gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflection coefficient representation for convex planar sets (2002)

We combine certain results from two disparate areas, kinematics and geophysics, to obtain a convenient representation for the class of convex compact planar sets, in terms of a sequence of complex valued reflection coefficients. This gives a one-to-one relation between any convex compact planar set S and any set of parameters comprising: a) the coordinates of a reference point in /spl Sscr/, b) the circumference of the set, and c) a complex reflection coefficient sequence, {k/sub 1/, k/sub 2/,...}, such that 1) k/sub 1/=0, 2) |k/sub n/|/spl les/1, /spl forall/n, 3) if |k/sub N/|=1 for some N then k/sub n/=0, /spl forall/n>N. For a finite duration reflection coefficient sequence, where k/sub n/=0, /spl forall/n>N, if 0<|k/sub N/|<1 then the boundary of S is an infinitely differentiable convex curve, and if |k/sub N/|=1, then the boundary is an N-sided convex polygon.
Color image enhancement algorithms based on the DCT domain (2011)

This paper presents a novel modified multi scale contrast enhancement (MMCE) technique for color image enhancement based on manipulating the DCT coefficients. Modified multi contrast enhancement (MCE) is an improved version of multi contrast enhancement by redefining the frequency spectral bands and introducing more band enhancement techniques to achieve a better performance. This paper also uses an image contrast measure SDME to choose the optimal parameters and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods. Computer simulations and analysis are shown that the presented method outperforms the commonly used methods such as Retinex and the original MCE for most images.
[A successful surgical case of bilateral partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection without atrial septal defect]. (1995)

We performed the new operative method for bilateral partial anomalous pulmonary connections (PAPVC) without atrial septal defect (ASD). A 11-years-old boy was admitted for operation. The right upper pulmonary vein returned to the superior vena cave (SVC), and left upper pulmonary vein returned to the innominate vein. Atrial septum was intact. The Qp/Qs was 1.94. The right atrium (RA) was opened and ASD was created. Continuity between the distal end of the SVC and RA was re-established by end-to-end anastomosis to the right atrial appendage. The proximal end of the SVC was closed. The right anomalous pulmonary vein remained in situ on the lower segment of SVC, blood being directed to the left atrium (LA) through the created ASD by suturing the posterior flap of RA incision to the atrial septum well away from the sinoatrial node and artery, anomalous pulmonary vein and cavoatrial junction. The anomalous left vertical vein was dissected up to the innominate vein. The left pulmonary vein was mobilized as much as possible, and was anastomosed to the posterior wall of LA by end-to-side fashion. He has normal sinus rhythm and no evidence of pulmonary venous obstructions on both sides. We support the efficacy of this method as an alternative in the management of this disorder.
Na(+)-independent multispecific anion transporter mediates active transport of pravastatin into rat liver (1993)

To examine whether the relatively selective inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis by the hydrophilic 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor pravastatin in vivo may be due to the existence of a specific uptake mechanism in the liver, the uptake by isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated. The uptake was composed of a saturable component [Michaelis constant (Km) 29 microM, maximal uptake rate 546 pmol.min-1.mg-1] and nonspecific diffusion (nonspecific uptake clearance 1.6 microliters.min-1.mg-1), inhibited by hypothermia, metabolic inhibitors, sulfhydryl-modifying reagents, and inhibitor of anion exchanger, whereas replacement of Na+ by choline+ or Cl- by gluconate- did not alter the uptake. Competitive inhibition was observed by a more highly lipophilic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin (open acid form), dibromosulfophthalein, cholate, and taurocholate. Pravastatin inhibited Na(+)-independent taurocholate uptake with an inhibition constant comparable with the Km value of pravastatin itself. Furthermore, the hepatic permeability clearance in vivo obtained with intact rats was comparable with that in vitro, indicating that the carrier-mediated active transport system we demonstrated in vitro is responsible for the hepatic uptake in vivo. These findings demonstrated that the hepatic uptake of pravastatin occurs via a carrier-mediated active transport mechanism utilizing the so-called multispecific anion transporter, which is common with the Na(+)-independent bile acid uptake system, and that this is one of the mechanisms for its selective inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis in vivo.
Evidence-based green algal genomics reveals marine diversity and ancestral characteristics of land plants (2016)

