gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatially multiplexed swept source optical coherence tomography (2005)

A spatially-multiplexed swept-source optical coherence tomography (SM-SS-OCT) system for rapid acquisition of B-scans of tissue microstructure is described, we believe, for the first time. SM-SS-OCT instrumentation is similar to that of traditional Swept Source OCT (SS-OCT), which uses a widely tunable (~100 nm) laser source to obtain high-resolution images of biological tissue. However, SM-SS- OCT may be considered an improvement over SS-OCT in terms of efficient usage of the wide spectral bandwidth afforded by the frequency-tunable lasers in SS-OCT systems. Commercially available swept-source lasers regularly achieve extremely narrow line widths (~150 KHz), allowing for SS-OCT A-scan depths on the order of meters. Since imaging tissue to such depths is infeasible, the meters-long depth ranging capability of SS-OCT may be utilized for spatially multiplexing many A-scans, each to lesser depth. We achieve this spatial multiplexing by rapidly scanning all lateral positions of the tissue repetitively while simultaneously scanning the laser wavelength continuously, and using appropriate signal processing to reconstruct a B-scan image from acquired data. Our fiber-based design lends itself towards use in endoscopic applications, and our results suggest that SM-SS-OCT can provide rapid acquisition of B-scans, with potential for depth-resolved visualization of transient processes in biological tissue.
Index Size Determination with Varying Coil Diameters for Improved Automated Eddy Current Inspections on Aerospace Engine Components (2005)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ray T. Ko, Brian Frock, Alan P. Berens, David L. Petricola, David A. Stubbs, Matthew Rambo; Index Size Determination with Varying Coil Diameters for Improved Automated Eddy Current Inspections on Aerospace Engine Components. AIP Conf. Proc. 9 April 2005; 760 (1): 767–774. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1916752 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Formation of 2-D Arrays of Silicon Nanocrystals in Thin SiO[sub 2] Films by Very-Low Energy Si[sup +] Ion Implantation (1999)

Two‐dimensional (2‐D) arrays of silicon nanocrystals were fabricated in thermally grown films by ion implantation and subsequent thermal annealing. The nanocrystals characteristics (size, shape, and spatial distribution) as a function of the implanted dose and annealing conditions were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The nanocrystals were located at a tunneling distance from the oxide surface. With increasing size, the nanocrystals changed from quasi‐spheres to faceted to platelets. With a reduction in the implantation dose and the annealing temperature, the size of the nanocrystals decreased, their size distribution became more narrow, while their spatial arrangement remained 2‐D. ©1998 The Electrochemical Society
Crystal Structure of Pb<sub>2</sub>V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>:  Rietveld Refinement and Electron Lone-Pair Localization. The Magnetic Susceptibility of Sr<sup>2+</sup>-Substituted Phases (1999)

