gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accommodation measurements in prepresbyopic and presbyopic populations (2005)

Ostrin and Glasser1 demonstrate 5 approaches to measuring accommodation in 31 normal subjects. However, 1 fundamental accommodation physiological issue, particularly relative to the accuracy of measurements and the validity of the data, seems to have been overlooked. McBrien and Millodot2 are among the few who first indicated the close relationship between the amplitude of accommodation and the refractive error of subjects. It has been shown that in the absence of visual stimulation, accommodation adopts an intermediate resting position known as tonic accommodation, which varies widely from 0 to 4 diopters in individuals.3 There are significant differences in the tonic accommodation between refractive groups, with hyperopes having the highest dioptric value and late-onset myopes having the lowest.3 The intersubject variations in terms of the “dark focus” level of accommodation between refractive groups were postulated to be the result of dual autonomic innervation of ciliary muscles.2,4 If a sophisticated measurement of accommodation is to be made, inattention to the refractive status of the subjects will definitely affect the accommodative response gradient and the amplitude of accommodation measured.4 In addition to a lack of unified tonic accommodation levels, refractive groups exhibit a disparity in accommodation relaxation. Both hyperopes and late-onset myopes took significantly longer to relax accommodation after visual stimulation.4,5 In other words, in hyperopic and late-onset myopic subjects participating in successive measurements of accommodation with methods similar to those in the present study, adequate relaxation time between the consecutive exercises is of utmost importance since only complete relaxation of accommodation to the tonic state can ensure consistent, meaningful, and valid measurements. Ostrin and Glasser did not provide stratification of the premeasurement refractive status of all 31 subjects. Nor was there information regarding a standardized rest period between successive measurements for accommodation by the methods under study. In the interest of readers, we are eager to learn more from the authors with respect to these concerns. David T.L. Liu MRCS Charmaine Hon FRCS Dennis S.C. Lam MD, FRCOphth Wai-Man Chan MRCP, FRCS Hong Kong, China
The influence of crystal orientation on surface passivation in multi-crystalline silicon (2013)

We present an approach to study the variation of the surface recombination velocity in multi-crystalline silicon wafers through photoluminescence imaging for thin, passivated and mirror polished wafers. The influence of crystal orientation on surface passivation is investigated for various passivating films, including silicon nitride and aluminum oxide. Our results show that the influence of surface orientation is negligible in well passivated multi-crystalline silicon wafers due to the detrimental effects of crystal defects. Our study on hydrogenated samples suggests that aluminum oxide passivation exhibits a similar surface dependence as native oxide passivation. A slight and different surface dependence is observed in one of the silicon nitride films used in the study.
A rare case of corneal keloid occurred 30 years after pterygium surgery and 3 years after cataract surgery (2020)

This rare case of corneal keloid occurred as a late complication of pterygium surgery.
Evaluation of low-complexity visual feature detectors and descriptors (2013)

Several visual feature extraction algorithms have recently appeared in the literature, with the goal of reducing the computational complexity of state-of-the-art solutions (e.g., SIFT and SURF). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of these emerging visual descriptors in terms of processing time, repeatability and matching accuracy, and whether they can obtain competitive performance in applications such as image retrieval. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date detailed, clear, and complete evaluation of local feature detector and descriptors, focusing on the methods that were designed with complexity constraints, providing a much needed reference for researchers in this field. Our results demonstrate that recent feature extraction algorithms, e.g., BRISK and ORB, have competitive performance requiring much lower complexity and can be efficiently used in low-power devices.
Light-trapping nano-structures in organic photovoltaic cells (2011)

We review nano-structures used as light trapping schemes in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Light management via nano-structures enables one to exploit sub-diffraction limit properties, thereby giving access to enhanced light absorption in OPV cells. Light trapping schemes have been demonstrated in the form of surface plasmons, anti-reflection coatings, and photonic crystal patterns. Versatile methods are now available to facilitate fabrication of such nano-structures on sufficiently large areas for OPV applications.
Inhibition of an extracellular matrix protein increases survival in orthotopic nude mouse models (2007)

