gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Half-Bridge Converter With Input Current Ripple Reduction for DC Distribution Systems (2012)

Employing an L-C-L filter cell to modify the half-bridge converter (HBC), a HBC with input current ripple reduction (HBC-CRR) is proposed. In addition to having low-voltage stress, lossless snubbing, and voltage-clamping features inherited from its predecessor, the proposed converter can shape input current waveform of HBC to a nonpulsating fashion. Consequently, the ripple and undesired harmonic components of the input current can be significantly reduced without adding a large input filter. These characteristics make it suitable for high frequency, high efficiency, high-input voltage, and low electromagnetic interference (EMI) dc distribution power conversion applications. In addition to the circuit analysis and design consideration, moreover, a proposed converter and a HBC with the same specification, 360–400-V input, 12-V/20-A output, and 100-kHz switching frequency, are built and tested for the purpose of the comparison. Several performance comparisons are made to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed converter over HBC.
Insulators with High Stability for Electroluminescent Devices (2003)

Aluminum oxinitride film fabricated by Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) was found to possess a large breakdown field, which is necessary for the stable operation of thin film electroluminescent (TFEL) devices. Moreover, aluminum oxinitride is more stable than aluminum oxide films grown by PEALD or by ALD after a postannealing process, which is inevitably required to improve the luminance property of phosphor. Furthermore, aluminum oxinitride films were applied to insulators of ZnS:Mn as well as a ZnS:Tb TFEL device. Resultantly, they show superb stability under a high electric field.
I/sub DD/ waveforms analysis for testing of domino and low voltage static CMOS circuits (2002)

This paper describes a test method which relies on the actual observation of supply current (I/sub DD/) waveforms. The method can be used to supplement the standard I/sub DDQ/ test method and it can be easily applied to dynamic and low V/sub DD/, low V/sub T/ CMOS circuits. The method allows us to detect faults which may not be detected by I/sub DDQ/ test methods, and is sensitive enough to detect potential faults, which do not manifest themselves as functional errors. A simple built-in current sensor, which proves to be adequate in verifying the feasibility of using the I/sub DD/ waveforms analysis is proposed to safely observe the current waveforms without significantly changing the waveforms.
The influence of fabric air permeability on the efficacy of ventilation features (2013)

Purpose – The purpose of this investigation was to measure the changes in effective thermal insulation caused by three different types of outer garment ventilation features (chest zips, back zips and pit zips) when combined with either a high or low air permeability insulating layer. Design/methodology/approach – The measurements in this investigation were made with a thermal manikin and with a 26 zone thermal torso. Measurements were made at two air flow speeds with each manikin; the different air flow characteristics for each manikin allowed investigation of how ventilation features interact with different air flow distributions. Findings – It was established in this study that high permeability insulation increases the efficacy of ventilation features by an average of 7 per cent at the low wind speed and 10 per cent at the high wind speed. No particular ventilation feature was found to be consistently the most effective; the data suggest that garment openings should simply be located in well-ventilated areas. Originality/value – This investigation analysed the ventilation characteristics of protective clothing ensembles with different ventilation features, allowing designers to create more comfortable clothing for work and leisure activities.
Transcatheter Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Adults (1992)

Three techniques of percutaneous transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus are presented along with a review of the literature.
Dissociation of Rad51 Presynaptic Complexes and Heteroduplex DNA Joints by Tandem Assemblies of Srs2 (2017)

Srs2 is a superfamily 1 (SF1) helicase and antirecombinase that is required for genome integrity. However, the mechanisms that regulate Srs2 remain poorly understood. Here, we visualize Srs2 as it acts upon single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) bound by the Rad51 recombinase. We demonstrate that Srs2 is a processive translocase capable of stripping thousands of Rad51 molecules from ssDNA at a rate of ∼50 monomers/s. We show that Srs2 is recruited to RPA clusters embedded between Rad51 filaments and that multimeric arrays of Srs2 assemble during translocation on ssDNA through a mechanism involving iterative Srs2 loading events at sites cleared of Rad51. We also demonstrate that Srs2 acts on heteroduplex DNA joints through two alternative pathways, both of which result in rapid disruption of the heteroduplex intermediate. On the basis of these findings, we present a model describing the recruitment and regulation of Srs2 as it acts upon homologous recombination intermediates.
CD40-Activated B Cells Migrate Towards Secondary Lymphoid Organs And Interact Dynamically With T Cells (2010)

