow's milk. They are considered to be members of the B7 family of costimulatory receptors, which includes B7.1 (CD80), B7.2 (CD86), and related molecules, such as PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274), ICOS-L (CD275), and B7-H3 (CD276). These coreceptors modulate T cell responses upon antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex and cognate αβ T cell receptor engagement. Molecules such as BTN3A1 (CD277), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and mouse Skint1 and Btnl2, all members of the butyrophilin family, show greater structural and functional diversity than the canonical B7 receptors. Some butyrophilins mediate complex interactions between antigen-presenting cells and conventional αβ T cells, and others regulate the immune responses of specific γδ T cell subsets by mechanisms that have characteristics of both innate and adaptive immunity.
Multicenter Evaluation of the Simplexa VZV Direct Assay for Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Lesion-Swab Specimens (2022)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the etiologic agent of varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles) infections commonly involving skin, mucous membranes, and less frequently the central nervous system. Traditional methods for the laboratory diagnosis of these infections are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often insensitive. As such, these tests are being replaced by more sensitive and rapid molecular methods. This study evaluated the performance of two different molecular assays, the Simplexa VZV Direct and Simplexa VZV Swab Direct, to detect VZV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and lesion-swab specimens, respectively. The Simplexa VZV Direct and Simplexa VZV Swab Direct assays were compared against individual composite reference methods that varied depending on the sample cohort examined. A total of 883 CSF and 452 cutaneous and mucocutaneous prospective, retrospective, and contrived specimens were evaluated in this multicenter study. The results of this study showed that the Simplexa assays demonstrated near perfect agreement (k = 0.98) compared to the composite reference methods for the detection of VZV in CSF and lesion swab specimens. A further comparison between the standard of care molecular assays employed at the site of specimen collection and the Simplexa assays demonstrated excellent agreement (k = 1.0). The Simplexa assays offer rapid and reliable alternatives for the detection of VZV in certain clinical specimens without the need for nucleic acid extraction.
Multivariate classification of Brugada syndrome patients based on autonomic response to exercise testing (2018)

Ventricular arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome (BS) typically occur at rest and especially during sleep, suggesting that changes in the autonomic modulation may play an important role in arrhythmogenesis. The autonomic response to exercise and subsequent recovery was evaluated on 105 patients diagnosed with BS (twenty-four were symptomatic), by means of a time-frequency heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, so as to propose a novel predictive model capable of distinguishing symptomatic and asymptomatic BS populations. During incremental exercise, symptomatic patients showed higher HFnu values, probably related to an increased parasympathetic modulation, with respect to asymptomatic subjects. In addition, those extracted HRV features best distinguishing between populations were selected using a two-step feature selection approach, so as to build a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier. The final features subset included one third of the total amount of extracted autonomic markers, mostly acquired during incremental exercise and active recovery, thus evidencing the relevance of these test segments in BS patients classification. The derived predictive model showed an improved performance with respect to previous works in the field (AUC = 0.92 ± 0.01; Se = 0.91 ± 0.06; Sp = 0.90 ± 0.05). Therefore, based on these findings, some of the analyzed HRV markers and the proposed model could be useful for risk stratification in Brugada syndrome.
The gravitational field of a cube (2012)

Large astronomical objects such as stars or planets, produce approximately spherical shapes due to the large gravitational forces, and if the object is rotating rapidly, it becomes an oblate spheroid. In juxtaposition to this, we conduct a thought experiment regarding the properties of a planet being in the form of a perfect cube. We firstly calculate the gravitational potential and from the equipotentials, we deduce the shape of the lakes that would form on the surface of such an object. We then consider the formation of orbits around such objects both with a static and a rotating cube. A possible practical application of these results is that, because cuboid objects can be easily stacked together, we can calculate the field of more complicated shapes, using the principle of superposition, by simply adding the field from a set of component shapes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclopentane‐Fused Oxygen Heterocycles from the Intramolecular Reaction of Alkynes with Cyclopropylcarbenechromium Complexes. (1990)

Abstract The cyclopropylcarbenechromium complex (I) reacts with the alkynols (II) to give the α‐alkynyloxycarbene complexes (III).
VEGF- and VEGFR2-Targeted Liposomes for Cisplatin Delivery to Glioma Cells (2016)

Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to brain tumors, especially glioblastoma multiforme, which is the most frequent and aggressive type, is one of the important objectives in nanomedicine. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor type II (VEGFR2) are promising targets because they are overexpressed by not only core tumor cells but also by migrated glioma cells, which are responsible for resistance and rapid progression of brain tumors. The purpose of the present study was to develop the liposomal drug delivery system combining enhanced loading capacity of cisplatin and high binding affinity to glioma cells. This was achieved by using of highly soluble cisplatin analogue, cis-diamminedinitratoplatinum(II), and antibodies against the native form of VEGF or VEGFR2 conjugated to liposome surface. The developed drug delivery system revealed sustained drug release profile, high affinity to antigens, and increased uptake by glioma C6 and U-87 MG cells. Pharmacokinetic study on glioma C6-bearing rats revealed prolonged blood circulation time of the liposomal formulation. The above features enabled the present drug delivery system to overcome both poor pharmacokinetics typical for platinum formulations and low loading capacity typical for conventional liposomal cisplatin formulations.
HP-09-001 Erectile Function and Glycaemic Control in 109 Hypogonadal Men with Prediabetes Treated with Testosterone Undecanoate Injections (TU) for up to 8 Years: Real-life Data from Registry Studies (2016)

Testosterone therapy (TTh) has been studied in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is no information, however, on effects of TTh in hypogonadal men with prediabetes. Our aim was to study erectile function in hypogonadal men with prediabetes. From two registries of hypogonadal men receiving long-term TTh with TU, 109 men with prediabetes, defined as a baseline HbA1c from 5.7 to 6.4%, were analysed. TU was administered in 3-month intervals for up to 8 years. At each or each other visit, questionnaires were applied and anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured. Mean age was 57.37 ± 8.99 years. Total testosterone increased from 8.55 ± 2.14 to trough levels between 16 and 19 nmol/L. Mean IIEF-EF (maximum score: 30) improved from 13.04 ± 6.3 to 22.55 ± 4.74. The improvement was statistically significant for three years and remained statistically significant vs baseline throughout the observation time and stable compared to previous years. Weight decreased from 96.15 ± 13.05 to 84.14 ± 6.98 kg by -14 ± 0.65%, waist circumference from 103.8 ± 6.88 to 94.32 ± 4.53 cm by -9.62 ± 0.44 cm (p < 0.0001 for both). Fasting glucose decreased from 5.43 ± 0.68 to 4.63 ± 0.67, change from baseline -0.94 ± 0.11 mmol/L reaching a plateau after 1 year. HbA1c decreased from 5.9 ± 0.21 to 5.38 ± 0.26%, change from baseline -0.59 ± 0.04% with statistical significance compared to the previous year for the first 3 years. The triglyceride:HDL ratio, considered a surrogate parameter of insulin resistance, declined from 5.62 ± 2.61 to 2.6 ± 0.74 (p < 0.0001 for all). No patient progressed from prediabetes to T2DM. All but 4 patients’ last HbA1c was < 5.7%. 3 patients dropped out, 2 due to relocation to a different city, 1 was lost to follow-up. There were no major adverse cardiovascular events during the full observation time.
Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier at 1.3µm Wavelengths for Customer Connection in Optical Access Networks (1996)

A two-segment reflective SOA at 1.3µm wavelength, that is operated as a transceiver for subscriber terminal applications, is realized. Signal gating with 50dB on/off ratio, 403ps rise-and 750ps fall-time as well as signal detection with a responsivity of 3A/W and a bandwidth in excess of 622Mb/s are demonstrated for the transmitter and the receiver mode, respectively.
Structural and Hydrodynamic Aspects of Steel Lazy Wave Riser in Deepwater (2019)

Abstract Exploration of oil and gas in deep and ultra-deepwater under harsh weather condition is challenging. A steel lazy wave riser (SLWR) is considered to be a cost-effective alternative to get the gas or oil flow up to the platform under these conditions. The staggered buoyant section provides buoyancy force which forms an arch shape of the SLWR. This arch shape makes the SLWR configuration flexible and isolates the dynamic responses of the upper part and lower part of the riser. However, there is a lack of full understanding of the behavior of SLWRs. This is, due to a complicated loading from waves, vessel motions and flow induced vibrations caused by ocean currents, complex structural configurations, and non-linearities. Time-domain simulation is necessary to accurately predict the dynamic responses and capture the non-linearities. Realistic fatigue damage calculation is essential in the design phase of SLWR. The design of SLWR could be optimized with a better understanding of the dynamic responses of SLWR.
Fabrication of compact 100 nm-scale silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (1992)

