gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Direct Preparation of 6‐Methylene‐2‐cyclohexenones. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hormonal control of apoptotic cell death in the testis: gonadotropins and androgens as testicular cell survival factors. (1993)

Although the requirement for pituitary gonadotropins during testicular cell differentiation is well documented, the possible role of FSH and LH in regulating testicular cell survival has not been studied. Using a quantitative autoradiographic method for the detection of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, a hallmark feature of apoptosis, the hormonal control of apoptotic cell death was studied in testicular cells collected from immature rats after hypophysectomy. After surgery, animals were treated with daily injections of 20 IU long-acting FSH agonist (FSH-CTP) or 50 IU human CG (hCG) for 2 days. Hypophysectomy decreased testis weight by 25%, but treatment with FSH-CTP or hCG prevented the effect of hypophysectomy. Testes of intact animals contained predominantly high-mol wt DNA, whereas hypophysectomy increased DNA cleavage into low-mol wt (< 15 kilobases) ladders characteristics of apoptosis. In contrast, treatment with FSH-CTP or hCG inhibited hypophysectomy-induced apoptotic DNA cleavage by 84% and 51%, respectively. Hypophysectomy-induced DNA fragmentation was found in both interstitial cells and seminiferous tubules. Similar to whole testis, treatment with FSH-CTP suppressed hypophysectomy-induced apoptosis by over 90% in seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells. In contrast, hCG treatment was less effective in preventing hypophysectomy-induced DNA cleavage (46% suppression in tubules and 77% suppression in interstitial cells). Furthermore, testosterone replacement also suppressed hypophysectomy-induced DNA fragmentation by 75% in the whole testis tissue, 64% in tubules, and 55% in interstitial cells. To further study the role of gonadotropins, intact animals were treated with a potent GnRH antagonist (Azaline B, 10 microgram/day) to decrease serum gonadotropin levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cyclopropane Structural Units from Homoaldol Adducts. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Terminal-Functionality Effect of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Brush Surfaces on Temperature-Controlled Cell Adhesion/Detachment (2013)

Terminally functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) brush grafted glass surfaces were prepared by a surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical (SI-RAFT) polymerization. SI-RAFT mediated PIPAAm chains possessed terminal dodecyl trithiocarbonate groups which can be substituted with various functional groups. In this study, dodecyl groups were substituted with hydrophilic maleimide groups for controlling the thermoresponsive character of PIPAAm brushes. PIPAAm brushes exhibited reversible temperature-dependent surface wettability changes around PIPAAm's lower critical solution temperature. Phase transition of dodecyl-terminated PIPAAm brushes clearly shifted to lower temperature than that of maleimide-terminated PIPAAm brushes, and this shift was attributed to promoted PIPAAm dehydration via terminal hydrophobes. By using this feature, the specific adhesion temperatures of bovine carotid artery endothelial cells (BAECs) on the PIPAAm brush surfaces were successfully controlled. BAECs were initiated to adhere on dodecyl-PIPAAm surfaces at 31 °C, while their adhesion was significantly suppressed on maleimide-PIPAAm surfaces under 33 °C. In contrast, terminal functionality scarcely affected the thermoresponsive behavior of PIPAAm brushes in the polymer rehydration process by reducing temperatures, and thus, the difference in spontaneous cell detachment from different PIPAAm-brush surface was negligible. Consequently, confluently cultured cells were able to be harvested as contiguous cell sheets from individual surfaces with comparable periods at 20 °C.
Human authentication implemented for mobile applications based on ECG-data acquired from sensorized garments (2015)

