gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calibration of the USP 3 (Reciprocating Cylinder) Dissolution Apparatus (1997)

hi s article describes in de tail the procedure for ca libratin g the USP 3 (rcciprocni ng cylind er) dissolution apparatus. Included ;lrc the assay m ethods, calculations, and c rite ri a for passing calibration . Also includ ed :l\"C POSSIble ca uses for calibration failure, as well as suggesti o ns to l11:1k c the process more effi cient.
A 0.1–9-GHz Frequency Synthesizer for Avionic SDR Applications in 0.13-μm CMOS Technology (2021)

This article describes a design for a frequency synthesizer architecture based on a phase-locked loop (PLL) for avionic software-defined radio (SDR) applications at up to 9 GHz. Three basic architectural schemes: wide range voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), single sideband (SSB) mixing, and multiple VCOs can be used to extend the frequency ranges. This article compares these schemes through quantitative evaluation to select the best synthesizer architecture to use according to the application specs. The chosen scheme is an optimized combination of a single VCO and a single SSB mixer. Using a quadrature VCO (QVCO) with a switched capacitor (SC) bank, the synthesizer provides a wide frequency band of operation ranging from 100 MHz to 9 GHz covering several avionic communication applications and several existing wireless standards’ frequency requirements. The proposed QVCO is able to generate in-phase and quadrature-phase signals spread into a frequency band between 6 and 9 GHz providing a tuning range of 40% at a center frequency of 7.5 GHz. The QVCO exhibits a phase noise of −107 dBc/Hz, at a 1-MHz offset frequency, while generating a 8-GHz carrier frequency. Its power consumption is of 3.4 mW. With a loop bandwidth of 120 kHz, the frequency synthesizer generates a phase noise, measured at 8 GHz, of −106.4 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz frequency offset. The overall power consumption of the synthesizer to generate a 140-MHz carrier frequency is 26.57 mW from a 1.2-V supply. The frequency synthesizer is implemented in 0.13- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology and occupies an active area of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.72 \times 0.72$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
A review of synthetic methods for the production of upconverting lanthanide nanoparticles (2013)

Upconverting lanthanide nanoparticles overcome many of the problems associated with more traditionally used luminescent contrast agents, such as photobleaching, autofluorescence, cytotoxicity and phototoxicity. For this reason, they are an attractive choice for biomedical imaging applications, particularly for imaging in living tissues. The last decade has seen numerous improvements to these nanocrystals, but a comprehensive guide to the synthesis of upconverting lanthanide nanoparticles has not yet been written. Methods vary from paper to paper and from group to group, and results vary between research groups for each method. For this reason, development of these nanoparticles remains a significant endeavor for any research group interested in joining the field. In this review, we look at the varying synthetic methods employed over the last decade and detail methodology for a select few that have been favored in the field.
PML Controls PTEN Localization and Function in APL through a Novel Deubiquitination Pathway (2008)

Abstract PML was discovered as a gene frequently involved in the t(15:17) translocation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Since then, consequences of PML-loss of function in APL and other solid tumors have been extensively studied. Numerous pathways influenced by this tumor suppressor, including the PI3K pathway, have been identified but their importance for the pathogenesis APL is still unclear. We have now discovered that PTEN, the main tumor suppressor opposing PI3K signaling, is aberrantly delocalized to the cytoplasm in APL, but not in AML. Moreover, we show that drugs such as arsenic trioxide and retinoic acid, currently used for the treatment of APL and known to target the oncogenic PML-RARalpha fusion protein, rescue the nuclear localization of PTEN. This discovery has critical biological implications since nuclear localization of PTEN is central to its tumor suppressive activity. Utilizing an APL cell line, genetically engineered cells and transgenic mice, we have delineated the mechanism by which PML sustains nuclear PTEN. PML opposes the activity of a novel PTEN-deubiquitinating enzyme, HAUSP, towards PTEN through a framework involving the adaptor protein DAXX (death domain-associated protein). We demonstrate that PML-RARalpha translocation results in overactive HAUSP and as a consequence, nuclear-excluded PTEN. In support of this notion, we show that HAUSP is overexpressed in human cancer, (e.g. in prostate cancer) which is in turn associated with a nuclear exclusion phenotype of PTEN. Overall our results describe a novel role for PML in the maintenance of PTEN function that is perturbed by oncogenic cues in human leukemia and solid tumors. Significantly, our findings open new avenues for the design of targeted therapies focused on potentiating the activity of the PML-PTEN tumor suppressive network.
&lt;title&gt;Markov/Gibbs modeling: texture and temperature&lt;/title&gt; (1992)

