gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fashionpedia: Ontology, Segmentation, and an Attribute Localization Dataset (2020)

In this work we explore the task of instance segmentation with attribute localization, which unifies instance segmentation (detect and segment each object instance) and fine-grained visual attribute categorization (recognize one or multiple attributes). The proposed task requires both localizing an object and describing its properties. To illustrate the various aspects of this task, we focus on the domain of fashion and introduce Fashionpedia as a step toward mapping out the visual aspects of the fashion world. Fashionpedia consists of two parts: (1) an ontology built by fashion experts containing 27 main apparel categories, 19 apparel parts, 294 fine-grained attributes and their relationships; (2) a dataset with everyday and celebrity event fashion images annotated with segmentation masks and their associated per-mask fine-grained attributes, built upon the Fashionpedia ontology. In order to solve this challenging task, we propose a novel Attribute-Mask RCNN model to jointly perform instance segmentation and localized attribute recognition, and provide a novel evaluation metric for the task. We also demonstrate instance segmentation models pre-trained on Fashionpedia achieve better transfer learning performance on other fashion datasets than ImageNet pre-training. Fashionpedia is available at: https://fashionpedia.github.io/home/index.html.
The role of ARK in stress-induced apoptosis in <i>Drosophila</i> cells (2002)

The molecular mechanisms of apoptosis are highly conserved throughout evolution. The homologs of genes essential for apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have been shown to be important for apoptosis in mammalian systems. Although a homologue for CED-4/apoptotic protease-activating factor (Apaf)-1 has been described in Drosophila, its exact function and the role of the mitochondrial pathway in its activation remain unclear. Here, we used the technique of RNA interference to dissect apoptotic signaling pathways in Drosophila cells. Inhibition of the Drosophila CED-4/Apaf-1-related killer (ARK) homologue resulted in pronounced inhibition of stress-induced apoptosis, whereas loss of ARK did not protect the cells from Reaper- or Grim-induced cell death. Reduction of DIAP1 induced rapid apoptosis in these cells, whereas the inhibition of DIAP2 expression did not but resulted in increased sensitivity to stress-induced apoptosis; apoptosis in both cases was prevented by inhibition of ARK expression. Cells in which cytochrome c expression was decreased underwent apoptosis induced by stress stimuli, Reaper or Grim. These results demonstrate the central role of ARK in stress-induced apoptosis, which appears to act independently of cytochrome c. Apoptosis induced by Reaper or Grim can proceed via a distinct pathway, independent of ARK.
INVESTIGATION OF COMBUSTION IN MEDIUM-SPEED MARINE DIESEL ENGINES USING MODEL CHAMBERS (1977)

A high-pressure chamber was designed and manufactured for the experiments of injected fuel spray and a constant volume combustion chamber for the experiments of combustion processes. These chambers are capable of investigating the diesel engine combustion in the higher pressure charge than in the other earlier investigations and of simulating the combustion processes in medium-speed marine diesel engines.
Identification of Jahn–Teller Effects in both Singlet and Triplet Low-Energy States of [(η6-benzene)Nb(CO)3]+ This research was supported by Bowdoin College during a visiting teaching position from 2000 to 2002, and by the National Computational Science Alliance under grant CHE000043N and utilized the Origin 2000 system. Prof. Jeff Nagle is thanked for useful discussions. A referee's comments on an earlier version of this study are appreciated. (2002)

Two of each! In the C3v point group, the 16-electron [η6-(benzene)Nb(CO)3]+ fragment has accessible Jahn–Teller-active singlet and triplet electronic states. Distortion into the Cs point group leads to two low-energy minima and two transition states (see scheme). This finding is shown to have important implications for other unsaturated complexes such as [η5-CpMo(CO)2Cl] and [η5-CpMn(CO)2] (Cp=cyclopentadienyl). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z18207_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An Innovative Solution for Carving Ski Based on Retractile Blades (2015)

This paper presents the design of a new ski to improve the performances focusing especially on steering conditions. In the proposed solution an additional retractile edge has been added modifying the lower surface of the ski. It consists of a thin stainless steel plate suitably reinforced with two longitudinal ribs welded along the plate borders to create the blades. Then this element is constrained to the ski along the longitudinal symmetry axis. In unload and straight conditions the gap between the ski and the edge is null while in curves the retractile blade is deformed and pushed out by the force applied by the skier, penetrating the snow. The mechanism for the force transmission is based on two revolution joints, allowing small rotations of the boot with respect to the ski and compensating the ski deformation, and several pistons, pushing on the edge. Two ski prototypes have been manufactured, instrumented and tested on a snow track. In particular, in order to show the differences in terms of performance, the modified skis have been compared to the classic version. Additional considerations about the variations on stiffness and friction behavior introduced by the new solution have been drawn too.
FullHand: Markerless Skeleton-based Tracking for Free-Hand Interaction (2016)

