gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immediate Postablation <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Injection and Corresponding SUV Are Surrogate Biomarkers of Local Tumor Progression After Thermal Ablation of Colorectal Carcinoma Liver Metastases (2018)

The aim of this study was to determine whether intraprocedural <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT can be used as a predictor of local tumor progression after percutaneous ablation of colorectal liver metastases. <b>Methods:</b> In this institutional review board-approved prospective study, 39 patients (19 men and 20 women; median age, 56 y) underwent split-dose <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT-guided ablation followed by immediate biopsy and contrast-enhanced CT imaging of the ablation zone. Binary categorization of biopsy tissues was performed on the basis of the presence of only nonviable coagulation necrosis or viable tumor cells. Minimum ablation margin measurements from contrast-enhanced CT imaging were categorized as 0 mm, 1-4 mm, 5-9 mm, or greater than or equal to 10 mm. SUVs were obtained from PET/CT imaging, and SUV ratios were calculated from 3-dimensional regions of interest located in the ablation zone and surrounding normal liver. All predictive variables (biopsy, minimum margin distance, and SUV ratio) were evaluated as predictors of time to local tumor progression identified on imaging using competing-risks regression models (uni- and multivariate analyses). <b>Results:</b> A total of 62 consecutive ablations were evaluated. The mean SUV ratio was significantly higher for viable tumor-positive immediate postablation biopsies (<i>n</i> = 10) than for tumor-negative biopsies (<i>n</i> = 52) (85.8 ± 92.2 vs. 42.3 ± 45.5) (<i>P</i> = 0.03) and for a minimum margin size of less than 5 mm (<i>n</i> = 15) than for a minimum margin size of greater than or equal to 5 mm (<i>n</i> = 47) (78.5 ± 99.1 vs. 38.3 ± 78.5) (<i>P</i> = 0.01). After a median follow-up period of 22.5 (range, 7-52) months, 23 of 62 ablated tumors showed local tumor progression (37.1%). The local tumor progression rate was significantly higher for viable tumor-positive biopsies (8/10) than for negative biopsies (15/52) (80% vs. 29%) (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and for a minimum margin size of less than 5 mm (9/15) than for a minimum margin size of greater than or equal to 10 mm (2/15) (60% vs. 13%) (<i>P</i> = 0.02) but not 5-9 mm (37.5%; 12/32) (<i>P</i> = 0.5). In a competing-risks analysis, biopsy results (<i>P</i> = 0.07) and the minimum margin size (<i>P</i> = 0.08) were borderline significant, but the SUV ratio was not (<i>P</i> = 0.22). However, for negative biopsy ablations, the minimum margin size and SUV ratio were predictive imaging factors for local tumor progression; subdistribution hazard ratios were 0.564 (0.325-0.978) (<i>P</i> = 0.04) and 1.005 (1.001-1.009) (<i>P</i> = 0.005), respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The SUV ratio and minimum margin size can independently predict colorectal metastasis local tumor progression after liver ablation when there are no viable tumor cells on immediate postablation biopsies.
Impact of type D personality on clinical outcomes in Asian patients with stable coronary artery disease (2018)

Type D personality was an independent predictor of CV outcomes in an Asian cohort of stable CAD patients. This personality type may be identified in risk stratification for secondary prevention after PCI.
Enhancing Strength and Toughness of Hierarchical Composites through Optimization of Position and Orientation of Nanotubes: A Computational Study (2020)

