gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonics-based 1-THz signal generation and its evaluation on phase noise characteristics (2016)

1-THz continuous-wave signal is generated by an optical frequency comb generator utilized as a 41st-order multiplier. Phase noise characteristics of generated signal are evaluated by heterodyne detector and microwave electrical spectrum analyzer.
In vivo epinephrine reactivation of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 in the rabbit is correlated to a 370-base-pair region located between the promoter and the 5' end of the 2.0 kilobase latency-associated transcript (1996)

A rabbit ocular model of epinephrine-induced herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation was employed to study the effect of a deletion in the latency-associated transcript domain. A viral construct derived from 17Syn+, designated 17deltaSty, has a deletion of 370 nucleotides between genomic positions 118880 and 119250. 17deltaSty has been shown to reactivate with wild-type virus kinetics from explants of trigeminal ganglia from latently infected mice. To determine the behavior of this mutant in an in vivo, inducible reactivation system, rabbit corneas were infected with 17Syn+, 17deltaSty, or its rescuant, 17detlaSty-Res. After viral latency was established, transcorneal epinephrine iontophoresis was performed. The rabbits latently infected with 17deltaSty exhibited a significantly reduced ability to undergo adrenergically induced reactivation, i.e., viral shedding in the tears, compared with rabbits infected with either 17Syn+ or 17deltaSty-Res. However, quantitative PCR demonstrated similar numbers of viral genomes in the trigeminal ganglia from rabbits latently infected with all three viruses, and all three viruses reactivated in vitro with wild-type kinetics in an explant cocultivation assay. These studies indicate that the 370-bp region deleted in the 17deltaSty construct plays a role in epinephrine-induced reactivation.
Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Protects from Systemic Candida Infection (2008)

Fungi, such as Candida spp., are commonly found on the skin and at mucosal surfaces. Yet, they rarely cause invasive infections in immunocompetent individuals, an observation reflecting the ability of our innate immune system to control potentially invasive microbes found at biological boundaries. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides are becoming increasingly recognized as important effectors of innate immunity. This is illustrated further by the present investigation, demonstrating a novel antifungal role of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), an abundant and multimodular plasma protein. HRG bound to Candida cells, and induced breaks in the cell walls of the organisms. Correspondingly, HRG preferentially lysed ergosterol-containing liposomes but not cholesterol-containing ones, indicating a specificity for fungal versus other types of eukaryotic membranes. Both antifungal and membrane-rupturing activities of HRG were enhanced at low pH, and mapped to the histidine-rich region of the protein. Ex vivo, HRG-containing plasma as well as fibrin clots exerted antifungal effects. In vivo, Hrg(-/-) mice were susceptible to infection by C. albicans, in contrast to wild-type mice, which were highly resistant to infection. The results demonstrate a key and previously unknown antifungal role of HRG in innate immunity.
Solubility of ethylene in toluene and toluene/styrene–butadiene rubber solutions (2005)

Abstract The solubility of ethylene in toluene and in toluene (90 wt %)/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR; 10 wt %) solutions was determined because the solubility data were of interest for the kinetic study of the metallocene‐catalyzed homopolymerization of ethylene and the copolymerization of ethylene with α‐olefins. The data were obtained over the temperature range of 293–343 K and the pressure range of 50–180 psi. An original Universal Functional Group Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC) model was applied for the ethylene–toluene system, and a UNIFAC‐ZM model (a modified UNIFAC model proposed by Zhong and Masuoka et al.) was applied for the ethylene–toluene/SBR ternary system. Henry's law was also used to correlate the experimental results of the two systems. A comparison was made between the UNIFAC models and Henry's law. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 645–649, 2005
Direct enhancement of any solution NMR signal using the distant dipolar fields created by highly polarized and concentrated nuclear spin systems (2006)

