gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Categorizing web queries according to geographical locality (2003)

Web pages (and resources, in general) can be characterized according to their geographical locality. For example, a web page with general information about wildflowers could be considered a global page, likely to be of interest to a geographically broad audience. In contrast, a web page with listings on houses for sale in a specific city could be regarded as a local page, likely to be of interest only to an audience in a relatively narrow region. Similarly, some search engine queries (implicitly) target global pages, while other queries are after local pages. For example, the best results for query [wildflowers] are probably global pages about wildflowers such as the one discussed above. However, local pages that are relevant to, say, San Francisco are likely to be good matches for a query [houses for sale] that was issued by a San Francisco resident or by somebody moving to that city. Unfortunately, search engines do not analyze the geographical locality of queries and users, and hence often produce sub-optimal results. Thus query [wildflowers] might return pages that discuss wildflowers in specific U.S. states (and not general information about wildflowers), while query [houses for sale] might return pages with real estate listings for locations other than that of interest to the person who issued the query. Deciding whether an unseen query should produce mostly local or global pages---without placing this burden on the search engine users---is an important and challenging problem, because queries are often ambiguous or underspecify the information they are after. In this paper, we address this problem by first defining how to categorize queries according to their (often implicit) geographical locality. We then introduce several alternatives for automatically and efficiently categorizing queries in our scheme, using a variety of state-of-the-art machine learning tools. We report a thorough evaluation of our classifiers using a large sample of queries from a real web search engine, and conclude by discussing how our query categorization approach can help improve query result quality.
On the Coexistence of a Primary User with an Energy Harvesting Secondary\n User: A Case of Cognitive Cooperation (2013)

In this paper, we consider a cognitive scenario where an energy harvesting\nsecondary user (SU) shares the spectrum with a primary user (PU). The secondary\nsource helps the primary source in delivering its undelivered packets during\nperiods of silence of the primary source. The primary source has a queue for\nstoring its data packets, whereas the secondary source has two data queues; a\nqueue for storing its own packets and the other for storing the fraction of the\nundelivered primary packets accepted for relaying. The secondary source is\nassumed to be a battery-based node which harvests energy packets from the\nenvironment. In addition to its data queues, the SU has an energy queue to\nstore the harvested energy packets. The secondary energy packets are used for\nprimary packets decoding and data packets transmission. More specifically, if\nthe secondary energy queue is empty, the secondary source can neither help the\nprimary source nor transmit a packet from the data queues. The energy queue is\nmodeled as a discrete time queue with Markov arrival and service processes. Due\nto the interaction of the queues, we provide inner and outer bounds on the\nstability region of the proposed system. We investigate the impact of the\nenergy arrival rate on the stability region. Numerical results show the\nsignificant gain of cooperation.\n
A molecular 'signature' of primary breast cancer cultures; patterns resembling tumor tissue (2004)

Our data demonstrate that commonly used immortal cell lines do not reflect some aspects of tumor biology as closely as primary tumor cell cultures. The gene expression profile of malignant tissue, which is uniquely retained by cells cultured on solid substrates, could facilitate the development and testing of novel molecular targets for breast cancer.
TCL1 Expression and Epstein-Barr Virus Status in Pediatric Burkitt Lymphoma (2005)

Elevated T-cell leukemia-1 (TCL1) oncoprotein expression might promote human Burkitt lymphoma (BL) because increased TCL1 causes Burkitt-like lymphomas in TCL1 transgenic mice. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been implicated as a cause of increased TCL1 expression in multiple BL cell lines, suggesting a critical connection between EBV and TCL1-induced BL. The TCL1 expression and EBV status of 14 sporadic pediatric BL cases was determined by immunohistochemical staining for TCL1 and in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). Our results showed TCL1 protein in 11 cases, predominantly in the nucleus with strong-intensity staining. EBER was positive in 4 cases, with 3 of these cases also TCL1+. In the 10 cases that were EBER-, TCL1 was strongly positive in 8. These data indicate that the TCL1 oncoprotein is expressed strongly in most pediatric BL cases. However, persistent EBV is not essential for increased TCL1 expression, although elevated TCL1 and c-MYC coexpression might cooperate in the development of most pediatric and adult BL cases.
Q-switching a fiber laser with a dual mode single crystal photo-elastic modulator (2008)

