gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space Charge–Limited Current Model for Polymers (2016)

Polymers have exceptional charge transport mechanism as a combination of delocalization and localization of charge carriers with intramolecular and intermolecular charge interaction, respectively, and most of the time, it is interpreted with Mott-Gurney space charge–limited current model. As polymers are full of traps, therefore, Mott-Gurney space charge–limited model is modified with various trap distributions as trapped space charge–limited model. The most crucial parameter affected by the nature and distribution of traps is the carrier mobility, and it is argued that space charge–limited model is an acceptable choice for the mobility measurement for polymer. Similarly, in order to account the commonly observed lowering of trap barrier height at higher electric field, the Mott-Gurney space charge–limited current is further modified with little variations, which are evaluated and discussed in detail.
Distributed Bragg Reflectors With Reduced Optical Absorption (2023)

A new class of distributed Bragg reflectors has been developed. These distributed Bragg reflectors comprise interlayers positioned between sets of high-index and low-index quarter-wave plates. The presence of these interlayers is to reduce photon absorption resulting from spatially indirect photon-assisted electronic transitions between the high-index and low-index quarter wave plates. The distributed Bragg reflectors have applications for use in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for use at 1.55 .mu.m and at other wavelengths of interest.
Detection and Characterization of Circulating Tumour Cells from Frozen Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2015)

Abstract non disponibile
In Vivo Efficacy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neutralizing Antibodies: Estimates for Protective Titers (2007)

The definition of plasma neutralizing antibody titers capable of controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in vivo is considered a critical step in vaccine development. Here we provide estimates for effective neutralization titers by assessing samples from a recent passive immunization trial with the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10 using an analytic strategy that dissects the contributions of these MAbs to the total neutralization activity in patient plasma. Assessment of neutralization activities for six responding patients with partial or complete control of viremia during the MAb treatment and for the eight nonresponding patients revealed a significant difference between these groups: Among responders, MAb-mediated activity exceeded the autologous neutralization response by 1 to 2 log units (median difference, 43.3-fold), while in the nonresponder group, the autologous activity prevailed (median difference, 0.63-fold). In order to reach a 50% proportion of the responders in our study cohort, MAb neutralizing titers higher than 1:200 were required based on this analysis. The disease stage appears to have a significant impact on the quantities needed, since titers above 1:1,000 were needed to reach the same effect in chronic infection. Although our analysis is based on very small sample numbers and thus cannot be conclusive, our data provide a first estimate on how in vitro-measured neutralizing antibody activity can relate to in vivo efficacy in controlling HIV infection and may therefore provide valuable information for vaccine development. Interestingly, lower neutralizing antibody levels showed an effect in acute compared to chronic infection, suggesting that in early disease stages, therapeutic vaccination may show promise. Equally, this raises hopes that a preventive vaccine could become effective at comparatively lower neutralizing antibody titers.
Photodynamic treatment as a novel approach in the therapy of arthritic joints (2008)

Our study demonstrated that local PDT of arthritic joints is feasible. Application of pegylated liposomal m-THPC for PDT resulted in significant reduction of arthritis scores.
Convergence of self-report and physiological responses for evaluating creativity support tools (2011)

Creativity is a fuzzy, complex concept with a wide range of definitions and theories. Since there is no single agreed upon methodology for recognizing and evaluating creativity, this makes it particularly difficult to evaluate how well a creativity support tool (CST) supports the creativity of a user. My dissertation will be concerned with evaluating CSTs through the development of new quantitative metrics and methodologies. In this paper, I discuss research plans for my dissertation, which includes both existing work and new directions for my research.
Multimodal imaging reveals a role for Akt1 in fetal cardiac development (2013)

Even though congenital heart disease is the most prevalent malformation, little is known about how mutations affect cardiovascular function during development. Akt1 is a crucial intracellular signaling molecule, affecting cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Akt1 on prenatal cardiac development. In utero echocardiography was performed in fetal wild-type, heterozygous, and Akt1-deficient mice. The same fetal hearts were imaged using ex vivo micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histology. Neonatal hearts were imaged by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Additional ex vivo neonatal hearts were analyzed using histology and real-time PCR of all three groups. In utero echocardiography revealed abnormal blood flow patterns at the mitral valve and reduced contractile function of Akt1 null fetuses, while ex vivo μCT and histology unraveled structural alterations such as dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular septum defects in these fetuses. Further histological analysis showed reduced myocardial capillaries and coronary vessels in Akt1 null fetuses. At neonatal age, Akt1-deficient mice exhibited reduced survival with reduced endothelial cell density in the myocardium and attenuated cardiac expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A and collagen Iα1. To conclude, this study revealed a central role of Akt1 in fetal cardiac function and myocardial angiogenesis inducing fetal cardiomyopathy and reduced neonatal survival. This study links a specific physiological phenotype with a defined genotype, namely Akt1 deficiency, in an attempt to pinpoint intrinsic causes of fetal cardiomyopathies.
Pressure-Induced Phase Transition in Pentacene-Doped Tetracene Single Crystals (1978)

