gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1,3,5‐Triazino Peptide Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Antileishmanial Activity (2018)

A library of short di-, tri-, and tetra-peptides with an s-triazine moiety at the N terminus and either an amide or ethyl ester C terminus was prepared in solution and on the solid phase. The two remaining positions of the s-triazine moiety were substituted with methoxy, morpholino, or piperidino groups. All the synthesized peptide derivatives were analyzed by HPLC and fully characterized by IR spectroscopy, <sup>1</sup> H and <sup>13</sup> C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF). A preliminary study of the antileishmanial activity of the 1,3,5-triazinyl peptide derivatives revealed that four dipeptide amide derivatives showed higher antipromastigote or antiamastigote activity than the reference standard drug miltefosine with no significance acute toxicity.
Beryllofluoride mimics phosphorylation of NtrC and other bacterial response regulators (1999)

Two-component systems, sensor kinase-response regulator pairs, dominate bacterial signal transduction. Regulation is exerted by phosphorylation of an Asp in receiver domains of response regulators. Lability of the acyl phosphate linkage has limited structure determination for the active, phosphorylated forms of receiver domains. As assessed by both functional and structural criteria, beryllofluoride yields an excellent analogue of aspartyl phosphate in response regulator NtrC, a bacterial enhancer-binding protein. Beryllofluoride also appears to activate the chemotaxis, sporulation, osmosensing, and nitrate/nitrite response regulators CheY, Spo0F, OmpR, and NarL, respectively. NMR spectroscopic studies indicate that beryllofluoride will facilitate both biochemical and structural characterization of the active forms of receiver domains.
Tumor immune microenvironment and genomic evolution in a patient with metastatic triple negative breast cancer and a complete response to atezolizumab (2019)

This case report describes the evolution of TiME and TNBC molecular subtypes/genomics over time with sequential therapies in a TNBC patient with a CR to atezolizumab monotherapy. These data suggest the TiME is pliable and may be manipulated to maximize response to immunotherapy (NCT01375842, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01375842?term=NCT01375842&rank=1 ).
Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Class D β-Lactamase from <i>Achromobacter xylosoxidans</i> (2008)

A chromosomally encoded class D beta-lactamase, OXA-114, was characterized from Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain CIP69598. beta-Lactamase OXA-114 shared 56% amino acid identity with the naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase of Burkholderia cenocepacia and 42% identity with the acquired oxacillinases OXA-9 and OXA-18. OXA-114 has a narrow-spectrum hydrolysis profile, although it includes imipenem, at a very low level. PCR and sequencing revealed that bla(OXA-114)-like genes were identified in all A. xylosoxidans strains tested (n = 5), indicating that this beta-lactamase is naturally occurring in that species. Induction experiments with imipenem and cefoxitin did not show inducibility of bla(OXA-114) expression.
Stereochemistry and kinetics of the hydration of 2-acetamido-D-glucal by .beta.-N-acetylhexosaminidases (1994)

Hydrolysis by three beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases (human placenta, jack bean, and bovine kidney) is shown to occur with the retention of anomeric configuration, most likely via a double-displacement mechanism involving the formation and hydrolysis of a glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. 2-Acetamido-D-glucal is shown to be a slow, tight-binding substrate for the jack bean enzyme, with Vmax and Km values of 0.48 +/- 0.01 unit/mg and 27 +/- 2.8 microM, respectively. The same substrate is also bound very tightly by the human and bovine enzymes, with Ki values of 8 and 25 microM, respectively. All three enzymes hydrate 2-acetamido-D-glucal, yielding N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as the product in each case. This is the first time that proton transfer has been shown to occur from the top face during the hydration of a glycal by a retaining beta-glycosidase. Kinetic studies of this hydration reaction with the jack bean enzyme demonstrate that the tight binding observed is due to the formation of a high-affinity, reversible complex, and not due to the accumulation of a reaction intermediate. This indicates that correctly substituted glycals might act as transition state mimics and suggests approaches to the design of high-affinity inhibitors of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases.
Measurement of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Plasticization of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Using a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (2008)

From measurements utilizing a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) is found to undergo unusually high linear dilation in CO2 at high temperatures and pressures. The extent of dilation and the dilational profiles are shown to depend strongly on molecular weight and crystallinity. It is also shown that the conditions at which melting and sintering occur can be identified from LVDT measurements. After the first heating cycle in CO2, unsintered samples (PTFE-230, -600, -1000, and U-PTFE) show a Tm identical to PTFE (327 °C) instead of the higher pre-CO2 Tm. This observation indicates that these samples were sintered during the LVDT measurements. ΔHf was constant for pre-CO2 PTFE-230, -600, and -1000, but after sintering, crystallinity decreased with increasing molecular weight. In contrast to the precipitous drop for U-PTFE, ΔHf for PTFE-230, -600, and -1000 remained above 70 J/g. Chain entanglement effects on crystallization are modest for these low molecular weight materials. For lower molecular weight samples (PTFE-230, -600, and -1000), Tm depression and melt flow were observed. For the high molecular weight samples (PTFE and U-PTFE), Tm depression in CO2 also occurs, but exceptionally high molecular weight and chain entanglement preclude melt flow. Both PTFE and U-PTFE are unusual in that melting is signaled by an increase in dilation rather than the usual loss of shape or “slumping” due to melt flow. Despite the hydrostatic pressure effect, PTFE melting point depression in supercritical CO2 was found to be approximately 30 °C.
The Development of Insulin Receptors and Responsiveness Is an Early Marker of Differentiation in the Muscle Cell Line L6* (1986)

