gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pin1 mediates Aβ <sub>42</sub> -induced dendritic spine loss (2018)

Early-stage Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the loss of dendritic spines in the neocortex of the brain. This phenomenon precedes tau pathology, plaque formation, and neurodegeneration and likely contributes to synaptic loss, memory impairment, and behavioral changes in patients. Studies suggest that dendritic spine loss is induced by soluble, multimeric amyloid-β (Aβ<sub>42</sub>), which, through postsynaptic signaling, activates the protein phosphatase calcineurin. We investigated how calcineurin caused spine pathology and found that the cis-trans prolyl isomerase Pin1 was a critical downstream target of Aβ<sub>42</sub>-calcineurin signaling. In dendritic spines, Pin1 interacted with and was dephosphorylated by calcineurin, which rapidly suppressed its isomerase activity. Knockout of Pin1 or exposure to Aβ<sub>42</sub> induced the loss of mature dendritic spines, which was prevented by exogenous Pin1. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 blocked dendritic spine loss in Aβ<sub>42</sub>-treated wild-type cells but had no effect on <i>Pin1</i>-null neurons. These data implicate Pin1 in dendritic spine maintenance and synaptic loss in early Alzheimer's disease.
Improved Palladium and Nickel Catalysts Heterogenised on Oxidic Supports (Silica, MCM‐41, ITQ‐2, ITQ‐6) (2004)

Abstract Two series of solid catalysts in which a chiral palladium or nickel complex with Schiff bases as ligands have been immobilized on ordered mesoporous silica supports (MCM‐41), delaminated ITQ‐2, ITQ‐6 zeolites and amorphous silica have been prepared. Hydrogenation of alkenes and imines was studied with the homogeneous as well as with the counterpart heterogenized catalysts. The high accessibility introduced by the structure of the supports allows the preparation of highly efficient immobilized catalysts with TOFs of 1,000,000 h −1 . A moderate acidity in the support increases the catalytic activity considerably, and the easy recoverable immobilized catalysts can duplicate the activity of the homogeneous analogues. No deactivation of the catalysts was observed after repeated recycling.
Possible carcinogenic effect of 6-mercaptopurine on bone marrow stem cells (1999)

These data demonstrate an increased leukemogenic risk when 6MP is administered with other cytotoxic agents in patients with low TPMT activity, and indicate that not only high 6TGN levels but also high levels of methylated metabolites may lead to DNA damage.
Monitoring diffuse injury during disease progression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with on resonance variable delay multiple pulse (onVDMP) CEST MRI (2019)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that targets myelin proteins and results in extensive damage in the central nervous system in the form of focal lesions as well as diffuse molecular changes. Lesions are currently detected using T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, monitoring such lesions has been shown to be a poor predictor of disease progression. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is sensitive to many of the biomolecules in the central nervous system altered in MS that cannot be detected using conventional MRI. We monitored disease progression in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS using on resonance variable delay multiple pulse (onVDMP) CEST MRI. Alterations in onVDMP signal were observed in regions responsible for hindlimb function throughout the central nervous system. Histological analysis revealed glial activation in areas highlighted in onVDMP CEST MRI. onVDMP signal changes in the 3rd ventricle preceded paralysis onset that could not be observed with conventional MRI techniques. Hence, the onVDMP CEST MRI signal has potential as a novel imaging biomarker and predictor of disease progression in MS.
Self-assembled insect muscle bioactuators with long term function under a range of environmental conditions (2014)

The use of mammalian muscles as device actuators is severely limited by their sensitivity to environmental conditions and short lifetime. To overcome these limitations insect muscle stem cells were used to generate organized 3D muscle constructs with significant enhancements in environmental tolerance and long term function. These tissues self-assembled, self-repaired, survived for months in culture without media replenishment and produced stresses of up to 2 kPa, all under ambient conditions. The muscle tissues continued to function for days even under biologically extreme temperature and pH. Furthermore, the dimensions and geometry of these tissues can be easily scaled to MEMS or meso-scale devices. The versatility, environmental hardiness and long term function provide a new path forward for biological actuators for device needs.
Transcriptional Profiles of a Foliar Fungal Endophyte ( <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> , Ascomycota) and Its Bacterial Symbiont ( <i>Luteibacter</i> , <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i> ) Reveal Sulfur Exchange and Growth Regulation during Early Phases of Symbiotic Interaction (2022)

