gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Claims Avoidance - New Trend (2010)

There have been constant changes in the era of claims. With the advancement in the technology, availability of new tools and contract documents upgrades, the volume of the claims has taken a down trend (gone down). Contractors have been trying to find new ways to claim extra dollars from the Owner. The schemes of delays in responses, design deficiencies, RFI response delays, change order processing and many others claims areas have taken a down turn with the advancement of computer, automation and technology. In this paper the author will address: 1. Old Trend and past history – few typical claims type/areas. 2. New Trend – Claim reduction. 3. Advancement in technology – factors contributing to the reduction in past claims types 4. Contract documents updates – Well defined requirements in the General Conditions (GC). 5. Claims tracking, documentation and timely resolution. 6. Independent audits and technical evaluations. 7. Partnering and Team work. 8. Potential debarment of the contractor from future work due to continued false claims. 9. Smart Owner and Owner’s staff. 10. Comparative analysis of old and new claims and contributing factors. Note: Owner implies Owner, Designer and CM team. The author has been constantly monitoring the trend in the claims area for over 25 years. He has noticed that the contractor who has been finding deficiencies in the contract documents and management processes, and was able to easily convince the Owner’s staff in variety of known claims areas, for significant size claims, is now finding great difficulty. He/she is unable to take advantage of the Owner weaknesses. The Owner’s challenge and recent won of few large claims has created negative publicity of few contractors. The Contractor is now unable to take advantage of Owner’s past fear of extra litigations costs. By defining the claim’s clause and adding new process requirements in a new fresh way, the justification, documentation and the burden of proof has significantly increased on the part of the contractor. It has also added a third party assessment as an option. The contractor audit and potential debarment clause has made the contractor to think twice and submit only the valid claims without any grey area. The author has found that the contractor is now breaking down the claims into smaller sizes and large quantities. The contractor has been successful with this approach, as most claims are for deferring site conditions and scope change.
Identification of an Au(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compound as a Bactericidal Agent Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2022)

The opportunistic pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) causes infections that are difficult to treat, which is due to the bacterial resistance to antibiotics. We herein identify a gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene compound as a highly potent antibacterial agent towards <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. The compound significantly attenuates <i>P. aeruginosa</i> virulence and leads to low tendency to develop bacterial resistance. The antibacterial mechanism studies show that the compound abrogates bacterial membrane integrity, exhibiting a high bactericidal activity toward <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. The relatively low cytotoxic compound has excellent therapeutic effects on both the eukaryotic cell co-culture and murine wound infection experiments, suggesting its potential application as a bactericidal agent to combat <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection.
Fabrication of Textured Silicon Carbide via Seeded Anisotropic Grain Growth (1996)

Highly textured silicon carbide was fabricated via anisotropic grain growth. Large, platelike grains were grown from a fine‐grained sintered matrix which had been seeded with ≤2% SiC platelets. The seeds were initially incorporated with preferred orientation during the green‐state forming process and this resulted in oriented growth of the platelike grains. The development of texture in the samples was evident from microstructure observations and X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Combined adult neurogenesis and BDNF mimic exercise effects on cognition in an Alzheimer’s mouse model (2018)

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is impaired before the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We found that exercise provided cognitive benefit to 5×FAD mice, a mouse model of AD, by inducing AHN and elevating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neither stimulation of AHN alone, nor exercise, in the absence of increased AHN, ameliorated cognition. We successfully mimicked the beneficial effects of exercise on AD mice by genetically and pharmacologically inducing AHN in combination with elevating BDNF levels. Suppressing AHN later led to worsened cognitive performance and loss of preexisting dentate neurons. Thus, pharmacological mimetics of exercise, enhancing AHN and elevating BDNF levels, may improve cognition in AD. Furthermore, applied at early stages of AD, these mimetics may protect against subsequent neuronal cell death.
Parallel algorithms for physical design (2003)

