gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrillogenic Amylin Evokes Islet β-Cell Apoptosis through Linked Activation of a Caspase Cascade and JNK1 (2003)

Fibrillogenic human amylin elicits pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis that may contribute to development of type-2 diabetes. Here, we demonstrated that activation of a caspase cascade is necessary for induction of apoptosis by fibrillogenic amylin variants in two pancreatic beta-cell lines. Human amylin, as well as truncated 8-37human amylin, evoked sequential activation of caspases-8 and -3, and apoptosis, whereas non-beta-sheet forming and non-fibrillogenic homologs, such as [25,28,29triprolyl]human amylin, did not, implying that the beta-sheet conformer is required for human amylin-induced caspase activation. Significant inhibition of apoptosis was evoked by a selective caspase-1 inhibitor, indicating that caspase-1 is also essential for activation of the caspase cascade. Furthermore, we showed that specific jnk1 antisense oligonucleotides, which suppress phospho-JNK1 expression, effectively decreased human amylin-induced activation of c-Jun. Studies of the interplay between the caspase cascade and the JNK pathway showed that both apoptosis and caspase-3 activation were suppressed by treatment with a JNK inhibitor and by transfection of antisense jnk1 oligonucleotides or antisense-c-jun, whereas a selective inhibitor of caspases-1 and -3 prevented apoptosis but not c-Jun activation. Thus, the JNK1 activation preceded activation of caspases-1 and -3. However, selective JNK inhibition had no effect on caspase-8 activation, and selective caspase-8 inhibition only partially suppressed apoptosis and c-Jun activation, indicating that caspase-8 may partially act upstream of the JNK pathway. Our studies demonstrate a functional interaction of a caspase cascade and JNK1. Fibrillogenic amylin can evoke a JNK1-mediated apoptotic pathway, which is partially dependent and partially independent of caspase-8, and in which caspase-3 acts as a common downstream effector.
Syhthesis of Ionic Liquids: Tips to Produce Highly Pure Ionic Liquids and Obtain Good Yield (2013)

Ionic liquids and their precursors in variation of cations side chains which are alkane, ether, disiloxane and trisiloxane have been successfully synthesized including 12 of them are novel compounds. They have been successfully characterized with 1 H-NMR, 29 Si-NMR, 13 C-NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The synthesis of ionic liquids is carried out by alkylation reaction and metathesis reaction. Even though these methods are conventional and straight forward, they were sometimes more difficult to carry out than reported. In addition, a common problem is that yields of the ionic liquid precursors may be very different from those reported in the literature. Therefore, this paper will comprehensively discuss techniques for the synthesis of ionic liquids precursors and ionic liquids in good yield and high purity.
Magnetodynamic fluid pump (1996)

The total magnetic energy of a solenoid can be reduced by the introduction of a magnetic material. This effect is exploited in the operation of actuators used in a variety of applications ranging from automobile door locks to the clamping of airplane landing gear. FerrofluidTM is a stable colloidal suspension of magnetic particles in a liquid carrier with μ≤3μ0 and viscosities in the range from 10–6000 cp. A report will be made on a measurement of the resonant oscillations of the magnetically driven ferrofluid contained in a U-tube geometry. The ferrofluid ‘‘plug’’ functions as a double-acting piston which generates sound in the gas volumes which are above the fluid-free surface. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Unveiling the reaction mechanism of novel copper<i>N</i>-alkylated tetra-azacyclophanes with outstanding superoxide dismutase activity (2020)

Quantum chemical and multiscale calculations reveal the mechanistic pathway of two superoxide dismutase mimetic N-alkylated tetra-azacyclophane copper complexes with remarkable activity. The arrangement of the binding site afforded by the bulky alkyl substituents and the coordinated water molecule as a proton source play key roles in the reaction mechanism.
19-core MCF transmission system using EDFA with shared core pumping coupled via free-space optics (2013)

We report the development of a space division multiplexed (SDM) transmission system consisting of a 19-core fiber and 19-core Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). A new 19-core fiber with an improved core arrangement was employed to achieve a low aggregated inter-core crosstalk of -42 dB at 1550 nm over 30 km. The EDFA uses shared free-space optics for pump beam combining and isolation, thus is SDM transparent and has some potential for cost reduction. 19.6 dB to 23.3 dB gain and 6.0 dB to 7.0 dB noise figure were obtained for each SDM channel at 1550 nm. System feasibility for SDM transmission over 1200 km was demonstrated with 100 Gb/s PDM-QPSK signals.
Phong Tessellation (2008)

