gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of US academic programs in electric propulsion (1998)

Michael M. Micci Pennsylvania State University lain D. Boyd Cornell University Manual M. Martinez-Sanchez Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dennis R. Keefer University of Tennessee Space Institute Nikos A. Gatsonis Worcester Polytechnic Institute Mark A. Cappelli Stanford University Alec D. Gallimore University of Michigan Peter J. Turchi Ohio State University Paul J. Wilbur Colorado State University Ivana Hrbud Auburn University Edgar Y. Choueiri Princeton University Rodney L. Burton University Of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign
One-step synthesis of polysubstituted benzene derivatives by multi-component cyclization of α-bromoacetate, malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes (2008)

Polysubstituted benzene derivatives with an unprecedented substitution pattern are produced in a novel one-pot multi-component cyclization reaction from pyridine, ethyl alpha-bromoacetate, malononitrile and aromatic aldehyde in refluxing acetonitrile.
The Moderating Effects of Supervisee Attachment Strategies on Counter-transference Management ability and Psychological Burnout of the Play Therapists (2019)

본 연구에서는 놀이치료자의 역전이 관리능력이 심리적 소진에 미치는 영향에서 슈퍼바이지 애착전략의 하위요인인 회피, 거절의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 연구 대상은 서울 및 경기도 지역에서 놀이치료를 진행 중인 놀이치료자 240명이었다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 놀이치료자의 심리적 소진은 역전이 관리능력 총점 및 하위변인(자기통찰, 자기통합, 공감능력, 개념화기술, 불안관리)과 부적상관을 보였고, 슈퍼바이지 애착전략 총점 및 하위변인(회피, 거절)과는 정적상관을 나타냈다. 또한 슈퍼바이지 애착전략 총점 및 하위변인은 역전이 관리능력 총점 및 하위변인과 부적상관을 보였다. 둘째, 놀이치료자의 역전이 관리능력과 심리적 소진의 관계에서 슈퍼바이지 애착전략 하위요인 중 회피 애착전략이 유의한 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 놀이치료자의 소진 예방을 위한 보호요인들 중 하나로서 슈퍼바이지 애착전략을 확인하고, 슈퍼비전 과정에서 슈퍼바이지 애착전략을 고려한 개입의 근거를 마련하였다는데 의의가 있다.
Tracking the transition behavior and dynamics of ionic transport in crystalline ionic gel electrolytes (2009)

The transition behavior and dynamics of ionic transport were strongly influenced by changes in the crystal structure and interaction field of the crystalline ionic gel electrolytes with respect to chemical compositions, as proven by impedance, (7)Li NMR, PCA and 2D IR COS.
T cell triggering by lectins I. Requirements for interleukin 2 production;er lectin concentration determines the accessory cell dependency (1985)

The requirements for lectin-induced interleukin 2 (IL2) production by human T cells have been investigated. With two different types of T cells, the Jurkat T cell lymphoma and highly purified HLA class II- peripheral T cells, the amount of IL2 produced was strongly dependent on the lectin concentration used. Addition of accessory cells caused a shift in the dose-response curve, resulting in strongly enhanced IL2 production at low concentrations. Thus, the (absolute) accessory cell dependency for T cells to produce IL2 is defined by experimental conditions. Only at lectin concentrations that were found to be optimal in the presence of accessory cells, removal of these cells abrogates IL2 production. Furthermore, after depletion of monocytes IL 2 production by peripheral T cells became almost completely dependent on the presence of thiols in the culture medium. In contrast, the IL2 production by the Jurkat line was not influenced by addition of thiols. The Jurkat model was used to study the nature of accessory cell because this cell line does not show any reactivity to allogeneic cells. Various myeloid and B lymphoid cell lines were tested as accessory cells. The capacity to function as accessory cell was not related to the monocytic origin of the cell. B cell lines were far more effective than monocytes, as two HLA class II- monocytic cell lines were not active. Even after HLA class II determinants were induced on these cells by incubation with an interferon-gamma-containing conditioned medium, they failed to act as as accessory cells. These experiments question the importance of HLA class II molecules and monokines, such as IL1, for lectin-induced IL2 production.
Governance in Social Media: A case study of the Wikipedia promotion\n process (2010)

