gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Phononic Material for Passive Flow Control (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3330.vid Phononic materials have rich frequency-dependent characteristics that can be designed into their geometry. These characteristics can open up new avenues for passively controlling flow instabilities with intrinsic frequency content. Recent numerical studies demonstrated the potential of phononic materials to control flow instabilities through the band gap resonance, which induces out-of-phase motion between the fluid and solid surface. Here, we introduce a phononic material design that exhibits tailorable band gap resonances that can passively control flow instabilities with characteristic frequency content. To this end, we first characterized the band structure of an infinitely periodic phononic material using finite element simulations. We next constructed a finite version of the phononic material with an encasing, which enables a smooth solid interface between the phononic material and the moving fluid in aerodynamic applications. Then, we performed harmonic analysis on this finite encased phononic material to numerically investigate its structural response under boundary loading exerted on the interface. The simulation results show that the proposed phononic material can achieve a wide out-of-phase frequency range above the band gap resonance, which could be used to mitigate flow instabilities. Finally, the finite phononic material with encasing was 3D printed and experimentally examined to validate the structural simulation results. These results can be used to inform future designs of phononic materials for passive flow control applications.
Biosynthesis of Chloroplast Glycerolipids (1987)

The glycerolipids of the chloroplast comprise monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG)*, digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquin-ovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). PG is the only one of these found outside the chloroplast. While the synthesis of fatty acids is exclusively in the plastid of higher plants, the synthesis of the unique glycerolipids of the chloroplast requires contributions from the cytoplasmic compartment. The fatty acids synthesized in the plastid are exported to the cytoplasmic compartment as acyl- CoAs generated by enzymic activity of the outer membrane of the plastid envelope. These acyl- CoAs are utilized in the synthesis of phospholipids in the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. The fatty acid specificity in the synthesis of phosphatidyl choline (PC) is such that palmitate (16:0) is never found at the sn-2 position. Thus the predominant molecular species are sn1-18, sn2-18 and sn1-16, sn2-18. These molecular species of PC supply the diacylglycerol (DAG) moiety for synthesis of MGDG, DGDG, and SQDG in the plastid. In some cases ("18:3 plants") the DAG from PC is the sole supplier of DAG moieties to the three glycolipids. The mechanism of transfer of the DAG from PC to the chloroplast moiety is unknown.
Ultra-Sensitive Duffing Behavior of a Microcantilever (2008)

We investigate the properties of an electrostatically driven microcantilever exhibiting duffing-like behavior using harmonic detection of resonance. Its potential use as a highly sensitive sensing platform is discussed. We find high sensitivity of this duffing system near its bistability point in a gaseous environment. The response of the higher harmonics of the measured charge on the cantilever induced by an ac voltage that drives the counter electrode is investigated. In particular, we follow the duffing behavior at the higher harmonics (up to the sixth harmonic) as a function of gap distance between the cantilever and counter electrode. To our knowledge, this work represents the first experimental demonstration of sensing a pressure change using the duffing behavior.
High-Speed Private Information Retrieval Computation on GPU (2008)

A Private Information Retrieval (PIR) scheme is a protocol in which a user retrieves a record out of n from a replicated database, while hiding from the database which record has been retrieved, as long as the different replicas do not collude. A specially interesting sub-field of research, called single-database PIR, deals with the schemes that allow a user to retrieve privately an element of a non-replicated database. In these schemes, user privacy is related to the intractability of a mathematical problem, instead of being based on the assumption that different replicas exist and do not collude against their users. Single-database PIR schemes have generated an enormous amount of research in the privacy protection field during the last two decades. However, many scientists believe that these are theoretical tools unusable in almost any situation. It is true that these schemes usually require the database to use a lot of computational power, but considering the large number of applications these protocols have, it is important to develop practical approaches that provide acceptable performances for as many applications as possible. We present in this article a proof-of-concept implementation of a single-database PIR scheme proposed by Aguilar and Gaborit [2, 3]. This implementation can run in a CPU or in a GPU using CUDA, nVidia’s library for General Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU). The performance results highlight that linear algebra PIR schemes allow to process database contents several orders of magnitude faster than previous protocols.
Supplementary Figure S4 from NMS-E973, a Novel Synthetic Inhibitor of Hsp90 with Activity against Multiple Models of Drug Resistance to Targeted Agents, Including Intracranial Metastases (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4 - PDF file 56K, Antiproliferative activity of NMS-E973 in a panel of BAF3 cells dependent on wild-type and mutated ALK&lt;/p&gt;
L1 pseudo-Vz estimation and deghosting of single-component marine towed-streamer data (2013)

