gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fracturing Low-Permeability Formations in Gulf Coast Presents New Opportunities, Overlooked in the Past (1999)

Abstract This paper presents a case study highlighting the process of selecting Gulf Coast of Mexico candidate wells for fracturing. The paper also describes the economical and logistical justifications used to design the most optimum fractures, the operational aspects of pumping the fracture treatment, and the pre and post fracture evaluation based on the production decline data. In the Gulf Coast, low permeability and porosity reservoirs were routinely passed over as non-commercial. Recent advances in offshore frac-pack operations have created an abundance of equipment that make hydraulic fracture treatments feasible. The success of the fracture treatments is demonstrated in the Terrebonne (TB) 110 sand in the Caillou Island field.
Remote Loading of Gas Bubbles into Polylactic Acid Microcapsules Creates Acoustically Active Janus Particles (2022)

Polymeric microcapsules (MCs) are biocompatible agents used in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and in vivo imaging. We have discovered a method of remotely loading air into polylactic acid (PLA)-based MCs with an aqueous core. When the microcapsules are suspended in high content glycerol and propylene glycol solutions, changes in gas solubility cause bubbles to nucleate within the core through an "Ouzo-like" effect. The resulting bubble displaces the internal fluid of the MCs, but small molecules are retained in their interior. The residual content does not homogeneously distribute; rather, it localizes to one specific location, creating gas-filled Janus particles.
Origin of stabilisation of aqueous foams in nanoparticle–surfactant mixtures (2008)

Using a range of complementary experiments, a detailed investigation into the behaviour of air-in-water foams stabilised by a mixture of silica nanoparticles and pure cationic surfactant has been made. At high pH where particles are significantly negatively charged and surfactant is positively charged, no foam is possible with particles alone whereas surfactant-stabilised foams break down completely within one day at all concentrations. In particle–surfactant mixtures, a synergism occurs with respect to foam formation and stability due to the adsorption of surfactant molecules onto particle surfaces. The foamability of mixed dispersions is substantially reduced compared with surfactant solutions alone. However, the foam stability passes through a maximum with respect to surfactant concentration and these foams are remarkably stable. Based on our findings from dispersion stability measurements, particle ζ potentials, the adsorption isotherm of surfactant on particles and relevant contact angles of water in air on silica surfaces, we conclude that foams are most stable when particles are strongly flocculated corresponding to them possessing a low charge, being maximally hydrophobic and containing an adsorbed monolayer of surfactant. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) analysis of the same foams leads us to propose that foam stabilisation changes from being surfactant dominated at low surfactant concentration to being particle dominated at intermediate concentrations and reverting to surfactant dominated at higher concentrations.
Novel Loci Associated with Increased Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Context of Coronary Artery Disease (2013)

Our findings suggest that RAB3GAP1 and ZNF365 are relevant candidate genes for SCD and will contribute to the mechanistic understanding of SCD susceptibility.
Bacterial skin contamination after surgical preparation in foot and ankle surgery. (2003)

