gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
History of wrist arthroscopy (2020)

The history of wrist arthroscopy is a global one, founded on the development of the arthroscope in Japan in the first half of the 20 th century. Japanese surgeons Kenji Takagi and Masaki Watanabe helped develop the arthroscope and the techniques and concepts of arthroscopy, with a focus on the knee. With the improvement in optics, lighting. and miniaturization, arthroscopy of the wrist could be more safely performed. In the 1980’s Terry Whipple, Gary Poehling and James Roth brought a standardized, safe, and reproducible approach to wrist arthroscopy. They conducted courses, revolutionized teaching, and added publications. This led to an explosion in the clinical utilization of wrist arthroscopy and further development of new techniques. In 2005, Christophe Mathoulin created the European Wrist Arthroscopy Society (EWAS) which conducted cadaveric workshops, initially in Europe and then throughout the world. In 2015, PC Ho created the Asia Pacific Wrist Association, which has provided meetings and workshops throughout Asia. Recently, EWAS became International Wrist Arthroscopy Society, truly providing an international approach. This article brings these periods together and presents a thorough picture of the development of wrist arthroscopy.
Kir6.2‐dependent high‐affinity repaglinide binding to <i>β</i>‐cell K<sub>ATP</sub> channels (2005)

1. The beta-cell K(ATP) channel is composed of two types of subunit - the inward rectifier K(+) channel (Kir6.2) which forms the channel pore, and the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR1), which serves as a regulatory subunit. The N-terminus of Kir6.2 is involved in transduction of sulphonylurea binding into channel closure, and deletion of the N-terminus (Kir6.2DeltaN14) results in functional uncoupling of the two subunits. In this study, we investigate the interaction of the hypoglycaemic agents repaglinide and glibenclamide with SUR1 and the effect of Kir6.2 on this interaction. We further explore how the binding properties of repaglinide and glibenclamide are affected by functional uncoupling of SUR1 and Kir6.2 in Kir6.2DeltaN14/SUR1 channels. All binding experiments are performed on membranes in ATP-free buffer at 37 degrees C. 2. Repaglinide was found to bind with low affinity (K(D)=59+/-16 nM) to SUR1 alone, but with high affinity (increased approximately 150-fold) when SUR1 was co-expressed with Kir6.2 (K(D)=0.42+/-0.03 nM). Glibenclamide, tolbutamide and nateglinide all bound with marginally lower affinity to SUR1 than to Kir6.2/SUR1. 3. Repaglinide bound with low affinity (K(D)=51+/-23 nM) to SUR1 co-expressed with Kir6.2DeltaN14. In contrast, the affinity for glibenclamide, tolbutamide and nateglinide was only mildly changed as compared to wild-type channels. 4. In whole-cell patch-clamp experiments inhibition of Kir6.2DeltaN14/SUR1 currents by both repaglinide and nateglinde is abolished. 5. The results suggest that Kir6.2 causes a conformational change in SUR1 required for high-affinity repaglinide binding, or that the high-affinity repaglinide-binding site includes contributions from both SUR1 and Kir6.2. Glibenclamide, tolbutamide and nateglinide binding appear to involve only SUR1.
Monoterpene regulation of Ras and Ras-related protein expression (2003)

Monoterpenes, derived primarily from plants, are products of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and function as chemical messengers with diverse functions. The biochemical bases for these activities are largely undefined. The Ras small GTPase superfamily of proteins consists of isoprenylated proteins that play key roles in signal transduction pathways known to regulate diverse cellular functions. In these studies, we have examined the effects of the monoterpenes on expression of Ras and Ras-related proteins, in the absence and presence of mevalonate depletion. Although prior studies have suggested that monoterpenes inhibit isoprenyl transferases, our studies clearly show that select monoterpenes inhibit up-regulation of Ras and the Ras-related proteins. A structure-activity relationship model for these effects was defined. The ability of monoterpenes to regulate the expression of the Ras-related proteins was found to be independent of effects on cell proliferation or total cellular protein synthesis/degradation. This regulatory function of monoterpenes suggests a role for these plant-derived compounds in altering signal transduction elements.
Input Design for Large-Scale Sheet and Film Processes (1998)

