gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Deformation Mechanics of Hyperelastic Porous Materials (2011)

The understanding of the deformation mechanics within porous structures is an important field of study as these materials exist in nature as well as can be manufactured industrially influencing our lives daily. The motivation of the research contained within this manuscript was inspired by the desire to understand the mechanics of an elastomeric closed–cell porous material. This type of porous material is often used in load–bearing applications such as sport helmet liners and packing material which can be subjected to large deformations at high rates. Additionally, short term transient effects were explored. &#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\nIn order to investigate the deformation mechanics of a closed cell elastomeric foam, a polychloroprene (neoprene) material was chosen as it was available in both rubber form and a foam with relatively consistent cell size. Compression tests were conducted on the polychloroprene rubber at strain rates ranging from 0.001/s to 2700/s which identified that it had a hyper–viscoelastic behaviour with a significant strain rate dependence. A newly developed constitutive model was created to capture the response of the polychloroprene rubber.&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\nA coupled finite element model of the polychloroprene foam was created and compared to experimental tests for validation. The model slightly over predicted the stress level response of the experimental tests. The model was used to identify momentum dissipation mechanisms that contributed to the low wave speed measurement of approximately 70 m/s determined from the model. The investigation of wave transit times through use of the model was key to interpreting experimental data. Of the morphological factors investigated, it was determined that wall thickness had the most significant impact on the stress response of the foam. The pore–scale model was useful for visualizing wavepropagation effects and deformation mechanics which was not feasible experimentally.
Comment on “On the Doubly Hydrogen Bonded Dimer of 7-Azaindole (0.1 M) as a Model for DNA Base Pairs in Acetonitrile Solutions at Rt” (2008)

Abstract In continuation of comments by Catalán, the latest here questions the steady-state emission spectra of 7-azaindole, and hence the validity of non-concerted proton transfer. In this comment, we show that his results are at fault and not supportive of his claims. We provide possible causes of the misleading claims, including the contamination of the solvent with water moisture. We conclude by calling for an end to such practice, which is counter productive, as it does not follow the scholarly approach of science.
Mechanism of Orlistat Hydrolysis by the Thioesterase of Human Fatty Acid Synthase (2014)

ABSTRACT: Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the sole protein capable of de novo synthesis of free fatty acids, is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers and is associated with poor prognosis and aggressiveness of these cancers. Orlistat, an FDA-approved drug for obesity treatment that inhibits pancreatic lipases in the GI tract, also inhibits the thioesterase (TE) of human FASN. The cocrystal structure of TE with orlistat shows a pseudo TE dimer containing two different forms of orlistat in the active site, an intermediate that is covalently bound to a serine residue (Ser2308) and a hydrolyzed and inactivated product. In this study, we attempted to understand the mechanism of TE-catalyzed orlistat hydrolysis by examining the role of the hexyl tail of the covalently bound orlistat in water activation for hydrolysis using molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the hexyl tail of the covalently bound orlistat undergoes a conformational transition, which is accompanied by destabilization of a hydrogen bond between a hydroxyl moiety of orlistat and the catalytic His2481 of TE that in turn leads to an increased hydrogen bonding between water molecules and His2481 and increased chance for water activation to hydrolyze the covalent bond between orlistat and Ser2308. Thus, the conformation of the hexyl tail of orlistat plays an important role in orlistat hydrolysis. Strategies that stabilize the hexyl tail may lead to the design of more potent irreversible inhibitors that target FASN and block TE activity with greater endurance.
Different Test Site Analysis of Radiated Field Measurements of a Complex EUT (2019)

The goal of the COST IC1407 Action is to investigate the radiated emission characteristics in densely integrated technologies. One of the promising techniques for this application is the Near Field Scanning (NFS), as it allows to measure the near field intensity with a very high resolution, which is especially useful for tracking down critical components, even on a board level. The results can additionally be translated to the far field equivalents, comparable with the conventional emissions measurement standards. In this study, we investigate this technique with respect to another, commonly recognized emission measurement techniques, such as semi-anechoic chamber (SAC), fully anechoic room (FAR), gigahertz transverse-electromagnetic (GTEM) cell, and reverberation chamber (RC). As opposed to classical round-robin tests, where a simple reference radiator is measured, in order to increase the harshness of our tests, we used as a test sample with very complex, unpredictable and unstable behavior, an Intel Galileo board- a perfect example of real equipment.
Analysis of network architecture reveals phylogenetic constraints on mycorrhizal specificity in the genus Orchis (Orchidaceae) (2011)

