gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calculating normalization constants of closed queueing networks by numerically inverting their generating functions (1995)

A new algorithm is developed for calculating normalization constants (partition functions) and moments of product-form steady-state distributions of closed queuing networks and related models. The essential idea is to numerically invert the generating function of the normalization constant and related generating functions appearing in expressions for the moments. It is known that the generating function of the normalization constant often has a remarkably simple form, but numerical inversion evidently has not been considered before. For p -dimensional transforms, as occur with queuing networks having p closed chains, the algorithm recursively performs p one-dimensional inversions. The required computation grows exponentially in the dimension, but the dimension can often be reduced by exploiting conditional decomposition based on special structure. For large populations, the inversion algorithm is made more efficient by computing large sums using Euler summation. The inversion algorithm also has a very low storage requirement. A key ingredient in the inversion algorithm is scaling. An effective static scaling is developed for multichain closed queuing networks with only single-server and (optionally) infinite-server queues. An important feature of the inversion algorithm is a self-contained accuracy check, which allows the results to be verified in the absence of alternative algorithms.
Molecular Basis of Angiogenesis: Role of VEGF and VE‐Cadherin (2000)

The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is essential for embryonic development and contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous disorders. In contrast, insufficient angiogenesis may lead to tissue ischemia and failure. The recent discovery of novel angiogenic molecules has initiated efforts to improve tissue perfusion via therapeutic angiogenesis. However, rational design of such treatment strategies mandates a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis. In this brief review, the role of a prime angiogenic candidate, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its homologues, in physiological and pathological angiogenesis will be discussed with particular attention to myocardial ischemia and heart failure. In addition, a novel interaction between the junctional protein vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) and VEGF, essential for the endothelial survival function of VEGF, will be reviewed.
Characterization of Odorants Causing an Atypical Aroma in White Pepper Powder (<i>Piper nigrum </i>L.) Based on Quantitative Measurements and Orthonasal Breakthrough Thresholds (2005)

Application of the aroma extract dilution analysis on an extract of white pepper powder showing an intense fecal, cowshed-like off-flavor revealed 3-methylindole (fecal, swine-manure) and 4-methylphenol (fecal, horse-like) with the highest flavor dilution (FD) factors among the 22 odor-active compounds detected. In addition, high FD factors and/or undesirable odor qualities suggested 3-methylphenol (phenolic), butanoic acid (cheese-like), and 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acid (cheese-like) as well as pentanoic acid and hexanoic acid (cheese-like odors) as contributors to the malodor. Although the intensities of the off-note were clearly different in 50 commercial samples of white pepper, quantitation of 3-methylindole and 3- and 4-methylphenol as well as of the five short-chain acids by means of stable isotope dilution assays showed similar concentrations in most of the samples. Storage of a freshly ground white pepper powder for up to 7 months revealed a significant decrease in the typical odor qualities of white pepper and an increase in the fecal odor note with storage time. Because the concentrations of the odorants mentioned above were not much changed during storage, possibly very volatile odorants, such as alpha-pinene, which are able to mask the malodor, are lost during storage of, in particular, pepper powders. On the basis of odor activity values, which were calculated using breakthrough thresholds, in particular, 3-methylindole, 4-methylphenol, 3-methylphenol, and butanoic acid could be suggested as the main sources of the fecal off-flavor.
Hybrid ARQ-Based Uplink/Downlink Fairness Enhancement in WLAN (2018)

The bidirectional transmission based-protocols have been proposed to resolve an uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) unfairness problem of an infrastructure mode WLAN. However, they do not guarantee the fairness in an error-prone channel. We propose two protocols enhancing the UL/DL fairness, named negative acknowledgement (NACK)-based channel reservation and hybrid automatic repeat request-based bidirectional media access control (MAC) (HyBiM). We analyze the throughput of the two protocols by proposing a new Markov chain model. The analytical and simulation results show that the HyBiM protocol guarantees the UL/DL fairness even in the error-prone channel.
Using energy where it counts: protecting important messages in the link layer (2005)

Saving energy is the most important goal in a sensor network. But shortsighted optimization for energy can lead to sensor networks that can not fulfill their task. Hence, this goal must be balanced with task related goals. One such task related goal is to transmit messages in a sufficiently reliable way. For instance for a monitoring sensor network this means that the messages that arrive at the sink node allow a good overview of the monitored area, while at the same time no energy resources are wasted. In this paper we define a "good overview" as the "informational value" that arrives at the sink node and adapt the reliability of the link layer such that the overall system efficiency is maximized. The system efficiency is defined as the informational value arriving at the sink put into relation with the energy spent by the network to get it there. Our major result is that there exists a rule that describes how to adapt the reliability of the link layer, which can be evaluated by each node using only locally available information. When the reliability of the link layer is adapted according to this rule, the system efficiency can be increased (sometimes by more than 20%) compared to the best performing nonadaptive link layer.
Resource allocation in 5G multi-tenancy network slicing for balancing distribution power systems (2022)

