gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMBINED KEYBOARD / TOUCH TABLET INPUT DEVICE (1994)

Systems with graphical user interfaces (Guts) are often called direct manipulation Systems. One way to improve such systems is to provide more versatile input mechanisms in order to improve the range and directness of the manipulations the user can perform. Touch tablets have been shown to be very useful in increasing the range of direct manipulation actions a user is able to perform when interacting with a GUI. [2] In particular, two techniques have been developed for expanding the versatility of touch tablets as direct manipulation input devices. One such technique involves the concept of partitioning the touch sensitive surface of the tablet into multiple locations, or input windows, analogous to windows on a display screen, in order to create multiple virtual input devices. Touch actions on the surface of the tablet are interpreted differently depending on where each touch occurs, and thus a single touch tablet input device can serve to function as a number of virtual input devices.[1] A second technique involves providing touch tablets with the ability to sense the location (and possibly pressure) of each of many simultaneous points of contact.[3] Such a multi-touch tablet supports nearly simultaneous direct manipulation inputs, and when coupled with the technique of the multiple input windows just described, enables two-handed or multi-fingered input for a variety of closely coupled manipulations. For example, a user would be able to scroll through a window's contents with one hand while zooming or scaling with the other, or would be able to simultaneously adjust multiple parameters using linear controllers (called sliders). Thus, providing a relatively large, multi-touch receptive touch surface that supports multiple input windows would he a useful additional input device in a direct manipulation system. However, adding such a device to a conventional direct manipulation system that already includes a pointing device, such as a mouse, and a keyboard would add to the desktop space required for the system (called the system's footprint.)
Thermoelectric Properties of beta-Zn4Sb3 Synthesized by MA-SPS Method (2004)

Thermoelectric power generation is a hopeful method harnessing waste thermal energy especially covering the middle temperature range between 500 and 800K. The compound βZn4Sb3 has become the focus of attention as a thermoelectric material available to thermoelectric power generation around 700K. In this research, the method combined the mechanical allying (MA) with the spark plasma sintering (SPS) was adopted in order to obtain the sintered device of compound β-Zn4Sb3. The pure zinc powder and pure antimony powder were used as the starting powders for mechanical alloying. The zinc and antimony powders were mixed in the stoichiometry ratio of 4 to 3 or more Zn-rich. The mechanical alloying was carried out by planetary ball milling under the conditions of fixed revolution speed and variable milling time. The influence of the milling time on the synthesis of compound β-Zn4Sb3 was investigated. The sintering was executed under two types of sintering temperature and under fixed conditions of sintering time, pressing pressure and atmosphere. The influence of the sintering temperature by SPS on the thermoelectric properties was also investigated. The following results were clarified. The phases of ZnSb and Zn are easily obtained by mechanical alloying of more than 50hr. These phases change to single phase of β-Zn4Sb3 by SPS under optimum condition of Zn-rich mixing. The sintered device of β-Zn4Sb3 with 1.17 of non-dimensional figure of merit at 673K can be obtained by MA-SPS method.
Quaternary range dynamics and taxonomy of the Mediterranean collared dwarf racer,<i>Platyceps collaris</i>(Squamata: Colubridae) (2020)

Abstract The geological and geographical settings of the Eastern Mediterranean have resulted in complex patterns of intraspecific diversifications and phylogeographical histories that can be observed in squamates. In this study, we examined genetic differentiation of the Collared dwarf racer (Platyceps collaris) using a multilocus genetic dataset with a sampling that covered the entire range of the species. We developed distribution models in current and past climatic conditions to assess the dynamics of the species distribution through time. We sequenced a fragment of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the holotype and eight paratypes of Coluber rubriceps thracius, which is considered a synonym of Platyceps collaris. Our results show that there are two distinct clades within P. collaris, one occupying the Balkans and western and southern Anatolia (termed the Balkan–Anatolian clade), the other in the Levant (termed the Levantine clade). All type specimens of C. r. thracius are genetically identical and cluster within the Balkan–Anatolian clade. Distribution models indicate the presence of two refugia during climatically challenging periods. One was in western Anatolia and served as a source for the colonization of the Balkans and southern Anatolia, and the other was in the northern Levant, from where P. collaris dispersed further south. According to our results, we revise the subspecific taxonomy of P. collaris.
Scalable freeform deformation (2007)

Freeform deformation techniques are powerful and flexible tools for interactive 3D shape editing. However, while interactivity is the key constraint for the usability of such tools, it cannot be maintained when the complexity of either the 3D model or the applied deformation exceeds a given workstation-dependent threshold. In this work, we solve this scalability problem by introducing a streaming system based on a sampling-reconstruction approach. First a fast out-of-core adaptive simplification algorithm is performed in a pre-processing step, for quick generation, of a simplified version of the model. The resulting model can then be submitted to arbitrary FFD tools, as its reduced size ensures interactive response. Second, a post-processing step performs a feature-preserving deformation reconstruction that applies to the original model the deformation undergone by its simplified version. Both bracketing steps share a streaming and point-based basis, making them fully scalable and compatible both with point-clouds and non-manifold meshes. Our system also offers a generic out-of-core multi-scale layer to FFD tools, since the two bracketing steps remain available for partial up-sampling during the interactive session. Arbitrarily large 3D models can thus be interactively edited with most FFD tools, opening the use of advanced deformation metaphors to models ranging from million to billion samples. Our system also enables offers to work on models that fit in memory but exceed the capabilities of a given FFD tool.
The <i>C</i><sup>8</sup>-(2‘-Deoxy-β-<scp>d</scp>-ribofuranoside) of 7-Deazaguanine:  Synthesis and Base Pairing of Oligonucleotides with Unusually Linked Nucleobases (2001)

The 7-deazaguanine (2-aminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one) C(8)-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranoside) (6b), which possesses an unusual glycosylation site, was synthesized and incorporated in oligonucleotides. The oligonucleotides were prepared by solid-phase synthesis using phosphoramidite chemistry and were hybridized to form duplex DNA. Compound 6b is able to form base pairs with 2'-deoxy-5-methylisocytidine (m(5)isoC(d)) in oligonucleotide duplexes with antiparallel chain orientation and with dC in parallel duplex DNA. Thus, the C(8)-nucleoside 6b shows a similar base recognition as 2'-deoxyisoguanosine but not as 2'-deoxyguanosine. This indicates that the nucleic acid recognition not only depends on the donor-acceptor pattern of the nucleobase but is influenced by the glycosylation site. Base pairs of compound 6b formed with canonical and modified nucleosides are proposed.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Adenocarcinomas in Barrett’s Esophagus: Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene p53 (1997)

Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of adenocarcinomas in Barrett’s esophagus in approximately 50% of patients. They occur at an early stage of tumor development presumably prior to the development of invasive cancer in premalignant Barrett’s epithelium. The majority of mutations are transition-type mutations, which is in striking contrast to esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and favors a different molecular pathogenesis for the two types of esophageal cancer. A prospective long-term study in a substantial number of patients with benign Barrett’s esophagus is mandatory to finally elucidate the role of p53 mutations as a marker for the malignant potential of Barrett’s epithelium.
Limitation of syntrophic coculture growth by the acetogen (2015)

The syntrophic cooperation between hydrogen-producing acetogens and hydrogenotrophic methanogens relies on a critical balance between both partners. A recent study, provided several indications for the dependence of the biomass-specific growth rate of a methanogenic coculture on the acetogen. Nevertheless, final experimental proof was lacking since biomass-specific rates were obtained from a descriptive model, and not from direct measurement of individual biomass concentrations. In this study, a recently developed quantitative PCR approach was used to measure the individual biomass concentrations in the coculture of Desulfovibrio sp. G11 and Methanospirillum hungatei JF1 on lactate, formate or both. The model-derived growth yields and biomass-specific rates were successfully validated. Experimental findings identified the acetogen as the growth-limiting partner in the coculture on lactate. While the acetogen was operating at its maximum biomass-specific lactate consumption rate, the hydrogenotrophic methanogen showed a significant overcapacity. Furthermore, this study provides experimental evidence for different growth strategies followed by the syntrophic partners in order to maintain a common biomass-specific growth rate. During syntrophic lactate conversion, the biomass-specific electron transfer rate of Methanospirillum hungatei JF1 was three-fold higher compared to Desulfovibrio sp. G11. This is to compensate for the lower methanogenic biomass yield per electron-mole of substrate, which is dictated by the thermodynamics of the underlying reaction.
Circulating Angiogenic Cell and Microparticle Response to Prolonged Sitting (2019)

Prolonged sitting increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. However, markers of vascular repair and damage such as circulating angiogenic cell (CAC) populations and microparticles (MP) have not been characterized with prolonged sitting or sitting with intermittent activity. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of 3h of sitting with or without calf raises on CD34+, CD62E+, and CD31+/42b- MP populations which are linked to endothelial activation, apoptosis and CAC paracrine activity, respectively, and CD14/31+, CD3/31+, and CD34+ CACs which are linked to endothelial repair. METHODS: After familiarization, sedentary subjects (n=18) sat still for 180 minutes (control condition) or sat for 180 minutes but performed 10 calf raises every 10 minutes (experimental condition) in a random order. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at 180 minutes for analyses. CACs and MPs were isolated and analyzed using multicolor fluorescent flow cytometry. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA and are presented as mean + standard error. RESULTS: There was a main effect of sitting to decrease CD34+ MPs (119+8 vs. 106+7 events/μl, p<0.01) and CD62E+ MPs (53+6 vs. 34+4 events/μl, p<0.001) regardless of condition. There were no significant differences in CD31+/42b- MPs (50+7 vs. 38+12 events/μl), CD14/31+ cell frequency (85+3 vs. 87+2 % of parent), CD34+ cell frequency (704+169 vs. 560+122 per 500,00 events) or CD3/31+ cell frequency (52+3 vs. 50+2 % of parent) after sitting or between conditions. CONCLUSION: Contrary to our hypothesis, a three-hour bout of sitting with or without calf raises was not sufficient to affect CAC numbers. Furthermore, sitting decreased MP markers linked to endothelial activation and CAC paracrine activity, and calf raises did not ameliorate these changes. Future studies assessing longer durations of sitting with a more potent stimulus (e.g., intermittent walking) should be done to further understand the effects of sitting on the CAC and MP response.
Air Flow Optimization and Calibration in High-Compression-Ratio Naturally Aspirated SI Engines with Cooled-EGR (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) “Midterm Evaluation of Light-duty Vehicle Standards for Model Years 2022-2025 [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]”, the U.S. EPA is evaluating engines and assessing the effectiveness of future engine technologies for reducing CO2 emissions. Such assessments often require significant development time and resources in order to optimize intake and exhaust cam variable valve timing (VVT), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow rates, and compression ratio (CR) changes. Mazda SkyActiv-G spark-ignition (SI) engines were selected by EPA for an internal engine development program based upon their high geometric compression ratio (14:1 in Europe and Japan, 13:1 in North America) and their use of a flexible valve train configuration with electro-mechanical phasing control on the intake camshaft. A one-dimensional GT-Power engine model was calibrated and validated using detailed engine dynamometer test data [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] from 2.0L and 2.5L versions of the SkyActiv-G engine. The calibrated GTPower model and a Mathworks Model-Based Calibration (MBC) tool box are being used by EPA to explore calibration and control development of intake and exhaust cam phasing, and cooled EGR flow rates to reduce CO2 and improve brake thermal efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
High-efficiency terahertz emitters based on three-dimensional metallic nanostructures (2014)

