gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is Lycopene an Effective Agent for Preventing Prostate Cancer? (2013)

The role of lycopene, an open-chain carotenoid found in tomatoes and devoid of retinoid activity, as an anticarcinogenic, chemopreventive agent, especially for use in prostate cancer, is still under active investigation. In this issue, Qui and colleagues show that lycopene induces responses in human prostate epithelial cells that are antiproliferative, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory, as well as downregulating targets in the androgen receptor signaling pathway. In this perspective, we review aspects of the molecular and cellular biology of lycopene that support its use for prevention of prostate cancer. Whether lycopene itself or its metabolites induce most of its benefits is still uncertain. At present, meta-analysis of clinical studies of lycopene for prevention of prostate cancer in men does not yet support the definitive clinical use of this carotenoid in a preventive setting.
A cross‐country comparison of pregnant women's decision‐making and perspectives when opting for non‐invasive prenatal testing in the Netherlands and Belgium (2023)

Differences in women's decision-making regarding NIPT and the conditions screened for may be influenced by counseling aspects and country-specific societal and cultural contexts.
Supplementary Figure Legends from PD-1/PD-L1–Associated Immunoarchitectural Patterns Stratify Pancreatic Cancer Patients into Prognostic/Predictive Subgroups (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl. Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Low expression of the K280N TNNT2 mutation is sufficient to increase basal myofilament activation in human hypertrophy cardiomyopathy (2022)

The cTnT-K280N mutation increases myofilament Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitivity, elevates diastolic Ca<sup>2+</sup>, enhances contractility and impairs cellular relaxation. A low level (14%) of the cTnT-K280N sensitizes myofilaments to Ca<sup>2+</sup>, a universal finding of human HCM.
The Effects of a Subtenoncapsular Injection of Bevacizumab for Ocular Surface Disease With Corneal Neovascularization (2009)

Purpose: To investigate the effect of an injection of bevacizumab into the sub-Tenon's capsule on ocular surface neovascularization disease including pterygium and corneal neovascularization. Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 21 patients with pterygium and 19 eyes of 15 patients with corneal neovascularization were given an injection of 5 mg bevacizumab into the sub-Tenon's capsule. The clinical effects and complications were evaluated by analyzing the changes in anterior segment photo, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure at week one, week two, week four, and every month thereafter. Results: After injections of bevacizumab, partial remission of corneal neovascularized lesion was observed in five eyes (20%) of the pterygium group, and there were no significant changes in the visual acuity and no complications. In the corneal neovascularization group, corneal neovascularized lesions of 18 eyes (95%: 2 eyes, complete remission 16 eyes, partial remission) improved after injections of the bevacizumab and the scores of extent and severity of corneal neovascularized lesion improved significantly, unlike the pterygium group. The visual acuity of two eyes (11%) improved more than two lines of Yong-Han Jin's distance visual acuity test and there were no systemic side effects. Localized side effects included four eyes (21%) with punctate epithelial erosions and two eyes (11%) with temporary, elevated intraocular pressure in the corneal neovascularization group. The side effects improved without any additional treatment. Conclusions: An injection of bevacizumab into the sub-Tenon's capsule is more effective in fresh lesions of corneal neovascularization disease than in old and stable lesions of pterygium. Therefore, it could be used as a prominent treatment of various corneal neovascularization diseases.
Live-attenuated<i>Listeria</i>-based immunotherapy (2013)

For decades Listeria monocytogenes has been used as a model of host-disease immunology, and a considerable body of knowledge has been amassed regarding the complex immune response to L. monocytogenes. Attenuated strains of L. monocytogenes are currently being assessed as therapeutic bacterial vectors to present tumor-associated antigens to the immune system for the clinical treatment of cancer. L. monocytogenes immunotherapy utilizes many synchronous and disparate action mechanisms that stimulate innate and cell-mediated adaptive immunity while reducing immunosuppressive influences in the tumor microenvironment. Other effects not typically associated with immunotherapy include the stimulation of myeloid hematopoiesis and vascular changes that enable chemotaxis. Preliminary clinical results using L. monocytogenes bearing the HPV oncogene E7 indicate good tolerability and a strong efficacy signal, warranting further development. This article reviews the current status of L. monocytogenes as a cancer immunotherapeutic and the complex immune responses that underlie L. monocytogenes immunotherapy.
Cognate epitope recognition by bovine CD4 and CD8 T cells is essential for primary expansion of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cells following ex vivo stimulation with a candidate <i>Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis</i> peptide vaccine (2019)

Abstract Studies in cattle show CD8 cytotoxic T cells (CTL), with the ability to kill intracellular bacteria, develop following stimulation of monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mdPBMC) with conventional dendritic cells (cDC) and monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) pulsed with MMP, a membrane protein from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ( Map ) encoded by MAP2121c . CTL activity was diminished if CD4 T cells were depleted from mdPBMC before antigen (Ag) presentation by cDC and MoDC, suggesting simultaneous cognate recognition of MMP epitopes presented by MHC I and MHC II molecules might be essential for development of CTL activity. To clarify whether cognate recognition is essential for CTL development, studies were conducted with mdPBMC cultures in the presence of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for MHC class I and MHC class II molecules. The CTL response of mdPBMC to MMP-pulsed DC was completely blocked in the presence of mAbs to both MHC I and II molecules and also blocked in the presence of mAbs to either MHC I or MHC II. The results demonstrate CD4 T-cell help is essential for development of a primary CTL response to MMP, and indicate that cognate recognition is required for delivery of CD4 T-cell help during priming. Of importance, the findings provide support for the importance of CD4 and CD8 T-cell cognate antigen recognition in eliciting CTL responses to vaccines against intracellular pathogens. The methods described herein can be used to elucidate the intracellular interactions between lymphocytes and DC in humans and cattle.
Magnetic Nanoparticles: Inner Ear Targeted Molecule Delivery and Middle Ear Implant (2006)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SNP) composed of magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) were studied preliminarily as vehicles for therapeutic molecule delivery to the inner ear and as a middle ear implant capable of producing biomechanically relevant forces for auditory function. Magnetite SNP were synthesized, then encapsulated in either silica or poly (D,L,-Lactide-co-glycolide) or obtained commercially with coatings of oleic acid or dextran. Permanent magnetic fields generated forces sufficient to pull them across tissue in several round window membrane models (in vitrocell culture, in vivo rat and guinea pig, and human temporal bone) or to embed them in middle ear epithelia. Biocompatibility was investigated by light and electron microscopy, cell culture kinetics, and hair cell survival in organotypic cell culture and no measurable toxicity was found. A sinusoidal magnetic field applied to guinea pigs with SNP implanted in the middle ear resulted in displacements of the middle ear comparable to 90 dB SPL.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Precast Prestressed Concrete Frames Containing Recycled Aggregates (2022)

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Peripheral Nerve Block Catheters and Low Molecular Weight Heparin (2007)

To the Editor: Bickler et al. (1) recently described three cases of localized bleeding or extensive hematoma after femoral and sciatic continuous nerve blocks in conjunction with the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). However, we doubt their conclusion regarding the importance of timing of catheter removal relative to LMWH dosing. It is ironic that the authors chose to (incorrectly) cite our case report (2) of sciatic nerve compression from hematoma after total hip replacement. In that case, the sciatic compression was due to surgical bleeding in the hip joint, not to bleeding at the site of the nerve block. Recognition of that distinction led to prompt diagnosis and intervention and full neurologic recovery. In the cases described by Bickler et al. the preoperative coagulation status (International Normalized Ratio, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count) was not reported for any of the patients. Moreover, no attempt was made to perform a computed tomography scan to establish the diagnosis of hematoma or the site of the bleeding. While in Case 1 there was obviously bleeding at the site of the peripheral nerve block catheters, it is not clear that the bulk of bleeding into the thigh did not derive from the surgical site. Specifically, in Figure 1, it appears that while there is ecchymosis in the inguinal area the majority of the swelling and ecchymosis extend up posteriorly from the knee. Furthermore the authors note that the bleeding at the site of the catheters had begun long before catheter removal. In Cases 2 and 3 there were only relatively minor bleeding complications at the nerve block sites. Again, the bleeding in these cases occurred before removal of the catheters and most likely was related to traumatic placement, not catheter removal. We believe, therefore. that this report has more to say about the technique of neural blockade and its implications for bleeding complications than it does about the removal of the catheters. In our experience of more than 10,000 continuous femoral, sciatic, and lumbar plexus blocks over the past 4 yr in patients receiving prophylactic warfarin, LMWH, and fondoparinux, not a single patient has experienced a bleeding complication upon catheter removal despite the fact that we do not schedule catheter removal with respect to anticoagulant administration. To reiterate, the critical point is one of the technique of placement, not of timing of removal. Rather than providing new objective evidence that special consideration should be given to the timing of peripheral nerve block catheter removal, this report does, however, nicely illustrate the relative safety of continuous peripheral nerve blocks in patients receiving anticoagulants and the lack of disastrous consequences even when bleeding does occur. Bruce Ben-David, MD Jacques E. Chelly, MD, PhD, MBA Department of Anesthesiology Presbyterian-Shadyside Hospital University of Pittsburgh Medical Centers Pittsburgh, PA [email protected]
Investigation of split groundplanes at the connector for EMI control (2002)

