gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Global Cities to Climate Change Mitigation Overrated (2023)

Abstract Local solutions to global environment challenges form part of the Martinez-Alier style of ecological economics in Barcelona. This tends to involve an optimistic assessment of the role of cities. Here, I consider this role for the case of urban policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions. There is indeed considerable optimism about the role of cities in global reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. I appraise recent studies and conclude that they (1) do not account for the limited reach of urban policies; (2) overplay voluntary action and underplay the importance of effective regulation; (3) disregard free riding and systemic effects like carbon leakage; and (4) lack quantitative estimates of the overall contribution of cities to emissions reduction, at best providing empirical indicators that do not connect well with urban policies. I provide an initial, tentative estimate of the upper bound to the contribution of city policies worldwide to global emissions reduction as equal to 16.8%, while realistic policies are assessed to control no more than 2%. These numbers underpin that the major part of emissions generated within city borders is outside the control of local policies, instead depending on policies set by national governments.
Effects of catechin-enriched green tea beverage on visceral fat loss in adults with a high proportion of visceral fat: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (2012)

The effects of catechin-enriched green tea on Chinese adults with a high proportion of abdominal visceral fat were evaluated. Subjects (118) were randomly assigned to consume daily a beverage containing 609.3 mg catechins and 68.7 mg caffeine or a control beverage for 12 weeks. Abdominal fat area, body weight and composition were measured at week 0, week 8, and week 12. One hundred and four subjects completed the trial. Average visceral fat area, body weight, and body fat were reduced significantly by catechin-enriched green tea treatment but these effects were not seen in the control group with per-protocol sets analysis. The decrease at week 12 in the visceral fat area in the catechin group was greater than that in the control group (P = 0.04). Thus, consumption of the catechin-enriched green tea beverage for 12 weeks induced visceral fat loss in Chinese adults with a high proportion of abdominal visceral fat.
Retinal oxygen metabolism in healthy subjects and glaucoma patients (2014)

Glaucoma patients with advanced glaucoma have higher oxygen saturation in venules and lower arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation compared with healthy individuals. The decreased arteriovenous difference in severe glaucoma may be related to lower oxygen consumption secondary to neuropathy.
Differential Response of MET inhibition by Glesatinib (MGCD265) and Sitravatinib (MGCD516) in Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer and Malignant Mesothelioma (2018)

Aberrant activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET is frequently involved in malignant transformation and inhibiting its activity in dependent cancers is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Glesatinib (MGCD265) and sitravatinib (MGCD516) are next generation MET RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) and while glesatinib also targets the AXL RTK , sitravatinib inhibits a closely related spectrum of RTKs. The efficacy of these compounds in MET‐dependent non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell lines that differed with respect to MET gene expression was evaluated. Both drugs inhibited cell growth and migratory activity with similar potency in NSCLC H1993 cells with clustered MET amplification and A459 cells with ‘wild type’ MET. Also, MPM cell lines H2373 and H2461 with elevated MET expression showed comparable levels of sensitivity to either drug. Kinomics analysis of the affected pathways suggested that both drugs acted similarly, yet distinct signaling was affected when different cell lines were tested. In particular, cellular pathways associated with transformation were inhibited whereas those promoting cell death were activated upon drug treatment. Furthermore, phosphorylation of RON, which interacts with MET, and the downstream signaling molecules AKT and p44/42MAPK were also inhibited in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation. Importantly, in a pre‐clinical in vivo xenotransplant mouse model, both drugs caused significant tumor growth inhibition. Our data suggest that discerning the expression and activation status of MET and its associated signaling pathways may help guide treatment decisions concerning targeted therapies for NSCLC and MPM. Support or Funding Information The National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30CA033572 and Mirati Therapeutics. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Introduction to This Special Issue on Context-Aware Computing (2001)

Abstract Pervasive Computing is a term for the strongly emerging trend toward: --Numerous, casually accessible, often invisible computing devices. --Frequently mobile or embedded in the environment. --Connected to an increasingly ubiquitous network infrastructure composed of a wired core and wireless edges.
Suppression of Photoanodic Surface Oxidation of n-Type 6H-SiC Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes (2016)

