gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient dictionary-based text rewriting using subsequential transducers (2006)

Abstract Problems in the area of text and document processing can often be described as text rewriting tasks : given an input text, produce a new text by applying some fixed set of rewriting rules. In its simplest form, a rewriting rule is given by a pair of strings, representing a source string (the “original”) and its substitute. By a rewriting dictionary, we mean a finite list of such pairs; dictionary-based text rewriting means to replace in an input text occurrences of originals by their substitutes. We present an efficient method for constructing, given a rewriting dictionary D , a subsequential transducer that accepts any text t as input and outputs the intended rewriting result under the so-called “leftmost-longest match” replacement with skips, t '. The time needed to compute the transducer is linear in the size of the input dictionary. Given the transducer, any text t of length | t | is rewritten in a deterministic manner in time O (| t |+| t '|), where t ' denotes the resulting output text. Hence the resulting rewriting mechanism is very efficient. As a second advantage, using standard tools, the transducer can be directly composed with other transducers to efficiently solve more complex rewriting tasks in a single processing step.
Deciphering Metal–Oxide and Metal–Metal Interplay via Surface Organometallic Chemistry: A Case Study with CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Methanol (2021)

Processes that rely on heterogeneous catalysts underpin the production of bulk chemicals and fuels. In spite of this, understanding of the interplay between the structure and reactivity of these complex materials remains elusive-rendering rational improvement of existing systems challenging. Herein, we describe efforts to understand complex materials capable of selective thermochemical conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to methanol using a surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) approach. In particular, we focus on the remarkable, but often subtle, roles of metal-metal synergy and metal-support interfaces in determining the reactivity of many different systems for the conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to methanol. Specifically, we explore synthetic and analytical strategies for the systematic study of synergistic behaviors of multi-component catalytic systems in the context of CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation, and we discuss how the insights obtained can inform the design of materials. We also address limitations of the approach employed and opportunities to expand upon the observations emerging from this work, before attempting to establish transposable and generalizable trends for Cu-based catalysts and beyond.
Anti-obesity Effect of Phosphatidylinositol on Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice (2010)

The aim of this study is to investigate the biodistribution of phosphatidylinositol (PI) after oral administration and its anti-obesity effect. When a suspension of radiolabeled PI was orally administered to mice and the biodistribution was examined, PI radioactivity accumulated in the liver compared to myo-inositol radioactivity at 48 h or later after administration. Then, a PI suspension was orally administered to diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice every 4 days, and the anti-obesity effect of PI was examined. As a result, PI suppressed the body weight increase of DIO mice and significantly reduced the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and cholesterol. Furthermore, PI regulated the expression of some genes in the liver involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism. The present study demonstrated that PI accumulated in the liver after oral administration and exerted its anti-obesity effect on DIO by regulating the expression of certain genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver.
An automated method for left ventricular localization and identification of end-systolic and end-diastolic images from cine cardiac MRI (2009)

A critical component in computing quantitative diagnostic metrics, such as ejection fraction, as well as image segmentation and registration is the accurate identification of the end-systolic (ES) and end-diastolic (ED) frames in cine MRI. Localization of the LV is also important, to assist further analysis (ie., myocardial segmentation). Currently, these tasks are performed in a manual, semi- or fully-automated fashion. Fully-automated methods are desirable since they can eliminate manual labor and inter- and intra-observer variability. Most methods rely on measuring the area of the blood pool in the LV chamber, but they are computationally intensive, susceptible to noise, and require prior localization and segmentation of the LV. An image-driven statistical method is presented that utilizes cross-correlation to detect ES and ED from cine MRI acquired from canines under control conditions.
Abstract LB-258: Small-molecule inhibitors of de-ubiquitinating enzymes for cervical cancer treatment (2011)