Markov/Gibbs random fields have been used for posing a variety of computer vision and image processing problems. Many of these problems are then solved using a simulated annealing type of method which involves the varying of the temperature, a scale parameter for the model. In this paper we analyze the effect of temperature on random field texture patterns. We obtain new results relating structure in the texture co-occurrence matrix to temperature. We also show the existence of multiple transition temperatures which delimit regions of different bandwidth in the co-occurrence matrix, and hence can be used to control pattern formation.
Synthesis of Indeno[1,2-b]quinolin-10-ones via Pd/C-Assisted Dehydrogenation of 4b,5,10a,11-Tetrahydroindeno[1,2-b]quinolin-10-ones (2005)

Recently, we have reported the synthesis of 4b,5,10a,11tetrahydroindeno[1,2-b]quinolin-10-ones starting from the acetates of Baylis-Hillman adducts as in Scheme 1. Indenoquinoline derivatives showed a wide range of biological activities such as 5-HT-receptor binding activity, antiinflammatory activity, and also act as antitumor agents, inhibitor for steroid reductase, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and antimalarials. These compounds could be synthesized via the aza-Bergman cyclization or via the radical cyclization of isonitrile derivatives. In these contexts, development of a facile synthetic method of indeno[1,2-b]quinoline derivatives would be very important. Thus, we examined the possibility for the synthesis of a variety of indenoquinolines from 4b,5,10a,11-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-b]quinolin-10-one (1a) as shown in Scheme 2. Oxidation of 1a with iodine in methanol would produce 10methoxy-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoline. Treatment of 1a with POCl3 followed by dehydrogenation would generate 10chloro-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoline. Dehydrogenation of 1a with Pd/C or with related oxidant might produce indeno[1,2b]quinolin-10-one (Scheme 2). Treatment of 1a with POCl3 showed the formation of intractable mixtures, unfortunately. Oxidation of 1a with FeCl3 in methanol (reflux, 3 days) produced low yield of indeno[1,2-b]quinolin-10-one (2a, 21%). The use of 2.5 equivalents of DDQ (benzene, reflux, 10 h) for the oxidation of 1a showed moderate yield of 2a (52%). After many trials, we found that dehydrogenation conditions using Pd/C in refluxing decaline generate 2a in good yield (83%). As shown in Table 1, we prepared some indeno[1,2-b]quinolines 2b-e similarly by using Pd/C. It is noteworthy that dechlorination occurred simultaneously for the chlorinesubstituted compounds 1c and 1e at refluxing temperature to give 2a as the major product instead of the desired 2c and 2e. But, fortunately, we could obtain the desired products 2c and 2e without dechlorination in good yields (75 and 68%, respectively) when we carried out the reaction at lower temperature (140 C). We tried next the oxidation of 1a with iodine in methanol, which resulted in the formation of iodinated compound 3a (49%) instead of the expected 10-
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXIDE‐CATALYZED OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS USING M‐CHLOROPERBENZOIC ACID, A NEW METHOD (1975)

Abstract Bei der Oxidation von Alkoholen (I) zu Ketonen (II) durch m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure übenzugesetzte Nitroxide wie (III) eine katalytische Wirkung aus.
Multi-View 3D Skin Feature Recognition and Localization for Patient Tracking in Spinal Surgery Applications (2020)

