gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanosized T1 MRI Contrast Agent Based on a Polyamidoamine as Multidentate Gd Ligand (2021)

A linear polyamidoamine (PAA) named BAC-EDDS, containing metal chelating repeat units composed of two <i>tert</i>-amines and four carboxylic groups, has been prepared by the aza-Michael polyaddition of ethylendiaminodisuccinic (EDDS) with 2,2-bis(acrylamido)acetic acid (BAC). It was characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), FTIR, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopies. The <i>pK<sub>a</sub></i> values of the ionizable groups of the repeat unit were estimated by potentiometric titration, using a purposely synthesized molecular ligand (Agly-EDDS) mimicking the structure of the BAC-EDDS repeat unit. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential analyses revealed the propensity of BAC-EDDS to form stable nanoaggregates with a diameter of approximately 150 nm at pH 5 and a net negative charge at physiological pH, in line with an isoelectric point <2. BAC-EDDS stably chelated Gd (III) ions with a molar ratio of 0.5:1 Gd (III)/repeat unit. The stability constant of the molecular model Gd-Agly-EDDS (log K = 17.43) was determined as well, by simulating the potentiometric titration through the use of Hyperquad software. In order to comprehend the efficiency of Gd-BAC-EDDS in contrasting magnetic resonance images, the nuclear longitudinal (<i>r</i><sub>1</sub>) and transverse (<i>r</i><sub>2</sub>) relaxivities as a function of the externally applied static magnetic field were investigated and compared to the ones of commercial contrast agents. Furthermore, a model derived from the Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan theory for the field dependence of the NMR relaxivity curves was applied and allowed us to evaluate the rotational correlation time of the complex (<i>τ</i> = 0.66 ns). This relatively high value is due to the dimensions of Gd-BAC-EDDS, and the associated rotational motion causes a peak in the longitudinal relaxivity at ca. 75 MHz, which is close to the frequencies used in clinics. The good performances of Gd-BAC-EDDS as a contrast agent were also confirmed through in vitro magnetic resonance imaging experiments with a 0.2 T magnetic field.
Heisenberg vs. Stoner: Probing the Microscopic Picture of Ultrafast Demagnetization using High Harmonics (2017)

We uncover the multiple mechanisms underlying laser-driven demagnetization in cobalt using a tabletop high harmonic source. Ultrafast magnon excitation, as well as a transient reduction of the exchange splitting, are both important on femtosecond timescales.
Boundary Element Approaches for the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (2009)

Boundary element approaches are developed to evaluate the human exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields, estimating the current density distribution inside the body. The reference man proposed in the IEC Standards is adopted to model the human body. The validation is performed by comparison with analytical and finite-element solutions. Various exposure conditions, typical in electric substations and industrial environment, are finally investigated through the proposed approaches.
Low range sidelobe pulse compression with complex-valued window to minimize distributed clutter power (2013)

In this paper, a pulse compression with complex valued window, termed PCX, is proposed to achieve low range sidelobe, low mismatch loss and small broadening factor simultaneously. By modeling distributed sidelobe clutter with steering vectors, a complex-valued window minimizing the distributed clutter power is derived. Proposed PCX shows superior performance against Taylor windowed pulse compression in integrated range sidelobe level, mismatch loss and broadening factor. Proposed PCX can be implemented affordably by replacing current real-valued window weighting processing with complex-valued processing in the fast convolution circuit.
Site-Specific DNA Cleavage by <i>Chlorella</i> Virus Topoisomerase II (2002)

The DNA cleavage reaction of topoisomerase II is central to the catalytic activity of the enzyme and is the target for a number of important anticancer drugs. Unfortunately, efforts to characterize this fundamental reaction have been limited by the low levels of DNA breaks normally generated by the enzyme. Recently, however, a type II topoisomerase with an extraordinarily high intrinsic DNA cleavage activity was isolated from Chlorella virus PBCV-1. To further our understanding of this enzyme, the present study characterized the site-specific DNA cleavage reaction of PBCV-1 topoisomerase II. Results indicate that the viral enzyme cleaves DNA at a limited number of sites. The DNA cleavage site utilization of PBCV-1 topoisomerase II is remarkably similar to that of human topoisomerase IIalpha, but the viral enzyme cleaves these sites to a far greater extent. Finally, PBCV-1 topoisomerase II displays a modest sensitivity to anticancer drugs and DNA damage in a site-specific manner. These findings suggest that PBCV-1 topoisomerase II represents a unique model with which to dissect the DNA cleavage reaction of eukaryotic type II topoisomerases.
High uniformity 75 GHz junction HEMTs (JHEMTs) using a dry-etch gate technology (2002)

