gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of the neuronal regulation of bone mass and energy metabolism by leptin in vivo (2008)

The leptin regulation of bone remodeling, which has been documented through studies of loss-of-function mutations of this hormone or of its receptor in mice and humans, still raised several unanswered questions. For instance, it has been assumed but not formally demonstrated that this regulation occurs through neuronal means. Likewise, it has not been possible until now to dissociate the influence leptin exerts on appetite and energy expenditure from this function. We show here through mouse genetic studies that a deletion of the leptin receptor in neurons results in an increase in bone formation and bone resorption, resulting in a high bone mass as seen in leptin-deficient mice. In contrast, the same deletion in osteoblasts only does not influence bone remodeling. Furthermore, through the use of l/l mice, a model of gain of function in leptin signaling harboring a Y985L substitution in the leptin receptor, we show that leptin signaling inhibits bone mass accrual by up-regulating sympathetic activity independently of any change in appetite or energy expenditure. This work establishes that in vivo leptin regulates bone mass accrual by acting through neuronal means and provides a direct demonstration that this function of leptin can occur independently of its regulation of energy metabolism.
Sintered polymeric binders for Li-ion battery alloy anodes (2018)

The cycling performance in lithium half cells of Si alloy electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride or polyimide binders were evaluated after the electrodes were cured at temperatures below and above the binder carbonization temperature. After carbonization, the cycling performance of electrodes using polyvinylidene fluoride binder improved considerably but still suffered from capacity fade. Electrodes with carbonized polyimide binder had superior performance and showed no capacity fade after 100 cycles. The superior performance of carbonized polyimide electrodes is thought to be related to polyimide’s high carbon yield upon heating, resulting in the formation of a uniform carbon coating on alloy surfaces. These results suggest that new high performance binders for alloy electrodes might be derived by the carbonization of polymers with a high carbon yield that lead to the formation of uniform carbon coatings on alloy particles.
Facile Glycosylation of Terpenyl Alcohols Using Thioglycoside (1995)

The efficient synthesis of terpenyl O-benzyl-α-and β-glucopyranosides from terpenyl alcohols and thioglycoside was conducted using O-mesitylenesulfonylhydroxyamine (MSH) and 2, 6-lutidinum perchlorate (LPC) as a new promoter system. Terpenyl O-benzyl-α-glucopyranosides were obtained from 3β-cholestanol, l-menthol, citronellol, geraniol, nerol and linalool in good yields stereoselectively in all cases.
Silicalite nanoparticles that promote transgene expression (2008)

Here, we report on a new zeolite-based silicalite nanoparticle that can enhance the transfection efficiencies generated by poly ethylene imine-plasmid DNA (PEI-pDNA) complexes via a sedimentation mechanism and can enhance the transfection efficiencies of pDNA alone when surface functionalized with amine groups. The silicalite nanoparticles have a mean size of 55 nm. Functionalizing the silicalite nanoparticles with amine groups results in a clear transition in zeta potential from -25.9 ± 2.3 mV (pH 7.4) for unfunctionalized silicalite nanoparticles to 4.9 ± 0.7 mV (pH 7.4) for amine functionalized silicalite nanoparticles. We identify that silicalite nanoparticles used to promote non-viral vector acceleration to the cell surface are found in acidic vesicles or the cytoplasm but not the nucleus. An MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay showed that the silicalite nanoparticles were non-toxic at the concentrations tested for transfection. We show that surface functionalization of silicalite nanoparticles with amine groups results in a significant (230%) increase in transfection efficiency of pDNA when compared to unfunctionalized silicalite nanoparticles. Silicalite nanoparticles enhanced pDNA-PEI induced transfection of human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells by over 150%.
Density of electron-beam-induced amorphous carbon deposits (2005)

We have measured the density of amorphous carbon (a-C) prepared using electron-beam-induced deposition with a nanotube cantilever. The a-C mass was proportional to the deposition time for all experimental conditions. The measured density ranged from 0.29to0.88g∕cm3 depending on the electron-beam conditions. Density increased with increasing acceleration voltage and beam current. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of the effects of acceleration voltage and beam current on the temperature of the growing surface and the lifetime of the precursor.
Splicing in the RNA World (2012)

