gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Solar Charging of an Organic–Inorganic, Stable, and Aqueous Alkaline Redox Flow Battery with a Hematite Photoanode (2016)

The intermittent nature of the sunlight and its increasing contribution to electricity generation is fostering the energy storage research. Direct solar charging of an auspicious type of redox flow battery could make solar energy directly and efficiently dispatchable. The first solar aqueous alkaline redox flow battery using low cost and environmentally safe materials is demonstrated. The electrolytes consist of the redox couples ferrocyanide and anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonate in sodium hydroxide solution, yielding a standard cell potential of 0.74 V. Photovoltage enhancement strategies are demonstrated for the ferrocyanide-hematite junction by employing an annealing treatment and growing a layer of a conductive polyaniline polymer on the electrode surface, which decreases electron-hole recombination.
Figure S1 from RNF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway via Ubiquitination of TLE3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNF6 up-regulates in CRC and indicates a poor outcome of CRC patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Towards an accurate and robust method based on fuzzy logic principles for the reconstruction and quantification of large volumes from MR and CT images (2009)

The authors have previously evaluated a new method of volume reconstruction and quantification from MR images, based on fuzzy logic (FL) principles. The technique is evaluated here for larger and more complex structures by investigating its accuracy and robustness using MR and CT images. Four large (50-71 cm(3)) and complex (e.g. mimicking a prostate) structures were created and imaged on MR and CT scanners, both with increasing slice thickness. Contours were delineated to generate 112 volumes. MR and CT images were processed using the FL method and a "classical" method of reconstruction on research software. In addition, the CT images were also processed on commercial virtual simulation software. Calculated volumes were compared with actual volumes. The mean +/- standard deviation of the relative variations in calculated target volume using the FL method was found to be 4.4%+/-2.8%, whereas with the "classical" method it was 23.7%+/-6% from axial MR images and 23.3%+/-9.8% from CT images. With the "classical" method, the relative variations in calculated volumes rise with increasing slice thickness, and the displayed volumes show deformations in the longitudinal direction. With the FL method, the volume calculation is not sensitive to the slice thickness and so the deformations are minimal. When used with MR images, our FL method of volume reconstruction is accurate and robust with respect to changes in slice thickness. For CT images, the results are encouraging but some work is still needed to improve the accuracy of the FL method.
How do antimalarial drugs reach their intracellular targets? (2015)

Drugs represent the primary treatment available for human malaria, as caused by Plasmodium spp. Currently approved drugs and antimalarial drug leads generally work against parasite enzymes or activities within infected erythrocytes. To reach their specific targets, these chemicals must cross at least three membranes beginning with the host cell membrane. Uptake at each membrane may involve partitioning and diffusion through the lipid bilayer or facilitated transport through channels or carriers. Here, we review the features of available antimalarials and examine whether transporters may be required for their uptake. Our computational analysis suggests that most antimalarials have high intrinsic membrane permeability, obviating the need for uptake via transporters; a subset of compounds appear to require facilitated uptake. We also review parasite and host transporters that may contribute to drug uptake. Broad permeability channels at the erythrocyte and parasitophorous vacuolar membranes of infected cells relax permeability constraints on antimalarial drug design; however, this uptake mechanism is prone to acquired resistance as the parasite may alter channel activity to reduce drug uptake. A better understanding of how antimalarial drugs reach their intracellular targets is critical to prioritizing drug leads for antimalarial development and may reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention.
ChemInform Abstract: A β‐Lactam Approach to γ‐Amino β‐Keto Acid Derivatives. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
mTHPC‐mediated photodynamic therapy in patients with advanced, incurable head and neck cancer: a multicenter study of 128 patients (2004)

Patients with advanced cancer of the head and neck, who have exhausted other treatment options, can achieve significant clinical benefit and improvement in quality of life with mTHPC.
Nature-inspired dimerization as a strategy to modulate neuropeptide pharmacology exemplified with vasopressin and oxytocin (2021)

Vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) are cyclic neuropeptides that regulate fundamental physiological functions <i>via</i> four G protein-coupled receptors, V<sub>1a</sub>R, V<sub>1b</sub>R, V<sub>2</sub>R, and OTR. Ligand development remains challenging for these receptors due to complex structure-activity relationships. Here, we investigated dimerization as a strategy for developing ligands with novel pharmacology. We regioselectively synthesised and systematically studied parallel, antiparallel and N- to C-terminal cyclized homo- and heterodimer constructs of VP, OT and dVDAVP (1-deamino-4-valine-8-d-arginine-VP). All disulfide-linked dimers, except for the head-to-tail cyclized constructs, retained nanomolar potency despite the structural implications of dimerization. Our results support a single chain interaction for receptor activation. Dimer orientation had little impact on activity, except for the dVDAVP homodimers, where an antagonist to agonist switch was observed at the V<sub>1a</sub>R. This study provides novel insights into the structural requirements of VP/OT receptor activation and spotlights dimerization as a strategy to modulate pharmacology, a concept also frequently observed in nature.
The INTERSPEECH 2018 Computational Paralinguistics Challenge: Atypical &amp; Self-Assessed Affect, Crying &amp; Heart Beats (2018)

The INTERSPEECH 2018 Computational Paralinguistics Challenge addresses four different problems for the first time in a research competition under well-defined conditions: In the Atypical Affect Sub-Challenge, four basic emotions annotated in the speech of handicapped subjects have to be classified; in the Self-Assessed Affect Sub-Challenge, valence scores given by the speakers themselves are used for a three-class classification problem; in the Crying Sub-Challenge, three types of infant vocalisations have to be told apart; and in the Heart Beats Sub-Challenge, three different types of heart beats have to be determined.We describe the Sub-Challenges, their conditions, and baseline feature extraction and classifiers, which include data-learnt (supervised) feature representations by end-to-end learning, the 'usual' ComParE and BoAW features, and deep unsupervised representation learning using the AUDEEP toolkit for the first time in the challenge series.
Cross-layer congestion control mechanism for SCTP over EGPRS network (2008)

In this paper we propose a cross-layer algorithm between SCTP and RLC/MAC. Our approach proposes an analytical model of SCTP layer bandwidth variations according to EDGE link layer bandwidth changes. Tunable functions are proposed depending on the couple (MCS,BLER). This modeling is based on an effective cross-layer modeling, which adapts the congestion window size evolution to the radio transmission channel state. We introduce a congestion control mechanism modification consisting of restriction to the slow start phase. This cross-layer optimization allows congestion avoidance at transport layer caused by radio interface quality degradations. Our goal, in this study, is to provide a means that gives an optimal interaction model between transport layer (SCTP) and link layer (RLC/MAC EDGE), in order to improve network reliability.
FIB-Based Fatigue Testing of Silicon Nitride Thin Films for Space Applications (2005)

A novel micro-scale electrostatic actuator has been designed and fabricated to study fatigue properties of low-stress LPCVD silicon nitride thin films, which are the structural materials of microshutter arrays to be used in NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). To obtain different stress levels without high applied voltages, the electrostatic actuator was designed based on a resonant technique to achieve mechanical amplification. All fabricated devices were tested inside a focused-ion-beam (FIB) system with pressure of 10−6 torr at room temperature (23 ± 1 °C) and with the test duration ranging from 5 seconds to 8.5 hours, 105 to 109 cycles, respectively. From the experiment, no fatigue failure of low-stress LPCVD silicon nitride thin films has been observed up to 109 testing cycles, four orders of magnitude higher than the expected lifetime of the microshutter arrays. The presented test device and experimental technique can be extended to characterize fatigue properties for other thin film materials.
A Low-Molecular-Weight Translocation Modulator and Its Interaction with a Macromolecular Translocation Inhibitor of the Activated Receptor-Glucocorticoid Complex1 (1980)

