gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides and their SAH hydrolase inhibitory activities (2000)

The cellular enzyme S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase has emerged as a target enzyme for the molecular design of anti-viral agents. Recently, SAH hydrolase has been considered as an attractive target in parasite chemotherapy for malaria. We report synthesis of several carbocyclic purine nucleosides and their inhibitory activities against human and malaria recombinant SAH hydrolases.
Novel Surface Modified Polymer Microneedle based Biosensors for Interstitial Fluid Glucose Detection (2019)

Fabrication and characterization of polymer microneedle arrays, compatible with in-vivo glucose sensing, is described. The process generates a polymer microneedle electrode array comprised of an on-chip working, counter and reference electrodes. Glucose oxidase was entrapped in an o-phenylenediamine/ sulphonated-β-cyclodextrin polymer matrix at working electrodes The sensor array demonstrated glucose detection over the range of 0.5 - 19.5 mM. An interference study and a preliminary cytotoxicity study were carried to assess the sensors potential for future use in interstitial fluid.
The multicluster architecture: reducing cycle time through partitioning (2002)

The multicluster architecture that we introduce offers a decentralized, dynamically scheduled architecture, in which the register files, dispatch queue, and functional units of the architecture are distributed across multiple clusters, and each cluster is assigned a subset of the architectural registers. The motivation for the multicluster architecture is to reduce the clock cycle time, relative to a single-cluster architecture with the same number of hardware resources, by reducing the size and complexity of components on critical timing paths. Resource partitioning, however, introduces instruction-execution overhead and may reduce the number of concurrently executing instructions. To counter these two negative by-products of partitioning, we developed a static instruction scheduling algorithm. We describe this algorithm, and using trace-driven simulations of SPEC92 benchmarks, evaluate its effectiveness. This evaluation indicates that for the configurations considered the multicluster architecture may have significant performance advantages at feature sizes below 0.35 /spl mu/m, and warrants further investigation.
Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation During Sevoflurane Anesthesia (1999)

We investigated dynamic cerebral pressure autoregulation awake and during 1.5 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) sevoflurane or isoflurane anesthesia in 16 patients undergoing nonintracranial neurosurgical procedures. All patients received a standardized anesthetic, and their lungs were ventilated with 1.5 MAC volatile anesthetic in 100% oxygen to normocapnia. Routine monitors included electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, end-tidal capnography, and continuous noninvasive blood pressure. In addition, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (Vmca) was measured continuously using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was tested by inducing a rapid transient decrease in mean arterial pressure by deflation of large thigh cuffs, which were placed around both thighs and inflated to 100 mm Hg above systolic pressure. The Vmca response to the decrease in blood pressure was fitted to a series of curves to determine the rate of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dRoR). Awake dRoR values were similar in the isoflurane and sevoflurane groups, 32 +/- 2%/s and 29 +/- 2%/s, respectively. dRoR decreased to 5 +/- 1%/s during isoflurane anesthesia but to only 24 +/- 2%/s during sevoflurane anesthesia. We conclude that dynamic cerebral autoregulation is better preserved during sevoflurane than isoflurane anesthesia in humans. Implications: We investigated the effect of sevoflurane and isoflurane on dynamic cerebral pressure autoregulation using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. At 1.5 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration, dynamic autoregulation was better preserved during sevoflurane than isoflurane anesthesia. (Anesth Analg 1999;88:341-5)
Impulse sampled FIR interpolation with SC active-delayedblock polyphase structures (1998)

The authors propose new switched-capacitor (SC) active-delayed block (ADB) polyphase structures for analogue finite impulse response (FIR) interpolation. Their system functions are not distorted by the input sample-and-hold filtering effect at the lower input sampling rate. Both canonic and non-canonic ADB polyphase architectures which are superior in terms of a lower speed requirement for OAs, and fewer OAs, respectively, will be proposed for SC FIR interpolators.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Diagnosis, Natural Course and Therapy (1996)

