gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ON THE PROPAGATION VELOCITY OF SWIRL WAVES IN ANNULAR FLOWS (2015)

The impact of swirl fluctuations on flame dynamics has been investigated by several authors and results suggest that the overall flame response is governed by superposition of two or more flowflame-acoustic interaction mechanisms. In this context, the relative phases of the individual contributions must be described accurately, which in turn implies that the propagation velocities of the various perturbations must be known. While acoustic waves propagate with the speed of sound, it is generally assumed that fluctuations of swirl are convected by the bulk flow and thus propagate with the mean flow velocity. However, in both experiments and numerical simulations it was observed repeatedly that the propagation speed of swirl waves may be noticeably higher than the bulk flow velocity. In the present work a formulation for the propagation speed is proposed, which is based on inviscid theory of confined swirling flows. The resulting formula consists of two propagation modes with faster and slower speeds than the flow velocity. Moreover, it is established that the azimuthal velocity and the duct size have significant impact on the propagation speed of swirl fluctuations. In contrast to the constant propagation speed assumption, the new model depends on the radial position. The importance of the radial momentum balance for the propagation is emphasized. A validation study is performed by comparing the results against 2-D Large Eddy Simulations. For this purpose the step responses to azimuthal velocity perturbations are examined. The resulting time-lag model can be introduced to low order models for the estimation of combustion instabilities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitroolefins: Pyrrolidinyl‐oxazole‐carboxamides as New Efficient Organocatalysts. (2015)

Abstract Chiral pyrrolidinyl‐oxazolecarboxamides are synthesized and used as organocatalysts in the asymmetric Michael addition of ketones with nitroalkenes under solvent‐free conditions.
Particle in cell Monte Carlo collisions modeling of inductively coupled plasmas (2000)

Summary form only given. In our report, we consider a two dimensional, axially symmetric, inductive discharge over a wide range of argon pressure and plasma density. We solve the Maxwell equations for different harmonics in the vector potential using a finite-difference scheme and kinetic equations for both electrons and ions using a Monte-Carlo approach. The direct use of a conventional PIC-MCC technique for modeling of high-density ICP meets a lot of problems caused by the statistical noise of the charge and current density. We have developed a technique which allows to significantly reduce the level of the statistical noise. This technique is based on consideration of correlations in electron motion with and without RF electrical and magnetic fields. Additional reduction of the statistical noise is achieved using the condition of plasma quasineutrality. We compare our numerical results with those found using the two-term approximation for the electron distribution function and with experimental results.
Domain‐concept association rules mining for large‐scale and complex cellular manufacturing tasks (2007)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a novel domain‐concept association rules (DCAR) mining algorithm that offers solutions to complex cell formation problems, which consist of a non‐binary machine‐component (MC) matrix and production factors for fast and accurate decision support. Design/methodology/approach The DCAR algorithm first identifies the domain‐concept from the demand history and then performs association rule mining to find associations among machines. After that, the algorithm forms machine‐cells with a series of inclusion and exclusion processes to minimize inter‐cell material movement and intra‐cell void element costs as well as to maximize the grouping efficacy with the constraints of bill of material (BOM) and the maximum number of machines allowed for each cell. Findings The DCAR algorithm delivers either comparable or better results than the existing approaches using known binary datasets. The paper demonstrates that the DCAR can obtain satisfying machine‐cells with production costs when extra parameters are needed. Research limitations/implications The DCAR algorithm adapts the idea of the sequential forward floating selection (SFFS) to iteratively evaluate and arrange machine‐cells until the result is stabilized. The SFFS is an improvement over a greedy version of the algorithm, but can only ensure sub‐optimal solutions. Practical implications – The DCAR algorithm considers a wide range of production parameters, which make the algorithm suitable to the real‐world manufacturing system settings. Originality/value The proposed DCAR algorithm is unlike other array‐based algorithms. It can group non‐binary MC matrix with considerations of real‐world factors including product demand, BOM, costs, and maximum number of machines allowed for each cell.
Identification of metabolism-associated genes and construction of a prognostic signature in bladder cancer (2020)

