gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) complications with venetoclax (VEN) in CLL. (2018)

7526 Background: VEN can cause rapid tumor debulking in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory CLL. Current VEN dosing schedule with TLS prophylaxis/monitoring averts overt TLS, but further data on emergent biochemical changes during VEN initiation are needed to guide practice. Methods: Pts were included from phase 2 trials of VEN for CLL with del(17p) (n = 51) or prior BCRi therapy (n = 117). VEN started at 20 mg QD with ramp up to 400 mg over 5 wk. Pts were categorized as low (L) TLS risk (nodes < 5 cm and ALC < 25), medium (M; node ≥5 – < 10 cm or ALC ≥25), or high (H; node ≥10 cm or ≥5 cm and ALC ≥25). Laboratory values, AEs, and relevant concomitant medications during ramp up were analyzed. Results: TLS risk was categorized as 36% L, 36% M, and 27% H (see Table). 96% of pts completed ramp up; most in 5 wk. TLS AEs were reported in 4 pts (2 M; 2 H), with no clinical TLS and 1 laboratory TLS meeting Howard criteria (HC*). During VEN ramp up, 114 pts had potassium (K) > upper limit of normal (ULN) (1 K > HC); 21 were treated for rising or sustained K > ULN. 16 of these 21 had pre-VEN initiation K > ULN. 5/21 pts interrupted VEN for 1 day and all restarted VEN. 119 pts had phosphate (P) > ULN. 20 pts received P binder for P > HC during VEN ramp up and all others resolved without additional medication. Most instances were isolated; 4 pts had concurrent calcium (Ca2+) or uric acid (UA) changes, and P was not treated in these cases. 70% of pts received allopurinol and 20% allopurinol and rasburicase at VEN start. 6 pts received rasburicase in addition to ongoing prophylaxis. Though 144 pts had Ca2+ < lower limit of normal (LLN), only 6 were treated. Conclusions: Despite the frequency of K > ULN, treatment was applied in 13% of pts for rising or sustained elevation, and most had pre-VEN K > ULN. Most cases of P > ULN were isolated, asymptomatic, and resolved without intervention. VEN causes rapid tumor cytoreduction consistent with analyte changes, though clinical sequelae are rare and mitigated by approved dose ramp up, TLS prophylaxis/monitoring, and timely intervention. Clinical trial information: NCT01889186, NCT02141282. TLS risk n of pts L n = 61 M n = 61 H n = 46 All N = 168 K > ULN 41 40 33 114 > 6 mmol/L* 0 1 0 1 Treated 4 10 7 21 P > ULN 34 44 41 119 > 1.5 mmol/L* 18 27 34 79 Treated 1 8 11 20 Ca2+ < LLN 45 58 41 144 < 0.3 µmol/L* 0 4 4 8 Treated 0 3 3 6 UA > ULN 3 4 6 13 > 476 µmol/L* 2 2 4 8 Treated 2 1 3 6
Developments in laser processing of optical fibre radiation sensors (2021)

We present simple and robust designs for optical fiber radiation sensors for dosimetry applications, focusing on improved light gathering efficiency. More specifically, we examined the implementation of compound parabolic concentrators (CPC) using scintillator-based optical fibers. The fabrication of the parabolic concentrator is achieved by femtosecond micromachining at the end face of the polymer fiber. Furthermore, we consider the luminous properties of Gadolinium Oxysulfide (GADOX), an inorganic compound usually used in ceramic scintillators, as an alternative and combine it with laser-shaped polymer optical fibers (POF). The simplicity and ease of implementation of the sensor designs offers the prospect of distributed sensors; adding a wavelength shifting element is discussed to make the sensor more adaptable depending on the selected interrogation system.
LAPAROTOMY PREVENTS LETHAL ENDOTOXEMIA IN A MURINE SEQUENTIAL INSULT MODEL BY AN IL-10-DEPENDENT MECHANISM (2000)

