gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Opportunity for Carbon‐Supported Ni‐based Electrocatalysts: Gas‐Phase CO<sub>2</sub> Methanation (2021)

Abstract The cost‐effectiveness and excellent performance of conductive‐carbon‐supported Ni‐based electrocatalysts make them attractive materials for hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions. However, they were previously unused in gas‐phase hydrogenation reactions. In this work, we have expanded the applicability of commercially available advanced Ni/C, NiMo/C and NiRe/C materials from electrocatalysis to heterogeneous catalysis of CO 2 methanation. Our catalytic testing efforts indicate that the monometallic Ni/C material demonstrates the best CO 2 methanation properties, achieving an excellent CO 2 conversion of 83 % at 400 °C with nearly complete selectivity to CH 4 of 99.7 %, plus exhibiting intact performance during 90 h of time‐on‐stream testing. Such catalytic properties are among the highest reported to date among carbon‐supported Ni‐based methanation catalysts. Excellent performance of Ni/C stems from the good dispersion of the Ni nanoparticles over N‐containing carbon support material.
[The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2006 for the discovery of RNA interference]. (2006)

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Andrew Fire and Craig Mello for their discovery of RNA interference, i.e. the suppression of gene activity by double-stranded RNA. Small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs), notably the antisense strand, recognise and inhibit the corresponding mRNA, thereby silencing the appropriate gene. RNA interference can help to determine the function of genes and may assist in the development ofnew drugs. It may also lead to a better understanding of mechanisms of drug resistance. In addition, siRNAs themselves may prove to have therapeutic value as many diseases are the result of alterations in gene activity.
Protein Expression of AEBP1, MCM4, and FABP4 Differentiate Osteogenic, Adipogenic, and Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells (2022)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) gain an increasing focus in the field of regenerative medicine due to their differentiation abilities into chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblastic cells. However, it is apparent that the transformation processes are extremely complex and cause cellular heterogeneity. The study aimed to characterize differences between MSCs and cells after adipogenic (AD) or osteoblastic (OB) differentiation at the proteome level. Comparative proteomic profiling was performed using tandem mass spectrometry in data-independent acquisition mode. Proteins were quantified by deep neural networks in library-free mode and correlated to the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collections for functional annotation. We analyzed 4108 proteins across all samples, which revealed a distinct clustering between MSCs and cell differentiation states. Protein expression profiling identified activation of the <i>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)</i> signaling pathway after AD. In addition, two distinct protein marker panels could be defined for osteoblastic and adipocytic cell lineages. Hereby, overexpression of AEBP1 and MCM4 for OB as well as of FABP4 for AD was detected as the most promising molecular markers. Combination of deep neural network and machine-learning algorithms with data-independent mass spectrometry distinguish MSCs and cell lineages after adipogenic or osteoblastic differentiation. We identified specific proteins as the molecular basis for bone formation, which could be used for regenerative medicine in the future.
Development of an optomechanical statistical tolerancing method for cost reduction (2012)

Optical systems generally require a high level of optical components positioning precision resulting in elevated manufacturing cost. The optomechanical tolerance analysis is usually performed by the optomechanical engineer using his personal knowledge of the manufacturing precision capability. Worst case or root sum square (RSS) tolerance calculation methods are frequently used for their simplicity. In most situations, the chance to encounter the worst case error is statistically almost impossible. On the other hand, RSS method is generally not an accurate representation of the reality since it assumes centered normal distributions. Moreover, the RSS method is not suitable for multidimensional tolerance analysis that combines translational and rotational variations. An optomechanical tolerance analysis method based on Monte Carlo simulation has been developed at INO to reduce overdesign caused by pessimist manufacturing and assembly error predictions. Manufacturing data errors have been compiled and computed to be used as input for the optomechanical Monte Carlo tolerance model. This is resulting in a more realistic prediction of the optical components positioning errors (decenter, tilt and air gap). Calculated errors probabilities were validated on a real lenses barrels assembly using a high precision centering machine. Results show that the statistical error prediction is more accurate and that can relax significantly the precision required in comparison to the worst case method. Manufacturing, inspection, adjustment mechanism and alignment cost can then be reduced considerably.
A–Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance—part 10 (2010)

