gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specialized Flavoprotein Promotes Sulfur Migration and Spiroaminal Formation in Aspirochlorine Biosynthesis (2020)

Epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs) are a class of ecologically and medicinally important cyclodipeptides bearing a reactive transannular disulfide bridge. Aspirochlorine, an antifungal and toxic ETP isolated from <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> used in sake brewing, deviates from the common ETP scaffold owing to its unusual ring-enlarged disulfide bridge linked to a spiroaminal ring system. Although this disulfide ring system is implicated in the biological activity of ETPs the biochemical basis for this derailment has remained a mystery. Here we report the discovery of a novel oxidoreductase (AclR) that represents the first-in-class enzyme catalyzing both a carbon-sulfur bond migration and spiro-ring formation, and that the <i>acl</i> pathway involves a cryptic acetylation as a prerequisite for the rearrangement. Genetic screening in <i>A. oryzae</i> identified <i>aclR</i> as the candidate for the complex biotransformation, and the <i>aclR</i>-deficient mutant provided the biosynthetic intermediate, unexpectedly harboring an acetyl group. In vitro assays showed that AclR alone promotes 1,2-sulfamyl migration, elimination of the acetoxy group, and spiroaminal formation. AclR features a thioredoxin oxidoreductase fold with a noncanonical CXXH motif that is distinct from the CXXC in the disulfide forming oxidase for the ETP biosynthesis. Crystallographic and mutational analyses of AclR revealed that the CXXH motif is crucial for catalysis, whereas the flavin-adenine dinucleotide is required as a support of the protein fold, and not as a redox cofactor. AclR proved to be a suitable bioinformatics handle to discover a number of related fungal gene clusters that potentially code for the biosynthesis of derailed ETP compounds. Our results highlight a specialized role of the thioredoxin oxidoreductase family enzyme in the ETP pathway and expand the chemical diversity of small molecules bearing an aberrant disulfide pharmacophore.
Center-surround interactions in a network model of layer 4Cα of primary visual cortex (2013)

© 2013 Metzner et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Wadsworth-Emmons reaction revisited (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWadsworth-Emmons reaction revisitedWojciech J. StecCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1983, 16, 11, 411–417Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00095a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00095a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views793Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Diphenylphosphinoyl‐2,3‐dihydropyran‐4‐ones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
State-Dependent Parallel Gaussian Networks With a Common State-Cognitive Helper (2015)

State-dependent parallel networks with a common state-cognitive helper is studied, in which K transmitters wish to send K messages to their corresponding receivers over K state-corrupted parallel channels, and a helper who knows the state information noncausally wishes to assist these receivers to cancel state interference. Furthermore, the helper also has its own message to be sent simultaneously to its corresponding receiver. Since the state information is known only to the helper, but not to other transmitters, transmitter-side state cognition and receiver-side state interference are mismatched. Our focus is on the high state power regime, i.e., the state power goes to infinity. Three (sub)models are studied. Model I serves as a basic model, which consists of only one transmitter-receiver (with state corruption) pair in addition to a helper that assists the receiver to cancel state in addition to transmitting its own message. Model II consists of two transmitter-receiver pairs in addition to a helper, and only one receiver is interfered by a state sequence. Model III generalizes model I to include multiple transmitter- receiver pairs with each receiver corrupted by independent state. For all models, the inner and outer bounds on the capacity region are derived, and comparison of the two bounds yields characterization of either full or partial boundary of the capacity region under various channel parameters.
Dual-use bistatic multi-frequency HF radar for ship classification and mapping of oceanic currents and vector winds (2005)

We discuss a dual-use bistatic HF radar design using multi-frequency operation over the HF band for ship classification and mapping of ocean current shear. The radar is based on a digital transceiver PCI card family that supports antenna arrays of four to 32 elements in a single PC computer, with larger arrays possible using additional PC. We show measurement and modeling examples of multiple frequency HF radar cross section (RCS) of ships to demonstrate target classification. Results of using 32 frequencies to measure the fine structure in ocean current vertical shear are also shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C=N Bond Formation by Metal‐Imide‐Mediated Imine Metathesis. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<sup>1</sup>H NMR-Based Metabonomics for Investigating Diabetes (2009)

Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia due to dysfunction of insulin secretion or action. The two most common forms are Type 1 diabetes, in which pancreatic β-cells are destroyed, and Type 2 diabetes, in which a combination of disordered insulin action and secretion results in abnormal carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Metabonomics employs analytical technologies to measure 'global' metabolic responses to a disease state. With the aid of statistical pattern recognition, this can reveal novel insights into the biochemical consequences of diabetes. The metabonomic method can be divided into four stages: sample collection; preparation; data acquisition and processing; and statistical analyses. In this review, we describe the most recent developments at each experimental stage in detail, and comment on specific precautions or improvements that should be taken into account when studying diabetes. Finally, we end with speculations as to where and how the field will develop in the future. Metabonomics provides a logical framework for understanding the global metabolic effects of diabetes. Continuing technological improvements will expand our knowledge of the causes and progression of this disease, and enhance treatment options for individuals.
ChemInform Abstract: Aziridination (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electromechanical properties of paper‐derived potassium sodium niobate piezoelectric ceramics (2022)

Abstract The small‐signal dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients of paper‐derived sodium potassium niobate, K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN), were compared with those of conventionally prepared samples. Results show similar functional properties of paper‐derived KNN without significantly decreasing the small‐signal piezoelectric coefficient. The structure and microstructure analysis of conventional KNN and paper‐derived KNN did not reveal any significant difference in the crystal structure and grain size. However, the temperature‐dependent inter‐ferroelectric phase transition temperature estimated from the temperature‐dependent dielectric permittivity data revealed a decrease of approximately 18°C for the paper‐derived KNN and is possibly associated with the structural and microstructural defects. This work indicates that optimizing suspension chemistry and sintering conditions will be critical to enhance the functional response of paper‐derived KNN further. Moreover, paper‐derived ceramic processing, a novel and cost‐effective additive manufacturing technology, can be potentially used to fabricate other electroceramics with a wide range of porosities and sizes as well as complex geometries and multilayer structures.
Cytotoxic and Bactericidal Effects of Inhalable Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Nanoparticles with Traces of Zinc Oxide (2023)

The bactericidal effects of inhalable ciprofloxacin (CIP) loaded-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) nanoparticles (NPs) with traces of zinc oxide (ZnO) were investigated against clinical strains of the respiratory pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</i> CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs retained their bactericidal activity within the formulations compared to free CIP drugs against these two pathogens, and bactericidal effects were enhanced with the inclusion of ZnO. PEtOx polymer and ZnO NPs did not show bactericidal activity alone or in combination against these pathogens. The formulations were tested to determine the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects on airway epithelial cells derived from healthy donors (NHBE), donors with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, DHBE), and a cell line derived from adults with cystic fibrosis (CFBE41o-) and macrophages from healthy adult controls (HCs), and those with either COPD or CF. NHBE cells demonstrated maximum cell viability (66%) against CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) value of 50.7 mg/mL. CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs were more toxic to epithelial cells from donors with respiratory diseases than NHBEs, with respective IC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.103 mg/mL for DHBEs and 0.514 mg/mL for CFBE41o- cells. However, high concentrations of CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs were toxic to macrophages, with respective IC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.002 mg/mL for HC macrophages and 0.021 mg/mL for CF-like macrophages. PEtOx NPs, ZnO NPs, and ZnO-PEtOx NPs with no drug were not cytotoxic to any cells investigated. The in vitro digestibility of PEtOx and its NPs was investigated in simulated lung fluid (SLF) (pH 7.4). The analysed samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Digestion of PEtOx NPs commenced one week following incubation and was completely digested after four weeks; however, the original PEtOx was not digested after six weeks of incubation. The outcome of this study revealed that PEtOx polymer could be considered an efficient drug delivery carrier in respiratory linings, and CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs with traces of ZnO could be a promising addition to inhalable treatments against resistant bacteria with reduced toxicity.
Peaks in the Frequency Response of Hearing Aids: Evaluation of the Effects on Speech Intelligibility and Sound Quality (1996)

