gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fcγ Receptor I Alpha Chain (CD64) Expression in Macrophages Is Critical for the Onset of Meningitis by Escherichia coli K1 (2010)

Neonatal meningitis due to Escherichia coli K1 is a serious illness with unchanged morbidity and mortality rates for the last few decades. The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of meningitis contributes to this poor outcome. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of macrophages in newborn mice renders the animals resistant to E. coli K1 induced meningitis. The entry of E. coli K1 into macrophages requires the interaction of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of E. coli K1 with the alpha chain of Fcγ receptor I (FcγRIa, CD64) for which IgG opsonization is not necessary. Overexpression of full-length but not C-terminal truncated FcγRIa in COS-1 cells permits E. coli K1 to enter the cells. Moreover, OmpA binding to FcγRIa prevents the recruitment of the γ-chain and induces a different pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation of macrophage proteins compared to IgG2a induced phosphorylation. Of note, FcγRIa(-/-) mice are resistant to E. coli infection due to accelerated clearance of bacteria from circulation, which in turn was the result of increased expression of CR3 on macrophages. Reintroduction of human FcγRIa in mouse FcγRIa(-/-) macrophages in vitro increased bacterial survival by suppressing the expression of CR3. Adoptive transfer of wild type macrophages into FcγRIa(-/-) mice restored susceptibility to E. coli infection. Together, these results show that the interaction of FcγRI alpha chain with OmpA plays a key role in the development of neonatal meningitis by E. coli K1.
Wry Necks Associated with Mycoplasma meleagridis Infection in a Backyard Flock of Turkeys (1993)

Two 5-week-old bronze turkeys were submitted with crooked necks that could not be straightened. Both birds were serologically and culturally positive for Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM). Histologically, there were lymphoid follicles in the cranial thoracic and cervicoclavicular air sacs, and inflammatory changes in the cartilage of some cervical vertebrae. This appeared to be a case of MM-associated wry necks.
Why We Need More Degrees of Freedom (2017)

Mechanical systems encountered in biology typically have many more degrees of freedom (DOF) than the 6 DOF required to manipulate a body in space. Even the relatively rigid arthropods and crustaceans have at least 5 DOF in each limb; tentacles and human hands have many more. Robotics engineers are routinely required to choose the number of DOF in a robot in the early design stages, potentially limiting the robot's future uses. We theoretically motivate the definition of "mechanical versatility" as the ability of a mechanical system to express distinct static configurations and switch among them rapidly. Requiring versatility and assuming that the systems are power and force limited, and must furthermore resist finite energy environmental disturbances to their state, we show that such multiuse 1 mechanical systems have a lower bound on the number of DOF they require. For bio-mechanics, this suggests which organs and organisms will be driven to become more complex mechanically by indicating domains where higher DOF systems would intrinsically out-compete lower DOF systems.
LEBER CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS WITH LARGE RETINAL PIGMENT CLUMPS CAUSED BY COMPOUND HETEROZYGOUS MUTATIONS IN KCNJ13 (2016)

KCNJ13 mutations are responsible for early-onset retinal dystrophy, featuring remarkable clumpy pigment deposits at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium, suggesting dysfunction and disorganization of this tissue. Parts of the retina remain relatively preserved anatomically but are increased in thickness. This distinct fundus appearance should help in identifying the "KCNJ13 retinal dystrophy" to orient the molecular diagnosis.
« Ce peuple sans nom manifeste la vérité de l’homme ». ATD Quart Monde, une pensée sociale au service des hommes (2018)

Ce texte se penche sur le projet de société porté par le Mouvement ATD Quart Monde en 1975, en réponse à l’analyse marxiste qu’en avait fait la revue Les Temps Modernes . Est en jeu la socialisation, qui trouve son principe en dehors d’elle-même, car elle suppose non la lutte mais la rencontre.
Diffusion of Ag in Dilute Pb(Ag) Alloys (1981)

