gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galactosylated Fucose Epitopes in Nematodes (2012)

The modification of α1,6-linked fucose residues attached to the proximal (reducing-terminal) core N-acetylglucosamine residue of N-glycans by β1,4-linked galactose ("GalFuc" epitope) is a feature of a number of invertebrate species including the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A pre-requisite for both core α1,6-fucosylation and β1,4-galactosylation is the presence of a nonreducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine; however, this residue is normally absent from the final glycan structure in invertebrates due to the action of specific hexosaminidases. Previously, we have identified two hexosaminidases (HEX-2 and HEX-3) in C. elegans, which process N-glycans. In the present study, we have prepared a hex-2;hex-3 double mutant, which possesses a radically altered N-glycomic profile. Whereas in the double mutant core α1,3-fucosylation of the proximal N-acetylglucosamine was abolished, the degree of galactosylation of core α1,6-fucose increased, and a novel Galα1,2Fucα1,3 moiety attached to the distal core N-acetylglucosamine residue was detected. Both galactosylated fucose moieties were also found in two parasitic nematodes, Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum dentatum. As core modifications of N-glycans are known targets for fungal nematotoxic lectins, the sensitivity of the C. elegans double hexosaminidase mutant was assessed. Although this mutant displayed hypersensitivity to the GalFuc-binding lectin CGL2 and the N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectin XCL, the mutant was resistant to CCL2, which binds core α1,3-fucose. Thus, the use of C. elegans mutants aids the identification of novel N-glycan modifications and the definition of in vivo specificities of nematotoxic lectins with potential as anthelmintic agents.
Anti-psychopathic drugs lead to gain weight as well as nursing measures (2007)

Objective:To aim at anti-psychopathic drugs lead to gain weight in order to make the correlative nursing measures. Methods:36 Cases of the schizophienic patients were regularly measured weight and made self——controlled study.Results: 19cases gained weight after taking medicine at the end of 6 weeks average gain.weight were 4.06kg.Conclusions: the correlative nursing measures should be taken in clinical nursing job in order to prevent and to avoid gain weight It`s important meaning to improve patient`s body——hearted health.
ABCinML: Anticipatory Bias Correction in Machine Learning Applications (2022)

The idealization of a static machine-learned model, trained once and deployed forever, is not practical. As input distributions change over time, the model will not only lose accuracy, any constraints to reduce bias against a protected class may fail to work as intended. Thus, researchers have begun to explore ways to maintain algorithmic fairness over time. One line of work focuses on dynamic learning: retraining after each batch, and the other on robust learning which tries to make algorithms robust against all possible future changes. Dynamic learning seeks to reduce biases soon after they have occurred and robust learning often yields (overly) conservative models. We propose an anticipatory dynamic learning approach for correcting the algorithm to mitigate bias before it occurs. Specifically, we make use of anticipations regarding the relative distributions of population subgroups (e.g., relative ratios of male and female applicants) in the next cycle to identify the right parameters for an importance weighing fairness approach. Results from experiments over multiple real-world datasets suggest that this approach has promise for anticipatory bias correction.
Characterization of retinoyl beta-glucuronide as a minor metabolite of retinoic acid in bile. (1980)

Several metabolites detected in the bile of rats given radioactive retinoic acid were separated by liquid/gel partition chromatography and purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. One of these metabolites was found to be sensitive to beta-D-glucuronidase, yielding both 13-cis- and all-trans-retinoic acid. It had the characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of retinoic acid esters. Trimethylsilyl ether and acetyl derivatives of the methylated metabolite were prepared and examined by mass spectrometry. The resulting mass spectra established the structure to be retinoyl beta-glucuronide. Retinoyl glucuronide was rapidly excreted into the bile: the excretion was complete by 12 hr after the administration of retinoic acid. At this time the metabolite represented 12% of bile radioactivity (10% of dose). These observations confirm the existence of retinoyl glucuronide but demonstrate that it represents only one of several retinoic acid metabolites in bile.
New perspectives on lipid and surfactant based drug delivery systems for oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs (2010)

