gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Logic circuits using resonant-tunneling hot electron transistors (RHETs) (2002)

A full adder and 1/2 frequency divider using resonant-tunneling hot electron transistors (RHETs) have been proposed and demonstrated. These circuits make the best use of negative differential conductance, a feature of RHETs, and contain fewer transistors than used in conventional circuits. The RHETs were fabricated using self-aligned InGaAs RHETs and WSiN thin-film resistors on a single chip. The RHETs have an i-InGaAlAs/i-InGaAs collector barrier that improves the current gain at low collector-base voltages. Circuit operation was confirmed at 77 K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of occupational sites of rare-earth elements on the Curie point in BaTiO/sub 3/ (2003)

The relationship between the dielectric properties and the occupational sites of rare-earth ions in various rare-earth oxides and acceptors (Mg, Mn) substituted BaTiO/sub 3/ was investigated. In the case of La, Sm, Gd and Yb doped samples, T/sub c/ decreased almost linearly with increasing doped content On the other hand, in the case of Dy, Ho and Er doped samples, T/sub c/ decreased in two stages. Furthermore, (Dy, Ho, Er, Yb)- and Mn-substituted samples showed the T/sub c/ shift by re-oxidation treatment, while (La, Sm)- and Mn-substituted samples showed no change. It was confirmed that the behaviors of the T/sub c/ shift were due to the change in predominant occupational site of rare-earth ions in BATiO/sub 3/ lattice.
High-speed fluorescence microscopy of cell signaling (2005)

A high-speed fluorescence microscope was constructed to observe the spatio-temporal dynamics of chemical signals within living cells. Typically, the CCD is gated for <1 microsec. with an ~2 msec. duty cycle to create “stop-action” movies of cells. The fluorescence of endogenous substances and/or exogenous labels was observed. We found that chemical signals travel as waves within cells. These include waves of Ca2+, pH, membrane depolarization and metabolites, which were missed in previous studies because they traverse a cell (d~10 mm) in a time that is much shorter than a typical camera’s shutter speed. Not only are these dynamic chemical structures present in cells, but the initiation points, speeds, locations, and shapes vary. These waves underlie cellular processes such as chemotactic orientation, phagolysosome fusion, phagocytosis, transmembrane signaling, adherence, oxidant production, cell migration, and tumor cell killing. Studies of cell-cell interactions show that immune cells are capable of synchronizing their signaling apparatuses, thus cooperating to mediate target cell destruction. By combining high-speed imaging with conventional biological methods, we have identified novel sites for drug discovery based upon perturbations of chemical waves within cells. We propose that chemical waves in cells travel well-defined pathways at specific times to mediate information transduction, processing and distribution-much like a computer chip.
Giant and isotropic low temperature magnetocaloric effect in magnetic semiconductor EuSe (2013)

We present the giant and isotropic magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in antiferromagnetic semiconductor EuSe. Near the transition temperature TN = 4.6 K, the maximum value of the magnetic entropy change (−ΔSmmax) and the relative cooling power of EuSe for a field change of 5 T are evaluated to be 37.5 J kg−1 K−1 and 580 J kg−1, respectively, based on the magnetization and specific heat data. The −ΔSmmax value of EuSe obtained in this work is the largest among the low temperature (&amp;lt;20 K) magnetic refrigerant materials reported so far, which is even larger than that of the best known room temperature giant MEC materials.
Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence from a Remarkably Simple Boron Difluoride Formazanate Dye (2018)

A boron difluoride formazanate dye that exhibits near-infrared photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence was produced via a straightforward two-step synthesis. Examination of its solid-state structure suggested that the N-aryl substituents have significant quinoidal character, which narrows the S<sub>1</sub> -S<sub>0</sub> energy gap and leads to the unique optoelectronic properties observed. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed two oxidation waves and two reduction waves that were electrochemically reversible. Electrochemiluminescence properties were examined in the presence of tri-n-propylamine, leading to maximum intensity at 910 nm, at least 85 nm (1132 cm<sup>-1</sup> ) red-shifted compared to all other organic dyes. This work sets the stage for the development of future generations of dyes for emerging applications, including single-cell imaging, that require near-infrared photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence.
Benefits of low frequencies for subsalt imaging (2005)

Our analysis shows that frequencies less than 6–7 Hz, if they are recorded in marine surveys, are often very noisy and of little use. Here we analyze the potential benefits of these lower frequencies to justify our extensive acquisition efforts to record them with less noise.
Synthesizing radiation‐hard polymer and copolymers using <i>laccol</i> monomers extracted from lacquer tree <i>toxicodendron succedanea</i> via cationic polymerization (2019)

