gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Process and yield enhancements for epitaxially grown mercuric iodide crystals (2010)

Mercuric iodide single crystals have been used successfully as gamma radiation detectors for many years. Recently a different growth method called `seeded homoepitaxy' has been studied. This method has the advantage of growing detector-sized volumes with a thickness of about 10mm in a highly accelerated timeframe. The electronic transport properties of a mercuric iodide detector have been shown to depend primarily upon two factors. The first is material quality, which is predominantly determined by the levels of organic and inorganic impurities and the compound stoichiometry. The second is the integrity of the crystalline structure (type and density of defects), which depends mostly upon the thermal growth profile, conditions inside the growth chamber, and seed preparation. Recent improvements made to the epitaxial process have resulted in a detector performance for both planar and pixelated devices that rivals that of traditional ampoule-grown crystals. This increases the usefulness of devices in field applications. Changes in the seed attachment and preparation methods have been successful at reducing crystalline defects by about 90%. This has been substantiated using a method of measuring and recording defect density that combines laser backscatter with digital photography. Improvements in the mercuric iodide growth process, bulk material impurity reduction, and the laser backscatter digital photography will be described and the results discussed.
Data sharing: A new editorial initiative of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Implications for the Editors´ Network (2017)

The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) provides recommendations to improve the editorial standards and scientific quality of biomedical journals. These recommendations range from uniform technical requirements to more complex and elusive editorial issues including ethical aspects of the scientific process. Recently, registration of clinical trials, conflicts of interest disclosure, and new criteria for authorship – emphasising the importance of responsibility and accountability – have been proposed. Last year, a new editorial initiative to foster sharing of clinical trial data was launched. This review discusses this novel initiative with the aim of increasing awareness among readers, investigators, authors and editors belonging to the Editors´ Network of the European Society of Cardiology.
Supplementary Figure S6 from CYP27A1 Loss Dysregulates Cholesterol Homeostasis in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Inhibition/downregulation of SREBP2/LDLR axis inhibits PC cell growth&lt;/p&gt;
An on-die digital aging monitor against HCI and xBTI in 16 nm Fin-FET bulk CMOS technology (2015)

We propose an on-die aging monitor based on ring-oscillator (RO) which measures bias-temperature-instabilities (BTI) and AC hot-carrier-infection (HCI). The monitor consists of a symmetric RO (SRO) and an asymmetric RO (ASRO). The effect of NBTI and PBTI can be separated by focusing on the difference in sensitivity observed in SRO and ASRO under DC stress condition. In addition, the speed degradation caused by AC-HCI is monitored because unbalanced delay with long/short transition in ASRO has high sensitivity against AC-HCI under AC stress. A test chip including both SRO and ASRO using 2NAND standard cells is implemented in a 16 nm Fin-FET bulk CMOS technology. We observe that Vth shift due to PBTI measured from frequency degradation is 2 mV, which is still 1/10 of NBTI in Fin-FET technology. The measured AC-HCI shows almost half percentage of all aging factors. The aging monitor optimizes the design guard band (GB) in design phase and enables dependable system in high performance application LSIs.
Effect of Fiber Content on Void Morphology in Resin Transfer Molded E-Glass/Epoxy (2010)

Effect of ﬁber volume fraction on occurrence, morphology, and spatial distribution ofmicrovoids in resin transfer molded E-glass/epoxy composites is investigated. Three disk-shaped center-gated composite parts containing 8, 12, and 16 layers of randomly-oriented, E-glass ﬁber perform are molded, yielding 13.5%, 20.5%, and 27.5% ﬁbervolume fractions. Voids are evaluated by microscopic image analysis of the samplesobtained along the radius of these disk-shaped composites. The number of voids is foundto decrease moderately with increasing ﬁber content. Void areal density decreased from10.5 voids
Design of a magnetic-tunnel-junction-oriented nonvolatile lookup table circuit with write-operation-minimized data shifting (2018)

