gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Leukotactin-1 and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α on Neutrophils Mediated by CCR1 (1999)

Abstract The human CC chemokine leukotactin-1 (Lkn-1) is both a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes and a potent agonist for CCR1 and CCR3. However, human neutrophils do not migrate when the cells are stimulated with other human CC chemokines, such as human macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (hMIP-1α) and eotaxin, which also use the CCR1 and CCR3 as their receptors. In this report, we demonstrate that while hMIP-1α induced a negligible level of calcium flux and chemotaxis, Lkn-1 produced a high level of calcium flux and chemotaxis in human neutrophils. Lkn-1 cross-desensitized hMIP-1α-induced calcium flux, but hMIP-1α had little effect on the Lkn-1-induced response in human neutrophils. The same pattern was observed in peritoneal neutrophils from wild-type mice, whereas neutrophils from CCR1−/− mice failed to respond to either MIP-1α or Lkn-1. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of receptor for both hMIP-1α and Lkn-1 on human neutrophils with dissociation constants (Kd) of 3.2 nM and 1.1 nM, respectively. We conclude that CCR1 is a receptor mediating responses to both MIP-1α and Lkn-1 on neutrophils and produces different biological responses depending on the ligand bound.
Regulation of jejunal sodium and water absorption by angiotensin subtype receptors (1998)

The purpose of this study was to determine the precise role of angiotensin subtype-1 (AT1) and -2 (AT2) receptors and the mechanisms by which they act to alter fluid transport in the rat jejunum. In rats on normal sodium intake, ANG II at low dose stimulated net jejunal fluid absorption, whereas at a high dose the peptide inhibited absorption. Low-dose ANG II-stimulated fluid absorption was blocked completely by the specific AT2 receptor antagonist PD-123319 (PD) but was unchanged by the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (Los). The AT2 receptor agonist CGP-42112A, caused an inversely dose-dependent increase in fluid absorption, which also was totally prevented by PD but was unaltered by Los. Conversely, high-dose ANG II inhibition of absorption was blocked by Los but not by PD. In animals receiving normal sodium intake, neither Los nor PD alone altered fluid absorption. In sodium-restricted animals, however, Los alone increased absorption and PD alone inhibited absorption. In rats on normal sodium intake, low-dose ANG II increased jejunal interstitial and luminal (loop) fluid concentrations of cGMP. These increases in cGMP were blocked with PD but not with Los. 8-Bromoguanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate administered via the mesenteric artery or the submucosal interstitial space markedly increased absorption, but it inhibited absorption when administered into the loop. High-dose ANG II decreased jejunal interstitial and loop fluid cAMP and increased PGE2. The increase in PGE2 was blocked by Los but not by PD. The data demonstrate that ANG II mediates jejunal sodium and water absorption by an action at the AT2 receptor involving cGMP formation. The data also show that ANG II inhibits absorption via the AT1 receptor by a mechanism that is both negatively coupled to cAMP and increases jejunal PGE2 production.
[Electrophysiological tests in a case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy]. (2010)

Hashimoto's encephalopathy is regarded as an autoimmune disorder that appears in patients with anti thyroid antibodies. The thyroid function tests of the patients are not necessarily abnormal, which sometimes makes the diagnosis difficult. Since most of the patients show consciousness disturbance, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive function decline, Hashimoto's encephalopathy must be distinguished from other disorders showing dementia. We performed the electrophysiological tests on a 38 year old woman with Hashimoto's encephalopathy. Event-related potentials showed impaired cognitive function, and somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials showed abnormalities of central nervous system. Although the steroid pulse therapy with the following oral prednisolone treatment resulted in the remission of symptoms, results of electrophysiological tests remained unimproved. Thus the disease course of the patient should carefully be monitored, and the clinical importance of these tests in Hashimoto's encephalopathy may be further considered.
Structural transition and anisotropic properties of single-crystalline<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>SrFe</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>As</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2008)

Platelike single crystals of ${\text{SrFe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ as large as $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}0.5\text{ }{\text{mm}}^{3}$ have been grown out of Sn flux. The ${\text{SrFe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ single crystals show a structural phase transition from a high-temperature tetragonal phase to a low-temperature orthorhombic phase at ${T}_{o}=198\text{ }\text{K}$, and do not show any sign of superconductivity down to 1.8 K. The structural transition is accompanied by an anomaly in the electrical resistivity, Hall resistivity, specific heat, and the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility. In an intermediate temperature range from 198 to 160 K, single-crystal x-ray diffraction suggests a coexistence of the high-temperature tetragonal and the low-temperature orthorhombic phases.
Raised serum uric acid is associated with higher bone mineral density in a cross-sectional study of a healthy Indian population (2018)