The ever-increasing number of poorly soluble compounds in drug discovery and development calls for the serious need for effective and affordable drug delivery strategies that will enhance bioavailability and decrease variability. Lipid and surfactant based drug delivery systems offer these advantages; however, the development of these systems requires proper understanding of the physicochemical nature of the compound as well as the lipid excipients and gastrointestinal digestion. One major challenge of lipid excipients and delivery systems is the varying range of compounds they contain. This has contributed to the challenge of proper characterisation and evaluation of these delivery systems, their stability, classification and regulatory issues, which consequently have affected the number of these formulations that eventually reach the market. Suggestions as to proper classification of these delivery systems based on their main lipid component and recommended use are put forward. The prospect of these delivery systems looks promising.
Diversified glucosinolate metabolism: biosynthesis of hydrogen cyanide and of the hydroxynitrile glucoside alliarinoside in relation to sinigrin metabolism in Alliaria petiolata (2015)

Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard, Brassicaceae) contains the glucosinolate sinigrin as well as alliarinoside, a γ-hydroxynitrile glucoside structurally related to cyanogenic glucosides. Sinigrin may defend this plant against a broad range of enemies, while alliarinoside confers resistance to specialized (glucosinolate-adapted) herbivores. Hydroxynitrile glucosides and glucosinolates are two classes of specialized metabolites, which generally do not occur in the same plant species. Administration of [UL-(14)C]-methionine to excised leaves of A. petiolata showed that both alliarinoside and sinigrin were biosynthesized from methionine. The biosynthesis of alliarinoside was shown not to bifurcate from sinigrin biosynthesis at the oxime level in contrast to the general scheme for hydroxynitrile glucoside biosynthesis. Instead, the aglucon of alliarinoside was formed from metabolism of sinigrin in experiments with crude extracts, suggesting a possible biosynthetic pathway in intact cells. Hence, the alliarinoside pathway may represent a route to hydroxynitrile glucoside biosynthesis resulting from convergent evolution. Metabolite profiling by LC-MS showed no evidence of the presence of cyanogenic glucosides in A. petiolata. However, we detected hydrogen cyanide (HCN) release from sinigrin and added thiocyanate ion and benzyl thiocyanate in A. petiolata indicating an enzymatic pathway from glucosinolates via allyl thiocyanate and indole glucosinolate derived thiocyanate ion to HCN. Alliarinoside biosynthesis and HCN release from glucosinolate-derived metabolites expand the range of glucosinolate-related defenses and can be viewed as a third line of defense, with glucosinolates and thiocyanate forming protein being the first and second lines, respectively.
The interplay between classical and alternative isoprenoid biosynthesis controls γδ T cell bioactivity of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2004)

Isoprenoids are synthesised either through the classical, mevalonate pathway, or the alternative, non-mevalonate, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. The latter is found in many microbial pathogens and proceeds via (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), a potent activator of human Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells. Listeria monocytogenes is the only pathogenic bacterium known to contain both pathways concurrently. Strategic gene knockouts demonstrate that either pathway is functional but dispensable for viability. Yet, disrupting the mevalonate pathway results in a complementary upregulation of the MEP pathway. Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell bioactivity is increased in DeltalytB mutants where HMB-PP accumulation is expected, and lost in DeltagcpE mutants which fail to produce HMB-PP.
Analysis and Performance of Beam Management in 5G Networks (2019)

