gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide synthase 3 deficiency limits adverse ventricular remodeling after pressure overload in insulin resistance (2011)

Insulin resistance (IR) and systemic hypertension are independently associated with heart failure. We reported previously that nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) has a beneficial effect on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function after pressure-overload in mice. The aim of our study was to investigate the interaction of IR and NOS3 in pressure-overload-induced LV remodeling and dysfunction. Wild-type (WT) and NOS3-deficient (NOS3(-/-)) mice were fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce IR. After 9 days of diet, mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC). LV structure and function were assessed serially using echocardiography. Cardiomyocytes were isolated, and levels of oxidative stress were evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Cardiac mitochondria were isolated, and mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were measured. TAC induced LV remodeling and dysfunction in all mice. The TAC-induced decrease in LV function was greater in SD-fed NOS3(-/-) mice than in SD-fed WT mice. In contrast, HFD-fed NOS3(-/-) developed less LV remodeling and dysfunction and had better survival than did HFD-fed WT mice. Seven days after TAC, oxidative stress levels were lower in cardiomyocytes from HFD-fed NOS3(-/-) than in those from HFD-fed WT. N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and mitochondrial inhibitors (rotenone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone) decreased oxidative stress levels in cardiomyocytes from HFD-fed WT mice. Mitochondrial respiration was altered in NOS3(-/-) mice but did not worsen after HFD and TAC. In contrast with its protective role in SD, NOS3 increases LV adverse remodeling after pressure overload in HFD-fed, insulin resistant mice. Interactions between NOS3 and mitochondria may be responsible for increased oxidative stress levels in HFD-fed WT mice hearts.
Deep CEST MRI: 9.4T spectral super-resolution from 3T CEST MRI data (2018)

CEST peaks are easy to detect at ultra-high-field strengths due to high signal and spectral separation. However, spectral coalescence and line broadening makes modeling of CEST effects at clinical field strengths (&lt;=3T) a challenge. In this proof-of-concept study of super-resolution CEST imaging, the underlying spectral features of 3T Z-spectra were predicted using a neural network trained on 9.4T data. Applying the neural network to untrained volunteer and patient data acquired at 3T resulted in the expected contrast in healthy gray and white matter and tumor tissue in Z-spectra and APT, NOE, and MT CEST maps.
Radioguided surgery with β radiation: a novel application with Ga68 (2018)

Radio Guided Surgery is a technique helping the surgeon in the resection of tumors: a radiolabeled tracer is administered to the patient before surgery and then the surgeon evaluates the completeness of the resection with a handheld detector sensitive to emitted radiation. Established methods rely on γ emitting tracers coupled with γ detecting probes. The efficacy of this technique is however hindered by the high penetration of γ radiation, limiting its applicability to low background conditions. To overtake such limitations, a novel approach to RGS has been proposed, relying on β<sup>-</sup> emitting isotopes together with a dedicated β probe. This technique has been proved to be effective in first ex-vivo trials. We discuss in this paper the possibility to extend its application cases to <sup>68</sup>Ga, a β<sup>+</sup> emitting isotope widely used today in nuclear medicine. To this aim, a retrospective study on 45 prostatic cancer patients was performed, analysing their <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA PET images to asses if the molecule uptake is enough to apply this technique. Despite the expected variability both in terms of SUV (median 4.1, IQR 3.0-6.1) and TNR (median 9.4, IQR 5.2-14.6), the majority of cases have been found to be compatible with β-RGS with reasonable injected activity and probing time (5 s).
Peak shape analysis in sedimentation field-flow fractionation (1991)

