gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xyloglucan Deficiency Disrupts Microtubule Stability and Cellulose Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Altering Cell Growth and Morphogenesis (2015)

Xyloglucan constitutes most of the hemicellulose in eudicot primary cell walls and functions in cell wall structure and mechanics. Although Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) xxt1 xxt2 mutants lacking detectable xyloglucan are viable, they display growth defects that are suggestive of alterations in wall integrity. To probe the mechanisms underlying these defects, we analyzed cellulose arrangement, microtubule patterning and dynamics, microtubule- and wall-integrity-related gene expression, and cellulose biosynthesis in xxt1 xxt2 plants. We found that cellulose is highly aligned in xxt1 xxt2 cell walls, that its three-dimensional distribution is altered, and that microtubule patterning and stability are aberrant in etiolated xxt1 xxt2 hypocotyls. We also found that the expression levels of microtubule-associated genes, such as MAP70-5 and CLASP, and receptor genes, such as HERK1 and WAK1, were changed in xxt1 xxt2 plants and that cellulose synthase motility is reduced in xxt1 xxt2 cells, corresponding with a reduction in cellulose content. Our results indicate that loss of xyloglucan affects both the stability of the microtubule cytoskeleton and the production and patterning of cellulose in primary cell walls. These findings establish, to our knowledge, new links between wall integrity, cytoskeletal dynamics, and wall synthesis in the regulation of plant morphogenesis.
Effects of calibration RFID tags on performance of inertial navigation in indoor environment (2015)

The hybrid localization system applications nowadays not only mitigate the inaccuracy of standalone RF localization approach, but also increase the reliability in the absence of supporting Radio Frequency (RF) infrastructure. One of the outstanding hybrid approaches is the Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) assisted inertial navigation system, which is notable for its low cost, simple implementation and extraordinary accuracy. Previous work on such hybrid system fails to find out the correlation between the deployment of the multiple calibration points and the indoor localization accuracy. In this paper, we use the Android smart phone to build a hybrid localization platform and conduct measurements with multiple RFID calibration tags. Based on the measurement results, we define a mathematical model which includes the calibration point number, RFID tag density and the RFID tag-to-corner distance to describe the deployment effect on the localization accuracy. Such model facilitates the future study on algorithm design, system evaluation and application development.
Development of Long-term Cell Suspension Cultures of Wild Tomato Species, Lycopersicon chilense Dun. as Regular Source of Protoplast: An Efficient Protoplast-to-Plant System" (2003)

Initiation of direct and indirect cell suspension cultures of L. chilense Dun. was confined to the origin of auxin in the culture medium. Direct cell suspensions were initiated in MSPI culture medium containing NAA while indirect suspensions were initiated in culture media UM and UMI containing 2,4-D. The growth of direct and indirect cell suspensions was distinguished by the growth rate and phenolic production. Direct suspensions have shown a continuous growth in growth curve studies (8 day) and recorded a significantly higher cell growth in comparison to two other indirect cell suspensions. In indirect suspensions, 2,4-D toxicity arose after 5 months of culture and as a consequence loss of vigour followed by phenolic browning occurred. Direct cell suspensions proved to be long-term cultures without any adverse effects of NAA on the growth rate and were genetically stable. Higher protoplast yields were obtained from the direct cell suspension cultures which were associated with the increased growth rate. A productive protoplast-to-plant system was developed.
Linearization of subthreshold low-noise amplifiers (2013)

This paper presents a subthreshold cascode low-noise amplifier (LNA) with inductive source degeneration and third-order linearity enhancement. The LNA architecture includes an inductor and a capacitor at the gate of the cascode transistor for partial cancellation of third-order distortion components. This design method enables third-order intermodulation intercept point (IIP3) and 1dB compression point (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> ) improvements of 4.8-11.2 dB and 7.1-11.6 dB respectively (depending on the process corner case) compared to a commensurate LNA without the linearization method. A 2.4 GHz LNA was designed and simulated using 0.13 μm CMOS technology. In the typical corner case, the linearized LNA achieves -2.0 dBm IIP3, -13.5 dBm P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> , 18.2 dB power gain, and 4.54 dB noise figure with a power consumption of 0.24 mW.
Impact of a proposed revision of the IESTI equation on the acute risk assessment conducted when setting maximum residue levels (MRLs) in the European Union (EU): A case study Part B Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes (2018)