Extensive differences in gene loss and architecture between related prasinophytes underscore their divergence. PG biosynthesis genes from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont that became the plastid, have been selectively retained in multiple plants and algae, implying a biological function. Our studies provide robust genomic resources for emerging model algae, advancing knowledge of marine phytoplankton and plant evolution.
Quantitative size-dependent structure and strain determination of CdSe nanoparticles using atomic pair distribution function analysis (2007)

The size-dependent structure of CdSe nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, has been studied using the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) method. The core structure of the measured CdSe nanoparticles can be described in terms of the wurtzite atomic structure with extensive stacking faults. The density of faults in the nanoparticles is $\ensuremath{\sim}50%$. The diameter of the core region was extracted directly from the PDF data and is in good agreement with the diameter obtained from standard characterization methods, suggesting that there is little surface amorphous region. A compressive strain was measured in the Cd--Se bond length that increases with decreasing particle size being 0.5% with respect to bulk CdSe for the $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ diameter particles. This study demonstrates the size-dependent quantitative structural information that can be obtained even from very small nanoparticles using the PDF approach.
Abstract 1322: Novel CDK4/6 inhibitors provide robust antitumor activity in a murine model of luminal breast cancer (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have emerged as attractive antineoplastic agents due to the importance of CDK4/6 activity in regulating cell proliferation. We have identified a series of orally available, potent and selective dual CDK4/6 inhibitors (G1T100182, G1T100183, G1T101551). Preclinical characterization of these compounds indicates that they inhibit CDK4 and CDK6 with an IC50 of 0.7-1.0 nM and 5-6 nM, respectively. In Rb competent tumor cells, these compounds potently inhibit Rb phosphorylation resulting in a G1 arrest. Here we assess the in vivo efficacy of these compounds in a genetically engineered mouse model of luminal breast cancer. Methods: MMTV-Neu mice were housed and therapeutic response assessed in the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center's Mouse Phase I Unit (MP1U). Compounds were supplied by G1 Therapeutics, Inc. Tumors were serially assessed weekly using caliper measurements. Therapeutic intervention began once tumors reached 40-64mm3 and continued for 28 consecutive days. Tumor volume was calculated using the formula ((Width2) x Length)/2). All compounds were administered orally via medicated diets. RECIST criteria were used to assess objective response rates. Results: Significant objective responses were noted in mice treated with G1T100182, G1T100183, G1T101551. Treatments produced modest reversible myelosuppression, but where otherwise well tolerated with no other clinical signs of toxicity or deaths associated with toxicity. A linear regression t-test was used to determine statistical significance of tumor volume changes over time. All treatment cohorts demonstrated statistically significant improvement when compared to un-treated mice; G1T100182, p&amp;lt;0.0001; G1T100183, p=0.0001; G1T101551, p&amp;lt;0.0001. Conclusions: In summary, we have identified a series of orally active, potent, and selective small molecule inhibitors of CDK4/6 that may provide therapeutic benefit to cancer patients with tumors that have functional Rb protein. Complete ResponsePartial ResponseStable DiseaseProgressive DiseaseORR % (CR+PR+SD/PD)Mean % Change in Tumor VolNo Treatment00090 (0/9)500G1T1001821510100 (7/0)-70G1T100183141185 (6/1)-67G1T1015511250100 (8/0)-40 Citation Format: Patrick J. Roberts, David B. Darr, John E. Bisi, Jay C. Strum. Novel CDK4/6 inhibitors provide robust antitumor activity in a murine model of luminal breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1322. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1322
Early occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with and without cirrhosis after HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals. (2018)

