gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different risk factor patterns for high‐grade and low‐grade intraepithelial lesions on the cervix among HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative young women (1998)

Risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia have most often been studied in high-grade lesions. Furthermore, in a high proportion of the studies, human papillomavirus (HPV), the most significant risk determinant of cervical neoplasia, was not taken into account when evaluating other risk factors. To compare risk factors for ASCUS (atypical cells of undetermined significance), LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), we conducted a case-control study among 20 to 29 year-old women participating in a prospective cohort study in Copenhagen. It included 131 women with ASCUS, 120 women with LSIL, 79 women with HSIL and 1,000 randomly chosen, cytologically normal, control women. All participants had a personal interview and a gynecological examination including a Pap smear and cervical swabs for HPV DNA detection using general primer-mediated polymerase chain reaction. The most significant risk determinant of all 3 disease categories was the presence of genital HPV DNA. The risk factor pattern was nearly identical for ASCUS and LSIL, but differed significantly from that for HSIL. Stratified analysis by HPV-status showed that, apart from, respectively, smoking and parity among HPV-positive women, and smoking and number of sex partners among HPV-negative women, no additional risk factors were observed for ASCUS and LSIL. In contrast, among HPV-negative women with HSIL, long-term use of oral contraceptives was the most important risk factor. However, our result should be taken with great caution as it is based on very small numbers, and as it is unknown whether the HPV-negative lesions constitute a true entity. Among HPV-positive women, the risk of HSIL was associated with e.g., years of sex life without barrier contraceptive use, early age at first genital warts and smoking. Whether the risk factors that are applicable only to HSIL represent factors related to progression remains unknown. Int. J. Cancer 76:613–619, 1998.© 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optimal Output-Feedback Control of Unknown Continuous-Time Linear Systems Using Off-policy Reinforcement Learning (2016)

A model-free off-policy reinforcement learning algorithm is developed to learn the optimal output-feedback (OPFB) solution for linear continuous-time systems. The proposed algorithm has the important feature of being applicable to the design of optimal OPFB controllers for both regulation and tracking problems. To provide a unified framework for both optimal regulation and tracking, a discounted performance function is employed and a discounted algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) is derived which gives the solution to the problem. Conditions on the existence of a solution to the discounted ARE are provided and an upper bound for the discount factor is found to assure the stability of the optimal control solution. To develop an optimal OPFB controller, it is first shown that the system state can be constructed using some limited observations on the system output over a period of the history of the system. A Bellman equation is then developed to evaluate a control policy and find an improved policy simultaneously using only some limited observations on the system output. Then, using this Bellman equation, a model-free Off-policy RL-based OPFB controller is developed without requiring the knowledge of the system state or the system dynamics. It is shown that the proposed OPFB method is more powerful than the static OPFB as it is equivalent to a state-feedback control policy. The proposed method is successfully used to solve a regulation and a tracking problem.
Solving differential equations with reconfigurable Mach–Zehnder interferometer photonic networks (2020)

In this work we present and discuss the case of a reconfigurable, Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based photonic network, specially designed for implementing any arbitrary matrix operator. After a brief discussion on the available architectures we describe the main elements of the proposed architecture. Finally, using simulations we demonstrate a practical example where an 11 x MZI network is implement for the solution of differential equation.
Development and testing of electronic gas admission with cylinder pressure feedback for large bore engines (1994)

The Pipeline Research Committee (PRC) is an autonomous body within the American Gas Association (A.G.A.) organized in response to the need to sponsor and direct basic, developmental, and applied research aimed at optimizing all technical aspects of the natural gas transmissions industry and its related activities. Its major activity is the direction of a cooperative research program funded by means of a subscription raised from its individual member companies and carried out under the direct supervision of its member company engineering, and technical representatives. Program administration is the in responsibility of assigned staff members at A.G.A.
Coumarin – benzimidazole hybrids: A review on diverse synthetic strategies (2022)