The photoelectrochemical characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) electrodes is important for enabling a wide range of potential applications for this semiconductor. However, photocorrosion of the SiC surface remains a key challenge, because this process considerably hinders the deployment of this material into functional devices. In this report, we use cyclic voltammetry to investigate the stability of n-type 6H-SiC photoelectrodes in buffered aqueous electrolytes. For measurements in pure Tris buffer, photogenerated holes accumulate at the interface under anodic polarization, resulting in the formation of a porous surface oxide layer. Two possibilities are presented to significantly enhance the stability of the SiC photoelectrodes. In the first approach, redox molecules are added to the buffer solution to kinetically facilitate hole transfer to these molecules, and in the second approach, water oxidation in the electrolyte is induced by depositing a cobalt phosphate catalyst onto the semiconductor surface. Both methods are found to effectively suppress photocorrosion of the SiC electrodes, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The presented study provides straightforward routes to stabilize n-type SiC photoelectrodes in aqueous electrolytes, which is essential for a possible utilization of this material in the fields of photocatalysis and multimodal biosensing.
Disrupted interactions among the hippocampal, dorsal attention, and central‐executive networks in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (2018)

Abstract Neuroimaging investigations consistently demonstrate that the neural processes involve complex interactions between the large‐scale networks. Among those networks, the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the central‐executive network (CEN) have been previously shown to exhibit anti‐correlated activity with the default‐mode network (DMN) in cognitively normal people. In amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampal network (HCN)—a key memory processing system—and its interactions with other networks have gathered central interest. The current study aims to evaluate the patterns of functional architectures of the HCN with the three networks—DAN, CEN, and DMN—in amnestic MCI and normal controls (NC) to test the hypothesis that the interactions of HCN with other networks alter in MCI. We recorded the resting state functional MRI, assessed patterns of functional architectures between the four networks using dynamical causal modeling, and compared between NC and MCI. Our analysis showed that the DAN modulates the activity between the HCN and the DMN in both MCI and NC. We further uncovered that the DAN modulates the activity between the HCN and the CEN in NC, but such modulation is impaired in MCI. We found an association between impaired modulation and Montreal cognitive assessment ( R = 0.349). Overall, our findings provide important insight in understanding the neuroimaging signature of amnestic MCI and/or Alzheimer's disease.
Pharmacokinetic Characterization of LW6, a Novel Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) Inhibitor in Mice (2021)

LW6, an (aryloxyacetylamino)benzoic acid derivative, was recently identified to be an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is an attractive target for cancer therapeutics. Although LW6 is known to act by inhibiting the accumulation of HIF-1α, pharmacokinetics needs to be evaluated to assess its potential as an anti-tumor agent. Here, we investigated the plasma pharmacokinetics and metabolism of LW6 in mice. LW6 exhibited a small volume of distribution (0.5 ± 0.1 L/kg), and a short terminal half-life (0.6 ± 0.1 h). Following intravenous or oral administration, LW6 was rapidly converted to its active metabolite, (4-adamantan-1-yl-phenoxy)acetic acid (APA). Although LW6 was rapidly absorbed, its oral bioavailability, estimated using <i>AUC<sub>last</sub></i> values, was low (1.7 ± 1.8%). It was slowly degraded in mouse liver microsomes (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> > 1 h) and serum (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> > 6 h). About 54% or 44.8% of LW6 was available systemically as APA in the mouse after a single intravenous or oral administration, respectively. Thus, our results indicated the need to simultaneously consider the active metabolite as well as the parent compound for successful evaluation during lead optimization.
Tc(VII)-catalyzed oxidation of U(IV) with nitric acid in solution of TBP in n-dodecane (2007)

Oxidation of U(IV) with nitric acid in 30% solution of TBP in n-dodecane is catalyzed by Tc ions; the rate-determining steps are 3U(IV) + 2Tc(VII) → 3U(VI) + 2Tc(IV) and Tc(IV) + Tc(VII) → Tc(V) + Tc(VI). Oxidation of U(IV) is inhibited by the reaction product, HNO2, which partially binds Tc(IV) ions (TcO2+) in an inert complex. The overall rate equation of U(IV) oxidation is-d[U(IV)]/dt = k 1[U(IV)][Tc][HNO3]−3 − k 4[U(IV)]2[HNO2]2[HNO3]−1, where k 1 = 4.8 ± 1.0 mol21−2 min−1 and k 4 = (2.4 ± 1.0) × 105 12 mol−2 min−1 at 25°C, [H2O] = 0.4 M ([Tc] is the total Tc concentration in the reaction mixture). Water and U(VI) have no effect on the reaction rate.
Loss of Potassium Homeostasis Underlies Hyperthermic Conduction Failure in Control and Preconditioned Locusts (2009)

