gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluency detection on communication networks (2016)

When considering a social media corpus, we often have access to structural information about how messages are flowing between people or organizations. This information is particularly useful when the linguistic evidence is sparse, incomplete, or of dubious quality. In this paper we construct a simple model to leverage the structure of Twitter data to help determine the set of languages each user is fluent in. Our results demonstrate that imposing several intuitive constraints leads to improvements in performance and stability. We release the first annotated data set for exploring this task, and discuss how our approach may be extended to other applications.
Murine Model Imitating Chronic Wound Infections for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy (2016)

It is generally acknowledged that the age of antibiotics could come to an end, due to their widespread, and inappropriate use. Particularly for chronic wounds alternatives are being thought. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (APDT) is a potential candidate, and while approved for some indications, such as periodontitis, chronic sinusitis and other niche indications, its use in chronic wounds is not established. To further facilitate the development of APDT in chronic wounds we present an easy to use animal model exhibiting the key hallmarks of chronic wounds, based on full-thickness skin wounds paired with an optically transparent cover. The moisture-retaining wound exhibited rapid expansion of pathogen colonies up to 8 days while not jeopardizing the host survival. Use of two bioluminescent pathogens; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa permits real time monitoring of the pathogens. The murine model was employed to evaluate the performance of four different photosensitizers as mediators in Photodynamic Therapy. While all four photosensitizers, Rose Bengal, porphyrin TMPyP, New Methylene Blue, and TLD1411 demonstrated good to excellent antimicrobial efficacy in planktonic solutions at 1 to 50 μM concentrations, whereas in in vivo the growth delay was limited with 24-48 h delay in pathogen expansion for MRSA, and we noticed longer growth suppression of P. aeruginosa with TLD1411 mediated Photodynamic Therapy. The murine model will enable developing new strategies for enhancement of APDT for chronic wound infections.
Pulsovar diversity and cluster distribution of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in 2009–2014 for strains belonging to serovars 1/2a and 4b&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Pulsovar diversity and cluster distribution of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in 2009–2014 for strains belonging to serovars 1/2a and 4b&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0164283#t002fn001" target="_blank"&gt;*&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
The local intracoronary administration of methylene blue prevents the pronounced antiarrhythmic effect of ischaemic preconditioning (1992)

Short periods of coronary artery occlusion (2 x 5 min) markedly reduce the severity of arrhythmias and the changes in ST-segment elevation and in the degree of inhomogeneity of conduction during a subsequent 25 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in anaesthetized dogs. These changes were completely reversed if methylene blue (5 mg min-1) was infused into a side branch of the coronary artery throughout both the preconditioning and prolonged occlusions. These results suggest that the pronounced antiarrhythmic effects of preconditioning result from activation of guanylyl cyclase and result in increased levels of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate.
Mitochondrial Hyperfusion during Oxidative Stress Is Coupled to a Dysregulation in Calcium Handling within a C2C12 Cell Model (2013)

Atrial Fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia worldwide harming millions of people every year. Atrial Fibrillation (AF) abruptly induces rapid conduction between atrial myocytes which is associated with oxidative stress and abnormal calcium handling. Unfortunately this new equilibrium promotes perpetuation of the arrhythmia. Recently, in addition to being the major source of oxidative stress within cells, mitochondria have been observed to fuse, forming mitochondrial networks and attach to intracellular calcium stores in response to cellular stress. We sought to identify a potential role for rapid stimulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial hyperfusion in acute changes to myocyte calcium handling. In addition we hoped to link altered calcium handling to increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-mitochondrial contacts, the so-called mitochondrial associated membrane (MAM). We selected the C2C12 murine myotube model as it has previously been successfully used to investigate mitochondrial dynamics and has a myofibrillar system similar to atrial myocytes. We observed that rapid stimulation of C2C12 cells resulted in mitochondrial hyperfusion and increased mitochondrial colocalisation with calcium stores. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission by transfection of mutant DRP1K38E resulted in similar effects on mitochondrial fusion, SR colocalisation and altered calcium handling. Interestingly the effects of 'forced fusion' were reversed by co-incubation with the reducing agent N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC). Subsequently we demonstrated that oxidative stress resulted in similar reversible increases in mitochondrial fusion, SR-colocalisation and altered calcium handling. Finally, we believe we have identified that myocyte calcium handling is reliant on baseline levels of reactive oxygen species as co-incubation with NAC both reversed and retarded myocyte response to caffeine induced calcium release and re-uptake. Based on these results we conclude that the coordinate regulation of mitochondrial fusion and MAM contacts may form a point source for stress-induced arrhythmogenesis. We believe that the MAM merits further investigation as a therapeutic target in AF-induced remodelling.
Quantum Science with Ultracold Rydberg Atoms. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Self-Correcting Pattern Recognition System of Surface EMG Signals for Upper Limb Prosthesis Control (2014)

