gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic control of size in<i>Drosophila</i> (2000)

During the past ten years, significant progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms of the development of multicellular organisms. Genetic analysis of the development of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila has unearthed a fruitful number of genes involved in establishing the basic body plan, patterning of limbs, specification of cell fate and regulation of programmed cell death. The genes involved in these developmental processes have been conserved throughout evolution and homologous genes are involved in the patterning of insect and human limbs. Despite these important discoveries, we have learned astonishingly little about one of the most obvious distinctions between animals: their difference in body size. The mass of the smallest mammal, the bumble-bee bat, is 2 g while that of the largest mammal, the blue whale, is 150 t or 150 million grams. Remarkably, even though they are in the same class, body size can vary up to 75-million-fold. Furthermore, this body growth can be finite in the case of most vertebrates or it can occur continuously throughout life, as for trees, molluscs and large crustaceans. Currently, we know comparatively little about the genetic control of body size. In this article we will review recent evidence from vertebrates and particularly from Drosophila that implicates insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I and other growth pathways in the control of cell, organ and body size.
Selective Extraction of Metals from Chloride Solutions with the Tetraoctylphosphonium Oleate Ionic Liquid (2015)

The solvent extraction behavior of a series of metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, In3+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Dy3+, Er3+, Yb3+) from an aqueous chloride feed solution by the nonfluorinated fatty acid-based ionic liquid (IL) tetraoctylphosphonium oleate [P8888][oleate] has been investigated as a function of the pH. The possibility to extract metal chlorides from an aqueous stream via the anion or cation of the hydrophobic, low-viscous water-saturated [P8888][oleate] IL has been exploited. [P8888][oleate] can be considered as a bifunctional or binary IL. At high pH values (pH &gt; 5), all metals are extracted via the oleate anion, whereas some transition metals are extracted at high HCl concentrations and thus low pH values as anionic chloro complexes in combination with [P8888] cations. A difference of one pH unit is observed between the extraction curves (%E as a function of the pH) of the transition metals and those of the rare earth metals. Rare earths are not extracted at low pH values, whereas some transition metals (Fe, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, In) are extracted. This makes [P8888][oleate] a promising extractant for the separation of transition metals from rare earths. It is also shown that this bulky and long-chained IL has a very low viscosity due to the uptake of water.
Agonist‐Mediated Endocytosis of Rat Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 3 Involves β‐Arrestin and Clathrin Coated Vesicles (2001)

Agonist-induced endocytosis of somatostatin receptors determines subsequent cellular responsiveness to peptide agonist and influences somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, a technique to image various tumours. We examined the internalization of sst3HSV, an epitope-tagged type 3 somatostatin receptor, in transfected rat neuroendocrine insulinoma cells. Stimulation of these cells with somatostatin induced trafficking of coexpressed enhanced green fluorescence protein/beta-arrestin1 fusion protein and sst3HSV to colocalize in the same endocytic vesicles. Coexpression of a dominant negative mutant of the arrestin fusion protein with the receptor blocked the internalization of sst3HSV. Stimulation with somatostatin also induced the transient translocation of alpha-adaptin, a component of the adaptor protein complex 2, to the plasma membrane. alpha-adaptin and clathrin colocalized with the receptor. By electron microscopy, we observed internalized sst3 in clathrin coated pits, endosomes and at the limiting membrane of multivesicular bodies, a location typical for receptors being recycled. Concordantly, we observed sst3HSV colocalized with Rab11 in a perinuclear compartment which is likely to correspond to the pericentriolar recycling endosome. Thus, agonist-induced endocytosis of sst3 depends on its interaction with beta-arrestin, involves the adaptor protein complex 2 and proceeds via clathrin coated vesicles to the recycling compartment.
Molecular basis of priming-induced acquired tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in plants (2022)

The growth, survival, and productivity of plants are constantly challenged by diverse abiotic stresses. When plants are exposed to stress for the first time, they can capture molecular information and store it as a form of memory, which enables them to competently and rapidly respond to subsequent stress(es). This process is referred to as a priming-induced or acquired stress response. In this review, we discuss how (i) the storage and retrieval of the information from stress memory modulates plant physiological, cellular, and molecular processes in response to subsequent stress(es), (ii) the intensity, recurrence, and duration of priming stimuli influences the outcomes of the stress response, and (iii) the varying responses at different plant developmental stages. We highlight current understanding of the distinct and common molecular processes manifested at the epigenetic, (post-)transcriptional, and post-translational levels mediated by stress-associated molecules and metabolites, including phytohormones. We conclude by emphasizing how unravelling the molecular circuitry underlying diverse priming-stimuli-induced stress responses could propel the use of priming as a management practice for crop plants. This practice, in combination with precision agriculture, could aid in increasing yield quantity and quality to meet the rapidly rising demand for food.
Interfacial Behavior of Goat Kappa Casein: Ellipsometry and Atomic Force Microscopy Study (2002)

