gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AUTONOMOUS LATERAL CONTROL OF A VEHICLE USING A LINEAR CCD CAMERA (1998)

In this paper, the authors present a robust technique for lateral vehicle guidance. The technique is based on the detection of light reflectors which are found on both sides of the road. A 1-D CCD camera and infrared flash are used to detect the markers. This technique has several advantages,including low costs, simplified image processing, and enhanced safety and visibility.
Utilizing biomarkers to forecast quantitative metabolite concentration profiles in human red blood cells (2017)

One of the major limitations in making experimental measurements of biological systems is the complexity of the network being investigated. Major efforts have been made to identify a subset of measurements (“biomarkers”) that can be used to provide information about the rest of the system. For red blood cells under cold storage conditions in a blood bank, a set of metabolite biomarkers have been identified that can reliably define the qualitative trend of cellular metabolism. Recently, it was shown that these biomarkers could also be used to train a model that quantitatively predicts the concentrations of other metabolites in the network over a 45 day time course. Here, we extend the utility of these methods by using a linear blackbox model to forecast future values of these concentrations. We show that 57 of the 70 metabolites measured in the red blood cell metabolic network (81%) can be accurately forecasted after 8 days of storage (5 time points) with a global median error of 18.36%. The ability to forecast metabolite profiles by only requiring a subset of measurements for the first few days of storage makes these methods immediately applicable in a clinical setting to assess the metabolic health of stored blood.
Efficient private bidding and auctions with an oblivious third party (1999)

We describe a novel and efficient protocol for the following problem: A wants to buy some good from B if the price is less than a. B would like to sell, but only for more than b, and neither of them wants to reveal the secret bounds. Will the deal take place? Our solution uses an oblivious third party T who learns no information about a or b, not even whether a > b. The protocol needs only a single round of interaction, ensures fairness, and is not based on general circuit evaluation techniques. It uses a novel construction, which combines homomorphic encryption with the φ-hiding assumption and which may be of independent interest. Applications include bargaining between two parties and secure and efficient auctions in the absence of a fully trusted auction service.
Biotin-streptavidin detection with a graphene-oxide supported radio-frequency resonator (2013)

The detection of biotin-streptavidin binding was demonstrated by the resonance frequency measurement of a simple resonance circuit using graphene oxide dielectric. The resonance frequency was decreased to the lower frequency range as biotin and streptavidin were bound to the graphene oxide film. Graphene oxide dielectric provides dual advantages including quality-factor enhancement and high affinity for bio sensing. It was revealed that an increase in capacitance of the graphene oxide sheet was mainly responsible for the resonance frequency shift. The sensitivity to the capacitance change in the frequency-based detection technique can enable the advanced biosensing applications using graphene oxide sheet.
Continuous Wavelength Tuning of Inter-Valence-Band Laser Oscillation in p-Type Germanium Over Range of 80-120 ?m (1993)

Wavelength tuning of inter-valence-band (IVB) laser oscillation in p-Ge is successfully carried out by incorporating a mechanically variable lamellar grating into the laser resonator. A wide tuning range (80-120 ?m), comparable to the whole spectral domain of IVB oscillation (shorter-wavelength domain), is achieved with fixed electric and magnetic fields at liquid helium temperatures. The best spectral purity of the oscillation lines reaches the limit of instrumental resolution (???0.5 ?m).
Studies in rodents with the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor vildagliptin to evaluate possible drug‐induced pancreatic histological changes that are predictive of pancreatitis and cancer development in man (2012)

Evaluation of vildagliptin in 2-year preclinical carcinogenicity studies in both rats and mice indicates that while vildagliptin results in pharmacological benefits to the endocrine pancreas, this was not associated with any evidence of pancreatitis, pancreatic islet cell, acinar cell or ductal neoplasia. These data predict no increased risk of pancreatic cancer in man.
Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma through the Snail/GSK-3/beta-catenin pathway (2020)

The inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling decreases Snail expression by enhancing the nuclear translocation of GSK-3β, which suppresses EMT in HCC cells, suggesting the potential clinical application of PI3K inhibitors for HCC treatment.
Hydrothermal synthesis of gallosilicate (MFI) zeolite: factors influencing crystallization kinetics and crystal size/growth (1998)

The kinetics of the hydrothermal synthesis of gallosilicate (MFI) zeolite (under autogeneous pressure at 180°C) from a gel containing a source of silica (Na-trisilicate or fumed silica), gallium nitrate, templating agent (TPA-Br or TPA-OH), deionized water and sulfuric acid have been thoroughly investigated in order to understand the influence of various synthesis parameters (viz. gel composition, source of silica, template, method of gel preparation and pH of gel) on the crystallization kinetics and crystal size/growth of the zeolite. The zeolite samples were characterized for their crystallinity by XRD and crystal size and morphology by SEM. The crystallization rate and crystal size of the zeolite were found to be strongly influenced by the above synthesis parameters. © 1998 SCI
Helix reactor: great potential for flow chemistry (2009)

