gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Flow Control Methods Applied to Conical C-D Nozzles (2010)

This paper presents an overview of a joint Experimental/Numerical project sponsored by the Swedish Defense Materiel Administration (FMV) to apply flow control techniques to reduce the noise from high-performance military aircraft such as the Saab Gripen. At University of Cincinnati chevrons and trailing-edge fluidic injection were tested and compared with secondary flow simulating forward flight. At Chalmers University the same conditions were simulated with Large Eddy Simulation and Kirchhoff integral method. Both flow control approaches produced significant reductions in community noise. The area for a given peak perceived noise level was reduced by 20-27% by chevrons and by 23-38% by microjets.
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) in children: identification of allergologic tests predictive of food allergy. (2014)

Oral food challenge (OFC) is still considered the gold standard for diagnosis of food allergy (FA). Skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) tests are very useful but limited in their predictive accuracy. End point test (EPT) has been recently considered to determine the starting dose to induce oral desensitization. Allergometric tests combined may discriminate children at higher risk of reactions during OFC. We considered 94 children referred to our Allergy and Immunology Pediatric Department between January 2009 and December 2011 with CMA. Cutaneous allergometric skin tests (SPT and EPT) were periodically performed on all 94 children with CMA; sIgE levels against cow's milk proteins (CMP) α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin and casein were periodically evaluated through blood samples every 6-12 months. During the period of the study, 26/94 (27.6%) children underwent more than once OFC. We collected 135 OFC compared with clinical presentation: 49/135 (36.2%) OFC were performed shortly after the onset of symptoms directly related to spontaneous intake of milk, to confirm suspicion of FA; 86/135 (63.7%) OFC were performed to evaluate the acquisition of tolerance. Of these, 52/86 (60.4%) OFC resulted positive, 34/86 (39.5%) were negative. The 3D EPT has the best ratio sensitivity (SE) / positive predictive value (PPV), SE 83%, specificity (SP) 58.3%, PPV 89.3%, negative predictive value (NPV) 45.1%. EPT 6D and 7D have the best PPV (100%) with a low NPV (respectively 22.2% and 21.2%). We obtained that a mean fresh milk wheal diameter ≥ 12 mm was predictive of 97% OFC, but only 32/101 (31.6%) allergic children presented this value. The tests with a wheal diameter ≤ 5 were performed on younger children, all of which were less than 9 months old; only 5 other tests performed on less than 9 months olds resulted in the others subgroups (1 in ≥ 12 mm wheal and 4 in the group between 6-11 mm). We also found that 95% of children with 4D EPT wheal diameter < 6 mm resulted tolerant. This cut off could be useful to decide which children have a lower risk of reactions during the OFC. EPT is more useful than SPT especially for children < 1 year of age being a less operator dependent test, and it could be helpful to discriminate between children with the highest risk to develop anaphylaxis following an OFC (≥ 5D positive EPT) and children with lowest risk (> 2D positive EPT), but it can't replace OFC, that currently remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of FA. We also underline that in allergic children younger than 9 months old, the values of SPT with fresh milk is much lower than in older children, so that it's better to separate this group of age when we try to predict the evolution of OFC through the evaluation with EPT. A validation of such results in a prospective study could maybe be useful to confirm the outcome of our data in the predictivity of OFC.
PTEN expression in archival tumor samples in patients (pts) with advanced malignancies in two phase I studies of AP23573 (AP), an mTOR inhibitor (2005)

