gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery and mechanism of action of pegvisomant (2003)

Using a structure-function approach to the understanding of the molecular topology of the GH molecule, we discovered that glycine in the third alpha-helix of GH (G119 of bovine GH and G120 of human GH) was an important amino acid required for GH action. Substitution of this glycine residue with a variety of amino acids results in molecules that lack growth-promoting activity. More importantly, these molecules inhibit the actions of GH both in vitro and in vivo. These results, obtained more than a decade ago, were the basis for the discovery of GH antagonists. Since that time, efforts have been focused on establishing the mechanism by which these antagonists inhibit GH action. In this regard, in vivo expression of GH-antagonist genes in transgenic mice results in dwarf animals. The animals are fertile and possess no abnormal 'phenotypes'. Dwarf mice have also been created by disrupting or 'knocking out' the GH receptor gene. Together, these results have laid the foundation for the clinical use of GH antagonists when endogenous GH levels are increased or when GH is known to be a factor in the progression of the disorder.
Modulatory Effect of 2‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone on Endothelial Vasodilation in Rat Aorta (2016)

The vascular endothelium plays an essential role in the control of the blood flow. Pharmacological agents like quinone (menadione) at various doses modulate this process in a variety of ways. In this study, <b>Q7</b>, a 2-phenylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivative, significantly increased oxidative stress and induced vascular dysfunction at concentrations that were not cytotoxic to endothelial or vascular smooth muscle cells. <b>Q7</b> reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels and endothelial vasodilation to acetylcholine in rat aorta. It also blunted the calcium release from intracellular stores by increasing the phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction when CaCl<sub>2</sub> was added to a calcium-free medium but did not affect the influx of calcium from extracellular space. <b>Q7</b> increased the vasoconstriction to BaCl<sub>2</sub> (10<sup>-3</sup> M), an inward rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels blocker, and blocked the vasodilation to KCl (10<sup>-2</sup> M) in aortic rings precontracted with BaCl<sub>2</sub>. This was recovered with sodium nitroprusside (10<sup>-8</sup> M), a NO donor. In conclusion, <b>Q7</b> induced vasoconstriction was through a modulation of cellular mechanisms involving calcium fluxes through K<sup>+</sup> channels, and oxidative stress induced endothelium damage. These findings contribute to the characterization of new quinone derivatives with low cytotoxicity able to pharmacologically modulate vasodilation.
Ultrathin 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride on Metal Films: Underpotential Sodium Deposition in Adlayers for Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2020)

Efficient and low-cost anode materials for the sodium-ion battery are highly desired to enable more economic energy storage. Effects on an ultrathin carbon nitride film deposited on a copper metal electrode are presented. The combination of effects show an unusually high capacity to store sodium metal. The g-C<sub>3</sub> N<sub>4</sub> film is as thin as 10 nm and can be fabricated by an efficient, facile, and general chemical-vapor deposition method. A high reversible capacity of formally up to 51 Ah g<sup>-1</sup> indicates that the Na is not only stored in the carbon nitride as such, but that carbon nitride activates also the metal for reversible Na-deposition, while forming at the same time an solid electrolyte interface layer avoiding direct contact of the metallic phase with the liquid electrolyte.
Morphology and chemical composition of carbon sputter targets (2003)

Summary form only given. The protective carbon overcoat in magnetic recording disk media is usually produced by sputtering graphite. To achieve different physical properties, nitrogen, hydrogen, and hydrocarbon, in addition to Ar gas, is used to produce various forms of amorphous carbon (a-C) like hydrogenated a-C, nitrogenated a-C, and hybrid a-C which contains a both nitrogen and hydrogen. In this paper, we investigated the morphology and chemical composition changes of graphite targets that has undergone magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology is examined using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and secondary electron microscopy. Surface chemical composition and carbon structure changes are studied using Raman spectroscopy as well as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).
Chemical and electrochemical reduction of pyrazino[2,3-<i>g</i>]quinoxalines and of their benzo and dibenzo derivatives; the structure of fluorindine and the formation of tetraanion (1987)