The effect of solute concentration on the dehancement of solute diffusion in dilute Pb(Ag) alloy is studied.The results suggest that there exists the split interstitial composed of two Ag solute atoms or of more complicated types of defects, and that the concentration of the split interstitial increases with increasing solute concentration and with decreasing temperature.The binding enthalpy of a split interstitial is estimated to be larger in Pb(Ag) alloys than in Pb(Au) alloys.
Functionalized Zinc Porphyrins with Various Peripheral Groups for Interfacial Electron Injection Barrier Control in Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2018)

Here, we use a simple and effective method to accomplish energy level alignment and thus electron injection barrier control in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a conventional architecture based on a green emissive copolymer. In particular, a series of functionalized zinc porphyrin compounds bearing π-delocalized triazine electron withdrawing spacers for efficient intramolecular electron transfer and different terminal groups such as glycine moieties in their peripheral substitutes are employed as thin interlayers at the emissive layer/Al (cathode) interface to realize efficient electron injection/transport. The effects of spatial (i.e., assembly) configuration, molecular dipole moment and type of peripheral group termination on the optical properties and energy level tuning are investigated by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in F8BT/porphyrin films, by photovoltage measurements in OLED devices and by surface work function measurements in Al electrodes modified with the functionalized zinc porphyrins. The performance of OLEDs is significantly improved upon using the functionalized porphyrin interlayers with the recorded luminance of the devices to reach values 1 order of magnitude higher than that of the reference diode without any electron injection/transport interlayer.
Krüppel-like Factor 2 terminiert die Streptococcus pneumoniae-induzierte pro-inflammatorischen Antwort in humanen bronchial Epithelzellen (2011)

Einleitung: Die Freisetzung potenter pro-inflammatorischer Mediatoren ist nicht nur bedeutend für eine effiziente Wirtsantwort sondern birgt ebenfalls die Gefahr einer gravierenden Gewebe-zerstörenden Entzündungsreaktion welche in der schweren Pneumokokkenpneumonie auftreten kann. Eine sensible Balance zwischen einer stabilen inflammatorischen Antwort zur Erregerelimination und dem Verlust der Lungenfunktion ist deshalb von Nöten.
Highly Emissive AIEgens with Multiple Functions: Facile Synthesis, Chromism, Specific Lipid Droplet Imaging, Apoptosis Monitoring, and In Vivo Imaging (2018)

The development of new luminescent materials has allowed us to gain new knowledge and opened a new opportunity for scientific achievement and social development. In this work, luminogens, namely, (4-pyridinyl)-phenyldiphenylamine (TPAP) and 3-diphenylamino-6-(2-pyridinyl)phenyldiphenylboron (TPAP-BB), were synthesized in satisfactory yields through convenient synthetic routes and their properties were systematically investigated. These luminogens exhibited a moderate fluorescence quantum yield in tetrahydrofuran (14.6% for TPAP and 49.0% for TPAP-BB), whereas their values in thin films were much higher (69.4% and 88.4%), demonstrating a phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Moreover, TPAP-BB not only exhibited piezo-chromism (its emission color could be tuned repeatedly by grinding–heating cycle because of the transformation between crystalline and amorphous phases) but also showed on–off light emission process by repeatedly fuming with acid and ammonia vapor. Furthermore, TPAP-BB exhibited impressive high photostability and low toxicity to living cells. It could specifically stain lipid droplets (LDs) in live HeLa cells with higher signal-to-noise ratio than Nile Red, a commercial LDs agent. This dye could also be applied for real-time monitoring of cell apoptosis and in vivo imaging in Medaka fish. Such results were expected to create enthusiasm to generate new AIE luminogens for further technological applications.
Estimating leaf water content at the leaf scale in soybean inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from in situ spectral measurements (2019)

