gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In the Wake of Others: Unsteady Bonnet Surface Pressure Predictions and Measurements (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In use cars often drive through the wakes of other vehicles. It has long been appreciated that this imposes a fluctuating onset flow which can excite a structural response in vehicle panels, particularly the bonnet. This structure must be designed to be robust to such excitation to guarantee structural integrity and maintain customer expectations of quality. As we move towards autonomous vehicles and exploit platoons for drag reduction, this onset flow condition merits further attention. The work reported here comprises both measurements and simulation capturing the unsteady pressure distribution over the bonnet of an SUV following a similar vehicle at high speed and in relatively close proximity. Measurements were taken during track testing and include 48 static measurement locations distributed over the bonnet where the unsteady static pressures were recorded. This is complemented by computational fluid dynamics simulations using a commercially available Lattice-Boltzmann based Very Large Eddy Simulation approach. Comparisons between experiment and simulation are based on time-averaged static pressure coefficients, pressure time-histories and spectra. This provides a dataset that includes both time-averaged and unsteady correlation, demonstrating that such simulations can provide a good representation of on-track effects.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain (2001)

Magnetic resonance (MR; synonymous with NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance) is a universal physical technique best known for non-invasive detection and anatomical mapping of water protons (H). MR-spectroscopy (MRS) records protons from tissue chemicals other than water, intrinsic phosphorus containing metabolites, sodium, potassium, carbon, nitrogen, and fluorine. MRS is therefore an imaging technique with the potential to record human and animal biochemistry in vivo. As a result of wide availability of MRI equipment in research laboratories and hospitals, MRS is a serious competitor with PET to define normal body composition and its perturbation by pharmacological and pathological events. This article describes practical aspects of in vivo MRS with particular emphasis on the brain, where novel metabolites have been described. A survey of these new aspects of neurochemistry emphasize their practical utility as neuronal and axonal markers, measures of energy status, membrane constituents, and osmolytes, as well as some xenobiotics, such as alcohol. The concept of multinuclear in vivo MRS is illustrated by diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of several human brain disorders. Although these methods are currently most frequently encountered in human studies, as well as with transgenic and knockout mouse models, MRS adds a new dimension to anatomic and histopathologic descriptions.
Del Nido cardioplegia for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (2018)

Del Nido cardioplegia usage during MIAVR minimized re-dosing and the need for retrograde delivery. Patient safety was not compromised with this technique in this group of low-risk patients undergoing MIAVR.
Calcium release ormoglass: A new instructive interface for bone regeneration (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Exploiting Conversation Structure in Unsupervised Topic Segmentation for Emails (2010)

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a fundamental matrix decomposition technique that is used primarily for dimensionality reduction and is increasing in popularity in the biological domain. Although finding a unique NMF is generally not possible, there are various iterative algorithms for NMF optimization that converge to locally optimal solutions. Such techniques can also serve as a starting point for deep learning methods that unroll the algorithmic iterations into layers of a deep network. In this study, we develop unfolded deep networks for NMF and several regularized variants in both a supervised and an unsupervised setting. We apply our method to various mutation data sets to reconstruct their underlying mutational signatures and their exposures. We demonstrate the increased accuracy of our approach over standard formulations in analyzing simulated and real mutation data.
Kinetic of a liquid/liquid/solid fine chemicals reactions – modelling of a continuous pilot plant reactor (1996)

Abstract In the field of fine chemicals batch process the implementation of synthesis paths results most often in the determination of the optimal operating conditions on a bench scale apparatus; successive scale‐ups are then handled in an empirical way. For multi‐phase reactions, this approach can be limited due to the coupling between the chemical kinetics and the physical kinetics of the mass transfer. This work proposes a more rational approach for the overall synthesis of Amiodarone, a widely used anti‐arrhythmic drug produced by a liquid/liquid/solid reaction. After analysing the reaction scheme and identifying the limiting steps of the process, a simplified model is proposed to describe the overall process kinetics. The latter is used to model a continuous pilot loop‐reactor packed with static mixers.
Epitaxial lateral overgrowth of α-Ga2O3 by halide vapor phase epitaxy (2018)

We demonstrate the epitaxial lateral overgrowth of α-Ga2O3 by halide vapor phase epitaxy. We prepared patterned SiO2 masks on a (0001) α-Ga2O3/sapphire template, and then α-Ga2O3 islands were regrown selectively on the mask windows. The islands grew vertically and laterally to coalesce with each other. Facet control of the α-Ga2O3 islands was achieved by controlling the growth temperature, and inclined facets developed by decreasing the temperature. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the crystal quality of the regrown α-Ga2O3 was improved owing to both the blocking of dislocations by the mask and the dislocation bending by the inclined facets.
Tunable spectrum LED based on micro/nanostructured substrate (2014)

