gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Minimization and Delay Analysis in TDMA-based Sensor Networks (2005)

We consider sensor networks where energy is a limited resource so that energy consumption must be minimized while satisfying given throughput requirements. Moreover, energy consumption must take into account both the transmission energy and the circuit processing energy for short-range communications. In this context, we analyze energy-efficient joint routing, scheduling, and link adaptation strategies that maximize the network lifetime. We emphasize that the energy efficiency must be supported across all layers of the protocol stack through a cross-layer design. We start with the joint MAC and link layer optimization, and then extend the model to include routing optimization. The joint optimization minimizes the total energy consumption including both the transmission energy and the circuit processing energy across the network. We propose variable-length TDMA schemes where the slot length is optimally assigned according to the routing requirement while minimizing the energy consumption across the network. We show that the optimization problems can be transformed into or approximated by convex problems that can be efficiently solved using known techniques. The results show that multihop routing schemes are usually more energy-efficient when only transmission energy is considered, but single-hop transmission may be more efficient when the circuit processing energy is also taken into account. The delay performance of the optimal TDMA scheme is analyzed and an algorithm for minimum-delay scheduling is proposed. The delay analysis result can be applied to general networks based on TDMA transmissions.
Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults (2022)

Targeting mitophagy to activate the recycling of faulty mitochondria during aging is a strategy to mitigate muscle decline. We present results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in middle-aged adults where we administer a postbiotic compound Urolithin A (Mitopure), a known mitophagy activator, at two doses for 4 months (NCT03464500). The data show significant improvements in muscle strength (∼12%) with intake of Urolithin A. We observe clinically meaningful improvements with Urolithin A on aerobic endurance (peak oxygen oxygen consumption [VO<sub>2</sub>]) and physical performance (6 min walk test) but do not notice a significant improvement on peak power output (primary endpoint). Levels of plasma acylcarnitines and C-reactive proteins are significantly lower with Urolithin A, indicating higher mitochondrial efficiency and reduced inflammation. We also examine expression of proteins linked to mitophagy and mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle and find a significant increase with Urolithin A administration. This study highlights the benefit of Urolithin A to improve muscle performance.
Detection of early-stage glaucoma with a depth-resolved optical attenuation coefficient (2022)

Detecting early-stage glaucoma remains a challenge in current clinical practice. In this study we assessed the ability of the optical attenuation coefficient (AC) of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) to detect early-stage glaucoma, evaluated the effectiveness of the AC against the conventional RNFL thickness measurement, and introduced new depth-dependent diagnostic parameters. Our results showed statistically significant differences between ACs extracted from the RNFL of healthy eyes and early-stage glaucoma eyes, including glaucoma suspects and mild open-angle glaucoma. We also showed that depth-dependent AC analysis is an even more sensitive measure to monitor and detect early signs of glaucoma.
A Combined Model To Predict the Functionality of the Bacteriocin-Producing <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i> Strain CTC 494 (2003)

The use of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria for improved food fermentation processes seems promising. However, lack of fundamental knowledge about the functionality of bacteriocin-producing strains under food fermentation conditions hampers their industrial use. Predictive microbiology or a mathematical estimation of microbial behavior in food ecosystems may help to overcome this problem. In this study, a combined model was developed that was able to estimate, from a given initial situation of temperature, pH, and nutrient availability, the growth and self-inhibition dynamics of a bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus sakei CTC 494 culture in (modified) MRS broth. Moreover, the drop in pH induced by lactic acid production and the bacteriocin activity toward Listeria as an indicator organism were modeled. Self-inhibition was due to the depletion of nutrients as well as to the production of lactic acid. Lactic acid production resulted in a pH drop, an accumulation of toxic undissociated lactic acid molecules, and a shift in the dissociation degree of the growth-inhibiting buffer components. The model was validated experimentally.
Screening Antioxidants Using LC-MS: Case Study with Cocoa (2009)

