gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TH‐CD‐206‐12: Image‐Based Motion Estimation for Plaque Visualization in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (2016)

Purpose: Visualization and quantification of coronary artery calcification and atherosclerotic plaque benefits from coronary artery motion (CAM) artifact elimination. This work applies a rigid linear motion model to a Volume of Interest (VoI) for estimating motion estimation and compensation of image degradation in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA). Methods: In both simulation and testbench experiments, translational CAM was generated by displacement of the imaging object (i.e. simulated coronary artery and explanted human heart) by ∼8 mm, approximating the motion of a main coronary branch. Rotation was assumed to be negligible. A motion degraded region containing a calcification was selected as the VoI. Local residual motion was assumed to be rigid and linear over the acquisition window, simulating motion observed during diastasis. The (negative) magnitude of the image gradient of the reconstructed VoI was chosen as the motion estimation objective and was minimized with Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMAES). Results: Reconstruction incorporated the estimated CAM yielded signification recovery of fine calcification structures as well as reduced motion artifacts within the selected local region. The compensated reconstruction was further evaluated using two image similarity metrics, the structural similarity index (SSIM) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). At the calcification site, the compensated data achieved a 3% increase in SSIM and a 91.2% decrease in RMSE in comparison with the uncompensated reconstruction. Conclusion: Results demonstrate the feasibility of our image‐based motion estimation method exploiting a local rigid linear model for CAM compensation. The method shows promising preliminary results for the application of such estimation in CCTA. Further work will involve motion estimation of complex motion corrupted patient data acquired from clinical CT scanner.
Digital video watermarking in P-frames (2007)

Most video watermarking algorithms embed the watermark in I-frames, which are essential for the video signal, but refrain from embedding anything in P- and B-frames that are highly compressed by motion compensation. Furthermore, these algorithms do not take advantage of temporal masking in subjective perception of the video. In this paper, we explore the capacity of P-frames and the temporal masking effect in the video signal. The challenge in embedding watermark bits in P-frames is that the video bit rate can increase significantly. Thus, we choose to embed watermark bits only in nonzero AC residuals in P-frames. Changing zero-valued coefficients to nonzero values can significantly increase the video bit rate because H.264 (and earlier coders as well) uses run length codes. We show that avoiding zero-valued coefficients significantly reduces the percentage increase in the compressed video bit rate and makes watermark embedding in P-frames practical. Since the nonzero residuals in P-frames correspond to non-flat areas that are in motion, temporal and texture masking will be exploited at the same time. This is confirmed by showing the resemblance of the plots of the number of nonzero residuals in each frame to motion intensity plots.
Alterations of the IKBKG locus and diseases: an update and a report of 13 novel mutations (2008)

Mutations in the inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma (IKBKG), also called nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) essential modulator (NEMO), gene are the most common single cause of incontinentia pigmenti (IP) in females and anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (EDA-ID) in males. The IKBKG gene, located in the Xq28 chromosomal region, encodes for the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor of kappaB (IkB) kinase (IKK) complex required for the activation of the NF-kB pathway. Therefore, the remarkably heterogeneous and often severe clinical presentation reported in IP is due to the pleiotropic role of this signaling transcription pathway. A recurrent exon 4_10 genomic rearrangement in the IKBKG gene accounts for 60 to 80% of IP-causing mutations. Besides the IKBKG rearrangement found in IP females (which is lethal in males), a total of 69 different small mutations (missense, frameshift, nonsense, and splice-site mutations) have been reported, including 13 novel ones in this work. The updated distribution of all the IP- and EDA-ID-causing mutations along the IKBKG gene highlights a secondary hotspot mutation in exon 10, which contains only 11% of the protein. Furthermore, familial inheritance analysis revealed an unexpectedly high incidence of sporadic cases (>65%). The sum of the observations can aid both in determining the molecular basis of IP and EDA-ID allelic diseases, and in genetic counseling in affected families.
Detection of T‐Wave Beat‐By‐Beat Variations prior to Ventricular Arrhythmias Onset in ICD‐Stored Intracardiac Electrograms: The Endocardial T‐Wave Alternans Study (ETWAS) (2014)

Detection of beat-by-beat repolarization variations in ICD-stored EGMs is feasible in a significant subset of cases and may be used for predicting the onset of ventricular arrhythmias.
Nitroimidazoles for the Treatment of TB: Past, Present and Future (2011)

Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death resulting from an infectious agent, and the spread of multi- and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis poses a threat to management of global health. New drugs that effectively shorten the duration of treatment and are active against drug-resistant strains of this pathogen are urgently required to develop effective chemotherapies to combat this disease. Two nitroimidazoles, PA-824 and OPC-67683, are currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of TB and the outcome of these may determine the future directions of drug development for anti-tubercular nitroimidazoles. In this review we summarize the development of these nitroimidazoles and alternative analogs in these series that may offer attractive alternatives to PA-824 and OPC-67683 for further development in the drug-discovery pipeline. Lastly, the potential pitfalls in the development of nitroimidazoles as drugs for TB are discussed.
Developmental Expression Patterns of CFTR in Ferret Tracheal Surface Airway and Submucosal Gland Epithelia (1996)

Submucosal glands are a major site of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression in the human airway and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. In humans, strategies for gene targeting to submucosal glands will likely be dependent on in utero gene transfer to submucosal gland progenitors because of the inaccessibility of these regions from the fully developed airway. However, little is known about the ontogeny of CFTR gene expression in developing submucosal glands and the potential functional role(s) CFTR may have during gland development. To this end, we describe the partial cloning of the ferret CFTR cDNA which was used for in situ mRNA localization studies in developing ferret trachea. The ferret animal model is attractive for studies pertaining to the development of tracheal submucosal glands because postnatal tracheal development in this species mirrors in utero gland development in humans. Sequence analysis of the first nucleotide binding domain (NBD1) from ferret CFTR revealed a striking homology to the human gene at both the DNA (94.4%) and amino acid level (97%). Interestingly, this high level of amino acid homology extends to a group of mammalian species (ferret, human, sheep, and bovine) which have similar lung morphologies with respect to the presence of surface airway goblet cells and submucosal glands. In contrast, mouse and rat airways which are quite divergent from those of ferret, human, sheep, and bovine species with respect to secretory cell types in the airway and abundance of submucosal glands, demonstrate significantly less homology (80%) with respect to CFTR amino acid sequence in the NBD1 domain. Given that traditional phylogenetic classification of these species does not mirror the evolutionary conservation of CFTR, such findings would suggest that certain aspects of lung morphology may be reflected in the evolutionary conservation of CFTR NBD1 amino acid sequences. CFTR in situ hybridization studies in ferret trachea demonstrate a developmental increase (3-4 fold) in CFTR mRNA expression within the surface airway epithelium between -2 day to 5 wk which mirrors an increase in ciliogenesis over this time frame. Additionally, all stages of gland development including the most primordial gland-forming buds could be seen to contain infrequent cells which highly express CFTR at a level that remained constant throughout development. Such findings suggest that differentiation of gland progenitor cells to CFTR-expressing submucosal gland cells occurs very early within submucosal gland development and morphogenesis.
3-Cyanoallyl boronates are versatile building blocks in the synthesis of polysubstituted thiophenes (2017)

We report the preparation of hitherto unprecedented 3-cyanoallyl boronates using condensation of the parent α-boryl aldehyde and nitriles. The resulting allyl boronates have been used to generate a wide range of borylated thiophenes, which represent a valuable class of heterocycles in modern drug discovery. Subsequent Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling enabled the synthesis of pharmaceutically important 3,5-disubstituted aminothiophenes. Moreover, late stage functionalization gave access to borylated bromothiophene and thieno[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridines.
Health Effects Associated With Kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>) and Polysubstance Use: A Narrative Review (2022)

Increasing medical awareness of this herb is vital to ensuring prompt administration of best-practice medical advice or treatment for people seeking information related to kratom use or for patients experiencing an adverse health effect that may be associated with using or withdrawing from kratom. Knowledge gained from continued surveillance and study of kratom and its associated health effects may assist in guiding clinical decision-making and preventing development of adverse health effects among people using kratom.
Development of a three-dimensional body shape model of young children for child restraint design (2018)

