gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface and interfacial FT–IR spectroscopic studies of latexes. VIII. The effect of particle and copolymer composition on surfactant exudation in styrene‐<i>n</i>‐butyl acrylate copolymer latex films (1993)

Abstract Polarized attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT–IR) spectroscopy was used to identify the mobility and surfactant exudation of sodium dioctyl sulfocuccinate (SDOSS) surfactant molecules to the film–air (F–A) and film–substrate (F–S) interfaces in styrene/ n ‐butyl acrylate (Sty/ n ‐BA) latex films. It was found that, depending upon the latex particle composition, the surfactant molecules could be driven to the F–A or F–S interfaces. The primary factors that governed the direction of exudation were the compatibility of the latex components, interfacial film‐substrate surface tension, and the chemical composition of the latex particles. Concentration, as well as orientation, of the hydrophilic SO Na + surfactant ends changed as a function of depth and the latex particle composition. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Nitric oxide/cGMP pathway stimulates phosphorylation of DARPP-32, a dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, in the substantia nigra. (1993)

DARPP-32, a dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M(r) 32,000, has been shown to be phosphorylated on threonine-34, both in vitro with high efficiency by cAMP-dependent and cGMP-dependent protein kinases and in vivo by dopamine acting through cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In the present study, we investigated the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway for its ability to regulate the state of phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in slices of rat substantia nigra. DARPP-32 was phosphorylated on threonine-34 in these slices by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor. The effect of SNP was abolished by preincubation of the slices with hemoglobin, indicating that the effect of SNP was due to released NO. The same concentration of SNP produced a 4-fold elevation of the cGMP level but did not alter the level of cAMP. The effect of SNP on DARPP-32 phosphorylation was mimicked by low concentrations of 8-bromo-cGMP and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, activators of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, but not by low concentrations of 8-bromo-cAMP, an activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The data indicate a physiological role for the NO/cGMP pathway in the regulation of DARPP-32 phosphorylation in nerve terminals of striatonigral neurons. The results provide further evidence that the state of phosphorylation of DARPP-32 represents an important mechanisms for integration of information arriving at striatonigral neurons via a variety of neuronal pathways.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis (2012)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines with little or no effect on normal cells. However, its effect is limited as some cancers including pancreatic cancer show de novo resistance to TRAIL induced apoptosis. In this study we report that GSK-3 inhibition using the pharmacologic agent AR-18, enhanced TRAIL sensitivity in a range of pancreatic and prostate cancer cell lines. This sensitization was found to be caspase-dependent, and both pharmacological and genetic knock-down of GSK-3 isoforms resulted in apoptotic features as shown by cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen intermediates and disturbance of mitochondrial membrane potential point to a mitochondrial amplification loop for TRAIL-induced apoptosis after GSK-3 inhibition. Consistent with this, overexpression of anti-apoptotic mitochondrial targets such as Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2 rescued PANC-1 and PPC-1 cells from TRAIL sensitization. However, overexpression of the caspase-8 inhibitor CrmA also inhibited the sensitizing effects of GSK-3 inhibitor, suggesting an additional role for GSK-3 that inhibits death receptor signaling. Acute treatment of mice bearing PANC-1 xenografts with a combination of AR-18 and TRAIL also resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis, as measured by caspase-3 cleavage. Sensitization to TRAIL occurred despite an increase in β-catenin due to GSK-3 inhibition, suggesting that the approach might be effective even in cancers with dysregulated β-catenin. These results suggest that GSK-3 inhibitors might be effectively combined with TRAIL for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Differential involvement of amygdala corticosteroid receptors in visceral hyperalgesia following acute or repeated stress (2011)

Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are exacerbated by stress. Previously, we demonstrated that the stress hormone corticosterone applied directly to the amygdala induced visceral hypersensitivity through the actions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). However, the involvement of amygdaloid GR and MR in the regulation of visceral sensitivity following psychological stress is unknown; therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine the relative importance of amygdaloid GR and MR in the regulation of visceral sensitivity in a rodent model of behavioral stress. Male F-344 rats were stereotaxically implanted with micropellets bilaterally on the dorsal margin of the amygdala containing the GR antagonist mifepristone, the MR antagonist spironolactone, or cholesterol as a control. Animals were then exposed to 1 h of water-avoidance stress (WAS) or sham stress for 1 day (acute) or 7 days (repeated). Visceral sensitivity was assessed either 1 h or 24 h after the final session of WAS and quantified as the number of contractions of the external abdominal oblique, a visceromotor response, in response to colorectal distension at pressures of 0-60 mmHg. Acute stress induced transient visceral hyperalgesia, which was absent 24 h after WAS and independent of GR and MR. Conversely, repeated WAS induced sustained visceral hyperalgesia that was abolished by specifically targeting the amygdala with GR and MR antagonists. These results demonstrate that the amygdala corticosteroid system plays an essential role in mediating the effects of repeated WAS on visceral sensitivity. Furthermore, our findings suggest that amygdaloid GR and MR may be involved in IBS symptomatology.
Recording and identification of cardiac neuron activity in the right atrium ganglionated plexus (2013)

