gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of geminate reaction in the self-sensitized photooxidation of arylazonaphtholate dyes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe role of geminate reaction in the self-sensitized photooxidation of arylazonaphtholate dyesP. B. Merkel and W. F. SmithCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 22, 2834–2840Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100485a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100485a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Properties of perhalogenated {<i>closo</i>-B<sub>10</sub>} and {<i>closo</i>-B<sub>11</sub>} multiply charged anions and a critical comparison with {<i>closo</i>-B<sub>12</sub>} in the gas and the condensed phase (2018)

closo-Borate anions [closo-BnXn]2- are part of the most famous textbook examples of polyhedral compounds. Substantial differences in their reactivity and interactions with other compounds depending on the substituent X and cluster size n have been recognized, which favor specific closo-borates for different applications in cancer treatment, chemical synthesis, and materials science. Surprisingly, a fundamental understanding of the molecular properties underlying these differences is lacking. Here, we report our study comparing the electronic structure and reactivity of closo-borate anions [closo-BnXn]2- (X = Cl, Br, I, n = 10, 11, 12 in all combinations) in the gas phase and in solution. We investigated the free dianions and the ion pairs [nBu4N]+[closo-BnXn]2- by gas phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy accompanied by theoretical investigations. Strong similarities in electronic structures for n = 10 and 11 were observed, while n = 12 clusters were different. A systematic picture of the development in electronic stability along the dimension X is derived. Collision induced dissociation shows that fragmentation of the free dianions is mainly dependent on the substituent X and gives access to a large variety of boron-rich molecular ions. Fragmentation of the ion pair depends strongly on n. The results reflect the high chemical stability of clusters with n = 10 and 12, while those with n = 11 are much more prone to dissociation. We bridge our study to the condensed phase by performing comparative electrochemistry and reactivity studies on closo-borates in solution. The trends found at the molecular level are also reflected in the condensed-phase properties. We discuss how the gas phase values allow evaluation of the influence of the condensed phase on the electronic stability of closo-borates. A synthetic method via an oxidation/chlorination reaction yielding [closo-B10Cl10]2- from highly chlorinated {closo-B11} clusters is introduced, which underlines the intrinsically high reactivity of the {closo-B11} cage.
Method for metabolizing carbazole in petroleum (2023)

A method for selective cleavage of C--N bonds genes that encode for at least one enzyme suitable for conversion of carbazole to 2-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol are combined with a gene encoding an amidase suitable for selectively cleaving a C--N bond in 2-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol, forming an operon that encodes for cleavage of both C--N bonds of said carbazole. The operon is inserted into a host culture which, in turn, is contacted with the carbazole, resulting in selective cleavage of both C--N bonds of the carbazole. Also disclosed is a new microorganism that expresses a carbazole degradation trait constitutively and a method for degrading carbazole employing this microorganism.
Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Technical Considerations for Optimized Clinical Implementation (2001)

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE MR angiography) has benefited from advancements in MR imaging speed, pulse sequence design, and dedicated equipment and algorithms for its performance. These improvements have greatly expanded the number of options available to the operator and enabled the application of CE MR angiography to a broader range of clinical applications. In this article, the various timing options, pulse sequence innovations, and contrast administration concerns related to clinical CE MR angiography are reviewed. Pertinent issues related to multiphase and multistation bolus chase CE MR angiography also will be discussed.
Reduction of Atherosclerosis by the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α Agonist Fenofibrate in Mice (2002)

Several clinical and angiographic intervention trials have shown that fibrate treatment leads to a reduction of the coronary events associated to atherosclerosis. Fibrates are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) that modulate risk factors related to atherosclerosis by acting at both systemic and vascular levels. Here, we investigated the effect of treatment with the PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate (FF) on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient mice and human apoA-I transgenic apoE-deficient (hapoA-I Tg x apoE-deficient) mice fed a Western diet. In apoE-deficient mice, plasma lipid levels were increased by FF treatment with no alteration in the cholesterol distribution profile. FF treatment did not reduce atherosclerotic lesion surface area in the aortic sinus of 5-month-old apoE-deficient mice. By contrast, FF treatment decreased total cholesterol and esterified cholesterol contents in descending aortas of these mice, an effect that was more pronounced in older mice exhibiting more advanced lesions. Furthermore, FF treatment reduced MCP-1 mRNA levels in the descending aortas of apoE-deficient mice, whereas ABCA-1 expression levels were maintained despite a significant reduction of aortic cholesterol content. In apoE-deficient mice expressing a human apoA-I transgene, FF increased human apoA-I plasma and hepatic mRNA levels without affecting plasma lipid levels. This increase in human apoA-I expression was accompanied by a significant reduction in the lesion surface area in the aortic sinus. These data indicate that the PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate reduces atherosclerosis in these animal models of atherosclerosis.
Nanoscale Structural Engineering via Phase Segregation: Au−Ge System (2010)