This paper demonstrates a high uniformity 75 GHz (f/sub /spl tau//) GaInAs junction HEMT (JHEMT) technology with /spl plusmn/5 percent variations in the DC and RF parameters using a selective dry-etch gate process. This technology is attractive for the manufacturing of low cost MMICs.
Life Cycle Assessment of a Circular Economy Process for Tray Production via Water-Based Upcycling of Vegetable Waste (2022)

With one-third of food being wasted at the various steps of the value chain, there is a large amount of biomass constantly being discarded, also wasting the resources consumed for its production. Several strategies have been proposed to use this biomass as a source of raw materials for the production of plastic alternatives, but the environmental impact parameters have rarely been estimated to understand if the proposed process provides an overall benefit. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, through an experimental laboratory campaign, the production process of a vegetable biocomposite material obtained by valorization of biomass from two sources: unsold vegetables from a wholesale market and carrot pomace obtained as a byproduct of juicing. The obtained biocomposite films were thermoformed into trays to replace the traditional plastic food containers made principally with PET. Different scenarios for the lab-scale production of trays were evaluated by testing two water-based processing methods for the two types of biomass used. In order to understand which of the four scenarios was the least impactful, the global warming potential, the cumulative energy demand, and the water scarcity index were used as indicators. Among the different lab-scale processing scenarios for the upscaling of vegetable waste, the least impactful was starting from the unsold/discarded vegetables collected at the wholesale market that were processed via water-based hydrolysis catalyzed by formic acid. Impact parameters were comparable or better than two traditional polymers (PET and HDPE) and two biopolymers (PLA and biopolymer from starch), showing that this process has excellent potential, from an environmental point of view, of substituting plastic packaging.
Taxation and Life Insurance: A Theoretical Analysis* (1984)

Taxation of life insurance is generally considered to pose special and complex problems. These are alleged to stem from the special nature of life insurance. This paper challenges the notion that there is anything inherently special about the economics of life insurance and disputes the claim that it warrants special tax treatment. A model of the life insurance firm is presented and the appropriate basis for taxing life insurance companies and their policyholders is derived. This is compared with the system of taxation currently operating in Australia.
Life of a submarine cable from laboratory to seabed (2004)

This paper summarizes the three years life time of a long-haul submarine system, starting from the laboratory investigation and ending up with the on-site commissioning transmission tests.
Experiments on a helical vortex pair influenced by centrifugal instabilities (2022)

International audience
Chronic leucine supplementation in adult rats did not induce insulin resistance on glucose metabolism (2008)

Leucine has been described as a potent regulator of muscle protein synthesis. It has previously been shown that dietary leucine supplementation restores the postprandial defect in muscle protein synthesis currently observed in the elderly (1,2) , suggesting that long-term utilization of leucine-rich diets may limit muscle protein wasting during aging. Leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis by activating specific intracellular pathways (e.g. mTOR, S6K) that are also involved in insulin-controlled protein metabolism. Moreover, it has been shown that over-activation of these kinases may inhibit early steps in insulin action and could lead to abnormalities in glucose metabolism.
A Force Controlled Finishing Robot System with a Task-Directed Robot Language (1995)

