gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond Ussing's chambers: contemporary thoughts on integration of transepithelial transport (2015)

In the mid-20th century, Hans Ussing developed a chamber that allowed for the simultaneous measurement of current and labeled probe flux across epithelia. Using frog skin as a model, Ussing used his results to propose mechanisms of transcellular Na(+) and K(+) transport across apical (exterior/luminal) and basolateral (interior) membranes that is essentially unchanged today. Others took advantage of Ussing's chambers to study mucosal tissues, including bladder and intestines. It quickly became clear that, in some tissues, passive paracellular flux, i.e., across the tight junction, was an important component of overall transepithelial transport. Subsequent work demonstrated that activation of the apical Na(+)-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 regulated paracellular permeability such that intestinal paracellular transport could coordinate with and amplify transcellular transport. Intermediates in this process include activation of p38 MAPK, the apical Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3, and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Investigators then focused on these processes in disease. They found that TNF induces barrier dysfunction via MLCK activation and downstream caveolin-1-dependent endocytosis of the tight junction protein occludin. TNF also inhibited NHE3, and both barrier loss and PKCα-dependent NHE3 inhibition were required for TNF-induced acute diarrhea, emphasizing the interplay between transcellular and paracellular transport. Finally, studies using immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease models showed that mice lacking epithelial MLCK were initially protected, but became ill as epithelial damage progressed and provided a tight junction-independent means of barrier loss. None of these advances would have been possible without the insights provided by Ussing and others using Ussing's ingenious, and still useful, chambers.
The Role of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Cascade in Glucose Upregulation of Insulin Gene Expression (2004)

A number of factors have been reported to affect insulin synthesis in β-cells. Although glucose is the most important regulator of insulin gene expression in pancreatic β-cells, the mechanisms whereby glucose stimulates insulin gene transcription in response to changes in glucose concentration have not been clarified yet. In this study, we examined the role of the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaM-K) cascade in transcriptional activation of insulin. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining analysis revealed that CaM-K kinase-α (CaM-KKα) and CaM-KIV were localized in rat pancreatic β-cells and their cell line, INS-1. Exposure of INS-1 cells to 11.2 mmol/l glucose elicited an increase of insulin promoter activity as well as upregulation of CaM-KIV activity within 2 min after stimulation. We investigated the influence on insulin promoter activity of the constitutively active form (CaM-KIVc) or dominant-negative mutant (CaM-KIVdn) of CaM-KIV in transfected INS-1 cells. CaM-KIVc alone was sufficient, and the upstream kinase, CaM-KK, was enhanced to upregulate the insulin promoter activity in INS-1 cells. Furthermore, cotransfection of CaM-KIVdn suppressed to a significant degree the glucose-upregulated activity of the insulin promoter. Taken together, these results indicated that the CaM-KK/CaM-KIV cascade might play an important role in glucose-upregulated transcriptional activation of the insulin gene.
Measurement and Modeling of Low-Altitude Air-Ground Channels in Two Frequency Bands (2022)

The use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has grown dramatically in recent years, and this growth is expected to continue. For safe operation, accurate knowledge of the air-ground wireless channels that such vehicles incur for communication is critical. Over the past few months, we have worked on a project under the University of South Carolina&#x2019;s Wireless Science and Engineering Lab (WiSEL). Supported by the University of South Carolina&#x2019;s Office of Undergraduate Research&#x2019;s Magellan Program, as well as the Honors College, we have been working on a project entitled Measurement and Modeling of Low-Altitude Air-Ground Channels in Two Frequency Bands. In this paper, we quantify some of the key characteristics of air-to-ground wireless channels for low-altitude UAS, extending other recent work of the WiSEL that has been supported by NASA. In this paper, we report on the five tasks of this project. First, we review the state of research in channel modeling for low altitude UAS, and the implications this field of research has in the future development of UAS. We then describe the transmission and reception scheme we have developed with software-defined radios utilizing relatively wideband chirp signals for use in the L-Band (1-2 GHz) and C-Band (4-8 GHz). Our third task is the laboratory functional testing before the key fourth task of actual flight tests with a small UAS (i.e., drone) in near-urban environments. Our air-ground channel model development follows the collection of flight test data. In this paper, results from the series of lab and flight tests will be presented. The paper will also summarize the impact of this undergraduate research, as well as future directions.
Wideband bandpass filter using open stub loaded square ring (2015)

