gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of multiple noninvasive test procedures for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (1981)

Abstract All noninvasive tests used for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease are imperfect, both in sensitivity and in specificity. Accordingly, we evaluated the accuracy of four different diagnostic tests in various combinations in a population of 43 patients undergoing coronary angiography to determine if accuracy could be improved by multiple testing. These tests included stress electrocardiography for evaluation of exercise‐induced ST‐segment depression, stress cardio‐kymography (CKG) for detection of exercise‐induced precordial regional left ventricular dysfunction, stress 201 thallium scintigraphy for assessment of exercise‐induced regional myocardial hypoperfusion, and cardiac fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification. A total of 46 (27%) of the 172 test responses observed were incorrect relative to angiography. These “false” responses were uniformly distributed over the four test procedures (12 ECG, 11 CKG, 10 201 thallium, 13 fluoroscopy). Thus, a single test had a limited predictive accuracy for the detection or exclusion of coronary artery disease. The greater the number of abnormal responses observed in a given patient the greater the predictive accuracy for disease, especially multi‐vessel disease. Analysis of various combinations of these procedures revealed substantial differences both in cost of testing and net diagnostic yield. These data suggest that the four procedures employed are functionally independent and highly accurate relative to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease when used in combination. Cost‐effectiveness of diagnostic testing might be improved with the use of combinations of the less expensive and more accurate of these tests.
Stability of Photochromism in New Bifunctional Copolymers Containing Spiropyran and Chalcone Moiety in the Side Chain (2003)

We synthesized three copolymers bearing photochromic spiropyran dye and chalcone moiety in the side chain for studying the dynamic properties of their photochromism. They contain methacrylate-spiropyran (MAspiropyran) and methacrylate-chalcone (MA-chalcone) with the different concentration. The photosensitivity of the newly synthesized copolymers was investigated by using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. We observed photodimerization and photochromic behavior under UV irradiation at the same time. The effect of photocrosslink on the rate and stability of photochromism in three copolymers was considered in this study. This study might be helpful to design photochromic materials for irreversible optical memory by virtue of photocrosslinking reaction.
Adaptive sensorless field oriented control of PM motors including zero speed (2004)

This paper presents a simple control method for controlling permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) in a wide speed range without a shaft sensor. An adaptive observer is used for estimation of the rotor position and speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). The observer compensates for voltage offsets and permanent magnet strength variations. The adaptation structure for estimating the strength of the permanent magnet is determined from a Lyapunov stability proof. The control method is made robust at zero and low speed by changing the direct vector current component to a value different from zero. In order to verify the applicability of the method the controller has been implemented and tested on a 800 W motor.
Practical and Regioselective Synthesis of C-4-Alkylated Pyridines (2021)

The direct position-selective C-4 alkylation of pyridines has been a long-standing challenge in heterocyclic chemistry, particularly from pyridine itself. Historically this has been addressed using prefunctionalized materials to avoid overalkylation and mixtures of regioisomers. This study reports the invention of a simple maleate-derived blocking group for pyridines that enables exquisite control for Minisci-type decarboxylative alkylation at C-4 that allows for inexpensive access to these valuable building blocks. The method is employed on a variety of different pyridines and carboxylic acid alkyl donors, is operationally simple and scalable, and is applied to access known structures in a rapid and inexpensive fashion. Finally, this work points to an interesting strategic departure for the use of Minisci chemistry at the earliest possible stage (native pyridine) rather than current dogma that almost exclusively employs Minisci chemistry as a late-stage functionalization technique.
Selectivities among capillary bonds in mesoscale self-assembly (1999)

This letter describes the capillarity-driven self-assembly of mm-sized plates of poly(dimethylsiloxane) at the perfluorodecalin/H2O interface into complex arrays. The shape of the interacting menisci could be tailored by three strategies: (1) changing the shape of uniformly hydrophobic edges; (2) patterning the distribution of vertical hydrophobic strips on the edges and, in some cases, varying the density of the blocks; and (3) patterning the hydrophobic areas on a face to be chiral.
Three-dimensional anisotropic regularization for limited angle tomography (2015)

