gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial potential of Antarctic lichens against human pathogenic Gram‐positive bacteria (2008)

Extracts from five Antarctic lichens (L3, Stereocaulon alpinum; L5, Ramalina terebrata; L6, Caloplaca sp.; L8, Lecanora sp.; and L17, Caloplaca regalis) were tested for antimicrobial activities against several clinically important microbes by disk diffusion. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each extract was determined by a broth dilution method. Extracts from L3, L5, L6 and L8 were active against two Gram(+) strains. B. subtilis was more sensitive to lichen extracts (except L5) than S. aureus. The MIC of lichen extracts against B. subtilis and S. aureus was observed from 36.7 +/- 0.3 to 953.8 +/- 85.8 microg/mL and 68.5 +/- 0.6 to >1000 microg/mL, respectively. Comparisons of MIC values of Antarctic lichen crude extracts to previously published MIC values of some reported lichen metabolites against Gram(+) bacteria indicated that Antarctic lichens might be an enriched source of effective antibacterial agents against clinically relevant Gram(+) species.
Tularemia in a Cat (1990)

1. Conolly K: 1989, First pit bulls, now ferrets. Vet Pract Manage 6:66. 2. Fox JG, Ackerman JI, Taylor N, et al.: 1987, Campylobacter jejuni infection in the ferret: an animal model of human campylobacteriosis. Am J Vet Res 48:85-90. 3. Fox JG, Claps M, Beaucage CM: 1986, Chronic diarrhea associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 189:455-456. 4. Fox JG, Curry C, Leathers CW: 1986, Proliferative colitis in a pet ferret. J Am Vet Med Assoc 189: 1475-1476.
Interpersonal Motives and Supportive Communication (2010)

Abstract This study examined the relationship between individuals' interpersonal communication motives and their self-reported use of social support behaviors. College students (N = 133) completed a questionnaire based on their communication with a friend. Parents (N = 119) completed a questionnaire based on their communication with one of their children. Parents higher in their affection and pleasure motives were more likely to provide emotional and social support. Friends higher in their affection, inclusion, and pleasure motives were more likely to provide emotional support. In both samples, individuals higher in their affection and control motives provided more advice support. Keywords: AdviceEmotional SupportFriendshipInterpersonal MotivesParent-ChildSocial Support Notes Note. Wilks's Λ = .58; F(18, 312) = 3.41, p < .001. Note. Wilks's Λ = .43; F(18, 639) = 12.20, p < .001. *p < .01. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on each measure. Criteria were adopted from Hu and Bentler (Citation1999) and Browne and Cudeck (Citation1993), who suggested that the nonnormed fit index (NFI) and comparative fit index (CFI) should be above .90 to indicate a reasonably good fit and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) should be less than .05 to indicate a good fit or between .05 and .08 to indicate an acceptable fit. The support measure presented a significant chi-square test; degrees of freedom were approximately a 3:1 ratio, χ2(464, N = 252) = 1,424.016, p < .001. The model fit values were as follows: CFI = .76, NFI = .69, and RMSEA = .09, indicating a poor fit to the data. The interpersonal motives measure presented a significant chi-square test; degrees of freedom were approximately a 4:1 ratio, χ2(350, N = 252) = 1,390.22, p < .001. The model fit values were as follows: CFI = .71, NFI = .65, and RMSEA = .10, indicating a poor fit to the data. A closer examination of both the support and interpersonal model estimates indicated that the models could not be improved through item deletion. Previous studies utilizing these measures have not reported CFA findings. The CFA results indicate that, possibly, these measures warrant refinement. Levine (Citation2005; Levine, Hullett, Turner, & Lapinski, Citation2006) argued that all measures in every study should be tested by confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), and that we can learn which measures are generalizable and which measures have problems. Further, one CFA result is not enough to invalidate a measure; but, if future studies fail to confirm the structure via CFAs, scrutiny of the measures would be warranted. Additional informationNotes on contributorsBrandi N. Frisby Brandi N. Frisby (PhD, West Virginia University, 2010) is an assistant professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Kentucky. Matthew M. Martin Matthew M. Martin (PhD, Kent State University, 1992) is a professor in the Department of Communication Studies at West Virginia University.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Rescue Therapy for Postoperative Diastolic Dysfunction and Refractory Chylothorax (2021)