We have developed a force controlled robot system for finishing tasks such as grinding, chamfering, and polishing tasks in machining plants. Casted workpieces for finishing differ in size, shape, or both. Thus, a position controlled robot system cannot handle these workpieces. Force controlled robot systems can handle them because they can follow the edges or the surfaces of the workpieces using the force control function. Until now, however, the force controlled robot systems have been difficult to use for the following two reasons. One is that many force control. parameters-for example, a force control direction, a force detecting direction, a desired force pattern, and force control gains-have to be assigned in order to make the system work. The other is that you should be very careful to teach the robot to conduct a finishing task which needs contact between the robot and the workpiece. To cope with these issues, we have developed a task-directed robot language and also a controller with force controlled guide function. The robot language enables the force control parameters to be assigned with only three key parameters-a task name, a tool code, and a tool center point-, and one motion command. The force controlled guide function allows you to guide the robot easily in work environments without fear of collision. The experiment of chamfering the edges of a part in an injection molding machine is also reported.
Relationship between host energy levels and device performances of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with triplet mixed host emitting structure (2007)

Green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) with a triplet mixed host emitting layer were developed and device performances were studied by changing host materials in light-emitting layer. Power efficiency of green PHOLEDs could be improved from 12.7to29.1lm∕W by using triplet mixed host emitting layer. Combination of hole-transport-type host with good hole injection properties and electron-transport-type host with good electron injection properties was effective to get high efficiency in triplet mixed host devices.
Supplementary Table S2 from Targeting YAP-Dependent MDSC Infiltration Impairs Tumor Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Detailed pathology description of the Gr1 treated mice and Cxcr2 inhibitor treated mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Monomeric C-Reactive Protein Binds and Neutralizes Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00234.].
Application of two-and-half dimension model-based inversion algorithm for cross-well electromagnetic imaging (2009)

The application of the model-based algorithm to cross-well electromagnetic data inversion was presented in this paper. The accuracy of the inversion can be greatly improved by using the parametric coordinate to incorporate the layering information.
Vysokovýkonová pulzní reaktivní magnetronová depozice vrstev VO2 na skle (2016)

Práce se zabývá problematikou vysokovýkonové pulzní reaktivní magnetronové depozice (HiPIMS) vrstev oxidu vanadičitého VO2 na skleněných substrátech. Cílem je vytvořit termochromické tenké vrstvy VO2 pomocí řízeného procesu HiPIMS depozice a vyšetřit vliv depozičních parametrů na výbojové charakteristiky a materiálové vlastnosti připravených vrstev. \nVrstvy byly připraveny v atmosféře argonu a kyslíku, parciální tlak argonu par = 1 Pa, průtok argonu komorou byl 60 sccm. Hodnota parciálního tlaku pox sloužila jako kritická hodnota pro řídicí systém pulzního napouštění reaktivního plynu (O2). Naprašování probíhalo z vanadového terče (99,999 %) o průměru 50 mm na skleněný substrát umístěný na otočném držáku ve vzdálenosti 150 mm od terče. Substrát byl ohříván na depoziční teploty Ts = 250-400 °C. Reaktivní plyn byl přiváděn korundovou trubičkou do vzdálenosti 20 mm od terče a ústí trubiček směřovalo směrem k substrátu. Terč byl zatěžován průměrnou výkonovou hustotou při depozici &lt;Sd&gt; = 11-13 Wcm-2. Napětí na terči bylo Ud = 570-595 V, délka napěťového pulzu ton = 50 a 80 mikrosekund, opakovací frekvence pulzů f = 200 a 125 Hz, střída konstantně ton/T = 1 %. \nFázové složení vrstev bylo určeno pomocí XRD analýzy. Pomocí spektroskopické elipsometrie byla určena tloušťka vrstev a spektrální závislosti optických konstant jako index lomu n a extinkční koeficient k. Měřením spektrální závislosti transmitance vrstev bylo určeno jejich termochromické chování a hodnoty integrální transmitance ve viditelném spektru Tlum, integrální transmitance reálného dopadajícího záření Tsol a modulace dopadajícího záření. Pomocí spektrofotometru bylo dále určeno hysterezní chování transmitance T2500 v infračervené oblasti při ohřevu a chlazení vrstev. Hysterezní chování bylo obdobně určeno i z rezistivity vrstev změřené pomocí čtyřbodové metody. Hodnoty přechodové teploty Ttr byly určeny dvěma metodami z tvaru zmíněných hysterezních křivek.
Task-dependent impedance improves user performance with a virtual prosthetic arm (2011)