Abstract Limited angle tomography is a challenging task in medical imaging. Due to practical limitations during the image acquisition, the sinogram is recorded incompletely and thus the quality of the reconstruction is deteriorated by streak artifacts. These artifacts are characterized by fast changes of the local intensity gradients and increase the total variation (TV). Generally, an energy functional is optimized which leads to a minimized Total Variation Minimization (TVM). As an outcome, noise and artifacts are reduced while edges are preserved. Anyway, often the orientation of the streak artifacts is not considered at all. Therefore, anisotropic regularization is used to reduce noise and distortions under specific directions.
Quadriceps Femoris Strength and Sagittal-Plane Knee Biomechanics During Stair Ascent in Individuals With Articular Cartilage Defects in the Knee (2014)

Individuals with ACDs demonstrated deficits in quadriceps femoris strength with associated alterations in movement patterns during stair ascent. The results of this study are not comprehensive; further research is needed to understand the physiological characteristics, activity performance, and movement quality in this population.
Severity of airflow obstruction using NHANESIII versus ERS/GLI12 prediction equations in Caucasian American pulmonary laboratory patients (2014)

RATIONALE: Spirometric airway obstruction severity is based on prediction equations. We examined the NHANESIII and ERS/GLI12 prediction equations for categorizing airway obstruction severity. METHODS: We used 12,239 clinical spirograms from 10 to 95 year old Caucasian males and females referred to pulmonary laboratories at Intermountain Medical Center and LDS Hospital (Salt Lake City) from 2001 to 2013. Spirograms met reproducibility and acceptability criteria. We used lower predicted limits from NHANESIII (Hankinson et al.,1999) and the ERS-Task Force Global Lung Initiative (ERS/GLI12) (Quanjer PH et al., 2012) equations. RESULTS: Of the 12,239 spirograms, 3901 (31.8%) had airway obstruction by NHANESIII and 3937 (32.2%) were obstructed by ERS/GLI12. NHANESIII and GLI/ERS12 equations categorized, respectively, 1428 (11.8%) and 1487 (12.1%) as mild, 647 (5.3%) and 659 (5.4%) as moderate, 616 (5%) and 613 (5%) as moderately severe, 690 (5.6%) and 676 (5.5%) as severe, and 500 (4%) and 502 (4%) as very severe airway obstruction. Figure: Spirometric categorization of airway obstruction in Caucasian American pulmonary laboratory patients using the NHANES-III and ERS/GLI-12 prediction equations. CONCLUSION: NHANESIII and ERS/GLI12 prediction equations categorize airway obstruction in an American Caucasian pulmonary laboratory population in a similar manner.
Integrin Activation and Matrix Binding Mediate Cellular Responses to Mechanical Stretch (2005)

Mechanical tension is a critical determinant of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and development. Integrins have been implicated in sensing force but little is known about how forces are transduced to biochemical signals. We now show that mechanical strain stimulates conformational activation of integrin alphavbeta3 in NIH3T3 cells. Integrin activation is mediated by phosphoinositol 3-kinase and is followed by an increase in integrin binding to extracellular matrix proteins. Mechanical stretch stimulation of JNK was dependent on new integrin binding to extracellular matrix. These data define a molecular mechanism for the role of integrins in mechanotransduction.
Effect of ion-implantation enhanced intermixing on luminescence of InAs/InP quantum dots (2008)

Temperature dependent photoluminescence spectra of ion implanted InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs) followed by rapid thermal annealing were studied. By employing a recently developed luminescence model for localized states ensemble, the broadening of the distribution of the localized QD states was determined from the fitting to the luminescence peak energy positions. The broadening of the distribution of the localized QD states reduces due to ion-implantation enhanced intermixing. The contribution of carrier distribution within the localized QD states to the luminescence linewidth decreases after ion-implantation enhanced intermixing. The effect of doses and types of ions used for implantation were also investigated.
Identifying “Truth” in Computational Fluid Dynamics Research: Fig 1. (2011)