In recent years consumers of power have also started to generate power via renewable sources such as wind and solar. In smart grid distribution systems, controls are applied to regulate the consumption and distribution of energy to save energy and costs. These controls rely on monitoring of the power distribution systems. To monitor these systems sufficiently to optimize power flow can be costly. The advent of fifth-generation (5G) networks presents an opportunity to improve monitoring capabilities at low cost. In the 5th generation of mobile cellular networks, end-to-end network slicing is the critical enabler, such that an infrastructure provider creates various network slices for different Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) to accommodate various services. This work assumes each MVNO is a power company while nodes are sensors and actuators in the power grid. Proper resource allocation for numerous coexisting network slices is vital. We address this issue by proposing a novel scheme in Radio Access Network (RAN) network slicing to maximize spectral efficiency, subject to guaranteeing each sensor and actuator in the power grid receives a minimum requirement of slices. We characterize the fundamental hardness of our problem and develop a greedy heuristic. Next, via simulations on the IEEE 13-, 34- and 37-node test feeders, we show that the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in terms of served power after balancing the unbalanced distributed power system.
Acetabular Revision with the Contour Antiprotrusio Cage (2006)

The Contour cage introduced in 1999 was designed to improve fixation and provide a surface for bone ongrowth. To determine whether the rates of radiographic loosening and/or revision have been reduced with the Contour design, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiographs of 29 patients (average age, 68.1 years) undergoing 31 acetabular revisions with a Contour cage. The minimum followup was 24 months (mean 30 months, range, 24-58 months). Based on the Paprosky classification, two hips were Type 2B, seven were Type 3A, and 22 were Type 3B. Two hips (7%) were revised for loosening; one of these two was also infected. An additional five hips (16%) had signs of radiographic loosening. The mean Harris hip score improved from 45 to 80; functional scores improved less than the pain scores. Only 14 hips (45%) had an excellent or good clinical result and three of these 14 hips had radiographic signs of loosening; presuming these three hips eventually fail, only 35% of the hips had a good or excellent result. We found an association between number of previous surgeries and radiographic loosening and revision. Our data suggest the Contour cage offers little advantage over other antiprotrusio cages and highlight the substantial limitations of current methods available for treating patients with extensive acetabular bone loss.
Wave-optical evaluation of reflected X-ray intensity and wavefront distribution in total reflection hard X-ray by mirror optics. (2003)

A wave-optical simulator was coded and applied to the predictions of reflected beam qualities such as profiles of intensity and wavefront phase. Reflected beam qualities of flat mirrors with artificial bumps, which were modeled by Gaussian functions having a height of 1nm and widths from 0.06mm to 54mm, are investigated in the case of relatively short distance from the mirror center to the observing point such around 1m-long. As a result, bumps with the widths around 1mm make high contrast interference fringes in the reflected beam. Simulated results are examined and confirmed to be in good agreements.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Ce0.25Sr1.75(Ni1-yMy)O4-.DELTA.(M=Fe, Co) (0.LEQ.y.LEQ.0.3). (2001)

Solid solutions of Ce0.25Sr1.75(Ni1-yMy)O4-δ(M=Fe or Co, 0≤y≤0.3), having the tetragonal K2NiF4-type structure, were synthesized at 1100°C under flowing O2. The a and c-axis lengths of Ce0.25Sr1.75(Ni1-yMy)O4-δ(a=3.7999(1), c=12.3760(2)Å for Ce0.25Sr1.75NiO3.75(y=0; CeSr7Ni4O15)) increased with increasing y(a=3.8108(1), c=12.4268(4)Å for Ce0.25Sr1.75Ni0.7Fe0.3O4-δ). Decrease of the a-axis length to 3.7975 (1)Å and increase of the c-axis length to 12.4302(2)Å were observed by the substitution of Co to the composition of Ce0.25Sr1.75Ni0.7Co0.3O4-δ. Samples for characterization of the electrical properties were sintered at 1350°C and annealed at 1100°C under flowing O2. The lowest electrical resistivity (1.7-3.1×10-2Ωcm at 20-800°C) among the solid solutions was measured for Ce0.25Sr1.75(Ni0.7Fe0.3)O4-δ. Seebeck coefficients of the solid solutions ranged from -22 to -38μVK-1 around 450-500°C. The absolute values of the Seebeck coefficients decreased above or below this temperature.
Session 6: Quantum, power, and compound semiconductors devices - high-voltage power devices (2008)

