gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Analog Behavior of Pseudo Digital Ring Oscillators Used in VCO ADCs (2021)

In this work, we focus on the three most relevant pseudo-digital ring oscillator circuits for VCO A/D conversion. First, we show that they can be accurately modeled by an equivalent 2-terminal diode-like element. Next, we study the main analog performance figures: the effective oscillation frequency (which affects the quantization noise of a VCO ADC), the input referred noise and the power efficiency both for voltage and current control. We do this both through theoretical modeling as well as through simulations, which are in good agreement with each other. Our study highlights several important independencies: e.g. most performance metrics are independent on the number of VCO stages and the external load capacitance on the VCO nodes. In contrast to these independencies, we identify several important dependencies. In particular, we show that the biasing of the ring has an enormous impact on power efficiency of the ring. This dependency is different for the case of a voltage- or current mode configuration of the ring.
Conjugation of Porphyrin to Nanohybrid Cerasomes for Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer (2011)

Krebszellen in neuem Licht: Ein Photosensibilisator hoher Stabilität und Ladeeffizienz wurde durch Verknüpfung eines Porphyrinmoleküls mit einem organoalkoxysilylierten Lipid und anschließende Sol-Gel- und Selbstorganisationprozesse hergestellt (siehe Bild). Diese Nanoformulierung zeigte intrinsische Fluoreszenz und konnte unter Einwirkung von Licht Tumorzellen signifikant schädigen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Analysis of trace levels of toxic N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine in alkylamidobetaines by ion-chromatography (2002)

Galaxy Research Centre, Galaxy Surfactants Ltd., C-49/2, TTC Industrial Area, Pawne, Navi Mumbai-400 703, India <em>E</em><em>-</em><em>mail : </em>Nirmal.Koshti@galaxysurfactants.com <em>Fax : </em>91-227614507 Department of Chemistry, D. G. Ruparel College, Mahim, Mumfiai-400 018, India <em>Manuscript </em><em>received.16 January 2001, revised 3 September 2001, accepted 20 October 2001</em> Trace levels of <em>N,N</em>-dimethylpropyldiamine (DMAPA) in an amphoteric surfactant cocoamidopropylbetaine (CAPB) have been analyzed by cation exchange chromatography. The difficulties associated with liquid/liquid extraction of surfactant matrix from its aqueous solution to isolate DMAPA are overcome by solid phase extraction. The cation exchange mechanism' for this diamine is found to be optimum when the ion exchange sites of the separator column are phosphonic acid,groups.
Cedar Fortran and other vector and parallel Fortran dialects (1988)

The introduction of vector processors and multiprocessors punctuate the most dramatic changes in Fortran and its dialects. The emerging generation of supercomputers utilize both vector processing and multiprocessing simultaneously. The challenge is to provide language constructs and software tools that will allow the programmer to easily exploit the capabilities of the machine.This paper will outline the development of vector and multiprocessor language constructs in Fortran. The significant architectures, their languages, and optimizers will be described. The paper concludes with a description of Cedar Fortran, the language for the Cedar Multiprocessor under development at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Cedar is a hierarchical, shared-memory, vector multiprocessor. As such, its language, Cedar Fortran, contains many of the language features that will be described for vector processors and multiprocessors.
MULTI-AGENT PLANNING AND COORDINATION FOR DISTRIBUTED CONCURRENT ENGINEERING (1996)

The centralized planning and control that has defined the traditional information processing structure of manufacturing systems is no longer suited to the current rapidly changing manufacturing environment. For efficient use of manufacturing resources and increased flexibility, it is necessary to migrate to a distributed information processing system in which individual entities can work cooperatively towards overall system goals. The next generation of manufacturing systems requires such an information technology framework to integrate the system components and activities into a larger collaborative enterprise. This paper describes a multi-agent approach to concurrent design, manufacturability analysis, process planning, routing and scheduling. A heterogeneous multi-agent concurrent engineering system consisting of multiple feature-based design sub-systems, multiple simulated shop-floor resource groups, a supervisory control interface and the coordination mechanisms for multi-agent cooperation, has been developed. The architecture of this distributed system and the associated implementation issues are discussed.
Striated Appearance of the Testes (2010)

