gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interstitial lung abnormalities in treatment-naive advanced NSCLC patients (pts): Prevalence and impact on survival. (2014)

e19030 Background: Interstitial lung diseases are associated with increased risk of lung cancer. A radiographic scoring method of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) on CT was previously reported, which categorizes the degree of ILA into 4 groups [NEJM 2011;364:897-906]. We investigated the prevalence of ILA at the time of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC, and studied the association between ILA and overall survival (OS). Methods: The study included 120 treatment-naive stage IV NSCLC pts (53 males, 67 females; median age 64 yrs) who presented at DFCI between 8/2011 and 7/2012 and had baseline chest CT prior to the initiation of systemic therapy available for review. ILA was scored on baseline CT with a 4-point scale [0=no evidence of ILA, 1= equivocal for ILA, 2= suspicious for ILA, 3=ILA] using a sequential reading method as previously reported. ILA scores of 2 or 3 were considered to indicate the presence of ILA. Association between ILA scores vs. OS was studied. Results: ILA was present in 17 pts (14%) at diagnosis of advanced NSCLC (score 3 in 2 pts, score 2 in 15 pts). These 17 pts with ILA were significantly older (median age: 69 vs. 63 yrs, Wilcoxon p=0.04) and had a heavier smoking history (median: 40 vs. 15.5 pack-year, Wilcoxon p=0.003). Among the 4 groups of ILA, higher ILA scores were associated with shorter OS (log-rank p=0.001; Table). Median OS of the 17 pts with ILA was 7.2 mos [95%CI: 2.9-9.4] compared to 14.8 mos [95%CI: 11.1-18.4] in pts with ILA score 0 or 1 (log-rank p=0.002). In a multivariate model, the presence of ILA remained significant for increased risk for death (HR=2.09, p=0.028) after adjusting for the first-line systemic therapy (chemotherapy, p<0.001; TKI, p<0.001; each compared to no therapy) and pack years of smoking (p=0.40). Other variables were excluded because they were insignificant and not thought to be confounders. Conclusions: Radiographic ILA was present in 14% of treatment-naïve advanced NSCLC pts. Higher ILA scores were associated with shorter OS among stage IV NSCLC pts, indicating that ILA could be an additional marker of survival in advanced NSCLC. Further studies are needed to validate this finding. ILA score 0 (n=51) 1 (n=52) 2 (n=15) 3 (n=2) Median OS (mos) 18.2 12.3 7.7 4.7 (p=0.001)
Patient-reported Outcomes for Multicentric Castleman’s Disease in a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study of Siltuximab (2015)

Patients with MCD commonly report impairments in functioning, wellbeing, and fatigue at baseline. Siltuximab-treated patients reported significant improvements in these outcomes after treatment.
Characterization and Cellular Uptake of Peptides Derived from <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion of Meat Analogues Produced by a Sustainable Extrusion Process (2022)

Whether proteins in meat analogues (MAs) have the ability to provide equivalent nutrition as those in animal meat remains unknown. Herein, a MA was produced by high-moisture extrusion using soy and wheat proteins. The physicochemical properties, <i>in vitro</i> digestion, and cellular uptake of the released peptides were systematically compared between the MA and the chicken breast (CB). The MA showed a higher hardness but a lower degree of texturization than the CB. After simulated digestion, soluble peptides in the MA had a higher molecular weight and higher hydrophobicity. No observable cytotoxicity or inflammatory response to Caco-2 cells was found for both MA and CB digests. The former exhibited less permeability of peptides across Caco-2 cells. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry found that the identified peptides in MA and CB digests contained 7-30 and 7-20 amino acid residues, respectively, and they became shorter after cellular transportation. The amino acid composition showed fewer essential and non-essential amino acids in the MA permeate than in the CB permeate.
Easy Access to a Family of Polymer Catalysts from Modular Star Polymers (2010)

