gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chooz A, First Pressurized Water Reactor to be Dismantled in France - 13445 (2013)

Nine commercial nuclear power plants have been permanently shut down in France to date, of which the Chooz A plant underwent an extensive decommissioning and dismantling program. Chooz Nuclear Power Station is located in the municipality of Chooz, Ardennes region, in the northeast part of France. Chooz B1 and B2 are 1,500 megawatt electric (MWe) pressurized water reactors (PWRs) currently in operation. Chooz A, a 305 MWe PWR implanted in two caves within a hill, began operations in 1967 and closed in 1991, and will now become the first PWR in France to be fully dismantled. EDF CIDEN (Engineering Center for Dismantling and Environment) has awarded Westinghouse a contract for the dismantling of its Chooz A reactor vessel (RV). The project began in January 2010. Westinghouse is leading the project in a consortium with Nuvia France. The project scope includes overall project management, conditioning of the reactor vessel (RV) head, RV and RV internals segmentation, reactor nozzle cutting for lifting the RV out of the pit and seal it afterwards, dismantling of the RV thermal insulation, ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) forecast to ensure acceptable doses for the personnel, complementary vacuum cleaner to catch the chips during the segmentation work, needs and facilities, waste characterization and packaging, civil work modifications, licensing documentation. The RV and RV internals will be segmented based on the mechanical cutting technology that Westinghouse applied successfully for more than 13 years. The segmentation activities cover the cutting and packaging plan, tooling design and qualification, personnel training and site implementation. Since Chooz A is located inside two caves, the project will involve waste transportation from the reactor cave through long galleries to the waste buffer area. The project will end after the entire dismantling work is completed, and the waste storage is outside the caves and ready to be shipped either to the ANDRA (French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency) waste disposal facilities – (for low-level waste [LLW] and very low-level waste [VLLW], which are considered short lived) – or to the EDF Interim Storage Facility planned to be built on another site – (for low- and intermediate-level waste [LILW], which is considered long lived). The project has started with a detailed conceptual study that determines the step-by-step approach for dismantling the reactor and eventually supplying the packed containers ready for final disposal. All technical reports must be verified and approved by EDF and the French Nuclear Safety Authority before receiving the authorization to start the site work. The detailed conceptual study has been completed to date and equipment design and manufacturing is ongoing.
Optimal array combiner and sequence detector in mobile radio channels (2002)

The use of spatial diversity at the receiver front-end together with a sequence detector implies a joint design problem of the spatial combiner and the sequence detector impulse response. This joint design is usually faced under the constraint that the impulse response of the sequence detector is matched to the channel and combiner response. This procedure maximizes the signal to noise ratio at the input of the detector but, as it is well known, this does not guarantee a minimum probability of error, which is more related to the so-called effective signal to noise ratio. This work presents a procedure that, starting from a simple structure for the space-time receiver aims directly at the maximization of the effective signal to noise ratio, yet preserving all the features of the spatial processor in terms of co-channel and high order intersymbol interference rejection.
Züchtung und Evaluierung von Schwarz- und Balsampappelklonen hinsichtlich Ertrag und Blattrosttoleranz in vier FastWOOD Versuchsserien (2018)

Vorgestellt werden Ergebnisse aus Pappelklonprüfungen, deren Material im Verbundprojekt FastWOOD speziell für die Biomasseproduktion in Kurzumtriebsplantagen (KUP) selektiert und teils neu gezüchtet wurde. Seit 2010 wurden in vier Versuchsserien insgesamt 16 Versuchsflächen zur Beobachtung im dreijährigen Rotationszyklus verteilt über ganz Deutschland angelegt. In den Serien wurden 110 Klone aus Arten und Hybriden der Sektionen Aigeiros und Tacamahaca zusammen mit einem Set von bis zu 12 Standardklonen getestet. Beobachtet werden neben dem Hauptmerkmal Biomasseleistung weitere, für den erfolgreichen Betrieb einer KUP wichtige Parameter. Hierzu zählen besonders Toleranzeigenschaften gegenüber Pflanzenpathogenen, wie dem Erreger des Pappelblattrosts Melampsora larici-populina. Die Versuchsflächen der ersten Serien 603 und 604 wurden bereits über zwei Rotationszyklen hinweg beobachtet. Sie zeigen im Mittel deutliche Ertragszunahmen von der ersten zur zweiten Rotation. Zahlreiche Klone haben über beide Umtriebszeiten hinweg ihre Überlegenheit zur Kontrolle, dem bewährten Klon ‘Max 1‘, bewiesen. Auch die Toleranzeigenschaften dieser wüchsigen Klone gegenüber dem Pappelblattrost Melampsora larici-populina zeigten sich im Vergleich zum jeweiligen Serienmittel und auch zu ‚Max 1‘ als teilweise deutlich besser. Über alle Serien hinweg sind der überwiegende Teil dieser überlegenen Klone Balsampappelhybriden aus der Kreuzungskombination P. maximowiczii × P. trichocarpa. In der jüngsten Serie 606 ergaben sich bereits in der ersten Rotation mit einem Mittel von 6,14 tatro ha-1 a-1 deutlich überdurchschnittliche Biomasseerträge im Vergleich aller Serien.
Power Doppler signals after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma predict local recurrence of tumors: a prospective study using 199 consecutive patients (2001)

