gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammation and NO<sub>x</sub>-induced nitration: Assay for 3-nitrotyrosine by HPLC with electrochemical detection (1997)

The identification of 15N-labeled 3-nitrotyrosine (NTyr) by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy in protein hydrolyzates from activated RAW 264.7 macrophages incubated with 15N-L-arginine confirms that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is involved in the nitration of protein-bound tyrosine (Tyr). An assay is presented for NTyr that employs HPLC with tandem electrochemical and UV detection. The assay involves enzymatic hydrolysis of protein, acetylation, solvent extraction, O-deacetylation, and dithionite reduction to produce an analyte containing N-acetyl-3-aminotyrosine, an electrochemically active derivative of NTyr. We estimate the level of protein-bound NTyr in normal rat plasma to be approximately 0-1 residues per 10(6) Tyr with a detection limit of 0.5 per 10(7) Tyr when > 100 nmol of Tyr is analyzed and when precautions are taken to limit nitration artifacts. Zymosan-treated RAW 264.7 cells were shown to have an approximately 6-fold higher level of protein-bound NTyr compared with control cells and cells treated with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NOS. Intraperitoneal injection of F344 rats with zymosan led to a marked elevation in protein-bound NTyr to approximately 13 residues per 10(6) Tyr, an approximately 40-fold elevation compared with plasma protein of untreated rats; cotreatment with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine inhibited the formation of NTyr in plasma protein from blood and peritoneal exudate by 69% and 53%, respectively. This assay offers a highly sensitive and quantitative approach for investigating the role of reactive byproducts of nitric oxide in the many pathological conditions and disease states associated with NO(X) exposure such as inflammation and smoking.
Internet protocol suite for safety services: Progress toward a validated standard (2017)

Current regional implementations and deployments of aircraft-to-ground safety of flight data communications are based on existing, aviation-unique Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) and Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) communication protocols. While regional objectives are being met, Air Traffic Management stakeholders recognize the benefits of enhancing the communications infrastructure to support emerging advanced services while striving towards global data communications harmonization and interoperability. To support that objective, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is specifying a new network infrastructure for safety services based on the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). IPS will leverage commercial Internet Protocol (IP) technologies, profiled and tailored to meet the challenging requirements of aeronautical safety services.
The Prevalence of Species and Strains in the Human Microbiome: A Resource for Experimental Efforts (2014)

Experimental efforts to characterize the human microbiota often use bacterial strains that were chosen for historical rather than biological reasons. Here, we report an analysis of 380 whole-genome shotgun samples from 100 subjects from the NIH Human Microbiome Project. By mapping their reads to 1,751 reference genome sequences and analyzing the resulting relative strain abundance in each sample we present metrics and visualizations that can help identify strains of interest for experimentalists. We also show that approximately 14 strains of 10 species account for 80% of the mapped reads from a typical stool sample, indicating that the function of a community may not be irreducibly complex. Some of these strains account for >20% of the sequence reads in a subset of samples but are absent in others, a dichotomy that could underlie biological differences among subjects. These data should serve as an important strain selection resource for the community of researchers who take experimental approaches to studying the human microbiota.
Human Decay-Accelerating Factor and CEACAM Receptor-Mediated Internalization and Intracellular Lifestyle of Afa/Dr Diffusely Adhering <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Epithelial Cells (2008)

We used transfected epithelial CHO-B2 cells as a model to identify the mechanism mediating internalization of Afa/Dr diffusely adhering Escherichia coli. We provide evidence that neither the alpha5 or beta1 integrin subunits nor alpha5beta1 integrin functioned as a receptor mediating the adhesion and/or internalization of Dr or Afa-III fimbria-positive bacteria. We also demonstrated that (i) whether or not the AfaD or DraD invasin subunits were present, there was no difference in the cell association and entry of bacteria and that (ii) DraE or AfaE-III adhesin subunits are necessary and sufficient to promote the receptor-mediated bacterial internalization into epithelial cells expressing human decay-accelerating factor (DAF), CEACAM1, CEA, or CEACAM6. Internalization of Dr fimbria-positive E. coli within CHO-DAF, CHO-CEACAM1, CHO-CEA, or CHO-CEACAM6 cells occurs through a microfilament-independent, microtubule-dependent, and lipid raft-dependent mechanism. Wild-type Dr fimbria-positive bacteria survived better within cells expressing DAF than bacteria internalized within CHO-CEACAM1, CHO-CEA, or CHO-CEACAM6 cells. In DAF-positive cells, internalized Dr fimbria-positive bacteria were located in vacuoles that contained more than one bacterium, displaying some of the features of late endosomes, including the presence of Lamp-1 and Lamp-2, and some of the features of CD63 proteins, but not of cathepsin D, and were acidic. No interaction between Dr fimbria-positive-bacterium-containing vacuoles and the autophagic pathway was observed.
Catalytic conversion of ketones to esters <i>via</i> C(O)–C bond cleavage under transition-metal free conditions (2020)

