gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Phosphoinositol-glycan in Induction of Differentiation, from Preadipocytes to Adipocytes, of 3T3-L1 Cells by Insulin-like Growth Factor I (1991)

Using a serum-free culture system, we examined the effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin on the differentiation, from preadipocytes to adipocytes, of 3T3-L1 cells, and the signal transduction mechanism after the stimulation by IGF-I of adipocyte differentiation. IGF-I and insulin stimulated the adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells differently. IGF-I strongly stimulated adipose conversion on coupling with dexamethasone and l-methyl-3-isohutylxanthine, while insulin did not couple with them. The potency of the effect of induction by IGF-I of adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was considerably higher than that of the effect of insulin. Therefore, it was suggested that IGF-I is important in adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Inositol-monophosphate, a specific inhibitor of the phosphoinositol-glycan (PI-glycan) action, suppressed IGF-I induced adipose conversion. Therefore, we think that PI-glycan released from the plasma membrane may be involved in the IGF-I function in adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells as a second messenger.
Improvement of the Dynamic Performance of a Buck Converter using Controlled Current Source as an Additional Energy Path (2012)

This work is related to the improvement of the dynamic performance of the Buck converter by means of introducing an additional power path that virtually increase s the output capacitance during transients, thus improving the output impedance of the converter. It is well known that in VRM applications, with wide load steps, voltage overshoots and undershoots ma y lead to undesired performance of the load. To solve this problem, high-bandwidth high-switching frequency power converter s can be applied to reduce the transient time or a big output capacitor can be applied to reduce the output impedance. The first solution can degrade the efficiency by increasing switching losses of the MOSFETS, and the second solution is penalizing the cost and size of the output filter. The additional energy path, as presented here, is introduced with the Output Impedance Correction Circuit (OICC) based on the Controlled Current Source (CCS). The OICC is using CCS to inject or extract a current n - 1 times larger than the output capacitor current, thus virtually increasing n times the value of the output capacitance during the transients. This feature allows the usage of a low frequency Buck converter with smaller capacitor but satisfying the dynamic requirements.
Investigation of the Undrained Loading Effect and Chemical Effect on Shale Stability (2002)

Abstract An investigation was performed to determine and compare pore pressure, stresses, and critical mud weights using poroelastic analyses with and without including the undrained loading effect. The undrained loading effect, which enables a fully-coupled poroelasticity analysis for wellbore stability, can be crucial to the stabilization of near-wellbore formations within the critical time even though it will diminish at long time. The critical time, or the duration, of the undrained loading effect is found to be inversely proportional to formation permeability and will vary considerably for formations with different permeabilities. It is also demonstrated in this paper that it is the dimensionless time, not the dimensional time, that controls the duration of the undrained loading effect. Chemical effects, caused by the imbalance between the water activity in the drilling mud and the shale water activity, are also found to affect shale stability by changing pore pressure and shale strength with exposure time. Including all effects (hydraulic diffusion, undrained loading, and chemical effects), one finds that the required mud weight can increase with time, decrease with time, or first decrease and then increase. Furthermore, the change in required mud weight with time is different at different radial positions. The chemical effect does not alter the undrained loading effect, but it may counterbalance the common destabilization of the undrained loading mode.
Effects of Sintering Conditions on the Density and Microstructure of Sintered Molybdenum (2011)

Effects of sintering conditions such as heating temperature and heating rate on the density and microstructure of a sintered body of molybdenum were investigated. Both the oxygen content and the density of an intermediate sintered body influenced the density and the microstructure of the sintered body. First, the sintered body with a higher density and with a smaller number of pores was obtainable from the intermediate sintered body with lower oxygen content and with a lower density. Secondly, the grain size of the sintered body tended to decrease almost linearly with the increase of the number of pores. The latter result suggests that the grain growth in the sintered body was inhibited by the existence of pores at the grain boundaries.
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on ventricular ectopy in heart failure patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (2005)

In patients with HF, treatment of co-existing OSA by CPAP reduces the frequency of VPBs during sleep. These data suggest that reductions in VPBs and other ventricular arrhythmias through treatment of OSA might improve the prognosis in patients with HF.
Production of Antisera Using Fusion Proteins (2007)

