gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minifragment Screw Fixation of Oblique Metacarpal Fractures: A Biomechanical Analysis of Screw Types and Techniques (2008)

The lag screw technique has historically been a successful and accepted way to treat oblique metacarpal fractures. However, it does take additional time and involve multiple steps that can increase the risk of fracture propagation or comminution in the small hand bones of the hand. An alternate fixation technique uses bicortical interfragmentary screws. Other studies support the clinical effectiveness and ease of this technique. The purpose of this study is to biomechanically assess the strength of the bicortical interfragmentary screw versus that of the traditional lag screw. Using 48 cadaver metacarpals, oblique osteotomies were created and stabilized using one of four methods: 1.5 mm bicortical interfragmentary (IF) screw, 1.5 mm lag technique screw, 2.0 mm bicortical IF screw, or 2.0 mm lag technique screw. Biomechanical testing was performed to measure post cyclic displacement and load to failure. Data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no significant difference among the fixation techniques with regard to both displacement and ultimate failure strength. There was a slight trend for a higher load to failure with the 2.0 mm IF screw and 2.0 mm lag screw compared to the 1.5 mm IF and 1.5 mm lag screws, but this was not significant. Our results support previously established clinical data that bicortical interfragmentary screw fixation is an effective treatment option for oblique metacarpal fractures. This technique has clinical importance because it is an option to appropriately stabilize the often small and difficult to control fracture fragments encountered in metacarpal fractures.
Aggregation-induced emission active D-π-A binaphthyl luminophore with dual-mode fluorescence (2014)

A novel aggregation-induced emission active dye consisting of a simple and highly solvatochromic D-π-A type 1,1′-binaphthyl chromophore was synthesised. The new dye exhibited dual-mode fluorescence in response to different types of restriction of intramolecular rotation; aggregation induces green emission, and blue emission is observed in a glassy matrix.
H/sub /spl infin// filtering of nonlinear sampled-data systems with parameter uncertainties (1999)

This paper considers the problem of nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// filtering for sampled-data systems with nonlinear time-varying parameter uncertainty. The objective is to design a dynamic filter such that the ratio between the energy of the estimation errors and the energy of the exogenous inputs is minimized or guaranteed to be less or equal to a prescribed value for all admissible uncertainties. The connection between the robust nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// filtering and the nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// filtering problem for sampled-data system without uncertainty has been established. This connection enables us to solve the robust H/sub /spl infin// filtering problem via recently developed nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// filtering technique in terms of both continuous and discrete Hamilton-Jacobi equations.
One-step synthesis of imidazoles from Asmic (anisylsulfanylmethyl isocyanide) (2021)

Substituted imidazoles are readily prepared by condensing the versatile isocyanide Asmic, anisylsulfanylmethylisocyanide, with nitrogenous π-electrophiles. Deprotonating Asmic with lithium hexamethyldisilazide effectively generates a potent nucleophile that efficiently intercepts nitrile and imine electrophiles to afford imidazoles. In situ cyclization to the imidazole is promoted by the conjugate acid, hexamethyldisilazane, which facilitates the requisite series of proton transfers. The rapid formation of imidazoles and the interchange of the anisylsulfanyl for hydrogen with Raney nickel make the method a valuable route to mono- and disubstituted imidazoles.
Radiographic Predictors of Compartment Syndrome in Tibial Plateau Fractures (2013)

Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hydrodynamics, viscous electron fluid, and Wiedeman-Franz law in 2D semiconductors (2022)

Considering theoretically the transition between hydrodynamic and ballistic regimes in 2D semiconductors, we show that electrons in high-mobility 2D GaAs are by far the best system for the direct observation of collective hydrodynamic effects even in bulk transport properties independent of complicated transport features in narrow constrictions and small systems where Gurzhi phenomena are typically studied experimentally. We predict a strong hydrodynamics-induced generic violation of the Wiedeman-Franz law in bulk 2D GaAs systems for mobilities as modest as $10^6 \mathrm{cm}^2/Vs$ and densities $1$-$5\times10^{11} \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$ in the temperature range of $T=1$-$40K$.
Muting, not fragmentation, of functional brain networks under general anesthesia (2020)

Abstract Changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) under general anesthesia have been widely studied with the goal of identifying neural signatures of consciousness. This work has commonly revealed an apparent fragmentation of whole-brain network structure during unconsciousness, which has been interpreted as reflecting a break-down in connectivity and disruption in the brains ability to integrate information. Here we show, by studying rs-FC under varying depths of isoflurane-induced anesthesia in nonhuman primates, that this apparent fragmentation, rather than reflecting an actual change in network structure, can be simply explained as the result of a global reduction in FC. Specifically, by comparing the actual FC data to surrogate data sets that we derived to test competing hypotheses of how FC changes as a function of dose, we found that increases in whole-brain modularity and the number of network communities considered hallmarks of fragmentation are artifacts of constructing FC networks by thresholding based on correlation magnitude. Taken together, our findings suggest that deepening levels of unconsciousness are instead associated with the increasingly muted expression of functional networks, an observation that constrains current interpretations as to how anesthesia-induced FC changes map onto existing neurobiological theories of consciousness.
Gas identification based on bias induced hysteresis of a gas-sensitive SiC field effect transistor (2014)