Social media sites are often guided by a core group of committed users\nengaged in various forms of governance. A crucial aspect of this type of\ngovernance is deliberation, in which such a group reaches decisions on issues\nof importance to the site. Despite its crucial --- though subtle --- role in\nhow a number of prominent social media sites function, there has been\nrelatively little investigation of the deliberative aspects of social media\ngovernance. Here we explore this issue, investigating a particular deliberative\nprocess that is extensive, public, and recorded: the promotion of Wikipedia\nadmins, which is determined by elections that engage committed members of the\nWikipedia community. We find that the group decision-making at the heart of\nthis process exhibits several fundamental forms of relative assessment. First\nwe observe that the chance that a voter will support a candidate is strongly\ndependent on the relationship between characteristics of the voter and the\ncandidate. Second we investigate how both individual voter decisions and\noverall election outcomes can be based on models that take into account the\nsequential, public nature of the voting.\n
Reversing Redox Responsiveness of Hydrogels due to Supramolecular Interactions by Utilizing Double-Network Structures (2018)

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have been actively researched, and some of them have been put into practical use. When we create and use stimuli-responsive hydrogel materials, controlling stimuli responsiveness of hydrogels is a very important issue. In this research, we prepared hydrogels having single-network (SN) or double-network (DN) gel structures with the host-guest interaction groups cyclodextrin and methyl viologen and evaluated their stimuli responsiveness. The results of the tensile and compression tests showed that the hydrogels with SN and DN structures exhibited opposite stimuli responsiveness in response to the redox reaction of methyl viologen through the association and dissociation of the host molecule, β-cyclodextrin, and the guest molecule, methyl viologen. Spectroscopic measurements and rheological studies all indicated that this difference in stimuli responsiveness originated from the polymer-network structures. In addition, a chemically cross-linked DN gel was prepared and its redox responsiveness was evaluated.
The oncogenic kinase Pim-1 is modulated by K-Ras signaling and mediates transformed growth and radioresistance in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (2020)

Oncogenic Pim-1 kinase is upregulated in multiple solid cancers, including human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly lethal disease with few useful treatment options. Pim-1 is also transcriptionally induced upon oncogenic K-Ras-mediated transformation of the human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cell model of PDAC. Given the near ubiquitous presence of mutant K-Ras in PDAC and its critical role in this disease, we wished to study the effects of oncogenic K-Ras signaling on Pim-1 expression, as well as the role of Pim-1 in growth transformation of PDAC cells. Pim-1 protein levels were upregulated in both PDAC cell lines and patient tumor tissues. Furthermore, ectopic oncogenic K-Ras increased Pim-1 expression in human pancreatic nestin-expressing (HPNE) cells, a distinct immortalized cell model of PDAC. Conversely, shRNA-mediated suppression of oncogenic K-Ras decreased Pim-1 protein in PDAC cell lines. These results indicate that oncogenic K-Ras regulates Pim-1 expression. The kinase activity of Pim-1 is constitutively active. Accordingly, shRNA-mediated suppression of Pim-1 in K-Ras-dependent PDAC cell lines decreased Pim-1 activity, as measured by decreased phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bad and increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. Biological consequences of inhibiting Pim-1 expression included decreases in both anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth, invasion through Matrigel and radioresistance as measured by standard clonogenic assays. These results indicate that Pim-1 is required for PDAC cell growth, invasion and radioresistance downstream of oncogenic K-Ras. Overall, our studies help to elucidate the role of Pim-1 in PDAC growth transformation and validate Pim-1 kinase as a potential molecular marker for mutated K-Ras activity.
A Versatile Filter Test System to Assess Removal Efficiency for Viruses in Aerosols (2021)

