gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of jet-substructure observables in top quark, W boson and light jet production in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2019)

A bstract A measurement of jet substructure observables is presented using data collected in 2016 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC with proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV. Large-radius jets groomed with the trimming and soft-drop algorithms are studied. Dedicated event selections are used to study jets produced by light quarks or gluons, and hadronically decaying top quarks and W bosons. The observables measured are sensitive to substructure, and therefore are typically used for tagging large-radius jets from boosted massive particles. These include the energy correlation functions and the N -subjettiness variables. The number of subjets and the Les Houches angularity are also considered. The distributions of the substructure variables, corrected for detector effects, are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators. They are also compared between the large-radius jets originating from light quarks or gluons, and hadronically decaying top quarks and W bosons.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the Asymmetric Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted Alkylamines via Grignard Additions to Ketimines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Recent advances in plant membrane‐bound transcription factor research: Emphasis on intracellular movement (2013)

Transcription factors constitute numerous signal transduction networks and play a central role in gene expression regulation. Recent studies have shown that a limited portion of transcription factors are anchored in the cellular membrane, storing as dormant forms. Upon exposure to environmental and developmental cues, these transcription factors are released from the membrane and translocated to the nucleus, where they regulate associated target genes. As this process skips both transcriptional and translational regulations, it guarantees prompt response to external and internal signals. Membrane-bound transcription factors (MTFs) undergo several unique steps that are not involved in the action of canonical nuclear transcription factors: proteolytic processing and intracellular movement. Recently, alternative splicing has also emerged as a mechanism to liberate MTFs from the cellular membranes, establishing an additional activation scheme independent of proteolytic processing. Multiple layers of MTF regulation add complexity to transcriptional regulatory scheme and ensure elaborate action of MTFs. In this review, we provide an overview of recent findings on MTFs in plants and highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying MTF liberation from cellular membranes with an emphasis on intracellular movement.
Structure‐activity studies of peptidomimetics based on kinase‐inhibitory region of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (2017)

Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative regulators of JAK proteins that are receptor-associated tyrosine kinases, which play key roles in the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of several transcription factors named STATs. Unlike the other SOCS proteins, SOCS1 and 3 show, in the N-terminal portion, a small kinase inhibitory region (KIR) involved in the inhibition of JAK kinases. Drug discovery processes of compounds based on KIR sequence demonstrated promising in functional in vitro and in inflammatory animal models and we recently developed a peptidomimetic called PS5, as lead compound. Here, we investigated the cellular ability of PS5 to mimic SOCS1 biological functions in vascular smooth muscle cells and simultaneously we set up a new binding assay for the screening and identification of JAK2 binders based on a SPR experiment that revealed more robust with respect to previous ELISAs. On this basis, we designed several peptidomimetics bearing new structural constraints that were analyzed in both affinities toward JAK2 and conformational features through Circular Dichroism and NMR spectroscopies. Introduced chemical modifications provided an enhancement of serum stabilities of new sequences that could aid the design of future mimetic molecules of SOCS1 as novel anti-inflammatory compounds.
Hyaluronan protection of corneal endothelial cells against extracellular histones after phacoemulsification (2014)

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Geomechanical Template for Distributed Acoustic Sensing Strain Patterns during Hydraulic Fracturing (2021)

Summary Recently more distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data have been collected during hydraulic fracturing in shale. Low-frequency DAS signals show patterns that are intuitively consistent with the understanding of the strain field around hydraulic fractures. This study uses a fracture simulator combined with a finite element solver to further understand the various patterns of the strain field caused by hydraulic fracturing. The results can serve as a “type-curve” template for the further interpretation of cross-well strain field plots. Incorporating detailed pump schedule and fracturing fluid/proppant properties, we use a hydraulic fracture simulator to generate fracture geometries, which are then passed to a finite element solver as boundary conditions for elastic-static calculation of the strain field. Because the finite element calculated strain is a tensor, it needs to be projected along the monitoring well trajectory to be comparable with the DAS strain, which is uniaxial. Moreover, the calculated strain field is transformed into a time domain using constant fracture propagation velocity. Strain rate is further derived from the simulated strain field using differentiation along the fracture propagation direction. Scenarios including a single planar hydraulic fracture, a single fracture with a discrete fracture network (DFN), and multiple planar hydraulic fractures in both vertical and horizontal directions were studied. The scenarios can be differentiated in the strain patterns on the basis of the finite element simulation results. In general, there is a tensile heart-shaped zone in front of the propagating fracture tip shown along the horizontal strain direction on both strain and strain rate plots. On the sides, there are compressional zones parallel to the fracture. The strain field projects beyond the depth where the hydraulic fracture is present. Patterns from strain rate can be used to distinguish whether the fracture is intersecting the fiber. Along the vertical direction, the transition zone depicts the upper boundary of the fracture. A complex fracture network with DFN shows a much more complex pattern compared with a single planar fracture. Multiple planar fractures show polarity reversals in horizontal fiber because of interactions between fractures. Data from the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site 2 (HFTS2) experiment were used to validate the simulated results. The application of the study is to provide a template to better interpret hydraulic fracture characteristics using low-frequency DAS strain-monitoring data. To our understanding, there are no comprehensive templates for engineers to understand the strain signals from cross-well fiber monitoring. The results of this study will guide engineers toward better optimization of well spacing and fracturing design to minimize well interference and improve efficiency.
Cytokine-based cancer immunotherapy impairs primary T cell immunity (VAC3P.942) (2014)