ABSTRACT We present a novel technique estimating the vertical component of particle motion from marine single-component pressure data. The particle motion data, bar an angle-dependent obliquity factor, is computed by convolution of the output from L1 deconvolution of the pressure ghost wavelet with the corresponding ghost wavelet of the particle motion. The estimated particle motion data is then used in a conventional 2D technique for receiver ghost attenuation by combination with the original pressure-wave data. The proposed new technique operates in the τ-p domain of individual shot-streamer records and in overlapping windows along the intercept-time axis. In each window, the L1 deconvolution is achieved by an iteratively reweighted-norm least squares algorithm. We applied our technique to deep-tow streamer data of a 3D over/sparse-under marine survey, in which six streamers were towed at a shallow depth, with two additional streamers towed deeper. Over/sparse-under technology allows using seismic measurements from a shallow streamer to be complemented by a low-frequency limited measurement from a deep streamer to achieve an estimate of the up-going pressure wave recording. The low frequencies of the deep streamer are used to boost the low frequencies of the shallow streamer, which have been heavily attenuated by the shallow tow ghost response. Our technique achieves, on this particular data, set improvements in bandwidth of the single-component pressure data, while not fully reaching the quality of the optimally deghosted data from the over/sparse-under survey.
Achieving zT &gt; 1 in Inexpensive Zintl Phase Ca<sub>9</sub>Zn<sub>4+</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Sb<sub>9</sub> by Phase Boundary Mapping (2017)

Complex multinary compounds (ternary, quaternary, and higher) offer countless opportunities for discovering new semiconductors for applications such as photovoltaics and thermoelectrics. However, controlling doping has been a major challenge in complex semiconductors as there are many possibilities for charged intrinsic defects (e.g., vacancies, interstitials, antisite defects) whose energy depends on competing impurity phases. Even in compounds with no apparent deviation from a stoichiometric nominal composition, such defects commonly lead to free carrier concentrations in excess of 10 20 cm −3 . Nevertheless, by slightly altering the nominal composition, these defect concentrations can be tuned with small variation of the chemical potentials (composition) of each element. While the variation of chemical composition is undetectable, it is shown that the changes can be inferred by mapping (in nominal composition space) the boundaries where different competing impurity phases form. In the inexpensive Zintl compound Ca 9 Zn 4+ x Sb 9 , the carrier concentrations can be finely tuned within three different three‐phase regions by altering the nominal composition ( x = 0.2–0.8), enabling the doubling of thermoelectric performance (zT). Because of the low thermal conductivity, the zT can reach as high as 1.1 at 875 K, which is one of the highest among the earth abundant p‐type thermoelectrics with no ion conducting.
Enantioselective degradation of dufulin pesticide in water: Uptake, thermodynamics, and kinetics studies (2019)

Kudzu (Pueraria thunbergiana) plant extract impregnated sediments were used for abiotic and biotic uptakes and biodegradation. The optimized conditions were 25 μg L<sup>-1</sup> concentration, 7 days for abiotic uptake and 56 days for biotic uptake and biodegradation, dose 2 g L<sup>-1</sup> , 7 pH, and 35°C temperature. The amount removed of dufulin was 32.6% in abiotic conditions while these were 90% in the case of biotic uptake and biodegradation. Enantioselective biodegradation indicated that S-(+)-enantiomer degraded faster (90%) than R-(-)-enantiomer (87%). The data for abiotic and biotic uptakes and biodegradation followed well Langmuir, thermodynamics, and kinetics models. All these processes followed pseudo first-order kinetics. It was observed that biodegradation was three times responsible for dufulin removal than simple sorption uptake (abiotic and biotic). The abiotic and biotic uptakes and biodegradation were quite fast and endothermic nature. The developed method may be used to remove the racemic and enantiomeric dufulin in water.
PFL Output Switch Options for Gamble III (2020)

NRL is exploring options for the pulse-forming line (PFL) output switch on the Gamble III generator <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , currently in design. The Gamble I and II series of generators were the first terawatt scale machines in the Western world to employ water for energy storage <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and although ubiquitous now, it was originally unclear whether this was a good idea, hence the name “Gamble”. Gamble III will continue with the use of water for the intermediate store (IS) capacitors and the pulse forming line (PFL) output. However, to increase reliability, we aim to improve both the IS (between IS and PFL) switch and PFL output switch. We have already decided to replace the self-breaking water IS switch of Gamble II with three laser triggered gas switches, similar to those used on the much newer Mercury <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> generator at NRL. However, experiments are needed on Gamble II to determine whether the self-breaking oil switch <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> used on Gamble II can be replaced with a combination of self-breaking water PFL switch and self-breaking water prepulse switch, in a similar way as is done in Mercury. This paper will detail the design of water PFL and prepulse switches and the results from testing this new hardware on Gamble II generator. These tests are done to better inform the design of these switches for Gamble III and, ultimately, the choice between water and oil for the PFL switch medium.
Joint User Scheduling, Precoder Design, and Transmit Direction Selection in MIMO TDD Small Cell Networks (2017)

