gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution Carbon/Carbon Multilayers (2002)

To synthesize X-ray optical multilayers showing both high resolution and high reflectivity, spacer and absorber materials with low absorption coefficients for the desired spectral range are required. Beside the well-known candidates the material system Carbon / Carbon is interesting because of its low absorption coefficient over a wide spectral range and the opportunity, to deposit C-layers with different modifications, i.e. different optical properties. Simulations of C/C multilayers with different period thicknesses d and single layer densities &#961; show, that reflectivities R (Cu K&#945; ) > 80% and a resolution &#916;&#920;&#8776;0.002° can be achieved for C/C layer stacks with d= 3 nm and N= 1000 periods. An advanced large area Pulsed Laser Deposition (LA-PLD) technology was used to deposit C/C multilayers on Si-substrates up to 4" diameter. The carbon film growth conditions for the spacer and absorber layers were optimised by the variation of selected laser parameters like pulse energy and ablation wavelength, to achieve a sufficient density contrast and smooth interfaces. C/C multilayers with period thickness d= 1.1...7.0 nm and more than 500 periods were deposited. The X-ray optical performance of the C/C multilayers was characterized by means of X-ray reflectometry. A reflectivity R > 50 % (CuK&#945;) was measured for C/C multilayers with d= 17.2 nm and N= 106 periods. A peak resolution (&#916;&#955;/&#955;) &#8776; 1.1 % was obtained for a C/C multilayer structure with N= 80 periods and a period thickness d= 1.1nm. Results of TEM investigations indicate a regular morphology as well as smooth interfaces in the C-C layer stacks. Low compressive stresses were determined in C/C multilayers with different period thicknesses using X-ray diffraction techniques.
Infrared Cameras for Monitoring Pantograph-Catenary Interactions (2003)

The development of innovative non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to improve the efficiency, reliability and safety in the railway transport system is a topic of the railway research. A new measurement system, based on infrared camera acquisitions is considered in this paper. The continuous sliding contact between the wire and the pantograph strip and break arcs leads to a temperature gradient. The quality of the current collection can be evaluated by monitoring the infrared emission at the contact point. Measurements carried out during high speed test runs and a post processing of the data collected have revealed the effectiveness of the proposed sensor for detecting the losses of contact, in order to evaluate and test the performance of running pantographs and of the contact wires
Molecular Characterization of Prostate Cancer with Associated Gleason Score Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2019)

Diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on histologic evaluation of tumor architecture using a system known as the "Gleason score." This diagnostic paradigm, while the standard of care, is time-consuming, shows intraobserver variability, and provides no information about the altered metabolic pathways, which result in altered tissue architecture. Characterization of the molecular composition of prostate cancer and how it changes with respect to the Gleason score (GS) could enable a more objective and faster diagnosis. It may also aid in our understanding of disease onset and progression. In this work, we present mass spectrometry imaging for identification and mapping of lipids and metabolites in prostate tissue from patients with known prostate cancer with GS from 6 to 9. A gradient of changes in the intensity of various lipids was observed, which correlated with increasing GS. Interestingly, these changes were identified in both regions of high tumor cell density, and in regions of tissue that appeared histologically benign, possibly suggestive of precancerous metabolomic changes. A total of 31 lipids, including several phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols, and cardiolipins were detected with higher intensity in GS (4+3) compared with GS (3+4), suggesting they may be markers of prostate cancer aggression. Results obtained through mass spectrometry imaging studies were subsequently correlated with a fast, ambient mass spectrometry method for potential use as a clinical tool to support image-guided prostate biopsy. IMPLICATIONS: In this study, we suggest that metabolomic differences between prostate cancers with different Gleason scores can be detected by mass spectrometry imaging.
Data from Locally Delivered CD40 Agonist Antibody Accumulates in Secondary Lymphoid Organs and Eradicates Experimental Disseminated Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Immunotherapy with intratumoral injection of adenoviral vectors expressing CD40L has yielded positive results in experimental and clinical bladder cancer. We therefore hypothesized that anti-CD40 antibody would be effective in this setting. Agonistic CD40 antibodies were developed as vaccine adjuvants but have later been used as treatment of advanced solid tumors and hematologic cancers. Systemic anti-CD40 therapy has been associated with immune-related adverse events, such as cytokine release syndrome and liver toxicity, and local delivery is an attractive approach that could reduce toxicity. Herein, we compared local and systemic anti-CD40 antibody delivery to evaluate efficacy, toxicity, and biodistribution in the experimental MB49 bladder cancer model. Antitumor effects were confirmed in the B16 model. In terms of antitumor efficacy, local anti-CD40 antibody stimulation was superior to systemic therapy at an equivalent dose and CD8 T cells were crucial for tumor growth inhibition. Both administration routes were dependent on host CD40 expression for therapeutic efficacy. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; biodistribution studies revealed CD40-specific antibody accumulation in the tumor-draining lymph nodes and the spleen, most likely reflecting organs with frequent target antigen-expressing immune cells. Systemic administration led to higher antibody concentrations in the liver and blood compared with local delivery, and was associated with elevated levels of serum haptoglobin. Despite the lack of a slow-release system, local anti-CD40 therapy was dependent on tumor antigen at the injection site for clearance of distant tumors. To summarize, local low-dose administration of anti-CD40 antibody mediates antitumor effects in murine models with reduced toxicity and may represent an attractive treatment alternative in the clinic. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 2(1); 80–90. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Ethanolic Phyto-Extracts of Artemisia annua L. (2021)

