gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of entropy-constrained block transform quantizers (1991)

An analysis of the rate-distortion performance of an entropy-constrained block transform quantization scheme operating on first-order stationary Gauss-Markov sources is presented. Uniform threshold quantization is employed to quantize the transform coefficients. An algorithm for optimum stepsize (or, equivalently, entropy) assignment among the quantizers is developed and a simple asymptotic formula indicating the high-rate performance of the block transform quantization scheme is presented. Specific results determining the rate-distortion performance of the entropy-constrained block transform quantization scheme operating upon first-order Gauss-Markov sources are presented, and comparisons are made with the Huang and Schultheiss (1963) block transform quantization, vector quantization, and predictive quantization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Figure 9 from Personalized Chemotherapy Profiling Using Cancer Cell Lines from Selectable Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1995K, Isolation of pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc486.&lt;/p&gt;
Advances and applications of chemical protective clothing system (2018)

Protection is obligatory for the safety of people in certain occupations where they might be exposed to hazardous chemicals. This review provides an overview of chemical protective clothing, along with its necessity during industrial and military operations as well as in response to acts of terror. Moreover, chemical protective or barrier suits are illustrated and explained including their types, selection processes based on chemical hazards, working environments, and various materials available for the fabrication of effective barrier clothing. Additionally, this review elucidates current research gaps, while underscoring the challenges facing recently developed chemical protective clothing, by compiling relevant research onto a single platform. Besides, this review includes and delineates future trends in chemical protective outfits based on electro-spun nano-fibre technology involved in both detection and decomposition of poisonous chemical agents that come in contact with clothing material, and the integration of selectively permeable membrane technology to discriminately block hazardous chemicals.
Design Space Exploration for Memory Subsystems of VLIW Architectures (2010)

In this work we present a design space exploration of the memory subsystem of our configurable CoreVA VLIW architecture. The development of resource efficient processor architectures is based on a two-stage tool flow using a high-level processor specification as a reference. We evaluate several memory configurations like one memory port or two memory ports, as well as different write-miss-allocation modes. Applications ranging from LTE protocol stack over baseband processing up to cryptography and multimedia are evaluated in terms of execution time and energy efficiency. Analyses have shown that the application specific configuration of the memory subsystem can improve energy by up to 25%. Our environment allows the rapid profiling and evaluation of algorithms to choose the most efficient configuration.
Characterising frailty, metrics of continuous glucose monitoring, and mortality hazards in older adults with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy (HARE): a prospective, observational cohort study (2021)

Health and Medical Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
ST Codes for Time‐Varying Channels (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Time-Varying Channels Space-Time-Doppler Block Codes Space-Time-Doppler FDFR Codes Space-Time-Doppler Trellis Codes Numerical Examples Space-Time-Doppler Differential Codes ST Codes for Doubly Selective Channels Closing Comments
Defective fatty acid oxidation in mice with muscle-specific acyl-CoA synthetase 1 deficiency increases amino acid use and impairs muscle function (2019)

