gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuro-RAM Unit with Applications to Similarity Testing and Compression\n in Spiking Neural Networks (2017)

We study distributed algorithms implemented in a simplified biologically\ninspired model for stochastic spiking neural networks. We focus on tradeoffs\nbetween computation time and network complexity, along with the role of\nrandomness in efficient neural computation.\n It is widely accepted that neural computation is inherently stochastic. In\nrecent work, we explored how this stochasticity could be leveraged to solve the\n`winner-take-all' leader election task. Here, we focus on using randomness in\nneural algorithms for similarity testing and compression. In the most basic\nsetting, given two $n$-length patterns of firing neurons, we wish to\ndistinguish if the patterns are equal or $\\epsilon$-far from equal.\n Randomization allows us to solve this task with a very compact network, using\n$O \\left (\\frac{\\sqrt{n}\\log n}{\\epsilon}\\right)$ auxiliary neurons, which is\nsublinear in the input size. At the heart of our solution is the design of a\n$t$-round neural random access memory, or indexing network, which we call a\nneuro-RAM. This module can be implemented with $O(n/t)$ auxiliary neurons and\nis useful in many applications beyond similarity testing.\n Using a VC dimension-based argument, we show that the tradeoff between\nruntime and network size in our neuro-RAM is nearly optimal. Our result has\nseveral implications -- since our neuro-RAM can be implemented with\ndeterministic threshold gates, it shows that, in contrast to similarity\ntesting, randomness does not provide significant computational advantages for\nthis problem. It also establishes a separation between feedforward networks\nwhose gates spike with sigmoidal probability functions, and well-studied\ndeterministic sigmoidal networks, whose gates output real number sigmoidal\nvalues, and which can implement a neuro-RAM much more efficiently.\n
Advanced EMT and Phasor-Domain Hybrid Simulation With Simulation Mode Switching Capability for Transmission and Distribution Systems (2018)

Conventional electromagnetic transient (EMT) and phasor-domain hybrid simulation approaches presently exist for transmission system level studies. Their simulation efficiency is generally constrained by the EMT simulation. With an increasing number of distributed energy resources and nonconventional loads being installed in distribution systems, it is imperative to extend the hybrid simulation application to include distribution systems and integrated transmission and distribution systems. Meanwhile, it is equally important to improve the simulation efficiency as the modeling scope and complexity of the detailed system in the EMT simulation increases. To meet both requirements, this paper introduces an advanced EMT and phasor-domain hybrid simulation approach. This approach has two main features: first, a comprehensive phasor-domain modeling and simulation framework which supports positive-sequence, three-sequence, three-phase, and mixed three-sequence/three-phase representations and second, a robust and flexible simulation mode switching scheme. The developed scheme enables simulation switching from hybrid simulation mode back to pure phasor-domain dynamic simulation mode to achieve significantly improved simulation efficiency. The proposed method has been tested on integrated transmission and distribution systems. The results show that with the developed simulation switching feature, the total computational time is significantly reduced compared to running the hybrid simulation for the whole simulation period while maintaining good simulation accuracy.
Description and Characterisation of a Large Array of Sensors Mimicking an Artificial Olfactory Epithelium (2014)

Biological olfactory systems show high sensitivity and exquisite discriminatory capacity to odorants. These characteristics are due to hierarchical signal processing of the large numbers of sensory inputs that occurs within the olfactory system. In testing realistic computational models of the olfactory system, large numbers of chemical sensor inputs are required. So far, sensory devices that may serve as model inputs to an artificial olfactory system do not exist. The development of a large scale array of chemical sensors able to mimic the olfactory receptor neurons is described, and these have been characterised in terms of their variability and degree of redundancy. Using this device it is possible to start testing computational hypotheses appropriate to biological chemosensory systems and adapt them to the artificial olfaction.
Enclathration by a Halogenated Host: Structures, Polymorphism, Kinetics, and Guest Exchange (2021)

The host tetrakis(p-bromophenyl)ethylene forms inclusion compounds with 1,4-dioxane (chiral and racemic polymorph pair), cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 3-pentanone. Their structures have been elucidated, and their nonbonded host–guest interactions have been analyzed. The thermal decomposition of the two Host·dioxane polymorphs yielded activation energies of 84 kJ·mol–1 and 90 kJ·mol–1. Guest exchange kinetics have been measured for the Host·dimethyl sulfoxide → Host·acetone by differential scanning calorimetry and for the Host·cyclohexanone → Host·3-pentanone by powder X-ray diffraction. The latter reaction is deceleratory and follows the decreasing area law, with a half-life of 42 min at 25 °C.
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR OF AlGaN/GaN HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY PRESSURE SENSORS (2018)