Leaf water content (LWC) of crops is a suitable parameter for evaluation of plant water status and arbuscular mycorrhizal effect on the host plant under drought stress. Remote sensing technology provides an effective avenue to estimate LWC in crops. However, few LWC retrieval models have been developed specifically for the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculated crops. In this study, soybean with inoculation and non-inoculation treatments were planted under the severe drought, moderate drought and normal irrigation levels. The LWC changes under different treatments at the 30th, 45th and 64th day after the inoculation were investigated, and the spectral response characteristics of inoculated and non-inoculated soybean leaves under the three drought stresses were analyzed. Five types of spectral variables/indices including: raw spectral reflectance (R), continuum-removed spectral reflectance (RC), difference vegetation index (DVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and ratio vegetation index (RVI) were applied to determine the best estimator of LWC. The results indicate that LWC decreased as the aggravating of drought stress levels. However, LWC in inoculated leaves was higher than that in the counterparts under the same drought stress level, and the values of raw reflectance measured at inoculated leaves were lower than the non-inoculated leaves, especially around 1900 nm and 1410 nm. These water spectral features were more evident in the corresponding continuum-removed spectral reflectance. The newly proposed DVIC(2280, 1900) index, derived from the continuum-removed spectral reflectance at 2280 nm and the raw spectral reflectance at 1900 nm in DVI type of index, was the most robust for soybean LWC assessment, with R2 value of 0.72 (p < 0.01) and root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.12% and 1.75%, respectively. This study provides a means to monitor the mycorrhizal effect on drought-induced crops indirectly and non-destructively.
Keywords: leaf water content, remote sensing, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, drought, crops
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191206.4950

Citation: Kong W P, Huang W J, Zhou X F, Mortimer H, Ma L L, Tang L L, et al. Estimating leaf water content at the leaf scale in soybean inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from in situ spectral measurements. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(6): 149–155.
Evaluation of isolated converter topologies for low voltage DC distribution (2015)

In this paper, two types of isolated converter topologies for the implementation of the galvanic isolation of a low-voltage DC network is discussed. Advantages and problems of the topologies are compared and a selection for the suitable topology for two conversion ratios, 1:1 and 2:1 is carried out. The selection is carried out by comparing the life-cycle costs of the converters if used in the low voltage DC system.
Machine-Learning Prediction of Drug-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmia: Analysis of Gene Expression and Clustering (2018)

A marked delay in the electrical repolarization of heart ventricles is characterized by prolongation of the Q-T wave (QT) interval on a surface electrocardiogram. Such a delay can lead to potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia (torsades de pointes). Such prolongation is also a widely accepted cardiac safety biomarker in drug development. Current preclinical drug-safety assays include patch clamp analysis to evaluate drug-related blockade of cardiac repolarizing ion currents. Recently reported patch clamp assay results have shown predictive sensitivities and specificities in the ranges of 64%-82% and 75%-88%, respectively. In this project, we use a support vector machine classifier to find mean sensitivities and specificities of 85% and 90%, respectively, across 77 drug subclassifications. Clustering by gene expression profile similarities shows that drugs known to prolong the QT interval do not always form distinct groups, but the number of groups is limited. The most common biological network links associated with these groups involve genes linked with fatty acid metabolism, G proteins, intracellular glutathione, immune responses, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, electron transport, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. These results suggest that machine-learning analysis of gene expression and clustering may augment cardiac safety predictions for improving drug-safety assessments.
EVOLVABLE BINARY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR DATA CLASSIFICATION (2000)

This paper describes a new evolvable hardware organization and its learning algorithm to generate binary logic artificial neural networks based on mutual information and statistical analysis. First, thresholds to convert analog signals of the training data to digital signals are established. In order to extract feature function for multidimensional data classification, conditional entropy is calculated to obtain maximum information in each subspace. Next, dynamic shrinking and expansion rules are developed to build the feed forward neural networks. At last, hardware mapping of learning patterns and on-board testing are implemented on Xilinx FPGA board.
Optimum threshold detection in real-time scalable high-speed multi-wavelength optical code-division multiple-access LANs (2002)

