gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Electron Attachment to Highly-Excited States of Molecules: Implications for Plasma Processing Discharges (1998)

Recent studies show that large negative ion densities exist in plasma processing discharges, including those of weakly electronegative gases such as SiH{sub 4} and CF{sub 4}. Also, there is strong evidence that the negative ions could be the precursors for particulate formation in processing discharges. Even though it is now well established that large concentrations of negative ions exist in processing discharges, and that they play a crucial role in such discharges, the source of such high negative ion densities has not been clarified. In particular, gases like SiH{sub 4} and CH{sub 4}, which are commonly used in processing discharges, attach electrons only weakly in their ground electronic states (see the references). Due to the lack of an alternative mechanism, the origin of large negative ion densities in such weakly electronegative gases has been frequently attributed to electron attachment to radicals (molecular fragments) or other byproducts produced in the discharge. This hypothesis had not been tested in direct electron attachment measurements.
Advanced preformulation investigations for the development of a lead intravaginal bioadhesive polymeric device (2011)

The results obtained suggest that (m)PA 6,10, PLGA, EC, PVA and PAA at an appropriate weight ratio may be suitable for development of an IBPD.
A new and versatile template towards vertically oriented nanopillars and nanotubes (2023)

Vertically oriented nanostructures bring unparalleled high surface area, light trapping capability, and high device density to electronic, optoelectronic, and energy storage devices. However, general methods to prepare such structures remain sparse and are typically based on anodized metal oxide templates. Here, we demonstrate a new approach: using vertically oriented tetraaniline nanopillar arrays as templates for creating nanopillars and nanotubes of other materials. The tetraaniline templates are scalable and easy to prepare. Vertical arrays of a variety of materials can be created by directly coating them onto the tetraaniline nanopillars <i>via</i> vapor, solution, or electrodeposition. Since the tetraaniline template is encased within the target material, it does not require post-deposition removal, thus enabling vertical structure formation of sensitive materials. Conversely, removal of the encased tetraaniline template provides vertically oriented nanotube arrays in a lost-wax-type operation. The resulting vertical structures exhibit a high degree of orientation and height uniformity, with tunable feature size, spacing, and array density. Furthermore, the deposition location and shape of the vertical arrays can be patterned at a resolution of 3 μm. Collectively, these attributes should broaden the material repertoire for vertically oriented structures, and lead to advancements in energy storage, electronics, and optoelectronics.
Comprehensive Evaluation of TFF3 Promoter Hypomethylation and Molecular Biomarker Potential for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis (2017)

Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of clinically insignificant tumors remains a major problem in prostate cancer (PC) due to suboptimal diagnostic and prognostic tools. Thus, novel biomarkers are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the biomarker potential of Trefoil factor 3 (<i>TFF3</i>) promoter methylation and RNA expression levels for PC. Initially, by quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) analysis of a large radical prostatectomy (RP) cohort (<i>n</i> = 292), we found that the <i>TFF3</i> promoter was significantly hypomethylated in PC compared to non-malignant (NM) prostate tissue samples (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.908 by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Moreover, significant <i>TFF3</i> promoter hypomethylation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.010) as well as overexpression (<i>p</i> < 0.001) was found in PC samples from another large independent patient sample set (498 PC vs. 67 NM) analyzed by Illumina 450K DNA methylation arrays and/or RNA sequencing. <i>TFF3</i> promoter methylation and transcriptional expression levels were inversely correlated, suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the regulation of gene activity. Furthermore, low TFF3 expression was significantly associated with high ERG, ETS transcription factor (ERG) expression (<i>p</i> < 0.001), as well as with high Gleason score (<i>p</i> < 0.001), advanced pathological T-stage (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence after RP (<i>p</i> = 0.013; univariate Cox regression analysis). There were no significant associations between <i>TFF3</i> promoter methylation levels, ERG status, or PSA recurrence in these RP cohorts. In conclusion, our results demonstrated diagnostic biomarker potential of <i>TFF3</i> promoter hypomethylation for PC as well as prognostic biomarker potential of TFF3 RNA expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of <i>TFF3</i> promoter methylation and transcriptional expression in PC to date.
Relationship between platinum-DNA adducts in leukocytes of patients with advanced germ cell cancer and survival. (1996)

