gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precipitation Hardening at Elevated Temperatures above 400 °C and Subsequent Natural Age Hardening of Commercial Al–Si–Cu Alloy (2021)

The precipitation of intermetallic phases and the associated hardening by artificial aging treatments at elevated temperatures above 400 °C were systematically investigated in the commercially available AC2B alloy with a nominal composition of Al–6Si–3Cu (mass%). The natural age hardening of the artificially aged samples at various temperatures was also examined. A slight increase in hardness (approximately 5 HV) of the AC2B alloy was observed at an elevated temperature of 480 °C. The hardness change is attributed to the precipitation of metastable phases associated with the α-Al15(Fe, Mn)3Si2 phase containing a large amount of impurity elements (Fe and Mn). At a lower temperature of 400 °C, a slight artificial-age hardening appeared. Subsequently, the hardness decreased moderately. This phenomenon was attributed to the precipitation of stable θ-Al2Cu and Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si6 phases and their coarsening after a long duration. The precipitation sequence was rationalized by thermodynamic calculations for the Al–Si–Cu–Fe–Mn–Mg system. The natural age-hardening behavior significantly varied depending on the prior artificial aging temperatures ranging from 400 °C to 500 °C. The natural age-hardening was found to strongly depend on the solute contents of Cu and Si in the Al matrix. This study provides fundamental insights into controlling the strength level of commercial Al–Si–Cu cast alloys with impurity elements using the cooling process after solution treatment at elevated temperatures above 400 °C.
Hydrodynamics and Beastie Monitoring at UK Marine Renewable Energy Sites (2013)

Using developments in high-resolution physical modeling and state-of-the-art observation systems, FLOWBEC (FLOW and BEnthic Ecology) project aims to identify the physical conditions influencing the behavior of fish, their predators, and benthic communities, by concurrently measuring hydrodynamics and biology at three different MRE test sites. The three main project goals are as follows: 1. to improve understanding of the fine-scale details of the flow regime in areas of high tidal and wave 
energy and the effects of MECs on flow conditions. 2. To assess the hydrodynamic habitat preferences of various relevant functional ecological groups (benthos, plankton, fish, birds, and mammals), and how individual species may use preferred flow conditions for successful feeding, reproduction, and other major biological activities. 3. To parameterize the flowfield with and without the effects of both single and multiple MEC 
deployments and include the mechanistic links to ecological interactions that would enable their inclusion in wider-area models. Such models would allow predictions of the effects of large arrays of MECs on the environment. 
The EMEC has both a full-scale wave and full-scale tidal site. A subsea acoustic platform was deployed in summer 2013 to record continuous data with a Simrad EK60 echosounder and an Imagenex Delta T multibeam, as well as a Sontek acoustic Doppler velocimeter on the FLOWBEC frame for two periods of 2 weeks at the EMEC tidal site and then at the EMEC wave site. Using these acoustic detection devices, the FLOWBEC team can track small targets and whales, as well as bathymetry, currents, and tides simultaneously. At EMEC, the FLOWBEC team has developed radar-derived bathymetry, and both flood and ebb tide radar-derived current vectors, and it is also investigating the implications of variations in sea surface roughness signatures. 
Work has also been taking place at the WaveHub site off the southwest coast of the United Kingdom. 
The University of Plymouth has installed and has been operating a WavE RAdar (WERA) High Frequency radar and are studying waves and currents and their spatial variability across a large area that includes the WaveHub site. The University of Exeter has deployed a number of acoustic Doppler current profilers and wave buoys to study these spatial variations in situ. 
The third site is Strangford Lough in Northern Ireland, where Queens University Belfast and the National University of Ireland, Galway, have deployed a drop-down video camera with underwater positioning system to survey the benthos in the general region of the SeaGen turbine to study any changes in the benthos attributable to the turbine, and the extent of any changes. All three sites are being modeled for their hydrodynamics; Plymouth Marine Laboratory is applying the FVCOM (Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model) to the WaveHub and EMEC sites, and University of 
Edinburgh is applying the FLUIDITY model in a Large Eddy Simulation of the Strangford Lough site, including a dynamic representation of the SeaGen device.
Opportunities Abound (2008)

