gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deregulation of biometal homeostasis: the missing link for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses? (2014)

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a group of genetically distinct fatal neurodegenerative disorders with no treatment or cure, are clinically characterised by progressive motor and visual decline leading to premature death. While the underlying pathological mechanisms are yet to be precisely determined, the diseases share several common features including inflammation, lysosomal lipofuscin deposits and lipid abnormalities. An important hallmark of most common neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and motor neuron diseases is deregulation of biologically active metal homeostasis. Metals such as zinc, copper and iron are critical enzyme cofactors and are important for synaptic transmission in the brain, but can mediate oxidative neurotoxicity when homeostatic regulatory mechanisms fail. We previously demonstrated biometal accumulation and altered biometal transporter expression in 3 animal models of CLN6 NCL disease. In this study we investigated the hypothesis that altered biometal homeostasis may be a feature of NCLs in general using 3 additional animal models of CLN1, CLN3 and CLN5 disease. We demonstrated significant accumulation of the biometals zinc, copper, manganese, iron and cobalt in these mice. Patterns of biometal accumulation in each model preceded significant neurodegeneration, and paralleled the relative severity of disease previously described for each model. Additionally, we observed deregulation of transcripts encoding the anti-oxidant protein, metallothionein (Mt), indicative of disruptions to biometal homeostasis. These results demonstrate that altered biometal homeostasis is a key feature of at least 4 genetically distinct forms of NCL disease.
Design charts to maximize the gain-bandwidth product of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (2006)

In this work we define a performance measure for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUT) in the form of a gain-bandwidth product to investigate the conditions that optimize the gain and bandwidth with respect to device dimensions, electrode size and electrical termination resistance. For the transmit mode, we define the figure of merit as the pressure-bandwidth product. Fully-metallized membranes achieve a higher pressure-bandwidth product compared to partially metallized ones. It is shown that the bandwidth is not affected by the electrode size in the transmit mode. In the receive mode, we define the figure of merit as the gain-bandwidth product. We show in this case that the figure of merit can be maximized by optimizing the electrode radius. We present normalized charts for designing an optimum cMUT cell at the desired frequency with a given bandwidth for transmit or receive modes. The effect of spurious capacitance and liquid loading effect are considered. Design examples are given to clarify the use of these charts.
Polyphenylglyoxamide-Based Amphiphilic Small Molecular Peptidomimetics as Antibacterial Agents with Anti-Biofilm Activity (2021)

The rapid emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is a major global health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and peptidomimetics have arisen as a new class of antibacterial agents in recent years in an attempt to overcome antibiotic resistance. A library of phenylglyoxamide-based small molecular peptidomimetics was synthesised by incorporating an <i>N</i>-alkylsulfonyl hydrophobic group with varying alkyl chain lengths and a hydrophilic cationic group into a glyoxamide core appended to phenyl ring systems. The quaternary ammonium iodide salts <b>16d</b> and <b>17c</b> showed excellent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 and 8 μM (2.9 and 5.6 μg/mL) against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, respectively, while the guanidinium hydrochloride salt <b>34a</b> showed an MIC of 16 μM (8.5 μg/mL) against <i>Escherichia coli.</i> Additionally, the quaternary ammonium iodide salt <b>17c</b> inhibited 70% <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation at 16 μM. It also disrupted 44% of pre-established <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms at 32 μM and 28% of pre-established <i>E. coli</i> biofilms 64 μM, respectively. A cytoplasmic membrane permeability study indicated that the synthesised peptidomimetics acted via disruption and depolarisation of membranes. Moreover, the quaternary ammonium iodide salts <b>16d</b> and <b>17c</b> were non-toxic against human cells at their therapeutic dosages against <i>S. aureus</i>.
GPR147 dimerization studies by fluorescence imaging in living cells (2016)

The GPR147, also known as Neuropeptide FF1 Receptor (Bonini et al., 2000), is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GpCR) that binds the Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) or the RFamide-related peptide-3 (RfRP3) peptide (Smith & Clarke, 2010).These ligands play a role in the control of reproduction in mammals and birds. The GPR147 is expressed in neurons (i.e GnRH neurons) and takes part with other GpCR, as GnRHr and GPR54 (GnRH and Kiss peptide receptor respectively), in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axe. We have generated plasmids to express all these receptors as fusion fluorescent proteins and studied the homodimerization of GPR147 and the heterodimerization with GPR54 and GnRHr receptors, by FRET, BiFC and in the current approach by Fluorescence anisotropy.
Commercial 3-dimensional imaging programs are not created equal: version and inclination measurement positions vary among preoperative planning software (2022)