An effective presurgical preparation is an important step in limiting surgical wound contamination and preventing infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate residual bacterial skin contamination after surgical skin preparation in foot and ankle surgery to determine if current techniques are satisfactory in eliminating harmful pathogens. Fifty consecutive patients having surgical procedures of the foot and ankle were studied. Each lower extremity was prepared randomly with either a one-step povidone-iodine topical gel or a two-step iodophor scrub followed by a povidone-iodine paint. After preparation and draping, cultures were obtained at three locations: the hallux nailfold, web space between the second and third, and fourth and fifth toes, and the anterior ankle (control). In the gel group, positive cultures were obtained from 76% of halluces, 68% of toes, and 16% of controls. In the scrub and paint group, positive cultures were obtained from 84% of halluces, 76% of toes, and 28% of controls. Numerous pathogens were cultured, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most prevalent. Based on the findings of the current study, presurgical skin preparation with a povidone-iodine based topical bactericidal agent is not sufficient in eliminating pathogens in foot and ankle surgery. The unique environment of the foot and its resident organisms may play a role in the higher infection rates associated with surgery of the foot and ankle.
Leukemic extracellular vesicles induce chimeric antigen receptor T cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has yielded unprecedented outcomes in some patients with hematological malignancies; however, inhibition by the tumor microenvironment has prevented the broader success of CART cell therapy. We used chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as a model to investigate the interactions between the tumor microenvironment and CART cells. CLL is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment, an abundance of systemic extracellular vesicles (EVs), and a relatively lower durable response rate to CART cell therapy. In this study, we characterized plasma EVs from untreated CLL patients and identified their leukemic cell origin. CLL-derived EVs were able to induce a state of CART cell dysfunction characterized by phenotypical, functional, and transcriptional changes of exhaustion. We demonstrate that, specifically, PD-L1<sup>+</sup> CLL-derived EVs induce CART cell exhaustion. In conclusion, we identify an important mechanism of CART cell exhaustion induced by EVs from CLL patients.
Taxonomic Reassignment of <i>Pseudohaptolina Birgeri</i> comb. nov. (Haptophyta) (2020)

Abstract The haptophyte genus Pseudohaptolina (formerly Chrysochromulina clade B1-3) currently harbors two species: Pseudohaptolina arctica and Pseudohap-tolina sorokinii . In addition, Chrysochromulina birgeri is expected to belong to this genus due to its morphological similarity to P. sorokinii , but has not yet been genetically characterized. A strain belonging to Pseudohaptolina was brought into culture from Arctic waters, characterized by 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequencing as well as optical and transmission electron microscopy, and deposited in the Roscoff Culture Collection with the code RCC5270. Molecular and morphological data from RCC5270 were compared with those from previously described Pseudohaptolina and Pseudohaptolina -like species. Strain RCC5270 showed strong phylogenetic affinity to P. sorokinii , but TEM observations showed that RCC5270 possesses three types of organic body scale, rather than two as originally described in P. sorokinii . We found that the occurrence of three scale types is likely to have been overlooked in the original descriptions of both P. sorokinii and C. birgeri . We also found that environmental metabarcodes identical to the sequence of RCC5270 were abundant in the location from which C. birgeri was initially described (Gulf of Finland). We conclude that P. sorokinii and C. birgeri are conspecific and P. sorokinii is therefore synonymous with C. birgeri . Based on its phylogenetic placement and nomenclatural priority we propose the new combination Pseudohaptolina birgeri and emend the description of this species.
Uniform surface growth of copper oxide nanowires in radiofrequency plasma discharge and limiting factors (2014)

The uniform growth of copper oxide nanowires on the top of copper plate has been investigated during the exposure to radiofrequency plasma discharge in respect to plasma properties and its localization. The copper samples of 10 mm radius and 1 mm in thickness were exposed to argon-oxygen plasma created at discharge power of 150 W. After 10 min, almost uniform growth of nanowires was achieved over large surface. There were significant distortions in nanowire length and shape near the edges. Based on the experimental results, we developed a theoretical model, which took into account a balance in heat released at the flow of the current to the nanowire and rejected from the nanowire. This model established a dependence of the maximal length of the nanowire at dependence on the plasma parameters, where the limiting factor for nanowire growth and distortions in distribution are ballistic effects of ions and their local fluxes. In contrast, the plasma heating by potential interactions of species has very little influence on the length and smaller deviations in flux are allowed for uniformity of growth.
Anionic Ligand Exchange on ZrPO<sub>4</sub>Cl(dmso):  Alkoxide and Carboxylate Derivatives (2003)