A tunable structural engineering of nanowires based on template-assisted alloying and phase segregation processes is demonstrated. The Au-Ge system, which has a low eutectic temperature and negligible solid solubility (<10(-3) atom %) of Au in Ge at low temperatures, is utilized. Depending on the Au concentration of the initial nanowires, final structures ranging from nearly periodic nanodisk patterns to core/shell and fully alloyed nanowires are produced. The formation mechanisms are discussed in detail and characterized by in situ transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry analyses. Electrical measurements illustrate the metallic and semiconducting characteristics of the fully alloyed and alternating Au/Ge nanodisk structures, respectively.
Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light concentration predicts brain atrophy and cognition in Alzheimer's disease (2020)

Introduction This study assessed the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NfL) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, its association with amyloid and tau pathology, as well as its potential to predict brain atrophy, cognition, and amyloid accumulation. Methods CSF NfL concentration was measured in 221 participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL). Results CSF NfL levels as well as NfL/amyloid β (Aβ42) were significantly elevated in AD compared to healthy controls (HC; P < .001), and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to HC (P = .008 NfL; P < .001 NfL/Aβ42). CSF NfL and NfL/Aβ42 differentiated AD from HC with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. CSF NfL and NfL/Aβ42 predicted cortical amyloid load, brain atrophy, and cognition. Discussion CSF NfL is a biomarker of neurodegeneration, correlating with cognitive impairment and brain neuropathology.
NuMorph: Tools for cortical cellular phenotyping in tissue-cleared whole-brain images (2021)

Tissue-clearing methods allow every cell in the mouse brain to be imaged without physical sectioning. However, the computational tools currently available for cell quantification in cleared tissue images have been limited to counting sparse cell populations in stereotypical mice. Here, we introduce NuMorph, a group of analysis tools to quantify all nuclei and nuclear markers within the mouse cortex after clearing and imaging by light-sheet microscopy. We apply NuMorph to investigate two distinct mouse models: a Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) model with severe neurodegenerative deficits and a Neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) model with a more subtle brain overgrowth phenotype. In each case, we identify differential effects of gene deletion on individual cell-type counts and distribution across cortical regions that manifest as alterations of gross brain morphology. These results underline the value of whole-brain imaging approaches, and the tools are widely applicable for studying brain structure phenotypes at cellular resolution.
WiMAX (2011)

Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) has been envisioned by the WiMAX forum as a single worldwide adopted standard for high-speed wireless metropolitan area networking. The term WiMAX denotes wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) technology based on IEEE 802.16 specifications. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the salient features and most important specifications of legacy and next-generation WMANs.
Cost–effectiveness of treatments for high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes after failure of first-line hypomethylating agent therapy (2015)

Subsequent treatments in myelodysplastic syndrome patients who failed first-line HMA significantly increase costs, while only providing marginal clinical benefit and substantially increasing treatment-related morbidities. Additional treatment options would benefit resource allocation, clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
<i>De Novo</i>Design of Tetranuclear Transition Metal Clusters Stabilized by Hydrogen-Bonded Networks in Helical Bundles (2017)

De novo design provides an attractive approach to test the mechanism by which metalloproteins define the geometry and reactivity of their metal ion cofactors. While there has been considerable progress in designing proteins that bind transition metal ions including iron-sulfur clusters, the design of tetranuclear clusters with oxygen-rich environments has not been accomplished. Here, we describe the design of tetranuclear clusters, consisting of four Zn<sup>2+</sup> and four carboxylate oxygens situated at the vertices of a distorted cube-like structure. The tetra-Zn<sup>2+</sup> clusters are bound at a buried site within a four-helix bundle, with each helix donating a single carboxylate (Glu or Asp) and imidazole (His) ligand, as well as second- and third-shell ligands. Overall, the designed site consists of four Zn<sup>2+</sup> and 16 polar side chains in a fully connected hydrogen-bonded network. The designed proteins have apolar cores at the top and bottom of the bundle, which drive the assembly of the liganding residues near the center of the bundle. The steric bulk of the apolar residues surrounding the binding site was varied to determine how subtle changes in helix-helix packing affect the binding site. The crystal structures of two of four proteins synthesized were in good agreement with the overall design; both formed a distorted cuboidal site stabilized by flanking second- and third-shell interactions that stabilize the primary ligands. A third structure bound a single Zn<sup>2+</sup> in an unanticipated geometry, and the fourth bound multiple Zn<sup>2+</sup> at multiple sites at partial occupancy. The metal-binding and conformational properties of the helical bundles in solution, probed by circular dichroism spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation, and NMR, were consistent with the crystal structures.
Abstract 2213: Generating a collection of isogenic lung adenocarcinoma cell lines to study <i>RAS</i> gene activation in black Americans (2022)