We examine the properties and applications of a general class of multi-wavelength optical code-division multiple access codes in high-speed optical local area networks. We demonstrate that multiple pulse per row codes with optimum threshold detection admit maximization of the number of simultaneous users and spectral efficiency. The code design problem is also greatly simplified when the optimum threshold detection is employed. Based on our results, we propose a simple and low-cost receiver to enable true real-time network optimization.
Crystal structure of obelin after Ca<sup>2+</sup>-triggered bioluminescence suggests neutral coelenteramide as the primary excited state (2006)

The crystal structure at 1.93-A resolution is determined for the Ca2+-discharged obelin containing three bound calcium ions as well as the product of the bioluminescence reaction, coelenteramide. This finding extends the series of available spatial structures of the ligand-dependent conformations of the protein to four, the obelin itself, and those after the bioluminescence reaction with or without bound Ca2+ and/or coelenteramide. Among these structures, global conformational changes are small, typical of the class of "calcium signal modulators" within the EF-hand protein superfamily. Nevertheless, in the active site there are significant repositions of two residues. The His-175 imidazole ring flips becoming almost perpendicular to the original orientation corroborating the crucial importance of this residue for triggering bioluminescence. Tyr-138 hydrogen bonded to the coelenterazine N1-atom in unreacted obelin is moved away from the binding cavity after reaction. However, this Tyr is displaced by a water molecule from within the cavity, which now forms a hydrogen bond to the same atom, the amide N of coelenteramide. From this observation, a reaction scheme is proposed that would result in the neutral coelenteramide as the primary excited state product in photoprotein bioluminescence. From such a higher energy state it is now energetically feasible to account for the shorter wavelength bioluminescence spectra obtained from some photoprotein mutants or to populate the lower energy state of the phenolate anion to yield the blue bioluminescence ordinarily observed from native photoproteins.
Protein rich diet suppressed net and unidirectional clearances of 6-[F-18]Fluoro-DOPA to striatum but did not alter relative DOPA decarboxylase activity (1994)

We examined the effects of competitors in plasma (i.e., large neutral amino acids, LNAA) on the transport across the blood-brain-barrier and decarboxylation of tracer FDOPA in human striatum. We studied 10 healthy, neurologically normal subjects with the Scanditronix PC 2048-15B PET camera for 2 hours following intravenous injection of FDOPA. The subjects were either fasted overnight (n=6, ages:23-42 years) or received protein rich diet ({approximately}50 g protein) 1 hour before the study (n=4, ages:21-40 years). During the study, we obtained time-courses of radioactivity in arterial plasma and separated FDOPA and O-methyl-fluoro-DOPA with HPLC. We estimated, by means of least-squares optimization, the unidirectional blood-brain D clearance (K{sub 1}{sup D}), relative DOPA decarboxylase activity (k{sub 3}{sup D}), and effective vascular volume (V{sub 0}) in striatum while the partition volume (V{sub e}=K{sub 1}/k2) was set to the individual`s estimates of frontal lobe. The net clearance (K{sup D}) was calculated as K{sub 1}{sup D}k{sub 3}{sup D}/(k{sub 2}{sup D}+k{sub 3}{sup D}).
Optic Radiation Tractography and Visual Field Deficits in Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Amygdalohippocampectomy in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2017)

Short-term follow-up in our series suggests that laser ablation AHE may be associated with a lower rate of VFD than has been reported for open AHE. Our results suggest that incorporating optic radiation mapping through DTI may preoperatively help to minimize the risk of VFD following laser ablation AHE.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Deficient in the Aganglionic Colon of Patients With Hirschsprung's Disease (1994)

We conclude that aganglionic colon is deficient in NO synthase-containing nerves. This deficiency could prevent smooth muscle relaxation in the aganglionic colon of patients with Hirschsprung's disease.
Determination of the mechanism of free radical generation in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation. (1994)

