gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy to Aid Exposure for Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty (2016)

INTRODUCTION: A tibial tubercle osteotomy can provide reliable and safe exposure during revision total knee arthroplasty with a high union rate, low complication rate, and predictable outcomes. INDICATIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS: STEP 1: PREOPERATIVE PLANNING (FIGS. 1-A THROUGH 2-B): Determine the need for an extensile approach on the basis of the preoperative knee range of motion; position of the patella; bone quality; medical comorbidities; and cement mantle, tibial keel or stem, and thickness of the anterior tibial cortex. STEP 2: INCISION AND ARTHROTOMY: Create full-thickness subcutaneous flaps and perform a medial parapatellar arthrotomy with complete synovectomy and careful excision of scar tissue from the medial and lateral gutters. STEP 3: INCISION EXTENSION AND PREPARATION FOR TIBIAL TUBERCLE OSTEOTOMY (FIGS. 3 AND 4; VIDEOS 1, 2, AND 3): Extend the skin and subcutaneous dissection distal to the tibial tubercle and mark the chevron osteotomy using electrocautery. STEP 4: TIBIAL TUBERCLE OSTEOTOMY (FIG. 5; VIDEOS 4 AND 5): Perform the osseous cut for the tibial tubercle osteotomy with a thin saw blade in a medial-to-lateral direction, such that the fragment hinges on the lateral soft tissue and musculature. STEP 5: REVISION TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (VIDEOS 6 AND 7): With the knee maximally flexed and lateral subluxation of the extensor mechanism, for full visualization of the femoral and tibial components, remove the components and perform the knee revision. STEP 6: PREPARATION FOR INSERTION OF TIBIAL COMPONENT: The final tibial component should have a diaphyseal stem long enough to bypass the distal extent of the tibial tubercle osteotomy by at least 2 cortical diameters. STEP 7: TRIALING AND INSERTION OF FINAL TIBIAL COMPONENT (FIGS. 6 AND 7; VIDEOS, 8, 9, AND 10): When cementing the final tibial component, take care to remove cement anterior to the tibial stem that would otherwise impede complete reduction of the osteotomy fragment and interfere with osseous union at the osteotomy site. STEP 8: REDUCTION OF TIBIAL TUBERCLE OSTEOTOMY FRAGMENT (FIGS. 8 AND 9; VIDEOS 11, 12, AND 13): Manually position the osteotomized bone fragment over the tibia and obtain an anatomic reduction either freehand or using bone clamps, depending on the soft-tissue tension. STEP 9: FIXATION OF TIBIAL TUBERCLE OSTEOTOMY FRAGMENT (VIDEO 14): Obtain rigid fixation with a 6.5-mm screw proximally and 2 sets of doubled-over 18-gauge wires distally. STEP 10: STRESSING THE OSTEOTOMY SITE AND WOUND CLOSURE (FIGS. 10, 11, AND 12; VIDEOS 15 AND 16): Stress the osteotomy site by flexing the knee 90°, deflate the tourniquet, place a drain if needed, and close. STEP 11: POSTOPERATIVE RESTRICTIONS AND PROTOCOL (FIGS. 13-A AND 13-B): Allow weight-bearing as tolerated and a 0° to 90° range of motion in a hinged knee brace. RESULTS: Tibial tubercle osteotomy to aid in exposure during revision total knee arthroplasty has been reported to yield favorable outcomes in the orthopaedic literature(7-18). PITFALLS & CHALLENGES:
Highly Oil-Repellent Thermoplastic Boundaries via Surface Delivery of CF<sub>3</sub> Groups by Molecular Bottlebrush Additives (2020)