In a series of experiments, we introduced peaks of 10, 20, and 30 dB, in various combinations, onto a smooth reference frequency response. For each of the conditions, we evaluated speech intelligibility in noise, using a test as developed by Plomp and Mimpen (1979), and sound quality (for both speech and music), using a rating-scale procedure. We performed the experiments with 26 listeners with sensorineurally impaired hearing and 10 listeners with normal hearing. Signal processing was accomplished digitally; for each listener, the stimuli were filtered and subsequently amplified so that the average speech spectrum was well above the threshold of hearing at all frequencies. The results show that, as a result of the introduction of peaks onto the frequency response, speech intelligibility is affected more for the listeners with impaired hearing than for those with normal hearing. Sound-quality judgments tend to be less different between the listener groups. Conditions with 30-dB peaks especially show serious effects on both speech intelligibility and sound quality.
The TGFβ superfamily in Lisbon: navigating through development and disease (2017)

The 10th FASEB meeting 'The TGFβ Superfamily: Signaling in Development and Disease' took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in July 2017. As we review here, the findings presented at the meeting highlighted the important contributions of TGFβ family signaling to normal development, adult homeostasis and disease, and also revealed novel mechanisms by which TGFβ signals are transduced.
Neural networks for EEG signal decomposition and classification (2002)

The authors present a new method for the decomposition of time varying signals based on a principal component analysis implemented with unsupervised neural networks. The method is applied to EEG spike detection using neural networks directly fed with the signal components, avoiding the time consuming feature extraction phase. Results show good learning capability of the topologies used.
Predicting new solids and their properties (1991)

Abstract It is now possible to predict properties of materials using quantum theory and minimal information about the constituent atoms of a solid. Accurate calculations explaining and, in some cases, predicting electronic, structural, vibrational, and even superconducting properties of solids have been performed. Here we provide an overview of this area with emphasis on the predictive capacity of the approach. A few of the applications which will be highlighted include the analysis of high-pressure structures of solid, compounds having very low compressibilities, and metallic hydrogen.
Olefin/Paraffin Alkylation: Evolution of a “Green”Technology (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Liquid Acid Catalysts Zeolite Catalysts AlkyClean Alkylation Process: A True Solid Acid Catalyst (SAC) Process Conclusion References
Use of ion-molecule reactions for selected reaction monitoring in gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric analyses in two model systems (1988)

The use of ion-molecule reactions with NH3 for selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric analysis is demonstrated for 2-methoxyethanol and chlorobenzene in methanol and urine. In the former, the reaction [CH3OC2H4]+ + NH3----[H2NC2H4]+ + CH3OH was followed; in the latter, the reaction [-C3H5Cl]+. + NH3----[C6H5NH3]+ + Cl.. Increased selectivity and an improvement in sensitivity by factors of up to five were observed when compared to conventional SRM analyses that used collisionally activated decompositions on NH3. SRM analyses with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using ion-molecule reactions rather than collisionally activated decompositions have been found to be more sensitive and more selective in two model systems.
&lt;title&gt;Digital test of a ΣΔ modulator in a mixed-signal BIST architecture&lt;/title&gt; (2005)

Oversampling Sigma-Delta modulators are commonly used in the design of high-resolution Analogue-to-Digital Converters (ADCs). The test of these &#931;&#916; modulators is a difficult and expensive task due to the need for the generation of a high-precision analogue test signal and the necessity of complex digital resources for the test response analysis. These problems can be overcome with the integration of the test in the chip by means of Built-In Self-Test (BIST) approaches. In this paper we present a BIST technique for high-precision &#931;&#916; modulators, by incorporating on-chip test signal generation and on-chip test response analysis capabilities. The approach, mostly digital, is based on the application of a binary stream as test stimulus and the re-use of the digital decimation filter present in a &#931;&#916; ADC for the test response analysis. The binary stimulus, which encodes a sinusoidal signal, is chosen to have a very high quality in the bandwidth of interest of the modulator. For the analysis of the test response, a high-precision sinusoidal signal is necessary as reference. This reference signal can be obtained from the same binary stimulus, by passing it directly to the digital decimation filter existing in the converter. Test response and sinusoidal reference signal are both compared by means of a sine-wave curve-fitting algorithm in order to obtain a measure of the SNDR (Signal-to-Noise-plus-Distortion Ratio). Simulation results show that this technique is capable of detecting the SNDR degradations caused by non-idealities in the modulator used in a 16-bit audio &#931;&#916; ADC architecture.
A Probabilistic Approach to Model Resource Contention for Performance Estimation of Multi-featured Media Devices (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Fabrication and Characterization of Optical Micro-Electro-Mechanical System Scanning Devices Using BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric-Coated Substrate Sheet by Aerosol Deposition (2011)

