gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design based classification for process window defect characterization of BEOL ADI layers (2012)

As design rules shrink, lithographers incorporate complex resolution enhancement techniques (RETs) that enable lithographers to extend existing lithographic processes to print features smaller than the wavelength of light used — a process called sub-wavelength lithography. These enhancements include optical proximity correction (OPC) and phase shift mask (PSM) technology, which together reduce the size and fine-tune the shape of features on the wafer. During the photolithography patterning process, marginal RET designs can print as out-of-focus features-or not print at all, creating open circuits that translate to electrical failures within the device. Two major variables, which affect the pattern printed on the wafer, are focus and exposure (dose). A number of techniques are used today to identify the process window accurately like Focus Exposure Matrix (FEM), CD SEM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> and Process Window Qualification (PWQ). These techniques enable lithographers to understand the consequences of operating near the boundaries of the process window — allowing more informed decisions about whether to redesign the reticle or fine-tune inline defect and CD monitoring efforts to minimize the impact of the systematic defects on device yield. Particularly in back end of line (BEOL) After Develop Inspect (ADI) layers, nuisance defects (such as defects that are not visible on scanning electron microscope, defects on dummy structures, or other defects that do not affect yield) are so common, that sampling a statistically significant number of defects of interest (DOI) for PWQ becomes very time consuming and involves a lot of human effort. This paper describes the use of Design Based Classification (DBC) together with an AutoPWQ technique to improve time to results and to monitor BEOL ADI layers for process window drift. The combination of AutoPWQ + DBC method was compared to AutoPWQ alone as well as to FEM with manual sampling.
Images of the Past. 7 years of Images for the Future (2017)

Over a period of seven years Sound and Vision, EYE Film Institute, the National Archives and Kennisland preserved over 90,000 hours of video, 20,000 hours of film, some 100,000 hours of audio and 2,500,000 photos. The digitised material is now being reused for numerous purposes, from lesson material and Wikipedia to apps and services for the creative industry. Images for the Future has played a pioneering role in both the development of large-scale digitisation processes and the thinking on the role of heritage organisations in our digital society.
First‐in‐human study of a pharmacological duodenal exclusion therapy shows reduced postprandial glucose and insulin and increased bile acid and gut hormone concentrations (2023)

GLY-200 is safe and generally well tolerated at doses of ≤2.0 g twice daily. Pharmacodynamic results mimic the biomarker signature observed after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and duodenal exclusion devices, indicating a pharmacological effect in the proximal small intestine. This study represents the first clinical demonstration that duodenal exclusion can be achieved with an oral drug and supports further development of GLY-200 for the treatment of obesity and/or T2D.
Ternary Antimonides YbTSb (T: Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au) — Synthesis, Structure, Homogeneity Ranges, and <sup>121</sup>Sb Moessbauer Spectroscopy. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Expression of Heterologous OsDHAR Gene Improves Glutathione (GSH)-Dependent Antioxidant System and Maintenance of Cellular Redox Status in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (2020)

An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause severe oxidative damage to cellular components in photosynthetic cells. Antioxidant systems, such as the glutathione (GSH) pools, regulate redox status in cells to guard against such damage. Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) catalyzes the glutathione-dependent reduction of oxidized ascorbate (dehydroascorbate) and contains a redox active site and glutathione binding-site. The DHAR gene is important in biological and abiotic stress responses involving reduction of the oxidative damage caused by ROS. In this study, transgenic Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (TA) was constructed by cloning the Oryza sativa L. japonica DHAR (OsDHAR) gene controlled by an isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter (Ptrc) into the cyanobacterium to study the functional activities of OsDHAR under oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide exposure. OsDHAR expression increased the growth of S. elongatus PCC 7942 under oxidative stress by reducing the levels of hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde (MDA) and mitigating the loss of chlorophyll. DHAR and glutathione S-transferase activity were higher than in the wild-type S. elongatus PCC 7942 (WT). Additionally, overexpression of OsDHAR in S. elongatus PCC 7942 greatly increased the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide. These results strongly suggest that DHAR attenuates deleterious oxidative effects via the glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant system in cyanobacterial cells. The expression of heterologous OsDHAR in S. elongatus PCC 7942 protected cells from oxidative damage through a GSH-dependent antioxidant system via GSH-dependent reactions at the redox active site and GSH binding site residues during oxidative stress.
Structured material for the production of hydrogen (2023)

