gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic detachable auxiliary manipulator in endoscopic submucosal dissection: Animal model studY (2018)

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a difficult procedure due to lack of counter traction for unskilled endoscopists. Recently, auxiliary devices have been developed to alleviate the difficulties of ESD. We also developed new endoscopic technique using robotic manipulator. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic detachable auxiliary manipulator (EDAM) in vitro animal study. Methods: A novel robotic manipulator is composed of a control panel and a working arm, which grasp and move objects at the end of scope. A total of 40 porcine stomachs were used for the test. Endoscopists were classified as expert or novice. As a preliminary work, operation time and perforation rate of the experts and novices were recorded when ESD was performed by the conventional method. (C-Expert group, C-Novice group). The same experiment was performed using EDAM (M-Expert group, M-Novice group). During this procedure, robotic manipulator lifts up dissected tissue of stomach to make better visibility. The results were compared. Results: The safety of the operation was greatly improved when using the EDAM. Perforation rate of the EDAM method was significantly lower than that of the conventional method in the novice group. (10% vs 60%, P = 0.002) There was no significant difference between the conventional method and the EDAM in the operation time in the novice group. Conclusion: As a result of this In-vitro test, the EDAM significantly improved the safety of ESD in the case of the novice, with no increase in operation time.
Differentiation of stereochemistry of glycosidic bond configuration: Tandem mass spectrometry of diastereomeric cobalt-glucosyl-glucose disaccharide complexes (1996)

Configurations of glycosidic linkages (α or β) in a series of 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,6-glucosyl-glucose disaccharides were differentiated by tandem mass spectrometry. Diastereomeric octahedral complexes, [Co(+3) (acac)2/disaccharide](+), were generated in situ via fast-atom bombardment ionization. Mass-analyzed, ion kinetic energy spectra of the metastable complexes obtained in the absence of collision gas indicated that the major product ion results from the loss of an acetylacetonate ligand, which thus generates the ion [Co(+2)(acac)/disaccharide](+). Kinetic energy release measurements for this dissociation display a consistently greater value for complexes that possess an α-linked disaccharide relative to those that possess β-linked disaccharides, regardless of linkage position.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Mining Software Archives (2008)

Modern programming environments automatically collect lots of data on software development, notably changes and defects. The field of mining software archives is concerned with the automated extraction, collection, and abstraction of information from this data. This is the introduction to a special issue of IEEE Software presenting a selection of the exciting research that is taking place in the field.
Macroamylasaemia - a prognostic marker in a syndrome of malabsorption and complete villous atrophy? An uncommon clinical condition (1999)

We report a rare case of chronic persistent hyperamylasaemia secondary to macroamylasaemia in association with coeliac disease in a 56-year-old woman. Her symptoms, including macroamylasaemia, ebbed away following commencement of a gluten free diet. Only four cases of a similar nature have been described in the literature. The differential diagnosis of macroamylasaemia should include coeliac disease, and an awareness of this association might obviate a variety of unnecessary diagnostic investigations.
The role of ligand coordination on the cytotoxicity of cationic quantum dots in HeLa cells (2013)

The effect of ligand structure on the cytotoxicity of cationic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) was systematically investigated using mono- and bidentate ligands. Monothiol-functionalized QDs are more cytotoxic than dithiol-functionalized QDs.
Time reversal for wave refocusing and scatterer detection using machine learning (2018)

Conventional seismic migration and inversion are inherently limited in their ability to detect and characterize subsurface elements smaller than the seismic wavelength, such as faults, pinchouts, karsts, fractures, fluid contact, etc. However, those elements, playing an important role in seismic exploration and production, act as scattering objects, which can be effectively detected and positioned using the time reversal (TR) principle. We use TR to spatially localize subsurface sources in passive seismic scenarios and scatterers in active seismic surveys, both having the physical properties of a point diffractor. The method uses numerical back propagation of the time-reversed registered wavefield followed by an analysis of its obtained focusing, based on a supervised learning approach. In this novel approach, no imaging condition is applied. In addition, it does not require knowledge of the source wavelet and it accounts for multiple scattering. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated using synthetic and field examples.
Non intrusive stress and bowing estimation for rotating machinery (2016)

