gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of 2D Numerical Methods with GPU Computing (2017)

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computing is becoming an alternate computing platform for numerical simulations. However, it is not clear which numerical scheme will provide the highest computational efficiency for different types of problems. To this end, numerical accuracies and computational work of several numerical methods are compared using a GPU computing implementation. The Correction Procedure via Reconstruction (CPR), Discontinuous Galerkin (DG), Nodal Discontinuous Galerkin (NDG), Spectral Difference (SD), and Finite Volume (FV) methods are investigated using various reconstruction orders. Both smooth and discontinuous cases are considered for two-dimensional simulations. For discontinuous problems, MUSCL schemes are employed with FV, while CPR, DG, NDG, and SD use slope limiting. The computation time to reach a set error criteria and total time to complete solutions are compared across the methods. It is shown that while FV methods can produce solutions with low computational times, they produce larger errors than high-order methods for smooth problems at the same order of accuracy. For discontinuous problems, the methods show good agreement with one another in terms of solution profiles, and the total computational times between FV, CPR, and SD are comparable.
Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding (2018)

Decomposing The Variance In Reading Comprehension To Reveal The Unique And Common Effects Of Language And Decoding - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Differentiation of cardiomyocyte. (2000)

In the recent decade, remarkable progress has been made in the field of cardiac development through the use of molecular, biological and genetic techniques. Several genes that regulate this process have been cloned, and their functions have been analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Cardiac-specific transcription factors, including Csx/Nkx-2.5, GATA4, MEF2 and dHAND/eHAND, play central roles in cardiac development. Loss-of-function of gain-of-function studies have revealed that these factors regulate heart morphogenesis and cardiac-specific gene expressions. Cardiac-specific genes, including MLC2v, cardiac alpha-actin and ANP, have specific binding sequences for transcription factors in their promoter regions and expressions of these genes are regulated by binding of transcription factors. In addition to the transcription factors, growth factors secreted from ectoderm and endoderm play important roles in induction of cardiomyocytes. Decapentaplegic and bone morphogenetic proteins, members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, induce the expression of cardiac-specific transcription factors in the precardiac mesodrem and are indispensable to cardiomyocyte differentiation. We think that understanding the genetic cascade of cardiomyocyte differentiation will open the gate for cardiomyogenesis from non-cardiac cells.
Fiber optic diffraction interferometer for testing spherical mirrors (2002)

Light emanating from the polished end of a single-mode fiber forms into a near-perfect spherical wave within a finite solid angle, which can readily be explained by diffraction theory. Utilizing the useful phenomenon, we in this paper present a fiber optic diffraction interferometer that has specially been devised for testing spherical mirrors. The interferometer adopts three optical fibers; one is for generating spherical reference wave, another is for illuminating the mirror under test and the other is for calibrating the interferometer. A special assembly of sliding prism driven by a PZT actuator provides necessary phase shifts with a high immunity to environmental disturbances. In conclusion, the proposed fiber optic diffraction interferometer enables us to achieve a measurement accuracy of an order of magnitude better than conventional testing schemes using the Fizeau interferometers of which measurement accuracy is ultimately limited by the reference surface to (lambda) /50, where &lambda; is the wavelength of the source.
Fuel-Air Mixing and Combustion in Scramjets (2002)

At flight speeds, the residence time for atmospheric air ingested into a scramjet inlet and exiting from the engine nozzle is on the order of a millisecond. Therefore, fuel injected into the air must efficiently mix within tens of microseconds and react to release its energy in the combustor. The overall combustion process should be mixing controlled to provide a stable operating environment; in reality, however, combustion in the upstream portion of the combustor, particularly at higher Mach numbers, is kinetically controlled where ignition delay times are on the same order as the fluid scale. Both mixing and combustion time scales must be considered in a detailed study of mixing and reaction in a scramjet to understand the flow processes and to ultimately achieve a successful design. Although the geometric configuration of a scramjet is relatively simple compared to a turbomachinery design, the flow physics associated with the simultaneous injection of fuel from multiple injector configurations, and the mixing and combustion of that fuel downstream of the injectors is still quite complex. For this reason, many researchers have considered the more tractable problem of a spatially developing, primarily supersonic, chemically reacting mixing layer or jet that relaxes only the complexities introduced by engine geometry. All of the difficulties introduced by the fluid mechanics, combustion chemistry, and interactions between these phenomena can be retained in the reacting mixing layer, making it an ideal problem for the detailed study of supersonic reacting flow in a scramjet. With a good understanding of the physics of the scramjet internal flowfield, the designer can then return to the actual scramjet geometry with this knowledge and apply engineering design tools that more properly account for the complex physics. This approach will guide the discussion in the remainder of this section.
Inhibition of chalkbrood spore germination in vitro (Ascosphaera aggregata: Ascosphaerales) (1982)