B cells have been demonstrated to present antigen to T cells in vivo. CD40-activation dramatically improves antigen presentation by normal and malignant B cells and has therefore been studied as an approach to generate autologous “non-artificial” antigen presenting cells for active immunotherapy. Furthermore, CD40-B cells have recently been shown to expand tumorantigen and viral specific CTL as well as regulatory T cells and are therefore of great interest for post-transplant immunotherapy. Human B cells when activated via CD40-L/IL-4 can be expanded from small amounts of peripheral blood in 12-14 days. CD40-activated B cells can prime naïve T cells, expand memory T cells and express important surface homing molecules. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether such cells have the property to attract and interact with T cells in a physiological context and whether CD40-activated B cells migrate to secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) in vivo, a necessary step for an antigen-presenting cell (APC) to induce immunity. To address this question we established a platform to generate murine CD40-activated B cells. At day 14 of culture, these cells are >95% CD19+ and CD80/86/MHCI/MHCIIhi. Murine CD40-activated B cells present a ‘homing phenotype’; migrate towards SLO chemokines such as CCL19, CCL21 and CXCL13; and induce T-cell chemotaxis in vitro. Upon CD40L activation, B cells up-regulate CCR7 while down-regulate CXCR5 expression which suggests direction of activated B cells towards the B-zone-T-zone boundary. We compared the homing of GFP+ CD40-activated B cells to resting GFP+ B cells and show for the first time that CD40-activated B cells home to SLO significantly more efficiently than resting B cells. Furthermore, CD40-activated B cells localize in B-cell areas, and a significant fraction move to the B-T boundary close to the T-cell zone. To dissect T-cell-APC interactions on a single cell we analyzed three-dimensional migration in collagen matrix. Interestingly, antigen-loaded CD40-activated B cells differ from immature and mature DC by displaying a rapid migratory pattern undergoing highly dynamic, short-lived (7.5 min) and sequential interactions with cognate T cells. Taken together, these data reveal that CD40-activated B cells can home to secondary lymphoid organs and interact dynamically with T cells thus underlining their potential as cellular adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
Cerebral metabolism of fluorodeoxyglucose measured with <sup>19</sup>F NMR spectroscopy (1991)

Brain extracts from rats given various doses of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ranging from 20 to 300 mg/kg were examined with 19F NMR spectroscopy for fluorinated metabolic products and compared with the in vivo 19F spectra. Based on the analysis of these spectra and comparison with synthetic reference compounds, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate and 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose 6-phosphate were identified as the major metabolites present. 2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-6-phosphogluconate was detected only at high doses of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose administered, along with non-phosphorylated 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose. Small amounts of two other compounds, which were not identified, were also observed. Presence of the 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose 6-phosphate is the result of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate isomerization at the C2 position catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase. Results from the in vitro enzymatic reaction provide support for this hypothesis. Presence of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose may be the result of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose isomerization at the C2 position catalyzed by glucose isomerase or the result of the dephosphorylation of the 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate.
Voice Low Tone to High Tone Ratio: A Potential Quantitative Index for Vowel&lt;tex&gt;$[ssr a!:]$&lt;/tex&gt;and Its Nasalization (2006)

