gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Progenitors in Allergic Airways Diseases: Studies in Canine and Human Models (1997)

In a canine model of Ascaris suum-inducible bronchial hyperresponsiveness, we previously demonstrated that bone marrow-derived myeloid progenitors rise within 24 h of allergen inhalation; this effect is abolished by pretreatment with inhaled budesonide. We now report that this allergen-induced bone marrow response is observable in human asthmatics, and involves increases in both neutrophil-macrophage and eosinophil-basophil progenitors, within 6 h of allergen inhalation, as measured either by hematopoietic colony assays or by flow cytometric analyses of CD34+, IL-3Rα+, and/or IL-5-responsive cell populations. In dogs, but not in humans, a transferrable serum hematopoietic activity accounts for the marrow response to inhaled allergen. These findings suggest that allergen-induced increases in bone marrow progenitor formation depend either on a serum hematopoietic factor(s) released after allergen challenge, or upon constitutive marrow upregulation of specific progenitors in allergic airway disease. Further studies to characterize the serum hematopoietic factor(s) and to determine the nature of any atopy-related progenitor profile are in progress.
Ion Recognition Approach to Volume Reduction of Alkaline Tank Waste by Separation of Sodium Salts (2005)

The purpose of this research involving collaboration between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is to explore new approaches to the separation of sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrate, and other sodium salts from high-level alkaline tank waste. The principal potential benefit is a major reduction in disposed waste volume, obviating the building of expensive new waste tanks and reducing the costs of vitrification. Principles of ion recognition are being researched toward discovery of liquid-liquid extraction systems that selectively separate sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate from other waste components. The successful concept of pseudo hydroxide extraction using fluorinated alcohols and phenols is being developed at ORNL and PNNL toward a greater understanding of the controlling equilibria, role of solvation, and of synergistic effects involving crown ethers. Synthesis efforts are being directed toward enhanced sodium binding by crown ethers, both neutral and proton-ionizable. Studies with real tank waste at PNNL will provide feedback toward solvent compositions that have promising properties.
Influence of the Gap Width on the Geometry of the Welded Joint in Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding (2015)

The aim of this research was the experimental investigation of the influence of the gap width and speed of the welding wire on the changes of the geometry in the welded joint in the hybrid laser-arc welding of shipbuilding steel RS E36. The research was divided into three parts. First, in order to understand the influence of the gap width on the welded joint geometry, experimental research was done using continuous wave fiber laser IPG YLS-15000 with arc rectifier VDU-1500DC. The second part involved study of the geometry of the welded joint and hardness test results. Three macrosections from each welded joint were obtained. Influence of the gap width and welding wire speed on the welded joint geometry was researched in the three lines: in the right side of the plates, middle welded joint and in the root welded joint.
Triggering of Sudden Death — Lessons from an Earthquake (1996)

At 4:31 a.m. on January 17, 1994, a violent earthquake centered near Northridge, California, suddenly awakened millions of citizens of Los Angeles and subjected them to intense fright. The earthquake not only caused deaths from trauma, as would be expected, but also was associated with an unusually large number of deaths from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.1 In the two years since then, Leor et al. have sifted through the medical data and unearthed information of great importance to our understanding of sudden death from cardiac causes, the leading cause of death in developed countries.2 Using the earthquake as a natural experiment, . . .
Noise-Boosted Backpropagation Learning of Feedforward Threshold Neural Networks for Function Approximation (2021)

Aiming to ensure the feasibility of the backpropagation training of feedforward threshold neural networks, each hidden unit layer is designed to be composed of a sufficiently large number of hard-limiting activation functions that are excited by mutually independent external noise components and the weighted inputs simultaneously. The application of noise to nondifferentiable activation functions enables a proper definition of the gradients, and the injected noise is treated as a network parameter that can be adaptively updated by a stochastic gradient descent learning rule. This noise-boosted backpropagation learning process is found to converge to a nonzero optimized level of noise, indicating that the injected noise is beneficial both for the learning and for the ensuing retrieval phase. For minimizing the total error energy of the function approximation in the designed threshold neural network, the proposed noise-boosted backpropagation learning method is proven to be better than directly injecting noise into network inputs or weight coefficients. The Lipschitz continuous property of the noise-smoothed activation function in the hidden unit layer is demonstrated to guarantee the local convergence of the learning process. Beyond the Gaussian injected noise, the optimal noise type is also numerically solved for training the designed threshold neural network. Test experiments for approximating nonlinear functions and real-world datasets verify the feasibility of this noise-boosted backpropagation algorithm in the threshold neural network. These results not only extend the analysis of the beneficial effects of noise similar to stochastic resonance and exploited here to the universal approximation capabilities of threshold neural networks, but also allow backpropagation training of neural networks with a much wider family of nondifferentiable activation functions.
Amyloid β production is regulated by β2-adrenergic signaling-mediated post-translational modifications of the ryanodine receptor (2017)

