gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Condensed as‐Triazine. Part 2. Synthesis of 7‐Phenyldihydro‐ and Tetrahydropyrazino(2,3‐e)‐as‐triazines. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrical Breakdown and Reliability of Metal Gate - La2O3 Thin Films after Post Deposition Annealing in N2 (2006)

We report the electrical characteristics and reliability of Metal-La2O3 stacks on silicon after Post Deposition Annealing (PDA) of La2O3 in N2. MIS capacitors were fabricated and their C-V and I-V characteristics before and after applying a Constant Voltage Stress (CVS) in the substrate injection condition were evaluated. By using 2 different physical thickness for La2O3, the same Equivalent Oxide Thickness EOT ~ 1.5nm is obtained for Al-gated and W-gated La2O3 stacks. This is explained by the presence of an already existent Al2O3 interfacial layer IL at the Al-La2O3 interface which results in a lower k for the total oxide stack. It is speculated that the physical thickness of this IL slightly increases after stress, which can be seen as degradation in the C-V characteristics of the Al-La2O3-nSi structure. This can be explained by the use of a modified Reaction-Diffusion (R-D) model, which is based on the Electric Stress-Induced Defect Generation (ESIDG) mechanism (1). Finally, longer lifetimes before breakdown were obtained for W-gated La2O3 MIS capacitors and a 10 years operation is guaranteed by using both the linear or reciprocal Vg models.
ChemInform Abstract: Behavior of 2‐p‐Tolylsulfinyl Cyclohexanols Under the Pummerer Reaction Conditions. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Motion Artifact Reduction for Wrist-Worn Photoplethysmograph Sensors Based on Different Wavelengths (2019)

Long-term heart rate (HR) monitoring by wrist-worn photoplethysmograph (PPG) sensors enables the assessment of health conditions during daily life with high user comfort. However, PPG signals are vulnerable to motion artifacts (MAs), which significantly affect the accuracy of estimated physiological parameters such as HR. This paper proposes a novel modular algorithm framework for MA removal based on different wavelengths for wrist-worn PPG sensors. The framework uses a green PPG signal for HR monitoring and an infrared PPG signal as the motion reference. The proposed framework includes four main steps: motion detection, motion removal using continuous wavelet transform, approximate HR estimation and signal reconstruction. The proposed algorithm is evaluated against an electrocardiogram (ECG) in terms of HR error for a dataset of 6 healthy subjects performing 21 types of motion. The proposed MA removal method reduced the average error in HR estimation from 4.3, 3.0 and 3.8 bpm to 0.6, 1.0 and 2.1 bpm in periodic, random, and continuous non-periodic motion situations, respectively.
Calibrating Rates of Early Cambrian Evolution (1993)

An explosive episode of biological diversification occurred near the beginning of the Cambrian period. Evolutionary rates in the Cambrian have been difficult to quantify accurately because of a lack of high-precision ages. Currently, uranium-lead zircon geochronology is the most powerful method for dating rocks of Cambrian age. Uranium-lead zircon data from lower Cambrian rocks located in northeast Siberia indicate that the Cambrian period began at approximately 544 million years ago and that its oldest (Manykaian) stage lasted no less than 10 million years. Other data indicate that the Tommotian and Atdabanian stages together lasted only 5 to 10 million years. The resulting compression of Early Cambrian time accentuates the rapidity of both the faunal diversification and subsequent Cambrian turnover.
Designing high performance grout for corrosion protection of prestressing steel in concrete (2008)

Portland cement grout is used in post-tensioned and retaining structures to provide bond between prestressing steel and surrounding material and to transmit the stresses from the steel to the concrete. Other important role of the grout is to fill the voids between protective duct and prestressing steel, suppressing the flow of water and chloride ions. The grout is the last but most important corrosion protection layer in prestressed structures. Therefore, besides satisfying requirements for the mechanical and physical properties, high performance grout should have capability of protecting prestressing steel from corrosion. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to evaluate the influence of different grout mixtures on corrosion behaviour of prestressing steel. First, thorough investigation of mechanical and physical properties of different grout mixtures was performed, such as: dimensional stability, fluidity, bleeding and strength development. After that seven high performance grout mixtures were chosen for testing of chloride penetration corrosion testing. From the presented research it can be concluded that high performance grout with low chloride diffusion coefficient, good homogeneity and volume persistency can assure longer durability of prestressed structures.
An adaptive reset control scheme for valve current tracking in a power-split transmission system (2015)

