gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roller Hemming Simulation: State of the Art and Application Limits (2014)

The presented study applied the state of the art in roller hemming simulation on a car body assembly. Corner areas with changing flange lengths are always challenging in case of reaching the quality demands. Thus, the numerical results like e.g. springback, hem thickness, roll-in and hemming geometry are compared to experimental results. It is shown that the quality of prediction depends on the system stiffness of the roller hemming device, the geometrical contour of the car body assembly and the consideration of steps in the process chain like stamping and flanging. Finally, the gained cognitions point out challenges for future research in this topic.
Visualization 1.mp4 (2017)

2D spectra as a function of waiting time
Directed Synthesis of Molecularly Braided Magnetic Nanoparticle Chains Using Polyelectrolyte and Difunctional Couplers (2007)

We demonstrate a new, flexible, one-step approach to direct the synthesis of FePt nanoparticle clusters or Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and their assembly into molecularly interconnected chains without the use of inorganic templates. The chain length as well as the diameter of the nanoparticle cluster can be varied by modifying the surfactants-precursor ratio. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c2312_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylzirconation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Triphenylcarbenium Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diversity order of linear equalizers for doubly selective channels (2009)

Diversity order of linear equalization (LE) is investigated for the case of linearly precoded block transmission in doubly selective channels. A connection between the orthogonal deficiency od(.) [1] of the effective channel matrix at the receiver and an earlier proof that LE achieves full diversity in frequency selective channels [2] is highlighted. For doubly selective channels it is argued that od of the channel matrix at the receiver shares the same upper bound as that of a closely related matrix for which an od bound is derived. Finally, simulation results are provided to substantiate all arguments made in the paper.
Cases and Materials on International Trade Law (2002)

Part I: The contract of sale: Rights and duties of the parties Risk, and related issues Property The documents Remedies for breach Miscellaneous issues. Part II: Finance: Methods of financing international sales Documentary credits and the sale of contract The documents. Part III: Carriage: Substance of carriage contracts The bill of lading and the contract of carriage Third parties and carriage contracts Representations in bills of lading. Part IV: The future: Problems and proposed solutions.
Improving safety in physical human-robot collaboration via deep metric learning (2022)

Direct physical interaction with robots is becoming increasingly important in flexible production scenarios, but robots without protective fences also pose a greater risk to the operator. In order to keep the risk potential low, relatively simple measures are prescribed for operation, such as stopping the robot if there is physical contact or if a safety distance is violated. Although human injuries can be largely avoided in this way, all such solutions have in common that real cooperation between humans and robots is hardly possible and therefore the advantages of working with such systems cannot develop its full potential. In human-robot collaboration scenarios, more sophisticated solutions are required that make it possible to adapt the robot’s behavior to the operator and/or the current situation. Most importantly, during free robot movement, physical contact must be allowed for meaningful interaction and not recognized as a collision. However, here lies a key challenge for future systems: detecting human contact by using robot proprioception and machine learning algorithms. This work uses the Deep Metric Learning (DML) approach to distinguish between non-contact robot movement, intentional contact aimed at physical human-robot interaction, and collision situations. The achieved results are promising and show show that DML achieves 98.6% accuracy, which is 4% higher than the existing standards (i.e. a deep learning network trained without DML). It also indicates a promising generalization capability for easy portability to other robots (target robots) by detecting contact (distinguishing between contactless and intentional or accidental contact) without having to retrain the model with target robot data.
Optimizing performance to achieve multi‐terahertz operating frequencies in pseudomorphic HEMTs (2010)

Abstract High‐electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are important for high frequency applications, and they now operate in the range of several hundred GHz for the cut‐off frequency, f T and even higher for the maximum frequency of oscillation, f max . To study the question of how much higher these frequencies can be pushed, we have used a full‐band, cellular Monte Carlo transport program to study scaled pseudomorphic HEMTs and their response at high frequency. Building on a previous study on f T , we have obtained the unilateral power gain for gate lengths ranging from 10 to 50 nm, extracted the corresponding f max 's and extrapolated the results to determine an ultimate frequency limit for the 300 nm long device shown here.. We find that f max can exceed 4 THz, ∼25% higher than the limit for f T that was previously obtained. We also examine the effect of varying the gate to channel spacing has on the operation of these devices. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Oligonucleotides with Iodo‐Substituted Aromatic Aglycons: Investigation of Possible Halogen Bonding Base Pairs. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measles Fusion Machinery Is Dysregulated in Neuropathogenic Variants (2015)

