gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Balancing Relevance and Diversity in Online Bipartite Matching via Submodularity (2018)

In bipartite matching problems, vertices on one side of a bipartite graph are paired with those on the other. In its online variant, one side of the graph is available offline, while the vertices on the other side arrive online. When a vertex arrives, an irrevocable and immediate decision should be made by the algorithm; either match it to an available vertex or drop it. Examples of such problems include matching workers to firms, advertisers to keywords, organs to patients, and so on. Much of the literature focuses on maximizing the total relevance---modeled via total weight---of the matching. However, in many real-world problems, it is also important to consider contributions of diversity: hiring a diverse pool of candidates, displaying a relevant but diverse set of ads, and so on. In this paper, we propose the Online Submodular Bipartite Matching (\osbm) problem, where the goal is to maximize a submodular function $f$ over the set of matched edges. This objective is general enough to capture the notion of both diversity (\emph{e.g.,} a weighted coverage function) and relevance (\emph{e.g.,} the traditional linear function)---as well as many other natural objective functions occurring in practice (\emph{e.g.,} limited total budget in advertising settings). We propose novel algorithms that have provable guarantees and are essentially optimal when restricted to various special cases. We also run experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets to validate our algorithms.
Guided ecological momentary assessment in real and virtual sound environments (2021)

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) outcome measures can relate people's subjective auditory experience to their objective acoustical reality. While highly realistic, EMA data often contain considerable variability, such that it can be difficult to interpret the results with respect to differences in people's hearing ability. To address this challenge, a method for "guided" EMA is proposed and evaluated. Accompanied and instructed by a guide, normal-hearing participants carried out specific passive and active listening tasks inside a real-world public lunch scenario and answered EMA questionnaires related to aspects of spatial hearing, listening ability, quality, and effort. In situ speech and background noise levels were tracked, allowing the guided EMA task to be repeated inside two acoustically matched, loudspeaker-based laboratory environments: a 64-channel virtual sound environment (VSE) and a three-channel audiology clinic setup. Results showed that guided EMA provided consistent passive listening assessments across participants and conditions. During active listening, the clinic setup was found to be less challenging than the real-world and the VSE conditions. The proposed guided EMA approach may provide more focused real-world assessments and can be applied in realistic laboratory settings to aid the development of ecologically valid hearing testing.
Influence of Radiation‐Induced Grafting Process on Mechanical Properties of ETFE‐Based Membranes for Fuel Cells (2010)

Abstract The mechanical stability is, in addition to thermal and chemical stability, a primary requirement of polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells. In this study, the impact of grafting parameters and preparation steps on stress–strain properties of ETFE‐based proton conducting membranes, prepared by radiation‐induced grafting and subsequent sulphonation, was studied. No significant change in the mechanical properties of the ETFE base film was observed below an irradiation dose of 50 kGy. It was shown that the elongation at break decreases with increasing both the crosslinker concentration and graft level (GL). However, the tensile strength was positively affected by the crosslinker concentration. Yield strength and modulus of elasticity are almost unaffected by the introduction of crosslinker. Interestingly, yield strength and modulus of elasticity increase gradually with GL without noticeable change of the inherent crystallinity of grafted films. The most brittle membranes are obtained via the combination of high GL and crosslinker concentration. The optimised ETFE‐based membrane (GL of ∼25%, 5% DVB v/v), shows mechanical properties superior to those of Nafion® 112 membrane. The obtained results were correlated qualitatively to the other ex situ properties, including crystallinity, thermal properties and water uptake of the grafted membranes.
Photomechanical Laser Fragmentation of IrO<sub>2</sub> Microparticles for the Synthesis of Active and Redox‐Sensitive Colloidal Nanoclusters (2023)

Pulsed laser fragmentation of microparticles (MPs) in liquid is a synthesis method for producing high-purity nanoparticles (NPs) from virtually any material. Compared with laser ablation in liquids (LAL), the use of MPs enables a fully continuous, single-step synthesis of colloidal NPs. Although having been employed in several studies, neither the fragmentation mechanism nor the efficiency or scalability have been described. Starting from time-resolved investigations of the single-pulse fragmentation of single IrO<sub>2</sub> MPs in water, the contribution of stress-mediated processes to the fragmentation mechanism is highlighted. Single-pulse, multiparticle fragmentation is then performed in a continuously operated liquid jet. Here, 2 nm-sized nanoclusters (NCs) accompanied by larger fragments with sizes ranging between several ten nm and several µm are generated. For the nanosized product, an unprecedented efficiency of up to 18 µg J<sup>-1</sup> is reached, which exceeds comparable values reported for high-power LAL by one order of magnitude. The generated NCs exhibit high catalytic activity and stability in oxygen evolution reactions while simultaneously expressing a redox-sensitive fluorescence, thus rendering them promising candidates in electrocatalytic sensing. The provided insights will pave the way for laser fragmentation of MPs to become a versatile, scalable yet simple technique for nanomaterial design and development.
A Unified Approach to Structured Covariances: Fast Generalized Sliding Window RLS Recursions for Arbitrary Basis (2013)

