gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmit strategies for the mimo two-way amplify-forward channel with multiple relays and mmse receiver (2010)

Two-way multi-antenna relaying with multiple relays offers great potential to increase the reliability and performance of bidirectional data transmission in relay networks. The optimal transmit strategies at the relay and at the nodes are known for the decode and forward strategy at one relay. However, for multiple linear amplify and forward relays the optimal strategy is not known. We compare three different recent proposals, DFT relaying, dual channel matching, and ANOMAX with optimal transmit strategies at the nodes under average power constraints at the relays and with linear MMSE receivers. It turns out that for a few relays DFT relaying performs reasonably whereas for more relays channel aware relaying gains significantly in performance. For large number of relays in rich multi-path fading it is more important to adapt the relay strategy than the node strategies to the current channel state.
Data from Discovery and Therapeutic Exploitation of Mechanisms of Resistance to MET Inhibitors in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary malignant brain tumor. The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is frequently upregulated or overactivated in GBM. Although clinically applicable MET inhibitors have been developed, resistance to single modality anti-MET drugs frequently occurs, rendering these agents ineffective. We aimed to determine the mechanisms of MET inhibitor resistance in GBM and use the acquired information to develop novel therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We investigated two clinically applicable MET inhibitors: crizotinib, an ATP-competitive small molecule inhibitor of MET, and onartuzumab, a monovalent monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of the MET receptor. We developed new MET inhibitor–resistant cells lines and animal models and used reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) and functional assays to uncover the compensatory pathways in MET inhibitor–resistant GBM.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;We identified critical proteins that were altered in MET inhibitor–resistant GBM including mTOR, FGFR1, EGFR, STAT3, and COX-2. Simultaneous inhibition of MET and one of these upregulated proteins led to increased cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation in resistant cells compared with either agent alone. In addition, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; treatment of mice bearing MET-resistant orthotopic xenografts with COX-2 or FGFR pharmacological inhibitors in combination with MET inhibitor restored sensitivity to MET inhibition and significantly inhibited tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These data uncover the molecular basis of adaptive resistance to MET inhibitors and identify new FDA-approved multidrug therapeutic combinations that can overcome resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Solution‐Phase Combinatorial Libraries: Modulating Cellular Signaling by Targeting Protein–Protein or Protein–DNA Interactions (2003)

The high-throughput synthesis and screening of compound libraries hold tremendous promise for drug discovery and powerful methods for both solid-phase and solution-phase library preparation have been introduced. The question of which approach (solution-phase versus solid-phase) is best for the preparation of chemical libraries has been replaced by which approach is most appropriate for a particular target or screen. Herein we highlight distinctions in the two approaches that might serve as useful considerations at the onset of new programs. This is followed by a more personal account of our own focus on solution-phase techniques for the preparation of libraries designed to modulate cellular signaling by targeting protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions. The screening of our libraries against a prototypical set of extracellular and intracellular targets, using a wide range of assay formats, provided the first small-molecule modulators of the protein-protein interactions studied, and a generalized approach for conducting such studies.
&lt;title&gt;High-resolution ultrafast eye tracking system&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

This paper presents an eye tracking system that combines optical and electronic image processing for the precise measurement of eye movement parameters, including direction, speed, and acceleration. The system applies optical joint Fourier transform correlator and novelty filtering to measure the cross-correlation peak displacement caused by eye movements using magnified images of iris landmark patterns. This permits a 0.026 degree(s) accuracy of eye displacement measurements within a 6 degree(s) tracking range, or a 0.1 degree(s) accuracy within a 20 degree(s) range. Using digital micromirror device SLMs in the Fourier transform optical system, an inverse Fourier transform DSP module, and a high-speed digital camera, the eye tracking system will make it possible to detect and characterize saccadic intrusions in smooth pursuit eye movement.
Residual hydrogen concentration levels in graphite (1988)

Hydrogen concentration versus depth profiles obtained with secondary ion mass spectrometry of a high-purity graphite (POCO) indicate that unannealed POCO has a residual subsurface H level on the order of 0.4% H/C. Vacuum annealing to 910 °C for several hours reduces this level by over an order of magnitude. However, reabsorption of hydrogen containing gases during air exposure occurs in the near surface region. Prolonged air exposure brings the residual hydrogen level within 5 μm of the surface back to the levels seen in unannealed POCO samples.
Gene-breaking: A new paradigm for human retrotransposon-mediated gene evolution (2005)

