gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of the density mismatch of liquids on scaling down steerable liquid lenses (2007)

This report describes the results of the investigations on the effect of the gravity on downscaling the liquid lens. The configuration of the lens was chosen so that it enables steering of the interface between the two immiscible liquids in a flat position by electro wetting, which is important for steering optical and/or acoustical beams. Liquids were chosen to have extremely large density mismatch, then the flatness of the interface was measured by an interferometer. The measurements show the optimal size and configuration of the liquid lens, which can handle density mismatch up to 200%.
Highly Sensitive “Off/On” EPR Probes to Monitor Enzymatic Activity (2022)

The assessment of unregulated level of enzyme activity is a crucial parameter for early diagnoses in a wide range of pathologies. In this study, we propose the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) as an easy method to probe carboxylesterase (CE) enzymatic activity in vitro. For this application, were synthesized two amphiphilic, nitroxide containing esters, namely Tempo-C12 (T-C12) and Tempo-2-C12 (T-2-C12). They exhibit low solubility in water and form stable micelles in which the radicals are EPR almost silent, but the hydrolysis of the ester bond yields narrows and intense EPR signals. The intensity of the EPR signals is proportional to the enzymatic activity. CEs1, CEs2 and esterase from porcine liver (PLE) were investigated. The obtained results show that T-C12 and T-2-C12-containing systems display a much higher selectivity toward the CEs2, with a Limit of Detection of the same order of those ones obtained with optical methods.
Separation of Signal Transduction and Adaptation Functions of the Aspartate Receptor in Bacterial Sensing (1983)

In order to investigate the functions of stimulus recognition, signal transduction, and adaptation, the aspartate receptor gene for bacterial chemotaxis in Salmonella typhimurium has been sequenced and modified. A carboxyl-terminal truncated receptor was shown to bind aspartate and to transmit a signal to change motility behavior. However, the truncated receptor showed greatly reduced methyl-accepting capacity, and did not allow adaptation to the sensory stimulation. The separation of receptor functions by alteration of primary structure emphasizes that the receptor is directly involved in adaptation and is not solely a device for transmitting a signal across a membrane.
Targeted siRNA Nanoparticles for Mammary Carcinoma Therapy (2019)

Non-viral, polymeric-based, siRNA nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed as promising gene delivery systems. Encapsulating siRNA in targeted NPs could confer improved biological stability, extended half-life, enhanced permeability, effective tumor accumulation, and therapy. In this work, a peptide derived from apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB-P), the protein moiety of low-density lipoprotein, was used to target siRNA-loaded PEGylated NPs to the extracellular matrix/proteoglycans (ECM/PGs) of a mammary carcinoma tumor. siRNA against osteopontin (siOPN), a protein involved in breast cancer development and progression, was encapsulated into PEGylated poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs using the double emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The NPs obtained possessed desired physicochemical properties including ~200 nm size, a neutral surface charge, and high siOPN loading of ~5 µg/mg. ApoB-P-targeted NPs exhibited both enhanced binding to isolated ECM and internalization by MDA-MB-231 human mammary carcinoma cells, in comparison to non-targeted NPs. Increased accumulation of the targeted NPs was achieved in the primary mammary tumor of mice xenografted with MDA-MB-231 mammary carcinoma cells as well as in the lungs, one of the main sites affected by metastases. siOPN NPs treatment resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth (similar bioactivity of both formulations), accompanied with significant reduction of OPN mRNA levels (~40% knockdown of mRNA levels). We demonstrated that targeted NPs possessed enhanced tumor accumulation with increased therapeutic potential in mice models of mammary carcinoma.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND SUBSTITUTION PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF MONOSUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF TUNGSTEN HEXACARBONYL (1978)

Abstract Die Photosubstitutionschemie der Monoligand‐W‐pentacarbonyle (I) wird untersucht und nach der Photoreaktivität in drei Kategorien eingeteilt.
Histological and Transmission Electron Microscopy Results after Embolization with HydroSoft/HydroFrame Coils in Experimental Swine Aneurysm (2019)

Coiling and clipping are standard treatment strategies for cerebral aneurysms. Regardless of the strategy used, recanalization may affect the patient's prognosis. The aim of this study was to histologically and morphologically compare the tissue proliferation after coil embolization using bare platinum coils versus second-generation hydrogel coils (HydroSoft/HydroFrame; MicroVention, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA). Endothelial-like cell proliferation was seen in both groups at 2 weeks after surgery. Macroscopic findings showed a tighter layer at 4 weeks in the hydrogel coil group, and histological and immunohistochemical findings revealed endothelial cell proliferation. This layer became much thicker and tighter at 4 weeks after surgery. Aneurysms treated with second-generation hydrogel coils may be more stable and have a lower incidence of recanalization than those treated with bare platinum coils because of the tight endothelial layer proliferation.
Dude, where's my card? (2013)