356 Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of HCC development after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) and to compare hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence to patients treated with interferon (IFN)-based therapies. Methods: We analyzed a large cohort with chronic HCV patients for the onset of new hepatocellular carcinoma after DAA treatment. A historic interferon treated cohort was investigated for comparison. Results: 819 patients were included in the DAA group, 269 (32.8%) had established cirrhosis. Median follow up was 263 days (0-1001). 25 patients (3.1%) were diagnosed with de novo HCC within the observation time. All of these patients had established cirrhosis. Patients with new HCC were mostly male, older, treatment experienced, had a lower SVR12 rate and higher levels of liver inflammation markers. Investigation of the subcohort of 269 cirrhotic patients yielded a HCC rate of 9.3% during the follow-up of approximately one year. Non-SVR12 was an independent risk factor for de novo HCC (OR 4.983, 1.39-17.88, 0.014). Most HCCs were diagnosed in early stage BCLC A. In the historical cohort of 351 IFN treated patients the rate of de novo HCC was 5.4% overall and 11.8% in patients with already established cirrhosis (n = 68). In the multivariate analysis failed SVR (OR 5.386, 1.155-25.108, p = 0.032) remained an independent risk factor for de novo HCC. In a combined analysis of all patients (DAA and IFN treated) in a multivariate approach male gender, failed SVR and cirrhosis were independent factors for HCC development. Conclusions: DAA treatment in cirrhotic patients does not seem to reduce the risk of HCC development in the short term. HCC rates were not different between DAA-treated patients and those who received interferon. Achievement of SVR seems to be the most important aim to prevent HCC development.
Chemical Strain-Relaxation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Plastic Substrates for Enhanced Conductivity (2011)

We have demonstrated that the conductivity of single-walled nanotube network films on plastic substrates is enhanced by a simple solvent treatment via chemical welding with aromatic hydrocarbons. The welding effect on the conductivity was confirmed by welding over a surface, the properties of which were controlled by deposition of reduced graphene oxide sheets on the substrate before deposition of the SWCNTs. The correlation between the sheet resistance and the interfacial structure of nanotubes on polyester substrates is further discussed in conjunction with a solvent-induced strain-relaxation of nanotubes and the geometrical change of nanotubes confirmed by atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy after introducing solvents. We observe a clear reversible shift to higher energies in the G-mode band after chemical welding, indicating relaxation of the strain induced by the interface structure at the substrate and network junction.
Role of calcium in the programmed death of rat prostatic glandular cells (1990)

By using a newly developed and validated rat ventral prostatic organ culture system in which prostatic glandular cells can be induced to undergo programmed cell death, the role of an elevation in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in this death process was studied. By using this organ culture system, ventral prostatic glandular epithelial cells can be maintained in culture for a period of more than 14 days with a low daily rate of cell death (i.e., approximately 5% die per day) if androgen is included in the media. In contrast, if androgen is not included in the media, the daily rate of prostatic glandular cell death increases approximately 3-fold (i.e., approximately 15% die per day). With this organ culture system it has been demonstrated that the daily rate of programmed death of the glandular epithelial cells can be shifted from 5% to 15% of the cells dying per day when testosterone and 10 microM of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 are both present in the media. Thus, when the intracellular free Ca2+ is elevated within prostatic cells by means of ionophore treatment, the daily rate of glandular cell death in the presence of testosterone is identical to that induced when testosterone is not present in the media. If the organ cultures are maintained in media lacking testosterone but containing 10 microM of the Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine to inhibit elevations in the intracellular free Ca2+ derived from the extracellular pools, the rise in the daily rate of cell death from 5 to 15% of the cells dying per day induced by androgen ablation can be inhibited by approximately 70%. These results suggest that an increase within prostatic glandular cells in their intracellular free Ca2+ derived from extracellular Ca2+ pools is a critical early event involved in triggering the subsequent process of programmed cell death (i.e., specifically DNA fragmentation) in these cells following androgen ablation.
Recyclable Periodic Nanostructure Formed by Sublimable Liquid Crystals for Robust Cell Alignment (2022)

