gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Duration and pronunciation conditioned lexical modeling for speaker verification (2007)

We propose a method to improve speaker recognition lexical model performance using acoustic-prosodic information. More specifically, the lexical model is trained using durationand pronunciation-conditioned word N-grams, simultaneously modeling lexical information along with their acoustic and prosodic characteristics. Support vector machines are used for modeling and scoring, with N-gram frequency vectors serving as features. Experimental results using NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation data sets show that this method outperforms the regular word N-gram-based lexical models. Furthermore, our approach gives additional information when combined with a high-accuracy acoustic speaker model. We believe that this is a promising step toward integrated speaker recognition models that combine multiple types of high-level features.
Management guideline for Werner syndrome 2020. 7. Skin ulcer associated with Werner syndrome: Dermatological treatment (2020)

Skin ulcers in Werner's syndrome often arise from hyperkeratotic lesions and trauma to pressure points such as the plantar region, and are more difficult to treat than wound healing in healthy individuals. Multiple factors contribute to the intractable skin ulcers in Werner's syndrome, including skin thinning, sclerosis, fatty tissue loss, impaired blood flow, calcification, and excessive pressure due to osteoarticular deformity. Treatment includes topical application of a keratolytic agent for keratosis around the ulcer. Treatment of ulcers is the same as for normal ulcers, and if the ulcer is associated with infection and necrotic tissue, surgical debridement with a scalpel or scissors should be performed as much as possible after washing with saline or mildly warm water or with an antibacterial agent. Topical medications that promote softening and debridement of the necrotic tissue are used with careful control of moisture in the wound. Topical agents that promote granulation should be used in wounds where necrotic tissue has been removed without infection. Dressings to maintain a moist environment in the wound may also be useful. If the wound does not improve with conservative treatment, surgical treatment should be considered. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 160-162.
Tailor-made preventive medicine integrating amino acid checkup and its application toward disaster-stricken areas (2012)

ICT technologies for healthcare are useful in myriad locations for people with lifestyle-related illnesses and health irregularities. When symptoms turn into actual illnesses, it is difficult for them to be managed, and this situation is relevant for managing the health of victims after large-scale disasters; it is important to keep people healthy to prevent them from acquiring illness. This paper proposes a system of personalized preventive medicine for individuals to maintain their health and receive evidence-based feedback. We introduce general medical checkups, ubiquitous sensing, and plasma amino acid analysis as the system's core components. We evaluate these elements and discuss their applicability toward the disaster-stricken Tohoku area of Japan. This is an initial evaluation, but some functions are being used in the area. There are gaps between research results and actually deployable technologies, but it is important to use and improve the quality of life of victims who are ultimately forced to live in temporary housing for more than five years.
A Short Synthesis of a Conformationally Restricted Analog of the Neurotransmitter Serotonin with Reduced Basicity (1994)

The synthesis of a less basic, conformationally restricted analog of serotonin is described [2-(5-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl)imidazole (1)]. The crucial carbon-carbon bond formation step in this synthesis involves the attack of a 2-lithioimidazole anion on an indole-3-carboxaldehyde derivative
Liver fibrosis and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI: A histopathologic correlation (2015)

Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is a hepatocyte-specific MRI contrast agent. Because the hepatic uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA depends on the integrity of the hepatocyte mass, this uptake can be quantified to assess liver function. We report the relationship between the extent of Gd-EOB-DTPA uptake and the degree of liver fibrosis. T1-weighted volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequences with fat suppression were acquired before and 20 minutes after contrast injection. Strong correlations of the uptake characteristics of Gd-EOB-DTPA with the relative enhancement (RE) of the liver parenchyma and the grade of fibrosis/cirrhosis, classified using the Ishak scoring system, were observed. The subdivisions between the grades of liver fibrosis based on RE were highly significant for all combinations, and a ROC revealed sensitivities ≥82% and specificities ≥87% for all combinations. MR imaging is a satisfactorily sensitive method for the assessment of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.
Image-based data mining applies to data collected from children (2022)

IBDM is feasible for childhood late-effects research. Our findings may inform cohort selection in future studies of pediatric radiotherapy dose responses and facilitate treatment planning to reduce treatment-related toxicities and improve quality of life among childhood cancer survivors.
DISSEMINATION OF TRAVEL TIME INFORMATION ALONG CONGESTED CORRIDORS (1996)

This paper describes a procedure for disseminating travel time data using the World Wide Web (WWW). The procedure is based on the definition of highway segments for which travel time and speed data have been collected and stored in a database. The system allows the user to select a segment either by clicking on a segment number using a sensitive map or by typing in the segment code in a text field. Future expansions of the system will include more complex queries that will allow the retrieval of data by corridor, date, and time period.
Tibial Plateau Symmetry and the Effect of Osteophytosis on Tibial Plateau Angle Measurements (2007)

