gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rolling‐Contact Fatigue and Wear of CVD‐SiC with Residual Surface Compression (1995)

The rolling‐contact fatigue life and wear of CVD‐SiC coatings with surface compression were studied using a three‐ ball‐on‐rod rolling‐contact fatigue (RCF) tester. Two levels of surface compression in the coatings, approximately 190 μm thick, were introduced by using substrates of a liquid‐phase sintered SiC and a SiC‐30 vol% TiC to obtain desired thermal‐expansion mismatches with the CVD‐SiC. Residual surface compressions of 250 and 680 MPa were measured in the CVD‐SiC coatings on SiC and SiC‐30 vol% TiC substrates, respectively, by a strain‐gage technique. In the RCF test, the fatigue life of the CVD‐SiC coating with the moderate surface compression was limited by severe wear by a brittle fracture mechanism at a Hertzian contact stress of 5.5 GPa. The CVD‐SiC coating on the SiC‐30 vol% TiC composite, on the other hand, did not show measurable wear. A majority of the tests (11 out of 16) were suspended at 100 h or stopped due to failure of the steel balls. Five tests stopped due to spalling of the CVD‐SiC coating at weak interfaces 10 to 15 μm below the contact surface. Examination of the microstructure of the CVD‐SiC coating in cross sections revealed that the weak interfaces that led to the spalling were related to discontinuous growth of the CVD‐SiC in the form of nodules or growth regions. Elimination of these defective structures is likely to enhance the tribological performance of surface‐toughened CVD‐SiC.
Use of Multifidelity Training Data and Transfer Learning for Efficient Construction of Subsurface Flow Surrogate Models (2022)

Data assimilation presents computational challenges because many high-fidelity models must be simulated. Various deep-learning-based surrogate modeling techniques have been developed to reduce the simulation costs associated with these applications. However, to construct data-driven surrogate models, several thousand high-fidelity simulation runs may be required to provide training samples, and these computations can make training prohibitively expensive. To address this issue, in this work we present a framework where most of the training simulations are performed on coarsened geomodels. These models are constructed using a flow-based upscaling method. The framework entails the use of a transfer-learning procedure, incorporated within an existing recurrent residual U-Net architecture, in which network training is accomplished in three steps. In the first step. where the bulk of the training is performed, only low-fidelity simulation results are used. The second and third steps, in which the output layer is trained and the overall network is fine-tuned, require a relatively small number of high-fidelity simulations. Here we use 2500 low-fidelity runs and 200 high-fidelity runs, which leads to about a 90% reduction in training simulation costs. The method is applied for two-phase subsurface flow in 3D channelized systems, with flow driven by wells. The surrogate model trained with multifidelity data is shown to be nearly as accurate as a reference surrogate trained with only high-fidelity data in predicting dynamic pressure and saturation fields in new geomodels. Importantly, the network provides results that are significantly more accurate than the low-fidelity simulations used for most of the training. The multifidelity surrogate is also applied for history matching using an ensemble-based procedure, where accuracy relative to reference results is again demonstrated.
Mechanical characterization of bone anchors used with a bone-attached, parallel robot for skull surgery (2015)

Bone-attached robots and microstereotactic frames, intended for deep brain stimulation and minimally invasive cochlear implantation, typically attach to a patient's skull via bone anchors. A rigid and reliable link between such devices and the skull is mandatory in order to fulfill the high accuracy demands of minimally invasive procedures while maintaining patient safety. In this paper, a method is presented to experimentally characterize the mechanical properties of the anchor-bone linkage. A custom-built universal testing machine is used to measure the pullout strength as well as the spring constants of bone anchors seated in four different bone substitutes as well as in human cranial bone. Furthermore, the angles at which forces act on the bone anchors are varied to simulate realistic conditions. Based on the experimental results, a substitute material that has mechanical properties similar to those of cranial bone is identified. The results further reveal that the pullout strength of the investigated anchor design is sufficient with respect to the proposed application. However, both the measured load capacity as well as the spring constants vary depending on the load angles. Based on these findings, an alternative bone anchor design is presented and experimentally validated. Furthermore, the results serve as a basis for stiffness simulation and optimization of bone-attached microstereotactic frames.
Activating the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis Using BIM BH3 Peptides Delivered by Peptide Amphiphiles with Endosomal Release (2019)

