gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast and Accurate Machine Learning Compact Models for Interconnect Parasitic Capacitances Considering Systematic Process Variations (2022)

A novel modeling methodology is developed for interconnect parasitic capacitances in rule-based extraction tools. Traditional rule-based extraction tools rely on pattern matching operations to match every interconnect structure with corresponding pre-characterized capacitance formulas. Such a method suffers from three main problems including limited pattern coverages, potential pattern mismatches, and limited handling of systematic process variations. These problems prohibit rule-based methods from coping with the new capacitance extraction accuracy requirements in advanced process nodes. The proposed methodology overcomes these problems by providing machine learning compact models for interconnect parasitic capacitances that cover varieties of realistic cross-section metal patterns. Those models efficiently include the impact of systematic process variations on parasitic capacitances. Moreover, each model can handle thousands of patterns replacing thousands of existing capacitance formulas. The input to the models is a cross-section pattern that is represented by a novel vertex-based pattern representation. The models are implemented using two different machine learning methods: neural networks and support vector regressions. The two methods are tested and compared to each other. The proposed methodology is tested over thirteen test chips of 28nm, 14nm, and 7nm process nodes with more than 6.7M interconnect cross-section patterns. The results show that the proposed methodology provided outstanding accuracy as compared to field-solvers and rule-based models with an average error &#x003C; 0.15&#x0025; and a standard deviation &#x003C; 3.3&#x0025;, whereas the average errors and standard deviations of rule-based models exceed 6&#x0025;, for the same test chips. Also, the computational runtimes of the compact models are almost 2.5X faster than rule-based models.
Organic Semiconductor Nanoparticles with Heterojunctions Composed of Fullerene C&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt; and Zinc Phthalocyanine and Their Application to Visible-Light-Responsive Photocatalysts (2011)

Composite nanoparticles composed of fullerene C60 and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) were synthesized by injecting their mixed N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution into water. The nanoparticles have heterojunction structures according to charge-transfer (CT) absorption band of the mixed NMP solution and superior photoanodic current of the composite nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were used as visible-light-responsive photocatalysts without bias potential to decompose organic compounds to CO2, and heterojunctions are proved to be critical to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles.
Chlorhexidine Versus Povidone Iodine in Bacterial Contamination Rate of Needles Used for Spinal Anesthesia (2004)

Skin antisepsis prior to the induction of spinal anesthesia is essential because of the potential for infectious complications. Povidone-iodine is a widely used antiseptic solution for skin preparation before spinal anesthesia, and chlorhexidine alcohol solution is a commonly used alternative to povidone-iodine. Previous studies have shown that chlorhexidine is more effective than povidone-iodine for skin preparation before intravascular catheter insertion or blood culture collection. The bacterial contamination rate of needles used for spinal anesthesia disinfected with povidone-iodine has also been previously studied; however, no study has been carried out to evaluate the comparative anti-microbial efficacies of povidoneiodine and chlorhexidine for skin disinfection prior to spinal anesthesia. The aim of this prospective trial was to determine if an alcoholic solution of 0.5% chlorhexidine is more effective than an aqueous solution of 10% povidone-iodine at reducing the bacterial contamination rate of spinal needles.
Mild Postoperative Hypothermia Triggers a Significant Adrenergic but not Metabolic Response (1995)

Frank, S M MD; Fleisher, L A MD; Breslow, M J MD; Jiang, B H MD; Myers, T; Wu, P; Olson, K F; Gorman, R B MD; Higgins, M H MD; Sitzmann, J V MD; Beattie, C MD Author Information
J057043 Removal of Fine Particles Attached to a Wall by Use of Turbulence Promoted High Speed Air Jet (2013)

