gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strong polarization sensitive electroabsorption in GaAs/AIGaAs quantum-well waveguides (1985)

We report the first measurements of strong perpendicular field electroabsorption (quantum-confined Stark effect) in GaAs/AIGaAs quantum wells for light propagating parallel to the plane of the layer. The samples consisted of two quantum wells embedded in a GaAs/AIGaAs superlattice, clad with layers of GaAs to form a leaky waveguide. The superlattice was doped as a p-i-n diode, which was reverse biased to apply an electric field perpendicular to the quantum-well layers in the intrinsic region. For incident polarization parallel to the plane of the layers both the heavy hole (hh) and light hole (lh) excitons are seen in absorption. With perpendicular polarization, which is only accessible in the waveguide geometry, only the lh exciton appears. In both geometries the absorption edge shows a marked shift to lower energy with increasing field. In the perpendicular polarization the lh exciton is still resolvable at a field of 2.2 X 10 5 V/ cm, at which point it has shifted by 40 meV. For a 150- µ m long sample we obtain a modulation depth of 10 dB. We have also demonstrated for the first time optical bistability due to the self-electrooptic effect in a waveguide. The advantage of this geometry lies in the strong (20:1) on/off ratio obtainable. By using the appropriate biasing we have also demonstrated other self-electrooptic effects such as self-linearized modulation and optical level shifting similar to those previously demonstrated in MQWs at normal incidences. These effects have application to integrated optics and polarization sensitive devices.
Clinical immunology of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis (2011)

The oral sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulator fingolimod has been shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). The drug binds with high affinity to 4 of the 5 G-protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1P(1-5)). After binding, the receptors are internalized, degraded, and thus functionally antagonized by fingolimod. Under physiologic conditions, S1P(1) mediates the egress of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs to the peripheral circulation. Functional antagonism of S1P(1) by fingolimod results in a reduction in peripheral lymphocyte counts by inhibiting egress of lymphocytes, including potentially encephalitogenic T cells and their naïve progenitors that would otherwise be present within the circulation. Despite the fingolimod-mediated reduction of lymphocyte counts, fingolimod-treated patients with MS have been shown to have few infections and related complications and were able to mount antigen-specific immune responses in vaccination studies.
Stem cells of fallopian tube mucosa lost their stemness characteristics under prolonged conditions (2021)

Although fallopian tube mucosal MSCs (FT-MMSCs) possess stem cell attributes, they cannot outweigh or be used in parallel to existing stem cell sources due to their inability to retain stemness characteristics beyond P15. Since FT-MMSC studies are in their infancy, further in-depth research is warranted to test whether FT-MMSCs have a use in bench to bedside applications. FT-MMSCs might be linked to tubal inflammation and fallopian tube hyperplasia, which contributes to a possible role in diagnostics and in providing insights for the betterment of womankind.
Quantitative 3D Shape Description of Dust Particles from Treated Seeds by Means of X-ray Micro-CT (2015)

Crop seeds are often treated with pesticides before planting. Pesticide-laden dust particles can be abraded from the seed coating during planting and expelled into the environment, damaging nontarget organisms. Drift of these dust particles depends on their size, shape and density. In this work, we used X-ray micro-CT to examine the size, shape (sphericity) and porosity of dust particles from treated seeds of various crops. The dust properties quantified in this work were very variable in different crops. This variability may be a result of seed morphology, seed batch, treatment composition, treatment technology, seed cleaning or an interaction of these factors. The intraparticle porosity of seed treatment dust particles varied from 0.02 to 0.51 according to the crop and generally increased with particle size. Calculated settling velocities demonstrated that accounting for particle shape and porosity is important in drift studies. For example, the settling velocity of dust particles with an equivalent diameter of 200 μm may vary between 0.1 and 1.2 m s(-1), depending on their shape and density. Our analysis shows that in a wind velocity of 5 m s(-1), such particles ejected at 1 m height may travel between 4 and 50 m from the source before settling. Although micro-CT is a valuable tool to characterize dust particles, the current image processing methodology limits the number of particles that can be analyzed.
A Uniform and Automatic Approach to Copy Elimination in System Extensions via Program Specialization (1996)

: Most operating systems heavily rely on intermediate data structures for modularity or portability reasons. This paper extends program specialization to eliminate these intermediate data structures in a uniform manner. Our transformation process is fully automatic and is based on a specializer for C programs, named Tempo. The key advantage of our approach is that the degree of safety of the source program is preserved by the optimization. As a result, mature system code can be reused without requiring additional verification. Our preliminary results on the automatically optimized RPC code are very promising in that they are identical to the results we obtained by manual specialization of the same code. In this last experiment, performance measurement of the specialized RPC fragments shows a minimal speedup of 30% compared to the non-specialized code. Elimination of intermediate data structures is part of our research effort towards optimizing operating system components via program sp...
Malpractice Litigation After Surgical Injury of the Spinal Accessory Nerve (2008)

