gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Screw Theory to Detect Multiple Conflicting Key Characteristics in Complex Mechanical Products (1999)

Abstract Complex mechanical products, such as automobiles and airplanes, must satisfy many customer requirements, commonly called Key Characteristics (KCs). Such products have many separate parts, all of which must cooperate to deliver these requirements. In many cases there are more requirements than degrees of freedom available to meet them all independently, requiring prioritization. This problem is called KC conflict. In a highly complex product, such conflicts can be difficult to detect during design. This paper defines this problem and shows how screw theory can be used to detect and potentially correct it.
Immunoreactivity of Stat5 phosphorylated on tyrosine as a cell‐based measure of Bcr/Abl kinase activity (2003)

We have developed a sensitive cytometric assay for Bcr/Abl kinase activity in human hematopoietic cell lines.
A phasemeter concept for space applications that integrates an autonomous signal acquisition stage based on the discrete wavelet transform (2015)

We describe a phasemeter designed to autonomously acquire and track a heterodyne signal with low signal-to-noise ratio in a frequency band that spans from 1 MHz to 25 MHz. The background driving some of the design criterions of the phasemeter comes from studies on future space mission concepts such as orbiting gravitational wave observatories and next generation geodesy missions which all rely on tracking phasemeters in order to meet their mission goal. The phasemeter has been implemented within a field programmable gate array trying to minimize the requirement of computational resources and its performance has been tested using signal generators. Laboratory test has shown that the phasemeter is capable of locking to an input signal in less than half a millisecond, while its phase measurement accuracy is in the micro-radian range for measurement frequencies that span from mHz to Hz.
A novel calcium-dependent mechanism of acquired resistance to IGF-1 receptor inhibition in prostate cancer cells (2014)

Inhibition of the mitogenic insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) signaling axis is a compelling treatment strategy for prostate cancer. Combining the IGF-1R inhibitor ganitumab (formerly AMG 479) with standard of care androgen-deprivation therapy greatly delays prostate cancer recurrence in xenograft models; however, a significant proportion of these tumors ultimately acquire resistance to ganitumab. Here we describe the development of a stable and reproducible ganitumab-resistant VCaP human prostate cancer cell derivative termed VCaP/GanR to investigate the mechanism of acquired resistance to IGF-1R inhibition. Unlike parental VCaP, VCaP/GanR did not undergo apoptosis following ganitumab treatment. VCaP/GanR did not express increased levels of IGF-1R, insulin receptor, or phospho-AKT compared to parental VCaP. VCaP/GanR exhibited increased levels of phospho-S6 indicative of increased mTOR activity. However, acquired resistance to ganitumab was not dependent on increased mTOR activity in VCaP/GanR. Phospho-proteomic arrays revealed alterations in several calcium-regulated signaling components in VCaP/GanR compared to VCaP. Reduction of intracellular calcium using cell-permeable calcium-specific chelators restored ganitumab sensitivity to VCaP/GanR through inhibition of cell-cycle progression. These data suggest a new mechanism of resistance to IGF-1R inhibition involving calcium-mediated proliferation effects. Such pathways should be considered in future clinical studies of IGF-1R inhibitors in prostate cancer.
Potentiation by 2'-deoxycoformycin of the inhibitory effect by 3'-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin) on nuclear RNA synthesis in L1210 cells in vitro. (1978)

The effect of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin, on the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on nuclear RNA synthesis was examined in L1210 cells in vitro. The median inhibitory dose for the effect of deoxycoformycin on adenosine deaminase was 4 X 10(-8) M, and 100% inhibition was achieved at 5 X 10(-7) M. Pretreatment of cells for 30 min with 1 X 10(-6) M deoxycoformycin resulted in a reduction of the median inhibitory dose for cordycepin from 2.5 X 10(-4) to 1.8 X 10(-5) M, as assessed by the measurement of [3H]uridine incorporation into total RNA. Measurement of the synthesis of nuclear ribosomal RNA, nonpolyadenylic acid heterogeneous RNA, and polyadenylic acid heterogeneous RNA revealed potentiation by 2'-deoxycoformycin of the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on all species of RNA, as well as on polyadenylic acid synthesis. No differences were noted in the size of nuclear polyadenylic acid obtained from cells treated with cordycepin in either the presence or the absence of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor. These results suggest that the potentiation by 2'-deoxycoformycin of the cytotoxic and antitumor effects of cordycepin on L1210 cells in vivo is related to inhibition of nuclear RNA synthesis.
New methods for enhanced and efficient battery maintenance (2012)

