gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2P1-C07 Object recognition system based on integration of multiple visual cues for a knowledge based humanoid robot (2007)

This paper describes object recognition system based on multiple visual cue integration for knowledge based humanoid robot system. The knowledge used in this system is also referenced by a motion generation planner in our system, which enables us to realize simple description of behavior generation and visual verification tasks. Finally we shows vision based tea serving tasks by a humanoid robot in a real environment.
Aging Studies of Sr-Doped LaCrO[sub 3]∕YSZ∕Pt Cells for an Electrochemical NO[sub x] Sensor (2006)

The stability and sensing performance of electrochemical cells of the structure Sr-doped (LSC)/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/Pt are being investigated for use in aftertreatment systems in diesel vehicles. Among the requirements for sensor materials in these systems are stability and long lifetime (up to ) in the exhaust environment. In this study, cell aging effects were explored following extended exposure to a test environment of 10% at operating temperatures of . The data show that aging results in changes in particle morphology, chemical composition, and interfacial structure. Impedance spectroscopy indicates an initial increase in the cell resistance during the early stages of aging, which is correlated principally to densification of the Pt electrode. Also, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates formation of solid-state reaction product in the LSC, a process which is of finite duration. Subsequently, the overall cell resistance decreases with aging time, due in part to roughening of YSZ–LSC interface, which improves interface adherence and enhances charge transfer kinetics at the gas phase/YSZ/LSC triple-phase boundary. This study constitutes a first step in the development of a basic understanding of aging phenomena in solid-state electrochemical systems with applications not only to sensors, but also to fuel cells, membranes, and electrolyzers.
Monte Carlo simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing for evaluation of reliability of integrated energy systems (2017)

We examine models and methods for reliability evaluation of Integrated Energy Systems (IESs), in which energy is supplied in electrical, thermal and chemical form. Such reliability analysis may be carried out by analytical methods or by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. MCS treats the problem by performing a large set of experiments: reliability indices are estimated by simulating the random failure behavior of the system. We applied MCS to a sample case of IES, focusing on the effect of electrical faults when circuit breakers employ different selectivity schemes. We then performed Hardware In the Loop (HIL) simulations to validate selective action of circuit breakers in different scenarios, evaluating the resulting reliability of the integrated energy system.
Effect of Chemical Composition on the Deformability of Shape‐Memory Epoxies (2011)

Abstract Newly developed shape memory (SM) epoxies are unveiled with an improved deformability range, high strength with intrinsically good thermal and chemical stability, high thermal transition (i.e., SM transformation temperature), and qualitatively excellent SM characteristics, thereby providing a synthetic route for adding attractive properties to commonly used industrial and commodity resins. The impact of chemical composition on the failure strains of these SM epoxies is shown and the resulting SM behavior is discussed. magnified image
Evolutionary constraints on chaperone-mediated folding provide an antiviral approach refractory to development of drug resistance (2007)

The genome diversity of RNA viruses allows for rapid adaptation to a wide variety of adverse conditions. Accordingly, viruses can escape inhibition by most antiviral compounds targeting either viral or host factors. Here we exploited the capacity of RNA viruses for rapid adaptation to explore the evolutionary constraints of chaperone-mediated protein folding. We hypothesized that inhibiting a host molecular chaperone required for folding of a viral protein would force the virus to evolve an alternate folding strategy. We identified the chaperone Hsp90 as an essential factor for folding and maturation of picornavirus capsid proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 impaired the replication of poliovirus, rhinovirus, and coxsackievirus in cell culture. Strikingly, anti-Hsp90 treatment did not yield drug-resistant viruses, suggesting that the complexity of capsid folding precludes the emergence of alternate folding pathways. These results reveal tight evolutionary constraints on chaperone-mediated protein folding, which may be exploited for viral inhibition in vivo. Indeed, Hsp90 inhibitors drastically reduced poliovirus replication in infected animals without the emergence of drug-resistant escape mutants. We propose that targeting folding of viral proteins may provide a general antiviral strategy that is refractory to development of drug resistance.
Reliability characterization and modeling of solid-state drives (2015)

Solid-state Drive (SSD) technology and product reliability is discussed in this paper from the perspective of overall system reliability and memory subsystem reliability. As relatively new but strongly growing segment of the highperformance storage industry, characterization of SSD reliability may be approached and clarified both from empirical system-level evaluations as well as on the basis of fundamental metrics of wear in the memory subsystem. Further, while expectations of solid-state product reliability ma y be viewed from a design standpoint of component and assembly, they require reconciliation with empirical observations of field reliability and test validations. The authors illustrate these various approaches based on reliability characterizations and modeling of SSD products. Based on such characterization data, understanding is developed on the impact of operational and environmental factors, such as, wear in the memory subsystem and temperature impact on product reliability. Reliability modeling based on intrinsic error rates of the memory subsystem across SSD populations is also presented to provide statistical estimates of SSD life based on goodness of fit analysis. Thereby, the authors explore and illustrate new conceptual underpinnings by focusing on specific characterizations and modeling towards comprehensive reliability evaluation of SSD technology and products.
Block copolymers prepared by emulsion polymerization with poly(ethylene oxide)–azo‐initiators (1995)