Loss of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform-1 (ACSL1) in mouse skeletal muscle (<i>Acsl1<sup>M</sup></i><sup>-/-</sup>) severely reduces acyl-CoA synthetase activity and fatty acid oxidation. However, the effects of decreased fatty acid oxidation on skeletal muscle function, histology, use of alternative fuels, and mitochondrial function and morphology are unclear. We observed that <i>Acsl1<sup>M</sup></i><sup>-/-</sup> mice have impaired voluntary running capacity and muscle grip strength and that their gastrocnemius muscle contains myocytes with central nuclei, indicating muscle regeneration. We also found that plasma creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in <i>Acsl1<sup>M</sup></i><sup>-/-</sup> mice are 3.4- and 1.5-fold greater, respectively, than in control mice (<i>Acsl1<sup>flox/flox</sup></i> ), indicating muscle damage, even without exercise, in the <i>Acsl1<sup>M</sup></i><sup>-/-</sup> mice. Moreover, caspase-3 protein expression exclusively in <i>Acsl1<sup>M</sup></i><sup>-/-</sup> skeletal muscle and the presence of cleaved caspase-3 suggested myocyte apoptosis. Mitochondria in <i>Acsl1<sup>M</sup></i><sup>-/-</sup> skeletal muscle were swollen with abnormal cristae, and mitochondrial biogenesis was increased. Glucose uptake did not increase in <i>Acsl1<sup>M</sup></i><sup>-/-</sup> skeletal muscle, and pyruvate oxidation was similar in gastrocnemius homogenates from <i>Acsl1<sup>M</sup></i><sup>-/-</sup> and control mice. The rate of protein synthesis in <i>Acsl1<sup>M</sup></i><sup>-/-</sup> glycolytic muscle was 2.1-fold greater 30 min after exercise than in the controls, suggesting resynthesis of proteins catabolized for fuel during the exercise. At this time, mTOR complex 1 was activated, and autophagy was blocked. These results suggest that fatty acid oxidation is critical for normal skeletal muscle homeostasis during both rest and exercise. We conclude that ACSL1 deficiency produces an overall defect in muscle fuel metabolism that increases protein catabolism, resulting in exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and myocyte apoptosis.
P4‐089: Investigating Astrocytes With C11‐deuterium Deprenyl in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's ‐ A Multi‐tracer Positron Emission Tomography Paradigm (2010)

11C-L-deterium-deprenyl (DED) is a PET tracer with high affinity and specificity for monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). MAO-B is found primarily in astrocytes. DED can label astrocytes and measure relative neuroinflammation. High amounts of astrocytes have been demonstrated around fibrillar Aβ-plaques in post-mortem AD brains (Yu et al. 2005). PET with 11C-PIB can reliably measure fibrillar amyloid in-vivo. The current investigation used DED-, PIB- and FDG-PET in a group of MCI and mild AD patients. DED-PET was performed in healthy age matched controls (n = 11; age=65 ± 3.6), MCI (n = 5; age=69 ± 6.1; MMSE=27.8 ± 1.9) and AD patients (n = 7; age=63 ± 6.5; MMSE=26.5 ± 1.9). A modified reference-Patlak model, with cerebellar grey matter as reference, was chosen for kinetic analysis of the DED data according to Johansson et al. (2007). Each participant's imaging data was analysed in native DED-PET space using a digital brain atlas; Hammers et al. (2003), DED data from 20-60 minutes was analysed. Mean regional glucose metabolism and PIB uptake ratios were calculated for each patient with cerebellum grey matter as reference. A slope (DED-binding) and intercept (initial tracer distribution) ratio was calculated for each region from the DED data. ANOVA on the regional DED ratios revealed a significant group effect in the left temporal, left posterior cingulate, bilateral frontal, left occipital, bilateral parietal and right putamen (F2,19=3.8-9.2 p = 0.05). A trend for an increased DED ratio in MCI existed in cortical regions. All patients, except one MCI, were PIB+ (cortical uptake ratios >1.41). There were no correlations between significant regional DED ratios, FDG and PIB. There was no significant difference between FDG and PIB between MCI and AD patients. A significant effect of DED ratios in several brain regions existed between controls and patients. DED-PET did not correlate with FDG or PIB in the brain regions investigated. These findings contrary to post-mortem data support previous studies using PK11195 demonstrating a limited relationship between PIB uptake and neuroinflammation (e.g. Wiley et al 2009). The trend for increased DED ratios in the cortex of MCI patients might indicate neuroinflammation is an early phenomenon in AD evolution. This suggestion requires further investigation involving reliable in-vivo neuroinflammation markers.
A Case of Pyogenic Granuloma of the Nasal Cavity Excised via the Midfacial Degloving Approach (2014)

