gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two initiation sites of early detection of colon cancer, revealed by localization of pERK1/2 in the nuclei or in aggregates at the perinuclear region of tumor cells (2011)

We have used human specimens and antibodies to pERK1/2 to detect early development of colon cancer, using indirect immunocytochemistry. Two distinct sites were stained; one at the tip of the colon villi and the other in the stromal tissue, associated with the colon tissue. These foci represent early stages of colon cancer initiation, as established by enhanced KRAS, and lack of p53 staining. It should be noted, however, that the enhanced KRAS coincides with the initiation of tumor growth revealed by pERK1/2 only in the tip of the colon villi but not in the stromal initiation site of the colon tumors. Interestingly, foci of pERK1/2 staining were also detected within 50% of stromal tissue and tips of colon villi, that were classified as normal tissues, distal from the malignant one according to general morphology. The staining of pERK1/2 at the stromal foci of this apparently non-malignant tissue appeared as aggregates at the perinuclear region, while at the colon epithelium, it appeared at the cell nuclei. At low-grade of colon cancer, that was still free of induced mutated p53, staining of pERK1/2 was prominent at the cell nuclei both at the stroma tissue and the tip of the colon villi. In intermediate stage, that exhibited a significant p53 staining, only a fraction of p53-free tumor cells was labeled with pERK1/2 antibody, while in high-grade tumors, all cells of tumors were labeled with antibodies to p53, but not with pERK1/2. We also found that the cytoplasm of low-grade tumors was positive for epiregulin, while this labeling decreased in high-grade tumors. Interestingly, we found that the tumors initiating from the stroma demonstrated poor structural differentiation, while the tumors initiating from the epithelial cells of the colon demonstrated high structural differentiation. It is concluded that pERK1/2 is a sensitive early marker of colon cancer, which disappears at later stages of cancer development. Moreover, pERK1/2 staining can distinguish between tumor cells originated from the tip of the colon villi and those originated in the stroma, associated with the colon tissue, and thus can assist in selecting the appropriate therapy.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 6″-(<i>Z</i>)- and 6″-(<i>E</i>)-Fluoro Analogues of Anti-hepatitis B Virus Agent Entecavir and Its Evaluation of the Activity and Toxicity Profile of the Diastereomers (2016)

A method for the diastereoselective synthesis of 6″-(Z)- and 6″-(E)-fluorinated analogues of the anti-HBV agent entecavir has been developed. Construction of the methylenecyclopentane skeleton of the target molecules has been accomplished by radical-mediated 5-exo-dig cyclization of the selenides 6 and 15 having the phenylsulfanylethynyl structure as a radical accepting moiety. In the radical reaction of the TBS-protected precursor 6, (Z)-anti-12 was formed as a major product. On the other hand, TIPS-protected 15 gave (E)-anti-12. The sulfur-extrusive stannylation of anti-12 furnished a mixture of geometric isomers of the respective vinylstannane, whereas benzoyl-protected 17 underwent the stannylation in the manner of retention of configuration. Following XeF2-mediated fluorination, introduction of the purine base and deoxygenation of the resulting carbocyclic guanosine gave the target (E)- and (Z)-3 after deprotection. Evaluation of the anti-HBV activity of 3 revealed that fluorine-substitution at the 6″-position of entecavir gave rise to a reduction in the cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells with retention of the antiviral activity.
Integration of two degree-of-freedom magnetostrictive actuation and piezoresistive detection: application to a two-dimensional optical scanner (2002)

A novel two-dimensional (2-D) optical-scanner device is presented. This device incorporates a highly magnetostrictive thin film with anisotropic properties, so that it can produce 2-D-actuation corresponding to bending and torsion vibrations. The magnetostrictive material is a TbFe-CoFe multilayer film, which has optimized properties for micro-actuators operating at low excitation magnetic fields. The new scanner also integrates an original 2-D piezoresistive detector realized in an easy fabrication process using integrated circuit (IC)-compatible technology. The detectors are able to selectively measure bending and torsional vibrations. This new device enables the synchronization of actuation and sensing for 2-D position control.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF A COBALT‐PROMOTED ACRYLONITRILE COUPLING REACTION (1983)

