gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LPCAT3 Inhibitors Remodel the Polyunsaturated Phospholipid Content of Human Cells and Protect from Ferroptosis (2022)

LPCAT3 is an integral membrane acyltransferase in the Lands cycle responsible for generating C20:4 phospholipids and has been implicated in key biological processes such as intestinal lipid absorption, lipoprotein assembly, and ferroptosis. Small-molecule inhibitors of LPCAT3 have not yet been described and would offer complementary tools to genetic models of LPCAT3 loss, which causes neonatal lethality in mice. Here, we report the discovery by high-throughput screening of a class of potent, selective, and cell-active inhibitors of LPCAT3. We provide evidence that these compounds inhibit LPCAT3 in a biphasic manner, possibly reflecting differential activity at each subunit of the LPCAT3 homodimer. LPCAT3 inhibitors cause rapid rewiring of polyunsaturated phospholipids in human cells that mirrors the changes observed in <i>LPCAT3</i>-null cells. Notably, these changes include not only the suppression of C20:4 phospholipids but also corresponding increases in C22:4 phospholipids, providing a potential mechanistic explanation for the partial but incomplete protection from ferroptosis observed in cells with pharmacological or genetic disruption of LPCAT3.
Assessment of regional aerosol radiative effects under the SWAAMI campaign – Part 2: Clear-sky direct shortwave radiative forcing using multi-year assimilated data over the Indian subcontinent (2020)

Abstract. Clear-sky, direct shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) has been estimated over the Indian region, for the first time employing multi-year (2009–2013) gridded, assimilated aerosol products, as an important part of the South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions (SWAAMI) which is a joint Indo-UK research field campaign focused at understanding the variabilities in atmospheric aerosols and their interactions with the Indian summer monsoon. The aerosol datasets have been constructed following statistical assimilation of concurrent data from a dense network of ground-based observatories and multi-satellite products, as described in Part 1 of this two-part paper. The ARF, thus estimated, is assessed for its superiority or otherwise over other ARF estimates based on satellite-retrieved aerosol products, over the Indian region, by comparing the radiative fluxes (upward) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) estimated using assimilated and satellite products with spatiotemporally matched radiative flux values provided by CERES (Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System) single-scan footprint (SSF) product. This clearly demonstrated improved accuracy of the forcing estimates using the assimilated vis-à-vis satellite-based aerosol datasets at regional, subregional and seasonal scales. The regional distribution of diurnally averaged ARF estimates has revealed (a) significant differences from similar estimates made using currently available satellite data, not only in terms of magnitude but also the sign of TOA forcing; (b) the largest magnitudes of surface cooling and atmospheric warming over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and arid regions from north-western India; and (c) negative TOA forcing over most parts of the Indian region, except for three subregions – the IGP, north-western India and eastern parts of peninsular India where the TOA forcing changes to positive during pre-monsoon season. Aerosol-induced atmospheric warming rates, estimated using the assimilated data, demonstrate substantial spatial heterogeneities (∼0.2 to 2.0 K d−1) over the study domain with the IGP demonstrating relatively stronger atmospheric heating rates (∼0.6 to 2.0 K d−1). There exists a strong seasonality as well, with atmospheric warming being highest during pre-monsoon and lowest during winter seasons. It is to be noted that the present ARF estimates demonstrate substantially smaller uncertainties than their satellite counterparts, which is a natural consequence of reduced uncertainties in assimilated vis-à-vis satellite aerosol properties. The results demonstrate the potential application of the assimilated datasets and ARF estimates for improving accuracies of climate impact assessments at regional and subregional scales.
Optical Emission Spectroscopy of High Density Metal Plasma During Magnetron Sputtering (1997)

These distinguishing features including scaling laws, plasma impedance, minimum operating voltages, and wave structure will be discussed. In addition, the stability of these discharges will be verified and an observed transition in the heating mechanism and EEDG's which is brought on by varying the neutral gas pressure will be demonstrated. Experimental results are based on PICMCC simulation in one and two dimensions and will be compared with theory where possible.
Point mutations at multiple sites including highly conserved amino acids maintain activity, but render O6-alkylguanine‒DNA alkyltransferase insensitive to O6-benzylguanine (2000)