We demonstrate a facile method to fabricate a recyclable cell-alignment scaffold using nanogrooves based on sublimable liquid crystal (LC) material. Randomly and uniaxially arranged smectic LC structures are obtained, followed by sublimation and recondensation processes, which directly produce periodic nanogrooves with dimensions of a couple of hundreds of nanometers. After treatment with osmium tetroxide (OsO<sub>4</sub>), the nanogroove can serve as a scaffold to efficiently induce directed cell growth without causing cytotoxicity, and it can be used repeatedly. Together, various cell types are applied to the nanogroove, proving the scaffold's broad applicability. Depending on the nanotopography of the LC structures, cells exhibit different morphologies and gene expression patterns, compared to cells on standard glass substrates, according to microscopic observation and qPCR. Furthermore, cell sheets can be formed, which consist of oriented cells that can be repeatedly formed and transferred to other substrates, while maintaining its organization. We believe that our cell-aligning scaffold may pave the way for the soft material field to bioengineering, which can involve fundamentals in cell behavior and function, as well as applications for regenerative medicine.
Hardware Implementation of 5G NR Deinterleaver and De-rate Matcher (2021)

5G new radio (NR) represents the newest standard for mobile communications. It introduced LDPC channel coding which enables increased spectral efficiency in comparison to turbo codes used in LTE. It also specifies throughputs in the order of tens of Gb/s at lower latencies, putting a challenging constraint on all components in the data chain. In this paper, a parallel high throughput architecture of a joint deinterleaver and derate matcher for 5G NR is proposed. Efficient and scalable nature of the architecture allows easy tuning of throughput versus utilization over a large range of values. Proposed scheme for LLR value storage enables efficient memory utilization with full read and write throughput. The proposed architecture was implemented on a Zynq Ultrascale+ RFSoC FPGA from Xilinx in order to verify the functionality. Implementation achieves clock frequency close to the highest possible on the given architecture. To the best of our knowledge, this is currently the highest throughput implementation available.
Modeling high-efficiency extreme ultraviolet etched multilayer phase-shift masks (2017)

Achieving high-throughput extreme ultraviolet (EUV) patterning remains a major challenge due to low source power; phase-shift masks can help solve this challenge for dense features near the resolution limit by creating brighter images than traditional absorber masks when illuminated with the same source power. We explore applications of etched multilayer phase-shift masks for EUV lithography, both in the current-generation 0.33 NA and next-generation 0.55 NA systems. We derive analytic formulas for the thin-mask throughput gains, which are 2.42× for lines and spaces and 5.86× for contacts compared with an absorber mask with dipole and quadrupole illumination, respectively. Using rigorous finite-difference time-domain simulations, we quantify variations in these gains by pitch and orientation, finding 87% to 113% of the thin-mask value for lines and spaces and a 91% to 99% for contacts. We introduce an edge placement error metric, which accounts for CD errors, relative feature motion, and telecentricity errors, and use this metric both to optimize mask designs for individual features and to explore which features can be printed on the same mask. Furthermore, we find that although partial coherence shrinks the process window, at an achievable sigma of 0.2 we obtain a depth of focus of 340 nm and an exposure latitude of 39.2%, suggesting that partial coherence will not limit the feasibility of this technology. Finally, we show that many problems such as sensitivity to etch uniformity can be greatly mitigated using a central obscuration in the imaging pupil.
Evidence for positive and negative regulation of the Hox-3.1 gene. (1990)

