gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Impairment in Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells is Involved in the Correlation between Body Temperature and Stroke Severity (2016)

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The prognostic influence of body temperature on acute stroke in patients has been recently reported; however, hypothermia has confounded experimental results in animal stroke models. This work aimed to investigate how body temperature could prognose stroke severity as well as reveal a possible mitochondrial mechanism in the association of body temperature and stroke severity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compromises mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CVECs) and worsens murine experimental stroke. In this study, we report that LPS (0.1 mg/kg) exacerbates stroke infarction and neurological deficits, in the mean time LPS causes temporary hypothermia in the hyperacute stage during 6 hours post-stroke. Lower body temperature is associated with worse infarction and higher neurological deficit score in the LPS-stroke study. However, warming of the LPS-stroke mice compromises animal survival. Furthermore, a high dose of LPS (2 mg/kg) worsens neurological deficits, but causes persistent severe hypothermia that conceals the LPS exacerbation of stroke infarction. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor, rotenone, replicates the data profile of the LPS-stroke study. Moreover, we have confirmed that rotenone compromises mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in CVECs. Lastly, the pooled data analyses of a large sample size (n=353) demonstrate that stroke mice have lower body temperature compared to sham mice within 6 hours post-surgery; the body temperature is significantly correlated with stroke outcomes; linear regression shows that lower body temperature is significantly associated with higher neurological scores and larger infarct volume. We conclude that post-stroke body temperature predicts stroke severity and mitochondrial impairment in CVECs plays a pivotal role in this hypothermic response. These novel findings suggest that body temperature is prognostic for stroke severity in experimental stroke animal models and may have translational significance for clinical stroke patients - targeting endothelial mitochondria may be a clinically useful approach for stroke therapy.
Paradoxical activation of SREBP1c and <i>de novo</i> lipogenesis by hepatocyte-selective ACLY depletion in obese mice (2022)

ABSTRACT Hepatic steatosis associated with high fat diets, obesity and type 2 diabetes is thought to be the major driver of severe liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A (AcCoA), a central metabolite and substrate for de novo lipogenesis (DNL), is produced from citrate by ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) and from acetate through AcCoA synthase short chain family member 2 (ACSS2). However, the relative contributions of these two enzymes to hepatic AcCoA pools and DNL rates in response to high fat feeding is unknown. We report here that hepatocyte-selective depletion of either ACSS2 or ACLY caused similar 50% decreases in liver AcCoA levels in obese mice, showing that both pathways contribute to generation of this DNL substrate. Unexpectedly however, the hepatocyte ACLY depletion in obese mice paradoxically increased total DNL flux measured by D2O incorporation into palmitate, while in contrast ACSS2 depletion had no effect. The increase in liver DNL upon ACLY depletion was associated with increased expression of nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and of its target DNL enzymes. This upregulated DNL enzyme expression explains the increased rate of palmitate synthesis in ACLY depleted livers. Furthermore, this increased flux through DNL may also contribute to the observed depletion of AcCoA levels due to its increased conversion to Malonyl CoA (MalCoA) and palmitate. Together, these data indicate that in HFD fed obese mice, hepatic DNL is not limited by its immediate substrates AcCoA or MalCoA, but rather by activities of DNL enzymes.
HLA class II upregulation during viral infection leads to HLA-DP–directed graft-versus-host disease after CD4+ donor lymphocyte infusion (2013)