In recent years biometric systems gain more and more importance. Studies showed, that authentication with a clinical electrocardiogram (ECG) is principally possible and hence could be used as a biometric feature. In this work an algorithm was implemented. which is capable of segmenting single heartbeats of a mobile recorded single-channel-ECG. Based on these heartbeats, fiducial features, features from the combination of autocorrelation and discrete cosine transform, and wavelet features were extracted and considered for the classification process. They were evaluated concerning distinctiveness and stability over time. In order to reduce the feature space, sequential forward selection was used to eliminate unstable and non-distinctive features. A sensorized garment was used to derive ECG-signals from ten persons in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. The wavelet-transform provides the best features since it is focusing on the characteristics of the QRS-complex of a human heartbeat, which provides the most stable information over time. Using the wavelet coefficients as features the developed authentication algorithm produced an equal error rate of 12.53 %.
Laparoscopic Treatment of a Stone-Filled, Caliceal Diverticulum: A Definitive, Minimally Invasive Therapeutic Option (1994)

We describe the laparoscopic treatment of a symptomatic, stone-filled caliceal diverticulum in a patient who would have otherwise required open surgical excision of the diverticulum. Laparoscopic management was chosen as an alternative to an open operation in this patient because the anterior location of the diverticulum precluded treatment with percutaneous nephrolithotomy, while the stone burden and stenotic orifice precluded management with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The patient had no morbidity, returned to the preoperative activity level by 2 weeks and remains asymptomatic. The options for managing caliceal diverticula are discussed.
Detecting Resized JPEG Images by Analyzing High Frequency Elements in DCT Coefficients (2010)

In this paper, we propose a method for detecting resized JPEG images. We defined 8 × 8 periodic blocks as JPEG blocks. JPEG block boundaries are detected by applying 8 × 8 block discrete cosine transform (DCT) to all the pixels of the input image and analyzing the high frequency coefficients in them. In order to quantitatively analyze the degree of forgery, we have developed two approaches such as truth-score and correlation-score methods. Experimental results using 375 original (untouched) JPEG images and 2,250 resized images recompressed with a variety of quality factors demonstrated that our proposed method can classify them with over 90% of accuracy. Our proposed method can detect not only conventional resizing but also state-of-the-art non-linear resizing such as seam carving.
Precise Angle Estimation by Jointly Using Spatial/Temporal Change of Channel State Information and Its Application in Pedestrian Positioning (2021)

Previously, we have proposed a pedestrian positioning method that uses vehicles near a pedestrian as anchors, and combines vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication signals and GPS signals for high precision positioning. In this method, pedestrian-vehicle distance and angle of arrival (AoA) are estimated from the channel state information (CSI) of vehicular signals and used in position computation, but the precision of angle estimation is limited due to the small number of antennas that can be mounted on a mobile device. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a new method to estimate AoA precisely by jointly using spatial change of CSI at multiple antennas and temporal change of CSI per antenna (caused by pedestrian/vehicle movement), and on this basis improve pedestrian positioning precision. Specifically, a two-dimensional antenna array is constructed from CSI acquired from multiple antennas/timings, and the MUSIC method with spatial smoothing is applied to estimate AoA. 3D ray tracing simulations with real 3D map confirm that the proposed method can effectively improve the precision of angle estimation and reduce positioning error when only a small number of antennas are available at a pedestrian device, and the performance increases with the number of antennas.
Transient Interfacial Tension Behavior of Crude-Oil/Caustic Interfaces (1989)

Summary A systematic study is conducted to describe the transient interfacial tension (IFT) behavior of crude-oil/caustic interfaces. The variation in this behavior with variation in the composition of the aqueous phase and other parameters is the focus of this study. It is found that at low pH values, the experimentally observed behavior is similar to that reported earlier. At high pH values, however, a maximum in IFT is observed, followed by a minimum at a late time. Sodium chloride is shown to have no significant effect on the shape of the transient IFT curve, but the absolute values of IFT are at lower NaCl concentrations. Divalent ions dramatically increase the IFT. A chemical model that takes into account the kinetics and the detailed chemistry of the process is used to explain the observed phenomena. The phenomenological surface phase approach is used to model the interface. The resultant set of ordinary differential equations is linearized by making certain justifiable, simplifying assumptions. The analytical solution to the set of equations yields the variation of the various concentrations with time. The IFT is then related to the interfacial concentration of the surface-active species, As− by the Gibbs equation. The variation in the transient IFT behavior on changing the kinetic constants, phase volumes, and ionic concentrations is discussed. Finally it is shown that the extension of this model to a two-component model would successfully explain all the experimentally observed phenomena.
A general analysis on the timing jitter in D/A converters (2003)