We demonstrated high-speed metal-based Lamb-wave-resonance piezoelectric-drive optical micro-electric-mechanical system (MEMS) scanning devices using lead-free piezoelectric direct coated substrate sheets. The BaTiO 3 -based lead-free piezoelectric direct coated substrate sheet prepared by aerosol deposition achieved a piezoelectric d 31 of approximately -138 pm/V. The metal-based optical scanning devices have a 1 mm circular mirror. Under the ambient air, the wide optical scanning angle of 58° and the high resonance frequency of 26.681 kHz were achieved at the applied voltage of less than 30 V.
A Dual Arm Haptic Exoskeleton for Dynamical Coupled Manipulation (2021)

Most activities of daily living require bimanual motor coordination during interactions with the external environment. Recent advancements in haptics and virtual reality provide researchers with new instruments to study human-robot interaction and implement experimental paradigms to involve multiple degrees of freedom in the simulation of complex interactive environments. We developed a pick and place task on a bimanual 6 DoFs exoskeleton to explore, for the first time, dynamical coupled motor strategies in a 3D workspace. The robot rendered the force feedback resulting from the interaction with a variety of virtual objects. We tested healthy subjects during several experimental conditions corresponding to multiple simulated dynamics. Results highlighted the system ability in reproducing virtual materials of different stiffness. The dependency of subjects’ performance on the virtual objects’ properties and targets’ direction has also been detected, suggesting that providing haptic rendering on a wearable bimanual exoskeleton could represent a starting point for the development of a fully customized and measurable haptic environment.
NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC (2021)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can have viral or non-viral causes<sup>1-5</sup>. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important driver of HCC. Immunotherapy has been approved for treating HCC, but biomarker-based stratification of patients for optimal response to therapy is an unmet need<sup>6,7</sup>. Here we report the progressive accumulation of exhausted, unconventionally activated CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup> T cells in NASH-affected livers. In preclinical models of NASH-induced HCC, therapeutic immunotherapy targeted at programmed death-1 (PD1) expanded activated CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup> T cells within tumours but did not lead to tumour regression, which indicates that tumour immune surveillance was impaired. When given prophylactically, anti-PD1 treatment led to an increase in the incidence of NASH-HCC and in the number and size of tumour nodules, which correlated with increased hepatic CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup>CXCR6<sup>+</sup>, TOX<sup>+</sup>, and TNF<sup>+</sup> T cells. The increase in HCC triggered by anti-PD1 treatment was prevented by depletion of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells or TNF neutralization, suggesting that CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells help to induce NASH-HCC, rather than invigorating or executing immune surveillance. We found similar phenotypic and functional profiles in hepatic CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup> T cells from humans with NAFLD or NASH. A meta-analysis of three randomized phase III clinical trials that tested inhibitors of PDL1 (programmed death-ligand 1) or PD1 in more than 1,600 patients with advanced HCC revealed that immune therapy did not improve survival in patients with non-viral HCC. In two additional cohorts, patients with NASH-driven HCC who received anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 treatment showed reduced overall survival compared to patients with other aetiologies. Collectively, these data show that non-viral HCC, and particularly NASH-HCC, might be less responsive to immunotherapy, probably owing to NASH-related aberrant T cell activation causing tissue damage that leads to impaired immune surveillance. Our data provide a rationale for stratification of patients with HCC according to underlying aetiology in studies of immunotherapy as a primary or adjuvant treatment.
Poor Immunogenicity, Not Vaccine Strain Egg Adaptation, May Explain the Low H3N2 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in 2012–2013 (2018)

In contrast to analyses based on ferret studies, low H3N2 VE in 2012-2013 in adults does not appear to be due to egg adaptation of the vaccine strain. Instead, low VE might have been caused by low vaccine immunogenicity in a subset of the population.