gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Foodborne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated with Norwalk‐like Viruses: First Molecular Traceback to Deli Sandwiches Contaminated during Preparation (2000)

In March 1998, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred among students at a Texas university. Overall, 125 ill students sought medical care. Case-control studies revealed that illness was significantly associated with eating foods from the university's main cafeteria deli bar on 9 and 10 March. Stool specimens from 9 (50%) of 18 ill students and samples of deli ham showed evidence of Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) by reverse-transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A food handler who prepared sandwiches for lunch on 9 March reported that her infant had been sick with watery diarrhea since just before the outbreak. A stool sample from the infant was positive for NLV by RT-PCR, and the sequence of the amplified product was identical to that of amplified product from deli ham and students' stool specimens. This is the first time RT-PCR and sequence analysis have successfully confirmed viral contamination of a food item likely to have been contaminated by a food handler.
Updating the Structural Model on a Mature Carbonate Field With Geosteered Wells: Integrating Well Site Knowledge and Tools Through 2D Structural Well Section Models (2015)

Extended Abstract The field is a Cenomanian carbonate reservoir hosted in the Mishrif formation. Its upper reservoirs are made up of stacked, aggrading parasequences of a Rudist platform system. Some of the best reservoir intervals are just a few meters thick, typically three meters, and represent the main targets for infill well drilling . Given their thicknesses and the seismic resolution, none of the thin reservoir layers can be picked on seismic. Typically, only the Top Mishrif erosion can be picked–with, of course, its set of uncertainties–as well as a bottom bounding surface of the upper reservoirs. However, in accordance to the sequence stratigraphy framework, the reservoir layers are relatively isopach at the field scale and can hence be reconstructed through calibration of the well tops during the landing phase of the well. The wells are designed as very long horizontal drains to be geosteered within these thin reservoir layers. The typical length of the geosteered section in these thin reservoirs is of 2000 m for the shortest and up to 5000 m for the longest ones. These wells bring a lot of information related to the field's structure. Indeed, the use of imagery logs, the crossing of faults or bed boundaries and other structural features enable the structure to be constrained along the well trajectory. Moreover, by adding a few hypotheses to the previous elements, it is possible to generate a 2D structural section of the reservoir along the well trajectory. This is what well site geologists in Qatar do on a daily basis when geosteering the well in no more than three meters thick layers.
Multiattribute Utility Scores for Predicting Family Physicians' Decisions Regarding Sinusitis (1999)

To examine whether multiattribute utility (MAU) scores can be used to predict family physicians' decisions regarding patients suspected to have sinusitis and rhinitis, 100 randomly selected family physicians from the Leiden area (The Netherlands) were asked to rank a set of six attributes regarding their importance, yielding attribute weights. Next, the physicians were asked to rate the degrees to which five decision alternatives optimized each attribute, yielding utilities, regarding three case vignettes about a patient suspected to have acute maxillary sinusitis and rhinitis, with a brief clinical history. By combining attribute weights and utilities, a MAU score was calculated for each decision alternative regarding each case vignette. Finally, for each case vignette the physicians' treatment preferences were assessed by means of an open-ended question. For the clear-cut sinusitis case, management strategies and highest MAU scores were concordant for 80% of the physicians. Regarding the dubious sinusitis and rhinitis case, concordance was 50%. The latter was associated with small differences in values between the highest MAU scores. Because agreement among the physicians regarding the management strategies and weight ranks was high and there was little variation in the highest MAU scores, the kappas between the reported management strategies and weight ranks were poor (0.24 and lower). It is concluded that MAU scores may be used to predict family physicians' decisions regarding the management of patients suspected of having sinusitis where there are significant differences in values between the highest MAU scores.
Influence of Buffer Carbon Doping on Pulse and AC Behavior of Insulated-Gate Field-Plated Power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2014)

Pulse behavior of insulated-gate double-field-plate power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with C-doped buffers showing small current-collapse effects and dynamic RDS,on increase can accurately be reproduced by numerical device simulations that assume the CN-CGa autocompensation model as carbon doping mechanism. Current-collapse effects much larger than experimentally observed are instead predicted by simulations if C doping is accounted by dominant acceptor states. This suggests that buffer growth conditions favoring CN-CGa autocompensation can allow for the fabrication of power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with reduced current-collapse effects. The drain-source capacitance of these devices is found to be a sensitive function of the C doping model, suggesting that its monitoring can be adopted as a fast technique to assess buffer compensation properties.
Application hardware-software co-design for reconfigurable computing systems (2008)

