gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PD-L1/B7-H1 Inhibits Viral Clearance by Macrophages in HSV-1–Infected Corneas (2018)

Immune privilege helps protect the cornea from damaging inflammation but can also impair pathogen clearance from this mucosal surface. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1 or B7-H1) contributes to corneal immune privilege by inhibiting the function of a variety of immune cells. We asked whether programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 interaction regulates HSV-1 clearance from infected corneas. We show that PD-L1 is constitutively expressed in the corneal epithelium and is upregulated upon HSV-1 corneal infection, with peak expression on CD45<sup>+</sup> cells NK cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages and CD45<sup>-</sup> corneal epithelial cells at 4 d postinfection (dpi). As early as 1 dpi, HSV-1-infected corneas of B7-H1<sup>-/-</sup> mice as compared with wild-type mice showed increased chemokine expression and this correlated with increased migration of inflammatory cells into the viral lesions and decreased HSV-1 corneal titers. Local PD-L1 blockade caused a similar increase in viral clearance, suggesting a local effect of PD-1/PD-L1 in the cornea. The enhanced HSV-1 clearance at 2 dpi resulting from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is mediated primarily by a monocyte/macrophage population. Studies in bone marrow chimeras demonstrated enhanced viral clearance when PD-L1 was absent only from nonhematopoietic cells. We conclude that PD-L1 expression on corneal cells negatively impacts the ability of the innate immune system to clear HSV-1 from infected corneas.
High‐frequency scattering by a thin material half plane and strip (1988)

Diffraction coefficients are derived for a thin dielectric half plane and strip having arbitrary permittivity and permeability. This is accomplished by modeling the thin material layer by a pair of modified resistive and conductive sheets. By means of this model the dielectric half plane is first treated via the dual integral equation approach. By employing the half plane solution, up to third‐order multiply diffracted fields are then derived for the case of a strip. These are obtained via the extended spectral ray method and include the surface wave diffraction effects in a uniform manner. Numerical results are also presented which validate the accuracy of the model and that of the derived diffraction coefficients.
Proxemics for Human-Agent Interaction in Augmented Reality (2022)

Augmented Reality (AR) embeds virtual content in physical spaces, including virtual agents that are known to exert a social presence on users. Existing design guidelines for AR rarely consider the social implications of an agent’s personal space (PS) and that it can impact user behavior and arousal. We report an experiment (N=54) where participants interacted with agents in an AR art gallery scenario. When participants approached six virtual agents (i.e., two males, two females, a humanoid robot, and a pillar) to ask for directions, we found that participants respected the agents’ PS and modulated interpersonal distances according to the human-like agents’ perceived gender. When participants were instructed to walk through the agents, we observed heightened skin-conductance levels that indicate physiological arousal. These results are discussed in terms of proxemic theory that result in design recommendations for implementing pervasive AR experiences with virtual agents.
Enhanced Surface Interactions Enable Fast Li<sup>+</sup> Conduction in Oxide/Polymer Composite Electrolyte (2020)

Li<sup>+</sup> -conducting oxides are considered better ceramic fillers than Li<sup>+</sup> -insulating oxides for improving Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity in composite polymer electrolytes owing to their ability to conduct Li<sup>+</sup> through the ceramic oxide as well as across the oxide/polymer interface. Here we use two Li<sup>+</sup> -insulating oxides (fluorite Gd<sub>0.1</sub> Ce<sub>0.9</sub> O<sub>1.95</sub> and perovskite La<sub>0.8</sub> Sr<sub>0.2</sub> Ga<sub>0.8</sub> Mg<sub>0.2</sub> O<sub>2.55</sub> ) with a high concentration of oxygen vacancies to demonstrate two oxide/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based polymer composite electrolytes, each with a Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity above 10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> at 30 °C. Li solid-state NMR results show an increase in Li<sup>+</sup> ions (>10 %) occupying the more mobile A2 environment in the composite electrolytes. This increase in A2-site occupancy originates from the strong interaction between the O<sup>2-</sup> of Li-salt anion and the surface oxygen vacancies of each oxide and contributes to the more facile Li<sup>+</sup> transport. All-solid-state Li-metal cells with these composite electrolytes demonstrate a small interfacial resistance with good cycling performance at 35 °C.
High-gain, high-efficiency stimulated Raman amplification with beam clean-up (1989)

