gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Feasibility of the Windload Simulator as an Alternative to On-road Training (1990)

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the ability of a windload simulator reproduce the resistive forces faced by a cyclist during on-road training. The simulator consisted of a multivaned fan enclosed in a ported housing. The level of resistance could be augmented by increasing the port opening. The oxygen consumption (O2) of five healthy male subjects was measured under steady state condition at speeds of 16.1, 24.1 and 32.2 km per hour at three intake port openings (1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 open) for each speed. The results were compared to previously reported predicted and actual on-road oxygen consumption values. Two-way ANOVA showed that increaes in speed and opening elicited significant increases in VO2; and a singnificant interaction existed between speed and opening. Post hoc comparisons of O2 showed all speeds and openings to be different (p < 0.05). When compared with previously reported on-road values, the resistance settings on the windload simulator showed the ability to produce differing levels of O2 within the ranges of those encountered during on-road traning. The results indicate that the windload trainer can accurately reproduce resistive forces within the range of actual on-road training.
Terminologie relative à la conservation de la biodiversité in situ (2013)

Depuis quelques années, nous constatons des différences de signification ainsi qu’une certaine ambiguïté sémantique concernant divers termes liés au domaine de la conservation de la biodiversité in situ . Le sens de ces termes varie en fonction du domaine d’activité, du type d’organisation, voire des valeurs personnelles et culturelles. Force est de constater qu’au final, il en résulte parfois une incompréhension qui peut éventuellement compromettre l’atteinte des objectifs poursuivis. À partir d’une revue de littérature sur des termes tels que conservation , préservation , protection , etc., un groupe de spécialistes de divers horizons a élaboré un lexique composé de définitions relatives à la conservation in situ qui reflètent l’état de l’art dans le domaine. Ce lexique devrait permettre de recadrer et de préciser certains termes usuels et d’en arriver à un sens commun afin de mieux répondre aux impératifs de la conservation de la biodiversité.
Synthetic and mechanistic insight into nosylation of glycine residues (2013)

The Fukuyama-Mitsunobu alkylation procedure is widely used to introduce alkyl substituents to amino groups in general and N-alkylation of peptides in particular. Here we have investigated the procedure in detail for N-alkylation of peptides with N-terminal glycine residues, based on the observation that standard conditions lead to substantial bis-nosylation of the glycine amino group. A systematic evaluation of this observation was carried out and it was demonstrated that for peptides with alanine, β-alanine or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as N-terminal residues mono-nosylation was observed under the same conditions. Moreover, bis-nosylation was independent of the type of resin, neighboring amino acid and nature of the peptide. Calculations suggest that the reason for the bis-nosylation is the fact that the deprotonated mono-nosyl species is particularly stable in the case of the terminal Gly residue because the N(-) residue can become closer to the SO(2) unit. Finally, the mono-nosylated N-terminal glycine could be obtained by careful optimization of the procedure, adding only one equivalent of 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride.
DDB: Deadlock Debugger (2008)

Writing concurrent software is a challenging task proneto hard to debug errors such as deadlocks. Deadlocks arechallenging to debug because they may occur rarely, basedon a particular thread interleaving and are often hard oreven impossible to reproduce in a debugger. Moreover, oncethey happen, they can bring a large software system to anunexpected halt, requiring a whole system restart.We introduce DDB, a debugging environment capable ofdeterministically and eﬃciently replaying deadlocks in anylarge software system that uses pthreads. It does this with-out the need to modify the production software and incursa minimum overhead at runtime. DDB should work withsystems like Apache, MySQL, JDK and JBOSS..DDB’s core idea is to capture a lightweight trace at run-time and to shift all the complexity to the debugging pro-cess which is executed oﬄine and can take a longer time tocomplete. The second idea is to avoid capturing programinputs by mutating the execution in order to reproduce thedeadlock. Therefore, DDB captures only the synchroniza-tion trace of the application that can be subsequently usedto replay an equivalent execution inside a debugging envi-ronment.We believe that such a replay environment is highly de-sirable to the developer since most deadlocks are impossibleto reproduce unless the developer has remote access to thedeployed application. Even so, deadlocks might only occurin unreproduceble thread interleavings. The replay shouldbe able to oﬀer the debugger meaningful information thatimproves the time to produce a bug ﬁx.Furthermore, our approach is highly portable. The debug-ger might not be required to recreate the setup that causeda speciﬁc deadlock and, for instance, traces obtained on aFreeBSD system could be replayed on a completely diﬀerentLinux system.
Diagnosis and Management of Rocuronium-induced Perioperative Anaphylaxis (2021)

