gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Drones Swarm Characterization Using RF Signals Analysis and Machine Learning Methods (2023)

Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attracted increasing academic and industrial attention during the last decade. Using drones have broad benefits in diverse areas, such as civil and military applications, aerial photography and videography, mapping and surveying, agriculture, and disaster management. However, the recent development and innovation in the field of drone (UAV) technology have led to malicious usage of the technology, including the penetration of secure areas (such as airports) and serving terrorist attacks. Autonomous weapon systems might use drone swarms to perform more complex military tasks. Utilizing a large number of drones, simultaneously increases the risk and the reliability of the mission in terms of redundancy, survivability, scalability, and the quality of autonomous performance in a complex environment. This research suggests a new approach for drone swarm characterization and detection using RF signals analysis and various machine learning methods. While most of the existing drone detection and classification methods are typically related to a single drone classification, using supervised approaches, this research work proposes an unsupervised approach for drone swarm characterization. The proposed method utilizes the different radio frequency (RF) signatures of the drone's transmitters. Various kinds of frequency transform, such as the continuous, discrete, and wavelet scattering transform, have been applied to extract RF features from the radio frequency fingerprint, which have then been used as input for the unsupervised classifier. To reduce the input data dimension, we suggest using unsupervised approaches such as Principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), and the t-distributed symmetric neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithms. The proposed clustering approach is based on common unsupervised methods, including K-means, mean shift, and X-means algorithms. The proposed approach has been evaluated using self-built and common drone swarm datasets. The results demonstrate a classification accuracy of about 95% under additive Gaussian white noise with different levels of SNR.
Synthesis of Several Substituted Phenylpiperazines Behaving as Mixed D2/5HT1A Ligands (1997)

Twenty-two different compounds have been synthesized with the aim of creating new, mixed D2/5HT1A ligands. For this purpose 1-substituted phenylpiperazines attached by the N-4 nitrogen to dopaminergic pharmacophores of the 2-(5-benzimidazole)ethyl-, 2-(5-benztriazole)ethyl-, 2-[5-(benzimidazole-2-thione)]ethyl- and 2-[6-(1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione)]ethyl-type were selected according to known structure-affinity requirements of 1-arylpiperazines. All the new compounds were evaluated for in-vitro binding affinity at the dopamine (D1 and D2) and 5-HT1A receptors. Synaptosomal membranes prepared from fresh bovine caudate nuclei and hippocampi were used as a source of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, respectively. [3H]SCH 23390 (D1 selective), [3H]spiperone (D2 selective) and 8-OH-[3H]DPAT (5-HT1A selective) were employed as the radio-ligands. None of the compounds expressed affinity for binding at D1 dopamine receptors. Compounds 3b and 4b were inactive 8-OH-[3H]DPAT competitors whereas 1b, 2b and 4b were inactive in the [3H]spiperone-binding assay. The other compounds tested showed fair (1c, 1e, 1f, 2c, 2f, 3b, 3c and 4c) to high (1a, 1d, 2a, 1d, 3a, 3d-3f, 4a, and 4d) affinity in the [3H]spiperone-binding assay, the most potent representative being 4-[2-(5-benzimidazole-2-thione)ethyl]-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine, 3a (Ki = 1.7 nM). In the 8-OH-[3H]DPAT-displacement assay compounds 1b, 1d, 1f, 2b, 2f and 3f behaved as moderate competitors and 1a, 1c, 1e, 2a, 2c, 2d, 3a, 3c-3e, 4a, 4c, 4d and 4f as rather strong competitors; 4-[2-(5-benztriazole)ethyl]-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine, 2a had the highest binding affinity at the 5-HT1A receptors (Ki = 2.6 nM). Because many antipsychotic and anxiolytic agents behave as mixed dopaminergic and serotonergic ligands, the high affinity of several of these new ligands for binding at both D2 and 5-HT1A receptors make them promising candidates deserving further pharmacological evaluation as antipsychotic or anxiolytic pharmaceuticals.
Glycosylation of Fmoc amino acids: preparation of mono- and di-glycosylated derivatives and their incorporation into Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing glycopeptides (1997)

Compounds containing O-glycosidic linkages between carbohydrate species (D-glucopyranose, D-mannopyranose and L-rhamnopyranose) and hydroxy-containing amino acid components (L-threonine, L-serine and L-hydroxyproline) have been synthesized. Significant quantities of disaccharide-containing by-products have been isolated and identified from reactions involving 2,3,4,6-tetraacetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide. With other sugar derivatives (D-mannose and L-rhamnose), the yields of these disaccharide-containing amino acid products are very much reduced.The glycoamino acids have been incorporated into linear peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence in high yields by using solid-phase Fmoc-based methodology. In addition, cyclic glycopeptides containing cystine residues have been synthesized.The synthesized glycopeptides are found to be equipotent with, or slightly less potent than, the corresponding non-glycosylated parent peptides on testing as platelet aggregation inhibitors.
Investigations on Silver Sintering using an Ultrasonic Transient Liquid Phase Sintering Process (2021)

