gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cervical Electrical Neuromodulation Effectively Enhances Hand Motor Output in Healthy Subjects by Engaging a Use-Dependent Intervention (2021)

Electrical enabling motor control (eEmc) through transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation is a non-invasive method that can modify the functional state of the sensory-motor system. We hypothesize that eEmc delivery, together with hand training, improves hand function in healthy subjects more than either intervention alone by inducing plastic changes at spinal and cortical levels. Ten voluntary participants were included in the following three interventions: (i) hand grip training, (ii) eEmc, and (iii) eEmc with hand training. Functional evaluation included the box and blocks test (BBT) and hand grip maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), spinal and cortical motor evoked potential (sMEP and cMEP), and resting motor thresholds (RMT), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and F wave in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. eEmc combined with hand training retained MVC and increased F wave amplitude and persistency, reduced cortical RMT and facilitated cMEP amplitude. In contrast, eEmc alone only increased F wave amplitude, whereas hand training alone reduced MVC and increased cortical RMT and SICI. In conclusion, eEmc combined with hand grip training enhanced hand motor output and induced plastic changes at spinal and cortical level in healthy subjects when compared to either intervention alone. These data suggest that electrical neuromodulation changes spinal and, perhaps, supraspinal networks to a more malleable state, while a concomitant use-dependent mechanism drives these networks to a higher functional state.
Charging effect at grain boundaries of MoS<sub>2</sub> (2018)

Grain boundaries (GBs) are inherent extended defects in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films. Characterization of the atomic structure and electronic properties of these GBs is crucial for understanding and controlling the properties of TMDs via defect engineering. Here, we report the atomic and electronic structure of GBs in CVD grown MoS<sub>2</sub> on epitaxial graphene/SiC(0001). Using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we find that GBs mostly consist of arrays of dislocation cores, where the presence of mid-gap states shifts both conduction and valence band edges by up to 1 eV. Our findings demonstrate the first charging effect near GBs in CVD grown MoS<sub>2</sub>, providing insights into the significant impact GBs can have on materials properties.
Combining temperature and force to study folding of an RNA hairpin (2013)

RNA folding in cells typically occurs at mesophilic temperatures. However, in vitro, RNA can be unfolded either by increasing temperature to values that are much higher than physiological, or by mechanically pulling structures apart at ambient temperature. To directly study RNA folding at physiological temperatures and to unify thermodynamics measured by melting and pulling, we developed temperature-controlled optical tweezers (thermal tweezers) that can be used to mechanically unfold single RNA molecules at mesophilic temperatures. Folding of a 20-base-pair tetraloop hairpin was studied under different ionic conditions and at temperatures ranging from 22 °C to 42 °C. At each temperature, single hairpin molecules were held at constant force, and their two-state folding equilibria were monitored. The change in free energy derived from these measurements was used to construct a phase diagram of RNA structure using force and temperature as variables. Furthermore, we derived ΔG(0pN,T), the folding free energy at zero force and temperature T, by subtracting the stretching energy of unfolded RNA from the reversible mechanical work done to unfold the hairpin. ΔG(0pN,T) and its salt dependence agree reasonably well with the predictions by the nearest neighbor model. Under each ionic condition, ΔG(0pN,T) depended linearly on temperature, yielding ΔH(exp) and ΔS(exp) that also matched the predictions. The combination of force and temperature to study RNA folding is a step toward unifying thermodynamics measured by thermal melting and mechanical unfolding, and opens a new path for directly monitoring temperature induced RNA structural changes, as it occurs often in biology.
Protection design and coordination of DC Distributed Power Systems Architectures (2013)