In recent years, lacquer chemistry stimulated more attention from the scientific community due to its environmental friendly applications. Additionally, the “laccol” possesses promising radiation resistance due to its highly crosslinked polymer network. In nature, lacquer polymerization is induced via enzymatic radical initiation. Herein, as a novel approach, lacquer polymer was synthesized via cationic polymerization with aluminum chloride‐ethyl acetate coinitiator. This approach was further improved by polymerizing copolymers of laccol and styrene designed for use in radiation‐hard materials. The infrared spectroscopic data clearly provide evidence for reactions with trans conjugated double bonds present in long side chain (988 and 966 cm −1 are bending vibrations of conjugated alkenes) of laccol monomer accompanying polymerization. This was further verified with proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. An increase in hardness was observed for all the compositions: remarkably for neat laccol polymer, and 90% and 70% laccol‐styrene copolymers after the gamma irradiation using Co‐60 gamma irradiator. Properties such as thermal stability and hardness were improved after irradiation due to the increase in physical and small amounts of chemical crosslinking. Therefore, the developed materials are suitable candidates to produce radiation‐hard polymer and copolymer coatings for aerospace operations, nuclear reactors, and medicinal and automobile sectors. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1611–1623 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Border Protection and Alien Friends (2004)

It is idle to urge that, because this ship can go anywhere the captain likes to take it, and because the applicant is free to go wherever the ship goes, that he is not imprisoned. What answer is that to this application? Compelling him to stay on board the ship is exactly what the applicant complains of as an illegal restraint upon his liberty.Justice Victor Windeyer
Investigation of a photoconductive closing and opening bulk GaAs semiconductor switch (2005)

This paper describes recent results with the Bulk Optically-controlled Semiconductor Switch (BOSS) concept. The BOSS concept involves the excitation of electrons or holes from selected deep centers in the band gap of silicon doped, copper compensated gallium arsenide. The conductivity of the switch can be increased or decreased on command by irradiating the switch with laser light at different wavelengths in the infrared. Recent switch closing results are reported in which current densities as high as 10 kA/cm/sup 2/ were switched and fields as high as 20 kV/cm were held off. Lock on was observed at the higher fields (10 kV/cm). Strong optical quenching of the induced photoconductivity has been observed that demonstrates the feasibility of using the BOSS as a nanosecond opening switch.
An approach to line-shaped nitrogen plasma production at atmospheric pressure by slot-excited microwave discharge (2017)

For large-area surface treatment processing at atmospheric pressure, a one-dimensional line-shaped plasma source using molecular gas discharge excited by a 2.45 GHz microwave was investigated. From the results of three-dimensional microwave simulation, a flat waveguide is proposed to increase the power density for the enhancement of the electric field inside the slot and easy breakdown and sustainment without markedly increasing the input power. A pure N2 plasma of submeter length was produced by a travelling wave of CW microwave power using the flat waveguide with a narrow-gap slot of 30 cm length incorporated into the loop waveguide system to suppress standing waves. The plasma length was increased by increasing the input microwave power from 1.0 to 2.5 kW and its maximum was about 14 cm. The medium gas temperature of 1100 K was measured from the rotational temperature of the N2 second positive band evaluated by optical emission spectroscopy.
The mean intensity ofo activation than the number of activated voxels is a better index to reflect the levels of visuospatial performance (2005)

This study is to identify the more sensitive method to measure the brain activation by the visuospatial performance level by comparing two different methods of measuremtnt (i.e., a method calculating the number of activated voxels and the other, the mean intensity of activated voxels). Sixteen right-handed male college students (mean age 23.2 years) participated in this study and function brain images were scanned with a 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method during visuospatial performance. There found no brain areas with correlation between the visuospatial performance level and number of activated voxels. However, there found a sifgnificant correlatgion between the visuospatial performance level and the mean intensity of selected activated voxels in the parietal, frontal, and other areas.f In conclusion, the method of meanintensity rather than the one of the number is considered as a better index.
MAPK and JNK transduction pathways can phosphorylate Sp1 to activate the uPA minimal promoter element and endogenous gene transcription (2004)

Two upstream regions of the human urokinase (uPA) gene regulate its transcription: the minimal promoter (MP) and the enhancer element. The activity of the minimal promoter is essential for basal uPA transcription in prostate adenocarcinoma PC3 cells. Binding of a phosphorylated Sp1 transcription factor is, in turn, essential for the activity of the MP. Here we report that the Jun kinase (JNK) pathway is required for the basal activity of the MP and for the expression of the endogenous uPA gene in PC3 cells and for activated transcription in LNCaP cells. On the other hand, the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activates uPA gene expression through Sp1 phosphorylation in HeLa, LNCaP, and CCL39-derivative cells that do not typically express uPA in basal conditions. In HeLa cells the dominant-negative form of JNK interferes with the p42/p44 MAPK activation of the uPA-MP. The results suggest that the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/JNK pathway plays an important role in the phosphorylation of Sp1, which, in turn, leads to basal or activated transcription from the uPA-MP element.
Impact of incorrect tissue classification in Dixon-based MR-AC: fat-water tissue inversion (2014)