A magnetic-tunnel-junction (MTJ)-oriented nonvolatile lookup table (LUT) circuit, in which a low-power data-shift function is performed by minimizing the number of write operations in MTJ devices is proposed. The permutation of the configuration memory cell for read/write access is performed as opposed to conventional direct data shifting to minimize the number of write operations, which results in significant write energy savings in the data-shift function. Moreover, the hardware cost of the proposed LUT circuit is small since the selector is shared between read access and write access. In fact, the power consumption in the data-shift function and the transistor count are reduced by 82 and 52%, respectively, compared with those in a conventional static random-access memory-based implementation using a 90 nm CMOS technology.
Neural Human Video Rendering by Learning Dynamic Textures and Rendering-to-Video Translation (2020)

Synthesizing realistic videos of humans using neural networks has been a popular alternative to the conventional graphics-based rendering pipeline due to its high efficiency. Existing works typically formulate this as an image-to-image translation problem in 2D screen space, which leads to artifacts such as over-smoothing, missing body parts, and temporal instability of fine-scale detail, such as pose-dependent wrinkles in the clothing. In this paper, we propose a novel human video synthesis method that approaches these limiting factors by explicitly disentangling the learning of time-coherent fine-scale details from the embedding of the human in 2D screen space. More specifically, our method relies on the combination of two convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Given the pose information, the first CNN predicts a dynamic texture map that contains time-coherent high-frequency details, and the second CNN conditions the generation of the final video on the temporally coherent output of the first CNN. We demonstrate several applications of our approach, such as human reenactment and novel view synthesis from monocular video, where we show significant improvement over the state of the art both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (Jmjd6) is required for angiogenic sprouting and regulates splicing of VEGF-receptor 1 (2011)

JmjC domain-containing proteins play a crucial role in the control of gene expression by acting as protein hydroxylases or demethylases, thereby controlling histone methylation or splicing. Here, we demonstrate that silencing of Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (Jmjd6) impairs angiogenic functions of endothelial cells by changing the gene expression and modulating the splicing of the VEGF-receptor 1 (Flt1). Reduction of Jmjd6 expression altered splicing of Flt1 and increased the levels of the soluble form of Flt1, which binds to VEGF and placental growth factor (PlGF) and thereby inhibits angiogenesis. Saturating VEGF or PlGF or neutralizing antibodies directed against soluble Flt1 rescued the angiogenic defects induced by Jmjd6 silencing. Jmjd6 interacts with the splicing factors U2AF65 that binds to Flt1 mRNA. In conclusion, Jmjd6 regulates the splicing of Flt1, thereby controlling angiogenic sprouting.
Epidemiologische Untersuchung zur Erkennung der präklinischen Phase des Typ-I-Diabetes bei Schulkindern<sup>*</sup> (2008)

Sera of 4208 schoolchildren in Ulm and surrounding areas (1916 boys, 2292 girls; mean age 13.9 [7-21] years) were analysed for the presence of cytoplasmatic islet-cell antibodies (ICA). ICA were demonstrated in 44 children (1.05%). Complement-fixing ICA (CF-ICA) were found in six of them, insulin autoantibodies (IAA) in seven. The early phase of insulin response in the intravenous glucose tolerance test was below the 1st percentile of normal controls in two of the ICA-positive children. In the course of the subsequent 6-9 months the ICA disappeared in half of the previously positive children. In the two with abnormal glucose tolerance tests ICA, CF-ICA and abnormal insulin secretion persisted during the observation period of 9 months. In another CF-ICA-positive schoolchild insulin response to the glucose tolerance test fell below the 1st percentile after 6 months. These results indicate that, even in an unselected group of children, persisting ICA and CF-ICA are high-risk markers for abnormal insulin secretion, which precedes the onset of type I diabetes.
A Semi-analytical Solution of Wave-Controlled Impact on Composite Laminates (2008)

