gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen-Soluble Gate Electrodes for Prolonged High-$ \kappa$ Gate-Stack Reliability (2011)

We propose the use of high-oxygen-solubility metalgate electrodes as a material of choice for high- gate stacks in order to prolong the time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown (BD) reliability. Our findings on n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor devices with these gate electrodes reveal that the application of low negative bias stress after a soft-BD (SBD) event helps to restore the oxygen ions and passivate the oxygen vacancy traps that comprise the percolation path. This can be a simple yet effective designfor-reliability tool to initiate the self-repair of the percolation path and operate the circuit for a prolonged period after repair. The only requirement for achieving this SBD reversibility is to choose gate electrodes that can serve as good oxygen reservoirs.
Outgassed species from 157-nm-irradiated triphenylsulfonium salts (2004)

Resist outgassing during exposure is a problem in 157 nm lithography because outgassed species from irradiated resists deposit on optical elements and degrade their transmission. In this paper, outgassed species from typical triphenylsulfonium salt with different counter ions were investigated using in situ quadrupole mass spectrometry.
Proteogenomic Biomarkers for Identification of <i>Francisella</i> Species and Subspecies by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia. Because some Francisella strains are very virulent, this species is considered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be a potential category A bioweapon. A mass spectrometry method to quickly and robustly distinguish between virulent and nonvirulent Francisella strains is desirable. A combination of shotgun proteomics and whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry on the Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica LVS defined three protein biomarkers that allow such discrimination: the histone-like protein HU form B, the 10 kDa chaperonin Cpn10, and the 50S ribosomal protein L24. We established that their combined detection by whole-cell MALDI-TOF spectrum could enable (i) the identification of Francisella species, and (ii) the prediction of their virulence level, i.e., gain of a taxonomical level with the identification of Francisella tularensis subspecies. The detection of these biomarkers by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is straightforward because of their abundance and the absence of other abundant protein species closely related in terms of m/z. The predicted molecular weights for the three biomarkers and their presence as intense peaks were confirmed with MALDI-TOF/MS spectra acquired on Francisella philomiragia ATCC 25015 and on Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis CCUG 2112, the most virulent Francisella subspecies.
Optimization of a foundry compatible 0.18 μm CMOS RF and mixed single process (2005)

Demand for mixed signal and RF devices on 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS silicon is driving the Foundry industry to rapidly incorporate these additional modules. This paper reports on the electrical characteristics and optimization of four mixed signal devices. Using a modular approach, Deep N-well isolated RF transistors, Native transistors, Inductors, and MIM capacitors were successfully integrated into our major Foundry Compatible 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS Logic process, without adversely affecting the digital devices. Twenty-nine different inductor structures were built and evaluated. The presence of Deep N-well implant under the inductors greatly reduced Qpeak. Self Resonance Frequency was dominated by factors controlling capacitive coupling to the substrate (line width, number of coil turns).
Conversion of phase noise to intensity noise in electromagnetically induced transparency (2010)

We report experimental study of laser phase noise to intensity noise conversion in electromagnetically induced transparency. In particular, we studied how various experimental parameters such as one and two-photon detunings and optical depth affect the intensity noise spectrum. Connection between the intensity noise level and the intensity cross correlation between the two EIT fields was also investigated.
In-Depth Analysis of the Effect of Fragmentation on the Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly Growth Kinetics of 1D Micelles Studied by Seed Trapping (2021)

Studying the growth of 1D structures formed by the self-assembly of crystalline-coil block copolymers in solution at elevated temperatures is a challenging task. Like most 1D fibril structures, they fragment and dissolve when the solution is heated, creating a mixture of surviving crystallites and free polymer chains. However, unlike protein fibrils, no new nuclei are formed upon cooling and only the surviving crystallites regrow. Here, we report how trapping these crystallites at elevated temperatures allowed us to study their growth kinetics at different annealing times and for different amounts of unimer added. We developed a model describing the growth kinetics of these crystallites that accounts for fragmentation accompanying the 1D growth process. We show that the growth kinetics follow a stretched exponential law that may be due to polymer fractionation. In addition, by evaluating the micelle growth rate as a function of the concentration of unimer present in solution, we could conclude that the micelle growth occurred in the mononucleation regime.
Telecom Wavelength Nanophotonic Elements for Quantum Communication (2018)

