gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Transport Theory for Power-Efficient Deployment of Unmanned\n Aerial Vehicles (2016)

In this paper, the optimal deployment of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles\n(UAVs) acting as flying base stations is investigated. Considering the downlink\nscenario, the goal is to minimize the total required transmit power of UAVs\nwhile satisfying the users' rate requirements. To this end, the optimal\nlocations of UAVs as well as the cell boundaries of their coverage areas are\ndetermined. To find those optimal parameters, the problem is divided into two\nsub-problems that are solved iteratively. In the first sub-problem, given the\ncell boundaries corresponding to each UAV, the optimal locations of the UAVs\nare derived using the facility location framework. In the second sub-problem,\nthe locations of UAVs are assumed to be fixed, and the optimal cell boundaries\nare obtained using tools from optimal transport theory. The analytical results\nshow that the total required transmit power is significantly reduced by\ndetermining the optimal coverage areas for UAVs. These results also show that,\nmoving the UAVs based on users' distribution, and adjusting their altitudes can\nlead to a minimum power consumption. Finally, it is shown that the proposed\ndeployment approach, can improve the system's power efficiency by a factor of\n20 compared to the classical Voronoi cell association technique with fixed UAVs\nlocations.\n
Viscoelastic, Mechanical, and Glasstomeric Properties of Precision Polyolefins Containing a Phenyl Branch at Every Five Carbons (2018)

Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of precision polyolefins, poly(4-phenylcyclopentene) (P4PCP) and its hydrogenated analog (H2-P4PCP) containing atactic phenyl branches at exactly every five carbons along the backbone are explored. Both materials are amorphous with a glass transition temperature of ∼17 ± 3 °C. Rheological investigations determined that P4PCP has an entanglement molar mass (Me = 10.0 kg mol–1) much higher and closer to polystyrene than H2-P4PCP (Me = 3.6 kg mol–1). Both materials have elastomeric and shape memory properties at ambient temperatures, which were further explored through strain hysteresis measurements. H2-P4PCP has an elastic recovery of ∼95% at max strain values up to 500% as determined by uniaxial tensile testing. Time–temperature superposition analysis, Williams–Landel–Ferry constants, and further mechanical analysis are discussed and compared to previously reported ethylene–styrene copolymers of similar phenyl-branch content within the microstructure.
Exploiting RNA aptamers for cancer therapy (P4407) (2013)

Abstract Nucleic acid ligands (aptamers), both antagonists and agonists, can be used to target receptors on cells with high affinity and specificity. We describe the development of RNA aptamers for several cancer therapeutic applications: (1) targeting antigens to dendritic cells (DCs), (2) immune modulation, and (3) tumor-specific delivery of therapeutics. Our laboratory has successfully engineered a nuclease-resistant RNA aptamer that binds to the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) expressed on DCs with excellent specificity and high affinity. MMR aptamer-mediated targeting of tumor antigen peptide to DCs resulted in a 4-fold increase of IFN-γ expression, which enhanced cross-presentation and T cell activation in vitro. For immune modulation of T cell function, we have now developed a human OX40 aptamer that is used as an agonist. A multimerized version of the human OX40 aptamer stimulates T cell proliferation and IFN-γ expression. Lastly, we have developed an aptamer to deliver toxic agents to a subset of leukemia and lymphoma cells. This aptamer is engineered into a chimeric molecule possessing two levels of specificity: the binding domain (aptamer) and the agent domain (saporin) that specifically targets and kills leukemia cells (K562) in vitro.
Comparative analysis of genetic modifiers in Drosophila points to common and distinct mechanisms of pathogenesis among polyglutamine diseases (2007)

Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and Huntington's disease (HD) are two polyglutamine disorders caused by expansion of a CAG repeat within the coding regions of the Ataxin-1 and Huntingtin proteins, respectively. While protein folding and turnover have been implicated in polyglutamine disorders in general, many clinical and pathological differences suggest that there are also disease-specific mechanisms. Taking advantage of a collection of genetic modifiers of expanded Ataxin-1-induced neurotoxicity, we performed a comparative analysis in Drosophila models of the two diseases. We show that while some modifier genes function similarly in SCA1 and HD Drosophila models, others have model-specific effects. Surprisingly, certain modifier genes modify SCA1 and HD models in opposite directions, i.e. they behave as suppressors in one case and enhancers in the other. Furthermore, we find that modulation of toxicity does not correlate with alterations in the formation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions. Our results point to potential common therapeutic targets in novel pathways, and to genes and pathways responsible for differences between Ataxin-1 and Huntingtin-induced neurodegeneration.
Virus‐inhibiting surgical glove to reduce the risk of infection by enveloped viruses (2003)

Needle puncture and other accidents that occur during surgery and other procedures may lead to viral infections of medical personnel, notably by hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), now that hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination. A new surgical glove called G-VIR, which contains a disinfecting agent for enveloped viruses, has been developed. Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV) was used as a standard enveloped virus in both in vitro and in vivo tests of the virucidal capacity of the glove. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were used as models for HCV and HIV, respectively. For in vitro study, a contaminated needle was passed through a glove and residual virus was titrated; for in vivo studies, animals were stuck with a contaminated needle through a glove. Despite variation in virus enumeration inherent in the puncture technique, statistical evaluation showed that infection was reproducibly and substantially reduced by passage through the virucidal layer. For BVDV, the amount of virus passing through the virucidal glove was reduced in 82% of pairwise comparisons with control gloves that lacked the virucidal agent; when plaque counts were adjusted to a common dilution, the median count for the virucidal glove was on the average reduced >10-fold. In experiments in which the proportion of wells infected with FIV was measured, the ratio of TCID(50) values (control glove to G-VIR) was >15, and probably much higher. For HSV, the amount of virus passing through the virucidal glove was reduced in 81% of comparisons with control gloves; the median of adjusted plaque counts was reduced on the average approximately eightfold or ninefold. In vivo tests with FIV and HSV in cats and mice, respectively, found smaller percentage reductions in infection than the in vitro tests but confirmed the virucidal effect of the gloves.
An Application of Vision-Based Learning for a Real Robot in RoboCup - A Goal Keeping Behavior for a Robot with an Omnidirectional Vision and an Embedded Servoing - (2004)

. We have applied Q-learning method so that a mobile robot acquire a shooting behavior of a soccer game. Thought the acquired behavior is tested in RoboCup-97, the performance is limited because of the narrow visual angle of the robot. Therefore, we install an omnidirectional vision into a mobile robot to enlarge a visual angle and apply Q-learning to behavior acquisition of the robot. An attention control method is also proposed for an omnidirectional vision system by means of an active zoom mechanism to reduce the learning time. We select a a goal defending behavior as a task and perform computer simulation and real robot experiments to show the validity of the proposed system. 1 Introduction One of major issues in RoboCup is to make a robot adapt itself to changes in dynamic environments. We have approached to this problem with a reinforcement learning method, Q-learning. We have selected a shooting behavior as an example task by a mobile robot with a single camera [6] and tested fo...
Low boiling point perfluorocarbon nanodroplets for biomedical imaging and therapeutics (2013)

Perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplets have been examined for biomedical applications for more than a decade. Of particular interest are “phase change” PFC droplets, which can convert from liquid to gaseous phase with an acoustic energy input. In liquid form, these droplets demonstrate stability not capable with microbubbles, but in gaseous form the resultant bubble provides the cavitation source that is crucial for ultrasound imaging or therapeutic mediation. Traditionally, phase-change droplets have utilized PFCs with boiling points close to body temperature, so that they could be readily activated with acoustic energy input. However, the desire reduce these droplets to hundred-nanometer sizes in order to reach the extravascular space has made PFC selection more complicated. Specifically, the influence of surface tension on droplets that are significantly smaller than a micron elevates the boiling point past that of the bulk fluid, making hundred-nanometer sized droplets challengingly difficult to vaporize with diagnostic ultrasound energy levels. Our solution has been a unique approach to condense low boiling point gaseous perfluorocarbons, creating a population of meta-stable PFC nanodroplets. The resulting nanodroplets exhibit stability, yet have very low energy activation requirements. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of this new formulation, and demonstrate applications in biomedical imaging and therapeutics.
Preferential potentiation of paclitaxel and doxorubicin cytotoxicity in drug-resistant breast tumor cells by tesmilifene. (2006)

