gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-infrared (1550 nm) in vivo bioimaging based on rare-earth doped ceramic nanophosphors modified with PEG-b-poly(4-vinylbenzylphosphonate) (2011)

A novel poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based block copolymer possessing a 4-vinylbenzylphosphonate repeating unit in another segment (PEG-block-poly(4-vinylbenzylphosphonate)) (PEG-b-PVBP) was designed and successfully synthesized. As a control, an end-functionalized PEG possessing a mono-phosphonate group (PEG-PO(3)H(2)) was also synthesized. The surface of near-infrared (NIR) phosphors (i.e., ytterbium (Yb) and erbium (Er) ion-codoped Y(2)O(3) nanoparticles (YNPs)) were modified with PEG-b-PVBP (PEG-YNP(b)s) and PEG-PO(3)H(2) (PEG-YNP(1)s). The adsorption of PEG-b-PVBP and PEG-PO(3)H(2) was estimated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The physicochemical characteristics of the obtained YNP samples were analyzed by ζ-potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The ζ-potentials of YNPs modified by these polymers were close to zero, indicating the effective coverage of the YNP surface by our new PEG derivatives. However, the dispersion stability of the PEGylated YNPs was strongly affected by the structure of the PEG terminus. The average diameter of the PEG-YNP(1)s increased, and aggregates precipitated after less than 1 h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). In contrast, the size did not change at all in the case of PEG-YNP(b)s and the dispersion in PBS was stable for over 1 week. PEG-YNP(b)s also showed high erosion resistance under acidic conditions. The multiple coordinated PVBP segment of the block copolymer on the YNP surface plays a substantial role in improving such dispersion stability. The excellent dispersion stability and strong NIR luminescence of the obtained PEG-YNP(b)s were also confirmed in fetal bovine serum (FBS) solution over 1 week. Furthermore, in vivo NIR imaging of live mice was performed, and the 1550 nm NIR emission of PEG-YNP(b)s from the organ of live mice was confirmed without dissection.
A phase I/II, open label trial of Lewis Y specific monoclonal antibody IGN311 to evaluate safety and efficacy in patients with malignant effusion (2006)

2547 Background: Treatment of CRC patients (pts) with the humanized mAb IGN311 targeting the carbohydrate Lewis Y eliminated circulating tumor cells in blood and thereby confirmed the clinical profile of the parent murine antibody ABL364, which showed elimination of Lewis Y and cytokeratin positive cells in bone marrow of pts with breast cancer. Methods: An open-label, single treatment arm, uncontrolled study with IGN311 (100mg per dose, intravenously on day 1 and 7) in pts with malignant effusion (ascites or pleural effusion) is being conducted with the primary objective to examine safety and tolerability. Secondary objectives are volumetric measurement of the malignant effusion and to obtain data for several immunological parameters. Results: 4 pts (2 pts with gastric cancer and malignant ascites, 2 pts with breast cancer and malignant pleural effusion / ascites) have completed the study until December 2005. IGN311 was well tolerated with only one patient showing up to grade 2 nausea, vomiting and skin rashes as side effect after 1 st application which was easily managed. In all pts significant levels of IGN311 were measured followed by an increase in CD45 positive cells in the effusion. The patient with the highest level of Lewis Y expressing tumor cells showed a reduction of effusion volume during treatment. Conclusions: IGN311 was well tolerated, permeated into malignant effusion and attracted immune cells leading to decreased tumor cell counts in the effusion. In the case of strong Lewis Y expression of malignant cells in the effusion a reduction of the effusion volume could be demonstrated. [Table: see text]
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Addition of Simple Alkenes to Carbonyl Compounds by Use of Group 10 Metals (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Full elastic strain and stress tensor measurements from individual dislocation cells in copper through-Si vias (2015)