Symbiosis with bacteria is widespread among eukaryotes, including fungi. Bacteria that live within fungal mycelia (endohyphal bacteria) occur in many plant-associated fungi, including diverse Mucoromycota and Dikarya. <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> sp. strain 9143 is a filamentous ascomycete isolated originally as a foliar endophyte of Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae). It is infected naturally with the endohyphal bacterium <i>Luteibacter</i> sp. strain 9143, which influences auxin and enzyme production by its fungal host. Previous studies have used transcriptomics to examine similar symbioses between endohyphal bacteria and root-associated fungi such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. However, currently there are no gene expression studies of endohyphal bacteria of Ascomycota, the most species-rich fungal phylum. To begin to understand such symbioses, we developed methods for assessing gene expression by <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> sp. and <i>Luteibacter</i> sp. when grown in coculture and when each was grown axenically. Our assays showed that the density of <i>Luteibacter</i> sp. in coculture was greater than in axenic culture, but the opposite was true for <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> sp. Dual-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data demonstrate that growing in coculture modulates developmental and metabolic processes in both the fungus and bacterium, potentially through changes in the balance of organic sulfur via methionine acquisition. Our analyses also suggest an unexpected, potential role of the bacterial type VI secretion system in symbiosis establishment, expanding current understanding of the scope and dynamics of fungal-bacterial symbioses. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Interactions between microbes and their hosts have important outcomes for host and environmental health. Foliar fungal endophytes that infect healthy plants can harbor facultative endosymbionts called endohyphal bacteria, which can influence the outcome of plant-fungus interactions. These bacterial-fungal interactions can be influential but are poorly understood, particularly from a transcriptome perspective. Here, we report on a comparative, dual-RNA-seq study examining the gene expression patterns of a foliar fungal endophyte and a facultative endohyphal bacterium when cultured together versus separately. Our findings support a role for the fungus in providing organic sulfur to the bacterium, potentially through methionine acquisition, and the potential involvement of a bacterial type VI secretion system in symbiosis establishment. This work adds to the growing body of literature characterizing endohyphal bacterial-fungal interactions, with a focus on a model facultative bacterial-fungal symbiosis in two species-rich lineages, the Ascomycota and <i>Proteobacteria</i>.
En litteraturstudie i regnbågens färger : Homo och bisexuella personers upplevelser av bemotande fran vardpersonal. (2017)

Titel:En litteraturstudie i regnbagens farger – homo- och bisexuella personers upplevelser av bemotande fran vardpersonal.Bakgrund:Bemotandet ar en viktig del inom varden och ar en stor or ...
eMenthe : a European co-operation project to enhance Master’s level education in mental health practice with eLearning materials (2013)

There are wide differences in the quality and content of mental health nurse education throughout Europe. These are evident in the course structures, emphasis and specific content. This diversity b ...
A Receiver with Memory for Fading Channels (1978)

In this paper, an adaptive receiver with memory for fading communication channels is considered. The receiver consists of an estimator and a detector. The estimator is a finite-memory MMSE estimator with decision-feedback which minimizes the probability of error of the receiver. Asymptotic approximations are employed to derive an adaptive decision role based on the estimate. An example is presented where the receiver with memory is shown to perform better than an optimum receiver without memory.
Uridine Binding by Zn(II) Macrocyclic Complexes:  Diversion of RNA Cleavage Catalysts (2005)

