gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitive Determination of D-Amino Acids in Mammals and the Effect of D-Amino-Acid Oxidase Activity on Their Amounts (2005)

The determination of small amounts of D-amino acids in mammalian tissues is still a challenging theme in the separation sciences. In this review, various gas-chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods are discussed including highly selective and sensitive column-switching procedures. Based on these methods, the distributions of D-aspartic acid, D-serine, D-alanine, D-leucine and D-proline have been clarified in the mouse brain. As the regulation mechanisms of D-amino acid amounts in mammals, we focused on the D-amino-acid oxidase, which catalyzes the degradation of D-amino acids. Using the mutant mouse strain lacking D-amino-acid oxidase activity, the effects of the enzymatic activity on the amounts and distributions of various D-amino acids have been investigated.
Serum amyloid A opposes lipoxin A<sub>4</sub>to mediate glucocorticoid refractory lung inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will soon be the third most common cause of death globally. Despite smoking cessation, neutrophilic mucosal inflammation persistently damages the airways and fails to protect from recurrent infections. This maladaptive and excess inflammation is also refractory to glucocorticosteroids (GC). Here, we identify serum amyloid A (SAA) as a candidate mediator of GC refractory inflammation in COPD. Extrahepatic SAA was detected locally in COPD bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which correlated with IL-8 and neutrophil elastase, consistent with neutrophil recruitment and activation. Immunohistochemistry detected SAA was in close proximity to airway epithelium, and in vitro SAA triggered release of IL-8 and other proinflammatory mediators by airway epithelial cells in an ALX/FPR2 (formyl peptide receptor 2) receptor-dependent manner. Lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) can also interact with ALX/FPR2 receptors and lead to allosteric inhibition of SAA-initiated epithelial responses (pA(2) 13 nM). During acute exacerbation, peripheral blood SAA levels increased dramatically and were disproportionately increased relative to LXA(4). Human lung macrophages (CD68(+)) colocalized with SAA and GCs markedly increased SAA in vitro (THP-1, pEC(50) 43 nM). To determine its direct actions, SAA was administered into murine lung, leading to induction of CXC chemokine ligand 1/2 and a neutrophilic response that was inhibited by 15-epi-LXA(4) but not dexamethasone. Taken together, these findings identify SAA as a therapeutic target for inhibition and implicate SAA as a mediator of GC-resistant lung inflammation that can overwhelm organ protective signaling by lipoxins at ALX/FPR2 receptors.
Synthese de precurseurs moleculaires de la ceramique nitrure de bore isotopiquements enrichis ou non en azote quinze (1999)

Ce travail se place a l'interface chimie-materiaux et a ete entrepris dans le but d'elucider les mecanismes regissant les reactions mises en jeu a tous les stades de l'elaboration d'un materiau, du monomere a la ceramique et d'avoir une meilleure connaissance de la structure des precurseurs polymeriques. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes interesses a l'etude mecanistique de la formation de la borazine b 3n 3h 6 par thermolyse du complexe nh 3. Bh 3. La thermolyse des complexes nd 3. Bh 3 et nh 3. Bd 3 a montre qu'un scrambling de deuterium dans les deux sens avait lieu. Grace a une etude sur des molecules modeles, nous avons propose un mecanisme de formation de la borazine. La seconde partie rapporte la synthese de produits enrichis de 10% en 1 5n tel que le complexe amine-borane et la borazine. Cet enrichissement permet d'acceder aux spectres rmn 1 5n solide et liquide dans de tres bonnes conditions. La troisieme partie rapporte les travaux concernant l'acces a des polymeres enrichis en 1 5n soit de type sneddon soit obtenus par ammonolyse, ainsi que de leurs caracterisations par rmn en phase liquide et solide. La rmn 1 5n permet de mettre en evidence la complexite de la structure de ces deux polymeres. Une structure elaboree sur la base des etudes par rmn 1 5n a ete proposee. Les mecanismes de formation de ces polymeres ont ete approfondis. La derniere partie est consacree a l'etude de la pyrolyse des polymeres de sneddon et de vaultier par rmn du solide (collaboration avec f. Babonneau, universite de paris 6). La synthese de nouveaux precurseurs de nitrure de bore par copolymerisation de la borazine b 3n 3h 6 et d'alkylaminoborazines a ete realisee. La pyrolyse de ces copolymeres conduit a du bn turbostratique dont le taux de carbone depend de la nature du copolymere utilise. Suivant leur origine, les ceramiques obtenues ont une morphologie differente. Dans certains cas, des mousses sont obtenues qui pourraient etre utilisees comme adsorbeurs de gaz.
Efficient Circular Polarized Metamaterial RF Energy Harvester for Wi-Fi Applications (2022)