We have studied the properties of goat kappa casein at the air/liquid interface by ellipsometry, surface pressure measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The adsorption of Kappa caseins aggregated in micelle in solution occurs with rather low diffusion coefficient of 0.45*10-10 m2/s. The layer seems to be stable at the interface without drastic change in the micellar structure whose diameter observed by AFM is around 25 nm. By increasing the temperature, uni-dimentional lateral interactions occur between micelles and at 50°C structures like filaments formed.
X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Characterizations on PGM‐Free Electrocatalysts: Justification, Advantages, and Limitations (2018)

Transition metals embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon matrices (denoted as M-N-C) are the leading platinum group metal (PGM)-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid, and are the most promising candidates for replacing platinum in practical devices such as fuel cells. Two of the long-standing puzzles in the field are the nature of active sites for the ORR and the reaction mechanism. Poor understanding of the structural and mechanistic basis for the exceptional ORR activity of M-N-C electrocatalysts impedes rational design for further improvements. Recently, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been successfully implemented to shed some light on these two issues. In this context, a critical review is given to detail the contribution of XAS to the advancement of the M-N-C electrocatalysis to highlight its advantages and limitations.
Efficient Doherty Feed-forward Linear Power Amplifier for CDMA 2000 Base-Station Applications (2008)

This paper presents a design of high RF power amplifier using Doherty technique. The objective of this design is to improve the efficiency of a 40-W feed-forward linear power amplifier typically used in code division multiple access (CDMA) base-station applications. The proposed design uses two identical LDMOS FETs, one of which is biased in class AB mode for carrier amplifier and the other is biased in class B mode for peak amplifier. Simulation results with single carrier CDMA signal show S.47 % improvement in efficiency for the proposed design in comparison to a conventional class AB configuration. Both, the proposed design as well as the conventional design use feed-forward technique to meet the ACPR requirement at 40-W output power.
A global and resolution complete path planner for up to 6DOF robot manipulators (2002)

We present a resolution complete point to point path planner for up to 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) robot manipulators, based on a discretized configuration space (C-space) representation. The robot operates in an initially known workspace (W-space). Vision integration in an easy way makes the planner capable of dealing with initially unknown obstacles. Furthermore, a Kohonen map based reorganization of the C-space increases the resolution in collision free regions of the C-space and enables path finding even for difficult paths. Experiments with low on-line computation times (lying in the order of a fraction of a second to a few seconds) demonstrate the effectiveness of the planner.
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) and Its Ligands S100A8/A9 and High Mobility Group Box Protein 1 (HMGB1) Are Key Regulators of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2023)

Immunotherapies including checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have revolutionized cancer treatment for patients with certain cancers. However, these treatments are not effective for all cancers, and even for those cancers that do respond, not all patients benefit. Most cancer patients have elevated levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are potent inhibitors of antitumor immunity, and clinical and animal studies have demonstrated that neutralization of MDSCs may restore immune reactivity and enhance CBI and CAR-T immunotherapies. MDSCs are homeostatically regulated in that elimination of mature circulating and intratumoral MDSCs results in increased production of MDSCs from bone marrow progenitor cells. Therefore, targeting MDSC development may provide therapeutic benefit. The pro-inflammatory molecules S100A8/A9 and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and their receptor RAGE are strongly associated with the initiation and progression of most cancers. This article summarizes the literature demonstrating that these molecules are integrally involved in the early development, accumulation, and suppressive activity of MDSCs, and postulates that S100A8/A9 and HMGB1 serve as early biomarkers of disease and in conjunction with RAGE are potential targets for reducing MDSC levels and enhancing CBI and CAR-T immunotherapies.
CANDIDURIA AS AN EARLY MARKER OF DISSEMINATED INFECTION IN CRITICALLY ILL SURGICAL PATIENTS (1993)