Published January 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis (2018)

Degenerative scoliosis is the most common form of adult scoliosis encountered in clinical practice. The prevalence of this pathology continues to increase in many developed countries as demographics shift to an older population. In contrast to adolescent scoliosis, patients with degenerative scoliosis characteristically present with pain and disability. In the absence of significant or progressive neurological deficits, nonoperative modalities should be considered as first-line treatments. Surgical treatment for degenerative scoliosis may be considered for patients who fail to sufficiently respond to nonoperative treatments, but the decision of whether to pursue surgery should include a detailed discussion of risks versus benefits since these procedures are typically substantial and are associated with relatively high rates of complications. This chapter illustrates the clinical and radiographic assessment as well as management of a typical patient presenting with symptomatic degenerative scoliosis.
Measurement and modeling of boron diffusion in Si and strained Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i> epitaxial layers during rapid thermal annealing (1993)

Boron concentration profiles in rapid thermally annealed Si and strained Si1−xGex in situ doped, epitaxial layers were measured using secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy. Comparison of the Si1−xGex samples to the Si samples after rapid thermal annealing revealed a retarded B diffusivity inside the strained Si1−xGex layers. A simple empirical expression for the B retardation, which depended linearly on the Ge concentration, was developed and incorporated into a diffusion model for dopants in heterostructures. This model accurately simulated the measured B concentration profiles over a wide range of Ge fractions (0%–10%), B peak concentrations (2×1018–3×1019cm−3), and rapid thermal annealing conditions (900–1025 °C for 20–30 s).
Pharmacokinetics and safety of ubrogepant when coadministered with calcitonin gene‒related peptide‐targeted monoclonal antibody migraine preventives in participants with migraine: A randomized phase 1b drug–drug interaction study (2021)

The PK profile of ubrogepant was not significantly changed and no safety concerns were identified when ubrogepant was coadministered with erenumab or galcanezumab.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Chlorides, Triflates, and Nonaflates to Nitroaromatics. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inter Home Agents Protocol Specification (2006)

This document provides the protocol specification of the inter Home
Agent protocol designed for both Mobile IPv6 and the NEMO Basic
Support protocol. This document describes Home Agent configurations,
message formats and Mobile Host, Mobile Router, and Home Agent
operations.
The Once and Future Hydrogen Economy (2020)

I would like to know, now that we've reached the year 2020, where is the hydrogen economy I was promised? Hydrogen fuel cell cars lurk at the mar gins of the marketplace, and several governments and corporations continue to make large bets on hydrogen's future, but as I look out the window at my battery assisted, hybrid car, I'm still left wondering "what went wrong"?
ENTERIC CORONAVIRUS‐LIKE PARTICLES IN SHEEP (1978)

Lambs Lambs from Concen-rate Lambing tration (g/kg
Fast CU size decision method for HEVC using CU split information of adjacent frames (2016)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) adopts a new technique, called quad-tree based coding for inter prediction. However, deciding the optimal depth of Coding Unit (CU), namely the basic unit of the quad-tree structure, is a very time-consuming task. This paper presents a fast CU size decision algorithm to reduce the complexity and encoding time for inter prediction. The proposed algorithm shows a reasonable performance in terms of saving the total encoding time up to 40% increasing 1.4% Bjonteggrad Delta Bit Rate (BDBR) compared to the HEVC reference model (HM).
Universal Count Correction for High-Throughput Sequencing (2014)

We show that existing RNA-seq, DNase-seq, and ChIP-seq data exhibit overdispersed per-base read count distributions that are not matched to existing computational method assumptions. To compensate for this overdispersion we introduce a nonparametric and universal method for processing per-base sequencing read count data called Fixseq. We demonstrate that Fixseq substantially improves the performance of existing RNA-seq, DNase-seq, and ChIP-seq analysis tools when compared with existing alternatives.
DTGAN: Differential Private Training for Tabular GANs (2021)