Pyogenic granuloma is a benign tumor that involves the skin and mucosa. It often occurs during pregnancy and the most frequent symptoms are nasal bleeding. The author encountered a case of pyogenic granuloma of the nasal cavity which was resected via the midfacial degloving approach.A 31-year-old woman, 2 months after delivery of a baby, presented with spontaneous left-sided epistaxis and swelling of the bridge of the nose that had started 1 month previously. Physical examination demonstrated a white and dark-red mass that filled her left nasal cavity. The histological findings showed pyogenic granuloma. We determined to resect the mass because it remained 2 months after delivery without spontaneous regression.We chose the midfacial degloving approach to gain access to regions of the midface without external incisions. The entire successful resection was possible with this approach, and there has not been any recurrence for 1 year postoperatively. The cosmetic results were excellent and the patient was satisfied. No significant complications were seen.The midfacial degloving technique can be considered as a valuable procedure with low morbidity and excellent cosmetic outcome. It may be a viable procedure for pyogenic granuloma of the nasal cavity.
Supplementary Movie 7 from Interactions between MUC1 and p120 Catenin Regulate Dynamic Features of Cell Adhesion, Motility, and Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MOV file - 2626K, Motility S2-013.M.3A&lt;/p&gt;
Ketene thioacetal route to .gamma.-lactones. Effect of carbonyl hardness on reaction-site selectivity and a unique preparation of 3-methyl-5-phenyl-2(5H)-furanone (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKetene thioacetal route to .gamma.-lactones. Effect of carbonyl hardness on reaction-site selectivity and a unique preparation of 3-methyl-5-phenyl-2(5H)-furanoneAlan P. Kozikowski and Yon-Yih ChenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 11, 2236–2239Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01299a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01299a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IS AN ANGIOGRAPHICALLY OBLITERATED ANEURYSM ALWAYS SECURE? (2008)

We demonstrate false indication of aneurysm obliteration by intraoperative video angiographic evaluation using ICG. It is possible that this limitation would also apply to catheter angiography. If certainty of complete exclusion of the aneurysm through opening the dome is not achieved, long-term follow-up angiographic evaluation would be strongly advised.
Determination of HIV-1 Chemokine Coreceptor Tropism Using Transduced Human Osteosarcoma (HOS) Cells (2003)

CD4 was identified in 1984 as the receptor for HIV-1 (1,2). However, it was soon apparent that a second receptor was necessary for HIV-1 infection of CD4(+) cells. This coreceptor was first identified by Berger and colleagues who showed that fusion and entry of T-cell line-adapted strains of HIV-1 into CD4(+) cells were mediated by a member of the seven transmembrane chemokine receptor family (3). This protein was initially termed "fusin" and later found to be the α-chemokine receptor CXCR4. Subsequent reports by several laboratories rapidly identified a β-chemokine receptor, CCR5, that mediated entry of macrophage tropic HIV-1 isolates into CD4(+) cells (4-8). Since these initial reports, our understanding of HIV-1 cell entry has continued to evolve. It now seems clear that primary HIV-1 strains with a nonsyncytium-inducing pheno-type (in MT2 cells) utilize the CCR5 coreceptor and are designated "R5," whereas syncytium-inducing viruses preferentially utilize CXCR4, but may be dual tropic and are designated either "X4" or X4R5, respectively (9,10). Some viruses also appear to be able to utilize chemokine receptors CCR2B and CCR3 (7-10). In addition, the role of chemokine coreceptors in the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection and disease progression is just beginning to be understood. Individuals who are homozygous for a 32-bp deletion in the CCR5 gene are only rarely found to be HIV-1-infected, and the heterozygous CCR5/Δccr5 genotype has been associated with a survival advantage against HIV-1 disease progression (11-14).
A lifelong struggle for a lighter tomorrow: A qualitative study on experiences of obesity in primary healthcare patients (2022)

Obesity is a chronic disease, and patients need ongoing support. Therefore, care for patients with obesity in primary health care must be further developed. Patient resources and strengths have to be acknowledged and encouraged in the process of helping them adopt healthy lifestyle habits. The findings of this study can contribute to ending weight stigmatisation by increasing the knowledge of living with obesity.
Field Evaluation of Automated Distress Measuring Equipment (2014)

