gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direction-specific interaction forces underlying zinc oxide crystal growth by oriented attachment (2017)

Crystallization by particle attachment is impacting our understanding of natural mineralization processes and holds promise for novel materials design. When particles assemble in crystallographic alignment, expulsion of the intervening solvent and particle coalescence are enabled by near-perfect co-alignment via interparticle forces that remain poorly quantified. Here we report measurement and simulation of these nanoscale aligning forces for the ZnO(0001)-ZnO(000[Formula: see text]) system in aqueous solution. Dynamic force spectroscopy using nanoengineered single crystal probes reveals an attractive force with 60<sup>o</sup> rotational periodicity. Calculated distance and orientation-dependent potentials of mean force show several attractive free energy wells distinguished by numbers of intervening water layers, which reach a minimum when aligned. The calculated activation energy to separate the attractively bound solvated interfaces perfectly reproduces the measured 60<sup>o</sup> periodicity, revealing the key role of intervening water structuring as a basis to generate the interparticle torque that completes alignment and enables coalescence.Crystal growth is a fundamental process, important in a wide range of fields, but the interparticle forces responsible for molecule alignment are not well understood. Here, the authors measure the alignment forces in ZnO using dynamic force spectroscopy, highlighting the role of intervening water molecules.
If you are not paying for it, you are the product: How much do advertisers pay for your personal data? (2017)

Online advertising is progressively moving towards a programmatic model in which ads are matched to actual interests of individuals collected as they navigate the web. Letting the huge debate around privacy aside, a very important question in this area, for which very little is known, is: How much do advertisers pay for an individual's personal data? 
In this study, we develop a first of its kind methodology for computing exactly that - the price paid for one's privacy - and we do that in real time. Our approach is based on tapping on the Real Time Bidding (RTB) protocol to collect cleartext and encrypted prices for winning bids paid by advertisers in order to place targeted ads. Our main technical contribution is a method for tallying winning bids even when they are encrypted. We achieve this by training a model using as ground truth prices obtained by running our own probe ad-campaigns. We implement our methodology through a browser addon and a back-end server that provides it with fresh models for encrypted bids. We validate our methodology using a one year long trace of 1600 mobile users and demonstrate that it can estimate a user's worth with more than 82% accuracy.
Aggregation‐Seeding Forms of <scp>α‐Synuclein</scp> Are Not Detected in Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cerebrospinal Fluid (2022)

The data are presented in supplementary file and further details are available by the authors upon request. Appendix S1. Supporting Information Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Low bit rate satellite link for emergency communications (2008)

This study inserts itself within the framework of the first phase of a post-disaster emergency situation. The purpose here is to propose and study a solution allowing to establish very quickly a minimal low bit rate satellite link in Ku/Ka or Q/V band, while using the available resources of the satellite, a single-user ground terminal with a low transmission power, a small diameter antenna, and a dedicated Tx/Rx system, characterized by an electric consumption which shall be as low as possible (battery or solar panels). The transmission channel is modeled within the Juzzle open source environment software, with an adaptive strategy based on the DVB-S2 adaptive modulation and coding (ACM) scheme.
Design and Synthesis of Boron-containing Functional .PI.-Electron Materials (2008)

Utilization of boron, a group 13 element, as a key element for developing new functional electronic and optoelectronic materials is an important direction in the organoboron chemistry. Boron has several characteristic features, such as trigonal planar geometry for trivalent boron compounds, high Lewis acidity, and effective orbital interaction with π-conjugated frameworks through the vacant p-orbital (i.e., ρπ-π* conjugation). Exploiting these features of the boron element for molecular designs allows us to create sophisticated π-electron materials having attractive photophysical and electronic properties. We here present some progress in our chemistry, including B, B', B"-trianthrylborazine (B3N3)-based molecular bundles, boryl-substituted thienylthiazole π-electron systems with intramolecular B-N coordination, borole- and dibenzoborole-based π-conjugated compounds, and boryl-substituted emissive organic solids.
Conveying the 3D Shape of Transparent Surfaces via Texture (1997)