Manipulated variable moves are computed to maximize the information contained in experimental data collected from sheet and film processes. The experimental design procedure minimizes the confidence ellipsoid of the critical model parameters over the manipulated variables subject to their physical constraints. For a simulated blown film process, the model is 1 order of magnitude more accurate than that identified from the industrial standard bump test experiments. The improved accuracy results in a 37% reduction in closed-loop thickness variations. This indicates that substantial benefits can be achieved by incorporating the optimal experimental design algorithm into industrial sheet and film process control algorithms.
Targeting of Lewis‐X‐containing glycans blocks PMN transepithelial migration and increases phagocytosis and degranulation (488.3) (2014)

The transepithelial migration (TEM) of neutrophils (PMN) is a histopathological hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet the mechanisms controlling PMN TEM remain poorly defined. The fucosylated, terminal glycan determinant Lewis X (Lex), expressed on the glycans of PMN surface glycoproteins (including MAC‐1 and LFA‐1), has previously been implicated in adhesive interactions between PMN and endothelium. However, little is known about the role of Lex in PMN function following extravasation. Flow cytometry analyses revealed increased surface expression of Lex on human PMN following TEM, while immunohistochemistry demonstrated robust expression of PMN‐associated Lex within crypt abscesses in the colonic epithelium of individuals with IBD. Furthermore, engagement of Lex increased PMN adhesive interactions, both with other PMNs and with intestinal epithelial cells, blocking PMN chemotaxis and TEM. In addition to blocking PMN trafficking, targeting of Lex also altered post‐migratory PMN functions, increasing both PMN phagocytosis of Salmonella enterica and release of primary granules. Therefore, glycans expressing the Lex determinant represent a novel target for regulating both the trafficking of PMN into the intestinal lumen and PMN function. Further, given its robust expression in migrating PMN and during inflammation, Lex may be a rational target for modulating inflammation in IBD. Grant Funding Source : Supported by Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America and National Institutes of Health
A Chemical Genetic Screening Procedure for Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings (2015)

Unbiased screening approaches are powerful tools enabling identification of novel players in biological processes. Chemical genetic screening refers to the technique of using a reporter response, such as expression of luciferase driven by a promoter of interest, to discover small molecules that affect a given process when applied to plants. These chemicals then act as tools for identification of regulatory components that could not otherwise be detected by forward genetic screens due to gene family redundancy or mutant lethality. This protocol describes a chemical genetic screen using <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> seedlings, which has led to recognition of novel players in the plant general stress response.
Large-Scale Wave Kinematics Measurements of Regular Waves and Large-Amplitude Wave Groups (2010)

An experiment was performed to measure and characterize wave kinematics in an experimental basin. The experiment is part of an ongoing effort to improve predictions and measurements of ship motions in waves, including more accurate characterization of the near-field wave environment and its influence on ship motions. The primary objective of this experiment was to measure and characterize the wave kinematics of regular waves of varying steepness and scaled irregular seaways, including irregular waves with embedded wave groups. Measurements, including free-surface elevations and velocity field measurements under the free surface, are presented and discussed.
Detection of Lithium Plating During Thermally Transient Charging of Li-Ion Batteries (2019)

Li-ion batteries are prone to thermal transients imposed by external environmental conditions and/or operationally-induced self-heating characteristics. The material properties, form factor, and implemented cooling strategy of a battery influence the severity and behavior of thermal transients. In contrast to equilibrated low temperatures (0˚C), both substantial and mild (40 to 0˚C and 10 to 0˚C) temporally transient thermal conditions, result in approximately half of the Li+ ions plate as lithium metal at the anode, as opposed to intercalating, in the first charge. This quantity of plated lithium accelerates capacity loss in subsequent cycles and causes rapid onset of jellyroll collapse (cycles 5-8). The plating process induced by charging under a thermal transient causes a unique drop in voltage during charging, resulting in a negative differential voltage, which is not observed in subsequent cycles when the cell temperature has reached thermal equilibrium or in any equilibrium condition. Because a negative differential voltage is distinct, it provides route for detection to prevent rapid degradation and compromised safety. Accelerated rate calorimetry assesses cell safety after substantial plating and jellyroll collapse induced by charging under a temporally thermal transient condition. Self-heating begins at temperatures as low as 35˚C and can wall rupture provides risk of propagation failures in battery packs. Charging during thermal transients is identified as a plating-prone condition that alters the long-term performance and safety of Li-ion batteries. This work exemplifies the importance of understanding the role of thermal transients in pack assemblies to enable safe operation.
Risk of Atrial Fibrillation After Atrial Flutter Ablation: Impact of AF History, Gender, and Antiarrhythmic Drug Medication (2014)

