gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetoencephalography of Epilepsy with a Microfabricated Atomic Magnetrode (2014)

Magnetoencephalography has long held the promise of providing a noninvasive tool for localizing epileptic seizures in humans because of its high spatial resolution compared with the scalp EEG. Yet, this promise has been elusive, not because of a lack of sensitivity or spatial resolution but because the large size and immobility of present cryogenic (superconducting) technology prevent long-term telemetry required to capture these very infrequent epileptiform events. To circumvent this limitation, we used Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems technology to construct a noncryogenic (room temperature) microfabricated atomic magnetometer ("magnetrode") based on laser spectroscopy of rubidium vapor and similar in size and flexibility to scalp EEG electrodes. We tested the magnetrode by measuring the magnetic signature of epileptiform discharges in a rat model of epilepsy. We were able to measure neuronal currents of single epileptic discharges and more subtle spontaneous brain activity with a high signal-to-noise ratio approaching that of present superconducting sensors. These measurements are a promising step toward the goal of high-resolution noninvasive telemetry of epileptic events in humans with seizure disorders.
Phase Transitions in Swollen Networks. 3. Swelling Behavior of Radiation Cross-Linked Poly(vinyl methyl ether) in Water (1998)

It is demonstrated that the collapse of gels of radiation cross-linked poly(vinyl methyl ether) swollen in water is a truly discontinuous process obeying classic thermodynamic principles. The phenomenon can further be shown to be related to the relevant type of limiting critical demixing of solutions of the corresponding non-cross-linked polymer. There are three such types, including “classic” ϑ behavior, and they can also be recognized in the swelling behavior of the cross-linked analogue.
Pyrrolodiazines. 2. Structure and Chemistry of Pyrrolo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyrazine and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Its Azomethine Ylides (1996)

A new synthesis of the pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine system from pyrrole is described. In light of the ab initio calculations carried out on this heterocyclic system some of its basic chemistry was investigated and included electrophilic substitution, addition of organolithium reagents, metalation with lithium diisopropylamide and subsequent reaction with electrophiles, and formation of salts by quaternization of the nonbridgehead nitrogen. N-ylides obtained from these salts undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with suitable dipolarophiles to give dipyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines, pyrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrrolo[2,1-c]pyrazines, and heterobetaines. Examples of intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions are also reported.
A Rat Model for the Evaluation of Small-Caliber Vascular Grafts (1997)

This article describes the development of a new experimental model using rats for the evaluation of small-caliber vascular grafts. By modifying heterotopic heart transplantation, two 1.5- to 2.0-cm long vascular prostheses were interposed between a syngeneic donor heart and the recipient abdominal vessels in the form of vascular bridges. Once blood flow through the vascular grafts was reestablished, the donor heart resumed normal beating. The status of the vascular grafts could be easily monitored by palpation. Occlusion of the grafts stopped donor heart beating without affecting survival of the animals. Once the surgical method was mastered, the postoperative mortality was approximately 10%, and the total procedure took less than 2 hours. Although microvascular surgical technique and equipment are required, this model has several advantages, including easy detection of thrombotic occlusion of the grafts, the use of small animals of defined genetic background, the absence of effect of graft occlusion on the recipient's life, and possible repeated operation on the same animal.
A Novel Hybrid Imaging System for Simultaneous Fluorescence Molecular Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2010)

An in vivo hybrid imaging system for simultaneous magnetic resonance and fluorescence molecular tomography imaging, providing adequate spatial resolution and quantification capabilities, is described. Imaging performance in vivo is demonstrated using a murine tumor model.
Role of finite layer thickness in spin polarization of GaAs two-dimensional electrons in strong parallel magnetic fields (2003)

We report measurements and calculations of the spin polarization, induced by a parallel magnetic field, of interacting, dilute, two-dimensional electron systems confined to GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The results reveal the crucial role the non-zero electron layer thickness plays: it causes a deformation of the energy surface in the presence of a parallel field, leading to enhanced values for the effective mass and g factor, and a nonlinear spin polarization with field.
Human movement augmentation and how to make it a reality (2021)