Striated testis is an occasional ultrasound finding in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. In older men, the finding of striated testis usually corresponds to a diagnosis of interstitial fibrosis and requires no further action. However, in the appropriate clinical setting, the differential diagnosis of striated testis also includes infection, infarction, trauma, and neoplasm. In this pictorial review, we present the varied sonographic appearances of striated testis within these clinical contexts.
Thermal stress aware design for stacking IC with through glass via (2012)

Stacking die technology using interposer with through-substrate-via technology has attracted a lot of attention due to various advantages in performance and integration. Interposers with through-glass-vias (TGVs) are widely studied due to their excellent electrical properties. However, a high temperature environment during the fabrication process of TGV leads to uncontrollable thermal expansion, which then causes a serious reliability problem. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm to place micro bumps to reduce stress surrounding TGVs in appropriate positions that can minimize the total number of micro bumps needed. Our simulated results show that significant reduction on the maximum stress can be achieved. Not only the proposed design can lower the maximum temperature of the hotspot, but improve the thermal uniformity of the test chip.
Formation of 10-μm-level patterned organic thin film using microthermal evaporation (2011)

This article reports the fabrication of 10-μm-level stripe patterns on an organic layer using microthermal evaporation. During this process, an organic layer is coated on a glass substrate with a bridge-type microheater array, and then selectively evaporated and deposited to form a fine pattern onto another glass substrate, separated by a micron-scale gap from the microheater array. Using a unique numerical model for microthermal evaporation, thickness profiles of the pattern were calculated and matched to experimental data. Furthermore, high optical qualities of the transferred luminescent pattern layer were confirmed using microphotoluminescence spectroscopy. This microthermal evaporation method confirms the feasibility of fabricating fine organic patterns with scalability to larger sizes.
A kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1) gene reporter in a mouse artificial chromosome: the responsiveness to cisplatin toxicity in immortalized mouse kidney S3 cells (2016)

We report the feasibility of measuring in vitro cisplatin nephrotoxicity using a Kim-1 reporter gene in S3 cells.
The <scp>anti‐TLR4</scp> monoclonal antibody Sa15‐21 enhances inflammatory cytokine production in <scp>LPS</scp>‐stimulated macrophages (2023)

Sa15-21, a monoclonal antibody against mouse Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, can protect mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine-induced acute lethal hepatitis. Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying Sa15-21-mediated regulation of TLR4 signaling in macrophages. Results showed that Sa15-21 enhanced the production of proinflammatory cytokines and attenuated the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Western blotting analysis revealed that Sa15-21 pretreatment had no effect on NF-κB and MAPK signaling in LPS-stimulated macrophages; however, Sa15-21 treatment alone led to a weak and delayed activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling without any effect on proinflammatory cytokine production. By contrast, Sa15-21 failed to induce the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3. Taken together, our results indicate that Sa15-21 sensitizes macrophages to facilitate the inflammatory response via TLR signaling.
Common-mode currents in multi-cell Solid-State Transformers (2014)

Solid-State Transformers (SSTs) are considered important building blocks of a future Smart Grid, where they will replace conventional transformers and provide enhanced functionality and controllability. To deal with the medium-voltage levels at the input of an SST for distribution applications, commonly cascaded cells converter topologies are proposed. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the common-mode currents appearing in cascaded cells converter systems as a consequence of steep changes of the cells' potentials caused by the individual cells' switching actions. Common-mode chokes placed at the AC terminals of each individual cell are identified as the most feasible way of mitigating these common-mode current disturbances. Detailed, analytic design guidelines are provided and applied to a 1MVA, 10 kV/400V SST.
A gene for a myosin peptide is disrupted by the inv(16)(p13q22) in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia M4Eo (1993)

