gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genotypic diversity of Sinorhizobium (formerly Rhizobium) meliloti strains isolated directly from a soil and from nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grown in the same soil (1998)

The genetic structure of a population of Sinorhizobium meliloti (formerly Rhizobium meliloti) isolated from nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Europe) or isolated directly from the soil using an elective medium and colony hybridization was assessed by three molecular methods. Sixty-seven S. meliloti isolates were obtained from alfalfa nodules and 61 directly from soil. Plasmid profiles of S. meliloti isolates were analyzed as well as insertion sequence (IS) fingerprints using probes corresponding to the two indigenous IS elements: ISRm1 and ISRm5. The presence of a gene involved in nodule forming efficiency (nfeA gene) was also determined by PCR using specific primers, among S. meliloti isolates. Plasmid profile analysis revealed the presence of 23 distinct plasmid types among the 128 isolates tested and the distribution of plasmid types was significantly different between isolates obtained from nodules and isolates obtained from soil. The distributions of plasmid types among S. meliloti nodule isolates were similar to those in a collection of nodule isolates obtained from the same field 8 years previously. We have thus demonstrated that the distribution of plasmid types in alfalfa nodules has not varied over long periods in the absence of the host plant. IS fingerprinting was more discriminative than plasmid profiling as a total of 65 distinct IS genotypes were found among the same isolates. The distribution of IS genotypes was different between isolates obtained from nodules and those isolated from soil. These results suggest that sampling S. meliloti populations using the host plant may not be representative of existing soil populations. Genes like nfeA were detected in neither the nodule nor soil isolates. The dominant plasmid type in nodule isolates (30% of the population), carrying a large plasmid of 230 kb, is poorly represented among soil isolates (8%). This result suggests that this plasmid might be involved in the competitiveness of S. meliloti strains.
Enhancement of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Bioabsorbable Polymer Tubes Packed With Fibrin Gel (2007)

Nerve conduit tubes were developed using bioabsorbable polymer membranes, and the effects of tube shape--straight or bellows-shaped tubes--and the fibrin gel filling were investigated. The mechanical properties of the tubes were examined by in vitro tests, and their effectiveness for peripheral nerve regeneration was determined by grafting into experimentally transected sciatic nerves of rats. The bellows tube showed mechanically superior properties, and when used with the fibrin gel, it induced superior tissue formation of myelinated nerve fibers as compared to other tube types. The total area of myelinated axons regenerated in the fibrin-filled bellows tube was comparable to that of an isograft control, whereas those of the other tubes demonstrated inferior regeneration. This result suggests that the mechanically superior bellows tube filled with fibrin gel is an effective graft alternative for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Human papillomavirus genotype contribution to cervical cancer and precancer: Implications for screening and vaccination in Japan (2020)

To obtain baseline data for cervical cancer prevention in Japan, we analyzed human papillomavirus (HPV) data from 5045 Japanese women aged less than 40 years and diagnosed with cervical abnormalities at 21 hospitals during 2012-2017. These included cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1, n = 573), CIN2-3 (n = 3219), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS, n = 123), and invasive cervical cancer (ICC, n = 1130). The Roche Linear Array was used for HPV genotyping. The HPV type-specific relative contributions (RCs) were estimated by adding multiple infections to single types in accordance with proportional weighting attributions. Based on the comparison of type-specific RCs between CIN1 and CIN2-3/AIS/ICC (CIN2+), RC ratios were calculated to estimate type-specific risks for progression to CIN2+. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 85.5% of CIN1, 95.7% of CIN2-3/AIS, and 91.2% of ICC. Multiple infections decreased with disease severity: 42.9% in CIN1, 40.4% in CIN2-3/AIS, and 23.7% in ICC (P < .0001). The relative risk for progression to CIN2+ was highest for HPV16 (RC ratio 3.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.01-4.98), followed by HPV31 (2.51, 1.54-5.24), HPV18 (2.43, 1.59-4.32), HPV35 (1.56, 0.43-8.36), HPV33 (1.01, 0.49-3.31), HPV52 (0.99, 0.76-1.33), and HPV58 (0.97, 0.75-1.32). The relative risk of disease progression was 1.87 (95% CI, 1.71-2.05) for HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58, but only 0.17 (95% CI, 0.14-0.22) for HPV39/51/56/59/66/68. Human papillomavirus 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/6/11 included in a 9-valent vaccine contributed to 89.7% (95% CI, 88.7-90.7) of CIN2-3/AIS and 93.8% (95% CI, 92.4-95.3) of ICC. In conclusion, our data support the Japanese guidelines that recommend discriminating HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58 genotypes for CIN management. The 9-valent vaccine is estimated to provide over 90% protection against ICC in young Japanese women.
Review of Recent Results using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations in Patients Receiving Mechanical Assist Devices for End-Stage Heart Failure (2014)

