gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strain Mapping of CdTe Grains in Photovoltaic Devices (2019)

Strain within grains and at grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline thin-film absorber layers limits the overall performance because of higher defect concentrations and band fluctuations. However, the nanoscale strain distribution in operational devices is not easily accessible using standard methods. X-ray nanodiffraction offers the unique possibility to evaluate the strain or lattice spacing at nanoscale resolution. Furthermore, the combination of nanodiffraction with additional techniques in the framework of multimodal scanning X-ray microscopy enables the direct correlation of the strain with material and device parameters such as the elemental distribution or local performance. This approach is applied for the investigation of the strain distribution in CdTe grains in fully operational photovoltaic solar cells. It is found that the lattice spacing in the (111) direction remains fairly constant in the grain cores but systematically decreases at the GBs. The lower strain at GBs is accompanied by an increase of the total tilt. These observations are both compatible with the inhomogeneous incorporation of smaller atoms into the lattice, and local stress induced by neighboring grains.
Desarrollo, producción y formulación comercial de la cepa CPA-1 de Candida sake para el control de las principales enfermedades en postcosecha de fruta (2006)

El desarrollo de resistencias a los fungicidas por parte de muchos patogenos, conjuntamente con un creciente interes social sobre los riesgos medioambientales y para la salud que tienen estos pesticidas, han generado un gran interes en el desarrollo de metodos alternativos a los productos quimicos de sintesis. El control biologico de las enfermedades de poscosecha en fruta de pepita se ha mostrado como una de las alternativas mas prometedoras al control quimico. El esfuerzo que la investigacion dedica a esta area se ha incrementado de manera espectacular, y se refleja por la existencia de un elevado numero de patentes. Entre las patentes se encuentra la patente de la cepa CPA-1 de la levadura Candida sake aislada de la superficie de manzanas y desarrollada en su totalidad por la unidad de patologia del area de postcosecha del Centro UdL-IRTA. Esta cepa ha demostrado tener gran actividad antagonica contra los principales patogenos de fruta de pepita y ya se han finalizado las etapas de produccion y formulacion, pasos claves que nos permiten optimizar la eficacia, seguridad , facilidad en la aplicacion y estabilidad con el fin de utilizarlos comercialmente como alternativa a los fungicidas quimicos.
Low-Level Arsenic Impairs Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Beta Cells: Involvement of Cellular Adaptive Response to Oxidative Stress (2010)

Our studies suggest that low levels of arsenic provoke a cellular adaptive oxidative stress response that increases antioxidant levels, dampens ROS signaling involved in GSIS, and thus disturbs beta-cell function.
Synthetic biology for future food: Research progress and future directions (2021)

Food is essential to provide energy for human cellular metabolism, and is usually made from plants or animals. Beside plants and animals, other important food sources are made by microorganisms, typically products of fermentation (e.g bread, wine, beer, soy sauce, etc). Nowadays, because of the increasing environmental pollution, climate change and population growth, is becoming challenging to keep the food supply safe, nutritious and sustainable. Importantly, the development of the synthetic biology field enable the engineering of cells that can be used in food manufacturing. These engineered cells can transform renewable raw materials into important food components, functional food additives and nutritional chemicals. This review discusses the major challenges in food industry and how synthetic biology has the potential to revolutionize the future of the food. Finally, the prospects and challenges of synthetic biology for a sustainable food manufacturing are discussed.
Engineering of HIV-1 neutralizing antibody CAP256V2LS for manufacturability and improved half life (2022)

The broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) CAP256-VRC26.25 has exceptional potency against HIV-1 and has been considered for clinical use. During the characterization and production of this bNAb, we observed several unusual features. First, the antibody appeared to adhere to pipette tips, requiring tips to be changed during serial dilution to accurately measure potency. Second, during production scale-up, proteolytic cleavage was discovered to target an extended heavy chain loop, which was attributed to a protease in spent medium from 2-week culture. To enable large scale production, we altered the site of cleavage via a single amino acid change, K100mA. The resultant antibody retained potency and breadth while avoiding protease cleavage. We also added the half-life extending mutation LS, which improved the in vivo persistence in animal models, but did not impact neutralization activity; we observed the same preservation of neutralization for bNAbs VRC01, N6, and PGDM1400 with LS on a 208-virus panel. The final engineered antibody, CAP256V2LS, retained the extraordinary neutralization potency of the parental antibody, had a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in animal models, and was negative in in vitro assessment of autoreactivity. CAP256V2LS has the requisite potency, developability and suitability for scale-up, allowing its advancement as a clinical candidate.
Commutative Data Reordering: A New Technique to Reduce Data Movement Energy on Sparse Inference Workloads (2020)

Data movement is a significant and growing consumer of energy in modern systems, from specialized low-power accelerators to GPUs with power budgets in the hundreds of Watts. Given the importance of the problem, prior work has proposed designing interconnects on which the energy cost of transmitting a 0 is significantly lower than that of transmitting a 1. With such an interconnect, data movement energy is reduced by encoding the transmitted data such that the number of 1s is minimized. Although promising, these data encoding proposals do not take full advantage of application level semantics. As an example of a neglected optimization opportunity, consider the case of a dot product computation as part of a neural network inference task. The order in which the neural network weights are fetched and processed does not affect correctness, and can be optimized to further reduce data movement energy.This paper presents commutative data reordering (CDR), a hardware-software approach that leverages the commutative property in linear algebra to strategically select the order in which weight matrix coefficients are fetched from memory. To find a low-energy transmission order, weight ordering is modeled as an instance of one of two well-studied problems, the Traveling Salesman Problem and the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem. This reduction makes it possible to leverage the vast body of work on efficient approximation methods to find a good transmission order. CDR exploits the indirection inherent to sparse matrix formats such that no additional metadata is required to specify the selected order. The hardware modifications required to support CDR are minimal, and incur an area penalty of less than 0.01% when implemented on top of a mobile-class GPU. When applied to 7 neural network inference tasks running on a GPU-based system, CDR respectively reduces average DRAM IO energy by 53.1% and 22.2% over the data bus invert encoding scheme used by LPDDR4, and the recently proposed Base + XOR encoding. These savings are attained with no changes to the mobile system software and no runtime performance penalty.
High-Intensity Interval Exercise Improves Vagal Tone and Decreases Arrhythmias in Chronic Heart Failure (2013)

We demonstrate that a single session of HIIE improves autonomic profile of CHF patients, leading to significant reductions of HR and arrhythmic events in a 24-h posttraining period. Cardioprotective effects of HIIE in CHF patients need to be confirmed in a larger study population and on a long-term basis.
Supplementary Legend from Trametinib Activity in Patients with Solid Tumors and Lymphomas Harboring BRAF Non-V600 Mutations or Fusions: Results from NCI-MATCH (EAY131) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Legend&lt;/p&gt;
Harmonic resonances in Wind Power Plants: Modeling, analysis and active mitigation methods (2015)

This work reviews the state-of-the-art in the field of harmonic resonance problems in Wind Power Plants (WPPs). Firstly, a generic WPP is modeled according to the equivalent circuits of its passive and active components. Main focus is put on modeling active components, i.e. the ones based on power converters. Subsequently, pros and cons of frequency and time domain analysis methods are outlined. The next sections are devoted to mitigation methods implemented in the power electronics converters. From the wind turbine perspective, different techniques to enhance the robustness of the controller are analyzed. Subsequently, the suitability for active damping of harmonics using STATCOM devices is assessed, with focus both on control techniques and power converter technologies.
Nickel(II)- and cobalt(II)-dependent damage by hydrogen peroxide to the DNA bases in isolated human chromatin. (1991)

