gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified 16-Quasi Log Periodic Antenna Array for Microwave Imaging of Breast Cancer Detection (2021)

In this paper, an effective system for microwave imaging of breast tumor detection using modified 16-planar log periodic antenna (PLPA) array is presented. The modified PLPA operates in the band from 2 to 5 GHz with stable directional patterns in the end-fire direction. Once the results of a single antenna element have been validated, the design is extended to include 16 antenna elements. All 16 transceiver antennas are vertically placed around the phantom in a circular manner where one antenna acts as a transmitter and the rest work as receivers. Delay and Sum (DAS) algorithm is used for post processing the acquired scattered signals from the sensors to reconstruct the image of the breast and to identify the existence of breast tumors. The electromagnetic simulators CST and HFSS are used to design the system, while MATLAB is used to process the data. The developed PLPA array-based microwave imaging system performs admirably, making it one of the most effective systems for detecting tumor cells.
Investigating The Functional Role of CD28 On Belatacept-Resistant Human TH17 Memory Cells. (2014)

Pathogen primed memory T cells can cross-react with allogeneic antigen and mediate graft rejection, a process termed allogeneic heterologous immunity. Heterologous T cell responses have been directly demonstrated to be a barrier to tolerance induction strategies such as costimulation blockade, highlighting the importance of understanding phenotypic diversity among pathogen elicited T cell subsets. The CD28/CTLA-4 costimulation blocker belatacept inhibits alloreactive T cell responses but is associated with a high incidence of acute rejection following renal transplantation, which led us to investigate the etiology of belatacept-resistant graft rejection. Th17 cells are a pro-inflammatory CD4+ lineage that provides immunity to pathogens and are pathogenic in autoimmune disease. We found that Th17 memory cells are uniquely resistant to belatacept and associated with acute rejection in renal transplant recipients, but the mechanism of this resistance remains unclear. Our data demonstrate that CD4+ Th1 and Th17 memory cell subsets constitutively express the costimulatory receptor CD28, leading us to investigate whether Th17 cells are sensitive to selective CD28 blockade with domain antibodies (dAbs) that leave coinhibitory CTLA-4 signaling intact. Selective CD28 blockade inhibited Th1 cells but surprisingly augmented Th17 responses. Conversely, CD28 ligation inhibited Th17 populations. Following CD28 agonism, Th17 memory cells similarly upregulated the activation marker CD69 but expressed significantly greater amounts of coinhibitory CTLA-4 compared to Th1 cells. Relative to Th1 cells, Th17 cells also expressed lower levels of the transcription factors FOXO1 and FOXO3, which bind upstream of the CTLA-4 gene, suggesting a repressive role for these molecules in the expression of CTLA-4. These results demonstrate that the CD28 receptor has distinct functions on Th1 vs. Th17 memory cells and suggest novel mechanisms of costimulation on Th17 memory cells. Thus, this study has identified differences in costimulatory pathways of CD4+ memory subsets, and demonstrates that the heterogeneity of pathogen-derived memory has implications for the immunomodulation of pathologic T cell responses. DISCLOSURES:Suchard, S.: Employee, Bristol-Meyers Squibb. Nadler, S.: Employee, Bristol-Meyers Squibb.
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA)–Based Amplification of Intensity-Modulated Optical Pulses — Deterministic Timing Jitter and Pulse Peak Power Equalization Analysis (2015)

During the last few years, large-scale efforts towards realizing high-photonic integration densities have put SOAs in the spotlight once again. Hence, the need to develop a complete framework for SOA-induced signal distortion to accurately evaluate a system’s performance has now become evident. To cope with this demand, we present a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of the deterministic timing jitter and the pulse peak power equalization of SOA-amplified intensity-modulated optical pulses. The deterministic timing jitter model relies on the pulse mean arrival time estimation and its analytic formula reveals an approximate linear relationship between the deterministic timing jitter and the logarithmic values of intensity modulation when the SOA gain recovery time is faster than the pulse period. The theoretical analysis also arrives at an analytic expression for the intensity modulation reduction (IMR), which clearly elucidates the pulse peak power equalization mechanism of SOA. The IMR analysis shows that the output intensity modulation depth is linearly related to the respective input modulation depth of the optical pulses when the gain recovery time is faster than the pulse period. This novel theoretical platform provides a qualitative and quantitative insight into the SOA performance in case of intensity-modulated optical pulses.
Circuits intégrés photoniques sur InP pour la génération de signaux hyperfréquences (2016)

