gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delayed Oral LY333013 Rescues Mice from Highly Neurotoxic, Lethal Doses of Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) Venom (2018)

There is an unmet need for economical snakebite therapies with long shelf lives that are effective even with delays in treatment. The orally bioavailable, heat-stable, secretory phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂) inhibitor, LY333013, demonstrates antidotal characteristics for severe snakebite envenoming in both field and hospital use. A murine model of lethal envenoming by a Papuan taipan (<i>Oxyuranus scutellatus</i>) demonstrates that LY333013, even with delayed oral administration, improves the chances of survival. Furthermore, LY333013 improves the performance of antivenom even after it no longer reverses neurotoxic signs. Our study is the first demonstration that neurotoxicity from presynaptic venom sPLA<sub>2S</sub> can be treated successfully, even after the window of therapeutic antivenom has closed. These results suggest that sPLA₂ inhibitors have the potential to reduce death and disability and should be considered for the initial and adjunct treatment of snakebite envenoming. The scope and capacity of the sPLA2 inhibitors ability to achieve these endpoints requires further investigation and development efforts.
Simulation, Design and Testing of Integrated Power Supply For Insulated Gate Transistors (2006)

International audience
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION CONTAINING ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG (2018)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to design novel drug delivery system containing ramipril microemulsion. Ramipril is an antihypertensive drug having very low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Ramipril microemulsion could be used as a possible alternative to the traditional oral formulation to improve dissolution rate and hence its bioavailability with avoidance of the first-pass metabolism.Methods: The microemulsion existence region was determined by constructing pseudoternary phase diagram and prepared by using four components orange oil, tween 80 as a surfactant, propylene glycol as co-surfactant and distilled water as the aqueous phase. The water titration method was employed for its determination. All formulated microemulsion were subjected for visual inspection, centrifugation and stability test. The all stable formulations were selected for further study.The optimized microemulsion formulation B-9 was subjected for various evaluation parameters such as, visual inspection, stability studies, pH, viscosity measurements, electrical conductivity, content uniformity and dye solubility test.Results: Results revealed that construction of phase diagram and use of phase titration method was a suitable technique for the preparation of microemulsion as most of the formulations were transparent. It was found that the best microemulsion result was found for ratio 2:1. The results of stress tests conclude that the optimized formulation was both physically and chemically stable for 8 mo. Also, The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) radiation measurement and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of optimized formulation indicate the compatibility of ramipril with orange oil, surfactant-tween 80 and cosurfactant-propylene glycol. From electrical conductivity 0.283 σ and staining test the prepared optimized formulation B-9 was found to be o/w type of microemulsion. The optimized B-9 formulation showed good viscosity 13.52±0.01cps and pH 3.21±0.02 with highest drug content uniformity was found to be 84.98±0.02 %.Conclusion: In the present study a satisfactory attempt was made to formulate a novel o/w microemulsion of ramipril which improves the gastrointestinal absorption by raising its water solubility and hence oral bioavailability is also enhanced.
Simulation of Current Filaments in Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches (2005)

Photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS&amp;apos;s), such as optically-triggered GaAs switches, have been developed for a variety of applications. Such switches exhibit unique properties as a consequence of lock-on, a phenomenon associated with the bistable switching of these devices. In this paper, lock-on is explained in terms of collective impact ionization. Furthermore, the effect of defects on the performance of these devices is
Differences in the Quality of Semen in Outdoor Workers during Summer and Winter (1990)

Semen quality deteriorates during the summer. This phenomenon may account at least in part for the reduction in the birth rate during the spring in regions with warm climates.
Brain volumetrics differ by Fiebig stage in acute HIV infection (2023)

Findings indicate that brain volume alterations occur in acute infection, with the most prominent differences evident in the later stages of AHI. Additional studies are needed to evaluate mechanisms for possible brain disruption following ART, including viral factors and markers of neuroinflammation.
ChemInform Abstract: A DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF Ω‐BROMO‐1‐ALKENES (1985)

Abstract α,ω‐Dibromalkane (I) können durch HMPA, das bei hoher Temperatur zudosiert wird, selektiv in ω‐Brom‐1‐alkene (II) übergeführt werden.
Duty-cycle optimization for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks (2013)