Modern 3D engines used in real-time applications provide shading that hides the lack of higher order continuity inside the shapes using modulated normals, textures, and tone-mapping -- artifacts remain only on interior contours and silhouettes if the surface geometry is not smooth. The basic idea in this paper is to apply a purely local refinement strategy that inflates the geometry enough to avoid these artifacts. Our technique is a geometric version of Phong normal interpolation, not applied on normals but on the vertex positions. We call this strategy Phong Tessellation.
Duration of red blood cell storage is associated with increased incidence of deep vein thrombosis and in hospital mortality in patients with traumatic injuries (2009)

In trauma patients transfused >/=5 units of RBCs, transfusion of RBCs >or= 28 days of storage may be associated with deep vein thrombosis and death from multi-organ failure.
Autonomous robotic stone stacking with online next best object target pose planning (2017)

Predominately, robotic construction is applied as prefabrication in structured indoor environments with standard building materials. Our work, on the other hand, focuses on utilizing irregular materials found on-site, such as rubble and rocks, for autonomous construction. We present a pipeline that detects randomly placed objects in a scene that are used by our next best stacking pose searching method employing gradient descent with a random initial orientation, exploiting a physics engine. This approach is validated in an experimental setup using a robotic manipulator by constructing balancing vertical stacks without mortars and adhesives. We show the results of eleven consecutive trials to form such towers autonomously using four arbitrarily in front of the robot placed rocks.
Structure-guided fragment-based drug discovery at the synchrotron: screening binding sites and correlations with hotspot mapping (2019)

Structure-guided drug discovery emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, stimulated by the three-dimensional structures of protein targets that became available, mainly through X-ray crystal structure analysis, assisted by the development of synchrotron radiation sources. Structures of known drugs or inhibitors were used to guide the development of leads. The growth of high-throughput screening during the late 1980s and the early 1990s in the pharmaceutical industry of chemical libraries of hundreds of thousands of compounds of molecular weight of approximately 500 Da was impressive but still explored only a tiny fraction of the chemical space of the predicted 10<sup>40</sup> drug-like compounds. The use of fragments with molecular weights less than 300 Da in drug discovery not only decreased the chemical space needing exploration but also increased promiscuity in binding targets. Here we discuss advances in X-ray fragment screening and the challenge of identifying sites where fragments not only bind but can be chemically elaborated while retaining their positions and binding modes. We first describe the analysis of fragment binding using conventional X-ray difference Fourier techniques, with Mycobacterium abscessus SAICAR synthetase (PurC) as an example. We observe that all fragments occupy positions predicted by computational hotspot mapping. We compare this with fragment screening at Diamond Synchrotron Light Source XChem facility using PanDDA software, which identifies many more fragment hits, only some of which bind to the predicted hotspots. Many low occupancy sites identified may not support elaboration to give adequate ligand affinity, although they will likely be useful in drug discovery as 'warm spots' for guiding elaboration of fragments bound at hotspots. We discuss implications of these observations for fragment screening at the synchrotron sources. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of synchrotron science: achievements and opportunities'.
Bright and Efficient Perovskite Light Emitting Electrochemical Cells Leveraging Ionic Additives (2019)

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have drawn considerable attention for their favorable optoelectronic properties. Perovskite light-emitting electrochemical cells (PeLECs) _ devices that utilize mobile ions _ have recently been reported but have yet to reach the performance of the best PeLEDs. We leveraged a poly(ethylene oxide) electrolyte and lithium dopant in CsPbBr3 thin films to produce PeLECs of improved brightness and efficiency. In particular, we found that a single layer PeLEC from CsPbBr3:PEO:LiPF6 with 0.5% wt. LiPF6 produced highly efficient (22 cd/A) and bright (~15000 cd/m2) electroluminescence. To understand this improved performance among PeLECs, we characterized these perovskite thin films with photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These studies revealed that this optimal LiPF6 concentration improves electrical double layer formation, reduces the occurrence of voids, charge traps, and pinholes, and increases grain size and packing density.
Effect of the Chemical Composition on the Peak and Steady Stresses of Plain Carbon and Microalloyed Steels Deformed under Hot Working Conditions (1998)