Mitigation measures to reduce indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic microorganisms are urgently needed to combat the current pandemic and to prevent future airborne epidemics or pandemics. Very efficient exhaust filters for nanoparticles down to sizes of only a few nanometers have been available for many years; they are used, for example, in diesel and, more recently, gasoline vehicles to reduce emissions. The size of soot particles emitted by combustion engines, i.e. primary particles and aggregates, includes those of viruses. Therefore, such particle filters should also efficiently remove viruses. This study aimed to design a filter test system with a controlled airflow allowing to aerosolize particles at the aerosol inlet and collect samples before and after the particle filter. As an example, results obtained for the NanoCleaner®, a filter designed to clean cabin air in vehicles, are presented. Validation with soot particles produced with a CAST soot generator revealed a filter efficiency higher than 99.5%. To assess the relevance of the test filter system to measure efficiency for viral particles removal, MS2 bacteriophages, also called Escherichia virus MS2, were used as virus surrogate and aerosolized into the filter test system with the commercially available Emser nebulizer. Filter efficiencies of more than 99% for MS2 bacteriophages were achieved using the NanoCleaner® in the filter test system. Experiments with ceramic wall-flow filters showed similar results. To enlighten the versatility of the filter test system, a typical aircraft recirculating air filter was also characterized. The measurements confirmed the high filter efficiency, and in addition, we show a decrease of bacteriophage’s survival on the filter material over 48 h post-exposure. In conclusion, we have established a versatile system that is modular to test any filter system for the efficiency of eliminating MS2 bacteriophages as virus surrogates from air.
Charge-spring model for predicting the piezoelectric response of dielectric materials: Considering tetragonality extends validity to ferroelectric crystals (2016)

In the 2014 Whitehead Memorial Lecture, a straight-forward charge-spring model was introduced and shown to yield estimates for the piezoelectric thickness coefficients of ferroelectric polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and of polymer ferroelectrets such as cellular polypropylene or tubular-channel fluoroethylene-propylene copolymer systems. It was, however, observed that the predictions for ferroelectric perovskites such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) led to a discrepancy of up to two orders of magnitude. Here, we try to resolve the mystery. In ferroelectric polymers, the relevant springs represent the soft amorphous phase between the crystalline dipole polarization. Consequently, the (secondary) piezoelectricity is mainly a dipole-density effect predicted from the rigid dipoles of the crystalline phase and the soft springs (elasticity) of the amorphous phase. In polymer ferroelectrets, the internally charged cavities are macroscopic dipoles and soft springs at the same time, and the (primary) piezoelectricity can be directly predicted from the charge densities and the elasticity in the cavities. In ferroelectric perovskites, the spontaneous polarization disappears when the tetragonal axis is compressed back into the cubic axis. Consequently, the tetragonality needs to be used for correcting the effective length of the relevant spring. With the corrected spring (or elasticity) constants, we find reasonable agreement between the predicted and the experimental values for the piezoelectric thickness coefficients also in perovskites.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldosterone Antagonists. Part 4. Synthesis and Activities of Steroidal 6,6‐Ethylene‐15,16‐methylene 17‐Spirolactones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neutron detection techniques for plasma diagnostics at the joint european torus (JET) (1986)

Abstract The importance of neutron measurements both as a succinct measure of the progress to fusion ignition using the magenetic confinement route and also as a diagnostic of plasma conditions is discussed. The various neutron diagnostic systems that have been or are being construsted by AERE Harwell for JET are described. The properties to be measured by such diagnostics are clearly identified and some results obtained with the installed diagnostics during d-d plasmas are presented.
Utilizing virtual Singapore platform to quantify benefits of autonomous vehicles (2019)

This studydiscusseson methods of measuring Autonomous Vehicles’ benefitsin the urban city of Singapore. The study has exploitedAV modelling and simulation techniques in Virtual environment. The team has made use of AV simulation software in conjunction with traffic simulation and architecture design software. The AV simulation software providesthe capability ofdeployingdifferent sensors such as virtual LIDARwith physics based rendering, vision sensors, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) etc. These sensor measurements help the vehiclesto interpretsurrounding environment used for localization, perception, path planningetc. For a realistic environment, we have integrated thesimulation software with a real-time traffic simulator. Thistraffic simulator is able topopulate vehicles based on real-traffic conditions. The real traffic data is collected with help of our research collaborator, Land Transport Authority (LTA),Singapore. The integration of traffic dataand simulator togetherhelps to test and analyse different use cases to quantify the benefits like area saving, transit time etc.and express the challenges involved in adaptingSingapore to an AV environment. This paper presents a perspective of utilizing Virtual Singapore platform for testing and validating AV deployment in Singapore road network through a combined interface of different software.
Patient Perception of Reimbursement for Arthroscopic Meniscectomy and ACL Reconstruction (2016)