Introduction - Perioperative anaphylaxis is a hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after exposure to drugs used for anaesthesia during a surgical procedure. The most common triggers are neuromuscular blocking agents and antibiotics. Case report - A 71-old man, with a history of anaphylaxis during previous anaesthesia, was scheduled for elective coronary surgery. The clinical signs included skin rash, swelling of the upper part of the body with angioedema of the eyelids and lips, without bronchospasm. Based on the assumption that rocuronium was the most likely causative agent, percutaneous coronary intervention was performed during the same hospitalization. After recovery, he was sent for a prick skin test and intradermal test, where sensitivity to rocuronium and insensitivity to the anaesthetics used were determined. Two months later, he developed an acute myocardial infarction. Chronic total occlusive percutaneous coronary intervention was attempted, but without optimal results, so the patient was prepared for elective surgery. Due to potential further complications during anaesthesia, the medical team decided to send him for a skin allergy test for neuromuscular blocking agents. The only neuromuscular relaxant available was Cisatracurium, and it was tested for sensitivity by intradermal test. The intradermal test showed insensitivity to Cisatracurium and Suxamethonium chloride. Conclusion - Early recognition and management of anaphylaxis is based on clinical presentation. The diagnosis by in-vivo and in-vitro tests is useful to determine the cause of anaphylactic reaction and safe alternatives for future anaesthesia.
Bi-ventricular pacing improves pump function only with adequate myocardial perfusion in canine hearts with pseudo-left bundle branch block (2012)

Bi-ventricular (BiV) pacing is an effective therapy for the treatment of cardiac electromechanical (EM) dysfunction. The reason(s), however, for therapy non-response in approximately one-third of the subjects remains unclear, especially as it relates to myocardial perfusion and pacing location. In this study, we examined how acute BiV pacing response may be related to underlying myocardial perfusion coupled with pacing near or distant to the area of perfusion. In 10 open-chest anesthetized canines, coronary blood flow to the left ventricular (LV) anterior wall (AW: n = 5) and lateral wall (LW: n = 5) was controlled during four pacing conditions: right atrial, right ventricular (pseudo-left bundle branch block; [pseudo-LBBB]), BiV-LW and BiV-AW. Local EM function (piezo-electrical crystals and electrodes), along with global hemodynamic parameters, were measured during all pacing conditions at three coronary perfusion rates (≥0.40 mL/min/g, 0.20-0.40 mL/min/g and <0.20 mL/min/g). A positive BiV therapy response was assessed by a significant increase in the maximum cardiac output compared with the pseudo-LBBB condition. Despite no improvement in QRS duration, BiV-LW pacing improved LV function compared with the pseudo-LBBB pacing condition (P value <0.01). This improvement with BiV-LW pacing was seen above a certain myocardial perfusion threshold and was independent of any increases in regional coronary blood flow with BiV pacing. At lower myocardial perfusion rates, LV function was not improved with BiV pacing at any location. This study underscores the significance of even mild ischemia on BiV pacing response.
Internal shear layers and edges of uniform momentum zones in a turbulent pipe flow (2020)

Abstract
Evolution and control of the Late Messinian Nahr Menashe fluvial system, Northern Levant basin, Offshore Lebanon (2021)

International audience
Respiratory physiology and energy conservation efficiency of Campylobacter jejuni (1982)