In this paper, a complete protection system for a DC distribution system was developed and presented. The developed protection scheme was designed to be implemented on the laboratory-based DC Distributed Power Systems Architecture (DPSA) testbed setup. This system consists of four AC generators in addition to a DC microgrid involving photovoltaic generation and battery storage. The total capacity of the DPSA is 72 kW. The developed protection scheme targets faults on the AC side as well as faults on the DC sides. Moreover, the coordination scheme between different types of faults was designed. The challenges associated with protecting DC systems such as arcing and system time constant were investigated. The results obtained verify the validity of the developed protection system.
Supplementary Figure S3 A-E from Drugging MYCN Oncogenic Signaling through the MYCN-PA2G4 Binding Interface (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. Competitive chemical inhibition of MYCN-PA2G4 binding. A, Chemical structure of WS6. B, Cycloheximide chase assay measuring the half-life of MYCN protein in BE(2)-C and Kelly cells following 0.8 µM WS6 treatment for 24 hours, then treatment with 100 µg/µl CHX for up to 60 minutes. C, BE(2)-C and Kelly cells treated with 0.2 µM or 0.4 µM WS6, followed by colony formation assessment, compared to untreated cells. D, Immunoblotting with an anti-MYC-Tag antibody to quantify PA2G4 protein expression from SH-SY5Y and Kelly cells transfected with the MYC-tagged PA2G4 vector. E, Densitometric quantification of MYCN and PA2G4 protein levels of immunoblots using tumor tissues of TH-MYCN mice treated with either DMSO (n=5) or WS6 (n=5), and quantified by Image J software. Sample means were compared by students t-test. * Represents p-value &lt;0. 05. Error bars represent SEM.&lt;/p&gt;
[Recent approaches to the pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome]. (2002)

Clinical and experimental observations suggest that lipoid nephrosis (Minimal change nephrotic syndrome) results from T cell dysfunction due to still unknown mechanisms. By substractive screening library, we identified 84 transcripts, of which 42 correspond to known genes, 12 match with proteins of yet unknown function and 30 are unknown clones. Among the 42 known transcripts, at least 18 are closely involved in the T-Cell Receptor mediated signaling cascades. This includes genes encoding components of the T-Cell Receptor and proteins associated with the cytoskeleton scaffold, as well as transcription factors. During the relapse phase, we have detected very low levels of IL12R beta 2 mRNA suggesting that the T-cell activation evolves toward a Th2 phenotype. Thus, the combination of substractive cloning and differential screening constitutes an efficient approach to identify genes likely involved in the pathophysiology of MCNS.
2,6-Bis(functionalized) purines as metal-ion-binding surrogate nucleobases that enhance hybridization with unmodified 2′-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides (2012)

The capacity of three different purine bases, viz. 2,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)purine, 2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)adenine and 2,6-bis(2-acetyl-1-methylhydrazino)purine, to form metal-ion mediated base pairs with the native nucleobases has been examined. For this purpose, ribonucleosides derived from these bases were incorporated into an intrastrand or a 3'-terminal position of short 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides and the hybridization properties of these base modified oligomers in the absence and presence of three different metal ions (Cu(2+), Zn(2+) and Pd(2+)) were studied by UV- and CD-spectrometry. The first two bases were found to stabilize short oligonucleotide duplexes when incorporated into the 3'-termini of both strands, even in the absence of divalent metal ions but especially in the presence of Cu(2+). The highest melting temperature determined for such a duplex was 71.8 °C, nearly 30 °C higher than the T(m) of the respective solely Watson-Crick paired duplex. Despite the dramatic stabilizing effect of the terminal metallo-base pairs, these short modified oligonucleotides retained sequence-selectivity for the internal Watson-Crick base pairs: two internal mismatches dropped the melting temperature to 10-11 °C. In an internal position, only 2,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)purine, which in the absence of metal ions was destabilizing, exhibited metal-ion-dependent stabilization of duplex formation with unmodified 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides. The melting temperature in the presence of Cu(2+) was increased from 6 to 14 °C, depending on the identity of the opposite base.
Towards a physical map of the<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>genome: mapping of cosmid clones within defined genomic divisions (1990)