Recent studies of neuromotor control have shown that humans modulate the impedance of their arms for different tasks, motivating the development of a prosthetic arm with user-selectable impedance characteristics. While impedance control has been extensively studied in robotics, prosthetic arms present a unique combination of human and robotic control, in which human capabilities and preferences play an important role. To understand the desirable impedance characteristics of prosthetic arms, we studied human control of a one-degree of-freedom virtual prosthetic limb with variable stiffness and damping in tasks involving (1) force minimization and (2) trajectory tracking. Subjects performed best with different patterns of impedance modulation depending on task goals and available feedback, suggesting that the ability to modulate the impedance of a prosthetic limb may be beneficial to the wearer. The results of this study inform the future design of prosthetic limbs in which the wearer can vary limb impedance to improve performance in a variety of manipulation tasks.
Antidiarrheal mechanism of<i>Carpolobia lutea</i>leaf fractions in rats (2011)

The leaf fractions contain two types of antidiarrheal agents, one mediating its effect through α₁-presynaptic adrenoceptor while the other does not. Polyphenols isolated may in part lend credence for observed antidiarrheal activity.
Clinician attitudes towards prescribing and implications for interventions in a multi‐specialty group practice (2008)

Although the majority of clinicians reported that DTC advertising leads many patients to request medications that are inappropriate for their condition, a sizable proportion of clinicians reported difficulty declining these requests, and many are unaware of medication costs. Interventions to support prescribing decisions should provide the busiest clinicians with up-to-date, specialty-specific evidence and cost information.
Factors Inducing Mated Behavior in Female Hessian Flies (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (1992)

When depleted of seminal fluids after serial matings to a group of females, male Hessian flies were unable to induce the permanent cessation of calling and sexual receptivity and the onset of oviposition in previously unmated females. Females mated by depleted males resumed calling behavior within ≈22 min of mating and did not deposit eggs on the day of mating. Females that resumed calling behavior were quickly mated again when exposed to other males. However, mating with a depleted male did induce females to become temporarily refractory to subsequent mating attempts. Refractory females rejected males by wing-flapping, abdomen arching, walking, or flying off. The factor that permanently induced females to stop calling, remain unreceptive, and begin ovipositing was contained within the male reproductive tract. Virgin females injected with an extract of male abdomens did not resume calling, rejected mating attempts, and deposited a large number of eggs within several hours. Females injected with saline or an extract of male abdomens minus the reproductive tract resumed calling behavior, were receptive to courting males, and deposited few eggs. The mechanical stimulus associated with the act of mating and the chemical stimulus passed to the female during copulation seemed to act sequentially. Females initially responded to a mechanical stimulus by not calling and rejecting mating attempts by males, then responded to a chemical stimulus by continuing to show those behaviors and by ovipositing.
Combined TEM-EDX and XAFS studies of Ti-doped sodium alanate (2004)

In context of investigations of doped sodium alanate as a hydrogen storage material, an investigation combining a TEM-EDX study and XAFS measurements has been carried out on doped sodium alanate, using titanium tetrabutylate (Ti(OBun)4), colloidal titanium nanoparticles (Ti*) or TiCl3 as doping agents. It was found that the dehydrogenated wet-chemically Ti(OBun)4 doped NaAlH4 consists of a crystalline Al and an amorphous NaH phase. The striking result of EDX analyses is that in each case the Ti-dopant is found to be present only in the Al phase. On the other hand, dehydrogenated NaAlH4 doped with Ti* or TiCl3via ball milling is an amorphous material, with diffuse boundaries between Al and NaH phases and a highly uniform distribution of titanium in the Al-phase. Both the use of the ball milling doping method and of Ti* nanoparticles as dopants, are probable reasons for the outstanding kinetics of the Ti* doped material (B. Bogdanović, M. Felderhoff, S. Kaskel, A. Pommerin, K. Schlichte and F. Schüth, Adv. Mater., 2003, 15, 1012; M. Fichtner, O. Fuhr, O. Kircher and J. Röthe, Nanotechnology, 2003, 14, 778). The course of hydrogen dis- and recharging reactions is discussed in light of the present TEM-EDX and the preceding XRD investigations of storage materials. Ti-EXAFS and XANES spectra of Ti-doped NaAlH4 after the doping, after several, and after 100 de- and rehydrogenation cycles are very close to each other. Apparently, after the Ti-doping, a zerovalent Ti species is formed which remains almost unchanged in the course of the cycle test. The XAFS spectra indicate that Ti is largely atomically dispersed in the Al phase, i.e. forms an Al–Ti alloy, thus confirming the earlier hypothesis (V. P. Balema, J. W. Wiench, K. W. M. Dennis, M. Pruski and V. K. Pecharsky, J. Alloys Compd., 2001, 329, 108; E. H. Majzoub and K. J. Gross, J. Alloys Compd., 2003, 356–357, 363) on this matter.
Selective hepatic insulin resistance in a murine model heterozygous for a mitochondrial trifunctional protein defect (2013)

