gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Characterization of Interlaminar Shear Strengths of Graphite/Epoxy Laminated Composites (2002)

An investigation is conducted to study the effects of fiber orientations on the interlaminar shear (ILS) strengths of CYTEC ® G40-800/5276-1 graphite/epoxy laminated composites. The results of this investigation are going to be reported in two separate parts; experimental characterization and stochastic simulation. The present paper demonstrates the experimental program and the experimental results. The ILS strengths at the θ-interfaces (θ=0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90°), around which the two neighboring plies have a fiber orientation difference angle, are experimentally measured using the modified double notch shear specimens with an elaborately designed lay-up. Because of the potentially considerable scatter in the matrix-dominated ILS strengths, each data set at a specified interface is obtained through a larger sample with 35 specimens. A 3D finite element analysis is also performed to aid in the design of the multi-directional laminated composite specimens, so as to minimize the edge effects and obtain a relatively uniform stress state in the specimen gage sections. The experimental results show that not only the mean values but also the probability distribution forms of ILS strengths depend on the fiber orientations of the neighboring plies around the interfaces. Five failure modes are also found by observing the fracture surfaces; i.e., interface crack, in-ply crack, crack jumping, fiber bridging, and fiber breakage. The inherent relationships between the failure modes and the probability distributions of ILS strengths are studied on the basis of rank-sum test. The general forms of the individual probability density functions corresponding to each experimental data set are determined by means of the maximum entropy technique and verified by Kolmogorov–Smirnov good-of-fit test.
Characterizing Graphene, Graphite, and Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy (2010)

Recent advances in Raman spectroscopy for characterizing graphene, graphite, and carbon nanotubes are reviewed comparatively. We first discuss the first-order and the double-resonance (DR) second-order Raman scattering mechanisms in graphene, which give rise to the most prominent Raman features. Then, we review phonon-softening phenomena in Raman spectra as a function of gate voltage, which is known as the Kohn anomaly. Finally, we review exciton-specific phenomena in the resonance Raman spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Raman spectroscopy of SWNTs has been especially useful for understanding many fundamental properties of all sp 2 carbons, given SWNTs can be either semiconducting or metallic depending on their geometric structure, which is denoted by two integers (n,m).
Front Cover Picture: Catalytic Formal Hydroamination of Allylic Alcohols Using Manganese PNP‐Pincer Complexes (Adv. Synth. Catal. 17/2021) (2021)

The front cover picture, designed by L. Duarte de Almeida et al. illustrates the successful application of a well-defined manganese PNP pincer complex in the formal hydroamination of allylic alcohols with primary and secondary amines as well as with N-heterocycles. The corresponding γ-amino alcohols were obtained in up to 94% yield in a tandem reaction combining dehydrogenation/Michael addition/hydrogenation sequence. The properties of these non-innocent pincer ligands allowed application of this non-noble metal catalyst in organic synthesis with a broad substrate scope. Details can be found in the communication by M. Beller, K. Junge and co-workers (L. Duarte de Almeida, F. Bourriquen, K. Junge, M. Beller, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2021, 363, 4177–4181; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100081).
Amino acid insertions and deletions contribute to diversify the human Ig repertoire (1998)

The sequence analysis of Ig variable region genes transcribed within different B-cell subpopulations from human tonsil led us to identify a rare DNA sequence modification event consisting of bp insertions and/or deletions (I/D). Although these events were previously reported, they had never been formally associated with the somatic hypermutation process. I/D events share with more conventional somatic hypermutation events their localization within hypervariable regions and, most particularly, within DNA motifs known to be mutational hot spots. Repetitive DNA tracts or DNA elements capable of forming DNA loop intermediates seem to be the preferred substrate for I/D to occur. These characteristics suggest a model for somatic hypermutation reminiscent of the "polymerase slippage" model involved in replication and repair mutations in prokaryotes, yeast, and mammals.
Adaphostin disrupts mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling by NPM-ALK in anaplastic large cell lymphomas (2006)