Stokes amplification has been demonstrated in a single-stage Raman amplifier using collinear geometry with near-diffraction-limited seeds at very high efficiency and relatively high fluence, producing near-diffraction-limited Stokes beams from highly aberrated pump sources. Single-stage amplification of over 20 000 was achieved with converted fluences up to 1.5 J/cm2. We find excellent agreement between the experiment and our full Raman code for all the measured parameters. In addition, detailed calculations and measurements of the near-field-fluence distribution on the output Stokes beam agree reasonably well.
Slide Tracheoplasty for Long-Segment Tracheal Stenosis (1998)

Slide tracheoplasty achieves successful tracheal reconstruction using the patient's own tracheal tissues. Advantages of this method include the potential avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass, immediate or early postoperative extubation, and the near-complete absence of granulation tissue formation. The latter obviates the need for multiple postoperative bronchoscopic examinations, as has been reported in tracheoplasty procedures using either costal cartilage or pericardium.
The editor wishes to express his gratitude to the following people for their willingness to act as manuscript reviewer for the journal between June 2004 and September 2005. They have made an indispensable contribution to the journal (2005)

Ribonuclease from pancreas releases nucleotide from Escherichiacoli ribosomes while not altering significantly the base composition of the total ribosomal RNA. Ribonuclease hydrolyzes ribsomal RNA without destroying the structure of 70S or 30S and 50S ribosomes. The RNA in 30S and 50S ribosomes appears more sensitive to the action of ribonuclease. The data suggest that RNA may be a surface component of the ribosome.
Masas de mama: Comparación entre estudio histológico y citológico (1988)

En sesenta pacientes con masas sólidas de mamas detectadas por palpación y programadas para biopsia excisional, se realizó previa a esta, un aspirado con aguja fina para estudio citológico y posterior comparación con informe histológico con el fin de determinar Ia sensibilidad y especificidad de Ia citología. Se diagnosticaron doce casos de cáncer de los cuales Ia citología detectó nueve, dando una sensibilidad de 75%, la especificidad fue de 100%. El procedimiento es libre de complicaciones, no tiene contraindicaciones, técnicamente fácil y muy bajo costo.
Testing the Universality of Free Fall using correlated $^{39}$K -- $^{87}$Rb interferometers (2021)

We demonstrate how simultaneously-operated $^{39}$K -- $^{87}$Rb interferometers exhibiting a high level of correlation can be used to make competitive tests of the university of free fall. This work provides an overview of our experimental apparatus and data analysis procedure, including a detailed study of systematic effects. With a total interrogation time of $2T = 40$ ms in a compact apparatus, we reach a statistical uncertainty on the measurement of the Eötvös parameter of $7.8 \times 10^{-8}$ after $2.4 \times 10^4$ s of integration. The main limitations to our measurement arise from a combination of wavefront aberrations, the quadratic Zeeman effect in $^{39}$K, parasitic interferometers in $^{87}$Rb, and the velocity sensitivity of our detection system. These systematic errors limit the accuracy of our measurement to $η= 0.9(1.6) \times 10^{-6}$. We discuss prospects for improvements using ultracold atoms at extended interrogation times.
Can predicting COVID-19 mortality in a European cohort using only demographic and comorbidity data surpass age-based prediction: An externally validated study (2021)

When applied to an external validation set, we found that an age-only mortality model outperformed all modeling attempts (curated on www.covid19risk.ai) using three feature selection methods on 22 demographic and comorbid features.
Protein kinase C-ζ inhibition exerts cardioprotective effects in ischemia-reperfusion injury (2005)

Ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) in the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) results in marked cardiac contractile dysfunction. A cell-permeable PKC-zeta peptide inhibitor was used to test the hypothesis that PKC-zeta inhibition could attenuate PMN-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction by suppression of superoxide production from PMNs and increase nitric oxide (NO) release from vascular endothelium. The effects of the PKC-zeta peptide inhibitor were examined in isolated ischemic (20 min) and reperfused (45 min) rat hearts reperfused with PMNs. The PKC-zeta inhibitor (2.5 or 5 microM, n = 6) significantly attenuated PMN-induced cardiac dysfunction compared with I/R hearts (n = 6) receiving PMNs alone in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the maximal rate of LVDP (+dP/dt(max)) cardiac function indexes (P < 0.01), and these cardioprotective effects were blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (50 microM). Furthermore, the PKC-zeta inhibitor significantly increased endothelial NO release 47 +/- 2% (2.5 microM, P < 0.05) and 54 +/- 5% (5 microM, P < 0.01) over basal values from the rat aorta and significantly inhibited superoxide release from phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated rat PMNs by 33 +/- 12% (2.5 microM) and 40 +/- 8% (5 microM) (P < 0.01). The PKC-zeta inhibitor significantly attenuated PMN infiltration into the myocardium by 46-48 +/- 4% (P < 0.01) at 2.5 and 5 microM, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that the PKC-zeta peptide inhibitor attenuates PMN-induced post-I/R cardiac contractile dysfunction by increasing endothelial NO release and by inhibiting superoxide release from PMNs thereby attenuating PMN infiltration into I/R myocardium.
Polyolefin Materials Having a Glass Transition Temprature by Controlling the Molecular Strauctures (2022)

In this article, we have described the characteristics of α-olefin copolymers that have a glass transition temperature at room temperature. We have described about physical properties and characteristics of polyolefins whose molecular structure has been optimized at the nanometer level using bulky monomers. Due to recent changes in social condition, the characteristics required for polymer materials have been changed. For example, vibration control, improvement of comfort, suppression of tightening feeling and fit, etc. Therefore, for improving the functionality of conventional polymer materials, we designed a material with a high tan δ peak near room temperature. When the characteristics of this material were evaluated, the characteristics such as vibration damping property, stress relaxation property, and dependence on deformation rate in the low frequency region corresponding to the tanδ peak temperature were found. In addition, the high tan δ peak value showed the possibility of exhibiting the same effect even when blended with various polymers.
Session details: Session 6: Power Grid Design (invited) (2003)

No abstract available.
Best Practices: Complying With the Stage 2 D/DBP Rule (2012)

Based on a series of AWWA webcasts, this article is the third of three on important distribution system issues. This article provides operations and maintenance options for complying with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule. The first article (Opflow, July 2012) focused on storage tank operations and maintenance, and the second article (Opflow, August 2012) focused on best practices for cleaning water mains.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Differential Regulation of Hypoxia-Induced CXCR4 Triggering during B-Cell Development and Lymphomagenesis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Differential Regulation of Hypoxia-Induced CXCR4 Triggering during B-Cell Development and Lymphomagenesis
Degradation Study of Radiation Grafted Membranes under Low Humidity Conditions in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2013)

The effect of relative humidity (RH) on membrane degradation in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell was investigated for membranes prepared by radiation grafting of styrene into ETFE base film, followed by sulfonation. During the open circuit voltage (OCV) tests, online measurement of OCV and high frequency resistance (HFR) indicated that membrane degradation was slower and less significant towards lower RH. This in situ observation was confirmed by the quantification of the degree of degradation using post-test membrane analysis by FTIR spectroscopy. The reduced membrane degradation at low RH showed a good agreement with the lower gas crossover under dry conditions.
Biological determinants of photobioreactor design. 6th Quarterly report, October 1994--December 1994 (1995)

