gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromatographic Properties of Minimal Aspect Ratio Monolithic Silica Columns (2017)

We report on a study wherein we synthesized TMOS-based silica monolithic skeletons in capillaries with an i.d. of 5 and 10 μm to produce skeleton structures with very low capillary-to-domain size aspect-ratios. These structures include the absolute minimal aspect-ratio case of a monolithic structure whose cross-section only contains a single node point. With domain-sized based reduced plate heights running as low as h<sub>min</sub> = 1.3-1.5 for retained coumarin dyes providing a retention factor of k = 0.6-1.0, the study confirms the classic observation that ultralow aspect ratio columns generate a markedly lower dispersion than columns with a larger aspect ratio made in the past by Knox, Jorgenson, and Kennedy for the packed bed of spheres, but now for silica monoliths. The course of the reduced van Deemter curves, and more specifically the ratio of A-term versus C-term band broadening, could be interpreted in terms of the width and persistence length of the velocity bias zones in the columns. Considering the overall kinetic performance, it is found that the two best performing structures are also the structures with the lowest number of domains or node points, that is, with the lowest capillary-to-domain size aspect-ratio and, hence, resembling closest to the open-tubular format, which remains confirmed as the column format with the best kinetic performance. This is quantified by the fact that the minimal impedance values (order of E<sub>min</sub> = 100) of the best performing ultralow aspect ratio monolithic columns are still significantly larger than the E<sub>min</sub> values for the reference open-tubular columns (order of E<sub>min</sub> = 15-20).
Fly-Ash Evaluation as Potential EOL Material Replacement of Cement in Pastes: Morpho-Structural and Physico-Chemical Properties Assessment (2022)

The main objective of the study was to produce alternative binder materials, obtained with low cost, low energy consumption, and low CO<sub>2</sub> production, by regenerating end-of-life (EOL) materials from mineral deposits, to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The materials analyzed were ash and slag from the Turceni thermal power plant deposit, Romania. These were initially examined for morphology, mineralogical composition, elemental composition, degree of crystallinity, and heating behavior, to determine their ability to be used as a potential source of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) and to establish the activation and transformation temperature in the SCM. The in-situ pozzolanic behavior of commercial cement, as well as cement mixtures with different percentages of ash addition, were further observed. The mechanical resistance, water absorption, sorptivity capacity, resistance to alkali reactions (ASR), corrosion resistance, and resistance to reaction with sulfates were evaluated in this study using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-Integrin Circumvents the Antiproliferative Effects of Trastuzumab in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2–Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-Integrin Circumvents the Antiproliferative Effects of Trastuzumab in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2–Positive Breast Cancer
Data from A Functional Landscape of Resistance to MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 Inhibition in NRAS-Mutant Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Combinatorial inhibition of MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 is currently undergoing clinical investigation in NRAS-mutant melanoma. To prospectively map the landscape of resistance to this investigational regimen, we utilized a series of gain- and loss-of-function forward genetic screens to identify modulators of resistance to clinical inhibitors of MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 alone and in combination. First, we identified NRAS-mutant melanoma cell lines that were dependent on NRAS for proliferation and sensitive to MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 combination treatment. We then used a genome-scale ORF overexpression screen and a CRISPR knockout screen to identify modulators of resistance to each inhibitor alone or in combination. These orthogonal screening approaches revealed concordant means of achieving resistance to this therapeutic modality, including tyrosine kinases, RAF, RAS, AKT, and PI3K signaling. Activated KRAS was sufficient to cause resistance to combined MEK/CDK inhibition and to replace genetic depletion of oncogenic NRAS. In summary, our comprehensive functional genetic screening approach revealed modulation of resistance to the inhibition of MEK1/2, CDK4/6, or their combination in NRAS-mutant melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings reveal that NRAS-mutant melanomas can acquire resistance to genetic ablation of &lt;i&gt;NRAS&lt;/i&gt; or combination MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 inhibition by upregulating activity of the RTK–RAS–RAF and RTK–PI3K–AKT signaling cascade.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Competition between CO<sub>2</sub>-philicity and Mixing Entropy Leads to CO<sub>2</sub> Solubility Maximum in Polyether Polyols (2022)