The DNA repair protein, O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), is inactivated by reaction with the pseudosubstrate, O(6)-benzylguanine (BG). This inactivation sensitizes tumour cells to chemotherapeutic alkylating agents, and BG is aimed at enhancing cancer treatment in clinical trials. Point mutations in a 24 amino acid sequence likely to form the BG-binding pocket were identified using a screening method designed to identify BG-resistant mutants. It was found that alterations in 21 of these residues were able to render AGT resistant to BG. These included mutations at the highly conserved residues Lys(165), Leu(168) and Leu(169). The two positions at which changes led to the largest increase in resistance to BG were Gly(156) and Lys(165). Eleven mutants at Gly(156) were identified, with increases in resistance ranging from 190-fold (G156V) to 4400-fold (G156P). Two mutants at Lys(165) found in the screen (K165S and K165A) showed 620-fold and 100-fold increases in resistance to BG. Two mutants at the Ser(159) position (S159I and S159V) were >80-fold more resistant than wild-type AGT. Eleven active mutants at Leu(169) were also resistant to BG, but with lower increases (5-86-fold). Fourteen BG-resistant mutants were found for position Cys(150), with 3-26-fold increases in the amount of inhibitor needed to produce a 50% loss of activity in a 30 min incubation. Six BG-resistant mutants at Asn(157) were found with increases of 4-13-fold. These results show that many changes can render human AGT resistant to BG without preventing the ability to protect tumour cells from therapeutic alkylating agents.
Gas-Lift Reactors for Rapid Reactions with Appreciable Gas Consumption (2000)

Gas-lift reactors offer important advantages for a number of gas/liquid and gas/liquid/solid reactions. However, the design and operation of these reactors can be complex when there is a substantial change in the molar gas flow rate along the length of the reactor, e.g., when a gaseous reactant is converted into a liquid product. In this situation, there is a strong coupling between reactor hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics, which arises from the fact that the rate of liquid circulation through the reactor and the longitudinal profile of gas holdup in the riser are mutually dependent. Several one-dimensional models have been developed to describe kinetic/hydrodynamic coupling in gas-lift reactors. These models offer useful insights into the parameters that affect reactor performance. The models can also be used to explore different approaches to scale-up.
Vibration of mechanical systems with geometric nonlinearities: Solving Harmonic Balance Equations with Groebner basis and continuations methods (2013)

International audience
Green Power Laboratorium på Aalborg Universitet (2005)

Da vedvarende energisystemer, baseret på sol (PV), nu udvikler sig hurtigt har Aalborg Universitet, Institut for Energiteknik, besluttet at styrke forskningsindsatsen inden for dette område. Dette sker bl.a. ved at bygge et helt nyt moderne laboratorium kaldet »Green Power« Laboratoriet, som vil fokusere på de vedvarende energikilders opkobling til el-nettet via en effektelektronisk styring og som muliggør udvikling, analyse og demonstration af helt nye forbedrede styremetoder og design af apparater. Det er især de nettilsluttede PV systemer, hvis installerede effekt har udviklet eksponentielt (se Figur 1) i de sidste ar og derfor har vi valgt at sætte fokus på design og kontrol af enfasede og trefasede, nettilsluttede omformere, hvor energien produceres af solceller.
Supplementary Table S3 from Integrated Classification of Prostate Cancer Reveals a Novel Luminal Subtype with Poor Outcome (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The genes in the collection of pathway signatures used in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
Bifunctional additive 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine for stable and high-efficiency tin–lead perovskite solar cells (2022)

A schematic illustration of the interaction between perovskites and AHPD, and the effect of AHPD on the microstructure evolution of the films.
Cognitive-Based Search Strategies for Complex Bio-Nanotechnology Design Derived Through Symbiotic Human and Agent-Based Approaches (2014)

Complex systems are challenging for engineers to understand and design. This work demonstrates a synergistic cognitive and agent-based methodology for developing and implementing rule-based strategies that improve human search performance in optimization design tasks. The domain of our study is the design of synthetic myosin-based systems, the biologically-based building block of muscle. We began with an initial cognitive study of users solving design tasks with three varied difficulties using a graphical user interface, and tracked how they manipulated design variables in their search process. User search behaviors resulting in the best and worst designs were then examined. Trends were identified that were used to formulate three strategies automated by computational agents solving the same tasks as the users. The most successful identified strategy implemented by the agents was a combination of univariate searches to learn parameter relationships and then applying that knowledge in greedy local searches. On one of the three tasks, an initial random search improved results. A subsequent cognitive study was conducted with users implementing the best agent-tested strategies. Users implementing the strategy performed significantly better than users performed in the first study with no provided strategy. These results show the power of synergistic human and agent-based approaches, in that cognitive-based findings can provide a starting place for computational search algorithms to begin testing strategies. Experimentation through agent-based methods via fast and extensive automated searches can then produce effective strategies that are given back to users. Our primary findings demonstrate that these agent-tested strategies significantly improve human search performance in designing these complex systems.
Desalination Science &amp; Technology Postdoc Research Associate Ad (2018)