Peculiar nuclear spin systems can be polarized at a level of thousands times the value obtained at thermal equilibrium, for instance by optical pumping. When concentrated, these systems create a sizeable average dipolar field which is experienced by any nuclear spin. We propose to use these distant dipolar fields for performing a polarization transfer in the Hartmann-Hahn conditions. We report the maximum enhancement value calculated using the spin temperature approach and first theoretical insights on the polarization transfer rate. Using, as an example, dissolved laser-polarized xenon, we show that by spin-locking both xenon spins and a proton spin of a solute, the polarization of the latter is enhanced. This is obtained without the existence of chemical interaction between the two entities and with characteristic rising time not directly correlated to the proton self-relaxation time. By its generality and its non-local feature, this approach could make possible nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on very dilute systems.
Supplementary Table 2 from Characterization of Bone Metastases from Rapid Autopsies of Prostate Cancer Patients (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Characterization of Bone Metastases from Rapid Autopsies of Prostate Cancer Patients
Full superconducting gap in the candidate topological superconductor <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Te</mml:mi></mml:math> for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2022)

High-pressure synthesis techniques have allowed for the growth of samples on the indium-rich side of (Pb,In)Te, which have increased superconducting transition temperatures compared to lead-rich compounds. In this paper we present measurements of the temperature dependence of the London penetration depth $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\lambda}(T)$ in the compound ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.8}{\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.2}\mathrm{Te}$, which shows a bulk ${T}_{c,\mathrm{onset}}$ of $\ensuremath{\sim}4.75$ K. The results indicate fully gapped BCS-like behavior, ruling out odd-parity topologically nontrivial ${A}_{2u}$ pairing, however, odd-parity ${A}_{1u}$ pairing is still possible. Critical field values measured below 1 K and other superconducting parameters are also presented.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of normal and torn rotator-cuff tendons (2011)

We have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to characterise the chemical and structural composition of the tendons of the rotator cuff and to identify structural differences among anatomically distinct tears. Such information may help to identify biomarkers of tears and to provide insight into the rates of healing of different sizes of tear. The infrared spectra of 81 partial, small, medium, large and massive tears were measured using FTIR and compared with 11 uninjured control tendons. All the spectra were classified using standard techniques of multivariate analysis. FTIR readily differentiates between normal and torn tendons, and different sizes of tear. We identified the key discriminating molecules and spectra altered in torn tendons to be carbohydrates/phospholipids (1030 cm(-1) to 1200 cm(-1)), collagen (1300 cm(-1) to 1700 cm(-1) and 3000 cm(-1) to 3350 cm(-1)) and lipids (2800 cm(-1) to 3000 cm(-1)). Our study has shown that FTIR spectroscopy can identify tears of the rotator cuff of varying size based upon distinguishable chemical and structural features. The onset of a tear is mainly associated with altered structural arrangements of collagen, with changes in lipids and carbohydrates. The approach described is rapid and has the potential to be used peri-operatively to determine the quality of the tendon and the extent of the disease, thus guiding surgical repair.
Dysfunctional autophagy induced by the pro-apoptotic natural compound climacostol in tumour cells (2018)

Autophagy occurs at a basal level in all eukaryotic cells and may support cell survival or activate death pathways. Due to its pathophysiologic significance, the autophagic machinery is a promising target for the development of multiple approaches for anti-neoplastic agents. We have recently described the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic mechanisms, targeting the tumour suppressor p53, of climacostol, a natural product of the ciliated protozoan Climacostomum virens. We report here on how climacostol regulates autophagy and the involvement of p53-dependent mechanisms. Using both in vitro and in vivo techniques, we show that climacostol potently and selectively impairs autophagy in multiple tumour cells that are committed to die by apoptosis. In particular, in B16-F10 mouse melanomas climacostol exerts a marked and sustained accumulation of autophagosomes as the result of dysfunctional autophagic degradation. We also provide mechanistic insights showing that climacostol affects autophagosome turnover via p53-AMPK axis, although the mTOR pathway unrelated to p53 levels plays a role. In particular, climacostol activated p53 inducing the upregulation of p53 protein levels in the nuclei through effects on p53 stability at translational level, as for instance the phosphorylation at Ser15 site. Noteworthy, AMPKα activation was the major responsible of climacostol-induced autophagy disruption in the absence of a key role regulating cell death, thus indicating that climacostol effects on autophagy and apoptosis are two separate events, which may act independently on life/death decisions of the cell. Since the activation of p53 system is at the molecular crossroad regulating both the anti-autophagic action of climacostol and its role in the apoptosis induction, it might be important to explore the dual targeting of autophagy and apoptosis with agents acting on p53 for the selective killing of tumours. These findings also suggest the efficacy of ciliate bioactive molecules to identify novel lead compounds in drug discovery and development.
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicology of KOS-1022, an orally administered heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) Inhibitor (2006)