Residual Doppler signals in tumor after PEIT were related to the local HCC recurrence.
Potassium Ion Fluorescence Probes: Structures, Properties and Bioimaging (2020)

Abstract As one of the most important minerals in the body, potassium is vital for the heart and neurons. Methods that can non‐invasively and accurately monitor changes in potassium balances would benefit disease diagnoses as well as offer insight into pathologies. Among the sensing approaches, fluorescent probes serve as a unique detection method for its simplicity, tunable detection range, and bioimaging ability. The design of new probes with highly selective K + receptors and transduction functionality remains a challenge that is motivated by numerous sensing and detection applications. In this minireview, fluoroionophores are summarized that undergo transduction, producing fluorescence signals when interacting with, e. g., potassium ions. The properties of ionophores (afford selective interaction with potassium) and fluorophores (generate signal read‐out) are discussed. Molecular structure design and sensing mechanisms are included along with cell imaging applications. The selectivity towards K + and the absorption/emission characteristics of the probes are of particular interest.
Automated Measurement of Skull Thickness in Surgical Planning for Implantation of Bone-Anchored Hearing Aids (2007)

Purpose: Multiple surgical procedures at the lateral and frontal skull base require the insertion of skull-anchored implants such as bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHAs), epithesis or osteosynthesis material, or even bone-coupled reference arrays for intraoperative navigation. This procedure implies the risk of penetration of the skull with consecutive meningitis or cerebral abscesses. In principle, navigation technology provides the possibility to define regions of safety preoperatively and to relocate them intraoperatively in order to increase therapy safety.
Application of a transmission line model to impedance studies on a poly(vinylferrocene)-modified electrode (1993)

The impedance of a poly(vinylferrocene)-modified electrode fits a transmission line model that has two resistances R1 and R2 and a capacitance CΣ. The low-frequency resistance, R1, passes through a minimum as the coat is oxidised. This is explained in terms of bimolecular electron-exchange reactions between redox centres. The redox composition of the coat can be determined from values of R1. The high-frequency resistance, R2, decreases as the coat is oxidised, which is explained by the build up of the anion concentration. A theoretical description, including the development of Donnan exclusion, is presented. The theory divides the coat into two phases, the polymer and the aqueous pores. The Donnan potential at the polymer/electrolyte interface can be calculated from results for R2 and R1. The capacitance CΣ does not contain a significant Feldberg capacitance. As the coat is oxidised, the capacitance passes through a maximum. This behaviour is described with a Nernst term and a Donnan term describing the charging of the electrode/polymer and of the polymer/electrolyte interfaces, respectively. By combining all the results, values for the ratio of the volume of the polymer phase to that of the aqueous pores, for the thickness, L, of the coat and for D which describes the electron-exchange process can be obtained. From the value for D a value for k, the second-order rate constant describing the electron exchange, can be deduced.
An Efficient Large Scale Synthesis of Nateglinide. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Migraine is associated with greater sensitivity to melanopsin and cone stimulation (2019)

Light sensitivity between headache attacks is a common symptom of migraine, but its photoreceptor basis is unknown. We measured discomfort and physiologic responses in migraineurs to cone- and melanopsin-directed stimulation (Pre-registration: https://osf.io/qjxdf/).
Ceramic transactions: Challenges in ceramic product development, manufacture, and commercialization. Volume 66 (1996)

Reports are presented from the 97th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, on Challenges in Ceramic Product Development, Manufacturing, and Commercialization. Individual papers have been processed separately for the United States Department of Energy databases.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Protected N‐(2‐Nitrophenylsulfonyl)hydroxylamines: Novel Reagents for the Synthesis of Hydroxamates. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 12024: Galectin 4 Is Associated With Incident Stroke - The Malmö Preventive Project Study (2021)