In carbon dioxide-blown polymer foams, the solubility of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in the polymer profoundly shapes the structure and, consequently, the physical properties of the foam. One such foam is polyurethane-commonly used for thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, and cushioning-which increasingly relies on CO<sub>2</sub> to replace environmentally harmful blowing agents. Polyurethane is produced through the reaction of isocyanate and polyol, of which the polyol has the higher capacity for dissolving CO<sub>2</sub>. While previous studies have suggested the importance of the effect of hydroxyl end groups on CO<sub>2</sub> solubility in short polyols (<1000 g/mol), their effect in polyols with higher molecular weight (≥1000 g/mol) and higher functionality (>2 hydroxyls per chain)-as are commonly used in polyurethane foams-has not been reported. Here, we show that the solubility of CO<sub>2</sub> in polyether polyols decreases with molecular weight above 1000 g/mol and decreases with functionality using measurements performed by gravimetry-axisymmetric drop-shape analysis. The nonmonotonic effect of molecular weight on CO<sub>2</sub> solubility results from the competition between effects that reduce CO<sub>2</sub> solubility (lower mixing entropy) and effects that increase CO<sub>2</sub> solubility (lower ratio of hydroxyl end groups to ether backbone groups). To generalize our measurements, we modeled the CO<sub>2</sub> solubility using a perturbed chain-statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) model, which we validated by showing that a density functional theory model based on the PC-SAFT free energy accurately predicted the interfacial tension.
A Non-Cope among the Cope Rearrangements of 1,3,4,6-Tetraphenylhexa-1,5-dienes (1999)

The set of 1,3,4,6-tetraphenylhexa-1,5-dienes (1) represents a perturbation of Cope's rearrangement by four radical-stabilizing phenyl groups all positioned to drive the transition region toward the homolytic−colligative end of the mechanistic spectrum. The appearance of (Z)-isomers being suppressed thermodynamically by a steric interaction of +2.6 kcal mol-1 per cis double bond, an equilibration that is stereochemically not of any Cope type, emerges as the predominant reaction. It is an interconversion of rac-(E,E)-1 and meso-(E,E)-1 (48:52; 77.3−115.3 °C) with the following values of the enthalpy, entropy, and volume of activation: ΔH⧧ = 30.7 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1, ΔS⧧ = +2.1 ± 0.4 cal mol-1 K-1, and ΔV⧧ = +13.5 ± 0.1 cm-3 mol-1, respectively. Structures have been established by X-ray crystallographic analysis; a possible relationship between dihedral angle and bond lengths in the styrene portions is proposed. The entropy of activation is incompatible with a chair or boat Cope rearrangement; the volume of activation is neither low enough for a pericyclic Cope (“concerted”) mechanism nor high enough for a homolytic−colligative mechanism involving full dissociation as the rate-determining step. Trapping and a crossover experiment give some but only partial support to the intermediacy of free radicals. At higher temperatures, however, electron spin resonance experiments demonstrate an equilibrium with kinetically free (E,E)-1,3-diphenylallyl radicals. These observations are rationalized in terms of geometric reorganization within the confines of a ‘cage'. Resolution by chiral chromatography of rac-(E,E)-1 allows recognition of a fast racemization (40−65 °C), of which ΔH⧧ (21.3 ± 0.1 kcal mol-1), ΔS⧧ (−13.2 ± 0.3 cal mol-1 K-1), and ΔV⧧ (−7.4 ± 0.4 cm-3 mol-1) are consistent with a pericyclic Cope rearrangement. Enriched (Z)-isomers undergo Cope rearrangements in accord with the known influence of axiality and the chair/boat alternative on the energy of the transition region.
A Microfluidic Electrocapture Device in Sample Preparation for Protein Analysis by MALDI Mass Spectrometry (2003)

