gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intratympanic Dexamethasone for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss After Failure of Systemic Therapy (2007)

Difficulty in proving efficacy of a single modality is present in all studies on SNHL secondary to multiple treatment protocols, variable rates of recovery, and a high rate of spontaneous recovery. Forty percent of patients showed some improvement in SDS or PTA after treatment failure. When criteria of 20-dB PTA or 20% is considered to define improvement, the recovery rate was 27.5%. Modest improvement is seen with the current protocol of a single intratympanic steroid injection of 24 mg/mL dexamethasone in patients who failed systemic therapy. Dramatic hearing recovery in treatment failures was rarely encountered. No patient showed significant benefit from intratympanic steroids after 36 days when using this protocol for idiopathic sudden SNHL. If patients injected after 6 weeks are excluded from the study, the improvement rate increases from 26.9% to 39.3%. Earlier intratympanic injection had a significant impact on hearing recovery, although with any therapeutic intervention for sudden SNHL, early success may be attributed to natural history. If we further exclude seven patients treated with intratympanic steroids within 2 weeks of the onset of symptoms (i.e., study only those patients treated with intratympanic dexamethasone between 2 and 6 weeks after onset of symptoms), still, 26% improved by 20 dB or 20% SDS. The recovery rates after initial systemic failure are higher than would be expected in this treatment failure group given our control group (9.1%) and literature review. These findings indicate a positive effect from steroid perfusion in this patient population.
Abstract 1106: <i>In Vivo</i> Molecular Imaging for Cardiac Regeneration (2007)

Introduction We have showed that the transplanted human peripheral blood CD34 + cells can transform into smooth muscle, endothelial, and myocardial cells in infarcted hearts in mice. However, the fate of the transplanted cells in vivo is unknown. Hypothesis Molecular imaging is of substantial value for non-invasively tracking the fate of transplanted stem cells and for developing stem cell transplantation toward a clinically accepted therapy. Objectives To develop and validate molecular imaging techniques for reliably tracking the fate of transplanted stem cells in ischemic hearts in vivo and to follow the tempo-spatial dynamics of their transformation and function. Methods Using SCID mice transplanted with the CD34 + cells after myocardial infarction as a model, the CD34 + cells were transduced with 6 lentivectors bearing a fusion reporter gene driven by 6 different promoters. The reporter protein consists of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, green fluorescence protein, and luciferase, allowing us to monitor in vivo the fate of transplanted cells with bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and positron emission tomography (PET). In order to assess cardiac function, the mice were scanned with a 7.0-T MRI. Results The virus containing human ubiquitin promoter produced stable transduction efficiency 30%. Thereafter, 10 6 transduced CD34 + cells were injected into peri-infarct area per mouse heart. At day 7, the BLI signals in hearts were 1.4 ± 0.12x10 5 photons(p)/s/cm 2 /sr (n=6). At day 14, the PET signals were 0.05 ± 0.001 injection dose (ID) %/g. Both signals increased progressively to week 4, then remained in plateaus of 1.8 ± 0.15x10 5 p/s/cm 2 /sr and 1.38 ± 0.002 ID%/g, respectively until week 6, thereafter declining gradually, but were still as high as 9 ± 0.11x10 4 p/s/cm 2 /sr and 0.92 ± 0.001 ID%/g at week 16, indicating the transplanted CD34 + cells survive and function in the host. Co-register MRI/PET showed the concordance of anatomic and functional consequences after the transplantation of the CD34 + cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using molecular imaging to reliably track human CD34 + cell transplanted into infarcted hearts in mice, thus identifying PET/MRI imaging as a means to trace stem cell transplants in injured hearts.
Two-dimensional streamlines obtained from color coded Doppler image (1996)

The ultrasonic colored Doppler image is convenient to observe blood flow in the human heart. This image displays the velocity component in the direction of the ultrasonic beam. Therefore, it is difficult to point out the existence of vorticity in the flow. An extended stream function method is being developed in order to show streamlines over the colored Doppler image. The Doppler velocity in the image is the local velocity component governed under rules of fluid dynamics. Considering this, two-dimensional velocity components were estimated in the observing plane appearing as the colored Doppler image. Clinical data show that vortexes in blood flow play very important roles in the behavior of the mitral valve in the heart.
Detecting differential gene expression with a semiparametric hierarchical mixture method (2004)