Ohmic measurements (Conductance, Impedance, Resistance) have been in use in telecommunications networks for battery state of health assessment since the 1980s. The technology hasa track record of effectiveness and is an efficient tool for as part of an overall battery maintenance program, providing cost and time savings and advance warning of battery degradation in key systems.
Measurement of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxins (2017)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines plays critical roles in all aspects of the immune response. TNF and the lymphotoxins (LT), LTα and LTβ, are particularly important as major effector cytokines and mediators or lymphoid organ development. One of the classical methods for the measurement of TNF and LTα activity is by demonstrating their ability to lyse certain target cells. A detailed protocol for the measurement of this activity using a highly sensitive indicator cell line is presented. More recently, ELISA assays have been developed to measure the protein concentration of these cytokines in any type of biologic fluid. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Numerical Modelling of Vortex Induced Vibrations in Submarine Pipelines (2008)

Vortex induced vibration is a major cause of fatigue failure in submarine oil and gas pipelines and steel catenary risers. Even moderate currents can induce vortex shedding, alternately at the top and bottom of the pipeline, at a rate determined by the flow velocity. Each time a vortex sheds, a force is generated in both the in-line and cross-flow direction, causing an oscillatory multi-mode vibration. This vortex induced vibration can give rise to fatigue damage of submarine pipeline spans, especially in the vicinity of the girth welds. In this paper, COMSOL Multiphysics is applied to study the flow pattern around submarine pipeline spans, and predict the amplitude and frequency of the vortex induced vibrations. The sensitivity of the computational fluid dynamics model to geometric parameters and flow variables is investigated. Mitigation measures - like helical strakes and fairings- are addressed, and their effectiveness is evaluated. At the end, the potential of applying multiphysics methods to solve coupled problems in pipeline design is briefly discussed.
Reducing Inappropriate Urinary Catheter Use in the Emergency Department: Comparing Two Collaborative Structures (2017)

BACKGROUND Urinary catheters, many of which are placed in the emergency department (ED) setting, are often inappropriate, and they are associated with infectious and noninfectious complications. Although several studies evaluating the effect of interventions have focused on reducing catheter use in the ED setting, the organizational contexts within which these interventions were implemented have not been compared. METHODS A total of 18 hospitals in the Ascension health system (ie, system-based hospitals) and 16 hospitals in the state of Michigan (ie, state-based hospitals led by the Michigan Health and Hospital Association) implemented ED interventions focused on reducing urinary catheter use. Data on urinary catheter placement in the ED, indications for catheter use, and presence of physician order for catheter placement were collected for interventions in both hospital types. Multilevel negative binomial regression was used to compare the system-based versus state-based interventions. RESULTS A total of 13,215 patients (889 with catheters) from the system-based intervention were compared to 12,104 patients (718 with catheters) from the state-based intervention. Statistically significant and sustainable reductions in urinary catheter placement (incidence rate ratio, 0.79; P=.02) and improvements in appropriate use of urinary catheters (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; P=.004) in the ED were observed in the system-based intervention, compared to the state-based intervention. Differences by collaborative structure in changes in presence of physician order for urinary catheter placement (OR, 1.14; P=.60) were not observed. CONCLUSIONS An ED intervention consisting of establishing institutional guidelines for appropriate catheter placement and identifying clinical champions to promote adherence was associated with reducing unnecessary urinary catheter use under a system-based collaborative structure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:77-84.
The molecular cloning of interleukins 4, 5 and 6: multifunctional hemopoietic growth factors. (1988)

We summarize here our recent studies on the cloning and characterization of three lymphokines which are produced by activated T cells. Interleukins 4, 5 and 6 are involved in the regulation of B cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. IL-4 can activate resting B cells, while IL-5 stimulates the proliferation of activated B cells. Both of these factors also have a role in regulating the isotype of immunoglobulin produced by cultures of D cells. IL-6 appears to induce the differentiation of B cells to secrete high levels of immunoglobulin. In addition, each of these factors is involved in the regulation of other lineages of hemopoietic cells. Thus, T cells control multiple lineages of myeloid and lymphoid cells through the diverse actions of multiple lymphokines. IL-6 is exceptional because it is produced by a variety of cell types, and its action is not restricted to hemopoietic cells.
Shedding light on host niches: label-free<i>in situ</i>detection of<i>M</i><i>ycobacterium gordonae</i>via carotenoids in macrophages by Raman microspectroscopy (2014)

