gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software tools to obtain a distributed universal fuzzy controller (2002)

The authors have implemented a distributed universal fuzzy controller capable of adapting itself to deal with a specific process. Due to its distributed nature the controller can run sequentially, in a processor, or in parallel, in a net of processors when the application requires it. In order to implement the distributed universal fuzzy controller the authors have developed a system with the following components: (1) a language to describe the control problem in terms of fuzzy inputs, outputs and rules, defined by a Pb-grammar; (2) a language to represent internally the control problem in terms of elementary fuzzy processes defined by a Pe-grammar; (3) a library of the elementary fuzzy processes, mentioned in (2); and (4) a set of software tools. Among the software tools there are an extractor, a loader and an ender procedure. The extractor identifies the elementary and independent processes in which the fuzzy controller can be divided. This extractor receives the Pb-description of the control problem and it provides the Ps-description. The loader receives the Ps description and puts the elementary processes into the physical processors and also it starts its execution. When the user wants to finish the control task, the ender turns off the set of processes. The distributed universal fuzzy controller has been implemented sequentially and in parallel on a network of transputers, its performance is being tested in an industrial application: the tuning of high frequency amplifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Potential Nuclear and Radiological Incidents: A Summary for Clinicians (2007)

Most clinicians will go their entire career without seeing a patient who has been involved in a nuclear or radiological incident, and many health care professionals feel ill equipped to respond to such incidents. To add to this difficulty, the medical response that is most appropriate for such an event varies, depending on the type of incident. As part of an effort to address these and other challenges for the medical community, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has developed a quick-reference for clinicians (based on the consensus of numerous stakeholders) that summarizes the key differences between various types of potential nuclear and radiological incidents in relation to some key medical response concerns. This paper is not intended for a clinical audience, but rather presents the and describes the framework upon which the is based, providing the health physics community with a clinical perspective of these events.
HSV-2 Specifically Down Regulates HLA-C Expression to Render HSV-2-Infected DCs Susceptible to NK Cell Killing (2013)

Both NK cells and CTLs kill virus-infected and tumor cells. However, the ways by which these killer cells recognize the infected or the tumorigenic cells are different, in fact almost opposite. CTLs are activated through the interaction of the TCR with MHC class I proteins. In contrast, NK cells are inhibited by MHC class I molecules. The inhibitory NK receptors recognize mainly MHC class I proteins and in this regard practically all of the HLA-C proteins are recognized by inhibitory NK cell receptors, while only certain HLA-A and HLA-B proteins interact with these receptors. Sophisticated viruses developed mechanisms to avoid the attack of both NK cells and CTLs through, for example, down regulation of HLA-A and HLA-B molecules to avoid CTL recognition, leaving HLA-C proteins on the cell surface to inhibit NK cell response. Here we provide the first example of a virus that through specific down regulation of HLA-C, harness the NK cells for its own benefit. We initially demonstrated that none of the tested HSV-2 derived microRNAs affect NK cell activity. Then we show that surprisingly upon HSV-2 infection, HLA-C proteins are specifically down regulated, rendering the infected cells susceptible to NK cell attack. We identified a motif in the tail of HLA-C that is responsible for the HSV-2-meduiated HLA-C down regulation and we show that the HLA-C down regulation is mediated by the viral protein ICP47. Finally we show that HLA-C proteins are down regulated from the surface of HSV-2 infected dendritic cells (DCs) and that this leads to the killing of DC by NK cells. Thus, we propose that HSV-2 had developed this unique and surprising NK cell-mediated killing strategy of infected DC to prevent the activation of the adaptive immunity.
Effects of Right, Left, and Biventricular Pacing on Myocardial Perfusion in Ischemic Conditions (2006)

Compared to baseline, in ischemic conditions, RVP has a more pronounced detrimental impact on perfusion abnormalities. In contrast, BVP induced a significant improvement in local myocardial perfusion. Therefore, BVP could be preferred to RVP in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
<i>In vivo</i>electrical conductivity of hepatic tumours (2003)

