gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Ferrites for Cryogenic Applications (1997)

Recent advances in microwave ferrite device technology have seen the introduction of superconductivity that virtually eliminates insertion losses due to electrical conduction in microstrip circuits. The conventional ferrimagnetic spinel and garnet compositions, however, are not generally optimized for temperatures in the vicinity of 77 K and may require chemical redesign in order to realize the full potential of these devices. For microwave transmission, absorption losses may be reduced by a natural lengthening of the spin-lattice relaxation time and the suppression of hopping electron activity at low temperatures. However, these properties could be degraded by fast-relaxing impurities that broaden ferrimagnetic resonance lines. At low temperatures, saturation magnetizations increase according to the Brillouin-Weiss function behavior that is characteristic of most magnetic materials. Increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies will produce greater coercive fields that will lead directly to higher hysteresis loop switching energies. Other parameters that are influenced adversely by reduced temperatures are the magnetostriction constants, which can cause significant deterioration in the stability of the remanence ratios of hysteresis loops. To modify room temperature ferrites for devices that use high-Tc superconductors, magnetochemistry must be applied to obtain the desired parameter values, which in turn must be chosen through design tradeoffs and are set by the performance requirements of particular device applications.
Intraocular lens performance in air, in water, and in situ: a computer study (1993)

Computer analysis is used to predict performance of four intraocular lenses with assigned values of aberration. Cylinder error and asphericity error are used as examples of possible manufacturing errors. Three measures of performance are calculated: maximum optical path difference, root mean square optical path difference, and modulation transfer function. For evaluation in air these standard test conditions are assumed: collimated green light incident on the convex surface of a plano-convex lens, with a 3 mm aperture. All four lenses show substantially improved performance in water compared to air, and a further improvement in the simulated eye (i.e., in situ). However, an aberrated 30 diopter (D) lens with performance in air comparable to an aberrated 20 D lens, performs worse in situ than does the 20 D lens. This suggests that a performance test in air that is suitable for a 20 D lens (e.g., 100 line pairs per millimeter resolution) may not be adequate for a 30 D lens. A test in air at 30% resolution efficiency may be more suitable.
"Play music": User motivations and expectations for non-specific voice queries (2020)

The growing market of voice-enabled devices introduces new types of music search requests that can be more ambiguous than in typed search interfaces as voice assistants can potentially support conversational requests. However, these systems may not be able to fulfill ambiguous requests in a manner that matches the user need. In this work, we study an example of ambiguous requests which we term as non-specific queries (NSQs), such as "play music," where users ask to stream content using a single utterance that does not specify what content they want to hear. To better understand user motivations for making NSQs, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with voice users. We observed four themes that structure user perceptions of the benefits and shortcomings of making NSQs: the tradeoff between control and convenience, varying expectations for personalization, the effects of context on expectations, and learned user behaviors. We conclude with implications for how these themes can inform the interaction design of voice search systems in handling non-specific music requests in voice search systems.
Stability of an autoinhibitory interface in the structure of the tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 impacts T cell receptor response (2009)

The delivery of signals from the activated T cell antigen receptor (TCR) inside the cell relies on the protein tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa). A recent crystal structure of inactive full-length ZAP-70 suggests that a central interface formed by the docking of the two SH2 domains of ZAP-70 onto the kinase domain is crucial for suppressing catalytic activity. Here we validate the significance of this autoinhibitory interface for the regulation of ZAP-70 catalytic activity and the T cell response. For this purpose, we perform in vitro catalytic activity assays and binding experiments using ZAP-70 proteins purified from insect cells to examine activation of ZAP-70. Furthermore, we use cell lines stably expressing wild-type or mutant ZAP-70 to monitor proximal events in T cell signaling, including TCR-induced phosphorylation of ZAP-70 substrates, activation of the MAP kinase pathway, and intracellular Ca(2+) levels. Taken together, our results directly correlate the stability of the autoinhibitory interface with the activation of these key events in the T cell response.
Retroinfusion‐supported stenting in high‐risk patients for percutaneous intervention and bypass surgery: Results of the prospective randomized myoprotect I study (2004)

