gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid space vector PWM strategy for three-level NPC inverters with optimal extension mode (2014)

Neutral-point (NP) voltage oscillation amplitude, THD of output voltage and the switching frequency of the inverter are the three key performance indices in three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter. Every element connects with each other and restricts each other, which indicates that to keep the three key performance indices balanced is the research focus of the modulation strategy for three-level NPC inverter. Hybrid space vector PWM strategy, which is proposed in this paper, combines NV and non-NV, synthesizes the advantages of the two methods, reduces NP low-frequency oscillation and also decreases switching frequency and output voltage THD. Taking NTV (the most typical method of NV) and NTV (the most typical method of non-NV) as examples, A new hybrid SVPWM method, based on the NP current maximum minimum (MM) method is proposed in this paper. This new hybrid space vector PWM method applies NTV to uncontrolled balancing area and minimizes the switching frequency and THD of output voltage within the range of the allowable NP oscillation amplitude. Meanwhile, the impact on the output voltage produced by NP oscillation is researched in this paper. The experimental results show the validity of the proposed strategy.
Signal generation mechanisms, intracavity-gas thermal-diffusivity temperature dependence, and absolute infrared emissivity measurements in a thermal-wave resonant cavity (1998)

The operating thermal power transfer mechanisms in a thermal-wave resonant cavity were explored theoretically and experimentally. Both steady-state ac (thermal-wave) and dc temperature rise were considered, and conduction and radiation heat transfer modes were found to co-exist in the cavity. By introducing controlled variable offset dc resistive heating superposed on the fixed-amplitude thermal-wave oscillation, it was also found that the thermal-diffusivity values of the intracavity gas can vary sensitively as a function of the dc temperature rise within a thin boundary layer adjacent to the cavity thermal source (a metallic Cr–Ni alloy strip). This resulted in the measurement of the temperature dependence of the thermal diffusivity of air. Furthermore, the observed dominance of thermal-wave radiation power transfer in the phase channel of the thermal-wave signal at large cavity lengths allowed the measurement of the absolute infrared emissivity of the thin Cr–Ni strip source material: ε=0.091±0.004.
Supporting customer driven eco-solutions - implementing ecodesign in the daily work of product developers (2003)

The paper presents the latest development of new modules for the Design for Environment tool ECODESIGN PILOT. It shows how elements from QFD and from the TRIZ methodology can be combined with the ECODESIGN PILOT to create a powerful and easy to use approach for aiming at environmental innovative products which meet customers demands. A practical example is given to demonstrate the stepwise procedure.
Seamless LTE connectivity in high‐speed trains (2015)

Abstract High‐speed train (HST) is revitalizing the train as a preferred mid‐range transportation system. The provision of broadband Internet connectivity onboard trains is one of the key challenges in the competition among train operators. Unprecedented spectral efficiency and data rates (up to 100Mbps in high mobility) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System long‐term evolution (LTE) are expected to offer the solution for high‐speed Internet access onboard in HSTs. Massive wireless access and frequent handovers (HOs) of a large number of users might potentially cause service interruptions, and this, in turn, degrades intolerably the quality of experience (QoE) of users' onboard Internet access. In this paper, we propose a solution based on distributed antenna system that combines directional and omni‐directional antennas as train‐to‐ground radio‐access terminals (T‐RATs) and LTE femtocells in each carriage. Directional antennas are deployed at both ends of the HST to provide multi‐cell access by diversifying the HOs over multiple LTE cells. This mechanism virtually elongates the train size by connecting the front and rear carriages' T‐RATs to the faraway eNodeBs and augmenting the number of cells the HST can be simultaneously connected to. An ad hoc distributed load‐balancing mechanism that consists in offloading backlogged packets to the on‐service T‐RATs is mandatorily paired with multi‐cell access scheme to tie up with the request of seamless onboard Internet service at high QoE level. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Supplementary Figure Legends from ΔNp63α Silences a miRNA Program to Aberrantly Initiate a Wound-Healing Program That Promotes TGFβ-Induced Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legend for Supplementary Figures S1-S6&lt;/p&gt;
Increased Oxidative Stress in Experimental Renovascular Hypertension (2001)