The present invention provides composite biological devices that include biological material as an integral component thereof. The devices can be used for producing hydrogen gas, for example.
The use of human amniotic fluid stem cells as an adjunct to promote pulmonary development in a rabbit model for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (2015)

HAFSC exert an additional effect on TO leading to a decrease in MTBD, a measure of alveolar number surrounding the terminal bronchioles, without signs of toxicity. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online Monitoring of Intelligent Polymers for Drug Release with Hyperpolarized Xenon (2012)

Welcome to the guest zone: By combining hyperpolarized xenon and simple low-field NMR devices it is possible to obtain more control over hydrogels that show potential as drug delivery systems. An alternative way of polymer swelling-degree determination is demonstrated with real-time NMR analysis. An ideal region for solvent uptake can be defined in which the absorbed solvent molecules are completely confined in the nano-porous network of the hydrogel.
The detection and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA biomarkers in wastewater influent in Helsinki, Finland (2020)

Abstract Wastewater-based surveillance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used to monitor the population-level prevalence of the COVID-19 disease. In many cases, due to lockdowns or analytical delays, the analysis of wastewater samples might only be possible after prolonged storage. In this study, the effect of storage conditions on the RNA copy numbers of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater influent was studied and compared to the persistence of norovirus over time at 4°C, −20°C, and −75°C using the reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays E-Sarbeco, N2, and norovirus GII. For the first time in Finland, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was tested in 24 h composite influent wastewater samples collected from Viikinmäki wastewater treatment plant, Helsinki, Finland. The detected and quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy numbers of the wastewater sample aliquots taken during 19–20 April 2020 and stored for 29, 64, and 84 days remained surprisingly stable. In the stored samples, the SARS betacoronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 copy numbers, but not the norovirus GII copy numbers, seemed slightly higher when analyzed from the pre-centrifuged pellet—that is, the particulate matter of the influent—as compared with the supernatant (i.e., water fraction) used for ultrafiltration, although the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, when wastewater was spiked with SARS-CoV-2, linear decay at 4°C was observed on the first 28 days, while no decay was visible within 58 days at −20°C or −75°C. In conclusion, freezing temperatures should be used for storage when immediate SARS-CoV-2 RNA analysis from the wastewater influent is not possible. Analysis of the particulate matter of the sample, in addition to the water fraction, can improve the detection frequency.
Pancreatoduodenectomy for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: An AFCE (Association Francophone de Chirurgie Endocrinienne) and GTE (Groupe d’étude des Tumeurs Endocrines) Study (2021)

In MEN1 patients, pancreatoduodenectomy can be used to control hormone secretions (gastrin, glucagon, VIP) and to remove large NETs. PD was found to control gastrin secretions in about 60% of cases.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ic gene from Serratia marcescens (1992)