EMI can often be reduced by selectively filtering various parts of a given system. One common method employed by designers is to split the groundplane near the chassis and route I/O lines over the split. The rationale is based on providing a large series impedance to common-mode on the I/O lines. In this manner, PCB designers hope to lower the level of noise currents contributing to radiation. This work studies the efficacy of the groundplane split as a deterrent for EMI associated with I/O lines being driven against other extended reference structures. A test-board was developed to analyze the impedance of the groundplane with various configurations.
Heterogeneous Integration on Organic Interposer Substrate with fine-pitch RDL and 40 micron pitch Micro-bumps (2023)

In this study, the heterogeneous integration of three chips including an FPGA, HBM, and IBM AI chip on an organic interposer substrate using Cu-pillar micro-bump solder joint is investigated. The largest chip is the FPGA with a size of approximately 29 mm x 12 mm and containing more than 188,000 pads at 40 um pitch. The organic substrate used in this study is 55 mm x 55 mm square with 4+1 7-2-7 layers and ENEPIG (electroless Ni/Pd/Au) surface finished pads. 2 um/2 um line and space RDL was used on the build-up substrate to achieve high-bandwidth interconnection between the FPGA and HBM. Belt-furnace reflow and normal thermo-compression bonding (TCB) processes could not connect the fine-pitch micro-bumps of large FPGA die without non-wet or solder bridging defects due to warpage and CTE differences. Therefore, to solve these issues, we have developed a new solder deposition technique that uses IMS (injection molded solder) to form a specified volume of solder in the right place on the organic interposer substrate. This advanced IMS process varied the solder amount across the die site to decrease volume in areas prone to bridging and increase volume in areas prone to non-wetting. The underfill process was also optimized to reenforce the package and reduce the stress from the substrate warpage and CTE mismatch. Selective cross-sectional analysis was used to study the geometry of micro-bumps after the chip join, and confirmed the micro-bumps were joined without defects. The results of the electrical measurement test after assembly confirmed that no short circuit has occurred.
&lt;title&gt;Dynamic simulations of tissue welding&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

The exposure of human skin to near-infrared radiation is numerically simulated using coupled laser, thermal transport and mass transport numerical models. The computer model LATIS is applied in both one-dimensional and two-dimensional geometries. Zones within the skin model are comprised of a topical solder, epidermis, dermis, and fatty tissue. Each skin zone is assigned initial optical, thermal and water density properties consistent with values listed in the literature. The optical properties of each zone (i.e. scattering, absorption and anisotropy coefficients) are modeled as a kinetic function of the temperature. Finally, the water content in each zone is computed from water diffusion where water losses are accounted for by evaporative losses at the air-solder interface. The simulation results show that the inclusion of water transport and evaporative losses in the model are necessary to match experimental observations. Dynamic temperature and damage distributions are presented for the skin simulations.
Complete Activation of Thyroid Hormone Receptor β by T&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; is Essential for Normal Cochlear Function and Morphology in Mice (2011)

Both mutations were deleterious to tectorial membrane development and led to important alterations in cochlear morphology and loss of cochlear function.
Self-Adaptive Timing Repair (2017)

This article describes a method to continuously monitor paths delays in an operational FPGA design and to improve slow paths by incremental partial reconfiguration. Since online delay measuring is more accurate than design time estimation, this approach allows to balance delays which can be used to improve performance or reduce power consumption. In addition, it counteracts aging effects and prolongs the system’s useful life time. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">—Axel Jantsch, TU Wien</i>
Introduction to budget based network admission control methods (2004)

In this paper we describe the new concept of network admission control (NAC) and delimit it against link admission control (LAC). Four basically different budget based NAC methods are presented.
A high-power W-band monolithic FGC doubler (2000)

This paper describes the realization of a high output power W-band planar monolithic doubler using finite ground coplanar lines. The design of this doubler is based on two parallel pairs of varactor Schottky diodes fabricated on GaAs substrate, Measured results indicate a 12.5% efficiency at 74 GHz, a minimum 3-dB bandwidth of 12.5%, a return loss of -15 dB and a maximum output power of 115 mW. To the authors' knowledge, this is the highest output power level reported for a planar/monolithic W-band doubler.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Dectin-1 limits autoimmune neuroinflammation and promotes myeloid cell-astrocyte crosstalk via Card9-independent expression of Oncostatin M. (2021)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Dectin-1 limits autoimmune neuroinflammation and promotes myeloid cell-astrocyte crosstalk via Card9-independent expression of Oncostatin M.
Aposn Performance Under the Man and Wan Environments (2006)