Zn(II) complexes of 1-oxa-4,7,10-triazacyclododecane (12[ane]N3O), 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane (12[ane]N3), and 1-hydroxyethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (9[ane]N3OH) promote cleavage of the RNA analogue, 2-hydroxypropyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate (HpPNP) at pH 8.0, I=0.10 M (NaCl), 25 degrees C with second-order rate constants of 8.9x10(-3), 9.0x10(-3), and 3.3x10(-3) M-1 s-1, respectively. Cleavage of HpPNP by these catalysts is inhibited by uridine with inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.2, 0.46, and 45 mM, respectively, under these conditions. Binding constants derived from these inhibition constants are 2-200-fold larger than those for binding of related Zn(II) complexes to phosphate diesters under similar conditions, suggesting that uridine sequences in RNA will inhibit Zn(II)-catalyzed cleavage by competing with phosphate diester binding sites. Further studies are carried out that utilize pH-potentiometric titrations to monitor uridine binding to five Zn(II) macrocyclic complexes in aqueous solution at 25 degrees C, I=0.10 M (NaCl). The data are consistent with binding of the Zn(II) complexes to the N3-deprotonated form of uridine to give log KU.-values of 5.29, 4.57, 4.56, 3.47, and 2.65 for the Zn(II) complexes of 12[ane]N3, 12[ane]N4, 12[ane]N3O, 15[ane]N3O2, and 9[ane]N3OH, respectively (12[ane]N4=1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 15[ane]N3O2=1,4-dioxa-7,10,13-triazacyclopentadecane). For the five Zn(II) complexes studied, there is a linear relationship between uridine anion binding constants and hydroxide binding constants.
Binding of glucocorticoid receptors to DNA. (1975)

DNA has been implicated as the nuclear acceptor for receptor-glucocorticoid complexes. The present study concerns the interaction of these complexes, isolated from cultured rat hepatoma cells, with purified DNA. This association is rapid, reaching a maximum within a few minutes at 0 degrees, whereas dissociation requires several hours. DNA binds neither free glucocorticoids nor those complexed with transcortin or cytosol proteins different from the receptor. Receptors which are not complexed by steroid have little or no affinity for DNA. "Activation," necessary for the binding of receptor-steroid complexes to isolated nuclei, also enhances DNA binding. The capacity of DNA for binding receptor-steroid complexes is large; saturation was not observed at the complex concentrations studied, using either crude or partially purified receptor preparations. The association of complexes with DNA is inhibited by divalent cations, at increasing ionic strengths, and by mercurial reagents. Complexes bind equally well to bacterial, bacteriophage, or rat DNA; however, there was either no or substantially reduced binding by bacterial 23 S rRNA. The binding of complexes to native DNA is roughly 3-fold greater than to denatured DNA. These characteristics are consistent with the possibility that DNA is the nuclear acceptor for receptor-glucocorticoid complexes; however, the actual composition of the acceptor sites remains unknown.
Fault Ride-through Capability Enhancement of Voltage Source Converter-High Voltage Direct Current Systems with Bridge Type Fault Current Limiters (2017)

This paper proposes the use of bridge type fault current limiters (BFCLs) as a potential solution to reduce the impact of fault disturbance on voltage source converter-based high voltage DC (VSC-HVDC) systems. Since VSC-HVDC systems are vulnerable to faults, it is essential to enhance the fault ride-through (FRT) capability with auxiliary control devices like BFCLs. BFCL controllers have been developed to limit the fault current during the inception of system disturbances. Real and reactive power controllers for the VSC-HVDC have been developed based on current control mode. DC link voltage control has been achieved by a feedback mechanism such that net power exchange with DC link capacitor is zero. A grid-connected VSC-HVDC system and a wind farm integrated VSC-HVDC system along with the proposed BFCL and associated controllers have been implemented in a real time digital simulator (RTDS). Symmetrical three phase as well as different types of unsymmetrical faults have been applied in the systems in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed BFCL solution. DC link voltage fluctuation, machine speed and active power oscillation have been greatly suppressed with the proposed BFCL. Another significant feature of this work is that the performance of the proposed BFCL in VSC-HVDC systems is compared to that of series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR). Comparative results show that the proposed BFCL is superior over SDBR in limiting fault current as well as improving system fault ride through (FRT) capability.
A Complex Zinc Finger Controls the Enzymatic Activities of Nidovirus Helicases (2004)

Nidoviruses (Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, and Roniviridae) encode a nonstructural protein, called nsp10 in arteriviruses and nsp13 in coronaviruses, that is comprised of a C-terminal superfamily 1 helicase domain and an N-terminal, putative zinc-binding domain (ZBD). Previously, mutations in the equine arteritis virus (EAV) nsp10 ZBD were shown to block arterivirus reproduction by disrupting RNA synthesis and possibly virion biogenesis. Here, we characterized the ATPase and helicase activities of bacterially expressed mutant forms of nsp10 and its human coronavirus 229E ortholog, nsp13, and correlated these in vitro activities with specific virus phenotypes. Replacement of conserved Cys or His residues with Ala proved to be more deleterious than Cys-for-His or His-for-Cys replacements. Furthermore, denaturation-renaturation experiments revealed that, during protein refolding, Zn2+ is essential for the rescue of the enzymatic activities of nidovirus helicases. Taken together, the data strongly support the zinc-binding function of the N-terminal domain of nidovirus helicases. nsp10 ATPase/helicase deficiency resulting from single-residue substitutions in the ZBD or deletion of the entire domain could not be complemented in trans by wild-type ZBD, suggesting a critical function of the ZBD in cis. Consistently, no viral RNA synthesis was detected after transfection of EAV full-length RNAs encoding ATPase/helicase-deficient nsp10 into susceptible cells. In contrast, diverse phenotypes were observed for mutants with enzymatically active nsp10, which in a number of cases correlated with the activities measured in vitro. Collectively, our data suggest that the ZBD is critically involved in nidovirus replication and transcription by modulating the enzymatic activities of the helicase domain and other, yet unknown, mechanisms.
Patterned gas absorbing films for assuring long-term reliability and improving performances of mems and omems (2006)

Microsensor packaging is one of the most important and challenging technology areas. Many microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and optical MEMS (OMEMS) need to be protected from outside environment stresses: therefore the package must provide an interior environment compatible with the device operation, performances, reliability and lifetime. In addition some MEMS need a specific gas or pressure environment within the package to operate as specified: in particular, OMEMS should be protected against moisture related failures
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Anion Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Applied to the Direct Enantioselective Fluorinative Dearomatization of Phenols. (2013)

Abstract This reaction yields quaternary fluorine‐substituted stereocenters with good enantioselectivities, which are interesting building blocks for synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
Failure Analysis Methods Applied to PV Module Reliability (2009)

In the testing of photovoltaic materials and modules, failure mode analysis (FMA) provides insights into the specific mechanism of performance breakdown and offers opportunities to improve performance by materials, process and design modification. We review several analytical methods applied to the failure mode analysis of a photovoltaic module and test structures to better understand the nature of the failure including several methods not previously discussed in the FMA literature applied to photovoltaic devices. Included in this discussion will be the use of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and x-ray microtomography to investigate the failure mechanism in electrical impulse testing of a candidate PV module.
ChemInform Abstract: New Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐α‐Iodovinylsilanes via One‐Pot Iododesilylation/Isomerization of 1,1‐Bis(silyl)alk‐1‐enes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The calcium connection (2010)

can induce signalling pathways that regulate a broad range of cellular events, including those important in tumorigenesis. A recent study has characterized a new mech anism of constitutive Ca 2+ signalling that involves the Ca 2+ store-operated channel ORAI1 and ATP-powered calcium pumps. One diagnostic feature of breast cancers is the formation of microcalcifications that can be seen on mammograms, suggesting that deregulation of Ca 2+ signalling
Study blazing new trails into effects of aviation and rocket exhaust in the atmosphere (1999)

A new study may help resolve uncertainties in the impact of aviation and rocket exhaust on the atmosphere. Results of the project are expected to serve the aviation and rocket communities in their propulsion system choices and fleet operations in the 21st century. The study, known as the Atmospheric Chemistry of Combustion Emissions near the Tropopause (ACCENT) project, follows the lead of two other programs motivated by continuing concern over the impact such emissions are having on upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) ozone and climate. ACCENT in effect combines those two programs, one of which concerns aviation, the other rockets.
Grid-Free Localization Algorithm Using Low-Rank Hankel Matrix for Super-Resolution Microscopy (2018)

