gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The telomere-mitochondrial axis of aging in newborns (2022)

Aging starts at the beginning of life as evidenced by high variability in telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) at birth. Whether p53 and PGC-1α are connected to these age-related markers in early life is unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that these hallmarks of aging are associated at birth. In 613 newborns from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, p53 and PGC-1α protein levels were measured in cord plasma, while TL and mtDNAc were measured in both cord blood and placental tissue. Cord blood methylation data of genes corresponding to the measured protein levels were available from the Human MethylationEPIC 850K BeadChip array. Pearson correlations and linear regression models were applied while accounting for selected covariates. In cord, a 10% increase in TL was associated with 5.22% (95% CI: 3.26 to 7.22; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) higher mtDNAc and -2.66% (95% CI: -5.04 to -0.23%; <i>p</i> = 0.032) lower p53 plasma level. In placenta, a 10% increase in TL was associated with 5.46% (95% CI: 3.82 to 7.13%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) higher mtDNAc and -2.42% (95% CI: -4.29 to -0.52; <i>p</i> = 0.0098) lower p53 plasma level. Methylation level of TP53 was correlated with TL and mtDNAc in cord blood and with cord plasma p53 level. Our study suggests that p53 may be an important factor both at the protein and methylation level for the telomere-mitochondrial axis of aging at birth.
Real-world analysis of healthcare resource utilization by patients with X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) in the United States (2023)

This innovative medical claims analysis shows substantial healthcare resource use in XLMTM patients that increased over the last 5 years. Most patients required respiratory and feeding support and experienced multiple hospitalizations throughout childhood and beyond for those that survived. This pattern delineation will inform outcome assessments with the emergence of novel therapies and supportive care measures.
Airway Exchange Failure and Complications with the Use of the Cook Airway Exchange Catheter® (2013)

There are limited data on rates of failure and airway injury with the use of airway exchange catheters. We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of airway exchange catheters to determine the incidence and associated factors for tube exchange failure and airway injury. Among 1177 cases, failed intubation during attempted tube exchange was noted in 73/527 (13.8%). Airway exchange failure rates were greatest during exchange catheter use for double-lumen tube insertion and when intubation was attempted over the catheter postoperatively. Pneumothorax was noted after 1.5% of attempted tube exchanges. Difficult tube exchange was encountered in 6 of 8 patients with pneumothorax.
4 Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (2019)

This chapter provides an overview of Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) including surgical technique and pearls, reported outcomes, routine postoperative management, and diagnosis and management of postoperative complications. Throughout the chapter comparative data with other endothelial keratoplasty (EK) techniques are included to provide the reader with a full perspective of the different EK alternatives.
Thiamin Function, Metabolism, Uptake, and Transport (2014)

Vitamins are crucial components in the diet of animals and many other living organisms. One of these essential nutrients, thiamin, is known to be involved in several cell functions, including energy metabolism and the degradation of sugars and carbon skeletons. Other roles that are connected to this vitamin are neuronal communication, immune system activation, signaling and maintenance processes in cells and tissues, and cell-membrane dynamics. Because of the key functions of thiamin, uptake and transport through the body are crucial. Its uptake route is relatively complex, encompassing a variety of protein families, including the solute carrier anion transporters, the alkaline phosphatase transport system, and the human extraneuronal monoamine transporter family, some of which are multispecific proteins. There are two known structures of protein (subunits) involved in thiamin uptake in prokaryotes. Binding of thiamin to these proteins is strongly guided by electrostatic interactions. The lack of structural information about thiamin binding proteins for higher organisms remains a bottleneck for understanding the uptake process of thiamin in atomic detail. This review includes recent data on thiamin metabolism, related deficiencies and pathologies, and the latest findings on thiamin binding transporters.
Generalized transfer matrix model for dipole radiation-dynamics modification in layered media: application to incoherent light-emitting structures in thin film geometry (2022)