We fabricated thermoplastic surfaces possessing extremely limited water and oil wettability without employment of long-chain perfluoroalkyl (LCPFA) substances. Namely, by taking advantage of the structure and behavior of original oleophobic perfluoropolyether (PFPE) methacrylate (PFM) molecular bottlebrush (MBB) additive we obtained polymeric surfaces with oil contact angles well above 80° and surface energy on the level of 10 mN/m. Those angles and surface energies are the highest and the lowest respective values reported to date for any bulk solid flat organic surface not containing LCPFA. We show experimentally and computationally that this remarkable oil repellency is attributed to migration of small quantities of the oleophobic MBB additives to the surface of the thermoplastics. Severe mismatch in the affinity between the densely grafted long side chains of MBB and a host matrix promotes stretching and densification of mobile side chains delivering the lowest surface energy functionalities (CF3) to the materials’ boundary. Our studies demonstrate that PFM can be utilized as an effective low surface energy additive to conventional thermoplastic polymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) and Nylon-6. We show that films containing PFM achieve the level of oil repellency significantly higher than that of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a fully perfluorinated thermoplastic. The surface energy of the films is also significantly lower than that of PTFE, even at low concentrations of PFM additives.
REMOVED: Removal of Contaminants from Coacervate Phase by Pervaporation (2012)

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been removed at the request of the Executive Publisher. This article has been removed because it was published without the permission of the author(s).
Structural Modification of Lipopolysaccharide Conferred by <i>mcr-1</i> in Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens (2017)

<i>mcr-1</i> was initially reported as the first plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene in clinical isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in China and has subsequently been identified worldwide in various species of the family <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i><i>mcr-1</i> encodes a phosphoethanolamine transferase, and its expression has been shown to generate phosphoethanolamine-modified bis-phosphorylated hexa-acylated lipid A in <i>E. coli</i> Here, we investigated the effects of <i>mcr-1</i> on colistin susceptibility and on lipopolysaccharide structures in laboratory and clinical strains of the Gram-negative ESKAPE (<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Enterobacter</i> species) pathogens, which are often treated clinically by colistin. The effects of <i>mcr-1</i> on colistin resistance were determined using MIC assays of laboratory and clinical strains of <i>E. coli</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>A. baumannii</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Lipid A structural changes resulting from MCR-1 were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The introduction of <i>mcr-1</i> led to colistin resistance in <i>E. coli</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, and <i>A. baumannii</i> but only moderately reduced susceptibility in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A was observed consistently for all four species. These findings highlight the risk of colistin resistance as a consequence of <i>mcr-1</i> expression among ESKAPE pathogens, especially in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>A. baumannii</i> Furthermore, the observation that lipid A structures were modified despite only modest increases in colistin MICs in some instances suggests more sophisticated surveillance methods may need to be developed to track the dissemination of <i>mcr-1</i> or plasmid-mediated phosphoethanolamine transferases in general.
Involvement of HLS1 in Sugar and Auxin Signaling in Arabidopsis Leaves (2006)

Sugar regulates a variety of genes and controls plant growth and development similarly to phytohormones. As part of a screen for Arabidopsis mutants with defects in sugar-responsive gene expression, we identified a loss-of-function mutation in the HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) gene. HLS1 was originally identified to regulate apical hook formation of dark-grown seedlings (Lehman et al., 1996, Cell 85: 183-194). In hls1, sugar-induced gene expression in excised leaf petioles was more sensitive to exogenous sucrose than that in the wild type. Exogenous IAA partially repressed sugar-induced gene expression and concomitantly activated some auxin response genes such as AUR3 encoding GH3-like protein. The repression and the induction of gene expression by auxin were attenuated and enhanced, respectively, by the hls1 mutation. These results suggest that HLS1 plays a negative role in sugar and auxin signaling. Because AUR3 GH3-like protein conjugates free IAA to amino acids (Staswick et al., 2002, Plant Cell 14: 1405-1415; Staswick et al., 2005, Plant Cell 17: 616-627), enhanced expression of GH3-like genes would result in a decrease in the free IAA level. Indeed, hls1 leaves accumulated a reduced level of free IAA, suggesting that HLS1 may be involved in negative feedback regulation of IAA homeostasis through the control of GH3-like genes. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which HLS1 is involved in auxin signaling for sugar- and auxin-responsive gene expression and in IAA homeostasis.
Fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer coating for the stability enhancement of electroactive and photoactive systems (2003)

