gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible Decomposition of Secondary Phases in BaO Infiltrated LSM Electrodes—Polarization Effects (2016)

In operando Raman spectroscopy is used to study ceramic La 0.85 Sr 0.15 MnO 3± δ electrodes infiltrated with BaO. The aim of this work is to clarify why BaO infiltration reduces the polarization resistance in oxygen containing atmospheres. Prior to the in operando experiments, ex situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal the formation of a secondary phase, Ba 3 Mn 2 O 8 , on the electrode. During the in operando Raman investigation of the BaO‐infiltrated La 0.85 Sr 0.15 MnO 3± δ electrodes, experiments are performed at 300 and 500 °C with oxygen partial pressure 0.1 atm and with −1 or +1 V applied potential. A changing electrode surface is observed during operation as the Ba 3 Mn 2 O 8 secondary phase decomposes and manganese oxide accumulates on the electrode surface during cathodic polarization. The observed changes are reversible. These results suggest that the formation of Ba 3 Mn 2 O 8 is responsible for the reduced polarization resistance observed at open circuit voltage (OCV) in an oxygen containing atmosphere. Furthermore, the results illustrate the dramatic differences between the electrode surface composition at OCV and during cathodic polarization. Overall, the results highlight the dynamic interactions between minor secondary phases and applied potential, a general effect that may be important for the high‐performance frequently observed with ceramic electrodes prepared by infiltration.
The preferred conformation of <i>erythro-</i> and <i>threo-</i>1,2-difluorocyclododecanes (2012)

Cyclododecane adopts a square-like structure with corner and edge CH(2) groups. In this study erythro- and threo-1,2-difluorocyclododecanes were prepared to explore whether the two vicinal C-F bonds, with different relative configurations, preferably locate at corner/edge or edge/edge locations. Conformational analysis comparing the diastereoisomers was explored by using a combination of (19)F{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy, computational studies and, in the case of the threo isomer, X-ray structural analysis. In the lowest energy conformers for both diastereoisomers the vicinal C-F bonds are located corner/edge, rather than edge/edge. These structures avoid placing a C-F bond endo into the ring, and appear to benefit from C-CHF-C angle widening, which relaxes 1,4-H,H transannular interactions.
Randomized Benchmarking of Multiqubit Gates (2012)

We describe an extension of single-qubit gate randomized benchmarking that measures the error of multiqubit gates in a quantum information processor. This platform-independent protocol evaluates the performance of Clifford unitaries, which form a basis of fault-tolerant quantum computing. We implemented the benchmarking protocol with trapped ions and found an error per random two-qubit Clifford unitary of 0.162±0.008, thus setting the first benchmark for such unitaries. By implementing a second set of sequences with an extra two-qubit phase gate inserted after each step, we extracted an error per phase gate of 0.069±0.017. We conducted these experiments with transported, sympathetically cooled ions in a multizone Paul trap-a system that can in principle be scaled to larger numbers of ions.
A Multi-Feature Fusion Using Deep Transfer Learning for Earthquake Building Damage Detection (2021)

With the recent tremendous improvements in the spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions of remote sensing imaging systems, there has been a dramatic increase in their applications. Amongst different applications of very high-resolution remote sensing images, damage detection for rapid emergency response is one of the most challenging ones. Recently, deep learning frameworks have enhanced the performance of earthquake damage detection by automatic extraction of strong deep features. However, most of the existing studies in this area focus on using nadir satellite images or orthophotos which limits the available data sources. The objective of this study is to present a multi-modal integrated structure to combine orthophoto and off-nadir images for earthquake building damage detection. In this context, a multi-feature fusion method based on deep transfer learning is presented, which contains four different steps, namely pre-processing, deep feature extraction, deep feature fusion, and transfer learning. To validate the presented framework, two comparative experiments are conducted on the 2010 Haiti earthquake, using pre- and post-event off-nadir satellite images, which were collected by WorldView-2 (WV-2) satellite platform as well as a post-event airborne orthophoto. The results demonstrate considerable advantages in identifying damaged and non-damaged buildings with over 83% for the overall accuracy.
Design for Fault Analysis Using Multi-partite, Multi-attribute Betweenness Centrality Measures (2011)

As electrical and electronic systems (EES) steadfastly increase their functional complexity and connectedness, they pose ever-growing challenges in fault analysis and prevention. Many EES faults are intermittent, emerging (new faults), or cascading, and cannot be addressed by the traditional component-level diagnostic design. Leveraging the latest advancements in Network Science, we take the holistic approach to model and analyze the highly interrelated in-vehicle EES as layered sub-networks of hardware components, software components, and communication links. We develop multi-partite, multi-attribute betweenness centrality measures to quantify the complexity and maintainability of the layered EES network. We then use the betweenness centrality distribution to identify fault analysis monitoring points and fault-mitigation strategies. The promising results obtained by our initial empirical study of an example in-vehicle EES presents a first step toward network-theory based IVHM.
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) - Techniques, performance and potential (1991)