A primary defect in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation causes hepatic insulin resistance selective to hepatic glycogen metabolism that is associated with elevated methylated PP2A-C, but independent of other mechanisms commonly considered responsible for insulin resistance. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;).
Volume-aware extinction mapping (2012)

The simulation of the lighting effects produced by the interaction of participating media with the light contributes to the production of visually compelling effects such as translucence and volumetric shadowing. However, the complex inner structure of participating media requires vast amounts of memory for storage and costly computations for rendering.
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenylalanine Amides Active against <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> and Other Mycobacteria (2023)

<i>N</i>α-2-thiophenoyl-d-phenylalanine-2-morpholinoanilide [MMV688845, Pathogen Box; Medicines for Malaria Venture; IUPAC: (2<i>R</i>)-<i>N</i>-(1-((2-morpholinophenyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide)] is a hit compound, which shows activity against <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> (MIC<sub>90</sub> 6.25-12.5 μM) and other mycobacteria. This work describes derivatization of MMV688845 by introducing a thiomorpholine moiety and the preparation of the corresponding sulfones and sulfoxides. The molecular structures of three analogs are confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Conservation of the essential <i>R</i> configuration during synthesis is proven by chiral HPLC for an exemplary compound. All analogs were characterized in a MIC assay against <i>M. abscessus</i>, <i>Mycobacterium intracellulare</i>, <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>, and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. The sulfone derivatives exhibit lower MIC<sub>90</sub> values (<i>M. abscessus</i>: 0.78 μM), and the sulfoxides show higher aqueous solubility than the hit compound. The most potent derivatives possess bactericidal activity (99% inactivation of <i>M. abscessus</i> at 12.5 μM), while they are not cytotoxic against mammalian cell lines.
Modeling the capacitance-voltage response of In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor structures: Charge quantization and nonparabolic corrections (2010)

The capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristic is calculated for p-type In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures based on a self-consistent Poisson–Schrödinger solution. For strong inversion, charge quantization leads to occupation of the satellite valleys which appears as a sharp increase in the capacitance toward the oxide capacitance. The results indicate that the charge quantization, even in the absence of interface defects (Dit), is a contributing factor to the experimental observation of an almost symmetric C-V response for In0.53Ga0.47As MOS structures. In addition, nonparabolic corrections are shown to enhance the depopulation of the Γ valley, shifting the capacitance increase to lower inversion charge densities.
Estrogen Induction of Cytochrome <i>c</i> Oxidase Subunit III in Rat Hippocampus (1992)

Differential screening of a cDNA library prepared from mRNA of the hippocampus of estrogen-stimulated ovariectomized female rats led to the identification of a single estrogen-induced clone. Analysis of the sequence identified this cDNA as the gene coding for subunit III of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III mRNA levels significantly increased as early as 3 h following the administration of a single dose of hormone. This effect was visible in the hippocampus and in the hypothalamus, but not in the other brain areas examined. Because subunit III of the cytochrome c oxidase is of mitochondrial origin, the mechanism involved in the estrogenic effect is still unknown. The observation that the activity of cytochrome c oxidase can also be induced by estrogens in the hippocampus indicates that this induction may be secondary to the increased expression of the other subunits of cytochrome c oxidase or to the general increase of neuronal activity.