gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal serial bus powered and controlled isolated constant-current physiological stimulator (2008)

We have developed a compact, isolated, physiological, constant-current stimulator that is powered and controlled by a universal serial bus (USB) interface. The stimulator is designed to be used in ex vivo cardiac experiments but is suitable for a wide variety of settings. The cost and features compare very favorably with commercial stimulators usually used in research and student laboratories. In addition to being USB powered, other novel aspects of our stimulator include the ability to produce large currents, up to 100 mA through a typical 1 kOmega load, by means of a single high-voltage dc-to-dc converter; user-specified variable period, magnitude, and duration of complex monophasic or biphasic sequences; and easy integration via hardware or software into existing experimental setups.
BslA, the S‐layer adhesin of <i>B. anthracis</i>, is a virulence factor for anthrax pathogenesis (2009)

Microbial pathogens use adhesive surface proteins to bind to and interact with host tissues, events that are universal for the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. A surface adhesin of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, required to mediate these steps has not been discovered. Previous work identified BslA, an S-layer protein, to be necessary and sufficient for adhesion of the anthrax vaccine strain, Bacillus anthracis Sterne, to host cells. Here we asked whether encapsulated bacilli require BslA for anthrax pathogenesis in guinea pigs. Compared with the highly virulent parent strain B. anthracis Ames, bslA mutants displayed a dramatic increase in the lethal dose and in mean time-to-death. Whereas all tissues of animals infected with B. anthracis Ames contained high numbers of bacilli, only few vegetative forms could be recovered from internal organs of animals infected with the bslA mutant. Surface display of BslA occurred at the poles of encapsulated bacilli and enabled the binding of vegetative forms to host cells. Together these results suggest that BslA functions as the surface adhesin of the anthrax pathogen B. anthracis strain Ames.
Spectrum Matching in Licensed Spectrum Sharing (2018)

Spectrum sharing is one of the promising solutions to meet the spectrum demand in 5G networks that results from the emerging services like machine to machine and vehicle to infrastructure communication. The idea is to allow a set of entities access the spectrum whenever and wherever it is unused by the licensed users. In the proposed framework, different spectrum provider (SP) networks with surplus spectrum available may rank the operators requiring the spectrum, called spectrum users (SUs) hereafter, differently in terms of their preference to lease spectrum, based for example on target business market considerations of the SUs. Similarly, SUs rank SPs depending on a number of criteria, for example based on coverage and availability in a service area. Ideally, both SPs and SUs prefer to provide/get spectrum to/from the operator of their first choice, but this is not necessarily always possible due to conflicting preferences. We apply matching theory algorithms with the aim to resolve the conflicting preferences of the SPs and SUs and quantify the effect of the proposed matching theory approach on establishing preferred (spectrum) provider-user network pairs. We discuss both one-to-one and many-to-one spectrum sharing scenarios and evaluate the performance using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that comprehensive gains in terms of preferred matching of the provider-user network pairs can be achieved by applying matching theory for spectrum sharing as compared to uncoordinated spectrum allocation of the available spectrum to the SUs.
Peritransplant Serum Albumin Decline Predicts Subsequent Severe Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease after Mucotoxic Myeloablative Conditioning (2016)