CD8+ T cell-depleted (TCD) donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) after TCD allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) has been associated with a reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) while preserving conversion to donor hematopoiesis and antitumor immunity, providing a rationale for exploring CD4+ T cell-based immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Here, we analyzed the clinical course and specificity of T cell immune responses in 2 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who converted to full-donor chimerism but developed severe acute GVHD after prophylactic CD4+ DLI after 10/10-HLA-matched, but HLA-DPB1-mismatched TCD-alloSCT. Clonal analysis of activated T cells isolated during GVHD demonstrated allo-reactivity exerted by CD4+ T cells directed against patient-mismatched HLA-DPB1 molecules on hematopoietic cells and skin-derived fibroblasts only when cultured under inflammatory conditions. At the time of CD4+ DLI, both patients contained residual patient-derived T cells, including cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells as a result of CMV reactivations. Once activated by CMV antigens, these CMV-specific T cells could stimulate HLA-DPB1-specific CD4+ T cells, which in turn could target nonhematopoietic tissues in GVHD. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that GVHD after HLA-DPB1-mismatched CD4+ DLI can be mediated by allo-reactive HLA-DPB1-directed CD4+ T cells and that ongoing viral infections inducing HLA class II expression on nonhematopoietic cells may increase the likelihood of GVHD development. This trial is registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN51398568/LUMC as #51398568.
Statistical Analysis of the Multiple Scattering Radio Channel (2006)

The concept of multiple scattering radio propagation channels-in contrast to the conventional single (Rayleigh) scattering-has been proposed and found to be a fitting model in certain propagation scenarios. Except for some special cases, expressions for the amplitude distribution of such channels are unknown. In this paper, we derive distribution functions for the amplitude of the general multiple scattering radio channel. Rice, Rayleigh, and double-Rayleigh distributions are special cases of the general result. We also derive a computationally simple moment-based estimator for the parameters of the distribution. In addition to the measurement analysis of multiple scattering propagation channels, our results can also be applied in the performance evaluation of communication schemes over such media
US-Cut: interactive algorithm for rapid detection and segmentation of liver tumors in ultrasound acquisitions (2016)

Ultrasound (US) is the most commonly used liver imaging modality worldwide. It plays an important role in follow-up of cancer patients with liver metastases. We present an interactive segmentation approach for liver tumors in US acquisitions. Due to the low image quality and the low contrast between the tumors and the surrounding tissue in US images, the segmentation is very challenging. Thus, the clinical practice still relies on manual measurement and outlining of the tumors in the US images. We target this problem by applying an interactive segmentation algorithm to the US data, allowing the user to get real-time feedback of the segmentation results. The algorithm has been developed and tested hand-in-hand by physicians and computer scientists to make sure a future practical usage in a clinical setting is feasible. To cover typical acquisitions from the clinical routine, the approach has been evaluated with dozens of datasets where the tumors are hyperechoic (brighter), hypoechoic (darker) or isoechoic (similar) in comparison to the surrounding liver tissue. Due to the interactive real-time behavior of the approach, it was possible even in difficult cases to find satisfying segmentations of the tumors within seconds and without parameter settings, and the average tumor deviation was only 1.4mm compared with manual measurements. However, the long term goal is to ease the volumetric acquisition of liver tumors in order to evaluate for treatment response. Additional aim is the registration of intraoperative US images via the interactive segmentations to the patient's pre-interventional CT acquisitions.
Wave separation and signal isolation via line-scan supersonic acoustic holography. (2010)

Pressure signals scattered from a target and received by a line array can be buried in noise having similar frequency content, such as reflections from nearby interfaces or objects adjacent to the target. In such circumstances, it may be difficult to isolate the desired signal through the use of standard linear time-invariant filtering techniques, because the frequency content of the signal and noise are identical. Supersonic line-scan holography, however, can be used in many such circumstances to achieve signal isolation by backpropagating the acoustic signal to a focal region, spatially and temporally filtering the signal around the focal region, and forward-propagating the isolated signal to the original array location. This technique was used to measure the bistatic angular scattering pattern of a small target driven at resonance. This was done in a water tank using a hydrophone scanned along a line. A demonstration of how this method was used to isolate the signal from larger, overlapping reflections will be given. The method was also applied to backscattering measured with a scanned transducer and fixed proud cylinder resting on sediment. [Work supported by ONR.]
GHz Laser-free Time-resolved Transmission Electron Microscopy: a Stroboscopic High-duty-cycle Method (2015)