Hypernasality is associated with various diseases and interferes with speech intelligibility. A recently developed quantitative index called voice low tone to high tone ratio (VLHR) was used to estimate nasalization. The voice spectrum is divided into low-frequency power (LFP) and high-frequency power (HFP) by a specific cutoff frequency (600 Hz). VLHR is defined as the division of LFP into HFP and is expressed in decibels. Voice signals of the sustained vowel [a :] and its nasalization in eight subjects with hypernasality were collected for analysis of nasalance and VLHR. The correlation of VLHR with nasalance scores was significant (r = 0.76, p < 0.01), and so was the correlation between VLHR and perceptual hypernasality scores (r = 0.80, p < 0.01). Simultaneous recordings of nasal airflow temperature with a thermistor and voice signals in another 8 healthy subjects showed a significant correlation between temperature rate of nasal airflow and VLHR (r = 0.76, p < 0.01), as well. We conclude that VLHR may become a potential quantitative index of hypernasal speech and can be applied in either basic or clinical studies.
Role of the phosphopantetheinyltransferase enzyme, PswP, in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial secondary metabolites by Serratia marcescens Db10 (2014)

Phosphopantetheinyltransferase (PPTase) enzymes fulfil essential roles in primary and secondary metabolism in prokaryotes, archaea and eukaryotes. PPTase enzymes catalyse the essential modification of the carrier protein domain of fatty acid synthases, polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). In bacteria and fungi, NRPS and PKS enzymes are often responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with clinically relevant properties; these secondary metabolites include a variety of antimicrobial peptides. We have previously shown that in the Gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens Db10, the PPTase enzyme PswP is essential for the biosynthesis of an NRPS-PKS dependent antibiotic called althiomycin. In this work we utilize bioinformatic analyses to classify PswP as belonging to the F/KES subfamily of Sfp type PPTases and to putatively identify additional NRPS substrates of PswP, in addition to the althiomycin NRPS-PKS, in Ser. marcescens Db10. We show that PswP is required for the production of three diffusible metabolites by this organism, each possessing antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Genetic analyses identify the three metabolites as althiomycin, serrawettin W2 and an as-yet-uncharacterized siderophore, which may be related to enterobactin. Our results highlight the use of an individual PPTase enzyme in multiple biosynthetic pathways, each contributing to the ability of Ser. marcescens to inhibit competitor bacteria by the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites.
Ocular-specific ER stress reduction rescues glaucoma in murine glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma (2014)

Administration of glucocorticoids induces ocular hypertension in some patients. If untreated, these patients can develop a secondary glaucoma that resembles primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The underlying pathology of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma is not fully understood, due in part to lack of an appropriate animal model. Here, we developed a murine model of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma that exhibits glaucoma features that are observed in patients. Treatment of WT mice with topical ocular 0.1% dexamethasone led to elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), functional and structural loss of retinal ganglion cells, and axonal degeneration, resembling glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma in human patients. Furthermore, dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertension was associated with chronic ER stress of the trabecular meshwork (TM). Similar to patients, withdrawal of dexamethasone treatment reduced elevated IOP and ER stress in this animal model. Dexamethasone induced the transcriptional factor CHOP, a marker for chronic ER stress, in the anterior segment tissues, and Chop deletion reduced ER stress in these tissues and prevented dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertension. Furthermore, reduction of ER stress in the TM with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate prevented dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertension in WT mice. Our data indicate that ER stress contributes to glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension and suggest that reducing ER stress has potential as a therapeutic strategy for treating glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma.
Other RET Optimization Techniques (2010)

As a supplemental to the optical proximity correction (OPC) and phase-shifting masks (PSM) optimization algorithms, a variety of techniques to improve the performance of OPC and PSM optimizations are described in this chapter. In this chapter, first, a double patterning method is developed based on the generalized PSM optimization framework is described. Second, a post-processing based on 2D discrete cosine transform (DCT) is presented to simultaneously reduce the complexity of the mask pattern and the output pattern error. Finally, a photoresist tone reversing method is described to print extremely sparse patterns on the wafer. Controlled Vocabulary Terms discrete cosine transforms; photoconducting devices; proximity effect (lithography)
Determining the relative permittivity of masses in the human body (2012)