Abstract Background : Minimally invasive spine surgery is dependent on accurate navigation. Computer-assisted navigation is increasingly used in minimally invasive surgery (MIS), but current solutions require the use of reference markers in the surgical field for both patient and instruments tracking. Purpose: To improve reliability and facilitate clinical workflow, this study proposes a new marker-free tracking framework based on skin feature recognition. Methods : Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) and Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF) algorithms are applied for skin feature detection. The proposed tracking framework is based on a multi-camera setup for obtaining multi-view acquisitions of the surgical area. Features can then be accurately detected using MSER and SURF and afterwards localized by triangulation. The triangulation error is used for assessing the localization quality in 3D. Results : The framework was tested on a cadaver dataset and in eight clinical cases. The detected features for the entire patient datasets were found to have an overall triangulation error of 0.207 mm for MSER and 0.204 mm for SURF. The localization accuracy was compared to a system with conventional markers, serving as a ground truth. An average accuracy of 0.627 and 0.622 mm was achieved for MSER and SURF, respectively. Conclusions : This study demonstrates that skin feature localization for patient tracking in a surgical setting is feasible. The technology shows promising results in terms of detected features and localization accuracy. In the future, the framework may be further improved by exploiting extended feature processing using modern optical imaging techniques for clinical applications where patient tracking is crucial.
ODP441 NErbB-2 and Androgen Receptor Regulate a Gene Signature Involved in Immune Response and Favorable Outcome in TNBC (2022)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poor prognosis and neither established biomarkers nor therapeutic targets. On the one hand, the androgen receptor (AR), a steroid hormone receptor (SR) which is expressed in 10-53% of TNBC and proved to be critical for BC proliferation, has been proposed as a new target in TNBC. On the other, we and others have shown that membrane ErbB-2 migrates to the nucleus (nuclear ErbB-2, NErbB-2) where it binds DNA at HER-2 associated sequences (HAS) to regulate BC proliferation and migration. Since we have previously shown a functional interplay between growth factors and SR signaling pathways in BC, we propose the existence of an interaction between AR and ErbB-2 which is involved in NErbB-2+/AR+ BC growth. The experimental model used was the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-453 which displays high expression levels of AR and NErbB-2. We have previously shown that dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-activated AR induces Src-mediated ErbB-2 rapid activation and its migration to the nucleus where it binds to HAS sites in the DNA. By coimmunoprecipitation and WB studies, we have now shown that this crosstalk involves ErbB-2 and AR physical association which is inhibited by the AR antagonist enzalutamide. By microarray and bioinformatics analysis we have also previously identified a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the presence of DHT and NErbB-2 eviction to define an independent predictor of better clinical outcome in TNBC. By using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) we found a significant association of the expression of the gene signature and the abundance of tumor immune infiltrates, in accordance with the involvement of the gene signature in the immune response and interferon pathways. We have validated the regulation of the gene signature in MDA-MB-453 cells and found that in the presence of DHT, eviction of NErbB-2 significantly induces the mRNA expression of the genes CXCL10, HLA-A, NMI, STAT1 and TAP1, members of said gene signature. We have also identified AREs and HAS sites in STAT1, NMI and TAP1 and studied AR and ErbB-2 recruitment to the chromatin by ChIP assays. We found that DHT induces ErbB-2 binding to its HAS sites in STAT1 in regulatory regions. Our findings evidence that DHT-activated AR induces ErbB-2 rapid activation and its migration to the nucleus where it binds to HAS sites in regulatory regions of a set of genes involved in the immune response in TNBC. Presentation: No date and time listed
Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 Host Responses in Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Determined by Antimicrobial Therapy (2019)

These data underscore the importance of β-lactams for SaB, including consideration that the adjunctive role of β-lactams for MRSA in select patients helps elicit favorable host cytokine responses.
432. Valproic Acid Treatment Enhances Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Multipotency Ex Vivo for Enhanced Long-Term Engraftment of Gene-Modified Cells (2016)