The design and operation of a microfluidic device for sample preparation in MALDI mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins is described. It is particularly useful for proteomics applications and for mass determination of proteins in salt- and detergent-containing solutions. The system consists of a flow channel with two conductive areas or electrical junctions where proteins and peptides are retained by means of an electric field. The microfluidic device is made of PEEK tubing, and the junctions are covered with a conductive polymeric membrane. A syringe pump connected to the device produces a flow stream, and injection of sample is carried out manually via hydrodynamic pressure. Proteolytic peptides and intact proteins in salt- and detergent-containing acidic media were captured at the cathode junction followed by exchange of the original solution to a solvent suitable for subsequent mass spectrometry. Using this principle, a significant desalting effect was obtained for tryptic peptides in mass-mapping experiments. Protein sequence coverages were high (up to 40%) at subpicomole levels with results better than those obtained using reversed-phase solid-phase extraction. In contrast to the latter technique, the microfluidic device has the capacity to efficiently remove detergents such as CHAPS before peptide mapping and protein analysis.
Preliminary Shuttle Space Suit Shielding Model (2003)

There are two space suits in current usage within the space program: EMU [2] and Orlan-M Space Suit . The Shuttle space suit components are discussed elsewhere [2,5,6] and serve as a guide to development of the current model. The present model is somewhat simplified in details which are considered to be second order in their effects on exposures. A more systematic approach is ongoing on a part-by-part basis with the most important ones in terms of exposure contributions being addressed first with detailed studies of the relatively thin space suit fabric as the first example . Additional studies to validate the model of the head coverings (bubble, helmet, visors.. .) will be undertaken in the near future. The purpose of this paper is to present the details of the model as it is now and to examine its impact on estimates of astronaut health risks. In this respect, the nonuniform distribution of mass of the space suit provides increased shielding in some directions and some organs. These effects can be most important in terms of health risks and especially critical to evaluation of potential early radiation effects .
Musical Training Facilitates Exogenous Temporal Attention via Delta Phase Entrainment within a Sensorimotor Network (2023)

Temporal orienting of attention plays an important role in our day-to-day lives and can use timing information from exogenous or endogenous sources. Yet, it is unclear what neural mechanisms give rise to temporal attention, and it is debated whether both exogenous and endogenous forms of temporal attention share a common neural source. Here, older adult nonmusicians (<i>N</i> = 47, 24 female) were randomized to undergo 8 weeks of either rhythm training, which places demands on exogenous temporal attention, or word search training as a control. The goal was to assess (1) the neural basis of exogenous temporal attention and (2) whether training-induced improvements in exogenous temporal attention can transfer to enhanced endogenous temporal attention abilities, thereby providing support for a common neural mechanism of temporal attention. Before and after training, exogenous temporal attention was assessed using a rhythmic synchronization paradigm, whereas endogenous temporal attention was evaluated via a temporally cued visual discrimination task. Results showed that rhythm training improved performance on the exogenous temporal attention task, which was associated with increased intertrial coherence within the δ (1-4 Hz) band as assessed by EEG recordings. Source localization revealed increased δ-band intertrial coherence arose from a sensorimotor network, including premotor cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, and the inferior parietal lobule. Despite these improvements in exogenous temporal attention, such benefits were not transferred to endogenous attentional ability. These results support the notion that exogenous and endogenous temporal attention uses independent neural sources, with exogenous temporal attention relying on the precise timing of δ band oscillations within a sensorimotor network.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Allocating attention to specific points in time is known as temporal attention, and may arise from external (exogenous) or internal (endogenous) sources. Despite its importance to our daily lives, it is unclear how the brain gives rise to temporal attention and whether exogenous- or endogenous-based sources for temporal attention rely on shared brain regions. Here, we demonstrate that musical rhythm training improves exogenous temporal attention, which was associated with more consistent timing of neural activity in sensory and motor processing brain regions. However, these benefits did not extend to endogenous temporal attention, indicating that temporal attention relies on different brain regions depending on the source of timing information.
Crystallography-Induced Correlations in Pore Ordering of Anodic Alumina Films (2016)

