gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Up-Regulation of Antioxidant Proteins in the Plasma Proteome during Saturation Diving: Unique Coincidence under Hypobaric Hypoxia (2016)

Saturation diving (SD) is one of the safest techniques for tolerating hyperbaric conditions for long durations. However, the changes in the human plasma protein profile that occur during SD are unknown. To identify differential protein expression during or after SD, 65 blood samples from 15 healthy Japanese men trained in SD were analyzed by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. The expression of two proteins, one 32.4 kDa with an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.8 and the other 44.8 kDa with pI 4.0, were elevated during SD to 60, 100, and 200 meters sea water (msw). The expression of these proteins returned to pre-diving level when the SD training was completed. The two proteins were identified using in-gel digestion and mass spectrometric analysis; the 32.4 kDa protein was transthyretin and the 44.8 kDa protein was alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1. Oxidation was detected at methionine 13 of transthyretin and at methionine 129 of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 by tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, haptoglobin was up-regulated during the decompression phase of 200 msw. These plasma proteins up-regulated during SD have a common function as anti-oxidants. This suggests that by coordinating their biological effects, these proteins activate a defense mechanism to counteract the effects of hyperbaric-hyperoxic conditions during SD.
A Comprehensive Hepatitis C Viral Kinetic Model Explaining Cure (2010)

International audience
Detection of Cytomegalovirus DNA in Plasma as an Adjunct Diagnostic for Gastrointestinal Tract Disease in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients (2013)

Plasma CMV qPCR had good sensitivity and excellent specificity for CMV GI tract disease in kidney and liver transplant recipients. Its sensitivity was 100% in CMV D(+)/R(-) cases but 72.7% in CMV D(+)/R(+) cases. This variation in assay performance according to host serostatus may reflect differences in disease pathogenesis.
The application of NAVSTAR differential GPS in the civilian community (1981)

The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS), currently being developed by the DOD, is a space based navigation system that will provide the user with precise position, velocity, and time information on a 24 hour basis, in all weather conditions and at any point on the globe. The baseline GPS system will provide guaranteed high accuracy to only a limited number of users, mostly the military. The civilian community has to devise a variation of this system to allow for an assured, uninterrupted level of accuracy. Differential GPS provides such a capability. In connection with the conceived possibility of the use of GPS by an enemy, it is found to be necessary to implement a selective availability technical capability. Differential GPS provides an approach for the civilian community to have a guaranteed level of accuracy better than the 250 meters presently planned for GPS.
Clinical outcomes for <i>IDH1</i> mutant biliary tract cancer (BTC) treated with contemporary systemic therapy. (2023)