Powder neutron and X-ray diffraction data from Pb2V3O9 were collected and used for structure refinement. The triclinic lattice parameters from neutron data are a = 7.5935(1) Å, b = 16.3898(3) Å, c = 6.9696(1) Å, α = 91.41(1)°, β = 119.34(1)°, γ = 90.49(1)°, C1̄, and z = 2. The nonstandard unit cell was chosen for comparison with the monoclinic structure of Sr2V3O9 with which it is nearly isostructural. The 6s2 electrons of Pb2+ cause the lowering of the symmetry and distort the cooperative arrangement of the vanadyl bonds existing in the V−O framework of Sr2V3O9. One of the two crystallographically independent Pb2+ is in a distorted, capped, octahedral environment formed by seven oxygen atoms with Pb−O bonds ranging from 1.426(8) Å to 2.830(8) Å. The other Pb2+ is surrounded by nine oxygen atoms that form a distorted, tricapped, trigonal prism with Pb−O ranging from 2.421(11) to 2.920(8). The lone-pair 6s2 electrons were located and are about 0.58 Å from the nucleus. Of the four crystallographically independent vanadium atoms, two are in tetrahedral coordination with a mean oxidation number +5. The other two are in octahedral coordination with oxidation number +4. The octahedra link by corner sharing into an infinite chain parallel to [101]. The tetrahedra share corners with the octahedra to form two-dimensional sheets that are then joined by the Pb ions into a three-dimensional structure. One octahedral V4+ cation shows displacement from its polyhedral center toward an oxygen that is corner-shared in the octahedral chain, giving rise to a short vanadyl bond, 1.67(4) Å, and a long bond of 2.18(4) Å. The main difference between the lead and strontium vanadate framework is in the displacement of the second V4+ ion toward an oxygen that is corner-shared with a tetrahedron. Here the short bond length is 1.72(8) Å while it is 2.21(7) Å to the opposite apex. Thus, the cooperative displacement of the VO bond in the Sr2V3O9 chains is broken by the triclinic transformation, leading to a more disordered V4+ arrangement. This is the main reason for the observed differences in the magnetic susceptibilities of the Pb2+ and Sr2+ phases. An alternating J1 − J2 chain model was satisfactorily fitted for Pb2V3O9 while a regular chain model matched the data for Sr2V3O9.
Spatio-temporal fluctuations of interscale and interspace energy transfer dynamics in homogeneous turbulence (2023)

We study fluctuations of all co-existing energy exchange/transfer/transport processes in stationary periodic turbulence including those that average to zero and are not present in average cascade theories. We use a Helmholtz decomposition of accelerations that leads to a decomposition of all terms in the Kármán–Howarth–Monin–Hill (KHMH) equation (scale-by-scale two-point energy balance) causing it to break into two energy balances, one resulting from the integrated two-point vorticity equation and the other from the integrated two-point pressure equation. The various two-point acceleration terms in the Navier–Stokes difference (NSD) equation for the dynamics of two-point velocity differences have similar alignment tendencies with the two-point velocity difference, implying similar characteristics for the NSD and KHMH equations. We introduce the two-point sweeping concept and show how it articulates with the fluctuating interscale energy transfer as the solenoidal part of the interscale transfer rate does not fluctuate with turbulence dissipation at any scale above the Taylor length but with the sum of the time derivative and the solenoidal interspace transport rate terms. The pressure fluctuations play an important role in the interscale and interspace turbulence transfer/transport dynamics as the irrotational part of the interscale transfer rate is equal to the irrotational part of the interspace transfer rate and is balanced by two-point fluctuating pressure work. We also study the homogeneous/inhomogeneous decomposition of interscale transfer. The statistics of the latter are skewed towards forward cascade events whereas the statistics of the former are not. We also report statistics conditioned on intense forward/backward interscale transfer events.
Cover Picture: Identification of Living <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> Using Species‐Specific Metabolic Lipopolysaccharide Labeling (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 5/2014) (2014)

Legionella pneumophila is a deadly pathogen that was discovered after an outbreak in 1976 at the convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia. In their Communication on page 1275 ff., S. Dukan, B. Vauzeilles, and co-workers describe a simple strategy to detect and identify living Legionella pneumophila by metabolic incorporation of a modified carbohydrate into their lipopolysaccharides, followed by further conjugation using click chemistry. Picture of Dr. Feely: CDC/Stafford Smith. Cover artwork: David Garino.
Distinct roles of class IA PI3K isoforms in primary and immortalised macrophages (2008)

