gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freeze-FRESH: A 3D Printing Technique to Produce Biomaterial Scaffolds with Hierarchical Porosity (2020)

Tissues are organized in hierarchical structures comprised of nanoscale, microscale, and macroscale features. Incorporating hierarchical structures into biomaterial scaffolds may enable better resemblance of native tissue structures and improve cell interaction, but it is challenging to produce such scaffolds using a single conventional scaffold production technique. We developed the Freeze-FRESH (FF) technique that combines FRESH 3D printing (3DP) and freeze-casting to produce 3D printed scaffolds with microscale pores in the struts. FF scaffolds were produced by extrusion 3DP using a support bath at room temperature, followed by freezing and lyophilization, then the FF scaffolds were recovered from the bath and crosslinked. The FF scaffolds had a hierarchical pore structure from the combination of microscale pores throughout the scaffold struts and macroscale pores in the printed design, while control scaffolds had only macroscale pores. FF scaffolds frozen at -20 °C and -80 °C had similar pore sizes, due to freezing in the support bath. The -20 °C and -80 °C FF scaffolds had porous struts with 63.55% ± 2.59% and 56.72% ± 13.17% strut porosity, respectively, while control scaffolds had a strut porosity of 3.15% ± 2.20%. The -20 °C and -80 °C FF scaffolds were softer than control scaffolds: they had pore wall stiffness of 0.17 ± 0.06 MPa and 0.23 ± 0.05 MPa, respectively, compared to 1.31 ± 0.39 MPa for the control. The FF scaffolds had increased resilience in bending compared with control. FF scaffolds supported MDA-MB-231 cell growth and had significantly greater cell numbers than control scaffolds. Cells formed clusters on the porous struts of FF scaffolds and had similar morphologies as the freeze cast scaffolds. The FF technique successfully introduced microscale porosity into the 3DP scaffold struts to produce hierarchical pore structures that enhanced MDA-MB-231 growth.
Nozzle tip wetting in gasoline direct injection injector and its link with nozzle internal flow (2019)

Fuel film in the gasoline direct injection injector tip, or so-called nozzle tip wetting, has been found to be an important contributor of particle emissions. Attempts have been made to reduce the nozzle tip wetting by optimizing nozzle geometry designs. However, the inherent mechanism of the nozzle tip wetting formation and its link with nozzle internal flow is still unclear yet due to the lack of direct observations. To overcome this insufficiency, the nozzle internal flow and the formation process of the nozzle tip wetting were visualized in the real-scale aluminum nozzles using the X-ray phase-contrast technique. Results showed that the needle bouncing, injection pressure, and hole configuration affect the formation of the nozzle tip wetting, while the influence of needle bouncing is the most critical. A further study was conducted to examine the effect of nozzle counterbore diameter on the nozzle tip wetting. It was found that with an increase in counterbore diameter, the nozzle tip wetting slightly increased first and then decreased sharply after the counterbore diameter exceeded 0.40 mm. The mechanisms of the aforementioned phenomena were discussed in detail, which can contribute to the better understandings and control strategies of nozzle tip wetting.
Electrically Driven Ion Separations in Permeable Membranes (2017)

Membranes are attractive for a wide range of separations due to their low energy costs and continuous operation. To achieve practical fluxes, most membranes consist of a thin, selective skin on a highly permeable substrate that provides mechanical strength. Thus, this project focused on creating new methods for forming highly selective ultrathin skins as well as modeling transport through these coatings to better understand their unprecedented selectivities. The research explored both gas and ion separations, and the latter included transport due to concentration, pressure and electrical potential gradients. This report describes a series of highlights of the research and then provides a complete list of publications supported by the grant. These publications have been cited more than 4000 times. Perhaps the most stunning finding is the recent discovery of monovalent/divalent cation and anion selectivities around 1000 when modifying cation- and anion-exchange membranes with polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). This discovery builds on many years of exciting research. (Citation numbers refer to the journal articles in the bibliography.)
Experimental Evidence of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> Electron-Gas Rashba Interaction Induced by Asymmetric Orbital Hybridization (2022)

