gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal Organic Resin Derived Barium Titanate; II, Kinetics of BaTiO <sub>3</sub> Formation (1994)

A physicochemical model has been developed for the kinetics of barium titanate formation from X‐ray‐amorphous, metal organic precursors by relating the changes in the physical structure of the precursor particles with the degree of transformation in isothermally heated powder samples. From electron microscopy and gas adsorption, it is evident that the precursor particles consist of 20‐to 60‐nm crystallites and &lt; 10‐nm intraparticle pores. A Ba,Ti oxycarbonate phase forms on heating the Ba,Ti metal organic precursor, which subsequently decomposes to form BaTiO 3 It is concluded that the formation of BaTiO 3 follows the shrinking core model, and the overall transformation is rate‐controlled by the diffusion of CO 2 through the nanometer‐size intraparticle pores.
Preferential Activation and Depletion of the Alternative Complement Pathway by Burn Injury (1983)

Complement levels of eight adult burn patients (25% to 90% body surface area) were studied upon admission to a burn unit and sequentially for one week. Mean classical pathway titers (CH50) were 49% below the normal mean, while hemolytic C4 titers were reduced by 53% and C3 by 43%. However, the alternative pathway titer was reduced by more than 90%, suggesting preferential depletion of this pathway. This depletion was associated with sepsis, pneumonia, and "shock lung." Alternative pathway deficiency was still present one week postburn, and may contribute to the susceptibility of burn patients to bacterial sepsis.
Recent Results Indicative of Non-Arrhenius Behavior. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Photoswitchable Serotonins for Optical Control of the 5-HT2A Receptor (2021)

The serotonin receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligand-gated ion channels play central roles in neuromodulation and are critical drug targets for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Optical control of serotonin receptor subtypes has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of receptor function both at the cellular level and within neural circuits. While other neuromodulatory receptors have been successfully rendered photoswitchable, reversible photocontrol of serotonin receptors has not been achieved, representing a major gap in GPCR photopharmacology. Herein, by designing and screening a family of azobenzene-conjugated serotonin analogues, we developed the first photopharmacological tools that allow for such control. Azo5HT-2 shows light-dependent 5-HT2AR agonism, inducing receptor-mediated calcium signaling in the light-activated cis-form. Based on computational docking and test compound analysis, we also synthesize and test photoswitchable orthogonal, remotely-tethered ligands (PORTLs). BG-Azo5HTn PORTLs provide rapid, reversible and repeatable optical control following conjugation to SNAP-tagged 5-HT2AR. Overall, this study both introduces new tools for the optical control of 5-HT2ARs and provides a foundation for the broad extension of photopharmacology to the serotonin receptor family.
Lutetium-177-PSMA-617: A Vision of the Future (2022)

In the last decade, many life-prolonging therapeutic options have emerged for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The recent VISION trial is the first to demonstrate a survival benefit of Lutetium-177[<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in post-chemotherapy mCRPC. This journal club reviews the VISION trial in the context of the earlier TheraP trial of [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in mCRPC post docetaxel and androgen pathway inhibition, to provide direction for the real-world application of [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Treatment in the control groups differed significantly between both trials and may have influenced outcomes: TheraP mandated cabazitaxel whereas VISION's design could not allow it. In both trials, [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 had a good safety profile, with common adverse events being fatigue, nausea, dry mouth, marrow suppression and diarrhea. Given its efficacy and favorable safety even in heavily pre-treated patients, [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 provides hope to mCRPC patients and may be applied to earlier disease stages in future investigations.
Coordination of Highly Contingent Plans (2007)

Conventional military planning systems construct plans with very limited flexibility. In the future, military plans will evolve into a much more expressive, contingent form. This paper describes how Honeywell's distributed coordinator agents reason about complex domains to construct and execute highly contingent plans. The agents operate in a very dynamic environment in which complex hierarchical tasks can arrive unpredictably and the agents have to build coordinated joint plans on the fly, while execution proceeds. Using carefully limited forms of inter-agent communication, the agents develop agreements on their future coordinated behavior and rely on those agreements to build highly contingent plans (partial policies) that specify what actions they should take in a wide variety of possible futures. As mission execution proceeds and the tasks yield varying outcomes, the agents must rapidly, continually coordinate and adapt their plans. The result is a distributed multi-agent system capable of building and flexibly executing complex, highly-contingent coordinated mission plans
Predicting Indoor PM2.5 Concentration using LSTM-BNN in Edge Device (2023)

