gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation of thrombosis growth rate to pathological wall shear rate during platelet accumulation (2012)

Local hemodynamics may strongly influence atherothrombosis, which can lead to acute myocardial infarction and stroke. The relationship between hemodynamics and thrombosis during platelet accumulation was studied through an in vitro flow system consisting of a stenosis. Specifically, wall shear rates (WSR) ranging from 0 to 100,000 s(-1) were ascertained through computations and compared with thrombus growth rates found by image analysis for over 5,000 individual observation points per experiment. A positive correlation (P < 0.0001) was found between thrombus accumulation rates and WSR up to 6,000 s(-1), with a decrease in growth rates at WSR >6,000 s(-1) (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, growth rates at pathological shear rates were found to be two to four times greater than for physiological arterial shear rates below 400 s(-1). Platelets did not accumulate for the first minute of perfusion. The initial lag time, before discernible thrombus growth could be found, diminished with shear (P < 0.0001). These studies show the quantitative increase in thrombus growth rates with very high shear rates in stenoses onto a collagen substrate.
Highly Bulky and Electron-Rich Terminal Ruthenium Phosphido Complexes:  New Donor Ligands for Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Couplings (2002)

Secondary phosphine complexes of the formula [(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))Ru(L)(2)(PHR(2))](+) BAr(F)(-) are prepared from cationic ruthenium N(2) complexes and PHR(2) (R = Ph (a), t-Bu (b), Cy (c)). Additions of t-BuOK or NaN(SiMe(3))(2) give the phosphido complexes (eta(5)-C(5)H(5))Ru(L)(2)(PR(2)) ((L)(2) = (PEt(3))(2) (5a-c), depe (6a,b)) in high NMR yields. These rapidly oxidize in air to give isolable RuP(=O)R(2) species. Complex 5a is more basic than the rhenium analogue (eta(5)-C(5)H(5))Re(NO)(PPh(3))(PPh(2)), and 6b is more basic than P-t-Bu(3). Complexes 5a-c and 6b are effective ligands for palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reactions. The catalyst from 6b is nearly as reactive as that from the benchmark ligand P-t-Bu(3).
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Disrupts E-Cadherin-Containing Adherens Junctions and Increases Scattering and Motility of MCF7 Breast Carcinoma Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Disrupts E-Cadherin-Containing Adherens Junctions and Increases Scattering and Motility of MCF7 Breast Carcinoma Cells
Management of Recalcitrant Scapulothoracic Bursitis (2006)

Scapulothoracic crepitus and bursitis of the scapulothoracic articulation are uncommon and poorly understood disorders. Painless crepitus may be physiological, whereas the opposite, a clinically significant bursitis, may occur without crepitus or sound. Scapular noises attributed to crepitus arise from anatomical changes of the soft tissues in the articulation or from bony incongruity. Physical examination may find tenderness over the superomedial border, pseudowinging, sometimes a mild fullness can be palpated with or without audible crepitus. Initial treatment is nonoperative with rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, activity modification, and shoulder rehabilitation. Nonoperative treatment is quite effective for bursitis secondary to overuse; but surgery, open or arthroscopic, may be warranted if the structural lesions are causing painful crepitus.
Characterization of pilot-scale dilute acid pretreatment performance using deacetylated corn stover (2014)

This study effectively characterized a range of pretreatment reaction conditions using deacetylated corn stover at low acid loadings and identified an optimum reaction condition was selected and used in a series of integrated pilot scale cellulosic ethanol production campaigns. Additionally, several issues exist to be considered in future pretreatment experiments in continuous reactor systems, including the formation of char within the reactor, as well as practical issues with feeding herbaceous feedstock into pressurized systems.
Studien zur Synthese und Modifikation von Crocapeptin A (2016)