A general analysis on stochastic timing errors (clock or timing jitter) is presented for Digital to Analog Converters (DACs). The obtained results describe the effects of (non)correlated errors for given signal properties, and reveal the nature of the tradeoff between oversampling ratio, resolution and noise shaping in the context of noise-shaped DACs and Continuous-Time (CT) Sigma Delta (EA) ADCs. The importance of timing jitter for wideband DAC performance is exemplified with theory and simulations.
Nano‐Segregation and Directed Self‐Assembly in the Formation of Functional Liquid Crystals (2012)

Abstract It is often a question that is asked: “How can you predict from the molecular architecture of a material the structure of the condensed phases it forms, and what properties would you expect the phase to exhibit?” For liquid crystals, knowing how to design materials for particular applications requires precision molecular engineering. In this article we examine how molecular topology and interactions influence phase formation and report on material design.
A tale of two approaches: complementary mechanisms of cytotoxic and targeted therapy resistance may inform next-generation cancer treatments (2013)

Chemotherapy and molecularly targeted approaches represent two very different modes of cancer treatment and each is associated with unique benefits and limitations. Both types of therapy share the overarching limitation of the emergence of drug resistance, which prevents these drugs from eliciting lasting clinical benefit. This review will provide an overview of the various mechanisms of resistance to each of these classes of drugs and examples of drug combinations that have been tested clinically. This analysis supports the contention that understanding modes of resistance to both chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies may be very useful in selecting those drugs of each class that will have complementing mechanisms of sensitivity and thereby represent reasonable combination therapies.
Telemedicine visits reduce time to biopsy, travel time and costs for interventional radiology patients. (2020)

2082 Background: Telemedicine has been utilized to increase access to care for patients in primary care practices and more recently, specialty practices. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that adding a telemedicine clinic practice could decrease the time to biopsy, travel time and cost for interventional radiology (IR) clinic patients. Methods: Telemedicine visits were performed by a physician or advanced practice provider (PA or NP) at a single institution, academic medical center to patients at 3 MSK regional locations in NY and NJ. Total patient encounters and data from November 2017 to October 2019 were analyzed. Primary outcome measures were wait time from the IR referral to biopsy procedure visits, patient travel time and travel cost, stratified by in-person vs telemedicine visit. Round-trip travel distance and costs for patients were calculated by determining the offset travel. Cost (economic) benefit was the sum of: Federal cost per mile for travel, toll and parking costs, and doctor visit lost wages. Results: There were 172 MSK Regional site telemedicine visits. There was a significant reduction in time from referral to biopsy for telemedicine visits compared to in-person visits (12 vs 17 days, p &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in travel time for telemedicine visits vs travel time to Manhattan for an in-person visit (p &lt; 0.0001). Telemedicine visit patients had to travel 367 less hours than an in-person visit and saved a total of 11,222 in miles that they did not have to travel. Telemedicine patients accrued $14,652 in economic benefits due to reduced travel costs and lost wages from work. Conclusions: Telemedicine significantly reduced the time to biopsy, travel time and cost for Interventional Radiology patients compared to in-person visits. Telemedicine for IR patients increases access to care for patients and allow for more efficient use of physician time and resources.
Sipa1 deficiency–induced bone marrow niche alterations lead to the initiation of myeloproliferative neoplasm (2018)

