gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiferromagnetism and other magnetic order (2001)

Negative exchange J < 0 leads to magnetic order that depends on lattice topology. Structures with more than one magnetic sublattice include antiferromagnets and ferrimagnets. An antiferromagnet has two equal but oppositely directed sublattices, where the sublattice magnetization disappears above the Néel point TN. Two unequal oppositely directed magnetic lattices constitute a ferrimagnet. The molecular field theory is extended to cover these cases. A wealth of more complex noncollinear magnetic structures exist. The subtle effects of a noncrystalline structure are manifest in amorphous magnets, where spins sometimes freeze in random orientations. Magnetic model systems highlight the influence of some particular feature on collective magnetic order, such as reduced space or spin dimensionality, a particular distribution of exchange interactions, special topology or lack of crystal structure. Examples include the two-dimensional Ising model, frustrated antiferromagnets and canonical spin glasses.
Methods for exploring genomic data sets : application to human endogenous retroviruses (2007)

In this thesis exploratory data analysis methods have been developed for analyzing genomic data, in particular human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) sequences and gene expression data. HERVs are remains of ancient retrovirus infections and now reside within the human genome. Little is known about their functions. However, HERVs have been implicated in some diseases. This thesis provides methods for analyzing the properties and expression patterns of HERVs.\n\nNowadays the genomic data sets are so large that sophisticated data analysis methods are needed in order to uncover interesting structures in the data. The purpose of exploratory methods is to help in generating hypotheses about the properties of the data. For example, by grouping together genes behaving similarly, and hence presumably having similar function, a new function can be suggested for previously uncharacterized genes. The hypotheses generated by exploratory data analysis can be verified later in more detailed studies. In contrast, a detailed analysis of all the genes of an organism would be too time consuming and expensive.\n\nIn this thesis self-organizing map (SOM) based exploratory data analysis approaches for visualization and grouping of gene expression profiles and HERV sequences are presented. The SOM-based analysis is complemented with estimates on reliability of the SOM visualization display. New measures are developed for estimating the relative reliability of different parts of the visualization. Furthermore, methods for assessing the reliability of groups of samples manually extracted from a visualization display are introduced.\n\nFinally, a new computational method is developed for a specific problem in HERV biology. Activities of individual HERV sequences are estimated from a database of expressed sequence tags using a hidden Markov mixture model. The model is used to analyze the activity patterns of HERVs.
Interpretation of the Phébus FPT0 and FPT1 Circuit Results Using the SOPHAEROS/ASTEC V1 Module (2010)

Phébus FP tests study the phenomenology of severe accidents in water-cooled nuclear reactors. The first test, FPT0, was performed with fuel irradiated for only 1 week; the second test, FPT1, was performed with fairly similar boundary conditions but with irradiated fuel (burnup: 23 GWd/t). The objective of this work is, on the one hand, to summarize the main experimental results of these two tests concerning the behavior and transport of fission products and structural materials in the circuit and, on the other hand, to identify or to confirm any modeling weaknesses in the SOPHAEROS/ASTEC V1 module used for interpreting the experimental results. Besides comparison with available experimental data, the main results of the entire circuit analyses are compared with former SOPHAEROS/ASTEC V0 analyses and, for so-called quasi-separated steam generator tubes, with one- and two-dimensional Eulerian and Lagrangian (particle tracking) models.Concerning the transport of iodine vapor species, it is shown that the results obtained are compatible with passage of nonnegligible amounts of the measured highly volatile iodine through circuit to containment. It is also shown that these results depend heavily on the considered kinetics of Cd release from the bundle.
Development of a Mouse Model of Leptomeningeal Metastasis (P7.014) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Design an interrogable mouse model of leptomeningeal metastasis reproducing key features of the human disease. BACKGROUND: Leptomeningeal metastasis represents a rare but fatal outcome of disseminated cancer. Although much has been learned through observational studies, retrospective analyses and case reports, understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this complication has been hampered by lack of a mouse model. METHODS: Human and mouse cancer cell lines were subjected to multiple rounds of in vivo selection as follows: After direct injection into the cisterna magna, the cells were allowed to grow in the leptomeningeal space. Growth was monitored with bioluminescent imaging as mice were monitored for morbidity and mortality. Cancer cells were collected from the basilar meninges and thecal sac. Cancer cells were subjected to three rounds of injection into the cisterna magna. These triple-selected cells were then injected intracardially, and mice were monitored for development of leptomeningeal metastases. This pattern of metastasis was compared with previously selected brain metastatic derivatives by bioluminescent imaging and histopathology. RESULTS: After three rounds of leptomeningeal selection, hematogenously disseminated cancer cells consistently seed the leptomeningeal space, and do not form metastases in the brain parenchyma. In contrast, previously characterized brain metastatic cell lines create parenchymal metastases, and occasionally also result in leptomeingeal metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The models faithfully replicate many clinical and histopathological aspects of the human disease.
&lt;p&gt;The Impact of Age on the Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis&lt;/p&gt; (2020)

Analysis of the four studies indicated that symptom improvements for adults and older adults were significant from baseline, and no statistically significant difference was observed between the two age groups. These results illustrate that <i>mild</i> can be an effective treatment for LSS due primarily to HLF, regardless of the adult patient age.
Analysis of Manufacturing-Induced Defects and Structural Deformations in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Computed Tomography (2018)

Premature battery drain, swelling and fires/explosions in lithium-ion batteries have caused wide-scale customer concerns, product recalls, and huge financial losses in a wide range of products including smartphones, laptops, e-cigarettes, hoverboards, cars, and commercial aircraft. Most of these problems are caused by defects which are difficult to detect using conventional nondestructive electrical methods and disassembly-based destructive analysis. This paper develops an effective computed tomography (CT)-based nondestructive approach to assess battery quality and identify manufacturing-induced defects and structural deformations in batteries. Several unique case studies from commercial e-cigarette and smartphone applications are presented to show where CT analysis methods work.
The use of pulsed force mode atomic force microscopy to study the human mesenchymal stem cells (2020)

The use of pulsed force mode atomic force microscopy to study the human mesenchymal stem cells / L. V. Kukharenko [и др.] // Физико-химическая биология как основа современной медицины : тез. докл. участников Респ. конф. с междунар. участием, посвящ. 80-летию со дня рождения Т. С. Морозкиной, Минск, 29 мая 2020 г. / под ред. А. Д. Тагановича, В. В. Хрусталёва, Т. А. Хрусталёвой. – Минск : БГМУ, 2020. – С. 85-86.
Accounting for Classical Hardware in the Control of Quantum Devices (2014)

High fidelity coherent control of quantum systems is critical to building quantum devices and quantum computers. We provide a general optimal control framework for designing control sequences that account for hardware control distortions while maintaining robustness to environmental noise. We demonstrate the utility of our algorithm by presenting examples of robust quantum gates optimized in the presence of nonlinear distortions. We show that nonlinear classical controllers do not necessarily incur additional computational cost to pulse optimization, enabling more powerful quantum devices.
HMIP Security Association (2006)

This document describes a mechanism to dynamically generate a security
association between the mobile node and the mobility anchor point to
secure the HMIPv6 protocol messages. The mechanism relies on
generating a local security association based on the network access
authentication.
Progression in Keratoconus (2016)

ABSTRACT The study of keratoconus progression was once based upon slitlamp study, keratometry, and placido disk image examination. Today we have a lot of new corneal devices and indexes wich can help the ophthalmologist to make earlier the diagnosis and also to recognize as much is possible a progressive keratoconus. Only a deep knowledge of the meaning of all these indexes and values, together with the ability to interlock one another, increases reliability in the evaluation of Corneal Ectasia. Some pratical instructions are provided to help the early diagnosis of progressive Keratoconus. How to cite this article Vinciguerra P, Piscopo R, Camesasca F, Vinciguerra R. Progression in Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):21-31.
Performance Enhancement in Distributed Sensor Localization Using Swarm Intelligence (2012)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of distributed autonomous devices which sense the environmental or physical conditions cooperatively and pass the information through the network to a base station. Sensor Localization is a fundamental challenge in WSN. Location information of the node is critically important to detect an event or to route the packet via the network. In this paper localization is modeled as a multi dimensional optimization problem. This problem is solved using bio inspired algorithms, because of their quick convergence to quality solutions. Distributive localization is addressed using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (CLPSO). The performances of both algorithms are studied. The accuracy of both algorithms is analyzed using parameters such as number of nodes localized, computational time and localization error. Comparison of both the results is presented. A simulation was conducted for 100 target nodes and 20 beacon nodes, which resulted in CLPSO being 80.478% accurate, and PSO 61.48% accurate. The simulation results show that the PSO based localization is faster and CLPSO is more accurate.
Compact interferometer for micro-optic performance and shape characterization (2003)

We have focused on measurement needs for micro-refractive lenses and have developed a flexible and compact micro-interferometer that can be used to measure lens radius of curvature and form errors. Transmitted wavefront and back focal length measurements can be easily added to the instrument. This instrument addresses measurement needs for micro refractive lenses. The interferometer is based on a Mitutoyo metallurgical microscope and operates with a 633 nm helium neon source. The radius of curvature measurement is directly traceable, meaning an external artifact is not required for calibration. This requires a careful mechanical design, a detailed alignment procedure with estimates of alignment uncertainties, and stage error motion characterization with estimates of uncertainties. The instrument can also be used to measure some diffractive components and mold form errors. We describe the instrument in this paper and discuss design goals and measurement specifications.
Neoadjuvant trastuzumab in locally advanced breast cancer (NOAH): Antitumour and safety analysis (2007)

532 Background: NOAH (NeOAdjuvant Herceptin) is a Phase III trial of neoadjuvant trastuzumab; H) in combination with chemotherapy in patients (pts) with HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Methods: 228 pts with centrally confirmed HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or FISH+) LABC received 3 cycles of doxorubicin-paclitaxel (AT: A 60 mg/m 2 , T 150 mg/m 2 q3w), 4 cycles of T (175 mg/m 2 q3w) and 3 cycles of cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (CMF: C 600 mg/m 2 , M 40 mg/m 2 , F 600 mg/m 2 q4w) on days 1 and 8, with (n=115) or without (n=113) concomitant H (8 mg/kg loading dose then 6 mg/kg q3w for 1 year) before surgery. Pts with HER2- negative disease (IHC 0/1+; n=99) were treated in parallel with AT/T/CMF. The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS); secondary end points included overall response rate (ORR), pathological complete response (pCR) rate and safety. Results: Baseline characteristics were well balanced for randomised pts. Median tumour size was 5.5 cm (range 1.5–20.0). Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) was present in 40% of HER2-positive vs 14% of HER2-negative tumours, while 35% vs 65%, respectively, were hormone receptor positive. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline was similar in all 3 groups. Adding H to AT/T/CMF improved ORR (81% vs 73%; p=0.18) and significantly increased pCR rate (43% vs 23%; p=0.002). This response pattern was also seen in IBC pts. ORR (66%) and pCR rate (17%) for pts with HER2-negative disease were similar to pt responses in the HER2-positive group who did not receive H. The most common serious adverse event was febrile neutropenia (8% with H vs 4% without). Only 11% of pts receiving H had absolute LVEF decreases of =10% and 1 pt treated with H experienced a cardiac event with an LVEF value of &lt;45%. One pt with HER2-negative disease died after surgery due to pulmonary embolism. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant H plus AT/CMF-containing chemotherapy significantly improved the pCR rate of LABC vs chemotherapy alone. Treatment was well tolerated with acceptable cardiac safety. Follow-up is ongoing and EFS is maturing. [Table: see text]
MO‐G‐18C‐04: Improved Synthetic 4D‐MRI Using Linear Polynomial Fitting Model (2014)

Purpose: To reduce deformable image registration error by fitting the displacement vector field (DVF) to smooth the motion trajectory of each pixel in synthetic 4D‐MRI. Methods: Five patients with cancers in the liver were enrolled in this study. For a 4D MR image data set, the DVF matrices relative to a specific reference phase were calculated using an in‐house deformable image registration based on b‐spline. The displacement trajectory of each voxel throughout the respiratory cycle was constituted by concatenating the corresponding displacement values from all DVF matrices. A linear polynomial fitting model was then used to fit the DVFs in three spatial and the temporal dimension, respectively. By warpping the source MR images using the remodeled DVFs, we synthesized MR images at selected phases. Tumor motion trajectories were derived from source 4DMRI, original synthetic images and improved synthetic images. These were analyzed in the superior‐inferior (SI), anterior‐posterior (AP), and mediallateral (ML) directions, respectively. Correlation coefficients (CC) and differences in motion amplitude (D) were calculated for comparison. Results: For all patients, tumor motion trajectories were strongly correlated between source 4D‐MRI images and improved synthetic 4D‐MRI (mean CC 0.98±0.01). Differences in motion amplitude were small (mean D 0.46±0.14 mm) in all directions. Correlation between source 4D‐MRI and original synthetic 4D‐MRI was slightly less strong (mean CC 0.97±0.01) and motion amplitude differences were slightly larger (0.55±0.19 mm). Conclusion: The feasibility of synthesizing T2w 4D‐MRI using remodeled DVFs has been investigated in this study. Preliminary results in oncologic patients demonstrated the potential of reducing inaccuracies in original synthetic 4DMRI caused by registration errors using the linear polynomial fitting model without much loss of respiratory motion information. NIH (1R21CA165384‐01A1), Golfers Against Cancer (GAC) Foundation, The China Scholarship Council (CSC)
Performance of Starved Journal Bearings With Oil Ring Lubrication (1985)

