gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlated Components Analysis - Extracting Reliable Dimensions in Multivariate Data (2018)

How does one find dimensions in multivariate data that are reliably expressed across repetitions? For example, in a brain imaging study one may want to identify combinations of neural signals that are reliably expressed across multiple trials or subjects. For a behavioral assessment with multiple ratings, one may want to identify an aggregate score that is reliably reproduced across raters. Correlated Components Analysis (CorrCA) addresses this problem by identifying components that are maximally correlated between repetitions (e.g. trials, subjects, raters). Here we formalize this as the maximization of the ratio of between-repetition to within-repetition covariance. We show that this criterion maximizes repeat-reliability, defined as mean over variance across repeats, and that it leads to CorrCA or to multi-set Canonical Correlation Analysis, depending on the constraints. Surprisingly, we also find that CorrCA is equivalent to Linear Discriminant Analysis for zero-mean signals, which provides an unexpected link between classic concepts of multivariate analysis. We present an exact parametric test of statistical significance based on the F-statistic for normally distributed independent samples, and present and validate shuffle statistics for the case of dependent samples. Regularization and extension to non-linear mappings using kernels are also presented. The algorithms are demonstrated on a series of data analysis applications, and we provide all code and data required to reproduce the results.
Efficient and Precise Processing for Squinted Spotlight SAR through a Modified Stolt Mapping (2006)

Processing of squinted SAR spotlight data is a challenge because of the significant range migration effects of the raw data over the coherent aperture time. Although in theory the ( )-algorithm takes care of these aspects, its digital implementation requires a time-consuming interpolation step. Moreover, the limited precision of this interpolation can introduce distortions at the edges of the final image especially for squinted geometries. A wave number domain processing using a modified Stolt mapping will be developed and analyzed to enhance the quality of the final SAR image. Additionally, the proposed algorithm has a decreased computational load compared to the original ( )-algorithm. Simulation results will validate the focusing and efficiency performances of the modified wave number domain algorithm.
Basische Metalle, LVI Reaktionen von (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(I)‐Komplexen mit Dihalogen‐ und Trihalogenmethanen (1985)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von C 5 Me 5 Rh(CO) 2 und C 5 Me 5 Rh(CO)L (LPMe 3 , PMe 2 Ph, P(OMe) 3 ) mit Dihalogen‐ und Trihalogenmethanen werden (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium‐Komplexe mit CH 2 X und CHX 2 (XCl, Br, I, CN) als Liganden synthetisiert. Die Umsetzungen von [C 5 Me 5 RhCH 2 I(L)I] (LCO, PMe 3 ) mit NaOCH 3 , PMe 3 und PPh 3 verlaufen teilweise unter Substitution (Bildung z.B. von [C 5 Me 5 RhCH 2 OMe(PMe 3 )I] und [C 5 Me 5 Rh(CH 2 PPh 3 )(PMe 3 )I]X), teilweise aber auch unter Spaltung der Rh – C‐Bindung. [C 5 Me 5 RhCH 2 I(CO)I] reagiert mit CH 2 (PPh 2 ) 2 zu dem cyclischen Yild‐Komplex [ magnified image Ph 2 (I)]I.
Home oxygen for children with acute bronchiolitis (2008)

A prospective randomised controlled pilot study was performed comparing home oxygen therapy with traditional inpatient hospitalisation for children with acute bronchiolitis. Children aged 3-24 months with acute bronchiolitis, still requiring oxygen supplementation 24 h after admission to hospital, were randomly assigned to receive oxygen supplementation at home with support from "hospital in the home" (HiTH) or to continue oxygen supplementation in hospital. 44 children (26 male, mean age 9.2 months) were recruited (HiTH n = 22) between 1 August and 30 November 2007. Only one child from each group was readmitted to hospital and there were no serious complications. Children in the HiTH group spent almost 2 days less in a hospital bed than those managed as traditional inpatients: HiTH 55.2 h (interquartile range (IQR) 40.3-88.9) versus in hospital 96.9 h (IQR 71.2-147.2) p = 0.001. Home oxygen therapy appears to be a feasible alternative to traditional hospital oxygen therapy in selected children with acute bronchiolitis.
Second-harmonic measurements in UV-assisted electrically-poled glasses (1995)

We report measurements of the nonlinearity induced in different glasses by UV-assisted electrical poling. Nonlinearities are found to be at best comparable to that of thermally-poled silica.
118. CHARACTERISATION OF HEPARAN SULPHATE PROTEOGLYCANS IN THE MATURING CUMULUS OOCYTE COMPLEX (2009)