We report a versatile and scalable synthesis of a water-dispersible modular star polymer platform with an enzyme-inspired hydrophobic interior. The cores of the stars can be functionalized at will, independently from the modification of the polymer structure. We explored the use of this material for the creation of a local hydrophobic solvent environment in water and for site isolation of incompatible catalytic entities.
Machine Learning-Driven Drug Discovery: Prediction of Structure-Cytotoxicity Correlation Leads to Identification of Potential Anti-Leukemia Compounds (2020)

In vitro cytotoxicity screening is a crucial step of anticancer drug discovery. The application of deep learning methodology is gaining increasing attentions in processing drug screening data and studying anticancer mechanisms of chemical compounds. In this work, we explored the utilization of convolutional neural network in modeling the anticancer efficacy of small molecules. In particular, we presented a VGG19 model trained on 2D structural formulae to predict the growth-inhibitory effects of compounds against leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM, without any use of chemical descriptors. The model achieved a normalized RMSE of 15.76% on predicting growth inhibition and a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of 0.72 between predicted and experimental data, demonstrating a strong predictive power in this task. Furthermore, we implemented the Layer-wise Relevance Propagation technique to interpret the network and visualize the chemical groups predicted by the model that contribute to toxicity with human-readable representations.Clinical relevance-This work predicts the cytotoxicity of chemical compounds against human leukemic lymphoblast CCRF-CEM cell lines on a continuous scale, which only requires 2D images of the structural formulae of the compounds as inputs. Knowledge in the structure-toxicity relationship of small molecules will potentially increase the hit rate of primary drug screening assays.
<i>MIF</i>(Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor) Promoter Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Severe Malarial Anemia (2009)

The findings demonstrate that variation in the MIF promoter influences susceptibility to SMA and peripheral MIF production. However, the MIF -173 and -794 polymorphisms appear to have both independent and interactive effects on different measures of disease severity, suggesting that MIF plays a complex role in malarial pathogenesis.
Data Supplement from The lncRNA &lt;i&gt;PCAT29&lt;/i&gt; Inhibits Oncogenic Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2. Positive and negative correlations.&lt;/p&gt;
Triarylethene-Based Extended π-Systems:  Programmable Synthesis and Photophysical Properties (2005)

[reaction: see text] On the basis of an efficient Pd-catalyzed triarylation to a vinylsilane platform, four types of structurally well-defined triarylethene-based extended pi-systems have been prepared very rapidly. From a compound library constructed by the present method, it was possible to find a number of interesting fluorescent materials, as well as interesting fluorescent properties such as aggregation-induced enhanced emission. A useful method for the rapid synthesis and property evaluation has also been developed.
On the Consistency of <i>k</i>-means++ algorithm (2020)

We prove in this paper that the expected value of the objective function of the k-means++ algorithm for samples converges to population expected value. As k-means++, for samples, provides with constant factor approximation for k-means objectives, such an approximation can be achieved for the population with increase of the sample size. This result is of potential practical relevance when one is considering using subsampling when clustering large data sets (large data bases).
Reversible Read-Write-Erase Properties of Styrene Oligomer Optical Recording Media (1983)

Optical recording media consisting of a thermoplastic oligomer resin blended with a photoabsorbing pigment permit heat-mode pit writing without corona discharge, as well as heat erasure and rewriting. The properties of recording layers consisting of styrene oligomers having number-average molecular weights ( M n ) of 400 or 3000 blended with copper phthalocyanine or anthraquinone pigment, when subjected to recording and playback operations with a helium-neon (He–Ne) laser, are investigated. In addition, full-surface heat erasure, and scanning heat erasure are discussed. Pits with an outside diameter of 2.5 µm were recorded (writing time, 2 µsec) with a 10 mW He–Ne laser light. A readout signal contrast (ratio of reflected light intensity in the absence of pits to that in the presence of pits) of 3 was obtained.
Polymer electrolyte membranes based on blends of sulfonated polysulfone and PEO‐grafted polyethersulfone for low temperature water electrolysis (2013)

ABSTRACT Polymer electrolyte membranes based on blends consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO) grafted polyether sulfone (PES‐ g ‐PEO) and sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF(Na)) are prepared and their electrochemical and mechanical properties are investigated with respect to water electrolysis operation. The prepared blends are amorphous; they exhibit high glass transition temperatures and high thermal stability, thus ensuring the dimensional stability under electrolysis cell operation. Because of the presence of the water soluble constituent PES‐ g ‐PEO, the prepared blend membranes show very high water uptakes, reaching up to 370 wt %. Membrane electrode assemblies are fabricated and evaluated in single cells demonstrating that proton conductivity depends on the PEO‐ g ‐PES content as well as the PEO molecular weight. Namely, the increased concentration of PES‐ g ‐PEO leads to increased number of charge carriers, thus result in enhanced ionic conductivity. The use of longer PEO units (MW 5000), due to their improved chain mobility, facilitates the fast proton conduction as well. The maximum proton conductivity value is achieved (1.4 × 10 −2 S cm −1 , 80°C) for the blend with the higher PEO‐ g ‐PES content (20 wt %) and the higher PEO molecular weight (5000). Under electrolysis cell operation, the above‐mentioned membrane with the lower ohmic resistance shows the best performance, although it is still poor mainly due to the use of Pt as anode. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39922.
Metacognitive Therapy for Individuals at High Risk of Developing Psychosis: A Pilot Study (2020)

Developing effective interventions for preventing first episode psychosis have been an important research focus in the last decade. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a currently indicated treatment for people at ultra-high risk of psychosis, however, access and resource issues limit its delivery within the NHS. Treatments which partial out potential active ingredients and are aimed at a range of psychological difficulties seen within this population have the potential to be more efficacious and efficient. We conducted a single-arm exploratory pilot trial, designed to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of Metacognitive therapy for individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis. Trial uptake was good, with 11 out of 12 referred individuals meeting for an eligibility assessment (one individual was excluded prior to the assessment). Of these, 10 individuals were eligible and included in the trial. Retention to treatment was high with 80% treatment adherence gained and an overall average of 8 sessions completed. All participants were offered follow-up assessments immediately post-treatment and at 6 months, which comprised measures of psychotic like experiences, anxiety and depression, and metacognitive processes implicated in the model. Retention to the post-treatment (12-week) follow-up was good, with 80% completion; however retention to the 6-month follow-up was lower at 60%. Clinically significant results were observed in psychotic like experiences, anxiety, depression and functioning with medium to large effect sizes. Measures related to beliefs and processes targeted within MCT showed clinically significant change with medium to large effect sizes. Our results suggest that MCT based upon a specific metacognitive model for individuals meeting ARMS criteria may be an important treatment target and warrants further attention. Limitations and possible focuses for future research are discussed. <b>Registration:</b> ISRCTN53190465 http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN53190465.
Demo abstract: Clock syntonization using CFO information in Wireless Sensor Networks (2017)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require accurate and energy-efficient clock synchronization for data fusion and other tasks. Clock frequency synchronization, also known as clock syntonization, aims to eliminate the frequency differences among nodes resulted from inherent inaccuracy of clocks. A protocol for syntonization of wireless sensor nodes is introduced in this demo. It is demonstrated that carrier frequency offset (CFO) can be utilized in CFO assisted syntonization (CFOSynt) to improve clock skew estimation, which benefits the energy efficiency and accuracy of clock syntonization. We use a commercial off-the-shelf platform to demonstrate the effectiveness of CFOSynt on common sensor nodes. The protocol exploits CFO from radio chip, estimates the hardware system clock skew and subsequently corrects the clock skew of the logical system clock.
Inspecting Traffic in Residential Networks with Opportunistically Outsourced Middleboxes (2023)

