gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methylglyoxal administration induces inflammatory response and microglial activation in the mouse retina (2014)

Question: Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive glucose metabolite and modifies both protein and DNA leading to an upregulation of many inflammatory and tissue-injury-provoking molecules. It therefore has an important role in the development of diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, whereas its exact role yet needs to be demonstrated. We determine which impact MG alone has on the inflammatory response in a normoglycemic retina.
Oligodendrocyte Vulnerability Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats: Effect of Moderate Hypothermia (2011)

The purpose of this study was to document patterns of oligodendrocyte vulnerability to TBI and determine whether posttraumatic hypothermia prevents oligodendrocyte cell loss. Sprague Dawley rats underwent moderate fluid percussion brain injury. Thirty minutes after TBI, brain temperature was reduced to 33°C for 4 hrs or maintained at normothermic levels (37°C). Animals were perfusion-fixed for quantitative immunohistochemical analysis at 3 (n=9) or 7 (n=9) days post-TBI. Within the cerebral cortex, external capsule and corpus callosum, numbers of APC-CC1 immunoreactive oligodendrocytes at 3 and 7 days following TBI were significantly decreased compared to sham operated rats (p<0.02). Double-labeling studies showed that vulnerable oligodendrocytes expressed increased Caspase 3 activation compared to sham. Posttraumatic hypothermia significantly reduced the number of CC1 positive oligodendrocytes lost after normothermia TBI in white matter tracts (p<0.01). This model of TBI leads to quantifiable regional patterns of oligodendrocyte vulnerability. Posttraumatic hypothermia protects oligodendrocytes by interfering with Caspase 3-mediated cell death mechanisms. Therapeutic hypothermia may improve functional outcome by attenuating trauma-induced oligodendrocyte cell death, subsequent demyelination and circuit dysfunction.
Surface And Interface Studies At APS Endstation 5ID-C (2004)

We have instrumented the 5ID‐C hutch of DND‐CAT at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) for x‐ray surface spectroscopy and scattering. A wide variety of experiments have already been carried out at 5ID‐C, including studies on semiconductors, oxides, metals, nanodots, and biomolecular adsorption. We describe the beamline optics, data collection hardware and software, and both diffractometers, a five‐circle kappa diffractometer for open‐air and liquid‐cell experiments, and a psi‐circle diffractometer with an integrated ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber, paying particular attention to the requirements of an XSW measurement.
Speech-to-Text Adapter and Speech-to-Entity Retriever Augmented LLMs for Speech Understanding (2023)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied in the speech domain, often incurring a performance drop due to misaligned between speech and language representations. To bridge this gap, we propose a joint speech and language model (SLM) using a Speech2Text adapter, which maps speech into text token embedding space without speech information loss. Additionally, using a CTC-based blank-filtering, we can reduce the speech sequence length to that of text. In speech MultiWoz dataset (DSTC11 challenge), SLM largely improves the dialog state tracking (DST) performance (24.7% to 28.4% accuracy). Further to address errors on rare entities, we augment SLM with a Speech2Entity retriever, which uses speech to retrieve relevant entities, and then adds them to the original SLM input as a prefix. With this retrieval-augmented SLM (ReSLM), the DST performance jumps to 34.6% accuracy. Moreover, augmenting the ASR task with the dialog understanding task improves the ASR performance from 9.4% to 8.5% WER.
Editing faces in videos (2011)

