gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GIS Data: City of Portsmouth, Virginia Tidal Marsh Inventory (2015)

The 2015 Tidal Marsh Inventory update for the City of Portsmouth, Virginia was generated using on-screen digitizing techniques in the most recent version of ArcGIS® - ArcMap while viewing conditions observed in the most recent imagery from the Virginia Base Mapping Program (VBMP). Dominant plant community types were primarily determined during field surveys from shallow-draft boats moving along the shoreline. Land-based surveys were performed in some locations. One shapefile is developed that portrays tidal marsh areas represented as polygons. A metadata file accompanies the shapefile to define attribute accuracy, data development, and any use restrictions that pertain to the data.
Art, Design and Communication Theory in Creating the Communicative Social Robot ‘Haru’ (2021)

Haru is a social, affective robot designed to support a wide range of research into human-robot communication. This article analyses the design process for Haru beta, identifying how both visual and performing arts were an essential part of that process, contributing to ideas of Haru's communication as a science and as an art. Initially, the article examines how a modified form of Design Thinking shaped the work of the interdisciplinary development team-including animators, performers and sketch artists working alongside roboticists-to frame Haru's interaction style in line with sociopsychological and cybernetic-semiotic communication theory. From these perspectives on communication, the focus is on creating a robot that is persuasive and able to transmit precise information clearly. The article moves on to highlight two alternative perspectives on communication, based on phenomenological and sociocultural theories, from which such a robot can be further developed as a more flexible and dynamic communicative agent. The various theoretical perspectives introduced are brought together by considering communication across three elements: encounter, story and dance. Finally, the article explores the potential of Haru as a research platform for human-robot communication across various scenarios designed to investigate how to support long-term interactions between humans and robots in different contexts. In particular, it gives an overview of plans for humanities-based, qualitative research with Haru.
An analysis of the benefits of signal injection for low-speed sensorless\n control of induction motors (2015)

We analyze why low-speed sensorless control of the IM is intrinsically\ndifficult, and what is gained by signal injection. The explanation relies on\nthe control-theoretic concept of observability applied to a general model of\nthe saturated IM. We show that the IM is not observable when the stator speed\nis zero in the absence of signal injection, but that observability is restored\nthanks to signal injection and magnetic saturation. The analysis also reveals\nthat existing sensorless algorithms based on signal injection may perform\npoorly for some IMs under particular operating conditions. The approach is\nillustrated by simulations and experimental data.\n
Efficient Computation of Dendritic Microstructures Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement (1998)

We study dendritic microstructure evolution using an adaptive grid, finite element method applied to a phase-field model. The computational complexity of our algorithm, per unit time, scales linearly with system size, allowing simulations on very large lattices. We present computations on a ${2}^{17}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{2}^{17}$ lattice, but note that this is not an upper limit. Time-dependent calculations in two dimensions are in good agreement with the predictions of solvability theory for high undercoolings, but predict higher values of velocity than solvability theory at low undercooling, where transients dominate, in accord with a heuristic criterion which we derive.
Energy‐Sensitive GaSb/AlAsSb Separate Absorption and Multiplication Avalanche Photodiodes for X‐Ray and Gamma‐Ray Detection (2019)

Abstract Demonstrated are antimony‐based (Sb‐based) separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (SAM‐APDs) for X‐ray and gamma‐ray detection, which are composed of GaSb absorbers and large bandgap AlAsSb multiplication regions in order to enhance the probability of stopping high‐energy photons while drastically suppressing the minority carrier diffusion. Well‐defined X‐ray and gamma‐ray photopeaks are observed under exposure to 241 Am radioactive sources, demonstrating the desirable energy‐sensitive detector performance. Spectroscopic characterizations show a significant improvement of measured energy resolution due to reduced high‐peak electric field in the absorbers and suppressed nonradiative recombination on surfaces. Additionally, the GaSb/AlAsSb SAM‐APDs clearly exhibit energy response linearity up to 59.5 keV with a minimum full‐width half‐maximum of 1.283 keV. A further analysis of the spectroscopic measurement suggests that the device performance is intrinsically limited by the noise from the readout electronics rather than that from the photodiodes. This study provides a first understanding of Sb‐based energy‐sensitive SAM‐APDs and paves the way to achieving efficient detection of high‐energy photons for X‐ray and gamma‐ray spectroscopy.
Environment-assisted metrology with spin qubits (2012)