This paper reports the preparation and characterization of a series of organic derivatives of ZrPO(4)Cl(CH(3))(2)SO obtained by topotactic anion exchange of chloride ligands with several n-alkoxide (RO) and carboxylate groups (RCOO). Exchange with alkoxides, with an alkyl chain length from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, gave products of general formula ZrPO(4)RO(CH(3))(2)SO. In these derivatives alkoxide groups, covalently bonded to zirconium atoms via Zr-O bonds, point toward the interlayer region. Carboxylate derivatives, of general formula ZrPO(4)[(RCOO)(CH(3))(2)SO](1)(-)(x)(OH H(2)O)(x), were obtained using benzoate (x = 0), nitrobenzoate (x = 0.3), and phenylacetate (x = 0.2) groups. The thermal behavior of these organic derivatives is discussed. Due to this reactivity, ZrPO(4)Cl(CH(3))(2)SO is an attractive precursor for materials chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Multidentate Silicon‐ and Tin‐Containing Lewis Acids and Their Potential for Anion Complexation (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Dancer’s Hip: The Hyperflexible Athlete: Anatomy and Mean 3‐Year Arthroscopic Clinical Outcomes (2020)

IV, case series.
Reduced Immunogenicity of Arabidopsis hgl1 Mutant N-Glycans Caused by Altered Accessibility of Xylose and core Fucose Epitopes (2011)

Arabidopsis N-glycosylation mutants with enhanced salt sensitivity show reduced immunoreactivity of complex N-glycans. Among them, hybrid glycosylation 1 (hgl1) alleles lacking Golgi α-mannosidase II are unique, because their glycoprotein N-glycans are hardly labeled by anti-complex glycan antibodies, even though they carry β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose epitopes. To dissect the contribution of xylose and core fucose residues to plant stress responses and immunogenic potential, we prepared Arabidopsis hgl1 xylT double and hgl1 fucTa fucTb triple mutants by crossing previously established T-DNA insertion lines and verified them by mass spectrometry analyses. Root growth assays revealed that hgl1 fucTa fucTb but not hgl1 xylT plants are more salt-sensitive than hgl1, hinting at the importance of core fucose modification and masking of xylose residues. Detailed immunoblot analyses with anti-β1,2-xylose and anti-α1,3-fucose rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies as well as cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant-specific human immunoglobulin E antibodies (present in sera of allergy patients) showed that xylose-specific reactivity of hgl1 N-glycans is indeed reduced. Based on three-dimensional modeling of plant N-glycans, we propose that xylose residues are tilted by 30° because of untrimmed mannoses in hgl1 mutants. Glycosidase treatments of protein extracts restored immunoreactivity of hgl1 N-glycans supporting these models. Furthermore, among allergy patient sera, untrimmed mannoses persisting on the α1,6-arm of hgl1 N-glycans were inhibitory to immunoreaction with core fucoses to various degrees. In summary, incompletely trimmed glycoprotein N-glycans conformationally prevent xylose and, to lesser extent, core fucose accessibility. Thus, in addition to N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, Golgi α-mannosidase II emerges as a so far unrecognized target for lowering the immunogenic potential of plant-derived glycoproteins.
Development of an Actuator for Flow Control Utilizing Detonation (2013)

Active flow control devices including mass injection systems and zero-net-mass flux actuators (synthetic jets) have been employed to delay flow separation. These devices are capable of interacting with low-speed, subsonic flows, but situations exist where a stronger crossflow interaction is needed. Small actuators that utilize detonation of premixed fuel and oxidizer should be capable of producing supersonic exit jet velocities. An actuator producing exit velocities of this magnitude should provide a more significant interaction with transonic and supersonic crossflows. This concept would be applicable to airfoils on high-speed aircraft as well as inlet and diffuser flow control. The present work consists of the development of a detonation actuator capable of producing a detonation in a single shot (one cycle). Multiple actuator configurations, initial fill pressures, oxidizers, equivalence ratios, ignition energies, and the addition of a turbulence generating device were considered experimentally and computationally. It was found that increased initial fill pressures and the addition of a turbulence generator aided in the detonation process. The actuators successfully produced Chapman-Jouguet detonations and wave speeds on the order of 3000 m/s.
Characterization of Amyloid Deposits in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2011)