Conditioning-related gut toxicity can result in a protein-losing enteropathy manifesting as a decline in serum albumin in the peritransplant period. Inspired by the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), we hypothesized that the magnitude of decline in serum albumin from the day of conditioning initiation until its nadir in the first 2 weeks after hematopoietic cell transplantation HCT (DeltaAlb) predicts the risk for subsequent severe aGVHD. We reviewed the medical records of all 88 patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent highly mucotoxic myeloablative (busulfan/cyclophosphamide or cyclophosphamide/total body irradiation) allogeneic HCT from a matched related donor (MRD) or matched unrelated donor (MUD) at our institution between January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2015. Severe aGVHD was associated with MUD (47% versus 14% with MRD; P = .001) and DeltaAlb, which was significantly greater among patients who developed versus did not develop severe aGVHD (1.2 ± .5 versus .8 ± .4 g/dL, respectively; P < .001). In multivariate analysis DeltaAlb remained a significant predictor of severe aGVHD (odds ratio, 5.68; 95% CI, 1.65 to 19.64; P = .006; area under the ROC curve, .74; 95% CI, .63 to .86; P < .001). The best cutoff for DeltaAlb to predict severe aGVHD was .9, with a sensitivity, specificity, and overall classification accuracy of 77%, 66%, and 69%, respectively. The model was validated using the bootstrap technique, with no significant change in its performance. These results were not generalizable to a cohort of 30 patients who received less mucotoxic myeloablative or reduced-intensity conditioning. In conclusion, with mucotoxic myeloablative HCT, each .1-g/dL increase in DeltaAlb was associated with an approximately 23% increase in the odds of developing severe aGVHD. As an early biomarker of gut damage, DeltaAlb can be incorporated in composite risk models for aGVHD prediction, with hopes for ultimately allowing for individualized GVHD prophylaxis and potential intervention according to the predicted risk.
A Metro-Based System as Sustainable Alternative for Urban Logistics in the Era of E-Commerce (2021)

Business to consumer e-commerce (B2C) has increased sharply in recent years driven by a growing online population and changes in consumer behavior. In metropolitan areas, the “Amazon effect” (online retailers’ vast selection, fast shipping, free returns, and low prices) has led to an increased use of light goods vehicles. This is affecting the rational functioning of the transport system, including a high degree of fragmentation, low load optimization, and, among other externalities, higher traffic congestion. This paper investigates the potential of a metro system, in a big city like Madrid, to provide delivery services by leveraging its existing carrying capacity and using the metro stations to collect parcels in lockers. It would be a new mixed distribution model for last-mile deliveries associated with e-commerce. To that end, the paper evaluates the cost and impacts of two alternative scenarios for managing the unused space in rolling stock (shared trains) or specific full train services (dedicated trains) on existing lines. The external costs of the proposed scenarios are compared with current e-commerce delivery scenario (parcel delivery by road). The results show that underground transport of parcels could significantly reduce congestion costs, accidents, noise, GHG emissions, and air pollution.
Patents on bacterial tRNA synthetase inhibitors: January 1996 to March 1999 (1999)

This review focuses on patents published between January 1996 and March 1999 covering bacterial tRNA synthetase inhibitors as antibacterial agents. Nine of the eleven patents issued during this period claim new formulations, forms and uses as well as new derivatives of pseudomonic acid A (mupirocin, SmithKline Beecham), a natural product inhibitor of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. One patent describes a new use for indolmycin, an inhibitor of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, and another discloses a novel class of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors.
Midazolam Premedication Delays Recovery After Propofol Without Modifying Involuntary Movements (1998)

BEVAN, JOAN C.; VEALL, GUY R.O.; MACNAB, ANDREW J.; RIES, CRAIG R.; MARSLAND, COLIN Author Information
A Straightforward Entry into Polyketide Monoprenylated Furanocoumarins and Pyranocoumarins (1999)

A regioselective synthesis of 5-methyl- and 5-ethyl-4-hydroxycoumarin (1b and 1c, respectively) is described. Starting from these compounds, several prenylated polyketide coumarins of limited availability from natural sources and important taxonomic relevance were prepared.
Terahertz third harmonic generation in c-axis La$_{1.85}$Sr$_{0.15}$CuO$_4$ (2022)

Terahertz nonlinear optics is a viable method to interrogate collective phenomena in quantum materials spanning ferroelectrics, charge-density waves, and superconductivity. In superconductors this includes the Higgs amplitude and Josephson phase modes. We have investigated the nonlinear c-axis response of optimally doped La$_{1.85}$Sr$_{0.15}$CuO$_4$ using high-field THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) at field strengths up to $\sim$80 kV/cm. With increasing field, we observe a distinct red-shift of the Josephson plasma edge and enhanced reflectivity (above the plasma edge) arising from third harmonic generation. The non-monotonic temperature dependent response is consistent with nonlinear drive of the Josephson Plasma Mode (JPM) as verified with comparison to theoretical expectations. Our results add to the understanding that, using THz light, the JPM (in addition to the Higgs mode) provides a route to interrogate and control superconducting properties.
&lt;title&gt;Study of the relationship between exposure margin and photolithographic process latitude and mask linearity&lt;/title&gt; (1991)

