gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the Tax Code in the Deductible Expenses Field in the Judicial Practice of Romania (2015)

Application of tax legislation in Romania, in the sense of determining what elements may not reduce the taxable base in determining corporation tax in the case, in which supporting documents shall give particulars incomplete or does not correspond to the facts, have generated various controversies. It was revealed that, in such situations the error operators beneficiaries is objective and cannot be attributed to them. Other views were expressed in the sense that it is prohibited to issue and use of invoices, considering that you can't deduct the value added tax, nor can reduce the taxable base at corporation tax setting, where supporting documents do not contain all the information required by the laws in force. Situation where fiscal inspection fails to establish the basis for imposing the obligation of tax payment, by using reasonable estimation process based on any evidence and means of proof provided for by law, whenever it cannot determine the correct fiscal situation.
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Induces Serum Amyloid A, Hypoglycaemia and Anorexia, and Potentiates IL-1 Induced Corticosterone and IL-6 Production in Mice (1995)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) supports the survival of ciliary ganglion neurons and was shown to induce the synthesis of acute-phase proteins and fever. We studied the effect of CNTF, alone or in association with IL-1, on levels of corticosterone (CS), glucose, serum amyloid A (SAA), and IL-6. We also compared the effect of CNTF with that of IL-6, since the gp130 receptor subunit for CNTF is shared with that of IL-6. A single intravenous injection of CNTF induced hypoglycaemia and SAA and potentiated IL-1-induced CS and IL-6. Chronic CNTF, but not IL-6, resulted in decreased food intake and body weight up to days 6-7. After this time, body weight and food intake recovered even if CNTF treatment was continued, indicating that a phenomenon of tolerance occurred. Finally, CNTF (unlike IL-1) was not toxic in adrenalectomized mice. Therefore the similarities of CNTF activities with those of other cytokines, particularly IL-6, might go beyond the activation of the same receptor-signal transduction pathway of IL-6.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2008)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Mar 2008Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.015AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy." The Journal of Urology, 179(3), pp. 881–882 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 3March 2008Page: 881-882 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor and Interleukin-6 Control Prostate Neuroendocrine Differentiation via Feed-Forward Mechanism (2008)

We discovered that nuclear factor kappaB controls the formation of neuronal communications in the prostate due to PEDF. We defined a feed-forward loop, in which nuclear factor kappaB induction elicits Stat3 activation and pro-differentiating interleukin-6 expression causes the further expansion of neuroendocrine communications. Our findings point to the role of nuclear factor kappaB and PEDF in coordinated prostate development.
Speeding-up Convolutional Neural Networks Using Fine-tuned\n CP-Decomposition (2014)

We propose a simple two-step approach for speeding up convolution layers\nwithin large convolutional neural networks based on tensor decomposition and\ndiscriminative fine-tuning. Given a layer, we use non-linear least squares to\ncompute a low-rank CP-decomposition of the 4D convolution kernel tensor into a\nsum of a small number of rank-one tensors. At the second step, this\ndecomposition is used to replace the original convolutional layer with a\nsequence of four convolutional layers with small kernels. After such\nreplacement, the entire network is fine-tuned on the training data using\nstandard backpropagation process.\n We evaluate this approach on two CNNs and show that it is competitive with\nprevious approaches, leading to higher obtained CPU speedups at the cost of\nlower accuracy drops for the smaller of the two networks. Thus, for the\n36-class character classification CNN, our approach obtains a 8.5x CPU speedup\nof the whole network with only minor accuracy drop (1% from 91% to 90%). For\nthe standard ImageNet architecture (AlexNet), the approach speeds up the second\nconvolution layer by a factor of 4x at the cost of $1\\%$ increase of the\noverall top-5 classification error.\n
Chronic and acute analysis of optic nerve sheath fenestration with the free electron laser in monkeys (2003)

The FEL energy at 6.45 microm delivered through a hollow waveguide appears capable of efficiently and safely producing an optic nerve sheath fenestration in monkeys. This innovative surgical technique should be considered for human use.
Supplementary Methods from RAD51AP1 Loss Attenuates Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Renewal and Sensitizes to Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
The Appropriate ‘Price’ of a Sensory Experience (2011)

In this chapter we explore the dollar value of sensory experience. In order to add reality to the exploration we position the task as the premium one would pay or not pay for a specific set of sensory experiences to be offered by a specific hotel. The data suggest that there are certain experiences that are simply worth more. It appeared that sound and touch are the most likely experiences to justify higher prices. Instead of looking for general segments, we use a more targeted approach with a systematic exploration, trying to understand which sensory experiences hotel customers prefer in terms of interest and their willingness to pay.
[Corrosion of titanium in presence of dental amalgams and fluorides]. (2003)

