gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEMS Enabled Micro Spray Cooling System for Thermal Control of Electronic Chips (2001)

Abstract Liquid cooling of electronic devices becomes necessary when the chip-level heat fluxes increase and traditional air cooling encounters ever-increasing difficulties. From all the liquid cooling processes, spray cooling appears more successful due to its high critical heat flux, relatively low liquid flow rates, highly controllable, and the non-existence of boiling incipient hysterisis. This paper describes the development of the EDIFICE project (Embedded Droplet Impingement For Integrated Cooling of Electronics), which seeks to develop an integrated droplet impingement cooling device for removing chip heat fluxes in the range 50–100 W/cm2, employing latent heat of vaporization of dielectric fluids. Micro-spray nozzles are fabricated on silicon using MEMS technology to produce 100 micron droplets with odd shaped nozzles and swirling nozzles. The effects of shape, size, type of fluid, and swirling are tested and discussed. Spray heat transfer on silicon surfaces is studied with various surface texturing on the backside of the chip to promote spreading and evaporation of cold fluids as well as at heated conditions. The effects of configuration and fluids are revealed. Numerical modeling is used to study preliminary designs at both the device and system level. The paper describes progress made in the development of the EDIFICE device.
Guidelines for implantable cardioverter defibrillator follow-up in Canada: a consensus statement of the Canadian Working Group on Cardiac Pacing. (2003)

A survey on the follow-up practices of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in Canada was conducted by the Canadian Working Group on Cardiac Pacing in 1999. The survey identified the need for national guidelines. The present guidelines for ICD follow-up represent a consensus statement of the Canadian Working Group on Cardiac Pacing. They recommend that patients be assessed before hospital discharge, at two to 12 weeks following implantation, six months after implantation, and at a minimum of every six months thereafter. More frequent assessments may be required for some patients depending on associated cardiovascular problems and specific ICD devices. A typical follow-up visit should include a targeted cardiovascular assessment, interrogation of the ICD, review of telemetered data, assessment of the underlying rhythm, pacing and sensing thresholds, lead impedance and appropriate reprogramming of ICD parameters to optimize device function and longevity.
Similarity and affine distance between 2D point sets (2002)

We develop expressions for measuring the distance between 2D point sets, which are invariant to either 2D affine transformations or 2D similarity transformations of the sets, and assuming a known correspondence between the point sets. Moreover, it makes it possible to compute the distance between images under different conditions, including cases where the images are treated asymmetrically. We demonstrate these results with real images.
The macrophage activation marker <scp>sCD</scp>163 is associated with morphological disease stages in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (2016)

Soluble CD163 reflecting macrophage activation is associated with morphological features of NAFLD suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, NASH and particularly fibrosis. An independent association between sCD163 and cytokeratin-18 suggests that apoptosis may contribute to macrophage activation in NAFLD/NASH.
Technical feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasms in the elderly Japanese population (2006)

These results indicate that ESD could be a safe and reliable treatment for gastric neoplasms in elderly patients.
Structural Rearrangement of 2-D Zeolite Nanosheets under Electron Beam (2015)

Two-dimensional (2-D) zeolites and zeolite nanosheets are porous silicate frameworks desirable for catalytic uses involving bulky molecules [1], thin film separation membranes Functionality of such zeolites is highly dependent on their crystal structure, thickness and pore dimensions. Low-dose transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies at an optimum accelerating voltage have proven particularly useful in crystallographic structure determination of these electron beam sensitive materials However, it is known that zeolites undergo amorphization through radiolysis at low accelerating voltages, as well as both sputtering and amorphization through knock-on at high accelerating voltages Being inherently destructive, the examination of zeolites in TEM cannot perfectly reveal as-synthesized structure.
PVA‐based tunable buffering membranes for isoelectric trapping separations (2008)

