gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsteady Flow Physics of Airfoil Dynamic Stall (2018)

A series of wind-tunnel experiments was conducted on a dynamically pitching NACA 0012 airfoil in order to understand the unsteady flow physics associated with dynamic stall at a transitional Reynolds number of . The airfoil was pitched about the quarter-chord axis following a linear ramp maneuver at . A series of high-frequency unsteady surface pressure measurements were acquired in order to investigate the time-dependent behavior of the flow in the immediate vicinity of the airfoil. These surface pressure measurements actively displayed the evolution of the airfoil boundary layer, leading-edge laminar separation bubble, and dynamic stall vortex. A detailed time-frequency analysis of surface pressure measurements was performed in order to identify the dominant frequencies associated with the unsteady laminar separation bubble. This analysis was also used to study the evolution of the length scales associated with flow structures near the airfoil leading edge, which emerged before the formation of the dynamic stall vortex. Finally, time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements were acquired to study the evolution of the off-body flowfield during the development of dynamic stall.
PRINCESS: Privacy-protecting Rare disease International Network Collaboration via Encryption through Software guard extensionS (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Inhibition of purified isocitrate lyase identified itaconate and oxalate as potential antimetabolites for the riboflavin overproducer Ashbya gossypii (1996)

A specific isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity of 0.17 U (mg protein)<sup>-1</sup> was detected in cultures of the riboflavin-producing fungus <i>Ashbya gossypii</i> during growth on soybean oil. Enzyme activity was not detectable during growth on glucose [<0.005 U (mg protein)<sup>-1</sup>], indicating a regulation. The enzyme was purified 108-fold by means of ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration and cation-exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE of the purified protein showed a homogeneous band with an <i>M</i> <sub>r</sub> of 66000. The <i>M</i> <sub>r</sub> of 254000 determined by gel-filtration chromatography indicated a tetrameric structure of the native protein. The enzyme was found to have a pH optimum for the isocitrate cleavage of 7.0, and the <i>K</i> <sub>m</sub> for <i>threo</i>-DL-isocitrate was determined as 550 μ. Enzyme activity was Mg<sup>2+-</sup> dependent. In regulation studies ICL was weakly inhibited by central metabolites. A concentration of 10 mM phosphoenolpyruvate or 6-phosphogluconate revealed a residual activity of more than 40%. On the other hand, oxalate (<i>K</i> <sub>i</sub>: 4 μM) and itaconate (<i>K</i> <sub>i</sub>: 170 μM) showed a strong inhibition and may therefore be interesting as antimetabolites.
Vertebroplasty by using HA Block for osteoporptic spine fracture (2006)

骨粗鬆性脊椎骨折に対して充填材料にHA Blockを用いて椎体形成術を施行した. 手術法は開発したツールを用いて経椎弓根的に骨折部を整復してインサーターを介してHAブロックを充填することにより骨折部を整復固定した. 術後2カ月で14%に矯正損失が発生したが, 除痛効果は著明であった. HAブロックが椎体外に逸脱した例があったが問題は認められなかった. 肺梗塞や脊柱管への流出がなく極めて安全な充填材料であった. 本法の適応は圧迫骨折と扁平破裂骨折に有効である. 技術的には, 椎体の前壁に海綿骨でしっかりした壁を作ることが重要である. 本術式は小侵襲であり, 骨粗鬆症性骨折に適応されるべきものであることを強調したい.
Abstract 1580: Molecular mechanisms of OSM-induced VEGF in breast cancer (2011)