In this paper, tunable spectrum LED based on nanostructured substrate is presented. In particular, the relationship between the temperature distribution and the nanostructured substrate is quantitatively simulated. The simulation results suggest that there can be a noticeable change in the temperature profile due to the existence of micro/nanostructured substrate. Such a change in the temperature distribution can result in a change of indium composition of InGaN/GaN LED, which in turn tune the output spectrum of LED.
Gain suppression in GaAs/AlGaAs TJS lasers (1981)

Experimental results on gain suppression in transverse junetion stripe (TJS) lasers with a heavily doped active region is reported for the first time. These lasers oscillate in the fundamental transverse and lateral modes with gain suppression, and reproducibly operate in a single-longitudinal mode up to 1.8 times the threshold current.
Quantification of carotid artery plaque stability with multiple region of interest based ultrasound strain indices and relationship with cognition (2017)

Vulnerability and instability in carotid artery plaque has been assessed based on strain variations using noninvasive ultrasound imaging. We previously demonstrated that carotid plaques with higher strain indices in a region of interest (ROI) correlated to patients with lower cognition, probably due to cerebrovascular emboli arising from these unstable plaques. This work attempts to characterize the strain distribution throughout the entire plaque region instead of being restricted to a single localized ROI. Multiple ROIs are selected within the entire plaque region, based on thresholds determined by the maximum and average strains in the entire plaque, enabling generation of additional relevant strain indices. Ultrasound strain imaging of carotid plaques, was performed on 60 human patients using an 18L6 transducer coupled to a Siemens Acuson S2000 system to acquire radiofrequency data over several cardiac cycles. Patients also underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests under a protocol based on National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Canadian Stroke Network guidelines. Correlation of strain indices with composite cognitive index of executive function revealed a negative association relating high strain to poor cognition. Patients grouped into high and low cognition groups were then classified using these additional strain indices. One of our newer indices, namely the average L - 1 norm with plaque (AL1NWP) presented with significantly improved correlation with executive function when compared to our previously reported maximum accumulated strain indices. An optimal combination of three of the new indices generated classifiers of patient cognition with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.880, 0.921 and 0.905 for all (n = 60), symptomatic (n = 33) and asymptomatic patients (n = 27) whereas classifiers using maximum accumulated strain indices alone provided AUC values of 0.817, 0.815 and 0.813 respectively.
&lt;title&gt;Tools for interactive analysis of imagery, video and associated data&lt;/title&gt; (1994)

The emergence ofadvanced techniques for image analysis, sophisticated, user friendly window-based interactive software-tools,and advanced object-oriented and relational databases has naturally led to the proliferation of a number of systems that facilitatethe use of imagery obtained from a variety of sources together with associated text, map, and other types of data [ERDAS,ARC-iNFO, PG&ES special issuej. However, while these systems provide convenient ways to access and visualize thesevariety of datatypes, they often fall short of providing a few critical capabilities that are needed for effective use of these datasources for scientific research. For example, there is usually little or no support to perform powerful analysis operations onthe data and then add the results of that analysis for subsequent use (we refer to this process as incremental annotation).More importantly, while there are individual systems that have powerful image processing (on raster data) or GeographicalInformation Systems (GIS) capabilities, the combination of these two types of capabilities within a single system has notbeen adequately treated.In a similar vein, while there are a number of ongoing efforts to provide content-based access to image and associated datastored in a database (e.g., as evidenced by these proceedings), these efforts often seem to concentrate on the development ofgeneral-purpose automatic recognition algorithms, and are not tailored to the needs of a particular user community. There hasalso been very little attempt to integrate some of the more successful analysis algorithms developed in Computer Vision withthe database operations. On the other hand, given the state of the art, it may be most effective to integrate powerful analysisand feature extraction tools together with a powerful database that allows the user to analyze and extract useful quantitativeinformation from the data and use this information to incrementally annotate the data for subsequent access and analysis. This
Hysteresis Loss in Ferrite Permanent Magnets in Rotating Electrical Machinery (2018)

In this paper, hysteresis loss in magnetic poles of electrical machines with ferrite permanent magnets is studied. A vibrating sample magnetometer is used to observe the hysteresis behavior of three distinct commercial ferrite magnet grades. The measurement results indicate the presence of additional magnetic phases with reduced coercivity in the samples under study. These phases can act as an additional source of loss in ferrite magnets. A new modeling concept is introduced to simulate the hysteresis behavior of the ferrite magnet grades in the second and first quadrants of the intrinsic BH plane. Finite-element-calculated magnetic field distribution is used as an input for the analytical model to determine the hysteresis loss in the magnets of two distinct permanent magnet machine designs. The results indicate that some hysteresis loss in the ferrite permanent magnet magnetic poles of electrical machines may occur, but it plays a minor role in practice.
Abrogation by subsequent feeding of antibody response including IgE, in parenterally immunized mice. (1982)

We have investigated the possibility of oral administration of ovalbumin (OVA) to prevent a secondary antibody response and interrupt reaginic antibody production. Repeated feeding seems necessary for both. Quality of results was dependent on the number of ingestions. Differences in abrogation of antibody response between mice strains were observed. Best results were obtained with AKR mice, good suppression was seen in C3H strain, and inconsistent results were obtained with DBA/2. 10 OVA oral doses were necessary to prevent a secondary antibody response in parenterally immunized mice, but 4 doses interrupted reaginic production in sensitized AKR mice. These results demonstrate that antigen feeding can prevent a secondary antibody response and interrupt reaginic antibody production.
Reduction of Borazines Mediated by Low‐Valent Chromium Species (2012)

Recharging spent BN fuel: {Cr(CO)(3)} mediates the reduction of borazines by hydride and methyl nucleophiles to generate anionic complexes of dearomatized hexamethylborazine. Subsequent quenching leads to the release of a substituted cyclotriborazane, successfully demonstrating the stepwise reduction of a B=N bond.
Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Dynorphin A Analogs at the Kappa Opioid Receptor (2015)

Chronic pain is the most ubiquitous disease with an incidence of 100 million people in the U.S. Opiate therapy is the mainly prescribed treatment for chronic neuropathic pain. However opioids do not address the mechanisms of neuropathic pain and thus have limited efficacy against this type of pain [1]. While opioids may reduce the pain states experienced by the patients, they have adverse effects such as tolerance, addiction, and medication overuse with long-term administration. It has been found that by blocking the κ opioid receptor (KOR) a reduction in tolerance and depressive affective states that can occur with opioid administration [2]. With this in mind we are working towards the development of a KOR selective antagonist with variable duration of action. Dynorphin A (Dyn A, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-Trp-Asp-AsnGln) is one of three endogenous opioid peptides with high affinities for the μ (MOR), δ (DOR), and κ opioid receptors, with a preference for the KOR. Dyn A mediates an inhibitory effect through the opioid receptors resulting in nociception. Some have studied the importance of consecutive polar residues as is found in Dyn A and found that these were important for binding and function [3]. Dyn A has been extensively studied in the search for KOR ligands. Our approach is different in that our main target is a shorter peptide with an amino acid residue deletion in the middle of the sequence. The deleted residue happens to be one of the key residues determined by studies of the relative importance of the amino acid residues in Dyn A sequence. It was previously believed that residues Arg, Lys, and Lys were the most important residues for binding and potency at the KOR [4]. The importance of these residues was determined by the binding affinity of truncated analogs of Dyn A. In our approach we are completely deleting the amino acid residue and this is very interesting because usually residue deletions would have unfavorable effects to the binding of a peptide due to changes in conformation and charge distributions.
Basic GPS Concept (2000)

This chapter introduces the basic concept of how a GPS receiver determines its position. In order to better understand the concept, GPS performance requirements are discussed first. These requirements determine the arrangement of the satellite constellation. From the satellite constellation, the user position can be solved. However, the equations required for solving the user position turn out to be nonlinear simultaneous equations, which are difficult to solve directly. In addition, some practical considerations (i.e., the inaccuracy of the user clock) are included in these equations. These equations are solved through a linearization and iteration method. The solution is in a Cartesian coordinate system and the result will be converted into a spherical coordinate system. However, the earth is not a perfect sphere; therefore, once the user position is found, the shape of the earth must be taken into consideration. The user position is then translated into the earth-based coordinate system. Finally, the selection of satellites to obtain better user position accuracy and the dilution of precision are discussed.
Heterogeneous drug penetrance of veliparib and carboplatin measured in triple negative breast tumors (2017)

PARPi/platinum tumor penetration can be measured by MALDI-MSI and ICP-MS in PBMCs and fresh frozen, OCT embedded core needle biopsies. Large variability in platinum adduct formation and spatial heterogeneity in veliparib distribution may lead to insufficient drug exposure in select cell populations.
Seven-Year Follow-Up Analysis of Adjuvant Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab Trial for Node-Negative, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer (2019)