The effectiveness of radio frequency sputtered fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) for the stability enhancement of electroactive and photoactive systems was investigated. Two kinds of electroactive polymer systems, polyaniline (PANI) coated low density polyethylene (LDPE) film and PANI-viologen assembly, were tested. In both cases, a sputtered FEP coating of &amp;lt;10 nm in thickness significantly enhanced the electrical stability of the films in water. The enhancement of the electrical stability of the PANI-LDPE film was also achieved in basic aqueous solution of pH up to 12 with a FEP coating of 40–50 nm in thickness. The deposition of a FEP coating on the photoactive viologen system (viologen grafted on LDPE film) prolonged its photochromic effect by inhibiting the diffusion of oxygen, and hence the reoxidation of the highly colored viologen radical cations to the dication state.
Visualizing 3D Euler spirals (2010)

This video describes a new type of 3D curves, which generalizes the family of 2D Euler spirals. They are defined as the curves having both their curvature and their torsion evolve linearly along the curve. The utility of these spirals for curve completion applications is demonstrated. This video accompanies the paper presented in [4].
Capturing the Efficiency of a Melt-Mixing Process for Polymer Processing (2011)

Polymer blends and composite materials are often produced by a melt-mixing process using equipment specially designed to mix high-viscosity fluids during laminar flow. The melt-mixing process can be classified into distributive and dispersive mixing. Distributive mixing includes stretching and folding of fluid elements and re-arrangement of dispersed materials. Dispersive mixing is the size reduction of filler aggregates and/or liquid droplets in a matrix fluid. In order to optimize the design of a melt-mixing equipment, the evaluation of distributive and dispersive mixing is essential. In this paper, we consider fundamental aspects of melt-mixing, and experimental and computational approaches that have been reported in the literatures. Experimental observation of melt-mixing, by and large, provides rather limited information on the mixing process inside of equipment. Although a mixed material can be obtained under specified conditions and its physical properties can be directly measured, it is difficult for the mixing mechanism behind the final result to be inferred. Computational fluid dynamics complements this situation. Numerical simulation of a mixing process provides a non-invasive and detailed data in a equipment so that the quantitative measures for distributive and dispersive mixing can be obtained. We consider various quantitative measures that have been previously proposed to characterize distributive and dispersive mixing.
Tuning Hydrated Nanoceria Surfaces: Experimental/Theoretical Investigations of Ion Exchange and Implications in Organic and Inorganic Interactions (2010)

Long-term stability and surface properties of colloidal nanoparticles have significance in many applications. Here, surface charge modified hydrated cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs, also known as nanoceria) are synthesized, and their dynamic ion exchange interactions with the surrounding medium are investigated in detail. Time-dependent zeta (zeta) potential (ZP) variations of CNPs are demonstrated as a useful characteristic for optimizing their surface properties. The surface charge reversal of CNPs observed with respect to time, concentration, temperature, and doping is correlated to the surface modification of CNPs in aqueous solution and the ion exchange reaction between the surface protons (H(+)) and the neighboring hydroxyls ions (OH(-)). Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have demonstrated that the adsorption of H(+) ions on the CNP surface is kinetically more favorable while the adsorption of OH(-) ions on CNPs is thermodynamically more favorable. The importance of selecting CNPs with appropriate surface charges and the implications of dynamic surface charge variations are exemplified with applications in microelectronics and biomedical.
Phase I/II study with GM-CSF in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. (1988)

The availability of rh GM-CSF has allowed the in vivo treatment of patients with cytopenia. Therefore a phase I/II trial was initiated to study the effect of rh GM-CSF in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes who were not eligible for other kinds of therapy. rh GM-CSF has been tested in 10 patients in doses from 15 micrograms/m2 to 150 micrograms/m2 given intravenously over 8 hours for a cycle of 7 days followed by an interval of 14 days and a second 7-day treatment course. A dose dependent increase in leukocyte count was observed in 9 out of 10 patients. No change in reticulocyte numbers was seen and only one patient experienced an increase in platelet count. Toxicity mainly consisted of mild local phlebitis at the site of infusion and sternal pain after bolus injection. An increase in blast cell counts in some patients necessitated the start of low dose Ara-C therapy.
Prismatic Effects of Spherical Ophthalmic Lenses (1980)