Transparency can be a useful device for depicting multiple overlapping surfaces in a single image. The challenge is to render the transparent surfaces in such a way that their three-dimensional shape can be readily understood and their depth distance from underlying structures clearly perceived. This paper describes our investigations into the use of sparsely-distributed discrete, opaque texture as an 'artistic device' for more explicitly indicating the relative depth of a transparent surface and for communicating the essential features of its 3D shape in an intuitively meaningful and minimally occluding way. The driving application for this work is the visualization of layered surfaces in radiation therapy treatment planning data, and the technique is illustrated on transparent isointensity surfaces of radiation dose. We describe the perceptual motivation and artistic inspiration for defining a stroke texture that is locally oriented in the direction of greatest normal curvature (and in which individual strokes are of a length proportional to the magnitude of the curvature in the direction they indicate), and discuss several alternative methods for applying this texture to isointensity surfaces defined in a volume. We propose an experimental paradigm for objectively measuring observers' ability to judge the shape and depth of a layered transparent surface, in the course of a task relevant to the needs of radiotherapy treatment planning, and use this paradigm to evaluate the practical effectiveness of our approach through a controlled observer experiment based on images generated from actual clinical data.
A Cyber-Physical Photovoltaic Array Monitoring and Control System (2017)

A cyber physical system approach for a utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) array monitoring and control is presented in this article. This system consists of sensors that capture voltage, current, temperature, and irradiance parameters for each solar panel which are then used to detect, predict and control the performance of the array. More specifically the article describes a customized machine-learning method for remote fault detection and a computer vision framework for cloud movement prediction. In addition, a consensus-based distributed approach is proposed for resource optimization, and a secure authentication protocol that can detect intrusions and cyber threats is presented. The proposed system leverages video analysis of skyline imagery that is used along with other measured parameters to reconfigure the solar panel connection topology and optimize power output. Additional benefits of this cyber physical approach are associated with the control of inverter transients. Preliminary results demonstrate improved efficiency and robustness in renewable energy systems using advanced cyber enabled sensory analysis and fusion devices and algorithms.
Kinetics of the reaction between H atoms and allyl radicals (1992)

Abstract The reaction between H and C 3 H 5 has been studied at 291 K. Exciplex laser flash photolysis at 193.3 nm of hexa‐1,5‐diene‐He mixtures generated both H and C 3 H 5 ([H] ≪ [C 3 H 5 ]), which were detected in time‐resolved mode by resonance fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Rate coefficients are presented at four pressures in the range 98 ⩽ P /torr ⩽ 400; no clear pressure‐dependence is found in this range of pressures and the mean rate coefficient is (2.8 ± 1.0) × 10 −10 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 . Calculations based on the Troe factorization method confirm that this reaction is near its high‐pressure limit under the experimental conditions.
Intramolecular Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions to Give Substituted Indoles – A Formal Synthesis of Deethylibophyllidine (2007)

Abstract A four‐step route to the tetracyclic ring system found in a number of indole alkaloids is described using stereoselective dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides. The ylides were derived from N ‐protected 2‐butenylindole‐3‐carbaldehydes, which were prepared in three steps from 2‐methylindole. Condensation of these aldehydes with a variety of alkylamino esters or amino acids or with N ‐methylhydroxylamine gave the required azomethine ylides or nitrone that undergo intramolecular cycloaddition onto the pendant, unactivated alkene. The cycloaddition sets up two new rings and up to three new stereocentres stereoselectively. After cycloaddition with N ‐allylglycine, N ‐deallylation provided the N ‐unsubstituted product and this constitutes a formal synthesis of the alkaloid deethylibophyllidine. The cycloaddition chemistry was also shown to be amenable as a route to the alkaloid ibophyllidine or epiibophyllidine, although the use of 2‐(allylamino)butyric acid to prepare the azomethine ylide can favour competing iminium ion isomerisation and hydrolysis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A combined flow cytometry–based method for fetomaternal hemorrhage and maternal D (2008)

The highly precise anti-Hb F flow cytometric method was combined with maternal D determination by anti-D. This method correlates well with standard assays eliminating the need for additional testing without sacrificing clinical information.
Talaromycins: application of homonuclear spin correlation maps to structure assignment (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTalaromycins: application of homonuclear spin correlation maps to structure assignmentDavid G. Lynn, Nancy J. Phillips, William C. Hutton, Jeffrey Shabanowitz, D. I. Fennell, and R. J. ColeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 25, 7319–7322Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00389a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00389a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensitivity of postplanning target and OAR coverage estimates to dosimetric margin distribution sampling parameters (2011)