Carrier frequencies above 6 GHz are adopted for the upcoming fifth generation (5G) mobile networks since they offer higher data rates than today's legacy networks. High frequencies allow the deployment of multiple antenna elements in single antenna array. Analog, digital, and hybrid beamforming techniques are practiced to generate beams with high beamforming gain compensating for the increased path loss. In 5G, the user equipments (UEs) are not only connected to cells, but also served by specific beams of the cells. This study investigates the beam management procedures specified in the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard that control the intra-cell UE mobility, which is the mobility of the UEs between beams of single cell. This work defines a comprehensive system model to evaluate the concepts of intra-cell mobility in a representative scenario and network deployment. Moreover, this paper focuses on the implementation of the beam switching algorithm, which is a key element of the beam management procedures. Herein, an additional layer of filtering is introduced at the network side to reduce the fluctuations in the UE measurements that are caused by fast fading and measurement errors. Using the filtered measurements, several methods for beam switching are designed and evaluated. The results reveal that the proposed methods provide means to enhance the robustness of intra-cell UE mobility by decreasing the outage percentage, as well as the signaling overhead associated with the beam management procedures.
Strategies for vitamin B6 biofortification of plants: a dual role as a micronutrient and a stress protectant (2013)

Vitamin B6 has an essential role in cells as a cofactor for several metabolic enzymes. It has also been shown to function as a potent antioxidant molecule. The recent elucidation of the vitamin B6 biosynthesis pathways in plants provides opportunities for characterizing their importance during developmental processes and exposure to stress. Humans and animals must acquire vitamin B6 with their diet, with plants being a major source, because they cannot biosynthesize it de novo. However, the abundance of the vitamin in the edible portions of the most commonly consumed plants is not sufficient to meet daily requirements. Genetic engineering has proven successful in increasing the vitamin B6 content in the model plant Arabidopsis. The added benefits associated with the enhanced vitamin B6 content, such as higher biomass and resistance to abiotic stress, suggest that increasing this essential micronutrient could be a valuable option to improve the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crop plants. This review summarizes current achievements in vitamin B6 biofortification and considers strategies for increasing vitamin B6 levels in crop plants for human health and nutrition.
Flow and heat transfer in serpentine channels (2012)

Serpentine channels are often used in microchannel reactors and heat exchangers. These channels offer better mixing, higher heat and mass‐transfer coefficients than straight channels. In the present work, flow and heat transfer experiments were carried out with a serpentine channel plate comprising of 10 units (single unit dimensions: 1 × 1.5 mm 2 in cross section, length 46.28 mm, D h 1.2 mm) in series. Pressure drop and heat‐transfer coefficients were experimentally measured. Flow and heat transfer in the experimental set‐up were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to understand the mechanisms responsible for performance enhancement. The CFD methodology, thus, developed was applied to understand the effect of various geometrical parameters on heat transfer enhancement. A criterion was defined for evaluation of heat transfer performance (heat transfer per unit pumping power), thus, ensuring due considerations to required pumping power. The effect of geometrical parameters and the corresponding mechanisms contributing for enhancement are discussed briefly. Based on the results, a design map comprising different serpentine channels showing heat transfer enhancement with pumping power was developed for Reynolds number of 200 which will be useful for further work on flow and heat transfer in serpentine channels. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1814–1827, 2013
Extended temperature performance of 120 Gbps midboard optical engine (2016)

Industrial and military requirements for optics dictate the ability to operate reliably over a myriad of extreme environmental conditions such as extended temperature, increased shock and vibration, high particulate environments, etc. While it is paramount that the transceiver be able to maintain performance over these extreme conditions, considerations for the optical interconnects in the signal path are often overlooked. In general, optical performance tends to degrade as the operating temperature drifts from nominal conditions. Likewise, optical connector performance degrades at higher shock and vibration levels. As a result, optical products are generally limited to operating at case temperatures between 0 °C – 70 °C and struggle at high shock and vibration levels. In this paper we demonstrate the performance of the Samtec 12 channel FireFly<sup>TM </sup>at 10 Gbps, -40 °C and 85 °C case temperature coupled with the expanded beam MXCTM connector from US Conec. Optical eye diagrams and receiver sensitivity for a link that includes 100 m of OM3 fiber, reliability results for transmitters operating at extended temperature, and shock and vibration data are presented.
5α-Reduced Glucocorticoids, Novel Endogenous Activators of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (2004)