The catalytic conversion of ketones to esters via C(O)-C bond cleavage under transition-metal free conditions is reported. This catalytic process proceeds under solvent-free conditions and offers an easy operational procedure, broad substrate scope with excellent selectivity, and reaction scalability.
&lt;title&gt;Resist Characterization: Procedures, Parameters, And Profiles&lt;/title&gt; (1982)

Measurement systems for determining the exposure and development model are coupled with SAMPLE resist profile simulations to explore the impact of positive photoresist types, processing conditions, developer types, and resist lots on line edge profiles. The exposure system uses the optical transmission of a resist layer on a nonreflecting glass substrate as a function of exposure. A full spectrum, high intensity &quot;hard&quot; bleach is used to completely expose the photoactive compound. The companion development system uses optical interference through a transparent substrate to measure the development rate. The reproducibility of these systems and their accuracy compared to independent measurements are considered. These systems are applied to the problems of determining the critical prebake temperature at which thermal degradation occurs, exploring differences between developers, and making lot-to-lot comparisons of resists. Parameter values for several resists are reported. The importance of the exposure and development parameters is illustrated using the SAMPLE program.
The <i>Enterococcus faecalis fsrB</i> Gene, a Key Component of the <i>fsr</i> Quorum-Sensing System, Is Associated with Virulence in the Rabbit Endophthalmitis Model (2002)

We used a rabbit endophthalmitis model to explore the role of fsrB, a gene required for the function of the fsr quorum-sensing system of Enterococcus faecalis, in pathogenicity. A nonpolar deletion mutant of fsrB had significantly reduced virulence compared to wild type. Complementation of mutation restored virulence. These data corroborate the role of fsrB in E. faecalis pathogenesis and suggest that the rabbit endophthalmitis model can be used to study the in vivo role of quorum sensing.
All-optical wavelength converter scheme forhigh speed RZ signal formats (1997)

The authors demonstrate an all-optical wavelength conversion technique that overcomes the carrier recovery time constraints of SOAs, enabling RZ output signals. Penalty-free conversion at 40 Gbit/s over 30 nm, with a monolithically integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer is demonstrated for the first time.
On combined statistical and <i>j</i> <i>z</i>-conserving coupled states approximations (1976)

In this paper we consider the collision of an atom and diatomic molecule within the framework of the jz-conserving coupled states approximation. Particular attention is focused on the dependence of jz CCS cross sections upon the rotor magnetic quantum number. It is found computationally that for the He+H2 and He+CO2 systems, the jz CCS partial cross sections σJλ0j0→j are approximately independent of the particular value of λ0, so that the full cross section can be estimated quite well by σj0→j?[π/k2j0(2j0+1) ΣJ(2J+1)(2 min(j0,j,J)+1) ‖TJλ0(j0‖j) ‖2, where ‖λ0(j0, j, J) ‖? min (j0, j, J). This is equivalent to a statistical approximation so far as the magnetic states of the rotor is concerned. By utilizing this fact, one need carry out jz CCS calculations only for λ0=0 and then employ the above expression for σj0→j to obtain all possible integral cross sections. This leads to an approximation scheme requiring the same computational effort as Rabitz’s effective potential method. However, the accuracy of the present approximation is expected to be better than the E.P. for the strongly interacting He+CO2 system. Furthermore, if only transitions involving larger j0, j are required, one may choose λ0=J for J&amp;lt; min (j0, j) and λ0=min (j0, j) for J? min (j0, j). This results in even fewer equations to solve than the effective potential method. It enables one to systematically truncate the number of states coupled in order to calculate a given j0→j cross section since j′&amp;lt;λ0 do not enter the equations. Thus, the truncated statistical jz approximation is the first fully quantal approach to inelastic molecular collisions which permits one to (a) select a transition ji→jf in which one is interested and (b) within the jzCCS approximation, rigorously eliminate all states j′&amp;lt; min (ji, jf, J) for each J. Yet another level of approximtation can be obtained by combining the results of the statistical jz and truncated statistical jz approximations. The averaged results are found to be much more accurate than either approximation alone and in fact are within a very few percent of the full jzCCS results for the He+H2 and He+CO2 systems. The computational effort is simply the sum of that for the statistical jz and truncated statistical jz approximations. This is still very much less than a full jzCCS calculation and only slightly more work than the E.P. method. The results for the j0, j transitions with j0, j&amp;lt;λ0 will be the same as the statistical jz method. Numerical results are presented for the He+H2 and He+CO2 systems to illustrate these new statistical jz approximations.
Effect of Exosomes from Rat Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Neurite Outgrowth and Sciatic Nerve Regeneration After Crush Injury (2018)