When rat liver cytoplasm free of glucocorticoid receptors was dialyzed, its inhibitory effect on nuclear uptake or binding of already "activated" receptor-glucocorticoid complex increased. A macromolecular fraction and a low-molecular-weight fraction separated from the cytoplasm by gel filtration both inhibited nuclear uptake or binding of the activated complex. The macromolecular fraction was much more inhibitory than the low-molecular-weight fraction. When the two components were mixed, their inhibitory effects decreased. These results suggest that, in addition to the macromolecular translocation inhibitor(s) known to be present in rat liver cytoplasm, there is a low-molecular-weight factor(s) which is also involved in the process of translocation of the activated receptor-glucocorticoid complex to the nucleus. The mechanism of action of this modulator is unknown, but its inhibitory effect seems to be due to its direct interaction with the activated receptor-steroid complex.
AutoElastic: Automatic Resource Elasticity for High Performance Applications in the Cloud (2015)

Elasticity is undoubtedly one of the most striking characteristics of cloud computing. Especially in the area of high performance computing (HPC), elasticity can be used to execute irregular and CPU-intensive applications. However, the on- the-fly increase/decrease in resources is more widespread in Web systems, which have their own IaaS-level load balancer. Considering the HPC area, current approaches usually focus on batch jobs or assumptions such as previous knowledge of application phases, source code rewriting or the stop-reconfigure-and-go approach for elasticity. In this context, this article presents AutoElastic, a PaaS-level elasticity model for HPC in the cloud. Its differential approach consists of providing elasticity for high performance applications without user intervention or source code modification. The scientific contributions of AutoElastic are twofold: (i) an Aging-based approach to resource allocation and deallocation actions to avoid unnecessary virtual machine (VM) reconfigurations (thrashing) and (ii) asynchronism in creating and terminating VMs in such a way that the application does not need to wait for completing these procedures. The prototype evaluation using OpenNebula middleware showed performance gains of up to 26 percent in the execution time of an application with the AutoElastic manager. Moreover, we obtained low intrusiveness for AutoElastic when reconfigurations do not occur.
Exploring the pathophysiology of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes: Kisspeptin‐10 stimulates serum testosterone and <scp>LH</scp> secretion in men with type 2 diabetes and mild biochemical hypogonadism (2012)

Kisspeptin-10 administration increased LH pulse frequency and LH secretion in hypotestosteronaemic men with T2DM in this proof-of-concept study, with associated increases in serum testosterone. These data suggest a potential novel therapeutic role for kisspeptin agonists in enhancing endogenous testosterone secretion in men with T2DM and central hypogonadism.
New 10V to 1V level shifter based on new N/PMOS high voltage in FDSOI technology (2021)

The main purpose of this study is to introduce a new way to build a high voltage (HV) level shifter based on new HV N/P MOS transistors. The approach is to develop and to characterize dual HV MOS devices in thin silicon film on the 28 nm UTBB FDSOI technology . Afterwards, a basic level shifter design allows to translate 10V on input signal to 1V on the output signal for a direct application in the standard thin oxide MOS device(s). The HV N/P MOS devices and the level shifter characterizations demonstrate that this new concept provides an easy and efficient solution to design at layout level this kind of devices or IP block with the standard process. Thus, this solution is without process extra cost and it is an adaptative design solution for dedicated applications.
Analysis of sexual assault evidence by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2013)

Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is employed in the forensic analysis of chemical components present in condoms and imaging of latent fingerprints as circumstantial evidence of sexual assault. Polymers such as nonoxynol-9, polyethylene glycol, and polydimethylsiloxane, as well as small molecules additives such as N-methylmorpholine, N-octylamine, N,N-dibutyl formamide, and isonox 132, commonly used in lubricated condom formulations, were successfully characterized by DESI. The results suggest that DESI-MS is useful for identification of this type of evidence, and it has advantages over conventional extractive techniques, in terms of speed of analysis and ease of use.
ChemInform Abstract: Organized Chaos: Entropy in Hybrid Inorganic—Organic Systems and Other Materials (2016)

