gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 003: Effects of Saturated, Polyunsaturated, and Monounsaturated Fat on Blood Glucose, Insulin Sensitivity, and <sup>2</sup> Cell Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 84 Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials (2013)

Background: Effects of saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) on blood glucose, insulin sensitivity (IS), and β cell function are not well established. Aim: To systematically quantify the effects of dietary fats on glucose homeostasis in randomized controlled feeding trials (RCTs). Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched 11 databases for RCTs testing effects of isocaloric diets of varying dietary fat composition on glucose-insulin metrics in adults. We excluded RCTs of supplements or diet advice rather than provision of diets. Data were extracted independently and in duplicate. Using multivariate meta-regression, we estimated dose-response effects of isocaloric exchange of major macronutrients (SFA, MUFA, PUFA, carbohydrate [CHO]), adjusting for protein and fiber, and assessed heterogeneity (α=0.001 adjusted for multiple testing) by prespecified factors. Results: Of 3,661 identified abstracts, 84 RCTs met inclusion criteria, comprising 195 diet arms in 4,837 adults (19-74 y). Replacing CHO with SFA raised fasting glucose (FG), while MUFA and PUFA lowered FG ( Table ). Findings were concordant for HbA1C. Effects on FG were strongest in diabetics and Asians (P interaction&lt;0.001 each); interactions for HbA1c were not statistically significant. Significant effects were not seen on IS or β cell indices by intravenous tests, although fewer RCTs evaluated such tests. Conclusions: SFA raises, while MUFA and PUFA reduce FG and HbA1c. Effects are stronger in diabetics and Asians. Our meta-analysis provides robust quantitative evidence on effects of major dietary fats on glucose-insulin metrics, directing further research and dietary guidelines.
Magnetically actuated cantilever with small resonator for scanning probe microscopy (2001)

We have demonstrated the fabrication and operation of the RICA for application of SPM. The torsional resonator for electromagnetic excitation and detection is successfully fabricated using EB lithography and micromachining technology. The fabricated torsional resonator in a vacuum has the resonance frequency of 3.4MHz and the cantilever is successfully deflected by electromagnetic force in vertical direction. By using DC non-contact mode, deposited charges were observed by the electrostatic force between silicon surface and conductive tip. The fabricated RICA with a high resonance frequency is expected to have extremely potential capability for a quick response and a high speed SPM operation.
Microbial profile of patients with periodontitis compared with healthy subjects. (2012)

When compared with healthy controls, the microbial profile of subgingival plaque from periodontitis was found to contain known periodontal pathogens with a different prevalence to that described in earlier studies. P intermedia/nigrescens, F nucleatum, T forsythia, and T denticola have been found in lower proportions and small quantities in healthy subjects.
Early progression stage of malignancy as revealed by immunohistochemical demonstration of DNA instability; II, Otorhinolaryngeal border-line neoplastic lesions. (1994)

The degree of DNA-instability as revealed by the immunohistochemical staining with anti-single-stranded DNA antibody after acid hydrolysis (DNA-instability test) was used as a marker of malignancy. This was applied to benign, border-line, and malignant neoplastic lesions found in the otorhinolaryngeal regions (31 cancer, 22 leukoplakia, 10 nasal inverted papilloma, 33 salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma, and 7 Warthin's tumor cases). Proliferative activity and polarity of the proliferative cell distribution were evaluated by PCNA-immunohistochemistry, and the quantitative analyses of the number, mean size, largest size, and maximum shape-irregularity of AgNORs in a nucleus were performed for all these cases. As the results, 31 cancer (100%), 20 leukoplakia (90.1%), 10 nasal inverted papilloma (100%), and 21 pleomorphic adenoma (63.6%) cases were positively stained by the DNA-instability test diffusely or sporadically, indicating their malignancy. Reflecting the malignant character, these cases showed a remarkable increase in the PCNA-index with the loss of polarity of PCNA-positive cell distribution, and also increased number, mean and largest sizes, and maximum shape-irregularity of AgNORs. These results indicate that all nasal inverted papillomas are malignant in nature, namely, in situ carcinoma, and the majority of leukoplakia is also regarded as in situ cancer, although a certain percentage of simple hyperplasia may be included. Furthermore, the pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland can be regarded as an "unstable tumor" which often contains or predisposes to bear malignant subclones with occasional capsular or extracapsular invasion, reflecting the progression of malignancy. In the present study, no sign of malignancy was detected in Warthin's tumor.
Passive Device Flow Control for Normal Shock/Boundary Layer Interactions in External Compression Inlets (2011)

