gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: HEMOPROTEIN DESTRUCTION. IRON‐NITROGEN SHIFT OF A PHENYL GROUP IN A PORPHYRIN COMPLEX (1982)

Abstract Phenylmagnesiumbromid reagiert in O 2 ‐freiem THF mit dem Komplex (I) nach Zugabe des butylierten Hydroxytoluols BHT zum Fe‐Phenylkomplex (II), der 1 H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert wird.
Attenuation Coefficient of Single-Mode Periodic Waveguides (2011)

It is widely accepted that, on ensemble average, the transmission T of guided modes decays exponentially with the waveguide length L due to small imperfections, leading to the important figure of merit defined as the attenuation-rate coefficient α=-⟨ln(T)⟩/L. In this Letter, we evidence that the exponential-damping law is not valid in general for periodic monomode waveguides, especially as the group velocity decreases. This result, that contradicts common beliefs and experimental practices aiming at measuring α, is supported by a theoretical study of light transport in the limit of very small imperfections, and by numerical results obtained for two waveguide geometries that offer contrasted damping behaviors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 3‐Coumaranone and Coumarin Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of Acetyl‐ and Butyrylcholinesterase. (2013)

Abstract The title compounds (III), (VI) exhibit inhibitory activity against both AChE and BuChE in the micromolar range.
Photon correlation spectroscopy of chromaffin granules lysis (1991)

When bovine chromaffin granules are incubated in hyperosmotic sucrose solutions and subsequently transfered back towards isoosmolarity they undergo lysis ("hyperosmotic relaxation lysis"). The structural basis for this type of lysis, and the generally encountered hypotonic lysis were studied by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and freeze-fracture electron microscopy (EM). Hyperosmotically pretreated granules showed no significant difference in size as measured by PCS compared with the control. Under the same conditions EM showed the formation of "twins" and "triplets" and intragranular vesicles of 50-200 nm in diameter.' We suggest that hyperosmotic relaxation lysis and to a certain extent the hypoosmotic one are caused by the adhesion of the intragranular vesicles to the outer membrane preventing the granule membrane from reexpanding and thus leading to its rupture.
Role of Superoxide in Catalase-Peroxidase-Mediated Isoniazid Action against Mycobacteria (1998)

ABSTRACT Isoniazid (INH) activation in vitro is associated with reduction of the mycobacterial ferric KatG catalase-peroxidase by hydrazine and reaction with O 2 to form an oxyferrous enzyme complex. Since this complex could also form directly via reaction of ferric KatG with superoxide, intracellular activation might be responsive to superoxide concentration. When Mycobacterium smegmatis carrying the M. bovis katG gene was treated with nontoxic levels of plumbagin, a generator of superoxide, the bacteriostatic activity of INH increased unless a plasmid-borne superoxide dismutase gene was also present. Thus, endogenous superoxide probably contributes to intracellular activation of INH.
Steady State Operation of a Non-linear Fabry-Perot for Oblique Incidence : Polarization and Beam Angle Dependence (1988)

The aim of the paper is to study the modification in the steady state behaviour of a bistable Fabry-Perot when the angle of incidence, the width and/or the polarization of the beam, impinging on the system is changed. It can be easily shown that, according to the ratio of beam width and spotsize, several regimes of operation should be distinguished. In the two-beam regime (large spotsize or small angle of incidence), Miller's approach (1) can be generalised, leading to strikingly different transmission and reflection characteristics of the device, according to polarization and angle of incidence (Fig. 1a, 2a). These differences originate mainly from the modulation of the feedback mechanism by the latter parameters.
NSW (National Software Works) Performance Enhancements. (1981)

Abstract : The NSW Performance Enhancements project was part of the National Software Works (NSW) program sponsored jointly by ARPA and the Air Force. The objective of the NSW program is to develop a network operating system which provides an effective environment for DoD software production. The general objectives of this project were to develop and maintain the software necessary to integrate the TENEX and TOPS-20 systems into NSW as tool bearing hosts (TBHs) and to evaluate and improve overall NSW performance. The specific tasks for this effort as enumerated in the statement of work were: 1) Implementation and Maintenance support for TOPS-20 NSW Software; 2) Implementation and maintenance support for TENEX NSW software; 3) Modifications to TOPS-20 and TENEX Operating systems to support NSW system software; 4) Installation fo selected TOPS-20 programs as NSW tools; 5) Technical support for NSW contractors; 6) NSW performance measurement and evaluation, and the design of performance improvements; 7) Extensions to capabilities of TOPS-20 NSW components; 8) Provide NSW Mail Service; and 9) Provide a system wide NSW Fault Logger. Keywords: Specifications; Performance tests.
InGaAs communication photodiodes: from low to high power level designs (2008)