513 Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) play a key role in cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Conserved missense IDH1 mutations lead to an accumulation of the onco-metabolite 2-hydroxygluterate, which drives oncogenesis and inhibits cellular differentiation. Ivosidenib is now approved for IDH1 mutant BTC following the results of the phase III ClarIDHy trial. It remains unclear what are the long-term outcomes for patients (pts) with IDH1 mutant BTC treated with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of BTC pts who underwent prospective, clinical grade, next generation sequencing by MSK-IMPACT 341, 410, 468 or 505. The primary objective was to define the clinical outcomes of systemic treatment for those pts with IDH1 mutant BTC. Secondary objectives included description of co-occurring genomic alterations. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated from the start date of treatment to the date of progression or death. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of unresectable/metastatic disease. This study was approved by the MSKCC Institutional Review Board (NCT01775072). Results: 1124 pts with BTC underwent somatic genomic sequencing with MSK-IMPACT, 143 (12.7%) of which had IDH1 mutations. 78 (55%) were female and median age at diagnosis was 54 (range 32-94). Almost all were intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (139; 97%), with 2 (1.5%) gallbladder, and 2 (1.5%) perihilar. The most common co-occurring alterations were in ARID1A (33; 21.7%), PBRM1 (29;20.3%) and BAP1 (19;13.3%). Median TMB was 2.6 mut/Mb (0.8-68.5). 2 pts had microsatellite instability and 1 had a co-occurring IDH2 mutation. 112 (78%) had unresectable/metastatic disease at diagnosis. The median number of lines of therapy was 2 (0-9). With a median follow up time of 18.4 months (mos) (range 1.5 - 184.2), median OS was 23.8 mos (95% CI 20.4-29.1) for those with unresectable and metastatic disease. When only accounting for pts with distant metastatic disease, median OS was 20.7 mos (95% CI 17.6-28). In those who had first line platinum-based therapy (86/133, 65%), median PFS (mPFS) was 8.3 mos (95% CI 6.4-11.2). 49 (37%) pts were treated with an IDH1 inhibitor, with 46/49 (94%) receiving ivosidenib, 29/49 (59%) in the second line. mPFS for those treated with ivosidenib in second line was 4.6 mos (95% CI 3.6-10.0) vs. 2.6 mos (95% CI 1.8-6.7) for 5-fu based chemotherapy (p=0.032). There was no difference in OS for those treated with IDH1 inhibitors compared to those that were not (25.7 vs. 20.7 mos; p=0.5). 11 (8%) pts received immunotherapy-based treatments with a mPFS of 2.7 mos (95% CI 2.2-NR). Conclusions: Our retrospective data indicate that IDH1 mutant BTC appears to exhibit similar PFS to first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy compared to historic unselected populations with favorable outcomes to second line IDH1 inhibition.
Distributed cluster management techniques for unattended ground sensor networks (2005)

Smart Sensor Networks are becoming important target detection and tracking tools. The challenging problems in such networks include the sensor fusion, data management and communication schemes. This work discusses techniques used to distribute sensor management and multi-target tracking responsibilities across an ad hoc, self-healing cluster of sensor nodes. Although miniaturized computing resources possess the ability to host complex tracking and data fusion algorithms, there still exist inherent bandwidth constraints on the RF channel. Therefore, special attention is placed on the reduction of node-to-node communications within the cluster by minimizing unsolicited messaging, and distributing the sensor fusion and tracking tasks onto local portions of the network. Several challenging problems are addressed in this work including track initialization and conflict resolution, track ownership handling, and communication control optimization. Emphasis is also placed on increasing the overall robustness of the sensor cluster through independent decision capabilities on all sensor nodes. Track initiation is performed using collaborative sensing within a neighborhood of sensor nodes, allowing each node to independently determine if initial track ownership should be assumed. This autonomous track initiation prevents the formation of duplicate tracks while eliminating the need for a central “management” node to assign tracking responsibilities. Track update is performed as an ownership node requests sensor reports from neighboring nodes based on track error covariance and the neighboring nodes geo-positional location. Track ownership is periodically recomputed using propagated track states to determine which sensing node provides the desired coverage characteristics. High fidelity multi-target simulation results are presented, indicating the distribution of sensor management and tracking capabilities to not only reduce communication bandwidth consumption, but to also simplify multi-target tracking within the cluster.
Equilibrium Distribution of Permeants in Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Filled with Negatively Charged Polyelectrolyte:  The Influence of Ionic Strength and Solvent Polarity (2006)

The effects of ionic strength and solvent polarity on the equilibrium distribution of fluorescein (FL) and FITC-dextran between the interior of polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules filled with negatively charged strong polyelectrolyte and the bulk solution were systematically investigated. A negatively charged strong polyelectrolyte, poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), used for CaCO3 core fabrication, was entrapped inside the capsules. Due to the semipermeability of the capsule wall, a Donnan equilibrium between the inner solution within the capsules and the bulk solution was created. The equilibrium distribution of the negatively charged permeants was investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy as a function of ionic strength and solvent polarity. The equilibrium distribution of the negatively charged permeants could be tuned by increasing the bulk ionic strength to decrease the Donnan potential. Decreasing the solvent polarity also could enhance the permeation of FL, which induces a sudden increase of permeation when the ethanol volume fraction was higher than 0.7. This is mainly attributed to the precipitation of PSS. A theoretical model combining the Donnan equilibrium and Manning counterion condensation was employed to discuss the results.
Machine learning models using mobile game play accurately classify children with autism (2022)