Hierarchical composites that combine microscopic fibers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer opportunities to further improve mechanical properties. Motivated by the experimental evidence that the spatial distribution of CNTs has a significant effect on the strength and toughness of these composites, we developed a novel modelling tool to help us explore mechanisms of strengthening and toughening in an efficient way. The spatial position and orientation of CNTs are chosen as design variables and their optimization is performed on the example of a unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) subjected to transverse tensile loading. The model relies on the use of genetic algorithm and finite element method. Our modelling results show that the CNT network with an optimized morphology suppresses stress concentrations in the matrix near the fibers. The optimized morphology is shown to activate a new strengthening and toughening mechanism—diffusion of damage at micro-scale. It allows substantial increase in the consumption of the strain energy by matrix cracking, delocalization of damage, and with it, improvement of the strength and toughness. When the network morphology of 1.0 wt% of CNTs is optimized, the strength and toughness are increased by 49% and 65%, respectively, compared to the pristine FRC. The same amount of homogenously distributed CNTs in the composite leads to only 2% of the strength increase accompanied by a 13% decrease in toughness. The work emphasizes the importance of optimizing spatial position and orientation of CNTs for the strength and toughness improvements of composites.
152 Simple Steps to Stay Safe Online: Security Advice for Non-tech-savvy Users (2017)

Users often don't follow expert advice for staying secure online, but the reasons for users' noncompliance are only partly understood. More than 200 security experts were asked for the top three pieces of advice they would give non-tech-savvy users. The results suggest that, although individual experts give thoughtful, reasonable answers, the expert community as a whole lacks consensus.
Influence of Data Distribution on Federated Learning Performance in Tumor Segmentation (2023)

Performance of Fed-DL models in tumor segmentation on CT and MRI datasets was strongly negatively correlated with the distances between data distributions.<b>Keywords:</b> CT, Abdomen/GI, Liver, Comparative Studies, MR Imaging, Brain/Brain Stem, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Federated Deep Learning, Tumor Segmentation, Data Distribution <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2023See also the commentary by Kwak and Bai in this issue.
Spatial distribution of triplet excitons formed from charge transfer states at the donor/acceptor interface (2022)

Spatial distribution of triplet excitons near the organic semiconductor interface is clarified. The result indicates that 90% of the triplet excitons are confined to less than 10 nm from the interface, where photoelectric conversion and charge recombination occur.
Pretraitements chimiques de substrats metalliques (pt, al, et ti) par des thiols pour le greffage de polymeres conducteurs (1994)

L'electrodeposition d'un polymere conducteur par voie anodique sur des metaux oxydables est tres difficile voir impossible. Le metal s'oxydant ou se dissolvant a un potentiel inferieur a celui du monomere empeche l'electropolymerisation et conduit a des films de mauvaise qualite. Dans ce travail, nous proposons une methode originale consistant a pretraiter chimiquement le metal par des molecules bipolaires possedant d'une part un groupement thiol capable de former une liaison chimique forte avec la surface du metal et d'autre part un groupement aromatique qui constituera le siege d'un greffage electrochimique ulterieur d'un polymere tel que le polybithiophene. La premiere etape a concerne l'etude du systeme modele platine/monocouche de thiol. Ces etudes, menees par electrochimie, mesure d'angles de contact et par spectroscopie auger, ont permis la determination des conditions optimales pour la formation d'une monocouche dense, compacte et bloquante. Une concentration elevee, un temps d'immersion de quelques minutes, une absence d'oxygene a la surface et dans la solution ainsi qu'une longue chaine alkyle substituee sur le groupement thiol, sont les conditions necessaires pour la formation d'une monocouche de bonne qualite. La deuxieme etape a porte sur l'etude du greffage electrochimique du polybithiophene sur le systeme initialement etudie. Par comparaison au greffage sur une surface de platine non pretraitee, nous avons montre que le pretraitement influe sur les proprietes de croissance du polymere et ameliore les proprietes electrochimiques et structurales du polybithiophene. Une correlation entre les proprietes du film et celles de la monocouche de thiol a ete etablie. La generalisation d'un tel pretraitement chimique au cas de l'aluminium et du titane par les thiols aromatiques a permis d'une part de pallier a l'oxydation electrochimique du metal, et d'autre part d'ameliorer les proprietes electrochimiques et structurales de film de polymere et particulierement de son adherence
Crystal Structure of Methyl Paraben Polymorph II (2011)