Coverage estimates for post-planning evaluation are essential since coverage values of targets and OARs often differ from the values implied by the static margin-based plans. Finer sampling of the DMD enables more accurate assessment of the effect of geometric uncertainties on coverage estimates prior to treatment. DMD sampling with omega or omega eff = 10 degrees and delta = 0.5 mm should be adequate for planning purposes.
Laser wakefield excitation and measurement by femtosecond longitudinal interferometry (1996)

Plasma density oscillations (Langmuir waves) in the wake of an intense (I{sub peak} {approximately} 3 {times} 10{sup 17}W/cm{sup 2}) laser pulse (100 fs) are measured with ultrafast time resolution using a longitudinal interferometric technique. Phase shifts consistent with large amplitude ({delta}n{sub e}/n{sub e} {approximately} 1) density waves at the electron plasma frequency were observed in a fully tunnel-ionized He plasma, corresponding to longitudinal electric fields of {approximately} 10 GV/m. Strong radial ponderomotive forces enhance the density oscillations. As this technique utilizes a necessary component of any laser-based plasma accelerator, it promises to be a powerful tool for on-line monitoring and control of future plasma-based particle accelerators.
Effect of Metal Gradient In Nano Wall of Stratified Type Photocatalyst (2009)

Objective of study was the development of core-shell type ZnS-CdS photocatalyst with the stratified morphology. To form the stratified morphology, condition of the precursor is extremely important. For this purpose, three types of precursors, thus core-shell type, egg-shell type and uniform type, was tried to synthesize by utilizing the results of the calculation. The size of the synthesized precursor particles was about 40-100 nm. Main phase of the particle was gradually changed from ZnO (pH8.0) to Cd(OH)2 (pH9.5). Detailed analysis of the synthesized precursor was clearly demonstrated that these have the crystalline structure and each metal element was co-existed in one particle. Therefore, it could be concluded that core-shell type or uniform type precursor was successfully synthesized. Core-shell type ZnS-CdS stratified photocatalyst could be successfully synthesized by sulfurization for 1h, and it shows the high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.
A design of controllers for simultaneous H infinity control problem (1999)

This paper is concerned with the design of a controller that attains the H infinity performance specifications with multiple given plants simultaneously. A numerical design method is presented in this paper. The proposed method consists of two stages, the modelling of a nominal plant with uncertainties and the synthesis of the robust stabilizing controller. The proposed method orders these two stages one after the other. In the modelling stage, a new modelling procedure, which is based on a parametrization of all the plants, is proposed.
Adversarial Encoder-Multi-Task-Decoder for Multi-Stage Processes (2021)

In multi-stage processes, decisions occur in an ordered sequence of stages. Early stages usually have more observations with general information (easier/cheaper to collect), while later stages have fewer observations but more specific data. This situation can be represented as a dual funnel structure, in which the sample size decreases from one stage to the other while the information available about each instance increases. Training classifiers in this scenario is challenging since information in the early stages may not contain distinct patterns to learn (underfitting). In contrast, the small sample size in later stages can cause overfitting. We address both cases by introducing a framework that combines adversarial autoencoders (AAE), multitask learning (MTL), and multi-label semi-supervised learning (MLSSL). We improve the decoder of the AAE with MTL so it can jointly reconstruct the original input and use feature nets to predict the features for the next stages. We also introduce a sequence constraint in the output of an MLSSL classifier to guarantee the sequential pattern in the predictions. Using different domains (selection process, medical diagnosis), we show that our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
Fine-Grained Image Classification via Spatial Saliency Extraction (2018)

As an important type of image classification task, fine-grained image classification is of great practical interest. The major challenges of fine-grained image classification come from (1) The available training datasets are lack of object localization annotations which are highly time-consuming (2) The object discriminating a class generally only takes a very small portion of a whole image. In this paper, a spatial saliency extraction (SSE) approach is proposed to crop the possible attention areas inside a whole image to improve the fine-grained image classification performance. The proposed algorithm has been applied to the recently released Chest-X-ray14 dataset [1], which is highly imbalanced and weakly annotated. The SSE method offers the state-of-the-art classification performance.
A Ku Band Digitally Controlled RF Predistorter Suitable for Power Amplifiers Operating in Different Traffic and Power Back-off Conditions (2000)