Cleaning technique to remove fine particles on a surface under dry environment is greatly wanted in manufacturing processes of liquid crystal display (LCD), functional films and so on. However, it becomes usually difficult to remove the fine particles by the impingement of simple air jet because the particles stick to the surface in the viscous sublayer by adhesive forces such as Van der Waals force. In this study, a cleaning device equipped with a special nozzle having triangular cavities was developed to remove the fine particles. The experimental results in the preceding report suggested that the removal rate of fine particles can be enhanced by the pressure or velocity fluctuation generated by the special nozzle. The aim of this study is to clarify the removal mechanism of fine particles from experimental and numerical investigations. First the adhesive forces of particles to the wall are experimentally measured by the centrifugal force method. Then the results are compared with several kinds of hydrodynamic removal forces such as drag and lift estimated from the numerical simulations. In addition we consider a removal force resulted from pressure gradient fluctuation induced by the impingement of a strongly turbulent air flow. The physical mechanism for removing particles is discussed through the comparison with the numerical results.
Comparing function structures and pruned function structures for market price prediction: An approach to benchmarking representation inferencing value (2017)

Abstract Benchmarking function modeling and representation approaches requires a direct comparison, including the inferencing support by the different approaches. To this end, this paper explores the value of a representation by comparing the ability of a representation to support reasoning based on varying amounts of information stored in the representational components of a function structure: vocabulary, grammar, and topology. This is done by classifying the previously developed functional pruning rules into vocabulary, grammatical, and topological classes and applying them to function structures available from an external design repository. The original and pruned function structures of electromechanical devices are then evaluated for how accurately market values can be predicted using the graph complexity connectivity method. The accuracy is found to be inversely related to the amount of information and level of detail. Applying the topological rule does not significantly impact the predictive power of the models, while applying the vocabulary rules and the grammar rules reduces the accuracy of the predictions. Finally, the least predictive model set is that which had all rules applied. In this manner, the value of a representation to predict or answer questions is quantified.
A 1 Gbps 3.5-4.75 km Communication Link Based on a 5G 28 GHz 8×8 Phased-Array (2019)

This paper presents a 200 Mbps to 1 Gbps communication link at a distance of 3.5-4.75 km using two highperformance 28 GHz 8×8 phased-arrays. The 8×8 transmit array achieves an EIRP of 53-54 dBm to overcome the 132.5-135.2 dB path loss at these large distances. The error vector magnitude (EVM) was measured with different data rates and at different scan angles in the azimuth plane. An EVM of <; 36% was achieved for a maximum data rate of 1 Gbps, which is enough for QPSK with FEC (forward error correction). At 200 Mbps with QPSK modulation, an EVM of 17% was achieved. To our knowledge, this work is the first demonstration of communication links at few kilometers using 5G phased-arrays.
Regulation of Fat Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle (2002)

Regulation of carbohydrate and fat utilization by skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise has been the subject of investigation since the early 1960s when Randle et al. proposed the so-called glucose-fatty acid cycle to explain the reciprocal relationship between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The suggested mechanisms were based on the premise that an increase in fatty acid (FA) availability would result in increased fat metabolism and inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism. Briefly, accumulation of acetyl-CoA would result in inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), accumulation of citrate would inhibit phosphofructokinase (PFK), and accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) would reduce hexokinase (HK) activity. Ultimately, this would inhibit carbohydrate metabolism with increasing availability and oxidation of FA. Although there is some evidence for the existence of the glucose-FA cycle at rest and during low-intensity exercise, it cannot explain substrate use at moderate to high exercise intensities. More recently, evidence has accumulated that increases in glycolytic flux may decrease fat metabolism. Potential sites of regulation are the transport of FA into the sarcoplasma, lipolysis of intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and transport of FA across the mitochondrial membrane. There are several potential regulators of fat oxidation: first, malonyl-CoA concentration, which is formed from acetyl-CoA, catalyzed by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which in turn will inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT I). Another possible mechanism is accumulation of acetyl-CoA that will result in acetylation of the carnitine pool, reducing the free carnitine concentration. This could theoretically reduce FA transport into the mitochondria. There is also some recent evidence that CPT I is inhibited by small reductions in pH that might be observed during exercise at high intensities. It is also possible that FA entry into the sarcolemma is regulated by translocation of FAT/CD36 in a similar manner to glucose transport by GLUT-4. Studies suggest that the regulatory mechanisms may be different at rest and during exercise and may change as the exercise intensity increases. Regulation of skeletal muscle fat metabolism is clearly multifactorial, and different mechanisms may dominate in different conditions.
Effect of Ar addition to an O2 plasma in an inductively coupled, traveling wave driven, large area plasma source: O2/Ar mixture plasma modeling and photoresist etching (2001)

