gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method of inverse calculation for regions of small susceptibility variations (1997)

The paper considers the determination, from a knowledge of the perturbation of a constant incident field, the susceptibility of regions where the susceptibility is 0.01 to 10 ppm different from the majority of the space of interest. This is pertinent to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and is an inverse problem. Two forward methods of calculating the B field are considered. First, the normal finite element method and secondly, the method of considering the induced polarity in the region of enhanced susceptibility, and calculating the difference field. The accuracies of the methods are explored and the induced polarity method is chosen for the inverse calculation. An iterative technique for inverse calculation is described utilising knowledge of the geometry of the problem, which is available from an MR plot. The numerical work is validated using experimental data from an MR imaging machine.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Mexiletine and Structural Analogues with Chiral tert‐Butanesulfinamide. (2015)

Abstract The approach relies on a two‐step condensation‐reduction procedure, and the stereochemical outcome is reversed by the appropriate reducing agent.
Intracavity doubled mode-locked and CW diode-pumped lasers (1992)

A CW-diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser producing 12.5 W of multimode output at 1.064 mu m is described. Mode locking and intracavity doubling produced 3 W of output at 0.532 mu m with an amplitude stability better than +or-1% rms. Up to 2.8 W at 0.532 mu m was obtained when the laser was run CW without mode locking. Stabilities equal to those obtained from the mode-locked laser were observed from the CW laser by axially rotating either the laser rod or KTP doubling crystal into a fixed relative orientation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
UPC++ v1.0 Programmer’s Guide, Revision 2022.3.0 (2022)

UPC++ is a C++ library that supports Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming. It is designed for writing efficient, scalable parallel programs on distributed-memory parallel computers. The key communication facilities in UPC++ are one-sided Remote Memory Access (RMA) and Remote Procedure Call (RPC). The UPC++ control model is single program, multiple-data (SPMD), with each separate constituent process having access to local memory as it would in C++. The PGAS memory model additionally provides one-sided RMA communication to a global address space, which is allocated in shared segments that are distributed over the processes. UPC++ also features Remote Procedure Call (RPC) communication, making it easy to move computation to operate on data that resides on remote processes. UPC++ was designed to support exascale high-performance computing, and the library interfaces and implementation are focused on maximizing scalability. In UPC++, all communication operations are syntactically explicit, which encourages programmers to consider the costs associated with communication and data movement. Moreover, all communication operations are asynchronous by default, encouraging programmers to seek opportunities for overlapping communication latencies with other useful work. UPC++ provides expressive and composable abstractions designed for efficiently managing aggressive use of asynchrony in programs. Together, these design principles are intended to enable programmers to write applications using UPC++ that perform well even on hundreds of thousands of cores.
Electroencephalography ( <scp>EEG</scp> ) (2005)

Abstract Electroencephalography is a measurement of the brain's electrical activity. It provides information about the timing of intracerebral processes which can be used in conjunction with anatomical information derived from hemodynamic studies to learn about events in the human brain.
Gamma-Ray Mirrors for Non-Destructive Assay (NDA) of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) (2014)

Abstract not provided
Challenges in the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis by GeneXpert MTB/Rif in Nepal (2018)

Introduction: GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay is an automated, cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test that can accurately detect both tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance. Since its introduction, there has been a steady uptake of this technology by the National Tuberculosis Program of Nepal. Nevertheless, a large number of drug-resistant TB cases remains undiagnosed. This study aims to examine the challenges in diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis by the GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay in Nepal and explore the possible solutions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study consisting of two parts – a quantitative part assessing the individual details and a qualitative part assessing the challenges on the diagnosis of drug-resistant TB by GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay. Data were collected from the GeneXpert operators, clinicians and program managers from 16 centers across the country and analyzed by IBM SPSS for Windows v23 and QDA Miner 4 Lite. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sociodemographic and other characteristics of the study participants using mean, standard deviation and proportions as appropriate. Results: A total of 48 technical manpower participated in the study. The mean age was 39.95 years and a majority of them (77.3%) were male. The major challenges identified were inadequate training, frequent power failure, difficulty in maintaining appropriate steady temperature, module failure which is often not replaced in time, issues with calibration and timely availability of cartridges as well as appropriate ways to store the new cartridges and safe disposal of the used cartridges. Conclusion: A number of challenges limit the optimal utilization of GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay warranting action.
Capturing 'in the moment' creativity through data triangulation (2011)