A study of the electron transport chain of the human intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni revealed a rich complement of b- and c-type cytochromes. Two c-type cytochromes were partially purified: one, possibly an oxidase, bound carbon monoxide whereas the other, of high potential was unreactive with carbon monoxide. Respiratory activities determined with membrane vesicles were 50- to 100-fold higher with formate and hydrogen than with succinate, lactate, malate, or NADH as substrates. Evidence for three terminal respiratory components was obtained from respiratory kinetic studies employing cyanide, and the following Ki values for cyanide were determined from Dixon plots: ascorbate + reduced N,N,N', N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, K1 + 3.5 muM; malate, K1 = 55 muM; and hydrogen, K1 = 4.5 muM. Two oxidases (K1 = 90 muM, 4.5 mM) participated in the oxidation of succinate, lactate, and formate. Except with formate, 37 muM HQNO inhibited respiration by approximately 50%. Carbon monoxide had little inhibitory effect on respiration except under low oxygen tension (less than 10% air saturation). The stoichiometry of respiratory-driven proton translocation (H+/O) determined with whole cells was approximately 2 for all substrates examined except hydrogen (H+/) = 3.7) and formate (H+/O = 2.5). The higher stoichiometries observed with hydrogen and formate are consistent with their respective dehydrogenase being located on the periplasmic face of the cytoplasmic membrane. The results of this study suggest that the oxidation of hydrogen and formate probably serves as the major sources of energy for growth.
Comparison of the immunogenicity of Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant and cytokine-matured dendritic cells in a randomized controlled clinical trial of melanoma vaccines (2009)

3002 Background: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have been widely used in clinical trials to treat cancer. However, no study has compared the immunogenicity of the most commonly used DC type (cytokine-matured, monocyte-derived DCs) to more traditional vaccine adjuvants. We performed a randomized controlled trial comparing the immunogenicity of cytokine-matured DCs loaded with 6 HLA-A2-restricted peptide antigens and a foreign protein, KLH, to a vaccine containing the same antigens emulsified in the mineral oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 51 VG. Methods: 51 HLA-A2+ patients with resected stage IIb-IIIc melanoma were randomized to receive DCs (25 patients) or Montanide (26 patients). DCs were differentiated from autologous blood monocytes with IL-4 and GM-CSF, then matured with IL- 1β, IL-6, TNFα and PGE2. 18 million DCs were given i.d. every 4 weeks x 4, and immune responses analyzed (MHC multimers, T cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, antibodies). A 3-fold increase over baseline was considered a response. Results: Both vaccines were well tolerated. Immunogenicity was significantly greater with Montanide, as demonstrated by response rates to Flu, Melan-A and NY-ESO-1 peptides by IFNγ ELISPOT. Similar results were obtained by MHC multimer staining, with higher response rates seen using pre-sensitized assays. T cell proliferation to KLH was seen in both arms (90% DC, 100% Montanide), but the magnitude of response was significantly higher for Montanide (36-fold vs. 14-fold increase over baseline, p=0.002, Wilcoxon). KLH-specific CD4+ T cells that produced IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2 were seen only with Montanide, and all Montanide patients, but only 5% of DC patients, developed antibodies to KLH (p&lt;0.001, Fisher's). Conclusions: A water-in-oil vaccine adjuvant, Montanide ISA 51, was significantly more immunogenic than DCs. Future studies of new DC vaccines should compare DCs to standard adjuvants to determine if their added difficulty and expense are truly warranted. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
The effect of magnetic field on the inner Galactic rotation curve (2022)

In the past few decades, some studies pointed out that magnetic field might affect the rotation curves in galaxies. However, the impact is relatively small compared with the effects of dark matter and the baryonic components. In this letter, we revisit the impact of magnetic field on the rotation curve of our Galaxy. We show that the inner Galactic rotation curve could be affected significantly by the magnetic field. The addition of the inner bulge component, which has been proposed previously to account for the inner rotation curve data, is not necessary. The magnetic field contribution can fully account for the excess of the inner rotation velocity between 5 pc to 50 pc from the Galactic Centre. Our analysis can also constrain the azimuthal component of the central regular magnetic field strength to $B_0 \sim 50-60$ $μ$G, which is consistent with the observed range.
Comparison of maximum-likelihood image and wavefront reconstruction using conventional image, phase diversity, and lenslet diversity data (2006)