Abstract Die Cobalt‐Komplexe (II) reagieren in DMF mit Acrylnitril (I) zu den Cobalt‐acrylnitril‐Komplexen (III), die mit Schwefelwasserstoff (IV) zu Adiponitril (V) reduziert werden können.
Neutron production from feedback controlled thermal cycling of a pyroelectric crystal (2007)

The LLNL Crystal Driven Neutron Source is operational and has produced record ion currents of approximately 10 nA and neutron output of 1.9(+/-0.3)x10(5) per thermal cycle using a crystal heating rate of 0.2 degrees C/s from 10 to 110 degrees C. A 3 cm diameter by 1 cm thick LiTaO(3) crystal with a socket secured field emitter tip is thermally cycled with feedback control for ionization and acceleration of deuterons onto a deuterated target to produce D-D fusion neutrons. The entire crystal and temperature system is mounted on a bellows which allows movement of the crystal along the beam axis and is completely contained on a single small vacuum flange. The modular crystal assembly permitted experimental flexibility. Operationally, flashover breakdowns along the side of the crystal and poor emitter tip characteristics can limit the neutron source. The experimental neutron results extend earlier published work by increasing the ion current and pulse length significantly to achieve a factor-of-two higher neutron output per thermal cycle. These findings are reviewed along with details of the instrument.
Regulation of Immunoglobulin Production in Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes: Cellular Interactions (1977)

Abstract The intercellular influences regulating immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis by normal human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were investigated in cells stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). This ststem was shown to be totally T lymphocyte dependent as purified B lymphocytes (≤1% T lymphocytes) failed to make significant amounts of Ig. No evidence was obtained for an Ig class switch as all classes of Ig (IgM, IgG, IgA) were shown to be produced in increasing amounts over a 6-day time period. T lymphocytes demonstrated maximum helper effect when mixed with equal numbers of B cells. This helper effect was mediated through the dual mechanisms of increasing the number of B lymphocytes containing cytoplasmic Ig and by increasing the maturity of these B lymphocytes as demonstrated by an increasing Ig production per B lymphocyte. When present in higher numbers, T lymphocytes were also capable of suppressing Ig production. This T-mediated suppression was first evident as a decrease in the Ig produced per B lymphocyte (decreased maturity). With maximum T suppression Ig-containing B lymphocyte numbers were also diminished. T lymphocyte help was relatively independent of macrophages (phagocytic cells) and did not require DNA synthesis for expression. Both T help and suppression were shown to cross allogeneic barriers. Immature T lymphocytes (thymocytes) were incapable of mediating either activity. Normal human PBL contain T lymphocytes capable of mediating both T help and suppression and the Ig produced by PBL was shown to be the balance of these activities. This balance probably represent the participation of distinct T lymphocyte subpopulations analogous to the T helper (Ly 1+) and T suppressor (Ly 2+, 3+) populatins in the mouse.
Meningitis Caused by <i>Escherichia coli</i> Producing TEM-52 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase within an Extensive Outbreak in a Neonatal Ward: Epidemiological Investigation and Characterization of the Strain (2010)

Outbreaks caused by Enterobacteriaceae isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in neonatal wards can be difficult to control. We report here an extensive outbreak in a neonatal ward with a case of meningitis caused by an ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strain. Between 24 March and 29 April 2009, among the 59 neonates present in the ward, 26 neonates with ESBL-producing E. coli rectal colonization were detected (44%). One of the colonized neonates developed meningitis with a favorable outcome after treatment combining imipenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. Despite strict intensification of hygiene and isolation procedures for more than 1 month, ward closure to new admissions was necessary to control the outbreak. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis performed on 31 isolates recovered from 26 neonates and two mother's milk samples showed a clonal strain. ESBL PCR assays indicated that the strain harbored a TEM-52 ESBL encoded by an IncI1 replicon. Phylogenetic analysis by multilocus sequence typing showed that the strain belonged to rare phylogenetic group C, which is closely related to group B1 but appears as group A by the triplex PCR phylogrouping method. The strain harbored the virulence genes fuyA, aer, and iroN and was virulent in a mouse model of septicemia. This work indicates the high potential of colonization, transmission, and virulence of some ESBL-producing E. coli clones.
Oxygen supplementation during exercise improves leg muscle fatigue in chronic fibrotic interstitial lung disease (2021)