The promising field of genome editing in hematopoietic stem and progenitor (HSPC) for use in autologous and allogeneic transplantation therapies relies on being able to engraft the edited cells into the bone marrow and to have those engrafted cells produce all the hematopoietic lineages necessary for proper immune and red blood cell function. Depending on the cell source to be used in the editing process, the fraction of CD34+ HSPCs can be quite low - approximately 0.0005%, 0.01%, or 0.1% for mobilized peripheral blood (mPB), bone marrow aspirate (BM), or cord blood, respectively. The fraction of long-term repopulating true stem cells (LT-HSCs) within these CD34+ cell populations, capable of long-term reconstitution of the entire hematopoietic lineage after transplantation, is even lower (<1%). In addition, it has recently been shown that LT-HSCs derived from cord blood can be much less permissive to homology-directed repair (HDR)-driven gene correction which may be essential for some types of therapeutic genome editing. Several groups have discovered small molecules that promote expansion of cord blood-derived CD34+ HSPCs ex vivo while maintaining the stemness of the HSPCs, however these effects have not been reported in HSPCs from mPB or BM. Here we show that the small-molecule epigenetic modifier valproic acid (VPA) improves HDR-mediated targeted integration (TI) in mPB and BM HSPCs. In addition to increasing the fraction of LT-HSCs with TI by up to 100-fold, VPA also dramatically increases the overall number of cells expressing LT-HSC markers (CD34+CD133+CD90+CD49f+ or CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+) by up to 500-fold. VPA-treated gene-edited HSCs differentiate normally in vitro and retain consistent levels of TI in both erythroid and myeloid lineages. These results further the development of genome-edited mPB and BM-derived HSPC therapies.
Molecular identification of<i>Trichoderma</i>species associated with<i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>and natural substrates of the oyster mushroom (2009)

Green mold of Pleurotus ostreatus, caused by Trichoderma species, has recently resulted in crop losses worldwide. Therefore, there is an emerging need for rapid means of diagnosing the causal agents. A PCR assay was developed for rapid detection of Trichoderma pleurotum and Trichoderma pleuroticola, the two pathogens causing green mold of P. ostreatus. Three oligonucleotide primers were designed for identifying these species in a multiplex PCR assay based on DNA sequences within the fourth and fifth introns in the translation elongation factor 1alpha gene. The primers detected the presence of T. pleurotum and/or T. pleuroticola directly in the growing substrates of oyster mushrooms, without the need for isolating the pathogens. The assay was used to assess the presence of the two species in natural environments in which P. ostreatus can be found in Hungary, and demonstrated that T. pleuroticola was present in the growing substrates and on the surface of the basidiomes of wild oyster mushrooms. Other Trichoderma species detected in these substrates and habitats were Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma atroviride. Trichoderma pleurotum was not found in any of the samples from the forested areas tested in this study.
Digital Technologies and Patterns of Distributed Innovation (2015)

In this conceptual essay we develop a framework for comparing different forms of organizational structures for distributed, innovative work. To develop this framework we identify two dimensions. The first distinguishes between organizational arrangements that are structured either in relation to a âcontainerâ organization, or those arrangements that are structured by the digital platforms upon which their ecosystems are based. The second dimension considers the degree to which the boundary spanning activity is more or less opaque, in terms of the degree to which collaborators interact in either an armâs length or a tightly coupled fashion. In developing and reflecting on this framework, we characterize four ideal types of organizational structures for distributed innovation: agent relationships; work teams; managed crowds; or open projects. We further utilize the framework to theorize about processes that might lead to transitions between structures.
Development of Material and Processing Technology for High Thermal Conductive Multilayer Module (2007)