The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for maintenance of chronic renovascular hypertension remain undefined. Excess angiotensin II generation may lead to release of reactive oxygen species and increased vasoconstrictor activity. To examine the potential involvement of oxidation-sensitive mechanisms in the pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension, blood samples were collected and renal blood flow measured with electron-beam computed tomography in pigs 5 and 10 weeks after induction of unilateral renal artery stenosis (n=7) or sham operation (n=7). Five weeks after procedure, plasma renin activity and mean arterial pressure were elevated in hypertensive pigs. Levels of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF(2alpha))-isoprostanes, vasoconstrictors and markers of oxidative stress, also were significantly increased (157+/-21 versus 99+/-16 pg/mL; P<0.05) and correlated with both plasma renin activity (r=0.83) and arterial pressure (r=0.82). By 10 weeks, plasma renin activity returned to baseline but arterial pressure remained elevated (144+/-10 versus 115+/-5 mm Hg; P:<0.05). Isoprostane levels remained high and still correlated directly with the increase in arterial pressure (r=0.7) but not with plasma renin activity. Stenotic kidney blood flow was decreased at both studies. In shock-frozen cortical tissue, ex vivo endogenous intracellular radical scavengers were significantly decreased in both kidneys. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that in early renovascular hypertension, an increase in plasma renin activity and arterial pressure is associated with increased systemic oxidative stress. When plasma renin activity later declines, PGF(2alpha)-isoprostanes remain elevated, possibly due to local activation or slow responses to angiotensin II, and may participate in sustenance of arterial pressure. Moreover, oxidation-sensitive mechanisms may influence ischemic and hypertensive parenchymal renal injury.
Comparison of New and Legacy TATBs (2008)

Two newly synthesized versions of the insensitive high explosive (IHE) 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) were compared to two legacy explosives currently used by the Department of Energy. Except for thermal analysis, small-scale safety tests could not distinguish between the different synthetic routes. Morphologies of new TATBs were less faceted and more spherical. The particle size distribution of one new material was similar to legacy TATBs, but the other was very fine. Densities and submicron structure of the new TATBs were also significantly different from the legacy explosives and the densities of pressed pellets were lower. Recrystallization of both new TATBs from sulfolane produced nearly hexagonal platelets with improved density and thermal stability.
Characterization and Simulation of Static and Dynamic Loading of a Composite Cruciform (2008)

Static and dynamic tests and analyses have been performed at NASA Langley Research Center on composite cruciform test/structural specimens as part of a building block approach in characterizing the behavior of composite materials for aircraft impact applications. The cruciforms were extracted from the subfloor of a previously tested composite fuselage section developed by Sikorsky for the U.S. Army’s Survivable Affordable Repairable Airframe Program (SARAP) [1]. The composite cruciforms were manufactured using layers of graphite/epoxy unidirectional tape and a thermoplastic resin system in either an in-situ or autoclave environment. To complement the tests, a finite element model of the SARAP test article was provided by Sikorsky. Analysis of extracted SARAP components was performed using the nonlinear transient finite element code LS-DYNA. Standard coupon models were validated using data from test specimens extracted on various locations on the subfloor for both tension and compression. Ply property values were adjusted in the material models for improved prediction of the tensile and compressive behavior of the composite coupons from testing. The calibrated material model was then applied to the cruciform structure for both static and dynamic analyses. The testing and analytical correlation efforts for the cruciform will be discussed in the paper. In addition, these efforts will serve as a guide for future vertical drop tests and analytical simulations to be conducted on a longitudinal subfloor section and a framed fuselage section.
Online temperature estimation for phase change composite - 18650 lithium ion cells based battery pack (2016)

