gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ternary crystal complexes of F31 variants of human dihydrofolate reductase with NADPH and a classical antitumor furopyrimidine. (1998)

The novel furopyrimidine, N-[4-[(2,4-diaminofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-methyl]-methylamino] -benzoyl]-L-glutamate (MTXO), a classical antifolate with weak antitumor activity compared with methotrexate (MTX), has been studied as inhibitorcofactor ternary crystal complexes with recombinant Phe-31 to Ser (F31S) and Phe-31 to Gly (F31G) variant human dihydrofolate reductase (hDHFR). Kinetic data show that the binding affinity of MTXO is significantly weaker for the variant hDHFR enzyme than for the wild type enzyme. Structural data for the Phe-31 variants, along with wild type hDHFR, provide the first direct comparison of the binding interactions of a single antifolate in a family of variant hDHFR. These ternary hDHFR complexes crystallize in the rhombohedral space group R3, isomorphous to that reported for wild type hDHFR MTXO-NADPH ternary complex. MTXO binds with its 2,4-diaminofuropyrimidine ring interacting with Glu-30 in hDHFR. The greatest change on modification of the side chain at position 31 is loss of hydrophobic contacts to the inhibitor, which results in the significant decrease in binding affinity of MTXO for the Phe-31 variants. The presence of the 6-5 furopyrimidine ring instead of the 6-6 pteridine ring causes a different bridge conformation compared with MTX, and in the case of the wild type MTXO complex also results in weaker hydrophobic contacts to Phe-31 than observed for MTXT. For the design of antitumor agents related to MTXO, increasing the bridge of MTXO from two to three or four atoms should provide increased DHFR inhibitory potency and antitumor activity.
Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: A Variant of Benign Intracranial Hypertension (2006)

Most patients with spontaneous CSF leaks fulfill the modified Dandy criteria; thus, this disorder appears to be a variant of BIH. Further investigation is needed to determine the exact cause of elevated CSF pressures in this group and whether medical or surgical treatments to correct the intracranial hypertension are warranted.
Is Physical Layer Error Correction Sufficient for Video Multicast over IEEE 802.11g Networks? (2009)

Wireless video multicast enables delivery of popular events to many mobile users in a bandwidth efficient manner. However, providing good and stable video quality to a large number of users with varying channel conditions remains elusive. A promising solution to this problem is the use of packet level (FEC) mechanisms. However, the adjustment of the FEC rate is not a trivial issue due to the dynamic wireless environment. This decision becomes more complicated if we consider the multi-rate capability of the existing wireless LAN technology that adjusts the transmission rates based on the channel conditions and the coverage range. In this paper, we explore the dynamics of Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes in multi-rate wireless local area networks. We study the fundamental behavior of a 802.11g network which already has embedded error correction in physical layer, under unicast and broadcast modes in a real outdoor environment. We then explore the effectiveness of packet level FEC over wireless networks with multi-rate capability. In order to evaluate the system quantitatively, we implemented a prototype using open source drivers, and ran experiments. Based on the experimental results, we provide guidelines on how to efficiently use FEC for wireless multicast services in order to improve the overall system performance. We argue that even there is a physical layer error correction, using a higher transmission rate together with stronger FEC is more efficient than using a lower transmission rate with weaker FEC for multicast.
Molecular Mobility of Molecular Brushes With a Polyimide Backbone and Polymethylmethacrylate Side Chains of Different Lengths (2013)

The molecular mobility of polyimide (PI) brushes, i.e., graft-copolymers with a polyimide backbone and PMMA side chains of different lengths, is studied by the dielectric spectroscopy method. Three dipolar polarization regions are found in the temperature range from –150 to 200°C: β-, β1, and α-processes. The β-process is due to a local mobility of polar groups of the PI backbone in the glassy state. Ester groups of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) side chains are responsible for two forms of the molecular mobility: a local mobility in the glassy state (β1-process) and a cooperative segmental motion of the skeletons of the PMMA side chains (α-process). The parameters of the β- and β1-processes are weakly dependent on the side chain's length. For the α-process, the molecular mobility of the PMMA side chains decreases with increasing their length.
Highly Efficient Encapsulation of Ingredients in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Capsules Using a Superoleophobic Material (2017)

