gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State Space Projection onto Linear DAE Manifolds Using Conservation Principles (1998)

Continous physical system behavior can be effectively modeled by different equations, possibly supplement by a number of algebraic constraints. The time-derivative variables form the system state, and behavior evolves in state space. Algebraic equations define a manifold in state space to which behavior evolution is confined. Efficient algorithms exist to solve the additional constraints on the state variables to give the gradient of behavior along the manifold.
Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase as a Part of the Possible Down‐regulating Pathway in the Antigen Receptor‐Regulated Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Conjugate Formation and Granule Exocytosis (1988)

Screening activities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are viewed as a cycle of engagements and disengagements with target cells. One of the unexplained features of CTL activation is a biochemical mechanism of an "off" signal, which would result in disengagement of CTL from the target cell and termination of exocytosis of granules. Data are presented that suggest that cAMP dependent-protein kinase (PK-A) inhibits both early and late stages of antigen receptor-regulated CTL activation and may be a part of such an off signaling pathway.
Transcriptome profiles of Anopheles gambiae harboring natural low-level Plasmodium infection reveal adaptive advantages for the mosquito (2021)

Anopheline mosquitoes are the sole vectors for the Plasmodium pathogens responsible for malaria, which is among the oldest and most devastating of human diseases. The continuing global impact of malaria reflects the evolutionary success of a complex vector-pathogen relationship that accordingly has been the long-term focus of both debate and study. An open question in the biology of malaria transmission is the impact of naturally occurring low-level Plasmodium infections of the vector on the mosquito's health and longevity as well as critical behaviors such as host-preference/seeking. To begin to answer this, we have completed a comparative RNAseq-based transcriptome profile study examining the effect of biologically salient, salivary gland transmission-stage Plasmodium infection on the molecular physiology of Anopheles gambiae s.s. head, sensory appendages, and salivary glands. When compared with their uninfected counterparts, Plasmodium infected mosquitoes exhibit increased transcript abundance of genes associated with olfactory acuity as well as a range of synergistic processes that align with increased fitness based on both anti-aging and reproductive advantages. Taken together, these data argue against the long-held paradigm that malaria infection is pathogenic for anophelines and, instead suggests there are biological and evolutionary advantages for the mosquito that drive the preservation of its high vectorial capacity.
Digital Watermarking (2002)

Abstract The advent of the Internet has resulted in many new opportunities for creating and delivering content in digital form. Applications include electronic advertising, real‐time video and audio delivery, digital repositories and libraries, and Web publishing. An important issue that arises in these applications is protection of the rights of content owners. It has been recognized for quite some time that current copyright laws are inadequate for dealing with digital data. This has led to an interest in developing new copy deterrence and protective mechanisms. One approach that has been attracting increasing interest is based on digital watermarking techniques. Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into digital multimedia content such that the information (which is called the watermark) can later be extracted or detected for a variety of purposes, including copy prevention and control. Digital watermarking has become an active and important area of research, and development and commercialization of watermarking techniques is deemed essential to help address some of the challenges faced by the rapid proliferation of digital content. In the rest of this article, it is assumed that the content being watermarked is a still image, though most digital watermarking techniques are, in principle, equally applicable to audio and video data. A digital watermark can be visible or invisible . A visible watermark typically consists of a conspicuously visible message or a company logo indicating the ownership of the image. On the other hand, an invisibly watermarked image appears very similar to the original. The existence of an invisible watermark can be determined only by using an appropriate watermark extraction or detection algorithm. In this article, we restrict our attention to invisible watermarks. An invisible watermarking technique generally consists of an encoding process and a decoding process. Invisible watermarking schemes can also be classified as either robust or fragile . Robust watermarks are often used to prove ownership claims and so are generally designed to withstand common image processing tasks such as compression, cropping, scaling, filtering, contrast enhancement, and printing/scanning, in addition to malicious attacks aimed at removing or forging the watermark.
A 1.8-3.1 dB Noise Figure (3-10 GHz) SiGe HBT LNA For UWB Applications (2006)