We are seeking a Postdoctoral Research Associate to join our multidisciplinary team to conduct research on the science and technology of desalination. The aim of the project is to study the fundamental behavior of salt ions and other impurities in aqueous solutions, including the trace elements and hydrocarbons found in water co-produced with oil and gas. The current field of interest for the project is the physical, chemical, and electrical investigation of the behavior of dissolved ions and impurities in both high density, liquid-like, and low density, vapor-like, aqueous fluids at high temperatures and pressures.
Phytosynthesis of Au and Au/ZrO<sub>2</sub> bi-Phasic System Nanoparticles with Evaluation of Their Colloidal Stability (2018)

Due to its easy availability, preparation, handling and non-toxic nature, <i>Equisetum arvense</i> horsetail extract was chosen as a reducing, stabilizing and functionalizing agent for Au and bi-phasic Au/ZrO₂ nanoparticle phytosynthesis-inorganic nanoparticle synthesis mediated by plant extract. We studied Au and bi-phasic Au/ZrO₂ nanoparticles in colloids by various physical-chemical and analytical methods over 5 weeks. Dynamic Light Scattering and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy compared core and hydrodynamic diameters of nanoparticles. <i>ζ</i>-potential measurement indirectly determined nanoparticles stability in liquid medium. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy characterized basic absorbance maxima for both Au and the bi-phasic Au/ZrO₂ system. Finally, total metal concentration was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. <i>ζ</i>-potential measurements proved satisfactory stability of both Au (-13.4 to -17 mV) and Au/ZrO₂ nanoparticles (-14.1 to -17.5 mV) over the experimental period. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy with Selected Area Diffraction analysis confirmed nanoparticles crystalline nature, and we determined 24 nm and 40 nm core nanogold diameters in Au and Au/ZrO₂ nanoparticle colloids. Dynamic light scattering analysis confirmed the dichotomy between particle sizes in liquid medium in the hundreds of nanometers measured, and long-term measurements confirmed reasonable colloid stability-a paramount parameter for potential nanoparticles applications; especially in heterogeneous catalysis.
DNA‐Coated Microbubbles with Biochemically Tunable Ultrasound Contrast Activity (2011)

Changing the mechanical properties of the microbubble shell in response to a biochemical stimulus leads to vast changes in both ultrasound-induced bubble dynamics and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. DNA-coated microbubbles are shown to be a simple and highly versatile platform that can silence and re-activate contrast activity in response to the introduction and removal of biochemical stimuli. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Gate bias symmetry dependency of electron mobility and prospect of velocity modulation in double-gate silicon-on-insulator transistors (2004)

We report on detailed room-temperature transport properties of a 17nm thick double-gate silicon-on-insulator (DGSOI) transistor. We find that when the electron gas is transferred between the top and the bottom of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layer by changing the gate bias symmetry (i.e., applying the gate biases in a push–pull fashion), while keeping the carrier density constant the maximum mobility occurs when the electron gas symmetrically occupies the whole SOI slab. The observed mobility behavior is the fingerprint of volume inversion∕accumulation. This gate bias symmetry dependency of the mobility suggests that DGSOI devices intrinsically can be operated in a velocity modulation transistor (VMT) mode. In the experimental gate bias window, the maximum velocity∕mobility modulation is ∼40%. The VMT transconductance exceeds conventional single-gate transconductance when electron density is above ∼5.3×1016m−2. Improvements of the observed VMT operation in thin DGSOI devices are discussed.
Altering polymer morphology by intense terahertz wave irradiation (2016)

In this presentation, we succeed in altering polymer morphology using terahertz (THz) wave irradiation. Pulsed THz waves generated by a free electron laser (FEL) were irradiated to a poly(3-hydroxybutylate) (PHB) / chloroform solution during solvent casting crystallization. Morphological observation shows the formation of micrometer-sized crystals via the THz wave irradiation. Further, a 10-20% increase in crystallinity is observed through analysis of the infrared (IR) absorption spectra.
Experimental study on the coefficient of restitution of grain against block interfaces for natural and engineered materials (2020)

The coefficient of restitution (COR) is an important input parameter in the numerical simulation of granular flows, as it governs the travel distance, the lateral spreading, and the design of barriers. In this study, a new custom-built micromechanical impact loading apparatus is presented along with impact experiments on engineered and natural materials. The COR and energy loss of various grains and base block combinations are studied, including fairly regular-shaped Leighton Buzzard sand (LBS) grains as a natural soil and granite or rubber as base blocks, apart from the use of engineered materials for the grains (chrome steel balls, glass balls) and blocks (stainless steel, brass). The repeatability of the new micromechanical impact loading apparatus was checked by impacting chrome steel balls on stainless steel block. In all the test combinations, the higher and lower values of the COR are found for granite block (ranging between 0.75 and 0.95) and rubber block (ranging between 0.37 and 0.44) combinations, respectively. For the tested grain–block combinations, lower values of COR were observed for impacts between materials of low values of composite Young’s modulus. However, within the narrow range of composite surface roughness of the tested grain–block interfaces no particular trend was observed in the COR values. Compared to glass balls and chrome steel balls, greater scatter in the COR values is observed for natural sand grains. This is due to the variation of the elastic and morphological characteristics among individual LBS grains.
The System Iron Oxide‐TiO <sub>2</sub> ‐SiO <sub>2</sub> in Air (1960)

