gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Addition of hydroxide, alkoxide, and carboxylate anions to platinum-bonded ethylene (1990)

The cation [Pt(η2-C2H4)Cl(tmen)]+(1)(tmen =N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) reacts with water and alcohol under basic conditions to give nucleophilic addition of hydroxide and alkoxide anions to ethylene and formation of [Pt(CH2CH2OH)Cl(tmen)](4) and [Pt(CH2CH2OR)Cl(tmen)][R = Me (2) or Et (3)] respectively. Compound (4), either in solution or in the solid, undergoes a condensation reaction with formation of [(tmen)ClPt(CH2CH2OCH2CH2)PtCl(tmen)](5). Compound (1) reacts also with excess of acetate in water to give the ester complex [Pt{CH2CH2OC(O)Me}Cl(tmen)](6). Compound (6), in the solid state, slowly dissociates to acetate anion and cation (1), redissolution in chloroform restoring the original species. Compounds (3)–(6), dissolved in methanol, are transformed into (2).
Identification of <i>Leishmania infantum chagasi</i> proteins in urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a promising antigen discovery approach of vaccine candidates (2012)

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious lethal parasitic disease caused by Leishmania donovani in Asia and by Leishmania infantum chagasi in southern Europe and South America. VL is endemic in 47 countries with an annual incidence estimated to be 500,000 cases. This high incidence is due in part to the lack of an efficacious vaccine. Here, we introduce an innovative approach to directly identify parasite vaccine candidate antigens that are abundantly produced in vivo in humans with VL. We combined RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry and categorized three L. infantum chagasi proteins, presumably produced in spleen, liver and bone marrow lesions and excreted in the patients' urine. Specifically, these proteins were the following: Li-isd1 (XP_001467866.1), Li-txn1 (XP_001466642.1) and Li-ntf2 (XP_001463738.1). Initial vaccine validation studies were performed with the rLi-ntf2 protein produced in Escherichia coli mixed with the adjuvant BpMPLA-SE. This formulation stimulated potent Th1 response in BALB/c mice. Compared to control animals, mice immunized with Li-ntf2+ BpMPLA-SE had a marked parasite burden reduction in spleens at 40 days post-challenge with virulent L. infantum chagasi. These results strongly support the proposed antigen discovery strategy of vaccine candidates to VL and opens novel possibilities for vaccine development to other serious infectious diseases.
Exohedral Hydrogen Chemisorption on a Carbon Nanotube: The Clustering Effect (2011)

Density functional theory-based calculations of the (10,0) zigzag single-walled carbon nanotube with hydrogen chemisorbed exohedrally show that electron pairing and strain minimization lead hydrogen atoms to cluster and preferentially sit in axial configurations. This tendency to confine in highly ordered configurations contrasts with the results we obtain when we employ the widely used force field AIREBO that predicts a preference for a sparse hydrogen distribution. The nature of the frontier orbitals is significantly dependent on the specific configuration of the adsorbate, being either unperturbed delocalized states of the bare nanotube or localized “impurity” states. The infrared absorption spectrum calculated for a model with hydrogen bound both on the surface and at the edges of the nanotube allows an unambiguous assignment of the characteristic features observed for hydrogenated single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Atomic resolution study of the interfacial bonding at Si3N4/CeO2−δ grain boundaries (2008)

Using a combination of atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the scanning transmission electron microscope, we examine the atomic and electronic structures at the interface between Si3N4 (101¯0) and CeO2−d intergranular film (IGF). Ce atoms are observed to segregate to the interface in a two-layer periodic arrangement, which is significantly different from the structure observed in a previous study. Our EELS experiments show (i) oxygen in direct contact with the terminating Si3N4 open-ring structures, (ii) a change in the Ce valence from a nominal oxidation state of +3 to almost +4 moving from the interface into the IGF, and (iii) a uniform concentration of Si in the film.
Erythroid Induction of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia K562 Cells Following Treatment with a Photoproduct Derived from the UV‐A Irradiation of 5‐Methoxypsoralen (2010)

