gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Hybrid Fastening System with Nano-additive Reinforced Adhesive Inserts (2014)

Structural joining of materials and components involves complex phenomena and interactions between several elements of either similar or dissimilar materials. This complex behavior, coupled with the need for lightweight structures and safety (human occupants in aerospace, automotive and ground vehicles), propels the need for better understanding and efficient design. A novel joining technique that incorporates the advantages of both bonded (lightweight) and bolted (easy disassembly) techniques was invented (Provisional Patent 61/658,163) by Dr. Gary Cloud at Michigan State University. The most basic configuration of this invention consists of a bolt that has a channel machined through the bolt-shaft that allows injection of an insert compound that fills the hole-clearance of the work-pieces and acts a structural component. The hole may contain additional sleeves or inserts. Several combinations of the proposed technique are possible, and in particular, the effect of the adhesive inserts, with and without nano-modification was studied in this work. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composite plates were used as adherends with 12.5 mm holes, grade 8 bolts and preloaded to a torque of 35 N m. Pristine and Cloisite® 30B nanoclay reinforced SC-15 epoxy were used as adhesive inserts in the hybrid bolts. Tension lap-shear tests were performed on conventional (no-inserts) and hybrid bolted joints (inserts: adhesives + nanoclay), and their performance was compared. Results reveal that hybrid bolted joints can eliminate joint slip and considerably delay the onset of delamination. The addition of nanoclay increases the strengths but most importantly can prevent moisture from reaching the bolts shaft due to its excellent barrier properties. The proposed joining technique holds great promise for multi-material joining and a wide range of applications.
58.3: Recent Progress in Interference‐filter‐based Stereoscopic 3D LCD (2010)

Abstract A novel stereo 3D LCD for passive interference filter glasses is presented. A demonstrator based on a standard 120Hz LCD was set up. Stereoscopic image separation was realized in a time‐ sequential mode using a LED‐based scanning backlight with two complementary spectra. A stereo brightness of 10 cd/m 2 and a channel separation of 30:1 were achieved.
Image Analysis: The New Bottleneck in Plant Phenotyping [Applications Corner] (2015)

Plant phenotyping is the identification of effects on the phenotype (i.e., the plant appearance and performance) as a result of genotype differences (i.e., differences in the genetic code) and the environmental conditions to which a plant has been exposed [1]?[3]. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, large-scale experiments in plant phenotyping are a key factor in meeting the agricultural needs of the future to feed the world and provide biomass for energy, while using less water, land, and fertilizer under a constantly evolving environment due to climate change. Working on model plants (such as Arabidopsis), combined with remarkable advances in genotyping, has revolutionized our understanding of biology but has accelerated the need for precision and automation in phenotyping, favoring approaches that provide quantifiable phenotypic information that could be better used to link and find associations in the genotype [4]. While early on, the collection of phenotypes was manual, currently noninvasive, imaging-based methods are increasingly being utilized [5], [6]. However, the rate at which phenotypes are extracted in the field or in the lab is not matching the speed of genotyping and is creating a bottleneck [1].
Intra-tumoral delivery of CXCL11 via a vaccinia virus, but not by modified T cells, enhances the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy and vaccines (2017)

T cell trafficking into tumors depends on a "match" between chemokine receptors on effector cells (e.g., CXCR3 and CCR5) and tumor-secreted chemokines. There is often a chemokine/chemokine receptor "mismatch", with tumors producing minute amounts of chemokines, resulting in inefficient targeting of effectors to tumors. We aimed to alter tumors to produce higher levels of CXCL11, a CXCR3 ligand, to attract more effector cells following immunotherapy. Mice bearing established subcutaneous tumors were studied. In our first approach, we used modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transduced human T cells to deliver CXCL11 (CAR/CXCL11) into tumors. In our second approach, we intravenously (iv) administered a modified oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) engineered to produce CXCL11 (VV.CXCL11). The effect of these treatments on T cell trafficking into the tumors and anti-tumor efficacy after subsequent CAR T cell injections or anti-tumor vaccines was determined. CAR/CXCL11 and VV.CXCL11 significantly increased CXCL11 protein levels within tumors. For CAR/CXCL11, injection of a subsequent dose of CAR T cells did not result in increased intra-tumoral trafficking, and appeared to decrease the function of the injected CAR T cells. In contrast, VV.CXCL11 increased the number of total and antigen-specific T cells within tumors after CAR T cell injection or vaccination and significantly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. Both approaches were successful in increasing CXCL11 levels within the tumors; however, only the vaccinia approach was successful in recruiting T cells and augmenting anti-tumor efficacy. VV.CXCL11 should be considered as a potential approach to augment adoptive T cell transfer or vaccine immunotherapy.
Blends of Polybutadiene with Different Vinyl Contents and Polystyrene Studied with Small-Angle Neutron Scattering in Varying Temperature and Pressure Fields (2001)