Chemistry, both as a basic as well as an applied science, is of fundamental importance to our society. From food to clothing, from construction materials to nanoelectronics, from drugs to dyes, from cars to molecular machines; nothing would be possible without modern chemistry. Although not fully recognized by most people, chemistry is clearly one of the major technologies that have improved drastically the quality of our daily life. Nevertheless, despite the advances made, our science still offers significant challenges for the coming years. I am convinced that chemistry will also play a major role to provide solutions for the crucial problems of the next century: Contributions to the use of alternative energy supplies (hydrogen technology, fuel cells, biomass to liquid, etc.). The introduction of CO2-neutral raw materials for the chemical industry (use of renewable resources, carbon dioxide as a C1 building block, etc.). The development of new pharmaceuticals (against Alzheimer's disease, cancer, HIV) and the enabling of new materials (performance polymers), molecular electronics, and more. And last but not least, more sustainable processes for the production of bulk and fine chemicals (aniline, phenol, caprolactam, propylene oxide, polyurethanes, etc.). What does all of this have to do with ChemSusChem? This new journal, which you are now reading, is devoted in a broad sense to the development of a more sustainable chemistry. Sustainability is the key subject of all the goals mentioned above. ChemSusChem aims to bring together leading chemists from different fields to present their latest accomplishments and delineate the challenges for the future of the important and exiting aspects of sustainability. A glance at the content of the first issue reveals already the broad nature of the field, from improved catalytic methods to applications of renewables, from the conversion of solar energy to research on fuel cells. The interdisciplinary nature of this journal offers interesting opportunities for its readers, and I hope that the scientific content will stimulate chemists from all areas to broaden their horizon and apply their specific knowledge towards sustainability. Whether your interests lie in synthetic organic chemistry, catalysis, energy, environment, materials, renewables, or reaction engineering, we hope that you will enjoy reading ChemSusChem and discover for yourself the emerging state of the art of this exciting field of chemistry. Matthias Beller Rostock, Germany, January 2008
Demonstration of high-Q microspheres in indium fluoride, a versatile new mid-IR class (2012)

We have demonstrated fabrication of high-Q WGM (Whispering Gallery Mode) optical microcavities for the first time in indium fluoride, a relatively new glass of great promise for mid-IR comb generation and sensing applications. Intrinsic quality factors of 3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> have already been demonstrated.
Personal Internet of Things (PIoT): What Is It Exactly? (2021)

The use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices in homes and the immediate proximity of an individual communicates to create Personal IoT (PIoT) networks. The exploratory study of PIoT is in its infancy, which will explore the expansion of new use cases, service requirements, and the proliferation of PIoT devices. This article provides a big picture of PIoT architecture, vision, and future research scope.
An Analysis of Regeneration Energy Consumption in Absorption and Dissociation Processes of Flue Gas CO_2 and its Simulation (2007)

The regeneration energy consumption Q_(str),in membrane-based absorption of flue gas CO_2,is being analyzed in detail and a general calculation formula is derived,which is a function of three factors,i.e.the membrane contactor's performance factor,the solvent's property factor and the heat exchanger's performance factor.The possibility of reducing Qstr is discussed by making use of the general regeneration energy consumption calculation formula with given performance factors of the membrane contactor.Results indicate that Qstr can effectively be reduced,by increasing the solvent's mass concentration φ,as long as the limiting φ_(max) is not being surpassed;Q_(str) can also effectively be reduced by proper blending the absorbent. Raising the regeneration degree ξ of the enriched absorbent helps to reduce Q_(str),but only to a certain extent,otherwise Q_(str) will tend to increase again.By improving the performance of the lean-rich solvent's heat exchanger,can Q_(str) also be reduced to a certain extent;but this may entail an increase of investment and therefore a heat exchanger should be opted with proper property,optimized by counterposing investment to Q_(str).
Interaction of BTG1 and p53-regulatedBTG2 Gene Products with mCaf1, the Murine Homolog of a Component of the Yeast CCR4 Transcriptional Regulatory Complex (1998)