Many growth factors including members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily and epidermal growth factor (Egf)-like ligands signal via interactions with heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Cell surface HSPGs can act by sequestering ligands at their site of action, by presenting a ligand to its signalling receptor, or by preventing ligand-receptor interaction. The oocyte secreted factors (OSF) growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 are members of the TGFβ superfamily that act selectively on cumulus cells. Conversely Egf-like ligands are secreted by mural granulosa cells and transmit LH-induced signals to cumulus cells. We investigated the possibility that HSPGs contribute to the spatially restricted responses these signals exert on cumulus cells. Syndecan-1 and Glypican-1 are cell surface HSPGs that are involved in numerous biological processes, including growth factor regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Microarray analysis showed Syndecan-1 and Glypican-1 mRNA expression induced 6-fold (P=10-9) and 3-fold (P=10-7) respectively in Egf+FSH stimulated cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Furthermore, Syndecan-1 and Glypican-1 mRNA were induced 27- and 16-fold respectively in COCs after hCG treatment of mice. Syndecan-1 and Glypican-1 protein was localised specifically to the COC through immunohistochemical analysis. In Vitro Maturation (IVM) of oocytes is a valuable alternative to gonadotropin mediated superovulation, but IVM COCs are less competent than those matured in vivo. Several components of the COC have been shown to be altered in IVM, including the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan Versican. COCs from mice that underwent IVM in the presence of Egf+FSH and cilostamide for 16 hours had &gt;16 fold reduced mRNA for Syndecan-1 when compared with In Vivo matured COCs. The lack of Syndecan-1 in IVM COCs could reduce signalling capacity of growth factors including OSFs. This may contribute to the reduced capacity of IVM oocytes to fertilise and produce a healthy embryo, and ultimately, a healthy offspring.
Discovery of a Family of Isopolyoxotungstates [H<sub>4</sub>W<sub>19</sub>O<sub>62</sub>]<sup>6‐</sup> Encapsulating a {WO<sub>6</sub>} Moiety within a {W<sub>18</sub>} Dawson‐Like Cluster Cage. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intelligent and flexible radio access/transmission technologies for wireless multimedia communication systems (2002)

This paper discusses intelligent and flexible radio access/transmission technologies necessary to smoothly upgrade supported services as well as to economically extend coverage and operational environments. After a brief discussion on classification of key technologies for intelligent and flexible radio access/transmission technologies, the paper discusses the adaptive transmission parameter (TP) control techniques for both time division multiple access (TDMA) based and code division multiple access (CDMA) based systems. Finally, this paper proposes a time division multiplex (TDM) based adaptive access control technique to further enhance system capacity and to introduce higher grade services for CDMA-based wireless multimedia communication systems.
4th International LeGE-WG Workshop - Towards a European Learning Grid Infrastructure: Progressing with a European Learning Grid - Index (2004)

TOWARDS A EUROPEAN LEARNING GRID INFRASTRUCTURE is a series of workshops organised by the Learning GRID of Excellence Working Group (LeGE-WG), which is a thematic network sponsored by the Information Society Technologies Program (IST) of the European Commission in order to facilitate the emergence of a European GRID infrastructure for e-Learning. LeGE-WG is funded by the European Commission under the contract IST-2001-38763. Topics The workshop took place in Stuttgart, Germany in April 2004 and focused on Widely disseminating the ongoing developments in GRID technologies Providing experience reports from on-going experimentation from projects for making applications GRID-aware Discussing ways to introduce GRID technologies into teaching practice Demands to GRID technologies arising from teaching practice The workshop was held next to the 7th public international HLRS Metacomputing Workshop and was divided into three separate sessions. A Grid Technology session focused on how new technologies developed and proposed within the relevant standardisation bodies and on how the results gained from other GRID projects influence the adoption of GRID technology for making existing applications GRID aware. Moreover, were welcomed experience reports from national and international projects on integrating existing applications into a GRID infrastructure from different domains such as Application Service Provision and Scientific Applications. Also, demonstrations of existing GRID frameworks such as Globus, Legion, UNICORE or TME were requested. Another topic fitting into this session was Distributed Visualisation and collaborative work. The E-Learning session concentrated on lessons learned from introducing new media into education, on achievements and new demands and how these demands can be integrated into the implementation of a Learning GRID. Another question being raised within this session concerned the forms of learning that can benefit most from GRID technologies (e.g. Distance learning, Mobilelearning, Collaborative Learning). Answers on how GRID technologies can augment current teaching practice were also provided. Finally, the specific roles of teachers, learners, authors, content and service providers in using a Learning GRID infrastructure as well as legal issues (confidentiality, data protection, copyrights) were addressed. The final joint session compared the emerging potential of the Learning GRID with the demands of eLearning applications. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were given for future implementations of the Learning GRID infrastructure.
On the Minimum Mean $p$ th Error in Gaussian Noise Channels and Its Applications (2016)

