gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patient- and Nurse-Controlled Analgesia: 22-Year Experience in a Pediatric Hospital (2019)

PCA and/or NCA usage continues to be common in pediatric patients, although usage has declined and stabilized in the setting of other emerging methods of analgesia and increases in the number of minimally invasive surgical procedures. The overall rate of AEs was extremely low. However, improvements to eliminate all errors are needed, especially with medications with a great risk of harm (such as opioids).
Feasibility study of the synthesis of YBiO3 thin films by aqueous chemical solution deposition as an alternative for CeO2 buffer layers in coated conductors (2013)

In this paper, the formation of YBiO3 starting from a new water-based precursor was studied in both bulk and thin films under different processing conditions. The decomposition of this precursor was studied with thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis and the reaction products were identified with X-ray diffraction. Our results show that starting from our water-based solutions, polycrystalline YBO powders can be obtained in air and argon atmospheres. Once the partial oxygen pressure was reduced using an Ar–5% H2 mixture, reduction of Bi3+ was observed, restricting YBO formation. When thin film synthesis on single crystal LaAlO3 is performed, clear differences in processing conditions were observed regarding powder synthesis. The addition of water vapour to the argon gas is necessary in order to suppress Bi2O3 sublimation. Using the appropriate synthesis conditions, well-textured, homogeneous, dense and smooth (Ra = 2.6–1.8 nm) films of 140 nm and 40 nm thickness are obtained at sinter-temperatures as low as 750 °C. YBa2Cu3O7−x deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition on the 40 nm thick YBiO3 films yielded a Jc (77 K) of 3.6 MA cm−2 in self-field, indicating the potential of this material as an alternative for CeO2 in the CeO2/La2Zr2O7/Ni–5%W and CeO2/YSZ/Stainless Steel coated conductor architectures.
Beyond antibody engineering: directed evolution of alternative binding scaffolds and enzymes using yeast surface display (2018)

Pioneered exactly 20 years ago, yeast surface display (YSD) continues to take a major role in protein engineering among the high-throughput display methodologies that have been developed to date. The classical yeast display technology relies on tethering an engineered protein to the cell wall by genetic fusion to one subunit of a dimeric yeast-mating agglutination receptor complex. This method enables an efficient genotype-phenotype linkage while exploiting the benefits of a eukaryotic expression machinery. Over the past two decades, a plethora of protein engineering efforts encompassing conventional antibody Fab and scFv fragments have been reported. In this review, we will focus on the versatility of YSD beyond conventional antibody engineering and, instead, place the focus on alternative scaffold proteins and enzymes which have successfully been tailored for purpose with regard to improving binding, activity or specificity.
Treatment of wood with aminofunctional silanes for protection against wood destroying fungi (2006)

Abstract Different aminofunctional silanes were tested for their suitability to preserve wood against basidiomycetes in a mini-block experiment according to EN 113. High effectiveness against the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana was maintained over prolonged exposure times of up to 18 weeks. Resistance against the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor was only enhanced in the initial phase of exposure (6 weeks); after longer exposure times of 18 weeks, considerable mass losses were observed. It was shown that the antifungal resistance was caused by the amino groups of the oligomeric silane systems, while alkyl groups, which influence the water uptake of wood, only had a minor impact. For effective protection, acidic conditions of the treatment solution were important; this promotes the formation of cationised amino groups (ammonium). The silane quaternary ammonium compound (Si-QAC) 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride was applied in combination with an oligomeric silane system to incorporate quaternary ammonium sites into a SiO 2 matrix via a sol-gel process. This combined treatment significantly enhanced the decay resistance of pine wood against C. puteana.
Chemical-ionization mass spectrometry of dimethyl acetals and diethyl dithioacetals of aldopentoses and aldohexoses, and the influence of stereochemical configuation. (1980)

International audience
Observation of image pair creation and annihilation from superluminal scattering sources (2016)

The invariance of the speed of light is one of the foundational pillars of our current understanding of the universe. It implies a series of consequences related to our perception of simultaneity and, ultimately, of time itself. Whereas these consequences are experimentally well studied in the case of subluminal motion, the kinematics of superluminal motion lack direct evidence or even a clear experimental approach. We investigate kinematic effects associated with the superluminal motion of a light source. By using high-temporal-resolution imaging techniques, we directly demonstrate that if the source approaches an observer at superluminal speeds, the temporal ordering of events is inverted and its image appears to propagate backward. Moreover, for a source changing its speed and crossing the interface between subluminal and superluminal propagation regions, we observe image pair annihilation and creation, depending on the crossing direction. These results are very general and show that, regardless of the emitter speed, it is not possible to unambiguously determine the kinematics of an event from imaging and time-resolved measurements alone. This has implications not only for light, but also, for example, for sound and other wave phenomena.
Managing the patient with episodic sinus tachycardia and orthostatic intolerance (2014)