The DNA sequence of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ic gene from Serratia marcescens, which had been previously cloned (H. M. Champion, P. M. Bennett, D. A. Lewis, and D. S. Reeves, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 22:587-596, 1988) was determined. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of extracts prepared from Escherichia coli carrying the chromosomal aac(6')-Ic gene on a plasmid confirmed the presence of 6'-N-acetyltransferase activity in this strain, which was suggested by the aminoglycoside resistance profile. DNA sequence analysis of the cloned 2,057-bp PstI fragment revealed several regions of homology to previously characterized sequences from GenBank, including the rpoD and tRNA-2 genes of E. coli. Subcloning experiments confirmed the coding sequence of the aac(6')-Ic gene to be at positions 1554 to 1992. The predicted amino acid sequence of the AAC(6')-Ic protein suggested that it was the third member of a family of AAC(6') proteins which included a coding region identified between the aadB and aadA genes of Tn4000 and an AAC(6') protein encoded by pUO490, which was isolated from Enterobacter cloacae. Primer extension analysis suggested that the -35 region of the aac(6')-Ic promoter overlapped a large palindromic sequence which may be involved in the regulation of the aac(6')-Ic gene. Hybridization experiments utilizing a restriction fragment from the aac(6')-Ic gene showed that all S. marcescens organisms carried this gene whether or not the AAC(6')-I resistance profile was expressed. Organisms other than Serratia spp. did not hybridize to this probe.
Neurologische Regulierung humaner Lebensprozesse (2019)

Kurzfassung Ganzheitliche, enzyklopadieartige Zusammenfassung uber physiologische Funktionen und Krankheiten des Zentralen und Peripheren Nervensystems, zur Verwendung wahrend gradualen und post-gradualen Unterrichts. Es integriert „vertikal“ von der Grundlage zur Wissenschaft der Informationen, welche im Curriculum der medizinischen Ausbildung von verschiedenen Disziplinen vorgestellt werden. Ein spezielles Merkmal dieser Arbeit ist es, Kapitel vorzustellen um ein besseres Verstandnis der Beziehung zwischen Verhalten (Personlichkeit) und Hirnfunktion zu erreichen. Jedes Kapitel ist von Fachleuten uberpruft, durch einen unabhangigen Experten, hauptsachlich Mitglieder einer der anderen Medizinischen Hochschulen Ungarns.
High Rate of Cytomegalovirus Detection in Cholestatic Preterm Infants (2021)

<b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in preterm infants with cholestasis. <b>Study design:</b> Preterm infants (<37 weeks gestational age) with cholestasis were tested for CMV DNA using Taqman PCR in blood cells from sedimented whole blood, plasma, and urine. Infants were regarded as positive for CMV if any sample was tested positive. Their mothers were tested for CMV serostatus simultaneously. A control group of non-cholestatic preterm infants, and their mothers, were tested at a similar age. <b>Results:</b> A total of 69 preterm infants with a median gestational age of 26 weeks and 5 days were included, 45 cholestatic and 24 non-cholestatic. Of the cholestatic infants, 31/45 (69%) were CMV positive vs. 3/24 (13%) of the non-cholestatic infants (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Cholestatic infants were equally preterm as the non-cholestatic ones, but were more severely ill. After adjusting for the risk factors necrotizing enterocolitis, prolonged parenteral nutrition, and gestational age, being CMV positive remained significantly associated with cholestasis in a multivariable logistic regression model. Characteristics of CMV-positive and -negative cholestatic infants showed differences only for necrotizing enterocolitis, occurring in 55% (17/31) of CMV positive vs. 21% (3/14) of CMV negative (<i>p</i> = 0.054), and mortality. Eight cholestatic CMV-positive infants died (26%) vs. none of the CMV-negative infants (<i>p</i> = 0.044). <b>Conclusions:</b> CMV DNA was detected in two out of three cholestatic preterm infants, by far more often than in the non-cholestatic control group. Cholestasis with simultaneous detection of CMV DNA may be associated with increased mortality.
20 kW CW Power Couplers for the APS-U Harmonic Cavity (2015)