This paper introduces a new method for in-vivo determination of the dielectric properties for embedded regions in human tissues. A surgery-free method is proposed for on-body monitoring system to evaluate the dielectric properties of internal body components (lung, heart etc) and to effectively determine irregularities in real-time. The method uses a set of electrodes at low frequencies (10MHz) to obtain data that can determine the underlying layered structure. By using multiple electrodes, the effects of outer layers (skin, fat and muscle), are suppressed allowing for the characterization of deeper dielectric layer. In this paper, we present a proof of concept based on simulations. experimental data will be presented at the conference.
Structure and Dynamics of Zr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>8</sub> Metal–Organic Framework Node Surfaces Probed with Ethanol Dehydration as a Catalytic Test Reaction (2018)

Some metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporate nodes that are metal oxide clusters such as Zr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>8</sub>. Vacancies on the node surfaces, accidental or by design, act as catalytic sites. Here, we report elucidation of the chemistry of Zr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>8</sub> nodes in the MOFs UiO-66 and UiO-67 having used infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies to determine the ligands on the node surfaces originating from the solvents and modifiers used in the syntheses and having elucidated the catalytic properties of the nodes for ethanol dehydration, which takes place selectively to make diethyl ether but not ethylene at 473-523 K. Density functional theory calculations show that the key to the selective catalysis is the breaking of node-linker bonds (or the accidental adjacency of open/defect sites) that allows catalytically fruitful bonding of the reactant ethanol to neighboring sites on the nodes, facilitating the bimolecular ether formation through an S<sub>N</sub>2 mechanism.
Thermal Inkjet System to Enable Picoliter Dispense of Pharmaceutical Compounds (2011)

A system designed to dispense small-molecule compounds dissolved in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) into ANSI-standard wellplates has been developed by Hewlett Packard (HP). This system, based on HP's Scalable Printing Technology (SPT), includes a disposable TIJ (thermal inkjet) dispensehead cassette designed specifically for the jetting of DMSO. Each cassette uses open 7&#x3BC;L reservoirs that allow a researcher to load fluid directly into the dispenseheads. The system also includes an instrument that drives the dispenseheads and moves wellplates below the fixed cassette. The system finally includes software designed to specify the amount of fluid dispensed into each well, rendering complicated experiments to be simple to both design and execute.Picoliter-dispense technology is particularly suited for the creation of direct compound titrations in well plates commonly used for dose-response experiments. Advantages over traditional serial dilution techniques include a reduction of carry over and accumulated error, an improvement in precision, and a reduction in compound usage. Additionally, the HP system enables a simpler workflow and makes finely-spaced dosages practical.This paper describes key features of the HP system and performance data from pharmaceutical beta sites. It also describes the advantages of a TIJ-based compound-dispensing system relative to existing pipette-based or PIJ (piezo inkjet)-based systems. Finally, it describes some of the advantages of using a non-contact Digital Dispenser in this application.
Macromodel for micromechanical, multi-electrode structures in force feedback control systems (2003)

Electrostatic force feedback loops are commonly used for measurement and position control in micromechanical sensors and actuators. They are widely implemented with switched capacitor, sigma-delta (/spl Sigma///spl Delta/) architectures as they provide perfect compatibility with capacitive sensing methods. The electromechanical subsystem, as a vital part of a /spl Sigma///spl Delta/-loop, strongly influences the loop characteristics. In order to characterize a /spl Sigma///spl Delta/-loop, however, transient simulations over a long time period are inevitable. Full 3D physical simulations (FEM/BEM) at system level are numerically impractical. Therefore, effective macromodels of the electro-mechanical subsystem are required. Established macromodels can handle one-dimensional systems and weakly coupled multi-dimensional systems but are not applicable to multidimensional, multi-electrode systems. A novel modeling technique is presented for micromechanical, multi-electrode structures which is based on Lagrange's equations. It considers the coupling of the structure kinematics with the electrical field between the electrodes. It further reflects parasitic excitation of the mechanical fundamental eigenmodes of the structure. The technique is applied to a new electrostatic levitation system controlling a micromechanical plate.
On the Duality of MIMO MAC and BC with AF Relays (2007)