Therapeutic manipulation of the BCL-2 family using BH3 mimetics is an emerging paradigm in cancer treatment and immune modulation. For example, peptides mimicking the BIM BH3 helix can directly target the full complement of anti- and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins to trigger apoptosis. This study has incorporated the potent BH3 α-helical death domain of BIM into peptide amphiphile (PA) nanostructures designed to facilitate cellular uptake and induce cell death. This study shows that these PA nanostructures are quickly incorporated into cells, are able to specifically bind BCL-2 proteins, are stable at physiologic temperatures and pH, and induce dose-dependent apoptosis in cells. The incorporation of a cathepsin B cleavable linker between the BIM BH3 peptide and the hydrophobic tail resulted in increased intracellular accumulation and mitochondrial co-localization of the BIM BH3 peptide while also improving BCL-2 family member binding and apoptotic reactivation. This PA platform represents a promising new strategy for intracellular therapeutic peptide delivery for the disruption of intracellular protein:protein interactions.
High-speed Slotless Permanent Magnet Machines: modelling and design frameworks (2018)

This paper presents a design framework for high-speed slotless permanent magnet machines based on extended harmonic modeling (HM) technique to predict various electromagnetic properties and torque distribution. The developed models for generic design framework are able to evaluate slotless PM machines' topologies with a wide range of 3D slotless windings, (including those with skewing), and can be also used for future design optimization routines.
Overexpression of nicastrin increases Aß production (2003)

Gamma-secretase cleavage is the final proteolytic step that releases the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) from the amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP). Significant evidence indicates that the presenilins (PS) are catalytic components of a high molecular weight gamma-secretase complex. The glycoprotein nicastrin was recently identified as a functional unit of this complex based on 1) binding to PS and 2) the ability to modulate Abeta production following mutation of a conserved DYIGS region. In contrast to the initial report, we find that overexpression of wild-type (WT) nicastrin increases Abeta production, whereas DYIGS mutations (MT) have little or no effect. The increase in Abeta production is associated with an increase in gamma-secretase activity but not with a detectable increase in PS1 levels. Subcellular fractionation studies show that WT but not MT nicastrin matures into buoyant membrane fractions enriched in gamma-secretase activity. These data support the hypothesis that nicastrin is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex. The finding that WT nicastrin overexpression can increase gamma-secretase activity without altering levels of the presumed catalytic component (PS) of the enzyme may point to a role for nicastrin in facilitating cleavage by regulating substrate interactions with the gamma-secretase complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Activity Relationships Among a New Class of Antiviral Heterosubstituted 2′,3′‐Dideoxynucleoside Analogues. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robust Winners and Winner Determination Policies under Candidate Uncertainty (2014)

We consider voting situations in which some candidates may turn out to be unavailable. When determining availability is costly (e.g., in terms of money, time, or computation), voting prior to determining candidate availability and testing the winner's availability after the vote may be beneficial. However, since few voting rules are robust to candidate deletion, winner determination requires a number of such availability tests. We outline a model for analyzing such problems, defining robust winners relative to potential candidate unavailability. We assess the complexity of computing robust winners for several voting rules. Assuming a distribution over availability, and costs for availability tests/queries, we describe algorithms for computing optimal query policies, which minimize the expected cost of determining true winners.
Impact of electron ionization on the generation of high-order harmonics from molecules (2003)

When the laser frequency is tuned to be equal to the molecular electronic excitation, high-order harmonics are generated due to the electronic dipole transitions between the corresponding two potential-energy surfaces (PES). A natural, often taken, choice is the PES of the field-free molecular system. In this special choice the ionization phenomenon is not considered. Only the effect of the dissociation is considered. The method we developed enables one to remain within the framework of the 2-PES approximation and yet to include also the ionization effect in the calculations of molecular high-order harmonic generation spectra. In this approach the coupling between the electronic and nuclear motions is taken into consideration by using coupled complex adiabatic PES. As an illustrative numerical example, we calculated the high harmonic generation (HHG) spectra of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ in a 730-nm laser with the intensity of $8.77\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}{\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}.$ The inclusion of the ionization in our approach not only enables the electrons to tunnel through the effective static potential barrier, but also apply an asymmetric force which accelerates the electron before ionization takes place. Therefore, indirectly the inclusion of the ionization by the laser field may lead eventually to an enhanced HHG spectra in comparison with the calculated one when the ``natural'' choice of the field-free 2PES is taken.
Phase-specific modulation of cortical excitability using closed-loop TMS-EEG (2021)

Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is able to activate neurons in the motor cortex non-invasively. As such, TMS can be a useful method to promote recovery of motor disorders, for example after stroke. However, due to neurophysiological variability TMS effects differ between and within participants. Phase of motor cortex-related neural oscillations contributes to variability. In this double-blind study, we investigate the role of brain oscillation phase of the motor cortex Mu (8-13 Hz) and Beta (14-30 Hz) rhythm. For this we used a novel closed-loop TMS-electroencephalogram (EEG) system. Phase-specific TMS with our closed-loop system is achieved in two steps. First, during the training phase, specific individual Mu and Beta frequency is determined in a three-minute resting-state EEG. Second, phase-specific TMS-EEG is applied concurrently by real-time read out and analysis of EEG oscillation phase. Phase information is forwarded to the TMS and phase-specific pulses are applied. Cortical excitability is tested by measuring the motor-evoked potential (MEP) of the first dorsal interossei (FDI) muscle, at different phases of the Mu and Beta oscillation. Four phases are being explored: the peak, trough, rising-phase, and falling phase. We hypothesized phase-dependent MEP amplitude modulations for both Mu and Beta rhythms. Preliminary results (n=4) showed that normalized MEPs were largest at the Mu rising phase (1.024 ± 0.018 mV) and smallest at the Mu falling phase (0.938 ± 0.030 mV). In contrast, analyzing MEPs during Beta oscillations revealed that MEPs were largest at the falling phase (1.032 ± 0.016 mV), and smallest at the trough (0.964 ± 0.015 mV). From these data the tentative conclusion can be reached that MEP amplitude modulation is both phase- and frequency-specific, with opposing results for the Mu and Beta rhythm. Our results imply modulation of motor cortex activity may be optimal when phase is considered. Keywords: Closed-loop TMS, Motor cortex, Oscillations, Oscillation phase
PCPP-Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) sF Subunit Vaccine: Self-Assembled Supramolecular Complexes Enable Enhanced Immunogenicity and Protection (2017)

PCPP, a well-defined polyphosphazene macromolecule, has been studied as an immunoadjuvant for a soluble form of the postfusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV sF), which is an attractive vaccine candidate for inducing RSV-specific immunity in mice and humans. We demonstrate that RSV sF-PCPP formulations induce high neutralization titers to RSV comparable to alum formulations even at a low PCPP dose and protect animals against viral challenge both in the lung and in the upper respiratory tract. PCPP formulations were also characterized by Th1-biased responses, compared to Th2-biased responses that are more typical for RSV sF alone or RSV sF-alum formulations, suggesting an inherent immunostimulating activity of the polyphosphazene adjuvant. We defined these immunologically active RSV sF-PCPP formulations as self-assembled water-soluble protein-polymer complexes with distinct physicochemical parameters. The secondary structure and antigenicity of the protein in the complex were fully preserved during the spontaneous aqueous self-assembly process. These findings further advance the concept of polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants as unique dual-functionality adjuvants integrating delivery and immunostimulating modalities in one water-soluble molecule.
Supplemental Figure S2 from Mechanisms of Resistance to EGFR Inhibition Reveal Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Human GBM (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S2 shows that DEAB inhibits erlotinib-induced invasion and ALDH1A1 expression in parental CSCs.&lt;/p&gt;
Exacerbation of Copper Toxicity in Primary Neuronal Cultures Depleted of Cellular Glutathione (1999)

Perturbations to glutathione (GSH) metabolism may play an important role in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases. A primary function of GSH is to prevent the toxic interaction between free radicals and reactive transition metals such as copper (Cu). Due to the potential role of Cu in neurodegeneration, we examined the effect of GSH depletion on Cu toxicity in murine primary neuronal cultures. Depletion of cellular GSH with L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine resulted in a dramatic potentiation of Cu toxicity in neurons without effect on iron (Fe) toxicity. Similarly, inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) activity with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosurea also increased Cu toxicity in neurons. To determine if the Alzheimer's amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide can affect neuronal resistance to transition metal toxicity, we exposed cultures to nontoxic concentrations of Abeta25-35 in the presence or absence of Cu or Fe. Abeta25-35 pretreatment was found to deplete neuronal GSH and increase GR activity, confirming the ability of Abeta to perturb neuronal GSH homeostasis. Abeta25-35 pretreatment potently increased Cu toxicity but had no effect on Fe toxicity. These studies demonstrate an important role for neuronal GSH homeostasis in selective protection against Cu toxicity, a finding with widespread implications for neurodegenerative disorders.
La doctrina ortográfica de Benito de San Pedro y su impugnación por Benito Martínez Gómez Gayoso (1992)