Mixture modeling provides an effective approach to the differential expression problem in microarray data analysis. Methods based on fully parametric mixture models are available, but lack of fit in some examples indicates that more flexible models may be beneficial. Existing, more flexible, mixture models work at the level of one-dimensional gene-specific summary statistics, and so when there are relatively few measurements per gene these methods may not provide sensitive detectors of differential expression. We propose a hierarchical mixture model to provide methodology that is both sensitive in detecting differential expression and sufficiently flexible to account for the complex variability of normalized microarray data. EM-based algorithms are used to fit both parametric and semiparametric versions of the model. We restrict attention to the two-sample comparison problem; an experiment involving Affymetrix microarrays and yeast translation provides the motivating case study. Gene-specific posterior probabilities of differential expression form the basis of statistical inference; they define short gene lists and false discovery rates. Compared to several competing methodologies, the proposed methodology exhibits good operating characteristics in a simulation study, on the analysis of spike-in data, and in a cross-validation calculation.
A New Millimeter-wave Package Design Based on Pseudo-cavity Mode Electromagnetic Wave Excitation Using 400-μm Core FCBGA (2023)

This paper discusses a new signal transmission mode that electrically eliminates vertical interconnects, which makes a conventional, standard 400-μm core Flip Chip Ball Grid Array (FCBGA) suitable to millimeter-wave device packaging. The designed FCBGA package has successfully showed a 1dB bandwidth of 90GHz including PCB signal line loss. Additionally, when designed with a thinner substrate, the bandwidth has exceeded 100GHz.
Correction: Microbial Ligand Costimulation Drives Neutrophilic Steroid-Refractory Asthma (2015)

There is an error in Affiliation 1 for authors Sabelo Hadebe, Rebecca A. Drummond, Simon Vautier, Sara Sajaniemi, Pierre Redelinghuys, and Gordon D. Brown. Affiliation 1 should be: Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Abstract 13049: Microrna-33, Located Within Srebf2 Intron, Regulate Fatty Acid Synthesis via Targeting SREBP-1 in vivo (2014)

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs that bind to specific mRNAs and inhibit translation or promote degradation. Recent reports, including ours, indicated that miR-33 located within the intron of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 2 controls cholesterol homeostasis and can be a possible therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis. Unexpectedly, miR-33 deficient (miR-33 -/- ) mice fed high fat diet (HFD) developed severe fatty liver and the mechanisms were investigated. Methods and Results: The liver weight of miR-33 -/- mice were about 1.5 times heavier than that of miR-33 +/+ mice and histological examination revealed that miR-33 -/- mice developed severe fatty liver under HFD feeding. In order to determine the cause of the fatty liver observed in miR-33 -/- mice fed HFD, we analysed the gene expression profiles using the liver of miR-33 +/+ and miR-33 -/- mice fed normal chow at the age of 16 weeks when they didn’t show fatty liver. As a result, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were upregulated in miR-33 -/- mice. Among them we found SREBP-1 as a new potential target gene of miR-33 in silico and confirmed that miR-33 targets the 3’UTR of SREBP-1 in vitro . The expression of SREBP-1 and de novo fatty acid production were significantly increased in the liver of miR-33 -/- mice. We further intercrossed miR-33 -/- mice with Srebf1 +/- mice and fed them HFD. Hepatic steatosis was reversed in miR-33 -/- Srebf1 +/- mice compared with miR-33 -/- Srebf1 +/+ mice by histological analysis and measurement of triglyceride levels. The expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, including Scd1, Fasn, Acc1 , and Pparg were increased in miR-33 -/- Srebf1 +/+ mice compared with miR-33 +/+ Srebf1 +/+ mice, and those increase were reversed in miR-33 -/- Srebf1 +/- mice. Conclusions: miR-33 regulates lipogenic pathway via regulating SREBP-1 as a novel target in vivo . In sterol-depleted conditions, acetyl-CoA might be preferred as a substrate for cholesterol production and not for fatty acid production by the downregulation of SREBP-1 through the upregulation of miR-33. Conversely, in cholesterol-rich condition, acetyl-CoA might be preferred as a substrate for fatty acid production through the downregulation of miR-33.
<i>In-vitro</i> haemocompatibility of dextran-protein submicron particles (2019)