Abstract PVA‐based buffering membranes with tunable pH values were prepared on a PVA substrate by reacting PVA, glycerol‐1,3‐diglycidyl ether, –NH 2 group‐containing buffers and –NH 2 group‐containing titrants in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The pH of the buffering membranes could be tuned in the 3&lt;pH&lt;10 range according to the Hendersson–Hasselbach equation while maintaining buffering capacities in excess of 100 mM. Detailed recipes for the preparation of six families of buffering membranes are tabulated and provided as Supporting Information. The buffering membranes were used to trap and desalt ampholyte solutions and separate proteins having a Δp I as small as 0.1. The membranes were mechanically and hydrolytically stable and could be stored, even in 10&lt;pH sodium hydroxide solutions, in excess of 6 months.
Where Businesses Thrive: Predicting the Impact of the Olympic Games on\n Local Retailers through Location-based Services Data (2014)

The Olympic Games are an important sporting event with notable consequences\nfor the general economic landscape of the host city. Traditional economic\nassessments focus on the aggregated impact of the event on the national income,\nbut fail to provide micro-scale insights on why local businesses will benefit\nfrom the increased activity during the Games. In this paper we provide a novel\napproach to modeling the impact of the Olympic Games on local retailers by\nanalyzing a dataset mined from a large location-based social service,\nFoursquare. We hypothesize that the spatial positioning of businesses as well\nas the mobility trends of visitors are primary indicators of whether retailers\nwill rise their popularity during the event. To confirm this we formulate a\nretail winners prediction task in the context of which we evaluate a set of\ngeographic and mobility metrics. We find that the proximity to stadiums, the\ndiversity of activity in the neighborhood, the nearby area sociability, as well\nas the probability of customer flows from and to event places such as stadiums\nand parks are all vital factors. Through supervised learning techniques we\ndemonstrate that the success of businesses hinges on a combination of both\ngeographic and mobility factors. Our results suggest that location-based social\nnetworks, where crowdsourced information about the dynamic interaction of users\nwith urban spaces becomes publicly available, present an alternative medium to\nassess the economic impact of large scale events in a city.\n
An<i>in vitro</i>release kinetic examination and comparative evaluation between submicron emulsion and polylactic acid nanocapsules of clofibride (1995)

Polylactic acid nanocapsules of clofibride containing soybean oil (SO) or medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) as the oil core were prepared. The in-vitro drug release kinetic profiles were determined and compared to those of a clofibride submicron emulsion using two different kinetic techniques: the bulk equilibrium reverse dialysis sac technique, and the centrifugal ultrafiltration technique. The former technique was shown to be inadequate for in-vitro kinetic comparison purposes as a result of drug diffusion limitations through the dialysis membrane. The latter technique yielded rapid in-vitro release profiles of clofibride from both emulsion and nanocapsule delivery systems under perfect sink conditions although a consistent lower maximum drug amount was released from the MCT nanocapsules as compared to the corresponding emulsion. This was attributed to the relatively higher aqueous solubility of MCT as compared to SO. This comparative study, carried out, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, clearly showed that both colloidal carriers behave similarly with respect to drug release despite their different morphological characteristics. The kinetic results clearly exclude either the use of submicron emulsion or of nanocapsules as colloidal controlled release delivery systems for any administration route where perfect sink conditions should prevail.
Les mammifères de tout poil : 90 clés pour comprendre (2018)

S'adressant a tous les amateurs de nature, cet ouvrage presente la grande diversite des mammiferes, et sensibilise a leurs conditions de vie, a des pratiques d'observation, voire a des problematiques de protection. Mieux connaitre les mammiferes pour mieux les comprendre? Ne sommes-nous pas nous-memes des mammiferes ?
Reducing Costs of Spare Parts Supply Systems Via Static Priorities (2009)

