gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robotic Plaster Spraying: Crafting Surfaces with Adaptive Thin-Layer Printing (2021)

Embedded in a long tradition of craftsmanship, inside or outside building surfaces, is often treated with plaster, which plays both functional and ornamental roles. Today, plasterwork is predominantly produced through rationalized, time-, and cost-efficient processes, used for standardized building elements. These processes have also gained interest in the construction robotics field, and while such approaches target the direct automation of standardized plasterwork, they estrange themselves from the inherent qualities of this malleable material that are well known from the past. This research investigates the design potentials of robotic plaster spraying, proposing an adaptive, thin-layer vertical printing method for plasterwork that aims to introduce a digital craft through additive manufacturing. The presented work is an explorative study of a digitally controlled process that can be applied to broaden the design possibilities for the surfaces of building structures. It involves the spraying of multiple thin layers of plaster onto a vertical surface to create volumetric formations or patterns, without the use of any formwork or support structures. This article describes the experimental setup and the initial results of the data collection method involving systematic studies with physical testing, allowing to develop means to predict and visualize the complex-to-simulate material behavior, which might eventually enable to design with the plasticity of this material in a digital design tool.
Creation And Healing Of Vascular Lesions Produced By A Mid-Infrared Laser (1989)

Pulses of laser light in the 2 micron range should ablate tissue in a manner similar to the 10.6 micron CO<sub>2</sub> laser with the added advantage of efficient transmission through flexible quartz fibers. We performed an evaluation of a pulsed 2.15 micron laser system with regard to the laser&apos;s potential for atherosclerotic vascular applications. In vitro, we lasered fresh human calcific atherosclerosis. Approximately 10 pulses of the THC:YAG at 900 mJ/pulse penetrated a 5 mm thick plaque and caused approximately 80 micron depth of thermal damage. For the in vivo testing, fourteen rabbits underwent aortotomy and backwall exposure to 5 pulses of the THC:YAG laser at 450 millijoules per pulse in order to evaluate the thrombogenic and healing potential of 2.15 micron lasered vessel walls. At time of sacrifice, all aortas were patent. Immediately after treatment, a 60-80 micron deep area of dessicated tissue surrounded the lasered crater. A 40 micron thick thrombi covered the damaged tissue. Healing of the lasered tissue consisted of neovascularization and fibroblast ingrowth from the periphery as well as endothelial cell ingrowth from the surrounding intima. Our results indicate that the pulsed 2.15 micron THC:YAG system deserves further consideration for angioplasty applications.
Uptake of the glycosphingolipid sulfatide in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas in vivo and in isolated islets of Langerhans. (2006)

Our study supports a selective uptake and/or preservation of sulfatide in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and with emphasises on pancreatic sulfatide uptake, i.p. administration results in sulfatide at relevant location.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF LITHIUM-BEARING MUSCOVITE-2M1 (2001)

Crystal-structure refinements were done on Li-bearing muscovite-2 M 1 crystals from microgranite and granitic pegmatite rocks in order to characterize their crystal chemistry and their relationships with muscovite and trioctahedral lithium-containing micas. In addition to the substitution mechanism [6] Li + [6] Al 3+ −1 [4] Al 3+ −2 [4] Si 4+ 2 , Li-bearing muscovite shows additional substitutions, such as mechanism [6] Li + [6] Fe 2+ [6] Al 3+ −1 [6] □ −1 , indicating that the structure deviates from ideal dioctahedral character. Single-crystal X-ray-diffraction data were collected for five crystals in space group C 2/ c ; the agreement factor, R obs , varies between 0.033 and 0.042. The mean tetrahedral cation–oxygen atom distances range from 1.637 to 1.646 A and from 1.629 to 1.647 A for T 1 and T 2 sites, respectively. Variation in T –O> distances is associated with the Li + /(Li + + Al 3+ ) ratio, octahedral M 2 site expansion (9.30 ≤ volume M2 ≤ 9.90 A 3 ) and reduction in size of the M 1 site. Moreover, as the Li + /(Li + + Al 3+ ) ratio increases, the silicate ring becomes less distorted (5.9 ≤ α ≤ 11.4°), the basal oxygen-atom planes become less corrugated (0.147 ≤ Δ z ≤ 0.232 A), and the interlayer separation narrows (3.337 ≤ interlayer separation ≤ 3.422 A).
Chiral Sulfoxides as Neutral Coordinate‐Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Allylation of N‐Acylhydrazones Using Allyltrichlorosilanes. (2003)