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Entwicklung einer schritt-effizienten Synthese von Crocapeptin A, die für die Herstellung von Derivaten von Crocapeptinen verwendet werden kann. Darüber hinaus wurde eine Methode zur Modifikation von Di- bzw. Tripeptiden via allylischer Alkylierung entwickelt, die für eine "late-stage" Funktionalisierung zum Erhalt von Crocapeptin-analogen Verbindungen angewendet werden kann.\nDie Synthesestrategie bezüglich des Depsipeptids zielte auf den Aufbau des cyclischen Kerns ab, an den anschließend die Einführung verschiedener Seitenketten möglich ist. In dieser Arbeit wurden zwei verschiedene Strategien zur Synthese des cyclischen Kerns bezüglich Ihrer Effizienz und Anwendbarkeit verglichen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine lineare Synthese zum Aufbau des Hexapeptids mit anschließendem Ringschluss der konvergenten Synthese vorzuziehen ist. Dies zeigte sich insbesondere in der Epimerisierungsempfinflichkeit der einzelnen Bausteine in der konvergenten Synthese.\nDie Studien zur Peptidmodifizierung via allylischer Alkylierung am Di- bzw. Tripeptid zeigten deutlich, dass hydroxylierte und nicht-proteinogene Aminosäuren in den zu alkylierenden Peptiden die Reaktion limitieren. Schließlich konnte eine Methode entwickelt werden, bei der Allylglycin als Precurser für eine funktionalisierte Aminosäure diente. Dieser konnte im Anschluss der allylischen Alkylierung in das 5-Hydroxynorvalin überführt werden.
Use of a mixed reality system for navigational mapping during cardiac electrophysiological testing does not prolong case duration: A subanalysis from the Cardiac Augmented REality study (2023)

MXR did not prolong overall procedural time compared to a matched cohort. There was no prolongation in study task completion time. Future studies with experienced CommandEP users directly assessing procedural time and task completion time in a randomized study population would be of interest.
Identification of seven novel variants in the β-globin gene in transfusion-dependent and normal patients (2019)

This current study updated the <i>HBB</i> gene variations with newly identified variants of <i>HBB</i> gene and co-inheritance with α-globin deletions. The identified β-globin mutations will strengthen the genetic reference that could aid in characterizing mutations that are associated with phenotype of thalassemia in a specific region.
<i>Rfx2</i> is required for spermatogenesis in the mouse (2015)

RFX transcription factors are key regulators of ciliogenesis in vertebrates. In Xenopus and zebrafish embryos, knockdown of Rfx2 causes defects in neural tube closure and in left-right axis patterning. To determine the essential role of the Rfx2 gene in mammalian development, we generated Rfx2-deficient mice using an embryonic stem cell clone containing a lacZ gene trap reporter inserted into the first intron of the Rfx2 gene. We found that the Rfx2 lacZ reporter is expressed in ciliated tissues during mouse development including the node, the floor plate and the dorsal neural tube. However, mice homozygous for the Rfx2 gene trap mutation did not have defects in neural tube closure or in organ situs. The gene trap insertion appears to create a null allele as Rfx2 mRNA was not detected in Rfx2<sup>gt/gt</sup> embryos. Although Rfx2-deficient mice do not have an obvious embryonic phenotype, we found that Rfx2<sup>gt/gt</sup> males are infertile because of a defect in spermatid maturation at or before the round and elongating spermatid stage. Our results indicate that Rfx2 is not essential for embryonic development in the mouse but is required for spermatogenesis. genesis 53:604-611, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronic electrocorticography for sensing movement intention and closed-loop deep brain stimulation with wearable sensors in an essential tremor patient (2016)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a widespread and valuable treatment for patients with movement disorders such as essential tremor (ET). However, current DBS treatment constantly delivers stimulation in an open loop, which can be inefficient. Closing the loop with sensors to provide feedback may increase power efficiency and reduce side effects for patients. New implantable neuromodulation platforms, such as the Medtronic Activa PC+S DBS system, offer important data sources by providing chronic neural sensing capabilities and a means of investigating dynamic stimulation based on symptom measurements. The authors implanted in a single patient with ET an Activa PC+S system, a cortical strip of electrodes on the hand sensorimotor cortex, and therapeutic electrodes in the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus. In this paper they describe the effectiveness of the platform when sensing cortical movement intentions while the patient actually performed and imagined performing movements. Additionally, they demonstrate dynamic closed-loop DBS based on several wearable sensor measurements of tremor intensity.
Production of hybrid nanoparticles (2021)

