gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microcellular Plastics (2016)

Abstract Microcellular plastics are typically thermoplastic polymers with a large number (∼billions per cm 3 ) of tiny bubbles (of the order of 10 μm in diameter). Their densities can range from 3% to 95% of the solid polymer depending on the volume taken by the bubbles (which are denoted as cells in this paper). In general, microcellular plastics exhibit superior impact strength, toughness, fatigue life, thermal stability, dielectric strength, thermal and acoustical insulation performance, as well as optical properties, relatively to the solid counterparts. Other advantages of microcellular plastics include higher productivity due to its faster processing times and sink‐mark free injection‐molded parts with no residual stress and high dimensional stability. Owing to these unique properties, there are a large number of applications of microcellular plastics, particularly in automotive industries. This article summarizes the science and technology of microcellular plastics. To be specific, their history, science (ie, generation of polymer–gas solution, cell nucleation, growth, deterioration and stabilization), solid‐state processing technologies, continuous processing technologies (ie, extrusion and injection molding), design guidelines of each processing technologies, as well as the properties and application of microcellular plastics, are discussed in detail.
Magneto-optical disk formed by contact printing. (1989)

A method of the formation of grooves and pre-formatted pits on a glass substrate for a magneto-optical disk by contact printing is described. Up to now, a laser cutting method, whereby grooves and pre-formatted pits are formed with a focussed Ar-laser, has been used, and it needs over thirty minutes to expose a disk. But by using a contact printing method, we succeeded in the exposure of a disk for fifteen seconds, thus a mass production of the glass substrate for the magnetooptical disk with high quality and high reliability was made possible.
Effect of optical excitation energy on the red luminescence of Eu3+ in GaN (2005)

Photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectroscopy mapped the photoexcitation wavelength dependence of the red luminescence (D05→F27) from GaN:Eu. Time-resolved PL measurements revealed that for excitation at the GaN bound exciton energy, the decay transients are almost temperature insensitive between 86 K and 300 K, indicating an efficient energy transfer process. However, for excitation energies above or below the GaN bound exciton energy, the decaying luminescence indicates excitation wavelength- and temperature-dependent energy transfer influenced by intrinsic and Eu3+-related defects.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Alkoxydiboron with Haloarenes: A Direct Procedure for Arylboronic Esters. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Semianalytical Solution for Solute Transport in Porous Media With Multiple Spatially Variable Reaction Processes (1996)

A small‐perturbation semianalytical solution is derived for solute transport in porous media with multiple spatially variable reaction processes. Specific reactions of interest include reversible sorption, reversible mass transfer, and irreversible transformation (such as radioactive decay, hydrolysis reactions with fixed p H, and biodegradation). Laplace transform is employed to eliminate the time derivatives in the linear transport equations, and the transformed equations are solved analytically. The transient solution is ultimately obtained by use of an efficient quotient‐difference inversion algorithm. Results indicate that spatial variation of transformation constants for the solution phase and the sorbed phases decreases the global rate of mass loss and enhances solute transport. If the sorbed‐phase transformation constant is spatially uniform but not zero, a similar effect is observed when there is spatial variation of the equilibrium sorption coefficient. The global rate of mass loss and apparent retardation are decreased when the spatial variability of the sorbed‐phase transformation constant is positively correlated with the spatial variability of the equilibrium sorption coefficient and increased for a negative correlation.
Copper(II) Nanoballs as monomers for polyurethane coatings: synthesis, urethane derivatization and kinetic stability (2009)

The self-assembly of copper(II) ions and 5-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate (1) leads to Nanoballs in which twelve dinuclear copper(II) paddle-wheel units are interconnected via 24 ligands. The structure of the spherical coordination compound decorated with 24 hydroxy groups has been determined by single crystal X-ray structure analysis. As a model for the integration of Nanoballs into bulk polyurethane polymers and coatings, its reaction with phenylisocyanate is investigated. The stability of Nanoballs against hydrolytic decomposition is studied under acidic conditions and compared to simple copper(II) complexes. Release of copper(II) ions from Nanoballs is much slower than from discrete copper(II) paddle-wheel complexes, suggesting the use of Nanoballs as monomers for polyurethane-based antifouling coatings.
Functional Interaction between Coactivators CBP/p300, PCAF, and Transcription Factor FKLF2 (2002)

