gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
I won’t forget that: Partial forgetting in visual working memory is not due to binding errors. (2019)

It is still unknown if and when cues to forget information in visual working memory (VWM) will lead to complete loss versus partial loss of information. Furthermore, instances of partial forgetting of to-be-forgotten (TBF) stimuli may be due to poor object-location binding or to loss of object details. The goal of the current study was to determine if partial forgetting occurs in VWM even when object-location binding errors are ruled out, and if memory detail (encoding time) and stability (cue onset) impact explicit and implicit memory for to-be forgotten information. Participants encoded four real-world objects for 1,200ms or 2,000ms (encoding time) followed by a fixation cross for 50ms or 250ms (cue onset) before a cue appeared, indicating the to-be-remembered (TBR) side of the display. Three types of changes occurred: (1) a new stimulus replaced a TBR stimulus (new change), (2) the TBR stimuli changed locations (location change), or (3) a stimulus from the TBF side of the display replaced a TBR stimulus (TBF change). Replicating previous research, participants had higher accuracy for TBR information on cue trials relative to no cue trials, suggesting that some forgetting occurred. However, participants had significantly lower accuracy on TBF change trials relative to new change trials, indicating that participants were not completely forgetting the TBF information. Additionally, location change accuracy was equivalent to new change accuracy, suggesting that partial forgetting of TBF items was not due to object-location binding errors. This partial loss of TBF information occurred similarly for both encoding times and cue onsets. Furthermore, eye movement data revealed implicit memory for TBR information when participants encoded stimuli for 2,000ms. Overall, these results suggest that forgetting in VWM does not lead to complete loss of TBF information.
Discrimination of Neolacto-Series Gangliosides with α2−3- and α2−6-Linked <i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminic Acid by Nanoelectrospray Ionization Low-Energy Collision-Induced Dissociation Tandem Quadrupole TOF MS (2003)

A combined strategy of thin-layer chromatography immunostaining and negative ion nanoelectrospray low-energy CID mass spectrometry was established for the differentiation of isomeric alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 sialylated neolacto-series monosialogangliosides from human granulocytes. The gangliosides investigated differed in the ceramide moiety by substitution with C16:0 or C24:1 fatty acid and in their oligosaccharide chains due to nLc4 and nLc6 core structures. With respect to the type of sialylation, the homogeneity of the HPLC-purified ganglioside fractions was verified by use of specific anti-Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R and anti-Neu5Acalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R antibodies. A clear-cut series of fragment ions for both types of isomeric gangliosides, carrying alpha2-3- and alpha2-6-linked neuraminic acid, respectively, was obtained by low-energy CID. Additionally, a characteristic ring cleavage was detected exclusively in all species with Neu5Acalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAc terminus, regardless of ceramide fatty acid and oligosaccharide chain lengths. The diagnostic (0,2)X(4/6) ions, generated by ring cleavage of an alpha2-6-linked neuraminic acid are accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of the corresponding Y(4)/Y(6) ions. These results suggest the unequivocal discrimination of individual alpha2-3- and alpha2-6-sialylated neolacto-series monosialogangliosides by distinct fragmentation patterns in low-energy CID tandem MS.
Soil Quality of a Mature Alley Cropping Agroforestry System in Temperate North America (2014)

Long-term effects of alley cropping on soils in the temperate zone are not widely known. Management, landscape, and soil depth effects on soil physical and biological properties were examined in a silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) no-till corn (Zea mays L.)- soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation established in 1990 in northeast Missouri. Soils from crop alleys and tree rows were collected along transects traversing upper to lower landscape positions at three depths. Fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, and dehydrogenase activities were measured. Soil bulk density, aggregate stability, carbon (C), nitrogen N), and enzyme activities decreased with soil depth in alley and tree rows except for glucosaminidase. Soil physical and biological parameters did not differ significantly between alley and tree row. Landscape position effects were not significant for management or depth. Tree establishment improves soil quality in the crop alley as the system matures with improvements extended throughout the soil profile.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Myostatin Gene Inactivation Prevents Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effect of human recombinant Mstn (hrMstn) on the proliferation of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells - Bcl-2 protein content in the tumor tissue.&lt;/p&gt;
Highly integrated 60 GHz transmitter and receiver MMICs in a GaAs pHEMT technology (2005)

