gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive modulators of AMPA receptors as a potential treatment for schizophrenia. (2002)

There is a consensus that current treatments of schizophrenia do not offer satisfactory efficacy for negative and cognitive symptoms. Recently, the dopaminergic hyperfunction hypothesis of schizophrenia has been enriched by the addition of the glutamatergic hypofunction concept. Accordingly, agents enhancing glutamatergic transmission should provide benefit in psychosis. In fact, some preclinical studies suggest that positive modulators of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, previously developed mainly for dementia, may fulfill such expectations. These agents attenuate various biochemical or behavioral effects produced by amphetamine or methamphetamine and enhance the action of antipsychotics. More importantly, preliminary clinical studies with the most advanced member of this class, CX-516(Cortex Pharmaceuticals Inc), indicate beneficial action on negative and cognitive symptoms as an add-on treatment t o clozapine. If these observations are confirmed in a larger scale clinical trial, this approach could be a major improvement in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Subgenome chromosome walking in wheat: A 450-kb physical contig in <i>Triticum monococcum</i> L. spans the <i>Lr10</i> resistance locus in hexaploid wheat ( <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) (2000)

For many agronomically important plant genes, only their position on a genetic map is known. In the absence of an efficient transposon tagging system, such genes have to be isolated by map-based cloning. In bread wheat Triticum aestivum, the genome is hexaploid, has a size of 1.6 x 10(10) bp, and contains more than 80% of repetitive sequences. So far, this genome complexity has not allowed chromosome walking and positional cloning. Here, we demonstrate that chromosome walking using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones is possible in the diploid wheat Triticum monococcum (A(m) genome). BAC end sequences were mostly repetitive and could not be used for the first walking step. New probes corresponding to rare low-copy sequences were efficiently identified by low-pass DNA sequencing of the BACs. Two walking steps resulted in a physical contig of 450 kb on chromosome 1A(m)S. Genetic mapping of the probes derived from the BAC contig demonstrated perfect colinearity between the physical map of T. monococcum and the genetic map of bread wheat on chromosome 1AS. The contig genetically spans the Lr10 leaf rust disease resistance locus in bread wheat, with 0.13 centimorgans corresponding to 300 kb between the closest flanking markers. Comparison of the genetic to physical distances has shown large variations within 350 kb of the contig. The physical contig can now be used for the isolation of the orthologous regions in bread wheat. Thus, subgenome chromosome walking in wheat can produce large physical contigs and saturate genomic regions to support positional cloning.
Regularity results for functionals and Calderon-Zygmund estimates for systems of higher order with p(x) - growth (2006)

We show a partial regularity result for minima of functionals of higher order with nonstandard growth. This means that the growth exponent of the variable containing the highest derivative of the integrand function is variable in space. Under certain continuity assumptions on the exponent function we show that minima are regular on an open set of full measure, which means that their derivative of m-th order is hölder continuous to some exponent. Additionally we show an estimate of Calderon-Zygmund type for systems of higher order with p(x) growth. We show that under certain conditions, higher integrability of the right hand side of the system carries over to the m-th derivative of the solution.
Characterisation of sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa (2012)

Abstract. South Africa holds significant mineral resources, with a substantial fraction of these reserves occurring and being processed in a large geological structure termed the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC). The area is also highly populated by informal, semi-formal and formal residential developments. However, knowledge of air quality and research related to the atmosphere is still very limited in the area. In order to investigate the characteristics and processes affecting sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events, air ion and aerosol particle size distributions and number concentrations, together with meteorological parameters, trace gases and particulate matter (PM) were measured for over two years at Marikana in the heart of the western BIC. The observations showed that trace gas (i.e. SO2, NOx, CO) and black carbon concentrations were relatively high, but in general within the limits of local air quality standards. The area was characterised by very high condensation sink due to background aerosol particles, PM10 and O3 concentration. The results indicated that high amounts of Aitken and accumulation mode particles originated from domestic burning for heating and cooking in the morning and evening, while during daytime SO2-based nucleation followed by the growth by condensation of vapours from industrial, residential and natural sources was the most probable source for large number concentrations of nucleation and Aitken mode particles. Nucleation event day frequency was extremely high, i.e. 86% of the analysed days, which to the knowledge of the authors is the highest frequency ever reported. The air mass back trajectory and wind direction analyses showed that the secondary particle formation was influenced both by local and regional pollution and vapour sources. Therefore, our observation of the annual cycle and magnitude of the particle formation and growth rates during nucleation events were similar to results previously published for a semi-clean savannah site in South Africa.
Non-contact Respiratory Monitoring System for Newborn Using a FG Vision Sensor (2010)