Proposals to update the methodology for the international estimated short-term intake (IESTI) equations were made during an international workshop held in Geneva in 2015. Changes to several parameters of the current four IESTI equations (cases 1, 2a, 2b, and 3) were proposed. In this study, the overall impact of these proposed changes on estimates of short-term exposure was studied using the large portion data available in the European Food Safety Authority PRIMo model and the residue data submitted in the framework of the European Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. Evaluation of consumer exposure using the current and proposed equations resulted in substantial differences in the exposure estimates; however, there were no significant changes regarding the number of accepted MRLs. For the different IESTI cases, the median ratio of the new versus the current equation is 1.1 for case 1, 1.4 for case 2a, 0.75 for case 2b, and 1 for case 3. The impact, expressed as a shift in the IESTI distribution profile, indicated that the 95th percentile IESTI shifted from 50% of the acute reference dose (ARfD) with the current equations to 65% of the ARfD with the proposed equations. This IESTI increase resulted in the loss of 1.2% of the MRLs (37 out of 3110) tested within this study. At the same time, the proposed equations would have allowed 0.4% of the MRLs (14 out of 3110) that were rejected with the current equations to be accepted. The commodity groups that were most impacted by these modifications are solanacea (e.g., potato, eggplant), lettuces, pulses (dry), leafy brassica (e.g., kale, Chinese cabbage), and pome fruits. The active substances that were most affected were fluazifop-p-butyl, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin.
SYN023, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody cocktail, for post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies (2017)

Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that is preventable in humans by appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). However, current PEP relies on polyclonal immune globulin products purified from pooled human (HRIG) or equine (ERIG) plasma that are either in chronic shortage or in association with safety concerns. Here, we present the development of an antibody cocktail, SYN023, made of two novel monoclonal antibodies (MAb) CTB011 and CTB012 that could serve as safer and more cost-effective alternatives to the current RIG products. Both CTB011 and CTB012 are humanized MAbs that bind to non-overlapping epitopes on the rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (G) with sub-nanomolar affinities. Sequence analysis revealed that many of the critical residues in binding are highly conserved across different species of lyssaviruses. When combined at a 1:1 ratio, CTB011/CTB012 exhibited neutralization capabilities equivalent or superior to HRIG against 10 North American street RABV isolates in vitro and 15 prevalent Chinese RABV strains in animal models. Finally, SYN023, at a dosage of 0.03 mg/kg, was able to offer the same degree of protection as standard HRIG administration (20 IU/kg) in Syrian hamsters challenged with a highly virulent bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) RABV variant. Taken together, the high-potency and broad-spectrum neutralization demonstrated by SYN023 make it an effective candidate for human rabies PEP consideration.
Inhibition of bacterial aminopropyltransferases by <i>S</i>‐adenosyl‐1,8‐diamino‐3‐thiooctane and by dicyclohexylamine (1983)

Bacterial aminopropyltransferases from Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were strongly inhibited by S-adenosyl-1,8-diamino-3-thiooctane (AdoDATO) and by dicyclohexylamine. The sensitivity to these drugs in vitro was comparable to that of mammalian spermidine synthase, but AdoDATO was much less potent in reducing spermidine content in the bacteria than in mammalian cells. Although AdoDATO was a stronger inhibitor than dicyclohexylamine in vitro, dicyclohexylamine was more active in reducing bacterial spermidine levels in vivo, suggesting that it is taken up better or is more stable in the cell and is the preferable compound for in vivo studies in microorganisms. The strong inhibition of spermidine synthases by AdoDATO which is a transition state analog supports the concept that these enzymes proceed by a single displacement reaction, rather than by a ping-pong mechanism.
Realization of Ultrathin GaAs Photonic Power Converters with Rear-Side Metal Grating on Full 4” Wafers (2022)

Photonic power converters (PPCs) attract more and more attention as they enable galvanically isolated optical power transmission. In many power by light applications, conversion efficiency is the key metric for PPCs. A remarkable efficiency of 68.9% was recently achieved by utilizing Fabry-Perot resonances in a GaAs PPC. In this work, we extend this idea of leveraging optical resonance towards strong grating coupled guided mode resonances. A proof of concept is demonstrated by ultrathin GaAs PPCs with an absorber thickness of 160 nm with nanostructured photonic reflectors. Reference ultrathin devices on substrate and with planar mirror show close-to-bandgap EQE of 13% and 20%, respectively, while guided modes resonances yield an EQE of 45% at 840 nm for devices with photonic mirror. Devices were realized on full 4-inch wafers, using processes compatible with industrial manufacturing.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Amino Esters with Unprecedented High (E)‐Stereoselectivity and Their Conformational Analysis in Peptides. (2012)

Abstract The synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated γ‐amino esters using Wittig reaction is reported.
Survival of outbreak, food, and environmental strains of Listeria monocytogenes on whole apples as affected by cultivar and wax coating (2019)