The session deals with novel high voltage devices and technologies. The first part of the session focuses on high performance, low Ron, high voltage devices in sub-micron CMOS processes while the second presents exciting new structures in GaN high voltage devices. The first paper by T. Khan et al., from Freescale Semiconductor deals with a novel Resurf type LDMOS structure in 0.13 mm smart power CMOS for improving the safe operating area while maintaining a low on-state resistance. The second by M. Sambi et al., from ST Microelectronics is on integration of a 190 V Lateral Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (LIGBT) in a SOI BCD 0.35 mm technology. The paper reports on high power capability, around 2.5 times higher than an equivalent LDMOSFET implemented in the same technology. Our third paper is an invited paper by R.A. Bianchi et al., from STMicroelectronics and CEA-LETI presenting an exciting review of high voltage LDMOS type devices in advanced sub-micron CMOS technologies. Applications are in analogue baseband and RF power as well as mobile handsets. The fourth paper of the session, and the first on GaN devices, by W. Chen et al., from HKUST, demonstrates the use of fluorine plasma treatment to monolithically integrate GaN HEMTs and lateral field rectifiers. Using this technology, the HKUST group fabricated a GaN-based boost converter operating at 1 MHz. H. Ishida et al., from Matsushita Electric discuss, in the fifth paper of the session, the fabrication of GaN superjunction diodes with record performance based on polarization-induced sheet charges. The session finishes with a study, by M. Wang et al., from HKUST, on the effect of fluorine plasma on the breakdown voltage of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, where the back-barrier induced by the fluorine ions increases the breakdown voltage 35%.
Hyper-Heuristics (2015)

Practitioners often need to solve real world problems for which no custom search algorithms exist. In these cases they tend to use general-purpose solvers that have no guarantee to perform well on their specific problem. The relatively new field of hyper-heuristics provides an alternative to the potential pit-falls of general-purpose solvers, by allowing practitioners to generate a custom algorithm optimized for their problem of interest. Hyper-heuristics are meta-heuristics operating on algorithm space employing targeted primitives to compose algorithms. This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of expanding a hyper-heuristic's primitive-space with additional primitives. This should allow for an increase in quality of evolved algorithms. However, increasing the search space of a meta-heuristic almost always results in longer time to convergence and lower quality results for the same amount of computational time, but also all too often lower quality results at convergence, potentially making a problem impractical to solve for a practitioner. This paper explores the scalability of hyper-heuristics as the primitive-space is increased, demonstrating significantly increased quality solutions at convergence with a corresponding increase in convergence time. Additionally, this paper explores the impact that the nature of the added primitives have on the performance of the hyper-heuristic.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNCHRONIZER BETWEEN MICROSECOND LEVEL PULSED MAGNETIC FIELD AND NANOSECOND LEVEL ACCELERATOR IN CONDITION OF STRONG INTERFERENCE (1999)

The monostable time delay circuit、pulse steeping circuit and anti interference technique are used in the synchronizer, the synchronous problem of microsecond level pulsed magnetic field and the nanosecond level accelerator is solved, the delay time can be changed in the range of 100μs.
Off-plane x-ray grating spectrometer camera for IXO (2010)

The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is a merger of the former ESA XEUS and NASA Constellation-X missions, with additional collaboration from JAXA, proposed for launch ~2020. IXO will address the leading astrophysical questions in the 'hot universe' through its breakthrough capabilities in X-ray spectroscopy. The mission covers the 0.1 to 40 keV energy range, complementing the capabilities of the next generation observatories, such as ALMA, LSST, JWST and 30 meter ground-based telescopes. An X-ray Grating Spectrometer is baselined to provide science in the energy range 0.3-1.0 keV at a spectral resolution of E/&#916;E &gt; 3,000 with an effective area greater than 1,000 cm<sup>2</sup>. This will require an array of soft X-ray enhanced CCDs operating at a modest frame rate to measure the diffracted light in both position and energy. Here we describe the baseline camera for the Off-plane XGS instrument using mature CCD technology.
Linear transceiver design in a multiuser MIMO system with quantized channel state information (2010)

We design an end-to-end linear transceiver in the downlink of a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with multiple data streams per user and quantized channel state information at the transmitter. We minimize the sum mean squared error (SMSE) under a sum power constraint with quantization based on the mean squared inner product. We make three contributions: (i) we remove dimensionality constraints on the MIMO configuration and the resulting feedback overhead scales linearly with the number of data streams; (ii) we use the combination of eigenmode combining and minimum mean square error receiver that makes user's feedback mutually independent; (iii) we analyze SMSE at high signal-to-noise ratio and large number of transmit antennas and derive an approximate SMSE floor.
Early Identification of Students at Risk for High School Dropout (2014)