Recent multichannel electrode array technology has enabled the simultaneous recording of multiple cardiac neurons located in ganglia on a beating heart. These new bioelectric signals are contaminated by the electrical activity of the atrial muscle just underneath. These atrial waveforms may mask relevant neuronal activity. In this paper, we evaluate the application of a principal component analysis technique to suppress atrial activity (AA) and reveal hidden neuronal activity. Neuronal signals were recorded in situ using a 16-channel electrode in an open-chest, anesthetized dog in sinus rhythm. Validation of AA cancellation was performed by comparing neuron spike waveforms extracted from within AA with those found in AA-free time intervals. Results showed that consistent neuronal waveforms can be identified within AA in order to improve the detection of neuron firings.
A Graph Database for a Virtualized Network Infrastructure (2018)

Modern communication networks are large, dynamic, complex, and increasingly use virtualized network infrastructure. To deploy, maintain, and troubleshoot such networks, it is essential to understand how network elements - such as servers, switches, virtual machines, and virtual network functions - are connected to one another, and to be able to discover communication paths between them. For network maintenance applications such as troubleshooting and service quality management, it is also essential to understand how connections change over time, and be able to pose time-travel queries to retrieve information about past network states. With the industry-wide move to Software Defined Networks and Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) [26][24], maintaining these inventory and topology databases becomes a critical issue.
NIR-emitting aza-BODIPY dyes – new building blocks for broad-range optical pH sensors (2015)

New aza-BODIPY indicators which cover the pH scale from 1.5 to 13 are presented. The new indicators feature absorption/emission bands in the red/near-infrared (NIR) spectral region, exhibit high molar absorption coefficients (∼ 80,000 M(-1) cm(-1)) and show good quantum yields (∼20%). All dyes represent promising building blocks for the development of a broad-range sensor for various pH ranges. Combination of four of these pH indicators yields a pH sensor with an extended dynamic range from pH 2 to 9.
Improving data cache performance by pre-executing instructions under a cache miss (1997)

In this paper we propose and evaluate a technique that improves first level data cache performance by pre-executing future instructions under a data cache miss. We show that these preexecuted instructions can generate highly accurate data prefetches, particularly when the first level cache is small. The technique is referred to as runahead processing. The hardware required to implement runahead is modest, because, when a miss occurs, it makes use of an otherwise idle resource, the execution logic. The principal hardware cost is an extra register file. To measure the impact of runahead, we simulated a processor executing five integer Spec95 benchmarks. Our results show that runahead was able to significantly reduce data cache CPI for four of the five benchmarks. We also compared runahead to a simple form of prefetching, sequential prefetching, which would seem to be suitable for scientific benchmarks. We confirm this by enlarging the scope of our experiments to include a scientific benchmark. However, we show that runahead was also able to outperform sequential prefetching on the scientific benchmark. We also conduct studies that demonstrate that runahead can generate many useful prefetches for lines that show little spatial locality with the misses that initiate runahead episodes. Finally, we discuss some further enhancements of our baseline nmahead prefetching scheme.
Pollution Monitoring of Puget Sound with Honey Bees (1985)

To show that honey bees are effective biological monitors of environmental contaminants over large geographic areas, beekeepers of Puget Sound, Washington, collected pollen and bees for chemical analysis. From these data, kriging maps of arsenic, cadmium, and fluoride were generated. Results, based on actual concentrations of contaminants in bee tissues, show that the greatest concentrations of contaminants occur close to Commencement Bay and that honey bees are effective as large-scale monitors.
Numerical solution of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations using density gradients as additional dependent variables (1977)

Numerical solution of two dimensional, time dependent, compressible viscous Navier-Stokes equations about arbitrary bodies was treated using density gradients as additional dependent variables. Thus, six dependent variables were computed with the SOR iteration method. Besides formulation for pressure gradient terms, a formulation for computing the body density was presented. To approximate the governing equations, an implicit finite difference method was employed. In computing the solution for the flow about a circular cylinder, a problem arose near the wall at both stagnation points. Thus, computations with various conditions were tried to examine the problem. Also, computations with and without formulations are compared. The flow variables were computed on 37 by 40 field first, then on an 81 by 40 field.
Building Large-Scale Deep Learning System for Entity Recognition in E-Commerce Search (2019)

Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) or Item Aspect Recognition task is fundamental to e-commerce marketplace. A structured listing (i.e. item aspect and catalog) is critical to the success of the marketplace - it helps the seller to put their listings to the right catalog and aspects so that the buyers can easily find the most relevant and accurate listings they are looking for. For e-commerce search engine, item aspects (brand, color, size, texture, etc.) should be automatically recognized from users' shopping queries in order to accurate understand their shopping intent. An accurate query and item aspect understanding helps to match seller's listing to buyer's purchase intend. However, in practice, this still remains challenge in e-commerce marketplace due to a couple reasons, e.g. the sparsity of the data - hundreds of millions of item aspect-name and aspect-value pairs (e.g. brand=Nike); noisy (low quality), not scalable but expensive label data that are obtained via human labeling \citeb12 effort; the lack of context in generally very short search queries; the disperse of context and dis-orderedness in listing title or descriptions, etc. among others. All those imposes a big challenge that affect the performance of aspect recognition for e-commerce practice. In this paper, we introduce an end-to-end machine learning system to build an effective aspect recognition system for search engine that leverages the generated label data from different legacy systems and effort, without any extra human-label effort (and thus no incurred cost). The framework is constructed with multiple machine learning components that are built to optimize the search relevance and conversion as an end goal. We show that the proposed aspect recognition machine learning system improved search results quality and relevance greatly compared to the existing already strong baseline system for e-commerce search.
Monitoring Medical Abortion Using Mifepristone/Misoprostol Combination with Ultrasonogram and Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (2006)

In this study, serum beta-HCG assays in addition to ultrasonographic evaluation helped to discriminate abortion status after oral MMC.
Neuropathic Arthropathy of the Foot with and without Superimposed Osteomyelitis: MR Imaging Characteristics (2006)

Sinus tract, replacement of soft-tissue fat, fluid collection, and extensive marrow abnormality are MR imaging features indicating superimposed infection. Thin rim enhancement of effusion, presence of subchondral cysts, or intraarticular bodies indicate absence of infection.
Regulation of murine natural killer cell commitment (2013)

Natural killer (NK) cells can derive from the same precursors as B and T cells, however, to achieve lineage specificity, several transcription factors need to be activated or annulled. While a few important transcription factors have been identified for NK genesis the mechanisms of how this is achieved is far from resolved. Adding to the complexity of this, NK cells are found and potentially develop in diverse locations in vivo and it remains to be addressed if a common NK cell precursor seeds diverse niches and how transcription factors may differentially regulate NK cell commitment in distinct microenvironments. Here we will summarize some recent findings in NK cell commitment and discuss how a NK cell transcriptional network might be organized, while addressing some misconceptions and anomalies along the way.
Role of IL-2 in Growth and Differentiation of Cytotoxic Cells (2018)

The role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) was essential in that no natural killer (NK) activity was measurable in control cultures without IL-2, even when supplemented with any of a variety of soluble factors. To analyze the possible role of IL-2 and other soluble factors in the generation of NK cells from their precursors, the authors have cultured Bone marrow cells with IL-2. Important aspect of regulation of the activity of NK cells is the role of different cytokines in the growth and differentiation of NK cells from nonlytic precursors. The observations suggest that the cytokines may represent maturational signals for the physiological regulation of NK cell development. The combination of IL-2 with other soluble factors may result in a significant augmentation of both cytotoxic cell generation and antitumor activity. To further analyze the role of IL-2 in the generation of NK cells from less mature precursors, the authors cultured fetal liver cells with rIL-2.
Aspirational Brand Choice and Underage Alcohol Use (2018)

Having an aspirational alcohol brand is both common and independently associated with subsequent underage alcohol use and misuse. Further studies examining how youth interact with and are affected by branded advertising are critical to guide development of effective education and policy interventions.
A Keyless Gossip Algorithm Providing Light-Weight Data Privacy for Prosumer Markets (2015)

We propose secure multi-party computation techniques for the distributed computation of the average using a privacy-preserving extension of gossip algorithms. While recently there has been mainly research on the side of gossip algorithms (GA) for data aggregation itself, to the best of our knowledge, the aforementioned research line does not take into consideration the privacy of the entities involved. More concretely, it is our objective to not reveal a node's private input value to any other node in the network, while still computing the average in a fully-decentralized fashion. Not revealing in our setting means that an attacker gains only minor advantage when guessing a node's private input value. We precisely quantify an attacker's advantage when guessing - as a mean for the level of data privacy leakage of a node's contribution. Our results show that by perturbing the input values of each participating node with pseudo-random noise with appropriate statistical properties (i) only a minor and configurable leakage of private information is revealed, by at the same time (ii) providing a good average approximation at each node. Our approach can be applied to a decentralized prosumer market, in which participants act as energy consumers or producers or both, referred to as prosumers.
Predominant expression of the long isoform of Bcl‐x (Bcl‐xL) in human lymphomas (1996)