Sulfoxides were first introduced to the allylation of &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-acylhydrazones with allyltrichlorosilanes as effective neutral coordinate-organocatalysts (NCOs). Both high diastereo- and enantioselectivity were attained when optically active chiral sulfoxides were used. Asymmetric crotylations using (&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;)- and (&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;)-crotyltrichlorosilanes showed a high level of stereospecificity (&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt; → anti and &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt; → syn) with high enantioselectivity.
2009 Understanding of developmental dynamics by quantitative and computational analysis (2009)

時空間的に動的な多細胞生物の発生を理解するためには、現象の定量化、数理モデル化、モデルの挙動と現象との比較による数理モデルの改良、による定量・計算解析が重要である。本発表では、我々のこれまでの線虫Caenorhabditis elegans胚を主な対象とした定量・計算解析を概説し、本研究領域の将来を展望する。
Alkyl-Capped Block Copolymer Surfactants for Remediation of Soil Water Repellency and Heterogeneous Rootzone Moisture (2008)

Soil water repellency (SWR) leads to nonwettable soils, heterogeneous rootzone moisture, reduced irrigation efficiency, leaching due to preferential flow, localized dry spots, and deterioration of turfgrass quality. Nonionic hydroxyl-terminated methyl oxirane-oxirane (EO/PO triblock copolymers) copolymers are commonly employed to remediate SWR. To determine if molecular modification influenced remediation performance, C1-C4 alkyl ethers of methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymers were produced through etherification of hydroxyl-terminated methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymers. ACA 1820, an alkyl ether of methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer (MW approximately 2500) (applied monthly at 1.9 kg ha−1) reduced SWR and maintained quality at higher levels (p=0.05) for longer periods than the hydroxyl-terminated methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer or the control. Turf density in plots treated with the alkyl ether of methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer was three-fold greater than the control and two-fold greater than in plots treated with the hydroxyl-terminated methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer. Rootzone moisture was more homogeneous in plots treated with ACA1820 than other treatments. Differences in visual turf quality were observed for up to nine months after the last application of the alkyl ether of methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer. The observed effects are proposed to be due to interfacial interactions of the alkyl caps both in solution and at hydrophobic soil surfaces.
Relationship of the metabolic syndrome to carotid ultrasound traits (2006)

This is the first study of the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and two distinct carotid ultrasound traits measured in the same individuals. The results suggest that standard intima media thickness measurement shows a more consistent and stronger association with the metabolic syndrome than does total plaque volume.
A Hybrid Centrifuge Rotor for Continuous Bioprocessing (1995)

Abstract All existing centrifuges have a resolving power that is proportional to their centrifugal field, G = ω 2 R , raised to the first power. By combining conventional sedimentation with field‐flow fractionation in a two‐dimensional separation system, it is possible to devise a continuous rotor whose selectivity is proportional to the second power of its centrifugal field. This extraordinary result suggests that a hybrid rotor could fractionate submicrometer solutes to high purity at high process capacity. However, a number of obstacles, in particular the stability of the carrier flow and the solute path lines, may hinder development of this rotor. This paper describes the principles underlying the design and operation of a hybrid rotor, as well as some of the problems that will have to be resolved before this technology can be reduced to practice.
Two molecular pathways to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. (1994)