Home networks lack the powerful security tools and trained personnel available in enterprise networks. This complicates efforts to address security risks in residential settings. While prior efforts explore outsourcing network traffic to cloud or cloudlet services, such an approach exposes that network traffic to a third party, which introduces privacy risks, particularly where traffic is decrypted (e.g., using Transport Layer Security Inspection (TLSI)). To enable security screening locally, home networks could introduce new physical hardware, but the capital and deployment costs may impede deployment. In this work, we explore a system to leverage existing available devices, such as smartphones, tablets and laptops, already inside a home network to create a platform for traffic inspection. This software-based solution avoids new hardware deployment and allows decryption of traffic without risk of new third parties. Our investigation compares on-router inspection of traffic with an approach using that same router to direct traffic through smartphones in the local network. Our performance evaluation shows that smartphone middleboxes can substantially increase the throughput of communication from around 10 Mbps in the on-router case to around 90 Mbps when smartphones are used. This approach increases CPU usage at the router by around 15%, with a 20% CPU usage increase on a smartphone (with single core processing). The network packet latency increases by about 120 milliseconds.
Broadcast Channel Games: Equilibrium Characterization and a MIMO MAC-BC Game Duality (2013)

The emergence of heterogeneous decentralized networks without a central controller, such as device-to-device communication systems, has created the need for new problem frameworks to design and analyze the performance of such networks. As a key step towards such an analysis for general networks, this paper examines the strategic behavior of \emph{receivers} in a Gaussian broadcast channel (BC) and \emph{transmitters} in a multiple access channel (MAC) with sum power constraints (sum power MAC) using the framework of non-cooperative game theory. These signaling scenarios are modeled as generalized Nash equilibrium problems (GNEPs) with jointly convex and coupled constraints and the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium achieving strategies and equilibrium utilities are characterized for both the Gaussian BC and the sum power MAC. The relationship between Pareto-optimal boundary points of the capacity region and the generalized Nash equilibria (GNEs) are derived for the several special cases and in all these cases it is shown that all the GNEs are Pareto-optimal, demonstrating that there is no loss in efficiency when players adopt strategic behavior in these scenarios. Several key equivalence relations are derived and used to demonstrate a game-theoretic duality between the Gaussian MAC and the Gaussian BC. This duality allows a parametrized computation of the equilibria of the BC in terms of the equilibria of the MAC and paves the way to translate several MAC results to the dual BC scenario.
Interface States in 4H- and 6H-SiC MOS Capacitors: A Comparative Study between Conductance Spectroscopy and Thermal Dielectric Relaxation Current Technique (2009)

The purpose of this work is to compare the density of shallow interface states (Dit) at the interface of SiO2/SiC MOS capacitors as deducted by the conductance spectroscopy (CS) and thermally dielectric relaxation current (TDRC) techniques. Both capacitors of 4H- and 6H-SiC (n-type) are investigated, and both ordinary dry oxidation and an improved industrial procedure have been employed. The two techniques are found to give rather good agreement for interface states located ≥0.3 eV below the conduction band edge (Ec) while for more shallow states vastly different distributions of Dit are obtained. Different reasons for these contradictory results are discussed, such as strong temperature and energy dependence of the capture cross section of the shallow interface states.
Direct Proof of Endo-Epicardial Asynchrony of the Atrial Wall During Atrial Fibrillation in Humans (2016)

We provided the first evidence for asynchronous activation of the endo-epicardial wall during AF in humans. Endo-epicardial asynchrony may play a major role in the pathophysiology of AF and may offer an explanation why in some patients therapy fails.
Between-Tactor Display Using Dynamic Tactile Stimuli (2022)

Display of illusory vibration locations between physical vibrotactile motors (tactors) placed on the skin has the potential to reduce the number of tactors in distributed tactile displays. This paper presents a between-tactor display method that uses dynamic tactile stimuli to generate illusory vibration locations. A belt with only 6 vibration motors displays 24 targets consisting of on-tactor and between-tactor locations. On-tactor locations are represented by simply vibrating the relevant single tactor. Between-tactor locations are displayed by adjusting the relative vibration amplitudes of two adjacent motors, with either (1) constant vibration amplitudes or (2) perturbed vibration amplitudes (creating local illusory motion). User testing showed that perturbations improve recognition accuracy for in-between tactor localization.
Fine tuning of nanopipettes using atomic layer deposition for single molecule sensing (2015)

