gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The selection of variable regions affects effector mechanisms of IgA antibodies against CD20 (2021)

Blockade of the CD47-SIRPα axis improves lymphoma cell killing by myeloid effector cells, which is an important effector mechanism for CD20 antibodies in vivo. The approved CD20 antibodies rituximab, ofatumumab, and obinutuzumab are of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype. We investigated the impact of the variable regions of these 3 CD20 antibodies when expressed as human IgA2 isotype variants. All 3 IgA2 antibodies mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by polymorphonuclear cells. Both effector mechanisms were significantly enhanced in the presence of a CD47-blocking antibody or by glutaminyl cyclase inhibition to interfere with CD47-SIRPα interactions. Interestingly, an IgA2 variant of obinutuzumab (OBI-IgA2) was consistently more potent than an IgA2 variant of rituximab (RTX-IgA2) or an IgA2 variant of ofatumumab (OFA-IgA2) in triggering ADCC. Furthermore, we observed more effective direct tumor cell killing by OBI-IgA2 compared with RTX-IgA2 and OFA-IgA2, which was caspase independent and required a functional cytoskeleton. IgA2 variants of all 3 antibodies triggered complement-dependent cytotoxicity, with OBI-IgA2 being less effective than RTX-IgA2 and OFA-IgA2. When we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the CD20 IgA2 antibodies in different in vivo models, OBI-IgA2 was therapeutically more effective than RTX-IgA2 or OFA-IgA2. In vivo efficacy required the presence of a functional IgA receptor on effector cells and was independent of complement activation or direct lymphoma cell killing. These data characterize the functional activities of human IgA2 antibodies against CD20, which were affected by the selection of the respective variable regions. OBI-IgA2 proved particularly effective in vitro and in vivo, which may be relevant in the context of CD47-SIRPα blockade.
A Model for Reasoning about JavaScript Promises (2017)

In JavaScript programs, asynchrony arises in situations such as web-based user-interfaces, communicating with servers through HTTP requests, and non-blocking I/O. Event-based programming is the most popular approach for managing asynchrony, but suffers from problems such as lost events and event races, and results in code that is hard to understand and debug. Recently, ECMAScript 6 has added support for promises, an alternative mechanism for managing asynchrony that enables programmers to chain asynchronous computations while supporting proper error handling. However, JavaScript promises are complex and error-prone in their own right, so programmers would benefit from techniques that can reason about the correctness of promise-based code. Since the ECMAScript 6 specification is informal and intended for implementors of JavaScript engines, it does not provide a suitable basis for formal reasoning. This paper presents lambda_P, a core calculus that captures the essence of EcmaScript 6 promises. Based on lambda_P, we introduce the promise graph, a program representation that can assist programmers with the debugging of promise-based code. We then report on a case study in which we investigate how the promise graph can be helpful for debugging errors in promise-based code fragments reported on the StackOverflow forum. As another application of lambda_P, we systematically derive a static analysis that can be used to compute an over-approximation of the promise graph.
A QAM modulator for WCDMA base station (2002)

A QAM modulator has been developed and implemented with programmable logic devices (PLDs). D/A converters were implemented in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. A conventional QAM modulator needs four multipliers, two adders and sine/cosine ROMs. The designed CORDIC based QAM modulator has about same logic complexity as two multipliers and an adder with the same word sizes. The QAM modulator accepts 12 b in-phase and quadrature data streams, interpolates them by 16 and upconverts the baseband signal to a selected center frequency. The QAM modulator is designed to fulfil the spectrum and error vector magnitude (EVM) specifications of the wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system.
Inhibition of Matriptase Activity Results in Decreased Intestinal Epithelial Monolayer Integrity In Vitro (2015)

Barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases implies enhanced paracellular flux and lowered transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) causing effective invasion of enteropathogens or altered intestinal absorption of toxins and drug compounds. To elucidate the role of matriptase-driven cell surface proteolysis in the maintenance of intestinal barrier function, the 3-amidinophenylalanine-derived matriptase inhibitor, MI-432 was used on porcine IPEC-J2 cell monolayer. Studies with two fluorescent probes revealed that short (2 h) treatment with MI-432 caused an altered distribution of oxidative species between intracellular and extracellular spaces in IPEC-J2 cells. This perturbation was partially compensated when administration of inhibitor continued for up to 48 h. Significant decrease in TER between apical and basolateral compartments of MI-432-treated IPEC-J2 cell monolayers proved that matriptase is one of the key effectors in the maintenance of barrier integrity. Changes in staining pattern of matriptase and in localization of the junctional protein occludin were observed suggesting that inhibition of matriptase by MI-432 can also exert an effect on paracellular gate opening via modulation of tight junctional protein assembly. This study confirms that non-tumorigenic IPEC-J2 cells can be used as an appropriate small intestinal model for the in vitro characterization of matriptase-related effects on intestinal epithelium. These findings demonstrate indirectly that matriptase plays a pivotal role in the development of barrier integrity; thus matriptase dysfunction can facilitate the occurence of leaky gut syndrome observed in intestinal inflammatory diseases.
Alternatív sejtelhalási mechanizmusok, mint a tumor ellenes terápia célpontjai = Alternative mechanisms of the cell death as targets for anti-tumor therapy (2008)

A daganatellenes kemoterápiában alakalmazott vegyületek egyik fontos hatása az, hogy daganatsejtekben aktív sejtelhalást váltanak ki. Az alternatív sejtelhalási típusok közül legismeretebb az apoptotikus és a nekrotikus forma, amelyeknek eltérő immunológiai következménye is vélelmezhető. Az apoptotikus jelpálya centrális elemei a kaszpáz proteázok. Azonban kaszpázaktivitás hiányában is (génexpressziós eltérések, oxidatív környezet) indukálódhat aktív sejtelhalás és fordítva: a kaszpázaktivitás nem jár együtt mindig sejtelhalással. Kutatásaink célja az volt, hogy olyan, elsősorban proteolitikus aktivitásokat azonosítsunk daganatsejtekben, amelyek helyettesíthetik a kaszpázok hiányát, illetve kaszpáz aktiválódás mellett is befolyásolják a sejtelhalást. Távlati célunk az, hogy ezeket a proteolitikus aktivitásokat megcélozva hatékonyabb daganatellenes terápiák lehetőségét alapozzunk meg. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a cisztein katepszinek nem helyettesítik a kaszpázok apoptótikus funkcióját az általunk kidolgozott leukémia modellekben, de befolyásolhatják a kialakuló sejtelhalás típusát (apoptózis-nekrózis váltás). A proteaszóma aktivitás pro- és antiapoptotikus hatású is lehet kaszpáz-mediálta sejtelhaláskor függően az indukáló szerektől és sejttípustól. Kidolgoztunk egy új eljárást nekrotikus sejtek detektálására áramlásos citométerrel. | Induction of active cell death is the main effect of therapeutic anticancer drugs. The most known alternative cell death forms are apoptosis and necrosis that have also alternative immunological consequences. Caspase proteases are the central elements of the apoptotic pathway. However, in the absence of caspase activity (change in gene expression, oxidative environment) cell death can proceed and vica versa: caspase activation is not always accompanied with cell death. The purpose of our project was to identify proteolytic activities that may replace caspases in apoptosis or modulate the outcome of apoptotic process in the presence of caspase activation in cancer cells. Taking a long view, our aim is to target these proteolytic activities to improve the anticancer activities of therapeutic drugs. Our resuls demonstrated that cystein cathepsins do not substitute caspase activity in our leukemic models, but influence the emerging mode of cell death (apoptosis-necrosis switch). Proteasome activity can promote both pro- and anti-apoptotic effects in caspase-mediated cell death depending on inducer drugs and cell types. We have developed a new method to detect necrotic cells by flow cytometry.
One-Dimensional Quantum Electron and Hole States in n-Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub> 1-x</sub>As/u-GaAs/u-Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub> 1-x</sub>As Corrugated Double-Heterojunctions (1995)