The goal of receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) for the Global Positioning System (GPS) is to provide a sufficient level of navigation integrity for all phases of flight based on the signals transmitted by the GPS satellites only. Integrity requirements for airborne use of GPS are reviewed. This is followed by the description of a baseline fault detection algorithm which is shown to be capable of satisfying tentative integrity requirements. The related issue of testing the fault detection algorithm is also briefly addressed. Preliminary performance results for the baseline fault detection algorithm are presented, along with the potential of RAIM techniques for achieving GPS integrity.
Evaluation of a Packed Bed Immobilized Microbe Bioreactor for the Continuous Biodegradation of Contaminated Ground Waters and Industry Effluents: Case Studies (1988)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A biological treatment process employing immobilized microbial populations was field tested on contaminated ground waters and industry effluent having elevated concentrations of volatile organics, semi-volatile organics and organic pesticides, respectively. The process, consisting of a packed bed biological reactor, containing specific adapted microbial strains immobilized on a porous diatomaceous earth support was operated in a plug flow configuration over an extended period. General process measurements included temperature, pH, total organic carbon and COD. Microbial adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) measurements provided estimates on immobilized biomass performance. Specific chemical analyses of waste stream constituents were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) methods for both feed and treated streams. Data sets are presented on the biotransformation/biodegradation kinetics of specific volatile organics, organophosphate pesticides and organochlorine pesticides. Additionally, information is presented on the use of this technology in the continuous biotreatmcnt of chlorinated ethanes and ethylenes associated with a contaminated ground water site adjacent to a petrochemical facility. Process viability of this multiple microbe/multiple toxicant treatment approach has been determined based upon comparisons to carbon adsorption technology.&lt;/div&gt;
On nonlinear optical properties of chiral materials (2014)

An overview of different nonlinear optical phenomena occurring in nanopatterned materials is presented. In particular a discussion about second order nonlinear effects is reported, for both natural and/or artificial chiral materials.
Clinical Experience With the Use of Biodegradable Tacks in Pediatric Patients With Burns (1995)

Stainless steel staples are very popular for securing grafts and dressings on patients with burns because of the speed and security with which they can be applied and the fact that stainless steel is nonreactive. In patients with large burns hundreds of staples are used and can be difficult to visualize and remove; they are therefore retained. Although stainless steel does not cause local tissue reaction, its presence can confuse the later evaluation of local pain. A new biodegradable tack has been developed. We describe an initial experience with this device in pediatric patients with burns and make suggestions regarding their use.
Low-cost, additively manufactured electron impact gas ionizer with carbon nanotube field emission cathode for compact mass spectrometry (2018)

We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of the first additively manufactured electron impact gas ionizer for compact mass spectrometry in the literature. The device occupies a total volume equal to 2.3 cm3 and is composed of a carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission electron source and a multi-material, 3D-printed multi-electrode ion-generating structure. The ionizer's electron source is a silicon chip coated with a forest of plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposited CNTs as emitting substrate and a 100 µm thick stainless-steel stencil with thousands of 100 µm diameter apertures at 150 µm aperture pitch as extraction gate. The device's ion-generating structure is a set of 3D-printed, finely featured dielectric and metallic parts that kindle interaction between electrons and neutrals and shepherd ions outside the structure; its dielectric components were printed in polymer via high-resolution digital light projection stereolithography (25 µm pixels), while its metallic pieces were binder inkjet-printed in SS 316L with features as small as 340 µm (thickness of the wires of the ion cage). The CNT field emission electron sources were experimentally characterized in high vacuum (2.0 × 10−7 Torr), emitting up to 1.4 mA @ 700 V with 31.5% gate transmission. The ionizers were characterized in air at pressures as high as 5 mTorr, generating up 38 µA ion current with 8.5% ionization efficiency. The ion current is linear with pressure, in agreement with the electron impact ionization model.
Estimating nanoparticle growth rates from size‐dependent charged fractions: Analysis of new particle formation events in Mexico City (2008)