RFIDs are emerging as a vital component of the Internet of Things. In 2012, billions of RFIDs have been deployed to locate equipment, track drugs, tag retail goods, etc. Current RFID systems, however, can only identify whether a tagged object is within radio range (which could be up to tens of meters), but cannot pinpoint its exact location. Past proposals for addressing this limitation rely on a line-of-sight model and hence perform poorly when faced with multipath effects or non-line-of-sight, which are typical in real-world deployments. This paper introduces the first fine-grained RFID positioning system that is robust to multipath and non-line-of-sight scenarios. Unlike past work, which considers multipath as detrimental, our design exploits multipath to accurately locate RFIDs. The intuition underlying our design is that nearby RFIDs experience a similar multipath environment (e.g., reflectors in the environment) and thus exhibit similar multipath profiles. We capture and extract these multipath profiles by using a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) created via antenna motion. We then adapt dynamic time warping (DTW) techniques to pinpoint a tag's location. We built a prototype of our design using USRP software radios. Results from a deployment of 200 commercial RFIDs in our university library demonstrate that the new design can locate misplaced books with a median accuracy of 11~cm.
Multilayer Anti-Reflective Coating Development for PMMA Fresnel Lenses (2010)

Abstract : Anti-reflective (AR) coatings comprised of several layers of oxide and nitride dielectric materials have successfully been sputter deposited on UV transparent polymethylmethacrylate (UVT-PMMA) windows. The amorphous coatings are deposited using reactive sputtering in a custom-designed magnetron sputtering tool. The AR coatings are adherent, radiation hard, and improve the transmission of UVT-PMMA windows by approximately 5% in the 300-450 nm range. The coatings will be applied and tested on UVT-PMMA Fresnel lenses for use in space-borne telescopes.
Delay allocation between source buffering and interleaving for wireless video (2016)

One fundamental tradeoff in the cross-layer design of a communications system is delay allocation. We study delay budget partitioning in a wireless multimedia system between two of the main components of delay: the queuing delay in the source encoder output buffer and the delay caused by the interleaver. In particular, we discuss how to apportion the fixed delay budget between the source encoder and the interleaver given the channel characteristics, the video motion, the delay constraint, and the channel bit rate.
Induction of myocarditis in rabbits injected with group A streptococci. (2004)

The present data supported a role of streptococcal IgGBPs in the induction of myocardial tissue injury by GAS.
Z-Scan theory for thin film measurements: Validation of a model beyond the standard approach using ITO and HfO <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si156.svg" display="inline" id="d1e1313"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> (2023)

The Z-Scan technique is an easy and widespread approach to evaluate the nonlinear optical coefficient of materials. However, the evaluation of the same coefficients for thin films requires complex experimental setups that allow to remove the contributions of the substrate. Here, we propose a simple, yet effective, theoretical approach that allows to include the substrate contribution to the focusing effect when scanning along the propagation axis. The proposed method therefore removes the need of complex experimental setups and paves the way for a simpler retrieval of optical properties of complex nanostructures.
Energy transfer to a harmonic chain under kinematic and force loadings: Exact and asymptotic solutions (2018)

We consider dynamics of a one-dimensional harmonic chain with harmonic on-site potential subjected to kinematic and force loadings. Under kinematic loading, a particle in the chain is displaced according to sinusoidal law. Under force loading, a harmonic force is applied to a particle. Dependence of the total energy supplied to the chain on loading frequency is investigated. Exact and asymptotic expressions for the energy are derived. For loading frequencies inside the spectrum, the energy grows in time. The rate of energy growth depends on the group velocity corresponding to loading frequency. For non-zero group velocities, the energy grows linearly. If the group velocity vanishes, behavior of the system under kinematic and force loadings is qualitatively different. Under kinematic loading, the energy is bounded, while under force loading it grows in time as [Formula: see text]. Similar problem is solved in continuum formulation for a longitudinally vibrating elastic rod. It is shown that at large times, expressions for energies of the rod and the chain are identical, provided that sound speed and density are chosen properly. Generalization of results for the case of an arbitrary periodic excitation is discussed.
IC‐P‐081: Quantification of White Matter Hyperintensities Using A Multi‐Modality Automated Segmentation Method (2016)