An image reconstruction approach is developed that makes joint use of image sequences produced by a conventional imaging channel and a Shack-Hartmann (lenslet) channel. Iterative maximization techniques are used to determine the reconstructed object that is most consistent with both the conventional and Shack-Hartmann raw pixel-level data. The algorithm is analogous to phase diversity, but with the wavefront diversity provided by a lenslet array rather than a simple defocus. The log-likelihood cost function is matched to the Poisson statistics of the signal and Gaussian statistics of the detector noise. Addition of a cost term that encourages the estimated object to agree with a priori knowledge of an ensemble averaged power spectrum regularizes the reconstruction. Techniques for modeling FPA sampling are developed that are convenient for performing both the forward simulation and the gradient calculations needed for the iterative maximization. The model is computationally efficient and accurately addresses all aspects of the Shack-Hartmann sensor, including subaperture cross-talk, FPA aliasing, and geometries in which the number of pixels across a subaperture is not an integer. The performance of this approach is compared with multi-frame blind deconvolution and phase diversity using simulations of image sequences produced by the visible band GEMINI sensor on the AMOS 1.6 meter telescope. It is demonstrated that wavefront information provided by the second channel improves image reconstruction by avoiding the wavefront ambiguities associated with multiframe blind deconvolution and to a lesser degree, phase diversity.
Muscle Logic: New Knowledge Resource for Anatomy Enables Comprehensive Searches of the Literature on the Feeding Muscles of Mammals (2016)

Our tests demonstrate that the MFMO is competent to answer queries formed in the common language of comparative anatomy, but PubMed and Google Scholar are not. Overall, our results show that by incorporating anatomical ontologies into searches, an expanded and anatomically comprehensive set of results can be obtained. The broader scientific and publishing communities should consider taking up the challenge of semantically enabled search capabilities.
HMS (2003)

Due to the emergence of SMS messages, the significance of effective text entry on limited-size keyboards has increased. In this paper, we describe and discuss a new method to enter text more efficiently using a mobile telephone keyboard. This method, which we called HMS, predicts words from a sequence of keystrokes using a dictionary and a function combining bigram frequencies and word length.
Application of the Base-catalyzed Halogen Dance (BCHD) Reaction to the Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Dimethylthienyl Disulfides (1993)

Abstract The first synthesis of the naturally occurring dimethylthienyl disulfides 1,2 and 3 is reported. As the key step a Base Catalyzed Halogen Dance reaction was applied.
Monolayers of Functionalized Oligothiophenes on Graphite—STM Investigation of the Influence of Intermolecular Interactions on the Epitaxy (1999)

Intermolecular interactions caused by substituents, van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, etc. need to be understood if the directed formation of supramolecular structures is to succeed. A study of the influence of intermolecular and substrate–molecule interactions on the epitaxy of monolayers of terminally mono- and disubstituted 3,3-dipentyl-α-quinquethiophenes such as that shown in the Figure is presented.
Quantitative analysis of star‐branched polymers by multidetector size‐exclusion chromatography (2002)

