gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Comparison possibilities of ultrasound and its combination with laser in surgery and therapy&lt;/title&gt; (2000)

This article presents the further developments of combined laser-ultrasound medical technologies with paying attention the possibility ultrasound in surgery and therapy. The analyses of main effects at the low frequency ultrasonic treatment of biotissues including cavitation, acoustic streams, acoustic pressure, mechanical influence etc are analyzed. The main promising areas of application of low frequency ultrasound are considered including bactericidal treatment of infections wounds, spray treatment of wounds in head and neck surgery, tumor treatment etc. In particular the clinical result of using ultrasonic devices based on imposing ultrasonic oscillations in a range of 22-66 kHz on a cutting instrument with a special form, radiation intensity up to 10 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and oscillation amplitude up to 40-60 micrometers with respect to oncology for halt bleeding from a tumor, liquidating pain, acoustic denervation are presented. Some limitation of medical application of ultrasound are discussed and perspective combination with laser for increasing efficiency of new combined technologies are found. Among them: combination photodynamic therapy and ultrasonic treatment of tumors, laser-ultrasonic treatment of infections wounds including using spray, laser-ultrasonic drug delivery. The preliminary result of experimental study of some of above-mentioned technologies are presented.
In-network angle approximation for supporting adaptive beamforming (2022)

There is a great interest in utilizing P4 for in-network computing along with programmable data planes. This use is emerging as a new network paradigm that can not just reduce the complexity but the delay as well. Beamforming is now an integral feature of modern wireless communication systems and its implementation calls for an accurate beam alignment by estimating the direction of signal arrival. However, this estimation is computationally complex, especially in a dynamic environment where a user is constantly on the move. In this paper, we propose a user-assisted in-network method to optimally approximate the angle of arrival by segmenting the cell area into an exponentially binned grid and make use of the advantages offered by programmable data planes and their match-action table (MAT) logic. The method expects location messages periodically reported by user equipment, processes them in the network and reconfigures the base station antennas accordingly, implementing user-assisted in-network beam control. The proposed method is implemented in P4 and runs on a Tofino ASIC. Our evaluation proves a theoretical bound on the absolute error of the proposed MAT-based angle approximation and shows that it is in accordance with the empirical error distributions. Moreover, there is no significant increase in errors attributed to the latency of various control cycle times (less than 100ms) and the user's movement at moderate speeds (of less than 90km/h.) We also show that the resource usage is only affected by the size of the TCAM table used to store the angle approximation values and that the proposed method has no significant per-stage resource usage on the pipeline.
Organic Depth Profiling of a Binary System: the Compositional Effect on Secondary Ion Yield and a Model for Charge Transfer during Secondary Ion Emission (2009)

In recent years, it has been demonstrated that cluster ion beams may be used to sputter some materials, particularly organic materials, without the significant accumulation of damage. It is therefore possible to use cluster ion beam sputtering in conjunction with a surface analytical technique, such as SIMS, to obtain depth profiles and three-dimensional images of the distribution of organic species in the near-surface region. For SIMS organic depth profiling to be useful as an analytical tool, it is important that it is able to measure physically meaningful quantities, such as the local concentration of a species within a blend. In this paper, we investigate a model system of a miscible binary mixture of codeine and poly(lactide). We show that there is a strong surface enrichment of poly(lactide), which provides a reference signal and permits the direct comparison of different samples in terms of secondary ion yield behavior. We demonstrate that it is possible to relate secondary ion intensities to local concentrations for a binary system and that there is a direct correspondence between the yield enhancement of one component and the yield suppression of the other. The dependence of secondary ion yield on composition is described using a model of the kinetically limited transfer of charge between secondary ions and secondary neutrals. Application of the model to pure materials under the assumption that only highly fragmented secondary ions are initially produced and interact with unfragmented secondary neutrals leads to the prediction that high molecular mass quasi-molecular ions have intensities proportional to the square of the total secondary ion yield. This relationship has been independently observed in other work (Seah, M. P. Surf. Interface Anal. 2007, 39, 634.).
An optimal state estimator for a fuel valve actuator (2010)

We describe a digital implementation of a Kalman filter to estimate the true values of the angular position, the angular velocity and the coil current of a motor used to drive a fuel valve. By modeling the effect of coil current on the position sensor as a linear additive term, and the uncertainties in the actuator parameters as an additive random noise on the angular position, angular velocity and coil current, we have attempted to improve the robustness of the estimator. We believe that the storage and execution time requirements of this algorithm as implemented on the TI-320C2407 based actuator are comparable or less than the current model based algorithm.
Smart Home Tech: an interface to provide feedback to caregivers of persons living with cognitive impairment (2022)