Oxidative stress enhances pathological processes contributing to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases, and dietary antioxidants may counteract these deleterious processes. Because rapid methods to evaluate and compare food products for antioxidant benefits are needed, a new assay based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed for the identification and quantitative analysis of antioxidants in complex natural product samples such as food extracts. This assay is based on the comparison of electrospray LC-MS profiles of sample extracts before and after treatment with reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide or 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Using this assay, methanolic extracts of cocoa powder were analyzed, and procyanidins were found to be the most potent antioxidant species. These species were identified using LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, accurate mass measurement, and comparison with reference standards. Furthermore, LC-MS was used to determine the levels of these species in cocoa samples. Catechin and epicatechin were the most abundant antioxidants followed by their dimers and trimers. The most potent antioxidants in cocoa were trimers and dimers of catechin and epicatechin, such as procyanidin B2, followed by catechin and epicatechin. This new LC-MS assay facilitates the rapid identification and then the determination of the relative antioxidant activities of individual antioxidant species in complex natural product samples and food products such as cocoa.
An evaluation of the neutrophil as a mediator of in vivo renal ischemic-reperfusion injury. (1989)

Previous studies indicated that administration of a monoclonal antibody (MoAb 60.3), which blocks neutrophil adherence to rabbit endothelial cells, prevents ischemic-reperfusion (I-R) injury in multiple extrarenal organs. These findings indicated that the neutrophil can be a critical mediator of I-R tissue damage. To assess whether the neutrophil affects renal I-R injury, MoAb 60.3 was given to rabbits that were then subjected to either 50 minutes or 38 minutes of renal ischemia induced by renal artery occlusion (RAO). The severity of kidney damage was assessed 24 and 48 hours later by blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine concentrations and by renal histology. The results were compared with those obtained in time-matched RAO controls. MoAb 60.3 conferred no functional or morphologic protection against either severe or mild ischemic insults. To further evaluate whether neutrophils affect renal I-R injury, rats were depleted of neutrophils (less than 200 cells/mm3) by anti-neutrophil serum administration and then they were subjected to either 37 minutes or 29 minutes of RAO. Neutrophil depletion conferred neither functional nor morphologic protection when compared with time-matched RAO controls. It was concluded that the uniform lack of protection noted in these experiments, despite that two different animals, two different ways of interfering with neutrophil function, and differing severities of ischemic injury were studied, strongly suggests that the neutrophil is not a critical participant in the renal I-R injury process.
Greening and safety assurance of future modular road vehicles (2014)

Recent megatrends can be distinguished which have a strong impact on logistic and transport concepts. Such megatrends are typically related to climate change, growing transport demand, urbanisation and scarcity of resources. The resulting logistic and transport concepts are intermodal transport, European Modular System (EMS) and hub & spoke systems (HS 2. Meeting the (future) needs of logistic companies in terms of flexibility, efficiency and TCO (total cost of ownership); 3. Based on existing modules to facilitate intermodality (rail-road-water-air); 4. Possible usage across Europe for cross-border long-distance road transport; 5. Compatibility with the existing infrastructure; 6. Designed/evaluated by using performance-based standards.
&lt;title&gt;New Solutions To The Depth Of Field Problem In Flight Simulation Image Pick-Up Devices&lt;/title&gt; (1975)

In flight simulation visual systems in which an image is picked up by a CCTV camera probe from a model terrain, there is a well known problem in focusing on the model surface across the whole imaged area, particularly as the probe entrance pupil approaches close to the model. The problem will increase as we try both to improve the resolution of the CCTV camera and probe and to reduce the scale of the terrain model, so that conventional techniques of moving and tilting lenses within the probe optics will not be sufficiently powerful for some desirable probe systems. There is a closely-related problem in correction of optical aberrations of probe systems for a wide range of object conjugate distances. The problems are assessed in relation both to normal TV systems and to laser TV systems. A novel form of tilt-lens system is described.*
Development of a bioartificial pancreas: I. Long-term propagation and basal and induced secretion from entrapped ?TC3 cell cultures (1999)