We conclude that raised UA levels are associated with higher BMD at all skeletal sites and UA may have a protective role in bone metabolism owing to its antioxidant effect.
New Perspectives for Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Impact of Molecular Imaging by FISHseq Diagnostics (2022)

FISHseq improves PVE diagnostics, complementing conventional cultural methods. In addition to species identification, FISH provides information about the severity of PVE and state of the pathogens (eg, stage of biofilm formation, activity, and localization on and within the prosthetic material). As a molecular imaging technique, FISHseq enables the unambiguous discrimination of skin flora as contaminant or infectious agent.
Using Client Puzzles to Mitigate Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in the Tor Anonymous Routing Environment (2007)

A novel client puzzle protocol, the memoryless puzzle protocol (MPP), is proposed and investigated. The goal is to show that MPP is a viable solution for mitigating distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks in an anonymous routing environment. One such environment, Tor, provides anonymity for interactive Internet services. However, Tor relies on the transport layer security (TLS) protocol, making it vulnerable to distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Although client puzzles are often proposed as a solution to denial-of-service attacks, this research is the first to explore TLS DDoS attack mitigation in the Tor anonymous routing environment. Using the MPP, the central processing unit (CPU) utilization and user-data latency measures are analyzed under four increasing DDoS attack intensities and four different puzzle probability distribution levels. For results, typical CPU utilization rates of 80-100% drop to below 70% signifying successful mitigation. Furthermore, even if a client only has a 30% chance of receiving a puzzle or the maximum puzzle strength is used, MPP effectively mitigates attacks. Finally, user-data latency decreases approximately 50% under large-scale attacks. Hence, the MPP is a suitable solution for increasing the robustness and reliability of Tor.
Structural Basis and Biological Consequences for JNK2/3 Isoform Selective Aminopyrazoles (2015)

Three JNK isoforms, JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3 have been reported and unique biological function has been ascribed to each. It is unknown if selective inhibition of these isoforms would confer therapeutic or safety benefit. To probe JNK isoform function we designed JNK2/3 inhibitors that have >30-fold selectivity over JNK1. Utilizing site-directed mutagenesis and x-ray crystallography we identified L144 in JNK3 as a key residue for selectivity. To test whether JNK2/3 selective inhibitors protect human dopaminergic neurons against neurotoxin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, we monitored reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The results showed that JNK2/3 selective inhibitors protected against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced ROS generation and MMP depolarization. These results suggest that it was possible to develop JNK2/3 selective inhibitors and that residues in hydrophobic pocket I were responsible for selectivity. Moreover, the findings also suggest that inhibition of JNK2/3 likely contributed to protecting mitochondrial function and prevented ultimate cell death.
The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, MS-275 (Entinostat), Downregulates c-FLIP, Sensitizes Osteosarcoma Cells to FasL, and Induces the Regression of Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases (2013)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275, on the Fas signaling pathway and susceptibility of osteosarcoma (OS) to Fas ligand (FasL)-induced cell death. OS metastasizes almost exclusively to the lungs. We have shown that Fas expression in OS cells is inversely correlated with their metastatic potential. Fas(+) cells are rapidly eliminated when they enter the lungs via interaction with FasL, which is constitutively expressed in the lungs. Fas(-) OS cells escape this FasL-induced apoptosis and survive in the lung microenvironment. Moreover, upregulation of Fas in established OS lung metastases results in tumor regression. Therefore, agents that upregulate Fas expression or activate the Fas signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential. Treatment of Fas(-) metastatic OS cell lines with 2 µM MS-275 sensitized cells to FasL-induced cell death in vitro. We found that MS-275 did not alter the expression of Fas on the cell surface; rather it resulted in the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein, c-FLIP (cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein), by inhibiting c-FLIP mRNA. Downregulation of c- FLIP correlated with caspase activation and apoptosis induction. Treatment of nu/nu-mice with established OS lung metastases with oral MS-275 resulted in tumor regression, increased apoptosis and a significant inhibition of c-FLIP expression in tumors. Histopathological examination of mice showed no evidence of significant toxicity. Overall, these results suggest that the mechanism by which MS-275 sensitizes OS cells and lung metastases to FasL-induced cell death may be by a direct reduction in the expression of c-FLIP.
Botulinum toxin for the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis. New observations. (1993)