Platinum-DNA adducts can be measured in peripheral blood leukocytes during platinum-based chemotherapy, and high adduct levels have been correlated with favorable clinical response in patients with germ cell cancer. Twenty-five patients with advanced germ cell cancer were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy regimens using the same dose and schedule of cisplatin. Platinum-DNA adducts were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry on the first and fifth days of the first cycle of cisplatin-based therapy. The patients were followed prospectively for 6-35 months (median, 26 months). Twenty-two patients had adduct levels measured 24 h after the first dose of cisplatin. There was no difference in the mean adduct levels of those who were alive and without progression of disease compared to those who were dead or progressing (P = 0.65). Twenty-three patients had day 5 adduct levels measured. The mean day 5 adduct level in the 15 patients who were alive and without progression was 62.133 fmol/microgram compared to 153.50 fmol/microgram in the patients who were dead or progressing (two-sided P = 0.02). Contrary to previous reports, these data indicate that high platinum-DNA adduct levels do not correlate with favorable outcome in patients with advanced germ cell cancer.
Recombinant allergy vaccines based on allergen-derived B cell epitopes (2017)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immunologically-mediated hypersensitivity disease. It affects more than 25% of the population. In IgE-sensitized subjects, allergen encounter can causes a variety of symptoms ranging from hayfever (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) to asthma, skin inflammation, food allergy and severe life-threatening anaphylactic shock. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is based on vaccination with the disease-causing allergens. AIT is an extremely effective, causative and disease-modifying treatment. However, administration of natural allergens can cause severe side effects and the quality of natural allergen extracts limits its application. Research in the field of molecular allergen characterization has allowed deciphering the molecular structures of the disease-causing allergens and it has become possible to engineer novel molecular allergy vaccines which precisely target the mechanisms of the allergic immune response and even appear suitable for prophylactic allergy vaccination. Here we discuss recombinant allergy vaccines which are based on allergen-derived B cell epitopes regarding their molecular and immunological properties and review the results obtained in clinical studies with this new type of allergy vaccines.
Differential effects of age on human striatal adenosine A<sub>1</sub>and A<sub>2A</sub>receptors (2012)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on the distribution of adenosine A₁ receptors (A₁Rs) and adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) in the striatum of healthy subjects using PET imaging with 8-dicyclopropylmethyl-1-[¹¹C]methyl-3-propylxanthine ([¹¹C]MPDX) and [7-methyl-¹¹C]-(E)-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)-1,3,7-trimethylxanthine ([¹¹C]TMSX), respectively. We recruited 8 young (22.0 ± 1.7 years) and 10 elderly (65.4 ± 7.6 years) volunteers to undergo [¹¹C]MPDX PET scanning, and 11 young (22.7 ± 2.7 years) and six elderly (60.7 ± 8.5 years) volunteers to undergo [¹¹C]TMSX PET scanning. A dynamic series of decay-corrected PET scans was performed for 60 min following injection of [¹¹C]MPDX or [¹¹C]TMSX. We calculated the binding potential (BP(ND) ) of [¹¹C]MPDX and distribution volume ratio (DVR) of [¹¹C]TMSX in the striatum. The BP(ND) of [¹¹C]MPDX was significantly lower in elderly than in young subjects, both in the putamen and head of the caudate nucleus. The BP(ND) was negatively correlated with age in both the putamen and the head of the caudate nucleus. However, no difference was found between the DVR of [¹¹C]TMSX in the striata of young and elderly subjects, nor was there a correlation between age and the DVR of [¹¹C]TMSX. The effect of age on the distribution of A₁Rs in the human striatum described herein is similar to previous reports of age-related decreases in dopamine D₁ and D₂ receptors. Unlike A₁Rs, however, this study suggests that the distribution of A(2A) Rs does not change with age.
Nb-based superconducting tunnel junctions with β-Ta trapping layers for photon detectors (2003)

We have successfully fabricated Nb-based superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) with β-Ta trapping layers. In an Nb/ β-Ta stacked structure, β-Ta film showed the thickness dependence of critical temperature T c in current-voltage (I-V) characteristics due to the proximity effect from Nb films. We fabricated Nb-based STJs with β-Ta trapping layers for X-ray detector working at 0.4 K. We obtained an energy resolution of 52 eV for 5.9 keV X-ray irradiation at 0.4 K. We expect a high energy resolution by optimizing the thickness of β-Ta trapping layers and improving the fabrication process.
Nanoparticle Surface Engineering with Heparosan Polysaccharide Reduces Serum Protein Adsorption and Enhances Cellular Uptake (2022)

Nanoparticle modification with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a widely used surface engineering strategy in nanomedicine. However, since the artificial PEG polymer may adversely impact nanomedicine safety and efficacy, alternative surface modifications are needed. Here, we explored the "self" polysaccharide heparosan (HEP) to prepare colloidally stable HEP-coated nanoparticles, including gold and silver nanoparticles and liposomes. We found that the HEP-coating reduced the nanoparticle protein corona formation as efficiently as PEG coatings upon serum incubation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the protein corona profiles. Heparosan-coated nanoparticles exhibited up to 230-fold higher uptake in certain innate immune cells, but not in other tested cell types, than PEGylated nanoparticles. No noticeable cytotoxicity was observed. Serum proteins did not mediate the high cell uptake of HEP-coated nanoparticles. Our work suggests that HEP polymers may be an effective surface modification technology for nanomedicines to safely and efficiently target certain innate immune cells.
Low resistance screen-printed Ag contacts to POCl&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt; emitters with low saturation current density for high efficiency Si solar cells (2012)

The silicon (Si) PV industry recognizes the value of phosphorus (P) emitters with low saturation current density (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0e</sub> ) for ability to produce high final cell open circuit voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> ). However, emitters of such quality, which usually display low surface phosphorus concentration ([P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">surface</sub> ]) are notoriously difficult to contact using traditional screen-printed silver (Ag) thick film pastes. Here, we tailored P emitter profiles via POCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> diffusion to create solar cell emitters displaying low J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0e</sub> values of 67 - 148 fA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and variable electrically active [P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">surface</sup> ] of 0.5E20 - 2.0E20 atoms/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> in order to study the conditions necessary for low resistance contact to such emitters without appreciably deviating from industrial process conditions. Using a screen-printable Ag conductor paste tailored to contact low [P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">surface</sub> ] emitters, we show fill factor (FF) as high as 80% while maintaining V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> as high as 637 mV on tailored emitters with low J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0e</sub> . This results in average solar cell efficiencies of 18.6% with a best efficiency of 18.8%. Series resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SERIES</sub> ) analysis revealed that contact resistance was the major resistive component dictating final R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SERIES</sub> and FF. Finally, microstructural SEM analysis of the Ag/Si contact interface suggested that thin interfacial glass films and extensive Ag precipitate/crystallite surface coverage may explain how such high FF can be attained on emitters with low J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0e</sub> and low [P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">surface</sub> ].
Length- and Defect-Dependent Fluorescence Efficiencies of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

Using near-infrared fluorescence videomicroscopy with spectrally selective excitation and imaging, more than 400 individual (10,2) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been studied in unsorted liquid dispersions. For each nanotube, the spatially integrated emission intensity was measured under controlled excitation conditions while its length was found either from direct imaging or from the diffusion coefficient computed by analyzing its Brownian motion trajectory. The studied nanotubes ranged in length from 170 to 5300 nm. For any length, a wide variation in emission intensities was observed. These variations are attributed to differing densities of nanotube imperfections that cause fluorescence quenching. The brightest nanotubes at each length (presumed near-pristine) show total emission nearly proportional to length. This implies a nearly constant fluorescence quantum yield and a constant absorption cross section per carbon atom, validating conventional Beer-Lambert analysis for finding concentrations of SWCNT species. Ensemble-averaged emission is also proportional to length, but at only ca. 40% of the near-pristine values. Further research is needed to investigate the extrinsic effects causing wide variation in quantum yields and assess their implications for SWCNT fluorimetry.
Use of Ultrashort Columns for Therapeutic Protein Separations. Part 1: Theoretical Considerations and Proof of Concept (2020)

Due to the particular elution mechanism observed with large solutes (e.g., proteins) in liquid chromatography, column length has less impact in controlling their retention compared to small solutes. Moreover, long columns-in theory-just broaden the peaks of large solutes since a great part of the column only acts as void (extra) volume. Such a theory suggests that using very short columns should result in comparable separation quality versus using long columns and make it possible to perform faster (high-throughput) analyses. Therefore, the elution behavior of various therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and their fragments (25-150 kDa) has been investigated using modern instrumentation and column formats. The possibilities offered by narrow-bore columns packed with state-of-the-art 2.7 μm superficially porous particles with 5, 50, 100, and 150 mm lengths have been compared. In particular, the impact of gradient steepness and column length on separation efficiency was evaluated. Using 5 mm × 2.1 mm columns, it has become possible to separate antibody fragments and antibody-drug conjugate species in less than 30 s. Such fast methods can be very useful for high-throughput screening purposes in biopharmaceutical industries.
Dynamical hologram generation for high speed optical trapping of smart droplet microtools (2012)

This paper demonstrates spatially selective sampling of the plasma membrane by the implementation of time-multiplexed holographic optical tweezers for Smart Droplet Microtools (SDMs). High speed (>1000fps) dynamical hologram generation was computed on the graphics processing unit of a standard display card and controlled by a user friendly LabView interface. Time multiplexed binary holograms were displayed in real time and mirrored to a ferroelectric Spatial Light Modulator. SDMs were manufactured with both liquid cores (as previously described) and solid cores, which confer significant advantages in terms of stability, polydispersity and ease of use. These were coated with a number of detergents, the most successful based upon lipids doped with transfection reagents. In order to validate these, trapped SDMs were maneuvered up to the plasma membrane of giant vesicles containing Nile Red and human biliary epithelial (BE) colon cancer cells with green fluorescent labeled protein (GFP)-labeled CAAX (a motif belonging to the Ras protein). Bright field and fluorescence images showed that successful trapping and manipulation of multiple SDMs in x, y, z was achieved with success rates of 30-50% and that subsequent membrane-SDM interactions led to the uptake of Nile Red or GFP-CAAX into the SDM.
A multi‐objective performance modelling framework for enabling self‐optimisation of cellular network topology and configurations (2016)

Abstract Cellular system optimisation, a cornerstone of cellular systems paradigm, requires new focus shift because of the emergence of plethora of new features shaping the cellular landscape. These features include self‐organising networks with added flavours of heterogeneity of cell sizes and base station types, adaptive antenna radiation patterns, energy efficiency, spatial homogeneity of service levels and focus shift from coverage to capacity. Moreover, to effectively tackle spatiotemporal dynamics of network conditions, a generic low‐complexity framework to quantify the key facets of performance, that is, capacity, quality of service and energy efficiency of the various network topology configurations (NTC), is needed for enabling self‐organising networks empowered cellular system optimisation on the fly. In this paper, we address this problem and present a performance characterisation framework that quantifies the multiple performance aspects of a given heterogeneous NTC through a unified set of metrics that are derived as function of key optimisation parameters and also present a cross comparison of a wide range of potential NTCs. Moreover, we propose a low‐complexity heuristic approach for holistic optimisation of future heterogeneous cellular systems for joint optimality in the multiple desired performance indicators. The performance characterisation framework also provides quantitative insights into the new tradeoffs involved in optimisation of emerging heterogeneous networks and can pave the way for much needed further research in this area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Enaminones in a multicomponent synthesis of 4-aryldihydropyridines for potential applications in photoinduced intramolecular electron-transfer systems (2012)

An efficient three component reaction with enaminones, primary amines and aldehydes resulted in easy access to 1,4-dihydropyridines with different substituents at the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions. Microwaves improved the reaction yield, reducing also considerably the reaction time and the amount of solvent used. Chiral primary amines gave chiral 1-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridines. The 4-(1-naphthyl) and 4-(phenanthren-9-yl)dihydropyridine derivatives exhibited an interesting photoluminescence behavior, which suggests their potential application as suitable photoinduced intramolecular electron-transfer systems.
The Efficacy of Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Closed Incisions in Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (2020)

Compared with conventional non-NPWT dressings, prophylactic application of NPWT is associated with significantly fewer surgical site complications including SSI, seroma, wound dehiscence and wound necrosis for closed breast incisions.
Transfer of Xanthomonas campestris pv. arecae, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum to Xanthomonas vasicola (Vauterin) as Xanthomonas vasicola pv. arecae comb. nov., and Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum comb. nov. and description of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum pv. nov (2019)

The "Ca2+ switch" model with cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells is useful in studying the biogenesis of epithelial polarity and junction formation and provides insight into early steps in the morphogenesis of polarized epithelial tissues. When extracellular Ca2+ in the medium is changed from less than 5 microM to 1.8 mM, MDCK cells rapidly change from a nonpolarized state exhibiting little cell-cell contact (with the apical membrane and junctional proteins largely within the cell) to a polarized state with well-formed tight junctions and desmosomes. To examine the role of intracellular Ca2+ in the development of polarity and junctions, we made continuous spectrofluorimetric measurements of intracellular Ca2+ during the "switch," using the fluorescent indicator fura-2. Intracellular Ca2+ increased greater than 10-fold during the switch and gave a complex pattern of increase, decrease, and stabilization. In contrast, intracellular pH [monitored with 29,79-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF)] did not change during the period studied. When intracellular Ca2+ curves in several cells were compared, considerable heterogeneity in the rate of increase of intracellular Ca2+ levels and in peak levels was evident, perhaps reflecting the heterogeneity among cells in establishing junctions and polarity. The heterogeneity of the process was confirmed by digital imaging of intracellular Ca2+ and was present even in a "clonal" line of MDCK cells, indicating the heterogeneity was intrinsic to the process and not simply a function of slight genetic variation within the population of MDCK cells. In pairs of cells that had barely established cell-cell contact, often one cell exhibited a much greater increase in intracellular Ca2+ than the other cell in the pair. At the site of cell-cell contact, an apparent localized change (an increase over the basal level) in intracellular Ca2+ was frequently present and occasionally appeared to extend beyond the point of cell-cell contact. Since the region of cell-cell contact is also the site where junctions form and where vesicles containing apical membranes fuse during the development of polarity, we postulate a role for global and local changes in intracellular Ca2+ in these events.