Bioartificial pancreatic constructs based on immunoisolated, insulin-secreting cells have the potential for providing effective, long-term treatment of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Use of insulinoma cells, which can be amplified in culture, relaxes the tissue availability limitation that exists with normal pancreatic islet transplantations. We have adopted mouse insulinoma betaTC3 cells entrapped in calcium alginate/poly-L-lysine/alginate (APA) beads as our model system for a bioartificial pancreas, and we have characterized the effects of long-term propagation and of glucose concentration step changes on the bioenergetic status and on the metabolic and secretory activities of the entrapped cells. Cell bioenergetics were evaluated nonivasively by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) spectroscopy, and metabolic and secretory parameters by assaying cell culture medium. Data indicate that net cell growth occurred between days 3 and 10 of the experiment, resulting in an approximate doubling of the overall metabolic and secretory rates and of the intracellular metabolite levels. Concurrently, a reorganization of cell distribution within the beads was observed. Following this growth period, the measured metabolic and secretory parameters remained constant with time. During glucose step changes in the perfusion medium from a high concentration of 12 to 15 mM to 0 mM for 4.5 h to the same high glucose concentration, the oxygen consumption rate was not affected, whereas insulin secretion was always glucose-responsive. Intracellular nucleotide triphosphates did not change during 0 mM glucose episodes performed early in culture history, but they declined by 20% during episodes performed later in the experiment. It is concluded that the system of APA-entrapped betaTC3 cells exhibits several of the desirable characteristics of a bioartificial pancreas device, and that a correlation between ATP and the rate of insulin secretion from betaTC3 cells exists for only a domain of culture conditions. These findings have significant implications in tissue engineering a long-term functional bioartificial endocrine pancreas, in developing noninvasive methods for assessing construct function postimplantation, and in the biochemical processes associated with insulin secretion.
Influence of Immersion Lithography on Wafer Edge Defectivity (2010)

In semiconductor manufacturing, the control of defects at the edge of the wafer is a key factor to keep the number of yielding die as high as possible per wafer. Using dry lithography, this control is typically done by an edge bead removal (EBR) process, which is understood well. The recent production introduction of immersion lithography however changes this situation significantly. During immersion exposure, the wafer edge is locally in contact with water from the immersion hood, and particles can then be transported back and forth from the wafer edge area to the scanner wafer stage. Material in the EBR region can also potentially be damaged by the dynamic force of the immersion hood movement. In this chapter, we have investigated the impact of immersion lithography on wafer edge defectivity. In the past, such work has been limited to the inspection of the flat top part of the wafer edge, due to the inspection challenges at the curved wafer edge and lack of a comprehensive defect inspection solution. The development of edge inspection & metrology tools now allows us to probe this area of the wafer. This study used KLA-Tencor's VisEdge CV300-R, an automated edge inspection system that provides full wafer edge inspection (top, side, and bottom) using laser-illumination and multi-sensor detection, and where defects can be classified with Automated Defect Classification (ADC) software. In addition to defectivity capture, the tool performs simultaneous, multi-layer, film edge and EBR metrology, indicating the distance from the wafer edge or wafer top depending on the location of the film/EBR edge. It also can review defects using an integrated, hi-resolution microscope. In this paper the impact from immersion lithography towards wafer edge defectivity is investigated. The work revealed several key factors related to wafer edge related defectivity control: choice of resist, optimization of EBR recipes, scanner and immersion-fluid contamination, wafer handling and device processing procedures. Understanding the mechanisms of wafer edge related immersion defects is believed to be critical to the successful integration of the immersion process into semiconductor manufacturing.
The effects of grain boundary phosphorus segregation and heat treatment on toughness of 9% Ni steel and its welded joint. (1990)