Multiple organ dysfunction and death are common sequelae after mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury as seen with mesenteric revascularization and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. A second insult such as bacterial pneumonia occurring subsequent to the ischemia-reperfusion injury may contribute to these untoward effects. We hypothesized the sequential visceral/lower torso ischemia-reperfusion and endotoxemia in a murine model would increase the magnitude of the proinflammatory cytokine response and decrease survival. C57BL/6 mice underwent 20 min of supraceliac occlusion (IR), sham laparotomy (LAP), or no initial insult (CTRL) followed by intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose of endotoxin (LPS [lipopolysaccharide 50 mg/kg] or saline vehicle at 24 h. Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IL-10, IL-6) or WEHI bioassay [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)], and survival was determined at 5 days. The role of IL-10 on the TNF response and survival was examined in a subset of mice given mouse anti IL-10 IgM (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 2 h prior to the initial insult. Survival after LPS was significantly different (P < 0.05) among the treatment groups (IR, 64%; LAP, 55%; CTRL, 11%) and appeared to trend directly with the magnitude of the initial operation. The serum IL-10 levels in the IR and LAP groups were significantly increased 4 h after the initial insult and remained elevated at 24 h. Peak serum TNF levels after LPS were significantly lower in the IR and LAP groups. Administration of anti IL-10 IgM resulted in uniform mortality and a significant increase in the peak TNF levels after LPS administration for all initial treatment groups. Endogenous production of IL-10 following laparotomy down-regulates the TNF response and improves survival after endotoxemia.
TMIC-18. ROLE OF MICROGLIA IN THE EARLY STEPS OF THE BRAIN METASTATIC CASCADE (2016)

Gliomas are one of the cancers most at risk of causing life-threatening venous thromboemboli (VTE). Previously, we discovered that gliomas with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1mut) are much less likely to contain intratumoral microthrombi, and are much less likely to cause peripheral VTE, compared to IDH1 wild-type (IDH1wt) gliomas. We also found that IDH1mut gliomas have methylation-associated suppression of Tissue Factor (TF), a key initiator of thrombosis. Furthermore, prior studies have shown that TF directly increases the malignancy of many cancers through multiple transmembrane signaling pathways. In the current study, we further explored the significance of TF in IDH1wt and IDH1mut gliomas. Three IDH1wt patient derived cell lines (GBM6, GBM12, GBM43) had high levels of TF protein and TF procoagulant activity in vitro, whereas 3 lines of patient-derived endogenous IDH1mut glioma cells (TB09, GBM164, BT142) had very low TF expression and activity. Exogenous treatment with the product of IDH1mut enzyme, D-2-hydroxyglutarate, suppressed the procoagulant activity of TF by up to 28% in IDH1wt cells. Likewise, induced expression of IDH1mut suppressed TF activity by 36% in IDH1wt cells. Thus far, in an ongoing prospective assessment of TF activity in the systemic circulation of glioma patients, 7/32 (22%) IDH1wt patients have had highly active circulating TF (defined as >2.0 pg/mL factor Xa generation), whereas 0/15 (0%) IDH1mut gliomas did-a pattern already trending toward significance (P=0.08). Among the 3 IDH1wt glioma cell lines, there was a direct correlation between TF expression and transwell migration, and TF knockdown with shRNA decreased migration by 93% (P=0.024). TF knockdown also reduced the average growth rate of orthotopic IDH1wt patient-derived glioma xenografts by 92%, as measured with bioluminescence imaging (P=0.03). These findings further indicate that suppression of TF expression and activity may be a critical component of the less thrombogenic, and less malignant, IDH1mut phenotype.
<i>TMEM106B</i> Effect on cognition in Parkinson disease and frontotemporal dementia (2019)

Irrespective of cognitive instrument or cohort assessed, TMEM106B acts as a genetic modifier for cognitive trajectory in PD. Our results implicate lysosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline in 2 different proteinopathies. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:801-811.
Recent advances in research on lignans and neolignans (2016)

Covering: 2009 to 2015Lignans and neolignans are a large group of natural products derived from the oxidative coupling of two C6-C3 units. Owing to their biological activities ranging from antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory to antiviral properties, they have been used for a long time both in ethnic as well as in conventional medicine. This review describes 564 of the latest examples of naturally occurring lignans and neolignans, and their glycosides in some cases, which have been isolated between 2009 and 2015. It comprises the data reported in more than 200 peer-reviewed articles and covers their source, isolation, structure elucidation and bioactivities (where available), and highlights the biosynthesis and total synthesis of some important ones.
Speeding Up HILN-MPEG-4 Parametric Audio Encoding with Reduced Complexity (2000)