Tissue inversion in Dixon MRI is well known and can occur when there is an error in the off-resonance correction method. Tissue inversion needs to be considered if, based on Dixon-AC, the construction of normal PET databases is performed or any quantitative physiological parameters are fitted. Visual inspection is needed if Dixon-AC is to be used in clinical routine.
Performance Improvement of Heat Pipe for Evacuated Solar Collectors (2004)

Heat pipes are considered to be a promising candidate to enhance the heat transport capability of evacuated solar collectors in the medium-high temperature range of 80 to 200℃. The typical geometry and working conditions of heat pipes for this particular application requires high performance wick structure to avoid dry-out and local overheating. Various operating conditions were imposed to simulate the actual operation of solar collectors. Factors included in heat pipe design were selection of working fluid, design of container and internal wick structures, determination of optimum fill charge of working fluid, and configuration of heat source and heat sink. Improvement of the heat pipe performance has been achieved through investigation of heat pipe wick configurations. Furthermore, use of binary mixture as heat pipe working fluid extended operating temperature range of the system.
Temperature sensitivity of photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with ethanol solutions (2015)

In this paper we present a numerical study on the optimization of dispersion of a photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with water-ethanol mixtures. The advantage of such an approach stems from the fact that the dependence of the refractive index on temperature is larger in liquids than in solid materials. Here, we examine photonic crystal fibers with a regular, hexagonal lattice and with various geometrical and material parameters, such as different number of rings of holes, various lattice constants and the size of core and air-holes. Additionally, for the optimized structure with flat dispersion characteristics, we analyze the influence of temperature and concentration of the ethanol solution on the dispersion characteristic and the zero dispersion wavelength shift of the fundamental mode.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Structural and Functional Analyses of an Allosteric EYA2 Phosphatase Inhibitor That Has On-Target Effects in Human Lung Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Compound inhibition of different Eya proteins and Eya mutants.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Cycloisomerization of Alkylidene‐Cyclopropane‐Bearing 1,6‐Diynes. (2014)

Abstract Treatment of 1,6‐diynes (syntheses described) according to A) proceeds diastereoselectively to produce the important 1,2‐trimethylenenorbornane core bearing an exocyclic alkene function.
An Empirical Roofline Methodology for Quantitatively Assessing Performance Portability (2018)

System and node architectures continue to diversify to better balance on-node computation, memory capacity, memory bandwidth, interconnect bandwidth, power, and cost for specific computational workloads. For many application developers, achieving performance portability (effectively exploiting the capabilities of multiple architectures) is a desired goal. Unfortunately, dramatically different per-node performance coupled with differences in machine balance can lead to developers being unable to determine whether they have attained performance portability or simply written portable code. The Roofline model provides a means of quantitatively assessing how well a given application makes use of a target platform's computational capabilities. In this paper, we extend the Roofline model so that it 1) empirically captures a more realistic set of performance bounds for CPUs and GPUs, 2) factors in the true cost of different floating-point instructions when counting FLOPs, 3) incorporates the effects of different memory access patterns, and 4) with appropriate pairing of code performance and Roofline ceiling, facilitates the performance portability analysis.
Gain recovery modeling of quantum cascade lasers (2010)

We present a model to estimate the gain recovery of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). We implement the model for two QCLs with different quantum mechanical designs. It is found that both incoherent scattering and coherent tunnelling are important for gain recovery, however, their relative importance depends on the quantum mechanical design and the operating conditions. Though the details of the gain recovery vary for the two QCLs, a complete gain recovery takes ~ 2 ps in both cases. The results are consistent with the results found in pump-probe experiments.
Chiral Proton Donor Reagents: Tin Tetrachloride Coordinated Optically Active Binaphthol Derivatives (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oscillation of bundle conductors in overhead lines due to turbulent wind (1990)

An analytical methodology to simulate the dynamic behavior of bundle conductors in a turbulent flow is presented. The experimental methodology used in examining the oscillatory behavior of triple-bundled conductors in an operating transmission line is described, and the mathematical model used to predict oscillation amplitudes by comparing the theoretical with the experimental results is validated. The analytical methodology can be used to analyze ice galloping for any kind of bundle, provided the aerodynamic coefficients relevant to the particular ice profiles are known. The results obtained during experiments carried out on a span of an energized 420 kV line equipped with triple bundles and subjected to oscillations due to buffeting are given. The experimental data are compared with the analytical results and satisfactory agreement is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of a high frequency (35-MHz) linear ultrasonic array (2004)