A new metamaterial based, circular polarized electromagnetic energy harvester is presented in this work. The structure, which is multilayer and utilises the well-known to the literature geometry of the spiral split ring resonator, operates at the Wi-Fi frequency band. Based on full electromagnetic analysis, the proposed harvester presents high efficiency (i.e., greater than 90%), adequate angle insensitivity (i.e., 44 deg.) and it is capable of absorbing circular polarised plane waves.
Modulating Chromium Containing Leather Wastes into Improved Composite Sheets Using Polydimethylsiloxane (2011)

Huge quantities of chrome-tanned leather wastes are produced every year from leather, footwear and clothing related industries. Many attempts have been made to reuse them in the form of boards, sheets, composites, etc. However, most of those methods have deficiencies such as low flexibility, cost effectiveness, non-eco-friendly, stringent process control and unacceptable properties. Our current work relies on an alternate method of reusing these wastes to form composite sheets with desirable characteristics. The waste chrome shavings were partially hydrolyzed and made into composite sheets using an eco-friendly polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The sheets were characterized for their mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. The tensile and thermal properties of composite sheets increase gradually upon increase in PDMS concentration up to 20 wt.% followed by an abrupt decrease when the PDMS concentration increased further to 30 and 40 wt.%. The softness of sheets has an inverse relationship with tensile stress and directly proportional to the elongation values. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis of composite sheets revealed the presence of dominant peaks corresponding to amide bands of collagen as well as characteristic bands of PDMS, showing the homogeneity of the developed composite sheets. Thus the developed composite sheets demonstrate potential for numerous applications in footwear, clothing and related industries.
A Porphyrin <i>C</i>-Nucleoside Incorporated into DNA (2002)

[reaction: see text] A free porphyrin coupled on 2-deoxy-D-ribose was synthesized and incorporated into DNA via phosphoramidite chemistry. Substitution at the ends of a 5'-modified self-complementary duplex was found to be thermally and thermodynamically stabilizing. The porphyrin moiety strongly intercalates in the duplex when located near the center, and retains its fluorescence properties in DNA.
A Feasibility Study of Using Google Street View and Computer Vision to Track the Evolution of Urban Accessibility (2018)

Previous work has explored scalable methods to collect data on the accessibility of the built environment by combining manual labeling, computer vision, and online map imagery. In this poster paper, we explore how to extend these methods to track the evolution of urban accessibility over time. Using Google Street View's "time machine" feature, we introduce a three-stage classification framework: (i) manually labeling accessibility problems in one time period; (ii) classifying the labeled image patch into one of five accessibility categories; (iii) localizing the patch in all previous snapshots. Our preliminary results analyzing 1633 Street View images across 376 locations demonstrate feasibility.
Accelerated respiratory-resolved 4D-MRI with separable spatio-temporal neural networks (2023)