A method to estimate nanoparticle diameter growth rates (GR) during new particle formation (NPF) events from the measured dependence of charged fraction, f , on size, D p , is introduced. The method is especially useful for observations during intense particle production rates, when the mode in the distribution of newly formed particles does not grow monotonically with time. This method assumes that the observed profile of f versus D p during the nucleation and growth period is controlled by condensational growth, ion‐particle combination/recombination, scavenging by preexisting particles, and coagulation among growing nanoparticles. Values of growth rates obtained by this method ( GR f ) agree well with independently obtained particle growth rates due to gas‐to‐particle conversion processes ( GR PSD ) during regional NPF events. The method was then applied to characterize the NPF events observed at Tecamac, Mexico. These growth rates were found to range from 15–40 nm/h, which is significantly higher than values reported for other urban areas. The production rates for 1 nm particles calculated from the estimated growth rates and measured Fuchs surface area ( J 1nm = 1900–3000 particles/cm 3 s) are comparable to those recently observed in New Delhi. Because critical nuclei are likely close to 1 nm in size, J 1nm should provide a reasonable estimate for nucleation rates.
Hydrogen Bonding Modulates Binding of Exogenous Ligands in a Myoglobin Proximal Cavity Mutant (1999)

In the sperm whale myoglobin mutant H93G, the proximal histidine is replaced by glycine, leaving a cavity in which exogenous imidazole can bind and ligate the heme iron (Barrick, D. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 6545-6554). Structural studies of this mutant suggest that serine 92 may play an important role in imidazole binding by serving as a hydrogen bond acceptor. Serine 92 is highly conserved in myoglobins, forming a well-characterized weak hydrogen bond with the proximal histidine in the native protein. We have probed the importance of this hydrogen bond through studies of the double mutants S92A/H93G and S92T/H93G incorporating exogenous imidazole and methylimidazoles. (1)H NMR spectra reveal that loss of the hydrogen bond in S92A/H93G does not affect the conformation of the bound imidazole. However, the binding constants for imidazoles to the ferrous nitrosyl complex of S92A/H93G are much weaker than in H93G. These results are discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding and steric packing within the proximal cavity. The results also highlight the importance of the trans diatomic ligand in altering the binding and sensitivity to perturbation of the ligand in the proximal cavity.
Localization of Human ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter 1 (ABC1) in Normal and Atherosclerotic Tissues (2001)

The present study examines the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABC1) mRNA in normal and atherosclerotic tissues by using in situ hybridization in an effort to better understand the function of this cholesterol transport protein. Samples of normal baboon tissues as well as human normal and atherosclerotic aortas were hybridized with (35)S-labeled ABC1 sense and antisense riboprobes. Widespread expression of ABC1 was observed generally in tissues containing inflammatory cells and lymphocytes. Other noninflammatory cells that were also sites of ABC1 synthesis included the ductal cells of the kidney medulla, Leydig cells in the testis, and glial cells in the baboon cerebellum. Although normal veins and arteries did not express ABC1 mRNA, it was found to be upregulated in the setting of atherosclerosis, where widespread expression was found in macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions. These results are consistent with the proposed role of ABC1 in cholesterol transport in inflammatory cells. The specific upregulation of ABC1 mRNA in the setting of atherosclerosis probably reflects the response of leukocytes to cholesterol loading. However, the presence of ABC1 in ductal cells of the kidney medulla and in the small intestine suggest a more general role for this protein in cholesterol transport in other cell types.
Adenosine stress CMR with variable density spiral pulse sequences accurately detects CAD with minimal dark-rim artifacts (2014)

Background Adenosine stress CMR perfusion imaging has numerous advantages over competing modalities for assessing CAD demonstrating high diagnostic and prognostic utility. However, adenosine stress CMR perfusion imaging is limited by motion-induced dark-rim artifacts (DRA) which may be mistaken for true perfusion abnormalities. We have previously demonstrated that a high-resolution variable-density spiral pulse sequence with a novel density compensation strategy reduces ringing artifacts in firstpass perfusion imaging. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical performance of this new technique to detect obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).
RADIUS Authentication Client MIB (1999)

This memo defines a set of extensions which instrument RADIUS authentication client functions. These extensions represent a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. Using these extensions IP-based management stations can manage RADIUS authentication clients.
Evidence for difference in the roles of two cysteine residues involved in disulfide bond formation in the folding of human lysozyme. (1990)

Human lysozyme is made up of 130 amino acid residues and has four disulfide bonds at Cys6-Cys128, Cys30-Cys116, Cys65-Cys81, and Cys77-Cys95. Our previous results using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretion system indicate that the individual disulfide bonds of human lysozyme have different functions in the correct in vivo folding and enzymatic activity of the protein (Taniyama, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Nakao, M., Kikuchi, M., and Ikehara, M. (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 152, 962-967). In this paper, we report the results of experiments that were focused on the roles of Cys65 and Cys81 in the folding of human lysozyme protein in yeast. A mutant protein (C81A), in which Cys81 was replaced with Ala, had almost the same enzymatic activity and conformation as those of the native enzyme. On the other hand, another mutant (C65A), in which Cys65 was replaced with Ala, was not found to fold correctly. These results indicate that Cys81 is not a requisite for both correct folding and activity, whereas Cys65 is indispensable. The mutant protein C81A is seen to contain a new, non-native disulfide bond at Cys65-Cys77. The possible occurrence of disulfide bond interchange during our mapping experiments cannot be ruled out by the experimental techniques presently available, but characterization of other mutant proteins and computer analysis suggest that the intramolecular exchange of disulfide bonds is present in the folding pathway of human lysozyme in vivo.
Design and fabrication of a corporate-feed plate-laminated waveguide slot array antenna for 120GHz-band (2011)