Cette these s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'optique micro-onde. Nous avons mis en oeuvre differentes solutions opto-electroniques dans le but de realiser un synthetiseur hyperfrequence monolithiquement integre, faiblement bruite et largement accordable jusqu'au domaine millimetrique. Le synthetiseur est base sur l'integration sur InP de deux lasers DFB, d'un coupleur optique et d'une photodiode rapide. En outre, un modulateur electro-optique est egalement implemente sur la puce afin de transmettre un signal de donnees sur la porteuse generee. Les performances obtenues en terme de gamme d'accord et de transmission de donnees sans fil se sont revelees conformes aux objectifs. Ainsi, une gamme d'accord de 0 a 110 GHz et un debit de transmission de donnee sans fil a courte distance de 1 Gbit/s ont pu etre demontres, etablissant notre systeme a l'etat de l'art mondial pour ce type de composant totalement integre. Les performances en terme de bruit de phase se sont en revanche revelees decevantes. Pour remedier a ce probleme nuisant a la montee en debit superieurs, nous avons investigue deux solutions de stabilisation de la frequence porteuse. La premiere, basee sur un asservissement electronique (OPLL) de la puce, s'est pour le moment revele infructueuse, mais a permis d'etudier plus avant les problematiques qui lui sont liees. La seconde solution, basee sur un systeme inedit de retroinjection optique mutuelle et une stabilisation sur un oscillateur electronique externe a quant a elle repondu a nos souhaits. En effet, la stabilisation de la frequence porteuse par cette technique a permis de demontre des largeurs de raies inferieure a 30 Hz et un bruit de phase reduit a -90 dBc/Hz a 10 kHz d'une porteuse accordee a 90 GHz. A la suite de ces travaux sur une premiere generation de composants, une deuxieme generation a ete developpee afin d'ameliorer les performances intrinseques de la puce en remediant aux limitations observees jusqu'alors. Ainsi, une nouvelle configuration de cavite a ete concue integrant notamment des lasers plus longs ainsi que des miroirs haute reflectivite. Par ailleurs, une optimisation de la structure de la photodiode a ete realisee afin d'ameliorer encore sa bande passante. Une telle source permet d’envisager la generation et la modulation de signaux microonde faible bruit de phase et largement accordables sur des composants monolithiquement integres repondant aux exigences de compacite, de reproductibilite et de performances haut debit requises par les industries des telecommunications, de la defense ou encore du domaine spatial.
Generation of Nonreciprocity of Gapless Spin Waves by Chirality Injection (2021)

In chiral magnets with intrinsic inversion symmetry breaking, it has been known that two spin waves moving in opposite directions can propagate at different velocities, exhibiting a phenomenon called magnetochiral nonreciprocity which allows for realizations of certain spin logic devices such as a spin-wave diode. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that the spin-wave nonreciprocity can occur without intrinsic bulk chirality in certain magnets including easy-cone ferromagnets and easy-cone antiferromagnetic. Specifically, we show that nonlocal injection of a spin current from proximate normal metals to easy-cone magnets engenders a non-equilibrium chiral spin texture, on top of which spin waves exhibit nonreciprocity proportional to the injected spin current. One notable feature of the discovered nonreciprocal spin waves is its gapless nature, which can lead to a large thermal rectification effect at sufficiently low temperatures. We envision that nonlocal electric injection of chirality into otherwise nonchiral magnets may serve as a versatile route to realize electrically controllable magnetochiral phenomena in a wide class of materials.
Characterization in mice of the immunological properties of five allergenic acid anhydrides (2000)