We study static repair priorities in a system consisting of one repair shop and one stockpoint, where spare parts of multiple repairables are kept on stock to serve an installed base of technical systems. Demands for ready-for-use parts occur according to Poisson processes, and are accom-panied by returns of failed parts. The demands are met from stock if possible, and otherwise they are backordered and fulfilled as soon as possible. Returned failed parts are immediately sent into repair. The repairables are assigned to static priority classes. The repair shop is modelled as a single-server queue, where the failed parts are served according to these priority classes. We show that under a given assignment of repairables to priority classes, optimal circulation stock levels follow from Newsboy-type equations. Next, we develop fast and effective heuristics for the assignment of repairables to priority classes. Subsequently, we compare the performance of the system under these static priorities to the case with a First-Come First-Served (FCFS) service discipline. We show that in many cases static priorities reduce total inventory holding and back-ordering costs by more than 40%. Finally, we analyse the effect of the number of priority classes. We show that 2 priority classes suffice to obtain 90 % of the maximal savings via static priorities.
Editorial: Software Reliability and Dependability Engineering (2023)

As software plays an increasingly important role in our lives, it is essential to maintain its reliability, and generally dependability. Software bugs can cause huge financial losses and dangerous accidents; the safety risks from software are underscored these days to even the non-technical public by the emergence of autonomous software-based systems. Thus, it is important to explore principled approaches to reduce the harm from defects in software, preferably by removing them as early as possible, but also by fault tolerance and by predicting their effects so as to inform mitigation actions.
Demyelination induces transcriptional reprograming in proprioceptive and Aβ rapidly adapting low-threshold-mechanoreceptor neurons (2021)

Summary Schwann cells, the main glial cell in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), ensheath bundles of small unmyelinated axons or form myelin on larger axons. PNS injuries initiate transcriptional reprograming in both Schwann cells and sensory neurons that promotes regeneration. While the factors that initiate the transcriptional reprograming in Schwann cells are well characterized, the full range of stimuli that initiate this reprograming in sensory neurons remain elusive. Here, using a genetic model of Schwann cell ablation, we find that Schwann cell loss results in transient PNS demyelination without overt axonal loss. By profiling sensory ganglia at single-cell resolution we show that this demyelination induces transcriptional reprogramming preferably in proprioceptive and Aβ RA-LTMR neurons. Transcriptional reprograming is assumed to be a cell autonomous response of sensory neurons to mechanical axonal injury. By identifying similar reprograming in non-injured, demyelinated neurons, our study suggests that this reprograming represents a non-cell autonomous transcriptional response of sensory neurons to the loss of axon-Schwann cell interactions. Highlights Ablation of Schwann cells results in transient PNS demyelination, without overt axonal loss. Schwann cell loss results in transcriptional reprograming in specific sensory neurons. Spinal nerve transection (mechanical injury of axons) and demyelination (intact axons) induces similar transcriptional responses in DRG neurons. The transcriptional response to demyelination among DRG neurons is specific to the large myelinated proprioceptive and Aβ RA-LTMR neurons.
Improved Residual Stress Prediction in Metal Cutting (2014)

Any machining operation induces significant deformation and associated stress states within the component being machined. Once the component has been finished and is removed from the machining tool, a portion of these stresses remain within the finished component, and are termed residual stresses. These stresses have a significant effect upon the performance of the final component. However, despite their importance there is no accurate and cost effective method for measuring residual stresses. For this reason predicting these stresses without the need for measurement is highly desirable. The focus of this thesis is on advancing the development and implementation of finite element models aimed at predicting residual stresses induced by metal cutting operations. There are three main focus areas within this research, the first of which is concerned with predicting residual stresses when small feed rates are used. It is shown that in the existing cutting models residual stress prediction accuracy suffers when feed rates are small. A sequential cut module is developed, which greatly increases the accuracy of the predicted residual stress depth profiles. A second area of focus concerns the influence of friction models on predicted residual stresses. A detailed set of simulations is used to elucidate the effect of friction not only for sharp tools, but also for tools which have accrued wear. It is shown that whilst friction is not of critical importance for new tools, as tools continue to wear the choice of friction model becomes significantly more important. The third area of focus is on phase transformations, induced by the cutting process. A decoupled phase transformation module is developed in order to predict the depth, if any, of a phase transformed layer beneath the newly machined surface. Furthermore, the effect of this layer on the residual stress depth profile was also studied. All three focus areas present new and novel contributions to the field of metal cutting simulations, and serve to significantly increase the capabilities of predictive models for machining.
Structural origins of carbon quantum dot luminescence by synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy (2020)