A device and a method for producing ultrashort electron pulses with GHz repetition rates via pulsing an input direct current (dc) electron beam are provided. The device and the method are based on an electromagnetic-mechanical pulser (EMMP) that consists of a series of transverse deflecting cavities and magnetic quadrupoles. The EMMP modulates and chops the incoming dc electron beam and converts it into pico- and sub-pico-second (100 fs to 10 ps) electron pulse sequences at &gt;1 GHz repetition rates. Applying the EMMP to a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with any dc electron source, a GHz stroboscopic high-duty-cycle TEM can be realized. Unlike in many recent developments in time-resolved TEM that rely on a sample pumping laser paired with a laser launching electrons from a photocathode to probe the sample, there is no laser in the presented experimental set-up. This is expected to be a significant relief for electron microscopists who are not familiar with laser systems. The EMMP and the sample are externally driven by a radiofrequency (RF) source synchronized through a delay line. With no laser pumping the sample, the problem of the laser induced residual heating/damaging the sample is eliminated. As many RF-driven processes can be cycled indefinitely, sampling rates of 1-50 GHz become accessible. Such a GHz stroboscopic TEM would open up a new paradigm for in situ and in operando experiments to study samples externally driven electromagnetically. Complementary to the lower (MHz) repetition rates experiments enabled by laser photocathode TEM, new experiments in the high rep-rate multi-GHz regime will be enabled by the proposed RF design. In this article, we report an optimal design of the EMMP and an analytical generalized matrix approach in the thin lens approximation, along with detailed beam dynamics taking actual realistic dc beam parameters in a TEM operating at 200 keV.
Degree of Glutathione Deficiency and Redox Imbalance Depend on Subtype of Mitochondrial Disease and Clinical Status (2014)

Mitochondrial disorders are associated with decreased energy production and redox imbalance. Glutathione plays a central role in redox signaling and protecting cells from oxidative damage. In order to understand the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction on in vivo redox status, and to determine how this varies by mitochondrial disease subtype and clinical severity, we used a sensitive tandem mass spectrometry assay to precisely quantify whole blood reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels in a large cohort of mitochondrial disorder patients. Glutathione redox potential was calculated using the Nernst equation. Compared to healthy controls (n = 59), mitochondrial disease patients (n = 58) as a group showed significant redox imbalance (redox potential -251 mV ± 9.7, p<0.0001) with an increased level of oxidation by ∼ 9 mV compared to controls (-260 mV ± 6.4). Underlying this abnormality were significantly lower whole blood GSH levels (p = 0.0008) and GSH/GSSG ratio (p = 0.0002), and significantly higher GSSG levels (p<0.0001) in mitochondrial disease patients compared to controls. Redox potential was significantly more oxidized in all mitochondrial disease subgroups including Leigh syndrome (n = 15), electron transport chain abnormalities (n = 10), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (n = 8), mtDNA deletion syndrome (n = 7), mtDNA depletion syndrome (n = 7), and miscellaneous other mitochondrial disorders (n = 11). Patients hospitalized in metabolic crisis (n = 7) showed the greatest degree of redox imbalance at -242 mV ± 7. Peripheral whole blood GSH and GSSG levels are promising biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction, and may give insights into the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathophysiology of the various mitochondrial disorders. In particular, evaluation of redox potential may be useful in monitoring of clinical status or response to redox-modulating therapies in clinical trials.
Effects of Helicity and System Rotation on Decaying Homogeneous Turbulence. (2001)

To consider the nonreflection property of the turbulence statistics in a rotating system, a new method has been proposed to introduce turbulence helicity into an isotropic turbulent field for direct numerical simulation (DNS). Effects of the helicity and the rotation on turbulence statistics and vortex structure are investigated by theoretical analysis and DNS of the homogeneous decaying turbulence. Although DNS results show that both rotation and the helicity inhibit energy decay, theoretical analysis reveals the occurrence of very different mechanisms for the rotation and the helicity for producing the inhibition effect. The helicity directly decreases the energy transfer while the rotation suppresses the energy transfer due to the so-called scrambling effect. The other effect of system rotation is that rotation elongates the vortex structure along the rotation axis, however, the presence of the helicity appears to weaken this tendency.
Reliable Packet Detection for Random Access Networks: Analysis, Benchmark, and Optimization (2023)