Abstract Title. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of de-Ubiquitinating Enzymes for Cervical Cancer Treatment Abstract: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer and responsible for 5% of all cancers worldwide. While HPV vaccines can be an effective preventive measure against cervical cancer, there are currently no virus-specific therapies for it, and the efficacy of standard surgical and chemo/radiotherapies is limited for advanced disease. The E6 oncoprotein of HPV exerts its oncogenic activity by binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase E6-AP and redirects its activity towards p53 and other tumor suppressor proteins for rapid ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Therefore, stabilization of p53 via preventing its ubiquitin-mediated degradation represents a valid therapeutic approach for cervical cancer treatment. De-ubiquitinating enzymes are an attractive novel “druggable” target for cervical cancer as they are responsible for controlling the steady state levels of proteins (i.e. p53 and E6-AP) crucial for maintaining the transformed status of cervical cancer cells, upstream proteasome. Thus, their inhibition is potentially associated with less toxic effects as compared to inhibition of proteasomes. During a structure-based screening of chalcone-based small-molecule inhibitors of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation we have recently identified a novel class of molecules capable of inhibiting the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation upstream proteasomes. The lead compound of the series, contains the α-β unsaturated carbonyl system, as the molecular determinant for inhibiting de-ubiquitinating enzyme activities and: i) is capable of inducing acute perturbation of the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathways accompanied by accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated species and reduction of mono-, di-, and tri-ubiquitin species, ii) has no effect on the catalytic activities of purified proteasomes or proteasome in living cells, iii) is capable of induce aggresome formation, iv) is capable of rescuing p53 levels/functions in cervical cancer cells which are accompanied by decrease in the levels of Cyclin D1 and failure for the cells to enter the S-phase of the cell cycle, v) is capable of preventing tumor-colony formation and induces onset of apoptosis via caspase-3 activation in cervical cancer cells without affecting the viability of normal cells. Therefore, we believe in the feasibility of using our lead compound in preclinical model of cervical cancer to test its efficacy as antineoplastic agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-258. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-258
Increased incidence of sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease on the island of Crete associated with a high rate of <i>PRNP</i> 129‐methionine homozygosity in the local population (2001)

Since the spring of 1997, when the Neurology Department of the University Hospital of Crete admitted its first patient, nine cases (eight neuropathologically confirmed and one probable) of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) have been recorded. This represents an annual incidence five-fold higher than expected based on the island's population (0.54 million). Molecular analysis of the prion-protein gene (PRNP) showed no mutations in any of the seven CJD cases studied. Five patients (ages 64-88 years) were homozygous for methionine-129 of PRNP and showed the classic sCJD triad (subacute dementia, myoclonus, periodic electroencephalogram). Brains contained type 1 (unglycosylated 21.5 kDa band) protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres). Two patients (ages 56 and 57 years), both homozygous for valine-129, showed cerebellar ataxia and later dementia not associated with periodic electroencephalogram; brain PrPres was type 2. Genotyping of 205 Cretan controls showed that methionine-129 homozygosity, a susceptibility factor for sCJD, was significantly higher in this population than in other Caucasian populations (57.0% n = 205 vs. 41.5% n = 859, p < 0.0001). These data are the first to relate a high regional incidence rate for sCJD to the distribution of PRNP 129 genotypes in the local population; however, additional factors may be operational.
Electrophysiological evaluation of spinal reflexes during epidural anesthesia in an experimental model (1996)

We assessed the effects of epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine in the rat by serial recordings of spinal reflexes. The H wave from plantar muscles after electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve evaluates a large nerve fiber spinal reflex arch. The extensor reflex response recorded from quadriceps muscle after stimulation of the contralateral tibial nerve assesses a reflex arch with small fiber afferents. After epidural injection of 0.2 mL of bupivacaine (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% solutions) at the L5-L6 vertebral space, nociceptive, H, and extensor reflex responses were abolished within 1–3 min. Duration of complete blockade lasted 20–80 min, increasing with the anesthetic concentration, and complete recovery occurred after an additional period of 30–40 min. The responses recovered to amplitudes similar to preanesthesia controls, indicating that there was no damage to the nervous system. This study shows that electrophysiological recording and quantitation of nerve reflex responses is a useful and accurate method to evaluate the efficacy of local anesthetic agents. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exponential Stability of Singularly Perturbed Systems (1991)

In this paper we present some results and properties related to the exponential stability of singularly perturbed systems. Our main result is that, if both the reduced order system and the boundary-layer system are exponentially stable, then the full order system is exponentially stable and its rate of convergence approaches that of the reduced order system as the perturbation parameter approaches zero. Exponentially decaying norm bounds are given for the "slow" and "fast" components of the full order system trajectories.
Constitutively activating mutations of the thyrotropin receptor and thyroid disease. (1996)

Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of the TSH receptor had a considerable impact on several aspects of thyroidology. Identification and functional characterization of somatic mutations in the TSH receptor gene that activate the receptor ligand-independently. Provide an explanation for the molecular pathomechanisms of solitary toxic thyroid adenomas. Moreover, we have recently demonstrated, that multiple hyperfunctioning adenomas in the same thyroid gland can be caused by identical or different somatic Thyrotropin receptor mutations. Furthermore, germline mutations with similar characteristics have been reported in the TSH receptor gene of families with autosomal dominant forms of non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism and in two cases of sporadic congenital non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Interestingly, constitutively activating Thyrotropin receptor alterations have also been identified in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, thus implying a possible role of the constitutively active TSH receptor in the aetiopathology of both benign and malignant thyroid neoplasia.
Figure S1 from Mechanistic Insights of an Immunological Adverse Event Induced by an Anti-KIT Antibody Drug Conjugate and Mitigation Strategies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representative FACs staining of in vitro generated mast cells confirming maturation&lt;/p&gt;
Outage Probability of the EH-Based Full-Duplex AF and DF Relaying Systems in $\alpha-\mu$ Environment (2018)

Wireless power transfer and energy harvesting have attracted a significant research attention in terms of their application in cooperative relaying systems. Most of existing works in this field focus on the half-duplex (HD) relaying mechanism over certain fading channels, however, in contrast, this paper considers a dual-hop full-duplex (FD) relaying system over a generalized independent but not identically distributed α-μ fading channel, where the relay node is energy-constrained and entirely depends on the energy signal from the source node. Three special cases of the α-μ model are investigated, namely, Rayleigh, Nakagami- m and Weibull fading. As the system performance, we investigate the outage probability (OP) for which we derive exact unified closed-form expressions. The provided Monte Carlo simulations validate the accuracy of our analysis. Moreover, the results obtained for the FD scenario are compared to the ones related to the HD. The results demonstrate that the decode-and-forward relaying outperforms the amplify-and-forward relaying for both HD and FD scenarios. It is also shown that the FD scenario performs better than the HD relaying systems. Finally, we analyzed the impact of the fading parameters α and μ on the achievable OP.
UV/Vis/near-IR spectroscopic characteristics of H4–xCsxPVMo11O40 (x = 0, 2) catalyst under different temperatures and gas atmospheres (2002)

In order to understand the transformations of the Keggin-type H4−xCsxPV–Mo11O40 (x = 0, 2) compounds with rising temperature over a long time in a stream of different gas atmospheres, in situ UV/Vis/near-IR spectroscopic studies were carried out. Diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded using an improved spectrometer and a suitable microreactor. Visible and near-IR peak intensities, peak positions and the band gap energies were determined from apparent absorption spectra. Propene, isopropanol, water and the oxidation products were analyzed by GC. The experimentally observed blue shift of the visible absorption band in the region of crystal water loss and the increase in the near-IR absorption were explained on the basis of quantum-mechanical calculations of the shapes and positions of the charge transfer and d–d bands arising from Mo5+–Mo6+ and V4+–Mo6+ pairs in intact and ill-defined fragments of the Keggin structure. It was concluded that with removal of crystal water during the action of He, He/H2O, propene, O2/propene and increasing temperature, reduced species with protons located at the bridging oxygens promote a blue shift of the visible band, while a large number of ill-defined species form the near-IR part of the spectra in the temperature range 326–600 K.
Implementation of Next Generation Sequencing-Based Liquid Biopsy for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients (2021)

Genetic screening of somatic mutations in circulating free DNA (cfDNA) opens up new opportunities for personalized medicine. In this study, we aim to illustrate the implementation of NGS-based liquid biopsy in clinical practice for the detection of somatic alterations in selected genes. Our work is particularly relevant for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. Beginning in 2020, we implemented the use of Roche's Avenio ctDNA expanded panel in our diagnostic routine. In this study, we retrospectively review NGS-based clinical genetic tests performed in our laboratory, focusing on key analytical parameters. Avenio ctDNA kits demonstrated 100% sensitivity in detecting single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at >0.5% variant allele frequency (VAF), and high consistency in reproducibility. Since 2020, we performed cfDNA genotyping test in 86 NSCLC patients, and we successfully sequenced 96.5% (83/86) of samples. We observed consistency in sequencing performance based upon sequencing depth and on-target rate. At least one gene variant was identified in 52 samples (63%), and one or more actionable variants were detected in 21 out of 83 (25%) of analysed patients. We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing an NGS-based liquid biopsy assay for routine genetic characterization of metastatic NSCLC patients.
CNR characteristics of optical transmission systems employing super wide-band FM technique (2000)

We analyze and establish a CNR theory in the new optical transmission systems employing the super wide-band FM technique, which realizes multichannel video distribution over optical access networks. We also report the transmission characteristics of the developed analog/digital hybrid transmission equipment. CNR characteristics are severely affected by several key factors: a remaining AM component generated in an optical heterodyne circuit, harmonic distortions of the wide-band FM signal, a remaining FM spectrum output from the FM demodulator, and the bandwidth limitation to the FM signal. Our novel CNR theory, which takes these factors into account, can effectively explain the experimental CNR characteristics. The AM 40ch/64QAM 30-carrier hybrid optical transmission equipment, with a design based on our CNR theory, has been successfully demonstrated with CNRs of more than 43 dB in all AM channels and CNRs of more than 33 dB in all 64QAM channels. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 83(7): 50–60, 2000
Addition of Amines to a Carbonyl Ligand: Syntheses, Characterization, and Reactivities of Iridium(III) Porphyrin Carbamoyl Complexes (2014)

Treatment of (carbonyl)chloro(meso-tetra-p-tolylporphyrinato)iridium(III), (TTP)Ir(CO)Cl (1), with excess primary amines at 23 °C in the presence of Na2CO3 produces the trans-amine-coordinated iridium carbamoyl complexes (TTP)Ir(NH2R)[C(O)NHR] (R = Bn (2a), n-Bu (2b), i-Pr (2c), t-Bu (2d)) with isolated yields up to 94%. The trans-amine ligand is labile and can be replaced with quinuclidine (1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, ABCO), 1-methylimidazole (1-MeIm), triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3), and dimethylphenylphosphine (PMe2Ph) at 23 °C to afford the hexacoordinated carbamoyl complexes (TTP)Ir(L)[C(O)NHR] (for R = Bn: L = ABCO (3a), 1-MeIm (4a), P(OEt)3 (5a), PMe2Ph (6a)). On the basis of ligand displacement reactions and equilibrium studies, ligand binding strengths to the iridium metal center were found to decrease in the order PMe2Ph > P(OEt)3 > 1-MeIm > ABCO > BnNH2 ≫ Et3N, PCy3. The carbamoyl complexes (TTP)Ir(L)[C(O)NHR] (L = RNH2 (2a,b), 1-MeIm (4a)) undergo protonolysis with HBF4 to give the cationic carbonyl complexes [(TTP)Ir(NH2R)(CO)]BF4 (7a,b) and [(TTP)Ir(1-MeIm)(CO)]BF4 (8), respectively. In contrast, the carbamoyl complexes (TTP)Ir(L)[C(O)NHR] (L = P(OEt)3 (5a), PMe2Ph (6a,c)) reacted with HBF4 to afford the complexes [(TTP)Ir(PMe2Ph)]BF4 (9) and [(TTP)IrP(OEt)3]BF4 (10), respectively. The carbamoyl complexes (TTP)Ir(L)[C(O)NHR] (L = RNH2 (2a–d), 1-MeIm (4a), P(OEt)3 (5b), PMe2Ph (6c)) reacted with methyl iodide to give the iodo complexes (TTP)Ir(L)I (L = RNH2 (11a–d), 1-MeIm (12), P(OEt)3 (13), PMe2Ph (14)). Reactions of the complexes [(TTP)Ir(PMe2Ph)]BF4 (9) and [(TTP)IrP(OEt)3]BF4 (10) with [Bu4N]I, benzylamine (BnNH2), and PMe2Ph afforded (TTP)Ir(PMe2Ph)I (14), (TTP)Ir[P(OEt)3]I (13), [(TTP)Ir(PMe2Ph)(NH2Bn)]BF4 (16), and trans-[(TTP)Ir(PMe2Ph)2]BF4 (17), respectively. Metrical details for the molecular structures of 4a and 17 are reported.
Compressed sensing FTIR nano-spectroscopy and nano-imaging (2018)

Infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) provides for spectroscopic imaging with nanometer spatial resolution, yet full spatio-spectral imaging is constrained by long measurement times. Here, we demonstrate the application of compressed sensing algorithms to achieve hyperspectral FTIR-based nano-imaging at an order of magnitude faster imaging speed to achieve the same spectral content compared to conventional approaches. At the example of the spectroscopy of a single vibrational resonance, we discuss the relationship of prior knowledge of sparseness of the employed Fourier base functions and sub-sampling. Compressed sensing nano-FTIR spectroscopy promises both rapid and sensitive chemical nano-imaging which is highly relevant in academic and industrial settings for fundamental and applied nano- and bio-materials research.
Expression in Escherichia coli of the cloned flavin-containing monooxygenase from pig liver. (1993)

The amino acid sequence of pig liver flavin-containing monooxygenase (PgLFMO) was determined by nucleotide analysis of cDNA clones isolated using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Most of the clones isolated were missing the 5'-noncoding region and the first seven codons including the putative initiation codon ATG. A full-length cDNA clone, PgLFMO1, was obtained by extending the 5'-end sequence to include an ATG initiation codon and the codons corresponding to the 5'-end using the polymerase chain reaction. Restriction sites for EcoRI and SalI were incorporated at the 5'- and 3'-ends of the cDNA, respectively, by polymerase chain reaction to provide a full-length cDNA clone, pTrcPgLFMO1. Escherichia coli strain NM522 was transformed with pTrcPgLFMO1 and the PgLFMO was expressed under the control of the Trc promoter. Recombinant PgLFMO isolated from the bacterial lysates was purified to homogeneity and found to have N- and S-oxygenation kinetic properties similar to those of the native enzyme. Stereoselective S-oxygenation of (+)- and (-)-4-bromophenyl-1,3-oxathiolane or 2-methyl-1,3-benzodithiole by the expressed PgLFMO showed some differences from that of the native enzyme, however. These data indicate that active PgLFMO was expressed in E. coli but that the enzyme action was distinct from the native enzyme.
Optimization of gradient-echo MR for calcium detection. (1994)

Gradient-echo sequences that optimize the contrast for detection of calcium in neurologic imaging have been determined.
Adaptation of Farming Community to Climatic Risk:Does Adaptation Cost for Sustaining Agricultural Profitability? (2016)

Adaptation strategies that can minimize the negative effects of climatic risk were implemented in over 2000 farms in 12 villages of Mewat district in Haryana, India. Detailed household (HH) level data from 120 farm families for two periods (prior to intervention and end of project period) indicated: (i) agricultural profit of adapted farmers was more than that of non-adapted farmers in all strata according to the difference in difference model; (ii) non-adapted farmers in <4 acre groups have to either alter the existing agricultural practices to reduce management cost and increase profit or incur additional cost for adaptation; (iii) large farmers may have to rationalize their management investments for gaining more profits; (iv) the profit is not directly proportional to the cost of adaptation, if any, among different strata of farmers; (v) agricultural income alone cannot sustain small and marginal farm (<4 acre) families, however with adaptation a self-sustaining agriculture could be achieved; (vi) suitable adaptation can reduce the cost of farm operations, and increase agricultural profits as well as adaptive capacity to climatic risks; (vii) additional cost is not always required for adaptation, and rationalizing agricultural expenditure is essential to adapt to climatic risks. At community level differential costs of adaptation and profits are likely. Policies for incentivizing these 'responsive adaptation' costs for small and marginal farmers would be required. However, investments may be required for establishing permanent agricultural-infrastructure for managing water and agricultural produce in order to sustain agricultural profitability.