gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A perspective on surrogate endpoints in controlled clinical trials (2004)

The last couple of decades have seen a large amount of activity in the area of surrogate marker and surrogate endpoint validation, both from a clinical and a statistical perspective. Prentice made a pivotal contribution in the context of a single trial. Subsequently, the framework he proposed has been discussed, criticized, and extended. An important class of extensions considers several rather than a single trial. Recently, a lot of work has been done in this so-called hierarchical or meta-analytic framework. In this paper, we review both the single trial and the hierarchical framework. A number of applications, scattered throughout the literature, are brought together. We outline the statistical issues involved in trying to validate surrogate endpoints. Clearly statistical evidence should only be seen as a component in a decision making process that also involves a number of clinical and biological considerations.
Local Application of Mineral-Coated Microparticles Loaded With VEGF and BMP-2 Induces the Healing of Murine Atrophic Non-Unions (2022)

Deficient angiogenesis and disturbed osteogenesis are key factors for the development of nonunions. Mineral-coated microparticles (MCM) represent a sophisticated carrier system for the delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of VEGF- and BMP-2-loaded MCM (MCM + VB) with a ratio of 1:2 improves bone repair in non-unions. For this purpose, we applied MCM + VB or unloaded MCM in a murine non-union model and studied the process of bone healing by means of radiological, biomechanical, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques after 14 and 70 days. MCM-free non-unions served as controls. Bone defects treated with MCM + VB exhibited osseous bridging, an improved biomechanical stiffness, an increased bone volume within the callus including ongoing mineralization, increased vascularization, and a histologically larger total periosteal callus area consisting predominantly of osseous tissue when compared to defects of the other groups. Western blot analyses on day 14 revealed a higher expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vice versa reduced expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in bone defects treated with MCM + VB. On day 70, these defects exhibited an increased expression of erythropoietin (EPO), EPO-receptor and BMP-4. These findings indicate that the use of MCM for spatiotemporal controlled delivery of VEGF and BMP-2 shows great potential to improve bone healing in atrophic non-unions by promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis as well as reducing early osteoclast activity.
The interaction between physical activity and obesity gene variants in association with BMI: Does the obesogenic environment matter? (2020)

Little is known about how obesity susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interact with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in relation to BMI during adolescence, once obesogenic neighborhood factors are accounted for. In race stratified models, including European (EA; N=4977), African (AA; N=1726), and Hispanic Americans (HA; N=1270) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1996; ages 12-21), we assessed the evidence for a SNP × MVPA interaction with BMI-for-age Z score, once accounting for obesogenic neighborhood factors including physical activity amenities, transportation and recreation infrastructure, poverty and crime. Eight SNP × MVPA interactions with suggestive significance (p<0.10; three in each EA, and AA, two in HA) were observed showing attenuation on BMI-for-age Z score in adolescents with ≥ 5 versus < 5 bouts/week MVPA, except for rs10146997 (near NRXN3). Findings were robust to the inclusion of neighborhood-level variables as covariates. These findings suggest that any attenuation from MVPA on a genetic susceptibility to obesity during adolescence is likely not operating through obesogenic neighborhood factors.
Measurement of Thermal Noise for 100nm-MOSFET And Its Modeling (2003)

1. Research Target The thermal noise (TN) is becoming important as RF application of MOSFETs is becoming realistic. However, to achieve accurate measurement is still a serious task, and thus to realize its accurate modeling is also an urgent task for accurate simulation of RF-circuits. Our aim is to investigate the origin of observed TN enhancement, and to develop its model based on the origin, which can be even used for testing and supplementing measurements. The thermal noise is independent of applied frequency. Thus the Nyquist theorem describes the spectral intensity of the TN current ( id S ) of a MOSFET at temperature T [1, 2]
Transduodenal Ampullectomy for Ampullary Adenomas: A Safe and Effective Procedure with Long-term Salutary Outcomes (2014)

With widespread use of endoscopy, ampullary adenomas are more frequently identified, many of which are not amenable to endoscopic resection. Pancreatoduodenctomy is curative for these lesions but carries high morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of transduodenal ampullectomy for these lesions. Data were collected on 32 patients who underwent transduodenal ampullectomy from 2002 to 2010. The median age of patients was 64 years. Adenomas were found because of abdominal pain in 34 per cent, jaundice in 22 per cent, and incidentally on endoscopic screening in 16 per cent and on computed tomography scan of the abdomen in 9 per cent. All patients had a preoperative diagnosis of premalignant disease; 6 per cent required intraoperative conversion to pancreaticoduodenectomy after frozen section evaluation documented carcinoma. Of ampullectomies, 97 per cent had clear margins. Follow-up was 28 months. Four (13%) patients developed recurrent disease at 4 years, 2 years, 1.5 years, and 4 months; all had clear margins at ampullectomy and underwent subsequent pancreaticoduodenectomy with invasive malignancy in a single patient. After preoperative biopsy documenting premalignant disease, malignancy at ampullectomy is unusual. Recurrence is uncommon but occurs even with clear margins necessitating diligent follow-up; even with diligent follow-up, recurrence can be malignant.
Boron-Oxygen Defects in Compensated p-Type Czochralski Silicon (2009)

