gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Electrorheological Study on the Behavior of Water‐in‐Crude Oil Emulsions Under Influence of a DC Electric Field and Different Flow Conditions (2007)

The influence of an applied DC electric field on viscosity and droplet size distribution of different water‐in‐crude oil emulsions was monitored in order to investigate the induction of coalescence of the water droplets. The effects caused by the voltage imposition were studied by rheological analysis and the validity of the obtained results was discussed, comparing with the features of real electrocoalcscer systems. A low field NMR technique (CPMG NMR) and digital video microscopy (DVM) were used to elucidate the behavior of the emulsions. Experiments performed at low shear rate with increasing electric field magnitude showed an increase in viscosity until a critical value. ECRIT was reached. Thereafter coalescence occurred and viscosity decreased irreversibly below its initial value. The electrorheological behavior of the emulsions can be attributed to the organization (flocculation) of water droplets induced by the electric field, accompanied by an increase in viscosity. The structure breaks down as the shear rate is increased, leading to a decrease in viscosity. Experiments performed at high shear showed only a small decline in the viscosity. Although it was evident that coalescence took place, it did not involve the whole sample, because the electrodes were uncoated. As a direct consequence, the mean value of the droplet size within the emulsion did not change noticeably. Nonetheless this mean value was less recurrent and the formation of droplets of very large diameter occurred.
Synthesis of 3,9,15,19,21,23‐Hexaazakekulene (1997)

Blue fluorescence is exhibited by the hexaazakekulene 1, the first fully aromatic heteroanalogue of kekulene. It was synthesized in four steps from formaldehyde and proflavine (3,6-diaminoacridine). Although 1 is insoluble in organic solvents, it is slightly soluble in strong acids such as methanesulfonic or trifluoroacetic acid—probably due to protonation.
Air-clad multimode holely fiber coupler for high power transmission (2005)

We report fabrication of a 2/spl times/2 air-clad multimode coupler. It has an insertion loss of 6.5 dB, excess loss of 3.5 dB over broadband. Potential application in high power combiner was confirmed.
Neuronal Expression and Neuritogenic Action of Group X Secreted Phospholipase A2 (2005)

Although individual mammalian secreted phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) enzymes exhibit unique tissue and cellular distributions, the cell type-specific functions of each enzyme remain largely unknown. In this study, we found by immunohistochemistry that group X sPLA(2) (sPLA(2)-X) is uniquely located in the peripheral neuronal fibers, an observation that was supported by detection of its transcript and protein in the neuronal cell line PC12 and in primary dorsal root ganglia neurons. Adenoviral expression of sPLA(2)-X in PC12 cells facilitated neurite outgrowth, particularly when combined with a suboptimal concentration of nerve growth factor. In neuronally differentiated PC12 cells, sPLA(2)-X was preferentially localized in the Golgi apparatus and growth cones, and proteolytic conversion of the proenzyme to mature enzyme mainly occurred after the secretion process. The neurite-extending ability of sPLA(2)-X depended on the production of its catalytic product, lysophosphatidylcholine. Moreover, nerve growth factor-induced neurite extension of PC12 cells was modestly but significantly attenuated by an anti-sPLA(2)-X antibody or by a small interfering RNA for sPLA(2)-X. These observations suggest the potential contribution of sPLA(2)-X to neuronal differentiation, and possibly repair, under certain conditions.
Track and trap in 3D (2007)

Three-dimensional light structures can be created by modulating the spatial phase and polarization properties of an an expanded laser beam. A particularly promising technique is the Generalized Phase Contrast (GPC) method invented and patented at Risø National Laboratory. Based on the combination of programmable spatial light modulator devices and an advanced graphical user-interface the GPC method enables real-time, interactive and arbitrary control over the dynamics and geometry of synthesized light patterns. Recent experiments have shown that GPC-driven micro-manipulation provides a unique technology platform for fully user-guided assembly of a plurality of particles in a plane, control of particle stacking along the beam axis, manipulation of multiple hollow beads, and the organization of living cells into three-dimensional colloidal structures. Here we present GPC-based optical micromanipulation in a microfluidic system where trapping experiments are computer-automated and thereby capable of running with only limited supervision. The system is able to dynamically detect living yeast cells using a computer-interfaced CCD camera, and respond to this by instantly creating traps at positions of the spotted cells streaming at flow velocities that would be difficult for a human operator to handle.
Individual lymph nodes: “See it and Zap it” (2019)

