gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of β‐Mannopyranosides by Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery: Scope and Limitations of the Existing Methodology. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Isogenous Asymmetric–Symmetric Acceptors Enable Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Thin and 300 nm Thick Active Layers Simultaneously (2022)

Abstract Integrating desirable light absorption, energy levels, and morphology in one matrix is always the aspiration to construct high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an asymmetric acceptor Y6‐1O is incorporated into the binary blends of acceptor Y7‐BO and donor PM6 to prepare ternary OSCs. Two isogenous asymmetric–symmetric acceptors with similar chemical skeletons tend to form alloy‐like state in blends due to their good compatibility, which contributes to optimizing the morphology for efficient charge generation and extraction. The complementary absorption of two acceptors helps to improve the photon harvesting of ternary blends, and the higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of Y6‐1O offers the chance to uplift the mixed LUMO energy levels of acceptors. Combining the aforesaid benefits, the ternary OSCs with 10 wt% Y6‐1O produce a top‐ranked power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.11% with simultaneously elevated short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltage, and fill factor in comparison to Y7‐BO‐based binary devices. Furthermore, the optimized ternary OSCs with ≈300 nm active layers obtain a champion PCE of 16.61%, which is the highest value for thick‐film devices reported so far. This work puts forward an avenue for further boosting the performance of OSCs with two isogenous acceptors but different asymmetric structures.
A Mild and Efficient Protocol for the Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Olefins by a Catalytic Decarbonylative Elimination Reaction. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Immobilization, Trapping, and Anion Exchange of Perrhenate Ion Using Copper-Based Tripodal Complexes (2011)

We describe a multidentate tripodal ligand in which three pendant arms carrying di(2-picolyl)amine units are linked to the ortho positions of a tris(o-xylyl) scaffold, providing N(CH(2)-o-C(6)H(4)CH(2)N(CH(2)py)(2))(3) (L). Reaction of L with CuCl(2) in the presence of hexafluorophosphate anion afforded blue cubes of [(CuCl)(3)L](PF(6))(3)·5H(2)O (1). Crystallographic studies of 1 revealed that the three symmetry-related arms each coordinate a {Cu(II)Cl} unit, and two molecules of 1 are connected to one another through a Cu(μ-Cl)(2)Cu bridge, extending the molecular structure to form a two-dimensional (2-D) layer. These 2-D layers pack in an ABCABC... fashion with PF(6)(-) anions located in between. Reaction of 1 with a stoichiometric amount of perrhenate ion afforded blue plates of [(CuCl)(3)L](PF(6))(ReO(4))(2)·3H(2)O (2). Compound 2 has the same lattice structure as 1, but the tricopper unit backbone now traps one ReO(4)(-) anion through Coulombic interactions. In addition, three molecules of 2 are bridged by a perrhenate ion, forming a Cu(3)(μ(3)-ReO(4)) cluster, to give a different 2-D structure displaying a rare tridentate bridging ReO(4)(-) mode. Thus, in addition to classic perrhenate trapping through weak Coulombic interactions, 2 represents an exceptional example in which the ReO(4)(-) anion is immobilized in an extended framework through tight covalent interactions. The interlamellar PF(6)(-) anions in 1 can be exchanged with other anions including perrhenate, perchlorate, or periodate. The structural similarity between perrhenate and pertechnetate makes these materials of potential interest for pertechnetate trapping.
Diverse Sequences within Tlr Elements Target Programmed DNA Elimination in <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> (2003)