New short-length single-direction frame structures are proposed for 5G time division duplex (TDD) systems, where the transmit direction [i.e., either downlink (DL) or uplink (UL)] can be independently chosen at each cell in every frame. Accordingly, high flexibility is provided to match the per-cell DL/UL traffic asymmetries and full exploitation of dynamic TDD is allowed. As a downside, interference management becomes crucial. In this regard, this paper proposes a procedure for dynamic TDD in dense multiple-input multiple-output small cell networks, where the transmit direction selected per small cell (SC) is dynamically optimized together with the user scheduling and transmit precoding. We focus on the maximization of a general utility function that takes into account the DL/UL traffic asymmetries of each user and the interference conditions in the network. Although the problem is non-convex, it is decomposed thanks to the interference-cost concept and then efficiently solved in parallel. Simulation results show gains in DL and UL average rates for different traffic asymmetries and SC/user densities as compared to existing dynamic TDD schemes thanks to the proposed joint optimization. The gains become more significant when there is high interference and limited number of antennas.
Speed sign detection and recognition by convolutional neural networks (2011)

From the desire to update the maximum road speed data for navigation devices, a speed sign recognition and detection system is proposed. This system should prevent accidental speeding at roads where the map data is incorrect for example due to construction work. Multiple examples of road sign classification systems already exist but none uses a fully trainable solution. This feature enables the "vendor" to easily add new speed signs by training with a set of examples instead of designing a new system. To meet the above requirements a fully trainable Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used for the detection and recognition of speed signs. The system is trained with a labelled set of examples of speed sign images. Training of the total classification system is done off-line with the of error back-propagation algorithm. A trained system is used to collect new training data from road scene images to learn from previous errors, this technique is known as boosting. After the boosting step 0.19% of the images in our online available test set are misclassified. For the detection application the search window of the trained CNN is scaled to a 1280×720 HD image size to detect speed signs at multiple scales and positions in front of a vehicle. Because of the massive amount of parallelism in the computations of a CNN the algorithm is mapped to a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The GPU implementation demonstrates the abilities of the recognition system on a low cost consumer platform with a real-time frame rate of 35 fps.
Structural Consequences of Ferroelectric Nanolithography (2011)

Domains of remnant polarization can be written into ferroelectrics with nanoscale precision using scanning probe nanolithography techniques such as piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Understanding the structural effects accompanying this process has been challenging due to the lack of appropriate structural characterization tools. Synchrotron X-ray nanodiffraction provides images of the domain structure written by PFM into an epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O(3) thin film and simultaneously reveals structural effects arising from the writing process. A coherent scattering simulation including the superposition of the beams simultaneously diffracted by multiple mosaic blocks provides an excellent fit to the observed diffraction patterns. Domains in which the polarization is reversed from the as-grown state have a strain of up to 0.1% representing the piezoelectric response to unscreened surface charges. An additional X-ray microdiffraction study of the photon-energy dependence of the difference in diffracted intensity between opposite polarization states shows that this contrast has a crystallographic origin. The sign and magnitude of the intensity contrast between domains of opposite polarization are consistent with the polarization expected from PFM images and with the writing of domains through the entire thickness of the ferroelectric layer. The strain induced by writing provides a significant additional contribution to the increased free energy of the written domain state with respect to a uniformly polarized state.
Fabric Stratification Manifolds for Solar Water Heating (1994)

The level of thermal stratification that can be maintained in forced-flow, direct solar water-heating systems using a fabric manifold is studied in a 372-liter tank with an inlet flow rate of 0.07 1/s. A rib-knit, lightweight, spun-orlon acrylic is the most effective manifold material in a comparative study of 13 synthetic and natural fabrics. Thermal stratification (or more appropriately mixing) in the tank equipped with this acrylic manifold is compared to the level of stratification achieved using a rigid, porous manifold and a conventional drop-tube inlet. Initial tank temperature profile, temperature of the water entering the tank, and test duration are varied in three testing schemes. Comparison of vertical temperature profiles and height-weighted energy stored in the tank indicate that under realistic operating conditions, the fabric manifold is 4 percent more effective than the rigid manifold, and 48 percent more effective than the conventional drop-tube inlet.
The Effects of Processing on the Topology and Mechanical Properties of Negative Poisson’s Ratio Foams (2005)