Many researchers already perform PM2.5 forecasting. However, the majority of research focuses on predicting PM2.5 concentrations in outdoor environments. In contrast, PM2.5 indoor prediction is rarely conducted, despite being more difficult. This study proposes an LSTM-BNN indoor PM2.5 concentration prediction model. The LSTM in the LSTM-BNN model extracts nonlinear correlations from multivariate time series input while the BNN predicts the PM2.5 concentration. Using multivariable input data, the proposed model estimates PM2.5 values 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours in advance. In addition, the proposed model is compared to RNN, LSTM, Single Dense, Multi Dense, and ConvLSTM. MSE, RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R2 are employed to evaluate the LSTM-BNN model objectively. The LSTM-BNN model beats other models with 1-hour, 2-hour, and 3-hour prediction MAPE and R2 values of 0.001 and 0.999, 0.004 and 0.996, and 0.004 and 0.999, respectively.
Laser assisted zona hatching does not lead to immediate impairment in human embryo quality and metabolism (2016)

AH: assisted hatching; ART: assisted reproductive technology; DNA: deoxy-ribo nucleic acid; LAH: laser assisted hatching; MHz: megahertz; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; PCA: principal component analysis; PGD: preimplantation genetic diagnosis; TLM: time lapse monitoring.
Ground-Truth and Metric for the Evaluation of Arabic Handwritten Character Segmentation (2014)

In this paper, we present a character-level ground-truth for an Arabic dataset of 8,640 character-shapes along with an evaluation metric that is adapted from image segmentation. These tools together constitute a benchmark for character-segmentation. We demonstrate the use of this benchmark on some segmentation algorithms and report their quantitative results in bits. Our approach can be extended to other scripts.
Integrating Telehealth as a Strategy for Patient Management After Discharge for Cardiac Surgery (2007)

Advances in telecommunication technologies have improved access and availability of telehealth for use in healthcare. In cardiac care, telehealth has predominantly been used to manage patients with heart failure. The use of telehealth as a strategy for patient management after discharge for cardiac surgery can be beneficial in monitoring postoperative status and in the early detection of complications. This article provides an overview of the use of telehealth and telemanagement in cardiac patients and discusses the results of a pilot study as an example of an application of the use of telehealth for elderly cardiac surgery patients at high risk of postoperative complications.
Regenerative Nodules in Hepatic Cirrhosis (1992)

To evaluate the accuracy of surface coil gradient-echo (GRE) imaging in the detection of regenerative nodules of hepatic cirrhosis, 53 patients with diffuse liver disease, among whom 31 had cirrhosis, were prospectively investigated. Three GRE sequences acquired with a surface coil were used in the study: a T2*-weighted, a T1-weighted, and a gadopentetate-enhanced sequence. ROC analysis showed that two surface coil GRE sequences were superior to conventional T2-weighted spin-echo imaging acquired with a body coil for the detection of regenerative nodules. The detection of regenerative nodules was also more accurate for the diagnosis of cirrhosis than the measurement of the caudate-to-right lobe ratio. These results suggest that there could be a potential for surface coil GRE imaging in the assessment of the characteristic macroscopic alterations of cirrhosis.
Synthesis and <sup>13</sup>C NMR of (trifluoromethyl)hydroxypyrazoles (1990)

Abstract Reaction of ethyl 4,4,4‐trifluoroacetoacetate with methylhydrazine produced not only the previously reported 5‐hydroxy‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole 1 but also its unknown isomer the 3‐hydroxy‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole 4 . The structure assignments are established based on 13 C nmr spectra. Compound 1 was converted to 5‐chloro‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolecarboxylic acid 3 in two steps.
Designing the Personalized Agent for the Virtual Mental World (2002)

We plot the functionality and architecture of a personalized agent that represents its users in decisionmaking on various matters, when it is necessary to reason about mental attributes of other human and automatic agents (virtual mental world). Natural language multiagent mental simulator NL_MAMS is suggested as a unit for reasoning and user profile specification. The simulator is capable of yielding the totality of possible mental states few steps in advance, given the current mental state of participating agents. Introduction: the functions of personalized agent Artificial intelligence is continuously moving towards the automation of new fields of human activity. From
Viscoelasticity and self-diffusion in melts of entangled asymmetric star polymers (1997)

The crossover from linear to branched polymer dynamics in highly entangled melts was investigated with a series of asymmetric three-arm stars of poly(ethylene-alt-propylene). Two arms of equal length formed a linear backbone, kept constant through the series, while branches of various length were appended as the third arm. The materials were made by carbanionic polymerization of isoprene and the judicious application of chlorosilane linking chemistry. Subsequent saturation of the polymeric double bonds with deuterium and hydrogen, followed by fractionation, led to a set of structurally matched, nearly monodisperse pairs of deuterium-labeled and fully hydrogenous samples. Dynamic moduli were measured over wide ranges of frequency and temperature. With increasing branch length, the resulting master curves evolve smoothly, but with surprising rapidity, from the relatively narrow terminal spectrum of linear polymers to the much broader spectrum of symmetric stars. The viscosity ηo increases rapidly with branch length, and the diffusion coefficient D, obtained by forward recoil spectrometry, decreases even more rapidly. The product ηoD, however, distinguishes the transition from linear to branched polymer dynamics most clearly: for a backbone with about 38 entanglements, the crossover is already approaching completion for a single mid-backbone branch with only about three entanglements. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1943–1954, 1997
Quantum localization of particles with dipolar hopping in three-dimensional lattices of finite size (2016)