Induction of terminal erythroid differentiation can be an efficient strategy to inhibit proliferation of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Psoralens, well-known photo-chemotherapeutic agents, were found to be efficient at inducing erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, an in vitro cell line isolated from the pleural effusion of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. The effects of crude pre-irradiated solutions of 5-methoxypsoralen on erythroid differentiation of human leukemic K-562 cells were evaluated. The major photoproduct was characterized and analyzed, and it was found to induce erythroid differentiation of K562 cells and inhibit NF-kappaB/DNA interactions.
CorNET: Deep Learning Framework for PPG-Based Heart Rate Estimation and Biometric Identification in Ambulant Environment (2019)

Advancements in wireless sensor network technologies have enabled the proliferation of miniaturized body-worn sensors, capable of long-term pervasive biomedical signal monitoring. Remote cardiovascular monitoring has been one of the beneficiaries of this development, resulting in non-invasive, photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors being used in ambulatory settings. Wrist-worn PPG, although a popular alternative to electrocardiogram, suffers from motion artifacts inherent in daily life. Hence, in this paper, we present a novel deep learning framework (CorNET) to efficiently estimate heart rate (HR) information and perform biometric identification (BId) using only a wrist-worn, single-channel PPG signal collected in ambulant environment. We have formulated a completely personalized data-driven approach, using a four-layer deep neural network. Two convolution neural network layers are used in conjunction with two long short-term memory layers, followed by a dense output layer for modeling the temporal sequence inherent within the pulsatile signal representative of cardiac activity. The final dense layer is customized with respect to the application, functioning as: regression layer-having a single neuron to predict HR; classification layer-two neurons that identify a subject among a group. The proposed network was evaluated on the TROIKA dataset having 22 PPG records collected during various physical activities. We achieve a mean absolute error of 1.47 ± 3.37 beats per minute for HR estimation and an average accuracy of 96% for BId on 20 subjects. CorNET was further evaluated successfully in an ambulant use-case scenario with custom sensors for two subjects.
Path loss measurements for low-antenna links in urban street environments (2014)

This paper presents line-of-sight (LoS) path loss characteristics for low-antenna links in urban street environments to account for propagation channels in mobile-to-mobile direct communications. The key variables, from the perspective of horizontal and vertical planes of such environments, are street width and surrounding building height. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the environmental variables on path loss, based on measurement campaigns. To emulate a mobile-to-mobile direct communication link, both a transmitter and a receiver are installed in vehicles so that the antennas are held to near-street levels. Path loss measurements are collected at a carrier frequency of 3.7 GHz with an omni 1×4-antenna configuration. The measured results show that the building height does affect the path loss behavior, but that the street width does not. In particular, the path loss exponent after the break point decreases as the building height increases.
USING TUMOR MARKERS TO PREDICT THE SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (2005)

In patients with clear cell RCC a prognostic model for survival that includes molecular and clinical predictors is significantly more accurate than a standard clinical model using the combination of stage, histological grade and performance status.
Supplementary Methods from CD95L Cell Surface Cleavage Triggers a Prometastatic Signaling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 115K&lt;/p&gt;
Electromagnetic Reciprocity. (2014)