One enjoyable aspect of our A–Z series is that an issue often comprises a real assortment, such as occurs here. We have: citrulline, a non-essential amino acid; coenzyme Q10, a coenzyme that is part of the total antioxidant system; colostrum, the initial milk produced by mammals after giving birth, with bovine colostrum being a popular supplement among athletes because of its reported immune benefits; this is followed by conjugated linoleic acid, a series of structural and geometric isomers of linoleic acid which may play a role in optimising body composition; and, finally, copper, a mineral with multifunctional uses that may require monitoring in athletes at risk. We are grateful to our invited reviewers for their excellent contributions giving impartial advice on the value of these individual nutrients and supplements. They are establishing that, for some, performance evidence is limited or simply does not yet exist. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
Effect of Surface Geometry on the Photochemical Reaction of 1,10-Phenanthroline Adsorbed on Silver Colloid Surfaces (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionEffect of Surface Geometry on the Photochemical Reaction of 1,10-Phenanthroline Adsorbed on Silver Colloid SurfacesNak Han Jang, Jung Sang Suh, and Martin MoskovitsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 4, 759Publication Date (Web):January 22, 1998Publication History Published online22 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp983484ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/jp983484icorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (30 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interacting in distributed collaborative virtual environments (2002)

Virtual reality toolkits and systems for computer supported cooperative work are often treated separately. However, combining them offers new possibilities for remote cooperative (or collaborative) group working. We review existing distribution models of virtual environments and propose a new method of concurrent interaction management. We examine the different types of communication layers, which are needed by collaborative virtual reality (VR) applications to achieve complex user interaction. Finally we propose a model for handling the different requirements of such applications, depending on the connection strategies used within a distributed VR system.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Loss of the &lt;i&gt;ssecks/gravin/akap12&lt;/i&gt; Gene Results in Prostatic Hyperplasia (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Loss of the &lt;i&gt;ssecks/gravin/akap12&lt;/i&gt; Gene Results in Prostatic Hyperplasia
The Mitochondrial Protease AFG3L2 Is Essential for Axonal Development (2008)

The mitochondrial metalloprotease AFG3L2 assembles with the homologous protein paraplegin to form a supracomplex in charge of the essential protein quality control within mitochondria. Mutations of paraplegin cause a specific axonal degeneration of the upper motoneuron and, therefore, hereditary spastic paraplegia. Here we present two Afg3l2 murine models: a newly developed null and a spontaneous mutant that we found carrier of a missense mutation. Contrasting with the mild and late onset axonal degeneration of paraplegin-deficient mouse, Afg3l2 models display a marked impairment of axonal development with delayed myelination and poor axonal radial growth leading to lethality at P16. The increased severity of the Afg3l2 mutants is explained by two main molecular features that differentiate AFG3L2 from paraplegin: its higher neuronal expression and its versatile ability to support both hetero-oligomerization and homo-oligomerization. Our data assign to AFG3L2 a crucial role by linking mitochondrial metabolism and axonal development. Moreover, we propose AFG3L2 as an excellent candidate for motoneuron and cerebellar diseases with early onset unknown etiology.
Investigation of Fast and Slow Charge Trapping Mechanisms of GaN/A1GaN HEMTs through Pulsed I-V Measurements and the Associated New Trap Model (2018)

This paper presents a new approach to characterize and model charge trapping effects of GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Two types of deep-level traps (slow-emitting and fast-emitting traps) have been characterized apart by performing dedicated pulsed I-V measurements. Slow-emitting traps have been found triggered by threshold voltages (gate-source and gate-drain) and filled through reverse gate current. The slow-traps filling mechanism is modeled based upon a metal to channel trap assisted tunneling (TAT) physical process. Moreover, the TAT model parameters are extracted from gate-source and gate-drain leakage current measurements. However, the well known fast-emitting traps are classically RC-like modeled. Furthermore, this new full CAD compatible model is validated on a 4 GHz load-pull measurement.
Prolonged, repetitive calcium transients in rat oocytes fertilized in vitro and in vivo (1993)

Zona-free rat oocytes inseminated with capacitated sperm, under conditions that allow polyspermic fertilization, exhibited a rapid, transient elevation of cellular calcium (from 147 +/- 10 to 607 +/- 55 nM, n = 19, measured by Fura 2 fluorescence ratio imaging) immediately after sperm attachment. This peak was followed by a series of dramatic calcium transients of high amplitude (maximal 847 +/- 32 nM) and frequency (range 2.1 +/- 0.07 - 3.9 +/- 0.07 min), which continued for several hours. A similar pattern was seen also in zona-free oocytes fertilized with low sperm density (i.e. producing mainly monospermic attachment) and in zona-enclosed oocytes fertilized in vitro. Moreover, single or repetitive calcium transients were observed in rat oocytes fertilized in vivo. These findings indicate that in normal fertilization in vivo, sperm-oocyte interaction initiates a prolonged train of cyclical calcium changes in the oocyte. This activity may be necessary for the early events in the fertilization process.
Virulence Mechanisms Displayed by Salmonella to Impair Dendritic Cell Function (2010)

Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate and adaptive immunity by directly recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on bacteria. DCs can capture and degrade bacteria and present their antigens on MHC molecules to T cells. PAMP recognition promotes DC maturation, a phenotypic change that empowers them to prime naïve T cells. As a result, an adaptive immune response that specifically targets bacteria-derived antigens is initiated. Consequently, any impairment of DC function might contribute to bacterial survival and dissemination in the host. Therefore, the characterization of DC-bacteria interactions is required to understand the mechanisms used by virulent bacteria to avoid adaptive immunity. An example of a bacterial pathogen capable of interfering with DC function is Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), which causes a typhoid-like disease in mice. Virulent strains of S. Typhimurium are able to differentially modulate the entrance to DCs and avoid lysosomal degradation, to prevent antigen presentation on MHC molecules. These features of virulent S. Typhimurium are controlled by virulence factors encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 1 and 2. Modulation of DC functions by the activity of these gene products is supported by several recent studies, which have shown that pathogenesis might depend on this attribute of virulent S. Typhimurium. Here we discuss recent data showing that several virulence factors from Salmonella are required to differentially modulate DC function and adaptive immunity in the host.
Identification, Characterization and Synthesis of Walterospermin, a Sperm Motility Activator from the Egyptian Black Snake Walterinnesia aegyptia Venom (2020)

Animal venoms are small natural mixtures highly enriched in bioactive components. They are known to target at least two important pharmacological classes of cell surface receptors: ion channels and G protein coupled receptors. Since sperm cells express a wide variety of ion channels and membrane receptors, required for the control of cell motility and acrosome reaction, two functions that are defective in infertility issues, animal venoms should contain interesting compounds capable of modulating these two essential physiological functions. Herein, we screened for bioactive compounds from the venom of the Egyptian black snake <i>Walterinnesia aegyptia</i> (Wa) that possess the property to activate sperm motility in vitro from male mice OF1. Using RP-HPLC and cation exchange chromatography, we identified a new toxin of 6389.89 Da (termed walterospermin) that activates sperm motility. Walterospermin was <i>de novo</i> sequenced using a combination of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS) and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS) following reduction, alkylation, and enzymatic proteolytic digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin or V8 protease. The peptide is 57 amino acid residues long and contains three disulfide bridges and was found to be identical to the previously cloned Wa Kunitz-type protease inhibitor II (Wa Kln-II) sequence. Moreover, it has strong homology with several other hitherto cloned Elapidae and Viperidae snake toxins suggesting that it belongs to a family of compounds able to regulate sperm function. The synthetic peptide shows promising activation of sperm motility from a variety of species, including humans. Its fluorescently-labelled analog predominantly marks the flagellum, a localization in agreement with a receptor that controls motility function.
Mild Deprotection of Dithioacetals by TMSCl / NaI Association in CH3CN (2020)

We showed for the first time, the fundamental role of CH3CN associated to TMSCl/NaI combination to deprotect S,S-ethylene- and S,S-propylene-ketals into ketones. Indeed, if the TMSCl/NaI association leads to the reduction of dithioketals in CH2Cl2, we have demonstrated that this association can be used to deprotect a large variety of various dithioketals into ketones in CH3CN. Otherwise, under mild experimental conditions, O,O-acetals as well as O,S-oxathianes were cleanly deprotected with high yields. It is also possible to easily regenerate the carbonyl function of various hydrazones and imines using this novel protocol. We believe that this metal-free process is a good alternative to other known methodologies used to deprotect dithioketals into ketones.
NEVO™: a new generation of sirolimus-eluting coronary stent (2009)