The extracellular accumulation of insoluble fibrillar peptides in brain parenchyma and vessel walls as amyloid is the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Prion diseases. Regardless their amino acid sequences, all amyloid peptides adopt an insoluble, highly ordered beta sheet structure when aggregated. Amyloid is homogeneous and eosinophilic and, common to most cross-beta-type structures; it is generally identified by apple-green birefringence when stained with Congo red and seen under polarized light. Amyloid can also be identified by an apple green color when stained with thioflavine-S and seen under a fluorescence microscope. By electron microscopy, the typical fibrillar ultrastructure of amyloid deposits is revealed. The biochemical nature of the amyloid subunits present in the deposits can be recognized by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies or by amino acid sequencing analysis, western blot, and mass spectrometry after isolation of parenchymal or vascular amyloid proteins.
Thermal modeling and adaptive control of scan welding (1998)

This article introduces scan welding as a redesign of classical joining methods, employing automation technology to ensure the overall geometric, material and mechanical integrity of the joint. This is obtained by real-time control of the welding temperature field by a proper dynamic heat input distribution on the weld surface. This distribution is implemented in scan welding by a single torch, sweeping the joint surface by a controlled reciprocating motion, and power adjusted by feedback of infrared temperature measurements in-process. An off-line numerical simulation of the thermal field in scan welding is established, as well as a linearized multivariable model with real-time parameter identification. An adaptive thermal control scheme is thus implemented and validated - both computational ly and experimentally on a robotic plasma arc welding (PAW) station. The resulting thermal features related to the generated material structure and properties of the joint are finally analyzed in scan welding tests and simulations.
Ion optical design of the BRF-FNAL-SAIC-UW PET accelerator (2002)

Production of positron emitting radioactive isotopes /sup 18/F, /sup 15/O, /sup 11/C and /sup 13/N for use in positron emission tomography is important for medical imaging. The present state of the production art is to use cyclotrons to accelerate deuterons to an energy range in the 10's of MeV and impinge the deuterons on appropriate targets. An alternative approach is to use a cascade of RFQ's to accelerate /sup 3/He ions to 10-MeV as the bombarding particles. Due to the lower background radiation, a /sup 3/He accelerator requires far less shielding than a cyclotron, in addition to other advantages. This paper will discuss briefly the end to end ion optics design of an RFQ based /sup 3/He PET accelerator. Emphasis will be on the medium energy beam transport (MEBT) portion. The MEBT required a solution to the difficult problem of matching two RFQ's while allowing room for a gas jet stripper. Our solution to this problem could be modified to allow a match between high power RFQ's and linacs, a problem faced by several possible future accelerators.
Genomic Epidemiology of<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>O1 Associated with Floods, Pakistan, 2010 (2014)

At least 2 subclades coexisted that had different antimicrobial-resistance profiles and patterns of spread.
Keratoplasty Postoperative Treatment Update (2013)

Immunosuppressive therapy is the main postoperative treatment for keratoplasty, but there are considerable differences in protocols for the use of steroids and other immunosuppressants. Therefore, we conducted 2 prospective randomized clinical trials and 1 prospective nonrandomized clinical trial on keratoplasty postoperative treatment. One study evaluated the efficacy and safety of long-term topical corticosteroids after a penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Patients who underwent keratoplasty and maintained graft clarity for >1 year were randomly assigned to either a steroid or a no-steroid group. At the 12-month follow-up, the no-steroid group developed significantly more endothelial rejection than did the steroid group. A second study elucidated the effectiveness and safety of systemic cyclosporine in high-risk corneal transplantation. The patients were assigned to a systemic cyclosporine or control group. At a mean follow-up of 42.7 months, no difference was observed in the endothelial rejection rates and graft clarity loss between the 2 groups. A third study elucidated the effectiveness and the safety of systemic tacrolimus in high-risk corneal transplantation. Of 11 consecutive eyes decompensated despite systemic cyclosporine treatment, there was no irreversible rejection in eyes treated with tacrolimus, which was significantly better than in previous penetrating keratoplasty with systemic cyclosporine treatment. Prognosis after keratoplasty in patients with keratoconus is relatively good, but special attention is required for patients with atopic dermatitis. Postkeratoplasty atopic sclerokeratitis (PKAS) is a severe form of sclerokeratitis after keratoplasty in atopic patients. Our retrospective study showed that 35 eyes of 29 patients from a total of 247 keratoconus eyes undergoing keratoplasty were associated with atopic dermatitis, of which 6 eyes of 5 patients developed PKAS. Eyes with PKAS had a significantly higher incidence of atopic blepharitis and preoperative corneal neovascularization, and therefore, we suggest systemic corticosteroids or cyclosporine to prevent PKAS in such high-risk cases.
Temporal and spatial characteristics of the area at risk investigated using computed tomography and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (2015)