Four-dimensional (4D) respiratory-resolved imaging is crucial for managing respiratory motion in radiotherapy, enabling irradiation of highly mobile tumours. However, acquiring high-quality 4D-MRI requires long acquisition (typically &amp;ge;5 minutes) and long iterative reconstructions, limiting treatment efficiency. Recently, deep learning has been proposed to accelerate undersampled MRI reconstruction. However, it has not been established whether deep learning may reconstruct high-quality 4D-MRI from accelerated acquisitions. This work proposes a small deep learning model that exploits the spatio-temporal information present in 4D-MRI, allowing to split the reconstruction into two separated branches, enabling high-quality retrospectively-accelerated 4D-MRI acquired in ~60 seconds and reconstructed in 16 seconds.
Sub-100 micron pitch stencil printing for wafer scale bumping (2005)

This paper presents recent work on solder paste printing for wafer-level bumping at sub 100mum pitch using Pb-free solder paste with IPC type-6 (15-5mum) particle size distributions. Consistent sized paste deposits have been produced onto wafers at such a pitch using stencil printing. Furthermore, a stencil printing evaluation has determined the impact that the print parameters have on the reproducibility of the deposits. With the reduction of pitch and aperture size, large volumes of paste are required during reflowing of the fine particle solder paste to allow sufficient stand-off between the flip chip device and substrate. This volume of pastes affects also the print consistency and uniformity of the bumps generated. Printing defects from a large number of printing trials have been examined statistically for several bump geometries. The best print parameters were then used to print paste deposits onto wafers containing bond pads for reflow. Stencil printing process at ultra fine pitch demands refinements to both solder paste design and stencil manufacturing technology. Advancements in stencil fabrication methods have produced 'state-of-the-art' stencils exhibiting highly defined shaped apertures with smooth walls at ultra fine pitch, thus allowing for improved solder paste release at very small pitch and aperture size dimensions. The engineering of the paste rheology in terms of shear thinning, tackiness and visco-elastic properties was carried out by varying the metal content and flux type. The design of new paste material has also be conducted alongside a design of experiments to adjust printing parameters such as printing speed, pressure, print gap and separation speed to allow for a practical process window
<i>IL6</i>−174 G/C Promoter Polymorphism Influences Susceptibility to Mucosal but Not Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Brazil (2006)

BackgroundMucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is associated with exaggerated tumor necrosis factor–α and interferon-γ responses and tissue destruction. ML follows localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis infection. Interleukin (IL)–6 down-regulates T helper (Th) cell type 1 differentiation and drives Th2 cell differentiation. The IL6 −174 G/C polymorphism is associated with proinflammatory diseases and IL-6 regulation MethodsThe −174 G/C polymorphism was genotyped in population samples and families with CL and ML from Brazil. Genotype frequencies were compared among patients with ML, patients with CL, and 2 control groups by logistic regression and family-based association test (FBAT) analysis. IL-6 levels were measured in macrophages ResultsThe C allele was more common in patients with ML than in patients with CL (odds ratio [OR], 2.55 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.32–4.91]; P=.005), than in patients who were leishmanin skin-test positive (OR, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.23–4.05]; P=.009), and than in neighborhood control subjects (OR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.24–4.90]; P=.01). FBAT analysis confirmed an association between allele C and ML under both additive (z=4.295; P=.000017) and dominant (z=4.325; P=.000015) models. Significantly lower levels of IL-6 were measured in unstimulated macrophages from CC individuals than from GG individuals (P=.003) as well as after stimulation with soluble leishmania antigen (P=.009) ConclusionsIL-6 may regulate type 1 proinflammatory responses, putting individuals with low macrophage IL-6 levels at increased risk for ML.
Kinematic Representations of Pop-Up Paper Mechanisms (2009)

Pop-up paper mechanisms use techniques similar to the well-studied paper folding techniques of origami. However, pop-ups differ in both the manner of construction and the target uses, warranting further study. This paper outlines the use of planar and spherical kinematics to model commonly used pop-up paper mechanisms. A survey of common joint types is given, including folds, interlocking slots, bends, pivots, sliders, and rotating sliders. Also included is an overview of common one-piece and layered mechanisms, including single-slit, double-slit, V-fold, tent, tube strap, and arch mechanisms. Each mechanism or joint is shown using both a paper representation and either a rigid-body or pseudo-rigid-body representation. In addition, this paper shows that more complex mechanisms may be created by combining simple mechanisms in various ways. The principles presented are applied to the creation of new pop-up joints and mechanisms. The new mechanisms employ both spherical and spatial kinematic chains. Understanding pop-up mechanism kinematics could lead to new applications in deployable structures, packaging, and instruments for minimally invasive surgery.
The Design of G-quadruplex Ligands as Telomerase Inhibitors (2003)