• Alternative splicing is a key element of eukaryotic gene expression. • Almost all polymerase II transcripts are alternatively spliced. • RNA is chemically and structurally more flexible than DNA, and can act as a catalyst. • RNA is an active player in mediating genetic information, not just a static messenger. • Almost the entire human genome is transcribed into RNA and new classes of noncoding RNA molecules are emerging. • The number of diseases known to be associated with alternative splicing is steadily increasing.
Conflict resolution in multi-agent systems with typed relations for ontology population (2016)

The paper presents a conflict resolution algorithm for multi-agent systems with agents connected by relations of different types and worth. The result of conflict resolution is a conflict-free set of agents. We apply this algorithm for the ambiguity resolution problem in ontology population based on multiagent natural language text analysis.
Invariance control of normal forms with input driven internal dynamics (2001)

This paper addresses the problem of making a given state space region positively invariant while guaranteeing global exponential stability for a class of systems with reduced relative degree in normal form where the control variable appears in the internal dynamics. The linear subsystem is globally exponentially stabilized by a dissipativity approach. This allows the freedom to switch one control parameter at arbitrary times which is used to control a state space region positively invariant. A design method for the resulting invariance controller and the state space region is presented. The presented theory is evaluated by simulations of a peaking system.
Comparison of Partial Coherence Interferometers: ACMaster Versus Laboratory Prototype (2006)

The ACMaster is a user-friendly device that enables axial anterior segment biometry using the partial coherence interferometry technique with a reproducibility similar to that of the original laboratory prototype.
Multiple Functional ECG Signal is Processing for Wearable Applications of Long-Term Cardiac Monitoring (2010)

In this paper, an integrated electrocardiogram (ECG) signal-processing scheme is proposed. Using a systematic wavelet transform algorithm, this signal-processing scheme can realize multiple functions in real time, including baseline-drift removal, noise suppression, QRS detection, heart beat rate prediction and classification, and clean ECG reconstruction. Utilizing the novel low-cost hardware architecture, the proposed ECG signal-processing scheme is implemented in application-specific integrated circuits with 0.18 μ m CMOS technology. This ECG signal-processor chip achieves low area and power consumptions, and is highly suitable for wearable applications of long-term cardiac monitoring.
Facile one-step synthesis of magnesium-doped ZnO nanoparticles: optical properties and their device applications (2013)

In this study, magnesium-doped (Mg-doped) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a sonochemical process under mild conditions. The x-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles maintain a wurtzite structure without impurities. We observed a blue-shift of the bandgap of the Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles as the Mg-doping ratio increased. We also fabricated thin-film transistor (TFT) devices with the doped-ZnO nanoparticles. Devices using Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles as a channel layer showed insensibility to white-light irradiation compared with undoped ZnO TFTs.
Visualization of Steam Addition Effect on OH Distribution in a Flame by Isotope Shift/Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (IS/PLIF) Spectroscopy (2004)

Addition of steam to a flame has important implications in the combustion process. The dissociation of the added steam (e.g., H2O↔H+OH, etc.) is one of the effects that contribute to the production of radical species, such as OH, H, and O, in the flame. In order to distinctly visualize two types of OH radicals produced from the fuel-air combustion reaction and that from the dissociation reaction with the added steam, we have developed a new method for planar laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with isotope shift (herein called IS/PLIF spectroscopy). This technique has been applied to examine a methane-oxygen-nitrogen premixed flame. Two-dimensional fluorescence intensity distributions of OH radicals in the flames were monitored under three different conditions. They include without steam addition, with H2O steam addition, and with D2O steam addition. From the experimental data obtained under the three conditions, the distinction between the two types of OH radicals could be obtained. The results showed that steam addition reduced the total concentration of OH produced from the combustion and dissociation reactions and that the dissociation reaction of the added steam contributed to the production of OH. Furthermore, the results indicated that the percentage decrease in OH from fuel-air combustion reactions due to the temperature decrease effect with steam addition was almost independent of the equivalence ratio during combustion. In contrast, the percentage increase in OH produced from dissociation reaction with the steam depended on the equivalence ratio.
Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling of Topics in Time-Stamped Documents (2009)