A novel photobioreactor (PBR) system using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a sole light source was constructed and operated with continuous medium perfusion. Direct internal illumination by 680 nm LEDs could deliver as high as 50 mW/cm{sup 2} of light into the culture medium. Gas transfer by internal sparging had the capacity to transfer 250 mmol O{sub 2}/L culture/h. Nutritional limitations could be overcome by continuous perfusion, supplying the medium components to the culture without increasing osmolarity, while removing potentially inhibitory cellular wastes. When the PBR operated in a continuous perfusion mode with a perfusion rate of 6 reactor volumes a day (6 VVD), it could support ultra high-density algal cultures up to cell concentrations of 4{center_dot}10{sup 9} cells/mL and total cell volume fractions of 9.4% v/v (about 25 g dry weight/L). The oxygen production rate at its peak was 13 to 15 mmol/L culture/h. This performance represents the highest reported cell densities attained in photoautotrophic cultures. Continuous perfusion allowed for long-term stable oxygen production, while oxygen production in batch mode ceased when stationary phase was reached. The results presented suggest that PBR technology can still be significantly improved.
Power Packet Router With Power and Signal Switches for a Single Power Packet (2020)

This brief proposes a power packet router (router) and experimentally verifies its operation. A power packet is a unit of DC power and an information tag. When the tag is attached to the power directly, a power packet ensures their simultaneity during the transmission. The router sends and receives power packets in Time Division Multiplexing scheme. Since the beginning of our research project, the router has generated a power packet with a single switch. The switch ensures the simultaneity of power and information during transmission. On the other hand, the switch limits the capacities of power and information of a power packet. The proposed router ensures the simultaneity by its power packet generation method. It lets the switches operate in sync for power and information to generate a single power packet. The operation is experimentally verified. The results make it confirmed the possibility to combine the individually optimized subunits for packet generation.
Information aggregation in a beauty contest game (2014)

We consider a repeated game in which a team of agents share a common, but only partially known, task. The team also has the goal to coordinate while completing the task. This creates a trade-off between estimating the task and coordinating with others reminiscent of the kind of trade-off exemplified by the Keynesian beauty contest game. The agents thus can benefit from learning from others. This paper provides a survey of results from [1-4]. We first present a recent result that states repeated play of the game by myopic but Bayesian agents, who observe the actions of their neighbors over a connected network, eventually yield coordination on a single action. Furthermore, the coordinated action is equal to the mean estimate of the common task given individual's information. This indicates that agents in the network have the same mean estimate in the limit despite the differences in the quality of local information. Finally, we state that if the space of signals is a finite set, the coordinated action is equal to the estimate of the common task given full information, that is, agents eventually aggregate the information available throughout the network on the common task optimally.
Testing and improving the performance of protein thermostability predictors for the engineering of cellulases (2023)

Thermostability of cellulases can be increased through amino acid substitutions and by protein engineering with predictors of protein thermostability. We have carried out a systematic analysis of the performance of 18 predictors for the engineering of cellulases. The predictors were PoPMuSiC, HoTMuSiC, I-Mutant 2.0, I-Mutant Suite, PremPS, Hotspot, Maestroweb, DynaMut, ENCoM ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], mCSM, SDM, DUET, RosettaDesign, Cupsat (thermal and denaturant approaches), ConSurf, and Voronoia. The highest values of accuracy, F-measure, and MCC were obtained for DynaMut, SDM, RosettaDesign, and PremPS. A combination of the predictors provided an improvement in the performance. F-measure and MCC were improved by 14% and 28%, respectively. Accuracy and sensitivity were also improved by 9% and 20%, respectively, compared to the maximal values of single predictors. The reported values of the performance of the predictors and their combination may aid research in the engineering of thermostable cellulases as well as the further development of thermostability predictors.
Tailor-Made Hand Exoskeletons at the University of Florence: From Kinematics to Mechatronic Design (2019)

