gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments on improving the compression of special data types (2002)

Summary form only given. This paper, reports on experiments with two data compression schemes. The first seeks to improve the fidelity of reconstructed images through the parallel application of lossless and lossy compression to disjoint fields of image pixels. The second experiment is based on the observation that many relational database records exhibit a strong locality behavior, i.e., consecutive characters (within the same attribute) tend to be of the same type (alphabets, digit, trailing blanks, successive zeros, etc.). Adaptive compression schemes may not be quick enough in capturing and adapting to the transition from one field to the next. These can be modified by splitting the original alphabet into two or more smaller alphabets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fertilization and early embryology: Ongoing pregnancies and birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with frozen—thawed epididymal spermatozoa (1995)

In seven patients who did not become pregnant following microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a subsequent ICSI was performed using previously cryopreserved super-numerary epididymal spermatozoa without re-operating on the husband. During the original MESA procedure a mean sperm concentration of 12.3 x 10(6)/ml was achieved. The supernumerary spermatozoa were cryopreserved for later use. After thawing frozen epididymal spermatozoa a mean concentration of 1.9 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml was obtained in straws containing a total volume of sperm suspension of 250 microliters. From 68 intact oocytes injected with frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa, a two pronuclear fertilization rate of 45% and a cleavage rate of 82% were obtained. A total of 17 embryos were replaced in the seven patients, resulting in two ongoing singleton pregnancies and one twin delivery. Six embryos were cryopreserved. In conclusion, it would appear mandatory to cryopreserve supernumerary spermatozoa during a MESA in order to avoid subsequent further scrotal surgery.
Dust Insensitive Single Mode Multi Fiber Connector with Expanded Beam (2019)

Multi-fiber connector with expanded beam has been developed by fusion splicing of GRIN lens and SMF fiber. This new connector reduced the increase in average insertion loss after dust test to 0.35 dB and made it possible to reduce the increase in average connection loss to 0.06 dB by air blow cleaning.
Electrostatic Evaluation of the SRB Velostat(Trademark) Pads (2007)

During RSRM Grain inspection, pads constructed of Velostat are grounded and installed in the RSRM bore enabling inspectors to move throughout the bore during the inspection. Velostat pads are installed by grounding the first pad installed and subsequent pads are installed overlapping the previously installed pad maintaining a conductive path to facility ground. Pads are removed upon completion of the inspection in a reverse fashion. As the pads are removed scanning of propellant surfaces is performed per OMRS. During PPICI Audit of B5308.006 (Forward Segment Grain Inspection) in October 07 one audit finding noted that electrostatic scanning of propellant surfaces was being performed during removal of conductive pads following grain inspection. ATK does not perform electrostatic scanning of propellant surfaces during pad removal following final inspection at the plant. The integrated team consisting of NASA SE, USA SE, USA QE, ATK LSS, ATK Systems Safety and ATK DE concurred that electrostatic scanning of propellant surfaces was unnecessary as the conductive pads are grounded. Additional time spent in bore performing scanning presents itself as additional risk. Technicians reported that they have never seen any voltage readings while scanning propellant surfaces during pad removal. USA Systems engineering has written KB 17530 in response to the finding which will delete the requirement (item 2 B47GEN.ll0) to scan propellant surfaces during pad removal. As a result of an E3 panel discussion on December 13, 2007, it was decided that verification of the electrical grounding of the Velostat pads be verified.
Innovating Medical Devices in the Midst of a Crisis: Lessons from an Intravenous Electronic Drop Counter in the 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak (2020)

This paper addresses the challenges associated with innovating in the midst of a crisis, especially in the area of healthcare and medical device development. A case study is presented that follows the progression of a commercialization stage prototype into a validated tool for use during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014-2016. An electronic drop counter was subjected to usability and environmental testing to adapt it for medication management in Ebola Treatment Units. The case study demonstrates the crucial role that relationships and partnerships play in transitioning technological innovations into clinical environments, how logistical challenges can be mitigated, and the importance of achieving alignment between clinical needs and subsequent technical and contextual validation that prioritizes patient safety and outcomes. As a result of years of work including and following the detailed case study, we conclude by suggesting generalized best-practices and lessons for adapting a technology to disaster preparedness or crisis situations.
Phosphate Precipitates and Water-Soluble Aggregates in Re-analyzed Solubility-pH Data of Twenty-five Basic Drugs (2014)

