gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical characterisation of guided wave scattering due to welds in rails (2012)

The analysis of travelling waves in elastic waveguides with complex cross-sections, such as train rails, can only conveniently be performed numerically. The semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method has become a popular tool for performing such analyses. This paper employs a hybrid SAFE-3D method to investigate the scattering of guided waves interacting with discontinuities, such as welds, in continuous welded train rails. The aim of the analysis is to predict transmission and reflection coefficients for a given incident wave and known discontinuity parameters. This characterisation is useful for predicting the long-range transmission characteristics of transducers in NDT and monitoring systems, such as the rail break alarm system developed by the Institute for Maritime Technology (IMT) and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). The numerical model can also be used to estimate welded sections properties from experimental measurements using a scanning laser vibrometer.
Near-threshold field stimulation: Intramural versus surface activation (2005)

Surface polarization plays a minor role during field stimulation. Intramural virtual electrodes produced even by weak fields are sufficiently strong to initiate intra-myocardial excitation. Significant heterogeneities in tissue resistivity may explain the strength of the virtual electrodes.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Labeling the World (2010)

Our actions in the physical world are increasingly linked with processes in the virtual world. The increased availability of machine-readable tags accelerates this merge and helps to blur the border between physical matter and digital bits in a variety of environments across the globe. This special issue on labeling the world presents five articles that together illustrate how labeling technology impacts human and machine processes today, samples application area diversity, and hints at where this powerful mechanism could take us tomorrow.
634. A hypomorphic mutation in the ATP2A1 gene increases muscle mass yet compromises meat quality of Belgian Blue cattle (2022)

We herein describe a novel phenotype related to meat quality in Belgian blue cattle breed, named 'tough and dry meat syndrome'. A genome-wide association study pinpointed a single significantly associated locus on chromosome 25, encompassing the ATP2A1 gene coding for the SERCA1 protein. A previous reverse genetic screen identified a breed-private missense mutation (R143W) in this gene. It segregates at high frequency (0.15) without deviation from expected genotypic proportions and was proven to be causative for this syndrome. The prevalence of the condition is estimated at 12.5% and its severity correlates with W143 allelic dosage. The mutation is partially dominant with a penetrance of 43 and 100% in R/W and W/W animals respectively. Retrospective examination of W143 frequency revealed a clear linear upward trend, likely due to the fact that the W143 variant has a positive effect on muscle mass. Direct selection against the mutation is underway.
Mechanical Forces in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Emerging Therapies to Minimize Scar Formation (2017)

<b>Significance:</b> Excessive scarring is major clinical and financial burden in the United States. Improved therapies are necessary to reduce scarring, especially in patients affected by hypertrophic and keloid scars. <b>Recent Advances:</b> Advances in our understanding of mechanical forces in the wound environment enable us to target mechanical forces to minimize scar formation. Fetal wounds experience much lower resting stress when compared with adult wounds, and they heal without scars. Therapies that modulate mechanical forces in the wound environment are able to reduce scar size. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Increased mechanical stresses in the wound environment induce hypertrophic scarring via activation of mechanotransduction pathways. Mechanical stimulation modulates integrin, Wingless-type, protein kinase B, and focal adhesion kinase, resulting in cell proliferation and, ultimately, fibrosis. Therefore, the development of therapies that reduce mechanical forces in the wound environment would decrease the risk of developing excessive scars. <b>Future Directions:</b> The development of novel mechanotherapies is necessary to minimize scar formation and advance adult wound healing toward the scarless ideal. Mechanotransduction pathways are potential targets to reduce excessive scar formation, and thus, continued studies on therapies that utilize mechanical offloading and mechanomodulation are needed.
Perceptual training alters residual motion processing in V1-damaged humans (2016)

Stroke-induced damage to primary visual cortex causes loss of conscious vision in the contralateral hemifield. Global motion discrimination training can partially reverse this cortical blindness (CB) at trained locations, recovering near-normal coarse direction discrimination, but leaving fine discrimination impaired. Here, we examined several possible mechanisms for this partial recovery. We used random dot stimuli (10°/s, 3 dots/deg2) containing a Gaussian-distributed range of dot directions centered on the signal direction (Figure 1B), to measure tuning functions for direction in 7 CB subjects. Subjects judged whether dots moved above or below the left/rightward direction (Figure 1A), with thresholds defined as the direction difference resulting in 82% correct performance. Measures were collected before and after left-right direction discrimination training in the blind field and at corresponding intact field locations. Gaussian functions were fit to generate tuning curves for motion channel sensitivity to increased dot direction range (Figure 2). Where measureable (n=5), individual tuning curves were significantly wider at retrained, blind field locations than in the intact hemifield, suggesting broader population tuning to motion in retrained locations. In addition, a neurally plausible generative model of motion discrimination was then utilized to determine if model neurons with broader motion tuning would produce similar psychophysical performance as retrained CB patients. Using a bank of MT-like motion detectors, the model suggests that the source of deficits in fine direction discrimination may be a sparser neuronal population and lower firing rates. Overall, these data suggest that performance in retrained CB fields results from a combination of altered tuning and weaker, sparser neural responses. Thus, an additional, fundamental limit to complete recovery in CB fields may be the number of motion selective neurons available for signal processing, particularly in fine difference tasks of this type. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016
Cardiac Lymphatic Dysfunction Causes Drug-Eluting Stent–Induced Coronary Hyperconstricting Responses in Pigs In Vivo (2019)