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has made great strides towards becoming a viable alternative to traditional cancer treatment options. Under the premise of specificity and long lasting memory, immunotherapy is hypothesized to provide what traditional cancer therapies lack. However, despite success in tumor efficacy, the smoking gun of tumor-specific immunity has yet to be uncovered. Few studies to date have found correlations between tumor specific T cells and outcomes, particularly with stimulatory regimens. Here we show evidence that following cytokine based immunotherapy regimens, primary CD4 T cell responses towards mitogenic or cognate antigenic stimulation were greatly hampered. This lack of CD4 immunity was further exacerbated by acute thymic involution. Interestingly, the paralysis was confined to the CD4 T cell subset and was transient, resolving within 2 weeks of cessation of therapy. Paralyzed T cells significantly upregulated SOCS3 and failed to undergo proper STAT phosphorylation and CD25 upregulation following TCR engagement. The consequences of this paralysis were impaired vaccination and viral clearance, and also suggest impairment in the development of subsequent primary anti-tumor T cell responses. Taken together, these data suggest that cytokine-based immunotherapies may actually impair the development of immunity towards novel tumor antigens and may put patients at risk for opportunistic infections.
The Use of Chicken Igy in a Double Antibody Sandwich Elisa for the Quantification of Melittin in Bee Venom and Bee Venom Melittin Content in Cosmetics (2015)

Abstract Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) - based detection systems: indirect competitive ELISA and biotinylated double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) were developed to determine the melittin concentration in honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom and the melittin concentration in cosmetics which contain bee venom. The indirect competitive ELISA employed chicken anti-melittin IgY. The biotinylated DAS-ELISA employed anti-melittin monoclonal antibody (MAb) and biotinylated anti-melittin IgY. To produce anti-melittin IgY; Sigma melittin was emulsified with Freund‘s incomplete adjuvant and immunised to Leghorn laying chickens intramuscularly at four different sites (50 μg/mL, 0.25 mL per site) of the breast muscles. After 5 to 8 weeks of the immunisation, anti-melittin IgY was extracted and analysed by ELISA. The anti-melittin IgY antibody produced was highly specific to melittin and did not cross-react with other bee venom proteins, as examined by ELISA and a western-blot assay. Indirect competitive ELISA demonstrated a higher range of melittin detection (2.5 to 80 μg/mL). Double antibody sandwich ELISA using MAb as the capture antibody and biotinylated polyclonal IgY as the detection antibody, provided a lower range of detection (2.5 - 40 ng/mL), which has a 1000 times higher sensitivity than that of indirect competitive ELISA. Therefore, indirect competitive ELISA is a useful tool to measure the concentration of melittin in bee venom as a raw material. Biotinylated DAS-ELISA, on the other hand, is more suitable for nanoscale quantification of melittin in commercial products.
4.5-dB CMOS Forward Coupler Incorporating Asymmetric Left-Handed Coupled Lines at 430 GHz (2016)

An asymmetric left-handed coupled-line is presented to implement the tight forward coupler. Two left-handed transmission lines are coupled through its shunt inductors. The numerical procedures based on the generalized four-port scattering parameters combined with the periodical boundary conditions are applied to extract the modal characteristics of the asymmetric coupled-line, and theoretically predict that the proposed coupled-line can make a normalized phase constant of c mode 1.57 times larger than π mode for the forward coupler miniaturization. The design curves based on different overlapping length of the shunt inductors are reported for the coupler design. The procedures, so-called the port-reduction-method (PRM), are applied to experimentally characterize the coupler prototype using the two-port instruments. The measured results confirm that prototype uses 0.21 λg at 430 GHz to achieve -4.55 dB forward coupling with 13% 1-dB operating bandwidth.
Intelligent Expression-independent Face Recognition Algorithm (2006)