5421 A phase III study of anthracycline-naive women with metastatic breast cancer by the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (MA.19) revealed that treatment of patients with doxorubicin in combination with N,N-Diethyl-2-[4-(Penylmethyl)Phenoxy]Ethanamine (tesmilifene) was superior to doxorubicin alone in terms of overall survival (P=0.021), with no difference seen in response rate or progression free survival (J. Clin. Oncol. 22: 269-276, 2004). One possible explanation for this observation may be that tesmilifene specifically increases the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs only in rare drug-resistant cells, thus inhibiting the development of drug-resistant tumors over time. To assess this hypothesis, we examined in a clonogenic assay the effect of tesmilifene (at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 6 μM) on the ability of doxorubicin or paclitaxel to kill wildtype MCF-7 breast tumor cells and isogenic MCF-7 cells resistant to doxorubicin or paclitaxel (MCF-7 DOX and MCF-7 TAX cells, respectively). Consistent with the above hypothesis, tesmilifene decreased the concentration at which 50% of MCF-7 TAX cells were killed by paclitaxel (the IC 50 ) in a dose-dependent manner by as much as 4-fold (at 6 μM tesmilifene), while having little effect or increasing the IC 50 for paclitaxel in wildtype MCF-7 cells, even at the highest concentration of tesmilifene. Cross resistance to doxorubicin in MCF-7 TAX cells was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner by as much as 4-fold by tesmilifene, while only slightly increasing the IC 50 for doxorubicin in wildtype MCF-7 cells at the highest concentration of tesmilifene. The IC 50 for doxorubicin was decreased by as much as 2.5-fold upon the addition of tesmilifene to MCF-7 DOX cells (also in a dose-dependent manner), with little change in the IC 50 for doxorubicin in wildtype cells. Since our MCF-7 TAX cell line overexpresses P-glycoprotein (P-gp), while our MCF-7 DOX cell line does not, it would appear that the effect of DPPE on the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs in drug-resistant cells is not P-gp-specific, although this may be enhanced in P-gp-expressing cell lines. While accumulation of paclitaxel or doxorubicin was reduced in MCF-7 TAX and MCF-7 DOX cells, respectively, tesmilifene (at a 3 μM concentration) had no effect on the uptake of paclitaxel or doxorubicin into MCF-7, MCF-7 TAX , and MCF-7 DOX cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that tesmilifene augments the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel and doxorubicin but only in drug-resistant cells through a mechanism unrelated to drug accumulation defects inherent in these cell lines.
Characterization and statistical modeling of glycosylation changes in sickle cell disease (2021)

Sickle cell disease is an inherited genetic disorder that causes anemia, pain crises, organ infarction, and infections in 13 million people worldwide. Previous studies have revealed changes in sialic acid levels associated with red blood cell sickling and showed that stressed red blood cells bare surface-exposed clustered terminal mannose structures mediating hemolysis, but detailed glycan structures and anti-glycan antibodies in sickle cell disease remain understudied. Here, we compiled results obtained through lectin arrays, glycan arrays, and mass spectrometry to interrogate red blood cell glycoproteins and glycan-binding proteins found in the plasma of healthy individuals and patients with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait. Lectin arrays and mass spectrometry revealed an increase in α2,6 sialylation and a decrease in α2,3 sialylation and blood group antigens displayed on red blood cells. Increased binding of proteins to immunogenic asialo and sialyl core 1, Lewis A, and Lewis Y structures was observed in plasma from patients with sickle cell disease, suggesting a heightened anti-glycan immune response. Data modeling affirmed glycan expression and plasma protein binding changes in sickle cell disease but additionally revealed further changes in ABO blood group expression. Our data provide detailed insights into glycan changes associated with sickle cell disease and refer glycans as potential therapeutic targets.
Pseudo-Rabi oscillations in superconducting flux qubits in the classical regime (2008)