The design of child restraints is guided in part by anthropometric data describing the distributions of body dimensions of children. However, three-dimensional body shape data have not been available for children younger than three years of age. This study presents body shape models for children weighing 9-23 kg in a seated posture relevant to child restraint design. A laboratory study collected surface geometry data of 67 children, ages 12-58 months. Novel template fitting methods were employed to obtain homologous meshes and to standardize the posture. Principal component analysis and regression were used to develop a statistical body shape model (SBSM). The SBSM was exercised to create 18 manikins representing children aged 1-3 years, with varying size and shape. These manikins will be useful for assessing child accommodation in restraints. The SBSM can also provide guidance for the development of anthropomorphic test devices and computational models of child occupants.
Elevated Initial Blood Glucose Levels and Poor Outcome Following Severe Brain Injuries in Children (1991)

To determine whether elevations in blood glucose levels were related to neurologic outcomes following severe brain injuries in children, 54 patients 16 years of age or younger admitted to a regional trauma center with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The mean initial blood glucose level on hospital admission was significantly higher in the 16 patients with outcomes of death or vegetative state in comparison with that of the 38 patients with outcomes of good recovery, moderate disability,or severe disability (288 mg/100 mL vs. 194 mg/100 mL, t = -2.74, p = 0.01). Blood glucose levels correlated significantly with indicators of the severity of the brain injury, which were also related to outcome. In contrast, blood glucose levels did not correlate with indicators of the severity of the extracranial injuries, although the latter were significantly related to outcome. Logistic regression analysis resulted in a model for prediction of outcome which included the Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission and the initial blood glucose level. The odds ratio of a poor outcome in this model in patients with blood glucose levels greater than or equal to 250 mg/100 mL relative to those with lower levels was 8.3 (95% confidence interval 1.3-53.6). A simple prognostic score was derived from the logistic regression which improved upon the prediction of outcome using the Glasgow Coma Scale score alone in those patients with initial blood glucose levels greater than or equal to 250 mg/100 mL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cellular backpacks for biomedical applications (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Low-profile dual-band corrugated SIW antenna (2016)

This paper presents a new high gain low profile aperture dual-band antenna using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) corrugated structures. They consist of a cavity excited by a transmission line and some SIW grooves that produce good reflection coefficient and enhanced gain. Designing proper corrugated structures and in turn making a constructive superposition of electric field of patch and grooves, high performance antennas could be achieved. Here, three simple printed circuit boards for making a resonant transmission line and specific SIW structures are used instead of waveguide feeder with grooves on metallic plate as conventional corrugated antennas. Fabrication results show that the SIW grooves significantly increase the antenna gain in dual-band antenna compared to antennas without SIW grooves.
Cancer Stem Cell Targeting in Multiple Myeloma by GRN163L, a Novel and Potent Telomerase Inhibitor. (2006)

Abstract Telomerase activity (TA) is required within normal cells capable of long-term replication, including stem cells and is upregulated in many cancers. In the absence of TA or presence of TA inhibitors, the progressive shortening of telomeres ultimately results in cellular senescence and/or apoptosis. These observations support that TA inhibitors represent a novel class of anti-tumor agents. Much evidence suggests that human cancers display a hierarchical cellular organization that mirrors normal tissues. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are derived from the malignant transformation of normal stem cells and progenitors and retain the capacity to self-renew. Moreover, CSC give rise to differentiated tumor cells that form the bulk of the tumor mass, but have little or no capacity for long-term proliferation. We recently demonstrated that the malignant CD138+ plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM) have limited replicative potential; instead they arise from the differentiation of clonogenic CSC that resemble normal memory B cells (CD138negCD19+CD27+). In addition, several groups have demonstrated that telomerase inhibitors are active against human MM cell lines in vitro and in vivo. We examined TA in CD138+ plasma cells and CD138neg precursors, and studied the effects of telomerase inhibition against both cell populations. We isolated CD138+ and CD138neg cells by FACS from three human MM cell lines (RPMI 8225, NCI-H929, and U266) and measured TA using a PCR-based assay of activity. For each cell line, TA was detectable within both the CD138neg and CD138+ cell populations. GRN163L is a lipid conjugated 13 nucleotide thio-phosphoramidate oligonucleotide that acts as a potent and specific active site inhibitor of telomerase. We found that treatment with GRN163L (0.1–5μM) markedly reduced TA within 48 hours. To examine the effects of telomerase inhibition on clonogenic growth, we continuously cultured CD138+ and CD138neg RPMI 8226 cells with GRN163L (1μM). Cells were collected weekly, washed to remove GRN163L, and then plated in methylcellulose to assess colony formation. We found that GRN163L was active against both CD138+ and CD138neg cells and eliminated the colony forming potential of both by 5 weeks. Similarly, we found that GRN163L inhibited the in vitro clonogenic growth of CD138neg MM CSC isolated from the bone marrow aspirates of patients with MM. These data demonstrate that TA is detectable within both immature MM CSC and mature MM plasma cells, and that CSC from both cell lines and primary clinical samples are targeted by the telomerase inhibitor GRN163L. Therefore, this agent may offer a novel therapeutic approach to myeloma as well as other diseases in which CSC have been identified.
A Physics-Based Computational Model for the Cold Spray Deposition of Composite Coatings (2022)