We consider the problem of inferring and modeling topics in a sequence of documents with known publication dates. The documents at a given time are each characterized by a topic and the topics are drawn from a mixture model. The proposed model infers the change in the topic mixture weights as a function of time. The details of this general framework may take different forms, depending on the specifics of the model. For the examples considered here, we examine base measures based on independent multinomial-Dirichlet measures for representation of topic-dependent word counts. The form of the hierarchical model allows efficient variational Bayesian inference, of interest for large-scale problems. We demonstrate results and make comparisons to the model when the dynamic character is removed, and also compare to latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and Topics over Time (TOT). We consider a database of Neural Information Processing Systems papers as well as the US Presidential State of the Union addresses from 1790 to 2008.
Do Convnets Learn Correspondence? (2014)

Convolutional neural nets (convnets) trained from massive labeled datasets have substantially improved the state-of-the-art in image classification and object detection. However, visual understanding requires establishing correspondence on a finer level than object category. Given their large pooling regions and training from whole-image labels, it is not clear that convnets derive their success from an accurate correspondence model which could be used for precise localization. In this paper, we study the effectiveness of convnet activation features for tasks requiring correspondence. We present evidence that convnet features localize at a much finer scale than their receptive field sizes, that they can be used to perform intraclass alignment as well as conventional hand-engineered features, and that they outperform conventional features in keypoint prediction on objects from PASCAL VOC 2011.
Rhodium(III) Aqua Ion Salts of Ambivalent Self Assembled Superanion Capsules (2000)

The self assembled superanionic capsule [{Na+⊂(18-crown-6)(OH2)2}⊂{(p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene4−)2}]7− (X7−) forms a 1:1 crystalline complex with dinuclear [Rh2(μ-OH)2(H2O)8]4+ when the cation is treated with sodium p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and 18-crown-6 at pH 2. The overall composition of the crystalline solid is [Rh2(μ-OH)2(H2O)8][X + 3 H+]·11.5H2O. Treatment of a complex mixture of polynuclear rhodium(III) aqua ions in perchloric acid with excess sodium p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and 18-crown-6 at pH 2, results in selective retrieval of the tri- and tetranuclear rhodium(III) species in a single 1:1 co-crystallised phase, isolated as the hydrate salt with overall composition [Rh3(μ-OH)4(H2O)10][Rh4(μ-OH)6(H2O)12][2 X + 3 H+][Na(H2O)(ClO4)]2·27H2O. The tri- and tetranuclear Rh cations both have a cyclic structure with μ-hydroxide and terminal water ligands. Despite the differences in cation charge and size both complexes show the same arrangement of polynuclear cations and superanions although the trimer/tetramer complex shows additional coordination of a second Na centre by the calixarenes. At pH 0.35 the reaction leads to the selective retrieval of the tetranuclear cation in the complex [Rh4(μ-OH)6(H2O)12][X + {X − 2 H2O} + 8 H+]·33H2O, where a second type of dehydrated superanion is found, where the two sodium bound water molecules have been replaced by O-centres of calixarene sulfonate groups, illustrating the versatile nature of the superanion chemistry.
Corona in atmospheric air between negative point and plane electrodes (2004)

The phenomena of corona between negative point and plane electrodes in atmospheric air have been found to consist of Trichel pulses above onset. Results of experimental investigations on negative point plane corona in air at atmospheric pressure for DC voltage applications are reported in this paper. The diameter of the hemispherical tip used in these investigations varied from 1.0 mm to 5.15 mm and the different materials used for the negative electrode were stainless steel, brass, copper and silver plated brass (25 /spl mu/m thickness). The gap distance range was 20 mm to 40 mm. In all these experiments, the time duration of Trichel pulses was found to consist of a range of values for corona currents even very close to onset. Further, the range of magnitude of Trichel pulse frequencies after corona inception for a silver plated brass electrode of dia 1.0 mm has been observed to be of much lower magnitude than observed for stainless steel and brass electrodes of tip diameter 1.2 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively.
Bifidobacterially produced, C18:3 and C18:4 conjugated fatty acids exhibit in vitro anti‐carcinogenic and anti‐microbial activity (2016)