The objective of this study was to assess event-free survival and total treatment costs of retroinfusion-supported stenting in high-risk patients compared to bypass surgery. An increasing number of patients with main-stem and main-stem-equivalent stenosis are treated by stent implantation, which appears to be safe in the short-term follow-up. However, there is a lack of randomized studies comparing conventional bypass surgery with stent implantation, particularly in patients with high risk for both treatments. We here report on the 1-year results of a prospective randomized single-center study in patients with symptomatic main-stem and main-stem-equivalent lesions with substantially increased risk for bypass surgery. Patients where randomized to undergo either percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/stent procedure (n = 23) or bypass surgery (n = 21). Patients randomized to stent implantation were supported by selective pressure-regulated retroinfusion of the anterior cardiac vein during ischemia. Patients of the stent group and the bypass group did not differ in baseline characteristics, including Parsonnet score and quality-of-life score. Twenty-eight-day mortality and 1-year mortality rate as well as quality-of-life scores were similar in both groups. Event-free survival after 1 year was higher in the bypass group (71.4% vs. 52.3%; P = 0.02) due to a lower target lesion revascularization rate. With regard to total treatment costs, however, the stent group compared favorably to the bypass group (9,346 +/- 807 vs. 26,874 +/- 3,985 euro), predominantly as a result of a shorter intensive care and hospital stay. In this first randomized study in high-risk patients for stent implantation and bypass surgery, patients with retroinfusion-supported stent implantation had a similar 1-year outcome and quality of life compared to patients with bypass surgery. Though in the stent group event-free survival was lower and target lesion revascularization rate was higher, retroinfusion-supported stent implantation was associated with substantially lower costs and might be considered as an alternative treatment option in this selected group of high-risk patients.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Early 3+3 Trial Dose-Escalation Phase I Clinical Trial Design and Suitability for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2&lt;/p&gt;
Nonradiative Capture of Hot Photoelectrons by MultiphononEmission in Highly Excited Polar Semiconductors (1999)

Room-temperature recombination dynamics of hot electron-hole plasma in highly excited polar semiconductors is analysed. A rate equation with Arrhenius dependence of carrier lifetime on the effective temperature is employed to consider the capture by deep centres via multiphonon emission (MPE) with the nonequilibrium LO phonons taken into account. The luminescence-intensity dependence on the pump intensity under quasistationary excitation conditions, as well as the shape of the luminescence-intensity transient kinetics, are shown to be strongly dependent on the height of the localization barrier. Typical manifestation of carrier-temperature-activated capture by MPE is experimentally demonstrated both for quasi-steady-state and transient conditions in CdSe and CdS single crystals, respectively. Additionally, evidence, testifying that surface recombination in CdS nanocrystals embedded in a glass matrix exhibits features characteristic of nonradiative capture by MPE for carrier and phonon systems far from thermal equilibrium with the lattice, is presented. The relevant localization barriers are shown to lie within the 100–200 meV range.
Application of Multitaper Analysis to wireless communications problems (2008)

The paper presents two novel applications of Thomson Multitaper Analysis. It is shown how a wideband simulator of a double mobile MIMO channel could be developed based on geometrical channel model. It is also shown how modification of Discrete Prolate Spheroidal Sequences could be used to better estimation of sparse channels. A number of other potential applications is also mentioned.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging of Anisotropic Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Films with Polarized Radiation (2008)

The technique of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging with focal plane array detectors has proved to be a powerful technique for rapid chemical visualization of samples with a lateral resolution up to about 10 mum. However, the potential of FT-IR imaging for the characterization of anisotropic materials can be significantly enhanced by using polarized radiation. This issue will be addressed in the present communication, which reports for the first time imaging investigations based on the FT-IR polarization spectra of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films that have been uniaxially elongated below and above the threshold temperature of the II(alpha) --> I(beta) phase transition.
Coexisting Agents: Experiments on Basic Interaction Attitude (2001)

This paper deals with the problem of coexistence in the same environment of agents with different fixed attitudes toward each other. Agents that are endowed with distinct 'help-seeking' and 'help-giving' strategies have been defined and simulated in a multi-agent system, and the effect of their behavior on the global performance of the system has been measured. The experimental environment can be considered a good metaphor for a task that needs no social coordination and must be performed autonomously by each agent but, at the same time, can be affected by the other agent's cooperative attitude and produces global effects on the system. In three sets of experiments we investigated different aspects: Study 1 shows the utility of the 'social' attitude (characterizing agents that both give and ask for help) with respect to the selfsufficient one; Study 2 shows how social agents are able to tolerate the presence of exploiters; Study 3 shows how the robustness of the social strategy is tested by putting help-giving under various risky conditions. The results reveal the general robustness of the social attitude and its usefulness for the whole system. The results also point to the varying degrees of dangerousness and robustness of different exploitation strategies, according to the different environmental conditions in which the exploiters are placed.
A 140 GHz T/R Front-End Module in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS (2021)