The structure of fluorindine is established by nmr as the 5,14-dihydroquinoxalino[2,3-b]phenazine. The catalytic hydrogenation of 2,3-di(p-methoxyphenyl)pyrazino[2,3-b]phenazine 2a leads to the 6,11-dihydro derivative 4a. The electrochemical reduction in an hydroorganic medium furnishes 4a and then the 1,4,6,11-tetrahydro derivative 8a. In dry DMSO the voltammogram shows four monoelectronic reversible systems corresponding to the successive formation of a radical anion, dianion, radical trianion, and tetraanion. Thus 2a appears as a new example of the very restricted class of compounds leading to tetraanions upon electrochemical reduction. The catalytic hydrogenation of 2,7-diphenylpyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline 1a or the reaction of LiAlH 4 with 1,2,7,8-tetramethylpyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline 1b leads to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro compounds. The electrochemical reduction of 1a and 1b in hydroorganic medium leads successively to 1,4-dihydro and then to 1,4,6,9-tetrahydro compounds which undergo a further rearrangement. In dry DMSO 1a and 1b behave differently from 2a: one only observes two reversible monoelectronic systems.
A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation (2021)

Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions play an important role in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. During inflammation, excessive migration of activated leukocytes across the vascular endothelium into key organs can lead to organ failure. A physiologically relevant biomimetic microfluidic assay (bMFA) has been developed and validated using several experimental and computational techniques, which can reproduce the entire leukocyte rolling/adhesion/migration cascade to study leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. Microvascular networks obtained from in vivo images in rodents were digitized using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach and microfabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on a microscope slide. To study the effect of shear rate and vascular topology on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed to generate a corresponding map of shear rates and velocities throughout the network. The bMFA enables the quantification of leukocyte-endothelial cells interactions, including rolling velocity, number of adhered leukocytes in response to different shear rates, number of migrated leukocytes, endothelial cell permeability, adhesion molecule expression and other important variables. Furthermore, by using human-related samples, such as human endothelial cells and leukocytes, bMFA provides a tool for rapid screening of potential therapeutics to increase their clinical translatability.
Polarized zone-center phonon modes of wurtzite GaAs (2010)

Zone-center optical phonons are studied via polarized micro-Raman scattering in wurtzite GaAs crystals grown on sapphire. Polarized spectra reveal the ${A}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{E}_{1}$ splitting in the Raman spectra of all polar optical modes of the wurtzite crystal. The polar mode splitting can be used to estimate a material birefringence of $\ensuremath{\Delta}n\ensuremath{\sim}0.02$.
A portable optical fiber probe for in vivo brain temperature measurements (2016)

We report on the development of an optical fiber based probe for in vivo measurements of brain temperature. By using a thin layer of rare-earth doped tellurite glass on the tip of a silica optical fiber a durable probe, suitable for long-term<i> in vivo </i>measurements of temperature can be fabricated. The probe can be interrogated using a portable optical measurement setup, allowing for measurements to be performed outside of standard optical laboratories as no alignment of components is required. This setup is deployed to a medical research laboratory to show preliminary results on the use of these optical fibers for <i>in vivo </i>pre-clinical measurements of brain temperature.
Growth of non‐polar (11$ \bar 2 $0) and semi‐polar (11$ \bar 2 $6) AlN and GaN films on the R‐plane sapphire (2007)

Abstract In this paper, we present detailed studies of growth of AlN and GaN films on R‐plane sapphire substrates. Contrary to previously reported work that GaN grows with its A‐plane (11 $ \bar 2 $ 0) parallel to the R‐plane (1 $ \bar 1 $ 02) of sapphire, our studies indicate that the crystallographic orientation of the III‐nitride films grown on such substrates depends strongly on the kinetic conditions of growth of the AlN buffer. Specifically, the group III‐rich conditions of growth of AlN buffer lead to nitride films having the (11 $ \bar 2 $ 0) planes parallel to the sapphire surface, while growth of the buffer under N rich conditions leads to nitride films with the (11 $ \bar 2 $ 6) planes parallel to the sapphire surface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flat panel imagers with pixel level amplifiers based on polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor technology (2002)