Tabular generative adversarial networks (TGAN) have recently emerged to cater to the need of synthesizing tabular data -- the most widely used data format. While synthetic tabular data offers the advantage of complying with privacy regulations, there still exists a risk of privacy leakage via inference attacks due to interpolating the properties of real data during training. Differential private (DP) training algorithms provide theoretical guarantees for training machine learning models by injecting statistical noise to prevent privacy leaks. However, the challenges of applying DP on TGAN are to determine the most optimal framework (i.e., PATE/DP-SGD) and neural network (i.e., Generator/Discriminator)to inject noise such that the data utility is well maintained under a given privacy guarantee. In this paper, we propose DTGAN, a novel conditional Wasserstein tabular GAN that comes in two variants DTGAN_G and DTGAN_D, for providing a detailed comparison of tabular GANs trained using DP-SGD for the generator vs discriminator, respectively. We elicit the privacy analysis associated with training the generator with complex loss functions (i.e., classification and information losses) needed for high quality tabular data synthesis. Additionally, we rigorously evaluate the theoretical privacy guarantees offered by DP empirically against membership and attribute inference attacks. Our results on 3 datasets show that the DP-SGD framework is superior to PATE and that a DP discriminator is more optimal for training convergence. Thus, we find (i) DTGAN_D is capable of maintaining the highest data utility across 4 ML models by up to 18% in terms of the average precision score for a strict privacy budget, epsilon = 1, as compared to the prior studies and (ii) DP effectively prevents privacy loss against inference attacks by restricting the success probability of membership attacks to be close to 50%.
Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridines, 1,10‐Phenanthrolines, and 2,2′:6′,2′′‐Terpyridines: Syntheses and Applications in Asymmetric Homogeneous Catalysis (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Speaker-Invariant Affective Representation Learning via Adversarial Training (2020)

Representation learning for speech emotion recognition is challenging due to labeled data sparsity issue and lack of gold-standard references. In addition, there is much variability from input speech signals, human subjective perception of the signals and emotion label ambiguity. In this paper, we propose a machine learning framework to obtain speech emotion representations by limiting the effect of speaker variability in the speech signals. Specifically we propose to disentangle the speaker characteristics from emotion through an adversarial training network in order to better represent emotion. Our method combines the gradient reversal technique with an entropy loss function to remove such speaker information. Our approach is evaluated on both IEMOCAP and CMU-MOSEI datasets. We show that our method improves speech emotion classification and increases generalization to unseen speakers.
Experimental Results Help Shape the Development of Personalized Medicine in Colorectal Cancer (2019)

With estimated 700,000 deaths each year, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) continues to be the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Fortunately, the mortality of CRC is considered to be most avertable; hence, it is essential to develop new approaches for more accurate and early diagnosis of primary as well as metastatic CRC, including genetic and biomarker tests. In this regard, the intercellular junctions and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis attract increasing attention, since they are involved in several stages of cancer and for their vital role in regulating cell survival and growth; furthermore, constituents of intercellular junctions and of the IGF axis could be used as tumor and/or metastasis markers, which are becoming the focus of increasing research activities. Our experimental results highlight the importance of gene expression changes in the tight junction proteins claudins, and in the IGF-binding proteins IGFBP3 and IGFBP7. They show additionally that claudins and IGFBPs cannot be simply defined in terms of favoring or antagonizing cancer progression but have additional properties and activities, which become apparent only in the context of liver colonization. Furthermore, their intensive modulation during the initial phase of liver colonization may suggest them as early metastasis-related markers.
Supplementary Figure from Novel Group C Oncolytic Adenoviruses Carrying a miRNA Inhibitor Demonstrate Enhanced Oncolytic Activity &lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Novel Group C Oncolytic Adenoviruses Carrying a miRNA Inhibitor Demonstrate Enhanced Oncolytic Activity &lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt;
A resonant power factor conditioner (2002)

The applicability of a current-fed push-pull parallel-resonance power converter to power factor conditioning was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental switching frequency was in the range 300-860 kHz. The basic features of soft switching, inherent high power factor and simple control, make the proposed approach a viable design alternative for power input stages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Exploring Structure–Property Relations of B,S-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons through the Trinity of Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Theory (2022)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are prominent lead structures for organic optoelectronic materials. This work describes the synthesis of three B,S-doped PAHs with heptacene-type scaffolds via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions between fluorinated arylborane precursors and 1,2-(Me<sub>3</sub>SiS)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (72-92% yield). All compounds contain tricoordinate B atoms at their 7,16-positions, kinetically protected by mesityl (Mes) substituents. PAHs <b>1</b>/<b>2</b> feature two/four S atoms at their 5,18-/5,9,14,18-positions; PAH <b>3</b> is a 6,8,15,17-tetrafluoro derivative of <b>2</b>. For comparison, we also prepared the skewed naphtho[2,3-<i>c</i>]pentaphene-type isomer <b>4</b>. The simultaneous presence of electron-accepting B atoms and electron-donating S atoms results in a redox-ambiphilic behavior; the radical cations [<b>1</b><sup><b>•</b></sup>]<sup><b>+</b></sup> and [<b>2</b><sup><b>•</b></sup>]<sup>+</sup> were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Several low-lying charge-transfer states exist, some of which (especially S-to-B and Mes-to-B transitions) compete on the excited-state potential-energy surface. Consistent with the calculated state characters and oscillator strengths, this competition results in a spread of fluorescence quantum yields (2-27%). The optoelectronic properties of <b>1</b> change drastically upon addition of Ag<sup>+</sup> ions: while the color of <b>1</b> in CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> changes bathochromically from yellow to red (λ<sub>max</sub> from 463 to 486 nm; -0.13 eV), the emission band shifts hypsochromically from 606 to 545 nm (+0.23 eV), and the fluorescence quantum yield increases from 12 to 43%. According to titration experiments, higher order adducts [Ag<sub><i>n</i></sub><b>1</b><sub><i>m</i></sub>]<sup><i>n</i>+</sup> are formed. As a suitable system for modeling Ag<sup>+</sup> complexation, our calculations predict a dimer structure (<i>n</i> = <i>m</i> = 2) with Ag<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> core, approximately linear S-Ag-S fragments, and Ag-Ag interaction. The computed optoelectronic properties of [Ag<sub>2</sub><b>1</b><sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> agree well with the experimentally observed ones.
Efficient and long-term stable organic vacuum deposited tandem solar cells (2010)

We report on the latest progress in the field of organic p-i-n tandem solar cells. The external quantum efficiencies of a tandem solar cell with two complementary absorbing bulk heterojunctions with an efficiency of 6.07% (certified by Fraunhofer ISE) with an active area of about 2cm<sup>2</sup> is analyzed. These solar cells are extremely stable: a reduction of only 3% of its initial power conversion efficiency was measured when stored at 85&deg;C for 5000 hours. The solar cell does not show any reduction in efficiency when stored under continuous illumination of a tungsten lamp corresponding to 1.5 suns for 5000 hours. Furthermore, we present the latest results on optimized tandem solar cells showing a power conversion efficiency of 7.66 % (certified by Fraunhofer ISE, active area of 1.1cm<sup>2</sup>).
Distributed-Parameter Control of the Heat Source Trajectory in Thermal Materials Processing (1996)

In thermal manufacturing processes performed by a localized, sequentially moving heat source, simultaneous regulation of multiple thermal quality characteristics requires real-time control of the temperature field developed through the distributed heat input on the part surface. Such control of the thermal field to a desired distribution employs infrared sensing and feedback of the surface temperature hill, to modulate the torch power and motion in-process. The torch trajectory is guided in real time by an efficient optimization algorithm based on the concept of moving complexes. This distributed-parameter control strategy is developed using a numerical simulation model of thermal processing, and its performance is evaluated experimentally in heat treatment of thin stainless steel plates. The thermal controller is applied to the new scan welding process, in which it drives the torch in a reciprocating motion along the weld, yielding a uniform and smooth temperature field, and thus a favorable material structure and mechanical properties. Application of such thermal control to various other material processing methods is also investigated.
The center for plant and microbial complex carbohydrates at the University of Georgia Complex Carbohydrate Research Center. Annual report, September 15, 1990--December 31, 1991 (1991)

Research from the Complex Carbohydrates Research Center at the University of Georgia is presented. Topics include: Structural determination of soybean isoflavones which specifically induce Bradyrhizobium japonicum nodD1 but not the nodYABCSUIJ operon; structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from symbiotic mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum; structural characterization of lipooligosaccharides from Bradyrhizobium japonicum that are required for the specific nodulation of soybean; structural characterization of the LPSs from R. Leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, the symbiont of bean; characterization of bacteroid-specific LPS epitopes in R. leguminosarum biovar viciae; analysis of the surface polysaccharides of Rhizobium meliloti mutants whose lipopolysaccharides and extracellular polysaccharides can have the same function in symbiosis; characterization of a polysaccharide produced by certain Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains within soybean nodules; structural analysis of a streptococcal adhesin polysaccharide receptor; conformational studies of xyloglucan, the role of the fucosylated side chain in surface-specific cellulose-xyloglucan interactions; the structure of an acylated glucosamine oligosaccharide signal molecule (nod factor) involved in the symbiosis of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae with its host Vicia sativa; investigating membrane responses induced by oligogalacturonides in cultured cells; the polygalacturonase inhibitor protein; characterization of the self-incompatability glycoproteins from Petunia hybrida; investigation of the cell wall polysaccharide structures of Arabidopsis thaliana; and the glucan inhibition of virus infection of tabacco.