gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance measurements of infrared windows with surface structures providing broadband wide-angle antireflective properties (2013)

Infrared and visible windows have been fabricated with surface structures that function as broadband and large angle-of-incidence antireflective (AR) coatings. The AR coating is composed of nanoscale pillars formed by reactive ion etching of either a sacrificial buffer layer or the underlying optical substrate using a random array of nickel dots as an etch mask. The Ni dots are formed using a rapid thermal annealing process. The size and spacing of the Ni dots are found to be highly dependent on the initial Ni film thickness and the annealing parameters, as well as the nature of the surface interaction between the Ni and the buffer layer. The diameter and spacing of the resulting pillars can be parametrically tuned between &lt;100 nm to &lt;1 &mu;m to yield broad antireflection properties from visible through the long-wave infrared. Cleartran (ZnS) and ZnSe optical substrates treated (both sides) with the AR coating process have exhibited a greater than 90% transmittance over the short-wave infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths (1-5 &mu;m), and at incident angles up to 70&deg;. The process for fabricating the surface structures is suitable for low-cost application of broadband, wide-angle, AR coatings on curved optical surfaces.
A stochastic model dissects cell states in biological transition processes (2014)

Many biological processes, including differentiation, reprogramming, and disease transformations, involve transitions of cells through distinct states. Direct, unbiased investigation of cell states and their transitions is challenging due to several factors, including limitations of single-cell assays. Here we present a stochastic model of cellular transitions that allows underlying single-cell information, including cell-state-specific parameters and rates governing transitions between states, to be estimated from genome-wide, population-averaged time-course data. The key novelty of our approach lies in specifying latent stochastic models at the single-cell level, and then aggregating these models to give a likelihood that links parameters at the single-cell level to observables at the population level. We apply our approach in the context of reprogramming to pluripotency. This yields new insights, including profiles of two intermediate cell states, that are supported by independent single-cell studies. Our model provides a general conceptual framework for the study of cell transitions, including epigenetic transformations.
Une approche intégrée pour évaluer et surveiller la déchloration réductive d'éthènes chlorés dans des aquifères contaminés – Evaluation de la traitabilité et surveillance d'un site (2019)

La bioremédiation d'aquifères contaminés par du tétra- et trichloroéthène est souvent limitée par une déchloration réductive incomplète qui donne lieu à la production de dichloroéthène et de chlorure de vinyle plus toxiques. Ceci reflète également une connaissance insuffisante des mécanismes biologiques liés au fonctionnement de l'aquifère. L'approche intégrée examine un site contaminé comme un ensemble écologique présentant des interactions complexes entre les composantes environnementales et biologiques du système d’eau souterraine. Cette approche s’appuie sur la mesure et l’analyse concomitante de paramètres en rapport avec la microbiologie, la distribution et l’état de dégradation des éthènes chlorés ainsi qu’avec la chimie et physicochimie du système d’eau souterraine. Chaque étape de l’approche repose sur des objectifs techniques complémentaires qui préciseront l’analyse du potentiel de déchloration réductive du site en investigation. L’originalité de l’approche est : i) l’intégration des ressources bactériennes globales dans la caractérisation du site et ii) l’utilisation d’outils statistiques de l’écologie numérique pour examiner le fonctionnement du système d’eau souterraine et ses liens avec le processus de déchloration réductive. A terme l'évaluation apporte des éléments décisionnels au stade du plan de gestion ou du plan de conception des travaux quant à la possibilité de dépollution in situ par voie biologique et permet de préciser la variante adéquate pour la parcelle en étude (atténuation naturelle contrôlée, atténuation naturelle dynamisée ou bio-augmentation). La méthodologie a été validée par l'analyse de deux sites contaminés par des éthènes chlorés.
Enabling creative collaboration for all levels of learning (2019)