Endothelial cell-derived oxygen free radicals are important mediators of postischemic injury; however, the mechanisms that trigger this radical generation are not known, and it is not known if this process can occur in human cells and tissues. The enzyme xanthine oxidase can be an important source of radical generation; however, it has been reported that this enzyme may not be present in human endothelium. To determine the presence and mechanisms of radical generation in human vascular endothelial cells subjected to anoxia and reoxygenation, electron paramagnetic resonance measurements were performed on cultured human aortic endothelial cells using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). These measurements were correlated with cellular injury, xanthine oxidase activity, and alterations in cellular nucleotides. Upon reoxygenation after 60 min of anoxia, large DMPO-OH (aN = aH = 14.9 G) and smaller DMPO-R (aN = 15.8 G, aH = 22.8 G) signals were seen. Superoxide dismutase totally quenched this radical generation. The ferric iron chelator deferoxamine prevented cell death and totally quenched the DMPO-R signal with a 40% decrease in the DMPO-OH signal. Xanthine oxidase was shown to be present in these cells and to be the primary source of free radicals. While the concentration of this enzyme did not change after anoxia, the concentration of its substrate, hypoxanthine, markedly increased, resulting in increased free radical generation upon reoxygenation. Thus, reoxygenated human vascular endothelial cells generate superoxide free radicals, which further react with iron to form the reactive hydroxyl radical, which in turn causes cell death. Xanthine oxidase was the primary source of radical generation with this process triggered by the breakdown of ATP to the substrate hypoxanthine during anoxia.
Future Challenges for Engine Manufacturers in View of Future Emissions Legislation (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Countries around the world are expected to continue to adopt more stringent emissions standards for heavy-duty markets for both oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and greenhouse gases (GHG). While there is uncertainty about the timing and extent of these regulations, it is clear that significant reductions will be required to address urban air pollution and climate change concerns. The rate and pace of technology evolution and how it will affect the energy pathways for commercial transportation and industrial use are dependent on multiple variables such as national energy and environmental policies and public-private partnerships. Although it adds complexity, the engine system has great potential to evolve as it continues to be highly integrated into the super system for which it is producing power. This paper examines the potential opportunities and challenges for engine manufacturers to continue to be the supplier of power to vehicles and equipment of the future.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Screening for microorganisms converting limonene into carvone. (1997)

Publisher Summary This chapter presents screening for microorganisms converting limonene into carvone. Terpenes are natural, unsaturated hydrocarbons derived from isoprene units. They are widely distributed in nature and their oxygenated derivatives, commonly named “terpenoids,” are important flavor compounds. The tools of molecular genetics provide the opportunity to express individual terpene-oxidizing enzymes in new bacterial hosts, or to selectively knock out steps in the host strain. Limonene is an important by-product of the citrus processing industry. Potentially, this compound can be used as a substrate for the production of several terpenoids with important flavor characteristics such as menthol, carvone and dihydrocarvone. Monoterpenes are hydrophobic compounds which diffuse freely over the cell membrane. Therefore, microorganisms degrading limonene via carvone should also be able to grow on carvone. An indication for the degradation pathway used by the seven microorganisms unable to grow on perillyl alcohol is obtained by performing oxygen uptake experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐endo‐Trigonal Cyclization of o‐Substituted gem‐Difluorostyrenes: Syntheses of 2‐Fluorinated Indoles, Benzo(b)furans and Benzo(b) thiophenes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reversed reactivity of anilines with alkynes in the rhodium-catalysed C–H activation/carbonylation tandem (2015)

Development of multicatalytic approach consisting of two or more mechanistically distinct catalytic steps using a single-site catalyst for rapid and straightforward access of structurally complex molecules under eco-benign conditions has significance in contemporary science. We have developed herein a rhodium-catalysed C-H activation strategy which uses an unprotected anilines and an electron-deficient alkynes to C-C bonded products as a potential intermediate in contrast to the archetypical C-N bonded products with high levels of regioselectivity. This is followed by carbonylation of C-H bond activated intermediate and subsequent annulation into quinolines has been described. This rhodium-catalysed auto-tandem reaction operates under mild, environmentally benign conditions using water as the solvent and CO surrogates as the carbonyl source with the concomitant generation of hydrogen gas. The strategy may facilitate the development of new synthetic protocols for the efficient and sustainable production of chemicals in an atom-economic way from simple, abundant starting materials.