AF occurrence after AFL ablation is frequent (>20%), especially in patients with a history of AF, in female patients, and in patients treated with class I antiarrythmics/amiodarone prior to AFL. Since most patients who experience AF after AFL ablation have a CHA2DS2-VASc ≥1, the decision to stop anticoagulants after ablation should be considered on an individual basis.
Z prvních polemik o odpustky v roce 1412 (2016)

1412 saw large-scale protests in Prague against crusading indulgences issued by Pope John XXIII. This study identifies and evaluates some polemical manuscript texts that can be situated within the context of this controversy. It offers a critical edition of the anti-indulgence pamphlet Vobis asmodeistis that was found in a money box at Prague Castle on 20 June 1412. The hitherto unknown polemic Motiva pro defensa prelatorum et indulgenciarum is also edited in the appendix. The statement arguing that prelates should not be criticised by their subjects and misdemeanours be dealt with mercy is followed by a Wycliffite refutation. Two manuscript texts on indulgences which were suspected to be treatises from 1412 by Andrew of Brod and Stanislav of Znojmo respectively are an excerpt from the Tractatus fidei by Benoît d’Alignan, with the second paragraph coming from Stanislav’s later work. In sum, the sources examined in this article show the various ways of how the events of 1412 impacted literary output.
Mutation Spectrum in<i>RAB</i><i>3</i><i>GAP</i><i>1</i>,<i>RAB</i><i>3</i><i>GAP</i><i>2</i>, and<i>RAB</i><i>18</i>and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Warburg Micro Syndrome and Martsolf Syndrome (2013)

Warburg Micro syndrome and Martsolf syndrome (MS) are heterogeneous autosomal-recessive developmental disorders characterized by brain, eye, and endocrine abnormalities. Causative biallelic germline mutations have been identified in RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2, or RAB18, each of which encode proteins involved in membrane trafficking. This report provides an up to date overview of all known disease variants identified in 29 previously published families and 52 new families. One-hundred and forty-four Micro and nine Martsolf families were investigated, identifying mutations in RAB3GAP1 in 41% of cases, mutations in RAB3GAP2 in 7% of cases, and mutations in RAB18 in 5% of cases. These are listed in Leiden Open source Variation Databases, which was created by us for all three genes. Genotype-phenotype correlations for these genes have now established that the clinical phenotypes in Micro syndrome and MS represent a phenotypic continuum related to the nature and severity of the mutations present in the disease genes, with more deleterious mutations causing Micro syndrome and milder mutations causing MS. RAB18 has not yet been linked to the RAB3 pathways, but mutations in all three genes cause an indistinguishable phenotype, making it likely that there is some overlap. There is considerable genetic heterogeneity for these disorders and further gene identification will help delineate these pathways.
Implementing the Honey Encryption for Securing Public Cloud Data Storage (2017)

Recent security incidents on public cloud data storage had risen concerns on cloud data security. Existing cloud data protection solutions that primarily relying on the conventional password-based encryption cannot efficiently resist password guessing and password cracking attacks. To address this p
Maternal allopurinol administration during suspected fetal hypoxia: a novel neuroprotective intervention? A multicentre randomised placebo controlled trial (2014)

NCT00189007, Dutch Trial Register NTR1383.
Chiral aliphatic hydroxy compounds in nature: A review of biological functions and practical applications (2009)