Peak shape effects in sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SFFF) are investigated by Edgeworth-Cramer (EC) least-squares peak profile fitting, numerical integration, and graphical analysis. The use of an EC series expansion procedure with regard to the description of an SFFF process is discussed. The onset of nonlinear effects and secondary-order phenomena such as steric contributions in the normal SFFF elution mode and injected sample overloading are detected by means of the EC series expansions through fitting patterns and statistical peak shape parameter analysis. It has been found that, under ideal conditions of monodisperse sample analysis, current SFFF instrumentation produce symmetric peaks with skewness values as low as 0.2, leading to accurate particle parameter estimations. Therefore, peak shape markers are a complementary check for detecting mixed elution processes, overloading effects, or polydispersity contributions that could affect the accuracy of particle parameter estimations. Peak shape analysis is generally able to allow for the unbiased determination of peak parameters at the onset of a steric contribution in the normal elution mode. Fast, handy rules are given for checking "pure" normal elution modes and the extent of bias on retention parameters.
Screening Screeners: Calculating Classification Indices Using Correlations and Cut-points (2020)

Given the recent push for universal screening, it is important to take into account how well the screener identifies children as well as what contributes to this classification based on screener and sample information. If we assume a bivariate normal distribution, we can calculate all of the classification information for a screener based on the correlation between the screener and outcome, the cut-point on the outcome (base rate in sample), and the cut-point on the screener. We provide an example with empirical data to validate these estimation procedures. This information is put together in a free online tool that provides classification information for a given correlation between screener and outcome and cut-points on each. Through this we can see that the correlation between the screener and outcome needs to be very high, greater than .9 (higher than observed in practice) to obtain good classification. These findings are important for researchers, administrators, and practitioners because our current screeners don’t meet these requirements. Since a correlation is dependent on the reliability of the measures involved, we need screeners with better reliability and the use of multiple measures to increase reliability. Additionally, we demonstrate the impact of base rate on positive predictive power and discuss how gated screening can be useful in samples with low base rates.
Effects of fatty acids on gap junctional communication: Possible role in tumor promotion by dietary fat (1987)

Dietary lipids, in particular unsaturated fat, promote the development of many experimental tumors. However, no mechanisms to fully explain these effects have been elucidated. Recent reports, which we summarize here, suggest a role for gap junction-mediated intercellular communication in the process of tumor promotion. We also review tumor-promoting effects of dietary fat on experimental, particularly mammary, carcinogenesis. Our main focus is to review recent data examining the inhibitory effects of unsaturated fatty acids on metabolic cooperation in Chinese hamster V79 cells. These data suggest that inhibition of junctional communication may be involved mechanistically in the promotion of tumors by high levels of dietary unsaturated fat. Finally, potential mechanisms by which unsaturated fatty acids inhibit metabolic cooperation are examined.
Identification and Characterization of NeuB3 from Campylobacter jejuni as a Pseudaminic Acid Synthase (2005)

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the main causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori is known to cause duodenal ulcers. In all of these pathogenic organisms, the flagellin proteins are heavily glycosylated with a 2-keto-3-deoxy acid, pseudaminic acid (5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonulosonic acid). The presence of pseudaminic acid is required for the proper development of the flagella and is thereby necessary for motility in, and invasion of, the host. In this study we report the first characterization of NeuB3 from C. jejuni as a pseudaminic acid synthase; the enzyme directly responsible for the biosynthesis of pseudaminic acid. Pseudaminic acid synthase catalyzes the condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) with the hexose, 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-L-altrose (6-deoxy-AltdiNAc), to form pseudaminic acid and phosphate. The enzymatic activity was monitored using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and the product was isolated and characterized. Kinetic analysis reveals that pseudaminic acid synthase requires the presence of a divalent metal ion for catalysis and that optimal catalysis occurs at pH 7.0. A coupled enzymatic assay gave the values for k(cat) of 0.65 +/- 0.01 s(-1), K(m)PEP of 6.5 +/- 0.4 microM, and K(m)6-deoxy-AltdiNAc of 9.5 +/- 0.7 microM. A mechanistic study on pseudaminic acid synthase, using [2-18O]PEP, shows that catalysis proceeds through a C-O bond cleavage mechanism similar to other PEP condensing synthases such as sialic acid synthase.
The Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Diclofenac Potentiates the In Vivo Activity of Caspofungin Against Candida albicans Biofilms (2012)