A potential path for enabling greater creativity and collaboration is through increased arts and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) integration in education and research. This approach has been a growing discussion in US national forums and is the foundation of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics plus arts and design (STEAM) education movement. Developing authentic artistic integrations with STEM fields (or vice versa) is challenging, particularly in higher education, where traditional disciplinary structures and incentives can impede the creation of integrated programs. Measuring and assessing the outcomes of such integration efforts can be even more challenging, since traditional metrics do not necessarily capture new opportunities created for students and faculty, and the greatest impact may occur over a long period (a career). At Drexel University, we created the Expressive & Creative Interaction Technologies (ExCITe) Center as a standalone institute to pursue and enable such transdisciplinary arts-STEM collaborations, particularly with external arts and education partners. In this perspectives paper, we highlight a range of projects and outcomes resulting from such external collaborations, including graduate research with professional artists, undergraduate student work experiences, and STEAM-based education programs for kindergarten through 12th-grade (K-12) students. While each project has its own specific objectives and outcomes, we believe that they collectively demonstrate this integrated transdisciplinary approach to be impactful and potentially transformative for all levels of learning.
Prodigiosin is a Chloride Carrier that Can Function as an Anion Exchanger. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Expression of Bcl-2 proteins in human AML cell lines and anti-proliferative effect of compound 4g (5, 10 µm against C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow cells in liquid culture. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;. MTT assay determined cell viability of C57BL/6 mouse total bone marrow cells. Results represent the mean ±SD of three independent experiments with quadruplicate wells per experiment point. &lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;. MOLM13, MOLM14, MV4-11 and HL-60 AML cells were cultured either with compound &lt;b&gt;4g&lt;/b&gt; (5 µM, 24 hr) or diluents control, and levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were examined by western blot. GAPDH was used as an internal loading control.&lt;/p&gt;
Intramolecular Hydroaminations of Aminoalkynes Catalyzed by Yttrium Complexes and Aminoallenes Catalyzed by Zirconium Complexes (2007)

It was demonstrated that Y[N(TMS)2]3, the neutral yttrium-diamine complex 13 and yttrium-NPS complexes 15 are efficient precatalysts for intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkynes involving primary amines. Complex 13 and 15 were quantitatively prepared in situ by direct metalation of the ligands 4 and 9 with 1 equiv of Y[N(TMS)2]3 in benzene-d6 at 120 oC for 5 days and 10 days, respectively, via elimination of (TMS)2NH. 5-Exo- and 6-exo-dig intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkynes using catalyst 12 and 13 proceeded smoothly to give nitrogen-contained cyclic products in good to excellent yields in all cases. In the case of 7- exo-dig intramolecular hydroamination, the desired product was produced in 41% and 48% yields despite the gem-dimethyl effect. However, treatment of catalyst 15 with aminoalkynes (19 and 22) having a methyl substituent at the carbon adjacent to triple bond and 6-exo-dig intramolecular hydroamination of 21 failed to give the desired products. Zirconium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of aminoallenes (25, 27, and 31) with 5 mol% 16 afforded 2-(trans-1-propenyl)pyrrolidine, 2-isopropylenepyrrolidine, and 2-(trans-1- propenyl)piperidine in 96%, 95%, and 93% yield, respectively. However, subjecting 25 to 5 mol% 15 was unsuccessful to produce the desired product.
Pretransplant DSA But Not Complement Fixing HLA Antibodies Are Associated with Increased Risk for Antibody Mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplantation. (2014)

It is still not fully elucidated whether kidney transplant recipients with preformed donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) detectable by Luminex Single Antigen Beads (SAB) are at increased risk of reduced allograft function early after transplantation. Especially the effect of complement fixing DSA detected by the C1q SAB assay remains unclear. Regarding the C1q assay recent studies indicated controversial results, possibly related to centre effects or the size of the patient cohorts analyzed. The aim of our retrospective analysis was to evaluate the early impact of C1q fixing DSA in a large single centre study. We included a cohort of 262/289 renal transplant recipients transplanted in a short period between January 2011 and December 2012 at the local kidney transplantation program in this analysis. All transplantations were performed with a CDC negative crossmatch. For living donation also flow cytometric crossmatches were performed. The pretransplant HLA antibody status determined by Luminex SAB was not systematically considered for transplant decisions. In addition, we analysed all indication biopsies performed within the first one to two years of follow-up for histological signs of antibody mediated rejection (AMR). Pretransplant SAB DSA were present in 40 patients (25 with anti-HLA-class I, 11 with class II, and 4 with class I+II specificities, respectively). In total 27/262 patients showed signs of AMR, 14 of 222 patients without DSA (6.3%, RR 0.2) compared to 13/40 patients with DSA (32.5%, RR 5.2). The C1q fixing capacity was positive in 6/40 patients with DSA, but only in 1/27 patients with AMR. Follow-up data for graft survival and function are pending. Although still preliminary, our study could clearly confirm pretransplant Luminex DSA as a significant risk factor for the occurrence of early AMR after renal transplantation. C1q-binding capacity of DSA at the time of transplantation seems to be not predictive for the occurrence of AMR during early follow-up.
A Novel Traveling Wave Sandwich Piezoelectric Transducer With Single Phase Drive: Theoretical Modeling , Experimental Validation and Application Investigation (2020)