The Helix reactor is highly suited for precise reaction control based on good hydrodynamics. The hydrodynamics are controlled by the Dean vortices, which create excellent heat transfer properties, approach plug flow and avoid turbulence. The flexibility of this reactor has been demonstrated using a very exothermic, temperature sensitive alkylation reaction, a mechanically delicate emulsion polymerisation reaction and a precipitation reaction. The reactor proved to be able to control the highly exothermic reaction leading to no side reactions. In the case of the emulsion polymerisation reaction the gentle mixing conditions of the Helix reactor were used to control particle size and size distribution in contrast to the same reaction performed in a straight tube reactor. This holds through also for the precipitation reaction. It is demonstrated that the helix reactor is a worthwhile tool transforming batch wise processes to continuous processing reducing costs while improving safety and quality.
Application of HDMI<sup>®</sup> cables as an MRI compatible single cable solution for Readout and power supply of SiPM based PET detectors (2012)

All PET detectors require cabling to supply power and transmit data, whether in analog or digital form. In this work we examine using High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI®) cables as a single cable solution to both supply power and transmit analog signals for a SiPM based PET detector that will be used in a hybrid PET/MRI imaging system. HDMI cables are designed for digital audio/video transmission, with each cable having four pairs of shielded 100 ohm differential signal lines, each rated for 3.4 Gbit/s, along with 7 additional signal lines and a braided shield around the entire cable. While designed as a digital signal cable, the lines are rated for 40V DC and 0.5A current. To test using HDMI® cables for application in PET, a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) PET detector module with a single HDMI® Type C ('mini) receptacle was built using a SensL SPMArray4 coupled to a dual-layer offset LYSO crystal array 1.67 mm crystal pitch. The 16 detector outputs were multiplexed to four signals using a simple resistor charge division network and driven using Analog Devices AD8132 op-amps. Detector bias of 30.2V and +/-5V power for the op-amps was supplied through a 25' length HDMI® cable connected through a custom receiver card. The signals were processed using NIM electronics and digitized with a PC based analog to digital converter (ADC) card. The PET detector had an average energy resolution of 14.3% full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and an average timing resolution of 2.50 ns. The performance of the PET detector was unaffected when operated inside a 7T MRI system. The MR images showed degradation in signal to noise ratio (SNR) of between 7 and 23%, which is believe to be due to coupling between the RF coil and the PET detector shielding. The results of this work suggest that HDMI® cab
Deception and Denial in Iraq: The Intelligent Adversary Corollary (2006)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJonathan I. KatzDr. Jonathan I. Katz is Professor of Physics at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, having joined the faculty there in 1981. Holding a Ph.D. in Astronomy and Space Sciences from Cornell University, he was previously a physicist at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and taught at the University of California at Los Angeles. He has been a consultant to the Stanford Research Institute and MITRE as part of the JASON group of scientists, and earlier served on the Advisory Council of the National Aeronautics and space Administration (NASA). The author of more than one hundred articles and technical papers, his work has appeared in such publications as theAstrophysical JournalandStrategic Review. Dr. Katz is the author ofHigh Energy Astrophysics(Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1987) andThe Biggest Bangs: The Mystery of Gamma-Ray Burst, the Most Violent Explosions in the Universe(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites Filled with Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Grafted Graphene Oxide (2012)

We present a novel approach to the fabrication of advanced polymeric nanocomposites from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by incorporation of PVA-grafted graphene oxide. In this work, we have synthesized PVA-grafted graphene oxide (PVA-g-GO) for the strong interfacial adhesion of graphene oxide (GO) to the PVA matrix. It was found that the mechanical properties of PVA were greatly improved by incorporating PVA-g-GO. For example, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PVA nanocomposite films containing 1 wt % net GO in the PVA-g-GO significantly increased by 88 and 150%, respectively, as compared to unfilled PVA. The elongation at break was also increased by 22%, whereas the GO/PVA nanocomposite containing 1 wt % pristine GO was decreased by 15%. Therefore, the presence of the PVA-g-GO in the PVA matrix could make the PVA not only stronger but also tougher. The strong interfacial adhesion between PVA-g-GO and the PVA matrix was attributed to the good compatibility between PVA-g-GO and the matrix PVA as well as the hydrogen-bonding between them.
Optical temperature switch based on microstructured fibre filled with different chemical mixtures (2012)