<i>Artemisia annua</i> L. (AA) has shown for many centuries important therapeutic virtues associated with the presence of artemisinin (ART). The aim of this study was to identify and quantify ART and other secondary metabolites in ethanolic extracts of AA and evaluate the biological activity in the presence of an inflammatory stimulus. In this work, after the extraction of the aerial parts of AA with different concentrations of ethanol, ART was quantified by HPLC and HPLC-MS. In addition, anthocyanins, flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, lignans, low-molecular-weight phenolics, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and terpenes were identified and semi-quantitatively determined by UHPLC-QTOF-MS untargeted metabolomics. Finally, the viability of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) was evaluated in the presence of the different ethanolic extracts and in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results show that ART is more concentrated in AA samples extracted with 90% ethanol. Regarding the other metabolites, only the anthocyanins are more concentrated in the samples extracted with 90% ethanol. Finally, ART and all AA samples showed a protective action towards the pro-inflammatory stimulus of LPS. In particular, the anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf extract of AA with 90% ethanol was also confirmed at the molecular level since a reduction in TNF-α mRNA gene expression was observed in SH-SY5Y treated with LPS.
Nature‐oriented daycare diversifies skin microbiota in children—No robust association with allergies (2018)

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GWAS of the electrocardiographic QT interval in Hispanics/Latinos generalizes previously identified loci and identifies population-specific signals (2020)

QT interval prolongation is a heritable risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and can predispose to sudden death. Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of QT were performed in European ancestral populations, leaving other groups uncharacterized. Herein we present the first QT GWAS of Hispanic/Latinos using data on 15,997 participants from four studies. Study-specific summary results of the association between 1000 Genomes Project (1000G) imputed SNPs and electrocardiographically measured QT were combined using fixed-effects meta-analysis. We identified 41 genome-wide significant SNPs that mapped to 13 previously identified QT loci. Conditional analyses distinguished six secondary signals at NOS1AP (n = 2), ATP1B1 (n = 2), SCN5A (n = 1), and KCNQ1 (n = 1). Comparison of linkage disequilibrium patterns between the 13 lead SNPs and six secondary signals with previously reported index SNPs in 1000G super populations suggested that the SCN5A and KCNE1 lead SNPs were potentially novel and population-specific. Finally, of the 42 suggestively associated loci, AJAP1 was suggestively associated with QT in a prior East Asian GWAS; in contrast BVES and CAP2 murine knockouts caused cardiac conduction defects. Our results indicate that whereas the same loci influence QT across populations, population-specific variation exists, motivating future trans-ethnic and ancestrally diverse QT GWAS.
Demystifying DDoS as a Service (2017)

In recent years, we have observed a resurgence of DDoS attacks. These attacks often exploit vulnerable servers (e.g., DNS and NTP) to produce large amounts of traffic with little effort. However, we have also observed the appearance of application-level DDoS attacks, which leverage corner cases in the logic of an application in order to severely reduce the availability of the provided service. In both cases, these attacks are used to extort a ransom, to hurt a target organization, or to gain some tactical advantage. As it has happened for many of the components in the underground economy, DDoS has been commoditized, and DDoS as a service (DaaS) providers allow paying customers to buy and direct attacks against specific targets. In this article, we present a measurement study of 17 different DaaS providers, in which we analyzed the different techniques used to launch DDoS attacks, as well as the infrastructure leveraged in order to carry out the attacks. Results show a growing market of short-lived providers, where DDoS attacks are available at low cost (tens of dollars) and capable of easily disrupting connections of over 1.4 Gb/s. In our study, particular attention was given to characterize application-level (HTTP) DDoS attacks, which are more difficult to study given the low volume of traffic they generate and the need to study the logic of the application providing the target service.
High-Voltage-Gain DC–DC Step-Up Converter With Bifold Dickson Voltage Multiplier Cells (2019)