We present a first attempt at capturing 'in the moment' creativity (ITMC) through a triangulation self-report techniques, external judges, and physiological measures. In our study, participants were asked to sketch for 30 minutes while wearing GSR and EEG; then they retrospectively self-reported their creativity using a custom interface. External judges were also utilized to rate when participants were creative. Our initial results indicate high reliability for self-reporting ITMC, consensus between judges and participants, and that physiological measures trended according to the expectations from research. Our work sets the stage for more extensive research that makes use of temporal measures of creativity.
Natural Killer Response and Lipo-Metabolic Profile in Adults with Low HDL-Cholesterol and Mild Hypercholesterolemia: Beneficial Effects of Artichoke Leaf Extract Supplementation (2019)

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of 60-day artichoke leaf extract (ALE) supplementation (250mg, twice daily) on cytokines levels, natural killer cell (NK) response, and lipo-metabolic profile (HDL, LDL, and total-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), ApoB, ApoA, lipid accumulation product (LAP), glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) in twenty adults (9/11 males/females, age=49.10 ± 13.74 years, and BMI=33.12 ± 5.14 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) with low HDL-C and mild hypercholesterolemia. Hierarchical generalized linear model, adjusted for sex, BMI, and age, has been used to evaluate pre-post treatment changes. A significant increase for HDL-C (<i>β</i>=0.14, p=0.0008) and MCP-1 (<i>β</i>=144.77, p=0.004) and a significant decrease for ApoB/ApoA (<i>β</i>=-0.07, p=0.03), total-C/HDL-C ratio (<i>β</i>=-0.58, p<0.001), and NK response at stimulus low (<i>β</i>=0.43, p=0.04), medium (<i>β</i>=0.40, p<0.001), and high (<i>β</i>=0.42, p=0.001) have been found. These results support the benefits of ALE supplementation on metabolic profile.
Relationships in Alzheimer's disease between the extent of Aβ deposition in cerebral blood vessel walls, as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and the amount of cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells and collagen (2006)

The relationship between degree of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and the amount of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and deposition of collagen IV fibres (COL IV) was investigated in the frontal and occipital cortex of 70 patients with autopsy confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extent of CAA was significantly greater in occipital than in frontal cortex, although SMC loss was greater in frontal than in occipital cortex. COL IV staining was significantly higher in occipital than in frontal cortex. The degree of SMC loss correlated with CAA, as Abeta40 but not as Abeta42 or total Abeta, in frontal cortex, but not in occipital cortex. Leptomeningeal arteries within occipital cortex showed significantly greater external diameter, greater wall thickness and greater luminal area than those in frontal cortex. The degree of CAA correlated with thickness of blood vessel wall and external diameter in frontal cortex, whereas extent of SMC loss correlated with thickness of blood vessel wall in occipital cortex. There were significant negative correlations between duration of disease and thickness of vessel wall, external diameter and luminal area. In patients with disease durations exceeding 10 years, external vessel diameter and thickness of the vessel wall were both halved compared with patients with durations less than 5 years; luminal area was reduced by about 75%. Blood vessels in AD undergo degenerative changes involving deposition of Abeta and COL IV with loss of SMC. SMC loss may relate to increasing Abeta deposition in early stages of disease, but this relationship may be lost with disease progression.
Comparison of Multivariate Calibration Techniques for Mid-IR Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Blood Serum Constituents (1994)

Determination of glucose and other clinically important blood constituents based on IR spectrometry and multivariate calibration techniques, such as partial least-squares (PLS) and principal components regression (PCR), has been an active research area. In our recent investigations of glucose determination in undiluted human whole blood samples, we noticed that the application of multivariate calibration based on PLS in combination with adaptive neural networks (PLS-ANN) resulted in significant improvement in glucose prediction compared with results from either the PLS or PCR technique. In the study reported here, we have applied this technique for the determination of different constituents in human blood serum. The specific objective of this study was to compare the capabilities of the PLS, PCR, and PLS-ANN techniques for the prediction of cholesterol, total proteins, glucose, and urea in human blood serum samples.
Recommending Machine Translation Output to Translators by Estimating Translation Effort: A Case Study (2013)

In this paper we use the statistics provided by a field experiment to explore the utility of supplying machine translation suggestions in a computer-assisted translation (CAT) environment. Regression models are trained for each user in order to estimate the time to edit (TTE) for the current translation segment. We use a combination of features from the current segment and aggregated features from formerly translated segments selected with content-based filtering approaches commonly used in recommendation systems. We present and evaluate decision function heuristics to determine if machine translation output will be useful for the translator in the given segment. We find that our regression models do a reasonable job for some users in predicting TTE given only a small number of training examples; although noise in the actual TTE for seemingly similar segments yields large error margins. We propose to include the estimation of TTE in CAT recommendation systems as a well-correlated metric for translation quality.
A Rice Cytochrome P450<i>OsCYP84A</i>That May Interact with the UV Tolerance Pathway (2010)

