gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DyStaB: Unsupervised Object Segmentation via Dynamic-Static Bootstrapping (2021)

We describe an unsupervised method to detect and segment portions of images of live scenes that, at some point in time, are seen moving as a coherent whole, which we refer to as objects. Our method first partitions the motion field by minimizing the mutual information between segments. Then, it uses the segments to learn object models that can be used for detection in a static image. Static and dynamic models are represented by deep neural networks trained jointly in a bootstrapping strategy, which enables extrapolation to previously unseen objects. While the training process requires motion, the resulting object segmentation network can be used on either static images or videos at inference time. As the volume of seen videos grows, more and more objects are seen moving, priming their detection, which then serves as a regularizer for new objects, turning our method into unsupervised continual learning to segment objects. Our models are compared to the state of the art in both video object segmentation and salient object detection. In the six benchmark datasets tested, our models compare favorably even to those using pixel-level supervision, despite requiring no manual annotation.
A complementary BiCMOS technology with high speed npn and pnp SiGe:C HBTs (2004)

We demonstrate SiGe:C pnp HBTs in a complementary bipolar CMOS flow with f/sub T//f/sub max/ values of 80 GHz/120 GHz at BV/sub CEO/ = 2.6 V and a ring oscillator delay of 8.9 ps. The simultaneously fabricated npn HBTs sustain no significant performance loss compared to the npn-only BiCMOS, confirmed by f/sub T//f/sub max/ values of 180 GHz/185 GHz and a ring oscillator delay of 4.6 ps. A pnp-only BiCMOS flow produces peak f/sub T//f/sub max/ values for pnp devices of 115 GHz/115 GHz. The high speed performance of the pnp transistors surpasses the best reported values of this transistor type substantially.
High-resolution structure of a type IV pilin from the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis (2015)

In this study we have described the first structure of a pilin from Shewanella oneidensis. The structure possesses features of the common type IV pilin core, but also exhibits significant variations in the α-helical part and the D-region.
622-P: Frequent Engagement with Retrospective Real-Time CGM Data Is Associated with Improved Glycemic Control (2021)

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems allow users to take immediate action based on current glucose and its trajectory; retrospective review of CGM data permits behavior modification according to historic trends. Dexcom CGM Systems allow for data to be uploaded automatically into Dexcom CLARITY for retrospective review. CLARITY mobile app users can also engage with their recent data by setting goals for time in range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL) and opting to receive push notifications when TIR goals are met. We evaluated the associations between CLARITY engagement and glycemic metrics. Anonymized data uploaded in September 2020 by a convenience sample of 25,000 US-based users of the G6 CGM System (Dexcom, Inc., San Diego, CA) were assessed. Users were stratified by those who engaged with CLARITY never, at least once, or every day in September 2020. Utilization was calculated as the number of sensor glucose values over the number of total possible sensor glucose values for days with ≥1 glucose value. CGM-derived glycemic metrics are shown in the Table. Increased CLARITY engagement was associated with lower mean glucose and higher TIR, mainly attributable to less hyperglycemia. Hypoglycemia exposure was consistently low and did not depend on the extent of CLARITY engagement. Frequent retrospective CGM data review may motivate behaviors that result in improved glycemic control.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureJ. H. Van der linden: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. S. Puhr: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. J. Welsh: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. T. C. Walker: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc.
PIRSF: family classification system at the Protein Information Resource (2003)

The Protein Information Resource (PIR) is an integrated public resource of protein informatics. To facilitate the sensible propagation and standardization of protein annotation and the systematic detection of annotation errors, PIR has extended its superfamily concept and developed the SuperFamily (PIRSF) classification system. Based on the evolutionary relationships of whole proteins, this classification system allows annotation of both specific biological and generic biochemical functions. The system adopts a network structure for protein classification from superfamily to subfamily levels. Protein family members are homologous (sharing common ancestry) and homeomorphic (sharing full-length sequence similarity with common domain architecture). The PIRSF database consists of two data sets, preliminary clusters and curated families. The curated families include family name, protein membership, parent-child relationship, domain architecture, and optional description and bibliography. PIRSF is accessible from the website at http://pir.georgetown.edu/pirsf/ for report retrieval and sequence classification. The report presents family annotation, membership statistics, cross-references to other databases, graphical display of domain architecture, and links to multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees for curated families. PIRSF can be utilized to analyze phylogenetic profiles, to reveal functional convergence and divergence, and to identify interesting relationships between homeomorphic families, domains and structural classes.
Magnetic susceptibility derived from <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> and <i>T</i>‐weighted magnetic resonance magnitude images (2012)