Tlr elements are a novel family of approximately 30 putative mobile genetic elements that are confined to the germ line micronuclear genome in Tetrahymena thermophila. Thousands of diverse germ line-limited sequences, including the Tlr elements, are specifically eliminated from the differentiating somatic macronucleus. Macronucleus-retained sequences flanking deleted regions are known to contain cis-acting signals that delineate elimination boundaries. It is unclear whether sequences within deleted DNA also play a regulatory role in the elimination process. In the current study, an in vivo DNA rearrangement assay was used to identify internal sequences required in cis for the elimination of Tlr elements. Multiple, nonoverlapping regions from the approximately 23-kb Tlr elements were independently sufficient to stimulate developmentally regulated DNA elimination when placed within the context of flanking sequences from the most thoroughly characterized family member, Tlr1. Replacement of element DNA with macronuclear or foreign DNA abolished elimination activity. Thus, diverse sequences dispersed throughout Tlr DNA contain cis-acting signals that target these elements for programmed elimination. Surprisingly, Tlr DNA was also efficiently deleted when Tlr1 flanking sequences were replaced with DNA from a region of the genome that is not normally associated with rearrangement, suggesting that specific flanking sequences are not required for the elimination of Tlr element DNA.
Figure S7 from Remodeling of Stromal Immune Microenvironment by Urolithin A Improves Survival with Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Recorded body weights of PKT mice treated with Uro A, aPD-1 and Uro A+aPD-1.&lt;/p&gt;
Deep-Time Structural Evolution of Retroviral and Filoviral Surface Envelope Proteins (2022)

The retroviral surface envelope protein subunit (SU) mediates receptor binding and triggers membrane fusion by the transmembrane (TM) subunit. SU evolves rapidly under strong selective conditions, resulting in seemingly unrelated SU structures in highly divergent retroviruses. Structural modeling of the SUs of several retroviruses and related endogenous retroviral elements with AlphaFold 2 identifies a TM-proximal SU β-sandwich structure that has been conserved in the orthoretroviruses for at least 110 million years. The SU of orthoretroviruses diversified by the differential expansion of the β-sandwich core to form domains involved in virus-host interactions. The β-sandwich domain is also conserved in the SU equivalent GP<sub>1</sub> of Ebola virus although with a significantly different orientation in the trimeric envelope protein structure relative to the β-sandwich of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120, with significant evidence for divergent rather than convergent evolution. The unified structural view of orthoretroviral SU and filoviral GP<sub>1</sub> identifies an ancient, structurally conserved, and evolvable domain underlying the structural diversity of orthoretroviral SU and filoviral GP<sub>1</sub>. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The structural relationships of SUs of retroviral groups are obscured by the high rate of sequence change of SU and the deep-time divergence of retroviral lineages. Previous data showed no structural or functional relationships between the SUs of type C gammaretroviruses and lentiviruses. A deeper understanding of structural relationships between the SUs of different retroviral lineages would allow the generalization of critical processes mediated by these proteins in host cell infection. Modeling of SUs with AlphaFold 2 reveals a conserved core domain underlying the structural diversity of orthoretroviral SUs. Definition of the conserved SU structural core allowed the identification of a homologue structure in the SU equivalent GP<sub>1</sub> of filoviruses that most likely shares an origin, unifying the SU of orthoretroviruses and GP<sub>1</sub> of filoviruses into a single protein family. These findings will allow an understanding of the structural basis for receptor-mediated membrane fusion mechanisms in a broad range of biomedically important retroviruses.
Synthesis of Functionalized 1,3‐Thiazine Libraries Combining Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Post‐Cleavage Modification Methods (2004)

The solid-phase synthesis of diverse sets of 1,3-thiazine-5-carboxylates on Wang resin is described. Acetoacetylation, followed by Knoevenagel condensation and an acid-promoted ring-closure reaction with thioureas furnished polymer-bound 1,3-thiazines. As an alternative to transesterification, a de-novo synthesis of beta-keto esters, starting from polymer-bound malonic acid through reaction with acyl imidazoles, was applied to increase the diversity. To reduce contamination, an on-bead purification of resin-bound 1,3-thiazines that makes use of differences in the reactivity of ester bonds toward alkoxides is reported. A final four-step post-cleavage modification of thiazine-5-carboxylates, derived by TFA cleavage from the Wang linker, leads to esters or amides. Twenty 1,3-thiazines were obtained in yields of up to 61 % over either 9 or 13 steps.
Spin-polarized photoemission studies of the exchange splitting of the Gd 5<i>d</i>electrons near the Curie temperature (1995)

Spin-polarized photoemission was employed to investigate the temperature dependence of the exchange splitting of Gd(0001) for both the surface state near the Fermi level ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$ and the 5d bulk bands. The bulk bands at 1--2 eV below ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$ show Stoner-like behavior where two peaks with opposite spin polarization shift toward each other as the temperature increases. In contrast, the temperature dependence of the surface state indicates spin-mixing behavior due to fluctuating local moments. These differences are attributed to the degree of itinerancy of the 5d electrons in the two cases.
Boosted Activity of Cobalt Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis with BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4–<i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> Electrides (2023)

Electrides are promising support materials to promote transition metal catalysts for ammonia synthesis due to their strong electron-donating ability. Cobalt (Co) is an alternative non-noble metal catalyst to ruthenium in ammonia synthesis; however, it is difficult to achieve acceptable activity at low temperatures due to the weak Co-N interaction. Here, we report a novel oxyhydride electride, BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4-<i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub>, that can significantly promote ammonia synthesis over Co (500 mmol g<sub>Co</sub><sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> at 340 °C and 0.90 MPa) with a very low activation energy (49.6 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>; 260-360 °C), which outperforms the state-of-the-art Co-based catalysts, being comparable to the latest Ru catalyst at 300 °C. BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4-<i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> with a stuffed tridymite structure has interstitial cage sites where anionic electrons are accommodated. The surface of BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4-<i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> with very low work functions (1.7-2.6 eV) can donate electrons strongly to Co, which largely facilitates N<sub>2</sub> reduction into ammonia with the aid of the lattice H<sup>-</sup> ions. The stuffed tridymite structure of BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4-<i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> with a three-dimensional AlO<sub>4</sub>-based tetrahedral framework has great chemical stability and protects the accommodated electrons and H<sup>-</sup> ions from oxidation, leading to robustness toward the ambient atmosphere and good reusability, which is a significant advantage over the reported hydride-based catalysts.
Supplementary Tables 1-3 from Chemosensitivity Profiles Identify Polymorphisms in the p53 Network Genes 14-3-3τ and CD44 That Affect Sarcoma Incidence and Survival (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-3 from Chemosensitivity Profiles Identify Polymorphisms in the p53 Network Genes 14-3-3τ and CD44 That Affect Sarcoma Incidence and Survival
Movie S4 from Self-Maintaining CD103&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Cancer-Specific T Cells Are Highly Energetic with Rapid Cytotoxic and Effector Responses (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Movie S4 shows CD103- T cell killing HCT116 cancer cell, by calcium flux imaging.&lt;/p&gt;
An analytical model for the current voltage characteristics of GaN-capped AlGaN/GaN and AlInN/GaN HEMTs including thermal and self-heating effects (2020)

We present an analytical model for the I-V characteristics of AlGaN/GaN and AlInN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT). Our study focuses on the influence of a GaN capping layer, and of thermal and self-heating effects. Spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations at Al (Ga,In)N/GaN and GaN/Al(Ga,In)N interfaces have been incorporated in the analysis. Our model permits to fit several published data. Our results indicate that the GaN cap layer reduces the sheet density of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), leading to a decrease of the drain current, and that n+-doped GaN cap layer provides a higher sheet density than undoped one. In n+GaN/AlInN/GaN HEMTs, the sheet carrier concentration is higher than in n+GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, due to the higher spontaneous polarization charge and conduction band discontinuity at the substrate/barrier layer interface.
Radiation Trapping in Coherent Media (2001)

We show that the effective decay rate of Zeeman coherence, generated in a (87)Rb vapor by linearly polarized laser light, increases significantly with the atomic density. We explain this phenomenon as the result of radiation trapping. Our study shows that radiation trapping must be taken into account to fully understand many electromagnetically induced transparency experiments with optically thick media.
Volumetric Calculation of Quantization Error in 3-D Vision Systems (2020)

This paper investigates how the inherent quantization of camera sensors introduces uncertainty in the calculated position of an observed feature during 3-D mapping. It is typically assumed that pixels and scene features are points, however, a pixel is a two-dimensional area that maps onto multiple points in the scene. This uncertainty region is a bound for quantization error in the calculated point positions. Earlier studies calculated the volume of two intersecting pixel views, approximated as a cuboid, by projecting pyramids and cones from the pixels into the scene. In this paper, we reverse this approach by generating an array of scene points and calculating which scene points are detected by which pixel in each camera. This enables us to map the uncertainty regions for every pixel correspondence for a given camera system in one calculation, without approximating the complex shapes. The dependence of the volumes of the uncertainty regions on camera baseline length, focal length, pixel size, and distance to object, shows that earlier studies overestimated the quantization error by at least a factor of two. For static camera systems the method can also be used to determine volumetric scene geometry without the need to calculate disparity maps.
Building a Context-Aware Ambient Assisted Living Application Using a Self-Adaptive Distributed Model (2009)

International audience
Supplementary Figure 4 from CpG Island Methylator Phenotype–Positive Tumors in the Absence of &lt;i&gt;MLH1&lt;/i&gt; Methylation Constitute a Distinct Subset of Duodenal Adenocarcinomas and Are Associated with Poor Prognosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 545K, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of time-to-recurrence in 99 patients with duodenal adenocarcinomas by (A) age, (B) stage, (C) differentiation, and (D) chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table from African Ancestry–Associated Gene Expression Profiles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Underlie Altered Tumor Biology and Clinical Outcome in Women of African Descent (2023)

Supplementary Table from African Ancestry–Associated Gene Expression Profiles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Underlie Altered Tumor Biology and Clinical Outcome in Women of African Descent
Differentiation of Multiple Mechanical Stimuli by a Flexible Sensor Using a Dual-Interdigital-Electrode Layout for Bodily Kinesthetic Identification (2021)

Human bodily kinesthetic sensing is generally complicated and ever-changing due to the diversity of body deformation as well as the complexity of mechanical stimulus, which is different from the unidirectional mechanical motion. So, there exists a huge challenge for current flexible sensors to accurately differentiate and identify what kind of external mechanical stimulus is exerted via analyzing digital signals. Here, we report a flexible dual-interdigital-electrode sensor (FDES) that consists of two interdigital electrodes and a highly pressure-sensitive porous conductive sponge. The FDES can precisely identify multiple mechanical stimuli, e.g., pressing, positive bending, negative bending, <i>X</i>-direction stretching, and <i>Y</i>-direction stretching, and convert them into corresponding current variation signals. Moreover, the FDES exhibits other exceptional properties, such as high sensitivity, stretchability, large measurement range, and outstanding stability, accompanied by simple structural design and low-cost processing simultaneously. Additionally, our FDES successfully identifies various complex activities of the human body, which lays a foundation for the further development of multimode flexible sensors.
A Dynamic Area of Interest Management and Collaboration Model for P2P MMOGs (2008)

In this paper, we present a dynamic area of interest management for massively multiplayer online games (MMOG). Instead of mapping the virtual space to the area of interest (AOI), we scheme AOIs to the virtual space. This zoneless MMOG is the consequence of dynamic AOI that redeems the necessity of inter-AOI communication. In addition, the AOI maintenance cost is reduced significantly by assigning the maintenance responsibility to a subset of players for each AOI. Due to the integration of peer-to-peer communication model to the system, the scalability has improved. To satisfy the timing constraints, the projection of the underling network topology to the overlay network is more fruitful than building the overlay on the fly unintelligently. In response to this fact, the proposed communication model adapts a geometric algorithm which is usually used for minimax problem. The model is evaluated and justified through proper simulation.
The Atomic Bose Gas in Flatland (2006)

We describe a recent experiment performed with rubidium atoms (87Rb), aiming at studying the coherence properties of a two‐dimensional gas of bosonic particles at low temperature. We have observed in particular a Berezinskii‐Kosterlitz‐Thouless (BKT) type crossover in the system, using a matter wave heterodyning technique. At low temperatures, the gas is quasi‐coherent on the length scale set by the system size. As the temperature is increased, the loss of long‐range coherence coincides with the onset of the proliferation of free vortices, in agreement with the microscopic BKT theory.
Necl-5/Poliovirus Receptor Interacts With VEGFR2 and Regulates VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis (2012)

These results demonstrate the critical role of Necl-5 in angiogenesis and suggest that Necl-5 may regulate the VEGF-induced angiogenesis by controlling the interaction of VEGFR2 with integrin α(v)β(3), and the VEGFR2-mediated Rap1-Akt signaling pathway.
Requirements or recommendations? Sorting out NERC CIP, NIST, and DOE cybersecurity (2011)

Oil and gas, water and electric power - all of these essential services rely on SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), protection, and monitoring systems that use communications networks. The use of communications networks makes these systems potentially vulnerable to cyberattack. Over the past decade, faced with an increase in computer hacking and the recognition of the importance of these services to health and welfare, economic stability, and national security, the United States federal government has been increasingly involved in efforts to assist utilities in improving their security posture. Smart grid has become synonymous with asynchronous, nonmission-critical information exchange applications. Smart grid infrastructure describes the existing, yet largely unrecognized, mission-critical control applications that enable generation and delivery of power. Smart grid infrastructure applications require deterministic and synchronous message exchange, including automation and teleprotection. Today, utilities are faced with a confusing array of cybersecurity guidance, standards, and regulatory requirements. Electric utilities operating bulk power system assets must comply with eight NERC (North American Electric Reliability Corporation) CIP (Critical Infrastructure Protection) standards that are in the process of being revised. Federal entities are required by the FISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002) to comply with NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) standards. Under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Congress gave NIST the task of developing a framework of interoperability and cybersecurity for smart grid applications. To date, the framework has been primarily focused on smart grid information exchange applications that use asynchronous data flow, including metering, demand response, and the near realtime elements of substation and distribution automation. These automation elements and other smart grid infrastructure applications that require deterministic synchronous data exchange, including teleprotection and synchrophasor state measurement, remain a future endeavor. This paper discusses various cybersecurity requirements and presents a clear picture of work being done by NIST to explain what is required and recommended and what utilities should expect to see in the near future as NERC and NIST work continues.
Paracrine Release of IL-12 Stimulates IFN-γ Production and Dramatically Enhances the Antigen-Specific T Cell Response after Vaccination with a Novel Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccine (2004)

Interleukin-12 can act as a potent adjuvant for T cell vaccines, but its clinical use is limited by toxicity. Paracrine administration of IL-12 could significantly enhance the response to such vaccines without the toxicity associated with systemic administration. We have developed a novel vaccine delivery system (designated F2 gel matrix) composed of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine that has the dual properties of a sustained-release delivery system and a potent adjuvant. To test the efficacy of paracrine IL-12, we incorporated this cytokine into F2 gel matrix and monitored the response of OT-1 T cells in an adoptive transfer model. Recipient mice were vaccinated with F2 gel/SIINFEKL, F2 gel/SIINFEKL/IL-12 (paracrine IL-12), or F2 gel/SIINFEKL plus systemic IL-12 (systemic IL-12). Systemic levels of IL-12 were lower in paracrine IL-12-treated mice, suggesting that paracrine administration of IL-12 may be associated with less toxicity. However, paracrine administration of IL-12 was associated with an enhanced Ag-specific T cell proliferative and functional response. Furthermore, paracrine IL-12 promoted the generation of a stable, functional memory T cell population and was associated with protection from tumor challenge. To study the mechanisms underlying this enhanced response, wild-type and gene-deficient mice were used. The enhanced immune response was significantly reduced in IFN-gamma(-/-) and IL-12R beta 2(-/-) recipient mice suggesting that the role of IL-12 is mediated, at least in part, by host cells. Collectively, the results support the potential of F2 gel matrix as a vaccine delivery system and suggest that sustained paracrine release of IL-12 has potential clinical application.