This paper extends the existing fast RLS recursions originally intended to exponentially windowed problems for general models, to a generalized sliding window formulation (GSWRLS). From a matrix algebra perspective, we show explicitly how the displacement rank of the underlying inverse covariance matrix associated to any operator is defined as a function of the number of window breakpoints and how the fast GSWRLS calculates these rank factors in a fast manner. The recursions hold regardless of the (first order) data structure induced and show that fast fixed order and order recursive RLS algorithms can still be obtained for unwindowed data matrices exhibiting a fixed arbitrary relation between successive regressors. Our approach highlights the existence of a certain degree of freedom inherent to structured data matrices induced by general models, showing that efficient representations of their inverse covariances are not limited to factor circulants, but rather constructed from any arbitrary operator. These Bezoutians, usually expressed via reproducing kernel relations, can be represented exactly in matrix form, along with a precise correspondence to variables of a GSWRLS. As a fallout, we obtain a vector relation stating the so-called minimality property, for extended models and windows, as opposed to analogous generating function arguments normally seen in original approaches. These results pave the way to a more general framework of polynomial Vandermonde covariance decompositions which arise naturally via a proper choice of recurrence related polynomials. This has further impact on several signal processing applications, including superfast realization of equalizers in communications scenarios.
Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of RNA binding by tethered oligonucleotide probes: alternative structures and conformational changes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic and thermodynamic analysis of RNA binding by tethered oligonucleotide probes: alternative structures and conformational changesSharon T. Cload, Paul L. Richardson, Yaz Hong Huang, and Alanna SchepartzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 12, 5005–5014Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00065a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00065a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Tris(pyrazolyl)borates Bearing Perfluoroalkyl Pigtails. Syntheses and Characterization of the Sodium and Copper(I) Complexes of [HB(3-(R)Pz)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup>(R = C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>5</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>7</sub>; Pz = Pyrazolyl) (1996)

3-(Pentafluoroethyl)pyrazole and 3-(heptafluoropropyl)pyrazole were synthesized and fully characterized. These pyrazoles react with NaBH4 to yield sodium salts of [HB(3-(C2F5)Pz)3]- and [HB(3-(C3F7)Pz)3]-. The X-ray crystal structure of [HB(3-(C2F5)Pz)3]Na(3-(C2F5)PzH) shows close contacts between the sodium atom and fluorine atoms of the −C2F5 substituents. The copper−carbon monoxide adducts [HB(3-(C2F5)Pz)3]CuCO and [HB(3-(C3F7)Pz)3]CuCO were prepared by the treatment of CuOTf with 1 equiv of the corresponding tris(pyrazolyl)boratosodium under CO. The copper and sodium complexes were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR and IR spectroscopies. IR spectroscopic data of [HB(3-(CF3)Pz)3]CuCO, [HB(3-(C2F5)Pz)3]CuCO, and [HB(3-(C3F7)Pz)3]CuCO did not exhibit a significant difference in the υCO values, but they are notably lower than the corresponding υCO values of the 3,5-disubstituted analog [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]CuCO.
A wireless magnetoresistive sensing system for an intra-oral tongue-computer interface (2012)

The Tongue Drive System (TDS) is a new minimally invasive, unobtrusive, wireless, and wearable tongue-operated assistive technology (AT) that enables individuals with severe physical disabilities to control environments with their free tongue motion. An array of magnetic sensors wirelessly tracks the position of a magnetic tracer attached to the tongue via adhesives or piercing, and a sensor signal-processing (SSP) algorithm converts a set of tongue gestures to user-defined commands in real time [1]. In the external TDS (eTDS), which is undergoing clinical trials, electronics are embedded in a customized headset, which supports the sensors on a pair of bilateral extensions near the cheeks [2]. Considering the importance of such ATs in users' daily lives, the mechanical stability of the eTDS on the head is a concern. In this paper we report an intraoral TDS (iTDS) that reliably fits inside a user's mouth in the form of a dental retainer to be well protected within the oral cavity.
Automated digital technologies for supporting sepsis prediction in children: a scoping review protocol (2022)