We report the control of Rashba spin-orbit interaction by tuning asymmetric hybridization between Ti orbitals at the LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interface. This asymmetric orbital hybridization is modulated by introducing a LaFeO_{3} layer between LaAlO_{3} and SrTiO_{3}, which alters the Ti-O lattice polarization and traps interfacial charge carriers, resulting in a large Rashba spin-orbit effect at the interface in the absence of an external bias. This observation is verified through high-resolution electron microscopy, magnetotransport and first-principles calculations. Our results open hitherto unexplored avenues of controlling Rashba interaction to design next-generation spin orbitronics.
Towards longwave infrared tunable filters for multispectral thermal imaging applications (2014)

Many thermal imaging applications stand to gain from the inclusion of multispectral capabilities in the long wave infrared (LWIR). While infrared spectral imaging systems presently exist, the addition of multispectral capabilities will provide a number of advantages, including the ability to accurately quantify the temperature distribution a scene, and the potential for dramatically improved target identification using spectral processing algorithms. We report here on our microspectrometer technology, based on electrically tuneable Fabry-Perot filters, which is moving towards implementation in the LWIR (8 -12 micron wavelength) for multispectral thermal imaging applications.
OC-066 Toll like receptor 4 antagonist prevents acetaminophen induced acute liver failure in mice: a novel therapeutic strategy (2012)

Introduction Without transplantation, about 40% of patients with acute liver failure (ALF) die. Its treatment is an unmet need. Unregulated inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis. Our hypothesis is that Toll like receptor 4 (TLR 4) is critical in the progression of inflammation in ALF. The aims of the study were to determine whether (1) administration of a novel TLR4 antagonist to an acetaminophen (APAP) model of ALF in mice would prevent liver injury. (2) TLR4 antagonist in ALF prolongs survival. (3) TLR4 KO are protected from the liver injury induced by APAP. Methods Study 1 : 3 groups of CD1 mice were studied (n=6 in each group) Naive, APAP, 500 mg/kg single dose IP after overnight fasting). APAP+TLR4 antagonist, STM28 (Osaka, Japan); 20 μg IP, 1 h prior to administration of APAP and 6 h late). Study 2 : 3 groups of C57BL/6 mice were studied (n=6) in each group. Naive, APAP (500 mg/kg single dose IP), APAP+TLR4 antagonist; IAXO (Innaxon) 3 mg/kg IP, 1 h prior to administration of APAP and 6 h later. Study 3: C57BL/6 TLR4 KO were administered APAP 500 mg/kg and the respective naive controls were administered 500 mg/kg of saline. Biochemistry was measured using COBAS integra, Cytokines in plasma and tissue homogenate of liver, kidney and brain were measured using ELISA bead array. Brain water was measured using the dry-wet weight method. Results Both the TLR4 antagonist's (STM28 and IAXO compound) reduced the plasma liver enzymes, ammonia and creatinine to the control level. The increase in the plasma TNF-α induced by APAP (45±3.2) was attenuated following TLR4 antagonist (20±2.3) (p&lt;0.01). This was associated with a reduction in brain water (p&lt;0.01). Both the TLR4 antagonists significantly reduced pericentral necrosis of the liver. Both these interventions showed an improvement in the survival as using the log rank test (p&lt;0.02). TLR4 KO mice treated with APAP were protected from liver necrosis and had significantly better survival than wild type controls (p&lt;0.002). Conclusion These data provides evidence for an important of TLR4 in APAP induced ALF and provide the rationale for a clinical trial of this strategy in ALF. Competing interests None declared.
NOVEL DETERMINATION OF VASCULAR PROPERTIES FROM BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS TAKEN AT DIFFERENT ARM HEIGHTS: PP.14.35 (2010)