The significance of candiduria in critically ill patients remains unclear. It may represent harmless colonization or a potentially life-threatening infection. We analyzed 47 patients in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) (trauma: 20, general surgery: 15, neurosurgery: 12) who had candiduria, defined by a colony count greater than 100,000/mL. Twenty-seven of these patients were studied retrospectively. Twenty were evaluated prospectively. All patients were receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacterial infections. Retrospective group: ten patients (group A) did not develop disseminated candidiasis, whereas 17 patients (group B) did. Group B had higher APACHE II scores on admission (13.4 +/- 7.8) and at the time of candiduria (13.7 +/- 4.4) when compared with group A [admission: 5.0 +/- 4.6; candiduria: 6.7 +/- 3.6 (p < 0.02)]. In group B, disseminated candidiasis was not diagnosed and treated until 9.9 +/- 4.4 days after development of candiduria. Prospective group: twenty patients with candiduria were treated with systemic fluconazole (group C) at the time of candiduria. The APACHE II scores of group C on admission (12.8 +/- 3.9) and at the time of candiduria (10.5 +/- 4.0) were comparable with those of group B. No patient in Group C developed disseminated candidiasis. The septic mortality rates of groups A, B, and C were 0%, 53%, and 5%, respectively (p < 0.05-0.0001). In patients exhibiting ongoing sepsis and organ failure (high APACHE scores), candiduria may be an early indicator of systemic infection. Diagnosis of disseminated infection and its treatment may be delayed if conventional criteria for candidiasis (positive blood cultures, multiple site isolation) are awaited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Temperatur‐ und Wasserverteilung bei der konvektiven Trocknung mittels Inline‐Magnetresonanztomographie (2006)

Abstract Mit Hilfe eines Konvektionstrockners ist die Trocknung von Lebensmitteln direkt in einem Magnetresonanztomographen möglich. Dabei können Wasserverteilungen innerhalb eines Trocknungsgutes inline und nicht‐invasiv erfasst werden. So lässt sich die ortsaufgelöste Trocknung verfolgen, und es können bestehende und neue Trocknungsmodelle evaluiert werden.
Immunochemical mapping of the conformation of human fibrinogen. The gamma 95-264 segment in inaccessible to antibody in native fibrinogen but progressively exposed by plasmic cleavage. (1981)

The accessibility of the gamma 95-264 sequence to specific antibody probes in the native fibrinogen molecule and its plasmic cleavage fragments have been investigated. The gamma 95-264 segment was generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the gamma chain and isolated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Rabbit antisera to this peptide and to gamma chain recognized at least five antigenic loci uniformly distributed throughout this segment. In primary binding assays, antibodies to gamma 95-264 bound gamma 95-264, free gamma chain, and fibrinogen fragment D, but not native fibrinogen. Also, gamma 95-264 was bound by antibodies to gamma chain and fibrinogen fragment D, but not by antibodies generated to native fibrinogen. Thus, the gamma 95-264 sequence was not accessible to antibody in the native structure. In competitive equilibrium radioimmunoassays, neither native fibrinogen nor highly soluble fibrinogen fraction I-9 inhibited the binding of gamma 95-264 by its antiserum or anti-gamma chain. With plasmic cleavage, however, the gamma 95-264 sequence became accessible to antibody and the series of fragments D greater than Y greater than D:E = X describes the relative reactivity of the gamma chain sequence in fibrinogen degradation products. Differential expression of gamma 95-264 antigenic loci was also observed with D fragments differing in molecular weight. Plasmic cleavage of cross-linked and noncross-linked fibrin generated D fragments which did not express gamma 95-264 as well as fibrinogen D derivatives, indicating that the D domains of fibrinogen and fibrin are immunochemically distinguishable. These findings indicate that the central segment of the gamma chain is inaccessible to antibody in native fibrinogen, but that proper surface orientation is achieved upon plasmic degradation.
Abstract 3918: Νovel small molecule modulators of the hotspot PIK3CA mutants identified by computational and experimental approaches (2019)

Kinases are intensely pursued as drug targets for cancer treatment. Usually, kinase inhibitors target the active center (ATP binding site). However, the similarity of this site across many kinases often results in non-selective inhibition. Accordingly, an alternative approach is being pursued for the identification of allosteric inhibitors targeting relatively less conserved binding sites, thus higher selectivity can be attained. PI3Kα is the most frequently mutated kinase in human cancers, with 80% of the mutations occurring in two hotspots of the PIK3CA gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of PI3Kα: 1) the H1047R mutation, which is found at the kinase (membrane binding) domain and 2) the E545K mutation, which is found at the helical domain (amino acid replacement with charge reversal). To assess the activation mechanisms of PIK3CA mutants, extensive microsecond Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to examine conformational differences between the wild type (WT) and mutant proteins. The MD results were used to predict alterations in the allosteric networks of the WT upon each of the mutation. Binding site analysis of allosteric action in the kinase domain identified cavities in the vicinity of the H1047R mutation and the membrane-binding region. Virtual screening and subsequent biochemical assays were used to identify several PI3Kα inhibitors acting at a micromolar concentration. The effect of the inhibitors on WT and H1047R mutant PI3Kα-membrane associations was subsequently studied by SPR experiments, which showed that these small molecules alter the protein-membrane affinity, unlike other known PI3Kα inhibitors such as wortmannin. It was also observed that the inhibitory concentration remained unchanged even under conditions of increased ATP concentration, indicating that these inhibitors are non-competitive. The most promising small molecules were further tested in vivo using xenografts and genetically modified mouse models. Micro PET/CT imaging of the tumors showed reduction in volume after treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of the xenografts showed reduction of proliferation and increase in apoptosis after treatment, in comparison to the controls. Details about the results with the E545K will be presented at the meeting.Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.Citation Format: Zoe Cournia, Paraskevi Gkeka, Hari Leontiadou, Ioannis Galdadas, Christina Athanasiou, Antriana Papadimitropoulou, Vasiliki Lazani, Maria Pavlaki, Bogos Agianian, Savvas Christoforidis, Argiris Efstratiadis. Νovel small molecule modulators of the hotspot PIK3CA mutants identified by computational and experimental approaches [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3918.
Connected OFCity: Technology Innovations for a Smart City Project [Invited] (2017)

