gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coding of optical on-off-keying signals impaired by phase noise (2003)

The benefits of coding an optical communications system that employs binary on-off-keying heterodyne detection are shown. The system is impaired by laser phase noise as well as by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). A receiver structure especially designed to mitigate the effects of phase noise in the presence of AWGN is assumed. This special receiver structure requires a wider band front-end IF filter than would be required for a phase-noise-free signal. Results computed for several different coding schemes indicate that the benefits of coding are large and the costs are small. For a linewidth-to-bit-rate ratio of 0.64, a half-rate binary code that can correct three bit errors provides a 50% reduction in the required IF filter bandwidth (and therefore the required IF) and about 5 dB of reduction in required laser power. The benefits of coding are greatest under high- beta T conditions, corresponding to low bit rates, where coders and decoders are most practical to implement. The results obtained suggest the possibility that forward error correction could be used to improve the channel packing efficiency of FDMA (frequency division multiple access) networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Blood glucose monitoring in a regional secure unit (2007)

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Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Human RNA Binding Protein Gene <i>PNO1</i> (2004)

Present work reported the cloning and characterization of a human novel RNA binding gene Partner of NOB1 (PNO1), with a length of 1637bp and a putative open reading frame of 759 bp, isolated from human kidney. It is composed of seven exons and is localized on chromosome 2p14. Western blot showed that the molecular weight of PNO1 is about 35kDa. RT-PCR results in 16 human tissues indicated that PNO1 is expressed mainly in liver, lung, spleen and kidney, slightly in thymus, testis, ovary, respectively, but not in heart, brain, skeletal muscle, placenta, pancreas, prostate, small intestine, colon and peripheral blood leukocytes. GFP fusion expression in mammalian cells exhibited its localization in the nucleus, especially in nucleoli. Subcellular localization of thirteen GFP fusion PNO1 deletion proteins showed that the region of 92-230 aa is solely responsible for its nucleolar retention, and KH domain alone is not sufficient for nucleolar retention. The PNO1 family shows significant conservation in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Laser Raman Spectra of Crystalline Chloromercurate(II) Complexes (1975)

Abstract The laser Raman spectra of crystalline [(CH3)4N] HgCl3 and [(CH3)4N]2HgCl4 have been studied in the 400–20 cm−1 region. All expected Raman active modes for the HgCl3 − and HgCl4 −2 ions are observed and assignments of the vibrational frequencies are made in relation to the structure of the anions. Key Words: Laser Ramanchloromercurate(II) complexes
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Chitin induces accumulation in tissue of innate immune cells associated with allergy. (2007)

Allergic and parasitic worm immunity is characterized by infiltration of tissues with interleukin (IL)-4- and IL-13-expressing cells, including T-helper-2 cells, eosinophils and basophils. Tissue macrophages assume a distinct phenotype, designated alternatively activated macrophages. Relatively little is known about the factors that trigger these host responses. Chitin, a widespread environmental biopolymer of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, provides structural rigidity to fungi, crustaceans, helminths and insects. Here, we show that chitin induces the accumulation in tissue of IL-4-expressing innate immune cells, including eosinophils and basophils, when given to mice. Tissue infiltration was unaffected by the absence of Toll-like-receptor-mediated lipopolysaccharide recognition but did not occur if the injected chitin was pre-treated with the IL-4- and IL-13-inducible mammalian chitinase, AMCase, or if the chitin was injected into mice that overexpressed AMCase. Chitin mediated alternative macrophage activation in vivo and the production of leukotriene B(4), which was required for optimal immune cell recruitment. Chitin is a recognition element for tissue infiltration by innate cells implicated in allergic and helminth immunity and this process can be negatively regulated by a vertebrate chitinase. PMID: 17450126 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI030663 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 AI026918 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 AI040618 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI026918 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 AI026918-20
An affordable low-profile multifunction structure (ALMS) for an optoelectronic (OE) active array (2002)