We report here the realization of a large-area compatible, flat panel imager with pixel level amplifiers. The imager is based on excimer-laser crystallized, polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors. By incorporating pixel level amplification, flat panel imagers are expected to be able to achieve unprecedented noise performance, with the hope of achieving single photon detection. We have demonstrated good noise performance of 1300 erms, exceeding the commonly accepted industry standard of 2000 erms. We also briefly discuss the source of the extra noise, as well as the possibility of further reducing the noise level.
Growth of semipolar {11$ \bar 2 $2} GaN using SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> intermediate layer by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (2014)

Abstract Semipolar {11‐22} plane GaN layer was grown using a SiN x intermediate layer by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). By optimizing the deposition time of the SiN x intermediate layer, the dislocation density decreased compared to that of a conventional {11‐22} GaN layer. The reduction in the dislocation density was due to three dimensional regrowth of the {11‐22} GaN layer at the interface. However, basal plane stacking faults (BSFs) were increased by use of the SiN x intermediate layer, and with increasing the SiN x deposition time. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High-performance short-wavelength infrared photodetectors based on type-II InAs/InAs1-xSbx/AlAs1-xSbx superlattices (2016)

We present a high-performance short-wavelength infrared n-i-p photodiode, whose structure is based on type-II superlattices with InAs/InAs<sub>1-x</sub>Sb<sub>x</sub>/AlAs<sub>1-x</sub>Sb<sub>x</sub> on GaSb substrate. At room temperature (300K) with front-side illumination, the device shows the peak responsivity of 0.47 A/W at 1.6mm, corresponding to 37% quantum efficiency at zero bias. At 300K, the device has a 50% cut-off wavelength of ~1.8mm. For −50mV applied bias at 300 K the photodetector has dark current density of 9.6x10<sup>-5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> and RxA of 285 &Omega;&bull;cm<sup>2</sup>, and it revealed a detectivity of 6.45x10<sup>10</sup> cm&bull;Hz<sup>1/2</sup>/W. Dark current density reached to 1.3x10<sup>-8</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> at 200 K, with 36% quantum efficiency which leads to the detectivity value of 5.66x10<sup>12</sup> cm&bull;Hz<sup>1/2</sup>/W.
Numerical modeling and design of Pnp InAlAs-InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (2002)

Pnp InAlAs/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors have been studied using a two dimensional, numerical approach based on a commercial simulator. Initial simulation results have shown good agreement with the available experimental data. This paper examines the effects of the epitaxial layer parameters and optimization of the transistor's multi-layer epitaxial structure. Due to the small hole diffusion length, base widths approaching 30 nm are needed to achieve significant current gain (>100) and large f/sub /spl tau// (>10 GHz). The high majority carrier electron mobility in the base allows the base resistance to remain small as the base width and doping are reduced so that an f/sub /spl tau// greater than 20 GHz and an f/sub max/ greater than 30 GHz are possible.
Acoustic and Elastic Properties of PZT Ceramics with Anisotropic Pores (1985)

It has been shown that anisotropic porosity in PZT reduces the d 31 /d 33 , ratio, raising the hydrostatic piezoelectric response of PZT significantly. In the present work, this behavior is related to Poisson's ratio by applying the Gibbs thermodynamic energy function, literature data for dense PZT ceramics and for materials with hexagonal crystal symmetry, and experimental results for PZT with anisotropic porosity. Acoustic as well as mechanical tests of PZT ceramics with anisotropic pores demonstrate the elastic anisotropies that cause the reduction in Poisson's ratio. The dependence of d 31 /d 33 on Poisson's ratio is also detailed. In addition, a close relation between d 31 /d 33 and the longitudinal acoustic velocity is demonstrated. Flexural strength tests indicate that anisotropic pores provide dh n ‐enhanced PZT ceramics with significantly greater strength than isotropic pores.
Periodically poled lithium niobate by electron beam: irradiation conditions and second harmonic generation (2000)

Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) using counter-propagating Quasi Phase Matching (QPM) configuration often requires a fine non-linearity with a period of a fraction of a micrometer. The direct Electron Beam (EB) domain reversal technique seems to be promising to achieve gratings on LiNbO3 with such a small period compared to other current poling technologies as it is lithographic free and exhibits a very high theoretical resolution (5 mm). We present here, a preliminary study concerning the influence of EB irradiation conditions on domain inversion; SHG is also examined on a 6.58 j.tm inverted periodic domain grating in lithium niobate using a Nd-YaG laser light. It is well known that LiNbO3 is an attractive material for many optical applications because of its transparency over a large wavelength band (350 mm to 5000 mm) and its high nonlinear coefficients. EB irradiation is performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) driven by a Computer Aided Design (CAD) application developed in our laboratory. Various structures such as periodic gratings can be written with the chosen period. The ferroelectric domain inversion is investigated as a function of the accelerating voltage of the electrons (10 to 30 kV), the scanning speed of the EB (0.97 to 7.76 mm/s) and the current received by the sample (1.6 to 14 nA). The inversion patterns have been revealed by chemical etching (HF) and they have been observed using SEM. It has been shown that the duty cycle is respected on the irradiated face. The SHG conversion efficiency is measured as a function of the temperature and the grating period is calculated (value of6.564 jim).
Fluorescence-informed photoacoustic discrimination of multiple chromophores by lifetime mapping optically gated responses (2023)

Synchronously Amplified Photoacoustic Image Recovery (SAPhIRe) offers improved background suppression using non-linear properties of modulatable contrast agents. Using SAPhIRe, multiple contrast agents in the same absorption window can be detected independently based on their unique triplet-state lifetimes. Here, we have demonstrated the unmixing of rose bengal and eosin Y signals from solution based on triplet-state lifetime mapping using both fluorescence and photoacoustics. Varying the pump-probe delay enables resolution and recovery of fast-decaying rose bengal and of slowly decaying eosin Y modulated photoacoustic signals, resulting from optically gated triplet state residence. Distinct images were reconstructed within tissue-mimicking phantom using the fitting coefficients of triplet-state lifetimes. Fluorescence was used to screen for modulation prior to photoacoustic imaging. The results suggest that lifetime unmixing can be utilized to simultaneously detect multiple pathologies with overlapping spectra using photoacoustic imaging.
Supplementary Tables S1-S5, Figures S1-S2, Methods from A Tissue Systems Pathology Assay for High-Risk Barrett's Esophagus (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Summary of Progression Endpoints in Incident Progressor Patients. Table S2. Correlation Among Quantitative Image Analysis Features Derived from the Same Candidate Biomarkers. Table S3. Comparison of Predictive Performance of Risk Classes Predicted by Test vs. Clinical Variables in Training Set of BE Patients. Table S4. Comparison of Predictive Performance of Risk Score as a Continuous Variable vs. Clinical Variables in Training Set. Table S5. Comparison of Predictive Performance of Risk Score as a Continuous Variable vs. Clinical Variables in Validation Set. Figure S1. Flowchart of Steps to Train and Validate 3-Tier 15-Feature/Measure Classifier for Risk Prediction in Barrett's Esophagus Biopsies. Figure S2. Multiplexed Biomarker Labeling and Imaging in Incident Progressor BE Cases. Supplementary Methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Design, manufacturing and characterization of printed circuit board embedded inductors for power applications (2018)

The Printed-Circuit-Board (PCB) technology is attractive for power electronic systems as it offers a low manufacturing cost for mass production. Power inductors are large and complex to manufacture, because they usually are custom components which must be wound individually. Inductors based on PCB technology can reduce the complexity and cost while using a wasted space (the thickness of said PCB). In this paper, a procedure to design such inductors is summarized, with a focus on inductors intended to be implemented in converters in the 100–1000 W range. The main contribution of this paper is the description of the manufacturing process : the inductors use PCB to host their magnetic core while their winding is made by patterning the PCB copper layers and using copper vias. In addition, new experimental results are presented : the prototypes are electrically characterized, and the results are discussed to present the advantages and drawbacks of this technology, as well as the remaining open questions.
NMR Relaxometry to Characterize the Drug Structural Phase in a Porous Construct (2018)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency spectra and T2 relaxation time measurements, using a high-power radio frequency probe, are shown to characterize the presence of an amorphous drug in a porous silica construct. The results indicate the ability of non-solid-state NMR methods to characterize crystalline and amorphous solid structural phases in drugs. Two-dimensional T1–T2 magnetic relaxation time correlation experiments are shown to monitor the impact of relative humidity on the drug in a porous silica tablet.
Ironless Low Frequency Loudspeaker Working Under its Resonance Frequency (2013)

A soon achieved low frequency loudspeaker (10 Hz to 100 Hz) is described. To suppress the non-linearities and the drawbacks due to the motor, its structure is totally ironless. The large flat diaphragm and the high force factor of the loudspeaker lead to its high efficiency. Efforts have been made for reducing the non-linearities of the loudspeaker for a more accurate sound reproduction. Especially we have developed a motor totally made of permanent mag-nets, which create a uniform induction across the entire intended displacement of the coil. The motor linearity and the high force factor of the loudspeaker make it possible to work under its resonance frequency. This functioning needs the use of a DSP to raise the 12 dB/octave slope of the pressure response of the loudspeaker under its resonance frequency and to protect the moving pieces from large displacements. Results presented here are to be completed as soon as the loudspeaker will be achieved.
CMOS Analog Iterative Decoders Using Margin Propagation Circuits (2006)

Analog iterative decoders offer several advantages over their digital counterparts in terms of speed and power consumption. The current state of art CMOS analog decoders uses MOS transistors biased in weak inversion which limits their speed of operation. In this paper a novel analog decoding network is presented which can operate with MOS transistor biased both in weak and strong inversion. The principle of operation is based on margin propagation algorithm which requires only addition, subtraction and thresholding operation which can be easily implemented in analog VLSI. A current mode implementation of the decoder is proposed which operates directly in log-likelihood space. This not only improves the speed of convergence for iterative decoding but also enhances the dynamic range of the decoder. Simulation based on a simple tail-biting trellis is presented that demonstrate the decoding characteristic and speed of operation of the proposed margin propagation network
Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy with Ostial Stent Intubation Following Nasolacrimal Duct Stent Incarceration (2014)

EE-DCR with LOS intubation may be an effective procedure to manage the special subgroup of patients with chronic dacryocystitis with incarcerations of a previously implanted NDS.
Categorization of Anomalies in Smart Manufacturing Systems to Support the Selection of Detection Mechanisms (2017)

An important issue in anomaly detection in smart manufacturing systems is the lack of consistency in the formal definitions of anomalies, faults, and attacks. The term anomaly is used to cover a wide range of situations that are addressed by different types of solutions. In this letter, we categorize anomalies in machines, controllers, and networks along with their detection mechanisms, and unify them under a common framework to aid in the identification of potential solutions. The main contribution of the proposed categorization is that it allows the identification of gaps in anomaly detection in smart manufacturing systems.
SCIENTIFIC OPINION Lipil ® and visual development (2009)

SUMMARY Following an application from Mead Johnson Nutritionals submitted pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of France, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Lipil ® and visual development. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim referring to children’s development and health. The food constituent which is the subjects of the health claim is Lipil ® . DHA and ARA in Lipil ® are derived from single cell oils. The absorption of DHA and ARA is well documented. The Panel considers that the food constituents DHA and ARA are sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect is the contribution to the optimal visual development of infants and young children. The target population proposed by the applicant is infants and young children (from birth to three years of age). The Panel considers that a normal visual function is beneficial for infants’ and children’s development and health.