Healthcare policy changes and decreases in Medicare physician reimbursement continue to change the landscape of healthcare. Patient perception of physician reimbursement historically has been exaggerated. However, there is limited evidence of patient perceptions for arthroscopic meniscectomy and ACL reconstruction. This study evaluates patient perceptions of physician reimbursement for arthroscopic meniscectomy and ACL reconstruction and compares perceptions between urban and suburban clinics.
Translesion Synthesis Past Platinum DNA Adducts by Human DNA Polymerase μ (2003)

DNA polymerase mu (pol mu) is a member of the pol X family of DNA polymerases, and it shares a number of characteristics of both DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). Because pol beta has been shown to perform translesion DNA synthesis past cisplatin (CP)- and oxaliplatin (OX)-GG adducts, we determined the ability of pol mu to bypass these lesions. Pol mu bypassed CP and OX adducts with an efficiency of 14-35% compared to chain elongation on undamaged DNA, which is second only to pol eta in terms of bypass efficiency. The relative ability of pol mu to bypass CP and OX adducts was dependent on both template structure and sequence context. Since pol mu has been shown to be more efficient on gapped DNA templates than on primed single-stranded DNA templates, we determined the ability of pol mu to bypass Pt-DNA adducts on both primed single-stranded and gapped templates. The bypass of Pt-DNA adducts by pol mu was highly error-prone on all templates, resulting in 2, 3, and 4 nt deletions. We postulate that bypass of Pt-DNA adducts by pol mu may involve looping out the Pt-GG adduct to allow chain elongation downstream of the adduct. This reaction appears to be facilitated by the presence of a downstream "acceptor" and a gap large enough to provide undamaged template DNA for elongation past the adduct, although gapped DNA is clearly not required for bypass.
Protease Nexin 1 Is a Potent Urinary Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor in the Presence of Collagen Type IV (2002)

Protease nexin 1 (PN1) in solution forms inhibitory complexes with thrombin or urokinase, which have opposing effects on the blood coagulation cascade. An initial report provided data supporting the idea that PN1 target protease specificity is under the influence of collagen type IV (1). Although collagen type IV demonstrated no effect on the association rate between PN1 and thrombin, the study reported that the association rate between PN1 and urokinase was allosterically reduced 10-fold. This has led to the generally accepted idea that the primary role of PN1 in the brain is to act as a rapid thrombin inhibition and clearance mechanism during trauma and loss of vascular integrity. In studies to identify the structural determinants of PN1 that mediate the allosteric interaction with collagen type IV, we found that protease specificity was only affected after transient exposure of PN1 to acidic conditions that mimic the elution protocol from a monoclonal antibody column. Because PN1 used in previous studies was purified over a monoclonal antibody column, we propose that the allosteric regulation of PN1 target protease specificity by collagen type IV is a result of the purification protocol. We provide both biochemical and kinetic data to support this conclusion. This finding is significant because it implies that PN1 may play a much larger role in the modeling and remodeling of brain tissues during development and is not simply an extravasated thrombin clearance mechanism as previously suggested.
Atlas® Listeria monocytogenes LmG2 Detection Assay Using Transcription Mediated Amplification to Detect Listeria monocytogenes in Selected Foods and Stainless Steel Surface (2014)

