gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Influence of Fe Speciation on N2O Decomposition Over Fe–ZSM-5 Catalysts (2018)

The influence of Fe speciation on the decomposition rates of N<sub>2</sub>O over Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by Chemical Vapour Impregnation were investigated. Various weight loadings of Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared from the parent zeolite H-ZSM-5 with a Si:Al ratio of 23 or 30. The effect of Si:Al ratio and Fe weight loading was initially investigated before focussing on a single weight loading and the effects of acid washing on catalyst activity and iron speciation. UV/Vis spectroscopy, surface area analysis, XPS and ICP-OES of the acid washed catalysts indicated a reduction of ca. 60% of Fe loading when compared to the parent catalyst with a 0.4 wt% Fe loading. The TOF of N<sub>2</sub>O decomposition at 600 °C improved to 3.99 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> over the acid washed catalyst which had a weight loading of 0.16%, in contrast, the parent catalyst had a TOF of 1.60 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. Propane was added to the gas stream to act as a reductant and remove any inhibiting oxygen species that remain on the surface of the catalyst. Comparison of catalysts with relatively high and low Fe loadings achieved comparable levels of N<sub>2</sub>O decomposition when propane is present. When only N<sub>2</sub>O is present, low metal loading Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts are not capable of achieving high conversions due to the low proximity of active framework Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions and extra-framework ɑ-Fe species, which limits oxygen desorption. Acid washing extracts Fe from these active sites and deposits it on the surface of the catalyst as Fe<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>, leading to a drop in activity. The Fe species present in the catalyst were identified using UV/Vis spectroscopy and speculate on the active species. We consider high loadings of Fe do not lead to an active catalyst when propane is present due to the formation of Fe<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> nanoparticles and clusters during catalyst preparation. These are inactive species which lead to a decrease in overall efficiency of the Fe ions and consequentially a lower TOF.
Toxicité et qualité de vie comparées après curiethérapie par iode 125 et radiothérapie stéréotaxique des cancers prostatiques [Toxicity and quality of life comparison of iodine 125 brachytherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy for prostate cancers] (2017)

Quality of life is a major issue for good prognostic prostate cancer, for which brachytherapy is one of the reference treatments. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) is a recent alternative however not yet validated as a standard treatment. This review of the literature reports and compares the toxicities and the quality of life, either after exclusive brachytherapy with iodine 125 or after SBRT. The comparison is made with the limitations of the absence of randomized trial comparing the two treatment techniques. Acute toxicity appears to be lower after SBRT compared to brachytherapy (from 10 to 40 % versus 30 to 40 %, respectively). Conversely, acute and late gastrointestinal toxicity (from 0 to 21 % and from 0 to 10 % of grade 2, respectively) appears more frequent with SBRT. Late urinary toxicity seems identical between both techniques (from 20 to 30 % of grade 2), with a possible urinary flare syndrome. Both treatments have an impact on erectile dysfunction, although it is not possible to conclude that a technique is superior because of the limited data on SBRT. SBRT has better bowel and urinary (irritation or obstruction) quality of life scores than brachytherapy; while sexual and urinary incontinence remain the same. The absence of randomized trial comparing SBRT with brachytherapy for prostate cancers does not allow to conclude on the superiority of one technique over another, thus justifying a phase III medicoeconomic evaluation.
Diversity of the hepatitis C virus NS5B gene during HIV co-infection (2020)

Viral diversity is an important feature of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and an important predictor of disease progression and treatment response. HIV/HCV co-infection is associated with enhanced HCV replication, increased fibrosis, and the development of liver disease. HIV also increases quasispecies diversity of HCV structural genes, although limited data are available regarding the impact of HIV on non-structural genes of HCV, particularly in the absence of direct-acting therapies. The genetic diversity and presence of drug resistance mutations within the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) gene were examined in 3 groups of women with HCV genotype 1a infection, including those with HCV mono-infection, antiretroviral (ART)-naïve women with HIV/HCV co-infection and CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3, and ART-naïve women with HIV/HCV co-infection and CD4 cell count ≥350 cells/mm3. None had ever been treated for HCV infection. There was evidence of significant diversity across the entire NS5B gene in all women. There were several nucleotides and amino acids with distinct distributions across the three study groups, although no obvious clustering of NS5B sequences was observed based on HIV co-infection or CD4 cell count. Polymorphisms at amino acid positions associated with resistance to dasabuvir and sofosbuvir were limited, although the Q309R variant associated with ribavirin resistance was present in 12 individuals with HCV mono-infection, 8 HIV/HCV co-infected individuals with CD4 <350 cells/mm3, and 12 HIV/HCV co-infected individuals with CD4 ≥350 cells/mm3. Previously reported fitness altering mutations were rare. CD8+ T cell responses against the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B57-restricted epitopes NS5B2629-2637 and NS5B2936-2944 are critical for HCV control and were completely conserved in 44 (51.8%) and 70 (82.4%) study participants. These data demonstrate extensive variation across the NS5B gene. Genotypic variation may have a profound impact on HCV replication and pathogenesis and deserves careful evaluation.
Realization of Bi-directional Superluminal Ring Lasers Using Adjacent Transitions in Two Isotopes of Rubidium (2021)

We present the experimental realization of simultaneous bi-directional superluminal lasing in a triangular ring cavity. The sensitivity enhancements of the superluminal ring lasers, inferred from simulation, are 505 and 362 at the two-photon resonance frequency.
Heuristic resource allocation algorithms for maximizing allowable workload in dynamic, distributed real-time systems (2004)

Summary form only given. We examine several heuristic algorithms for the maximum allowable workload (MAW) problem for real-time systems with tasks having variable workloads. Briefly, the problem concerns the allocation of tasks to m processors, where each task t is characterized by a function t.r(w) that gives the running time of the task in terms of its workload (or input size) w. The objective of the maximum allowable workload problem is to find an allocation of tasks to processors so that the allocation is feasible (no task misses its deadline) when each task is given a workload of w or smaller and w is maximized. This optimization problem uses a robustness measure that is closely related to the MAIL (maximum allowable increase in load) metric recently proposed by Gertphol et al. The main contribution of this paper is the comparison of several heuristic algorithms for the MAW-RMS problem. Hillclimbing, random search, simulated annealing, and first-fit heuristics are presented and evaluated via simulation. As we show here, the first-fit greedy heuristic produces solutions of a reasonable quality compared to the other algorithms. In addition, we demonstrate the applicability of our model in air defense systems.
Comparative Experimental Investigation of Leading Edge Cooling Concepts of Turbine Rotor Blades (2018)

This paper presents extensive results of an ongoing study on internal blade cooling concepts. A new test rig has been designed, built and commissioned, allowing fast comparison of different cooling schemes as well as surface temperature measurements for different cooling concepts. By scaling the test specimen, full aerothermal similarity was achieved at high measurement accuracy and resolution. Surface temperature (and thus total cooling effectiveness) is measured using high resolution, high dynamic range infrared thermography with an improved data evaluation method. Results for a conventional multi-pass cooling design are presented as a baseline case. Several new internal cooling concepts are then assessed for their relative cooling performance to the conventional design as well as their absolute cooling effectiveness. Those designs include various internal swirl concepts (cyclone cooling). The results show that great care has to be taken when designing advanced internal cooling concepts with complex flow structures, since the effects of internal crossflow, internal pressure loss, internal heat transfer coefficient, and film cooling effectiveness strongly interact with each other and the hot gas flow and hence affect the resulting total cooling effectiveness.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from A Unique Galectin Signature in Human Prostate Cancer Progression Suggests Galectin-1 as a Key Target for Treatment of Advanced Disease (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 123K, Figure S1. Gal-1 mRNA expression and PSA mRNA expression in hormone-responsive (HR) and castration-resistant (CR) LNCaP cells Figure S2: Immunoreactivity of anti-galectin antibodies&lt;/p&gt;
Poliovirus RNA Is Released from the Capsid near a Twofold Symmetry Axis (2010)

After recognizing and binding to its host cell, poliovirus (like other nonenveloped viruses) faces the challenge of translocating its genome across a cellular membrane and into the cytoplasm. To avoid entanglement with the capsid, the RNA must exit via a single site on the virion surface. However, the mechanism by which a single site is selected (from among 60 equivalents) is unknown; and until now, even its location on the virion surface has been controversial. To help to elucidate the mechanism of infection, we have used single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to reconstruct conformationally altered intermediates that are formed by the poliovirion at various stages of the poliovirus infection process. Recently, we reported icosahedrally symmetric structures for two forms of the end-state 80S empty capsid particle. Surprisingly, RNA was frequently visible near the capsid; and in a subset of the virions, RNA was seen on both the inside and outside of the capsid, caught in the act of exiting. To visualize RNA exiting, we have now determined asymmetric reconstructions from that subset, using both single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomographic methods, producing independent reconstructions at ∼50-Å resolution. Contrary to predictions in the literature, the footprint of RNA on the capsid surface is located close to a viral 2-fold axis, covering a slot-shaped area of reduced density that is present in both of the symmetrized 80S reconstructions and which extends by about 20 Å away from the 2-fold axis toward each neighboring 5-fold axis.
A Control Strategy for Near-Ground Flying Aircrafts Based On Terrain Tracking (2019)