Background Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can measure the myocardial area at risk (AAR), but the technique has received criticism for inadequate validation. CMR commonly depicts an AAR that is wider than the infarct, which in turn would require al ateral perfusion gradient within the AAR. We investigated the presence of a lateral perfusion gradient within the AAR and validated CMR measures of AAR against 3 independent reference standards of high quality. Methods Computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging, microsphere blood flow analysis, T1-weighted 3T CMR, and fluorescent microparticle pathology were used to investigate the AAR in a canine model (n=10) of ischemia and reperfusion.
<font>AlGaN</font>/<font>GaN</font> HEMTs: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS (2008)

This paper provides an overview of recent work and future directions in Gallium Nitride transistor research. We discuss the present status of Ga -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs and the innovations that have led to record RF power performance. We describe the development of N -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs with microwave power performance comparable with state-of-art Ga -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs. Finally we will discuss how GaN -based field effect transistors could be promising for a less obvious application: low-power high-speed digital circuits.
Decisions, actions, and games (2011)

We have now developed separate logics for knowledge update, inference, belief revision, and preference change. But concrete agency has all these entangled. A concrete intuitive setting where this happens is in games, and this chapter will explore such interactive scenarios. Our second reason for studying games here is as a concrete model of mid-term and long-term interaction over time (think of conversation or other forms of interactive agency), beyond the single steps that were the main focus in our logical systems so far.
On the Non-Existence of Blockwise 2-Local PRGs with Applications to Indistinguishability Obfuscation (2017)

Lin and Tessaro (Eprint 2017/250) recently proposed indistinguishability obfuscation and functional encryption candidates and proved their security based on a standard assumption on bilinear maps and a non-standard assumption on ``Goldreich-like'' pseudorandom generators (PRG). In a nutshell, they require the existence of pseudo-random generators $G:\Sigma^n \to \{0,1\}^m$ for some $\mathsf{poly}(n)$-size alphabet $\Sigma$ where each output bit depends on at most two input alphabet symbols, and which achieve sufficiently large stretch. We show a polynomial-time attack against such generators. Our attack uses tools from the literature on two-source extractors (Chor and Goldreich, SICOMP 1988) and efficient refutation of 2-CSPs over large alphabets (Allen, O'Donnell and Witmer, FOCS 2015). Finally, we propose new ways to instantiate the Lin-Tessaro construction that do not immediately fall to our attacks. While we cannot say with any confidence that these modifications are secure, they certainly deserve further cryptanalysis.
Using Feedback Linearization to Improve the Tracking Performance of a Linear Hydraulic-Actuator (2017)

In this paper, a simple feedback linearization method is used to improve the tracking performance of a linear hydraulic-actuator. This research uses an open-centered four-way valve to control the displacement of the hydraulic actuator, based upon an input command from the operator. In this research, the operator is modeled as a first-order system with a bandwidth frequency of 2 Hz. The feedback linearization method is used to adjust the operator input based on the measurement of fluid pressure on only one side of the actuator and the pump pressure that supplies the valve. No other sensing is needed. Using this approach, the R-squared value for tracking a sinusoidal displacement of the actuator and the bandwidth frequency of the actuator are increased. Furthermore, it is shown that the feedback linearization method reduces and nearly eliminates the load dependence of the tracking response, which means that operators should have less difficulty learning how to operate the machine over a wide range of conditions, and the overall productivity of the machine should go up. In summary, the elegance of this model is found in the fact that it is very simple to implement and that the alterations in output performance are greatly enhanced.