gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Souroubea sympetala</i> (Marcgraviaceae): a medicinal plant that exerts anxiolysis through interaction with the GABA<sub>A</sub> benzodiazepine receptor (2014)

The mode of action of the anxiolytic medicinal plant Souroubea sympetala was investigated to test the hypothesis that extracts and the active principle act at the pharmacologically important GABAA-benzodiazepine (GABAA-BZD) receptor. Leaf extracts prepared by ethyl acetate extraction or supercritical extraction, previously determined to have 5.54 mg/g and 6.78 mg/g of the active principle, betulinic acid, respectively, reduced behavioural parameters associated with anxiety in a rat model. When animals were pretreated with the GABAA-BZD receptor antagonist flumazenil, followed by the plant extracts, or a more soluble derivative of the active principle, the methyl ester of betulinic acid (MeBA), flumazenil eliminated the anxiety-reducing effect of plant extracts and MeBA, demonstrating that S. sympetala acts via an agonist action on the GABAA-BZD receptor. An in vitro GABAA-BZD competitive receptor binding assay also demonstrated that S. sympetala extracts have an affinity for the GABAA-BZD receptor, with an EC50 value of 123 μg/mL (EtOAc leaf extract) and 154 μg/mL (supercritical CO2 extract). These experiments indicate that S. sympetala acts at the GABAA-BZD receptor to elicit anxiolysis.
Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B Controls Directionality of Growth Cone Migration and Axonal Branching in Regeneration of Adult Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons (2004)

During development, microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is one of the earliest MAPs, preferentially localized in axons and growth cones, and plays a role in axonal outgrowth. Although generally downregulated in the adult, we have shown that MAP1B is constitutively highly expressed in adult dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and associated with central sprouting and peripheral regeneration of these neurons. Mutant mice with a complete MAP1B null allele that survive until adulthood exhibit a reduced myelin sheath diameter and conductance velocity of peripheral axons and lack of the corpus callosum. Here, to determine the function of MAP1B in axonal regeneration, we used cultures of adult DRG explants and/or dissociated neurons derived from this map1b -/- mouse line. Whereas the overall length of regenerating neurites lacking MAP1B was similar to wild-type controls, our analysis revealed two main defects. First, map1b -/- neurites exhibited significantly (twofold) higher terminal and collateral branching. Second, the turning capacity of growth cones (i.e., “choice” of a proper orientation) was impaired. In addition, lack of MAP1B may affect the post-translational modification of tubulin polymers: quantitative analysis showed a reduced amount of acetylated microtubules within growth cones, whereas the distribution of tyrosinated or detyrosinated microtubules was normal. Both growth cone turning and axonal branch formation are known to involve local regulation of the microtubule network. Our results demonstrate that MAP1B plays a role in these processes during plastic changes in the adult. In particular, the data suggest MAP1B implication in the locally coordinated assembly of cytoskeletal components required for branching and straight directional axon growth.
Broad Antibody and Cellular Immune Response From a Phase 2 Clinical Trial With a Novel Multivalent Poxvirus-Based Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine (2020)

NCT02873286.
The effect of the surface water on bond strength of silicone sealants (2018)

Joint sealants play a critical role in the sustainability of jointed rigid pavements and the reduction of numerous distresses including spalling, faulting, and subbase erosion damage. The average service life for a silicone sealant is approximately 10 years. However, field studies show that many sealants often fail early in the field due to unsuccessful joint preparation. This paper addresses research to assess the effect of moisture on the interface between the joint seal and the well wall on bond strength subsequent to installation. Indirect measurements appear to be useful to detect the potential for de-bonding due to excessive moisture.
Cost, environmental impact, and resilience of renewable energy under a changing climate: a review (2022)