The Sp1/KLF family of factors regulates diverse cellular processes, including growth and development. Fetal Krüppel-like factor (FKLF2) is a new member of this family. In this study, we characterized the coactivators involved in FKLF2 transcriptional activation. Our results show that both CBP/p300 and p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) enhance FKLF2 transcriptional activity. We demonstrate that the acetyltransferase activity of PCAF but not that of CBP/p300 is required for stimulating FKLF2 transcription activity. We further show that p300 and PCAF act cooperatively in stimulating FKLF2 transcriptional activation. FKLF2 interacts with both CBP and PCAF through specific domains, and CBP and PCAF acetylate FKLF2. Both CBP/p300 and PCAF stimulate FKLF2 DNA binding activity. The integrity of the acetyltransferase domain of PCAF but not that of CBP/p300 is required for stimulating FKLF2 DNA binding activity. These results demonstrate that CBP/p300 and PCAF stimulate FKLF2 transcriptional activity at least by enhancing its DNA binding. The acetyltransferase activities of CBP/p300 and PCAF play a distinct role in stimulating FKLF2 transcription and DNA binding.
Expansion and contraction of resource allocation in sensory bottlenecks (2021)

Abstract Topographic sensory representations often do not scale proportionally to the size of their input regions, with some expanded and others contracted. In vision, the foveal representation is magnified cortically, as are the fingertips in touch. What principles drive this allocation, and how should receptor density, e.g. the high innervation of the fovea or the fingertips, and stimulus statistics, e.g. the higher contact frequencies on the fingertips, contribute? Building on work in efficient coding, we address this problem using linear models that maximize information transmission through decorrelation. We introduce a sensory bottleneck to impose constraints on resource allocation and derive the optimal neural allocation. We find that bottleneck width is a crucial factor in resource allocation, inducing either expansion or contraction. Both receptor density and stimulus statistics affect allocation and jointly determine convergence for wider bottlenecks. Furthermore, we show a close match between the predicted and empirical cortical allocations in a well-studied model system, the star-nosed mole. Overall, our results suggest that the strength of cortical magnification depends on resource limits.
Fractal dimension and mechanical properties of human cortical bone (2012)

Fractal dimension (FD) can be used to characterize microstructure of porous media, particularly bone tissue. The porous microstructure of cortical bone is observable in micro-CT (μCT) images. Estimations of fractal dimensions of μCT images of coupons of human cortical bone are obtained. The same samples were tested on a tensile test machine and Young's modulus (YM) and Failure stress were obtained. When both types of measures were compared, a clear correlation was found (R=-81%, P<0.01). Young's modulus of each sample and the FD of its μCT images are correlated. From the assumption that cortical bone is approximately a fractal set, a non-linear constitutive relation involving FD is obtained for YM. Experimental results show good agreement with this constitutive relation. Additional parameters in the non-linear relation between YM and FD have been estimated from experimental results and related to physical parameters.
Research on Parkinson Disease (2005)