Potential advantages of intramuscular botulinum toxin for the treatment of spasticity include the lack of sensory effects, ability to target specific muscle groups, ability to weaken muscles in a graded fashion and absence of caustic chemicals such as phenol. We describe the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of severe lower extremity spasticity in two subjects with multiple sclerosis. Both subjects showed an improvement in spasticity, as measured by the modified Ashworth scale, and in functional status. Both subjects exhibited reductions in muscle tone not only in injected muscles, but also in noninjected muscles in the region. These more distant clinical effects have not been emphasized in previous studies after therapeutic injections of botulinum toxin. Further research is needed to clarify the cause and prevalence of these regional motor effects, as well as to further examine the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin for spasticity treatment.
Field validation of biocontrol strategies to control brown rot on stone fruit in several European countries (2021)

These novel findings allowed the formulation of CPA-8 and Pf909 as valuable tools for farmers to produce stone fruits more competitively and meet consumer demand for safer and more environmentally friendly products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Parallelizing Sequential Programs with Statistical Accuracy Tests (2013)

We present QuickStep, a novel system for parallelizing sequential programs. Unlike standard parallelizing compilers (which are designed to preserve the semantics of the original sequential computation), QuickStep is instead designed to generate (potentially nondeterministic) parallel programs that produce acceptably accurate results acceptably often. The freedom to generate parallel programs whose output may differ (within statistical accuracy bounds) from the output of the sequential program enables a dramatic simplification of the compiler, a dramatic increase in the range of applications that it can parallelize, and a significant expansion in the range of parallel programs that it can legally generate. Results from our benchmark set of applications show that QuickStep can automatically generate acceptably accurate and efficient parallel programs---the automatically generated parallel versions of five of our six benchmark applications run between 5.0 and 7.8 times faster on eight cores than the original sequential versions. These applications and parallelizations contain features (such as the use of modern object-oriented programming constructs or desirable parallelizations with infrequent but acceptable data races) that place them inherently beyond the reach of standard approaches.
Prioritizing the Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries (2017)

Severe early childhood caries remains the most common chronic disease affecting children. The multifactorial etiology of caries has established a controversy about which risk factors were more significant to its development. Therefore, our study aimed through meticulous statistical analysis to arrange the "well agreed upon" common risk factors in order of significance, to aid the clinician in tailoring an adequate preventive program. The study prioritized or reshuffled the risk factors contributing to severe early childhood caries and placed them in the order of their significance as follows: snacking of sugary food several times a day, increased number of siblings to three or more, night feeding, child self-employed brushing, mother's caries experience, two siblings, on demand feeding, once/day sugary food, sharing utensils, one sibling, male gender, father's education, late first dental visit, brushing time, mother's education, no dental visit, decreased brushing frequency, and no night brushing.
Directional nickel-induced fielded aided lateral crystallization of amorphous silicon (2003)

For application to active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs), a low temperature (&amp;lt;900 K) process for the production of polycrystalline silicon is required to permit the use of inexpensive glass substrates. This would allow the integration of drive electronics onto the display panel. Current low temperature processes include excimer laser annealing and solid phase crystallization, both of which are currently unsuitable for the fabrication of low cost, large area devices. The addition of small amounts of metal (e.g., Ni) to the amorphous silicon has been shown to significantly reduce the solid phase crystallization temperature. The rate of this solid phase metal induced crystallization can also be increased as a result of the presence of an electric field. The work presented here reports directional crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films during heat treatment in the presence of an electric field. Models are proposed for metal induced crystallization with and without an applied electric field in which a reaction between Ni and Si to produce NiSi is the rate-limiting step. The crystallization rate is increased through the application of an electric field that leads to the drift of Ni ions to the growth front. The model and experimental data reveal that the crystallization rate increases exponentially with temperature and linearly with electric field strength.
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM conference on Emerging network experiment and technology (2005)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 1st International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies - CoNext'05. This new conference aims to become a major forum in the area of future networking by bringing together - under the umbrella of the Network of Excellence.CoNEXT has its roots in the highly successful international workshops QoFIS, NGC, MIPS and ICQT. QoFIS and NGC were initiated by two European COST Actions, namely COST263 on Quality of Future Internet Services and COST264 on Networked Group Communications. MIPS resulted from merging IDMS (concentrated on interactive and distributed multimedia services) and PROMS (focusing on protocols for networked multimedia systems). Furthermore, ICQT (Internet Charging and QoS Technology) has also been associated to this new event.CoNext will constitute a major opportunity for the presentation of research results and of experience reports on leading edge issues of networking, including models and systems, applications and theory. The mission of the conference is to share novel innovative solutions for heterogeneous networks and architectures and to identify new directions for future research and development. CoNext will give a new support to share proposals and solutions in the various aspects of networking.The call for papers attracted 110 submissions from Asia, America, Europe, and Africa. The program committee accepted 21 papers that cover a large variety of important topics. It also includes two panels, and is completed by a student workshop, also including a panel.
Parallel computing strategies for determining viral capsid structure by cryoelectron microscopy (1998)