This paper presents a D-band front-end module (FEM) with an integrated transmit/receive (T/R) switch in 22-nm fully-depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS technology for beyond-5G communication. The asymmetric T/R switch topology with intrinsic ESD protection leverages the Tx- and Rx-mode RF performance. Both the PA and LNA have a differential topology with transformer-based matching networks to eliminate unwanted effects from common-mode parasitics, especially at the antenna port. The adopted stacked-FET PA achieves a high output power while consuming much less area than a PA based on passive power combining. At 140 GHz, the Tx achieves a power gain <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$G_{p}$</tex> of 33.6 / 35.7 dB, a saturated output power Psat of 12.5 / 14.7 dBm, a peak power-added efficiency PAE of 10.8 / 11.3%, and output 1-dB compression point (OP1dB) of 9.4 / 11.2 dBm with nominal/boosted supplies. At 140 GHz, the Rx achieves a 20-dB <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$G_{p}$</tex> , a −24-dBm input 1-dB compression point (IP1dB), and a 9.2-dB noise figure (NF) with only 20-mW power consumption from a 0.8-V supply. This compact FEM has a PA / LNA core area of 0.024 / 0.032 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively.
Control system simulation for stand-alone hybrid wind diesel system (2013)

Control system developed for hybrid wind diesel system (HWDS) operating as standalone power system is presented. The HWDS consists of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind turbine generation system and a diesel generation system (DGS) with synchronous machine. Control system developed for both machine side and load side power converter is simulated. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system is developed and simulated for machine side power converter to track the optimum rotor shaft speed for achieving maximum power extraction through wind turbine. The transition from wind-diesel to wind-only mode of operation is simulated. A dynamic model of HWDS is developed to study the system operating behavior under standalone condition. The complete HWDS is modeled and simulated in MATLAB Simulink environment. Simulation results to validate the performance of developed control system are presented.
Coupling presentation of MHC class I peptides to constitutive activation of antigen-presenting cells through the product of a single gene (2011)

Priming of naive CD8 T cells by dendritic cells (DCs) entails both effective antigen presentation on MHC class I products and co-stimulatory signaling. Their optimal coupling is a major goal in the development of CTL-inducing vaccines. We recently reported that a membranal derivative of the invariant MHC-I light chain, β(2)-microglobulin (β(2)m), markedly stabilizes MHC-I molecules and can serve as a universal platform for exceptional presentation of genetically linked peptides. To test whether it is possible to equip the resulting MHC-I complexes with an inherent ability to activate antigen-presenting cells, we engrafted the intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor domain of mouse Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 or TLR2 onto the peptide-β(2)m scaffold. We evaluated the level of peptide presentation and status of cell activation conferred by such constructs in stably transfected mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and mRNA-transfected mouse DC2.4 DCs. We show that the encoded peptide-β(2)m-TLR polypeptides are expressed at the cell surface, pair with endogenous heavy chains, stabilize MHC-I products, prompt efficient peptide-specific T-cell recognition and confer a constitutively activated phenotype on the transfected cells, as judged by the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes and surface co-stimulatory molecules. Our results provide evidence that the product of a single recombinant gene can couple MHC peptide presentation to TLR-mediated signaling and offer a safe, economical and highly versatile modality for a novel category of genetic CTL-inducing vaccines.
Exploring Projection Based Mixed Reality with Tangibles for Nonsymbolic Preschool Math Education (2019)

A child's early math development can stem from interactions with the physical world. Accordingly, current tangible interaction studies focus on preschool children's formal (symbolic) mathematics, i.e. number knowledge. However, recent developmental studies stress the importance of nonsymbolic number representation in math learning, i.e. understanding quantity relations without counting(more/less). To our knowledge, there are no tangible systems based on this math concept. We developed an initial tangible based mixed-reality(MR) setup with a small tabletop projector and depth camera. Our goal was observing children's interaction with the setup to guide our further design process towards developing nonsymbolic math training. In this paper, we present our observations from sessions with four 3-to-5 year old children and discuss their meaning for future work. Initial clues show that our MR setup leads to exploratory and mindful interactions, which might be generalizable to other tangible MR systems for child education and could inspire interaction design studies.
LateTIME: a phase-II, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, pilot trial evaluating the safety and effect of administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells 2 to 3 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. (2010)

A realistic goal for cardiac cell therapy may be to attenuate left ventricular remodeling following acute myocardial infarction to prevent the development of congestive heart failure. Initial clinical trials of cell therapy have delivered cells 1 to 7 days after acute myocardial infarction. However, many patients at risk of developing congestive heart failure may not be ready for cell delivery at that time-point because of clinical instability or hospitalization at facilities without access to cell therapy. Experience with cell delivery 2 to 3 weeks after acute myocardial infarction has not to date been explored in a clinical trial. The objective of the LateTIME study is to evaluate by cardiac magnetic resonance the effect on global and regional left ventricular function, between baseline and 6 months, of a single intracoronary infusion of 150 × 106 autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (compared with placebo) when that infusion is administered 2 to 3 weeks after moderate-to-large acute myocardial infarction. The 5 clinical sites of the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN) will enroll a total of 87 eligible patients in a 2:1 bone marrow mononuclear cells-to-placebo patient ratio; these 87 will have undergone successful percutaneous coronary intervention of a major coronary artery and have left ventricular ejection fractions ≤0.45 by echocardiography. When the results become available, this study should provide insight into the clinical feasibility and appropriate timing of autologous cell therapy in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention.
Mycoplasma hyorhinis molecules that induce tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion by human monocytes (1995)