We present a new optical device for pulse picking and Q-switching based on a LiTaO<sub>3</sub>-crystal together with polarizers. LiTaO<sub>3</sub> is piezoelectric, hence when a harmonic voltage course with a proper frequency is applied to the crystal it will start to oscillate resonantly in a mechanical eigenmode. Due to photo-elasticity an artificial modulated birefringent is induced by this oscillation such that the polarization of trough-going light is modulated. Together with polarizers the transmission of the whole setup can oscillate between 0 and 100%. The applied voltage amplitude is usually in the order of below 10 V. With a special choice of the crystal dimensions it is possible that the first shear eigenmode has exactly three times the frequency of the first longitudinal eigenmode. Both modes have qualitatively the same influence on polarization, such that with a proper superposition of these two modes a short opening time of the setup can be achieved, which can be used to enforce pulsed laser operation. The latter was realized with a small end pumped fibre laser. A pulse sequence with 127 kHz and a ratio of peak power to average power of ~30 was achieved.
Neutralization of Multiple Staphylococcal Superantigens by a Single‐Chain Protein Consisting of Affinity‐Matured, Variable Domain Repeats (2008)

Staphylococcus aureus secretes various toxins that act as superantigens by stimulating a large fraction of the host's T cells. Toxin binding to variable domains of T cell receptor beta chains (Vbeta) leads to massive release of inflammatory molecules and potentially to toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Previously, we generated soluble forms of different Vbeta domains with a high affinity for binding superantigens. However, a broader spectrum antagonist is required for the neutralization of multiple toxins. In the present study, we expressed Vbeta domains in tandem as a single-chain protein and neutralized the clinically important superantigens staphylococcal enterotoxin B and TSS toxin-1 with a single agent.
Learning to Rank in the Position Based Model with Bandit Feedback (2020)

Personalization is a crucial aspect of many online experiences. In particular, content ranking is often a key component in delivering sophisticated personalization results. Commonly, supervised learning-to-rank methods are applied, which suffer from bias introduced during data collection by production systems in charge of producing the ranking. To compensate for this problem, we leverage contextual multi-armed bandits. We propose novel extensions of two well-known algorithms viz. LinUCB and Linear Thompson Sampling to the ranking use-case. To account for the biases in a production environment, we employ the position-based click model. Finally, we show the validity of the proposed algorithms by conducting extensive offline experiments on synthetic datasets as well as customer facing online A/B experiments.
Evolutionary Methods for Generating Synthetic MasterPrint Templates: Dictionary Attack in Fingerprint Recognition (2018)

Recent research has demonstrated the possibility of generating "Masterprints" that can be used by an adversary to launch a dictionary attack against a fingerprint recognition system. Masterprints are fingerprint images that fortuitously match with a large number of other fingerprints thereby compromising the security of a fingerprint-based biometric system, especially those equipped with small-sized fingerprint sensors. This work presents new methods for creating a synthetic MasterPrint dictionary that sequentially maximizes the probability of matching a large number of target fingerprints. Three techniques, namely Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), are explored. Experiments carried out using a commercial fingerprint verification software, and public datasets, show that the proposed approaches performed quite well compared to the previously known MasterPrint generation methods.
Outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma across different treatment lines (2021)

ICIs or ICI combinations are active in all treatment lines and should also be offered in heavily pretreated patients. Patient selection based on tumor and patient factors allows for maximal benefit from ICI-based therapies.
The ultra challenge (2006)

How can the ultra large systems (ULS) of the future be built if they will have the complexity of trillions of lines of code, maintain continuous 24x7 operations with no downtime, and live in a hostile environment with unpredictably changing requirements? This panel will discuss and debate the challenges posed by ultra large systems in terms of their design, growth, deployment and dynamics.
Local Indices for Similarity Analysis (LISA)—A 3D-QSAR Formalism Based on Local Molecular Similarity (2009)

A simple quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) approach termed local indices for similarity analysis (LISA) has been developed. In this technique, the global molecular similarity is broken up as local similarity at each grid point surrounding the molecules and is used as a QSAR descriptor. In this way, a view of the molecular sites permitting favorable and rational changes to enhance activity is obtained. The local similarity index, calculated on the basis of Petke's formula, segregates the regions into "equivalent", "favored similar", and "disfavored similar" (alternatively "favored dissimilar") potentials with respect to a reference molecule in the data set. The method has been tested on three large and diverse data sets-thrombin, glycogen phosphorylase b, and thermolysin inhibitors. The QSAR models derived using genetic algorithm incorporated partial least square analysis statistics are found to be comparable to the ones obtained by the standard three-dimensional (3D)-QSAR methods, such as comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis. The graphical interpretation of the LISA models is straightforward, and the outcome of the models corroborates well with literature data. The LISA models give insight into the binding mechanisms of the ligand with the enzyme and allow fine-tuning of the molecules at the local level to improve their activity.
Location of atoms using electron standing waves to excite X-rays (ALCHEMI) (2002)