Around the world, municipalities have been making substantial investments into broadband access infrastructure to accelerate the build-out of an urban phenomenon that has become known as a smart or connected city. At the 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference, a team contest, the Connected OFCity Challenge, was held to discuss the technological innovations and to examine dependencies and intricacies of a connected city project. The participants, four teams of experts coming from a cross-section of the industry, presented and defended their visions of future applications and innovative architecture and technologies to realize the interconnection. This paper provides a synthesis of the four competitive proposals offered for the contest and their ensuing discussions.
Expression of interleukin 1-like cytokine interleukin 33 and its receptor complex (ST2L and IL1RAcP) in human pancreatic myofibroblasts (2009)

IL33 and its receptor complex (ST2L and IL1RAcP) constitute a novel signalling system which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis.
Conical transducer for generation of acoustic waves in fluids (1983)

A conical transducer has been developed as an extension of the edge-bonded transducer. Surface waves on the inside of a conical radiator are used to launch longitudinal waves in fluids. This transducer offers a broad bandwidth and low sidelobe levels.
Abstract LB-73: Nuclear S100A4 is a novel prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (2010)

Abstract Background and Aims: Current staging classifications in colorectal cancer are not able to accurately predict patient outcome, and the need for novel prognostic markers is evident. S100A4 is a Ca2+-binding protein which promotes metastasis in several tumor types, and the aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic impact of S100A4 expression in colorectal cancer. Methods: 242 patients with curatively resected adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum were prospectively included in the study at the time of surgery. S100A4 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and associations with clinicopathological variables and patient outcome were investigated. Results: Nuclear expression of S100A4 was observed in 29% and cytoplasmic expression was observed in 64% of the tumors. In univariate analysis, nuclear S100A4 was a significant predictor of metastasis-free (P= .006) and overall survival (P= .01), whereas cytoplasmic S100A4 was not associated with patient outcome. In multivariate analysis, nuclear localization was associated with metastasis-free (P= .03) and overall survival (P= .02). Interestingly, the prognostic impact was largely confined to TNM stage II, and stage II patients with tumors expressing nuclear S100A4 had a similar prognosis as stage III patients. Conclusions: Nuclear expression of S100A4 is a novel prognostic marker in colorectal cancer, and the prognostic value in TNM stage II suggests that nuclear S100A4 could be used in the stratification of stage II patients for adjuvant treatment. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-73.
Evaluation of the pDR-1200 Real-Time Aerosol Monitor (2008)

The objective of this research was to characterize the ability of the pDR-1200 real-time aerosol monitor to measure aerosols of varying size, composition, and origin. Particle aspiration and transmission efficiency was characterized at airflow rates of 2 L/min, 5 L/min, and 10 L/min in a wind tunnel in both static and orientation-averaged configurations. At 10 L/min, the particle cut point for 50% penetration of particles through the device (d(50)) was approximately 6 micro m, while at 2 L/min and 5 L/min the d(50) was significantly larger, about 9 micro m (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in particle penetration efficiency between facing-the-wind and orientation-averaged configurations (p(avg) = 0.66). The pDR-1200 response factor, which is defined as the ratio the time-averaged, monitor-reported concentration to a gravimetric filter concentration measured directly downstream of the sensing zone, was evaluated for four aerosol types: Arizona road dust, background ambient aerosol, environmental tobacco smoke, and diesel particulate matter. These aerosols, each of varying refractive index and particle size distribution, produced significant changes in the measured response factor (p < 0.01). The pDR-1200 both overestimated and underestimated (up to a factor of 7) the gravimetrically determined aerosol concentration. These discrepancies further reinforce the need to calibrate the instrument in situ for each aerosol of interest. Inter-instrument variability was generally low for co-located monitors.