Abstract Composite coatings with tailored properties can be effectively deposited with the cold spray process via careful control of deposition parameters. To avoid repetitive experiments, numerical models are commonly used to optimize the cold spray deposition process parameters. The present study proposes using a physics-based hybrid computational approach to model the cold spray deposition of Ni-Ti/Al2O3 composite coating used for wear applications. The method involves using point cloud (for the impacting particles) and finite elements (for the deformed splats structures and substrate) to simulate dissimilar particles impact and interactions, plastic deformation, and temperature rise. The approach is computationally efficient and adequately captures the thermo-mechanical deformation resulting from the interactions among dissimilar particles. The simulations are carried out for various combinations of material types, particles sizes and shapes, and impacting velocities. The results from the simulations are analyzed and validated by comparing them with that of previous works. The plastic deformation and temperature rise within the mating bodies increase with increasing particles’ kinetic energies. The Ni-Ti-Al2O3 powder particles lead to higher plastic deformation, temperature rise, and inter-particle bonding due to the presence of the hard Al2O3 particles. The temperature does not rise above melting; however, recrystallization of coating microstructure becomes possible even at a low deposition rate.
Cobalt Species Active for Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Decomposition within a Temperature Range of 300–600°C (2017)

This article presents a novel study of the role of the catalyst support towards the formation of active cobalt sites for N2O conversion reactions within a temperature range of 300–600°C. These reactions were examined in a fixed bed tubular reactor. ZSM-5 (Si/ Al = 15), TS-1, and amorphous silicates were used as catalyst supports for cobalt loadings. All catalysts were prepared by following standard methods and recipes. In general, cobalt loading on supports was varied between 0.78 and 5.40 wt.-% (as determined from inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis). ICP, temperature programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms were used for the characterization of prepared catalysts. Cobalt on ZSM-5 support generates weak and strong acid sites. Furthermore, for the Co-ZSM-5 catalyst, prepared by a wet deposition method, the N2O decomposition reaction is first order with an activation energy of ~132 kJ mol-1. Co2+ and Co3+ are the suggested active species for the N2O conversions in the studied range of temperatures.
A fully implicit algorithm for exact state minimization (1994)

Article Free Access Share on A fully implicit algorithm for exact state minimization Authors: Timothy Kam Department of EECS, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Department of EECS, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile , Tiziano Villa Department of EECS, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Department of EECS, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile , Robert Brayton Department of EECS, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Department of EECS, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli Department of EECS, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Department of EECS, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '94: Proceedings of the 31st annual Design Automation ConferenceJune 1994 Pages 684–690https://doi.org/10.1145/196244.196615Published:06 June 1994Publication History 56citation301DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations56Total Downloads301Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
On the Lower Bound to the Input and Output Mismatch of Conditionally Stable Linear Two-Ports (2023)

In the design of amplifier stages based on unconditionally stable linear active two-ports, the amplifier gain can be maximized through simultaneous conjugate matching with passive loads at the input and output ports. Conversely, the optimization of linear amplifiers based on conditionally stable active devices requires a trade-off between gain, stability margin, input/output port mismatch and (for low-noise amplifiers) noise figure. Exploiting potentially in-band unstable devices can be advantageous in the design of open-loop low-noise amplifiers, since the in-band stabilization with input resistors is well known to negatively affect the amplifier minimum noise figure. Within this framework, the article derives a lower bound to the input and output mismatch of non unconditionally stable linear two-ports. The minumum mismatch is shown to only depend, in a simple way, on the stability factor <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> and on the assumed mismatch ratio between the two ports. The minimum mismatch condition can be implemented by cascading the active, potentially in-band unstable two-port with two (input and output) reactive matching sections. The application of the theory to the design of low-noise amplifier open-loop stages based on conditionally stable active devices is discussed through CAD examples.