For pelvic and para-aortic metastatic lymph nodes, online MRI-guided adaptive treatment planning results in adequate PTV and GTV coverage when taking the actual patient anatomy into account (ATS). Generally, GTV coverage remained adequate throughout the treatment session for both adaptive planning strategies. "Seeing and zapping" metastatic lymph nodes comes within reach for MRI-guided SBRT.
Uracil-based angiotensin II receptor antagonists (1995)

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2,4-pyrimidinedione (uracil) is a valuable nucleus for the construction of potent antagonists of the AT1 angiotensin II receptor. Various synthetic routes were applied in order to introduce a wide range of different groups at the N3-nitrogen and to obtain condensed uracil derivatives as well. 121 with a N,N-dimethylacetamide residue at N3 was the most potent compound with an IC50 of 0.65 nM.
The Effect of Reducing the Bone to Cast Distance in an Equine Transfixation Pin Cast: An Ex Vivo Biomechanical Study (2021)

The distance between the bone surface and the cast at the location of pin insertion has a significant effect on resistance of the pins to cyclic loading. Therefore, the amount of padding applied underneath an equine transfixation pin cast can have an influence on the overall stability and durability of the construct.
Metal-on-metal Bearing Surfaces (2009)

Metal-on-metal bearing couples remain a popular option in total hip arthroplasty and are the only currently available option for surface replacement arthroplasty. In general, the intermediate-term clinical performance of metal-on-metal bearings has been favorable. There are, however, lingering concerns about the biologic consequences of metal release from these bearings in terms of both local tissue effects, including delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in a subset of patients, and potential systemic effects as a consequence of chronic elevations in serum cobalt and chromium content. Advances in the understanding of the operant wear mechanisms in these bearings provide strategies for reducing the burden of metal released into the periprosthetic milieu, which in turn will mitigate the concerns about the biologic response to the metal debris. Continued surveillance of patients with these bearings is warranted to determine whether metal-on-metal bearing couples provide a long-term survivorship advantage over other bearing couple options and to evaluate whether chronic elevations in the body burden of cobalt and chromium is well tolerated over the long term.
End-to-End Speech Recognition from the Raw Waveform (2018)

State-of-the-art speech recognition systems rely on fixed, hand-crafted features such as mel-filterbanks to preprocess the waveform before the training pipeline. In this paper, we study end-to-end systems trained directly from the raw waveform, building on two alternatives for trainable replacements of mel-filterbanks that use a convolutional architecture. The first one is inspired by gammatone filterbanks (Hoshen et al., 2015; Sainath et al, 2015), and the second one by the scattering transform (Zeghidour et al., 2017). We propose two modifications to these architectures and systematically compare them to mel-filterbanks, on the Wall Street Journal dataset. The first modification is the addition of an instance normalization layer, which greatly improves on the gammatone-based trainable filterbanks and speeds up the training of the scattering-based filterbanks. The second one relates to the low-pass filter used in these approaches. These modifications consistently improve performances for both approaches, and remove the need for a careful initialization in scattering-based trainable filterbanks. In particular, we show a consistent improvement in word error rate of the trainable filterbanks relatively to comparable mel-filterbanks. It is the first time end-to-end models trained from the raw signal significantly outperform mel-filterbanks on a large vocabulary task under clean recording conditions.
An AFM study of surface morphology of commercial 6" SOI wafers (2002)

Work reported in this paper involved an extensive Atomic Force Microscopic investigation of the surface quality of 6" SIMOX SOI wafers without any epitaxy in conjunction with a study of reliability of 19 nm or 9 nm thick gate oxide. The results illustrate that AFM studies will allow rapid development of high quality SOI substrates and that AFM, when used as a quality control tool, will assure supply of quality substrates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrahigh Linearity of the Magnetic-Flux-to-Voltage Response of Proximity-Based Mesoscopic Bi-SQUIDs (2022)