Deux ans avant la publication de la Gramática de la Real Academia Española, apparut à Valencia, l'Arte del romance castellano de Benito de San Pedro (1769). Onze ans après, en 1780, un autre grammairien, Benito Martínez Gómez Gayoso publia à Madrid ses Conversaciones críticas contre l'Arte. Dans un des chapitres de ces Conversaciones, Gayoso accusait San Pedro d'avoir copié la Ortografía Española d'Antonio Bordazar (1728), et d'avoir reproduit quelques fragments des Reglas de Orthographia de Nebrija (1517) et des Reflecciones que Gregorio Mayans avait publié avec son édition des Reglas du maître sévillan (1735). La confrontation de la doctrine orthographique de Benito de San Pedro, avec celles que ces autres auteurs avaient exposées, dément quelques-unes des accusations de Gayoso, et, en outre, elle permet de situer ses critiques dans la perspective d'une ancienne dispute des deux des groupes qui ont fait de l''Ilustración espagnole un monde complexe.
Gene therapy for prostate cancer by targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. (2002)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has strong affinity for DNA strand breaks and cycles on and off the DNA ends to allow DNA repair. A DNA-binding domain of PARP (PARP-DBD) acts as a dominant-negative mutant by binding to DNA strand breaks irreversibly and sensitizing mammalian cells to DNA-damaging agents. Therefore, expression of PARP-DBD in prostate carcinoma cells offers a strategy to achieve sensitization to genotoxic treatments. Toward this end, we developed recombinant plasmids expressing the PARP-DBD under the control of the 5'-flanking sequences of the human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene. Tissue specificity of PARP-DBD expression in human tumor cells was confirmed using the PSA-producing (LNCaP) and PSA-negative (PC-3) prostate cancer cells, as well as cells of nonprostate origin, Ewing's sarcoma (A4573 cells). LNCaP cells stably transfected with the PSA-regulated cDNA for PARP-DBD exhibit an androgen-dependent induction of PARP-DBD expression as determined by Western blotting, reverse transcription-PCR, and in situ immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we found that PARP-DBD sensitized LNCaP cells to DNA-damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation and etoposide. Androgen (R1881) -dependent stimulation of PARP-DBD expression resulted in a 2-fold growth inhibition in LNCaP cells as compared with controls, and an augmented apoptotic cell death in response to ionizing radiation or etoposide. Taken together, the plasmid vector developed in this study permits the expression of the human PARP-DBD in an androgen-inducible and PSA-dependent fashion, and sensitizes prostatic adenocarcinoma cells to DNA-damaging treatments. These results provide proof-of-principle for a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
The Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment (2015)

Health care conversion foundations, such as the Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment (the endowment) at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), result from the conversion of nonprofit health organizations to for-profit corporations. Over the past several decades, nearly 200 of these foundations have been created, and they have had a substantial impact on the field of health philanthropy. The MCW was a recipient of funds resulting from Blue Cross & Blue Shield United of Wisconsin's conversion from a nonprofit to a for-profit status in 1999. Established in 2004, the endowment has invested approximately $185 million in 337 research, education, and public and community health initiatives that benefit Wisconsin residents. However, the transformative potential of the health care conversion foundation has extended well beyond the opportunities provided through the endowment's financial resources. As the endowment celebrates its 10th anniversary, the authors describe the transformative nature of the endowment, as well as significant accomplishments and lessons learned, in the following areas: shared power, community partnerships, translational research, and integration of medicine and public health. It is the authors' hope that these lessons will be valuable to other medical schools and the communities they serve, as they invest in improving the health of their communities, irrespective of the funding source.
Reliability and validity of Leicester Cough Questionnaire Korean version (2014)

The Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) is a self-administered questionnaire developed in England and validated for reliability. We developed a Korean translation of this questionnaire by applying a sequential forward and backward translation approach. The purpose of this study is to validate the Korean version of the LCQ (LCQ-K) in Korean patients with chronic cough. A multicenter prospective study was undertaken with 100 chronic cough patients who consented to participate in the study. The LCQ-K includes eight physical items, seven psychological items, and four social items. Visual analog scale (VAS) of cough, Borg Cough Scale (BCS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) were used as external comparators. Participants included 52 women and 48 men with ages ranging from 18 years to 69 years. The concurrent validity comparing LCQ-K to VAS, BCS, and SF-36 yielded statistically significant Pearson correlation coefficients. The LCQ-K showed good reliability in three domains, with Cronbach's α coefficients ranging from 0.84 to 0.87 (total: 0.91). Test-retest reliability was investigated with single measure intraclass correlation coefficients, which were found to be practically and statistically significant (p = 0.005). Responsiveness was validated by effective size ranging from 1.16 to 1.40 in each domain. LCQ-K is a reliable, valid, and responsive disease-specific questionnaire for assessing symptoms and quality of life of Korean patients with chronic cough.
Table S2 from Dynamic Epigenetic Regulation by Menin During Pancreatic Islet Tumor Formation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2. H3K4me3 Peaks in Men1 KO islets&lt;/p&gt;