gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferromagnetism and structure of epitaxial Cr-doped anatase<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>TiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films (2006)

The materials and magnetic properties of Cr-doped anatase ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ thin films deposited on ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}(001)$ and ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}(001)$ substrates by oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy have been studied in detail to elucidate the origin of ferromagnetic ordering. Cr substitution for Ti in the anatase lattice, with no evidence of Cr interstitials, segregation, or secondary phases, was independently confirmed by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, extended x-ray absorption fine structure, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in the channeling geometry. Epitaxial films deposited at $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}∕\mathrm{s}$ were found to have a highly defected crystalline structure, as quantified by high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD). These films were also ferromagnetic at room temperature with a moment of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}∕\mathrm{Cr}$, Curie temperatures in the range of $400\text{--}700\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, and exhibited shape and in-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy. However, no free carrier spin polarization was observed by Hall effect measurements, raising questions about the mechanism of magnetism. Films deposited slowly $(\ensuremath{\sim}0.015\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}∕\mathrm{s})$ possessed a nearly perfect crystalline structure as characterized by XRD. Contrary to expectations, these films exhibited negligible ferromagnetism at all Cr concentrations. Annealing in vacuum to generate additional oxygen defects and free carrier electrons did not significantly increase the ferromagnetic ordering in either fast- or slow-grown films. These results contradict both oxygen-vacancy-derived free-carrier-mediated exchange and F-center-mediated bound magnetic polaron exchange mechanisms, and instead indicate the primary role of extended structural defects in mediating the ferromagnetic ordering in doped anatase films.
Assessing the value of coordination in mobile robot exploration using a discrete-time Markov process (2013)

With the introduction of multi-robot systems for exploration the question then arises, whether coordination among robots in such systems is required. We propose a model based on Markov processes to evaluate the need for coordination in multi-robot systems during the exploration of unknown environments and determine possible gains achievable through coordination. The model is illustrated by exploration of an indoor office environment. We qualitatively identify characteristics of environments which make coordination necessary and allow to quantitatively include them in the model. The expected gain through coordination highly depends on the environment. We further investigate the impact of team sizes. In favorable environments explicit coordination is not needed at the cost of increased team sizes. This helps to raise understanding of factors having an impact on coordination functions and making it possible to approximate a possible gain through coordination.
Features of vortex formation and heat transfer during cross flow around two cylinders (2020)

Abstract The creation of all heat exchangers supposes the establishment of a quantitative and qualitative relationship between the flow and heat flux distribution at heat transfer surfaces. The paper presents the study’s results of the vortex flow’s structure and heat transfer near two circular cylinders. The distance between the cylinders ranged from 0.5 d to 4 d during the experiments (here d is the diameter of the cylinders). The vortex flow’s patterns in hydro- and wind tunnels in the Reynolds numbers’ range from 4000 to 40,000 are compared. To study heat transfer near the cylinders, gradient heat flux measurement was used. In aerodynamic experiments, both cylinders were heated with saturated steam, ensuring a constant surface temperature of the cylinder. The results showed an agreement of the flow patterns. The effect of distance and flow velocity on the flow around the second cylinder is revealed: there may be cases when the second cylinder is at rest, in other cases it fluctuates. Gradient heatmetry revealed a decrease in the level of fluctuations near the second cylinder. However, the average Nusselt number for the second cylinder is expectedly lower than for the first.
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for determination of phencyclidine in human serum and its application to human drug abuse cases (2010)

