gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Preemption Policies for DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering to Minimize Rerouting in MPLS Networks (2004)

The preemption policy currently in use in MPLS-enabled commercial routers selects LSPs for preemption based only on their priority and holding time. This can lead to waste of resources and excessive number of rerouting decisions. In this paper, a new preemption policy is proposed and complemented with an adaptive scheme that aims to minimize rerouting. The new policy combines the three main preemption optimization criteria: number of LSPs to be preempted, priority of the LSPs, and preempted bandwidth. Weights can be configured to stress the desired criteria. The new policy is complemented by an adaptive scheme that selects lower priority LSPs that can afford to have their rate reduced. The selected LSPs will fairly reduce their rate in order to accommodate the new high-priority LSP setup request. Performance comparisons of a nonpreemptive approach, a policy currently in use by commercial routers, and our policies are also investigated.
Geração de tensão de referencia e sinal de sensoriamento termico usando transistores MOS em forte inversão (2009)

Voltage references and temperature sensors are blocks extensively used in microelectronic systems. As an alternative to the use of consolidated structures that are protected by intellectual property agreements, there is a permanent demand for the development of new techniques and structures for these circuits. It can be also highlighted the growing interest for low-voltage and low-power solutions, implemented in conventional IC technologies. This work describes the development of a circuit that meets these requirements by providing a voltage reference and temperature sensing signal obtained from a suitable arrangement of MOS transistors biased in strong inversion.
A new model of implant-related osteomyelitis in the metaphysis of rat tibiae (2016)

Our present study of a rat tibia model reliably induced osteomyelitis in the metaphysis with low-doses of bacteria. The addition of low-dosed Ag to the implant coating was not able to reduce the infection rates. The results demonstrate that it is possible to develop a model of implant-related osteomyelitis in rats with low amounts of bacteria to better mimic clinical constellations. No other promoters of infection besides insertion of the screw implant were used in this model.
Replacement of conserved or variable sequences of the mosquito-borne dengue virus 3′ UTR with homologous sequences from Modoc virus does not change infectivity for mosquitoes (2012)

The genus Flavivirus includes both vector-borne and no known vector (NKV) species, but the molecular determinants of transmission mode are not known. Conserved sequence differences between the two groups occur in 5' and 3' UTRs. To investigate the impact of these differences on transmission, chimeric genomes were generated, in which UTRs, UTRs+capsid, or the upper 3' UTR stem-loop of mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV) were replaced with homologous regions from NKV Modoc virus (MODV); the conserved pentanucleotide sequence (CPS) was also deleted from the DENV genome. Virus was not recovered following transfection of these genomes in three different cell types. However, DENV genomes in which the CPS or variable region (VR) of the 3' UTR were replaced with MODV sequences were recovered and infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with similar efficiencies to DENV. These results demonstrate that neither vector-borne CPS nor VR is required for vector-borne transmission.
Vesicular Localization and Activity-Dependent Trafficking of Presynaptic Choline Transporters (2003)

Presynaptic synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) requires a steady supply of choline, acquired by a plasma membrane, hemicholinium-3-sensitive (HC-3) choline transporter (CHT). A significant fraction of synaptic choline is recovered from ACh hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) after vesicular release. Although antecedent neuronal activity is known to dictate presynaptic CHT activity, the mechanisms supporting this regulation are unknown. We observe an exclusive localization of CHT to cholinergic neurons and demonstrate that the majority of CHTs reside on small vesicles within cholinergic presynaptic terminals in the rat and mouse brain. Furthermore, immunoisolation of presynaptic vesicles with multiple antibodies reveals that CHT-positive vesicles carry the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and synaptic vesicle markers such as synaptophysin and Rab3A and also contain acetylcholine. Depolarization of synaptosomes evokes a Ca2+-dependent botulinum neurotoxin C-sensitive increase in the Vmax for HC-3-sensitive choline uptake that is accompanied by an increase in the density of CHTs in the synaptic plasma membrane. Our study leads to the novel hypothesis that CHTs reside on a subpopulation of synaptic vesicles in cholinergic terminals that can transit to the plasma membrane in response to neuronal activity to couple levels of choline re-uptake to the rate of ACh release.
Modulation of leukotriene B <sub>4</sub> receptor 1 signaling by receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) (2016)