Exact prismatic effects were calculated for stock spectacle lenses (-6 D to +10 D) and trial refracting set lenses (-10 D to +10 D) using a range of visual field eccentricities on the 0.30 m Goldmann perimeter, and on the 1- and 2-m tangent screens. Slightly larger prismatic effects were found for the tangent screens than the perimeter, but the difference in results for the two tangent screen distances was negligible. For low power ophthalmic lenses (-2 D +2 D), the prismatic effects were smaller than the variation in apparent target eccentricity caused by variation in patient fixation distance. Paraxial estimates of prismatic effects using both thick and thin lens theory were calculated, but found to become more inaccurate as target eccentricity increased. Data are presented which can be used by clinicians to predict the alteration in the size of kinetic perimetric isopters when ophthalmic lenses are used to correct patient defocus resulting from ametropia or presbyopia.
X-ray and optical characterization of multilayer semiconductor waveguides (2001)

Nowadays refractive-index engineering has become a challenging area for experimentalists in semiconductor integrated optics, whereas design constraints are often more strict than both standard technology tolerances and model accuracies. In fact, it is crucial to non-destructively evaluate thicknesses and refractive indices of a multilayer waveguide independently, and to this aim we resorted to X-ray reflectometry and effective index measurements on MBE-grown AlGaAs waveguides, respectively. With the first technique interference effects (Kiessig fringes) arise, which are related to layer thicknesses. By standard data processing, thickness accuracies of +/- 0.05 nm are readily achieved. Effective index measurements were performed at several wavelengths on both slab and rib waveguides, through grating-assisted distributed coupling with both photoresist and etched gratings. Effective indices were determined with an absolute precision as good as 1/2000, adequate for phase matching in parametric devices. Merging thickness and effective index evaluations, the refractive indices of the constituent layers were determined with unprecedented accuracies, in substantial agreement with existing models.
Deficiency in the metabolite receptor SUCNR1 (GPR91) leads to outer retinal lesions (2013)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prominent cause of blindness in the Western world. To date, its molecular pathogenesis as well as the sequence of events leading to retinal degeneration remain largely ill-defined. While the invasion of choroidal neovessels in the retina is the primary mechanism that precipitates loss of sight, an earlier dry form precedes it. Here we provide the first evidence for the protective role of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)-resident metabolite receptor, succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1; G-Protein coupled Receptor-91 (GPR91), in preventing dry AMD-like lesions of the outer retina. Genetic analysis of 925 patients with geographic atrophy and 1199 AMD-free peers revealed an increased risk of developing geographic atrophy associated with intronic variants in theSUCNR1 gene. In mice, outer retinal expression of SUCNR1 is observed in the RPE as well as microglial cells and decreases progressively with age. Accordingly, Sucnr1-/- mice show signs of premature sub-retinal dystrophy with accumulation of oxidized-LDL, abnormal thickening of Bruch's membrane and a buildup of subretinal microglia. The accumulation of microglia in Sucnr1-deficient mice is likely triggered by the inefficient clearance of oxidized lipids by the RPE as bone marrow transfer of wild-type microglia into Sucnr1-/- mice did not salvage the patho-phenotype and systemic lipolysis was equivalent between wild-type and control mice. Our findings suggest that deficiency in SUCNR1 is a possible contributing factor to the pathogenesis of dry AMD and thus broaden our understanding of this clinically unmet need.
Discovery and Development of Dolastatin 10-Derived Antibody Drug Conjugate Anticancer Drugs (2022)