To review the background, case characteristics, and outcomes of malpractice litigation resulting from surgical injury of the spinal accessory nerve.Retrospective review of indemnity insurance cases (part 1) and court trials (part 2) between January 1, 1985, and January 1, 2007. In part 1, records of the Medical Liability Mutual Insurance Company identified 41 lawsuits in New York State; part 2 was a review of a national legal database (WestLaw) that identified 81 court trials. Case details were analyzed, and awards were adjusted for inflation.For part 1, of 41 indemnity insurance cases, 39 (95%) involved a posterior triangle lymph node biopsy. Defendants were mainly general surgeons and otolaryngologists. Most lawsuits against surgeons (22 of 34 [65%]) were settled before trial, and only 4 of 34 (12%) were discontinued. Of these 34 cases, 28 (82%) ultimately compensated the plaintiff. The mean inflation-adjusted pretrial settlement was $264 395, and the mean settlement at trial was $443 538. Cases reaching trial received significantly higher settlements (P = .01). For part 2, 81 cases of alleged surgical injury to the spinal accessory nerve were identified. Defendant physicians were mainly general surgeons and otolaryngologists. Most operations were cervical lymph node biopsies (55 [68%]), followed by sebaceous cyst excisions (6 [7%]), neck dissections (4 [5%]), and other procedures (12 [15%]). Morbidity included weakness (81 patients [100%]), pain (30 patients [37%]), inability to work (20 patients [25%]), need for a nerve repair procedure (16 patients [20%]), deformity (9 patients [11%]), and numbness (4 patients [5%]). Types of malpractice alleged included negligent surgical technique (79 cases [98%]), lack of informed consent (17 cases [21%]), and failure to diagnose the injury (16 cases [20%]). Thirty-seven cases (46%) were decided for the defendant, 32 (40%) were decided for the plaintiff, and 12 (15%) were settled (percentages do not total 100 because of rounding). The mean inflation-adjusted settlement was $356 132, and the mean jury award was $515 968. Jury awards were significantly higher than settlements (P = .003).Unintended injury to the spinal accessory nerve after head and neck surgery is a significant source of malpractice litigation. Timely diagnosis and treatment of this complication are essential. Regardless of whether the medical community considers careful surgical technique and nerve preservation to be the standard of care, the legal system clearly treats it as such, awarding compensation in 82% of cases. Strategies for optimal surgical care and litigation risk reduction are discussed.
Expanding Proteoform Identifications in Top-Down Proteomic Analyses by Constructing Proteoform Families (2017)

In top-down proteomics, intact proteins are analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry and proteoforms, which are defined forms of a protein with specific sequences of amino acids and localized post-translational modifications, are identified using precursor mass and fragmentation data. Many proteoforms that are detected in the precursor scan (MS1) are not selected for fragmentation by the instrument and therefore remain unidentified in typical top-down proteomic workflows. Our laboratory has developed the open source software program Proteoform Suite to analyze MS1-only intact proteoform data. Here, we have adapted it to provide identifications of proteoform masses in precursor MS1 spectra of top-down data, supplementing the top-down identifications obtained using the MS2 fragmentation data. Proteoform Suite performs mass calibration using high-scoring top-down identifications and identifies additional proteoforms using calibrated, accurate intact masses. Proteoform families, the set of proteoforms from a given gene, are constructed and visualized from proteoforms identified by both top-down and intact-mass analyses. Using this strategy, we constructed proteoform families and identified 1861 proteoforms in yeast lysate, yielding an approximately 40% increase over the original 1291 proteoform identifications observed using traditional top-down analysis alone.
Band gap engineering in fluorescent conjugated microporous polymers (2011)

We report here the synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) based on pyrene building units. The networks are both microporous and highly luminescent. The emission colour and resulting band gap can be fine tuned by introducing different comonomers and by varying the monomer distribution (statistical versus alternating). These materials might find applications in organic electronics, photocatalysis, optoelectronics, or in sensing technologies.
PINCETTE: validating changes and upgrades in networked software (2010)

PINCETTE is a STREP project under the European Community's 7th Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013]. The project focuses on detecting failures resulting from software changes, thus improving the reliability of networked software systems. The goal of the project is to produce technology for efficient and scalable verification of complex evolving networked software systems, based on integration of static and dynamic analysis and verification algorithms, and the accompanying methodology. The resulting technology will also provide quality metrics to measure the thoroughness of verification. The PINCETTE consortium is composed of the following partners: IBM Israel, University of Oxford, Universita della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca (UniMiB), Technical Research Center of Finland (VTT), ABB, and Israeli Aerospace Industries (IAI).
An Overview of Fatigue Strength of Case-Hardening TRIP-Aided Martensitic Steels (2018)