We propose a double-layer slotted waveguide array antenna having a wide bandwidth and a high efficiency for 120 GHz band. The diffusion bonding of laminated thin metal plates provides high precision even in very high millimeter bands such as 120 GHz. We design a 16×16-element array antenna having 90% peak aperture efficiency with 33.4 dBi at 126.5 GHz.
Does nicotine affect D2 receptor upregulation? A case–control study (2004)

These human observations agree with animal data which showed that nicotine can decrease neuroleptic-induced D2 receptor upregulation. This property of nicotine may play a protective role in movement disorders whose pathophysiology involves D2 receptor hypersensitivity.
Data from Combined Inhibition of mTOR and CDK4/6 Is Required for Optimal Blockade of E2F Function and Long-term Growth Inhibition in Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)–retinoblastoma (RB)–E2F pathway plays a critical role in the control of cell cycle in estrogen receptor–positive (ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) breast cancer. Small-molecule inhibitors of CDK4/6 have shown promise in this tumor type in combination with hormonal therapies, reflecting the particular dependence of this subtype of cancer on cyclin D1 and E2F transcription factors. mTOR inhibitors have also shown potential in clinical trials in this disease setting. Recent data have suggested cooperation between the PI3K/mTOR pathway and CDK4/6 inhibition in preventing early adaptation and eliciting growth arrest, but the mechanisms of the interplay between these pathways have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that profound and durable inhibition of ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer growth is likely to require multiple hits on E2F-mediated transcription. We demonstrate that inhibition of mTORC1/2 does not affect ER function directly, but does cause a decrease in cyclin D1 protein, RB phosphorylation, and E2F-mediated transcription. Combination of an mTORC1/2 inhibitor with a CDK4/6 inhibitor results in more profound effects on E2F-dependent transcription, which translates into more durable growth arrest and a delay in the onset of resistance. Combined inhibition of mTORC1/2, CDK4/6, and ER delivers even more profound and durable regressions in breast cancer cell lines and xenografts. Furthermore, we show that CDK4/6 inhibitor–resistant cell lines reactivate the CDK–RB–E2F pathway, but remain sensitive to mTORC1/2 inhibition, suggesting that mTORC1/2 inhibitors may represent an option for patients that have relapsed on CDK4/6 therapy. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 908–20. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Antagonists of angiotensin II containing N-methyl-<scp>L</scp>-alanine and <scp>DL</scp>-nipecotic acid in position 7 (1979)

[1-sarcosine, 7-N-methyl-L-alanine, 8-isoleucine]-Angiotensin II and [1-sarcosine, 7-DL-nipecotic acid, 8-isoleucine]-angiotensin II were synthesized by the solid-phase method and purified by cation-exchange chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. In the isolated rat uterus these analogs and less than 0.1% of the myotropic activity of angiotensin II and inhibited angiotensin II with pA2 values of 8.2 and 7.8, respectively. In the rat pressor assay (vagotomized ganglion blocked rat) these analogs had 0.9 and 2.8%, respectively, of the pressor activity of angiotensin II. The results show that the proline residue in position 7 of [Sar1,Ile8]-angiotensin II may be replaced by other secondary amino acids without disrupting interactions at angiotensin II receptors.
Functional intron-derived miRNAs and host-gene expression in plants (2018)

The combination of an overexpression construct with an artificial intronic microRNA allows for a simultaneous dual function in plants. The concept therefore adds new options to engineering of plant traits that require multiple gene manipulations.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia Based on a Perovskite LaCrO<sub>3</sub> Catalyst (2019)

Abstract Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia through the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has the possibility to revolutionize our production of ammonia and to save our planet from both emissions and large energy consumption. In this study, a perovskite structured lanthanum chromite catalyst (LaCrO 3 ) is synthesized, characterized as well as electrochemically evaluated for NRR. The highest ammonia yield is obtained at −0.8 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode with an ammonia formation rate of 24.8 μg h −1 mg −1 cat , and a Faradaic efficiency of 15 %. Material calculation further confirms the possible mechanism of ammonia formation with the aid of LaCrO 3 catalyst. The resulting conclusion offers a great alternative with the easily produced and low‐cost perovskite structured electrocatalysts for ammonia production.
BrainLiner: A Platform for Neurophysiological Data Sharing and Manipulation (2011)

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