Augmenting the body with artificial limbs controlled concurrently to the natural limbs has long appeared in science fiction, but recent technological and neuroscientific advances have begun to make this vision possible. By allowing individuals to achieve otherwise impossible actions, this movement augmentation could revolutionize medical and industrial applications and profoundly change the way humans interact with their environment. Here, we construct a movement augmentation taxonomy through what is augmented and how it is achieved. With this framework, we analyze augmentation that extends the number of degrees-of-freedom, discuss critical features of effective augmentation such as physiological control signals, sensory feedback and learning, and propose a vision for the field.
Ego-Noise Suppression for Robots Based on Semi-Blind Infinite Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (2017)

[abstFig src='/00290001/11.jpg' width='300' text='Ego-noise suppression achieves speech recognition even during motion' ] This paper addresses ego-motion noise suppression for a robot. Many ego-motion noise suppression methods use motion information such as position, velocity, and the acceleration of each joint to infer ego-motion noise. However, such inferences are not reliable, since motion information and ego-motion noise are not always correlated. We propose a new framework for ego-motion noise suppression based on single channel processing using only acoustic signals captured with a microphone. In the proposed framework, ego-motion noise features and their numbers are automatically estimated in advance from an ego-motion noise input using Infinite Non-negative Matrix Factorization (INMF), which is a non-parametric Bayesian model that does not use explicit motion information. After that, the proposed Semi-Blind INMF (SB-INMF) is applied to an input signal that consists of both the target and ego-motion noise signals. Ego-motion noise features, which are obtained with INMF, are used as inputs to the SB-INMF, and are treated as the fixed features for extracting the target signal. Finally, the target signal is extracted with SB-INMF using these newly-estimated features. The proposed framework was applied to ego-motion noise suppression on two types of humanoid robots. Experimental results showed that ego-motion noise was effectively and efficiently suppressed in terms of both signal-to-noise ratio and performance of automatic speech recognition compared to a conventional template-based ego-motion noise suppression method using motion information. Thus, the proposed method worked properly on a robot without a motion information interface. * * This work is an extension of our publication “Taiki Tezuka, Takami Yoshida, Kazuhiro Nakadai: Ego-motion noise suppression for robots based on Semi-Blind Infinite Non-negative Matrix Factorization, ICRA 2014, pp.6293-6298, 2014.”
X-ray Structures of a Designed Binding Site in Trypsin Show Metal-Dependent Geometry<sup>,</sup> (1996)

The three-dimensional structures of complexes of trypsin N143H, E151H bound to ecotin A86H are determined at 2.0 A resolution via X-ray crystallography in the absence and presence of the transition metals Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+. The binding site for these transition metals was constructed by substitution of key amino acids with histidine at the trypsin-ecotin interface in the S2'/P2' pocket. Three histidine side chains, two on trypsin at positions 143 and 151 and one on ecotin at position 86, anchor the metals and provide extended catalytic recognition for substrates with His in the P2' pocket. Comparisons of the three-dimensional structures show the different geometries that result upon the binding of metal in the engineered tridentate site and suggest a structural basis for the kinetics of the metal-regulated catalysis. Of the three metals, the binding of zinc results in the most favorable binding geometry, not dissimilar to those observed in naturally occurring zinc binding proteins.
A Model for Chronic Osteomyelitis Using Staphylococcus aureus in Goats (2005)