1337 Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas (ALCLs) characteristically have a chromosomal translocation t (2; 5), which results in a fusion protein with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and nucleophosmin (NPM). The constitutively active tyrosine kinase protein product is involved in mitogenic signaling through PLCδ1, as well as anti apoptotic signaling through PI3 Kinase, Stat5 and Stat3. Furthermore, NPM-ALK has been shown to physically associate with phosphorylated Src. The Developmental Therapeutics Program of the National Cancer Institute initially identified adaphostin as an inhibitor of p210 (Bcr/abl) kinase-positive K562 cells but subsequent studies indicated that it is also effective against p210 (Bcr/abl) kinase-negative cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism by which adaphostin inhibits various cancer cells is not yet completely understood. Here we show that the adaphostin (NSC 680410) inhibits proliferation and reduces viability of the NPM-ALK+ cell line, suDHL1, with an IC50 of 0.5uM over 24 hours. This treatment is also shown to reduce phosphorylation of NPM-ALK at tyrosine 664, which is required for signaling through PLCδ1, disrupt the physical interaction between NPM-ALK and PLCδ1, and partially inhibit Stat3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705. Recently, in our laboratory, we have established that adaphostin inhibits some of the Src related kinases, and here we show that a concentration of 0.5uM adaphostin is sufficient to inhibit both Src phosphorylation at tyr 416 (required for its activation) and association between Src and NPM-ALK in suDHL1. Using cell-free in-vitro kinase assays we have also shown that adaphostin directly inhibits the activity of both Src and Alk at 1uM. These results highlight a role for adaphostin in the inhibition of mitogenic and anti apoptotic signaling pathways possibly regulated by NPM-ALK.
Repositioning family planning: Rwanda’s no-scalpel vasectomy program. (2009)

Funding from USAIDs Repositioning Family Planning Global Leadership Priority area provided the Capacity Project with the opportunity to offer technical support to Rwandas Ministry of Health to develop the capacity of the district hospital clinical workforce in order to expand client access to a full range of quality FP methods. These included long-acting and permanent methods and vasectomy in particular. The Project developed a vasectomy in-service training program at district hospitals in Gicumbi (Byumba Hospital) and Nyabihu (Shyira Hospital).The Capacity Project / Rwanda began working in these districts in 2006 to strengthen FP emergency obstetrics and neonatal care and maternal and child health services. (Excerpt)
<scp><i>B</i></scp><i>acillus subtilis</i> <scp>SalA</scp> is a phosphorylation‐dependent transcription regulator that represses <scp><i>scoC</i></scp> and activates the production of the exoprotease <scp>AprE</scp> (2015)

Bacillus subtilis Mrp family protein SalA has been shown to indirectly promote the production of the exoprotease AprE by inhibiting the expression of scoC, which codes for a repressor of aprE. The exact mechanism by which SalA influences scoC expression has not been clarified previously. We demonstrate that SalA possesses a DNA-binding domain (residues 1-60), which binds to the promoter region of scoC. The binding of SalA to its target DNA depends on the presence of ATP and is stimulated by phosphorylation of SalA at tyrosine 327. The B. subtilis protein-tyrosine kinase PtkA interacts specifically with the C-terminal domain of SalA in vivo and in vitro and is responsible for activating its DNA binding via phosphorylation of tyrosine 327. In vivo, a mutant mimicking phosphorylation of SalA (SalA Y327E) exhibited a strong repression of scoC and consequently overproduction of AprE. By contrast, the non-phosphorylatable SalA Y327F and the ΔptkA exhibited the opposite effect, stronger expression of scoC and lower production of the exoprotease. Interestingly, both SalA and PtkA contain the same ATP-binding Walker domain and have thus presumably arisen from the common ancestral protein. Their regulatory interplay seems to be conserved in other bacteria.
Direct Electrochemical Regeneration of Monooxygenase Subunits for Biocatalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation (2005)

We report the first example of direct electrochemical regeneration of a flavin-dependent monooxygenase for asymmetric epoxidation catalysis. It is shown that electrochemical regeneration of the oxygenase subunit of the multicomponent styrene monooxygenase is sufficient to perform enantiospecific S-epoxidation of various styrene derivatives. Kinetic bottlenecks of the novel electroenzymatic reaction are identified. This work opens up new alternatives for asymmetric oxyfunctionalization catalysis.
Increase in Low-Frequency Oscillations in fNIRS as Cerebral Response to Auditory Stimulation with Familiar Music (2021)