Both BTG1 and BTG2 are involved in cell-growth control. BTG2 expression is regulated by p53, and its inactivation in embryonic stem cells leads to the disruption of DNA damage-induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest. In order to investigate the mechanism underlying Btg-mediated functions, we looked for possible functional partners of Btg1 and Btg2. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, protein-binding assays, and transient transfection assays in HeLa cells, we demonstrated the physical in vitro and in vivo interaction of both Btg1 and Btg2 with the mouse protein mCaf1 (i.e. mouse CCR4-associated factor 1). mCaf1 was identified through its interaction with the CCR4 protein, a component of a general transcription multisubunit complex, which, in yeast, regulates the expression of different genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and progression. These data suggest that Btg proteins, through their association with mCaf1, may participate, either directly or indirectly, in the transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in the control of the cell cycle. Finally, we found that box B, one of two conserved domains which define the Btg family, plays a functional role, namely that it is essential to the Btg-mCaf1 interaction.
Management of a neurological lesion involving Canalis Sinuosus: A case report (2021)

This case report describes the management of a lesion involving the Canalis Sinuosus (CS), that is a bone channel originating from the infraorbital canal below the orbital margin and posterior to the infraorbital foramen and coursing in an anterolateral direction to the anterior wall of the nasal cavity. A female patient, 62y, ASA 1, wearing full mobile dentures, came to our clinic asking for upper jaw rehabilitation. Due to a severe bone atrophy, a graft procedure was performed and the placement of eight implants was planned. One week after implants were positioned, the patient referred pain in the upper right central incisor region, that was compatible with a normal post-operative healing. After 15 days, since the symptoms worsened and became localized and persistent, a more detailed CBCT analysis was carried out. The images demonstrated that a CS on the right side was compressed by the apex of the implant in position #11. The implant was replaced with a shorter one and adequate pharmacological therapy was prescribed. All the symptoms completely disappeared after 30 days.
Immunohistochemical staining patterns of type VI collagen in the normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic adult male breast. (1994)

Ten cases of primary invasive male breast ductal carcinomas (N.O.S.), one case of male breast fibroadenoma, seven cases of pure florid gynecomastia and four cases of normal mammary glands were examined immunohistochemically for type VI collagen expression and distribution. In normal male breast type VI collagen was absent in the whole fibrous stroma. On the contrary this collagen was markedly expressed in the stroma of invasive carcinoma as well as fibroadenoma and gynecomastia. In all these proliferative diseases, type VI collagen gave a distinct basement membrane-like deposition at the epithelial-stromal junctions while organized a fibrillar network in the interstitium. Our immunohistochemical findings showed that type VI collagens is involved in the stromal response of benign and malignant male breast proliferative diseases.
Diagnostika, Hilfsstoffe und Biozide (1981)

Zu den unmittelbar am Menschen angewendeten Diagnostika gehören Röntgenkontrastmittel, Radiodiagnostika sowie für Funktionstests einsetzbare Substanzen. Hierzu zählt beispielsweise p-Aminohippursäure, die zur Prüfung der Nierentätigkeit (Clearance-Verfahren) verwendet wird.
Nanovesicle-based formulations for photoprotection: a safety and efficacy approach (2019)