A novel technique was developed to estimate the caudal medial tibial plateau landmark in the face of osteophytosis to improve accuracy in tibial plateau angle measurements. Using this technique, tibial plateau angles were evaluated in 31 normal dogs before and 8 months after right cranial cruciate ligament transection. There was no significant difference in mean tibial plateau angle before or after induction of osteophytosis. Additionally, it was determined that 90% of dogs had a difference of =2 degrees between right and left tibial plateau angles, which was considered symmetrical.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Substituted Silsesquioxanes as Building Blocks for Organometallic Gels. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sequencing of natural strains of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> with short reads (2008)

Whole-genome hybridization studies have suggested that the nuclear genomes of accessions (natural strains) of Arabidopsis thaliana can differ by several percent of their sequence. To examine this variation, and as a first step in the 1001 Genomes Project for this species, we produced 15- to 25-fold coverage in Illumina sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) reads for the reference accession, Col-0, and two divergent strains, Bur-0 and Tsu-1. We aligned reads to the reference genome sequence to assess data quality metrics and to detect polymorphisms. Alignments revealed 823,325 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 79,961 unique 1- to 3-bp indels in the divergent accessions at a specificity of >99%, and over 2000 potential errors in the reference genome sequence. We also identified >3.4 Mb of the Bur-0 and Tsu-1 genomes as being either extremely dissimilar, deleted, or duplicated relative to the reference genome. To obtain sequences for these regions, we incorporated the Velvet assembler into a targeted de novo assembly method. This approach yielded 10,921 high-confidence contigs that were anchored to flanking sequences and harbored indels as large as 641 bp. Our methods are broadly applicable for polymorphism discovery in moderate to large genomes even at highly diverged loci, and we established by subsampling the Illumina SBS coverage depth required to inform a broad range of functional and evolutionary studies. Our pipeline for aligning reads and predicting SNPs and indels, SHORE, is available for download at http://1001genomes.org.
Comment on ‘‘Inverse problem for the nonexponential deep level transient spectroscopy analysis in semiconductor materials with strong disorder: Theoretical and computational aspects’’ [J. Appl. Phys. <b>74</b>, 291 (1993)] (1994)

It is shown that a recently proposed analysis of deep level transient spectroscopy signals with a regularization method by Batovski et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 74, 291 (1993)] can be simplified significantly by calculating the relaxation time spectrum of the capacitance transient with a regularization method directly.
Effect of Confinement in Nanopores on RNA Interactions with Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2020)

Amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPAs) are ideal carriers for oligonucleotides for gene delivery and RNA interference. This investigation examines the thermodynamic driving force of interactions of double-stranded (ds) RNA with MSNPAs as a function of RNA length (84 and 282 base pair) and particle pore diameter (nonporous, 2.7, 4.3, and 8.1 nm) using isothermal titration calorimetry, extending knowledge of solution-based nucleic acid-polycation interactions to RNA confined in nanopores. Adsorption of RNA follows a two-step process: endothermic interactions driven by entropic contribution from counterion (and water) release and an exothermic regime dominated by short-range interactions within the pores. Evidence of hindered pore loading of the longer RNA and pore size-dependent confinement of RNA in the MSPAs is provided from the relative contributions of the endothermic and exothermic regimes. Reduction of endothermic and exothermic enthalpies in both regimes in the presence of salt for both lengths of RNA indicates the significant contribution of short-range electrostatic interactions, whereas Δ<i>H</i> and Δ<i>G</i> values are consistent with conformation changes and desolvation of nucleic acids upon binding with polycations. Knowledge of the interactions between RNA and functionalized porous nanoparticles will aid in porous nanocarrier design suitable for functional RNA delivery.
Spectral-based multi-way FPGA partitioning (1995)

Recent research on FPGA partitioning has focussed on finding minimum cuts between partitions without regard to the routability of the partitioned subcircuits. In this paper we develop a spectral approach to multi-way partitioning in which the primary goal is to produce routable subcircuits while maximizing FPGA device utilization. To assist the partitioner in assessing the routability of the partitioned subcircuits, we have developed a theory to predict the routability of the partitioned subcircuits prior to partitioning. Advancement over the current work is evidenced by results of experiments on the standard MCNC benchmarks.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Arrays of Coherent Laser Beams (2012)