Ham, Christine M. MD; Erler, Janine T. PhD; Giaccia, Amato J. PhD; Longaker, Micheal T. MD, MBA, FACS; Yang, George P. MD, PhD, FACS Author Information
Fluoride in Dental Products: Safety Considerations (1987)

This review summarizes the nature of acute fluoride toxicity, its time-course, and the fluoride doses that are involved. The generally accepted "certainly lethal dose" range for 70 kg adults, i.e., from 5 to 10 g of sodium fluoride or from 32 to 64 mg fluoride/kg, is discussed. Based on recent case reports of fluoride-induced fatalities, it is concluded that this dose range has little utility in cases involving young children. The concept of a "probably toxic dose" (PTD) is advanced. The PTD, 5.0 mg F/kg, is defined as the dose of ingested fluoride that should trigger immediate therapeutic intervention and hospitalization because of the likelihood of serious toxic consequences. The concentrations and quantities of fluoride in selected dental products are discussed in relation to the PTD. It is concluded that, as these products are currently packaged, most of them contain quantities of fluoride sufficient to exceed the PTD for young children. Recommendations are made to reduce the risk of toxicity associated with their use.
Neural Network-Based Trajectory Optimization for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2012)

A neural network approximation to direct trajectory optimization methods is presented. The method uses neural networks to approximate the dynamics and objective equations integrated over a given time interval. The trajectory is then built recursively and treated as a nonlinear programming problem. The method is compared to a direct collocation method as well as more recent pseudospectral methods and shows competitive results while being computationally faster. In addition, a neural network provides a continuously dierentiable function approximation which may be advantageous when a discontinuous objective function is used in a nonlinear solver. A surveillance trajectory planning problem for an unmanned aerial vehicle is given as an example application and results are presented for all three methods.
Purpose of the Conference (2012)

The overall aim of the Transatlantic Airway Conference, held on an annual basis, is to review recent advances in research directed at various aspects of airway biology. Each conference is expected to meet the following three principal objectives. First, it is given the task of summarizing our current understanding of fundamental mechanisms underlying a well-focused aspect of airway biology. Second, the conference should assemble a multidisciplinary group of scientists from within and outside the pulmonary research community. Finally, the conference should encourage the exchange of ideas among investigators representing different countries. We believe that the twenty-seventh conference on Lung Injury and Repair has successfully addressed these aims. Under the experienced and emotive guidance of Geoffrey Laurent, chairman of the meeting, participants have not only identified recent advances in our understanding of how dysregulated deposition and mobilization of matrix proteins such as collagen and elastin contribute to the pathogenesis of different lung diseases, but also identified new questions to be answered by future investigations. The scientific papers included in this symposium report formed the basis of those productive discussions. We would like to thank the following participants: Gary Anderson, Harold Chapman, Rachel Chambers, Bruno Crestani, Oliver Eickelberg, Boris Hinz, Cory Hogaboam, Sam Janes, Gisli Jenkins, Darryl Knight, Geoffrey Laurent, Sem Phan, David Schwartz, Dean Sheppard, Andrew Tager, Carlo Vancheri, David Warburton.
Evaluating Sentence Compression: Pitfalls and Suggested Remedies (2011)

This work surveys existing evaluation methodologies for the task of sentence compression, identifies their shortcomings, and proposes alternatives. In particular, we examine the problems of evaluating paraphrastic compression and comparing the output of different models. We demonstrate that compression rate is a strong predictor of compression quality and that perceived improvement over other models is often a side effect of producing longer output. 1
Linea Aspera as Rotational Landmark for Tumor Endopostheses: A Computed Tomography Study. (2017)