An overview is given on recent progress of InP-based quantum dots and photonic elements addressing the 1.55 pm wavelength range for far distance fiber-based quantum optical communication. Specific growth and fabrication techniques as well as fundamental physical quantum properties are discussed.
Making a Perfect ‘Gin and Tonic’: Mass-Customisation Using Holons (2006)

The paper presents a model of mass-customisation in manufacturing based on designing and deploying intelligent software agents. We illustrate how this mass-customisation would work in a novel scenario — making a perfect ‘Gin and Tonic’. We also discuss some of the benefits this balanced approach can offer businesses in terms of pragmatic holonic software engineering within complex environments and a formal representation of holon operations to academia.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiochemical Control of the Ring‐Opening of Epoxides by Means of Chelating Processes. Part 13. Synthesis and Ring‐Opening Reactions of the Diastereoisomeric cis‐ and trans‐Epoxides Derived from 3‐(Benzyloxy)cyclopentene and 2‐(Benzyloxy)‐2,5‐dihydrofuran. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Morphological Approach for Vessel Segmentation in Eye Fundus Images, with Quantitative Evaluation (2011)

International audience
Antireflection High-Index Metasurfaces Combining Mie and Fabry-Pérot Resonances (2019)

Minimizing reflection losses is required for the efficient operation of a wide range of optical components. Antireflection coatings supporting Fabry-Pérot resonances are commonly used to solve this problem and can be applied on an industrial scale. Recent work has shown that reflections can also be reduced by placing an array of high-index nanostructures on a surface. In such coatings, antireflection is achieved by tailoring the scattering by optical Mie resonances. Here, we design and fabricate Si metasurfaces that combine both Fabry-Pérot and Mie resonances in a single metasurface to realize a multiresonant broadband antireflection response. We optically characterize the metasurfaces demonstrating 4.1% AM1.5-averaged reflectance across the visible spectrum (425–900 nm). Our metasurface design strategy is generally applicable to different materials and frequency ranges, making our approach relevant for a broad variety of applications.
A Generalized Voltage Balancing Algorithm for Modular Multilevel Cascaded Converters (2019)

The use of an inter-cell voltage balancing scheme to evenly distribute the total dc-link voltage among the multiple floating capacitors is crucial in modular multilevel cascaded converters (MMCs). This paper presents an intuitively simple and computationally efficient sorting-based modulation algorithm for capacitor voltage balancing applicable to any MMC. The proposed modulation stage is inherently decoupled from the upper-level control scheme and it is able to both generate the required converter output voltage and balance the capacitor voltages suitably. Furthermore, it maintains a constant harmonic performance even as the number of switching transitions is varied to achieve voltage balance under different loading conditions with minimum incurred switching losses. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated on an experimental seven-level 350-VA single-phase cascaded H-bridge working as a static compensator. In addition, a simulated 350-VA system is used to obtain complimentary results.
Rare-earth-activated fluoride and tellurite glasses: optical and spectroscopic properties (2001)