A wideband bandpass filter under multiple resonances of stepped impedance ring resonator is proposed in this letter. The classical even- and odd-mode method is used to analyze the characteristics of the proposed resonator. It is observed that the proposed filter can operate at a wideband. For demonstration, a filter with central frequency at 2 GHz and 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 96.7% is designed and fabricated. The experiments have good agreement with simulation.
A Machine Hearing System for Binaural Sound Localization based on Instantaneous Correlation (2018)

We propose a biologically inspired binaural sound localization system for reverberant environments. It uses two 100-channel cochlear models to analyze binaural signals, and each channel of the left cochlea is compared with each channel of the right cochlea in parallel to generate a 2-D instantaneous correlation matrix (correlogram). The correlogram encodes both binaural cues and spectral information in a unified framework. A sound onset detector is used to generate the correlogram only during the sound onsets, and the onset correlogram is analyzed using a linear regression approach as well as an extreme learning machine (ELM). The proposed system is evaluated using experimental data in reverberation environments, and we obtained an average absolute error of 16.5° for linear regression and 12.8° for ELM regression in the -90° to 90° range.
Three-dimensionally-printed anthropomorphic physical phantom for mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis with custom materials, lesions, and uniform quality control region (2019)

Anthropomorphic breast phantoms mimic patient anatomy in order to evaluate clinical mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis system performance. Our goal is to create a modular phantom with an anthropomorphic region to allow for improved lesion and calcification detection as well as a uniform region to evaluate standard quality control (QC) metrics. Previous versions of this phantom used commercial photopolymer inkjet three-dimensional printers to recreate breast anatomy using four surfaces that were fabricated with commercial materials spanning only a limited breast density range of 36% to 64%. We use modified printers to create voxelized, dithered breast phantoms with continuous gradations between glandular and adipose tissues. Moreover, the new phantom replicates the low-end density (representing adipose tissue) using third party material, Jf Flexible, and increases the high-end density to the density of glandular tissue and beyond by either doping Jf Flexible with salts and nanoparticles or using a new commercial resin, VeroPureWhite. An insert design is utilized to add masses, calcifications, and iodinated objects into the phantom for increased utility. The uniform chest wall region provides a space for traditional QC objects such as line pair patterns for measuring resolution and scale bars for measuring printer linearity. Incorporating these distinct design modules enables us to create an improved, complete breast phantom to better evaluate clinical mammography systems for lesion and calcification detection and standard QC performance evaluation.
Proactive car navigation (2019)