The single crystal X-ray structure of a second polymorph of methyl paraben was determined after 80 years of the indication of its existence. The X-ray crystal structure, calculated powder diffraction lines, molecular packing, and thermal behavior visualized under a hot stage microscope for this second polymorph are distinctly different from those of the reported crystal structure(s). 2D fingerprint plots as Hirshfeld surfaces of these two polymorphs highlight the differences in hydrogen bonding and aromatic interactions. The crystal structure of methyl paraben polymorph II is similar to the layered structure of ethyl and propyl paraben. The X-ray crystal structure of a second polymorph in parabens is reported for the first time.
Grade IV Pantalar Arthrodesis With IM Nailing (2003)

Stage IV flatfoot represents pantalar arthrosis with few salvage options. Pantalar arthrodesis remains a viable option, yet it is fraught with significant technical considerations. Newer internal fixation methods, including intramedullary nail fixation, assure higher rates of fusion due to superior rigid fixation.
Caractérisation et analyse des déformations d’un rotor flexible dans l’eau (2021)

National audience
Distributed binary geometric sensor arrays for low-data-throughput human gait biometrics (2012)

We present a novel sensing paradigm of measuring human gait. The goal of the research is to achieve low-cost gait biometrics systems with minimum data throughput for various sensing modalities. The binary measurements of the system are achieved by using both (1) periodic and (2) pseudo-random sampling structures. As a result, either static or dynamic gait features can be estimated from a one-bit data stream. The simulation results demonstrate the gait information acquisition capability of the proposed binary sensing technology.
Comparative functional analyses of DWARF14 and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 in drought adaptation of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2020)

Functional analyses of various strigolactone-deficient mutants have demonstrated that strigolactones enhance drought resistance; however, the mechanistic involvement of the strigolactone receptor DWARF14 (D14) in this trait remains elusive. In this study, loss-of-function analysis of the D14 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that d14 mutant plants were more drought-susceptible than wild-type plants, which was associated with their larger stomatal aperture, slower abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stomatal closure, lower anthocyanin content and delayed senescence under drought stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed a consistent alteration in the expression levels of many genes related to the observed physiological and biochemical changes in d14 plants when compared with the wild type under normal and dehydration conditions. A comparative drought resistance assay confirmed that D14 plays a less critical role in Arabidopsis drought resistance than its paralog karrikin receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2). In-depth comparative analyses of the single mutants d14 and kai2 and the double mutant d14 kai2, in relation to various drought resistance-associated mechanisms, revealed that D14 and KAI2 exhibited a similar effect on stomatal closure. On the other hand, D14 had a lesser role in the maintenance of cell membrane integrity, leaf cuticle structure and ABA-induced leaf senescence, but a greater role in drought-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis, than KAI2. Interestingly, a possible additive relationship between D14 and KAI2 could be observed in regulating cell membrane integrity and leaf cuticle development. In addition, our findings also suggest the existence of a complex interaction between the D14 and ABA signaling pathways in the adaptation of Arabidopsis to drought.
Chemically Crosslinked pH- and Temperature-Sensitive ( <i>N</i> -isopropylacrylamide-co-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) Based on New Crosslinker: I. Swelling Behavior (2010)

Abstract Novel pH- and temperature-sensitive polymer matrices based on N-isopropylacrylamide have been developed. The hydrogels were prepared by bulk radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone in appropriate amounts of distilled water using different mol% of traditional N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and the new synthesized N,N,N-tris acryloyl melamine (MAAm) crosslinkers. Lower critical solution transition temperatures (LCST) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The synthesized hydrogels have LCST lower than 40°C. The influence of environmental conditions such as temperature and pH on the swelling behavior of these polymeric gels was investigated. The swelling behaviors of the resulting gels show pH sensitivity. The crosslinked NIPAAm/VP with MAAm hydrogels exhibited more rapid deswelling rate than NIPAAm/VP hydrogels crosslinked with MBA in pure water in response to abrupt temperature changes from 20°C to 50°C. Keywords: Acrylic acid copolymershydrogelsN-isopropylacrylamideN-N-N-tris-acryloyl melamine crosslinkerpH- and temperature-sensitive gels
Integration of iron oxide nanoparticles and polyaspartamide biopolymer for MRI image contrast enhancement and an efficient drug-delivery system in cancer therapy (2020)