For the first time, the time-dependent response of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) pressure sensor is characterized at elevated temperatures. We show that temperature affects the sensitivity and the transient behavior of the sensor's response to pressure. At a temperature above 125C, the drain current response after the application of pressure transitions from exponentially decaying to exponentially growing. Using an Arrhenius model of trap activation energy, we demonstrate that two traps in the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure at 0.62 eV and 0.87 eV cause the temperature-dependent transient behavior. This work paves the way for creating reliable GaN-based sensing devices.
Ultralow-Power Operation in Subthreshold Regimes Applying Clockless Logic (2010)

Energy performance requirements are causing designers of next-generation systems to explore approaches to lowest possible power consumption. Subthreshold operation is being examined to stretch low-power circuit designs beyond the normal modes of operation, with the potential for large energy savings. Some of the challenges to be overcome, like 10-100× performance penalties, are being addressed by research into parallelism. However, the uncertainty in timing generated by operating in subthreshold represents a major challenge to overcome. In this paper, first, we will introduce some background information on digital logic subthreshold operation, then provide some background on clockless logic design approaches giving a brief overview of some of the characteristics of the different design styles and focusing on NULL convention logic. Next, we will examine the application of that clockless logic approach to a military system, reviewing the background of the experiment, factors considered in the comparison, and then summarizing the results of the comparisons. Finally, an overview of additional research and development that will be needed to make the technique available to subthreshold designers is presented.
In-hospital mortality and failure to rescue following hepatobiliary surgery in Germany - a nationwide analysis (2020)

In Germany, patients who are undergoing major hepatobiliary resections have improved outcomes, if they are admitted to higher volume hospitals. However, such associations are not evident following minor hepatobiliary resections. Following major hepatobiliary resections, 70-80% of the excess mortality in very low volume hospitals was estimated to be attributable to failure to rescue.
Serum heparan sulfate levels predict the etiology of acute exacerbations in COPD (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are associated with worsening health outcomes and efforts should focus to prompt effective treatment of each episode. Heparan sulfate (HS) is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan in the lung parenchyma that regulates the effect of cytokines and growth factors to maintain an inflammatory microenvironment. <b>Aim:</b> In the present study we aimed to investigate if serum levels of HS can predict the etiology of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). <b>Methods:</b> 638 COPD patients, GOLD grade II-IV from a discovery cohort (PROMISE study) and 551 COPD patients from a validation cohort (PREVENT study, BASCOP study) where included in the study. HS was measured in serum at stable state, at exacerbations that were stratified according to etiology (no infection, bacterial infection, viral infection, both bacterial and viral infection) and at 4 weeks follow up after the exacerbations. <b>Results:</b> In the discovery cohort, serum HS was higher at moderate AECOPD (p&lt;0.001) and severe AECOPD (p=0.002) compared to stable state and remained higher 4 weeks after AECOPD (p&lt;0.001). In the discovery cohort, HS serum levels were increased from stable state to AECOPD by 1.69 times when there was no infection at AECOPD, by 4.14 time when there was a bacterial infection at AECOPD, by 6.23 times when there was a viral infection at AECOPD and by 8.69 times when there was both bacterial and viral infection at AECOPD. <b>Conclusions:</b> HS serum levels may predict the etiology of AECOPD which is of great importance for prompt effective treatment decisions at each episode.
Infliximab administered as 3-dose induction followed by scheduled maintenance therapy in IBD: comparable clinical outcomes with or without concomitant immunomodulators (2008)

To assess whether concomitant immunomodulator therapy with infliximab (IFX) is associated with better clinical outcomes when 3-dose induction followed by scheduled maintenance therapy is used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), efficacy data from pivotal trials in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (ACCENT I & II, ACT I & II) were compared. As shown in the table below, response and remission rates did not differ significantly when IFX was used with and without concomitant immunomodulators. While there was a trend in favor of concomitant immunomodulators in some trials, there was a trend against them in other trials. Three of the four trials showed a trend toward fewer hospitalizations when concomitant immunomodulators were used, and this trend was most pronounced in ACCENT I (luminal Crohn's disease (CD)). The use of concomitant immunomodulators in patients receiving scheduled maintenance IFX therapy for IBD does not improve clinical outcomes over 54 weeks. Whether concomitant immunomodulators would improve clinical outcomes in patients treated beyond 1 year is unknown. Hospitalization rates may be lower with the use of concomitant immunomodulators, especially in CD. The benefits and risks of these agents in combination with IFX must be carefully weighed. The use of concomitant immunomodulators in patients receiving scheduled maintenance IFX therapy for IBD should be considered optional, not mandatory.
DNA methylation slows effects of <i>C9orf72</i> mutations (2015)