Robotic vision has always been an important topic in robotics research. In this paper an algorithm is proposed to try to endow the robot with the ability to recognize a person by his/her 3D face image. Unlike most previous approaches, this algorithm uses a framework of integrated expression recognition and face recognition to deal with the challenge of expression-independent face recognition. The algorithm is based on the probabilistic methods to model the variation between expressional faces and neutral faces. Experiments were performed on a database of 30 subjects. Each of the subjects contributed two smiling expression images in addition to two neutral expression images. Experimental results proved the feasibility of this framework.
Does the Vividness of Imagination Influence Illusory Self-Motion in Virtual Reality? (2022)

The illusory sensation of self-motion is defined as vection. Vection research can help enhance Virtual Reality applications and improve simulator fidelity as vection appears to be a desired sensation in motion simulators. The experience of vection can be modulated by cognitive factors and potentially personal traits, such as the vividness of imagination. Previous research investigating the relationship between auditory vection and kinesthetic imagery presented conflicting findings. However, the relationship between visually-induced vection and imagination has not been investigated. Herein we investigated the relationship between kinesthetic imagery and unimodal visual and bimodal visual-auditory vection. Twenty-nine participants were visually and audibly immersed in virtual environments with varying degrees of ecological relevance wherein they reported on their vection experience. No differences were found for vection intensity and latency measures between participants with high and low kinesthetic imagery. We conclude that imagery does not appear to play a role in the experience of visually-induced vection.
Development of the first axillary in vitro shoot multiplication protocol for coconut palms (2021)

The coconut palm or "tree of life" is one of nature's most useful plants and the demand for its fruit is increasing. However, coconut production is threatened by ageing plantations, pests and diseases. Currently, the palm is exclusively propagated via seeds, limiting the amount of planting material. A novel micropropagation method is presented, based on axillary shoot formation. Apical meristems of in vitro coconut seedlings are cultured onto Y3 medium containing 1 µM TDZ. This induces the apical meristem to proliferate through axillary shoots in ~ 27% of the initiated explants. These axillary shoots are seen as white clumps of proliferating tissue and can be multiplied at a large scale or regenerated into rooted in vitro plantlets. This innovative micropropagation method will enable the production of disease-free, high quality in vitro plantlets, which will solve the worldwide scarcity of coconut planting material.
A context-aware speech recognition and understanding system for air traffic control domain (2017)

Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding (ASRU) systems can generally use temporal and situational context information to improve their performance for a given task. This is typically done by rescoring the ASR hypotheses or by dynamically adapting the ASR models. For some domains, such as Air Traffic Control (ATC), this context information can be, however, small in size, partial and available only as abstract concepts (e.g. airline codes), which are difficult to map into full possible spoken sentences to perform rescoring or adaptation. This paper presents a multi-modal ASRU system, which dynamically integrates partial temporal and situational ATC context information to improve its performance. This is done either by 1) extracting word sequences which carry relevant ATC information from ASR N-best Lists and then perform a context-based rescoring on the extracted ATC segments or 2) by a partial adaptation of the language model. Experiments conducted on 4 hours of test data from Prague and Vienna approach (arrivals) showed a relative reduction of the ATC command error rate metric by 30% to 50%.
Calculation of a surface-induced polar effect in nematic liquid crystals (1994)

We report accurate numerical results for a surface-induced polar effect in a nematic liquid crystal, associated with the symmetry breaking of anisotropic interfacial interactions. By performing numerical simulations, the orientational profiles of the director, the surface molecular tilt, and the resulting optical phase shift are obtained as a function of both the anchoring strength and an external electric field E. In a simple geometry with homogeneous boundary conditions, the polar effect is directly related to the difference in the anchoring energy, and its magnitude depends primarily on ${\mathit{E}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Antimalarial Activity of Tricyclic Analogues of Artemisinin. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automatic Application of the Data-State Model in Data-Flow Contexts (2010)

The data-state and data-flow models of information visualization are known to be expressively equivalent. Each model is most effective for different combinations of analysis processes and data characteristics. Visualization frameworks tend to either (1) work within a single model or (2) permit either model in separate sub-frameworks. In either case, converting between the two models falls entirely to the programmer. The theoretical basis for automatic translation between the two models was established by Chi. However, that process is insufficiently specified to be directly implemented. This paper characterizes the practical advantages of the data-state model. This is used to identify when such a transformation is beneficial. It then expands on Chi's theoretical framework to provide the tools for translating visualization program fragments from the data-flow to the data-state model. A partial implementation of the expanded theory is described for the Stencil visualization environment.
A Divergent Polyene Cyclization for the Total Synthesis of Greenwayodendrines, Greenwaylactams, Polysin and Polyveoline (2023)