Mutations of signal-induced proliferation-associated gene 1 (<i>SIPA1</i>), a RAP1 GTPase-activating protein, were reported in patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, a childhood myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN). <i>Sipa1</i> deficiency in mice leads to the development of age-dependent MPN. However, <i>Sipa1</i> expression in bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and its effect on the pathogenesis of MPN remain unclear. We here report that <i>Sipa1</i> is expressed in human and mouse BM stromal cells and downregulated in these cells from patients with MPN or MDS/MPN at diagnosis. By using the <i>Sipa1</i><sup>-/-</sup> MPN mouse model, we find that <i>Sipa1</i> deletion causes phenotypic and functional alterations of BM mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells prior to the initiation of the MPN. Importantly, the altered <i>Sipa1</i><sup>-/-</sup> BM niche is required for the development of MDS/MPN following transplantation of normal hematopoietic cells. RNA sequencing reveals an enhanced inflammatory cytokine signaling and dysregulated <i>Dicer1</i>, <i>Kitl</i>, <i>Angptl1</i>, <i>Cxcl12</i>, and <i>Thpo</i> in the <i>Sipa1</i><sup>-/-</sup> BM cellular niches. Our data suggest that <i>Sipa1</i> expression in the BM niche is critical for maintaining BM niche homeostasis. Moreover, <i>Sipa1</i> loss-induced BM niche alterations likely enable evolution of clonal hematopoiesis to the hematological malignancies. Therefore, restoring <i>Sipa1</i> expression or modulating the altered signaling pathways involved might offer therapeutic potential for MPN.
Short course therapy with cefuroxime axetil for acute otitis media: results of a randomized multicenter comparison with amoxicillin/clavulanate (1999)

A 5-day course of CAE, given twice daily, was shown to be equivalent to the two regimens of A/CA for treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in children.
Decarburization of 3%Si-1.1%Mn-0.05%C Steel Sheets by Silicon Dioxide and Development of 100&lt; 012&gt; Texture (2003)

Decarburization of silicon steel sheets by annealing with oxide separators has been found to cause a high degree of {100}-texture development. Cold-rolled Fe–3%Si–1.1%Mn–0.05%C sheets of 0.35 mm thickness were laminated with separators containing SiO2. They were then annealed under a reduced pressure at about 1300 K in a ferrite and austenite two phase region. It has been observed that carbon concentration notably decreases down to 0.001% during the lamination annealing. Thus an almost complete decarburization of sheet steels was possible, whereas no oxidation of silicon as well as manganese and iron occurred. Associated with decarburization, columnar ferrite grains grew inward from sheet surfaces due to the phase transformation from austenite to ferrite. A {100}〈012〉 texture dramatically developed in the columnar grains. Fully decarburized materials consisted of grains of 0.6 mm diameter, more than 90% of which were closely aligned with {100}〈012〉 orientation. Another aspect of great interest in the grain structure after decarburization was that there existed convoluted domains of a few mm in width, in which dozens of grains were oriented in a single variant of the texture, (100)[012] or (100)[021]. The decarburization is considered to be caused by the thermo-chemical reaction, 2C+SiO2→Si+2CO. The texture development is most likely to be due to the orientation dependence of surface free energy under an oxidation-free surface condition.
Neuronal/astrocytic expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 is associated with monocyte/macrophage recruitment in male chronic pelvic pain (2020)

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a multisymptom syndrome with unknown etiology. The experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mouse model of chronic pelvic pain syndrome is associated with immune cell infiltration into the prostate, expression of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Here, we studied CCL2 expression in tissues along the nociceptive pathway and its association with neuroimmune cells during pain development. Examination of prostate tissues at days 14 and 28 after EAP induction revealed CCL2 expression was increased in epithelial cells and was associated with increased numbers of macrophages lying in close apposition to PGP9.5-positive afferent neuronal fibers. C-C Chemokine ligand 2 immunoreactivity was elevated to a similar degree in the dorsal root ganglia at day 14 and day 28. D14 of EAP was associated with elevated IBA1 cells in the dorsal root ganglia that were not evident at D28. Adoptive transfer of green fluorescent protein+ leukocytes into EAP mice demonstrated monocytes are capable of infiltrating the spinal cord from peripheral blood with what seemed to be a proinflammatory phenotype. In the lower dorsal spinal cord, CCL2 expression localized to NeuN expressing neurons and GFAP-expressing astrocytes. Myeloid derived cell infiltration into the spinal cord in EAP was observed in the L6-S2 dorsal horn. Myeloid-derived CD45 IBA1+ cells were localized with IBA1+ TMEM199+ microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in EAP, with intimate association of the 2 cell types suggesting cell-cell interactions. Finally, intrathecal administration of liposomal clodronate ameliorated pelvic pain symptoms, suggesting a mechanistic role for macrophages and microglia in chronic pelvic pain.
Supramolecular hydrogen‐bonded liquid–crystalline polymer complexes. Design of side‐chain polymers and a host–guest system by noncovalent interaction (1996)