Abstract Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is a commonly diagnosed malignant tumor in the urinary system, with a high morbidity and recurrence rate. Current studies indicated that metabolism-associated genes (MAGs) having critical roles in the etiology of BC. The present study aims to identify differentially expressed MAGs and construct a MAGs based prognostic risk signature for BC by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and proteomics data. Methods: RNA-sequence data from the TCGA database and proteomics data from our BC samples were used to identify differentially expressed MAGs and construct a MAGs based prognostic signature in BC. Subsequently, survival analysis and nomogram were used to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of the MAGs based signature in BC. RNA isolation and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was further perform to investigate the expression levels of MAGs in BC cells and explore the relationship between MAGs and M2 tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) secreted transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in BC cells. Results: A total of 23 differentially expressed MAGs were identified and five MAGs were finally used to construct a MAGs based signature. Survival analysis revealed that the MAGs based signature was closely correlated with the survival outcomes of patients with BC. A nomogram with the MAGs based signature risk score and clinical features also constructed to facilitate the individualized prediction of BC patients. RT-qPCR showed that five MAGs were significantly differentially expressed and the expression levels of three MAGs were positively correlated with M2 TAM secreted TGF-β1 in T24 cells. Conclusions: Our study identified novel prognostic MAGs and constructed a MAGs based signature, which can be used as an independent factor in evaluating the prognosis of patients with BC. Furthermore, M2 TAMs may promote the expression of MAGs via the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in the microenvironment of BC. Further clinical trials and experimental exploration are needed to validate our observations in BC.
Ionic and Organometallic Reductions with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes (2009)

Surgical reduction: N-Heterocyclic carbene–borane complexes such as depicted are neutral, organic soluble analogues of borohydride anions with a weak hydridic character, compatible with organometallic catalysis. They are applicable for surgical reductions in complex, multifunctional molecules. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The (Un)faithful Machine Translator (2013)

Applying machine translation (MT) to literary texts involves the same domain shift challenges that arise for any sublanguage (e.g. medical or scientific). However, it also introduces additional challenges. One focus in the discussion of translation theory in the humanities has been on the human translator’s role in staying faithful to an original text versus adapting it to make it more familiar to readers. In contrast to other domains, one objective in literary translation is to preserve the experience of reading a text when moving to the target language. We use existing MT systems to translate samples of French literature into English. We then use qualitative analysis grounded in translation theory and real example outputs in order to address what makes literary translation particularly hard and the potential role of the machine in it. 1
Abstract 2022: P53-dependent thrombocytopenia induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor S78454 (2012)

Abstract S78454 (also called PCI-24781) is an orally bioavailable, hydroxamate-based pan-HDACi currently being tested in clinical trials in the US and EU. Like many other HDACi, this drug induces a reversible thrombocytopenia. This thrombocytopenia, which was associated with a decrease in either GATA1 transcriptional activity or the expression of proteins of the Rho GTPase family (RhoA, Cdc42 or Rac), remains poorly understood. Given that the S78454 plasma level is above 100nM in treated patients, we performed a dose-response analysis (from 10 to 100 nM) of the drug effects on CFU-MK growth and cell proliferation. CFU-MKs were generated by ex vivo culture of CD34-positive cells and their differentiation was dose-dependently decreased after either a 24-hour treatment or a continuous exposure to S78454. This effect was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in MK proliferation. When added at day 8 of the culture, at a time-point when MK have nearly finished their endomitotic process and are entering in the cytoplasmic maturation step, S78454 induced a dose-dependent decrease (ten- to- two fold at 100nM and 20nM, respectively) in proplatelet formation, even when secondarily removed from the culture medium. The decreased proliferation was associated with an increased apoptosis, as demonstrated by the presence of a sub-G1 peak after propidium iodide staining, Annexin V binding, and caspase-3 proteolysis. We did not observed any blockade in the TPO/MPL/JAK2 signaling since ERK, Stat3 and Stat5 phosphorylation remained unaffected. Interestingly, MK exposed to S78454 displayed an increase in γH2AX foci formation and a decrease in Rad51 expression, a major mediator of homologous recombination, indicating a defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Consequently, P53 became phosphorylated in MKs, and the expression of its target genes BAX and P21 was increased. Altogether, these results suggest that S78454-induced thrombocytopenia may be mediated by induction of apoptosis in MK due to DNA-double-strand breaks and p53 activation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2022. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2022
Current Anticoagulant Usage Patterns and Determinants in Korean Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (2020)

Renal disease and history of valvular heart disease were associated with warfarin use, while cancer and smoking status were associated with direct OAC use in high stroke risk patients. The combination of antiplatelet agents with OAC was prescribed in 73.6% of patients without definite indications recommended by guidelines.
Intracranial Aneurysms at MR Angiography: Effect of Computer-aided Diagnosis on Radiologists' Detection Performance (2005)

CAD improved neuroradiologists' and general radiologists' performance for detection of intracranial aneurysms with MR angiography; improvement was greater for general radiologists than it was for neuroradiologists.
Effect of Water on Oxygen Transport Properties on Electrolyte Surface in SOFCs (2003)

