gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Computerized Learning Program Exposes Veterinary Students to Challenging International Animal-Health Problems (2007)

This article describes a computerized case-based CD-ROM (CD) on international animal health that was developed to give veterinary students an opportunity to "virtually" work alongside veterinarians and other veterinary students as they try to solve challenging disease problems relating to tuberculosis in South African wildlife, bovine abortion in Mexico, and neurologic disease in horses in Rapa Nui, Chile. Each of the three case modules presents, in a highly interactive format, a problem or mystery that must be solved by the learner. As well as acquiring information via video clips and text about the specific health problem, learners obtain information about the different countries, animal-management practices, diagnostic methods, related disease-control issues, economic factors, and the opinions of local experts. After assimilating this information, the learner must define the problem and formulate an action plan or make a recommendation or diagnosis. The computerized program invokes three principles of adult education: active learning, learner-centered education, and experiential learning. A medium that invokes these principles is a potentially efficient learning tool and template for developing other case-based problem-solving computerized programs. The program is accessible on the World Wide Web at <http://www.calf.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/html/International_web/international_menu.html>. A broadband Internet connection is recommended, since the modules make extensive use of embedded video and audio clips. Information on how to obtain the CD is also provided.
TANTALUM ROD FOR THE TREATMENT OF HUMERAL NON-UNION IN THE ELDERLY (2006)

Introduction: Non union of the humerus in the ostoeportic bone is a great challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. The non weight bearing nature of this bone together with extreme osteoporosis seen in the elderly had rendered a high degree of failure in different modes of internal fixation of established humeral non union. Tantalum is a trabecullar metal with biomechanical properties similar to bone with a high modulus of elasticity and low rigidity. It is proved both in vitro and in vivo to induce excellent bone and vascular in growth and have been used successfully treating other application in orthopedics. We have introduced the tantalum rod for the treatment of humeral non union in the elderly. Patients and Methods: Six patients with humeral non-union were selected for tantalum rod implantations. All were above 60 years old. All patients had established non and 4 had failures after previous osteosynthesis. The surgical technique was exploration of the fracture site via a posterior or an anterolateral approach, debridement of the fracture site and intramedullary insertion of a 100 mm x 10 mm tantalum rod. No bone grafting was used. Ancillary fixation included a 4.5 broad DCP plate with screws drilled into both bone and rod or screws alone drilled into the bone and tantalum construct. Follow up period was up to one year. Results: All fractures united clinically and radiographicaly up to 3 months. All patients achieved satisfactory shoulder and elbow range of motion and regained functional activity. No infection or foreign body reaction was noted. Conclusion: Intramedullary tantalum rodding is a viable treatment option for the cases in both primary and secondary non union of the humeral shaft in osteoporotic bone.
Construction of an inducible amyloid expression circuit in <i>Bacillus megaterium:</i> A case study with CsgA and TasA (2019)

Abstract Environmental applications of synthetic biology such as water remediation require engineered strains to function robustly in a fluctuating and potentially hostile environment. The construction of synthetic biofilm formation circuits could potentially alleviate this issue by promoting cell survival. Towards this end, we construct a xylose-inducible system for the expression of the functional amyloids CsgA and TasA in the soil bacterium Bacillus megaterium . We find that although both amyloids are expressed, only TasA is successfully exported from the cells. Furthermore, expression of CsgA results in a significant growth penalty for the cells while expression of TasA does not. Finally, we show that TasA expression conveys a small but detectable increase in cells’ adhesion to nickel beads. These results suggest that TasA is a promising candidate for future work on synthetic biofilm formation in B. megaterium .
Grass roots chemistry: <i>meta</i> -Tyrosine, an herbicidal nonprotein amino acid (2007)

Fine fescue grasses displace neighboring plants by depositing large quantities of an aqueous phytotoxic root exudate in the soil rhizosphere. Via activity-guided fractionation, we have isolated and identified the nonprotein amino acid m-tyrosine as the major active component. m-Tyrosine is significantly more phytotoxic than its structural isomers o- and p-tyrosine. We show that m-tyrosine exposure results in growth inhibition for a wide range of plant species and propose that the release of this nonprotein amino acid interferes with root development of competing plants. Acid hydrolysis of total root protein from Arabidopsis thaliana showed incorporation of m-tyrosine, suggesting this as a possible mechanism of phytotoxicity. m-Tyrosine inhibition of A. thaliana root growth is counteracted by exogenous addition of protein amino acids, with phenylalanine having the most significant effect. The discovery of m-tyrosine, as well as a further understanding of its mode(s) of action, could lead to the development of biorational approaches to weed control.
Communication-Free Current Sharing Control Strategy for DC Microgrids and Its Application for AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids (2019)

