gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of SNCR process in coal-fired boiler with large capacity (2010)

Modeling and numerical simulation for the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process in a 410 t/h coal-fired boiler were conducted based on the Fluent software.Good agreement of the calculation results with the data measured in field experiment confirms the feasibility of the presented method for predicting the NOx formation and reduction processes in the furnace with large capacity,complex field and complex flow field.The simulation shows that the NOx removal effect largely depends on the interaction between turbulence diffusion and field,in the case that the reagent’s original mixing with NOx is quite limited.The influence of level and NH3/NO molar ratio in different injecting cross-sections on the SNCR process was studied.The results show that the injecting cross-section should be placed at the corresponding height of the cross-section whose located in the middle of the SNCR temperature window.In this state,the NOx removal efficiency is above 42%,and it increases approximately by 58% when NH3/NO molar ratio rises from 1.0 to 2.2.However,considering the NH3 leakage in the empennage area simultaneously,NH3/NO molar ratio should be controlled bellow 1.4.
Allogeneic Transplantation of Fetal Membrane–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets Increases Neovascularization and Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction in Rats (2013)

Transplantation of allogeneic FM-MSC or autologous BM-MSC sheets attenuated myocardial dysfunction in a rat MI model to a similar degree. The engraftment rate of transplanted cells and immune cell infiltration into the transplanted area did not differ between the two types of MSC transplants. M2 macrophage induction has possible involvement in the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation. Allogeneic FM-MSC sheet transplantation might be a new therapeutic strategy after MI.
Research paper Multiplexed PrEST immunization for high-throughput affinity proteomics (2006)

Monospecific antibodies dfdfdfdf (msAbs) generated through antigen specific purification of polyclonal antisera are valuable tools in proteome analyses. However, proteome wide generation of msAbs would require extensive immunization programs. Therefore, it would be desirable to develop efficient immunization and purification methods to reduce the number of animals needed for such antibody-based research. Here we describe a multiplex immunization strategy for generation of msAbs towards recombinantly produced human protein fragments, denoted PrESTs. Antisera from rabbits immunized with a mixture of two, three, five and up to ten different PrESTs have been purified by a two-step immunoaffinity-based protocol and the efficiency of the purification method was analyzed using a two-color protein array concept. The obtained results showed that almost 80% of the animals immunized with antigens composed of two or three different PrESTs yielded antibodies recognizing all the included PrESTs. Furthermore, the modified two-step purification method effectively eliminated all background binding and produced pure antibody pools against individual PrESTs. This indicates that the multiplexed PrEST immunization strategy described here could become useful for high-throughput antibody-based proteomics initiatives, thus significantly reducing the number of animals needed in addition to providing a more cost-efficient method for production of msAbs.
Auto-creation of Android Malware Family Tree (2021)

Android malware has been a growing threat. For an effective countermeasure against Android malware, we need to not only detect the malware at a certain point in time but also analyze its time-series changes of malware, taking into account that the family of Android malware will increase in number over time. In this paper, we propose a new method for automatically creating a "family tree" of Android malware that can represent how the newly detected Android malware is related to existing Android malware and its families, and how they have changed over time. Our evaluation using 24,474 actual Android malware APKs shows that our proposed family tree is able to accurately represent time-series changes between malware families.
Mechanisms of anti-CD4-mediated depletion and immunotherapy. A study using a set of chimeric anti-CD4 antibodies. (1990)

A family of rat-mouse chimeric anti-murine CD4 antibodies was used to study the mechanisms of anti-CD4-mediated depletion and immunotherapy. The chimeric antibodies retain identical affinity and specificity as the therapeutically effective prototype antibody, rat GK1.5, but are of different mouse isotypes. GK1.5 gamma 1, GK1.5 gamma 2a, and GK1.5 gamma 2b are significantly more effective at CD4+ cell depletion than rat GK1.5 when low doses of antibody are administered. In contrast, no depletion is seen with GK1.5 gamma 3 at any dose. Depletion of CD4+ cells in vivo is not correlated with either the ability of the antibody to mediate C-dependent cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro, implying that additional antibody-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms occur in vivo. The chimeric antibodies were used to investigate the mechanism of GK1.5-mediated immunotherapy in a prototypic model of T cell-mediated autoimmunity, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Mice treated with a single dose of 100 micrograms of either GK1.5, GK1.5 gamma 1, or GK1.5 gamma 2a showed significant recovery within 72 h. In contrast, mice treated with 100 micrograms of GK1.5 gamma 3 showed only marginal improvement within the first 72 h and regressed within 5 days of treatment initiation. These data suggest that anti-CD4-mediated immunotherapy of murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is correlated with depletion of CD4+ cells.
Neutrophils enhance clearance of necrotic epithelial cells in ozone-induced lung injury in rhesus monkeys (1999)