Abstract Energy derived from fossil fuels contributes significantly to global climate change, accounting for more than 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions and approximately 90% of all carbon dioxide emissions. Alternative energy from renewable sources must be utilized to decarbonize the energy sector. However, the adverse effects of climate change, such as increasing temperatures, extreme winds, rising sea levels, and decreased precipitation, may impact renewable energies. Here we review renewable energies with a focus on costs, the impact of climate on renewable energies, the impact of renewable energies on the environment, economy, and on decarbonization in different countries. We focus on solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, and geothermal energy. We observe that the price of solar photovoltaic energy has declined from $0.417 in 2010 to $0.048/kilowatt-hour in 2021. Similarly, prices have declined by 68% for onshore wind, 60% for offshore wind, 68% for concentrated solar power, and 14% for biomass energy. Wind energy and hydropower production could decrease by as much as 40% in some regions due to climate change, whereas solar energy appears the least impacted energy source. Climate change can also modify biomass productivity, growth, chemical composition, and soil microbial communities. Hydroelectric power plants are the most damaging to the environment; and solar photovoltaics must be carefully installed to reduce their impact. Wind turbines and biomass power plants have a minimal environmental impact; therefore, they should be implemented extensively. Renewable energy sources could decarbonize 90% of the electricity industry by 2050, drastically reducing carbon emissions, and contributing to climate change mitigation. By establishing the zero carbon emission decarbonization concept, the future of renewable energy is promising, with the potential to replace fossil fuel-derived energy and limit global temperature rise to 1.5 °C by 2050.
Comparative Study of DNA Repair and Cell Proliferation Markers in High Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix and Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung (2012)

• The optimal treatment for high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (cNEC) remains undetermined. • Most patients are treated with chemotherapy regimens used for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) because of both tumors’ histological similarity and aggressive behavior. • DNA replication and DNA damage repair processes could play a role in determining the tumors’ behavior and responses to treatment. • We hypothesized that significant differences in the expression profile of the key enzymes involved in these processes exist between cNEC and SCLC. • Such differences could potentially identify valuable prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets in these highly lethal malignancies. Results
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4‐Diazabenzvalene, the Azoalkane Precursor to Tetrahedrane. Synthesis and Reactivity. (1988)

Abstract The diol (Ia) is converted to the dibromide (Ic) which is cyclized with lithium amalgam to produce the polycyclic urazole (II).
Synthesis of α-aminonitriles using aliphatic nitriles, α-amino acids, and hexacyanoferrate as universally applicable non-toxic cyanide sources (2018)

Procedures for the utilization of ferri-/ferrocyanide, α-amino acids, aliphatic nitriles and cyanohydrins as universal and often non-toxic cyanide sources have been developed.
Controlled release of vanadium from titanium oxide coatings for improved integration of soft tissue implants (2008)

This study evaluates the potential of titanium oxide coatings for short-term delivery of vanadium for improved wound healing around implants. Titanium and vanadium oxides are bioactive agents that elicit different bioresponses in cells, ranging from implant integration and reduction of inflammation to modulation of cell proliferation and morphology. These oxides were combined in biomaterial coatings using metal-organic precursors and rapidly screened in cell-culture microplates to establish how vanadium-loading influences cell proliferation and morphology. Twenty-eight-day elution studies indicated that there was a controlled release of vanadium from stable titanium oxide matrices. Elution profiles were mathematically modeled for vanadium loading of 20-1.25% up to a period of 28 days. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy of the coatings indicated that the vanadium was present as a nanoscale dispersion and not segregated micron-scale islands. The study confirmed that the observed bioresponse of cells was modulated by the soluble release of vanadium into the surrounding medium. Controlled release of vanadium from titania coatings may be used to influence soft-tissue integration of implants by modulating cell proliferation, attachment, inflammation, and wound healing dynamics.
CD3 Ligation on Immature Thymocytes Generates Antagonist-like Signals Appropriate for CD8 Lineage Commitment, Independently of  T Cell Receptor Specificity (1998)