Occupational exposure to certain acid anhydrides, including trimellitic anhydride (TMA), maleic anhydride (MA), phthalic anhydride (PA), hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA), has been associated with the development of respiratory allergy or asthma. There is considerable debate about the mechanisms through which such chemicals may cause respiratory sensitization, particularly concerning a universal requirement for specific IgE antibody. Despite the controversy regarding an obligatory role for IgE, there is a growing consensus that chemical respiratory hypersensitivity is associated with the selective development of T lymphocytes with a type 2 (Th2) phenotype. In the current investigations we have characterized in mice the nature of immune responses provoked by prolonged topical exposure to five acid anhydrides. Under application conditions where similar overall immunogenicity was achieved, we have compared cytokine responses induced by PA, MA, HHPA and MTHPA with those provoked by concurrent exposure to TMA or to the reference contact allergen 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Lymph node cells (LNC) draining the site of topical exposure to DNCB invariably expressed high levels of the type 1 cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), but only low levels of the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). In each experiment, TMA-activated LNC displayed the converse, type 2, phenotype of cytokine production. The other acid anhydrides in each case provoked a type 2 cytokine secretion profile, with comparable IL-10 expression but somewhat less vigorous IL-4 production compared with that observed following exposure to the reference respiratory allergen TMA. In every experiment relatively low levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12 were elaborated by acid anhydride-activated LNC, with the exception of PA-stimulated LNC that displayed increased amounts of IL-12 in comparison with other acid anhydrides. Thus, prolonged topical exposure of mice to five different acid anhydrides in each case resulted in the development of a predominantly Th2-type cytokine secretion phenotype, consistent with the ability of these materials to provoke asthma and respiratory allergy through a type 2 (possibly IgE-mediated) mechanism. Taken together with the results of previous investigations with a wider range of chemical allergens, these data suggest that induced cytokine secretion patterns or 'fingerprints' allow discrimination between contact and respiratory allergens and consequently represent a suitable approach to prospective evaluation of respiratory sensitization hazard.
Assessment of parasympathetic control of heart rate by a noninvasive method (1984)

The degree of parasympathetic control of heart rate was assessed by the abolition of respiratory sinus arrhythmia with atropine. Peak-to-peak variations in heart periods (VHP) before atropine injection correlated significantly (r = 0.90, P less than 0.001) with parasympathetic control, indicating that VHP alone may be used as a noninvasive indicator of the parasympathetic control of heart rate. Pharmacologic blockade of beta-adrenergic supply in a separate group of normal volunteers did not alter the relationship between VHP and parasympathetic control, indicating that the condition of the experiment (complete rest in a quiet atmosphere) allows the use of VHP alone without pharmacologic interventions to characterize the vagal control of heart rate in humans.
A New Nondestructive Test Equipment Based on Image Processing and Magnetic Flux Analysis (2012)

Nondestructive testing (NDT) methods has been increased within recent years depending on the needs of industry, parallel to new technological developments. Many studies have focused on thermal imagining, magnetic flux analysis or both, which are used in order to detect the deformation on surface and under the surface. In this study a new technique is suggested to eliminate the perturbations which are distorting effects of one point cameras in terms of perspective. A new integration is also proposed in this research such as using image recognition with magnetic flux analysis. Taking advantage of this integration and the new approach to image processing, both the surface and the inside of a mechanical product can be tested properly.
Feature Knowledge Based Fault Detection of Induction Motors Through the Analysis of Stator Current Data (2016)