Many end-stage heart failure patients are not eligible to undergo heart transplantation due to organ shortage, and even those under consideration for transplantation might suffer long waiting periods. A better understanding of the hemodynamic impact of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) on the cardiovascular system is therefore of great interest. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations give the opportunity to study the hemodynamics in this patient population using clinical imaging data such as computed tomographic angiography. This article reviews a recent study series involving patients with pulsatile and constant-flow LVAD devices in which CFD simulations were used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess blood flow dynamics in the thoracic aorta, demonstrating its potential to enhance the information available from medical imaging.
Compressive imaging with iterative forward models (2017)

We propose a new compressive imaging method for reconstructing 2D or 3D objects from their scattered wave-field measurements. Our method relies on a novel, nonlinear measurement model that can account for the multiple scattering phenomenon, which makes the method preferable in applications where linear measurement models are inaccurate. We construct the measurement model by expanding the scattered wave-field with an accelerated-gradient method, which is guaranteed to converge and is suitable for large-scale problems. We provide explicit formulas for computing the gradient of our measurement model with respect to the unknown image, which enables image formation with a sparsity-driven numerical optimization algorithm. We validate the method both analytically and with numerical simulations.
Enlarged perivascular spaces and plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in older adults without dementia (2023)

Dilation of perivascular spaces (PVS) in the brain may indicate poor fluid drainage due to the accumulation of perivascular cell debris, waste, and proteins, including amyloid-beta (Aβ). No prior study has assessed whether plasma Aβ levels are related to PVS in older adults without dementia. Independently living older adults (N = 56, mean age = 68.2 years; Standard deviation (SD) = 6.5; 30.4% male) free of dementia or clinical stroke were recruited from the community and underwent brain MRI and venipuncture. PVS were qualitatively scored and dichotomized to low PVS burden (scores 0-1,) or high PVS burden (score>1). Plasma was assayed using a Quanterix Simoa Kit to quantify Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels. A significant difference was observed in plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio between low and high PVS burden, controlling for age (F[1, 53] = 5.59, p = 0.022, η<sup>2</sup> = 0.10), with lower Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the high PVS burden group. Dilation of PVS is associated with a lower plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, which may indicate higher cortical amyloid deposition. Future longitudinal studies examining PVS changes, and the pathogenesis of AD are warranted.
Unstable ion cyclotron harmonic waves generated by inhomogeneity and the ion beam in an ion-beam–plasma system (2001)

In an ion-beam-inhomogeneous-plasma system, when the drift frequency ω * exceeds a harmonic of the ion cyclotron frequency nω ci , ion cyclotron harmonic waves are excited via the plasma inhomogeneity. These waves are strongly enhanced by ion-beam injection parallel to the magnetic field. As the plasma inhomogeneity is increased, the number of unstable modes increases as does their amplitude. Ion cyclotron harmonic waves with frequencies up to 4ω ci are observed experimentally; at least five modes become unstable, and these unstable waves have different azimuthal mode numbers I = 1 or 2. The dispersion relations of observed multiple ion cyclotron harmonic waves agree well with the theoretical ones, taking into account the plasma inhomogeneity and the ion beam.
Changes in Bone Marrow Tumor and Immune Cells Correlate with Durability of Remissions Following BCMA CAR T Therapy in Myeloma (2022)

There is an unmet need to identify determinants of durable responses following BCMA CAR T therapy of myeloma. High-dimensional analysis of the TME was performed to identify features of immune and tumor cells that correlate with survival and suggest several strategies to improve outcomes following CAR T therapy. See related commentary by Graham and Maus, p. 478. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476.
Syntheses of Strychnos- and Aspidospermatan-Type Alkaloids. 6. Total Syntheses of (.+-.)-Echitamidine, (.+-.)-Alstogustine, (.+-.)-19-epi-Alstogustine, and (.+-.)-Akuammicine (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of Strychnos- and Aspidospermatan-Type Alkaloids. 6. Total Syntheses of (.+-.)-Echitamidine, (.+-.)-Alstogustine, (.+-.)-19-epi-Alstogustine, and (.+-.)-AkuammicineMartin E. Kuehne, Feng Xu, and Christopher S. BrookCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 25, 7803–7806Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00104a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00104a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views642Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Herculaneum Scrolls (2001)