Vesicular nanosystems are versatile and they are able to encapsulate actives with different solubilities, such as lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. The most well-known vesicular nanosystems are liposomes and niosomes, the last one is formed by non-ionic surfactants. In the present work, we developed photoprotective niosomes containing sunscreens (octyl methoxycinnamate, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate and phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid), non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol and stearylamine (positive-charged lipid). Studies based on dynamic light scattering techniques, entrapment efficiency and morphology by transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the niosomes. In addition, rheology, pH, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) efficacy and toxicity and in vivo and in vitro safety were determined for the niosome formulations F-N1 and F-N2. The mean sizes of N1 and N2 were 168 ± 5 nm and 192 ± 8 nm, respectively, and their morphologies were spherical, unilamellar and with an entrapment efficiency of more than 45% for each sunscreen. Both formulations, F-N1 and F-N2 presented characteristics of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids, showing declining viscosity with increasing shear rate applied. SPF values were considered satisfactory, 34 ± 8 for formulation F-N1 and 34 ± 5 for F-N2. The formulations did not present toxicity when tested in macrophages and the pH was compatible with skin, which minimizes allergies. The in vitro safety assay showed lipophilic sunscreens greater affinity for the epidermis, since this layer contains natural lipids. In vivo safety assay suggests that the increased skin retention of N2 is directly correlated with the positive charge of stearylamine. Stable photoprotective niosomes were obtained and were shown to be promising nanostructures to be used against solar radiation.
Distinctive Low-Resolution Structural Features of Dimers of Antibody–Drug Conjugates and Parent Antibody Determined by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (2019)

Structural features of lysine-conjugated antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) from humanized IgG1 were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). As the physicochemical properties of the cytotoxic drug (payload) and linker may impact the conformational and colloidal stabilities of the conjugated monoclonal antibody (mAb), it is essential to characterize how the conjugation may affect the overall higher order structure and therefore the physical stability and integrity of the ADCs upon storage conditions. Here, the ADC monomer and aggregates generated upon thermal stress were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to SAXS with a particular focus on the fraction of dimers (3-10% depending on the storage conditions at 25 and 40 °C). In addition to average parameters such as radius of gyration, molecular weight, and maximal end-to-end distance, the structural information obtained from SAXS patterns were visualized as a low-resolution average envelope of both monomers and dimers (implementation of two methods: ab initio reconstruction and modeling Fab and Fc as rigid bodies with a flexible hinge). We showed that the monomer envelope of the ADC was similar to the corresponding (nonconjugated) parent monoclonal antibody (mAb). ADC dimers appeared more compact and less polydisperse than the dimers of mAb, which was also confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The generated envelopes of the mAb dimers suggest elongated structures with one or few inter-mAb contacts at the outermost region of Fab or Fc domains. The structural features of ADC dimers are independent of the tested pH buffering system (pH 5.0/acetate and pH 6.0/histidine with or without NaCl) and characterized by multiple, tighter contacts between the Fab and Fc domains and distortion of the monomer native shape. Results from the SAXS structural study show in the present case that conjugation has favored innermost inter-ADC contacts in the dimer, which differ from the inter-mAb ones. In general, it is likely that many parameters affect inter-ADC association, including the chemical nature of linkers and drugs, degree of conjugation, conjugation sites, etc. Making a qualitative difference between mAb and ADC dimers as a function of these parameters can help point to the presence of tight associations that must be abolished in protein drug formulations.
How much training is needed for interference coordination in cellular networks? (2011)

Cooperative techniques for cellular networks promise very high data rates, but require additional and precise knowledge of the serving and interference channels. We show, how the pilot symbols required for achieving this information affect the possible data rates. The measurements of the channels are suffering from pilot contamination, due to the measurements in adjacent cells. On the one hand, with a too short pilot length, cooperation is not possible and the channels are learned too poorly, degrading the possible data rates. On the other hand, a too long pilot length reduces the efficiency of the system, leaving no resources for the data transmission. In addition, the channel measurements are outdated before they can be applied. With an upper bound to the sum rate of a system with interference coordination and a sub-optimal pilot allocation strategy, we discuss the pilot length trade-off.
Ensembles of Correlation Filters for Object Detection (2015)