This paper advances a novel markerless hand tracking method for interactive applications. FullHand uses input from RGB and depth cameras in a desktop setting. It combines, in a voting scheme, a discriminative, part-based pose retrieval with a generative pose estimation method based on local optimization. We develop this approach to enable: (1) capturing hand articulations with high number of degrees of freedom, including the motion of all fingers, (2) sufficient precision, shown in a dataset of user-generated gestures, and (3) a high framerate of 50 fps for one hand. We discuss the design of free-hand interactions with the tracker and present several demonstrations ranging from simple (few DOFs) to complex (finger individuation plus global hand motion), including mouse operation, a first-person shooter and virtual globe navigation. A user study on the latter shows that free-hand interactions implemented for the tracker can equal mouse-based interactions in user performance.
Understanding the Origin of the Low Cure Shrinkage\nof Polybenzoxazine Resin by Computational Simulation (2021)

Thermoset resin-based composite materials are widely used in the aerospace\nindustry, mainly due to their high stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight\nratios. A major issue with the use of thermoset resins in fiber composites is\nthe process-induced residual stresses that are formed from resin chemical\nshrinkage during the curing process. These residual stresses within the\ncomposite material ultimately result in reduced durability and residual\ndeformations of the final product. Polybenzoxazine (PBZ) polymer resins have\ndemonstrated near-zero volumetric shrinkage during the curing process. Although\nthe low shrinkage of PBZ is promising in terms of reduced process-induced\nresidual stresses, little is known about the physical causes. In this work,\nMolecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are performed with a reactive force field\nto predict physical properties (gelation point, evolution of network, mass\ndensity, volumetric shrinkage) and mechanical properties (Bulk modulus, Shear\nmodulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, Yield strength) as a function of\ncrosslinking density. The MD modeling procedure is validated herein using\nexperimental measurements of the modeled PBZ resin. The results of this study\nare used to provide a physical understanding of the zero-shrinkage phenomenon\nof PBZ. This information is also a critical input to future process modeling\nefforts for PBZ composites.\n
Feasibility study of postoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermochemotherapy by radiofrequency capacitive heating system for advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal seeding (2007)

Although this study was conducted non-randomly with a small number of patients, the PIHC group had a higher survival rate and better prognosis compared with the control group.
Relationship of radiographic and clinical variables to pinch and grip strength among individuals with osteoarthritis (2005)

Among individuals with radiographic hand OA, increasing radiographic severity is associated with reduced grip and pinch strength, even when controlling for self-reported pain. Individuals with radiographic OA in specific locations (CMC joints, MCP joints, and ray 1) may be at particular risk for reduced hand strength.
Urological Oncology: Prostate Cancer (2008)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Feb 2008Urological Oncology: Prostate Cancer Patrick C. WalshM.D. Patrick C. WalshPatrick C. Walsh More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.044AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Prostate Cancer Mortality in Relation to Screening by Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing and Digital Rectal Examination: A Population-Based Study in Middle-Aged Men 1 : The effectiveness of screening for prostate cancer: a nested case-control study. Arch Intern Med2006; 166: 38. Google Scholar 2 : Natural experiment examining impact of aggressive screening and treatment on prostate cancer mortality in two fixed cohorts from Seattle area and Connecticut. BMJ2002; 325: 740. Google Scholar Prediction of Prostate Cancer for Patients Receiving Finasteride: Results From the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial 1 : Long-term effects of finasteride on prostate specific antigen levels: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. J Urol2005; 174: 877. Link, Google Scholar Adoption of New Technology and Healthcare Quality: Surgical Margins After Robotic Prostatectomy 1 : The significance of positive surgical margin in areas of capsular incision in otherwise organ confined disease at radical prostatectomy. J Urol2007; 178: 1306. Google Scholar © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byWalsh P (2018) Re: Knowledge and Use of Finasteride for the Prevention of Prostate CancerJournal of Urology, VOL. 185, NO. 2, (514-515), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2011. Volume 179Issue 2February 2008Page: 542-547 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Patrick C. Walsh More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Coded Distributed Computing with Node Cooperation Substantially Increases Speedup Factors (2018)