Abstract Background Home‐based sensor technologies can detect information on daily activities, such as sleep, activity level, and time spent together. This is relevant information for care partners of individuals with cognitive impairment as it can detect early changes in daily activities and cognition. The challenge is how to present thousands of data points to care partners in real‐time, allowing them to make adjustments in their daily routine to help reduce burden. Method The Collaborative Aging Research using Technology (CART) sensor platform was installed in 4 Ottawa homes of persons with cognitive impairment and their care partner. This system includes contact and motion sensors to assess home activity, a smart watch to record steps and sleep patterns, a bed sensor, and medication tracking pillboxes. Questions regarding areas of stress, the types of information that caregivers would like to receive, and how to receive their data were posed in focus group discussions involving caregivers with and without the sensor platform. An interface was designed based on participant input. Result Eight care partners (75% female) aged 30 to 81 participated in focus groups that obtained their opinions on the usefulness of a feedback system, its content, layout, and frequency in which care partners would like to receive their sensor information. The majority of participants wished to be sent their sensor information on a weekly basis in easy to interpret graphical formats that summarized information for them. An algorithm that collects sensor data, parses appropriate measures; steps, sleep, time together in a room, and displays it in graphical representation, was developed. The user interface displays the daily summary compared to the weekly average, with the ability to navigate between day and weekly views. Conclusion Sensor‐based data needs to be displayed in an efficient and convenient manner if it is going to be used by care partners to help guide changes in behavior to reduce stress. This project designed an interface, based on user feedback. This system also has the potential to be used by clinicians to evaluate longitudinal cognitive decline. Next, we will provide participants with the CART system with sample visual reports and gather their feedback.
Development of a Small Two Axis Spherical Motor Type Laser Tracker with Submicron Measurement Accuracy (2006)

Recently, it is in great need for measurement of the three dimensional surface form of the car and the aircraft, the path of the industrial robot and the machine tool, and so on with a high degree of accuracy. We have proposed a novel laser tracking three dimensional position measurement system which can measure the 3D position with submicron accuracy at more than 1[m] by combining the oscillating lever mechanism with the spherical motor. Before making the full system, we made the first and the second prototype spherical motor type laser tracker unit and tested them. The average measurement error of the developed laser tracker 2 is 0.45[μm] and the standard deviation is 0.54[μm], which satisfy the specifications needed for the full system.
Number of connection restriction in wireless sensor networks and its influence on network lifetime (2010)

A wireless sensor network consists of at least one base station and multiple sensor nodes. These nodes are battery powered and are expected to operate for a long time therefore energy efficiency becomes a crucial design objective. Optimization of network lifetime can be achieved by balancing the energy consumption within the network. This requires nodes to split their flows to many other nodes to use them as relays towards the base station. Thus, some nodes have many inward connections and some have many outward connections. This situation is not desirable since it increases network complexity and requires huge routing tables. In this study, data splitting characteristics of sensor nodes have been examined through a linear programming framework. In the second stage, using a mixed integer programming framework, the influence of restricting inward and outward connection count on the network lifetime has been analyzed.
[Effect of RNF2 knockdown on apoptosis and radiosensitivity in glioma U87 cells]. (2014)

Knockdown of RNF2 can inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and promote apoptosis in U87 cells. RNF2 knockdown can obviously increase the sensitivity of U87 cells to X ray radiation.
Noncovalent modification of cycloparaphenylene by catenane formation using an active metal template strategy (2023)

Active metal template (AMT) strategy is a powerful tool for the formation of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as rotaxane and catenane. This strategy allows the synthesis of a variety of MIMs, including π-conjugated and/or multicomponent macrocycles. Cycloparaphenylene (CPP) is an emerging molecule with unique cyclic π-conjugated structures and properties, whose diverse modifications are expected for its wide application. However, most CPP modifications require early-stage functionalization and multi-step protocols causing low yielding and less diversity. Although the direct modification of CPPs offers numerous advantages over the early-stage prefunctionalization method, the methodology is limited. Herein, we report the synthesis of a catenane consisting of [9]CPP and a 2,2´-bipyridine macrocycle as a new CPP analog that contains a reliable synthetic scaffold enabling diverse and concise post-functionalization. In accordance with the AMT strategy, [9]CPP–bipyridine catenane was successfully synthesized from cyclohexadiene-based V-shaped units and 2,2´-bipyridine macrocycle ligand through Ni-mediated aryl–aryl coupling followed by desilylation and reductive aromatization. Catalytic C–H borylation/cross-coupling and metal complexation at bipyridine macrocycle moiety, which are effective post-functionalization methods, were also demonstrated with [9]CPP–bipyridine catenane. The structural and photophysical properties of CPP–bipyridine catenane derivatives were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, absorption/fluorescence/phosphorescence measurements, and computational studies, compared with properties of pristine [9]CPP. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis revealed that the [9]CPP–bipyridine catenane forms a tridentated complex with a Ag ion inside the CPP ring, which is attributed to the π–π interaction between the bipyridine unit in macrocycle moiety and benzene rings in [9]CPP moiety. The phosphorescence of the Ag complex of [9]CPP–bipyridine catenane was clearly enhanced by the heavy atom effect, demonstrating a new design of phosphorescence material with CPP.
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Risk of Stroke and Cardiac Events in Heart Failure (2016)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00041938.
Synexin enhances the aggregation rate but not the fusion rate of liposomes (1988)