In this study, we demonstrated that in vitro Candida albicans biofilms grown in the presence of diclofenac showed increased susceptibility to caspofungin. These findings were further confirmed using a catheter-associated biofilm model in rats. C. albicans-inoculated catheters retrieved from rats that were treated with both diclofenac and caspofungin contained significantly fewer biofilm cells and showed no visible biofilms inside the catheter lumens, as documented by scanning electron microscopy, as compared to catheters retrieved from rats receiving only caspofungin or diclofenac. This report indicates that diclofenac could be useful in combination therapy with caspofungin to treat C. albicans biofilm-associated infections.
Modeling of radio‐frequency induced currents on lead wires during MR imaging using a modified transmission line method (2011)

A novel method was developed to define the RF heating properties of implant leads with two parameters and analyze the induced currents on implant leads that are exposed to electromagnetic fields in a lossy medium during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Some simple cases are examined to explain the MoTLiM and a basis is formed for the analysis of complex cases. The method presented shows the direct relationship between the incident RF field and the induced currents. In addition, the MoTLiM reveals the RF heating properties of the implant leads in terms of the physical features of the lead and electrical properties of the medium.
Frequency, efficiency, and physical characteristics of predation by generalist predators of brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) eggs (2016)

• The native natural enemy community of Halyomorpha halys in the US is not well-documented. • We systematically categorized damage to and main predators of H. halys egg masses. • Egg damage consisted of complete or incomplete chewing, and stylet or punctured sucking. • The main predators were Tettigoniidae, Carabidae, Gryllidae, and to a lesser extent, Salticidae. The native generalist predator community of Halyomorpha halys , an invasive species in the United States and Europe, has not been well defined to date. The aims of the current study were to determine whether generalist predators that are commonly found in mid-Atlantic orchards and vegetable crops are capable of feeding on H. halys eggs and, if so, to systematically characterize the appearance of feeding damage in order to link it to sentinel egg mass surveys. Over 25 field-collected and commercially available arthropod predator taxa, including adults and immatures, were evaluated as potential predators of H. halys eggs in laboratory trials, and a photographic library of egg mass damage was developed. In addition, over 400 sentinel egg masses were deployed in tree fruit and vegetable crops, and direct observations were made of predator taxa in situ. We found that the most frequent and efficient predators of H. halys eggs were katydids and ground beetles, and to a lesser extent earwigs, jumping spiders, and crickets. Egg damage for each taxon studied was ascribed to one of four egg damage syndromes: complete chewing, incomplete chewing, stylet sucking, and punctured sucking. The first two are caused by predators with chewing mouthparts and are differentiated by the presence of irregular chorion debris left behind in the case of incomplete chewing compared with nothing left behind or an entire segment of the egg mass completely removed for complete chewing. The latter two are caused by predators with piercing/sucking mouthparts or chelicerae and are separable by the presence of a feeding sheath for stylet sucking compared to a simple hole or slit in otherwise hollowed eggs for punctured sucking via chelicerae. Complete and incomplete chewing were the two feeding syndromes most frequently documented in the field and with the greatest number of eggs consumed per egg mass. Taxa evaluated in laboratory trials were reliably found in tree fruit and vegetable crops. Overall, our work contributes to the identification of key egg mass predators of H. halys in specialty crop agroecosytems.
The genetic element pSSVx of the extremely thermophilic crenarchaeon <i>Sulfolobus</i> is a hybrid between a plasmid and a virus (1999)

A new Sulfolobus islandicus strain, REY15/4, harboured both a novel fusellovirus, SSV2, and a small plasmid, pSSVx. The plasmid spread in S. solfataricus P1 together with the virus after infection with either the supernatant of a culture of REY15/4 or purified virus. Spreading of the plasmid required co-transfection with either SSV2 or the related SSV1 as helpers. Virus purified from REY15/4 constituted a mixture of two sizes of particles, one with the dimensions of a normal fusellovirus and the other smaller. Cloned SSV2 produced only the larger particles and only SSV2 DNA, indicating that the smaller particles contained pSSVx packaged into capsids made up of SSV2 components. The 5.7 kb genome of pSSVx revealed regions of high sequence similarity to the cryptic Sulfolobales plasmids pRN1, pRN2 and pDL10. Thus, pSSVx belongs to the family of pRN plasmids that share a highly conserved region, which probably constitutes the minimal replicon. They also contain a variable region showing no sequence similarity. In pSSVx, this region contains three open reading frames (ORFs), two of which are juxtapositioned and show high sequence similarity to a tandem of ORFs in fusellovirus genomes. Neither pRN1 nor pRN2, which lack this tandem, spread in the presence of the fuselloviruses, which implies that the sequences of these ORFs enable pSSVx to use the packaging system of the viral helpers for spreading.
Binary mask optimization for forward lithography based on the boundary layer model in coherent systems (2009)

Recently, a set of generalized gradient-based optical proximity correction (OPC) optimization methods have been developed to solve for the forward and inverse lithography problems under the thin-mask assumption, where the mask is considered a thin 2D object. However, as the critical dimension printed on the wafer shrinks into the subwavelength regime, thick-mask effects become prevalent, and thus these effects must be taken into account in OPC optimization methods. OPC methods derived under the thin-mask assumption have inherent limitations and perform poorly in the subwavelength regime. This paper focuses on developing model-based forward binary mask optimization methods that account for the thick-mask effects of coherent imaging systems. The boundary layer (BL) model is exploited to simplify and characterize the thick-mask effects, leading to a model-based OPC method. The BL model is simpler than other thick-mask models, treating the near field of the mask as the superposition of the interior transmission areas and the boundary layers. The advantages and limitations of the proposed algorithm are discussed, and several illustrative simulations are presented.
Multi-Layer and Conformally Integrated Structurally Embedded Vascular Antenna (SEVA) Arrays (2021)

This work presents the design and fabrication of two multi-element structurally embedded vascular antennas (SEVAs). These are achieved through advances in additively manufactured sacrificial materials and demonstrate the ability to embed vascular microchannels in both planar and complex-curved epoxy-filled quartz fiber structural composite panels. Frequency-reconfigurable antennas are formed by these structures through the pressure-driven transport of liquid metal through the embedded microchannels. The planar multi-layer topology examines the ability to fabricate two co-located radiating structures separated by a single ply of quartz fabric within the composite layup. The multi-element linear array topology composed of microchannels embedded on to a single-layer are used to demonstrate the ability to conformally-integrate these channels into a complex curved surface that mimics an array of antennas on the leading edge of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). A parallel-strip antipodal dipole feed structure provides excitation and serves as the interface for fluid displacement within the microchannels to facilitate reconfiguration. The nominal design of the SEVAs achieve over a decade of frequency reconfiguration with respect to the fundamental dipole mode of the antenna. Experimental and predicted results demonstrate the operation for canonical states of the antennas. Additional results for the array topology demonstrate beam steering and contiguous operation of interconnected elements in the multi-element structure.
Input shaping control with reentry commands of prescribed duration (2013)

Control of flexible mechanical structures often deals with the problem of unwanted vibration. The input shaping is a&#13;\nfeedforwardmethod based on modification of the input signal so that the output performs the demanded behaviour.&#13;\nThe presented approach is based on a finite-time Laplace transform. It leads to no-vibration control signal without&#13;\nany limitations on its time duration because it is not strictly connected to the system resonant frequency. This idea&#13;\nused for synthesis of control input is extended to design of dynamical shaper with reentry property that transform&#13;\nan arbitrary input signal to the signal that cause no vibration. All these theoretical tasks are supported by the results&#13;\nof simulation experiments.
Electrochemistry in Liquid Ammonia. VII. Halonitrobenzenes. (1983)