Knowledge of electrical tissue conductivity is necessary to determine deposition of electromagnetic energy and can further be used to diagnostically differentiate between normal and neoplastic tissue. We measured 17 rats with a total of 24 tumours of the K12/TRb rat colon cancer cell line. In each animal we measured in vivo hepatic tumour and normal tissue conductivity at seven frequencies from 10 Hz to 1 MHz, at different tumour stages between 6 and 12 weeks after induction. Conductivity of normal liver tissue was 1.26 +/- 0.15 mS cm(-1) at 10 Hz, and 4.61 +/- 0.42 mS cm(-1) at 1 MHz. Conductivity of tumour was 2.69 +/- 0.91 mS cm(-1) at 10 Hz, and 5.23 +/- 0.82 mS cm(-1) at 1 MHz. Conductivity was significantly different between normal and tumour tissue (p < 0.05). We determined the percentage of necrosis and fibrosis at the measurement site. We fitted the conductivity data to the Cole-Cole model. For the tumour data we determined Spearman's correlation coefficients between the Cole-Cole parameters and age, necrosis, fibrosis and tumour volume and found significant correlation between necrosis and the Cole-Cole parameters (p < 0.05). We conclude that necrosis within the tumour and the associated membrane breakdown is likely responsible for the observed change in conductivity.
Mutational signatures in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from eight countries of varying incidence (2021)

Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) shows a remarkable variation in incidence which is not fully explained by known lifestyle and environmental risk factors. It has been speculated that an unknown exogenous exposure(s) could be responsible. Here we combine the fields of mutational signature analysis with cancer epidemiology to study 552 ESCC genomes from eight countries with varying incidence rates. The mutational profiles of ESCC were similar across all countries studied. Associations between specific mutational signatures and ESCC risk factors were identified for tobacco, alcohol, opium and germline variants, with modest impacts on mutation burden. We find no evidence of a mutational signature indicative of an exogenous exposure capable of explaining the differences in ESCC incidence. APOBEC associated mutational signatures SBS2 and SBS13 were present in 88% and 91% of cases respectively and accounted for a quarter of the mutation burden on average, indicating that activation of APOBEC is a crucial step in ESCC tumor development.
Scattering mechanisms in a high-mobility low-density carbon-doped (100) GaAs two-dimensional hole system (2011)

We report on a systematic study of the density dependence of mobility in a low-density carbon-doped (100) GaAs two-dimensional hole system (2DHS). At $T=50$ mK, a mobility of 2.6 $\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ 10${}^{6}$ cm${}^{2}$/Vs at a density $p=6.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ was measured. This is the highest mobility reported for a 2DHS to date. Using a backgated sample geometry, the density dependence of mobility was studied from 2.8 $\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ 10${}^{10}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ to 1 $\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ 10${}^{11}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The mobility vs density cannot be fit to a power law dependence of the form $\ensuremath{\mu}~{p}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ using a single exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. Our data indicate a continuous evolution of the power law with $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ ranging from $~$0.7 at high density and increasing to $~$1.7 at the lowest densities measured. Calculations specific to our structure indicate a crossover of the dominant scattering mechanism from uniform background impurity scattering at high density to remote ionized impurity scattering at low densities. This is the first observation of a carrier density-induced transition from background impurity dominated to remote dopant dominated transport in a single sample.
A Novel Technique for Automatic Image Enhancement using HTHET Approach (2019)

Image enhancement techniques are methods used for producing images with better quality than the original image. None of the existing methods increase the information content of the image, and are usually of little interest for subsequent automatic analysis of images. In this paper, automated Image Enhancement is achieved by carrying out Histogram techniques. Histogram equalization (HE) is a spatial domain image enhancement technique, which effectively enhances the contrast of an image. We make use of Transformation and Hyperbolization techniques for automatic image enhancement. However, while it takes care of contrast enhancement, a modified histogram equalization technique, Histogram Transformation and Hyperbolization Equalization Technique (HTHET) using optimization method is proposed using EQHIST and LINHIST.
Gefarnate stimulates mucin-like glycoprotein secretion in conjunctival tissue and ameliorates corneal epithelial damage in animal dry-eye models (2013)