Macrophages are the primary habitat of pathogenic mycobacteria during infections. Current research about the host-pathogen interaction on the cellular level is still going on. The present study proves the potential of Raman microspectroscopy as a label-free and non-invasive method to investigate intracellular mycobacteria in situ. Therefore, macrophages were infected with Mycobacterium gordonae, a mycobacterium known to cause inflammation linked to intracellular survival in macrophages. Here, we show that Raman maps provided spatial and spectral information about the position of bacteria within determined cell margins of macrophages in two-dimensional scans and in three-dimensional image stacks. Simultaneously, the relative intracellular concentration and distributions of cellular constituents such as DNA, proteins and lipids provided phenotypic information about the infected macrophages. Locations of bacteria outside or close to the outer membrane of the macrophages were notably different in their spectral pattern compared with intracellular once. Furthermore, accumulations of bacteria inside of macrophages exhibit distinct spectral/molecular information because of the chemical composition of the intracellular microenvironment. The data show that the connection of microscopically and chemically gained information provided by Raman microspectroscopy offers a new analytical way to detect and to characterize the mycobacterial infection of macrophages.
Mechanical Properties of Lithium Metal for Next Generation Batteries (2019)

Recent technological innovations such as electrified vehicles and personal electronics have enabled by meaningful advances in lithium ion batteries. Due to long term investment in battery materials and manufacturing, this technology has improved at a relatively steady 8% per year (in terms of specific energy, Wh/kg) since introduction in 1991. To increase the rate of electrified vehicle adoption, revolutionary improvements in battery technology are needed beyond what is currently available. Currently, three chemistries comprise the next generation battery direction; solid-state (SS), lithium-sulfur and lithium-air. All of these chemistries would benefit from the use of lithium metal anodes as one of the primary means of improving energy density. A SS separator of comparable dimensions as a conventional polyolefin separator could lead to ~100% improvement in cell energy density by enabling metallic lithium anodes [1]. Despite the considerable interest and dependence on lithium anodes in future generation batteries, its mechanical properties are poorly understood. The successful integration of pure lithium metal anodes will require understanding and predicting its mechanical behavior under static and cycling conditions. Recently our group investigated the elastic, plastic and creep behavior or lithium metal [2]. This presentation will extend the scope from our previous study emphasizing general property characterization to more battery specific mechanical environments, specifically aspect ratio and strain speed. Modern lithium ion battery electrodes having large surface area to volume ratios yielding low aspect ratios which are very different than traditional mechanical testing (i.e. 2 to 4). Additionally there is growing interest in fast charge/discharge, resulting in relatively short periods of mechanical compression, again different from traditional strain speeds (i.e. 1x10 -3 sec -1 ). The impact of aspect ratio and strain rate on lithium’s mechanical properties will be shown. REFERENCES [1] Albertus, P. et al. Nature Energy, 3 ( 2018 ) 16-21. [2] Masias, A. et al. J. Mat. Sci. , 54(3) ( 2018 ), 2585-2600.
Systematic analysis of bias and variability of morphologic features for lung lesions in computed tomography (2019)

We propose to characterize the bias and variability of quantitative morphology features of lung lesions across a range of computed tomography (CT) imaging conditions. A total of 15 lung lesions were simulated (five in each of three spiculation classes: low, medium, and high). For each lesion, a series of simulated CT images representing different imaging conditions were synthesized by applying three-dimensional blur and adding correlated noise based on the measured noise and resolution properties of five commercial multislice CT systems, representing three dose levels ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>CTDI</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mtext>vol</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of 1.90, 3.75, 7.50 mGy), three slice thicknesses (0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mm), and 33 clinical reconstruction kernels from five clinical scanners. The images were segmented using three segmentation algorithms and each algorithm was evaluated by computing a Sørensen-Dice coefficient between the ground truth and the segmentation. A series of 21 shape-based morphology features were extracted from both "ground truth" (i.e., preblur without noise) and "image rendered" lesions (i.e., postblur and with noise). For each morphology feature, the bias was quantified by comparing the percentage relative error in the morphology metric between the imaged lesions and the ground-truth lesions. The variability was characterized by calculating the average coefficient of variation averaged across repeats and imaging conditions. The active contour segmentation had the highest average Dice coefficient of 0.80 followed by 0.63 for threshold, and 0.39 for fuzzy c-means. The bias of the features was segmentation algorithm and feature-dependent, with sharper kernels being less biased and smoother kernels being more biased in general. The feature variability from simulated images ranged from 0.30% to 10% for repeats of the same condition and from 0.74% to 25.3% for different lesions in the same spiculation class. In conclusion, the bias of morphology features is dependent on the acquisition protocol in combination with the segmentation algorithm used and the variability is primarily dependent on the segmentation algorithm.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors
Pressure Oscillation and Chemical Kinetics Coupling during Knock Processes in Gasoline Engine Combustion (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionPressure Oscillation and Chemical Kinetics Coupling during Knock Processes in Gasoline Engine CombustionZhi Wang, Yue Wang, and Rolf D. Reitz*Cite this: Energy Fuels 2013, 27, 1, 599Publication Date (Web):January 9, 2013Publication History Published online9 January 2013Published inissue 17 January 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef400005shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ef400005scorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (112 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A fully 3D iterative image reconstruction algorithm incorporating data corrections (2005)