Nondestructive measurements of the full elastic strain and stress tensors from individual dislocation cells distributed along the full extent of a 50 µm-long polycrystalline copper via in Si is reported. Determining all of the components of these tensors from sub-micrometre regions within deformed metals presents considerable challenges. The primary issues are ensuring that different diffraction peaks originate from the same sample volume and that accurate determination is made of the peak positions from plastically deformed samples. For these measurements, three widely separated reflections were examined from selected, individual grains along the via. The lattice spacings and peak positions were measured for multiple dislocation cell interiors within each grain and the cell-interior peaks were sorted out using the measured included angles. A comprehensive uncertainty analysis using a Monte Carlo uncertainty algorithm provided uncertainties for the elastic strain tensor and stress tensor components.
Angiotensin receptor binding in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is reduced by destruction of the C1 neurons (2008)

The RVLM, a brainstem site critical in cardiovascular regulation, contains angiotensin Type 1 receptors (AT1R) and stimulation of these receptors increases arterial pressure. Elevated stimulation of these receptors may contribute to sympathoexcitation seen in some rat models of hypertension, as injection of AT1R antagonists into RVLM decreases arterial pressure in these hypertensive models. Within the RVLM, there are two groups of spinally‐projecting sympathoexcitatory neurons based on neurochemical phenotype: those that contain catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, termed C1 cells, and those that do not. Although evidence supports the hypothesis that the C1 and the AT1R‐expressing populations of the RVLM overlap, this hypothesis has not been tested. Local injection of saporin toxin conjugated to a dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase antibody(antiDBH‐Sap) selectively destroys C1 cells. Using this lesioning approach, we examined the effect of C1 cell depletion on density of AT1R binding sites in the RVLM. Autoradiographic localization of (125)‐I‐sarcosine(1), isoleucine(8) Ang II revealed high affinity AT1R binding in the RVLM. Selective unilateral lesions of C1 neurons in the RVLM reduced AT1R binding in the RVLM compared to the unlesioned side and the RVLM of rats injected with a control toxin. These data suggest that a large proportion of AT1R in the RVLM are located on C1 neurons. (NIH HL‐55687, HL‐76083)
Synthesis and Anthelmintic Activity of 7-Hydroxy- 5-oxo-5<i>H</i>-thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]pyran-6-carboxanilides and -6-thiocarboxanilides (1996)

7-Hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-6-carboxanilides and -6-thio-carboxanilides represent a novel series of anthelmintic compounds, with broad-spectrum activity against important parasitic nematodes in sheep and dogs. In particular, an improved efficacy against Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep over the related 3-carbamoyl-4-hydroxycoumarins has been noted. New synthetic routes to the key intermediate, 7-hydroxythieno[3,2-b]pyran-5-one, have been developed.
Incremental window-based protein sequence alignment algorithms (2007)

We evaluated the performance of the computed alignments on two recently published benchmark datasets and compared them against the alignments computed by existing state-of-the-art dynamic programming-based profile-to-profile local and global sequence alignment algorithms. Our results show that the new algorithms achieve alignments that are comparable with or better than those achieved by existing algorithms. Moreover, our results also showed that these algorithms can be used to provide better information as to which of the aligned positions are more reliable--a critical piece of information for comparative modeling applications.
Revisiting Activation Regularization for Language RNNs (2017)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) serve as a fundamental building block for many sequence tasks across natural language processing. Recent research has focused on recurrent dropout techniques or custom RNN cells in order to improve performance. Both of these can require substantial modifications to the machine learning model or to the underlying RNN configurations. We revisit traditional regularization techniques, specifically L2 regularization on RNN activations and slowness regularization over successive hidden states, to improve the performance of RNNs on the task of language modeling. Both of these techniques require minimal modification to existing RNN architectures and result in performance improvements comparable or superior to more complicated regularization techniques or custom cell architectures. These regularization techniques can be used without any modification on optimized LSTM implementations such as the NVIDIA cuDNN LSTM.
Context-Based Error Correction Scheme Using Recurrent Neural Network for Resilient and Efficient Intra-Chip Data Transmission (2016)