Methods for fabricating and modeling of a high frequency linear ultrasonic array are presented. This array was designed primarily for human eye imaging, and features elements mechanically diced out of a fine grain high density PZT-5H ceramic. Array elements were spaced with a 50 micron pitch, interconnected via a flexible circuit and matched to the 50 Ohm system electronics via a 85 Ohm transmission line coaxial cable. The current array design was based upon tradeoffs between the time domain response bandwidth sensitivity, as well as, the level of array encapsulation and suppression acoustic crosstalk. A prototype four element array was constructed with promising results. An average center frequency of 34 MHz with a -6 dB bandwidth of at least 45% per element was achieved with a 20 dB pulse length of 105 ns. The array performance was compared to a time domain finite element analysis program and excellent agreement between theory and experiment was achieved.
Study the expression and apoptosis of surviving pre-and post-radiotherapy in cervical carcinoma (2010)

Objective To study the correlation between the expression of survivin or its change after radiotherapy and effect in cervical carcinoma.Methods 38 cases of women with cervical carcinoma were treated with radiotherapy.The expression of Survivin pre-and post-radiotherapy was measured by immunohistochemically; and cell apoptosis were examined by TUNEL method,and the re-sponse to the treatment was evaluated.Results The effect of patients with negative survivin of radiotherapy presented better than those with intense Survivin,and difference was significant ( P0.05) .Among the patients who were no change,the expression of Survivin was up-regulated more significantly after radiotherapy than those with partial clinical release,and the difference was significant ( P0.05) ; apoptosis cells with negative Survivin expressed after radiotherapy were increased,and the difference was also significant ( P0.05) .Conclusions Survivin gene may be new target to reverse radiotherapy resist.
&lt;title&gt;Measurements and calculations of microwave radiance and reflectivity for storm-associated frozen hydrometeors&lt;/title&gt; (2000)

During the TEFLUN-B (Texas-Florida under-lights for TRMM) field experiment of August-September, 1998, a number or ER-2 aircraft flights with a host of microwave instruments were conducted over many convective storms, including some hurricanes, in the coastal region of Florida and Texas. These instruments include MIR (Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer), AMPR (Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer), and EDOP (ER-2 Doppler Radar). EDOP is operated at the frequency of 9.7 GHz, while the AMPR and the MIR together give eleven channels of radiometric measurements in the frequency range of 10-340 GHz. The concurrent measurements from these instruments provide unique data sets for studying the details of the microphysics of hydrometeors. Preliminary examination of these data sets shows features that are generally well understood; i.e., radiometric measurements at frequencies &lt;EQ 37 GHz mainly respond to rain, while those at frequencies &gt;= 150 GHz, to ice particles above the freezing level. Model calculations of brightness temperature and radar reflectivity are performed and results compared with these measurements. For simplicity the analysis is limited to the anvil region of the storms were hydrometeors are predominantly frozen. Only one ice particle size distribution is examined in the calculations of brightness temperature and radar reflectivity in this initial study. Estimation of ice water path is made based on the best agreement between the measurements and calculations of brightness temperature and reflectivity. Problems associated with these analyses and measurement accuracy will be discussed.
Using a 1 M Gd‐chelate (gadobutrol) for total‐body three‐dimensional MR angiography: Preliminary experience (2003)

The MRA image quality for total-body MRA provided by the administration of gadobutrol is superior to that obtained following administration of an identical dose of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and therefore shows promise for use as a comprehensive single exam assessing the entire arterial system for the presence of atherosclerotic disease manifestations.
Postantibiotic Effects of Daptomycin against 14 Staphylococcal and Pneumococcal Clinical Isolates (2003)

Daptomycin mean staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 1.1 to 6.2 h, with a mean of 2.5 h. The mean pneumococcal PAEs were 1.7 h, ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 h. The staphylococcal and pneumococcal postantibiotic sub-MIC effects at 0.4 times the MIC ranged from 3.0 to >12.0 h and 1.9 to >12.0 h, respectively.
The Impact of Current Various Definitions of Perioperative Myocardial Infarction after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Long-Term Prognosis (2022)

Background: The correct and therefore most appropriate definition of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) after CABG is more controversial than ever, especially with recent findings of prominent clinical trials. We aimed to (1) analyze the incidence of PMI depending on various current definitions in a ‘real-life’ setting of CABG surgery and (2) determine the long-term prognosis of patients with PMI depending on current definitions.
Data detection techniques for OFDM signals over Doppler-distorted channels (2010)

Signal scaling due to Doppler in underwater acoustic communications results in inter-carrier interference (ICI) and severely degraded detection performance in OFDM based systems in the absence of interference mitigation. Using a recently proposed partial FFT demodulation technique [5], where several FFT demodulators operate over parallel non-overlapping segments, two efficient algorithms which reduce ICI and error probability significantly are proposed. Numerical simulations demonstrate an improvement of several dB over conventional OFDM detection techniques at the cost of a small increase in complexity.