I read with interest the article by Geers et al[1][1] regarding the differences in estimated flow between CT angiography and 3D rotational angiography (3DRA). In that study, the authors noted almost a 50% difference in calculated mean wall shear stress between the 2 imaging modalities in a series of
Online Three-Axis Magnetometer Hard-Iron and Soft-Iron Bias and Angular Velocity Sensor Bias Estimation using Angular Velocity Sensors for Improved Dynamic Heading Accuracy (2022)

This article addresses the problem of dynamic online estimation and compensation of hard-iron and soft-iron biases of three-axis magnetometers under dynamic motion in field robotics, utilizing only biased measurements from a three-axis magnetometer and a three-axis angular rate sensor. The proposed magnetometer and angular velocity bias estimator (MAVBE) utilizes a 15-state process model encoding the nonlinear process dynamics for the magnetometer signal subject to angular velocity excursions, while simultaneously estimating nine magnetometer bias parameters and three angular rate sensor bias parameters, within an extended Kalman filter framework. Bias parameter local observability is numerically evaluated. The bias-compensated signals, together with three-axis accelerometer signals, are utilized to estimate bias-compensated magnetic geodetic heading. Performance of the proposed MAVBE method is evaluated in comparison to the widely cited magnetometer-only TWOSTEP method in numerical simulations, laboratory experiments, and full-scale field trials of an instrumented autonomous underwater vehicle in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA. For the proposed MAVBE, (i) instrument attitude is not required to estimate biases, and the results show that (ii) the biases are locally observable, (iii) the bias estimates converge rapidly to true bias parameters, (iv) only modest instrument excitation is required for bias estimate convergence, and (v) compensation for magnetometer hard-iron and soft-iron biases dramatically improves dynamic heading estimation accuracy.
Fine-scale variation in meiotic recombination in <i>Mimulus</i> inferred from population shotgun sequencing (2013)

Meiotic recombination rates can vary widely across genomes, with hotspots of intense activity interspersed among cold regions. In yeast, hotspots tend to occur in promoter regions of genes, whereas in humans and mice, hotspots are largely defined by binding sites of the positive-regulatory domain zinc finger protein 9. To investigate the detailed recombination pattern in a flowering plant, we use shotgun resequencing of a wild population of the monkeyflower Mimulus guttatus to precisely locate over 400,000 boundaries of historic crossovers or gene conversion tracts. Their distribution defines some 13,000 hotspots of varying strengths, interspersed with cold regions of undetectably low recombination. Average recombination rates peak near starts of genes and fall off sharply, exhibiting polarity. Within genes, recombination tracts are more likely to terminate in exons than in introns. The general pattern is similar to that observed in yeast, as well as in positive-regulatory domain zinc finger protein 9-knockout mice, suggesting that recombination initiation described here in Mimulus may reflect ancient and conserved eukaryotic mechanisms.
The Clinical Study on Motor Power and Sensory Improvement of Paraplegia due to Spinal Subdural Hematoma with Korean Medical Treatments: A Case Report (2014)

Objectives : The objective of this study is to report the clinical effects of Korean medical treatment for spinal subdural hematoma associated with anticoagulant drug. Methods : The patients were treated using acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal medication, moxibustion and physical treatment. And we checked American Spinal Injury Association scale, Spinal Cord Independence Measure Version III. Results : Motor score on the American Spinal Injury Association scale is increased 50 to 72. Sensory score on the American Spinal Injury Association scale is increased 124 to 170. Spinal Cord Independence Measure Version III is increased 18 to 26. Conclusions : This study suggest that Korean medical treatments are effective to spinal subdural hematoma patient. Key Words: Spinal subdural hematoma; Paraplegia; Korean medical treatment.
&lt;title&gt;Dry lithography of chemically amplified acid-catalyzed deep-UV and e-beam resist&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

