gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attempts to phenotype human liver samples in vitro for debrisoquine 4‐ hydroxylase activity. (1985)

Twenty-eight samples of human liver have been characterised for cytochrome P-450 content, aldrin epoxidase, debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase and bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase activities. Evidence is presented here and elsewhere that bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase and debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase are activities catalysed by the same form of cytochrome P-450 in man, and that this form is different from that catalysing the epoxidation of aldrin. Attempts to phenotype liver samples in vitro, in the absence of any metabolic data in vivo for debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation status, met with limited success. A combination of enzyme assays will most probably be required in any such phenotyping of human liver samples.
A wearable soft-robotic glove enables hand support in ADL and rehabilitation: A feasibility study on the assistive functionality (2016)

Participants perceived the iH system as useful, pleasant and meaningful. The learning curve in functional performance time (improvements across repetitions) is promising, since it suggests there is room for improved performance when a longer acquaintance period is applied.
Cascaded Time Difference Amplifier with Differential Logic Delay Cell (2011)

We introduce a 16x cascaded time difference amplifier (TDA) using a differential logic delay cell with 0.18µm CMOS process. By employing the differential logic delay cell in the delay chain instead of the CMOS logic delay cell, less than 8% TD gain offset with ±150ps input range is achieved. The input referred standard deviation of the output time difference error is 2.7ps and the input referred is improved by 17% compared with that of the previous TDA using the CMOS logic delay cell.
&lt;title&gt;Learned fuzzy rules versus decision trees in classifying microcalcifications in mammograms&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

Screening mammograms for microcalcifications is important labor intensive work for an expert physician. A fatigued or inexperienced person might miss an abnormal mammogram, which is why the practice of having two readers for mammograms is not uncommon. A set of 63 features extracted from 40 mammograms, each with ground truthed microcalcifications, are used for learning and testing a set of rules to classify pixels as microcalcification or normal. A decision tree is used to learn these rules. Results from applying the rules to unseen mammograms are discussed. We also discuss a method of fuzzifying the decision tree which should lead to improved classification accuracy.
Thick-film and powder-in-tube processing for Tl-oxide wire and tape (1994)

The wire and tape processing of the Tl-oxides, compared to Bi-oxide, is not as well advanced due to a reduced level of effort. The Tl-oxide single layer compounds, moreover, offer high intrinsic pinning with potential for high field operation at 77K. The Tl-PIT processed to date has not achieved the expected transport properties due to poor inter-grain connectivity resulting from an inability to texture the superconducting core. On the other hand, thick-film processing methods, as offered by electrodeposition and spray pyrolysis have demonstrated the ability to obtain a highly textured microstructure with good in-field transport properties. This paper will review the progress in the Tl-oxide wire and tape processing for both PIT and thick-film techniques. The role of the powder precursor related to reactivity, mixing and particle size on Tl-PIT methods will be discussed. Electrodeposited wire or tape is advanced as a viable low cost alternative to powder-in-tube processing.
A dynamic pairing diversity with interference exploitation for high throughput 4G systems (2013)

This paper proposes and analyzes a new cooperative diversity technique that combines users pairing and interference exploitation for enhancing the uplink transmission performance in uplink OFDMA systems suitable for 4G technology. The underlying principle is to pair users on the basis of best interuser channel by utilizing low transmit power communication in the unlicensed band to exchange data symbols. Then, each pair remap their combined symbols according to a predefined rule such that they transmit the same constellation using single dimensional OFDMA to ensure that the signals of each pair combine constructively at the destination. As well as achieving a diversity order of two, the proposed technique attains further performance enhancements by exploiting co-channel interference. The impact of the proposed technique on various modulation orders is considered in this paper. The performance is assessed through Monte Carlo simulation and accurate mathematical analysis. It will be shown that the results from both models closely match and demonstrate that significant BER reduction as well as throughput enhancement are obtained relative to other uplink OFDMA transmission techniques.
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 dual‐target nucleic acid technology improves blood safety: 5 years of experience of the German Red Cross blood donor service Baden‐Württemberg–Hessen (2018)