Parallel algorithms are developed for three problems that are commonly encountered in the physical design of VLSI circuits. These are maze routing using Lee's router, the 0/1 knapsack problems, and linear assignment. The latter two problems are frequently encountered in the placement and routing phases of standard cell and sea of gates chip design. The algorithms presented here have been programmed on the NCUBE hypercube multicomputer. Experimental results indicating the amount of speedup achieved are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Patterns of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Monomethylation and Erythroid Cell Type-specific Gene Expression (2011)

Post-translational histone modifications, acting alone or in a context-dependent manner, influence numerous cellular processes via their regulation of gene expression. Monomethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (K27me1) is a poorly understood histone modification. Some reports describe depletion of K27Me1 at promoters and transcription start sites (TSS), implying its depletion at TSS is necessary for active transcription, while others have associated enrichment of H3K27me1 at TSS with increased levels of mRNA expression. Tissue- and gene-specific patterns of H3K27me1 enrichment and their correlation with gene expression were determined via chromatin immunoprecipitation on chip microarray (ChIP-chip) and human mRNA expression array analyses. Results from erythroid cells were compared with those in neural and muscle cells. H3K27me1 enrichment varied depending on levels of cell-type specific gene expression, with highest enrichment over transcriptionally active genes. Over individual genes, the highest levels of H3K27me1 enrichment were found over the gene bodies of highly expressed genes. In contrast to H3K4me3, which was highly enriched at the TSS of actively transcribing genes, H3K27me1 was selectively depleted at the TSS of actively transcribed genes. There was markedly decreased to no H3K27me1 enrichment in genes with low expression. At some locations, H3K27 monomethylation was also found to be associated with chromatin signatures of gene enhancers.
Supplementary data for "Identification of potential inhibitors targeting BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma cells" (2020)

Supplementary Figures and Tables for the publication &amp;quot;Identification of potential inhibitors targeting BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma cells&amp;quot;
Differential activation of <i>ABI3</i> and <i>LEA</i> genes upon plant parasitic nematode infection (2005)

SUMMARY Promoter activity of ABI3 and of three LEA genes was monitored in Arabidopsis transgenics infected with Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne incognita. ABI3::GUS expression was induced (in four different promoter deletion constructs) during early infection stages with H. schachtii. Similar GUS expression patterns, though slightly later in time compared with ABI3, were observed for one of the LEA promoter constructs, whereas the other two were not induced by H. schachtii. Expression was mainly observed in the syncytia. In contrast, little or no reporter gene expression was observed upon infection with M. incognita. The data suggest a role for ABI3 during the formation and active growth of the syncytium and demonstrate a marked difference between syncytium and giant cell ontogenesis.
In-situ TEM observation of in-plane silicon nanowires growth via solid-liquid-solid process: reactive wetting of indium droplets on a-Si:H (2016)

We consider the solid-liquid-solid (SLS) process of in-plane silicon nanowire growth from a point of view of spontaneous motion of indium (In) droplets on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) coated substrates, and intermixing with the a-Si:H layer and precipitating crystalline silicon (c-Si) nanowires (NWs). Detailed SEM studies of the nanowires system (drop diameter, trench width, and a-Si:H thickness) and their interdependence unveils a reactive-wetting behaviour of In droplets on a-Si:H, which is in perfect agreement with the in-situ TEM observation. We propose that this reactive wetting process transforms a-Si:H to c-Si, so that establishes a substrate energy gradient between the In contacts with a-Si:H at its advancing edge and with the substrate at its receding edge. This energy gradient activates the spontaneous movement of the drop which thereby maintains its contact with a-Si:H and allows a continuous nanowire growth. We suggest that the anisotropic wetting profile of In droplets results in the random growth of nanowires, which cannot be avoided on flat substrate. Thus, we study the mechanism and stability of step-guided growth approach, aiming at high yield self-organisation of in-plane silicon nanowires.
Potentiation of the erythropoietin response by dimethyl sulfoxide priming of erythroleukemia cells: evidence for interaction of two signaling pathways (1990)