Measles virus has become a concern in the United States and Europe due to recent outbreaks and continues to be a significant global problem. While live immunization is available, there are no effective therapies or prophylactics to combat measles infection in unprotected people. Additionally, vaccination does not adequately protect immunocompromised people, who are vulnerable to the more severe CNS manifestations of disease. We found that strains isolated from patients with measles virus infection of the CNS have fusion properties different from those of strains previously isolated from patients without CNS involvement. Specifically, the viral entry machinery is more active and the virus can spread, even in the absence of H. Our findings are consistent with an intrahost evolution of the fusion machinery that leads to neuropathogenic MV variants.
Gene transfer to human joints: Progress toward a gene therapy of arthritis (2005)

This article describes the clinical application of gene therapy to a nonlethal disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Intraarticular transfer of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) cDNA reduces disease in animal models of RA. Whether this procedure is safe and feasible in humans was addressed in a phase I clinical study involving nine postmenopausal women with advanced RA who required unilateral sialastic implant arthroplasty of the 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Cultures of autologous synovial fibroblasts were established and divided into two. One was transduced with a retrovirus carrying IL-1Ra cDNA; the other provided untransduced, control cells. In a dose escalation, double-blinded fashion, two MCP joints were injected with transduced cells, and two MCP joints received control cells. One week later, injected joints were resected and examined for evidence of successful gene transfer and expression by using RT-PCR, ex vivo production of IL-1Ra, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. All subjects tolerated the protocol well, without adverse events. Unlike control joints, those receiving transduced cells gave positive RT-PCR signals. Synovia that were recovered from the MCP joints of intermediate and high dose subjects produced elevated amounts of IL-1Ra (P = 0.01). Clusters of cells expressing high levels of IL-1Ra were present on synovia of transduced joints. No adverse events occurred. Thus, it is possible to transfer a potentially therapeutic gene safely to human rheumatoid joints and to obtain intraarticular, transgene expression. This conclusion justifies additional efficacy studies and encourages further development of genetic approaches to the treatment of arthritis and related disorders.
Low-Energy Magnetic Excitations and Morphology in Layered Hybrid Perovskite−Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Nanocomposites (2005)

Hybrid organic−inorganic layered perovskites (RnNH3)2MnCl4 of lyophilic aliphatic cations RnNH3+ (Rn = CnH2n+1; n = 2, 9) have been studied for their potential as functional additives in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The evolution of the microstructure for various nanocomposite assemblies was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Composites consisted of exfoliated MnCl4 layers and enhanced aspect ratio crystallites composed of bundles of a few MnCl4 sheets have been prepared. Such local morphology characteristics give rise to an inhomogeneous microstructure with enhanced surface areas and pronounced structural defects, suggestive of partial polymer intercalation only for the longer chain systems. The degree to which the two chemical realms interact at the interfacial regions does not affect the static magnetic properties. The composites display two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnetic behavior (TN ≤ 42 K) similar to that in bulk powders. Electron paramagnetic resonance finds that the low-temperature spin dynamics of dispersed MnCl4 layers are determined by the magnons and static solitons as in bulk materials. On the other hand, size-dependent features and local scale imperfections in the morphology, arising from the composite formation, soften the low-energy magnetic excitations of the pinned solitons. The interaction of PDMS and organocation chains affects the dynamics and the orientational ordering of the longer, linear alkylammonium molecules.
Influence of time to endovascular stroke treatment on outcomes in the early versus extended window paradigms (2021)

The impact of time to thrombectomy on outcomes appears to be time dependent with a steep influence in the early followed by a less significant plateau in the extended window. However, every effort should be made to shorten treatment times regardless of ischemia duration.
Smoking, Earlier Menarche and Low Parity as Independent Risk Factors for Gynecologic Cancers in Japanese: A Case-Control Study (2008)