Silver sintering is a very important state-of-the-art joining process in the production of high-performance electronic components, as conventional assembly and connection technology is reaching its limits, especially due to the increasing requirements of e-mobility. Silver sintering is particularly suitable for today’s high-performance electronic components such as IGBTs or diodes. However, the silver compound sintering process is not yet widely used. This is due to the very high process pressures, the high process temperatures, long process times and fluctuations in the strength of the joint. This work shows the potential and preliminary results on the optimization of silver compound sintering by using ultrasound in the joining zone and by adding low melting alloy partners to reduce the required sintering temperature. This generates a completely new process which is introduced by the authors as Ultrasonic Transient Liquid Phase Sintering (UTLPS). Without ultrasound, the shear strength of pure silver sintering joints increases as the temperature and process duration increase. When ultrasonic vibration is applied, for selected process parameters, the shear strength could be improved from 6 MPa to 12 MPa with the increasing of ultrasonic power. The addition of low-melting point alloy partners reduces the required sintering temperature. The combination of the addition of the alloying element indium and the application of ultrasonic vibration leads to an increase in shear strength with a maximum value of about 20 MPa.
Alterations in neurovascular coupling following acute traumatic brain injury (2017)

Following acute traumatic brain injury (TBI), timely transport to a hospital can significantly improve the prognosis for recovery. There is, however, a dearth of quantitative biomarkers for brain injury that can be rapidly acquired and interpreted in active, field environments in which TBIs are frequently incurred. We explored potential functional indicators for TBI that can be noninvasively obtained through portable detection modalities, namely optical and electrophysiological approaches. By combining diffuse correlation spectroscopy with colocalized electrophysiological measurements in a mouse model of TBI, we observed concomitant alterations in sensory-evoked cerebral blood flow (CBF) and electrical potentials following controlled cortical impact. Injury acutely reduced the peak amplitude of both electrophysiological and CBF responses, which mostly recovered to baseline values within 30 min, and intertrial variability for these parameters was also acutely altered. Notably, the postinjury dynamics of the CBF overshoot and undershoot amplitudes differed significantly; whereas the amplitude of the initial peak of stimulus-evoked CBF recovered relatively rapidly, the ensuing undershoot did not appear to recover within 30 min of injury. Additionally, acute injury induced apparent low-frequency oscillatory behavior in CBF ([Formula: see text]). Histological assessment indicated that these physiological alterations were not associated with any major, persisting anatomical changes. Several time-domain features of the blood flow and electrophysiological responses showed strong correlations in recovery kinetics. Overall, our results reveal an array of stereotyped, injury-induced alterations in electrophysiological and hemodynamic responses that can be rapidly obtained using a combination of portable detection techniques.
Finite element analysis of trabecular bone microstructure using CT imaging and continuum mechanical modeling (2022)

Voxel-based continuum FEA offers surrogate measures of Tb modulus from CT imaging under a condition similar to in vivo imaging that alleviates the need for segmentation of Tb and marrow regions, while accounting for bone distribution at the microstructural level. This relaxation of binary segmentation will extend the scope of FEA application to assess mechanical properties of bone microstructure at relatively low-resolution imaging.
Role of catheter ablation in patients with ischemic ventricular tachycardia (2019)

Catheter ablation provides a therapeutic option for decreasing episodes of ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease. Clinical studies show improvement with catheter ablation in reducing arrhythmia recurrence and therapy from implantable defibrillators, but not in decreasing mortality. Ablation can be an important tool for patients with electrical storm. Overall, complication rates of catheter ablation are acceptable, but recurrence rates are still significant. Advances in mapping and ablation technologies could be expected to improve the success rates and reduce the mortality.
Abstract 526: Alternative format bispecific antibodies targeting multiple oncogenic FGFR3 mutations in bladder cancer through different mechanisms (2020)

