gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current state of in vivo preclinical heart valve evaluation. (1998)

The use of animals to predict prosthetic valve performance in humans has now been in operation for over 25 years. Studies have focused on improvements in structural integrity, anti-thrombogenicity and anticalcification, and provide extensive in vivo analysis and validation of a valve before its clinical evaluation. Many animal models have been developed for such investigations, including calves, goats, pigs, baboons, dogs and adult sheep. Recent models used to assess prosthetic mitral valves have involved site-specific testing in several species; the present study represents the largest series of orthotopically implanted stentless bioprosthetic aortic valves and the first to utilize a juvenile sheep model for the aortic position.
Batteries: An Important Piece in the Puzzle of Renewable Energies for a Better World (2014)

Along with the rapid growth in the world population, the concerns regarding the production and consumption of energy originating from fossil fuels have been increasing in recent years. Therefore, there is higher demand to develop “clean” renewable energies to reduce the use of fossil fuel.
An update on the use of anticoagulant therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (2018)

To date, no robust evidence is available challenging unfractionated heparin as the primary choice for anticoagulation in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Further research should include efforts to refine anticoagulation strategies on an individual patient level. For patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, bivalirudin could be used as an alternative to unfractionated heparin, while enoxaparin or fondaparinux is an alternative agent for patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy.
BENoC: A Bus-Enhanced Network on-Chip for a Power Efficient CMP (2008)

Network-on-chips (NoCs) outperform buses in terms of scalability, parallelism and system modularity and therefore are considered as the main interconnect infrastructure in future chip multi-processor (CMP). However, while NoCs are very efficient for delivering high throughput point-to-point data from sources to destinations, their multi-hop operation is too slow for latency sensitive signals. In addition, current NoCS are inefficient for broadcast operations and centralized control of CMP resources. Consequently, state-of-the-art NoCs may not facilitate the needs of future CMP systems. In this paper, the benefit of adding a low latency, customized shared bus as an internal part of the NoC architecture is explored. BENoC (bus-enhanced network on-chip) possesses two main advantages: First, the bus is inherently capable of performing broadcast transmission in an efficient manner. Second, the bus has lower and more predictable propagation latency. In order to demonstrate the potential benefit of the proposed architecture, an analytical comparison of the power saving in BENoC versus a standard NoC providing similar services is presented. Then, simulation is used to evaluate BENoC in a dynamic non-uniform cache access (DNUCA) multiprocessor system.
An Invertase Inhibitor from Maize Localizes to the Embryo Surrounding Region during Early Kernel Development (2004)

Invertase activity is thought to play a regulatory role during early kernel development by converting sucrose originating from source leaves into hexoses to support cell division in the endosperm and embryo. Invertases are regulated at the posttranslational level by small protein inhibitors, INVINHs. We found that in maize (Zea mays), an invertase inhibitor homolog (ZM-INVINH1) is expressed early in kernel development, between 4 and 7 d after pollination. Invertase activity is reduced in vitro in the presence of recombinant ZM-INVINH1, and inhibition is attenuated by pre-incubation with sucrose. The presence of a putative signal peptide, fractionation experiments, and ZM-INVINH1::green fluorescent protein fusion experiments indicate that the protein is exported to the apoplast. Moreover, association of ZM-INVINH1 with the glycoprotein fraction by concanavalin A chromatogaphy suggests that ZM-INVINH1 interacts with an apoplastic invertase during early kernel development. ZM-INVINH1 was localized to the embryo surrounding region by in situ analysis, suggesting that this region forms a boundary, compartmentalizing apoplast invertase activity to allow different embryo and endosperm developmental rates.
BIG DATA IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2019)

The big data era is driven by the virtual explosion of new data generated in all fields. The field of big data and analytics is evolving quickly, and an increasing number of tools are being designed for use by chemical engineers. Through big data and analytics, chemical engineers have been able to invent new processes, increase manufacturing efficiency, and cooperate with other industries. This paper is a brief introduction to the use of big data in chemical engineering
Multicenter phase II trial of temsirolimus (TEM) and bevacizumab (BEV) in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET): Results of a planned interim efficacy analysis. (2012)