A crystallographic approach to tailoring the morphology and ordering degree of the porous structure of alumina films obtained by anodization of single-crystalline aluminum is discussed. The examination of porous structure of anodic alumina films formed on low-index and vicinal planes of Al single crystals under self-ordering conditions by high-resolution small-angle X-ray scattering revealed the existence of two pore growth directions on vicinal facets. The inclination of channels from the normal to the metal surface is explained by the competitive impact of electromigration driving force and the crystallographic anisotropy of the substrate. It was also shown that pores growing in different directions during anodization retain hexagonal domains with various in-plane orientations. These results for the first time demonstrate the strong correlations between the longitudinal alignment and in-plane packing options of pores in anodic alumina films.
Sheath overlap during very large scale plasma source ion implantation (1998)

Measurements of plasma source ion implantation have been performed on a large target of complex geometry. The target consists of 1000 aluminum, automotive piston surrogates mounted on four racks; total surface area is over 16 m2. The four racks are positioned parallel to each other, 0.25 m apart, in an 8 m3 vacuum chamber. The racks of pistons are immersed in a capacitive radio frequency plasma, with an argon gas pressure of 20–65 mPa. Langmuir probe measurements indicate that the plasma density profile is highly nonuniform, due to particle losses to the racks of pistons. The plasma ions are implanted into the pistons by pulse biasing the workpiece to negative voltages as low as −18 kV for up to 20 μs. During the voltage pulse, the high-voltage sheaths from adjacent racks of pistons converge towards each other. At plasma densities less than 109 cm−3 the sheaths are observed to overlap. Measurements of the sheath overlap time are compared with standard analytic theory and with simulations run with a two-dimensional particle-in-cell code.
Viral RNA Genomes Identified from Marine Macroalgae and a Diatom (2020)

Protists provide insights into the diversity and function of RNA viruses in marine systems. Among them, marine macroalgae are good targets for RNA virome analyses because they have a sufficient biomass in nature. However, RNA viruses in macroalgae have not yet been examined in detail, and only partial genome sequences have been reported for the majority of RNA viruses. Therefore, to obtain further insights into the distribution and diversity of RNA viruses associated with marine protists, we herein examined RNA viruses in macroalgae and a diatom. We report the putative complete genome sequences of six novel RNA viruses from two marine macroalgae and one diatom holobiont. Four viruses were not classified into established viral genera or families. Furthermore, a virus classified into Totiviridae showed a genome structure that has not yet been reported in this family. These results suggest that a number of distinct RNA viruses are widespread in a broad range of protists.
Project Title: Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis of Potential Geothermal Resources in NE California, NW Nevada, and Southern Oregon: A Transition between Extension$-$Hosted and Volcanically$-$Hosted Geothermal Fields (2016)

Final report for the UCD-LBNL effort to apply Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis to a transition zone between a volcanically-hosted and extensionally-hosted geothermal. The project focusses on the geothermal resources in northeastern California.
Chemie und Biologie von Alkannin, Shikonin und verwandten Naphthazarin-Naturstoffen (1999)

Die wundheilenden Eigenschaften der Pflanzenextrakte, die die Naphthochinon-Naturstoffe Alkannin 1 und Shikonin 2 enthalten, sind seit vielen Jahrhunderten bekannt. Vor kurzem konnten die biologischen Wirkungen von 1, 2 und verwandten Verbindungen auch experimentell bestätigt werden, und ihre Herstellung aus Zellkulturen und über chemische Synthesen ist intensiv erforscht worden.
Prompt use of mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the MECCA study report (2017)

This study showed a survival benefit with LUCAS CPR as compared to manual CPR only, when the device was applied early on-site.
[The humoral and cellular factors of glomerular damage]. (1993)

The present review summarizes current concepts on glomerular non-inflammatory and inflammatory immune injury. Non-inflammatory glomerular injury can be ascribed to mechanisms involving antibody alone, terminal component of complement (C5b-9) or cytokines having as primary target the glomerular epithelial cells. These mechanisms induce changes in cell cytoskeleton and in surface distribution of adhesion molecules leading to functional alterations which may account for loss of glomerular permselectivity. Inflammatory glomerular injury is mediated by neutrophils, macrophages, platelets and lymphocytes as well as by resident glomerular cells. Cell derived mediators include proteases, reactive oxygen species, cationic proteins, cytokines and growth factors that may variably affect recruitment of inflammatory cells, proliferation of resident glomerular cells and production of extracellular matrix. These alterations may determine proteinuria, impairment of renal function and eventually progression of glomerular injury to sclerosis. The inflammatory type of glomerular injury is mainly initiated by subendothelial-mesangial immune deposits and/or activation of cell mediated immunity. The role of factors such as the nature, intensity and persistence of initiating mechanisms, the types of inflammatory cells involved and the response of intrinsic glomerular cells, in expression and progression of glomerular injury are discussed.
Clinical Outcome and Prognosis of Patients With Inflammatory Breast Cancer (2002)

This report analyzes clinical factors affecting outcome in 26 patients with inflammatory breast cancer. Peau d’orange was the most common clinical finding at diagnosis (65%). A palpable breast mass (PBM) was noted in 65% with axillary lymph node involvement in 81% of patients. Eighteen patients were staged as stage IIIB and eight as stage IV. Initial metastases included supraclavicular nodes (five of eight), bones (one of eight), skin (one of eight), and liver (one of eight). All patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil, 18 patients; other, 8 patients). Partial response was the best clinical response attained in 38% of patients. Only one patient was treated with total mastectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 19 patients received radiotherapy followed (2 patients) or not (17 patients) by mastectomy. The progression rate in stage IIIB patients was 78%, with distant sites of progression in 93% of patients and only 7% with local progression. Mean time-to-progression was 13 months (Kaplan-Meier estimates of 45% and 11% at 24 and 48 months, respectively). The median overall survival (OS) value of the entire population was 13.2 months (Kaplan-Meier estimates at 24 and 48 months of 21% and 12.5%). By Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, a better OS was correlated with stage IIIB (p = 0.002), a PBM at diagnosis (p = 0.01), and a favorable response to initial chemotherapy (p = 0.03). Our results confirm the better clinical outcome of patients with stage IIIB and PBM at diagnosis. They also support the role for combined treatment as the best modality approach for this disease. However, overall prognosis remained poor, with recurrence and death resulting from the disease.
Étalonnage géométrique d'un robot à six degrés de liberté (2003)

National audience
New Fluoro Derivatives of the Pyrazolo[5,1-<i>c</i>][1,2,4]benzotriazine 5-Oxide System: Evaluation of Fluorine Binding Properties in the Benzodiazepine Site on γ-Aminobutyrric Acid Type A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) Receptor. Design, Synthesis, Biological, and Molecular Modeling Investigation (2010)

In the search for potent ligands at the benzodiazepine site on the GABA(A) receptor, new fluoro derivatives of the pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine system were synthesized to evaluate the importance of the introduction of a fluorine atom in this system. Biological and pharmacological studies indicate that the substitution at position 8 with a trifluoromethyl group confers pharmacological activity due to potential metabolic stability in comparison to inactive 8-methyl substituted analogues. In particular, the compound 3-(2-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl)-8-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine 5-oxide (21) emerges because of its selective anxiolytic profile without side effects. An analysis of all the newly synthesized compounds in our pharmacophoric map confirms the essential interaction points for binding recognition and the important areas for affinity modulation. The fluorine atom was able to form a hydrogen bond interaction only when it is not in position 3.