A reciprocity theorem is an explicit mathematical relationship between two different wavefields that can exist within the same space - time configuration. Reciprocity theorems provi de the theoretical underpinning for mod ern full waveform inversion solutions, and also suggest practical strategies for speed ing up large - scale numerical modeling of geophysical datasets . In the present work, several previously - developed electromagnetic r eciprocity theorems are generalized to accommodate a broader range of medi um, source , and receiver types. Reciprocity relations enabling the interchange of various types of point sources and point receivers within a three - dimensional electromagnetic model are derived. Two numerical modeling algorithms in current use are successfully tested for adherence to reciprocity. Finally, the reciprocity theorem forms the point of departure for a lengthy derivation of electromagnetic Frechet derivatives. These mathe matical objects quantify the sensitivity of geophysical electromagnetic data to variatio ns in medium parameters, and thus constitute indispensable tools for solution of the full waveform inverse problem. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sandia National Labor atories is a multi - program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE - AC04 - 94AL85000. Signif icant portions of the work reported herein were conducted under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and CARBO Ceramics Incorporated. The author acknowledges Mr. Chad Cannan and Mr. Terry Pa lisch of CARBO Ceramics, and Ms. Amy Halloran, manager of SNL's Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences Department, for their interest in and encouragement of this work. Special thanks are due to Dr . Lewis C. Bartel ( recently retired from Sandia National Labo ratories and now a geophysical consultant ) and Dr. Chester J. Weiss (recently rejoined with Sandia National Laboratories) for many stimulating (and reciprocal!) discussions regar ding the topic at hand.
Контроль и диагностика изоляторов линий электропередачи (2013)

В данной работе проведена классификация методов диагностики и контроля изолирующих конструкций, описаны особенности применения бесконтактных методов на примере камер ночного видения и тепловизора. Предложено применение разработанного «Устройства для определения дефектов в изоляторах». В качестве параметра срабатывания предлагается  использовать ток пробоя изолятора, выявляющего неисправность диэлектрика с помощью сигнального устройства. Приведены результаты испытаний работоспособности устройства на поверхностный ток и сквозной ток пробоя Проблему диагностики опорной изоляции авторы предлагают разрешить, установив индикатор неисправности с применением механических, термических или радиочастотных способов контроля.
The ergonomics of jettisoning escape hatches in a ditched helicopter. (1994)

The first formal investigation of the problem of location, operation and jettison of escape windows and hatches of helicopters following ditching has been conducted in a new simulator. There were 48 aircrew who attempted 298 escapes using a variety of 24 escape routes and 9 different types of escape hatches. Overall results, while superficially indicating that the task was easy, in fact revealed many unforeseen problems. Specifically, there was no standardization of hatches and levers, there were problems with location and operation of levers principally due to poor design, and an ergonomics study has not been conducted to investigate the problem. Underwater escape training with hatches in position must be mandatory for all who fly off-shore or over water for a living, and further research should be conducted to design a better standard hatch and jettison system.
ERM (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin)-based Molecular Mechanism of Microvillar Breakdown at an Early Stage of Apoptosis (1997)

Breakdown of microvilli is a common early event in various types of apoptosis, but its molecular mechanism and implications remain unclear. ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) proteins are ubiquitously expressed microvillar proteins that are activated in the cytoplasm, translocate to the plasma membrane, and function as general actin filament/plasma membrane cross-linkers to form microvilli. Immunofluorescence microscopic and biochemical analyses revealed that, at the early phase of Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis in L cells expressing Fas (LHF), ERM proteins translocate from the plasma membranes of microvilli to the cytoplasm concomitant with dephosphorylation. When the FasL-induced dephosphorylation of ERM proteins was suppressed by calyculin A, a serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor, the cytoplasmic translocation of ERM proteins was blocked. The interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) protease inhibitors suppressed the dephosphorylation as well as the cytoplasmic translocation of ERM proteins. These findings indicate that during FasL-induced apoptosis, the ICE protease cascade was first activated, and then ERM proteins were dephosphorylated followed by their cytoplasmic translocation, i.e., microvillar breakdown. Next, to examine the subsequent events in microvillar breakdown, we prepared DiO-labeled single-layered plasma membranes with the cytoplasmic surface freely exposed from FasL-treated or nontreated LHF cells. On single-layered plasma membranes from nontreated cells, ERM proteins and actin filaments were densely detected, whereas those from FasL-treated cells were free from ERM proteins or actin filaments. We thus concluded that the cytoplasmic translocation of ERM proteins is responsible for the microvillar breakdown at an early phase of apoptosis and that the depletion of ERM proteins from plasma membranes results in the gross dissociation of actin-based cytoskeleton from plasma membranes. The physiological relevance of this ERM protein-based microvillar breakdown in apoptosis will be discussed.
P(VDF–TrFE) based spiral thermo-magneto-electric generators for harvesting low grade thermal energy (2019)