Effects of phosphorus (P) and heat treatment on toughness have been investigated on a quenchedand tempered 9 '/ Ni steel base metal and its welded joint simulated by a thermal cycle simulator. The mechanismof toughness improvement by the diminution of Pcomponentwas examinedby mechanical tests, microstructure observation and computer simulation of the grain boundary segregation. The critical CTOD value and Charpy absorbed energy in the base meta[ showedremarkable deterioration as increasing P content, whenthe cooling rate after tempering was lower than I x 10-2 K/s. Simulated bondsshowedreduction of toughness whenthe P Ievel was higher than 0.008 / and/orthe cooling rate after post weld heat treatment (PWHT) was lower than I x 10-2 K/s. TheCharpy absorbed energy of base metal was higher than that of PWHT welded joint whenthey showedthe same critical CTODvalue. Intergranular ductile fracture was occurred in the base metal, while intergranular brittle fracture in PWHT welded joint was observed.
Correction to ‘Ultrananocrystalline diamond-coated nanoporous membranes support SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cell attachment’ (2019)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0063.].
Morganella Morganii Sepsis with Massive Hemolysis (2007)

Morganella morganii is a facultative gram-negative and anaerobic rod. It may be a cause of devastating infections in neonates and immunocompromised hosts. Some bacterial infections such as Clostridium and Vibrio are associated with hemolysis. However, massive hemolysis caused by M. morganii sepsis has not yet been reported. We observed a 59-yr-old man who had chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and was found to have massive hemolysis and metabolic acidosis due to sepsis. He died 6 hr after admission in spite of aggressive treatment. Two sets of blood cultures revealed the growth of M. morganii. We report here that M. morganii sepsis can cause fatal massive hemolysis leading to death.
Concordance Between Local and Central Laboratory HER2 Testing in the Breast Intergroup Trial N9831 (2002)

The efficacy of trastuzumab for metastases coupled with the relatively poor prognosis of patients with node-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer has led to the evaluation of trastuzumab as an adjuvant therapy. A prospective, randomized, three-arm, phase III trial is being conducted by the Breast Intergroup (N9831) for women with primary, operable, histologically confirmed, node-positive breast carcinoma that strongly overexpresses (3+) HER2 protein and/or displays HER2/neu gene amplification, as determined by local laboratory testing. The protocol requires confirmatory central testing of HER2 status using the HercepTest immunohistochemistry and the Vysis PathVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. Tumor specimens from the first 119 patients enrolled in N9831 were centrally tested; 74% were found to be HercepTest 3+ and 66% were found to have HER2 gene amplification. Only six of nine (67%) of the specimens submitted by local laboratories as FISH positive could be confirmed by central assays. The concordance for central HercepTest and central FISH assays was 92%. The poor concordance (74%) between local and central testing for HER2 status has led to modifications in the eligibility criteria for N9831.
Geochemical investigations at Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano, Western Baltic Sea (2004)

Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV) functions as a spot emitter for methane in the sub-arctic ocean. Fluidised mud associated with large amounts of methane is expelled at the volcano?s centre (eye) ascending from its deep interior. At its surface HMMV is characterised by three key types of sedimentary environments, more or less concentrically arrayed around the eye.Large populations of small tube worms (pogonophora) are distributed along the volcano?s outer rim whereas the sediment next to the eye is covered by mats of sulfur bacteria. The later depend on the H2S released as a product of sulfate reduction by methane oxidizing microbial communities. The central area of HMMV consists of a fine grained grayish sediment uncovered by bacteria. In combination with bottom water data, our pore water investigations suggest the bacteria-covered sediments to be very efficient biofilters, prohibiting diffusive methane discharge into the bottom water. Thus, beside channelised methane release, the volcano?s eye is recognized to be the ultimate zone of methane emission.Partly ROV-guided in situ experiments and sampling were performed during 3 expeditions with R/V ?L?Atalante?/ROV "VICTOR 6000" in 2001, R/V ?Polarstern? (ARK XVIII/1b) in 2002, and R/V ?Polarstern?/ ROV "VICTOR 6000" (ARK XIX/3b) in 2003, respectively.A special bottom water sampler was deployed for bottom water sampling and bottom currents have been measured by ROV-operated current meters.
Function of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma-chain in biologic responses of X-linked severe combined immunodeficient B cells to IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-15 (1995)

The interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma-chain is a common component of several members of the cytokine receptor superfamily including those for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and possibly IL-13, and has recently been renamed the common gamma-chain (gamma c-chain). Transfection experiments have shown that the gamma c-chain participates in signal transduction by IL-2, IL-4 and IL-7, but a functional role for the gamma c-chain in biological responses by normal T cells and B cells to these cytokines has not been established. In this study, we have used X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) as a naturally occurring gamma c-chain gene disruption model to examine the role of the gamma c-chain in human B-cell responses to IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-15. Our experiments show that B cells from two X-SCID patients with characterized gamma c-chain gene mutations do not respond to IL-2 or IL-15, but respond as well or better than normal B cells to both IL-4 and IL-13 in assays for B-cell activation, proliferation, and IgE secretion. This finding raises important questions about the function of the gamma c-chain in receptors for IL-4 and IL-13, and the nature of the immune defect in X-SCID.
Bovine Somatotropin and Rumen-Undegradable Protein Effects on Skeletal Growth in Prepubertal Dairy Heifers (2004)

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of dietary rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and bovine somatotropin (bST) during the period from weaning until puberty on body weight (BW) and skeletal growth rates and age at puberty. Fifty-one Holstein heifers at 90 d of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups consisting of 0.1 mg/kg BW per day of bST and 2% added dietary RUP (dry matter basis) applied in a 2 x 2 factorial design (n = 13 per group, except bST with no RUP group, n = 12). From 90 to 314 d, bST increased average daily gain (ADG) by 0.07 kg/d and BW by 16.2 kg, while added RUP increased ADG by 0.10 kg/d and BW by 21.4 kg. Both bST and added RUP effects on BW and ADG were additive. Skeletal growth rates, as measured by withers height (WH) and hip height (HH) were increased by both bST and added RUP. Somatotropin and RUP increased WH by 1.8 and 2.7 cm and hip height by 2.5 and 4.0 cm, respectively, at 314 d of age. Growth curves showed that added RUP effects on rates of BW, WH, and HH growth were greatest from 90 to 150 d age and diminished thereafter, suggesting that protein was limiting during this time period. Conversely, bST effects tended to be greater as the heifers approached puberty, but only in the presence of added RUP. Age at puberty was not affected by treatment, averaging 314 d of age across treatments. From 314 to 644 d of age, rates of BW, WH, and HH growth were similar among treatment groups. However, treatment differences present at 314 d of age persisted through 644 d of age, more than 10 mo after treatments ceased. These results suggest that protein during the early postweaning period and bST during the 200 to 300 d of age period just prior to puberty could be used to accelerate simultaneous increases in both BW and skeletal growth rates in dairy heifers without reducing age at puberty.
A Very-High-Velocity Acoustic Wave on a LiNbO$_3$/Sapphire Substrate for Use in Sub-6-GHz Devices (2020)

This letter presents a numerical investigation of acoustic modes propagating in an LiNbO$_3$/sapphire substrate under a periodic Al grating, demonstrating the occurrence of longitudinal leaky SAWs (LLSAWs) with a unique combination of very high velocities exceeding 10 000 m/s, an electromechanical coupling coefficients of 4.5%, and negligible leakage into the substrate. The leakage was suppressed by optimizing the LiNbO$_3$ (LN) plate and Al electrode thickness. Compared with conventional SAW substrates, the LN/sapphire substrate offers 2- to 2.5-fold higher frequencies for periodic electrode structures and enables the production of 6-GHz devices by standard photolithographic processes. Moreover, the required LN plate and Al electrode thicknesses remain compatible with existing wafer bonding technologies. An analysis of LLSAW dispersion in a resonator reveals that the wave behaves as a perfect Rayleigh SAW unperturbed by interactions with spurious modes. The found optimal LN/sapphire substrates are perfect candidates for high-performance SAW devices operating in the sub-6-GHz spectrum.