Objectives: Assessing the methodology of using blood pressure (BP) variation at different arm cuff heights for the determination of the slope characterizing the linear relationship between systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), which was found to have prognostic significance when determined by 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. Methods: The study population included 46 healthy subjects: M/F 25/21; age 52 ± 15 year; BP 111 ± 16/61 ± 8 mmHg. BP was measured in the sitting position with an upper-arm cuff using a digital BP monitor. BP measurements (n = 7 to 9) performed consecutively at arm postures at 3–4 different cuff center heights varying between heart to head level. At each posture, the (flexed) arm was either self-supported (17 patients) or supported comfortably by a stand with an arm support adjustable at selectable levels (29 patients). Between measurements, the arm rested at the heart level for at least about 30 sec. The test duration was 15–20 minutes. Variability of SBP and DBP was expressed by the standard deviations of SBP, SDs, and DBP, SDd, respectively. Following the principles of symmetric regression analysis, SBP-on-DBP slope was estimated by SDs/SDd, called BP Variability Ratio (BPVR). Results: Mean ± SD of the BP variability range (twice the SD values) was 20 ± 6/16 ± 4 mmHg. SBP-DBP relationship was highly linear (r = 0.952 ± 0.036). SBP-on-DBP slope was 1.18 ± 0.28 with 5 ± 2% error of determination. Data were insensitive to the use of the stand. Conclusion: Measuring BP at different arm heights is a simple and fast way for determining the SBP-on-DBP slope. While BP variability range and determination accuracy is comparable to the 24-hour ambulatory-based method, the present method is relatively “instantaneous” regarding circulatory status and potentially applicable for non-dipping and short term response to interventions, performed in resting conditions and BP variability is created passively by gravitation, hence relative stability of the arterial factor. This could also enhance reproducibility. However, outcomes variation over time, comparability with ambulatory method and prognostic significance remains to be evaluated.
A stable protocol for the fabrication of transplantable human oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets for clinical application (2020)

We established a stable protocol for the fabrication of human oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets and their transportation in clinical settings in this study. These methodologies could also be basis for transplantation therapy using cultured cell sheets of various types other than oral mucosal epithelial cell and will contribute largely to the future development of regenerative medicine.
Characterization, properties, and processing of LaRC? PETI-5 as a high-temperature sizing material. I. FTIR studies on imidization and phenylethynyl end-group reaction behavior (2000)

The imidization and phenylethynyl end-group reaction behavior of phenylethynyl-terminated imide oligomers (LaRC™ PETI-5) with a number-average molecular weight of 2500 g/mol has been extensively interpreted in terms of the disappearance and appearance of several characteristic absorption peaks. Most characteristic FTIR absorption bands including the phenylethynyl end group occurring via imidization and cure during dynamic and isothermal heat treatments of LaRC™ PETI-5 were clearly resolved and assigned in the present study. The results give some information on temperature- and time-dependency of the cure of LaRC™ PETI-5, which may be useful for determining the processing conditions necessary for use as a high-temperature fiber-sizing material. This study also measures the extent of imidization and the activation energy of cure reaction of this material.
1217 Comparison of DX613 copper sulfate acidifier to a 5% copper sulfate footbath for prevention of digital dermatitis lesions in dairy cattle (2016)

Digital dermatitis (DD) is an infectious disease seriously plaguing the dairy industry. The gold standard for prevention is a copper sulfate footbath. Although this method is effective, the large quantities of product required and the negative environmental impacts of bath waste necessitates a search for alternatives. The objective of this study was to compare a 2.2% copper sulfate footbath with 325.31 mL of DX613 Acidifier (treatment; GEA Farm Technologies, Naperville, IL) to a 5% copper sulfate footbath (positive control) on the frequency and severity of DD. Footbaths were delivered via a split footbath (Intra Care Foot Bath, Diamond Hoof Care LTD Alberta, Canada), measuring 32.5 cm wide by 233 cm long, allowing for 80 L of solution per side. A metal coil separated the 2 footbaths to prevent cross contamination of solutions and decrease organic matter contamination. The left side of the bath served as the positive control and the right side served as the treatment. Baths were refreshed every 2 to 3 milkings, twice weekly. The study was conducted at the University of Kentucky Coldstream Dairy from November 11, 2015 to January 20, 2016. Holstein (n = 59) cows were housed in 2 freestall barns and balanced for parity and days in milk. The cows were exposed to the solutions on leaving the parlor after morning and afternoon milkings, 5 times per week. The DD lesions were scored biweekly using a M0 to M4 scoring system. A M0 score indicated no lesion (non-active lesions); M1 indicated small lesions (active lesions); M2 indicated large and potentially severe lesions (active lesions); M3 represented healing lesions (non-active lesions); and M4 represented chronic lesions (non-active lesions). The DD lesions were further separated into active lesions or non-active lesions for statistical analysis. A Chi-Square test calculated using the FREQUENCY procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) indicated no-significant difference between the two solutions (chi-square = 1.18, P = 0.56). Eleven percent of treatment cows had active lesions and 9% of positive control cows had active lesions. A McNemar's test indicated significant differences in the prevalence of lesions from the beginning to end of the study (treatment: P < 0.05, positive control: P < 0.01; Table 1). This concludes a comparable effectiveness of both solutions. Given the potential for reduced environmental impact, the DX613 Acidifier may be a viable alternative for dairy producers.
Aggregation of ligand-modified liposomes by specific interactions with proteins. II: Biotinylated liposomes and antibiotin antibody (1996)

