gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric impact of tantalum markers used in the treatment of uveal melanoma with proton beam therapy (2007)

Metallic fiducial markers are frequently implanted in patients prior to external-beam radiation therapy to facilitate tumor localization. There is little information in the literature, however, about the perturbations in proton absorbed-dose distribution these objects cause. The aim of this study was to assess the dosimetric impact of perturbations caused by 2.5 mm diameter by 0.2 mm thick tantalum fiducial markers when used in proton therapy for treating uveal melanoma. Absorbed dose perturbations were measured using radiochromic film and confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations of the experiment. Additional Monte Carlo simulations were performed to study the effects of range modulation and fiducial placement location on the magnitude of the dose shadow for a representative uveal melanoma treatment. The simulations revealed that the fiducials caused perturbations in the absorbed-dose distribution, including absorbed-dose shadows of 22% to 82% in a typical proton beam for treating uveal melanoma, depending on the marker depth and orientation. The clinical implication of this study is that implanted fiducials may, in certain circumstances, cause dose shadows that could lower the tumor dose and theoretically compromise local tumor control. To avoid this situation, fiducials should be positioned laterally or distally with respect to the target volume.
Novel Approach to Anti‐Fouling and Fouling‐Release Marine Coatings Based on Dual‐Functional Siloxanes (2007)

Abstract The preparation, characterization, and bio‐testing of biocide incorporated silicone coatings for marine applications have been conducted. Derivatives of the biocide, Triclosan (5‐chloro‐2‐(2, 4‐dichlorophenoxy) phenol), were used to covalently attach the biocide moiety to a silicone backbone. The formulation process allowed for control of the resulting coating's mechanical properties as well as antifouling/fouling‐release performance in ocean site testing. The test results showed significantly reduce macro‐fouling with sustained fouling‐release characteristics for the coatings produced.
Analysis of a low-pressure mercury rare-gas positive column with a dynamic two-temperature representation of electron energy (1990)

A method for analyzing the dynamic behavior of a low-pressure mercury rare-gas positive column is presented. An eight-state scheme analysis for mercury and argon mixture under a non-Maxwell distribution of electron energy is established. The computing time is shortened by using the two-temperature model for electron energy distribution which I have developed to give an analytical expression for the non-Maxwellian distribution. Two-temperature parameters Tt and Tb for the tail and bulk temperature, respectively, are determined from a two-term Legendre polynomial expansion of the Boltzmann equation. Then a useful empirical result is that the ratio rT=Tt/Tb is a function of a single variable of electron density times electric field strength. By storing rT calculated as a function of this variable, the electron energy distribution, which should be calculated from the Boltzmann equation at each iteration step of solving the rate equations, is found simply by a table-looking-up procedure, whereby the computing time is shortened. The examination of the eight-state scheme is done by comparing calculated and experimental results, discussing physical processes occurring among the eight states.
Cycloaddition of substituted bicyclo[3.2.1]octa-2,6-diene with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCycloaddition of substituted bicyclo[3.2.1]octa-2,6-diene with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dioneWaldemar Adam, Ottorino De Lucchi, and Dieter ScheutzowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 21, 4130–4132Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00334a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00334a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data from Machine Learning of Bone Marrow Histopathology Identifies Genetic and Clinical Determinants in Patients with MDS (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), bone marrow (BM) histopathology is assessed to identify dysplastic cellular morphology, cellularity, and blast excess. Yet, other morphologic findings may elude the human eye. We used convolutional neural networks to extract morphologic features from 236 MDS, 87 MDS/MPN, and 11 control BM biopsies. These features predicted genetic and cytogenetic aberrations, prognosis, age, and gender in multivariate regression models. Highest prediction accuracy was found for &lt;i&gt;TET2&lt;/i&gt; [area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) = 0.94] and spliceosome mutations (0.89) and chromosome 7 monosomy (0.89). Mutation prediction probability correlated with variant allele frequency and number of affected genes per pathway, demonstrating the algorithms' ability to identify relevant morphologic patterns. By converting regression models to texture and cellular composition, we reproduced the classical del(5q) MDS morphology consisting of hypolobulated megakaryocytes. In summary, this study highlights the potential of linking deep BM histopathology with genetics and clinical variables.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Histopathology is elementary in the diagnostics of patients with MDS, but its high-dimensional data are underused. By elucidating the association of morphologic features with clinical variables and molecular genetics, this study highlights the vast potential of convolutional neural networks in understanding MDS pathology and how genetics is reflected in BM morphology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Elemento, p. 195.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supramolecular Assemblies Showing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (2021)