Chromosome 16 aberrations are well known in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The most frequent chromosome 16 aberration in ANLL subtype M4Eo is the inv(16)(p13q22). Recently, we showed that in 5 inv(16) patients with ANLL M4Eo the short arm breakpoints are clustered within a 14-kb genomic EcoRI fragment. We report here the identification of a gene situated in the 14-kb fragment. The gene, which codes for a myosin peptide, is disrupted by the inversion of chromosome 16 in the 5 patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a myosin gene disrupted in leukemia.
Use of intraoperative nuclear medicine imaging technology: strategy for improved patient management (2013)

Keywords:: cost–effectivenessintraoperative imagingportable gamma cameraradioguided surgerytarget tissue localization
A coloured Gaussian model for CDMA forward link in-cell interference (2004)

A symbol-level, coloured Gaussian model for in-cell interference on the CDMA forward link is presented. The covariance matrix of the Gaussian process is constructed to account for both the in-cell interference colouring caused by multipath dispersion and the partial interference cancellation provided by the forward link Walsh spreading codes. The accuracy of the model is investigated by generating chip-level interference distributions and comparing them to a Gaussian process. The model is also tested by comparing symbol-level CDMA forward link simulations generated using the model to results produced using a chip-level simulation.
Temperature tunability of surface plasmon enhanced Smith-Purcell terahertz radiation for semiconductor-based grating (2017)

In this work, the terahertz (THz) Smith-Purcell radiations (SPRs) for the relativistic electron bunch passing over an indium antimonide (InSb)-based substrate with a subwavelength grating under various temperatures of substrate are investigated by FDTD simulations and theoretical analyses. The explored SPR is locked and enhanced at a certain emission wavelength with the emission angle still following the wavelength-angle relation of the traditional SPR. This wavelength agrees with the (vacuum) wavelength of surface plasmons (SPs) at the air-InSb interface excited by the electron bunch. The enhancement of SPR at this wavelength is attributed to the energy from electron concentrated in the excited SPs and then transformed into radiation via the SPR mechanism. When the temperature of InSb increases, the emission wavelength of the enhanced SPR decreases along with the emission angles increasing gradually. This work demonstrates that the emission wavelength and angle of the enhanced SPR from the InSb grating can be manipulated by the temperature of InSb. The temperature tunability of SP-enhanced SPR has potential applications in the fields of optical beam steering and metamaterial light source.
Gene-Centric Analysis of Preeclampsia Identifies Maternal Association at <i>PLEKHG1</i> (2018)

The genetic susceptibility to preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific complication with significant maternal and fetal morbidity, has been poorly characterized. To identify maternal genes associated with preeclampsia risk, we assembled 498 cases and 1864 controls of European ancestry from preeclampsia case-control collections in 5 different US sites (with additional matched population controls), genotyped samples on a cardiovascular gene-centric array composed of variants from ≈2000 genes selected based on prior genetic studies of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and performed case-control genetic association analysis on 27 429 variants passing quality control. In silico replication testing of 9 lead signals with <i>P</i><10<sup>-</sup><sup>4</sup> was performed in independent European samples from the SOPHIA (Study of Pregnancy Hypertension in Iowa) and Inova cohorts (212 cases, 456 controls). Multiethnic assessment of lead signals was then performed in samples of black (26 cases, 136 controls), Hispanic (132 cases, 468 controls), and East Asian (9 cases, 80 controls) ancestry. Multiethnic meta-analysis (877 cases, 3004 controls) revealed a study-wide statistically significant association of the rs9478812 variant in the pleiotropic <i>PLEKHG1</i> gene (odds ratio, 1.40 [1.23-1.60]; <i>P</i><sub>meta</sub>=5.90×10<sup>-7</sup>). The rs9478812 effect was even stronger in the subset of European cases with known early-onset preeclampsia (236 cases diagnosed <37 weeks, 1864 controls; odds ratio, 1.59 [1.27-1.98]; <i>P</i>=4.01×10<sup>-5</sup>). <i>PLEKHG1</i> variants have previously been implicated in genome-wide association studies of blood pressure, body weight, and neurological disorders. Although larger studies are required to further define maternal preeclampsia heritability, this study identifies a novel maternal risk locus for further investigation.
Rational Ligand Design for U(VI) and Pu(IV) (2009)