Abstract : The final report of the project FA8655-10-1-3069 presents the combined results of the project including: introduction of the key mathematical models governing optical field propagation in the multiple-core fibres, study of the steady state propagation regimes, study of the modulation instability in multiple-core fibres, investigation of the nonlinear stage of the instability and energy transfer. We have determined theoretically thresholds of the modulation instability in the 2D infinite array of discrete waveguides, and in 2-, 3- and 4-core array systems. We have found stationary solutions in the ring configurations with a central core and N symmetrically surrounding cores and discovered in the array with non-equal cores (e.g. with the central core) the phase matching and stable steady-state propagation is possible only in the nonlinear regime. We have determined theoretically thresholds of the modulation instability in the ring configuration. The important prediction of the theory is a level of nonlinear oscillations resulting from the development of modulation instability. We studied modulation instability of such solutions in the ring configurations with a central core and N symmetrically surrounding cores. All the obtained theoretical results have been verified using numerical simulations.
Structural and Biochemical Modification of a Collagen Scaffold to Selectively Enhance MSC Tenogenic, Chondrogenic, and Osteogenic Differentiation (2014)

Biomaterial approaches for engineering orthopedic interfaces such as the tendon-bone junction (TBJ) are limited by a lack of understanding of how insoluble (microstructure, composition) and soluble regulators of stem cell fate work in concert to promote bioactivity and differentiation. One strategy for regenerating the interface is to design biomaterials containing spatially graded structural properties sufficient to induce divergent mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into multiple interface-specific phenotypes. This work explores the hypothesis that selective structural modification to a 3D collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffold combined with biochemical supplementation can drive human bone-marrow-derived MSC differentiation down tenogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Tenogenic differentiation is enhanced in geometrically anisotropic scaffolds versus a standard isotropic control. Notably, blebbistatin treatment abrogates this microstructurally driven effect. Further, enhanced osteogenic differentiation and new mineral synthesis are achieved by incorporation of a calcium phosphate mineral phase within the CG scaffold along with the use of osteogenic induction media. Finally, chondrogenic differentiation is optimally driven by combining chondrogenic induction media with a reduced density scaffold that promotes increased cellular condensation, significantly higher expression of chondrogenic genes, and increased GAG deposition. Together these data provide critical insight regarding design rules for elements of an integrated biomaterial platform for orthopedic interface regeneration.
Quantization of Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient Inference: A Methodological Study (2022)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have an enormous potential impact on digital content creation, e.g., photorealistic digital avatars, semantic content editing, and quality enhancement of speech and images. However, the performance of modern GANs comes together with massive amounts of computations performed during the inference and high energy consumption. That complicates, or even makes impossible, their deployment on edge devices. The problem can be reduced with quantization—a neural network compression technique that facilitates hardware-friendly inference by replacing floating-point computations with low-bit integer ones. While quantization is well established for discriminative models, the performance of modern quantization techniques in application to GANs remains unclear. GANs generate content of a more complex structure than discriminative models, and thus quantization of GANs is significantly more challenging. To tackle this problem, we perform an extensive experimental study of state-of-art quantization techniques on three diverse GAN architectures, namely StyleGAN, Self-Attention GAN, and CycleGAN. As a result, we discovered practical recipes that allowed us to successfully quantize these models for inference with 4/8-bit weights and 8-bit activations while preserving the quality of the original full-precision models.
Relationship between the Thermal Hardening of Ion-Implanted Resist and the Resist Removal Using Atomic Hydrogen (2009)

Using atomic hydrogen for its excellent reduction ability, we demonstrated the removal rates and the hardness of ion-implanted resists. Removal rates of B-ion implanted resists using atomic hydrogen decreased with increasing implantation dose. According to the hardness of the resists, the indentation depth at 100mgf shifted toward the surface of the resists with increasing implantation doses. In contrast, removal rates of thermally hardened resists decreased with increasing baking temperatures. The indentation depth at 100mgf shifted toward the surface of the resists with increasing baking temperature. Ion-implanted resist removal rate using atomic hydrogen decreased compared with non-ion-implanted resist. We believe that this is because the resists were thermally hardened, attributable to the supplied energy from implanted B-ions.
The Smad transcriptional corepressor TGIF recruits mSin3. (2001)

The homeodomain protein TG-interacting factor (TGIF) represses transcription by histone deacetylase-dependent and -independent means. Heterozygous mutations in human TGIF result in holoprosencephaly, a severe genetic disorder affecting craniofacial development, suggesting that TGIF is critical for normal development. After transforming growth factorbeta (TGFbeta) stimulation, Smad proteins enter the nucleus and form transcriptional activation complexes or interact with TGIF, which functions as a corepressor. The relative levels of Smad corepressors and coactivators present within the cell may determine the outcome of a TGFbeta response. We show that TGIF interacts directly with the paired amphipathic alpha-helix 2 domain of the mSin3 corepressor, and TGIF recruits mSin3 to a TGFbeta-activated Smad complex. The mSin3 interaction domain of TGIF has been shown to be essential for repression of a TGFbeta transcriptional response. Thus, TGIF represents a targeting component of the mSin3 corepressor complex.
Nursery pig performance in response to meal and pelleted diets fed with irradiated or non-irradiated spray-dried animal plasma (2005)