Metabolism of glucocorticoids to A-ring-reduced dihydro- and tetrahydro-derivatives by means of hepatic 5alpha- and 5beta-reductases has long been regarded as a pathway of irreversible inactivation. However, 5alpha-reduced metabolites of other steroids, e.g. testosterone and aldosterone, have significant biological activity. We investigated whether 5alpha-reduced metabolites of corticosterone are glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists. Corticosterone, 5alpha-tetrahydrocorticosterone (5alphaTHB), and 5alpha-dihydrocorticosterone (5alphaDHB) were similarly effective in displacing tritiated dexamethasone from binding sites in hepatocytes, whereas 5beta-reduced metabolites were less effective in binding. 5alphaTHB had glucocorticoid receptor agonist effects in vitro and in vivo. After transient co-transfection of hGR and a murine mammary tumor virus-luciferase reporter into HeLa cells, 5alphaTHB was active to a comparable extent as corticosterone (28-fold versus 37-fold induction, respectively, at 1 microm) and additive to the effect of corticosterone. 5beta-Reduced metabolites did not activate GR. In H4IIE hepatoma cells, both 5alphaTHB and corticosterone induced mRNA expression of tyrosine aminotransferase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (6.0-versus 10.1-fold and 3.5-versus 3.9-fold at 1 microM, respectively), an effect that was inhibited by RU486. To assess in vivo glucocorticoid activity, suppression of plasma ACTH was demonstrated in adrenalectomized rats after intraperitoneal administration of vehicle (ACTH trough 80.2 pm), corticosterone (5 mg/kg; 22 pm, p < 0.001) or 5alphaTHB (5 mg/kg; 51.3 pm, p < 0.005). Similar endogenous concentrations of corticosterone and 5alphaTHB were detected in rat liver homogenates by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. We conclude that 5alpha-reduced glucocorticoids bind to and activate GR. Transcription of glucocorticoid-regulated genes in tissues that express 5alpha-reductases will thus be influenced by intracellular levels of both corticosterone and its 5alpha-reduced metabolites.
Application of Machine Learning Methods on Patient Reported Outcome Measurements for Predicting Outcomes: A Literature Review (2021)

The field of patient-centred healthcare has, during recent years, adopted machine learning and data science techniques to support clinical decision making and improve patient outcomes. We conduct a literature review with the aim of summarising the existing methodologies that apply machine learning methods on patient-reported outcome measures datasets for predicting clinical outcomes to support further research and development within the field. We identify 15 articles published within the last decade that employ machine learning methods at various stages of exploiting datasets consisting of patient-reported outcome measures for predicting clinical outcomes, presenting promising research and demonstrating the utility of patient-reported outcome measures data for developmental research, personalised treatment and precision medicine with the help of machine learning-based decision-support systems. Furthermore, we identify and discuss the gaps and challenges, such as inconsistency in reporting the results across different articles, use of different evaluation metrics, legal aspects of using the data, and data unavailability, among others, which can potentially be addressed in future studies.
A synergistic antiproliferation effect of curcumin and docosahexaenoic acid in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells: unique signaling not explained by the effects of either compound alone (2011)

The combination of DHA and CCM is potentially a dietary supplemental treatment for some breast cancers, likely dependent upon molecular phenotype. DHA enhancement of cellular curcumin uptake is one potential mechanism for observed synergy in SK-BR-3 cells; however, transcriptomic data show that the antiproliferation synergy accompanies many signaling events unique to the combined presence of the two compounds.
Improvement of Bioenergetics Model Predictions for Fish Undergoing Compensatory Growth (2005)