Abstract FGFR3 is a clinically validated driver for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). 15-20% of MIBC patients express FGFR3 mutations, including point mutations in the extracellular domain (S249C, R248C, G370C, Y373C) and kinase domain (K650E) as well as in-frame fusions with dimerization domains (e.g., coiled-coil domain of TACC3). Generating an antibody-based therapeutic that potently inhibits multiple FGFR3 oncogenic mutants, with different activation mechanisms, remains as a challenge. Therefore, regular IgG-like and alternative format (AF) bispecific antibodies were explored to examine whether enhanced FGFR3 degradation can serve as a “pan-inhibition” solution for tackling multiple FGFR3 genetic aberrations. APLP2 has been identified as a cell surface receptor that undergoes rapid internalization and degradation. Cell surface CD63 plays a more complex role in intracellular trafficking by itself or with its associated surface protein, including both endocytosis and surface retention. Bispecific antibodies co-targeting APLP2 and HER2 have been shown to enhance HER2 internalization and lysosomal trafficking (Bay AP et al 2019). IgG-like and AF bispecific antibodies targeting FGFR3xAPLP2 or FGFR3xCD63 with varied valency and geometry were engineered, produced and characterized. AF bispecific antibodies showed significant enhancement (compared to parental antibody) of in vitro growth inhibition in bladder cancer cell lines expressing FGFR3 S249C mutation while maintaining potent inhibitory activity in cells expressing FGFR3-TACC3 mutant. Both FGFR3 and APLP2/CD63 binding sites contribute to enhanced bispecific antibody potency. Interestingly, different activities were observed in antibody-induced receptor degradation indicating that APLP2 and CD63 regulate FGFR3 trafficking via distinct mechanisms. FGFR3xAPLP2 AF bispecifics enhanced receptor degradation compared to parental FGFR3 antibody, while FGFR3xCD63 AF bispecifics increased growth inhibition without receptor degradation. Our proof-of-concept case study suggests that AF bispecific antibodies can be used as a single novel modality to offer more potent inhibition against diverse mechanisms of oncogenic receptor activation. Citation Format: Yan Yang, Arif Wibowo, Suhasini Avvaru, Zaoli Jiang, Antonio Luz, Ashique Rafique, Prasad Sarangapani, Ryan McKay, Michael Amatulli, Meghana Vootlakrishna, Rachel Edwards, Terra Potocky, Aynur Hermann, Christopher Daly, Gavin Thurston, John Chia-Yang Lin, Yang Shen. Alternative format bispecific antibodies targeting multiple oncogenic FGFR3 mutations in bladder cancer through different mechanisms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 526.
Giant magneto-optical responses in magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2 (2020)

The Weyl semimetal (WSM), which hosts pairs of Weyl points and accompanying Berry curvature in momentum space near Fermi level, is expected to exhibit novel electromagnetic phenomena. Although the large optical/electronic responses such as nonlinear optical effects and intrinsic anomalous Hall effect (AHE) have recently been demonstrated indeed, the conclusive evidence for their topological origins has remained elusive. Here, we report the gigantic magneto-optical (MO) response arising from the topological electronic structure with intense Berry curvature in magnetic WSM Co<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. The low-energy MO spectroscopy and the first-principles calculation reveal that the interband transitions on the nodal rings connected to the Weyl points show the resonance of the optical Hall conductivity and give rise to the giant intrinsic AHE in dc limit. The terahertz Faraday and infrared Kerr rotations are found to be remarkably enhanced by these resonances with topological electronic structures, demonstrating the novel low-energy optical response inherent to the magnetic WSM.
Molecular ferromagnets (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular ferromagnetsJoel S. Miller, Arthur J. Epstein, and William M. ReiffCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1988, 21, 3, 114–120Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00147a004Request reuse permissionsArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (935 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aerial image formation with a KrF excimer laser stepper (1992)

Abstract We have studied the imaging characteristics of an excimer laser stepper as a function of laser wavelength. Focus, magnification, distortion, CD process window, and laser performance were all examined, and an operating wavelength was selected. The self‐metrology capabilities of both the laser and stepper were tested to insure that the system would set itself to the correct wavelength upon initialization, and maintain that setting during volume production activity. The use of an on‐line stepper image sensor to evaluate the quality of the aerial image, coupled with the built‐in wavelength tracking system as part of the laser optics, was found to provide the required closed loop system for wavelength and focus control. Based on these experiments, we have determined that a quick aerial image check before each production lot should suffice to insure focus control of better than 0.25 microns and magnification errors less than 15 nm during the entire time required to expose the lot.
Role of the α-Glucanase Agn1p in Fission-Yeast Cell Separation (2004)