Structural health monitoring solutions are one of the core topics in engineering research. The introduction of innovative monitoring system and techniques for early stage malfunction detection have been studied to prevent system failures and to maintain the desired level of plant efficiency. In this framework, the concept of Virtual Sensing (VS) results to be extremely appealing, allowing to overcome the bottleneck of standard monitoring techniques related to unmeasurable system quantities. In the current research a Kalman Filter based algorithm is applied to investigate the health condition of rotating machinery, a fundamental component in several industrial sectors. The idea behind the approach described in this paper is to exploit the available vibration measurements, coupling them with a reduced order model of the system, to not only detect unpredicted forces acting on the system but also to quantify the resulting displacement and stresses induced on the structure.
Integrated Engineered Solution for Realtime Through-Tubing Remedial Sand Control (2019)

Abstract Coiled tubing (CT) sand cleanout has been a normal practice for offshore wells, and repeated cleanout runs will have to be done over the years to sustain production. It has been observed that the production period of these offshore wells has shortened significantly after each cleanout due to sand particles loading up in the production tubing at a faster rate. This production trend is typical for wells with no downhole sand control in the original completion. Various aspects in terms of well design and reservoir conditions have significantly increased the complexity of sand cleanout. This, for example, includes the large 9 5/8-in. casing section with small dual upper completions of 2 7/8-in. production tubing, a high angle with a long horizontal section, and severely drawn-down reservoirs. There were also previous findings on the well where cement pebbles were found on the production choke at surface contributing to higher risk during intervention. An integrated engineered solution was brought forward to successfully execute the CT sand cleanout job by capitalizing on both engineering and operational efficiencies. In terms of technical and engineering design, real-time fiber-optic downhole telemetry system, nitrified cleanout with a shear-thinning gel fluid that has superior suspension ability, and a milling tool for cement pebble cleanout were utilized. Operationally, an electrical submersible pumping (ESP) system capable of providing continuous supply of seawater and custom-built skidding beams for sand screen deployment purposes were also introduced for the first time for CT operations in southeast Asia that successfully improved operational efficiency and job safety. A remedial sand control solution was also used to improve production longevity after sand cleanout, without doing any major pull-tubing workover or sidetrack drilling. Either through-tubing sand screens or a sand agglomeration treatment technique was carefully chosen and deployed to address the sand load-up issue in these wells. This paper discusses the operations, challenges, and the key success factors that have contributed to a well-engineered CT cleanout and deployment of sand screen and sand agglomeration treatment.
Identification and Modeling of Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior in Analog Circuits (2004)

This paper presents a new approach for identifying nonlinear dynamic behavior in analog circuits. The approach facilitates the creation of models that more accurately reflect the dynamic behavior of a circuit. It has been used in a fully automated, behavioral modeling tool,Ascend, that starts from the netlist description of the circuit and generates differential algebraic equation (DAE) based behavioral models. The underlying modeling approach is overviewed to provide a context for this research. Some demonstrative test results illustrate the effectiveness of the new method.
Seasonal and interannual variations in the fatty acid composition of adult Euphausia superba Dana, 1850 (Euphausiacea) samples derived from the Scotia Sea krill fishery (2018)

The fatty acid content and composition of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Dana, 1850 were investigated using samples collected by a commercial fishing vessel. This dataset allowed comparison between seasons, years (2013–2016), and different fishing locations. Quantities of omega 3 fatty acids 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (mg/g dry mass; DM) were highest in autumn and decreased through winter to reach a spring low. Quantities of the flagellate marker 18:4n-3 and diatom marker 16:1n-7c were variable and did not display the same seasonal fluctuations. In summer, krill had high percentages (% total fatty acids) of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, total PUFA, and low 18:1n-9c/18:1n-7c ratios, indicating a more herbivorous diet. Krill became more omnivorous from autumn to spring, indicated by increasing ratios of 18:1n-9c/18:1n-7c and percentages of Σ 20:1 + 22:1 isomers. Bacterial fatty acids (Σ C15 + C17 + C19 isomers) were minor components year-round (0.9–1.8 %). Seasonal levels of herbivory and omnivory differed between years, and levels of specific fatty acid ratios differed between fishing locations. The fatty acid 18:4n-3 was a major driver of variability in krill fatty acid composition, with no obvious seasonal driver. This is the first study to report krill fatty acid data during all four seasons over consecutive years. This large-scale study highlights the value of using fisheries samples to examine seasonal and annual fluctuations in krill diet and condition.
Multi-spectral terahertz interferometric imaging based on a monolithic retroactive silicon chip (2017)