Highly integrated transmitter and receiver MMICs have been designed in a commercial 0.15 /spl mu/m, 88 GHz f/sub T//183 GHz f/sub MAX/ GaAs pHEMT MMIC process and characterized on both chip and system level. These chips show the highest level of integration yet presented in the 60 GHz band and are true multipurpose front-end designs. The system operates with an LO signal in the range 7-8 GHz. This LO signal is multiplied in an integrated multiply-by-eight (X8) LO chain, resulting in an IF center frequency of 2.5 GHz. Although the chips are inherently multipurpose designs, they are especially suitable for high-speed wireless data transmission due to their very broadband IF characteristics. The single-chip transmitter MMIC consists of a balanced resistive mixer with an integrated ultra-wideband IF balun, a three-stage power amplifier, and the X8 LO chain. The X8 is a multifunction design by itself consisting of a quadrupler, a feedback amplifier, a doubler, and a buffer amplifier. The transmitter chip delivers 3.7/spl plusmn/1.5 dBm over the RF frequency range of 54-61 GHz with a peak output power of 5.2 dBm at 57 GHz. The single-chip receiver MMIC contains a three-stage low-noise amplifier, an image reject mixer with an integrated ultra-wideband IF hybrid and the same X8 as used in the transmitter chip. The receiver chip has 7.1/spl plusmn/1.5 dB gain between 55 and 63 GHz, more than 20 dB of image rejection ratio between 59.5 and 64.5 GHz, 10.5 dB of noise figure, and -11 dBm of input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3).
Radiological Signs of Latent Tuberculosis on Chest Radiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019)

Lesions on CXR suggestive of previous infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis were significantly associated with positive tests for LTBI, although the sensitivity was only 15%. This finding may have added value when detection of past LTBI is important but immunodiagnostic tests may be unreliable.
De novo Biosynthesis of “Non‐Natural” Thaxtomin Phytotoxins (2018)

Abstract Thaxtomins are diketopiperazine phytotoxins produced by Streptomyces scabies and other actinobacterial plant pathogens that inhibit cellulose biosynthesis in plants. Due to their potent bioactivity and novel mode of action there has been considerable interest in developing thaxtomins as herbicides for crop protection. To address the need for more stable derivatives, we have developed a new approach for structural diversification of thaxtomins. Genes encoding the thaxtomin NRPS from S. scabies , along with genes encoding a promiscuous tryptophan synthase (TrpS) from Salmonella typhimurium , were assembled in a heterologous host Streptomyces albus . Upon feeding indole derivatives to the engineered S. albus strain, tryptophan intermediates with alternative substituents are biosynthesized and incorporated by the NRPS to deliver a series of thaxtomins with different functionalities in place of the nitro group. The approach described herein, demonstrates how genes from different pathways and different bacterial origins can be combined in a heterologous host to create a de novo biosynthetic pathway to “non‐natural” product target compounds.
Bench-scale demonstration of CO2 capture with electrochemically-mediated amine regeneration (2013)

Electrochemically-Mediated Amine Regeneration (EMAR) is a new strategy for CO2 separations that uses industrially relevant amine sorbents in a nearly isothermal capture process. The electric nature of the EMAR system offers significant practical advantages in retrofit applications and for installation in non-power generating facilities. EMAR systems are based on an electrochemical copper cycle where desorption is facilitated by oxidation of a copper anode to generate cupric ions that displace CO2 from the polyamine sorbents. The CO2 capacity of the sorbent solution is regenerated through electroplating of the cupric ions onto a separate copper cathode. Results from a bench-scale system demonstrate the potential of the technology for efficient low-energy capture of CO2. The importance of current density and sorbent flow rate are measured. The work of capture increases linearly with current density. For flow rate, however, there is an optimum value of about 1 cm s−1 of superficial velocity through the device. Different electrode geometries and different electrolytes are also examined. At ambient pressure and temperature, which are far from the ideal operating conditions, CO2 can be captured for 100 kJ per mol−1 at a membrane current density of 50 A m−2. The Faradaic (current) efficiencies reach 80% under some conditions with only minimal optimization of the design and materials. This level of performance already meets or exceeds the performance of other electrochemical systems.
Synergistic effects of tumor necrosis factor-α and thrombin in increasing endothelial permeability (2001)