Increasing the efficiency of encapsulation of ingredients into spherical capsules can decrease the manufacturing costs of the capsules. Ingredients can be encapsulated with high efficiency (&gt;99%) into nondegradable hard resin capsules prepared by polymerization of spherical droplets of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) monomer placed on a superoleophobic material. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin is a more versatile capsule material than poly-TRIM resin. In this study, the efficiency of encapsulation in PMMA resin capsules prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer was investigated. To reduce the volatility of the MMA monomer, pre-polymerized MMA was used for capsule preparation. Although non-volatile α-tocopherol and doxorubicin could be encapsulated in the capsules with high efficiency by heat polymerization at 60°C for 3 h, the efficiency for volatile tetradecane was much lower (approximately 60%) because it evaporated. Furthermore, even when using pre-polymerized MMA, more than 70% of the prepolymer evaporated during polymerization. To prevent the evaporation of tetradecane and the prepolymer, ultraviolet photopolymerization was adopted because it was faster and could be conducted at a lower temperature. The photopolymerization prevented the evaporation of the prepolymer and increased the efficiency of encapsulation of tetradecane (approximately 90% efficiency). This polymerization system is effective for encapsulation of ingredients in PMMA capsules with high efficiency.
Space-efficient multi-versioning for input-adaptive feedback-driven program optimizations (2014)

Function versioning is an approach to addressing input-sensitivity of program optimizations. A major side effect of it is notable code size increase, which has been hindering its broad applications to large code bases and space-stringent environments. In this paper, we initiate a systematic exploration into the problem, providing answers to some fundamental questions: Given a space constraint, to which function we should apply versioning? How many versions of a function should we include in the final executable? Is the optimal selection feasible to do in polynomial time? This study proves selecting the best set of versions under a space constraint is NP-complete and proposes a heuristic algorithm named CHoGS which yields near optimal results in quadratic time. We implement the algorithm and conduct experiments through the IBM XL compilers. We observe significant performance enhancement with only slight code size increase; the results from CHoGS show factors of higher space efficiency than those from traditional hotness-based methods.
Giant magnetoresistance in Ni-Fe/Cu multilayers formed by ion beam sputtering (1992)

In Ni-Fe/Cu multilayers formed by ion beam sputtering, oscillatory magnetoresistance changes with copper thickness have been observed at room temperature. As the thickness of the Ni-Fe layer increased, the magnetoresistance ratio increased, reached a maximum value at 1.0-1.1 nm, and decreased slightly above 1.1 nm. The maximum magnetoresistance ratio was 19% for the Ni-Fe (1.0 nm)/Cu(1.0 nm) multilayer at room temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Integration of carrierless ultrathin wafers into a TSV process flow (2010)

This paper presents a new carrierless approach to handling and processing ultra-thin Silicon which is predominantly used in processing Through Silicon Via (TSV) wafers. Currently, the state of the art consists of bonding the wafers having the vias onto a carrier wafer, after which the thinning steps of the wafer and the backside processing, e.g. Redistribution (RDL) or Bumping, are performed. By means of temporarily bonding the wafer to a carrier, the wafer has structural integrity and can be handled and processed at standard equipment. An alternative to the carrier approach is the use of carrierless ultra thin wafers. Here, the wafer is modified mechanically in a way that the wafer is thin and rigid at the same time. This approach has the potential of bypassing the bonding and de-bonding operations. In detail, we will present results on: 1) 200 mm backside processing 2) 200 mm "Via Reveal" process 3) 300 mm mechanical stability 4) Special lithography process for carrierless wafers.
MF59- and Al(OH)3-Adjuvanted Staphylococcus aureus (4C-Staph) Vaccines Induce Sustained Protective Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, with a Critical Role for Effector CD4 T Cells at Low Antibody Titers (2015)