Cytochrome P450s are widespread in the plant kingdom. The functions of plant P450s are dispersed through many aspects of plant metabolisms, which are involved in the biosynthesis of defense compounds and protectants against ultraviolet rays, as well as metabolic pathways for the biosynthesis and/or degradation of fatty acids, hormones, and signaling molecules. We found a gene for rice P450, OsCYP84A, which was classified into CYP84A in the CYP71 clan. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that this gene was ubiquitously expressed without any temporal and spatial specificity under normal growth conditions, but its expression was inducibly and significantly increased by ultraviolet (UV)-B and UV-C irradiation. Rice transformants in which OsCYP84A expression was suppressed by the antisense gene showed apparent growth retardation with obvious symptoms of damage on the plant bodies under UV-B irradiation, although no phenotypic alteration occurred under normal growth conditions. These results suggest the existence of a novel UV-tolerance system involving OsCYP84A.
A time series approach to design of a permanent magnet synchronous generator for a direct-drive wind turbine (2008)

The design of a permanent magnet generator for a wind turbine is studied. The best generator is chosen from a range of designs based on minimizing material cost and energy loss. The main loss mechanisms in an air-cored machine are copper and eddy current losses. The energy lost for each design is evaluated in the steady-state and then in the time domain so as to better take into account the thermal behavior of the machines.
Hierarchical estimation of a dense deformation field for 3-D robust registration (2001)

A new method for medical image registration is formulated as a minimization problem involving robust estimators. We propose an efficient hierarchical optimization framework which is both multiresolution and multigrid. An anatomical segmentation of the cortex is introduced in the adaptive partitioning of the volume on which the multigrid minimization is based. This allows to limit the estimation to the areas of interest, to accelerate the algorithm, and to refine the estimation in specified areas. At each stage of the hierarchical estimation, we refine current estimate by seeking a piecewise affine model for the incremental deformation field. The performance of this method is numerically evaluated on simulated data and its benefits and robustness are shown on a database of 18 magnetic resonance imaging scans of the head.
Design and Characterization of 3D Printed, Open-Source Actuators for Legged Locomotion (2022)

Impressive animal locomotion capabilities are mediated by the co-evolution of the skeletal morphology and muscular properties. Legged robot performance would also likely benefit from the co-optimization of actuators and leg morphology. However, development of custom actuators for legged robots is often expensive and time consuming, which discourages roboticists from pursuing performance gains afforded by application-specific actuator optimization. This paper presents open-source designs for two quasi-direct-drive actuators with performance regimes appropriate for an 8--15 kg robot, built completely with off the shelf and 3D-printed components for less than $200 USD each. The mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of each actuator are characterized and compared to benchmark data. Actuators subjected to 420k strides of gait data experienced only a 2% reduction in efficiency and 26 mrad in backlash growth, demonstrating viability for rigorous and sustained research applications. We present a thermal solution that nearly doubles the thermally-driven torque limits of our plastic actuator design. The performance results are comparable to traditional metallic actuators for use in high-speed legged robots of the same scale. These 3D printed designs demonstrate an approach for designing and characterizing low-cost, highly customizable, and highly reproducible actuators, democratizing the field of actuator design and enabling co-design and optimization of actuators and robot legs.
Severe hyposmia distinguishes neuropathologically confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer’s disease dementia (2020)

Many subjects with neuropathologically-confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are never diagnosed during life, instead being categorized as Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) or unspecified dementia. Unrecognized DLB therefore is a critical impediment to clinical studies and treatment trials of both ADD and DLB. There are studies that suggest that olfactory function tests may be able to distinguish DLB from ADD, but few of these had neuropathological confirmation of diagnosis. We compared University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) results in 257 subjects that went on to autopsy and neuropathological examination. Consensus clinicopathological diagnostic criteria were used to define ADD and DLB, as well as Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), with (PDD+AD) or without (PDD-AD) concurrent AD; a group with ADD and Lewy body disease (LBD) not meeting criteria for DLB (ADLB) and a clinically normal control group were also included. The subjects with DLB, PDD+AD and PDD-AD all had lower (one-way ANOVA p < 0.0001, pairwise Bonferroni p < 0.05) first and mean UPSIT scores than the ADD, ADLB or control groups. For DLB subjects with first and mean UPSIT scores less than 20 and 17, respectively, Firth logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender and mean MMSE score, conferred statistically significant odds ratios of 17.5 and 18.0 for the diagnosis, vs ADD. For other group comparisons (PDD+AD and PDD-AD vs ADD) and UPSIT cutoffs of 17, the same analyses resulted in odds ratios ranging from 16.3 to 31.6 (p < 0.0001). To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date comparing olfactory function in subjects with neuropathologically-confirmed LBD and ADD. Olfactory function testing may be a convenient and inexpensive strategy for enriching dementia studies or clinical trials with DLB subjects, or conversely, reducing the inclusion of DLB subjects in ADD studies or trials.
Reaction mechanisms in talc under ionizing radiation: evidence of high stability of H atoms (2015)