Pattern recognition methods for classifying user motion intent based on surface electromyography developed by research groups in well-controlled laboratory conditions are not yet clinically viable for upper limb prosthesis control, due to their limited robustness in users' real-life situations. To address this problem, a novel postprocessing algorithm, aiming to detect and remove misclassifications of a pattern recognition system of forearm and hand motions, is proposed. Using the maximum likelihood calculated by a classifier and the mean global muscle activity of the forearm, an artificial neural network was trained to detect potentially erroneous classification decisions. This system was compared to four previously proposed classification postprocessing methods, in both able-bodied and amputee subjects. Various nonstationarities were included in the experimental protocol to account for challenges posed in real-life settings, such as different contraction levels, static and dynamic motion phases, and effects induced by day-to-day transfers, such as electrode shifts, impedance changes, and psychometric user variability. The improvement in classification accuracy with respect to the unprocessed classifier ranged from 4.8% to 31.6%, depending on the scenarios investigated. The system significantly reduced misclassifications to wrong active classes and is thus a promising approach for improving the robustness of hand prosthesis controllability.
Membrane Active Small Molecules Show Selective Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Activity with No Detectable Resistance and Eradicate Biofilms (2015)

Treating bacterial biofilms with conventional antibiotics is limited due to ineffectiveness of the drugs and higher propensity to develop bacterial resistance. Development of new classes of antibacterial therapeutics with alternative mechanisms of action has become imperative. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of novel membrane-active small molecules featuring two positive charges, four nonpeptidic amide groups, and variable hydrophobic/hydrophilic (amphiphilic) character. The biocides synthesized via a facile methodology not only displayed good antibacterial activity against wild-type bacteria but also showed high activity against various drug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), and β-lactam-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Further, these biocides not only inhibited the formation of biofilms but also disrupted the established S. aureus and E. coli biofilms. The membrane-active biocides hindered the propensity to develop bacterial resistance. Moreover, the biocides showed negligible toxicity against mammalian cells and thus bear potential to be used as therapeutic agents.
Packaging principle: How DNA methylation and histone acetylation control the transcriptional activity of chromatin (1998)

Chromatin contains DNA, the transcriptional machinery, and structural proteins such as histones. All these components together are necessary for the physiologic control of transcription. A consideration of recent advances leads to a packaging principle for gene regulation. This packaging principle states that the transcriptional activity of a gene is largely controlled by the packaging of the template within chromatin. This assumption follows from experiments that establish the covalent modification of chromatin as a major causal influence on gene activity. DNA methylation and histone acetylation alter the nucleosomal infrastructure to repress or activate transcription. These covalent modifications can have roles in both promoter-specific events and the global control of chromosomal activity. These regulatory functions are essential for vertebrate development.
Minimum supply voltage for bulk Si CMOS GSI (1998)

Limits on energy dissipation are investigated for bulk Si CMOS circuits at each node of the 1997 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS). Physical, continuous and smooth MOSFET Transregional drain current models that consider high-field effects in scaled devices, and permit trade-offs between saturation drive current and subthreshold leakage current are described and employed to model CMOS circuit performance and power dissipation at low voltages. The Transregional models are used in conjunction with physical threshold voltage roll-off models and stochastic interconnect distributions, at performances, chip sizes and transistor counts forecast by the 1997 NTRS, to project optimal supply and threshold voltages, minimizing total energy dissipated by CMOS logic circuits. Techniques exploiting datapath parallelism to further reduce supply voltage are shown to offer decreasing reductions in power dissipation with technology scaling.
The Demethylating Agent 5-Aza Reduces the Growth, Invasiveness, and Clonogenicity of Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma (2014)

We demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that demethylating agents such as 5-Aza may be promising chemotherapeutic agents for treating melanoma and decreasing progression to metastatic disease. These results provide proof of concept for an exciting potential therapy to reduce mortality from this disease. Future work will focus on identifying pathways that mediate these changes.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Oxidative Processes in Steroid Chemistry (2012)

Abstract Review: 190 refs.
Evaluation of Foil Bearing Performance and Nonlinear Rotordynamics of 120kW Oil-Free Gas Turbine Generator (2013)