The effect of water vapor on the oxygen isotope exchange property was investigated for yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) oxide ion conducting ceramics, which is widely used as an electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). A slight amount of water vapor addition made a great enhancement of surface exchange rate of oxygen isotope on the surface of YSZ single crystal. The surface exchange rate constant increases with partial pressure of water vapor, whereas the oxygen isotope diffusivity has no dependence on water vapor. The temperature and water vapor pressure dependences of the enhancement of surface exchange rate are in good agreement with the dependences of water coverage on YSZ surface. Hence, the fast interaction between molecule and oxygen vacancy in electrolytes was considered to be dominant in a humid atmosphere, and it resulted in the apparent high surface exchange rate constant of oxygen isotope. Relatively lower oxygen isotope diffusivity was obtained in humid atmospheres as compared to those measured in dry oxygen in the literature. The low diffusion coefficient was observed only for YSZ but not for other electrolytes such as gadolinium-substituted ceria. This is probably due to a temperature gradient between the sample and the thermocouple which is caused from low adsorption of YSZ single crystal for infrared. The effects of heating procedure, preannealing conditions, and materials used for sample holders were investigated. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Antigenic Distance between North American Swine and Human Seasonal H3N2 Influenza A Viruses as an Indication of Zoonotic Risk to Humans (2021)

Human-to-swine transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) repeatedly occurs, leading to sustained transmission and increased diversity in swine; human seasonal H3N2 introductions occurred in the 1990s and 2010s and were maintained in North American swine. Swine H3N2 strains were subsequently associated with zoonotic infections, highlighting the need to understand the risk of endemic swine IAV to humans. We quantified antigenic distances between swine H3N2 and human seasonal vaccine strains from 1973 to 2014 using a panel of monovalent antisera raised in pigs in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Swine H3N2 lineages retained the closest antigenic similarity to human vaccine strains from the decade of incursion. Swine lineages from the 1990s were antigenically more similar to human vaccine strains of the mid-1990s but had substantial distance from recent human vaccine strains. In contrast, lineages from the 2010s were closer to human vaccine strains from 2011 and 2014 and the most antigenically distant from human vaccine strains prior to 2007. HI assays using ferret antisera demonstrated that swine lineages from the 1990s and 2010s had significant fold reductions compared to the homologous HI titer of the nearest pandemic preparedness candidate vaccine virus (CVV) or seasonal vaccine strain. The assessment of postinfection and postvaccination human serum cohorts demonstrated limited cross-reactivity to swine H3N2 from the 1990s, especially in older adults born before the 1970s. We identified swine strains to which humans are likely to lack population immunity or are not protected against by a current human seasonal vaccine or CVV to use in prioritizing future human CVV strain selection. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Human H3N2 influenza A viruses spread to pigs in North America in the 1990s and more recently in the 2010s. These cross-species events led to sustained circulation and increased H3N2 diversity in pig populations. The evolution of H3N2 in swine led to a reduced similarity to human seasonal H3N2 and the vaccine strains used to protect human populations. We quantified the antigenic phenotypes and found that North American swine H3N2 lineages retained more antigenic similarity to historical human vaccine strains from the decade of incursion but had substantial differences compared to recent human vaccine strains. Additionally, pandemic preparedness vaccine strains demonstrated a loss of similarity to contemporary swine strains. Finally, human sera revealed that although these adults had antibodies against human H3N2 strains, many had limited immunity to swine H3N2, especially older adults born before 1970. Antigenic assessment of swine H3N2 provides critical information for pandemic preparedness and candidate vaccine development.
Effect on signal-to-noise ratio of splitting the continuous contacts of cuff electrodes into smaller recording areas (2013)

Our results showed that a mixed tripole configuration performs better than the configuration including only ring contacts. Therefore, splitting the central ring contact of a cuff electrode into a number of dot contacts not only provides additional information but also an improved SNR. In addition, the effect of an additional pair of short circuited electrodes and the "end effect" observed with the presented method are in line with previous findings by other authors.
A fault tolerant control architecture for automated highway systems (2000)

A hierarchical controller for dealing with faults and adverse environmental conditions on an automated highway system is proposed. The controller extends a previous control hierarchy designed to work under normal conditions of operation. The faults are classified according to the capabilities remaining on the vehicle or roadside after the fault has occurred. Information about these capabilities is used by supervisors in each of the layers of the hierarchy to select appropriate fault handling strategies. We outline the strategies needed by the supervisors and give examples of their detailed operation.
EbpR Is Important for Biofilm Formation by Activating Expression of the Endocarditis and Biofilm-Associated Pilus Operon ( <i>ebpABC</i> ) of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> OG1RF (2007)