We have developed a multilayer substrate that is formed from a high thermal conductive resin including ceramic fillers at high density in order to realize a module that is more miniaturized and has lower thermal resistance. First, we realized a resin with a very high filler filling rate of 75% by mixing two kinds of spherical fillers different in particle size. The thermal conductivity of the insulation resin films we developed is 4.4 W/mK. And we were able to make resin films with a thickness from 35μm-120μm. Additionally, with the improvement of adhesion between Cu and resin affected by control of the resin fluidity and filler diameter, a high thermal conductive multilayer substrate could be realized. The reliability of the high thermal conductive multilayer substrate formed from the developed resin was then investigated. Even after 1000 cycles of HC test (Heat Cycle Test: 233K-398K, 30 minutes at each temperature), the resistance of the daisy chain pattern did not change. The THB test results (Temperature, Humidity, and Bias test: 358K, 85%RH, 50V), showed that an insulation layer of more than 60μm thickness gives enough dielectric reliability. Finally, we made a high voltage (350V) drive inverter power supply circuit module for automobile applications including the high thermal conductive multilayer substrate we developed. Applying a multilayer substrate enabled the inverter module to be downsized to 85% of the one with a conventional monolayer substrate. Further, the thermal resistance of the miniaturized module was the same as the conventional module. In addition, the results of HC test and THB test indicated that the reliability of the developed module is sufficient for automobile applications.
Analysis of a simple Markovian re-entrant line with infinite supply of work under the LBFS policy (2004)

We consider a two machine 3 step re-entrant line, with an infinite supply of work. The service discipline is last buffer first served. Processing times are independent exponentially distributed. We analyze this system, obtaining steady state behavior and sample path properties.
Un espace de représentation pour l'étude conjointe de la morphologie et de la fonctionnalité des surfaces articulaires (2005)

Une bonne connaissance de l'aspect geometrique et du comportement mecanique des articulations humaines est indispensable pour l'etude des pathologies articulaires. La forme et la fonctionnalite des surfaces articulaires sont totalement interdependante mais a ce jour elles n'ont jamais ete traitees simultanement. Nous proposons dans cette these un nouvel espace de representation commun. Nous proposons de representer chacun des deux aspects de la relation morpho-fonctionnelle par une surface reglee puis de plonger ces surfaces dans l'espace des quaternions duaux afin de tenir compte de leurs proprietes differentielles propres. Afin de profiter au mieux de cette representation, nous avons ete amenes a traiter de l'interpolation et de l'approximation des quaternions duaux et a proposer de nouveaux algorithmes. Outre la modelisation des surfaces reglees, cette representation permettra d'etablir un atlas des signatures morpho-fonctionnelles des pathologies articulaires.
Mapping of the bs5 and bs6 non-race-specific recessive resistances against bacterial spot of pepper (2023)

Bacterial spot caused by <i>Xanthomonas euvesicatoria</i> is a major disease of pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) in warm and humid production environments. Use of genetically resistant cultivars is an effective approach to manage bacterial spot. Two recessive resistance genes, <i>bs5</i> and <i>bs6</i>, confer non-race-specific resistance against bacterial spot. The objective of our study was to map these two loci in the pepper genome. We used a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to initially map the position of the two resistances. Segregating populations for <i>bs5</i> and <i>bs6</i> were developed by crossing susceptible Early CalWonder (ECW) with near-isogenic lines ECW50R (<i>bs5</i> introgression) or ECW60R (<i>bs6</i> introgression). Following fine-mapping, <i>bs5</i> was delimited to a ~535 Kbp interval on chromosome 3, and <i>bs6</i> to a ~666 Kbp interval in chromosome 6. We identified 14 and 8 candidate resistance genes for <i>bs5</i> and <i>bs6</i>, respectively, based on predicted protein coding polymorphisms between ECW and the corresponding resistant parent. This research enhances marker-assisted selection of <i>bs5</i> and <i>bs6</i> in breeding programs and is a crucial step towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistances.
Lipid peroxidation and the role of oxygen radicals in CNS injury. (1987)

Lipid peroxidation is a radical induced chain reaction which is fundamentally linked to cellular destruction in the secondary injury process which is initiated by head and spinal injury and stroke. Injuries such as these begin a series of molecular events which lead to gradual vascular and neuronal degeneration. This process ultimately precludes neurological recovery. The secondary damage process is a combination of lipid peroxidation, calcium influx, arachidonic acid release and metabolism, transition metal redox reactions and tissue pH. Although CNS cells are particularly susceptible to lipid peroxidation, the process is common to many biological processes (e.g. inflammation, carcinogenesis, aging, radiation damage, transplant rejection, etc.).