The process, chemistry, and characterization of the silylation and dry-development of acid catalyzed resist is described. The resist is sensitive to deep-UV, x ray, and e-beam exposure and its sensitivity can be tailored by the relative concentration of its components. The resist is positive or negative for dry or wet development, respectively. Two silylation agents were studied: Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and N,N-Dimethylaminotrimethylsilane (DMATMS). The silylation was characterized by Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy and Rutherford-backscattering spectrometry (RBS). FTIR revealed the total number of OH and SiO bonds, while RBS revealed the composition profile in various regions of the resist. The silylation by HMDS was not well controlled and was characterized by a large incubation period followed by fast penetration. The DMATMS silylation process, however, was well controlled and reproducible. The penetration of the silicon atoms monotonically increased with time until it reached saturation. Films patterned by deep-UV (254 nm) exposure were silylated with DMATMS and were etched by an oxygen plasma in a magnetron ion etcher (MIE). The etch rate of the oxygen plasma was characterized for the unexposed, silylated regions, as well as for the exposed, unsilylated regions. The optimized dry-development process is described and SEM cross sections of lines as narrow as 0.4 micrometers wide are presented.
Superficial Venous Aneurysm (2006)

Venous aneurysm should be included in the differential diagnosis of a subcutaneous mass, and an accurate understanding of the differences between superficial and deep venous aneurysms may help in diagnosis and treatment.
Ac Impedance Analysis of Low Frequency Region for Commercial Lithium Ion Battery under Temperature Control (2012)

Abstract not Available.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A LOW MODULUS Ti-35.5Nb-7.3Zr-5.7Ta ALLOY IN A SIMULATED BODY FLUID USING EIS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS (2011)

Electrochemical characterization of the low modulus Ti‐35.5Nb‐7.3Zr‐5.7Ta beta alloy (TNZT) has been performed in phosphate buffer saline solution at 37 °C using the non destructive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. Measurements were performed at various immersion intervals at the open circuit potential (OCP), which was also monitored with time. Results obtained for TNZT alloy have been compared with those for the commercially used Ti‐6Al‐4V mixed alloy (Ti64) and the commercially pure titanium (Ti2) alpha alloy. Potentiodynamic polarization was performed to supplement the data obtained from EIS analysis. The TNZT alloy exhibits a two time constant impedance response, whereas the Ti64 and Ti2 alloys display a one time constant behavior. Human fetal osteoblast cells show a better adhesion and a higher cell count for the TNZT alloy compared to the other two alloys. The present investigation is an effort to understand the correlation between the electrochemical, morphological and cellular characteristics of titanium alloys to qualify them for implant applications.
Progress in manufacturing large primary aircraft structures using the stitching/RTM process (1993)

The Douglas Aircraft/NASA Act contract has been focused over the past three years at developing a materials, manufacturing, and cost base for stitched/Resin Transfer Molded (RTM) composites. The goal of the program is to develop RTM and stitching technology to provide enabling technology for application of these materials in primary aircraft structure with a high degree of confidence. Presented in this paper will be the progress to date in the area of manufacturing and associated cost values of stitched/RTM composites.
GPER Mediates Functional Endothelial Aging in Renal Arteries (2017)

Aging is associated with impaired renal artery function, which is partly characterized by arterial stiffening and a reduced vasodilatory capacity due to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidases (Nox). The abundance and activity of Nox depends on basal activity of the heptahelical transmembrane receptor GPER; however, whether GPER contributes to age-dependent functional changes in renal arteries is unknown. This study investigated the effect of aging and Nox activity on renal artery tone in wild-type and GPER-deficient (Gper-/-) mice (4 and 24 months old). In wild-type mice, aging markedly impaired endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxations to acetylcholine, which were largely preserved in renal arteries of aged Gper-/- mice. The Nox inhibitor gp91ds-tat abolished this difference by greatly enhancing relaxations in wild-type mice, while having no effect in Gper-/- mice. Contractions to angiotensin II and phenylephrine in wild-type mice were partly sensitive to gp91ds-tat but unaffected by aging. Again, deletion of GPER abolished effects of Nox inhibition on contractile responses. In conclusion, basal activity of GPER is required for the age-dependent impairment of endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated relaxation in the renal artery. Restoration of relaxation by a Nox inhibitor in aged wild-type but not Gper-/- mice strongly supports a role for Nox-derived reactive oxygen species as the underlying cause. Pharmacological blockers of GPER signaling may thus be suitable to inhibit functional endothelial aging of renal arteries by reducing Nox-derived oxidative stress and, possibly, the associated age-dependent deterioration of kidney function.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Molybdenum(IV)‐Alkyne Complexes Containing Bulky Aryloxide or Arenethiolate Ligands. (1987)