The problem of estimating an arbitrary random vector from its observation corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise, where the cost function is taken to be the minimum mean pth error (MMPE), is considered. The classical minimum mean square error (MMSE) is a special case of the MMPE. Several bounds, properties, and applications of the MMPE are derived and discussed. The optimal MMPE estimator is found for Gaussian and binary input distributions. Properties of the MMPE as a function of the input distribution, signal-to-noiseratio (SNR) and order p are derived. The “single-crossing-point property” (SCPP) which provides an upper bound on the MMSE, and which together with the mutual information-MMSE relationship is a powerful tool in deriving converse proofs in multiuser information theory, is extended to the MMPE. Moreover, a complementary bound to the SCPP is derived. As a first application of the MMPE, a bound on the conditional differential entropy in terms of the MMPE is provided, which then yields a generalization of the Ozarow-Wyner lower bound on the mutual information achieved by a discrete input on a Gaussian noise channel. As a second application, the MMPE is shown to improve on previous characterizations of the phase transition phenomenon that manifests, in the limit as the length of the capacity achieving code goes to infinity, as a discontinuity of the MMSE as a function of SNR. As a final application, the MMPE is used to show new bounds on the second derivative of mutual information, or the first derivative of the MMSE.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Optimization of Preparation of Insulin Nanoparticles Composed of Quaternized Aromatic Derivatives of Chitosan (2013)

The aim of this research was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) in order to design a nanoparticulate oral drug delivery system for insulin. The pH of polymer solution (X1), concentration ratio of polymer/insulin (X2) and polymer type (X3) in 3 level including methylated N-(4-N,N- dimethyl aminobenzyl) chitosan, methylated N-(4-pyridinyl) chitosan, and methylated N-(benzyl) chitosan are considered as the input values and the particle size, zeta potential, PdI, and entrapment efficiency (EE %) as output data. ANNs are employed to generate the best model to determining the relationships between input and response values. In this research, a multi-layer percepteron with different topologies has been tested in order to define the one with the best accuracy and performance. The optimization was used by minimizing the error between the predicted and observed values. Three training algorithms (Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Bayesian-Regularization (BR), and Gradient Descent (GD)) were employed to train ANNs with various numbers of nodes, hidden layers and transfer functions by random selection. The accuracy of prediction data were assayed by the mean squared error (MSE).The ability of all algorithms was in the order: BR>LM>GD. Thus, BR was selected as the best algorithm.
Reliability of power devices: Bias-induced threshold voltage instability and dielectric breakdown in GaN MIS-HEMTs (2016)

This paper reviews the most relevant threshold-voltage instabilities and dielectric breakdown mechanisms in GaN-based transistors with metal-insulator-semiconductor gate. Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with partially-recessed gate have been submitted to pulsed and constant voltage stress, with the aim of evaluating the impact of charge trapping processes and dielectric breakdown on device performance and reliability. Three different dielectrics were considered for this investigation: SiN deposited by rapid thermal chemical vapour deposition (RTCVD), SiN deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD), and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The role of bias and temperature is extensively investigated and discussed. The results obtained within this paper are critically compared to previous literature reports, to provide a more complete view of the state-of-the-art.
A facile one-pot route to poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) functionalized SWCNTs (2013)

An unprecedented one-pot procedure employing a cyclopentadienyl functionalized RAFT agent allowed the grafting of poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) - a highly functional and biocompatible polymer - from the surface of pristine SWCNTs. The pendant carboxylic acid groups of the surface grafted polymer were further conjugated with single-stranded (ss)-DNA, which was successfully hybridized with a Cy5 labelled complementary DNA strand.
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2007)

Prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the incidence of symptomatic brain metastases and prolongs disease-free and overall survival. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00016211 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Multiple Vertebral Fractures After Denosumab Discontinuation: FREEDOM and FREEDOM Extension Trials Additional Post Hoc Analyses (2020)

It is uncertain whether the risk of vertebral fracture (VF) and multiple vertebral fractures (MVFs; ≥2 VFs) after denosumab (DMAb) discontinuation is related to treatment duration. A prior analysis of Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) and FREEDOM Extension trials did not find a relationship with DMAb duration and may have underreported MVF incidence because it included women who did not have radiographs. In this post hoc exploratory analysis, the crude incidence and annualized rates of VF and MVF were determined in patients with ≥7 months' follow-up and ≥1 spine radiograph after discontinuing placebo or DMAb. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of MVF. Clinical characteristics of patients with ≥4 VFs were explored. This analysis included women who discontinued after placebo (n = 327) or DMAb either from FREEDOM or FREEDOM Extension (n = 425). The DMAb discontinuation group was subsequently dichotomized by treatment duration: short-term (≤3 years; n = 262) and long-term (>3 years; n = 213) treatment. For any VF, exposure-adjusted annualized rates per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 9.4 (95% CI, 6.4-13.4) for placebo, 6.7 (95% CI, 4.2-10.1) for short-term DMAb, and 10.7 (95% CI, 7.4-15) for long-term DMAb. Annualized rates for MVF were 3.6 (95% CI, 1.9-6.3), 2.9 (95% CI, 1.4-5.4), and 7.5 (95% CI, 4.8-11.1), respectively. Annualized rates for ≥4 VFs were 0.59 (95% CI, 0.1-2.1), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.1-2.1), and 3.34 (95% CI, 1.7-6.0), respectively. In a multivariate regression model, DMAb duration was significantly associated with MVF risk (odds ratio 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.5). Of 15 patients with ≥4 VFs, 13 had DMAb exposure (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 4.9 ± 2.2 years). The risk of MVF after DMAb discontinuation increases with increased duration of DMAb treatment. Patients transitioning off DMAb after 3 years may warrant more frequent administration of zoledronic acid or another bisphosphonate to maintain bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) and prevent MVF. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Possible Role of Gangliosides in Regulating an Adenylate Cyclase‐Linked 5‐Hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT<sub>1</sub>) Receptor (1985)

Cultured NCB-20 hybrid cells express adenylate cyclase-coupled receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) that correspond biochemically and pharmacologically to 5-HT1 receptors in rodent brain membrane preparations, apart from a much-reduced affinity for 5-HT (160 nM compared to less than 5 nM in brain). Since NCB-20 cells also differ from rodent brain both qualitatively and quantitatively in their ganglioside composition, the effects of exogenously added gangliosides on the affinity of the 5-HT1 receptor for 5-HT were tested. Both GM1 ganglioside (the cholera toxin receptor) and tetrasialoganglioside GQ1b produced a 10-fold increase in receptor affinity for [3H]5-HT, measured by binding studies. All gangliosides, at submicromolar concentrations, resulted in significantly reduced EC50 values for 5-HT-mediated elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels. GQ1b had the capacity to most dramatically enhance the potency of 5-HT in mediating increases in cyclic AMP levels. Gangliosides had no effect on the potency of DADLE or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine)-mediated depression of cyclic AMP levels, suggesting some specificity for 5-HT. Our data are interpreted as implying a specific role for polysialogangliosides in modulating the affinity of the 5-HT1 receptor and the coupling of the 5-HT1 receptor-guanine nucleotide binding protein adenylate cyclase complex.
Ultrastable cathodes for lithium sulfur batteries (2023)

A cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery includes a copper-containing current collector, over which an active material layer is disposed. A method of producing the cathode is provided. A lithium-sulfur battery including the cathode provides improved capacity and cycleability.
Possible modification of Alzheimerâ€™s disease by statins in midlife: interactions with genetic and non-genetic risk factors (2014)

The benefits of statins, commonly prescribed for hypercholesterolemia, in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not yet been fully established. A recent randomized clinical trial did not show any therapeutic effects of two statins on cognitive function in AD. Interestingly, however, the results of the Rotterdam study, one of the largest prospective cohort studies, showed reduced risk of AD in statin users. Based on the current understanding of statin actions and AD pathogenesis, it is still worth exploring whether statins can prevent AD when administered decades before the onset of AD or from midlife. This review discusses the possible beneficial effects of statins, drawn from previous clinical observations, pathogenic mechanisms, which include β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau metabolism, genetic and non-genetic risk factors (apolipoprotein E, cholesterol, sex, hypertension, and diabetes), and other clinical features (vascular dysfunction and oxidative and inflammatory stress) of AD. These findings suggest that administration of statins in midlife might prevent AD in late life by modifying genetic and non-genetic risk factors for AD. It should be clarified whether statins inhibit Aβ accumulation, tau pathological features, and brain atrophy in humans. To answer this question, a randomized controlled study using amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), tau-PET, and magnetic resonance imaging would be useful. This clinical evaluation could help us to overcome this devastating disease.
Creating Vocabulary Item Types That Measure Students' Depth of Semantic Knowledge (2014)

We expect that word knowledge accumulates gradually. This article draws on earlier approaches to assessing depth, but focuses on one dimension: richness of semantic knowledge. We present results from a study in which three distinct item types were developed at three levels of depth: knowledge of common usage patterns, knowledge of broad topical associations, and knowledge of specific conceptual relationships. We attempted to avoid common sources of variance across items (such as attractive distracters) and hypothesized that the item types that required greater depth of semantic knowledge would tend to show greater difficulty and discrimination after other sources of variance were accounted for. Our results, while still exploratory, support the conclusion that the item types measure different aspects of lexical knowledge, consistent with the hypothesis of increasing semantic depth.