Dolastatin 10 is an extremely potent broad-spectrum antitubulin anticancer pentapeptide isolated from <i>Dolabella auricularia</i>. The two-dimensional structure was elucidated by NMR and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute configuration was determined by a convergent total synthesis. SAR studies established that modifications at C- and N-terminals were tolerated for cytotoxic activity. Human clinical trials of dolastatin 10 and auristatin PE (a C-terminal analog) showed occasional signs of efficacy but failed due to lack of separation of toxicity and efficacy. Nanomolar cytotoxicity helped transition this class of pentapeptides to the next phase of development as antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) by reducing systemic toxicity. Four ADC drugs (Adcetris, Padcev, Polivy, and Blenrep) carrying monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE, vedotin) and monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF, mafodotin) payloads have been approved for treatment of a number of cancers expressing antibody-specific antigens. More than 36 ADCs carrying a variety of pentapeptide analogues are undergoing preclinical and clinical developments. They are being evaluated in more than 200 human trials. A comprehensive review of the discovery, total synthesis of dolastatin 10 and new amino acids, SAR studies of dolastatin 10 and auristatins, conjugations to antibodies, and preclinical and clinical development of ADCs have been presented.
Thermal Decompositions of the Lignin Model Compounds: Salicylaldehyde and Catechol (2018)

The nascent steps in the pyrolysis of the lignin components salicylaldehyde ( o-HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CHO) and catechol ( o-HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>OH) were studied in a set of heated microreactors. The microreactors are small (roughly 1 mm ID × 3 cm long); transit times through the reactors are about 100 μs. Temperatures in the microreactors can be as high as 1600 K, and pressures are typically a few hundred torr. The products of pyrolysis are identified by a combination of photoionization mass spectrometry, photoelectron photoion concidence mass spectroscopy, and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. The main pathway by which salicylaldehyde decomposes is a concerted fragmentation: o-HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CHO (+ M) → H<sub>2</sub> + CO + C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>═C═O (fulveneketene). At temperatures above 1300 K, fulveneketene loses CO to yield a mixture of HC≡C-C≡C-CH<sub>3</sub>, HC≡C-CH<sub>2</sub>-C≡CH, and HC≡C-CH═C═CH<sub>2</sub>. These alkynes decompose to a mixture of radicals (HC≡C-C≡C-CH<sub>2</sub> and HC≡C-CH-C≡CH) and H atoms. H-atom chain reactions convert salicylaldehyde to phenol: o-HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CHO + H → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH + CO + H. Catechol has similar chemistry to salicylaldehyde. Electrocyclic fragmentation produces water and fulveneketene: o-HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>OH (+ M) → H<sub>2</sub>O + C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>═C═O. These findings have implications for the pyrolysis of lignin itself.
Engineering 3D Tissue Test Systems (2017)

BOOK CHAPTER"Shape matters: Understanding the breast through 3D tissue culture models"1 Jan 2017, Engineering 3D Tissue Test Systems, 263-284Co-authors Speroni L, Soto AM, Sonnenschein C10.1201/9781315118260
When Groin Pain Signals an Adductor Strain (1995)

In brief Adductor strains typically occur brief with forceful abduction of the thigh during adduction or with hyperabduction. The history and physical exam are usually diagnostic; however, other causes of acute groin pain must always be ruled out. Using CT, MRI, or ultrasound can facilitate diagnosis of difficult or unusual cases. Management of acute partial strains usually requires nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ice, compression, physical therapy, and rest. The mainstay of treatment is early active rehabilitation and returq to competition. Surgery is often required for complete ruptures, but the treatment for such injuries remains under discussion.
Biofunctionalization of Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Carbon Nanotubes – Types, Structures and Properties Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Approaches to Aqueous Solubilization of Carbon Nanotubes Chemical Modifications Use of Water‐compatible Surfactants Functionalization with Water‐soluble Polymers Interaction and Functionalization with Biological Molecules Noncovalent Biofunctionalization Covalent Biofunctionalization Applications of Biofunctionalized Carbon Nanotubes Assembly of Electronic Devices Biosensing Substrates for Neuronal Growth Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Antiviral Carbocyclic Nucleosides: Asymmetric Hydrolysis of meso‐3,5‐Bis(acetoxymethyl)cyclopentenes Using Rhizopus delemar Lipase. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.