A physical map of the D. melanogaster genome is being constructed, in the form of overlapping cosmid clones that are assigned to specific polytene chromosome sites. A master library of ca. 20,000 cosmids is screened with probes that correspond to numbered chromosomal divisions (ca. 1% of the genome); these probes are prepared by microdissection and PCR-amplification of individual chromosomes. The 120 to 250 cosmids selected by each probe are fingerprinted by Hinfl digestion and gel electrophoresis, and overlaps are detected by computer analysis of the fingerprints, permitting us to assemble sets of contiguous clones (contigs). Selected cosmids, both from contigs and unattached, are then localized by in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes. Crosshybridization analysis using end probes links some contigs, and hybridization to previously cloned genes relates the physical to the genetic map. This approach has been used to construct a physical map of the 3.8 megabase DNA in the three distal divisions of the x chromosome. The map is represented by 181 canonical cosmids, of which 108 clones in contigs and 32 unattached clones have been mapped individually by in situ hybridization to chromosomes. Our current database of in situ hybridization results also includes the beginning of a physical map for the rest of the genome: 162 cosmids have been assigned by in situ hybridization to 129 chromosomal subdivisions elsewhere in the genome, representing 5 to 6 megabases of additional mapped DNA.
Experimental Validation of 1D Model for Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Modules (2017)

International audience
Regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in muscle wasting (1994)

*INRA, Centre de Recherches de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Laboratoire Métabolisme Azoté, Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA, Centre de Recherches de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Laboratoire Métabolisme Azoté, Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle (FRA)
Probing the Na+ binding site in a calix[4]arene–guanosine conjugate dimer by solid-state 23Na NMR and quantum chemical calculation (2009)

Using solid-state (23)Na NMR and quantum chemical calculations we have found that the Na(+) ion bound to a calix[4]arene-guanosine conjugate dimer resides slightly above the G-quartet plane and simultaneously coordinates to a water molecule in a square-pyramidal (penta-coordination) geometry.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: when a low platelet count is a mandate for anticoagulation (2009)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated disorder caused by the development of antibodies to platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. The thrombocytopenia is typically moderate, with a median platelet count nadir of approximately 50 to 60 x 10(9) platelets/L. Severe thrombocytopenia has been described in patients with HIT, and in these patients antibody levels are high and severe clinical outcomes have been reported (eg, disseminated intravascular coagulation with microvascular thrombosis). The timing of the thrombocytopenia in relation to the initiation of heparin therapy is critically important, with the platelet count beginning to drop within 5 to 10 days of starting heparin. A more rapid drop in the platelet count can occur in patients who have been recently exposed to heparin (within the preceding 3 months), due to preformed anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies. A delayed form of HIT has also been described that develops within days or weeks after the heparin has been discontinued. In contrast to other drug-induced thrombocytopenias, HIT is characterized by an increased risk for thromboembolic complications, primarily venous thromboembolism. Heparin and all heparin-containing products should be discontinued and an alternative, non-heparin anticoagulant initiated. Alternative agents that have been used effectively in patients with HIT include lepirudin, argatroban, bivalirudin, and danaparoid, although the last agent is not available in North America. Fondaparinux has been used in a small number of patients with HIT and generally appears to be safe. Warfarin therapy should not be initiated until the platelet count has recovered and the patient is systemically anticoagulated, and vitamin K should be administered to patients receiving warfarin at the time of diagnosis of HIT.
The trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 and miR-125b axis in urothelial bladder cancer (2017)

Human trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a 40-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that was first identified as a marker of human trophoblast cells. Trop-2 acts on cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration by activating a number of intracellular signalling pathways. Elevated Trop-2 expression has been demonstrated in several types of cancer and correlated with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Since no data are available on Trop-2 in bladder cancer (BC), the purpose of the study was to determine its levels in tissue specimens from normal individuals and patients with BC at different stages. Moreover, since according to recent evidence Trop-2 is a miR-125b target, miR-125b expression was also assessed in tissue specimens. Finally, the effect of the Trop-2/miR-125b axis on the proliferation and migration of BC cells was evaluated <i>in vitro</i>. The Trop-2/miR-125b axis was seen to be differentially expressed in normal urothelium, non-invasive BC and invasive BC tissue. Significant miR-125b down-regulation was associated with a significant increase in Trop-2 protein levels in BC tissue and correlated with disease severity. <i>In vitro</i> analysis confirmed the role of miR-125b in down-modulation of Trop-2 protein levels and showed that Trop-2/miR-125b axis affects cellular proliferation in bladder tissue. In conclusion, our findings highlight a role for the Trop-2/miR-125b axis in BC progression and suggest Trop-2 and miR-125b as diagnostic/prognostic marker candidates as well as druggable targets for innovative therapeutic approaches.
In-Situ Polymerized Wicks for Passive Water Management in PEM Fuel Cell Systems (2009)