The extent of formation of the well-known boron-oxygen defect has been measured in deliberately compensated p-type Czochralski silicon. Both the defect concentration and the defect formation rate confirm recent results showing that the amount of boron-oxygen defects formed is determined by the net doping p0=NA-ND, rather than the total boron concentration NA. The presence of boron-phosphorus pairs has been postulated previously as a possible explanation for this effect. However, we find that the existence of such pairs is not consistent with measurements of the majority carrier mobility, and the crossover point of interstitial iron/iron-boron pairs in compensated silicon. However, whatever the cause of the reduced impact of oxygen-boron defects in compensated silicon, the implications for solar cells made with compensated feedstock are positive.
Continuous Dark Chocolate Consumption Affects Human Facial Skin Surface by Stimulating Corneocyte Desquamation and Promoting Bacterial Colonization. (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Nutrition can influence skin health. Dark chocolate possesses health promoting properties, but its consumption can exacerbate acne vulgaris in young people. <b>Objective:</b> We evaluated effects of continuous dark chocolate intake on morphological characteristics of the residual skin surface components (RSSCs) collected from the facial skin of young and middle-aged men. <b>Methods:</b> RSSC samples were taken from 17 young and 16 middle-aged men before and after a four-week consumption period of dark chocolate (10g per day). Lipid droplet size, corneocyte desquamation, and microbial presence levels were measured in the collected RSSC. The project was registered as ISRCTN89815519 in the ISRCTN registry (https://www.isrctn.com/). <b>Results:</b> Chocolate consumption caused a significant increase in corneocyte desquamation only in the group of young men, whereas Gram-positive microorganism presence significantly increased in both the young and middle-aged men, though this effect was noticeably stronger in the young men. <b>Conclusion:</b> Dark chocolate consumption appears to affect the facial skin of young men by enhancing corneocyte desquamation and promoting bacterial colonization of the RSSC. These changes might potentially contribute to acne development.
Slag material's proportion optimised by polynomial regression (2012)

Mixed activator agent for granulated blast furnace slag cementitious materials with potential hydraulic properties was prepared for tailings backfilling and optimised by the orthogonal test method and the Data Processing System analysis. The effects of lime, gypsum and cement clinker content on the 7 days compressive strength were investigated. Range and variance analysis, and quadratic polynomial step regression were used for analysing and optimising the formulation of the mixed activator agent. The optimised cementitious material contained 5% cement clinker, 15% lime and 4% gypsum. As a result, the maximum measured 7 days compressive strength was 2·79 MPa, which is 4·5 times higher than Portland cement (CEM I 32.5R). The difference between measured and predicted strength values was 4·5%, signifying good method applicability for slag cementing materials design.
Supplementary Figure from Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Immunotherapy with TLR9 Activation and Anti-OX40 Antibody Eradicates Metastatic Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Immunotherapy with TLR9 Activation and Anti-OX40 Antibody Eradicates Metastatic Cancer
First results on MIRAS calibration and overall SMOS performance (2010)

After the successful launching of the SMOS satellite, the first continuous streams of data are being processed and carefully analyzed in the frame of the SMOS In-Orbit Commissioning phase. Results regarding instrument calibration parameters retrieval, both internal and external, and brightness temperature imaging are presented. Images of ocean, ice and land are given as examples.
HMPV infection in BEAS-2B cells results in the formation of branched filamentous networks and intercellular extensions. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;(A) HMPV infected BEAS-2B cells at 18 or 24 h.p.i., were fixed and processed for immunofluorescence staining. White arrows indicate intercellular extensions, red arrowheads indicate branched viral filaments and white arrowheads indicate viral filaments. Scale bars = 10 μm. (B) HMPV infected BEAS-2B cells at 48 h.p.i. were fixed, processed for immunofluorescence and stained with antibodies for HMPV N or P. Scale bar = 50 μm. (C) BEAS-2B cells were inoculated with PIV5 and at 48 h.p.i. cells were fixed, processed for immunofluorescence and stained with antibody against the F protein of PIV5. Arrow indicates an intercellular extension in a PIV5-infected cell and inset shows filaments. Scale bar = 10 μm. (D) BEAS-2B cells were inoculated with HMPV at M.O.I. of 3, and at 24 h.p.i; cells were fixed and stained with the plasma membrane marker WGA and immunostained for HMPV N. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Table showing range and average diameter of filaments and intercellular extensions. Images were taken for a total of 100 HMPV-infected cells and imageJ analysis tool was used to determine the diameter of branched filaments and intercellular extensions. (F) Cells were inoculated with HMPV, and 24h later, cells were processed for Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) and stained with an anti-N antibody (green) and an anti-M antibody (red). Inset shows filaments with a central core of N protein surrounded by matrix protein. Scale bar = 1 μm. (G) BEAS-2B cells were inoculated with rgHMPV at an M.O.I. of 2, and at different times post infection, cells or culture media were collected and virus titers determined. Graph shows mean ± SD for three independent experiments.&lt;/p&gt;
Molecular design of light-harvesting photosensitizers: effect of varied linker conjugation on interfacial electron transfer (2016)

Interfacial electron transfer dynamics of a series of photosensitizers bound to TiO2via linkers of varying conjugation strength are explored by spectroscopic and computational techniques. Injection and recombination depend on the extent of conjugation in the linker, where the LUMO delocalization determines the injection dynamics but both the HOMO and HOMO-1 are involved in recombination.
Random Access in Wireless Networks With Overlapping Cells (2010)

We study cellular-like wireless networks in which the cells may overlap substantially, and a common channel is used for all cells. Thus, transmissions intended for one destination (or base station) can cause interference at neighboring destinations. We assume the use of a ¿collision-channel¿ model, in which arbitrary communication and interference regions are associated with each destination. The interaction between such cells is best exemplified if the protocol of access in each cell is pure random access, i.e., Slotted Aloha. We derive a mathematical formula for the maximum achievable throughput for multiple-cell networks that satisfy a ¿balance¿ condition, which is related to (but not as stringent as) symmetry. This formula implies that the throughput achieved in a cell is affected only by the degree of overlap with adjacent cells, i.e., a cell's throughput is not affected by transmissions that are outside of its interference region. Moreover, we show that, at the point of maximum throughput, the expected channel traffic is one packet per slot in each cell, an extension of the result obtained many years ago for single-destination networks.
Therapeutic Perspectives for Inflammation and Senescence in Osteoarthritis Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Senolytic Agents (2023)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of disability worldwide among the elderly. Alarmingly, the incidence of OA in individuals less than 40 years of age is rising, likely due to the increase in obesity and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). In recent years, due to a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of OA, several potential therapeutic approaches targeting specific molecular pathways have been identified. In particular, the role of inflammation and the immune system has been increasingly recognized as important in a variety of musculoskeletal diseases, including OA. Similarly, higher levels of host cellular senescence, characterized by cessation of cell division and the secretion of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) within the local tissue microenvironments, have also been linked to OA and its progression. New advances in the field, including stem cell therapies and senolytics, are emerging with the goal of slowing disease progression. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a subset of multipotent adult stem cells that have demonstrated the potential to modulate unchecked inflammation, reverse fibrosis, attenuate pain, and potentially treat patients with OA. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of MSC extracellular vesicles (EVs) as cell-free treatments that comply with FDA regulations. EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, are released by numerous cell types and are increasingly recognized as playing a critical role in cell-cell communication in age-related diseases, including OA. Treatment strategies for OA are being developed that target senescent cells and the paracrine and autocrine secretions of SASP. This article highlights the encouraging potential for MSC or MSC-derived products alone or in combination with senolytics to control patient symptoms and potentially mitigate the progression of OA. We will also explore the application of genomic principles to the study of OA and the potential for the discovery of OA phenotypes that can motivate more precise patient-driven treatments.
Electric Field Exposure Activates Immunocytes: Evidence for Calcium Dependency (1994)

The controversy concerning the health effects of electric field exposure, such as electromagnetic radiation (EMF), exists because of the apparent subtle effects it may cause on living tissues and organisms as noted by the inconclusive results of many investigations. Rather than follow the traditional approach of studying whole-body systems, we have examined the acute effect of electric field exposure on the immunocytes of Mytilus edulis. The results show that an in vitro electric field produced by direct current can enhance immunocyte activation and conformational change followed by locomotion, whereas repeated continuous exposure results in eventual death. EMF appears to enhance membrane permeability to calcium, which can be prevented in low electric fields by the calcium channel antagonist nimopidine. Since nimopidine protects the cells from EMF, it suggests that this form of radiation causes cell death by inducing the influx of calcium.
Time course of the changes in right and left ventricle function and associated factors after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (2017)

After ASD closure, RV global function might be impaired. In elderly patients and patients with a large shunt, impairment of LV contractility developed until 6 months after closure. Close long-term observation is required after closure, especially in old-age patients with a large shunt.
Development of an efficient route for combined recycling of PET and cotton from mixed fabrics (2017)

Most textile waste is either incinerated or landfilled today, yet, the material could instead be recycled through chemical recycling to new high-quality textiles. A first important step is separation since chemical recycling of textiles requires pure streams. The focus of this paper is on the separation of cotton and PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyester) from mixed textiles, so called polycotton. Polycotton is one of the most common materials in service textiles used in sheets and towels at hospitals and hotels. A straightforward process using 5–15 wt% NaOH in water and temperature in the range between 70 and 90 °C for the hydrolysis of PET was evaluated on the lab-scale. In the process, the PET was degraded to terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG). Three product streams were generated from the process. First is the cotton; second, the TPA; and, third, the filtrate containing EG and the process chemicals. The end products and the extent of PET degradation were characterized using light microscopy, UV-spectroscopy, and ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, as well as solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the cotton cellulose degradation was evaluated by analyzing the intrinsic viscosity of the cotton cellulose. The findings show that with the addition of a phase transfer catalyst (benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC)), PET hydrolysis in 10% NaOH solution at 90 °C can be completed within 40 min. Analysis of the degraded PET with NMR spectroscopy showed that no contaminants remained in the recovered TPA, and that the filtrate mainly contained EG and BTBAC (when added). The yield of the cotton cellulose was high, up to 97%, depending on how long the samples were treated. The findings also showed that the separation can be performed without the phase transfer catalyst; however, this requires longer treatment times, which results in more cellulose degradation.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Malonamide Derivatives as α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> Antagonists. Syntheses and Evaluation of 3‐(3‐Indolin‐1‐yl‐3‐oxopropanoyl)aminopropanoic Acids on Vitronectin Interaction with α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inertial flow of a dilute suspension over cavities in a microchannel (2016)

Microfluidic experiments and discrete particle simulations using the lattice-Boltzmann method are used to study interactions of finite size hard spheres and vortical flow inside confined cavities in a microchannel. The work focuses on entrapment of particles inside confined cavities and particle dynamics after entrapment. Numerical simulations and imaging of fluorescent tracers demonstrate that spiralling flow generates exchange of fluid mass between the vortical flow and the channel, contrary to the concept of a well-defined separatrix in unconfined cavities. An isolated finite size particle entrapped in the cavity migrates towards a stable orbit, i.e. a limit cycle trajectory. The topology of the limit cycle depends on cavity size, particle diameter and flow inertia, represented by Reynolds number. By studying various factors affecting the acceleration of a particle before entrapment, it is discussed that entrapment is a collective effect of flow morphology and particle dynamics. The effect of hydrodynamic interaction between particles inside the cavity, which results in deviation from the stable limit cycle orbit and depletion of cavities, will also be discussed. It is shown that a wall-confined microcavity entraps particles based on particle size, therefore it provides a platform for microfiltration.
Avaliação in vitro de um novo filtro de veia cava In vitro evaluation of a new vena cava filter (2005)

Objective: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new low-profile vena cava filter in the retention of emboli in an in vitro model. Method: The filter consists of two cones connected at the apexes. The distal cone is comprised of eight stainless steel arms with a purpose of retaining emboli and the proximal cone, made of four arms, acts as an anchor to centralize the filter. Filters were installed and fixed inside three systems using transparent PVC tubes of different sizes (internal diameters of 25, 30 and 35 mm) that were held in a vertical position and connected to a pulsating flow system (peristaltic pump). A reservoir of 0.9% saline solution with 40% glycerin at room temperature was used as the vehicle. Thrombi were made from bovine blood in 3-mm, 4-mm, 5-mm and 6-mm plastic tubes and later the thrombi were sectioned into 10-mm, 15-mm, 20-mm and 30-mm lengths. Each of the 12 sizes of thrombi was assessed 100 times in each of the three systems, with a total of 3,600 events. Five emboli were sequentially released, 10 for each size of embolus and tube, with a total of 360 events. An evaluation of the capacity of the three systems ‐ 100 events each, total of 300 events ‐ to dynamically retain the emboli was made. Results: The diameter and length of the emboli, as well as tubes greater than 35 mm in diameter can negatively affect the efficacy of the filter. The average of emboli capture for the filters was 80.5% in 35-mm tubes, 88.7% for 30-mm tubes and 86.6% for 25-mm tubes. Conclusion: We conclude that the efficacy of this filter is influenced by the size of the emboli and the diameter of the PVC tubes.