This paper reexamines and fundamentally improves the Schmidl-and-Cox (S&amp;C) algorithm, which is extensively used for packet detection in wireless networks, and enhances its adaptability for multi-antenna receivers. First, we introduce a new "compensated autocorrelation" metric, providing a more analytically tractable solution with precise expressions for false-alarm and missed-detection probabilities. Second, this paper proposes the Pareto comparison principle for fair benchmarking packet-detection algorithms, considering both false alarms and missed detections simultaneously. Third, with the Pareto benchmarking scheme, we experimentally confirm that the performance of S&amp;C can be greatly improved by taking only the real part and discarding the imaginary part of the autocorrelation, leading to the novel real-part S&amp;C (RP-S&amp;C) scheme. Fourth, and perhaps most importantly, we utilize the compensated autocorrelation metric we newly put forth to extend the single-antenna algorithm to multi-antenna scenarios through a weighted-sum approach. Two optimization problems, minimizing false-alarm and missed-detection probabilities respectively, are formulated and solutions are provided. Our experimental results reveal that the optimal weights for false alarms (WFA) scheme is more desirable than the optimal weights for missed detections (WMD) due to its simplicity, reliability, and superior performance. This study holds considerable implications for the design and deployment of packet-detection schemes in random-access networks.
Behaviour of Nematic Liquid Crystals in Inhomogeneous Electric Fields (1979)

Abstract The behaviour of homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystal layers in inhomogeneous electric fields has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. The variation of the phase retardation of monochromatic light along nematic liquid crystal layer at the edges of a cell electrode has been obtained. Anisotropic character of the resolution of liquid crystal devices is shown.
A comperative study of ground probing radar and impact echo nodestructive techniques for detecting and locating buried objects (1994)

The comparison of two nondestructive testing methods for detecting flaws and locating buried objects in concrete is the focus of this paper. Applications of Ground Probing Radar (GPR) and Impact Echo (IE) techniques are examined. In addition, this investigation shows thatwhen GPR and IE are used in tandem, extensive information about the integrity of concrete can be obtained in a short period of time. GPR is an electromagnetic reflection technique utilizing nonionized microwaves whereas IE makes use of transient stress wave reflections. Although both techniques are based on wave reflection, the nature of the information carried in the reflection signals from GPR and IE is different and complimentary when combined together. In this study, a large concrete slab was prepared with various types of objects such as rebars, metal and plexiglass plates, rocks and thin plastic sheets simulating cracks placed in it. It is shown that GPR can be used to detect flaws and buried objects rapidly while IE can locate flaws and buried objects accurately and provide reliable data on the mechanical properties of concrete. The combined use of Ground Probing Radar and Impact Echo techniques is an effective tool for concrete monitoring and quality control.
Integrated Control of Multiple Data Centre Cooling Units (2020)

Energy management is one of the biggest challenges in today's fast growing world of technology. While data centres play a critical role as a facility for storage and IT operations, they also consume a significant amount of energy to operate, especially for cooling. Efficient cooling of data centres involves meeting temperature constraints while minimizing power consumption. We first demonstrate the applicability of a zonal model for a modular data centre. We then leverage this zonal model to demonstrate that a joint workload assignment and cooling control problem has a simple solution: equally load the servers and maximize the setpoints of the cooling units to meet redline temperature constraints.
Role of reaction kinetics and mass transport in glucose sensing with nanopillar array electrodes (2007)