Based on the structural model for wave-controlled impact, a modified Hertzian contact law was used to investigate impact responses of composite laminates. The original nonlinear governing equation was transformed into two linear equations using the method of asymptotic expansion. Closed-form solution can be derived for the first linear homogeneous equation, which is the equation of motion for single degree of freedom system with viscous damping. The second linear non-homogeneous equation was solved numerically. The overall impact responses for wave-controlled impacts can be obtained semi-analytically and agree well with the numerical solutions of nonlinear governing equations. The proposed methodology is useful for providing guidance to numerical simulation of impact on complex composite structures with contact laws fitting from experimental data.
Adaptive measurement selection for progressive damage estimation (2011)

Noise and interference in sensor measurements degrade the quality of data and have a negative impact on the performance of structural damage diagnosis systems. In this paper, a novel adaptive measurement screening approach is presented to automatically select the most informative measurements and use them intelligently for structural damage estimation. The method is implemented efficiently in a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) setting using particle filtering. The noise suppression and improved damage estimation capability of the proposed method is demonstrated by an application to the problem of estimating progressive fatigue damage in an aluminum compact-tension (CT) sample using noisy PZT sensor measurements.
Analysis of Endotoxin Residues on Cleaned Implant Materials (2008)

Abstract In this study we have investigated the effect of bacteria-containing metal working fluids on the biological residues, which may be found on orthopedic implants. Thus, test coupons and unfinished implants made from commercial pure titanium and titanium aluminum niob were immersed in metal-working fluids containing Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes bacteria. Subsequently, these samples were cleaned by means of a multi-tank industrial cleaning scheme, which is commonly used in the medical device industry. The samples were then analyzed with a rapid screening test for bacteria, a Ps. pseudoalcaligenes, specifically, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for DNA detection and the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate gel clot test for endotoxins. None of the test pieces showed any biological residues after the cleaning process. There is no increased risk regarding biological residues for metallic implants that were in contact with bacteria containing metal-working fluids if the devices are properly cleaned. A higher risk for biological contamination would more likely arise from any processes after the final cleaning, i.e., from handling, environmental factors, or packaging of the materials.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CRYSTAL ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF SOME HEXACHLOROIRIDATE(IV) SALTS (1975)

Abstract Die Absorptionsspektren der Einkristalle einiger Hexachloroiridat(IV)‐Salze sowie die Absorptionsspektren von mit IrCl 2‐ dotierten Hexachlorostannat(IV)‐ und Hexachloroplatinat(IV)‐Salzen werden gemessen.
Revisiting immune escape in colorectal cancer in the era of immunotherapy (2019)

In colorectal cancer (CRC), T-cell checkpoint blockade is only effective in patients diagnosed with mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-d) cancers. However, defects in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I expression were reported to occur in most MMR-d CRCs, which would preclude antigen presentation in these tumours, considered essential for the clinical activity of this immunotherapeutic modality. We revisited this paradox by characterising HLA class I expression in two independent cohorts of CRC. We determined that loss of HLA class I expression occurred in the majority (73-78%) of MMR-d cases. This phenotype was rare in CRC liver metastases, irrespective of MMR status, whereas weak, inducible expression of HLA class I molecules was frequent in liver lesions. We propose that HLA class I is an important determinant of metastatic homing in CRCs. This observation is paramount to understand CRC carcinogenesis and for the application of immunotherapies in the metastatic setting.
Compact resonant 2 × 2 crossbar switch using three coupled waveguides with a central nanobeam (2021)

This theoretical simulation paper presents designs and projected performance of ∼1550-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and ∼2000-nm Ge-on-Si-on-nitride and Ge-on-nitride 2×2 optical crossbar switches based upon a three-waveguide coupler in which the central waveguide is a nanobeam actuated by the thermo-optical (TO) effect. A TO heater stripe is located atop the central nanobeam. To implement accurate and realistic designs, the 3D finite difference time domain approach was employed. The metrics of crossbar switching, insertion loss (IL) and crosstalk (CT) were evaluated for choices of 3-waveguide structure parameters and TO-induced index changes. The predicted ILs and CTs were excellent, enabling the designed devices to be considered as fundamental building blocks in wavelength-division-multiplexed cross-connect (WXC) applications. Proposed here are compact, nonblocking space-and-wavelength routing switches to be constructed in a monolithic, industry-standard SOI chip (and in Ge-on-SON and GON chips). Specifics are given for realizing 16 × 16 × Mλ WXCs as well as reconfigurable, multi-resonant, programmable hexagonal and diamond meshes.
Sparsity Based Non-Contact Vital Signs Monitoring of Multiple People Via FMCW Radar (2022)