Abstract We present a concise asymmetric total synthesis (5–8 steps) of nine sesquiterpenoid alkaloids featuring four different tetra‐/pentacyclic scaffolds. To this end, a novel, bioinspired indole N‐terminated cationic tricyclization has been developed, enabling the divergent synthesis of greenwayodendrines and polysin. Subtle variation of the C2‐substituted indole cyclization precursor allowed switching between indole N‐ and C‐termination. For the latter, a subsequent Witkop oxidation enabled conversion of the cyclopentene‐fused indole into the eight‐membered benzolactam to directly furnish the family of greenwaylactams. In addition, a diastereomeric C‐termination product has been elaborated to provide access to polyveoline.
Investigation of a Downsized Silica Highly Nonlinear Fiber (2007)

Theoretical influences of reducing the cladding diameter for silica highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) have been investigated by the finite-element method. Downsized HNLF with 56-mum cladding was fabricated, and certain reliability was confirmed through mechanical and environmental tests. A coin-sized module was obtained using over 200 m of 56-mum HNLF.
Strain-induced enhancement of near-infrared absorption in Ge epitaxial layers grown on Si substrate (2005)

Epitaxially grown Ge layers on Si substrate are shown to reveal an enhanced absorption of near-infrared light, which is effective for the photodiode application in Si-based photonics. Ge layers as thick as 1μm were grown on Si substrate by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical-vapor deposition with a low-temperature buffer layer technique. X-ray-diffraction measurements showed that the Ge layer possesses a tensile strain as large as 0.2%, which is generated during the cooling from the high growth temperature due to the thermal-expansion mismatch between Ge and Si. Photoreflectance measurements showed that the tensile strain reduces the direct band-gap energy to 0.77 eV (c.f. 0.80 eV for unstrained Ge), as expected from the theory. Reflecting the band-gap narrowing, photodiodes fabricated using the Ge layer revealed an enhanced absorption of near-infrared light with the photon energy below 0.80 eV, i.e., with the wavelength above 1.55μm. This property is effective to apply the photodiodes to the L band (1.56–1.62μm) in the optical communications as well as the C band (1.53–1.56μm). It is shown that the experimental absorption spectrum agrees with the theoretical one taking into account the splitting of light-hole and heavy-hole valence bands accompanied by the band-gap narrowing. Based on the calculation, the performance of the photodiode using the tensile-strained Ge is discussed.
Effect of caffeine on myocardial blood flow at rest and during pharmacological vasodilation. (1995)

Caffeine intake alters the coronary vasomotor tone at rest, which might lower the threshold for ischemic events in patients with CAD. It reduces hyperemic blood flow and flow reserve and the dipyridamole-induced increase in heart rate in a dose-dependent fashion. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully screening patients for intake of caffeinated food, beverages or medication prior to dipyridamole stress testing.
Evolution of Si Nanocrystals Towards Quantum Confinement (1997)

Optical studies of nanocrystalline silicon were performed, which include: photoluminescence, excitation, and absorption spectroscopy. The results presented here differ from those observed in porous silicon and in other nanocrystalline silicon systems in various subtle ways. We report on the evolution of Si nanocrystals as they evolve into the size regime where quantum confinement effects are observed Size-selective spectroscopy on a distribution of different-sized Si nanocrystals in a methanol colloid exhibit uniform spectral shifts with excitation wavelength. Quantum confinement effects are clearly identified.
Understanding Human Autonomy Teaming Through Applications (2017)

This presentation describes the development and demonstration of human autonomy teaming technologies for improving aviation safety and efficiency during nominal and off-nominal operations by developing and validating increasingly autonomous systems concepts, technologies, and procedures.
Establishment of a genotyping scheme for<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> (2005)

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever. The bacterium is highly infectious and is classified as a category B biological weapon. The tools of molecular biology are of utmost importance in a rapid and unambiguous identification of C. burnetii in naturally occurring Q fever outbreaks, or in cases of a deliberate release of the infectious agent. In this work, development of a multiple locus variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) for the characterization of C. burnetii is described. Sixteen C. burnetii isolates and five passage history/laboratory variants were characterized. The VNTR markers revealed many polymorphisms resulting in nine unique MLVA types that cluster into five different clusters. This proves that the MLVA system is highly discriminatory. The selected VNTR markers were stable. The MLVA method developed in this report is a promising tool for the characterization of C. burnetii isolates and their epidemiological study.