gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A magnetic soft endoscopic capsule for non-surgical overweight and obese treatments (2016)

Obesity is defined as an unhealthy excess of body fat, which increases the risks of medical illness and premature mortality. There are multiple health risks linked to obesity such as heart disease and stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancers, gallbladder disease and gallstones, osteoarthritis, gout, and breathing problems like sleep apnea, and asthma. Intragastric balloons (IGBs) have become an efficient and less invasive method for obesity treatment. However, the use of traditional IGBs requires complex insertion tools and flexible endoscopes to place and remove the balloon inside patient's stomach. This causes abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and gastric mucous damage. To overcome these limitations, we designed a novel magnetic soft capsule robot for obesity treatment with magnetically actuated inflatable IGB. The balloon is made from a thin, flexible, biocompatible material, and is inflated to a desired volume using biocompatible effervescent chemicals. Instead of using complex deflation mechanism, a biodegradable material is developed to automatically deflate the balloon after a predetermined period of treatment. In addition, multiple capsules can be simultaneously swallowed. As the source of actuation is provided via external magnetic fields, the magnetic soft capsule size can be significantly reduced with no limitations on the power consumption. A prototype of magnetic soft capsule is developed. Experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Compaction Scale Up and Optimization of Cylindrical Fuel Compacts for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (2012)

Multiple process approaches have been used historically to manufacture cylindrical nuclear fuel compacts. Scale-up of fuel compacting was required for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) project to achieve an economically viable automated production process capable of providing a minimum of 10 compacts/minute with high production yields. In addition, the scale-up effort was required to achieve matrix density equivalent to baseline historical production processes, and allow compacting at fuel packing fractions up to 46% by volume. The scale-up approach of jet milling, fluid-bed overcoating, and hot-press compacting adopted in the U.S. Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development Program involves significant paradigm shifts to capitalize on distinct advantages in simplicity, yield, and elimination of mixed waste. A series of designed experiments have been completed to optimize compaction conditions of time, temperature, and forming pressure using natural uranium oxycarbide (NUCO) fuel. Results from these experiments are included. The scale-up effort is nearing completion with the process installed and operational using nuclear fuel materials. The process is being certified for manufacture of qualification test fuel compacts for the AGR-5/6/7 experiment at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL).
Red Wine Inhibits Aggregation and Increases ATP-diphosphohydrolase (CD39) Activity of Rat Platelets <i>in Vitro</i> (2016)

Moderate consumption of red wine has been shown to exert a peculiar cardioprotective effect compared with other alcoholic beverages; inhibition of platelet aggregation seems to be one of the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect. CD39/ATP-diphosphohydrolase is an integral membrane glycoprotein metabolizing ATP and ADP to AMP; in concert with CD73/ecto-5'-nucleotidase, it contributes to extracellular adenosine accumulation. CD39 is considered a key modulator of thrombus formation; it inhibits platelet aggregation by promoting ADP hydrolysis. There is evidence that red wine consumption increases CD39 activity in platelets from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Here we show that two kinds of Aglianico red wines inhibit aggregation and increase ATP--and ADPase activity in rat platelets.
Supplementary Figure S2 from The Combination of Trametinib and Ganitumab is Effective in RAS-Mutated PAX-Fusion Negative Rhabdomyosarcoma Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The combination of trametinib and ganitumab does not induce hyperinsulinemia or hematologic adverse events in SCID beige mice&lt;/p&gt;
Cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation of the nuclear pore Nup107–160 subcomplex (2007)