Non-contact technology for monitoring multiple people's vital signs, such as respiration and heartbeat, has been investigated in recent years due to the rising cardiopulmonary morbidity, the risk of transmitting diseases, and the heavy burden on the medical staff. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars have shown great promise in meeting these needs. However, contemporary techniques for non-contact vital signs monitoring (NCVSM) via FMCW radars, are based on simplistic models, and present difficulties coping with noisy environments containing multiple objects. In this work, we develop an extended model of FMCW radar signals in a noisy setting containing multiple people and clutter. By utilizing the sparse nature of the modeled signals in conjunction with human-typical cardiopulmonary features, we can accurately localize humans and reliably monitor their vital signs, using only a single channel and a single-input-single-output setup. To this end, we first show that spatial sparsity allows for both accurate detection of multiple people and computationally efficient extraction of their Doppler samples, using a joint sparse recovery approach. Given the extracted samples, we develop a method named Vital Signs based Dictionary Recovery (VSDR), which uses a dictionary-based approach to search for the desired rates of respiration and heartbeat over high-resolution grids corresponding to normal cardiopulmonary activity. The advantages of the proposed method are illustrated through examples that combine the proposed model with real data of $30$ monitored individuals. We demonstrate accurate human localization in a clutter-rich scenario that includes both static and vibrating objects, and show that our VSDR approach outperforms existing techniques, based on several statistical metrics. The findings support the widespread use of FMCW radars with the proposed algorithms in healthcare.
Extrusion without a motor: a new take on the loop extrusion model of genome organization (2018)

Chromatin loop extrusion is a popular model for the formation of CTCF loops and topological domains. Recent HiC data have revealed a strong bias in favour of a particular arrangement of the CTCF binding motifs that stabilize loops, and extrusion is the only model to date which can explain this. However, the model requires a motor to generate the loops, and although cohesin is a strong candidate for the extruding factor, a suitable motor protein (or a motor activity in cohesin itself) has yet to be found. Here we explore a new hypothesis: that there is no motor, and thermal motion within the nucleus drives extrusion. Using theoretical modelling and computer simulations we ask whether such diffusive extrusion could feasibly generate loops. Our simulations uncover an interesting ratchet effect (where an osmotic pressure promotes loop growth), and suggest, by comparison to recent in vitro and in vivo measurements, that diffusive extrusion can in principle generate loops of the size observed in the data. Extra View on : C. A. Brackley, J. Johnson, D. Michieletto, A. N. Morozov, M. Nicodemi, P. R. Cook, and D. Marenduzzo "Non-equilibrium chromosome looping via molecular slip-links", Physical Review Letters 119 138101 (2017).
Remote Sensing Using an Airborne Biosensor (1998)

There is no current method for remote identification of aerosolized bacteria. In particular, such a capability is required to warn of a biological warfare attack prior to human exposure. A fiber optic biosensor, capable of running four simultaneous immunoassays, was integrated with an automated fluidics unit, a cyclone-type air sampler, a radio transceiver, and batteries on a small, remotely piloted airplane capable of carrying a 4.5-kg payload. The biosensor system was able to collect aerosolized bacteria in flight, identify them, and transmit the data to the operator on the ground. The results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating a biosensor into a portable, remotely operated system for environmental analysis.
The Coupling of Operational Safety and INFOSEC Assessments&lt;sup&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes an approach to integrating security and safety analysis of an Air Traffic Service (ATS) using the security assessment as an additional input to the risk management process. This approach helps address potential problems in coordinating safety and security requirements such as: different system models used for safety and security; different documentation structures for the analyses and their results; and the practice of isolating safety and security requirements processes. What motivates this approach is the overlap between security and safety considerations in the identification of hazards and associated risk management strategies.&lt;/div&gt;
Array-Beamspace Mapping for Planar Two-Dimensional Beam-Forming (2023)

