gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Development Under Uncertainty via Conjoint Analysis (2012)

Model development decisions are critical in the early phases of engineering design. Engineering models serve as representations of reality that help designers understand input/output relationships, answer ‘what-if’ questions, and find optimal design solutions. Upon making model development decisions, the designer commits a large percentage of the costs associated with reaching design goals/objectives. The decisions dictate cost-drivers such as experimental setups and computation time. Unfortunately, the desire to develop the most accurate model competes with the desire to reduce costs. The designer is ultimately required to make trade-offs between attributes when choosing the best model development decision. Hence it is critical to develop tools for selecting the model development decision that appropriately balances trade-offs. A framework is proposed for model development decision-making. Conjoint Analysis (CA) is implemented in order to handle trade-offs among attributes. Thus, the framework can be used to make optimal decisions based on the assessment of multiple attributes. Moreover, the framework addresses the uncertainty that exists early in model design. Imprecision in model parameters are estimated and propagated through the model. In particular, the proposed decision framework is employed to select the optimal model development decision with respect to the final phase of experimentation. Preference intervals are evaluated in order to choose which final experimentation to perform. The decision framework proves to be useful for making model development decisions under uncertainty by considering the preference of multiple attributes and the imprecision of said attributes that is prevalent in early model development phases.
Breakwater and revetment armor stability (2005)

This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) provides improved predictive equations for coastal rubble-mound stone-armor stability. The engineering methods outlined apply to breakwaters and revetments exposed to wave loading. The stability equations are based on the concept that the maximum wave force causing armor instability is proportional to the maximum wave momentum flux near the structure toe. This concept introduces a more physics-based first principles approach to estimation of armor stability. The new equations explicitly include the effects of nearshore wave height, wave period, water depth, and storm duration as well as the characteristics of wave breaking on the structure.
Artificial Whiskers Suitable for Array Implementation: Accounting for Lateral Slip and Surface Friction (2008)

The exquisite tactile sensing ability of biological whiskers has recently led to increasing interest in constructing robotic versions with similar capabilities. Tactile extraction of three-dimensional (3-D) object shape poses several unique challenges that have only begun to be addressed. The present study develops a method for estimating the contact location of a robotic whisker rotating against an object based on small changes in moment at the whisker base. Importantly, the method accounts for lateral slip as well as surface friction, making it particularly well suited for implementation on an array of robotic whiskers. Array implementation would permit simultaneous extraction of multiple contact points and enable highly parallel, efficient 3-D object feature extraction. A simple, scalable array design is suggested to fulfill this approach.
Measurement of the Matrix/Fiber Interfacial Strength of Carbon/Carbon Composites (2008)

The fiber/matrix interface properties critically influence the thermal and mechanical properties of composites, and have significant impact on frictional performance of carbon based composites. The effects of heat treatment temperature (HTT) on the fiber/matrix interfacial strength of PAN–based carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composites (C/C) were investigated by performing a single fiber push–in test. Commercial C/C brake samples were heat treated at three different temperatures (1800°C, 2100°C and 2400°C). A nanoindenter was used and loads between 20mN and 500mN were applied for push–in tests using a flat end conical indenter. Several thicknesses of samples were tried within the range of 100μum to 1000μum to eliminate the effect of sample geometry during the push–in test. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) was employed to explore any cracks in the vicinity of indents. In addition, High resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the microstructure development of the carbon fiber, CVI matrix and the interface as a function of heat treatment temperature. The measured average interfacial debonding stresses ranged from 10MPa to 27MPa for samples heat treated at different temperatures. When compared to as received commercial samples, interfacial strength slightly decreased after heat treatment at 1800°C and subsequently increased with increasing HTT. These changes were ascribed to development of microstructure at the C–fiber/matrix interface.
Global Occurrence, Chemical Properties, and Ecological Impacts of E-Wastes (IUPAC Technical Report) (2021)

The waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment grows exponentially, creating a worldwide pollution and resource problem. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) comprises a heterogeneous mix of glass, plastics (including flame retardants and other additives), metals (including rare Earth elements), and metalloids. The e-waste issue is complex and multi-faceted. In examining the different aspects of e-waste, informal recycling in developing countries has been identified as a primary concern, due to widespread illegal shipments; weak environmental, as well as health and safety, regulations; lack of technology; and inadequate waste treatment structure. For example, Nigeria, Ghana, India, Pakistan, and China have all been identified as hotspots for the disposal of e-waste. This article presents a critical examination on the chemical nature of e-waste and the resulting environmental impacts on, for example, microbial biodiversity, flora, and fauna in e-waste recycling sites around the world. It highlights the different types of risk assessment approaches required when evaluating the ecological impact of e-waste. Additionally, it presents examples of chemistry playing a role in potential solutions. The information presented here will be informative to relevant stakeholders seeking to devise integrated management strategies to tackle this global environmental concern.
Cyclodextrin Derivatives in GC Separation of Racemic Mixtures of Volatiles. Part XIV: Some Applications of Thick-Film Wide-Bore Columns to Enantiomer GC Micropreparation (1998)