Recently, robotics has increasingly become a companion for the human being and assisting physically impaired people with robotic devices is showing encouraging signs regarding the application of this largely investigated technology to the clinical field. As of today, however, exoskeleton design can still be considered a hurdle task and, even in modern robotics, aiding those patients who have lost or injured their limbs is surely one of the most challenging goal. In this framework, the research activity carried out by the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Florence concentrated on the development of portable, wearable and highly customizable hand exoskeletons to aid patients suffering from hand disabilities, and on the definition of patient-centered design strategies to tailor-made devices specifically developed on the different users’ needs. Three hand exoskeletons versions will be presented in this paper proving the major taken steps in mechanical designing and controlling a compact and lightweight solution. The performance of the resulting systems has been tested in a real-use scenario. The obtained results have been satisfying, indicating that the derived solutions may constitute a valid alternative to existing hand exoskeletons so far studied in the rehabilitation and assistance fields.
Quasi-Molecular Fluorescence from Graphene Oxide (2011)

Aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide (GO) have been found to emit a structured, strongly pH-dependent visible fluorescence. Based on experimental results and model computations, this is proposed to arise from quasi-molecular fluorophores, similar to polycyclic aromatic compounds, formed by the electronic coupling of carboxylic acid groups with nearby carbon atoms of graphene. Sharp and structured emission and excitation features resembling the spectra of molecular fluorophores are present near 500 nm in basic conditions. The GO emission reversibly broadens and red-shifts to ca. 680 nm in acidic conditions, while the excitation spectra remain very similar in shape and position, consistent with excited state protonation of the emitting species in acidic media. The sharp and structured emission and excitation features suggest that the effective fluorophore size in the GO samples is remarkably well defined.
Crystal structures of Boc‐<scp>D</scp>‐ and <scp>L</scp>‐Iva‐<scp>L</scp>‐Pro‐OB<scp>Z</scp>l: Unturned conformation of Aib‐Pro sequence unaffected by replacement of Me with Et in Aib (1993)

The crystal structures of the isovaline (Iva) containing dipeptides, Boc-D-Iva-L-Pro-OBzl and Boc-L-Iva-L-Pro-OBzl, were determined by x-ray diffraction. The diastereomeric peptides were shown to adopt unturned conformations closely similar to each other (phi Iva 52 degrees, psi Iva 46 degrees, phi Pro -65 degrees, and psi Pro 143 degrees for D-Iva-L-Pro sequence and phi Iva 52 degrees, psi Iva 44 degrees, phi Pro -63 degrees, and psi Pro 148 degrees for L-Iva-L-Pro sequence). The Pro ring of each peptide was in C gamma-endo conformation. The unusually large angle CIva-NPro-C delta Pro values (131 degrees in both peptides) were observed, that was due to steric repulsion between the delta-methylene of Pro and the alkyl side chain of Iva residue. These conformations were essentially the same as that of the corresponding alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)-containing peptide Boc-Aib-L-Pro-OBzl. The result has demonstrated that replacement of either one of the two methyl groups of the Aib residue in Boc-Aib-L-Pro-OBzl with an ethyl group does not cause any significant change in the unturned conformation of the dipeptide.
Room With a View (2018)

he inaccessibility of the pulmonary vasculature to noninvasive assessment or routine tissue sampling has limited our ability to diagnose pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or assess histopathologic changes with or without therapy. A modality that can measure cellular events contributing to pulmonary vascular remodeling such as vascular cell proliferation, apoptosis, or inflammation could guide its diagnosis and treatment. 4] A noninvasive imaging modality that reflects underlying biological events could reveal important endophenotypes within the spectrum of PAH with distinct prognoses and responses to specific agents. In PAH, positron emission tomography (PET) of the chest using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 FDG) has been used experimentally to reveal enhanced metabolic activity of the right ventricle (RV) 6 and in the lungs, 7 reflecting the hypertrophic response to pressure overload as well as a shift to a glycolytic metabolism because of relative hypoxemia and metabolic adaption, akin to the Warburg effect seen in cancer biology. The RV 18 FDG PET signal has prognostic significance in PAH, 9,10 tracks therapeutic responses, Although 18 FDG PET detects metabolic adaptations and increased cellular metabolism that may correspond with hyperproliferative phenotypes, neither this nor other currently available imaging modalities can detect vascular remodeling in PAH specifically.