The signals that direct differentiation of T cells to the CD4 or CD8 lineages in the thymus remain poorly understood. Although it has been relatively easy to direct differentiation of CD4 single positive (CD4+) cells using combinations of antibodies and pharmacological agents that mimic receptor engagements, equivalent stimuli do not induce efficient maturation of CD8+ cells. Here we report that, irrespective of the MHC-restriction specificity of the TCR, differentiation of mature CD8+ thymocytes can be induced by ligation of CD3 polypeptides on immature thymocytes with a F(ab')2 reagent (CD3fos-F(ab')2). The tyrosine phosphorylation patterns stimulated by CD3fos-F(ab')2 have been shown to resemble those delivered to mature T cells by antagonist peptides, which are known to direct positive selection of CD8+ cells, and we can show that this reagent exhibits potent antagonistic-like activity for primary T cell responses. Our results suggest a distinction in the signals that specify lineage commitment in the thymus. We present a model of thymocyte differentiation that proposes that the relative balance of signals delivered by TCR engagement and by p56lck activation is responsible for directing commitment to the CD8 or CD4 lineages.
A 1 bit binary-decision-diagram adder circuit using single-electron transistors made by selective-area metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (2005)

We demonstrate single-electron operation of a 1 bit adder circuit using GaAs single-electron tunneling transistors (SETs). GaAs dot and wire coupled structures for the fabrication of SETs were grown by a selective-area metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy technique. The logic circuit was realized based on a binary decision diagram architecture using Coulomb blockade (CB) in GaAs dots and switching operations were achieved in a single-electron mode because of the CB effects. Through this architecture, a 1 bit adder circuit was realized with three SETs, two of which were for AND logic and one with two input gates for exclusive OR (XOR). Both AND and XOR operations were demonstrated at 1.9 K, which indicated successful fabrication of the 1 bit adder.
Manniindole, an indole derivative from the roots of <i>Anonidium mannii</i> and combined antischistosomal and enzymatic activities (2020)

A new alkaloid, manniindole <b>1</b>, together with four known compounds: aristolactam AII <b>2</b>, aristolactam BII <b>3</b>, piperolactam D <b>4</b> and polycarpol <b>5</b> were isolated from the crude extract EtOH-H<sub>2</sub>O (8:2) of the roots of <i>Anonidium mannii</i> by chromatographic separation. The structure elucidation was performed on the basis of a spectroscopic analysis (IR, HRESI MS, 1D and 2D NMR) as well as a comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. For the first time, the crude extract and those isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-schistosomal activity against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> and for cytotoxicity activity against Huh7 and A549 cells. Furthermore, they were also tested <i>in vitro</i> on the recent characterized <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> NAD<sup>+</sup> catabolizing enzyme (<i>Sm</i>NACE) for their impact on this enzyme which is localized on the outer surface of the adult parasite. Compound <b>2</b> displayed quite good worm killing capability, while <b>4</b> showed significant inhibition of <i>Sm</i>NACE.
MATERIALS PROCESSING WITH EXCIMER LASERS (1990)

ABSTRACT Engineering applications of lasers in advanced technologies have grown rapidly in the last decade. The range of these applications include microlithography, cutting of polymers, ceramics, glass and metals, the marking of surface mount devices such as ceramic capacitors and deposition of films including diamond coatings and high temperature superconductive thin films. The potential for excimer lasers in the workplace has been expanding dramatically recently because of two parallel areas of development: increased reliability and performance achieved by the manufacturers, and development of new applications by major research teams. This review discusses both the history and future of excimer technology and applications.
Mitochondrial Impairment Mediates Cytolysis in Anthrax Lethal Toxin-Treated Murine Macrophages (2006)