Abstract Most of traditional traveling wave piezoelectric transducers are driven by two phase different excitation signals, leading to a complex control system and seriously limiting their applications in industry. To overcome these issues, a novel traveling wave sandwich piezoelectric transducer with a single-phase drive is proposed in this study. Traveling waves are produced in two driving rings of the transducer while the longitudinal vibration is excited in its sandwich composite beam, due to the coupling property of the combined structure. This results in the production of elliptical motions in the two driving rings to achieve the drive function. An analytical model is firstly developed using the transfer matrix method to analyze the dynamic behavior of the proposed transducer. Its vibration characteristics are measured and compared with computational results to validate the effectiveness of the proposed transfer matrix model. Besides, the driving concept of the transducer is investigated by computing the motion trajectory of surface points of the driving ring and the quality of traveling wave of the driving ring. Additionally, application example investigations on the driving effect of the proposed transducer are carried out by constructing and assembling a tracked mobile system. Experimental results indicated that 1) the assembled tracked mobile system moved in the driving frequency of 19410 Hz corresponding to its maximum mean velocity through frequency sensitivity experiments; 2) motion characteristic and traction performance measurements of the system prototype presented its maximum mean velocity with 59 mm/s and its maximum stalling traction force with 1.65 N, at the excitation voltage of 500 V RMS . These experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed traveling wave sandwich piezoelectric transducer.
Porous graphitic carbon nitrides integrated biosensor for sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I (2022)

Early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has the potential to save millions of lives each year. Sensitive quantitative measurement of blood cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is required for early diagnosis of CVDs. Porous graphitic carbon nitride (PCN) nanomaterials integrated biosensor that detects picogram/mL concentrations of cTnI is reported. PCN is an updated version of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) with improved porosity and electronic structure. A rapid two-step chemical method was described to synthesize PCN and gold nanoparticles functionalized PCN (PCN-AuNPs). The modification of the electrode surface with PCN materials had a significant impact on the electrochemically active surface area (EASA), interfacial electron transport, aptamer immobilization, and biosensing performance. The use of PCN nanomaterial in cTnI aptasensing resulted in a 3.2-fold increase in signal amplification. PCN-AuNPs found practically applicable in human blood serum (cTnI-spiked). Furthermore, a low-cost and user-friendly sensing platform has been demonstrated by integrating a PCN-AuNPs aptasensor, a custom-made miniaturized potentiostat, and a smartphone, which provided rapid, sensitive point-of-care (PoC) analysis of cTnI. Highly sensitive detection limit (0.01 pg/mL), rapid analysis time (2 min), and small sample volume (20 μL) are the other advantages of this nano-biosensor.
Characterizations and morphology of sodium tungstate particles (2018)

A solid-state reaction technique was used to synthesize polycrystalline Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>. Preliminary X-ray studies revealed that the compound has a cubic structure at room temperature. The formation of the compound has been confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction studies and Raman spectroscopy. Electrical and dielectric properties of the compound have been studied using complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 209 Hz-1 MHz and temperature range 586-679 K. The impedance data were modellized by an equivalent circuit consisting of series of a combination of grains and grains boundary. We use complex electrical modulus <i>M</i>* at various temperatures to analyse dielectric data. The modulus plots are characterized by the presence of two relaxation peaks thermally activated. The morphologies and the average particle size of the resultant sodium tungstate sample were demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The thicknesses and optical constants of the sample have been calculated using ellipsometric measurements in the range of 200-22 000 nm by means of new amorphous dispersion formula which is the objective of the present work. The results were obtained for Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> particles from experimental (EXP) and measured (FIT) data showed an excellent agreement. In addition, the energy gap of the Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> sample has been determined using ellipsometry and confirmed by spectrophotometry measurements.
Continuous-time quantum-walk spatial search on the Bollobás scale-free network (2020)

The scale-free property emerges in various real-world networks and is an essential property that characterizes the dynamics or features of such networks. In this work, we investigate the effect of this scale-free property on a quantum information processing task of finding a marked node in the network, known as the quantum spatial search. We analyze the quantum spatial search algorithm using a continuous-time quantum walk on the Bollob\'as network, and we evaluate the time $T$ to localize the quantum walker on the marked node starting from an unbiased initial state. Our main finding is that $T$ is determined by the global structure around the marked node, while some local information of the marked node, such as the degree, does not identify $T$. We discuss this by examining the correlation between $T$ and some centrality measures of the network, and we show that the closeness centrality of the marked node is highly correlated with $T$. We also characterize the distribution of $T$ by marking different nodes in the network, which displays a multimode log-normal distribution. Especially on the Bollob\'as network, $T$ is a few orders of magnitude shorter depending on whether the marked node is adjacent to the largest degree hub node. However, as $T$ depends on the property of the marked node, one requires some amount of prior knowledge about such a property of the marked node in order to identify the optimal time to measure the quantum walker and achieve a fast search. These results indicate that the existence of the hub node in the scale-free network plays a crucial role in the quantum spatial search.
Passive electro optical counter-countermeasures (2015)

New development of imaging systems implies the use of multi band wavelength, VIS and IR, for imaging enhancement and more data presenting. As lasers as countermeasures against optics are widely spread in the recent years, these systems need to be protected from damage caused by intense radiation yet the optical system has to be transparent at these wavelengths for low light power. This paper presents a non-linear, solid-state passive wideband optical protection filters (WPF). These filters have advantages over fixed spectral filters, which permanently block only specific wavelengths, the wideband filter is transparent at all wavelengths until it is hit by damaging light. We present work in continuation of our special design WPF suitable for dual- and multi- band wavelength range, including transmission and functionality performances. We demonstrate a new design transferring our WPF filter from VIS/NIR into the MW/LWIR.
Rapid implementation of cross-sectional study: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) in a racially and ethnically diverse sample in Illinois (2021)

ABSTRACT Little is known about the pattern and course of recovery following acute COVID-19. Increasing numbers of reports describe persistent illness following infection with SARS-COV-2, also known as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). This report describes the methods and results of a multi-pronged strategy to rapidly identify and enroll, over a one week period in April 2021, a racially and ethnically diverse sample of individuals and to characterize PASC among a this diverse sample. Participants were recruited through community outreach, clinical registries, and research registries across four cities in Illinois to complete an online survey. We examined presence of symptoms among 246 individuals who were at least three months past testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Respondents were 70% female; 48% Hispanic/Latinx; 18% Black, and 28% White. Most had mild illness (78% were not hospitalized), and 26% reported they had not yet returned to their usual health within 3 months of their diagnosis. The most prevalent symptoms persisting 3-months following COVID-19 diagnosis included fatigue (20%), difficulty thinking (19%), problems with taste or smell (15%), and muscle or body aches (15%). In a multivariable logistic regression model, older age (40-59 vs. 18-39 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.46 [95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.90]) and having been hospitalized with COVID-19 (vs. not hospitalized: aOR = 0.28 [0.12 to 0.64]) were independently associated with a lower likelihood of recovery within 3 months. Compromised health continued well beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 in our ethnically diverse sample, especially among older individuals and those who were hospitalized. The partnerships with community- and faith-based organizations developed for the current study offer the potential to broadly disseminate study findings and to further understand and mitigate underlying determinants of risk, severity, and duration of PASC.
Identification of genes expressed in primate primordial oocytes (2004)

These observations may contribute to the elucidation of molecular pathways involved in oocyte survival and maturation.
Performance of practical transmit beamforming methods for interference suppression in closed-access femtocells (2011)

In femtocellular systems, all active user equipments (UEs) share the same spectrum. Since handover between adjacent femtocells is prohibited when closed subscriber group (CSG) configuration is applied, considerable co-channel interference levels may be generated in reception. To combat this impairment a recently proposed method can be used [1], whereby each active UE has the chance to maintain a control-only connection to the strongest interfering femto base station (FBS). Based on this feedback information each FBS can apply different transmit beamforming (TBF) methods, trying to alleviate the interference perceived by users in disadvantageous situations. Closed-form expressions for the rate performance of three different TBF methods are presented. Our analysis reveals that even simple TBF techniques are very useful to mitigate co-channel interference effects in CSG femtocells.
Ginger Extract Inhibits β-Amyloid Peptide–Induced Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Cultured THP-1 Monocytes (2004)

The findings suggest that GE may be useful in delaying the onset and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders involving chronically activated microglial cells in the central nervous system.
Transbilayer coupling of obstructed lipid diffusion in polymer-tethered phospholipid bilayers (2008)

The current study reports on the inter-leaflet coupling of obstructed lipid diffusion in a polymer-tethered phospholipid bilayer, where the obstruction of diffusion is caused by lipopolymers which form non-bilayer-spanning membrane pinning sites in the bottom leaflet of the bilayer. Monolayer-specific wide-field single molecule fluorescence microscopy experiments of fluorescence-tagged phospholipids (TRITC-DHPE) over a wide range of lipopolymer concentrations, ctether, reveal a strong, polymer-induced inter-leaflet coupling of obstructed lipid diffusion for different types of lipopolymers, including those based on poly(ethylene glycol), poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline), and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as the hydrophilic polymer moiety. Remarkably, the degree of inter-leaflet diffusional coupling can be regulated by the cholesterol (CHOL) content which affects membrane bending elasticity. This latter finding suggests that the inter-leaflet coupling of obstructed diffusion is caused by polymer-induced bilayer deformations around membrane pinning sites, thus creating membrane-spanning regions of high membrane tension. Because the inter-leaflet coupling of obstructed diffusion at an elevated CHOL molar concentration also decreases with increasing ctether, we hypothesize that both leaflets of the bilayer are morphologically decoupled at high ctether with the outer (lipopolymer-free) monolayer being flatter than the inner one. Our findings could be of biological relevance because a similar mechanism of transbilayer coupling of obstructed diffusion may occur in some regions of cellular membranes.