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Many NPC proteins (nucleoporins, Nups) are modified by phosphorylation. It is believed that phosphorylation regulates the breakdown of the nuclear envelope at mitosis and the disassembly of the NPC into different subcomplexes. In this study, we examined the cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation of the Nup107-160 subcomplex, a core building block of the NPC. Using in vivo (32)P labeling in HeLa cells, we found that Nup107, Nup96, and Nup133 are phosphorylated during mitosis. To precisely map the phosphorylation sites within the complex, we used a comprehensive multiple-stage MS approach (MS, MS(2), and MS(3)), establishing that Nup160, Nup133, Nup96, and Nup107 are all targets of phosphorylation. We determined that the phosphorylation sites are clustered mainly at the N-terminal regions of these proteins, which are predicted to be natively disordered. In addition, we determined the cell-cycle dependence of the phosphorylation of these sites by using stable isotope labeling and MS(2) analysis. Measurement of the site-specific phosphorylation ratios between mitotic and G(1) cells led us to conclude that several phosphorylation events of the subcomplex are mainly mitotic. Based on these results and our finding that the entire Nup107-160 subcomplex is stable throughout the cell cycle, we propose that phosphorylation does not affect interactions within the Nup107-160 subcomplex, but regulates the association of the subcomplex with the NPC and other proteins.
Extending the useable bandwidth of seismic data with tensor-guided, frequency-dependent filtering (2016)

Improving the bandwidth of seismic data has been an ongoing endeavour in increasing the usability of seismic data in many plays throughout the world. While various broadband acquisition techniques have been recently developed for marine acquisition, the most significant issue for land seismic has been the low signal-to-noise ratio, particularly at the low and high ends of the frequency spectrum. In this paper, we describe a frequency-dependent filtering technique that can significantly increase the available bandwidth of the seismic data. We show a field data example and demonstrate that the enhanced bandwidth seismic data ties with well logs in the area. A variety of methods have been proposed to increase the bandwidth of seismic data that fall broadly into three categories: 1. Inversion-type approaches where some pre-determined information or assumption is used to overcome the inherent non-uniqueness of the inversion solution (Zhang and Castangna, 2011). 2. Methods that use the available bandwidth with high signal-to-noise to extrapolate or ‘predict’ the low and high-frequency components (Smith et al., 2008). 3. Methods that apply some sort of frequency-dependent filtering to the seismic data to improve the signal-to-noise of the high and/or low-frequency components (Whitcome and Hodgson, 2007).
Supplementary Figure 5 from MiR-10b Downregulates the Stress-Induced Cell Surface Molecule MICB, a Critical Ligand for Cancer Cell Recognition by Natural Killer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 342K, MiR-10b specifically targets MICB&lt;/p&gt;
P1–207: Quantification of higher order forms of beta‐amyloid and total beta‐amyloid peptides in CSF (2013)

The Abeta hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) posits that oligomers and/or aggregates, but not monomers or plaques, are the toxic species that result in neuronal loss. Therefore, assays are needed that can monitor higher order forms in patient samples. Assays that quantify total Abeta are also in demand for monitoring response to therapeutic treatment. We report the feasibility of a sandwich immunoassay that binds higher order forms of amyloid beta but not monomers. We also developed an assay that measures total Abeta. Both assays have been used to characterize CSF samples from AD patients and healthy controls. We tested a variety of assay formats with N-terminal, C-Terminal, and mid-epitope antibodies against Abeta peptides. Monomeric and oligomeric forms of Abeta 40 and 42 peptides were generated and spiked into CSF to develop the assays. The assay designed to measure oligomeric forms used a common N-terminal Abeta antibody for both capture and detection; the total Abeta assay used that same antibody for capture but used a mid-epitope antibody for detection. Standard curves presented herein show the functionality and specificty of each assay. Abeta 38, 40, 42, total Abeta, and oligomeric forms of Abeta peptide were measured in human CSF. The total Abeta assay had a sensitivity of <5 pg/ml of Abeta 42. The oligomeric assay did not detect monomeric Abeta 40 but did detect less than approximately 10 pg/ml of oligomerized Abeta 42. (The precise concentration of the oligomerized peptide was difficult to measure.) Although oligomeric forms of Abeta were not detectable in a set of CSF samples, roughly 5–10 ng/ml of total Abeta was detected in the same samples. The total Abeta levels were greater than the sum of the individual Abeta 38, 40, and 42 peptides. We have developed assays for total and oligomeric forms of Abeta peptides. The total Abeta assay was extremely sensitive and could measure differences within a common set of human CSF samples. We were unable to measure oligomeric forms of Abeta in normal CSF. The development of these assays should enable the evaluation of relative levels Abeta peptide forms in normal and AD cohorts.
Effect of deposition parameters on the stress gradient of CVD and PECVD poly-SiGe for MEMS applications (2004)

