gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wheel/Rail Two-Point Contact Geometry With Back-of-Flange Contact (2007)

In this investigation, a numerical procedure that can be used for the three-dimensional analysis of wheel and rail contact geometry is developed using the constraint contact formulation. The locations of contact points are determined for given lateral and yaw displacements of a wheelset when one-point contact is considered for each wheel, while these two displacements are no longer independent when the two-point contact occurs. A systematic procedure for predicting the flange as well as the back-of-flange contact points is developed and used for the two-point contact analysis of wheel and rail. Numerical results that involve tread, flange, and back-of-flange contacts are presented in order to demonstrate the use of the contact algorithm developed in this investigation. In particular, the back-of-flange contact is discussed for assessing contact configurations of wheel and grooved rail in Light Rail Vehicle (LRV) applications.
Vaccines for a sustainable planet (2023)

The health of the planet is one objective of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Vaccines can affect not only human health but also planet health by reducing poverty, preserving microbial diversity, reducing antimicrobial resistance, and preventing an increase in pandemics that is fueled partly by climate change.
Supplementary Tables from A Diagnostic Biopsy-Adapted Immunoscore Predicts Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment and Selects Patients with Rectal Cancer Eligible for a Watch-and-Wait Strategy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables&lt;/p&gt;
CAX1, an H+/Ca2+ antiporter from Arabidopsis. (1996)

Reestablishment of the resting state after stimulus-coupled elevations of cytosolic-free Ca2+ requires the rapid removal of Ca2+ from the cytosol of plant cells. Here we describe the isolation of two genes, CAX1 and CAX2, from Arabidopsis thaliana that suppress a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that has a defect in vacuolar Ca2+ accumulation. Both genes encode polypeptides showing sequence similarities to microbial H+/Ca2+ antiporters. Experiments on vacuolar membrane-enriched vesicles isolated from yeast expressing CAX1 or CAX2 demonstrate that these genes encode high efficiency and low efficiency H+/Ca2+ exchangers, respectively. The properties of the CAX1 gene product indicate that it is the high capacity transporter responsible for maintaining low cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentrations in plant cells by catalyzing pH gradient-energized vacuolar Ca2+ accumulation.
An improved tracking framework for ultrasound probe localization in image-guided radiosurgery (2016)

Abstract Real-time target localization with ultrasound holds high potential for image guidance and motion compensation in radiosurgery due to its non-invasive image acquisition free from ionizing radiation. However, a two-step localization has to be performed when integrating ultrasound into the existing radiosurgery workflow. In addition to target localization inside the ultrasound volume, the probe itself has to be localized in order to transform the target position into treatment room coordinates. By adapting existing camera calibration tools, we have developed a method to extend the stereoscopic X-ray tracking system of a radiosurgery platform in order to locate objects such as marker geometries with six degrees of freedom. The calibration was performed with 0.1 mm reprojection error. By using the full area of the flat-panel detectors without pre-processing the extended software increased the tracking volume and resolution by up to 80%, substantially improving patient localization and marker detectability. Furthermore, marker-tracking showed sub-millimeter accuracy and rotational errors below 0.1°. This demonstrates that the developed extension framework can accurately localize marker geometries using an integrated X-ray system, establishing the link for the integration of real-time ultrasound image guidance into the existing system.
Graphene plasmons: Impurities and nonlocal effects (2018)

This work analyzes how impurities and vacancies on the surface of a graphene sample affect its optical conductivity and plasmon excitations. The disorder is analyzed in the self-consistent Green's function formulation and nonlocal effects are fully taken into account. It is shown that impurities modify the linear spectrum and give rise to an impurity band whose position and width depend on the two parameters of our model, the density and the strength of impurities. The presence of the impurity band strongly influences the electromagnetic response and the plasmon losses. Furthermore, we discuss how the impurity-band position can be obtained experimentally from the plasmon dispersion relation and discuss this in the context of sensing.
Role of anti-HLA antibodies in allograft rejection (2007)

Purpose of review To review the clinical significance of antibody-mediated rejection in solid-organ transplantation. Recent findings Antibody-mediated rejection has been demonstrated in all solid organ allografts including kidneys, hearts, lung, liver, and pancreas. Antibody-mediated rejection has been classified into subclinical, early acute, late acute and chronic; and can exist either in pure or, more often, in mixed cellular–humoral forms. Vascular C4d deposition is considered highly indicative of antibody-mediated rejection. With the introduction of single-antigen assays (solid-phase and cell lines), the sensitivity of anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloantibody detection against novel HLA epitopes has significantly improved. Furthermore, the current virtual cross-match protocols have remarkably reduced the incidence of hyperacute rejection. Summary Antibody-mediated rejection defined by the presence of circulating alloantibodies, capillary damage, and complement activation is a strong predictor of allograft failure in solid organ transplantation. The characteristics of allo-antibody (specificity, isotype, class, titer) and the pattern of complement deposition (focal/diffuse, early/late) are important variables in managing patients with antibody-mediated rejection. The choice of appropriate therapeutic protocols, however, is highly dependent on the diagnosis of pure or mixed forms of antibody-mediated rejection.
Structural and Chemical Investigation of Annealed Al2O3 Films for Interpoly Dielectric Application in Flash Memories (2006)