Erythropoietin (Epo) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are believed to induce the differentiation of transformed erythroid cells by different signal transduction pathways. We have now obtained evidence for the interaction of these pathways. We used a Rauscher murine erythroleukemia cell line with a relatively low (8% to 10%) hemoglobinization response to Epo alone. Pretreatment of these cells for 1 day with DMSO followed by its removal and the addition of Epo resulted in a marked enhancement of the Epo specific hemoglobinization. We have designated this effect "DMSO priming." This priming effect of DMSO on the Epo response was both time-dependent and DMSO concentration-dependent. DMSO priming potentiated the Epo response in three ways. Firstly, DMSO priming increased the total number of Epo responsive cells from 8% to 10% to 40% to 60%. Secondly, DMSO priming reduced the time required to reach the optimal Epo-induced response from 4 days to 2 days. Thirdly, the Epo dose-response curve was left-shifted approximately 20-fold. DMSO priming was also associated with a marked increase in Epo receptor density characterized by an apparently new receptor population and by the appearance of positive cooperativity between receptors. Our results suggest that the DMSO priming effect is due to potentiation of the Epo signaling pathway, thus resulting in a much more rapid and dramatic Epo-induced hemoglobinization response.
Construction of Codes for Wiretap Channel and Secret Key Agreement from Correlated Source Outputs by Using Sparse Matrices (2009)

The aim of this paper is to prove coding theorems for the wiretap channel coding problem and secret key agreement problem based on the the notion of a hash property for an ensemble of functions. These theorems imply that codes using sparse matrices can achieve the optimal rate. Furthermore, fixed-rate universal coding theorems for a wiretap channel and a secret key agreement are also proved.
Thermoplastic polyacetals: chemistry from the past for a sustainable future? (2018)

This review serves as a guide to the synthesis and applications of thermoplastic polyacetals, highlighting in particular sustainability and degradability aspects.
Noncollinear type-II second-harmonic generation in a Al(0.3)Ga(0.7)As/Al2O3 one-dimensional photonic crystal (2004)

We demonstrate noncollinear type-II second-harmonic generation in one-dimensional photonic crystals. A 15-period Al(0.3)Ga(0.7)As/Al2O3 structure, 3.5 μm long, was designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. We measured an effective nonlinearity of (52±12) pm/V in perfect phase-matching conditions.
Deterministic and statistical methods for reconstructing multidimensional NMR spectra (2006)

Reconstruction of an image from a set of projections is a well-established science, successfully exploited in X-ray tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This principle has been adapted to generate multidimensional NMR spectra, with the key difference that, instead of continuous density functions, high-resolution NMR spectra comprise discrete features, relatively sparsely distributed in space. For this reason, a reliable reconstruction can be made from a small number of projections. This speeds the measurements by orders of magnitude compared to the traditional methodology, which explores all evolution space on a Cartesian grid, one step at a time. Speed is of crucial importance for structural investigations of biomolecules such as proteins and for the investigation of time-dependent phenomena. Whereas the recording of a suitable set of projections is a straightforward process, the reconstruction stage can be more problematic. Several practical reconstruction schemes are explored. The deterministic methods-additive back-projection and the lowest-value algorithm-derive the multidimensional spectrum directly from the experimental projections. The statistical search methods include iterative least-squares fitting, maximum entropy, and model-fitting schemes based on Bayesian analysis, particularly the reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure. These competing reconstruction schemes are tested on a set of six projections derived from the three-dimensional 700-MHz HNCO spectrum of a 187-residue protein (HasA) and compared in terms of reliability, absence of artifacts, sensitivity to noise, and speed of computation.
Novel LHRH-receptor-targeted cytolytic peptide, EP-100: first-in-human phase I study in patients with advanced LHRH-receptor-expressing solid tumors (2014)

EP-100 was well tolerated in patients with advanced, LHRH-receptor-expressing solid tumors. The recommended phase 2 dose is 40 mg/m(2) twice weekly for 3 of 4 weeks per cycle.
Emphysema Quantification by Low-Dose CT: Potential Impact of Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction Using 3D Processing (2012)