This paper focuses on the controller design and simulation for Near Ground Flying aircrafts. To fulfill the near ground flying as well as to enhance the penetration ability of the aircrafts, a control strategy is presented. Firstly, a type of digital elevation model is introduced. Secondly, the outline of the digital elevation model is described by choosing the characteristic points. Thirdly, the safe distances of the sensors are considered. Finally, by applying the aircraft's pitch angle and the altitude as reference tracking commands, a tracking controller based on LQR method with integral augmentation is designed. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this controller.
Colorimetric Peroxidase Mimetic Assay for Uranyl Detection in Sea Water (2015)

Uranyl (UO2(2+)) is a form of uranium in aqueous solution that represents the greatest risk to human health because of its bioavailability. Different sensing techniques have been used with very sensitive detection limits especially the recently reported uranyl-specific DNAzymes systems. However, to the best of our knowledge, few efficient detection methods have been reported for uranyl sensing in seawater. Herein, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are employed in an efficient spectroscopic method to detect uranyl ion (UO2(2+)) with a detection limit of 1.86 μM. In the absence of UO2(2+), the BSA-stabilized AuNCs (BSA-AuNCs) showed an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. In the presence of UO2(2+), this activity can be efficiently restrained. The preliminary quenching mechanism and selectivity of UO2(2+) was also investigated and compared with other ions. This design strategy could be useful in understanding the binding affinity of protein-stabilized AuNCs to UO2(2+) and consequently prompt the recycling of UO2(2+) from seawater.
Class Impression for Data-free Incremental Learning (2022)

Standard deep learning-based classification approaches require collecting all samples from all classes in advance and are trained offline. This paradigm may not be practical in real-world clinical applications, where new classes are incrementally introduced through the addition of new data. Class incremental learning is a strategy allowing learning from such data. However, a major challenge is catastrophic forgetting, i.e., performance degradation on previous classes when adapting a trained model to new data. Prior methodologies to alleviate this challenge save a portion of training data require perpetual storage of such data that may introduce privacy issues. Here, we propose a novel data-free class incremental learning framework that first synthesizes data from the model trained on previous classes to generate a \ours. Subsequently, it updates the model by combining the synthesized data with new class data. Furthermore, we incorporate a cosine normalized Cross-entropy loss to mitigate the adverse effects of the imbalance, a margin loss to increase separation among previous classes and new ones, and an intra-domain contrastive loss to generalize the model trained on the synthesized data to real data. We compare our proposed framework with state-of-the-art methods in class incremental learning, where we demonstrate improvement in accuracy for the classification of 11,062 echocardiography cine series of patients.
Feature selection and chromosome classification using a multilayer perceptron neural network (1994)

Two feature selection techniques and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network (NN) have been used in this study for human chromosome classification. The first technique is the "knock-out" algorithm and the second is the principal component analysis (PCA). The "knock-out" algorithm emphasized the significance of the centrometric index and of the chromosome length, as features in chromosome classification. The PCA technique demonstrated the importance of retaining most of the image information whenever small training sets are used. However, the use of large training sets enables considerable data compression. Both techniques yield the benefit of using only about 70% of the available features to get almost the ultimate classification performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rigorous three-dimensional time-domain finite-difference electromagnetic simulation (1994)

This thesis describes the latest embodiment of a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation program called TEMPEST which is implemented on the connection machines CM-2 and CM-5, and is used to predict and study technology trade-offs of interest in photolithography. Highlights of the new algorithm include generalization to three-dimensional calculation, analysis of dispersive materials, an efficient absorbing boundary condition, oblique incidence, and image synthesis based on Hopkins' formulation.
The finite propagation speed of electromagnetic waves makes the time-domain finite-difference approach a natural choice for implementation on parallel computer architectures. This thesis addresses algorithmic issues including the accuracy and stability of the numerical scheme, and numerical boundary conditions. The conventional time-domain finite-difference scheme is second order accurate and requires 15 simulation nodes per wavelength to achieve a 2% accuracy. Stability of the scheme depends on the ratio between the spatial and temporal discretizations. Analogous to previous work in plasma physics, instability of the algorithm due to highly dispersive materials has been alleviated by calculating explicitly the time-domain convolution relation between the electric field and the electric displacement. A novel boundary condition derived from the harmonic nature of electromagnetic waves is used to bound the simulation domain with minimal artificial reflection.
Implementation of a software package which caters to user convenience in data processing and remote use of the connection machine is also included. A link between TEMPEST and the optical image simulation program SPLAT allows the study of the interaction among mask topography effects, partial coherence effects, and lens aberrations.
Validation of TEMPEST via experimental comparison and the usefulness of the program in predicting and assessing complex technological issues in photolithography are presented. In particular, TEMPEST is used to predict important effects such as glass edge scattering in phase-shifting masks and resonance in dielectric ridges. These predictions have been subsequently confirmed experimentally. Transmission loss and polarization effects in small contact holes are characterized as a function of the feature size. TEMPEST is also shown to be well-suited for analyzing three-dimensional effects of reflection from underlying topography during photoresist exposure which can cause variations in the critical dimensions of the features being formed.
Geographic variation in human papillomavirus–related oropharyngeal cancer: Data from 4 multinational randomized trials (2016)