Supramolecular assemblies based on luminescent components offer significant advantages over their discrete counterparts, including improved quantum yields, stability, and tunability. Following interest as advanced optoelectronic materials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are incorporated into a range of supramolecular structures. Herein, a summary of the known examples of emissive supramolecular systems that operate via a TADF mechanism with comparisons, where possible, with their discrete counterparts is presented. While the types of supramolecular structures are diverse, there are limited examples shown for each class. With the increase in photophysical performance and/or emergence of new photochemical properties upon going from molecular to supramolecular, the potential that these systems hold becomes apparent.
Access Control for Emerging Distributed Systems (2018)

Technologies such as BigData, Cloud, Grid, and IoT are reshaping current data systems and practices, and IT experts are just as keen on harnessing the power of distributed systems to boost security and prevent fraud. How can massive distributed system capabilities be used to improve processing, instead of inflating risk?
Nb&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Sn Superconducting RF Cavities: R&amp;D Progress at Fermilab and Opportunities [Poster] (2020)

Nb3Sn becomes superconducting at twice as high temperature as our standard SRF material niobium. This allows us to efficiently operate Nb3Sn cavities at 4.4 K instead of the usual 2 K. This reduces cryogenic costs and even makes it possible to use a cryocooler instead of a large, complex cryogenic plant. The superheating field Hsh of Nb3Sn is twice that of niobium. Hsh is thought to be the ultimate limit for a defect-free superconductor. Nb3Sn cavities being made today are still about a factor of 4 away from this ultimate limit, but R&D has been leading to substantial progress towards this goal
ChemInform Abstract: Colloidal Nanocrystals of Zeolite β Stabilized in Alumina Matrix. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Methylguanidine cytotoxicity on HK-2 cells and protective effect of antioxidants against MG-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular cells <i>in vitro</i> (2010)

Methylguanidine (MG), a small molecule among guanidine compounds, is a product of protein catabolism. The concentration of MG in the serum of uremic patients is nearly 80 times of that in the serum of normal people. The present study was designed to explore the toxic effect of MG on renal proximal tubular cells as well as the protective effect of antioxidants PGE1 and probucol against MG-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular cells. HK-2 cells were used as the subject. The cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. N-Acetyl-3-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (light scatter and propidium iodide/annexin V-FTC fluorescence) and by nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258. Cells were exposed to MG (0.25, 0.5, or 1 mmol/L), MG (0.5 mmol/L) + PGE1 (2 microg/L), and MG (0.5 mmol/L) + probucol (20 micromol/L) respectively for 24 h. MG induced a significant dose-dependent loss of cell viability. Both PGE1 and probucol improved the viability of MG-treated HK-2 cells. Cells showed apoptotic morphology (deepened stain, karyopyknosis, and apoptotic body) when exposed to 0.5 mmol/L MG for 24 h, and the apoptosis ratio was increased compared with the control. The presence of PGE1 or probucol significantly lowered the apoptotic ratio. Moreover, PGE1 or probucol notably decreased the MDA content and increased the SOD activity compared with when the cells were treated with MG only. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that MG could promote apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cells in vitro. Both PGE1 and probucol could protect renal proximal tubular cells from MG-induced apoptosis.
Starting of three-phase reluctance motors connected to a single phase supply (1992)

An analysis of the starting process of a three-phase reluctance motor when fed from a single-phase supply is presented. This analysis is aimed, mainly, at the determination of the variations in the different machine parameters as it pulls into synchronism. Special attention is given to the calculation of both the positive and negative sequence impedances. These impedances play an important role in the proper selection of the phase converter capacitance needed for ensuring satisfactory operation. For this purpose, the symmetrical component concept along with classical synchronous machine theory have been effectively employed. The devised mathematical model could also help in studying the asynchronous operation of synchronous machines when fed from either three-phase or single-phase power supplies. The effect of the value of the selected phase converter capacitance on the performance of the reluctance motor during starting and normal running conditions is investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dynamic Complex Formation During the Yeast Cell Cycle (2005)

