gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and luminescent properties of three-coordinate copper(I) halide complexes containing a carbazolyl monodentate phosphine ligand (2018)

A series of three-coordinate dinuclear copper halide complexes containing acarbazolyl monodentate phosphine ligand, [CuX(dppc)]2 (dppc =3,6-di-tert-butyl-9-[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]carbazole, X = I (1), Br (2), and Cl (3)), were synthesized, and their molecular structures and photophysical properties were investigated. The structural analysis reveals that two copper(I) centers are bridged by two halogen ligands to form a dinuclear structure with a four-membered Cu2X2 ring. Crystal structures of 1-3 contain 1-D supramolecular arrays constructed by intermolecular C–H···π interactions. These complexes exhibit blue to green emission in the solid state at room temperature and have peak emission wavelengths at 492–495 nm with microsecond lifetimes and low emission quantum yields (< 0.01%). The emission of 1-3 mainly originates from MLCT, XLCT, and IL (intraligand) transitions. The three complexes displayed good thermal stability.
Laser beam steering/shaping with LCoS 2D OPA for free space optical communication (2004)

2-D Optical Phased Array (OPA) antenna based on a Liquid Crystal On Silicon (LCoS) device can be considered for use in free space optical communication as an active beam controlling device. Several examples of the functionality of the device include: beam steering in horizontal and elevation direction; high resolution wavefront compensation in large telescope; beam shaping with computer generated kinoform. Various issues related to the diffraction efficiency, steering range, steering accuracy as well as magnitude of wavefront compensation is discussed.
Denoising With Infinite Mixture Of Gaussians (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Spurious Serum Hormone Immunoassay Results: Causes, Recognition, Management (2022)

For over 50 years, immunoassays have been extensively used to quantitate hormones in blood, other fluids and tissues. Each assay has its own sensitivity, specificity and other analytical components. Despite the differences between commercial products, these assays provide important clinical information about hormone levels in patients. However, inaccurate results can occur because of technical issues, as well as patient-specific factors that can interfere with immunoassay hormone measurements. The latter include excessive normal blood or serum components, the presence of cross-reacting substances, extremely high levels of hormones leading to the high-dose hook effect, and interference from a variety of endogenous factors such as human antibodies that interact with the assay components or high levels of biotin in the serum from exogenous ingestion. This article briefly reviews the sources and recognition of endogenous interference, and describes methods to determine the correct serum hormone concentration.
Cells expressing AQP either exogenously or endogenously are resistant to ultra-quick freezing/thawing. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Cell viability after ultra-quick freezing/thawing: comparison between CHO, MDCK cells and stably expressing AQP4 cells (AQP4-CHO, AQP4-MDCK), and also primary culture astrocytes from WT-mice (AQP4+) or AQP4-null mice (n ≧ 3, ***P&lt;0.001).&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A New Efficient Synthetic Strategy for N‐(Dialkylamino)azacycle as a Tetrasubstituted Hydrazine Derivative Using Sodium Triacyloxyborohydride. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immune Profiling to Predict Treatment Response from Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2014)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving stem cell transplant. Extracorporeal photopheresis has demonstrated efficacy in a proportion of GVHD patients that are steroid refractory. However, given the expense, the challenging logistics, and unpredictable GVHD response to ECP, a predictive immune biomarker to assist with the selection of patients to treat with ECP can make this treatment modality more efficacious and cost-effective. One of the challenges of using leukocyte as biomarkers is that any single leukocyte population does not adequately describe the immune system. We have recently described an approach to characterize the immune system in a comprehensive manner. We have used a combination of whole blood quantitative flow cytometry and bioinformatics to generate immune profiles among patients with GVHD who were prescribed ECP. GVHD grading and clinical responses were confirmed by serial physical exams and review of medical records over a 6 month period. Response to ECP was defined as a decrease in clinical grade of GVHD (IBMTR and NIH consensus criteria) at the end of treatment. Peripheral blood drawn prior to initiation of ECP was used to generate a patient's immune phenotype by analyzing 33 lymphoid and myeloid surface marker combinations by flow cytometry. Immune phenotypes from 27 age-matched healthy volunteers were used as controls. From July 2011 to April 2013, 20 patients were enrolled (3 aGVHD, 17 cGVHD). At the time of this abstract, 15 patients were evaluable for treatment response, with 6 responders and 9 non-responders (median time on treatment 5.28 months, range 0.25 – 6 months). Using multivariate analysis by principal component analysis and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, we identified clustering patterns (immune profiles) in the composite immune phenotypes of the GVHD patients and controls. The healthy controls clustered together into a single immune profile. Four of the six responders clustered closely together and away from the 9 non-responders and healthy controls (Fig 1). Anova analysis identified 21 individual markers that were different among the clusters. Using non-parametric Wilcoxon comparison, we found that patients who responded to ECP had lower numbers of lymphocytes (p=2.5x10-12), CD4 T cells (p=0.002), CD4+CD69+ T cells (p=0.02), and CD8+CTLA4+ (p=1.8x10-5) than healthy controls and non-responders. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bioinformatics approach to comprehensively examine systemic immune profiles of GVHD patients. Our results provide the proof-of-concept for using this method to identify an immune profile as a predictive biomarker in the treatment of GVHD. Our data supports the need for a larger study to definitively define the immune profiles and validate this approach.
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel (2020)

