gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brainstem Glioma in Adults (2016)

Brainstem gliomas are not nearly as common in adults as they are in children. They are likely the final common consequence not of a single disease process but of several. They can be difficult to diagnose, and are challenging to treat. Clinical studies of this diagnosis are few and generally small. Because of these factors, our understanding of the biology of adult brainstem glioma is incomplete. However, the knowledge base is growing and progress is being made. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge for brainstem glioma in adults and identify key areas for which additional information is required.
Statistics of Wave Dynamics in Random Media (1999)

We measure the joint distribution of the energy transmission coefficient ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ and the single channel delay time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ for microwave radiation propagating through a random medium in the limit of zero pulse bandwidth. For fixed ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ the distribution of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ is Gaussian with variance inversely proportional to ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$. In contradistinction to ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$, the dynamic matrix element ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{\mathrm{ab}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ has substantial long-range correlation with frequency shift. We present a new dynamic theory for a Gaussian process, which is in excellent agreement with experiment.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Methylation of Aromatic Amines with Formic Acid as the Unique Carbon and Hydrogen Source. (2015)

Abstract The formation of the N—Me group proceeds via a formylation/transfer hydrogenation pathway.
Entangled-photon generation from parametric down-conversion in media with inhomogeneous nonlinearity (2002)

We develop and experimentally verify a theory of type II spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in media with inhomogeneous distributions of second-order nonlinearity. As a special case, we explore interference effects from SPDC generated in a cascade of two bulk crystals separated by an air gap. The polarization quantum-interference pattern is found to vary strongly with the spacing between the two crystals. This is found to be a cooperative effect due to two mechanisms: the chromatic dispersion of the medium separating the crystals and spatiotemporal effects that arise from the inclusion of transverse wave vectors. These effects provide two concomitant avenues for controlling the quantum state generated in SPDC. We expect these results to be of interest for the development of quantum technologies and the generation of SPDC in periodically varying nonlinear materials.
The beamline for the second axis of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility (2003)

During normal DARHT II operation, the beam exiting the accelerator will be well characterized by its nominal design parameters of 20-MeV, 2000-Amperes, 2-/spl mu/sec-pulse length, and 3 cm-mr unnormalized emittance. Normal operation will have the beam delivered to a beam dump via several DC magnets. A 2-way kicker magnet is used to deflect portions of the beam into the straight ahead beamline leading to either a diagnostic beamline or to the converter target beamline. During start up and or beam development periods, the beam exiting the accelerator may have parameters outside the acceptable range of values for normal operation. The Enge beamline must accommodate this range of unacceptable beam parameters, delivering the entire 80 KiloJoule of beam to the dump even though the energy, emittance, and/or match is outside the nominal design range.
T helper subsets changes in alemtuzumab multiple sclerosis treated patients: the recovery of immune system capacity as a possible indicator to treatment (2015)

International audience
Inhibition of SIV/SMM Replication In Vitro by CD8 <sup>+</sup> Cells From SIV/SMM Infected Seropositive Clinically Asymptomatic Sooty Mangabeys (1990)

Several investigators have demonstrated the ability of CD8+ T cells from HIV-1 infected humans and SIV infected rhesus macaques to inhibit viral replication in vitro. In this report we show that CD8+ cells from naturally SIV infected sooty mangabeys also have the ability to inhibit viral replication in vitro. In addition, initial experiments which seek to elucidate the mechanism and antigen specificity of CD8-mediated suppression are described.
Rational Design and Facile Synthesis of a Highly Tunable Quinoline-Based Fluorescent Small-Molecule Scaffold for Live Cell Imaging (2018)

Small-molecule fluorescent probes are powerful tools for chemical biology; however, despite the large number of probes available, there is still a need for a simple fluorogenic scaffold, which allows for the rational design of molecules with predictable photophysical properties and is amenable to concise synthesis for high-throughput screening. Here, we introduce a highly modular quinoline-based probe containing three strategic domains that can be easily engineered and optimized for various applications. Such domains are allotted for (1) compound polarization, (2) tuning of photophysical properties, and (3) structural diversity. We successfully synthesized our probes in two steps from commercially available starting materials in overall yields of up to 95%. Facile probe synthesis was permitted by regioselective palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, which enables combinatorial development of structurally diverse quinoline-based fluorophores. We have further applied our probes to live-cell imaging, utilizing their unique two-stage fluorescence response to intracellular pH. These studies provide a full demonstration of our strategy in rational design and stream-lined probe discovery to reveal the diverse potential of quinoline-based fluorescent compounds.
Dynamic enhancement of semiconductor lasers in the present of coherent feedback (1993)