The hepatitis C virus is a 9.4-kb single-stranded positive RNA virus. After infection, more than 80% of patients develop a chronic carrier state. The diagnosis is based on the detection of hepatitis C virus antibodies and of HCV RNA. Recently, methods have been established to quantify HCV RNA levels and determine HCV genotypes. Interferon treatment gives long-term response in 10-20% of individuals. Low transaminase levels, low levels of viremia and low histological activity are positive predictive parameters for treatment response. In contrast, cirrhosis, high ferritin levels and associated markers of autoimmunity are negative predictors of treatment response. At present, the combination of interferon with the nucleoside analogue ribavirin is being evaluated. Endstages of hepatitis-C-induced cirrhosis are treated with liver transplantation. Reinfection of the graft occurs regularly, the clinical implications of which are not yet clear. Our knowledge of the spontaneous course and treatment response of hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients is limited.
Effect of pulse width variations on sacral neuromodulation for overactive bladder symptoms: A prospective randomized crossover feasibility study (2023)

Overall SNM effectiveness was unchanged with alternative PW; however, 39% of patients preferred alternative to standard PW and achieved significant improvements in urinary symptoms with such. Shorter PW can also provide savings in estimated battery life without sacrificing therapeutic efficacy.
Systematic computer analysis of the pharmacology of bioflavonoids in the context of increasing the body's antiviral defenses (2023)

Background. The rapidly developing resistance of viruses to synthetic antiviral drugs indicates the need to use substances with multitarget action (to avoid polypharmacy and to improve the safety of treatment). Objective: systematic analysis of the scientific literature on the pharmacology of bioflavonoids with an emphasis on their antiviral action. Material and methods. More than 150,000 references of primary sources were found in the PubMed/MEDLINE database of biomedical publications, including 3282 references on the antiviral effects of bioflavonoids. A systematic computerized analysis of this array of publications was carried out in order to identify the main directions in the pharmacology of bioflavonoids with an emphasis on their antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. The literature analysis was carried out using modern methods of topological and metric analysis of big data. Results. The molecular mechanisms of action of baicalin, hesperidin, rutin, quercetin, leukodelphinidin bioflavonoids and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin polyphenols, their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, bactericidal, angioprotective, regenerative effects, and their prospects in therapy, prevention and rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 and other respiratory viral infections were described in detail. Conclusion. Bioflavonoids and synergistic polyphenols exhibit not only multitarget antiviral effects by inhibiting the main protease, spike proteins, and other target proteins, but also pronounced anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects.
Lithium Storage Properties of Rocksalt-Type Li-Excess Titanium Sulfides (2020)

In recent years, the demands for lithium-ion batteries has increased rapidly all over the world. To further increase the energy density, Li-excess electrode materials which deliver higher reversible capacities have been actively studied as advanced positive electrode materials. A Li-excess sulfide, Li 2 TiS 3 , delivers a large reversible capacity on the basis of reversible anion redox. 1) Li 2 TiS 3 has the advantage of high electronic conductivity even though it is composed of Ti 4+ ions without valence electrons. This is a characteristic feature of sulfides that is different from an oxide counterpart, Li 2 TiO 3 . In this study, we study factors affecting on electrode performance of Li 2 TiS 3 and discuss reaction mechanisms as the potential high-capacity positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Li 2 TiS 3 was prepared by mechanical milling. Li 2 S and TiS 2 were used as precursors, and the mixture of the precursors were mixed by using a zirconia pot and zirconia balls. Crystal structures of the samples were examined by using an X-ray diffractometer. Composite electrodes consisted of 80 wt% active materials, 10 wt% acetylene black and 10 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride, pasted on aluminum foil as a current collector. Metallic lithium was used a negative electrode. The electrolyte solutions used were 1.0 M LiPF 6 dissolved in ethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate (3:7 by volume) and 5.3 M LiFSA dissolved in trimethylphosphine as a concentrated electrolyte solution. 2) Two-electrode cells were used and cycled at a rate of 20 mA g -1 at room temperature. Figure 1 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the precursors and the sample after mechanical milling. From Fig. 1, diffraction lines of the starting materials with high crystallinity disappear after mechanical milling and broad diffraction lines after milling are assigned into a cation-disordered rocksalt-type structure with low crystallinity. Although Li 2 TiO 3 is electrochemically inactive, Li 2 TiS 3 delivers a large reversible capacity of over 300 mA h g -1 in Li cells. However, the reversible capacity of Li 2 TiS 3 is reduced to approximately 150 mA h g -1 after the 30 cycles test with the aprotic electrolyte solution with 1 M LiPF 6 as shown in Fig. 2. On the other hand, Li 2 TiS 3 delivers a reversible capacity of 230 mA h g -1 even after 50 cycles with the concentrated electrolyte solution (5.3 M LiFSA) because dissolution of the sulfide could be suppressed for the concentrated electrolyte solution with less free solvents. 3) From these results, we discuss the factors affecting electrode performance of Li 2 TiS 3 for advanced positive electrode materials with sulfide ions. References (1) Atsushi Sakuda et al ., Scientific Reports. 8 , 15086 (2018). (2) Jianhui Wang et al ., Nature Energy. 3 , 22–29 (2018). (3) Takayuki Doi et al ., ChemistrySelect. 2 , 8824-8827 (2017). Figure 1
Identification of leukemia-associated inhibitory activity as acidic isoferritins. A regulatory role for acidic isoferritins in the production of granulocytes and macrophages. (1981)

Acidic isoferritins have been identified as leukemia-associated inhibitory activity (LIA), which suppresses colony and cluster formation of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophages from normal donors but not from patients with leukemia. LIA was detected in all ferritin preparations tested, including ferritin isolated from normal heart, spleen, liver, and placental tissues, and from the spleens of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. Purified preparations of LIA were composed almost entirely of acidic isoferritins, as determined by immunoassay, radioimmunoassay, and isoelectric focusing. The inhibitory activity in the LIA and ferritin samples was inactivated by a battery of antisera specific for ferritin, including those prepared against acidic isoferritins from normal heart and spleen tissues from patients with Hodgkin's disease, and those previously absorbed with basic isoferritins. Antisera absorbed with acidic isoferritins did not inactivate the inhibitory activity. Separation of LIA and chronic myelogenous leukemia and normal spleen ferritin by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing confirmed that the regions of peak inhibitory activity corresponded in each to an apparent molecular weight of approximately 550,000 and to a pI value of 4.7. Similar physicochemical characteristics included inactivation by methods that dissociate ferritin molecules into subunits and by treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, and periodate. The purified preparations were extremely stable to heat treatment. The glycoprotein nature of the inhibitory activity was substantiated because it bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose and was eluted off by alpha-methyl mannose. Inhibitory activity of the activity of the acidic isoferritins was detected at concentrations as low as 10(-17)-10(-19) M and iron saturation did not appear to be necessary for its action. These results implicate acidic isoferritins in the regulation of normal myelopoiesis and suggest a role for them in the progression of leukemia.
Contribucion al estudio de los anfipodos de las costas mediterraneas catalanas. Estudio faunistico, ecologico, biologico y biogeografico (1994)

SE HA REALIZADO UN ESTUDIO SOBRE LOS ANFIPODOS BENTONICOS ASOCIADOS A SUBSTRATO DURO DEL MEDIOLITORAL Y DEL INFRALITORAL EN LAS COSTAS DE CATALUNA. SE HAN IDENTIFICADO 81 ESPECIES DE ANFIPODOS, ENTRE LAS QUE HAY 1 PRIMERA CITA EN EL MEDITERRANEO, 18 EN LA PENINSULA IBERICA, 4 EN EL LITORAL ESPANOL, 8 EN EL MEDITERRANEO IBERICO Y 7 EN EL LITORAL CATALAN. SE HA CONSTATADO UNA CORRELACION ESTRECHA ENTRE EL NUMERO DE ESPECIES DE ANFIPODOS Y LA BIOMASA ALGAL DE LA MUESTRA. SE HA COMPROBADO QUE EL TAMANO MUESTRAL MINIMO VARIA SEGUN LA DENSIDAD ALGAL. SE HA ENCONTRADO UNA INFLUENCIA SIGIFICATIVA DE LA TOPOGRAFIA DEL LUGAR, DEBIDA AL GRADO DE ARENA EN SUSPENSION, Y DE LOS DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS, DEBIDA AL GRADO DE TURBULENCIA EXISTENTE EN SU SENO, SOBRE LAS TAXOCENOSIS DE ANFIPODOS A ELLOS ASOCIADAS. SE HA ESTUDIADO LA VARIACION DEL NUMERO DE INDIVIDUOS, DEL NUMERO DE ESPECIES Y DE LOS INDICES DE DIVERSIDAD Y EQUITATIVIDAD SEGUN LA PROFUNDIDAD Y SEGUN LA EPOCA DEL ANO. POR ULTIMO SE HA OBSERVADO QUE EL LITORAL MEDITERRANEO IBERICO ES EL SECTOR DEL MEDITERRANEO MAS INFLUIDO POR LA FAUNA ANFIPODIANA DEL OCEANO ATLANTICO Y POR ELLO EL QUE PUEDE PRESENTAR UNA MAYOR RIQUEZA DE ESPECIES.
A Novel Robot Vision Employing a Silicon Retina (2001)

A Robot vision system was designed using a silicon retina, which has been developed to mimick the parallel circuit structure of the vertebrate retina. The silicon retina used here is an analog CMOS very large-scale integrated circuit, which executes Laplacian-Gaussian like filtering on the image in real time. The processing is robust to change of illumination condition. Analog circuit modules were designed to detect the contour from the output image of the silicon retina and to binarize the output image. The images processed by the silicon retina as well as those by the analog circuit modules are received by the DOS/V-compatible mother-board with NTSC signal, which enables higher level processings using digital image processing techniques. This novel robot vision system can achieve real time and robust processings in natural illumination condition with a compact hardware and a low power consumption.
Enhanced cell killing and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells with ultrasound in combination with cetuximab coated albumin microbubbles (2017)

Targeted microbubbles have the potential to be used for ultrasound (US) therapy and diagnosis of various cancers. In the present study, US was irradiated to oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-2) in the presence of cetuximab-coated albumin microbubbles (CCAM). Cell killing rate with US treatment at 0.9 W/cm<sup>2</sup> and 1.0 W/cm<sup>2</sup> in the presence of CCAM was greater compared to non-targeted albumin microbubbles (p < .05). On the other hand, selective cell killing was not observed in human myelomonocytic lymphoma cell line (U937) that had no affinity to cetuximab. Furthermore, US irradiation in the presence of CCAM showed a fivefold increase of cell apoptotic rate for HSC-2 cells (21.0 ± 3.8%) as compared to U937 cells (4.0 ± 0.8%). Time-signal intensity curve in a tissue phantom demonstrated clear visualisation of CCAM with conventional US imaging device. Our experiment verifies the hypothesis that CCAM was selective to HSC-2 cells and may be applied as a novel therapeutic/diagnostic microbubble for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
The 2D modified head impulse test: A 2D technique for measuring function in all six semi-circular canals (2011)

The head impulse test can be used to measure peripheral vestibular function of all six semicircular canals. Traditionally, vertical canal function is measured by rotating the head from a starting neutral position (forward facing) about a diagonal plane that bisects the sagittal and coronal planes. These types of head rotations elicit eye movements with large vertical and torsional (about the line of sight) angular velocity components. Three-dimensional (3D: horizontal, vertical and torsional) eye measurement techniques are needed to measure these velocity components. We wanted to determine whether 2D measurements coupled to a modified head impulse test are sufficient to measure function of all six canals. In this study we measured individual canal function in patients (n=5) with peripheral unilateral hypofunction and control subjects (n=4) using the traditional head impulse test and the 'gold standard' 3D (dual-coil) scleral search coil technique. We compared these results with those from our 2D modified head impulse test using the 2D coil technique (single-coil). We show that both techniques detect similar levels of asymmetrical function in patients and are equally accurate in isolating canals with hypofunction. We conclude that 2D eye measurement techniques, such as video pupil-tracking, can be used to test all six canals.
High Performance Variable Emittance Devices for Spacecraft Application Based on Conducting Polymers Coupled with Ionic Liquids (2009)

This contribution describes the fabrication, function and performance of thin‐film variable emittance electrochromic skins fabricated using poly(aniline) as the conducting polymer (CP), a long‐chain polymeric dopant, and an ionic liquid as electrolyte. The ionic electrolyte allows operation in space vacuum without any seals. A unique, space‐durable coating applied to the external surface of the skins drastically lowers the solar absorptance of the skins, such that in their dark (highly emissive) electrochromic state, it is no more than 0.44, whilst in their light electrochromic state, it is ca. 0.3. Data presented show tailorable, variations from 0.19 to 0.90, ∀(s)<0.3, and nearly indefinite cyclability. Extended thermal vacuum, atomic‐O, micrometeoroid, VUV and other studies show excellent space durability. Performance of a doughnut‐shaped skin designed for a specific micro‐spacecraft is also described.
Solubility changes in shelf-aged ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular liners. (1999)

Crosslinking of extruded, air-packaged, irradiated, shelf-aged (10 consecutive years) polyethylene acetabular liners was measured versus time and material location by using a hot xylene extraction protocol. Insolubility (crosslinking) of new polyethylene liners was 87%, but decreased to 45% after 10 years of shelf-aging. This degradation is similar to that observed from retrieved (aged in vivo) acetabular cups. Crosslinking varied with depth in the aged liners and with radial location in the unaged liners. Given that crosslinking improves polyethylene's wear resistance, crosslinking degradation of polyethylene orthopaedic components must be controlled to improve the long-term clinical performance of total joint implants.
Aplyronine A, a Potent Antitumor Substance of Marine Origin, Aplyronines B and C, and Artificial Analogues:  Total Synthesis and Structure−Cytotoxicity Relationships (1996)

The enantioselective total synthesis of aplyronine A (1), a potent antitumor substance of marine origin, was achieved by a convergent approach. Three segments 4, 5, and 6, corresponding to the C5−C11, C21−C27, and C28−C34 portions of aplyronine A (1), were prepared using the Evans aldol reaction and the Sharpless epoxidation as key steps. The coupling reaction of 4 with iodide 7 followed by Julia olefination with sulfone 8 gave the C5−C20 segment 9, while the Julia coupling reaction between segments 5 and 6 provided the C21−C34 segment 10. Julia olefination between segments 9 and 10 and the subsequent four-carbon homologation reaction led to seco acid 83, which was converted into aplyronine A (1) by Yamaguchi lactonization followed by the introduction of two amino acids. The use of the [(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)oxy]methyl group as a protecting group for the hydroxyl at C29 was crucial for this synthesis. The enantioselective synthesis of two natural congeners, aplyronines B (2) and C (3), was also carried out using the intermediates for the synthesis of 1, which determined the absolute stereostructures of 2 and 3 unambiguously. To study the structure−cytotoxicity relationships of aplyronines, artificial analogues of 1 were synthesized and their cytotoxicities were evaluated: the trimethylserine moiety, two hydroxyl groups, and the side-chain portion in 1 turned out to be important in the potent cytotoxicity shown by 1. Biological studies with aplyronine A (1) showed that 1 inhibited polymerization of G-actin to F-actin and depolymerized F-actin to G-actin.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Stochastic state transitions give rise to phenotypic equilibrium in populations of cancer cells. (2011)

Cancer cells within individual tumors often exist in distinct phenotypic states that differ in functional attributes. While cancer cell populations typically display distinctive equilibria in the proportion of cells in various states, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. Here, we study the dynamics of phenotypic proportions in human breast cancer cell lines. We show that subpopulations of cells purified for a given phenotypic state return towards equilibrium proportions over time. These observations can be explained by a Markov model in which cells transition stochastically between states. A prediction of this model is that, given certain conditions, any subpopulation of cells will return to equilibrium phenotypic proportions over time. A second prediction is that breast cancer stem-like cells arise de novo from non-stem-like cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of cancer heterogeneity and reveal how stochasticity in single-cell behaviors promotes phenotypic equilibrium in populations of cancer cells.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 21854987