Alteration of ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) signaling has been reported in Alzheimer disease (AD) models. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying altered RyR-mediated intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> release in AD remain to be fully elucidated. We report here that RyR2 undergoes post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, oxidation, and nitrosylation) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) harboring the familial double Swedish mutations (APPswe). RyR2 macromolecular complex remodeling, characterized by depletion of the regulatory protein calstabin2, resulted in increased cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels and mitochondrial oxidative stress. We also report a functional interplay between amyloid β (Aβ), β-adrenergic signaling, and altered Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling via leaky RyR2 channels. Thus, post-translational modifications of RyR occur downstream of Aβ through a β2-adrenergic signaling cascade that activates PKA. RyR2 remodeling in turn enhances βAPP processing. Importantly, pharmacological stabilization of the binding of calstabin2 to RyR2 channels, which prevents Ca<sup>2+</sup> leakage, or blocking the β2-adrenergic signaling cascade reduced βAPP processing and the production of Aβ in APPswe-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. We conclude that targeting RyR-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> leakage may be a therapeutic approach to treat AD.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Aryloxy Esters: An Asymmetric Approach to Fluoxetine, Tomoxetine, and Nisoxetine. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Predictive value of apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer's disease: Results of an autopsy series and an analysis of several combined studies (1994)

Apoliprotein E (apoE) is associated with Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid protein in senile plaques. Recent studies have shown an increased frequency of the epsilon 4 allele of the apoE gene in familial and sporadic cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present case control study, we have determined the apoE genotype by allele-specific extension of 113 postmortem cases of sporadic AD and 77 control brains shown to be free of AD neuropathological features and then calculated the frequency of the various allelic forms of apoE (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, epsilon 4). The odds ratio associating epsilon 4 with AD was 15.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.2-38.5), and the population attributable risk was 0.53. We have also combined the results of our study and several others to calculate these same parameters in a larger population (570 controls and 961 AD subjects); the odds ratio for this larger group was 6.2 (95% CI 4.9-7.8) and the population attributable risk was 0.57. These results further substantiate and strengthen the association between the epsilon 4 allele of apoE gene and AD. We have also used these results to investigate the usefulness of the determination of epsilon 4 carrier status in the diagnosis of AD.
LAPAROSCOPIC RENAL-ADRENAL SURGERY IN PATIENTS ON ORAL ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY (2005)

Laparoscopic renal/adrenal surgery in patients requiring chronic anticoagulation therapy can be performed safely. The risk of intraoperative bleeding is not increased, although the incidence of postoperative bleeding as well as transfusions is higher.
Future Prospect of Terahertz Technology (2005)

Terahertz (THz) technology is becoming increasingly important in both science and technology. THz timedomain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and THz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) provide a powerful tool to explore the nature of various kinds of materials for a low energy excitation and ultrafast dynamics; the THz imaging is expected to be applicable to security, factory testing and so on. Thus THz-TDS and QCLs have triggered the research field of THz-technology-based basic research and application research. In addition to those activities, the development of ultrafast devices and logic circuits in the fields of THz photonics and THz electronics has accelerated the growth of the THz research field such as THz wireless communication, THz network system, ultrafast ADCs and so on. This paper reviews the future prospect of such THz-technology-based research fields.
InGaN/GaN MQW SCH lasers grown on SiC (1999)

Laser diode structures were fabricated by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) from the AlN-InN-GaN system on single crystal 6H-SiC substrates. An AlGaN conducting buffer layer was developed for these devices, which provides a vertical conduction path between SiC substrate and the active device region. Violet and blue multiple quantum well (MQW) separate confinement heterojunction (SCH) LDs were fabricated having InGaN wells and GaN barriers. The lowest pulsed operation room temperature threshold current density obtained for lasing was 7.1 kA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in a 4-well structure. Lasing has also been obtained in these same devices at duty cycles up to 75%.
Abstract 17155: The Development of De Novo Donor Specific Antibodies is Associated With Higher Rejection Risk After Heart Transplantation (2016)

