gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Measurements of Skin Friction in Supersonic Combustion Flow Fields (1993)

An experimental investigation was conducted to measure skin friction along the chamber walls of supersonic combustors. A direct force measurement device was used to measure simultaneously an axial and a transverse component of the small tangential shear force passing over a nonintrusive floating element. This measurement was made possible with a sensitive piezoresistive deflection sensing unit. The floating head is mounted to a stiff cantilever beam arrangement with deflection due to the flow on the order of 0.00254 mm (0.0001 in). This allowed the instrument to be a nonnulling type. A second gage was designed with active cooling of the floating sensor head to eliminate nonuniform temperature effects between the sensor head and the surrounding wall. The key to this device is the use of a quartz tube cantilever with piezoresistive strain gages bonded directly to its surface. A symmetric fluid flow was developed inside the quartz tube to provide cooling to the backside of the floating head. Tests showed that this flow did not influence the tangential force measurement. Measurements were made in three separate combustor test facilities. Tests at NASA Langley Research center consisted of a Mach 3.0 vitiated air flow with hydrogen fuel injection at Pt = 500 psia (3466 kPa) and Tt = 3000 R (1667 K). Two separate sets of tests were conducted at the General Applied Science Laboratory (GASL) in a scramjet combustor model with hydrogen fuel injection in vitiated air at Mach = 3.3, Pt = 800 psia (5510 kPa), and Tt = 4000 R (2222 K). Skin friction coefficients between 0.001–0.005 were measured dependent on the facility and measurement location. Analysis of the measurement uncertainties indicate an accuracy to within ± 10–15 percent of the streamwise component.
Prognostic Value of Tumor Microinvasion and Metalloproteinases Expression in Intracranial Pediatric Ependymomas (2008)

Ependymomas are common pediatric intracranial neoplasms that often appear well circumscribed on imaging but may recur when they are treated by surgical resection alone. The current World Health Organization histological grading system does not accurately predict clinical behavior. The aim of this study was to identify histological and immunohistochemical features that correlate with clinical course in patients with ependymomas treated by gross total resection. We analyzed 41 pediatric ependymomas for microinvasion and correlated immunostaining for the metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP14 and for ezrin and bcl-2 with clinical outcome. Gross total resection had a significantly positive effect on overall survival and progression-free survival. In 28 patients who underwent gross total resection, microinvasion correlated with poor overall survival (p = 0.003) and progression-free survival (p = 0.03). Gross totally resected tumors with high expression of MMP2 and MMP14 had significantly shorter overall survival. Ezrin staining identified tumor cells invading the adjacent white matter that were not identified by routine stains, but Ezrin staining and bcl-2 staining did not provide strong prognostic correlations. The data indicate that tumor microinvasion into adjacent brain and tumor expression of MMP2 and MMP14 predict both overall and progression-free survival in pediatric ependymomas, and these are useful prognostic markers that may help stratify patients for adjuvant therapies.
RMI1 deficiency in mice protects from diet and genetic‐induced obesity (2009)

The aim of this study is to discover and characterize novel energy homeostasis-related molecules. We screened stock mouse embryonic stem cells established using the exchangeable gene trap method, and examined the effects of deficiency of the target gene on diet and genetic-induced obesity. The mutant strain 0283, which has an insertion at the recQ-mediated genome instability 1 (RMI1) locus, possesses a number of striking features that allow it to resist metabolic abnormalities. Reduced RMI1 expression, lower fasting-blood glucose and a reduced body weight (normal diet) were observed in the mutant mice. When fed a high-fat diet, the mutant mice were resistant to obesity, and also showed improved glucose intolerance and reduced abdominal fat tissue mass and food intake. In addition, the mutants were also resistant to obesity induced by the lethal yellow agouti (A(y)) gene. Endogenous RMI1 genes were found to be up-regulated in the liver and adipose tissue of KK-A(y) mice. RMI1 is a component of the Bloom's syndrome gene helicase complex that maintains genome integrity and activates cell-cycle checkpoint machinery. Interestingly, diet-induced expression of E2F8 mRNA, which is an important cell cycle-related molecule, was suppressed in the mutant mice. These results suggest that the regulation of energy balance by RMI1 is attributable to the regulation of food intake and E2F8 expression in adipose tissue. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that RMI1 is a novel molecule that regulates energy homeostasis.
Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Vascular Injury Using Combined Therapy: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Mimetics (2010)