The 2014-2015 U.S. nationwide outbreak of listeriosis linked to apples used in commercially produced, prepackaged caramel apples was the first implication of whole apples in outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. Two case patients of this outbreak didn't consume caramel apples but did eat whole apples, suggesting that contaminated whole apple may serve as a vehicle for foodborne listeriosis. The current study evaluated the effect of conventional fruit coating with wax and that of apple cultivar on the survival of outbreak-associated and non-outbreak Listeria monocytogenes strains on Red Delicious, Granny Smith and Fuji apples during 160 days under simulated commercial storage. L. monocytogenes survived in calyxes and stem ends of apples of all 3 cultivars through the duration of the experiment. After 2 months of storage, significantly (p < 0.05) larger L. monocytogenes populations were recovered from apples coated with wax than those un-waxed, regardless of the cultivar. No differences in survival amongst L. monocytogenes strains (serotypes 1/2a and 4b) from clinical, food, and environmental sources were observed. The observation that coating with wax facilitates prolonged survival of L. monocytogenes on whole apples is novel and reveals gaps in understanding of microbiological risks associated with postharvest practices of tree fruit production.
Short and long-term evaluation of the impact of proton minibeam radiation therapy on motor, emotional and cognitive functions (2020)

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most frequently used methods for cancer treatment. Despite remarkable advancements in RT techniquesthe treatment of radioresistant tumours (i.e. high-grade gliomas) is not yet satisfactory. Finding novel approaches less damaging for normal tissues is of utmost importance. This would make it possible to increase the dose applied to tumours, resulting in an improvement in the cure rate. Along this line, proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel strategy that allows the spatial modulation of the dose, leading to minimal damage to brain structures compared to a high dose (25 Gy in one fraction) of standard proton therapy (PT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether pMBRT also preserves important cerebral functions. Comprehensive longitudinal behavioural studies were performed in irradiated (peak dose of 57 Gy in one fraction) and control rats to evaluate the impact of pMBRT on motor function (motor coordination, muscular tonus, and locomotor activity), emotional function (anxiety, fear, motivation, and impulsivity), and cognitive function (learning, memory, temporal processing, and decision making). The evaluations, which were conducted over a period of 10 months, showed no significant motor or emotional dysfunction in pMBRT-irradiated rats compared with control animals. Concerning cognitive functions, similar performance was observed between the groups, although some slight learning delays might be present in some of the tests in the long term after irradiation. This study shows the minimal impact of pMBRT on the normal brain at the functional level.
3D pose and velocity visual tracking based on sequential region of interest acquisition (2009)

This paper presents a high speed visual tracking method based on non simultaneous subimages acquisition. This method is formulated as a virtual visual servoing scheme. The sequential acquisition of regions of interest has a double benefit on visual servoing. The first one is that this acquisition method allows to increase the visual control sampling frequency by reducing the data amount to acquire and to transmit by the camera. The second one is that the associated image projection model depends on the observed object pose and velocity. Thanks to this property, a new vision-based control law can be defined. The particularity of this control law is that the control output consists of the kinematic and the dynamic twists. This allows to enhance the control performance in trajectory tracking applications. The experimental results in high speed visual tracking application show the effectiveness of this approach.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of From Split-Pool Libraries to Spatially Addressable Microarrays and Its Application to Functional Proteomic Profiling. (2001)

Small molecules encoded with peptidonucleic acid (PNA) were used to probe protein function in a microarray format. The PNA tag served to encode the synthetic history of the small molecule and to positionally encode the identity of the small molecule by its location upon hybridization to an oligonucleotide microarray.© 2001 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Fed. Rep. of Germany. PMID: 29712061
The effect of induced biphasic pulsed currents on re‐epithelialization of a novel wound healing model (2006)

The coordinated migration of keratinocytes is crucial to cutaneous wound healing; failure of keratinocytes to migrate into a wound can lead to chronic non-healing wounds. Keratinocyte migration can be influenced by applied electrical fields. Our aim was to investigate whether keratinocyte migration could be accelerated by applying an induced biphasic pulsed electrical field. We developed two in vitro biological systems models for this purpose: a keratinocyte colony-forming model and a reconstituted skin wound healing model with biphasic pulsed currents. Our in vitro skin models were capable of generating trans-epithelial potentials (TEP) similar to in vivo mammalian skin. Histological examination of the wound healing model also indicated that re-epithelialization occurred in a similar manner to that seen in vivo, although no evidence of a reconstitution of a basement membrane was seen during the 14 days in vitro experimental period. We found that growth of keratinocyte colonies and keratinocyte migration in an in vitro wound bed were not significantly affected by induced short duration biphasic pulsed currents at a frequency of 0.5 Hz of 100 and 200 mV/mm.
Summative Mass Analysis of Algal Biomass - Integration of Analytical Procedures: Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP) (2014)