Peripheral nerve injury requires optimal conditions in both macro-environment and microenvironment for promotion of axonal regeneration. However, most repair strategies of traumatic peripheral nerve injury often lead to dissatisfying results in clinical outcome. Though various strategies have been carried out to improve the macro-environment, the underlying molecular mechanism of axon regeneration in the microenvironment provided by nerve conduit remains unclear. In this study, we evaluate the effects of from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSCs) originating exosomes with respect to sciatic nerve regeneration and neurite growth. Molecular and immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the presence of characteristic exosome markers. A co-culture system was established to determine the effect of exosomes on neurite elongation in vitro. The in vivo walking behaviour of rats was evaluated by footprint analysis, and the nerve regeneration was assessed by immunocytochemistry. adMSCs secrete nano-vesicles known as exosomes, which increase neurite outgrowth in vitro and enhance regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in vivo. Furthermore, we showed the presence of neural growth factors transcripts in adMSC exosomes for the first time. Our results demonstrate that exosomes, constitutively produced by adMSCs, are involved in peripheral nerve regeneration and have the potential to be utilised as a therapeutic tool for effective tissue-engineered nerves.
Distinction Between Two Populations of Islet-1-Positive Cells in Hearts of Different Murine Strains (2010)

Islet-1 expression identifies populations of progenitor cells in embryonic, fetal, and newborn murine hearts that are able to give rise to all cardiac cell lineages ex vivo and in vivo. Using systematic immunohistochemistry, we investigated whether islet-1-positive cells are present in adult mouse heart from the perspective of their potential therapeutic utility. The presence, localization, and nature of islet-1-positive cells were assessed in mice of different strains, ages, and conditions. Islet-1-positive cells were present in mouse heart from postnatal day 1 to young adulthood. Depending on the strain, these cells were organized in either 1 or 2 types of clusters localized to restricted areas, at a distance of 6%-35% of the heart length from the base. The first type of cluster was present in all strains and consisted of neural crest-derived cells that formed cardiac ganglia. The number of cells remained stable (a few hundred) from neonatal up to adult ages, and variations were noted between strains regarding their long-term persistency. The second type of cluster was essentially present in 129SvJ or Balb/C strains and absent from the other strains tested (C57BL/6J, C3H, SJL). It consisted of cells expressing highly ordered sarcomeric actin, consistent with their having cardiomyocyte identity. These cells disappeared in animals older than 4 months. Neither the number nor the type of islet-1-positive cells varied with time in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Our studies demonstrate that islet-1-positive cells are relatively few in number in adult murine heart, being localized in restricted and rather inaccessible areas, and can represent both neural crest and cardiomyocyte lineages.
High‐speed and low‐voltage write addressing of plasma display panels by use of extremely weak discharge (2013)

Abstract Although the priming effect shortens address period and reduces address voltage, it is difficult to use the priming effect for the conventional write addressing method because the ramp reset pulses provide little priming effect. An extremely weak discharge for priming has been incorporated with write addressing method. The extremely weak discharge is generated by priming pulse applied just prior to the scan pulse. In the 4‐in‐diagonal test panel containing Ne + 10%Xe mixture gas, infrared emission intensity of the discharge is 900 times smaller than that of sustain discharge. Therefore, there is no degradation of dark room contrast ratio. Because the priming discharge generates a very small amount of charges, there is little reduction in the amount of wall charge accumulated during reset period. Namely, increase in address voltage can be avoided. Although the discharge intensity is extremely low, it provides sufficient priming particles for high‐speed and low‐voltage addressing. When priming pulse voltage is 70 V and width is 10 µs, the address discharge delay is reduced to less than half. When the scan voltage margin is 10 V, the data voltage is reduced to 17 V, which is 20 V lower than that of conventional method.
Directional light scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2005)

The cone photoreceptor mosaic of the living human eye has in a limited number of cases been imaged without the use of wavefront-correction techniques. To accomplish this, the directionality of the photoreceptors, as manifested by their waveguiding properties, may be used to advantage. In the present paper we provide a model of our recently proposed directional light scanning laser ophthalmoscope [Opt. Lett. 29, 968 (2004)] together with a detailed numerical analysis of the device. The outcome is compared with experimental results.
Chronic neuropathic pain reduces opioid receptor availability with associated anhedonia in rat (2018)