A harmonic conversion approach is presented for the enhancement of the dynamic of semiconductor laser. By efficient transfer of power to the desired harmonic of a directly modulated semiconductor laser diode, the modulation bandwidth will be extended. The focus of this study is a laser diode with an external cavity, of which the resonant frequency matches to the fourth harmonic of the modulation signal. The number of modes of the laser with optical feedback is increased as the external cavity modes matches up with the Fabry-Perot cavity modes. The experimental results show that the fourth harmonic is enhanced by ≈ 23dB from the case of without feedback.
Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Splats and Pores on the Thermal Fracture of Air Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings (2019)

Abstract The effect of splat interfaces on the fracture behavior of air plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (APS-TBC) is analyzed using finite element modeling involving cohesive elements. A multiscale approach is adopted in which the explicitly resolved top coat microstructural features are embedded in a larger domain. Within the computational cell, splat interfaces are modeled as being located on a sinusoidal interface in combination with a random distribution of pores. Parametric studies are conducted for different splat interface waviness, spacing, pore volume fraction and fracture properties of the splat interface. The results are quantified in terms of crack nucleation temperature and total microcrack length. It is found that the amount of cracking in TBCs actually decreases with increased porosity up to a critical volume fraction. In contrast, the presence of splats is always detrimental to the TBC performance. This detrimental effect is reduced for the splat interfaces with high waviness and spacing compared to those with low waviness and spacing. The crack initiation temperature was found to be linearly dependent on the normal fracture properties of the splat interface. Insights derived from the numerical results aid in engineering the microstructure of practical TBC systems for improved resistance against thermal fracture.
CRITTER (1988)

The CRITTER system is being developed to translate agricultural market reports between English and French. It is based on a transfer model, and designed to be reversible. The source and target language texts are described by means of: a) a surface syntactic representation consisting of a tree annotated with feature structures, built by an extraposition grammar, and b) a semantic representation exhibiting predicate argument structures and constrained by type checking, built in parallel with the syntactic structure in compositional fashion. CRITTERS's implementation is still incomplete, but results obtained so far are promising.
High-Speed Multiplexed Spatiotemporally Resolved Measurements of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Dynamics in a Multi-Cylinder Engine Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (2016)

The need for more environmentally friendly and efficient energy conversion is of paramount importance in developing and designing next-generation internal combustion (IC) engines for transportation applications. One effective solution to reducing emissions of mono-nitrogen oxides (NOx) is exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), which has been widely implemented in modern vehicles. However, cylinder-to-cylinder and cycle-to-cycle variations in the charge-gas uniformity can be a major barrier to optimum EGR implementation on multi-cylinder engines, and can limit performance, stability, and efficiency. Precise knowledge and fine control over the EGR system is therefore crucial, particularly for optimizing advanced engine concepts such as reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI). An absorption-based laser diagnostic was developed to study spatiotemporal charge-gas distributions in an IC engine intake manifold in real-time. The laser was tuned to an absorption band of carbon dioxide (CO2), a standard exhaust-gas marker, near 2.7 µm. The sensor was capable of probing four separate measurement locations simultaneously, and independently analyzing EGR fraction at speeds of 5 kHz (1.2 crank-angle degree (CAD) at 1 k RPM) or faster with high accuracy. The probes were used to study spatiotemporal EGR non-uniformities in the intake manifold and ultimately promote the development of more efficient and higher performance engines.
New Transfer Functions for Simulation of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs With Dual-Porosity Models (2004)

Abstract This paper discusses new techniques for the modeling and simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs with dual porosity models. Most of the existing dual porosity models idealize matrix-fracture interaction by assuming orthogonal fracture systems (parallelepiped matrix blocks) and pseudo-steady state flow. More importantly, a direct generalization of single-phase flow equations is used to model multi-phase flow, which can lead to significant inaccuracies in multiphase flow behavior predictions. In this work, many of these existing limitations are removed in order to arrive at a transfer function more representative of real reservoirs. Firstly, combining the differential form of the single-phase transfer function with analytical solutions of the pressure diffusion equation, an analytical form for a shape factor for transient pressure diffusion is derived to corroborate its time dependence. Further, a pseudo-steady shape factor for rhombic fracture systems is also derived and its effect on matrix-fracture mass transfer demonstrated. Finally, a general numerical technique to calculate the shape factor for any arbitrary shape of the matrix block (i.e. non-orthogonal fractures) is proposed. This technique also accounts for both transient and pseudo-steady state pressure behavior. The results were verified against fine-grid single porosity models and were found to be in excellent agreement. Secondly, it is shown that the current form of the transfer function used in reservoir simulators does not fully account for the main mechanisms governing multiphase flow. A complete definition of the differential form of the transfer function for two-phase flow is derived and combined with the governing equations for pressure and saturation diffusion to arrive at a modified form of the transfer function for two-phase flow. The new transfer function accurately takes into account pressure diffusion (fluid expansion) and saturation diffusion (imbibition), which are the two main mechanisms driving multiphase matrix-fracture mass transfer. New shape factors for saturation diffusion are defined. It is shown that the prediction of wetting phase imbibition using the current form of the transfer function can be quite inaccurate, which might have significant consequences from the perspective of reservoir management. Fine grid single porosity models are used to verify the validity of the new transfer function. The results from single block dual porosity models and the corresponding single porosity fine grid models were in good agreement.
Toxic terpenoids from higher fungi and their possible role in chemical defence systems (1995)