Abstract A carbon quantum dot (CQD) sample series was synthesized from citric acid and varying concentrations of thiourea. The highest (sample 1) and lowest (sample 2) concentrations of thiourea exhibited unique visual effects and electronic structures. X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) along with UV-visible spectroscopy provided unique insight into the absorption and emission mechanisms of samples 1 and 2, where only sample 2 emitted XEOL. Sample 1 exhibited the commonly observed aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) effects in the solid state. While sample 2 displayed unique aggregation induced emissions (AIE) effects upon exciting the sample above the C K edge. The AIE and ACQ sample differences were suspected to be from S moiety differences arising from the varying thiourea concentrations during synthesis. Furthermore, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in modes of total electron yields (TEY) and partial fluorescence yields (PFY) allowed the identification of specific core and surface states of the CQDs. It was discovered that thiophene moieties were uniquely formed in the AIE sample’s surface and not anywhere in the ACQ CQD sample. The thiophene surface functionality is believed to be a significant contributor to the AIE effects seen in the XEOL studies. Understanding and preventing the common CQD ACQ mechanism allows the application of CQDs in solid lighting applications.
MUC1-C drives stemness in progression of colitis to colorectal cancer (2020)

Colitis is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) by largely undefined mechanisms that are critical for understanding the link between inflammation and cancer. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) marked by leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) expression are of importance in both the inflammatory response to colitis and progression to colitis-associated colon cancer (CACC). Here, we report in human mucin 1-transgenic (MUC1-transgenic) mouse models of CACC, targeting the MUC1-C oncogenic protein suppresses the (a) Lgr5+ ISC population, (b) induction of Myc and core pluripotency stem cell factors, and (c) severity and progression of colitis to dysplasia and cancer. By extension to human colon cancer cells, we demonstrate that MUC1-C drives MYC, forms a complex with MYC on the LGR5 promoter, and activates LGR5 expression. We also show in CRC cells that MUC1-C induces cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (BMI1, ALDH1, FOXA1, LIN28B) and the OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG pluripotency factors. Consistent with conferring the CSC state, targeting MUC1-C suppresses the capacity of CRC cells to promote wound healing, invasion, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity. In analysis of human tissues, MUC1 expression associates with activation of inflammatory pathways, development of colitis, and aggressiveness of CRCs. These results collectively indicate that MUC1-C is of importance for integrating stemness and pluripotency in colitis and CRC. Of clinical relevance, the findings further indicate that MUC1-C represents a potentially previously unrecognized target that is druggable for treating progression of colitis and CRC.
Figure S6 from Discovery of a Highly Selective NAMPT Inhibitor That Demonstrates Robust Efficacy and Improved Retinal Toxicity with Nicotinic Acid Coadministration (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Association of NAPRT1 expression level with sensitivity of cancer cells to NAMPT inhibition by LSN3154567 in the presence of NA&lt;/p&gt;
Hierarchical Structures in Thin Films of Miktoarm Star Polymers: Poly(<i>n</i>-hexyl isocyanate)(12K)–Poly(ε-caprolactone)<sub>1–3</sub>(5K) (2014)