Quasi-one-dimensional quantum electron and hole states are suggested in modulation-doped n -Al x Ga 1- x As/ u -GaAs/ u -Al x Ga 1- x As corrugated double heterojunctions. The interfaces between n -Al x Ga 1- x As/ u -GaAs and u -GaAs/ u -Al x Ga 1- x As are saw-tooth corrugated by bends with period 850 Å and bending angle 90°. The thickness of the sandwiched GaAs layer is 150 Å. Quantum-mechanical simulations are performed for electrons and holes. The electrons are found to be densely packed in quasi-one-dimensional states located in the convex corner of the GaAs layer near the doped layer of n -Al x Ga 1- x As. The hole states are also quasi-one-dimensional and are located in the convex corner of the GaAs layer near the undoped layer of u -Al x Ga 1- x As. Consequently, spatial separation of ground level electron and hole quantum states can be achieved.
The FLDA model for aspect-based opinion mining (2013)

Aspect-based opinion mining from online reviews has attracted a lot of attention recently. The main goal of all of the proposed methods is extracting aspects and/or estimating aspect ratings. Recent works, which are often based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), consider both tasks simultaneously. These models are normally trained at the item level, i.e., a model is learned for each item separately. Learning a model per item is fine when the item has been reviewed extensively and has enough training data. However, in real-life data sets such as those from Epinions.com and Amazon.com more than 90% of items have less than 10 reviews, so-called cold start items. State-of-the-art LDA models for aspect-based opinion mining are trained at the item level and therefore perform poorly for cold start items due to the lack of sufficient training data. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic graphical model based on LDA, called Factorized LDA (FLDA), to address the cold start problem. The underlying assumption of FLDA is that aspects and ratings of a review are influenced not only by the item but also by the reviewer. It further assumes that both items and reviewers can be modeled by a set of latent factors which represent their aspect and rating distributions. Different from state-of-the-art LDA models, FLDA is trained at the category level and learns the latent factors using the reviews of all the items of a category, in particular the non cold start items, and uses them as prior for cold start items. Our experiments on three real-life data sets demonstrate the improved effectiveness of the FLDA model in terms of likelihood of the held-out test set. We also evaluate the accuracy of FLDA based on two application-oriented measures.
Persistence of Unequal Access to Classical Hematology Telemedicine Visits by Race and Other Demographics During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023)

Background: Unequal access to telemedicine services exacerbates health inequities and was evident at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to explore whether unequal access persisted within a classical hematology division beyond the peak of COVID-19. Methods: Patient demographics by virtual visit type (telephone only [TO] or video only [VO]) between March 2020 and December 2021 were analyzed using adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Results: Of 8,207 patients, 18.4% had TO and 28.4% had VO visits. Fewer Black (21.8%; aOR 0.5 [0.4–0.62]), Hispanic or Latino (18.8%; 0.45 [0.34–0.59]), Spanish-speaking (7.6%; 0.32 [0.19–0.54]), high school (21.2%; 0.64 [0.52–0.78]), and older (24.2%) patients used VO compared with White (30.6%), English-speaking (29.5%), college (31%), postgraduate (34.9%), and younger (35.4%) patients. Conclusions: Groups that historically experience health inequities had fewer VO visits during and beyond the pandemic peak. Thus, there is a need to continue digital inclusion efforts to promote video access equity.
A Novel Training and Collaboration Integrated Framework for Human–Agent Teleoperation (2021)