The load sharing in the DC microgrids is affected by the practical factors such as the cable resistances and changes in the system topology. This paper presents a new control algorithm for the application in the DC microgrids to achieve accurate load distribution between droop controlled converters. An identical steady state voltage feedback is used for all droop controlled converters to ensure accurate current sharing. The information about the common voltage is obtained by means of the proposed communication-less control strategy. The proposed strategy does not require prior information about the grid topology and parameters. Therefore, it is applicable to both single- and multi-bus microgrids. The conducted stability analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach and the conventional droop control deomstrate similiar dynamic performance. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has a potential to enhance the operation of the Interlinking Converters in the hybrid AC/DC microgrids. A comprehensive nonlinear simulation study is conducted in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed communication-less control scheme to enable proper load distribution between droop controlled converters as well as enhance the load sharing between AC and DC microgrids. Finally, the proposed control approach is verified using an OPAL-RT setup.
Finding &amp; evaluating community policing apps in Asia (2020)

The ubiquity of mobile devices creates new opportunities for the police to engage with citizens anywhere and anytime. However, there is limited academic work evaluating these technologies. This paper reports on a review study of Android community policing (CP) apps used in Asia. Our study indicates that in the absence of guidance, finding appropriate Asian CP apps is challenging. This paper reports the descriptive app Store characteristics, functionalities, communication channels, and privacy features of CP apps. We conclude with some design implications and call for developing a standardized app store description system and an evaluation model to help users find and select appropriate CP apps.
Investigation into the Mechanism(s) That Leads to Platelet Decreases in Cynomolgus Monkeys During Administration of ISIS 104838, a 2ʹ-MOE-Modified Antisense Oligonucleotide (2018)

ISIS 104838, a 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE)-modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), causes a moderate, reproducible, dose-dependent, but selflimiting decrease in platelet (PLT) counts in monkeys and humans. To determine the etiology of PLT decrease in cynomolgus monkeys, a 12-week repeat dose toxicology study in 5 cynomolgus monkeys given subcutaneous injections of ISIS 104838 (30-60 mg/kg/week). Monkeys were also injected intravenously with 111Indium(In)-oxine-labeled PLTs to investigate PLT sequestration. In response to continued dosing, PLT counts were decreased by 50%-90% by day 30 in all monkeys. PLT decreases were accompanied by 2- to 4.5-fold increases in immunoglobulin M(IgM), which were typified by a 2- to 5-fold increase in antiplatelet factor 4 (antiPF4) IgM and antiPLT IgM, respectively. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 increased upon dosing of ISIS 104838, concomitant with a 2- to 6-fold increase in monocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), indicating monocyte activation but not PLT activation. Despite a 2- to 3-fold increase in von Willebrand factor antigen in all monkeys following ASO administration, only 2 monkeys showed a 2- to 4-fold increase in endothelial EVs. Additionally, a ∼60 - 80%% increase in PLT sequestration in liver and spleen was also observed. Collectively, these results suggest the overall increase in total IgM, antiPLT IgM and/or antiPF4 IgM, in concert with monocyte activation contributed to increased PLT sequestration in spleen and liver, leading to decreased PLTs in peripheral blood.
New trends in deterministic lower bounds and SNR threshold estimation: from derivable bounds to conjectural bounds (2010)

International audience
Persistent β<sub>2</sub>*-Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (2012)

Depressed patients have lower β2*-nAChR availability than do healthy subjects. The difference between β2*-nAChR availability in vivo and in post-mortem samples may be analogous to data with dopaminergic PET ligands and dopamine receptor availability; lower receptor availability for the SPECT ligand could be caused by greater endogenous acetylcholine.
Polishing of pre-polished CVD ZnS flats with altered magnetorheological (MR) fluids (2004)

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid composition and chemistry were altered to study the finishing of pre-polished CVD ZnS flats. Surface roughness did not exceed 2 nm rms after removing as much as 2 μm of material.
Les microréacteurs monolithiques à flux améliorent la synthèse en chimie fine (2015)

National audience
Evaluating Compositional Variation in InGaAs Random Alloys Using Atom Probe Tomography (2018)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Simulating Temporal User Activity on Social Networks with Sequence to Sequence Neural Models (2020)

The prediction of long-term activities of groups of users and clusters of activities around a subject in social networks is a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel temporal neural network framework that tracks user engagement and activity associated with particular subjects (e.g. CVE IDs) across online platforms. The framework is able to simulate which user will do what activity and at what time. Furthermore, this framework captures groups of users reacting to an event. It also captures responses to an event on a platform and the influence of the event on activity on other platforms over time. The proposed framework aims to predict future user activity related to specific subjects across platforms. The framework also illustrates the importance influence of activities that occur on other platforms when predicting user activity for particular events on a different platform. The learned model can do simulations in a timely manner. We evaluated our user group activity prediction method on the CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) related user groups (software vulnerability) using 3 public online social network datasets: Github, Reddit, and Twitter. Groups of users who work on a particular CVE ID are identified. Each user group has information on all users' activities related to a CVE ID. The 3 datasets from Github, Reddit, and Twitter contain more than 490,000 cross platform activities related to over 20,000 user groups (CVE IDs) from more than 50,000 users. Compared to the proposed baseline, our simulation method is better in both predictions of total activity volume over time and activity associated with an individual CVE ID.
A Chiral Bis(arsine) Ligand: Synthesis and Applications in Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations (2013)

The new chiral bis(arsine) ligand N,N′-bis[2′-(diphenylarsino)benzoyl]-(1R,2R)-cyclohexanediamine (BiAsBA, 3), based on the backbone of the Trost modular ligand (TML), was synthesized in three steps. A useful approach to introduce the −AsPh2 group on arsine ligands by Pd-catalyzed arsination was used. The molecular structure and configuration of the BiAsBA ligand was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In the asymmetric allylic alkylation of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate very high to complete conversion and modest enantioselectivity were achieved. Despite the low enantioselectivity obtained, the bis(arsine) ligand BiAsBA showed significant potential, since it provided a higher ee value than the phosphorus-containing homologous “Trost standard ligand” (TSL) with the same substrate.
Computer vision based algorithm to support correct electrode placement for home-based non-invasive electric brain stimulation (2023)

Abstract Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), such as transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), has been proposed as a promising treatment strategy for neuropsychiatric pathologies in addition to conventional methods. To achieve a larger outreach and ensure regular, high-frequency treatment exposure, home-based, self-applied solutions have been promoted as a new strategy. There are currently no available solutions to assess the correct placement of tES electrodes at home or to guide patients during the self-application process. To address these challenges, we have developed and tested an easy-to-use and cost-effective tool to monitor cap placement performance and support patients at home. Thirty-six healthy participants took part in this study. We compared their cap placement performance with the performance of a NIBS-expert investigator, testing participants’ placement accuracy with instructions before (Pre) and after the investigator’s placement (Post), as well as using the computer vision tool (Algorithm). For feasibility evaluation of this novel technique, user experience (UX) and confidence levels were tested. Permutation tests showed that cap placement accuracy performed with the Algorithm were significantly closer in 3D space to the expert investigator’s placement compared with the Pre. The UX questionnaire and subjective measures of ease of use and usefulness of the algorithm were satisfactory. The algorithm decreases the variability of performance, ensures placement within the suggested maximum of deviation, and supports confidence of correct placement. We conclude that this novel technology adds distinguishable value to home-based self-applied set-ups in helping patients achieve correct electrode placement and guide them with real-time feedback. It also induces confidence in the patients and provides an exciting opportunity to further promote home-based, self-applied tES as cost-effective and safe adjunct treatment strategy, that can ensure high frequency treatment exposure while being easily integrated in patients’ daily life. Research Category and Technology and Methods Translational Research: 9. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Keywords: home-based NIBS, electrode localisation algorithm, real-time feedback, confidence
Evaluation of Combination DNA/Replication-Competent Ad-SIV Recombinant Immunization Regimens in Rhesus Macaques (2004)

Combination vaccine regimens in which priming with recombinant DNA is followed by boosting with recombinant viral vectors have been shown in previous studies to effectively enhance cellular immunity. However, no information exists concerning possible synergy of the cellular immune response when DNA immunization is followed by administration of a recombinant vector able to replicate. As our approach makes use of replication-competent Ad HIV and SIV recombinants, we performed a pilot experiment in six rhesus macaques in which we compared immunogenicity resulting from priming with one or two DNA recombinants encoding the SIVsmH4 env and rev genes with that elicited by a single replication-competent Ad5hr-SIV env/rev priming immunization. All macaques were subsequently administered an Ad5hr-SIV env/rev booster immunization followed by two immunizations with SIV gp120 protein. The choice of the env gene as target immunogen allowed comparison of induced cellular immune responses as well as binding and neutralizing antibodies elicited in serum and mucosal secretions. We report here that all immunized monkeys developed strong cellular immunity to the SIV envelope as shown by secretion of interferon-gamma, lysis of envelope-expressing target cells, and/or proliferation in response to gp120 or inactivated SIV. Similarly, all macaques developed anti-gp120 binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in serum and IgG and IgA binding antibodies in mucosal secretions. We did not observe consistently enhanced immune responses in any immunization group. We conclude that two sequential immunizations with the same replication-competent Ad5hr-SIV recombinant is as effective as priming with one or two recombinant DNA vaccines followed by a single Ad5hrSIV recombinant immunization.
<i>MYCN</i> drives chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer while USP7 inhibition can restore chemosensitivity (2020)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine cancer characterized by initial chemosensitivity followed by emergence of chemoresistant disease. To study roles for <i>MYCN</i> amplification in SCLC progression and chemoresistance, we developed a genetically engineered mouse model of <i>MYCN</i>-overexpressing SCLC. In treatment-naïve mice, <i>MYCN</i> overexpression promoted cell cycle progression, suppressed infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, and accelerated SCLC. <i>MYCN</i> overexpression also suppressed response to cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy, with similar findings made upon <i>MYCL</i> overexpression. We extended these data to genetically perturb chemosensitive patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of SCLC. In chemosensitive PDX models, overexpression of either <i>MYCN</i> or <i>MYCL</i> also conferred a switch to chemoresistance. To identify therapeutic strategies for <i>MYCN</i>-overexpressing SCLC, we performed a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA screen. We identified the deubiquitinase USP7 as a <i>MYCN</i>-associated synthetic vulnerability. Pharmacological inhibition of USP7 resensitized chemoresistant <i>MYCN</i>-overexpressing PDX models to chemotherapy in vivo. Our findings show that <i>MYCN</i> overexpression drives SCLC chemoresistance and provide a therapeutic strategy to restore chemosensitivity.
Effects of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde on Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells (2006)

This study shows that concentrations of AC, which occur in vivo after the ingestion of alcoholic beverages, result in the formation of ROS in rat hepatic stellate cells. The increases in ROS are known to activate stellate cells promoting fibrogenesis.
Dynamics of electrospinning of poly(caprolactone) via a multi‐nozzle spinneret connected to a twin screw extruder and properties of electrospun fibers (2012)

Abstract Conventional electrospinning is a simple process, suitable for the processing of solvated polymers at relatively low rates. It lacks the capabilities of conveying of solids, mixing of polymeric resins and devolatilization and has limited capabilities in melting and incorporation of fillers, including nanoparticles. The use of a twin screw extruder as the front end of the electrospinning process provides these capabilities but only becomes feasible at relatively high throughput rates. Such high rates of electrospinning can only be achieved by using multi‐nozzle spinnerets. However, the dynamics of electrospinning processes using multi‐nozzle spinnerets has not been well studied. Here a multi‐nozzle spinneret attached to a hybrid twin screw extrusion and electrospinning apparatus was employed for the characterization of the dynamics in terms of the electrospun mesh thickness distributions of poly(caprolactone), PCL, as a function of the principal parameters of the electrospinning process, i.e., applied voltage, distance of separation between the spinneret die, and the collector, i.e., a conductive mandrel, and its rotational speed. PCL fiber diameter and orientation distributions, as well as the thickness, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the non‐woven meshes, were characterized to gain a basic understanding of how the electrospun mesh properties develop as a function of process parameters in the multi‐nozzle configuration. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
T Cell Determinants Incorporating β-Amino Acid Residues Are Protease Resistant and Remain Immunogenic In Vivo (2005)

A major hurdle in designing successful epitope-based vaccines resides in the delivery, stability, and immunogenicity of the peptide immunogen. The short-lived nature of unmodified peptide-based vaccines in vivo limits their therapeutic application in the immunotherapy of cancers and chronic viral infections as well as their use in generating prophylactic immunity. The incorporation of beta-amino acids into peptides decreases proteolysis, yet its potential application in the rational design of T cell mimotopes is poorly understood. To address this, we have replaced each residue of the SIINFEKL epitope individually with the corresponding beta-amino acid and examined the resultant efficacy of these mimotopes. Some analogs displayed similar MHC binding and superior protease stability compared with the native epitope. Importantly, these analogs were able to generate cross-reactive CTLs in vivo that were capable of lysing tumor cells that expressed the unmodified epitope as a surrogate tumor Ag. Structural analysis of peptides in which anchor residues were substituted with beta-amino acids revealed the basis for enhanced MHC binding and retention of immunogenicity observed for these analogs and paves the way for future vaccine design using beta-amino acids. We conclude that the rational incorporation of beta-amino acids into T cell determinants is a powerful alternative to the traditional homologous substitution of randomly chosen naturally occurring alpha-amino acids, and these mimotopes may prove particularly useful for inclusion in epitope-based vaccines.