Reconfigurable computing (RC) systems are composed of nodes with tightly coupled microprocessor(s) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). These systems provide unique application acceleration opportunities through the reconfigurability of the FPGA co-processor, which enables the customization of the hardware to the underlying applications and the processing synergy between the microprocessor and the FPGA. A formal methodology for hardware-software co-design, however, has not yet been established for the mapping of applications onto such reconfigurable systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to formalize application co-design on reconfigurable computing systems. 
This research addresses the task of formalizing hardware-software co-scheduling for RC systems. Scheduling algorithms from related domains such as embedded computing (EC), heterogeneous computing (HC), and reconfigurable hardware (RH) were evaluated for their potential benefits to scheduling for RC. Selected algorithms from these domains were extended to provide scheduling capabilities for RC systems. The enhanced algorithms are analytically and experimentally shown to provide over one order of magnitude improvement in application throughput. 
The execution models of EC, HC, and RH, however, are quite different from that of RC systems and thus scheduling solutions were often not optimal. To address this, a formal co-design methodology and an efficient co-scheduling algorithm, Reconfigurable-Computing Co-Scheduling (ReCoS), has been proposed. The co-design methodology proposes a framework to identify an optimal co-schedule based on the available resources, constraints, and performance targets. The ReCoS algorithm is shown to provide up to one order of magnitude improvement over the enhanced scheduling algorithms from related domains for mapping applications onto an RC system. 
The proposed algorithms can be used by Hardware-Software compilers to deliver optimized solutions. They can also be used as the foundation for productivity tools that can guide users in Hardware-Software co-design of RC applications. To increase the usability and decrease the time necessary to co-design an application for an RC system, The Center for High-Performance Reconfigurable Computing (CHREC) Performance Analysis and Co-Design Tool (CHREC-PACT) was created. PACT provides application performance analysis, resource utilization, constraint analysis, and co-design assistance tools to quickly identify an optimal co-schedule between the microprocessor and its reconfigurable processor.
Detection of Thrombosis in the Portal Venous System: Comparison of Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography with Intraarterial Digital Subtraction Angiography (2000)

Noninvasive contrast-enhanced MR angiography has the potential to replace intraarterial DSA as the standard method to assess the whole portal venous system.
Détection automatique des groupes d'interactions (2005)

This work brings a new perception to intelligent environments for human activity recognition. To understand human activities, we need to differentiate users concerned and their interpersonal links. We propose a new group interaction detection tool based on an assumption that conversational turn taking is synchronized inside groups. We assess HMM-based and algorithmic approaches to build a detector which is able to segment interaction groups from speech detection. Both approaches show good results thus confirm the conversational hypothesis.
Concept of application of the light-weight robot Robin Heart (“Pelikan”) in veterinary medicine: a feasibility study (2017)

Currently, there is a great interest in the use of minimally invasive surgery methods. Such surgeries require special instrumentation. Doctors increasingly use medical robots that replace assistants responsible for setting the position and orientation of the endoscope (vision), as well as make it possible to control surgical instruments. One of very promising fields of expansion of this technology is veterinary medicine. This article presents a review of literature on animal laparoscopic surgery with the use of medical robots. Particular attention was paid to animal experiments involving the Robin Heart family robots. Moreover, the article presents the construction and principle of operation of the smallest manipulator of the Robin Heart family, as well as describes preliminary simulations of surgery with the use of this robot. In the conclusion, possible directions for further improvement and implementation of the Robin Heart robot have been formulated.
Immediate Risk for Cardiovascular Events and Suicide Following a Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Prospective Cohort Study (2009)

Men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer are at increased risks for cardiovascular events and suicide. Future studies with detailed disease characteristic data are warranted.
Supplementary Figure S2 from A Systematic Approach to Defining the microRNA Landscape in Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. Role of miR-218 investigated in additional cancer entities.&lt;/p&gt;
Neural network based wind speed sensorless MPPT controller for variable speed wind energy conversion systems (2010)

A wind speed sensorless neural network (NN) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm for variable speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) is proposed. The proposed method is developed using Jordan type recurrent NN which is trained online using back-propagation. The algorithm, without requiring the knowledge of wind speed, air density or turbine parameters, generates at its output the optimum speed command for the speed control loop of the vector controlled machine side converter control system using only the instantaneous power as its input. The output of the NN is fed into a state input after a unit step delay completing the Jordan type recurrent neural network. The proposed concept is analyzed in a grid connected direct drive variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) WECS with a back-to-back frequency converter. Vector control of the grid side converter is realized in the grid voltage vector reference frame. Simulation is carried out in order to verify the performance of the proposed controller.
Far-UV CD spectra of human insulin recorded before upon prolonged 276 nm UV-excitation. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;The far-UV CD spectra were obtained before and after 276 nm light continuous exc. (0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2.5 h, 3.5 h, and 7 h) of insulin in solution. There is a progressive loss of ellipticity signal with 276 nm exc. time at 195, 209 and 222 nm.&lt;/p&gt;
Voltage‐Induced Coercivity Reduction in Nanoporous Alloy Films: A Boost toward Energy‐Efficient Magnetic Actuation (2017)