While InGaAs absorption material has been used for various applications up to 1.6&mu;m wavelength, specific designs for low level detection have become of main interest using high responsivity and low dark current detectors. By adding an avalanche multiplication layer to form an avalanche photodiode (APD) using the Separated Absorption and Multiplication (SAM) structure, one can take advantage of the very low noise properties of multiplication process in large bandgap Al(Ga)(In)As material to improve receiver sensitivity by &gt;10dB. Under high power level injection, specific PIN structures have been developed to improve space charge effects as needed for power applications such as microwave analog photonic links. Specific designs to achieve simultaneously broad bandwidth, high responsivity, very high power saturation and high linearity will be discussed.
Crystallography of the Polymethylene Chain: An Inquiry into the Structure of Waxes (2005)

By considering the solid state packing of linear chain wax components, this work investigates which modifications of molecular components are allowed for maintaining stable solid solutions; what happens when stability conditions are traversed and fractionation begins; and the structure of fractionated arrays.
Hyperinsulinemia Precedes Insulin Resistance in Mice Lacking Pancreatic β-Cell Leptin Signaling (2010)

The adipocyte hormone leptin acts centrally and peripherally to regulate body weight and glucose homeostasis. The pancreatic -cell has been shown to be a key peripheral target of leptin, with leptin suppressing insulin synthesis and secretion from -cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mice with disrupted leptin signaling in -cells (lepr flox/flox RIPcre tg mice) display hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, obesity, and reduced fasting blood glucose. We hypothesized that hyperinsulinemia precedes the development of insulin resistance and increased adiposity in these mice with a defective adipoinsular axis. To determine the primary defect after impaired -cell leptin signaling, we treated lepr flox/flox RIPcre tg mice with the insulin sensitizer metformin or the insulin-lowering agent diazoxide with the rationale that pharmacological improvement of the primary defect would alleviate the secondary symptoms. We show that improving insulin sensitivity with metformin does not normalize hyperinsulinemia, whereas lowering insulin levels with diazoxide improves insulin sensitivity. Taken together, these results suggest that hyperinsulinemia precedes insulin resistance in -cell leptin receptor-deficient mice, with insulin resistance developing as a secondary consequence of excessive insulin secretion. Therefore, pancreatic -cell leptin receptor-deficient mice may represent a model of obesity-associated insulin resistance that is initiated by hyperinsulinemia.
QSAR Multi-Target in Drug Discovery: A Review (2014)

The main purpose of the present review is to summarize the most significant works up to date in the field of multi-target QSAR (mt-QSAR), in order to emphasize the importance that this technique has acquired over the last decade. Unlike traditional QSAR techniques, mt-QSAR permits to calculate the probability of activity of a given compound against different biological or pharmacological targets. In simple terms, a single equation for multiple outputs. To emphasize more the importance of the mt-QSAR in the field of drug discovery, we also present a novel mt-QSAR model, made on purpose by our research group, for the prediction of the susceptibility of Gram + and Gram - anaerobic bacteria.
Useful halophilic, thermostable and ionic liquids tolerant cellulases (2023)

The present invention provides for an isolated or recombinant polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity with the amino acid sequence of a Halorhabdus utahensis cellulase, such as Hu-CBH1, wherein said amino acid sequence has a halophilic thermostable and/or thermophilic cellobiohydrolase (CBH) activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has a CBH activity that is resistant to up to about 20% of ionic liquids. The present invention also provides for compositions comprising and methods using the isolated or recombinant polypeptide.
Fluorescent detection of RNA using a base excision reporter (2022)

A fluorescent probe originally designed for the detection of abasic sites and monitoring of DNA repair has been successfully used in the detection of RNA. The strategy employs deoxyuridine in a DNA probe complementary to the target RNA; the RNA/DNA hybrid was found to be a substrate for uracil‐DNA glycosylase. After excision of uracil, rapid oxime formation between the hydroxylamine probe and the abasic site leads to a ~10‐fold increase in fluorescence in the presence of the target RNA. Additional signal can be gained by incorporating multiple deoxyuridine nucleotides through reverse transcription. Reverse transcription, base excision, and probe incorporation can be carried out concurrently in a single vessel.
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and immunogenic rationale for optimal dosing of pegvaliase, a PEGylated bacterial enzyme, in adult patients with phenylketonuria (2021)

