gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault Collapsing Using a Novel Extensibility Relation (2011)

Fault Collapsing of a target fault-list can help in obtaining a compact test set, decreasing test-generation/fault simulation time, and indirectly reducing test data volume and test application time during Manufacturing Test. These factors have a direct impact on test economics, thus obtaining a compact fault list is essential. In this paper, we propose a novel extensibility relation that aids in identifying non-trivial dominance relationships among fault-pairs. We show that our technique supersedes existing dominance-based collapsing techniques and thus may identify more dominance relations among faults. To this end, we learn several necessary assignments for faults in a low-cost fault independent manner, in which memory requirements are also low. Further, from a theoretical point of interest, we theorize a lower bound on the size of a collapsed fault-list. Experimental results on ISCAS85 and full-scan versions of ISCAS89 circuits indicate that, on an average, our technique can eliminate 5% of faults from the collapsed fault list reported by the best known fault collapsing engine. Further, our technique consumed only 2% - 4% of the memory used by the best known engine, which also provided for a 2:3× average speed-up!
Oxygen Activation by Iron(III)-Porphyrin/NaBH4/Me4NOH System as Cytochrome P-450 Model. Oxygenation of Olefin, N-Dealkylation of Tertiary Amine, Oxidation of Sulfide, and Oxidative Cleavage of Ether Bond. (1993)

Oxygenation of olefin, N-dealkylation of tertiary amine, oxidation of sulfide, and oxidative cleavage of ether bond were conducted with tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron(III) (Fe3+TPPCl), NaBH4, Me4N·OH, and molecular dioxygen in benzene-methanol solution. Fe3+TPPCl, NaBH4, and molecular dioxygen were essential for these reactions and the yields were decreased when Me4N·OH was absent. Olefins were converted to alcohols, which were not produced from the corresponding epoxides under the same conditions. In styrene oxygenation, an electron-donating substituent on the substrate decreased the reactivity, whereas in N, N-dimethylaniline demethylation, it enhanced the reactivity. Despite the use of the same reagents, the key intermediates of these two reactions are different. Fe2+TPP-σ-alkyl complexes produced from Fe3+TPPCl, olefin, and NaBH4 were identified as intermediates under anaerobic conditions. Fe2+TPP-σ-alkyl complex reacted with molecular dioxygen to give oxygenated products.Examination of the relative reactivities of p-substituted N, N-dimethylanilines in the NaBH4 reaction system revealed first, that the demethylation proceeded via one-electron abstraction, and second, that the reactive species of the demethylation reactions seems to be an iron-oxenoid.
Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis (2021)

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries, remains a leading cause of death worldwide despite significant advances in treatment over the past several decades. Detailed studies reveal inextricable links between atherosclerosis progression and its underlying pathobiology, ultimately leading to clinical complications of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic limbs, and sudden cardiac death. Based on a molecular and cellular framework, molecular imaging technologies have made progress in closing the “translational gap” by unraveling fundamental details underlying the in vivo pathogenesis of atherosclerosis not only experimentally, but in humans. In conjunction with high-resolution hardware detection systems, atherosclerosis molecular imaging agents for nuclear imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging show substantial capabilities to decipher a range of key biological targets in vivo and in patients. Here we present state-of-the-art applications of molecular imaging technology to atherosclerosis in the biological, translational, and clinical arenas. As detailed in this chapter, all aspects of atherogenesis from initiation through plaque evolution and ultimately thrombotic complication offer potential targets for molecular imaging by exploiting the pathobiological underpinnings of this disease made over the past two decades.
High-bandwidth prefetcher for high-bandwidth memory (2023)