One of the candidates for the Oxyde-Nitride-Oxyde replacement in next generations Flash Non Volatile Memories is aluminum oxide deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition, which guarantees excellent film conformality, a feasible dielectric constant and low leakage current (1). Al2O3 films are grown in an ALD reactor at 300{degree sign}C using Trimethylaluminium and H2O as precursors. The impact of NH3 and O2 post deposition treatments on Al2O3 thermal stability up to N2 Rapid Thermal Process (RTP) at 1030{degree sign}C has been investigated. After RTP, while the O2 treatment prevents N incorporation and does not induce any crystallographic modification of the Al2O3 layer, the NH3 treatment causes an increase of the N content in the film and induces a reduction of the preferential orientation of the crystallized Al2O3 grains. Actually, the crystallization on set temperature is shifted to higher temperatures when Al2O3 is exposed to NH3 treatment before RTP.
IC Interconnect Analysis (2002)

As integrated circuit (IC) feature sizes scaled below a quarter of a micron, thereby defining the deep submicron (DSM) era, there began a gradual shift in the impact on performance due to the metal interconnections among the active circuit components. Once viewed as merely parasitics in terms of their relevance to the overall circuit behavior, the interconnect can now have a dominant impact on the IC area and performance. Beginning in the late 1980's there was significant research toward better modeling and characterization of the resistance, capacitance and ultimately the inductance of on-chip interconnect. IC Interconnect Analysis covers the state-of-the-art methods for modeling and analyzing IC interconnect based on the past fifteen years of research. This is done at a level suitable for most practitioners who work in the semiconductor and electronic design automation fields, but also includes significant depth for the research professionals who will ultimately extend this work into other areas and applications. IC Interconnect Analysis begins with an in-depth coverage of delay metrics, including the ubiquitous Elmore delay and its many variations. This is followed by an outline of moment matching methods, calculating moments efficiently, and Krylov subspace methods for model order reduction. The final two chapters describe how to interface these reduced-order models to circuit simulators and gate-level timing analyzers respectively. IC Interconnect Analysis is written for CAD tool developers, IC designers and graduate students
Multi-channel PSD estimators for speech dereverberation - A theoretical and experimental comparison (2015)

In this paper we perform an extensive theoretical and experimental comparison of two recently proposed multi-channel speech dereverberation algorithms. Both of them are based on the multi-channel Wiener filter but they use different estimators of the speech and reverberation power spectral densities (PSDs). We first derive closedform expressions for the mean square error (MSE) of both PSD estimators and then show that one estimator - previously used for speech dereverberation by the authors - always yields a better MSE. Only in the case of a two microphone array or for special spatial distributions of the interference both estimators yield the same MSE. The theoretically derived MSE values are in good agreement with numerical simulation results and with instrumental speech quality measures in a realistic speech dereverberation task for binaural hearing aids.
A novel intelligent chromo capsule endoscope for the diagnosis of neoplastic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract (2022)

We successfully integrated ICI into the capsule endoscope. The ICCE is an innovative and useful tool for differential diagnosis based on contrast-enhanced images and thus has great potential as a superior diagnostic tool for early GI tumor detection.
Proportional-share scheduling for distributed storage systems (2007)

Fully distributed storage systems have gained popularity in the past few years because of their ability to use cheap commodity hardware and their high scalability. While there are a number of algorithms for providing differentiated quality of service to clients of a centralized storage system, the problem has not been solved for distributed storage systems. Providing performance guarantees in distributed storage systems is more complex because clients may have different data layouts and access their data through different coordinators (access nodes), yet the performance guarantees required are global. This paper presents a distributed scheduling framework. It is an adaptation of fair queuing algorithms for distributed servers. Specifically, upon scheduling each request, it enforces an extra delay (possibly zero) that corresponds to the amount of service the client gets on other servers. Different performance goals, e.g., per storage node proportional sharing, total service proportional sharing or mixed, can be met by different delay functions. The delay functions can be calculated at coordinators locally so excess communication is avoided. The analysis and experimental results show that the framework can enforce performance goals under different data layouts and workloads. 1
High reliability design Ag sinter joining on softened Ni-P /Pt/Ag metallization substrate during harsh thermal cycling (2023)