This paper proposes the design of an online temperature estimation technique for a Li-ion battery pack that utilizes phase change composite (PCC™) for thermal management. The phase change composite allows heat absorption and distribution, enabling lightweight and compact packs with extended cycle-life and safety. A coupled electro-thermal model has been developed for the cylindrical 18650 Li-ion cells, from which the cell heat generation is calculated. The electrical equivalent circuit comprises three RC pairs, where their values are functions of temperature and state of charge. An analytical thermal model is developed for the battery pack, considering the phase change composite and cells, which allows online temperature estimation all over the battery pack.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Sesaminone: Confirmation of Its Structure and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fuzzy Rules Optimization in Fuzzy Expert System forMachinability Data Selection: Genetic Algorithms Approach (2001)

Machinability data selection is complex and cannot be easily formulated by any mathematical model to meet design specification. Fuzzy logic is a good approach to solve
such problems. Fuzzy rules optimization is always a problems for a complex fuzzy rules from more than 10 thousand combinations. (Wong et aL 1997) developed fuzzy models for machinability data selection. There are more than 2 x 1029 possible sets of rules for each model. Situation would be more complicated if further increase the number of inputs and/or outputs. The fuzzy rules were selected by trial and error and intuition in
reference (Wong et aL 1997). Genetic optimization is suggested in this paper to further
optimizing the fuzzy rules optimization with genetic algorithms has been developed.
Weighted centroid method is used for output defuzzi fication to save processing time.
Comparisons between the results of the new models and the previously published
literatures are made.
Coherent long-time integration and Bayesian detection with Bernoulli track-before-detect (2023)

&lt;p&gt;We consider the problem of detecting small and manoeuvring objects with staring array radars. Coherent processing and long-time integration are key to addressing the undesirably low signal-to-noise/background conditions in this scenario and are complicated by the object manoeuvres. We propose a Bayesian solution that builds upon a Bernoulli state space model equipped with the likelihood of the radar data cubes through the radar ambiguity function. Likelihood evaluation in this model corresponds to coherent long-time integration. The proposed processing scheme consists of Bernoulli filtering within expectation maximisation iterations that aims at approximately finding complex reflection coefficients. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in a simulation example.&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanical Bridge to Transplantation with the Vienna Heart in TAH and LVAD Configuration (1992)

The Vienna heart uses a vacuum formed, pellethane pulsatile ventricle and is available in left ventricular assist (LVAD) and total artificial heart (TAH) configurations. This device was used as mechanical support of the failing heart in nine patients intended for heart transplantation. In two patients with cardiomyopathy an orthotopic TAH was implanted; one survived despite severe preoperative ischemic liver damage, and the other died of sepsis. In seven patients an atrio-aortic LVAD was implanted; six had suffered an acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock, and one could not be weaned off bypass. Three patients survived. These included one 65-year-old with incipient ARDS at operation, and a 40-year-old with preoperative liver and kidney insufficiency who was transplanted in septicemia. In this patient the septic focus, natural and artificial heart, were removed at transplantation. Four patients died. In one we were unable to establish satisfactory circulation, one died after failure of the transplanted heart, one suffered a lethal cerebral embolism and one developed multi-organ failure after repeated attacks of ventricular fibrillation. With the Vienna heart sufficient circulatory support could be established with cardiac outputs between 6 and 8 l/min for the TAH and 3.5 to 4.5 l/min for the LVAD. With this type of support an overall survival rate of 44% could be achieved. Mechanical hemolysis was not a clinical problem and no device failure occurred.
Resurgence of Rotavirus Genotype G12 in St. Louis During the 2014–2015 Rotavirus Season (2016)

G12 re-emerged as the predominant rotavirus genotype in 2014-15, comprising a higher percentage of cases than in 2012-13. The majority of patients with G12 and available vaccination histories were unvaccinated. There was no genomic evidence to indicate that the G12 strains in St. Louis had evolved to escape vaccine protection. Our work emphasizes the need for continued surveillance.
Monitoring of Cell Layer Integrity with a Current‐Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor (2019)