Nickel compounds are known to be carcinogenic to humans and animals. Cobalt compounds produce tumors in animals and are probably carcinogenic to humans. The mechanisms of the carcinogenicity of these metal compounds, however, have remained elusive. In the present work, we have investigated the ability of Ni(II) and Co(II) ions in the presence of H2O2 to cause chemical changes in DNA bases in chromatin extracted from cultured cells of human origin. Eleven modified DNA bases in chromatin were identified and quantitated by the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 2-Hydroxyadenine (isoguanine), which has not previously been shown to occur DNA or chromatin, was also identified. Products identified were typical hydroxyl radical-induced products of DNA bases, suggesting that the hydroxyl radical was involved in their formation. This idea was supported by partial inhibition of product formation by typical scavengers of hydroxyl radical. Partial inhibition of product formation indicated a possible "site-specific" formation of hydroxyl radical by unchelated Ni(II) and Co(II) ions bound to chromatin. Although treatment of chromatin for 1 h with Co(II)/H2O2 caused formation of significant amounts of products, treatment with Ni(II)/H2O2 required incubation times of more than 5 h and an increase in Ni(II) concentration before increases in product amounts above background levels became detectable. In both cases, ascorbic acid did not increase product yields. Glutathione at a physiologically relevant concentration had little overall effect on DNA base modification. Superoxide dismutase increased the yields of most products. Chelation of Ni(II) and Co(II) ions with EDTA almost completely inhibited product formation. Ni(II) in the presence of H2O2 produced greater base damage to the DNA in chromatin than to isolated DNA, unlike other metal ions tested. DNA damage in chromatin caused by Ni(II) and Co(II) ions in the presence of H2O2 may contribute to the established genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of these metal ions.
Fabrication of large diameter external-diffusion processed Nb&amp;lt;inf&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/inf&amp;gt;Sn composites (1983)

Large diameter multifilamentary Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn composites have been fabricated by the external-diffusion process. Consideration of the phase relationship in the CuSn binary system, Sn diffusion kinetics and vacancy diffusion has led to the development of an appropriate Sn homogenization anneal. By correctly annealing the composites Sn flow and Kirkendall porosity may be controlled. The application of bronze electrodeposition has also been investigated and found to significantly reduce annealing times. These concepts have been applied successfully to 0.76 mm (0.030 in) diameter composites which have overall critical currents in excess of 7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> amps/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 17 Tesla.
The Relation between Global and Specific Mindset with Reading Outcomes for Elementary School Students. (2017)

ABSTRACTAn emerging body of research has evaluated the role of growth mindset in educational achievement, yet little work has focused on the unique role of mindset to standardized reading outcomes. Our study presents 4 key outcomes in a sample of 195 fourth-grade students. First, we evaluated the dimensionality of general and reading-specific mindset and found that a global factor of growth mindset (GGM) existed along with specific factors of general and reading mindset. Second, GGM and reading mindset strongly predicted word reading and reading comprehension. Third, GGM and reading mindset uniquely predicted reading comprehension after controlling for basic word reading skills. Fourth, GGM was more strongly associated with reading comprehension for those individuals with weaker reading comprehension skills, whereas reading mindset was more strongly associated with reading comprehension for those with stronger reading comprehension skills. Our findings suggest the potential importance of assessing general...
Abstract 4516: The Effect of Rosuvastatin 20 mg and Atorvastatin 40 mg on Plaque Regression and Stabilization in Patients With Mild to Moderate Degree of Coronary Stenosis With Vulnerable Plaque (2009)

Background: Intensive lipid-lowering therapy with statins improved clinical outcomes, survival and reduced the progression of atherosclerosis. Objectives: We used serial Intravascular ultrasound (I...
JASPAR 2018: update of the open-access database of transcription factor binding profiles and its web framework (2017)