Two different behaviours are classically observed during the high temperature deformation of metals: i) power law creep and ii) exponential law creep. The first is observed at relatively low stresses and is considered as a deformation process controlled by diffusion. At higher stresses the above behaviour is converted into an exponential one, i.e. the power law breaks down. Both phenomena can be described by a single expression of the form: e = A(sinhασ) n .exp(-Q/RT) Here the parameters A, n, α and Q depend on the material being considered, and are usually referred to as apparent values because no account is generally taken of the internal microstructural state. In the particular case of microalloyed steels, a broad range of values have been reported in the literature for the latter constants, and clear trends have not always been evident. In recent work, it has been shown that the high temperature behaviour of medium carbon microalloyed steels can be accurately described by the classical hyperbolic sine relation provided the stresses are normalised by Young's modulus E(T) and the strain rates by the self-diffusion coefficient D(T). According to this formulation, only two parameters need to be determined to characterise the hot flow behaviour: A and α (n can be set equal to 5 for carbon steels). In the present work, the latter expression is extended to plain carbon and low carbon microalloyed steels, and applied to the peak and steady stresses of the flow curve. To attain this goal, experimental results corresponding to several different steels reported by many authors are employed. The effect of chemical composition on the above constants is derived statistically.
LCS Graph Kernel Based on Wasserstein Distance in Longest Common Subsequence Metric Space (2020)

For graph learning tasks, many existing methods utilize a message-passing mechanism where vertex features are updated iteratively by aggregation of neighbor information. This strategy provides an efficient means for graph features extraction, but obtained features after many iterations might contain too much information from other vertices, and tend to be similar to each other. This makes their representations less expressive. Learning graphs using paths, on the other hand, can be less adversely affected by this problem because it does not involve all vertex neighbors. However, most of them can only compare paths with the same length, which might engender information loss. To resolve this difficulty, we propose a new Graph Kernel based on a Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) similarity. Moreover, we found that the widely-used R-convolution framework is unsuitable for path-based Graph Kernel because a huge number of comparisons between dissimilar paths might deteriorate graph distances calculation. Therefore, we propose a novel metric space by exploiting the proposed LCS-based similarity, and compute a new Wasserstein-based graph distance in this metric space, which emphasizes more the comparison between similar paths. Furthermore, to reduce the computational cost, we propose an adjacent point merging operation to sparsify point clouds in the metric space.
Experimental extraction of substrate-noise coupling between MOSFETs and its compact modeling for circuit simulation (2012)

We have developed test structures to experimentally extract the substrate-noise coupling characteristics between MOSFETs. It was found that the noise propagation from the aggressor to the victim can be described on the basis of the small-signal properties observed at the substrate node of the aggressor. Based on the finding an equivalent circuit was developed to predict the propagated noise intensity induced during circuit operation. The resulting prediction was verified to be in good agreement with the measured results.
A Rare Acid-Promoted Elimination of <i>O</i>-Methyl Oximes:  A Practical Synthesis of 3-Cyano-4-benzopyrones (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Rare Acid-Promoted Elimination of O-Methyl Oximes: A Practical Synthesis of 3-Cyano-4-benzopyronesRichard P. Hsung, Craig A. Zificsak, Lin-Li Wei, Luke R. Zehnder, Francis Park, Michelle Kim, and Thuy-Trang T. TranView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 23, 8736–8740Publication Date (Web):October 22, 1999Publication History Received28 June 1999Published online22 October 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo991031jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo991031jbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views547Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Aromatic compounds,Molecular structure,Nitrogen compounds,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Zirconocene-Mediated Synthesis of Cyclobutabenzenes (2008)

A new, mild, one-pot method for the synthesis of cyclobutabenzenes by the zirconium-promoted cross-coupling reaction of aryllithium compounds and alkenyl bromides is reported. Formation of an arynezirconocene complex and its regioselective coupling with an alkenyl bromide are the key steps of the process. This method allows the regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclobutabenzene derivatives from simple and easily available starting materials.
Integrated Information Displays for ICU Nurses: Field Observations, Display Design, and Display Evaluation (2010)

Preventable adverse events are one of the leading causes of patient mortality in hospitals. Many of these adverse events occur in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) where nurses often work under cognitive, perceptual, and physical overloads. One contributing factor to these overloads is the display of treatment orders, monitoring information, and equipment status on numerous, spatially separated information displays. If these separate displays were combined into a single integrated display at the bedside, the display could potentially reduce nursing workload and improve nurse awareness of the patients' treatment plans and physiological status. We performed a study with three parts. First, we observed ICU nurses at work and found that task-relevant information was often presented in a sub-optimal format, it was unavailable at the point of care and/or it was laborious to retrieve. Second, we designed an integrated information display that presents the information needed by nurses at the patient bedside in a more optimal format. Finally, we evaluated paper-based prototypes of both the integrated display and existing ICU displays with pilot participants. The results for participants in a pilot study showed that nurses using the integrated display could answer questions about the patient's status and treatment significantly faster and more accurately. Integrated displays could potentially reduce adverse events in ICUs and reduce cognitive overloads.
Contrast-to-Noise-Ratio Measurements in Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Angiography (1993)