Nonlinear effects in mesoscopic devices can have both quantum and classical origins. We show that a three-Josephson-junction (3JJ) flux qubit in the classical regime can produce low-frequency oscillations in the presence of an external field in resonance with the (high-frequency) harmonic mode $\ensuremath{\omega}$ of the system. Like in the case of quantum Rabi oscillations, the frequency of these pseudo-Rabi oscillations is much smaller than $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and scales approximately linearly with the amplitude of the external field. This classical effect can be reliably distinguished from its quantum counterpart because it can be produced by the external drive not only at the resonance frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and its subharmonics $(\ensuremath{\omega}/n)$, but also at its overtones, $n\ensuremath{\omega}$.
A Single Centerʼs Experience With Adherence to a Newly Implemented Risk-Stratified Immunosuppression Protocol in Renal Transplant Patients. (2014)

Background: Modern immunosuppression protocols for renal transplantation balance the risks of over-immunosuppression, namely infection and drug toxicity, against the risk of rejection. There is limited literature for the optimization of immunosuppression by risk-stratification according to patient risk factors for rejection in renal transplantation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of adherence to a newly implemented risk-stratified protocol. Methods: This is a retrospective single center study of the immunosuppression orders ordered for adult solitary kidney transplants during the risk-stratified (RS) protocol period from 2012 to 2013. Risk-stratification was based on immunological risk (sensitization and age) with total rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) dosing ranging from 1.5 to 6 mg/kg to target an absolute lymphocyte count of less than 100 cells/μL. Results: 53 patients underwent renal transplantation during the RS period. Patient survival was 100% with 98% graft survival. During the initial transplant encounter, 81% of patients received the appropriately risk-stratified dose of ATG with the most common reason for protocol deviation being patients stratified to the incorrect level of immunologic risk. Of the ATG deviations, 50% of patients were dosed below protocol due to infection concerns and 50% were dosed above protocol due to rejection concerns. More than half (56%) of the patients who received an off-protocol dose of ATG were transplanted within the first 3 months of the protocol change. At discharge, the majority of patients were sent home on the protocol doses of prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil (76.9% and 71.7%, respectively). Slightly more than half of the patients were discharged on a dose of tacrolimus equaling 0.05 mg/kg twice daily or greater (52.9%), but the majority of patients had the per protocol-driven tacrolimus goal trough levels at discharge (88.2%). At one month post-transplantation, less than one-third (28%) of patients had tacrolimus trough levels within the designated trough levels. Conclusions: Despite an initial learning curve in the transition period, the implementation of a risk stratified immunosuppression protocol was successful and should translate to decreased infectious complications and excellent outcomes. Outpatient dosing and monitoring of tacrolimus may require further optimization to reach goal levels.
xID: a flexible architecture for plug-n-play smart cards (2007)

This paper describes the xID architecture for plug-n-play smart cards. We focus on the software flexibility of this architecture in achieving a desired blend of security as well as performance to suite specific application requirements. The differences between xID and other conventional smart card frameworks are explained. We present the main building blocks of xID and show how various tasks can be divided among these blocks to deliver functional smart card based solutions. The division of tasks is explained in detail using the TLS library as an example. This enables the smart card to function both as a web server and a web client. The TLS layer consists of a server-side component, a client-side component and X.509 certificate parser. All these components can be designed in a flexible way to suite a particular set of security, performance and deployment needs.
Do Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Predispose to the Development of SIBO in IBS versus Non-IBS Patients? (2009)