Noninvasive transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder can have two distinct morphologies suggesting they contain different genetic alterations. Papillary transitional cell carcinomas (T(a) tumors) are often multifocal and only occasionally progress, whereas flat tumors (carcinomas in situ, CIS), frequently progress to invasive disease. We examined 216 bladder tumors of various stages and histopathologies for two genetic alterations previously described to be of importance in bladder tumorigenesis. Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9 was observed in 24 of 70 (34%) T(a) tumors but was present in only 3 of 24 (12%) CIS and dysplasia lesions (P = 0.04). In contrast, only 1 of 36 (3%) T(a) tumors contained a p53 gene mutation compared to 15 of 23 (65%) CIS and dysplasias (P < 0.001), a frequency comparable to that observed in muscle invasive tumors (25 of 49; 51%). The presence of p53 mutations in CIS and dysplasia could explain their propensities to progress since these mutations are known to destabilize the genome. Analysis of several tumor pairs involving a CIS and an invasive cancer provided evidence that the chromosome 9 alteration may in some cases be involved in the progression of CIS to more invasive tumors, in addition to its role in the initiation of T(a) tumors. However, the CIS and secondary tumor were found to contain different genetic alterations in some patients suggesting divergent progression pathways. Bladder carcinogenesis may therefore proceed through two distinct genetic alteration pathways responsible for generating superficial tumors with differing morphologies and pathologies.
Metal-free defluorinative arylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes <i>via</i> photoredox catalysis (2019)

Literature methods to access gem-difluoroalkenes are largely limited to harsh, organometallic-based methods, and known photoredox-mediated processes are not amenable to aryl radical addition to trifluoromethyl alkenes. A metal-free, functional group-tolerant method for the preparation of benzylic gem-difluoroalkenes is described. Halogen atom abstraction from (hetero)aryl halides generates aryl radicals that undergo a defluorinative arylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes, tolerating electronically disparate aryl radicals and α-trifluoromethyl alkenes.
Combination of violet light irradiation and collagenase treatments in a rabbit model of keratoconus (2023)

VL irradiation did not cause regression of corneal steepening in a collagenase-induced model during short-term observation.
Nanoscale Resonance Energy Transfer-based Devices for Probabilistic Computing (2015)

Despite the theoretical advances in probabilistic computing, a fundamental mismatch persists between the deterministic hardware that traditional computers use and the stochastic nature of probabilistic algorithms. In this article, the authors propose Resonance Energy Transfer (RET) between chromophores as an enabling technology for probabilistic computing functional units. As a natural continuous-time Markov chain, RET networks can physically implement efficient samplers with arbitrary probability distributions and have great potential for accelerating probabilistic algorithms.
Electro-plasmonics: Dynamical plasmonic circuits with minimized parasitic scattering (2008)

We demonstrate that enhanced electro-optical effect in plasmonic microstructures is accompanied by dramatically reduced parasitic scattering of surface waves. Analytical description of relevant physics and implications for creation of high-performance dynamical plasmonic circuits are discussed.
Investigation of wool protein heterogeneity using two‐dimensional electrophoresis with immobilised pH gradients (1996)

The heterogeneity of intermediate filament proteins (IFP) from wool has been investigated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with immobilised pH gradients in the first dimension. The charge heterogeneity has been confirmed with some of the IFP separated as a string of spots with similar molecular weight, but markedly different in isoelectric point (pI). The molecular weight and pI distribution of the string of IFP changed after treatment with alkaline phosphatase, indicating that some of the heterogeneity is caused by phosphorylation.
Characteristics of toxicity occurrence patterns in concurrent chemoradiotherapy after induction chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis based on individual patient data of CALGB/Alliance trials (2022)

The report provides a better understanding regarding the toxicity occurrence patterns in concurrent chemoradiotherapy after induction chemotherapy.
Pathogenesis of haemophilic arthropathy (2006)

The pathogenetic mechanism of haemophilic arthropathy is multifactorial and includes degenerative cartilage-mediated and inflammatory synovium-mediated components. Intra-articular blood first has a direct effect on cartilage, as a result of the iron-catalysed formation of destructive oxygen metabolites (resulting in chondrocyte apoptosis), and subsequently affects the synovium, in addition to haemosiderin-induced synovial triggering. Both processes occur in parallel, and while they influence each other they probably do not depend on each other. This concept resembles degenerative joint damage as found in osteoarthritis as well as inflammatory processes in rheumatoid arthritis. These processes finally result in a fibrotic and destroyed joint.
Dynamics of protein noise can distinguish between alternate sources of gene‐expression variability (2012)