We present the design and implementation of an ultra-wideband (UWB) silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) low-noise amplifier (LNA) for use in UWB systems. The use of a shunt base-emitter capacitor and weak shunt resistive feedback in a cascode amplifier with inductive degeneration significantly improves the input bandwidth of the LNA, and allows very low noise figure to be achieved simultaneously. The LNA was fabricated in a commercially-available 0.18 /spl mu/m 120 GHz SiGe HBT BiCMOS process technology. The circuit occupies an area of 0.72 mm/sup 2/, and exhibits a record noise figure (NF) of 1.8-3.1 dB across 3.0-10.0 GHz. This SiGe LNA is very broadband, covering the entire frequency range of 0.1 to 13.6 GHz, attains a maximum gain is 20.3 dB, and operates off a 3.3 V supply with a total power consumption of 26 mW.
Development of a New Combinatorial Approach to Multifunctional Catalysts: Metal Silsesquioxanes as Precursors to Microporous Metallosilicates (2001)

Abstract Microporous, silica‐supported metal oxides with a very narrow pore size distribution around 0.6 nm diameter, typical surface areas ranging from 350 to 700 m 2 /g, and loadings of well‐dispersed metal oxide (up to w = 10% of metal) result from the controlled calcination of silsesquioxane metal complexes. A versatile new methodology is envisioned that, in a combinatorial fashion, enables catalyst preparation with control over metal content and dispersity, together with adjustable Lewis and Brönsted acidity. In addition, the method is suitable for the preparation of bi and multifunctional catalysts containing different metals.
State-Selective Binding Peptides for Heterotrimeric G-Protein Subunits:Novel Tools for Investigating G-Protein Signaling Dynamics (2020)

Heterotrimeric G-proteins, comprising Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, are molecular switches that regulate numerous signaling pathways involved in cellular physiology. This characteristic is achieved by the adoption of two principal states: an inactive state in which GDP-bound Gα is complexed with the Gβγ dimer, and an active state in which GTP-bound Gα is freed of its Gβγ binding partner. Structural studies have illustrated the basis for the distinct conformations of these states which are regulated by alterations in three precise ‘switch regions’ of the Gα subunit. Discrete differences in conformation between GDP- and GTP-bound Gαunderlie its nucleotide-dependent protein-protein interactions (e.g., with Gβγ/receptor and effectors, respectively) that are critical for maintaining their proper nucleotide cycling and signaling properties. Recently, several screening approaches have been used to identify peptide sequences capable of interacting with Gα (and free Gβγ) in nucleotide-dependent fashions. These peptides have demonstrated applications in direct modulation of the nucleotide cycle, assessing the structural basis for aspects of Gα and Gβγ signaling, and serving as biosensor tools in assays for Gα activation including high-throughput drug screening. In this review, we highlight some of the methods used for such discoveries and discuss the insights that can be gleaned from application of these identified peptides.
Measurement of Dijet Angular Distributions and Search for Quark Compositeness in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>Collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math> (2011)

Dijet angular distributions are measured over a wide range of dijet invariant masses in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV, at the CERN LHC. The event sample, recorded with the CMS detector, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb⁻¹. The data are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of perturbative QCD, and yield no evidence of quark compositeness. With a modified frequentist approach, a lower limit on the contact interaction scale for left-handed quarks of Λ⁺ = 5.6 TeV (Λ⁻ = 6.7 TeV) for destructive (constructive) interference is obtained at the 95% confidence level.
Expression of a gene for an MLX56 defense protein derived from mulberry latex confers strong resistance against a broad range of insect pests on transgenic tomato lines (2021)

Insect pests cause serious damage in crop production, and various attempts have been made to produce insect-resistant crops, including the expression of genes for proteins with anti-herbivory activity, such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) toxins. However, the number of available genes with sufficient anti-herbivory activity is limited. MLX56 is an anti-herbivory protein isolated from the latex of mulberry plants, and has been shown to have strong growth-suppressing activity against the larvae of a variety of lepidopteran species. As a model of herbivore-resistant plants, we produced transgenic tomato lines expressing the gene for MLX56. The transgenic tomato lines showed strong anti-herbivory activities against the larvae of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. Surprisingly, the transgenic tomato lines also exhibited strong activity against the attack of western flower thrips, Frankliniera occidentalis. Further, growth of the hadda beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, fed on leaves of transgenic tomato was significantly retarded. The levels of damage caused by both western flower thrips and hadda beetles were negligible in the high-MLX56-expressing tomato line. These results indicate that introduction of the gene for MLX56 into crops can enhance crop resistance against a wide range of pest insects, and that MLX56 can be utilized in developing genetically modified (GM) pest-resistant crops.
Interactions of the nucleosomal core histones: a calorimetric study of octamer assembly (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions of the nucleosomal core histones: a calorimetric study of octamer assemblyRobert C. Benedict, Evangelos N. Moudrianakis, and Gary K. AckersCite this: Biochemistry 1984, 23, 6, 1214–1218Publication Date (Print):March 13, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 March 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00301a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (644 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
40 Years of <i>Macromolecules</i> (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXT40 Years of MacromoleculesTimothy P. LodgeView Author Information Editor, Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455Cite this: Macromolecules 2007, 40, 1, 1–2Publication Date (Web):December 13, 2006Publication History Published online13 December 2006Published inissue 1 January 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma062738shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma062738seditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views756Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (16 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Macromolecules,Polymerization Get e-Alerts
Adaptive Fuzzy Integral Sliding-Mode Control for Robust Fault-Tolerant Control of Robot Manipulators With Disturbance Observer (2020)