Phenylketonuria (PKU), a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, leads to toxic levels of phenylalanine (Phe) in the blood and brain. Pegvaliase (recombinant Anabaena variabilis phenylalanine ammonia lyase conjugated with polyethylene glycol) is approved to manage PKU in patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years in the United States and in patients aged greater than or equal to 16 years in the European Union. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and immunogenicity results from five open-label pegvaliase trials were assessed. Studies with induction/titration/maintenance (I/T/M) dosing regimens demonstrated pharmacokinetic stabilization and sustained efficacy associated with maintenance doses (20, 40, or 60 mg/day). Immune-mediated pegvaliase clearance was high during induction/titration phases when the early immune response was peaking. The combination of low drug dosage and high drug clearance led to low drug exposure and minimal decreases in blood Phe levels during induction/titration. Higher drug exposure and substantial reductions in blood Phe levels were observed later in treatment as drug clearance was reduced due to the maturation of the immune response, which allowed for increased dosing to target levels. The incidence of hypersensitivity reactions was temporally associated with the peaking of the early antidrug immune response and decreased with time as immune response matured after the first 6 months of treatment. These results support an I/T/M dosing regimen and suggest a strategy for administration of other nonhuman biologics to achieve efficacy and improve tolerability.
Connecticut Permanent Long-Term Bridge Monitoring Network Volume 1: Monitoring of Post-Tensioned Segmental Concrete Box-Girder Bridge – I-95 over the Connecticut River in Old Saybrook (Bridge #6200) (2014)

" ... conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration"--Technical report documentation page.; "August 14, 2014."; "Report Number CT-2256-2-13-2."; "SPR 2256.".; Includes bibliographical references (pages 30-32).; Final;
&lt;title&gt;8-Tb/s ATM interconnection through optical WDM networks&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

We propose a novel scheme for interconnection of multiple high-speed (2.5/10 Gb/s) ATM streams through an optical WDM network, with a total network capacity of up to 8 Tb/s. The proposed architecture is based on placing the optical WDM portion of the network in a physically small area, i.e., one central office, or in a single rack. This helps to avoid technological obstacles such as power budget, dispersion, and synchronization limitations, and optical output buffering. The interconnection is an ATM packet switched network, and provides optical contention resolution. We show that the implementation of such a network is possible using currently available optoelectronic technology. Simulation results are presented, indicating network throughput of up to 100%.
Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management (2017)

Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. The 3D layer was further coated with collagen I isolated from Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales to improve biofunctionality. Surface coating with collagen I resulted in bundling the fibers together, thereby increasing their average diameter to 2.80 μm and decreasing pore size to ∼45 μm. The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers thereby facilitates compartmentalization and prevents initial cellular transmigration. The scaffold also assists in extracellular matrix protein synthesis and keratinocyte stratification in vitro. Further, the scaffold effectively integrates and attaches with third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models and accelerates healing in comparison to standard Tegaderm dressing™. The bilayer scaffold is thus a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute.
Biovel Deliverable Report D2.1: State-Of-The-Art &amp; Trends Review On Biospheric Carbon Sequestration, Ecosystem Functioning And Valuation, And Invasive Species Management (2012)

This report reviews the state-of-the-art and research trends for each the three science areas selected for the BioVeL project. The three science areas are: a) biospheric carbon sequestration; b) ecosystem functioning and valuation; and c) invasive species management. For each science area the report addresses: i) the science-policy context; ii) the main scientific questions being addressed in the area; iii) the most relevant research groups, networks and projects; iv) the existing models and methods; v) data source requirements; vi) the typical and most challenging workflows; and vii) web service requirements.<br> The report concludes that the needs of biodiversity and ecology sciences for new leading-edge integrative IT tools are growing rapidly, while existing, reliable and open web services and workflow management services to fulfill these needs are still scarce. The planned and on-going developments of the BioVeL project, demonstrating the success of the virtual laboratory approach will go a long way towards meeting this need, and will open new perspectives for biodiversity analysis. However several gaps will remain unbridged and there are some constraints as well.
Metering Graphical Data Leakage with Snowman (2020)

A long-standing technique to interfere with theft of sensitive data by its intended users is permitting these insiders only remote access to the data via a thin client. Even allowing only remote access is inadequate, however, to counter an insider willing to reconstruct the data from the graphical output, in the limit by photographing the data on-screen and applying automatic character recognition to these photographs offline. In this paper we propose and evaluate a system, called Snowman, that accurately monitors the amount of sensitive data output to a client. To conduct this monitoring without slowing the interactive user session, leakage is concurrently tracked in a replica of the application execution. This, in turn, introduces a key technical challenge that Snowman solves, namely identically replicating execution of an unmodified Linux binary while also performing efficient multi-label taint-tracking on it. We show through empirical measurements with a word processor, a spreadsheet program, and a code editor that Snowman induces little overhead on interactive user sessions and easily differentiates data-access patterns induced by normal usage and sufficiently aggressive data theft with reasonable responsiveness.
Imaging Isomers on a Biological Surface: A Review (2019)