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1), a high-affinity GPCR for LTB4, plays important roles in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Although the LTB4-BLT1 axis is known to promote inflammation, no studies have defined the binding proteins that modulate LTB4-BLT1 signaling. In this study, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) interacted with BLT1 in human cervical epithelial HeLa cells. RAGE increased LTB4-BLT1-dependent ERK phosphorylation and inhibited LTB4-BLT1-dependent activation of NF-κB and up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. RAGE-dependent inhibition of NF-κB was blunted by treatment with an MEK inhibitor, suggesting that RAGE suppresses LTB4-BLT1-dependent NF-κB signaling by enhancing the MEK-ERK pathway. Meanwhile, in a chemotaxis assay of mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils, the velocity of LTB4-dependent neutrophil migration was attenuated by soluble RAGE, which is an inhibitory decoy protein for RAGE signaling, in a dose-dependent manner (0.2-5 μg/ml), or by RAGE deficiency. Furthermore, both LTB4-dependent ERK phosphorylation in neutrophils and LTB4-dependent neutrophil accumulation in a murine peritonitis model were significantly attenuated in RAGE-deficient mice compared with C57BL/6J wild-type mice, indicating that RAGE potentiates LTB4-dependent neutrophil migration by enhancing ERK phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that RAGE interacts with BLT1 and modulates LTB4-BLT1 signaling through potentiation of the MEK-ERK pathway.-Ichiki, T., Koga, T., Okuno, T., Saeki K., Yamamoto, Y., Yamamoto, H., Sakaguchi, M., Yokomizo, T. Modulation of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 signaling by receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).
Dynamics study of multiwavelength excitation process using F 2 and KrF excimer lasers (2003)

Ablation dynamics of fused silica by multiwavelength excitation process using F<sub>2</sub> and KrF excimer laser has been investigated by energy analyzed mass spectrometry of ablated species. The number of Si ion generated by multiwavelength excitation process corresponds to that by single-F<sub>2</sub> laser ablation and to approximately 2.1 times larger than that by single-KrF excimer laser ablation. In addition, kinetic energy distribution of Si<sup>+</sup> ablated by multiwavelength excitation process shows almost same as that by single-F<sub>2</sub> laser ablation. We regard that absorption of KrF excimer laser by excited state generated by F<sub>2</sub> laser (excited-state absorption: ESA) causes similar electron excitation process to single-F<sub>2</sub> laser irradiation, resulting in enhancement of Si ion with higher kinetic energy and then in high-quality ablation.
Mild HEV with Multimode Combustion: Benefits of a Small Oxygen Storage (2016)

This simulation study discusses the application of a multimode combustion engine in a mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with three-way catalytic converter (TWC). Operation in the lean combustion mode homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) results in oxidation of the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of the TWC. Thereby, the TWC’s ability to convert NOx under lean conditions is removed. Succeeding depletion of the OSC under rich spark-ignition (SI) conditions is required, which results in significant fuel efficiency penalties. In case of a mild HEV the torque assist from the electric motor is able to extend the residence time in HCCI, thereby reducing the number OSC depletion events. The applied supervisory controller, which decides when to switch between SI and HCCI, is based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) and incorporates the fuel penalties associated with mode switching and OSC depletion. It is shown that, while the impact of the OSC depletion on drive cycle fuel economy of the mild HEV is still significant, it is much smaller than in case of the vehicle without electric motor. The prolonged operation in lean HCCI mode leads to substantial amounts of tailpipe NOx for all drive cycles tested. In a case study two modifications to the system hardware are introduced with counterintuitive results. First, the HCCI regime is further constrained to conditions where engine-out NOx levels are extremely low. Second, the size of the OSC is significantly reduced, allowing a much faster and less inefficient depletion. Associated drive cycle results show a substantial reduction in tailpipe NOx while fuel economy benefits can be maintained.
Modelo Computacional Aplicado al Comportamiento de Agentes Financieros Mediante Autómatas Celulares (Cell-DEVS) (2018)