The current data demonstrate that dual-target NAT systems reduce the risk of false-negative HIV-1 NAT screening results.
Regulatory modules controlling maize inflorescence architecture (2013)

Genetic control of branching is a primary determinant of yield, regulating seed number and harvesting ability, yet little is known about the molecular networks that shape grain-bearing inflorescences of cereal crops. Here, we used the maize (Zea mays) inflorescence to investigate gene networks that modulate determinacy, specifically the decision to allow branch growth. We characterized developmental transitions by associating spatiotemporal expression profiles with morphological changes resulting from genetic perturbations that disrupt steps in a pathway controlling branching. Developmental dynamics of genes targeted in vivo by the transcription factor RAMOSA1, a key regulator of determinacy, revealed potential mechanisms for repressing branches in distinct stem cell populations, including interactions with KNOTTED1, a master regulator of stem cell maintenance. Our results uncover discrete developmental modules that function in determining grass-specific morphology and provide a basis for targeted crop improvement and translation to other cereal crops with comparable inflorescence architectures.
Correlation between the <i>ortho</i>-Positronium Pick-off Annihilation Lifetime and the Free Volume in Molecular Liquids and Polymers (1992)

Abstract A good correlation between the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) pick-off annihilation lifetime and the free volume, computed as the difference between the specific volume at room temperature and that at 0 K, is reported for molecular liquids and polymers. Bondi’s group contribution approach was employed for estimating the specific volume at 0 K. The o-Ps lifetimes in molecular solids, such as phenanthrene deviate considerably from the correlation. It is suggested that a bubble may be formed around Ps in liquids and polymers, but not in the low-molecular-weight crystalline solids. A correlation is presented between the diffusion coefficients of Ar and the lifetimes of o-Ps in both liquids and polymers.
Verapamil interacts in vitro with alpha 2-adrenoceptors but does not modify alpha 2-receptivity in vivo. (1990)

The kind of interaction of two structurally different calcium channel blockers (verapamil and nicardipine) with both alpha 2-adrenergic agonist and antagonist binding on human platelets was investigated. Only verapamil, but not nicardipine, interacted in vitro with platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors on [3H]-yohimbine or [3H]-UK 14,304 binding. Verapamil behaves as a weak antagonist competitor for alpha 2-adrenoceptors. In patients with mild essential arterial hypertension, the number of platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors as well as velocity of aggregatory response to adrenaline, are significantly decreased: -21 and -25%, respectively (p less than 0.05). Verapamil (120 mg t.i.d. orally during 1 month) failed to modify the platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor number or the adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation in hypertensive patients. These results show that, although interacting in vitro, verapamil does not modify the alpha 2-adrenergic receptivity after 1 month treatment in humans.
Outlier guided optimization of abdominal segmentation (2020)

Abdominal multi-organ segmentation of computed tomography (CT) images has been the subject of extensive research interest. It presents a substantial challenge in medical image processing, as the shape and distribution of abdominal organs can vary greatly among the population and within an individual over time. While continuous integration of novel datasets into the training set provides potential for better segmentation performance, collection of data at scale is not only costly, but also impractical in some contexts. Moreover, it remains unclear what marginal value additional data have to offer. Herein, we propose a single-pass active learning method through human quality assurance (QA). We built on a pre-trained 3D U-Net model for abdominal multi-organ segmentation and augmented the dataset either with outlier data (e.g., exemplars for which the baseline algorithm failed) or inliers (e.g., exemplars for which the baseline algorithm worked). The new models were trained using the augmented datasets with 5-fold cross-validation (for outlier data) and withheld outlier samples (for inlier data). Manual labeling of outliers increased Dice scores with outliers by 0.130, compared to an increase of 0.067 with inliers (p<0.001, two-tailed paired t-test). By adding 5 to 37 inliers or outliers to training, we find that the marginal value of adding outliers is higher than that of adding inliers. In summary, improvement on single-organ performance was obtained without diminishing multi-organ performance or significantly increasing training time. Hence, identification and correction of baseline failure cases present an effective and efficient method of selecting training data to improve algorithm performance.
A NUCA substrate for flexible CMP cache sharing (2014)