Abstract A method of measuring absolute magnetic susceptibility using T 2 and T ‐weighted magnetic resonance images is described. We used magnitude images derived from spin echo and gradient echo acquisitions, without the use of phase information. The findings are validated analytically and also using experimental phantoms. We show that a combination of magnetic resonance images can provide information needed to deduce the absolute susceptibility of the sample. Careful consideration of sample relaxation times and image acquisition parameters is required to ensure that calculations are accurate. We conducted an investigation of optimal imaging parameters and validated our results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 41B: 28–36, 2012
Why There is Never Peace in International Trade: The Case of Canada-U.S. Economic Relations (2000)

The trading relationship between independent countries is always characterized by conflicting interests. National governments are ready to liberalize trade in those sectors where the removal of trade barriers leads to a growth in output, an increase in employment and more income, while they often wish to maintain trade protection in areas which would be subjected to negative growth, restructuring and unemployment. Thus, the basic principle underlying the theory of comparative advantage is ignored: Each country should specialize in the production of those goods for which it has relatively lower opportunity cost. Obviously, specialization implies necessarily the reallocation of resources and sectoral restructuring.
A Deletion at the Mouse<i>Xist</i>Gene Exposes<i>Trans</i>-effects That Alter the Heterochromatin of the Inactive X Chromosome and the Replication Time and DNA Stability of Both X Chromosomes (2006)

The inactive X chromosome of female mammals displays several properties of heterochromatin including late replication, histone H4 hypoacetylation, histone H3 hypomethylation at lysine-4, and methylated CpG islands. We show that cre-Lox-mediated excision of 21 kb from both Xist alleles in female mouse fibroblasts led to the appearance of two histone modifications throughout the inactive X chromosome usually associated with euchromatin: histone H4 acetylation and histone H3 lysine-4 methylation. Despite these euchromatic properties, the inactive X chromosome was replicated even later in S phase than in wild-type female cells. Homozygosity for the deletion also caused regions of the active X chromosome that are associated with very high concentrations of LINE-1 elements to be replicated very late in S phase. Extreme late replication is a property of fragile sites and the 21-kb deletions destabilized the DNA of both X chromosomes, leading to deletions and translocations. This was accompanied by the phosphorylation of p53 at serine-15, an event that occurs in response to DNA damage, and the accumulation of gamma-H2AX, a histone involved in DNA repair, on the X chromosome. The Xist locus therefore maintains the DNA stability of both X chromosomes.
Smoking reduces surfactant protein D and phospholipids in patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2010)

These data suggest that smokers, and especially current smokers, exhibit significantly reduced BAL SP-D and phospholipids compared to nonsmokers. Our findings may help better explain the mechanism that leads to the rapid progression of disease and increased incidence of infection in smokers.
Optical response of multilayer thermochromic &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;math display="inline" overflow="scroll"&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;VO&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt;-based structures (2012)

We considered the emissivity properties of VO2 thin films as a function of temperature through several simulations, considering different substrates and multilayer structures. Formulating the concept of emissivity tunability is introduced and we found that a large difference in emissivity, below and above the transition temperature, can be obtained which may be used for the design of medium-wave infrared (3 to 5 μm) filters. Specifically, we optimized a multilayer structure, to function as a low-emissivity filter, at high temperature for the reduction of infrared signature. The values of emissivity changes, found for a VO2/metal multilayer, are larger than the value of a single layer of VO2.
Cloning, expression, purification of rat tumor necrosis factor and demonstration of its antitumor activity in Bomirski amelanotic melanoma. (1998)

In order to analyze the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the growth of Bomirski melanomas of hamster, we cloned, expressed and purified to homogeneity the rat tumor necrosis factor. The detailed procedure of chromatographic purification of the cytokine is reported. Polyclonal antibodies generated against the recombinant rat preparation were able to neutralize the rat and hamster TNF. We have found that the preparation of rat TNF is active in vivo and inhibits the growth of a Bomirski (Ab) amelanotic melanoma. Thus, a novel model system has been developed, which should facilitate analysis of antitumor and immunomodulatory function of TNF in cancer hosts.
Modified Alginate Beads for Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System: An Updated Review of Patents (2012)

Pharmaceutical research and inventions are increasingly developed for the design of an ideal dosage regimen in drug therapy of many diseases, which attains therapeutic concentration of drug in plasma and maintains it constant for the entire duration of treatment and also minimizes the side effects. Recent trends in pharmaceutical technology indicated that mucoadhesive micro particle and modified alginate beads as drug delivery system especially suitable for achieving delivery of drug in a predetermined rate locally or systemically for a prolonged period of time. The release of drug from microparticle depends on a variety of factors including carrier used to form the micro particle and amount of drug contained in them. The main aim of the present review is to explain the various theories, mechanisms, advanced mucoadhesive polymers, various delivery approaches, methodologies for developing a mucoadhesive micro-particle and modified alginate beads formulation, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization. Apart from this, an innovative test method that is biacore is highlighted in this review to measure the mucoadhesive strength. This review is also briefly explained about the updated patenting system for the development of micro-particle and modified alginate beads as drug delivery system.
A Concise Synthesis of 7‐Chloro‐2‐methylsulfanyl‐thiazolo[4,5‐b]pyridine‐6‐carbonitrile, a Versatile Intermediate for Substituted 6‐Cyanothiazolopyridines. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A moonlighting function of a chitin polysaccharide monooxygenase, CWR-1, in allorecognition in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (2022)

Abstract Organisms require the ability to differentiate themselves from organisms of different or even the same species. Allorecognition processes in filamentous fungi are essential to ensure identity of an interconnected syncytial colony to protect it from exploitation and disease. Neurospora crassa has three cell fusion checkpoints controlling formation of an interconnected mycelial network. The locus that controls the second checkpoint, which allows for cell wall dissolution and subsequent fusion between cells/hyphae, cwr, encodes two linked genes, cwr-1 and cwr-2 . Previously, it was shown that cwr-1 and cwr-2 show severe linkage disequilibrium with six different haplogroups present in N. crassa populations. Isolates from an identical cwr haplogroup show robust fusion, while somatic cell fusion between isolates of different haplogroups is significantly blocked in cell wall dissolution. The cwr-1 gene encodes a putative polysaccharide monooxygenase (PMO). Herein we confirm that CWR-1 is a C1-oxidizing chitin PMO. We show that the PMO domain of CWR-1 was sufficient for checkpoint function and cell fusion blockage; however, through analysis of active-site, histidine-brace mutants, the catalytic activity of CWR-1 was ruled out as a major factor for allorecognition. Swapping a portion of the PMO domain (V86 to T130) did not switch cwr haplogroup specificity, but rather cells containing this chimera exhibited a novel haplogroup specificity. Allorecognition to mediate cell fusion blockage is likely occurring through a protein-protein interaction between CWR-1 with CWR-2. These data highlight a moonlighting role in allorecognition of the CWR1 PMO domain.
Embryonic stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus: a work in progress (2006)

Purpose of review Type 1 diabetes is a stereotypical disease amenable to stem cell-based therapy. It is characterized by the loss of a specific cell type and low anatomic complexity of the function in need of restoration. Although embryonic stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any cell type, inefficient differentiation into β cells has been common. Recent findings An essential challenge is to devise routine methods for generating enriched populations of defined pancreatic precursor or β cells. Enriched populations of human embryonic stem cell-derived insulin-expressing cells have yet to demonstrate physiologically relevant function. Advances in our understanding of developmental mechanisms are fueling progress towards developing protocols for differentiation of embryonic stem cells into desired lineages for transplantation. Other challenges being intensively studied are the prevention of possible transmission of zoonotic infections and the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer to derive human embryonic stem cells which may be useful for therapeutic applications. Summary Many challenges remain in embryonic stem cell research. Initial preclinical and phase I trials should focus on safety with respect to both teratoma formation and genetic stability of cells after transplantation. With in-depth knowledge of the signals and genes involved in endoderm and islet development, it should be possible to recapitulate the process for the production of a virtually unlimited source of transplantable insulin-producing cells.
Correction to “Vibrational Motions Make Significant Contributions to Sequential Methyl C–H Activations in an Organometallic Complex” (2023)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ARTICLES ASAPPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Vibrational Motions Make Significant Contributions to Sequential Methyl C–H Activations in an Organometallic Complex"Jeff Armstrong*Jeff ArmstrongMore by Jeff Armstronghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8326-3097, Samya BanerjeeSamya BanerjeeMore by Samya Banerjeehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-4447, Volker SchünemannVolker SchünemannMore by Volker Schünemann, Juliusz A. WolnyJuliusz A. WolnyMore by Juliusz A. Wolny, and Peter J. SadlerPeter J. SadlerMore by Peter J. Sadlerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-1941Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2023, 14, XXX, 3912Publication Date (Web):April 19, 2023Publication History Received28 March 2023Published online19 April 2023https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00826© 2023 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceCC: Creative CommonsBY: Credit must be given to the creatorArticle Views-Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (581 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Radiofrequency Ablation for Viable Hepatocellular Carcinoma around Retained Iodized Oil after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization: Usefulness of Biplane Fluoroscopy Plus Ultrasound Guidance (2012)

When retained iodized oil around the tumor after TACE hampers the targeting of the viable tumor for RFA, biplane fluoroscopy plus US-guided RFA may be performed owing to its technical feasibility and effective treatment for viable HCCs.
The Human Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R10 Is Tailored to Accommodate Numerous Diverse Ligands (2013)

Bitter taste is a basic taste modality, required to safeguard animals against consuming toxic substances. Bitter compounds are recognized by G-protein-coupled bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs). The human TAS2R10 responds to the toxic strychnine and numerous other compounds. The mechanism underlying the development of the broad tuning of some TAS2Rs is not understood. Using comparative modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and functional assays, we identified residues involved in agonist-induced activation of TAS2R10, and investigated the effects of different substitutions on the receptor's response profile. Most interestingly, mutations in S85(3.29) and Q175(5.40) have differential impact on stimulation with different agonists. The fact that single point mutations lead to improved responses for some agonists and to decreased activation by others indicates that the binding site has evolved to optimally accommodate multiple agonists at the expense of reduced potency. TAS2R10 shares the agonist strychnine with TAS2R46, another broadly tuned receptor. Engineering the key determinants for TAS2R46 activation by strychnine in TAS2R10 caused a loss of response to strychnine, indicating that these paralog receptors display different strychnine-binding modes, which suggests independent acquisition of agonist specificities. This implies that the gene duplication event preceding primate speciation was accompanied by independent evolution of the strychnine-binding sites.
Solid lipid nanoparticles of cholesteryl butyrate inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models (2013)

Cholbut SLN were effective in inhibiting tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. These effects may involve, in part, inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, which adds another mechanism to the activity of this multipotent drug.
Towards resistant VUV coatings for free electron laser down to 150 nm (2004)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Gatto, N. Kaiser, S. Günster, D. Ristau, M. ' Trovo, and M. Danailov, "Towards resistant VUV coatings for Free Electron Laser down to 150 nm," in Optical Interference Coatings, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2004), paper WF9. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Doping of silicon by phosphorus end-terminated polymers: drive-in and activation of dopants (2020)

An effective doping technology for precise control of P atom injection and activation into a semiconductor substrate is presented.
Photoswitching of a Thermally Unswitchable Molecular Magnet Cu(hfac)<sub>2</sub>L<sup>i-Pr</sup> Evidenced by Steady-State and Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (2014)

Most photoswitchable molecular magnets exhibit thermally induced switching, as is typical of spin crossover (SCO), valence tautomerism and SCO-like phenomena. We report a rare case of a copper-nitroxide based molecular magnet Cu(hfac)2L(i-Pr) that does not exhibit quantitative SCO-like behavior in the temperature range of its chemical stability (2-350 K); however, it can be switched to a metastable thermally inaccessible spin state via visible/near-IR light at cryogenic temperatures. By means of photogeneration, unique information on this otherwise unobservable spin state has been obtained using steady-state Q-band (34 GHz) and time-resolved W-band (94 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In particular, we have found that the electronic structure and relaxation properties of the photoinduced state in Cu(hfac)2L(i-Pr) are very similar to those in its sister compound Cu(hfac)2L(n-Pr) that is thermally switchable and has been exhaustively characterized by many analytical methods, previously. The first observation of photoswitchable behavior in a thermally unswitchable copper-nitroxide based molecular magnet Cu(hfac)2L(i-Pr) paves the way for photoswitching applications of this and similar compounds in the remarkably broad temperature range of 2-350 K.