Abstract Oncostatin M (OSM) is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokine that has been shown to induce expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in astroglioma and in hepatocellular and breast carcinoma. It is also known to induce VEGF in non-cancerous cells such as cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Under hypoxic conditions, VEGF expression is known to be dependent on the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α). Our current studies were designed to determine whether VEGF expression induced by OSM and other IL-6 family members, including IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is likewise dependent on HIF1α in human breast cancer cells. To analyze VEGF expression levels, MDA-MB-231 and T47D human breast cancer cells were cultured in the presence or absence of OSM, IL-6, and LIF, with or without a HIF1α siRNA, for 12 to 72 hrs. All three cytokines significantly induced HIF1α expression by Western blot analysis at each time point in both MDA-MD-231 and T47D cells. Conditioned media from these experiments was also analyzed using ELISA to determine HIF1α-induced VEGF expression. Treatment with OSM resulted in a two- to three-fold induction of secreted VEGF, while treatment with IL-6 and LIF showed no significant induction. In addition, OSM-induced VEGF expression was independent of HIF1α in MDA-MB-231 cells. This was indicated by unchanged secreted VEGF levels despite the reduction of HIF1α expression in siRNA treated groups. In T47D cells however, HIF1α siRNA-treatment for 72 hrs reduced VEGF levels by 40% suggesting that OSM-induced HIF1α may be partially responsible for VEGF expression in this cell line. To summarize, it is important to note that IL-6 and LIF did not induce VEGF expression in two commonly used human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and T47D. Furthermore, OSM-induced VEGF was not dependent on HIF1α in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting regulation of VEGF by an alternative molecular mechanism. Investigations are in progress to better understand mechanisms utilized by breast cancer cells for OSM-induced VEGF expression. Future results could lead to the potential design of OSM-targeted therapeutics. Funded by NIH R15CA137510, ACS RSG-09-276-01-CSM, Susan G. Komen for the Cure KG100513, and NIH/NCRR P20RR016454. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1580. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1580
Pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IFN-γ Promote Tumor Growth and Metastasis via Induction of MACC1 (2020)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Early stage CRC patients have a good prognosis. If distant metastasis occurs, the 5-year survival drops below 10%. Despite treatment success over the last decades, treatment options for metastatic disease are still limited. Therefore, novel targets are needed to foster therapy of advanced stage CRC patients and hinder progression of early stage patients into metastasis. A novel target is the crucial oncogene Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1 (MACC1) involved in molecular pathogenesis of CRC metastasis. MACC1 induces cell proliferation and motility, supports cellular survival and rewires metabolism resulting in increased metastasis <i>in vivo</i>. MACC1 is a prognostic biomarker not only for CRC but for more than 20 solid cancer entities. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. For CRC, inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis are important inflammation associated risk factors. Certain cytokines, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, are key factors in determining the contribution of the inflammatory process to CRC. Knowledge of the connection between inflammation and MACC1 driven tumors remains unclear. Gene expression analysis of CRC cells after cytokine stimulation was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cellular motility was assessed by Boyden chamber assays. MACC1 promoter activity after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured using promoter-luciferase constructs. To investigate signal transduction from receptor to effector molecules, blocking experiments using neutralizing antibodies and knockdown experiments were performed. Following TNF-α stimulation, MACC1 and c-Jun expression were significantly increased at the mRNA and protein level. Knockdown of c-Jun reduced MACC1 inducibility following TNF-α stimulation. TNF-α promoted MACC1-induced cell migration that was reverted following MACC1 knockdown. Moreover, MACC1 and c-Jun expression were downregulated by blocking TNFR1, but not TNFR2. Knock down of the NF-κB subunit, p65, reduced basal MACC1 and c-Jun mRNA expression levels. Adalimumab, a clinically approved monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody, hindered MACC1 induction. The present study highlights that TNF-α regulates the induction of MACC1 via the NF-κB subunit p65 and the transcription factor c-Jun in CRC cells. This finding unravels a novel signaling pathway upstream of MACC1 and provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC patients with an associated inflammation.
GCxGC with NEMS - Initial Data. (2009)

Abstract not provided.
Effect of surface application of benzylaminopurine before and during water deficit on herbage production and quality (2008)

Insufficient water availability is one of the most serious environmental stresses for a plant and can be a major limitation to herbage production in many regions. Plant hormones, such as cytokinins, have been reported to reduce the detrimental effects of low water availability in many different plant species. However, there is little research available concerning the effect on pasture grasses. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effect of surface applications of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) before and during water deficit on herbage growth and quality of perennial ryegrass–white clover pastures. Pastures fertilised with BAP were compared with unfertilised pastures and pastures receiving nitrogen. Exogenous BAP application did not significantly affect herbage production or quality relative to unfertilised pastures. Nitrogen fertiliser increased total herbage production, but had little effect on herbage quality compared with BAP. The failure of surface applications of exogenous BAP to improve herbage production or quality suggests that it is not an appropriate method to enhance plant tolerance to water deficit at the concentration applied in this study.
Model-Based 3-D Object Identification. (1998)

Abstract : The ATR technique developed in this project is based on a new non-linear pose estimator rather than on search mechanisms. Low false alarm rate performance is obtained by not forming a pose invariant detector but instead by incorporating pose dependent object information within the recognition process. The ATR is factored into a computationally intensive preparation process and a fast on-line target identification process. The approach is model-based and free of assumptions about the imaging process and object characteristics, and, can be applied to ATR and the estimation of pose parameters for articulated or multi-configuration targets from image and non-image sensor data. In this work, the initial concept of the pose estimator for 1 DOF (degree-of-freedom) problems was developed into a system for N DOF whole and partially obscured target pose indexing and recognition. Performance was demonstrated at the level of filter bank implementations for 1 DOF problems at 1/17 the computational cost for unobscured targets and false alarm rates orders of magnitude better than that of the filter bank approach for obscured targets. The computational savings further increase with N for N DOF problems. The report contains ROC curves obtained from tests using the public MSTAR data set.
New Algorithms and Lower Bounds for Monotonicity Testing (2014)