Object. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has demonstrated significant antiparkinsonian actions in several animal models and in a recent pilot study in England in which four of five patients received bilateral putaminal delivery. In the present study the authors report on a 6-month unilateral intraputaminal GDNF infusion in 10 patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Methods. Patients with PD in a functionally defined on and off state were evaluated 1 week before and 1 and 4 weeks after intraputaminal catheter implantation in the side contralateral to the most affected side. Each patient was placed on a dose-escalation regimen of GDNF: 3, 10, and 30 μg/day at successive 8-week intervals, followed by a 1-month wash-out period. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total scores in the on and off states significantly improved 34 and 33%, respectively, at 24 weeks compared with baseline scores (95% confidence interval [CI] 18-47% for off scores and 16-51% for on scores). In addition, UPDRS motor scores in both the on and off states significantly improved by 30% at 24 weeks compared with baseline scores (95% CI 15-48% for off scores and 5-61% for on scores). Improvements occurred bilaterally, as measured by balance and gait and increased speed of hand movements. All significant improvements of motor function continued through the wash-out period. The only observed side effects were transient Lhermitte symptoms in two patients. Conclusions. Analysis of the data in this open-label study demonstrates the safety and potential efficacy of unilateral intraputaminal GDNF infusion. Unilateral administration of the protein resulted in significant, sustained bilateral effects.
Supplementary Table from Acetylated HOXB13 Regulated Super Enhancer Genes Define Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table from Acetylated HOXB13 Regulated Super Enhancer Genes Define Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Complete Chemical Structure of Photoactive Yellow Protein: Novel Thioester-Linked 4-Hydroxycinnamyl Chromophore and Photocycle Chemistry (1994)

The unique ability of photoactive proteins to capture and use energy from a photon of light depends on the chromophore, its linkage to the protein, and the surrounding protein environment. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which a chromophore and protein interact to undergo a light cycle, we are studying photoactive yellow protein (PYP), a 14-kDa water-soluble photoreceptor from Ectothiorhodospira halophila with a photocycle similar to that of sensory rhodopsin. Here, we report the cloning and sequencing of the pyp gene and the chemical identification of both the chromophore and its covalent linkage to the protein. Elemental composition data from high-resolution mass spectrometry of a proteolytically derived chromopeptide, pH titrations and UV-visible spectroscopy of the protein-bound and chemically released chromophore, and fragmentation mass spectrometry of the liberated chromophore amide were combined with results from the 1.4-A-resolution protein crystal structure to identify the chromophore in PYP as a 4-hydroxycinnamyl group covalently bound to the sole cysteine residue via a thioester linkage. While 4-hydroxycinnamate is a metabolic product of the phenylpropanoid pathway and a key molecule in plant stress response, this is the first report of covalent modification of a protein by this group. In the dark (yellow) state of PYP, the protein stabilizes the chromophore as the deprotonated phenolate anion. By combining our biochemical characterization of the chromophore with other published observations, we propose a chemical basis for the photocycle: following the initial absorption of a photon, the photocycle of PYP involves protonation of the chromophore to a neutral phenol form corresponding to the observed photobleached intermediate.
Newton projection with proportioning using iterative linear algebra for model predictive control with long prediction horizon (2019)

This paper presents an algorithm to solve a sparse Quadratic Programming (QP) problem. The QP problem is suitable for Model Predictive Control (MPC) applications in particular. MPC is a modern multivariable control method which requires the solution to a quadratic programming problem at each sampling instant. The proposed algorithm is an active-set based strategy which uses the proportioning test for the selection of the active-set reduction and expansion while utilizing the sparse nature of the problem by the preconditioned MINRES algorithm to solve the face problem. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the algorithm, and the results are compared with the state-of-the-art solvers.
Total-Ionizing-Dose Effects on Polycrystalline-Si Channel Vertical-Charge-Trapping Nand Devices (2021)

Total-ionizing-dose effects are evaluated in vertical-charge-trapping NAND devices with silicon oxynitride (SiON) and SiO2 tunneling layers. Processing splits include SiON tunneling layers with and without H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> high-pressure annealing. Programmed devices were irradiated to 500 krad(SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) with 10-keV X-rays and annealed for 30 min. Second programming after annealing does not fully restore the original, programmed state. Radiation-induced trapped holes compensate for deeply trapped electrons that are injected into the dielectric during device programming. Throughout the full irradiation and annealing sequence, threshold voltages remain large enough to enable successful nonvolatile (NV) memory application.
Off-resonant quantum dot-cavity interaction (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Majumdar, E. Kim, Y. Gong, A. Faraon, D. Englund, and J. Vuckovic, "Off-resonant quantum dot-cavity interaction," in CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2011), paper QThR3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Towards an information-theoretic model of the Allison mixture stochastic process (2016)

