gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equine trypsin: purification and developmentof a radio-immunoassay (2003)

Shock is accompanied by generalised splanchnic hypoperfusion, and splanchnic organs like the pancreas can be damaged, as shown in animal experimental models and in humans, by the presence of high plasma concentrations of trypsin and other pancreatic enzymes. In order to design a radioimmunoassay technique (RIA) for the measurement of equine trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) in biological fluids, trypsin was purified (with purity > or = 96%) from the equine pancreas by extraction in an acid medium, ammonium sulfate precipitations, gel filtration chromatography and, after activation of trypsinogen into trypsin, affinity chromatography. Gel polyacrylamide electrophoresis showed a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 27 kDa. The purified equine trypsin served for the immunisation of rabbits in order to obtain a specific antiserum, and the labelled antigen was prepared by iodination of equine trypsin with 125I. The RIA was based on the binding of the antigen to the antibody followed by the separation of the antigen-antibody complex by immunoprecipitation in the presence of sheep anti-rabbit gammaglobulins and the assay of the radioactivity in the precipitate. The RIA showed good sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy and reproducibility. The reference mean value of TLI in the plasma of healthy horses (n = 20) was 30.01+/-6.84 ng/mL (upper confidence limit 50.52 ng/mL; p < 0.01). Three horses with non strangulating intestinal obstruction without shock showed TLI values within normal limits whereas 5 of 7 horses with strangulation obstruction showed TLI levels above the upper confidence limit. Further studies using the RIA and the enzymatic assay should be performed in order to confirm the role of the pancreas in equine intestinal obstruction.
Establishment of normative values for the fetal posterior fossa by magnetic resonance imaging (2018)

The superior posterior fossa angle, a novel measurement, and the posterior fossa perimeter can be used for establishing the expected size of the posterior fossa in second- and third-trimester fetuses by MRI.
Improving a trotting robot's gait by adapting foot trajectory offsets (2001)

This paper presents a method to adapt the foot reference trajectory offsets in order to improvea specific trotting gait. The trot gait used, is expected to have each leg on ground the sameamount of ...
Visibility guided phase contrast denoising (2019)

Talbot-Lau grating interferometry enables the use of clinical x-ray tubes for phase contrast imaging, greatly broadening its utility for both laboratory and preclinical applications. However, phase contrast measurements made in porous or highly heterogeneous media are negatively impacted by low visibility, the interferometer signal amplitude used to calculate relative phase shifts. While this loss in visibility is the source of dark field contrast it presents an additional source of noise in phase images. In this work, we develop a method to use normalized visibility images as the weighting matrix for denoising the corresponding phase contrast images. By using the visibility to guide filtering, the resulting denoised images are locally smoothed in regions of low visibility while maintaining spatial detail in regions of high visibility. This work demonstrates how the complementary properties of the dark field signal in grating interferometry can be leveraged to improve image quality in phase contrast images and presents an application in preclinical lung micro-CT.
Learning Optimization-based Control Policies Directly from Digital Twin Simulations (2022)

This paper proposes to use a digital twin of a dynamical system directly for optimization-based control. It proposes an algorithm based on an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) to solve optimization-based control problems, where the system dynamics is encoded in the digital twin. The UKF-based algorithm uses simulations of a digital twin directly to optimize the control policy and does not require gradients to be computed―making it suitable for differential-algebraic constraints, where gradients may be inaccessible. The proposed UKF-based algorithm does not require explicit knowledge of the internal model of the digital twin, nor the control map; that is, it is a purely simulation data-driven approach. The main advantage is that a high-precision simulation-oriented digital twin can approximate the physical dynamical system more accurately than an analytical control-oriented model and thus, can improve the performance of the controller. The digital twin-based optimal control approach is evaluated on two case studies. First, a pendulum on a cart is optimized to swing up and stabilize. Second, a crane controller is optimized to avoid oscillations of the load.
Multi-view face alignment using direct appearance models (2003)

Alignment makes face distribution statistically more compact than un-aligned faces and provides a good basis for face modeling, recognition and synthesis. In this paper we present a method for multi-view face alignment using a new model called direct appearance model (DAM). Like active appearance model (AAM), DAM also makes use of both shape and texture constraints; however it does this without combining shape and texture as in AAM. The way that DAM models shapes and textures has the following advantages as compared to AAM: (1) DAM subspaces include admissible appearances previously unseen in AAM, (2) the convergence and accuracy are improved, and (3) the memory requirement is cut down to a large extent. Extensive experiments are presented to evaluate the DAM alignment in comparison with AAM.
Risk Optimization for Revenue-Driven Wireless Video Broadcasting Systems: A Copula-Based Framework (2020)

