gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Activity on Murine and Human Macrophages (2009)

Activation of cells of the innate immunity such as macrophages and dendritic cells is critical to mount an adaptive immune response. Recent advances on the understanding of innate immune receptors such as the Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR) and the demonstration that microbial products activate specific receptors. This discovery represented a major advance and provided tools to test novel adjuvants in vitro to investigate activation on innate immune cells. Here the isolation and culture of murine macrophages is described, and the use of macrophages derived from gene-deficient mice is proposed to define receptor usage. Novel adjuvants may be tested for their capacity to induce cytokines, chemokines and the expression of costimulatory molecules. The basic methods to assess macrophage activation are given, which may predict an in vivo activity of a novel adjuvant.
Learning a Reachable Space Map in a Gaze Centered Reference Frame (2011)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Perspectives of patients with colorectal cancer (PCRC): A pilot project to determine interests in and understanding of patient education on clinical research (2005)

3635 Background: Our previous needs assessments in patients with breast and prostate cancer documented considerable interest in obtaining more information on clinical trial results and participation. This pilot project launched a parallel effort in PCRC. Methods: PCRC attended a daylong meeting in Nov 2004 in which a physician moderator queried a research leader panel in an informal interactive format. Attendees were anonymously polled for feedback. Results: 42 PCRC and 30 guests attended. PCRC demographics: Median time from diagnosis: 3–5 yrs, 35% with metastatic disease: 66% treated at a cancer center. Prior therapies: surgery, 93%; chemotherapy, 83%; radiation therapy, 53%. Attendees highly rated the discussion on different topics for their interest and comprehension (Table). The information also had relevance for clinical decision-making. After the discussion, 41% reported a change in their perspective on laparoscopic surgery; 93% now preferred open surgery. After the panel discussed the rationale and risks of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), attendees were asked what AC they would prefer for a stage III tumor. 57% chose FOLFOX: 23% a 5-FU regimen. In considering the risk-benefit ratio of FOLFOX, 54% would be treated for a 1–5% absolute benefit in 5-yr survival but 24% required more than a 20% benefit. While 70% of PCRC were not offered clinical trial participation, 52% would participate in a randomized adjuvant trial of FOLFOX ± bevacizumab. Conclusions: This format was generally well-received, well-understood, and relevant to clinical decision-making. The next step in this initiative is to investigate more efficient mechanisms to deliver research leader perspectives. We plan to recruit 150 PCRC for a telephone survey, which will include audio excerpts from the meeting, querying patients about the potential value of this and related content, and delivery methods, including downloadable audio. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Chiron, Genentech, ImClone Systems, Response Genetics, Sanofi-Synthelabo Genentech, Lilly Oncology, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Synthelabo ImClone Systems, NCI, NIH
A 7-bit 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; order 9.6 GS/s FIR filter for high data rate 60-GHz wireless communications (2011)

This paper presents the design and measurements of a 4× oversampled 18th order digital low-pass FIR filter aimed at replacing all analog baseband filters in a 60 GHz high data-rate wireless communication transmitter. Pipeline CPL adders and TSPC flip-flops are used to enable a very high output sample rate. The filter area is 0.1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a standard 65nm CMOS process. The interpolator has been designed to work at 10 GS/s. Measurements can be performed up-to 9.6 GHz on a 1.4V supply voltage and the filter consumes 400 mW.
Isoflurane vs. propofol for sedation in invasively ventilated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: an a priori hypothesis substudy of a randomized controlled trial (2022)

In patients with AHRF, inhaled sedation with isoflurane for a duration of up to 48 h did not lead to improved oxygenation in comparison to intravenous sedation with propofol. Trial registration The main study was registered in the European Medicines Agency's EU Clinical Trial register (EudraCT), 2016-004551-67, before including the first patient. The present substudy was registered at German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS, ID: DRKS00018959) on January 7th, 2020, before opening the main study data base and obtaining access to study results.
Abdominal Surgery With Bilateral Rectus Sheath Block: A Case Report (2019)