Incoherent light-emitting structures are of key interest for many fields in optoelectronics and spontaneous emission is the physical phenomenon underlying their light emission process. In this paper, we propose a novel full-matrix algebraic framework for modeling spontaneous emission modification from radiating electric dipoles in layered media. This formalism generalizes the standard 2 × 2 transfer-matrices into a compact 3 × 3 framework, which thus allows to treat dipole radiation directly into the matrix formulation as a source matrix. Its accuracy has been confirmed by incoherent 3D-FDTD. It has then been extended to complex emitter regions with both spectral and spatial distributions using incoherent combination. Finally, we applied this approach to various examples to demonstrate its applicability. Since it only requires modest computational efforts, we hope that this model can help better understand spontaneous emission dynamics in layered media and thus pave the way to novel design guidelines for devices in many fields of optoelectronics.
Pyromellitic‐Diimide‐Based Liquid Material Forming an Exciplex with Naphthalene (2023)

Abstract We report a liquid material based on a pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) framework with branched alkyl chains for the first time. An electron‐accepting PMDI‐based liquid can dissolve electron‐donating solid naphthalene. This liquid demonstrates green photoluminescence (PL) originating from exciplex formation, the properties of which are different from those of the PMDI‐based liquid and naphthalene. The photophysical behavior was investigated by measuring PL spectra and undertaking excited‐state decay measurements.
Implantes extracortos en mandíbulas con extrema reabsorción vertical: serie de casos (2019)

Introducción: el uso de los implantes extracortos permite la rehabilitación de extremas reabsorciones. Esto obliga en ocasiones a la utilización de prótesis sobre los mismos con una proporción corona-implante desfavorable llegando a ratios de 2:1 o de 3:1 en los casos más extremos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un análisis de casos clínicos donde se insertaron implantes extracortos con un reborde residual (menor o igual a 5,5mm) y tiempo de carga mínimo de seis meses. Se realizó una prueba de chi-cuadrado para las variables categóricas y una t de Student para las variables continuas. Posteriormente, se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal ajustados. Resultados: fueron reclutados seis casos a los que se les insertaron implantes extracortos. El 21,2% de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio fueron hombres y el 78,8% mujeres, con una edad media de 57 años. La proporción corona-implante medio fue de 3,19 (+/- 0,24). La media de la pérdida ósea mesial de los implantes estudiados fue de 0,86mm (+/- 0,33) y la media de la pérdida ósea prodistal fue de 0,83mm (+/- 0,47). Cuando se analizó la pérdida ósea mesial y distal en función proporción no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,224). Conclusiones: el uso de implantes extracortos no es un factor de riesgo para la pérdida ósea crestal o para el fracaso de la prótesis o del implante según los datos aportados por este estudio aun cuando la proporción corona-implante sea superior a tres.
Locally-Adaptive Virtual Environments in Persistent-state Multi-player Games (2004)