The use of nanopillar array electrodes (NAEs) for biosensor applications was explored using a combined experimental and simulation approach to characterize the role of reaction kinetics and mass transport in glucose detection with NAEs. Thin gold electrodes with arrays of vertically standing gold nanopillars were fabricated and their amperometric current responses were measured under bare and functionalized conditions. Results show that the sensing performances of both the bare and functionalized NAEs were affected not only by the presence and variation of the nanoscale structures on the electrodes but also by the reaction kinetics and mass transport of the analyte species involved. These results will shed new light for enhancing the performance of nanostructure based biosensors.
Economic evaluation for the technical performances of the building shell components: doors and windows (2008)

Soundproofing and heat insulation of a building façade depend on the performances of each element, which forms it. Glass surfaces, which could be considered the “weak” elements of a façade, have to be studied with attention in order to avoid more heat dispersions, thermal and acoustical bridges.&#13;\nThe Italian Decree DLgs of 2005 August 19th n° 192 “Accomplishment of the Directive 2002/91/Ce about the energetic output in building” with Enclosure C fixes the thermal transmittance values of the transparent locks, determined on the bases of the Climatic Area.&#13;\nRegarding the acoustical performances, the DPCM of 1997/12/05, “Determination of the passive acoustical requirements of the buildings” defines the evaluation indexes measured in situ following the ISO 140 and ISO 717 standards, which refer the evaluation index of the façade to the reverberation time (D2m,nt,w), which is influenced by the presence of doors and windows.&#13;\nThe aim of this work is the study of the thermal and acoustic performances of doors and windows, considering a real case of a terraced building. The study is carried out analysing the total performances of four door and window typologies, according to the 2000 UNI EN 12207 and the 2005 UNI 11173.&#13;\nFinally, the evaluation of energetic costs is presented.
Vinyl-Carbanionen; 22<sup>1</sup>; Direkte<i>C</i>-Lithiierung von α-Methoxyacrylsäure und ihren Derivaten (1985)

Lithiation par le t-butyl-lithium dans le THF de l'acide methoxy-2 acrylique et de ses isopropyl- et cyclohexylamides. Etude de la substitution par des electrophiles des produits lithies obtenus
Fault Analysis and Parameter Identification of Permanent-Magnet Motors by the Finite-Element Method (2009)

We performed a time-stepping finite-element-method (FEM) analysis to study a rotor surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous machine with insulation failure inter-turn fault. We used FEM for magnetic field study and determining the machine parameters under various fault conditions. We studied the effect of machine pole number and number of faulted turns on machine parameters. Finally, we used the FEM machine model for studying permanent-magnet machine behavior under different fault conditions.
Fabrication of Spatially Periodic Double Roughness Structures by Directional Viscous Fingering and Spinodal Dewetting for Water-Repellent Surfaces (2008)

Water-repellent and self-cleaning properties of lotus leaves are considered to be due to its double roughness structure, protrusion structure (approximately 20 microm) and hairy structure (0.2-1.0 microm). In this study, attempts to fabricate a spatially periodic double roughness structure by two far-from-equilibrium self-organization phenomena, a directional viscous fingering and a spinodal dewetting, were made. A mixture of an octylsilyl titanium dioxide particle having an average diameter of 35 nm suspended in volatile silicone, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, and octyl p-methoxycinnamate was spread on a glass plate by dragging an applicator across the top. Formation of a stripe pattern parallel to the direction of dragging, called directional viscous fingering, was sometimes observed. Influences of spreading conditions on the pattern formation were analyzed. In addition, attempts were made to apply the stripe pattern formation to the preparation of a water repellent surface. We have succeeded in preparing a highly water-repellent surface by immersing a glass plate, on which a spatially periodic stripe pattern having a characteristic wavelength of 200-700 microm was formed, in water, after the completion of evaporation of decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane. In this case, dewetting patterns having a characteristic wavelength at around 5 microm were formed at the bottom part of the stripe patterns. Neither the surface on which only the mesoscopic spatially periodic stripe pattern was formed nor the one on which only the microscopic dewetting pattern was formed showed high water-repellent properties, indicating that the coexistence of the two different scales of patterns increased the water-repellent properties of the hydrophobic surface.