gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creating an object-oriented wireless network simulator (2007)

Wireless routing protocols are currently among the most actively researched areas in computer science. There are hundreds of such protocols already established and even more under development. Wireless network simulators however have not received as much attention. Currently, there are only a handful of these simulators which are powerful tools for analyzing routing protocols. But, altering their code can be tremendously cumbersome due to the great level of detail they were developed. Some of these systems were designed using the object-oriented programming languages but failed to take into account the various strengths of using such languages, such as inheritance and polymorphism furthermore making them less extensible. As we have researched wireless routing at Drake University, we have found the need to develop our own wireless simulator as a test environment for our protocols. The goal of this simulator was to improve the ability to add new and sometimes very different wireless protocols to the system and remove the overhead and complexity in the layers of wireless communication. We felt to develop such protocols and test features of interest to us we should not be required to have an in-depth knowledge of the networking layers.
Susceptibilities to carbapenems and presence of cphA gene on food-borne Aeromonas (2006)

The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibilities of food-borne Aeromonas to carbapenems, as well as to investigate the presence of a metallo carbapenemase-encoding gene, named cphA. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined following NCCLS standards. All the tested microorganisms were susceptible to imipenem, meropenem and biapenem. However, a strong inoculum size effect on carbapenem MICs was observed for most of the strains. Six strains, out of seven, showed the presence of metallo--beta-lactamases but cphA gene was detected in only two strains of A. veronii bv. sobria.
Epstein-Barr virus Peptide Presented by HLA-E is Predominantly Recognized by CD8bright Cells in multiple Sclerosis Patients (2012)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, but impaired immune suppression may be part of the disease pathogenesis. CD8(+) T cells that are restricted by HLA-E exert an important immunoregulatory mechanism. To explore how EBV might interfere with immune regulation, we examined the expression of HLA-E and the frequency of CD8(+) cells recognizing HLA-E, presenting either an EBV peptide from the BZLF1 protein or a signal sequence peptide from HLA-A2, in relapsing remitting (MS-RR), primary progressive (MS-PP) MS patients, and healthy controls (HC). Treatment with IFN-α or EBV increased HLA-E expression on CD4(+) cells. However, only MS-PP had increased expression of HLA-E on resting CD4(+) cells when compared with HC (p<0.005). CD8(+) cells were divided into CD8(bright) and CD8(dim) cells by flow cytometry analyses. MS-RR had significantly fewer CD8(dim) cells than HC (p<0.003). Flow cytometry analyses were performed with HLA-E tetramers folded in the presence of the EBV or HLA-A2 peptide to identify HLA-E-interacting cells. MS-RR had increased frequency of CD8(bright) cells recognizing HLA-E/A2 (p=0.006) and HLA-E/BZLF1 (p=0.016). Conversely, MS-RR had fewer CD8(dim) cells that recognized HLA-E/BZLF1 (p=0.001), but this could be attributed to the overall lower number of CD8(dim) cells in MS-RR. Whereas HLA-E/A2 was predominantly recognized by CD8(dim) cells, HLA-E/BZLF1 was predominantly recognized by CD8(bright) cells in MS-RR and MS-PP, but not in HC. As expected, HLA-E/A2 was also recognized by CD8-negative cells in a CD94-dependent manner, whereas HLA-E/BZLF1 was poorly recognized in all groups by CD8-negative cells. These data demonstrate that MS-RR patients have expanded their CD8(bright) cells recognizing HLA-E/BZLF1. Moreover, HLA-E/BZLF1 appears to be recognized by the immune system in a different manner than HLA-E/A2.
Identification of the main esterase involved in lipolysis by Propionibacterium freudenreichii (2011)

Identification of the main esterase involved in lipolysis by [i]Propionibacterium freudenreichii[/i]. 8. Cheese Symposium
The gut microbiota and genetic risk for rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of disease: a TwinsUK association study (2020)

Background<br/>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with reduced life expectancy. It is heritable and an extensive repertoire of genetic variants have been identified. The gut microbiota may represent an environmental risk factor for RA. Indeed, <i>Prevotella copri</i> is a candidate keystone species, but whether it lies on the causal pathway for disease or is simply a bystander reflecting host-genetic predisposition to RA, remains to be determined. The study of disease-microbiota associations may be confounded by the presence of the disease of interest or by its treatment. To circumvent this issue, we assessed whether known RA risk alleles were associated with the gut microbiota, in a large population who do not have RA.<br/><br/>Methods<br/>Blood and stool acquired from volunteers from TwinsUK were used for genotyping and assessment of the gut microbiota, respectively. A weighted polygenic risk score (PRS) for RA was calculated in 1650 unaffected twins from the TwinsUK cohort, based on 233 GWAS-identified published RA associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Amplicon sequence variants were generated from 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples and assessed for association with RA PRS. Confirmation of findings was performed using an independent sample comprised of first-degree relatives of RA patients from the SCREEN-RA cohort (n=133).<br/><br/>Findings<br/>We found that <i>Prevotella spp</i> was positively associated with RA PRS in TwinsUK participants (q &lt;1e-7). This finding was validated in SCREEN-RA participants carrying the shared epitope risk alleles (q = 1·12e-3). An association of <i>Prevotella spp</i> with pre-clinical RA phases was also demonstrated (q = 0·021).<br/>Interpretation<br/><i>Prevotella </i>in the gut microbiota is associated with RA genotype in the absence of RA, as well as in subjects at high risk of developing RA. This work suggests that host genotype is associated with microbiota profile prior to disease onset.
Pulsed Current Activated Synthesis and Consolidation of Nanostructured Ti-TiC Composite and Its Mechanical Properties (2015)

Ti and CNT powders were milled by high energy ball milling. The milled powders were then simultaneously synthesized and consolidated using pulsed current activated sintering (PCAS) within one minute under the applied pressure of 80 MPa. The advantage of this process is not only rapid densification to near theoretical density but also to prevent grain growth in nano-structured materials The milling did not induce any reaction between the constituent powders. Meanwhile, PCAS of the Ti-CNT mixture produced a Ti-TiC composite according to the reaction (Ti + 0.06CNT --> 0.94Ti+0.06TiC, Ti+0.12CNT --> 0.88Ti+0.12TiC). Highly dense nanocrystalline Ti-TiC compos- ites with a relative density of up to 99.5% were obtained within one minute. The hardness and fracture toughness of the dense Ti-6mole% TiC and Ti-12 mole% TiC produced by PCAS were also investigated.
Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in the assessment of body composition in elderly Finnish women (2002)

In this study, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), skinfold thickness measurement (STM) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as a reference method, were compared with each other in the assessment of body composition in elderly (62-72-year-old) Finnish women (n=93). BIA had better agreement with DXA in the assessment of fat free mass (FFM, R2=0.70, Sres=2.1) and fat mass (FM, R2=0.93, Sres=2.3) than the STM (FFM, R2=0.62, Sres=2.4; FM, R2=0.89,Sres=2.8). There was quite a large variation in the estimates when different BIA prediction equations were used. The equation developed in this study, FFM (kg)=-128.06 + 1.85 x BMI-0.63 x weight + 1.07 x height - 0.03 x resistance +10.0 x waist-hip ratio, yielded a small and unbiased error (0.5 +/- 1.6 kg), with a small residual standard deviation (R2=0.83, Sres=1.6). However, error associated with the estimate of FM was positively related to the degree of FM. BIA(Heitmann) equation yielded unbiased estimates of both FFM and FM (FFM, R2=0.77, Sres=1.8; FM, R2=0.95, Sres=1.9). Both the STM and BIA (manufacturer's equation) resulted in error which was statistically significant and positively correlated with FFM and FM. These results indicate that BIA prediction equations, chosen with care, can improve the performance of equations based upon anthropometric measurements alone in the assessment of body composition in elderly women.
Electron Cryomicroscopy and Computer Image Processing Techniques: Use in Structure-Function Studies of Rotavirus (2003)

Rotavirus (RV), a double-stranded (ds)RNA virus in the family Reoviridae, is a complex, relatively large (diameter, including spikes = 1000 Å), nonenveloped icosahedral virus. Once RV was recognized as a major human pathogen, it was extensively studied using modern molecular genetic and biological techniques, as discussed elsewhere in this book. These studies provided basic information about gene-coding assignments, protein processing, genome expression and replication, viral morphogenesis, and pathogenesis (1). In addition, molecular epidemiological studies, coupled with the characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and sequencing of the genes that encode the neutralizing antigens, provided an understanding at the molecular level of the antigenic and genetic variability of the RVs.
Neutrophil–Platelet and Monocyte–Platelet Aggregates in COVID-19 Patients (2020)

International audience
Progress in Dual (Piezoelectric-Magnetostrictive) Phase Magnetoelectric Sintered Composites (2012)

The primary aims of this review article are (a) to develop the fundamental understanding of ME behavior in perovskite piezoelectric-spinel magnetostrictive composite systems, (b) to identify the role of composition, microstructural variables, phase transformations, composite geometry, and postsintering heat treatment on ME coefficient, and (c) to synthesize, characterize, and utilize the high ME coefficient composite. The desired range of ME coefficient in the sintered composite is 0.5–1 V/cm⋅Oe. The studies showed that the soft piezoelectric phase quantified by smaller elastic modulus, large grain size of piezoelectric phase (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>~</mml:mo></mml:math>1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math>m), and layered structures yields higher magnitude of ME coefficient. It is also found that postsintering thermal treatment such as annealing and aging alters the magnitude of magnetization providing an increase in the magnitude of ME coefficient. A trilayer composite was synthesized using pressure-assisted sintering with soft phase [0.9 PZT–0.1 PZN] having grain size larger than 1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math>m and soft ferromagnetic phase of composition Ni 0.8 Cu 0.2 Zn 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 [NCZF]. The composite showed a high ME coefficient of 412 and 494 mV/cm⋅Oe after sintering and annealing, respectively. Optimized ferrite to PZT thickness ratio was found to be 5.33, providing ME coefficient of 525 mV/cm⋅Oe. The ME coefficient exhibited orientation dependence with respect to applied magnetic field. Multilayering the PZT layer increased the magnitude of ME coefficient to 782 mV/cm⋅Oe. Piezoelectric grain texturing and nanoparticulate assembly techniques were incorporated with the layered geometry. It was found that with moderate texturing, d 33 and ME coefficient reached up to 325 pC/N and 878 mV/cm⋅Oe, respectively. Nanoparticulate core shell assembly shows the promise for achieving large ME coefficient in the sintered composites. A systematic relationship between composition, microstructure, geometry, and properties is presented which will lead to development of high-performance magnetoelectric materials.
Two-Dimensional Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene for High-Resolution Neural Interfaces (2018)

High-resolution neural interfaces are essential tools for studying and modulating neural circuits underlying brain function and disease. Because electrodes are miniaturized to achieve higher spatial resolution and channel count, maintaining low impedance and high signal quality becomes a significant challenge. Nanostructured materials can address this challenge because they combine high electrical conductivity with mechanical flexibility and can interact with biological systems on a molecular scale. Unfortunately, fabricating high-resolution neural interfaces from nanostructured materials is typically expensive and time-consuming and does not scale, which precludes translation beyond the benchtop. Two-dimensional (2D) Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene possesses a combination of remarkably high volumetric capacitance, electrical conductivity, surface functionality, and processability in aqueous dispersions distinct among carbon-based nanomaterials. Here, we present a high-throughput microfabrication process for constructing Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> neuroelectronic devices and demonstrate their superior impedance and in vivo neural recording performance in comparison with standard metal microelectrodes. Specifically, when compared to gold microelectrodes of the same size, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> electrodes exhibit a 4-fold reduction in interface impedance. Furthermore, intraoperative in vivo recordings from the brains of anesthetized rats at multiple spatial and temporal scales demonstrate that Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> electrodes exhibit lower baseline noise, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and reduced susceptibility to 60 Hz interference than gold electrodes. Finally, in neuronal biocompatibility studies, neurons cultured on Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> are as viable as those in control cultures, and they can adhere, grow axonal processes, and form functional networks. Overall, our results indicate that Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene microelectrodes have the potential to become a powerful platform technology for high-resolution biological interfaces.
Graphene–multiwalled carbon nanotube-based nanofluids for improved heat dissipation (2013)

A solution-free green method using focused solar electromagnetic radiation is used to synthesize graphene and graphene–multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composite. Stable nanofluids are prepared by dispersing the nanomaterials in polar base fluids. Thermal conductivity of the nanofluids improves with graphene–MWNT nanocomposites as additives, which could be due to prevention of restacking of graphene sheets by MWNT along with a synergistic effect of intrinsic high thermal conductivity of graphene and MWNT. The advantage of the present synthesis method in particular to nanofluids application is that the presence of oxygen functional groups resulting from pre-functionalized MWNT rules out the need for functionalizing the hybrid composite again, thereby preserving the high thermal properties of graphene. Thermal conductivity enhancement of 9.2% and 10.5% is obtained with graphene and graphene–MWNT nanofluids in de-ionized water at room temperature for 0.04% volume fraction. The high thermal transport characteristics of graphene–MWNT composite nanofluids is ascribed to the high aspect ratio of MWNT and graphene, which in turn can form tightly bonded clusters and, by suppressing the interface resistance, can become excellent additives to attain high thermal conductivity. Further, an enhancement in heat-transfer coefficient of 193% at Reynolds number 2000 for 0.02% volume fraction of aqueous graphene–MWNT nanofluids suggests the potential application of the present hybrid material-based nanofluids in cooling circuits.
Identification, Timing, and Signal Specificity of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Quorum-Controlled Genes: a Transcriptome Analysis (2003)

There are two interrelated acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing-signaling systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These systems, the LasR-LasI system and the RhlR-RhlI system, are global regulators of gene expression. We performed a transcriptome analysis to identify quorum-sensing-controlled genes and to better understand quorum-sensing control of P. aeruginosa gene expression. We compared gene expression in a LasI-RhlI signal mutant grown with added signals to gene expression without added signals, and we compared a LasR-RhlR signal receptor mutant to its parent. In all, we identified 315 quorum-induced and 38 quorum-repressed genes, representing about 6% of the P. aeruginosa genome. The quorum-repressed genes were activated in the stationary phase in quorum-sensing mutants but were not activated in the parent strain. The analysis of quorum-induced genes suggests that the signal specificities are on a continuum and that the timing of gene expression is on a continuum (some genes are induced early in growth, most genes are induced at the transition from the logarithmic phase to the stationary phase, and some genes are induced during the stationary phase). In general, timing was not related to signal concentration. We suggest that the level of the signal receptor, LasR, is a critical trigger for quorum-activated gene expression. Acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing appears to be a system that allows ordered expression of hundreds of genes during P. aeruginosa growth in culture.
Simultaneous Optimisation of Image Quality Improvement and Text Content Extraction from Scanned Documents (2019)

Convolutional neural networks are shown to achieve breakthrough performance for the task of single image super resolution (SISR) for natural images. These state-of-the-art (SOA) networks have been adapted to the task of single text image super resolution and have been shown to boost the optical character recognition (OCR) performance. However, these approaches depend on variations of the standard mean squared error (MSE) loss in order to train the SR network for improving the text image quality which does not guarantee optimal OCR performance. In this paper, we propose to combine the OCR performance into the loss function during network training. This results in the generation of high resolution text images that achieve high OCR performance that is comparable to the ground truth high-resolution text images and surpassing those of the SOA baseline results. We define novel intuitive metrics to capture the improvement in the OCR performance and provide extensive experiments to qualitatively and quantitatively assess improvement in the results of our proposed approach against the SOA baselines on the standard UNLV dataset.
Characterization of the elastic moduli in composite plates via dispersive guided waves data and genetic algorithms (2012)