This computed tomography study examined the reliability of the linea aspera as a rotational landmark in tumor endoprosthetic replacement by determining its cross-sectional location on the femur.
Photonic Nanostructures Patterned by Thermal Nanoimprint Directly into Organo‐Metal Halide Perovskites (2017)

Photonic nanostructures are created in organo-metal halide perovskites by thermal nanoimprint lithography at a temperature of 100 °C. The imprinted layers are significantly smoothened compared to the initially rough, polycrystalline layers and the impact of surface defects is substantially mitigated upon imprint. As a case study, 2D photonic crystals are shown to afford lasing with ultralow lasing thresholds at room temperature.
Investigation on the impact of pulse duration for laser induced lithotripsy (2014)

<strong>Objective:</strong> In-vitro investigation of Ho:YAG-laser induced stone fragmentation was performed to identify potential impacts of different pulse durations on stone fragmentation characteristics. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> An innovative Ho:YAG laser system (Swiss LaserClast, EMS S.A., Nyon, Switzerland) with selectable long- or short pulse mode was tested with regard to its fragmentation properties. The pulse duration depends on the specific laser parameter used. Fragmentation tests (hand held, hands free, single pulse induced crater) on artificial BEGO-Stones and fiber burn back tests were performed under reproducible experimental conditions. Additionally, the repulsion of long versus short laser pulses was compared using the pendulum set-up. <strong>Results:</strong> Differences in fragmentation rates between the two pulse duration regimes were seen. The difference was, however, not statistically significant. Using long pulse mode, the fiber burn back is nearly negligible while in short pulse mode an increased burn back was seen. The results of the pendulum test showed that the deviation induced by the momentum of shorter pulses is increased compared to longer pulses. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Long pulse-mode showed reduced side effects like repulsion and fiber burn back in comparison to short pulse-mode while fragmentation rates remained at a comparable level. Lower push back and reduced burn back of longer laser pulses may results in better clinical outcome of laser lithotripsy and more convenient handling during clinical use.
Modeling the Object Recognition Pathway: A Deep Hierarchical Model Using Gnostic Fields. (2015)

To recognize objects, the human visual system processes information through a network of hierarchically organized brain regions. Many neurocomputational models have modeled this hierarchical structure, but they have often used hand-crafted features to model early visual areas. According to the linear efficient coding hypothesis, the goal of the early visual pathway is to capture the statistical structure of sensory stimuli, removing redundancy, and factoring the input into independent features. In this work, we use a hierarchical Independent Components Analysis (ICA) algorithm to automatically learn the visual features that account for early visual cortex. We then continue modeling the object recognition pathway using Gnostic Fields, a theory for how the brain does object categorization, in which brain regions devoted to classifying mutually-exclusive categories exist near the top of sensory processing hierarchies. The whole biologically-inspired model not only allows us to develop representations similar to those in primary visual cortex, but also to perform well on standard computer vision object recognition benchmarks.
In-depth phenotypic characterization of multicellular tumor spheroids: Effects of 5-Fluorouracil (2017)

MultiCellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS), which mimic the 3-Dimensional (3D) organization of a tumor, are considered as better models than conventional cultures in 2-Dimensions (2D) to study cancer cell biology and to evaluate the response to chemotherapeutic drugs. A real time and quantitative follow-up of MCTS with simple and robust readouts to evaluate drug efficacy is still missing. Here, we evaluate the chemotherapeutic drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) response on the growth and integrity of MCTS two days after treatment of MCTS and for three colorectal carcinoma cell lines with different cohesive properties (HT29, HCT116 and SW480). We found different sensitivity to 5-FU for the three CRC cell lines, ranging from high (SW480), intermediate (HCT116) and low (HT29) and the same hierarchy of CRC cell lines sensitivity is conserved in 2D. We also evidence that 5-FU has a strong impact on spheroid cohesion, with the apparition of a number of single detaching cells from the spheroid in a 5-FU dose- and cell line-dependent manner. We propose an innovative methodology for the chemosensitivity evaluation in 3D MCTS that recapitulates and regionalizes the 5-FU-induced changes within MCTS over time. These robust phenotypic read-outs could be easily scalable for high-throughput drug screening that may include different types of cancer cells to take into account tumor heterogeneity and resistance to treatment.
Service Placement for Real-Time Applications: Rate-Adaptation and Load-Balancing at the Network Edge (2020)