We report on the effect of Ar addition to an O2 plasma on photoresist etching in an inductively coupled, traveling wave driven, large area plasma source (LAPS). We also develop a simplified spatially varying O2/Ar mixture discharge model corresponding to the LAPS in a two-dimensional geometry in order to account for the effect of Ar addition. A photoresist etch kinetics model and spatially varying O2/Ar mixture discharge model are used to explain the experimental data. We find that the addition of 50% Ar increases the plasma density and etch rate approximately by a factor of 2. From the simulation we find that argon metastables (Ar*) play an important role in the mixture plasma. The simulation predicts an enhancement in O-atom density due to Ar addition, even in the presence of dilution of the feed gas. The experimental data and predicted etch rates from the simulation are generally in good agreement, indicating that the increase in the etch rate with Ar addition is due to both the increase in the plasma density and the enhancement in O-atom density attributable to the dissociation of O2 by Ar*.
System Concept for Association and Positioning of Vehicles using SAW RFID Tags (2019)

In this work we propose a system concept for simultaneous wireless identication and positioning of vehicles using SAW (surface acoustic wave) RFID (radio frequency identication) tags. Multichannel interrogation allows for additional extraction of vehicle orientation as well as resolution of ambiguities. The system is optimized for low-latency parallel interrogation with a measurement rate of 10 kHz to enable an accurate, real-time and unambiguous positioning with high statistical robustness, even for high-speed vehicles. Feasibility is demonstrated based on real experiments with tags mounted on an electronically controlled moving platform, showing its potential for localization and orientation measurements.
Status of the Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA conceptual design study* (2019)

Abstract The Horizon 2020 project EuPRAXIA (European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications) is producing a conceptual design report for a highly compact and cost-effective European facility with multi-GeV electron beams accelerated using plasmas. EuPRAXIA will be set up as a distributed Open Innovation platform with two construction sites, one with a focus on beam-driven plasma acceleration (PWFA) and another site with a focus on laser-driven plasma acceleration (LWFA). User areas at both sites will provide access to free-electron laser pilot experiments, positron generation and acceleration, compact radiation sources, and test beams for high-energy physics detector development. Support centres in four different countries will complement the pan-European implementation of this infrastructure.
Reinvestigating 2,5-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine ruthenium complexes: selective deuteration and Raman spectroscopy as tools to probe ground and excited-state electronic structure in homo- and heterobimetallic complexes (2011)

The mono- (1) and dinuclear (2) ruthenium(II) bis(2,2'-bipyridine) complexes of 2,5-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine (2,5-dpp), for which the UV/Vis absorption and emission as well as electrochemical properties have been described earlier, are reinvestigated here by resonance, surface enhanced and transient resonance Raman spectroscopy together with selective deuteration to determine the location of the lowest lying excited metal to ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) states. The ground state absorption spectrum of both the mono- and dinuclear complexes are characterised by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The effect of deuteration on emission lifetimes together with the absence of characteristic bipy anion radical modes in the transient Raman spectra for both the mono- and dinuclear complexes bridged by the 2,5-dpp ligand confirms that the excited state is 2,5-dpp based; however DFT calculations and the effect of deuteration on emission lifetimes indicate that the bipy based MLCT states contribute to excited state deactivation. Resonance Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) data for 1 and 2 are compared with that of the heterobimetallic complexes [Ru(bipy)(2)(2,5-dpp)PdCl(2)](2+)3 and [Ru(bipy)(2)(2,5-dpp)PtCl(2)](2+)4. The SERS data for 1 indicates that a heterobimetallic Ru-Au complex forms in situ upon addition of 1 to a gold colloid.
An investigation of the reduction in aqueous acetonitrile of 4-methoxybenzenediazonium ion by the tetrakis(acetonitrile)Cu(i) cation catalysed by hydrogenphosphate dianion (2007)