A new analytical method was developed and validated for the rapid determination of phencyclidine (PCP) in human blood and serum. Rapid chromatographic separation decreased the analysis time relative to standard gas chromatography (GC)-based methodologies. The method involved the use of solid-phase extraction for sample preparation and cleanup followed by liquid chromatography tandem spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis and an electrospray-ionization (ESI) interface. PCP was quantified using multiple-reaction-monitoring with deuterium labeled PCP (PCP-d(5)) as an internal standard. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, and recovery. The method was accurate with error <14% and precision with coefficient of variation (CV) <5.0%. The assay was linear over the entire range of calibration standards (r(2) > 0.997). The recovery of PCP after solid-phase extraction was greater than 90% with the lower limit of detection (LLOD) for PCP in 500 µl of human serum after solid-phase extraction at 0.06 ng ml(-1). This method was used to determine the levels of PCP in postmortem human blood samples. The LLOD in blood was 1 ng ml(-1). Blood PCP concentrations were also determined separately using GC and flame ionization detection (FID). Blood calibration standards and serum calibration standards yielded similar concentrations when used to quantitate authentic human blood samples that tested positive for PCP under the GC-FID method. Extraction of PCP from serum required fewer steps and therefore could be used as a calibration matrix in place of blood. The LC-MS/MS methodology shown here was higher throughput compared with GC-based methods because of very short chromatographic run times. This was accomplished without sacrificing analytical sensitivity.
Study of in vitro thrombin generation after neutralization of heparin (2021)

Polybrene fully restored TG of heparinized plasma at the expense of an alteration of TG, pointing to the need to use adapted reference ranges. Heparinase failed to do so in presence of high concentrations of both heparins.
Reversible effect of strain on transport critical current in Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8 +<i>x</i></sub>superconducting wires: a modified descriptive strain model (2011)

A reversible strain effect on transport critical current Ic was found in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + x (Bi-2212) high-temperature superconducting round wires. Ic showed unambiguous reversibility at 4 K and 16 T up to an irreversible strain limit of about 0.3 % in longitudinal tension, prompting hope that the Bi-2212 conductor has the potential to sustain mechanical strains generated in high-field magnets. However, Ic was not reversible under longitudinal compression and buckling of Bi-2212 grain colonies was identified as the main reason. A two-component model was proposed, which suggests the presence of mechanically weak and strong Bi-2212 components within the wire filaments. Porosity embedded in the weak component renders it structurally unsupported and, therefore, makes it prone to cracking under strain e. Ic(e) is irreversible in tension if the weak component contributes to the transport critical current but becomes reversible once connectivity of the weak component is broken through strain increase or cycling. A modified descriptive strain model was also developed, which illustrates the effect of strain in the Bi-2212 conductor and supersedes the existing descriptive model. Unlike the latter, the new model suggests that higher pre-compressive strains should improve Ic if buckling of Bi-2212 grains does not occur, and should result in a wider Ic(e) plateau in the applied tensile regime without degradation of the initial Ic. The new model postulates that a reversible strain effect should exist even in the applied compressive strain regime if buckling of Bi-2212 grains could be prevented through elimination of porosity and mechanical reinforcement of the wire.
A Strategy for the Measurement of the Vibrations of a Muoniated Radical Centre: Experimental Evidence (2004)

Measuring muons: The longitudinal field μSR spectrum of a single crystal of benzophenone (see picture) shows significant sensitivity to simultaneous irradiation with NIR radiation of wavelengths >850 nm. The possible use of this phenomenon in a strategy to measure the vibrational modes of a muoniated centre is discussed.
Observations of gas- and aerosol-phase organic nitrates at BEACHON-RoMBAS 2011 (2013)

Abstract. At the Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study (BEACHON-RoMBAS) field campaign in the Colorado front range, July–August 2011, measurements of gas- and aerosol-phase organic nitrates enabled a study of the role of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) in oxidation of forest-emitted VOCs and subsequent aerosol formation. Substantial formation of peroxy- and alkyl-nitrates is observed every morning, with an apparent 2.9% yield of alkyl nitrates from daytime RO2 + NO reactions. Aerosol-phase organic nitrates, however, peak in concentration during the night, with concentrations up to 140 ppt as measured by both optical spectroscopic and mass spectrometric instruments. The diurnal cycle in aerosol fraction of organic nitrates shows an equilibrium-like response to the diurnal temperature cycle, suggesting some reversible absorptive partitioning, but the full dynamic range cannot be reproduced by thermodynamic repartitioning alone. Nighttime aerosol organic nitrate is observed to be positively correlated with [NO2] × [O3] but not with [O3]. These observations support the role of nighttime NO3-initiated oxidation of monoterpenes as a significant source of nighttime aerosol. Nighttime production of organic nitrates exceeds daytime photochemical production at this site, which we postulate to be representative of the Colorado front range forests.
Emergence of Rifampin-Resistant <i>Rhodococcus equi</i> with Several Types of Mutations in the <i>rpoB</i> Gene among AIDS Patients in Northern Thailand (2003)

The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 30 Rhodococcus equi isolates obtained from 30 patients between 1993 and 2001 in northern Thailand were investigated. The MICs showed a tendency toward resistance to various antibiotics but sensitivity to imipenem, minocycline, vancomycin, and teicoplanin (MICs, </=0.5 micro g/ml) and relative sensitivity to meropenem, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin (MICs, </=2 micro g/ml). Of the 30 isolates, 26 were susceptible (MICs, </=1 micro g/ml), 1 showed low-level resistance (MIC, 8 micro g/ml), and 3 showed high-level resistance (MICs, >/=64 micro g/ml) to rifampin. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of the rpoB gene and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed for eight R. equi isolates from eight AIDS patients with pneumonia or lung abscess caused by R. equi between 1998 and 2001, including one low- and three high-level rifampin-resistant isolates. As a result, two high-level rifampin-resistant strains with PFGE pattern A had a Ser531Trp (Escherichia coli numbering) mutation, and one high-level rifampin-resistant strain with PFGE pattern B had a His526Tyr mutation, whereas one low-level rifampin-resistant strain with PFGE pattern C had a Ser509Pro mutation. Four rifampin-susceptible strains with PFGE patterns D and E showed an absence of mutation in the rpoB region. Our results indicate the presence of several types of rifampin-resistant R. equi strains among AIDS patients in northern Thailand.
Spatial transport of atomic coherence in electromagnetically induced absorption with a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell (2014)

We report the spatial transport of spontaneously transferred atomic coherence (STAC) in electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), which resulted from moving atoms with the STAC of the 5S(1/2) (F = 2)-5P(3/2) (F' = 3) transition of (87)Rb in a paraffin-coated vapor cell. In our experiment, two channels were spatially separate; the writing channel (WC) generated STAC in the EIA configuration, and the reading channel (RC) retrieved the optical field from the spatially transported STAC. Transported between the spatially separated positions, the fast light pulse of EIA in the WC and the delayed light pulse in the RC were observed. When the laser direction of the RC was counter-propagated in the direction of the WC, we observed direction reversal of the transported light pulse in the EIA medium. Furthermore, the delay time, the magnitude, and the width of the spatially transported light pulse were investigated with respect to the distance between the two channels.
Dielectric constant and leakage of BaZrO3 films (2009)

Dielectric properties of thin (&amp;lt;30 nm) BaZrO3 perovskite layers deposited onto TiN were investigated. Polycrystalline films show a dielectric constant of ∼40 and an optical band gap of ∼5.4 eV. Leakage currents of the polycrystalline BaZrO3 films are significantly higher than that of the corresponding amorphous layers. As evidenced by conductive atomic force microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and ab initio calculations, these currents may be due to hot spots and point defects related to Ti contamination of the dielectrics.
Uncontrolled trial of cryofiltration in rheumatoid arthritis (1988)

In an open trial of cryofiltration in rheumatoid arthritis at our institution, 19 patients received 464 treatments; the intensive schedule of ten treatments in 5 weeks was completed in 14 of the 19, and excellent to good clinical response was achieved in ten of these. The combined results demonstrated significant reductions in Ritchie index, morning stiffness, and 50-foot-walk time in the intensive treatment period, as well as significant increases in hand grip strengths. In the maintenance treatment period treatment frequency was individually selected and at less frequent intervals. Changes in clinical parameters were notably less. Although significant correlations were observed between the percent change in clinical parameters and the percent change in biochemical and hematological parameters, no consistent pattern was found. The favorable results of this trial and other uncontrolled trials has led to a two-center double-blind controlled trial of cryofiltration in rheumatoid arthritis that is now in progress.
Influence of interleukin-3, interleukin-6, and stem cell factor on retroviral transduction of rhesus monkey CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells measured in vitro and in vivo. (1995)