Mobile Edge Computing may become a prevalent platform to support applications where mobile devices have limited compute, storage, energy and/or data privacy concerns. In this paper, we study the efficient provisioning and management of compute resources in the Edge-to-Cloud continuum for different types of real-time applications with timeliness requirements depending on application-level update rates and communication/compute delays. We begin by introducing a highly stylized network model allowing us to study the salient features of this problem including its sensitivity to compute vs. communication costs, application requirements, and traffic load variability. We then propose an online decentralized service placement algorithm, based on estimating network delays and adapting application update rates, which achieves high service availability. Our results exhibit how placement can be optimized and how a load-balancing strategy can achieve near-optimal service availability in large networks.
cDNA Cloning and Characterization of Sciellin, a LIM Domain Protein of the Keratinocyte Cornified Envelope (1998)

Sciellin is a precursor of the cornified envelopes of mammalian keratinizing tissues. We have cloned the cDNA encoding sciellin by screening a human keratinocyte expression library with a sciellin-specific monoclonal antibody. The composite cDNA of 2.35 kilobase pairs encodes a protein of 75.3 kDa with a pI of 10.09. The translated sequence has a central domain containing 16 repeats of 20 amino acids each that is rich in Gln and Lys residues, which are potential transglutaminase substrates, and a carboxyl domain, which contains a single LIM motif. Sciellin cDNA probes hybridize to bands of 3.4 and 4.4 kilobase pairs on Northern blots of cultured human keratinocyte RNA. The gene was mapped to human chromosome band 13q22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Radiation hybrid mapping demonstrated that sciellin is linked to the sequence tagged site marker WI-457 with a logarithm of the odds score of 7.77. In situ hybridization of human foreskin tissue sections demonstrated that sciellin is expressed in the stratum granulosum. Immunofluorescent staining with a polyclonal rabbit antibody made to a recombinant sciellin protein showed peripheral cytoplasmic localization in the upper cell layers of epidermis and in stratified squamous epithelia such as the oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina. Simple and columnar epithelia, with the exception of the amnion, showed no reaction.
Retrograde intramedullary nailing of open femoral shaft fractures (2012)

IV, case series.
The role of allyl ammonium salts in palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions towards the synthesis of spiro-fused heterocycles (2020)

There is a continuous need for designing new and improved synthetic methods aiming at minimizing reaction steps while increasing molecular complexity. In this respect, catalytic, one-pot cascade methodologies constitute an ideal tool for the construction of complex molecules with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Herein, we describe two general and efficient cascade procedures for the synthesis of spiro-fused heterocylces. This transformation combines selective nucleophilic substitution (S<sub>N</sub>2'), palladium-catalyzed Heck and C-H activation reactions in a cascade manner. The use of allylic ammonium salts and specific Pd catalysts are key to the success of the transformations. The synthetic utility of these methodologies is showcased by the preparation of 48 spiro-fused dihydrobenzofuranes and indolines including a variety of fluorinated derivatives.
Growth Trends and Management Implications for West Virginia's Red Spruce Forests (1998)

Abstract Growth trends determined from tree rings are reported for red spruce in three mature stands and three plantations in West Virginia. Annual growth rates in mature forests have stabilized after a period of decline that began around 1960 and lasted for 20-25 yr. Annual growth rates in plantations established between 1935 and 1942 show a gradual decline that can be reversed by thinning. Growth rates and stand basal areas suggest that red spruce forests in West Virginia are healthy and can be highly productive. Management options for expanding the area of red spruce forests include harvesting to encourage or release regeneration, and establishment by planting. North. J. Appl. For. 15(4):197-202.
Poly(styrene‐<i>co</i>‐maleic anhydride) ionomers as nucleating agent on the crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2014)