Abstract From the pressure dependence of the spatial anisotropy of the magnetic field effect on the guest fluorescence of pentacene-doped tetracene single crystals it is concluded that a phase transition occurs near 3 kbar. The result is briefly discussed in comparison with a similar phenomenon in neat tetracene crystals.
An essential RNA element resides in a central region of hepatitis E virus ORF2 (2013)

Hepatitis E virus (genus Hepevirus, family Hepeviridae) is one of the most important causes of acute hepatitis in adults, particularly among pregnant women, throughout Asia and Africa where mortality rates can be 20-30 %. Hepatitis E virus has a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome that contains three translated ORFs. The two 3' ORFs are translated from a subgenomic RNA. Functional RNA elements have been identified in and adjacent to the genomic 5' and 3' UTRs and in and around the intergenic region. Here we describe an additional RNA element that is located in a central region of ORF2. The RNA element is predicted to fold into two highly conserved stem-loop structures, ISL1 and ISL2. Mutations that disrupt the predicted structures, without altering the encoded amino acid sequence, result in a drastic reduction in capsid protein synthesis. This indicates that the RNA element plays an important role in one of the early steps of virus replication. The structures were further investigated using a replicon that expresses Gaussia luciferase in place of the capsid protein. Single mutations in ISL2 severely reduced luciferase expression, but a pair of compensatory mutations that were predicted to restore the ISL2 structure, restored luciferase expression to near-WT levels, thus lending experimental support to the predicted structure. Nonetheless the precise role of the ISL1+ISL2 element remains unknown.
Abstract PO091: Armed Myxoma virus demonstrates efficacy in syngeneic tumor models alone and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2021)

Abstract Oncolytic Viruses (OV) selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells and provide stimulation to the immune system. This represents a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients that do not respond well to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a member of the Poxviridae family of double stranded DNA viruses. The natural host of MYXV is a subset of lagomorphs, but MYXV can infect cancer cell lines of humans and other species. The genome of MYXV is relatively large and is amenable to engineering for expression of transgenes making it an excellent oncolytic virus for introduction of immunomodulatory proteins. The current work describes the oncolytic activity, transgene production capability, in vivo activity and immunomodulatory mechanism of actions following intratumoral and intravenous administration of armed myxoma viruses in murine cancer models. Additional combination therapy with clinically relevant immune checkpoint inhibitors is demonstrated. Citation Format: Lina S. Franco, Lino E. Torres-Dominguez, Joseph Mamola, Ana L. de Matos, Mario Abrantes, Benjamin S. Walker, Zachary Tacner, Cassandra Kien, Natalie M. Elliott, Grant McFadden, Leslie L. Sharp. Armed Myxoma virus demonstrates efficacy in syngeneic tumor models alone and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PO091.
Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations of GalNAc<sub>3</sub>-Conjugated Antisense Oligonucleotides (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: Triantennary N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc<sub>3</sub>) - conjugated antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have demonstrated improved hepatocyte uptake and pharmacologic activity over their parent unconjugated ASOs in animals and <i>humans</i>. <b>Areas covered</b>: In this review, the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) characteristics of GalNAc<sub>3</sub>-conjugated ASOs in animals and in <i>humans</i> are summarized, and their clinical relevance is evaluated from the clinical pharmacology perspectives. <b>Expert opinion</b>: ASOs distribute to tissues via receptor-mediated processes, and conjugation to a ligand specific to certain cell types can improve target tissue delivery. GalNAc<sub>3</sub>-conjugation represents a good example on this regard and has demonstrated ideal characteristics of a prodrug to target delivery of ASOs to hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). The improved potency and safety margin permit more flexible dosing (e.g. monthly or less frequently if needed) taking full advantage of the long half-life of the parent ASO in <i>humans</i>. However, while still speculative, it should be noted that ASGPR-mediated uptake could become nonlinear with dose and factors that impact ASGPR expression or compete with ASGPR-mediated uptake could potentially affect the uptake of GalNAc<sub>3</sub>-conjugated ASOs, further studies are warranted.
Synthetic lethality on drug discovery: an update on cancer therapy (2020)