This is the first published case, as far as we know, of a term neonate with refractory chylothorax secondary to diastolic dysfunction in the cardiac postoperative period, where extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used to improve the physiologic derangements, thus allowing resolution of the chylous effusion. The infant was prenatally diagnosed with d-transposition of the great arteries. He was started on prostaglandin infusion and underwent balloon atrial septostomy followed by arterial switch operation. After surgery, he developed anasarca and high-volume chylothorax that did not respond to medical management and fasting. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated severe diastolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. On postoperative day 19, he was placed on veno-arterial (VA) ECMO and had gradual regression of the chylothorax and edema. After 13 days on ECMO support, he was decannulated with small, self-limiting, reaccumulation of chylous effusion. He was discharged home on postoperative day 57, and has since been thriving with no evidence of reaccumulation of the chylous effusion. In summary, VA ECMO support could be considered as a rescue modality for patients with uncontrollable refractory high-volume chylous effusion, after other treatment options have been pursued.
Liquid fixation of endometrial brush cytology ensures a well‐preserved, representative cell sample with frequent tissue correlation (1996)

Endometrium was obtained by brushing 656 hysterectomy specimens with a MedScand cytobrush (Hollywood, FL) in order to evaluate linking an easy-to-use liquid fixative with brush-sampling of the endometrium, and to determine the fixative's operating characteristics when applied to brush-sampling the endometrium. Liquid-fixed brush-samples yielded 4 to 6 slides per case, and any one slide accurately represented the case diagnosis. Tissue fragments were incidentally collected by the brush in 524 cases (79.9%), were least often obtained from senile and weakly proliferative endometria, and were always obtained from high-grade endometrial hyperplasias and carcinomas. With tissue fragments obtained by brush-sampling, the diagnosis matched that of the hysterectomy endometrium. Cytology alone separated benign endometrium from high-grade atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma, showing that clinical decision-making can be based on endometrial brush cytology collected into a liquid fixative. Furthermore, the addition of tissue-fragment histology increased the diagnostic accuracy of the endometrial brushing procedure to 92.5% overall and 100% for high-grade atypical hyperplasias and carcinomas. At this juncture, we advocate endometrial brushing as a sensitive and generally specific case-finding technique; and perhaps as experience teaches us to distinguish low-grade nontypical hyperplasias from purely physiological changes of the endometrium, it may become accepted as a definitive diagnostic method. The advantages of examining a liquid-fixed suspension are that 1) because these preparations are homogeneous from slide to slide, with any one slide affording the same diagnosis as any other slide from the same case, the number of slides examined may be greatly reduced, and 2) tissue fragments can be used to quality-control the cytology diagnosis in the majority of cases, especially in cases of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 1996;14:367–373. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
p16 Inactivation in Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias (PanINs) Arising in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis (2003)