To test the hypothesis that neutrophil influx is important for the removal of necrotic airway epithelial cells, rhesus monkeys were treated with a function-blocking monoclonal antibody (MAb) against CD18 followed by exposure to ozone or filtered air. CD18 MAb-treated, ozone-exposed monkeys showed a significant inhibition of neutrophil emigration and an accumulation of necrotic airway epithelial cells. In a subsequent experiment, monkeys were given CD18 MAb or an isotype control immunoglobulin before ozone or filtered-air exposure. Complement 5a was instilled into lobes of the right lung at the end of the exposure. Lavage neutrophils were significantly elevated in the right lobes compared with those in the contralateral left lobes; consequently, there were significantly fewer necrotic cells in the airways of the right lung, whereas large aggregations of necrotic cells were observed in the contralateral airways of the left lung. These data indicate that neutrophil influx in ozone-induced injury in primates is CD18 dependent and that neutrophils contribute to the repair of airway epithelium by removal of injured epithelial cells.
Synthesis of Metakaolin Based Alkali Activated Materials as an Adsorbent at Different Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratios and Exposing Temperatures for Cu2+ Removal (2023)

Water contamination is a major issue due to industrial releases of hazardous heavy metals. Copper ions are among the most dangerous heavy metals owing to their carcinogenicity and harmful effects on the environment and human health. Adsorption of copper ions using alkali activated materials synthesized through the polycondensation reaction of an alkali source and aluminosilicates is the most promising technique, and has a high adsorption capability owing to a large surface area and pore volume. This research focuses on the effect of the alkaline activator ratio, which is a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio. Various exposing temperatures on metakaolin based alkali activated materials on a surface structure with excellent functional properties can be used as adsorbent materials for the removal of copper ions. A variety of mix designs were created with varying sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios, with a fixed sodium hydroxide molarity, metakaolin to alkali activator ratio, hydrogen peroxide, and surfactant content of 10 M, 0.8, 1.00 wt%, and 3.0 wt%, respectively. Most wastewater adsorbents need high sintering temperatures, requiring an energy-intensive and time-consuming manufacturing process. In this way, metakaolin-based alkali activated materials are adsorbent and may be produced easily by solidifying the sample at 60 °C without using much energy. The specific surface area, water absorption, microstructure, phase analysis, functional group analysis, and adsorption capability of copper ions by metakaolin based alkali activated materials as adsorbents were evaluated. The water absorption test on the samples revealed that the sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide 0.5 ratio had the highest water absorption percentage of 36.24%, superior pore size distribution, and homogeneous porosity at 60 °C, with a surface area of 24.6076 m<sup>2</sup>/g and the highest copper ion uptake of 63.726 mg/g with 95.59% copper ion removal efficiency at adsorption condition of pH = 5, a dosage of 0.15 g, 100 mg/L of the initial copper solution, the temperature of 25 °C, and contact time of 60 min. It is concluded that self-supported metakaolin based alkali activated material adsorbents synthesized at low temperatures effectively remove copper ions in aqueous solutions, making them an excellent alternative for wastewater treatment applications.
Spectroscopy of shallow InAs/InP quantum wire nanostructures (2009)

A comprehensive investigation of the optical properties of InAs/InP(001) quantum wires (QWrs) and their parent quantum well system formed by the deposition of 4 ML (monolayers) of InAs on InP is carried out by means of temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Unusual two-branch switching of the excitonic PL band maxima is revealed in the temperature dependence for both wires and wells. This is interpreted in terms of the thermal activation of excitonic ground states of the confined nanostructures. Strong modification of the absorbance line shape leading to the appearance of flat spectral regions in the room temperature spectrum of a QWr sample is interpreted in terms of thermally induced change of the dimensionality: from 1D to anisotropic 2D. This change of dimensionality is detected also in the polarized absorbance measurements through the disappearance or significant reduction of the polarization anisotropy in the regions of the hh1-e1 (hh: heavy hole; e: electron) and lh1-e1 (lh: light hole) transitions in QWrs.
Correction and addendum to “Boundary regularity of minimizers of p(x)-energy functionals” [Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire 33 (2) (2016) 451–476] (2017)

In the paper [1] “Boundary regularity of minimizers of p(x) -energy functionals”, some modifications are needed.
Microcirugía ortodóncica: una nueva técnica guiada quirúrgicamnte para el movimiento dental (2007)