In this work, we consider a two-hop multiuser amplify-and-forward relay network with MIMO nodes. The results are three-fold. First, for any relay amplification matrix D in the multiple-access channel (MAC), we show that duality holds when kappaD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dagger</sup> is employed in the broadcast channel (BC), and vice versa, where k is obtained from switching the total source and relay power constraints. Second, under a total network power constraint, we show that MAC-BC duality holds when D and D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dagger</sup> are the relaying matrices in the MAC and BC respectively. Third, for any D in the MAC and cD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dagger</sup> in the BC where c is any positive real scalar, duality under total network power constraint holds only for the above two cases.
Decreased left temporal lobe volume of panic patients measured by magnetic resonance imaging (2003)

Reported neuroimaging studies have shown functional and morphological changes of temporal lobe structures in panic patients, but only one used a volumetric method. The aim of the present study was to determine the volume of temporal lobe structures in patients with panic disorder, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Eleven panic patients and eleven controls matched for age, sex, handedness, socioeconomic status and years of education participated in the study. The mean volume of the left temporal lobe of panic patients was 9% smaller than that of controls (t21 = 2.37, P = 0.028). In addition, there was a trend (P values between 0.05 and 0.10) to smaller volumes of the right temporal lobe (7%, t21 = 1.99, P = 0.06), right amygdala (8%, t21 = 1.83, P = 0.08), left amygdala (5%, t21 = 1.78, P = 0.09) and left hippocampus (9%, t21 = 1.93, P = 0.07) in panic patients compared to controls. There was a positive correlation between left hippocampal volume and duration of panic disorder (r = 0.67, P = 0.025), with recent cases showing more reduction than older cases. The present results show that panic patients have a decreased volume of the left temporal lobe and indicate the presence of volumetric abnormalities of temporal lobe structures.
Characterization of a photoproduct of 7,12-dimethylbenz[<i>a</i>]anthracene and its effects on chick-embryo cells in culture (1977)

A common impurity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene was more effective than 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene in inducing morphological alterations, and in causing an increase in glucose uptake, DNA synthesis and cell number in chick-embryo fibroblasts. Gradual morphological transformation follows the increase in DNA synthesis after 2 days when either primary or secondary cultures are treated with 3 microgram of the compound/ml. The compound, isolated from 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene by alumina column chromatography, was characterized by t.l.c., mass spectroscopy, carbon-hydrogen analysis, u.v. and nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy and thermal decomposition. It was the photo-oxidation product of 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene, 7,12-epidioxy-7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. It is suggested that some of the biological effects observed after treatment of cultures with 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene may be due in part to the presence of the photo-oxidation product.
Propofol hemisuccinate suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2007)

Propofol hemisuccinate is a prodrug water soluble form of the lipophilic, phenolic compound propofol (2,6-di-isopropylphenol), that is the active ingredient in the widely used anesthetic agent Diprovan. Propofol binds to GABA(A) receptors but also has a phenolic structure that confers antioxidant properties to the molecule. The effects of propofol hemisuccinate in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were studied using different doses and time regimes. Propofol hemisuccinate, 100 mg/kg given three times a day from day 7 or day 12 until day 16 after disease initiation, significantly reduced maximal EAE score. Histology studies supported the clinical findings demonstrating reduction in the inflammatory response in the lumbar spinal cord in animals treated with propofol hemisuccinate. Decreased levels of nitrotyrosine and unchanged levels of induced nitric oxide synthase suggest propofol hemisuccinate crossed the blood brain barrier and exerted its effects by lowering reactive oxygen species levels. The results suggest that propofol hemisuccinate may provide an alternative mode of treatment for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis.