gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Closing the gap to effective gene drive in Aedes aegypti by exploiting germline regulatory elements (2023)

CRISPR/Cas9-based homing gene drives have emerged as a potential new approach to mosquito control. While attempts have been made to develop such systems in Aedes aegypti, none have been able to match the high drive efficiency observed in Anopheles species. Here we generate Ae. aegypti transgenic lines expressing Cas9 using germline-specific regulatory elements and assess their ability to bias inheritance of an sgRNA-expressing element (kmo<sup>sgRNAs</sup>). Four shu-Cas9 and one sds3-Cas9 isolines can significantly bias the inheritance of kmo<sup>sgRNAs</sup>, with sds3G1-Cas9 causing the highest average inheritance of ~86% and ~94% from males and females carrying both elements outcrossed to wild-type, respectively. Our mathematical model demonstrates that sds3G1-Cas9 could enable the spread of the kmo<sup>sgRNAs</sup> element to either reach a higher (by ~15 percentage point) maximum carrier frequency or to achieve similar maximum carrier frequency faster (by 12 generations) when compared to two other established split drive systems.
Production of hydrolysates from unmilled AFEX-pretreated switchgrass and comparative fermentation with Zymomonas mobilis (2020)

The biological route for producing biofuel from lignocellulosic biomass involves many steps, including biomass harvesting and processing, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and other downstream processes. Milling to reduce biomass fragment size is a common processing step, which aids subsequent biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis. However, milling also adds additional time and cost. We report here the production of 7% glucan loading hydrolysates using milled and unmilled Ammonia-Fiber Expansion (AFEX)-pretreated switchgrass (7% ASGH). No significant differences in fermentation performance by Zymomonas mobilis were observed between milled and unmilled switchgrass hydrolysates. We also produced a higher 10.5% glucan loading ASGH (10.5% ASGH) using unmilled pretreated switchgrass, and found that xylose fermentation by Z. mobilis was greatly inhibited in the 10.5% ASGH. The chemical compositions of hydrolysates from unmilled and milled switchgrass were analyzed and compared.
Off-the Shelf Collagen-fibrin based Scaffolds for Bladder Augmentation (2015)

Reference EPFL-CONF-213874Afficher la publication dans Web of Science Notice creee le 2015-12-02, modifiee le 2016-08-09
Ketolides in the treatment of respiratory infections (2002)

The ketolides are a new class of macrolides specifically designed to combat respiratory tract pathogens that have acquired resistance to macrolides. The ketolides are semi-synthetic derivatives of the 14-membered macrolide erythromycin A. There are currently two ketolides in the late stages of clinical development in the US (telithromycin [HMR-364, Kelek; Aventis] and ABT-773 [Abbot Laboratories]), as well as newer compounds in earlier stages of testing. Ketolides have a mechanism of action very similar to that of erythromycin A. They potently inhibit protein synthesis by interacting close to the peptidyl transferase site of the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit. Ketolides bind to ribosomes with higher affinity than macrolides. The ketolides exhibit good activity against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative aerobes and have are active against macrolide-resistant Streptococcus species, including most mef A and erm B strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ketolides have pharmacokinetics which allow once-daily dosing and extensive tissue distribution with very high uptake into respiratory tissues and fluids relative to serum. Evidence suggests the ketolides are primarily metabolised by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system in the liver and that elimination is a combination of biliary, hepatic and urinary excretion. Clinical trial data are only available for telithromycin and have focused on respiratory tract infections (RTIs) including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), sinusitis and streptococcal pharyngitis. Bacteriological and clinical cure rates have been similar to comparators. Ketolides have similar safety profiles to the newer macrolides. In summary, early clinical trials support the clinical efficacy of the ketolides in common RTIs, including activity against macrolide-resistant pathogens.
Fundamentals of Melt Infiltration for the Preparation of Supported Metal Catalysts. The Case of Co/SiO<sub>2</sub> for Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis (2010)

We explored melt infiltration of mesoporous silica supports to prepare supported metal catalysts with high loadings and controllable particle sizes. Melting of Co(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O in the presence of silica supports was studied in situ with differential scanning calorimetry. The melting point depression of the intraporous phase was used to quantify the degree of pore loading after infiltration. Maximum pore-fillings corresponded to 70-80% of filled pore volume, if the intraporous phase was considered to be crystalline Co(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O. However, diffraction was absent in XRD both from the ordered mesopores at low scattering angles and from crystalline cobalt nitrate phases at high angles. Hence, an amorphous, lower density, intraporous Co(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O phase was proposed to fill the pores completely. Equilibration at 60 °C in a closed vessel was essential for successful melt infiltration. In an open crucible, dehydration of the precursor prior to infiltration inhibited homogeneous filling of support particles. The dispersion and distribution of Co(3)O(4) after calcination could be controlled using the same toolbox as for preparation via solution impregnation: confinement and the calcination gas atmosphere. Using ordered mesoporous silica supports as well as an industrial silica gel support, catalysts with Co metal loadings in the range of 10-22 wt % were prepared. The Co(3)O(4) crystallite sizes ranged from 4 to 10 nm and scaled with the support pore diameters. By calcination in N(2), pluglike nanoparticles were obtained that formed aggregates over several pore widths, while calcination in 1% NO/N(2) led to the formation of smaller individual nanoparticles. After reduction, the Co/SiO(2) catalysts showed high activity for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, illustrating the applicability of melt infiltration for supported catalyst preparation.
Contaminant gas removal using thin-film Ti electrode microdischarges (2009)

We report a method for the selective chemisorption of oxygen and nitrogen in sealed cavities utilizing microdischarges between thin-film Ti electrodes. The method is used to remove contaminating air from both inert and organic gas environments, reducing the nitrogen and oxygen concentrations by factors of 50 and 16, respectively. A microchip-based optical emission spectroscopic sensor is used to monitor the purification. The purification improves the ability of the optical emission sensor to detect carbon by a factor of 8. The method has been tested at temperatures between 23 and 200 °C.
Erectile dysfunction: an overview. (2003)

Sexual function is a central part of a man's identity, helping to define who he is, and how he feels about himself. It is also a key determinant of relationship health. Erectile dysfunction (ED) threatens all of this, and is thus an important topic in male health. Erectile dysfunction is common around the world, especially in older men. Risk factors for ED overlap significantly with those for cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction, especially diabetes.
Experimental Study on the Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Systems Containing Ethane-1,2-diol + Water + Salt (Sodium Chloride or Calcium Carbonate) (2016)

The influence of salt concentration on the solubility of gases in aqueous solutions is of interest in many processes of the oil and gas processing industry. Here, we show the influence of the presence of different concentrations of sodium chloride or calcium carbonate on the solubility of carbon dioxide (CO2) in mixtures of monoethylene glycol (MEG) and water by using a gas expansion method. From the experimental data, the solubility and Henry’s constant were measured as a function of pressure (from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa) and temperature (from 298 to 333 K), in pure water, pure MEG and in its equimolar mixture, using concentrations of salt up to saturation for all the studied solvents. The experimental data indicate that the increase in temperature decreases the CO2 solubility in the liquid mixture, whereas pressure shows a positive linear influence on the dissolution of gas. The addition of salt reduced the CO2 solubility in all mixtures due to the salting-out effect.
Dielectric Dependence of the First Molecular Hyperpolarizability for Electro-Optic Chromophores (2011)

Experimental and computational studies of the solvent dependence of the first molecular hyperpolarizability (β) for two donor-bridge-acceptor chromophores (CLD-1 and YLD156) are presented. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements are performed with 1907 nm excitation in a series of solvents with dielectric constants ranging from ~2 (toluene) to ~36 (acetonitrile). For both chromophores an approximately 2-fold increase in β is observed by HRS over this range of dielectric constants. Computational studies employing a polarized continuum model to represent the solvent are capable of reproducing this experimental result. The experimental and computational results are compared to the predictions of the widely employed two-state model (TSM) for β. Surprisingly, for the chromophores studied here the TSM predicts that β should decrease with increasing dielectric constant over the range investigated. The results presented here demonstrate that the TSM provides neither a quantitative nor qualitative description of the solvent dependence of β for CLD-1 and YLD156. The enhancement of β with increased dielectric constant suggests that modification of the dielectric surrounding the chromophore is one path by which the performance of nonlinear optical devices employing these chromophores may be significantly enhanced.
Linear and Non Linear Behaviour of Mechanical Resonators for Optimized Inertial Electromagnetic Microgenerators (2008)

The need for wearable or abandoned microsystems, as well as the trend to a lower power consumption of electronic devices, make miniaturized renewable energy generators a viable alternative to batteries. Among the different alternatives, an interesting option is the use of inertial microgenerators for energy scavenging from vibrations present in the environment. These devices constitute perpetual energy sources without the need for refilling, thus being well suited for abandoned sensors, wireless systems or microsystems which must be embedded within the structure, without outside physical connections. Different electromagnetic energy scavenging devices have been described in the literature [1,2,3], based on the use of a velocity damped resonator, which is well suited for harvesting of vibrational energy induced by the operation of machines. These vibrations are characterized by a well defined frequency (in the range between few Hz's and few kHz's) and low displacement amplitudes. Adjusting the resonant frequency of the system to that of the vibrations allows amplification of these low amplitude displacements. Moreover, for these applications, the use of an electromagnetic device has the potential advantages of a good level of compatibility with Si Microsystem technology, as well as the possibility of relatively high electromechanical coupling with simple designs.
A Study of Electrochemical Ostwald Ripening in Pt and Ag Catalysts Supported on Carbon (2013)

Electrochemical Ostwald ripening in Pt/Ag commercial catalysts supported on high surface area carbon was studied by an electrochemical method. The effect of electrolyte composition on nano particle coarsening was investigated. The procedure consisted of immersing two graphite rods in an electrolyte solution: one with nano Pt/Ag painted on it and the other with bulk Pt/Ag wire wrapped around it. It was observed that nano Pt/Ag became electrically negative, consistent with higher chemical potential due to the Gibbs-Thompson effect. The voltage measured decreased with time as the nano particles coarsened and the difference in chemical potentials between the two electrodes decreased. The measured voltage difference is in good agreement with theory. The process involves coupled transport of Pt/Ag ions through the electrolyte and of electrons through the carbon/graphite support. Despite high Pt4+ concentration in PtCl4+DMSO, coarsening of Pt was slower due to low Pt2+ concentration in the electrolyte.
Comparative response assessment by total serum IgM and IgM M-component in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. (2012)

e18575 Background: Changes in total IgM and the electrophoretically determined IgM M-component are used as surrogate serum response markers in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM). Their ability to reflect underlying disease burden changes have not been compared. Methods: 73 rituximab-naïve patients were studied who underwent rituximab-based therapy on a study, and for whom serial total serum IgM levels, IgM M-component, and bone marrow (BM) assessments were available. Baseline: Median age 61 years; serum IgM 3,960 mg/dL; IgM M-component 2.55 g/dL; BM disease by core biopsy 60%. 5 patients had serum IgM levels &lt;1,000 mg/dL, and 23 &gt; 5,000 mg/dL. 39 patients had adenopathy and/or splenomegaly by baseline CT scans. Post-therapy, serum IgM declined from 3,960 to 1,800 mg/dL (p&lt;0.0001); IgM M-component from 2.55 to 1.28 g/dL (p&lt;0.0001); and BM involvement from 60% to 10% (p&lt;0.0001). Among 39 patients with extramedullary disease, post-therapy CT scans were improved for 18, unchanged for 14, and worse for 7. Results: By linear regression analysis, reductions in serum total IgM and IgM M-component correlated with decreased BM disease involvement, though were relatively moderate (r=0.4490, p&lt;0.0001; and r=0.4051; p=0.0004, respectively). To assess the difference between serum IgM and IgM M-component for correlation with BM response, an r to z transformation was performed. Serum IgM and IgM M-component were not significantly different as predictors for BM response (p=0.3745). Moreover, total serum IgM and the IgM M-component were poor estimators of BM response in patients with IgM levels &lt;1,000 mg/dL (r=0.3635, p=0.2815 for serum IgM; r=0.1869, p=0.4672 for IgM M-component) or &gt;5,000 mg/dL (r=0.0762, p=0.2022 for serum IgM; r=0.0306, p=0.4246 for IgM M-component). Extramedullary disease presence had no impact on serum IgM or IgM M-component correlations with BM disease involvement. Conclusions: Serum IgM levels and IgM M-component show similar correlations to changes in BM disease burden following therapy in WM patients, though overall the strength of these correlations are moderate, and particularly poor among patients with either low (&lt;1,000 mg/dL) or high (&gt;5,000 mg/dL) serum IgM levels.
2.4 V-operated enhancement-mode power PHEMTs for personal handy-phone system application (2002)

Enhancement-mode pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (E-PHEMTs) were developed for low voltage wireless communication applications. Under drain bias of 3.6 V, the device delivered a high output power density of 265.25 mW/mm (29.5 dBm) with a power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 50.54%. Under 1.9 GHz /spl pi//4-shifted quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation signal, the 3.36 mm devices meet personal handy-phone system (PHS) specification at an output power level of 22.42 dB with PAE of 35.12% under 2.4 V drain bias. The E-PHEMTs developed are adequate for low-voltage-operated PHS application.
Confocal Microscopy of Corneal Graft Rejection (1995)

Corneal allografts were transplanted into inflamed and vascularized graft beds in rabbit eyes. The grafts were examined every 4 days by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and scanning confocal microscopy. Confocal images were recorded with a video camera and computer enhanced in real-time. Layers of the cornea were visualized in serial optical sections parallel to the epithelium. In the third postoperative week, signs of graft rejection were observed; slit-lamp examination revealed a circumferential line of epithelial rejection, along with cloudiness and edema. Vessels were observed growing into the graft. By confocal microscopy, infiltrating cells were seen in the graft stroma. Foci of cells were especially pronounced around the sutures. Scattered leukocyte infiltrates were prominent at capillary terminals. There was an accompanying reduction in the stromal keratocyte density in the region of the infiltrate. Additionally, various degrees of fibrosis were noted around each suture and at the host-graft interface. Confocal microscopy may provide a valuable clinical tool for determining the earliest indicators of an antigraft immune response, and as an aid in the differential diagnosis of other inflammatory conditions of the cornea.
Deformed Microcavity for Far Field Biosensing (2010)

Here we demonstrate a new concept for designing an ultra-sensitive deformed cavity biosensor. Owning to the breaking of rotational symmetry, the field distribution is not uniform along the cavity boundary and results in the dependence of spectra shift and mode splitting on the position of a scatter. In this case, the deformed cavity sensor can be extremely sensitive to the location of particle binding on the cavity boundary. Moreover, the directional emission from the deformed microcavity provides a possibility to detect a single particle or molecule in the far field.
Dengue virus infects the mouse eye following systemic or intracranial infection and induces inflammatory responses (2019)

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is associated with clinical ocular presentations and here DENV infection of the eye was assessed in mice. In an AG129 mouse model of antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection, DENV RNA was detected in the eye and vascular changes were present in the retinae. Intraocular CD8 and IFN-γ mRNA were increased in mice born to DENV-naïve, but not DENV-immune mothers, while TNF-α mRNA was induced and significantly higher in mice born to DENV-immune than DENV-naïve mothers. DENV RNA was detected in the eye following intracranial DENV infection and CD8 mRNA but not IFN-γ nor TNF-α were induced. In all models, viperin was increased following DENV infection. Thus, DENV in the circulation or the brain can infect the eye and stimulate innate immune responses, with induction of viperin as one response that consistently occurs in multiple DENV eye-infection models in both an IFN-dependent and independent manner.
Characterization of Monolaurin Resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (2007)