Cell division in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe yields two equal-sized daughter cells. Medial fission is achieved by deposition of a primary septum flanked by two secondary septa within the dividing cell. During the final step of cell division, cell separation, the primary septum is hydrolyzed by an endo-(1,3)-beta-glucanase, Eng1p. We reasoned that the cell wall material surrounding the septum, referred to here as the septum edging, also must be hydrolyzed before full separation of the daughter cells can occur. Because the septum edging contains (1,3)-alpha-glucan, we investigated the cellular functions of the putative (1,3)-alpha-glucanases Agn1p and Agn2p. Whereas agn2 deletion results in a defect in endolysis of the ascus wall, deletion of agn1 leads to clumped cells that remained attached to each other by septum-edging material. Purified Agn1p hydrolyzes (1,3)-alpha-glucan predominantly into pentasaccharides, indicating an endo-catalytic mode of hydrolysis. Furthermore, we show that the transcription factors Sep1p and Ace2p regulate both eng1 and agn1 expression in a cell cycle-dependent manner. We propose that Agn1p acts in concert with Eng1p to achieve efficient cell separation, thereby exposing the secondary septa as the new ends of the daughter cells.
Impact of HSD11B1 polymorphisms on BMI and components of the metabolic syndrome in patients receiving psychotropic treatments (2015)

Our results indicate that HSD11B1 polymorphisms may contribute toward the development of MetS in psychiatric patients treated with potential weight gain-inducing psychotropic drugs, but do not play a significant role in the general population.
Prediction of the Flattening Ratio and Hardness of Cold Sprayed Deposits (2022)

Cold spray technology is a solid-state deposition process where solid particles are accelerated to very high velocities by expanding a compressed gas through a supersonic nozzle. The particles impact a substrate located approximately 25 mm from the exit plane of the nozzle. Predicting the deformation and resultant properties helps in developing process parameters and tailoring coatings to get the desired properties. In this study, aluminum, copper, and nickel coatings were produced using a range of process parameters that produced different particle impact velocities. The Hollomon power law relationship and Johnson-Cook flow stress model were utilized to predict the hardness of cold spray coatings. Results showed there was good agreement between the predicted and measured hardness of the respective coatings. Additionally, a methodology was developed to measure deformation in the form of a flattening ratio of the deposited particles. There was good agreement between the predicted and measured flattening ratio, especially for the Al and Ni feedstock powders.
Study on Characteristic of Reforming with Catalyst Using Plasmatron (2005)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal condition of the Syngas production by reforming of fuel using plasmatron. Plasma was generated by air and arc discharge. The effects of applied steam, or Ni-catalyst on fuel conversion, as well as hydrogen yield and /CO ratio were studied. When the variations of /fuel ratio, /fuel flow ratio and /fuel flow ratio were , and , respectively. Under the condition mentioned above, result of /fuel flow ratio was maximum concentration, or , and result of /fuel flow ratio with catalyst was minimum CO concentration or . and /CO ratio were .
On the Resolution of Chiral Substrates by a <i>retro‐</i>Claisenase Enzyme: Biotransformations of Heteroannular Bicyclic β‐Diketones by 6‐Oxocamphor Hydrolase (2007)

Abstract The enzyme 6‐oxocamphor hydrolase (OCH) from Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 9784 catalyses the cleavage of a carbon‐carbon bond between two carbonyl groups in both mono‐ and bicyclic non‐enolisable β‐diketone substrates. In this mode OCH has been shown to effect the desymmetrisation of both bridged symmetrical bicyclic [2.2.1] and [2.2.2] systems and a series of 1‐alkylbicyclo[3.3.0]octane‐2,8‐diones, yielding chiral substituted cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone products in high optical purity. In the present study, OCH has been challenged with a series of heteroannular substrates including 1‐methylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane‐2,9‐dione (7a‐methylhexahydroindene‐1,7‐dione) in an effort to assess the competence of the enzyme for kinetic resolutions of asymmetric, racemic substrates. OCH was shown to catalyse the resolution of 1‐methylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane‐2,9‐dione with an E value of 2.9. The effect of increasing the length of the alkyl chain in the 1‐position, or enlarging one of the rings, was to increase the enantioselectivity of the enzyme to 5.7 and 3.1 for the substrates 1‐allylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane‐2,9‐dione (7a‐allylhexahydroindene‐1,7‐dione) and 1‐methylbicyclo[5.3.0]decane‐2,10‐dione (8a‐methyloctahydroazulene‐1,8‐dione), respectively. 1‐Methylbicyclo[5.4.0]undecane‐2,10‐dione (9a‐methyloctahydrobenzocycloheptene‐1,9‐dione) was not a substrate for OCH. These experiments constitute the first description of the resolution behaviour of such a retro ‐Claisenase enzyme, and suggest a maximum steric limit for substrate recognition by OCH.