Most oil and gas production wells have plenty of corrosive species present along with solid particles. In such production environments, CO2 gas can dissolve in free phase water and form carbonic acid (H2CO3). This carbonic acid, along with fluid flow and with/without solid particles (sand or other entrained particles), can result in unpredictable severe localized CO2 corrosion and/or erosion–corrosion (EC). So, in this work, the CO2 EC performance of API 5L X-65 carbon steel, a commonly used material in many oil and gas piping infrastructure, was investigated. A recirculating flow loop was used to perform these studies at three different CO2 concentrations (pH values of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5), two impingement velocities (8 and 16 m/s), three impingement angles (15°, 45°, and 90°), and with/without 2000 ppm sand particles for a duration of 3 h in 0.2 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Corrosion products were characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The CO2 EC rates were found to decrease with an increase in the pH value due to the increased availability of H+ ions. The highest CO2 erosion–corrosion rates were observed at a 45° impingement angle in the presence of solid particles under all conditions. It was also observed that a change in pH value influenced the morphology and corrosion resistance of the corrosion scales.
MEMS Enabled Asymmetric Slab Waveguide for Continuously Tunable Filter (2021)

This paper proposed a MEMS-enabled asymmetric slab waveguide integrated with a concave diffraction grating on a silicon-on-insulator platform to make a continuously tunable filter. The designed tunable filter could continuously filter three different channels at different wavelengths.
HlyC, the Internal Protein Acyltransferase That Activates Hemolysin Toxin:  Role of Conserved Histidine, Serine, and Cysteine Residues in Enzymatic Activity As Probed by Chemical Modification and Site-Directed Mutagenesis (1999)

HlyC is an internal protein acyltransferase that activates hemolysin, a toxic protein produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) is the essential acyl donor. Separately subcloned, expressed, and purified prohemolysin A (proHlyA), HlyC, and [1-14C]myristoyl-ACP have been used to study the conversion of proHlyA to HlyA [Trent, M. S., Worsham, L. M., and Ernst-Fonberg, M. L. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 4644-4655]. HlyC and hemolysin belong to a family of at least 13 toxins produced by Gram-negative bacteria. The homologous acyltransferases of the family show a number of conserved residues that are possible candidates for participation in acyl transfer. Specific chemical reagents and site-directed mutagenesis showed that neither the single conserved cysteine nor the three conserved serine residues were required for enzyme activity. Treatment with the reversible histidine-modifying diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) inhibited acyltransferase activity, and acyltransferase activity was restored following hydroxylamine treatment. The substrate myristoyl-ACP protected HlyC from DEPC inhibition. These findings and spectral absorbance changes suggested that histidine, particularly a histidine proximal to the substrate binding site, was essential for enzyme activity. Site-directed mutageneses of the single conserved histidine residue, His23, to alanine, cysteine, or serine resulted in each instance in complete inactivation of the enzyme.
Autonomous Chitosan-Based Self-Healing Hydrogel Formed through Noncovalent Interactions (2019)