Benzimidazole and coumarin are highly significant pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry due to their numerous and compelling biological activities. It has been found that combining two or more pharmacophores in a single moiety can improve the efficiency and oral bioavailability and reduce the side effects when compared with the individual pharmacophores. Therefore, the synthesis and biological applications of hybrid molecules have gained considerable attention globally over the past few decades. In view of this, several researchers synthesized various coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids and studied their biological activities. Coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids have broadly categorized as fused and spacer-linked hybrids. Each of them has been further classified as coumarin-C3 benzimidazole hybrids, coumarin-C4 benzimidazole hybrids and coumarin-C5 benzimidazole hybrids etc. The present review focuses on various synthetic strategies for all the types of coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids, along with their metal complexes, in detail. We believe that this review assists the scientific community worldwide in successfully designing and developing drug candidates.
Enhanced detection bandwidth for optical doppler frequency measurements using moving space charge field effects in GaAs multiple quantum wells (1997)

Moving space charge field (photo-emf) effects are observed in standard and low temperature grown GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) samples in which dc photocurrents are generated by constant speed moving optical interference patterns. Experiments reveal an enhanced detection bandwidth for optical doppler frequency measurements compared to previously studied bulk II-VI and III-V materials due to the higher quantum efficiency and optical absorption of GaAs MQWs, in spite of their reduced carrier mobility-lifetime product values resulting mainly from the significantly shorter free carrier lifetimes. The high defect density of low temperature grown MQWs can also yield large field-of-view and, for optical ultrasound detections, high cutoff frequency.
Multi-functional autopilot design and experiments for rotorcraft-based unmanned aerial vehicles (2001)

In this paper, we present a hierarchical guidance and control system designed for rotorcraft-based unmanned aerial vehicles (RUAVs) for cooperative multi-agent scenarios. The issues of multi-agent system is resolved with a distributed hierarchical structure, which gradually transforms abstract mission commands into realtime control signals for multiple numbers of agents. The cooperative operations of multiple agents are realized by the centralized strategic planner, which interacts with other agents through high-bandwidth wireless communication system. The proposed design is implemented on a Berkeley UAV, Ursa Magna 2, and four other unmanned ground vehicles and validated thoroughly in a variety of tests from way-point navigation to pursuit-evasion games.
Abstract 4426: Automated miRNA purification from plasma, serum or exosomes (2018)

Abstract Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs 18-24 nucleotides in size that play important roles involving gene regulation associated with cancer, disease control and gene silencing. Because of the impact on disease progression, miRNA research is rapidly shifting towards biomarker discovery. Many of the commercially available miRNA purification methods involve organic extraction during preprocessing. Here, we describe a novel chemistry that enables RNA purification including smaller RNA such as miRNA. This chemistry offers significant advantages with a simple automated workflow, no organic extraction and minimal preprocessing. Method: In this study we show successful purification of small RNA, including miRNA, from 100uL to 500uL liquid samples utilizing a novel chemistry on the Maxwell® RSC instrument, which can process between 1 and 16 samples. Proteinase K and Lysis Buffer C are added to the liquid samples and incubated before being transferred to the Maxwell cartridge for miRNA isolation. Sample types tested include plasma, serum and isolated exosomes. The miRNA were evaluated using RT-qPCR including miR-16, miR-21, and let-7a. Results: The eluates had high levels of small RNA including miRNA at levels comparable to manual competitor methods that require organic extraction. Quantitative PCR showed that the eluates had little or no detectable DNA contamination. Integration of the chemistry onto this automated platform reduced hands-on time while maintaining high quality needed for use in downstream RT-qPCR amplification assays. Summary: This novel chemistry and method enables purification of small RNA from a range of samples types and volumes. The purified RNA has little or no detectable DNA contamination. Phenol extraction is not required, improving safety and simplifying waste disposal. Also, the automation of this workflow decreases manual hands-on time, saving scientist time and reducing the risk of RNase contamination. Citation Format: Michelle Mandrekar, Jami English, Douglas Horejsh, Chris Moreland, Herly Karlen, Marjeta Urh. Automated miRNA purification from plasma, serum or exosomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4426.
Plasticity of the human visual system after retinal gene therapy in patients with Leber’s congenital amaurosis (2015)