Abstract Poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(styrene) block copolymers were prepared in the form of latex particles by emulsion polymerization of styrene with poly(ethylene glycol)–azo‐initiators as well as with the redox initiation system poly(ethylene glycol)/Ce 4+ . The emulsion polymerization can be carried out in the absence of additional stabilizers if the chain length of the poly(ethylene glycol) is greater than 40. The latex particles as well as the copolymers were characterized by capillary hydrodynamic fractionation, 13 C‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. By 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy a side reaction of the primary radicals arising from the azo‐initiator was found which can contribute to the low efficiency of azo‐initiators in emulsion polymerization.
Neuropathogenesis of Chimeric Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection In Pig‐tailed and Rhesus Macaques (1997)

We recently reported that a chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIVKU-1) developed in our laboratory caused progressive depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and AIDS within 6 months of inoculation into pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina). None of the pig-tailed macaques showed productive SHIV infection in the central nervous system (CNS). In this report, we show that by further passage of the pathogenic virus in rhesus macaques [M. mulatta], we have derived a new strain of SHIV (SHIVKU-2) that has caused AIDS and productive CNS infection in 3 of 5 rhesus macaques infected with the virus. Productive replication of SHIV in the CNS was clearly shown by high infectivity titers and p27 protein levels in brain homogenates, and in 2 of the 3 rhesus macaques this was associated with disseminated, nodular, demyelinating lesions, including focal multinucleated giant cell reaction, largely confined to the white matter. These findings were reminiscent of HIV-1 associated neurological disease, and our immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization data indicated that the neuropathological lesions were associated with the presence of SHIV-specific viral antigens and nucleic acid respectively. However, the concomitant reactivation of opportunistic infections in these macaques suggested that such pathogens may have influenced the replication of SHIV in the CNS, or modified the neuropathological sequelae of SHIV infection in the rhesus species, but not in pig-tailed macaques. Our findings in the two species of macaques highlight the complexities of lentiviral neuropathogenesis, the precise mechanisms of which are still elusive.
Analysis of Si wafer coated by spin-on-glass for laser ablation ICP-MS (2007)

A method involving laser ablation sector type inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was developed for the direct determination of metal impurities in the spin-on-glass (SOG) layer on a silicon wafer surface. For a reference wafer, the preparation procedure for the SOG layer was re-designed and optimized in a sequence of spiking of known amounts of metal contaminants in SOG chemical (Model: P-MSQ, 5.5% silicon dioxide in polypylene and glycol–dimethyl ether), spin-coating, and baking. Optimization of the procedure affected the contamination levels of metals which were determined by a solution scanning sampling followed by a sector type ICP-MS analysis. For homogeneity study, 74 sectors of the SOG layer were individually scanned using a laboratory-made automatic scanner with a scanning solution. The average contamination levels of each sector were obtained in the range of 1010–1012 atoms cm−2 under optimized conditions. SEM images of craters for LA, each produced by one laser shot (266 nm, 9 mJ per pulse), showed that the depths of the craters were larger than the thickness of the SOG layer, 2350 Å, and the diameter increased with the power and decreased with de-focused beam diameter. Limits of detection of LA-ICP-MS were estimated at ∼109 atoms cm−2 on the Si wafer surface, depending on the element.
Polycations. 6. polycationic heterocyclic salts: Their synthesis and effect on double-stranded DNA (1999)

A new series of compounds, intermediate-sized ring systems in which cationic sites have been incorporated into the primary ring system at heteroatoms, were synthesized by the reaction of α,ω-dihalides with either α,ω-ditertiary amines or an α,ω-ditertiary phosphine. Judicious choice of the reaction conditions allowed these polycationic heterocycles to be generated in excellent yields, whereas prior reported efforts with similar reagents under other reaction conditions have led to only polymeric materials. These heterocyclic polycations exhibit an interaction with double-stranded DNA resulting in a change in the conformation of the DNA as evidenced through the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 10:559–565, 1999
Carbon redistribution during molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs <i>n</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>p</i>+-<i>i</i>-<i>n</i> structures using trimethylgallium as the <i>p</i>-type dopant (1992)