Representative examples of preparative GC isolation of pure enantiomers in amounts ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg, with thick-film wide-bore open tubular columns coated with cyclodextrin (CD) diluted in polysiloxanes, are described. Two 25 m×0.53 mm i.d. columns, coated with 3 μm of 30% 2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-pentyl-β-CD/OV-1701 and 2 μm of 30% 2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-tert- butyldimethylsilyl-β-CD/PS-086 as stationary phases, were used. Methyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, δ-hexalactone, δ-octalactone, and γ-decalactone (the latter from a nature-identical mango aroma), were submitted to automated micropreparative GC. Average yields of about 30% were achieved when amounts above 20 μg/μl were injected, and an enantiomeric purity above 90% was obtained.
Supplementary Figure 1 Legend from Long-term &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; Expansion Alters the Biology of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 Legend from Long-term &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; Expansion Alters the Biology of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Metal‐based phosphorus dendrimers as novel nanotherapeutic strategies to tackle cancers: A concise overview (2019)

Several metal-based phosphorus dendrimers were prepared. The first series developed by us was the Cu(II) series. In this series, the most potent is the third generation-Cu(II) showing original mechanism of action with activation of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein. To our knowledge, it is the first example of nanoparticles displaying Bax protein activation and then cell death through apoptosis process. Interestingly, this dendritic-Cu(II) complex showed synergistic effect with doxorubicin. Based on these interesting anti-proliferative activities, we developed Au(III)-conjugated phosphorus dendrimers. The most potent is the third generation-Au(III) dendrimer which represents also a new and promising first-in-class anti-proliferative agent against both solid and liquid tumor cell lines. Then, in order to analyze the influence of the metal moiety distribution of Cu(II) and Au(III) on the surface of dendrimers, mix Cu(II)-Au(III)-conjugated phosphorus dendrimers were also prepared and tested as anti-proliferative agents. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
Determining the Location of Tektins within a Vital Molecular Machine (2011)

Visualize Intact Filaments By TEM- Layer copper grids with plastic membrane Evaporate carbon film on top of plastic membrane Prepare several samples of partially digested ribbons with negative stain Take digital images of ribbons with the use of a JEOL 1200 TEM at 60,000X magnification Attempt to locate intact tektin filaments with possible partially bound tubulin fragmentsLeft: A micrograph of ribbons.Tektin filaments protrude from the ribbon in the red circled areas.
New MAC design to accommodate joint detection techniques in a MIMO-OFDM-based HIPERMAN system (2004)

One of the key research issues in wireless systems is how to improve the system capacity. MIMO has been proven as an effective method to achieve this. Previously, the focus of MIMO-OFDM research in high performance metropolitan area network (HIPERMAN) systems was on space time coding (STC) and beamforming. Recently, multi-user detection (MUD) has emerged as a novel approach in MIMO-OFDM-based HIPERMAN systems. In this paper, we have proposed a new MAC design, which includes the new and flexible MAC frame structure and an efficient dynamic resource allocation algorithm, in order to accommodate the MUD techniques in uplink transmission in HIPERMAN systems. The performance of the new MAC design has been evaluated via simulation means. The simulation results show that the new MAC design based on MUD can significantly increase the system capacity.
Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of IC43 recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in mechanically ventilated intensive care patients—a randomized clinical trial (2020)

https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01563263). Registration was sent to ClinicalTrials.gov on March 14, 2012, but posted by ClinicalTrials.gov on March 26, 2012. The first subject was included in the trial on March 22, 2012.
A monocular camera gyroscope (2012)

We present a method for tracking the 3-axis orientation of a monocular camera using orthogonal vanishing points detected in individual frames of a sequence of images. Robust and real-time vanishing point detection is done using a standard line segment detection method and an adaptive RANSAC algorithm. Vanishing points and corresponding vanishing directions found in consecutive frames are associated with each other to produce a sequence of orientation quaternions, which is processed by an extended Kalman filter. Experiments with a consumer-level, handheld mobile device indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method is comparable with those of consumer-grade mechanical motion sensors.
Polar Medicine (2008)