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important opportunistic pathogen that may cause invasive life-threatening infections, like sepsis and pneumonia. Due to the increasing antibiotic resistance, the development of an effective vaccine against S. aureus is needed. Although a correlate of protection against staphylococcal diseases is not yet established, several findings suggest that both antibodies and CD4 T cells might contribute to optimal immunity. In this study, we show that adjuvanting a multivalent vaccine (4C-Staph) with MF59, an oil-in-water emulsion licensed in human vaccines, further potentiated antigen-specific IgG titers and CD4 T-cell responses compared to alum and conferred protection in the peritonitis model of S. aureus infection. Moreover, we showed that MF59- and alum-adjuvanted 4C-Staph vaccines induced persistent antigen-specific humoral and T-cell responses, and protected mice from infection up to 4 months after immunization. Furthermore, 4C-Staph formulated with MF59 was used to investigate which immune compartment is involved in vaccine-induced protection. Using CD4 T cell-depleted mice or B cell-deficient mice, we demonstrated that both T and B-cell responses contributed to 4C-Staph vaccine-mediated protective immunity. However, the role of CD4 T cells seemed more evident in the presence of low-antibody responses. This study provides preclinical data further supporting the use of the adjuvanted 4C-Staph vaccines against S. aureus diseases, and provides critical insights on the correlates of protective immunity necessary to combat this pathogen.
Measuring the visual angle of polarization-related entoptic phenomena using structured light (2023)

The ability to perceive polarization-related entoptic phenomena arises from the dichroism of macular pigments held in Henle's fiber layer of the retina and can be inhibited by retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, which alter the structure of the macula. Structured light tools enable the direct probing of macular pigment density through the perception of polarization-dependent entoptic patterns. Here, we directly measure the visual angle of an entoptic pattern created through the illumination of the retina with a structured state of light and a perception task that is insensitive to corneal birefringence. The central region of the structured light stimuli was obstructed, with the size of the obstruction varying according to a psychophysical staircase. The perceived size of the entoptic pattern was observed to vary between participants, with an average visual angle threshold radius of $9.5^\circ \pm 0.9^\circ$, 95% C.I. = [$5.8^\circ$, $13^\circ$], in a sample of healthy participants. These results (with eleven azimuthal fringes) differ markedly from previous estimates of the Haidinger's brush phenomenon's extant (two azimuthal fringes), of $3.75^\circ$, suggesting that higher azimuthal fringe density increases pattern visibility. The increase in apparent size and clarity of entoptic phenomenon produced by the presented structured light stimuli may possess greater potential to detect the early signs of macular disease over perception tasks using uniform polarization stimuli.
Extremal mild solutions to fractional delay integro-differential equations with non-instantaneous impulses (2021)

We study the existence of extremal mild solutions to fractional delay integro-differential equations with non-instantaneous impulses by employing the monotone iterative technique coupled with the method of lower and upper solutions. Our existence results are established by appealing to two different theories. In our first result, the semigroup generated by the linear operator associated with the problem is assumed to be compact. On the other hand, in our second result, the semigroup need not be compact and our conclusions are obtained using the theory of measures of noncompactness. In order to illustrate our results, we also discuss a concrete problem regarding heat conduction in a metal bar with predefined impulsive points.
Image manipulation on social media for encryption-then-compression systems (2017)

Encryption-then-Compression (EtC) systems have been proposed to securely transmit images through an untrusted channel provider. In this paper, the EtC systems are applied to social media like Twitter, that are known for carrying out some image manipulation. Block scrambling-based encryption schemes used in the EtC systems are evaluated in terms of the robustness against image manipulation on social media. This work aims to investigate how each social networking service (SNS) provider manipulates images, and to consider whether the encrypted images uploaded to SNS providers can avoid to include some distortion under the image manipulation. In the experiment, encrypted and non-encrypted JPEG images are uploaded to various SNS providers to confirm the robustness of EtC systems. It is shown that the EtC systems are applicable to almost all SNS providers.
Distribution of glucose transporter messenger RNA transcripts in tissues of rat and man. (1987)