Within individual cells, two molecular processes have been implicated as sources of noise in gene expression: (i) Poisson fluctuations in mRNA abundance arising from random birth and death of individual mRNA transcripts or (ii) promoter fluctuations arising from stochastic promoter transitions between different transcriptional states. Steady-state measurements of variance in protein levels are insufficient to discriminate between these two mechanisms, and mRNA single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) is challenging when cellular mRNA concentrations are high. Here, we present a perturbation method that discriminates mRNA birth/death fluctuations from promoter fluctuations by measuring transient changes in protein variance and that can operate in the regime of high molecular numbers. Conceptually, the method exploits the fact that transcriptional blockage results in more rapid increases in protein variability when mRNA birth/death fluctuations dominate over promoter fluctuations. We experimentally demonstrate the utility of this perturbation approach in the HIV-1 model system. Our results support promoter fluctuations as the primary noise source in HIV-1 expression. This study illustrates a relatively simple method that complements mRNA smFISH hybridization and can be used with existing GFP-tagged libraries to include or exclude alternate sources of noise in gene expression.
Beyond Words: How Humans Communicate Through Sound (2015)

Every day we communicate using complex linguistic and musical systems, yet these modern systems are the product of a much more ancient relationship with sound. When we speak, we communicate not only with the words we choose, but also with the patterns of sound we create and the movements that create them. From the natural rhythms of speech, to the precise timing characteristics of a consonant, these patterns guide our daily communication. By examining the principles of information processing that are common to speech and music, we peel back the layers to reveal the biological foundations of human communication through sound. Further, we consider how the brain's response to sound is shaped by experience, such as musical expertise, and implications for the treatment of communication disorders.
<i>KEAP1/NFE2L2</i> mutations to predict local recurrence after radiotherapy but not surgery in localized non-small cell lung cancer. (2020)

9012 Background: Tumor genotyping in localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not broadly performed due to lack of actionable associations of mutations with treatment or outcome. We sought to identify recurrent mutations in localized NSCLC that are associated with local recurrence (LR) after radiotherapy (RT) or surgery. Methods: We identified consecutive patients with NSCLC treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) or surgery from 2009-2018 at our institution with stage IA1-IIIC NSCLC who had genotyping performed on tumor tissue using a targeted gene panel. Our primary objective was to identify somatic tumor mutations that predicted LR after RT but not surgery. We also performed functional screening assays by expressing open reading frame constructs harboring patient-derived mutations in knock-out cell lines generated by CRISPR-Cas9 and evaluating effects on in vitro radioresistance. Results: We identified 232 consecutive patients with localized NSCLC (87.1% adenocarcinoma, 10.3% squamous, 2.3% other) who received tumor biopsy or resection specimen and underwent tumor genotyping. 47 patients with locally advanced NSCLC received CRT, 50 patients with early stage NSCLC received SABR, and 135 patients with early stage NSCLC underwent surgical resection. Of all recurrent mutations ( &gt; 5% mutation frequency), only mutations in Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ( KEAP1) or Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 ( NFE2L2) genes (K/N MUT ) were significantly associated with LR after CRT or SABR, with 2-year LR in the combined RT cohort of 42.4% for K/N MUT versus 12.5% for wildtype (P = 0.005). Furthermore, K/N MUT were present in nearly half of all LR events. Strikingly, there was no significant difference in LR for K/N MUT tumors following CRT versus SABR (P = 0.47). Local recurrence was rare for patients who received surgery (n = 2) and was not associated with K/N mutation status (P = 0.60). Functional evaluation by expression of K/N mutations in knock-out cell lines revealed that LR only occurred in patients with mutations that induced radioresistance (i.e. pathogenic) but not passenger mutations (P = 0.04). In contrast to genotyping, NFE2L2 target gene expression analysis via RNA-seq did not predict LR (P = 0.93). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations are a predictive biomarker of clinical radioresistance and a dominant cause of LR after RT. Genotyping for KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations could therefore facilitate treatment personalization in localized NSCLC.
Synthesis and structural characterizations of new 12- and 13-vertex metallacarboranes based on supraicosahedral frameworks (1998)