Size, shape and location of the air holes allow to tailor microstructured fibre (MSF) parameters in a very wide range way beyond classical fibres what opens up many possibilities for various applications. Additionally, the propagation parameters of MSF can be actively tuned when the air-holes are filled with different gases, liquids (e.g., liquid crystals) or solid materials (e.g., polymers). The mode confinement in such a filled MSF can be affected by temperature dependent refractive index of material filling the fibre. This idea puts forward a new type of components for creating novel fibre devices such as switches, attenuators and others. Variable optical attenuators (VOAs) play an important role in optical communications as equalizers for dynamic channel power and wavelength division multiplexing in a transmission system. Controlling and monitoring of optical power are also necessary in sensing applications, and especially, in optical systems which require high power laser operation or critical temperature threshold monitoring. Various types of VOA have been developed based on different mechanisms, such as bending loss control, light leaking from the fibre cladding, temperature tuning of the polymer incorporated into the tapered microstructured fibre or electrical tuning of the liquid crystal layers. In this paper we would like to discuss the highly dynamic VOA based on a tuneable microstructured fibre filled with different chemical mixtures used as an on/off temperature switch. Furthermore, the technology of low loss coupling and splicing of the applied MSF with a standard single mode fibre has been developed. Therefore, in the proposed application an optical signal can be transmitted to and from the switch by a standard telecom fibre which considerably reduces transmission losses and allows for the use of standard off-the-shelf components reducing costs of the overall system.
Mutations in the SBDS gene in acquired aplastic anemia (2007)

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS; OMIM 260400), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, is caused by mutations in both alleles of the SBDS gene, which encodes a protein of unknown function. Here we report heterozygosity for the 258 + 2 T>C SBDS gene mutation previously identified in SDS patients in 4 of 91 patients with apparently acquired aplastic anemia (AA) but not in 276 ethnically matched controls (Fisher exact test, P < .004). Affected patients were young and had a poor outcome; they had reduced SBDS expression but no evidence of the pancreatic exocrine failure or skeletal abnormalities typical of SDS. Length of telomeres in granulocytes of SBDS heterozygous patients was short for their age, and in SDS patients with both SBDS alleles affected further analyzed, granulocytes' telomeres were even shorter, correlating in length with SBDS expression. Higher heterogeneity in telomere length also was observed in SDS patients. Telomerase activity of SBDS-deficient patients' lymphocytes was comparable with controls, and no physical interaction between SBDS protein and telomerase complex components (TERT or TERC) was established. We propose that heterozygosity for the 258 + 2 T>C SBDS mutation predisposes to AA by accelerating telomere shortening of leukocytes via a telomerase-independent mechanism.
MIN102 (Leriglitazone), a Brain Penetrant PPAR Gamma Agonist for the Treatment of Friedreich’s Ataxia (4147) (2020)

To investigate the preclinical efficacy of a new investigational drug, leriglitazone, in preclinical models of Friedreich’s Ataxia.
The Conversion of Aliphatic Primary Alcohols to the Corresponding Carboxylic Acids Using Calcium Hypochlorite (1990)

Abstract The reaction of aliphatic primary alcohols with calcium hypochlorite in the presence of hydrochloric acid and excess tert-butanol produces the corresponding carboxylic acids in good yields.
Progressive Reversion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance Mutations In Vivo after Transmission of a Multiply Drug-Resistant Virus (2003)

Evolution and transmission of multiply drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may limit therapeutic options as global treatment efforts expand. However, the stability of these mutants in the absence of drug selection pressure is not known. We performed a longitudinal analysis of plasma virus from a person who acquired HIV-1 that contained multiple reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) mutations. In the absence of therapy, 5 of 12 drug resistance mutations reverted in a stepwise fashion to wild type over the course of 52 weeks. Reversion of the M184V mutation alone did not change viral replicative capacity (RC), but it led to enhanced resistance to zidovudine and tenofovir. However, reversions of a second RT mutation and 3 PR mutations were associated with an increase in viral RC, and this was temporally correlated with a marked decrease in CD4 cell number. This study demonstrates the gradual stepwise back-mutation of certain drug resistance mutations in vivo in the absence of ongoing drug selection pressure. Moreover, it suggests that, despite initially impaired viral fitness, a transmitted HIV-1 isolate with multiple drug resistance mutations can evolve to develop increased RC and significant pathogenicity.
Time-frequency analysis of visual evoked potentials by means of matching pursuit with chirplet atoms (2005)