Air delivery is the largest parasitic power loss in typical PEM fuel cell systems. Integrated wicks for water management can help minimize this loss by enabling low stoichiometric airflow rate operation in parallel channel (low pressure drop) flow field architectures. In this work, we develop a novel water management wick design and fabrication procedure. This in-situ polymerized wick design is adaptable to existing state-of-the-art separator plates; and can be integrated into a wide variety of flow field structures (including stamped stainless steel or injection molded plates).
Boosting long-term immune responses to sipuleucel-T (sip-T) by retreatment of patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2017)

196 Background: Sip-T, an autologous cellular immunotherapy for asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic mCRPC, induces immune responses to target antigens prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and PA2024, a recombinant protein of PAP and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Immune responses with sip-T correlate with overall survival. PROTECT (phase 3 NCT00779402) assessed sip-T in biochemically recurrent androgen-dependent PC. PROTECT pts developing mCRPC were eligible for P10-1 (phase 2 NCT01338012). Methods: PROTECT pts (sip-T arm) were retreated with sip-T in mCRPC. Antigen presenting cell (APC) activation (CD54 molecule ratio after and before culture with PA2024), cellular (PA2024/PAP ELISPOT; T cell proliferation) and humoral responses were assessed and compared with treatment-naïve mCRPC pts (IMPACT NCT00065442; STAMP NCT01487863; STRIDE NCT01981122). Results: Caucasian men (n=8), median follow-up 9.2 y and age 74 y, had an ECOG PS of 0 (75%) or 1. Median APC activation with sip-T infusion 1 was ~3-fold higher in P10-1 (20; n=7) vs treatment-naïve mCRPC pts (7; n=447). In P10-1, high magnitude cellular and humoral responses were seen at baseline (BL) (Table). Immune memory was heterogeneous, strong BL humoral and/or robust cellular memory was observed. Sip-T boosted PA2024/PAP cellular and humoral responses (Table). Immune responses were maintained up to wk 52, and were higher over time vs 1 st time treated mCRPC pts. Conclusions: Sip-T in an earlier disease setting generated sustained antigen-specific immune memory lasting up to 10 y. Consistent with vaccine-induced immune responses, sip-T retreatment rapidly boosted both cellular and humoral antigen-specific responses in mCRPC pts. Clinical trial information: NCT01338012. [Table: see text]
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Addition of Lithioethyl Acetate to Boc‐L‐prolinal. A Convenient Chiral Synthetic Building Block for the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Ring System. (1986)

Abstract The prolinal (II), obtained by reduction of the ester (I), reacts with lithioethyl acetate (III)to give the diastereomeric adducts (IV).
In Vitro Investigations (1990)

The properties of the Kensey catheter (Cordis Corp., Miami Lakes, FL), a new rotational device for recanalization of arterial occlusions, were studied in vitro. There was no effective centering of the catheter tip in the vessel and no measurable dilatation of the vessel lumen during rotation of the catheter tip. Flow studies confirmed recirculation and repeated exposure of particles at the catheter tip. The vortex induced by the rotating cam disappeared in stenotic segments. The maximum size of the pulverized specimen material was 20 microns for the normal arterial wall, 90 microns for the calcified and atheromatous plaque, and 900 microns for the fresh venous thrombus. For plaque material, an additional reduction of large particles to 30 microns was seen with a decrease in force and an increase in rotation speed. The size of thrombus particles decreased with an increase of rotation speed and the duration of treatment.
Self-pinched beam transport experiments Relevant to Heavy Ion Driven inertial fusion energy (1998)