The integrity of CaCo-2 cell barriers is investigated by organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) in a current-driven configuration. Ion transport through cellular barriers via the paracellular pathway is modulated by tight junctions between adjacent cells. Rupturing its integrity by H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> is monitored by the change of the output voltage in the transfer characteristics. It is demonstrated that by operating the OECT in a current-driven configuration, the sensitive and temporal resolution for monitoring the cell barrier integrity is strongly enhanced as compared to the OECT transient response measurement. As a result, current-driven OECTs are useful tools to assess dynamic and critical changes in tight junctions, relevant for clinical applications as drug targeting and screening.
Solubilization of Terfenadine, Riboflavin, and Sudan III by Aqueous Multi-basic Organic Acids (2002)

ABSTRACT The aqueous solubility of terfenadine, riboflavin, and Sudan III (water-insoluble compounds) was enhanced by the addition of multi-basic organic acids, including citric, glutaric, malic, malonic, and tartaric acids. The variations of physical properties (density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, pH, and surface tension) against acid concentration (0–3.6 M at 25°C) were measured in order to explore possible mechanisms of solubility enhancement. Apart from the partial molar volumes, the measured physical properties varied nonlinearly with acid concentration. Glutaric acid contributes to solubility enhancement of terfenadine and Sudan III more than citric acid, with the latter slightly more effective towards riboflavin. Tartaric acid is the least effective, while malic and malonic acids occupy an intermediate position. Among the organic acids examined, only glutaric acid solutions exhibit significant surface activity, which lends itself to solubility enhancement of the three hydrophobic drugs (interfacial packing of 55 ± 3 Å2 at the air–water interface, critical aggregate concentrations (CAC) at 1.8 ± 0.4 M). In contrast, all five organic acid solutions of terfenadine demonstrate more effective lowering of the surface tension of water, with the terfenadinium acid salts exhibiting interfacial packing of 108 ± 9 Å2 at the air–water interface. On the other hand, organic acid solutions of riboflavin and Sudan III exhibited essentially no surface activity, aside from the intrinsic contribution of the organic acids themselves. Thus, self-association of glutaric acid contributes to the solubility enhancement of the three hydrophobic drugs. This combined with the surface activity of terfenadinium acid salts explains the higher tendency of glutaric acid to solubilize terfenadine. Mixed micellization of terfenadinium glutarate and glutaric acid occurs with an interfacial packing of 166 ± 18 Å2 at the air–water interface. The corresponding CAC were estimated at 3.1 ± 0.2 mM for terfenadinium glutarate and 8.0 ± 0.4 mM for glutaric acid. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the extensive hydroxyl group network of riboflavin reflects the higher affinity of citric acid than glutaric acid towards riboflavin. The variability in solubility enhancement exhibited by tartaric, malic, and malonic acids appears to be a result of the interplay between several factors including intra- vs. inter-molecular hydrogen bonding, slight organic acid surface activity, and acid hydration.
Handoff Triggering and Network Selection Algorithms for Load-Balancing Handoff in CDMA-WLAN Integrated Networks (2008)

This paper proposes a novel vertical handoff algorithm between WLAN and CDMA networks to enable the integration of these networks. The proposed vertical handoff algorithm assumes a handoff decision process (handoff triggering and network selection). The handoff trigger is decided based on the received signal strength (RSS). To reduce the likelihood of unnecessary false handoffs, the distance criterion is also considered. As a network selection mechanism, based on the wireless channel assignment algorithm, this paper proposes a context-based network selection algorithm and the corresponding communication algorithms between WLAN and CDMA networks. This paper focuses on a handoff triggering criterion which uses both the RSS and distance information, and a network selection method which uses context information such as the dropping probability, blocking probability, GoS (grade of service), and number of handoff attempts. As a decision making criterion, the velocity threshold is determined to optimize the system performance. The optimal velocity threshold is adjusted to assign the available channels to the mobile stations. The optimal velocity threshold is adjusted to assign the available channels to the mobile stations using four handoff strategies. The four handoff strategies are evaluated and compared with each other in terms of GOS. Finally, the proposed scheme is validated by computer simulations.
Human Bocavirus: A Novel Parvovirus Epidemiologically Associated with Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization in Thailand (2007)