Much of our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying plasticity in the visual cortex in response to visual impairment, vision restoration, and environmental interactions comes from animal studies. We evaluated human brain plasticity in a group of patients with Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA), who regained vision through gene therapy. Using non-invasive multimodal neuroimaging methods, we demonstrated that reversing blindness with gene therapy promoted long-term structural plasticity in the visual pathways emanating from the treated retina of LCA patients. The data revealed improvements and normalization along the visual fibers corresponding to the site of retinal injection of the gene therapy vector carrying the therapeutic gene in the treated eye compared to the visual pathway for the untreated eye of LCA patients. After gene therapy, the primary visual pathways (for example, geniculostriate fibers) in the treated retina were similar to those of sighted control subjects, whereas the primary visual pathways of the untreated retina continued to deteriorate. Our results suggest that visual experience, enhanced by gene therapy, may be responsible for the reorganization and maturation of synaptic connectivity in the visual pathways of the treated eye in LCA patients. The interactions between the eye and the brain enabled improved and sustained long-term visual function in patients with LCA after gene therapy.
Effects of in Vivo Administration of Antiserum to Rat Growth Hormone on Body Growth and Insulin Responsiveness in Adipose Tissue (1983)

To explore the short term effects of endogenous GH on body growth, glucose metabolism, and insulin responsiveness in adipose tissue, 35- to 40-day-old male rats were treated with a potent goat antiserum against rat GH (ArGHS). The administration of ArGHS, but not normal goat serum, caused a dose-dependent decrease in body weight gain and longitudinal bone growth, as measured by the tetracycline method. Glucose metabolism was measured by determining the production of CO2 from [14C]glucose in epididymal fat pad. Treatment with ArGHS (0.05-0.5 ml, ip, twice daily for 6 days) resulted in increased insulin sensitivity, as determined by the ED50 values for the effect of insulin. An increased response to a submaximal concentration of insulin was observed 3 h after the administration of 0.5 ml ArGHS. Basal levels were not consistently affected by ArGHS treatment. The maximal response to insulin was significantly increased after treatment with low doses of ArGHS (0.1-0.2 ml/day) and was decreased after treatment with high doses of ArGHS (0.8-1 ml/day) for 6 days. The magnitude of the response, as determined by the percent increase in response to 10 mU/ml insulin, was, however, not different compared to that observed in adipose tissue of normal goat serum-treated rats. These results demonstrate that elimination of endogenous GH results in retarded growth in the rat within 24 h. Moreover, the results suggest that GH is important in insulin sensitivity.
Bibliography (2008)

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
The Role of Natural Product Chemistry in Agriculture (2013)

In the face of increasing population levels and global climate change, the world faces many challenges with regards to food production. New crop protection solutions afforded by biotechnology as well as synthetic and natural product chemistry will be required to meet these needs. This presentation will describe some historical aspects of natural products in agriculture, some of the issues facing the discovery of new natural products for use in agriculture, and describe various facets of Dow AgroScience's natural products program covering lead discovery through product support
supplementary tables 1-5 from Tadalafil Reduces Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Regulatory T Cells and Promotes Tumor Immunity in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;supplementary tables 1-5. Suppl.table 1: Retrospective case-control study: Patient characteristics: overall and by recurrence status; Suppl.table 2: Prospective Tadalafil study: Patients and tumor characteristics according to study arms; Suppl.table 3: Adverse Events (AE)by study arm; Suppl.table 4: Logistic regression analyses on the retrospective case-control study; Suppl.table 5: Effect of Tadalafil on blood CD4/CD8 ratio&lt;/p&gt;
A Texture Based Approach to Word-Level Script Identification from Multi-script Handwritten Documents (2014)

Script identification from handwritten document images is an open document analysis problem especially for multilingual environment like India. To design the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system for multi-script document pages, it is essential to recognize different scripts prior to employing an OCR engine of a particular script. The present work describes a texture based approach to word-level script identification from five handwritten scripts namely, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu and Roman. A 92-element feature vector has been designed in which 80 features consists of selected coefficients of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and the remaining 12 features have been taken from the Moment invariants. Experimentations are conducted on a database consisting of 1000 word images of each script which are evaluated using multiple classifiers. The Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier is found to be a best choice for the said purpose which is then applied comprehensively using different cross validation folds and different epoch sizes. The average success rate for the present technique of word-level handwritten script identification is found to be 93.56% for 5-fold cross validation with epoch size 1000, which is quite encouraging.
Ranibizumab 0.3 mg for Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema After Recent, Frequent, and Chronic Bevacizumab: The ROTATE Trial (2016)

Ranibizumab 0.3 mg demonstrated improved visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with persistent DME following bevacizumab. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:1030-1037.].
Innate lymphoid cell subsets and their cytokines in autoimmune diseases (2020)