The L1 retrotransposon is the most highly successful autonomous retrotransposon in mammals. This prolific genome parasite may on occasion benefit its host through genome rearrangements or adjustments of host gene expression. In examining possible effects of L1 elements on host gene expression, we investigated whether a full-length L1 element inserted in the antisense orientation into an intron of a cellular gene may actually split the gene's transcript into two smaller transcripts: (1) a transcript containing the upstream exons and terminating in the major antisense polyadenylation site (MAPS) of the L1, and (2) a transcript derived from the L1 antisense promoter (ASP) that includes the downstream exons of the gene. Bioinformatic analysis and experimental follow-up provide evidence for this L1 "gene-breaking" hypothesis. We identified three human genes apparently "broken" by L1 elements, as well as 12 more candidate genes. Most of the inserted L1 elements in our 15 candidate genes predate the human/chimp divergence. If indeed split, the transcripts of these genes may in at least one case encode potentially interacting proteins, and in another case may encode novel proteins. Gene-breaking represents a new mechanism through which L1 elements remodel mammalian genomes.
Hydrophobic Dimerization and Thermal Dissociation of Perylenediimide-Linked DNA Hairpins (2009)

The structure and properties of hairpin-forming bis(oligonucleotide) conjugates possessing perylenediimide (PDI) chromophores as hairpin linkers have been investigated using a combination of spectroscopic and computational methods. These conjugates exist predominantly as monomer hairpins at room temperature in the absence of added salt and as head-to-head hairpin dimers in the presence of >50 mM NaCl. The hairpin dimer structure is consistent with the results of small-angle X-ray scattering in aqueous solution and molecular dynamics simulation. The structure of the nonconjugated PDI dimer in water is investigated using potential of mean force calculations. The salt dependence is attributed to increased cation condensation in the hairpin dimer vs monomer. Upon heating at low salt concentrations, the hairpin dimer undergoes sequential dissociation to form the monomer hairpin followed by conversion to a random coil structure; whereas at high salt concentrations both dissociation processes occur over the same temperature range. The monomer and dimer hairpins have distinct spectroscopic properties both in the ground state and excited singlet state. The UV and CD spectra provide evidence for electronic interaction between PDI and the adjacent base pair. Low fluorescence quantum yields are observed for both the monomer and dimer. The transient absorption spectrum of the dimer undergoes time-dependent spectral changes attributed to a change in the PDI-PDI torsional angle from ca. 20 degrees in the Franck-Condon singlet state to ca. 0 degrees in the relaxed singlet state, a process which occurs within ca. 40 ps.
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpenes from Gorgonian Corals (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of blockade of postsynaptic H1 or H2 receptors or activation of presynaptic H3 receptors on catecholamine-induced stimulation of ACTH and prolactin secretion (2000)

The effect of inhibition of the neuronal histaminergic system by blockade of postsynaptic H1 or H2 receptors or activation of presynaptic H3 autoreceptors on the ACTH and prolactin responses to the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine was investigated in conscious male rats. Intracerebroventricular infusion of epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulated ACTH and prolactin secretion. Prior intracerebroventricular infusion of the H1 receptor antagonist, mepyramine, or the H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, had no effect on the ACTH response to epinephrine or norepinephrine, while these responses were inhibited by pretreatment with the H3 receptor agonist, imetit. The prolactin response to norepinephrine was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with mepyramine, cimetidine or imetit whereas the three histaminergic compounds had no effect on the prolactin response to epinephrine. The findings suggest that the histaminergic system exerts a mediating or permissive action on the norepinephrine-induced stimulation of prolactin secretion, whereas an intact histaminergic system may not be required for catecholamines to stimulate ACTH secretion. The inhibitory effect of imetit on catecholamine-induced release of ACTH may be due to an activation of H3 receptors located presynaptically on non-histaminergic neurons, e.g. aminergic neurons. The study further indicates an important role of histamine in the neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin secretion.
Development of a cardiovascular magnetic resonance‐compatible large animal isolated heart model for direct comparison of beating and arrested hearts (2022)