In the last few years, several 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' synthesis routes have been developed to produce tailored hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs). This book provides a new insight into one of the most promising 'bottom-up' techniques, based on a practical magnetron-sputtering inert-gas-condensation method. A modified magnetron-sputtering-based inert-gas-condensation (MS-IGC) system is presented, and its performances under different conditions are evaluated.
A cell-free antigen processing system reveals antigenic factors critical for HIV-1 epitope dominance and informs vaccine design (2021)

Abstract Certain CD4+T cell epitopes have been associated with immune control of HIV-1 replication and the presence of anti-Env neutralizing antibodies. However, it remains unclear what antigen-dependent factors influence the dominance of certain epitopes in HIV-1 proteins. To study HIV-1 epitope dominance, we used a cell-free antigen processing system previously developed by our group that utilizes soluble HLA-DR1*01:01 (DR1), HLA-DM (DM), protein antigen and three cathepsins in a reducing and low pH environment to allow for antigen binding and cleavage. We subjected HIV-1 antigens from Gag, Pol, Env and accessory proteins Vif, Nef, Tat, and Rev to this system. Immunoprecipitation of pMHC-II complexes followed by peptide elution and identification via LC-MS/MS revealed a map of DR1-bound epitopes across the near-full length HIV-1 proteome. Most identified epitopes were DM-resistant, and in some cases, DM narrowed the epitope diversity to one species. Importantly, we identified 28 novel epitopes, including several glycopeptides eluted from DR1. We noted epitope “hot spots” in HIV-1 antigens and striking similarities in epitopes from HIV polyproteins (Gag precursor) versus individual subunits (Gag capsid). Analysis of the location of several epitopes from smaller HIV-1 proteins based on their known crystal structures mapped to regions of low protein stability and higher solvent accessibility. Finally, we found that several epitopes induced memory CD4+T cell responses in persons living with HIV-1. Thus, by using a minimalist in vitro processing system, we can interrogate novel HIV-1 epitopes and understand how DM-resistance and antigen structure influence epitope dominance, which has important implications for vaccine design.
Synthesis and characterization of a soluble blue light emitting alternating copolymer (1998)

Abstract An alternating copolymer with monomer units of fluorene and phenylenedivinylene was synthesized by reaction between n‐hexyl fluorene phosphonium salt and isophthalic aldehyde based on the Wittig reaction. The polymer solution in chloroform was made into a film with a very fine surface by spin‐casting on indium‐tin oxide (ITO) coated glass to fabricate a light emitting diode (LED) with an aluminum negative electrode. The optical absorption spectrum of the solid film shows a peak at 370 ran while the PL spectrum has the main peak at 560 nm with a secondary peak at 440 nm and the EL spectrum has a single peak at 560 nm showing the Stokes shift of 190 nm. The peak in the PL spectrum shifts to 420 nm with a vibronic structure at 440 nm on either dilution by chloroform or blending with polyvinylcarbazole (PVK). The emissive polymer bulk seemed to generate sites for excimers and molecular aggregates which were diminished on the dilution or blending. The peak in the EL spectrum also shifts to 440 nm on blending of 20% of the copolymer with PVK. Further dilution to 10% of the copolymer shifts the EL peak to 420 nm with the onset potential of 15 V and the highest quantum efficiency of 0.01% in this series. The concentrated channels were developed in the blends with severe phase separation to show a lower onset potential but poor quantum efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectivity in the SmI<sub>2</sub>‐Induced Deoxygenation of Thiazolylketoses for Formyl C‐Glycoside Synthesis and Revised Structure of C‐Ribofuranosides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of the Silybin-Phosphatidylcholine Complex (IdB 1016) on the Development of Mammary Tumors in HER-2/neu Transgenic Mice (2007)