The revenue of wireless service providers (WSPs) relies on their ability to efficiently satisfy the variable demands from end users (EUs). However, emerging video services create new risks owing to the diverse content requirements of heterogeneous EUs operating in uncertain markets. It is challenging as the risks created by demands and prices are highly uncertain. In this work, a risk problem of high revenues is studied in which multiple video content items with different prices are broadcast to wireless EUs. The video content prices differ in their value functions in terms of popularity, ratings, and types. The objective is to maximize the revenue of WSPs under a certain Value-at-Risk (VaR) by adjusting the content prices and allocation of bandwidth resources. Furthermore, a VaR-based optimization framework for wireless video broadcasting systems is presented. First, the content characteristics are analyzed, and a copula model is then used to build the content value structure. The copula of a multivariate distribution corresponds to the description of the price-dependent structure. Second, a risk analysis for the effects of price fluctuations on revenues caused by uncertainty is conducted. A VaR model is associated with changes in the prices and allocated rates. Copulas are used to derive a bound on the VaR for functions of dependent risks. Subsequently, detailed representations are provided to identify the distributional bounds for revenue functions of dependent risks. Lastly, a VaR-based framework that optimizes pricing and bandwidth provision is presented. For the solution, the risk regions of WSPs are modeled as polymatroidal structures to minimize the risk caused by different service demands and variable market prices. Experiments on different price markets demonstrated that the proposed method is effective, thereby verifying the feasibility of the proposed method.
Improving the design cycle for nanophotonic components (2013)

We present IPKISS, a software framework that greatly simplifies the design of nanophotonic components. In this approach, all steps in the workflow are based on a single high-level definition of the component, in a Python script. Because there is only one description, the design flow becomes less error prone due to incorrect definitions, and the overall reproducibility is greatly improved. Furthermore it enables easy closed-loop modeling of components and circuits. Also, previous work can easily be built upon because lower level blocks can seamlessly be replaced by new blocks. While we illustrate the application in photonics, this software and the used design patterns can be extended to other domains such as RF design and to multidomain physics such as opto-electronics.
Heesch Numbers of Unmarked Polyforms (2021)

A shape's Heesch number is the number of layers of copies of the shape that can be placed around it without gaps or overlaps. Experimentation and exhaustive searching have turned up examples of shapes with finite Heesch numbers up to six, but nothing higher. The computational problem of classifying simple families of shapes by Heesch number can provide more experimental data to fuel our understanding of this topic. I present a technique for computing Heesch numbers of non-tiling polyforms using a SAT solver, and the results of exhaustive computation of Heesch numbers up to 19-ominoes, 17-hexes, and 24-iamonds.
Optical properties and ionic conductivity of KTiOAsO4 crystals (1992)

Crystals of KTiOAsO4 were grown by the high temperature solution method and their optical and ionic conductivity properties evaluated. The band edge and IR cutoff were 370 and 4850 nm, respectively. A domain structure prevented efficient frequency conversion in as-grown crystals. The ionic conductivity at 22 °C and 120 kHz was 1.5×10−8, 7.3×10−9, and 1.7×10−6 S/cm for the [100], [010], and [001], respectively. The alleged ferroelectric Curie temperature was 852 ±2 °C.
Left ventricular non-compaction -challenges and controversies. (2014)

Cardiomyopathies classification is based on morphological and functional phenotypes and subcategories of familial/genetic and non-familial/non-genetic disease. The non-compaction cardiomyopathy is a rare disorder which is considered to be an unclassified cardiomyopathy according to the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases and the World Health Organization or a primary genetically-determined cardiomyopathy according to the American Heart Association. The diagnosis of non-compaction is challenging and its nosology is debated since this morphological trait can be shared by different cardiomyopathies and non-cardiomyopathy conditions. Myocardial structure has a spectrum from normal variants to the pathological phenotype of non-compaction cardiomyopathy, which reflects the embryonic structure of the human heart due to an arrest in the compaction process during the first trimester. However, when a definite diagnosis of non-compaction is made, the diagnostic process should orient towards a genetic disease with a relatively high probability of sarcomere mutations. Non-compaction cardiomyopathy is a diagnostically challenging entity. Nowadays there are some controversies associated with this cardiomyopathy, that it worth to be discussed.
2D Matrix of joint ultra low-profile (ULP) EBG antennas for high gain applications (2012)

This article presents the design of a 2D Matrix composed by Joint ULP EBG antennas for High Gain Applications. The advantage of this solution is the low coupling levels between each radiating element (ULP EBG antenna). This structure can also be used to make shaping beam.
Chip-to-chip optical interconnect using gold long-range surface plasmon polariton waveguides (2008)

