gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronous separation, seaming, sealing and sterilization (S4) using brazing for sample containerization and planetary protection (2018)

The return of samples back to Earth in future missions would require protection of our planet from the risk of bringing uncontrolled biological materials back with the samples. This protection would require “breaking the chain of contact (BTC)”, where any returned material reaching Earth for further analysis would have to be sealed inside a container with extremely high confidence. Therefore, the acquired samples would need to be contained while destroying any potential biological materials that may contaminate the external surface of the container. A novel process that could be used to contain returning samples has been developed and demonstrated in a quarter scale size. The process consists of brazing using non-contact induction heating that synchronously separates, seams, seals and sterilizes (S4) the container. The use of brazing involves melting at temperatures higher than 500&deg;C and this level of heating assures sterilization of the exposed areas since all carbon bonds (namely, organic materials) are broken at this temperature. The mechanism consists of a double wall container with inner and outer shells having Earth-clean interior surfaces. The process consists of two-steps, Step-1: the double wall container halves are fabricated and brazed (equivalent to production on Earth); and Step-2 is the S4 process and it is the equivalent to the execution on-orbit around Mars. In a potential future mission, the double wall container would be split into two halves and prepared on Earth. The potential on-orbit execution would consist of inserting the orbiting sample (OS) container into one of the halves and then mated to the other half and brazed. The latest results of this effort will be described and discussed in this manuscript.
Minimization of Analytical Injury Metrics for Head Impact Injuries (2012)

Countermeasures designed based only on HIC could differ significantly from those based on analytical injury measures computed by FE models. The use of multiple injury metrics is recommended given that no scalar measure seems to be positively and strongly correlated with relevant injury metrics.
Amorphized Defective Fullerene with a Single‐Atom Platinum for Room‐Temperature Hydrogen Storage (2023)

Abstract The search for hydrogen storage materials allowing the storage of hydrogen in its molecular or atomic form at room temperature to meet the multistage targets such as the US Department of Energy (DOE) ultimate gravimetric and volumetric capacities of 6.5 wt% and 50 kg m ‐3 is of global importance. Here, it is reported that an amorphized defective fullerene (C 60‐ x ) offers a promising solution to this challenge. C 60‐ x immobilized with single‐atom platinum has ≈14‐fold higher surface area accessible for CH bonds compared to a crystalline C 60 , and its micro/meso pores give a ≈20‐fold larger volume for fast hydrogen transport. Indeed, hydrogen storage via spillover on C 60‐ x through pressure swing at room temperature is experimentally demonstrated to enable high reversible gravimetric (6.8 wt%) and volumetric (64.9 kg m ‐3 ) capacities, hitherto the highest reversible capacities close to DOE targets at room temperature. Also, the density functional theory calculations show that a key to efficient hydrogen storage is the preservation of a curved sp 2 ‐type local carbon geometry for spillover, which holds H radicals loosely for fast hydrogen migration. Moreover, H‐atom diffusion on the intact region of C 60‐ x is faster than that on the defect region. Furthermore, excellent capacity retention is achieved over repeated hydrogen adsorption/desorption cycles.
Cloning and expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> of two additional amylase genes of a strictly anaerobic thermophile, <i>Dictyoglomus thermophilum</i>, and their nucleotide sequences with extremely low guanine‐plus‐cytosine contents (1988)

An obligately anaerobic and extremely thermophilic bacterium, Dictyoglomus thermophilum, produces multiple extracellular amylases. In addition to one of the amylase genes, amyA, which we previously cloned and characterized, we have cloned two additional genes, amyB and amyC, coding for amylases of this thermophile, into Escherichia coli and determined their nucleotide sequences. The two amylase genes were expressed under the control of E. coli promoters. Almost all activity was detected in the intracellular fraction in the E. coli cells. The molecular mass and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the AmyB enzyme, which was purified from an E. coli transformant containing the amyB gene, confirmed that the reading frame of amyB consisted of 562 amino acids (Mr 67,000). The molecular mass of the AmyC enzyme, estimated by activity staining of a crude extract of E. coli containing amyC, confirmed that AmyC consisted of 498 amino acids (Mr 59,000). The optimal temperatures for AmyB and AmyC activities on soluble starch were 80 degrees C and 70 degrees C, respectively. Both AmyB and AmyC showed a pH optimum of 5.5. AmyB and AmyC showed a different pattern of starch hydrolysis when examined by thin-layer chromatography. Some homology in the amino acid sequences with the functional regions of Taka-amylase A was found in both AmyB and AmyC. The codon usage in the amyA, amyB and amyC genes was highly biased, which reflects the fact that the guanine-plus-cytosine (G + C) content of DNA of D. thermophilum is 29 mol%. The distribution of G and C at each position of the codons was non-random; the G + C content of the first position of codons is significantly high, whereas that of the third position is somewhat low. In addition, codons consisting only of A and T were preferentially used in this thermophile.
Improved binding of SARS-CoV-2 Envelope protein to tight junction-associated PALS1 could play a key role in COVID-19 pathogenesis (2020)