In power-split transmission systems developed by Dana-Rexroth Transmission Systems, a crucial role is played by the adjustable mechanical couplings performed by clutches operated by means of suitable electrovalves. We propose here a reset control scheme with adaptive feedforward action to perfectly track a known smooth reference for the current flowing in the valves. Formal properties of the scheme are first established and then a simplified approximated version is proposed for a simple implementation on the real-time control system. We report on simulation and experimental results both illustrating illustrate desirable responses. Simulations also confirm the theoretical results about asymptotic convergence of the estimates to the values of the unknown valve parameters.
Toward a Universal Model for Shape From Texture (2020)

We consider the shape from texture problem, where the input is a single image of a curved, textured surface, and the texture and shape are both a priori unknown. We formulate this task as a three-player game between a shape process, a texture process, and a discriminator. The discriminator adapts a set of non-linear filters to try to distinguish image patches created by the texture process from those created by the shape process, while the shape and texture processes try to create image patches that are indistinguishable from those of the other. An equilibrium of this game yields two things: an estimate of the 2.5D surface from the shape process, and a stochastic texture synthesis model from the texture process. Experiments show that this approach is robust to common non-idealities such as shading, gloss, and clutter. We also find that it succeeds for a wide variety of texture types, including both periodic textures and those composed of isolated textons, which have previously required distinct and specialized processing.
Computing Curricula: The History And Current Status Of 4 Year Computing Programs (2020)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Computing Curricula: The History and Current Status of 4-Year Computing Programs Abstract The invention and creation of the digital computer in the mid-20th century gave rise to a host of new industries and dramatic changes in some of the programs offered at 4-year academic institutions. The first of these was the discipline of computer science, followed by the disciplines of information systems, computer-based library science, computer engineering, software engineering, and information technology. Additionally, there are newly-emerging programs in disciplines that are heavily computer-dependent, such as animation, industrial design, bioinformatics, and others. The purpose of this paper is to present the history and current status of the five core computing academic disciplines as described in the Computing Curriculum document: computer science, information systems, computer engineering, software engineering, and information technology. The information summarized includes the number of programs in existence, the development of a standardized curriculum for each, and the development and implementation of accreditation standards for each. Introduction The closing of the Second World War brought great change to society in the developed world. In addition to the upheavals resulting from retooling industries from militarily dominated economics to more peaceful pursuits, from the unemployment problems resulting from disbanded armies, and from reconstruction of destroyed industries, other revolutions were forming in the intellectual landscape of society. Much has been written about the competing economic and political competitions that arose among the survivors, but less notice is given to the technological capital that was produced during the war and its transfer to the peacetime economy. Notable technologies that were largely developed during this dark time include nuclear energy, radar, spread-spectrum communications, and of course, the computer. Over time, these technologies flowed from the defense research labs to industrial and academic institutions. Inevitably, as the research progressed in these technologies, a body of knowledge was built up which began to be transferred to bright students. At the time of this writing, academic courses are being taught in Universities all around the world in each of these subjects, and in the case of computers, several distinct degree programs have formed around the technology. There is little doubt that computer technologies have had great impact on society. It is difficult to find a workplace without a computer, from the corporate offices teaming with computer-laden cubicles to the plumbing contractor who keeps her books in a home office. In the home, computers have penetrated all but the poorest neighborhoods of America. From an even broader perspective, it can be observed that computers are
Addictions may be driven by competition-induced microbiome dysbiosis (2022)

Abstract Recent studies revealed mechanisms by which the microbiome affects its host’s brain, behavior and wellbeing, and that dysbiosis – persistent microbiome-imbalance – is associated with the onset and progress of various chronic diseases, including addictive behaviors. Yet, understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape the host-microbiome ecosystem and affect the host state, is still limited. Here we propose that competition dynamics within the microbiome, associated with host-microbiome mutual regulation, may promote dysbiosis and aggravate addictive behaviors. We constructed a mathematical framework, modeling the dynamics of the host-microbiome ecosystem in response to alterations. We find that when this ecosystem is exposed to substantial perturbations, the microbiome may shift towards a composition that reinforces the new host state. Such positive feedback loop augments post-perturbation imbalances, hindering attempts to return to the initial equilibrium, thus promoting relapse episodes and prolonged addictions. We also find that the initial microbiome composition is a key factor: a diverse microbiome enhances the ecosystem’s resilience, whereas lower microbiome diversity is more prone to reach dysbiosis, exacerbating addictions. This framework provides novel evolutionary and ecological perspectives on host-microbiome interactions and their implications for host behavior and health, while offering verifiable predictions with potential relevance to clinical treatments.
Intermediate Wheatgrass Grain and Forage Yield Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization (2017)

Core Ideas Intermediate wheatgrass is being bred as a perennial grain crop. Optimum N fertilizer rates for intermediate wheatgrass grain yields are reported. Intermediate wheatgrass biomass yield and quality is comparable to other biomass crops. Intermediate wheatgrass grain yields declined after two years of production. Lodging occurred at high N rates, which reduced grain yields. Perennial crops have fewer environmental impacts compared to annual crops, but there are no perennial grains available to replace the annual grains that occupy a majority of U.S. cropland. Here we report grain and biomass yields from an improved breeding population of intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [ Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Buckworth &amp; Dewey], a perennial grass being domesticated to serve as the first widely grown perennial grain crop. Our objective was to measure grain and biomass yields of this improved grain‐type IWG (TLI‐C2), a forage variety of IWG (cultivar Rush), and switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) in response to N fertilization rates ranging from 0 to 200 kg N ha −1 . TLI‐C2 grain yields responded quadratically to increasing N rates in all but one environment, but yields declined at high N rates due to lodging. TLI‐C2 grain yields were highest during the first year of fertilization, yielding 961 and 893 kg ha −1 when fertilized at agronomically optimum nitrogen rates (AONRs) of 61 and 96 kg N ha −1 for stands seeded in fall of 2011 and spring of 2012, respectively. Grain yields declined with stand age. When fertilized with AONRs for grain, biomass yields of TLI‐C2 harvested after grain ranged from 9.2 to 12.3 Mg ha −1 and had similar forage and bioenergy quality characteristics compared to Rush, which demonstrates the potential to manage TLI‐C2 as a dual‐use cropping system for both grain and forage.
2A1-G06 Embedded RTC using CANopen : Development of RTC-CANopen (2010)

The purpose of this study is to build practical RT-Middlware for distributed control robot system. For this, we adopted CANopen supported by CiA (CAN in Automation) to RT-Middleware (RTC-CANopen). This makes it possible to construct the distributed robotic system using CAN network very simple and flexible. In this paper, we describe the system of RTC-CANopen.
Eddy Current Inspection by Gradio-Magneto Sensor Using MI Device (2000)

An ECT signal from a small reverse-side defect existing on a thick metallic plate is very small because of the long distance between the probe and the defect. To detect a minor reverse-side defect on a thick metallic plate, we therefore have to develop a new ECT probe with high sensitivity. We developed a new ECT probe with a gradio-magneto sensor, which consists of two MI elements and a CMOS electric drive circuit. The experimental results show that this new ECT probe using MI elements shows high sensitivity and stability.
Real-time control for VIDET using Simulink (2002)

In this paper we discuss the real-time force-feedback control structure for the VIDET system. In this application the scheme for the controller is defined as a dual cooperative task. The control force setpoint is derived from the human response interface, whereas the actuator position is controlled in real-time so that the force setpoint is maintained. After introducing the application, the control system architecture will be explained. Finally the implementation and realization in MATLAB-Simulink is discussed.
Natural Polymorphisms in Human APOBEC3H and HIV-1 Vif Combine in Primary T Lymphocytes to Affect Viral G-to-A Mutation Levels and Infectivity (2014)

The Vif protein of HIV-1 allows virus replication by degrading several members of the host-encoded APOBEC3 family of DNA cytosine deaminases. Polymorphisms in both host APOBEC3 genes and the viral vif gene have the potential to impact the extent of virus replication among individuals. The most genetically diverse of the seven human APOBEC3 genes is APOBEC3H with seven known haplotypes. Overexpression studies have shown that a subset of these variants express stable and active proteins, whereas the others encode proteins with a short half-life and little, if any, antiviral activity. We demonstrate that these stable/unstable phenotypes are an intrinsic property of endogenous APOBEC3H proteins in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes and confer differential resistance to HIV-1 infection in a manner that depends on natural variation in the Vif protein of the infecting virus. HIV-1 with a Vif protein hypo-functional for APOBEC3H degradation, yet fully able to counteract APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, and APOBEC3G, was susceptible to restriction and hypermutation in stable APOBEC3H expressing lymphocytes, but not in unstable APOBEC3H expressing lymphocytes. In contrast, HIV-1 with hyper-functional Vif counteracted stable APOBEC3H proteins as well as all other endogenous APOBEC3s and replicated to high levels. We also found that APOBEC3H protein levels are induced over 10-fold by infection. Finally, we found that the global distribution of stable/unstable APOBEC3H haplotypes correlates with the distribution a critical hyper/hypo-functional Vif amino acid residue. These data combine to strongly suggest that stable APOBEC3H haplotypes present as in vivo barriers to HIV-1 replication, that Vif is capable of adapting to these restrictive pressures, and that an evolutionary equilibrium has yet to be reached.
Anomalies du cotransport Na/K dans les érythrocytes des insuffisants rénaux (1984)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
A High Resolution Full Earth Disk Model for Microwave Observations from GEO (2008)

A proposed instrument for deployment on next generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) platforms is the Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Aperture Radiometer (GeoSTAR) [1,2]. A high resolution full earth disk model has been developed to aid in the development of the instrument design and to characterize sensor performance. A variety of publicly available geophysical fields are used as data inputs into a full radiative transfer model that also accounts for the propagation and viewing geometries from GEO. The resulting model simulates full disk microwave images with the highest known resolution. The model can be used in concert with an instrument simulator to conduct design tradeoff studies. With the capability of generating high resolution brightness images at different frequencies, atmospheric profile retrievals can be evaluated.
Multiresolution Imaging Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Identifies Distinct Biodistribution Profiles of Extracellular Vesicles and Exomeres with Redirected Tropism (2020)

Extracellular particles (EPs) including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exomeres play significant roles in diseases and therapeutic applications. However, their spatiotemporal dynamics in vivo have remained largely unresolved in detail due to the lack of a suitable method. Therefore, a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based reporter, PalmGRET, is created to enable pan-EP labeling ranging from exomeres (<50 nm) to small (<200 nm) and medium and large (>200 nm) EVs. PalmGRET emits robust, sustained signals and allows the visualization, tracking, and quantification of the EPs from whole animal to nanoscopic resolutions under different imaging modalities, including bioluminescence, BRET, and fluorescence. Using PalmGRET, it is shown that EPs released by lung metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibit lung tropism with varying distributions to other major organs in immunocompetent mice. It is further demonstrated that gene knockdown of lung-tropic membrane proteins, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1, alanine aminopeptidase/Cd13, and chloride intracellular channel 1 decreases HCC-EP distribution to the lungs and yields distinct biodistribution profiles. It is anticipated that EP-specific imaging, quantitative assays, and detailed in vivo characterization are a starting point for more accurate and comprehensive in vivo models of EP biology and therapeutic design.
Quality of Service Guarantees for Physical Unclonable Functions (2021)

We consider a secret key agreement problem in which noisy physical unclonable function (PUF) outputs facilitate reliable, secure, and private key agreement with the help of public, noiseless, and authenticated storage. PUF outputs are highly correlated, so transform coding methods have been combined with scalar quantizers to extract uncorrelated bit sequences with reliability guarantees. For PUF circuits with continuous-valued outputs, the models for transformed outputs are made more realistic by replacing the fitted distributions with corresponding truncated ones. The state-of-the-art PUF methods that provide reliability guarantees to each extracted bit are shown to be inadequate to guarantee the same reliability level for all PUF outputs. Thus, a quality of service parameter is introduced to control the percentage of PUF outputs for which a target reliability level can be guaranteed. A public ring oscillator (RO) output dataset is used to illustrate that a truncated Gaussian distribution can be fitted to transformed RO outputs that are inputs to uniform scalar quantizers such that reliability guarantees can be provided for each bit extracted from any PUF device under additive Gaussian noise components by eliminating a small subset of PUF outputs. Furthermore, we conversely show that it is not possible to provide such reliability guarantees without eliminating any PUF output if no extra secrecy and privacy leakage is allowed.
Selective Extraction Ability of Thiacalix[6]arene Derivatives from Rare Metal Mixed Solution (2010)

In this study, a synthesis and extraction capability of two new thiacalix[6]arene (TC[6]A) derivatives modified at the lower or upper rims, which are TC[6]A-CH2CONEt2 (1) and TC[6]A-CH2SCOCH3 (2), respectively, will be discussed. The metal extraction properties of 1, 2, and TC[6]A (3), from automotive catalyst residue solution containing platinum-group metal cations (PGM solution) have been investigated. Compound 3 shows highest extraction capability for Zr cation which is ca. 87% (in pH 4.0 PGM solution). On the other hand, 1 shows the highest extraction capability for Zr cation which is ca. 63% (in pH 3.0 of PGM solution), 2 shows the highest extractability for Pd cation which is ca. 86% (in pH 1.5 of PGM solution) and second highest one for Zr cation which is ca. 57% (in pH 4.0 of PGM solution) respectively.
Cell death and survival during ovarian follicle development (1998)

Mammalian germ cells arise in the yolk sac endoderm at the caudal aspect of the embryo and migrate to the mesodermally-derived gonadal ridge early in development. After the oogonia reach the gonadal ridge, the process of meiosis begins which coincides with the first major wave of apoptosis of female germ cells (Coucouvanis et al., 1993). Subsequently, oocytes progress to the dictyate stage of prophase I where they remain arrested until ovulation.