Surface-hardened layer characteristics and fatigue strength properties of transformation-induced plasticity-aided martensitic steels subjected to heat-treatment or vacuum carburization followed by fine-particle peening are revealed for automotive applications specially for powertrain parts. The as-heat-treated steels without the case-hardening process possess excellent impact toughness and fatigue strength. When the steels are subjected to fine-particle peening after heat-treatment, the fatigue limits of smooth and notched specimens increase considerably, accompanied with low notch sensitivity. Vacuum carburization and subsequent fine-particle peening increases further the fatigue strength of the steels, except notch fatigue limit. The increased fatigue limits are principally associated with high Vickers hardness and compressive residual stress just below the surface, resulting from the severe plastic deformation and the strain-induced martensitic transformation of metastable retained austenite, as well as low surface roughness and fatigue crack initiation depth.
Monolithic integration of photonic devices in SiGe BiCMOS (2014)

We review the development status of device integration in photonic BiCMOS technology. Basic photonic device performance and results of a first fully-integrated technology learning cycle shall be presented.
Femoral nerve infusion after primary total knee arthroplasty (2015)

No significant advantage was found for CFNI over a single-shot femoral block and subarachnoid anaesthesia after TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:11-16.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanoids in Organic Synthesis. Part 8. 1,3‐Asymmetric Induction in Intramolecular Reformatsky‐Type Reactions Promoted by Samarium Diiodide. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of β‐bromoacetoxy‐aldehydes and ‐ketones (I) with SmI 2 (proceeding presumably via the Sm 3+ ester enolates (II)) yields by strict 1,3‐asym.
Research on Sintering and Fusion Characteristics of Several Representative Coal Ashes (2008)

The sintering and fusion characteristics of six coal ashes of different fusion temperature were investigated to check their fouling and slagging characteristics.The curve of sintering rate change rule,X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis,scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electronic probe analysis were adopted in the study of the coal ash sintering and fusion characteristics and the reason for the difference.The results show that the stronger sintering of coal ash is mainly due to the rich formation of sodium-potassium compound with low fusion temperature;While the lower sintering ashes contain plentiful of mineral phases with high fusion temperature.The coal with low fusion point ash is not necessarily connected with strong sintering characteristics.At the same time,the coal with high fusion temperature may be not a weak sintering.The sintering characteristics of coal ashes are mainly dependent on species and the characteristics of the product phase.
The Clinical Neuromuscular Pharmacology of 51W89 in Patients Receiving Nitrous Oxide/Opioid/Barbiturate Anesthesia  (1995)

51W89 is a potent nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that shows noncumulative intermediate-duration neuromuscular blocking pharmacodynamics.
Differentiation of subnucleus-sized oligomers and nucleation-competent assemblies of the A<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> peptide (2022)

A significant feature of Alzheimer's disease is the formation of amyloid deposits in the brain consisting mainly of misfolded derivatives of proteolytic cleavage products of the amyloid precursor protein amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. While high-resolution structures already exist for both the monomer and the amyloid fibril of the Aβ peptide, the mechanism of amyloid formation itself still defies precise characterization. In this study, low and high molecular weight oligomers (LMWOs and HMWOs) were identified by sedimentation velocity analysis, and for the first time, the temporal evolution of oligomer size distributions was correlated with the kinetics of amyloid formation as determined by thioflavin T-binding studies. LMWOs of subnucleus size contain fewer than seven monomer units and exist alongside a heterogeneous group of HMWOs with 20-160 monomer units that represent potential centers of nucleus formation due to high local monomer concentrations. These HMWOs already have slightly increased β-strand content and appear structurally similar regardless of size, as shown by examination with a range of fluorescent dyes. Once fibril nuclei are formed, the monomer concentration begins to decrease, followed by a decrease in oligomer concentration, starting with LMWOs, which are the least stable species. The observed behavior classifies the two LMWOs as off pathway. In contrast, we consider HMWOs to be on-pathway, prefibrillar intermediates, representing structures in which nucleated conformational conversion is facilitated by high local concentrations. Aβ40 and Aβ42 M35<sup>ox</sup> take much longer to form nuclei and enter the growth phase than Aβ42 under identical reaction conditions, presumably because both the size and the concentration of HMWOs formed are much smaller.
Time-resolved CMOS SPAD arrays: architectures, applications and perspectives (2017)