Mass spectrometry imaging is an imaging technology that allows the localization and identification of molecules on (biological) sample surfaces. Obtaining the localization of a compound in tissue is of great value in biological research. Yet, the identification of compounds remains a challenge. Mass spectrometry alone, even with high-mass resolution, cannot always distinguish between the subtle structural differences of isomeric compounds. This review discusses recent advances in mass spectrometry imaging of lipids, steroid hormones, amino acids and proteins that allow imaging with isomeric resolution. These improvements in detailed identification can give new insights into the local biological activity of isomers.
Super-fine inkjet process for alignment-free integration of non-transparent structures into 3D-printed micro-optics (2019)

The performance of microlenses fabricated via femtosecond direct laser writing is insuperably limited with regards to image contrast within its all-transparent material system. Our proposed super-fine inkjet process for the realization of apertures and non-transparent hulls both shields stray light and adds additional optical design parameters, namely diameter, shape, and position of the aperture. A micropinhole camera, a high-contrast imaging microlens, and a telecentric system are demonstrated. Our method is most suitable for 3D-printed micro-optics due to its one-step integration and auto-adjustment of the aperture position and can be useful for highly precise integration of functional materials beyond mere non-transparency.
On optimal placements of processors in tori networks (2002)

Two and three dimensional k-tori are among the most used topologies in the designs of new parallel computers. Traditionally (with the exception of the Tera parallel computer), these networks have been used as fully-populated networks, in the sense that every routing node in the topology is subjected to message injection. However, fully populated tori and meshes exhibit a theoretical throughput which degrades as the network size increases. In contrast, multistage networks (that are partially populated) scale well with the network size. Introducing slackness in fully populated tori, i.e., reducing the number of processors, and studying optimal routing strategies for the resulting interconnections are the central subjects of the paper. The key concept is the placement of the processors in a network together with a routing algorithm between them, where a placement is the subset of the nodes in the interconnection network that are attached to processors. The main contribution is the construction of optimal placements for d-dimensional k-tori networks, of sizes k and k/sup 2/ and the corresponding routing algorithms for the cases d=2 and d=3, respectively.
Use of a frameless LNG-IUS as conservative treatment for a pre-malignant uterine polyp in a premenopausal woman - a case report. (2015)

Prevention of progression to invasive carcinoma in patients with a premalignant endometrial lesion using longterm treatment with levonorgestrel (LNG) releasing intrauterine systems (IUS) remains controversial, especially when manifest cellular atypia has been found in the endometrial biopsy specimen. We present a case of a 44-year old premenopausal woman with a premalignant uterine polyp who declined hysterectomy and was followed-up for more than 12 years after the first LNG-IUS was inserted. Endometrial atrophy installed, no pathology was detected and hysterectomy was thereby successfully avoided. The positive experience in this case should encourage further studies as literature data indicate that conservative treatment of premalignant endometrial pathology is a real option with a high success rate for women who have a contra-indication for surgery, refuse the classical approach for personal reasons or want to preserve their fertility.
Satisfactory Outcome for a Challenging Case of Infected Native Pelvic Discontinuity with Significant Bone Loss (2021)

Using a Mexican hat spacer is a good option when there is a massive bone loss medially. Custom-made triflanged cup showed to be a viable treatment modality for infected pelvic discontinuity despite the cost of the implant.
When steroids are not enough in immune-related hepatitis: current clinical challenges discussed on the basis of a case report (2020)

Unleashing adaptive immunity via immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) in many cancer types led to durable antitumor responses and prolonged survivals and also added some new immune-related adverse events (irAEs) to the 'old-fashioned' safety profile of chemotherapy. Among bowel and endocrine irAEs, immune-mediated hepatotoxicity/hepatitis is a less common and far less well-studied toxicity, which, however, could develop into a serious complication, especially when it becomes persistent or refractory to steroids. Its incidence, onset and severity vary widely, depending on the type of underlying treated cancer, the class, the dosage and the duration of immunotherapy as well as the way of its administration (as a single agent or in combination with other ICPI or chemotherapy). In this study, we present a patient with metastatic melanoma who developed severe steroid-resistant ir-hepatitis after treatment with ipilimumab and required triple concurrent immunosuppression with prednisolone, mycofenolate mofetil and tacrolimus in order for his liver toxicity to be resolved. Intrigued by this case, we focused further on melanoma, as the disease-paradigm of immunotherapy in cancer, reviewed the reported incidence of hepatotoxicity among phase III ICPIs-containing trials on melanoma and discussed the main clinical considerations regarding the diagnosis and the management of persistent/steroid-refractory ir-hepatitis. As more clinical experience is gradually gained on this challenging topic, better answers are provided to questions about the appropriate diagnostic workup, the necessity of liver biopsy, the available immunosuppressive options beyond corticosteroids (their combinations and/or their sequence) as well as the correct decision on withdrawing or resuming immunotherapy. Nonetheless, a thorough multidisciplinary discussion is still required to individualize the overall approach in each case after failure of steroids.