During recent decades, the incidence of gynecologic cancers, i.e., cancers of the cervix, endometrium and ovary, has increased in Japan. However, risk factors of gynecologic cancers have not been fully clarified in Japan. To investigate common and site-specific risk factors among gynecologic cancers, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study. The cases, i.e., 151 cervical, 103 endometrial and 141 ovarian cancer cases and the controls (n = 2016) were selected from female patients aged 30 and over, who were admitted to a single hospital in Miyagi Prefecture from 1997 to 2003. Information on reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use, and lifestyles including smoking was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. A dose-response relationship with the number of cigarettes per day was also observed (p for trend = 0.004). Older age at menarche was associated with a decreased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers. For these cancers, the decreased risk was detected with increasing parity number (endometrium, p for trend = 0.0001; ovary, p = 0.0002). There was no significant association between exogenous hormone use and gynecologic cancer risk. The results indicate that smoking is a major risk factor of cervical cancer. In addition, hormonal factors, which are related to early onset of menarche and low parity, are common risk factors for endometrial and ovarian cancers. The increase in female smokers and the decrease in fertility rate may contribute to the increase in gynecologic cancer incidence in Japan.
Crack and flip phacoemulsification technique (1993)

The crack and flip phacoemulsification technique combines the advantages of circumferential division of the nucleus and nucleofactis techniques. As such, it adds safety and control to the procedure. We describe each of the surgical maneuvers, including machine settings, and explain the rationale for maneuvers and machine settings.
Accelerated Prion Disease Pathogenesis in Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling-Mutant Mice (2008)

Prion diseases such as scrapie involve the accumulation of disease-specific prion protein, PrP(Sc), in the brain. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of proteins that recognize microbial constituents and are central players in host innate immune responses. The TLR9 agonist unmethylated CpG DNA was shown to prolong the scrapie incubation period in mice, suggesting that innate immune activation interferes with prion disease progression. Thus, it was predicted that ablation of TLR signaling would result in accelerated pathogenesis. C3H/HeJ (Tlr4(Lps-d)) mice, which possess a mutation in the TLR4 intracellular domain preventing TLR4 signaling, and strain-matched wild-type control (C3H/HeOuJ) mice were infected intracerebrally or intraperitoneally with various doses of scrapie inoculum. Incubation periods were significantly shortened in C3H/HeJ compared with C3H/HeOuJ mice, regardless of the route of infection or dose administered. At the clinical phase of disease, brain PrP(Sc) levels in the two strains of mice showed no significant differences by Western blotting. In addition, compared with macrophages from C3H/HeOuJ mice, those from C3H/HeJ mice were unresponsive to fibrillogenic PrP peptides (PrP residues 106 to 126 [PrP(106-126)] and PrP(118-135)) and the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide but not to the TLR2 agonist zymosan, as measured by cytokine production. These data confirm that innate immune activation via TLR signaling interferes with scrapie infection. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the scrapie pathogen, or a component(s) thereof, is capable of stimulating an innate immune response that is active in the central nervous system, since C3H/HeJ mice, which lack the response, exhibit shortened incubation periods following both intraperitoneal and intracerebral infections.
Online Nanoflow Reversed Phase-Strong Anion Exchange-Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Platform for Efficient and In-Depth Proteome Sequence Analysis of Complex Organisms (2011)

The dynamic range of protein expression in complex organisms coupled with the stochastic nature of discovery-driven tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis continues to impede comprehensive sequence analysis and often provides only limited information for low-abundance proteins. High-performance fractionation of proteins or peptides prior to mass spectrometry analysis can mitigate these effects, though achieving an optimal combination of automation, reproducibility, separation peak capacity, and sample yield remains a significant challenge. Here we demonstrate an automated nanoflow 3-D liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS platform based on high-pH reversed phase (RP), strong anion exchange (SAX), and low-pH reversed phase (RP) separation stages for analysis of complex proteomes. We observed that RP-SAX-RP outperformed RP-RP for analysis of tryptic peptides derived from Escherichia coli and enabled identification of proteins present at a level of 50 copies per cell in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, corresponding to an estimated detection limit of 500 amol, from 40 μg of total lysate on a low-resolution 3-D ion trap mass spectrometer. A similar study performed on a LTQ-Orbitrap yielded over 4000 unique proteins from 5 μg of total yeast lysate analyzed in a single, 101 fraction RP-SAX-RP LC-MS/MS acquisition, providing an estimated detection limit of 65 amol for proteins expressed at 50 copies per cell.
Mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> Sphere with Nitrogen Adsorption for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Attendance at cardiac rehabilitation is associated with lower all-cause mortality after 14 years of follow-up (2012)