The effect of synexin on the calcium-induced fusion of large unilamellar liposomes was studied by using two assays for the mixing of aqueous contents. The results were analyzed in terms of the mass action kinetic model, which describes the overall fusion reaction as a two-step sequence consisting of a second-order process of liposome aggregation followed by a first-order fusion reaction. By using several different lipid compositions and varying the electrolyte composition, it was possible to select the rate-limiting step of the overall fusion process. When aggregation was the rate-limiting step, as in the case of Ca2+-induced fusion of phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidate (PA)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (1:3), and PS/PE (1:3) liposomes, synexin increased the overall fusion kinetics by increasing the aggregation rate constant (up to 100-fold). When aggregation was rapid compared to destabilization of apposed membranes, i.e., fusion was rate limiting, synexin either had no effect or reduced the overall fusion kinetics. In one such case involving liposomes composed of PA/PS/PE/phosphatidylcholine (PC) (10:15:65:10), synexin reduced the fusion rate constant by 50%. The effect of calcium-induced synexin polymerization was investigated by preincubation of synexin with calcium prior to addition of liposomes. Prepolymerization by Ca2+ always decreased the activity of synexin such that it was less than the activity of an equal amount of untreated monomers. However, it was found that the activity of synexin monomers polymerized to an average hexameric size was greater than that of one-sixth as many untreated monomers, with respect to the liposome aggregation rate constant. Neither polymers nor monomers increased the fusion rate constant.
Radiation stability of visible and near-infrared optical and magneto-optical properties of terbium gallium garnet crystals (2015)

Perspectives of terbium gallium garnet, Tb₃Ga₅O₁₂ (TGG), for the use of radiation-resistant high magnetic field sensing are studied. Long-term radiation stability of the TGG crystals was analyzed by comparing the optical and magneto-optical properties of a radiation-exposed TGG crystal (equivalent neutron dose 6.3×10¹³ n/cm²) to the properties of TGG control samples. Simulations were also performed to predict radiation damage mechanisms in the TGG crystal. Radiation-induced increase in the absorbance at shorter wavelengths was observed as well as a reduction in the Faraday effect while no degradation of magneto-optical effect was observed when at wavelengths above 600 nm. This suggests that TGG crystal would be a good candidate for use in magneto-optical radiation-resistant magnetic field sensors.
A Planning Approach to Monitoring Behavior of Computer Programs (2017)

We describe a novel approach to monitoring high level behaviors using concepts from AI planning. Our goal is to understand what a program is doing based on its system call trace. This ability is particularly important for detecting malware. We approach this problem by building an abstract model of the operating system using the STRIPS planning language, casting system calls as planning operators. Given a system call trace, we simulate the corresponding operators on our model and by observing the properties of the state reached, we learn about the nature of the original program and its behavior. Thus, unlike most statistical detection methods that focus on syntactic features, our approach is semantic in nature. Therefore, it is more robust against obfuscation techniques used by malware that change the outward appearance of the trace but not its effect. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by evaluating it on actual system call traces.
Microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the vascular evaluation after pancreas transplantation: a single-center experience (2019)

Background Arterial and venous thrombosis are feared complications of pancreas transplantation (PTx). Microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that can augment diagnostic capabilities of transplant organ perfusion. Purpose To document the state to which CEUS can improve the vascular evaluation of PTx compared to conventional Doppler ultrasound (US) directly after surgery. Material and Methods A total of 129 consecutive PTx in 128 adult patients were eligible for inclusion. The duodenal segment of the graft was anastomosed to the native duodenum. Within 12 h postoperatively, graft circulation was monitored by Doppler US in 116 PTx performed in 116 patients (69 men, 47 women; mean age =41 years). CEUS was performed with a sulfur hexafluoride-containing contrast agent (SonoVue) intravenously if the examiner was not able to confirm normal graft circulation. Image quality was documented by two independent observers on a 4-point scale: 1 = excellent; 2 = minor diagnostic limitations; 3 = major diagnostic limitations; and 4 = non-diagnostic. Results In the early postoperative phase, 79 (68%) of 116 PTx were examined with Doppler US only. Of these, 52 were of excellent quality (grade 1), 22 of good quality (grade 2), and five were of grade 3 or 4 quality. Thirty-seven (32%) examinations were supplemented by CEUS. CEUS significantly improved examination quality compared to Doppler US alone (median visualization score 1.5 vs. 2.5, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion CEUS can significantly improve vascular evaluation of PTx compared to Doppler US alone in the early postoperative phase.
Using uniaxial tensile testing to evaluate the biomechanical properties of bladder tissue after spinal cord injury in rat model (2023)

