gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible-light photon migration through myocardium in vivo (1999)

Empirical data between 510 and 590 nm of diffuse reflected light from the pig heart in vivo have shown that myoglobin and cytochrome c absorption peaks with little apparent contribution of red blood cell (RBC) Hb. Monte Carlo simulations of photon migration in tissue were performed to compare the effects of myoglobin and cytochromes with those of blood Hb on photon pathlengths and diffuse reflectance of visible wavelengths (450-600 nm) from the pig heart in vivo. Wavelength dependence of the input parameters, including the transport-corrected scattering coefficients (1.1-1.2 mm(-1)) and the absorption coefficients of blood-free solubilized heart tissue (0.43-1.47 mm(-1)), as well as the absorption coefficients of Hb, were determined by an integrating sphere method and standard spectrophotometry, respectively. The Monte Carlo simulations indicate that in the 510- to 590-nm range the mean path length within the myocardium for diffusely reflected light varies from 1.4 to 1.2 mm, whereas their mean penetration depth within the epicardium is only 330-400 micrometer for blood-free heart tissue. Analysis shows that the blood Hb absorption extrema are only observable between 510 and 590 nm when RBC concentration in tissue is >0.5%. Blood within vessels much larger than capillaries does not contribute significantly to the spectral features, because virtually all light in this spectral range is absorbed during transit through large vessels (>100 micrometer). This analysis suggests that diffuse reflected light in the 510- to 590-nm region will show spectral features uniquely associated with myoglobin and cytochrome c oxygenation states within 400 micrometer of the surface of the heart in situ as long as the capillary RBC concentration remains <0.5%.
Intercomparison of Aerosol Spectrometers for Ambient Air Monitoring (2002)

Three aerosol spectrometers measuring the number concentration distribution of particles in the diameter range 0.01 to 2.5 mum were compared by running them side-by-side for 385 h under ambient air conditions in Erfurt, Germany in October 1997. From the spectral data the measured hourly number concentrations in 3 size fractions, the ultrafine fraction (0.01-0.1 mum), the accumulation fraction (0.1-0.5 mum), and the coarse fraction (0.5-2.5 mum), were analyzed. The systematic component of the difference between the instruments was assessed as the geometric mean of the ratio of the measured concentrations (GMR) and the random component as the geometric standard deviation of this ratio (GSR). Previous statistical methods to compare instruments were developed further. A nonlinear multivariate regression method was used to compare the aerosol distribution consisting of several size fractions. Also, the imprecision of the individual instruments (GSI) was estimated. Comparing the instruments within the ultrafine and accumulation fractions, both the GMRs and GSRs ranged between 1.06 and 1.23 and correlations were above 0.98. In the coarse fraction, the GMR of the number concentrations ranged between 0.25 and 4.19, the GSRs between 1.81 and 2.61, and the correlations between 0.72 and 0.85. The GSIs of the instruments were below 1.2 for all fractions but the coarse fraction. To explore possible differences in the classification of particles into the accumulation and coarse fractions, coarse fractions were regressed with the coarse and the accumulation fractions of the other instruments. Using a conversion based on this regression, the GSRs between instruments were minimized to 1.35 and the GSI to below 1.3. In conclusion, the aerosol spectrometers were in good agreement in the ultrafine and accumulation size fractions. The differences in the measured number concentrations in the coarse fraction were effectively corrected by using a regression method taking into account also the concentration in accumulation fraction, which suggests possible differences in particle sizing at 0.5 mum.
Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Deprivation, Rurality, and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty: Analysis from a Large, Tertiary Care Hospital (2022)

Neighborhood disadvantage and rurality are negatively associated with the risk of revision surgery and both independently and in interaction with individual-level education with the risk of mortality. There is a need for population-level health interventions to mitigate area-based socioeconomic disadvantages in TJA.
Data from p120 Catenin Suppresses Basal Epithelial Cell Extrusion in Invasive Pancreatic Neoplasia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Aberrant regulation of cellular extrusion can promote invasion and metastasis. Here, we identify molecular requirements for early cellular invasion using a premalignant mouse model of pancreatic cancer with conditional knockout of p120 catenin (&lt;i&gt;Ctnnd1&lt;/i&gt;). Mice with biallelic loss of p120 catenin progressively develop high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and neoplasia accompanied by prominent acute and chronic inflammatory processes, which is mediated, in part, through NF-κB signaling. Loss of p120 catenin in the context of oncogenic Kras also promotes remarkable apical and basal epithelial cell extrusion. Abundant single epithelial cells exit PanIN epithelium basally, retain epithelial morphology, survive, and display features of malignancy. Similar extrusion defects are observed following p120 catenin knockdown &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, and these effects are completely abrogated by the activation of S1P/S1pr2 signaling. In the context of oncogenic Kras, p120 catenin loss significantly reduces expression of genes mediating S1P/S1pr2 signaling &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, and this effect is mediated at least, in part, through activation of NF-κB. These results provide insight into mechanisms controlling early events in the metastatic process and suggest that p120 catenin and S1P/S1pr2 signaling enhance cancer progression by regulating epithelial cell invasion. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(11); 3351–63. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Finding the Subspace Mean or Median to Fit Your Need (2014)