This article develops a new strategy for robust fault-tolerant control (FTC) of robot manipulators using an adaptive fuzzy integral sliding-mode control (ISMC) and a disturbance observer (DO). First, an ISMC is developed for the FTC system. The major features of the approach are discussed. Then, to enhance the performance of the system, a fuzzy logic system approximation and a DO are introduced to approximate the unknown nonlinear terms, which include the model uncertainty and fault components, and to estimate the compounded disturbance and then are integrated into the ISMC. Next, a switching term based on an adaptive two-layer supertwisting algorithm is designed to compensate the disturbance estimated error and guarantee stability and convergence of the whole system. The nominal controller of the ISMC is reconstructed using a backstepping control technique to achieve the stability for the nominal system based on the Lyapunov criterion. The computer simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Quasi-ternary nanoparticle superlattices through nanoparticle design (2007)

Individual nanoscale building blocks exhibit a wide range of size-dependent properties, since their size can be tuned over known characteristic length scales of bulk materials. In the last several years, the possibility of combining different materials in the form of two and three component nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively explored. Also multi-component materials can be obtained via self-assembly of NPs from their binary colloidal mixtures. These new nanocrystal solids may possess tunable collective properties that originate from interactions between size and composition controlled building blocks. Exchange coupling between neighboring NPs of magnetically soft and hard materials enhances the magnetic energy product of the nanocomposite material. Randomly mixed solids of small and large semiconducting CdSe NPs revealed enhancement of photoluminescence intensity of large semiconductor particles accompanied by quenching of photoluminescence of the small particles because of long-range resonant transfer of electronic excitations from the more electronically confined small particles to higher excited states of the large particles. Recently, it was demonstrated that binary semiconducting composite materials can show strongly enhanced electronic properties with about 100-fold higher conductance as compared to the sum of individual conductances of single-component films. Creation of highly periodic superlattices is expected not just provide the control of the homogeneity of the sample but also affect their properties. It was shown that silver nanocrystals organized into periodic cubic structures vibrated coherently [20] and demonstrated a change in electronic transport properties.
A framework for energy-efficient design of 5G technologies (2015)

This paper considers the problem of energy efficiency maximization in the uplink of a cluster of multiple-antenna coordinated access points. A framework for energy efficiency optimization is developed in which the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio takes a more general expression than existing alternatives so as to encompass most 5G candidate technologies. Two energy efficiency optimization problems are formulated, also considering quality-of-service (QoS) constraints: 1) network global energy efficiency maximization; 2) worst-case energy-efficient design. These fractional, non-convex problems are tackled by means of fractional programming coupled with sequential convex optimization, and two low-complexity resource allocation algorithms are designed, which are guaranteed to converge to local optima of the non-convex problems. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently balance between the goals of maximizing the energy efficiency and meeting the QoS constraints. Moreover, it is shown that a small sum-rate reduction allows large energy savings.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF AZAFLUORENONES (1978)

Abstract Die Azaphenanthrene (I) bzw. (IV) werden mit 1,05 zu den Chinonen (II) bzw. (V) oxidiert, die beim Erhitzen mit NaOH die Azafluorenone (III) bzw. (VI) liefern.
Functionalized Porous Silicon Surfaces as DESI-MS Substrates for Small Molecules Analysis (2014)

In desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS), the type of surface in addition to low gas and solvent flow rates help to avoid the "splashing of solvent" or "washing effect", by which samples are promptly removed from the surface by the spray. These effects operate on smooth surfaces and generally result in unstable signals as the spray moves over the spot. The aim of this work is to compare the performance of functionalized porous silicon surfaces (pSi) for small molecules analysis with regard to the stability of the signal and the limits of detection (LODs) observed in DESI-MS. The results showed that functional groups, like 1-decene and heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl trimethoxysilane, on pSi surface provides a good alternative for dried spot analysis by DESI-MS, improving stability of the signal and the LODs. This improvement is possible because the dual process containing the weak sample-surface interactions of the hydrophobic characteristic of the functional groups and increasing the surface area of interaction between the sample and the thin solvent film created by the DESI spray, resulting in more effective dissolution of the analyte in the spray solvent without fast removal of the sample.
Tuning the hopping parameter in the Oktay-Kronfeld action for charm and bottom quarks on a MILC HISQ ensemble (2016)

The first step in the calculation of semi-leptonic form factors in the decay of heavy mesons is the tuning of the hopping parameter $κ$ for the charm and bottom quark masses. Results for the Oktay-Kronfeld (OK) action are presented for one $N_f=2+1+1$ HISQ ensemble generated by the MILC collaboration at $a\approx 0.12\,\mathrm{fm}$ and $M_π\approx 310$ MeV. Estimates of hyperfine splitting of heavy-light and heavy-heavy mesons are presented and the inconsistency parameter is evaluated.
DECADE --- fast centroid approximation defuzzification for real time fuzzy control applications (1994)

Proceeding from an iterative centroid formula we develop a Centroid Approximation DEfuzzification (CADE) method and the add-shift algorithm DECADE (Decreased Effort Centroid AplSroxlmation DEfuzzlflcatlon). Examinations of the approximation error using typical examples as well as statistical methods show that DECADE is a'very good center of gravity (COG) estimate. Also concerning static, dynamic, and statistical behavior DECADE and COG are equivalent. Unlike other improved defuzzification algorithms DECADE reduces the computational effort drastically and provides excellent hardware realization abilities making DECADE a very interesting alternative for the design of fuzzy controllers fbr real time problems.
Longitudinal Changes in Volumetric Breast Density with Tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitors (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Reductions in breast density with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors may be an intermediate marker of treatment response. We compare changes in volumetric breast density among breast cancer cases using tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (AI) to untreated women without breast cancer.<b>Methods:</b> Breast cancer cases with a digital mammogram prior to diagnosis and after initiation of tamoxifen (<i>n</i> = 366) or AI (<i>n</i> = 403) and a sample of controls (<i>n</i> = 2170) were identified from the Mayo Clinic Mammography Practice and San Francisco Mammography Registry. Volumetric percent density (VPD) and dense breast volume (DV) were measured using Volpara (Matakina Technology) and Quantra (Hologic) software. Linear regression estimated the effect of treatment on annualized changes in density.<b>Results:</b> Premenopausal women using tamoxifen experienced annualized declines in VPD of 1.17% to 1.70% compared with 0.30% to 0.56% for controls and declines in DV of 7.43 to 15.13 cm<sup>3</sup> compared with 0.28 to 0.63 cm<sup>3</sup> in controls, for Volpara and Quantra, respectively. The greatest reductions were observed among women with ≥10% baseline density. Postmenopausal AI users had greater declines in VPD than controls (Volpara <i>P</i> = 0.02; Quantra <i>P</i> = 0.03), and reductions were greatest among women with ≥10% baseline density. Declines in VPD among postmenopausal women using tamoxifen were only statistically greater than controls when measured with Quantra.<b>Conclusions:</b> Automated software can detect volumetric breast density changes among women on tamoxifen and AI.<b>Impact:</b> If declines in volumetric density predict breast cancer outcomes, these measures may be used as interim prognostic indicators. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 930-7. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A universal sampling method for reconstructing signals with simple Fourier transforms (2019)

Reconstructing continuous signals based on a small number of discrete samples is a fundamental problem across science and engineering. We are often interested in signals with "simple'' Fourier structure -- e.g., those involving frequencies within a bounded range, a small number of frequencies, or a few blocks of frequencies -- i.e., bandlimited, sparse, and multiband signals, respectively. More broadly, any prior knowledge on a signal's Fourier power spectrum can constrain its complexity. Intuitively, signals with more highly constrained Fourier structure require fewer samples to reconstruct.