A method for prefetching data into a cache is provided. The method allocates an outstanding request buffer ("ORB"). The method stores in an address field of the ORB an address and a number of blocks. The method issues prefetch requests for a degree number of blocks starting at the address. When a prefetch response is received for all the prefetch requests, the method adjusts the address of the next block to prefetch and adjusts the number of blocks remaining to be retrieved and then issues prefetch requests for a degree number of blocks starting at the adjusted address. The prefetching pauses when a maximum distance between the reads of the prefetched blocks and the last prefetched block is reached. When a read request for a prefetched block is received, the method resumes prefetching when a resume criterion is satisfied.
Model reduction of nonlinear systems with bounded incremental &amp;#x2122;&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; gain (2011)

A model reduction procedure for a class of nonlinear systems is presented in the current paper. Nonlinear systems are considered that can be decomposed into a linear subsystem of high order and a nonlinear subsystem of relatively low order, allowing for an approach in which only the linear subsystem is reduced using well-developed linear model reduction techniques. For this approach, conditions for stability of the reduced-order nonlinear system are given, as well as an error bound in terms of the ™ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> signal norm. Herein, the nonlinear subsystem is assumed to have a bounded incremental ™ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gain, which proves to be a crucial property in the derivation of the results. The method is illustrated by means of an example.
Relating the Stickiness Property of Foods Undergoing Drying and Dried Products to their Surface Energetics (2005)

Abstract Stickiness is a common problem encountered in food handling and processing, and also during consumption. Stickiness is observed as adhesion of the food to processing equipment surfaces or cohesion within the food particulate or mass. An important operation where this undesirable behavior of food is manifested is drying. This occurs particularly during drying of high-sugar and high-fat foods. To date, the stickiness of foods during drying or dried powder has been investigated in relation to their viscous and glass transition properties. The importance of contact surface energy of the equipment has been ignored in many analyses, despite the fact that some drying operations have reported using low-energy contact surfaces in drying equipment to avoid the problems caused by stickiness. This review discusses the fundamentals of adhesion and cohesion mechanisms and relates these phenomena to drying and dried products.
The dissolution behavior in alkaline solutions of a borosilicate glass with and without P <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> (2017)

Abstract There are a variety of applications for glasses in alkaline environments, including glass fibers and glass‐coated steel to reinforce concrete structures. To understand how a simple glass reacts in such environments, the dissolution behavior of a 25Na 2 O–25B 2 O 3 –50SiO 2 (mol%) glass, doped with and without 3 mol% P 2 O 5 , in pH 12 KOH and pH 12 KOH saturated with Ca 2+ ions was studied. Ca 2+ ions in the solution significantly reduce the glass dissolution rate by forming a passivating calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel layer on the glass surface. When these corroded glasses were then exposed to Ca‐free KOH , the C–S–H layer redissolves into the undersaturated solution and the glass dissolution rate increases. For phosphate‐doped borosilicate glass, PO 4 3− units released from the dissolving glass react with Ca 2+ ions in saturated solutions to form crystalline hydroxylapatite on the glass surface, but this layer does not protect the glass from corrosion as well as the C–S–H does. The nature of the C–S–H layer was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, which reveals a gel layer constituted mainly of silicate anions.
Apical Leakage of Four Endodontic Sealers (2003)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing properties of four root canal sealers. Forty-eight maxillary central incisors were instrumented with Profile rotary instruments. They were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12) and filled using lateral condensation with one of the four sealers: Sealapex, Pulp Canal Sealer, AH 26, and Ketac-Endo. The apical leakage was measured with a fluid filtration method and expressed as L s(-1) KPa(-1). The teeth filled with Sealapex displayed a higher apical leakage (8.42 +/- 4.2 10(-11) L s(-1) KPa(-1)) than those filled with AH 26 (2.10 +/- 1.39 10(-11) L s(-1) KPa(-1)), Pulp Canal Sealer (0.17 +/- 0.09 10(-11) L s(-1) KPa(-1)) or Ketac-Endo (0.32 +/- 0.24 10(-1) L s(-1) KPa(-1)) (p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found among AH 26, Pulp Canal Sealer, and Ketac-Endo. No correlation was found between the sealing efficiency of the four sealers and their adhesive properties recorded in a previous study.
EyeWear 2016 (2016)