After reaching confluence, mononucleated L6 myoblasts fuse into multinucleated contracting myotubes. This process is accompanied by the synthesis of characteristic skeletal muscle proteins, such as myosin heavy chain and the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase. We have studied the development of insulin receptors and insulin responsiveness during differentiation in the L6 cells. Insulin was bound to high affinity receptors in both myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. The binding showed characteristics typical for insulin binding in other cell types, including high affinity, appropriate specificity, an upwardly concave Scatchard plot, and down-regulation. In the logarithmic growth phase, the myoblasts exhibited a low level of insulin binding, but on initiation of cell fusion, the resulting myotubes progressively developed a 2-fold increase in specific [125I]iodoinsulin binding as a result of a 2-fold increase in receptor number. The increase in insulin binding was an early differentiation event, preceding the accumulation of creatine kinase by 24 h. The development of insulin binding during differentiation correlated closely with an increased ability of the hormone to stimulate maximal 2-deoxy-D-glucose and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake at physiological concentrations. The L6 cells are a useful model for studying the binding and effects of physiological insulin concentrations in skeletal muscle before and after differentiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Semiconductor Transition, Charge Disproportionation, and Low‐Temperature Structure of Ca<sub>1‐x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>FeO<sub>3</sub> Synthesized under High‐Oxygen Pressure. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MAEDAY: MAE for few and zero shot AnomalY-Detection (2022)

We propose using Masked Auto-Encoder (MAE), a transformer model self-supervisedly trained on image inpainting, for anomaly detection (AD). Assuming anomalous regions are harder to reconstruct compared with normal regions. MAEDAY is the first image-reconstruction-based anomaly detection method that utilizes a pre-trained model, enabling its use for Few-Shot Anomaly Detection (FSAD). We also show the same method works surprisingly well for the novel tasks of Zero-Shot AD (ZSAD) and Zero-Shot Foreign Object Detection (ZSFOD), where no normal samples are available. Code is available at https://github.com/EliSchwartz/MAEDAY .
AFB<sub>1</sub>–AP Conjugate for Enzyme Immunoassay of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>in Corn Samples (2009)

This article describes the conjugation between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the major mycotoxins, and alkaline phosphatase (AP), one of the most used enzymes for immunoassays. In addition, an application of the ELISA method for aflatoxin B1 determination in corn is presented. Three AFB1-AP conjugates in different toxin-enzyme ratios were prepared and tested. The ELISA results, developed with the most effective conjugate obtained, showed a satisfactory working range between 2.4 and 4000ng of toxin/g of corn. The detection limit was 2ng/g in corn samples, and recoveries ranged from 105 to 120%.
Nonlinear refraction in semiconductor lasers (review) (1985)

A strong optical nonlinearity is typical of semiconductors. A large contribution to the nonlinearity comes from the influence of free carriers on the refractive index and the carrier density itself depends on the intensity either because of photoelectric absorption or because of stimulated emission. In semiconductor lasers this gives rise to a number of effects, such as self-focusing, nonlinearity of the optical losses with associated emission dynamics anomalies, bistable operation in compound resonators and amplifiers, frequency self-modulation, and nonlinear scattering by electron density waves. Self-stabilization of single-frequency emission, which makes it possible to increase the intensity of coherent radiation emitted from a semiconductor laser, has the same physical basis as the aforementioned effects.
Innate Immune Dysfunctions in Aged Mice Facilitate the Systemic Dissemination of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (2012)