A 25-d trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding meal and pelleted diets, with or without irradiated spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP; AP 920), on the growth performance in nursery pigs. A total of 192 pigs (initially 13.2 Â± 1.9 lb and 21 Â± 3 d of age) were used, with 6 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Pigs were randomly allotted in a 2 Ã— 2 factorial to pens, blocked by weight, and randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments. The main effects were diet form, meal or pellet, and either irradiated SDAP or nonirradiated SDAP. The experimental treatments consisted of a single diet that was fed in either meal or pelleted form, with or without irradiation of SDAP for Phase 1 (d 0 to 11), and a common diet for Phase 2 (d 11 to 25). Pig fed pelleted diets from d 0 to 3 had a greater ADG, ADFI, and improved F/G (P<0.03) than did pigs fed meal diets. Irradiation of SDAP had no effect on performance from d 0 to 3; for d 3 to 11, however, there was a diet form Ã— SDAP irradiation interaction (P < 0.01), and for d 0 to 11 there was interaction for ADG and F/G (P<0.07). Pigs fed irradiated SDAP in meal form had similar growth performance to those fed pelleted treatments. For producers that manufacture their own Phase 1 diet in meal form, use of irradiated SDAP can result in performance equal to that of nursery pigs fed a pelleted diet.; Swine Day, 2005, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2005
Mechanisms of protein-folding diseases at a glance (2014)

For a protein to function appropriately, it must first achieve its proper conformation and location within the crowded environment inside the cell. Multiple chaperone systems are required to fold proteins correctly. In addition, degradation pathways participate by destroying improperly folded proteins. The intricacy of this multisystem process provides many opportunities for error. Furthermore, mutations cause misfolded, nonfunctional forms of proteins to accumulate. As a result, many pathological conditions are fundamentally rooted in the protein-folding problem that all cells must solve to maintain their function and integrity. Here, to illustrate the breadth of this phenomenon, we describe five examples of protein-misfolding events that can lead to disease: improper degradation, mislocalization, dominant-negative mutations, structural alterations that establish novel toxic functions, and amyloid accumulation. In each case, we will highlight current therapeutic options for battling such diseases.
High Molecular Weight Neurofilament Proteins Are Physiological Substrates of Adduction by the Lipid Peroxidation Product Hydroxynonenal (2002)

Protein adducts of the lipid peroxidation product<i>trans</i>-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) are features of oxidative damage in neuronal cell bodies in Alzheimer's disease but are also seen in axons of normal as well as diseased individuals. In this study, focusing on the axons of the mouse sciatic nerve, we found that HNE adducts characterize axons of mice from birth to senility. Immunoblots of axonal proteins showed that HNE adducts are only detected in neurofilament heavy subunit (NFH) and, to a lesser extent, neurofilament medium subunit (NFM), both lysine-rich proteins, consistent with the adducts being limited to lysine residues. <i>In vitro</i>, HNE treatment of permeabilized sciatic nerve showed the same specificity, <i>i.e.</i> NFH and NFM are the only proteins that reacted with HNE, providing they are phosphorylated. Quantitative immunoblot analysis of two strains of mice ages 1–33 months showed that the levels of HNE adducts on NFH are consistent throughout life. Additionally, mice transgenic for human superoxide dismutase-1 with G85R mutation show no difference in HNE adduction to NFH compared with controls. Taken together, these studies indicate that HNE adduction to NFH is physiological, and its constancy from birth to senility as well as its dependence on phosphorylation argues that NFH and NFM modification may play a role in protecting the membrane-rich axon from toxic aldehydes resulting from oxidative damage.
Train longer, generalize better: closing the generalization gap in large batch training of neural networks (2017)

Background: Deep learning models are typically trained using stochastic gradient descent or one of its variants. These methods update the weights using their gradient, estimated from a small fraction of the training data. It has been observed that when using large batch sizes there is a persistent degradation in performance - known as the generalization phenomenon. Identifying the origin of this gap and closing it had remained an open problem. Contributions: We examine the initial high learning rate training phase. We find that the weight distance from its initialization grows logarithmically with the number of weight updates. We therefore propose a walk on a random landscape statistical model which is known to exhibit similar ultra-slow diffusion behavior. Following this hypothesis we conducted experiments to show empirically that the generalization stems from the relatively small number of updates rather than the batch size, and can be completely eliminated by adapting the training regime used. We further investigate different techniques to train models in the large-batch regime and present a novel algorithm named Ghost Batch Normalization which enables significant decrease in the gap without increasing the number of updates. To validate our findings we conduct several additional experiments on MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and ImageNet. Finally, we reassess common practices and beliefs concerning training of deep models and suggest they may not be optimal to achieve good generalization.