The effect of the deposition parameters and Ge content on the stress gradient in poly-SiGe films was investigated. The films, ranging in thickness from 1.2 to 2.3 &mu;m, were deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 450 &deg;C and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at 520 &deg;C. The Ge content was varied between 45 and 64 at%. Xray diffraction revealed that both PECVD and CVD films were polycrystalline. The stress gradient was determined by measuring the deflection of 1 mm long released cantilevers. The stress gradient was found to decrease with increasing Ge content. A CVD film with 55 at% Ge was thinned using a very low power SF<sub>6</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> plasma. The stress gradient was measured as a function of film thickness. The stress profile was calculated by matching the bending moment of the calculated profile to the bending moment obtained from the measured stress gradient. The largest change in stress occurs right at the thin film/substrate interface. PECVD films were found to possess a lower stress gradient compared to CVD films with similar thickness. This was explained by differences in TEM microstructure: CVD films have more Vshaped grains, while PECVD films have more columnar grains.
The Performance of Monolithic Hybrid Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (2008)

A novel resistive-capacitive-inductive transmission-line equivalent circuit was used to model a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). This fuel cell model was developed and improved from existing impedance fuel cell model and transmission-line fuel cell model. The resistive-capacitive-inductive transmission line model can properly describe the inductive and capacitive behaviors of the DMFC operating in both low and high frequency regions. The advantages of this transmission line fuel cell model have been discussed based on Mueller's experimental impedance spectrum of DMFC (1). Finally, the model has been used to estimate the optimum capacitive materials loading in the monolithic hybrid DMFC (2). The numerical simulation proved that increasing double-layer capacitance of the DMFC can provide a good dynamic performance similar to the DMFC connected with a discrete supercapacitor in parallel.
Normally-OFF Two-Dimensional Hole Gas Diamond MOSFETs Through Nitrogen-Ion Implantation (2019)

Diamond is a promising material for power applications owing to its excellent physical properties. Two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) diamond metal-oxide- semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with hydrogen-terminated (C-H) channel have high current densities and high breakdown fields but often show normally-ON operation. From the viewpoint of safety, normally-OFF operation is required for power applications. In this letter, we used ion implantation to form a shallow and thin nitrogen-doped layer below the C-H channel region, which realized normally-OFF operation. Nitrogen-ion implanted length is fixed at 5 or 10 μm. Nitrogen is a deep donor (1.7 eV) and the nitrogen-doped layer prevents hole accumulation near the surface. The threshold voltage was as high as -2.5 V and no obvious dependence on the threshold voltage of nitrogenion implanted length is observed. The breakdown field was 2.7 MV/cm at room temperature. Of 64 devices with a common gate length, 75% showed normally-OFF operation. We confirmed the threshold voltage shift by a thin and shallow nitrogen-doped layer formed by ion implantation.
Supplementary Figure 7 from HO-3867, a Safe STAT3 Inhibitor, Is Selectively Cytotoxic to Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 156K, Effect of H-4073 in both cancer and normal cells. Phosphokinase assay array using CHO cells.&lt;/p&gt;
WE‐E‐134‐03: Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization of Parotid‐Gland Injury Following Head‐And‐Neck Radiotherapy Using Nakagami‐Parameter Imaging: A Feasibility Study (2013)