A facile strategy was developed for the formation of an autonomous chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel. This hydrogel was fabricated using in situ free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) in the presence of chitosan in dilute acetic acid aqueous solution under mild conditions. The in situ formed hydrogel is mainly composed of chitosan graft copolymers (CS-g-P(AM-r-AA)) and a small amount of nongrafted copolymers (P(AM-r-AA)), which interact with each other through a combination of multiple noncovalent interactions, including the interchain electrostatic complexation between −[AA]– segments and positively charged amino groups of chitosan, the H-bonding between −[AM]– segments, and the H-bonding between −[AM]– segments and the chitosan backbone. Owing to the cooperation of these noncovalent interactions and the reversible nature of the noncovalent network structure, the obtained hydrogel exhibits rapid network recovery, high stretchability, and efficient autonomous self-healing properties. The hydrogel can also dissolve completely in dilute acidic aqueous solution under mild conditions, visibly reflecting the unique network feature of this self-healing hydrogel system.
Eddy current power losses in a toroidal laminated core with rectangular cross section (2009)

The paper presents a completely analytical solution for the magnetic field, the induced eddy currents and corresponding losses in a toroidal laminated core with a rectangular cross section. The diffusion equation is analytically solved using a separation of variables in a cylindrical coordinate system, and accurate conditions for the weak and strong diffusion effect are determined. An equivalent resistance corresponding to the eddy current losses is defined and determined. The results are experimentally verified.
EFFECT OF ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION PARAMETERS ON DROPLETS CHARGING FOR AGRICULTURAL APPLICATION (2009)

In this study, an electrostatic sprayer which had been previously designed and con-structed was evaluated in order to quantify the charging of droplets. Liquid atomization was achieved by using an ultrasonic nozzle. The nozzle maximum flow rate was 25 millili-ters per minute and vibration frequency was about 30 kHz. The induction method was used for charging the output droplets. All experiments were carried out within a closed environment with a fixed ambient humidity and temperature to reduce the effect of envi-ronmental factors. The independent parameters in this study included: voltage at four levels of 1.5, 3, 5 and 7 kV; air flow speed at six levels of 14, 14.9, 17, 20.2, 21.6 and 23 m s-1; charging electrode radius in two levels of 10 and 15 millimeters, horizontal distance be-tween the electrode and nozzle tip at four levels of 1.5, 6, 10 and 15 millimeters; and liquid flow rate at three levels of 5, 12 and 25 milliliters per minutes. For evaluation of the sys-tem, the charging quantities of droplets were measured in different states. The maximum charging occurred at 5 ml min-1 flow rate, voltage of 7 kV, air flow speed of 23 m s-1 and the resulting current was 0.24 µA. On dividing the electrical current by the liquid flow
Safety and clinical activity of durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab in extensive disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). (2018)