We present a generic model for adaptation in large scale, persistent state computer games that allows the virtual world to change automatically, with reasonable eciency. We demonstrate the utility of our technique through two dierent forms of dynamic common game content: 1) a basic weather cycle that adapts wind, rain and water accumulation to variations and changes in a large-scale terrain, and 2) a simple reputation sys-tem that allows agents in the virtual world to respond appropriately to a player&amp;apos;s actual behaviour in a game. 1
Integration of Exhaust Gas Recirculation, Selective Catalytic Reduction, Diesel Particulate Filters, and Fuel-Borne Catalyst for NOx/PM Reduction (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has long been used in gasoline and light-duty diesel engines as a NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; reduction tool. Recently imposed emission regulations led several heavy-duty diesel engine manufacturers to adopt EGR as part of their strategy to reduce NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;. The effectiveness of this technology has been widely documented, with NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; reduction in the range of 40 to 50 percent having been recorded. An inevitable consequence of this strategy is an increase in particulate emission, especially if EGR was used in high engine load modes.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Selective catalytic reduction (SCR), a method for NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; reduction, is widely used in stationary applications. There is growing interest and activity to apply it to mobile fleets equipped with heavy-duty diesel engines. Results of this work indicate that SCR has the potential to dramatically reduce NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; in diesel exhaust. Reductions greater than 70 percent were reported by several including the Institute's previous work (SAE Paper No. &lt;a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/1999-01-3564" target="_blank"&gt;1999-01-3564&lt;/a&gt;). Some limitations of this NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; reduction method may include low exhaust temperatures into the catalyst such as those experienced in low engine load conditions, and potential ammonia slip resulting from high urea rates required for good NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; conversion.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Diesel particulate filters (DPF), known for their ability in reducing PM, have previously suffered from regeneration, reliability, and durability problems. Now they are being included in plans for serial production. In their advanced development and planned production configurations, DPFs may use fuel-borne catalysts (FBC) to improve their overall performance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Development and evaluation of these technologies performed at SwRI indicated that EGR was best suited for part load conditions, while SCR was better for high load conditions. This paper describes the application of EGR, SCR and DPF technology to a heavy-duty on-highway diesel engine. Regeneration as well as the overall performance of the DPF was further enhanced with a cerium-based fuel-borne catalyst.&lt;/div&gt;
The Architectural Organization of Human Stem Cell Cycle Regulatory Machinery (2012)

Two striking features of human embryonic stem cells that support biological activity are an abbreviated cell cycle and reduced complexity to nuclear organization. The potential implications for rapid proliferation of human embryonic stem cells within the context of sustaining pluripotency, suppressing phenotypic gene expression and linkage to simplicity in the architectural compartmentalization of regulatory machinery in nuclear microenvironments is explored. Characterization of the molecular and architectural commitment steps that license human embryonic stem cells to initiate histone gene expression is providing understanding of the principal regulatory mechanisms that control the G1/S phase transition in primitive pluripotent cells. From both fundamental regulatory and clinical perspectives, further understanding of the pluripotent cell cycle in relation to compartmentalization of regulatory machinery in nuclear microenvironments is relevant to applications of stem cells for regenerative medicine and new dimensions to therapy where traditional drug discovery strategies have been minimally effective.
Insulin Internalization into Monocytes Is Decreased in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus* (1986)

We studied the internalization of [125I]insulin into circulating human monocytes, a cell type widely used for insulin binding studies. The internalization of [125I]insulin was assessed by both an acid extraction technique, which removes surface-bound insulin but not intracellular insulin, and by a trypsinization technique, which removes cell surface-bound hormone. After 5 h of incubation at 22 C, over 40% of the total cell-associated [125I]insulin was internalized into monocytes of normal subjects. This internalization was temperature dependent; the fraction of internalized hormone was progressively decreased when the incubation temperature was reduced from 37 to 4 C. Treatment of monocytes with increasing concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol also decreased [125I]insulin internalization, whereas dansylcadaverine, an inhibitor of transglutaminase, had no effect. Analysis by gel filtration of the internalized labeled hormone after 4 h of incubation at 22 C indicated that 50-60% of the label was degraded insulin, but detectable intact insulin was still present. Internalization of insulin was then studied in monocytes from eight obese patients (161% of ideal body weight) with type II diabetes mellitus. After 4 h of incubation at 22 C, the specific total monocyte-associated [125I]insulin was decreased compared to that in cells from 7 normal subjects [6.02 +/- 0.38% (+/- SE) vs. 3.91 +/- 0.31% of the total; P less than 0.001]. Moreover, the percentage of hormone that was internalized was also decreased from 41.4 +/- 1.2% of the total to 28.9 +/- 1.8% (P less than 0.001). In 20 nondiabetic obese subjects, specific cell-associated [125I]insulin was reduced to 3.9 +/- 0.3% (P less than 0.001). However, compared to that in normal subjects, the percentage of hormone that was internalized was not decreased (39.7 +/- 3.51% of the total). The present findings indicate that human circulating monocytes internalize [125I]insulin; this process is temperature and energy dependent; and monocytes from obese type II diabetic patients have a significantly decreased ability to internalize insulin. This decreased internalization may play a role in the cellular resistance to insulin that occurs in these patients.
Efficient Stacking on Protein Amide Fragments (2013)