The class IA isoforms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p110alpha, p110beta and p110delta) often have non-redundant functions in a given cell type. However, for reasons that are unclear, the role of a specific PI3K isoform can vary between cell types. Here, we compare the relative contributions of PI3K isoforms in primary and immortalised macrophages. In primary macrophages stimulated with the tyrosine kinase ligand colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), all class IA PI3K isoforms participate in the regulation of Rac1, whereas p110delta selectively controls the activities of Akt, RhoA and PTEN, in addition to controlling proliferation and chemotaxis. The prominent role of p110delta in these cells correlates with it being the main PI3K isoform that is recruited to the activated CSF1 receptor (CSF1R). In immortalised BAC1.2F5 macrophages, however, the CSF1R also engages p110alpha, which takes up a more prominent role in CSF1R signalling, in processes including Akt phosphorylation and regulation of DNA synthesis. Cell migration, however, remains dependent mainly on p110delta. In other immortalised macrophage cell lines, such as IC-21 and J774.2, p110alpha also becomes more prominently involved in CSF1-induced Akt phosphorylation, at the expense of p110delta.These data show that PI3K isoforms can be differentially regulated in distinct cellular contexts, with the dominant role of the p110delta isoform in Akt phosphorylation and proliferation being lost upon cell immortalisation. These findings suggest that p110delta-selective PI3K inhibitors may be more effective in inflammation than in cancer.
FY2017 annual report: Roll-to-Roll Advanced Materials Manufacturing DOE Laboratory Consortium Project (2018)

The following report provides a description of the program structure and technical accomplishments made during FY 2017 to overcome challenges for expanding use of R2R technologies and processing for clean energy applications. Technologies are under development that enable enhanced manufacturing of battery electrodes, fuel cells and water separation membranes that take advantage of advancements in new functional materials. Data mining, visualization, modeling and simulation for the materials, technologies and processes being developed allow for improvements in R2R manufacturing applications. This report documents the research conducted by four DOE national laboratories as a consortium in collaboration with industry partnerships. The research is directly applicable to AMM strategies that apply the National Science and Technology Council’s Materials Genome Initiative (NSTC 2011) approach to enhance the performance of battery, fuel cell and water membrane materials. This effort supports building the foundation of technologies, processes and a U.S. manufacturing base that will enable an order of magnitude in shorter process development cycles with the pathway for initial commercialization within months instead of years.
Influence of Wettability on the Recovery of NAPLs from Alluvium (2001)

The physicochemical characteristics of five nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) recovered from contaminated alluvial aquifers are presented. The five include two chlorinated degreasing solvents, one chlorinated dry-cleaning solvent and two weathered fuel hydrocarbons. In addition to density, viscosity, and interfacial tensions, the equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN), spreading coefficients and Amott-Harvey and USBM wettability indices with respect to alluvial aquifer materials are used as a means to characterize three of these NAPLs. Experimentally measured spreading coefficients of four of these NAPLs illustrate that field NAPLs can have positive initial spreading coefficients. Furthermore, capillary desaturation curves for two NAPLs with alluvial aquifer material collected from the NAPL zone are presented as an additional and important means to infer the practical implications of the wetting characteristics on the efficacy of NAPL recovery. The results from the wettability and capillary desaturation experiments show that these NAPLs are mixed-wet to oil-wet when measured in the alluvium from their respective field sites. Furthermore, these results indicate that the displacement of NAPLs from soils by water is more difficult for mixed-wet or oil-wet soils than it is for water-wet or weakly water-wet soils. Finally experimental data indicate that adding anionic surfactants to the water shifts the wettability toward water-wet and makes the NAPL easier to displace and recover.
Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib Trial (2008)

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are the earliest visible neoplastic lesions in the colorectum. The natural history of these lesions and their role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence are unknown. We studied ACF in a subset of patients randomized to placebo (n = 17), celecoxib (200 mg twice daily; n = 15), or celecoxib (400 mg twice daily; n = 13) in the Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib (APC) trial. Magnification chromoendoscopy was done to identify, count, and biopsy ACF within the rectum at baseline and after 8 to 12 months of treatment. A total of 655 ACF were identified in 45 patients. We examined 70 of these ACF histologically, and all 70 were nondysplastic. Cohort characteristics and APC trial treatment results for substudy patients were similar to those of the overall APC trial. There was no significant modulation of ACF by celecoxib (versus placebo; P = 0.77). Immunohistochemical comparison of ACF with adjacent normal mucosa showed that ACF had an increased proliferative index as determined by Ki-67 (P < 0.0001), but lacked other features of neoplasia such as increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and microvessel density, nuclear localization of beta-catenin, or decreased expression of the tumor suppressors SMAD4, Estrogen Receptor alpha, or MGMT. Only baseline SMAD4 expression in ACF correlated with posttreatment adenoma recurrence (independent of treatment arm; P = 0.01). The presence or number of nondysplastic ACF did not correlate with a higher risk of synchronous advanced or recurrent adenomas. Our overall results indicated that nondysplastic ACF were not accurate surrogate endpoint biomarkers of recurrent colorectal adenomas in the APC trial.
High Frequency Analysis of a Switching Mode Power Supply (2007)