Patients with episodic sinus tachycardia and associated orthostatic intolerance present a diagnostic and management dilemma to the clinician. We define this group of disorders to include sinus node reentrant tachycardia (SNRT), inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IAST), and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). After a brief review of the current understanding of the pathophysiology and epidemiology of this group of disorders, we focus on the diagnosis and management of IAST and POTS. Our approach attempts to recognize the considerable overlap in pathophysiology and clinical presentation between these two heterogeneous conditions. Thus, we focus on a mechanism-based workup and therapeutic approach. Sinus tachycardia related to identifiable causes should first be ruled out in these patients. Next, a basic cardiovascular and autonomic workup is suggested to exclude structural heart disease, identify a putative diagnosis, and guide therapy. We review both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy, with a focus on recent advances. Larger randomized control trials and further mechanistic studies will help refine management in the future.
Changes of Colonic Bacterial Composition in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases (2018)

In recent years evidence has emerged that neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are strongly associated with the microbiome composition in the gut. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most intensively studied neurodegenerative disease in this context. In this review, we performed a systematic evaluation of the published literature comparing changes in colonic microbiome in PD to the ones observed in other NDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To enhance the comparability of different studies, only human case-control studies were included. Several studies showed an increase of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, Verrucomicrobiaceae and <i>Akkermansia</i> in PD. A decrease of <i>Faecalibacterium</i> spp., <i>Coprococcus</i> spp., <i>Blautia</i> spp., <i>Prevotella</i> spp. and Prevotellaceae was observed in PD. On a low taxonomic resolution, like the phylum level, the changes are not disease-specific and are inconsistent. However, on a higher taxonomic resolution like genus or species level, a minor overlap was observed between PD and MSA, both alpha synucleinopathies. We show that standardization of sample collection and analysis is necessary for ensuring the reproducibility and comparability of data. We also provide evidence that assessing the microbiota composition at high taxonomic resolution reveals changes in relative abundance that may be specific to or characteristic of one disease or disease group, and might evolve discriminative power. The interactions between bacterial species and strains and the co-abundances must be investigated before assumptions about the effects of specific bacteria on the host can be made with certainty.
Three‐dimensional adaptive filtering in magnetic resonance angiography (2001)

Abstract In order to enhance 3D image data from magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), a novel method based on the theory of multidimensional adaptive filtering has been developed. The purpose of the technique is to suppress image noise while enhancing important structures. The method is based on local structure estimation using six 3D orientation selective filters, followed by an adaptive filtering step controlled by the local structure information. The complete filtering procedure requires approximately 3 minutes of computational time on a standard workstation for a 256 × 256 × 64 data set. The method has been evaluated using a mathematical vessel model and in vivo MRA data (both phase contrast and time of flight (TOF)). 3D adaptive filtering results in a better delineation of small blood vessels and efficiently reduces the high‐frequency noise. Depending on the data acquisition and the original data type, contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) improvements of up to 179% (8.9 dB) were observed. 3D adaptive filtering may provide an alternative to prolonging the scan time or using contrast agents in MRA when the CNR is low. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:63–71. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Five-membered cyclic biscarbonates bearing amide linkages, their preparation and their uses for the preparation of polymers (2015)

The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein and A1 and A1' are independently from each other a linear or branched alkylene radical comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atom(s); A2 is in particular a linear or branched alkylene radical comprising from 1 to 200 carbon atom(s); A3 is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atom(s) and R1 and R1' are independently from each other H or a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atom(s). The present invention concerns the compounds of formula (I), their preparation and their uses, in particular for the preparation of poly(hydroxyurethane)s and epoxy resins.
A Conformational Study of Human Spectrin (1980)