Introduction: Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a small protein in the gastrointestinal tract. It has been implicated in diabetes mellitus, incident coronary events, incident heart failure as well as all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, possible associations of Gal-4 with stroke have not yet been examined. Hypothesis: We explored if Gal-4 is associated with prevalent and incident stroke in a large population cohort. Methods: Gal-4 was analyzed by the proximity extension assay technique in 1737 participants from a subsample of the population-based Malmö Preventive Project (mean age 67 years, 29% women). Stroke was defined as all strokes (ischemic, hemorrhagic and undefined). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied for prevalent stroke (n=72). Prior to analyses of incident stroke, cases of prevalent stroke were excluded. Multivariate Cox regression models were applied for incident stroke. Results: Gal-4 levels were significantly higher in subjects with prevalent stroke (p=0.003) than in subjects free from prevalent stroke. Gal-4 (per doubling of concentration) was significantly associated with prevalent stroke in age and sex adjusted models (odds ratio 1.49; 95% confidence interval (1.04-2.14); p=0.032), but the associations was no longer significant upon further adjustment for traditional risk factors for stroke (OR 1.22 (0.82-1.82), p=0.339). Further, each doubling in Gal-4 concentration was associated with higher risk of incident stroke (n=1604; 327 events; median follow up time 12.6 (interquartile range 10.0-13.6) years; hazard ratio 1.24 (1.02-1.49); p=0.027) in a model adjusted for BMI, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, prevalent coronary events and anti-hypertensive treatment. Conclusions: In a large population cohort, Gal-4 was associated with incident stroke during a follow-up of 12 years, further implicating a role of Gal-4 in both cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
La reproduction de la daurade (Sparus aurata) et du Bar (Dicentrachus Labrax) : connaissance du cycle sexuel et contrôle de la gamétogenèse et de la ponte (1984)

National audience
A Quasi-Steady Flexible Launch Vehicle Stability Analysis Using Steady CFD with Unsteady Aerodynamic Enhancement (2011)

Launch vehicles frequently experience a reduced stability margin through the transonic Mach number range. This reduced stability margin is caused by an undamping of the aerodynamics in one of the lower frequency flexible or rigid body modes. Analysis of the behavior of a flexible vehicle is routinely performed with quasi-steady aerodynamic lineloads derived from steady rigid computational fluid dynamics (CFD). However, a quasi-steady aeroelastic stability analysis can be unconservative at the critical Mach numbers where experiment or unsteady computational aeroelastic (CAE) analysis show a reduced or even negative aerodynamic damping. This paper will present a method of enhancing the quasi-steady aeroelastic stability analysis of a launch vehicle with unsteady aerodynamics. The enhanced formulation uses unsteady CFD to compute the response of selected lower frequency modes. The response is contained in a time history of the vehicle lineloads. A proper orthogonal decomposition of the unsteady aerodynamic lineload response is used to reduce the scale of data volume and system identification is used to derive the aerodynamic stiffness, damping and mass matrices. The results of the enhanced quasi-static aeroelastic stability analysis are compared with the damping and frequency computed from unsteady CAE analysis and from a quasi-steady analysis. The results show that incorporating unsteady aerodynamics in this way brings the enhanced quasi-steady aeroelastic stability analysis into close agreement with the unsteady CAE analysis.
Synthesis, DNA-binding, and Antiviral Activity of Certain Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Derivatives (2000)

Some new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives have been prepared and tested for their antiviral and DNA-binding activities. Compounds 4, 5, and 6 showed high binding affinity to DNA at concentrations of 19, 27, and 28 micrograms/ml, respectively. On the other hand, compounds 6 and 10 reduced the number of viral plaques of Herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) by 66 and 41%, respectively. The detailed synthesis and spectroscopic and biological data are reported.
Water Uptake of Poly(2-<i>N</i>-Alkyl-2-Oxazoline)s: Temperature-Dependent Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis (2DCOS) (2012)

A library of poly(2-oxazoline)s with varying length of the alkyl side-chain has been investigated by variable-temperature Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. These polymers are suitable for studies of structure-property relationships as their cationic ring-opening polymerization and the relatively facile monomer synthesis enable a control of the molecular structure. In this contribution, the number of carbon atoms in the linear side-chain is systematically varied from a short methyl to a long nonyl group. Previous studies showed that the sample library can be split in two groups: poly(2-oxazoline)s with a short side-chain (methyl-, ethyl-, and isopropyl-) exhibit hygroscopic behavior, while those with longer side-groups (butyl- and longer) were found to be semi-crystalline. To gain further insight into the mechanisms of hydrogen bonding and crystallization, temperature-dependent infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been applied in the current study. The processes involved have been monitored by generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) and perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCMW2D) in the C=O stretching region around 1645 cm(-1). These advanced analysis techniques provided valuable additional information on the material behavior during heating. As water is removed from the samples in the course of the heating process, it was possible to clearly distinguish between "loosely associated" and hydrogen-bonded water. Furthermore, the melting process of the semi-crystalline samples could be depicted. For the poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) even a crystallization process could be monitored in the temperature range between glass transition and melting.
Urinary bladder segmentation in CT urography using deep‐learning convolutional neural network and level sets (2016)