This study provides further evidence for the long-term benefits of CR in a contemporary, heterogeneous population. While a dose-response relationship may exist between the number of sessions attended and long-term mortality, this relationship does not occur independently of smoking differences. CR practitioners should encourage smokers to attend CR and provide support for smoking cessation.
A photovoltaic grid connected inverter with current source characteristics and maximum power tracking (2007)

A novel design of a photovoltaic grid connected inverter is presented. The inverter is realized so as to attain current source characteristics for simple connectivity to the grid. The advantage of this realization is simplified system due to the fact that no voltage amplitude matching or modulating is required and the wave shape of the grids voltage has no influence. The inverter's current polarity must be taken care of, to match the voltage polarity of the grid. The simple realization yields simplicity in the switching circuitry and control. The design includes an H-bridge topology that is switched by the AC grid itself. Therefore, no synchronization is required. Consequently, this simple switching scheme inherently suits all wave shapes and all frequency changes of the power grid. The system is combined with a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) with only output current control. The paper presents the theory, technology and the circuit of the new inverter.
Resuscitation Practices Associated With Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2016)

Using survey information from acute care hospitals participating in a national quality improvement registry, we identified 3 resuscitation strategies associated with higher hospital rates of survival for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest. These strategies can form the foundation for best practices for resuscitation care at hospitals given the high incidence and variation in survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Using Model-Based Security Engineering in the Development of Complex Aircraft Cabin Systems (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The increasing functionality associated with the rising complexity of aircraft cabin systems which are used by cabin crew, passengers, maintenance staff and other stakeholders, requires a reconsideration of the methods for the development of aircraft cabin systems. This paper deals with a model-based security engineering approach based on the so called Three-V-Model as an appropriate process model, which represents the governing system engineering process (SEP) associated with the safety engineering process (SafEP) and the security engineering process (SecEP). All three processes are pursued concurrently and are interacting reciprocally by working within the same system model on each development level. We describe in detail the involved model-based security engineering activities of the SecEP and the integration of the CORAS risk analysis method in a consistent System Modeling Language (SysML) approach. Finally we demonstrate how the interactions between the SEP and the SecEP with the CORAS risk analysis method are realized within a single SysML model.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Investigation of Reliability Characteristics of Si Nanocrystal NOR Memory Arrays (2007)

In this work, data of a 32Mb Si-NC NOR flash memory product, fabricated in a 130nm ATMEL technology platform have been presented. Measurements have shown an average threshold voltage shift of 3V, without extrinsic bits even after cycling and data retention at 150degC. An in-depth study of gate disturb has been performed, focusing on the influence of the HTO thickness.
Algorithms for estimation of concentrations in spectrophotometric analysis of multicomponent substances (2002)

The spectrophotometric analysis of a chemical substance is based on the interpretation of the measurement data acquired by means of a spectrophotometer, i.e., on estimation of the concentrations of its components. In this paper, a Bayesian approach to the estimation of those concentrations is compared with a more traditional approach based on selection and deconvolution. Its effective application requires a considerable amount of statistical a priori information, viz., the probability density functions characterizing the distributions of the concentrations, of the errors in the data, and of the residual components in the analyzed substance whose concentrations are not estimated. The compared methods of estimation of concentrations are studied and compared using some real-world spectrophotometric data. The results of the study are finally compared with those obtained by means of the currently used method for estimation of concentrations, viz., constrained least-squares curve fitting.
Enabling Spike-Based Backpropagation for Training Deep Neural Network Architectures (2020)

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as a prominent neural computing paradigm. However, the typical shallow SNN architectures have limited capacity for expressing complex representations while training deep SNNs using input spikes has not been successful so far. Diverse methods have been proposed to get around this issue such as converting off-the-shelf trained deep Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to SNNs. However, the ANN-SNN conversion scheme fails to capture the temporal dynamics of a spiking system. On the other hand, it is still a difficult problem to directly train deep SNNs using input spike events due to the discontinuous, non-differentiable nature of the spike generation function. To overcome this problem, we propose an approximate derivative method that accounts for the leaky behavior of LIF neurons. This method enables training deep convolutional SNNs directly (with input spike events) using spike-based backpropagation. Our experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed spike-based learning on deep networks (VGG and Residual architectures) by achieving the best classification accuracies in MNIST, SVHN, and CIFAR-10 datasets compared to other SNNs trained with a spike-based learning. Moreover, we analyze sparse event-based computations to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed SNN training method for inference operation in the spiking domain.