Ocho pacientes con maloclusion fueron tratados con una nueva tecnica ortodoncica-quirorgica que permite reducir la duracion del tratamiento en comparacion con las tecnicas convencionales. La tecnica de luxacion dental monocortical y distraccion ligamentosa (LDMDL) combina dos movimientos dentales diferentes que actuan por separado, pero de forma simultanea, sobre superficies radiculares opuestas. En la superficie radicular correspondiente a la direccion de desplazamiento, se practican unas corticotomias micro quirurgicas horizontales alrededor de cada raiz dental con una microsierra pieza quirurgico para vencer la resistencia del hueso cortical. Gracias a la aplicacion inmediata de fuerzas biomecanicas muy intensos, se consigue una rapida luxacion conjunta de la raiz y el hueso cortical. En la superficie radicular opuesta a la direccion de desplazamiento, la fuerza de luxacion produce una rapida distraccion de las fibras ligamentosas. Durante el proceso osteogonico que tiene lugar a continuacion, se consigue el desplazamiento final del diente mediante dispositivos biomecanicas ortodoncicos normales. Los ocho pacientes se sometieren a revisiones periodontales y radiologicas durante mas de un ano tras la conclusion del tratamiento. No se observaron defectos periodontales en ninguno de los pacientes, incluido uno con una malclusion muy marcada y un tejido periodontal de biotipo fino. En comparacion con el tratamiento ortodoncico tradicional, el tiempo medio de tratamiento con la tecnica LDMDL se reduje un 60% y un 70% en les maxilares inferior y superior respectivamente. (Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2007; 27:325-331.)
Effect of Age on Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients (2021)

An effective but balanced cellular and inflammatory immune response may limit the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), whereas uncontrolled inflammation leads to disease progression. Older age is associated with higher risk of COVID-19 and a worse outcome, but the underlying immunological mechanisms for this age-related difference are not clear. We investigated the impact of age on viral replication, inflammation, and innate and adaptive cellular immune responses in 205 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. During the early symptomatic phase of COVID-19, we found that patients above 65 years had significantly higher viral load, higher levels of proinflammatory markers, and inadequate mobilization and activation of monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and CD8 T cells compared to those below 65 years. Our study points toward age-related deficiencies in the innate immune cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 as a potential cause of poorly controlled viral replication and inflammation during the early symptom phase and subsequent disease progression.
Automated design of self-adjusting pipelines (2008)

We propose a self-adjusting pipeline structure to enhance chip performance and robustness considering the effects of process variations. We achieve this by introducing delay sensors to monitor internal timing violations within a pipeline stage and variable clock skew buffers to adjust the timing of the pipeline stage based on the feedback from the delay sensors. Furthermore, we formulate the delay sensor insertion and variable clock skew configuration problem as a stochastic mixed-integer programming problem and propose a simulated-annealing based algorithm to solve it. A comparison between the designs with and without the self-adjusting enhancement reveals that, we are able to improve the average performance of a batch of chips by 9.5%.
Control of Stochastic Boundary Coverage by Multirobot Systems (2014)

This technical brief summarizes and extends our recently introduced control framework for stochastically allocating a swarm of robots among boundaries of circular regions. As in the previous work, a macroscopic model of the swarm population dynamics is used to synthesize robot control policies that establish and maintain stable predictable team sizes around region boundaries. However, this extension shows that the control strategy can be implemented with no robot-to-robot communication. Moreover, target team sizes can vary across different types of regions, where a region's type is a subjective characteristic that only needs to be detectable by each individual robot. Thus, regions of one type may have a higher equilibrium team size than regions of another type. In other work that predicts and controls stochastic swarm behaviors using macroscopic models, the equilibrium allocations of the swarm are sensitive to changes in the mean robot encounter rates with objects in the environment. Thus, in those works, as the swarm density or number of objects changes, the control policies on each robot must be retuned to achieve the desired allocations. However, our approach is insensitive to changes in encounter rate and therefore requires no retuning as the environment changes. In this extension, we validate these claims and show how the convergence rate to the target equilibrium allocations can be controlled in swarms with a sufficiently large free-robot population. Furthermore, we demonstrate how our framework can be used to experimentally measure the rates of robot encounters with occupied and unoccupied sections of region boundaries. Thus, our method can be viewed both as an encounter-rate-independent allocation strategy as well as a tool for accurately measuring encounter rates when using other swarm control strategies that depend on them.
Supplementary Table 1 from Pediatric &lt;i&gt;KIT&lt;/i&gt;–Wild-Type and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α–Wild-Type Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Share KIT Activation but not Mechanisms of Genetic Progression with Adult Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Pediatric &lt;i&gt;KIT&lt;/i&gt;–Wild-Type and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α–Wild-Type Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Share KIT Activation but not Mechanisms of Genetic Progression with Adult Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Data from Phase I/II Study of Oncolytic HSV&lt;sup&gt;GM-CSF&lt;/sup&gt; in Combination with Radiotherapy and Cisplatin in Untreated Stage III/IV Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This study sought to define the recommended dose of JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF, an oncolytic herpes simplex type-1 virus (HSV-1) encoding human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), for future studies in combination with chemoradiotherapy in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with stage III/IVA/IVB SCCHN received chemoradiotherapy (70 Gy/35 fractions with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; on days 1, 22, and 43) and dose-escalating (10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; pfu/mL for cohort 1; 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; for cohort 2; 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; for cohort 3) JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF by intratumoral injection on days 1, 22, 43, and 64. Patients underwent neck dissection 6 to 10 weeks later. Primary end points were safety and recommended dose/schedule for future study. Secondary end points included antitumor activity (radiologic, pathologic). Relapse rates and survival were also monitored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Seventeen patients were treated without delays to chemoradiotherapy or dose-limiting toxicity. Fourteen patients (82.3%) showed tumor response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and pathologic complete remission was confirmed in 93% of patients at neck dissection. HSV was detected in injected and adjacent uninjected tumors at levels higher than the input dose, indicating viral replication. All patients were seropositive at the end of treatment. No patient developed locoregional recurrence, and disease-specific survival was 82.4% at a median follow-up of 29 months (range, 19-40 months).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF combined with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is well tolerated in patients with SCCHN. The recommended phase II dose is 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;. Locoregional control was achieved in all patients, with a 76.5% relapse-free rate so far. Further study of this approach is warranted in locally advanced SCCHN. Clin Cancer Res; 16(15); 4005–15. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Medical Imaging in Drug Discovery, Part III (2004)