Introduction: There is controversy regarding monitoring patients after heart transplantation (HTX) for development of de novo donor specific anti-human leucocyte antibodies (dnDSA) measured by solid phase arrays due to limited data on its impact on clinical outcomes. Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to examine the association between dnDSA that were detected on routine surveillance testing and clinical outcomes after HTX. Methods: Adult patients undergoing HTX from January 2009 to December 2013 had anti-HLA measured at regular intervals post HTX by LABScreen® Single Antigen Beads and read on a Luminex platform. DSA levels with mean fluorescence intensity ≥ 2000 were considered positive. Subjects were sub-classified based on the development of class I or II dnDSA. All endomyocardial biopsy results were retrieved and rejection-free survivals from transplant to first episode of rejection were analyzed with Log-rank test as well as Cox-proportional hazard model in multivariate analyses. Standard definition for antibody mediated rejection (AMR) was used and acute cellular rejection (ACR) grade 2R or more was considered severe. Results: Amongst 86 HTX recipients, 29 (33.7%) developed dnDSA. Patients with class I dnDSA as compared to patients without class I dnDSA had significantly worse rejection-free survival for AMR (28.6% vs 85.7% at 5 years, p ). Patients with class II dnDSA as compared to those without class II dnDSA had worse severe ACR-free survival (52% vs 75.8% at 5 years, p=0.015 ). Multivariate analysis revealed class I dnDSA to be independently associated with an increased risk for AMR (HR=5.520, p=0.008 ) while class II dnDSA was independently associated with increased risk of severe ACR (HR=3.140, p=0.013 ). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of measuring anti-HLA after HTX. The development of class I and class II dnDSAs were independently associated with AMR and severe ACR respectively. Strategies to treat HTx recipients with dnDSA need to be developed to improve clinical outcomes.
<i>Ortho</i>‐Nitrostilbenes in Polycarbonate for Holographic Data Storage (2007)

Abstract Holographic data storage materials based on dye‐doped polycarbonate that could find application in professional archival and consumer applications are described. The dyes are selected from the class of o‐nitrostilbenes, which irreversibly bleach under exposure to light and show high thermal stability before and after exposure. The reduction in concentration of the dye in the host after exposure induces refractive index variations over a wide range of wavelengths and extends well away from the dye absorption peak conforming to the Kramers–Kronig relationship. The materials are injection moldable into the standard disc format and have negligible shrinkage during data storage. Samples were produced using different dyes and various concentrations in a polycarbonate host and processed on professional CD/DVD equipment. The refractive index change is as high as 0.04, with a measured instantaneous sensitivity of 0.5 cm J –1 and M /# = 0.3.
Use of miniature magnetic sensors for real-time control of the induction heating process (2023)

A method of monitoring the process of induction heating a workpiece. A miniature magnetic sensor located near the outer surface of the workpiece measures changes in the surface magnetic field caused by changes in the magnetic properties of the workpiece as it heats up during induction heating (or cools down during quenching). A passive miniature magnetic sensor detects a distinct magnetic spike that appears when the saturation field, B.sub.sat, of the workpiece has been exceeded. This distinct magnetic spike disappears when the workpiece's surface temperature exceeds its Curie temperature, due to the sudden decrease in its magnetic permeability. Alternatively, an active magnetic sensor can also be used to measure changes in the resonance response of the monitor coil when the excitation coil is linearly swept over 0-10 MHz, due to changes in the magnetic permeability and electrical resistivity of the workpiece as its temperature increases (or decreases).
The fabrication of potentiometric membrane sensors and their applications (2007)

Ionophore-incorporated PVC-membrane sensors are well-established analytical tools routinely used for the selective and direct measurement of a wide variety of different ions in complex biological and environmental samples. The key ingredient of such plasticized PVC-members is the involved ionophore, defining the selectivity of the electrodes complex formation with the cation of interest. In the past few years, the development of new ion-selective electrodes for various ions has been reported in the literature. Key words:&nbsp;Ion-Selective Electrode, potentiometric membrane sensor, sensor. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
The Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG) reformulation preferences study - towards a new Pencillin for Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease (2017)

Abstract Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune condition caused by untreated Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infection of the upper respiratory tract (and possibly skin). Multiple or severe attacks of ARF can cause cardiac damage known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The most effective recommended treatment of ARF requires monthly intramuscular injections of Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG) known as secondary prophylaxis. The goal of secondary prophylaxis is to prevent GAS infections that may lead to the recurrence of ARF. Rates of adherence to secondary prophylaxis schedules are usually low due to the frequency and duration of injection, pain and access to proper and timely healthcare services. A less painful and longer acting BPG formulation would ideally help prevent ARF recurrence and improve compliance rates to this schedule. The purpose of this work is to explore the BPG reformulation preferences of children and teens currently receiving monthly BPG intramuscular injections, in addition to their families and healthcare providers. A software application has been developed that will explore the experiences of the groups who will then choose their ideal BPG formulation from a range of plausible formulations and associated dosing regimens. The software application has been optimized for use to ensure age and cultural appropriateness and also efficient data collection. Pretesting of the software has been undertaken which has received positive responses with the piloting stage initiated. This is the first time a software application has been successfully developed to collect qualitative and quantitative data on individual preferences for BPG formulations and dosing regimens.
Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia (2016)

Although 22 trials could be included in this review, the evidence provided is limited and mostly not relevant to clinicians or consumers. Overall, although there was low risk of attrition and selective data reporting bias within the trials, the trials themselves were not adequately powered and need more substantial follow-up periods. There is a need for larger trials with longer periods of follow-up to be conducted. Outcomes should be meaningful for those with schizophrenia, and include measures of improvement and relapse (not just rating scale scores), functioning and quality of life and acceptability and, importantly, safety data.
The materials tetrahedron has a “digital twin” (2022)

Abstract For over three decades, the materials tetrahedron has captured the essence of materials science and engineering with its interdependent elements of processing, structure, properties, and performance. As modern computational and statistical techniques usher in a new paradigm of data-intensive scientific research and discovery, the rate at which the field of materials science and engineering capitalizes on these advances hinges on collaboration between numerous stakeholders. Here, we provide a contemporary extension to the classic materials tetrahedron with a dual framework—adapted from the concept of a “digital twin”—which offers a nexus joining materials science and information science. We believe this high-level framework, the materials–information twin tetrahedra (MITT), will provide stakeholders with a platform to contextualize, translate, and direct efforts in the pursuit of propelling materials science and technology forward. Impact statement This article provides a contemporary reimagination of the classic materials tetrahedron by augmenting it with parallel notions from information science. Since the materials tetrahedron (processing, structure, properties, performance) made its first debut, advances in computational and informational tools have transformed the landscape and outlook of materials research and development. Drawing inspiration from the notion of a digital twin, the materials–information twin tetrahedra (MITT) framework captures a holistic perspective of materials science and engineering in the presence of modern digital tools and infrastructures. This high-level framework incorporates sustainability and FAIR data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable)—factors that recognize how systems impact and interact with other systems—in addition to the data and information flows that play a pivotal role in knowledge generation. The goal of the MITT framework is to give stakeholders from academia, industry, and government a communication tool for focusing efforts around the design, development, and deployment of materials in the years ahead. Graphic abstract
Controlled Surface-Assembly of Nanoscale Leaf-Type Cu-Oxide Electrocatalyst for High Activity Water Oxidation (2016)

The controlled surface deposition of a robust and high-performance nanostructured copper-oxide (CuOx-NLs) electrocatalyst for water oxidation is presented. The material exhibits a characteristic leaf-type morphology and self-assembles on a copper substrate by straightforward constant-current anodization. The oxygen onset occurs at about 1.55 V versus RHE (η = 320 mV), which is 400–500 mV less than for amorphous Cu-oxide films. A Tafel slope of 44 mV dec–1 is obtained, which is the lowest observed relative to other copper-based materials. Long-term catalytic performance and stability tests of the electrocatalytic CuOx-NLs sample show a stable current density of >17 mA cm–2 for oxygen evolution, which was sustained for many hours.
Resonant phenomena in conductor-backed coplanar waveguides (CBCPW's) (1993)

A thorough and systematic investigation of resonant phenomena in conductor-backed coplanar waveguides (CBCPWs) is reported. A rigorous three dimensional full-wave space-domain integral equation method accompanied by an S-parameter extraction technique is used. A series of measurements has been conducted to confirm the theoretical results. A patch-resonator model and a microstriplike (MSL) model are employed to understand the origin of resonance existing in one of the test circuits. The 3-D program is also invoked by displaying the current distributions to help visualize how the CBCPW test circuits work at both through and resonant states. The results obtained validate the conclusions drawn for the patch-resonator model and the MSL model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>