This paper presents a multi-spectral interferometric method to coherently emit and detect multiple terahertz tones on the same antenna equipped silicon chip without the need of external elements. The method consists of exploiting the reciprocal properties of optical, electromagnetic and electrical components of a silicon integrated terahertz harmonic oscillator allowing it to operate as a source and detector in the same time. We name this method retroactive detection or imaging in contrast with traditional active terahertz imaging systems where a distinct source and detector are needed, this retroactive approach eliminate the need of additional terahertz components. By detecting the reflected terahertz waves on a remote target, images of a coin surface are produced at 0.35 THz, 0.7 THz, 1.05 THz and 1.4 THz. The device operates at room temperature in a continuous-wave mode.
What Makes a Manual Look Easy to Use? (1991)

What makes a customer manual look attractive and easy to use? How do typeface, margins, tabs, color, style of headings, and so on, contribute to this perception? We believe that a manual that looks hard to use may discourage users from even trying to use it. Why struggle to make a manual accurate, well-written, and complete if users never turn to it in the first place? In the study reported here, eighteen subjects ranked six different customer manuals on nineteen dimensions, for example, use of color and overall attractiveness. The manuals were actual production manuals that were written to be used by full-time administrators of complicated electronic equipment. Analyses of the data clearly show that those features that help the user to find information (i.e., tabs, headings, and an impression of good organization) are important in determining judgments of perceived ease of use.
3-Oxo-6-thia-2-azabicyclo[2.2.0]hexanes: novel .beta.-lactams derived from penams (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Oxo-6-thia-2-azabicyclo[2.2.0]hexanes: novel .beta.-lactams derived from penamsFrank DiNinnoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 10, 3251–3252Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00478a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00478a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biochemical and Biophysical Studies of Reactive Center Cleaved Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (1996)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is a fast acting inhibitor of plasminogen activators (PAs). In accordance with other serpins, PAI-1 is thought to undergo a conformational change upon reactive center cleavage. In this study we have developed methods to produce and purify reactive center cleaved wild-type PAI-1 and characterized this molecular form of PAI-1 by biochemical and biophysical methods. Incubation with Sepharose-bound trypsin caused cleavage only at the P1-P1' bond in the reactive center and resulted in 39- and 4-kDa polypeptides, strongly held together by noncovalent interactions. Circular dichroism measurements suggest that the reactive center cleavage triggers larger conformational changes than the conversion from the active to the latent form. Cleaved PAI-1 did not bind to either PAs or vitronectin but retained the heparin-binding capacity. To study the structure of cleaved PAI-1 by polarized fluorescence spectroscopy and to measure intramolecular distances, we used cysteine substitution mutants to which extrinsic fluorescence probes were attached. These studies revealed increasing orientational freedom of probes in the P3 and P1' positions upon cleavage. Distance measurements based on fluorescence energy transfer between probes in positions P3 and P1' indicate that these residues are separated by at least 68 +/- 10 A in cleaved PAI-1.
Cardiac transcriptional and metabolic changes following thoracotomy (2020)

Non-cardiac surgery is associated with significant cardiovascular complications. Reported mortality rate ranges from 1.9% to 4% in unselected patients. A postoperative surge in pro-inflammatory cytokines is a well-known feature and putative contributor to these complications. Despite much clinical research, little is known about the biomolecular changes in cardiac tissue following non-cardiac surgery. In order to increase our understanding, we analyzed whole-transcriptional and metabolic profiling data sets from hearts of mice harvested two, four, and six weeks following isolated thoracotomy. Hearts from healthy litter-mates served as controls. Functional network enrichment analyses showed a distinct impact on cardiac transcription two weeks after surgery characterized by a downregulation of mitochondrial pathways in the absence of significant metabolic alterations. Transcriptional changes were not detectable four and six weeks following surgery. Our study shows distinct and reversible transcriptional changes within the first two weeks following isolated thoracotomy. This coincides with a time period, in which most cardiovascular events happen.
Administration of Pediococcus acidilactici or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii modulates development of porcine mucosal immunity and reduces intestinal bacterial translocation after Escherichia coli challenge1,2 (2008)