In this work we report on spectroscopic properties of Er<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped aluminum fluorophosphate glasses of molar composition 29.8AlF<SUB>3</SUB>:3.5 MgF<SUB>2</SUB>: 19.8 CaF<SUB>2</SUB>: 10.9 SrF<SUB>2</SUB>: 12.8 BaF<SUB>2</SUB>: 8.4 YF<SUB>3</SUB>:9.8 ZrF<SUB>4</SUB>:4 NaPO<SUB>3</SUB>:1 ErF<SUB>3</SUB> and 30 AlF<SUB>3</SUB>:3.5 MgF<SUB>2</SUB>:20 CaF<SUB>2</SUB>: 11 SrF<SUB>2</SUB>: 13 BaF<SUB>2</SUB>: 8.4 YF<SUB>3</SUB>: 10 ZrF<SUB>4</SUB>: 4 NaPO<SUB>3</SUB>: 0.1 ErF<SUB>3</SUB>, and Er<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped tellurite glasses of molar composition 75 TeO<SUB>2</SUB>: 12 ZnO: 10 Na<SUB>2</SUB>O: 2 PbO: 1 Er<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and 75 TeO<SUB>2</SUB>: 12 ZnO: 10 Na<SUB>2</SUB>O: 2 GeO<SUB>2</SUB>: 1 Er<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. Absorption and Stokes luminescence upon visible excitation were measured. Emission in the third telecom window was observed upon excitation at 514.5 nm and the lifetime of the <SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>13/2</SUB> level was measured. IR-to-visible up conversion emission under continuous-wave laser excitation at 976 nm was observed. The up conversion results in a strong green emission and a weaker red emission, whose intensity shows a quadratic dependence on the excitation power, indicating that two photons are involved in the process. Lifetime measurements were performed in order to study the dynamical behavior of the up conversion emission and to clarify the contributions of excited state absorption and energy transfer to the up conversion process.
Nanometer Accurate Markerless Pattern Overlay Using Thermal Scanning Probe Lithography (2014)

Thermal scanning probe lithography combines high-resolution patterning capabilities with the ability to read topography without causing resist exposure. As such, it is an ideal candidate for the implementation of markerless pattern overlay. This approach eliminates errors arising from marker degradation and inconsistencies in the positioning hardware used for reading and writing. Here, we outline our implementation and characterization of a markerless lithography process. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that alignment errors below 5 nm are possible for micron-sized features having an amplitude of just 4 nm. Further, we show that following proper calibration, a limiting overlay accuracy of 1.1 nm per axis is achievable.
Arctic sea ice mapping with satellite radars (2008)

Drastic reduction of Arctic sea ice in recent years demands ice monitoring over various spatial and temporal scales. Sea ice backscatter signatures from field measurements and from model analyses are obtained at L-band and C-band frequencies. Based on these signatures, capabilities for Arctic sea ice mapping are determined for current and future satellite active microwave sensors including synthetic aperture radars (SAR) and scatterometers. This study includes L-band and C-band radars such as the ERS (European Remote Sensing), Envisat (Environmental Satellite), RADARSAT-1 and 2, ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite), and DESDynI (Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice) SARs with resolutions from 10 to 100 m, and the SMAP (Soil Moisture Active-Passive) scatterometer with resolutions from 1 to 10 km.
Study of X(3915)→J/ψω in two-photon collisions (2012)

We study the process γγ→J/ψω using a data sample of 519.2fb -1 recorded by the BABAR detector at SLAC at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e +e - collider at center-of-mass energies near the Υ(nS) (n=2,3,4) resonances. We confirm the existence of the charmoniumlike resonance X(3915) decaying to J/ψω with a significance of 7.6 standard deviations, including systematic uncertainties, and measure its mass (3919.4±2.2±1.6)MeV/c2 and width (13±6±3)MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. A spin-parity analysis supports the assignment JP=0 + and therefore the identification of the signal as due to the χ c0(2P) resonance. In this hypothesis we determine the product between the two-photon width and the final state branching fraction to be (52±10±3)eV. © 2012 American Physical Society.
Optical bistability and pulsating behaviour in Silicon-On-Insulator ring resonator structures (2005)

We demonstrate optical bistability in a Silicon-On-Insulator two-bus ring resonator with input powers as low as 0.3mW. We evaluate the importance of the different nonlinear contributions and derive time constants for carrier and thermal relaxation effects. In some cases, we also observe pulsation due to interaction between the dominant nonlinear effects. Such a behaviour may be problematic for possible memory and switching operations. Alternatively, it could be used for (tunable) pulse generation.
High-power single-lateral-mode unstable resonator wide-stripe semiconductor lasers (1992)