Ethics approval for this scoping review study of the available literature is not required. We anticipate that the scoping review will identify the current evidence and design characteristics of digital prediction technologies for the timely and accurate prediction of paediatric sepsis and factors influencing clinical integration. We plan to disseminate the preliminary findings from this review at national and international research conferences in global and digital health, gathering critical feedback from multidisciplinary stakeholders. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://osf.io/veqha/?view_only=f560d4892d7c459ea4cff6dcdfacb086.
Comparative analysis of 84 chloroplast genomes of Tylosema esculentum reveals two distinct cytotypes (2023)

<i>Tylosema esculentum</i> (marama bean) is an important orphan legume from southern Africa that has long been considered to have the potential to be domesticated as a crop. The chloroplast genomes of 84 marama samples collected from various geographical locations in Namibia and Pretoria were compared in this study. The cp genomes were analyzed for diversity, including SNPs, indels, structural alterations, and heteroplasmy. The marama cp genomes ranged in length from 161,537 bp to 161,580 bp and contained the same sets of genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The genes <i>rpoC2</i> and <i>rpoB</i>, and the intergenic spacers <i>trnT-trnL</i> and <i>ndhG-ndhI</i> were found to be more diverse than other regions of the marama plastome. 15 haplotypes were found to be divided into two groups, differing at 122 loci and at a 230 bp inversion. One type appears to have greater variability within the major genome present, and variations amongst individuals with this type of chloroplast genome seems to be distributed within specific geographic regions but with very limited sampling for some regions. However, deep sequencing has identified that within most of the individuals, both types of chloroplast genomes are present, albeit one is generally at a very low frequency. The inheritance of this complex of chloroplast genomes appears to be fairly constant, providing a conundrum of how the two genomes co-exist and are propagated through generations. The possible consequences for adaptation to the harsh environment in which <i>T. esculentum</i> survives are considered. The results pave the way for marama variety identification, as well as for understanding the origin and evolution of the bean.
Analysis of pesticide residues in lettuce by large volume–difficult matrix introduction–gas chromatography–time of flight–mass spectrometry (LV-DMI-GC-TOF-MS) (2003)

A multi-residue method is described that eliminates the need for a clean-up step and thus allows the rapid determination of pesticides in crude extracts of lettuce. Samples were extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate, Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 and the crude extracts analysed directly using large volume-difficult matrix introduction (LV-DMI) in combination with gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). The LV-DMI procedure described was evaluated for the analysis of dimethoate, pyrimethanil, chlorothalonil, vinclozolin, furalaxyl and oxadixyl. Satisfactory response was obtained at the lowest calibrated level (LCL) of 0.0025 microg ml(-1), with good linearity over the range 0.0025-0.5 microg ml(-1) (0.005-1.0 mg kg(-1) equivalent). Average recoveries between 73 and 118% were obtained at the 0.01-0.5 mg kg(-1) levels with RSD values < or = 13%.
How Water Can Affect Keratin: Hydration‐Driven Recovery of Bighorn Sheep (<i>Ovis Canadensis</i>) Horns (2019)

Abstract Keratin is one of the most common structural biopolymers exhibiting high strength, toughness, and low density. It is found in various tissues such as hairs, feathers, horns, and hooves with various functionalities. For instance, horn keratin absorbs a large amount of energy during intraspecific fights. Keratinized tissues are permanent tissues because of their basic composition consisting of dead keratinized cells that are not able to remodel or regrow once broken or damaged. The lack of a self‐healing mechanism presents a problem for horns, as they are under continued high risk from mechanical damage. In the present work, it is shown for the first time that a combination of material architecture and a water‐assisted recovery mechanism, in the horn of bighorn sheep, endows them with shape and mechanical property recoverability after being subjected to severe compressive loading. Moreover, the effect of hydration is unraveled, on the material molecular structure and mechanical behavior, by means of synchrotron wide angle X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nanoindentation, and in situ and ex situ tensile tests. The recovery and remodeling mechanism is anisotropic and quite distinct to the self‐healing of living tissue such as bones.
Adaptive recursive algorithms for image restoration and array processing (2002)

An iterative regularized pseudoinverse (RPI) algorithm for restoring a linearly degraded image in the presence of noise is described. The array processing problem is recast into such a form that the iterative RPI algorithm can be used to compute the array weight vector recursively. This is done by absorbing the linear constraint vector into the array weight vector using a projection matrix. The convergence rate of the algorithm is very fast, and it is capable of resolving fully coherent sources. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated through numerical examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Middle infrared hyperspectral imaging of adhesives, varnishes and inks on Al plate and papers by using a bolometer camera and an imaging type interferometer (2016)