Supramolecular liquid–crystalline polymeric complexes based on a backbone that contains vinyl pyridine units and azobenzene or biphenyl derivatives that posses alkyl chains terminated by carboxylic acid have been obtained by the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic acid and the pyridyl moieties. The polymeric complexes behave as side-chain liquid–crystalline polymers and exhibit smectic phases. A new type of H-bonded host-guest liquid–crystalline system is also reported. The liquid–crystalline host copolymers contain both mesogenic acrylate and 4-vinylpyridine units. The guest molecule is an azobenzene that has a carboxylic acid moiety at one of its extremities. The H-bonded polymeric host–guest complexes exhibit nematic phases. Sequential UV and visible light irradiation of the polymeric complex causes reversible photochemically induced phase transitions. The isothermal nematic–isotropic and isotropic–nematic transitions result from the trans-cis and cis-trans photoisomerization of the guest azobenzene in the host–guest system. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Glycoprotein Profile Assessed by 1H-NMR as a Global Inflammation Marker in Patients with HIV Infection. A Prospective Study (2020)

Plasma glycoproteins are a composite biomarker of inflammation and can be detected by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR. The aim of this study was to prospectively appraise the clinical value of plasma glycoproteins assessed by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR in people living with HIV (PLWH). A total of 221 patients with HIV infection were recruited and studied at baseline and at 48 and 144 weeks. Patients were distributed into two groups according to baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell number below or above 200 cells/µL. Patients with fewer than 200 cells/µL were distributed into the responders and nonresponders according to antiretroviral therapy (ART) response at 144 weeks. Glycoprotein concentrations were determined by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR arising from the protein bond N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine signals (GlycA); and N-acetylneuraminic acid signal (GlycB) associated with the sugar-protein bond concentration and aggregation state (shapes (height/width)). Basal glycoprotein concentrations were higher in patients with < 200 CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell/μL (Glyc A: 1040(917.9-1199.1) vs. 950.4(845.5-1050.9), <i>p</i> < 0.001, and Glyc B: 521(440.3-610.3) vs. 468.6(417.9-507.0) μ mol/L, <i>p</i> < 0.001) being reduced by ART. The height/width (H/W) ratio was the parameter showing a better association with this clinical status. Baseline glycoproteins predict the condition of responder/nonresponder. In this study, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR glycoproteins provide novel insights to assess inflammation status and have prognostic value in PLWH.
Iminium carbonic acid derivative salts. <b>IX</b>. Synthesis of <i>N,S</i>‐containing heterobicycles from <i>N</i>‐protected 2‐methylthio‐1,3‐thiazinium and 2‐methylthiothiazolium salts part 1. Preparation of <i>N</i>‐protected 2‐methylthio‐1,3‐thiazinium and 2‐methylthiothiazolium salts and their reaction with CH‐acidic compounds (1996)

Abstract N ‐Boc‐protected 1,3‐thiazine‐2‐thiones and thiazolidin‐2‐thiones were transformed into the corresponding 2‐methylthio‐1,3‐thiazinium and 2‐methylthiothiazolium salts by methyl iodide or trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate. This activated species were reacted with CH‐acidic compounds forming ketene‐ N,S ‐acetals. The protection group was removed with trifluoracetic acid to yield the N ‐unsubstituted ketene‐ N,S ‐acetals.
Extraction of SOI thickness deviation based on resonant wavelength analysis for silicon photonics devices (2017)

The following topics are dealt with: silicon-on-insulator; low-power electronics; MOSFET; integrated circuit design; semiconductor device models; three-dimensional integrated circuits; CMOS integrated circuits; elemental semiconductors; silicon; and nanowires.