The Atlas Listeria monocytogenes LmG2 Detection Assay, developed by Roka Bioscience Inc., was compared to a reference culture method for seven food types (hot dogs, cured ham, deli turkey, chicken salad, vanilla ice cream, frozen chocolate cream pie, and frozen cheese pizza) and one surface (stainless steel, grade 316). A 125 g portion of deli turkey was tested using a 1:4 food:media dilution ratio, and a 25 g portion for all other foods was tested using 1:9 food:media dilution ratio. The enrichment time and media for Roka's method was 24 to 28 h for 25 g food samples and environmental surfaces, and 44 to 48 h for 125 g at 35 ± 2°C in PALCAM broth containing 0.02 g/L nalidixic acid. Comparison of the Atlas Listeria monocytogenes LmG2 Detection Assay to the reference method required an unpaired approach. For each matrix, 20 samples inoculated at a fractional level and five samples inoculated at a high level with a different strain of Listeria monocytogenes were tested by each method. The Atlas Listeria monocytogenes LmG2 Detection Assay was compared to the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 993.12 method for dairy products, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook 8.08 method for ready-to-eat meat and environmental samples, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 10 method for frozen foods. In the method developer studies, Roka's method, at 24 h (or 44 h for 125 g food samples), had 126 positives out of 200 total inoculated samples, compared to 102 positives for the reference methods at 48 h. In the independent laboratory studies, vanilla ice cream, deli turkey and stainless steel grade 316 were evaluated. Roka's method, at 24 h (or 44 h for 125 g food samples), had 64 positives out of 75 total inoculated samples compared to 54 positives for the reference methods at 48 h. The Atlas Listeria monocytogenes LmG2 Detection Assay detected all 50 L. monocytogenes strains that encompassed 13 serotypes across the various lineages and none of the 30 exclusive organisms, including seven other Listeria species. The product consistency and kit stability studies revealed no statistical differences between the three lots tested or to the term of the shelf life. Finally, the robustness study demonstrated no statistical differences when samples were incubated at 33 ± 2°C or 37 ± 2°C, when enrichment aliquots were 1.3 mL or 1.7 mL, or when the samples were analyzed the same day or five days later. Overall the Atlas Listeria monocytogenes LmG2 Detection Assay is statistically equivalent to or better than the reference methods and is robust to the tested variations.
Anomalous Hall effect in quarternary Heusler-type Ni50Mn17Fe8Ga25 melt-spun ribbons (2009)

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in quarternary Heusler-type Ni50Mn17Fe8Ga25 melt-spun ribbons is investigated. Experimental correlation between saturated anomalous Hall resistivity (ρAMS) and longitudinal resistivity (ρxx) is achieved for the low-temperature martensitic phase and the high-temperature austenitic phase as ρAMS∞ρxxn=4.2 and ρAMS∞ρxxn=2.1, respectively. The unexpectedly large exponent of n=4.2 in the martensitic phase is found to contradict the traditional theory of AHE with n=1–2, but it can be explained by a side-jump model beyond the short-range limit as a result of the intermediate-range spin-dependent electron scattering by relatively large Mn-rich clusters instead. The restoration of the exponent back to a normal value of n=2.1 in the austenitic phase is ascribed to the domination of the electron scattering by phonons, compared to that by the Mn-rich clusters, at elevated temperatures and with phonon softening in the transverse-acoustic TA2 mode.
Incremental motion control of synchronous reluctance motor via multisegment sliding mode control method (2002)

This paper solves a particular incremental motion control problem, which is specified by the trapezoidal velocity profile, using multisegment sliding mode control. Each segment of the multisegment switching surfaces is designed to match the corresponding part of the trapezoidal velocity profile, so that the motor dynamics on the specified-segment switching surface have the desired velocity or acceleration corresponding to the trapezoidal profile. The multisegment sliding mode control is applied to a synchronous reluctance motor system to demonstrate its effectiveness. A PC-based prototype system is built to verify the validity of the proposed scheme.
(Thio)urea organocatalysis—What can be learnt from anion recognition? (2009)

The present critical review outlines the close relationship and mutual interplay between molecular recognition, active site considerations in enzyme catalysis involving anions, and organocatalysis utilizing explicit hydrogen bonding. These interconnections are generally not made although, as we demonstrate, they are quite apparent as exemplified with pertinent examples in the field of (thio)urea organocatalysis. Indeed, the concepts of anion binding or binding with negatively (partially) charged heteroatoms is key for designing new organocatalytic transformations. Utilizing anions through recognition with hydrogen-bonding organocatalysts is still in its infancy but bears great potential. In turn, the discovery and mechanistic elucidation of such reactions is likely to improve the understanding of enzyme active sites (108 references).