Three leap-ahead technologies that can be combined into a design to make affordable shared-aperture active array radars are discussed. They are microwave multichip module (MCM) packaging, digital radar, and photonic signal manifolding and true time-delay beamsteering. It is noted that a photonic/MCM/digital radar system will provide a wide bandwidth, shared aperture radar that will be multifunctional and flexible, and one that can be reconfigured for use in a large number of applications. The 3-D design is compact and lightweight for use in conformal and/or embedded structures (smart skins) applications. The use of an all-digital type corporate transmit and receive feed system with a photonic manifold provides a flexible, fault and calibration tolerant configuration. The MCM design will provide subarray wafers that can be manufactured in a cost-effective manner and have high yield, very small size, minimum depth, light weight, and flexibility in mounting and assembly into large arrays, with high reliability and minimum maintainability support requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dependence of incommensurate phase formation on vacancy type in La-doped (Na1/2Ba1/2)TiO3 (2004)

Changes in structure and phase transition behavior are investigated for two types of La-doped sodium bismuth titanate ceramics. When A-site vacancies are formed by La incorporation, the phase transition near 200 °C becomes pronounced. Hysteresis loop and ε(T) demonstrate that the structure above 200 °C is the incommensurate antiferroelectric phase. In contrast, B-site vacancies produced by La doping do not contribute to the incommensurate phase. The origin for the formation of the incommensurate antiferroelectric state between the rhombohedral ferroelectric phase and tetragonal paraelectric phase is discussed in a view of decoupling effects due to the A-site vacancies.
Evidence for different origins of the magnetic field effect on current and electroluminescence in organic light-emitting diodes (2012)

An external magnetic field can change the current through an organic light-emitting diode and the luminance it emits. Existing models predict that both phenomena have the same behaviour and, therefore, a common origin; however, there are indications that they are not completely linked. As a direct proof, we measured the magnetic field effect in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes using Alq3 as emission layer. After successively adding blocking layers, we found a decrease of the magnetic field effect on the current, whereas the effect on the luminance remained at the same level. Thus, both effects can be separated from each other.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Binding Is Affected by Structural Determinants in the Toxin Domain of Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha-<i>Pseudomonas</i> Exotoxin Fusion Proteins (1989)

TGF-alpha-PE40 is a hybrid protein composed of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) fused to a 40,000-dalton segment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE40). This hybrid protein possesses the receptor-binding activity of TGF-alpha and the cell-killing properties of PE40. These properties enable TGF-alpha-PE40 to bind to and kill tumor cells that possess epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Unexpectedly, TGF-alpha-PE40 binds approximately 100-fold less effectively to EGF receptors than does native TGF-alpha (receptor-binding inhibition IC50 = 540 and 5.5 nM, respectively). To understand the factors governing receptor binding, deletions and site-specific substitutions were introduced into the PE40 domain of TGF-alpha-PE40. Removal of the N-terminal 59 or 130 amino acids from the PE40 domain of TGF-alpha-PE40 improved receptor binding (IC50 = 340 and 180 nM, respectively) but decreased cell-killing activity. Substitution of alanines for cysteines at positions 265 and 287 within the PE40 domain dramatically improved receptor binding (IC50 = 37 nM) but also decreased cell-killing activity. Similar substitutions of alanines for cysteines at positions 372 and 379 within the PE40 domain did not significantly affect receptor-binding or cell-killing activities. These studies indicate that the PE40 domain of TGF-alpha-PE40 interferes with EGF receptor binding. The cysteine residues at positions 265 and 287 of PE40 are responsible for a major part of this interference.
Development and Validation of an Occupant Lower Limb Finite Element Model (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;More than half of occupant lower extremity (LEX) injuries due to automotive frontal crashes are in the knee-thigh-hip (KTH) complex. To design the injury countermeasures for the occupant LEX, first the biomechanical and injury responses of the occupant LEX components during automotive frontal crashes should be known. The objective of this study is to develop a detailed biofidelic occupant LEX Finite Element (FE) model based on the component surfaces reconstructed from the medical image data of a 50&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; percentile male volunteer in a sitting posture. Both volumetric (unstructured) and structural mesh methods were used to generate the solid elements (mostly hexahedral type) to enhance the model simulation accuracy. The FE model includes the femur, tibia, fibula, patella, cartilage, ligaments, menisci, patella tendon, flesh, muscle, and skin. The constitutive material models and their corresponding parameters were defined based on literature data. The femur model was validated against the dynamic three-point bending and the quasi-static femur head compression tests. The leg model, including tibia and fibula, was validated against the combined axial compressive and bending loading tests. The predicted femur shaft three-point bending impact force time history, femur head compressed peak fracture force magnitude and the corresponding fracture location, and leg bending moments showed a good correlation with the test corridors and matched the test fracture locations well.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Combating viral contaminants in CHO cells by engineering STAT1 mediated innate immunity (2018)