Abstract. In this work dynamic variation of gate bias is used on a gas-sensitive SiC field effect transistor ("GasFET") to optimize its sensitivity and increase its selectivity. Gate bias ramps introduce strong hysteresis in the sensor signal. The shape of this hysteresis is shown to be an appropriate feature both for the discrimination of various gases (ammonia, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide and methane) as well as for different gas concentrations (250 and 500 ppm). The shape is very sensitive to ambient conditions as well as to the bias sweep rate. Thus, the influences of oxygen concentration, relative humidity, sensor temperature and cycle duration, i.e., sweep rate, are investigated and reasons for the observed signal changes, most importantly the existence of at least two different and competing processes taking place simultaneously, are discussed. Furthermore, it is shown that even for very fast cycles, in the range of seconds, the gas-induced shape change in the signal is strong enough to achieve a reliable separation of gases using gate bias cycled operation and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) making this approach suitable for practical application.
Effects of double stocking and weighing frequency on pig performance in wean-to-finish production systems1 (2002)

Two studies were carried out in different wean-to-finish barns to determine the effects of double stocking on pig growth performance. In Study 1, pigs (n = 1,560) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: initial stocking treatment (Single [52 pigs/pen] vs Double [104 pigs/pen] stocked for 10 wk after weaning) and weighing frequency (High [12 times during the study] vs Low [3 times]) on pig performance from weaning (5.9+/-0.01 kg BW; 17 d of age) to harvest (114+/-0.67 kg BW). Floor and feeder space per pig were 0.650 m2 and 4 cm and 0.325 m2 and 2 cm for the single- and double-stocked treatments, respectively. In Study 2, pigs (n = 1,458) were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate two initial stocking treatments (Single [27 pigs] vs Double [54 pigs] stocked for 10 wk after weaning) on pig performance from weaning (4.8+/-0.01 kg BW; 15 d of age) to harvest (24 wk after weaning). Floor and feeder space per pig were 0.640 m2 and 3.4 cm and 0.320 m2 and 1.7 cm for single- and double-stocked pens, respectively. In both studies, double-stocked pigs were split at the end of wk 10 into two equal-sized groups of similar mean BW and CV of BW, and one group was moved to a different pen in the same building. In Study 1, performance was not affected (P > 0.10) by frequency of weighing. For the first 10 wk after weaning, the Double compared to the Single treatment had lower ADG (7.7 and 7.9%, for Studies 1 and 2, respectively; P < 0.001) and lighter pigs at wk 10 (6.8 and 7.3%, respectively; P < 0.001). During the first 10 wk in Study 1, Double compared to the Single pigs had lower ADFI (7%; P < 0.001) but similar gain:feed (P > 0.10). From wk 11 to harvest, pigs on Double and Single treatments had similar (P > 0.10) ADG in both studies and, in Study 1, ADFI was unaffected by initial stocking treatment, but double-stocked pigs had greater gain:feed (4%, P < 0.01). Double-stocked pigs required an additional 2 d to reach a fixed harvest BW (P < 0.05) in Study 1 and were lighter (4%; P < 0.05) at 24 wk after weaning in Study 2. Carcass measures were similar (P > 0.10) for double- and single-stocked pigs. Double-stocked pigs that were moved at the end of 10 wk had growth performance similar (P > 0.10) to those that remained in the original pen. In summary, double stocking reduced growth rate to 10 wk after weaning but subsequently had no effect on growth rate and improved feed efficiency.
Space charge effects in the SSC low energy booster (2002)

By means of multiparticle tracking, the authors explore space charge effects in the Low Energy Booster (LEB) which has a strong requirement for small transverse emittance. Macro-particles are tracked in a self-consistent manner in six-dimensional phase space with transverse space charge kicks so that the emittance evolution and the particle distribution are simulated as a function of time. Among recent improvements of the code, the longitudinal motion, i.e. synchrotron oscillations and acceleration, makes it possible to simulate the capture process of linac microbunches. The code was calibrated by comparing with the experimental results at the Fermilab Booster. Preliminary results of the LEB show slow emittance growth due to the space charge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stereochemical Assignment and Biological Evaluation of BE-14106 Unveils the Importance of One Acetate Unit for the Antifungal Activity of Polyene Macrolactams (2016)