In recent years, development of neonatal care is strongly hoped, with increase of the premature birth rate. Especially respiration of premature is incertitude because central nerve and respiratory function is immature. Therefore, a premature often causes a disease of respiration. In a NICU, neonatal respiration is monitored using cardio-respiratory monitor and pulse oximeter at all times. These contact-type sensors can measure respiratory rate and SpO2. However, because a contact-type sensor might damage the skin of premature, respiratory monitoring exerts an inordinate burden on premature. Therefore, we developed the respiratory monitoring system for newborn using a FG vision sensor. FG vision sensor is an active stereo vision sensor, it is possible for non-contact 3D measurement of surface shape. A respiratory waveform is calculated by detecting the vertical motion of the thoracic and abdominal region with respiration. We attempted clinical experiment in the NICU, and confirmed the accuracy of the obtained respiratory waveform was high. Non-contact respiratory monitoring of newborn using a FG vision sensor enabled the minimally invasive procedure.
An<i>Fgfr3</i>-activating mutation in immature murine osteoblasts affects the appendicular and craniofacial skeleton (2021)

Achondroplasia (ACH), the most common form of dwarfism, is caused by a missense mutation in the gene coding for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). The resulting increase in FGFR3 signaling perturbs the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes (CCs), alters the process of endochondral ossification and thus reduces bone elongation. Increased FGFR3 signaling in osteoblasts (OBs) might also contribute to bone anomalies in ACH. In the present study of a mouse model of ACH, we sought to determine whether FGFR3 overactivation in OBs leads to bone modifications. The model carries an Fgfr3-activating mutation (Fgfr3Y367C/+) that accurately mimics ACH; we targeted the mutation to either immature OBs and hypertrophic CCs or to mature OBs by using the Osx-cre and collagen 1α1 (2.3 kb Col1a1)-cre mouse strains, respectively. We observed that Fgfr3 activation in immature OBs and hypertrophic CCs (Osx-Fgfr3) not only perturbed the hypertrophic cells of the growth plate (thus affecting long bone growth) but also led to osteopenia and low cortical thickness in long bones in adult (3-month-old) mice but not growing (3-week-old) mice. Importantly, craniofacial membranous bone defects were present in the adult mice. In contrast, activation of Fgfr3 in mature OBs (Col1-Fgfr3) had very limited effects on skeletal shape, size and micro-architecture. In vitro, we observed that Fgfr3 activation in immature OBs was associated with low mineralization activity. In conclusion, immature OBs appear to be affected by Fgfr3 overactivation, which might contribute to the bone modifications observed in ACH independently of CCs.
Supplementary Figure 6 from A Small Molecule Reacts with the p53 Somatic Mutant Y220C to Rescue Wild-type Thermal Stability (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S6: Western blots and for 28°C IP and CETSA (A) H1299 cells stably expressing p53 Y220C or p53 R273C were transferred from 37°C to 28°C and p21/MDM2 levels were monitored by western blot at the indicated time points. (B) U2OS cells stably expressing p53 Y220C or parent were transferred to a 28°C incubator and p21/MDM2 levels were observed by western blot at the indicated time points. (C) Extracts from H1299 cells expressing p53 Y220C incubated at 37°C or 28°C for 24 hr were immunoprecipitated with the WT conformation antibody Pab1620. (D) CETSA western blot for p53 Y220C DMSO. (E) CETSA western blot for p53 Y220C treated with 100 μM KG13 for 1 hr. (F) CETSA western blot for p53 WT DMSO.&lt;/p&gt;
InnateDB: systems biology of innate immunity and beyond—recent updates and continuing curation (2012)

InnateDB (http://www.innatedb.com) is an integrated analysis platform that has been specifically designed to facilitate systems-level analyses of mammalian innate immunity networks, pathways and genes. In this article, we provide details of recent updates and improvements to the database. InnateDB now contains >196 000 human, mouse and bovine experimentally validated molecular interactions and 3000 pathway annotations of relevance to all mammalian cellular systems (i.e. not just immune relevant pathways and interactions). In addition, the InnateDB team has, to date, manually curated in excess of 18 000 molecular interactions of relevance to innate immunity, providing unprecedented insight into innate immunity networks, pathways and their component molecules. More recently, InnateDB has also initiated the curation of allergy- and asthma-related interactions. Furthermore, we report a range of improvements to our integrated bioinformatics solutions including web service access to InnateDB interaction data using Proteomics Standards Initiative Common Query Interface, enhanced Gene Ontology analysis for innate immunity, and the availability of new network visualizations tools. Finally, the recent integration of bovine data makes InnateDB the first integrated network analysis platform for this agriculturally important model organism.
A Comparison of the Effect of Ski Sidecut on Three-Dimensional Knee Joint Kinematics During a Ski Run (1997)

