gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum Concentrations of Polyclonal Free Light Chains Predict Post Transplantation Infections (2012)

Polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) free light chains (FLC) represent the activity of the adaptive immune system. However unlike intact Ig, FLCs are principally cleared by the kidneys and have short serum half lives. Previous work has demonstrated that serum FLC concentrations are influenced by the dose of immunosuppressants used post transplantation. The purpose of this study was to determine if polyclonal FLC concentrations predict the future risk of infective episodes in renal transplant recipients. Methods: Serial serum samples collected from 79 incident renal transplant recipients were assessed for FLCs, Ig and cystatin C concentrations. Combined polyclonal FLC (cFLC) concentration was calculated by summating k+l. A correction for renal function was then made with cystatin C ([k+l]/cysC). Clinical data was captured prospectively. Statistical significance was assessed using Kruskall-Wallace with Dunn's post-test and Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: By day 14 post-transplant, the median eGFR was 47.50ml/min this remained stable at 12 months (median 47ml/min, range 7-90). Median serum cFLC pre-transplant was increased at 145.9mg/L (range 21.27-442.5mg/L; normal range 9.33-44.27mg/L). cFLC was significantly reduced by day 14 median 25.67mg/L, p< 0.001, and remained reduced at 12 months (median 30.64mg/L, p< 0.001). Baseline corrFLC was 28.7mg/L (range 12.7-77.3mg/L) these decreased to 13.7mg/L, p< 0.001 by day 14, but then steadily increased over the follow up period (p< 0.001). A similar pattern was observed with IgG (baseline vs. day 14 p< 0.001, 1 month vs. 12 months p< 0.05). Sixty of the 79 patients (76%) experienced at least one infective episode during the first 12 months post transplantation. Patients with a low corrFLC level were more likely to experience an infection in the 90 days following the sample (78%) than patients within or above the normal range (43%) (p=0.002). Increases in corrFLC concentrations mirrored infective episodes. There was no difference in FLC concentrations between patients who received an ABO incompatible kidney (19/79 patients). Conclusion: Serum concentrations of polyclonal FLCs represent a dynamic marker of immune activity and can be used to identify patients at higher risk of infective episodes post transplantation. Future work is now required to determine if the doses of immunosuppressants can be modified ‘real-time’ in relationship to the cFLC levels.
Ultrafast Doppler imaging and Ultrasound Localization Microscopy reveal the complexity of vascular rearrangement in chronic spinal lesion (2022)

Abstract Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe damage to the microvascular network. The process of spontaneous repair is accompanied by formation of new blood vessels; their functionality, however, presumably very important for functional recovery, has never been clearly established, as most studies so far used fixed tissues. Here, combining ultrafast Doppler imaging and Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) on the same animals, we proceeded at a detailed analysis of structural and functional vascular alterations associated with the establishment of chronic SCI, both at macroscopic and microscopic scales. Using a standardized animal model of SCI, our results demonstrate striking hemodynamic alterations in several subparts of the spinal cord: a reduced blood velocity in the lesion site, and an asymmetrical hypoperfusion caudal but not rostral to the lesion. In addition, the worsening of many evaluated parameters at later time points suggests that the neoformed vascular network is not yet fully operational, and reveals ULM as an efficient in vivo readout for spinal cord vascular alterations. Finally, we show statistical correlations between the diverse biomarkers of vascular dysfunction and SCI severity. The imaging modality developed here will allow evaluating recovery of vascular function over time in pre-clinical models of SCI. Also, used on SCI patients in combination with other quantitative markers of neural tissue damage, it may help classifying lesion severity and predict possible treatment outcomes in patients.
A study of brachial plexus potentials using a 3-dimensional electrode array (1988)

Brachial plexus potentials were investigated with a three-dimensional orthogonal electrode array. The array was simulated using an ideal, infinitely homogeneous model. The model was verified by testing human subjects with the arm abducted at three different angles to determine whether changes in nerve orientation would alter the potential waveforms. Potentials were recorded for both ulnar and median nerves. Results show qualitative correlation between the simulation and test results. Differences between the median and ulnar nerve waveforms were consistently measurable, and the change in shoulder position was shown to the statistically correlated with changes in waveform latencies. The results suggest that observed differences and changes are due to the change in dipole orientation rather than the change in current density that occurs when the nerve enters the torso from the arm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SU-E-J-104: Evaluation of Accuracy for Various Deformable Image Registrations with Virtual Deformation QA Software (2015)

Purpose: The accuracy of deformable image registration (DIR) has a significant dosimetric impact in radiation treatment planning. We evaluated accuracy of various DIR algorithms using virtual deformation QA software (ImSimQA, Oncology System Limited, UK). Methods: The reference image (Iref) and volume (Vref) was first generated with IMSIMQA software. We deformed Iref with axial movement of deformation point and Vref depending on the type of deformation that are the deformation1 is to increase the Vref (relaxation) and the deformation 2 is to decrease the Vref (contraction) .The deformed image (Idef) and volume (Vdef) were inversely deformed to Iref and Vref using DIR algorithms. As a Result, we acquired deformed image (Iid) and volume (Vid). The DIR algorithms were optical flow (HS, IOF) and demons (MD, FD) of the DIRART. The image similarity evaluation between Iref and Iid was calculated by Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) and Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC). The value of Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) was used for evaluation of volume similarity. Results: When moving distance of deformation point was 4 mm, the value of NMI was above 1.81 and NCC was above 0.99 in all DIR algorithms. Since the degree of deformation was increased, the degree of image similarity was decreased. When the Vref increased or decreased about 12%, the difference between Vref and Vid was within ±5% regardless of the type of deformation. The value of DSC was above 0.95 in deformation1 except for the MD algorithm. In case of deformation 2, that of DSC was above 0.95 in all DIR algorithms. Conclusion: The Idef and Vdef have not been completely restored to Iref and Vref and the accuracy of DIR algorithms was different depending on the degree of deformation. Hence, the performance of DIR algorithms should be verified for the desired applications.
D8.2 Oxyfuel suspension calciner test results (2018)

This deliverable (D8.2) summarizes the calcination tests conducted within work package 8 (WP8) of CEMCAP project. The main objective was to perform reference air and oxyfuel calcination tests, to evaluate a possible shift of calcination temperature in a CO2-rich oxyfuel environment. The oxyfuel tests were further extended to evaluate the most industrially relevant operational parameters like temperature, residence time and atmosphere. The test results show the average shift of 50-70 K for oxyfuel calcination, which is in line with studies publically available. Provided the higher temperature, reference calcination level (≥90 %) could be achieved within existing suspension calciner conditions. For the test conducted with fuel addition, the reference calcination level (≥90%) for air case was achieved at temperature of 860°C (similar to the temperature reported for industrial calciner), while for oxyfuel case the temperature level up to 940°C was required to achieve similar level of calcination.<br> The evident problem of amplified formation of deposits at higher temperatures in the calciner could not be linked to increase sintering of raw meal itself. From that point of view retrofitting of existing calciners to oxyfuel operation seems possible. However, to clarify the deposit issue, there should be invested some effort to investigate the influence of ashes derived from burning (alternative) calciner fuel at oxyfuel calcination temperature. Further research and development work should be focused on pilot scale trials in real calciner (hardware) configurations and modeling studies for retrofitting options.
Brassinosteroid Levels Increase Drastically Prior to Morphogenesis of Tracheary Elements (2001)

As the first step toward understanding the involvement of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in cytodifferentiation, we analyzed biosynthetic activities of BRs in zinnia (Zinnia elegans L. cv Canary Bird) cells differentiating into tracheary elements. The results of feeding experiments suggested that both the early and late C6-oxidation pathways occur during tracheary element differentiation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that five BRs, castasterone, typhasterol, 6-deoxocastasterone, 6-deoxotyphasterol, and 6-deoxoteasterone, actually existed in cultured zinnia cells and culture medium. Quantification of endogenous BRs in each stage of tracheary element differentiation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry exhibited that they increased dramatically prior to the morphogenesis, which was consistent with the idea that BRs are necessary for the initiation of the final stage of tracheary element differentiation. Moreover, the proportion of each BR in culture medium was quite different from that in cells, suggesting that specific BRs are selectively secreted into medium and may function outside the cells.
Computation and visualization of three-dimensional soft tissue motion in the orbit (2002)

This work presents a method to measure the soft tissue motion in three dimensions in the orbit during gaze. It has been shown that two-dimensional (2-D) quantification of soft tissue motion in the orbit is effective in the study of orbital anatomy and motion disorders. However, soft tissue motion is a three-dimensional (3-D) phenomenon and part of the kinematics is lost in any 2-D measurement. Therefore, T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging volume sequences are acquired during gaze and soft tissue motion is quantified using a generalization of the Lucas and Kanade optical flow algorithm to three dimensions. New techniques have been developed for visualizing the 3-D flow field as a series of color-texture mapped 2-D slices or as a combination of volume rendering for display of the anatomy and scintillation rendering for the display of the motion field. We have studied the performance of the algorithm on four-dimensional volume sequences of synthetic motion, simulated motion of a static object imaged by MR, an MR-imaged rotating object and MR-imaged motion in the human orbit during gaze. The accuracy of the analysis is sufficient to characterize motion in the orbit and scintillation rendering is an effective visualization technique for 3-D motion in the orbit.
WHO Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS) Extension  for Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020: Recommendations, Explanation, and Elaboration (2020)

Abstract Background: Although the WHO Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS) has been published for many years, the quality of clinical trial registrations with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still not satisfactory, especially about the inadequate reporting on TCM interventions. The development of the WHO TRDS for TCM Extension 2020 (WHO TRDS-TCM 2020) aims to address this inadequacy. Methods: A group of clinical experts, methodologists, epidemiologists, and editors has developed this WHO TRDS-TCM 2020 through a comprehensive process, including the baseline survey, draft of the initial items, three-round of Delphi survey, solicitation of comments, revision, and finalization. Results: The WHO TRDS-TCM 2020 statement extends the latest version (V.1.3.1) of TRDS published in November 2017. The checklist includes 11 extended items (including subitems), namely Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support (Item 4), Scientific Title (Item 10a and 10b), Countries of Recruitment (Item 11), Health Condition(s) or Problem(s) Studied (Item 12), Intervention(s) (Item 13a, 13b and 13c), Key Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria (Item 14), Primary and Key Secondary Outcomes (Item 19 to 20), and Lay Summary (Item B1). For Item 13 (Interventions), three common TCM interventions--i.e., Chinese herbal medicine formulas, acupuncture and moxibustion—are elaborated. Conclusions: The group hopes that the WHO TRDS-TCM 2020 can improve the reporting quality and transparency of TCM trial registrations, assist registries in assessing the registration quality of TCM trials, and help readers understand TCM trial design. Trial registration: Not applicable.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Immunosuppressive and Prometastatic Functions of Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells Rely upon Education from Tumor-Associated B Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;B cells from in tumor-bearing mice up regulate TGFÎ²ï�¢expression to educate MDSC via TGFÎ² receptor signaling.&lt;/p&gt;
Coordinated rescheduling of Bag‐of‐Tasks for executions on multiple resource providers (2011)

SUMMARY Metaschedulers can distribute parts of a Bag‐of‐Tasks (BoT) application among various resource providers in order to speed up its execution. The expected completion time of the user application is then calculated based on the run‐time estimates of all applications running and waiting for resources. However, because of inaccurate run time estimates, initial schedules are not those that provide users with the earliest completion time. These estimates increase the time distance between the first and last tasks of a BoT application, which increases average user response time, especially in multi‐provider environments. This paper proposes a coordinated rescheduling algorithm to handle inaccurate run‐time estimates when executing BoT applications in multi‐provider environments. The coordinated rescheduling defines which tasks can have start time updated based on the expected completion time of the entire BoT application. We have also evaluated the impact of system‐generated run‐time estimates to schedule BoT applications on multiple providers. We performed experiments using simulations and a real distributed platform, Grid'5000. From our experiments, we obtained reductions of up to 5 and 10% for response time and slowdown metrics, respectively, by using coordinated rescheduling over a traditional rescheduling solution. Moreover, coordinated rescheduling requires little modification of existing scheduling systems. System‐generated predictions, on the other hand, are more complex to be deployed and may not reduce response times as much as coordinated rescheduling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous polarimeter retrievals of microphysical aerosol and ocean color parameters from the “MAPP” algorithm with comparison to high-spectral-resolution lidar aerosol and ocean products (2018)

We present an optimal-estimation-based retrieval framework, the microphysical aerosol properties from polarimetry (MAPP) algorithm, designed for simultaneous retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties and ocean color bio-optical parameters using multi-angular total and polarized radiances. Polarimetric measurements from the airborne NASA Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) were inverted by MAPP to produce atmosphere and ocean products. The RSP MAPP results are compared with co-incident lidar measurements made by the NASA High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar HSRL-1 and HSRL-2 instruments. Comparisons are made of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 355 and 532 nm, lidar column-averaged measurements of the aerosol lidar ratio and Ångstrøm exponent, and lidar ocean measurements of the particulate hemispherical backscatter coefficient and the diffuse attenuation coefficient. The measurements were collected during the 2012 Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) campaign and the 2014 Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research (SABOR) campaign. For the SABOR campaign, 73% RSP MAPP retrievals fall within ±0.04 AOD at 532 nm as measured by HSRL-1, with an <i>R</i> value of 0.933 and root-mean-square deviation of 0.0372. For the TCAP campaign, 53% of RSP MAPP retrievals are within 0.04 AOD as measured by HSRL-2, with an <i>R</i> value of 0.927 and root-mean-square deviation of 0.0673. Comparisons with HSRL-2 AOD at 355 nm during TCAP result in an <i>R</i> value of 0.959 and a root-mean-square deviation of 0.0694. The RSP retrievals using the MAPP optimal estimation framework represent a key milestone on the path to a combined <i>lidar</i>+<i>polarimeter</i> retrieval using both HSRL and RSP measurements.
Very early cytological and DNA‐cytometric diagnosis of <i>in situ</i> carcinoma in an immunosuppressed liver transplant recipient (2005)

Non-invasive brush biopsies are of great importance for the very early identification of mucosal areas with a high risk for malignant transformation through cytological and DNA-cytometric examination.
An Investigation of the Irradiation Swelling Mechanisms in Refractory Metals at High Temperatures. (1985)

Abstract : This report presents the results of an investigation of elevated temperature irradiation swelling in refractory metals with an objective of understanding swelling mechanisms in these materials and demonstrating practicality of swelling-resistant materials. The study was divided into three phases. During the first phase, a theoretical model was developed for the swelling in body-centered cubic (bcc) metals. The model was based on chemical reaction rate formalism. Calculations were carried out on on a model material, niobium, which was selected for the study. Experimental and theoretical work was conducted to determine the swelling mechanism. Niobium was irradiated with Nb(++) ions to a dose of 50 dpa and swelling was determined by transmission electron microscopy. A peak swelling at 900C of 7% was observed. No swelling was observed above 1300C. The experimental data were compared to those predicted by the theoretical model. Reasonable agreements were obtained between the experimental and theoretical swelling curve when niobium-oxygen interaction was included. Sink strength ratios were also calculated from the data. The theoretical model was extended during the second phase to include loop growth/ shrinkage in bcc metals. During the third phase of the program, two alloys, Nb- 5Hf and Nb-5W, were irradiated with Nb(++) alone and with Nb(++) + He(+) over a temperature range of 800 - 1350C.
Spectral Color Management using Interim Connection Spaces based on Spectral Decomposition (2006)