Heronamides are a class of potent antifungal metabolites produced by marine-derived actinomycetes. The number of hydroxy groups and the stereochemistry of the two hydroxylated methine carbons are important for the activity of heronamide C, whereas the effect of the hydrocarbon chains is not known. In this study, the stereochemistry and the biological activity of BE-14106, another member of the heronamide class of antibiotics, isolated from an actinomycete Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus IFM 11549 was investigated. Spectroscopic analysis coupled with photo- and O2-induced conversion revealed that BE-14106 and the heronamides had the same stereochemistry. BE-14106 showed potent growth inhibition against fission yeast cells with an MIC value of 0.50 μM (0.21 μg/mL), being 4 times less potent than heronamide C, which revealed the importance of the structure of the hydrocarbon tail for the activity.
Computation of intrinsic permeability from measured permeability: soft ferromagnetic thin films (1994)

In this paper, we use Newton's method to compute intrinsic permeability from measured or extrinsic permeability in soft ferromagnetic materials. We first solve the non-linear intrinsic permeability equation, then we evaluate solution sensitivity with respect to experimental input data. We show that measured data are excellent starting points for the first Newton iteration, leading to an almost sure convergence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and characterisation of bis[(methylthio)carbonyl]polysulphanes (1984)

Bis[(methylthio)carbonyl]polysulphanes with a linear chain of 1–6 sulphurs have been prepared and characterised; in particular X-ray crystallographic analyses proved the structures of the tri- and tetra-sulphanes. The tri-to hexa-sulphanes were formed by reactions of O,S-dimethyl dithiocarbonate with the appropriate dichlorosulphane containing two less sulphurs. The disulphane was prepared by chlorination of O-t-butyl S-methyl dithiocarbonate or by controlled desulphurisation of the trisulphane using triphenylphosphine; further desulphurisation provided the monosulphide. (Methylthio)carbonylsulphenyl chloride is proposed as an intermediate in the above chlorination; it was synthesised by an indirect route and shown to rearrange to its isomer, (methyldithio)carbonyl chloride.
Characterization of gan schottky barrier photodiodes with a low-temperature GaN Cap layer (2004)

By using organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE), we have prepared i-GaN/low-temperature (LT) GaN/Ni/Au (sample A) and i-GaN/Ni/Au (sample B) Schottky barrier ultraviolet (UV) photodiodes (PDs). It was found that we could significantly reduce leakage current and achieve a much larger photocurrent to dark current contrast ratio by introducing a LT GaN on top of the conventional nitride-based UV PDs. With incident light wavelength of 350 nm and a -1 V reverse bias, it was found that the measured responsivity was around 0.1 A/W and 0.37 A/W for sample A and sample B, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the operation speed of sample A is slower than that of sample B due to the highly resistive LT-GaN layer induced large RC time constant.
Using gravel to reduce soil losses from minimum-standard forest roads (1987)

ABSTRACT: Soil losses were monitored for 4 years on 11 sections of forest road in the central Appalachians. The roads were used for both timber management and recreation. Nine road sections were located on a newly constructed, minimum-standard truck road and two sections were on a graveled, higher standard road. Average annual soil losses ranged from 47 tons/acre on the ungraveled road sections to 6 tons/acre on the sections surfaced with 3 inches of clean limestone gravel. After the first year, traffic counts averaged 33/week on the minimum-standard road and 60/week on the higher standard road. Soil losses on the graveled sections of the minimum-standard road were similar to those measured on the higher standard road.
An Access-Control Calculus for Spanning Administrative Domains (1999)

In our quest to give users uniform access to resources unimpeded by administrative boundaries, we discovered that we needed transitive sharing among users, with the possibility of restricted access along each sharing link. To achieve that goal, we extend Lampson et al.&amp;apos;s calculus for access control to support restricted delegations. We discuss the advantages of our extension, including the simplification of constructs like ACLs and statement expiration. We also apply our extension to model the Simple Public Key Infrastructure and make suggestions about its future development. Our extended calculus exposes some surprising consequences in such systems that use restricted delegation. 1 Introduction Users should be able to access resources uniformly, seamlessly crossing administrative boundaries when they are not relevant to the task the user is trying to accomplish. One of the most di#cult aspects of achieving that goal is finding an architecture for security that spans administrative d...
Image acquisition, evaluation and segmentation of thermal cutting edges using a mobile device (2019)