Nuclear power is an attractive alternative to hydrocarbon-based energy production at a time when moving away from carbon-producing processes is widely accepted as a significant developmental need. Hence, the radioactive actinide power sources for this industry are necessarily becoming more widespread, which is accompanied by the increased risk of exposure to both biological and environmental systems. This, in turn, requires the development of technology designed to remove such radioactive threats efficiently and selectively from contaminated material, whether that be contained nuclear waste streams or the human body. Raymond and coworkers (University of California, Berkeley) have for decades investigated the interaction of biologically-inspired, hard Lewis-base ligands with high-valent, early-actinide cations. It has been established that such ligands bind strongly to the hard Lewis-acidic early actinides, and many poly-bidentate ligands have been developed and shown to be effective chelators of actinide contaminants in vivo. Work reported herein explores the effect of ligand geometry on the linear U(IV) dioxo dication (uranyl, UO2 2+). The goal is to utilize rational ligand design to develop ligands that exhibit shape selectivity towards linear dioxo cations and provides thermodynamically favorable binding interactions. The uranyl complexes with a series of tetradentate 3-hydroxy-pyridin-2-one (3,2-HOPO) ligands were studied in both the crystalline state as well as in solution. Despite significant geometric differences, the uranyl affinities of these ligands vary only slightly but are better than DTPA, the only FDA-approved chelation therapy for actinide contamination. The terepthalamide (TAM) moiety was combined into tris-beidentate ligands with 1,2- and 3,2-HOPO moieties were combined into hexadentate ligands whose structural preferences and solution thermodynamics were measured with the uranyl cation. In addition to achieving coordinative saturation, these ligands exhibited increased uranyl affinity compared to bis-Me-3,2-HOPO ligands. This result is due in part to their increased denticity, but is primarily the result of the presence of the TAM moiety. In an effort to explore the relatively unexplored coordination chemistry of Pu(IV) with bidentate moieties, a series of Pu(IV) complexes were also crystallized using bidentate hydroxypyridinone and hydroxypyrone ligands. The geometries of these complexes are compared to that of the analogous Ce(IV) complexes. While in some cases these showed the expected structural similarities, some ligand systems led to significant coordination changes. A series of crystal structure analyses with Ce(IV) indicated that these differences are most likely the result of crystallization condition differences and solvent inclusion effects.
Synergistic transcriptional enhancement does not depend on the number of acidic activation domains bound to the promoter. (1991)

Many eukaryotic transcriptional activator proteins contain a DNA-binding domain that interacts with specific promoter sequences and an acidic activation region that is required to stimulate transcription. Transcriptional enhancement by such activator proteins is often synergistic and promiscuous; promoters containing multiple binding sites for an individual protein or even for unrelated proteins can be 10-100 times more active than promoters with single sites. It has been suggested that such synergy reflects a nonlinear response of the basic transcription machinery to the number and/or quality of acidic activation regions. Here, we determine the transcriptional activity of Jun-Fos heterodimers containing one or two GCN4 acidic activation regions on promoters containing one or two Ap-1 target sites. Surprisingly, heterodimers with one or two acidic regions activate transcription with similar efficiency and are equally synergistic (10- to 15-fold) on promoters containing two target sites. Thus, transcriptional synergy does not depend on the number of acidic activation regions but rather on the number of proteins bound to the promoter. This suggests that synergy is mediated either by cooperative DNA binding or by alternative mechanisms in which the DNA-binding domain plays a more direct role in transcription (e.g., changes in DNA structure, nucleosome displacement, or direct interactions with the transcriptional machinery).
Role of alloying elements in microstructures of beta titanium alloys with carbon additions (2003)