This paper presents an interleaved boost converter with a bifold Dickson voltage multiplier suitable for interfacing low-voltage renewable energy sources to high-voltage distribution buses and other applications that require a high-voltage-gain conversion ratio. The proposed converter was constructed from two stages: an interleaved boost stage, which contains two inductors operated by two low-side active switches, and a voltage multiplier cell (VMC) stage, which mainly consists of diodes and capacitors to increase the overall voltage gain. The proposed converter offers a high-voltage-gain ratio with low voltage stress on the semiconductor switches as well as the passive components. This allows the selection of efficient and compact components. Moreover, the required inductance that ensures operation in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) is lower than the one in the conventional interleaved boost converter. The distinction of the proposed converter is that the inductors' currents are equal, regardless of the number of VMCs. Equal sharing of interleaved boost-stage currents reduces the conduction loss in the active switches as well as the inductors and thus improves the overall efficiency, as the conduction power loss is a quadratic function. In this paper, the theory of operation and steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are illustrated and verified by simulation results. A 200-W hardware prototype was implemented to convert a 20-V input source to a 400-V dc load and validate both the theory and the simulation.
Major bleeding after endoscopic biopsy in relation to use of antithrombotics (2014)

We read with great interest the two articles about gastrointestinal bleeding after cold biopsy [1] [2]. Although endoscopic cold biopsy is regarded as a procedure with low bleeding risk, the actual incidence of delayed bleeding after cold biopsy varies among studies [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. Furthermore, the influence of antithrombotic agents (i. e., antiplatelets and anticoagulants) on post-biopsy bleeding remains unknown. We would like to describe our own experience.
Incremental rotary rolling mill and method (2023)

A rolling mill system for Incremental rotary shaping of an elongated workpiece is provided that includes first and second workpiece holders. A support frame has a track with the first and second workpiece holders being movably associated with the track, the workpiece holders and an associated workpiece being movable in unison along the track. A radial chuck is mounted to the frame that includes a plurality of jaws that are movable radially inwardly and outwardly. Each jaw has a tool mounted thereto that is rotatable about an axis of rotation, with the axis of rotation of each tool being oriented at a skew angle relative to the longitudinal axis of a workpiece. A source of electric current and an electrically conductive flow path are provided for flowing electrical current through a workpiece. A controller is provided that is configured to control the operation of each of the first motor, second motor and third motor, and to control the flow of current flowing through the tools to the workpiece.
Side-by-side analysis of five clinically tested anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibodies (2010)

A moderate binding affinity and recognition of a distinct domain of EpCAM may best explain why adecatumumab showed a larger therapeutic window in cancer patients than the two high-affinity IgG1 antibodies ING-1 and 3622W94, both of which caused acute pancreatitis.
Experimental study on the suppressive effect of B3GNT3 on the apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells and its application in early screening for lung adenocarcinoma (2023)

High expression of the secreted protein B3GNT3 in lung adenocarcinoma is closely related to prognosis and can serve as a potential biological marker for the early screening of lung adenocarcinoma.
Jörg Langowski 1955–2017 (2017)

On May 6, 2017 Jorg Langowski, an experienced pilot, died tragically in a crash of his glider in Mannheim, Germany. Jorg was a leader in the application of fluorescence-based methods to the study o...
Marine Vessel and Power Plant System Simulator (2015)

Modern marine electric propulsion vessels have many systems. These interactions and integration aspects are essential when studying a system and subsystem behavior. This is especially important when considering fault scenarios,s harsh weather, and complex marine operations. However, many simulators, including a selection presented here, study the positioning system and the power system separately. This paper proposes a simulator combining the two systems, as an extension to the marine systems simulator MATLAB/Simulink library. The intended use cases and the according design choices are presented. New subsystem models include a power-based electrical bus model and a simplified diesel engine model. Both are validated through the simulation against established models. In addition, established models for generators, electrical storage devices, thrusters, and a mean-value diesel engine model are summarized with rich references. Three case studies illustrate the multi-domain use of the simulator: 1) a semi-submersible drilling rig performing station keeping under environmental disturbances; 2) the same vessel subject to an electrical bus reconfiguration; and 3) a supply vessel with a hybrid power plant.
Large-Scale Monitoring of the Frequency of Ryanodine Receptor Target-Site Mutations Conferring Diamide Resistance in Brazilian Field Populations of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2022)

Fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, is an important lepidopteran pest in the Americas, and recently invaded the Eastern Hemisphere. In Brazil, FAW is considered the most destructive pest of corn and cotton. FAW has evolved resistance to many insecticides and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) proteins. Here, a large-scale monitoring was performed between 2019 and 2021 to assess diamide insecticide susceptibility in more than 65 FAW populations sampled in corn and cotton. We did not detect a significant shift in FAW susceptibility to flubendiamide, but a few populations were less affected by a discriminating rate. F2 screen results of 31 selected FAW populations across regions confirmed that the frequency of diamide resistance alleles remained rather stable. Two laboratory-selected strains exhibited high resistance ratios against flubendiamide, and cross-resistance to anthranilic diamides. Reciprocal crosses indicated that resistance is autosomal and (incompletely) recessive in both strains. F1 backcrosses suggested monogenic resistance, supported by the identification of an I4734M/K target-site mutation in the ryanodine receptor (RyR). Subsequent genotyping of field-collected samples employing a TaqMan-based allelic discrimination assay, revealed a low frequency of RyR I4790M/K mutations significantly correlated with phenotypic diamide resistance. Our findings will help to sustainably employ diamides in FAW resistance management strategies across crops.
Generating functional protein variants with variational autoencoders (2021)

The vast expansion of protein sequence databases provides an opportunity for new protein design approaches which seek to learn the sequence-function relationship directly from natural sequence variation. Deep generative models trained on protein sequence data have been shown to learn biologically meaningful representations helpful for a variety of downstream tasks, but their potential for direct use in the design of novel proteins remains largely unexplored. Here we show that variational autoencoders trained on a dataset of almost 70000 luciferase-like oxidoreductases can be used to generate novel, functional variants of the luxA bacterial luciferase. We propose separate VAE models to work with aligned sequence input (MSA VAE) and raw sequence input (AR-VAE), and offer evidence that while both are able to reproduce patterns of amino acid usage characteristic of the family, the MSA VAE is better able to capture long-distance dependencies reflecting the influence of 3D structure. To confirm the practical utility of the models, we used them to generate variants of luxA whose luminescence activity was validated experimentally. We further showed that conditional variants of both models could be used to increase the solubility of luxA without disrupting function. Altogether 6/12 of the variants generated using the unconditional AR-VAE and 9/11 generated using the unconditional MSA VAE retained measurable luminescence, together with all 23 of the less distant variants generated by conditional versions of the models; the most distant functional variant contained 35 differences relative to the nearest training set sequence. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using deep generative models to explore the space of possible protein sequences and generate useful variants, providing a method complementary to rational design and directed evolution approaches.
Kinetically Relevant Steps and H<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>2</sub>Isotope Effects in Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis on Fe and Co Catalysts (2010)

H2/D2 isotope effects on Fischer−Tropsch synthesis (FTS) rate and selectivity are examined here by combining measured values on Fe and Co at conditions leading to high C5+ yields with theoretical estimates on model Fe(110) and Co(0001) surfaces with high coverages of chemisorbed CO (CO*). Inverse isotope effects (rH/rD < 1) are observed on Co and Fe catalysts as a result of compensating thermodynamic (H2 dissociation to H*; H* addition to CO* species to form HCO*) and kinetic (H* reaction with HCO*) isotope effects. These isotopic effects and their rigorous mechanistic interpretation confirm the prevalence of H-assisted CO dissociation routes on both Fe and Co catalysts, instead of unassisted pathways that would lead to similar rates with H2 and D2 reactants. The small contributions from unassisted pathways to CO conversion rates on Fe are indeed independent of the dihydrogen isotope, as is also the case for the rates of primary reactions that form CO2 as the sole oxygen rejection route in unassisted CO dissociation paths. Isotopic effects on the selectivity to C5+ and CH4 products are small, and D2 leads to a more paraffinic product than does H2, apparently because it leads to preference for chain termination via hydrogen addition over abstraction. These results are consistent with FTS pathways limited by H-assisted CO dissociation on both Fe and Co and illustrate the importance of thermodynamic contributions to inverse isotope effects for reactions involving quasi-equilibrated H2 dissociation and the subsequent addition of H* in hydrogenation catalysis, as illustrated here by theory and experiment for the specific case of CO hydrogenation.
Impact of contact overlap on transconductance and noise in organic electrochemical transistors (2019)

Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are used as amplifying transducers for bioelectronics. Although the impact on performance of device geometry parameters such as channel area and thickness has been widely explored, the overlap between the semiconductor film and the source and drain contacts has not been considered. Here we vary this overlap and explore its impact on transconductance and noise. We show that increasing contact overlap does not alter the magnitude of the steady-state transconductance but it does decreases the cut-off frequency. Noise was found to be independent of contact overlap and to vary according to the charge noise model. The results show that high-quality contacts can be established in PEDOT:PSS OECTs with minimal overlap.