The aggregation of biotinylated phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) cross-linked by antibiotin IgG was studied experimentally and theoretically. The liposomes were either low density liposomes that contained 0.4 mol% biotinylated phospholipid ( approximately 100 exposed biotin molecules per liposome), or high density liposomes that contained 2.7 mol% biotinylated phospholipid ( approximately 1000 exposed biotin molecules per liposome). The solution turbidity and mean particle size measured by quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS) were monitored throughout the aggregation. Three different lots of antibiotin antibodies, each with different association constants and binding heterogeneities, were used. The antibody binding characteristics affected the aggregation rates. The aggregation kinetics were analyzed using a model based on the Smoluchowski theory of aggregation, fractal concepts of aggregate microstructure, and Rayleigh and Mie light scattering theory. The experimental conditions of liposome concentration, protein concentration, and ligand density under which aggregation occurred correlated well with calculated sticking probabilities based on isotherms describing the adsorption of antibiotin antibody to the liposomes. These results are compared with prior observations made when avidin was used as the cross-linking protein.
Use of Ester as a Precursor to Clean Formate Drill-In Fluid Damage in Horizontal Wells (2009)

Summary Long horizontal and multilateral oil and gas wells provide an attractive option for maximizing reservoir contact. Formate-based brines have been used in drilling and completion operations for more than 10 years. Advantages of these fluids include high density, solid-free brines, better compatibility with XC polymer, starches, and less potential for formation damage. These advantages were reported in several previous publications. Filter cakes that are generated by drilling fluids can act as a barrier to the fluid flow in both cased and openhole wells. Calcium carbonate particles are frequently used as weighting material to maintain the pressure that is required for well control and minimizing leakoff rate. These solid particles become consolidated and trapped in a polymeric material, and this makes the filter cake a very effective permeability barrier. The conventional method for cleaning filter cake is by using solids-free formate brines, either by soaking or circulating for many hours at high flow rates. This mechanical technique removes only external filter cake. Chemical means like acids, oxidizers, chelating agents, enzymes, or combinations of these chemicals are usually used as an alternative method for dissolving both the external and internal filter cake. Most of these fluids cannot give a full coverage to the wellbore because of the formation heterogeneity. A new precursor (ester of an organic acid) can generate an acid downhole at a low release rate, which results in uniform fluid distribution through the wellbore. Compatibility and thermal stability tests between the precursor solution and formation brine were studied in detail. Return permeability experiments were conducted by using high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) dynamic fluid loss cells. The ester solution was effective in cleaning the filter cake in comparison to the formate brines. A field application, where formate brine was used to drill and complete a gas producer in a sandstone reservoir, is included in this paper. The gas well was drilled in a weakly consolidated reservoir and was completed with expandable sand screens (ESSs). The bottomhole temperature was 285°F. The produced gas contained 2–3 vol% carbon dioxide and no hydrogen sulfide. Full analysis of flowback samples indicated that most of the returned solids were calcium carbonate. Laboratory tests indicated that the ester solution can be used to restore well productivity by removing damage induced by the drilling mud filter cake.
Monolithic piezoelectric control of integrated soliton microcombs (2020)

We demonstrate piezoelectric actuators integrated on ultralow-loss Si 3 N 4 waveguides with MHz bandwidth, ultra-low power, bi-polar. The voltage applied on the actuator is used to tune the microresonator, initiate, switch, stabilize, tightly phase lock soliton microcombs. © 2020 The Author(s)
A Potential Association between Ribonuclease 1 Dynamics in the Blood and the Outcome in COVID-19 Patients (2023)

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is the most recent and well-known outbreak of a coronavirus. RNase 1 is a small endogenous antimicrobial polypeptide that possesses antiviral activity against viral diseases. In this study, we investigated a potential association between ribonuclease 1 and the outcome in COVID-19 patients and the impact of increased and decreased RNase 1 levels serum during the course of the disease. Therefore, two patient populations, Cohort A (<i>n</i> = 35) and B (<i>n</i> = 80), were subclassified into two groups, in which the RNase 1 concentration increased or decreased from time point one to time point two. We show that the RNase 1 serum levels significantly increased in the increasing group of both cohorts (<i>p</i> = 0.0171; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). We detect that patients in the increasing group who died had significantly higher RNase 1 serum levels at both time points in Cohort A (<i>p</i> = 0.0170; <i>p</i> = 0.0393) and Cohort B (<i>p</i> = 0.0253; <i>p</i> = 0.0034) than patients who survived. Additionally, we measured a significant correlation of RNase 1 serum levels with serum creatinine as well as creatinine clearance in the increasing and decreasing group at both time points of Cohort A. Based on these results, there is now good evidence that RNase 1 may play a role in renal dysfunction associated with ICU COVID-19 patients and that increasing RNase 1 serum level may be a potential biomarker to predict outcome in COVID-19 patients.
The Relation Between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms and Normal Tension Glaucoma (2017)

Our results indicates that eNOS rs2070744 can be associated with NTG patients with DH. This finding suggests that the eNOS polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor in the development of DH in NTG patients.
Age and Acute Ischemic Stroke Outcome in North American Patients With COVID‐19 (2021)

Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the context of COVID-19 has received considerable attention for its propensity to affect patients of all ages. We aimed to evaluate the effect of age on functional outcome and mortality following an acute ischemic event. Methods and Results A prospectively maintained database from comprehensive stroke centers in Canada and the United States was analyzed for patients with AIS from March 14 to September 30, 2020 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The primary outcome was Modified Rankin Scale score at discharge, and the secondary outcome was mortality. Baseline characteristics, laboratory values, imaging, and thrombectomy workflow process times were assessed. Among all 126 patients with COVID-19 who were diagnosed with AIS, the median age was 63 years (range, 27-94). There were 35 (27.8%) patients with AIS in the aged ≤55 years group, 47 (37.3%) in the aged 56 to 70 group, and 44 (34.9%) in the aged >70 group. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and thrombectomy rates were comparable across these groups, (<i>P</i>=0.331 and 0.212, respectively). There was a significantly lower rate of mortality between each group favoring younger age (21.9% versus 45.0% versus 48.8%, <i>P</i>=0.047). After multivariable adjustment for possible confounders, a 1-year increase in age was significantly associated with fewer instances of a favorable outcome of Modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95 CI%, 0.90-0.99; <i>P</i>=0.048) and higher mortality (OR, 1.06; 95 CI%, 1.02-1.10; <i>P</i>=0.007). Conclusions AIS in the context of COVID-19 affects young patients at much greater rates than pre-pandemic controls. Nevertheless, instances of poor functional outcome and mortality are closely tied to increasing age.
An Explicit Surface Potential Calculation and Compact Current Model for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2015)

In this letter, a new compact model for the AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors developed based on explicit solutions to the Fermi level and the surface potential is presented. Its simple calculation and high accuracy in predicting the surface potential and current-voltage characteristics make the model ideal for circuit simulation applications. This surface-potential-based compact model accounts for the self-heating effect by considering the temperature-dependent free-carrier mobility. The model is verified against numerical results and measured data under a wide range of bias conditions.