We integrate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with polyaspartamide (PA) biopolymer to form a biological construct that functions as a tracking, targeting and drug-delivery system for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Iron oxide nanoparticles with uniformly distributed average spherical diameters of around 10 nm and superparamagnetic characteristics play a key role in increasing the transverse 1/T <sub>2</sub> relaxation rate or darkening the T <sub>2</sub>-weighted MR image for cancer diagnosis using MRI. In in vitro MRI testing on cancer cells, the MR images of samples with the bio-constructshow a much clearer contrast effect than those of controls. The PA biopolymer plays an essential role in enhancing the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the bio-construct. In addition, as a multifunctional polymer, PA is conjugated with biotin and doxorubicin (Dox) functional groups to enhance targeting and impairment of cancer cells. In in vivo testing on cancer tumors, injection with the bio-construct decreased the magnitude of cancer tumor volume growth by three times compared with that of uninjected controls. The physicochemical characteristics of the bio-construct and the roles of biotin and Dox functional groups are examined and discussed in detail.
Multi-modal image registration: matching MRI with histology (2010)

Spatial correspondence between histology and multi sequence MRI can provide information about the capabilities of non-invasive imaging to characterize cancerous tissue. However, shrinkage and deformation occurring during the excision of the tumor and the histological processing complicate the co registration of MR images with histological sections. This work proposes a methodology to establish a detailed 3D relation between histology sections and in vivo MRI tumor data. The key features of the methodology are a very dense histological sampling (up to 100 histology slices per tumor), mutual information based non-rigid B-spline registration, the utilization of the whole 3D data sets, and the exploitation of an intermediate ex vivo MRI. In this proof of concept paper, the methodology was applied to one tumor. We found that, after registration, the visual alignment of tumor borders and internal structures was fairly accurate. Utilizing the intermediate ex vivo MRI, it was possible to account for changes caused by the excision of the tumor: we observed a tumor expansion of 20%. Also the effects of fixation, dehydration and histological sectioning could be determined: 26% shrinkage of the tumor was found. The annotation of viable tissue, performed in histology and transformed to the in vivo MRI, matched clearly with high intensity regions in MRI. With this methodology, histological annotation can be directly related to the corresponding in vivo MRI. This is a vital step for the evaluation of the feasibility of multi-spectral MRI to depict histological groundtruth.
Growth Optimization and Device Integration of Narrow‐Bandgap Graphene Nanoribbons (2022)

The electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can be engineered by controlling their edge structure and width with atomic precision through bottom-up fabrication based on molecular precursors. This approach offers a unique platform for all-carbon electronic devices but requires careful optimization of the growth conditions to match structural requirements for successful device integration, with GNR length being the most critical parameter. In this work, the growth, characterization, and device integration of 5-atom wide armchair GNRs (5-AGNRs) are studied, which are expected to have an optimal bandgap as active material in switching devices. 5-AGNRs are obtained via on-surface synthesis under ultrahigh vacuum conditions from Br- and I-substituted precursors. It is shown that the use of I-substituted precursors and the optimization of the initial precursor coverage quintupled the average 5-AGNR length. This significant length increase allowed the integration of 5-AGNRs into devices and the realization of the first field-effect transistor based on narrow bandgap AGNRs that shows switching behavior at room temperature. The study highlights that the optimized growth protocols can successfully bridge between the sub-nanometer scale, where atomic precision is needed to control the electronic properties, and the scale of tens of nanometers relevant for successful device integration of GNRs.
Crowdsourced Explanations for Humorous Internet Memes Based on Linguistic Theories (2014)

