gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo dynamic light scattering measurements of red blood cell aggregation (2007)

The tendency of red blood cells (RBCs) to aggregate is considered to be a critical biological activity, which contributes to blood viscosity. The ability to assess blood viscosity parameters non-invasively can play an important role in a variety of fields of medicine. Toward achieving this goal, we have attempted to follow the kinetics of red blood cell's aggregation process non-invasively. In this work, we have generated the optical signals of RBC aggregation and have studied them both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> utilizing a dynamic light scattering (DLS) approach. The system was built and calibrated, first <i>in vitro</i> by using micro-sphere suspensions of known particle sizes and subsequently <i>in vitro</i>, on a sample of whole blood. Time dependent behavior of a function expressed in terms of autocorrelation of light intensity fluctuations was analyzed. The correspondence between <i>in vitro </i>aggregation tests and in vivo results was revealed and is explained in terms of modified diffusion theory and WKB approximation for light scattering mediated by aggregates. Therefore, we have demonstrated the applicability of a DLS based technique for the non-invasive measurement of blood particle sizes and blood viscosity.
Probing the cell delivery of synthetic diubiquitin chains (2022)

In this study, the live-cell delivery of structurally different synthetic diubiquitin chains was examined.
Mode of action of thiocoraline, a natural marine compound with anti-tumour activity (1999)

Thiocoraline, a new anticancer agent derived from the marine actinomycete Micromonospora marina, was found to induce profound perturbations of the cell cycle. On both LoVo and SW620 human colon cancer cell lines, thiocoraline caused an arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle and a decrease in the rate of S phase progression towards G2/M phases, as assessed by using bromodeoxyuridine/DNA biparametric flow cytometric analysis. Thiocoraline does not inhibit DNA-topoisomerase II enzymes in vitro, nor does it induce DNA breakage in cells exposed to effective drug concentrations. The cell cycle effects observed after exposure to thiocoraline appear related to the inhibition of DNA replication. By using a primer extension assay it was found that thiocoraline inhibited DNA elongation by DNA polymerase alpha at concentrations that inhibited cell cycle progression and clonogenicity. These studies indicate that the new anticancer drug thiocoraline probably acts by inhibiting DNA polymerase alpha activity.
Nonlinear characteristics of the hysteretic magnetoresistance of a hybrid nanomagnetic field-effect transistor (2008)

We analyze the influence of applied source-drain bias (Vsd) on the magnetoresistance (MR) of a field-effect transistor (FET) whose gate is formed by a nanoscale magnet. Using an external magnetic field to modulate the fringing magnetic fields that emanate into the channel of the hybrid FET from its gate, we observe a strongly hysteretic MR that is suppressed by the application of Vsd. Our analysis suggests that the effect of Vsd is to reduce the effective barrier in the channel and that the tunneling/activated MR is quenched due to the associated increase in carrier transmission.
Pricing strategies for viral marketing on Social Networks (2009)

We study the use of viral marketing strategies on social networks to maximize revenue from the sale of a single product. We propose a model in which the decision of a buyer to buy the product is influenced by friends that own the product and the price at which the product is offered. The influence model we analyze is quite general, naturally extending both the Linear Threshold model and the Independent Cascade model, while also incorporating price information. We consider sales proceeding in a cascading manner through the network, i.e. a buyer is offered the product via recommendations from its neighbors who own the product. In this setting, the seller influences events by offering a cashback to recommenders and by setting prices (via coupons or discounts) for each buyer in the social network. Finding a seller strategy which maximizes the expected revenue in this setting turns out to be NP-hard. However, we propose a seller strategy that generates revenue guaranteed to be within a constant factor of the optimal strategy in a wide variety of models. The strategy is based on an influence-and-exploit idea, and it consists of finding the right trade-off at each time step between: generating revenue from the current user versus offering the product for free and using the influence generated from this sale later in the process. We also show how local search can be used to improve the performance of this technique in practice.
Development of Radio-over-Fiber Systems and Their Applications for Public Infrastructures (2020)

Seamless convergence between radio and optical fiber networks is indispensable for achieving such advanced radio access schemes as 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems. Radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology is a promising solution to efficiently convert radio signals into optical signals in a physical layer and vice versa. RoF systems have already been installed as compensation for radio dead zones on metro subway lines, mountain areas, high-rise buildings, and so on. The advantages of the RoF are based on a low loss feature of optical fibers, the broad bandwidth capacity of the optical signals, and low immunity to existing radio services due to the encapsulation of radio signals into optical carriers. In this paper, we introduce RoF technology following millimeter-wave and terahertz-wave signal generation empowered by a photonics technique and its application to such public infrastructure as high-speed railway and radio-relay systems.
Multicolor Three-Dimensional Tracking for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements (2018)

Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) remains a widely utilized and powerful tool for quantifying heterogeneous interactions and conformational dynamics of biomolecules. However, traditional smFRET experiments either are limited to short observation times (typically less than 1 ms) in the case of "burst" confocal measurements or require surface immobilization which usually has a temporal resolution limited by the camera framing rate. We developed a smFRET 3D tracking microscope that is capable of observing single particles for extended periods of time with high temporal resolution. The confocal tracking microscope utilizes closed-loop feedback to follow the particle in solution by recentering it within two overlapping tetrahedral detection elements, corresponding to donor and acceptor channels. We demonstrated the microscope's multicolor tracking capability via random walk simulations and experimental tracking of 200 nm fluorescent beads in water with a range of apparent smFRET efficiency values, 0.45-0.69. We also demonstrated the microscope's capability to track and quantify double-stranded DNA undergoing intramolecular smFRET in a viscous glycerol solution. In future experiments, the smFRET 3D tracking system will be used to study protein conformational dynamics while diffusing in solution and native biological environments with high temporal resolution.
Western versus asian types of multiple sclerosis: Immunogenetically and clinically distinct disorders (1996)

The polymorphism of HLA-DRB1, -DRB3, and -DRB5 genes as well as magnetic resonance images of the brain and spinal cord were studied in 57 Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty-three patients clinically displayed selective involvement of the optic nerve and spinal cord and were classified as having Asian-type MS. The other 34 patients had disseminated central nervous system involvement and were classified as having Western-type MS. Patients with Asian-type MS had fewer brain lesions shown by magnetic resonance imaging, but more gadolinium-enhanced spinal cord lesions than did patients with Western-type MS (47% vs 17%). Furthermore, the DR2-associated DRB1*1501 allele and DRB5*0101 allele were associated with Western-type MS (41.2%), but not with either Asian-type MS (0%) or healthy control subjects (14.2%). Heterogeneity in the immunogenetic background and in the magnetic resonance imaging features between the two subtypes of MS thus suggests the presence of two etiologically distinct diseases in Asians.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Source of Chlorodifluoromethyl Radicals. Convergent Routes to gem‐Difluoroalkenes and ‐dienes and (2,2‐Difluoroethyl)indoles, ‐azaindoles, and ‐naphthols. (2014)

Abstract An efficient transformation of a diverse range of alkene derivatives (II) and (VI) to chlorodifluoromethyl derivatives (IV) and (VII) is developed using the addition reaction of chlorodifluoromethyl radicals generated from xanthogenate (I).
Differences in Hydrogenase Gene Expression between <i>Methanosarcina acetivorans</i> and <i>Methanosarcina barkeri</i> (2009)

Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A encodes three putative hydrogenases, including one cofactor F(420)-linked (frh) and two methanophenazine-linked (vht) enzymes. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of these putative hydrogenases to those of Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanosarcina mazei shows that each predicted subunit contains all the known residues essential for hydrogenase function. The DNA sequences upstream of the genes in M. acetivorans were aligned with those in other Methanosarcina species to identify conserved transcription and translation signals. The M. acetivorans vht promoter region is well conserved among the sequenced Methanosarcina species, while the second vht-type homolog (here called vhx) and frh promoters have only limited similarity. To experimentally determine whether these promoters are functional in vivo, we constructed and characterized both M. acetivorans and M. barkeri strains carrying reporter gene fusions to each of the M. acetivorans and M. barkeri hydrogenase promoters. Generally, the M. acetivorans gene fusions are not expressed in either organism, suggesting that cis-acting mutations inactivated the M. acetivorans promoters. The M. barkeri hydrogenase gene fusions, on the other hand, are expressed in both organisms, indicating that M. acetivorans possesses the machinery to express hydrogenases, although it does not express its own hydrogenases. These data are consistent with specific inactivation of the M. acetivorans hydrogenase promoters and highlight the importance of testing hypotheses generated by using genomic data.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Perfluorinated Vinyl Ether Monomers: Synthesis of Perfluoro(alkoxyalkanoyl) Fluorides from Non‐Fluorinated Compounds. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Uremic Serum and Solutes Increase Post-Vascular Interventional Thrombotic Risk Through Altered Stability of Smooth Muscle Cell Tissue Factor (2012)