Cardiac motion results in image artefacts and quantification errors in many cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques, including microstructural assessment using diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DT-CMR). Here, we develop a CMR-compatible isolated perfused porcine heart model that allows comparison of data obtained in beating and arrested states. Ten porcine hearts (8/10 for protocol optimisation) were harvested using a donor heart retrieval protocol and transported to the remote CMR facility. Langendorff perfusion in a 3D-printed chamber and perfusion circuit re-established contraction. Hearts were imaged using cine, parametric mapping and STEAM DT-CMR at cardiac phases with the minimum and maximum wall thickness. High potassium and lithium perfusates were then used to arrest the heart in a slack and contracted state, respectively. Imaging was repeated in both arrested states. After imaging, tissue was removed for subsequent histology in a location matched to the DT-CMR data using fiducial markers. Regular sustained contraction was successfully established in six out of 10 hearts, including the final five hearts. Imaging was performed in four hearts and one underwent the full protocol, including colocalised histology. The image quality was good and there was good agreement between DT-CMR data in equivalent beating and arrested states. Despite the use of autologous blood and dextran within the perfusate, T2 mapping results, DT-CMR measures and an increase in mass were consistent with development of myocardial oedema, resulting in failure to achieve a true diastolic-like state. A contiguous stack of 313 5-μm histological sections at and a 100-μm thick section showing cell morphology on 3D fluorescent confocal microscopy colocalised to DT-CMR data were obtained. A CMR-compatible isolated perfused beating heart setup for large animal hearts allows direct comparisons of beating and arrested heart data with subsequent colocalised histology, without the need for onsite preclinical facilities.
CodeNet: Training Large Scale Neural Networks in Presence of Soft-Errors (2019)

This work proposes the first strategy to make distributed training of neural networks resilient to computing errors, a problem that has remained unsolved despite being first posed in 1956 by von Neumann. He also speculated that the efficiency and reliability of the human brain is obtained by allowing for low power but error-prone components with redundancy for error-resilience. It is surprising that this problem remains open, even as massive artificial neural networks are being trained on increasingly low-cost and unreliable processing units. Our coding-theory-inspired strategy, "CodeNet," solves this problem by addressing three challenges in the science of reliable computing: (i) Providing the first strategy for error-resilient neural network training by encoding each layer separately; (ii) Keeping the overheads of coding (encoding/error-detection/decoding) low by obviating the need to re-encode the updated parameter matrices after each iteration from scratch. (iii) Providing a completely decentralized implementation with no central node (which is a single point of failure), allowing all primary computational steps to be error-prone. We theoretically demonstrate that CodeNet has higher error tolerance than replication, which we leverage to speed up computation time. Simultaneously, CodeNet requires lower redundancy than replication, and equal computational and communication costs in scaling sense. We first demonstrate the benefits of CodeNet in reducing expected computation time over replication when accounting for checkpointing. Our experiments show that CodeNet achieves the best accuracy-runtime tradeoff compared to both replication and uncoded strategies. CodeNet is a significant step towards biologically plausible neural network training, that could hold the key to orders of magnitude efficiency improvements.
Biosynthesis of anatoxin-a(s). (2S,4S)-4-hydroxyarginine as an intermediate (1995)

T. Hemscheidt, D. L. Burgoyne and R. E. Moore, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 205 DOI: 10.1039/C39950000205
Guest Editorial—Selected Papers From the 2017 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (2017)

The papers in this special section were presented at the 2017 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) that was held in San Francisco, California, USA from February 5 to February 9, 2017.
Evaluation of an Insect Collecting System and an Ultra-Low-Volume Spray System on a Remotely Piloted Vehicle1 (1986)

Systems on a remotely piloted vehicle for collecting insects flying above peach and pecan trees and for applying ultra-low-volume (ULV) sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner for control of walnut caterpiller, Datana integerrima Grote & Robinson, and fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), on pecan trees were evaluated. The insect collecting system was composed of two nets (19 cm diam) that were remotely opened and closed during collecting operations. Insect collections were made at average elevations of 8 and 21 m above peach and 28 and 54 m above pecan trees. On three dates during May, a total of 234 and 119 specimens from six insect orders was collected above peach and pecan trees, respectively. The most numerous families were from the orders Diptera and Hymenoptera. The ULV spray system was composed of four spray nozzles (Micron) mounted on the lower wing. Two ULV applications of B. thuringiensis sprays applied by the RPV against walnut caterpillar and fall webworm colonies on pecans provided 93% control of walnut caterpillars at 17 days and 80% control of fall webworms at 23 days. The first spray was applied at the rate of 4.8 liters/ha and the second at 9.5 liters/ha.