Abstract Lung cancer is a source of cancer health disparity among black Americans, especially men. Lung cancer incidence rates and mortality rates are higher in black Americans than in white Americans despite lower tobacco exposure among black men than white men. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer in all ethnic/racial groups, including blacks. Genetic driver mutations differ among racial/ethnic groups. In addition, the same mutation could have different effects based on the genetic background arising from different racial/ethnic groups. Therefore, it is important to study appropriate driver mutations in the correct genetic background. Protooncogenes from the RAS family, KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS, play a crucial role in cell growth regulation, cell proliferation, and survival. KRAS is the most frequently mutated driver gene in black LUAD (~14%). NRAS mutations are also seen (1-2%). It is therefore important to study LUAD cell lines carrying different RAS mutations in black Americans’ genetic backgrounds. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there is only one LUAD cell line from a black subject. The NCI-H23 cell line contains a heterozygous KRAS mutation at codon 12. We are generating a collection of isogenic cell lines derived from NCI-H23, tailored to study RAS gene activation in black Americans. We will correct the KRAS mutation to wildtype through CRISPR/Cas9 deletion with co-transfection of the wild-type sequence. However, we expect that the NCI-H23 cells may not tolerate the removal of the KRAS without simultaneous replacement with another driver mutation. Therefore, we will replace the KRAS mutation with either mutated NRAS, HRAS, or EGFR. EGFR functions as a receptor tyrosine kinase in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway to control the activation of RAS oncogenes and is also frequently mutated in black LUAD (~8%). We have identified a heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphism, rs11047919, 839 nucleotides downstream from the KRAS mutation which we are using to differentiate between the wild-type and mutated KRAS alleles following CRISPR editing. We will use the new cell lines to test the efficacy of polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs). These agents have been shown to disrupt RAS-mediated signaling in ethnically/racially diverse cell lines. In the future, we will develop immortalized alveolar epithelial cell lines from black subjects to further address the lack of lung cancer models representing black Americans. Through our research, we intend to address one facet of the prominent lack of representation of black Americans in LUAD studies. Citation Format: Pablo E. Puente, Chunli Yan, Matthew Gregory, Nadine L. Belony, Nazarius Lamango, Yong Huang, Ite A. Offringa. Generating a collection of isogenic lung adenocarcinoma cell lines to study RAS gene activation in black Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2213.
Autolysis is a potential source of false aneuploid peaks in flow cytometric DNA histograms (1989)

Serial flow cytometric nuclear DNA content analyses were performed from normal human spleen, thyroid, liver, and pancreas removed from ten patients at autopsy and stored for up to 8 d without any preservative to study the effect of autolysis on DNA histograms. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples were taken in diluted ethanol and tissue biopsies from the same area in formalin for embedding into paraffin at the time of autopsy and serially thereafter. Histograms obtained from samples taken within 10 h after death had a symmetrical G1 peak with a small coefficient of variance (CV) except histograms produced from paraffin-embedded pancreatic tissue, but bimodal distributions similar to those seen in aneuploid tumors were obtained from many samples stored longer than for 20 h. The DNA indices of the bimodal histograms were usually less than 1.3. The false peaks were more prominent in FNAB samples than in paraffin-embedded samples. The time of appearance of the false aneuploid peaks varied individually, and they were usually first seen in samples taken from the pancreas, followed by the liver, the thyroid and the spleen. Because neoplasms may become necrotic in vivo and fixation of fresh surgical samples may be slow and incomplete, increased DNA staining caused by autolysis may be a source of false aneuploid peaks in DNA content analysis.
Diurnal variations of sea surface temperature over the wide‐ranging ocean using VISSR on board GMS (2003)