PPS systems for shoulder arthroplasty vary in the region of the glenoid for which version and inclination are measured, which may affect the absolute values generated. Location of version measurement was different among the two commercial software programs, with VIP corresponding closest to the most inferior region of the glenoid, while Blueprint to the most superior one. Further research should assist in determining the version and inclination variations among commercial planning software.
Proteolytic processing of human preproapolipoprotein A-I. A proposed defect in the conversion of pro A-I to A-I in Tangier's disease. (1983)

The primary translation product of human intestinal apolipoprotein A-I mRNA was isolated from wheat germ and ascites cell-free translation systems. Comparison of its NH2-terminal sequence with that of plasma high density lipoprotein-associated A-I showed that it is initially synthesized as a preproprotein. Like rat preproapolipoprotein A-I, it contains an 18-amino acid prepeptide and a 6-amino acid propeptide. The highly unusual COOH-terminal Gln-Gln dipeptide present in the rat pro-segment is also represented at the same position in the human sequence. The functional division of the 24-amino acid NH2-terminal extention into pro- and presegments was verified by finding that the stable intracellular form of A-I in a human hepatoma cell line was the proprotein. Edman degradation of radiolabeled intracellular and extracellular A-I indicated that this apolipoprotein was secreted without proteolytic cleavage of its hexapeptide prosegment. Therefore, it appears that apolipoprotein A-I undergoes an additional proteolytic processing step before it is fully integrated into plasma high density lipoprotein. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of purified proapolipoprotein A-I isolated from the hepatocyte cell culture media indicated that it corresponds to isoforms 2 and 3, the basic A-I isoproteins which are the precursors of plasma A-I and the predominant plasma A-I isoforms found in patients with Tangier's disease (Zannis, V. I., Lees, A. M., Lees, R. S., and Breslow, J. L. (1982) J. Biol. Chem., 257, 4978-4986). Therefore this pathologic state probably arises from a defect in the conversion of proapolipoprotein A-I to apolipoprotein A-I.
Overbooking network slices through yield-driven end-to-end orchestration (2018)

Network slicing allows mobile operators to offer, via proper abstractions, mobile infrastructure (radio, networking, computing) to vertical sectors traditionally alien to the telco industry (e.g., automotive, health, construction). Owning to similar business nature, in this paper we adopt yield management models successful in other sectors (e.g. airlines, hotels, etc.) and so we explore the concept of slice overbooking to maximize the revenue of mobile operators.
Enhanced amorphous silicon technology for 320 x 240 microbolometer arrays with a pitch of 35 μm (2001)

LETI LIR has been involved in Amorphous Silicon uncooled microbolometer development for years. This technology is now in production at Sofradir and first delivery have already been done to customers. From our background in modeling and material mastering LETI/LIR concentrate now on performance enhancement. This is a key point for cost reduction due to the fact that signal to noise ratio enhancement will allow us to decrease the pitch. A new approach of packaging is also described in this paper and first results are displayed. A new technological stack of amorphous silicon fully compatible with industrial process is presented. Electro-optical results obtained from an IRCMOS 320 X 240 with 35 &mu;m pitch are presented. NETD close to 35 mK has been obtained with our new embodiment of amorphous silicon microbolometer technology.
Correlation between shear stress and wall thickening in human carotid artery: I. preliminary repeatability studies of MRI data (2007)

Monitoring the blood flow pattern inside the arteries over a period of time can give significant insights into the development of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the validity of the data collected over a period of time to perform blood flow analysis in the arteries should be determined before hand. In this work, a validity check is performed for using the MRI data of a carotid vessel collected at different times to perform a blood flow analysis. The collected MRI data is used to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the carotid bifurcation and this geometry is used in a finite element model to conduct a blood flow analysis. This process is repeated for the two different sets of MRI data of an individual, collected at two different periods in time. The results of the blood flow pattern inside the carotid for the two different cases are very similar. This work shows that the procedure is robust and precise to give highly repeatable results for the blood flow pattern.
A Cramér Distance perspective on Quantile Regression based Distributional Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Distributional reinforcement learning (DRL) extends the value-based approach by approximating the full distribution over future returns instead of the mean only, providing a richer signal that leads to improved performances. Quantile Regression (QR) based methods like QR-DQN project arbitrary distributions into a parametric subset of staircase distributions by minimizing the 1-Wasserstein distance. However, due to biases in the gradients, the quantile regression loss is used instead for training, guaranteeing the same minimizer and enjoying unbiased gradients. Non-crossing constraints on the quantiles have been shown to improve the performance of QR-DQN for uncertainty-based exploration strategies. The contribution of this work is in the setting of fixed quantile levels and is twofold. First, we prove that the Cramér distance yields a projection that coincides with the 1-Wasserstein one and that, under non-crossing constraints, the squared Cramér and the quantile regression losses yield collinear gradients, shedding light on the connection between these important elements of DRL. Second, we propose a low complexity algorithm to compute the Cramér distance.
High frequency broadband arbitrary coded excitation in ultrasound microscopy (2012)