We present a photoconductive terahertz emitter that incorporates three-dimensional metallic nanostructures inside the device active area to offer record high optical-to-terahertz power conversion efficiencies. By use of three-dimensional metallic nanostructures the majority of photocarriers are generated within nanoscale distances from the photoconductor contact electrodes and drifted to the terahertz radiating antenna in a sub-picosecond time scale to efficiently contribute to terahertz radiation. We experimentally demonstrate 105 μW of broadband terahertz radiation in the 0.1-2 THz frequency range in response to a 1.4 mW optical pump, exhibiting a record high optical-to-terahertz power conversion efficiency of 7.5%.
Special issue featuring selected papers from the International Workshop on Bio-Inspired Robots (Nantes, France, 6–8 April 2011) (2012)

International audience
Molecular differences in IDH wildtype glioblastoma according to MGMT promoter methylation (2017)

MGMT promoter methylation status does not define a molecularly distinct glioblastoma subpopulation among untreated tumors. Progressive mMGMT glioblastomas and mMGMT tumors of patients with short survival tend to have more unfavorable molecular profiles.
Dilemmas associated with the surgical treatment of cutaneous B cell lymphomas (2007)

The cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are such forms of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, where the malignant proliferation appears primarily in the skin, and in 6 months after the diagnosis extracutaneous manifestation cannot be detected. Several cases can be found in the literature, which show long interval between the manifestation of the symptoms and the setting of the diagnosis. This calls the attention to the significance of difficulties in the differential diagnosis. During the treatment of cutaneous lymphomas the type, the cutaneous extension, and the extracutaneous manifestation of the disease must be defined. The therapeutic plan can be made up by analysing these findings. On the basis of findings in this case and in the literature, a surgical treatment--beyond determining the correct diagnosis--could be a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas.
Estimating the number of traffic crash-related cervical spine injuries in the United States; An analysis and comparison of national crash and hospital data (2020)

Because of a limited sample size and restrictive criteria for both crash and injury inclusion, the NASS-CDS cannot be used to estimate the number of crash-related spinal injuries of any type or severity in the US. The most inappropriate use of the database is for estimating the number of spinal injuries resulting from low speed rear impact collisions, as the NASS-CDS samples fewer than 1 in 100,000 of the cervical spine injuries of any type occurring in low speed rear impact collisions.
PACAP Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease and Protection Against Beta-Amyloid Toxicity (I11-1.010) (2014)

Objective:This study was aimed to quantify a neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in AD and non-AD brains, to evaluate the protective effects of PACAP against beta-amyloid toxicity, and to provide an insight on the pharmacological mechanism. Background: PACAP is intrinsically expressed in mammals and is considered to be a potent neurotrophic and neuroprotective peptide. The change of PACAP level in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear. We quantified the level of PACAP in AD brain and cognitive normal non-AD brain (CN). We test whether PACAP reduced beta-amyloid toxicity in primary cultured neurons, a post-mitotic cell population modeling AD pathological conditions. Methods:We examined PACAP in human postmortem AD cortex and compared it with CN cortex . We used cultured primary neuron to establish in vitro model of beta-amyloid toxicity, to introduce genetic manipulation to knock down or over-express proteins and to analyze mitochondrial functions. Results: PACAP expression was reduced in human AD cortex. This deficiency was linked to beta-amyloid plaque burden and Braak Stage. We also observed similar PACAP reduction in the brains of 3T×AD mice. In the cultured neurons, treatment with PACAP effectively protected neurons against beta-amyloid toxicity. PACAP stimulated mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) production. Similar to PACAP, SIRT3 was reduced in AD and 3T×AD transgenic mice. Knocking down SIRT3 compromised the neuroprotective effect of PACAP, and this was reversed by over-expressing SIRT3. Conclusion: PACAP is reduced in AD and the reduction is related to the severity of AD pathology. PACAP protects against beta-amyloid induced toxicity. The neuroprotective effects are mediated by SIRT3 and enhanced mitochondrial function. These results suggest that PACAP may be a potentially effective therapeutic approach for AD. Study supported by Arizona Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium and Barrow Neurological Foundation
Rheological behavior of acrylic paint blends based on polyaniline (2016)