Conjugated fatty acid (CFA)s have shown a range of in vitro and in vivo bioactivities prompting increased endeavours both to identify novel sources and to characterize their properties. Strains of bifidobacteria possess the capacity to produce a range of CFAs including conjugated α‐linolenic acid (CLNA), conjugated γ‐linolenic acid (CGLA), and conjugated stearidonic acid (CSA), and in the current study these CFA were assessed for anti‐proliferative activity using the SW480 colon cancer cell line. Additionally, these fatty acids were also assessed for inhibitory activity against select gastro‐intestinal pathogens and potential probiotic CFA producers. The results demonstrated that the CFA displayed greater inhibitory activity against the SW480 cells than a normal fetal human colonic cell line (FHC), suggesting selective anti‐proliferative potential in vitro. Studies into the mechanism behind this inhibitory activity indicated potential roles for increased cellular lipid peroxidation, altered cellular phospholipid composition, and reductions in the cellular content of Bcl‐2. Microbiological studies also demonstrated that the CFA displayed inhibitory activity against selected pathogens, while CFA producing bifodobacteria remained unaffected. CFAs were particularly effective in the inhibition of the methicillin resistant strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300. Practical applications: We have demonstrated that bifidobacterially produced C18:3 and C18:4 CFAs may have potential in the control of colon cancer. Additionally, their inhibitory properties against common gastrointestinal pathogens (particularly the methicillin resistant strain S. aureus ATCC 43300) and not potential probiotic CFA producing bifidobacteria may indicate further therapeutic potential or a metabolic process that gives CFA producing microbes a competitive advantage in the complex environment that is the gastrointestinal tract. Strains of bifidobacteria such as Bifidobacterium breve DPC 6330 possess the capacity to bioconvert α‐linolenic, γ‐linolenic, and stearidonic acids to their conjugated derivatives under fermentative conditions. In vitro bioassays have indicated that these conjugated derivatives possess anti‐microbial activity, particularly against microbial pathogens including Staphyloccus aureus , and anti‐carcinogenic properties against colonic cancer cell lines such as SW480.
Observation of Morphologies in Ti Films after Deformations of Ti-coated (011)[100] Si-steel Single Crystals (2002)

In order to clarify the crack morphology after 180° bend-forming and bulge press-forming of Ti films deposited on (011)[100] single crystal of silicon steel, Ti coating by the hollow cathode discharge (HCD) method was done on polished single crystal sheets, and then the Ti-coated samples were 180° bend-formed or bulge press-formed, and then observed by the scanning electron microscope.Ti-coated silicon steel of (011)[100] single crystal sample showed no distinctive crack in Ti films on steel sheet, on which slip lines at intervals of 15μm to the [1210]Ti direction could be observed in a rectangular-like morphology 1025μm in width and 1560μm in length.The slip morphology of bulge press-forming of Ti films was different from that of 180° bend-forming; the former process produced slips and kinks but no distinctive cracks due to the creation of of a complicated slip systems arising from areal deformation, and the latter process produced fine single slips due to the creation of a single system arising from unidirectional deformation.
Silicon monophosphides with controlled size and crystallinity for enhanced lithium anodic performance (2020)