Silybin, a main component of the milk thistle of Silybum marianum, has been reported to possess anticancer activity. We investigated the effects of IdB 1016, a complex of silybin with phosphatidylcholine, on the development of mammary tumors appearing spontaneously in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. The mechanisms involved in the antitumor effect of IdB 1016 were evaluated by studying the apoptosis, senescent-like growth arrest, intratumoral leukocyte infiltrate, and the expression of HER-2/neu and p53 in tumoral mammary glands from transgenic mice and in human breast SKBR3 tumor cells. The administration of IdB 1016 delayed the development of spontaneous mammary tumors, reduced the number and size of mammary tumor masses, and diminished lung metastasization in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. In tumoral mammary glands from IdB 1016-treated mice, a down-regulation of HER-2/neu gene expression was associated with an increased senescent-like growth arrest of tumor cells, and an increased infiltrate of neutrophils, CD4, and CD8 T cells. Both senescent-like growth arrest and apoptosis were significantly increased and were associated with a reduced p185(HER-2/neu) protein and an increased p53 mRNA in SKBR3 in vitro treated with IdB 1016 in comparison with control cells. The results show the antitumor effect of IdB 1016 in the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. The effect of IdB 1016 might be related to the down-regulation of HER-2/neu expression and the induction of senescent-like growth arrest and apoptosis through a p53-mediated pathway in tumor cells.
Depth synthesis and local warps for plausible image-based navigation (2013)

Modern camera calibration and multiview stereo techniques enable users to smoothly navigate between different views of a scene captured using standard cameras. The underlying automatic 3D reconstruction methods work well for buildings and regular structures but often fail on vegetation, vehicles, and other complex geometry present in everyday urban scenes. Consequently, missing depth information makes Image-Based Rendering (IBR) for such scenes very challenging. Our goal is to provide plausible free-viewpoint navigation for such datasets. To do this, we introduce a new IBR algorithm that is robust to missing or unreliable geometry, providing plausible novel views even in regions quite far from the input camera positions. We first oversegment the input images, creating superpixels of homogeneous color content which often tends to preserve depth discontinuities. We then introduce a depth synthesis approach for poorly reconstructed regions based on a graph structure on the oversegmentation and appropriate traversal of the graph. The superpixels augmented with synthesized depth allow us to define a local shape-preserving warp which compensates for inaccurate depth. Our rendering algorithm blends the warped images, and generates plausible image-based novel views for our challenging target scenes. Our results demonstrate novel view synthesis in real time for multiple challenging scenes with significant depth complexity, providing a convincing immersive navigation experience.
Angiotensinogen Dependency of Blood Pressure in Two High-Kenin Hypertensive Rat Models (1994)

In this analysis we investigated whether angiotensinogen (Aogn) levels were related to blood pressure (BP) in two hypertensive rat models when renin secretion was either under physiologic regulation or out of control. These relationships were investigated using BP data from previous reports in which SHRsp and Dahl S rats were studied for 10 to 12 weeks while ingesting a high-salt diet with and without the angiotensin II (Angll) antagonist losartan During the first 4 weeks of high-salt diet, plasma renin concentration (PRC) was appropriately suppressed but it subsequently increased paradoxically in both strains. During the first 4 weeks, when renin secretion was under normal control, as indicated by its suppression by the high-salt diet and by an inverse relationship between PRC and BP (r = −0.69 , Ρ < .001 and r = −0.53 , Ρ < .01 in Dahl S and SHRsp, respectively), there was no relationship between BP and plasma Aogn. In contrast, when renin secretion increased paradoxically, the inverse relationship between BP and PRC was lost and a positive relationship was found between BP and plasma Aogn in both Dahl S rats (r = 0.70, Ρ < .01) and SHRsp (r = 0.57, Ρ < .01). There was no relationship between BP and Aogn in either strain during treatment with losartan either before or after 4 to 6 weeks of salt feeding These results show Aogn dependency of BP, but only under conditions in which renin cannot feed back normally. The Aogn relationship to BP was most likely dependent on the vasoconstrictor effect of Angll since it was lost during Angll ATI receptor antagonism. Am J Hypertens 1994; 7:899–904
Finnish hereditary amyloidosis is caused by a single nucleotide substitution in the gelsolin gene (1990)

The amyloid protein in Finnish hereditary amyloidosis is a fragment of the actin-filament binding region of a variant gelsolin molecule. Here we demonstrate, using polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analyses of genomic DNA, a single base mutation (G654----A654) in the gelsolin gene segment encoding the amyloid protein. The mutation is responsible for the expression of the variant (Asn187) gelsolin molecule in Finnish hereditary amyloidosis. The nucleotide substitution was found in all five unrelated patients with Finnish amyloidosis studied, but not in 45 unrelated control subjects. The mutation co-segregated with the disease phenotype in a family with Finnish amyloidosis. The results show that a single substitution in the gelsolin gene causes Finnish hereditary amyloidosis. The allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization method provides a simple and accurate means of detecting this mutation.
Pannexin 1 sustains the electrophysiological responsiveness of retinal ganglion cells (2018)