The popularity of alpine skis with large sidecuts has increased dramatically in the last few years. However, little scientific data exists regarding the effect of these skis on certain human factors. The purpose of this study was to compare three-dimensional knee joint motions during entire ski runs while skiing on two skis with a large difference in sidecut (Elan SCX and Elan RP90). Five, expert male skiers performed three runs on each ski. Three-dimensional knee joint motion was collected throughout each run using a portable, magnetic motion tracking system. Twenty-four turns from each run were analyzed for joint motion characteristics. The results indicated that no statistically significant differences in knee joint range of motion or angular velocities were found to exist between the Elan SCX and Elan RP90 during normal skiing maneuvers. Further research is needed on the effect of ski sidecut on knee joint kinematics while skiing on varied terrain and/or with different skiing styles. In addition, similar studies comparing the effect of ski sidecut on metabolic cost and effect on injury rates are also needed.
Spatial Transformations in the Parietal Cortex Using Basis Functions (1997)

Sensorimotor transformations are nonlinear mappings of sensory inputs to motor responses. We explore here the possibility that the responses of single neurons in the parietal cortex serve as basis functions for these transformations. Basis function decomposition is a general method for approximating nonlinear functions that is computationally efficient and well suited for adaptive modification. In particular, the responses of single parietal neurons can be approximated by the product of a Gaussian function of retinal location and a sigmoid function of eye position, called a gain field. A large set of such functions forms a basis set that can be used to perform an arbitrary motor response through a direct projection. We compare this hypothesis with other approaches that are commonly used to model population codes, such as computational maps and vectorial representations. Neither of these alternatives can fully account for the responses of parietal neurons, and they are computationally less efficient for nonlinear transformations. Basis functions also have the advantage of not depending on any coordinate system or reference frame. As a consequence, the position of an object can be represented in multiple reference frames simultaneously, a property consistent with the behavior of hemineglect patients with lesions in the parietal cortex.
Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Italian LGBT+ Young Adults’ Mental Health: The Role of Neuroticism and Family Climate (2022)

Vulnerable populations have been among the most affected by the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic; among those, young people and sexual and gender minorities have seen their situation exacerbated by new specific regulations. The aim of the present study was twofold: first, to assess the role of family climate, concerning participants' LGBT+ status during lockdown restrictions, in mediating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on personal quality of life and mental health (stress, depression, and anxiety); second, to assess how individual stable traits can moderate the relationship between the individual impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes. A total of 407 young adults aged 18 to 35 (M age = 25.03 years; SD = 4.68) who self-identified as being part of a sexual or gender minority took part in this study. Results highlight the association between negative family climate and internalizing symptoms of psychological distress, and its role as a partial mediator of the relationship between the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at the individual level and mental health outcomes. Additionally, low personality trait levels of neuroticism significantly decreased the strength of the relationship between LGBT+ status during blocking restrictions and internalizing symptoms.
Reliable CFD-based estimation of flow rate in hemodynamics measures. Part II: Sensitivity analysis and first clinical application (2008)

AMS Subject Classification: 62G99 In Ponzini et al. (2006) a new approach has been proposed for estimat-ing in a reliable way blood flow rate from velocity Doppler measurements. In that paper, basic features of the approach and some “in silico ” test cases 1 were furnished. Here, we give more insights of this approach by perform-ing a sensitivity analysis of the formulae relating blood flow rate to blood velocity. In particular we analyze their sensitivity to the physiological pa-rameters in comparison with the standard formula proposed in Doucette et al. (1992). A first glance at “in vivo ” validation of the formulae is given too. 1
Optical Frequency Comb Generation with an Optical Loop (1998)

We propose a novel method using an optical loop system to expand the span of an optical frequency comb. The validity of this system was confirmed experimentally in the 1.5 µm wavelength region. By using this system, the modulation index was doubled.
Microcavity organic light-emitting diodes for strongly directed pure red, green, and blue emissions (1999)

In this article we demonstrate strongly directed pure red, green, and blue emissions in the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a planar microcavity defined by a pair of dielectric mirror and a metal mirror. By careful control of the cavity mode and the position of the resonance wavelength, the strong directionality in the forward direction as well as the spectral narrowing and the intensity enhancement are realized in the microcavity OLEDs. The intensity enhancements at the resonance wavelength are 1.5–5 compared to the noncavity OLEDs, and the chromaticity coordinates of the emission colors are the ideal primary colors. The experimental results are compared to theoretically calculated ones.
Droplet Size and Emulsifier Type Affect Crystallization and Melting of Hydrocarbon‐in‐Water Emulsions (1993)