Traditional correlation filters for object detection are efficient and provide good localization, but require scalar valued image features and only perform well on objects with consistent appearance. Some newer filters work with feature spaces that introduce some invariance to small deformations, but more difficult detection problems require more than one filter. We introduce a method for jointly learning an ensemble of correlation filters that collectively capture as much variation in object appearance as possible. During training our filters adapt to the needs of the training data with no restrictions on size or scope. We demonstrate performance that exceeds the state of the art in several challenging experiments.
Isolation and characterization of recombinant antibody fragments against CDC2a from Arabidopsis thaliana (2000)

In order to obtain recombinant antibody fragments that bind the cell-cycle protein CDC2a from Arabidopsis thaliana (CDC2aAt), two phage display libraries of single-chain variable (scFv) fragments were constructed. One library was derived from mice immunized with recombinant CDC2aAt N-terminally fused to a His(6)-tag (His-CDC2aAt) and the other was made out of an anti-PSTAIRE hybridoma cell line. Six specific His-CDC2aAt-binding phage clones (3D1, 3D2, 3D10, 3D25, 4D21 and 4D47) were isolated by panning. The isolated monoclonal phage clones, as well as the soluble scFv fragments produced in the periplasm of Escherichia coli, bind His-CDC2aAt in ELISA and on Western blots. Moreover, four clones (3D1, 3D2, 3D10 and 4D21) detect specifically CDC2aAt from Arabidopsis cell suspensions on Western blots. Clone 4D21 binds the PSTAIRE epitope, whereas the 3D1, 3D2 and 3D10 clones bind, as yet unidentified, epitopes of CDC2aAt. Furthermore, the accumulation and antigen-binding activity of these scFv fragments in a reducing environment were assessed. No interaction could be shown between the scFv fragments and CDC2aAt in a yeast two-hybrid assay. However, after transient expression of the scFv fragments in the cytosol of tobacco leaves, three of six scFv fragments (3D1, 3D2 and 3D10) accumulated in the plant cytosol and ELISA results indicate that these scFv fragments retained antigen-binding activity.
A SAMPLING FORMULA FOR DISTRIBUTIONS (2007)

A key sampling formula for discretising a continuos-time system is proved when the signals space is a subclass of the space of Distributions. The result is applied to the analysis of an open-loop hybrid system.
Sufficiently Fat Polyhedra are not 2-castable (2002)

In this note we consider the problem of manufacturing a convex polyhedral object via casting. We consider a generalization of the sand casting process where the object is manufactured by gluing together two identical faces of parts cast with a single piece mold. In this model we show that the class of convex polyhedra which can be enclosed between two concentric spheres of the ratio of their radii less than 1.07 cannot be manufactured using only two cast parts.
Rotavirus-associated diarrhea in rural Bangladesh: two-year study of incidence and serotype distribution (1991)

Stools were evaluated from 5,811 patient visits for treatment of diarrhea in Matlab, Bangladesh, between June 1987 and May 1989. The stools were analyzed to determine the distribution of serotypes of group A rotaviruses (RV). A total of 898 stool samples (15.5%) contained RV, as determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RV isolates from 855 of these samples were serotyped by using serotype-specific synthetic oligonucleotide probes. A total of 558 (65.3%) could be assigned to specific serotypes: 166 (19.4%), 228 (26.7%), 39 (4.6%), and 125 (14.6%) belonged to serotypes 1 through 4, respectively; 12 (1.4%) hybridized with more than one serotype; and 285 (33.3%) failed to hybridize. RV diarrhea was evident throughout the year, with peaks in the dry winter months and in September 1988, coinciding with a major flood. RV was isolated from 46.6% of patients between 7 and 12 months old. Among children under 24 months of age with RV diarrhea, 1.2% (10 of 828) died. The corresponding percentage for children with diarrhea from all causes is 0.9% (29 of 3,301).