This unit details the use of bacterially produced fusion proteins for the production of antisera, allowing for the large-scale generation of affinity-purified antibodies to specific, targeted epitopes. The use of pET vectors containing a polyhistidine (His) or glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tag to construct bacterial expression plasmids are provided as prototypical examples of fusion protein methodology. The basic protocols provided in this unit describe: (1) transformation of E. coli for high-yield production of soluble fusion protein, (2) purification of soluble fusion proteins for use in immunization using chelated nickel or glutathione affinity chromatography (for His- and GST-tagged fusion proteins, respectively), (3) immunization of rabbits with purified fusion protein and collection of antisera, and (4) characterization of antisera for antibody specificity using immunoblotting techniques. Support protocols describe the purification of His-tagged insoluble fusion proteins for animal immunization and the construction and use of affinity columns for purifying antibodies using soluble fusion proteins.
Influence of active nitrogen species on high temperature limitations for (0001_) GaN growth by rf plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (1999)

A reduced growth rate for plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy GaN growth often limits growth to temperatures less than 750 °C. The growth rate reduction is significantly larger than expected based on thermal decomposition. Characterization of various rf plasma source configurations indicated that a flux consisting predominantly of either atomic nitrogen or nitrogen metastables can be produced. The use of atomic nitrogen, possibly coupled with the presence of low energy ions, is associated with the premature decrease in growth rate. When the active nitrogen flux consists primarily of nitrogen metastables, the temperature dependence of the decrease is more consistent with decomposition rates. A significant improvement in electrical properties is observed for growth with molecular nitrogen metastables. In addition, atomic hydrogen stabilizes the growing surface of (0001_) GaN.
Power M-Mode Transcranial Doppler for Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale and Assessing Transcatheter Closure (2004)

pmTCD provides greater sensitivity to contrast bubble emboli than does sgTCD. Among candidates for transcatheter closure, pmTCD provides an improved noninvasive method for diagnosing PFO and evaluating transcatheter closure.
Localization of Narrowband Single Photon Emitters in Nanodiamonds (2016)

Diamond nanocrystals that host room temperature narrowband single photon emitters are highly sought after for applications in nanophotonics and bioimaging. However, current understanding of the origin of these emitters is extremely limited. In this work, we demonstrate that the narrowband emitters are point defects localized at extended morphological defects in individual nanodiamonds. In particular, we show that nanocrystals with defects such as twin boundaries and secondary nucleation sites exhibit narrowband emission that is absent from pristine individual nanocrystals grown under the same conditions. Critically, we prove that the narrowband emission lines vanish when extended defects are removed deterministically using highly localized electron beam induced etching. Our results enhance the current understanding of single photon emitters in diamond and are directly relevant to fabrication of novel quantum optics devices and sensors.
Foot placement alters the mechanisms of postural control while standing and reaching (2003)

This study investigated the effects of altering foot placement on the strategies used by able-bodied subjects to perform reaching tasks while standing. The motivation for this study was to consider the results in the context of a person with a spinal cord injury using a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) system to stand while reaching. Three foot placement conditions were compared as subjects reached to the left, right, and center. Centers of pressure (COP), joint angles, and joint moments were calculated as postural parameters using force platform and video marker data. Side-by-side and wide foot placements resulted in similar postural parameters. In contrast, the modified tandem stance (feet spaced at pelvic width with one foot shifted forward) resulted in anterior/posterior COP excursions that were larger in magnitude and more consistent across reach directions when compared to the other foot placement conditions. Furthermore, the movement patterns used during the tandem stance were more consistent and may be more readily achievable with FNS than the movement patterns utilized with the side-by-side and wide stances. These results suggest that the modified tandem stance may enhance the functionality of FNS standing systems and may also be useful in other standing rehabilitation programs.
Field Emission Cathodes used in the FEGI Get-Away-Special Shuttle Mission (2004)

Field emission cathodes are presently being developed as low-power space electric propulsion neutralizers and for spacecraft charge control and electrodynamic tether applications requiring no consumables. These cathodes effect cold electron emission by the application of a relatively high electric field across a small gap from some kind of electron emitting (cathode) surface. Various designs of field emission cathodes are being investigated for charge control on a student-built experiment called Field Emission Get-Away-Special Investigation (FEGI), including molybdenum, carbon nanotube, boron nitride and diamond surface emission cathodes. This paper presents the current progress of the FEGI experiment with a focus on the emitters that will be flown, and the immediately surrounding electrical, mechanical and environmental support structures.
A Multiscale Theoretical Analysis of the Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Characteristics of Rough Contact Interfaces Demonstrating Fractal Behavior (2020)

The highly complex contact interface phenomena require analysis at different length scales ranging from nanometer up to nearly centimeter scales. When two nominally smooth surfaces are brought into contact, solid-solid interaction across their contact interface is confined at multiple protrusions (asperities) of various shapes, sizes, and heights. The deformation mechanisms encountered at the asperity level control the surface conformity, which, in turn, influences the transmission of traction, heat, and electric current across the contact interface. Thus, the multiscale roughness of real surfaces necessitates the advance of methodologies and contact models that bridge the spectrum of relevant length scales. Rough surfaces have been traditionally charac¬terized by statistical parameters, which cannot be uniquely deter-mined because they depend on the sampling interval and the resolution of the mea¬sur¬ing device. On the contrary, the scale-invariant parameters employed in fractal geometry provide an unbiased representa¬tion of the surface topography. This article provides an appraisal of the multiscale mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics of rough contact interfaces demonstrating fractal behavior. Theoretical treatments of elastic, elastic-plastic, and fully plastic deformation, heat conduction, temperature rise, and electrical contact resistance are presented for contact interfaces characterized by fractal geometry, providing a fundamental basis for developing multiscale thermo-electro-mechanics analytical treatments for contacting solid bodies.
Abstract 481: Downregulation of MicroRNA-143 Induces Proximal Aorta Dilatation in C57BL6/J Mice (2014)

Background: Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) is a silent life-threatening condition which leads to death if not surgically treated. TAA development is secondary to the remodeling of the aortic wall structure due to pathological changes in both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and extracellular components. The phenotypic switch of VSMC from a contractile to a pathological synthetic state by inducing excessive production of matrix components is associated with the aberrant remodeling of the aorta. MicroRNA (miR)-143 and -145 are critical in controlling VSMC phenotype and are highly expressed in the aorta. In investigating the molecular mechanisms controlling VSMC phenotype we found that accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) linearly correlates with synthetic VSMC accumulation as well as dilatation of the ascending aorta in humans. Furthermore ROS contribute to the onset of TAA in a murine model based on Angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. Interestingly we found that miR-143 is down regulated in patients with aneurysmal aorta. We hypothesized that miR-143 may be regulated by ROS and its down regulation could contribute to TAA development. Methods: MiR expression, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VSMC markers of phenotype (Vimentin, Elk-1, Myocardin) were tested in human isolated aortic VSMC treated with ROS. C57BL6/J mice were subjected to AngII for 28 days in the presence or absence of LNA-anti-miR-143. Two-dimensional M Mode echocardiography was performed to measure aortic diameter. Results: ROS treatment of human VSMC induces a dose dependent down regulation of miR-143 and -145 together with up regulation of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VSMC synthetic markers Vimentin and Elk-1. Both miR-143/145 are down regulated in the aneurysmal proximal aorta of C57BL6/J mice treated with AngII. Injection of LNA-anti-miR-143 alone induces dilatation of the proximal aorta but has no effect on AngII induced TAA development. Conclusion: ROS induced down regulation of miR-143 is involved in the pathological remodeling of the proximal aorta leading to TAA. Understanding the mechanism behind ROS-mediated regulation of miR-143 may unveil new targets for the development of therapeutic strategies against TAA.
Gender difference in efficacy and dose response in Japanese patients with nocturia treated with four different doses of desmopressin orally disintegrating tablet in a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (2012)

A dose-response relationship for desmopressin ODT was shown in a population of Japanese patients with nocturia. The study suggests that the optimum desmopressin dose for the treatment of nocturia is lower in females than in males, indicating a gender-specific therapeutic window with a decreased risk of hyponatraemia without compromising efficacy on reduction of nocturnal voids. Further dose-finding studies are planned to confirm the recommended dose for the treatment of nocturia in a Japanese patient population.
Weaving a safe web of news (2013)

The rise of social media and data-capable mobile devices in recent years has transformed the face of global journalism, supplanting the broadcast news anchor with a new source for breaking news: the citizen reporter. Social media's decentralized networks and instant re-broadcasting mechanisms mean that the reach of a single tweet can easily trump that of the most powerful broadcast satellite. Brief, text-based and easy to translate, social messages allow news audiences to skip the middleman and get news "straight from the source."
Melampolides from the Leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius and Their Inhibitory Activity of LPS-Induced Nitric Oxide Production (2008)

Two new melampolide-type sesquiterpene lactones, 8beta-epoxyangeloyloxy-9alpha-ethoxy-14-oxo-acanthospermolide (1) and 8beta-angeloyloxy-9alpha-ethoxy-14-oxo-acanthospermolide (2), were isolated from the leaves of yacon [Smallanthus sonchifolia (POEPP. et ENDL.) H. Robinson] along with eleven known melampolides, allo-schkuhriolide (3), enhydrin (4), polymatin A (5), fluctuanin (6), 8beta-angeloyloxy-9alpha-acetoxy-14-oxo-acanthospermolide (7), 8beta-angeloyloxy-14-oxo-acanthospermolide (8), 8beta-methacryloyloxymelampolid-14-oic acid methyl ester (9), uvedalin (10), polymatin B (11), 8beta-tigloyloxymelampolid-14-oic acid methyl ester (12), and sonchifolin (13). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. All isolates were evaluated for inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells.
EUV lithography for 30nm half pitch and beyond: exploring resolution, sensitivity, and LWR tradeoffs (2009)