Hexanucleotide expansion mutations in the C9orf72 gene are the most common autosomal dominant cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It remains unclear how C9orf72 expansions cause disease, with data to support 3 different hypotheses1: (1) loss of function due to decreased C9orf72 expression, (2) gain of function due to RNA foci that sequester critical proteins, and (3) gain of function due to expression of dipeptide repeat proteins encoded by the expansion.
Latency bounded and energy efficient MAC for wireless sensor networks (2012)

This study presents the design and performance evaluation of a latency bounded and medium access control (MAC) scheme (abbreviated to LB-MAC) for wireless sensor networks that require time-critical communication. LB-MAC provides the predictability for an end-to-sink data delivery time through the time division multiple access (TDMA) multi-channel transmission frame assignment considering the routing path of a tree network. In addition, it uses the traffic-based slot assignment mechanism at every transmission frame to achieve energy efficiency. The feasibility and effectiveness of LB-MAC is demonstrated through extensive simulation based comparisons with prior research.
Self‐Assembly Properties of NCN Pincer Palladium(II) Complexes Bearing a Uracil Moiety (2014)

Abstract NCN pincer palladium(II) complexes bearing a 6‐ethynyl‐1‐octyluracil moiety were designed by the combination of an NCN pincer palladium(II) complexes as an organometallic compound and a uracil derivative as a nucleobase to afford bioorganometallic compounds. The reaction of the NCN pincer ligand with Pd(dba) 2 (dba = dibenzylideneacetone) led to the formation of the NCN pincer palladium(II) complex Pd‐Br . The crystal structure of the cationic complex Pd‐MeCN , which was prepared by the treatment of Pd‐Br with AgOTf (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) in acetonitrile, revealed that a dimeric structure formed through intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the uracil moieties of two independent molecules. The self‐assembly properties of the NCN pincer palladium(II) complexes were found to depend on the ancillary ligands. Each hydrogen‐bonded dimer was connected through an intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding bridge between the coordinated water molecule and the triflate anion in the cationic complex Pd‐H 2 O . Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the uracil moiety and the triflate anion bound to the palladium center was observed in the NCN pincer palladium(II) complex Pd‐OTf , although a dimeric structure between the uracil moieties was formed in the NCN pincer palladium(II) complex Pd‐O 2 CCF 3 , which was obtained by the abstraction of the bromide ion from Pd‐Br with AgO 2 CCF 3 .
Big data quality - whose problem is it? (2016)

The increased reliance on data driven enterprise has seen an unprecedented investment in big data initiatives. Organizations averaged US$8M in investments in big data-related initiatives and programs in 2014, with 70% of large enterprises and 56% of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) having already deployed, or planning to deploy, big-data projects [1]. As companies intensify their efforts to get value from big data, the growth in the amount of data being managed continues at an exponential rate, leaving organizations with a massive footprint of unexplored, unfamiliar datasets. On February 8th, 2015, a group of global thought leaders from the database research community outlined the grand challenges in getting value from big data [2]. The key message was the need to develop the capacity to `understand how the quality of data affects the quality of the insight we derive from it'.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (4,5‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐dithiolan‐2‐yl)nucleosides as Potential Inhibitors of HIV. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rheological behavior of cured acrylate-terminated unsaturated copolyesters (1998)

The viscoelastic properties of cured acrylate-terminated copolyesters were studied by means of dynamic mechanical analysis. The influence of terminal double bonds, as well as of the cis-trans configuration and distribution along the main chain, on the transition temperatures and rheological properties of the cured polyesters are presented. The presence of double bonds at both chain ends allows the formation of a regular network by crosslinking copolymerization with styrene. The present investigation was carried out on three series of acrylate-terminated copolyesters: poly[(tetramethylene maleate)-co-(tetramethylene phthalate)] (BMPA), poly[(tetramethylene fumarate)-co-(tetramethylene phthalate)] (BFPA) and poly[(tetramethylene phthalate)-co-(tetramethylene succinate)] (BPSA). The results of the mechanical spectrometric analysis are presented as master curves by applying the time-temperature superposition principle. The WLF parameters of the cured unsaturated polyesters were determined above the glass transition temperatures. The glass transition temperatures shift to higher temperatures with increasing degree of crosslinking. The equilibrium shear storage modulus plateau changes as a consequence of the different configuration of the double bonds and the degree of crosslinking. The degree of crosslinking, nc, determined from the equilibrium shear modulus G′e, was higher than those determined from equilibrium swelling measurements, which is apparently connected with the contribution of physical entanglements.
Fluorescence Dynamics of Chlorophyll Trefoils in the Solid State Studied by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2009)