Abstract A previous evaluation of a bioenergetics model applied to juvenile hybrid sunfish (F 1 hybrid of female green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus × male bluegill L. macrochirus ) undergoing compensatory growth (CG) indicated that the model substantially overestimated growth and underestimated cumulative consumption. This result suggested that fish bioenergetics models might not adequately account for physiological shifts that occur during CG. However, we demonstrate that application of a recently developed procedure for correcting consumption‐ and growth‐rate‐dependent systematic errors common among bioenergetics models negates much of the predictive error that had been attributed to the physiological complexities of CG. Correction equations for estimating the model‐relative growth rate error (predicted less observed; g · g −1 · d −1 ) from the observed mean daily consumption rate (g · g −1 · d −1 ) and the consumption rate error (predicted less observed; g · g −1 · d −1 ) from the observed relative growth rate (g · g −1 · d −1 ) were derived by applying linear regression analysis to data from individual hybrid sunfish not undergoing CG. These independently generated correction equations significantly improved model predictions of growth and cumulative consumption for three groups of fish undergoing CG at one temperature near their growth optimum. The findings indicate that the high consumption and growth rates characteristic of fish undergoing CG merely amplify the consumption‐ and growth‐rate‐dependent errors inherent in bioenergetics models and that model predictions for fish undergoing CG can be significantly improved through application of the correction procedure.
Evaluation of Linamon Red Clay, Salvador Black Cinder and Kapatagan Diatomaceous Earth of the Southern Philippines (2023)

The southern island of the Philippines is abundant in silicate minerals, including the province of Lanao del Norte. However, some of these resources in the region are untapped for use as raw materials in the production of various ceramic products for industrial, pharmaceutical, and nanotechnology applications. These could include tiles, sanitary ware, dinnerware, insulating bricks, porcelain, membranes and coatings. Some of the explored minerals are the red clay in the municipality of Linamon, diatomaceous earth in Kapatagan and black cinder in Salvador. It is the aim of this study that these minerals are evaluated in terms of their physical and chemical properties so that these will be used for optimum application. The properties that were determined were their specific gravities, raw and fired surface colors, Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, thermal properties, morphologies and mineralogical compositions. Pellets were formed for each raw material and fired at two temperature levels 1000 °C and 1200 °C to evaluate their physical properties. Linamon red clay has a 38.88% cumulative passing size of 150 µm, and the black cinder of Salvador and diatomaceous earth of Kapatagan have cumulative passing sizes of 96.53% and 60.12% at 150-micron sieve, respectively. The common mineral contents of the three samples are montmorillonite, quartz and andesine. Black cinder fired at 1200 °C has the darkest shade of red with a greasy quasi-submetallic luster. It attained the highest fusion coverage on the platform among the three materials, which makes it a potential supplement or replacement for feldspar in clay-based triaxial materials for ceramic production. The diatomaceous earth has the potential to be a secondary clay content source and a good source of flux for a certain temperature range. Both the red clay and diatomaceous earth were classified as plastic materials that are suitable for brick production, and the red clay is also feasible for pottery production. These are a few of the features of the clay minerals in the region that present suitable properties for application as raw materials in the production of ceramic tiles and hollow ceramic products.
Fault-Tolerant Computing on POEM (1991)

Wafer scale integration (WSI) promises to realize a complete multiprocessing system on the same wafer and eliminates the expensive steps required to dice and bond. The fundamental belief is that the internal connection between chips on the same wafer are more reliable and have a smaller propagation delay than external connections 1 . However, achieving a high yield has proven to be a major challenge. Rather than aiming for 100% yield, the realistic solution is to determine the defective components on the wafer and replace them with spares. Which means, the design should be tolerant to faults developed during the manufacturing process. Moreover, faults occur during system operation, be it component failure, improper operation, or environmental factors. Therefore, a mean to detect these unexpected faults and recover from them is necessary to minimize down time and unavailability. Long and periodic system downs are a luxury that cannot be afforded for computers used in critical applications. In this paper, we show that the introduction of optical interconnection techniques into a multiprocessor environment (e.g. the Programmable Optoelectronic Multiprocessor, POEM) enables efficient implementation of fault-tolerant techniques.