Background—Stent thrombosis (ST), a postinterventional complication with a mortality rate of 50%, has an incidence that rises precipitously in patients at risk. Chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease have emerged as particularly strong ST risk factors, yet the mechanism remains elusive. Tissue factor (TF) is a crucial mediator of injury-related thrombosis and has been implicated for ST. We posit that uremia modulates TF in the local vessel wall to induce postinterventional thrombosis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods and Results—As a model of the de-endothelialized, postinterventional state, we exposed primary human vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) pretreated with uremic serum (obtained from ESRD patients on hemodialysis) to coronary-like blood flow. vSMC TF expression, activity, stability, and posttranslational modification were examined after vSMCs were treated with uremic serum or solutes. We found significantly greater clot formation after uremic serum exposure, which was substantially reduced with the prior treatment with anti-TF neutralizing antibody. Uremic sera induced 2- to 3-fold higher TF expression and activity in vSMCs independent of diabetes mellitus. Relevant concentrations of isolated uremic solutes such as indole-3-acetic acid (3.5 μg/mL), indoxyl sulfate (25 μg/mL), and uric acid (80 μg/mL) recapitulated these effects in cell culture and the flow loop model. We show further that TF undergoes ubiquitination at baseline and that uremic serum, indole-3-acetic acid, and indoxyl sulfate significantly prolong TF half-life by inhibiting its ubiquitination. Conclusions—The uremic milieu is profoundly thrombogenic and upregulates vSMC TF levels by increasing TF stability and decreasing its ubiquitination. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time that the posttranslational regulation of TF in uremia may have a causative role in the increased ST risk observed in uremic patients. These data suggest that interventions that reduce vSMC TF may help to prevent ST and that uremic solutes should be considered as novel risk factors for ST in patients with chronic renal failure.
Use of Polyclonal Antibodies to Identify Mycoplasma‐like organisms (MLOs) From the Sudan and from Thailand (1994)

Abstract Rabbit polyclonal antibodies prepared against faba bean phyllody MLO from the Sudan reacted with its homologous antigen and with extracts of Catharanthus roseus experimentally infected with the same or a related MLO from Crotalaria saltiana showing symptoms of phyllody disease, as well as with extracts of naturally MLO‐infected C. saltiana growing in the field in the Sudan. The antibodies also reacted positively with extracts of C. roseus experimentally infected with Crotalaria juncea phyllody MLO and soybean phyllody MLO from Thailand. Polyclonal antibodies prepared against an MLO associated with witches' broom disease in C. juncea reacted positively in ELISA tests with homologous antigen extracts from naturally infected C. juncea as well as with extracts from experimentally infected C. roseus and with extracts prepared from Sesamum indicum plants with phyllody symptoms growing in Thailand. There was no reaction between these antibodies and extracts from C. roseus plants infected with the MLOs associated with C. juncea phyllody or with soybean phyllody. No cross reactions were observed among the antigens and antibodies of the two MLO groups by immunoflorescence, ELISA or western blotting. However, the molecular weight of the principal protein antigen, determined by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and western blotting was the same for both types of MLO. Serologically‐similar MLOs thus occur in the Sudan and in Thailand, where they are associated with phyllody symptoms in C. saltiana and faba bean and with C. juncea and soybean, respectively. A second, serologically distinct MLO group was also found infecting C. juncea and S. indicum in Thailand but MLOs from this group have not yet been identified in crops from the Sudan.
Throughput analysis of selective cell discard schemes in transport layer over ATM networks (2002)

In transport layer protocols over ATM networks, a packet is discarded when one or more cells are lost in that packet, and the destination node then requires its source to retransmit the corrupted packet. Therefore, once one of cells constituting a packet is lost, its subsequent cells of the corrupted packet waste network resources. In this paper, we propose the throughput analysis in transport layer with selective cell discard schemes and selective repeat ARQ. In the analysis, we suppose that sources steadily generate cells due to the packet retransmission; the resulting state will be referred to as source saturation, which makes the analysis very tractable from a computational point of view. Through some numerical results, we can clarify the impacts of the average number of packet length, the buffer size and the number of sources on the throughput performance of selective cell discard schemes.
Modulation Photon Transfer (2009)

Discussions to this point have assumed that a flat-field light source is used to stimulate the detector. This chapter develops PT relations for nonuniform light sources, such as a sinusoidal stimulus. Results derived in this chapter provide significant insight and quantification of S/N performance for images in general, which is discussed in Chapter 10.
Engineering an aligned endothelial monolayer on a topologically modified nanofibrous platform with a micropatterned structure produced by femtosecond laser ablation (2016)

A monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) aligned along the direction of blood flow plays crucial roles in the regulation of anti-thrombogenic and pro-inflammatory reactions in the blood vessel wall. Thus, many researchers have attempted to mimic the aligned structure of ECs in vascular grafts or tissue-engineered blood vessels. In the present study, we fabricated micro-groove patterned nanofibers using a femtosecond laser ablation technique to recapitulate the densely organized anisotropic architecture of the endothelial layer. Femtosecond laser ablation enabled us to generate high-resolution groove patterns (10 μm width) with 20 or 80 μm gaps on randomly oriented electrospun nanofibers. The patterned nanofibers exhibited anisotropic (transverse: 101.1 ± 4.0° and longitudinal: 123.5 ± 9.4°) water contact angles; however, the mechanical properties were consistent in both directions. The micropatterned nanofibers modulated the aligned structure or aspect ratio (20 μm: 0.23 ± 0.11 and 80 μm: 0.42 ± 0.18) of ECs along the pattern direction. In particular, the engineered aligned endothelial layer was effective in eliciting an anti-inflammatory response (approximately 50% greater than that of random or aligned nanofibers), thereby effectively preventing monocyte adhesion following activation by TNF-α treatment. Therefore, micropatterning by laser ablation can be utilized to generate high-resolution microgrooves on various substrates, thereby providing fundamental platforms for vascular tissue engineering.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Mesomeric Betaines. Part 5. Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reactions of Hetero Derivatives of the 2‐Methylene‐1,2‐dihydro‐1,3‐phenalenylene Dianion. (1989)

Abstract Conjugated heterocyclic mesomeric betaines such as (IV), which are isoconjugate with the 2‐methylene‐1,2‐dihydro‐1,3‐phenalenylene dianion, are prepared by base treatment of the salt (III).
bAdvertisement: Attacking Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems Using Print Advertisements (2022)

In this paper, we present bAdvertisement, a novel attack method against advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs). bAdvertisement is performed as a supply chain attack via a compromised computer in a printing house, by embedding a "phantom" object in a print advertisement. When the compromised print advertisement is observed by an ADAS in a passing car, an undesired reaction is triggered from the ADAS. We analyze state-of-the-art object detectors and show that they do not take color or context into account in object detection. Our validation of these findings on Mobileye 630 PRO shows that this ADAS also fails to take color or context into account. Then, we show how an attacker can take advantage of these findings to execute an attack on a commercial ADAS, by embedding a phantom road sign in a print advertisement, which causes a car equipped with Mobileye 630 PRO to trigger a false notification to slow down. Finally, we discuss multiple countermeasures which can be deployed in order to mitigate the effect of our proposed attack.
Crystal structure of 2β,3β-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-2a-chlorobicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-5-ene, C7H7(SO2C6H5)2Cl (2000)

C19H17CIO4S2, triclinic, P\ (N0. 2), a = 7.6408(6) , b = 9.8837(8) , = 13.108(1) , = 74.165(7), = 89.418(4), = 71.472(1), V= 899.8 3 , Z= 2, R & (F) = 0.071, wR(F) = 0.075, = 293 .
Wave-number space response of a near periodically ribbed shell (1997)

Employing near-field acoustic holography measurements, the wave-number space response of a ribbed shell to a point drive is investigated. The data show the dominance of flexural vibration in the mid-frequency range, and demonstrate the prominent role played by the eigensolutions of the periodic structure. The supersonic region of frequency–wave-number space is examined in detail and the fast membrane waves, although suppressed in level relative to the subsonic bending waves, provide a clear highlight in this domain at frequencies below the first radiating flexural passband. The results are also examined in kz−kφ space for several frequencies. This representation enables an interpretation of the results in terms of the slowness surface of the flexural waves and provides a simple explanation for the various complex beaming and focusing phenemena which occur in this system.
WISP-1 attenuates p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage through activation of the Akt kinase (2002)

WISP-1 (Wnt-1-induced secreted protein) was identified as an oncogene regulated by the Wnt-1-beta-catenin pathway. WISP-1 belongs to the CCN family of growth factors, which are cysteine-rich, heparin-binding, secreted proteins associated with the extracellular matrix, and can interact with cellular integrins. Expression of WISP-1 in some cells results in transformation and tumorigenesis. Here it is shown that WISP-1 can activate the antiapoptotic Akt/PKB signaling pathway. It also is demonstrated that WISP-1 can prevent cells from undergoing apoptosis following DNA damage through inhibition of the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and up-regulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-X(L). Furthermore, the results show that WISP-1 protects cells from p53-dependent cell death, but not Fas-ligand activated cell death, suggesting that there may be cross talk between the tumor suppressor protein p53 and WISP-1 signaling pathways. WISP-1 acts to block cell death at a late stage in the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway.