gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
c-kit Is Required for Cardiomyocyte Terminal Differentiation (2008)

c-kit, the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for stem cell factor, is required for melanocyte and mast cell development, hematopoiesis, and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. We show here that in the heart, c-kit is expressed not only by cardiac stem cells but also by cardiomyocytes, commencing immediately after birth and terminating a few days later, coincident with the onset of cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation. To examine the function of c-kit in cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation, we used compound heterozygous mice carrying the W (null) and W(v) (dominant negative) mutations of c-kit. In vivo, adult W/W(v) cardiomyocytes are phenotypically indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts. After acute pressure overload adult W/W(v) cardiomyocytes reenter the cell cycle and proliferate, leading to left ventricular growth; furthermore in transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of the dominant negative W(v) mutant, pressure overload causes cardiomyocytes to reenter the cell cycle. In contrast, in wild-type mice left ventricular growth after pressure overload results mainly from cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Importantly, W/W(v) mice with pressure overload-induced cardiomyocyte hyperplasia had improved left ventricular function and survival. In W/W(v) mice, c-kit dysfunction also resulted in an approximately 14-fold decrease (P<0.01) in the number of c-kit(+)/GATA4(+) cardiac progenitors. These findings identify novel functions for c-kit: promotion of cardiac stem cell differentiation and regulation of cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation.
Catalytic production of hydrogen from glucose and other carbohydrates under exceptionally mild reaction conditions (2010)

A catalytic reaction system for the production of hydrogen from sugars and even water-insoluble biomass like cellulose is presented. The reaction system is based on an ionic liquid that has the role to dissolve the carbohydrate feedstock and a ruthenium catalyst. As hydrogen dissolves in this media at very low level, hydrogen consuming side reactions have been hindered, leading to a gaseous product mixture consisting mainly of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Investigations with isotopic labelling suggest a reaction sequence in which glucose first thermally decomposes to formic acid followed by Ru-catalyzed decomposition of the latter to hydrogen and CO2.
Minimization of Temperature Effects of High-Birefringent Elliptical Fibers for Polarmetric Optical-Fiber Sensors (1994)

The temperature dependence of polarization-maintaining fibers is a problem in polarimetric optical-fiber sensors. We report a novel method for making a temperature-insensitive, polarization-maintaining fiber, which may be used for the sensing part in a polarimetric strain sensor. The fiber has a double-clad elliptical core with built-in stresses in the core and cladding regions. To minimize the temperature sensitivity, the built-in stresses are balanced with the refractive-index differences and the core ellipticity properly chosen. The temperature and strain sensitivities of the fiber are calculated. A practical design and some potential applications of such a temperature-insensitive fiber with a high strain sensitivity are presented.
Genetic determinants of pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Maputo, Mozambique (2015)

This study revealed the complexity of the etiology of diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli in Mozambique, and the risk of the emergence of new pathogenic variants due to the horizontal transmission of pathogenicity factors.
Identification of the intracellular control of the cardiac force-length relationship: Analysis of the hystereses in the force-length plane. (2003)

Revealing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the cardiac muscle force-length relation is of immense importance for the understanding the normal and failing heart functions. Our model of the intracellular control of contraction includes two feedback loops: 1. The cooperativity (positive feedback) mechanisms, whereby the number of force generating cross-bridges (XBs) affects the rate of new XB recruitment. 2. The mechanical feedback, whereby the sarcomere velocity determines the time over which the XBs are at the strong state. The study aims to verify the ability of the model to explain the experimentally observed hystereses in the force-length relations (at constant activation) and to determine the role of each feedback loop. The force response to large (>4%) sarcomere length (SL) oscillation lags the length changes at low frequencies (<4Hz), leading to a counter-clock wise hysteresis. At high frequencies (>4Hz) the force precedes the SL oscillation and clockwise hysteresis appears. The model of the sarcomere, that couples calcium kinetics with XB dynamics, was built on Simulink. The force responses to SL oscillations were simulated at constant calcium concentration (activation). When the mechanical feedback is opened and only the cooperativity feedback exists, the force lags the SL. Opening the cooperativity mechanism and leaving only the mechanical feedback yields the opposite phenomenon and the force precedes the SL. The cooperativity dominates at low frequencies, when both feedbacks exist, while the mechanical feedback dominates at higher frequencies, in accordance with the experimental observations. The study emphasizes the role of each feedback.
Analysis of Quality of the Petroleum Fuels (2003)

In this work, analytical methods are developed to predict three basic characteristics that quantify the quality of petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and jet fuels. Simple equations have been proposed for the calculations of octane numbers, aniline points, and smoke points of petroleum fuels. Minimum input data for these equations are boiling point and specific gravity; however, when the composition of the mixture in addition to the boiling point is known, better, results can be obtained. Average deviations of about 4−7 for the octane number, 2.5 °C for aniline point, and 2 mm for smoke point were observed when evaluated with a wide range of data sets with fuels from around the world.
Neoteric Oxidizing Agent for Chamois Process (2019)

Auto oxidation of oil is a moderate free radical chain reaction, started by homolytic fission of allylic hydrogen, which is a very receptive site in unsaturated hydrocarbon. This procedure converts unsaturated oil to oxygenated compounds, for example, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides etc. When these secondary oxidized products, specially aldehydes, reacts with amino acids of collagen, they stabilize the skin. Stabilization of collagen with oil is well known as chamois leather processing. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to decrease the span of chamois leather process and comprehend the procedure of oil tanning utilizing benzoyl per oxide as an oxidizing agent. It is plausible that the generation of unsaturated aldehydes has been upgraded by the utilization of oxidizing agent, which thus decreased the tanning time from 15 to 4 days. The experimental chamois leather had high water absorption (higher by 26%) than the control oil tanned leather. Further, physical strength properties, for example, tensile, tear and percentage elongation of chamois leather were seen to be comparable to control leathers. Organoleptic properties, for example, color, softness and odor of chamois leathers were enhanced compared with control leather. This study opens another path in the search of new oxidizing agents as a catalyst to decrease the duration of chamois leather making.
Performance analysis for SIP based VoIP services over airborne tactical networks (2010)

In recent years the Department of Defense has aggressively invested in development of an Internet Protocol (IP) based network that interconnects mobile air platforms and ultimately will also connect to the Global Information Grid (GIG) as part of its Net-Centric Warfare initiatives. One of the major visions for the IP based networks is to support interoperable voice communication amongst heterogeneous airborne platforms using Voice over IP (VoIP) technology. In this study, we investigate the performance of the ubiquitous Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), a signaling protocol used by VoIP, in the context of the high loss, high latency, bandwidth constrained Airborne Network environments, and perform an in-depth analysis on various deployment scenarios for SIP-based VoIP services using OPNET System in the Loop (SITL) capability.
Multidimensional capillary electrophoresis (2014)

Multidimensional separation where two or more orthogonal displacement mechanisms are combined is a promising approach to increase peak capacity in CE. The combinations allow dramatic improvement of analytical performance since the total peak capacity is given by a product of the peak capacities of all methods. The initial reports were concentrated on the construction of effective connections between capillaries for 2D analysis. Today, 2D and 3D CE systems are now able to separate real complex biological or environmental mixtures with good repeatability, improved resolution with minimal loss of sample. This review will present the developments in the field of multidimensional CE during the last 15 years. The endeavors in this specific field were on the development of interfaces, interface-free techniques including integrated separations, microdevices, and on-line sample concentration techniques to improve detection sensitivity.
Constraint satisfaction, databases, and logic (2003)

Constraint satisfaction problems constitute a broad class of algorithmic problems that are ubiquitous in several differ­ ent areas of artificial intelligence and computer science. In their full generality, constraint satisfaction problems are NP-complete and, thus, presumed to be algorithmically in­ tractable. To cope with the intractability of these prob­ lems, researchers have devoted considerable research efforts to both the design of heuristic algorithms for constraint sat­ isfaction and the pursuit of islands of tractability, that is, special cases of constraint satisfaction problems for which polynomial-time algorithms exist. During the past decade, the pursuit of islands of tractability of constraint satisfaction has been intensified and has led to a number of discoveries that have also unveiled tight connections between constraint satisfaction, database theory, logic, and universal algebra. Our goal in this paper is to present an overview of the current state of affairs in the study of the computational complexity of constraint satisfaction with emphasis on the connections of this area of research with database theory and logic. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 contains the precise definition of the C O N STRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEM and its reformulation as the H O M O M O R P H I S M P R O B L E M ; Section 3 contains some of the connections between constraint satisfaction problems and database theory; the remaining Sections 4, 5, and 6 contain a high-level account of some of the main results about the computational complexity of constraint satisfaction and the pursuit of tractable cases of this problem.
Evidence that human Chlamydia pneumoniae was zoonotically acquired. (2009)

Zoonotic infections are a growing threat to global health. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that is widespread in human populations, causing acute respiratory disease, and has been associated with chronic disease. C. pneumoniae was first identified solely in human populations; however, its host range now includes other mammals, marsupials, amphibians, and reptiles. Australian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are widely infected with two species of Chlamydia, C. pecorum and C. pneumoniae. Transmission of C. pneumoniae between animals and humans has not been reported; however, two other chlamydial species, C. psittaci and C. abortus, are known zoonotic pathogens. We have sequenced the 1,241,024-bp chromosome and a 7.5-kb cryptic chlamydial plasmid of the koala strain of C. pneumoniae (LPCoLN) using the whole-genome shotgun method. Comparative genomic analysis, including pseudogene and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distribution, and phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes and SNPs against the human isolates of C. pneumoniae show that the LPCoLN isolate is basal to human isolates. Thus, we propose based on compelling genomic and phylogenetic evidence that humans were originally infected zoonotically by an animal isolate(s) of C. pneumoniae which adapted to humans primarily through the processes of gene decay and plasmid loss, to the point where the animal reservoir is no longer required for transmission.
A Toolbox for Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning (VRFT) (2019)

The Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning (VRFT) is a direct data-driven method for controller design. In this paper, we present a MATLAB toolbox that implements the most important procedures of VRFT. The Toolbox is freely available online. The main VRFT procedures are described in this paper from a user-oriented point of view, and are illustrated on some numerical examples with a linear and a nonlinear plant. The tuning of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller will serve as a running example throughout the paper.
Fast Multispecies Gas Monitoring Based on a Single Modulated Grating Y-branch Diode Laser Operating Between 1529 nm and 1565 nm (2010)

A multispecies sensor based on one single modulated grating Y-branch diode laser is presented. Sequential scanning of three gases with absorption lines separated 30 nm in less than 20 ms is demonstrated.
nMARQ Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Results from a Multicenter Study (2015)

AF ablation with nMARQ is associated with short procedure times and high acute success rates. Further research is necessary to more clearly define long-term outcome.
Cotunneling Model for Current-Induced Events in Molecular Wires (2008)

Many phenomena in molecular transport junctions involve transitions between electronic states of the molecular wire, and, therefore, cannot be described adequately using the Landauer picture. We present a model for cotunneling processes in molecular wires. These are coherent second-order processes that can be observed at low temperatures. As an example, we consider the STM-induced dissociation of acetylene. The large voltage threshold for dissociation observed experimentally is naturally accounted for within the cotunneling model.
A Novel Approach to Developing Biomimetic (“Nacre‐Like”) Metal‐Compliant‐Phase (Nickel–Alumina) Ceramics through Coextrusion (2016)

Bioinspired "brick-and-mortar" alumina ceramics containing a nickel compliant phase are synthesized by coextrusion of alumina and nickel oxide. Results show that these structures are coarser yet exhibit exceptional resistance-curve behavior with a fracture toughness three or more times higher than that of alumina, consistent with significant extrinsic toughening, from crack bridging and "brick" pull-out, in the image of natural nacre.
Fundamental Evaluation of Data Clustering Approaches for Driving Cycle-Based Machine Design Optimization (2019)

This article presents a fundamental evaluation of different clustering methods for analyzing driving cycles toward the efficient design of electric machines. It uses clusters of operating points to identify representative points (RPs) and the related optimization weights to design electric machines with optimal efficiency in the specific operating range. Typically, the design optimization of machines is carried out for one or a few speed-torque points. This article shows that for a predictable driving cycle or a specific set of operating points on the torque-speed plot, cluster analysis can be used to determine the representative operating points, which can be utilized in the optimization process to improve the overall efficiency for the considered driving cycle or operation profile. Furthermore, if multiphysics design is considered, the machine performance metrics can be guaranteed in multiple domains. This article presents a review of data clustering methods and their application in machine design optimization, where the pros and cons of the methods are weighed up. Further, X-Means method is proposed as an automated approach for cluster analysis and identification of RPs. In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study is carried out for the electromagnetic design of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine for the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) driving cycle.
Study on Mixture Formation and Ignition Process in Spark Ignition Engine Using Optical Combustion Sensor (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Mixture formation and the ignition process in 4 cycle 4 cylinder spark ignition engines were investigated, using an optical combustion sensor that combines fiber optics with a conventional spark plug. The sensor consists of a 1-mm diameter quartz glass optical fiber cable inserted through the center of a spark plug. The tip of the fiber is machined into a convex shape to provide a 120-degree view of the combustion chamber interior.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Light emitted by the spark discharge between spark electrodes and the combustion flames in the cylinder is transmitted by the optical cable to an opto-electric transducer. As a result, the ignition and combustion process which depends on the mixture formation can be easily monitored without installing transparent pistons and cylinders. This sensor can give more accurate information on mixture formation in the cylinders. It can monitor cycle-by-cycle, the air-fuel ratio of the mixture near the spark plug by detecting the light intensity of CH and C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; radicals appearing after the spark discharge. Also, it can provide information on fuel film or droplets in the cylinder which cause a diffusion flame, by detecting the light intensity at long wavelengths. This sensor can directly detect cycle-by-cycle, the intensity of a spark discharge by monitoring light emitted by the spark discharge, which precedes combustion flames. The combustion process can be throughly monitored from spark discharge to the end of combustion.&lt;/div&gt;
Monotone deep Boltzmann machines (2023)

Deep Boltzmann machines (DBMs), one of the first ``deep'' learning methods ever studied, are multi-layered probabilistic models governed by a pairwise energy function that describes the likelihood of all variables/nodes in the network. In practice, DBMs are often constrained, i.e., via the \emph{restricted} Boltzmann machine (RBM) architecture (which does not permit intra-layer connections), in order to allow for more efficient inference. In this work, we revisit the generic DBM approach, and ask the question: are there other possible restrictions to their design that would enable efficient (approximate) inference? In particular, we develop a new class of restricted model, the monotone DBM, which allows for arbitrary self-connection in each layer, but restricts the \emph{weights} in a manner that guarantees the existence and global uniqueness of a mean-field fixed point. To do this, we leverage tools from the recently-proposed monotone Deep Equilibrium model and show that a particular choice of activation results in a fixed-point iteration that gives a variational mean-field solution. While this approach is still largely conceptual, it is the first architecture that allows for efficient approximate inference in fully-general weight structures for DBMs. We apply this approach to simple deep convolutional Boltzmann architectures and demonstrate that it allows for tasks such as the joint completion and classification of images, within a single deep probabilistic setting, while avoiding the pitfalls of mean-field inference in traditional RBMs.
Radiation Grafted and Sulfonated (FEP-g-Polystyrene) - An Alternative to Perfluorinated Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells? (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Proton Exchange Membranes for fuel cell applications were synthesized by radiation grafting of styrene on FEP (Fluoro-Ethylene-Propylene) and subsequent sulfonation of the films.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Grafting in film form overcomes the problem of shaping the polymer in a thin foil and makes this process a potentially &lt;i&gt;cheap and easy technique&lt;/i&gt; for the preparation of solid polymer fuel cell electrolytes.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The properties of the synthesized membranes can be tailored by varying the degree of grafting and crosslinking. Specific resistance of membranes as low as 3.2 Ωcm at 20 °C and thicknesses of less than 100 μm (swollen) could be achieved. The performance of these membranes was tested in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fuel cells. With selected membranes a polarization characteristic close to Nafion 117 was measured. Long time testing proved steady performance for high grafted membranes over periods of more than 300 hours at a cell temperature of 60 °C. Low grafted membranes and the commercial membrane (Morgane CDS) showed considerable decay of cell power on the same time scale. At a cell temperature of 80 °C all membranes suffered from a fast degradation.&lt;/div&gt;
Abstract 1633: RhoA and Rho Kinase Activation in Human Pulmonary Hypertension - Role of 5-HT Signaling (2008)

Background- The complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) involves constriction, remodeling, and in situ thrombosis of pulmonary vessels. Both serotonin (5-HT) and Rho kinase signaling may contribute to these alterations. Here, we investigated possible links between the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) and RhoA/Rho kinase pathways, as well as their involvement in the progression of human and experimental PH. Methods and Results- Lungs, platelets, and quiescent cultured pulmonary-artery smooth-muscle cells (PA-SMCs) from patients with idiopathic PH (iPH) were characterized by marked elevations in RhoA and Rho kinase activity and by a strong increase in serotonin binding to RhoA, compared to controls. The 5-HTT inhibitor fluoxetine and the type 2 transglutaminase inhibitor monodansylcadaverin prevented 5-HT-induced RhoA serotonylation and RhoA/Rho kinase activation, as well as 5-HT-induced proliferation of PA-SMCs from iPH patients, that was also inhibited by the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil. Increased Rho kinase activity, RhoA activation, and RhoA serotonylation were also observed in lungs from SM22–5-HTT+ mice, which overexpress 5-HTT in smooth muscle and spontaneously develop PH. Treatment of SM22–5-HTT+ mice with either fasudil or fluoxetine limited both PH progression and RhoA/Rho kinase activation. Conclusions- RhoA and Rho kinase activities are increased in iPH, as a result of transglutaminase-mediated transamidation of RhoA by 5-HT internalized via 5-HTT. Direct involvement of this pathway in 5-HT-mediated PA-SMC proliferation and platelet activation during PH progression identify RhoA/Rho kinase signaling as a promising target for new treatments against PH.
Active vibration control of a stiffened panel through application of negative capacitance shunts (2011)

Shunted piezoelectric patches form an effective control mechanism for reducing vibrations of a mechanical system. One type of shunt, a negative capacitance circuit, is capable of suppressing vibration amplitude over a broad frequency range. Most previous work has focused on control of simple test structures such as beams and plates. This work studies the performance of the negative capacitance shunt connected to piezoelectric patches attached to a stiffened aircraft panel. The placement of the piezoelectric transducers is determined using a simplified finite element model of one bay of the panel. The numerical predictions are compared to experimental results for spatial average vibration for a point force input. The amount of control for increasing number of patches is also investigated. These results give a more accurate representation of the achievable performance in real world application.