Chirality is a phenomenon that pervades the life on the Earth and has a tremendous importance for our daily lives. Many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food additives, pheromones, fragrances and cosmetics are chiral. Chiral compounds play an essential role in biological systems, mainly for chemical communication among living organisms, serving as sex pheromones, aggregation pheromones, alarm pheromones, trail pheromones, attractants or repellent agents. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the biologically relevant chiral aliphatic hydroxy compounds, which are divided into eight classes according to their chemical structure: primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, glycols and diols, hydroxy ketones, hydroxy carboxylic acids, hydroxy carboxylic esters and hydroxy amines. Information on biological functions and practical applications is summarized for each class. This information could be of interest to chemists, biochemists, biologists and pharmacists. A review with 475 references.
Possible use of direct silicon-on-silicon bonding for construction of analyzers for inelastic scattering (1996)

Bonding of silicon directly to silicon is possible with proper preparation of the two surfaces to be bonded. The advantage of such a method is that a bonding agent is not required, and direct bonding avoids figure errors introduced by thickness variations in a bonding agent. We have succeeded in bonding a 3-inch-diameter diced (1 mm × 1 mm) silicon(111) oriented wafer to a silicon concave spherical form having a 3-m radius. A very good rms figure error of 0.059 millirad over the entire area of the analyzer was measured. The suitability for x-ray inelastic scattering due to introduced strain is, however, still an open question. Whether or not deleterious strain is unavoidably introduced during the bonding process is a question we will answer with availability of photons on sector 3 of the SRI CAT at the Advanced Photon Source.
Virulence genes and cytokine profile in systemic murine<i>Campylobacter coli</i>infection (2015)

Campylobacter coli are one of the most common bacteria in bacterial gastroenteritis and acute enterocolitis in humans. However, relatively little is known regarding the mechanisms of pathogenesis and host response to C. coli infections. To investigate the influence of genetic changes, we first used PCR to demonstrate the presence of the known virulence genes cadF, virB11, cdtB, cdtC and ceuE in the clinical isolate C. coli 26536, which was isolated from the liver of infected BALB/c mice. Sequence analyses of the cadF, virB11, cdtB and ceuE genes in C. coli 26536 confirmed the stability in these virulence genes during their transmission through the host. We further investigated C. coli infection for the bacterial clearance from the liver and spleen of infected mice, and for their immune response. C. coli persisted well in both organs, with better survival in the liver. We also determined the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin [IL]-6, IL-12, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in plasma and in liver homogenates from the infected mice, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The lowest levels among these cytokines were for tumor necrosis factor-α in the plasma and IL-6 in the liver on days 1, 3 and 8 post-infection. The most pronounced production was for IL-10, in both plasma (days 1 and 8 post-infection) and liver (day 8 post-infection), which suggests that it has a role in healing of the organ inflammation. Our findings showed dynamic relationships between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and thus contribute toward clarification of the healing processes involved in the resolution of C. coli infections.
Otoliths-composed gelatin/sodium alginate scaffolds for bone regeneration (2020)

Evidence that otoliths, mineral-rich limestone concrescences present in the inner ear of bone fishes, can accelerate bone formation in vivo has been previously reported. The goal of this work was the development, characterization, and evaluation of the cytocompatibility of otoliths-incorporated sodium alginate and gelatin scaffolds. Cynoscion acoupa-derived otoliths were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FRX), particle size, free lime, and weight loss by calcination. Furthermore, otoliths were incorporated into sodium alginate (ALG/OTL-s) or gelatin (GEL/OTL-s) scaffolds, previously developed by freeze-drying. Then, the scaffolds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR), swelling tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity assays were run against J774.G8 macrophages and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Data obtained from TGA/DTG, DSC, and FTIR analyses confirmed the interaction between otoliths and the polymeric scaffolds. SEM showed the homogeneous porous 3D structure rich in otolith micro-fragments in both scaffolds. Swelling of the GEL/OTL-s (63.54 ± 3.0%) was greater than of ALG/OTL-s (13.36 ± 9.9%) (p < 0.001). The viability of J774.G8 macrophages treated with both scaffolds was statistically similar to the group treated with DMEM only (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than that treated with Triton-X (p < 0.01) at 72 h. Both scaffolds showed approximately 100% growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts by 24 h, similarly to control (p > 0.05). However, by 48 h, only ALG/OTL-s showed growth similar to control (p > 0.05), whereas GEL/OTL showed a significantly lower growth index (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the physicochemical profiles suggest proper interaction between the otoliths and the two developed polymeric 3D scaffolds. Moreover, both materials showed cytocompatibility with J774.G8 macrophages but the growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts was higher when exposed to ALG/OTL-s. These data suggest that sodium alginate/otoliths scaffolds are potential biomaterials to be used in bone regeneration applications. Graphical abstract.
Dental Adhesive System (2012)