9661 Background: AP, a novel non-prodrug analog of rapamycin, inhibits mTOR signaling in tumors, leading to cell cycle arrest, tumor cell shrinkage and inhibition of angiogenesis. Mutations that affect tumor suppressor genes, such as PTEN, are proposed to enhance sensitivity to mTOR inhibition. PTEN regulates cell growth by inhibition of the PI3K pathway, which promotes protein translation and cell cycle progression. Methods: Archival tumor specimens were obtained from at least 54 pts in 2 phase I trials evaluating the MTD of AP as a 30-min. IV infusion daily x 5 days every 2 weeks or once weekly. PTEN expression was characterized by immunohistochemical staining where cytoplasmic PTEN expression levels were evaluated using an intensity score of 0–3. In-situ tumor component was identified and a PTEN expression level score of 0–3 was noted where a loss of PTEN is defined as a change in intensity ≥ to 1 unit relative to that of normal epithelium. Results: 24 pt samples have been evaluated to date. 20/22 (91%) of pt tumors expressed near-normal levels of PTEN. Of 22 pts, 2 pts (9%) had a PR, 6 pts (27%) had a MR, 5 pts (23%) had SD, 7 pts (32%) had PD, and 2 pts were not evaluable. 2/24 samples could not be evaluated. One pt with mixed mullerian uterine sarcoma treated on the daily x 5 schedule at 3 mg (the lowest dose) and who continues on trial after 20+ months with a PR had tumor with absent PTEN expression. Another pt treated on the daily x 5 schedule at 18.75 mg (the MTD) with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and who continued on trial for 10 months with SD had a modest reduction in PTEN levels. Analyses of additional specimens are ongoing. Conclusions: These data suggest that PTEN levels alone in archival tumor specimens in a heterogeneous population with advanced malignancies did not appear to correlate with response. At the same time, in the 2 pts where PTEN levels were absent or reduced both had a sustained response, which included a PR at the lowest dose. Analyses were performed on archival tumors and not on existing tumors where the implications of reduced PTEN expression may be more meaningful. In addition, these results highlight the importance of a panel of biomarkers reflecting mTOR activity, rather than PTEN alone. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Ariad Ariad Ariad Ariad Ariad
Chemical Manipulation of High-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>Ferromagnetism in ZnO Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (2005)

We report the use of targeted p- and n-type chemical perturbations to manipulate high-T(C) ferromagnetism in Mn(2+):ZnO and Co(2+):ZnO in predictable and reproducible ways. We demonstrate a clear correlation between nitrogen and high-T(C) ferromagnetism for Mn(2+):ZnO and an inverse correlation for Co(2+):ZnO, both as predicted by recent theoretical models. These chemical perturbations reveal rich possibilities for exerting external control over high-T(C) spin ordering in diluted magnetic semiconductors.
Radiative and Convective Heat Transfer over Ablating Composite Flat Surface in Hypersonic Flow Regime. (1987)

Abstract : A computer program was developed for predicting the convective and radiative heat transfer to the surface of a flat with hypersonic boundary layer flow and with injection of absorbing, emitting and scattering particles due to ablation. The program was used to study the heat transfer rate as a function of wall and freestream temperatures and Mach number of the flow. The results were also obtained to study the effect of injection of absorbing and scattering particles in the boundary layer on the heat flux as a function of wall and free-stream temperatures, Mach numbers and particle radiative properties. It is seen that, if there is a strong external incident radiation, the injection of scattering particles reduces the radiative flux by as much as 75% depending on the scattering coefficient of the particles and the particle density in the flow. A review of the published literature shows that the data of the radiative properties of particles is lacking. Also the data of the radiative properties of modern composite materials surfaces is not available. Keywords: Radiative; Convective; Heat transfer; Absorption; Scattering; Hypersonic flow; Ablation; Radiative properties.
Picosecond optical pulse generation using a directly generated Gaussian-shaped optical frequency comb (2011)

We demonstrate picosecond optical pulse generation based on a directly generated 10 GHz Gaussian-shaped optical frequency comb using only intensity and phase modulators. The quadratic comb phase allows for pulse compensation with only single-mode fibers.
Keynote: Ethics in AI – A Challenging Task (2021)