We demonstrate a novel on-board chip-to-chip optical interconnect using long-range surface plasmon polariton (LR-SPP) waveguides that feature 2.5-cm-long gold strips embedded in a low loss polymer cladding. A TM-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) operating at a wavelength of 1.3 microm was butt-coupled into the waveguides in order to excite a fundamental LR-SPP mode and then the transmitted light was received with a photo-diode (PD). The waveguide width is varied in the range of 1.5-5.0 microm in order to optimize the insertion loss where the 3-microm-wide waveguide provides a minimum insertion loss of -17 dB, consisting of 6 dB/cm propagation loss and 2 dB coupling loss. An interconnect system based on the optimized waveguide with a 4-channel array is assembled with the arrayed optoelectronic chips. It shows the feasibility of 10 Gbps (2.5 Gbps x 4 channels) signal transmission indicating that the LR-SPP waveguide is a potential transmission line for optical interconnection.
Growth of Na-Doped Ca<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> Single Crystals under High Pressures of Several GPa (2002)

Single crystals of Na-doped Ca(2)CuO(2)Cl(2) have been grown for the first time by a flux method under high pressures of up to 5.5 GPa. By changing the Na-solubility limit through the applied pressure, the Na content x was successfully controlled without introducing appreciable compositional inhomogeneity within the millimeter-sized crystals. Structural and chemical characterization indicated that the crystals span the phase diagram continuously from the parent antiferromagnetic insulator to an underdoped high-temperature superconductor. Because of the well-defined cleavage plane and resulting high surface quality, these oxychloride single crystals will provide a unique opportunity to explore the electronic evolution of the high-temperature superconductors, using spectroscopic techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
On the surface lattice of microtubules: helix starts, protofilament number, seam, and handedness. (1986)

The tubulin monomers of brain microtubules reassembled in vitro are arranged on a 3-start helix, irrespective of whether the number of protofilaments is 13 or 14. The dimer packing is that of the B-lattice described for flagellar microtubules. This implies that the tubulin core of microtubules contains at least one helical discontinuity. Neither 5-start nor 8-start helices have a physical significance and thus cannot be implicated in models of microtubule elongation, but the structure is compatible with elongation of protofilaments by dimers or protofilamentous oligomers. The inner and outer surfaces of the microtubule wall can be visualized by propane jet freezing, freeze fracturing, and metal replication, at a resolution of at least 4 nm. The 3-start helix is left-handed, in contrast to a previous study based on negative staining and shadowing. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Preparation of novel highly conjugated bis-porphyrin bridged with a polyene linker (2003)

This paper describes the preparation of a bis free-base porphyrin and a bis-zinc porphyrin system in which the two 5,10,15-tris(3,5-ditertbutylphenyl)porphyrinyl units are connected in meso position by a tetraenic chain. The preparation of the dyad relies on the Wittig-Horner-Emmons reaction between diethyl 3-[5-[10,15,20-tris(3,5-ditert-butyl-phenyl)-porphyrinyl]] prop-2-enyl phosphonate and the aldehyde-1,3-diene[5-[10,15,20-tris(3,5-ditert-butyl-phenyl)-porphyrinyl]]. The two latter porphyrin derivatives were obtained via a Stille cross-coupling reaction between the corresponding tributyltin derivatives and the 5-iodo-10,15,20-tris(3,5-ditert-butyl-phenyl)-porphyrin. The UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectra of the bis-porphyrin systems are measured and indicate that both the energy level and the lifetime of the porphyrin singlet excited state are reduced upon the attachment of the polyene chain to the porphyrin unit.
Full disjunctions: polynomial-delay iterators in action (2006)

Full disjunctions are an associative extension of the outer-join operator to an arbitrary number of relations. Their main advantage is the ability to maximally combine data from different relations while preserving all the original information. An algorithm for efficiently computing full disjunctions is presented. This algorithm is superior to previous ones in three ways. First, it is the first algorithm that computes a full disjunction with a polynomial delay between tuples. Hence, it can be implemented as an iterator that produces a stream of tuples, which is important in many cases (e.g., pipelined query processing and Web applications). Second, the total runtime is linear in the size of the output. Third, the algorithm employs a novel optimization that divides the relation schemes into biconnected components, uses a separate iterator for each component and applies outerjoins whenever possible. Combining efficiently full disjunctions with standard SQL operators is discussed. Experiments show the superiority of our algorithm over the state of the art.
[meso-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato]platinum(ii) as an efficient, oxidation-resistant red phosphor: spectroscopic properties and applications in organic light-emitting diodesElectronic supplementary information available: details of photoluminescence measurements, transient absorption spectra of PtF20TPP, photophysical properties of PtF20TPP in different solvents, EL spectra and performances of OLEDs using PtF20TPP as emitters at various doping levels and crystallographic data for PtF20TPP. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b2/b212204a/ (2003)