A 44-year-old man, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class IV, presented for fulguration of anal condyloma and diverting colostomy. The patient's medical history includes World Health Organization (WHO) class I pulmonary hypertension (PH), right heart failure, and bilateral lower extremity paralysis due to Pott's disease. The patient was not a candidate for neuraxial anesthesia due to sacral decubitus ulcers, and alternative options to general anesthesia (GA) were considered to avoid the high risk of right ventricular (RV) failure and ensuing complications. The case was successfully performed under sedation with dexmedetomidine infusion and bilateral rectus sheath blocks for surgical anesthesia.
Directional imaging of the retinal cone mosaic (2004)

We describe a near-IR scanning laser ophthalmoscope that allows the retinal cone mosaic to be imaged in the human eye in vivo without the use of wave-front correction techniques. The method takes advantage of the highly directional quality of cone photoreceptors that permits efficient coupling of light to individual cones and subsequent detection of most directional components of the backscattered light produced by the light-guiding effect of the cones. We discuss details of the system and describe cone-mosaic images obtained under different conditions.
Comprehensive Genome-Wide Analysis of the Aux/IAA Gene Family in Eucalyptus: Evidence for the Role of EgrIAA4 in Wood Formation (2015)

Auxin plays a pivotal role in various plant growth and development processes, including vascular differentiation. The modulation of auxin responsiveness through the auxin perception and signaling machinery is believed to be a major regulatory mechanism controlling cambium activity and wood formation. To gain more insights into the roles of key Aux/IAA gene regulators of the auxin response in these processes, we identified and characterized members of the Aux/IAA family in the genome of Eucalyptus grandis, a tree of worldwide economic importance. We found that the gene family in Eucalyptus is slightly smaller than that in Populus and Arabidopsis, but all phylogenetic groups are represented. High-throughput expression profiling of different organs and tissues highlighted several Aux/IAA genes expressed in vascular cambium and/or developing xylem, some showing differential expression in response to developmental (juvenile vs. mature) and/or to environmental (tension stress) cues. Based on the expression profiles, we selected a promising candidate gene, EgrIAA4, for functional characterization. We showed that EgrIAA4 protein is localized in the nucleus and functions as an auxin-responsive repressor. Overexpressing a stabilized version of EgrIAA4 in Arabidopsis dramatically impeded plant growth and fertility and induced auxin-insensitive phenotypes such as inhibition of primary root elongation, lateral root emergence and agravitropism. Interestingly, the lignified secondary walls of the interfascicular fibers appeared very late, whereas those of the xylary fibers were virtually undetectable, suggesting that EgrIAA4 may play crucial roles in fiber development and secondary cell wall deposition.
Regression der Koronarsklerose bei familiärer Hypercholesterinämie IIa durch spezifische LDL-Apherese (2008)

The long-term effect of specific LDL plasma immunabsorption on the course of coronary arteriosclerosis was tested in ten patients with familial hypercholesteremia type IIa (seven females, three males; age range 15-57 years). Available were ECG, bicycle ergometry, hemodynamic and angiographic data. These tests were repeated seriatim in the course of the LDL immunabsorption. It was found that exercise tolerance markedly increased, ischemic ST-changes became less marked and the initial hemodynamic parameters remained unchanged. The morphology of the coronary arteries was influenced lastingly: among 22 stenoses only one progressed, there was no further progression in 11 stenoses and regression in ten. When there was generalized arteriosclerosis, progression occurred in two of 79 coronary artery segments, progression was arrested in 56 and regression was noted in 21 of 79 segments. These results demonstrate that specific LDL plasma immunabsorption for the elimination of LDL cholesterol favorably influences the course of coronary arteriosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholeremia type IIa. The findings support the lipid theory of atherosclerosis and coronary arteriosclerosis, at least in this special group of patients.
Incorporation of PEG Diacrylates (PEGDA) Generates Hybrid Fmoc-FF Hydrogel Matrices (2022)