This report is for the field evaluation of automated distress measuring equipment. Equipment evaluated was the TxDOT automated visual 3D laser system van and three automated systems developed by visual distress data collection vendors.
Chaos and second messenger signaling in excitable cells (2002)

Routes to chaos and the domains of chaotic behavior were investigated for the cAMP signaling in excitable cells. The dynamics of cAMP signaling in the cellular molds of Dictyostelium discoideum were described by a third order nonlinear system and the different modes of cAMP oscillation were analyzed using Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams to determine the chaotic regions and their sensitivity to changes into intrinsic parameters of the model. It was concluded that cAMP receptor desensitization plays a crucial role as one of the feedback mechanisms governing the transitions between periodic and chaotic behavior of cAMP concentrations.
Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels from Glycerol (2012)

Due to an increased environmental awareness and thus, concerns over the use of fossil-based monomer for polymer production, there is an ongoing effort to find alternatives to non-renewable traditional monomers. This has ushered in the rapid growth in the development of bio-based materials such as green monomers and biodegradable polymers from vegetable and animal resources. Glycerol, as a renewable bio-based monomer, is an interesting candidate for sustainable polymer production. Glycerol is a renewable material that is a by-product of the transesterification of vegetable oils to biodiesel. Utilization of the excess glycerol derived from the growing biodiesel industry is important to oleochemical industries. The main objective of this thesis was to produce high molecular weight polyglycerol from glycerol and synthesize stimuli-responsive polyglycerol hydrogels. The work began with an investigation of the step-growth polymerization of glycerol to relatively high molecular weight polyglycerol using several catalysts. The catalytic reaction mechanisms were compared and the polymer products were fully analyzed. High molecular weight partially branched polyglycerol with multimodal molecular weight distributions was obtained. The polymerization of glycerol proceeded fastest with sulphuric acid as catalyst as indicated by the highest observed conversion of monomer along with the highest molecular weights. Theoretical models were used to predict the gel point and to calculate monomer functionality. High molecular weight polyglycerol was used to synthesize novel stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Real-time monitoring of step-growth polymerization of glycerol was investigated using in-line and off-line Attenuated Total Reflectance/Fourier Transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) technique.
Blind Knowledge Distillation for Robust Image Classification (2022)

Optimizing neural networks with noisy labels is a challenging task, especially if the label set contains real-world noise. Networks tend to generalize to reasonable patterns in the early training stages and overfit to specific details of noisy samples in the latter ones. We introduce Blind Knowledge Distillation - a novel teacher-student approach for learning with noisy labels by masking the ground truth related teacher output to filter out potentially corrupted knowledge and to estimate the tipping point from generalizing to overfitting. Based on this, we enable the estimation of noise in the training data with Otsus algorithm. With this estimation, we train the network with a modified weighted cross-entropy loss function. We show in our experiments that Blind Knowledge Distillation detects overfitting effectively during training and improves the detection of clean and noisy labels on the recently published CIFAR-N dataset. Code is available at GitHub.
Spatial and spectral nonlinear shaping of multimode waves (2016)

We demonstrate a novel nonlinear dynamics of multimode fibers that reshapes their spectral and spatial beam profiles, based on spatiotemporal modulation instability. Sidebands ranging from the visible to the near-infrared are carried by one and the same spatial bell-shaped profile.
Self-aligned resonant tunneling-diode finger structure for high cut-off frequency and device integration (1990)

Planar, interdigitated In0.53Ga0.47As/GaAs finger structure resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) have been successfully fabricated on the semi-insulating InP substrate by using a novel self-alignment and air-bridge technique. This design significantly reduces the parasitic series resistance, increases the oscillation frequency, and reduces the power loss. The front-side contact scheme also enables the monolithic integration of the RTDs in series to achieve multiple negative differential resistances.
Energy Management System and Pervasive Service-Oriented Networks (2010)