Both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. The main mechanism of disease is due to adaptive immune cells that are active against self-antigens. These cells can cause major damage to body tissues. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an important type of innate immune cell, whose role has been highlighted in recent years. ILCs are responsible for some of the inflammation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of ILCs in the immune response, as well as their involvement in various autoimmune diseases.
In Pixel Implementation of autoadaptative integration time (2012)

New auto-adaptative technique for linear CMOS image sensor based on double captures is presented in this paper. This technique permits to cover up to 6 order of luminosities magnitude. The different blocks composing the adaptative loop are developed in the CMOS 0.35μm technology from Austria MicroSystems. The emulation results of the MATLAB model are shown as well as the electrical simulations of the different blocks.
Isolation and agricultural potential of penicillic acid against citrus canker (2021)

Research into extremophile micro-organisms can identify molecules with biotechnological potential and alternatives to current agricultural practices.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER CYCLOADDITIONS. SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF BICYCLO(3.N.1)BRIDGEHEAD ALKENES (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Dienal (I) erhält man mit Vinylgrignardreagens (II) ein Addukt das direkt zum Trienon (III) oxidiert wird.
PLACEBO-DRIVEN CLINICAL TRIALS OF TRANSFER POINT GLUCAN #300 IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS: ANTIBODY PRODUCTION (2013)

The role of glucan in stimulation of immune reactions has been well-established. In this report, we focused on the antibody production in glucan-supplemented children with chronic respiratory problems. We measured the levels of salivary IgA, IgM and IgG in 40 children aged 8-12 years and evaluated the effects of 100 mg d -1 oral dose of glucan. We found a significant increase in production of all tested antibodies in the glucan-stimulated group, but a decrease of antibody production in the control group. A thirty-day oral application of yeast-based natural immunomodulator -glucan strongly stimulated the mucosal immunity of children with chronic respiratory problems.
Water Mist Suppression of PMMA Boundary Layer Combustion - A Comparison of NanoMist and Spray Nozzle Performance (2004)

Abstract : Water is a multiphase fire-suppressing agent and its transport and distribution pose additional challenges that necessitate research efforts. This report compares the effects of ultra fine water mist (^3 micrometers) and regular spray nozzle mist (^30 micrometers) on forced flow boundary layer combustion of PMMA plate, where mist was introduced with the incoming air. With the spray nozzles, burning rate downstream was enhanced due to spray- induced turbulence, which enhanced heat feedback rate to the plate in this region. Because of the higher heat feedback rate, the downstream achieves steady state burning rate faster with mist than without mist. On the other hand, the ultra fine mist has no induced turbulence and burning rate was suppressed everywhere along the plate due to mist cooling and dilution effects. Transient burning rate downstream lasts longer in this case due to the lower heat feedback rate. Flame extinguishment is by blow-off and larger spray droplets are most efficient in achieving that.
A common ancestral glycoprotein (GP) 9 1828A&gt;G (Asn45Ser) gene mutation occurring in European families from Australia and Northern Europe with Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) (2005)

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is an extremely rare hereditary bleeding disorder, caused by mutations occurring in the Glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha, GPIbbeta and GP9 genes that encode for the corresponding subunits of platelet GPIb-V-IX adhesion receptor complex. BSS has been reported in many populations, mostly behaving in an autosomal-recessive manner.While the great majority of BSS mutations are unique to a single individual or family, the GP9 1828A>G Asn45Ser mutation, which we have identified in an undocumented Australian Caucasian, has already been reported in multiple unrelated Caucasian families from various Northern and Central European countries. Haplotype analysis of 19 BSS patients from 15 unrelated Northern European families (including 2 compound heterozygote siblings from a British family previously published, and 17 1828A>G Asn45Ser homozygotes), showed that 14 of these BSS patients from 11 of the 1828A>G Asn45Ser homozygote families share a common haplotype at the chromosomal region 3' to the GP9 gene. Hence, the results suggest that the GP9 1828A>GAsn45Ser mutation in these families is ancient, and its frequent emergence in the European population is the result of a founder effect rather than recurrent mutational events. Association of the 1828A>G Asn45Ser mutation with variant haplotypes in 4 other Northern European BSS families raised the possibility of a second founder event, or rare recombinations in these families. Additional members from these 'atypical' lineages would need to be screened to resolve this question.