Most applications of wireless sensor networks require reliable and timely data communication with maximum possible network lifetime under low traffic regime. These requirements are very critical especially for the stability of wireless sensor and actuator networks. Designing a protocol that satisfies these requirements in a network consisting of sensor nodes with traffic pattern and location varying over time and space is a challenging task. We propose an adaptive optimal duty-cycle algorithm running on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control to minimize power consumption while meeting the reliability and delay requirements. Such a problem is complicated because simple and accurate models of the effects of the duty cycle on reliability, delay, and power consumption are not available. Moreover, the scarce computational resources of the devices and the lack of prior information about the topology make it impossible to compute the optimal parameters of the protocols. Based on an experimental implementation, we propose simple experimental models to expose the dependency of reliability, delay, and power consumption on the duty cycle at the node and validate it through extensive experiments. The coefficients of the experimental-based models can be easily computed on existing IEEE 802.15.4 hardware platforms by introducing a learning phase without any explicit information about data traffic, network topology, and medium access control parameters. The experimental-based model is then used to derive a distributed adaptive algorithm for minimizing the power consumption while meeting the reliability and delay requirements in the packet transmission. The algorithm is easily implementable on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control without any modifications of the protocol. An experimental implementation of the distributed adaptive algorithm on a test bed with off-the-shelf wireless sensor devices is presented. The experimental performance of the algorithms is compared to the existing solutions from the literature. The experimental results show that the experimental-based model is accurate and that the proposed adaptive algorithm attains the optimal value of the duty cycle, maximizing the lifetime of the network while meeting the reliability and delay constraints under both stationary and transient conditions. Specifically, even if the number of devices and their traffic configuration change sharply, the proposed adaptive algorithm allows the network to operate close to its optimal value. Furthermore, for Poisson arrivals, the duty-cycle protocol is modeled as a finite capacity queuing system in a star network. This simple analytical model provides insights into the performance metrics, including the reliability, average delay, and average power consumption of the duty-cycle protocol.
Point-of-gaze analysis reveals visual search strategies (2004)

Seemingly complex tasks like visual search can be analyzed using a cognition-free, bottom-up framework. We sought to reveal strategies used by observers in visual search tasks using accurate eye tracking and image analysis at point of gaze. Observers were instructed to search for simple geometric targets embedded in 1/f noise. By analyzing the stimulus at the point of gaze using the classification image (CI) paradigm, we discovered CI templates that indeed resembled the target. No such structure emerged for a random-searcher. We demonstrate, qualitatively and quantitatively, that these CI templates are useful in predicting stimulus regions that draw human fixations in search tasks. Filtering a 1/f noise stimulus with a CI results in a 'fixation prediction map'. A qualitative evaluation of the prediction was obtained by overlaying k-means clusters of observers' fixations on the prediction map. The fixations clustered around the local maxima in the prediction map. To obtain a quantitative comparison, we computed the Kullback-Leibler distance between the recorded fixations and the prediction. Using random-searcher CIs in Monte Carlo simulations, a distribution of this distance was obtained. The z-scores for the human CIs and the original target were -9.70 and -9.37 respectively indicating that even in noisy stimuli, observers deploy their fixations efficiently to likely targets rather than casting them randomly hoping to fortuitously find the target.
Multilayer block copolymer meshes by orthogonal self-assembly (2016)

Continued scaling-down of lithographic-pattern feature sizes has brought templated self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) into the forefront of nanofabrication research. Technologies now exist that facilitate significant control over otherwise unorganized assembly of BCP microdomains to form both long-range and locally complex monolayer patterns. In contrast, the extension of this control into multilayers or 3D structures of BCP microdomains remains limited, despite the possible technological applications in next-generation devices. Here, we develop and analyse an orthogonal self-assembly method in which multiple layers of distinct-molecular-weight BCPs naturally produce nanomesh structures of cylindrical microdomains without requiring layer-by-layer alignment or high-resolution lithographic templating. The mechanisms for orthogonal self-assembly are investigated with both experiment and simulation, and we determine that the control over height and chemical preference of templates are critical process parameters. The method is employed to produce nanomeshes with the shapes of circles and Y-intersections, and is extended to produce three layers of orthogonally oriented cylinders.
Asymmetric radical addition, cyclization, and annulation reactions with Oppolzer's camphor sultam (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric radical addition, cyclization, and annulation reactions with Oppolzer's camphor sultamDennis P. Curran, Wang Shen, Jiancun Zhang, and Timothy A. HeffnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 18, 6738–6740Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00174a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00174a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views749Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Exchange of Conduction Pathways Between Two Related K <sup>+</sup> Channels (1991)

The structure of the ion conduction pathway or pore of voltage-gated ion channels is unknown, although the linker between the membrane spanning segments S5 and S6 has been suggested to form part of the pore in potassium channels. To test whether this region controls potassium channel conduction, a 21-amino acid segment of the S5-S6 linker was transplanted from the voltage-activated potassium channel NGK2 to another potassium channel DRK1, which has very different pore properties. In the resulting chimeric channel, the single channel conductance and blockade by external and internal tetraethylammonium (TEA) ion were characteristic of the donor NGK2 channel. Thus, this 21-amino acid segment controls the essential biophysical properties of the pore and may form the conduction pathway of these potassium channels.
On the stationary dynamics of parallel queues with random server connectivities (2002)

We investigate the stationary dynamics of a system comprised of K parallel queues and a single server. The connectivities of the server to the various queues are randomly modulated by a stochastic process, taking values 1 (connected) or 0 (severed). At any given time, only the currently connected queues can be served. Such models capture the essential features of several practical situations of unreliable service, appearing in wireless communication networks with extraneous interference, flexible manufacturing systems with failing components etc. We focus on the problem of allocating the server to the connected queues in order to maximize the capacity (throughput) of the system. We analyze two simple dynamic server allocation policies which are shown to stabilize the system under the highest possible loading. Several applications are discussed. The system is studied under stationary ergodic input job flows and modulation processes.
Genetic dissection of dome formation in a mammary cell line: Identification of two genes with opposing action (1999)

In this work, we extend the study of the genes controlling the formation of domes in the rat mammary cell line LA7 under the influence of DMSO. The role of the rat8 gene has already been demonstrated. We have now studied two additional genes. The first, called 133, is the rat ortholog of the human epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3), a member of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22)/EMP/lens-specific membrane protein 20 (MP20) gene family that encodes for tetratransmembrane proteins; it is expressed in the LA7 line in the absence of DMSO but not in its presence. The second gene is the beta subunit of the amiloride-sensitive Na(+) channel. Studies with antisense oligonucleotides show that the formation of domes is under the control of all three genes: the expression of rat8 is required for both their formation and their persistence; the expression of the Na(+) channel beta subunit is required for their formation; and the expression of gene 133 blocks the expression of the Na(+) channel genes, thus preventing formation of the domes. The formation of these structures is also accompanied by the expression of alpha(6)beta(1) integrin, followed by that of E-cadherin and cytokeratin 8. It appears, therefore, that dome formation requires the activity of the Na(+) channel and the rat8-encoded protein and is under the negative control of gene 133. DMSO induces dome formation by blocking this control.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Observation of the Target Cell for Leaf‐Movement Factor Using Novel Fluorescence‐Labeled Probe Compounds (I): Fluorescence Studies of Nyctinasty in Legumes. Part 1. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Predicting the Chiral Enrichment of Metallic SWCNTs on Ni–Cu Bimetallic Surfaces (2014)

Previous modeling and experimental studies have suggested that Cu-based metal catalysts can preferentially produce metallic carbon nanotubes. Here, we explain this selectivity by separately modeling nanotube cap nucleation and nanotube growth on Cu and NixCu1–x surfaces. Cap nucleation is modeled by invoking an epitaxial lattice matching criterion and comparing the binding strengths of different cap chiralities. Nanotube growth on various catalyst surfaces was studied by calculating differences in armchair and zigzag dangling bond energies, relative chemical activity ratios, and nanotube growth rates of different nanotube chiralities. All energies associated with nanotube cap nucleation and armchair and zigzag dangling bond energies were obtained using density functional theory (DFT). We find that certain armchair and zigzag nanotube caps exhibit higher binding strengths than chiral caps, and the stability of the caps on the various surfaces decreases as Ni > Ni0.5Cu0.5 > Cu, in accordance with the respective carbon–metal adhesion strengths. Both the relative chemical activity ratios and the nanotube growth rates suggest that NixCu1–x bimetallic nanoparticles with increased bond length or lattice-strained surfaces are excellent candidates for preferentially producing metallic nanotubes.
Correction to “Topological Effects and Binding Modes Operating with Multivalent Iminosugar-Based Glycoclusters and Mannosidases” (2014)

International audience
Synthesis of Bio‐Dimethyl Ether Based on Carbon Dioxide‐Enhanced Gasification of Biomass: Process Simulation Using Aspen Plus (2016)

Abstract Process simulation for a single‐step synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) based on the CO 2 ‐enhanced gasification of rice straw was conducted using Aspen Plus. The process consists of a gasification unit, a heat recovery unit, a gas purification unit, a single‐step DME synthesis unit, and a DME separation unit. In the simulation, highly pure DME was produced by the control of CO 2 concentration in syngas to a very low level prior to synthesis. A gasification system efficiency of 36.7 % and CO 2 emission of 1.31 kg kg DME −1 were achieved. This bio‐DME production based on the CO 2 ‐enhanced gasification of biomass was cost‐effective as it required 19.6 % less biomass than that of DME production based on conventional biomass gasification. The performance and environmental benefits of the proposed process could be further improved by the utilization of unreacted gases and the managing of CO 2 generated by the incorporation of a polygeneration concept or carbon storage.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of α,α‐Difluoromethyl Radicals: A New Route to the Preparation of Difluorocyclopentane Derivatives. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
&lt;title&gt;Defect inspection of periodic patterns with low-order distortions&lt;/title&gt; (1994)

A self-reliance technique is developed for detecting defects in repeated pattern wafers and masks with low-order distortions. If the patterns are located on a perfect rectangular grid, it is possible to estimate the period of repeated patterns in both directions, and then produce a defect-free reference image for making comparison with the actual image. But in some applications, the repeated patterns are somehow shifted from their desired position on a rectangular grid, and the aforementioned algorithm cannot be directly applied. In these situations, to produce a defect-free reference image and locate the defected cells, it is necessary to estimate the amount of misalignment of each cell beforehand. The proposed technique first estimates the misalignment of repeated patterns in each row and column. After estimating the location of all cells in the image, a defect-free reference image is generated by averaging over all the cells and is compared with the input image to localize the possible defects.
Oil and gas seepage offshore Georgia (Black Sea) – Geochemical evidences for a paleogene-neogene hydrocarbon source rock (2021)

Numerous hydrocarbon seep sites at the continental shelf, slope, and in the deep water basin are known to feed the Black Sea water reservoir of dissolved methane. In this study, we identified the likely sources of gas and oil that are emitted at four sites located on the continental slope offshore Georgia in the Eastern Black Sea at 830 to 1,140 m water depth – an area with gas seepage only (Batumi seep area) and three areas of coupled gas and oil seepage (Iberia Mound, Colkheti Seep, and Pechori Mound). The geochemistry of bulk parameters, organic fractions and individual hydrocarbon biomarkers in near-surface sediments and of gas/oil expelled from the seafloor was analyzed and jointly interpreted to assign most likely hydrocarbon source rocks in the studied region. Presence of oleanane in shallow oil-impregnated sediments and oil slicks attests that the source rock at all sites is younger than Mid Cretaceous in age. We conclude that hydrocarbons ascending at all the four seepage areas originate from the Eocene Kuma Formation and/or the Oligocene–Lower Miocene Maikop Group, which are considered the principal hydrocarbon sources in the Eastern Black Sea region. Distributions of crude oil biomarkers in shallow sediments suggests moderate to heavy biodegradation. C1/C2+ ratios (10–4,163) along with stable C and H isotopic ratios (δ13C–CH4 ‒46.3 to −53.1.3‰ V-PDB; δ2H–CH4 ‒159 to −178‰ V-SMOW) indicate gas mixtures of oil-associated thermogenic and secondary microbial light hydrocarbons that are discharged from the four seep sites. Light hydrocarbons discharged at the Batumi Seep area are characterized by significant enrichments of methane, but have almost similar δ13C–CH4 values if compared to the other study sites. Such methane enrichments likely result from a comparably higher degree of petroleum degradation and associated formation of secondary microbial methane.