In this paper, the electromagnetic fields radiated by a buck converter are calculated with a method based upon the Method of Moments (MoM). From the field line plots of the Poynting vector field, it is seen that DC power flows from voltage source to switch. There, the DC power is transformed into high frequency (HF) power. This HF power travels partially towards the diode where it is converted back into DC power which flows to the resistive load. This means that there exists a HF channel between switch and diode. In the second part of the paper, the conditions are derived to obtain a matching between the transmitter of high frequency power (switch) and the receiver (diode) at the different ends of the HF channel. The matching eliminates the radiation of energy at the switching frequency and its harmonics and therefore contributes to a better Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) performance.
Recurrently connected silicon neurons with active dendrites for one-shot learning (2005)

We describe a neuromorphic chip designed to model active dendrites, recurrent connectivity, and plastic synapses to support one-shot learning. Specifically, it is designed to capture neural firing patterns (short-term memory), memorize individual patterns (long-term memory), and retrieve them when primed (associative recall). It consists of a recurrently connected population of excitatory pyramidal cells and a recurrently connected population of inhibitory basket cells. In addition to their recurrent connections, the excitatory and inhibitory populations are reciprocally connected. The model is novel in that it utilizes recurrent connections and active dendrites to maintain short-term memories as well as to store long-term memories.
Tumor-Derived Microvesicles Promote Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Induce Apoptosis in Tumor-Reactive Activated CD8+ T Lymphocytes (2009)

Sera of patients with cancer contain membraneous microvesicles (MV) able to induce apoptosis of activated T cells by activating the Fas/Fas ligand pathway. However, the cellular origin of MV found in cancer patients' sera varies as do their molecular and cellular profiles. To distinguish tumor-derived MV in cancer patients' sera, we used MAGE 3/6(+) present in tumors and MV. Molecular profiles of MAGE 3/6(+) MV were compared in Western blots or by flow cytometry with those of MV secreted by dendritic cells or activated T cells. These profiles were found to be distinct for each cell type. Only tumor-derived MV were MAGE 3/6(+) and were variably enriched in 42-kDa Fas ligand and MHC class I but not class II molecules. Effects of MV on signaling via the TCR and IL-2R and proliferation or apoptosis of activated primary T cells and T cell subsets were also assessed. Functions of activated CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes were differentially modulated by tumor-derived MV. These MV inhibited signaling and proliferation of activated CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells and induced apoptosis of CD8(+) T cells, including tumor-reactive, tetramer(+)CD8(+) T cells as detected by flow cytometry for caspase activation and annexin V binding or by DNA fragmentation. Tumor-derived but not dendritic cell-derived MV induced the in vitro expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells and enhanced their suppressor activity. The data suggest that tumor-derived MV induce immune suppression by promoting T regulatory cell expansion and the demise of antitumor CD8(+) effector T cells, thus contributing to tumor escape.
Performance of an extended certainty-weighted detection model (2003)