Urea denaturation profiles of spectrin dimer, measured by circular dichroism in the regions of the peptide and aromatic Cotton effects, reflect the existence of several independently unfolding domains, as well as the presence of flexible, non‐globular structure. As shown by sedimentation velocity and cross‐linking experiments, dissociation of the two subunits largely precedes unfolding. The flexible, segmentally mobile structure reveals itself further in the appearance of sharp signals in the high‐resolution proton magnetic resonance spectrum. These spectra reveal that some 20% of the chain is in the segmentally mobile form, regardless of ionic strength, and that its compositon is highly hydrophobic, with few polar side chains. This suggests the possibility that this part of the molecule may penetrate into the lipid bilayer. Conformational stability of the spectrin dimer, as measured by circular dichroism, is substantially unaffected by the state of phosphorylation and by the ionic strength, even though the latter is known to affect the size or shape of the molecule.
The Safe-Asset Share (2012)

We document that the percentage of all U.S. assets that are “safe” has remained stable at about 33 percent since 1952. This stable ratio is a rare example of calm in a rapidly changing financial world. Over the same time period, the ratio of U.S. assets to GDP has increased by a factor of 2.5, and the main supplier of safe financial debt has shifted from commercial banks to the “shadow banking system.” We analyze this pattern of stylized facts and offer some tentative conclusions about the composition of the safe-asset share and its role within the overall economy.
Performance and Characterization of (La, Sr)MnO<sub>3</sub>/YSZ and La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Electrodes for Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (2009)

Two alternative oxygen electrodes (anodes), La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ (lanthanum strontium manganite)/YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia), were tested in 10Sc1CeSZ (scandia and ceria stabilized zirconia) based electrolysis cells and electrochemically evaluated. In all the samples, the impedance response at OCV is characterized by a small arc at high frequencies around 10 kHz assigned to the Ni/YSZ polarization and a larger arc at low frequencies at about 200 Hz associated with the oxygen electrode. Lower polarization resistances were found for the LSCF electrode. Good performance in electrolysis mode was measured at an operating temperature of 800 °C and using 70% H2O at the Ni/YSZ cathode. Area specific resistance (ASR) values of 0.93 and 0.79 Ω.cm2 were obtained for the LSM/YSZ and the LSCF samples respectively. After operation, we have observed a ∼10% increase in the ohmic resistance for the LSM/YSZ sample. This degradation was studied by both X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. LSM/YSZ and LSCF are suggested as good candidates for oxygen electrodes in high temperature electrolysis cells. Finally, good electrochemical performance was also observed in reversible fuel cell mode.
Algorand (2017)

Algorand is a new cryptocurrency that confirms transactions with latency on the order of a minute while scaling to many users. Algorand ensures that users never have divergent views of confirmed transactions, even if some of the users are malicious and the network is temporarily partitioned. In contrast, existing cryptocurrencies allow for temporary forks and therefore require a long time, on the order of an hour, to confirm transactions with high confidence.
Evaluation of accelerated motion-compensated 3d water/fat late gadolinium enhanced MR for atrial wall imaging (2021)

The motion-compensated water/fat LGE method enables atrial wall imaging with diagnostic quality comparable to the current conventional approach with a significantly shorter scan of about 5 min.
Ultrahigh molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) as an electron-beam resist (1983)

Ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) produced by plasma-initiated polymerization was investigated for its suitability as an electron-beam resist. Patterns exposed in this material at low to moderate doses (&amp;lt;5×10−6 C/cm2) displayed distorted features after development in a 1:1 mixture of methyl ethyl ketone and isopropanol. The distorted features are believed to originate from a combination of pattern swelling and stress relief.
Cloned embryonic DNA sequences flanking the mouse immunoglobulin C<sub>γ3</sub>and C<sub>γ1</sub>genes (1980)

To investigate the DNA surrounding genes for immunoglobulin heavy chain constant (CH) regions, we have isolated two clones bearing a C gamma 3 gene and two bearing a C gamma 1 gene from a library of mouse embryo DNA fragments. The C gamma 3 clones span 8.6 kilobase pairs (kb) on the 5' side of the gene and 6.7 kb on its 3' side, while the C gamma 1 clones together span 13 kb of 5' flanking sequence and 2.5 kb of 3' flanking sequence. Restriction mapping of the C gamma 3 gene indicates that intervening sequences divide the gene into segments of domain size, as in other CH genes. Hybridization of clone fragments to restriction digests of mouse DNA indicates that both the C gamma 1 and C gamma 3 genes probably occur as single copies in the genome. Moreover, the entire cloned sequences on the 5' side of both genes appear to be unique in the genome, indicating that no large common sequences flank CH genes. Restriction data suggest that the C gamma 3 gene is 37-40 kb 5' to the C gamma 1 gene.
Visualization of suspicious lesions in breast MRI based on intelligent neural systems (2006)