The purpose of the study was to assess the stoichiometries of phosphate precipitates and determine the intrinsic solubilities, S0, of 25 basic drugs from their published solubility-pH profiles in the landmark study of Bergström et al. (2004), where 0.15 M phosphate buffer media had been used. A secondary purpose of this study was to attempt to predict phosphate 1:1 and 2:1 solubility products, Ksp, from knowledge of S0. The published data have been re-analyzed using a novel solubility-pH analysis computer program, pDISOL‑XTM. The program internally derives implicit solubility equations, given a set of proposed equilibria and constants (which are then iteratively refined by weighted nonlinear regression), and does not require explicit Henderson-Hasselbalch equations. The data were tested for the presence of phosphate precipitates of various stoichiometries, as well as the simultaneous presence of aggregated species, either cationic or neutral. The presence of particular species was suggested by the slope characteristics of the log S vs. pH curves. Considerably different intrinsic solubility constants were found, compared to those originally reported, for several drugs (e.g., celiprolol, desipramine, haloperidol). The least soluble molecule, amiodarone, analyzed to have the extraordinarily low intrinsic solubility of 2 picograms/mL, a moderate salt solubility of 0.82 mg/mL at the Gibbs‑pKa 5.4, corresponding to the species BH∙H2PO4(s), and a substantial presence of the positively-charged pentameric aggregate, (BH)5.
An Efficient Method for Boosting Human Pose Estimation (2021)

Most existing human pose estimation approaches fall into designing new network architectures or tend to apply deeper layers. Most of the methods are time-consuming, and lightweight plug-in for improving human pose estimation to the existing network gets little investigation. In this paper, we propose a lightweight plug-in module to boost the performance of human pose estimation named PoseReNed. PoseReNet is a network with three branches that are designed to tackle the attenuation caused by occluded keypoints or different scales of the keypoints. Generally, small-scale keypoints are more difficult to detect, and we observe that different channels of the output feature map have different attributes to the performance of estimation. We apply a channel attention mechanism to re-weight the channel to trade-off among different scales of the keypoints. By aggregating multiscale output feature maps, the pose estimation performance can be improved. Serving as a model-agnostic plug-in, PoseReNet brings about significant performance boost to existing human pose estimation models. Extensive experiments show that PoseReNet can effectively improve precision on COCO and MPII.
Rheology of highly filled natural CaCO<sub>3</sub> composites. I. Effects of solid loading and particle size distribution on capillary rheometry (2007)

Abstract The rheology of poly(di‐methyl siloxane) suspensions containing various loadings of natural CaCO 3 particles, of several particle size distributions, was studied using capillary rheometry. Highly loaded suspensions were investigated, emphasizing the unique behavior of high filler loaded compositions. Mild shear thinning was observed for most suspensions, whereas shear thickening was observed for suspensions containing nearly maximal possible solid loadings. The dominancy of particle size distribution was demonstrated by studying the relative suspensions viscosity as function of shear rate. It was further illustrated by the influence of the filler specific surface area on the flow properties. A seemingly slight changes in the particles‐specific surface area caused significant changes in the viscosity of maximal solid loaded unimodal suspensions. Fair agreement with the Chong and Krieger and Dougherty models was found for unimodal suspensions, while the combined Farris–Chong model showed an improved fit for the bimodal suspensions. Evidence for wall slip was demonstrated, using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry, as a clear difference in the extrudate outer and bulk compositions; although no influence on the flow data was observed. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:512–523, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Cytokine, glycemic, and insulinemic responses to an acute bout of games‐based activity in adolescents (2018)

An acute bout of endurance exercise in adults stimulates a same-day anti-inflammatory response which may affect low-grade chronic inflammation and insulin resistance and benefit cardio-metabolic health. The anti-inflammatory responses to intermittent games-based exercise and to exercise in young people beyond 2 hours post-exercise are unknown. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to examine the anti-inflammatory, glycemic and insulinemic response to games-based activity in adolescents. Following ethical approval and familiarization, 39 adolescents (12.3 ± 0.7 years) completed an exercise (E) and rested (R) trial in a counterbalanced, randomized crossover design. Following a standardized breakfast, participants completed 1-hour games-based activity. Capillary blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately and 1 hour post-exercise, and 30, 60 and 120 minutes following a standardized lunch. A final blood sample was taken the next morning. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. IL-6 concentration was higher on day one of the exercise trial (E:3.4 ± 0.4, R:2.7 ± 0.4 pg/mL; P = 0.006), as was the anti-inflammatory IL-6:TNF-α ratio (E:5.53 ± 0.93, R:3.75 ± 0.45; P = 0.027). Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased on day two of the exercise trial (E:2.11 ± 0.23, R:1.66 ± 0.16 pg/mL; P = 0.032). Insulin sensitivity was enhanced on the exercise trial with a reduction in iAUC following the standardized lunch (E:2310 ± 834, R:3122 ± 1443 mU/L × 120 minutes; P < 0.001). Games-based activity stimulated an anti-inflammatory response up to 24 hours post-exercise and improved insulin sensitivity in response to a standardized meal in healthy adolescents. These novel findings suggest that games-based activity is an ecologically valid mode of exercise to elicit beneficial effects on cardio-metabolic risk factors in young people.
The role of reduced expression of fragile X mental retardation protein in neurons and increased expression in astrocytes in idiopathic and syndromic autism (duplications 15q11.2‐q13) (2018)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), caused by lack of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), is associated with a high prevalence of autism. The deficit of FMRP reported in idiopathic autism suggests a mechanistic overlap between FXS and autism. The overall goal of this study is to detect neuropathological commonalities of FMRP deficits in the brains of people with idiopathic autism and with syndromic autism caused by dup15q11.2-q13 (dup15). This study tests the hypothesis based on our preliminary data that both idiopathic and syndromic autism are associated with brain region-specific deficits of neuronal FMRP and structural changes of the affected neurons. This immunocytochemical study revealed neuronal FMRP deficits and shrinkage of deficient neurons in the cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, and cerebellum in subjects with idiopathic and dup(15)/autism. Neuronal FMRP deficit coexists with surprising infiltration of the brains of autistic children and adults with FMRP-positive astrocytes known to be typical only for the fetal and short postnatal periods. In the examined autistic subjects, these astrocytes selectively infiltrate the border between white and gray matter in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, the molecular layer of the cortex, part of the amygdala and thalamus, central cerebellar white matter, and dentate nucleus. Astrocyte pathology results in an additional local loss of FMRP in neurons and their shrinkage. Neuronal deficit of FMRP and shrinkage of affected neurons in structures free of FMRP-positive astrocytes and regions infiltrated with FMRP-expressing astrocytes appear to reflect mechanistic, neuropathological, and functional commonalities of FMRP abnormalities in FXS and autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1316-1331. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Immunocytochemistry reveals a deficit of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in neurons of cortical and subcortical brain structures but increased FMRP expression in astrocytes infiltrating gray and white matter. The detected shrinkage of FMRP-deficient neurons may provide a mechanistic explanation of reported neuronal structural and functional changes in autism. This study contributes to growing evidence of mechanistic commonalities between fragile X syndrome and autism spectrum disorder.
An Opportunistic Cross-Layer Protocol for Multi-Channel Wireless Networks (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new multi-hop forwarding scheme for wireless multi-hop networks, denoted Multi-Channel Extremely Opportunistic Routing (MCExOR), that efficiently exploits radio channel characteristics and makes use of multiple RF channels. MCExOR reduces the overall number of transmissions in wireless multi-hop networks by opportunistically skipping nodes in a packet's forwarding path. The use of multiple non overlapping RF channels contributes to the reduction of overall interference. In contrast to other approaches MCExOR only needs one RF transceiver per device. We present algorithms for route discovery and packet forwarding. In contrast to other multi-channel protocols the packet forwarding is decoupled from route discovery. Therefore, both protocols have low complexity and can be addressed separately. With the help of simulations we show that MCExOR significantly outperforms traditional protocols like AODV through the simultaneous use of multiple RF channels and its opportunistic behaviour. With the increasing number of RF channels the overall throughput increases superproportionally. MCExOR with 2 RF channels surpasses AODV by an average of 140%. Unlike other multi channel approaches even a single packet flow can benefit from the existence of multiple channels.
Structural basis of AdoMet-dependent aminocarboxypropyl transfer reaction catalyzed by tRNA-wybutosine synthesizing enzyme, TYW2 (2009)