The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) denotes Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography as a leading technology option for realizing the 32nm half-pitch node and beyond. Readiness of EUV materials is currently one high risk area according to assessments made at the 2008 EUVL Symposium. The main development issue regarding EUV resist has been how to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, high resolution, and low line width roughness (LWR). This paper describes the strategy and current status of EUV resist development at Intel Corporation. Data is presented utilizing Intel's Micro-Exposure Tool (MET) examining the feasibility of establishing a resist process that simultaneously exhibits &le;30nm half-pitch (HP) L/S resolution at &le;10mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> with &le;4nm LWR.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes according to age in lenalidomide-treated patients with RBC transfusion-dependent lower-risk MDS and del(5q) (2017)

Particularly since the advent of lenalidomide, lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients with del(5q) have been the focus of many studies; however, the impact of age on disease characteristics and response to lenalidomide has not been analyzed. We assessed the effect of age on clinical characteristics and outcomes in 286 lenalidomide-treated MDS patients with del(5q) from two multicenter trials. A total of 33.9, 34.3, and 31.8% patients were aged <65 years, ≥65 to <75 years, and ≥75 years, respectively. Age <65 years was associated with less favorable International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) risk and additional cytopenias at baseline versus older age groups, significantly lower cytogenetic response rates (p = 0.022 vs. ≥65 to <75 years; p = 0.047 vs. ≥75 years), and higher rates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression (Gray’s test, p = 0.013). Lenalidomide was equally well tolerated across age groups, producing consistently high rates of red blood cell transfusion independence ≥26 weeks. Baseline disease characteristics and AML progression appear to be more severe in younger lower-risk MDS patients with del(5q), whereas older age does not seem to compromise the response to lenalidomide. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00065156 and NCT00179621
Data Compression Technology Dedicated to Distribution and Embedded Systems (2010)

In distribution and embedded systems, data compression is often used to reduce the size of flash RAM and transmission data, while a rapid decompression speed enables faster rebooting of the compressed program code. We have developed a new data compression algorithm with a high decompression speed and a good compression rate that is equivalent to zlib, the standard technology in use today. We created a LZSS-based algorithm by optimizing the parsing of data strings. LZSS is known as a high decompression speed algorithm useful for embedded systems, and optimal parsing is well known as a method for improving compression rates [1]. Previously, this combination had not been implemented because statistical code length varies during optimal parsing [1]. Our algorithm overcomes this problem by calculating the probability of the literal or the code ( distance and length ) solving the shortest path problem first. It then constructs a simple code set that enables fast decompression using those probabilities and solves the shortest path problem again. Experiments on the standard evaluation data and wireless sensor network program [2] demonstrated that we can achieve a high compression rate equivalent to zlib and a decompression speed that is twice as fast.
Masters of Radiology Panel Discussion: Role of Communication in Today's Radiologic Practices (2010)

Masters of Radiology Panel Discussion: Role of Communication in Today's Radiologic PracticesHoward P. Forman1, Marcia C. Javitt2, Barbara Monsees3, John K. Crowe4, Norman J. Beauchamp, Jr.5, David B. Larson6, Alan Kaye7, Ella A. Kazerooni8, Alexander Norbash9, Neil Messinger10, Hedvig Hricak11 and James H. Thrall12Audio Available | Share
Phantom limb pain: peripheral neuromodulatory and neuroprosthetic approaches to treatment (2018)

Post-amputation phantom limb pain (PLP) is a widespread phenomenon that can have physical, psychological, and functional impacts on amputees who experience the condition. The varying presentations and mechanisms of PLP make it difficult to effectively provide long-term pain relief. Multiple neuromodulatory approaches to treating PLP have focused on electrical stimulation of the peripheral nervous system, with varying degrees of success. More recently, research has been done to study the effects of neuroprosthetic approaches on PLP. Neuroprosthetics combine the use of a functional prosthetic with stimulation to the peripheral nerves in the residual limb. Although many of the neuroprosthetic studies focus on improving function, several have shown preliminary evidence for the reduction of severity of PLP. In this review we provide an overview of the current understanding of the neurological mechanisms that initiate and sustain PLP, as well as the neuromodulatory and neuroprosthetic approaches under development for treatment of the condition. Muscle Nerve 59:154-167, 2019.