The specificity of orchids for their fungi can vary substantially, from highly specialist interactions to more generalist interactions, but little is known about the evolutionary history of the mycorrhizal specificity of orchids. Here, we used a network analysis approach to investigate orchid mycorrhizal associations in 16 species of the genus Orchis sampled across 11 different regions in Europe. We first examined in detail the structure of the network of associations and then tested for a phylogenetic signal in mycorrhizal specificity and identified the fungi with which the orchids associated. We found 20 different fungal lineages that associated with species of the genus Orchis, most of them being related to members of the Tulasnellaceae (84.33% of all identified associations) and a smaller proportion being related to members of the Ceratobasidiaceae (9.97%). Species associations formed a nested network that is built on asymmetric links among species. Evolution of mycorrhizal specificity in Orchis closely resembles a Brownian motion process, and the interaction between Orchis and Tulasnellaceae fungi is significantly influenced by the phylogenetic relationships between the Orchis species. Our results provide evidence of the presence of phylogenetic conservatism in mycorrhizal specificity in orchids and demonstrate that evolutionary processes may be an important factor in generating patterns of mycorrhizal associations.
Dielectrophoresis as a Cell Characterisation Tool (2009)

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a technique which offers label-free measurement of cell electrophysiology by monitoring its movement in non-uniform electric fields. In this chapter, the theory underlying DEP is explored, as are the implications of the development of equipment for taking such measurements. Practical considerations such as the selection of a suspending medium are also discussed.
The Draft Genome of Kochia scoparia and the Mechanism of Glyphosate Resistance via Transposon-Mediated EPSPS Tandem Gene Duplication (2019)

Increased copy number of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene confers resistance to glyphosate, the world's most-used herbicide. There are typically three to eight EPSPS copies arranged in tandem in glyphosate-resistant populations of the weed kochia (Kochia scoparia). Here, we report a draft genome assembly from a glyphosate-susceptible kochia individual. Additionally, we assembled the EPSPS locus from a glyphosate-resistant kochia plant by sequencing select bacterial artificial chromosomes from a kochia bacterial artificial chromosome library. Comparing the resistant and susceptible EPSPS locus allowed us to reconstruct the history of duplication in the structurally complex EPSPS locus and uncover the genes that are coduplicated with EPSPS, several of which have a corresponding change in transcription. The comparison between the susceptible and resistant assemblies revealed two dominant repeat types. Additionally, we discovered a mobile genetic element with a FHY3/FAR1-like gene predicted in its sequence that is associated with the duplicated EPSPS gene copies in the resistant line. We present a hypothetical model based on unequal crossing over that implicates this mobile element as responsible for the origin of the EPSPS gene duplication event and the evolution of herbicide resistance in this system. These findings add to our understanding of stress resistance evolution and provide an example of rapid resistance evolution to high levels of environmental stress.
Optimization of rotational Auger depth profiling (1992)

Abstract The dependence of depth resolution on the rate of sample rotation in rotational Auger depth profiling was systematically investigated for Cu/Fe multilayer films, using 1–3 keV Ar + and Xe + ions as projectiles. Except for Xe + ion bombardment at 1 keV, the depth resolution was invariably improved by increasing the rate of rotation up to a critical value. The resolution improvement was more pronounced for Ar + sputtering, but at and above the critical rate the resolution was nearly constant, independent of the sputtering conditions. The critical rotation rate depended on ion species and energy, decreasing with lowering ion energy and increasing ion mass. For 1 keV Xe + the depth resolution obtained without rotation was comparable to that obtained with sample rotation, indicating that sample rotation was not the sole means to attain high depth resolution. As confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, highly resolved depth profiles for rotated samples were due mainly to reduced surface roughening. Evidence is also presented that at the critical rate of rotation the depth resolution was limited by the intrinsic interface roughness.
Ligand‐ and Base‐Free Copper(II)‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation: Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organoboron Compounds with Aliphatic Amines and Anilines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Characterization of Complex Concentrated Alloys and Their Potential in Car Brake Manufacturing (2023)

The paper studies new materials for brake disks used in car manufacturing. The materials used in the manufacturing of the brake disc must adapt and correlate with the challenges of current society. There is a tremendous interest in the development of a material that has high strength, good heat transfer, corrosion resistance and low density, in order to withstand high-breaking forces, high heat and various adverse environment. Low-density materials improve fuel efficiency and environmental impact. Complex concentrated alloys (CCA) are metallic element mixtures with multi-principal elements, which can respond promisingly to this challenge with their variety of properties. Several compositions were studied through thermodynamic criteria calculations (entropy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing, lambda coefficient, etc.) and CALPHAD modeling, in order to determine appropriate structures. The selected compositions were obtained in an induction furnace with a protective atmosphere and then subjected to an annealing process. Alloy samples presented uniform phase distribution, a high-melting temperature (over 1000 °C), high hardness (1000-1400 HV), good corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution (under 0.2 mm/year) and a low density (under 6 g/cm<sup>3</sup>).
Identification of the carotenoid pigment canthaxanthin from photosynthetic bradyrhizobium strains (1997)