These results suggest that gefarnate stimulates in vitro secretion of mucin-like glycoprotein in conjunctival tissue and ameliorates corneal epithelial damage in animal dry-eye models. Gefarnate may therefore be effective for treating dry eye.
Functional analysis of the missense APOC3 mutation Ala23Thr associated with human hypotriglyceridemia (2010)

We have shown that expression of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III promotes VLDL secretion from transfected McA-RH7777 cells under lipid-rich conditions. To determine structural elements within apoC-III that confer to this function, we contrasted wild-type apoC-III with a mutant Ala23Thr originally identified in hypotriglyceridemia subjects. Although synthesis of [(3)H]glycerol-labeled TAG was comparable between cells expressing wild-type apoC-III (C3wt cells) or Ala23Thr mutant (C3AT cells), secretion of [(3)H]TAG from C3AT cells was markedly decreased. The lowered [(3)H]TAG secretion was associated with an inability of C3AT cells to assemble VLDL(1). Moreover, [(3)H]TAG within the microsomal lumen in C3AT cells was 60% higher than that in C3wt cells, yet the activity of microsomal triglyceride-transfer protein in C3AT cells was not elevated. The accumulated [(3)H]TAG in C3AT microsomal lumen was mainly associated with lumenal IDL/LDL-like lipoproteins. Phenotypically, this [(3)H]TAG fractionation profiling resembled what was observed in cells treated with brefeldin A, which at low dose specifically blocked the second-step VLDL(1) maturation. Furthermore, lumenal [(35)S]Ala23Thr protein accumulated in IDL/LDL fractions and was absent in VLDL fractions in C3AT cells. These results suggest that the presence of Ala23Thr protein in lumenal IDL/LDL particles might prevent effective fusion between lipid droplets and VLDL precursors. Thus, the current study reveals an important structural element residing within the N-terminal region of apoC-III that governs the second step VLDL(1) maturation.
Studies on the mechanisms of superagonistic pro-differentiating activities of side-chain modified analogs of vitamin D2 (2012)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is implicated in many cellular functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, thus, exerting potential antitumor effects. A major limitation for therapeutic use of 1,25D are its potent calcemic and phosphatemic activities. Therefore, synthetic analogs of 1,25D for use in anticancer therapy should retain cell differentiating potential, with calcemic activity being reduced. Previously, we described pro-differentiating effects of vitamin D2 analogs with extended and branched side-chains. Analogs with side-chains extended by a pair of one (PRI-1906) or two carbon units (PRI-1907) displayed elevated cell-differentiating activity towards some acute leukemia cell lines (AML) in comparison to 1,25D. In this study, the potential mechanism of this superagonistic activity of the analogs was addressed. At first, possible differences in the expression of CYP24A1, a major catabolizing enzyme for vitamin D compounds and resulting differences in the degradation of analogs were investigated. In addition, interactions of the analogs with vitamin D receptor (VDR) and resulting activation of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) were studied. The results obtained show that superagonistic pro-differentiating activities of analogs PRI-1906 and PRI-1907 do not seem to be caused by their altered catabolism, but most probably by altered interactions with VDR and resulting downstream proteins.
Transcatheter and Ablative Therapeutic Approaches for Solid Malignancies (2007)

The purpose of this article is to present in a concise manner an overview of the most widely used locoregional transcatheter and ablative therapies for solid malignancies. An extensive MEDLINE search was performed for this review. Therapies used for liver cancer were emphasized because these therapies are used most commonly in the liver. Applications in pulmonary, renal, and bone tumors were also discussed. These approaches were divided into catheter-based therapies (such as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, bland embolization, and the most recent transcatheter arterial approach with drug-eluting microspheres), ablative therapies (such as chemical [ethanol or acetic acid injection]), and thermal ablative therapies (such as radiofrequency ablation, laser induced thermotherapy, microwave ablation, cryoablation, and extracorporeal high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation). A brief description of each technique and analysis of available data was reported for all therapies. Locoregional transcatheter and ablative therapies continue to be used mostly for palliation, but have also been used with curative intent. A growing body of evidence suggests clear survival benefit, excellent results regarding local tumor control, and improved quality of life. Clinical trials are underway to validate these results. Image-guided transcatheter and ablative approaches currently play an important role in the management of patients with various types of cancer-a role that is likely to grow even more given the technological advances in imaging, image-guidance systems, catheters, ablative tools, and drug delivery systems. As a result, the outcomes of patients with cancer undoubtedly will improve.
Evidence that Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors Suppress Ras Transformation by Interfering with Rho Activity (1995)