Generated by a hierarchical and multiscale self-assembling phenomenon, peptide-based hydrogels (HGs) are soft materials useful for a variety of applications. Short and ultra-short peptides are intriguing building blocks for hydrogel fabrication. These matrices can also be obtained by mixing low-molecular-weight peptides with other chemical entities (e.g., polymers, other peptides). The combination of two or more constituents opens the door to the development of hybrid systems with tunable mechanical properties and unexpected biofunctionalities or morphologies. For this scope, the formulation, the multiscale analysis, and the supramolecular characterization of novel hybrid peptide-polymer hydrogels are herein described. The proposed matrices contain the Fmoc-FF (N<sup>α</sup>-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl diphenylalanine) hydrogelator at a concentration of 0.5 wt% (5.0 mg/mL) and a diacrylate α-/ω-substituted polyethylene-glycol derivative (PEGDA). Two PEGDA derivatives, PEGDA 1 and PEGDA2 (mean molecular weights of 575 and 250 Da, respectively), are mixed with Fmoc-FF at different ratios (Fmoc-FF/PEGDA at 1/1, 1/2, 1/5, 1/10 mol/mol). All the multicomponent hybrid peptide-polymer hydrogels are scrutinized with a large panel of analytical techniques (including proton relaxometry, FTIR, WAXS, rheometry, and scanning electronic microscopy). The matrices were found to be able to generate mechanical responses in the 2-8 kPa range, producing a panel of tunable materials with the same chemical composition. The release of a model drug (Naphthol Yellow S) is reported too. The tunable features, the different topologies, and the versatility of the proposed materials open the door to the development of tools for different applicative areas, including diagnostics, liquid biopsies and responsive materials. The incorporation of a diacrylate function also suggests the possible development of interpenetrating networks upon cross-linking reactions. All the collected data allow a mutual comparison between the different matrices, thus confirming the significance of the hybrid peptide/polymer-based methodology as a strategy for the design of innovative materials.
Data-based structural health monitoring using small training data sets (2015)

One of the most efficient ways to solve the damage detection problem using the statistical pattern recognition approach is that of exploiting the methods of outlier analysis. Cast within the pattern recognition framework, damage detection assesses whether the patterns of the damage-sensitive features extracted from the response of the system under unknown conditions depart from those drawn by the features extracted from the response of the system in a healthy state. The metric dominantly used to measure the testing feature's departure from the trained model is the Mahalanobis Squared Distance (MSD). Evaluation of the MSD requires the use of the inverse of the training population's covariance matrix. It is known that when the feature dimensions are comparable with the number of observations, the covariance matrix is ill-conditioned and numerically problematic to invert. When the number of observations is smaller than the feature dimensions, the covariance matrix is not even invertible. In this paper, four alternatives to the canonical damage detection procedure are investigated to address this issue: data compression through discrete cosine transform, use of pseudo-inverse of the covariance matrix, use of shrinkage estimate of the covariance matrix, and a combination of the three aforementioned techniques. The performance of the four methods is first studied on simulated data and then compared using the experimental data recorded on a four-story steel frame excited at the base by means of a shaking table available at the Carleton Laboratory at Columbia University. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Toward Diazonamide A. A Novel Approach for Polyoxazole Synthesis. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-Resolution Local Polynomial Fourier Transform in Acoustic  Signal Analysis (2017)

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Female Sex Is Not Protective after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2017)

Hu, Parker J. MD; Bosarge, Patrick L. Jr. MD, FACS; Kerby, Jeffrey D. MD, PhD, FACS; Uhlich, Rindi MD Author Information
Scaling limit for InGaAs/GaAsSb heterojunction double-gate tunnel FETs from the viewpoint of direct band-to-band tunneling from source to drain induced off-characteristics deterioration (2016)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a method to classify the tunneling currents using simulations. The main objective is to investigate the effects of the direct source-to-drain tunneling, which is undesirable, in the case of devices with extremely short channels. We performed the classification of tunneling currents in InGaAs/GaAsSb heterojunction double-gate tunnel FETs based on this method, and we found that the direct-tunneling component increased dramatically in short-channel cases. The channel length must be 20 nm or longer, in case of InGaAs/GaAsSb heterojunction double-gate tunnel FETs, to limit the off-current within 10 pA/µm, which is required as per the ITRS LP.
The design of a high speed receiver system for an ultrasound array research platform (2012)