8517 Background: Treatment options for ED-SCLC are limited, with standard first-line platinum and etoposide and second-line topotecan having limited clinical activity. Beyond these agents, no approved therapy prolongs survival. Dual checkpoint inhibition with the anti-PD-L1 durvalumab in combination with the anti-CTLA-4 tremelimumab has demonstrated a manageable safety profile and clinical activity in several solid tumor types. Here we present safety and clinical activity data for the combination in pretreated patients with ED-SCLC. Methods: In this phase 1 dose-exploration and expansion study, patients with ECOG PS 0–1 received durvalumab 20 mg/kg every 4 wks in combination with tremelimumab 1 mg/kg every 4 wks for 7 doses, then every 12 wks for 2 doses, followed by durvalumab 10 mg/kg every 2 wks for up to 12 mos, with retreatment permitted for progression after 12 mos of therapy. Antitumor activity was evaluated by investigator-assessed RECIST v1.1. Results: As of 20 Oct 2017, 30 patients (median age 63.5 y, 57% male, 70% ECOG PS 1) received treatment in the expansion phase. All patients had prior systemic therapy (median 2 prior therapies); 19 patients were platinum resistant/refractory. 20 patients (67%) reported ≥1 treatment-related AE (TRAE); the most common were fatigue (n = 7 [23%]) and pruritus (n = 7 [23%]). 7 patients (23%) had grade 3/4 TRAEs. No patients discontinued due to TRAEs and there were no treatment-related deaths. Confirmed ORR was 13.3% (2 CR, 2 PR; 95% CI 3.8–30.7), including 3 platinum resistant/refractory patients (1 CR with 2 prior therapies, 2 PR each with 1 prior treatment); median duration of response was 18.9 mos (95% CI 16.3–18.9). Disease control rate at 16 wks was 20.0% (95% CI 7.7–38.6). Median PFS was 1.8 mos (95% CI 1.0–1.9), median OS was 7.9 mos (95% CI 3.2–15.8), and 12-mo OS rate was 41.7% (95% CI 23.3–59.2). In addition, one patient with a brain metastasis was continuing in follow-up > 2 years after starting treatment. Conclusions: Durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab had a tolerable safety profile and promising activity in pretreated ED-SCLC. Responses were durable and seen in both platinum-sensitive and platinum resistant/refractory patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02261220.
Cost Effective Production of Glass Interposers for 3D ICs Using APEX(TM) Glass Ceramic (2011)

The most singular focus of the electronics industry during the last 50 years has been to miniaturize ICs by miniaturization of transistors and on-chip interconnections. Two major problems are foreseen with this approach; electrical leakage and lack of improved electrical performance beyond 16nm. As a result, industry is transitioning from the current SOC-based approach to a through-silicon-via (TSV) based 3D IC-stacked approach. However, a major challenge remains; these 3D ICs need to be interconnected to other ICs with a much higher number of I/Os than are available with current ceramic or organic interposers. While silicon interposers currently in development can provide these high I/Os, they cannot do so at low enough cost. In this talk, we will present on our efforts in glass interposers fabrication. Glass interposers possess many advantages over silicon interposers including: cost, production time, and scale. Life MicroFab's APEX™ Glass ceramic is a photo-sensitive material used to create high density arrays of through glass vias (TGVs) using three simple processing steps: exposure, baking, and etching. To date, we have been successful in producing large arrays of 12 micron diameter TGVs, with 14 micron center-to-center pitchs, in 125 micron thick APEX™ Glass ceramic. We will present (1) on our efforts producing high aspect ratio TGVs in thin (500-250 micron) and ultra thin (250-75 micron) APEX™ Glass ceramic wafers, (2) maximum TGV aspect ratios, and (3) TGV fidelity and limits of manufacturing.
Chemotaxis-driven assembly of endothelial barrier in a tumor-on-a-chip platform (2016)

The integration of three-dimensional micropatterning with microfluidics provides a unique opportunity to create perfusable tissue constructs in vitro. Herein, we have used this approach to create a tumor-on-a-chip with an endothelial barrier. Specifically, we photopatterned a mixture of endothelial cells and cancer spheroids within a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel inside a microfluidic device. The differential motility of endothelial and cancer cells in response to a controlled morphogen gradient across the cell-laden network drove the migration of endothelial cells to the periphery while maintaining the cancer cells within the interior of the hydrogel. The resultant endothelial cell layer forming cell-cell contact via VE-cadherin junctions was found to encompass the entire GelMA hydrogel structure. Furthermore, we have also examined the potential of such a tumor-on-a-chip system as a drug screening platform using doxorubicin, a model cancer drug.
The tailless Ortholog nhr-67 Regulates Patterning of Gene Expression and Morphogenesis in the C. elegans Vulva (2005)