Canthaxanthin (4,4(prm1)-diketo-(beta)-carotene) is produced as the major carotenoid pigment by orange- and dark-pink-pigmented bacteriochlorophyll-containing Bradyrhizobium strains isolated from stem nodules of Aeschynomene species. These two new pigmentation groups differ from the well-studied strain BTAi1, which accumulates spirilloxanthin as the sole carotenoid.
<i>In situ</i> FTIR spectroscopic monitoring of electrochemically controlled organic reactions in a recycle reactor (2015)

An electrochemical cell coupled with a recycle loop through a transmission FTIR cell is employed in studies of two free radical organic reactions, the oxidation of allylic alcohols and the trifluoromethylation of heteroarenes. Rapid mixing through the recycle loop allows continuous monitoring of reaction progress. Electrochemical generation of free radicals allows their controlled mediation into the reaction mixture for more efficient reaction. Kinetic profiles provide mechanistic insight into reactions under electrochemical control.
Early behavioral adherence predicts short and long-term weight loss in the POUNDS LOST study Donald A. WilliamsonStephen D. AntonHongmei HanCatherine M. Champagne • (2010)

The primary aim of this study was to test the association of early (first 6 months) adherence related to diet, self-monitoring, and attendance with changes in adi- posity and cardiovascular risk factors. This study used data from the 24-month POUNDS LOST trial that tested the efficacy of four dietary macronutrient compositions for short-and long-term weight loss. A computer tracking system was used to record data on eight indicator variables related to adherence. Using canonical correlations at the 6 and 24 month measurement periods, early behavioral adherence was associated with changes in percent weight loss and waist circumference at 6 months (R = 0.52) and 24 months (R = 0.37), but was not associated with car- diovascular disease risk factor levels. Early dietary adher- ence was associated with changes in insulin at 6 months (R = 0.19), but not at 24 months (R = 0.08, ns). Early dietary adherence was not associated with changes in adi- posity.
&lt;title&gt;Fiber Optic Method For Sensing Diaphragm Deflection&lt;/title&gt; (1983)

A technique is described for measuring the displacement of a thin glass diaphragm relative to a fixed glass reference surface. The method employs a single-mode optical fiber to deliver coherent light to the center of the diaphragm and reference surface. The interference fringe pattern caused by partial reflection of light from each surface is focused onto a multimode receive fiber, which conducts the light to a detector. When the diaphragm deflects, the fringe pattern traverses the input end of the multimode fiber causing the detector output signal to follow a cosine-squared time dependence matching the cosine-squared spatial dependence of the fringes. Appropriate up/down counting electronics may be used to count the interference fringe peaks and convert the count to a measure of diaphragm displacement. Results of a preliminary investigation of this diaphragm deflection sensor are presented. Application of the method to pressure measurement is discussed. The technique is inherently insensitive to thermal drift and vibration, and its &quot;all glass&quot; construction makes it applicable to pressure measurements in high-temperature environments.
Fumarase C, the stable fumarase of Escherichia coli, is controlled by the soxRS regulon. (1992)

Fumarase C was strongly induced by paraquat in a parental strain of Escherichia coli but was not induced in a strain lacking the soxRS response. Moreover, a strain that constitutively expresses the soxRS regulon contained more fumarase C than did the parental strain. The Mn-containing superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, members of the soxRS regulon, were similarly induced by paraquat. Mutational defects in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased the induction of fumarase C by paraquat. For Mn-containing superoxide dismutase, responsiveness to paraquat was also enhanced in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-defective strains. Overproduction of the Mn-containing superoxide dismutase, elicited by isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside in a tac-sodA fusion strain, did not diminish induction of fumarase C or of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by paraquat, and induction of these enzymes was more sensitive to paraquat when the cells were growing on succinate rather than on LB medium. These results indicate that fumarase C is a member of the soxRS regulon and that this regulon does not respond to changes in O2- concentration but perhaps does respond to some consequence of a decrease in the ratio of NADPH to NADP+.
Systèmes et régulateurs flous - Définition et cognition (2005)

L’article commence par rappeler les définitions théoriques des systèmes flous, et plus précisément celles des régulateurs flous multivariables, ainsi que les éléments pour leur implantation. Il énonce ensuite un ensemble de règles empiriques permettant le choix, pour le régulateur flou, des variables d’entrée, des facteurs de normalisation et de dénormalisation, et des fonctions d’appartenance de fuzzification. Pour terminer, il s’intéresse au réglage du régulateur flou, problème majeur, par le biais d’une méthode de réglage qualitative et d’une méthode d’autoréglage.
Preparation of Zein Fibers Using Solution Blow Spinning Method (2016)