Non-interacting particles with dipolar hopping are known to be localized in 1D and 2D disordered lattices, but diffusing in 3D systems of infinite size. Here, we present numerical evidence that particles with dipolar hopping can undergo localization in 3D systems of finite size, even macroscopically finite. We obtain the phase diagram of the Anderson/quantum-percolation model to characterize the localization transition as a function of the disorder strength and system size. Our results show that the diffusion $\rightarrow$ localization transition can be induced by decreasing the size of the 3D disordered system. Our diagrams can be used to guide experiments aiming to measure the interaction-induced phase transition in disordered, diluted lattices.
The User Adjustable Pole-piece: Expanding TEM Functionality Without Compromise (2022)

Journal Article The User Adjustable Pole-piece: Expanding TEM Functionality Without Compromise Get access Patrick McBean, Patrick McBean School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandAdvanced Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures & Nanodevices (CRANN), Dublin, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Pat Murphy, Pat Murphy School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryusuke Sagawa, Ryusuke Sagawa JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Toyko, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lewys Jones Lewys Jones School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandAdvanced Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures & Nanodevices (CRANN), Dublin, Ireland Corresponding author: lewys.jones@tcd.ie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 28, Issue S1, 1 August 2022, Pages 2636–2638, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927622010005 Published: 01 August 2022
Redactable Blockchain – or – Rewriting History in Bitcoin and Friends (2017)

We put forward a new framework that makes it possible to re-write or compress the content of any number of blocks in decentralized services exploiting the blockchain technology. As we argue, there are several reasons to prefer an editable blockchain, spanning from the necessity to remove inappropriate content and the possibility to support applications requiring re-writable storage, to "the right to be forgotten." Our approach generically leverages so-called chameleon hash functions (Krawczyk and Rabin, NDSS '00), which allow determining hash collisions efficiently, given a secret trapdoor information. We detail how to integrate a chameleon hash function in virtually any blockchain-based technology, for both cases where the power of redacting the blockchain content is in the hands of a single trusted entity and where such a capability is distributed among several distrustful parties (as is the case with Bitcoin). We also report on a proof-of-concept implementation of a redactable blockchain, building on top of Nakamoto's Bitcoin core. The prototype only requires minimal changes to the way current client software interprets the information stored in the blockchain and to the current blockchain, block, or transaction structures. Moreover, our experiments show that the overhead imposed by a redactable blockchain is small compared to the case of an immutable one.
Multi-level optical signal generation using a segmented-electrode InP IQ-MZM with integrated CMOS binary drivers (2016)

We present a segmented-electrode InP IQ-MZM, capable of multi-level optical signal generation (5-bit per I/Q arm) by employing direct digital drive from integrated, low-power (1W) CMOS binary drivers. Programmable, multi-level operation is demonstrated experimentally on one MZM of the device.
Dacron® Arterial Grafts: Comparative Structures and Basis for Successful Use of Current Prostheses (1986)

By the 1960s, woven and knitted Dacron® grafts were in widespread use. Currently, approximately ten different Dacron prostheses are available for clinical use and several others are being developed. The advantages and limitations of three different types of grafts are discussed: (1) tightly woven and crimped; (2) knitted, crimped, and nonsupported; and (3) knitted, noncrimped, and supported. The microanatomy of grafts from each category is presented.
Preliminary Investigation to Improve Point Spread Function Modeling for a Multi-Pinhole SPECT Camera (2017)

Herein we report on the mathematical modeling of the simulated point spread functions (PSFs) of pinhole apertures for clinical I-123 DaTscan imaging on a dual-head SPECT system consisting of fan and multi-pinhole (MPH) collimators on separate heads. The PSFs can be measured sparsely by translating a point source within the volume of interest (VOI). These PSFs were generated using GATE Monte Carlo simulation software and were then modeled using standard 2D Gaussian having 6 parameters, and three other models using higher order polynomial terms as well as cross terms in the exponential. The goal is to efficiently store the parameters of the modeled PSF, measured across the VOI and then interpolate them on the fly during reconstruction. It has been shown that MPH reconstruction can be improved with accurate modeling of the PSF. However, for our application it has been determined that improved accuracy in PSF modeling (reduced NRMSE) can be obtained by incorporating more polynomial terms in the exponential than employed by the standard 2D Gaussian, especially with increased pinhole angulations. In this paper we introduce higher order polynomial terms (degree 3 and 4) as an extension to the Gaussian model and observe that these added terms could significantly reduce the NRMSE.
Successful hybrid NOTES resection of early gastric cancer in a patient with concomitant advanced colon cancer (2010)