Patients with long-standing chronic pancreatitis are thought to be at increased risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but the mechanism for this increased risk is unknown. Since increasing evidence supports the notion that infiltrating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas arise from pancreatic intraepithelial lesions (PanINs), we sought to determine if patients with chronic pancreatitis harbor PanINs with alterations in tumor suppressor genes that are associated with infiltrating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We identified 122 patients with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and 29 patients with a well-differentiated pancreatic endocrine tumor that underwent pancreatic surgery at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1985 to 1999. PanINs from each resection specimen were identified, graded, counted, and correlated with smoking and alcohol history. The expression patterns of p16 and Smad4 were determined in a subset of PanINs by immunohistochemistry, and the pattern of labeling compared with that seen in PanINs associated with infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the pancreas as identified in prior studies, and to PanINs associated with pancreatic endocrine tumor. Duct lesions were present in 80 of the 122 pancreata with chronic pancreatitis (66%). Of 405 duct lesions identified in the chronic pancreatitis group, 7.6% were reactive changes, 65.5% were PanIN-1A, 18% were PanIN-1B, 7.4% were PanIN-2, and 1.5% were PanIN-3. Within the pancreatic endocrine tumor group, 22 PanINs were identified: 15 PanIN-1A, 4 PanIN-1B, and 3 PanIN-2. There were significantly fewer high-grade PanINs in the pancreata with chronic pancreatitis than in pancreata with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P < 0.0001). Within the chronic pancreatitis group, the 80 patients with PanINs were significantly older than the 42 patients without PanINs (mean age 57.0 +/- 14.1 years vs. 50.9 +/- 14.7 years, P = 0.01). Smoking history was not associated with PanIN prevalence or grade, but patients who reported a history of excessive alcohol consumption had fewer PanINs (25 of 44 harbored PanINs, 57%) than those who did not (54 of 74, 73%, P = 0.07). In the chronic pancreatitis group, 0% of PanIN-1A, 11% of the PanIN-1B, 16% of the PanIN-2, and 40% of the PanIN-3 lesions showed loss of p16 expression, whereas all of the PanINs from patients with an pancreatic endocrine tumor retained p16 expression. All of the PanINs analyzed from patients with chronic pancreatitis retained normal Smad4 expression. We conclude that a significant minority of PanINs arising in patients with chronic pancreatitis show loss of p16 expression. This alteration, common to pancreatic cancer-associated PanINs, may contribute to the predisposition of patients with chronic pancreatitis to develop pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Distributed feature-based modulation classification using wireless sensor networks (2008)

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) is a critical prerequisite for demodulation of communication signals in tactical scenarios. Depending on the number of unknown parameters involved, the complexity of AMC can be prohibitive. Existing maximum-likelihood and feature-based approaches rely on centralized processing. The present paper develops AMC algorithms using spatially distributed sensors, each acquiring relevant features of the received signal. Individual sensors may be unable to extract all relevant features to reach a reliable classification decision. However, the cooperative in-network approach developed enables high classification rates at reduced-overhead, even when features are noisy and/or missing. Simulated tests illustrate the performance of the novel distributed AMC scheme.
A 14mA 2GHz 0.25&#181;m CMOS quadrature demodulator including a low phase noise local oscillator (2001)

A 2GHz quadrature demodulator in 0.25µm CMOS with low phase noise oscillator is presented. The system consumes less than 14mA from 2.5V supply and shows excellent performance: Low phase noise meeting triple band GSM specs, image rejection of more than 40dB, 11dBm mixer ilP3 and 0dBm CP, combined with a low noise figure of 7.2dB (DSB). The low power consumption is a consequence of avoiding any buffer in the quadrature LO generation. However, this requires the VCO frequency to double to 4GHz. An oscillator with a tuned microstrip resonator is proposed to overcome the limitation of integrated spiral inductors.
Natural killer cells: Primary target for hepatitis C virus immune evasion strategies? (2006)

Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection requiring transplantation represents a significant public health problem. The most remarkable feature of hepatitis C virus is the ability to establish chronic infection in the vast majority of cases. Efforts to define clinical correlates of HCV persistence have focused primarily on CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. Until recently, the role of innate immunity in determining the outcome of HCV infection had received relatively little attention. Natural killer (NK) cells are an important antiviral effector population eliminating virus through direct killing and cytokine production. Recent studies highlighting the cross-talk between NK cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells have prompted reevaluation of the important role NK cells play in regulating and maintaining specific immune responses. Like many other viruses, HCV has evolved strategies to evade detection and elimination by NK cells. T cell defects observed in HCV infection may be a consequence of inhibition of NK:DC interactions. We propose a theoretical model for HCV persistence that places the NK cell at the center of HCV immune evasion strategies. While this model is only theoretical, it provides a plausible interpretation of many published observations and a useful working model to test the role of NK cells in HCV persistence. In conclusion, the role of innate immune cells and their regulation of antigen-specific responses by the initial innate response to the virus, in particular NK cells, may prove to be an informative and clinically relevant avenue of investigation.
528 Simulator for Neuro-Endovascular Treatment (2006)