The fabrication of exploratory silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors in which all device levels meet 100 nm groundrules is reported. The device design incorporates several novel features which allow for an ultracompact structure. These features include shallow trench isolation, over-the-gate contacts, fully overlapped source, drain and gate contacts and shallow source and drain extensions. This article offers a detailed description of the fabrication process, with an emphasis on high resolution, high accuracy electron beam nanolithography and new reactive ion etching processes. Complete process integration is described which culminates in the successful fabrication of functional compact devices.
Engineered Bacterial Mimics of Human Drug Metabolizing Enzyme CYP2C9 (2011)

Abstract Simple and universal methods for the preparation of human drug metabolites are required to produce quantities sufficient for their characterization and toxicity testing. Synthetic chemistry lacks general catalysts for selective oxidation of unactivated CH bonds, a transformation that plays a key role in metabolism; bioconversions using P450 enzymes have emerged as a powerful alternative. Variants of P450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium act on diverse substrates, including drugs. Acidic substrates, such as the compounds metabolized by CYP2C9, which is one of three main hepatic human P450s, are not accepted by P450 BM3 variants engineered to date. Herein, we report bacterial mimics of CYP2C9, which are active on two widely administered drugs, naproxen and ibuprofen, that are CYP2C9 substrates in vivo. These P450 BM3 variants can also act on desmethylnaproxen, the human metabolite of naproxen, and convert it to the 1,4‐naphthoquinone derivative. We analyzed the crystal structure of the heme domain of an early intermediate in the directed‐evolution experiment. The active site mutation, L75R, which initially conferred activity on charged substrates, dramatically increased structural flexibility in the B′‐helix. This increased flexibility, which was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in enzyme stability, may contribute to the variant’s ability to accept a broader range of substrates.
Binary Mask Programmable Hologram (2012)

We report, for the first time, the concept and generation of a novel Fresnel hologram called the digital binary mask programmable hologram (BMPH). A BMPH is comprised of a static, high resolution binary grating that is overlaid with a lower resolution binary mask. The reconstructed image of the BMPH can be programmed to approximate a target image (including both intensity and depth information) by configuring the pattern of the binary mask with a simple genetic algorithm (SGA). As the low resolution binary mask can be realized with less stringent display technology, our method enables the development of simple and economical holographic video display.
Systematizing the generation of missing metabolic knowledge (2010)

Genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions are built from all of the known metabolic reactions and genes in a target organism. However, since our knowledge of any organism is incomplete, these network reconstructions contain gaps. Reactions may be missing, resulting in dead-ends in pathways, while unknown gene products may catalyze known reactions. New computational methods that analyze data, such as growth phenotypes or gene essentiality, in the context of genome-scale metabolic networks, have been developed to predict these missing reactions or genes likely to fill these knowledge gaps. A growing number of experimental studies are appearing that address these computational predictions, leading to discovery of new metabolic capabilities in the target organism. Gap-filling methods can thus be used to improve metabolic network models while simultaneously leading to discovery of new metabolic gene functions.
Comprehensive large-signal performance analysis of ceramic capacitors for power pulsation buffers (2016)

In high power density single-phase PV inverter systems, active auxiliary circuits are installed, shifting the double line-frequency power pulsation away from the dc link to a dedicated buffer capacitor. Being relieved from strict voltage ripple requirements, a larger voltage ripple is allowed at the buffer capacitor, significantly reducing the capacitance requirements and consequently the overall volume of the converter system. Since the capacitance density of electrolytic capacitors must be derated because of imposed current limitations, ceramic capacitors become the preferred choice in power pulsation buffer applications. In particular, TDK's class II X6S MLCC with BaTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ceramic and the recently launched CeraLink with PLZT ceramic are promising candidates due to their high energy density. The actual prevailing capacitance of these two types of ceramics, strongly depends on the operating point, that is, a dc bias voltage and a superimposed large-signal amplitude ac voltage. Unfortunately, the large-signal behavior and performance of these ceramic capacitors is not specified by the manufacturer. In this paper, a comprehensive characterization of the X6S MLCC and the CeraLink large-signal performance is carried out by means of experimental measurements. The acquired data enables an accurate dimensioning of the power pulsation buffer capacitor and an estimate of the capacitor losses during operation. Since the device temperature has a strong impact on the ceramic properties, results for 30 °C, 60 °C and 90 °C are presented.
Anti-nuclear autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis : News and perspectives (2018)

Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disorder characterized by microvascular damage and excessive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. One hallmark of the immunological abnormalities in systemic sclerosis is the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies, which are detected in more than 90% of patients with systemic sclerosis. Anti-centromere antibodies, anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibodies, and anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies are the predominant anti-nuclear antibodies found in systemic sclerosis patients. Other systemic sclerosis-related anti-nuclear antibodies include those targeted against U3 ribonucleoprotein, Th/To, U11/U12 ribonucleoprotein, and eukaryotic initiation factor 2B. Anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein, anti-Ku antibodies, anti-PM-Scl, and anti-RuvBL1/2 antibodies are associated with systemic sclerosis overlap syndrome. Anti-human upstream binding factor, anti-Ro52/TRIM21, anti-B23, and anti-centriole antibodies do not have specificity to systemic sclerosis, but are sometimes detected in sera from patients with systemic sclerosis. Identification of each systemic sclerosis-related antibody is useful to diagnose and predict organ involvement, since the particular type of systemic sclerosis-related antibodies is often predictive of clinical features, severity, and prognosis. The clinical phenotypes are largely influenced by ethnicity. Currently, an immunoprecipitation assay is necessary to detect most systemic sclerosis-related antibodies; therefore, the establishment of an easy, reliable, and simple screening system is warranted.
Health students’ knowledge and infectious disease exposure: findings from a cross-sectional study in Namibia (2019)

Knowledge of TB and HIV appears mostly related to the duration of study in health students. Exposure or specific experience may enhance knowledge. Future training in infection control may be better focussed on improving knowledge in earlier years.
The effect of crosslinking on ion transport in nanocellulose-based membranes (2021)

Ion selective membranes are at the heart of energy conversion and harvesting, water treatment, and biotechnologies. The currently available membranes are mostly based on expensive and non-biodegradable polymers. Here, we report a cation-selective and low-cost membrane prepared from renewable nanocellulose and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid which simultaneously serves as crosslinker and source of anionic surface groups. Charge density and structure of the membranes are studied. By using different degrees of crosslinking, simultaneous control over both the nanochannel structure and surface charge concentration is achieved, which in turn determines the resulting ion transport properties. Increasing negative charge concentration via higher crosslinker content, the obtained ion conductivity reaches up to 8 mS/cm (0.1 M KCl). Optimal ion selectivity, also influenced by the solution pH, is achieved at 20 wt% crosslinker addition (with ion conductivity of 1.6 mS/cm). As regular ~1.4 nm nanochannels were formed at this composition, nanofluidic contribution to ion transport is likely.
Microbial gifts from rain forests<sup>1</sup> (2002)

It appears that all higher plants are hosts to one or more endophytic microbes. These organisms reside in the tissues between and among living plant cells. The relationship that they establish with the plant varies from symbiotic to pathogenic. Of the estimated 500 000 plant species on the planet, less than a handful have had their endophytic microflora studied. As a result, the opportunity of finding new and interesting microorganisms within the myriad of the world's plants is great. In addition, in the case of a microbe being symbiotic, new and unusual organic substances may be discovered that contribute to the host-microbe relationship while at the same time providing new and interesting bioactive compounds that may find uses in medicine, industry, and agriculture. Some of the compounds that we have discovered in endophytic microbes are taxol, cryptocin, cryptocandin, and ambuic acid. This review discusses an approach to bioprospecting the rain forests, not only to understand them, but to realize the importance and value they have to humankind.
Near UV photosensitivity of germanosilicate glasses (2005)

Summary form only given. The UV processing of germanosilicate fibers and preforms is connected with bleaching of blue 400-nm luminescence and increase of red luminescence with maximum at 650 nm. The induced red band, which was ascribed to drawing-induced defect (DID center), was found to correlate with index change.