gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 6 from Targeting TRAIL Death Receptor 4 with Trivalent DR4 Atrimer Complexes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 84K, Excess soluble DR4, but not DR5, blocks the cytotoxic effect of agonist DR4 Atrimer � complexes. Atrimer� complex 1C9 was pre-incubated with or without soluble DR4-Fc or DR5-Fc for 1 hour before addition to Colo205 cells. Cell viability was measured at 48 hours using the ViaLight Plus kit.&lt;/p&gt;
Stochastic tomography and its applications in 3D imaging of mixing fluids (2012)

We present a novel approach for highly detailed 3D imaging of turbulent fluid mixing behaviors. The method is based on visible light computed tomography, and is made possible by a new stochastic tomographic reconstruction algorithm based on random walks. We show that this new stochastic algorithm is competitive with specialized tomography solvers such as SART, but can also easily include arbitrary convex regularizers that make it possible to obtain high-quality reconstructions with a very small number of views. Finally, we demonstrate that the same stochastic tomography approach can also be used to directly re-render arbitrary 2D projections without the need to ever store a 3D volume grid.
Visual and refractive outcomes with ReLEx<sup>®</sup> SMILE in 600 eyes (2016)

AIM:To study the outcomes of ReLEx<sup>®</sup> small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)for correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism in terms of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, aberrations, and dry eye. METHODS: In this prospective, non-randomized clinical study, done at Nethradhama Super Speciality Eye Hospital, a total of 600 eyes that met the inclusion criteria underwent a thorough preoperative examination, including corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), contrast sensitivity, aberrometry, and dry eye assessment. VisuMax femtosecond laser system was used to perform SMILE. Patients were followed up on 1, 15d and 3mo. Pre and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), CDVA, aberrations, dry eye, and contrast sensitivity during 3mo of follow-up were recorded. Data analysis was done with the help of a computer using SPSS for Windows Software(version 17.0, SPSS, Inc., New York, USA). A paired <i>t</i>-test was used to test the significance of difference between quantitative variables and Yate's Chi-square test for qualitative variables. <i>P</i> value less than 0.05 denoted a significant relationship. RESULTS: The study enrolled 600 eyes of 305 patients, of which 10 patients underwent SMILE in 1 eye only due to anisometropia. At 3mo, 98.83% of eyes had attained a UCVA of 20/20 or better. No patient had a loss of CDVA, and 37 eyes(6.17%)showed a gain in 1 line in postoperative CDVA. Postoperative induction of coma and spherical aberrations was minimal. Contrast sensitivity reduced immediate postoperatively(<i>P</i><0.001)but showed improvement by 3mo, especially at lower spatial frequencies(<i>P</i>=0.43, 0.47, 0.46) CONCLUSION:Our results demonstrate the high refractive accuracy and safety of ReLEx<sup>®</sup> SMILE for the treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Increase in postoperative dryness and aberrations, both accepted drawbacks of any corneal refractive surgery were observed, while decrease in contrast sensitivity was insignificant at lower spatial frequencies.
Crucial role of TrkB ligands in the survival and phenotypic differentiation of developing locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons (2003)

The role of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurotrophins in the development of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons was evaluated. We found that two neurotrophic factors previously reported to prevent the degeneration of lesioned adult central noradrenergic neurons, GDNF and neurotrophin 3 (NT3), do not play significant roles in the prenatal development of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons, as demonstrated by: (1) the lack of alterations in double Gdnf/Nt3 null mutant mice; and (2) the lack of survival-promoting effects of GDNF and/or NT3 in rat E13.5 primary cultures. In contrast, null mutant mice for TrkB, the tyrosine kinase receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4, displayed a clear loss of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons. In accordance with this, treatment of rat E13.5 primary cultures with TrkB ligands prevented the early loss of noradrenergic neurons and maintained their survival for up to 6 days in vitro. Moreover, an additional 5-10-fold increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive noradrenergic neurons was detected after 12 hours in culture. This second effect of TrkB ligands involved neither proliferation nor survival, because the number of BrdU- or TUNEL-positive noradrenergic neurons did not change and the effect was elicited by delayed administration of either factor. Because TrkB ligands increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells expressing Phox2a, a paired homeodomain protein required for the development of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons, but did not affect the number of Phox2a-positive tyrosine hydroxylase-negative cells, our results suggest that the second effect of TrkB ligands may involve promoting or inducing a noradrenergic phenotype. In summary, our findings suggest that, unlike NT3 and GDNF, TrkB ligands are required and sufficient to promote the development of central noradrenergic neurons.
P17.85 * LOW LEVELS OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME ASSOCIATES WITH PATIENT SURVIVAL; A PROSPECTIVE STUDY (2014)