ABSTRACT Differential scanning calorimetry was used to monitor crystallization and melting of 20 wt% n‐hexadecane oil‐in‐water emulsions. The temperature at which droplet crystallization occurred depended on type of emulsifier used to stabilize the droplets: sodium caseinate, whey protein isolate, Tween 20. 40. 60 and 80 or sodium dodecyl sulfate. Emulsifiers with hydrocarbon; ails close in structure to n‐hexadecane promdted crystallization at higher temperatures, which suggested that emulsifier molecules at the interface acted as nucleation sites for oil. Smaller droplets crystallized at a slower rate than larger droplets. Droplet size and emulsifier type had no appreciable effect on melting behavior of the droplets.
On the Media and Judicature (2001)

In view of increasingly frequent and violent clashes between the media and judicature, to harmonize the relationship between the media and judicature has grown to be an urgent problem in both theory and practice so that a composite force is formed to push forward social justice and fairness. This article proposes, in order to reach a balance between the press freedom value and the judicial independence value, setting down certain limitations on the supervision of judicature by the media and protecting the media supervision through judicature is the only choice to follow.
Transformation by Oncogenic RAS Sensitizes Human Colon Cells to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis by Up-regulating Death Receptor 4 and Death Receptor 5 through a MEK-dependent Pathway (2005)

RAS oncogenes play a major role in cancer development by activating an array of signaling pathways, most notably mitogen-activated protein kinases, resulting in aberrant proliferation and inhibition of apoptotic signaling cascades, rendering transformed cells resistant to extrinsic death stimuli. However, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is able to kill specific tumor cells through the engagement of its receptors, death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5), and the activation of apoptotic pathways, providing promising targets for anticancer therapies. In this study, we show that TRAIL induces cell death in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in a MEK-dependent manner. We also report a prolonged MEK-dependent activation of ERK1/2 and increased c-FOS expression induced by TRAIL in this system. Our study reveals that transformation of the colon cell line Caco-2 by Ki- and mainly by Ha-ras oncogenes sensitizes these cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by causing specific MEK-dependent up-regulation of DR4 and DR5. These observations taken together reveal that RAS-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway can sensitize cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulating DR4 and DR5 and overall imply that TRAIL-based therapeutic strategies using TRAIL agonists could be used in cases of human colon cancers bearing RAS mutations.
Childhood and long-term dietary calcium intake and adult cardiovascular risk in a population with high calcium intake (2021)

&lt;strong&gt;Background &amp; aims:&lt;/strong&gt; The influence of dietary calcium intake in childhood on adult cardiovascular health is unknown, particularly in those with long-term high intake. To examine both linear and non-linear associations of childhood and long-term (between childhood and adulthood) dietary calcium intake with adult cardiovascular risk outcomes.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A population-based prospective cohort study in Finland (n = 1029, aged 3-18 years at baseline). Dietary calcium intake was assessed in childhood (1980, baseline) and adulthood (mean of available data from 2001, 2007 and 2011). Long-term dietary calcium intake was calculated as the mean between childhood and adulthood. Outcomes were measured in 2001, 2007, and/or 2011, and the latest available data were used for analyses, including high carotid intima-media thickness, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid artery compliance (CAC), Young's elastic modulus (YEM), and stiffness index (SI).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; There were no significant non-linear or linear associations between childhood or long-term dietary calcium intake with any adult cardiovascular outcomes, after adjustment for age, sex, and childhood and adulthood confounders (e.g., body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Childhood or long-term dietary calcium intake that is higher than the recommended level is not associated with increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood.&lt;/p&gt;
Diagnostic Strategies in the Hypothesis-Directed PATHFINDER System (1984)

PATHFINDER is a developing expert system to assist pathologists in the interpretation of findings noted on microscopic examination of lymph node tissue. We describe PATHFINDER’s hypothesis-directed reasoning approach with an emphasis on intelligent question selection strategies, techniques for managing data inaccuracy, and explanation methods for justifying questions asked of the pathologist. Although this work was originally inspired by the INTERNIST-1 approach in building an expert system for pathology.
Ultrasound Induces Aging in Granular Materials (2012)

Aging and rejuvenation have been identified as the general mechanisms that rule the time evolution of granular materials subjected to some external confinement pressure. In creep experiments performed in a triaxial configuration, we obtained evidence that relatively high intensity ultrasound waves propagating through the material induce both weakening and significant plasticity. In the framework of glassy materials, it is shown that the effect of ultrasound can be simply accounted for by a general variable, the fluidity, whose dynamics are described by an effective aging parameter that strongly decreases with sound amplitude and vanishes at the yield stress limit. The response from step perturbations in ultrasound intensity provided a method to assess the effective-viscosity jumps which are direct evidence of acoustic fluidization.
Automatic multiplanar CT reformatting from trans-axial into left ventricle short-axis view (2020)

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