Sea surface temperature (SST) diurnal warming caused by insolation is investigated using wide‐ranging hourly insolation and SST derived from the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite/Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (GMS/VISSR). Using SST diurnal variations (ΔSSTgms) derived from the hourly VISSR SSTs and insolation, and the wind velocity derived from the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite/NASA Scatterometer (ADEOS/NSCAT), it is verified that the SST warming occurs under conditions of high insolation and weak wind. To investigate the ΔSSTgms, two simple models are applied. One SST diurnal warming estimation model (Model A) is developed with reference to Price et al. [1986 , 1987] introducing the latitudinal heat loss estimated from climatic values. Another model (Model B) was proposed by Webster et al. [1996] . Because SST diurnal warming is dependent on meteorological conditions, the areas of SST warming change from day to day. However, areas of weak wind and high insolation can be specified by large‐scale atmospheric systems. Both distributions of the monthly averaged ΔSSTmodel‐A (SST diurnal warming estimated by Model A) and ΔSSTgms agree well with each other. Large SST diurnal warming has occurred at middle latitudes in the summer hemisphere and tropical regions near the land. Through this study, it is demonstrated that the combination of satellite observation and numerical models enables us to investigate the diurnal SST warming over the wide‐ranging ocean.
FIB/SEM technology and high-throughput 3D reconstruction of dendritic spines and synapses in GFP-labeled adult-generated neurons (2015)

The fine analysis of synaptic contacts is usually performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and its combination with neuronal labeling techniques. However, the complex 3D architecture of neuronal samples calls for their reconstruction from serial sections. Here we show that focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) allows efficient, complete, and automatic 3D reconstruction of identified dendrites, including their spines and synapses, from GFP/DAB-labeled neurons, with a resolution comparable to that of TEM. We applied this technology to analyze the synaptogenesis of labeled adult-generated granule cells (GCs) in mice. 3D reconstruction of dendritic spines in GCs aged 3-4 and 8-9 weeks revealed two different stages of dendritic spine development and unexpected features of synapse formation, including vacant and branched dendritic spines and presynaptic terminals establishing synapses with up to 10 dendritic spines. Given the reliability, efficiency, and high resolution of FIB/SEM technology and the wide use of DAB in conventional EM, we consider FIB/SEM fundamental for the detailed characterization of identified synaptic contacts in neurons in a high-throughput manner.
Acoustic Limescale Layer and Temperature Measurement in Ultrasonic Flow Meters (2022)

Guided acoustic waves are commonly used in domestic water meters to measure the flow rate. The accuracy of this measurement method is affected by factors such as variations in temperature and limescale deposition inside of the pipe. In this work, a new approach using signals from different sound propagation paths is used to determine these quantities and allow for subsequent compensation. This method evaluates the different propagation times of guided Lamb waves in flow measurement applications. A finite element method-based model is used to identify the calibration curves for the device under test. The simulated dependencies on temperature and layer thickness are validated by experimental data. Finally, a test on simulated data with varying temperatures and limescale depositions proves that this method can be used to separate both effects. Based on these values, a flow measurement correction scheme can be derived that provides an improved resolution of guided acoustic wave-based flow meters.
Comparison of Agar Dilution, Microdilution, E-Test, and Disk Diffusion Methods for Testing Activity of Cefditoren against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (1999)

This study evaluated the susceptibility of pneumococci to cefditoren by agar dilution and microdilution methods (both in air) and by E-test (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) and disk diffusion methods (both in CO(2)). By the three MIC tests, the MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates were inhibited (MIC(50)s and MIC(90)s) were, respectively, as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): for the 65 penicillin-susceptible strains tested, 0.016 and 0.03 (by agar dilution), 0.016 and 0.03 (by microdilution), and 0.016 and 0.03 (by E test); for the 68 penicillin-intermediate strains tested, 0.125 and 0.5 (by agar dilution), 0.125 and 0.5 (by microdilution), and 0. 25 and 0.5 (by E test); and for the 67 penicillin-resistant strains tested, 1.0 and 1.0 (by agar dilution), 0.5 and 1.0 (by microdilution), and 1.0 and 1.0 (by E test). With tentative cefditoren breakpoints (in micrograms per milliliter) of </=2.0 (susceptible), 4.0 (intermediate), and >/=8.0 (resistant), all strains were susceptible to cefditoren by agar, microdilution, and E-test results; with breakpoints of </=1.0, 2.0, and >/=4.0 microg/ml, 97% of strains were cefditoren susceptible by agar dilution results, 98% were susceptible by microdilution results, and 99% were susceptible by E-test results. When microdilution and E-test results were compared to those from the reference agar dilution method, 191 (95.5%) and 183 (91.5%) of strains gave essential agreement (+/-1 log(2) dilution); 8 (2.7%) minor discrepancies were found for both methods with a breakpoint of </=1. 0 microg/ml, and no discrepancies were found with a breakpoint of </=2.0 microg/ml. Disk test results (breakpoint, </=1.0 microg/ml) produced 2 major and 30 minor errors, with corresponding zone diameters (in millimeters) of >/=20 (susceptible), 17 to 19 (intermediate), and </=16 (resistant); a </=2.0-microg/ml breakpoint yielded zone diameters of >/=16 mm (susceptible). All three methods for testing the MIC of cefditoren showed excellent correlation.