Many computer vision algorithms employ subspace models to represent data. Many of these approaches benefit from the ability to create an average or prototype for a set of subspaces. The most popular method in these situations is the Karcher mean, also known as the Riemannian center of mass. The prevalence of the Karcher mean may lead some to assume that it provides the best average in all scenarios. However, other subspace averages that appear less frequently in the literature may be more appropriate for certain tasks. The extrinsic manifold mean, the L2-median, and the flag mean are alternative averages that can be substituted directly for the Karcher mean in many applications. This paper evaluates the characteristics and performance of these four averages on synthetic and real-world data. While the Karcher mean generalizes the Euclidean mean to the Grassman manifold, we show that the extrinsic manifold mean, the L2-median, and the flag mean behave more like medians and are therefore more robust to the presence of outliers among the subspaces being averaged. We also show that while the Karcher mean and L2-median are computed using iterative algorithms, the extrinsic manifold mean and flag mean can be found analytically and are thus orders of magnitude faster in practice. Finally, we show that the flag mean is a generalization of the extrinsic manifold mean that permits subspaces with different numbers of dimensions to be averaged. The result is a "cookbook" that maps algorithm constraints and data properties to the most appropriate subspace mean for a given application.
Submodular Trajectory Optimization for Aerial 3D Scanning (2017)

Drones equipped with cameras are emerging as a powerful tool for large-scale aerial 3D scanning, but existing automatic flight planners do not exploit all available information about the scene, and can therefore produce inaccurate and incomplete 3D models. We present an automatic method to generate drone trajectories, such that the imagery acquired during the flight will later produce a high-fidelity 3D model. Our method uses a coarse estimate of the scene geometry to plan camera trajectories that: (1) cover the scene as thoroughly as possible; (2) encourage observations of scene geometry from a diverse set of viewing angles; (3) avoid obstacles; and (4) respect a user-specified flight time budget. Our method relies on a mathematical model of scene coverage that exhibits an intuitive diminishing returns property known as submodularity. We leverage this property extensively to design a trajectory planning algorithm that reasons globally about the non-additive coverage reward obtained across a trajectory, jointly with the cost of traveling between views. We evaluate our method by using it to scan three large outdoor scenes, and we perform a quantitative evaluation using a photorealistic video game simulator.
A comparative study of language support for generic programming (2003)

Many modern programming languages support basic generic programming, sufficient to implement type-safe polymorphic containers. Some languages have moved beyond this basic support to a broader, more powerful interpretation of generic programming, and their extensions have proven valuable in practice. This paper reports on a comprehensive comparison of generics in six programming languages: C++, Standard ML, Haskell, Eiffel, Java (with its proposed generics extension), and Generic C. By implementing a substantial example in each of these languages, we identify eight language features that support this broader view of generic programming. We find these features are necessary to avoid awkward designs, poor maintainability, unnecessary run-time checks, and painfully verbose code. As languages increasingly support generics, it is important that language designers understand the features necessary to provide powerful generics and that their absence causes serious difficulties for programmers.
Secondary lymphoid organ fibroblastic reticular cells mediate trans-infection of HIV-1 via CD44-hyaluronan interactions (2018)

Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are stromal cells in secondary lymphoid organs, the major sites for HIV-1 infection of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Although FRCs regulate T cell survival, proliferation, and migration, whether they play any role in HIV-1 spread has not been studied. Here, we show that FRCs enhance HIV-1 spread via trans-infection in which FRCs capture HIV-1 and facilitate infection of T cells that come into contact with FRCs. FRCs mediate trans-infection in both two- and three-dimensional culture systems and in a manner dependent on the virus producer cells. This producer cell dependence, which was also observed for virus spread in secondary lymphoid tissues ex vivo, is accounted for by CD44 incorporated into virus particles and hyaluronan bound to such CD44 molecules. This virus-associated hyaluronan interacts with CD44 expressed on FRCs, thereby promoting virus capture by FRCs. Overall, our results reveal a novel role for FRCs in promoting HIV-1 spread.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation of N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)imines by Using Trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Printed Electronics: The First Step towards a R2R Printing Foundry via a Complementary Design Rule in Physical Dimension for Fabricating Flexible 4‐Bit Code Generator (Adv. Electron. Mater. 12/2020) (2020)