Identification of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and volume quantification is relevant to dementia diagnosis and for exclusion and efficacy in clinical trials. In AD trials, exclusion of subjects with severe vascular pathology is typically achieved by screening out subjects with a Fazekas score of 3 as obtained from visual read. Robust automated tools are needed to replace visual reads with quantitative methods. We propose a flexible, multi-modal, computationally efficient extension of the Lesion Segmentation Tool (LST) [Schmidt;NeuroImage;2012] (integrated into the Assessa® medical device [Gray;AAIC;2015]). The LST performs a multi-modal WMH segmentation (MRI T1/FLAIR) as the outliers from a preceding segmentation of three tissue classes (CSF, GM, WM). We propose to extend this concept by integrating two additional models describing WMH and non-WMH tissue. The final segmentation is obtained by iteratively updating all five models (CSF, GM, WM, WMH, non-WMH) simultaneously. All models are initialised with spatial priors estimated from a training dataset. Spatial priors are iteratively updated accounting for registration errors. An estimate of the bias field is iteratively updated, mitigating the risk of erroneous sequential bias correction. We present a comparison to manual segmentation and a visual read based on Fazekas scoring. For a dataset of 38 subjects with a diagnosis of AD, a mean DICE overlap of 0.55 is observed between automated and manual segmentations. Correlation between manual and automatic WMH volume estimate is R2=0.94 (Fig1a). Fig1b shows for the 38 subjects the volumes from (a) manual segmentation, (b) the LST and (c) the proposed method over their Fazekas score. Identifying a cut point in a leave-one-out fashion and applying it to the remaining subject, gives concordance with an exclusion criteria of Fazekas=3 of 82% with the LST and 92% with both the proposed method and manual volumetry. Average cut points on WMH/ICV are 1.51%, 2.16%, 2.23% for LST, the proposed method and manual volumetry respectively. The presented method provides an accurate tool to automatically quantify WMH's. It provides an improved robustness to discriminate subjects with significant WMH (Fazekas=3) hinting at its potential to serve as an automated eligibility measure for clinical trials. a (left): correlation. b (right) volume over Fazekas scores
Irradiation embrittlement of ferritic stainless steels (1984)

The characteristics of the irradiation embrittlement of some ferritic stainless steels were examined by tensile tests. Steels selected in this investigation were classified into three groups: X phase, precipitation hardened Fe-13Cr steels; tempered martensitic Fe-12Cr steels; and low alloy steels. The latter steels were chosen in order to compare the irradiation embrittlement characteristics with those of stainless steels. The stainless steels were superior to the low alloy steels with regard to the irradiation embrittlement (the changes in both ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and unstable plastic flow transition temperature (UPFTT)), irrespective of whether these stainless steels had X phase precipitated structures or tempered martensitic structures. The suppression of the DBTT increase owing to irradiation results from low yield stress increase ∆σy and high |[dσy(u)/dT]|, where u denotes unirradiated, in the stainless steels. The suppression of the UPFTT results from the high work hardening rate or the high work exponent and the low Lüders strain in the stainless steels. These characteristics of irradiation embrittlement in the ferritic stainless steels are thought to be caused by the defect structure, which is modified by Cr atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of P2S5‐Pyridine with Enamines. Synthesis and Reactions of 1,6‐Trimethylene‐5‐cyano‐2‐mercapto‐1,3,2‐diazaphosphorine‐2‐thione. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automatic measurement of wrist synovitis from contrast-enhanced MRI: a registration-centered approach (2013)

MRI-determined measurement of synovial inflammation (synovitis) from hand MRIs has recently gained considerable popularity as a secondary marker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical trials. The currently accepted scoring systems are, however, purely semi-quantitative and rely on assessment from a trained radiologist. We propose a novel, fully automatic technique for quantitative wrist synovitis measurement from two MRIs acquired before and after contrast agent injection. The technique estimates the volume of the synovial inflammation in three steps. First, the wrist synovial membrane is segmented using multi-atlas B-spline based freeform registration. Second, positioning differences between the pre- and post-contrast acquisitions are corrected by rigid registration. Finally, wrist synovitis is quantified from the difference between the pre- and post-contrast sequences in the region of the segmented synovium. We evaluate the proposed technique on a data set of nineteen patients with acquisitions at two time points in a leave-one-patient-out fashion. Our experiments show that we are able to perform synovitis measurement with good correlation to manual semi-quantitative RAMRIS scores for both static (r=0.84) and longitudinal (r=0.87) scoring. These results compare favorably to the RAMRIS inter-observer variability.
Glycosynthase activity of hybrid aspen xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase PttXET16-34 nucleophile mutants (2007)