Computer-based simulators for surgical operations provide an effective training environment without danger to patients. A training simulator system for neuro-endovascular treatment we have developed. This paper describes the development of a real-time simulator for navigation of a guide-wire in the treatment. In our system, volume-based models constructed from MR/CT images of a patient's brain are used for the blood vessel modeling. The guide-wire is modeled by straight bar segments linked by virtual coil springs. The principle of stationary potential energy is used in order to identify the equilibrium solutions of the system. We obtained reasonable results in 2-dimensional simulation of the guide-wire navigation for neuro-endovascular treatment.
Un nouveau cristal laser largement accordable le BOYS dopé à l'ytterbium (2002)

Nous avons etudie les performances laser en pompage par diode de puissance d'un nouveau cristal: le Sr 3 Y(BO 3 ) 3 (acronyme: BOYS), dope a l'ytterbium. Son spectre d'emission particulierement large en fait un materiau particulierement prometteur pour la realisation de lasers femtosecondes directement pompes par diode. Ses performances ont ete comparees a celles d'un verre phosphate ainsi qu'a celles du cristal d' Yb:GdCOB dans les memes conditions. Nous demontrons que, tant du point de vue de l'efficacite laser que de la tenue aux fortes puissances, GdCOB et BOYS sont superieurs au verre; le BOYS est de surcroit plus accordable (sur 50 nm), mais son comportement thermique limite a priori son usage a des puissances de pompe moderees.
Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel-Loaded Lipid-Based Nanoparticles Overcome Multidrug Resistance by Inhibiting P-Glycoprotein and Depleting ATP (2020)

To test the ability of nanoparticle (NP) formulations to overcome P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR), several different doxorubicin (Dox) and paclitaxel (PX)-loaded solid lipid NPs were prepared. Dox NPs showed 6-8-fold lower IC50 values in Pgp overexpressing human cancer cells than those of free Dox. The IC50 value of PX NPs was over 9-fold lower than that of Taxol® in P-gp-overexpressing cells. A series of in-vitro cell assays were used including quantitative studies on uptake and efflux, inhibition of calcein acetoxymethylester (Calcein AM) efflux, alteration of ATP levels, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Enhanced uptake and prolonged retention of Dox were observed with NP-based formulations in P-gp-overexpressing cells. Calcein AM and ATP assays confirmed that blank NPs inhibited P-gp and transiently depleted ATP. Intravenous injection of pegylated PX BTM NPs showed marked anticancer efficacy in nude mice bearing resistant NCI/ADR-RES tumors versus all control groups. NPs may be used to both target drug and biological mechanisms to overcome MDR via P-gp inhibition and ATP depletion.
Raman acoustic levitation spectroscopy of red blood cells and Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites (2007)

Methods to probe the molecular structure of living cells are of paramount importance in understanding drug interactions and environmental influences in these complex dynamical systems. The coupling of an acoustic levitation device with a micro-Raman spectrometer provides a direct molecular probe of cellular chemistry in a containerless environment minimizing signal attenuation and eliminating the affects of adhesion to walls and interfaces. We show that the Raman acoustic levitation spectroscopic (RALS) approach can be used to monitor the heme dynamics of a levitated 5 µL suspension of red blood cells and to detect hemozoin in malaria infected cells. The spectra obtained have an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and demonstrate for the first time the utility of the technique as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for minute sample volumes of living animal cells.
Chalcogenide optomemristors for multi-factor neuromorphic computation (2022)

Neuromorphic hardware that emulates biological computations is a key driver of progress in AI. For example, memristive technologies, including chalcogenide-based in-memory computing concepts, have been employed to dramatically accelerate and increase the efficiency of basic neural operations. However, powerful mechanisms such as reinforcement learning and dendritic computation require more advanced device operations involving multiple interacting signals. Here we show that nano-scaled films of chalcogenide semiconductors can perform such multi-factor in-memory computation where their tunable electronic and optical properties are jointly exploited. We demonstrate that ultrathin photoactive cavities of Ge-doped Selenide can emulate synapses with three-factor neo-Hebbian plasticity and dendrites with shunting inhibition. We apply these properties to solve a maze game through on-device reinforcement learning, as well as to provide a single-neuron solution to linearly inseparable XOR implementation.
Highly Adaptable Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Coordination Networks on Metal Surfaces (2012)