We propose an organization for the on-chip memory system of a chip multiprocessor, in which 16 processors share a 16MB pool of 256 L2 cache banks. The L2 cache is organized as a non-uniform cache architecture (NUCA) array with a switched network embedded in it for high performance. We show that this organization can support the spectrum of degrees of sharing: unshared, in which each processor has a private portion of the cache, thus reducing hit latency, completely shared, in which every processor shares the entire cache, thus minimizing misses, and every point in between. We find the optimal degree of sharing for a number of cache bank mapping policies, and also evaluate a per-application cache partitioning strategy. We conclude that a static NUCA organization with sharing degrees of two or four work best across a suite of commercial and scientific parallel workloads. We also demonstrate that migratory, dynamic NUCA approaches improve performance significantly for a subset of the workloads at the cost of increased power consumption and complexity, especially as per-application cache partitioning strategies are applied.
Sliding Test by Using an Apparatus Imitating a Human Finger for Estimating the Tactile Sensation of Cosmetic Foundation (2007)

When we acquire tactile sensation, contact and relative motion are necessary between our bodies and objects. This implies that the tactile sensation is produced by friction phenomena. The present paper describes the sliding test for estimating the tactile sensation associated with cosmetic foundation. When the cosmetic foundation is rubbed with an apparatus that imitates a human finger, two types of time-evolving signals-normal and tangential-are obtained as the source of the tactile information. In the sliding test with the apparatus under the frictional condition of humans acquiring the tactile sensation, frictional vibration is observed in the tangential signals, which should be related to the tactile sensation associated with the cosmetic foundation. When a surface with a grooved pattern that imitates fingerprints is used in the sliding test, two types of frictional vibrations are observed. If an adequate sliding velocity is selected, the slight difference between the four types of commercial cosmetic foundations is discriminable by using the signals of these vibrations.
Of their roots, plants, herbs, and flowers (2012)

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Experiments on the Recirculating Planar Magnetron with Coaxial All-Cavity Extraction (2020)

Calibrated microwave power measurements are presented for the Recirculating Planar Magnetron with Coaxial-All-Cavity Extraction (RPM-CACE). Experimental results are compared with computational predictions using the particle-in-cell code ICEPIC. The RPM-CACE was designed using extensive simulation and optimization to demonstrate the RPM concept, and was simulated to operate at 1.89 GHz and produce peak powers of $\sim 400$ MW at 50-70% efficiency. The experiment utilizes a novel coaxial extraction system to minimize the total diameter of the device.
High Spatial Resolution Soft X-Ray Microscopy and Microanalysis of Thick and Hydrated Materials (1998)

Abstract The Center for X-ray Optics (CXRO) built and operates a high-resolution soft x-ray microscope (XM-1) at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley. We report on the use of this instrument in a variety of scientific fields, including biology, civil engineering and environmental sciences. The microscope is a conventional (full field) x-ray microscope, which uses zone plate lenses to provide high resolution transmission images. The optical setup is similar to the Göttingen x-ray microscope, operated at the BESSY synchrotron radiation facility in Berlin, Germany. A condenser zone plate, fabricated by the Göttingen group, is illuminating the sample and an objective zone plate, fabricated by Erik Anderson (CXRO), is forming an enlarged image on an x-ray CCD camera. While the optical path of the microscope is in vacuum, the sample is at atmospheric pressure, flushed by helium. The spatial resolution of our microscope is 43 nm, measured as the distance from 10%-90% intensity in the image of a knife-edge.
How to prove hybrid systems (2016)

Hybrid systems combine discrete dynamics with continuous dynamics along differential equations. They arise frequently in many safety-critical application domains, including aviation, automotive, railway, and robotics. But how can we ensure that these systems are guaranteed to meet their design goals, e.g., that an aircraft will not crash into another one? This talk describes how hybrid systems can be proved using differential dynamic logic. Differential dynamic logic (dL) provides compositional logics, programming languages, and reasoning principles for hybrid systems. As implemented in the theorem prover KeYmaera X, dL has been instrumental in verifying many applications, including the Airborne Collision Avoidance System ACAS X, the European Train Control System ETCS, automotive systems, mobile robot navigation, and a surgical robot system for skull-base surgery.
Polyamides based on a partially bio-based spirodiamine (2017)