The fault detection of electrical or mechanical anomalies in induction motors has been a challenging problem for researchers over decades to ensure the safety and economic operations of industrial processes. To address this issue, this paper studies the stator current data obtained from inverter-fed laboratory induction motors and investigates the unique signatures of the healthy and faulty motors with the aim of developing knowledge based fault detection method for performing online detection of motor fault problems, such as broken-rotor-bar and bearing faults. Stator current data collected from induction motors were analyzed by leveraging fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the FFT results were further analyzed by the independent component analysis (ICA) method to obtain independent components and signature features that are referred to as FFT-ICA features of stator currents. The resulting FFT-ICA features contain rich information on the signatures of the healthy and faulty motors, which are further analyzed to build a feature knowledge database for online fault detection. Through case studies, this paper demonstrated the high accuracy, simplicity, and robustness of the proposed fault detection scheme for fault detection of induction motors. In addition, with the integration of the feature knowledge database, prior knowledge of the motor parameters, such as rotor speed and per-unit slip, which are needed by the other motor current signature analysis (MCSA) methods, is not required for the proposed method, which makes it more efficient compared with the other MCSA methods.
Characterization of the Thermal Behavior of a Complex Composite (Clutch Facing) Combining Digital Image Stereo Correlation and Numerical Approach (2022)

Car clutch facings are complex fiber-reinforced composites. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composite is one of the main thermal properties, which affects dry clutch engagement process due to heat associated with friction. In the case of clutch facing, which only exists in its final form as a non-planar annular disc, it is difficult to define an elementary representative volume. The objective of this work was to develop a method for identifying the CTE distributions on the entire part. A device allowing measuring the strain fields by digital image correlation (DIC) under homogeneous thermal loading (up to 300 °C) was developed. The experimental results highlight the heterogeneity and the orthotropic nature of the material behavior and the influence of the angle between the fibers on the CTE. To take into account that the measured strain fields are related to the CTE, but also to the shape of the part, different approaches to identify the CTE were considered: direct measurements, classical laminate theory (CLT) and finite element method updating (FEMU). Only the FEMU allows an accurate identification of the CTE distributions. Nevertheless, the CLT respects the orders of magnitude and remains a useful tool for the design of clutches.
Médecines alternatives : XIXe et XXe siècles, deux siècles de relations souvent controversées avec la pharmacie et le médicament (2005)

Alternative medicines continue to grow during these first years of the XXIst century where believes and irrational ideas are popular. Drugs did played and still play a central role for some of them such as homeopathy, radiesthesia, and magnetism, three approaches that are sometime consider as complementary to each others. Pharmacists were related volunterely or not to their history during the XIX and XX centuries, as well as official institutions and political power. The present study shows complexity of these interactions and the role sometime essential the pharmacist had for the recognition of some medical practices.
Rapid extraction of uranium ions from seawater using novel porous polymeric adsorbents (2016)

Nanoporous polymeric networks, are firstly exploited for uranium capture from seawater. Amidoxime PIM-1 is capable of uptake 95% of uranium in 24 h, and the U extraction efficiency is to be intact throughout three cycles of sorbent regeneration.
&lt;p&gt;BRCA Mutations in Pancreas Cancer: Spectrum, Current Management, Challenges and Future Prospects&lt;/p&gt; (2020)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging disease to treat. Despite advances in surgical techniques, radiation, and medical therapies, the 5-year survival rate remains below 9%. Over the past decade, the genomic landscape of PDAC has been well studied and <i>BRCA</i> mutations have emerged as a target for the development of more effective therapies. Alterations in germline <i>BRCA</i> and <i>PALB2</i> are detected in approximately 5-9% of patients with PDAC and can lead to homologous repair deficiency (HRD). PDAC with HRD﻿ is more susceptible to cytotoxic agents, such as platinum salts and topoisomerase inhibitors, that cause DNA damage. Furthermore, PARP inhibitors have emerged as an effective non-cytotoxic approach to treating HRD-PDAC. In addition to <i>BRCA</i> and <i>PALB2</i>, germline mutations in other genes involved in the homologous DNA repair pathway - such as <i>ATM</i> and <i>RAD51</i> - are potential targets, as are patients with the "BRCAness" phenotype and somatic mutations in the DNA repair pathway. Given the clinical implications of germline mutation related HRD in PDAC, universal germline testing is now recommended. In this review, we will discuss current and emerging biomarkers for HRD in PDAC, treatments, and the challenges associated with them.
Influence of boundary conditions on the accuracy of diffusion theory in time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy of biological tissues (2005)