We consider the problem of testing whether an unknown Boolean function f : {- 1, 1} <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> → {-1, 1} is monotone versus ε-far from every monotone function. The two main results of this paper are a new lower bound and a new algorithm for this well-studied problem. Lower bound: We prove an Ω̅(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/5</sup> ) lower bound on the query complexity of any non-adaptive two-sided error algorithm for testing whether an unknown Boolean function f is monotone versus constant-far from monotone. This gives an exponential improvement on the previous lower bound of Ω(log n) due to Fischer et al. [1]. We show that the same lower bound holds for monotonicity testing of Boolean-valued functions over hypergrid domains {1,···, m} <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> for all m ≥ 2. Upper bound: We present an O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5/6</sup> ) poly(1/ε)-query algorithm that tests whether an unknown Boolean function f is monotone versus ε-far from monotone. Our algorithm, which is non-adaptive and makes one-sided error, is a modified version of the algorithm of Chakrabarty and Seshadhri[2], which makes O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7/8</sup> ) poly(1/ε) queries.
Elevated levels of activin A in clinical and experimental pulmonary hypertension (2009)

Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, is involved in regulation of tissue remodeling and inflammation. Herein, we wanted to explore a role for activin A in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Circulating levels of activin A and its binding protein follistatin were measured in patients with PH (n = 47) and control subjects (n = 14). To investigate synthesis and localization of pulmonary activin A, we utilized an experimental model of hypoxia-induced PH. In mouse lungs, we also explored signaling pathways that can be activated by activin A, such as phosphorylation of Smads, which are mediators of TGF-beta signaling. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms initiated by activin A were explored by exposing pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in culture to this cytokine. Elevated levels of activin A and follistatin were found in patients with PH, and activin A levels were significantly related to mortality. Immunohistochemistry of lung autopsies from PH patients and lungs with experimental PH localized activin A primarily to alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells. Mice with PH exhibited increased pulmonary levels of mRNA for activin A and follistatin in the lungs, and also elevated pulmonary levels of phosphorylated Smad2. Finally, we found that activin A increased proliferation and induced gene expression of endothelin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, mediators that could contribute to vascular remodeling. Our findings in both clinical and experimental studies suggest a role for activin A in the development of various types of PH.
Functional imaging of the lungs with gas agents (2015)

This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of the three major classes of gas contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-hyperpolarized (HP) gas, molecular oxygen, and fluorinated gas--and their application to clinical pulmonary research. During the past several years there has been accelerated development of pulmonary MRI. This has been driven in part by concerns regarding ionizing radiation using multidetector computed tomography (CT). However, MRI also offers capabilities for fast multispectral and functional imaging using gas agents that are not technically feasible with CT. Recent improvements in gradient performance and radial acquisition methods using ultrashort echo time (UTE) have contributed to advances in these functional pulmonary MRI techniques. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the main functional imaging methods and gas agents are compared and applications to measures of ventilation, diffusion, and gas exchange are presented. Functional lung MRI methods using these gas agents are improving our understanding of a wide range of chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cystic fibrosis in both adults and children.
Synthesis of Ethers via Reaction of Carbanions and Monoperoxyacetals (2015)

Although transfer of electrophilic alkoxyl ("RO+") from organic peroxides to organometallics offers a complement to traditional methods for etherification, application has been limited by constraints associated with peroxide reactivity and stability. We now demonstrate that readily prepared tetrahydropyranyl monoperoxyacetals react with sp(3) and sp(2) organolithium and organomagnesium reagents to furnish moderate to high yields of ethers. The method is successfully applied to the synthesis of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and cyclopropyl ethers, mixed O,O-acetals, and S,S,O-orthoesters. In contrast to reactions of dialkyl and alkyl/silyl peroxides, the displacements of monoperoxyacetals provide no evidence for alkoxy radical intermediates. At the same time, the high yields observed for transfer of primary, secondary, or tertiary alkoxides, the latter involving attack on neopentyl oxygen, are inconsistent with an SN2 mechanism. Theoretical studies suggest a mechanism involving Lewis acid promoted insertion of organometallics into the O-O bond.
Apatinib (YN968D1) Reverses Multidrug Resistance by Inhibiting the Efflux Function of Multiple ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters (2010)