Glycosynthases are active-site mutants of glycoside hydrolases that catalyse glycosyl transfer using suitable activated donor substrates without competing product hydrolysis (S. M. Hancock, M. D. Vaughan and S. G. Withers, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2006, 10, 509-519). Site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic nucleophile, Glu-85, of a Populus tremula x tremuloides xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (PttXET16-34, EC 2.4.1.207) into alanine, glycine, and serine yielded enzymes with glycosynthase activity. Product analysis indicated that PttXET16-34 E85A in particular was able to catalyse regio- and stereospecific homo- and hetero-condensations of alpha-xylogluco-oligosaccharyl fluoride donors XXXGalphaF and XLLGalphaF to produce xyloglucans with regular sidechain substitution patterns. This substrate promiscuity contrasts that of the Humicola insolens Cel7B E197A glycosynthase, which was not able to polymerise the di-galactosylated substrate XLLGalphaF. The production of the PttXET16-34 E85A xyloglucosynthase thus expands the repertoire of glycosynthases to include those capable of synthesising structurally homogenenous xyloglucans for applications.
Theoretical investigation of the proton-induced decomposition of 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3-triazole to form the aziridinium ion: instability of the (2-aminoethyl)diazonium ion (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical investigation of the proton-induced decomposition of 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3-triazole to form the aziridinium ion: instability of the (2-aminoethyl)diazonium ionBrian D. Wladkowski, Richard H. Smith Jr., and Christopher J. MichejdaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 21, 7893–7897Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00021a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00021a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RECENT ADVANCES IN MODELING DISCONTINUITIES IN ANISOTROPIC AND HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS IN EDDY CURRENT NDE (2011)

Recent advances are presented to model discontinuities in random anisotropies that arise in certain materials, such as titanium alloys. A numerical model is developed to provide a full anisotropic representation of each crystalline in a gridded region of the material. Several simulated and experimental demonstrations are presented highlighting the effect of grain noise on eddy current measurements. Agreement between VIC‐3D© model calculations and experimental data in titanium alloy specimens with known flaws is demonstrated.
Detection in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

We study decentralized detection in tree networks with bounded height, and in which there are either sensor failures or unreliable communications between sensors. We characterize the asymptotically optimal performance of such tree networks, when certain parameters are allowed to become large, to model the case of dense sensor networks. We also develop simple strategies that nearly achieve the optimal performance.
Image compression with Generalized Lifting and partial knowledge of the signal pdf (2008)

In this paper we deal with the use of generalized lifting (GL) for lossy image compression. We have demonstrated in [9] the potential of the method for coding assuming complete knowledge of the pdf of the image to encode. Here, we move towards a realistic scheme that does not assume complete knowledge of the pdf. We show that a multiscale GL produces interesting results even if the pdf of the image to encode is only partially known. We target the compression of a given image class and compute an estimate of the image class pdf. This pdf is available at both encoder and decoder. A decision algorithm minimizes the overhead produced by the difference between the class pdf and the image pdf. This algorithm also removes ambiguities in the decoding process. The encoding strategy is completed using an arithmetic encoder. Results exhibit improvements over the state of the art.
Can modulation of viral fitness represent a target for anti-HIV-1 strategies? (2004)

Prolonged use of anti-retroviral compounds in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection selects for drug-resistant and often mutidrug-resistant viral variants. Drug-resistance mutations may also affect viral fitness. Interestingly, recent research has indicated that some of the unfit drug-resistant variants may be less pathogenic, suggesting that decreased viral fitness is beneficial for the host and may be driven by specific treatments during anti-HIV-1 infection. A second potential antiviral strategy starting with profound inteference with viral fitness aims at forcing viruses towards lethal mutagenesis (the so-called "error catastrophe"). This review summarizes the methods for addressing HIV-1 fitness in vitro and ex vivo, the current understanding of clinical implications of reduced HIV-1 fitness, and the potential use of anti-HIV-1 strategies aiming at modulating viral fitness. Finally, it is emphasized how the peculiar features of HIV-1 quasispecies (displaying two different forms of memory, a replicative and a non-replicative form) may sharply influence the design of future diagnostic methodologies for fitness analysis.
Noble metal nonlinear optical mirrors with adjustable spectral and angular bandwidths for all-optical controls at visible wavelengths (2013)

A nonlinear optical (NLO) mirror structure can amplify the strong and ultrafast NLO properties of noble metal thin-films. Spectral and angular bandwidths of the NLO mirrors are adjustable while maintaining a large nonlinear reflectance change.
High-speed VLSI interconnect modeling based on S-parameter measurements (1993)

A first-level-metal single-conductor IC interconnect model is developed for high-speed and high-density VLSI circuit design. The model shows interconnect circuit parameters that vary with frequency. Existing interconnect models exclude effects such as capacitive fringing and the influence of substrate conductance. The new model represents fine-line as well as wide-line interconnect behavior over a 20-GHz frequency range and includes these effects. The model parameters are compared to scattering parameter measurements as well as numerical simulations based on PISCES-II. Excellent agreement is shown with S-parameter measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>