The applicability of diffusion theory for the determination of tissue optical properties from time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy is investigated. Analytical expressions from diffusion theory using the three most commonly assumed boundary conditions at the air-tissue interface are compared with time-resolved Monte Carlo simulations and measurements on tissue phantoms. The effects of the choice of the boundary conditions on the accuracy of the findings for the optical parameters are quantified, and criteria for accurate curve-fitting algorithms are developed.
Down-regulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway Is Involved in Retinoic Acid-induced Phosphorylation, Degradation, and Transcriptional Activity of Retinoic Acid Receptor γ2 (2002)

Nuclear retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) are phosphorylated at conserved serine residues located in their N-terminal domain. Phosphorylation of RARgamma2 at these residues is increased in response to RA subsequently to the activation of p38MAPK. We show here that this RA-induced phosphorylation of RARgamma2 resulted from the down-regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. By overexpressing Akt and by using agents that activated or inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway, we also demonstrated that the RA-induced down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway targeted not only the phosphorylation of RARgamma2 but also the turnover and transcriptional activity of the receptor. Altogether these data indicate that the PI3K/Akt pathway plays an important role in retinoic acid signaling.
Binarization and Localization of Text Images Captured on a Mobile Phone Camera (2006)

This paper proposes and compares four methods of binarizing text images captured using a camera mounted on a cell phone. The advantages and disadvantages (image clarity and computational complexity) of each method over the others are demonstrated through binarized results. The images are of VGA or lower resolution.
Fresnel volume georadar attenuation-difference tomography (2005)

Georadar attenuation-difference tomography is a useful tool for imaging temporal and spatial changes in bulk electrical conductivity due to fluid flow and other subsurface processes. The most common method of attenuation-difference tomography employs the ray approximation where waves are assumed to propagate at infinite frequency. Ray approximation causes significant model error that generates artefacts and loss of resolution in tomographic images. In this paper we propose an efficient method of computing Fresnel volume sensitivities using scattering theory. These sensitivities account for finite frequency propagation and represent the physics of electromagnetic propagation more accurately than ray theory. As expected, Fresnel volume sensitivities provide better data prediction than ray-based sensitivities. We use singular value decomposition analysis to show how and why this physical improvement allows Fresnel volume inversions to recover localized targets and resolve bulk conductivity changes better than ray-based inversions. The model basis functions and singular values corresponding to the scattering theory sensitivity kernel are similar to the exact full-waveform basis functions and singular values. The similarity of the basis functions and singular values suggests that the scattering theory inverse estimates are close to the full-waveform estimates, but they are obtained with a significant decrease in computational effort.
Stylized depiction of images based on depth perception (2010)

Recent works in image editing are opening up new possibilities to manipulate and enhance input images. Within this context, we leverage well-known characteristics of human perception along with a simple depth approximation algorithm to creatively relight images for the purpose of generating non-photorealistic renditions that would be difficult to achieve with existing methods. Our realtime implementation on graphics hardware allows the user to efficiently explore artistic possibilities for each image. We show results produced with four different styles proving the versatility of our approach, and validate our assumptions and simplifications by means of a user study.
Towards undistorted and noise-free speech in an MRI scanner: Correlation subtraction followed by spectral noise gating (2014)

Noise cancellation in an MRI environment is difficult due to the high noise levels that are in the spectral range of human speech. This paper describes a two-step method to cancel MRI noise that combines operations in both the time domain (correlation subtraction) and the frequency domain (spectral noise gating). The resulting filtered recording has a noise power suppression of over 100 dB, a significant improvement over previously described techniques on MRI noise cancellation. The distortion is lower and the noise suppression higher than using spectral noise gating in isolation. Implementation of this method will aid in detailed studies of speech in relation to vocal tract and velopharyngeal function.