A passive method of controlling normal shock/boundary layer interactions (SBLIs) for external compression inlet applications is the use of micro-ramps for boundary layer control (BLC). These devices were placed upstream of normal SBLIs of various shock strengths and analyzed with Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) CFD. A simplified CFD model produced normal shock phenomena identical to that encountered near the throat of an external compression inlet. Micro-ramp configurations were compared to baseline no flow control cases, and both qualitative and quantitative performance metrics were assessed. Simulations indicated that micro-ramps have the potential to reduce BL separation and improve inlet performance as well as the potential to improve stability for normal SBLIs. Converged RANS solutions were demonstrated up to normal shock strength of Mach 1.8. A preliminary hybrid RANS / Large Eddy Simulation (LES) investigation was also performed, indicating that further research should move in the direction of time accurate CFD and experiment to assess the dynamic flow environment and stability characteristics introduced by the passive devices. Based on the results of this study further investigation of passive devices is warranted to achieve the goal of zero bleed inlets for supersonic aircraft.
Using viscosity models to predict the properties of rejuvenated reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binders (2019)

The use of rejuvenators in mixes with high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content is becoming common practice. Rejuvenators are added to mixes containing RAP to reduce the stiffness of the RAP binders and improve their low temperature properties hence allowing for higher amounts of RAP to be included in the mix. For RAP mixes utilising more than 25% RAP, blending charts are often used to determine the proportions of the virgin and RAP binders based on their respective performance grades. Introducing rejuvenators into the blend changes the overall physical properties of the blend, hence the need to assess the validity of blending charts when rejuvenators are present. In this paper, the rheological properties of a soybean-derived rejuvenator are studied using a rotational viscometer. Asphalt blends made with an extracted RAP, a virgin PG58-28 binder, and a soybean-derived rejuvenator are prepared using different proportions. The performance grades of the extracted and recovered RAP and the resulting rejuvenated RAP blends are determined using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and a bending beam rheometer (BBR). The results revealed that the rejuvenator successfully reduced both the high and low temperature performance grades of the control blend. The impact of the rejuvenator on the viscosity of the blend is studied and two different viscosity models were used to predict the blend viscosity. The models were shown to be valid for binder blends made with RAP binder and rejuvenated virgin binders. The models also provided a fair prediction of the viscosity of the 3% rejuvenated virgin binder but could not accurately predict the viscosity of the 6% rejuvenated virgin binder.
Adding static and dynamic semantics to building information models (2016)

Smart cyber-physical spaces indicate spatial environments which include both cyber and physical elements interacting with each other. In the construction industry, Building Information Models are the de facto standard for specifying complex information about building infrastructures, a representation which can also be extended for the specification of cyber-physical spaces. By providing formal static and dynamic semantics in terms of topological concepts of locality and connectivity of entities it is possible to support many forms of advanced analyses typically performed in software engineering. Static semantics aim to broadly support reasoning about latent qualities of a design. Dynamic semantics aim to deal with the dynamism that a space exhibits when additionally considering the ways it may change along with entities inhabiting it. Motivated by the setting of a smart hospital, we show how both qualitative and quantitative properties can be specified and verified.
Oscillation annealing in Electronic Power Steering (EPS) systems (2014)

This document is a working report concerning the Task 5.1 of the project VolHand 09 VTT 14 and refers to the paper[1]. This task is competence of the GipsaLab. This report presents several aspects of modelling, observation and control towards a new generation of Electrical Power Steering(EPS) systems. In particular authors design an optimal control to reject oscillations of the steering column. Authors also revisited the LuGre tire dynamic friction model by improving the transient behaviour between the sticking phases and the dynamic ones. Simulation
Mechanical Behavior in Al2O3FRP and Metal Sleeve Joint of Insulating Load Support for Superconducting Magnet. (1997)

A rod type and a cylinder-rod type load supports are developed for superconducting magnets of magnetic levitation vehicles. The load supports act as thermal insulators and, at the same time, are required to sustain vibrating loads. The supports are made of Al2O3FRP and have joints contacting with metal sleeve. The material of rod is unidirectional Al2O3FRP, while that of cylinder is satin woven laminating Al2O3FRP. The results obtained in this study on the mechanical behavior of the load supports are as follows:(1) The unidirectional Al2O3FRP rod and the metal sleeve can be tightly joined by pulling them to the opposite directions, each of which has a matching taper face with solid lubricant before assembling.(2) The impregnation resin of Al2O3FRP should have a high glass transition temperature, i.e. 453K, for reverting a decrease in joint force due to stress relaxation of the resin at room temperature. By giving a sufficiently large circumferencial elastic strain to both the rod and the sleeve than the cooling thermal strain of Al2O3FRP, high joint force remains even at a cryogenic temperature and the joint can sustain high vibrating loads.(3) The replenishment resin, which forms a wedge shape at both ends of cylinder in the wedge shape groove of the metal sleeve, should have the glass transition temperature of 398K, so as to prevent the joint from stress relaxation at room temperature. By curing the replenishment resin in the cylinder-rod type load support, the stress relaxation in the rod is kept as low as 10% because of high enough glass transition temperature of rod resin.
Testing Astronaut Controlled Telerobotic Operation of Rovers from the International Space Station as a Precursor to Lunar Missions (2014)

Missions to Earth-Moon libration points can advance capabilities for human exploration and provide unique opportunities to advance scientific knowledge. For example, NASA’s Orion spacecraft, currently under development, could serve as a platform from which astronauts would explore the lunar farside using robots that they remotely operate from a libration point. During Summer 2013, we conducted initial testing of this “surface telerobotics” concept of operations using the International Space Station (ISS) as a proxy for Orion orbiting the Moon. Over the course of three test sessions, Expedition 36 astronauts Chris Cassidy, Luca Parmitano, and Karen Nyberg on the ISS remotely operated NASA’s “K10” planetary rover in an outdoor terrain located at the NASA Ames Research Center (ARC). In this paper, we discuss the motivation for Earth-Moon libration point missions, describe the surface telerobotics tests performed to date, and outline directions for future ISS testing.
Metal–organic framework-derived one-dimensional porous or hollow carbon-based nanofibers for energy storage and conversion (2018)

This review summarizes the advances in the derivation of one-dimensional porous and hollow carbon nanofibers from metal–organic frameworks for energy storage and conversion.
Dihydrogen Trioxide Clusters, (HOOOH)<sub><i>n</i></sub> (<i>n</i> = 2−4), and the Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of HOOOH with Acetone and Dimethyl Ether: Implications for the Decomposition of HOOOH (2008)

Hydrogen-bonded gas-phase molecular clusters of dihydrogen trioxide (HOOOH) have been investigated using DFT (B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd)) and MP2/6-311++G(3df,3pd) methods. The binding energies, vibrational frequencies, and dipole moments for the various dimer, trimer, and tetramer structures, in which HOOOH acts as a proton donor as well as an acceptor, are reported. The stronger binding interaction in the HOOOH dimer, as compared to that in the analogous cyclic structure of the HOOH dimer, indicates that dihydrogen trioxide is a stronger acid than hydrogen peroxide. A new decomposition pathway for HOOOH was explored. Decomposition occurs via an eight-membered ring transition state for the intermolecular (slightly asynchronous) transfer of two protons between the HOOOH molecules, which form a cyclic dimer, to produce water and singlet oxygen (Delta (1)O 2). This autocatalytic decomposition appears to explain a relatively fast decomposition (Delta H a(298K) = 19.9 kcal/mol, B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)) of HOOOH in nonpolar (inert) solvents, which might even compete with the water-assisted decomposition of this simplest of polyoxides (Delta H a(298K) = 18.8 kcal/mol for (H 2O) 2-assisted decomposition) in more polar solvents. The formation of relatively strongly hydrogen-bonded complexes between HOOOH and organic oxygen bases, HOOOH-B (B = acetone and dimethyl ether), strongly retards the decomposition in these bases as solvents, most likely by preventing such a proton transfer.
An Investigation of Spectral Subband Centroids for Speaker Authentication (2004)

Most conventional features used in speaker authentication are based on estimation of spectral envelopes in one way or another, in the form of cepstrums, e.g., Mel-scale Filterbank Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCCs), Linear-scale Filterbank Cepstrum Coefficients (LFCCs) and Relative Spectral Perceptual Linear Prediction (RASTA-PLP). In this study, Spectral Subband Centroids (SSCs) are examined. These features are the centroid frequency in each subband. They have properties similar to the formant frequency but are limited to a given subband. Preliminary empirical findings, on a subset of the XM2VTS database, using Analysis of Variance and Linear Discriminant Analysis suggest that, firstly, a certain number of centroids (up to about 16) are necessary to cover enough information about the speaker's identity; and secondly, that SSCs could provide complementary information to the conventional MFCCs. Theoretical findings suggest that mean-subtracted SSCs are more robust to additive noise. Further empirical experiments carried out on the more realistic NIST2001 database using SSCs, MFCCs (respectively LFCCs) and their combinations by concatenation suggest that SSCs are indeed robust and complementary features to conventional MFCC (respectively LFCCs) features often used in speaker authentication.
Rodent Forelimb Model of Direct Neurotization for Improved Studies of Muscle Reinnervation and Prosthesis Control (2023)

After upper limb amputation, muscle reinnervation surgery is a common intervention used to prevent post amputation pain and restore motor function through enabling control of a prosthetic limb. Although these surgical interventions are widely used in the clinical setting for neuroma pain prevention, muscle grafts are not yet optimized for prosthesis control. Further investigation using larger scale studies in rodents is needed for improved clinical translation. Although rodent models of muscle reinnervation in the hindlimb exist, there are numerous advantages to a rodent forelimb model which would allow for a more accurate evaluation of the precision and dexterity required for upper limb movements in humans. Herein, we present the first rodent forelimb model of direct muscle neurotization using the median nerve and flexor digitorum profundus muscle. Using a single pellet reach and grasp task, we confirm our surgical model does not result in motor impairment. We additionally validate our model's relevance to upper limb prostheses by demonstrating offline prosthesis control of one degree of freedom using a Vascularized, Denervated Muscle Target. Future experiments can utilize this novel forelimb model for improved prosthesis control studies of muscle reinnervation surgeries. Ultimately, this preclinical model will help improve clinical translation of advanced prostheses.
Multiparameteric PET-MR Assessment of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: PET, MR, PET-MR and Tumor Texture Analysis: A Pilot Study (2015)