Etude par voltammetrie cyclique et coulometrie a potentiel controle de la reduction d'(halogeno nitro) benzenes dans l'ammoniac liquide KI sur une electrode de platine
Modeling Visual Features to Recognize Biological Motion: A Developmental Approach (2015)

In this work we deal with the problem of designing and developing computational vision models – comparable to the early stages of the human development – using coarse low-level information. More specifically, we consider a binary classification setting to characterize biological movements with respect to non-biological dynamic events. To this purpose, our model builds on top of the optical flow estimation, and abstract the representation to simulate the limited amount of visual information available at birth. We take inspiration from known biological motion regularities explained by the Two-Thirds Power Law, and design a motion representation that includes different low-level features, which can be interpreted as the computational counterpart of the elements involved in the law. Our reference application is human-machine interaction, thus the experimental analysis is conducted on a set of videos depicting two different subjects performing a repertoire of dynamic gestures typical of such a setting (e.g. lifting an object, pointing, ...). Two slightly different viewpoints are considered. The contribution of our work is twofold. First, we show that the effects of the Two-Thirds Power Law can be appreciates on a video analysis setting. Second, we prove that, although the coarse motion representation, our model allows us to reach biological motion classification performances (around 89%) which are reminiscent of the abilities of very young babies. Moreover, our model shows tolerance to view-point changes.
The role of monocytes/macrophages in immunopathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (2002)

Hantaviruses cause two severe human illnesses, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Several studies support the view that HFRS/HPS are immunological mediated diseases. Monocytes/macrophages have the important role in the hantaviral spread from the primary site of infection. Until now, there is lack of evidence about the immune mechanisms in human monocytes activation. Our recent in vitro findings revealed that upon the infection of monocytes/macrophages with HFRS- and HPS-causing viruses they produced beta chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5). Simultaneous gene expression of their receptors (CCR1 and CCR5) suggested that produced chemokines might have not only paracrine, but also autocrine effect. Further research of the signaling pathways, may help us in better understanding of HFRS/HPS immunopathogenesis. We also found that HTV are capable of initiating dendritic cell (DC)-like differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes upon the infection with HFRS- and HPS-causing viruses. DC are key players in induction and regulation of T cell responses. The presence of DC within the skin, the blood and partially within the mucosal surfaces identifies them as one of the cell populations with most likely to have the earliest contact with viruses during infection. Thus, DC may not be only involved in triggering primary antiviral immune reactions, but also in the propagation of viral infection and contribute to the pathogenesis of viral disease. In our ongoing research we try to reach the role of possible circulating blood DC in HFRS patients.
Pulmonary Exposure to Soluble Cell Wall β(l, 3)-Glucan of <i>Aspergillus</i> Induces Proinflammatory Response in MICE (2009)

Compared to the significant immunomodulation of cell wall component(s) of bacterium such as lipopolysaccharide (E. Coli), that of pathogenic fungi has not been well elucidated, especially in vivo. Furthermore, although it has been implied that beta-(1, 3)-glucan of fungi possesses various biological activities, the impacts of the component have not been properly clarified, possibly due to its insolubility in water and alkali solutions. Previously, we isolated a soluble type of beta-(1, 3) -glucan from Aspergillus (referred to as ASBG). The present study investigated the effects of a single pulmonary exposure to ASBG on the immune (proinflammatory) responses in naïve mice. ASBG (12.5-100micorg/animal) exposure Induced neutrophilic lung inflammation with an enhanced local expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta and chemokines such as macrophage inflammatory protein -1a, and keratinocyte-derived chemoattractant in a dose-dependent fashion with overall trends. On the other hand, ASBG at relatively lower doses significantly amplified the lung expression of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 as compared with vehicle. ASBG significantly induced pulmonary edema. Furthermore, ASBG augmented the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-kB and its binding capacity to the promoter site of DNA in the lung homogenate. These results suggest that pulmonary exposure to ASBG confers lung inflammation, at least partly, via the enhanced local expression of proinflammatory cytokines, likely through NF-kB-dependent pathway.