Smart glasses, head-worn eye trackers, egocentric vision devices, and similar "smart eyewear" have recently emerged as interesting research platforms for a range of research fields, including human-computer interaction, ubiquitous computing, computer vision, and social sciences. The proposed workshop will bring together researchers from a wide range of computing disciplines, such as mobile and ubiquitous computing, eye tracking, optics, computer vision, human vision and perception, privacy and security, usability, as well as systems research.
Publisher Correction: Utf1 contributes to intergenerational epigenetic inheritance of pluripotency (2018)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Regiospecific amine substitution into α‐amanitin with retention of inhibitory properties against eukaryotic class II RNA polymerase (1983)

Treatment of α‐amanitin with I 2 ‐morpholine (1:1:3 mole ratio α‐amanitin: I 2 : morpholine) affords 7' substitution of the α‐amanitin with the N‐atom of the morpholine rather than the expected 7'‐iodination. The 7'‐(N‐morpholino)‐α‐amanitin is isolable in yields up to 95% and shows electronic spectra similar to the parent amatoxin but with distinct Λ max and Λ min at 243 and 237 nm, respectively. Spectrophotometric titration of the phenolic hydroxyl shows an increase in pKa from 9.72 (α‐amanitin) to 10.24 for this product; an increase in pKa is expected on chemical grounds following ortho substitution with an amine. Proton magnetic resonance shows two aromatic protons (δ 4H = 7.56 p.p.m.; δ 5H = 6.88 p.p.m.; J = 9 Hz), thus establishing the extent and position of substitution at the 7' carbon in the tryptophan residue. The 7'‐(N‐morpholino)‐α‐amanitin inhibits RNA polymerase activity with half‐maximal inhibition at 1 times 10 ‐8 M and 3 times 10 ‐4 M for class II and class III sea urchin RNA polymerase, respectively. Extension of this procedure with additional dialkylamines affords the preparation of a family of 7'‐(N‐dialkylamino)‐α‐amanitins analogous to the prototypical morpholine derivative. With tertiary and aryl amines no amatoxin derivative results, while with primary alkyl amines this procedure yields an unresolved product mixture containing an as yet undefined inhibitor of the class I as well as class II and III RNA polymerases. The title reaction thus provides a facile, efficient route to modified amatoxins that do not disrupt the amatoxin: RNA polymerase binary complex formation. A means toward reporter molecule analysis of class II RNA polymerase structure and function is implied by these results.
UROLITHIASIS, ENDOUROLOGY AND LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY (2000)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUROLOGICAL SURVEY1 Aug 2000UROLITHIASIS, ENDOUROLOGY AND LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY Ralph V. Clayman, M.D. Ralph V. Clayman, M.D. Ralph V. Clayman, M.D. Ralph V. Clayman, M.D. Ralph V. Clayman, M.D. Ralph V. Clayman, M.D. Ralph V. Clayman, M.D. Ralph V. Clayman, andM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , and Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67431-9AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2000 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 164Issue 2August 2000Page: 608-613 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2000 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Accumulation of tissue factor in endothelial cells promotes cellular apoptosis through over-activation of Src1 and involves β1-integrin signalling (2019)