O<sub>2</sub> supplementation during exercise improves leg muscle oxygenation and fatigue in <i>f</i>-ILD. Lessening peripheral muscle fatigue to enhance exercise tolerance is a neglected therapeutic target that deserves clinical attention in this patient population.
Bioprinting : From self-assembling multicellular spheroids to three-dimensional tissue structures [abstract] (2006)

The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a bone-defect model to study the biologic behavior of biomaterials being considered for impaction grafting in revision hip arthroplasty. A miniature impactor was designed to produce pellets of aggregates at a standard compactive effort. In Phase 1, 22 sheep underwent implantation of pellets into six metaphyseal defects in both rear limbs. In Phase 2, eight sheep underwent surgical implantation of four pellets in metaphyseal defects. Defects were sealed with polymethylmethacrylate in both phases. Healing of the defects was evaluated at 7 weeks (Phase 1, n = 11) and 14 weeks (n =19) with computed tomography, histology, and histomorphometry. Complications in Phase 1 included four femoral fractures and migration of cement seals (18/102 defects). No complications occurred in Phase 2. Whereas no difference was found between left and right limbs, osteogenesis and incorporation of biomaterials varied among implantation sites. For comparison of grafting materials, treatment site allocations were randomized according to a Latin square design. This model allows evaluation of several impacted aggregates (including large particles) in the same animal. It is particularly suitable for analyzing the biologic properties of grafting materials prior to evaluation under loading conditions.
Effect of Skin Pigmentation on Near Infrared Spectroscopy (2015)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of skin pigmentation regarding Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygen saturation values (StO2). The study examined NIRS values in individuals with varying skin pigmentation on the anterior compartment of the lower leg and volar forearm to determine if correlation exists among three NIRS devices, the EQUANOX, Casmed, and INVOS. Skin pigmentation was measured on the anterior lower leg (AL) and volar forearm (VF) of participants using a noninvasive colorimeter that employed reflective spectroscopy to produce a quantitative value for erythema (skin “redness”) and melanin (skin pigment). Muscle oxygenation was measured using three oximetry devices with sensors placed in the same areas. The EQUANOX device showed no significant correlation with skin pigmentation, while the Casmed and INVOS devices showed moderate and significant correlation with skin pigmentation, respectively. Different devices have different abilities to remove confounding variables, such as skin pigmentation and erythema, which may affect clinical decision-making, and affect the use of NIRS technology.
Combustion of methane-oxygen and methane-oxygen-CFC mixtures initiated by a high-current slipping surface discharge (2001)

Results are presented from experimental studies of the destruction of chlorofluorocarbon (CF2Cl2) molecules in a methane-oxygen (air) gas mixture whose combustion is initiated by a high-current slipping surface discharge. It is found that a three-component CH4+O2(air)+CF2Cl2 gas mixture (even with a considerable amount of the third component) demonstrates properties of explosive combustion involving chain reactions that are typical of two-component CH4+O2 mixtures. Experiments show the high degree of destruction (almost complete decomposition) of chlorofluorocarbons contained in the mixture during one combustion event. The combustion dynamics is studied. It is shown that the combustion initiated by a slipping surface discharge has a number of characteristic features that make it impossible to identify the combustion dynamics with the formation of a combustion or detonation wave. The features of the effects observed can be related to intense UV radiation produced by a pulsed high-current surface discharge.
The lncRNA landscape of breast cancer reveals a role for DSCAM-AS1 in breast cancer progression (2016)