BACKGROUND: Over 90% of GBM tumors have been shown to be infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In this study, we evaluated whether there was an association between the grade of HCMV infection and long-term survival in GBM patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Brain tumor tissue sections from consecutive GBMs patients operated at the Karolinska University Hospital from 2003 were analysed (n= 250). HCMV infection grade was determined by the number of HCMV positive cells negative (or grade 1-4) by immunohistochemistry. Chi-Square test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess an association between long-term survival and HCMV low-grade infection or other clinical prognostic parameters; age under 50 years, radical surgery or low recursive partition analysis (RPA) and MGMT status. RESULTS: HCMV infection was detected in tumor samples from 249 of 250 patients (99%). Forty percent of GBM patients who lived > 18 months had low-grade HCMV infection while only 8% GBM patients who lived < 18 months did. In the first 75 cases, multiple logistic regression analyses yielded an odds ratio estimate of 6.61 with 95% confidence interval (1.36-32.1) (p .019) for low grade HCMV after adjustment for RPA class, radical surgery, and age. CONCLUSION: We previously reported that low-grade HCMV infection was strongly associated with long-term survival in GBM patients in a case-control study of 75 patients. This larger prospective study of patients treated at a single institution confirms the previous data. As a consequence, CMV analysis by immunohistochemistry could be use as a prognostic marker in glioblastoma.
Design and characterization of superlattice infrared photodetector operating at low bias voltage (2000)

In this paper, we investigate the performance and characterization of a 15-period superlattice embedded between two thick AlGaAs barriers. The structure can operate at low bias voltage with less power consumption for 8-10 /spl mu/m long-wavelength infrared detection. In our design, one barrier is used to reduce the dark current and the other one is designed to enhance the collection efficiency of photoelectrons at the collector contact. The fabricated detector can be operated at a bias voltage lower than 0.1 V and exhibits a pronounced photovoltaic response. The spectral response shows voltage dependence around 0 V. At high bias voltage (>25 mV) the spectral lineshape is independent of bias and is around 8-10 /spl mu/m with peak wavelength at 9.3 /spl mu/m. At lower bias voltage the response is shifted toward shorter wavelength range. The peak responsivity was found to be 12 mA/W at /spl lambda//sub p/=8.7 /spl mu/m and zero bias and 85 mA/W at /spl lambda//sub p/=9.3 /spl mu/m and 0.1 V. Background limitation can be achieved up to 65 K with bias voltage less than 0.1 V. The measured noise power spectral density of the dark current at 77 K shows the characteristics of full shot noise rather than generation-recombination noise. The peak detectivity is determined to be D/sup */=3.5/spl times/10/sup 9/ cm/spl radic/(Hz)/W at 77 K and 0.1 V. In comparison with a conventional 30-period QWIP, our detector has the advantages of better performance at low bias voltages with lower power consumption and a tunable feature of spectral range.
250 GHz intensity modulation via Raman gain in the soliton regime (1999)