4047 Background: PNET has long had few effective therapies other than chemotherapy. Recent placebo-controlled phase III trials of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and the VEGF/ PDGF receptor inhibitor sunitinib noted improved progression-free survival (PFS). However, objective response rates (RR) with these agents are still &lt;10%. Preclinical studies suggest enhanced anti-tumor effects with combined mTOR and VEGF targeted therapy. Methods: We conducted a phase II trial of the mTOR inhibitor TEM (25 mg IV q week) and the VEGF-A monoclonal antibody BEV (10 mg/kg IV q 2 weeks) in patients (pts) with well or moderately differentiated PNET and progressive disease by RECIST within 7 months of study entry. Co-primary endpoints were RR and 6-month PFS. Planned enrollment is 50 patients, with interim analysis for futility after the first 25 evaluable pts. Pts had no prior mTOR or VEGF targeted agents, ECOG PS 0-1, and adequate hematologic and organ function. Continued octreotide was allowed, but not required. Prior interferon, embolization, and ≤ 2 chemotherapy regimens were allowed. Results: Confirmed PR was documented in 13 of the first 25 (52%) evaluable patients. 21 of 25 (84%) patients were progression-free at 6 months. Both endpoints exceeded the protocol-defined criteria to continue enrollment. For 36 evaluable patients, the most common grade 3-4 adverse events attributed to therapy were hypertension (14%), leukopenia (11%), lymphopenia (11%), hyperglycemia (11%), mucositis (8%), hypokalemia (8%), and fatigue (8%). Conclusions: The combination of TEM/BEV has substantial activity in a multi-center phase II trial with RR of 52%, well in excess of single targeted agents in PNET. 6-month PFS was a notable 84% in a population of patients with RECIST criteria progression within 7 months of study entry. Accrual is ongoing.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-resistant mice have highly encephalitogenic myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cell clones that recognize a MBP peptide with high affinity for MHC class II. (1995)

BALB/c mice are resistant to disease induction when experimental protocols that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in susceptible strains of animals are used. We have previously described a panel of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific CD4+ T cell clones from BALB/c mice, two of which induce moderate EAE when transferred to syngeneic recipients. These clones are I-E(d) restricted and recognize residues 151-160 of mouse MBP. Here, we describe a series of 17 MBP-reactive T cell clones, which were derived from two BALB/c mice. All are I-A(d) restricted and recognize nested epitopes in peptide 59-76 of mouse MBP. Four different TCR V beta chains are used by this panel of clones; these include V beta 8.2 (10/17), V beta 8.1 (2/17), V beta 7 (3/17), and V beta 14 (2/17). Twelve of fourteen clones tested adoptively transferred severe demyelinating EAE to syngeneic recipients. Studies of relative binding affinities of MBP peptides to class II molecules I-A(d) and I-E(d) show that peptide 59-76 binds with extremely high affinity to I-A(d), whereas three peptides that contains residues 151-160 bind poorly to I-E(d). These results are consistent with a growing number of reports that show that high affinity binding to class II is required for autoantigenic stimulation. Despite encephalitogenicity of 59-76-reactive T cells, active immunization of BALB/c mice with peptide 59-76 in adjuvant failed to induce either clinical or histologic signs of EAE. The implications of these findings for mechanisms of genetically determined EAE resistance are discussed.
Alternative splicing in plants – coming of age (2012)

More than 60% of intron-containing genes undergo alternative splicing (AS) in plants. This number will increase when AS in different tissues, developmental stages, and environmental conditions are explored. Although the functional impact of AS on protein complexity is still understudied in plants, recent examples demonstrate its importance in regulating plant processes. AS also regulates transcript levels and the link with nonsense-mediated decay and generation of unproductive mRNAs illustrate the need for both transcriptional and AS data in gene expression analyses. AS has influenced the evolution of the complex networks of regulation of gene expression and variation in AS contributed to adaptation of plants to their environment and therefore will impact strategies for improving plant and crop phenotypes.
Bayesian Procedure of Brain Gliomas Recognition (2009)