The use of adaptive iterative dose reduction using 3D processing resulted in greater consistency of emphysema quantification by low-dose CT, with quantification by standard-dose CT.
Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of a New Series of Potent Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: Pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine Derivatives. (1999)

We have already reported 7-oxo-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives, which are potent in vitro angiotensin II (AII) antagonists, but have no oral antihypertensive activity. Removal of the carboxylic acid and replacement of the heteroaromatic system afforded potent in vitro antagonists. Removal of the carbonyl oxygen and changing the position of the biphenyltetrazole substituent were critical to the display of oral activity. To improve the in vitro and oral activities, modifications were made of the substituents at the 3- and 5-positions of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. Structure-activity studies showed the methyl substituent at the 3-position to be essential for potent in vivo activity. We present the design, syntheses, and biological data of a series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives, which are orally active AII receptor antagonists.
A Submicron Emulsion as Ocular Vehicle for Delta-8-Tetrahydro cannabinol: Effect on Intraocular Pressure in Rabbits (1992)

delta 8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 8-THC), a known antiglaucoma lipophilic drug, was incorporated in a submicron emulsion for ocular administration. The mean droplet size of the emulsion was 130 +/- 41 nm, and no droplet was larger than 400 nm. No change in pH, particle size distribution or zeta potential was noted after sterilization by steam autoclaving or long-term storage over 9 months. An intense and long-lasting intraocular pressure (IOP)-depressant effect was observed after ocular application (50 microliters) of the THC emulsion, 0.4% (w/w), to rabbits with ocular hypertension (chymotrypsin model). Lesser effects were observed in normotensive rabbits. No irritation effect of either the emulsion vehicle or THC emulsion on the rabbit eyes was detected. These results underline the promising properties of submicron emulsions as vehicles for lipophilic ophthalmic drugs. The mechanism by which the emulsion induced the marked delta 8-THC antiglaucoma effect remains unclear. However, the possible involvement of delta 8-THC systemic absorption in the hypotensive effect induced by the emulsion cannot be excluded and will be the subject of further investigation.
ChemInform Abstract: A New ′Solid Phase′ Procedure to Synthesize Immunotoxins (Antibody‐ Ribosome Inactivating Protein Conjugates). (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamic analysis of absence seizures in humans: all the same but all different (2010)

Purpose: Absences are characterized by an abrupt onset and end of generalized 3–4Hz spike and wave discharges (GSW), accompanied by unresponsiveness. Although previous EEG-fMRI studies showed that thalamus, default mode areas and caudate nuclei are involved in absence seizures, the contribution of these regions throughout the ictal evolution of absences remains unclear. Furthermore animal models provide evidence that absences are initiated by a cortical focus with a secondary involvement of the thalamus. The aim of this study was to investigate dynamic changes during absences.
Study of coupling efficiency of wireless Power Transfer systems in implanted applications (2014)

There exist many applications for coupling power wirelessly to devices implanted in the human body. In this paper, we explore the effect of changing the dimensions of the receiving antenna embedded within dry skin while keeping the transmitter's size and other factors such as the frequency of operation and surrounding materials constant. Using full-wave simulations carried out in HFSS, followed by equivalent circuit simulations in ADS, we arrive at values for the Power Transfer Efficiency, PTE, and the coupling coefficient, k, which can be used to model the wireless link. The dependence of these parameters on the cross-sectional area is studied and the results reported.
Brom-Additionsprodukte von N,N-Dialkylanilinen - Darstellung und Reaktionen (Aminobenzole ; 17) (1983)