This procedure guides the integration of laboratory analytical procedures to measure algal biomass constituents in an unambiguous manner and ultimately achieve mass balance closure for algal biomass samples. Many of these methods build on years of research in algal biomass analysis.
PROSPECTS OF CELLULOSIC ETHANOL FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE (2010)

AGRICULTURAL residues such as grain straws and corn stover are abundant, readily available biomass feedstocks for the production of next generation biofuels, with collection and transport costs being a major component of their cost. Sugarcane bagasse is thus an especially attractive biomass feedstock in that it is an agricultural residue already present in large quantities at sugar and ethanol mills. The efficient conversion of bagasse lignocellulose to fermentable sugars is the major techno-economic challenge to the commercially viable production of ethanol from this feedstock. Bagasse is first pretreated by a combination of high temperatures and pressures in the presence of chemicals, to facilitate subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to break down the cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars. The sheer volume (an estimated 15–25 kg/t bagasse) and costs of the enzymes required for hydrolysis make the process economically unfeasible using current fermentation-based enzyme production technologies. The expression of enzymes in crop plants represents a promising approach to reduce the costs of enzyme production, and is an area in which Syngenta has strong intellectual property and advanced proprietary technologies. Syngenta’s corn amylase, currently undergoing regulatory approval in the United States, features a thermostable α-amylase expressed in the grain for dry grind ethanol production applications, the first of a series of Syngenta traits designed for the biofuels industry. To enable the in planta production of cell wall-degrading hydrolases for commercial next generation biofuels production requires an integrated approach within an overall engineering process model, incorporating upstream pre-treatment and downstream fermentation methodologies in addition to enzyme expression, extraction, storage and hydrolysis technologies. Progress in the development of this suite of technologies for the conversion of bagasse lignocellulose to fermentable sugars will be described. Biofuels
CHI25243, a novel potent inhaled inhibitor of neutrophil elastase for the treatment of bronchiectasis and other chronic inflammatory lung disease (2016)

Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a key proteolytic enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic neutrophil-driven inflammatory lung diseases, including bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A number of clinical observations indicate that targeting NE might be beneficial for treating such inflammatory lung diseases. Here we studied the pharmacological profile of CHI25243, a novel inhaled NE inhibitor designed for inhaled treatment of neutrophil-driven inflammatory lung diseases such as bronchiectasis.
Noise-free quantitative phase imaging in Gabor holography with conditional generative adversarial network (2020)

This paper shows that deep learning can eliminate the superimposed twin-image noise in phase images of Gabor holographic setup. This is achieved by the conditional generative adversarial model (C-GAN), trained by input-output pairs of noisy phase images obtained from synthetic Gabor holography and the corresponding quantitative noise-free contrast-phase image obtained by the off-axis digital holography. To train the model, Gabor holograms are generated from digital off-axis holograms with spatial shifting of the real image and twin image in the frequency domain and then adding them with the DC term in the spatial domain. Finally, the digital propagation of the Gabor hologram with Fresnel approximation generates a super-imposed phase image for the C-GAN model input. Two models were trained: a human red blood cell model and an elliptical cancer cell model. Following the training, several quantitative analyses were conducted on the bio-chemical properties and similarity between actual noise-free phase images and the model output. Surprisingly, it is discovered that our model can recover other elliptical cell lines that were not observed during the training. Additionally, some misalignments can also be compensated with the trained model. Particularly, if the reconstruction distance is somewhat incorrect, this model can still retrieve in-focus images.
Very‐low frequency capacitively coupled AC amplifier with a current feedback operational amplifier (2023)

Summary In this paper, we propose the idea of using transimpedance amplifiers, in lieu of operational amplifiers (OAs) or transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) to design capacitively coupled AC amplifiers. The idea is demonstrated with a current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) as an active element, which is actually an architecture consisting of voltage buffers and current copiers (mirrors). This last characteristic is further exploited to make the corner frequency of the AC amplifier tunable by means of bootstrapping low‐valued resistors with the output buffer. It is particularly suited to achieve very‐low corner frequencies as needed in applications such as bio‐ or seismic signals. The idea is demonstrated with simulations and experimental results with a discrete implementation.
A Flexible and Scalable Approach to Navigating Measurement Data in Performance Management ApplicationsRobert F. Berry (1996)

Maxillofacial injuries are often seen in the emergency department. Fractures of the facial skeleton are commonly seen after assault, road traffic accidents, falls, and sporting injuries in a ratio mandibular:zygoma:maxillary of 6:2:1. Clinicians must be familiar with their management so that appropriate treatment may be used.