We built a 200+ MHz ultrasound microscope that can employ broad band arbitrary coded signals. Our solution is based on quadrature modulation and T/R-switching. We show that the instrument works with linear and non-linear chirp signals (100 - 300 MHz). We imaged a 5 μm tall MEMS step structure with our device and with a commercial pulser, the results were comparable. Cross-talk from the local oscillator in the quadrature modulator affects the pulse compression. This limits the use of codes at the oscillator frequency.
NMR study of disorder in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2005)

The observation of first order satellites in the NMR spectra of $^{47}\mathrm{Ti}$ and $^{49}\mathrm{Ti}$ in the cubic phases of $\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ as well as $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ enriched $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}^{18}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ demonstrates the presence of nonzero quadrupole coupling at the Ti sites in all these systems. This is incompatible with the central position of Ti in the oxygen octahedron and requires the presence of off-center Ti sites and dynamic disorder even in the paraelectric cubic phase. The Ti potential surface does not seem to change significantly at the cubic-tetragonal transitions. The pure 8-site ``order-disorder'' model however does not agree with the experiment. A good agreement with the experimental data is obtained if in addition to the dynamic Ti disorder the ``displacive'' soft mode induced deformation of the unit cell shape in the dynamic tetragonal nanodomains, existing in the cubic phase, is taken into account. The simultaneous presence of the Ti disorder and the soft mode leads to a special type of phase transition with combined ``displacive'' and ``order-disorder'' character.
Value of bifacial photovoltaics used with highly reflective ground materials on single‐axis trackers and fixed‐tilt systems: a Danish case study (2020)

The energy produced by bifacial photovoltaic (PV) arrays can be augmented via albedo enhancements. However, the value of the additional energy must outweigh the costs for such modifications to be economically viable. In this work, the electrical performance and economic value of six 13 kWp crystalline‐silicon (c‐Si) PV arrays with distinct configurations are evaluated. The system designs include horizontal single axis trackers (HSAT) and 25° fixed‐tilt structures, monofacial and bifacial PV panels, and low and high ground albedo. The value of the system designs is assessed using onsite electrical measurements and spot prices from the Nord Pool electricity market. We find that HSAT systems increase the annual value factor ( VF ) by 4% and decrease levelized cost of energy ( LCOE ) by 3.5 EUR/MWh relative to fixed‐tilt systems. The use of bifacial panels can increase the VF by 1% and decrease LCOE by 4.0 EUR/MWh. However, a negligible VF increase and modest LCOE decrease was found in systems with bifacial panels and ground albedo enhancements. Although our results show that albedo enhancements result in lower LCOE than designs without, the uncertainty in upfront and ongoing costs of altering the ground in utility‐scale PV parks makes the solution presently unadvisable.
Investigation of InGaN green light-emitting diodes with chirped multiple quantum well structures (2012)

The effect of using chirped multiple quantum-well (MQW) structures in InGaN green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is numerically investigated. An active structure, which is with both thick QWs with low indium composition on the p-side and thin QWs with high indium composition next to the n-region, is presented in this study. The thickness and indium composition in each single QW is specifically tuned to emit the same green emission spectrum. Comparing with conventional active structure design of green LEDs, which is using uniform MQWs, the output power is increased by 27% at 20 mA, and by 15% at 100 mA current injections. This improvement is mainly attributed to the enhanced efficiency of carrier injection into QWs and the improved capability of carrier transport.
Histamine lipolysis I: changes in the free fatty acid levels of dog plasma after intravenous infusion of histamine. (1990)

The effects of histamine (Hi) and related compounds on free fatty acid (FFA) levels and % changes in FFA composition of dog plasma were studied after intravenous infusion. Hi at doses of 2-10 micrograms/kg while affecting no changes in the cardiovascular system elicited a dose-related increase in FFA levels in plasma, as did epinephrine. Though all of the FFA concentrations in plasma were increased by Hi infusion, % change of each FFA in the composition did not correspond to that of plasma concentration; % increases in palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid and linoleic acid were remarkable, while stearic acid (18:0) was lowest. The increase in arachidonic acid was not marked, but a dose-related increase was observed after Hi infusion. The H2-agonist 4-methylHi produced an increase in FFA levels, whereas the H1-agonist 2-methylHi was not effective. 4-MethylHi increased all of the plasma FFA levels and the relative changes were similar to those caused by Hi. The effect induced by Hi was blocked by the H2-antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine. Pretreatment with aminophylline potentiated the Hi effect, indicating that Hi lipolysis may be intimately related to cyclic AMP.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Methylation Reaction of gem‐ Bromofluorospiropentanes with Methyllithium. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Predicting Equipment Failure Using IoT and AI (2018)