To calculate a full 3D structural model of a virus capsid, researchers analyzed cryoelectron micrographs that contain many randomly oriented images of the views. The authors use parallel computing techniques to improve the performance of the computational algorithms that determine each particle's orientation and generate the 3D model. This enhanced computational performance allows analysis of many more particles and a more precise determination of their orientations, letting researchers study important details of virus capsids at higher resolutions.
Overactive bone morphogenetic protein signaling in heterotopic ossification and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2012)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important extracellular cytokines that play critical roles in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. BMPs signal via transmembrane type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular Smad effector proteins. BMP signaling is precisely regulated and perturbation of BMP signaling is connected to multiple diseases, including musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress in elucidation of BMP signal transduction, how overactive BMP signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and discuss possible therapeutic strategies for treatment of these diseases.
Temperature dependence of On-state characteristics, and Switching characteristics of 5 kV class 4H-SiC SEJFET (2005)

A normally-off type 5kV class 4H-SiC JFET with low specific on-resistance, called SEJFET (Static Expansion channel JFET), has been fabricated. Its normally-off operation is realized at the temperature from RT to 600K. A very fast switching time of the 4H-SiC SEJFET are realized. The turn-on time at RT is 20ns and the turn-off time at RT is 47ns. In this SEJFET, temperature dependences of the output characteristics and transfer characteristics are evaluated. Its specific on-resistance has a large positive temperature dependence, and its transconductance has a large negative temperature dependence.
Optimistic bandit convex optimization (2016)

We introduce the general and powerful scheme of predicting information re-use in optimization algorithms. This allows us to devise a computationally efficient algorithm for bandit convex optimization with new state-of-the-art guarantees for both Lipschitz loss functions and loss functions with Lipschitz gradients. This is the first algorithm admitting both a polynomial time complexity and a regret that is polynomial in the dimension of the action space that improves upon the original regret bound for Lipschitz loss functions, achieving a regret of $\widetilde O(T^{11/16}d^{3/8})$. Our algorithm further improves upon the best existing polynomial-in-dimension bound (both computationally and in terms of regret) for loss functions with Lipschitz gradients, achieving a regret of $\widetilde O(T^{8/13} d^{5/3})$.
Target maneuver models for tracking estimators (2005)

This paper addresses the enhancement of maneuvering target, tracking for homing missiles by using a priori knowledge about the target inotion. Orthogonality between the target acceleration and velocity vector is assumed, and a new stochastic target, model is proposed where the orthogonality is embedded. Along with the new acceleration model, the orthogonality is also enforced by the addition of a fictitious auxiliary measurement. The modified gain extended Kalman filter(MGEKF) is used as a filtering technique to estimate the target states. The numerical simulation for the two-dimensional case indicates that the proposed target model with the MGEKF leads to remarkable estimation of the target states, and that, in comparison with the angle-only measurement case, the incorporation of fictitious measurement improves the estimation.
A UPnP Compliant PVR Appliance with ' Long-Tail' Internet-TV Functionality (2006)

The design and implementation of a networked PVR appliance incorporating support for Internet-TV is described. The appliance incorporates BitTorrent support and employs user tools for content location, management and scheduling which encourage background downloading of content and it is particularly suited for "long-tail" content distribution applications.
A Three-Layered Coil Arrangement for Sodium Imaging of the Human Brain at 9.4T (2014)

Dual tuned coils, often used for X-nuclei imaging, compromise coil performance at both frequencies. Moreover, to acquire proton reference image covering the whole brain at 400 MHz, conventional dual tuned birdcage cannot be used due to wavelength effects. A combination of three coil arrays was developed to maximize the receive sensitivity at the sodium frequency and to provide proton signal covering the whole brain for anatomical localization and B0 off-resonance correction.
Effects of service quality on perceptions of the professional consultation role of outpatient pharmacists (2010)

Pharmacists are increasingly active, lending credence to their role as professional consultants. Thus, the performance of pharmacists as professional consultants is important for physicians (internal customer) and patients (external customer). We adopt a patient perspective, and measures patient satisfaction with the service of an outpatient pharmacist. This study focuses on differing perceptions of patients and physicians regarding the professional consultation role of outpatient pharmacists. Particularly, a scenario-based experimental design was selected to manipulate functional and technical quality.