Summary form only given. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. In the first part we cover five current specific challenges through examples: (1) discrimination (e.g., facial recognition, justice, sharing economy, language models); (2) phrenology (e.g., biometric based predictions); (3) unfair digital commerce (e.g., exposure and popularity bias); (4) stupid models (e.g., Signal, minimal adversarial AI) and (5) indiscriminated use of computing resources (e.g., large language models). These examples do have a personal bias but set the context for the second part where we address four generic challenges: (1) too many principles (e.g., principles vs. techniques), (2) cultural differences (e.g., Christian vs. Muslim); (3) government regulation (e.g., privacy, antitrust) and (4) our cognitive biases. We finish discussing what we can do to address these challenges in the near future.
First-In-Human, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Dose-Escalation Study of BG00010, a Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Member, in Subjects with Unilateral Sciatica (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00961766.
RICD: A rice indicacDNA database resource for rice functional genomics (2008)

The online rice indica cDNA database provides cDNA resource with comprehensive information to researchers for functional analysis of indica subspecies and for comparative genomics. The RICD database is available through our website http://www.ncgr.ac.cn/ricd.
Mutations in the p53 gene in radiation-sensitive and -resistant human squamous carcinoma cells. (1992)

Five of six human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines characterized as radiation sensitive (SQ-38, SCC-9, SQ-9G) or radiation resistant (SQ-20B, SCC-35, JSQ-3) exhibited alterations of the p53 gene. The point mutations and a deletion were detected by using single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis and polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing. Interestingly, three of three radiation-sensitive and two of three radiation-resistant cell lines revealed mutations in the p53 gene. Point mutations were located in exons 4, 6, and 8 (at codons 72 and 298 in JSQ-3; 273 in SCC-35; 196 in SQ-38), and deletions consisted of 32 base pairs between codons 274 and 285 in SCC-9 and 1 base pair at codon 271 in SQ-9G. Three mutations resulted in substitutions for an arginine residue. Immunocytochemical analysis confirmed p53 protein overexpression in SCC-35 cells which contained a missense mutation at codon 273. In contrast to previous studies which linked alterations in ras, myc, and raf expression with radiation resistance, this study indicates that mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, p53, do not directly correlate with such resistance.
Silencing of the <i>DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1</i> ( <i>DMAP1</i> ) gene in the invasive ladybird <i>Harmonia axyridis</i> implies a role of the DNA methyltransferase 1‐DMAP1 complex in female fecundity (2019)

The invasive harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis is a textbook example of polymorphism and polyphenism as the temperature during egg development determines the frequency of melanic morphs and the number and size of black spots in nonmelanic morphs. Recent concepts in evolutionary biology suggest that epigenetic mechanisms can translate environmental stimuli into heritable phenotypic changes. To investigate whether epigenetic mechanisms influence the penetrance and expressivity of colour morphs in H. axyridis, we used RNA interference to silence key enzymes required for DNA methylation and histone modification. We found that neither of these epigenetic mechanisms affected the frequency of different morphs, but there was a significant impact on life-history traits such as longevity and fecundity. Strikingly, we found that silencing the gene encoding for DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1 (DMAP1) severely reduced female fecundity, which correlated with an abundance of degenerated ovaries in DMAP1-knockdown female beetles. Finally, we observed significant differences in DMAP1 expression when we compared native and invasive H. axyridis populations with a biocontrol strain differing in egg-laying capacity, suggesting that the DNA methyltransferase 1-DMAP1 complex may influence the invasive performance of this ladybird.
Retinal Oximetry in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (2011)