Parametric modelling permits an efficient representation of audio signals and is utilised for very low bit rate coding by the MPEG-4 Standard. Here we look at the MPEG-4 parametric audio coding tools ”Harmonic and Individual Lines plus Noise ” (HILN) which are based on a decomposition of the audio signal into components that are described by appropriate source models and represented by model parameters. Until now, HILN encoding mainly focused on maximum audio quality at the expense of high computational complexity. In this paper, different approaches to speed up HILN encoding are presented and the tradeoff between computational complexity and audio quality is analysed. 1
Tuning of microwave filters by extracting human experience using fuzzy logic (2005)

This paper introduces the use of fuzzy logic to capture human experience in tuning of microwave filters. The approach could be used for any microwave circuit tuning problem that involves human expert information. The fuzzy logic systems used in this approach are based on human expert decisions. A 4-pole Chebyshev filter is used to demonstrate the concept. The results prove the validity of the method.
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression in Neurofibromatosis Type 2–Associated Vestibular Schwannoma (2004)

These data demonstrate that microSAGE is a useful technique to study vestibular schwannoma gene expression. Future studies will include building more comprehensive libraries and comparing libraries from various vestibular schwannoma phenotypes to identify useful diagnostic or prognostic markers, and targets for therapeutic intervention.
The effect of hypoxia on facial shape variation and disease phenotypes in chicken embryos (2013)

Craniofacial anomalies can arise from both genetic and environmental factors, including prenatal hypoxia. Recent clinical evidence correlates hypoxia to craniofacial malformations. However, the mechanisms by which hypoxia mediates these defects are not yet understood. We examined the cellular mechanisms underlying malformations induced by hypoxia using a chicken (Gallus gallus) embryo model. Eggs were incubated in either hypoxic (7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 or 19% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) conditions. Embryos were photographed for morphological analysis at days 3-6. For analysis of skeletal development, 13-day embryos were cleared and stained with alcian blue and alizarin red for cartilage and bone, respectively. Quantitative analysis of facial shape variation was performed on images of embryos via geometric morphometrics. Early-stage embryos (day 2) were analyzed for apoptosis via whole-mount and section TUNEL staining and immunostaining for cleaved caspase-3, whereas later-stage embryos (days 4-6) were sectioned in paraffin for analysis of cell proliferation (BrdU), apoptosis (TUNEL) and metabolic stress (phospho-AMPK). Results demonstrate that survival is reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Hypoxic embryos displayed a spectrum of craniofacial anomalies, from mild asymmetry and eye defects to more severe frontonasal and cephalic anomalies. Skull bone development was delayed in hypoxic embryos, with some skeletal defects observed. Morphometric analysis showed facial shape variation relative to centroid size and age in hypoxic groups. Hypoxia disrupted cell proliferation and, in early-stage embryos, caused apoptosis of neural crest progenitor cells. Hypoxic embryos also displayed an increased metabolic stress response. These results indicate that hypoxia during early embryonic craniofacial development might induce cellular oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis of the neural crest progenitor cells that are crucial to normal craniofacial morphogenesis.
Convolutional Maximum-Likelihood Distortionless Response Beamforming With Steering Vector Estimation for Robust Speech Recognition (2021)

Beamforming has been one of the most successful approaches using multi-microphones for robust speech recognition. Although a beamforming method, called the “maximum-likelihood distortionless response (MLDR)” beamformer, was recently presented to achieve promising performance, it requires an accurate steering vector for a target speaker in advance like many kinds of beamformers. In this paper, we present a method for steering vector estimation (SVE) by replacing the noise spatial covariance matrix estimate with a normalized version of the variance-weighted spatial covariance matrix estimate for the observed noisy speech signal obtained by the iterative update rule in the MLDR beamforming framework. In addition, an MLDR beamforming method without a steering vector for a target speaker given in advance is presented where the SVE and the beamforming are alternately repeated. Furthermore, an online algorithm based on recursive least squares (RLS) is derived to cope with various practical applications including time-varying situations, and the power method is introduced for further efficient online processing. We also present batch and online convolutional MLDR beamforming with SVE for simultaneous beamforming and dereverberation where the weighted prediction error (WPE) dereverberation and the MLDR beamforming with the SVE were jointly optimized based on the maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) for a zero-mean complex Gaussian signal with time-varying variances. Moreover, input signals masked by a neural network (NN) for estimating target speech or noise components can be used to further improve the presented beamformers. Experimental results on the CHiME-4 and REVERB challenge datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods.
Glycomic analysis of host-response reveals high mannose as a key mediator of influenza severity (2020)