Aim: To investigate potential therapies for radiation-induced lung injury. In this study we examine the effectiveness of independent and combined treatment using angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and a super oxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic as mitigators of radiation injury after total body irradiation (TBI). Methods: Rats (WAG/RijCmcr) were irradiated with a single dose (11Gy, TBI) followed by a syngenic bone marrow transplant. P O S T E R S E S S I O N S 60 Poster Sessions Rats were then treated with captopril (100 mg/m2/day) or enalapril (10 mg/m2/day) in their drinking water or with the super oxide dismutase (SOD) catalase mimetic EUK-207 (1.8 mg/m2/day) alone or in combination starting at approximately one wk after TBI, continuing until the endpoint. Rats were studied 6 wks after TBI and indices of health as well as heart and lung structure and function were measured. Results: Body weight was significantly decreased by TBI and not improved by any treatment schedule. Hematocrit tended to be decreased, but not significantly, in TBI rats and mostly unchanged by treatment. Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) was significantly increased by TBI. RVH was mitigated by captopril and EUK alone or in combination, but not by enalapril + EUK. Total lung ACE activity was significantly decreased by TBI, this effect was significantly mitigated by treatment with EUK alone or in combination with either ACE inhibitor. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was significantly increased by TBI. PVR was significantly decreased by treatment with captopril and EUK alone or in combination, but not by enalapril + EUK. Conclusions: Radiation induced injury appears to be mitigated by treatment with EUK and/or captopril, but not enalapril + EUK. This work was funded by RC1 AI 81294 and NIH/NIAID agreements U19-AI- 67734. Dosimetry was done by the CMCR Irradiation Core at MCW; histology was done in the Children’s Research Institute at MCW under direction of Dr. Paula North.
Geometry and Heat Transfer Considerations in Rapid Manufacturing (2005)

The authors review a laser-assisted rapid manufacturing process which allows to manufacture components from the original powderized material, overcoming functionality test limitations of conventional rapid prototyping processes. In a comprehensive experimental and analytical investigation, a set of rules which predicts the heat transfer and the geometrical properties of the fabricated parts was derived and verified. Further, the resulting set of equations was connected to a second model which predicts the mechanical properties of the fabricated parts. The results agree very well with measured mechanical properties, showing that, depending on the operating parameters laser power, scanning speed and powder delivery rate, the mechanical strength is anisotropic.
A comprehensive investigation of MoO<sub>3</sub>based resistive random access memory (2020)

The bipolar resistive switching of molybdenum oxide is deliberated while molybdenum and nickel are used as bottom and top electrodes, respectively, to present a device with resistive random access memory (RRAM) characteristics. For the trilayered structure, the SET voltage lies around 3.3 V and RESET voltage is observed to be in the -2.3 V to -2.7 V range. The conduction mechanism has been observed and revealed for the Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) structure which is a space-charge-limited current mechanism that follows both ohmic conduction and Child's law. Furthermore, a theoretical study has been performed by using density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate the resistance switching role of molybdenum oxide (MoO<sub>3</sub>). The structure has been studied with oxygen vacancy sites induced into the system which shows the reduction in bandgap, whereas an indirect bandgap of 1.9 eV and a direct bandgap of 3.1 eV are calculated for molybdenum oxide. Conclusively, the formation of a conduction filament which is fundamental for resistive switching has been explained through band structure and density of states per eV for oxygen vacancy structures of molybdenum oxide. The current work presents an in-depth understanding of the resistive switching mechanism involved in MoO<sub>3</sub> based resistive random access memory devices for future data storage applications.
Overview of Solar Energy Research: 1990 to Present (2004)

The Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL), established in 1939, is a division of the Texas Engineering Experiment Station, and a member of the Texas A&amp;M University System. The ESL has successfully performed over $25 million in research for dozens of government and private sponsors including ASHRAE, USDOE, USEPA, DoD, and the&#13;\nstate of Texas, over the last 15 years. The ESL specializes in field research that includes both metering and monitoring energy use in buildings as well as modeling and analysis of the data collected. The ESL provides services in the area of Metering and Analysis technology, such as those developed for the Texas LoanSTAR Metering and Monitoring Program, including calibrated simulation, and measurement and verification of photovoltaic solar installations. Throughout the past twelve years the ESL has assembled a nationally recognized team of professionals who have raised metering and monitoring in Texas to a&#13;\npoint of national prominence.
Phase I Study of Doxil® and Vinorelbine in Patients with Advanced Malignancies (2004)

Doxil 50 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 28-day cycle can be safely combined with VNB 15 mg/m2 day 1, or with VNB 15 mg/m2 days 1 and 2 with filgrastim prophylaxis. Antineoplastic activity was observed in this heavily pretreated population. Future studies of Doxil 35-40 mg/m2 with multiday VNB may be worthwhile, especially in metastatic breast cancer.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer‐Regulated Protein Labeling With a Coumarin‐Based Multifunctional Photocrosslinker (2018)