Pannexin 1 (Panx1) forms ATP-permeable membrane channels that play a key role in purinergic signaling in the nervous system in both normal and pathological conditions. In the retina, particularly high levels of Panx1 are found in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), but the normal physiological function in these cells remains unclear. In this study, we used patch clamp recordings in the intact inner retina to show that evoked currents characteristic of Panx1 channel activity were detected only in RGCs, particularly in the OFF-type cells. The analysis of pattern electroretinogram (PERG) recordings indicated that Panx1 contributes to the electrical output of the retina. Consistently, PERG amplitudes were significantly impaired in the eyes with targeted ablation of the Panx1 gene in RGCs. Under ocular hypertension and ischemic conditions, however, high Panx1 activity permeated cell membranes and facilitated the selective loss of RGCs or stably transfected Neuro2A cells. Our results show that high expression of the Panx1 channel in RGCs is essential for visual function in the inner retina but makes these cells highly sensitive to mechanical and ischemic stresses. These findings are relevant to the pathophysiology of retinal disorders induced by increased intraocular pressure, such as glaucoma.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is a Novel Determinant of Cigarette Smoke–Induced Lung Damage (2014)

Cigarette smoke (CS) is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), including emphysema. CS exposure impacts all cell types within the airways and lung parenchyma, causing alveolar tissue destruction through four mechanisms: (1) oxidative stress; (2) inflammation; (3) protease-induced degradation of the extracellular matrix; and (4) enhanced alveolar epithelial and endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. Studies in human pulmonary ECs demonstrate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) antagonizes CS-induced apoptosis. Here, we used human microvascular ECs, an animal model of emphysema (mice challenged with chronic CS), and patient serum samples to address both the capacity of CS to alter MIF expression and the effects of MIF on disease severity. We demonstrate significantly reduced serum MIF levels in patients with COPD. In the murine model, chronic CS exposure resulted in decreased MIF mRNA and protein expression in the intact lung. MIF deficiency (Mif(-/-)) potentiated the toxicity of CS exposure in vivo via increased apoptosis of ECs, resulting in enhanced CS-induced tissue remodeling. This was linked to MIF's capacity to protect against double-stranded DNA damage and suppress p53 expression. Taken together, MIF appears to antagonize CS-induced toxicity in the lung and resultant emphysematous tissue remodeling by suppressing EC DNA damage and controlling p53-mediated apoptosis, highlighting a critical role of MIF in EC homeostasis within the lung.
Association of Angiogenesis in Lymph Node Metastases With Outcome of Breast Cancer (2000)

This pilot study suggests that assessing neovascularization in axillary lymph node metastases may provide clinically useful information regarding survival in patients with primary breast cancer.
Bio-efficacy of plants extract against Alternaria brassicicola causing Alternaria leaf spot of cabbage (2019)

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is most important vegetable crop and several bacteria, fungi and virus infect it and cause disease. Alternaria leaf spot of cabbage is very worst disease and is distributed worldwide in all cabbage growing countries. The growth inhibition of mycelium of Alternaria brassicicola was tested by treatment of culture by five botanical extracts viz. Azadirachta indica, Capsicum annum, Calotropis giganta, Barbadoes aloe, Aegle marelos and compared with control culture. These botanical extracts were added to the culture media at two concentration viz. 15 % and 25 % and tested by poisoned food technique. Neem and chilli plant extracts were found highly effective against pathogen at both 15 % and 25 % concentration and mycelial inhibition was recorded 68 % at 25 % concentration. Another two plant extracts Aloe vera and madar were also found to be effective against pathogen and both showed 55.33 percent inhibition at 25 % concentration. Minimum mycelia inhibition was recorded from Bel with only 37.77 percent inhibition at 25% concentration. Presently many farmers are using chemicals for control of Alternaria leaf spot of cabbage however, they cause health hazards. Therefore, this investigation will be helpful to the farmers for selection of suitable plant extracts, used as a control of Alternaria leaf spot of cabbage.