This paper presents design approach of air foil bearings (AFBs) for 120kWe gas turbine generator, which is a single spool configuration with gas generator turbine and alternator rotor connected by a diaphragm coupling. Total four radial AFBs support the two rotors, and one set of double acting thrust foil bearing is located inside the gas generator turbine. The rotor configuration results in eight degree of freedom (DOF) rotordynamic motions, which are two cylindrical modes and two conical modes from the two rotors. Stiffness of bump foils of candidate AFB was estimated from measured structural stiffness of the bearing, and implemented to computational model for linear stiffness and damping coefficients of the bearing and frequency-domain modal impedances for cylindrical and conical modes. Stiffness of the diaphragm coupling was evaluated using finite element analysis and implemented to non-linear rotordynamic analyses of entire engine. Analyses show conical mode of turbine rotor is the main source of instability of entire engine when AFB clearance is not selected properly. Optimum AFB clearance is suggested from frequency domain modal analyses and nonlinear transient analyses.
Monitoring Gold Nanoparticle Growth in Situ via the Acoustic Vibrations Probed by Four-Wave Mixing (2017)

We monitor in situ gold nanoparticle growth in aqueous solution by probing the acoustic vibrations with four-wave mixing. We observe two acoustic vibrational modes of gold nanoparticles from the nonlinear optical response: an extensional mode with longitudinal expansion and transverse contraction and a breathing mode with radial expansion and contraction. The mode frequencies, which show an inverse dependence on the nanoparticle diameter, allow one to monitor the nanoparticle size and size distribution during synthesis. The information about the nanoparticle size and size distribution calculated on the basis of the mode frequencies agrees well with the results obtained from the electron microscopy analysis, validating the four-wave mixing technique as an accurate and effective tool for in situ monitoring of colloidal growth.
Shape Representation by Zippable Ribbons (2017)

Shape fabrication from developable parts is the basis for arts such as papercraft and needlework, as well as modern architecture and CAD in general, and it has inspired much research. We observe that the assembly of complex 3D shapes created by existing methods often requires first fabricating many small flat parts and then carefully following instructions to assemble them together. Despite its significance, this error prone and tedious process is generally neglected in the discussion. We propose an approach for shape representation through a single developable part that attaches to itself and requires no assembly instructions. Our inspiration comes from the so-called zipit bags, which are made of a single, long ribbon with a zipper around its boundary. In order to "assemble" the bag, one simply needs to zip up the ribbon. Our method operates in the same fashion, but it can be used to approximate any shape. Given a 3D model, our algorithm produces plans for a single 2D shape that can be laser cut in few parts from flat fabric or paper. We can then attach a zipper along the boundary for quick assembly and disassembly, or apply more traditional approaches, such as gluing and stitching. We show physical and virtual results that demonstrate the capabilities of our method and the ease with which shapes can be assembled.
In vitro activity of organometallic complexes of Ir, Pt and Rh on Trypanosoma b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense and T. b. brucei. (1991)

A series of organometallic drugs were tested in a photometric in vitro assay for trypanocidal activity against the three subspecies of the Trypanosoma brucei group. Trypanosoma b. rhodesiense, T. b. gambiense and T. b. brucei displayed a similar sensitivity pattern. The following IC50 values (drug concentration inhibiting decrease of extinction by 50%) could be determined: IrCl6 (IV)-Pentamidine (1.5 ng/ml), IrCl6(IV)-Ro15-0216 (10 micrograms/ml), PtBr6-Metamidium (30 micrograms/ml), PtBr6(IV)-Benznidazole (20 micrograms/ml), PtBr6(IV)-Ro15-0216 (50 micrograms/ml), cis-Pt(II)-Pentamidine (0.1 micrograms/ml), Rh(I)-COD-Pentamidine (5-10 ng/ml), Rh(I)-COD-Benznidazole (10 micrograms/ml), Rh(III)-Ethylxanthate (30 micrograms/ml) and Pt(II)-Pentamidine-cis-Pt(II)(Pentamidine)(Cl)2 (2 ng/ml). The four Pentamidine complexes were the most active compounds and showed activities comparable to that of Pentamidine (IC50: 0.5 to 1 ng/ml). Since the toxicity of the Ir- and Pt-Pentamidine complexes is ten to twenty fold lower (400 to 1000 mg/kg) than that of Pentamidine (50 mg/kg), the complexes might be candidates for investigation as safer trypanocidal drugs.
TH‐A‐103‐04: Microcalcification and Mass Detection with a Photon‐Counting Si Detector for Low Dose Breast Computed Tomography (2013)

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of microcalcification and soft tissue lesion detection using an energy‐resolved photon‐counting detector based on Si strips for breast spectral computed tomography (CT). Methods: Simulations and experiments were performed with a prototype spectral CT system equipped with a Si‐based photon‐counting detector with energy discrimination capability and 0.1 mm pixel pitch. Simulations were performed according to the realistic experimental setup. The attenuation coefficient was computed from the linear combination of the individual linear attenuation coefficient of compositional elements. The detector was simulated with intrinsic pixel pitch along with 4×4 pixel binning for microcalcification and soft tissue lesion detection, respectively. In the experiment, two cylindrical phantoms of 13 mm in diameter were constructed from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyethylene (PE) plastic for microcalcification and soft tissue lesion detection, respectively. Five cylindrical holes were bored onto the PMMA phantom and filled with resin inserts, which contained five groups of calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) granules, ranging in sizes from 0.090 to 0.210 mm. Three holes of diameters of 1, 2, and 3 mm were bored into the PE phantom and filled with water, which represents the contrast between soft tissue lesion and adipose tissue background. The phantoms were imaged at 65 kVp with an Entrance Skin Air Kerma (ESAK) of 3 mGy. Images were also reconstructed at reduced dose levels by under sampling the full sinogram. Results: The simulated phantom images agree well with those from the experiment. microcalcifications of approximately 0.1 mm can be observed with the investigated prototype spectral CT system at ESAK of 1 mGy. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio of water in PE background was improved with 4×4 binning. Conclusion: The proposed Si strip detector is expected to offer superior image quality with the capability to detect microcalcifications and masses for low dose breast imaging.
Photoluminescence of Colloidal CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots: The Critical Effect of Water Molecules (2010)

An investigation of the photoinduced fluorescence enhancement (PFE) behavior of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots deposited at low densities, under anhydrous and controlled water humidity, under oxygen or argon, is presented. The photoluminescence properties of CdSe/ZnS QDs are highly dependent upon the local gaseous environment. Under anhydrous conditions, under either oxygen or argon, there was no observed PFE, even though there were remarkable differences in the photoluminescence spectra. Under argon, (i) the initial photoluminescence properties are independent of humidity level; however, (ii) the PFE effect observed is highly dependent on the environmental humidity levels. Under oxygen, (i) the initial photoluminescence properties (spectra and yield) are dependent on humidity levels and (ii) the PFE effect observed is highly dependent on the humidity levels. Comparing D2O versus H2O humidity level effects on the photoluminescence properties of CdSe/ZnS QDs provides evidence for a water-molecule-stabilized state that facilitates luminescence processes. The products of CdSe/ZnS QDs exposed under a humid oxygen environment were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Oxidation of both the CdSe core and the ZnS shell was established. Oxidation of the ZnS shell is suggested to be a result of reaction with peroxide products resulting from the oxygen radical anion. These results highlight the important sensitivity of QDs to water and prove the existence of competing electronic and chemical effects on different time scales.
Waveguiding in polycrystalline GaP grown on SiO2 by molecular beam deposition (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Gould, N. Thomas, R. Barbour, Y. Song, M. L. Lee, and K. Fu, "Waveguiding in polycrystalline GaP grown on SiO2 by molecular beam deposition," in CLEO: 2014, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper JTu4A.102. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
“Artificial magnetism” and low-loss negative-index metamaterials at telecommunication frequencies (2006)

We present metamaterials featuring “artificial magnetism” at telecommunication frequencies. The combination of cut-wire pairs as “magnetic atoms” and a diluted metal yields a negative refractive index at 1.4 µm wavelength, with a transmittance exceeding 50%.
Challenges faced when identifying patients for combination immunotherapy (2017)

In 1996, Jim Allison demonstrated that blocking the immune regulatory molecule CTLA-4 with anit-CTLA4 antibody led to enhance tumor responses in mice. It would take an additional 15 years for human studies to confirm the potency and clinical efficacy of anti-CTLA4, ultimately leading to US FDA approval of the first checkpoint inhibitor, ipilimumab. Now with a plethora of immune-modulating agents demonstrating single agent safety and benefit across many tumor types, investigation on the optimal combination of immune-based therapies has begun in earnest. While there are many challenges, a central one is how to select which combination for which patient is the best. Here we review the current approaches that a practitioner can use to achieve this therapeutic goal.
Novel Solutions of a Delta–Sigma-Based Rectifying Encoder (2017)

This brief presents novel low-complexity designs of rectifying encoders for direct processing of the first-order delta-sigma modulated pulse streams. The first solution consists of a D flip-flop and an XOR gate. The second solution incorporates a sign detector. Our results are compared and contrasted with theory and with results found in the literature such as waveform shapes and signal-to-noise ratios. Analytical models, numerical simulations, and experimental measurement results are presented.