SPADs (Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes) are the viable photodetectors for most single-photon counting and photontiming applications. Some custom SPAD and many complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) SPADs have been reported in literature, with quite different performance and some excelling in just few of them, but often at different operating conditions. Proper performance assessment can be done through figures of merit able to summarize the typical SPAD performance (i.e. photon detection efficiency, dark counting rate, afterpulsing probability, hold-off time, and timing jitter) and to identify a proper metric for SPAD comparisons, when used either as single pixel detectors or in imaging arrays. We present a comparison among some imager architectures and SPAD detectors and arrays in either photon-counting, timing, or imaging applications.
Postexposure Efficacy of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Against High and Low Doses of Marburg Virus Variant Angola in Nonhuman Primates (2018)

A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing the Marburg virus (MARV) Musoke variant glycoprotein fully protects macaques against 2 MARV variants and Ravn virus as a preventive vaccine and MARV variant Musoke as a postexposure treatment. To evaluate postexposure efficacy against the most pathogenic MARV variant, Angola, we engineered rVSVs expressing homologous Angola glycoprotein. Macaques were challenged with high or low doses of variant Angola and treated 20-30 minutes after exposure. A total of 25% and 60%-75% of treated macaques survived the high-dose and low-dose challenges, respectively. The more rapid disease progression of variant Angola versus variant Musoke may account for the incomplete protection observed.
A generalized framework for elliptic curves based PRNG and its utilization in image encryption (2022)

In the last decade, Elliptic Curves (ECs) have shown their efficacy as a safe fundamental component in encryption systems, mainly when used in Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG) design. This paper proposes a framework for designing EC-based PRNG and maps recent PRNG design techniques into the framework, classifying them as iterative and non-iterative. Furthermore, a PRNG is designed based on the framework and verified using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical test suite. The PRNG is then utilized in an image encryption system where statistical measures, differential attack measures, the NIST statistical test suite, and system key sensitivity analysis are used to demonstrate the system's security. The results are good and promising as compared with other related work.
Toward more efficient scan data bandwidth utilization on modern SOCs (2016)

Modern SOCs may be composed of hundreds of individual physical modules, referred to as tiles. The total number of scan channels servicing these tiles often greatly exceeds the number of SOC device pins available to connect those channels to test equipment. Traditional reliance on a small number of pin-to-channel test mode configurations, predetermined in hardware, results in inefficient scan data bandwidth utilization. Herein is presented a flexible switching network called the Scan Routing Fabric (SRF) which can connect any set of tiles' scan channels to available SOC pins in order to facilitate optimal scheduling of tile patterns by bin-packing algorithms. Other planned improvements to be integrated with the SRF, such as dynamic bandwidth management, MICTAM, and independent mode are also discussed.
Strategy for purification of coagulation factor concentrates. (1989)

Advances in biotechnology are permitting significant changes in traditional plasma fractionation schemes. Increases in product purity, safety, and recovery are possible, and new products are being developed. Applications of technology to the purification of factor IX, factor X, protein C, antithrombin III, thrombin, and fibrin glue are described.
Can test length be reduced during synthesis process? (1991)

Conventional multi-level logic synthesis is targeted to reduce the area of the logic circuits (estimated via literal count). This paper looks at multi-level combinational logic synthesis from the objective of minimizing test length, i.e. the size of a test set to detect all irredundant single stuck-at faults in the circuit. The length of a test set affects the test application cost. The synthesis process has been modified to obtain circuits that can be tested with smaller test length. Results of the implementation have shown significant reduction in test length with little increase in run time over the MIS-II synthesis system and very little increase in literal count.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Experimental Studies of Annular (HSURIA) Resonators Including Polarization Effects. (1980)

A repetitively pulsed CO2 laser facility was developed for testing annular resonators. The large-aperture device exhibits generally uniform gain over an annular region of 18-cm outer and 10-centimeter inner diameter. The half-symmetric unstable resonator with internal axicon (HSURIA) was tested at equivalent Fresnel numbers up to 4.5. This resonator design incorporates a W-axicon mirror beam compactor that transforms a cylindrical mode region into an annular mode region. Two HSURIA configurations were evaluated (1) with a rear conical mirror and (2) with a rear flat mirror in the annular leg. (Author)
A novel channel model for land mobile satellite navigation (2005)

Biphalin is a potent opioid peptide agonist, with a palandromic structure, composed of two enkephalin-like active fragments connected tail to tail by a hydrazine linker (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-NH<-Phe<-Gly<-D-Ala<-Tyr). This study presents the synthesis and in vitro bioassays of six new biphalin analogues with three different non-hydrazine linkers, some of which have higher binding affinity and bioactivity than biphalin.
A Cu&lt;inf&gt;x&lt;/inf&gt;O-based resistive memory with low power and high reliability for SOC nonvolatile memory applications (2010)

A Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> O-based resistive memory is successfully integrated in 0.13 μm logic process. Operation algorithm is optimized to achieve low power consumption with reset current down to 30 μA. High thermal stability and small cell size less than 22 F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> have been demonstrated. The advantages make this device promising for system on chip non-volatile memory applications.