Results clearly show the dependence of the Ti corrosion behaviour on the pH and composition of the solution and that the outcome of the damage is affected by the composition of other metals.
A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species (2018)

A Two-step Protocol For Umpolung Functionalization Of Ketones Via Enolonium Species - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Photorefractive mixing of amplitude-modulated signals (1994)

We analyze the circumstances under which a real-time hologram written with amplitude-modulated beams behaves as a linear mixer. We calculate nonlinear correction terms that can be used to analyze the linearity of a variety of photorefractive time-integrative devices.
The Influence of the Heat after Bonding on the Separability at Gold Wire Bonding Area. (2003)

Cu合金薄板上のAgあっきに超音波熱圧着接合したAuワイヤについて, 接合後の熱処理がワイヤボンディング部の分離性に及ぼす影響を調査し, ワイヤの分離手法をCSPのパッケージング工程中に導入する位置について検討を行った。その結果, 接合温度が低いほど接合強度が小さくなり, 接合強度と接触面積とは直線関係にあることが明らかとなった。さらに, ワイヤボンディング後に熱処理を行うと, 接合強度は増加した後で飽和する傾向を示し, 比較的早い段階から接合部における分離性を妨げる方向に作用することが明らかとなった。以上得られた知見から, CSPのパッケージング工程においてはできるだけ低温でワイヤボンディングを行い, モールド成型後のポストキュア直前に基板を引きはがしてワイヤを分離させるプロセスが適していると考えられる。
How Much Longer Will We Put Up With $100,000 Cancer Drugs? (2017)

The spiraling cost of new drugs mandates a fundamentally different approach to keep lifesaving therapies affordable for cancer patients. We call here for the formation of new relationships between academic drug discovery centers and commercial partners, which can accelerate the development of truly transformative drugs at sustainable prices.
TNM staging of colorectal cancer should be reconsidered by T stage weighting (2014)

As the T stage affects colorectal cancer survival more significantly than the N stage, the TNM staging should be revised by relative T stage weight.
Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Expansion for Corneal Endothelium Transplantation: An Overview (2011)

The monolayer of cells forming the human corneal endothelium is critical to the maintenance of corneal transparency and is not known to regenerate in vivo. Thus, dysfunction of these cells constitutes the most often cited reasons for the 150,000 or so corneal transplants performed yearly. Although current corneal transplantation is more than 90% successful at 1 year, longer term results are not as encouraging with approximately 70% success at 5 years. Nonimmunologic graft failure and allograft endothelial rejection are the main problems. Furthermore, the global shortage of donor corneas greatly restricts several corneal transplantations performed. With advances in understanding corneal endothelial cell biology, it is now possible to cultivate human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) in vitro, thus providing new opportunities to develop novel tissue-engineered human corneal endothelium. This review will provide an overview of (a) the characteristics of human corneal endothelium; (b) past and present HCECs isolation and culture protocols; (c) various potential carriers for the generation of tissue-engineered corneal endothelium, together with some of the functional studies reported in various animal models; and (d) the current rapid advancements in surgical techniques for keratoplasty. A successful combination of tissue-engineered human corneal endothelium coupled with innovative and groundbreaking surgical procedures will bridge basic research involving cultured HCECs, bringing it from bench to bedside.
Cochlear Implantation With Hearing Preservation Yields Significant Benefit for Speech Recognition in Complex Listening Environments (2013)

The findings of this study suggest that (1) preserved low-frequency hearing improves speech understanding for CI recipients, (2) testing in complex listening environments, in which binaural timing cues differ for signal and noise, may best demonstrate the value of having two ears with low-frequency acoustic hearing, and (3) preservation of binaural timing cues, although poorer than observed for individuals with normal hearing, is possible after unilateral cochlear implantation with hearing preservation and is associated with EAS benefit. The results of this study demonstrate significant communicative benefit for hearing preservation in the implanted ear and provide support for the expansion of CI criteria to include individuals with low-frequency thresholds in even the normal to near-normal range.
Integrating biologic therapy into the comprehensive care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2005)