A pair of 20 kW CW adjustable RF power couplers optimized for 1.4 GHz have been designed and are being built as part of the APS-U bunch lengthening system. The system uses one superconducting RF cavity to be installed into the APS Upgrade electron storage ring and will provide a tremendous practical benefit to the majority of users by increasing the beam lifetime by 2-3 times. The 80 mm diameter, 50 Ω coaxial couplers include 4 cm (~20 dB) of adjustability. This allows optimization of bunch lengthening for a range of storage ring beam currents and fill patterns while, simultaneously, maintaining the required 0.84 MV harmonic cavity voltage. To provide bunch lengthening, the cavity/coupler system must extract RF power (up to 32 kW) from the beam. Each coupler will transmit roughly half of the total extracted power to external water-cooled loads. The design extends upon on a well-tested ANL two RF window concept, using a pair of simple rugged 80 mm diameter alumina disks. A new feature is the ‘hourglass-shaped’ inner conductor chosen to maximize transmission at 1.4 GHz. Results of electromagnetic and thermal simulations, as well as, prototyping and initial RF testing are presented.
Mechanisms of visible photoluminescence in porous silicon (1994)

We propose a model for porous silicon, an irregular structure obtained by removing some silicon atoms randomly from a perfect silicon crystal. It is shown by using two-dimensional clusters with a tight-binding model that this model exhibits the energy-gap widening and the nonexponential decay of the photoluminescence (PL), which are in good agreement with the observed properties of porous silicon. In this model, the energy-gap widening is due to the localization of eigenstates caused by the randomness of the structure. The distributions in both size and position of the localized eigenstates, i.e., a statistical effect, yield nonexponential PL decay which is describable by the stretched exponential function. A dynamical effect due to electron and hole hopping between the eigenstates explains the observed strong energy dependence of the PL lifetimes.
Characterization of Biofilm Extracts from Two Marine Bacteria (2019)

In the marine environment, biofilm formation is an important lifestyle for microorganisms. A biofilm is comprised of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix that holds them close together and keeps the biofilm attached to the colonized surface. This predominant lifestyle and its main regulation pathway, namely quorum-sensing (QS), have been shown to induce specific bioactive metabolites. In this study, we investigated the biofilm formation by two marine bacteria belonging to the Vibrio species to discover potentially innovative bioactive compounds. We proposed a protocol to isolate biofilm extracts, to analyze their biochemical composition, and to compare them to planktonic cell extracts. Cells were grown attached to a plastic surface; extracts were prepared in water, NaOH, or in ethyl acetate and analyzed. Extracellular matrix components featured carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and low amount of DNA. Carbohydrates appeared to be the main constituent of biofilm but also of the planktonic cell supernatant. Moreover, antimicrobial and QS-signaling activities were evidenced in extracts.
Data from Silencing of Human Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Protein 4 Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Apoptosis and Cell Growth Arrest (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The current therapeutic approach is not so effective in breast cancer patients. Alternative treatment protocols aimed at different targets need to be explored. We recently reported a novel phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein, human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (hPEBP4), as an antiapoptotic molecule. The finding led us to explore a promising approach for breast cancer therapy via silencing the expression of hPEBP4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; hPEBP4 expression in clinical breast specimens was examined by Tissue Microarrays. RNA interference was used to silence hPEBP4 expression in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and the effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, as well as underlying mechanisms, were investigated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; hPEBP4 was found to be expressed in up to 50% of breast cancers but in only &lt;4% of normal breast tissues. Silencing of hPEBP4 potentiated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells, which was due to the increased mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and the enhanced phosphatidylethanolamine externalization. Further investigation showed that silencing of hPEBP4 in MCF-7 cells promoted TNF-α-induced stability of p53, up-regulation of phospho-p53&lt;sup&gt;ser15&lt;/sup&gt;, p21&lt;sup&gt;waf/cip&lt;/sup&gt;, and Bax, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, which were shown to depend on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-jun NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-terminal kinase activation by hPEBP4 silencing. Moreover, the increased proportion of cells in the G&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;-G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; phase of cell cycle was observed in hPEBP4-silenced MCF-7 cells on TNF-α treatment and the expression of cyclin A and cyclin E was down-regulated more significantly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The antiapoptotic effect and the preferential expression pattern in breast cancer tissues make hPEBP4 a new target for breast cancer therapy. Silencing of hPEBP4 expression may be a promising approach for the treatment of breast carcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptor Blockade Potentiates the Effect of Duloxetine on Sneeze Induced Urethral Continence Reflex in Rats (2010)

Findings support the concept that combination therapy with alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists may be an effective, novel strategy to reinforce the clinical efficacy of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for stress urinary incontinence.
RNA polymerase sigma factor determines start-site selection but is not required for upstream promoter element activation on heteroduplex (bubble) templates (1997)

Sequence-selective transcription by bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) requires sigma factor that participates in both promoter recognition and DNA melting. RNAP lacking sigma (core enzyme) will initiate RNA synthesis from duplex ends, nicks, gaps, and single-stranded regions. We have used DNA templates containing short regions of heteroduplex (bubbles) to compare initiation in the presence and absence of various sigma factors. Using bubble templates containing the sigmaD-dependent flagellin promoter, with or without its associated upstream promoter (UP) element, we demonstrate that UP element stimulation occurs efficiently even in the absence of sigma. This supports a model in which the UP element acts primarily through the alpha subunit of core enzyme to increase the initial association of RNAP with the promoter. Core and holoenzyme do differ substantially in the template positions chosen for initiation: sigmaD restricts initiation to sites 8-9 nucleotides downstream of the conserved -10 element. Remarkably, sigmaA also has a dramatic effect on start-site selection even though the sigmaA holoenzyme is inactive on the corresponding homoduplexes. The start sites chosen by the sigmaA holoenzyme are located 8 nucleotides downstream of sequences on the nontemplate strand that resemble the conserved -10 hexamer recognized by sigmaA. Thus, sigmaA appears to recognize the -10 region even in a single-stranded state. We propose that in addition to its described roles in promoter recognition and start-site melting, sigma also localizes the transcription start site.
Relationship between high internal-phase Pickering emulsions and catastrophic inversion (2013)

An emulsion can undergo a catastrophic inversion from water droplets in oil to oil droplets in water driven by a change in the proportions of the two liquids. This can occur without hysteresis in particle-stabilized emulsions, an effect that was first systematically studied in emulsions of water and toluene stabilized by partially hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. Here we study experimentally how emulsions, comprised of these same ingredients, close to the composition at which inversion occurs respond to changes in the emulsification parameters and the quantity of particles. We argue that this inversion is driven by the flow properties of the phases under different mixing conditions. We thus identify the conditions under which a long-lived emulsion containing a high volume-fraction of droplets can form.
Health Behavior Theory in Popular Calorie Counting Apps: A Content Analysis (2016)

Most of the calorie counting apps in the sample contained minimal health behavior theory.
Weak anti-localization of two-dimensional holes in germanium beyond the diffusive regime (2018)

Gate-controllable spin-orbit coupling is often one requisite for spintronic devices. For practical spin field-effect transistors, another essential requirement is ballistic spin transport, where the spin precession length is shorter than the mean free path such that the gate-controlled spin precession is not randomized by disorder. In this letter, we report the observation of a gate-induced crossover from weak localization to weak anti-localization in the magneto-resistance of a high-mobility two-dimensional hole gas in a strained germanium quantum well. From the magneto-resistance, we extract the phase-coherence time, spin-orbit precession time, spin-orbit energy splitting, and cubic Rashba coefficient over a wide density range. The mobility and the mean free path increase with increasing hole density, while the spin precession length decreases due to increasingly stronger spin-orbit coupling. As the density becomes larger than ∼6 × 1011 cm-2, the spin precession length becomes shorter than the mean free path, and the system enters the ballistic spin transport regime. We also report here the numerical methods and code developed for calculating the magneto-resistance in the ballistic regime, where the commonly used HLN and ILP models for analyzing weak localization and anti-localization are not valid. These results pave the way toward silicon-compatible spintronic devices.