We developed a novel diazirine-based photolabeling agent having a (coumarin-4-yl)methyl ester scaffold, which exhibited multiple photochemical properties of crosslinking, fluorogenicity and cleavage. These properties can be kinetically regulated via photoinduced electron transfer between diazirine and coumarin moieties. The C-O bond of (coumarin-4-yl)methyl ester can be cleaved via photochemical excitation of coumarin moiety, that function has been initially quenched by the diazirine moiety. Upon diazirine photolysis with 365-nm light, interacting protein was stably captured with photoactivatable ligand probe. Then, the unlocked cleavage function was activated with 313 nm light, and the reaction was accelerated in a weakly-basic solution. The crosslinked protein could be selectively isolated with attachment of a small coumarin tag on the surface. This multi-functional labeling agent has a great potential to facilitate LC-MS/MS-based protein identification.
GaAs/AlGaAs optical waveguides on silicon substrates grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1988)

A single-heterostructure optical waveguide at 1.3 μm wavelength in GaAs/AlGaAs, grown on Si by molecular beam epitaxy, is demonstrated. 6-μm-wide ridge waveguides with 0.25 μm ridge height had single modes and the measured average propagation loss was 11.7 dB/cm. The principal loss was mainly due to the relatively large free-carrier concentration in the guiding layer. It is expected that lower free-carrier concentration (∼1015 cm−3) will lead to waveguides with propagation loss of less than 3 dB/cm.
Software power optimization: analysis and optimization for energy-efficient software (2011)

Software is increasingly becoming a central issue in low power consumer based system. The amount of energy consumed by software has severe battery impact on the system. Minimizing power consumption is one of the primary challenges that today's developers faces due to lack of instrumentation functionality in the system. This tutorial will cover different prospect of energy usage and energy aware software design in system ranging from notebooks to smartphones/tablets. This tutorial will give special importance on the role of idle software in attain overall system energy efficiency. In Summary, this tutorial will give overview of software impact on hardware, quantify the impact and fix the issues in applications to extend the battery life.
Correlation analysis: a fast and reliable method for a better understanding of simulation models in optical lithography (2005)

Nowadays, the advanced usage of simulation tools for optical lithography requires substantial knowledge about the impact of model parameters and process conditions on simulation results. In many cases up to 30 or 40 parameters have to be tuned for different experimental data in order to obtain reliable simulation results. Consequently, the investigation of the impact of all model and process parameters on simulation results can be very time consuming. Therefore, we applied a correlation analysis, a well known statistical method, that allows a sensitivity analysis of simulation parameters. We compared the results of the sensitivity analysis method with the outcome of a standard “one-factor-at-a-time-method” and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both methodologies. A calibrated ArF photoresist model has been examined with both sensitivity analysis methods.
Electrochromic Properties of Ruthenium Compound Films Formed by Chemical Deposition. (1993)

Ru II (NH3)6Cl2 was dissolved in aerated distilled water to a concentration of 3~10-2 mol/L, and the solution was then aged in contact with the atmosphere for 24 hours at 25. ITO glass substrates were then immersed in the aged solution for 72 hours, taken out, and dried. A uniform, blue-colored thin film was obtained. Electrochemical measurements were performed in O.O1mol/L H2SO4 electrolyte, using SCE as the reference electrode.
Functional alterations of liver innate immunity of mice with aging in response to CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (2008)

Hepatic injury and MODS mediated by NKT cells via the TNF and FasL-mediated pathway after CpG injection increased, but the antitumor activity of liver NK cells decreased with aging.
Proton-sodium exchange in magadiite. Spectroscopic study (NMR, IR) of the evolution of interlayer OH groups (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton-sodium exchange in magadiite. Spectroscopic study (NMR, IR) of the evolution of interlayer OH groupsJose M. Rojo, E. Ruiz-Hitzky, and J. SanzCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 16, 2785–2790Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00289a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00289a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein Stabilised Submicron Emulsions (2014)

Submicron emulsions present several advantages over conventional emulsions, including an increase in the bioavailability of lipophilic components, greater stability to aggregation and gravitational separation, higher surface area for controlled release, and as a result an improved commercial shelf life. The use of proteins for the formation of submicron emulsions offers many benefits such as cleaner labelling than surfactants and added nutritional value. In this work oil-in-water submicron emulsion formation was conducted with different concentrations of native and sonolysed dairy proteins, using a low molecular weight surfactant for comparative purposes. By studying a range of dairy proteins and changing their molecular weight, the authors seek to demonstrate the important role that protein structure and properties play in the formation and stabilisation of submicron emulsions.
Optimization of a Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Class of KDR Kinase Inhibitors: Improvements in Physical Properties Enhance Cellular Activity and Pharmacokinetics. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Neuronal toll-like receptors and neuro-immunity in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and stroke (2016)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are part of the innate immune system and can initiate an immune response upon exposure to harmful microorganisms. Neuronal TLRs are considered to be part of an established framework of interactions between the immune system and the nervous system, the major sensing systems in mammals. TLRs in the nervous system and neuronal TLRs are suspected to be important during inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to offer an overview of the current knowledge about TLRs in neurodegenerative pathologies, with a focus on Parkinson's disease. More research focusing on the role of TLRs in health and disease of the nervous system is needed and remains to be explored.
The Economics of Clostridium difficile-Associated Disease for Providers and Payers (2008)