The demand using power electronics technology of wide bandgap (WBG) power semiconductors such as SiC and GaN has increased for high output density and high temperature for power converters. At present, the use of silver (Ag)-based sinter die attached bonding technology is mainly being considered for high-temperature operation. However, recently, a bonding structure by Ag sintered on a DBC (Direct Bonded Copper) substrate, a large wavy deformation was generated on the Cu surface of DBC, and cracks were generated at the vertical direction from inside the Ag sintered layer during a harsh thermal cycle test. In this study, in order to improve the reliability of Ag sinter joint structure, a softened low phosphorus electroless Ni-P/Pt /Ag plating layers on DBC was applied, and bonding with Ag sinter paste in low temperature pressure less condition. The bonding interface and interface evolution was analyzed as bonded and a thermal shock test from -50°C to 250°C. The shear strength slightly decreased after the thermal shock test of 100 cyc and 500 cyc, but the development of the softened electroless Ni-P/Pt /Ag plated substrate that does not form cracks and suppresses the undulating deformation of the substrate surface. The shear strength also was improved after thermal shock test comparing with a hard medium phosphorus electroless Ni-P case. A possible deterioration mechanism was proposed based on the SEM observation of the cross-sectional of sinter Ag joint structure after shock thermal test.
Conditions for spin squeezing in a cold<sup>87</sup>Rb ensemble (2005)

Quantum Optics<br /> Udgivelsesdato: 15 Nov.
A Newly Developed Self-Bonded SiC Refractory (2013)

Based on SiC aggregate, SiC powder and ultra-fine SiC powder as the main starting materials and B 4 C as additive, the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material was pressed and fired at 2200°C for 10 hours in Ar environment in the high-temperature furnace. The phase composition and microstructure were investigated. In the paper, traditional self-bonded SiC material and Si3N4-bonded SiC material were taken for comparison with the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material in terms of strength, thermal conductivity, cryolite resistance, molten alkali resistance and oxidation resistance etc. The results show that the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material contains 98.42% α-SiC and presents obvious higher thermal conductivity than traditional self-bonded SiC material and much better cryolite resistance, molten alkali resistance and oxidation resistance than traditional self-bonded SiC and Si3N4-bonded SiC materials.
Reduction of Tin Oxide by Hydrogen Radicals (1998)

The effect of a reducing hydrogen ambient on textured tin oxide thin films on glass substrates has been investigated. Hydrogen treatments were done at 230 and 430 °C by hot wire (HW) and rf plasma-decomposed hydrogen with pure H2 as source gas. By these treatments the possible reduction of the substrate during the deposition of a-Si:H for solar cells is simulated. Ion beam techniques revealed that the exposure to HW-decomposed H-radicals leads to the formation of a tin-rich surface layer of 40 nm in 1 min at both 230 and at 430 °C. The loss of oxygen is higher for the high-temperature treatment. The optical transmission at a wavelength of 800 nm is reduced from 80% to less than 20%, while the sheet resistance increases from 6 to 8 Ω/□. At both temperatures the reduction of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) by a HW-treatment occurs faster than by rf plasma-decomposed H. The H radical concentration, which is higher for the HW-decomposed hydrogen as compared to rf plasma-decomposed hydrogen, is the most important factor in determining the rate of the reduction process. For short exposures to H radicals, the transparency and conductivity of the tin oxide may be completely restored by means of reoxidation in air at 400 °C. In contrast, prolonged exposure to H-radicals induces irreversible loss of transparency and conductivity, concomitant with formation of granule-like particles of metallic tin on the surface. A thin plasma-deposited a-Si:H-layer was found to effectively protect the FTO-layer against reduction due to HW-generated H-radicals.
Trapping of Au in Si during pulsed laser irradiation: A comparison with ion beam induced segregation (1988)

Liquid phase nonequilibrium segregation and trapping of Au in Si induced by Q-switched laser irradiation are reported. Depending on the incident laser energy density, irradiation results in either amorphization or recrystallization of a near surface layer. In the latter case, at interface velocities of 9 m/s, the segregation coefficient is 0.1±0.02 and Au is trapped in near-substitutional lattice sites at concentrations of 0.5 at. %. These results are compared with recent data on solid phase, ion beam induced segregation, where Au at the amorphous-crystal interface is trapped on nonunique lattice sites.
Growth, metabolism, and blood pressure disturbances during aging in transgenic rats with altered brain renin-angiotensin systems (2005)

Transgenic rats with targeted decreased glial expression of angiotensinogen (ASrAogen rats) did not show an increase in systolic pressure compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats during aging (15-69 wk of age). ASrAogen animals had lower body weights throughout the study, similar to reports for animals with systemic knockout of angiotensinogen or treated long term with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers. Further characterization of indexes of growth and metabolism in ASrAogen rats compared with (mRen2)27 and SD rats, which express elevated versus normal brain and tissue angiotensin II levels, respectively, revealed that serum leptin was 100-200% higher in SD and (mRen2)27 rats at 46 wk and 69 wk of age. Consistent with low serum leptin, ASrAogen rats had higher food intake (73%) compared with SD or (mRen2)27 rats. (mRen2)27 rats had higher resting insulin levels than ASrAogen rats at all ages. Insulin levels were constant during aging in ASrAogen rats, whereas an increase occurred in SD rats, leading to higher insulin levels at 46 and 69 wk of age compared with ASrAogen rats. IGF-1 was comparable among strains at all ages, but (mRen2)27 rats had longer and ASrAogen rats had shorter tail lengths versus SD rats at 15 wk of age. In conclusion, reduced expression of glial angiotensinogen blunts the age-dependent rise in insulin levels and weight gain, findings that mimic the effects of long-term systemic blockade of the RAS or systemic knockout of angiotensinogen. These data implicate glial angiotensinogen in the regulation of body metabolism as well as hormonal mechanisms regulating blood pressure.
Preparation of 8-phenylmenthol and its diastereomer, 2-epi,ent-8-phenylmenthol. A caveat (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 8-phenylmenthol and its diastereomer, 2-epi,ent-8-phenylmenthol. A caveatJames K. Whitesell, Chi Ling Liu, Charles M. Buchannan, Hwang Hsing Chen, and Mark A. MintonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 4, 551–553Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00354a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00354a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views630Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Race is Not an Independent Risk Factor for Poor Outcomes in Clostridium difficile Infection (2012)

Purpose: To determine if race is a predictor of poor C. difficile infection (CDI) outcomes, as measured by rates of colectomy and death. Methods: Demographic and clinical data for all admissions to Rhode Island Hospital (RIH) from January 1st 2006 to December 31st 2010 were collected. All CDI cases during this period were reviewed to determine age, gender, race, mode of acquisition [hospital-acquired (HA), healthcare-associated (HCA), or community-acquired (CA)], need for colectomy, and death. Poor outcome was defined as CDI in a patient who underwent colectomy and/or died during the same hospitalization. We performed bivariate analyses of CDI cases with or without poor outcome by age, gender, mode of acquisition, relapse status, and race. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine if race was an independent predictor of poor outcome. Results: There were 142,122 admissions to RIH. Of these, 82% were white, while 9% were black. Over the same time period, there were 2,109 cases of CDI in 1,951 unique patients. The mean (±SD) age of CDI patients was 68 (±18). Of the CDI cases, 86% occurred in whites and 8% in blacks. CDI acquisition was HA in 59%, HCA in 13%, and CA in 28%. Colectomy occurred in 42 patients (2%). There were 318 deaths (15%). Whites had a significantly higher proportion of CDI cases when compared to overall RIH admissions (86% vs. 82%, p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the proportions of black CDI cases and overall black admissions (8% vs. 9%, p=0.7). A subgroup analysis of CDI relapsers vs. non-relapsers revealed no significant differences in age, gender, or race. Individuals who died were significantly older than survivors (74±14 vs. 67±19, p<0.001). There were significant differences in mortality by mode of acquisition, with HA and HCA infections resulting in death in 18% and 17% of cases, respectively, while CA infection had a lower mortality rate of 8% (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in colectomy rate between blacks and whites (3% vs. 2%, p=0.7). Similarly, there was no significant difference in mortality between blacks and whites (13% vs. 15%, p=0.4). In a multiple logistic regression model, accounting for age and mode of acquisition, black race was neither protective against nor a risk factor for a poor outcome (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.7). Conclusion: White individuals may contract CDI more frequently than would be expected from their proportion of overall hospital admissions. However, race does not appear to be an independent predictor of poor CDI outcomes. As shown in previous studies, both age and mode of acquisition are associated with poor outcomes in CDI.
A Novel<i>CACNA1F</i>Gene Mutation Causes Aland Island Eye Disease (2007)

Mutations in CACNA1F are known to cause the incomplete form of X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB2). Since the clinical picture of AIED is quite similar to CSNB2, it has long been discussed whether these disorders are allelic or form a single entity. The present study clearly indicates that AIED is also caused by a novel CACNA1F gene mutation.
Supplementary Table 1 from An &lt;i&gt;ERG&lt;/i&gt; Enhancer–Based Reporter Identifies Leukemia Cells with Elevated Leukemogenic Potential Driven by ERG-USP9X Feed-Forward Regulation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1&lt;/p&gt;