Abstract Viral contamination in biopharmaceutical manufacturing can lead to shortages in the supply of critical therapeutics. To facilitate the protection of bioprocesses, we explored the basis for the susceptibility of CHO cells, the most commonly used cell line in biomanufacturing, to RNA virus infection. Upon infection with certain ssRNA and dsRNA viruses, CHO cells fail to generate a significant interferon (IFN) response. Nonetheless, the downstream machinery for generating IFN responses and its antiviral activity is intact in these cells: treatment of cells with exogenously-added type I IFN or poly I:C prior to infection limited the cytopathic effect from Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and Reovirus-3 virus (Reo-3) in a STAT1-dependent manner. To harness the intrinsic antiviral mechanism, we used RNA-Seq to identify two upstream repressors of STAT1: Gfi1 and Trim24. By knocking out these genes, the engineered CHO cells exhibited increased resistance to the prototype RNA viruses tested. Thus, omics-guided engineering of mammalian cell culture can be deployed to increase safety in biotherapeutic protein production among many other biomedical applications.
Strain and temperature characteristics of Brillouin spectra in optical fibers for distributed sensing techniques (2002)

Brillouin spectra along optical fibers were measured as a function of strain and temperature using an optical coherent detection method. The characteristics are promising as regards improving distributed strain and temperature measurement using Brillouin spectroscopy. We have presented the possibility of simultaneous distributed strain and temperature measurement along optical fibers, by evaluating the dependence of the spontaneous Brillouin frequency shift and Brillouin power on strain and temperature, which we measured using the optical coherent detection method. This means we will be able to develop a high performance OTDR for measuring strain, temperature and optical loss distribution along optical fibers.
Characterization, quantitation and evolution of monoepoxy compounds formed in model systems of fatty acid methyl esters and monoacid triglycerides heated at high temperature (1999)

Monoepoxy compounds formed after heating methyl oleate and linoleate, triolein and trilinolein at 180°C for 5, 10 and 15 hours, were characterized and quantitated after derivatization to fatty acid methyl esters by using two base-catalyzed procedures. Structures were identified by GC-MS before and after hydrogénation. A complete recovery of the epoxy compounds was obtained by comparing results from methyl oleate and linoleate before and after transesterification, and good repeatability was also attained. Similar amounts of epoxides were found for methyl esters and triglycerides of the same degree of unsaturation, although formation was considerably greater for the less unsaturated substrates, methyl oleate and triolein, possibly due to the absence of remaining double bonds in the molecule which would involve a lower tendency to participate in further reactions. On other hand, independently of the degree of unsaturation of the model systems and of the period of heating, significantly higher amounts of trans isomers were formed. Finally from comparison between the amounts of epoxides and the level of polar fatty acids in samples, it was deduced that monoepoxy compounds were one of the major groups formed under the conditions used.
Latcheck : A Latchup Checker For Vlsi Layouts (2005)

The success of a CMOS technology in the micrometer and submicrometer range strongly depends on its latchup susceptibility. Latchup stems from parasitic bipolar transistors which are structurally inherent to bulk CMOS process. These parasitic transistors can be activated in various ways and as technologies are scaled down, both in dimensions and in circuit delay, latchup susceptibilty increases. Under certain conditions the activated transistors can dominate circuit behaviour. However, with proper process and layout design, CMOS and BiCMOS chips can be operated under relatively harsh conditions without ever encountering latchup. In this paper we describe a latchup checker which works off VLSI layouts and reports sites which are susceptible to latchup. We have also outlined some layout guidelines for decoupling latchup triggering structures. The approach described here has been applied to VLSI layouts designed using Texas Instruments’ I .O micron BiCMOS EPIC process to detect locations of potential latchable structures. Experimental results of a case study are presented.
A Comparison of Cyclosporine Assays Using Sequential Samples from Selected Transplant Patients (1993)

s Third International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology: PDF Only
GMRT 610 MHz observations of galaxy clusters in the ACT equatorial sample (2019)

Abstract We present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) 610 MHz observations of 14 Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) clusters, including new data for nine. The sample includes 73 per cent of ACT equatorial clusters with M500 &amp;gt; 5 × 1014 M⊙. We detect diffuse emission in three of these (27$^{+20}_{-14}$ per cent): we detect a radio minihalo in ACT-CL J0022.2–0036 at z = 0.8, making it the highest redshift minihalo known; we detect potential radio relic emission in ACT-CL J0014.9–0057 (z = 0.533); and we confirm the presence of a radio halo in low-mass cluster ACT-CL J0256.5+0006, with flux density S610 = 6.3 ± 0.4 mJy. We also detect residual diffuse emission in ACT-CL J0045.9–0152 (z = 0.545), which we cannot conclusively classify. For systems lacking diffuse radio emission, we determine radio halo upper limits in two ways and find via survival analysis that these limits do not significantly affect radio power scaling relations. Several clusters with no diffuse emission detection are known or suspected mergers, based on archival X-ray and/or optical measures; given the limited sensitivity of our observations, deeper observations of these disturbed systems are required in order to rule out the presence of diffuse emission consistent with known scaling relations. In parallel with our diffuse emission results, we present catalogues of individual radio sources, including a few interesting extended sources. Our study represents the first step towards probing the occurrence of diffuse emission in high-redshift (z ≳ 0.5) clusters, and serves as a pilot for statistical studies of larger cluster samples with the new radio telescopes available in the pre-SKA era.
Coherent X-Ray Generation via Ultrafast Coster-Kronig Decay in Solid Targets Excited by Table-Top Lasers (2000)

New keV X‐ray laser schemes based on fast energy deposition (1–20 fs) and inner‐shell atomic processes are analyzed. It is shown that population inversion between inner‐shell vacancy levels of medium‐Z elements can be created using electron collisional ionization only, or also by using fast, incoherent X‐ray pumping if decay of lower level states is mediated by Coster‐Kronig or super‐Coster‐Kronig Auger decay. Because of such fast decay of the lower state, the L2M1 transitions of elements Z=22 to 32 are the most stable against collisional processes. We also describe here a state‐of‐the‐art chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser system capable to deliver >1 J optical energy in less than 25 fs with 10 Hz repetition rate. The design of sandwiched multilayer target structure and possible experimental configurations are suggested. Preliminary experimental results of ultrafast (∼25 fs), high intensity (>1019 W/cm2) excitation of layered metal targets show anomalous enhancement of specific Ti lines in the 2–14 run wavelength range.
&lt;title&gt;Multichannel image restoration based on a pseudo-block-diagonalized Wiener filter&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

In the present paper we propose a multichannel image restoration method based on a pseudo- block-diagonalized Wiener filter. The proposed algorithm assumes that a multichannel imaging system includes both intra and inter-channel degradation, and utilizes correlation information among channels in the restoration process. Three types of the spectrum estimation techniques are also proposed for implementing the proposed restoration algorithm. The proposed restoration method can be implemented in the Fourier transform domain, and it neither assumes spectral or spatial separability used by Hunt, nor computes the inverse of a huge block matrix.
B CELL, HELPER T CELL, AND SUPPRESSOR T CELL ABNORMALITIES CONTRIBUTE TO DISORDERED IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS IN PATIENTS FOLLOWING BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (1982)

The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the hypogammaglobulinemia that occurs in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation were studied using peripheral blood lymphocytes in an in vitro immunoglobulin biosynthesis assay. None of the nine marrow recipients between 2 and 15 months after transplantation produced normal amounts of IgG, IgA, or IgM in response to pokeweed mitogen (a T cell-dependent activator). However, three of these same patients responded to Epstein-Barr virus (a helper T cell- independent activator), suggesting that these three possessed responsive B cells. Cocultures of the marrow recipients' lymphocytes with lymphocytes from their respective donors or other normal subjects documented excessive suppressor cell activity in five cases. These suppressor cells frequently had profound activity (greater than 80% suppression of the immunoglobulin synthesis of cocultured normal cells), were predominantly radioresistant, and were T cells in the cases where analyzed. Helper T cell activity for immunoglobulin synthesis was not demonstrable in seven of the nine cases. In addition, four of the patients apparently possessed defective B cells. Although most patients had combined defects of several lymphocyte subpopulations, it appeared that either an isolated helper T cell or isolated B cell deficiency was sufficient to result in altered Ig synthesis. In this regard, two patients had demonstrable helper T cell defects with partially responsive B cells and no excessive suppressor activity. Interestingly, these two patients were experiencing a recurrence of their hypogammaglobulinemia following a period of normalized immunoglobulin levels. Thus, defects within all lymphocytic elements involved in the response and regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis were identified and may contribute to the humoral immunodeficiency which follows marrow transplantation.
Structure-guided design enables development of a hyperpolarized molecular probe for the detection of aminopeptidase N activity in vivo (2022)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a cutting-edge technique that markedly enhances the detection sensitivity of molecules using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This methodology enables real-time imaging of dynamic metabolic status in vivo using MRI. To expand the targetable metabolic reactions, there is a demand for developing exogenous, i.e., artificially designed, DNP-NMR molecular probes; however, complying with the requirements of practical DNP-NMR molecular probes is challenging because of the lack of established design guidelines. Here, we report Ala-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly-<i>d</i><sub>2</sub>-NMe<sub>2</sub> as a DNP-NMR molecular probe for in vivo detection of aminopeptidase N activity. We developed this probe rationally through precise structural investigation, calculation, biochemical assessment, and advanced molecular design to achieve rapid and detectable responses to enzyme activity in vivo. With the fabricated probe, we successfully detected enzymatic activity in vivo. This report presents a comprehensive approach for the development of artificially derived, practical DNP-NMR molecular probes through structure-guided molecular design.
Comprehensive analysis of Barkhausen emission spectra using pulse height analysis, frequency spectrum, and pulse wave form analysis (1993)

The dependence of magnetic Barkhausen emissions (MBE) upon both field excitation and detection frequencies and excitation wave form was studied in order to investigate two of several crucial factors which affect the emissions. Sinusoidal, triangular, and square wave forms were used to generate the MBE and the pulse height spectra, frequency spectra, and pulse wave forms of these signals were analyzed. The frequency spectra of sinusoidal and triangular alternating field excitations showed similar behavior but the spectrum under square wave excitation was different due to the existence of high frequency components during square wave switching. As yet, no common standard has been agreed upon for parameterization and representation of Barkhausen signals. It appears from this work that field excitation wave form and frequency should define the inputs, while detection frequency range, pulse height spectrum, frequency spectrum, and emitted pulse wave form analysis should be used to quantify the output.