Apatinib, a small-molecule multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is in phase III clinical trial for the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in China. In this study, we determined the effect of apatinib on the interaction of specific antineoplastic compounds with P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2). Our results showed that apatinib significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of ABCB1 or ABCG2 substrate drugs in KBv200, MCF-7/adr, and HEK293/ABCB1 cells overexpressing ABCB1 and in S1-M1-80, MCF-7/FLV1000, and HEK293/ABCG2-R2 cells overexpressing ABCG2 (wild-type). In contrast, apatinib did not alter the cytotoxicity of specific substrates in the parental cells and cells overexpressing ABCC1. Apatinib significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 and doxorubicin in the multidrug resistance (MDR) cells. Furthermore, apatinib significantly inhibited the photoaffinity labeling of both ABCB1 and ABCG2 with [(125)I]iodoarylazidoprazosin in a concentration-dependent manner. The ATPase activity of both ABCB1 and ABCG2 was significantly increased by apatinib. However, apatinib, at a concentration that produced a reversal of MDR, did not significantly alter the ABCB1 or ABCG2 protein or mRNA expression levels or the phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Importantly, apatinib significantly enhanced the effect of paclitaxel against the ABCB1-resistant KBv200 cancer cell xenografts in nude mice. In conclusion, apatinib reverses ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated MDR by inhibiting their transport function, but not by blocking the AKT or ERK1/2 pathway or downregulating ABCB1 or ABCG2 expression. Apatinib may be useful in circumventing MDR to other conventional antineoplastic drugs.
Influence of Obesity on Periodontitis Progression Is Conditional on Interleukin‐1 Inflammatory Genetic Variation (2016)

In this longitudinally monitored male population, observed effect of baseline central adiposity on future periodontitis progression is conditional on proinflammatory IL-1 genetic variations.
Time-resolved retardance and optic-axis angle measurement system for characterization of flexoelectro-optic liquid crystal and other birefringent devices (2018)

A new polarimeter is presented which gives time-resolved measurements of both the optic-axis angle and the linear phase retardation for modulated birefringent optical devices. It is suitable for characterizing dynamic waveplate devices based on liquid crystal and other materials. It is fully automated and requires no angular alignment of the device under test. The system has an absolute angle error of < ± 0.3° and a retardance error of < ± 0.44°, with considerably better relative accuracy. The method has been tested with a chiral nematic liquid crystal device exhibiting flexoelectro-optic switching at 3 kHz in the uniform lying helix mode. These results represent the first time-resolved tilt-angle and phase retardation measurements for a liquid crystal device operating at fast switching frequencies.
High Gradient Acceleration of Electrons in a Laser-driven Dielectric Accelerator (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. A. Peralta, K. Soong, R. J. England, E. R. Colby, C. McGuinness, J. McNeur, B. Montazeri, Z. Wu, and R. L. Byer, "HIGH GRADIENT ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS IN A LASER-DRIVEN DIELECTRIC ACCELERATOR," in Frontiers in Optics 2013, P. Delyett, Jr. and D. Gauthier, eds., OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper LM4H.5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Multifunctional Role of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Efficient Microalgae Separation and Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction (2017)

In this work, the efficiency of extracting algae from culture medium using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), converting the algal/particle slurry to biocrude using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), and successfully recycling the MNPs from the char phase was fully demonstrated for the first time. MNPs were synthesized by coprecipitation and used to extract algae from aqueous phase at a separation efficiency (SE) of 99%. The SE was optimized at pH 4. Liquefaction of algal/MNPs slurry gave a biocrude yield of 37.1% while algae only yielded 23.2%. The percentage areas in the GC-MS chromatogram corresponding to hydrocarbons (HCs) in Zn-ferrite catalyzed and uncatalyzed biocrude were 46.5% and 19.9%, respectively, while the percentage areas of heptadecane from Zn-ferrite catalyzed and uncatalyzed biocrude were 37.8% and 10%, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage area of heteroatom compounds in biocrude reduced substantially when liquefaction was done in the presence of Zn/Mg ferrites. The nanoparticles were recovered from biochar by sonication and recycled at a SE of 96.1%. Recycling of MNPs for magnetic separation of algae and catalytic HTL could lower the cost of microalgae harvesting and improve the yield and quality of biocrude. This could potentially reduce the cost of advanced biofuel processing from microalgae, making them more affordable in comparison to petroleum-derived fuels.
Bone Loss in Thyroid Disease (2007)

More than 10% of postmenopausal women in the United States receive thyroid hormone replacement therapy and up to 20% of these women are over-replaced inducing subclinical hyperthyroidism. Because hyperthyroidism and post menopausal osteoporosis overlap in women of advancing age, it is urgent to understand the effect of thyroid hormone excess on bone. We can now provide results that not thyroid hormones but also TSH itself has an equally important role to play in bone remodeling.