The less polar π-surface of protein amide groups is exposed in many receptor binding sites, either as part of the backbone or in Gln/Asn side chains. Using quantum chemical calculations and Protein Data Bank (PDB) searches on model systems, we investigate the energetics and geometric preferences for the stacking on amide groups of a large number of heteroarenes that are relevant to medicinal chemistry. From this study, we discern that the stacking energy of an aromatic ligand substituent can be improved by: 1) orienting the fragment dipole vector such that it is aligned in an antiparallel fashion with the dipole of the interacting protein amide group, 2) increasing its dipole moment, and 3) decreasing its π-electron density. These guidelines should be helpful to more rationally exploit this interaction type in future structure-based drug design.
Reporter gene recombination in juxtaglomerular granular and collecting duct cells by human renin promoter-Cre recombinase transgene (2006)

To assess the feasibility of using the renin promoter for expressing Cre recombinase in juxtaglomerular (JG) cells only, we generated five independent transgenic mouse lines (designated hRen-Cre) expressing Cre recombinase under control of a 12.2-kb human renin promoter. In the kidneys of adult mice Cre mRNA (RT-PCR) was found in the renal cortex, with Cre protein (immunohistochemistry) being localized in afferent arterioles and to a lower degree in interlobular arteries. Cre mRNA levels were regulated in a renin-typical fashion by changes in oral salt intake, water restriction, or isoproterenol infusion, indicating the presence of key regulatory elements within 12.2 kb of the 5'-flanking region of the human renin gene. hRen-Cre mice were interbred with both the ROSA26-EGFP and ROSA26-lacZ reporter strains to assess renin promoter activity from Cre-mediated excision of a floxed stop cassette and subsequent enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) detection. In adult mice, beta-gal staining and EGFP were observed in afferent arterioles and interlobular arteries, overlapping with Cre protein expression. In addition, intense beta-gal staining was found in cortical and medullary collecting ducts where Cre expression was minimal. In embryonic kidneys, beta-gal staining was detected in the developing collecting duct system beginning at embryonic day 12, showing substantial activity of the human renin promoter in the branching ureteric bud. Our data indicate that besides its well-known activity in JG cells and renal vessels the human renin promoter is transiently active in the collecting duct system during kidney development, complicating the use of this approach for JG cell-specific excision of floxed targets.
Lipid Nanotube Encapsulating Method for Two- and Three-Dimensional Transmission Electron Microscopy Analyses of Cage-Shaped Proteins (2008)

A novel, sample-fixation technique for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is proposed. We encapsulated various samples in one-dimensional hollow cylinders of a glycolipid nanotube (LNT) and found it to be highly stable, flexible, and reproducible. The cylindrical shape of the LNT allows us to observe nanomaterials consistently even when the samples are rotated around the tube axis. This is critical in improving TEM computed tomography (CT), which suffers from the loss of the electron beam at high tilting angles because of the increased effective thickness of the supporting film. This technique makes it possible to reconstruct three-dimensional images from weak-signal TEM images. In this work, we examined two types of cage-shaped proteins, ferritin, and DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps). We reconstructed three-dimensional images of Fe cores from zero-loss images or from electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping images obtained with the Fe M2,3 edge. We also applied negative staining and vitreous ice embedding (VIE). These results show the potential of the LNT encapsulation technique.
Feasibility analysis for a manned mars free-return mission in 2018 (2013)