S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) is a methyl donor used by a wide variety of methyltransferases, and it is also used as the source of an alpha-amino-alpha-carboxypropyl ("acp") group by several enzymes. tRNA-yW synthesizing enzyme-2 (TYW2) is involved in the biogenesis of a hypermodified nucleotide, wybutosine (yW), and it catalyzes the transfer of the "acp" group from AdoMet to the C7 position of the imG-14 base, a yW precursor. This modified nucleoside yW is exclusively located at position 37 of eukaryotic tRNA(Phe), and it ensures the anticodon-codon pairing on the ribosomal decoding site. Although this "acp" group has a significant role in preventing decoding frame shifts, the mechanism of the "acp" group transfer by TYW2 remains unresolved. Here we report the crystal structures and functional analyses of two archaeal homologs of TYW2 from Pyrococcus horikoshii and Methanococcus jannaschii. The in vitro mass spectrometric and radioisotope-labeling analyses confirmed that these archaeal TYW2 homologues have the same activity as yeast TYW2. The crystal structures verified that the archaeal TYW2 contains a canonical class-I methyltransferase (MTase) fold. However, their AdoMet-bound structures revealed distinctive AdoMet-binding modes, in which the "acp" group, instead of the methyl group, of AdoMet is directed to the substrate binding pocket. Our findings, which were confirmed by extensive mutagenesis studies, explain why TYW2 transfers the "acp" group, and not the methyl group, from AdoMet to the nucleobase.
Impact of a Clinical Decision Support Tool on Dementia Diagnostics in Memory Clinics: The PredictND Validation Study (2019)

Adding the PredictND tool to the diagnostic evaluation affected the diagnosis and increased clinicians' confidence in the diagnosis indicating that CDSSs could aid clinicians in the differential diagnosis of dementia.
The branched chain aminotransferase IlvE promotes growth, stress resistance and pathogenesis of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2020)

ABSTRACT The bacterial plasma membrane is a key interface during pathogen-host interactions, and membrane composition enhances resistance against host antimicrobial defenses. Branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are the major plasma membrane component in the intracellular Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and BCFA metabolism is essential for Lm growth and virulence. BCFA synthesis requires branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), and the BCAA Isoleucine (Ile) is a necessary substrate for the predominant membrane anteiso-BCFAs (ai-BCFAs) as well as an environmental signal for virulence regulation in Lm. In this study, we explored how two proteins that metabolize or sense Ile contribute to Lm growth, BCFA metabolism, and virulence. The IlvE aminotransferase incorporates Ile into ai-BCFAs, while CodY is an Ile-sensing regulator that coordinates BCAA synthesis and virulence gene expression. Analysis of deletion mutants lacking IlvE (Δ ilvE ) or CodY (Δ codY ) revealed a major role for IlvE under nutrient restriction and stress conditions. Cultures of the Δ ilvE mutant contained proportionally less ai-BCFAs relative to wild type, while of the Δ codY mutant had a lower proportion of ai-BCFAs in stationary phase, despite containing more cell-associated Ile. Both Δ ilvE and Δ codY mutants required exogenous Ile for optimal growth, but the Δ ilvE mutant had an absolute requirement for Valine and Leucine when Ile was absent. IlvE was also necessary for resistance to membrane stress, cell-to-cell spread, infection of primary macrophages, and virulence in mice. Our findings implicate IlvE as an integral aspect of Lm stress resistance and emphasize the central importance of Ile in Lm growth and virulence.
The C Terminus of Tubulin, a Versatile Partner for Cationic Molecules (2010)