Accumulation of tissue factor (TF) within cells leads to cellular apoptosis mediated through p38 and p53 pathways. In this study, the involvement of Src1 in the induction of TF-mediated cell apoptosis, and the mechanisms of Src1 activation were investigated. Human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) were transfected with plasmids to express the wild-type TF (TF<sub>Wt</sub>-tGFP), or a mutant (Ser253 → Ala) which is incapable of being released from cells (TF<sub>Ala253</sub>-tGFP). The cells were then activated with PAR2-agonist peptide (SLIGKV-NH) and the phosphorylation of Src and Rac, and also the kinase activity of Src were assessed. Transfected cells were also pre-incubated with pp60c Src inhibitor, FAK inhibitor-14, or a blocking anti-β1-integrin antibody prior to activation and the phosphorylation of p38 as well as cellular apoptosis was examined. Finally, cells were co-transfected with the plasmids, together with a Src1-specific siRNA, activated as above and the cellular apoptosis measured. Activation of PAR2 lead to the phosphorylation of Src1 and Rac1 proteins at 60 min regardless of TF expression. Moreover, Src phosphorylation and kinase activity was prolonged up to 100 min in the presence of TF, with a significantly higher magnitude when the non-releasable TF<sub>Ala253</sub>-tGFP was expressed in HCAEC. Inhibition of Src with pp60c, or suppression of Src1 expression in cells, reduced p38 phosphorylation and prevented cellular apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of FAK had no significant influence on Src kinase activity or cellular apoptosis. Finally, pre-incubation of cells with an inhibitory anti-β1-integrin antibody reduced both Src1 activation and cellular apoptosis. Our data show for the first time that the over-activation of Src1 is a mediator of TF-induced cellular apoptosis in endothelial cells through a mechanism that is dependent on its interaction with β1-integrin.
Michael-Addition of Malononitrile to 1,3-Diaryl-2-propen-1-ones (1990)

2,4,6-Triaryl-3-aroyl-4-hydroxy-1,1-cyclohexanedicarbonitriles have been prepared by the base-catalyzed reaction of variously substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones with malononitrile in anhydrous ether at room temperature. Their structures have been established on the basis of their elemental analyses, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data and X-ray crystallography.
Effect of octyl salicylate with respect to the physical appearance of mono/di capric and caprylic fatty acids formulations (2016)

In this study, the behavior of the caprylic and capric acids formulations containing octyl salicylate were investigated. The formulations were formulated using homogenization proses. The particle size, flow behavior, microscopic view and absorbance of the formulations were investigated. Particle sizes of the formulations were found in range 352.7 nm - 704.2 nm. The viscosity of the formulations changed as the shear rate was varied and could be classified as non-Newtonian fluids. The viscosity decreases when the fluid undergoes longer shear stress with time. The formulations containing octyl salicylate shows higher absorbance as compared to the formulations without octyl salicylate. The addition of octyl salicylate affected the system in terms of behavior, appearance and stability.
Reactivities of variously substituted 4-heteracyclohexanones in the formation of oximes (1983)

The rates of oxime formation of 41 heterocyclic ketones have been measured at 5 °C in aqueous alcoholic solution buffered at pH 6.85. The data indicate an overall second-order reaction, first order each in ketone and hydroxylamine. In all cases investigated the reaction appears to be irreversible under the experimental conditions employed. Increased steric retardation is observed as steric crowding around the carbonyl function increases, suggesting that rate-determining attack of the hydroxylamine on the carbonyl group takes place. The rates of oxime formation for 4-piperidones, oxan-4-ones, thian-4-ones, the corresponding 1,1-dioxides, and selenan-4-ones differ significantly.
Antagonizing Integrin β3 Increases Immunosuppression in Cancer (2016)

Integrin β3 is critical for tumor invasion, neoangiogenesis, and inflammation, making it a promising cancer target. However, preclinical and clinical data of integrin β3 antagonists have demonstrated no benefit or worse outcomes. We hypothesized that integrin β3 could affect tumor immunity and evaluated tumors in mice with deletion of integrin β3 in macrophage lineage cells (β3KOM). β3KOM mice had increased melanoma and breast cancer growth with increased tumor-promoting M2 macrophages and decreased CD8(+) T cells. Integrin β3 antagonist, cilengitide, also enhanced tumor growth and increased M2 function. We uncovered a negative feedback loop in M2 myeloid cells, wherein integrin β3 signaling favored STAT1 activation, an M1-polarizing signal, and suppressed M2-polarizing STAT6 activation. Finally, disruption of CD8(+) T cells, macrophages, or macrophage integrin β3 signaling blocked the tumor-promoting effects of integrin β3 antagonism. These results suggest that effects of integrin β3 therapies on immune cells should be considered to improve outcomes. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3484-95. ©2016 AACR.
Monte Carlo study of sI hydrogen hydrates (2010)