At extreme temperature, neurons cease to function appropriately. Prior exposure to a heat stress (heat shock [HS]) can extend the temperature range for action potential conduction in the axon, but how this occurs is not well understood. Here we use electrophysiological recordings from the axon of a locust visual interneuron, the descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD), to examine what physiological changes result in conduction failure and what modifications allow for the observed plasticity following HS. We show that at high temperature, conduction failure in the DCMD occurred preferentially where the axon passes through the thoracic ganglia rather than in the connective. Although the membrane potential hyperpolarized with increasing temperature, we observed a modest depolarization (3-6 mV) in the period preceding the failure. Prior to the conduction block, action potential amplitude decreased and half-width increased. Both of these failure-associated effects were attenuated following HS. Extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) increased sharply at failure and the failure event could be mimicked by the application of high [K+]o. Surges in [K+]o were muted following HS, suggesting that HS may act to stabilize ion distribution. Indeed, experimentally increased [K+]o lowered failure temperature significantly more in control animals than in HS animals and experimentally maintained [K+]o was found to be protective. We suggest that the more attenuated effects of failure on the membrane properties of the DCMD axon in HS animals is consistent with a decrease in the disruptive nature of the [K+]o-dependent failure event following HS and thus represents an adaptive mechanism to cope with thermal stress.
New Poly(β-Cyclodextrin)/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Electrospun Sub-Micrometric Fibers and Their Potential Application for Wastewater Treatments (2020)

Cyclodextrin (CD)-based polymers are known to efficiently form molecular inclusion complexes with various organic and inorganic guest compounds. In addition, they also have a great potential as metal complexes because deprotonated hydroxyls can strongly bind metal ions under alkaline conditions. The range of environmental conditions for polycyclodextrin/metal ion complexation can be extended by the polymerization of CDs with polyacids. This article describes the preparation and characterization of a new type of poly(β-cyclodextrin) (Poly-βCD) sub-micrometric fibers and explores their potential as metal ion sorbents. A water-soluble hyper-branched β-cyclodextrin polymer was blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and here used to improve the mechanical and morphological features of the fibers. Solutions with a different Poly-βCD/PVA ratio were electrospun, and the fibers were cross-linked by a post-spinning thermal treatment at 160 °C to ensure non-solubility in water. The fiber morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the curing process, and physical-chemical properties were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The capability of the insoluble cyclodextrin-based fibers to remove heavy metals from wastewaters was investigated by testing the adsorption of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results suggest that the poly(β-cyclodextrin)/poly(vinyl alcohol) sub-micrometric fibers can complex metal ions and are especially effective Cu<sup>2+</sup> sorbents, thus opening new perspectives to the development of fibers and membranes capable of removing both metal ions and organic pollutants.
Local apoptosis mediates clearance of macrophages from resolving inflammation in mice (2013)

Chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis are characterized by an accumulation of macrophages. To design therapies that would reduce macrophage burden during disease, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate macrophage removal from sites of resolving inflammation is critical. Although past studies have considered the local death of macrophages or the possibility that they emigrate out of inflammatory foci, methods to quantify death or emigration have never been employed. Here, we applied quantitative competition approaches and other methods to study resolution of thioglycollate-induced peritonitis, the model in which earlier work indicated that emigration to lymph nodes accounted for macrophage removal. We show that migration to lymph nodes occurred in a CC chemokine receptor 7-independent manner but, overall, had a quantitatively minor role in the removal of macrophages. Blocking migration did not significantly delay resolution. However, when macrophages resistant to death were competed against control macrophages, contraction of the macrophage pool was delayed in the apoptosis-resistant cells. These data refute the concept that macrophages are dominantly cleared through emigration and indicate that local death controls macrophage removal. This finding alters the emphasis on which cellular processes merit targeting in chronic diseases associated with accumulation of macrophages.
<i>In situ</i> Fourier transform infrared characterization of the plasma chemistry in varying pulsed cycles of a 1,3-butadiene discharge in an inductively coupled gaseous electronics conference cell (2005)

In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to characterize the plasma chemistry of pulsed 1,3-butadiene (H2CCHCHCH2) discharges subject to varying percentages of the duty cycle in a gaseous electronics conference cell. Variations in densities associated with the major observed spectral bands are closely examined as a function of duty cycle. The possible dissociation mechanisms responsible for all observed vibrations are investigated. For example, the data show that about 44% of CH2 stretching vibrations during continuous wave biasing are due to free CH2 daughter species, while only bound CH2 are observed during pulsing of the discharge. This indicates that only the π bond of the CC bond is cleaved during pulsed mode operation, with the σ being cleaved during cw biasing.
The influence of arm composition on the self-assembly of low-functionality telechelic star polymers in dilute solutions (2020)