3093 To date, Hsp90 inhibitors are administered intermittently by IV dosing to patients. It was hypothesized that more continuous inhibition of this chaperone protein (using oral administration) would result in more sustained degradation of its critical oncogenic client proteins. KOS-1022 (17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin) was therefore identified as an orally bioavailable compound for development. Early testing showed that bioavailability equaled 22-54% (oral gavage to rats) and 36% (clinical capsule formulation to dogs). Oral antitumor activity (Hollingshead et al 2005) had been noted at a tolerable dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Subsequent studies investigated the safety and PK of KOS-1022 in the rat and the dog following repeated oral gavage. Initial dose-range finding studies in the rat demonstrated significant hepatotoxicity and body weight loss upon daily dosing (>4 mg/kg). Given this finding and an elimination half-life in humans of >20 hours upon IV dosing, subsequent studies investigated alternate daily dosing. Oral KOS-1022 was administered at 2, 5, and 7 mg/kg (rats) and 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 mg/kg (dogs) QOD for 28 days. The mid-dose of both studies equaled a maximally tolerable dose (lethality was observed in 10/42 rats and 1/10 dogs at the highest dose). At the MTD, target organs include kidney (changes in electrolytes, increased urea/creatinine; papillary/cortical necrosis), liver (ALT/AST and bilirubin elevation; congestion, necrosis, and multifocal fibrosis), biliary tract, adrenal (primarily cortex), reproductive organs, gastrointestinal epithelium and lymphoproliferative tissues (thymus, lymph nodes, spleen). Treatment-related changes were resolved by the end of the 4-week recovery period with the exception of selected organ weights (increased adrenals and decreased thymus, pituitary and kidney weights) and microscopic findings in the testes and epididymides. High blood concentrations were seen in these studies (rat: AUC 0-48 3701 ng*h/mL on Day 27 at 7 mg/kg; dog 499 ng/mL*hr on Day 27 at 1.0 mg/kg). Comparing the NOAEL and MTD in these studies, KOS-1022 demonstrated generally dose-proportional pharmacokinetics. Tmax was observed 2-6 hours post-dose (rat) and 1.3-1.8 hours (dog). At non-lethal doses, elimination half-life was 7.8 -10.5 hours (rat) and 11.5 - 22.1 hours (dog). Comparison of the rat and dog MTD and NOAEL by allometric scaling concluded that the dog was the more sensitive species (values of 16 and versus 30 and 12 mg/m2 in the rat). The starting dose for human testing was therefore based on 1/6 MTD in the dog. Based on allometric or mg/kg scaling (assuming a 70 kg person), 5 mg/dose was considered a safe starting dose. Clinical testing of KOS-1022 will begin in late 2005. As the drug did not show significant hepatotoxicity in the dog upon daily oral dosing (x 5 days), both alternate daily and daily dosing may be explored in humans.
A Tool Box to Evaluate the Phased Array Coil Performance Using Retrospective 3D Coil Modeling (2014)

++ - and MATLAB-based software tool called Phased Array Coil Evaluator (PACE). PACE has the following functions: Building 3D models of the coil elements, importing the FDTD simulation results, and visualizing the coil sensitivity of each coil element on the ordinary Cartesian coordinate and the relative coil position coordinate. To build a 3D model of the phased array coil, we used an electromagnetic 3D tracker in a stylus form. After making the 3D model, we imported the 3D model into the FDTD electromagnetic field simulation tool. Results: An accurate comparison between the coil sensitivity simulation and real experiment on the tool box platform has been made through fine matching of the simulation and real experiment with aids of the 3D tracker. In the simulation and experiment, we used a 36-channel helmet-style phased array coil. At the 3D MRI data acquisition using the spoiled gradient echo sequence, we used the uniform cylindrical phantom that had the same geometry as the one in the FDTD simulation. In the tool box, we can conveniently choose the coil element of interest and we can compare the coil sensitivities element-by-element of the phased array coil. Conclusion: We expect the tool box can be greatly used for developing phased array coils of new geometry or for periodic maintenance of phased array coils in a more accurate and consistent manner.
Fighting biofilms with lantibiotics and other groups of bacteriocins (2018)

Biofilms are sessile communities of bacteria typically embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix. Bacterial cells embedded in biofilms are inherently recalcitrant to antimicrobials, compared to cells existing in a planktonic state, and are notoriously difficult to eradicate once formed. Avenues to tackle biofilms thus far have largely focussed on attempting to disrupt the initial stages of biofilm formation, including adhesion and maturation of the biofilm. Such an approach is advantageous as the concentrations required to inhibit formation of biofilms are generally much lower than removing a fully established biofilm. The crisis of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings worldwide has been further exacerbated by the ability of certain pathogenic bacteria to form biofilms. Perhaps the most notorious biofilm formers described from a clinical viewpoint have been methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, the latter of which is found in oral biofilms. Due to the dearth of novel antibiotics in recent decades, compounded by the increasing rate of emergence of resistance amongst pathogens with a propensity for biofilm formation, solutions are urgently required to mitigate these crises. Bacteriocins are a class of antimicrobial peptides, which are ribosomally synthesised and often are more potent than their antibiotic counterparts. Here, we review a selection of studies conducted with bacteriocins with the ultimate objective of inhibiting biofilms. Overall, a deeper understanding of the precise means by which a biofilm forms on a substrate as well as insights into the mechanisms by which bacteriocins inhibit biofilms is warranted.
Data Supplement from Armed Oncolytic Virus Enhances Immune Functions of Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T Cells in Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Movie 1D. Ad5ÃŽ?24 and GD2.CAR-T cell&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of crossing geometry on the plasmonic behavior of dielectric core/metal sheath nanowires (2009)

We have shown that dielectric/metal composite nanowires exhibit very strong surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals when arranged in a random three-dimensional geometry. Since the intersections of the nanowires are critical in generating the high electric fields necessary for this enhancement, we are investigating this effect under more controlled conditions. We examined nanowire arrays formed by e-beam lithography and we have examined the plasmonic effects, both longitudinal and transverse, due to changes in crossing geometry by specific placements of dielectric/metal nanowires on these arrays. Results indicate significant angular effects on the SERS enhancement supported by electric field calculations.
Zinc and molybdenum dithiocarbamates — antioxidant additives (2001)

Abstract Zinc and molybdenum dithiocarbamates are used as effective additives in lubricants of various types. Following earlier reported investigations on their antifriction and antiwear properties, it was found that zinc and molybdenum dithiocarbamates had some antioxidant capabilities, so investigations have been carried out to compare the influence of zinc and molybdenum dithiocarbamates and dithiophosphates on the antioxidant properties of lubricating oils over a wide range of temperatures. The antioxidant activity of a number of synthesised additives was determined by a kinetic method in model conditions; the antioxidant properties of these additives were also compared in more severe conditions. It was found that the effectiveness of metal dithiocarbamates depends on the oxidation test conditions. The influence of zinc and molybdenum dithiocarbamates on the antioxidant properties of lubricating oils increases in the presence of zinc dithiophosphate and calcium phenate.
A quantitative assessment of patient motion and its effect on myocardial perfusion SPECT images. (1993)

Patient motion during image acquisition is a frequent cause of SPECT perfusion image artifacts. We sought to determine the relationship between patient motion and the resultant image artifact. The effect of patient motion on 201Tl SPECT scintigrams was assessed with computer simulation to create 66 new image sets with artifactual vertical, horizontal and combined patient motion introduced over a broad range in six normal studies. Visual analysis of regional radioactivity in these simulated images, as well as quantitative analysis of the resultant polar coordinate display was performed. The presence and extent of "motion" artifacts varied with the number and location of the projection images affected, as well as the extent of their displacement. Although the extent of the defect varied with the frames affected, they were not necessarily more extensive when related to vertical displacement in the center of the orbit. The location of induced defects varied with direction of displacement and the location of frames affected. Vertical and horizontal motion created additive defects. Defect size grew with incremental vertical displacement but subsequently decreased with yet increasing displacement. Both the irregular, "lumpy" distribution of radioactivity, often with opposing "defects", as well as curvilinear extraventricular radioactivity, were visual clues suggesting SPECT defects related to motion artifact. A clinical case review revealed that approximately 25% of studies demonstrate such motion during acquisition but only 5% contribute to visible image deterioration. While detection is important, postacquisition attempts to correct such artifacts are incomplete and optimally, they must be prevented.
Figure S4 from Discovery of a Highly Selective NAMPT Inhibitor That Demonstrates Robust Efficacy and Improved Retinal Toxicity with Nicotinic Acid Coadministration (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A and B, NCI-H1155 and HCT116 cells were grown and treated in duplicates with LSN3154567 (100 nM), respectively, as described (Materials and Methods) and apoptosis was analyzed as described above.&lt;/p&gt;
Three-dimensional assessment of the intervertebral kinematics after Mobi-C total disc replacement at the cervical spine in vivo using the EOS stereoradiography system (2011)

Overall, the feasibility of dynamic EOS stereoradiography was shown. The prosthesis replicates the pattern of motion of the normal cervical spine.
Crustal Melting and Flow beneath Northern Tibet: Evidence from Mid-Miocene to Quaternary Strongly Peraluminous Rhyolites in the Southern Kunlun Range (2012)

Abstract One of the major geophysical discoveries concerning the Tibetan Plateau is the existence of unusually weak layers in the mid- to lower crust, a characteristic widely interpreted as the result of crustal melting. This interpretation, however, remains highly contentious, particularly when applied to northern Tibet where crustally derived magmatic rocks are scarce. Here we report the finding of tourmaline-bearing mica and biotite rhyolites in the Bukadaban–Malanshan area, southern Kunlun Range, near the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Zircon U–Pb and whole-rock or mineral 40Ar–39Ar analyses suggest that these rocks erupted between 9·0 and 1·5 Ma. These rocks are geochemically similar to Himalayan leucogranites (interpreted as crustal melts), with strongly peraluminous compositions, high SiO2 contents (69·0–76·0 wt %), and clear negative Eu, Ba and Sr anomalies. They have low εNd (–5·8 to –8·6) and high 87Sr/86Sr (0·7125–0·7178), 206Pb/204Pb (18·59–18·70), 207Pb/204Pb (15·49–15·63) and 208Pb/204Pb (38·31–38·74) isotopic compositions as well as magmatic zircon εHf (–0·7 to –5·0) compositions similar to those of global marine sediments and Proterozoic–Triassic sedimentary rocks in northern Tibet. We suggest that the Bukadaban–Malanshan rhyolites were generated by dehydration melting of metasedimentary rocks at 0·5–1·2 GPa and 740–863°C. Our data not only confirm the occurrence of a partially molten zone in the mid- to lower crust beneath northern Tibet but also constrain the crustal melting to have existed from middle Miocene to Quaternary times. Adopting the crustal flow model, we further argue the importance of outward flowing of the melt-weakened crust in the formation of crustal inflation, surface uplift, and earthquakes along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.