The rheological properties of acrylic paints and polyaniline (PAni) blends, with different contents of PAni doped by dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (DBSA) and, dispersed by mechanical stirrer and ultrasonic, were investigated by controlled shear rate testing ramps. The results showed that the commercial acrylic paint had tended to deliver the required stability on the blends, in order to avoid sedimentation process. All samples exhibited non-Newtonian flow behavior (shear thinning), increasing PAni content the flow behavior index (n) decreased (0.41 to 0.11) and power law model were used to fitted the experimental curves. The results showed that the addition of PAni-DBSA affects the viscoelastic behavior of the mixtures due to the interactions between the components in the mixture. The best properties were obtained for samples 90/10 wt % dispersed by ultrasonic, indicating the feasibility of the usage as a conducting paint.
High‐resolution proton, carbon‐13 and nitrogen‐15 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of wheat proteins at high magnetic fields: Spectral assignments, changes with concentration and heating treatments of flinor gliadins in solution—comparison with gluten spectra (1982)

Abstract The first high‐field and high‐resolution proton, carbon‐13 and nitrogen‐15 nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectra of gliadin solutions are reported. Collective assignments are proposed based on ‘random coil’ chemical shifts and amino acid analysis of gliadins. Additional information from X‐ray diffraction, photoacoustic spectroscopy, dielectric relaxation and electrophoretic measurements is considered in the interpretation of the n.m.r. spectra. Marked changes in the n.m.r. spectra of gliadin solution were observed with increasing concentration or temperature. An interpretation of these effects in molecular terms is proposed and the practical implications of n.m.r. measurements for wheat variety identification and correlation with rheological testing indicated. The relevance of the results to studies of glutens is also noted.
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: A nationwide study of a rare sarcoma (2018)

Despite multimodal treatment, DSRCT is associated with dismal outcomes. Facilities familiar with treating this uncommon disease may experience superior outcomes.
Effect of the surface states on photoluminescence from surface GaN/Al <sub>0.2</sub> Ga <sub>0.8</sub> N quantum wells (2009)

We report on photoluminescence (PL) measurements at 85 K for GaN/Al0.2Ga0.8N surface quantum wells (SQWs) with a width in the range of 1.51–2.9 nm. The PL spectra show a redshift with decreasing SQW width, in contrast to the blueshift normally observed for conventional GaN QWs of the same width. The effect is attributed to a strong coupling of SQW confined exciton states with surface acceptors. The PL hence originates from the recombination of surface-acceptor-bound (A0sXA) excitons. Two types of acceptors were identified.
&lt;title&gt;Neural networks for vision-based collision avoidance&lt;/title&gt; (1994)

In this paper we investigate the application of an artificial neural network to the computation of the instantaneous observer's heading in a static environment. This parameter has an important role in vision-based collision avoidance systems and relies upon accurately locating the focus of expansion (FOE) associated with the radial optical flow pattern arising as a consequence of the translational component of motion. The approach proposed in this paper is based on a feed-forward neural network able to compute the image coordinates of the FOE. It is assumed that the input signals are supplied to the network by a sensorial module computing the optical flow associated with a sequence of time-varying images of the viewed scene. A number of experiments have been performed both for theoretical and for realistic optical flow fields. In this latter real-world experiments the input sensorial module has been simulated through an Hopfield network. Experimental results show that the proposed neural architecture is able to recover the FOE position of testing flow fields with a mean error of 0.1 pixels for exact theoretical motion fields. Moreover it seems resistant to noise and its performances appear appreciable also in real world contexts.