In this study, an inverse procedure based on stress guided waves is proposed for the characterization of the elastic moduli of composite plates. The characterization is carried out via genetic algorithms by minimizing the discrepancy between experimental and numerical group delay curves for different directions of propagation along the plate. Experimentally, for a given distance source–receiver, the group delay curves are obtained by processing the guided waves time–transient signals via a time–frequency transform. For the same distance, a fast and reliable semi-analytical finite element formulation is used for the forward computation of the group delay curves. Here, pseudo-experimental data, generated by means of the semi-analytical finite element model for an assumed known set of elastic coefficients, are used to test the reliability of the proposed procedure. The results obtained for three different plates are promising. Since semi-analytical finite element formulations can also handle plates with uniform curvature, this identification procedure could be extended to composite shells. The authors believe that this procedure could support the on-field nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring of composite plates and shells.
Interrupting Characteristics of Series Connection of Thermal Puffer Gas Circuit Breaker and Vacuum Circuit Breaker (1993)

At the request of air-operation-less subsations, air-operated circuit breakers are going to be replaced to oli-operated or spring-operated circuit breakers recently. To apply a spring-actuater of lower operating energy, it is necessary to reduce the operating energy of interrupters.The authors investigated a hybrid circuit breaker of series connection of thermal puffer gas interrupter and vacuum interrupter. The withstand-voltage ability of thermal puffer gas interruter, which requires small operating energy, is high, but high-di/dt or high-dV/dt interrupting ability is not so high. On the other hand, high-di/dt or high-dV/dt interrupting ability of vacuum circuit breaker is high, but its unit voltage is difficult to increase. So the authors invented to connect them is series. Its operating energy will be quite lower than that of conventional puffer type gas circuit breaker.One of the subjects for developping the hybrid circuit breaker is to reduce the distribution of transient recovery voltage of vacuum interrupter during high current interruption. Interrupting characteristics were examined experimentally. As a result, interrupting ability of thermal puffer gas interrupter was improved by changing gas flow from single-flow to double-flow. The principle of voltage sharing of the hybrid circuit breaker were confirmed. This means that the hybrid circuit breaker of series connection of thermal puffer gas interrupter and vacuum interrupter will be realized as a quite low operating enegy pufferless circuit breaker.
Void Nucleation, and Growth during Tensile Deformation of Nanoscale Precipitated Steel and Bainitic Steel (2019)

A local elongation of 8% for nanoscale precipitated steel was observed via tensile testing, which is higher than that of 5% for bainitic steel. To determine the factor underlying this difference, void nucleation, growth, and coalescence mechanisms in the nanoscale precipitated steel and the bainitic steel were examined using electron backscattering diffraction and subsequent observation by synchrotron radiation X-ray laminography during tensile testing. Synchrotron radiation X-ray laminography analysis of void growth and coalescence revealed that the critical strain and the critical void volume fraction for fracture in the bainitic steel were smaller than those for the nanoscale precipitated steel. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry analyses revealed that C atoms were segregated at grain boundaries in the bainitic steel. Void nucleation sites in the nanoscale precipitated steel were nanoscale precipitates inside the grain and at grain boundaries and coarse precipitates; however, in the bainitic steel, void nucleation sites were entirely at grain boundaries. Nanoindentation hardness measurements showed a larger plastic strain gradient between the grain boundary and matrix in the bainitic steel than in the nanoscale precipitated steel. From these results, the high local elongation exhibited by the nanoscale precipitated steel was concluded to be due to the reduced plastic strain gradient with a uniform hardness distribution between the grain boundary and the grain interior.
Towards a Strategy Language for Maude (2005)

We describe a first proposal for a strategy language for Maude, to control the rewriting process and to be used at the object level instead of at the metalevel. We also describe a prototype implementation built over Full Maude using the metalevel and the metalanguage facilities provided by Maude. Finally, we include a series of examples that illustrate the main features of the proposed language.