This is the first study to establish geographic variability as an independent risk factor in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer prevalence, with higher prevalence in Western Europe. © 2016 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1863-E1869, 2016.
Ultraviolet hyperspectral interferometric microscopy (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Ultraviolet hyperspectral interferometric (UHI) microscopy is a novel molecular imaging technique that retrieves wideband, high-resolution spectral information of the wavelength-dependent real part of the refractive index (i.e., dispersion), and the total attenuation coefficient of biological samples in the deep-ultraviolet (UV) spectral region. This method enables highly sensitive, label-free molecular imaging with sensitivity to various dispersion-causing and absorptive biomolecules that play an important role in diseases, including cancer. UHI also provides insight into structure of biological samples by yielding quantitative phase maps with subcellular spatial resolution and nanometer-scaled sensitivity. In this work, we give a detailed description of the UHI system, signal processing methods, and demonstrate its ability to quantify the dispersive and absorptive properties of biological samples in the deep-UV spectral region (240-450 nm). We will show dispersion, absorption, and quantitative phase data from red blood cells, as well as nucleated cells (e.g., granulocytes). We will also assess the deep-UV dispersion and absorptive properties of important biomolecules (e.g., DNA, RNA, NADH, FAD, collagen, cytochrome C, and hemoglobin). Finally, we will discuss potential biomedical applications, including identification of various blood abnormalities and imaging of histology slides for cancer detection and staging.
Abalone Collagen Extracts Potentiate Stem Cell Properties of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (2019)

Stem cell activities in human tissues are critical for tissue integrity and function. Maintaining keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) stemness helps sustain healthy skin by supporting keratinocyte renewal, involving the formation of epidermal barriers. In this study, abalone collagen (AC) extracts with molecular weights of 3 kDa (AC 1) and 300 kDa (AC 2) were compared to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) for their effects on cell proliferation, cell migration (wound healing), spheroid formation, and the expression level of stem cell markers on human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cell proliferation was quantified by ATP and DNA content analysis and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. Cell migration assay was determined using the scratch wound healing test. Spheroid formation was evaluated and the expression level of stem cell markers was investigated by western blot analysis. The results showed that AC 1 at the concentration of 100 µg/mL could stimulate HaCaT cell proliferation, migration, spheroid formation, and the expression level of stem cell markers (keratin 19, β-catenin, ALDH1A1) compared to the control. In conclusion, a smaller molecular weight of abalone collagen extract exhibits a better effect on keratinocytes proliferation, migration, and stemness, which could be a potential active ingredient in cosmeceutical products.
Automatic synthesis of both the topology and parameters for a robust controller for a nonminimal phase plant and a three-lag plant by means of genetic programming (1999)

This paper describes how genetic programming can be used to automate the synthesis of the design of both the topology and parameter values for controllers. The method described in this paper automatically makes decisions concerning the total number of processing blocks to be employed in the controller, the type of each block, the topological interconnections between the blocks, the values of all parameters for the blocks, and the existence, if any, of internal feedback between the blocks of the overall controller. This design process can readily combine optimization of performance (e.g., by a metric such as the integral of the time-weighted error) with time-domain constraints and frequency-domain constraints. Genetic programming is applied to two illustrative problems of controller synthesis: the design of a robust controller for a nonminimal-phase plant and the design of a robust controller for a three-lag plant. The PID compensator of Astrom and Hagglund (1995) for the three-lag plant delivers credible performance. The automatically created controller is better than 7.2 times as effective as the previous controller as measured by the integral of the time-weighted absolute error, has only 50% of the rise time in response to the reference input, has only 35% of the settling time, and is 92.7 dB better in terms of suppressing the effects of disturbance at the plant input.
SPROUTING CAPACITY OF UNDERGROUND LATERAL BUDS OF RHIZOMATEOUS PERENNIAL WEEDS VARY WITH SEASON (2010)

SPROUTING CAPACITY OF UNDERGROUND LATERAL BUDS OF RHIZOMATEOUS PERENNIAL WEEDS VARY WITH SEASON