Elderly humans show increased susceptibility to invasive staphylococcal disease after skin and soft tissue infection. However, it is not understood how host immunity changes with aging, and how that predisposes to invasive disease. In a model of severe skin infection, we showed that aged mice (16- to 20-month-old) exhibit dramatic bacterial dissemination compared with young adult mice (2-month-old). Bacterial dissemination was associated with significant reductions of CXCL1 (KC), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), and extracellular DNA traps (NETs) at the infection site. PMNs and primary skin fibroblasts isolated from aged mice showed decreased secretion of CXCL2 (MIP-2) and KC in response to MRSA, and in vitro analyses of mitochondrial functions revealed that the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I plays a significant role in induction of chemokines in the cells isolated from young but not old mice. Additionally, PMNs isolated from aged mice have reduced ability to form NETs and to kill MRSA. Expression of nuclease by S. aureus led to increased bacterial systemic dissemination in young but not old mice, suggesting that defective NETs formation in elderly mice permitted nuclease and non-nuclease expressing S. aureus to disseminate equally well. Overall, these findings suggest that gross impairment of both skin barrier function and innate immunity contributes to the propensity for MRSA to disseminate in aged mice. Furthermore, the study indicates that contribution of bacterial factors to pathogenicity may vary with host age.
Stability of friction fade-out at polymer-like carbon films slid by ZrO<sub>2</sub> pins under alcohol-vapored hydrogen gas environment (2016)

Friction tests using ZrO 2 (Y-PSZ: yttria partially stabilized zirconia) pin slid against polymer-like carbon film of bilayer and multilayer structures under H 2 gas environment are conducted. It will be shown that friction coefficients of the level of 0.0001 (friction fade-out) is stably realized by adding alcohol vapors to H 2 gas during run-in stage, then by stepping up the load from 19.8 N to 63.7 N after run-in stage. Four kinds of vapors of alcohol aqueous solutions are tested using bilayer samples, and ethanol-vapored H 2 gas shows the longest friction fade-out duration. Polymer-like carbon/diamond-like carbon multilayer sample shows long-life friction fade-out of 4 h, and it will be shown that the friction trace of 4 h reflects wear process of the first layer of polymer-like carbon and the second layer of diamond-like carbon. ZrO 2 surface is observed by an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy and measured by surface profiler after friction fade-out test, and it is shown that flat contact area at the central region has many blisters and crimps, and is surrounded by peripheral bumps. It is also shown that the sliding marks are seen only at the top of crimps at the central region. Raman measurements indicate that short-chain carbons are predominant at blisters and ring carbons of small clusters are predominant at bumps. With these observations friction fade-out mechanism is discussed.
Doping MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> hybrid perovskites with CdSe/CdZnS quantum dots: from emissive thin films to hybrid single-photon sources (2022)

We report the first doping of crystalline methyl-ammonium lead bromide perovskite (MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>) films with CdSe/CdZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs), using a soft-chemistry approach that preserves their high quantum yield and other remarkable luminescence properties. Our approach produces MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> films of around 100 nm thickness, doped at volume ratios between 0.01 and 1% with colloidal CdSe/CdZnS QDs whose organic ligands were exchanged with halide ions to allow for close contact between the QDs and the perovskite matrix. Ensemble photoluminescence (PL) measurements demonstrate the retained emission of the QDs after incorporation into the MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> matrix. Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra exhibit signatures of wavelength-dependent coupling between the CdSe/CdZnS QDs and the MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> matrix, <i>i.e.</i>, a transfer of charges from matrix to QD, which increases the QD luminescence by up to 150%, or from QD to matrix. Spatially-resolved PL experiments reveal a strong correlation between the positions of QDs and an enhancement of the PL signal of the matrix. Lifetime imaging of the doped films furthermore shows that the emission lifetime of MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> is slower in the vicinity of QDs, which, in combination with the increased PL signal of the matrix, suggests that QDs can act as local nucleation seeds that improve the crystallinity of MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>, thus boosting its emission quantum yield. Luminescence antibunching measurements provide clear evidence of single-photon emission from individual QDs in perovskite. Finally, the analysis of blinking statistics indicates an improvement of the photostability of individual QDs in perovskite as compared to bare CdSe/CdZnS QDs. At high CdSe/CdZnS QD doping levels, this work thus opens a route to hybrid solar concentrators for visible-light harvesting and hybrid-based LEDs, while a low degree of doping could yield hybrid single-photon sources than can be embedded in field-effect devices for single-charge control, which would allow the construction of nanophotonic devices <i>via</i> low-cost solution-processing techniques as an alternative to solid-state quantum dots.
The bifurcating neuron (1991)

Present neural network models ignore temporal considerations, and hence synchronicity in neural networks, by representing neuron response with a transfer function relating frequency of action potentials (firing frequency) to activation potential. Models of living neuron based on the Hudgkin-Huxley model of the excitable membrane of the squid’s axon and its Fitzhugh-Nagumo approximation, exhibit much more complex and rich behavior than that described by firing frequency-activation potential models. We describe the theory, operation, and properties of an integrate-and-fire neuron which we call the bifurcating neuron and show it has rich complex behavior capable of exhibiting synchronous firing or phase-locked operation, periodic firing, chaotic firing, bursting, and bifurcation between these modes of operation. An optoelectronic realization of the bifurcating neuron in the form of a nonlinear relaxation oscillator is described and experimental verification of its behavior is presented. The circuit shows that bifurcating neuron networks could be easier to construct than sigmoidal neuron networks. A population of bifurcating neurons, coupled through a connection matrix, represent a bifurcating neural network that is expected to exhibit properties not normally observed in networks of sigmoidal neurons. These include feature binding, cognition, quenching, and chaos, all of which play a role in higher level brain function. We expect the bifurcating neuron will lead to a new generation of neural networks more neuromorphic and hence more powerful than networks being dealt with today and that optics will play a role in the implementation of bifurcating neuron networks.
Product quality strategy in charity retail: a case study (2003)