In this study, we perform grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the hydrogen storage capacity of structure I (sI) hydrogen hydrates at pressures up to 500 MPa. Initially, we calculate the upper limit of H2 content of sI hydrates by studying the hypothetical sI hydrate, where H2 is the single guest component. It is found that the storage capacity of the hypothetical pure H2 sI hydrate could reach 3.5 wt% at 500 MPa and 274 K. Depending on pressure, the large cavities of the pure H2 hydrate can accommodate up to three H2 molecules while the small ones are singly occupied at most, even at pressures as high as 500 MPa, without any double occupancy being observed. Subsequently, the binary H2–ethylene oxide (EO) hydrate is examined. In this case, the large cavities are occupied by a single EO molecule while the small cavities can accommodate at most a single H2 molecule. Such configuration results in a maximum H2 content of only 0.37 wt%. The hydrogen storage capacity does not improve significantly even in case when EO is replaced by a component with smaller molecular weight.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Nano-scale quantum materials detected by Nitrogen vacancies in Diamond. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum‐Mediated Preparation of Cyclopentenones. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anti-fibrotic effects of tannic acid through regulation of a sustained TGF-beta receptor signaling (2019)

This study demonstrates the anti-fibrotic effect of tannic acid in vitro and in vivo through a regulation of sustained Smad2 phosphorylation.
Abstract 167: Roles of adipocytes and M2-macrophages in high-fat diet-stimulated lymph node metastasis of B16F10 melanoma (2014)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment consists of a number of distinct cell types including tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and adipocytes, and produces a wide variety of factors, which contribute to tumor progression. We previously observed that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding stimulates solid tumor growth and lymph node (LN) metastasis in mice subcutaneously injected with B16F10 melanoma cells. We also observed that HFD feeding increases the number of lipid vacuoles and M2-macrophage (M2-Mϕ)s as well as the expression of various cytokines/growth factors in tumor tissues. In the present study, we noted that HFD increased the expression of CCR7 in the tumor. The concentrations of CCL19 and CCL21, the CCR7 ligands, were significantly higher in the LN than those in tumor, and HFD feeding increased the concentrations of these ligands in the LN with negligible changes in the tumor tissue creating higher concentration gradients of these two ligands between the LN and tumor. In order to explore the interactions between tumor cells, adipocytes, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)s, and/or M2-Mϕs, we established in vitro co-culture models involving 3 distinct cell types. The mRNA levels of cytokines and growth factors were increased in B16F10 cells and M2-Mϕs when B16F10 cells, M2-Mϕs, and/or mature adipocyte (MA)s were co-cultured in a transwell system. Among these cytokines/growth factors, the mRNA levels of MCP-1 were synergistically increased in B16F10 cells when co-cultured with M2-Mϕs and MAs. The migration of monocytes was tremendously elevated when media conditioned by B16F10 cells/M2-Mϕs/MAs co-cultures was used as a chemoattractant. Furthermore, MAs increased the expression of CCR7 mRNA in B16F10 cells and the expression of CCL19 and CCL21 mRNAs in LECs. These results indicate that in HFD-fed mice, adipocytes induce MCP-1 expression and monocyte infiltration which play important roles in solid tumor growth and LN metastasis. Additionally, adipocyte-stimulated activation of CCL19, CCL21/CCR7 axis in lymphatic endothelial cells and tumor cells helps tumor cells to enter the lymphatic vessels and increased ligand concentration gradients between the LN and tumor facilitate tumor cell migration to the LN. Citation Format: Han Jin Cho, Jae In Jung, Yoo Jin Jung, Ki Won Lee, Mi-Kyung Sung, Jung Han Yoon Park. Roles of adipocytes and M2-macrophages in high-fat diet-stimulated lymph node metastasis of B16F10 melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 167. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-167