Zein fibers were successfully fabricated via solution blow spinning (SBS) using acetic acid as solvent. Surface tension, viscosity and modulus of zein solutions were respectively determined by force tensiometer and rheometer. Increases of these properties were observed with an increase of concentration from 20% to 35% (w/w). The fabrication conditions of zein fibers were initially investigated as a function of zein concentration (25% to 35% w/w), feed rate (0.04 to 0.1 mL/min) and air pressure (0.28 to 0.62 MPa). The average fiber diameter (AFD) ranged from 174 to 9595 nm based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) was further performed to identify and quantify the significance of above parameters. The statistical analysis showed that the linear coefficient of concentration, the quadratic term of concentration as well as the interaction between concentration and air pressure were demonstrated statistically significant. Optimal conditions, with an AFD of 138 nm, could be obtained in the SBS of zein fibers by combining a concentration of 23% (w/w), a feed rate of 0.04 mL/min and an air pressure of 0.38 MPa. The moisture sorption capacity of fibers increased slightly as AFD decreased from ∼550 to ∼200 nm, with an increase of BET surface area from 116.5 to 140.0 m<sup>2</sup> /g.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Dendritic Cell Vaccination Enhances Immune Responses and Induces Regression of HER2&lt;sup&gt;pos&lt;/sup&gt; DCIS Independent of Route: Results of Randomized Selection Design Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1: CONSORT diagram of the 58 patients enrolled in the vaccine trial. A total of 54 were randomized to one of the three vaccination routes. After the twenty second patient completed the vaccine, subsequent ER positive patients were treated with concurrent anti-estrogen therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
Surface characterization and adhesion of black-oxide-coated copper substrate: effect of surface hardening processes (2004)

The effects of surface-hardening processes on the changes in surface characteristics and adhesion of black copper oxide substrate with epoxy resins are studied. Various techniques, namely SEM, XPS, AFM, XRD, Auger electron spectroscopy, contact angle goniometry, D-SIMS and RBS, were used to identify the changes in surface characteristics. Dense, fibrillar cupric oxide crystals characterized the as-deposited oxide coating with high surface roughness. The surface-hardening process flattened and consolidated the fibrils without changing the compositional and thermodynamic characteristics of the coated surface. The surface-hardening process reduced the total thickness of copper oxide by approximately 50-150 nm. The reduction in oxide thickness was not a predominant factor for the reduced bond strength of the surface-hardened coating. The bond strengths of both the as-deposited and surface-hardened black oxide coatings increased with oxidation time, until saturation at about 120-150 s. For the as-deposited oxide coating, mechanical interlocking, high wettability and resistance to surface contamination are the three major sources for improved adhesion, amongst which the enhanced mechanical interlocking provided by the fibrillar cupric oxide is the most important. Surface hardening reduced the efficiency of mechanical interlocking mechanism. There was close functional dependence between the button-shear strength and surface characteristics, such as surface roughness, coating thickness and surface free energy.
Glycosylation of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase changes as a function of the duration of Alzheimer's disease (2003)

The identification of biochemical markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may help in the diagnosis of the disease. Previous studies have shown that Abeta(1-42) is decreased, and tau and phospho-tau are increased in AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Our own studies have identified glycosylated isoforms of acetylcholinesterase (Glyc-AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (Glyc-BuChE) that are increased in AD CSF. Glyc-AChE is increased in APP (SW) Tg2576 transgenic mice prior to amyloid plaque deposition, which suggests that Glyc-AChE may be an early marker of AD. The aim of this study was to determine whether Glyc-AChE or Glyc-BuChE is increased in CSF at early stages of AD and to compare the levels of these markers with those of Abeta(1-42), tau and phospho-tau. Lumbar CSF was obtained ante mortem from 106 non-AD patients, including 15 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 102 patients with probable AD. Glyc-AChE, tau and phospho-tau were significantly increased in the CSF of AD patients compared to non-neurological disease (NND) controls. Abeta(1-42) was lower in the AD patients than in NND controls. A positive correlation was found between the levels of Glyc-AChE or Glyc-BuChE and disease duration. However, there was no clear correlation between the levels of tau, phospho-tau or Abeta(1-42) and disease duration. The results suggest that Glyc-AChE and Glyc-BuChE are unlikely to be early markers of AD, although they may have value as markers of disease progression.
A Timed Petri Net Approach for Pre-Runtime Scheduling in Partial and Dynamic Reconfigurable Systems (2005)

Dynamic reconfigurable systems (DRS) offer a very interesting alternative for embedded digital systems design. Tasks scheduling within a reconfigurable environment allows the development of systems with better execution performance, chip area economy and lower power consumption. This paper describes an algorithm for design of dynamically reconfigurable systems where tasks scheduling have as prime objective the overall application performance speedup. The methodology includes the generation of an embedded controller supporting the scheduling process in a target architecture.