Molecular classification of cancers into subtypes has resulted in an advance in our understanding of tumour biology and treatment response across multiple tumour types. However, to date, cancer profiling has largely focused on protein-coding genes, which comprise <1% of the genome. Here we leverage a compendium of 58,648 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to subtype 947 breast cancer samples. We show that lncRNA-based profiling categorizes breast tumours by their known molecular subtypes in breast cancer. We identify a cohort of breast cancer-associated and oestrogen-regulated lncRNAs, and investigate the role of the top prioritized oestrogen receptor (ER)-regulated lncRNA, DSCAM-AS1. We demonstrate that DSCAM-AS1 mediates tumour progression and tamoxifen resistance and identify hnRNPL as an interacting protein involved in the mechanism of DSCAM-AS1 action. By highlighting the role of DSCAM-AS1 in breast cancer biology and treatment resistance, this study provides insight into the potential clinical implications of lncRNAs in breast cancer.
Community Map Generation based on Trace-Collection for GNSS Outdoor and RF-based Indoor Localization Applications (2010)

In children with pes cavus, certain clinical features can predict CMT and assist in selection of patients for further, potentially uncomfortable (EMG) and expensive (genetic) confirmatory investigations.
Apparatus And Method For Osl-Based, Remote Radiation Monitoring And Spectrometry (2023)

Compact, OSL-based devices for long-term, unattended radiation detection and spectroscopy are provided. In addition, a method for extracting spectroscopic information from these devices is taught. The devices can comprise OSL pixels and at least one radiation filter surrounding at least a portion of the OSL pixels. The filter can modulate an incident radiation flux. The devices can further comprise a light source and a detector, both proximally located to the OSL pixels, as well as a power source and a wireless communication device, each operably connected to the light source and the detector. Power consumption of the device ranges from ultra-low to zero. The OSL pixels can retain data regarding incident radiation events as trapped charges. The data can be extracted wirelessly or manually. The method for extracting spectroscopic data comprises optically stimulating the exposed OSL pixels, detecting a readout luminescence, and reconstructing an incident-energy spectrum from the luminescence.
Stereo Vision-based approaches for Pedestrian Detection (2006)

This paper describes a system for pedestrian detection in stereo infrared images. The system is based on three different underlying approaches: warm area detection, edgebased detection, and v-disparity computation. Stereo is also used for computing the distance and size of detected objects. A final validation process is performed using head morphological and thermal characteristics. Neither temporal correlation, nor motion cues are used in this processing. The developed system has been implemented on an experimental vehicle equipped with two infrared camera and preliminarily tested in different situations.
Content placement in heterogeneous end-to-end virtual networks (2015)

One of the distinctive features of the new virtualized ecosystem, is the multi-stakeholder participation in the way cloud services are designed, deployed and offered. In this work, we address the emerging content replication problem a Content Delivery Network (CDN) provider needs to consider, when deploying its network over multi-domain, heterogeneous environments, where virtual network operators utilize both the CDN services and the virtualized infrastructures. In our model, the benefit that the CDN provider enjoys may be different per network operator for the same request, while our model takes into account the replication cost to every domain, as well as the user mobility, besides physical storage limitations. Since the optimal placement of the objects at the caches of the various domains resembles the multiple knapsack problem, which is NP-complete, we provide two approximate solutions to the emerging content placement problem. We evaluate the proposed policies through extensive simulations and we compare them against a myopic method, where a domain is unaware of the caching strategy of the other domains that is connected to.
Nonuniform Jet Array Impingement on a Curved Surface (2017)