There exists an inherent link between atomic structure and non-linear optical (NLO) behavior. The overview presented here shows how such structure / property relationships can be exploited in order to assess the relative merits of a series of NLO precursors and to predict better NLO contenders. The knowledge acquired from these results can be used to optimize the material by judicious chemical tuning. This pertains to the ultimate goal of being able to 'structurally engineer' materials for a given NLO application. This presentation concentrates on a series of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) derivatives that exhibit varying degrees of quinoidal (neutral) and zwitterionic (charge-separated) character, these two electronic states being very close energetically. Bond-length alternation studies show that the relative balance between the neutral and charge-separated states provides a measure of their intrinsic potential for second-harmonic generation (SHG) applications. The bond-length alternation (BLA) study is presented both in a classical manner, and by using a new topological approach, which exploits ellipticity values from a charge-density study. The ability to predict better TCNQ-based NLO precursors by calculating BLA through the Cambridge Structural Database is also illustrated. Pseudoatomic charges derived from the charge-density study were used to evaluate the nature of the molecular charge transfer and the solid-state dipole moment, . Whilst high dipole moments are advantageous for SHG on a molecular scale, they tend to render a crystal lattice centrosymmetric, which precludes SHG. The inclusion of TCNQ derivatives into zeolite hosts is shown to be a possible method to circumvent this problem.
Dietary Modification of the Microbiome Affects Risk for Cardiovascular Disease (2013)

The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases with age and is associated with some syndromes that exhibit aspects of premature aging, such as progeria. Various factors are thought to contribute to the progression of CVD, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diets rich in saturated and trans fats, etc. Recent reports have uncovered an important connection between diet, the microbiome, and CVD. Dietary carnitine (present predominately in red meat) and lecithin (phosphatidyl choline) are shown to be metabolized by gut microbes to trimethylamine (TMA), which in turn is metabolized by liver flavin monoxygenases (especially FMO3 and FMO1) to form trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). High levels of TMAO in the blood strongly correlate with CVD and associated acute clinical events. Plasma TMAO levels may be an important clinical biomarker for CVD. The data suggest that that presence of specific as yet unidentified microorganisms in the gut linked to diet are required for high TMAO levels and TMAO-mediated CVD progression. Development of novel therapeutic approaches to manipulate gut flora may help treat CVD.
P3‐149: DEMENTIA SYNDROME IN OCULOPHARYNGEAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: A TRINUCLEOTIDE EXPANSION DISORDER COMMONLY PRESENTING WITH MUSCLE WEAKNESS (2014)

Dementia is a common feature of nucleotide-repeat-disorders. Trinucleotide expansions in polyglutamine involving CAG repeats such as in Huntington's disease, or hexonucletotide repeats in the chromosome 9 open-reading-frame 72 (C9ORF72) gene leading to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are well-known examples. In addition to dementia, C9ORF72 mutations also cause motor neuron disease. Other mutations are also known to cause a neuromuscular disease combined with dementia: mutations in the valosin-containing protein cause inclusion body myositis and FTD. OPMD is a disease that presents with progressive weakness, predominantly in the ocular and pharyngeal muscles. It is caused by an expansion of GCN repeats in the polyadenylate-binding-protein nuclear 1 gene (PABPN1). Few cases with behavior and cognitive changes have been described in patients with homozygous mutations. There is limited information on dementia in heterozygote OPMD patients. We describe a heterozygote OPMD patient with psychiatric and cognitive changes evaluated in a tertiary care center memory clinic. A 63-year-old man presented with long-standing history of dysphagia, dysarthria, ptosis and mild proximal leg weakness. Extensive work up confirmed OPMD with heterozygous CGC expansions of PABPN1. At age 65, the patient developed insidious-onset memory loss and word finding problems. He also developed behavior changes, with a fixed erotomanic delusion that his wife was unfaithful, prominent impulsivity, and reduced empathy. Neuropsychological testing revealed mild deficits in visuospatial processing and memory, with decline in executive function and memory over one year. Work-up for reversible causes was negative. MRI showed moderate atrophy in frontal lobes, and bilateral hippocampi, and PET scan showed changes most consistent with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to regional muscle weakness, OPMD can be associated with dementia characterized by a mix of clinical and radiographic features common to both AD and FTD. The link between OPMD and dementia highlight that nucleotide repeat disorders may share a common mechanism leading to neurodegeneration. Additionally, better understanding why certain genetic mutations present with specific neuromuscular phenotypes with dementia syndrome, may facilitate identification of better targets for interventions in neurodegenerative dementias.
Celebrating <i>JCED</i>’s High Impact Authors (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.Celebrating JCED's High Impact AuthorsJoan F. BrenneckeJoan F. BrenneckeThe University of Texas at AustinMore by Joan F. Brenneckehttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-2134Cite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 2019, 64, 11, 4607–4610Publication Date (Web):November 14, 2019Publication History Published online14 November 2019Published inissue 14 November 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jced.9b01050https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.9b01050editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views991Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (323 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Equation of state,Materials,Salts,Solvents,Thermodynamics Get e-Alerts
EPSRC projects in microwave, millimetre-wave and THz research, integration of RF circuits with high speed GaN switching on silicon substrates (2016)