Objective- We have previously demonstrated that coronary adventitial inflammation plays important roles in the pathogenesis of coronary vasomotion abnormalities, including drug-eluting stent (DES)-induced coronary hyperconstricting responses. Importantly, the adventitia also harbors lymphatic vessels, which may prevent inflammation by transporting extravasated fluid and inflammatory cells. We thus aimed to examine the roles of coronary adventitial lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of DES-induced coronary hyperconstricting responses in a porcine model in vivo. Approach and Results- We performed 2 experimental studies. In protocol 1, 15 pigs were divided into 3 groups with or without DES and with bare metal stent. Nonstented sites 20 mm apart from stent implantation also were examined. In the protocol 2, 12 pigs were divided into 2 groups with or without lymphatic vessels ligation followed by DES implantation at 2 weeks later (n=6 each). We performed coronary angiography 4 weeks after DES implantation, followed by immunohistological analysis. In protocol 1, the number and the caliber of lymphatic vessels were greater at only the DES edges after 4 more weeks. In protocol 2, coronary hyperconstricting responses were further enhanced in the lymphatic vessels ligation group associated with adventitial inflammation, Rho-kinase activation, and less adventitial lymphatic vessels formation. Importantly, there were significant correlations among these inflammation-related changes and enhanced coronary vasoconstricting responses. Conclusions- These results provide evidence that cardiac lymphatic vessel dysfunction plays important roles in the pathogenesis of coronary vasoconstrictive responses in pigs in vivo.
Blocking Probability Calculation Using Traffic Equivalent Distributions in SIR-Based Power Controlled W-CDMA Cellular Systems (2005)

In W-CDMA systems, distributions of the interference power and the total transmit power both measured at base stations are respectively used for capacity analysis in the uplink and downlink. For accurate capacity analysis, these quantities must be in proportion to the traffic amount. However, these quantities are no longer in proportion to the traffic amount since the transmit power control maintains the signal to interference power ratio at a constant level. Although the relationship between these measurements and the traffic amount has been investigated, there are still challenges to calculate the statistics such as the blocking probability or the outage probability accurately. This paper proposes a method to calculate the blocking probability by transforming the distributions of these measurements into distributions that are referred to as traffic equivalent distributions, where the distributions are automatically adjusted according to the traffic amount. The calculated results show good agreement with the results obtained by dynamic computer simulations in the uplink, and show good agreement in the downlink as well when the traffic load is light. Accurate calculation of the blocking probability using a feedback loop and the observation of the traffic equivalents is also reported.
Towards compositional synthesis of evolving systems (2008)

Synthesis of system configurations from a given set of features is an important and very challenging problem. This paper makes a step towards this goal by describing an efficient technique for synthesizing pipeline configurations of feature-based systems. We identify and formalize a design pattern that is commonly used in featurebased development. We show that this pattern enables compositional synthesis of feature arrangements. In particular, the pattern allows us to add or remove features from an existing system without having to reconfigure the system from scratch. We describe an implementation of our technique and evaluate its applicability and effectiveness using a set of telecommunication features from AT&T, arranged within the DFC architecture.
A Locus for Renal Malformations Including Vesico-Ureteric Reflux on Chromosome 13q33–34 (2006)

Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), including vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR), are major causes of ESRD in childhood. Herein is reported evidence for a locus on 13q33q34 associated with CAKUT. Deletion mapping of chromosome 13q was performed in four children with CAKUT using 31 microsatellite markers on peripheral blood genomic DNA that was obtained from the patients and their parents. mRNA expression of the positional candidate genes was compared with sequences in electronic databases in silico and also studied in adult and fetal mouse kidneys using reverse transcription-PCR. The children (three girls; age range 5 to 17 yr) had varying severity of developmental delay and other organ system involvement. The spectrum of CAKUT included high-grade VUR (n = 2), renal dysplasia (n = 2), and hydronephrosis (n = 1). Both the children with VUR had evidence of renal failure with one of them developing ESRD. Deletion mapping identified a 7-Mb critical region flanked by markers D13S1311 and D13S285. There are 33 genes (12 known; 21 computer predicted) in this region. In silico expression studies showed matches for 14 of these genes in the kidneys and 10 in the bladder expressed sequenced tags databases. Mouse kidney studies showed that of the 24 genes examined, several had variable expression through the different stages of renal development, whereas five of the genes were not expressed at all. Herein is reported a new locus on chromosome 13q33q34 that can be associated with VUR with several genes showing mRNA expression patterns that suggest their potential for involvement in renal/urinary tract developmental anomalies.
Fluctuation-Induced Torque on a Topological Insulator out of Thermal Equilibrium (2019)