Combined heat treatment and applied mechanical strains have been employed to modify the structure and properties of polyurethane (PU) foams. Consequently, foams with a range of pore sizes, shapes and orientations have been produced, including those possessing auxetic (negative Poisson’s ratio) behaviour. Four conversion conditions were employed: triaxial, biaxial and uniaxial compression (to linear compression ratios of 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7) and uniaxial tension to (linear extension ratios of 1.1 and 1.2). The converted foams were then observed by either SEM or optical microscopy, as appropriate, to determine the pore structure. Mechanical properties were measured using tensile testing in conjunction with videoextensometry, allowing the values of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio to be ascertained. Increased anisotropy in the pore structure and elastic properties was observed. The biaxial as well as the triaxial conversion routes led to auxetic behaviour for the PU foams.
Hybrid Treatment Process of using MIEX and High Performance Composite Coagulant for DOM and Bromide Removal (2012)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bromide, two primary precursors of disinfection by-products, cannot be effectively removed by conventional coagulation processes. Alternative methods are required to ensure the safety of drinking water. The effectiveness of using magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) and high-performance coagulant (HPAC) in a hybrid process for the removal of turbidity, DOM, and bromide in raw water supplies was investigated. Results showed that a wide range of DOM, with different molecular weights (MWs) containing soluble microbial byproduct-like organic matters, aromatic protein, and fulvic/humic acid, was removed by MIEX in the two studied water sources. In addition, up to 91% of bromide was removed in bromide spiked raw waters. In comparison, HPAC coagulation did not effectively eliminate low MW or soluble microbial byproduct-like organic matters in raw water. The combined MIEX and HPAC process more significantly improved the performance of turbidity, DOM, and bromide removal than coagulation alone. With MIEX pretreatment, the requisite HPAC dosage was reduced by at least 67%.
SSCS Macau Chapter Holds Lectures by Prof. Robert Bogdan Staszewski [Chapters] (2018)

Presents information on various SSC Society chapters.
Failure of Chelation Therapy in Lead Nephropathy (1984)

A patient with lead nephropathy and gout was treated with three months of edetic acid chelation. The therapy resulted in normalization of a previously abnormal result of edetic acid lead mobilization test. Nevertheless, progressive renal insufficiency occurred. At autopsy, an increased bone lead content was documented, suggesting that the edetic acid lead mobilization test may underestimate total body lead stores and that chelation therapy may not be effective in reversing advanced lead nephropathy. Alternatively, a longer period of therapy may be necessary to remove lead stores. More studies are needed to determine the relationship between the results of the edetic acid test and bone lead stores. Methods other than the edetic acid lead mobilization test should be considered to monitor the adequacy of treatment in lead nephropathy.
Functional modeling of NMIHBA-causing <i>PRUNE1</i> variants reveals a requirement for its exopolyphosphatase activity (2020)

Abstract Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies (NMIHBA) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by global developmental delay and severe intellectual disability. Microcephaly, progressive cortical atrophy, cerebellar hypoplasia and delayed myelination are neurological hallmarks in affected individuals. NMIHBA is caused by biallelic variants in PRUNE1 encoding prune exopolyphosphatase 1. We provide in-depth clinical description of two affected siblings harboring compound heterozygous variant alleles, c.383G&gt;A (p.Arg128Gln), c.520G&gt;T (p.Gly174*) in PRUNE1 . To gain insights into disease biology, we biochemically characterized missense variants within the conserved N-terminal aspartic acid-histidine-histidine (DHH) motif and provide evidence that they result in the destabilization of protein structure and/or loss of exopolyphosphatase activity. Genetic ablation of Prune1 results in midgestational lethality in mice, associated with perturbations to embryonic growth and vascular development. Our findings suggest that NMIHBA results from hypomorphic variant alleles in humans and underscore the potential key role of PRUNE1 exopolyphoshatase activity in neurodevelopment.
Two-stage hydrocracking of long-chain paraffins contained in the heavy distillate in a coal liquid. (1986)

石炭液化油の重質留分に多ぐ含まれるC20～C30の長鎖パラフィン類は,一段階水素化分解処理では分解しにくく,また蒸留でも分離除去することが困難である。本研究では,液化油重質留分あるいは残留油の脱窒素率およびパラフィン分解率の向上あるいは重質成分の軽質化に対して効果が見られた低温水素化・高温水素化分解の二段階水素化処理を,Wandoan炭液化油重質留分に含まれる=長鎖パラフィン類に適用し,その分解率の向上を図った。また,ペンタコサン(n-C25H52)を重質芳香族炭化水素(フルオランテン)と混合した系に対する二段階水素化分解における各モデル化合物の反応挙動を検討して,各段階で要求される触媒機能活性低下の原因ならびに共存溶媒の触媒反応に対する効果を考察した。一段階反応では重質油中の極性および芳香族成分の水素化が不十分で,これらが触媒上に強吸着してパラフィンの分解反応を阻害するが,二段階反応では第一段反応で前者の成分が十分に水素化されるため,っつぐ第二段反応でナフテン類の分解・軽質化だけでなく,パラフィン類の分解反応も促進されることが明らかとなった。