We have analysed the performance of all-optical intensity modulator operating in the soliton regime. We have shown that the effect of self-phase modulation limits the maximum speed of this nonlinear modulator to ~300GHz.
Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from A Transcriptional Signature Identifies LKB1 Functional Status as a Novel Determinant of MEK Sensitivity in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supporting information including gene correlation matrix for LKB1 loss signature genes and additional drug sensitivity analyses.&lt;/p&gt;
Data from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Monitoring with a Lamprey Idiotope-Specific Antibody (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;For antigen recognition, lampreys use leucine-rich repeats (LRR) instead of immunoglobulin V-(D)-J domains to generate variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) of three types: VLRA, VLRB, and VLRC. VLRB-bearing lymphocytes respond to immunization with proliferation and differentiation into plasmacytes that secrete multivalent VLRB antibodies. Here, we immunized lampreys with B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to generate recombinant monoclonal VLRB antibodies, one of which, VLR39, was specific for the donor CLL cells. The target epitope of VLR39 was shown to be the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the heavy chain variable region (VH) of the B-cell receptor. Using this antibody to monitor the CLL donor after chemoimmunotherapy-induced remission, we detected VLR39&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; B cells in the patient 51 months later, before significant increase in lymphocyte count or CD5&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; B cells. This indication of reemergence of the leukemic clone was verified by VH sequencing. Lamprey antibodies can exhibit exquisite specificity for a protein epitope, a CLL signature VH CDR3 sequence in this case, and offer a rapid strategy for generating anti-idiotype antibodies for early detection of leukemia recurrence. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 1(4); 223–8. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Thoughts on the origins of resistance plasmids (1977)

Journal Article Thoughts on the origins of resistance plasmids Get access Julian Davies, Julian Davies Department of Biochemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patrice Courvalin, Patrice Courvalin Department of Biochemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Douglas Berg Douglas Berg Department of Biochemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 3, Issue suppl_C, 1977, Pages 7–17, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/3.suppl_C.7 Published: 01 December 1977
Interventionelle Mitralklappen: der Blick in die Glaskugel (2016)

An increasing number of patients suffering of symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR) cannot be treated with conventional surgical methods due to multiple comorbidities and advanced age. Therefore, the development of transcatheter techniques for treatment of MR in the beating heart is focus of recent research. An overview of the different repair technologies according to the anatomical target and replacement technologies (transcatheter mitral valved stents) is presented.
A New Strategy for the Development of Highly Potent and Selective Plasmin Inhibitors (2012)

A new structure-based strategy for the design of potent and selective plasmin inhibitors was developed. These compounds could be prepared by cyclizations between the P3 and P2 amino acid residues of substrate-analogue inhibitors using metathesis or a copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition in combination with standard peptide couplings. The most potent bis-triazole derivative 10 inhibits plasmin and plasma kallikrein with K(i) of 0.77 and 2.4 nM, respectively, whereas it has poor activity against the related trypsin-like serine proteases thrombin, factor Xa, or activated protein C. Modeling experiments revealed that inhibitor 10 adopts a compact and rigid structure that fits well into the relatively open active site of plasmin and plasma kallikrein, while it is rejected from sterically demanding residues present in loops of the other enzymes. These results from modeling confirm the selectivity profile found for inhibitor 10 in enzyme kinetic studies. Such compounds might be useful lead structures for the development of new antifibrinolytic drugs for use in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass or organ transplantations to reduce bleeding complications.
Oligosaccharides related to tumor‐associate antigens. Part 3. Synthesis of the propyl glycosides of the trisaccharide β‐<scp>D</scp>‐Galp‐(1→3)‐β‐<scp>D</scp>‐Gal<i>p</i>NAc‐(1→3)‐α‐<scp>D</scp>‐Gal<i>p</i> and of the Tetrasaccharide α‐<scp>L</scp>‐Fuc<i>p</i>‐(1→2)‐β‐<scp>D</scp>‐Gal<i>p</i>‐(1→3)‐β‐<scp>D</scp>‐Gal<i>p</i>NAc‐(1→3)‐α‐<scp>D</scp>‐Gal<i>p</i>, components of a tumor antigen recognized by the antibody MBr1 (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of the trisaccharide β‐ D ‐Gal p ‐(1→3)‐β‐ D ‐Gal p NAc‐(1→3)‐α‐ D ‐Gal p ‐1‐OPr ( 2 ) and of the tetrasaccharide α‐ L ‐Fuc p ‐(1→2)‐β‐ D ‐Gal p NAc‐(1→3)‐β‐ D ‐Gal p ‐1‐OPr ( 3 ), starting from the disaccharidic dihydrooxazole donor 5 , is described. Glycosylation of 5 with 6 in the presence of Me 3 SiOTf gave the trisaccharide 7 which was deprotected with standard methods to give, via 8 , compound 2 ( Scheme 1 ). Alternatively, protection of 8 as the 4′,6′‐ O ‐benzylidene derivative 9 followed by glycosylation with 10 and by standard deprotection afforded the tetrasaccharide 3 ( Scheme 2 ). Biological testing showed that trisaccharide 2 is unable to inhibit the binding of the monoclonal antibody MBr1 to the target tumor cells MCF7, while tetrasaccharide 3 inhibits the binding in ca . 7‐fold extent with respect to the previously tested trisaccharide α‐ L ‐Fuc p ‐(1→2)‐β‐ D ‐Gal p ‐(1→3)‐β‐ D ‐Gal p NAc‐1‐OPr. These results indicate that the galactose corresponding to the unit D of compound 1 plays an important role in defining the MBr1‐recognized epitope and confirm the essential role of fucose for MAb recognition.
Impact of Ambient Vapors on Spectra of 4-Nitroaniline Recorded under Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) Mass Spectrometric Conditions (2023)