Blood compatibility is a key requirement to fulfil for intravenous administration of drug and oxygen carrier system. Recently, we published the fabrication of oxidised-dextran (Odex)-crosslinked protein particles by one-pot formulation. In the current study we investigate the haemocompatibility of these Odex - particles including albumin particles (Odex-APs) and haemoglobin particles (Odex-HbMPs). Odex-APs and Odex-HbMPs have a submicron size ranged 800-1000 nm with peanut-like shape and a negative surface charge. In vitro haemocompatibility assays included haemolysis test, indirect phagocytosis test and platelet activation test in human blood. Odex-APs and Odex-HbMPs did not provoke any undesirable effects on the blood cells. Firstly, the ratio of haemolysis after contacted with Odex-crosslinked protein particles were less than 5% and therefore the particles may be considered non-haemolytic. Secondly, the incubation of leukocyte with Odex-APs/HbMPs did not influence the phagocytosis of leukocyte. We conclude that our particles are not recognized by monocytes or granulocytes. Finally, exposure of Odex-APs/HbMPs to platelets did not cause an activation of platelets. Additionally, Odex-HbMP/AP did not enhance or attenuate agonist-induced platelet activation. We conclude that Odex-crosslinked protein particles exhibit a very good haemocompatibility and represent highly promising carriers for drugs or oxygen.
The influence of differential privacy on short term electric load forecasting (2018)

There has been a large number of contributions on privacy-preserving smart metering with Differential Privacy, addressing questions from actual enforcement at the smart meter to billing at the energy provider. However, exploitation is mostly limited to application of cryptographic security means between smart meters and energy providers. We illustrate along the use case of privacy preserving load forecasting that Differential Privacy is indeed a valuable addition that unlocks novel information flows for optimization. We show that (i) there are large differences in utility along three selected forecasting methods, (ii) energy providers can enjoy good utility especially under the linear regression benchmark model, and (iii) households can participate in privacy preserving load forecasting with an individual membership inference risk < 60%, only 10% over random guessing.
Direct Molecular Interaction of Phenylalanine with DNA Measured by Reversed-Phase HPLC (1998)

At present, great interest exists in relatively small molecular weight compounds that can interact with DNA in a site-specific manner. A rapid and successful way of monitoring such interactions was achieved by reversed-phase HPLC based on DNA peak size exclusion (1).

Phenylalanine (Phe), a biogenic small molecule and an essential amino acid in humans, has been a diagnostic tool for detecting phenylketonouria, a metabolic inherited disease. On the basis of the charge and shape of Phe, we tried to measure in vitro the possible interaction of Phe with DNA by using calf thymus DNA. We also attempted a preliminary approach regarding a Phe mechanism of action on DNA by using compounds structurally related to the known antitumor antibiotic doxorubicin.

DNA binding was evaluated according to the method of Karikas et al. (1). Calf thymus DNA was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., and doxorubicin was from Pharmacia. HPLC-grade solvents were obtained from Lab Scan. A Hewlett-Packard …
Cobalt Silicide Formation Characteristics in a Single Wafer Rapid Thermal Furnace (SRTF) System (2006)

Thin cobalt silicide formation, including two phase transitions, was studied using a single-wafer rapid thermal furnace (SRTF) system. TiN-capped cobalt films on four types of wafer surfaces (monocrystalline Si, amorphous Si, n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> amorphous Si, and p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> amorphous Si) were investigated. Cobalt silicide process sensitivity was investigated in nitrogen ambient as a function of process temperature (350~700degC) and wafer surface condition. Process time (wafer residence time in a preheated near-isothermal process chamber) was fixed at 90s for simplicity. The cobalt silicidation showed two characteristic transition regions, one at about 450degC, and the other at between ~500degC and ~630degC, representing the two phase transitions during the silicidation sequence. The first transition temperature was at about 450degC regardless of wafer surface type. However, the second transition temperature was strongly influenced by the type of wafer surface. The authors focus their analysis on sheet resistance (sheet rho) and sheet rho uniformity of TiN-capped 9 nm thick cobalt films. Except for the phase transition regions around 450degC and 500~630degC, the sheet rho uniformity has improved as a result of annealing
Several steps of lateral gene transfer followed by events of ‘birth-and-death’ evolution shaped a fungal sorbicillinoid biosynthetic gene cluster (2016)