[meso-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato]platinum(II) (PtF20TPP) exhibits strong red phosphorescence and high stability with respect to oxidative degradation. OLEDs affording efficient saturated red emission have been fabricated using the PtF20TPP dopant.
Selective activation of PFKL suppresses the phagocytic oxidative burst (2021)

In neutrophils, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) generated via the pentose phosphate pathway fuels NADPH oxidase NOX2 to produce reactive oxygen species for killing invading pathogens. However, excessive NOX2 activity can exacerbate inflammation, as in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we use two unbiased chemical proteomic strategies to show that small-molecule LDC7559, or a more potent designed analog NA-11, inhibits the NOX2-dependent oxidative burst in neutrophils by activating the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 liver type (PFKL) and dampening flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. Accordingly, neutrophils treated with NA-11 had reduced NOX2-dependent outputs, including neutrophil cell death (NETosis) and tissue damage. A high-resolution structure of PFKL confirmed binding of NA-11 to the AMP/ADP allosteric activation site and explained why NA-11 failed to agonize phosphofructokinase-1 platelet type (PFKP) or muscle type (PFKM). Thus, NA-11 represents a tool for selective activation of PFKL, the main phosphofructokinase-1 isoform expressed in immune cells.
Diagnosis of and Screening for Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnant Women (2005)

No single diagnostic test for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is currently available for pregnant women at all stages of gestation. Improved accuracy in estimating the timing of primary infections can be used to identify women at higher risk of giving birth to congenitally infected infants. A diagnostic algorithm utilizing immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgG avidity was used to prospectively screen serum from 600 pregnant women enrolled from two groups: < or =20 weeks gestation (n = 396) or >20 weeks gestation (n = 204). PCR testing of urine and/or blood was performed on all seropositive women (n = 341). The majority (56.8%) of women were CMV IgG seropositive, with 5.5% being also CMV IgM positive. In the IgM-positive women, 1.2% had a low-avidity IgG, indicating a primary CMV infection and a high risk of intrauterine transmission. Two infants with asymptomatic CMV infection were born of mothers who had seroconverted in the second trimester of pregnancy. Baseline, age-stratified CMV serostatus was established from 1,018 blood donors. Baseline seropositivity from a blood donor population increased with age from 34.9% seroprevalence at less than 20 years of age to 72% seroprevalence at 50 years of age. Women at high risk of intrauterine transmission of CMV were identified at all stages of gestation. Women infected with CMV during late gestation may be more likely to transmit the virus, so failure to detect seroconversions in late gestation may result in failure to detect infected neonates.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations at Birth in Children Screened for HLA-DQB1 Conferred Risk for Type 1 Diabetes (2019)

The 25(OH)D concentrations at birth are not associated with the development of T1D during childhood.
Combined beam propagation and bidirectional eigenmode propagation methods for bidirectional optical beam propagation analysis (1997)

A combination of the beam propagation method (BPM) and the bidirectional eigenmode propagation method (BEP) is proposed for the analysis of reflections in waveguide structures containing longitudinal discontinuities. The BPM based on the finite element method (FEM) is applied to slowly varying regions and the BEP is applied only to regions that include abrupt discontinuities. The FEM is also utilized for evaluating the eigenmodes necessary in the BEP analysis. To show the validity and usefulness of the approach proposed here, numerical examples for a semiconductor laser facet, an optical waveguide connection, and an optical directional coupler are presented. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 80(6): 10–18, 1997
Work Stealing in a Shared Virtual-Memory Heterogeneous Environment (2017)

This paper uses betweenness centrality as a case study to research efficient work stealing in a heterogeneous system environment. Betweenness centrality is an important algorithm in graph processing. It presents multiple-level parallelism and is an interesting problem to exploit various optimizations. We investigate queue-based work stealing to distribute its tasks across GPU compute units (CUs) and across the CPU and the GPU, which has not been done by prior work. In particular, we demonstrate how to leverage the new platform-atomic operations on AMD Accelerated Processing Units (APUs) to operate cross-device queues in a lock-free manner in shared virtual memory. To make the work stealing runtime and the application more efficient, we apply new architectural features, including atomic operations with different memory scopes and or-derings for different synchronization scenarios. We implement our solution using heterogeneous system architecture (HSA). Our results show that betweenness centrality with CPU-GPU work stealing achieves an average of 15% (up to 30%) performance improvement over GPU-only execution for diverse graph inputs. Our work stealing solution can be applied widely to other applications too. Finally, we analyze important parameters critical for queuing and stealing.