Detection of visual evoked potentials (VEP) elicited by repetitive stimuli is valuable in both laboratorial research and clinical practice. Therefore, knowing the characteristics of VEPs is of fundamental importance for adequate design of a signal detector. Usually, the signal is modeled as a steady-state VEP (ssVEP) consisting of the fundamental frequency and the higher harmonics, while ignoring the information contained in its transients (tVEP). We propose here to characterize both tVEP and ssVEP by chirplet time-frequency representation of VEP signal using a matching pursuit (MP) algorithm. Compared to the time-frequency analysis with short-time-Fourier-transform (STFT) and linear-prediction-coding (LPC) method, MP with chirplet shows not only clear characteristics of ssVEP, but a clear spindle-like time-frequency component of tVEP as well, which is not obvious in the other two methods.
Psychosoziale Belastungen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten nach Brandverletzung (2016)

Burn injuries can result in long-term mental and physical health problems. We investigated if patients at different time periods since the burn injury differed with regard to psychosocial impairment. Patients who were treated as inpatients because of burn injury between 2006 and 2012 were asked about quality of life (Burn Specific Health Scale - Brief; BSHS-B), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Deutsche Version; HADS-D), posttraumatic stress disorder (Impact of Event Scale - Revised; IES-R), stigmatization (Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire; PSQ) and social support (Fragebogen zur sozialen Unterstützung; F-SozU-7). The sample (146 patients) was divided into 4 groups according to the time period elapsed since the burn injury. There were no significant differences in psychosocial distress between the 4 groups. The same applied to sociodemographic and burn specific variables. 18 (12.4%) patients had the cutoff of ≥11 for anxiety and 22 (15.2%) for depression on the HADS; 16 (11.1%) patients screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No differences were found for current psycho(pharmaco)therapy and the wish for psychotherapy. The results suggest persistence of psychosocial burden over time after burn injury. Psychosocial interventions might thus be indicated even many years after burn injuries.
Increased Microbial Butanol Tolerance by Exogenous Membrane Insertion Molecules (2015)

Butanol is an ideal biofuel, although poor titers lead to high recovery costs by distillation. Fluidization of microbial membranes by butanol is one of the major factors limiting titers in butanol-producing bioprocesses. Starting with the hypothesis that certain membrane insertion molecules would stabilize the lipid bilayer in the presence of butanol, we applied a combination of in vivo and in vitro techniques within an in silico framework to describe a new approach to achieve solvent tolerance in bacteria. Single-molecule tracking of a model supported bilayer showed that COE1-5C, a five-ringed oligo-polyphenylenevinylene conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), reduced the diffusion rate of phospholipids in a microbially derived lipid bilayer to a greater extent than three-ringed and four-ringed COEs. Furthermore, COE1-5C treatment increased the specific growth rate of E. coli K12 relative to a control at inhibitory butanol concentrations. Consequently, to confer butanol tolerance to microbes by exogenous means is complementary to genetic modification of strains in industrial bioprocesses, extends the physiological range of microbes to match favorable bioprocess conditions, and is amenable with complex and undefined microbial consortia for biobutanol production. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the π-conjugated aromatic backbone of COE1-5C likely acts as a hydrophobic tether for glycerophospholipid acyl chains by enhancing bilayer integrity in the presence of high butanol concentrations, which thereby counters membrane fluidization. COE1-5C-mitigated E. coli K12 membrane depolarization by butanol is consistent with the hypothesis that improved growth rates in the presence of butanol are a consequence of improved bilayer stability.
Saturation effects in DFWM spectroscopy: nonperturbative calculations (1993)

Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) is a technique that shows great promise for sensitive measurements of transient gas-phase species. However, much research is required on some fundamental aspects of the physics of the technique, such as collisional and laser intensity effects, before DFWM can be applied quantitatively in a wide range of chemically-reacting media such as flames and plasmas.
Atrial-Overdrive Pacing Not Effective for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2006)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but it can be poorly tolerated. A small, preliminary study in 2002 showed a benefit of atrial-overdrive pacemaker therapy in patients with central or obstructive sleep apnea and conventional pacemaker indications (Journal Watch …
On Elkies subgroups of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:math> -torsion points in elliptic curves defined over a finite field (2009)

As a subproduct of the Schoof-Elkies-Atkin algorithm to count points on elliptic curves defined over finite fields of characteristic <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> , there exists an algorithm that computes, for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:math> an Elkies prime, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:math> -torsion points in an extension of degree <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at cost <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˜</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mspace width="0.166667em"/> <mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo form="prefix">log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> bit operations in the favorable case where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We combine in this work a fast algorithm for computing isogenies due to Bostan, Morain, Salvy and Schost with the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> -adic approach followed by Joux and Lercier to get an algorithm valid without any limitation on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> but of similar complexity. For the sake of simplicity, we precisely state here the algorithm in the case of finite fields with characteristic <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We give experiment results too.