PURPOSE. To determine whether retinal vessel oxygen saturation is affected in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS. Retinal oxygen saturation in patients with POAG was measured in retinal vessels with a spectrophotometric retinal oximeter in darkness, and visual fields were obtained. Oxygen tension (Po(2)) was calculated from oxygen saturation values. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation and Student's t-test. RESULTS. Mean oxygen saturation in venules was higher in persons with poor visual fields (68% ± 4%, mean ± SD) than in those with good visual fields (62% ± 3%; P = 0.0018). The mean arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation was lower in persons with poor visual fields (30% ± 4%, n = 9) than in those with good visual fields (37% ± 4%; P = 0.0003; n = 12). No correlation was found between saturation in retinal arterioles and visual field mean defect (n = 31; r = -0.16; P = 0.38). Oxygen saturation in retinal venules correlated positively with worsening visual field mean defect (r = 0.43; P = 0.015). Arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation decreased significantly as the visual field mean defect worsened (r = -0.55; P = 0.0013). Mean Po(2) in venules was 38 ± 3 mm Hg. It was significantly higher in persons with poor visual field fields (40 ± 3 mm Hg) than in those with good visual fields (36 ± 2 mm Hg; P = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS. Deeper glaucomatous visual field defects are associated with increased oxygen saturation in venules and decreased arteriovenous difference in retinal oxygen saturation. The data suggest that oxygen metabolism is affected in the glaucomatous retina, possibly related to tissue atrophy.
Design and Development of Electric Active Stabilizer Suspension System (2010)

An electric active stabilizer suspension system has been developed as a technology for controlling vehicle roll. The system includes various sensors that detect the vehicle's running state, and active stabilizer actuators that use electric motors and reduction gears to control roll. The electric stabilizer suspension system was compared with hydraulic stabilizer systems, and an investigation demonstrated the superiority of the developed system, which offers outstanding vehicle behavior, improved responsiveness and reduced energy consumption (including energy regeneration).
Recent Developments in The Use of Hip for The Offshore Industry (2021)

Abstract The use of additive manufacturing (AM) technology is growing rapidly for offshore use, whilst established production technologies such as powder metallurgy near-net-shape (PM-NNS) continue to be used. New standards are being introduced and many of the oil and gas majors are now developing supply chains to ensure rapid supply of high-quality complex parts. Environmental concerns are helping to drive this with use of near-net-shape technologies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions through more efficient designs and metal forming methods. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been used to remove shrinkage porosity and internal defects in cast products for many years, predominantly to improve mechanical properties and fatigue resistance. Recently, there has been an increasing focus on AM processes for demanding applications where localized corrosion and similar internal defects and porosity are a concern. HIP technology is being used to either produce PM-NNS parts, or for the post processing of AM produced components to ensure defect free material prior to service in demanding environments. This paper will present a broad overview in the use of HIP equipment to produce parts and components to the offshore industry.
Low complexity turbo-like codes (2006)

Error-control coding is a key feature of most modern communications systems, allowing close to a factor of ten in increased receiver sensitivity. Here we explore two aspects of low-cost error-control code decoders. 
First we design single decoders that provide competitive performance-complexity trade-offs over a wide range of operation. We introduce a new class of codes, show design rules and design techniques for this class, and design new codes in this class able to give, from a single decoder, extremely good performance over a range of decoding effort, block sizes, and code rates. Furthermore, these designs exhibit close to no performance penalty when generating rate-compatible codewords. The flexibility and competitive performance-complexity profile of these decoder designs allows them to be good choices both for systems that support a range of operating conditions and those that operate under fixed conditions. 
Next we explore decoders with hardware errors. We show that error-control code decoders that have faults in memory may exhibit very little performance degradation and suggest design techniques that virtually eliminate the performance loss from a single error.
“<i>Syn-Effect</i>” in the Desilylation Reaction of γ-Silylated Allylic and Vinylic Sulfones (2003)

Abstract The desilylation reaction of γ-silylated allylic sulfones was found to proceed through γ-silylated (E)-vinylic sulfones to afford the corresponding allylic sulfones by treatment with DBU and H2O. The Z/E ratio of the resulting allylic sulfones varied according to the γ-substituents of the γ-silylated sulfones. This stereochemical outcome was rationalized by “syn-effect.”
Abdominal aortic-aneurysm in old-age patients - is operation an alternative therapy (1987)

Resuscitation skills were assessed in a group of 24 anaesthetists of varying experience using 3 pre-determined scenarios. Seventy-nine percent of participants were found to be competent at resuscitation following the guidelines suggested by the Resuscitation Council (UK) in 1989. No one grade of anaesthetist was found to be consistently poor at resuscitation. Anaesthetists by the nature of their jobs may maintain the skills and knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation as well as other groups in the hospital.
Correction: Can Insects Develop Resistance to Insect Pathogenic Fungi? (2014)