In this study, the influence of the probiotics, Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (SCB), on intestinal immune traits and resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection was evaluated in pigs. Two weeks before farrowing, 30 sows and their future litters were allocated to the following treatments: 1) control group without antibiotic or probiotic treatment (CTRL), 2) control with antibiotic (tiamulin) added to weanling feed (ABT), or litters treated with 3) PA, 4) SCB, or 5) PA+SCB from 24 h after birth. During lactation, PA, SCB, or PA+SCB were given to piglets 3 times a week by gavage. After weaning at 21 d of age, probiotics or ABT were added to the diet. Four pigs per litter were chosen to evaluate performance and blood concentrations of folic acid and vitamin B(12). Three of these were orally challenged with an ETEC strain on d 49 to 51 and killed on d 52. Three piglets from the rest of the litter were slaughtered on d 18 and 3 others on d 24. Blood, ileum, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) samples were taken to characterize leukocyte populations, determine IgA concentrations in ileal flushes, and evaluate bacterial translocation in MLN. No treatment effect on postweaning performance and on blood concentrations of folic acid and vitamin B(12) was observed. In the ileum, the percentage of CD4(-)CD8(+low) T cells was greater (P = 0.05) in 18-d-old nursed piglets treated with PA than in those of the CTRL and PA+SCB groups. In the MLN, the percentage of CD8(+) T cells was not affected by any of the treatments at d 18 and 24 but decreased (P = 0.006) after weaning. In the blood, CD8(+) T cells were not affected by treatments or weaning. After the ETEC challenge (d 52), bacterial translocation to MLN was reduced (P = 0.05) in pigs treated with PA, SCB, PA+SCB, or ABT compared with CTRL. No treatment effect was observed on blood leukocyte populations after ETEC challenge, although a time effect (d 42 vs. 52) indicated that blood CD4(+) and gammadelta-T lymphocytes were increased (P < 0.05) on d 52 compared with d 42, whereas CD4(-)CD8(+low) T lymphocytes and monocytes were markedly reduced (P < 0.01). Finally, the IgA concentration in ileal flushes collected on d 42 and 52 was greater in SCB and CTRL piglets than in ABT and PA piglets. In conclusion, probiotics may have the potential to modulate establishment of lymphocyte populations and IgA secretion in the gut and to reduce bacterial translocation to MLN after ETEC infection.
Reductive fractionation of woody biomass into lignin monomers and cellulose by tandem metal triflate and Pd/C catalysis (2016)

A catalytic process for the upgrading of woody biomass into mono-aromatics, hemi-cellulose sugars and a solid cellulose-rich carbohydrate residue is presented.
Castration-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in the Brown Norway Rat Prostate Decreases as a Function of Age1 (2000)

Growth and differentiation of the prostate gland depends upon androgens, yet overgrowth of the human prostate occurs later in life when serum levels of testosterone are declining. We have reported a similar phenomenon in the Brown Norway rat, but the age-dependent overgrowth of the prostate is confined to the dorsal and lateral lobes and, hence, is lobe specific. Because tissue growth depends upon the balance between proliferation and death of cells, the present study was designed to investigate whether cell death differed in the various prostatic lobes of Brown Norway rats as a function of age. Apoptosis of cells in the ventral, dorsal, lateral, and anterior lobes of the prostate was examined in young (4-month-old) and old (24-month-old) Brown Norway rats after castration. Whereas castration caused tissue weights of all four prostatic lobes to decrease over the course of 10 days, this occurred more rapidly and to a greater magnitude in the ventral than in the dorsal, lateral, and anterior lobes. Tissue DNA content, a measure of cell number, decreased only in the ventral lobe after castration. DNA fragmentation, indicative of apoptotic cell death, was detected by in situ labeling using the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling method and as intranucleosomal cleavage of genomic DNA analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Both methods demonstrated the correlation between loss of DNA content and apoptotic cell death in the ventral lobe, whereas only the highly sensitive terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method revealed relatively few dying cells in the dorsal, lateral, and anterior lobes after castration. Moreover, when examined as a function of age, less cell death occurred in all four lobes of old rats compared with young rats. In both young and old rat prostates, cell death was observed in epithelial and stromal cells within the ventral lobe where apoptotic cells were detected throughout the branched ductal network and were not restricted to a particular region. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the marked differences in cell death and survival between the different rat prostatic lobes in response to castration and further suggest that the androgen-sensitive apoptotic response is age dependent. Hence, the lower rates of cell death observed for the dorsal and lateral lobes, accompanied by the further decline that occurs with increasing age, are important components of the age-dependent and lobe-specific overgrowth observed for these lobes. Moreover, the age-dependent decline in apoptotic cell death observed in the prostates of old rats suggests that prostatic cells develop androgen independence as a function of age, and survival of these cells does not require androgen.