弊社では，IoTやM2Mという言葉がまだ無かった2006年から携帯電話網を利用して機器の遠隔監視を提供していた経験を活かし，IoTプラットフォームサービスを自社開発，提供している。また，IoTプラットフォームサービスにより大量に蓄積したセンサデータの活用として，AI（機械学習）を使った設備故障予知を幾つかの実証を経て2016年から故障予知サービスとして提供を始めている。
How to govern the digital transformation of health services (2019)

The impact of digitalization of health services has been profound and is expected to be even more profound in the future. It is important to evaluate whether digital health services contribute to health system goals in an optimal way. This should be done at the level of the service, not the 'digital transformation'. Decisions to adopt new digital health services, at different levels of the health care system, are ideally based on evidence regarding their performance in light of health system goals. In order to evaluate this, a broad perspective should be taken in evaluations of digital health services. Attainment of the broad health system goals, including quality, efficiency and equity, are objectives against which to judge new digital health services. These goals in a broad sense are unaltered by the process of digitalization. Governance should be designed and tailored in such a way to capture all relevant changes in an adequate way. When evaluating digital health services many specific aspects need to be considered. Like for other innovations and (new) technologies, such promises may or may not materialize and potential benefits may also be accompanied by unintended and/or negative (side) effects in the short or long term. Hence, the introduction, implementation, use and funding of digital health technologies should be carefully evaluated and monitored. Governments should play a more active role in the further optimization both of the process of decision making (both at the central and decentral level) and the related outcomes. They need to find a balance between centralized and decentralized activity. Moreover, the broader preparation of the health care system to be able to deal with digitalization, from education, through financial and regulatory preconditions, to implementation of monitoring systems to monitor its effects on health system performance remains important.
Formation of Microscopic Voids in Resin Transfer Molded Composites (2004)

Performance of composite materials usually suffers from process-induced defects such as dry spots and microscopic voids. While effects of void content in molded composites have been studied extensively, knowledge of void morphology and spatial distribution of voids in composites manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM) remains limited. In this study, through-the-thickness void distribution for a disk-shaped, E-glass/epoxy composite part manufactured by resin transfer molding is investigated. Microscopic image analysis is conducted through-the-thickness of a radial sample obtained from the molded composite disk. Voids are found to concentrate primarily within or adjacent to the fiber preforms. More than 93% of the voids are observed within the preform or in a so-called transition zone, next to a fibrous region. In addition, void content was found to fluctuate through-the-thickness of the composite. Variation up to 17% of the average void content of 2.15% is observed through-the-thicknesses of the eight layers studied. Microscopic analysis revealed that average size of voids near the mold surfaces is slightly larger than those located at the interior of the composite. In addition, average size of voids that are located within the fiber preform is observed to be smaller than those located in other regions of the composite. Finally, proximity to the surface is found to have no apparent effect on shape of voids within the composite.
Genetics of Mycobacterial Trehalose Metabolism (2015)

Trehalose is a natural nonreducing glucose disaccharide comprising an α,α-1,1-glycosidic linkage [α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-α-d-glucopyranoside]. The discovery of trehalose is credited to H. A. L. Wiggers (1832), who isolated a nonreducing sugar-like substance from the ergot fungus (Claviceps pupurea) of rye. Later this sugar was chemically characterized by Mitscherlich (1857), who termed it “mycose.” About the same time (1858), the French chemist M. Berthelot isolated and characterized a sugar substance from “trehala manna,” the sweet-tasting cocoon from the lepidopterous beetle Larinus nidificans, and coined the term “trehalose.” In 1876, M. A. Müntz found that trehalose and mycose were identical (see reference 1 for an overview of the historical perspective). Since then, it has become clear that trehalose is a truly ubiquitous molecule that is synthesized by many different organisms including bacteria, yeasts, fungi, plants, and invertebrates. In the early days, trehalose was believed to exclusively serve as a carbon storage compound. Trehalose is nontoxic and, thus, accumulation to high intracellular concentrations is well tolerated. From this depot, glucose can rapidly be mobilized by hydrolysis mediated by the enzyme trehalase.
Improving data quality with dynamic forms (2009)

Organizations in developing regions want to efficiently collect digital data, but standard data gathering practices from the developed world are often inappropriate. Traditional techniques for form design and data quality are expensive and labour-intensive. We propose a new data-driven approach to form design, execution (filling) and quality assurance. We demonstrate USHER, an end-to-end system that automatically generates data entry forms that enforce and maintain data quality constraints during execution. The system features a probabilistic engine that drives form-user interactions to encourage correct answers.