The Envelope (E) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the most enigmatic protein among the four structural ones. Most of its current knowledge is based on the direct comparison to the SARS E protein, initially mistakenly undervalued and subsequently proved to be a key factor in the ER-Golgi localization and in tight junction disruption. We compared the genomic sequences of E protein of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and the closely related genomes of bats and pangolins obtained from the GISAID and GenBank databases. When compared to the known SARS E protein, we observed a significant difference in amino acid sequence in the C-terminal end of SARS-CoV-2 E protein. Subsequently, in silico modelling analyses of E proteins conformation and docking provide evidences of a strengthened binding of SARS-CoV-2 E protein with the tight junction-associated PALS1 protein. Based on our computational evidences and on data related to SARS-CoV, we believe that SARS-CoV-2 E protein interferes more stably with PALS1 leading to an enhanced epithelial barrier disruption, amplifying the inflammatory processes, and promoting tissue remodelling. These findings raise a warning on the underestimated role of the E protein in the pathogenic mechanism and open the route to detailed experimental investigations.
Lineage‐specific engraftment and outcomes after T‐cell‐depleted peripheral blood stem cell transplant with Flu/Cy/TBI conditioning (2005)

Sixty patients with haematological malignancies received a myeloablative regimen of total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide and fludarabine followed by a T-cell-depleted peripheral blood stem cell transplant from a human leucocyte antigen identical sibling. To improve donor immune function, 1 x 10(7) CD3+ cells/kg were added-back between d 45 and 100. T-cell and myeloid chimaerism were monitored regularly to evaluate the effect of T-cell chimaerism on outcome. The major factor affecting outcome was disease risk, with significantly lower relapse and higher survival in 29 standard risk (SR) patients compared with 31 patients at high risk (HR) for treatment failure (relapse 4.8 +/- 5% vs. 59 +/- 11%, P < 0.0001, and overall survival 93 +/- 5% vs. 39 +/- 10%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Donor myeloid chimaerism reached > or = 95% within 14 d of transplant, but in the first several months, donor T-cell chimaerism was frequently mixed. Full T-cell chimaerism was significantly more frequent in HR vs. SR patients. Landmark analysis at days 30 and 90 in HR patients with mixed versus full T-cell chimaerism, showed relapse probabilities of 50.5 +/- 14% vs. 70 +/- 16% (P = 0.62) and 34.4 +/- 20% vs. 58.8 +/- 15% (P = 0.32) respectively. Early full T-cell engraftment correlated with development of severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, mixed T-cell chimaerism was favourable for reducing GVHD, and did not affect relapse in this small series.
Analytic Solutions to the Heat Equation Involving a Moving Boundary with Applications to the Change of Phase Problem (the Inverse Stefan Problem) (1978)

Long time analytic solutions to the inverse Stefan problem are presented in Cartesian and spherical coordinates. This problem deals with the phase change of a substance with the boundary conditions specified at the moving boundary. The solutions, expressed in infinite series, facilitate the calculation of temperature and heat flux variations in the phase changing medium and at the interface with the heat source element. Applications of the present analysis are in aerospace engineering, e.g., controlled ablation of thermal shields; metallurgy, e.g., controlled casting; bioengineering, e.g., cryopreservation of tissues, and numerous applications in which a controlled change of phase of a substance is involved.
Active Fulminant Myocarditis Characterized by T-Lymphocytes Expressing the Gamma-Delta T-Cell Receptor: A New Disease Entity? (1997)

Lymphocytic myocarditis is thought to be a virus-induced disease. T cells expressing the alpha-beta T-cell receptor seem to play a central role in the pathogenesis and to mediate tissue injury in this disease. A case of active fulminant myocarditis is described, which was analyzed by immunohistochemical, molecular biologic, and serologic methods. Infiltration of the heart tissue predominantly by gamma-delta T cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. No evidence of viral disease could be obtained by in situ hybridization with different enterovirus-specific DNA probes; by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for enteroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, influenza A and B viruses, and cytomegaloviruses; or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electron microscopy. Because gamma-delta T cells may have an autoimmune capacity, we propose that these cells may trigger autoimmune myocarditis. These findings may be important in order to identify subgroups of patients who may benefit from immunosuppressive therapy.
Hot Corrosion of Lanthanum Zirconate and Partially Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings (2004)

The hot corrosion resistance of lanthanum zirconate and 8wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings produced by thermal spraying for use as thermal barriers on industrial gas turbines or in aerospace applications was evaluated. The two ceramic oxide coatings were exposed for various periods of time at temperatures up to 1000°C to vanadium- and sulfur-containing compounds, species often produced during the combustion of typical fuels used in these applications. Changes in the coatings were studied using a scanning electron microscope to observe the microstructure and x-ray diffraction techniques to analyze the phase composition. The results showed different behaviors for the two materials: the zirconia-based coating being rapidly degraded by the vanadium compounds and resistant to attack by the sulfur materials while the lanthanum zirconate was less damaged by exposure to vanadia but severely attacked in the presence of sulfur-containing species.
Chemical Sensing with Polyaniline Coated Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

A positive synergy: Single-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline (SWNT/PAni) nanocomposite with controlled core/shell morphology was synthesized by a noncovalent functionalization approach. Unique electron interactions between the SWNT core and the PAni shell were studied electrochemically and spectroscopically, and superior sensor performance to chemical gases and vapors was demonstrated.
The Epididymal Transcriptome and Proteome Provide Some Insights Into New Epididymal Regulations (2011)

Once shed from their fostering Sertoli cells, spermatozoa leave the testis and are transported passively by seminiferous fluid through the rete testis. Then, these immature cells enter the complex efferent duct system that is joined to the unique and convoluted epididymal duct. This epididymal duct, lined by a continuous layer of epithelial cells joined by tight junctions, is a tube several meters long (up to 60 m in domestic mammals) and forms an organ that is classically subdivided into 3 major anatomical regions: the head/caput, the corpus/body, and the tail/cauda. Spermatozoa travel throughout the duct for several days to weeks, depending on the species, and may be stored for even longer periods in the cauda part of the epididymis and vas deferens. During their journey the proportion of potentially "mature" spermatozoa increases, but it is only when they reach the cauda epididymidis that almost all spermatozoa have acquired their natural fertilizing ability, which involves progressive motility, the ability to undergo the postejaculatory events (capacitation and hyperactivation), and the capacity to recognize and to bind to the oocyte investments and egg plasma membrane. Recent secretomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies have provided new information on the functions and the regionalization of the epididymis and revealed some insights into the complexity of epididymal fluid. Among genes and proteins highly expressed by this tissue, many have roles related to sperm protection (such as oxidation), but a large number of new compounds related to innate immunity have also been discovered. This review will focus on possible new control mechanisms that these studies have suggested for this tissue.
Upgrading of Anisole in a Catalytic Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Reactor (2013)

A new strategy for bio-oils upgrading with a catalytic pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor was investigated for the conversion of anisole, a compound representative of the bio-oils formed by pyrolysis of lignin. The anisole conversion was measured with plasma alone and also in the presence of Al2O3 and various Al2O3-supported catalysts, leading to the formation of benzene, phenol, 4-methylanisole, 2-methylanisole, 4-methylphenol, 2-methylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and cyclohexane. Results are presented in the form of specific input energy (SIE), anisole conversion, and product selectivities. The conversion decreased in the following order when these catalysts were used: Mo–Ni/Al2O3 > Pt/Al2O3 > Co–Mo/Al2O3 > Pt–Re/Al2O3 > Al2O3. The conversion increased with increasing mass of the Mo–Ni/Al2O3 catalyst and with increasing voltage; the highest anisole conversion (0.81) was observed with this catalyst, and the conversion under comparable conditions without a catalyst was 0.43. The predominant product was 4-methylanisole. Catalyst deactivation was minimized by the plasma.
Green algae <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> possess endogenous sialylated N‐glycans (2011)

Green algae have a great potential as biofactories for the production of proteins. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a representative of eukaryotic microalgae, has been extensively used as a model organism to study light-induced gene expression, chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthesis, light perception, cell-cell recognition, and cell cycle control. However, little is known about the glycosylation machinery and N-linked glycan structures of green algae. In this study, we performed mass spectrometry analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides released from total extracts of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and demonstrated that C. reinhardtii algae possess glycoproteins with mammalian-like sialylated N-linked oligosaccharides. These findings suggest that C. reinhardtii may be an attractive system for expression of target proteins.
Edgewood Biosensors Test Bed Hand-held and Man-Portable Edition (2013)

Abstract : This Biosensors Test Bed Report was funded by the Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JPEO-CBD) Joint Program Manager (JPM) - Transformational Medical Technologies (now JPM C Medical Countermeasure Systems) to provide program managers and other acquisition decision makers with a comprehensive snapshot of commercially available biosensors that may be applied to biological agent detection and identification. Importantly, the actual performance of the systems in the hands of both dedicated laboratory personnel and field end \users was assessed. Commercial off-the-shelf and advanced concept biological agent identifiers were directly compared against a broad set of conditions and criteria in order to benchmark the current state of biodetection hardware. In addition, we hope this study provides data for existing and future DoD acquisitions and is applicable in biodefense programs throughout the United States Government. The information in this report was gathered using online surveys completed by the vendors, laboratory testing, and end \user assessments in relevant field environments. The data was analyzed using an adjustable scoring matrix specific to the needs of JPEO-CBD.
Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy for Imaging Magnetic Fields from a Perpendicular Ferromagnetic Stripe Domain Thin Film (2015)

Perpendicular magnetic thin films, widely used high density storage media, need further improvement in order to meet the increasing demand for data storage. To study them, it is important to understand both the microstructure and magnetic properties. One useful technique to study such films is magnetic force microscopy (MFM) However, MFM can only detect magnetic information of a material with no structural information such as grain structure.
Nonresonant Background Suppression in Broadband Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy (2007)

Suppression of the nonresonant background in vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) in the broadband multiplex configuration is achieved using a time-asymmetric pulse, created by passing a femtosecond pulse through a Fabry−Perot étalon, to temporally discriminate between the faster nonresonant and slower resonant contributions. A mixed time and frequency domain explanation of the SFG process is presented, and spectra with high time resolutions and high degrees of nonresonant background suppression are obtained using self-assembled alkanethiolate monolayers on Au.
3D Photoelectrode for Dye Solar Cells Realized by Laser Micromachining of Photosensitive Glass (2014)

An explorative dye solar cell architecture based on the implementation of a 3D micropatterned photoelectrode is disclosed here. An array of conical micropillars has been realized by laser micromachining of photosensitive glass which has been advantageously used as a substrate for deposition of a thin transparent conductive layer and a thick mesoporous TiO2 electrode. A significantly higher photocurrent density has been detected as an effect of the extended overall absorbing area of the micropatterned photoelectrode with respect to a conventional 2D reference photoelectrode. This enhancement can also be partially imputable to a not negligible “waveguide effect” occurring within the glass micropillars.
Bayesian space-frequency separation of wide-band sound sources by a hierarchical approach (2012)

This paper proposes an efficient solution to the separation of uncorrelated wide-band sound sources which overlap each other in both space and frequency domains. The space-frequency separation is solved in a hierarchical way by (1) expanding the sound sources onto a set of spatial basis functions whose coefficients become the unknowns of the problem (backpropagation step) and (2) blindly demixing the coefficients of the spatial basis into uncorrelated components relating to sources of distinct physical origins (separation step). The backpropagation and separation steps are both investigated from a Bayesian perspective. In particular, Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling is advocated to obtain Bayesian estimates of the separated sources. Separation is guaranteed for sound sources having different power spectra and sufficiently smooth spatial modes with respect to frequency. The validity and efficiency of the proposed separation procedure are demonstrated on laboratory experiments.
Local Probe Structure Isomerization in a One-Dimensional Molecular Array (2023)

Synthesis of one-dimensional molecular arrays with tailored stereoisomers is challenging yet has a great potential for application in molecular opto-, electronic- and magnetic-devices, where the local array structure plays a decisive role in the functional properties. Here, we demonstrate construction and characterization of dehydroazulene isomer and diradical units in three-dimensional organometallic compounds on Ag(111) with a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. Tip-induced voltage pulses firstly result in the formation of a diradical species via successive homolytic fission of two C-Br bonds in the naphthyl groups, which are subsequently transformed into chiral dehydroazulene moieties. The delicate balance of the reaction rates among the diradical and two stereoisomers, arising from an in-line configuration of tip and molecular unit, allows directional azulene-to-azulene and azulene-to-diradical local probe structural isomerization in a controlled manner. Furthermore, our theoretical calculations suggest that the diradical moiety hosts an open-shell singlet with antiferromagnetic coupling between the unpaired electrons, which can undergo an inelastic spin transition of 91 meV to the ferromagnetically coupled triplet state.
Beyond Private 5G  Networks: Applications, Architectures, Operator Models and Technological Enablers (2021)

Abstract Private networks will play a key role in 5G and beyond to enable smart factories with the required better deployment, operation and flexible usage of available resource and infrastructure. 5G private networks will offer a lean and agile solution to effectively deploy and operate services with stringent and heterogeneous constraints in terms of reliability, latency, re-configurability and re-deployment of resources as well as issues related to governance and ownership of 5G components, and elements. In this paper we present a novel approach to operator models, specifically targeting 5G and beyond private networks. We apply the proposed operator models to different network architecture options and to a selection of relevant use cases offering mixed private-public network operator governance and ownership. Moreover, several key enabling technologies have been identified for 5G private networks. Before the deployment, stakeholders should consider spectrum allocation and on-site channel measurements in order to fully understand the propagation characteristic of a given environment and to set up end-to-end system parameters. During the deployment, a monitoring tools will support to validate the deployment and to make sure that the end-to-end system meet the target KPI. Finally, some optimization can be made individually for service placement, network slicing, network orchestration or jointly at RAN, MEC or core network level.