Digitally-delivered healthcare is well suited to address current inequities in the delivery of care due to barriers of access to healthcare facilities. As the COVID-19 pandemic phases out, we have a unique opportunity to capitalize on the current familiarity with telemedicine approaches and continue to advocate for mainstream adoption of remote care delivery. In this paper, we specifically focus on the ability of GuessWhat? a smartphone-based charades-style gamified therapeutic intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to generate a signal that distinguishes children with ASD from neurotypical (NT) children. We demonstrate the feasibility of using "in-the-wild", naturalistic gameplay data to distinguish between ASD and NT by children by training a random forest classifier to discern the two classes (AU-ROC = 0.745, recall = 0.769). This performance demonstrates the potential for GuessWhat? to facilitate screening for ASD in historically difficult-to-reach communities. To further examine this potential, future work should expand the size of the training sample and interrogate differences in predictive ability by demographic.
A direct measurement of skull attenuation for quantitative SPECT (1993)

The attenuation of 140-keV photons is measured in three empty skulls by placing a /sup 99m/Tc line source inside each one and acquiring projection data. These projections are compared to projections of the line source alone in order to determine the transmission through each point in the skull surrounding the line source. The effective skull thickness is calculated for each point using an assumed dense bone attenuation coefficient. The relative attenuation for this thickness of bone is compared to that of an equivalent amount of soft tissue to evaluate the increased attenuation of photons in brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) relative to a uniform soft tissue approximation. For the skull regions surrounding most of the brain, the effective bone thickness varies considerably, but is generally less than 6 mm, resulting in a relative attenuation increase of less than 6%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Anisotropic oxide ion conduction in melilite intermediate temperature electrolytes (2014)

Melilite, a tetrahedral-layered structure, shows strong anisotropic oxygen ion conduction at intermediate temperatures, which can be controlled by increasing the number of interstitial oxygen and reducing the size of interlayer cations.
Thermoreversible gelation of syndiotactic polystyrene: Effect of solvent type (1997)

Abstract The temperature‐concentration phase diagrams of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS)/benzene gels and sPS/toluene gels establish the existence of two polymer‐solvent compounds in both systems. In particular it is found that the sto ichiometries of the compounds differ with the type of solvent: The stoichiometrics, expressed as solvent molecules/monomer are respectively for the benzene 4/1 and 1/1 and for the toluene 0.8/1 and 1/4. Neutron diffraction patterns allow us to confirm the existence of differents compounds in sPS/toluene gel and sPS/benzene gel.
The Sound of Pedagogical Questions (2021)

Questions are prevalent in everyday speech and they are often used to teach. When learners receive explicit cues that the intent of a question is pedagogical, they draw inferences that lead to superior learning. Although the ability to infer pedagogical intent is critical, very little is known about the mechanisms that support the inference that any particular statement is pedagogical or not. We tested the hypothesis that the prosody of speech marks the intent of pedagogical and information-seeking questions. In Studies 1 and 2, 256 naïve participants rated 100 pedagogical and information-seeking questions, spoken in child- or adult-directed speech. We found that naïve listeners can accurately infer pedagogical intent on the basis of prosody alone. In Study 3, we begin charting the acoustic features that differentiate pedagogical from information-seeking questions. These findings provide a window into the mechanisms that allow learners to infer pedagogical intent in otherwise ambiguous situations.
Hyperosmotic stress activates p65/RelB NFκB in cultured cardiomyocytes with dichotomic actions on caspase activation and cell death (2006)

NFkappaB is a participant in the process whereby cells adapt to stress. We have evaluated the activation of NFkappaB pathway by hyperosmotic stress in cultured cardiomyocytes and its role in the activation of caspase and cell death. Exposure of cultured rat cardiomyocytes to hyperosmotic conditions induced phosphorylation of IKKalpha/beta as well as degradation of IkappaBalpha. All five members of the NFkappaB family were identified in cardiomyocytes. Analysis of the subcellular distribution of NFkappaB isoforms in response to hyperosmotic stress showed parallel migration of p65 and RelB from the cytosol to the nucleus. Measurement of the binding of NFkappaB to the consensus DNA kappaB-site binding by EMSA revealed an oscillatory profile with maximum binding 1, 2 and 6h after initiation of the hyperosmotic stress. Supershift analysis revealed that p65 and RelB (but not p50, p52 or cRel) were involved in the binding of NFkappaB to DNA. Hyperosmotic stress also resulted in activation of the NFkappaB-lux reporter gene, transient activation of caspases 9 and 3 and phosphatidylserine externalization. The effect on cell viability was not prevented by ZVAD (a general caspase inhibitor). Blockade of NFkappaB with AdIkappaBalpha, an IkappaBalpha dominant negative overexpressing adenovirus, prevented activation of caspase 9 (more than that caspase 3) but did not affect cell death in hyperosmotically stressed cardiomyocytes. We conclude that hyperosmotic stress activates p65 and RelB NFkappaB isoforms and NFkappaB mediates caspase 9 activation in cardiomyocytes. However cell death triggered by hyperosmotic stress was caspase- and NFkappaB-independent.
Self-limiting deposition of aluminum oxide thin films by pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2008)

Self-limiting deposition of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) thin films was accomplished by pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using a continuous delivery of trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and O2. Film characterization included spectroscopic ellipsometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Deposition rates scaled with TMA exposure and could be controlled over a large range of 1–20Å∕pulse. For fixed conditions, digital control over film thickness is demonstrated. Deposition rates initially decreased with substrate temperature before becoming constant for Ts&amp;gt;100°C. Higher growth rates at low temperature are attributed to the thermal reaction between H2O, produced during the plasma on step, with TMA during the plasma off step. Gas-phase analysis confirms the coexistence of these species, and their degree of overlap is a strong function of the chamber wall temperature. With both the substrate and chamber wall temperature elevated, impurities related to carbon and hydroxyl groups are attenuated below the detection limit of FTIR.
Pyroelectric control of magnetization for tuning thermomagnetic energy conversion and magnetocaloric effect (2016)

Demonstration of pyroelectric control of magnetization in ferroelectric/magnetic/ferroelectric multi-layered nanostructures for tuning thermomagnetic energy conversion efficiency and magnetocaloric effect.
Prolonged Piezo1 Activation Induces Cardiac Arrhythmia (2023)

The rhythmical nature of the cardiovascular system constantly generates dynamic mechanical forces. At the centre of this system is the heart, which must detect these changes and adjust its performance accordingly. Mechanoelectric feedback provides a rapid mechanism for detecting even subtle changes in the mechanical environment and transducing these signals into electrical responses, which can adjust a variety of cardiac parameters such as heart rate and contractility. However, pathological conditions can disrupt this intricate mechanosensory system and manifest as potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Mechanosensitive ion channels are thought to be the main proponents of mechanoelectric feedback as they provide a rapid response to mechanical stimulation and can directly affect cardiac electrical activity. Here, we demonstrate that the mechanosensitive ion channel <i>PIEZO1</i> is expressed in zebrafish cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, chemically prolonging <i>PIEZO1</i> activation in zebrafish results in cardiac arrhythmias. indicating that this ion channel plays an important role in mechanoelectric feedback. This also raises the possibility that <i>PIEZO1</i> gain of function mutations could be linked to heritable cardiac arrhythmias in humans.
The International Normalized Ratio during Concurrent Warfarin and Argatroban Anticoagulation: Differential Contributions of Each Agent and Effects of the Choice of Thromboplastin Used (1999)