The All-Photonic Overlaid Star Network (APOSN) provides a simple architecture for high-speed backbone networks using available optical technologies. We consider in this paper a distributed signaling and scheduling protocol to enable prompt responding and flexible control of traffic demands. A contention-based approach is used for bandwidth allocation, and there is no coordination among the edge switches and the edge switches transmit traffic to the egress switches via the core switch at any time. Two schemes are considered here: the Optical Burst Switching (OBS) operation that is random, as opposed to the more orderly scheduled Distributed TDM (DTDM). By studying the operation ranges of various typical parameters for these two schemes as well as their variants, we are able to provide performance tradeoffs and insights into the effect of system parameter settings.
A Switch in p53 Dynamics Marks Cells That Escape from DSB-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest (2020)

(Cell Reports 32, 107995-1–107995-12, e1–e4; August 4, 2020) In the originally published version of this paper, Figure 4 (original) panel C is missing two inhibitory arrow heads, one from the PIDDosome to Mdm2 and one from the Mdm2 to p53. Figure 4 (corrected) has been corrected and now appears here and with the paper online. The authors regret this error.Figure 4The Caspase-2-PIDDosome Contributes to the Switch in p53 Dynamics (original)View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) A Switch in p53 Dynamics Marks Cells That Escape from DSB-Induced Cell Cycle ArrestTsabar et al.Cell ReportsAugust 04, 2020In BriefTsabar et al. show that a subset of cells switches from oscillatory to sustained p53 dynamics more than 24 h after irradiation-induced DNA damage. Switching is maximal at intermediate radiation doses, requires escape from irradiation-induced cell cycle arrest, and is facilitated by caspase-2-PIDDosome-mediated degradation of p53’s inhibitor MDM2. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Elementary framework for cold field emission from quantum-confined, non-planar emitters (2015)

For suitably small field emitters, the effects of quantum confinement at the emitter tip may have a significant impact on the emitter performance and total emitted current density (ECD). Since the geometry of a quantum system uniquely determines the magnitude and distribution of its energy levels, a framework for deriving ECD equations from cold field electron emitters of arbitrary geometry and dimensionality is developed. In the interest of obtaining semi-analytical ECD equations, the framework is recast in terms of plane wave solutions to the Schrödinger equation via the use of the Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation. To demonstrate the framework's consistency with our previous work and its capabilities in treating emitters with non-planar geometries, ECD equations were derived for the normally unconfined cylindrical nanowire (CNW) and normally confined (NC) CNW emitter geometries. As a function of the emitter radius, the NC CNW emitter ECD profile displayed a strong dependence on the Fermi energy and had an average ECD that exceeded the Fowler-Nordheim equation for typical values of the Fermi energy due to closely spaced, singly degenerate energy levels (excluding electron spin), comparatively large electron supply values, and the lack of a transverse, zero-point energy. Such characteristics suggest that emitters with non-planar geometries may be ideal for emission from both an electron supply and electrostatics perspective.
Read and Pass Disturbance in the Programmed States of Floating Gate Flash Memory Cells With High-&lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex Notation="TeX"&gt;$\kappa$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; Interpoly Gate Dielectric Stacks (2013)

High-κ stacks have been used in the 20-nm generation of floating gate (FG) flash memory cells as the interpoly dielectric (IPD). However, electron trapping in high-κ materials remains a major concern for the further development of FG technology. For conventional FG cells, read/pass disturbance in the erased states is a major issue. In this paper, for the first time, it is observed that electron trapping/detrapping in the high-κ IPD layers can cause severe abnormal read/pass disturbances in the programmed states. Extensive evidence shows that this instability in programmed states originates from several competing mechanisms, including the redistribution of electron trapping between the IPD and FG and the electron discharging from FG/IPD into the control gate. This issue should be addressed in the development of future generations of FG Flash technology with higher-κ IPD materials.
Zero-Signal-Power Communication: Zero-Power Classical Communication, Zero-Quantum Quantum Communication and Environmental-Noise Communication (2005)

A new physical way of communication, communication by the inherent background noise, is proposed which does not need net energy transfer in the information channel. The communicator devices do dissipate energy however they do not emit net energy into the channel, instead of that, they modulate the parameters of inherent spontaneous fluctuations in the channel. The new method can use two different mechanisms, thermal noise (Johnson-Nyquist noise) for classical communication, and vacuum fluctuations/zero point energy (quantum uncertainty noise) for quantum communication. The strongest advantage of the method that this is apparently the most hidden (stealth) way of communication, because it is using the inherent background noise for communication, therefore it is extremely difficult or impossible to discover its presence. Moreover, with proper wave-based arrangements, the sender and the receiver can easily detect eavesdropper activities, so that the eavesdropper is detected as soon as she extracts a single bit of information, thus the security of the method is at least as good or better than the security of quantum communication/quantum key distribution schemes. Finally, concerning practical applications, environmental noise, out of the fundamental/inherent fluctuations, can also be used for this kind of communication provided that is sufficiently stationary.