This paper introduces a certainty-weighted detection system (CWDS) based on distributed decision makers that can classify a binary phenomenon as true, false, or uncertain. The CWDS is composed of two main blocks: the definite decision block (DDB), which provides a decision regarding the presence or absence of the phenomenon, and the uncertainty measure block (UMB) that provides a measure of uncertainty. The final decision, which may be definite (true or false) or uncertain, depends on characteristic parameters that define the region of uncertainty (RU/sub i/ and /spl alpha/) used by piecewise linear certainty functions in the DDB and in the UMB. The Bayes cost analysis is extended to include the cost of uncertain classifications and cost of errors. A cost function is used to compare the CWDS to decision structures based on the Dempster-Shafer theory and fuzzy logic that also provide uncertain decisions. The CWDS performs similarly to a classical Bayes detection system when no uncertain classifications are provided. By changing the parameters RU/sub i/ and /spl alpha/, the CWDS can also be adjusted to perform similarly to the Dempster-Shafer and fuzzy structures. The differences between these approaches are mainly in their characterization of uncertainty, and they can reduce the total costs below that of the Bayesian model if the cost of uncertain classifications is sufficiently smaller than the cost of errors. The performance of the CWDS was less sensitive to changes in the ratio of the costs of uncertain decisions to the cost of incorrect certain decisions, showing the CWDS to be more robust to system parameters than the fuzzy and Dempster-Shafer systems.
A practical ball sports platform combining dynamic body action with real-time computer graphics during ball play (2015)

We developed a new entertainment platform for digital sports, composed of a shock resistant rubber ball (M-digital ball) which comprises electronic sensors, a BLE wireless module, a communication program between the ball and a computer, and real-time computer graphics/sound contents. Six sensors and a BLE module are incorporated into a substrate which attached to a rubber structure inside the ball, which was designed to protect electronic parts and electrical connections so as elasticity of rubber and layer of the air in the ball protect circuit against strong shocks. Our system can specify the state of the ball through the wireless communication, getting value of sensors in real-time. Several computer graphics and sound contents were created using the system. We realized hands free sport platform which enable ball player to organize computer graphics and sound linked to player's dynamic body actions in real-time.
Postnatal Surges in Plasma Gut Hormones in Term and Preterm Infants (1982)

Using sensitive radioimmunoassays we have measured and compared plasma concentrations of motilin, gastrin, enteroglucagon, neurotensin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and pancreatic polypeptide in (a) 53 healthy, preterm infants at birth or preprandially at 2.5, 6, 13 or 24 days; (b) 45 normal, breast-fed, term infants at birth or preprandially at 6 or 16 days, and (c) 12 healthy fasting adults. Plasma concentrations of all six hormones rose during the neonatal period in both preterm and term infants, the first four of these hormones reaching levels which exceeded those seen in healthy fasting adults. The rate of increase and the magnitude of the changes were less in term infants than preterm infants. These changes in plasma hormone concentrations may be the result of enteral feeding. Gut hormones exert important effects on gut growth, secretion and motility and on intermediary metabolism, and the postnatal hormonal surges observed may play a key role in the postnatal adaptions to enteral feeding.
Influence of a focusing lens on the electroacoustic response of ultrasonic transducers (2002)

Focusing lenses are currently used in most ultrasonic transducers for medical and immersion NDT applications. In particular, high frequency medical single element transducers for applications such as skin and eye imaging require focusing lenses to obtain high resolutions. The effect of a lens on the radiation pattern has been widely studied through impulse diffraction theory, but its influence on the electrical impedance and electroacoustical response is not possible using classical models which are based on single-mode and plane wave hypothesis. Here, the effect of a lens is investigated as a function of its radius of curvature, minimum thickness, wave velocity, and acoustic impedance. The method combines a finite element code (ATILA software), which allows us to calculate the displacements near the lens surface, with a radially symmetrical impulse diffraction calculation based on the Hankel tranform to obtain the transducer response at all locations in the propagation media. This allows to observe simultaneously electrical, electroacoustical and radiation properties of the device. Finally, a multidimensional unconstrained nonlinear minimization method is used to identify the geometrical and acoustical properties of the elements which will provide the highest overall transducer performance. [Work supported by the EU PIRAMID project.]