International audience
An Investigation of Active Roll Control of Heavy Road Vehicles (1994)

SUMMARYThis paper describes an investigation of active roll control of heavy road vehicles. Results from handling tests performed on an articulated vehicle are used to validate a nonlinear simulation of the vehicle. A simple linear model of the vehicle is used to investigate three strategies for active roll control. The strategies are then implemented on the validated nonlinear model.
Iatrogenic esophageal perforation during fundoplication: treatment with endoscopic negative pressure therapy (2019)

Iatrogenic esophageal perforation caused by insertion of a gastric tube during a fundoplication operation is a severe and rare intraoperative complication. A 64-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Intraoperatively, a large-bore gastric tube was inserted as a placeholder for the esophageal lumen. At 5 days after the procedure, increasing inflammation parameters and thoracic pain led to endoscopic examination.
Cytological identification of telotrisomic and double ditelosomic lines in <i>Secale cereale</i> cv. Heines Hellkorn by means of Giemsa C-banding patterns and crosses with wheat–rye addition lines (1987)

Seven telotrisomic lines (1RS, 1RL, 2RS, 2RL, 3RS acro, 5RS, and 6RS), two double monotelosomic, and two double ditelosomic lines of Secale cereale cv. Heines Hellkorn were analyzed by means of Giemsa C-banding techniques. In crosses with several wheat–rye chromosome addition lines, the telosomic chromosomes in double ditelosomic lines 1/23 and 3/23 were found to be homologous to chromosomes 1R and 2RL of cv. Imperial rye. The C-banding pattern observed for the telosomes in these lines was similar to that detected in the 1R and 2R telosomics of the corresponding telotrisomic lines. Key words: Secale cereale, telotrisomics, double ditelosomics, C-banding pattern.
Crystallographic dependence of recoiled<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>-ion fractions from Ni{100}<i>c</i>(2×2)-O and NiO{100} surfaces (1993)

The negative-ion fractions of oxygen directly recoiled from a Ni{100}c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)-O and a NiO{100} surface have been measured as a function of the crystal azimuthal angle and the recoiled atom exit trajectory from the surface. The data exhibit a pronounced angular dependence of the ion fractions, i.e., the recoiled ${\mathrm{O}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ion survival probability depends on both its perpendicular velocity and the distance between the recoiled ${\mathrm{O}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and the chemisorbed O atoms and Ni substrate atoms. A theoretical analysis of the data suggests that at steep exit angles, the angular dependence of the ion fraction is dominated by the lateral dependence of the survival probability of a negative-ion state oriented perpendicular to the surface. At grazing exit angles, the angular structure of the negative-ion fraction is due to the lateral dependence of the probability of formation of negative-ion states oriented along the surface. These combined experimental and theoretical results for charge transfer provide a detailed microscopic map of the local electron tunneling rates between an individual atom and the surface.
Table S3, S4 and S5 from Preclinical Activity of Abemaciclib Alone or in Combination with Antimitotic and Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;File containing three supplemental tables listing the mean tumor volumes and responses in the ER+/HER2-, HER2+/ER+ and TNBC xenografts&lt;/p&gt;
Same vendor, version‐to‐version upgrade decision support model for commercial off‐the‐shelf productivity applications (2006)

Abstract Commercial Off‐the‐Shelf (COTS) Productivity Applications have provided a reliable, convenient, and consistent productivity environment for commercial, government, and personal users for over two decades. Vendors today, such as Microsoft and Adobe, typically deliver new capabilities as follow‐on versions or upgrades to existing product lines. Annually, corporations needlessly spend millions of dollars investing in follow‐on versions of currently deployed applications without adequately evaluating upgrade decisions. Exacerbating the problem, vendors release new versions of their productivity applications with increasingly shorter intervals, advertising them as full of new and ‘‘must have’’ capabilities. The decision to upgrade is challenging. Unfortunately, there is a lack of ‘‘same vendor, version‐to‐version’’ upgrade decision support models to assist Information Technology (IT) decision‐makers whether to upgrade or not. As a result, IT decision makers typically employ general strategies that are not based on clear, well‐defined decision attributes, which, in turn, waste valuable IT resources. This research effort proposes an upgrade decision support model for COTS productivity applications based on a multivariable, scenario‐based survey of IT professionals. Using logistic regression analysis, a model is developed using an iterative approach to isolate contributing survey attributes and to produce a statistically significant model. The proposed logistic regression model produces an output based on the probability of upgrading intended to assist an IT professional in productivity application upgrade decisions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 9: 296–312, 2006