Abstract Low-grade thermal energy harvesting remains a challenge because of the low Carnot efficiency. Among various thermal energy harvesting mechanisms available for capturing low-grade heat (hot-side temperature less than 100°C), thermomagnetic effect has been found to be the most promising. Developing a high power density thermo-magneto-electric generator (TMEG) requires developments at both materials as well engineering levels. In this study, we propose a novel P(VDF–TrFE) based spiral-shaped cantilever beam for TMEG. Numerical simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics and it was found that spiral beam experiences higher stresses, and consequently exhibits higher voltage output, as compared to rectangular cantilever beam for the same magnitude of tip deflection. Experiments revealed that the spiral structure of dimension 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm generates output voltage of about 4.0 mV, when oscillation displacement is 0.5 mm and oscillation frequency is 1 Hz. The output voltage increases with increase in tip deflection as well as oscillation frequency and a peak voltage of 25 mV is obtained at oscillation frequency of 10 Hz.
Capped mRNAs with Reduced Secondary Structure Can Function in Extracts from Poliovirus-Infected Cells (1982)

Extracts from poliovirus-infected HeLa cells were used to study ribosome binding of native and denatured reovirus mRNAs and translation of capped mRNAs with different degrees of secondary structure. Here, we demonstrate that ribosomes in extracts from poliovirus-infected cells could form initiation complexes with denatured reovirus mRNA, in contrast to their inability to bind native reovirus mRNA. Furthermore, the capped alfalfa mosaic virus 4 RNA, which is most probably devoid of stable secondary structure at its 5' end, could be translated at much higher efficiency than could other capped mRNAs in extracts from poliovirus-infected cells.
Synthesis of 2-O-.ALPHA.-D-Glucopyranosyl L-Ascorbic Acid by Cyclomaltodextrin Glucanotransferase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. (1991)

glucanotransferase (CGTase) [EC 2.4.1.19] was found to catalyze the transglycosylation from a-cyclodextrin (a-CD) to L-ascorbic acid (AA). A main product formed by this reaction was identified as 2-0-a-D-glucopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) with the enzymatic hydrolysis and ultraviolet absorption spectra using standard AA-2G.Aseries of maltooligosaccharide substituted 2-0-derivatives of AAwere also detected by HPLC. These were thoroughly hydrolized to AA-2G and glucose by treatment with glucoamylase [EC 3.2.1.3].
Time and frequency domain methods to evaluate grounding strategies for medium voltage DC shipboard power systems (2013)

Several key performance parameters of shipboard power systems are affected by the grounding scheme applied. The grounding scheme impacts the nature of voltage transients during switching events and faults, identifiability and locatability of ground faults, fault current levels, and power quality. Power system simulations play an important role in choosing an appropriate grounding scheme and optimizing its components. The tools typically used for power system analysis need to be carefully tested to determine if they are appropriate for modeling effects of different grounding schemes and in particular the high frequency transients. This paper sheds light on modeling and validation techniques specific to grounding models. Furthermore, insight is provided to present research into new types of power system modeling techniques based on scattering parameters for improved accuracy at higher frequencies of interest. A testbed designed to study the impact of different types of grounding schemes is also introduced and first characterization measurements in the frequency domain provided. The paper concludes with an outlook to future work, which will focus on rigorous validation of the models developed.
Phosphorylation Regulates Tau Interactions with Src Homology 3 Domains of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Phospholipase Cγ1, Grb2, and Src Family Kinases (2008)