Purpose: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) achieving pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) have significantly improved long term survival. Preoperative detection of pCR may enable a conservative therapeutic approach in some patients. The purpose of the current prospective pilot study was to assess multiparametric qualitative and quantitative MR, PET, PET-MR and tumor texture features in predicting pCR to CRT in patients with LARC. Material and Methods: Eighteen LARC patients underwent staging with FDG-PET and MR-rectum and 15 had post-CRT restaging. Response was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. SUV (tumor/background), SUV/ADC, and tumor texture parameters derived via machine learning algorithms (MLA) from PET and multiple MR sequences and were correlated with histopathology. Results: A third of patients had pCR. Sensitivity, specificity & accuracy of PET, MR and combined PET-MR were 90, 60, & 80; 90, 20 & 66.7; 90, 80 & 86.7, respectively. Differences did not reach statistical significance. Quantitatively, only tumor-muscle (SUV/ADC) ratio improved prediction of pCR. Of all texture features assessed using MLA, only the classifier trained on pre-treatment PET was significant (p = 0.034; accuracy, 92.8%). Combined PET and MR texture features did not improve performance. Conclusion: Combined PET-MR may improve specificity compared with PET or MR alone, although this needs to be validated in a larger cohort. Tumor to muscle SUV/ADC ratios post-therapy and texture features on baseline PET show promise in improving prediction of pCR post-CRT in LARC.
The Application of a Generic Neural Network to Handwritten Digit Classification (2020)

This chapter analyses the application of a self-organizing neural network to handwritten character recognition. It describes the application of the Pattern Recognition Architecture for Deformation Invariant Shape Encoding (PARADlSE) neural network to the recognition of handwritten characters from the National Institute of Standards and Technology database. The PARADISE network was designed to be a generic recognition system with the solution of many recognition problems requiring a minimum amount of application-specific knowledge to be provided. The PARADISE network has a three layer architecture: the feature extraction layer, the pattern detection layer and the classification layer. A number of parameters can be set to control the type of recognition performed by the network. In order to use the network for a new recognition application, the most important aspect is to determine the type of feature extraction that is best suited to the objects. Two methods of feature extraction were chosen to be tested, Gabor filters and oriented Gaussian filters.
Set2Model Networks: Learning Discriminatively To Learn Generative Models (2017)

We present a new "learning-to-learn"-type approach for small-to-medium sized training sets. At the core lies a deep architecture (a Set2Model network) that maps sets of examples to simple generative probabilistic models such as Gaussians or mixtures of Gaussians in the space of high-dimensional descriptors. The parameters of the embedding into the descriptor space are discriminatively trained in the end-to-end fashion. The main technical novelty of our approach is the derivation of the backprop process through the mixture model fitting. A trained Set2Model network facilitates learning in the cases when no negative examples are available, and whenever the concept being learned is polysemous or represented by noisy training sets. Among other experiments, we demonstrate that these properties allow Set2Model networks to pick visual concepts from the raw outputs of Internet image search engines better than a set of strong baselines.
A Miniaturized 3-10GHz Dual-Comb Spectroscopy System for Chemical Detection (2019)

This paper presents a miniaturized dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) system in ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range. In this system, two comb generators produce UWB frequency combs with slightly different repetition frequencies. One of the frequency combs is passed through a microstrip sensor loaded by a material under test (MUT) and then is combined with the other comb. After that, the combination experiences second order nonlinearity by a diode detector. Consequently, the effect of MUT in the UWB is downconverted to the baseband. Successful detection of MUTs including air, ethanol, and methanol according to the output magnitude is demonstrated in this paper.
Weaver ants regulate the rate of prey delivery during collective vertical transport (2022)

Abstract The collective transport of massive food items by ant teams is a striking example of biological cooperation, but it remains unclear how these decentralized teams coordinate to overcome the various challenges associated with transport. Previous research has focused on transport across horizontal surfaces and very shallow inclines, disregarding the complexity of natural foraging environments. In the ant Oecophylla smaragdina , prey are routinely carried up tree trunks to arboreal nests. Using this species, we induce collective transport over a variety of angled surfaces with varying prey masses to investigate how ants respond to inclines. We found that weight and incline pose qualitatively different challenges during transport. Prey were carried over vertical inclines faster than across horizontal surfaces even though inclines were associated with longer routes and a higher probability of dropping the load. This additional speed is associated with more transporters being allocated to vertical loads and not from the persistence of individual ants. Ant teams also regulated a stable “prey delivery rate” (rate of return per transporter) across all treatments. Our proposed constrained optimization model explains these results: prey intake rate at the colony level is maximized when the allocation of transporters yields a similar prey delivery rate across loads.