Animal models of osteomyelitis traditionally have been characterized by inherent weaknesses related to animal size, differences in clinical findings compared with humans, aggressive behavior, high complication rate, and high cost. In this experiment, a model of tibial osteomyelitis was established in 28 goats with a very low complication rate and a consistent clinical, radiographic, and histologic disease course. The infecting Staphylococcus aureus organism was isolated in all but five of 28 animals (82%), in which there was no growth of bacteria at 24 and 72 hours. All five of these specimens had histologic evidence of osteomyelitis. Twenty-seven of the 28 animals (96%) had radiographic and histologic evidence of osteomyelitis. Clinical progression of the disease was observed by draining wounds, a postoperative limp that subsided in all goats, and varied periods of anorexia despite an average increase in body weight. There were no complications or mortalities related to the establishment of the animal model. This large animal model will provide a practical method of studying osteomyelitis and comparing treatment protocols.
Relationship between psoriasis severity, clinical symptoms, quality of life and work productivity among patients in the USA (2016)

Patients with more severe psoriasis experienced more severe symptoms and had a greater reduction in QoL and work productivity. It is important that physicians recognize the impact of severe disease on patients' lives and take steps to address this.
Digital and Competition #4 Business angels, VC and CVC : What role for antitrust and regulatory policy ? & Fireside Chat (2021)

4eme webinaire de la conference « Numerique et concurrence 2021 » organise par Concurrences, en partenariat avec Analysis Group, Gide Loyrette Nouel et White & Case. Panel avec Benedict Evans…
Optimisation Géométrique d'une Machine à Commutation de Flux à Aimants Permanents en utilisant un Modèle Analytique Magnéto-Acoustique (2014)

Cet article présente les résultats d'une optimisation de la géométrie des Machines à Commutation de Flux à Aimants Permanents (MCF-AP) basée sur des critères multi-physiques magnéto-acoustiques en utilisant un modèle entièrement analytique visant à prédire le fonctionnement magnétique, mécanique et acoustique de ces structures. L'optimisation est réalisée sur une structure triphasée 12/10 et sur une structure pentaphasée 20/18 pour une alimentation et une vitesse donnés. Le modèle analytique, présenté et validé expérimentalement, permet un gain de temps non négligeable dans la prédiction des phénomènes magnéto-acoustiques en comparaison d'un modèle éléments finis et permet naturellement son implémentation dans un algorithme d'optimisation.
Leucyl-leucine methyl ester treatment of donor cells permits establishment of immunocompetent parent ➞ F1 chimeras that are selectively tolerant of host alloantigens. (1987)

Treatment of murine lymphocytes with L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-Leu-OMe) selectively removes natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors, and the capacity to cause lethal graft-vs-host disease, whereas bone marrow stem cell function and alloantigen-induced L3T4+ T helper function remains intact. The present studies assess the immunocompetence of allogeneic bone marrow chimeras established by reconstituting irradiated (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 (B6D2F1) mice with Leu-Leu-OMe-treated C57BL/6 (B6) bone marrow and spleen cells. Spleen cells from such chimeras were found to have normal B and T cell mitogenic responses. Furthermore, levels of natural-killer cell function were comparable to those observed in B6----B6 syngeneic radiation chimeras established without Leu-Leu-OMe treatment of donor cells. Spleen cells from B6----B6D2F1 mice were identical with B6----B6 or B6 mice in allostimulatory capacity and thus contained no discernible cells of non-H-2b phenotype. Whereas B6----B6D2F1 spleen cells demonstrated alloproliferative and allocytotoxic responses toward H-2k bearing spleen cells, no H-2d specific proliferative or cytotoxic responses could be elicited. B6----B6D2F1 spleen cells did not suppress the generation of anti-H-2d or anti-H-2k proliferative or cytotoxic responses from control B6 spleen cells. Furthermore, addition of rat concanavalin A supernatants did not reconstitute anti-H-2d responses of B6----B6D2F1 chimeric spleen cells. Thus, Leu-Leu-OMe treatment of B6 donor cells not only prevents lethal graft-vs-host disease, but also permits establishment of long-lived parent----F1 chimeras that are selectively tolerant of host H-2 disparate alloantigens, but fully immunocompetent with respect to natural killer cell function, B and T cell mitogenesis, and anti-third party alloresponsiveness.
Achieving High Quality in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care (2012)