To investigate the biomechanical properties of rat bladder tissue after spinal cord injury (SCI) using uniaxial tensile testing. Evidence suggests the bladder wall undergoes remodeling following SCI. There is limited data describing the biomechanical properties of bladder wall after SCI. This study describes the changes in elastic and viscoelastic mechanical properties of bladder tissue using a rat model after SCI. Seventeen adult rats received mid-thoracic SCI. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor testing was performed on the rats 7-14 days after injury quantifying the degree of SCI. Bladder tissue samples were collected from controls and spinal injured rats at 2- and 9-weeks post-injury. Tissue samples underwent uniaxial stress relaxation to determine instantaneous and relaxation modulus as well as monotonic load-to failure to determine Young's modulus, yield stress and strain, and ultimate stress. SCI resulted in abnormal BBB locomotor scores. Nine weeks post-injury, instantaneous modulus decreased by 71.0% (p = 0.03) compared to controls. Yield strain showed no difference at 2 weeks post-injury but increased 78% (p = 0.003) in SCI rats at 9 weeks post-injury. Compared to controls, ultimate stress decreased 46.5% (p = 0.05) at 2 weeks post-injury in SCI rats but demonstrated no difference at 9 weeks post-injury. The biomechanical properties of rat bladder wall 2 weeks after SCI showed minimal difference compared to controls. By week 9, SCI bladders had a reduction in instantaneous modulus and increased yield strain. The findings indicate biomechanical differences can be identified between control and experimental groups at 2- and 9-week intervals using uniaxial testing.
Preliminary Investigation into Liquid-Cooled PEBBs (2021)

This paper describes the design and analysis of a system for removing up to 10 kW of heat from each Power Electronics Building Block (PEBB) in a stack of four PEBB units, using liquid cooling via a dry interface. This is achieved by hard-mounting cold plates in the electronics cabinet, placing the heat-transfer surface of each PEBB adjacent to a cold plate, and improving heat transfer across the interface through the use of a thermal pad. The paper presents initial thermal analysis using analytical models. These analyses indicate that this is a viable solution to the PEBB cooling problem.
Electrochemical Activation of 2D MXene‐Based Hybrid for High Volumetric Mg‐Ion Storage Capacitance (2019)

Abstract Electrochemical capacitors are considered as a strong candidate of energy storage device due to their high power density and long cycle lifetime. However, commercial carbon‐based electrochemical capacitors provide only about 60 F cm −3 of volumetric capacitance due to low packing density and intrinsic areal capacitance. Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, known as MXenes, have received attention due to their high electronic conductivity, surface modification, and abilities to achieve superior ion intercalation and packing density. Here, we report the improved volumetric Mg‐ion storage capacitance of 2D MXene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid through electrochemical activation. Along with high volumetric capacitance of 439 F cm −3 at 2 mV s −1 , MXene/rGO hybrid electrode exhibits superior capacitive retention of 87 % after 10,000 cycles in aqueous Mg‐ion system. Thus, our hybrid electrode and electrochemical activation approach opens new avenues to store Mg and other multivalent ions for high volumetric capacitance of electrochemical capacitors.
A systematic construction method for spatial-varying FIR filter banks with perfect reconstruction (1994)

Presents a systematic method to construct two dimensional spatial-varying filter banks that preserve the perfect reconstruction property. These filter banks are constructed from arbitrary two dimensional (separable or nonseparable) local perfect reconstruction FIR filter banks on different rectangular regions, where overlaps between neighboring regions are used to eliminate the blocking effects. A numerical example is given to illustrate the theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Search for contact interactions and large extra dimensions in dilepton events from pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2012)

A search for nonresonant new phenomena, originating from either contact interactions or large extra spatial dimensions, has been carried out using events with two isolated electrons or muons. These events, produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV, were recorded by the ATLAS detector. The data sample, collected throughout 2011, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 and 5.0 fb-1 in the e+e- and μ+μ- channels, respectively. No significant deviations from the Standard Model expectation are observed. Using a Bayesian approach, 95% confidence level lower limits ranging from 9.0 to 13.9 TeV are placed on the energy scale of ℓℓqq contact interactions in the left-left isoscalar model. Lower limits ranging from 2.4 to 3.9 TeV are also set on the string scale in large extra dimension models. After combining these limits with results from a similar search in the diphoton channel, slightly more stringent limits are obtained.