Small-molecule inhibitors of the housekeeping enzyme farnesyltransferase (FT) suppress the malignant growth of Ras-transformed cells. Previous work suggested that the activity of these compounds reflected effects on actin stress fiber regulation rather than Ras inhibition. Rho proteins regulate stress fiber formation, and one member of this family, RhoB, is farnesylated in vivo. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that interference with RhoB was the principal basis by which the peptidomimetic FT inhibitor L-739,749 suppressed Ras transformation. The half-life of RhoB was found to be approximately 2 h, supporting the possibility that it could be functionally depleted within the 18-h period required by L-739,749 to induce reversion. Cell treatment with L-739,749 disrupted the vesicular localization of RhoB but did not effect the localization of the closely related RhoA protein. Ras-transformed Rat1 cells ectopically expressing N-myristylated forms of RhoB (Myr-rhoB), whose vesicular localization was unaffected by L-739,749, were resistant to drug treatment. The protective effect of Myr-rhoB required the integrity of the RhoB effector domain and was not due to a gain-of-function effect of myristylation on cell growth. In contrast, Rat1 cells transformed by a myristylated Ras construct remained susceptible to growth inhibition by L-739,749. We concluded that Rho is necessary for Ras transformation and that FT inhibitors suppress the transformed phenotype at least in part by direct or indirect interference with Rho, possibly with RhoB itself.
Comparison of parameter optimization methods for quantitative susceptibility mapping (2020)

Our methods provide a robust parameter optimization framework for variational penalties in QSM reconstruction. The L-curve-based zero-curvature search produced almost optimal results for typical QSM acquisition settings. The frequency analysis method may use a 1.5 to 2.0 correction factor to apply it as a stand-alone method for a wider range of signal-to-noise-ratio settings. This approach may also benefit from fast search algorithms such as the binary search to speed up the process.
A Novel Feature Extraction Method for the Condition Monitoring of Bearings (2021)

This paper presents an innovative approach to the extraction of an indicator for the monitoring of bearing degradation. This approach is based on the principles of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform (HT). The proposed approach extracts the temporal components of oscillating vibration signals called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). These components are classified locally from the highest frequencies to the lowest frequencies. By selecting the appropriate components, it is possible to construct a bank of self-adaptive and automatic filters. Combined with the HT, the EMD allows an estimate of the instantaneous frequency of each IMF. A health indicator called the Hilbert marginal spectrum density is then extracted in order to detect and diagnose the degradation of bearings. This approach was validated on two test benches with variable speeds and loads. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach for the monitoring of ball and roller bearings.
Structures control with the use of the throttling effect, vortex cells and surface generators – Inclined oval-trench dimples (2021)