Microevolutionary adaptations and mechanisms of fungal pathogen resistance were explored in a melanic population of the Greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Under constant selective pressure from the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, 25 th generation larvae exhibited significantly enhanced resistance, which was specific to this pathogen and not to another insect pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. Defense and stress management strategies of selected (resistant) and non-selected (susceptible) insect lines were compared to uncover mechanisms underpinning resistance, and the possible cost of those survival strategies. We hypothesize that the insects developed a transgenerationally primed resistance to the fungus B. bassiana, a costly trait that was achieved not by compromising life-history traits but rather by prioritizing and re-allocating pathogen-species-specific augmentations to integumental front-line defenses that are most likely to be encountered by invading fungi. Specifically during B. bassiana infection, systemic immune defenses are suppressed in favour of a more limited but targeted repertoire of enhanced responses in the cuticle and epidermis of the integument (e.g. expression of the fungal enzyme inhibitor IMPI, and cuticular phenoloxidase activity). A range of putative stress-management factors (e.g. antioxidants) is also activated during the specific response of selected insects to B. bassiana but not M. anisopliae. This too occurs primarily in the integument, and probably contributes to antifungal defense and/or helps ameliorate the damage inflicted by the fungus or the host's own immune responses.
REVIEW: γ‐Secretase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: The Current State (2010)

Unfortunately, γ-secretase inhibitors may cause intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia, thymus atrophy, decrease in lymphocytes, and alterations in hair color, effects associated with the inhibition of the cleavage of Notch, a protein involved in cell development and differentiation. Nevertheless, at least other two promising γ-secretase inhibitors are being tested clinically. This class of drugs represents a major hope to slow the rate of decline of AD.
Unipolar and bipolar electrogram characteristics of recurrent cases of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias undergoing repeat catheter ablation (2021)

Thirty-seven patients were included. The Local activation time was significantly earlier in the 2nd ablation as compared to the 1st procedure (36.90 msec vs 31.85 msec, P < 0.01). The incidence of discrete potentials and polarity reversal were similar in both procedures (51% vs 57%, P = 0.8 and 62% in both the occasions, respectively). The unipolar voltage was similar in both occasions (6.94 mV vs 7.22 mV in repeat ablations, P = 0.7). The recurrence rate (5.7%) was significantly lower with routine use of combined unipolar and bipolar EGMs, as compared to the use of bipolar EGM alone (16.7%) CONCLUSIONS: Use of both bipolar and unipolar electrograms helps in better delineation of the sites of earliest activation for effective ablation of VAs. Use of unipolar electrograms in addition to bipolar electrograms is associated with lower long term recurrence rate.
Ribonomic and Short Hairpin RNA Gene Silencing Methods to Explore Functional Gene Programs Associated With Tumor Growth Arrest (2007)

In this chapter, we present an approach using genomic and ribonomic profiling to investigate functional gene programs in a tumor growth model. To reach this goal, ribonomic profiling was combined with RNA interference in a tumor dormancy model. Strategies merging functional genomic technologies are outlined for the identification of novel posttranscriptionally regulated targets of p38 to show that they are functionally linked to the induction or interruption of cellular growth in cancer. In the first section of this chapter, we describe a method for the detection of mRNA subsets associated with RNA-binding proteins such as hnRNP A1 using (1) immunopurification of mRNA-protein complexes, from either whole cell lysates or subcellular fractions and (2) gene expression arrays to find those mRNAs bound to hnRNP A1. In the second section, short hairpin RNA technology was used to create a library of shRNAs that target p38 induced mRNAs expression libraries are utilized to "knockdown" the genes identified in the first section. Finally, this library of gene candidates is evaluated in vivo to address their functional role in the induction or maintenance of dormancy.