Abstract The object of this study is to develop multidetector size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) methods to determine the number of arms per molecule across the molecular size distribution of star‐branched polymers. An empirical fit between the intrinsic viscosity molecular contraction factor g ‘ and the number of arms f is used as an alternative to converting g ‘ values to root mean square radii ratios used by random walk models. The quantitative analysis of star polymer distributions by SEC is then reduced to understanding factors unique to the accurate measurement of g ‘ across the molecular size distribution. Two methods of analyzing SEC data are then tested: (1) the “conventional method” utilizing values of weight‐average molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity at each retention volume and (2) the method of component chromatograms. The latter is a new method useful when only a few different types of branching are present. It depends on fitting each detector's chromatograms as the sum of component chromatograms. Plotting the intrinsic viscosity of the branched polymer versus that of the linear polymer at the same molecular weight was useful for diagnosing problems. The conventional method was defeated by axial dispersion in the narrow chromatograms and the homogeneity of branching in the samples. The component chromatogram method avoids the axial dispersion problem but its value depends on how accurately the component peaks reflected the true situation. In this study, the method provided the most reasonable values when component peaks were grouped together. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 552–570, 2002
Mechanism of Low Frequency Idling Vibration in Rear-Wheel Drive Hybrid Vehicle Equipped with THS II (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Although idling vibration is usually caused by 1st order of engine combustion force, other engine forces also occur at frequencies lower than the 1st order of combustion (called low frequency idling vibration in this paper). The drive-line of the Toyota Hybrid System II (THS II) has different torsional vibration characteristics compared to a conventional gasoline engine vehicle with an automatic transmission. Nonlinear characteristics caused by the state of backlash of pinions and splines influence changes in the torsional resonance frequency. The torsional resonance frequency of the drive-line can be controlled utilizing the hybrid system controls of the THS II.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Parameter identification of piezoelectric bimorphs for dynamic applications considering strain and velocity dependent effects (2009)

Piezoelectric bimorph elements are commonly used in a wide area of applications, among them various actuator applications in textile machines, applications in sensing like medical tissue identification, or the use in energy harvesting systems. Especially the last field may create a mass market for piezoelectric elements. Due to their easy use and low resonance frequency, bimorphs seem to fit energy harvesting demands quite well. To get the best possible power output, the element has to be designed as good as possible to fit the environmental excitation characteristics as excitation frequency and amplitude. Due to the need of a good understanding of the resulting system, a model based approach is desirable for the design of the used bimorphs. This is the case not only in Energy Harvesting systems but in most of the mentioned applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Alcohols. Part 31. Stereoselective C‐C Bond Formation Using Chiral Z‐Pentenylboronates. (1989)

Abstract Addition of benzaldehyde (II) to the boronate (I) proceeds with complete transfer of chirality to give the syn‐E‐homoallyl alcohol (III).
Supplementary Figure-2 from Novel Evidence for Curcumin and Boswellic Acid–Induced Chemoprevention through Regulation of miR-34a and miR-27a in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure-2. Curcumin and AKBA exert cytotoxicity and suppress colony formation on CRC cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Integrated TE-TM mode converter on Y-cut Z-propagating LiNbO/sub 3/ with an electrooptic phase matching for coherence multiplexing (1989)

The use of an integrated TE-TM mode converter as a coherence multiplexer is described. The component is based on a buried waveguide obtained by proton exchange and postannealing. The electrode structure consists of three electrodes. Two are used to achieve TE-TM conversion, and the third is used to perform phase matching to ensure a high conversion efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multi-Sync Video/Data Projector (1989)

NEC has developed the Multi-Sync Video/Data Projector which responds to growing requirements for large screen display. The NEC Multi-Sync System is capable of handling signals from various sources such as Personal Computers,HDTV,and other video generating equipment. Therefore, this Video Projector is so designed to automatically lock to horizontal frequencies from 15kHz to 36kHz and vertical frequencies from 38Hz to 100Hz. The NEC Digital Convergence System is the culmination of numerous technologies implemented in this projector. With this combined technology the convergence can be adjust with super accuracy by using 117 (13H*9V points) independent fine tunable adjusting points on a screen. The NEC Automatic Convergence System has also been developed which adjusts convergence automatically within 5 minutes with an accuracy of 0.3 line of scanning lines.
Effects of strontium substitution on bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (2015)

Effect of strontium (Sr) substitution on bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (HA) was investigated. The substitution of Sr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> for Ca <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> in the HA lattice increases biodegradability of Sr-substituted HA (Sr-HA) and accelerates the formation of apatite crystals on the Sr-HA surface. Moreover, the dissolution products from HA and Sr-HA samples are not cyto-toxic.