The effect of 0.2 wt-%C on the microstructure of beta titanium alloys Ti-15X(Fe, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Co, Cu, and V) has been studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that coarse eutectic TiCx tends to be formed in beta titanium alloys containing Fe, Cr, Mo, and Mn, and relatively finer homogeneous TiCx is formed in alloys containing V, Ta, Co, Ni, or Cu. The volume fraction of TiCx in alloys containing Cu, Co, and Ni is much less than that in other beta titanium alloys. The oxygen content of the matrix is lower than that of Ti2C in Cr or alloys containing Mn and higher than that of Ti2C in alloys containing Mo or Ni. These observations are discussed in terms of the role of phase diagrams and the effect of atomic radius of alloying elements on the dimension of interstitial sites in the host alloy and the sublattice of TiCx. (C) 2003 IoM Communications Ltd. Published by Maney for the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.
Radial stiffness improvement of magnetically levitated total artificial heart with a permanent magnetic bearing (2018)

A magnetically levitated total artificial heart has been developed. The device has a magnetic bearing and a motor stator at center of the device. The left and right impellers are connected with a rod through a center hole of the stator core. A magnetic bearing controls the axial position and tilting motion of the levitated impeller. The radial displacement of the impeller is restricted with a passive stability characteristic of the magnetic system. A repulsive permanent magnetic bearing is applied for improvement of the radial stiffness and its performance was evaluated. At the rotation speed of 2000 rpm and the flow rate of 5 L/min, the maximum radial displacement was suppressed from 0.39 mm to 0.25 mm by the repulsive permanent magnetic bearing.
Pockels Cells Enable Wide-field Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (2019)

We demonstrate Pockels cells (PCs) as wide-field imaging gates for nanosecond temporal resolution with high collection efficiency [1]. Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and single molecule lifetime spectroscopy are shown.
An integrated analysis and comparison of serum, saliva and sebum for COVID-19 metabolomics (2022)

The majority of metabolomics studies to date have utilised blood serum or plasma, biofluids that do not necessarily address the full range of patient pathologies. Here, correlations between serum metabolites, salivary metabolites and sebum lipids are studied for the first time. 83 COVID-19 positive and negative hospitalised participants provided blood serum alongside saliva and sebum samples for analysis by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Widespread alterations to serum-sebum lipid relationships were observed in COVID-19 positive participants versus negative controls. There was also a marked correlation between sebum lipids and the immunostimulatory hormone dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in the COVID-19 positive cohort. The biofluids analysed herein were also compared in terms of their ability to differentiate COVID-19 positive participants from controls; serum performed best by multivariate analysis (sensitivity and specificity of 0.97), with the dominant changes in triglyceride and bile acid levels, concordant with other studies identifying dyslipidemia as a hallmark of COVID-19 infection. Sebum performed well (sensitivity 0.92; specificity 0.84), with saliva performing worst (sensitivity 0.78; specificity 0.83). These findings show that alterations to skin lipid profiles coincide with dyslipidaemia in serum. The work also signposts the potential for integrated biofluid analyses to provide insight into the whole-body atlas of pathophysiological conditions.
User Recognition using Electromyogram 2D Spectrogram Images based on CNN (2021)

최근 생체정보를 이용한 사용자 인식은 위 · 변조 사건, 사고로 사회적 이슈가 되어 생체신호를 이용한 사용자 인식 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 생체신호는 신체 내부에서 발생하는 전기적 신호로 행동학적 특징에 따라 개인의 고유한 신호를 발생한다. 생체신호는 대표적으로 근전도, 심전도, 뇌전도 등이 있다. 생체신호 중 근전도 신호는 개인의 고유한 근력 세기에 따라 서로 다른 신호 패턴으로 측정되는 특징을 이용하여 사용자 인식 분야에서 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 근전도 신호를 이용한 연구 및 응용 분야들을 분석하고 근전도 기반 사용자 인식 시스템을 분석하였다. 그리고 전처리된 1차원 근전도 신호를 2차원 근전도 스펙트로그램 이미지로 변환하고 CNN을 이용하여 특징 추출 후 사용자를 최종 인식하여 사용자 인식 시스템의 성능을 분석한다. 실험결과 40명에 대한 사용자 인식은 12채널을 이용하고 STFT의 Window length R이 256일 때 95.4%(±1.7%)로 분석되었다.