The polar environment is hostile, dangerous and unfamiliar; cold, isolation, photoperiodicity, katabatic winds, and whiteout combine with the polar ice caps, crevassed glaciers, and ever-changing sea ice. Expedition medical practice in such regions is extreme, as all groups have had to travel great distances, are self-sustaining in that all medical supplies, equipment, and expertise must be available on the expedition, and complex logistics are required. Evacuation, if possible, is expensive, requires great effort, and can be dangerous.
Relationship between radiographic techniques (kilovolt and milliampere-second) and CTDIVOL (2010)

To investigate the relationship between radiographic techniques (i.e. kilovolt and milliampere-second) and the corresponding volume computed tomography dose index (CTDI(vol)). Data were obtained for CTDI(vol) for head and body phantoms from the ImPACT CT patient dosimetry calculator for 43 scanners from four major vendors of medical imaging equipment (i.e. GE, Philips, Siemens and Toshiba). CTDI(vol) were obtained with the largest X-ray beam width, and using a CT pitch of unity. For each scanner, relative values of CTDI(vol) were also computed as a function of X-ray tube voltage, normalised to unity at 120 kV. The average CTDI(vol) for 43 commercial scanners was 167 + or - 44 microGy (mA s)(-1) for the head phantom and 78 + or - 22 microGy (mA s)(-1) for the body phantom. The 90th percentile CTDI(vol) values are approximately twice the corresponding 10th percentile values for both head and body phantoms. Over the last 20 y, the head phantom CTDI(vol) has increased approximately 50 % and the body phantom CTDI(vol) has increased approximately 90 %. For both, the head phantom and the body phantom, CTDI(vol) is proportional to kilovolt(2.6). CT output must be specified using CTDI(vol) because for a fixed kilovolt and milliampere-second, CT scanner outputs (CTDI(vol)) differ by about a factor of 2. Increasing the X-ray tube voltage from 80 to 140 kV increases CTDI(vol) by about a factor of 4.
Semi-Supervised Classification of Terrain Features in Polarimetric SAR Images. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
Glial glutamate dehydrogenase: Ultrastructural localization and regional distribution in relation to the mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome oxidase (1987)

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is primarily a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutamate. We have recently shown by light microscopic immunocytochemistry that, within detergent-permeabilized brain tissue, GDH is enriched in glial cells, particularly in regions utilizing L-glutamate as a neurotransmitter. In this study, we used immunogold labeling to quantitatively establish that the form of the enzyme recognized by the presently used GDH antiserum is associated primarily with a subpopulation of mitochondria in ultrathin, plastic-embedded sections of the rat cortex and striatum. Permeabilization with detergents was omitted in these studies, so as to preserve the ultrastructure. As expected, labeled mitochondria occurred both in neurons and glia. Furthermore, light microscopic comparisons of the regional distributions of peroxidase immunoreactivity for GDH and a histochemical reaction product for a second mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome oxidase (CO), were used to demonstrate that high levels of GDH in glia of glutamate-receptive areas do not necessarily reflect the areas' demand for elevated oxidative metabolism. While all regions showing intense labeling for glial GDH also exhibited high levels of CO activity, many additional regions showing high levels of CO activity contained no detectable immunoreactivity for glial GDH. These light-microscopic comparisons reveal that the energy requirements are not the only factors accounting for the regional heterogeneity of the enzyme. We conclude that glial mitochondria are heterogeneous with respect to their GDH content and that GDH is enriched in areas exhibiting chronically active glutamatergic transmission.
uPA/uPAR System Is Active in Immature Dendritic Cells Derived from CD14+CD34+ Precursors and Is Down-Regulated upon Maturation (2000)

We recently described a subset of peripheral CD14+CD34+ cells able to migrate across endothelial cell monolayers and differentiate into immunostimulatory dendritic cells (DC). In this paper we show that immature DC derived from CD14+CD34+ precursors are also capable of reverse transendothelial migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) invasion using the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). We found that these cells respond to macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, enhancing their ability to invade ECM and supporting the idea that immature DC are selectively recruited at the site of inflammation to expand the pool of APCs. Interestingly, MIP-1alpha was also capable of preventing the decreased matrix invasion observed by blocking uPAR, suggesting that the uPA/uPAR system and MIP-1alpha cooperate in driving immature DC migration through the subendothelial matrix. Upon exposure to maturating stimuli, such as TNF-alpha, CD14+CD34+-derived DC enhance their APC function and decrease the capacity of invading ECM; these changes are accompanied by altered expression and function of uPAR. Moreover, mature DC shift their sensitivity from MIP-1alpha to MIP-3beta, enhancing their transendothelial migration capability in response to the latter chemokine. Our data support the hypothesis that bloodborne DC can move through ECM toward the site of pathogen entry where they differentiate into fully mature APCs with their motility and function regulated by microenvironmental stimuli, including MIP-1alpha, MIP-3beta, and TNF-alpha.
Electronic correlation in the quasi-two-dimensional electride <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2018)