Topological insulators with the time reversal symmetry broken exhibit strong magnetoelectric and magneto-optic effects. While these effects are well understood in or near equilibrium, nonequilibrium physics is richer yet less explored. We consider a topological insulator thin film, weakly coupled to a ferromagnet, out of thermal equilibrium with a cold environment (quantum electrodynamics vacuum). We show that the heat flow to the environment is strongly circularly polarized, thus carrying away angular momentum and exerting a purely fluctuation-driven torque on the topological insulator film. Utilizing the Keldysh framework, we investigate the universal nonequilibrium response of the TI to the temperature difference with the environment. Finally, we argue that experimental observation of this effect is within reach.
The C-seal trial: colorectal anastomosis protected by a biodegradable drain fixed to the anastomosis by a circular stapler, a multi-center randomized controlled trial (2012)

This Randomized Clinical trial is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the C-seal in preventing clinical anastomotic leakage.
Read-Out of Cantilever Bending With a Grated Waveguide Optical Cavity (2010)

We present results related to the fabrication of a novel and potentially highly sensitive mechano-optical sensor for hydrogen gas, based on microcantilevers, provided with a selectively gas-absorbing palladium layer, suspended above a Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> grated waveguide (GWG). Integrated microcantilever-GWG devices have been fabricated successfully using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques. Several technical problems encountered during the preparation of such integrated devices (i.e., grating production, surface roughness, facet quality) will be discussed, and solutions to address these issues will be given as well. We also present preliminary experimental results, showing the sensing of cantilever nano-displacements, and so the feasibility of proposed read-out principle.
A New Correlation for Temperature Rise Correction of Heat Flux Gages (1998)

Abstract Experimental and numerical studies of turbulent heat transfer near a step change in wall temperature have been conducted in connection with an error analysis of small, transient, heat flux gages. The surface temperature of such a gage typically rises above the temperature of the surrounding metal wall, which influences the heat flux to the gage. Data from such gages must be corrected for the effect of this temperature rise. The correction is typically made by superposition using an unheated starting-length correlation, a procedure that has been in practice for many years. In the present work, experimental data from a small, isothermal calorimeter were compared with output from STAN7, a 2-D turbulent boundary layer code, and with predictions based on a textbook correlation. The experiments and the numerical predictions agree within +/−6%, but the correlation underpredicts the required correction by 15–20% over the first half-boundary layer thickness downstream of the step change. As a consequence, data from small gages cannot be properly corrected using the accepted correlation. A new expression is proposed for Stanton number downstream of a step in wall temperature, which can be used as an accurate correction algorithm for use with small gages.
Cytochrome<i>c</i><i>−</i>Crown Ether Complexes as Supramolecular Catalysts:  Cold-Active Synzymes for Asymmetric Sulfoxide Oxidation in Methanol (2005)

A series of supramolecular complexes of various cytochrome c proteins with 18-crown-6 derivatives behave as cold-active synzymes in the H2O2 oxidation of racemic sulfoxides. This interesting behavior contrasts with native functionality, where the employed proteins act as electron transfer carriers. ESI-MS. UV, CD, and Raman spectroscopic characterizations reveal that four or five 18-crown-6 molecules strongly bind to the surface of the cytochrome c and also that nonnatural low-spin hexacoordinate heme structures are induced in methanol. Significantly, crown ether complexation can convert catalytically inactive biological forms to catalytically active artificial forms. Horse heart, pigeon breast, and yeast cytochromes c all stereoselectively oxidize (S)-isomers of methyl tolyl sulfoxide and related sulfoxides upon crown ether complexation. These supramolecular catalysts show the highest efficiency and enantiomer selectivity at -40 degrees C in the H202-dependent sulfoxide oxidation, while oxidative decomposition of the heme moieties predominantly occurs at room temperature. The oxidation reactivity of the employed sulfoxides is apparently related to steric constraints and electrochemical oxidation potentials of their S=O bonds. Among the cytochrome c complexes, yeast cytochrome c demonstrates the lowest catalytic activity and degradation reactivity. It has a significantly different protein sequence, suggesting that crown ether complexation effectively activates heme coordination but may additionally alter the native backbone structure. The proper combination of cytochrome c proteins, 18-crown-6 receptors, and external circumstances can be used to successfully generate "protein-based supramolecular catalysts" exhibiting nonbiological reactivities.
Generalized Model Predictive Direct Torque Control: Long prediction horizons and minimization of switching losses (2009)