Recognition of typical patterns of brain response to external stimuli using near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) may become a gateway to detecting covert consciousness in clinically unresponsive patients. This is the first fNIRS study on the cortical hemodynamic response to favorite music using a frequency domain approach. The aim of this study was to identify a possible marker of cognitive response in healthy subjects by investigating variations in the oscillatory signal of fNIRS in the spectral regions of low-frequency (LFO) and very-low-frequency oscillations (VLFO). The experiment consisted of two periods of exposure to preferred music, preceded and followed by a resting phase. Spectral power in the LFO region increased in all the subjects after the first exposure to music and decreased again in the subsequent resting phase. After the second music exposure, the increase in LFO spectral power was less distinct. Changes in LFO spectral power were more after first music exposure and the repetition-related habituation effect strongly suggest a cerebral origin of the fNIRS signal. Recognition of typical patterns of brain response to specific environmental stimulation is a required step for the concrete validation of a fNIRS-based diagnostic tool.
Genetic mapping of pre-harvest sprouting resistance loci in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2006)

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the germination of mature grain while still in spike. PHS causes downgrading of grain quality which severely limits its end use. In western Canada, cool and wet weather during harvest makes the crops susceptible to PHS. Breeding for PHS tolerance in wheat is challenging on phenotypic basis because PHS is inherited quantitatively and strongly affected by environmental conditions. A mapping population of one hundred and fifty one doubled haploid (DH) lines from a cross between two spring wheat cultivars ND690 (non-dormant) and W98616 (dormant) was developed for genetic mapping of PHS resistance loci. Initially, 20 dormant and 20 non dormant lines were used for genetic mapping with SSR (Simple sequence repeat) and AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers. A total of 550 markers (300 SSR markers and 250 AFLP) markers have been mapped on different chromosomes. Five chromosomal regions on the chromosomes 1A, 3B, 4A, 5B and 6B associated with pre-harvest sprouting were identified in this study.
Relationship between taxane-induced neuropathy and clinical outcomes after adjuvant chemotherapy. (2011)

270 Background: Neuropathy is a common and potentially enduring and disabling complication of adjuvant taxane therapy. Recent studies have identified candidate host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with taxane-induced neuropathy (Schneider et al. ASCO 2011, abstr. 1000). We therefore sought to determine whether neuropathy was associated with breast cancer recurrence. Methods: This study included 4,950 eligible women with axillary lymph node positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer who received up to 4 cycles of AC (doxorubicin 60 mg/m 2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m 2 ) every 3 weeks, followed by either: (1) paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks x 4 (P3), (2) paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 weekly x 12 (P1), (3) docetaxel 100 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks x 4 (D3), or (4) docetaxel 35 mg/m 2 weekly x 12 (D1). Chemotherapy doses were based on actual body weight. Cox proportional hazards model were used to determine the relationship between neuropathy and disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) treating neuropathy status as a time dependent covariate and using a landmark analysis. Results: Of 4,702 patients who received at least 1 taxane dose, grade 2-4 neuropathy developed in 20%, 27%, 16%, and 16% in the P3, P1, D3, and D1 arms, respectively. In a model including age, tumor size, nodal status, treatment arm, neuropathy, and the neuropathy- treatment interaction, there was no relationship between neuropathy and DFS and OS in the entire population, for any of the individual treatment arms, or for any breast cancer subtypes, whether analyzed as a time-dependent covariate or using a landmark analysis. Baseline covariates associated with an increase rate of neuropathy included black race (25% vs. 19% grade 2-4, p=0.02) and obesity (21% vs. 19%, p=0.04), but not age. Conclusions: There was no association between taxane-induced neuropathy and DFS or OS in patients treated with contemporary AC-taxane therapy, including weekly paclitaxel. These findings show that taxane-induced neuropathy is not associated with outcome, thus suggesting that validation of SNPs predictive of neuropathy may be useful in identifying patients at higher risk for neuropathy but not taxane benefit and thereby improve therapeutic individualization.
LEAF-E: a tool to analyze grass leaf growth using function fitting (2014)