The redistribution of carbon during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of GaAs n-i-p+-i-n structures using silicon and carbon as n-type and p-type dopants, respectively, is shown by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis and electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements. Diffusion of carbon into the surface layer is clearly observed when the carbon concentration in the p+ region exceeds ∼6×1019 cm−3. The data also shows that a significant fraction of the diffused carbon is electrically active.
Energetics of Oxidation in MoS<sub>2</sub>Nanoparticles by Density Functional Theory (2011)

Density functional theory is used to determine the energetics of atomic oxygen substitution in an infinite single MoS2 trilayer and on the edges of six structurally distinct MoS2 nanoparticles. The wide range in the oxidation energy (−0.9 to −2.4 eV) is found to be primarily due to differing degrees of charge transfer between atoms of interest and the resulting variation of the electrostatic energy of the system. For the edges at which no S–S bond is formed, a lower Mo-coordinated site is generally more susceptible to oxygen substitution than a higher Mo coordinated site. For the edges at which a S–S bond is formed, the analyses of projected local electronic density of states suggest that the oxidation energy is a result of both differences in the electrostatic energy and local competition of binding energy of the covalent bonds.
ABC’s of Seat Comfort: A Historical Perspective (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Although subjective measurements are critical for qualifying seat comfort in terms of good or bad, objective measurements are the basis for quantifying these differences and ultimately controlling seat comfort performance through engineering design specs, targets, and/or guidelines. Many objective automotive seat comfort tools and techniques used today are based on methods derived in the past. This paper examines the engineering problems and solutions that make these historical influences relevant today. Particular focus is given to design considerations for the A-surface, B-surface, and the compressed surface of the seating system.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Brief Technical History of the Large-Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) Collaboration (2016)

The Large Area Picosecond PhotoDetector (LAPPD) Collaboration was formed in 2009 to develop large-area photodetectors capable of time resolutions measured in pico-seconds, with accompanying sub-millimeter spatial resolution. During the next three and one-half years the Collaboration developed the LAPPD design of 20 x 20 cm modules with gains greater than $10^7$ and non-uniformity less than $15\%$, time resolution less than 50 psec for single photons and spatial resolution of 700~microns in both lateral dimensions. We describe the R\&D performed to develop large-area micro-channel plate glass substrates, resistive and secondary-emitting coatings, large-area bialkali photocathodes, and RF-capable hermetic packaging. In addition, the Collaboration developed the necessary electronics for large systems capable of precise timing, built up from a custom low-power 15-GigaSample/sec waveform sampling 6-channel integrated circuit and supported by a two-level modular data acquisition system based on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays for local control, data-sparcification, and triggering. We discuss the formation, organization, and technical successes and short-comings of the Collaboration. The Collaboration ended in December 2012 with a transition from R\&D to commercialization.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Biochemical Aspects of Deoxysugars and Deoxysugar Oligosaccharides (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human fetal liver derived stem cell transplantation as supportive modality in the management of end stage decompensated liver cirrhosis (2010)

Liver transplantation is the only existing modality for treating decompensated liver cirrhosis. Several factors, such as nonavailability of donors, combined with operative risks, complications associated with rejection, usage of immunosuppressive agents, and cost intensiveness, make this strategy available to only a few people. With a tremendous upsurge in the mortality rate of patients with liver disorders worldwide, there is a need to search for an alternative therapeutic tool that can combat the above limitations and serve as a supportive therapy in the management of liver diseases. Cell therapy using human fetal liver-derived stem cells can provide great potential to conservatively manage end-stage liver diseases. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to study and prove the safety and efficacy of human fetal liver-derived stem cell transplantation in patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis. Twenty-five patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiologies were infused with human fetal liver-derived stem cells (EpCAM+ve) labeled with Tc-HMPAO through hepatic artery. Our high throughput analysis using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and cellular characterization exemplifies fetal liver cells with their high proliferation rate could be the best source for rejuvenating the diseased liver. Further, no episodes related to hepatic encephalopathy recurred in any of the subjects following hepatic stem cell transplantation. There was marked clinical improvement observed in terms of all clinical and biochemical parameters. Further, there was decrease in mean MELD score (p < 0.01) observed in 6 months follow-up in all patients. Therapy using human fetal liver stem/progenitor cells offers a potentially supportive modality to organ transplantation in the management of liver diseases.
Phase-locking of commercial DFB lasers for distributed optical fiber sensing applications (2011)

The design of a phase/frequency detector-based optical phase-locked loop (PFD-OPLL) capable of locking two commercial semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) lasers for the purpose of making Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis (BOTDA) measurements is presented. Due to the aperiodic nature of the PFD transfer characteristic, the PFDOPLL offers strong acquisition performance without requiring additional acquisition hardware. Design constraints due to laser linewidths are relaxed by choosing a damping factor of 3.5 instead of 0.707. Loop stability is ensured by reducing the loop propagation delay by as much as possible in hardware, and choosing the loop natural frequency such that the loop bandwidth is below the FM phase reversal frequency of the laser. Results show stable lock performance at 11 GHz with a phase noise of -70dBc/Hz at a 100 Hz offset, a capture range of 2.5 GHz and a tuning range of 3.3 GHz. These specifications exceed the performance requirements of a BOTDA system.
Supplementary Materials and Methods, Tables 1-3, Figures 1-5 from Host-Derived Tumor Endothelial Marker 8 Promotes the Growth of Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Materials and Methods, Tables 1-3, Figures 1-5 from Host-Derived Tumor Endothelial Marker 8 Promotes the Growth of Melanoma
Impact of Effective Compression Ratio on Gasoline-Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Engine Using Variable Valve Actuation (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Dual-fuel combustion using port-injected gasoline with a direct diesel injection has been shown to achieve low-temperature combustion with moderate peak pressure rise rates, low engine-out soot and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions, and high indicated thermal efficiency. A key requirement for extending high-load operation is moderating the reactivity of the premixed charge prior to the diesel injection. Reducing compression ratio, in conjunction with a higher expansion ratio using alternative valve timings, decreases compressed charge reactivity while maintain a high expansion ratio for maximum work extraction.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Experimental testing was conducted on a 13L multi-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine modified to operate dual-fuel combustion with port gasoline injection to supplement the direct diesel injection. The engine employs intake variable valve actuation (VVA) for early (EIVC) or late (LIVC) intake valve closing to yield reduced effective compression ratio. Testing was conducted at a mid-load operating condition using a gasoline-diesel dual-fuel operating strategy. The impact on dual-fuel engine performance and emissions with respect to varying effective compression ratio is quantified within this study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As effective compression ratio is reduced, overall massflow through the engine decreases, yielding both higher gas exchange efficiencies and increased heat transfer losses. With constant combustion phasing gasoline/diesel fueling fraction, and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions held constant, overall brake thermal efficiency remains relatively constant across effective compression ratios.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Routes to Hydrogen Bonding Chain‐End Functionalized Polymers (2012)

The contribution of supramolecular chemistry to polymer science opens new perspectives for the design of polymer materials exhibiting valuable properties and easier processability due to the dynamic nature of non-covalent interactions. Hydrogen bonding polymers can be used as supramolecular units for yielding larger assemblies that possess attractive features, arising from the combination of polymer properties and the responsiveness of hydrogen bonds. The post-polymerization modification of reactive end-groups is the most common procedure for generating such polymers. Examples of polymerizations mediated by hydrogen bonding-functionalized precursors have also recently been reported. This contribution reviews the current synthetic routes toward hydrogen bonding sticker chain-end functionalized polymers.
Method for the Automatic Generation of Timber Connection Patterns (2003)

This paper describes a method for the automatic rule-based generation of design alternatives for structural connections between timber members. Using this method, a computer program for generating a list of connection options for two timber members was created. Such a computer program may be useful to engineers, architects, and others involved in the design and detailing of timber frame structures.
Effect of Oil Type and Emulsifier on Oil Absorption of Steam-and-fried Instant Noodles (2019)

The effects of four different frying oils and three emulsifiers on oil absorption by steam-and-fried instant noodles were evaluated. The blended oil (high oleic sunflower oil/soybean oil/palm oil = 24:25:1 (v/v/v)) containing approximately 50% oleic acid was chosen as the proper frying oil due to lower oil absorption by instant noodle compared to palm, soybean, and high oleic sunflower oils. Among the four oils, the interfacial tension between high oleic sunflower oil and instant noodle was the lowest (0.073 mN/m), resulting in the highest oil uptake (15.47%), while the lowest interfacial tension (0.30 mN/m) between blended oil and instant noodle resulted in the lowest oil uptake by the fried product (12.63%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to observe surface properties and oil distribution. The instant noodle fried in blended oil was found to have uniform oil distribution and smooth surface. After selecting the proper frying oil, three emulsifiers (soybean lecithin, Tween-80, Span-80, at 0.2% (v/v)) were added to the blended frying oil. Adding emulsifier into frying oil significantly decreased the interfacial tension between frying oil and instant noodle. Among the three emulsifiers, addition of soybean lecithin resulted in the lowest interfacial tension (0.010 mN/m) and the highest oil uptake (18.36%). Therefore, from this study, we do not recommend adding emulsifier into frying oil.