Experiments to investigate the effect of varying jet hole diameter and jet spacing on heat transfer and pressure loss from jet array impingement on a curved target surface are reported. The jet plate configurations studied have varying hole diameters and geometric spacing for spatial tuning of the heat transfer behavior. The configuration also includes a straight section downstream of the curved section, where the effect on heat transfer and pressure loss is also investigated. The jet plate holes are sharp-edged. A steady-state measurement technique utilizing temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) was used on the target surface to obtain local heat transfer coefficients. Pressure taps placed on the sidewall and jet plate of the channel were used to evaluate the flow distribution in the impingement channel. For all configurations, spent air is drawn out in a single direction which is tangential to the target plate curvature. First row jet Reynolds numbers ranging from 50,000 to 160,000 are reported. Further tests were performed to evaluate several modifications to the impingement array. These involve blocking several downstream rows of jets, measuring the subsequent shifts in the pressure and heat transfer data, and then applying different turbulator designs in an attempt to recover the loss in the heat transfer while retaining favorable pressure loss. It was found that by using W-shaped turbulators, the downstream surface average Nusselt number increases up to ∼13% as compared with a smooth case using the same amount of coolant. The results suggest that by properly combining impingement and turbulators (in the post impingement section), higher heat transfer, lower flow rate, and lower pressure drop are simultaneously obtained, thus providing an optimal scenario.
Enhancing Wettability of Radio Frequency Magnetron-Sputtered Glass Films by Exploiting Structural Defects (2019)

Silica-based films were prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering to investigate the influence of the chemical compositions of the target glass on the structure and wettability of the sputtered films. The sputtered films were more hydrophilic than the untreated glasses. Oxygen defects formed in the silica units of the sputtered films and resulted in the formation of hydroxyl groups, regardless of the chemical composition of the glass. The three-phase contact lines were distorted by chemical heterogeneities on the surfaces of the sputtered films.
P1‐272: The ADGC genome browser (2011)

The Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Consortium (ADGC) was established in 2009 with support from NIA to study the genetics of Alzheimer's disease by the genome-wide association studies approach. Participants of ADGC include all 29 National Alzheimer's Disease Centers and experts from major institutions in the United States. To date, the consortium has just completed the first meta-analysis of more than 22,000 subjects from 15 studies. In order to promote community collaboration, ADGC is sponsoring six additional special analysis group proposals for in-depth analysis. To facilitate community access, we have set up the ADGC Genome Browser (ADGC-GB) database in order to manage all the analysis results by ADGC. The database is developed using the open-source LAMP framework and supports a web-based genome browser interface powered by GBrowse2. ADGC-GB is the main data repository for all analysis results generated by ADGC and participating analysis groups. The analysis results will be grouped by contributor and keyword search. ADGC-GB also supports keyword search and a table browser interface that allows the user to specify criterion for querying and generate reports. Currently ADGC-GB includes significance of 2.3 million SNPs from the first AD GWAS meta-analysis. ADGC-GB allows visualization of functional significance by including various genomic annotation tracks from major public genomic databases including gene models and noncoding RNAs, repeats, regulatory elements, and SNPs and structural variations. The ADGC genome browser is currently available to ADGC members and will be available for public access after the publication of the first meta-analysis.
JS-RAKE: Judiciously trained selective RAKE receiver for UWB systems (2016)

Hardware complexity reduction is critically important for Rake receivers in ultra-wide band systems, where the number of channel multi-path components (MPCs) can be very large. Though several designs (S-Rake, P-Rake) have been proposed, the impact of channel estimation overhead has not been accounted for in prior literature. In this paper, we propose a new Judiciously trained Selective Rake receiver that performs channel estimation for only a subset of the many channel multi-path components. The intuition behind the design is that only a few channel MPCs have enough strength to make them sufficiently likely to contribute significantly to the received signal power. By restricting the channel estimation to only these MPCs, the estimation overhead can be reduced significantly without degrading capacity. In this paper, we first show that if the MPCs have independent Rayleigh amplitude fading, it is data rate optimal to perform channel estimation for only a subset of the MPCs with the highest second-order moments. We also present a closed form expression for the achievable data-rate of a JS-Rake receiver in Rayleigh fading and find the data-rate maximizing size of this subset. Simulations in several practically relevant channel settings show that JS-Rake boosts data rate by 30-40% and 50%, in comparison to S-Rake and P-Rake, respectively.