ABSTRACT Influenza virus infections cause a wide variety of outcomes, from mild disease to 3-5 million cases of severe illness and ~290,000-645,000 deaths annually worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying these disparate outcomes are currently unknown. Glycosylation within the human host plays a critical role in influenza virus biology. However, the impact these modifications have on the severity of influenza disease has not been examined. Herein, we profile the glycomic host responses to influenza virus infection as a function of disease severity using a ferret model and our lectin microarray technology. We identify the glycan epitope high mannose as a marker of influenza virus-induced pathogenesis and severity of disease outcome. Induction of high mannose is dependent upon the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, a pathway previously shown to associate with lung damage and severity of influenza virus infection. Also, the mannan-binding lectin (MBL2), an innate immune lectin that negatively impacts influenza outcomes, recognizes influenza virus-infected cells in a high mannose dependent manner. Together, our data argue that the high mannose motif is an infection-associated molecular pattern on host cells that may guide immune responses leading to the concomitant damage associated with severity. SIGNIFICANCE Influenza virus infection causes a range of outcomes from mild illness to death. The molecular mechanisms leading to these differential host responses are currently unknown. Herein, we identify the induction of high mannose, a glycan epitope, as a key mediator of severe disease outcome. We propose a mechanism in which activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) upon influenza virus infection turns on expression of high mannose, which is then recognized by the innate immune lectin MBL2, activating the complement cascade and leading to subsequent inflammation. This work is the first to systematically study host glycomic changes in response to influenza virus infection, identifying high mannose as a key feature of differential host response.
Curing Depth of Light-activated Nanofiller containing Resin Composites (2012)

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the depth of cure of nanofiller containing with conventional resin composites. Materials and methods Five nanofilled and nanohybrid composites were investigated and compared with a microfilled and a microhybrid reference, using the ISO 4049 scraping test, Knoop hardness (KHN) and DC profiling. Specimens from all materials (shade A3) were activated with the same LED light source for 20s. KHN (0.25N/15s) of three specimens each, produced in split molds was measured after 24 hours dark storage on sections perpendicular to the irradiated surface at 250 µm distance along the center line and two parallel lines, 0.5 mm apart, to a depth of 3 mm. Mean KHNs of the three neighboring indentations at each level were calculated. Degree of conversion (DC) was determined on specimens as mentioned above using micro-Raman spectroscopy at 125 µm distance with three measurements at each depth level. Results The depth of cure of all materials was &gt;2 mm when determined according to the ISO test. KHN and DC data followed second order polynomial regression lines (r 2 &gt; 0.70; p &lt; 0.001). At 2 mm depth, the KHN of six resin composites was ≤80% of the top KHN whereas the DC of all materials was ≥86% of the maximum DC at the irradiated surface. Conclusion The ISO scraping test overemphasizes the attainable depth of cure, when compared with 80% of top KHN as arbitrarily defined curing depth. KHNs reflect the crosslink density of the polymer, whereas DC additionally includes double bond conversions not contributing to enhancement of mechanical characteristics. How to cite this article Kanehira M, Araki Y, Finger WJ, Wada T, Utterodt A, Komatsu M. Curing Depth of Light-activated Nanofiller containing Resin Composites. World J Dent 2012;3(2): 119-125.
Adaptive DNN-based CSI Feedback with Quantization for FDD Massive MIMO Systems (2022)