High-power semiconductor lasers are required for a broad range of use. There are limitations on the peak output power that can be obtained from single-stripe lasers, Phase-locked arrays have been used to increase output powers with coupling between individual narrow-stripe emitters.
A Family of Laminin α2 Chain-Deficient Mouse Mutants: Advancing the Research on LAMA2-CMD (2020)

The research on laminin α2 chain-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) advanced rapidly in the last few decades, largely due to availability of good mouse models for the disease and a strong interest in preclinical studies from scientists all over the world. These mouse models continue to provide a solid platform for understanding the LAMA2-CMD pathology. In addition, they enable researchers to test laborious, necessary routines, but also the most creative scientific approaches in order to design therapy for this devastating disorder. In this review we present animals belonging to the laminin α2 chain-deficient "<i>dy/dy</i>" mouse family (<i>dy/dy</i>, <i>dy</i> <sup>2J</sup>/<i>dy</i> <sup>2J</sup>, <i>dy</i> <sup>3K</sup>/<i>dy</i> <sup>3K</sup>, <i>dy</i> <sup>W</sup>/<i>dy</i> <sup>W</sup>, et al.) and a summary of the scientific progress they facilitated. We also raise a few questions that need to be addressed in order to maximize the usefulness of laminin α2 murine mutants and to further advance the LAMA2-CMD studies. We believe that research opportunities offered by the mouse models for LAMA2-CMD will continuously support our efforts to find a treatment for the disease.
An Efficient Proportionate Affine Projection Algorithm for Echo Cancellation (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Proportionate-type normalized least-mean-square algorithms were developed in the context of echo cancellation. In order to further increase the convergence rate and tracking, the “proportionate” idea was applied to the affine projection algorithm (APA) in a straightforward manner. The objective of this letter is twofold. First, a general framework for the derivation of proportionate-type APAs is proposed. Second, based on this approach, a new proportionate-type APA is developed, taking into account the “history” of the proportionate factors. The benefit is also twofold. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the classical one (achieving faster tracking and lower misadjustment). Besides, it also has a lower computational complexity due to a recursive implementation of the “proportionate history.” </para>
Adaptation of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> to acquired and innate humoral immunity based on phase variation of lipopolysaccharide (1998)

Phase variation in colony morphology has been associated with the pathogenesis of infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae. This study shows that differences in colony opacity in non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) strain H233 involve phase changes in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and depend on the expression of licl and lic2, which contain translational switches based on intragenic tandem repeats of 5'-CAAT-3'. Genetic analysis showed that opaque organisms have an out-of-frame number of repeats in both licl, required for the expression of phosphorylcholine (ChoP), and lic2, a putative galactosyl transferase that adds the terminal galactose on Galalpha1-4Gal. Defined variants in these loci were used to examine the contribution of individual LPS structures to resistance to serum bactericidal activity mediated by antibody and C-reactive protein (CRP). The addition of ChoP by licl was the only factor in serum killing involving CRP and complement. The terminal galactose moiety, in contrast, conferred resistance to killing by naturally acquired antibody and complement present in human serum. As Galalpha1-4Gal is also found on human glycolipids, it appears that decoration of the cell surface with this host-like antigen blocks antibody-mediated serum bactericidal activity. Genetic analysis of NTHi within the human respiratory tract demonstrated that Galalpha1-4Gal may not be expressed during carriage but may be advantageous for the organism in inflammatory states such as pneumonia.
Inflammation to Rebuild a Brain (2012)

Inflammation in the zebrafish brain stimulates neurogenesis and tissue regeneration.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Two‐Step Four‐Component Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohexenols by Sequential Nickel‐Catalyzed Couplings. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Statistical modelling of spike libraries for simulation of extracellular recordings in the cerebellum (2010)