‘Whole body’ imaging potentially can make fundamental research more useful and help clinicians evaluate new treatments quickly and more effectively. One particular asset to productivity is that because only very low amounts of radiolabeled drug have to be administered for analysis, human studies can be carried out even before the drug is entered into Phase I trials.
Mechanism of resistance to cisplatin in a human ovarian-carcinoma cell line selected for resistance to doxorubicin: Possible role of p53 (1997)

A possible novel mechanism of cross-resistance to cisplatin (CDDP) in the doxorubicin-resistant ovarian-cancer cell line A2780-DX3, which displays atypical multidrug resistance, is presented. A2780-DX3 is found to be more resistant than the parental line A2780 in terms of CDDP-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Resistance is not related to the amount of cross-links. Topoisomerase-II (topII) protein levels were similar in both cell lines, with lower cleavage activity in A2780-DX3 cells. The parental and the doxorubicin-resistant cells expressed the same level of c-erb2, which could be implicated in CDDP resistance. bcl2 was almost undetectable in both cell lines. At the same time, we found strong induction of p53, waf-1 and bax protein levels after CDDP treatment in the A2780, but not in the A2780-DX3, cell line. Treatment of both cell lines with mitomycin C (MMC), which acts with a mechanism different from CDDP, caused equal accumulation of p53 and induction of bax. We found that A2780-DX3 cells exhibit altered cellular localization of p53 protein in comparison with A2780. A significant proportion of p53 in A2780-DX3 cells was found in the cytoplasmic compartment, and CDDP treatment induced a functional p53 protein in the nucleus of A2780 much more strongly than in A2780-DX3, which coincides with an increase of transcriptional activity of p53 in treated A2780 cells. We propose that the cross-resistance to CDDP in the A2780-DX3 cell line may be due to inactivation of a CDDP-dependent p53-accumulation pathway.
Modelling Bovine Granuloma Formation In Vitro upon Infection with Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis (2019)

<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> (<i>Map</i>) causes chronic granulomatous disease in cattle and ruminant livestock, causing substantial economic losses. Current vaccines delay clinical signs but cannot train the immune system to fully eradicate latent <i>Map</i>. During latency, <i>Map</i> uses host defenses, cage-like macrophage clusters called granuloma, as incubators for months or years. We used an in vitro model to investigate the early coordination of macrophages into granuloma upon <i>Map</i> infection over ten days. We found that at multiplicities of infection (MOI; <i>Map</i>:macrophages) of 1:2 and below, the macrophages readily form clusters and evolve pro-inflammatory cytokines in keeping with a cell-mediated immune response. At higher MOIs, viability of host macrophages is negatively impacted. At 1:4 MOI, we quantified viable <i>Map</i> in our model and confirmed that intracellular <i>Map</i> reproduced over the first five days of infection. Host cells expressed Type 1-specific cytokines, and <i>Map</i>-infected macrophages displayed reduced motility compared to <i>Map</i>-exposed, uninfected macrophages, suggesting an important role for uninfected macrophages in the early aggregative response. Reported is the first in vitro JD granuloma model capturing <i>Map</i> and macrophage viability, size distribution of resulting clusters, motility of monocyte-derived macrophages, and cytokine response during clustering, allowing quantitative analysis of multiple parameters of the <i>Map</i>-specific granulomatous response.