In aqueous acetonitrile containing a phosphate buffer, 4-methoxybenzenediazonium ion is reduced by one or more of the partially aquated cations derived from tetrakis(acetonitrile)Cu(I) cation in this medium. Investigation of the reaction mechanism indicates the rate determining step to be the association of the diazonium ion with the hydrogenphosphate dianion to give an adduct which then undergoes reduction by Cu(I). The reaction gives a range of products which have been identified and quantified by GC. One of these, 4-methoxyphenol was unexpected in the reducing conditions; its presence could be explained by the disproportionation of a 4-methoxyphenylcopper(II) complex giving bis(4-methoxyphenyl)copper(III) which reacts with water to produce the phenol and an equivalent amount of methoxybenzene. A scheme is proposed which accounts for all the observed products and computer modelling gives a satisfactory description of the distributions of the five major products as functions of the relative proportions of the reactants for dilute conditions and those where the reductant is in excess. When the diazonium ion is in excess, the behaviour of the model and the experimental reactant accountability suggest the occurrence of additional reactions which give products unobserved by GC.
Screening of a molecular marker for association to maturity date in peach fruit (2021)

Maturity date (MD) represents a key trait in peach given the relatively short shelf-life of peach, and the selection of cultivars with varying MD to cover and possibly extend the marketing season constitutes a key target for varietal innovation. A number of studies have identified different QTLs associated to this trait, mainly in the Linkage Groups (LG) 2, 4 and 6; and in particular, a region within LG4 was ascertained as strongly associated with harvesting time in different segregating populations. The evaluation of the association of such diagnostic markers in a wider germplasm collection would provide the breeder interesting information in selecting the best candidate for the desired ripening period and in the early identification and selection of progenies carrying the wanted trait in their breeding programs. We thus performed a comparative study using a candidate marker mapping in LG4 in order to assess its predictive power in a pool of peach and nectarine cultivars inclusive of traditional and modern germplasm to ease the early identification and selection of desired ripening genotypes in breeding programs.
Sensitivity of the suspected blood indicator: An experimental study (2012)

SBI sensitivity was affected by background color and capsule passage velocity in the models. These findings may facilitate the rapid detection of bleeding lesions by CE.
Cardiac MRI-guided interventional occlusion of ventricular septal rupture in a patient with cobalt alloy stent (2019)

The case of a 68-year-old man with chest pain for 3 days is presented. Coronary angiography demonstrated subtotal occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending artery. A drug-eluting cobalt alloy stent was implanted after balloon dilation. On the 3<sup>rd</sup> postoperative day, echocardiography showed a ventricular septal rupture (VSR) (7 mm diameter) near the cardiac apex and ventricular aneurysm. On cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the VSR was shown to be 11 mm in diameter. The membranous septum was 32 and 27.8 mm along the anteroposterior and superoinferior axes, respectively. The left-to-right shunt was apparent. Four weeks later, interventional therapy was performed to occlude the VSR according to the result of the MRI. The symptoms improved rapidly, and the patient was discharged. At the 4-month follow up visit, cardiac MRI revealed no shunt at the occlusion site, and the edge of the occluder was secured in the adjacent normal cardiac tissues. In conclusion, cardiac MRI could be considered for patients with a newly implanted cobalt alloy stent to provide an accurate assessment of VSR.
Types of Interventions Made by Clinical Pharmacists in the IMPROVE Study (2000)

The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the activities and interventions provided by ambulatory care clinical pharmacists during the IMPROVE (Impact of Managed Pharmaceutical Care on Resource Utilization and Outcomes in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers) study. A total of 523 patients were randomized into the intervention arm at nine Veterans Affairs medical centers if they were considered to be at high risk for drug-related problems. Patients randomized to the control group had no interventions and they are not reported. Using a standard form, pharmacists were asked to document the length of visit, method of contact, medical conditions addressed, and drug-related problems addressed and resolved during each contact. Seventy-eight ambulatory care clinical pharmacists documented 1855 contacts over 12 months, an average of 3.54 +/- 2.31/patient. The length of visits was 15 minutes or more for 73% of contacts. In-person contacts accounted for 1421 visits (76.6%), with the remainder being telephone contacts. During each contact the average number of drug-related problems addressed and resolved were 1.64 +/- 1.16 and 1.14 +/- 0.98, respectively. More drug-related problems were addressed and resolved when visits were 15 minutes or longer (p=0.001) and when the contact was in person (p=0.001). These data may provide information to clinical pharmacists developing pharmacy-managed clinics for patients at high risk for drug-related problems. The information may be a benchmark for types of interventions that can be made, as well as the time commitments required to make them.
New Anatomic Considerations on the Levator Labii Superioris Related With the Nasal Ala (2010)

The levator labii superioris (LLS) muscle is well known as one of the upper-lip elevators; however, there have been few reports about the anatomic description of the LLS. Especially, the shape of the LLS and its relationship with the nasal ala were not clearly shown in the literature. The aim of this study was to clarify and describe the morphology and topography of the LLS and the anatomic variations to understand the function of the LLS related with the nasal ala. The LLS was examined in 102 specimens of embalmed Korean and French adult cadavers. The LLS was classified into 3 categories according to its shape and attachment: rectangular (83%), fan (10%), or trapezoid (7%) type. The medial fibers of the LLS were attached to the deep surface of the alar facial crease and were mainly intermingled with the alar part of the nasalis. Some of the deeper muscle fibers of the LLS extended to the vestibular skin of the nasal lobule. These new anatomic findings in the current study could be useful information for understanding the function of the LLS and the various surgical procedures of the perinasal region.
On the delamination of air electrodes of solid oxide electrolysis cells: A mini-review (2022)

Electrochemically producing hydrogen from water via solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is regarded as one of the promising options for renewable energy storage. However, the delamination of the air electrodes was often observed during long-term tests, which significantly reduces the lifespan of SOECs and hinders the commercialization of this technology. This mini-review will involve the proposed mechanisms accounting for the delamination and possible methods to prevent or alleviate it. We expect that this mini-review will provide rational guidelines for the design of air electrode–electrolyte interface of SOECs which can effectively extend the lifespan.
Maternal Primary Imprinting Is Established at a Specific Time for Each Gene throughout Oocyte Growth (2002)

Primary imprinting during gametogenesis governs the monoallelic expression/repression of imprinted genes in embryogenesis. Previously, we showed that maternal primary imprinting is disrupted in neonate-derived non-growing oocytes. Here, to investigate precisely when and in what order maternal primary imprinting progresses, we produced parthenogenetic embryos containing one genome from a non-growing or growth-stage oocyte from 1- to 20-day-old mice and one from a fully grown oocyte of adult mice. We used these embryos to analyze the expression of eight imprinted genes: Peg1/Mest, Peg3, Snrpn, Znf127, Ndn, Impact, Igf2r, and p57(KIP2). The results showed that the imprinting signals for each gene were not all imposed together at a specific time during oocyte growth but rather occurred throughout the period from primary to antral follicle stage oocytes. The developmental ability of the constructed parthenogenetic embryos was gradually reduced as the nuclear donor oocytes grew. These studies provide the first insight into the process of primary imprinting during oocyte growth.