Brain machine interfaces with chronically implanted microelectrode arrays for signal acquisition require algorithms for successful detection and classification of neural spikes. During the design of such algorithms, signals with a priori known characteristics need to be present. A common way to establish such signals is to model the recording environment, simulate the recordings and store ground truth about spiking activity for later comparison. In this paper, we present a statistical method to expand the spike libraries that are used in a previously presented simulation tool for the purpose described above. The method has been implemented and shown to successfully provide quick access to a large assembly of synthetic extracellular spikes with realistic characteristics. Simulations of extracellular recordings using synthesized spikes have shown to possess characteristics similar to those of in-vivo recordings in the cat cerebellum.
Antenna and flip-chip circuit board design for a 24GHz short-range radar transceiver (2008)

This paper presents the design and experimental results of a highly integrated 24GHz short-range radar transceiver. The Rx and Tx ICs are mounted by a flip-chip technique on a carrier substrate using metal bumps as interconnect. The module includes on-board Tx and Rx antennas and coplanar transmission lines on a ground shield for the distribution of the RF, LO and IF signals. The module achieves a measured DSB-NF below 9dB and a conversion gain of 38dB across a 2.5GHz DSB IF bandwidth while an I/Q matching of better than 47dB is realized. The single-ended transmit power is 0dBm at 24GHz and the power consumption of the complete system is 1100mW. The complete module size is 65×30mm.
Sparse Tableau Approach for Power System Analysis and Design (2018)

Textbook treatments of the power flow and related problems are almost universally based on the bus admittance matrix Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bus</sub> , representing a choice of nodal analysis for the circuit equations. Many texts further simplify their presentation by insisting that all network components be represented in equivalents that are interconnections of two-terminal circuit elements; e.g., the pi-equivalent for transmission lines, the star-equivalent for three-winding transformers. The combined restrictions of nodal analysis and two-terminal elements disallow more general ideal circuit elements that could serve as useful modeling building blocks. This work will argue that these are unnecessary limitations that have outlived their usefulness in modern power system pedagogy. While research literature has often overcome these limitations with Modified Nodal Analysis, here we instead advocate Sparse Tableau Analysis (STA) as a general tool for power system instruction, with particular value in facilitating node-breaker models. Illustrative examples show that these concepts are easily accessible, and allow more systematic formulations to facilitate graduate research. As an application benefiting from this approach, STA is applied to Optimal Power Flow, with numerical examples to demonstrate that STA provides computational speed comparable to nodal analysis Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bus</sub> based formulations.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Promoted, Boron‐Mediated Chemoselective Carboxylic Acid Aldol Reaction. (2016)

Abstract The first carboxylic acid selective aldol reaction mediated by boron compounds is developed.
A W-band wafer probe (2002)

A W-band (75-110 GHz) wafer probe was successfully designed and built. The probe uses a ridge-trough waveguide as a transition from a rectangular waveguide input to the coplanar waveguide (CPW) used on the probe board output. Typical insertion loss and return loss figures were 3.5 dB and better than 13 dB, respectively. Losses were minimized in the CPW probe board by attention to conductor loss and taper design; in addition, the transition from rectangular waveguide to ridge-trough waveguide led to an insertion loss less than 1 dB. A crosstalk figure of better than -43 dB was achieved, which is important for accurate calibrations. These performance specifications allowed measured data to be corrected by a VNA for some W-band HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) devices. >
The Effect of Drying Stress and Polyelectrolyte Complexes on the Strength Properties of Paper (2006)

Les proprietes mecaniques du papier seche sont en forte correlation avec la contrainte de sechage finale developpee pendant un sechage limite. L'adsorption des polymeres sur les fibres a une incidence sur le developpement des proprietes de resistance du papier. La contrainte de sechage a un effet negatif sur la cohesion et un effet positif sur les proprietes de resistance dans le plan. Certains complexes de polyelectrolytes semblent posseder la capacite de modifier ces relations, c 'est-a-dire qu'ils modifient le comportement de la feuille de papier pendant le sechage. Par exemple, en certains cas, le polyacrylamide cationique (C-PAM) semble contrer l'effet negatif de la contrainte de sechage sur la cohesion des fibres.