We have comparatively investigated the single-molecule photophysical properties of two chlorophyll trefoils that feature distinctive electronic couplings induced by differences in linkage: one is an ethynyl-linked chlorophyll trefoil (1) in which relatively short and rigid linkage between the chromophores promotes effective electronic coupling, and the other is a phenyl−ethynyl-linked chlorophyll trefoil (2) in which the phenyl addition induces an orthogonal geometry impeding π-conjugation and provides a longer interchlorophyll distance reducing through-space interaction. By recording single-molecule fluorescence intensity trajectories and their corresponding lifetimes, we observed one-step photobleaching behaviors, less frequent on−off behaviors, a narrower fluorescence lifetime distribution, and higher photostability in 1 as compared with 2. These results indicate that the performance of molecular photosynthetic systems in the solid state is strongly associated with electronic couplings and, thus, give insight into the construction of well-functioning artificial photosynthetic systems.
The optical amplifier WDM revolution: What it means to network operators (2006)

Some years ago, forecasts of capacity demand growth in long-haul networks suggested that 10%/year growth rates would be very optimistic. This in turn led to serious debates as to whether there was any need for WDM at all. It is now apparent that these forecasts were flawed. Network traffic is exploding, especially that associated with data. While historical projections were based on voice traffic alone, the traffic in the network is now about half data and will soon be dominated by data.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Removal of Large Colorectal Lesions: Initial Experience With a New Therapeutic Platform (2018)

Introduction: Endoscopic removal of large, flat colorectal polyps is technically difficult and time consuming. We are now reporting use of a new endolumenal interventional platform (Lumendi LLC, Westport, CT) to facilitate endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for large (over 50 mm) colonic lesions. The platform is comprised of a flexible overtube with 2 manually inflatable balloons, one of which can be advanced beyond the scope tip to help flatten colonic folds and stabilize the scope, thus assisting with the endoscopic intervention. Methods: A colonoscope preloaded with the device was inserted into the colon. After colonic lesion was reached, the “fore” balloon was advanced proximal to the lesion and both balloons were inflated to stabilize the lesion inside a “therapeutic zone” between balloons. After completion of the ESD, the colonoscope was removed and a double channel endoscope loaded with an endoscopic suturing device (Apollo Endosurgery, Austin, TX) was reinserted through the device to close the large mucosal defect with endoscopic sutures. Results: From November 2017 through April 2018 33 ESDs were successfully performed with the platform device for removal of large (mean size 62.9±16.7 mm, range 50-100 mm) colorectal polyps located in cecum (9), ascending (10), transverse (8), descending (2), sigmoid colon (3) and rectum (1). ESD time was 95.5±43.2 minutes. The platform facilitated ESD and delivery of the suturing device to the lesion (mean time 2.9±3.5 minutes) as well as sutured closure of the large defects post-ESD (mean time 17.9±10.6 minutes). Total mean procedure time was 156.2±55.8 minutes. Conclusion: Use of the new endoscopic therapeutic platform for removal of large colorectal lesions facilitated ESD and defect closure in all areas of the colon while markedly decreasing total procedure time as compared to prior experience without the platform for similar size polyps. Retrospective and prospective case matched analyses will be performed to further quantify the potential time savings.147_A Figure 1. Large sessile polyp in ascending colon147_B Figure 2. 8 cm polyp removed en bloc
A PROVENANCE STUDY OF POTTERY FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES NEAR CANOSA, PUGLIA (ITALY)* (1997)

Studies have been carried out to assess the provenance of selected pottery excavated at archaeological sites near Canosa, Puglia (Italy). Sixty‐six sherds, ranging in date from the mid‐seventh century BC to the beginning of the third century BC, were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and 16 elements were determined. The analysis data were subjected to multivariate classification procedures. Tests showed that the majority of the examined sherds came from ancient local kilns; a probable Ionian origin was established for some other sherds, while the rest were of unknown origin.
Thermo-optic switching in liquid crystal infiltrated photonic bandgap fibres (2003)

A new type of hybrid photonic crystal fibres, which are infiltrated with liquid crystals, are demonstrated. Thermo-optic fibre switching, which utilises the phase transitions of a thermochromic liquid crystal inside a photonic crystal fibre, is demonstrated.