Human operators have the trend of increasing physical and mental workloads when performing teleoperation tasks in uncertain and dynamic environments. In addition, their performances are influenced by subjective factors, potentially leading to operational errors or task failure. Although agent-based methods offer a promising solution to the above problems, the human experience and intelligence are necessary for teleoperation scenarios. In this paper, a truncated quantile critics reinforcement learning-based integrated framework is proposed for human-agent teleoperation that encompasses training, assessment and agent-based arbitration. The proposed framework allows for an expert training agent, a bilateral training and cooperation process to realize the co-optimization of agent and human. It can provide efficient and quantifiable training feedback. Experiments have been conducted to train subjects with the developed algorithm. The performances of human-human and human-agent cooperation modes are also compared. The results have shown that subjects can complete the tasks of reaching and picking and placing with the assistance of an agent in a shorter operational time, with a higher success rate and less workload than human-human cooperation.
Effect of Ly 5 allotype on in vitro immune responses. (1988)

We have tested in vitro immune responses of several kinds to determine if Ly 5 allotype influences reactivity of murine splenocytes in processes thought to involve the T200 glycoprotein. Matings were established among C57BL/6J (B6) (Ly 5.1) and C57BL/6-Ly 5.2 (B6-Ly 5.2) congenic mice (both H-2b) to obtain sibling mice segregating for alloalleles of the Ly 5 system. F2 progeny of the three Ly 5 genotypes were tested for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), proliferation in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), mitogen responsiveness, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytotoxic activity. We observed that in Ly 5 segregant mice, higher CTL activity was associated with the Ly 5.2 type. No allotype effect was observed in MLC, mitogen responses, and NK cell-mediated cytolysis. In the parental and F1 animals, mice carrying the Ly 5.2 allele had significantly higher ADCC levels, though this effect was not seen in the segregants. Our results indicate that Ly 5 or some closely linked gene or genes influence CTL activity of murine splenocytes in vitro.
Randomized clinical trials with vitamin D (2023)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Integrating phase into the visualization of spectral decomposition attributes (2015)

Abstract Much of the world’s conventional oil and gas production comes from fluvial-deltaic reservoirs. The ability to accurately interpret the architectural elements comprising these systems greatly reduces the risk in exploration and development in these environments. We have evaluated methods for using spectral decomposition attributes to improve the visualization in fluvial-deltaic environments using data from the Middle Pennsylvanian age Red Fork Formation of Oklahoma. We determined how spectral phase and magnitude attributes can be effectively combined using an hue-saturation-value color map to produce images that have considerable interpretational value. Incorporating our methods in the interpretation process has the potential to improve the exploration and development in these systems.
Role of Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Cardiovascular Disease (2014)

The interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with its cell-bound receptor RAGE increases gene expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines and increase generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Circulating receptors, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), and endosecretory RAGE (esRAGE) by binding with RAGE ligands have protective effects against AGE-RAGE interaction. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. This article reviews; if the AGE-RAGE axis is involved in the cigarette smoke-induced cardiovascular diseases. There are various sources of AGEs in smokers including, gas/tar of cigarette, activation of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, uncoupling of endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and xanthine oxidase. The levels of AGEs are elevated in smokers. Serum levels of sRAGE have been reported to be reduced, elevated, or unchanged in smokers. Mostly the levels are reduced. There is one article which shows an elevation of levels of sRAGE in smokers. Serum levels of esRAGE are unaltered in smokers. Mechanism of AGE-RAGE-induced atherosclerosis has been discussed. Atherosclerosis leads to the cardiovascular diseases. It has been suggested that ratio of AGE/sRAGE or AGE/esRAGE is useful in determining the deleterious effects of AGE-RAGE interaction in smokers. sRAGE alone is not a good marker for smoke-induced cardiovascular disease. In conclusion cigarette smoke induces formation of AGEs and reduces sRAGE resulting in the development of atherosclerosis and related coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Ratio of AGEs/sRAGE is a better marker for cardiovascular disease than AGEs or sRAGE alone in smokers.
Pharmacological Blockade of TRPA1 Inhibits Mechanical Firing in Nociceptors (2009)

Our data show that acute pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 at the cutaneous receptive field inhibits formalin-evoked activation and markedly reduces mechanically-evoked action potential firing in C fibers. Thus, functional TRPA1 at sensory afferent terminals in skin is required for their responsiveness to both noxious chemical and mechanical stimuli.
F-0929 Vibration Mechanism of Winged Insects : 1st Report, Observation of Morphology of Flight Muscles with 3-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscope (2001)

This paper describes the three-dimensional observation of morphology of flight muscles in some kinds of winged insects such as bees, dragonflies, and cicadae. In the 3-D observation of flight muscles, sequential sections through thoraces are sliced at the thickness of 30μm by the rotating knife and taken photos by camera with three-dimensional internal structure microscope automatically and repeatedly. Moreover, the 3-D images can be reconstructed by a computer based on the digital data after recording. Therefore, it is possible to observe any sections of thoraces, which have not actually been slices. From the 3-D observation, it is confirmed that the winged insects can be classified into three groups at least by the differences of morphology of flight muscles.
Abstract 11476: Role of the Completion Angiogram in Predicting Limb Salvage Following Endovascular Therapy in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia Presenting with Isolated Below-the-Knee Lesions (2011)

Backgrounds: Although endovascular therapy (EVT) has become a first-line therapy for limb salvage (LS) in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI), LS cannot always be predicted by completion ang...
Novel Antifungal Diketopiperazine from Marine Fungus. (2003)

Marine fungi producing antifungal compounds were screened against Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae), and a metabolite of marine fungus M-3 isolated from laver (Porphyra yezoensis) showed potent activity. Novel diketopiperazine (1) was isolated from the culture extracts, and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The MIC of 1 against P. oryzae was 0.36 microM.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotides. Part 63. Acetals as New 2′‐O‐Protecting Functions for the Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotides: Synthesis of Uridine Building Blocks and Evaluation of Their Relative Acid Stability. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Proteomic analysis shows that stress response proteins are significantly up-regulated in resistant diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum) in response to attack by the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) (2015)

The grain aphid <i>Sitobion avenae</i> (F.) is a major pest of wheat, acting as a virus vector as well as causing direct plant damage. Commonly grown wheat varieties in the UK have only limited resistance to this pest. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of a diploid wheat line (ACC20 PGR1755), reported as exhibiting resistance to <i>S. avenae,</i> to serve as a source of resistance genes. The diploid wheat line was confirmed as partially resistant, substantially reducing the fecundity, longevity and growth rate of the aphid. Proteomic analysis showed that approximately 200 protein spots were reproducibly detected in leaf extracts from both the resistant line and a comparable susceptible line (ACC5 PGR1735) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and image comparison software. Twenty-four spots were significantly up-regulated (>2-fold) in the resistant line after 24 h of aphid feeding (13 and 11 involved in local and systemic responses, respectively). Approximately 50 % of all differentially expressed protein spots were identified by a combination of database searching with MS and MS/MS data, revealing that the majority of proteins up-regulated by aphid infestation were involved in metabolic processes (including photosynthesis) and transcriptional regulation. However, in the resistant line only, several stress response proteins (including NBS-LRR-like proteins) and oxidative stress response proteins were identified as up-regulated in response to aphid feeding, as well as proteins involved in DNA synthesis/replication/repair. This study indicates that the resistant diploid line ACC20 PGR1755 may provide a valuable resource in breeding wheat for resistance to aphids.
Current-carrying Capacity of Long &amp;#x00026; Short Channel 2D Graphene Transistors (2008)

The fundamental current-carrying capacity of graphene is found to be much higher than tradiational FETs (MOSFETs, pHEMTs, etc), matched only by the I-V nitride HEMTs. Currently, the device structures investigated are rather primitive and do not allow for efficient heat removal - similar effects were observed for CNTs a decade ago. However, with top-gate technology (for high 2D carrier densities with smaller gate voltages), efficient heat removal (to prevent burnout), and improvement of the purity levels of the gate dielectrics (to achieve current saturation at lower biases and thus less heat due to I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> xV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> product lowering), 2D graphene and GNR based FETs can be expected to surpass most traditional (non-nitride) FETs in their current-carrying capacity.