The magnetic properties of the electride compound ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ were investigated by muon spin rotation and magnetic susceptibility on two samples with different forms (polycrystalline and single crystalline), to examine the theoretically predicted Stoner ferromagnetism for electride bands. There was no evidence of static magnetic order in both samples even at temperatures down to 0.024 K. For the polycrystalline sample, the presence of a paramagnetic moment at the Y sites was inferred from the Curie-Weiss behavior of the muon Knight shift and susceptibility, whereas no such tendency was observed in the single-crystalline sample. These observations suggest that the electronic ground state of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ is at the limit between weak-to-strong electronic correlation, where on-site Coulomb repulsion is sensitive to a local modulation of the electronic state or a shift in the Fermi level due to the presence of defects and/or impurities.
Ultrafast FBG Interrogator Based on Time-Stretch Method (2015)

We demonstrate an experimental realization of the time-stretch configured fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogator with an ultrafast speed. The interrogator consists of a home-made ultrabroadband fiber laser, an FBG sensor array, and two dispersive elements (single mode fibers). A time-stretch method is employed to convert the wavelength shift of the FBG sensor array to time shift via the principle of wavelength-to-time mapping. It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the wavelength-related time shift suffers no influence although the Bragg wavelength and bandwidth of the strained FBG might be different. The interrogator works in real time, so that a single-shot measurement without carrying out any averaging is feasible.
Measuring the Noise Impedances of Switched-Mode Power Supplies (2019)

In this paper, a novel approach to complex impedance measurement is proposed, using an Impedance Analyzer (IA) connected to the system under investigation through a transformer, which allows direct measurement of the magnitude and phase of the common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) impedance of a Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) during working conditions. The theoretical analysis of the measurement circuit both for CM and DM impedances is provided as the first step. Then, a fine calibration process is explained and validated with passive components. Eventually, the proposed method is exploited for experimental evaluation of the CM and DM noise impedances of an automotive SMPS in a test set-up for conducted emission verification.
Quadriceps tendon autograft for pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction results in promising postoperative function and rates of return to sports: A systematic review (2022)

IV.
Real-time volumetric ultrasound imaging system (1990)

A real time volumetric ultrasound imaging system has been developed for medical diagnosis. The scanner produces images analogous to an optical camera or the human eye and supplies more information than conventional sonograms. Potential medical applications include improved anatomic visualization, tumour localization and better assessment of cardiac function. The system uses pulse-echo phased array principles to steer a two-dimensional array transducer of 289 elements in a pyramidal scan format. Parallel processing in the receive mode produces 4992 scan lines at a rate of approximately 8 frames/second. Echo data for the scanned volume is presented as projection images with depth perspective, stereoscopic pairs, multiple tomographic images, or C scans.
Integrating representative and discriminant models for object category detection (2005)

Category detection is a lively area of research. While categorization algorithms tend to agree in using local descriptors, they differ in the choice of the classifier, with some using generative models and others discriminative approaches. This paper presents a method for object category detection which integrates a generative model with a discriminative classifier. For each object category, we generate an appearance codebook, which becomes a common vocabulary for the generative and discriminative methods. Given a query image, the generative part of the algorithm finds a set of hypotheses and estimates their support in location and scale. Then, the discriminative part verifies each hypothesis on the same codebook activations. The new algorithm exploits the strengths of both original methods, minimizing their weaknesses. Experiments on several databases show that our new approach performs better than its building blocks taken separately. Moreover, experiments on two challenging multi-scale databases show that our new algorithm outperforms previously reported results
Robust Multi-Agent Bandits Over Undirected Graphs (2022)

We consider a multi-agent multi-armed bandit setting in which n honest agents collaborate over a network to minimize regret but m malicious agents can disrupt learning arbitrarily. Assuming the network is the complete graph, existing algorithms incur O((m + K/n) łog (T) / Δ ) regret in this setting, where K is the number of arms and Δ is the arm gap. For m łl K, this improves over the single-agent baseline regret of O(Kłog(T)/Δ). In this work, we show the situation is murkier beyond the case of a complete graph. In particular, we prove that if the state-of-the-art algorithm is used on the undirected line graph, honest agents can suffer (nearly) linear regret until time is doubly exponential in K and n . In light of this negative result, we propose a new algorithm for which the i -th agent has regret O(( dmal (i) + K/n) łog(T)/Δ) on any connected and undirected graph, where dmal(i) is the number of i 's neighbors who are malicious. Thus, we generalize existing regret bounds beyond the complete graph (where dmal(i) = m), and show the effect of malicious agents is entirely local (in the sense that only the dmal (i) malicious agents directly connected to i affect its long-term regret).