The C-terminal region of tubulin is involved in multiple aspects of the regulation of microtubule assembly. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this regulation, we study here, using different approaches, the interaction of Tau, spermine, and calcium, three representative partners of the tubulin C-terminal region, with a peptide composed of the last 42 residues of α1a-tubulin. The results show that their binding involves overlapping amino acid stretches in the C-terminal tubulin region: amino acid residues 421-441 for Tau, 430-432 and 444-451 for spermine, and 421-443 for calcium. Isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR, and cosedimentation experiments show that Tau and spermine have similar micromolar binding affinities, whereas their binding stoichiometry differs (C-terminal tubulin peptide/spermine stoichiometry 1:2, and C-terminal tubulin peptide/Tau stoichiometry 8:1). Interestingly, calcium, known as a negative regulator of microtubule assembly, can compete with the binding of Tau and spermine with the C-terminal domain of tubulin and with the positive effect of these two partners on microtubule assembly in vitro. This observation opens up the possibility that calcium may participate in the regulation of microtubule assembly in vivo through direct (still unknown) or indirect mechanism (displacement of microtubule partners). The functional importance of this part of tubulin was also underlined by the observation that an α-tubulin mutant deleted from the last 23 amino acid residues does not incorporate properly into the microtubule network of HeLa cells. Together, these results provide a structural basis for a better understanding of the complex interactions and putative competition of tubulin cationic partners with the C-terminal region of tubulin.
Germline Mutation in RNASEL Predicts Increased Risk of Head and Neck, Uterine Cervix and Breast Cancer (2008)

In conclusion, we have discovered an increased risk, a heterozygous advantage and thereby a protective effect linked to the RNASEL SNP rs3738579. This effect is found for patients diagnosed with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, HNSCC, and breast cancer thus pointing at RNASEL as a general marker for cancer risk and not restricted to familial prostate cancer.
Building blocks for fast circuit simulation (2012)

Modern electronic circuits are typically large, consisting of thousands of transistors and othercomponents. During the design process, there is a need to perform computationally demandingnumerical simulations to verify the functionality of the circuit. Thus, the need for fast andaccurate circuit simulation tools is obvious.&#13;\nFour approaches to improve the speed and the convergence of the numerical circuitsimulation are presented.&#13;\nThe first approach utilizes efficient iteration methods for nonlinear DC analysis.Newton–Raphson (NR) iteration is the most used nonliner iteration method for nonlinearcircuit equations, but it lacks good global convergence properties. Some new variants ofnonlinear iteration methods are proposed to improve the convergence of DC analysis.&#13;\nIn the second approach, the computing time is reduced by using parallel processing.Parallelization of harmonic balance (HB) analysis using multithreads is studied. Also, themodified multilevel NR method that has improved convergence properties is presented.&#13;\nThe third approach concentrates on improving the convergence of iterative solvers for linearsystems using preconditioners. The emphasis is in the preconditioning of Jacobians of the HBmethod. It is shown how to use time-domain preconditioners with frequency-domainpreconditioners in order to benefit from both.&#13;\nThe fourth approach to speed up the circuit simulation is to use model-order reduction(MOR), where the idea is to approximate complex circuit models with simpler ones. This thesisconcentrates on MOR methods for linear circuits or the linear parts of nonlinear circuits.Efficient partitioning-based MOR methods and a new global approach to projection-basedMOR are proposed.