A basic R2R electronics printing foundry concept comprising nanomaterial based electronic inks, R2R printing speed, overlay printing registration accuracy, and device design is described by Gyoujin Cho and co-workers in article number 2000770. They demonstrate their system by printing 44 single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based p-type and n-type TFTs to integrate a ring oscillator, six NAND gates, and a OR gate for 4-bit code generation through a R2R gravure printer.
(Invited) Optical Lithography Extension Technique with Multiple-Patterning Process (2014)

The double patterning process has become a technology for extending the life of 193-nm immersion lithography. It is the most useful techniques of advancing downscaling in semiconductors and can theoretically be used scale infinitely down. For the self-aligned type of double patterning, such as self-aligned double patterning (SADP), self-aligned triple patterning (SATP), and self-aligned quadruple patterning (SAQP)[1], we have reported that spacer-pattern processing is more difficult than line-pattern processing since the former includes more fluctuating factors, and that improving the performance of the core pattern is essential to solving this problem. Similarly, as calls for even more improvement in line edge roughness (LER) have come to be made, we have investigated the relationship between the core pattern and LER. Thus, given the importance of finding a means of securing pattern fidelity in the core pattern to improve critical dimension uniformity (CDU) and LER,we improved resist contrast resulting in dramatically reduced LER and improved spacer CD uniformity over the wafer surface. This paper presents the results of observing pattern fidelity in the double patterning process from many aspects and the results of testing a technique for high-accuracy management of pattern fidelity.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance profiling of coronary atherosclerosis: vessel wall remodelling and related myocardial blood flow alterations (2014)

The proposed comprehensive CMR imaging protocol provided a non-invasive approach for direct assessment of coronary vessel wall remodelling and resultant pathophysiological consequences on the level of epicardial coronary and myocardial blood flow in patients.
Synthesis, characterization, and electroluminescence of PPV copolymers containing electron and hole‐transporting units (2008)

Abstract Three series of poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives containing hole‐transporting triphenylamine derivatives [ N ‐(4‐octoxylphenyl)diphenylamine, N , N ′‐di(4‐octyloxylphenyl)‐ N , N ′‐diphenyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine, and N , N ′‐di(4‐octoxylphenyl)‐ N , N ′‐diphenylbenzidine] (donor) and electron‐transporting oxadiazole unit (2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) (acceptor) in the main chain were synthesized by improved Wittig copolymerization. The resulting donor–acceptor (D‐A) polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents, such as chloroform, dichloroethane, THF, and toluene. The polymers containing oxadiazole group exhibit good thermal stability with 5% weight loss above 400 °C. The intramolecular charge‐transfer was observed in these D‐A polymers. In comparison with corresponding polymers without oxadiazole unit, the single‐layer devices based on the D‐A polymers showed much improved electroluminescent properties, because of the balanced charge injection and transport. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1566–1576, 2008
C-Reactive Protein Causes Insulin Resistance in Mice Through Fcγ Receptor IIB–Mediated Inhibition of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Delivery (2012)

Elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance. Whether CRP plays a causal role is unknown. Here we show that CRP transgenic mice and wild-type mice administered recombinant CRP are insulin resistant. Mice lacking the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB) are protected from CRP-induced insulin resistance, and immunohistochemistry reveals that FcγRIIB is expressed in skeletal muscle microvascular endothelium and is absent in skeletal muscle myocytes, adipocytes, and hepatocytes. The primary mechanism in glucose homeostasis disrupted by CRP is skeletal muscle glucose delivery, and CRP attenuates insulin-induced skeletal muscle blood flow. CRP does not impair skeletal muscle glucose delivery in FcγRIIB(-/-) mice or in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knock-in mice with phosphomimetic modification of Ser1176, which is normally phosphorylated by insulin signaling to stimulate nitric oxide-mediated skeletal muscle blood flow and glucose delivery and is dephosphorylated by CRP/FcγRIIB. Thus, CRP causes insulin resistance in mice through FcγRIIB-mediated inhibition of skeletal muscle glucose delivery.
Development of Optical Filters Based on Photorefractive Materials (1996)

this article focused on overcoming the deficiencies by using an optical configuration of high sensitivity in terms of wavelength, incident angle, and polarization in order to write holographic gratings with prespecified spacings. The grating spacings were designed to satisfy Bragg conditions for efficient operation of the filter, even when using lower sensitivity wavelengths and alternative geometries of interest.
Correction: Sequence Analysis of the Genome of Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV) Associated with Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) (2013)

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is associated with heart-and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).We have performed detailed sequence analysis of the PRV genome with focus on putative encoded proteins, compared with prototype strains from mammalian (MRV T3D)-and avian orthoreoviruses (ARV-138), and aquareovirus (GCRV-873).Amino acid identities were low for most gene segments but detailed sequence analysis showed that many protein motifs or key amino acid residues known to be central to protein function are conserved for most PRV proteins.For M-class proteins this included a proline residue in m2 which, for MRV, has been shown to play a key role in both the formation and structural organization of virus inclusion bodies, and affect interferon-b signaling and induction of myocarditis.Predicted structural similarities in the inner core-forming proteins l1 and s2 suggest a conserved core structure.In contrast, low amino acid identities in the predicted PRV surface proteins m1, s1 and s3 suggested differences regarding cellular interactions between the reovirus genera.However, for s1, amino acid residues central for MRV binding to sialic acids, and cleavage-and myristoylation sites in m1 required for endosomal membrane penetration during infection are partially or wholly conserved in the homologous PRV proteins.In PRV s3 the only conserved element found was a zinc finger motif.We provide evidence that the S1 segment encoding s3 also encodes a 124 aa (p13) protein, which appears to be localized to intracellular Golgi-like structures.The S2 and L2 gene segments are also potentially polycistronic, predicted to encode a 71 aa-(p8) and a 98 aa (p11) protein, respectively.It is concluded that PRV has more properties in common with orthoreoviruses than with aquareoviruses.
Improving the intermediate- and high-temperature strength of L12-Co3(Al,W) by Ni and Ta additions (2022)

The effects of Ni and Ta additions on the mechanical properties in the L12 compound Co3(Al,W), the strengthening phase of Co-based superalloys, have been investigated by compression tests between room temperature and 1000 °C, in order to elucidate the effects of stability of the L12 phase on the mechanical properties. The additions of Ni and Ta, both of which are L12-stabilizers that increase the L12 solvus temperature, increase the yield strength at intermediate and high temperatures. The strength increase is shown to be more significant as the amount of additions of these elements and thereby the stability of the L12 phase increases. Two factors account for the strength increase at intermediate temperatures: The reduction of the onset temperature of yield stress anomaly (YSA-onset) due to the increased complex stacking fault (CSF) energy and the increase in both the base strength and the intensity of the yield stress anomaly associated with an increased anti-phase boundary (APB) energy on (111) planes. The strength increase at high temperatures, on the other hand, arises from the increase in the peak temperature due to the increased L12 solvus temperatures. The increased strength of the L12 phase due to a higher phase stability thus partly accounts for the improved creep strength of Co-based superalloys upon alloying with Ni and Ta.
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) for Dissolution of Clots in a Rabbit Model of Embolic Stroke (2012)

It is estimated that only 2-6% of patients receive thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke suggesting that alternative therapies are necessary. In this study, we investigate the potential for high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to initiate thrombolysis in an embolic model of stroke. Iron-loaded blood clots were injected into the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of New Zealand White rabbits, through the internal carotid artery and blockages were confirmed by angiography. MRI was used to localize the iron-loaded clot and target the HIFU beam for treatment. HIFU pulses (1.5 MHz, 1 ms bursts, 1 Hz pulse repetition frequency, 20 s duration) were applied to initiate thrombolysis. Repeat angiograms and histology were used to assess reperfusion and vessel damage. Using 275 W of acoustic power, there was no evidence of reperfusion in post-treatment angiograms of 3 rabbits tested. In a separate group of animals, 415 W of acoustic power was applied and reperfusion was observed in 2 of the 4 (50%) animals treated. In the last group of animals, acoustic power was further increased to 550 W, which led to the reperfusion in 5 of 7 (∼70%) animals tested. Histological analysis confirmed that the sonicated vessels remained intact after HIFU treatment. Hemorrhage was detected outside of the sonication site, likely due to the proximity of the target vessel with the base of the rabbit skull. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using HIFU, as a stand-alone method, to cause effective thrombolysis without immediate damage to the targeted vessels. HIFU, combined with imaging modalities used to identify and assess stroke patients, could dramatically reduce the time to achieve flow restoration in patients thereby significantly increasing the number of patients which benefit from thrombolysis treatments.
Collection Weeding: Breaking New Ground with Innovative Processes and Tools (2019)

Intro Criteria Tools Feedback Lessons Learned