In inerten Lösungsmitteln bilden 4-Brom-N,N-dialkylaniline 1 mit Brom schwerlösliche, isolierbare 1:1-Additionsverbindungen 2 bzw. 3. Durch vergleichende IR- und UV-spektroskopische Untersuchungen werden die Addukte 2 strukturell als CT-Komplexe (π-Komplexe), die Addukte 3 als N-Bromanilinium-bromide gesichert. Die Addukte 2 reagieren in polaren Lösungsmitteln (Dimethylformamid, Essigsäure, Methanol) zu Substitutions- 6 und Entalkylierungsprodukten 7, in Aceton entsteht aus 2a als Hauptprodukt N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylbenzidin (9). Radikalkationen 10 werden für Folgereaktionen als entscheidende Zwischenstufen postuliert. Die Abspaltungstendenz der Alkylgruppen nimmt in der Reihenfolge Isopropyl &gt; Ethyl &gt; Methyl ab. Die N-Bromverbindungen 3 ergeben unter gleichen Bedingungen überwiegend Ausgangsaniline 1 und nur einen geringen Anteil an Substitutionsprodukten 6; Entalkylierung und Benzidinbildung werden nicht beobachtet.
Photochemical energy conversion by membrane-bound photoredox systems. Final report (1994)

This project has received DOE support since July 1, 1978. During this period, 40 papers have been published dealing predominantly with chlorophyll-photosensitized electron transfer reactions in a variety of media (solutions, polymer films, lipid bilayer membranes). The overall theme of this work has been to develop mechanistic strategies f or photochemical energy storage via chlorophyll, using the green plant photosynthetic system as a paradigm for designing in vitro systems. Microheterogeneous lipid vesicle suspensions allow ready application of time-resolved optical spectroscopy to follow the course of light-induced electron transfer processes. Both the yields and the lifetimes of electron transfer products were markedly improved in the vesicle systems. In subsequent studies, this compartmentalization was favorably manipulated by controlling the electrical charge on the membrane surface, by controlling the solubility properties of the acceptors, by varying the lipid composition, by using mediators to create a concentration gradient to carry electrons from within the bilayer to the aqueous medium, and by incorporating secondary electron acceptors into the aqueous phase.
A Novel Fragment Recommendation Workflow using Direct and Indirect Transfer of SAR According to Integrated Similarities of Scaffold Motifs and SAR Trends: Application to Identifying Factor Xa Inhibitors (2017)

Here we report a new drug design workflow that facilitates the transfer of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and recommends alternative fragments from SAR databases. We first prepare two collections of matched molecular series (MMS) comprising a query set of compounds with their SARs and a set derived from reference SAR databases. The second step detects MMS from the reference SAR sources, which identifies profiles similar to a query MMS according to integrated similarities of scaffold shapes and SAR trends. The third step enumerates new compounds with improved activity profiles compared with a query compound computed using a collaborative filtering algorithm. Our workflow detected direct and latent relationships between a query MMS and those derived from the reference SAR sources. Retrospective application of this workflow to the identification of factor Xa inhibitors yielded recommendations with higher predictive accuracy than a conventional quantitative SAR technique. Moreover, potent S1 binding elements were identified using SAR knowledge independent of information about ligand-protein complexes.
Standardization of a technique for analysing the frequency of parasite‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in cattle immunized with <i>Theileria parva</i> (1992)

A limiting dilution microculture system was optimized to quantify the frequency of Theileria parva-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from immune cattle. Optimal results were obtained with responder cell input levels ranging from 2 x 10(4)/well to 6.25 x 10(2)/well, along with 1-5 x 10(3)/well stimulator cells in standard supplemented RPMI 1640 medium containing 2.5-5% T cell growth factors. Thirty-six microtitre wells were established at each responder input level. Cultures were incubated for 7 days at 38 degrees C, at the end of which time individual wells were screened for cytotoxic activity in a 4-h 111indium oxine-release assay. Analysis of the cytotoxicity data, by a computer-programmed maximum likelihood estimation method indicated that they conformed to the Poisson model of single-hit kinetics. Estimates of frequencies ranged from 1:3600 to 1:5275 CTLp in PBMC of eight cattle between 1 and 24 months after immunization with T. parva. By contrast, no CTLp were detected in six naïve animals analysed to a responder cell input of 10(5)/well. Split-well analysis of individual microwells showed that the CTL clones generated under limiting dilution conditions displayed exquisite specificity for parasitized cells, were genetically restricted and in some animals were parasite strain-specific.