Phase relations at liquidus temperatures in the system iron oxide‐TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 have been determined in air. The equilibrium existence of the crystalline phases magnetite (ss), hematite (ss), pseudobrookite(ss), rutile(ss), and silica (tridy‐mite or cristobalite) has been established. Three isobaric eutectic points are formed by the intersections of quaternary liquidus univariant lines of the system Fe‐Ti‐Si‐O and the 0.21 atmosphere isobaric surface. The liquid misci‐bility gaps present in the bounding “binary” systems iron oxide‐Si0 2 and TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 extend across the composition triangle representing the “ternary” system iron oxide‐TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 . Liquidus temperatures decrease within the two‐liquid region from approximately l &lt;57Q a C. in the system iron oxide‐SiO 2 and 1780°C. in the system Ti(VSiO 2 to 1540°C. at the cristobalite‐rutile(ss) boundary curve which bisects the two‐liquid region. Paths of equilibrium crystallization of representative mixtures are discussed with reference to a simplified projection into the plane FeOFe 2 O 3 ‐TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 as well as in terms of the tetrahedron representing the system FeO‐Fe 2 O 3 ‐TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 .
RASSF1A and SCGB3A1 are common target genes for promoter hypermethylation in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (2007)

2875 Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that arise from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves. Half of all MPNSTs are sporadic cases whereas the other half arises in individuals with the autosomal, dominant genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The molecular biology underlying the development of these tumors remains mostly unknown, but inactivation of the protein neurofibromin, encoded by the NF1-gene, is believed to be an early event leading to tumor formation. During the last decade, epigenetic changes have been frequently reported in cancer and are now recognized to be at least as common as genetic changes. Only limited knowledge exists regarding DNA promoter hypermethylation changes in MPNSTs. In the present study, we report the promoter methylation status of two suppressor genes, RASSF1A and SCGB3A1, which are known to be commonly hypermethylated in other cancer types. The genes were analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in a series of thirty-two MPNSTs, with (n=21) or without (n=11) a known family history of NF1. RASSF1A was found hypermethylated in 14/30 cases (47%), and SCGB3A1, which to our knowledge has not been previously investigated in MPNSTs, was found hypermethylated in 15/31 cases (48%). Furthermore, the presence of DNA hypermethylation seemed to be more common in cases with the hereditary disease NF1 than among the sporadic cases, although not statistically significant. Seventy-two % of the MPNSTs harbored promoter hypermethylation of either RASSF1A, an effector of RAS signaling, or SCGB3A1, an inhibitor of Akt signaling, suggesting that epigenetic changes of these components contribute to the etiology of this disease.
Modelling and measurement of cascaded tensor impedance surfaces for polarization control (2015)

Polarization control of the electromagnetic field is an important aspect of many communication systems. One method of controlling polarization is through the use of chiral effects. This includes circular polarization selectivity and linear polarization rotation. These kinds of effects can be implemented in many ways including stacks of meander-line polarizers (M. Joyal and J. Laurin, IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62,no. 6, pp. 30433053, June 2014 ). However, designing these surfaces using cascaded tensor impedances is a viable alternative that can minimize their physical footprint. Such designs consist of tensor impedance surface cascaded back to back as shown in Fig. 1.
Elevated urinary angiotensinogen excretion links central and renal hemodynamic alterations (2023)

Inappropriate activation of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardio-renal syndrome (CRS). We aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) excretion, a biomarker of intrarenal RAS activity, with central (aortic) and renal hemodynamic parameters in middle-aged and older adults, including patients with chronic kidney disease. Aortic and renal hemodynamic parameters were measured using applanation tonometry and duplex ultrasonography in 282 participants. Urinary AGT, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), and plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were measured for each participant. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that urinary AGT levels were associated with aortic blood pressures, pulsatile measures of renal blood flow, plasma NT-proBNP and urinary L-FABP levels after adjusting for potential covariates, including age, sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and medication use. Additionally, when classified based on GFR stages and urinary AGT levels, plasma NT-proBNP and urinary L-FABP levels increased in participants with lower GFR and higher AGT groups. Our findings suggest that urinary AGT excretion is a shared determinant of central (aortic) and renal hemodynamics in middle-aged and older adults, providing clinical evidence for the potential role of intrarenal RAS activity in the development of CRS.