In sheet metal production the quality of a cut determines the conditions for a possible postprocessing. Considering the roughness as a parameter for assessing the quality of the cut edge, different techniques have been developed that use texture analysis and convolutional neural networks. All methods available require the use of appropriate equipment and work only in fixed light conditions. In order to discover new applications in the contexts of Industry 4.0, there is a necessity to go beyond their intrinsic limits as camera types and light condition while ensuring the same level of performance. Taking into account the strong increase of the smartphones features in recent years and the fact that their performance in some respect is now comparable to that of a PC with a middle-range mirrorless camera, it is no longer utopian to think of a new out-of-the-box use of these devices that employs the capability in a new way and in a new context. Therefore, we present a method that uses a mobile device with a camera to guarantee images of sufficient quality that can be used for further processing in order to determine the quality of the metal sheet edge. After the image acquisition of the sheet metal edge in real condition of use, the method uses a trained deep neural network to identify the sheet metal edge present in the picture. After the segmentation a no-reference image quality algorithm provides an image quality index, in terms of blurriness, for the image region of the cut edge. This way it is possible for the further evaluation of the cut edge to only consider image data that satisfies a specific quality, ignoring all the parts of the picture with a bad image quality.
First-in-human case of repeat pulmonary vein isolation by targeting visual interlesion gaps using the direct endoscopic ablation catheter after single ring pulmonary vein isolation (2015)

Gaps between radiofrequency (RF) ablation lesions are the culprits for failed pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) leading to recurrent atrial arrhythmias. The ability to directly visualize in real time and eliminate interlesion gaps may improve the success of RF ablation by achieving contiguous linear ablation lesion sets. We aimed to describe to the best of our knowledge the first reported clinical case using the direct endocardial visualization (DEV) ablation catheter (Voyage Medical Inc., Redwood City, CA) to successfully reisolate pulmonary veins (PVs) by visually targeting interlesion gaps under direct endoscopic visualization during a clinical trial undertaken at our institution.
(Invited) Continued Device Miniaturization Enabled By New Materials Innovations and Advanced Patterning Schemes (2018)

The microelectronics industry continues to experience high demand for new materials innovation driven by the need for solutions in the advanced patterning space. As device features and critical dimensions continue to shrink, the complexity of chip fabrication increases at an exponential rate. With this increase in complexity, many issues and challenges arise. For instance, with more steps and smaller dimensions, Edge Placement Error (EPE) becomes a key limiting factor towards enabling future nodes. EPE is the error between the intended and actual placements of desired features in a device. Smaller device features afford tighter tolerance specifications and smaller error budgets. Advanced devices require multiple patterning steps, which increase the potential for errors and misalignments. EPE can have detrimental effects on device performance due to contact shorts and open circuits, often leading to poor device yields. One way to limit the effects of EPEs is to use self-alignment patterning schemes. Selective deposition and selective etch processes are both key enablers for the development of self-aligned processes in semiconductor fabrication. Figure 1(a) shows a standard contact patterning flow without self-alignment. Selective deposition can relax the lithography and overlay requirements, as shown in Figure 1(b), and greatly decrease EPE by enabling self-alignment patterning schemes. Furthermore, as devices continue to shrink, conventional etch processes suffer from poor etch control and line edge roughness and thus can also contribute to EPE for future nodes. Atomic layer Etch (ALE) is an emerging etch technique that uses two or more precursors in a sequential fashion where the surface modification during precursor exposure is self-limiting leading to highly controllable etches that are very smooth and conformal. In addition, the filling of high aspect ratio features is also a key enabler to complicated multi-patterning flows (such as reverse tone patterning). Although there has been remarkable progress on these fronts, further developments are needed to ensure the scalability of microelectronics devices. This presentation will focus on insights and recent research results in the quest for enabling new patterning schemes through the development of new selective ALD processes, thermal ALE processes, and methods for the gap fill of high aspect ratio features. Figure 1
A novel neuromodulation strategy to enhance the prefrontal control to treat pain (2019)

Effective pharmacological treatment options for chronic pain remain very limited, and continued reliance on opioid analgesics has contributed to an epidemic in the United States. On the other hand, nonpharmacologic neuromodulatory interventions provide a promising avenue for relief of chronic pain without the complications of dependence and addiction. An especially attractive neuromodulation strategy is to optimize endogenous pain regulatory circuits. The prefrontal cortex is known to provide top-down control of pain, and hence neuromodulation methods that selectively enhance the activities in this brain region during pain episodes have the potential to provide analgesia. In this study, we designed a low-frequency (2 Hz) electrical stimulation protocol to provide temporally and spatially specific enhancement of the prefrontal control of pain in rats. We showed that low-frequency electrical stimulation of the prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex relieved both sensory and affective responses to acute pain in naive rats. Furthermore, we found that low-frequency electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex also attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat model of chronic pain. Together, our findings demonstrated that low-frequency electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex represents a promising new method of neuromodulation to inhibit pain.