Three new metallacarboranes, closo-1-(η-C5H5)Co-2-(NC)-2,3-C2B10H11, 1, nido-2-(η-C5H5)Fe-8-(CH3OC(O))-6,7,8,9-C4B7H11, 2, and arachno-2-(η-C5H5)Co-8-(CH3OC(O))-7,8,9,10-C4B7H12, 3, having cage structures derived from supraicosahedral frameworks, have been produced from metal-insertion reactions of the arachno-8-(NC)-7,8-C2B10H−14 and arachno-8-(CH3OC(O))-7,8,9,10-C4B8H−12 anions. A structural determination of 1 showed it adopts a distorted closo-docosahedral geometry similar to those previously reported for isoelectronic 13-vertex metallacarboranes. Structural determinations of 2 and 3 showed that they both have open frameworks with that of 2 based on a docosahedron missing one vertex, and that of 3 based on a bicapped hexagonal antiprism missing two vertices.
Improving datacenter performance and robustness with multipath TCP (2011)

The latest large-scale data centers offer higher aggregate bandwidth and robustness by creating multiple paths in the core of the net- work. To utilize this bandwidth requires different flows take different paths, which poses a challenge. In short, a single-path transport seems ill-suited to such networks. We propose using Multipath TCP as a replacement for TCP in such data centers, as it can effectively and seamlessly use available bandwidth, giving improved throughput and better fairness on many topologies. We investigate what causes these benefits, teasing apart the contribution of each of the mechanisms used by MPTCP. Using MPTCP lets us rethink data center networks, with a different mindset as to the relationship between transport protocols, rout- ing and topology. MPTCP enables topologies that single path TCP cannot utilize. As a proof-of-concept, we present a dual-homed variant of the FatTree topology. With MPTCP, this outperforms FatTree for a wide range of workloads, but costs the same. In existing data centers, MPTCP is readily deployable leveraging widely deployed technologies such as ECMP. We have run MPTCP on Amazon EC2 and found that it outperforms TCP by a factor of three when there is path diversity. But the biggest benefits will come when data centers are designed for multipath transports.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION OF ARYLGLYOXALS AND HETEROAROMATIC ALDEHYDES USING PYRIDONA (1982)

Abstract Die Aroylmethylhalogenide (I) setzen sich in Gegenwart von Pyridona (II) in die entsprechenden Arylglyoxale (III) um, die als Hydrate isoliert und charakterisiert werden.
<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Is Downregulated by Diphosphomevalonate:  An Antimicrobial Target (2004)

The toll that Streptococcus pneumoniae exacts on the welfare of humanity is enormous. This organism claims the lives of approximately 3700 people daily, the majority of whom are children below the age of 5, and the situation could worsen due to the increasing incidence of pernicious, multiple-antibiotic-resistant strains. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a new allosteric site, shown to be absent in humans, that can be used to switch off an essential pathway in S. pneumoniae, the mevalonate pathway. Diphosphomevalonate (DPM), an intermediate in the pathway, binds with high affinity (K(d) = 530 nM) to mevalonate kinase, the first enzyme in the pathway, and inactivates it. Steady-state and equilibrium binding measurements reveal that DPM binding is noncompetitive versus substrates. DPM binds at an allosteric site, and inhibition cannot be overcome by an increasing substrate concentration. The DPM-binding site is a promising target for the development of new antimicrobial agents.
Development of ceramic fibers for high-energy laser applications (2011)

Polycrystalline ceramics offer a number of advantages relative to single crystal materials such as lower processing temperatures, improved mechanical properties, and higher doping levels with more uniform distribution of dopants for improved laser performance. Ceramic YAG (Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>) and rare earth sesquioxide (RE<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) fibers promise to enable a number of high power laser devices via high thermal conductivity and higher allowable dopant concentration; however, these materials are not currently available as fine diameter optical-quality fibers. Powder processing approaches for laser quality polycrystalline ceramic fibers are in development at AFRL. Current processing techniques will be reviewed. The effects of a number of processing variables on the resulting fibers as well as preliminary optical characterization will also be presented.