Because activation of the coagulation cascade and the generation of thrombin coexist with sepsis and the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, we determined the effects of TNF-α on the mechanism of thrombin-induced increase in endothelial permeability. We assessed Ca 2+ signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to TNF-α for 2 h, thrombin produced a rise in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) lasting up to 10 min. In contrast, thrombin alone produced a rise in [Ca 2+ ] i lasting for 3 min, whereas TNF-α alone had no effect on [Ca 2+ ] i. Thrombin-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generation was not different between control and TNF-α-exposed cells. In the absence of extracellular Ca 2+ , thrombin produced similar increases in [Ca 2+ ] i in both control and TNF-α-exposed cells. In TNF-α-exposed cells, the thrombin-induced Ca 2+ influx after intracellular Ca 2+ store depletion was significantly greater and prolonged compared with control cells. Increased Ca 2+ entry was associated with an approximately fourfold increase in Src activity and was sensitive to the Src kinase inhibitor PP1. After TNF-α exposure, thrombin caused increased tyrosine phosphorylation of junctional proteins and actin stress fiber formation as well as augmented endothelial permeability. These results suggest that TNF-α stimulation of endothelial cells results in amplification of the thrombin-induced Ca 2+ influx by an Src-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting loss of endothelial barrier function.
Evolving and merging hebbian learning rules (2021)

Generalization to out-of-distribution (OOD) circumstances after training remains a challenge for artificial agents. To improve the robustness displayed by plastic Hebbian neural networks, we evolve a set of Hebbian learning rules, where multiple connections are assigned to a single rule. Inspired by the biological phenomenon of the genomic bottleneck, we show that by allowing multiple connections in the network to share the same local learning rule, it is possible to drastically reduce the number of trainable parameters, while obtaining a more robust agent. During evolution, by iteratively using simple K-Means clustering to combine rules, our Evolve & Merge approach is able to reduce the number of trainable parameters from 61,440 to 1,920, while at the same time improving robustness, all without increasing the number of generations used. While optimization of the agents is done on a standard quadruped robot morphology, we evaluate the agents' performances on slight morphology modifications in a total of 30 unseen morphologies. Our results add to the discussion on generalization, overfitting and OOD adaptation. To create agents that can adapt to a wider array of unexpected situations, Hebbian learning combined with a regularising "genomic bottleneck" could be a promising research direction.
Electrical Characteristics and Temperature Response of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Gate Dielectrics with and without Nitric Acid Compensation (2011)

In this paper, the Al2O3 gate dielectrics prepared by the in situ oxidation of sputtered Al in Ar/O2 ambient at room temperature and then without and with HNO3 compensation are demonstrated. It was found that the saturation substrate injection currents of MOS capacitors with P-type Si substrate at the positive bias region exhibit perimeter-dependent characteristics due to the enhanced fringing field effect. The temperature responses of perimeter-dependent saturated currents are different between two samples. The sample with HNO3 compensation shows regular dependence of substrate current on ni, but the one without HNO3 compensation exhibits additional current components come from oxide nonuniformity and interface trap density. The gate leakage current density at the negative bias region and the time-dependent dielectric breakdown reliability at 25 oC and 125 oC of Al2O3 capacitors can be improved by utilizing HNO3 compensation. It is believed that the HNO3 compensation is beneficial to the improvement of the SiO2/Si interface and the quality of the Al2O3/SiO2 oxide stacks.
Adaptive coherence estimation for radar signal processing (2002)