In this study novel, fully and partially bio-based polyamides containing spiroacetal moieties in the backbone derived from bio-glycerol and bio-ethanol were prepared and characterized. The renewable diamine employed to obtain a series of polyamides was synthesized by means of thiol-ene click chemistry and therefore contains flexible thioether as well as rigid spiroacetal moieties. Two different chemical pathways for the polymerization were investigated and evaluated. The polymerization of polyamide salts proved to be the most promising method and therefore salt polymerization was applied in the synthesis of polyamides with aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Subsequently, the structure of the polymers was confirmed by Maldi-ToF analysis and additionally thermal and mechanical properties were investigated revealing Tg’s between 24 and 80 °C and ductile materials with moduli between 1.0 and 1.5 GPa. Both semicrystalline and amorphous polyamides were thermally stable and therefore suitable for thermal processing. In the end, degradation studies were performed on the acetal containing polyamides which showed that the polymers were stable at pH 3 and higher.
Epidermal detachment, desmosomal dissociation, and destabilization of corneodesmosin in <i>Spink5</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice (2004)

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a human autosomal recessive skin disease caused by mutations in the SPINK5 gene, which encodes the putative proteinase inhibitor LEKTI. We have generated a transgenic mouse line with an insertional mutation that inactivated the mouse SPINK5 ortholog. Mutant mice exhibit fragile stratum corneum and perinatal death due to dehydration. Our analysis suggests that the phenotype is a consequence of desmosomal fragility associated with premature proteolysis of corneodesmosin, an extracellular desmosomal component. Our mouse mutant provides a model system for molecular studies of desmosomal stability and keratinocyte adhesion, and for designing therapeutic strategies to treat NS.
Mikroirregularitäten gesunder retinaler Gefäße bei unterschiedlichen Altersgruppen (2006)

Hintergrund: Am Augenhintergrund können Gefäße nicht invasiv untersucht werden. Die Gefäßweiten lassen sich entlang eines vorbestimmten Gefäßabschnitts analysieren. Auf einen Flickerlichtstimulus erfolgt eine Gefäßdilatation. Ob eine Altersabhängigkeit dieser Gefäßregulationsreaktion besteht, wird im Folgenden untersucht. Methoden: Bei jeweils 10 gesunden Probanden im Alter von 20–30 (25,3±1,9) Jahren, 40–60 (50,2±5,3) Jahren und 60–85 (72,6±9,5) Jahren wurde mittels Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA©/Fa. IMEDOS, Jena) die Gefäßweite eines arteriellen Netzhautgefäßabschnittes bestimmt. Nach einminütigem Messen einer Baseline wurde der monochromatische rechteckförmige Luminanzflicker (Wellenlängebereich von 530–600 nm) mit einer Frequenz von 12,5Hz für 60s appliziert. Die Unterschiede in Amplitude und Frequenz der Durchmesseränderungen vor, während und nach der Flickerstimulation wurden durch den Parameter: SEF (Spektrale Endfrequenz des Power-Spektrums) charakterisiert und mittels nonparametrischer Tests verglichen. Ergebnisse: SEF der untersuchten Gefäßprofile unterschied sich signifikant (p<0,05, U-Test) zwischen den jungen und beiden älteren Gruppen in jeder Phase der temporalen arteriellen Gefäßreaktion (Baseline, Dilatationsphase während der Provokation, auf die Provokation folgende reaktive Konstriktionsphase sowie Rückkehr zur Baseline). SEF war innerhalb der selben Altersgruppe in unterschiedlichen Phasen jedoch nicht unterschiedlich. Schlussfolgerung: Retinale Astgefäße besitzen keinen gleichmäßigen Durchmesser entlang des Gefäßes. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie besagen, dass die mit SEF charakterisierte hochfrequente Wandwelligkeit retinaler Arterien entlang eines Gefäßlangschnittsprofils bei anamnestisch gesunden Probanden mit zunehmendem Alter signifikant zunimmt. Mit dem Alter entstehen ungleichmäßigere Gefäßmuster, die wahrscheinlich ein Maß für den erlittenen Endothelschaden darstellen.
Results of radical prostatectomy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. (1996)