En el presente trabajo se realizará la simulación el efecto de la interdependencia y el contagio en las decisiones de compra y venta de los inversionistasen un mercado financiero de tipo Black-Schole,donde existen dos activos financieros: acciones (activo riesgoso) y bonos (activo libre de riesgo); y dos estados del inversionista: amante y averso al riesgo; bajo distintas probabilidades de contagio. Este fenómeno económico-financiero podría ser modelado por un sistema de ecuaciones estocásticas; sin embargo, no todas las ecuaciones estocásticas tienen una solución cerrada por lo que se opta por realizar simulaciones computacionales para analizar su comportamiento numérico, en este sentido, se realizará una simulación computacional mediante los autómatas celulares.
Spatiotemporal Visualization of Intracellular Ca2+ in Living Heart Muscle Cells Viewed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. (2003)

Ca2+ ions play pivotal roles in the excitation and contraction-relaxation processes of heart muscle cells. The advent of digital-imaging techniques, especially confocal laser scanning microscopy, as well as Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dyes, has contributed substantially to the precise understanding of the spatiotemporal aspects of the intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in cardiomyocytes. In this review article, we review the progress in the cytochemical and histochemical researches on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of the heart. Recent imaging technologies have revealed that subcellular [Ca2+]i dynamics are spatiotemporally heterogeneous under certain pathological conditions. We focus on the Ca2+ waves, i.e., representative of abnormal [Ca2+]i dynamics that emerge under [Ca2+] i-overloaded conditions, analyzed in preparations ranging from the enzymatically isolated myocytes to the whole heart. The pathophysiological significance of Ca2+ waves in the heart is also discussed.
Ground and space based optical analysis of materials degradation in low-Earth-orbit (1991)

There is strong interest in being able to accurately and sensitively monitor materials degradation in both ground-based and space-based environments. Two optical techniques for sensitive degradation monitoring are reviewed: spectroscopic ellipsometry and photothermal spectroscopy. These techniques complement each other in that ellipsometry is sensitive to atomically thin surface and subsurface changes, and photothermal spectroscopy is sensitive to local defects, pin-holes, subsurface defects, and delamination. Progress in applying these spectroscopies (both ex situ and in situ) to atomic oxygen degradation of space materials is reviewed.
Increased Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium marinum Mutants Defective in Lipooligosaccharide Production (2014)

Mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne pathogen responsible for tuberculosis-like infections in ectotherms and is an occasional opportunistic human pathogen. In the environment, M. marinum also interacts with amoebae, which may serve as a natural reservoir for this microorganism. However, the description of mycobacterial determinants in the early interaction with macrophages or amoebae remains elusive. Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are cell surface-exposed glycolipids capable of modulating the host immune system, suggesting that they may be involved in the early interactions of M. marinum with macrophages. Herein, we addressed whether LOS composition affects the uptake of M. marinum by professional phagocytes. Mutants with various truncated LOS variants were generated, leading to the identification of several previously uncharacterized biosynthetic genes (wbbL2, MMAR_2321, and MMAR_2331). Biochemical and structural approaches allowed resolving the structures of LOS precursors accumulating in this set of mutants. These strains with structurally defined LOS profiles were then used to infect both macrophages and Acanthamoebae. An inverse correlation between LOS completeness and uptake of mycobacteria by phagocytes was found, allowing the proposal of three mutant classes: class I (papA4), devoid of LOS and highly efficiently phagocytosed; class II, accumulating only early LOS intermediates (wbbL2 and MMAR_2331) and efficiently phagocytosed but less than class I mutants; class III, lacking LOS-IV (losA, MMAR_2319, and MMAR_2321) and phagocytosed similarly to the control strain. These results indicate that phagocytosis is conditioned by the LOS pattern and that the LOS pathway used by M. marinum in macrophages is conserved during infection of amoebae.
CASE STUDY OF VEHICLE MANEUVERS LEADING TO ROLLOVERS: NEED FOR A VEHICLE TEST SIMULATING OFF-ROAD EXCURSIONS, RECOVERY AND HANDLING. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS (2004)