Localization microscopy, such as STORM / PALM, can reconstruct super-resolution images with a nanometer resolution through the iterative localization of fluorescence molecules. Recent studies in this area have focused mainly on the localization of densely activated molecules to improve temporal resolutions. However, higher density imaging requires an advanced algorithm that can resolve closely spaced molecules. Accordingly, sparsitydriven methods have been studied extensively. One of the major limitations of existing sparsity-driven approaches is the need for a fine sampling grid or for Taylor series approximation which may result in some degree of localization bias toward the grid. In addition, prior knowledge of the point-spread function (PSF) is required. To address these drawbacks, here we propose a true grid-free localization algorithm with adaptive PSF estimation. Specifically, based on the observation that sparsity in the spatial domain implies a low rank in the Fourier domain, the proposed method converts source localization problems into Fourier-domain signal processing problems so that a truly gridfree localization is possible. We verify the performance of the newly proposed method with several numerical simulations and a live-cell imaging experiment.
Abstract 16760: Frequency and Spectrum of Treatment Associated Side Effects and Complications in Patients With Long QT Syndrome (2017)

Introduction: Beta-blockers (BB), left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD), and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are the primary therapeutic modalities to prevent or reduce long QT...
An Effect of Protruding Ends of λ-DNA on its Adsorption onto Hydrophobic Solid Surfaces during Molecular Combing (2007)

Abstract We investigated an effect of difference in extremities of DNA on its adsorption onto chemically modified cover glass slips. Two kinds of DNA were used. These are λ-DNA and λ-DNA treated with T4 DNA polymerase, which have protruding ends and blunt ends, respectively. The glass substrate surfaces were silanized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) or octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTS). Both DNA molecules were adsorbed on the APS-treated surface due to electrostatic interaction between the positively charged ammonium groups and the negatively charged phosphate groups along the DNA chains, while only untreated λ-DNA was adsorbed on the OTS-treated surface. The latter result is attributable to hydrophobic interaction between the protruding ends and the OTS-treated surface.
Replication-induced stimulation of the major late promoter of adenovirus is correlated to the binding of a factor to sequences in the first intron (1988)

The sequence requirements for transcriptional stimulation of the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) by the products of the early transcription unit Ela and by the replication of viral DNA were analyzed by in vitro transcription. Sequences upstream of +33 are involved in the moderate Ela-responsiveness of the MLP, while sequences between +33 and +131 are required for its major replication-induced transcriptional activation. Dnase I footprinting experiments delineate a sequence component, extending from +76 to +120, which binds protein(s) only in extracts of cells where viral DNA replication occurred. Taken together, these results suggest that the replication-dependent stimulation of the MLP is mediated by the increased binding of this protein(s).
Identification of hepcidin antagonists through a high throughput screening approach (2010)

Hepcidin is a peptide hormone with a key role in iron homeostasis. It acts by causing degradation of its receptor, the cellular iron exporter ferroportin, which results in decreased iron supply to plasma. Elevated hepcidin is a mediator of anemia of inflammation (AI), a condition which develops in a wide variety of infectious and inflammatory diseases and contributes to their morbidity. During inflammation, increased hepcidin levels leads to a restriction of iron supply for erythropoiesis, and eventually anemia. We developed a high‐content screen using cells expressing ferroportin‐GFP fusion protein to identify small molecules acting as hepcidin antagonists. We identified compounds which disrupt the hepcidin‐ferroportin axis and allow continuous iron export from cells in the presence of hepcidin. The hepcidin antagonists include thiol modifiers and cardiac glycosides. Thiol modifiers inhibit hepcidin binding to ferroportin while cardiac glycosides inhibit ferroportin internalization. These hits are undergoing further characterizations in cellular studies and animal models of AI. The studies will answer fundamental questions about the pathogenesis of AI and the related problem of resistance to erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents. The screen may also provide lead compounds for further development as therapeutics. This work is supported by NIH/NIDDK and NRSA.