Mycoplasma hyorhinis has been shown to induce the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from monocytes. To identify the molecules responsible for this activity, we separated sonicated M. hyorhinis lysate material by centrifugation at 100,000 x g into soluble (S) and particulate (P) fractions. The fractions were assayed for TNF-alpha-inducing activity by the L929 bioassay. Both the soluble and particulate fractions were able to induce TNF-alpha in roughly equal amounts. The optimum dose for both fractions was 1 micrograms/ml. Proteinase K treatment of either fraction eliminated the activity, suggesting that a protein component is involved in induction. Phase partitioning into Triton X-114 aqueous (A) and detergent (D) phases showed that the soluble fraction was composed of 80% aqueous-phase proteins, while the particulate fraction was > 75% detergent-phase proteins. All four fractions (SA, SD, PA, and PD) were able to induce TNF-alpha release. Treatment with NaIO4 to remove carbohydrate reduced the inducing activity of the SA phase by 80%, whereas that of the other fractions was unaffected by this treatment. The M(r)S of the inducing activity were determined by the monocyte Western (immunoblot) technique. The SA phase activity was associated with a single periodate-sensitive peak of 69 to 75 kDa. The two detergent phases had similar profiles of inducing activity, containing four peaks of activity. These peaks corresponded to 48 to 52, 43 to 45, 39 to 40, and 31 to 32 kDa. The PA fraction also contained four peaks of activity, 69 to 75, 55 to 57, 48 to 52, and 39 to 40 kDa. Thus, both a protein and glycan moiety from M. hyorhinis are capable of inducing TNF-alpha release from human monocytes.
Noncontrast MR angiography (MRA) of infragenual arteries using flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD)‐prepared steady‐state free precession (SSFP) at 3.0 Tesla: Comparison with contrast‐enhanced MRA (2015)

FSD MRA performed on at 3.0T without the use of contrast medium provides diagnostic images allowing for arterial stenosis assessment of calf arteries that was highly comparable with CE MRA. Moreover, venous contamination was less problematic with FSD MRA.
Metallopolymers Containing Excess Metal–Ligand Complex for Improved Mechanical Properties (2014)

This work incorporates ML complexes as unbound entities that interact with ML complexes bound to the backbone of the polymer. The π–π interactions and Coulombic forces between bound and unbound ML complexes hold the ML-rich phase together and result in improved mechanical properties over polymers containing only the bound ML complexes. The ML-rich phase formed ordered, cylindrical domains. The storage modulus, surface elastic modulus, and high temperature stability of these metallopolymers increased with increasing concentration of ML complex in the polymer while an optimal concentration and morphology are necessary to improve the strength and creep resistance of the polymer. Ultimately, the successful addition and patterning of unbound ML complexes as a hard phase in a polymer matrix provides an important template for the design of a new type of supramolecular nanocomposite.
Quasi-state variable method for precise modeling of DC-DC converter circuits (2002)

For modeling DC-DC power converter circuits, the state space averaging method is the representative method. However, its application field is restricted to small amplitude operation and is rather narrow. For large amplitude operation of a DC-DC power converter, a novel approach is proposed which composes the state equations by taking the initial values of the circuit variables at the starting point of each switching period as the state variables. All instantaneous values of the current and the voltage within each switching period can be represented by a linear combination of the initial values. So, discrete space state equations can be formulated, and all kinds of information about circuit operation such as average values, waveform envelopes and instantaneous values at an arbitrary instant are given. The solution can be calculated with an accuracy as high as one desires, without excessive work.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Oxidation-Induced Degradation of SOFC Ni Anodes at High Fuel Utilizations (2015)

In the downstream of SOFC systems, higher oxygen partial pressure can cause oxidation-induced Ni anode degradation. In this study, we have investigated cell performance at high fuel utilizations for simulating situations around the system downstream. When the anode voltage was higher than a voltage threshold, the cell performance was stable. On the other hand, it became unstable associated with cell voltage oscillation when anode voltage was around or less than the threshold value. The threshold value was consistent with the anode potential derived from the oxygen partial pressure at the phase boundary at which both Ni and NiO coexist.