A series of miktoarm star polymers, [poly(n-hexyl isocyanate)(12K)]–[poly(ε-caprolactone)1–3(5K)] (PHIC–PCL1–3) (composed of a rigid self-assembling PHIC arm and one to three flexible crystallizable PCL arms), were investigated to examine the polymers’ thermal properties and nanoscale thin film morphologies. The miktoarm polymers were stable up to 180 °C. The PHIC and PCL arm components underwent phase separation during the solution casting, drying, and post toluene-annealing processes, forming interesting but very complex thin film morphologies. The resulting thin film morphologies were examined in detail for the first time using synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) measurements and quantitative data analysis. All of the miktoarm star polymer films formed vertically well-oriented lamellar structures, regardless of the number and length of PCL arms. These structures were quite different from the cylindrical structures commonly observed in conventional flexible diblock copolymer films having comparable volume fractions. The individual PHIC and PCL lamellar domains self-assembled to form their own respective morphological structures. The PHIC lamellae consisted of a mixture of horizontal and vertical multibilayer structure domains, as observed in the PHIC homopolymer film. The PCL lamellae formed fringed micelle-like crystals and/or highly imperfect folded crystals that differed significantly from the structures found in a PCL homopolymer film composed of typical folded lamellar crystals. These PCL crystals were formed with a mixture of vertical and horizontal orthorhombic lattices. Overall, the GIXS analysis revealed that the parameters that characterized the hierarchical structures in the thin films depended significantly on the number and length of the PCL arm and its crystallization characteristics as well as the chain rigidity and multibilayer structure formation characteristics of the PHIC arm.
Chiral Amine Enantiomeric Excess Determination Using Self‐Assembled Octahedral Fe(II)‐Imine Complexes (2015)

A receptor assembly composed of iron(II) triflate and pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde was used to determine the enantiomeric excess (ee) of alpha-chiral primary amines using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The alpha chiral amines condense with the dialdehyde to form a diimine, which forms a 2:1 octahedral complex with iron(II). The ee values of unknown concentrations of alpha-chiral amines were determined by constructing calibration curves for each amine and then measuring the ellipticity at 600 nm. This improves our previously reported assay for ee determination of chiral primary amines by further increasing the wavelength at which CD is measured and reducing the absolute error of the assay.
Competing Fluid Forces Control Endothelial Sprouting in a 3-D Microfluidic Vessel Bifurcation Model (2019)

Abstract Sprouting angiogenesis, the infiltration and extension of endothelial cells from pre-existing blood vessels, helps orchestrate vascular growth and remodeling. It is now agreed that fluid forces, such as laminar shear stress due to unidirectional flow in straight vessel segments, are important regulators of angiogenesis. However, regulation of angiogenesis by the different flow dynamics that arise due to vessel branching, such as impinging flow stagnation at the base of a bifurcating vessel, are not well understood. Here we used a recently developed 3-D microfluidic model to investigate the role of the flow conditions that occur due to vessel bifurcations on endothelial sprouting. We observed that bifurcating fluid flow located at the vessel bifurcation point suppresses the formation of angiogenic sprouts. Similarly, laminar shear stress at a magnitude of ∼3 dyn/cm 2 applied in the branched vessels downstream of the bifurcation point, inhibited the formation of angiogenic sprouts. In contrast, co-application of ∼1 µm/s average transvascular flow across the endothelial monolayer with bifurcating fluid flow and laminar shear stress induced the formation of angiogenic sprouts. These results suggest that transvascular flow imparts a competing effect against bifurcating fluid flow and laminar shear stress in regulating endothelial sprouting. To our knowledge, these findings are the first report on the stabilizing role of bifurcating fluid flow on endothelial sprouting. These results also demonstrate the importance of local flow dynamics due to branched vessel geometry in determining the location of sprouting angiogenesis.
Organizing a bis(iminoylnitroxide) diradical into antiferromagnetically coupled chains by co-crystallization with dichloromethane (2014)

1,3-Bis(4′,4′,5′,5′-tetramethyl-4′,5′-dihydro-1′H-imidazol-2′-yl-1′-oxyl)-5-iodobenzene (IPhIN2) forms a co-crystal with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and some water, with columnar π-stacking of radical N–O moieties organized into antiferromagnetically exchange-coupled 1-D chains.