JASPAR (http://jaspar.genereg.net) is an open-access database of curated, non-redundant transcription factor (TF)-binding profiles stored as position frequency matrices (PFMs) and TF flexible models (TFFMs) for TFs across multiple species in six taxonomic groups. In the 2018 release of JASPAR, the CORE collection has been expanded with 322 new PFMs (60 for vertebrates and 262 for plants) and 33 PFMs were updated (24 for vertebrates, 8 for plants and 1 for insects). These new profiles represent a 30% expansion compared to the 2016 release. In addition, we have introduced 316 TFFMs (95 for vertebrates, 218 for plants and 3 for insects). This release incorporates clusters of similar PFMs in each taxon and each TF class per taxon. The JASPAR 2018 CORE vertebrate collection of PFMs was used to predict TF-binding sites in the human genome. The predictions are made available to the scientific community through a UCSC Genome Browser track data hub. Finally, this update comes with a new web framework with an interactive and responsive user-interface, along with new features. All the underlying data can be retrieved programmatically using a RESTful API and through the JASPAR 2018 R/Bioconductor package.
Experimental application of pulsed laser‐induced water jet for endoscopic submucosal dissection: Mechanical investigation and preliminary experiment in swine (2012)

The results showed that the present endoscopic pulsed jet system is a useful alternative for a safe ESD with minimum tissue injury.
IBM z14: Processor Characterization and Power Management for High-Reliability Mainframe Systems (2018)

The IBM z14 is the latest update in the storied history of IBM mainframes. Reliability, availability, security, and scalability are the foundation of the IBM mainframe line. System reliability and availability targets are in excess of 10 years, requiring rigorous chip characterization processes. In this paper, we discuss some of the many processes used to ensure that lifetime. An additional part of this reliability is power management (PM). The 5.2-GHz high-power design of the central processor chip requires advanced on-die PM capabilities to adapt to power intensive instruction streams. We also discuss a number of improvements to the critical path monitoring design used to manage power supply voltage droops, reducing response time and the impact on system performance. Finally, we compare a set of simulations and hardware results to validate our power fluctuation models.
Influence of Pendant Arms Bearing Ligating Groups on the Structure of Bismuth Porphyrins:  Implications for Labeling Immunoglobulins Used in Medical Applications (2004)

The synthesis of two picket bismuth(III) porphyrins is reported, and their crystal structures are compared. The influence of the nature of the pickets, as well as their number, is discussed in terms of stability, kinetics of metalation, structure, and distortion of the porphyrin. Unexpectedly, the results indicate that the coordination sphere of bismuth is not affected by different types of distortion nor is the stability of the complex. For both types of complexes, the X-ray crystallography revealed that a single arm is actually in direct interaction with the bismuth cation, thereby allowing further functionalization on the porphyrin core as the linkage with immunoglobulins or anti-rabbit antibodies (both noted IgG), which have been used in diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
Effect of Chromium and Boron Additions on the Warm Rolling Behavior Of Low Carbon Steels (2002)

The warm rolling of steels within the ferrite region can be a cost effective method of producing certain sheet materials. However, in the presence of solute carbon atoms, the rate sensitivity of the material can be affected as a result of dynamic strain ageing (DSA). This can significantly influence the microstructural development during processing, particularly due to the suppression of shear band formation. Shear bands help promote the development of a strong {111} texture during annealing, the presence of which is necessary to ensure highr-values in the final product. Therefore, the warm rolling of low carbon (LC) steels usually results in products with poor formabilities. However, it is known that the DSA behavior can be modified by the addition of elements such as boron and chromium. Three experimental low carbon steels with various additions of Cr and B were warm rolled; their behaviors are compared to that of a standard LC material. It was found that these additions promote the formation of shear bands at somewhat higher rolling temperatures than in the unalloyed steel, thus potentially resulting in stronger {111} recrystallization textures. Therefore, additions of Cr and B could lead to the production of warm rolled LC steels with improved formabilities.
Blind Interference Alignment for the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$K$&lt;/tex-math&gt; &lt;/inline-formula&gt;-User MISO BC Under Limited Symbol Extension (2018)

In this paper, we study the achievable degrees of freedom (DoFs) for K -user multiple-input single-output broadcast channel (BC) in the absence of channel state information at the transmitter under the finite channel coherent time. For the considered K-user BC, a transmitter is equipped with multiple conventional antennas, and receivers are equipped with a reconfigurable antenna that is capable of dynamically modifying the receiving beam radiation pattern. In this system, we propose a blind interference alignment scheme that is able to allocate an asymmetric number of information symbols to each user, which is essentially required to improve DoFs under limited symbol extension. A generalized systematic construction method of transmit beamforming vectors and receiving mode selection patterns to deal with such asymmetric allocation is established. As a consequence, for a broad class of network configurations and symbol extension constraints, the proposed scheme attains an improved sum DoF compared to the previous works, allowing only for the same number of information symbols for all users.
Direct evidence of delayed electroluminescence from carbon nanotubes on the macroscale (2014)

Spectrally resolved and kinetic response of electroluminescence was monitored from resistively heated carbon nanotube (CNT) macroassemblies. Sensitive detection system and custom-made setup for high-speed optoelectronic measurements were employed to investigate unsorted and single chirality-enriched CNTs. By increasing the content of (7,6) or (6,5) CNTs in a sample, the E11 emission peak in the infrared region became more narrow (∼150 nm), hence approaching that of commercial emitters for this spectral range. Moreover, electroluminescence initiation in CNTs occurred very rapidly and reached its full intensity within tens of milliseconds. Interestingly, observed delay between bias voltage application and electroluminescence proved triplet-triplet annihilation in the macroscopic assembly of CNTs.
Confocal Imaging of Both Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Free Ca2+ in Cardiac Myocytes Co-Loaded with Rhod 2 and Fluo 3: Inhibition by Ruthenium Red of Mitochondrial but not Cytosolic Ca2+ Transients (1998)

Abstract Previously, we showed rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ transients in adult rabbit cardiac myocytes during the contractile cycle. Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by the Ca2+ uniporter, inhibits mitochondrial Ca2+ transients in adult rabbit cardiac myocytes during electrical stimulation. Here, we extend this finding to show that ruthenium red inhibition is specific for mitochondrial Ca2+ transients and not cytosolic Ca2+ transients. Ca 2+-tolerant adult rabbit cardiac myocytes were isolated by collagenase and hyaluronidase digestion and loaded in the cold with 2.5 μM Rhod 2-AM for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the cells were incubated in nutrient medium at 37°C for 4-6 hours during which time cytosolic but not mitochondrial Rhod 2 was lost. Subsequently, the myocytes were loaded with 10 μM Fluo 3-AM for 15 minutes at 37°C, conditions that lead to predominantly cytosolic localization of Fluo 3. In sequential scans, the red fluorescence of Rhod 2 and the green fluorescence of Fluo 3 were imaged using a Zeiss LSM 410 laser scanning confocal microscope.
Chitin Synthesis and Degradation in Crustaceans: A Genomic View and Application (2021)

Chitin is among the most important components of the crustacean cuticular exoskeleton and intestinal peritrophic matrix. With the progress of genomics and sequencing technology, a large number of gene sequences related to chitin metabolism have been deposited in the GenBank database in recent years. Here, we summarized the genes and pathways associated with the biosynthesis and degradation of chitins in crustaceans based on genomic analyses. We found that chitin biosynthesis genes typically occur in single or two copies, whereas chitin degradation genes are all multiple copies. Moreover, the chitinase genes are significantly expanded in most crustacean genomes. The gene structure and expression pattern of these genes are similar to those of insects, albeit with some specific characteristics. Additionally, the potential applications of the chitin metabolism genes in molting regulation and immune defense, as well as industrial chitin degradation and production, are also summarized in this review.