Magnetic data storage and magnetically actuated devices are conventionally controlled by magnetic fields generated using electric currents. This involves significant power dissipation by Joule heating effect. To optimize energy efficiency, manipulation of magnetic information with lower magnetic fields (i.e., lower electric currents) is desirable. This can be accomplished by reducing the coercivity of the actuated material. Here, a drastic reduction of coercivity is observed at room temperature in thick (≈600 nm), nanoporous, electrodeposited Cu–Ni films by simply subjecting them to the action of an electric field. The effect is due to voltage‐induced changes in the magnetic anisotropy. The large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio and the ultranarrow pore walls of the system allow the whole film, and not only the topmost surface, to effectively contribute to the observed magnetoelectric effect. This waives the stringent “ultrathin‐film requirement” from previous studies, where small voltage‐driven coercivity variations were reported. This observation expands the already wide range of applications of nanoporous materials (hitherto in areas like energy storage or catalysis) and it opens new paradigms in the fields of spintronics, computation, and magnetic actuation in general.
Differential InP HEMT MMIC Amplifiers Embedded in Waveguides (2009)

Monolithic microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) amplifiers of a type now being developed for operation at frequencies of hundreds of gigahertz contain InP high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) in a differential configuration. The differential configuration makes it possible to obtain gains greater than those of amplifiers having the single-ended configuration. To reduce losses associated with packaging, the MMIC chips are designed integrally with, and embedded in, waveguide packages, with the additional benefit that the packages are compact enough to fit into phased transmitting and/or receiving antenna arrays. Differential configurations (which are inherently balanced) have been used to extend the upper limits of operating frequencies of complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) amplifiers to the microwave range but, until now, have not been applied in millimeter- wave amplifier circuits. Baluns have traditionally been used to transform from single-ended to balanced configurations, but baluns tend to be lossy. Instead of baluns, finlines are used to effect this transformation in the present line of development. Finlines have been used extensively to drive millimeter- wave mixers in balanced configurations. In the present extension of the finline balancing concept, finline transitions are integrated onto the affected MMICs (see figure). The differential configuration creates a virtual ground within each pair of InP HEMT gate fingers, eliminating the need for inductive vias to ground. Elimination of these vias greatly reduces parasitic components of current and the associated losses within an amplifier, thereby enabling more nearly complete utilization of the full performance of each transistor. The differential configuration offers the additional benefit of multiplying (relative to the single-ended configuration) the input and output impedances of each transistor by a factor of four, so that it is possible to use large transistors that would otherwise have prohibitively low impedances. Yet another advantage afforded by the virtual ground of the differential configuration is elimination of the need for a ground plane and, hence, elimination of the need for back-side metallization of the MMIC chip. In turn, elimination of the back-side metallization simplifies fabrication, reduces parasitic capacitances, and enables mounting of the MMIC in the electric-field plane (E-plane) of a waveguide. E-plane mounting is consistent with (and essential for the utility of) the finline configuration, in which transmission lines lie on a dielectric sheet in the middle of a broad side of the waveguide. E-plane mounting offers a combination of low loss and ease of assembly because no millimeter-wave wire bonds or transition substrates are required. Moreover, because there is no ground plane behind the MMIC, the impedance for the detrimental even (single-ended) mode is high, suppressing coupling to that mode. Still another advantage of E-plane mounting is that the fundamental waveguide mode is inherently differential, eliminating the need for a balun to excite the differential mode.
Designing the Furin-Cleavable Linker in Recombinant Immunotoxins Based on <i>Pseudomonas</i> Exotoxin A (2015)

Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are fusion proteins that join antibodies to protein toxins for targeted cell killing. RITs armed with Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) are undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. The current design of PE-based RITs joins an antibody fragment to the catalytic domain of PE using a polypeptide linker that is cleaved by the protease furin. Intracellular cleavage of native PE by furin is required for cytotoxicity, yet the PE cleavage site has been shown to be a poor furin substrate. Here we describe the rational design of more efficiently cleaved furin linkers in PE-based RITs, and experiments evaluating their effects on cleavage and cytotoxicity. We found that changes to the furin site could greatly influence both cleavage and cytotoxicity, but the two parameters were not directly correlated. Furthermore, the effects of alterations to the furin linker were not universal. Identical mutations in the anti-CD22 RIT HA22-LR often displayed different cytotoxicity from mutations in the anti-mesothelin RIT SS1-LR/GGS, underscoring the prominent role of the target site in their intoxication pathways. Combining several beneficial mutations in HA22-LR resulted in a variant (HA22-LR/FUR) with a remarkably enhanced cleavage rate and improved cytotoxicity against five B cell lines and similar or enhanced cytotoxicity in five out of six hairy cell leukemia patient samples. This result informs the design of protease-sensitive linkers and suggests that HA22-LR/FUR may be a candidate for further preclinical development.
Anti-Cancer and Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Nano-Diamino-Tetrac, A Thyroid Hormone Derivative (2019)