Introduction In 1752 antiquity hunters were tunneling down into a large villa on a hill overlooking Herculaneum and the Bay of Naples when they made the discovery of manuscripts. This villa probably once belonged to the wealthy Roman aristocrat Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, a well-known Roman politician, who was a patron of Epicurean philosophers. The villa was lost from history in A.D. 79 in the catastrophic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius when it was buried by tons of thick volcanic mud that gradually hardened to a concrete-like consistency. Workers searching for artistic treasures in the villa were rewarded by the discovery of many important works of art—in particular a series of bronze busts. Rather than excavating the villa in the traditional manner which would have meant removing the huge layer of volcanic debris that covered the villa, they simply tunneled down through the concrete-like volcanic mud and then around the villa. In the course of their excavations they discovered the carbonized remains of a library of some 1500 papyri rolls—thus the name Villa of the Papyri. Due to the intense heat of the volcanic flow and pressed by the weight of the mud, lava, pumice, and the rubble these rolls were in various states of carbonization—some resembled sticks of charcoal others lumps of coal. Many of the papyri have now been unrolled, read, and published. A team from Brigham Young University were asked to apply Multispectral Imaging technology (MSI) to help scholars transcribe the texts. The images have now provided valuable assistance in reading these ancient texts. Many of the Herculaneum scrolls still remain rolled up because the layers are fused together. Some scrolls were cut apart with a knife and the fragments were then peeled from the lumps of carbonized papyri. This was destruc-
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Measurement of the variation of the N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}$ with pressure P and the compressibility \ensuremath{\kappa} of the orbitally ordered $\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{III}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ array of the $R{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ family $(R=\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{m})$ and of the $\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{IV}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ array of the ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ system have enabled the determination for each of a systematic increase in \ensuremath{\kappa}, the magnitude of the Bloch parameter ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{B}\ensuremath{\equiv}d\mathrm{ln}{T}_{N}/d\mathrm{ln}V,$ and ${T}_{N}$ with decreasing bending of the (180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-\ensuremath{\varphi}) Mn-O-Mn bond angles. The data demonstrate that the anomalously high value of $\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{B}=5.5$ reported previously for ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$ is not due to orbital order and its attendant anisotropic magnetic order. A higher $|{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{B}|$ than 3.3 and an increasing compressibility characterize a system on the approach from the localized-electron side to a first-order transition from localized to itinerant electronic behavior. Moreover, the puzzling empirical relationship ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\sim}〈{\mathrm{cos}}^{2}\ensuremath{\varphi}〉$ for the \ensuremath{\pi}-bonding $\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{IV}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ array is rationalized by dominance of a semicovalent exchange term over the superexchange term in the perturbation theory for the spin-spin interatomic interactions. The data also provide indirect evidence for a transition from in-phase to out-of-phase stacking along the c axis of the (001)-plane orbital ordering that has been predicted by Mizokawa, Khomskii, and Sawatzky.
Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors Based on InP-GaAs Heterostructure (2012)

We present tunneling field-effect transistors fabricated from InP-GaAs heterostructure nanowires with an n-i-p doping profile, where the intrinsic InP region is modulated by a top gate. The devices show an inverse subthreshold slope down to 50 mV/dec averaged over twodecadeswithanon/offcurrentratioofapproximately10 7 foragatevoltageswing(VGS)of 1Vandanon-currentof2.2 μA/μm.Low-temperaturemeasurementssuggestamechanismof trap-assisted tunneling, possibly explained by a narrow band gap segment of InGaAsP.
InP quantum dots embedded in GaP: Optical properties and carrier dynamics (2003)

The optical emission and dynamics of carriers in Stranski-Krastanow self-organized InP quantum dots embedded in a GaP matrix are studied. InP deposited on GaP (001) using gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy forms quantum dots for InP coverage greater than 1.8 monolayers. Strong photoluminescence from the quantum dots is observed up to room temperature at about 2 eV; photoluminescence from the two-dimensional InP wetting layer is measured at about 2.2 eV. Modeling based on the ``model-solid theory'' indicates that the band alignment for the InP quantum dots is direct and type I. Furthermore, low-temperature time-resolved photoluminescence measurements indicate that the carrier lifetime in the quantum dots is about 2 ns, typical for type-I quantum dots. Pressure-dependent photoluminescence measurements provide further evidence for a type-I band alignment for InP/GaP quantum dots at normal pressure with the GaP X states lying about 30 meV higher than the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ states in the InP quantum dots, but indicate that they become type II under hydrostatic pressures of about 1.2 GPa.
Pattern of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Risk Factors Among Women Attending an STD Referral Clinic in Nairobi, Kenya (2000)

Most women reported low-risk sexual behavior and were likely to be infected by their regular partner. HIV and STD prevention campaigns will not have a significant impact if the transmission between partners is not addressed.
KIT Bus: A Shuttle Model for CARLA Simulator (2021)