The utility of exposure margin, defined as the ratio between the 1:1 mask reproduction exposure energy and the open frame threshold exposure energy (E0), as an indicator of process latitude, is probed using extensive computer simulations and some experimental photolithography. The correlation is shown to be excellent for latitudes which depend primarily on critical dimension such as mask linearity and exposure latitude: a high exposure margin implies a high process latitude. Qualitative physical arguments are offered to explain this. For sidewall angle constrained latitudes such as defocus, the correlation is also good if comparing photoresists with similar optical absorption characteristics. These results are potentially significant because exposure margin is easily measured and therefore provides an efficient means for process optimization (at zero mask bias). As part of this work a simulation procedure which reduces the focus: exposure: mask dimension latitude to a single process latitude volume was developed and is described.
Two-Level Ultrabright Single Photon Emission from Diamond Nanocrystals (2009)

The fabrication of stable ultrabright single photon sources operating at room temperature is reported. The emitter is based on a color center within a diamond nanocrystal grown on a sapphire substrate by chemical vapor deposition method and exhibits a two-level electronic behavior with a maximum measured count rate of 3.2 x 10(6) counts/s at saturation. The emission is centered at approximately 756 nm with a full width at half-maximum approximately 11 nm and an excited state lifetime of 3.7 ns. These unique properties make it a leading candidate for quantum photonics and communication applications as well as for cellular biomarking.
Materials in extreme environments (2009)

The study of materials under harsh conditions is essential to meet a range of energy challenges—from creating better turbines, reactors, and batteries to developing future energy systems in dense plasmas.
High Confidence Level Calibration for AFM Based Fracture Testing of Nanobeams (2012)

When designing micro- or nanoelectromechanical systems, (MEMS and NEMS), it is important to consider whether structural elements will withstand loads experienced during operation. Fracture behavior at length scales present in MEMS and NEMS is much different than at macro- and mesoscopic scales. Due to a smaller probability of crystal defects and a high surface to volume ratio, fracture is controlled by surface characteristics rather than volumetric ones. Prior measurements using doubly clamped Si beams loaded with an atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that fracture of Si nanobeams is highly affected by surface roughness (Alan T et al., Appl Phys Lett 89:091901, 2006) and oxidation (Alan T et al., Appl Phys Lett 89:231905, 2006). In experiments of this type, calibration of the system, particularly the AFM cantilever stiffness, is critical to the accuracy of both the force and displacement results. A new set of experiments are underway in which the tests are performed by adapting a direct, traceable method for calibrating the AFM cantilever stiffness (Ying ZC et al., Rev Sci Instrum 78:063708, 2007). The improved calibration should not only improve the accuracy of the strength results but will allow linear stiffness measurements of the sample to be used to back out sample thickness, a key parameter in interpretation of the data.
Viscosalactone A and Viscosalactone B, Two New Steroidal Lactones from Physalis viscosa (1981)

Investigation of the extracts of PhysnZis viscosn hor led to the isohtion and structure elucidation of two new steroidal lactones, vircorolactone A (2) and vircos~lactone B (3).The rtruc-
CMOS 3D-Stacked FSI Multi-Channel Digital SiPM for Time-of-Flight Vision Applications (2024)

This work introduces a 3D-stacked frontside-illuminated (FSI) multi-channel digital silicon photomultiplier (MD-SiPM) optimized for time-of-flight vision applications. Building upon advances in CMOS technologies and capitalizing on the benefits of 3D integration, the paper presents a detailed design and implementation strategy that achieves high resolution and low dead time in time stamping, crucial for multi-photon detection. The 3D-stacked configuration allows for the use of different technologies for the top and bottom tiers, enhancing performance over single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The developed MD-SiPM demonstrates significant improvements in sensitivity, especially in the bioimaging spectral range, and introduces an event-driven architecture that enhances spatial granularity and reduces power consumption.
Brightness measurements of nanometer-sized field-emission tips (1993)