EuroIntervention Supplement (2009) Vol. 5 (Supplement F) F88-F93 Introduction Drug eluting stents (DES) have dramatically improved the effectiveness of coronary stenting since the introduction of Cypher® in 2002. Cypher® demonstrated that controlled stent-based delivery of sirolimus, a potent cell-cycle inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent, could significantly reduce late lumen loss and restenosis rates when compared to bare metal stents1. These benefits were observed for multiple patient and lesion categories and have been sustained for more than five years2. Taxus® (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA), Endeavor® (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and Xience® (Abbott Laboratories. Abbott Park, Il, USA) followed the introduction of Cypher® (Cordis Corporation, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) and have also shown significant reductions in restenosis in controlled clinical trials3-5. These FDA-approved DES share several common design features: (a) a metallic scaffold, (b) a durable, strut-adherent polymer coating, and (c) an elutible antiproliferative agent to reduce neointimal hyperplasia. The latest advance in DES technology and successor to Cypher® is the NEVOTM sirolimus-eluting coronary stent. The primary changes made transitioning from Cypher® to NEVOTM are shown in Table 1. NEVOTM is produced from L605 cobalt chromium alloy and has a thin-strut (<100 μm), open-cell configuration for improved vessel conformability and deliverability. NEVOTM was completely redesigned from the original Conor CoStar® stent and will be NEVOTM: a new generation of sirolimus-eluting coronary stent
Pulsed ultrasonic leaky waves on a titanium-aluminum boundary (1980)

Pulsed 2.1-MHz leaky waves on an adhesively bonded titanium-aluminum interface have been generated and detected by aluminum Rayleigh wave mode conversion. Specimens were prepared by bonding 0.95-cm × 1.27-cm etched titanium alloy bars to large aluminum substrates and compressing so the thickness of the adhesive layer was much smaller than the acoustic wavelength. Total losses of less than 12 dB due to mode conversion and attenuation along the 1.27-cm interface have been observed. The adhesive bond geometry is modeled as a liquid layer of thickness H separating two isotropic solid half-spaces [A. R. Banghar, G. S. Murty, and I. V. V. Raghavacharyulu, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 1071–1078 (1976)]. Measured leaky wave velocity is approximately predicted by the case where H approaches zero and the viscosity of the liquid becomes large [D. A. Lee and D. M. Corbly, IEEE Trans. Sunics Ultrason. SU-24, 206–212 (1977)]. Particle displacements near the boundary in both the titanium and the aluminum are derived for this case and changes in leaky wave attenuation due to small variations in H are predicted. [Work partially supported by NSF.]
Post-COVID-19 follow-up clinic: depicting chronicity of a new disease. (2020)

Continuous patient monitoring might give an answer to the numerous unsolved questions about what comes next in this pandemic and beyond. This will help physicians and researchers establish strategies to face future pandemics and develop preventative and therapeutic strategies for similar hyperinflammatory conditions.
Tracking nitrous oxide emission processes at a suburban site with semicontinuous, in situ measurements of isotopic composition (2017)

Abstract The isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N 2 O) was measured semicontinuously, at ∼35 min frequency in intermittent periods of 1–6 days over one and a half years, using preconcentration coupled to a quantum cascade laser spectrometer at the suburban site of Dübendorf, Switzerland. The achieved measurement repeatability was 0.08‰, 0.11‰, and 0.10‰ for δ 18 O, site preference, and δ 15 N bulk respectively, which is better than or equal to standard flask sampling‐based isotope ratio mass spectrometry performance. The observed mean diurnal cycle reflected the buildup of N 2 O from isotopically light sources on an isotopically heavy tropospheric background. The measurements were used to determine the source isotopic composition, which varied significantly compared to chemical and meteorological parameters monitored at the site. FLEXPART‐COSMO transport modeling in combination with modified Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research inventory emissions was used to model N 2 O mole fractions at the site. Additionally, isotopic signatures were estimated for different source categories using literature data and used to simulate N 2 O isotopic composition over the measurement period. The model was able to capture variability in N 2 O mole fraction well, but simulations of isotopic composition showed little agreement with observations. In particular, measured source isotopic composition exhibited one magnitude larger variability than simulated, clearly indicating that the range of isotopic source signatures estimated from literature significantly underestimates true variability of source signatures. Source δ 18 O signature was found to be the most sensitive tracer for urban/industry versus agricultural N 2 O. δ 15 N bulk and site preference may provide more insight into microbial and chemical emission processes than partitioning of anthropogenic source categories.
Improving Relational Machine Learning by Modeling Temporal Dependencies (2015)

For the degree of Is approved by the final examining committee: To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research ” and the use of copyright material.
Ovarian carcinoma-associated TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism in intron G of the progesterone receptor gene is due to an Alu sequence insertion. (1995)

Alu sequences, short, repetitive transposable DNA elements, are factors in a number of genetic diseases. We previously identified a germline TaqI RFLP, located in intron G of the human progesterone receptor gene, that showed an association with the incidence of sporadic ovarian carcinoma. Furthermore, the polymorphism was characterized as a small (approximately 300-bp) insertion that was inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Because of its insertional character, we named this polymorphism PROGINS. We report the identification of PROGINS as a 306-bp Alu element of the PV or HS-1 Alu subfamily.