With the continuous development of science and technology, self-driving vehicles will surely change the nature of transportation and realize the automotive industry's transformation in the future. Compared with self-driving cars, self-driving buses are more efficient in carrying passengers and more environmentally friendly in terms of energy consumption. Therefore, it is speculated that in the future, self-driving buses will become more and more important. As a simulator for autonomous driving research, the CARLA simulator can help people accumulate experience in autonomous driving technology faster and safer. However, a shortcoming is that there is no modern bus model in the CARLA simulator. Consequently, people cannot simulate autonomous driving on buses or the scenarios interacting with buses. Therefore, we built a bus model in 3ds Max software and imported it into the CARLA to fill this gap. Our model, namely KIT bus, is proven to work in the CARLA by testing it with the autopilot simulation. The video demo is shown on our Youtube.
Synthetic, structural, and bonding studies of phosphido-bridged early-late transition-metal heterobimetallic complexes (1990)

The mononuclear terminal phosphide complexes Cp2M(PR2)2(M = Zr, Hf; R = Et, Ph, Cy) are shown to act as chelating bis(phosphine) ligands to Ni, Pd, and Pt (M’) in compounds of the form Cp2M(μ-PR2)2M’Ln(n = 1, 2) and {Cp2M(μ-PR2)2}2M’. Reaction of Cp2M(PEt2)2with Ni(1,5-COD)2yields either Cp2M(μ-PEt2)2Ni(1,5-COD) or {Cp2M(μ-PEt2)2}2Ni depending on the stoichiometry employed. Analogous reactions with Pd(PPh3)4and Pt(PPh3)3yield mixtures of Cp2M(μ-PEt2)2M’(PPh3) and (Cp2M(μ-PEt2)2}2M’ (M’ = Pd, Pt) when the M/M’ ratio is &lt;2. With bulkier substituents, Cp2M(PR2)2(R = Ph, Cy) react with Pt(1,5-COD)2and CpPd(η-2-Me-allyl) in the presence of phosphines and phosphites yielding only Cp2M-(μ-PR2)2M’L (L = PR’3, P(OR’)3). The M’L2complexes Cp2M(μ-PPh2)2M’(DMPE) were also prepared. The three classes of compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structure of Cp2Zr-(μ-PEt2)2Ni(μ-PEt2)2HfCp2(C2/c, Z = 8, a = 34.823 (4), b = 10.991 (2), c = 21.606 (3) Å, β = 105.65 (1)°) consists of two 16-e-d0metal centers coupled to a pseudotetrahedral 18-e-d10Ni center by PEt2bridges. The MP2Ni rings are nearly planar with an average M—Ni separation of 3.027 (1) Å. The structure of Cp2Hf(μ-PPh2)2Pd(PPh3) (C2/c, Z = 8, a = 27.701 (8), b = 10.654 (5), c = 30.330 (11) Å, β = 103.16 (5)°) consists of edge-shared, 16-e-pseudotetrahedral Hf(IV) and trigonal planar Pd(0) centers with a puckered HfP2Pd ring and a Hf-Pd separation of 2.896 (1) Å. In the structure of Cp2Hf(μ-PPh2)2Pd(DMPE) (C2/c, Z = 8, a = 25.361 (12), b = 19.584 (5), c = 18.814 (13) Å, β = 126.15 (5)°) the 16-e-Hf(IV) and 18-e-Pd(0) centers are pseudotetrahedral, the HfP2Pd ring is puckered and the Hf—Pd separation is 2.983 (1) Å. Extended Hückel molecular orbital calculations performed on the model complexes Cp2Zr(μ-PH2)2M’Ln(M’Ln= Pt(PH3), Pt(DMPE), Rh(η5-indenyl), Ni(μ-PH2)2ZrCp2, and Mo(CO)4) indicate the presence of M’ → Zr donor-acceptor metal-metal bonds that become weaker along the series. The calculations also predict low barriers to MP2M’ ring inversion for the Pt complexes, consistent with low-temperature1H and31P NMR spectroscopic observations. © 1990, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Large field-of-view asymmetric masks for high-energy x-ray phase imaging with standard x-ray tube (2016)

We report on a new approach to large field-of-view laboratory-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging. The method is based upon the asymmetric mask design that enables the retrieval of the absorption, refraction and ultra-small- angle scattering properties of the sample without the need to move any component of the imaging system. The sample is scanned through the imaging system, which also removes possible aliasing problems that might arise from partial sample illumination when using the edge illumination technique. This concept can be extended to any desired number of apertures providing, at the same time, intensity projections at complementary illumination conditions. Experimental data simultaneously acquired at seven different illumination fractions are presented along with the results obtained from a numerical model that incorporates the actual detector performance. The ultimate shape of the illumination function is shown to be significantly dependent on these detector-specific characteristics. Based on this concept, a large field-of-view system was designed, which is also capable to cope with relatively high (100 kVp) X-ray energies. The imaging system obtained in this way, where the asymmetric mask design enables the data to be collected without moving any element of the instrumentation, adapts particularly well to those situations in medical, industrial and security imaging where the sample has to be scanned through the system.