Conventional car navigation systems that require manual input of a user's destination are not frequently used for familiar routes such as daily commutes and regular shopping. In this paper, we propose and realize proactive car navigation, which integrates daily destination prediction system to car navigation system in order to eliminate input by user by displaying information related to destinations automatically. By questionnaire-based evaluation, we found that proactive car navigation innovates a user's driving experiences, and offers them various advantages, even for regularly frequented destinations.
Supplementary Fig. 5 from Disruption of the MYC Superenhancer Complex by Dual Targeting of FLT3 and LSD1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;STAT5 and MYC play a key role in the response to FLT3/LSD1 inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;
Data from Predicting the Grade of Dysplasia of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms Using Cyst Fluid DNA Methylation Markers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Pancreatic cysts are common and pose diagnostic and management challenges. Pancreatic cyst fluid markers have the potential to aid in the management of cysts with concerning imaging findings. Our aim was to evaluate cyst fluid methylated DNA markers for their accuracy for predicting the histologic grade of neoplastic pancreatic cysts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Pancreatic cyst fluid samples from 183 patients (29 discovery and 154 validation) aspirated after surgical resection were analyzed for methylated DNA at selected genes (&lt;i&gt;SOX17, BNIP3, FOXE1, PTCHD2, SLIT2, EYA4&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;SFRP1&lt;/i&gt;) using methylation-specific droplet-digital PCR (dd-QMSP). Methylated DNA levels were evaluated for their accuracy at predicting the grade of dysplasia of the pancreatic cyst.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; All six markers evaluated in the validation set could accurately distinguish high-risk cystic neoplasms (with high-grade dysplasia and/or associated invasive cancer) from low-risk cysts (lower grades of dysplasia) with accuracies from 79.8% to 83.6%. Methylated &lt;i&gt;SOX17&lt;/i&gt; had the highest overall accuracy as a single marker (sensitivity, 78.4%; specificity, 85.6%; accuracy 83.6%, cutoff; 25 methylated DNA molecules/μL cyst fluid). The best four-gene combination had 84.3% sensitivity, 89.4% specificity, and 88.0% accuracy at distinguishing cysts with high-grade dysplasia and/or invasive cancer from those without. All six markers were independent predictors of having invasive cancer/high-grade dysplasia after adjusting for clinical/imaging factors known to be associated with grade of dysplasia. The combination of methylated &lt;i&gt;SOX17&lt;/i&gt; with cytology better predicted neoplastic grade than cytology alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; A panel of methylated gene markers quantified by dd-QMSP can be used to predict the grade of dysplasia of pancreatic cysts. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3935–44. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Metal-Centered Photoluminescence as a Tool for Detecting Phase Transitions in Eu<sup>III</sup>- and Tb<sup>III</sup>-Containing Metallomesogens (2004)

The non-mesogenic ligand L1, derived from a 1,7-diaza-18-crown ether, forms mesogenic complexes with EuIII and TbIII nitrates, Eu(NO3)3L1·0.25 H2O (EuL1) and Tb(NO3)3L1·1 THF (TbL1). Thermal analyses and polarized light microscopy data indicate the formation of a liquid-crystalline phase at 86 (Eu) and 81 °C (Tb), while isotropization occurs around 198−200 °C, immediately followed by decomposition. In the case of EuIII, the mesogenic phase is unambiguously identified as being a hexagonal columnar mesophase by SAXD. According to a detailed luminescence study, the crystalline form of EuL1 features two different metal ion environments: (i) a C2-symmetrical site without coordinated water molecule (population: 79 ± 6%) and (ii) a low-symmetry site with one water molecule coordinated onto the metal ion (population: 21 ± 6%). For EuL1, the variation of both the relative intensity of the 5D0→7F2 transition, ln(IT/I295), and of the Eu(5D0) lifetime, ln(τT/τ295), over the Cr−Colh transition have a S-shape dependence versus 1/T, allowing a precise determination of the transition temperature. In the case of the luminescence intensity, corrections for the expected decrease versus increasing temperature (determined on a reference compound EuL2 with L2 devoid of mesogenic side chains) and for the refractive index change over the transition still leave a sigmoid dependence, pointing to a genuine effect generated by the phase transition. Consequently, luminescence intensity and lifetime switching can be used to signal Cr−LC transitions in Eu-containing mesogenic compounds. A similar effect is observed for TbL1, as far as the intensity of the 5D4→7F5 transition is concerned.
Optimizing The Hot-Press Procedure Of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells For Adhesion Strength And Conductivity (2022)