There is increasing concern regarding the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in domestically farmed animals, which may act as reservoirs and vehicles of transmission for drug-resistant enterococci to humans, resulting in serious infections. In order to assess the potential for the use of monolaurin as a food preservative, it is important to understand both its target and potential mechanisms of resistance. A Tn917 mutant library of Enterococcus faecalis AR01/DGVS was screened for resistance (MIC, >100 microg/ml) to monolaurin. Three mutants were identified as resistant to monolaurin and were designated DGRM2, DGRM5, and DGRM12. The gene interrupted in all three mutants was identified as traB, which encodes an E. faecalis pheromone shutdown protein and whose complementation in trans restored monolaurin sensitivity in all three mutants. DGRM2 was selected for further characterization. E. faecalis DGRM2 showed increased resistance to gentamicin and chloramphenicol (inhibitors of protein synthesis), while no difference in the MIC was observed with the cell wall-active antibiotics penicillin and vancomycin. E. faecalis AR01/DGVS and DGRM2 were shown to have similar rates (30% cell lysis after 4 h) of cell autolytic activity when activated by monolaurin. Differences in cell surface hydrophobicity were observed between the wild type and the mutant, with the cell surface of the parent strain being significantly more hydrophobic. Analysis of the cell wall structure of DGRM2 by transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in the apparent cell wall thickness and contraction of its cytoplasm. Taken together, these results suggest that the increased resistance of DGRM2 was due to a change in cell surface hydrophobicity, consequently limiting the diffusion of monolaurin to a potential target in the cytoplasmic membrane and/or cytoplasm of E. faecalis.
An 85-kb tandem triplication in the slow Wallerian degeneration ( <i>Wld</i> <sup>s</sup> ) mouse (1998)

Wallerian degeneration is the degeneration of the distal stump of an injured axon. It normally occurs over a time course of around 24 hr but it is delayed in the slow Wallerian degeneration mutant mouse (C57BL/Wlds) for up to 3 weeks. The gene, which protects from rapid Wallerian degeneration, Wld, previously has been mapped to distal chromosome 4. This paper reports the fine genetic mapping of the Wld locus, the generation of a 1.4-Mb bacterial artificial chromosome and P1 artificial chromosome contig, and the identification of an 85-kb tandem triplication mapping within the candidate region. The mutation is unique to C57BL/Wlds among 36 strains tested and therefore is a strong candidate for the mutation that leads to delayed Wallerian degeneration. There are very few reports of tandem triplications in a vertebrate and no evidence for a mutation mechanism so this unusual mutation was characterized in more detail. Sequence analysis of the boundaries of the repeat unit revealed a minisatellite array at the distal boundary and a matching 8-bp sequence at the proximal boundary. This finding suggests that recombination between short homologous sequences ("illegitimate" or "nonhomologous" recombination) was involved in the rearrangement. In addition, a duplication allele was identified in two Wlds mice, indicating some instability in the repeat copy number and suggesting that the triplication arose from a duplication by unequal crossing over.
High Speed Interconnects and Parallel Software Libraries: Enabling\n Technologies for the NVO (2000)

The NVOs core data mining and archive federation activities are heavily\ndependent on the underlying data pipeline software necessary to translate the\nraw data into scientifically relevant source detections. The data pipeline\nsoftware dictates: the raw data storage and retrieval mechanisms, the meaning\nand format of the fields in the source catalogs, and the ability of the NVO\nusers to re-analyze raw data for their own purposes. Increasing the performance\nof the core data pipeline software so that it can address the needs of current\nand future high data rate surveys is an important activity that should be\naddressed in concert with the development of the NVO.\n