An experimental program documenting the performance of journal bearings for conditions ranging from full hydrodynamic lubrication to states of extreme lubricant starvation is described. The effects of an incomplete fluid film on the eccentricity locus, extent of film, average and maximum temperatures, flow, and power losses are given as a function of amount of lubricant available to the bearing. In particular, the performance of starved bearings with oil ring lubrication is experimentally correlated to enable the designer to predict not only oil delivery by the ring, but also the resultant performance of the bearing.
Effects of Maternal Nightshift Work on Evening Energy Intake, Diet Quality and Meal Timing in the Family: An Observational Study (2021)

The percentage of women working regular nightshift work has increased in the past decade. While nightshift work has the potential to exert adverse effects on dietary habits, little is known about the impact of a parent working nightshifts on dietary habits in the family. We analysed energy intake, meal timing, and diet quality among dependent children and male partners of 20 female UK National Health Service (NHS) nurses working rotational nightshifts. Comparing nightshift against non-nightshift conditions, we hypothesised that maternal nightshift work would affect the evening energy intake, diet quality and time of eating of dependent children and adult partners. Primary outcomes were absolute energy intake and the proportion of daily energy intake consumed in the evening (16:00-23:59 h). Our results show that in pre-teen children aged 8-12 years (<i>n</i> = 13, mean ± SD, 9.9 ± 1.6 yrs; 9 males), the proportion of total daily energy intake consumed during periods of nightshift work was significantly greater compared to periods of non-nightshifts (45.7% ± 8.8% vs. 39.7% ± 7.0%, mean ± SD, <i>p</i> = 0.012). There was no effect of nightshift work on dietary habits in teenage children or partners. The finding of a greater proportion of daily energy consumed in the evening period in pre-teen children is noteworthy, as it suggests that pre-teen children more dependent than older teenage children may be more vulnerable to disruptions to dietary patterns associated with maternal nightshift work.
Evidence-based guideline update: Intraoperative spinal monitoring with somatosensory and transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (2012)

consolidated the best evidence available on the use of evoked potentials during spinal operations. However, focusing on the value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) alerts in predicting postoperative motor deficits does not offer new answers to the question "Why use IOM?" The guideline authors agree with the results of a review 2 that supported IOM as a predictive diagnostic tool with a high level of evidence. Prediction alone is insufficient to warrant use of IOM especially when actual outcomes will be revealed almost immediately following the surgery. Also, short-term prediction is insufficient to justify the costs of the specialized equipment, technicians, and professional oversight necessary for proper IOM performance. The evidence for IOM to alter outcomes is weak with only one nonrandomized study 3 showing a 52% rate of preventing neurologic deficits from acting on IOM alerts. In the absence of randomized controlled trials, outcomes research from large observational datasets may clarify the utility of IOM as cost-effectiveness becomes a greater factor in medical decision-making.
O-215 Necrotizing Enterocolitis Is Associated With Hippocampal Neuron Loss, Microglial Activation And Increased Il-8 Levels In Preterm Pigs (2014)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Preterm birth predisposes to neurological sequelae. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) may further increase the susceptibility to neurological damage, possibly via gut-derived inflammatory signals. To investigate this, we test if NEC severity and intestinal permeability in formula-fed preterm pigs is associated with histopathology, microglial activation, and increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty-four preterm piglets were fed increasing doses of formula and euthanized on day five. Macroscopic NEC lesions were scored in five regions of the gut (stomach, proximal, middle, and distal small intestine, colon). Intestinal permeability was assessed by urinary lactulose-mannitol-ratio. Hippocampal IL-1β and IL-8 levels were determined by ELISA. Histopathology, neurodegeneration, and microglia were investigated by analyses of hematoxylin-eosin, Fluoro-jade B (FJB), and Iba-1 stained coronal sections, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> Proximal, middle, and distal small intestinal NEC score, and intestinal permeability correlated positively with IL-8 levels (all p &lt; 0.05) but not with IL-1β. In preterm piglets with severe NEC lesions, numerous shrunken, hyperchromatic neurons were observed. Neurodegeneration was confirmed by positive FJB staining. Iba-1 positive cells with a morphology resembling activated microglia populated the area in which neurons had disappeared. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Acute development of NEC is associated with neuron loss, microglial activation, and increased IL-8 levels in the hippocampus of preterm pigs. Gut inflammatory disorders and increased intestinal permeability may affect the immature brain and contribute to long term neurological disorders.
ESD damage and solutions in tape head manufacturing (2007)

Magnetic tape heads use a multiplicity of highly ESD sensitive read sensors. With 36 or more sensors per head in a magnetic storage tape drive, a loss in a manufacturing environment of 1000 ppm per sensor is very costly. ESD damages caused by manufacturing processes, fixtures, material and faulty testers are investigated and reviewed. A new type of ESD failure is revealed in the study. Solutions are suggested to improve and amend the observed problems.