Guanine-rich repetitive DNA sequences are of particular importance at the ends of chromosomes, where they are associated with a number of proteins to form telomeres. Their function is in large part to protect chromosomal ends from unwanted degradation and chromosomal fusions, although in normal somatic cells telomeres progressively shorten, eventually becoming non-proliferating and consequently these cells have a finite lifetime. By contrast tumour cell telomeres are maintained in length so that tumour cells are effectively immortalised. The reverse transcriptase enzyme telomerase is activated in over 80% of tumour cells, and it undertakes the synthesis of further telomeric DNA repeats, so directly maintaining telomeres. The inhibition of telomerase leads to the senescence and eventual apoptosis of tumour cells, and thus telomerase is an attractive target for selective chemotherapy. This review describes an approach to the inhibition of telomerase that involves the folding of telomeric DNA into a four-stranded quadruplex structure, held together by Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonded arrays of guanine bases. The formation of a quadruplex structure at the 3' end of telomeric DNA effectively hinders telomerase from adding further repeats. A number of small-molecule ligands are described that stabilise quadruplex formation, and which result in telomerase inhibition. Implications for anti-tumour therapy with such molecules are discussed, and the particular challenges and problems discussed.
Des outils informatiques de gestion de connaissance au service du projet TATABOX (2014)

International audience
Analysis of advanced meter infrastructure data of water consumption in apartment buildings (2013)

We present our experience of using machine learning techniques over data originating from advanced meter infrastructure (AMI) systems for water consumption in a medium-size city. We focus on two new use cases that are of special importance to city authorities. One use case is the automatic identification of malfunctioning meters, with a focus on distinguishing them from legitimate non-consumption such as during periods when the household residents are on vacation. The other use case is the identification of leaks or theft in the unmetered common areas of apartment buildings. These two use cases are highly important to city authorities both because of the lost revenue they imply and because of the hassle to the residents in cases of delayed identification. Both cases are inherently complex to analyze and require advanced data mining techniques in order to achieve high levels of correct identification. Our results provide for faster and more accurate detection of malfunctioning meters as well as leaks in the common areas. This results in significant tangible value to the authorities in terms of increase in technician efficiency and a decrease in the amount of wasted, non-revenue, water.
Cooled particle accelerator target (2023)

A novel particle beam target comprising: a rotating target disc mounted on a retainer and thermally coupled to a first array of spaced-apart parallel plate fins that extend radially inwardly from the retainer and mesh without physical contact with a second array of spaced-apart parallel plate fins that extend radially outwardly from and are thermally coupled to a cooling mechanism capable of removing heat from said second array of spaced-apart fins and located within the first array of spaced-apart parallel fins. Radiant thermal exchange between the two arrays of parallel plate fins provides removal of heat from the rotating disc. A method of cooling the rotating target is also described.
Diacylfuroxans Are Masked Nitrile Oxides That Inhibit GPX4 Covalently (2019)

GPX4 represents a promising yet difficult-to-drug therapeutic target for the treatment of, among others, drug-resistant cancers. While most GPX4 inhibitors rely on a chloroacetamide moiety to modify covalently the protein’s catalytic selenocysteine residue, the discovery and mechanistic elucidation of structurally diverse GPX4-inhibiting molecules has uncovered novel electrophilic warheads that bind and inhibit GPX4. Here we report our discovery that diacylfuroxans can act as masked nitrile oxides that inhibit GPX4 covalently. These observations illuminate a novel molecular mechanism of action for biologically active furoxans and also suggest that nitrile oxides may be uniquely suited to targeting GPX4.
Migration velocity analysis from locally coherent events in 2-D laterally heterogeneous media, Part I: Theoretical aspects (2002)