An error correction scheme utilizing a brain-inspired learning algorithm, called Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), is proposed for resilient and efficient intra-chip data transmission. RNN has a feature to find partially-clustered time-series data stream from an input data stream and predict the next input data from previous input data stream, which can be utilized for realizing an error correction corresponding to the "context" of the data stream. Through the evaluation of intra-chip data transmission in a general-purpose 32-bit microprocessor, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme performs 95.9% error reduction with 2-times better data transfer efficiency and 94.2% error reduction with 4-times better data transfer efficiency compared with a conventional error correction scheme.
Calixarene Derivatives as Novel Nanopore Generators for Templates of Nanoporous Thin Films (2006)

Abstract Summary: We report herein calixarene derivatives, which could adapt to various fields of application, as novel pore generators for making nanoporous materials. The pore structure of nanoporous materials exhibits disordered pores with small mesopore diameter (2–3 nm), which is similar to the micelle‐like assembled structure of the calixarene compounds. The electro‐optical properties such as dielectric constants and refractive indexes of these porous thin films can easily be manipulated. The calixarene‐templated nanoporous films could find a variety of potential applications, such as low‐dielectric constant ( k ) materials and high‐surface area materials for catalysis and biotechnology. PM3‐optimized structures of CA[4] and CA[6]. magnified image PM3‐optimized structures of CA[4] and CA[6].
Optimization of stimulus parameters for selective peripheral nerve stimulation with multi-contact electrodes (2011)

This study describes a method for optimizing selective stimulus parameters for multi-contact peripheral electrodes. Overlap between pairs of contacts is quantified by the deviation in their combined response from linear addition of their individual responses. Mathematical models are fit to recruitment and overlap data, and a cost function is defined to maximize recruitment and minimize overlap between all contacts. Results are presented for two four-contact nerve-cuff electrodes stimulating bilateral femoral nerves of one human subject with spinal cord injury. Knee extension moments between 11.6 and 17.2 Nm are achieved through two contacts of each nerve-cuff with less than 10% overlap between each pair of contacts. These results suggest that optimization can provide an automated means of determining stimulus parameters to achieve strong, selective muscle contractions through multi-contact peripheral nerve electrodes.
Remodeling and Fibrosis in Chronic Eosinophil Inflammation (2014)

Chronic eosinophilic inflammation has been associated with tissue remodeling in a number of disease states including the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), asthma, and, more recently, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Remodeling occurs in the epithelial and subepithelial esophageal tissue, and includes basal zone hyperplasia, epithelial mesenchymal transition, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia. Previously, research on the clinical impacts of tissue remodeling has been limited by a paucity of human tissue. However, in EoE, recurrent biopsies are required for diagnosis and management. As such, investigators are able to study the associations between tissue changes and clinical disease features. A number of profibrotic and proangiogenic factors are elevated in EoE, including TGF-β1, CCL-18, FGF-9, VEGF, and VCAM-1. Both eosinophils and mast cells produce a number of these factors. TGF-β1 appears to be a master regulator of end-organ dysfunction in EoE and can cause esophageal epithelial mesenchymal transition, fibrosis, and smooth muscle contraction. The requirement for eosinophils, the eosinophilopoietic interleukin, IL-5, and the canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathway for EoE-associated fibrosis, has been invoked using gene-deficient mice. The clinical consequences of eosinophil-associated tissue fibrosis can be devastating, such as endomyocardial fibrosis and heart failure in HES. In EoE, tissue remodeling appears to be the mechanism for multiple cardinal disease complications including esophageal rigidity, strictures, narrowing, and food impactions, as well as the clinical hallmark of dysphagia. Therapies that may be able to reduce or reverse EoE-associated remodeling include topical corticosteroids, anti-IL-5, and food antigen avoidance.
E116 Study on Hydrogen Production System Based on Membrane Reformer (2001)

A membrane reformer equipped with palladium membranes has been developed. Palladium alloy, which allows only hydrogen to pass through, is fabricated into membranes and used in the reformer for direct production of high-purity hydrogen from city gas. The operation test of the membrane reformer have demonstrated that the hydrogen production rate of 14 Nm^3h^<-1> as had been designed, the product hydrogen purity of over 99.999%, and stable unmanned continuous operation of over 1,000 hours. These results have led us to believe that the membrane reformer can suitably be applied to fuel processor systems for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) and hydrogen refueling stations for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).
Determination of the spectral variation origin in high-order harmonic generation in noble gases (2018)