Numerous early events in anthrax lethal toxin (LT)-mediated cell killing have been described, including uptake of LT and MAPKK cleavage. However, critical downstream events in LT killing remain to be identified. In this study we present evidence that LT causes mitochondrial dysfunction in murine J774A.1 macrophages, as indicated by a continuous drop in both mitochondrial membrane potential and SDH activity. This was further supported by ultrastructural analysis revealing LT-induced swelling of mitochondria. Mitochondrial impairment and cytolysis were controlled by proteasomes in LT-treated macrophages: proteasome inhibitors restored mitochondrial activity and rescued cells from cytolysis, even when added immediately prior to membrane perturbation. Similar to proteasome inhibitors, KCl also efficiently blocked LT-mediated cytolysis, even after late addition. However, KCl did not prevent mitochondrial impairment, though it precluded events linked to LT-induced cytolysis. These events included a precipitous drop in ATP levels and ubiquitinated proteins, revealing that they are epiphenomena in LT killing. Our studies suggest that proteasomes and potassium control LT-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and membrane perturbation, key events in LT killing.
Effect of propylene glycol supplementation around parturition on milk yield, reproduction performance and some hormonal and metabolic characteristics in dairy cows (1996)

Thirty-nine multiparous Holstein cows were used to measure the effect of propylene glycol treatment around parturition on milk yield, reproductive efficiency and some hormone and metabolite concentrations. Cows were assigned randomly to control (n = 19) or propylene glycol treated (n = 20) groups. Propylene glycol (300 g) was administered directly mixed with the diet from day 10 prior to the expected calving date until parturition (day 0) and orally after dilution in 1 l water on days 3, 6, 9 and 12. Blood samples were collected on days -20, -5, 0, 3, 10, 25 and 50 while milk samples were taken weekly until 13 weeks post partum. Body condition scores, recorded on days -20, 15 and 50, were not affected by propylene glycol administration. Propylene glycol did not significantly affect milk yield or composition but linear somatic cell score measured from the first 13 weeks post partum was reduced by propylene glycol administration (P < 0.01). Moreover, propylene glycol reduced milk urea (-25 mg/l, P < 0.05), especially during the first 9 weeks post partum. Plasma insulin concentrations were similar in both groups during the experiment while insulin-like growth factor I (P < 0.05) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (P < 0.001) levels were higher on days 10, 25 and 50 post partum in the propylene glycol group. Propylene glycol administration decreased plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) but increased total cholesterol levels (P < 0.01) after parturition while 3-hydroxybutyrate levels were unaffected by the treatment. Changes in the hormone and metabolic concentrations after propylene glycol administration in the last few days of gestation and the first week of lactation seem to indicate that energy balance in the treated group was probably more positive than in the control group. There was also evidence that propylene glycol administration prevented fatty liver syndrome and hastened the resumption of oestrous cycles (P < 0.001).
Dysregulation of circular RNAs in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (2018)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a recently re-discovered class of non-coding RNAs functioning as sponge for miRNAs and proteins, affecting RNA splicing and regulating transcription. CircRNAs are generated by “back-splicing”, linking covalently 3’- and 5’-ends of exons. Thus, circRNA levels might be deregulated in conditions associated to altered RNA-splicing. Indeed, increasing evidence indicates their role in human diseases. Specifically, myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic disorder caused by expanded CTG-repeats in the DMPK gene, resulting in abnormal mRNA-splicing. In this investigation, circRNAs expressed in DM1 skeletal muscles were identified by analyzing RNA-sequencing data-sets followed by qPCR validation. In muscle biopsies, out of 9 tested, 4 transcripts showed an increased circular fraction: CDYL, HIPK3, RTN4_03 and ZNF609. The circular fraction values correlated positively with skeletal muscle strength and Receiver-Operating-Characteristics curves showed that these four circRNAs allow to distinguish DM1 patients from controls. The identified circRNAs were also detectable in peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells (PBMCs) and plasma of DM1 patients, but they were not regulated significantly, indicating a tissue-selectivity of the identified modulations. Finally, increased circular fractions of RTN4_03 and ZNF609 were also observed in differentiated myogenic cell lines derived from DM1 patients. In conclusion, this proof-of-principle study identified circRNA dysregulation in DM1 patients.
Polarization scrambling with metallic meander structures for space applications (2012)