Abstract Starting with the tetrachloroalkyne complexes (III) or the tetrakis(arenethiolate) complexes (VII), the title complexes (I) and (II) are prepared as shown in the scheme.
Pathogenic implications of distinct patterns of iron and zinc in chronic MS lesions (2017)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which oligodendrocytes, the CNS cells that stain most robustly for iron and myelin are the targets of injury. Metals are essential for normal CNS functioning, and metal imbalances have been linked to demyelination and neurodegeneration. Using a multidisciplinary approach involving synchrotron techniques, iron histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, we compared the distribution and quantification of iron and zinc in MS lesions to the surrounding normal appearing and periplaque white matter, and assessed the involvement of these metals in MS lesion pathogenesis. We found that the distribution of iron and zinc is heterogeneous in MS plaques, and with few remarkable exceptions they do not accumulate in chronic MS lesions. We show that brain iron tends to decrease with increasing age and disease duration of MS patients; reactive astrocytes organized in large astrogliotic areas in a subset of smoldering and inactive plaques accumulate iron and safely store it in ferritin; a subset of smoldering lesions do not contain a rim of iron-loaded macrophages/microglia; and the iron content of shadow plaques varies with the stage of remyelination. Zinc in MS lesions was generally decreased, paralleling myelin loss. Iron accumulates concentrically in a subset of chronic inactive lesions suggesting that not all iron rims around MS lesions equate with smoldering plaques. Upon degeneration of iron-loaded microglia/macrophages, astrocytes may form an additional protective barrier that may prevent iron-induced oxidative damage.
<i>Lrrk2</i> alleles modulate inflammation during microbial infection of mice in a sex-dependent manner (2019)

Variants in the leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (<i>LRRK2</i>) gene are associated with Parkinson's disease, leprosy, and Crohn's disease, three disorders with inflammation as an important component. Because of its high expression in granulocytes and CD68-positive cells, LRRK2 may have a function in innate immunity. We tested this hypothesis in two ways. First, adult mice were intravenously inoculated with <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>, resulting in sepsis. Second, newborn mouse pups were intranasally infected with reovirus (serotype 3 Dearing), which induced encephalitis. In both mouse models, wild-type Lrrk2 expression was protective and showed a sex effect, with female Lrrk2-deficient animals not controlling infection as well as males. Mice expressing Lrrk2 carrying the Parkinson's disease-linked p.G2019S mutation controlled infection better, with reduced bacterial growth and longer animal survival during sepsis. This gain-of-function effect conferred by the p.G2019S mutation was mediated by myeloid cells and was abolished in animals expressing a kinase-dead Lrrk2 variant, p.D1994S. Mouse pups with reovirus-induced encephalitis that expressed the p.G2019S Lrrk2 mutation showed increased mortality despite lower viral titers. The p.G2019S mutant Lrrk2 augmented immune cell chemotaxis and generated more reactive oxygen species during virulent infection. Reovirus-infected brains from mice expressing the p.G2019S mutant Lrrk2 contained higher concentrations of α-synuclein. Animals expressing one or two p.D1994S <i>Lrrk2</i> alleles showed lower mortality from reovirus-induced encephalitis. Thus, <i>Lrrk2</i> alleles may alter the course of microbial infections by modulating inflammation, and this may be dependent on the sex and genotype of the host as well as the type of pathogen.