In 1998 Patel et al searched for Earth-Mars free-return trajectories that leave Earth, fly by Mars, and return to Earth without any deterministic maneuvers after Trans-Mars Injection. They found fast trajectory opportunities occurring two times every 15 years with a 1.4-year duration, significantly less than most Mars free return trajectories, which take up to 3.5 years. This paper investigates these fast trajectories. It also determines the launch and life support feasibility of flying such a mission using hardware expected to be available in time for an optimized fast trajectory opportunity in January, 2018.
Roughness power spectral density as a function of aerial image and basic process/resist parameter (2019)

Linewidth Roughness (LWR) remains a difficult challenge for improvement in all resist materials. In previous work we focused on the impact of key components of LWR by analyzing the Power Spectral Density (PSD) curves which can be obtained using Fractilia’s MetroLER computational software. [1] By measuring the unbiased PSD (with SEM image noise removed), accurate assessment of PSD(0) (the low-frequency limit of the PSD) and correlation length (the length scale of the transition from white to correlated noise) is possible. We showed there was an important relationship between ArF resist frequency components and LWR through lithographic process (before and after a resist trim step) as a function of resist formulation. In this paper we will study how key frequency components such as PSD(0) and correlation length change as we vary basic resist properties such as diffusion. The impact of aerial image on LWR and its frequency components will also be studied with particular attention to how correlation length affects LWR as feature size decreases. We will also look at the impact of diffusion or resist blur on PSD(0) as a function of aerial image Normalized Image Log-Slope (NILS). Understanding the relationship between PSD(0) and correlation length and how to manipulate these variables to minimize LWR for different features is crucial for more rapid LWR improvement at different nodes. [1] Charlotte Cutler, et al., “Roughness power spectral density as a function of resist parameters and its impact through process,” Proc. SPIE 10587, Optical Microlithography XXXI, 1058707 (23 March 2018).
Low temperature low voltage operation of HEMTs on InP (1994)

Pseudomorphic single recessed Al.48In.52As/Ga.30In.70As/AlInAs pseudomorphic HEMTs (PM-HEMT) on InP with planar doping and gatelength 0.2µm are investigated at cryogenic temperatures (50K) for their high frequency intrinsic transport properties at low drain bias voltage. Transient drain current measurements are compared with DC characteristics and show the evolution of trapping effects versus drain voltage. HF measurements show that at low temperature drain current saturates at drain voltage as low as 0.5V with nearly maximum transconductance (≈ 800mS/mm) and very high intrinsic cut-off frequency (≈ 190GHz). In these ultrashort gate HEMTs, cryogenic temperatures bring the best relative improvement of intrinsic device transport properties (≈ 60%) at very low drain voltages (0.5V).
Hardware Implementation of a RSS Localization Algorithm for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (2015)

The paper presents an algorithm for localization of endoscopic capsules inside the human body. The goal is to determine the position of capsules by measuring the power of received electromagnetic signal on the human skin taking into account losses within the body. The algorithm was first developed and simulated in MATLAB. Simulation results prove its high accuracy and indicate the optimal antenna configuration. Then a C model was generated and modified to comply with standards of system-level modeling languages. Catapult C tool was used for system-level synthesis and generation of a RTL hardware model. Low power dissipation and small hardware area were achieved by ASIC implementation in a 130 nm bulk CMOS technology.
Deep convolutional neural network target classification for underwater synthetic aperture sonar imagery (2019)

In underwater synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery, there is a need for accurate target recognition algorithms. Automated detection of underwater objects has many applications, not the least of which being the safe extraction of dangerous explosives. In this paper, we discuss experiments on a deep learning approach to binary classification of target and non-target SAS image tiles. Using a fused anomaly detector, the pixels in each SAS image have been narrowed down into regions of interest (ROIs), from which small target-sized tiles are extracted. This tile data set is created prior to the work done in this paper. Our objective is to carry out extensive tests on the classification accuracy of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using location-based cross validation. Here we discuss the results of varying network architectures, hyperparameters, loss, and activation functions; in conjunction with an analysis of training and testing set configuration. It is also in our interest to analyze these unique network setups extensively, rather than comparing merely classification accuracy. The approach is tested on a collection of SAS imagery.