Radical prostatectomy leads to high 10-year disease-specific survival rates in men with all tumor grades. However, caution is needed in comparing these results with similar studies of alternative treatment strategies, such as watchful waiting, due to the inherent potential biases in uncontrolled trials. Nevertheless, these results offer the best currently available estimates of 10-year outcome of radical prostatectomy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer and may be useful in counseling patients with early malignancy.
Aspartate 351 of Estrogen Receptor α Is Not Crucial for the Antagonist Activity of Antiestrogens (2000)

The antagonist activity of antiestrogens is due to the presence of a long carbon side chain at positions 7alpha or 11beta or equivalent on their steroid or steroid-like skeletons. These side chains establish hydrophobic interactions with amino acids of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) ligand binding domain. In addition, a hydrogen bond formed between amino acid Asp-351 and the tertiary amine present at the end of the side chain of partial antiestrogens is considered to be crucial for their antiestrogenicity. Here, we have investigated the role of Asp-351 in antiestrogen action in transiently transfected HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results indicate that disruption of the negative charge at position 351 does not increase the agonist activity of partial antiestrogens and thus that the hydrogen bond with the antiestrogen side chain is not determinant in positioning the side chain in an antagonist position. The negative charge at position 351 was not required for transcriptional activity in the presence of hormone, but its presence was necessary for basal activity of the wild-type receptor and constitutive activities of mutants L536P and Y537A, suggesting a role of Asp-351 in stabilizing the active conformation of ERalpha. This stabilizing role of Asp-351 could be due to interaction of Asp-351 with the amide group of the peptide bond between Leu-539 and Leu-540 in helix 12 observed in the active conformation of the ERalpha ligand binding domain.
Solution Activators of Aluminum Electrochemistry in Organic Media (2000)

The use of solution activators (dissolved metal salts) to enhance aluminum electrochemical activity in organic media is reported. Aluminum is electrochemically passive in most organic electrolytes and unlike lithium, has not been developed as a battery anode in organic media. We demonstrate significant Al activity in two electrolytes, in γ‐butyrolactone or in acetonitrile. These improve the anodic potential by up to 1 V in comparison to other electrolytes and increase from microampere to milliampere per square centimeter, the sustainable Al oxidation current. Electrolytic metal acetate, chloride, or other salts can further enhance these favorable anodic characteristics. Unlike Sn(II), Sn(IV), or Ga(III), both Hg(II) and In(III) significantly activate Al redox behavior. In , the Al oxidative polarization is 100, 65, 36, or only 28 Ω in electrolytes containing, respectively, 0, 1, 10, 100 mM Hg(II). Hg(II) also shifts negatively the observed by 150 to 250 mV, an enhancement sustained during extended anodic galvanostatic discharge. Similarly, as little as 1 mM In(III) diminishes polarization to 40 Ω Addition of 10 mM In(II) to in acetonitrile, improves by 0.4 to −1.57 V vs. . © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Telomeres and genomic evolution (2018)

The terminal regions of eukaryotic chromosomes, composed of telomere repeat sequences and sub-telomeric sequences, represent some of the most variable and rapidly evolving regions of the genome. The sub-telomeric regions are characterized by segmentally duplicated repetitive DNA elements, interstitial telomere repeat sequences and families of variable genes. Sub-telomeric repeat sequence families are shared among multiple chromosome ends, often rendering detailed sequence characterization difficult. These regions are composed of constitutive heterochromatin and are subjected to high levels of meiotic recombination. Dysfunction within telomere repeat arrays, either due to disruption in the chromatin structure or because of telomere shortening, can lead to chromosomal fusion and the generation of large-scale genomic rearrangements across the genome. The dynamic nature of telomeric regions, therefore, provides functionally useful variation to create genetic diversity, but also provides a mechanism for rapid genomic evolution that can lead to reproductive isolation and speciation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics'.This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics'.