Abstract Review: 116 refs.
IL-5-producing CD4+ T cells and eosinophils cooperate to enhance response to immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer (2022)

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has heralded a new era in cancer therapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying response to ICB has predominantly focused on T cells; however, effective immune responses require tightly regulated crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we combine unbiased analysis of blood and tumors from metastatic breast cancer patients treated with ICB with mechanistic studies in mouse models of breast cancer. We observe an increase in systemic and intratumoral eosinophils in patients and mice responding to ICB treatment. Mechanistically, ICB increased IL-5 production by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, stimulating elevated eosinophil production from the bone marrow, leading to systemic eosinophil expansion. Additional induction of IL-33 by ICB-cisplatin combination or recombinant IL-33 promotes intratumoral eosinophil infiltration and eosinophil-dependent CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation to enhance ICB response. This work demonstrates the critical role of eosinophils in ICB response and provides proof-of-principle for eosinophil engagement to enhance ICB efficacy.
Thermal Performance of a 2000.DEG.C. Class Cored-Brick Bed High-Temperature Heat Exchanger. (1996)

Thermal performance of a 2000°C class regenerative heat exchanger having a heat storage bed of cored bricks has been experimentally demonstrated. Heating and cooling switching operations of this heat exchanger have been done employing natural gas fired combustion gas as heating gas and air as cooling gas, which shows technical feasibility of continuous operation of the heat exchanger at temperatures above 2000°C. A two-dimensional heat transfer model explains well the experimentally obtained thermal behavior of the heat exchanger.
Allosteric mechanism of signal transduction in the two-component system histidine kinase PhoQ (2021)

Abstract Transmembrane signaling proteins couple extracytosolic sensors to cytosolic effectors. Here, we examine how binding of Mg 2+ to the sensor domain of an E. coli two component histidine kinase (HK), PhoQ, modulates its cytoplasmic kinase domain. We use cysteine-crosslinking and reporter-gene assays to simultaneously and independently probe the signaling state of PhoQ’s sensor and autokinase domains in a set of over 30 mutants. Strikingly, conservative single-site mutants distant from the sensor or catalytic site strongly influence PhoQ’s ligand-sensitivity as well as the magnitude and direction of the signal, endowing diverse signaling characteristics without need for epistasis. Data from 35 mutants are explained by a semi-empirical 3-domain model in which the sensor, intervening HAMP, and catalytic domains can adopt kinase-promoting or inhibiting conformations, that are in allosteric communication. The catalytic and sensor domains intrinsically favor a constitutively ‘kinase-on’ conformation, while the HAMP favors the ‘off’ state; when coupled, they create a bistable system responsive to physiological [Mg 2+ ]. Mutants alter signaling by locally modulating these intrinsic equilibrium constants and couplings. Our model suggests signals transmit via interdomain allostery rather than propagation of a single concerted conformational change, explaining the diversity of signaling structural transitions observed in individual HK domains.
Catalyst-Free, Electrolytic Synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrogen and Water By Plasma-Produced Solvated Electrons (2018)

Ammonia which is a precursor to fertilizers and food and is one of the most important chemicals in the world is currently synthesized on a large scale by the Haber-Bosch (H-B) process. Recent research has been aimed at developing alternative approaches to synthesizing ammonia to address several issues associated with the H-B process: 1) the very high pressures and high temperatures which lead to enormous capitals costs, 2) the need for hydrogen gas which comes from steam-methane reforming and contributes to high energy costs and environmental impact through greenhouse gas emissions, and 3) the incompatibility with renewable sources of energy that could lower energy costs and environmental impact while also offering more localized, point-of-use sources of ammonia. Here, we report a hybrid electrochemical system to produce ammonia where one of the metal electrodes is replaced by a plasma (gas discharge). Similar to more typical electrochemical systems, ammonia synthesis is carried out at ambient conditions and only requires electricity. However, the interaction of a plasma and water leads to the formation of solvated electrons, one of the strongest reducing agents known with a reduction potential of ~-2.8 V. Production rates and selectivity (i.e. charge-transfer efficiency) were determined as a function of various process parameters including current, time, and electrolyte composition. We will also discuss a potential reaction mechanism based on the observed results.
Nondestructive compositional depth profiling using variable‐kinetic energy hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and maximum entropy regularization (2014)