Integrated analog front ends (AFEs) are often the preferred choice when designing ultrasound systems. They are convenient, easy to use packages, however do not yet provide the performance needed for high-frequency, wide-bandwidth ultrasound applications e.g. Pre-clinical imaging. These applications require higher sampling frequencies and increased levels of gain than are currently available in commercial AFEs. For high frequency systems it is therefore necessary to design a custom high-frequency AFE. This work reports on a scalable AFE design suited to wide-bandwidth applications. The AFE design is composed of a transmit/receive switch (TX810), a 43.5 dB low noise amplifier (AD8334), channel multiplexer (AD8184), a variable gain amplifier suitable for time gain compensation (THS7530), and a passive filter(9th order Chebyshev). The performance of the AFE design is verified in SPICE and measured using a network analyzer. Results show a 65 MHz -3 dB input bandwidth with an overall gain of 75 dB, smooth phase response and a minimal detectable voltage of 65 μV. The scalable design is suitable for replication across many channels of an imaging system, and has been designed to interface with the existing UARP system (University of Leeds, UK).
Target tracking with packet delays and losses - QoI amid latencies and missing data (2010)

In this paper, we investigate how packet delays and losses affect the quality of target tracking. Specifically, we use Bayesian information of the posterior distribution of target locations to quantify the quality of target tracking and investigate how network quality and measurement quality affect the value of Bayesian information. We show that improving measurement quality provides diminishing gain on tracking quality, while the gain from improving network quality does not diminish. We obtain the condition under which a user obtains information gain on the target location from a tracking process. We further use Bayesian information as the metric for the gateway to select the sensor for taking measurements and determine the measurement time to control the tracking quality.
Asymmetric Aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman‐Type Reactions: The Highly Enantioselective Reaction between Unmodified α,β‐ Unsaturated Aldehydes and <i>N</i>‐Acylimines by Organo‐co‐catalysis (2011)

Abstract The highly enantioselective organo‐co‐catalytic aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH)‐type reaction between N ‐carbamate‐protected imines and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes has been developed. The organic co‐catalytic system of proline and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) enables the asymmetric synthesis of the corresponding N ‐Boc‐ and N ‐Cbz‐protected β‐amino‐α‐alkylidene‐aldehydes in good to high yields and up to 99% ee . In the case of aza‐MBH‐type addition of enals to phenylprop‐2‐ene‐1‐imines, the co‐catalytic reaction exhibits excellent 1,2‐selectivity. The organo‐co‐catalytic aza‐MBH‐type reaction can also be performed by the direct highly enantioselective addition of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to bench‐stable N ‐carbamate‐protected α‐amidosulfones to give the corresponding β‐amino‐α‐alkylidene‐aldehydes with up to 99% ee . The organo‐co‐catalytic aza‐MBH‐type reaction is also an expeditious entry to nearly enantiomerically pure β‐amino‐α‐alkylidene‐amino acids and β‐amino‐α‐alkylidene‐lactams (99% ee ). The mechanism and stereochemistry of the chiral amine and DABCO co‐catalyzed aza‐MBH‐type reaction are also discussed.
The safety and pharmacokinetics of rapid iloprost aerosol delivery via the BREELIB nebulizer in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2017)