To analyze the dynamics of protein complexes during the yeast cell cycle, we integrated data on protein interactions and gene expression. The resulting time-dependent interaction network places both periodically and constitutively expressed proteins in a temporal cell cycle context, thereby revealing previously unknown components and modules. We discovered that most complexes consist of both periodically and constitutively expressed subunits, which suggests that the former control complex activity by a mechanism of just-in-time assembly. Consistent with this, we show that additional regulation through targeted degradation and phosphorylation by Cdc28p (Cdk1) specifically affects the periodically expressed proteins.
Evaluation of Event Impact on Key Performance Indicators (2019)

Monitoring and understanding the performance of equipment and operations is a real and challenging problem in industrial and commercial settings. Although many operations have a set of agreed-upon Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that have been defined by domain experts, most of these KPIs suffer from many issues including but not limited to sensitivity to seasonality and load conditions, approximate and inaccurate calculations, and measurement noise. This makes further analysis of these measurements a real challenge. This paper focuses on answering a simple yet crucial question in regards to KPI monitoring: "Have a given event made an impact on the performance of an operation?". The paper presents an approach to answer this question in a systematic and statistically-sound way while alleviating the aforementioned problems with the provided KPIs. The key idea behind the proposed approach is to predict the would-be performance as if the event has not happened. The approach then applies a three-way hypothesis testing on the difference between the would-be and actual performance to determine whether the event resulted in improvement, degradation or no-change in performance. Results from simulation study and experiments on real use cases demonstrate the effectiveness and usability of the proposed approach.
Single-transverse-mode broadband InAs quantum dot superluminescent light emitting diodes by parity-time symmetry (2018)

Parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking in counterintuitive gain/loss coupled waveguide designs is numerically and theoretically investigated. The PT symmetry mode selection conditions are determined theoretically. Single-transverse-mode broadband InAs quantum dot (QD) superluminescent light emitting diodes (SLEDs) are fabricated and characterized; the PT symmetric broad-area SLEDs contain laterally coupled gain and loss PT- symmetric waveguides. Single-transverse-mode operation is achieved by parity-time symmetry breaking. The broadband SLEDs exhibit a uniform Gaussian-like emission spectrum with the 3-dB bandwidth of 110 nm. Far-field characteristics of the coupled waveguide SLEDs exhibit a single-lobe far-field pattern when the gain and loss waveguides are biased at the injection current of 600 mA and 60 mA, respectively.
Spatial and Temporal Kinetics of Teratoma Formation from Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Transplantation (2007)

Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to form teratomas composed of derivatives from all three germ layers in animal models. This tumorigenic potential prevents clinical translation of ES cell research. In order to understand the biology and physiology of teratoma formation, we investigated the influence of undifferentiated ES cell number, migration, and long-term follow up after transplantation. Murine ES cells were stably transduced with a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector with a constitutive ubiquitin promoter driving a double-fusion (DF) reporter gene that consists of firefly luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (Fluc-eGFP). To assess effects of cell numbers, varying numbers of ES-DF cells (1, 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000) were injected subcutaneously into the dorsal regions of adult nude mice. To assess cell migration, 1 x 10(6) ES-DF cells were injected intramyocardially into adult Sv129 mice, and leakage to other extracardiac sites was monitored. To assess effects of long-term engraftment, 1 x 10(4) ES-DF cells were injected intramyocardially into adult nude rats, and cell survival response was monitored for 10 months. Our results show that ES-DF cells caused extracardiac teratoma in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts; the lowest number of undifferentiated ES cells capable of causing teratoma was 500-1,000; and long-term engraftment could be shown for >300 days. Collectively, these results illustrate the potent tumorigenic potential of ES cells, which presents an enormous obstacle for future clinical studies.
Systematic Modulation of the Fluorescence Brightness in Boron‐Dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐Tagged <i>N</i>‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)–Gold–Thiolates (2016)