Humorous images can be seen in many social media websites. However, newcomers to these websites often have trouble fitting in because the community subculture is usually implicit. Among all the types of humorous images, Internet memes are relatively hard for newcomers to understand. In this work, we develop a system that leverages crowdsourcing techniques to generate explanations for memes. We claim that people who are not familiar with Internet meme subculture can still quickly pick up the gist of the memes by reading the explanations. Our template-based explanations illustrate the incongruity between normal situations and the punchlines in jokes. The explanations can be produced by completing the two proposed human task processes. Experimental results suggest that the explanations produced by our system greatly help newcomers to understand unfamiliar memes. For further research, it is possible to employ our explanation generation system to improve computational humanities.
Learning a visual model and an image processing strategy from a series of silhouette images on MIRACLE-IV (2003)

MIRACLE-IV is capable of obtaining the internal structure of an object from a series of silhouette images with no initial explicit models about the object. The images are derived from only one object, but the form is varied. The system is composed of two subsystems: a model acquisition part (the modeler) and an image-processing strategy part (the strategist). On the assumption that the object consists of hinges, slides and solids, the modeler learns the number of these in the object and the relationship among them. The strategist binds the functional features as hinges or slides with visual features in the actual image data. The image-processing sequence for the extraction of the visual feature is not given previously but is learned automatically through trial and error.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Looking Ahead: What Long-Term Outcomes Can We Expect from Spinal Devices for Degenerative Disc Disease (2008)

Degenerative disc disease is one of the leading causes of pain and disability. Various surgical treatments are available, but the literature does not provide a comparative overview of their long-term outcomes. This article synthesizes the available long-term evidence on the treatment of degenerative disc disease. Fusion for degenerative disc disease has recently shown good long-term clinical outcomes, yet several studies strongly suggest that it may accelerate the degenerative process at adjacent levels. Arthroplasty shows at least equivalent long-term outcomes and is not expected to accelerate adjacent degeneration, but speculative concern remains about its safety, especially in regard to wear debris and facet joint arthrosis. Many other treatment devices are in various stages of development, but long-term studies are not yet available for most of them. When making treatment decisions, physicians and patients must consider the long-term outcomes, because the devices remain implanted indefinitely, and back pain could recur at any time if the degeneration progresses or the device fails. Before making a treatment decision, surgeons and patients should thoroughly discuss the long-term clinical prognosis, the safety of various procedures, the degrees of certainty in our currently available medical knowledge, and the patient's preferences. No one solution will be right for every patient, but we are entering a golden era of choices, where most patients with degenerative disc disease should be able to find a treatment that substantially improves their condition.
STAT3 mutations unify the pathogenesis of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of NK cells and T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (2012)

Chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of natural killer cells (CLPD-NKs) and T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemias (T-LGLs) are clonal lymphoproliferations arising from either natural killer cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We have investigated for distribution and functional significance of mutations in 50 CLPD-NKs and 120 T-LGL patients by direct sequencing, allele-specific PCR, and microarray analysis. STAT3 gene mutations are present in both T and NK diseases: approximately one-third of patients with each type of disorder convey these mutations. Mutations were found in exons 21 and 20, encoding the Src homology 2 domain. Patients with mutations are characterized by symptomatic disease (75%), history of multiple treatments, and a specific pattern of STAT3 activation and gene deregulation, including increased expression of genes activated by STAT3. Many of these features are also found in patients with wild-type STAT3, indicating that other mechanisms of STAT3 activation can be operative in these chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Treatment with STAT3 inhibitors, both in wild-type and mutant cases, resulted in accelerated apoptosis. STAT3 mutations are frequent in large granular lymphocytes suggesting a similar molecular dysregulation in malignant chronic expansions of NK and CTL origin. STAT3 mutations may distinguish truly malignant lymphoproliferations involving T and NK cells from reactive expansions.