Thermally desorbed 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), upon atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), generates gaseous ions for its protonated species. The APCI mass spectrum recorded under mild in-source ion-activating conditions from 4-NA showed a peak at <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 139, whereas that acquired under high ion-activating conditions showed two additional peaks at <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 122 (<sup>•</sup>OH loss) and 92 (<sup>•</sup>NO loss). The spectrum changed instantaneously when acetonitrile vapor was introduced to the source. In the new spectrum, both <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 122 and 92 peaks were absent, while a new peak appeared at <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 93. Ion-mobility separation carried out with the <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 139 ion revealed that the initial ion represented the thermodynamically favored <i>nitro</i>-protonated tautomer. The ion population changed to an ensemble dominated by the less-favored <i>amino</i>-protomer when acetonitrile vapor was introduced to the ion source. The <i>amino</i>-protomer, upon collisional activation, loses <sup>•</sup>NO<sub>2</sub> to generate an <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 93 ion, which was confirmed to be the 4-dehydroanilinium ion. Ion mobility provided a practical way to monitor the changes secured by acetonitrile vapor because the two protomers showed different arrival times. Under spray-ionization conditions, the formation of the thermodynamically less favored protomer has been attributed to <i>kinetic trapping</i>. Our study demonstrated that the less favored amino-protomer could be generated by introducing acetonitrile vapor under nonspray conditions. Apparently, under APCI conditions, protonated water vapor attaches to the nitro group to generate a proton-bound heterodimer, which upon activation dissociates to yield the <i>nitro</i>-protomer. In contrast, protonated acetonitrile makes a tighter complex preferentially with the amino group, which upon activation breaks to the <i>amino</i>-protomer.
Harmonic interaction between 1500-kVA supply transformer and VFD load at an industrial plant (2002)

The application of variable frequency drives (VFDs) in industrial and commercial facilities has seen a tremendous increase in the last decade. When multiple VFDs are fed from one dedicated power transformer, care should be taken not to drive the transformer into saturation. At one industrial location, nine VFDs rated at 200 hp each, and fed from a single 1500 kVA air-cooled transformer, showed saturation phenomenon which had the potential of causing serious damage to the transformer. This paper discusses the input AC current waveform asymmetry caused by the interaction of the transformer and the nine 200 hp VFD load fed from it. The term waveform asymmetry is used when the positive half of the input AC current cycle is not equal to the negative half of the input AC current cycle. This results in the existence of DC components along with even harmonics in the input AC current waveform. The value of the inductance in the DC smoothing inductor (DC link choke), which is included as part of the VFD was found to contribute significantly to the waveform asymmetry. Experimental results showing the performance of a reconfigured DC link inductor to reduce its interaction with the power transformer are presented.
Genetic Variations and Haplotypes of UGT1A4 in a Japanese Population (2005)