Bcl‐x is a member of the bcl‐2 family of proteins which are characterized by their ability to modulate apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in two distinct bcl‐x mRNAs encoding a long isoform, bcl‐xL, which acts as a bcl‐2 agonist; and a short isoform, bcl‐xS, which inhibits bcl‐2 effects. The aim of the study was to determine whether bcl‐x is expressed in lymphoma tissues and to characterize the respective production of bcl‐xS and bcl‐xL. We investigated the expression of bcl‐x mRNA in a series of 50 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases using a RT‐PCR method in order to amplify both transcripts simultaneously, and to estimate their relative abundance. The rearrangements of the bcl‐2 gene were analysed by RT‐PCR expression of the hybrid bcl‐2 – IgH mRNA. In addition, 20 PCR‐positive NHL cases and three HD cases were analysed by immunohistochemistry using bcl‐x polyclonal antisera. RT‐PCR showed bcl‐x expression in 43/45 NHLs and 5/5 HD cases. The bcl‐xL transcript was predominant in all positive cases and was associated with variable amounts of bcl‐xS . There was no significant correlation between the profile of bcl‐xL/bcl‐xS expression and the histological and immunological subtyping. Bcl‐x immunodetection was positive in the neoplastic cell component in all analysed cases, but the degree of staining was highly variable between cases. Expression of the hybrid bcl‐2 – IgH gene was detected by RT‐PCR in five cases of follicular NHL and in one case of HD, but this group of tumours did not display a particular profile of bcl‐xL/bcl‐xS expression. We conclude that bcl‐x is commonly expressed by malignant cells in various types of malignant lymphomas, with a predominance of the bcl‐xL transcript. Since the corresponding bcl‐xL isoform can block the cell death machinery and potentialize bcl‐2 effects, it may be involved in some pathways of lymphomagenesis.
Compound Heterozygosity in a Family with Protein C Deficiency Illustrating the Complexity of the Underlying Molecular Mechanism (1993)

The association of two missense mutations, a Leu 223 to Phe and an Ile 403 to Met, is described in a family presenting with various protein C deficiency phenotypes. In this family, two subjects were compound heterozygotes with protein C levels of about 25%, the other members being heterozygous for only one of the mutations. The Leu 223 to Phe mutation was also found in 9 members of 3 other families and, in all cases but one, resulted in protein C levels below 60% associated with a high incidence of thrombotic complications. The other mutation, an Ile 403 to Met, was identified in those of the family' members who presented with borderline protein C concentrations. In such a family, the genomic DNA analysis represents the only way to differentiate between the genetic status of each family member. The results highlight the importance of the genotype determination and the poor discriminative power of the plasma assays currently used.
Drug Delivery Options for the Treatment of Ocular Inflammation (2010)

Treatments available for ocular inflammatory diseases and their associated complications have expanded significantly over the course of the last ten years. While corticosteroids are a mainstay of therapy for uveitis and macular edema, the methods of delivering corticosteroids have evolved. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide provides a local therapy for persistent cystoid macular edema (CME) and posterior uveitis. Other intravitreal therapies, such as bevacizumab and methotrexate, have also been used successfully in uveitic CME. Sustained release intravitreal implants, including the fluocinolone acetonide implant and the dexamethasone drug delivery system, offer an alternative therapy for chronic, recalcitrant posterior uveitis and CME. Their design was inspired by the ganciclovir implant, which prevented the progression of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients. Technological advances in drug delivery have supplied new treatments for patients with ocular inflammatory disease.
Three Dimensional Imaging of the Myocardium with Radionuclides (1977)

Transverse sections of the distribution of 129Cs and 201TI in the human myocardium were obtained using 36 and 72 views of the thorax with a large field of view Anger camera. The cardiac cycle was divided into 100-msec intervals to obtain motion images of an average cycle of the beating heart. At least 300,000 events must be detected for each cardiac phase of each section for quantitative work. Over 8 million events from the upper thorax must be accumulated in gated studies if three or more sections are obtained for 8 intervals of 100 msec to 150 msec.
Enantioselective CH Amination Using Cationic Ruthenium(II)–pybox Catalysts (2008)

The whole “pybox” and dice: Highly enantioselective amination reactions of both allylic and benzylic CH bonds are catalyzed by cationic ruthenium(II)–pybox complexes (see structure). A novel mode of stereocontrol, which is induced by the versatile pybox ligand, is proposed to account for the excellent enantioselectivity in these reactions. Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl, pybox=pyridine bisoxazoline.