Un nombre considerable de terpenoides biologiquement actifs, ayant par exemple des activites antibiotiques, repulsives et mutagenes, ont ete trouves dans des champignons. Pour un grand nombre d'entre eux, les activites biologiques sont liees a la presence de fonctions chimiques reactives (p. ex. cetones et lactones α,β-insaturees), et il a ete propose qu'ils etaient en realite des composes de defense. Les sesquiterpgnes cytotoxiques responsables du gout âcre de la chair d'especes de Lactarius piquantes en sont un exemple. Il est interessant de noter que les sesquiterpenes ne sont pas presents originairement dans la chair du champignon, mais sont ulterieurement formes de facon enzymatique a partir de precurseurs sesquiterpenoides biologiquement inactifs et n'ayant aucun gout lorsque le champignon est attaque. Differentes especes comme L. vellereus, L. piperatus et L. necator, forment differents ensembles de sesquiterpenes piquants en tant que reponse a une attaque, et il est possible de distinguer des especes tres proches par leurs sesquiterpenes formes
FIRST AND SECOND ORDER WAVE FORCES ON FLOATING BODIES FROM FAR-FIELD RELATIONS (1991)

Some wave forces (radiation damping and horizontal drift forces) on floating bodies may be expressed in terms of far-field properties, specifically the Kochin function which is proportional to the wave amplitude at infinite. Several of these results depend on azimuthal integrations, which have been performed numerically. The present work however, shows some analytical results concerning the latter integration which improve the computational method in terms of both precision and speed.
The strong reactions of Lewis-base noble-metals with vanadium and other acidic transition metals (1991)

The noble metals often thought of as unreactive solids,react strongly with nearly 40% of the elements in the periodictable: group IIIB-VB transition metals, lanthanides, theactinides, and group IIIA-IVA non-transition metals. These strong reactions arise from increased bonding/electron transfer fromnonbonding electrons d electron pairs on the noble metal tovacant orbitals on V, etc. This effect is a generalized Lewis acid-base interaction. The partial Gibbs energy of V in the noblemetals has been measured as a function of concentration at a temperature near 1000C. Thermodynamics of the intermetallics are determined by ternary oxide equilibria, ternary carbide equilibria, and the high-temperature galvanic cell technique. These experimental methods use equilibrated solid composite mixtures in which grains of V oxides or of V carbides are interspersed with grains of V-NM(noble-metal) alloys. In equilibrium the activity of V in the oxide or the carbide equals the activity in the alloy. Consequently, the thermodynamics available in the literature for the V oxides and V carbides are reviewed. Test runs on the galvanic cell were attempted. The V oxide electrode reacts with CaF2, ThO2, YDT(0.85ThO2-0.15YO1.5), and LDT(0.85ThO2- 0.15LaO1.5) to interfere with the measured data observed toward the beginning of a galvanic cell experiment are the most accurate. The interaction of vanadium at infinite dilution in the noble-metals was determined.
Biallelic mutations in IRF8 impair human NK cell maturation and function (2016)

Human NK cell deficiencies are rare yet result in severe and often fatal disease, particularly as a result of viral susceptibility. NK cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells, and few monogenic errors that specifically interrupt NK cell development have been reported. Here we have described biallelic mutations in IRF8, which encodes an interferon regulatory factor, as a cause of familial NK cell deficiency that results in fatal and severe viral disease. Compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations in IRF8 in 3 unrelated families resulted in a paucity of mature CD56dim NK cells and an increase in the frequency of the immature CD56bright NK cells, and this impairment in terminal maturation was also observed in Irf8-/-, but not Irf8+/-, mice. We then determined that impaired maturation was NK cell intrinsic, and gene expression analysis of human NK cell developmental subsets showed that multiple genes were dysregulated by IRF8 mutation. The phenotype was accompanied by deficient NK cell function and was stable over time. Together, these data indicate that human NK cells require IRF8 for development and functional maturation and that dysregulation of this function results in severe human disease, thereby emphasizing a critical role for NK cells in human antiviral defense.
Tomography of Cells by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Computer-assisted Three-dimensional Image Reconstruction: Localization of Cathepsin B in Tumor Cells Penetrating Collagen Gels In Vitro (1997)