Abstract We combine synthesis, physical experiments, and computer simulations to investigate self-assembly patterns of low-functionality telechelic star polymers (TSPs) in dilute solutions. In particular, in this work, we focus on the effect of the arm composition and length on the static and dynamic properties of TSPs, whose terminal blocks are subject to worsening solvent quality upon reducing the temperature. We find two populations, single stars and clusters, that emerge upon worsening the solvent quality of the outer block. For both types of populations, their spatial extent decreases with temperature, with the specific details (such as temperature at which the minimal size is reached) depending on the coupling between inter- and intra-molecular associations as well as their strength. The experimental results are in very good qualitative agreement with coarse-grained simulations, which offer insights into the mechanism of thermoresponsive behavior of this class of materials.
M Ficolin: Diffusion dynamics from Blood to Cerebrospinal Fluid (2018)

INTRODUCTION Ficolins belong to the lectins family. They activate the complement system as an effect in defence of the carrier, and play a very important role in the innate immunity. Three kinds of human Ficolins were earlier described: L, H and M ones. The theory of molecular dissemination is the basis of the behavior's approach from these proteins that can be found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). OBJECTIVE To demonstrate through the dynamic of the dissemination from blood to CSF and its concentrations the different ways of molecular adding towards CSF and its action in this biological liquid. METHODS 80 serum and CSF paired samples were obtained from control persons without neuroinflammation process and without oligoclonal IgG bands. M ficolin and albumin were quantified by ELISA and by an immunoturbidimetric analysis. Q albumin=CSF albumin/serum albumin and Q, M Ficolin=CSF M Ficolin/serum M ficolin was calculated. To calculate the different aggregation forms were determinate the inflection points of the frequency distribution of M ficolin vs. Q M Ficolin taking into account that the more complex structure should diffuse more than a most simple one. RESULTS Serum and CSF M ficolin did not follow a normal distribution according to Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. Mean values of M ficolin in serum was higher than its mean content in CSF. CSF M ficolin concentration increased with the increase of Q albumin. M ficolin is not a brain‐derived protein. Three inflection points was determined. (Table 1 and figure 1). G‐1, G‐2, G‐3 described the subpopulation of samples diffusion limited by their molecular weight and its aggregation structure. CONCLUSION M ficolin is a predominant blood‐derived protein and the diffusion from blood to CSF indicates three aggregation forms. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Supplementary Data from Silencing of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 &lt;i&gt;In situ&lt;/i&gt; by RNA Interference for Breast Cancer: Implications for Proliferation and Migration &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and Metastasis &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; (2023)

Supplementary Data from Silencing of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 &lt;i&gt;In situ&lt;/i&gt; by RNA Interference for Breast Cancer: Implications for Proliferation and Migration &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and Metastasis &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Coverage of renewable powered cellular networks (2014)

Powering a radio access network using renewables such as wind and solar power promises dramatic reduction of the network operation cost and of the networks' carbon footprints. However, the spatial variation of the energy field can lead to fluctuation in power supplied to the network and thereby affects its coverage. To quantify the effect, the paper considers a cellular downlink network with hexagonal cells and powered by harvesting energy. The network coverage of mobiles is specified by an outage constraint. A novel model of the energy field is developed using stochastic geometry. In the model, fixed maximum energy intensity occurs at Poisson distributed locations, called energy centers; the intensities fall off from the centers following an exponential-decay function of squared distance; the energy intensity at an arbitrary location is given by the decayed intensity from the nearest energy center. First, consider single harvesters deployed on the same sites as base stations (BSs). The mobile outage probability is shown to decrease exponentially with the product of the energy-field parameters: the energy-center density and exponential rate of the energy-decay function. Next, consider distributed harvesters whose generated energy is aggregated and then re-distributed to BSs. As the number of harvesters per aggregator increases, the power supplied to each BS is shown to converge to a constant proportional to the number of harvesters per BS, which counteracts the randomness of the energy field.
Proposed Experiment for Testing Quantum Contextuality with Neutrons (2008)

We show that an experimental demonstration of quantum contextuality using 2 degrees of freedom of single neutrons based on a violation of an inequality derived from the Peres-Mermin proof of the Kochen-Specker theorem would be more conclusive than those obtained from previous experiments involving pairs of ions [M. A. Rowe, Nature (London) 409, 791 (2001)10.1038/35057215] and single neutrons [Y. Hasegawa, Nature (London) 425, 45 (2003)10.1038/nature01881] based on violations of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-like inequalities.
Quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy with enhanced nuclear phase contrast using acetic acid (2023)

Quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM) enables quantitative phase imaging (QPI) in thick samples using epi-illumination. While qOBM offers unprecedented access to refractive index (RI) information in arbitrarily thick scattering samples, QPI-based (or RI index based) imaging still suffers from low cell nuclear contrast, which important for disease detection, including cancer. In this work, we use the acetowhitening effect of acetic acid to enhance the nuclear phase contrast of thick fresh tissue samples. Imaging results from brain samples are presented. Acetic acid phase staining may have important implications for in-vivo QPI-based disease detection