As sixth-generation (6G) communication systems manifest at carrier frequencies well into the millimeter-wave (mmW) spectrum, the ability of conventional digital beamforming techniques to handle the beam-bandwidth product is increasingly stressed. Microwave photonic beamforming has been presented as a solution to this problem by up-converting a sampled RF field distribution to an optical carrier for analog beam-space processing, but to date has relied upon fiber arrays with the same dimensionality as the RF array, i.e., a two-dimensional RF array requires a two-dimensional fiber array and a three-dimensional optical processor to perform the Fourier transform required for two-dimensional beamforming. To address this problem, we present an approach to photonic mmW beamforming wherein two-dimensional phase information is preserved through a one-dimensional Fourier transform leveraging grating lobes in the array response. This approach carries several benefits, primarily as an enabler for leveraging photonic integrated circuits for RF-photonic beamforming, carrying with it a footprint reduction of more than ten thousand times. Furthermore, beamforming efficiency is increased for sources near the limits of the RF field-of-view; improvements to throughput power in such cases are as much as double. Theory, simulations, and experimental results in the form of images and videos are presented to validate the approach for a nineteen-element hexagonally-distributed phased array.
Convergence of scaffold-guided bone regeneration principles and microvascular tissue transfer surgery (2023)

A preclinical evaluation using a regenerative medicine methodology comprising an additively manufactured medical-grade ε-polycaprolactone β-tricalcium phosphate (mPCL-TCP) scaffold with a corticoperiosteal flap was undertaken in eight sheep with a tibial critical-size segmental bone defect (9.5 cm<sup>3</sup>, M size) using the regenerative matching axial vascularization (RMAV) approach. Biomechanical, radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed functional bone regeneration comparable to a clinical gold standard control (autologous bone graft) and was superior to a scaffold control group (mPCL-TCP only). Affirmative bone regeneration results from a pilot study using an XL size defect volume (19 cm<sup>3</sup>) subsequently supported clinical translation. A 27-year-old adult male underwent reconstruction of a 36-cm near-total intercalary tibial defect secondary to osteomyelitis using the RMAV approach. Robust bone regeneration led to complete independent weight bearing within 24 months. This article demonstrates the widely advocated and seldomly accomplished concept of "bench-to-bedside" research and has weighty implications for reconstructive surgery and regenerative medicine more generally.
Bringing It Together with RNA (2011)

Synthetic RNA nanostructures can direct biochemical pathways in cells.
Electrical breakdown strength enhancement in aluminum scandium nitride through a compositionally modulated periodic multilayer structure (2021)

In this study, we report the effects of a multilayer architecture on the electrical breakdown strengths and ferroelectric characteristics of 45 nm thick aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) films. Multilayered films (three-layer, five-layer, and seven-layer) are deposited via sequential deposition of Al0.72Sc0.28N and Al0.64Sc0.36N while maintaining constant volume ratios in all three samples. The effect of the increased number of interfaces is compared to 45 nm single layer Al0.72Sc0.28N and single layer Al0.64Sc0.36N films. The Weibull analysis shows an increase in the characteristic breakdown field from 5.99 and 5.86 MV/cm for single layer Al0.72Sc0.28N and Al0.64Sc0.36N to as high as 7.20 MV/cm in the seven-layered sample. The breakdown field to coercive field (EBD/Ec) ratios also increase from 1.37 and 1.26 in single layer Al0.72Sc0.28N and Al0.64Sc0.36N to up to 1.44 in the seven-layered sample with no significant change in remanent polarization. The enhancement of the characteristic breakdown field can be understood as the propagation of the electrical tree being deflected by multilayer interfaces and/or being slowed by the relative compressive stress in the alternating layers.