This paper presents a generalized Model Predictive Direct Torque Control scheme with an extended horizon, which is composed of multiple hinges (groups of switch transitions) linked by several extrapolation segments. The controller's performance is further enhanced by minimizing the switching losses in the inverter. Initial results suggest that with respect to state of the art Direct Torque Control, the switching losses are reduced by up to 60%, while the Total Harmonic Distortion of the torque is at the same time improved by 20%. These results are based on a medium-voltage three-phase Neutral Point Clamped inverter driving an induction machine.
Surgical aortic valve replacement in patients aged 50–69 years—insights from the German Aortic Valve Registry (GARY) (2022)

Aortic valve replacement with biological or mechanical prostheses showed similar 5-year outcomes for survival and reoperation in a propensity-matched cohort, but significantly increased stroke rate after mechanical aortic valve replacement. This could influence the choice of a mechanical valve in younger patients.
Is the Full Version of the AUDIT Really Necessary? Study of the Validity and Internal Construct of Its Abbreviated Versions (2010)

The results obtained in this study confirm the validity of the abbreviated versions of the AUDIT for the screening of alcohol use disorders and show that their psychometric properties are as satisfactory as those of the 10-item AUDIT and the CAGE.
Reduction of Flow-Induced Blood Damage in Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves Through Passive Flow Control (2008)

Bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHVs), though a life-saving device in treating heart valve disease, are often associated with several complications including a high risk of hemolysis, platelet activation, and thromboembolism. To address this risk, patients must undergo prophylactic anticoagulation therapy. One likely cause of this hyper-coagulative state is the nonphysiologic levels of stress experienced by the erythrocytes and platelets flowing through the BMHVs. Research has shown that the combination of shear stress magnitude and exposure time found in the highly transient leakage jet emanating from the b-datum gap during valve closure is sufficient to cause hemolysis and platelet activation [1–3]. Reducing the shear stresses experienced by the blood flowing through the b-datum gap during valve closure may therefore reduce the prevalence of valve-related blood damage. Such shear stress reduction could be achieved by passive flow control, in particular vortex generators, incorporated onto the BMHV leaflet surface. Vortex generators have been used to control shear flows in various aerodynamic applications, and it is thus thought that their application to mechanical heart valve leaflet surfaces may reduce shear stresses by creating streamwise vortices that will serve to dissipate the regurgitant jet originating from the b-datum gap at the time of valve closure.
Interstitial diffusion in systems with multiple sorts of traps (2013)

The role of several sorts of traps for one diffusing interstitial component is investigated. The site fraction of this component in each trap is calculated due to the local thermodynamic equilibrium condition with its site fraction in the lattice. Combining Fick's first law for diffusive fluxes of individual site fractions with the equilibrium condition and the mass balance allows deriving an extended nonlinear diffusion equation. If the molar volumes of the trap positions are constant with respect to time, then a generalized chemical diffusion coefficient can be derived, which allows performing the diffusion study in terms of the total concentration of the interstitial component. As an alternative way, the total diffusion flux can also be treated as the sum of diffusion fluxes of individual fractions combined with local redistribution of individual fractions based on the thermodynamic local equilibrium condition. Both concepts are presented in simulations for the diffusion of hydrogen in the system with traps as immobile dislocations, substitutional impurities and interfaces of incoherent carbide nanoprecipitates. Both concepts provide equivalent results and exhibit an asymmetric behaviour with respect to a charging/discharging process.
INFLUENCE OF GLUCOSE KINETICS ON PLASMA LACTATE CONCENTRATION IN SEVERELY BURNED PATIENTS (1999)

s Of Papers To Be Presented At The Fifty-Ninth Annual Meeting Of The American Association For The Surgery Of Trauma; Marriott Copley Place Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts; September 16-18, 1999
How to Fake 1000 Registers (2006)

Large numbers of logical registers can improve performance by allowing fast access to multiple subroutine contexts (register windows) and multiple thread contexts (multithreading). Support for both of these together requires a multiplicative number of registers that quickly becomes prohibitive. We overcome this limitation with the virtual context architecture (VCA), a new register-file architecture that virtualizes logical register contexts. VCA works by treating the physical registers as a cache of a much larger memory-mapped logical register space. Complete contexts, whether activation records or threads, are no longer required to reside in their entirety in the physical register file. A VCA implementation of register windows on a single-threaded machine reduces data cache accesses by 20%, providing the same performance as a conventional machine while requiring one fewer cache port. Using VCA to support multithreading enables a four-thread machine to use half as many physical registers without a significant performance loss. VCA naturally extends to support both multithreading and register windows, providing higher performance with significantly fewer registers than a conventional machine