The formation of extended two-dimensional metal-organic coordination networks (2D-MOCNs) showing high adaptability to surface step edges and structural defects is revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Rod-like 4,4'-di-(1,4-buta-1,3-diynyl)-benzoic acid (BDBA) and iron atoms assemble into extended 2D-MOCNs on Au(111) and Ag(100) surfaces. Independent from the chosen substrate and its surface symmetry the MOCN grows continuously over multiple surface terraces through mutual in-phase structure adaptation of network domains at step edges as well as on terraces. The adaptability of the MOCNs is mainly ascribed to the high degree of conformational flexibility of the butadiynyl functionality of the ligand. Despite their flexibility, the MOCNs exhibit considerable robustness against annealing at high temperatures. The findings show that mesoscale self-assembled functional architectures with a high degree of substrate error tolerance can be realized with metal coordination networks.
Combustion of Biomass in Fluidized Beds: Problems and Some Solutions Based on Danish Experiences (2003)

This paper summarizes the major problems in firing and co-firing the annual biomass, such as straw, in both lab-scale and full-scale fluidized bed combustors. Two types of problems were studied: operational problems, such as agglomeration, deposition and corrosion; and emission problems, e.g. emissions of NO and SO2. Measurements of deposition and corrosion rate on the heat transfer surfaces, as well as gas phase alkali metal concentrations, were performed in full scale CFB boilers (an 80 MWth and a 20 MWth plant), which have been co-firing coal with straw and other biomass. Severe corrosion and deposition were observed in the superheater located in the loop-seal of the 80 MWth boiler. The boiler load variation has impact on the operation parameters. When the fraction of biomass with a high K-content (&gt;1 wt. %) was higher than 60% on a thermal basis, the boiler suffered from severe agglomeration problems. Lab-scale experiments were carried out for the fundamental understanding of phenomena found in full-scale boilers and for testing possible solutions to the problems. The results showed a strong tendency of agglomeration in fluidized beds during combustion of straw, which normally have a high content of potassium and chlorine. The results indicate that the operational problems may be minimized by a combination of additives, improved boiler design, split of combustion air and detection of agglomeration at an early stage.
Cache Serializability: Reducing Inconsistency in Edge Transactions (2015)

Read-only caches are widely used in cloud infrastructures to reduce access latency and load on backend databases. Operators view coherent caches as impractical at genuinely large scale and many client-facing caches are updated asynchronously with best-effort pipelines. Existing solutions that support cache consistency are inapplicable to this scenario since they require a round trip to the database on every cache transaction. Existing incoherent cache technologies are oblivious to transactional data access, even if the backend database supports transactions. We propose T-Cache, a novel caching policy for read-only transactions in which inconsistency is tolerable (won't cause safety violations) but undesirable (has a cost). T-Cache improves cache consistency despite asynchronous and unreliable communication between the cache and the database. We define cache-serializability, a variant of serializability that is suitable for incoherent caches, and prove that with unbounded resources T-Cache implements this new specification. With limited resources, T-Cache allows the system manager to choose a trade-off between performance and consistency. Our evaluation shows that T-Cache detects many inconsistencies with only nominal overhead. We use synthetic workloads to demonstrate the efficacy of T-Cache when data accesses are clustered and its adaptive reaction to workload changes. With workloads based on the real-world topologies, T-Cache detects 43 -- 70% of the inconsistencies and increases the rate of consistent transactions by 33 -- 58%.
Selection of speaker independent feature for a speaker verification system (2002)

In this paper we propose an optimisation technique to choose a user independent feature subset from the input feature set for a dynamic time-warping (DTW) based text-dependent speaker verification system. The results indicate that with the optimised feature set the verification error rate of the system can be improved.