ABSTRACT Poly(styrene‐ co ‐maleic anhydride) (SMA) ionomers were synthesized and designed as a new kind of nucleation agent according to the crystallization theory for improving the crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The crystallization behavior of PET with the addition of nucleation agents was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized‐light microscope, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Avrami equation and Hoffman–Lauritzen theory are adopted for analyzing isothermal and non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics, respectively. The results show that the addition of 1 wt % SMA ionomers effectively accelerates the crystallization rate and reduces the fold surface free energy of PET at high temperature regions. PLM results also indicated that the crystals impinge on each other, thus decreasing the spherulite size for PET/SMA ionomers samples compared with PET. XRD measurement revealed that the introduction of SMA ionomers does not change the crystal structure but indeed accelerates the crystallinity of PET. The results clearly demonstrate that our synthesized SMA ionomers are an efficient nucleating agent for PET. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41240.
Palladium complex–potassium carbonate-catalysed reductive carbonylation of mono- and di-nitroaromatic compounds (1994)

Mono- and di-nitroaromatic compounds react with carbon monoxide in benzene containing methanol, with catalytic quantities of 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propanepalladium dichloride and potassium carbonate as the base, to give urethans in reasonable yields.
Monitoring Contractile Cardiomyocytes via Impedance Using Multipurpose Thin Film Ruthenium Oxide Electrodes (2021)

A ruthenium oxide (RuOx) electrode was used to monitor contractile events of human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) through electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Using RuOx electrodes presents an advantage over standard thin film Pt electrodes because the RuOx electrodes can also be used as electrochemical sensor for pH, O<sub>2</sub>, and nitric oxide, providing multisensory functionality with the same electrode. First, the EIS signal was validated in an optically transparent well-plate setup using Pt wire electrodes. This way, visual data could be recorded simultaneously. Frequency analyses of both EIS and the visual data revealed almost identical frequency components. This suggests both the EIS and visual data captured the similar events of the beating of (an area of) hPSC-CMs. Similar EIS measurement was then performed using the RuOx electrode, which yielded comparable signal and periodicity. This mode of operation adds to the versatility of the RuOx electrode's use in in vitro studies.
Projet READY, une approche multidisciplinaire dans l'élaboration d'un outil d'aide au diagnostic de la dyslexie (2008)

National audience
On the Per-Sample Capacity of Nondispersive Optical Fibers (2011)

The capacity of the channel defined by the stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which includes the effects of the Kerr nonlinearity and amplified spontaneous emission noise, is considered in the case of zero dispersion. In the absence of dispersion, this channel behaves as a collection of parallel per-sample channels. The conditional probability density function of the nonlinear per-sample channels is derived using both a sum-product and a Fokker-Planck differential equation approach. It is shown that, for a fixed noise power, the per-sample capacity grows unboundedly with input signal. The channel can be partitioned into amplitude and phase subchannels, and it is shown that the contribution to the total capacity of the phase channel declines for large input powers. It is found that a 2-D distribution with a half-Gaussian profile on the amplitude and uniform phase provides a lower bound for the zero-dispersion optical fiber channel, which is simple and asymptotically capacity-achieving at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). A lower bound on the capacity is also derived in the medium-SNR region. The exact capacity subject to peak and average power constraints is numerically quantified using dense multiple ring modulation formats. The differential model underlying the zero-dispersion channel is reduced to an algebraic model, which is more tractable for digital communication studies, and, in particular, it provides a relation between the zero-dispersion optical channel and a 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output Rician fading channel. It appears that the structure of the capacity-achieving input distribution resembles that of the Rician fading channel, i.e., it is discrete in amplitude with a finite number of mass points, while continuous and uniform in phase.