New electrode materials are crucial to high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Silicon monophosphides (SiPs), composed of silicon and phosphorus, have a very high theoretical capacity (3060 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>), which is more than 8 times that of graphite (372 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>). The two-dimensional structure of SiPs also benefits ion transportation and diffusion. In this work, the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method is employed to synthesize SiPs for LIB anodes, and the lithium storage capacity co-affected by size and crystallinity is investigated using controllably synthesized thin belts and bulk crystals. The SiPs prepared by the high-temperature iodine-assisted CVT method have a belt-like morphology about 72 nm thick. After 200 cycles, the stable capacity is about 615 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at 100 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, and a reversible capacity of ∼320 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> is achieved at a high current density of 5.0 A g<sup>-1</sup>. In contrast, the micrometer-thick bulk SiP crystals cannot provide efficient lithium ion extraction. Moreover, the smaller and thinner SiPs obtained at a lower temperature show abnormally high mass transport resistance and low lithium ion diffusivity. These results demonstrate that SiPs are promising LIB anode materials, and the size and crystallinity are closely related to the anodic performance. This new knowledge is valuable for the development of high-performance LIBs.
Analysis of C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large international cohort of dementia with Lewy bodies (2016)

C9orf72 repeat expansions are a common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. To date, no large-scale study of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been undertaken to assess the role of C9orf72 repeat expansions in the disease. Here, we investigated the prevalence of C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large cohort of DLB cases and identified no pathogenic repeat expansions in neuropathologically or clinically defined cases, showing that C9orf72 repeat expansions are not causally associated with DLB.
ANALYSIS OF THE GENERATION OF PHOTON PAIRS IN PERIODICALLY POLED LITHIUM NIOBATE (2006)

The process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear crystals makes it fairly easy to generate entangled photon states. It has been known for some time that the conversion efficiency can be improved by employing quasi-phase-matching in periodically poled crystals. Using two single-photon detectors, we have analyzed the photon pairs generated by SPDC in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal pumped by a femtosecond laser. Several parameters could be varied in our setup, allowing us to obtain data in close agreement with both thermal and Poissonian photon-pair distributions.
A Grammar Inference Algorithm for the World Wide Web (2002)

The World Wide Web is a treasure trove of information. The Web&amp;apos;s sheer scale makes automatic location and extraction of information appealing. However, much of the information lies buried in documents designed for human consumption, such as home pages or product catalogs. Before software agents can extract nuggets of information from Web documents, they have to be able to recognize it despite the multitude of formats in which it may appear. In this paper, we take a machine learning approach to the problem. We explain why existing grammar inference techniques face difficulties in this domain, present a new technique, and demonstrate its success on examples drawn from the Web ranging from CMU Tech Report codes to bus schedules. Our algorithm is shown to learn target languages found on the Web in significantly fewer examples than previous methods. In addition, our algorithm is guaranteed to learn in the limit, and runs in time O(|S| 4 ), where |S| is the size of the sample. Introduction...
Circulating immune complexes during immunotherapy in allergy to dog (1989)

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were determined from dog-allergic asthmatic children (n = 35) receiving immunotherapy with dog dander and hair extract. The results from CIC are expressed in SDU (standard deviation units) and presented as follows: pretreatment results (n = 20), rush results (n = 11), mid-schedule results (n = 20), maintenance results (n = 15) and the results of the placebo-treated group (n = 12). The results of the placebo-treated group (n = 12) and those of the untreated atopic (n = 12) and non-atopic (n = 14) were controls. CIC levels were analysed by means of KgB-ELISA (conglutinin binding enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), C1qB-ELISA (C1q-binding enzyme linked immunososrbent assay), RFb-ELISA (rheumatoid factor binding enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and by PIPA (platelet 125J-labelled staphylococcal protein-A test). The CIC level determined by KgB-ELISA in dog-allergic asthmatic children was higher than that of the atopic controls (P less than 0.05) already before the onset of the hyposensitization. During conventional hyposensitization with dog dander and hair the CIC level remained the same as before treatment. On day 5 of rush hyposensitization the mean level of CIC showed no increase when compared with the pretreatment values. A statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.01) was observed between the dog dander and hair-specific IgG antibodies and the CIC level measured by KgB-ELISA during the maintenance period of conventional immunotherapy. The samples of sera to measure this correlation were collected before the injection of allergen and after 2 weeks of injection during maintenance treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)