Regulation of spatio-temporal gene expression in diverse cell and tissue types is a critical aspect of development. Progression through Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development leads to the generation of seven distinct vulval cell types (vulA, vulB1, vulB2, vulC, vulD, vulE, and vulF), each with its own unique gene expression profile. The mechanisms that establish the precise spatial patterning of these mature cell types are largely unknown. Dissection of the gene regulatory networks involved in vulval patterning and differentiation would help us understand how cells generate a spatially defined pattern of cell fates during organogenesis. We disrupted the activity of 508 transcription factors via RNAi and assayed the expression of ceh-2, a marker for vulB fate during the L4 stage. From this screen, we identified the tailless ortholog nhr-67 as a novel regulator of gene expression in multiple vulval cell types. We find that one way in which nhr-67 maintains cell identity is by restricting inappropriate cell fusion events in specific vulval cells, namely vulE and vulF. nhr-67 exhibits a dynamic expression pattern in the vulval cells and interacts with three other transcriptional regulators cog-1 (Nkx6.1/6.2), lin-11 (LIM), and egl-38 (Pax2/5/8) to generate the composite expression patterns of their downstream targets. We provide evidence that egl-38 regulates gene expression in vulB1, vulC, vulD, vulE, as well as vulF cells. We demonstrate that the pairwise interactions between these regulatory genes are complex and vary among the seven cell types. We also discovered a striking regulatory circuit that affects a subset of the vulval lineages: cog-1 and nhr-67 inhibit both one another and themselves. We postulate that the differential levels and combinatorial patterns of lin-11, cog-1, and nhr-67 expression are a part of a regulatory code for the mature vulval cell types.
Superspontaneous Four-Wave Mixing in an Array of Silicon Microresonators (2022)

Composite optical systems can show compelling collective dynamics. For instance, the cooperative decay of quantum emitters into a common radiation mode can lead to super-radiance, where the emission rate of the ensemble is larger than the sum of the rates of the individual emitters. Here, we report experimental evidence of super spontaneous four-wave mixing, an analogous effect for the generation of photon pairs in a parametric nonlinear process on an integrated photonic device. We study this phenomenon in an array of microring resonators on a silicon photonic chip coupled to bus waveguides. We measure a cooperative pair-generation rate that always exceeds the incoherent sum of the rates of the individual resonators. We investigate the physical mechanisms underlying this collective behavior, clarify the impact of loss, and address the aspects of fundamental and technological relevance of our results.
Characterization of a Nerve Growth Factor‐Stimulated Protein Kinase in PC12 Cells Which Phosphorylates Microtubule‐Associated Protein 2 and pp250 (1990)

Treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) resulted in the rapid, but transient, activation of a protein kinase which specifically phosphorylated an endogenous 250-kDa cytoskeletal protein (pp250). We report that the microtubule-associated protein, MAP2, is an alternative substrate for the NGF-activated kinase. NGF treatment maximally activated the kinase within 5 min; however, the activity declined with longer exposure to NGF. The enzyme was localized predominantly in microsomal and soluble fractions and phosphorylated MAP2 on serine and threonine residues. The soluble enzyme was fractionated by DEAE chromatography and gel filtration and had an apparent Mr of 45,000. The enzyme was purified to near homogeneity by chromatofocussing and had a pI of 4.9. Kinetic analysis revealed that NGF treatment caused a sevenfold increase in Vmax for MAP2. The Km with respect to the MAP2 substrate was approximately 50 nM and was not altered by NGF treatment. A novel feature of the NGF-stimulated enzyme was its sharp dependence on Mn2+ concentration. The active enzyme is likely to be phosphorylated, because inclusion of phosphatase inhibitors was required for recovery of optimal activity and the activity was lost on treatment of the enzyme with alkaline phosphatase. Histones, tubulin, casein, bovine serum albumin, and the ribosomal subunit protein S-6 were not phosphorylated by this enzyme. The NGF-stimulated kinase was distinct from A kinase, C kinase, or other NGF-stimulated kinases. The rapid and transient activation of the protein kinase upon NGF treatment suggests that the enzyme may play a role in signal transduction in PC12 cells.