The authors demonstrated that the DL-CNN can overcome the strong boundary between two regions that have large difference in gray levels and provides a seamless mask to guide level set segmentation, which has been a problem for many gradient-based segmentation methods. Compared to our previous CLASS with LCR method, which required two user inputs to initialize the segmentation, DL-CNN with level sets achieved better segmentation performance while using a single user input. Compared to the Haar-feature-based likelihood map, the DL-CNN-based likelihood map could guide the level sets to achieve better segmentation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of our new approach of using DL-CNN in combination with level sets for segmentation of the bladder.
Late administration of Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimic enhances diabetic complications (2013)

Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins (MnPs) have demonstrated protection in various conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), is a key pathological factors. MnPs can produce both pro-oxidative and antioxidative effects depending upon the cellular redox environment that they encounter. Previously we reported (Free Radic. Res. 39: 81-8, 2005) that when the treatment started at the onset of diabetes, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTM-2-PyP(5+) suppressed diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Diabetes, however, is rarely diagnosed at its onset. The aim of this study was to investigate if MnTM-2-PyP(5+) can suppress oxidative damage and prevent diabetic complications when administered more than a week after the onset of diabetes. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The MnP-based treatment started 8 days after the onset of diabetes and continued for 2 months. The effect of the treatment on activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glyoxalases I and II as well as malondialdehyde and GSH/GSSG ratio were determined in kidneys. Kidney function was assessed by measuring lysozyme and total protein in urine and blood urea nitrogen. Vascular damage was evaluated by assessing vascular reactivity. Our data showed that delayed administration of MnTM-2-PyP(5+) did not protect against oxidative damage and did not prevent diabetic complications. Moreover, MnTM-2-PyP(5+) contributed to the kidney damage, which seems to be a consequence of its pro-oxidative action. Such outcome can be explained by advanced oxidative damage which already existed at the moment the therapy with MnP started. The data support the concept that the overall biological effect of a redox-active MnP is determined by (i) the relative concentrations of oxidants and reductants, i.e. the cellular redox environment and (ii) MnP biodistribution.
Internet of medical things and trending converged technologies: A comprehensive review on real-time applications (2022)

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) facilitates patients with all-time-connected medical devices through cost-effective solutions and a feeling of comfort with round-the-clock hospital support. The patients who cannot visit hospitals for routine checkups prefer the usage of IoMT devices. The healthcare facilities also rely on the real-time statistics of IoMT machines and diagnose problems and their solutions within a small interval of time. This could only be possible when a robust convergence of technologies is used with IoMT devices. This review study discusses how we may apply the convergence of IoMT devices with trending technologies and focuses on delivering a new dimension of novel IoMT usage through broad multi-homing dense networks. It also discusses various applied machine learning algorithms available in the healthcare industry. It compares a variety of disease predictions and the accuracy of the equipment and decision recommendations. The review study also discusses various IoMT convergence open challenges and opportunities through the labor industry healthcare system.
Electrophysiologic and Functional Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Excitable Tissues: Heart and Brain (2001)

The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to be antiarrhythmic in animals and probably in humans. The PUFAs stabilize the electrical activity of isolated cardiac myocytes by inhibiting sarcolemmal ion channels, so that a stronger electrical stimulus is required to elicit an action potential and the relative refractory period is markedly prolonged. Inhibition of voltage dependent sodium currents which initiate action potentials in excitable tissues, and of the L-type calcium currents, which initiate release of sarcoplasmic calcium stores, that increase cytosolic free calcium concentrations and activate the contractile proteins in myocytes, appear at present to be the probable major antiarrhytmic mechanism of the PUFAs.
Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Enhanced Light Scattering and Improved Power Conversion Efficiency under Full Sun and Indoor Light Conditions (2020)

Improved photovoltaic performance under full sun (100 mW cm–2) and indoor light (1000 lux, CFL) conditions were achieved in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) through surface texturing of TiO2 photoanodes. Herein, surface roughness/imprints in the TiO2 layer was introduced through fugitive inclusions of ZnO microflowers leading to enhanced light scattering without adversely affecting the transparency. These imprints thus created acted as scattering centers enhancing light absorption leading to a 13 and 85% improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) under full sun and indoor light conditions, respectively. Detailed interfacial charge transfer studies were conducted to investigate the origin of variation in photovoltaic performance. Photoanode surface engineering led to the development of semi-transparent, bifacial DSSCs with the ability to work under both solar radiation and artificial/indoor lighting, enabling them to be used as facades for building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications.