gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attosecond Nonlinear Optics (2010)

We report nonlinear multiphoton processes in atoms and molecules by intense high harmonics and their applications to attosecond pulse characterization. Phase matched high harmonics by a loosely focusing geometry produce highly focusable intensity with fully spatiotemporal coherence, which is sufficient to induce nonlinear optical phenomena in the extreme ultraviolet and soft x‐ray (XUV) region. With this XUV coherent light source, two‐photon double ionization in He is demonstrated with 42‐eV high harmonic photons. On the other hand, when intense high harmonics around 20 eV is subjected to N2 molecules, occurrence of Coulomb explosion following to two‐photon double ionization is observed in attosecond temporal precision. Taking advantage of larger cross section of two‐photon ionization in molecules, we successfully perform the interferometric autocorrelation of an attosecond pulse train with the ion signals produced by Coulomb explosion of nitrogen molecules. The result reveals the phase relation between attosecond pulses in the train.
A semi-automated technique for labeling and counting of apoptosing retinal cells (2014)

The novel automated algorithm enabled accurate quantification of apoptosing RGCs that is highly comparable to manual counting, and appears to minimise operator-bias, whilst being both fast and reproducible. This may prove to be a valuable method of quantifying apoptosing retinal cells, with particular relevance to translation in the clinic, where a Phase I clinical trial of DARC in glaucoma patients is due to start shortly.
On-chip time and frequency modes for the generation and processing of complex photon states (2021)

We exploit the time and frequency modes generated on integrated quantum platforms for the practical generation and coherent processing of complex photon states (two-level time-entangled photons, d-level frequency-entangled photon pairs, and d-level cluster states), by using only standard silicon-based chips and fiber telecommunications components.
Deep-learning-based Prediction of Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression (2019)

ABSTRACT Both genetic and environmental factors influence the etiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness. AMD severity is primarily measured by fundus images and recently developed machine learning methods can successfully predict AMD progression using image data. However, none of these methods have utilized both genetic and image data for predicting AMD progression. Here we jointly used genotypes and fundus images to predict an eye as having progressed to late AMD with a modified deep convolutional neural network (CNN). In total, we used 31,262 fundus images and 52 AMD-associated genetic variants from 1,351 subjects from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) with disease severity phenotypes and fundus images available at baseline and follow-up visits over a period of 12 years. Our results showed that fundus images coupled with genotypes could predict late AMD progression with an averaged area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.83-0.86). The results using fundus images alone showed an averaged AUC of 0.81 (95%CI: 0.80-0.83). We implemented our model in a cloud-based application for individual risk assessment.
ChemInform Abstract: Silaheterocycles. Part 26. Facile Synthesis of Silicon Dichloro Substituted 3‐Vinyl‐1‐silacyclobutanes from Silene/Butadiene (2 + 2) Cycloaddition Reactions: Model Compounds for Vinylsilacyclobutane . fwdarw. Silacyclohexene Rearrangements. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Observations in the Chemistry and Biology of Cyclic Enediyne Antibiotics:  Total Syntheses of Calicheamicin γ<sub>1</sub><sup>I</sup> and Dynemicin A (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTObservations in the Chemistry and Biology of Cyclic Enediyne Antibiotics: Total Syntheses of Calicheamicin γ1I and Dynemicin ASamuel J. Danishefsky and Matthew D. ShairView Author Information Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, Box 106, New York, New York 10021, and Department of Chemistry, Havemeyer Hall, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 1, 16–44Publication Date (Web):January 12, 1996Publication History Received25 August 1995Published online12 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jo951560xCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1899Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Chemical synthesis,Cyclization,Ethers,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
Disruption of Aneuploidy and Senescence Induced by Aurora Inhibition Promotes Intrinsic Apoptosis in Double Hit or Double Expressor Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas (2017)

Double hit (DH) or double expressor (DE) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) with translocations and/or overexpressions of <i>MYC</i> and <i>BCL-2</i>, which are difficult to treat. Aurora kinase (AK) inhibition with alisertib in DH/DE-DLBCL induces cell death in ∼30%, while ∼70% are aneuploid and senescent cells (AASC), a mitotic escape mechanism contributing to drug resistance. These AASCs elaborated a high metabolic rate by increased AKT/mTOR and ERK/MAPK activity via BTK signaling through the chronic active B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway. Combinations of alisertib + ibrutinib or alisertib + ibrutinib + rituximab significantly reduced AASCs with enhanced intrinsic cell death. Inhibition of AK + BTK reduced phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR and ERK-1/2, upregulated phospho-H2A-X and Chk-2 (DNA damage), reduced Bcl-6, and decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and induced apoptosis by PARP cleavage. In a DE-DLBCL SCID mouse xenograft model, ibrutinib alone was inactive, while alisertib + ibrutinib was additive with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) rate of ∼25%. However, TGI for ibrutinib + rituximab was ∼50% to 60%. In contrast, triple therapy showed a TGI rate of >90%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 67% of mice were alive at day 89 with triple therapy versus 20% with ibrutinib + rituximab. All treatments were well tolerated with no changes in body weights. A novel triple therapy consisting of alisertib + ibrutinib + rituximab inhibits AASCs induced by AK inhibition in DH/DE-DLBCL leading to a significant antiproliferative signal, enhanced intrinsic apoptosis and may be of therapeutic potential in these lymphomas. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2083-93. ©2017 AACR</i>.
1587. Activity of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam against Gram-Negative Isolates from Lower Respiratory Tract Infections – SMART United States 2018 (2020)

Abstract Background Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor. C/T has been approved by the FDA and EMA for complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intraabdominal infections, and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Using isolates collected in the United States as part of the global SMART surveillance program, we evaluated the activity of C/T and comparators against gram-negative pathogens collected from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Methods In 2018, 24 hospitals in the US each collected up to 100 consecutive aerobic or facultative gram-negative bacilli (GNB) from LRTI for a total of 1773 isolates. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and breakpoints. C/T-nonsusceptible (NS) Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa isolates were screened by PCR and sequencing for genes encoding β-lactamases. Results The 3 most common species collected from LRTI were P. aeruginosa (35.0% of all collected GNB), K. pneumoniae (10.4%), and E. coli (9.6%). Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa combined comprised 86.3% of all collected LRTI GNB. The activity of C/T and comparators against GNB from LRTI is shown in the table. C/T was active against 93% of Enterobacterales isolates from LRTI (activity only exceeded by meropenem and amikacin), as well as against 97% of P. aeruginosa and 94% of all Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa combined (activity only exceeded by amikacin). C/T maintained activity against 69-83% of β-lactam-NS subsets of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa combined. Among 67 molecularly characterized C/T-NS Enterobacterales isolates, 19.4% carried KPC, 1.5% acquired AmpC, and 16.4% only extended-spectrum β-lactamases. No acquired β-lactamases were detected in the remaining 62.7% of isolates, of which 92.9% were species with intrinsic AmpC. Among 21 molecularly characterized C/T-NS P. aeruginosa, one isolate carried an IMP-type metallo-β-lactamase, and in the remaining isolates no acquired β-lactamases were detected. Table Conclusion With its broad coverage of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa, C/T can provide an important empiric therapy option for patients with LRTI in the US. Disclosures Sibylle Lob, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant) Daryl DePestel, PharmD, BCPS-ID, Merck &amp; Co, Inc (Employee) Katherine Young, MS, Merck &amp; Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)Merck &amp; Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Mary Motyl, PhD, Merck &amp; Co, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant)Shionogi &amp; Co., Ltd. (Independent Contractor)
Preloading based needle insertion with a concave probe to enhance targeting in breast tissue (2014)

Target displacement cased by tissue deformation is a major technical challenge in ultrasound-guided needle insertion for breast tumor treatment or biopsy. We previously developed a preloading-based needle insertion method, which consists of a preloading phase and an insertion phase, and validated its placement accuracy. The present study furthered this research by focusing on a new concave preloading probe to enhance needle insertion targeting. With this probe, we evaluated the several probe size for different tumor diameters and locations to investigate the geometry effect on insertion accuracy. In this in vitro study, preloading-based needle insertion with concave probe of the same diameter as that of the tumor showed the highest placement accuracy for shallow tumors, while concave probe of a larger diameter than that of the tumor showed the highest placement accuracy for deep tumors. Overall, the concave preloading probe described in this study decreased needle placement error. Future research focused on its evaluation by structural analysis based on soft tissue modelling and deformation simulation.
RNAi Nanotherapeutics for Localized Cancer Therapy (2022)

Cancer nanomedicine is a promising field for improved delivery of drugs and bioactive agents, including nucleic acids. The concept of exploiting RNA interference (RNAi) as a potential therapeutic stems from the seminal discovery by A. Fire and Mellow describing modulation of gene expression by RNAi in mammalian cells. RNAi-based nanotherapeutics has begun to display a positive impact towards disease treatments. Recent studies show that photo-switchable siRNA assemblies can facilitate endosomal escape upon light activation for efficient and localized RNAi therapy. The development of photoactivatable nano delivery systems to accomplish enhanced intracellular siRNA release within defined time and space in vivo is likely to significantly enhance the intended applications of RNAi-based nanomedicine and will have direct impact on improving treatment of patients suffering from cancer. Targeted RNAi therapies mediated through this technology are likely to improve cancer treatment due to the selective action of RNAi at the tumor site.
A Three-Level Boost Converter With Full-Range Auto-Capacitor-Compensation Pulse Frequency Modulation (2020)

A three-level boost converter enables efficient voltage step-up power conversion with high power density by reducing the inductance and blocking voltage requirements in a conventional boost converter. An auto-capacitor-compensation pulse frequency modulation (ACC-PFM) controller, combining peak and valley current-mode controls, is proposed to resolve the issue of unbalanced flying capacitor voltage, as well as to regulate the output voltage. The capacitor balance is further strengthened through a delay-equalized level shifter that generates duty ratios with only sub-nanosecond deviations. The step-up power conversion from the input voltage of 0.3-3.0 V to the output voltage of 2.4-5.0 V is demonstrated through a prototype converter implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process with 0.28 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area. This converter achieves 96.8% peak efficiency and an 83-mA peak output current, with an 8$\times $ peak step-up conversion ratio.
The Tight Junction Protein Occludin and the Adherens Junction Protein α-Catenin Share a Common Interaction Mechanism with ZO-1 (2004)

The exact sites, structures, and molecular mechanisms of interaction between junction organizing zona occludence protein 1 (ZO-1) and the tight junction protein occludin or the adherens junction protein alpha-catenin are unknown. Binding studies by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and peptide mapping combined with comparative modeling utilizing crystal structures led for the first time to a molecular model revealing the binding of both occludin and alpha-catenin to the same binding site in ZO-1. Our data support a concept that ZO-1 successively associates with alpha-catenin at the adherens junction and occludin at the tight junction. Strong spatial evidence indicates that the occludin C-terminal coiled-coil domain dimerizes and interacts finally as a four-helix bundle with the identified structural motifs in ZO-1. The helix bundle of occludin406-521 and alpha-catenin509-906 interacts with the hinge region (ZO-1591-632 and ZO-1591-622, respectively) and with (ZO-1726-754 and ZO-1756-781) in the GuK domain of ZO-1 containing coiled-coil and alpha-helical structures, respectively. The selectivity of both protein-protein interactions is defined by complementary shapes and charges between the participating epitopes. In conclusion, a common molecular mechanism of forming an intermolecular helical bundle between the hinge region/GuK domain of ZO-1 and alpha-catenin and occludin is identified as a general molecular principle organizing the association of ZO-1 at adherens and tight junctions.
Sensitivity of Host-Seeking Nymphal Lone Star Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) to Immersion in Heated Water (2009)

Host-seeking nymphal Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) were placed into heated water, and their survival or their torpidity was recorded as a function of exposure time. Exposures were determined that either kill the nymphs or affect their mobility. All nymphs died when exposed for a minute or more to a temperature > 51 degrees C. Nearly all nymphs remained motionless for a period of time when exposed for 3 min to a temperature > 44 degrees C.
Electrical characterisation of liquid crystals at millimetre wavelengths using frequency selective surfaces (2012)

The accurate measurement of the permittivity, loss tangent and dielectric anisotropy DC bias dependence for two different liquid crystal (LC) materials in the frequency range 140–165 GHz is described. The electrical characteristics are obtained by curve fitting computed transmission coefficients to the experimental spectral response of a new class of electronically reconfigurable frequency selective surface. The periodic structure is designed to yield bandpass filter characteristics with and without an applied bias control voltage in order to measure the tunability of the LC material which is inserted in a 705 µm-thick cavity.
99Tcm-sestamibi imaging of inhibition of the multidrug resistance transporter in a mouse xenograft model of human breast cancer (1999)

Sestamibi is known to be a substrate for P-glycoprotein, the membrane transporter which confers multidrug resistance by pumping certain chemotherapeutic agents out of tumour cells. In this study, the utility of sestamibi imaging for detecting inhibition of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) function by two potent, second-generation chemosensitizers, PSC833 and GG918, was assessed in a mouse xenograft model of multidrug-resistant human breast cancer, MCF7-AdrR. Preliminary in vitro studies confirmed that MCF7-AdrR cells accumulate only low levels of sestamibi and that both sensitizers inhibit transporter function to a similar extent, resulting in 20-fold higher accumulation of sestamibi. MCF7-AdrR cells were grown as a xenograft in SCID mice and sestamibi kinetics in the tumour were analysed by dynamic imaging (30 frames at a rate of one frame per minute). Administration of either chemosensitizer produced a dose-dependent slowing of the efflux rate of sestamibi compared to untreated tumours. The same effect was evident in two additional parameters: percent activity remaining at 30 min determined by imaging and sestamibi levels measured in excised tissues. These results show that sestamibi imaging can detect inhibition of Pgp function and suggest that this approach could be used clinically to document effective delivery of chemosensitizers.
Environmentally Benign Phytic Acid-Based Nanocoating for Multifunctional Flame-Retardant/Antibacterial Cotton (2021)

Environmentally benign layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition was used to obtain flame-retardant and antimicrobial cotton. Cotton was coated with 8, 10, and 12 phytic acid (PA) and chitosan (CH)-urea bilayers (BL) and then immersed into copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) solution. Our findings were that 12 BL of PA/CH-urea + Cu2+ were able to stop flame on cotton during vertical flammability testing (VFT) with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26%. Microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) data showed a reduction of peak heat release rates (pHRR) of more than 61%, while the reduction of total heat release (THR) was more than 54%, relative to untreated cotton. TG-IR analysis of 12 BL-treated cotton showed the release of water, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and aldehydes, while by adding Cu2+ ions, the treated cotton produces a lower amount of methane. Treated cotton also showed no levoglucosan. The intumescent behavior of the treatment was indicated by the bubbled structure of the post-burn char. Antibacterial testing showed a 100% reduction of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, cotton was successfully functionalized with a multifunctional ecologically benign flame-retardant and antibacterial nanocoating, by means of LbL deposition.
<i>PTEN</i>HAMARTOMA TUMOR SYNDROME (2020)

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by germline PTEN alterations leading to predisposition to hamartomas and an increased risk of breast, thyroid, and other neoplasias. Subsets of Cowden syndrome (CS), Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), Proteus syndrome (PS), and autism with macrocephaly have germline PTEN mutations and are captured under the molecular umbrella of PHTS. Approximately 85% of classic CS and 25% of individuals with CS and CS-like phenotype have pathogenic germline PTEN mutations, which increase lifetime risks of breast, thyroid, uterine, renal, and other cancers. PTEN testing and routine enhanced cancer surveillance allow for early detection and treatment of these cancers for mutation positive patients and their relatives, as medically indicated.
Spintronics device concepts (2005)

Spin-dependent phenomena in semiconductors may lead to devices with new or enhanced functionality, such as polarised solid-state light sources (spin light-emitting diodes), novel microprocessors and sensitive biological and chemical sensors. The realisation of robust semiconductor spin-device technology requires the ability to control the injection, transport and detection of polarised carriers, and to manipulate their density by a field gating. The absence of Si-based or room-temperature dilute magnetic semiconductors has subdued the initial excitement over semiconductor spintronics, but recent reports demonstrate that progress is far from dormant. The authors give examples of a number of different spin-device concepts for polarised light emission, spin field-effect transistors) and nanowire sensors. It is important to re-examine some of the earlier concepts for spintronics devices, such as the spin field-effect transistor, to account for the presence of the strong magnetic field which has deleterious effects. In some of these cases, the spin device appears to have no advantage relative to the conventional charge-control electronic analogue. There have been demonstrations of device-type operation in structures based on GaMnAs and InMnAs at low temperatures. The most promising materials for room-temperature polarised light emission are thought to be GaN and ZnO, but results to date on realising such devices have been disappointing. The short spin-relaxation time observed in GaN/InGaN heterostructures probably results from the Rashba effect. Possible solutions involve either cubic phase nitrides or the use of additional stressor layers to create a larger spin-splitting, to get polarised light emission from these structures, or to look at alternative semiconductors and fresh device approaches.
5S rDNA gene diversity in tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) O. Kuntze) and its use for variety identification (2006)

Variability in the organization of repeats of 5S rDNA is useful for phylogenetic studies in various crops. We found variable repeats of 5S rDNA gene in the genome of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) during Southern hybridization. Variability in the repeats of 5S rDNA with specific restriction endonucleases (Sau3AI, BamHI, and ApoI) was analyzed in 28 different tea clones representing 3 types of tea. Our results clearly show that the 5S rDNA gene in tea could be used as a molecular marker to distinguish C. sinensis Chinary tea from the other important types of tea, namely Assamica and Cambod. Upon analysis with restriction endonucleases, the 5S rDNA gene in the tea genome was found to be heavily methylated.