In this work, we study the energy management system (EMS) in the customer domain of the Smart Grid. We discuss the desired features and design issues, highlight the characteristics and identify the challenges. To address the challenges, we propose the innovative framework of Pervasive Service-Oriented Networks (PERSON). The core idea is to utilize a heterogeneous network as the information infrastructure, abstract the functionalities into services, and deploy context- aware intelligence to address the system dynamics. Furthermore, based on the framework of PERSON, we implement a powerful yet cost-effective EMS. The effectiveness of the EMS is demonstrated by a demand response application.
Abstract 1130: mPGES-1 drives the oncogenic potential of EGFR signaling (2011)

Abstract Prostaglandins, mostly PGE-2, have assumed an important role in cancer biology. Regarding of PGE-2 production, recent investigations have focused on PGE-2 synthases (mPGEs-1, mPGEs-2 and cPGEs), specifically on mPGEs-1, the only inducible enzyme among those so far identified in cells. Whereas cPGEs and mPGEs-2 are constitutively expressed at relatively low levels, mPGEs-1 is highly inducible by pro-inflammatory stimuli. mPGEs-1 upregulation has been detected in many epithelial tumors, and its silencing has been reported to reduce preneoplastic lesions. Despite the evidence linking mPGEs-1 and tumorigenesis, most studies investigating the inducible nature of the enzyme in cultured cells have been performed using a variety of inflammatory stimuli, while little is known about the behavior of the enzyme in tumor cells challenged with oncogenic stimuli. In this work we investigated mPGES-1 regulation in cultured epithelial tumor cells exposed to epidermal growth factor (EGF), an oncogene product which, through its receptor, EGF-receptor, is responsible for tumorigenisis in a wide array of solid tumors. We used three cell lines, representative of colon (HT-29), epidermoid (A431) and lung (A549) tumors, examining the expression of mPGEs-1 protein following EGF-receptor activation by EGF. We found that cells responded to EGF-receptor stimulation with a transient surge of the transcription factor Egr-1, its translocation from cytosol to necleus, an increase of mPGEs-1 mRNA and protein, as well as, an enhanced PGE-2 formation. These changes were suppressed by silencing Egr-1 and by EGF-receptor blockade or by inhibitors of the EGF-receptor-dependent mediators, such as MAP-kinase, ERK1/2. Moreover, cell activation through EGF-receptor induced a tumorigenic phenotype, detectable by clonogenic assay, which regressed when mPGEs-1 was silenced. We also explored the effect of inhibiting the EGF-receptor in A431 xenografts on mPGEs-1 expression and tumor growth, finding a parallel decline of both. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1130. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1130
Integration of mapped RNA-Seq reads into automatic training of eukaryotic gene finding algorithm (2014)

We present a new approach to automatic training of a eukaryotic ab initio gene finding algorithm. With the advent of Next-Generation Sequencing, automatic training has become paramount, allowing genome annotation pipelines to keep pace with the speed of genome sequencing. Earlier we developed GeneMark-ES, currently the only gene finding algorithm for eukaryotic genomes that performs automatic training in unsupervised ab initio mode. The new algorithm, GeneMark-ET augments GeneMark-ES with a novel method that integrates RNA-Seq read alignments into the self-training procedure. Use of 'assembled' RNA-Seq transcripts is far from trivial; significant error rate of assembly was revealed in recent assessments. We demonstrated in computational experiments that the proposed method of incorporation of 'unassembled' RNA-Seq reads improves the accuracy of gene prediction; particularly, for the 1.3 GB genome of Aedes aegypti the mean value of prediction Sensitivity and Specificity at the gene level increased over GeneMark-ES by 24.5%. In the current surge of genomic data when the need for accurate sequence annotation is higher than ever, GeneMark-ET will be a valuable addition to the narrow arsenal of automatic gene prediction tools.