We investigate the sensitivity of a recently proposed method for precision measurement [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 140502 (2011)], focusing on an implementation based on solid-state spin systems. The scheme amplifies a quantum sensor response to weak external fields by exploiting its coupling to spin impurities in the environment. We analyze the limits to the sensitivity due to decoherence and propose dynamical decoupling schemes to increase the spin coherence time. The sensitivity is also limited by the environment spin polarization; therefore, we discuss strategies to polarize the environment spins and present a method to extend the scheme to the case of zero polarization. The coherence time and polarization determine a figure of merit for the environment's ability to enhance the sensitivity compared to echo-based sensing schemes. This figure of merit can be used to engineer optimized samples for high-sensitivity nanoscale magnetic sensing, such as diamond nanocrystals with controlled impurity density.
Physical and Electrical Properties of Single Zn[sub 2]SnO[sub 4] Nanowires (2010)

10.1149/1.3505875
Critical evaluation of root canal transportation by instrumentation (2013)

Proper chemomechanical disinfection of the entire root canal system is required for a successful treatment outcome. Various techniques of mechanical root canal preparation have been introduced and described. Preservation of the integrity of the root canal anatomy and especially of the location of the apical foramen is important during mechanical root canal preparation. Despite the introduction of flexible nickel–titanium instruments and torque‐limited devices, root canal preparation of severely curved canals is still challenging and canals may be transported and/or other procedural errors may occur during preparation procedures. There are several aspects that influence the performance of root canal instruments with respect to their shaping ability. This article elucidates different parameters having an impact on canal transportation and discusses the impact of canal transportation on treatment outcomes.
Optimally Conditioned Vandermonde-Like Matrices (2019)

Vandermonde matrices arise frequently in computational mathematics in problems that require polynomial approximation, differentiation, or integration. These matrices are defined by a set of $n$ distinct nodes $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n$ and a monomial basis. A difficulty with Vandermonde matrices is that they typically are quite ill-conditioned when the nodes are real and $n$ is not very small. The ill-conditioning often can be reduced significantly by using a basis of orthonormal polynomials $p_0,p_1,\ldots,p_{n-1}$, with ${deg}(p_j)=j$. This was first observed by Gautschi. The matrices so obtained are commonly referred to as Vandermonde-like and are of the form $V_{n,n}=[p_{i-1}(x_j)]_{i,j=1}^n\in{\mathbb R}^{n\times n}$. Gautschi analyzed optimally conditioned and optimally scaled square Vandermonde and Vandermonde-like matrices with real nodes. We extend Gautschi's analysis to rectangular Vandermonde-like matrices with real nodes, as well as to Vandermonde-like matrices with nodes on the unit circle in the complex plane. Additionally, we investigate existence and uniqueness of optimally conditioned Vandermonde-like matrices. Finally, we discuss properties of rectangular Vandermonde and Vandermonde-like matrices $V_{N,n}$ of order $N\times n$, $N\ne n$, with Chebyshev nodes or with equidistant nodes on the unit circle in the complex plane, and show that the condition number of these matrices can be bounded independently of the number of nodes.
Adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA-1) induces maturation and skewing of cytokine and chemokine production in dendritic cells to improve adaptive immune responses. (2022)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical mediators of antigen-specific immunity through their ability to present antigen and drive T cell differentiation into different effector subsets such as follicular helper T cells (TFH). TFH cells provide both physical and cytokine-mediated stimuli to B cells resulting in somatic hypermutation and class-switching of B cell receptors. Molecules that target TFH cells, such as adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA-1), would improve humoral immunity. We have previously demonstrated that co-delivery of plasmid-encoded adenosine deaminase with an HIV-1 envelope and SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccines in vivo, enhanced both humoral and cellular responses. However, the mechanism by which ADA-1 is acting as an adjuvant remains to be elucidated. To this end, we treated monocyte-derived DCs from healthy human donors in vitro with recombinant ADA-1 protein and evaluated the expression of maturation markers, cytokines and chemokines. ADA-1-treated DCs had a significantly increased expression of CD40 and CD86 as well as HLA-DR compared to their unstimulated, immature counterparts. The level of co-stimulatory marker and HLA-DR expression on ADA-1-treated DCs was similar to that on LPS/IFN-γ-treated DCs, indicating ADA-1-mediated DC maturation. ADA-1-treated DCs also exhibited a significant increase in IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL13 expression. IL-6 is a key pro-TFH cytokine and IL-1β and CXCL13 may play a role in TFH cell differentiation, function, and proliferation. Ongoing studies are aimed to drive ADA-1 overexpression in DCs and evaluate effects on antigen presentation. Overall, elucidating the mechanism of ADA-1’s adjuvanticity will allow for its progression as a clinical adjuvant. This work was supported by funding to Dr. Elias Haddad from NIH 5RO1AI106482-01A and 1U19 AI128910-01.
Monitoring the State of Charge of Operating Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (2012)

We describe methods for assessment of the state of charge (SOC) of vanadium redox flow batteries during operation using UV-vis spectrophotometry and full cell OCV measurements. The absorbance of the negative electrolyte solution at 433 nm, 600 nm and 750 nm is linear in SOC for SOC &gt; 0.2. The absorbance of the positive electrolyte does not display a linear relationship with SOC, which we attribute to the formation of a strongly absorbing third species. An analysis of the excess absorbance of the positive electrolyte suggests that a complex with 1:1 stoichiometry is formed by VO2+ and VO2+. Full-cell OCV measurements were found to be an inaccurate gauge of the state of charge of the battery.
Among Vitamin B12 Deficient Older People, High Folate Levels are Associated with Worse Cognitive Function: Combined Data from Three Cohorts (2014)

High folate or folic acid supplements may be detrimental to cognition in older people with low vitamin B12 levels. This topic is of global significance due to the wide distribution of food fortification programs, so prospective studies should be a high priority.
Plasmonic loss-mitigating broadband adiabatic polarizing beam splitter (2021)

The intriguing analogy between quantum physics and optics has inspired the design of unconventional integrated photonics devices. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate a broadband integrated polarization beam splitter (PBS) by implementing the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique in a three-waveguide plasmonic system. Our proposed PBS exhibits >250 nm transverse-magnetic (TM) bandwidth with <-40 dB extinction and >150 nm transverse-electric (TE) bandwidth with <-20 dB extinction, covering the entire S-, C-, and L-bands and part of the E-band. Moreover, near-lossless light transfer is achieved in our system despite the incorporation of a plasmonic hybrid waveguide because of the unique loss mitigating feature of the STIRAP scheme. Through this approach, various broadband integrated devices that were previously impossible can be realized, which will allow innovation in integrated optics.
One Step Away from Technology but One Step Towards Domain Experts—MDRBridge: A Template-Based ISO 11179-Compliant Metadata Processing Pipeline (2019)

A high degree of acceptance was achieved by adapting the working methods of clinical domain experts. The designed process is capable of transforming all relevant data elements according to the ISO 11179-3 format. MDRSheet is used as an intermediate format to present the information at a glance and to allow editing or supplementing by domain experts.
Figure S1 from Cholesterol Depletion by TASIN-1 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death through the ER Stress/ROS/JNK Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Growth curves of HCT116 cells treated with DMSO or 2.5 µM of TASIN-1 continuously in HCEC media with 0.2% serum.&lt;/p&gt;
Controlling the Size and Chemical Composition of Multinary Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Improving Photochemical Functions (2017)

Multinary I-III-VI2 group semiconductor nanocrystals, such as CuInS2, Cu(InGa)Se2, AgInS2 and their solid solutions with ZnS, have been attracting increasing attention due to their low toxicity, wide range of absorption from UV to visible or near-infrared regions, and tunable energy gap. In this review, we introduce recent progress of solution-phase syntheses of high-quality multinary nanocrystals, which are candidates for alternative materials of Cd- and Pb-based binary nanocrystals showing high toxicity. Physicochemical properties of multinary nanocrystals are tunable depending on their crystal size and chemical composition. For example, nanocrystals of solid solution between AgInS2 and ZnS exhibited strong photoluminescence, the color of which was controlled from red to green with an increase in the ZnS fraction. The controllability of their photochemical properties is useful to develop novel photofunctional materials for the applications, such as photocatalyst and biomolecule marker.
A mechanism for interconnecting high-speed hosts and LANs via an ATM network, and analysis of its end-to-end delays (2003)

A mechanism is presented for interconnecting high-speed hosts and high-speed local area networks (LANs) via an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. Also presented are upper bound estimates of the end-to-end delays for varying conditions of network traffic. The mechanism uses a simple bandwidth arbitration scheme among network end-points to avoid focusing while interconnecting high-speed end-devices operating at rates ranging up to 100 Mbps. From the delay analysis, it is found that the mechanism presented is viable, especially when the end devices are expected to exchange large data blocks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Callinicos: robust transactional storage for distributed data structures (2016)

This paper presents Callinicos, a robust storage system with a novel transaction protocol that generalizes minitransactions. This protocol allows Callinicos to cope with Byzantine failures, support cross-partition communication with transactions, and implement on-demand contention management. We have evaluated Callinicos with a set of micro-benchmarks, and two realistic applications: a Twitter-like social network and a distributed message queue. Our experiments show that: (i) cross-partition communication improves performance by reducing the number of aborts, and (ii) the conflict resolution protocol results in no aborts in the presence of contention and no overhead in the absence of contention.
Data from Preclinical Characterization of SGN-70, a Humanized Antibody Directed against CD70 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; CD70 (CD27L) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family aberrantly expressed on a number of hematologic malignancies and some carcinomas. CD70 expression on malignant cells coupled with its highly restricted expression on normal cells makes CD70 an attractive target for monoclonal antibody (mAb)–based therapies. We developed a humanized anti-CD70 antibody, SGN-70, and herein describe the antitumor activities of this mAb.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; CD70 expression on primary tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and renal cell carcinoma tissue microarrays. The CD70-binding and cytotoxic activities of SGN-70 were tested &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; using a number of cell-based assays. The &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; antitumor properties of SGN-70 were tested in severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing disseminated lymphoma and multiple myeloma xenografts. Mechanism-of-action studies were conducted using SGN-70v, a variant mAb with equivalent target-binding activity but impaired Fcγ receptor binding compared with SGN-70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Immunohistochemical analysis identified CD70 expression on ∼40% of multiple myeloma isolates and confirmed CD70 expression on a high percentage of Hodgkin lymphoma Reed-Sternberg cells, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and renal cell carcinoma tumors. SGN-70 lysed CD70&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumor cells via Fc-dependent functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis and complement fixation. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, SGN-70 treatment significantly decreased tumor burden and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; SGN-70 is a novel humanized IgG1 mAb undergoing clinical development for the treatment of CD70&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cancers. SGN-70 possesses Fc-dependent antibody effector functions and mediates antitumor activity &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Data from Arginase Therapy Combines Effectively with Immune Checkpoint Blockade or Agonist Anti-OX40 Immunotherapy to Control Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metabolic dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer. Many tumors exhibit auxotrophy for various amino acids, such as arginine, because they are unable to meet the demand for these amino acids through endogenous production. This vulnerability can be exploited by employing therapeutic strategies that deplete systemic arginine in order to limit the growth and survival of arginine auxotrophic tumors. Pegzilarginase, a human arginase-1 enzyme engineered to have superior stability and enzymatic activity relative to the native human arginase-1 enzyme, depletes systemic arginine by converting it to ornithine and urea. Therapeutic administration of pegzilarginase in the setting of arginine auxotrophic tumors exerts direct antitumor activity by starving the tumor of exogenous arginine. We hypothesized that in addition to this direct effect, pegzilarginase treatment indirectly augments antitumor immunity through increased antigen presentation, thus making pegzilarginase a prime candidate for combination therapy with immuno-oncology (I-O) agents. Tumor-bearing mice (CT26, MC38, and MCA-205) receiving pegzilarginase in combination with anti–PD-L1 or agonist anti-OX40 experienced significantly increased survival relative to animals receiving I-O monotherapy. Combination pegzilarginase/immunotherapy induced robust antitumor immunity characterized by increased intratumoral effector CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells and M1 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Our data suggest potential mechanisms of synergy between pegzilarginase and I-O agents that include increased intratumoral MHC expression on both antigen-presenting cells and tumor cells, and increased presence of M1-like antitumor macrophages. These data support the clinical evaluation of I-O agents in conjunction with pegzilarginase for the treatment of patients with cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Widely tunable RF transceiver front end for software-defined radio (2009)

In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a custom-built wideband RF front-end for enabling dynamic spectrum access communications in software-defined radio platforms. The frontend is designed for wireless operation within the 50 MHz - 2.5 GHz frequency range, and is entirely software-controlled by the platform. Evaluation of the proposed design was conducted using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) software defined radio platform and controlled via GNU Radio software. A prototype of the design was successfully demonstrated over a wide range of frequencies. Finally, several remaining design challenges are identified that would further enhance transmission performance.
Highly Multiplexed Nanophotonic Probes With Independently Controllable Emitters for Optogenetic Brain Stimulation (2016)

We present visible-wavelength photonic probes that implement WDM method for delivery of complex illumination patterns with cellular-scale spatial resolution deep within brain tissue. Neuron activation is verified by extracellular electrical recordings, and by two-photon functional imaging.
Morphology of High Impact Polypropylene Particles (2005)

An extensive characterization (SEM, AFM, mercury porosimetry, sorption, and 13C NMR) of the particle morphology prior (isotactic PP particles) and after the gas phase reaction (hiPP particles) was performed in an attempt to gain some knowledge of the gas phase reaction of the hiPP process. It was found that the majority of the elastomer was finely dispersed in the i-PP matrix, but breaking the i-PP matrix and flowing into its pores. It was also found that the interior of the particles was readily accessible to the monomers because of the existence of a network of pores. The catalyst fragmented into small pieces with about ≈210 atoms of Ti per fragment. The copolymer is richer in ethylene than in propylene although the monomer concentration around the active center is [C3]/[C2] = 2.75. This behavior could not be justified on the basis of a faster diffusivity of the ethylene with respect to the propylene and hence must be due to higher activity of the catalyst for ethylene.
Electric field effect in graphite crystallites (2012)

Graphite is a highly anisotropic crystal with a quasi-two-dimensional electronic structure exhibiting high intrinsic charge carrier mobility. Here, we investigate the effect of an electric field on the resistance of individual graphite crystallites with a thickness on the order of 40 nm. Ambipolar field-effect behavior was achieved with the aid of a polymer electrolyte gate. By optimizing the device geometry, devices with an on/off current ratio of up to 4 and carrier mobilities of around 100 cm2/Vs could be attained directly on the crystallites.