На основі комбінацій деяких оптимальних параметрів певних рідин-домішок вдалося підвищити ефективність роботи байєсівської процедури розпізнавання. За показниками швидкості осідання еритроцитів вдалося розпізнати гліоми різної ступені злоякісності та метастази.
A Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1-derived influenza vaccine induces balanced adaptive immune responses and protects mice from lethal influenza virus challenge (2021)

Abstract Influenza virus is a major respiratory viral pathogen responsible for the deaths of hundreds of thousands worldwide each year. Current vaccines provide protection primarily by inducing strain-specific antibody responses with the requirement of a match between vaccine strains and circulating strains. It has been suggested that anti-influenza T-cell responses, in addition to antibody responses may provide the broadest protection against different flu strains. Therefore, to address this urgent need, it is desirable to develop a vaccine candidate with an ability to induce balanced adaptive immunity including cell mediated immune responses. A live viral vector technology should exhibit safety, immunogenicity, effectiveness in the presence of pre-existing immunity, and the ability to induce mucosal immune responses. Here, we used VC2, an established Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 vaccine vector, to express the influenza HA protein. We show that this virus is capable of generating potent and specific anti-influenza humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. We further show that a single vaccination with the VC2-derived influenza vaccine protects mice from lethal challenge with influenza virus. Our data support the continued development of VC2-derived influenza vaccines for protection of human populations from both seasonal and pandemic strains of influenza. Finally, our results support the potential of VC2-derived vaccines as a platform for the rapid development of vaccines against emerging and established pathogens, particularly respiratory pathogens.
Quantification of the water/lipid affinity of melatonin and a pinoline derivative in lipid models (2007)

This study assessed the location of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and of a pinoline derivative (GWC22) [6-ethyl-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline], when present in lipid assemblies such as linoleate micelles, phosphatidylcholine liposomes or low density lipoproteins (LDL). The efficiency of radical scavenging by these compounds is highly dependent on their partitioning between the lipidic and aqueous phases. We determined the proportion of melatonin or GWC22 in the aqueous and lipid phases of each system (concentrations of the antioxidants ranging between 3 x 10(-5) and 10(-4) m) by assaying melatonin or GWC22 by HPLC/UV detection, or by fluorescence for melatonin in micelles. Our results show that melatonin and GWC22 were preferentially located in the aqueous phase of micelles (68.4% and 59.0%, respectively), whereas only 30.5% of melatonin and 39.0% of GWC22 were found in the lipid phase. By contrast, in phosphatidylcholine liposomes, both compounds were essentially present in the lipid phase (73.5% for melatonin and 79.1% for GWC22, versus 25.9% and 19.5% in the aqueous phase, respectively). In the case of LDL, 99.9% of the melatonin added was found in the methanol/water extracting phase containing phospholipids, unesterified cholesterol and apolipoprotein B100. The partitioning of melatonin and GWC22 in linoleate micelles gave new insights on the marked protective effect of GWC22 towards radiation-induced lipid peroxidation and allowed us to determine more accurately the lower limit values of the reaction rate constants of the two molecules studied with lipid peroxyl radicals, i.e. k(LOO.+melatonin)) >or= 9.0 x 10(4)m(-1)s(-1) and k(LOO.+GWC22) >or= 3.5 x 10(5)m(-1)s(-1).
Data from Effects of Anticancer Drugs on Chromosome Instability and New Clinical Implications for Tumor-Suppressing Therapies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Whole chromosomal instability (CIN), manifested as unequal chromosome distribution during cell division, is a distinguishing feature of most cancer types. CIN is generally considered to drive tumorigenesis, but a threshold level exists whereby further increases in CIN frequency in fact hinder tumor growth. While this attribute is appealing for therapeutic exploitation, drugs that increase CIN beyond this therapeutic threshold are currently limited. In our previous work, we developed a quantitative assay for measuring CIN based on the use of a nonessential human artificial chromosome (HAC) carrying a constitutively expressed EGFP transgene. Here, we used this assay to rank 62 different anticancer drugs with respect to their effects on chromosome transmission fidelity. Drugs with various mechanisms of action, such as antimicrotubule activity, histone deacetylase inhibition, mitotic checkpoint inhibition, and targeting of DNA replication and damage responses, were included in the analysis. Ranking of the drugs based on their ability to induce HAC loss revealed that paclitaxel, gemcitabine, dactylolide, LMP400, talazoparib, olaparib, peloruside A, GW843682, VX-680, and cisplatin were the top 10 drugs demonstrating HAC loss at a high frequency. Therefore, identification of currently used compounds that greatly increase chromosome mis-segregation rates should expedite the development of new therapeutic strategies to target and leverage the CIN phenotype in cancer cells. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(4); 902–11. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Performance of Vascular Exposure and Fasciotomy Among Surgical Residents Before and After Training Compared With Experts (2017)