A promising scientific direction in aerohydromechanics related to structure control is discussed. The combination of structural elements with generated jet-vortex structures makes it possible to intensify the transfer processes and sometimes radically improve the aerodynamic and thermophysical characteristics of technical and energy systems. As examples, we consider the control of the flow around thick bearing surfaces when changing the position of the vortex cell using the throttling effect to intensify the flow circulating in the cell, as well as anomalous intensification of the separated flow and heat transfer in dense single-row packets of oval-trench dimples on the wall with varying orientation angle dimples to a turbulent flow in a narrow channel. The stabilization of the flow around a thick 37% Göttingen airfoil with the location of the vortex cell in the trailing edge region is established. Turbulent heat transfer in a narrow rectangular channel 7 to 1 was calculated on a stabilized hydrodynamic section at Re = 3333 with a single-row OTL packet with a depth of 0.25 with a step between dimples 3. The influence of the oval-trench dimples inclination angle θ in the range from 30° to 56° was analyzed. The angle θ of about 55° is close to optimal, and the relative thermal efficiency approaches 100% with a 55% increase in hydraulic losses. The optimal angle θ corresponding to the highest thermohydraulic efficiency turned out to be close to 48°. The local maximum of the 4-fold increase in the relative heat transfer coincides with the local maximum of the static pressure inside the separation zone in the area of increasing relative friction after it reaches its minimum values, reaching -3.4.
Hookworm-Derived Metabolites Suppress Pathology in a Mouse Model of Colitis and Inhibit Secretion of Key Inflammatory Cytokines in Primary Human Leukocytes (2019)

Iatrogenic hookworm therapy shows promise for treating disorders that result from a dysregulated immune system, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using a murine model of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we demonstrated that low-molecular-weight metabolites derived from both somatic extracts (LMWM-SE) and excretory-secretory products (LMWM-ESP) of the hookworm, <i>Ancylostoma caninum</i>, display anti-inflammatory properties. Administration to mice of LMWM-ESP as well as sequentially extracted fractions of LMWM-SE using both methanol (SE-MeOH) and hexane-dichloromethane-acetonitrile (SE-HDA) resulted in significant protection against T cell-mediated immunopathology, clinical signs of colitis, and impaired histological colon architecture. To assess bioactivity in human cells, we stimulated primary human leukocytes with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of hookworm extracts and showed that SE-HDA suppressed <i>ex vivo</i> production of inflammatory cytokines. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography-MS analyses revealed the presence of 46 polar metabolites, 22 fatty acids, and five short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the LMWM-SE fraction and 29 polar metabolites, 13 fatty acids, and six SCFAs in the LMWM-ESP fraction. Several of these small metabolites, notably the SCFAs, have been previously reported to have anti-inflammatory properties in various disease settings, including IBD. This is the first report showing that hookworms secrete small molecules with both <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> anti-inflammatory bioactivity, and this warrants further exploration as a novel approach to the development of anti-inflammatory drugs inspired by coevolution of gut-dwelling hookworms with their vertebrate hosts.
Abstract 2851: Temporal QT Variability from Bipolar Ventricular Tip-to-Ring Electrograms Predicts Sustained Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia. (2007)

We assessed the hypothesis that ventricular tachycardia / ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) risk stratification based on the repolarization assessment of intracardiac electrograms (EGMs) from implantable devices is feasible. Methods: Bipolar right ventricular tip-to-ring EGMs were recorded at rest (mean heart rate 66 ± 16 bpm) for 5.5 ± 2.6 minutes in 75 patients (58 ± 14 years, 72% men) with ischemic (60%) and non-ischemic (40%) cardiomyopathy who underwent single-chamber Medtronic ICD implantation for primary (77%) or secondary (23%) prevention of SCD. QT variability index (QTVI), variability of Tpeak-Tend area index, and T-wave alternans (TWA) were calculated as previously described elsewhere. Only 41 out of 75 recordings (55%) were eligible for analysis as determined by data quality requirements of the custom software (less than 10% non-analyzable beats or 5% ectopic beats). The endpoint was appropriate ICD therapy for VT/VF during follow-up &gt; 6 months. Results: During mean follow-up of 12 months (range 6–19 months), 12 patients had appropriate ICD therapy. The survival analysis showed that the top quartile of QTVI (&gt; - 0.5) predicts an event-free survival rate from appropriate ICD therapies (p = 0.027). Neither increased Tpeak-Tend area variability nor TWA was associated with a significant increased risk for VT/VF. Conclusions: In this prospective study, temporal QT variability measured from right ventricular tip-to-ring EGMs is associated with increased risk of sustained VT/VF events. Repolarization lability may be present throughout the ventricular myocardium, such that single-site EGMs may provide an effective means for VT/VF risk stratification.