In this paper we derive the probability density functions of the adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) described previously by Scharf and McWhorter (1996). The ACE statistic can also be considered an adaptive CFAR matched sub-space detector (MSD). It is this interpretation which is particularly useful in radar and signal processing. We conclude this paper by applying the adaptive CFAR MSD to data recorded from the Mountaintop radar. These experimental results indicate that, in a channel with time varying gain, the adaptive CFAR MSD has better detection performance than those detectors which are not invariant to this type of scaling.
Cochleate‐Doped Liquid Crystal as Switchable Metamaterial Window Mediated by Molecular Orientation Modified Aggregation (2020)

Abstract A diversity of fascinating hollow and porous micro and nanoparticles are being developed for drug delivery purposes; however, their applications in other systems are barely touched. When filled by an active material, they form a tunable photonic metamaterial. Here, a small concentration of organic hollow cylinders called cochleates embedded into liquid crystals (LCs) is demonstrated to form a new switchable composite to control light scattering with voltage and temperature. The biocompatible cochleates, which are hollow, tube‐like, and hydrophilic in nature, can trap the liquid crystal molecules thus altering the system behavior. A switching device as thin as 6 µm with 12 wt% cochleates concentration is shown to be adequate to reveal a switchable privacy window. Possible molecular arrangement of the liquid crystal within the cochleate particles is suggested, and unexpected increase of the scattering with temperature depending on the applied voltage is observed as a result of change in the cochleate aggregation depending on the LC molecule orientation.
Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes are the sites of first appearance of IgE bearing B lymphocytes and hapten specific IgE antibody forming cells in BPO-KLH sensitized mice. (1993)

Antigen specific IgE responses originate in gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of mice sensitized with benzylpenicilloyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (BPO-KLH) in alum, regardless of the route (intraperitoneal [i.p.], oral [gavage], subcutaneous [s.c.], intramuscular [i.m.] or intravenous [i.v.]) used for immunization. When BALB/c mice were injected i.p. with BPO-KLH (10 micrograms) in alum, B lymphocytes bearing membrane bound IgE (sIgE+B cells) first appeared simultaneously in Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) on day 8. BPO specific IgE antibody forming cells (AFC) also appeared in PP on day 8, but were not found in MLN until day 10. On day 8, no sIgE+B cells or IgE AFC were found in bone marrow (BM) or other lymphoid organs. The appearance of sIgE+B cells and IgE AFC in PP and MLN was transient; these cells were no longer detected in PP on days 14 and 24, respectively, or in MLN on days 14 and 36, respectively. sIgE+B cells and IgE AFC did not appear in spleen until day 12, where they were detected through day 70. Although sIgE+B cells were never found in BM, IgE AFC appeared in BM on day 18, where they were detected through day 70. No sIgE+B cells or IgE AFC were found in other lymph nodes (OLN) on days 0-70. Boosting did not induce the reappearance of sIgE+B cells or IgE AFC in PP, the reappearance of sIgE+B cells in MLN, the appearance of sIgE+B cells in BM, or the appearance of sIgE+B cells or IgE AFC in OLN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Triplet 1,4-biradical intermediates in the photocycloaddition reactions of enones and N-acylindoles with alkenes (1992)

Abstract
Cell wilting and blossoming for energy efficiency (2011)

In this article, we consider the adoption of sleep modes for the base stations of a cellular access network, focusing on the design of base station sleep and wake-up transients. We discuss the main issues arising with this approach, and we focus on the design of base station sleep and wake-up transients, also known as cell wilting and blossoming. The performance of the proposed procedures is evaluated in a realistic test scenario, and the results show that sleep and wake-up transients are short, lasting at most 30 seconds.
Effect of herparin on bovine epithelial lens cell proliferation induced by heparin affin regulatory peptide (1995)