SL conceptualizes a resolution against treatment resistance to anticancer regimen by recognition of therapeutic vulnerabilities in particular cancer cells. A multitude of clinical trials associated with SL and DNA repair are being conducted that will be useful in obtaining a clearer picture pertaining to the use of cancer biomarkers and effectiveness of drugs acting via target-based molecular changes. Furthermore, new anticancer regimen focused on personalized medicines will emerge basing their development upon SL.
Communicating through Touch: Macro Fiber Composites for Tactile Stimulation on the Abdomen (2017)

Research into sensory substitution systems has expanded, as alternative senses are utilized in real-time to afford object recognition or spatial understanding. Tactile stimulation has long shown promise as a communicatory strategy when applied unobtrusively to the redundant surface areas of the skin. Here, a novel belt, integrating a matrix of macro fiber composites, is purposed to deliver tactile stimuli to the abdomen. The design and development of the belt is presented and a systematic experimental study is conducted to analyze the impact of frequency and duty cycle. The belt is a beta precursor to a soft haptic feedback device that will enable situational awareness and obstacle avoidance through the localization of tactile stimulation relative to a body-centric frame of reference in a local environment.
Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen‐expressing Free Tumor Cells in Peritoneal Washes from Patients with Gastric Carcinoma by Polymerase Chain Reaction (1997)

Cytological examination of peritoneal washes is a useful predictor of peritoneal recurrence in gastric carcinoma patients. In the present study, even more sensitive detection of free cancer cells could be achieved through amplification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA by means of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CEA was first confirmed to be present in all the gastric cancer cell lines examined, irrespective of the differentiation degree, and absent in blood and mesothelium, indicating the specificity of this approach for detection of carcinoma cells in peritoneal lavage fluid. In sensitivity tests, CEA RT-PCR proved to be capable of detecting 10 carcinoma cells per sample. Peritoneal washes of 15 of 48 gastric carcinoma patients, including all 10 patients with positive cytology results, proved positive for CEA mRNA. None of the 5 patients with benign disease was positive. Moreover, a close association with the depth of cancer invasion was established. The results indicate that the assay is more sensitive for detection of free carcinoma cells in the peritoneal cavity than conventional cytology. This is the first study to suggest the feasibility of the RT-PCR method for prediction of peritoneal recurrence in gastric cancer patients.
Modeling prior information of common genetic variants improves gene discovery for neuroticism (2017)

Neuroticism reflects emotional instability, and is related to various mental and physical health issues. However, the majority of genetic variants associated with neuroticism remain unclear. Inconsistent genetic variants identified by different genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may be attributable to low statistical power. We proposed a novel framework to improve the power for gene discovery by incorporating prior information of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and combining two relevant existing tools, relative enrichment score (RES) and conditional false discovery rate (FDR). Here, SNP's conditional FDR was estimated given its RES based on SNP prior information including linkage disequilibrium (LD)-weighted genic annotation scores, total LD scores and heterozygosity. A known significant locus in chromosome 8p was excluded before estimating FDR due to long-range LD structure. Only one significant LD-independent SNP was detected by analyses of unconditional FDR and traditional GWAS in the discovery sample (N = 59 225), and notably four additional SNPs by conditional FDR. Three of the five SNPs, all identified by conditional FDR, were replicated (P < 0.05) in an independent sample (N = 170 911). These three SNPs are located in intronic regions of CADM2, LINGO2 and EP300 which have been reported to be associated with autism, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, respectively. Our approach using a combination of RES and conditional FDR improved power of traditional GWAS for gene discovery providing a useful framework for the analysis of GWAS summary statistics by utilizing SNP prior information, and helping to elucidate the links between neuroticism and complex diseases from a genetic perspective.
Helium atmospheric pressure plasma jets interacting with wet cells: delivery of electric fields (2016)

The use of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) in plasma medicine have produced encouraging results in wound treatment, surface sterilization, deactivation of bacteria, and treatment of cancer cells. It is known that many of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by the APPJ are critical to these processes. Other key components to treatment include the ion and photon fluxes, and the electric fields produced in cells by the ionization wave of the APPJ striking in the vicinity of the cells. These relationships are often complicated by the cells being covered by a thin liquid layer-wet cells. In this paper, results from a computational investigation of the interaction of APPJs with tissue beneath a liquid layer are discussed. The emphasis of this study is the delivery of electric fields by an APPJ sustained in He/O-2 = 99.8/0.2 flowing into humid air to cells lying beneath water with thickness of 200 mu m. The water layer represents the biological fluid typically covering tissue during treatment. Three voltages were analyzed-two that produce a plasma effluent that touches the surface of the water layer and one that does not touch. The effect of the liquid layer thickness, 50 mu m to 1 mm, was also examined. Comparisons were made of the predicted intracellular electric fields to those thresholds used in the field of bioelectronics.
Nano Engineered Energetic Materials (NEEM) (2011)

Abstract : The ARO Nano Engineered Energetic Materials (NEEM) MURI program has been exploring new methodologies for developing energetic material formulations with control of all constituents over a wide range of length scales from 1 nm to 1 mm and larger and employing the latest techniques in molecular self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry for synthesizing and assembling NEEMs. The synthetic efforts have been guided by theoretical calculations and dynamic performance testing methodologies that also operate on all length scales. This final report provides a summary of the accomplishments. In particular, new methods to generate metal nanoclusters were developed that are stabilized against environmental degradation while preserving their high energy content. Rapid expansion supercritical solution processes were developed and applied to synthesize nanosized particulate oxidizers and energetic oxidizer shell/fuel core composites. Surface science and experimental chemistry methods were applied to study the structures and energy releasing reaction pathways of NEEMs. Unique diagnostic capabilities were developed and applied to study the fundamental mechanisms that underlie NEEM dynamic performance. Combustion mechanisms of various NEEMs, including nanothermites and nanoparticulate fuel/liquid oxidizer systems, were experimentally analyzed. The reactive and thermal characteristics of NEEMs were studied using large (billion atoms) multiscale simulations that couple quantum-mechanical calculations to molecular dynamics calculations. In particular, the stability, structure and energetics of metallic nanoparticles with a special focus on the relationships between particle size, shape and excess surface free energy were studied. A unified theory of ignition and combustion of aluminum particles for a wide range of sizes, from nano to meso scales was established.
Protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by recombinant OprF-pulsed dendritic cell immunization (2010)

This study highlights the pivotal contribution of DCs to vaccine-induced protection against P. aeruginosa infection and associated inflammation.
Numerical Simulations of Ion Thruster Accelerator Grid Erosion (2002)

The highly successful demonstration of ion propulsion on Deep Space 1 has stimulated the study of more demanding applications of ion propulsion. These future applications require ion thrusters capable of providing significantly greater specific impulses and total impulses than the current state-of-the-art Higher specific impulses aggravate the known wear out mechanisms of the ion accelerator system.
Biochemical and Functional Analysis of the Assembly of Full-length Sup35p and Its Prion-forming Domain (2006)

The protein Sup35 has prion properties. Its aggregation is at the origin of the [PSI(+)] trait in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vitro, the N-terminal domain of Sup35p alone or with the middle domain assembles into fibrils that exhibit the characteristics of amyloids. The vast majority of in vitro studies on the assembly of Sup35p have been performed using Sup35pNM, as fibrils made of Sup35pNM assembled in vitro propagate [PSI(+)] when reintroduced into yeast cells. Little is known about the assembly of full-length Sup35p and the role of the functional C-terminal domain of the protein. Here we report a systematic comparison of the biochemical and assembly properties of full-length Sup35p and Sup35pNM. We show that the native structure of the C-terminal domain is retained within the fibrils. We determined the size of Sup35p nuclei and the critical concentration for assembly that both differ from that of Sup35pNM. We demonstrate that Sup35pNM co-assembles with the full-length protein and that fibrils made of Sup35p or Sup35pNM seed the assembly of soluble Sup35pNM and Sup35p with different efficiencies. Finally, we show that fibrils made of full-length Sup35p induce with higher efficiency [PSI(+)] appearance as compared with those made of Sup35pNM. Our findings reveal differences and similarities in the assembly of Sup35p and its NM fragment and validate the use of Sup35pNM in studying some aspects of Sup35p aggregation but also underline the importance of using full-length Sup35p in studying prion propagation both in vivo and in vitro.
Illuminated curved 25-gauge vitrectomy probe for removal of subsclerotomy vitreous in vitreoretinal surgery (2008)

Incarceration of vitreous in sclerotomy sites during pars plana vitrectomy can lead to wound-related complications similar to vitreous incarceration in cataract surgery. We describe an illuminated curved 25-gauge vitrectomy probe for removing vitreous from sclerotomy sites. Polyester tubing is used to secure a fiber optic endoilluminator (0.5 mm) with the curved 25-gauge vitrector (0.5 mm). The resultant illuminated curved vitrector (20 G) has a diameter of 1.0 mm. It facilitates complete removal of vitreous around the internal sclerotomies under direct visualization in both phakic and pseudophakic eyes. The same was confirmed with ultrasound biomicroscopy of the sclerotomy sites. Curved vitrector reduces postoperative complications related to incarcerated vitreous in phakic and pseudophakic eyes and other sclerotomy-related wound complications.