The region-specific patterns of expression of mouse homeobox genes are considered important for establishing the embryonic body plan. A 5-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment from the Hox-3.1 locus that is sufficient to confer region-specific expression to a beta-galactosidase reporter gene in transgenic mouse embryos has been defined. The observed reporter gene expression pattern closely parallels endogenous Hox-3.1 expression in 8- to 9.5-day postcoitum (p.c.) embryos. At 10.5 days p.c. and later, the pattern of beta-galactosidase activity diverges from the Hox-3.1 pattern, and an inappropriately high level of reporter gene expression is observed in posterior spinal ganglia. Inclusion of an additional 2 kb of upstream sequences is sufficient to suppress this aberrant expression in the developing spinal ganglia. Together, these results show that the control of early Hox-3.1 expression is complex, involving at least one positively acting and one negatively acting element.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization of Novel Ruthenium(II) Catalysts: Highly Efficient and Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to (E)-3-Phenylprop-2-en-1-ol (2014)

In this contribution, two novel supported and non-supported ruthenium(II) complexes of type [RuCl2(dppme)(NN)] where [dppme is H2C=C(CH2PPh2)2 and NN is N1-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ethane-1,2-diamine] were prepared. The NN co-ligand caused release of one of the dppme ligands from [RuCl2(dppme)2] precursor to yield complex 1. The process of substitution of dppme by NN was monitored by 31P{1H}-NMR. Taking advantage of the presence of trimethoxysilane group in the backbone of complex 1, polysiloxane xerogel counterpart, X1, was prepared via sol-gel immobilization using tetraethoxysilane as cross-linker. Both complexes 1 and X1 have been characterized via elemental analysis, CV and a number of spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, 1H-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR, and mass spectrometry. Importantly, carbonyl selective hydrogenation was successfully accomplished under mild conditions using complex 1 as a homogenous catalyst and X1 as a heterogeneous catalyst, respectively.
Forward-Looking Ultrasound ImagerUsingConvex-Shaped 1-3composite Transducer forIntravascular Treatment (2005)

Anintravascular forward-looking ultrasound probe (FLUP) of3mm indiameter hasbeendeveloped. Weusedthe FLtIP asacoustic sources andreceivers tomakeanultrasound forward-looking image, butmanyartifats wereobserved because ofstrong directivity oftheFLtJP. Toconfirm the affection ofdirectivity inultrasound forward-looking images, laser induced breakdown (LIB) wasusedasalowdirectional transmitter andaFLtUPwasusedasareceiver, afineimage wassuccessfully obtained because theLIBcanprovide an almostcompletely spherical ultrasound pulsewave.For decreasing thedirectivity of FLtUP,a convex-shaped 1-3composite PZTtransducer (0.7 mm indiameter and0.75 mm curvature radius) wasfabricated, andlowdirectivity feature wasconfirmed. A probewhichhaseight separated 1-3composite convex-shaped transducers werefabricated. The probe is3mm indiameter andaworking channel is0.5mm in diameter. Acoustic pressure wasmeasured using ahydrophone whichwaslocated 10mminfront oftheFLUP.Theemitting acoustic pressure of40Pawasrealized withthefabricated probe. Whentheprobewasusedasacoustic sources and receivers, echosignal ofanaluminum plate wasobserved. Keywords- ultrasound imaging, forward looking, directivity change, 1-3composite transducer ~~~~(CTO)
Evaluation of a problem-solving (PS) techniques-based intervention for informal carers of patients with dementia receiving in-home care (2015)

PS techniques, when learned and delivered by CCs as a tool to coach carers in their day-to-day caregiving, improves carers' caregiving competence, coping, burden, and perceived stress. This may reduce dependence on primary, psychiatric, and institutional care. Results provide evidence that establishing effective partnerships between inter-professional clinicians in academic clinical health science centers, and community agencies can extend the reach of the expertise of specialized health care institutions.
High Sucrose Intake at 3 Years of Age Is Associated with Increased Salivary Counts of Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli, and with Increased Caries Rate from 3 to 16 Years of Age (2015)

High SI at 3 years was associated with high MS-counts ( ≥ 10 5 cfu/ml) and with a high risk for caries.