Superconducting double-loop interferometers (bi-SQUIDs) have been introduced to produce magnetic flux sensors specifically designed to exhibit an ultrahighly linear voltage response as a function of the magnetic flux. These devices are very important for quantum sensing and for signal processing of signals oscillating in the radio-frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we report an $\mathrm{Al}$ double-loop bi-SQUID based on proximitized mesoscopic $\mathrm{Cu}$ Josephson junctions. Such a scheme provides an alternative fabrication approach to conventional tunnel-junction-based interferometers, where the junction characteristics and, consequently, the magnetic-flux-to-voltage and magnetic-flux-to-critical-current device responses can be largely and easily tailored by the geometry of the metallic weak links. We discuss the performance of such sensors by showing a full characterization of the device switching current and voltage drop versus the magnetic flux for operation temperatures ranging from 30 mK to approximately $1\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The figures of merit of the transfer function and of the total harmonic distortion are also discussed. The latter provides an estimate of the linearity of the flux-to-voltage device response, which attains values as large as 45 dB. Such a result lets us foresee a performance already on par with that achieved in conventional tunnel-junction-based bi-SQUIDs arrays composed of hundreds of interferometers.
Myocardial Infarction-induced N-terminal Fragment of Cardiac Myosin-binding Protein C (cMyBP-C) Impairs Myofilament Function in Human Myocardium (2014)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with depressed cardiac contractile function and progression to heart failure. Cardiac myosin-binding protein C, a cardiac-specific myofilament protein, is proteolyzed post-MI in humans, which results in an N-terminal fragment, C0-C1f. The presence of C0-C1f in cultured cardiomyocytes results in decreased Ca(2+) transients and cell shortening, abnormalities sufficient for the induction of heart failure in a mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate the association between C0-C1f and altered contractility in human cardiac myofilaments in vitro. To accomplish this, we generated recombinant human C0-C1f (hC0C1f) and incorporated it into permeabilized human left ventricular myocardium. Mechanical properties were studied at short (2 μm) and long (2.3 μm) sarcomere length (SL). Our data demonstrate that the presence of hC0C1f in the sarcomere had the greatest effect at short, but not long, SL, decreasing maximal force and myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity. Moreover, hC0C1f led to increased cooperative activation, cross-bridge cycling kinetics, and tension cost, with greater effects at short SL. We further established that the effects of hC0C1f occur through direct interaction with actin and α-tropomyosin. Our data demonstrate that the presence of hC0C1f in the sarcomere is sufficient to induce depressed myofilament function and Ca(2+) sensitivity in otherwise healthy human donor myocardium. Decreased cardiac function post-MI may result, in part, from the ability of hC0C1f to bind actin and α-tropomyosin, suggesting that cleaved C0-C1f could act as a poison polypeptide and disrupt the interaction of native cardiac myosin-binding protein C with the thin filament.
Acrolein exacerbates anti‐retroviral therapy‐associated hepatotoxicity by increasing ER stress, apoptotic gene expression and cell death (844.14) (2014)

In HIV patients prolonged ART usage accompanied by other life style components (e.g. alcohol consumption, smoking) has been associated with adverse hepatic events caused by abnormal lipid accumulation and peroxidation. However, role of cofactors that can significantly alter the hepatic interaction of ART leading to pathogenic outcomes is only poorly understood. In this regard, ART mediated hepatic steatosis can give rise to highly reactive hepatotoxic aldehydes, like acrolein, via lipid peroxidation. Hence the present study examined the role of acrolein as a cofactor in ART drug, azidothymidine (AZT)‐induced hepatotoxicity. Cytotoxic effects of acrolein and AZT were investigated using human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and rat‐primary cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations of acrolein (ACR) and AZT alone or in combination (AZT+ACR). Our results showed that acrolein or AZT alone had minimal effect on hepatocyte survival. However combinatorial treatment of AZT+ACR significantly increased apoptotic death. Further, the hepatotoxic effects of AZT+ACR were observed to involve ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction which was documented by Ca 2+ release, up‐regulation in ER stress genes and mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ATP depletion. Additionally, the combinatorial treatment increased apoptotic gene expression of FasL, a known contributor to liver damage. Notably, acute acrolein exposure enhanced AZT responsive epigenetic modifications at the FasL promoter contributing to transcriptional activation. Overall, the data suggest that presence of acrolein plays a significant pathogenic role in the development of ART‐induced hepatotoxicity. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NIH and Veterans Administration
The fate of nitrogen in the chemical recovery process in a kraft pulp mill. Part III: The effect of some process variables (2001)