Management of acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI) remains a challenge for academic institutions. There are numerous factors at play from the time electrocardiogram is obtained to the time the patient arrives to a catheterization laboratory and the balloon is inflated. Academic hospitals that are located in large urban centers have to deal with staff living long distances from the facility, and therefore, assembling the catheterization team after-hours and on the weekends becomes a difficult task to achieve. There are other factors that contribute to time delays, such as, administering electrocardiograms in timely fashion, having emergency physicians activate the catheterization team, instead of contacting the cardiologist to discuss the case, and other time-sensitive factors. All of the aforementioned issues contribute to the delay. Yet, primary percutaneous coronary intervention is clearly demonstrated as the modality of choice in treatment of STEMI, which improves patient's morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is imperative that institutions do all they can to improve their protocols and meet the core measures in the treatment of STEMI patients, including the door-to-balloon time of less than 90 minutes. Our institution started a quality improvement program for STEMI care in 1993 and has showed progressive improvement in use of aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and other medication, culminating in 95% to 100% use of these medications in 2003-2004, when we operated in accordance with the Get With The Guidelines program. Door-to-balloon time in less than 90 minutes became a new phase in our quality improvement process, and we achieved 100% compliance in the last 2 years.
Application of Stochastic Automata Networks for Creation of Continuous Time Markov Chain Models of Voltage Gating of Gap Junction Channels (2015)

The primary goal of this work was to study advantages of numerical methods used for the creation of continuous time Markov chain models (CTMC) of voltage gating of gap junction (GJ) channels composed of connexin protein. This task was accomplished by describing gating of GJs using the formalism of the stochastic automata networks (SANs), which allowed for very efficient building and storing of infinitesimal generator of the CTMC that allowed to produce matrices of the models containing a distinct block structure. All of that allowed us to develop efficient numerical methods for a steady-state solution of CTMC models. This allowed us to accelerate CPU time, which is necessary to solve CTMC models, ~20 times.
Presentation: Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism, Presentation (2002)

Introduction: Bioterrorism has been in the news and on the minds of the American public a lot these days. Biological weapons are cheap to make and easy to conceal. They have been of little military significance thus far but of tremendous value from a propaganda perspective, making them ideal for terrorism. Researchers at universities around the country are busy working on ways to combat these toxins. A promising cure for anthrax, the disease now synonymous with bioterrorism, is being developed by biochemical engineers and chemists at The University of Texas at Austin.

This lecture will briefly discuss the use of biological weapons throughout history, but will focus on anthrax and the research being performed at the University of Texas based on powerful antibodies that could provide a treatment for even late stage anthrax infections.
Security for Mobile Operators in Practice (2013)

Mobile operators are organizations that have to manage a great amount of critical information, including legal sensitive subscriber data. A number of assessment projects on the infrastructures of major mobile operators, revealed a number of vulnerabilities that if exploited may lead to important business impact. The scope of this paper is to publish these vulnerabilities towards the enhancement of security and privacy of mobile operators. A threat model was created, according to which countermeasures tailored to the specific environment of a mobile operator are proposed.
Risk factors for revision of primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review (2012)

This systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2010 identified a range of demographic, clinical, surgical, implant, and provider variables associated with the risk of revision following primary THA. These findings can inform discussions between surgeons and patients relating to the risks and benefits of undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
Three-dimensional ultrasound for monitoring knee inflammation and cartilage damage in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (2020)