Intelligent medical systems based on supervised and unsupervised
artificial neural networks are applied to the automatic visualization and classification of suspicious lesions in breast MRI. These systems
represent an important component of future sophisticated 
computer-aided diagnosis systems and enable the extraction of spatial and temporal features of dynamic MRI data stemming from patients with confirmed lesion diagnosis. By taking into account the heterogenity of the cancerous tissue, these techniques reveal the malignant, benign and normal kinetic signals and and provide a regional subclassification of pathological breast tissue. Intelligent medical systems are expected to have substantial implications in healthcare politics by contributing to the diagnosis of indeterminate breast lesions by non-invasive imaging.
Multi‐resonant capacitive microelectromechanical system switch with high isolation for ultra‐wideband applications (2013)

A multi‐resonant capacitive microelectromechanical system switch with wide bandwidth and high isolation has been successfully designed and fabricated for ultra‐wideband applications. To achieve high isolation and wide operation frequency bandwidth, three capacitive shunt‐connected membranes and meander‐shaped inductors with several inductances were utilised in serial connection. Moreover, for achieving a large ‘ON’/‘OFF’ capacitance ratio, a high dielectric aluminium nitride (AlN) film was applied. The measured dielectric relative constant and tangent loss of the AlN film were 8.8 and 0.008, respectively. The capacitive switch has the ‘ON’/‘OFF’ capacitance ratio of 59.6 with the measured capacitances of 52 fF and 3.1 pF at ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ states, respectively. The three resonant frequencies were formed at 4, 5 and 6.5 GHz, and the isolation performances were over 30 dB at the frequencies ranging from 5 to 10 GHz and 70 dB at 6.5 GHz. The size of the fabricated switch was ∼1.4 × 1.7 × 0.0083 (height) mm 3 .
On the Subexponential Decay of Detection Error Probabilities in Long Tandems (2008)

We consider the problem of Bayesian decentralized binary hypothesis testing in a network of sensors arranged in a tandem. We show that the rate of error probability decay is always subexponential, establishing the validity of a long-standing conjecture. Under the additional assumption of bounded Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergences, we show that for all <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> > 1/2, the error probability is Omega( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</i> ), where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> is a positive constant. Furthermore, the bound Omega( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> (log <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> ) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> ) , for all <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> > 1, holds under an additional mild condition on the distributions. This latter bound is shown to be tight.
Strain-specific expression of microglial keratan sulfate proteoglycans in the normal rat central nervous system: Inverse correlation with constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens (1996)

We have recently demonstrated that a novel type of keratan sulfate proteoglycan (KSPG) identified by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5D4 is expressed on ramified microglia but downregulated coincident with T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammation of the spinal cord in Lewis (LEW) rats. In this study we show by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis that various inbred rat strains differ significantly in their constitutive expression of KSPG on ramified microglia in the normal CNS. Microglial KSPG was high in LEW and Fischer 344 rats but low in DA, Brown Norway (BN), and PVG rats. The KSPG low-expressing strains exhibited constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens on ramified microglia that was not detectable in the KSPG high-expressing strains. Thus, an inverse correlation between constitutive KSPG and MHC class II expression was present. The KSPG-low-/MHC class II-positive phenotype is associated with resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in BN and PVG, but not DA rats. These findings suggest a significant impact of genetic factors on the molecular differentiation of resident macrophages in the CNS.
Maximum electric and magnetic field strengths at a given distance from some ideal antennas (2008)

This paper is about the computation of the maximum electric and magnetic field strengths at a given distance of an antenna, close to the antenna, the maximum being taken over all orientations. We provide closed-form expressions for the maximum field strengths produced in free space by three important ideal antennas: the electric Hertzian dipole, the magnetic Hertzian dipole, and the half-wave dipole.
Real-time fluorescence imaging with 20 nm axial resolution (2015)

Measuring the nanoscale organization of protein structures near the plasma membrane of live cells is challenging, especially when the structure is dynamic. Here we present the development of a two-wavelength total internal reflection fluorescence method capable of real-time imaging of cellular structure height with nanometre resolution. The method employs a protein of interest tagged with two different fluorophores and imaged to obtain the ratio of emission in the two channels. We use this approach to visualize the nanoscale organization of microtubules and endocytosis of the epidermal growth factor receptor.
Assuring Accurate Model Calibration (1985)

Water distribution system models are only as good as the data with which they are calibrated. Simply comparing predicted and observed pressures during normal use cannot ensure accuracy. Some tips for calibration are presented.