The advent of biologic therapy has not only provided the opportunity for better care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but also has permitted a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this autoimmune/inflammatory disease. The capacity of these agents to suppress signs and symptoms as well as radiographic progression of RA strongly indicates that they can alter the course of the disease. Appropriate analysis of the effect of biologics should provide new insight into the role of the specific targeted molecules in rheumatoid inflammation, and provide information about means to optimize therapy with these highly potent therapeutics.
Data from Cotargeting Androgen Receptor and Clusterin Delays Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression by Inhibiting Adaptive Stress Response and AR Stability (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors prolong survival in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), resistance rapidly develops and is often associated with increased stress-activated molecular chaperones like clusterin (CLU) and continued AR signaling. Because adaptive pathways activated by treatment facilitate development of acquired resistance, cotargeting the stress response, activated by AR inhibition and mediated through CLU, may create conditional lethality and improve outcomes. Here, we report that CLU is induced by AR antagonism and silencing using MDV3100 and antisense, respectively, to become highly expressed in castrate- and MDV3100-resistant tumors and cell lines. CLU, as well as AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalosomes, increase in response to MDV3100-induced stress. Mechanistically, this stress response is coordinated by a feed-forward loop involving p90rsk (RPS6KA)-mediated phosphoactivation of YB-1 with subsequent induction of CLU. CLU inhibition repressed MDV3100-induced activation of AKT and MAPK pathways. In addition, when combined with MDV3100, CLU knockdown accelerated AR degradation and repressed AR transcriptional activity through mechanisms involving decreased YB-1–regulated expression of the AR cochaperone, FKBP52. Cotargeting the AR (with MDV3100) and CLU (with OGX-011) synergistically enhanced apoptotic rates over that seen with MDV3100 or OGX-011 monotherapy and delayed CRPC LNCaP tumor and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. These data indicate that cotargeting adaptive stress pathways activated by AR pathway inhibitors, and mediated through CLU, creates conditional lethality and provides mechanistic and preclinical proof-of-principle to guide biologically rational combinatorial clinical trial design. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 73(16); 5206–17. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
backShift: Learning causal cyclic graphs from unknown shift\n interventions (2015)

We propose a simple method to learn linear causal cyclic models in the\npresence of latent variables. The method relies on equilibrium data of the\nmodel recorded under a specific kind of interventions ("shift interventions").\nThe location and strength of these interventions do not have to be known and\ncan be estimated from the data. Our method, called backShift, only uses second\nmoments of the data and performs simple joint matrix diagonalization, applied\nto differences between covariance matrices. We give a sufficient and necessary\ncondition for identifiability of the system, which is fulfilled almost surely\nunder some quite general assumptions if and only if there are at least three\ndistinct experimental settings, one of which can be pure observational data. We\ndemonstrate the performance on some simulated data and applications in flow\ncytometry and financial time series. The code is made available as R-package\nbackShift.\n
SURGERY HAS LITTLE BENEFIT IN PATIENTS WITH SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT: A META-ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS (2020)

Shoulder impingement is one of the most common non-traumatic upper limb causes of disability in adults. Often resulting in pain and disability, management remains highly debated. This meta-analysis...
Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae (2007)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. Pneumococci are Gram positive, encapsulated bacteria and exhibit more than 90 different capsular serotypes.Resistance to penicillin in clinical isolates was reported anecdotally as early as 1965, but was not considered a major concern until the mid-1990s. In the 1990s, there was a tremendous global increase in resistance to penicillins and this led to the increased use of macrolides and tetracyclines to treat infections. After several years, the resistance rates to these antibiotics began to increase as well. Currently, fluoroquinolones are used most frequently to treat community-acquired respiratory infections in adults and resistance rates globally are still low.Pneumococci are naturally competent bacteria and frequently acquire resistance by intraspecies or interspecies gene transfer. Resistance to β-lactams is due to the acquisition of different mutations within the pencillin-binding proteins that have been demonstrated to originate from the less pathogenic viridans streptococci. Other mechanisms of antibiotic resistance include enzymes and efflux pumps on mobile genetic elements (e.g. erm and mef), or resistance arising through spontaneous mutations. Clinical studies show that resistance, particularly to penicillins, is not always related to clinical failure.The global increase in resistance rates in pneumococci is in part due to the spread of a limited number of highly sucessful multiresistant pneumococcal clones. Isolates belonging to a specific clone, defined by sequence types according to multilocus sequencing, often exhibit the same serotype. However, capsular switching due to genetic rearrangements within the same clone has been observed. The recently introduced seven-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine has been shown to decrease disease and carrier rates of the included serotypes. Since some of the multiresistant clones exhibit vaccine serotypes, resistance rates to penicillin, macrolides and fluoroquinolones have been decreasing since the introduction of this vaccine.
Improved ZAP‐70 assay using two clones, multiple methods of analysis and clinical correlation (2011)

In our study population, ZAP-70 expression is the better predictor of the IGHV mutational status. The correlation analysis confirms that the use of four methods of analysis with a single reagent or both reagents is superior to the use of a single method of analysis. The routine use of CD38, CD49d, and CD26 will require standardization.
Synthesis of poly(4‐hydroxystyrene)‐based block copolymers containing acid‐sensitive blocks by living anionic polymerization (2014)