Oral anticoagulants such as warfarin induce depletion of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, causing prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) and the PT-International Normalized Ratio (INR). The available thromboplastins used for measuring the PT vary in their sensitivity to coagulation factor depletion, and each is assigned an International Sensitivity Index (ISI) that is used when calculating the INR. Traditional monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy using the INR is confounded during concurrent therapy with direct thrombin inhibitors, such as argatroban, that also prolong the INR (1)(2)(3). Although alternative monitoring methods have been suggested for use in this setting (2)(3), guidelines allowing for refined interpretation of the INR would also be useful. To facilitate the development of such guidelines, we have characterized in vitro the differential effects of warfarin and argatroban, as well as the choice of thromboplastin used, on the INR during anticoagulation with both agents.

For this study, plasma specimens were obtained from 10 healthy donors (laboratory personnel) and 35 patients on warfarin therapy, in accordance with policies of the institution’s responsible committee. Blood was collected into evacuated tubes (38 g/L sodium citrate), and plasma was prepared by the centrifugation of the blood within 30 min of collection. The only selection criterion for the patient group was that each was on warfarin therapy, and both inpatients and outpatients were included. In addition, four plasma pools (each prepared from at least 10 individuals) were obtained from Harris Laboratories. One plasma pool was from healthy donors, and three pools were from patients on warfarin therapy exhibiting generally similar levels of oral anticoagulation. Plasma specimens were stored at −30 °C for up to 2 weeks and thawed rapidly immediately before testing.

The PT of each individual or pooled plasma specimen was determined in the absence and presence of …
Piezoelectric Characteristics of PbZrO<sub>3</sub>-Based Ceramics around Ferroelectric Phase Transition Temperature (1991)

The ferroelectric-ferroelectric transition characteristics of rhombohedral x PbZrO 3 – y Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 – z PbTiO 3 ceramics are described. The temperature dependence of oscillation frequency of a surface acoustic wave delay line oscillator shows an abrupt change of about 2000 ppm/°C and thermal hysteresis around the transition temperature. The ceramics are highly sensitive to temperature variation and electric field. The composition exhibiting a desired transition in the temperature range of -10∼100 °C is possible. These piezoelectric characteristics are useful from the viewpoint of sensor technology.
&lt;title&gt;Image and animation cel coding using wedgelets and beamlets&lt;/title&gt; (2003)

Edges are one of the most perceptually important features in images that provide geometric information to views to distinguish objects in a scene. Wavelet based coding algorithms have been successful in image compression, but like classical cosine transform methods, they are unable to provide a good representation of 2D edges. Cel-based animation sequences, or cartoons, contain predominantly edge information. Although these types of images are relatively less complex than real-life images, the geometrical structures within the cel images challenge even the most complex wavelet-based coders. Wedgelets and beamlets are able to capture geometrical structures in images more efficiently than wavelets. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid image coder that utilises both wavelets and wedgelets to code cartoon images. Our prototype coder demonstrates significant improvements in visual quality of wedgelet/ beamlet coded cartoon images over standard wavelet-based coding techniques.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Melanoma: Controversy Despite Widespread Agreement (2001)

Although sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for melanoma has been adopted throughout the United States and abroad as a standard method of determining the pathologic status of the regional lymph nodes, some controversy still exists regarding the validity and utility of this procedure. SLN biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure, performed on an outpatient basis at the time of wide local excision of the melanoma, with little morbidity. Numerous studies have documented the accuracy of this procedure for identifying nodal metastases. There are four major reasons to perform SLN biopsy. First, SLN biopsy improves the accuracy of staging and provides valuable prognostic information for patients and physicians to guide subsequent treatment decisions. Second, SLN biopsy facilitates early therapeutic lymph node dissection for those patients with nodal metastases. Third, SLN biopsy identifies patients who are candidates for adjuvant therapy with interferon alfa-2b. Fourth, SLN biopsy identifies homogeneous patient populations for entry onto clinical trials of novel adjuvant therapy agents. Overall, the benefit of accurate nodal staging obtained by SLN biopsy far outweighs the risks and has important implications for patient management.