Abstract We present a new method based on migration velocity analysis (MVA) to estimate 2-D velocity models from seismic reflection data with no assumption on reflector geometry or the background velocity field. Classical approaches using picking on common image gathers (CIGs) must consider continuous events over the whole panel. This interpretive step may be difficult—particularly for applications on real data sets. We propose to overcome the limiting factor by considering locally coherent events. A locally coherent event can be defined whenever the imaged reflectivity locally shows lateral coherency at some location in the image cube. In the prestack depth-migrated volume obtained for an a priori velocity model, locally coherent events are picked automatically, without interpretation, and are characterized by their positions and slopes (tangent to the event). Even a single locally coherent event has information on the unknown velocity model, carried by the value of the slope measured in the CIG. The velocity is estimated by minimizing these slopes. We first introduce the cost function and explain its physical meaning. The theoretical developments lead to two equivalent expressions of the cost function: one formulated in the depth-migrated domain on locally coherent events in CIGs and the other in the time domain. We thus establish direct links between different methods devoted to velocity estimation: migration velocity analysis using locally coherent events and slope tomography. We finally explain how to compute the gradient of the cost function using paraxial ray tracing to update the velocity model. Our method provides smooth, inverted velocity models consistent with Kirchhoff-type migration schemes and requires neither the introduction of interfaces nor the interpretation of continuous events. As for most automatic velocity analysis methods, careful preprocessing must be applied to remove coherent noise such as multiples.
Information technology and the smart grid - A pathway to conserve energy in buildings (2013)

Through combining Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), advanced instrumentation, system intelligence, and information on the end user, the smart grid will increase building energy efficiency and conservation. Demand Side Management (DSM) programs serve as an aid in energy conservation and management strategies as well as in the collection of real-time consumption information data. Specifically, as proposed in this paper, real-time, fine-grain consumption data at the point of use in buildings can be used by building energy managers, utilities, and the end user for planning, load forecasting, and feedback for providing information that may lead to end user behavior change. This paper focuses on the development of node-level very short time load forecasting (NL-VSTLF), and specifically on a framework for the utilization of real-time data at the point of use for advancing research in the area of building-very short term load forecasting. This proposed framework will be the foundation for variable one minute to hourly and daily load forecasting using an aggregate of all active nodes in real-time.
Serum levels of the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor in individuals exposed to arsenic in drinking water in Bangladesh (2007)

Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent mechanisms have been implicated in growth signal transduction pathways that contribute to cancer development, including dermal carcinogenesis. Detection of the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR ECD) in serum has been suggested as a potential biomarker for monitoring this effect in vivo. Arsenic is a known human carcinogen, producing skin and other malignancies in populations exposed through their drinking water. One such exposed population, which we have been studying for a number of years, is in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to examine the EGFR ECD as a potential biomarker of arsenic exposure and/or effect in this population. Levels of the EGFR ECD were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serum samples from 574 individuals with a range of arsenic exposures from drinking water in the Araihazar area of Bangladesh. In multiple regression analysis, serum EGFR ECD was found to be positively associated with three different measures of arsenic exposure (well water arsenic, urinary arsenic and a cumulative arsenic index) at statistically significant levels (p<or=0.034), and this association was strongest among the individuals with arsenic-induced skin lesions (p <or= 0.002). When the study subjects were stratified in tertiles of serum EGFR ECD levels, the risk of skin lesions increased progressively for each increase in all three arsenic measures (also stratified in tertiles) and this increasing risk became more pronounced among subjects within the highest tertile of EGFR ECD levels. These results suggest that serum EGFR ECD levels may be a potential biomarker of effect of arsenic exposure and may indicate those exposed individuals at greatest risk for the development of arsenic-induced skin lesions.