As society considers alternatives to energy systems based on fossil fuel combustion, high-temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells may play an important role in our future energy and transportation portfolio. When compared to low-temperature proton exchange membrane (LT-PEM) fuel cells, HT-PEM technology offers enhanced electrode kinetics, simplified water management, and most notably increased tolerance to fuel impurities such as carbon monoxide. However, compared to more conventional LT-PEM systems, less is known about the durability, performance, and fabrication of HT-PEM materials. Comprised of multiple layers, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is a fuel cell’s central component. In a fabrication process similar to LT-PEM MEAs, the proton-conducting membrane, electrodes, gas diffusion layers and sub gaskets are usually hot-pressed together. The parameters surrounding the hot-pressing operation can have a significant impact on the ultimate performance of the fuel cell, in addition to influencing process reliability and repeatability. In the current research, measurements of MEA thickness, impedance, and adhesion strength were obtained for samples over a range of conditions to optimize for the most suitable processing parameters. Testing in this study quantified the effects of hot-press time, temperature and pressure, within ranges of 1-10 minutes, 140 – 200 o C, and 7.72 – 92.67 MPa (1120 - 13440 psi), respectively. After hot pressing, the MEA samples were tested for resistance with a 1260a Solartron impedance gain phase analyzer in tandem with a Solartron Ametek 12962a sample holder, and with a Scott internal bond tester for adhesion strength. Based on the results of these tests the optimal hot-press parameters were established, four 25 cm 2 MEA were built and tested for performance with post-mortem analysis conducted utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). These measurements enabled interrogation of potential sources of conductivity loss associated with material layer delamination and/or dehydration of phosphoric acid in the polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane. In this case, all tests were conducted at 140 o C and the resulting material assembly was allowed to cool to room temperature in a nitrogen glove box prior to executing conductivity measurements (i.e., inverse of resistance). Our results have demonstrated that the optimal conditions for MEA hot-pressing for the HT-PEM system are around 170 o C and 23.1 MPa for 5 minutes. Each curve in Figure 1 represents the performance of in-house MEAs, prepared using the optimized hot-pressing condition, with variation of platinum-on-carbon content (Pt/C) and total Pt loading. The data presented in Figure 1 demonstrate the effect of varying electrode thickness on MEA performance. Figure 1
Simulations on laser ablation and its applications (2004)

Integrated laser ablation simulation code includes phase transition from liquid to neutral gas to partially ionized plasma, detail laser absorption processes, equation of state, hydrodynamics, and radiation transport, is developed to describe ablation phenomena with phase transition and properties of emission plasmas. For an application of this simulation code, we perform simulations on optimization of laser produced plasmas for extreme ultra violet (EUV) light sources. Because of very low laser intensities (from 1010 W/cm2 to 1011 W/cm2) compared with that in laser fusion cases, it is necessary to include phase transition effects into ablation radiation hydrodynamics code.
Improving reliability and safety of automotive electronics: research activities within the PROMETHEUS project (1993)

Microelectronics systems designed for automotive applications face an extremely hostile electrical and physical environment. Designers must produce increased component and system reliability while maintaining required compactness and cost effectiveness levels. Their designs become crucial to all as we devote more electronic systems to safety-critical applications. We summarizee the results of the European Prometheus PRO-CHIP research groups working on the reliability and fail-safe operation of microelectronic systems and devices.
Case Report: Vena Cava Filter Implantation to Prevent Lethal Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Deep Venous Thrombosis after Transfer of Acetabulum Operation. (2000)

We treated a patient who had been suffering from a wide range of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower right extremity after the right transfer of the acetabulum. The patient noticed swelling and pain in the lower right extremity two weeks after the operation. The defects of the contrast medium were seen between the right common iliac vein and calf venula when venography was performed. A slight wedgeshaped defect was also seen in the lower left lung when lung blood flow scintigram was performed. The patient was diagnosed as DVT with slight pulmonary embolism (PE). Immediately we routinely treated this patient with anticoagulant therapy that consists of intravenous heparin medication. In order to prevent lethal PE during the therapy, we implanted a percutaneous infra vena cava filter (IVC filter) capable of trapping large thrombus and inducing spontaneous fibrinolysis at this site. Furthermore, fibrinolytic therapy consisting of intravenous urokinase medication was added. During the therapy, swelling and pain of the lower right extremity improved with the decreasing in the serum D-dimer. The IVC filter seems to be useful for preventing acute lethal PE following a wide range of DVT after hip surgery. However, long term follow-up of this patient seems to be required.
Green Extraction of Artemisinin from <i>Artemisia annua</i> L (2015)