Summary of the Invention&#13;\nThe inventors have devised adhesive systems which have improved characteristics relative to known adhesive systems. For example, the adhesive systems may retain their bond strength for a longer period of time relative to known adhesive systems. In other words, the bond strength does not degrade as quickly due to remineralization/protection of the hybrid layer. Further, some of the adhesive systems may also provide increased bond strength. &#13;\nThe improved characteristics of the adhesive systems are brought about by incorporating additives into the adhesive systems. Therefore, in a first aspect, the invention provides a composition for maintaining the bond strength of a dental adhesive system, the composition comprising Portland cement, titanium oxide, smectite and hydrotalcite.&#13;\nThe composition maintains the bond strength of the dental adhesive system. This means that the durability of the adhesion is improved so that the bond strength degrades more slowly over time.
Session 12 Device technology &amp;#8212; Advanced fabrication technology (1986)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings.
Growing 20 cm Long DWNTs/TWNTs at a Rapid Growth Rate of 80−90 μm/s (2010)

Gas-flow-directed CH4−H2O CVD was proposed to increase the growth efficiency of 20 centimeters long DWNTs/TWNTs. Water served to maintain the catalyst activity and increased the average growth rate of 10−20 cm CNTs from 20 to 80−90 μm/s.
Reduction of threshold voltage deviation in Damascene metal gate MOSFETs (2003)

The Damascene metal gate transistors are found to exhibit characteristics superior to those of the conventional polysilicon gate transistors with respect to the threshold voltage deviation (/spl Delta/V/sub th/) and the subthreshold swing (S-factor) when the metal gate work function deviation (crystal orientation deviation) is suppressed by using the inorganic CVD technique. The mechanisms of the gate length dependence of /spl Delta/V/sub th/ and S-factor in the Damascene metal gate transistors can be explained by metal gate work function deviation in the channel region.
The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration (1999)

A total of 614 upward through-going muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 537 detector live days. The measured muon flux is (1.74 ± 0.07(stat.) ± 0.02(sys.)) × 10 −13 cm −2 s −1 sr −1 compared to an expected flux of (1.97 ± 0.44(theo.)) × 10 −13 cm −2 s −1 sr −1 . The absolute measured flux is in agreement with the prediction within the errors. However, the zenith angle dependence of the observed upward through-going muon flux does not agree with no-oscillation predictions. The observed distortion in shape is consistent with the �µ ↔ �� oscillation hypothesis with sin 2 2� > 0.4 and 1 × 10 −3 < �m 2 < 1 × 10 −1 eV 2 at 90 % confidence level.
Efficient Likelihood Learning of a Generic CNN-CRF Model for Semantic Segmentation. (2015)

Deep Models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), are omnipresent in computer vision, as well as, structured models, such as Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). Combining them brings many advantages, foremost the ability to in-cooperate prior knowledge into CNNs, e.g. by explicitly modelling the dependencies between output variables. In this work we present a CRF model were unary factors are dependent on a CNN. Our main contribution is an efficient and scalable, maximum likelihood-based, learning procedure to infer all model parameters jointly. Previous work either concentrated on piecewise-training, or maximum likelihood learning of restricted model families, such as Gaussian CRFs or CRFs with a few variables only. In contrast, we are the first to perform maximum likelihood learning for large-sized factor graphs with non-parametric potentials. We have applied our model to the task of semantic labeling of body parts in depth images. We show that it is superior to selected competing models and learning strategies. Furthermore, we empirically observe that our model can capture shape and context information of relating body parts.