We discuss the calculation of nondestructive compositional depth profiles from regularization of variable kinetic energy hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VKE‐XPS) data, adapting techniques developed for angle‐resolved XPS. Simulated TiO 2 /Si film structures are analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of regularization techniques to the VKE‐XPS data and to determine the optimum choice of regularization function and the number of data points. We find that using a maximum entropy‐like method, when the initial model/prior thickness is similar to the simulated film thickness, provides the best results for cases where prior knowledge of the sample exists. For the simple structures analyzed, we find that only five kinetic energy spectra are necessary to provide a good fit to the data, although in general, the number of spectra will depend on the sample structure and noisiness of the data. The maximum entropy‐like algorithm is then applied to two physical films of TiO 2 deposited on Si. Results suggest interfacial intermixing. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Isotope-shift experiments on luminescence attributed to (Fe,B) pairs in silicon (1983)

We present experimental results of isotope-shift experiments on luminescence features observed in silicon that have been attributed to (Fe,B) pairs. No change in phonon energy or shift in line positions is observed to at least 0.02 meV. This contradicts the expected change in phonon energy of 0.17 meV for an interstitial Fe impurity.
Cyanoesterification of 1,2‐Dienes: Synthesis and Transformations of Highly Functionalized α‐Cyanomethylacrylate Esters. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Link-Template HTTP Header Field (2024)

This specification defines the Link-Template HTTP header field,
providing a means for describing the structure of a link between two
resources, so that new links can be generated. Note to Readers The
issues list can be found at https://github.com/mnot/I-D/labels/ link-
template . The most recent (often, unpublished) draft is at
https://mnot.github.io/I-D/link-template/ . Recent changes are listed
at https://github.com/mnot/I-D/commits/gh- pages/link-template .
Errors-in-Variables Estimation in Multivariate Calibration (1991)

A set of q responses, y = (y 1, y 2, …, y q,) T , is related to a set of p explanatory variables, x = (x 1, x 2, …, x p ) T , through the classical linear regression model, y T = a T + x T B + e T . First, the unknown parameters a and B are estimated using a calibrafion set. The statistical problem that is considered here is that of estimating the vector x o, that underlies a new observed vector of responses y o using the parameter estimates obtained from the first procedure. These two procedures are commonly referred to as calibration and prediction (or inverse prediction) and sometimes jointly referred to as calibration. The prediction procedure can be viewed as parameter estimation in errors-in-variables regression. The maximum likelihood estimator (assuming normally distributed measurement errors) is proposed for the prediction procedure. Unlike the classical estimator used in the prediction procedure, the proposed estimator is consistent with respect to the number of response variables. The performances of the maximum likelihood estimator and the classical estimator are compared both analytically and via Monte Carlo simulations. An example is given from infrared spectroscopy.
Low threshold current operation of 1.3 μm BH laser diodes with self-defined AlInAs-oxide current-confinement layer (2002)

A self-defined oxide-aperture structure combined with a buried heterostructure (BH) fabricated by simple process is strongly required from the viewpoint of low threshold current, mode control, run-to-run reproducibility, and in-plane uniformity of laser characteristics. A novel structure of 1.3 /spl mu/m BH laser diodes with a self-defined AlInAs-oxide current-blocking layer is proposed and successfully demonstrated. The oxidation of AlInAs was automatically stopped near the active layer buried in InP. This resulted in the lowest threshold current operation ever reported in oxide-confined long wavelength laser diodes, to our best knowledge.