With longer follow-up, adjuvant paclitaxel and trastuzumab is associated with excellent long-term outcomes. Distribution of PAM50 intrinsic subtypes in small HER2-positive tumors is similar to that previously reported for larger tumors.
Efficiency droop and carrier transport in AlGaN epilayers and heterostructures (2015)

The photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of AlGaN epilayers and heterostructures under quasi‐steady‐state conditions at different excitations in a wide temperature range from 8 to 300 K established the connection between the internal quantum efficiency, efficiency droop, and carrier localization. The carrier localization conditions were estimated from the temperature dependences of the PL band peak positions. The temperature dependences of the PL intensity were fitted using the Arrhenius‐type equation with two activation energies, which were attributed to the carrier redistribution within the localized states and carrier delocalization, respectively. The delocalization of the localized carriers affects the luminescence efficiency via the enhancement of the two mechanisms of opposite signs: the bimolecular radiative recombination and nonradiative recombination due to an increased probability to reach nonradiative recombination centers.
A new class of luminescent Cu(<scp>i</scp>) complexes with tripodal ligands – TADF emitters for the yellow to red color range (2014)

A new class of emissive and neutral Cu(I) compounds with tripodal ligands is presented. The complexes were characterized chemically, computationally, and photophysically. Under ambient conditions, the powders of the compounds exhibit yellow to red emission with quantum yields ranging from about 5% to 35%. The emission represents a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) combined with a short-lived phosphorescence which represents a rare situation and is a consequence of high spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In the series of the investigated compounds the non-radiative rates increase with decreasing emission energy according to the energy gap law while the radiative rate is almost constant. Furthermore, a well-fit linear dependence between the experimental emission energies and the transition energies calculated by DFT and TD-DFT methods could be established, thus supporting the applicability of these computational methods also to Cu(I) complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4‐Fluoro‐, 7‐Fluoro‐, and 4,7‐ Difluoro‐5,6‐dihydroxytryptamines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Ningalin B Utilizing a Heterocyclic Azadiene Diels—Alder Reaction and Discovery of a New Class of Potent Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Reversal Agents. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
No evidence for germline PTEN mutations in families with breast and brain tumours (1999)

Germline mutations of the PTEN gene are involved in Cowden disease, a genetic condition associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Further somatic PTEN mutations have been found in glioblastomas and to a lesser extent in meningiomas. Therefore, PTEN germline mutations were searched for in a series of 20 unrelated women with breast cancer who also had a personal or familial breast-brain tumour history. Inclusion criteria were 1. family history of breast cancer; 2. absence of germline BRCA1 and p53 mutation; and 3. at least one case of brain tumour (glioblastoma, meningioma, or medulloblastoma) in either the index case or one of their first or second degree relatives. Any stigmata of Cowden disease was an exclusion criteria. Screening of the PTEN gene for point mutations or small rearrangements were performed using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method on the 9 coding exons. No disease-associated mutation of the PTEN gene has been detected in our series. It is, thus, unlikely that PTEN is a significant BRCA predisposing locus. However, one might ask whether breast cancer cases resulting from germline PTEN mutation could occur without any mammary histological feature of Cowden disease. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:216–219, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Investigating Pregnancy and Its Complications Using Circulating Cell-Free RNA in Women's Blood During Gestation (2020)

In recent years, there have been major advances in the application of non-invasive techniques to predict pregnancy-related complications, for example by measuring cell-free RNA (cfRNA) in maternal blood. In contrast to cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which is already in clinical use to diagnose fetal aneuploidy, circulating RNA levels can correspond with tissue-specific gene expression and provide a snapshot of prenatal health across gestation. Here, we review the physiologic origins of cfRNA and its novel applications and corresponding challenges to monitor fetal and maternal health and predict pregnancy-related complications.
Analysis of the activity of promoters from two photosynthesis-related genes psaF and petH of spinach in a monocot plant, rice. (2000)

The subunit III of photosystem I and ferredoxin-NADP(+)-oxidoreductase are encoded by nuclear genes, namely psaF and petH. The activity of their promoters from spinach has been evaluated in transgenic tobacco earlier. Evaluation of the activity of these Dicotyledoneae-specific promoters has been carried out in a monocot system (i.e. rice) by transient gene expression system, based on electroporation-mediated gene delivery into protoplasts from leaves and roots. It has been found that various promoter deletions show higher activity in leaf protoplasts and elements for quantitative response are widely distributed. Transgenic rice has also been produced with a petH promoter and gus reporter gene construct. Although petH promoter is a weak promoter in comparison to the 35S promoter, it expresses well in green tissues and could be useful for plant genetic engineering.