HBoV infection was epidemiologically associated with pneumonia among young children in rural Thailand, but infection and illness may be dependent on coinfection with other viruses.
Effect of Divalent Metal Cations on the Conformation, Elastic Behavior, and Controlled Release of a Photocrosslinked Protein Engineered Hydrogel (2021)

We investigate the effect of Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Ni<sup>2+</sup> coordination on the conformation, mechanical properties, contraction, and small-molecule drug encapsulation and release of a photocrosslinked protein-engineered hydrogel, CEC-D. The treatment of the CEC-D hydrogel with divalent metal (M<sup>2+</sup>) results in significant conformational changes where a loss in structure is observed with Zn<sup>2+</sup>, while both Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> induce a blueshift. The relationship of M<sup>2+</sup> to mechanical properties illustrates a trend, while the CEC-D hydrogel in the presence of 2 mM Cu<sup>2+</sup> reveals the highest increase in <i>G</i>' to 14.4 ± 0.7 kPa followed by 9.7 ± 0.9 kPa by addition of 2 mM Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and a decrease to 1.1 ± 0.2 kPa is demonstrated in the presence of 2 mM Ni<sup>2+</sup>. A similar observation in M<sup>2+</sup> responsiveness emerges where CEC-D hydrogels contract into a condensed state of 2.6-fold for Cu<sup>2+</sup>, 2.4-fold for Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and 1.6-fold for Ni<sup>2+</sup>. Furthermore, CEC-D hydrogels coordinated with M<sup>2+</sup> demonstrate control over the encapsulation and release of the small molecule curcumin. The trend of release is opposite of the mechanical and contraction properties with a 70.0 ± 5.3% release with Ni<sup>2+</sup>, 64.2 ± 1.2% release with Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and 42.3 ± 11.3 release with Cu<sup>2+</sup>. Taken together, these results indicate that the CEC-D hydrogel tuned by M<sup>2+</sup> is a promising drug delivery platform with tunable physicochemical properties.
Optical variability of quasars with 20-yr photometric light curves (2022)

ABSTRACT We study the optical gri photometric variability of a sample of 190 quasars within the SDSS Stripe 82 region that have long-term photometric coverage during ∼1998−2020 with SDSS, PanSTARRS-1, the Dark Energy Survey, and dedicated follow-up monitoring with Blanco 4m/DECam. With on average ∼200 nightly epochs per quasar per filter band, we improve the parameter constraints from a Damped Random Walk (DRW) model fit to the light curves over previous studies with 10–15 yr baselines and ≲ 100 epochs. We find that the average damping time-scale τDRW continues to rise with increased baseline, reaching a median value of ∼750 d (g band) in the rest frame of these quasars using the 20-yr light curves. Some quasars may have gradual, long-term trends in their light curves, suggesting that either the DRW fit requires very long baselines to converge, or that the underlying variability is more complex than a single DRW process for these quasars. Using a subset of quasars with better-constrained τDRW (less than 20 per cent of the baseline), we confirm a weak wavelength dependence of τDRW∝λ0.51 ± 0.20. We further quantify optical variability of these quasars over days to decades time-scales using structure function (SF) and power spectrum density (PSD) analyses. The SF and PSD measurements qualitatively confirm the measured (hundreds of days) damping time-scales from the DRW fits. However, the ensemble PSD is steeper than that of a DRW on time-scales less than ∼ a month for these luminous quasars, and this second break point correlates with the longer DRW damping time-scale.