Editing faces in movies is of interest in the special effects industry. We aim at&#13;\nproducing effects such as the addition of accessories interacting correctly with&#13;\nthe face or replacing the face of a stuntman with the face of the main actor.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe system introduced in this thesis is based on a 3D generative face model.&#13;\nUsing a 3D model makes it possible to edit the face in the semantic space of pose,&#13;\nexpression, and identity instead of pixel space, and due to its 3D nature allows&#13;\na modelling of the light interaction. In our system we first reconstruct the 3D&#13;\nface, which is deforming because of expressions and speech, the lighting, and&#13;\nthe camera in all frames of a monocular input video. The face is then edited by&#13;\nsubstituting expressions or identities with those of another video sequence or by&#13;\nadding virtual objects into the scene. The manipulated 3D scene is rendered back&#13;\ninto the original video, correctly simulating the interaction of the light with the&#13;\ndeformed face and virtual objects.&#13;\n&#13;\nWe describe all steps necessary to build and apply the system. This includes&#13;\nregistration of training faces to learn a generative face model, semi-automatic&#13;\nannotation of the input video, fitting of the face model to the input video, editing&#13;\nof the fit, and rendering of the resulting scene.&#13;\n&#13;\nWhile describing the application we introduce a host of new methods, each&#13;\nof which is of interest on its own. We start with a new method to register 3D&#13;\nface scans to use as training data for the face model. For video preprocessing a&#13;\nnew interest point tracking and 2D Active Appearance Model fitting technique&#13;\nis proposed. For robust fitting we introduce background modelling, model-based&#13;\nstereo techniques, and a more accurate light model.
Affinity selection and sequence-activity relationships of HIV-1 membrane fusion inhibitors directed at the drug-resistant variants (2010)

Enfuvirtide is the first approved membrane fusion inhibitor against HIV-1. Although this drug is effective against multi-drug resistant strains, the emergence of enfuvirtide-resistant strains has been reported in patients who have received an enfuvirtide-containing regimen. Based on the high affinity of synthetic HIV-1 gp41 C-terminal heptad repeat (C-HR) peptides to the counterpart trimeric N-terminal heptad repeat (N-HR) coiled-coil structure, a novel screening approach has been established to facilitate the identification of potent fusion inhibitors against wild-type and enfuvirtide-resistant HIV-1. In this process, affinity selection using histidine-tagged N-HR peptides with the sequences derived from wild-type and resistant strains efficiently captured potent inhibitory peptides from a pool of highly water-soluble C-HR peptides with α-helix-inducible motifs. A highly potent peptide was found from a single amino acid substitution observed in an enfuvirtide-resistant variant as well as peptides with unprecedented modifications at the mutated site.
Deconstructing the Energy Consumption of the Mobile Page Load (2017)

Mobile Web page performance is critical to content providers, service providers, and users, as Web browsers are one of the most popular apps on phones. Slow Web pages are known to adversely affect profits and lead to user abandonment. While improving mobile web performance has drawn increasing attention, most optimizations tend to overlook an important factor, energy. Given the importance of battery life for mobile users, we argue that web page optimizations should be evaluated for their impact on energy consumption. However, examining the energy effects of a web optimization is challenging, even if one has access to power monitors, for several reasons. First, the page load process is relatively short-lived, ranging from several milliseconds to a few seconds. Fine-grained resource monitoring on such short timescales to model energy consumption is known to incur substantial overhead. Second, Web pages are complex. A Web enhancement can have widely varying effects on different page load activities. Thus, studying the energy impact of a Web enhancement on page loads requires understanding its effects on each page load activity. Existing approaches to analyzing mobile energy typically focus on profiling and modeling the resource consumption of the device during execution. Such approaches consider long-running services and apps such as games, audio, and video streaming, for which low-overhead, coarse-grained resource monitoring suffices. For page loads, however, coarse-grained resource monitoring is not sufficient to analyze the energy consumption of individual, short-lived, page load activities. We present RECON (REsource- and COmpoNent-based modeling), a modeling approach that addresses the above challenges to estimate the energy consumption of any Web page load. The key intuition behind RECON is to go beyond resource-level information and exploit application-level semantics to capture the individual Web page load activities. Instead of modeling the energy consumption at the full page load level, which is too coarse grained, RECON models at a much finer component level granularity. Components are individual page load activities such as loading objects, parsing the page, or evaluating JavaScript.
Polycarbonates (2006)