We built a hyperspectral imaging apparatus using middle-infrared light of 8–14 &mu;m, which has a strong ability to identify organic materials, and attempted visualization of the distribution of organic materials that could not be identified by a naked eye. For this purpose, we utilized a low-cost bolometer camera (Nippon Avionics co., ltd. C100V, Japan) for its easy availability rather than an expensive mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) array sensor. To compensate for the low sensitivity of this bolometer, we adopted a Fourier-type spectroscopic system (Aoi Electronics co. ltd., Japan) using an imaging interferometer devised by the Kagawa University, Japan; this interferometer has higher light-utilization efficiency than Michelson interferometers, which are used in popular interferometry techniques. In this study, 4 types of adhesives, 9 types of varnishes and more than 50 types of inks were put on Al plates of size 10 cm &times; 10 cm and were used as samples. Glossy paper for printing photos with an inkjet printer was also used as a sample. A 300 &deg;C black body of size 15 cm &times; 15 cm was used as a light source. Spectra of 320 &times; 240 points were measured at a wavelength resolution of approximately 9 cm<sup>−1</sup>. The mirror was scanned only once. The measurement time was approximately 30 s. Hyperspectral images of adhesives, varnishes and inks on Al plate and paper were successfully measured. Spectra over a 5 &times; 5-pixel neighborhoods were averaged, and the averaged spectra were compared with those measured by a commercially available Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The averaged and measured spectra had absorption peaks at the same wavelengths. Furthermore, by analyzing the measured spectra, the distribution of substances invisible to the naked eye was visualized. Our results show that if low-absorbance organic materials are put on a high-reflectance surface such as an Al plate, the middle-infrared hyperspectral imaging could be measured using a bolometer. Additionally, hyperspectral imaging of high-reflectance paper, such as glossy paper, could also be measured. Because a bolometer camera is much cheaper than an MCT array, hyperspectral imaging with such a camera has many potential applications. Moreover, an imaging interferometer, with its high efficiency of light utilization, is very suitable for the purpose.
Dragline noise survey (2002)

It is estimated that 70%–90% of miners have enough noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) to be classified as a disability (NIOSH, Publication No. 76-172, 1976; Franks, NIOSH Internal Report, 1996). In response, NIOSH is conducting a cross-sectional survey of the mining industry in order to determine the sources of mining noise and offer recommendations on how to mitigate high noise levels, and bring mining operations into compliance with the recent mining noise regulation: 30CFR, Part 62. This paper will outline the results from noise surveys of eight draglines which operate in above-ground coal mining operations. The data recorded include noise dosimetry in conjunction with time-at-task studies and 1/3-octave sound level (Leq, Lmin, and Lmax) measurements. The 1/3-octave band readings were used to create noise contour maps which allowed the spatial and frequency information of the noise to be considered. Comparison of Lmin and Lmax levels offer insight into the variability of the noise levels inside the dragline. The potential for administrative controls is limited due to consistently high noise levels throughout the deck. Implementation of engineering controls is also hindered by the size and number of the noise sources and the frequency content of the noise.
IAB, IESG, IETF Trust, and IETF LLC Selection, Confirmation, and Recall Process: Operation of the IETF Nominating and Recall Committees (2020)

The process by which the members of the IAB and IESG, some Trustees of
the IETF Trust, and some Directors of the IETF LLC are selected,
confirmed, and recalled is specified in this document. This document
is based on RFC7437. Only those updates required to reflect the
changes introduced by IASA 2.0 have been included. Any other changes
will be addressed in future documents. This document obsoletes RFC7437
and RFC8318.
Progressive neurodegeneration following spinal cord injury (2018)

To quantify atrophy, demyelination, and iron accumulation over 2 years following acute spinal cord injury and to identify MRI predictors of clinical outcomes and determine their suitability as surrogate markers of therapeutic intervention.
Incentive compatible medium access control in wireless networks (2006)

The current IEEE 802.11 medium access control standard is being deployed in coffee shops, airports and even across major cities.The terminals accessing these wi-fi access points do not belong to the same entity, as in corporate networks, but are usually individually owned and operated.Entities sharing these network resources have no incentive in following protocol rules other than to optimize their overall utility, usually a function of throughput and delay.In this thesis, we discuss the shortfalls of the current IEEE 802.11 standard in environments where terminals are competing for a common bandwidth resource and we introduce a new MAC protocol designed with the above considerations.Thus the new Incentive Compatible MAC (ICMAC) protocol uses Vickrey auction to allocate time slots and is better suited for these open environments, without compromising the overall network performance.