A feasible approach to spectral color management was previously defined to include lookups performed within an interim connection space (ICS). The ICS is situated between a high-dimensional spectral profile connection space and output units. The definition of ICS axes and the minimum number of ICS dimensions are explored through consideration of LabPQR, an ICS described in earlier work. LabPQR has three colorimetric dimensions (CIELAB) and additional dimensions to describe a metameric black (PQR). Several versions of LabPQR are explored. One type defines PQR axes based on metameric blacks generated from Cohen and Kappauf's spectral decomposition. The second type is constructed in an unconstrained way where metameric blacks are statistically derived based on the spectral characteristics of the target output device. For a six-dimensional LabPQR, one that uses three colorimetric and three metameric black dimensions, it was found that Cohen and Kappauf-based LabPQR was inferior for estimating the spectra when compared to the unconstrained method. However, when the limited spectral gamut of an output device was introduced through printer simulation and necessary spectral gamut mapping, the disadvantage of six-dimensional Cohen and Kappauf-based LabPQR dissipated. On the other hand, reducing LabPQR to only five-dimensions (two metameric black dimensions) reintroduced the advanatage of the unconstrained approach even after virtual printer was consulted and spectral gamut mapping calculated. Importantly, it was found that the five-dimensional unconstrained approach achieved equivalent levels of performance to a full 31-dimensional approach within simulated printer spectral gamut limitations.
Magnetic and crystallographic properties of Cr1−<i>x</i>Ti<i>x</i>As (0≤<i>x</i>≤1) (1984)

Magnetic and crystallographic measurements have been made in the temperature region from 77 to about 900 K for the compounds Cr1−xTixAs(0≤x≤1). The resulting phase diagram is composed mainly of three regions; (1) a low spin region with the crystal structure of the orthorhombic MnP type, where the chromium magnetic moment μCr takes the value of 1.7 μB; (2) a transition region with the MnP type structure, where the value of μCr changes gradually with temperature and composition; and (3) a high spin region with the hexagonal NiAs type structure, where μCr ≊3μB. Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility is expressed by the Curie–Weiss law only in the region where the crystal is of the NiAs type.
Absceso hepático piógeno : aspectos clínicos, terapéuticos y evolutivos (1999)

Mediante un estudio retrospectivo y multicentrico,durante el periodo 1985-97, se trato de cuantificar, describir y estudiar en profundidad las caracteristicas clinicas y terapeuticas de 133 pacientes tratatos por absceso hepatico piogeno, asi como obsersar sus variaciones a lo largo del mismo; ademas se intento identificar factores de resgo de curso clinico complicado en general (CCC), curso clinico complicado relacionado con el absceso(CCCR) y mortalidad. Se realizoun estudio estadistico descriptivo convencional, completado posteriormente con un analisis multivariante de regresion logistica, con el fin de identificar factores pronosticos de morbimortalidad. La incidencia global fue de 0.015% de los ingresos, con una edad de maxima afectacion entre la 6a y 7a decadas de la vida y con predominio sobre sexo masculino(hombre/mujer=1.6:1). La etiopatogenia mas comun fue la via por contiguidad, conformada principalmente por abscesos secundarios a patologia vesicular, seguida del origen criptogenetico. La clinica y los datos de laboratorio fueron habitualmente inespecificos existiendo frecuente afectacion de las pruebas hepaticas en los AHP de origen biliar. La ecografia y la TAC fueron los pilares diagnosticos, con sensibilidades del 94% y 99%, respectivamente. Los aerobios Gram-negativos fueron los agentes aislados con mayor frecuencia en los cultivos, en especial E.coli, seguidos de los aerobios Gram-positivos(Streptococcus milleri). El drenaje percutaneo asociado a antibioterapia fue la opcion terapeutica mas utilizada en la serie 63(47.4%), sobre todo el cateter-drenaje, con disminucion en la 2a parte del estudio en el uso del drenaje quirurgico en detrimento de las tecnicas percutaneas. El imipenem fue el antibiotico mas utilizado. La tasa de CCC y CCCR fue de 36.1% y 21.8%, respectivamente, siendo ambas complicaciones mas frecuentes entre pacientes drenados quirurgicamente. Hubo mortalidad en