As a preclinical test for bone marrow gene therapy, we transduced Rhesus monkey CD34+CD11b- hematopoietic progenitor cells with recombinant retroviruses. We investigated the effects of the recombinant hematopoietic growth factors interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and stem cell factor (SCF) on the susceptibility of in vitro clonogenic progenitor cells and in vivo repopulating stem cells to retroviral transduction. IL-6 did not contribute to transduction of progenitor cells, whereas IL-3 and SCF supported expansion and transduction of progenitors. The combination of IL-3 and IL-6 was most efficient at promoting transduction of more mature progenitor cell types. Cultures containing IL-6+SCF yielded optimal maintenance of CD34+CD11b- cells without evidence for lineage-restricted maturation. Autologous transplantation of transduced grafts cultured in the presence of SCF, with or without IL-3 or IL-6, into lethally irradiated Rhesus monkeys resulted in a severely delayed hematopoietic reconstitution as compared with grafts transduced in the presence of IL-3 alone. After in vivo repopulation, transduced cells were found among peripheral blood mononuclear cells, granulocytes and CD34+CD11b- progenitor cells in the bone marrow of engrafted animals. However, no significant difference in transduction efficiency on in vivo repopulating stem cells could be demonstrated among the tested growth factor conditions.
Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler flow velocity mapping in the evaluation of cardiac valve prostheses. (1988)

To determine the value of transesophageal ultrasound in the assessment of cardiac valve prostheses, 14 patients with clinically suspected mitral prosthesis malfunction were studied by transthoracic and transesophageal two-dimensional imaging as well as by color Doppler flow velocity mapping (color Doppler). Patients underwent left ventricular angiography (n = 13), surgery (n = 11), or both angiography and surgery (n = 10). Nine patients had only mitral valve replacement, four patients had both mitral and aortic valve replacement, and one patient had mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valve replacement. There were 16 biological and four mechanical prostheses. The degree of mitral regurgitation was graded by both transthoracic and transesophageal color Doppler according to the area of the regurgitant jet visualized and was compared with a three-point classification of mitral regurgitation by left ventricular angiography judged by observers blinded to the echocardiographic results. All transesophageal studies were performed without complication and were well tolerated. The pathological morphology of the mitral prosthesis was additionally or more clearly visualized by transesophageal two-dimensional imaging and subsequently proven at surgery in three patients with flail leaflets and one patient with a vegetation compared with images obtained by the transthoracic approach. Valvular regurgitation was graded by the transthoracic approach as absent in four patients, mild in two patients, moderate in five patients, and severe in only three patients. The transesophageal assessment showed absence of mitral regurgitation in two patients, moderate regurgitation in two patients, and severe regurgitation in 10 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supplementary Tables 1-4 and Supplementary Figures S1A and S1B. from Immunotherapy Targeting HPV16/18 Generates Potent Immune Responses in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 2: Number of patients in each cohort with any seroreactivity against the candidate antigens (HPV 16,18 E6 and E7) at (A) any timepoint following vaccination and (B) three months following final vaccination Supplemental Table 3: Flow cytometry output frequencies for HPV16 specific CD8+ T cells before and after treatment with MEDI0457 Supplemental Table 4: Flow cytometry output frequencies for HPV18 specific CD8+ T cells before and after treatment with MEDI0457 Supplementary Figure S1A: Flow Cytometry Gating for assessment of CD3+ CD8+ cells Supplementary Figure S1B: Differential expression of CD38, CD69 and CD137 on CD3+ CD8+ cells before and after activation&lt;/p&gt;
[μ-1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene-κ<sup>2</sup><i>P</i>:<i>P</i>′]bis[chloridogold(I)] (2010)