We used the nondestructive procedures of confocal laser scanning microscopy in combination with computer-assisted methods to visualize tumor cells in the process of penetrating collagen gels. Three independent sets of images were collected. The image information of all data sets was combined into one image, giving a three-dimensional (3D) impression at high light microscopic resolution and sensitivity. We collected information about the extracellular matrix using the reflection mode, the cell surface/morphology by staining with the fluorescent dye DiOC6(3), and the distribution of cathepsin B by Cy-3-labeled immunolocalization. The specific aim of our study was visualization of the spatial relationship of cell organelles as far as they contain the enzyme cathepsin B to cell morphology and motility in a 3D model of extracellular matrix. The majority of the enzyme was localized pericellularly, with no visible relationship to the direction of movement. However, substantial amounts also appeared in intramatrix pseudopodia and associated with the extracellular face of the plasma membrane, which may be indicative either of secretion and/or epicellular activity. Our approach has general applicability to study of the spatial relationships of cell compartments and their possible reorganization over time. This could open new horizons in understanding cell structure and function.
An Origami Perovskite Photodetector with Spatial Recognition Ability (2017)

Flexible photodetectors are attracting substantial attention because of their promising applications in bendable display and smart clothes which cannot be fulfilled by the existing rigid counterparts. In this work, we demonstrate a newly designed photodetector constructed on the common printing paper. Pencil trace was applied as the graphite electrode. With such a simple and convenient method, the as-prepared photodetector exhibited a satisfactory responsivity of 4.4 mA/W, on/off current ratio of 32, coupled with a high response speed of <10 ms. It also demonstrated excellent mechanical flexibility and durability. Most inspiringly, by an ingenious origami, we created the first perovskite photodetector with a 3D configuration. The cubic photodetector array displayed an excellent spatial recognition ability which could not be achieved in all the previously reported 2D photodetectors. Such a fusion of materials science and the art of origami provides a robust strategy for the design of low-cost flexible electronics, especially for the applications in 3D configurations.
Polymer-Ceramic Composite Scaffold Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2006)

One of the design goals of the ideal tissue-engineered bone graft is ostoinductivity, the ability to induce the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and progenitor cells. In this study, we evaluated the osteoinductive potential of a polymer-ceramic composite in vitro. This composite has been shown to be biodegradable, osteoconductive, and osteointegrative in previous studies. It is hypothesized that this composite will enhance osteoblastic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), and that this inductive potential is substrate-dependent. Human MSCs were cultured on PLGA-BG composite scaffolds and their growth and differentiation were assessed over a four-week period. Composite scaffolds of PLGA and hydroxyapatite (HA), and hMSC cultures treated with osteogenic medium served as controls. It was found that hMSCs grown on PLGA-BG composite scaffolds expressed osteogenic markers without osteogenic media stimulation. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity peaked significantly earlier on the PLGA-BG composite compared to that on the PLGA scaffolds. The findings of this study collectively demonstrate the osteoinductivity of the PLGA-BG composite and its potential as a bone tissue engineering scaffold.
Superior protein titers in half the fermentation time: Promoter and process engineering for the glucose‐regulated <i>GTH1</i> promoter of <i>Pichia pastoris</i> (2018)

Protein production in Pichia pastoris is often based on the methanol-inducible P <sub>AOX1</sub> promoter which drives the expression of the target gene. The use of methanol has major drawbacks, so there is a demand for alternative promoters with good induction properties such as the glucose-regulated P <sub>GTH1</sub> promoter which we reported recently. To further increase its potential, we investigated its regulation in more details by the screening of promoter variants harboring deletions and mutations. Thereby we could identify the main regulatory region and important putative transcription factor binding sites of P <sub>GTH1</sub> . Concluding from that, yeast metabolic regulators, monomeric Gal4-class motifs, carbon source-responsive elements, and yeast GC-box proteins likely contribute to the regulation of the promoter. We engineered a P <sub>GTH1</sub> variant with greatly enhanced induction properties compared with that of the wild-type promoter. Based on that, a model-based bioprocess design for high volumetric productivity in a limited time was developed for the P <sub>GTH1</sub> variant, to employ a glucose fed-batch strategy that clearly outperformed a classical methanol fed-batch of a P <sub>AOX1</sub> strain in terms of titer and process performance.