For years, many have hoped to identify why high school students drop out. Typically, studies focus on factors identified in high school or middle school. By tracking a cohort of North Carolina students from third grade onward, we attempt to identify areas for intervention even earlier in order to prevent dropouts. Indeed, we find that variables that can be viewed as indicators of high risk for drop out in middle school are already measurably present as early as third grade. This suggests interventions can begin when students are still very young and when treatment is likely to be more effective.
Direct-current effects on magnetization reversal properties of submicron-size Permalloy patterns for radio-frequency devices (2009)

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy is used to measure direct-current (dc) effects on the magnetization reversal properties of submicron-sized lateral patterned magnetic material. The observed FMR frequency-field relationship shows that for both 240 and 550 nm wide Permalloy (Py) nanowires the coercivity is reduced by ∼33% when a 50 mA dc passes through the transmission line where the nanowires are incorporated. The temperature dependence of the coercivity has a T relationship which suggests the coherent rotation mode tendency in such 100 nm thick Py nanowires.
Simulation of electron tunneling in HEMT devices (2002)

We report results of 2D simulations of the electron tunneling through hetero-interfaces and gate Schottky contact in AlGaAs/InGaAs HEMT. For the first time the rigorous non-local tunneling models have been applied for heterostructure device simulations. The simulations have been performed within hydrodynamic transport model to account for hot electrons. The tunneling through hetero-interfaces fully controls the drain current. The tunneling through the Schottky barrier is responsible for the gate leakage and can significantly affect the transfer characteristics. Further, we have found that the breakdown characteristics of a HEMT are strongly affected by the gate leakage due to tunneling through the Schottky barrier. This effect may lead to a considerable underestimation of the HEMT breakdown voltage, when non-destructive measurement methods are applied.
Effect of Dietary Lactosucrose (4G-.BETA.-D-Galactosylsucrose) on the Intestinal Immune Functions in Mice (2007)

Lactosucrose (4G-β-D-galactosylsucrose, LS) is suggested to be an oligosaccharide required for the proliferation of Bifidobacteria in the intestine. We have examined the dietary effects of LS on the intestinal immune function of mice. BALB/c mice were fed with 2 and 5% LS for 4 weeks, and the intestinal mucosal immune responses were determined. In the 2 and 5% LS fed groups, the amounts of IgA in feces and in cecum contents were significantly increased. In addition, IgA, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion by Peyer’s patch (PP) cells were enhanced in LS fed mice. In LS fed mice, pH in the cecum was decreased. LS, in addition, suppressed serum IgG1. These results suggest that LS supplementation changes the intestinal environment of microflora, and indirectly enhances the immune function in the gut, and suppresses the systemic immune response to the dominant type 2 helper T (Th2).
Susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States: analysis by site of isolation (1988)

An ongoing survey of the susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group of bacteria was continued at New England Medical Center in 1984 and 1985. A total of 1,229 strains were obtained from eight centers in the United States. These results were compared with those for 1,847 isolates tested in 1981 through 1983. The most active beta-lactam drugs were imipenem and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (Timentin), which had a less than 1% resistance rate. No metronidazole- or chloramphenicol-resistant isolates were found during the 5 years of the study. Isolates obtained from blood, perinatal, and bone sites of infection were more resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents. Susceptibility patterns of the members of the B. fragilis group varied at the eight hospitals and among species. These data indicate the need for determining the susceptibility patterns for the B. fragilis group of organisms at each hospital.
Efficient motion estimation for video coding in wireless surveillance applications (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to perform selective motion estimation specific to video coding for wireless surveillance applications. A real-time background subtractor is used to detect the presence of any motion activity in the sequence. Two approaches for selective motion estimation, group of pictures (GOP) based and frame based, are implemented. In the former, motion estimation is performed for the whole group of pictures only when moving object is detected in any frame of the GOP. While for the latter approach; each frame is tested for the motion activity and consequently for selective motion estimation. Experimental evaluation shows that significant reduction in computational complexity can be achieved by applying the proposed strategy. The achieved efficiency gains make the proposed approach suitable for low bitrate transmission in wireless applications.
Automated Sleep Arousal Detection Based on EEG Envelograms (2018)

Background: Sleep arousal is basically described as a shift in EEG activity in frequencies > 16 Hz for a duration of > 3 sec (by the American Sleep Disorders Association -ASDA). The number of these arousals during sleep is a reflection of sleep quality. In accordance with the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2018, we present a method for automatic detection of arousals in polysomnographic recordings.
Proposal of the next incarnation of accelerator test facility at KEK for the international linear collider (2005)

To reach design luminosity, the International Linear Collider (ILC) must be able to create and reliably maintain nanometer size beams. The ATF damping ring is the unique facility where ILC emittances are possible. In this paper we present and evaluate the proposal to create a final focus facility at the ATF which, using compact final focus optics and an ILC-like bunch train, would be capable of achieving 37 nm beam size. Such a facility would enable the development of beam diagnostics and tuning methods, as well as the training of young accelerator physicists. © 2005 IEEE.