This paper presents a digitally controlled RF predistorter suitable for power amplifiers operating in different traffic and load conditions. The developed digital controlled RF predistorter has enough control parameters and wide tunable complex gain range to make it adaptive and suitable to different type of power amplifiers such as TWTAs and SSPAs and stimulus. A Ku band prototype was designed, built and tested with 20 Watt TWTA and satisfactory results were obtained. Though the digital controller, the RF predistorter can be optimized for any given power back off operating point, stimulus signal, and temperature conditions.
Quest for a sustainable university: a review (2015)

Purpose – The paper aims to deliver a general review of the methods used to pursue the concept of a “sustainable university”. Design/methodology/approach – The research was Internet based, and it included research papers, books, conference proceedings, technical reports and Internet Web sites. The review was divided in two main parts: sustainability implementation methods and assessment and report tools. In turn, the practices used on universities to implement included more “traditional” environmental sustainability initiatives and a more updated sustainable management systems. Findings – Because “traditional” sustainability environmental sustainability initiatives have flaws, more recent tools were developed to help manage sustainability. Two sustainability management systems specifically oriented to universities are outlined on this paper. They both highlight the advantage of disposing a systematized management system; the need of address environmental issues and putting special attention on the use of resources, especially energy, on campus buildings; the social responsibility of the institution; and educational and research sustainability activities that must be taken on universities. Managing sustainability in a university would be facilitated if the procedure used to implement sustainability is aligned with the tool used that assesses its performance. Originality/value – The paper presents an updated review of the efforts that universities have made in contributing to a sustainable development. It includes methods and tools used to manage sustainability within a university, including the ones used to implement, assess and report it. The paper also intends to highlight the need of consistency and coherence between the implementation method and the assessment and report tools.
DTM&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;: Adapting job market signaling for distributed trust management in vehicular ad hoc networks (2013)

In this paper, we address the issue of the presence of malicious and selfish nodes in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). Malicious nodes spread false and forged messages, while selfish nodes only cooperate for their own interest. To deal with this, we propose DTM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , a Distributed Trust Model inspired by Spence's Job Market model from Economics. In our model, a sender node transmits a signal with its message. This signal represents a guarantee of the truthfulness of the message for the potential receivers. In order to use the signal, the sender node has to pay a cost, which depends on the value of the signal and its own behavior. Therefore, the worse the behavior of the sender node, the more expensive the signal cost. This model deters the sender nodes from acting as malicious nodes. Similarly, cooperation of the sender nodes is rewarded proportionally to the signal's value. We validated DTM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> via extensive simulation in an urban scenario. We show that our approach is able to detect and evict gradually all malicious nodes in a network composed of 25%, and 50% of them. Moreover, our solution greatly decreases the ratio of corrupted and false data sent through a network to levels as low as 0%, and it increases the participation ratio of selfish nodes by 20%.
X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopy studies on graphite and single-walled carbon nanotubes: Oxygen effect (2005)

We have investigated the electronic states of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite and single-walled carbon nanotubes using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) before and after annealing treatment in ultrahigh vacuum, and observed that the small peak between π* and σ* features, which has been previously assigned to free-electron-like interlayer states, disappears after in situ annealing treatment, suggesting that the signal may be assigned to a surface contamination, especially oxygen contamination introduced by chemical processing or gas adsorption. Additional experiments by photoelectron spectroscopy as well as XAS methods, performed after aging in air, fully support this interpretation.
A caged tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine ligand equipped with a C<sub>triazole</sub>–H hydrogen bonding cavity (2022)

A capped bioinspired ligand built from a tris(2-pyridyl-methyl)amine (TPA) unit and surmounted by a triazole-based intramolecular H-bonding secondary sphere was prepared. The resulting cage provides a well-defined cavity combining the hydrophobic nature with H-bonding properties. Its coordinating properties were explored using Zn(II) and Cu(II) metal ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a New Fragmentation Reaction. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cytochemical demonstration that acrosin is unavailable in intact ejaculated boar and bull spermatozoa (1982)

The cytochemical localization of acrosin (EC 3.4.21.10) was investigated using a fluorescent technique, based on the use of fluorogenic substrates, derivatives of 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamine, which liberate a fluorescent tag that, if coupled to 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, generates an insoluble, fluorescent product. From the data obtained from boar and bull spermatozoa that had been subjected to different treatments, we have found that the acrosomal, trypsinlike proteinase is practically inaccessible in intact, freshly ejaculated spermatozoa. Acrosin activity was detected after subjecting the spermatozoa to a treatment that simulates the process they undergo at the moment of fertilization, showing a particulate localization in the acrosome of some of the spermatozoa.