Nanopipettes are an attractive single-molecule tool for identification and characterisation of nucleic acids and proteins in solutions. They enable label-free analysis and reveal individual molecular properties, which are generally masked by ensemble averaging. Having control over the pore dimensions is vital to ensure that the dimensions of the molecules being probed match those of the pore for optimization of the signal to noise. Although nanopipettes are simple and easy to fabricate, challenges exist, especially when compared to more conventional solid-state analogues. For example, a sub-20 nm pore diameter can be difficult to fabricate and the batch-to-batch reproducibility is often poor. To improve on this limitation, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit ultrathin layers of alumina (Al2O3) on the surface of the quartz nanopipettes enabling sub-nm tuning of the pore dimensions. Here, Al2O3 with a thickness of 8, 14 and 17 nm was deposited onto pipettes with a starting pore diameter of 75 ± 5 nm whilst a second batch had 5 and 8 nm Al2O3 deposited with a starting pore diameter of 25 ± 3 nm respectively. This highly conformal process coats both the inner and outer surfaces of pipettes and resulted in the fabrication of pore diameters as low as 7.5 nm. We show that Al2O3 modified pores do not interfere with the sensing ability of the nanopipettes and can be used for high signal-to-noise DNA detection. ALD provides a quick and efficient (batch processing) for fine-tuning nanopipettes for a broad range of applications including the detection of small biomolecules like RNA, aptamers and DNA-protein interactions at the single molecule level.
Stock Market Wealth, Housing Market Wealth, Spending and Consumption (2001)

We examine the link between increases in housing wealth, financial wealth, and consumer spending. We rely upon a panel of 14 countries observed annually for various periods during the past 25 years and a panel of U.S. states observed quarterly during the 1980s and 1990s. We impute the aggregate value of owner-occupied housing, the value of financial assets, and measures of aggregate consumption for each of the geographic units over time. We estimate regressions relating consumption to income and wealth measures, finding a statistically significant and rather large effect of housing wealth upon household consumption.
Customer-Category Interest Model: A Graph-Based Collaborative Filtering Model with Applications in Finance (2022)

The financial domain naturally contains multiple different types of entities such as stocks, product categories, investment participants, intermediaries, and customers, and interactions between these entities. This paper introduces a Graph-based Collaborative Filtering Category Recommendation (GCFCR) system as a first step in modelling the financial domain as an inter-connected, heterogeneous, dynamic system of nodes and edges. The goal of this paper is to identify customer interest based on the neighborhood of each node and make personalized suggestions or identify relevant content for each customer. Matching relevant products and services to customers is a key foundation of building and maintaining strong customer relationships, facilitating more personalized marketing which can ultimately result in increased customer activity, trust, and revenue. In this paper, we run a set of experiments to compare different recommendation techniques, concluding that the proposed GCFCR approach outperforms in this real-life application.
&lt;title&gt;Penalty function method for sidelobe control in least-squares adaptive beam forming&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

The weights required to maximize the SNR for array processing are well known and used extensively. However, in realistic situations it is often desirable to consider other factors. A common problem is the reduction of sidelobe jitter and sidelobe suppression while simultaneously maximizing SNR. In this paper we discuss a penalty function approach which can be used to satisfy all of these requirements by constraining a beampattern to lie arbitrarily close to a desired or quiescent beampattern and also satisfy a conventional look direction gain constraint. By a simple transformation it is possible to show how, in certain situations of physical interest, the method is equivalent to constraining the weight vector itself. We show how this method can be used for linear array and how the performance is affected by varying a user defined parameter. We conclude by showing how the method can envisaged as being equivalent to both a subspace projection technique and to diagonal loading with an extra quiescent constraint.