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is an important modality in the multidisciplinary approach to treating head‐and‐neck malignancies. However, xerostomia (dry mouth), secondary to parotid‐gland injury, is a distressing side‐effect affecting up to 90% of patients post head‐and‐neck RT. The purpose of this study is to develop an ultrasonic tissue characterization technique based on Nakagami‐parameter imaging to evaluate parotid‐gland injury. Methods: A preliminary clinical study was conducted with 12 post‐RT patients and 12 healthy volunteers. Each participant underwent one ultrasound study in which ultrasound scans were performed in the longitudinal, i.e. vertical, orientation on the bilateral parotids. For the 12 patients, the mean radiation dose to the parotid glands was 37.7 ± 9.5 Gy, and the mean follow‐up time was 16.3 ± 4.8 months. All enrolled patients experienced grade 1 or 2 late salivary‐gland toxicity (RTOG/EORTC morbidity scale). The normal parotid glands served as the control group. From Nakagami imaging, Nakagami scaling and shape parameters were computed from the RF data to quantify radiation‐induced parotid‐gland changes. Results: Significant differences in Nakagami parameters were observed between the normal and post‐RT parotid glands. The mean Nakagami scaling parameter values were (3.77 ± 1.70)10E8 for the normal parotid glands, and (2.77 ± 1.69)10E8 for the irradiated parotid glands (p&lt;0.001). The mean Nakagami shape parameter values were 2.16 ± 0.95 for the normal parotid glands, and 1.29 ± 0.68 for the irradiated parotid glands (p&lt;0.001). Radiation‐induced parotid‐gland injury appears to be associated with decreased Nakagami parameters. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using Nakagami parameters to evaluate parotid‐gland injury. Nakagami imaging, which complements conventional B‐mode imaging, has the potential of providing key imaging signatures for ultrasonic characterization of radiation‐induced changes in the parotid glands. This imaging method may be useful as we try to address xerostomia in patients following radiotherapy for head‐and‐neck malignancies.
Designing Test Patterns for Effective Measurement of Typical TSV Pairs in a Silicon Interposer (2014)

In this paper, practical test patterns are designed to calculate the characteristics of Through-Silicon Via (TSV) pairs in a silicon interposer. Proposed test patterns include probing pads, traces and TSVs, which are modeled by a combination of impedances and admittances. Performance of the test patterns is obtained from simulation models built in full wave simulation solver. TSV response is then obtained by de-embedding the pad and trace from the test patterns. The TSV response is also verified by analytical TSV characterization and full wave simulation results for only TSV structures. Thus the paper provides a guide to design feasible test structures from which true response of a TSV pair can be derived.
Introduction of lysine residues on the light chain constant domain improves the labelling properties of a recombinant Fab fragment (1995)

Europium chelates provide a non-radioactive alternative for sensitive labelling of antibodies for diagnostic immunoassays. Lysine residues at antibody surfaces are ready targets for labelling by an isothiocyanate derivative of the europium chelate (Eu3+). Here the labelling efficiency of a recombinant anti-human alpha-fetoprotein (hAFP) Fab fragment has been improved by increasing its lysine content by protein engineering. Molecular modelling was used to identify three light chain constant domain surface arginine residues, R154, R187 and R210, which were mutated to lysine residues. The mutations did not influence the affinity of the lysine-enriched Fab fragment and its labelling efficiency was found to be approximately 40% higher than that of the wild-type Fab fragment. With low degree of labelling, the affinities of the two Fab fragments were identical and comparable with that of the original monoclonal anti-hAFP IgG. With a higher degree of labelling the affinities of both Fab fragments decreased more than that of the intact IgG since more lysine residues are available for labelling in the additional heavy chain constant domains of the larger molecule. Electrostatic adsorption and covalent immobilization of the Fab fragments were characterized by BIAcore and the lysine-enriched Fab fragment was found to be more efficiently immobilized to an activated carboxymethyl surface.
Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Light-Emitting Diodes (1999)