Periodic single metallic meander structures have been shown to exhibit extraordinary transmission in the visible frequency domain within a well-defined pass band that can be shifted by geometry variation. Furthermore, meander structures are not only linear polarizers but also induce phase retardation between s- and p-polarized light. In addition, they are able to convert the polarization of light due to plasmonic excitations. Those features combined with the advantages of plasmonic metamaterials in general, such as radiation stability, temperature independence and low weight make them perfect candidates for optical devices in space instruments. We show analytically and numerically that an optical depolarizer can be designed by spatially distributing meander structures in a pixel-like fashion and rotating each element by a random angle. The depolarizing properties of meander structures, indicated by the Mueller matrix elements, are investigated for various geometrical parameters and can be improved by stacking two meander structures onto each other. The presented polarization scrambler can be flexibly designed to work anywhere in the visible wavelength range with a bandwidth of up to 100 THz. Furthermore, the depolarization effect relies on optical activity rather than scattering. With our preliminary design, we achieve depolarization rates larger than 60% for arbitrarily polarized, monochromatic or narrow-band light, respectively. One advantage of our concept is the flexibility to tune the polarization scrambler to a particular optical frequency or functionality. Circularly polarized light (S = [1, 0, 0, &plusmn;1]) for instance could be depolarized by 95% at 600 THz.
Revisiting Spatio-Angular Trade-off in Light Field Cameras and Extended Applications in Super-Resolution (2019)

Light field cameras (LFCs) have received increasing attention due to their wide-spread applications. However, current LFCs suffer from the well-known spatio-angular trade-off, which is considered an inherent and fundamental limit for LFC designs. In this article, by doing a detailed optical analysis of the sampling process in an LFC, we show that the effective resolution is generally higher than the number of micro-lenses. This contribution makes it theoretically possible to super-resolve a light field. Further optical analysis proves the "2D predictable series" nature of the 4D light field, which provides new insights for analyzing light field using series processing techniques. To model this nature, a specifically designed epipolar plane image (EPI) based CNN-LSTM network is proposed to super-resolve a light field in the spatial and angular dimensions simultaneously. Rather than leveraging semantic information, our network focuses on extracting geometric continuity in the EPI domain. This gives our method an improved generalization ability and makes it applicable to a wide range of previously unseen scenes. Experiments on both synthetic and real light fields demonstrate the improvements over state-of-the-arts, especially in large disparity areas.
Superantigens (2001)

Abstract Superantigens are operationally defined as molecules that bind to the products of the major histocompatibility complex and active T cells bearing a given T‐cell receptor beta chain variable domain.
Systematically quantifying morphological features reveals constraints on organoid phenotypes (2021)

Abstract Organoids recapitulate complex 3D organ structures and represent a unique opportunity to probe the principles of self-organization. While we can alter an organoid’s morphology by manipulating the culture conditions, the morphology of an organoid often resembles that of its original organ, suggesting that organoid morphologies are governed by a set of tissue-specific constraints. Here, we establish a framework to identify constraints on an organoid’s morphological features by quantifying them from microscopy images of organoids exposed to a range of perturbations. We apply this framework to Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cysts and show that they obey a number of constraints taking the form of scaling relationships or caps on certain parameters. For example, we found that the number, but not size, of cells increases with increasing cyst size. We also find that these constraints vary with cyst age and can be altered by varying the culture conditions. We observed similar sets of constraints in intestinal organoids. This quantitative framework for identifying constraints on organoid morphologies may inform future efforts to engineer organoids.
Towards a clone detection benchmark suite and results archive (2004)

Source code clones are copies or near-copies of other portions of code, often created by copying and pasting portions of source code. This working session is concerned with building a communal research infrastructure for clone detection. The intention of this working session is to try to build a consensus on how to continue to build a benchmark suite and results archive for clone- and source comparison-related research and development. The working session is structured to foster discussion and debates over what should be collected in the archive, and how best to do it.