Artemisia annuais a source of artemisinin, the main precursor to antimalarial drugs against P. falciparummalaria, and it is one of the most studied plants. This chapter overviews the state of the art of artemisinin extraction and provides some insights into potential use of novel, clean extraction and purification technologies which are likely to improve the quality of the obtained molecule as well as improving robustness of the manufacturing process and its cost effectiveness and safety. Many cleaner approaches to extraction and purification of artemisinin compared to petroleum ether (PE) extraction have been suggested: microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction and extraction with tetrafluoroethane or ionic liquids. The stronghold of conventional PE-based extraction as the main commercial method for artemisinin production is due to sunk capital, lack of investment in new technologies, and the structure of the market, which is dominated by small companies with limited technical and financial capacity.
Effect of Coal Contaminants on Solid Oxide Fuel System Performance and Service Life (2008)

The U.S. Department of Energy's SECA program envisions the development of high-efficiency, low-emission, CO{sub 2} sequestration-ready, and fuel-flexible technology to produce electricity from fossil fuels. One such technology is the integrated gasification-solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) that produces electricity from the gas stream of a coal gasifier. SOFCs have high fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, environmental compatibility (low NO{sub x} production), and modularity. Naturally occurring coal has many impurities and some of these impurities end in the fuel gas stream either as a vapor or in the form of fine particulate matter. Establishing the tolerance limits of SOFCs for contaminants in the coal-derived gas will allow proper design of the fuel feed system that will not catastrophically damage the SOFC or allow long-term cumulative degradation. The anodes of Ni-cermet-based SOFCs are vulnerable to degradation in the presence of contaminants that are expected to be present in a coal-derived fuel gas stream. Whereas the effects of some contaminants such as H{sub 2}S, NH{sub 3} and HCl have been studied, the effects of other contaminants such as As, P, and Hg have not been ascertained. The primary objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of the performance of solid oxide fuel cells to trace level contaminants present in a coal-derived gas stream in the temperature range 700 to 900 C. The results were used to assess catastrophic damage risk and long-term cumulative effects of the trace contaminants on the lifetime expectancy of SOFC systems fed with coal-derived gas streams.
Use of a Modified Bell Tawse Procedure for Chronic Acquired Dislocation of the Radial Head (1998)

We retrospectively reviewed five patients with chronic acquired dislocation of the radial head, treated with open reduction and ligament reconstruction with a slip of the triceps tendon. Three of the cases were posttraumatic, one was a dislocation resulting from a mass-occupying lesion, and one case was caused by recurrent radial head subluxation occurring after an initial traumatic episode. An ulnar osteotomy was used in one case to allow reduction of the radial head. All patients had a good postoperative functional and radiographic outcome, without postoperative complications. In two cases, there was slight loss of motion in relation to the contralateral extremity. Reconstruction of the annular ligament by using a strip of the triceps fascia is a safe and effective treatment in the treatment of chronic acquired radial head dislocation.
Comparison of the parasitic impedances from the drain‐source path of power transistor packages at up to 2 GHz (2021)

Abstract In this article, we compare several concepts for gallium‐nitride (GaN) power high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) packages in terms of their drain‐to‐source parasitic inductance and resistance values. Unlike in previous studies, however, due to several fast transient use cases the investigated frequencies are extended to 2 GHz. Since the device's dimensions are already a significant fraction of the corresponding wavelength at 2 GHz, full wave simulation tools have been employed to more accurately assess the problem. The results reveal how the considered package concepts affect the overall parasitic device impedances and show a clear improvement of the parasitic impedance over each generation of package implementation. Furthermore, full wave analysis results are compared to method of moments results to emphasize the necessity of full wave simulations at these frequencies.