The effects of some process variables on the fate of N in the chem. recovery cycles of pulp mills were studied. &nbsp;The general picture of the relative flows of wood N in the cycle was the same for both hard and soft woods. &nbsp;However, the wood species was of significance for the N concns. in the cycle as well as for the level of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from the boiler. &nbsp;The different ways to handle secondary condensates caused some minor changes in the routes of N in the cycle. &nbsp;The addn. of bio-​sludge (∼0.5 wt.​% of black liquor solids) to black liquor in the middle of the evapn. plant increased the N content of liquor by ∼30​%. &nbsp;However, this addn. and the feed of the high-​concn., low-​vol. gases and MeOH to the recovery boiler did not result in any change in the share of the smelt N of the liquor N or in any increase in the levels of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions in the boiler.
Analysis of expression of TGF-β1 receptor (ALK-1) in normal and tumor tissues by tissue microarrays (2009)

e22044 Background: TGF-β1 is an important angiogenic factor involved in different aspects of angiogenesis and vessel maintenance. TGF-β1 receptors consist of class I, class II and accessory receptors. Activin-like kinase I (ALK-1) is a class I TGF- β1 receptor which is almost exclusively expressed on endothelial cells. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is caused by mutations in the ALK-1 gene. Knock-out mice for ALK-1 die during gestation due to vascular malformation. ALK-1 may thus represent an attractive target for anti-angiogenic therapy. A therapeutic monoclonal antibody (PF-03446962) against ALK-1 has been developed which is currently in phase I testing. Here we describe target validation in normal and tumor tissue using tissue micro-arrays (TMAs). Methods: Normal tissue arrays comprised of 609 individual histological samples representing 76 human tissues. Multi-tumor arrays consisted of 3923 individual tumor samples from 87 tumor types. Consecutive sections of tissue arrays were stained for ALK-1 and CD31. CD31 immunohistology (IHC) was performed to ensure presence of vessels within tissue samples. ALK-1 staining was graded 0=absent, 1=weak, 2= moderate and 3=strong by an experienced pathologist blinded to tissue type. Results: ALK-1 staining of vessels in normal tissues was generally weak (mostly grade 1 and rarely grade 2) and was detectable in lymphatic tissues including tonsil, lymph nodes, thymus and spleen, lung, the entire GI tract including parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands as well as pancreas. ALK-1 positive vessels were also found within the female genital tract including placenta, uterus and ovary. In human tumor vessels ALK-1 expression showed high variability between tumor types. The highest ALK-1 expression rate was found in lung cancer (NSCLC 49%, SCLC 83%), neuroendocrine pancreas tumor (71%), colon cancer (50%), chondrosarcoma 50%, angiosarcoma 40% and NHL (44%). Conclusions: TMAs are an excellent tool to verify target expression in normal and tumor tissues. Results may be used to predict side effects of targeted therapy and to direct phase II testing of innovative agents in patients likely to respond. [Table: see text]
Cross-correlated imaging of single-mode photonic crystal rod fiber with distributed mode filtering (2013)

Photonic crystal bandgap fibers employing distributed mode filtering design provide near diffraction-limited light outputs, a critical property of fiber-based high-power lasers. Microstructure of the fibers is tailored to achieve single-mode operation at specific wavelength by resonant mode coupling of higher-order modes. We analyze the modal regimes of the fibers having a mode field diameter of 60 µm by the cross-correlated (C(2)) imaging method in different wavelength ranges and evaluate the sensitivity of the modal content to various input-coupling conditions. As a result, we experimentally identify regimes of resonant coupling between higher-order core modes and cladding band. We demonstrate a passive fiber design in which the higher-order modal content inside the single-mode guiding regime is suppressed by at least 20 dB even for significantly misaligned input-coupling configurations.
Effects of Ethanol Feeding on the Interaction of Rat Hepatocytes with Laminin Peptides (1994)