Rollover crashes are an important issue in automobile safety. Currently, the safety community is not only working on advancing injury countermeasures but is also investigating technologies to help avoid rollover crashes. This chapter on a vehicle test that simulates real-world conditions is from a comprehensive textbook on occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers. The authors note that the evaluation of rollovers typically involves vehicle-handling tests that are conducted on flat road surfaces with a uniform or split coefficient of friction. They stress that it is crucial to determine the precipitating events leading to rollovers by analyzing real-world rollover crashes. The authors determined the sequence of events leading to rollovers in 63 investigated cases. The cases were divided into 3 categories defining the precipitating event leading to a rollover: negotiating a curve at usually too high a speed (47%), drifting off the road (27%), and avoiding an obstacle in the traveling lane (25%). This study prioritizes the need to carry out tests that simulate a vehicle leaving the road and having at least two wheels on the shoulder after any of these three precipitating events (90 percent of the 63 cases involved the vehicle leaving the roadway with at least 2 wheels). The authors conclude that handling tests need to include a transition from a road surface to the shoulder where there may be a drop off of approximately 50 mm and an attempt to recover back onto the road with various degrees of steering and braking.
Simultaneous mode tracking for sensing applications with dual-mode heterodyne NEMS oscillator (2016)

We report the first experimental demonstration of a heterodyne self-oscillator operating simultaneously on the first and second mode of a silicon NEMS resonator. This architecture tackles the simultaneous monitoring of a doubly-clamped resonator's first two resonant modes required for real world applications in the field of biological mass sensing. This oscillator is based on a downmixing scheme where the NEMS motion-induced electrical signal around 25 MHz and 70 MHz is shifted down to few tens of kilohertz thus reducing the bandwidth constraint on electronics and limiting the feedthrough between the NEMS actuation and detection electrode. In this paper, we present the oscillator measurement results in open-loop and closed-loop, and we evaluate the frequency stability. When implemented on silicon this oscillator scheme will help to circumvent today's limited NEMS integration density mostly due to a bulky circuitry.
Nanosurfaces modulate the mechanism of peri-implant endosseous healing by regulating neovascular morphogenesis (2018)

Nanosurfaces have improved clinical osseointegration by increasing bone/implant contact. Neovascularization is considered an essential prerequisite to osteogenesis, but no previous reports to our knowledge have examined the effect of surface topography on the spatio-temporal pattern of neovascularization during peri-implant healing. We have developed a cranial window model to study peri-implant healing intravitally over clinically relevant time scales as a function of implant topography. Quantitative intravital confocal imaging reveals that changing the topography (but not chemical composition) of an implant profoundly affects the pattern of peri-implant neovascularization. New vessels develop proximal to the implant and the vascular network matures sooner in the presence of an implant nanosurface. Accelerated angiogenesis can lead to earlier osseointegration through the delivery of osteogenic precursors to, and direct formation of bone on, the implant surface. This study highlights a critical aspect of peri-implant healing, but also informs the biological rationale for the surface design of putative endosseous implant materials.
Improvement of Cycle Capability of FeS<sub>2</sub>Positive Electrode by Forming Composites with Li<sub>2</sub>S for Ambient Temperature Lithium Batteries (2011)