It has recently been suggested that the brightness of electron field-emitters of atomic dimensions may greatly exceed that of conventional field-emission sources. We have therefore measured the brightness of tungsten nanotip field emitters. Brightness is defined as the current density per unit solid angle at a point for limitingly small angles and areas. The axial brightness, B =∂ 2 I/∂W∂A, when divided by the relativistically corrected acceleration potential V*, the reduced brightness, b=B/V*, is invariant at all points along the axis of a symmetric electron-optical system. For a given emission mechanism, the brightness at a point on a flat source is, by definition, independent of source size. Recently, there have been suggestions that new mechanisms come into play for cold field-emission sources of atomic dimensions, leading perhaps to higher brightness. These include reported departures from Fowler-Nordheim behaviour, and quantum-mechanical focussing effects. The attainment of the theoretical brightness limit is often prevented by space charge effects.
Isolation and characterisation of a transcribing polynucleosomal chromatin fraction (1984)

A method is described for preparation of a fraction of chromatin enriched in transcribing regions from nuclei of mouse GR cells. This fraction, released by mild staphylococcal nuclease digestion of isolated nuclei, contains 2 to 10% of the DNA as polynucleosomal chromatin together with 50-70% of pulse-labelled RNA and about 90% of all template-engaged RNA polymerase B molecules, titrated with (3H)-alpha-amanitin. Hybridisation of DNA from this chromatin fraction to total nuclear RNA in excess shows that it is enriched in frequently-transcribed DNA sequences. A modification of the Miller technique, allowing the spreading of the active chromatin fraction for electron microscopy, has been developed. Examination of the spreads reveals that this chromatin fraction contains 20-100 nucleosome-long polynucleosomal chains bearing lateral RNP fibrils interpreted as nascent transcripts. The average length of the DNA fragments in the fraction is greater than that of average transcribed regions, suggesting that the transcribed regions are linked to flanking segments whose chromatin conformation probably contributes to the selective release of transcribing chromatin.
Pulmonary Hypertension Is a Frequent Event in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2010)

Poster presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago Illinois. Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the current standard therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Fluid retention and pleural effusions have been reported in patients treated with TKIs, particularly with dasatinib. Although TKIs have been shown to reverse pulmonary hypertension (PH) in animal models, there have been some reports of development of reversible PH with dasatinib. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on 401 patients diagnosed with CML in chronic phase (CP) who were treated with TKIs (imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib) as initial therapy for CML and had a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) done at some point during the course of therapy. PH was diagnosed if the patient had an estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of 35 mm Hg or greater. Secondary causes of PH (systolic or diastolic dysfunction on TTE, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases [COPD], obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] and pulmonary embolism) were investigated during chart review. Results: Twenty (23%) out of 87 patients had evidence of PH by TTE; median age 57 years, with 46% being males. Six pts (30%) received nilotinib 400mg twice daily, 4 (20%) patients had imatinib (400mg; n=1, 600mg; n=1 and 800mg daily; n=2), and 10 (50%) patients received dasatinib (dose varied 40-140mg daily). Five (25%) patients had coronary artery disease, 9 (45%) had systemic hypertension, 2 (10%) had COPD and 3 (15%) had OSA. Thirteen pts had serial TTE to compare the progression of PH including 6 (7%) who had a TTE prior to starting TKI. Among these 13 pts with serial TTE, 7 had rising RVSP with one patient having mild global hypokinesia, another with diastolic dysfunction and another with OSA. Four of those 7 patients had normal RVSP on their TTE prior to starting therapy. Six other pts had improvement in the RVSP on serial TTE, 4 of them with systemic hypertension. Two of those 6 patients had elevated RVSP on their TTE prior to starting therapy; one pt had no change. Eleven patients had pleural effusions (7 dasatinib, 3 imatinib, 1 nilotinib) associated with PH. Conclusions: TKI therapy is occasionally associated with development of PH, but RVSP may improve spontaneously in some patients. A prospective study is needed to further investigate the relationship between TKIs and the development of PH.
Confirmation of association of protein I serotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with ability to cause disseminated infection (1983)