This work explores a distributed computing setting where K nodes are assigned fractions (subtasks) of a computational task in order to perform the computation in parallel. In this setting, a well-known main bottleneck has been the internode communication cost required to parallelize the task, because unlike the computational cost which could keep decreasing as K increases, the communication cost remains approximately constant, thus bounding the total speedup gains associated to having more computing nodes. This bottleneck was substantially ameliorated by the recent introduction of coded techniques in the context of MapReduce which allowed each node - at the computational cost of having to preprocess approximately t times more subtasks - to reduce its communication cost by approximately t times. In reality though, the associated speed up gains were severely limited by the requirement that larger t and K necessited that the original task be divided into an extremely large number of subtasks. In this work we show how node cooperation, along with a novel assignment of tasks, can help to dramatically ameliorate this limitation. The result applies to wired as well as wireless distributed computing and it is based on the idea of having groups of nodes compute identical mapping tasks and then employing a here-proposed novel D2D coded caching algorithm. In this context, the new approach here manages to achieve a virtual decomposition of the fully connected D2D setting into parallel ones, which significantly reduces the required subpacketization.
Supplementary Data from Targeted MDM2 Degradation Reveals a New Vulnerability for p53-Inactivated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods, Tables S1-S3, Figures S1-S7&lt;/p&gt;
Light-dependent Activation of Rod Transducin by Pineal Opsin (1998)

The pineal gland expresses a unique member of the opsin family (P-opsin; Max, M., McKinnon, P. J., Seidenman, K. J., Barrett, R. K., Applebury, M. L., Takahashi, J. S., and Margolskee, R. F. (1995) Science 267, 1502-1506) that may play a role in circadian entrainment and photo-regulation of melatonin synthesis. To study the function of this protein, an epitope-tagged P-opsin was stably expressed in an embryonic chicken pineal cell line. When incubated with 11-cis-retinal, a light-sensitive pigment was formed with a lambdamax at 462 +/- 2 nm. P-opsin bleached slowly in the dark (t1/2 = 2 h) in the presence of 50 mM hydroxylamine. Purified P-opsin in dodecyl maltoside activated rod transducin in a light-dependent manner, catalyzing the exchange of more than 300 mol of GTPgammaS (guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate))/mol of P-opsin. The initial rate for activation (75 mol of GTPgammaS bound/mol of P-opsin/min at 7 microM) increased with increasing concentrations of transducin. The addition of egg phosphatidylcholine to P-opsin had little effect on the activation kinetics; however, the intrinsic rate of decay in the absence of transducin was accelerated. These results demonstrate that P-opsin is an efficient catalyst for activation of rod transducin and suggest that the pineal gland may contain a rodlike phototransduction cascade.
Interaction of safety and the facility for photovoltaic R &amp; D (1988)

At Kopin there is a program to develop high efficiency solar cells for terrestrial and space applications. The work centers around GaAs/AlGaAs structures grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) and involves a range of thin‐film and metallization operations in order to fabricate complete solar cells. These processes use hazardous materials. In order to safely run these processes, we have integrated safety features into the facility through the overall physical plant design and placement of equipment. Handling of chemicals and waste, and the safety features of the facility at Kopin are described.
Corneal Stromal Innervation (1984)

The density of stromal nerve trunks and their branches was determined at the peripheral and the central areas of the four corneal quadrants in the Long-Evans hooded rat by using a nonspecific cholinesterase histochemical reaction. It was found that the density of stromal innervation is the same in the different quadrants and in the 2 eyes of the same animal. However, the density of stromal innervation was higher at the periphery that at the center of the cornea. The study provides quantitative information on the density of corneal stromal innervation in a commonly used laboratory animal. These data were unavailable in the literature, and can be used as a baseline for experimental studies.
Neuroimaging and Cognitive Testing in Healthy Aging Adults using a Portable Low-Field MRI Scanner and Web-Based Assessment (2022)