Abstract Polycarbonates are an unusual and extremely useful class of high heat polymers known for their toughness and clarity. The vast majority of polycarbonates are based on bisphenol A (BPA), and sold under the trade names Lexan (GE), Makrolon (Bayer), Caliber (Dow), Panlite (Teijin), and Iupilon (Mitsubishi). BPA polycarbonates have glass transition temperatures ( T g ) in the range of 140–155°C, and are widely regarded for their optical clarity and exceptional impact resistance and ductility at or below room temperature. Other properties such as modulus, dielectric strength, and tensile strength are comparable to other amorphous thermoplastics at similar temperatures below their respective T g s. However, whereas most amorphous polymers are stiff and brittle below their T g s, polycarbonates retain their ductility. Polycarbonates are prepared commercially by two completely different processes: Schotten–Baumann reaction of phosgene and an aromatic diol in an amine‐catalyzed interfacial condensation reaction, or via base‐catalyzed transesterification of a bisphenol with a monomeric carbonate such as diphenyl carbonate. Each process has its own inherent advantages and disadvantages. Many important products are also based on polycarbonate in blends with other materials, copolymers, branched resins, flame‐retardant compositions, foams, and other materials. Polycarbonates are produced with global manufacture currently just over 2 million tons annually. Polycarbonates are also the object of both industrial and academic research, due to its widespread utility and unusual properties. Research on polycarbonates has steadily increased over the past two decades, with over 5000 publications on the topic since 1995, and nearly 20,000 patents having appeared globally, more than 8000 since 1995. Polycarbonates have been the subject of three monographs, once of them published in 2000. This paper gives a brief overview of polycarbonates.
Insulin Signaling and the Heat Shock Response Modulate Protein Homeostasis in the Caenorhabditis elegans Intestine during Infection (2007)

During infection, damage can occur to the host as an outcome of both pathogen virulence mechanisms and host defense strategies. Using aggregation of a model polyglutamine-containing protein as an indicator in Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that protein damage occurs specifically at the site of the host-pathogen interaction, the intestine, in response to various bacterial pathogens. We demonstrate that the insulin signaling pathway and the heat shock transcription factor (HSF-1) influence the amount of aggregation that occurs, in addition to heat shock proteins and oxidative stress enzymes. We also show that addition of the antioxidants epigallocatechin gallate and alpha-lipoic acid reduces polyglutamine aggregation. The influence of oxidative stress enzymes and exogenous antioxidants on protein aggregation suggests that reactive oxygen species produced by the host are a source of protein damage during infection. We propose a model in which heat shock proteins and oxidative stress enzymes regulated by insulin signaling and HSF-1 are required for tissue protection during infection, to minimize the effects of protein damage occurring as a result of host-pathogen interactions.
Survey of Chemical Reactivity of C<sub>60</sub>, Electrophile and Dieno—polarophile Par Excellence (1992)

Buckminsterfullerene, C60, was found to add a large variety of neutral and charged nucleophiles, a couple of dienes, and a number of dipoles. The reagents mentioned within are propylamine, dodecylamine, tert-butylamine, ethylenediamine, morpholine, triethyl phosphite, hydride (lithium triethyl borohydride), phenyllithium, phenylmagnesium bromide, tert-butyllithium, tert-butylmagnesium bromide, anthracene, cyclopentadiene, p-nitrophenylazide, ethyl diazoacetate, phenyldiazomethane, diphenyldiazomethane, and the ylide (CH3)2S+CH-CO2Et. When a large molar excess of reagent relative to fullerene is used, as many as 10—12 new bonds are formed. For primary amine addition (with the exception of tert-butylamine), the mechanism involves single-electron transfer as a first step. Mass spectrometry shows facile reactivity of C60 in the gas phase with CH4 in both positive and negative ionization.
Planar Optic Interconnect Systems with Holographic Photopolymers (1999)

Planar optics is a useful format for implementing free-space optical interconnects in electronic processing systems. This utility results from the fact that the planar optical substrate matches the geometry of many electronic assemblies and a large number of optical elements can be integrated to form a complete optical distribution system.
The influence of interaction geometry on the obstacle strength of voids and copper precipitates in iron (2010)