The opioid system plays a critical role in both the experience and management of pain. Although acute activation of the opioid system can lead to pain relief, the effects of chronic pain on the opioid system remain opaque. Cross-sectional positron emission tomography (PET) studies show reduced availability of brain opioid receptors in patients with chronic pain but are unable to (1) determine whether these changes are due to the chronic pain itself or due to preexisting or medication-induced differences in the endogenous opioid system, and (2) identify the neurobiological substrate of reduced opioid receptor availability. We investigated these possibilities using a well-controlled longitudinal study design in rat. Using [F]-FDPN-PET in either sham rats (n = 17) or spared nerve injury rats (n = 17), we confirmed reduced opioid receptor availability in the insula, caudate-putamen, and motor cortex of nerve injured rats 3 months after surgery, indicating that painful neuropathy altered the endogenous opioid system. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced expression of the mu-opioid receptor, MOR1, in the caudate-putamen and insula. Neither the opioid peptide enkephalin nor the neuronal marker NeuN differed between groups. In nerve-injured animals, sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia/depression-like behavior, positively correlated with PET opioid receptor availability and MOR1-immunoreactivity in the caudate-putamen. These findings provide new evidence that the altered supraspinal opioid receptor availability observed in human patients with chronic pain may be a direct result of chronic pain. Moreover, reduced opioid receptor availability seems to reflect decreased receptor expression, which may contribute to pain-induced depression.
Search for heavy resonances decaying into a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in final states with leptons and b-jets in 36 fb−1 of $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A bstract A search is conducted for new resonances decaying into a W or Z boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson in the $$ \nu \overline{\nu}b\overline{b} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mover><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mover><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> , $$ {\ell}^{\pm}\nu b\overline{b} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mover><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> , and $$ {\ell}^{+}{\ell}^{-}b\overline{b} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mover><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> final states, where ℓ ± = e ± or μ ± , in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:math> TeV. The data used correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during the 2015 and 2016 data-taking periods. The search is conducted by examining the reconstructed invariant or transverse mass distributions of W h and Zh candidates for evidence of a localised excess in the mass range of 220 GeV up to 5 TeV. No significant excess is observed and the results are interpreted in terms of constraints on the production cross-section times branching fraction of heavy W ′ and Z ′ resonances in heavy-vector-triplet models and the CP-odd scalar boson A in two-Higgs-doublet models. Upper limits are placed at the 95% confidence level and range between 9 . 0 × 10 −4 pb and 7 . 3 × 10 −1 pb depending on the model and mass of the resonance.
Suppression of Tumor Growth and Metastasis of Murine Renal Adenocarcinoma by Syngeneic Fibroblasts Genetically Engineered to Secrete the JE/MCP-1 Cytokine (1995)

The murine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, JE/MCP-1, like its human counterpart monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), attracts monocytes-macrophages to tumor tissues. In previous studies we reported that expression of the JE/MCP-1 gene in murine colon carcinoma cells reduced their tumorigenicity and suppressed their metastatic potential. We now demonstrate that the growth and metastasis of the renal adenocarcinoma cell line RENCA are reduced when it was admixed with syngeneic fibroblasts engineered to secrete the JE/MCP-1 cytokine before injection. Culture supernatants of JE/MCP-1-expressing cells plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synergistically activated tumoricidal properties in syngeneic macrophages against RENCA cells. This activity was blocked by anti-JE/MCP-1 antibody, indicating that JE/MCP-1 was involved in priming the macrophages to respond to LPS. Moreover, alveolar macrophages isolated shortly after iv injections of JE/MCP-1 transfected cells were cytotoxic to RENCA cells in vitro. Collectively, these data suggest that in addition to its chemotactic properties, JE/MCP-1 can synergize with bacterial endotoxins to activate macrophages, thus providing a rationale for the use of the JE/MCP-1 protein as a modality for treatment of metastasis.
Reversal of Dabigatran Effects in Models of Thrombin Generation and Hemostasis by Factor VIIa and Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (2016)

Surv Anesthesiol 2016;60(2):79–80 Although oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran is associated with less bleeding risks than vitamin K antagonists, there are still high-risk anticoagulant effects that, without a reversal antidote, can be life threatening. Agents that have been used to attempt reversal of these effects, such as nonactivated prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) and recombinant factor VIIa (FVIIa), have had no clinical trial validating their effectiveness in restoring hemostasis.
The hardness factor in rotational inelastic scattering (1992)

Abstract Inelastic cross-sections for He + HF collisions have been calculated using an exponential repulsive potential in which the exponent can be increased to approach the hard shape limit. Convergence to the hard shape results is slow, particularly for a transition 0 → 3 which is near the threshold. We attribute slow convergence to the different boundary conditions that are applied in the soft and hard calculations.