The microtubule-associated protein tau can associate with various other proteins in addition to tubulin, including the SH3 domains of Src family tyrosine kinases. Tau is well known to aggregate to form hyperphosphorylated filamentous deposits in several neurodegenerative diseases (tauopathies) including Alzheimer disease. We now report that tau can bind to SH3 domains derived from the p85alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase Cgamma1, and the N-terminal (but not the C-terminal) SH3 of Grb2 as well as to the kinases Fyn, cSrc, and Fgr. However, the short inserts found in neuron-specific isoforms of Src prevented the binding of tau. The experimentally determined binding of tau peptides is well accounted for when modeled into the peptide binding cleft in the SH3 domain of Fyn. After phosphorylation in vitro or in transfected cells, tau showed reduced binding to SH3 domains; no binding was detected with hyperphosphorylated tau isolated from Alzheimer brain, but SH3 binding was restored by phosphatase treatment. Tau mutants with serines and threonines replaced by glutamate, to mimic phosphorylation, showed reduced SH3 binding. These results strongly suggest that tau has a potential role in cell signaling in addition to its accepted role in cytoskeletal assembly, with regulation by phosphorylation that may be disrupted in the tauopathies including Alzheimer disease.
Prevascularized, multiple-layered cell sheets of direct cardiac reprogrammed cells for cardiac repair (2020)

We previously demonstrated that the efficiency of direct cardiac reprogramming from fibroblasts could be enhanced via mimicking of the in vivo cardiac microenvironment through coculture with cardiomyocytes and by providing electric cues. In the present study, we developed cell sheets using the direct cardiac reprogrammed cells and a nanothin, nanoporous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) membrane. Cell sheets were laid layer-by-layer and prevacularized with endothelial cells between the layers. These prevascularized, multilayered cell sheets were implanted on the epicardium of infarcted rat hearts, which led to an improvement in cardiac function and reduction in adverse cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, the in vivo mimicking direct cardiac reprogramming and prevascularization technique can enhance the efficiency of cell sheets in clinical applications and provide new opportunities to prevent heart failure following MI.
Experimental Evaluation of Teleoperation Interfaces for Cutting of Satellite Insulation (2019)

On-orbit servicing of satellites is complicated by the fact that almost all existing satellites were not designed to be serviced. This creates a number of challenges, one of which is to cut and partially remove the protective thermal blanketing that encases a satellite prior to performing the servicing operation. A human operator on Earth can perform this task telerobotically, but must overcome difficulties presented by the multi-second round-trip telemetry delay between the satellite and the operator and the limited, or even obstructed, views from the available cameras.This paper reports the results of ground-based experiments with trained NASA robot teleoperators to compare our recently-reported augmented virtuality visualization to the conventional camera-based visualization. We also compare the master console of a da Vinci surgical robot to the conventional teleoperation interface. The results show that, for the cutting task, the augmented virtuality visualization can improve operator performance compared to the conventional visualization, but that operators are more proficient with the conventional control interface than with the da Vinci master console.
Students participate in mars sample return Rover field tests (2000)

The Field Integrated Design and Operations (FIDO) Rover, a prototype vehicle designed to rehearse operations for the Mars Sample Return missions and associated Athena Rover, was put through a suite of field trials in the Silver Lake area of the Mojave Desert in April and October 1999. The trials also provided an opportunity to foster active involvement of students in rover missions using inquiry‐based study An integrated team of more than two dozen high school students and their teachers from Los Angeles, Phoenix, Ithaca, and St. Louis (LAPIS) developed and implemented their own FIDO‐based rover mission that employed long‐distance traverses to explore terrains and make discoveries. LAPIS team members from each city were paired with local science mentors who are part of the Athena Science Team to ensure that the LAPIS activities furthered the overall mission objectives at Silver Lake and to provide expert advice.The students learned to work as a geographically distributed team, developed hypotheses to test, commanded the rover via the Internet to test their hypotheses, analyzed data, and generated their own Web site and archives. Post‐LAPIS assessments demonstrated that the participants gained new communication and information technology skills, an enhanced ability to cut across traditional disciplines to solve problems, and a greater understanding of planetary exploration and discovery Further, for some of the students, LAPIS provided the right set of experiences needed to help them define specific career goals in science, mathematics, and engineering.