Interaction between a 1/21 1 1{1 1 0} edge dislocation and voids or coherent bcc Cu precipitates (diameter D = 2 or 4 nm) in Fe with their centre displaced by ±Δz from the dislocation glide plane is investigated by computer simulation for temperature T = 0 to 450 K. Voids provide the highest critical stress, τc, when Δz = 0. The dislocation climbs up on release when Δz ≥ 0, but down when Δz 0, due to a combination of the modulus difference and size misfit between bcc Cu and Fe. 4 nm precipitates are partially transformed to fcc structure by the dislocation when T ≤ 300 K and Δz ≥ 0. Surprisingly, the transformed fraction of Cu at low T is highest for Δz = D/2, due to the compressive field of the dislocation. The geometries that produce large transformed fractions result in the lowest τc, in contrast to expectation from previous studies.
Effect of CdSTe QDs’ Crystal Size on Viability and Cytochrome P450 Activity of CHO-K1 and HEP-G2 Cells (2023)

In the last few years, quantum dots (QDs) have attracted research interest in different fields of science and technology. Despite their applications, it is essential to understand how nanomaterials (with different crystal sizes) are metabolized inside organisms. Thus, the focus of this study was on an evaluation of how crystal sizes of CdSTe QDs affect the viability and response of the cytochrome P450 system in CHO-K1 and HEP-G2 cells. CdSTe QDs were synthesized using a microwave-assisted system at different reaction temperatures (60, 120, 150, and 180 °C) to obtain different crystal sizes. The optical and structural characterization confirmed four crystal sizes from 3 to 8 nm. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that CdSTe QDs are incorporated into both cell lines. Viability studies suggested that CHO-K1 cells are more sensitive than HEP-G2 cells to CdSTe QDs and Cd+2 ions. The responsible mechanisms for the toxicity of QDs and Cd+2 are apoptosis followed by necrosis. The activity of CYP 1A1, 1A2, and 3A4 isoenzymes suggests that the smallest CdSTe crystals are recognized in a manner similar to that of Cd+2. Furthermore, the largest CdSTe crystals can have different metabolic routes than Cd+2.
Effects of carbon additions on MoSi<sub>2</sub>microstructure and properties (1997)

Abstract Carbon as a second-phase particulate addition to a MoSi2 matrix has been investigated for possible improved mechanical property effects. MoSi2 with 0, 1, 2 and 4 wt% C was fabricated using hot pressing and containerless hot isostatic pressing at temperatures of 1400, 1600 and 1800°C. These processing conditions showed the formation of an in-situ SiC phase and the ternary Nowotny phase C<1Mo<5Si3, which affected the microstructure and fracture behaviour of the materials. Microindentation techniques were used to evaluate the hardness and fracture toughness of the MoSi2 and C-MoSi2 materials. Increasing the processing temperature increased the hardness due to in-situ SiC formation as a result of carbon reaction with silica, although only modest improvements in fracture toughness were observed.
Neuroplasticity after acute and repeated exposure to oxytocin : a multi-site MRI analysis (2018)

Introduction: The hormone and neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is suggested to be a crucial chemical modulator of social behavior, and exogenous intranasal oxytocin administration has been proposed as a ...
The embedded biases in hypothesis testing and machine learning (2020)

In his New Yorker piece "Overkill," Atul Gawande describes the essence of the problem related to overutilization of healthcare resources in the US by stating, "An avalanche of unnecessary medical care is harming patients physically and financially." 3 A significant portion of this overutilization phenomenon is related to physicians succumbing to what has been described as the "therapeutic illusion," as defined in David Cassarett's New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) article titled "The Science of Choosing Wisely-Overcoming the Therapeutic Illusion." 1 In this perspective piece, he reasons that "the outcome of virtually all medical decisions is at least partly outside the physician's control, and random chance can encourage physicians to embrace mistaken beliefs about causality." He goes on to address the endgame of therapeutic illusion-confirmation bias-by stating, "Once a treatment is under way, physicians (and patients) tend to look for evidence that is having some kind of positive effect." This illusion of success is very problematic, because it leads to an exaggerated eagerness to treat, which affects future care-related decisions via the introduction of unnecessary, costly, and sometimes harmful medical care.
Role of genetic polymorphisms and ovarian cancer susceptibility (2009)