The BREELIB nebulizer was developed for iloprost to reduce inhalation times for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This multicenter, randomized, unblinded, four-part study compared inhalation time, pharmacokinetics, and acute tolerability of iloprost 5 µg at mouthpiece delivered via BREELIB versus the standard I-Neb nebulizer in 27 patients with PAH. The primary safety outcome was the proportion of patients with a maximum increase in heart rate (HR) ≥ 25% and/or a maximum decrease in systolic blood pressure ≥ 20% within 30 min after inhalation. Other safety outcomes included systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, HR, oxygen saturation, and adverse events (AEs). Median inhalation times were considerably shorter with BREELIB versus I-Neb (2.6 versus 10.9 min; n = 24). Maximum iloprost plasma concentration and systemic exposure (area under the plasma concentration-time curve) were 77% and 42% higher, respectively, with BREELIB versus I-Neb. Five patients experienced a maximum systolic blood pressure decrease ≥ 20%, four with BREELIB (one mildly and transiently symptomatic), and one with I-Neb; none required medical intervention. AEs reported during the study were consistent with the known safety profile of iloprost. The BREELIB nebulizer offers reduced inhalation time, good tolerability, and may improve iloprost aerosol therapy convenience and thus compliance for patients with PAH.
Novel agents and strategies to treat herpes simplex virus infections (2003)

The quiet pandemic of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection has plagued humanity since ancient times, causing mucocutaneous infection, such as herpes labialis and herpes genitalis. Disease symptoms often interfere with everyday activities and occasionally HSV infections are the cause of life-threatening or sight-impairing disease, especially in neonates and the immunocompromised patient population. After primary or initial infection the virus persists for life in a latent form in neurons of the host, periodically reactivating and often resulting in significant psychosocial distress for the patient. Currently, no cure is available. In the mid-1950s the first antiviral, idoxuridine, was developed for topical treatment of herpes disease and, in 1978, vidarabine was licensed for systemic use to treat HSV encephalitis. Acyclovir (Zovirax®), a potent, specific and tolerable nucleosidic inhibitor of the herpes DNA polymerase, was a milestone in the development of antiviral drugs in the late 1970s. In the mid-1990s, when acyclovir became a generic drug, valacyclovir (Valtrex®) and famciclovir (Famvir®), prodrugs of the gold standard and penciclovir (Denavir®, Vectavir®), a close analogue, were launched. Though numerous approaches and strategies were tested and considerable effort was expended in the search of the next generation of an antiherpetic therapy, it proved difficult to outperform acyclovir. Notable in this regard was the award of a Nobel Prize in 1988 for the elucidation of mechanistic principles which resulted in the development of new drugs such as acyclovir. Vaccines, interleukins, interferons, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, immunomodulators and small-molecule drugs with specific or nonspecific modes of action lacked either efficacy or the required safety profile to replace the nucleosidic drugs acyclovir, valacyclovir, penciclovir and famciclovir as the first choice of treatment. Recently though, new inhibitors of the HSV helicase-primase with potent in vitro antiherpes activity, novel mechanisms of action, low resistance rates and superior efficacy against HSV in animal models have been discovered. This review summarises the current therapeutic options, discusses the potential of preclinical or investigational drugs and provides an up-to-date interpretation of the challenge to establish novel treatments for herpes simplex disease.
Seismic velocity decrement ratios for regions of partial melt near the core-mantle boundary (1999)

For regions of partial melt in the lower mantle, both compressional and shear wave velocities decrease monotonically with increasing melt volume fraction. It has been observed that regions close to the core-mantle boundary thought to contain partial melt have a velocity decrement ratio (relative change in shear velocity over relative change of compressional velocity) of about 3. This is certainly a high value for this ratio and arguments based on effective medium theories have been given to show that such values are predicted for partial melt systems. The present work confirms the value of 3 near the core-mantle boundary. It is shown, furthermore, that the velocity decrement ratio can be estimated without detailed knowledge of, or assumptions about, the microstructure of the partial melt system by using Gassmann’s equation of poroelasicity together with some reasonable assumptions about the change (or lack of change) of the density and bulk modulus for lower mantle pressure and temperature conditions.