Blends of polybutadiene with three different vinyl contents and polystyrene were studied by small-angle neutron scattering as a function of temperature and pressure. The data were analyzed with a crossover function combining the universality classes of the 3D-Ising and the mean field behavior and thus yield the spinodal temperature TS, the Ginzburg number Gi, and the critical amplitude CMF. From these parameters the mean field Flory−Huggins interaction parameter is calculated in terms of entropic and enthalpic contributions. The application of the theory of random copolymers delivers large enthalpic and entropic contributions of the intramolecular interaction between the 1,2- and 1,4-butadiene units. These numbers could not be confirmed from measurements of the corresponding intermolecular interaction contributions in an h-PB(1,2)/d-PB(1,4) blend, which thus leads to speculations about the equivalence of inter- and intramolecular interactions in random copolymers. The Ginzburg number proved to be specific to the vinyl content and thus deviated from the universal behavior Gi ∝ V-1 predicted by deGennes. By our pressure experiments we find that the Clausius−Clapeyron equation suggests the phase boundary to be influenced by the Flory−Huggins parameter and the Ginzburg number.
Preparation and Antibacterial Activity of Some New 4-(2-Heterylidenehydrazinyl)-7-chloroquinoline Derivatives (2018)

N -(4-Substituted phenyl)acetamides, which were prepared from acetic anhydride and p- substituted anilines, were utilized as precursors for reactions to Vilsmeier-Haack reagent to form 6-substituted-2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes 3a–c . Meanwhile, a similar reagent was applied to 1-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>1-(4-substituted phenyl)ethylidene<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>-2-phenylhydrazines as substrates, which were synthesized from phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and p -substituted acetophenones, and 1,3-diarylpyrazole-4-carbaldehydes 3d–f were observed as a result. Reactions between the aldehydes 3a–f and 7-chloro-4-hydrazinylquinoline 2 , obtained from reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline 1 and hydrazine hydrate, formed six new hydrazone compounds, namely, 4-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mo stretchy="false">{</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn></mml:math>-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>(6-substituted-2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylidene]hydraziny<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">}</mml:mo></mml:math>-7-chloroquinolines 4a–c and 4-(2-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mo stretchy="false">{</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">3</mml:mn></mml:math>-(4-substituted phenyl)-1-phenyl-1 H -pyrazol-4-yl]methylen<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">}</mml:mo></mml:math>hydrazinyl)-7-chloroquinolines 4d–f . The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were elucidated by the analysis of IR, 1 H, 13 C-NMR, and HRMS spectral data. Additionally, all of the synthesized hydrazones were evaluated in terms of cytotoxic activity against four strains of bacteria and four strains of fungus at several concentrations of substrates. As a result, three of them, 4a–c , possess the good ability as growth inhibitor of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger at the concentration of 25 μ g/mL and 50 μ g/mL, respectively, while compound 4e only shows a cytotoxic activity against Aspergillus niger at the concentration of 25 μ g/mL.
Shannon Entropy as Background Dynamics Estimator In Foreground Detector Algorithms (2018)

Foreground segmentation algorithms are sometimes provided with feedback mechanisms to deal with complex scenarios such as dynamic backgrounds. This is accomplished with background dynamic estimators in the case of foreground detectors based on non-parametric models with a historical record of the background. This work introduces the Shannon entropy as a new background dynamics estimator. The paper shows that this approach leads to better figures of merit than those provided by the original background dynamics estimators in state-of-the-art algorithms such as PBAS and SuBSENSE for complex scenarios as dynamic backgrounds or camera jitter in the database ChangeDetection. Also, the Shannon entropy permits to decrease the number of samples in the background model, cutting memory usage, and thus making implementations on embedded devices easier.
Research of Possibilities of Energy Transformation Using an Autovibrating System, Excited by Small Outer Excitement (2006)

There are lots of sources of disturbance in people’s surrounding environment - e.g. wind, sea, river flow, and intensive acoustic noise. These sources can cause auto vibrations of particular dynamic systems. Such phenomenon could be used for converting mechanical vibration energy to electrical energy. Solving this problem is topical because it could help to create autonomic sources of renewable energy. Dynamic model, described by a presumptive differential motion equation, of auto vibrating system, affected by airflow is made and inspected. Possible modes of vibrations and different states of nonlinear auto vibrating system are analyzed using methods of Newmark and Runge-Kutta. Auto vibration existence zones of the system are designated. Reliance on the existence of poly-solutions, stability or chaotic solutions of vibrating system is estimated. Consistencies of using electro dynamical principle of converting mechanical vibration energy to electric energy are inspected.
[Malunited juvenile fractures in the foot region]. (1991)