Previous work indicates that strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Seattle, Wash., and Atlanta, Ga., show an association between serotypes 1 and 2 of protein I of the outer membrane and the ability to cause disseminated infection (T.M. Buchanan and J.F. Hildebrandt, Infect. Immun. 32:985-994, 1981). By using the same serotyping system, we confirmed the association between those serotypes and both disseminated infection and serum resistance in strains from North Carolina. Some strains of the same serotype had protein I species with different apparent molecular weights.
Hormones and Sexuality During Transition to Menopause (2007)

II.
Selection of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and Excipients for Topical Formulations (2011)

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is a viable option for systemic delivery of select drugs. It provides advantages, such as avoidance of first-pass meta bolism, patients’ improved compliance, con trolled or sustained release, and decreased side effects. This article focuses on transdermal delivery via application of a topical, semisolid formulation in the form of a gel, lotion, or cream. The authors discuss physicochemical criteria for selection of APIs and excipients for this type of delivery.
Probabilistic Traversability Model for Risk-Aware Motion Planning in Off-Road Environments (2022)

A key challenge in off-road navigation is that even visually similar terrains or ones from the same semantic class may have substantially different traction properties. Existing work typically assumes no wheel slip or uses the expected traction for motion planning, where the predicted trajectories provide a poor indication of the actual performance if the terrain traction has high uncertainty. In contrast, this work proposes to analyze terrain traversability with the empirical distribution of traction parameters in unicycle dynamics, which can be learned by a neural network in a self-supervised fashion. The probabilistic traction model leads to two risk-aware cost formulations that account for the worst-case expected cost and traction. To help the learned model generalize to unseen environment, terrains with features that lead to unreliable predictions are detected via a density estimator fit to the trained network's latent space and avoided via auxiliary penalties during planning. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing work that assumes no slip or uses the expected traction in both navigation success rate and completion time. Furthermore, avoiding terrains with low density-based confidence score achieves up to 30% improvement in success rate when the learned traction model is used in a novel environment.
An Efficient Method for Producing α(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Gene Knockout Pigs (2004)

We have reported relatively efficient methods for somatic cell nuclear transfer and for knocking out the alpha(1,3)-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3-GT) gene in porcine fetal fibroblasts using a nonisogenic promoterless construct approach. Here we report the production of alpha1,3-GT gene knockout pigs using these procedures. Seven alpha1,3-GT gene knockout cell clones were identified by long-range PCR from 108 neomycin resistant (neo(R)) colonies, giving a 6.5% targeting efficiency. Three cell clones were used for nuclear transfer. Nuclear transfer was performed using a fusion before activation protocol using in vitro-matured adult oocytes. Between 51 and 110 fused couplets were transferred to 10 recipients synchronized 1 day behind the embryos. Parturition was induced on day 115, and piglets were delivered by caesarean section. Four recipients gave birth to a total of 18 live piglets. All pigs were female, and all three clones resulted in the birth of live pigs. alpha1,3-GT gene knockout pigs were identified by long-range PCR and confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The efficiency (embryos transferred/piglets born) of our cloning protocol was 1.9% for all transfers and 4.6% for animals that gave birth.
Altered gene expression patterns of innate and adaptive immunity pathways in transgenic rainbow trout harboring Cecropin P1 transgene (2014)

The gene product of cecropin P1 transgene produced in the disease resistant transgenic rainbow trout not only can kill the pathogens directly but also exert multifaceted immunomodulatory properties to boost host immunity. The identified genes involved in different pathways related to immune function are valuable indicators associated with enhanced host immunity. These genes may serve as markers for selective breeding of rainbow trout or other aquaculture important fish species bearing traits of disease resistance.