HARP (heparin affin regulatory peptide) is an 18 kDa heparin binding protein, also known as HB-GAM or pleiotrophin (PTN) which has been primarily isolated from brain and uterus, and displays neurite outgrowth, angiogenic and mitogenic activities. Previously, we have expressed the human cDNA encoding human HARP in NIH 3T3 cells. Purified recombinant HARP displayed mitogenic activity for endothelial cells. Its NH2-terminal sequence indicates that the HARP molecule possesses a three amino acid extension from the signal peptide more than the NH2-terminal described. For HB-GAM or PTN, these three amino acids may be essential for the stability and the mitogenic activity of this growth factor. In an attempt to further study the mode of action of this growth factor, we have investigated the mitogenic effect of HARP on various cell types. In contrast to FGF-2, HARP failed to induce stimulation of DNA synthesis on a CCL39 cell line. However, we found that in quiescent bovine epithelial lens (BEL) cells, the stimulation of DNA synthesis induced by HARP is dose-dependent (EC50: 2.5 ng/ml) and maximal stimulation is as potent as that induced by FGF-2 (EC50: 25 pg/ml). Interestingly, when BEL cells were allowed to quiesce in the presence of serum, the stimulation induced by HARP is considerably less potent. In this highly responsive cell system, heparin could potentiate the mitogenic activity of HARP at very low doses (0.1-1 microgram/ml) and inhibit this activity at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml. In contrast to its protective effect on FGF-1 and -2, heparin was unable to preserve HARP from tryptic and chymotryptic degradations.
Antisense apolipoprotein B therapy: where do we stand? (2007)

ISIS 301012 has initially shown promising results in experimental animal models, and in clinical trials in humans. Besides the effect of reducing apolipoprotein B-100 and LDL-cholesterol, this compound also significantly lowers plasma triglycerides. Safety concerns related to the drug include increased liver-function tests. To date no evidence of hepatic steatosis has been reported. Nonetheless, clinical trials of longer duration are required to demonstrate further safety.
Message Correlation in Web Services Choreographies: A 4-phase Validation Method (2009)

The majority of large companies are adopting Service Oriented Architectures, mainly to automate their business processes, both centralized and distributed. This paper will focus on distributed business processes. At the moment there are two interesting ways to implement a distributed business process, via orchestration or choreography. Whereas an orchestration can be thought of as a service composition with a single participant taking the lead, a choreography is a decentralized collaboration between different autonomous participants. One of the most prominent remaining issues, associated with both approaches, is the correlation problem, which is addressed in this paper. We will show that the abstract overall view, provided by a choreography description, makes it possible to determine (even at design time) whether its interactions can be unambiguously correlated. It is shown that this correlation validation is more feasible to realize in case of choreographies than with orchestrations, due to the orchestration's limited view on the overall business process.
Alternative materials for high numerical aperture extreme ultraviolet lithography mask stacks (2015)

In this paper we compare the imaging performance of several options currently under consideration for use in 0.33 and higher numerical aperture (NA) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask stacks, Mo/Si ML reflective coatings with 40 bilayers, Ru/Si multilayer (ML) reflective coatings with 20 bilayers, and a new thinner Ni-based absorber layer on each of these mask stacks. The use of a Ru/Si ML coating with its shallower effective reflectance plane and a 2x thinner Ni-based absorber is expected to significantly reduce both shadow bias requirements and mask telecentricity errors. The conclusions of the paper are supported with the results of both experimental measurements and rigorous simulations.
Geometry of contact: contact planning for multi-legged robots via spin models duality (2023)

Contact planning is crucial in locomoting systems.Specifically, appropriate contact planning can enable versatile behaviors (e.g., sidewinding in limbless locomotors) and facilitate speed-dependent gait transitions (e.g., walk-trot-gallop in quadrupedal locomotors). The challenges of contact planning include determining not only the sequence by which contact is made and broken between the locomotor and the environments, but also the sequence of internal shape changes (e.g., body bending and limb shoulder joint oscillation). Most state-of-art contact planning algorithms focused on conventional robots (e.g.biped and quadruped) and conventional tasks (e.g. forward locomotion), and there is a lack of study on general contact planning in multi-legged robots. In this paper, we show that using geometric mechanics framework, we can obtain the global optimal contact sequence given the internal shape changes sequence. Therefore, we simplify the contact planning problem to a graph optimization problem to identify the internal shape changes. Taking advantages of the spatio-temporal symmetry in locomotion, we map the graph optimization problem to special cases of spin models, which allows us to obtain the global optima in polynomial time. We apply our approach to develop new forward and sidewinding behaviors in a hexapod and a 12-legged centipede. We verify our predictions using numerical and robophysical models, and obtain novel and effective locomotion behaviors.