Nineteen genetic variations, including 11 novel ones, were found in exon 1 and its flanking region of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4 gene from 256 Japanese subjects, consisting of 60 healthy volunteers, 88 cancer patients and 108 arrhythmic patients. These variations include -217T>G and -36G>A in the 5'-flanking region, 30G>A (P10P), 127delA (43fsX22; frame-shift from codon 43 resulting in the termination at the 22nd codon, codon 65), 175delG (59fsX6), 271C>T (R91C), 325A>G (R109G), and 357T>C (N119N) in exon 1, and IVS1+1G>T, IVS1+98A>G and IVS1+101G>T in the following intron. Among them, 127delA and 175delG can confer early termination of translation, resulting in an immature protein that probably lacks enzymatic activity. Variation IVS1+1G>T is located at a splice donor site and thus may lead to aberrant splicing. Since we did not find any significant differences in the frequencies of all the variations among the three subject groups, the data were analyzed as one group. The allele frequencies of the novel variations were 0.006 for IVS1+101G>T, 0.004 for 30G>A (P10P) and 357T>C (N119N), and 0.002 for the 8 other variations. In addition, the two known nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 31C>T (R11W) and 142T>G (L48V), were found at 0.012 and 0.129 frequencies, respectively. The SNP 70C>A (P24T), mostly linked with 142T>G (L48V) in German Caucasians, was not detected in this study. Sixteen haplotypes were identified or inferred, and some haplotypes were confirmed by cloning and sequencing. It was shown that most of 142T>G (L48V) was linked with -219C>T, -163G>A, 448T>C (L150L), 804G>A (P268P), and IVS1+43C>T, comprising haplotype *3a; haplotype *4a harbors 31C>T (R11W); 127delA (43fsX22) and 142T>G (L48V) were linked (haplotype *5a); 175delG (59fsX6) was linked with 325A>G (R109G) (*6a haplotype); and -219C>T, -163G>A, 142T>G (L48V), 271C>T (R91C), 448T>C (L150L), 804G>A (P268P), and IVS1+43C>T comprised haplotype *7a. Our results provide fundamental and useful information for genotyping UGT1A4 in the Japanese and probably Asian populations.
Food Applications of Membrane Bioreactors (2017)

This chapter discusses the current development of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and their application in food. MBRs or biochemical membrane reactors are systems in which a chemical conversion promoted by a catalyst of biological origin is implemented by a membrane operation. Besides the membrane module configuration and place where the reaction takes place, the crucial role of a membrane in a biochemical membrane reactor is to promote and control the mass transport of reaction components between the phases adjacent to it. MBRs and biocatalytic membrane reactors (BMRs) can work in a single liquid phase, heterogeneous liquid phases, as well as in multiphase systems. The most common BMRs with immobilized biocatalysts as well as the main methods for immobilization of enzymes on membranes will be illustrated. Enzymes can be immobilized by covalent bond between the protein and the membrane or agents attached to the membrane.
Towards a Brain-Sensitive Intelligent Tutoring System: Detecting Emotions from Brainwaves (2011)

This paper proposes and evaluates a multiagents system called NORA that predicts emotional attributes from learners' brainwaves within an intelligent tutoring system. The measurements from the electrical brain activity of the learner are combined with information about the learner's emotional attributes. Electroencephalogram was used to measure brainwaves and self-reports to measure the three emotional dimensions: pleasure, arousal, and dominance, the eight emotions occurring during learning: anger, boredom, confusion, contempt curious, disgust, eureka, and frustration, and the emotional valence positive for learning and negative for learning. The system is evaluated on natural data, and it achieves an accuracy of over 63%, significantly outperforming classification using the individual modalities and several other combination schemes.
Fundamental Underpinnings of Reconfigurable Computing Architectures (2015)

Reconfigurable architectures are a distinct point in the larger design space that includes programmable processors and nonprogrammable fixed-function devices. In this paper, we identify the major parameters that distinguish architectures in this design space and draw connections between these parameters and physical requirements (e.g., energy, delay, and area) and application characteristics (e.g., word width, locality). Building on these connections, we identify the fundamental advantages that reconfigurable architectures can offer.
&lt;title&gt;Adaptive filtering for air-to-ground surveillance&lt;/title&gt; (2004)

This paper introduces a new concept for air-to-ground noise radar based on adaptive filtering. A transmitting antenna illuminates a region of interest with a continuous, noise waveform. The processor within the receiver treats the illuminated scene as a linear system with unknown coefficients which filters the transmitted signal. Given access to the transmitted waveform and the digitized backscattered signal, the receiver adaptively estimates the unknown filter coefficients, using the same processing architecture as a wireless channel equalizer, and continues to update their values as the transmitter and receiver traverse their flight paths. The adapted filters correspond to range profiles of the illuminated scene which may be Doppler processed to yield synthetic aperture imagery.