This study found that ASSET training improved resident procedural skills for up to 18 months. Performance was highly variable. Interval experience after training affected performance. Pretraining skill identified competency of residents vs experts. Extremity vascular and fasciotomy performance evaluations suggest the need for specific anatomical training interventions in residents with IPS deciles less than 0.5.
Abstract 12402: Noninvasive Evaluation of the Feature of Hypertensive Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction using Three-dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography With High Volume Rate (2015)

Background: Left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic property in hypertension (HTN) may be deteriorated by pressure overload that causes LV hypertrophy (LVH) and fibrosis, resulting in hypertensive heart failure (HHF). HHF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or preserved EF (HFpEF) is mainly caused by systolic dysfunction or diastolic dysfunction, respectively. Some of HHF have combined dysfunction and LV torsion may play an important role to maintain systolic performance even in HHF. Methods: We examined 31 controls (age 65±12), 94 HTN (age 69±11), 24 HFpEF (EF≧50%) (age 79±10) and 13 HFrEF (EF&lt;50%) (age 66±13) by one-beat real-time 3-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography with volume rate of 70-80vps (3D-STE). LV radial strain rate at systole (SR-S) and torsion were assessed as an index that reflects LV contractility. Tau, SR at isovolumic relaxation (SR-IVR) and untorsion rate were assessed as relaxation. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was estimated as 10.8 - 12.4 x log {left atrial (LA) active emptying function / LA minimum volume} as we recently reported. Tau was calculated as IVR time / (ln 0.9 x systolic blood pressure - ln PCWP). LV stress was calculated as LV radius x pressure / thickness. LV stiffness was estimated as LV diastolic stress / strain. Results: LVEF in HFpEF was comparable to control and HTN, whereas LV SR-S and torsion were reduced associated with increased systolic stress. LVEF, SR-S and torsion were reduced in HFrEF compared to control. Tau and untorsion rate were deteriorated in HFrEF. LV SR-IVR was deteriorated in only HFpEF. LV stiffness in HFpEF and HFrEF were increased associated with increased diastolic stress (table). Conclusion: Noninvasive 3D-STE examination revealed that LVEF in HFrEF was decreased associated with decreased contractility and increased systolic stress and that LV diastolic function such as LV relaxation and stiffness in HFpEF was deteriorated associated with increased PCWP and diastolic stress.
Simulation Studies of Diffusion-Release and Effusive Flow of Short-Lived Radioactive Isotopes (2006)

Simulation studies with computer models offer cost effective methods for designing targets and vapor transport systems at Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL)-based radioactive ion beam facilities. A finite difference code, Diffuse II, was developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for studying diffusion-release of short-lived ion species from the three principal target geometries; results derived by use of the code are in close agreement with analytical solutions to Fick’s second equation. A Monte-Carlo code, Effusion, was developed to address issues related to the design of fast vapor transport systems. Results, derived by the use of Effusion closely agree with experimental measurements. These codes and their applications are discussed in this article
ACM SIGAI activity report (2019)

We are happy to present the annual activity report of the ACM Special Interest Group on AI (ACM SIGAI), covering the period from July 2018 to June 2019. The scope of ACM SIGAI consists of the study of intelligence and its realization in computer systems (see also its web-site at sigai.acm.org). This includes areas such as autonomous agents, cognitive modeling, computer vision, constraint programming, human language technologies, intelligent user interfaces, knowledge discovery, knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning, planning and search, problem solving and robotics. Members come from academia, industry and government agencies worldwide. ACM SIGAI recently added two new ACM SIGAI chapters, namely one professional chapter in Laguna Nigel (USA) and one student chapter at the SRM Institute of Science &amp; Technology in Chennai. ACM SIGAI also added two new officers this year to be able to serve its membership better, namely Iolanda Leite from the Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) as second newsletter editor-in-chief and Marion Neumann from Washington University in St. Louis (USA) as diversity officer, thus increasing diversity in the ACM SIGAI leadership committee by increasing both the number of international officers and the number of female officers and also furthering the internationalization of the ACM SIGAI newsletter. Marion will be covering diversity also as part of the ACM SIGAI newsletter. ACM SIGAI started officers meetings at major AI conferences already in 2018 and continued the new practice in 2019 (so far at the AAAI Conference), in addition to all-officers teleconferences and a monthly ACM SIGAI leadership teleconference.
Inactivation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by Ionizing Radiation in Body Fluids and Serological Evidence (1989)

A method to use ionizing radiation to inactivate HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in human body fluids was studied in an effort to reduce the risk of accidental infection to forensic science laboratory workers. Experiments conducted indicate that an X-ray absorbed dose of 25 krad was required to completely inactivate HIV. This does not alter forensically important constituents such as enzymes and proteins in body fluids. This method of inactivation of HIV cannot be used on body fluids which will be subjected to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing.
Broadband group delay dispersion compensation for a microscope objective lens with a specially-designed mechanical deformable mirror (2008)

We propose that the bending profile of a mechanical deformable mirror can be designed by shaping its form, realizing a simple, compact, and broadband group delay dispersion compensator in a 4-f pulse shaper arrangement. By using the proposed compensator, spectral phase distortion of a microscope objective lens is successfully pre-compensated for to generate a sub-8 fs pulse at the focus of the lens.
Non-structural carbohydrates in woody plants compared among laboratories (2015)

Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plant tissue are frequently quantified to make inferences about plant responses to environmental conditions. Laboratories publishing estimates of NSC of woody plants use many different methods to evaluate NSC. We asked whether NSC estimates in the recent literature could be quantitatively compared among studies. We also asked whether any differences among laboratories were related to the extraction and quantification methods used to determine starch and sugar concentrations. These questions were addressed by sending sub-samples collected from five woody plant tissues, which varied in NSC content and chemical composition, to 29 laboratories. Each laboratory analyzed the samples with their laboratory-specific protocols, based on recent publications, to determine concentrations of soluble sugars, starch and their sum, total NSC. Laboratory estimates differed substantially for all samples. For example, estimates for Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EGL) varied from 23 to 116 (mean = 56) mg g(-1) for soluble sugars, 6-533 (mean = 94) mg g(-1) for starch and 53-649 (mean = 153) mg g(-1) for total NSC. Mixed model analysis of variance showed that much of the variability among laboratories was unrelated to the categories we used for extraction and quantification methods (method category R(2) = 0.05-0.12 for soluble sugars, 0.10-0.33 for starch and 0.01-0.09 for total NSC). For EGL, the difference between the highest and lowest least squares means for categories in the mixed model analysis was 33 mg g(-1) for total NSC, compared with the range of laboratory estimates of 596 mg g(-1). Laboratories were reasonably consistent in their ranks of estimates among tissues for starch (r = 0.41-0.91), but less so for total NSC (r = 0.45-0.84) and soluble sugars (r = 0.11-0.83). Our results show that NSC estimates for woody plant tissues cannot be compared among laboratories. The relative changes in NSC between treatments measured within a laboratory may be comparable within and between laboratories, especially for starch. To obtain comparable NSC estimates, we suggest that users can either adopt the reference method given in this publication, or report estimates for a portion of samples using the reference method, and report estimates for a standard reference material. Researchers interested in NSC estimates should work to identify and adopt standard methods.