Purpose: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS patients commonly take PPIs for GERD and dyspepsia. It is possible that PPIs, by reducing gastric acid secretion, might predispose an individual to develop SIBO. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between IBS, SIBO, and PPI use in a large population undergoing hydrogen breath testing (HBT). Methods: 2092 patients who underwent glucose (n=1929) or lactulose (n= 197) hydrogen/methane breath tests (HBT) from January 1, 2004-December 31, 2007 at 2 academic medical centers were included. Medical history, demographic data and medications prescribed were collected from chart review. IBS status was based on Rome III criteria and excluded those with confounding comorbidities. Non-IBS patients had a history of diabetes, cirrhosis, collagen vascular disease, GI surgery, or thyroid disease. Results: 507 IBS patients and 1619 non-IBS patients underwent HBT for the indications of diarrhea, constipation, or bloating. In the overall population, PPI use was not associated with an increased risk of a positive HBT (OR 1.15, p=NS). In non-IBS patients who underwent HBT, PPI therapy resulted in a 27% higher likelihood of HBT positivity vs. patients not taking a PPI (OR 1.27, p=0.028). However, in IBS patients, PPI therapy was not associated with an increased risk of a positive HBT on univariate analysis. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis (table), IBS patients who took PPI were less likely to have a positive HBT than IBS patients not taking PPI therapy. Results were not affected by type of HBT performed. Conclusion: While PPI use was an independent predictor of a positive HBT in non-IBS patients referred for breath testing, PPI use was a negative predictor of HBT positivity in IBS patients referred for HBT. Based on these retrospective data, PPI therapy does not provide an explanation for the increased prevalence of abnormal HBT results in IBS patients.Table: Table. Multivariate logistic regression analysis
Effects of SrTiO<sub>3</sub> substrate orientations on crystal and domain structures and electric properties of NaNbO<sub>3</sub>–SrZrO<sub>3</sub> films (2018)

0.92NaNbO3–0.08SrZrO3 films were grown on SrRuO3/(001) and (110) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. SEM observation showed that the films on the SrRuO3-coated (001) and (110) SrTiO3 substrates had flat and stripe like surface morphologies and thicknesses of 0.4 and 0.7 µm, respectively. X-ray reciprocal space mapping indicated that both films had antiferroelectric domains. The dielectric constant of 180 and the tan δ of 0.02 for the film grown on the SrRuO3/(001) SrTiO3 substrate and the dielectric constant of 300 and the tan δ of 0.04 for the film grown on the SrRuO3/(110) SrTiO3 substrate were observed. Polarization–electric field (P–E) responses were ferroelectric and antiferroelectric for the films grown on the SrRuO3/(001) and (110) SrTiO3 substrates, respectively. The differences in the dielectric properties and P–E responses of the films were discussed with emphasis on their domain configurations.
Approximating the Statistics of various Properties in Randomly Weighted Graphs (2009)

Consider the setting of \emph{randomly weighted graphs}, namely, graphs whose edge weights are chosen independently according to probability distributions with finite support over the non-negative reals. Under this setting, properties of weighted graphs typically become random variables and we are interested in computing their statistical features. Unfortunately, this turns out to be computationally hard for some properties albeit the problem of computing them in the traditional setting of algorithmic graph theory is tractable. For example, there are well known efficient algorithms that compute the \emph{diameter} of a given weighted graph, yet, computing the \emph{expected} diameter of a given randomly weighted graph is \SharpP{}-hard even if the edge weights are identically distributed. In this paper, we define a family of properties of weighted graphs and show that for each property in this family, the problem of computing the \emph{$k^{\text{th}}$ moment} (and in particular, the expected value) of the corresponding random variable in a given randomly weighted graph $G$ admits a \emph{fully polynomial time randomized approximation scheme (FPRAS)} for every fixed $k$. This family includes fundamental properties of weighted graphs such as the diameter of $G$, the \emph{radius} of $G$ (with respect to any designated vertex) and the weight of a \emph{minimum spanning tree} of $G$.
An IETF URN Sub-Namespace for OAuth (2012)

This document establishes an IETF URN Sub-namespace for use with
OAuth-related specifications. This document is not an Internet
Standards Track specification; it is published for informational
purposes.