Abstract This paper addresses strategies adopted by one charity retail chain to deal with the problem of the impact of sales competition on the effectiveness of charity shops in producing surplus funds for their parent charities. The organisation sought differentiation on grounds of quality in stock and presentation, via a strict stock rotation policy and tight management controls. Control practices and information systems were found to be supportive of the chosen strategy but financial appraisal of the operation did not fully support the Director's confidence in the effectiveness of his operation. The findings of this study provide a degree of support to papers published in Volume 5, Number 2 of this journal. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications
ChemInform Abstract: A USEFUL METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM TERMINAL ALKYNES (1984)

Abstract Durch Anwendung der angegebenen Versuchsbedingungen gelingt es, aus den Acetylenen (I) die Alkancarbonsäuren (II) mit gleicher Kettenlänge darzustellen.
Data from &lt;i&gt;Nedd9&lt;/i&gt; Restrains Autophagy to Limit Growth of Early Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer worldwide. With overall 5-year survival estimated at &lt;17%, it is critical to identify factors that regulate NSCLC disease prognosis. NSCLC is commonly driven by mutations in &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt;, with activation of additional kinases such as SRC promoting tumor invasion. In this study, we investigated the role of NEDD9, a SRC activator and scaffolding protein, in NSCLC tumorigenesis. In an inducible model of NSCLC dependent on &lt;i&gt;Kras&lt;/i&gt; mutation and &lt;i&gt;Trp53&lt;/i&gt; loss (&lt;i&gt;KP&lt;/i&gt; mice), deletion of &lt;i&gt;Nedd9&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;KPN&lt;/i&gt; mice) led to the emergence of larger tumors characterized by accelerated rates of tumor growth and elevated proliferation. Orthotopic injection of &lt;i&gt;KP&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;KPN&lt;/i&gt; tumors into the lungs of &lt;i&gt;Nedd9&lt;/i&gt;-wild-type and -null mice indicated the effect of &lt;i&gt;Nedd9&lt;/i&gt; loss was cell-autonomous. Tumors in &lt;i&gt;KPN&lt;/i&gt; mice displayed reduced activation of SRC and AKT, indicating that activation of these pathways did not mediate enhanced growth of KPN tumors. NSCLC tumor growth has been shown to require active autophagy, a process dependent on activation of the kinases LKB1 and AMPK. &lt;i&gt;KPN&lt;/i&gt; tumors contained high levels of active LKB1 and AMPK and increased autophagy compared with &lt;i&gt;KP&lt;/i&gt; tumors. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine completely eliminated the growth advantage of KPN tumors. These data for the first time identify NEDD9 as a negative regulator of LKB1/AMPK–dependent autophagy during early NSCLC tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study demonstrates a novel role for the scaffolding protein NEDD9 in regulating LKB1-AMPK signaling in early stage non–small cell lung cancer, suppressing autophagy and tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor increases Angiotensin II‐induced ET‐1 production (2008)

Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in development of hypertension during pregnancy. Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II (AngII) type I receptor (AT1‐AA) may be important links between endothelial dysfunction and hypertension during preeclampsia. Although it is clear that activation of the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) increases endothelial cell production of ET‐1, it is unknown whether interaction of the AT1‐AA with the AT1R enhances AngII‐induced ET‐1 production. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that binding of the AT1‐AA to the AT1R increased ET‐1 secretion from endothelial cells. To achieve this goal we examined the effect of AngII on ET‐1 production in the presence and absence of the AT1‐AA. HUVEC were pretreated with serum free media, AngII (10‐7mol/L), 1:100 AT1‐AA isolated from preeclamptic women, or AT1‐AA+AngII for six hours. ET‐1 was measured by ELISA and normalized to total protein/flask. Basal ET‐1 production increased from 19.3 +/− 1.7 to 45.4 +/− 14 pg/ml with AngII and to 32.9 +/− 2.3 pg/ml with the AT1‐AA alone. Interestingly, ET‐1 production increased markedly from 19.3 +/− 1.7 to 297.6 +/− 50 pg/ml in response to AngII in the presence of the AT1‐AA. This exaggerated response was abolished with an AT1R antagonist or an AT1‐AA specific blocking peptide. These findings support the hypothesis that AT1‐AA increases AngII‐induced ET‐1 production.