The most common chronic inflammatory and chronic joint diseases in Canada are rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) respectively. The current methods for monitoring the development of these diseases and their response to treatment involve acquiring x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and comparing the results to the patient’s symptoms during examination. However, x-ray imaging is associated with difficulties when trying to interpret 3D anatomy, and MRI is associated with high operating costs, long waitlists, long scan times, and is inaccessible to mobility-impaired patients. Our solution to these limitations is the use of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) imaging for providing bedside monitoring of RA and OA progression and their response to treatment. This project validates two 3D US acquisition devices: tilt acquisition and linear acquisition scanning methods. The linear and volumetric measurement capabilities were validated through scanning phantoms and segmenting resulting images at repeated time points. A proof-of-concept volunteer scan was conducted to compare the capabilities of 3D US against MRI for measuring articular cartilage volumes. Results indicated that the linear measurement errors for both the tilt and linear scanners were &lt;5% of the known phantom dimensions. The volumetric measurement errors were &lt;5% for the linear scanner and &gt;10% (29.84%) for the tilt scanner. The percent difference between the volumes of the articular cartilage measured using 3D US and MRI of a healthy volunteer’s knee was 6.46%. The linear scanner is therefore better suited for clinical scanning than the tilt scanner due to its smaller linear and volumetric errors.
Adaptive Space-Polarization MIMO Testbed (2014)

A wideband 4×4 adaptive space-polarization multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications test bed has been developed at the University of Notre Dame for the evaluation of adaptive space-polarization MIMO communications in emulated space-polarization MIMO channels. The test bed incorporates baseband generators with adaptive precoding, a 4×4 MIMO channel emulation system, RF up-converters, a multi-channel coherent receiver, and a host computer. This paper describes the capabilities and flexibility of the powerful test bed to evaluate MIMO system performance. The test bed allows arbitrary transmitted signals to be propagated through emulated physical channels using up to 4×4 MIMO configurations, and channel state information at the transmitter can be leveraged to investigate the impact of precoding. Signal processing and system control are performed directly from a MATLAB environment allowing for rapid and modular system developments with minimum effort.
A CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION MODEL FOR THE FILTRATE FLUX IN CROSS-FLOW MICROFILTRATION OF PARTICULATE SUSPENSIONS (1986)

Cross-flow filtration with microporous membranes is increasingly used in the separation and concentration of particulate suspensions. Existing models for the filtrate flux are inadequate for correlating experimental observations and are based on contradictory physical mechanisms. We propose that the flux is limited by the formation of a dynamic concentration polarization boundary layer consisting of a high concentration of retained particles. A simple model is developed incorporating a shear-enhanced diffusivity of the large particles which arises from mutually induced velocity fields in the shear flow of the concentrated suspension. Predictions of the model agree well with experimental data for a variety of particulate suspensions. The model provides both a fundamental understanding of the physical phenomena governing flux and a rational basis for design of improved cross-flow filters.
Drug Nanoparticles by Antisolvent Precipitation:  Mixing Energy versus Surfactant Stabilization (2006)

Organic itraconazole (ITZ) solutions were mixed with aqueous solutions to precipitate sub-300 nm particles over a wide range of energy dissipation rates, even for drug loadings as high as 86% (ITZ weight/total weight). The small particle sizes were produced with the stabilizer poloxamer 407, which lowered the interfacial tension, increasing the nucleation rate while inhibiting growth by coagulation and condensation. The highest nucleation rates and slowest growth rates were found at temperatures below 20 degrees C and increased with surfactant concentration and Reynolds number (Re). This increase in the time scale for growth reduced the Damkohler number (Da) (mixing time/precipitation time) to low values even for modest mixing energies. As the stabilizer concentration increased, the average particle size decreased and reached a threshold where Da may be considered to be unity. Da was maintained at a low value by compensating for a change in one variable away from optimum conditions (for small particles) by manipulating another variable. This tradeoff in compensation variables was demonstrated for organic flow rate vs Re, Re vs stabilizer concentration, stabilizer feed location (organic phase vs aqueous phase) vs stabilizer concentration, and stabilizer feed location vs Re. A decrease in the nucleation rate with particle density in the aqueous suspension indicated that secondary nucleation was minimal. A fundamental understanding of particle size control in antisolvent precipitation is beneficial for designing mixing systems and surfactant stabilizers for forming nanoparticles of poorly water soluble drugs with the potential for high dissolution rates.