In grasses, leaf growth is often monitored to gain insights in growth processes, biomass accumulation, regrowth after cutting, etc. To study the growth dynamics of the grass leaf, its length is measured at regular time intervals to derive the leaf elongation rate (LER) profile over time. From the LER profile, parameters such as maximal LER and leaf elongation duration (LED), which are essential for detecting inter-genotype growth differences and/or quantifying plant growth responses to changing environmental conditions, can be determined. As growth is influenced by the circadian clock and, especially in grasses, changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and evaporative demand, the LER profiles show considerable experimental variation and thus often do not follow a smooth curve. Hence it is difficult to quantify the duration and timing of growth. For these reasons, the measured data points should be fitted using a suitable mathematical function, such as the beta sigmoid function for leaf elongation. In the context of high-throughput phenotyping, we implemented the fitting of leaf growth measurements into a user-friendly Microsoft Excel-based macro, a tool called LEAF-E. LEAF-E allows to perform non-linear regression modeling of leaf length measurements suitable for robust and automated extraction of leaf growth parameters such as LER and LED from large datasets. LEAF-E is particularly useful to quantify the timing of leaf growth, which forms an important added value for detecting differences in leaf growth development. We illustrate the broad application range of LEAF-E using published and unpublished data sets of maize, Miscanthus spp. and Brachypodium distachyon, generated in independent experiments and for different purposes. In addition, we show that LEAF-E could also be used to fit datasets of other growth-related processes that follow the sigmoidal profile, such as cell length measurements along the leaf axis. Given its user-friendliness, ability to quantify duration and timing of leaf growth and broad application range, LEAF-E is a tool that could be routinely used to study growth processes following the sigmoidal profile.
Beneficial Effects of Eruca sativa Defatted Seed Meal on Visceral Pain and Intestinal Damage Resulting from Colitis in Rats (2022)

Most therapies used in patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases are ineffective in preventing the development of chronic visceral hypersensitivity, mainly due to inflammation-induced enteric neuroplasticity. Glucosinolates, secondary metabolites mainly of <i>Brassicaceae</i> with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are effective in treating both neuropathic and arthritis pain through H<sub>2</sub>S release and Kv7 potassium channel activation. The aim of this work was to investigate the protective and anti-hyperalgesic efficacy of a defatted seed meal from <i>Eruca sativa</i> Mill. (Brassicaceae), rich in glucosinolates, in a rat model of colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). The mechanisms of action were also investigated. Visceral pain was assessed by measuring the abdominal response to colorectal distension. Fifteen days after colitis induction, the acute administration of <i>E. sativa</i> defatted seed meal (0.1-1 g kg<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> p.o.) dose-dependently relieved pain. This effect was hampered by co-administering an H<sub>2</sub>S scavenger or a selective Kv7 blocker. Administering <i>E. sativa</i> (1 g kg<sup>-1</sup>) for 14 days, starting after DNBS injection, contributed to counteracting visceral pain persistence in the post-inflammatory phase of colitis by promoting colon healing from the damage and reducing enteric gliosis. <i>E. sativa</i> defatted seed meal might be employed as a nutraceutical tool for supporting abdominal pain relief in patients.
ENRICHMENT OF BILE ACIDS FOR DONOR LIVERS USING INTRAVENOUS URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID-DISULFATE (SUDCA). EXPERIMENTAL PIG MODEL FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. (2010)

Vilca-Melendez, H.; Yii, M.; Mukadam, G.; Brown, N.; Zimmer-Nechemias, L.; Heaton, N.; Setchell, K. D.R. Author Information
Improved assistive profile tracking of soft exosuits for walking and jogging with off-board actuation (2017)