High-efficiency light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using air-stable electrodes remain an important goal. Here the authors report the design and synthesis of electroluminescent hybrid organic–inorganic materials using the sol-gel process in order to improve the aging and environmental stability of LEDs. Devices—which emitted in the orange—consisting of a sol-gel layer sandwiched between a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and an evaporated aluminum cathode were also prepared, demonstrating the electroluminescent properties of the sol-gel materials.
Dos granjas al aire libre y buenos resultados en Girona (1997)

The disruption of chromatin-regulating genes is associated with many neurocognitive syndromes. While most of these genes are ubiquitously expressed across various cell-types, many chromatin regulators act upon activity regulated genes (ARGs) that play central roles in synaptic development and plasticity. Recent literature suggests a link between ARG expression disruption in neurons with the human phenotypes observed in various neurocognitive syndromes. Advances in chromatin biology have demonstrated how chromatin structure, from nucleosome occupancy to higher-order structures such as topologically associated domains, impacts the kinetics of transcription. This review discusses the dynamics of these various levels of chromatin structure and their influence on the expression of ARGs.
Label-free SERS/machine learning procedures for protein classification (2021)

We introduce an efficacious machine learning classification plus chemostructural characterization of proteins by a mixed data processing based on Principal Component Analysis applied to multipeak fitting on Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering spectra.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DRUG RESISTANCE IN <i>MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS</i> (1996)

In spite of forty years of effective chemotherapy for tuberculosis, the molecular mechanisms of antibacterial compounds in Mycobacterium tuberculosis have only recently been revealed. Broad spectrum antibacterials, including streptomycin, rifampicin, and fluoroquinolones have been demonstrated to act on the same targets in M. tuberculosis as they do in E. coli. Resistance to these agents results from single mutagenic events that lead to amino acid substitutions in their target proteins. The mechanisms of action of the unique antitubercular drugs, including isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide have also recently been defined. Resistance to isoniazid can be caused either by mutations in the katG-encoded catalase-peroxidase, the enzyme responsible for drug activation, or by the molecular target, the inhA-encoded long chain enoyl-ACP reductase. Ethambutol appears to block specifically the biosynthesis of the arabinogalactan component of the mycobacterial cell envelope, and pyrazinamide has no known target. With the resurgence of tuberculosis and the appearance of strains which are multiply resistant to the above compounds, present tuberculosis chemotherapies are threatened. New approaches to the treatment of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis are needed.
Larvicidal Activity of Isoflavonoids from <b><i>Muellera Frutescens</i></b> Extracts Against <b><i>Aedes Aegypti</i></b> (2012)

The biological activity of extracts from the leaves, bark and roots of Muellera frutescens, an Amazonian ichtyotoxic plant, were evaluated to find new environmentally safe insecticides. The n-hexane extracts of bark, leaf, and root showed a strong toxic activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. Bioguided fractionation of the bark extract led to the isolation of seven isoflavonoids (12a-hydroxyelliptone, elliptone, (-)-variabilin, rotenone, rotenolone, tephrosin and deguelin). Rotenone and deguelin are responsible for the larvicidal activity of the plant. M frutescens leaves contain up to 0.6%, w/w, deguelin. These results justify the traditional ichtyotoxic use of M frutescens. The leaves contain a relatively high proportion of deguelin and, therefore, can be considered as a renewable source of this environmentally friendly insecticidal isoflavonoid.
Evidence for top quark production in<i>p</i>¯<i>p</i>collisions at √<i>s</i>=1.8 TeV (1994)

We summarize a search for the top quark with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) in a sample of p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}p collisions at \ensuremath{\surd}s =1.8 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 19.3 ${\mathrm{pb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. We find 12 events consistent with either two W bosons, or a W boson and at least one b jet. The probability that the measured yield is consistent with the background is 0.26%. Though the statistics are too limited to establish firmly the existence of the top quark, a natural interpretation of the excess is that it is due to tt\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} production. Under this assumption, constrained fits to individual events yield a top quark mass of 174\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}${10}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}12}^{+13}$ GeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$. The tt\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} production cross section is measured to be 13.${9}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4.8}^{+6.1}$ pb.