In the crystal structure of the non-solvate form of the title compound, [Au(2)Cl(2)(C(30)H(24)P(2))], two almost linear P-Au(I)-Cl units [175.87 (3) and 171.48 (3)°] are in a skewed arrangement with a Cl-Au⋯Au-Cl torsion angle of -65.29 (3)° so as to form an intra-molecular Au⋯Au inter-action [3.0563 (2) Å]. The complex mol-ecules are connected each other through inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions, giving a sheet structure parallel to the bc plane.
[182 offspring of cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Switzerland. 1. Clinical findings]. (1998)

This study involved 182 calves, heifers and cows that were the first generation progeny of cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). All animals underwent clinical and neurological examinations. Blood, milk, urine, ruminal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid samples were examined. Each cow underwent a specific examination for BSE which included assessment of behaviour, sensitivity and locomotion. This examination was performed twice, and there was very good agreement between the results. The most common symptom was nervousness (14 animals). In the first examination, 68 animals were mildly to moderately sensitive to touching of the head, 44 animals were hypersensitive to a halogen light and 35 animals were hypersensitive to a camera flash. Twenty-four animals reacted by kicking when the hindlimbs were touched with a broom. None of the animals had disturbances in locomotion. Based on the interpretation of all findings and the comparison of the results of the first and second examinations, 173 animals were diagnosed as free of BSE. In 9 animals, the disease could not be ruled out; however, it could not be confirmed in any of them. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the brain of all animals were negative for BSE (see Part 2 of the study for details). The results of this study indicate that abnormal clinical findings may occur in clinically healthy cattle. However, none of the progeny of cows with BSE exhibited clinical signs typical of BSE, such as disturbances in behaviour; sensitivity and locomotion.
EFEITOS DO ÁCIDO INDOLBUTÍRICO E TEMPO DE IMERSÃO NO ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS SEMI-LENHOSAS E HERBÁCEAS DE Rubus sp. (2010)

O
experimento foi conduzido em novembro de 2005, sob telado, na Fazenda de
Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensao da UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira. O trabalho teve
como objetivo verificar os efeitos do tempo de imersao sobre o enraizamento de
estacas semi- lenhosas e herbaceas de amoreira preta. Os tratamentos foram:
tempo de imersao em 500 mg L -1 de AIB por: a) 10 minutos; b) 8
minutos; c) 6 minutos; d) 4 minutos; e) 2 minutos e testemunha sem imersao em
AIB, em ambos os ensaios. Apos 62 dias para as estacas herbaceas e 68 dias para
as semi-lenhosas, procedeu a colheita, tendo sido avaliados as seguintes
caracteristicas: porcentagem de estacas sobreviventes, porcentagem de estacas
enraizadas, numero de raizes por estacas e massa de materia seca das raizes por
estaca, para ambos os ensaios. O delineamento estatistico adotado foi
inteiramente casualizado, sendo que cada ensaio constituido de 6 tratamentos, 4
repeticoes e 10 estacas. Constatou-se que: a medida que se aumentou o tempo de
imersao das estacas herbaceas em AIB, houve uma reducao na porcentagem de
estacas enraizadas, sobreviventes, bem como sobre o numero de raizes por
estaca. E o tempo de imersao das estacas semi-lenhosas em AIB, nao houve
diferenca significativa para nenhum dos parâmetros.
Application Specific Chemical Information Microprocessor (ASCI mu P) (1999)

Abstract : The overall goal of this work involves the development of a self contained, integrated microfluidic chemical sensor using micromachining techniques. The integrated sensor targeted comprises a microanalytical segment, integrated detection electronics and associated telemetry functionality.
Research Guides: Reaxys: Beilstein/Gmelin/Patent Chemistry: Physical Properties (2010)

Resources and how-to guide to use Reaxys efficiently How to search Beilstein through Reaxys to obtain physical properties of a known substance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibromoolefins via a Tandem Ozonolysis—Dibromoolefination Reaction. (2013)

Abstract The ozonolysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkenes can be directly coupled with a Corey—Fuchs‐type dibromoolefination to provide different dibromolefins without isolating the reactive intermediates.