We used the complementary DNA for the human hepatoma Hep G2 glucose transporter to determine the distribution of glucose transporter messenger RNA (mRNA) in rat and human tissues. Under stringent hybridization conditions, a single 2.8-kilobase (kb) transcript is seen in all rat and human tissues examined. The mRNA is most abundant in brain, and is especially enriched in the brain microvascular fraction. The mRNA abundance in rat muscle and fat is 5% that in brain. Rat liver (both adult and fetal) and human liver have very little 2.8-kb mRNA, but it is abundant in cultured human fibroblasts and EB virus-transformed lymphoblasts. The same size mRNA is present in leg muscle of two type II diabetic patients. A very homologous glucose transporter mRNA is expressed in both insulin-sensitive and -insensitive tissues of rat and man. Hepatocytes, which have abundant glucose transport, may express a homologous but nonidentical glucose transporter.
EphrinA1 Is Released in Three Forms from Cancer Cells by Matrix Metalloproteases (2012)

EphrinA1 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked ligand for the EphA2 receptor, which is overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), among other cancers. Activation of the receptor by ephrinA1 leads to a suppression of oncogenic properties of GBM cells. We documented that a monomeric functional form of ephrinA1 is released from cancer cells and thus explored the mechanism of ephrinA1 release and the primary protein sequence. We demonstrate here that multiple metalloproteases (MMPs) are able to cleave ephrinA1, most notably MMP-1, -2, -9, and -13. The proteolytic cleavage that releases ephrinA1 occurs at three positions near the C terminus, producing three forms ending in valine-175, histidine-177, or serine-178. Moreover, deletion of amino acids 174 to 181 or 175 to 181 yields ephrinA1 that is still GPI linked but not released by proteolysis, underlining the necessity of amino acids 175 to 181 for release from the membrane. Furthermore, recombinant ephrinA1 ending at residue 175 retains activity toward the EphA2 receptor. These findings suggest a mechanism of release and provide evidence for the existence of several forms of monomeric ephrinA1. Moreover, ephrinA1 should be truncated at a minimum at amino acid 175 in fusions or conjugates with other molecules in order to prevent likely proteolysis within physiological and pathobiological environments.
Online Learning for Non-Stationary A/B Tests (2018)

The rollout of new versions of a feature in modern applications is a manual multi-stage process, as the feature is released to ever larger groups of users, while its performance is carefully monitored. This kind of A/B testing is ubiquitous, but suboptimal, as the monitoring requires heavy human intervention, is not guaranteed to capture consistent, but short-term fluctuations in performance, and is inefficient, as better versions take a long time to reach the full population.
Contributions aux circuits de commande gate driver dédiés à la haute température et aux très fortes vitesses de commutation (2016)

National audience
PD51-06 DETERMINANTS OF ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE IN PATIENTS WITH SMALL RENAL MASSES (2018)

The groups had similar median ages at presentation (69 vs 70 yrs, p0.35). Median maximum tumor diameter (MTD) at presentation was 20.3 mm (IQR 15-27 mm) vs. 54.3 mm (IQR 43-64 mm) (p<0.0001). Median LGR was faster in the LRM group (16.5 vs 22.8 mm/yr, p0.48) and median time to delayed intervention (DI) was less in the LRM group (30.6 vs 25.4 mo, p0.13) but neither difference was statistically significant. Rates of DI at 5 years (Figure [95% CI 23.8-51.5%], p0.75) and OS at 5 years (Figure vs 87.3% [95% CI 76-93.6%], p0.27) were not significantly different between the SRM and LRM groups, respectively. Five patients (1.1%) in the SRM group and zero patients in the LRM group died from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (p0.61).
Exploration of the Antimicrobial Effects of Benzothiazolylthiazolidin-4-One and In Silico Mechanistic Investigation (2021)

The best improvement of antibacterial activity after modifications was achieved by replacement of 6-OCF<sub>3</sub> substituent in benzothiazole moiety by 6-Cl against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>MRSA</i> and resistant strain of <i>E. coli</i> by 2.5 folds, while against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and <i>S. typhimirium</i> from 4 to 5 folds.
Improving high-field MRI using parallel excitation (2010)

MRI at high magnetic field strengths promises to deliver clearer images of the body’s structure and function. However, high-field MRI currently faces several substantial engineering challenges before it can be considered robust and safe enough for routine clinical use. Challenges include increased radiofrequency (RF) energy deposition that can create unsafe patient heating, large main field inhomogeneities that prevent functional neuroimaging in the lower brain and inhomogeneous RFs transmit fields that cause spatially varying image contrast. Patient-tailored multidimensional RF excitation pulses have been proposed as a means to address many of these challenges. While these pulses show significant promise, their effectiveness has been severely limited by their long durations. Parallel excitation using multiple RF transmit coils driven simultaneously is a new technology that has been proposed to reduce multidimensional pulse durations. Parallel excitation provides an instantaneous spatial encoding mechanis...
Dynamics of Delaminated Composite Plates with Piezoelectric Actuators (1999)

A ree ned higher-order-theory-based e nite element model is developed for modeling the dynamic response of delaminated smart composite plates. The theory assures an accurate description of displacement e eld and the satisfaction of stress-free boundary conditions at all free surfaces including delamination interfaces. A nonlinear induced strain model is used. Vibration control is obtained through piezoelectric layers bonded on the composite plate. The theory is implemented using a e nite element technique, which allows the incorporation of practical geometries and boundary conditions, various sizes, and locations of delaminations, as well as discrete sensors and actuators. The resulting model is shown to agree well with published experimental data. Signie cant changes in dynamic properties are observed due to the presence of delamination.
Oxidation degradation of refractory compounds in waste water (1996)

Liquid effluents from chemical industry are loaded with low concentrations of refractory compounds. An effective treatment for their destruction is the combination of chemical pre-oxidation with activated hydrogen peroxide followed by a biological treatment system. As a result the refractory substances need not to be completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. Intermediates of the oxidation like polyhydroxylated phenols and carboxylic acids can be biodegraded easily. Therefore less oxidant is required and the process becomes more economic. All oxidation processes involving the generation of hydroxyl radicals are called {open_quotes}Advanced Oxidation Processes{close_quotes}. Hydroxyl radicals are a powerful oxidant for the removal of organics in wastewaters. 7 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Experimental and numerical modelling of the ventriculosinus shunt (El-Shafei shunt) (2008)

This study assesses malresorptive hydrocephalus treatment by ventriculosinus shunting with the shunt in the antegrade or retrograde position. First, an experimental model of the cerebral ventricles, the arachnoid villi, the cortical veins, and the superior sagittal sinus was built. For this purpose, the compliance of a human cortical vein was measured and then modelled by means of Penrose tubes. The dimensions of the superior sagittal sinus were determined in vivo by measurements on magnetic resonance imaging scans of 21 patients. Second, a numerical model of the cortical veins and the superior sagittal sinus was built. The numerical results were validated with the results from the experimental model. The experimental and numerical pressure difference between the intracranial pressure and the static sinus pressure was small (0-20 Pa) and corresponded to the theoretically expected values. No overdrainage was found in either the antegrade or the retrograde position of the shunt. Blood reflow was only found while mimicking lumbar puncture or changes in position with the experimental model (lowering the intracranial pressure or increasing the sinus pressure rapidly). Optimal results can be obtained with the shunt positioned in the most downstream half of the superior sagittal sinus. The experimental and numerical results confirm the potential of ventriculosinus shunting as therapy for malresorptive hydrocephalus patients. The ventriculosinus shunt thus proves to be a promising technique.