The Allison mixture is a random process formed by stochastically switching between two random and uncorrelated input processes. Unintuitively, these samples-independent prior to being drawn-can acquire dependence as a result of the sampling process. It has previously been shown that correlation can occur subject to certain conditions, however in general dependence does not imply correlation. In this paper we provide an initial information-theoretic analysis of the Allison mixture, and derive the autoinformation function of its sampling process as the first step towards a fuller information-theoretic analysis of its output.
Particle Based Inks for Inkjet Printing of Thin Catalytic Layers (2014)

We demonstrate that functional inks can be successfully and systematically formulated to obtain the required properties for printing Fe2O3-based photoelectrodes. The formulation of the ink as well as the parameters for the printing process can be varied within certain limits to adjust the properties of the electrodes. Characteristics of the formulation process and the printing process are comprehensively studied to estimate the potential of printing different dimensions and structures. For the examination of the photoelectrochemical properties, an optimized photoelectrode is fabricated applying inkjet printing.
Few-Shot Semantic Parsing with Language Models Trained On Code (2021)

Large language models can perform semantic parsing with little training data, when prompted with in-context examples. It has been shown that this can be improved by formulating the problem as paraphrasing into canonical utterances, which casts the underlying meaning representation into a controlled natural language-like representation. Intuitively, such models can more easily output canonical utterances as they are closer to the natural language used for pre-training. Recently, models also pre-trained on code, like OpenAI Codex, have risen in prominence. For semantic parsing tasks where we map natural language into code, such models may prove more adept at it. In this paper, we test this hypothesis and find that Codex performs better on such tasks than equivalent GPT-3 models. We evaluate on Overnight and SMCalFlow and find that unlike GPT-3, Codex performs similarly when targeting meaning representations directly, perhaps because meaning representations are structured similar to code in these datasets.
Ulysses observation of a noncoronal mass ejection flux rope: Evidence of interplanetary magnetic reconnection (1995)

A well‐defined, small‐scale (≈0.05 AU) magnetic flux rope was observed by Ulysses at about 5 AU in close proximity to a heat flux dropout (HFD) at the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). This magnetic flux rope is characterized by a rotation of the field in the plane approximately perpendicular to the ecliptic (and containing the Sun and the spacecraft) and with a magnetic field maximum centered near the inflection point of the bipolar signature. The edges of the flux rope are well defined by diamagnetic field minima. A bidirectional electron heat flux signature is coincident with the magnetic flux rope structure. The event occurred during a time of slightly increasing solar wind speed, suggesting that the field and plasma were locally compressed. Unlike most coronal mass ejections/magnetic clouds, this event is characterized by high proton temperatures and densities, high plasma beta, no significant alpha particle abundance increase, and a small radial size. We interpret these observations in terms of multiple magnetic reconnection of previously open field lines in interplanetary space at the HCS. Such reconnection produces a U‐shaped structure entirely disconnected from the Sun (which we associate with the HFD), a closed magnetic flux rope (which we associate with the counterstreaming electron event), and a closed magnetic loop or tongue connected back to the Sun at both ends. These observations suggest that magnetic reconnection, and its changes to magnetic field topology, can occur well beyond the solar corona in interplanetary space.
Aluminum cladding of high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> superconductor by thermocompression bonding (1988)

Thermocompression bonding of aluminum to YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) has been demonstrated. The superconductor is protected by a thin barrier layer of silver. The specific resistivity of the Al/Ag/YBCO interface was measured at 77 K as a function of current density and is below 3.2×10−5 Ω cm2 for electrode current densities of at least 400 A cm−2 . This technique provides a convenient means of cladding bulk superconducting ceramics with a strong, inexpensive, and highly conductive metal.
“Baby rattle” pelvis dysplasia (2001)

We report an apparently previously undescribed lethal skeletal dysplasia, clinically resembling achondrogenesis, but with distinct radiologic and chondro-osseous morphologic features. These comprise bifid distal ends of the long bones of the limbs, absent vertebral body ossification, a unique “baby rattle” pelvic configuration with tall and broad ilia, absent endochondral ossification, regions of mesenchymal cells within the resting cartilage, and abnormal mesenchymal ossification. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Five-MicroRNA Signature Predicts Survival and Disease Control of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Negative for HPV Infection (2018)

The five-miRNA signature is a strong and independent prognostic factor for disease recurrence and survival of patients with HPV-negative HNSCC.<i>See related commentary by Clump et al., p. 1441</i>.
Coronal alignment in total knee replacement (2014)

Substantial healthcare resources have been devoted to computer navigation and patient-specific instrumentation systems that improve the reproducibility with which neutral mechanical alignment can be achieved following total knee replacement (TKR). This choice of alignment is based on the long-held tenet that the alignment of the limb post-operatively should be within 3° of a neutral mechanical axis. Several recent studies have demonstrated no significant difference in survivorship when comparing well aligned versus malaligned TKRs. Our aim was to review the anatomical alignment of the knee, the historical and contemporary data on a neutral mechanical axis in TKR, and the feasibility of kinematically-aligned TKRs. Review of the literature suggests that a neutral mechanical axis remains the optimal guide to alignment.
Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling of Smart Composite With Peizoelectric Nitinol and MMC (2009)

In this paper, one smart composite involving nitinol, piezoelectric and MMC is modeled. This simulation covers all criteria in these advanced materials and theoretically solves the five-order equation. Furthermore, numerical sample is investigated and results have been explored. The results represent the relationship between natural frequency of the structure, temperature, the lateral deflection and martensite ratio of shape memory alloy. The results show nonlinearity response in dynamic motion in lower natural frequency and linear behavior in higher frequency. In this simulation, numerical approximation has been avoided.
Perturbation of multilayered structures of positive and negative index materials (2009)

In this work, we illustrate a framework that can model propagation through a dispersive, homogeneous periodic/quasiperiodic/ randomly perturbed, layer lengths in a multilayered structure of positive and negative index materials. We achieve this by using a transfer matrix-based multilayered approach. In the quasi-periodic case the layers lengths vary according to a predetermined function like a sinusoidal function for example. In the random case we use zero mean random variables as the perturbation around a nominal layer length of positive and negative index materials. We also use the trace of the transfer matrix to determine the limiting case of the transmittance when the number of periods become infinitely large, and determine the locations of the bandgaps in the multi-layered structure. This helps in reducing the calculations since only one unit cell is needed. Plane wave propagation is investigated, and aggregated transmittivity is calculated in the different cases. Finally we study wave localization in the randomly perturbed structure and compare it with the periodic case.
Error Analysis on Product Attribute Value Extraction (2016)

本稿では商品の属性値抽出タスクにおけるエラー分析のひとつの事例研究について報告する．具体的には，属性値辞書を用いた単純な辞書マッチに基づく属性値抽出システムを構築し，人手により属性値がアノテーションされたコーパスに対してシステムを適用することで明らかとなる False-positive, False-negative 事例の分析を行った．属性値辞書は商品説明文に含まれる表や箇条書きなどの半構造化データを解析することで得られる自動構築したものを用いた．エラー分析は実際のオンラインショッピングサイトで用いられている 5 つの商品カテゴリから抽出した 100 商品ページに対して行った．そして分析を通してボトムアップ的に各事例の分類を行ってエラーのカテゴリ化を試みた．本稿ではエラーカテゴリおよびその実例を示すだけでなく，誤り事例を無くすために必要な処理・データについても検討する．