No abstract available.
Anthropometric Scaling of Anatomical Datasets for Subject-Specific Musculoskeletal Modelling of the Shoulder (2019)

Linear scaling of generic shoulder models leads to substantial errors in model predictions. Customisation of shoulder modelling through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves modelling outcomes, but model development is time and technology intensive. This study aims to validate 10 MRI-based shoulder models, identify the best combinations of anthropometric parameters for model scaling, and quantify the improvement in model predictions of glenohumeral loading through anthropometric scaling from this anatomical atlas. The shoulder anatomy was modelled using a validated musculoskeletal model (UKNSM). Ten subject-specific models were developed through manual digitisation of model parameters from high-resolution MRI. Kinematic data of 16 functional daily activities were collected using a 10-camera optical motion capture system. Subject-specific model predictions were validated with measured muscle activations. The MRI-based shoulder models show good agreement with measured muscle activations. A tenfold cross-validation using the validated personalised shoulder models demonstrates that linear scaling of anthropometric datasets with the most similar ratio of body height to shoulder width and from the same gender (p < 0.04) yields best modelling outcomes in glenohumeral loading. The improvement in model reliability is significant (p < 0.02) when compared to the linearly scaled-generic UKNSM. This study may facilitate the clinical application of musculoskeletal shoulder modelling to aid surgical decision-making.
Immobilization of Pd(n) Catalysts for Cyclopropanation in Ionic Liquid (2002)

Abstract Cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate catalyzed by Pd(II) in ionic liquid [omim][BF 4 ] was investigated. Palladium catalysts can be effectively immobilized in ionic liquid. The catalysts PdCl 2 and cyclopalladated complex 2 contained in ionic liquid could be recycled for 6 and 7 times, respectively, without losing the efficiency.
Detecting bids for eye contact using a wearable camera (2015)

We propose a system for detecting bids for eye contact directed from a child to an adult who is wearing a point-of-view camera. The camera captures an egocentric view of the child-adult interaction from the adult's perspective. We detect and analyze the child's face in the egocentric video in order to automatically identify moments in which the child is trying to make eye contact with the adult. We present a learning-based method that couples a pose-dependent appearance model with a temporal Conditional Random Field (CRF). We present encouraging findings from an experimental evaluation using a newly collected dataset of 12 children. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches and enables measuring gaze behavior in naturalistic social interactions.
[New information concerning pain caused by herniated disk and sciatica. Exposure to disk tissue sensitizes the nerve roots]. (1998)

Sciatica has long been considered to be solely due to mechanical deformation (compression) of a spinal nerve root by herniating disc tissue. However, recent experimental findings have demonstrated that, even in the absence of mechanical insult, nucleus pulposus-related substances may not only induce significant structural and functional injury to the adjacent nerve root, but also sensitise the nerve root, producing pain in the event of subsequent root compression. Although neither the specific mechanisms nor the active nucleus pulposus-related substances causing pain have yet been identified, the recent findings suggest that the future may well bring new pharmacological treatment alternatives for sciatica and disc herniation.
LR White is preferable to Unicryl for immunogold detection of fixationsensitive nuclear antigens (2010)

The purpose of this study was to compare two electron microscopy embedding media - LR White and Unicryl - with regard to cell morphologyical and immunohistochemical preservation properties for the study of fixation-sensitive nuclear antigens. Human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.1% glutaraldehyde, and embedded in parallel in the two resins: LR White and Unicryl using; two different polymerization protocols were used for each resin. Preservation of fine nuclear structure was good after LR White and poor after Unicryl embedding. Immunogold labeling of Sm antigen was significantly stronger on LR White sections. Polymerization by UV light resulted in stronger and more specific labeling than heat polymerization. These results show that LR White is advantageous over Unicryl for the study of nuclear antigens requiring delicate aldehyde fixation.