The value of identifying women with an inherited predisposition to epithelial ovarian cancer has become readily apparent with the identification of the BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes. Women who inherit a deleterious mutation in either of these genes have a very high lifetime risk of ovarian cancer (10-60%) and to some extent, increased risks of fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer. These highly lethal cancers are almost completely prevented by prophylactic salpingoophorectomy. BRCA1/2 mutation testing has become the accepted standard of care in families with a strong history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. This approach has the potential to reduce ovarian cancer mortality by about 10%. Although the ability to perform genetic testing for BRCA1 and 2 represents a significant clinical advance, the frequency of mutations in these high penetrance ovarian cancer susceptibility genes is low in most populations. There is evidence to suggest that ovarian cancer susceptibility might be affected by common low penetrance genetic polymorphisms like it was shown for several common disorders like diabetes or breast cancer. Although such polymorphisms would increase risk to a lesser degree, they could contribute to the development of a greater proportion of ovarian cancers by virtue of their higher frequencies in the population. It has been shown that the most powerful approach to studying low penetrance genes is an association study rather than a linkage study design. This review describes the efforts that have been made in this field by individual case-control studies and through multi-center collaborations as part of international consortia such as the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC).
Simple and economical RNA extraction and storage packets for viral detection from serum or plasma (2022)

Abstract RNA extraction is an essential step for detection and surveillance of common viral pathogens. Currently, sample processing and RNA extraction are costly and rely on proprietary materials that are difficult to acquire, maintain, and safely discard in low-resource settings. We developed an economical RNA extraction and storage protocol that eliminates the use of instrumentation, expensive materials, and cold chain requirements. Through an iterative process, we optimized viral lysis and RNA binding to and elution from glass fiber membranes. Protocol changes were evaluated by testing eluates in virus-specific real-time RT-PCRs (rRT-PCRs). Efficient, non-toxic viral lysis was achieved with a sucrose buffer including KCl, proteinase K and carrier RNA. Glass fiber membranes demonstrated concentration-dependent RNA binding of three arthropod-borne RNA viruses (arboviruses): dengue, chikungunya and Oropouche. Membrane binding was significantly increased in an acidic arginine binding buffer. For the clinical evaluation, 36 dengue virus (DENV)-positive serum samples were extracted in duplicate in the optimized protocol and results were compared to a commercial method. DENV RNA was successfully extracted from 71/72 replicates (98.6%) in the extraction packets, and rRT-PCR Ct values correlated between the techniques. Five clinical samples were selected to evaluate ambient-temperature storage up to 7 days on dried glass fiber membranes. DENV RNA was stable at 1, 3 and 7 days post extraction, with a mean difference in eluate RNA concentration of 0.14 log 10 copies/μL. At a cost of $0.08 /sample, RNA extraction and storage packets address key limitations to available protocols and may increase capacity for molecular detection of RNA viruses.
Nytt paradigm för hållfasthetssortering av konstruktionsvirke: Projektrapport ett (2013)

Undersokningen som redovisas i denna rapport har genomforts under hosten 2013 och varen 2014 inom projektet Nytt paradigm for hallfasthetssortering av konstruktionsvirke. Projektet, som pagar und ...
Increased plasma levels of PAI-1 after administration of nonionic contrast medium in patients undergoing pulmonary angiography. (1994)

The increase in PAI-1 levels in response to iohexol may explain clinical differences in postprocedural thrombogenicity in patients who undergo angiography.
FPGA Frequency Domain Based GPS Coarse Acquisition Processor Using FFT (2006)

In this paper we describe the use of the FFT on an FPGA to perform lock on coarse acquisition (C/A) code and carrier frequency in a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. A novel technique of sub-sampling is used in this system to obtain data block sizes that match hardware limitations. The system uses 10 ms of data to perform the lock with 6 ms of processing time and theoretically can operate on signals 20 db below the noise floor.