Laminin, a complex glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, contains a number of biologically active sites. These sites are involved in cell growth, attachment, differentiation, and gene expression. Our previous studies have shown that chronic ethanol consumption by rats impairs hepatocyte attachment to various components of the extracellular matrix including laminin. In this study, three synthetic peptides (PA22-2, YIGSR, and RGD) that correspond to three distinct functional sites on the laminin molecule were used to investigate the effect of ethanol consumption on their cognate receptors. Initially, varying concentrations of each peptide were incubated with isolated hepatocytes from ethanol-fed and pair-fed control rats. These hepatocytes were then assayed for the ability to attach to laminin. The results indicated that all three peptides effectively inhibited laminin-mediated cell adhesion: the degree of inhibition appeared similar between pair-fed controls and ethanol-fed animals. Of the three peptides, PA22-2 showed the most dramatic inhibition of attachment. Therefore, we investigated the ability of hepatocytes to attach directly to PA22-2 itself. Attachment of hepatocytes from ethanol-fed animals to PA22-2 was impaired by 30% after 4 days and 90% by 14 days. Conversely, no significant difference in attachment to the entire laminin molecule was observed in ethanol-fed animals at these early time points. These results indicated that the ethanol-induced impairment of hepatocyte attachment to laminin may be caused by the decreased interaction of hepatocytes with specific functional sites on the laminin molecule and that specific receptors on the hepatocyte may be affected differently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dendritic cell immunotherapy for solid tumors: evaluation of the DCVax <sup>®</sup> platform in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (2015)

DCVax(®) (Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., MD, USA) is a platform technology for delivering dendritic cell based therapeutic vaccines for a variety of cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). DCVax(®)-L, one of the implementations of the DCVax platform, provides personalized active immunotherapy composed of autologous dendritic cells pulsed with autologous whole tumor lysate. Clinical trials with DCVax-L for GBM included previous Phase I/II clinical trials and an ongoing Phase III trial. Preliminary reports of patient outcomes after administration of the DCVax-L vaccine provide a promising therapeutic paradigm for patients with both initially diagnosed and recurrent GBM. Here we evaluate the current literature and clinical experience with the DCVax platform, with a particular focus on GBM treatment.
Mitochondria Associate with P-bodies and Modulate MicroRNA-mediated RNA Interference (2011)

P-bodies are cytoplasmic granules that are linked to mRNA decay, mRNA storage, and RNA interference (RNAi). They are known to interact with stress granules in stressed cells, and with late endosomes. Here, we report that P-bodies also interact with mitochondria, as previously described for P-body-related granules in germ cells. The interaction is dynamic, as a large majority of P-bodies contacts mitochondria at least once within a 3-min interval, and for about 18 s. This association requires an intact microtubule network. The depletion of P-bodies does not seem to affect mitochondria, nor the mitochondrial activity to be required for their contacts with P-bodies. However, inactivation of mitochondria leads to a strong decrease of miRNA-mediated RNAi efficiency, and to a lesser extent of siRNA-mediated RNAi. The defect occurs during the assembly of active RISC and is associated with a specific delocalization of endogeneous Ago2 from P-bodies. Our study reveals the possible involvement of RNAi defect in pathologies involving mitochondrial deficiencies.
Extension to OpenIGTLink; Smart Socket Connection, XML as Message, Logging, and One-to-multi Relaying (2009)

We extended OpenIGTLink with following useful features; 1) AgentSocket class to capsulate socket initiation for smarter socket connection with try-catch implementation, 2) XmlMessage class to handle an XML text message. Using this extension, we will implement a data-logging DB that can relay the data to multiple clients. This will impact the following 1) a pair of agent takes care of establishing, maintaining, terminating the communication channel, as well as attempting re-connection in case of network trouble, 2) modern error handling, 3) arbitrary format of data transfer by formatting an XML, including MRML data transmission via OpenIGTLink, 4) data logging by XML format. The work is yet in an early stage of implementation and a simple client example will be demonstrated.