Accessing the accurate downlink channel state information (CSI) is essential to take full advantage of frequency division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems due to its weak channel reciprocity. Meanwhile, great computational burdens will happen, which is accompanied by continuous CSI feedback. The existing compressive sensing (CS)-based and deep learning (DL)-based methods try to solve such problems, but do not achieve desired effect to get ideal CSI feedback or decrease the overhead. An adaptive deep neural network (DNN)-based CSI feedback method is proposed in this paper to address this. A classification block of the compression ratio is adopted and modified to apply to a more complex channel model named Clustered-Delay-Line (CDL), which helps decrease the computational overhead of the network. Besides, the reconstruction accuracy of the CSI feedback is further improved by proposing a new structure of the encoder. Quantization and dequantization modules are also applied to make the whole network more robust and effectively minimize the quantization distortion in the real communication scenario, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed method performs better than the conventional ones on the CSI reconstruction accuracy in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE), even though the quantization module is added.
The Quantum Mechanics of Asphaltene Aggregation (2019)

It is an understatement to say that asphaltenes are complex. There are at least 100,000 individual molecular formulae in any given asphaltene sample, each with an unknown number of isomers. Thus, it seems that developing an understanding of the physical behavior of asphaltenes based on quantum mechanics should be a fruitless task. But over the years, many researchers have attempted to do just that, to understand the intermolecular interactions of asphaltene molecules using the available theoretical tools. In this chapter we review the intermolecular forces at work in asphaltene aggregation, as they are currently understood. We also discuss the path forward to a more complete concept of asphaltene aggregation will be discussed.
Athermal annealing of neutron-transmutation-doped silicon (1998)

We demonstrate a new mechanism for annealing silicon that does not involve the direct application of heat as in conventional thermal annealing or pulsed laser annealing. A laser pulse focused to high power on a small surface spot of a neutron-transmutation-doped silicon slab is shown to anneal regions far outside the illuminated spot where no heat was directly deposited. Electrical activation of donors throughout the slab was uniform and comparable to that of thermally annealed control samples. We conjecture that the annealing was caused by mechanical energy introduced by the laser pulse.
Silicon-On-Nothing ScAlN pMUTs (2021)

This work presents a promising microfabrication technique employing the silicon-on-nothing (SON) process to form a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex> thick continuous monocrystalline silicon membrane over a vacuum cavity of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex> in depth. Utilizing the SON process, high fill-factor piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) arrays on an 8-inch silicon wafer with cavity widths ranging from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$170\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex> down to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$38\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex> have been demonstrated. Devices are designed with 15% scandium-doped aluminum nitride as the piezoelectric layer of the pMUT for both air-coupled and water-coupled applications. The air-coupled pMUTs show a peak displacement frequency from 0.8 to 1.6 MHz with a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Q$</tex> -factor between 120 to 194. The water-coupled pMUT arrays show a transmit pressure measured by a needle hydrophone, in DI water at a distance of 20 mm, ranging between 0.4 to 6.9 kPa/V with peak frequency between 5 to 13.4 MHz and fractional bandwidth 56 to 36%, respectively. The piezoelectric-over-SON process proposed here has the potential to gain traction in low-cost and high-yield pMUT manufacturing.
Alkali ion diffusion and structure of chemically strengthened TiO2 doped soda-lime silicate glass (2022)

Diffusion kinetics and structural properties of chemically strengthened titania-doped soda-lime silicate glasses were studied by depth-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and spectrophotometry. The glasses were ion exchanged, whereby Na+ in the glass was replaced by K+ in a molten salt bath, at four different treatment temperatures between 350 and 500 °C. The alkali diffusion coefficient, DK-Na, and corresponding activation energy were calculated to be between 3.26×10−12 and 4.47×10−11 cm2s−1 and between 101.1 kJmol−1 and 105.6 kJmol−1, respectively. DK-Na was observed to decrease as the TiO2 concentration was increased. Raman analysis showed Q3-silicate species with different bond lengths, which was attributed to surface compressive stresses, and increasing Si-O-Si bond angle with increasing ion exchange temperature. Ti3+ ions exist as a minor species in the glasses and its concentration depends on the TiO2 content. Deconvolution of the optical absorption spectra reveals Jahn-Teller compressive distortion of the Ti3+ octahedral coordination.