Our findings pinpoint the evolution of the fungal sorbicillinoid biosynthesis gene cluster. The core cluster arose in early Hypocreales, and was complemented by LGT. During further speciation in the Hypocreales, it became subject to birth and death evolution in selected lineages. In P. rubrens (Eurotiales), two cluster genes were symplesiomorphic, and the whole cluster formed by LGT from at least two different fungal donors.
Megaloblastäre Anämie bei psychogener Eßstörung (2008)

Although dietary causes of megaloblastic anaemia are rare in Central Europe, they must be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in the elderly and those with psychogenic disorders.
Neighbor Contamination to Achieve Complete Bottleneck Control (2016)

Black-holes, gray-holes and, wormholes, are devastating to the correct operation of any network. These attacks (among others) are based on the premise that packets will travel through compromised nodes, and methods exist to coax routing into these traps. Detection of these attacks are mainly centered around finding the subversion in action. In networks, bottleneck nodes -- those that sit on many potential routes between sender and receiver -- are an optimal location for compromise. Finding naturally occurring path bottlenecks, however, does not entitle network subversion, and as such are more difficult to detect. The dynamic nature of mobile ad-hoc networks (manets) causes ubiquitous routing algorithms to be even more susceptible to this class of attacks. Finding perceived bottlenecks in an olsr based manet, is able to capture between 50%-75% of data. In this paper we propose a method of subtly expanding perceived bottlenecks into complete bottlenecks, raising capture rate up to 99%; albeit, at high cost. We further tune the method to reduce cost, and measure the corresponding capture rate.
Cochlear and cognitive models for speech enhancement (2006)

There has been a long running interest in using cochlear models for audio processing. Psychophysical masking stemming from normal cochlear operation is used as the basis for most audio compression circuits, while the cochleas mel-frequency response is mimicked by most automatic speech recognition circuits. An area that has been less well explored in audio processing is the auditory brain. Recent research shows that cognitive abilities are a good predictor of peformance on many hearing tasks, especially those which are more complex and realistic. By extending a nonlinear, adaptive cochlear model with cognitive modules a novel tool for sound assessment is made that allows an estimate of cognitive load. Quantitative offline benefit has never been modeled before. We test the new predictor on noise reduction circuits in hearing aids. This family of algorithms is well known to not increase intelligibility but has been shown to reduce perceived noisiness. This reduction is proposed as equivalent to reducing cognitive load. The elderly, with their heavier reliance on high level processing, could greatly benefit from the reduction in cognitive load. A new algorithm for reducing cognitive load is compared to spectral subtraction algorithms.
Functional characterization of optimized acellular peripheral nerve graft in a rat sciatic nerve injury model (2011)

Equivalent functional recovery to the isograft suggests that the OA nerve graft may be a future clinical alternative to the current autologous tissue graft.
A Natural Experiment in "Jeopardy!" (2016)

This paper uses the television game show 'Jeopardy!' as a natural experiment to analyze behavior under uncertainty and the ability of players to choose strategic best-responses. The results suggest that, while most players bet in a rational manner, the failure rate for choosing best-responses increases as the betting problem grows more complex and that players' choices are affected by the 'frame' of the problem. However, suboptimal betting tends to decrease as inferior players are driven from the game. The data also allow for estimation of the extent of risk aversion; the results imply near risk-neutrality. Copyright 1995 by American Economic Association.
Affinity-matured variants derived from nimotuzumab keep the original fine specificity and exhibit superior biological activity (2020)

Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor with a long history of therapeutic use, recognizing an epitope different from the ones targeted by other antibodies against the same antigen. It is also distinguished by much less toxicity resulting in a better safety profile, which has been attributed to its lower affinity compared to these other antibodies. Nevertheless, the ideal affinity window for optimizing the balance between anti-tumor activity and toxic effects has not been determined. In the current work, the paratope of the phage-displayed nimotuzumab Fab fragment was evolved in vitro to obtain affinity-matured variants. Soft-randomization of heavy chain variable region CDRs and phage selection resulted in mutated variants with improved binding ability. Two recombinant antibodies were constructed using these variable regions, which kept the original fine epitope specificity and showed moderate affinity increases against the target (3-4-fold). Such differences were translated into a greatly enhanced inhibitory capacity upon ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation on tumor cells. The new antibodies, named K4 and K5, are valuable tools to explore the role of affinity in nimotuzumab biological properties, and could be used for applications requiring a fine-tuning of the balance between binding to tumor cells and healthy tissues.
Single-Donor Platelet Concentrates: Changes of Surface Glycoproteins during Storage (1994)

Storage of single-donor platelet concentrates is currently limited to 5 days. During this period, however, numerous morphologic and biochemical changes have been observed. These changes result in functional impairment of stored platelets. The present study describes increased binding of a monoclonal antibody against GMP 140 on the surface of stored single-donor platelets revealing an activation process. In contrast, binding of monoclonal antibodies directed against glycoprotein complex (GP) IIb-IIIa and ligand-induced binding site (LIBS1) is slightly diminished during storage. When platelets are stimulated with ADP GMP 140, GP IIb-IIIa, and LIBS1 are expressed to a higher extent than on the surface on nonstimulated platelets. The quantity exposed, however, depends upon the storage time. It is significantly reduced when platelets are stored for longer than 1-2 days. The present data indicate that storage of single-donor platelet concentrates affects fibrinogen binding, cell to cell cohesion, and release reaction. The results are in good agreement with conventional aggregation and in vitro bleeding time measurements.
MULTI-TARGET MOLECULE TO TREAT DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN RATS (2020)

Background and Purpose: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications that is related to high morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. We investigated ability of a novel dual modulator, PTUPB that concurrently acts as a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor and as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor against diabetic nephropathy. Experimental Approach: Sixteen-week-old type 2 diabetic and proteinuric obese ZSF1 rats were orally treated with vehicle, PTUPB, or enalapril for 8 weeks. Key Results: PTUPB alleviated diabetic nephropathy in obese ZSF1 rats by reducing albuminuria by 50%, renal tubular cast formation by 60-70%, renal fibrosis by 40-50%, glomerular injury by 55% and preserved glomerular nephrin expression. Enalapril demonstrated comparable effects and alleviated diabetic nephropathy in obese ZSF1 rats by reducing all kidney injury parameters by 30 to 50%. Diabetic renal injury in obese ZSF1 rats was accompanied by renal inflammation with 6-7-fold higher urinary MCP-1 level and renal infiltration of CD-68 positive cells. PTUPB and enalapril reduced renal inflammation but PTUPB demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory actions than enalapril. Obese ZSF1 rats were also hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and exhibited liver injury. Interestingly, PTUPB but not enalapril decreased hyperlipidemia and liver injury in Obese ZSF1 rats. Conclusion and Implication: Overall, we demonstrate that a dual modulator PTUPB does not treat hyperglycemia, but can effectively alleviate hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, hyperlipidemia, and liver injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Therefore, we suggest that PTUPB has promising potential to be developed as a novel therapy for type 2 diabetic nephropathy and other complications.
Towards self-adaptable robots: from programming to training machines (2018)

We argue that hardware modularity plays a key role in the convergence of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI). We introduce a new approach for building robots that leads to more adaptable and capable machines. We present the concept of a self-adaptable robot that makes use of hardware modularity and AI techniques to reduce the effort and time required to be built. We demonstrate in simulation and with a real robot how, rather than programming, training produces behaviors in the robot that generalize fast and produce robust outputs in the presence of noise. In particular, we advocate for mammals.