One key parameter in the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) phenomenon is the exact frequency of the generated harmonic field. Its deviation from perfect harmonics of the laser frequency can be explained by considering (i) the single-atom laser-matter interaction and (ii) the spectral changes of the driving laser. In this work, we perform an experimental and theoretical study of the causes that generate spectral changes in the HHG radiation. We measured the driving-laser spectral shift after HHG in a long medium by using a correction factor to take into account the multiple possible HHG initiation distances along the laser path. We separate out the contribution of laser spectral shift from the resultant high-harmonic spectral shift in order to elucidate the microscopic effect of spectral shift in HHG. Therefore, in some cases we are able to identify the dominant electron trajectory from the experimental data. Our investigations lead to valuable conclusions about the atomic dipole phase contribution to a high-harmonic spectral shift. We demonstrate that the significant contribution of a long electron path leads to a high-harmonic shift, which differs from that expected from the driving laser. Moreover, we assess the origin of the high-order harmonics spectral broadening and provide an explanation for the narrowest high-harmonic spectral width in our experiment.
Ovipositional Preference of Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) for Resistant and Susceptible Pear (1993)

Ovipositional preference of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, for selected Pyrus genotypes known to differ in nymphal feeding antixenosis was quantified in the field and greenhouse during the dormant-bud, green-tip, and fully expanded-leaf stages of bud phenology. Definite ovipositional preferences were displayed by pear psylla. Ovipositional antixenosis was particularly evident in Pyres communis L. and P. communis L. × P. ussuriensis Maxim. hybrids that were also known to have nymphal feeding antixenosis during the fully expanded-leaf stage. Although ovipositional and nymphal feeding antixenosis did show significant correlation, there were exceptions that suggest these two pear traits are independent. In greenhouse and field studies, we found that ovipositional antixenosis varied with bud phenology within pear genotypes, which indicated that ovipositional cues differed. However, several P. communis and P. communis × P. ussuriensis genotypes exhibited ovipositional antixenosis during all stages of bud phenology. Results of greenhouse ovipositional studies were similar to those observed for these pear genotypes in the field. Our greenhouse technique offers a rapid means of evaluating ovipositional antixenosis in pear genotypes compared with field studies, which are hampered by variable pear psylla populations, time, and space requirements.
NumaGiC (2015)

On contemporary cache-coherent Non-Uniform Memory Access (ccNUMA) architectures, applications with a large memory footprint suffer from the cost of the garbage collector (GC), because, as the GC scans the reference graph, it makes many remote memory accesses, saturating the interconnect between memory nodes. We address this problem with NumaGiC, a GC with a mostly-distributed design. In order to maximise memory access locality during collection, a GC thread avoids accessing a different memory node, instead notifying a remote GC thread with a message; nonetheless, NumaGiC avoids the drawbacks of a pure distributed design, which tends to decrease parallelism. We compare NumaGiC with Parallel Scavenge and NAPS on two different ccNUMA architectures running on the Hotspot Java Virtual Machine of OpenJDK 7. On Spark and Neo4j, two industry-strength analytics applications, with heap sizes ranging from 160GB to 350GB, and on SPECjbb2013 and SPECjbb2005, ourgc improves overall performance by up to 45% over NAPS (up to 94% over Parallel Scavenge), and increases the performance of the collector itself by up to 3.6x over NAPS (up to 5.4x over Parallel Scavenge).
Training-induced Recovery of Visual Motion Perception after Extrastriate Cortical Damage in the Adult Cat (2003)

Unilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the lateral suprasylvian (LS) cortex severely impair the ability of cats to integrate local motion signals (measured as direction range thresholds) and to extract motion signals from noise (measured as motion signal thresholds) in their contra-lesional visual hemifields. These deficits were found up to several months after the lesions and were limited to thresholds measured with random-dot stimuli, while contrast sensitivity for discriminating the direction of motion of sine-wave gratings remained unaffected. Our goal was to determine whether deficits of complex motion perception could recover and whether the recovery was spontaneous or required retraining. In each cat, a single location in the impaired visual hemifield was selected for visual retraining, which required the animals to discriminate motion direction using random-dot stimuli in which the range of dot directions was varied. Fifteen to 40 days of intensive retraining led to a gradual, complete recovery of motion integration. The recovery was stimulus specific since it did not transfer from direction range to motion signal thresholds, and it was largely restricted to the visual field locations retrained. Delaying the onset of retraining by several days to several months had no significant impact on the extent or rate of recovery. Once recovery was achieved, performance remained stable over a period of several months. These results suggest that recovery of complex visual motion perception after lesions of extrastriate visual cortex is an active process that requires extensive, stimulus- and retinotopically-specific visual retraining.
Mode-locked ytterbium fiber laser with dispersion compensation by a fiber taper (2006)

We exploit the large anomalous dispersion in the waist of a fiber taper to offset the normal chromatic dispersion of an Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser. The taper provides sufficient anomalous dispersion to ensure soliton operation.
A STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF INCLUSION OF HALONAPHTHALENES WITH ß‐CYCLODEXTRIN VIA TIME CORRELATED PHOSPHORESCENCE (1982)

Abstract— The phosphorescence of 1‐bromonaphthalene and 1‐chloronaphthalene is readily observable in nitrogen purged aqueous solutions containing ß‐cyclodextrin. Addition of acetonitrile increases both the phosphorescence intensity and lifetime. The quenching of halonaphthalene phosphorescence in aqueous solution by nitrite is substantially inhibited upon addition of ß‐cyclodextrin, as a result of a guest‐host complex. The rate constants for formation and dissociation of the l‐bromonaphthalene/ß‐cyclodextrin complex are evaluated from an analysis of the dependence of phosphorescence lifetimes on nitrite concentration.
An electrochemical sensor for the detection of antibiotic contaminants in water (2013)

A nanochannel-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of trace amounts of erythromycin has been developed. The sensor is capable of specifically detecting erythromycin, at a sensitivity of 0.001 parts per trillion, in various water samples and has potential utility in the assessment of environmental water quality.
Nanosecond laser-induced breakdown in pure and Yb3+ doped fused silica. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Evidence for the involvement of the thromboxane synthase pathway in human natural cytotoxic cell activity. (1985)

We and other investigators have recently shown that inhibitors of lipoxygenase reversibly inhibit natural cytotoxic (NC) or natural killer (NK) cell activity, whereas some inhibitors of cyclooxygenase enhance these functions. In addition, exogenous LTB4 augments NC and NK activity, whereas PGE2 depresses it. In the present studies, we sought to investigate the possible role of the TxA2 synthase pathway in NC function. Inhibition of this pathway by OKY-1581 or dazoxiben significantly inhibited NC activity against HSV-infected cells as well as NK function against K562 target cells. The inhibition was dose dependent, reversible, and not due to direct toxicity. NC activity was also significantly inhibited by the addition of PGE2 or PGI2 to the 4-hr assay, whereas addition of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha had no effect. Addition of PGH2, which could be converted to TxA2 or other PG, had no significant effect, but concomitant use of OKY-1581 produced a greater inhibition of NC function than by using OKY-1581 alone. U44069, a TxA2 analog, was inhibitory by itself and could not alter the inhibition caused by OKY-1581 or dazoxiben. In contrast, the TxA2 receptor blocker 13-APA significantly enhanced NC activity and even reversed the inhibitory effect of U44069 at equimolar (10(-7)M) concentrations. Taken together, these data suggest that most of the inhibitory effect of the TxA2 synthase inhibitors on NC and NK cell function derives from their ability to reorient cyclic endoperoxide metabolism toward more inhibitory compounds. In addition, TxA2 itself could exert a negative feedback on NC function through its receptor, as evidenced by the use of a TxA2 analog and a TxA2 blocker.