In this paper, we present a design and control approach of a modular off-board actuation system with mono-articular hip exosuit, enabling the instantaneous assistive profile modification of magnitude, shape, and timing. The off-board system consists an actuation unit with two degrees of freedom that can transmit forces to our soft exosuit via Bowden cables. To perform accurate force tracking and cable slack management, we implemented a switching admittance-position control approach that utilizes the advantages of both admittance and position control. In particular, feedforward models (FFMs) are added to the admittance control to compensate variability of individual kinematics, nonlinear hip exosuit stiffness and actuator transmission loss to enable a more accurate force tracking. This system allows us to track force profiles accurately and robustly under normal walking or jogging speed. The performance of force tracking was evaluated on three subjects walking on a treadmill at 1.25 m/s with various magnitude, shape, and timings of assistive profiles and jogging on a treadmill at 2.3 m/s with varied magnitude of a representative assistance profile. Results showed that assistance could be delivered reliably across different profiles. In case of walking experiments, the errors of the magnitude, RMS-E, and timing were within 2.0 N, 8.4 N, and 1.8% when varying the magnitude, shape, and timing respectively. In case of jogging experiments, the RMS-E was within 3.0 N. This system will be used for future research examining how to individualize assistive profiles for different wearers during walking and jogging.
Genetic variants associated with susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in people of European ancestry: a genome-wide association study (2017)

UK Medical Research Council, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the US National Institutes of Health, Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información, Spain, UK National Institute for Health Research, and the British Lung Foundation.
A Family of Two-Module Composite DC-DC Converters (2022)

Composite converter architectures consist of several dissimilar partial-power processing modules, which are combined together to improve the overall system efficiency. Examples of known composite converters include input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) and input-parallel-output-series (IPOS) architectures. This paper shows how composite converter architectures can be constructed systematically by enumerating all possible incidence matrices that describe module interconnects. The procedure yields a total of seven valid composite converter architectures with two converter modules, in which at least one module is non-isolated. Four of these seven architectures represent novel composite converters. Moreover, a simple loss model is developed to evaluate these composite converter architectures over a wide range of conversion ratios. A re-configurable hardware prototype is built, and steady-state experimental waveforms are demonstrated for two novel architectures, which can have improved step-down or step-up conversion characteristics compared to the well-known ISOP or IPOS configurations.
Total Synthesis of Pseudotrienic Acid B: A Bioactive Metabolite from <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. MF 381‐IODS (2006)

Schnell zur Säure: Eine effiziente und hoch konvergente stereoselektive Synthese führt zu Pseudotriensäure B (siehe Struktur). Durch eine Crotyltitanierung wurden die Stereozentren C11 und C20 aufgebaut, eine Kreuzmetathese erzeugte die Trien-Einheit, und eine Stille-Kreuzkupplung vollendete das Kohlenstoffgerüst des Naturstoffs.
High precision detector robot arm system (2023)

A method and high precision robot arm system are provided, for example, for X-ray nanodiffraction with an X-ray nanoprobe. The robot arm system includes duo-vertical-stages and a kinematic linkage system. A two-dimensional (2D) vertical plane ultra-precision robot arm supporting an X-ray detector provides positioning and manipulating of the X-ray detector. A vertical support for the 2D vertical plane robot arm includes spaced apart rails respectively engaging a first bearing structure and a second bearing structure carried by the 2D vertical plane robot arm.
Decreased neurofilament light chain levels in estriol‐treated multiple sclerosis (2022)

Estrogens have neuroprotective actions depending on estrogen type, dose, and timing in both preclinical models and in women during health and disease. Serum neurofilament light chain is a putative biomarker of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis, aging, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, oral treatment with an estrogen unique to pregnancy (estriol) using an 8 mg dose to induce a mid-pregnancy blood estriol level reduced serum neurofilament light chain in nonpregnant MS women at mean age of 37 years. This is consistent with estriol-mediated protection from neuro-axonal injury and supports the use of serum neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in MS.
A Química de Produtos Naturais do Brasil no Século XXI (2017)

The chemistry of natural products in Brazil has experienced a rapid development during the 21st century, with a diversification of lines of research, methodological approaches, exploration of diverse natural sources for the isolation of secondary metabolites and establishment of several multidisciplinary initiatives. These topics are critically discussed, evidencing achievements and new challenges to be faced for the future of Brazilian natural products chemistry.