Five different highly fluorescent boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-tagged N-heterocyclic carbene NHC-gold halide complexes were synthesized. The substitution of the halogeno ligand by 4-substituted aryl thiolates leads to a decrease in the brightness of the complexes. This decrease depends on the electronic nature of the thiols, being most pronounced with highly electron-rich thiols (4-R=NMe<sub>2</sub> ). The brightness of the gold thiolates also depends on the distance between the sulfur atom and the BODIPY moiety. The systematic variation of the electron density of [(NHC-bodipy)Au(SC<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> R)] (via different R groups) enables the systematic variation of the fluorescence brightness of an appended BODIPY fluorophore. Based on this and supported by DFT calculations, a photoinduced electron-transfer quenching appears to be the dominant mechanism controlling the brightness of the appended BODIPY dye.
Current State of Clinical Translation of Cardioprotective Agents for Acute Myocardial Infarction (2013)

There is continued interest in the concept of limiting myocardial infarct size with adjunctive agents administered along with reperfusion injury; however, there remains considerable controversy in the literature. The purpose of this article is to review the medical literature on clinical trials performed during the past 3 years that have attempted to reduce myocardial infarct size by administration of adjunctive therapies along with reperfusion therapy. A PubMed-driven literature search revealed a host of clinical trials focusing on the following prominent types of therapies: endogenous conditioning (postconditioning and remote ischemic conditioning); rapid cooling; pharmacological therapy (cyclosporine, abciximab, clopidogrel, tirofiban, erythropoietin, thrombus aspiration, adenosine, glucose-insulin-potassium, statins, antidiabetic agents, FX06, iron chelation, and ranolazine). Although there remains some controversy, quite a few of these studies showed that adjunctive therapy further reduced myocardial infarct size when coupled with reperfusion. Antiplatelet agents are emerging as some of the newest agents that seem to have cardioprotective capabilities. Postconditioning has become a bit more controversial in the clinical literature; remote conditioning, early and rapid cooling, adenosine, and ranolazine are intriguing therapies deserving of larger studies. Certain agents and maneuvers, such as erythropoietin, protein kinase C δ inhibitors, iron chelation, and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, perhaps should be retired. The correct adjunctive therapy administered along with reperfusion has the capability of further reducing myocardial injury during ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study of Material Transport and Deposition in Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) Process (2018)

The objective of this work is to forward a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to explain the aerodynamics behind aerosol transport and deposition in aerosol jet printing (AJP). The CFD model allows for: (i) mapping of velocity fields as well as particle trajectories; and (ii) investigation of post-deposition phenomena of sticking, rebounding, spreading, and splashing. The complex geometry of the deposition head was modeled in the ANSYS-Fluent environment, based on a patented design as well as accurate measurements, obtained from 3D X-ray CT imaging. The entire volume of the geometry was subsequently meshed, using a mixture of smooth and soft quadrilateral elements, with consideration of layers of inflation to obtain an accurate solution near the walls. A combined approach — based on the density-based and pressure-based Navier-Stokes formation — was adopted to obtain steady-state solutions and to bring the conservation imbalances below a specified linearization tolerance (10−6). Turbulence was modeled, using the realizable k-ε viscose model with scalable wall functions. A coupled two-phase flow model was set up to track a large number of injected particles. The boundary conditions were defined based on experimental sensor data. A single-factor factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of sheath gas flow rate (ShGFR) on line morphology, and also validate the CFD model.
Measurement of nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide densities by using CEAS (cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy) in nonthermal atmospheric pressure air plasma (2020)

Abstract Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasmas are widely used in biomedicine and agriculture. Currently, radical density is used as an important parameter for the development of plasma biomedicine and agriculture. Especially, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals are significant species in these applications. These could be measured by using the cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) technique. For the NO 2 and NO radical density measurement, we used a visible LED (light‐emitting diode) of 660 nm and a mid‐infrared LD (laser diode) of 5238.6 nm, respectively. Radical densities can be calculated with the transmission ratio using Beer–Lambert law, which is obtained by the absorbed amount of laser intensity passed through the gas from the plasma jet in an optical cavity of CEAS.