The confirmation in several model systems of the αvß3-dependent anti-angiogenic properties of Nanotetrac and the proliferative action of thyroid hormone on multiple cancer cell lines caused us to examine Nanotetrac and tetrac for anti-cancer cell properties that originate at the integrin. The nanoparticulate formulation involved a stable ether bond of the outer ring of tetrac to a diaminopropane linker and amide-bonding of the latter to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). The amide bond was imbedded in the nanoparticle and thus not readily accessible to circulating or tissue peptidases. Studied in vitro in human retinal endothelial cells, Nanotetrac and tetrac inhibited the pro-angiogenic activity of Vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. The hemoglobin content of xenografts of cancer cells is an index of tumor vascularity/angiogenesis. Exposed in situ to systemically administered Nanotetrac, these xenografts have regularly exhibited a decrease of 50% or more in hemoglobin content.
Pharmacogenetic Determinant of the Drug Interaction Between Tacrolimus and Omeprazole (2012)

A 17-year-old adolescent with acute nephrotoxicity had CYP3A4-5, CYP2C19, and ABCB1 genotyping performed to understand a suspected drug interaction between tacrolimus and omeprazole. The determinant role of individual pharmacogenetic profile in the occurrence of tacrolimus nephrotoxicity is presented and discussed.
Field emission energy distribution analysis of wide-band-gap field emitters (1998)

Field emission from diamond and cubic boron nitride coated emitters has been investigated by field emission energy distribution (FEED) analysis. In order to study the mechanisms governing the emission process, we developed a modified FEED technique that consisted of measuring electron energy spectra as a function of the extraction voltage applied to the field emitter. This technique has led to a detailed study of band bending effects due to field penetration. Voltage drop across the emitting, wide-band-gap layers (thickness typ. 0.5 μm) was in the order of 1% of the applied extraction voltage. The observed FEED spectra and their dependence on the extraction voltage were explained in terms of a simplified band model. In nominally undoped diamond and cubic boron nitride samples, field emission was found to originate from the conduction band minimum. Injection of electrons from the metallic back contact into the wide-band-gap material has been identified as the essential limiting factor to the emission current. Mo2C interlayers between Mo back contacts and emitting diamond layers were formed by annealing at 500 °C for several hours and led to more stable emission currents, typically enhanced by more than one order of magnitude.
Neural implementation of psychological spaces (1998)

Psychological spaces give natural framework for construction of mental representations. Neural model of psychological spaces provides a link between neuroscience and psychology. Categorization performed in high-dimensional spaces by dynamical associative memorymodels is approximated with low-dimensional feedforward neural models calculating probability density functions in psychological spaces. Applications to the human categorization experiments are discussed. I. INTRODUCTION. Although great progress has been made in recent years in understanding how the brain generates behavior reconciliation of language used in psychology and language used in neuroscience still remains one of the most important problems. Roger Shepard in a paper &amp;quot;Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science&amp;quot; [1] wrote: &amp;quot;What is required is not more data or more refined data but a different conception of the problem&amp;quot;, pointingout that psychological laws should be formulated in appropriate psycho...
TNF‐α release in monocytes after exposure to calcium hydroxide treated <i>Escherichia coli</i> LPS (1997)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram negative anaerobic bacteria, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periapical disease resulting from infected root canals. Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] has been shown to be an effective medicament in such infections, reducing the microbial titre within the canal. It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of Ca(OH)2 may also be the result of direct inactivation of LPS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the toxic potential of an Escherichia coli LPS could be reduced or eliminated by Ca(OH)2. Four concentrations of E. coli LPS ranging from 1-1000 ng/ml sterile water were incubated in duplicate either with 25 mg Ca(OH)2 or sterile water alone. Controls consisted of Ca(OH)2 without LPS or sterile water only. Monocytes were collected from peripheral blood by centrifuging through a gradient and plated to a specific density. Adherent monocytes were incubated for 4 days at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 in M199 medium with 10% autologous serum. The different LPS solutions were added to the wells on day 5. After 4 h the supernatants were collected and quantitatively assayed for TNF-alpha using a commercial ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA. Results indicated that Ca(OH)2 is able to eliminate the ability of an E. coli LPS to stimulate TNF-alpha production in peripheral blood monocytes (P < 0.0001).