ABSTRACT Living anionic polymerization of an acetal protected 4‐hydroxystyrene monomer, (4‐(2‐tetrahydropyranyloxy)styrene) (OTHPSt), and the chain extension of the poly(OTHPSt) anion with a variety of monomers including styrene, 4‐ tert ‐butylstyrene, methacryloyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MAPOSS) and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane is demonstrated. The P(OTHPSt) homopolymer has a glass transition temperature well above room temperature, which facilitates handling and purification of the protected poly(4‐hydroxystyrene) (PHS). The resulting diblock copolymers have narrow dispersities &lt;1.05. Chemoselective mild deprotection conditions for the P(OTHPSt) block were identified to prevent simultaneous degradation of the MAPOSS or dimethylsiloxane (DMS) block, thus allowing for the first reported synthesis of P(HS‐ b ‐DMS) and P(HS‐ b ‐MAPOSS). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 1458–1468
Cells and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Move (2012)

T he treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has focused heavily on early reperfusion of the infarct-related artery. However, the inflammatory processes in the infarct that occur shortly after MI and govern wound healing in the heart have not been targeted therapeutically. Perhaps this has resulted from our inability to visualize these processes. In contrast to coronary angiography, which has clearly depicted stenotic arteries for decades and initiated the era of percutaneous coronary interventions, imaging inflammation in the heart of patients with MI has been difficult. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, Alam et al 1 describe important progress to overcome this hurdle. Their article reports the first human study in which an iron oxide nanoparticle (ferumoxytol, AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA) was used to image leukocytes in the infarcted tissue by T2* weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Building on previous preclinical data in mice with MI, 2 and the use of ferumoxtran in patients with inflammatory disease, 3-5 the authors imaged 16 patients within the first week after MI, 10 of whom received intravenous ferumoxytol. R2* values tripled in the infarct and doubled in the remote zone 24 to 48 hours after ferumoxytol administration. Because all patients in this small pilot study survived the subacute infarct period, corroborating histologic data on the tissue uptake of ferumoxytol were not available.
Computational multi-depth single-photon imaging (2016)

We present an imaging framework that is able to accurately reconstruct multiple depths at individual pixels from single-photon observations. Our active imaging method models the single-photon detection statistics from multiple reflectors within a pixel, and it also exploits the fact that a multi-depth profile at each pixel can be expressed as a sparse signal. We interpret the multi-depth reconstruction problem as a sparse deconvolution problem using single-photon observations, create a convex problem through discretization and relaxation, and use a modified iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm to efficiently solve for the optimal multi-depth solution. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed framework is able to accurately reconstruct the depth features of an object that is behind a partially-reflecting scatterer and 4 m away from the imager with root mean-square error of 11 cm, using only 19 signal photon detections per pixel in the presence of moderate background light. In terms of root mean-square error, this is a factor of 4.2 improvement over the conventional method of Gaussian-mixture fitting for multi-depth recovery.
Molecular Responses of Mouse Macrophages to Copper and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Inferred from Proteomic Analyses (2013)

The molecular responses of macrophages to copper-based nanoparticles have been investigated via a combination of proteomic and biochemical approaches, using the RAW264.7 cell line as a model. Both metallic copper and copper oxide nanoparticles have been tested, with copper ion and zirconium oxide nanoparticles used as controls. Proteomic analysis highlighted changes in proteins implicated in oxidative stress responses (superoxide dismutases and peroxiredoxins), glutathione biosynthesis, the actomyosin cytoskeleton, and mitochondrial proteins (especially oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits). Validation studies employing functional analyses showed that the increases in glutathione biosynthesis and in mitochondrial complexes observed in the proteomic screen were critical to cell survival upon stress with copper-based nanoparticles; pharmacological inhibition of these two pathways enhanced cell vulnerability to copper-based nanoparticles, but not to copper ions. Furthermore, functional analyses using primary macrophages derived from bone marrow showed a decrease in reduced glutathione levels, a decrease in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and inhibition of phagocytosis and of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production. However, only a fraction of these effects could be obtained with copper ions. In conclusion, this study showed that macrophage functions are significantly altered by copper-based nanoparticles. Also highlighted are the cellular pathways modulated by cells for survival and the exemplified cross-toxicities that can occur between copper-based nanoparticles and pharmacological agents.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Lactams. Part 12. A Study of the Synthesis of N‐Unsubstituted β‐Lactams, and of 4‐Styryl Monobactams. (1987)

Abstract The cis‐configurated β‐lactams (V) and (VI) are prepared from the amine (I) via the Schiff bases (III).