Between 1971 and 1990 we treated 121 juvenile patients up to 14 years of age with fractures of the ankle joint and foot in the department of trauma surgery at Hannover Medical School. A total of 128 fractures were treated in these patients, excluding toe fractures. The distribution of fractures as referred to the anatomical-functional planes was as follows: Tibia-talar joint 69; talus 8; calcaneus 6; Chopart joint 5; Lisfranc joint 4 and metatarsal area 36. Clinical and radiological follow-up investigations were possible a mean of 8.7 years post trauma for all talar and calcaneal fractures, for 7 out of 9 Chopart/Lisfranc injuries and for 7 out of 35 of metatarsal fractures. In the case of talus fractures our results suggest that it is to restore the original length of the talus bone (medial column); this is important to prevent collapse of the longitudinal arch with subsequent early arthritis. The rare cases of sustained intraarticular damage to calcaneal fractures should be treated as in adults, i.e. by open, anatomical reconstruction. In children, Chopart/Lisfranc 2 fracture dislocations only occur if high-energy trauma is present (runover trauma in 4 out of 9 cases). Optimal treatment again is comparable to that in adults: open, anatomical reduction with Kirschner-wires followed by temporary, tibio-tarsal transfixation; this is important since no compensatory mechanisms develop if a subluxation is present after reduction. Metatarsal fractures often occur along the first and fifth rays and have a good prognosis. Conservative treatment is justified, since, according to our results, even in intraarticular fractures of the metatarsal head good remodeling to fragments occurs.
Fractional-order models of supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells: a survey (2015)

This paper surveys fractional-order electric circuit models that have been reported in the literature to best fit experimentally collected impedance data from energy storage and generation elements, including super-capacitors, batteries, and fuel cells. In all surveyed models, the employment of fractional-order capacitors, also known as constant phase elements, is imperative not only to the accuracy of the model but to reflect the physical electrochemical properties of the device.
Searching for Recursively Defined Generic Chemical Patterns in Nonenumerated Fragment Spaces (2013)

Retrieving molecules with specific structural features is a fundamental requirement of today's molecular database technologies. Estimates claim the chemical space relevant for drug discovery to be around 10⁶⁰ molecules. This figure is many orders of magnitude larger than the amount of molecules conventional databases retain today and will store in the future. An elegant description of such a large chemical space is provided by the concept of fragment spaces. A fragment space comprises fragments that are molecules with open valences and describes rules how to connect these fragments to products. Due to the combinatorial nature of fragment spaces, a complete enumeration of its products is intractable. We present an algorithm to search fragment spaces for generic chemical patterns as present in the SMARTS chemical pattern language. Our method allows specification of the chemical surrounding of an atom in a query and, therefore, enables a chemically intuitive search. During the search, the costly enumeration of products is avoided. The result is a fragment space that exactly describes all possible molecules that contain the user-defined pattern. We evaluated the algorithm in three different drug development use-cases and performed a large scale statistical analysis with 738 SMARTS patterns on three public available fragment spaces. Our results show the ability of the algorithm to explore the chemical space around known active molecules, to analyze fragment spaces for the presence of likely toxic molecules, and to identify complex macromolecular structures under additional structural constraints. By searching the fragment space in its nonenumerated form, spaces covering up to 10¹⁹ molecules can be examined in times ranging between 47 s and 19 min depending on the complexity of the query pattern.
Débordement, transfert interpersonnel et les perceptions des mères et pères de leur relation coparentale (2020)

Cette étude examine la présence de débordement, de transfert interpersonnel et de différences de genre dans la perception de la qualité des relations coparentales (PQRC) de parents d’un jeune enfant. Les données sont issues d’un projet mené auprès de 54 couples dont le premier enfant avait 19 mois. À la maison et lors d’une visite en laboratoire, chacun des conjoints a rempli des questionnaires autorapportés incluant des mesures sociodémographiques, du niveau de difficulté de l’enfant, de leur bien-être subjectif, de leur stress perçu, de leurs conflits et satisfaction conjugale et de leur PQRC. Le bien-être subjectif et la satisfaction conjugale des pères, de même que le stress perçu et le conflit conjugal rapporté par les mères corrèlent significativement avec leur PQRC, appuyant l’hypothèse de débordement. De plus, le stress perçu et la satisfaction conjugale des pères corrèlent significativement avec la PQRC des mères, appuyant l’hypothèse de transfert interpersonnel. Les résultats n’appuient pas cette hypothèse pour les pères et ne révèlent aucune différence de genre significative. Cette étude soutient la nécessité de prendre en compte les perspectives et expériences distinctes des pères et des mères afin de comprendre leur relation coparentale ou intervenir auprès du couple coparental.
Tethys: The Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology Environmental Impacts Knowledge Management System -- Requirements Specification -- Version 1.0 (2010)

The marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) environmental impacts knowledge management system (KMS), dubbed Tethys after the mythical Greek goddess of the seas, is being developed for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program (WHTP) by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). This requirements specification establishes the essential capabilities required of Tethys and clarifies for WHTP and the Tethys development team the results that must be achieved by the system.
Optimal operator deployment and replication for elastic distributed data stream processing (2017)

Summary Processing data in a timely manner, data stream processing (DSP) applications are receiving an increasing interest for building new pervasive services. Due to the unpredictability of data sources, these applications often operate in dynamic environments; therefore, they require the ability to elastically scale in response to workload variations. In this paper, we deal with a key problem for the effective runtime management of a DSP application in geo‐distributed environments: We investigate the placement and replication decisions while considering the application and resource heterogeneity and the migration overhead, so to select the optimal adaptation strategy that can minimize migration costs while satisfying the application quality of service (QoS) requirements. We present elastic DSP replication and placement (EDRP), a unified framework for the QoS‐aware initial deployment and runtime elasticity management of DSP applications. In EDRP, the deployment and runtime decisions are driven by the solution of a suitable integer linear programming problem, whose objective function captures the relative importance between QoS goals and reconfiguration costs. We also present the implementation of EDRP and the related mechanisms on Apache Storm. We conduct a thorough experimental evaluation, both numerical and prototype‐based, that shows the benefits achieved by EDRP on the application performance.
Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and Peripheral Nerve Function in Type 1 Diabetes* (2000)

Autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy. We studied the association between glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and islet cell (IA-2) autoantibodies as well as autoantibodies to the autonomic nervous system and peripheral nerve function in recent onset type 1 diabetes. Thirty-seven patients (27 females and 10 males) enrolled 2-22 months after diagnosis. Humoral factors, glycemic control, and peripheral nerve function were measured annually for 3 yr. Patients with high GAD65Ab had worse glycemic control and higher insulin requirements. Patients with high GAD65Ab had slower motor nerve conduction velocities in the median, ulnar, and peroneal nerves (P < 0.025 for each nerve). The mean motor nerve conduction velocity Z scores at the time of the third evaluation was 0.341 +/- 0.25 for the low GAD65Ab patients and -0.600 +/- 0.25 for the high GAD65Ab patients (P < 0.01). Similar differences between the low and high GAD65Ab groups were observed for F wave latencies, thermal threshold detection, and cardiovascular autonomic function. The composite peripheral nerve function Z scores in the low GAD65Ab patients were 0.62 +/- 11, 0.71 +/- 0.19, and 0.21 +/- 0.14 at the first, second, and third evaluations, significantly different from those in the high GAD65Ab patients in whom they were -0.35 +/- 0.15, -0.46 +/- 0.18, and -0.42 +/- 0.16 (P < 0.001). In summary, GAD65Ab in patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes are associated with worse glycemic control and slightly worse peripheral nerve function. Although the latter remained within normal limits and none of the patients had clinical neuropathy, the GAD65Ab-related differences in composite peripheral nerve function were highly significant (P < 0.001) and could not be attributed to GAD65Ab-related differences in glycemic control.
Resolving Differences of Opinion between Medical Experts: A Case Study with the IS-DELPHI System (2020)

Knowledge intensive clinical systems, as well as machine learning algorithms, have become more widely used over the last decade or so. These systems often need access to sizable labelled datasets which could be more useful if their instances are accurately labelled / annotated. A variety of approaches, including statistical ones, have been used to label instances. In this paper, we discuss the use of domain experts, in this case clinicians, to perform this task. Here we recognize that even highly rated domain experts can have differences of opinion on certain instances; we discuss a system inspired by the Delphi approaches which helps experts resolve their differences of opinion on classification tasks. The focus of this paper is the IS-DELPHI tool which we have implemented to address the labelling issue; we report its use in a medical domain in a study involving 12 Intensive Care Unit clinicians. The several pairs of experts initially disagreed on the classification of 11 instances but as a result of using IS-DELPHI all those disagreements were resolved. From participant feedback (questionnaires), we have concluded that the medical experts understood the task and were comfortable with the functionality provided by IS-DELPHI. We plan to further enhance the system’s capabilities and usability, and then use IS-DELPHI, which is a domain independent tool, in a number of further medical domains.