NOTES (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery) is currently of greatest interest to endoscopists and laparoscopic surgeons [1] [2] [3]. Early gastric cancer (EGC) is generally managed with endoscopic submucosal resection (ESD) if indicated. We present a case of EGC removed by hybrid NOTES, with a concomitant colon cancer resected via laparoscopic colectomy.
Composition of Dietary Fat Source Shapes Gut Microbiota Architecture and Alters Host Inflammatory Mediators in Mouse Adipose Tissue (2013)

High‐fat diet consumption has a significant impact on the development of obesity and inflammation. Studies have shown that dietary factors alter gut microbiota resulting in metabolic and immunologic effects within the host through adipose tissue. The objective of this study is to address how consumption of specific high saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fat shapes the intestinal microbiota and how these changes affect adipose tissue‐mediated inflammation. Adult male C57Bl/6 mice were fed SFA and PUFA diets for four weeks. Body mass and food consumption data were collected weekly. Bacterial DNA from stool samples was extracted and analyzed by T‐RFLP and HiSeq methods. Adipose depots were excised and analyzed for lipogenic and inflammatory gene expression via qRT‐PCR. Mice fed high‐fat diets showed increased caloric consumption and weight gain compared to low‐fat fed mice. High‐fat diets also resulted in a dramatic shift in gut microbiota, stratifying based on the specific source of dietary fat. These changes led to significantly altered expression of inflammatory markers (MCP‐1, CD192, resistin, APN) in adipose depots. Collectively, our findings show that gut microbiota resulting from dietary modulation of fat source can influence inflammatory outcome and should be considered a potential therapeutic target to alleviate obesity‐induced inflammation. Grant Funding Source : T32 DK07074
A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome (2021)

This paper comprises an updated version of the 2014 review which reported 1846 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified from healthy humans. In total over 900 additional VOCs have been reported since the 2014 review and the VOCs from semen have been added. The numbers of VOCs found in breath and the other bodily fluids are: blood 379, breath 1488, faeces 443, milk 290, saliva 549, semen 196, skin 623 and urine 444. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been included in a single table with the source reference(s) for each VOC, an update on our 2014 paper. VOCs have also been grouped into tables according to their chemical class or functionality to permit easy comparison. Careful use of the database is needed, as a number of the identified VOCs only have level 2-putative assignment, and only a small fraction of the reported VOCs have been validated by standards. Some clear differences are observed, for instance, a lack of esters in urine with a high number in faeces and breath. However, the lack of compounds from matrices such a semen and milk compared to breath for example could be due to the techniques used or reflect the intensity of effort e.g. there are few publications on VOCs from milk and semen compared to a large number for breath. The large number of volatiles reported from skin is partly due to the methodologies used, e.g. by collecting skin sebum (with dissolved VOCs and semi VOCs) onto glass beads or cotton pads and then heating to a high temperature to desorb VOCs. All compounds have been included as reported (unless there was a clear discrepancy between name and chemical structure), but there may be some mistaken assignations arising from the original publications, particularly for isomers. It is the authors' intention that this work will not only be a useful database of VOCs listed in the literature but will stimulate further study of VOCs from healthy individuals; for example more work is required to confirm the identification of these VOCs adhering to the principles outlined in the metabolomics standards initiative. Establishing a list of volatiles emanating from healthy individuals and increased understanding of VOC metabolic pathways is an important step for differentiating between diseases using VOCs.
Electrostatic thrusters for microgravity propulsion in a pressurized environment (2010)

Motivated by long-term human exploration missions which could benefit from robotic assistants, a prototype thruster based on an Ion-Drag Pump was developed. This thruster utilizes no consumable propellant. Its operated by ionizing the air it floats in. Such an engine only requires recharging of its electrical power in order to propel itself in a pressurized microgravity environment. The prototypes were modeled analytically in 1D, tested using a micro-scale, and then validated in 3D aboard the ZERO-G reduced gravity aircraft. The results demonstrated that an engine with an inlet area of 5cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a needle density of 1.0 needles/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> can provide a thrust of at least 3mN with electrical inputs of 10kV and less than 100uA. The successful demonstration is a proof of concept and opens the possibility for future engines that could provide the desired thrust to support astronauts.