LBNL-41375 UC-419 H I F A N 936 Self-Pinched Beam Transport Experiments Relevant to Heavy Ion Driven Inertial Fusion Energy January 30, 1998 W. B . Herrmannsfeldt Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, C A 94309 R. O. Bangerter, T. J. Fessenden, E . P. Lee, S. S. Y u Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Berkeley, C A 94720 C. L . Olson Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, N M 87185 D. R. Welch Mission Research Corporation, Albuquerque, N M 87106 J. J. Barnard, A . Friedman, B . G. Logan, R. W. Moir Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, C A 94551 I. Haber, P. F. Ottinger, F. C. Young Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D C 20375 R. R. Peterson University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 R. J. Briggs Science Applications International Corporation, Pleasanton, C A 94588 This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research [Office of Fusion Energy Science], U . S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.
Polyethylene Encapsulation of Depleted Uranium Trioxide (2005)

Depleted uranium, in the form of uranium trioxide (UO3) powder, was encapsulated in molten polyethylene forming a stable, dense composite henceforth known as DUPoly (patent pending). Materials were fed by calibrated volumetric feeders to a single screw extruder where they were heated and mixed to form a homogeneous molten extrudate. Oxide loadings as high as 90 weight percent (wt%) UO3 were successfully processed, yielding a maximum product density of 4.2 g/cm3. Performance testing included compressive strength, water immersion, and leach testing. Compressive strengths of samples with 50–90wt% UO3 were nearly constant, with a mean value exceeding 15MPa (2,200psi). Leach rates, which increased as a function of sample waste loading, were less than 1.1% after 11 days at ambient temperature for samples containing 90wt% UO3. Ninety day water immersion tests showed sensitivity to "batch" processed UO3 for samples containing >85 wt% of the oxide. Considering that UO3 should be insoluble in water, these results indicate the probable presence of other, more soluble uranium compounds. Samples containing UO3 produced by a "continuous" process showed no deterioration at up to 90 wt% waste loadings.
Color Tuning of Electrochromic Materials for Color e-Paper (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Multilayered Film Capacitors for Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Motors for Electric Traction Drives (2017)

Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film capacitors are the most suitable technology for high voltage, high temperature, and high ripple current power electronic systems in high performance electric vehicles (EVs). These capacitors, however, occupy 1/4th to 1/3rd of the power electronic unit and have a 50% voltage derating above 85 °C due to their drastically deteriorated breakdown strength and lifetime at high temperature. Development of a new dielectric material system for capacitors to increase temperature use and reduce size is critical in many EV related applications. Multilayer dielectric film developed by PolymerPlus and team has demonstrated improved dielectric constant and breakdown strength as compared to BOPP films. In this program, several film formulations were developed and investigated for dielectric performance and further down-selected for production scale up. Because this technology uses commercial polymers, fabrication of film rolls to demonstrate scalability for initial capacitor fabrication trials was successfully achieved. The film production feasibility, metallization and capacitor prototype fabrication was successfully demonstrated in Year 1 of the program. In Year 2 of the program, film production scale-up leading to significantly large film quantities for metallization and capacitor fabrication led to 600 µF size capacitors. Capacitor characterization was also completed during this year.
Molecular genetics of herpes simplex virus. III. Fine mapping of a genetic locus determining resistance to phosphonoacetate by two methods of marker transfer (1979)

We have transferred a genetic locus determining resistance to phosphonoacetic acid (PAAr) from one herpes simplex viral genome to another by two methods of marker transfer. One method requires recombination between an intact DNA molecule and a restriction endonuclease DNA fragment, whereas the other requires repair of a partial heteroduplex formed between the two DNA molecules. These two methods mapped the PAAr locus between positions 0.45 and 0.53 map units on the physical map of the viral DNA. Fine mapping of the PAAr locus showed that it maps at or near an EcoRI restriction endonuclease site at either 0.46 or 0.49 map units. We also describe and compare the two methods of marker transfer.
Peripapillary Sparing With Near Infrared Autofluorescence Correlates With Electroretinographic Findings in Patients With Stargardt Disease (2019)

The AST around the optic disc in eyes with STGD1 correlates with the impairment of photoreceptors as shown in the ERG. If replicated in future longitudinal studies, the quantification of peripapillary sparing may prove to be a useful parameter for evaluating the visual prognosis of these eyes.