We identify ef1090 (renamed ebpR) and show its importance for the transcriptional regulation of expression of the Enterococcus faecalis pilus operon, ebpABC. An ebpR deletion (DeltaebpR) mutant was found to have reduced ebpABC expression with loss of pilus production and a defect in primary adherence with, as a consequence, reduced biofilm formation.
Hybridization of Zinc Oxide Tetrapods for Selective Gas Sensing Applications (2017)

In this work, the exceptionally improved sensing capability of highly porous three-dimensional (3-D) hybrid ceramic networks toward reducing gases is demonstrated for the first time. The 3-D hybrid ceramic networks are based on doped metal oxides (Me<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> and Zn<sub>x</sub>Me<sub>1-x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>, Me = Fe, Cu, Al) and alloyed zinc oxide tetrapods (ZnO-T) forming numerous junctions and heterojunctions. A change in morphology of the samples and formation of different complex microstructures is achieved by mixing the metallic (Fe, Cu, Al) microparticles with ZnO-T grown by the flame transport synthesis (FTS) in different weight ratios (ZnO-T:Me, e.g., 20:1) followed by subsequent thermal annealing in air. The gas sensing studies reveal the possibility to control and change/tune the selectivity of the materials, depending on the elemental content ratio and the type of added metal oxide in the 3-D ZnO-T hybrid networks. While pristine ZnO-T networks showed a good response to H<sub>2</sub> gas, a change/tune in selectivity to ethanol vapor with a decrease in optimal operating temperature was observed in the networks hybridized with Fe-oxide and Cu-oxide. In the case of hybridization with ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, an improvement of H<sub>2</sub> gas response (to ∼7.5) was reached at lower doping concentrations (20:1), whereas the increase in concentration of ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (ZnO-T:Al, 10:1), the selectivity changes to methane CH<sub>4</sub> gas (response is about 28). Selectivity tuning to different gases is attributed to the catalytic properties of the metal oxides after hybridization, while the gas sensitivity improvement is mainly associated with additional modulation of the electrical resistance by the built-in potential barriers between n-n and n-p heterojunctions, during adsorption and desorption of gaseous species. Density functional theory based calculations provided the mechanistic insights into the interactions between different hybrid networks and gas molecules to support the experimentally observed results. The studied networked materials and sensor structures performances would provide particular advantages in the field of fundamental research, applied physics studies, and industrial and ecological applications.
Attentive Temporal Pooling for Conformer-Based Streaming Language Identification in Long-Form Speech (2022)

In this paper, we introduce a novel language identification system based on conformer layers.We propose an attentive temporal pooling mechanism to allow the model to carry information in long-form audio via a recurrent form, such that the inference can be performed in a streaming fashion.Additionally, we investigate two domain adaptation approaches to allow adapting an existing language identification model without retraining the model parameters for a new domain.We perform a comparative study of different model topologies under different constraints of model size, and find that conformer-based models significantly outperform LSTM and transformer based models.Our experiments also show that attentive temporal pooling and domain adaptation improve model accuracy.
Reduced levels of NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase decrease the glutamate content of ripe tomato fruit but have no effect on green fruit or leaves (2015)

Glutamate (Glu) is a taste enhancer that contributes to the characteristic flavour of foods. In fruit of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the Glu content increases dramatically during the ripening process, becoming the most abundant free amino acid when the fruit become red. There is also a concomitant increase in NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity during the ripening transition. This enzyme is located in the mitochondria and catalyses the reversible amination of 2-oxoglutarate to Glu. To investigate the potential effect of GDH on Glu metabolism, the abundance of GDH was altered by artificial microRNA technology. Efficient silencing of all the endogenous SlGDH genes was achieved, leading to a dramatic decrease in total GDH activity. This decrease in GDH activity did not lead to any clear morphological or metabolic phenotype in leaves or green fruit. However, red fruit on the transgenic plants showed markedly reduced levels of Glu and a large increase in aspartate, glucose and fructose content in comparison to wild-type fruit. These results suggest that GDH is involved in the synthesis of Glu in tomato fruit during the ripening processes. This contrasts with the biological role ascribed to GDH in many other tissues and species. Overall, these findings suggest that GDH has a major effect on the control of metabolic composition during tomato fruit ripening, but not at other stages of development.