ABSTRACT Consumer wearables and health monitors, internet-based health and cognitive assessments, and at-home biosample (e.g., saliva and capillary blood) collection kits are increasingly used by public health researchers to recruit and follow large study populations without requiring intensive in-person study visits. In addition to reducing participant time and travel burden, remote and virtual data collection allows individuals who live long distances from a hospital or university research center, have limited time or mobility, or who lack access to transportation to participate. Unfortunately, studies that include magnetic resonance neuroimaging can be particularly burdensome given the infrastructure requirements of 1.5, 3, and 7 Tesla scanners. As a result, they often omit socially, economically, and educationally disadvantaged individuals. Portable lower magnetic field strength systems offer the potential to perform neuroimaging at a participant’s home and convenience. In this work, we present the first report of associations between brain morphometry and cognitive performance assessed using a portable low-field MRI “scan van” and an established online assessment (MindCrowd) of paired-associate learning (PAL). In a sample of 67 individuals between 18-93 years of age who were imaged at their home or convenient nearby location, we show expected trends in brain volumes with age and detail associations between learning and memory-related brain region volumes and PAL performance. Results demonstrate the ability to collect reliable neuroimaging and cognitive data outside of traditional imaging research settings with important implications for engaging traditionally underrepresented communities in neuroimaging research. HIGHLIGHTS First demonstration of portable neuroimaging with web-based neurocognitive assessments for routine remote assessment of brain changes associated with aging and age-related cognitive changes. Replication of general brain changes with age and associations with associative learning at low-field strength (64mT) as previously reported at higher routine 1.5T and 3T field strengths. Results demonstrate the ability to collect reliable remote neuroimaging and cognitive test data with important implications for engaging traditionally underrepresented communities in neuroimaging research.
Drag Reduction Performance due to Repetitive Laser Pulses on the Blunt Body (2011)

Supersonic wave drag reduction due to the repetitive laser induced energy deposition is performed experimentally in this study. Laser pulses are irradiated through a convex lens installed in side of the in-draft wind tunnel of Mach 1.94. The maximum frequency and power of the energy deposition is limited up to 50kHz and 400W. In order to estimate the drag reduction, time-averaged drag force is measured by a force balance system and stagnation pressure history is synchronized with corresponding sequential schlieren images captured by high-speed camera. Drag reduction performance is linearly increased up to 21% with input laser power. The power gain which only depends on the pulse energy, is realized by approximately 7. Virtual spike formation induced by highrepetitive energy depositions is remarkably discussed in the visualization results.
A Contrastive Objective for Learning Disentangled Representations (2022)

Learning representations of images that are invariant to sensitive or unwanted attributes is important for many tasks including bias removal and cross domain retrieval. Here, our objective is to learn representations that are invariant to the domain (sensitive attribute) for which labels are provided, while being informative over all other image attributes, which are unlabeled. We present a new approach, proposing a new domain-wise contrastive objective for ensuring invariant representations. This objective crucially restricts negative image pairs to be drawn from the same domain, which enforces domain invariance whereas the standard contrastive objective does not. This domain-wise objective is insufficient on its own as it suffers from shortcut solutions resulting in feature suppression. We overcome this issue by a combination of a reconstruction constraint, image augmentations and initialization with pre-trained weights. Our analysis shows that the choice of augmentations is important, and that a misguided choice of augmentations can harm the invariance and informativeness objectives. In an extensive evaluation, our method convincingly outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of representation invariance, representation informativeness, and training speed. Furthermore, we find that in some cases our method can achieve excellent results even without the reconstruction constraint, leading to a much faster and resource efficient training.
Hidden Variability of Floral Homeotic B Genes in Solanaceae Provides a Molecular Basis for the Evolution of Novel Functions   (2010)

B-class MADS box genes specify petal and stamen identities in several core eudicot species. Members of the Solanaceae possess duplicate copies of these genes, allowing for diversification of function. To examine the changing roles of such duplicate orthologs, we assessed the functions of B-class genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using virus-induced gene silencing and RNA interference approaches. Loss of function of individual duplicates can have distinct phenotypes, yet complete loss of B-class gene function results in extreme homeotic transformations of petal and stamen identities. We also show that these duplicate gene products have qualitatively different protein-protein interaction capabilities and different regulatory roles. Thus, compensatory changes in B-class MADS box gene duplicate function have occurred in the Solanaceae, in that individual gene roles are distinct, but their combined functions are equivalent. Furthermore, we show that species-specific differences in the stamen regulatory network are associated with differences in the expression of the microRNA miR169. Whereas there is considerable plasticity in individual B-class MADS box transcription factor function, there is overall conservation in the roles of the multimeric MADS box B-class protein complexes, providing robustness in the specification of petal and stamen identities. Such hidden variability in gene function as we observe for individual B-class genes can provide a molecular basis for the evolution of regulatory functions that result in novel morphologies.