Outbreaks of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD), especially the hypervirulent North American pulsed field gel electrophoresis type 1 strain, have presented significant problems for patients, hospitals, long-term care facilities, and clinicians [1-3]. The important study by Dubberke et al. [4] in this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases calls attention to the financial burden facing hospitals and, indirectly, to payers. As noted by Dubberke et al. [4], their findings are conservative, as we will discuss further.
Design Automation for Paper Microfluidics with Passive Flow Substrates (2017)

This paper introduces a novel software framework to support automated development of paper-based microfluidic devices. Compared to existing lab-on-a-chip technologies, paper-based microfluidics differs in terms of substrate technologies and point-of-care usage across a wide variety environmental conditions. This paper addresses the contexts in which the software can address these challenges and presents several initial case studies that demonstrate the capabilities of the framework to produce workable and usable paper microfluidic devices.
Microkinetic Modeling of Structural Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) (2009)

The free radical suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride is modeled at the elementary reaction level, systematically taking into account diffusion limitations. By deriving balances for structurally distinct polymer and radical species the formation of structural defects can be followed: monomer conversion, averages of the molar mass distribution and the structural defects content can be calculated as a function of polymerization time for industrially relevant conditions. A good agreement between literature reported and calculated values for these properties is obtained for a polymerization temperature range of 325−340 K, a dicetyl peroxydicarbonate and dimyristyl peroxydicarbonate initiator concentration range of 0.00069−1.0 wt %, and a monomer conversion range of 12−96%. The increase of the branching content and the decrease of the terminal double bond content at high monomer conversions can be explained in terms of a favoring of monomolecular reactions and the increasing importance of addition reactions to unsaturations at these conditions.
Beam shaping of focused radiation of multimode lasers (2018)

Performance of various laser technologies like welding, metal sheet cutting based on the use of powerful multimode fiber lasers, fiber-coupled solid-state and diode lasers can be improved by manipulation of energy distribution perpendicular and along optical axis. Welding, cladding with 0.5-2 mm size working spots benefit from “inverse-Gauss” intensity profiles, and doubled or tripled spots perpendicular to axis are good solutions to provide more uniform temperature profiles on a workpiece. Thick metal sheet cutting, some types of welding get benefits from distributing the laser energy along the optical axis resulting in more efficient usage of laser energy, higher and more stable cutting edge quality, faster processing. Since the radiation of multimode lasers is of low spatial coherence, characterized by big Beam Parameter Products (BPP) or M<sup>2</sup> values, it is difficult to control the intensity distribution by methods other than imaging of a fiber end using a collimator and focusing objective. A promising suggested solution is combining of imaging the fiber end and geometrical separation of focused spots either perpendicular to or along the optical axis using dedicated optical components. Thus, energy of high power lasers is distributed among multiple foci. To provide reliable operation with multi-kW lasers and avoid damages the multi-focus optical devices are designed as refractive elements with smooth optical surfaces. The paper presents descriptions of multi-focus optics as well as examples of intensity profile measurements of beam caustics and application results.
&lt;title&gt;Inverting the perceptual transform&lt;/title&gt; (1994)

Images are filtered by the various stages of visual processing and undergo a perceptual transformation. To begin to quantify this process, the appearance of sinewave gratings, images with a sinusoidal luminance profile, was studied. The most salient features of these images is that at high contrast they do not in general appear sinusoidal. A logarithmic transform, based on Fechner's law, is suggested as a first approximation to the perceptual transform in the luminance domain, and shown to characterize the apparent luminance profiles of sinewave gratings. Furthermore, the sinusoidal image profile can be pre-processed (inverse transformed) to create a new image which, when viewed, reverses to a large extent the perceptual distortions discussed above. This `corrected' image would appear as if the combined effects of the perceptual transform had not acted, making the now non-sinusoidal profile conform much more closely to our symmetrical expectations of a sinusoidal appearance. The principle of inversion used here is suggested as a general way of testing the validity of some human vision models proposed to achieve better image processing algorithms based on visual perception.