In this study, we implemented a fully 3D maximum likelihood ordered subsets expectation maximization (ML-OSEM) reconstruction algorithm with two methods for corrections of randoms, and scatter coincidences: (a) measured data were pre-corrected for randoms and scatter, and (b) corrections were incorporated into the iterative algorithm. In 3D PET acquisitions, the random and scatter coincidences constitute a significant fraction of the measured coincidences. ML-OSEM reconstruction algorithms make assumptions of Poisson distributed data. Pre-corrections for random and scatter coincidences result in deviations from that assumption, potentially leading to increased noise and inconsistent convergence. Incorporating the corrections inside the loop of the iterative reconstruction preserves the Poisson nature of the data. We performed Monte Carlo simulations with different randoms fractions and reconstructed the data with the two methods. We also reconstructed clinical patient images. The two methods were compared quantitatively through contrast and noise measurements. The results indicate that for high levels of randoms, incorporating the corrections inside the iterative loop results in superior image quality.
Ab responses against strongly recognized &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;i&gt;falciparum&lt;/i&gt; antigens in age-groups from 2010 to 2013. (2017)

&lt;p&gt;Profiles of antibody responses measured by ELISA or multiplex magnetic bead based fluorescence assay are plotted as mean OD ratio or Median fluorescence levels from 2010 to 2013 for individuals from 4 different age groups: &lt; 5 years old (empty), 6-10yo (light grey), 11–15 years old (dark grey), &gt;15 years old (black). Schizont extract and antigens strongly recognized are shown ie MSPs, SALSA and PF13.&lt;/p&gt;
Poly(1,10-phenanthroline-3,8-diyl) and Its Derivatives. Preparation, Optical and Electrochemical Properties, Solid Structure, and Their Metal Complexes (2003)

π-Conjugated poly(1,10-phenanthroline-3,8-diyl), PPhen, and its 5,6-dialkoxy derivatives, PPhen(5,6-OR)s, have been synthesized by using an organometallic polycondensation with a zerovalent nickel complex. They had average molecular weights of 4300−6800. PPhen had a stiff structure, as revealed by a light scattering method, and exhibited a strong dichroism in UV−vis absorption and photoluminescence. PPhen(5,6-OR)s formed an end-to-end packing assembly assisted by the side chain crystallization of the OR groups. PPhen and PPhen(5,6-OR)s were susceptible to chemical and electrochemical reduction, and the reduced state showed certain stability toward oxygen in air. The π-conjugated polymers underwent quantitative complex formation with [Ru(bpy)2]2+. Introduction of two more imine nitrogens in the repeating unit of PPhen enhanced much the electron accepting property of PPhen, and n-doping of the obtained polymer took place at Epc of −1.38 V vs Ag+/Ag.
TURBULENCE DECAY IN LIQUID JETS (2023)

A study has been made of the flow patterns and turbulence characteristics in free liquid jets in order to determine the rate of decay of turbulence properties along the jet. Mean streamwise velocities and streamwise and cross-streamwise turbulence intensities were measured using laser Doppler velocimetry. The jet Reynolds number was varied between 1000 and 30000, with the diameter of the liquid jet D &#61; 3.051 mm. Using a power law model for the time decay of turbulent kinetic energy, it was found that turbulence decays, on average with an exponent N&#61;1, independent of the Reynolds number. A constant power for the decay implies Reynolds number similarity throughout this range. Substantial reductions in the degree of anisotropy occur in the downstream direction from the injector exit as the jet relaxes from fully developed turbulent pipe flow profile to a flat profile. For the intermediate range of Reynolds numbers (10000-20000), the relaxation distance was 20D, almost independent of the Reynolds number. At high values of Reynolds number (20000-30000), the relaxation process was very fast, generally within 3 diameters from the injector exit.