FeS2-Li2S composite positive electrode material, consisted of mainly Li3Fe2S4 and Li2.33Fe0.67S2, was prepared for improving the cycle capability of FeS2 in rechargeable lithium batteries with liquid electrolytes operated at ambient temperature. The electrochemical tests demonstrated that the FeS2-Li2S composite cells showed a relatively higher capacity retention after 15 cycles (ca. 64%) as compared with that of the FeS2 cells (ca. 26%), though both sample cells showed comparable initial discharge capacities (ca. 740 and 790 mAh·g−1 (4.2 and 4.5 mAh·cm−2), respectively). The improved cycle capability of the FeS2-Li2S cells was ascribed particularly to rather unchanged discharge plateau at ca. 2.0 V, which was reported to correspond to the reduction of sulfur. The ex-situ S K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements indicated that the redox reaction of sulfur ions (S22− + 2e− ⇔ 2S2−), associated with Li extraction / insertion reactions, was still active after 15 cycles in the FeS2-Li2S electrode, while such redox reactions almost disappeared in the FeS2 electrode. The atomic displacements required in the initial delithiation / lithiation were reduced in the FeS2-Li2S composite as compared with FeS2, which would give rise to the suppression of the structural irreversibility in the following charge / discharge, resulting in the improved cycle capability.
Out-of-Plane Nanoscale Reorganization of Lipid Molecules and Nanoparticles Revealed by Plasmonic Spectroscopy (2020)

Lipid bilayers assembled on solid substrates have been extensively studied with single-molecule resolution as the constituent molecules diffuse in 2D; however, the out-of-plane motion is typically ignored. Here we present the subnanometer out-of-plane diffusion of nanoparticles attached to hybrid lipid bilayers (HBLs) assembled on metal surfaces. The nanoscale cavity formed between the Au nanoparticle and Au film provides strongly enhanced optical fields capable of locally probing HBLs assembled in the gaps. This allows us to spectroscopically resolve the nanoparticles assembled on bilayers, near edges, and in membrane defects, showing the strong influence of charged lipid rafts. Nanoparticles sitting on the edges of the HBL are observed to flip onto and off of the bilayer, with flip energies of ∼10 meV showing how thermal energies dynamically modify lipid arrangements around a nanoparticle. We further resolve the movement of individual lipid molecules by doping the HBL with low concentrations of Texas Red (TxR) dye-labeled lipids.
Hardware-compressive 2-D fiber optic delay line architecture for time steering of phased-array antennas (1990)

The requirements for true time steering of phased array antennas are reviewed, and the resulting delay line hardware requirements are discussed. Two hardware-compressive fiber optic delay line architectures are then briefly described and quantitatively compared. The basics of phased array antenna partition are then presented. Based on these principles a delay-compressive and element-compressive 2-D fiber optic delay line architecture is described, and its basic characteristics and capabilities are discussed.
LIGHT expression in prostate cancer inhibits tumor growth and induces prostate antigen-specific immunity (156.2) (2011)

Abstract An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has always been a hurdle for successful immunotherapy even in the presence of induced tumor-specific T cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) appear to be key regulators in local immune suppression. LIGHT, a ligand for lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR), is predominantly expressed on activated immune cells, signaling via LTβR is required for the formation of organized lymphoid tissues. Forced expression of LIGHT recruits naive T cells into tumors and is capable of establishing tumor specific immunity. However this has never been tested in prostate cancer models where tolerance to self-antigen likely exists. Here we test the hypothesis that forced expression of LIGHT in prostate tumors induces prostate cancer-specific immunity and results in tumor regression by altering the suppressive activity of Tregs and consequently enhancing a more persistent proinflammatory microenvironment. Our data show that intratumoral expression of LIGHT via adenovirus delivery in TRAMP-C2 tumor challenged mice develop de novo CD8+ IFNγ-secreting prostate antigen-specific T cells and display increased survival compared to control treated mice. LIGHT-treated mice also display an increase in ratio of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes to Tregs as well as decrease in Treg suppression activity. Our data suggest that LIGHT treatment can alter the microenvironment such that natural and vaccine-induced prostate tumor antigen specific T cells mediate tumor regression.
A strategy to protect off-the-shelf cell therapy products using virus-specific T-cells engineered to eliminate alloreactive T-cells (2019)

Human T-cells can be genetically modified to eliminate alloreactive T-cells, providing a unique strategy to protect off-the-shelf cell therapy products. Allogeneic cell therapies have already proved effective in treating viral infections in the stem cell transplant setting, and have potential in other fields such as regenerative medicine. A strategy to prevent allograft rejection would greatly increase their efficacy and commercial viability.