In general, such CNR measurements allow the investigation of the mechanism of signal loss and general technique optimization in MRA.
RoF signal distribution with multi-mode-fiber for cascaded IFoF-based C-RAN Mobile Fronthaul (2020)

We evaluate and demonstrate radio over fiber (RoF) signal distribution, which employs cost efficient analog radio over multi-mode fiber (A-RoMMF) sub-system with directly modulated single mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and multi-mode VCSEL, for cascaded intermediate-frequency-over fiber (IFoF) based centralized radio access network (C-RAN) mobile fronthaul of 28 GHz band.
Development and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties for Kenaf Fibers/PLA Composites (2007)

A new type of composite used biodegradable resins and natural fibers is now being developed and this new type of composites is designated as a green composite. This paper presents a fabrication method and mechanical properties of the green composite used Kenaf fibers as the reinforcement and PLA as the matrix. In order to obtain the higher tensile strength, various kind of surface treatments were executed on the Kenaf fiber and some parameters were changed during the process of fabrication. Then, these effects on the strength of green composite are also reported.
Integration of Human Papillomavirus Genomes in Head and Neck Cancer: Is It Time to Consider a Paradigm Shift? (2017)

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are detected in 70-80% of oropharyngeal cancers in the developed world, the incidence of which has reached epidemic proportions. The current paradigm regarding the status of the viral genome in these cancers is that there are three situations: one where the viral genome remains episomal, one where the viral genome integrates into the host genome and a third where there is a mixture of both integrated and episomal HPV genomes. Our recent work suggests that this third category has been mischaracterized as having integrated HPV genomes; evidence indicates that this category consists of virus-human hybrid episomes. Most of these hybrid episomes are consistent with being maintained by replication from HPV origin. We discuss our evidence to support this new paradigm, how such genomes can arise, and more importantly the implications for the clinical management of HPV positive head and neck cancers following accurate determination of the viral genome status.
Observation of a Topological Relaxation Mode in Microemulsions (2001)

We report the observation of two diffusive relaxation modes in a very swollen microemulsion, measured by quasielastic light scattering experiments. In addition to a short-time diffusion process, we observe a long-time diffusive relaxation mode with unusual scaling behavior: the diffusion constant D is an exponential function of the characteristic length scale xi, D~exp(-xi). This observation provides experimental evidence for thermally activated topological relaxation of random fluid phases, as predicted by Milner et al. [J. Phys. (Paris) 51, 2629 (1990)]. We describe the activation energy of such a process by some simple microscopic model for the surfactant layer and give an estimation of the membrane elastic and Gaussian moduli kappa and kappa;, and its spontaneous curvature.
Supplementary Figures from Activation of the PD-1 Pathway Contributes to Immune Escape in EGFR-Driven Lung Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;- PDF file 2020K, Supplementary figures 1-11. For the mouse experiments tumor bearing lungs were classified as mildly sick and severely sick based on the tumor burden as determined by right lung lobe weights. Oncogene induced immunosuppressive environment manifested as compromised T cell function, elevation in the levels of tumor promoting cytokines, and changes in lung hematopoietic population was observed in the mildy sick mice in addition to the severely sick EGFR mutant mice. Anti PD-1 antibody treatment did not show efficacy in the Kras driven tumors despite the expression of the PD-1 ligand&lt;/p&gt;
Visualizing and Evaluating High-Dimensional Mappings of Sets of High Performance Designs (2019)

Abstract Design space exploration can reveal the underlying structure of design problems. In a set-based approach, for example, exploration can map sets of designs or regions of the design space that meet specific performance requirements. For some problems, promising designs may cluster in multiple regions of the input design space, and the boundaries of those clusters may be irregularly shaped and difficult to predict. Visualizing the promising regions can clarify the design space structure, but design spaces are typically high-dimensional, making it difficult to visualize the space in three dimensions. To convey the structure of such high-dimensional design regions, a two-stage approach is proposed to (1) identify and (2) visualize each distinct cluster or region of interest in the input design space. This paper focuses on the visualization stage of the approach. Rather than select a singular technique to map high-dimensional design spaces to low-dimensional, visualizable spaces, a selection procedure is investigated. Metrics are available for comparing different visualizations, but the current metrics either overestimate the quality or favor selection of certain visualizations. Therefore, this work introduces and validates a more objective metric, termed preservation, to compare the quality of alternative visualization strategies. Furthermore, a new visualization technique previously unexplored in the design automation community, t-Distributed Neighbor Embedding, is introduced and compared to other visualization strategies. Finally, the new metric and visualization technique are integrated into a two-stage visualization strategy to identify and visualize clusters of high-performance designs for a high-dimensional negative stiffness metamaterials design problem.