gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Analysis of Cars - Experiences and Results (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An important cornerstone of our society is the individual mobility which, today, chiefly can only be offered by the automobile. However, in the industrial countries the car at the same time is exposed to harsh criticism as far as environmental pollution is discussed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Goal of this presentation is to show a scientific method by means of which environmental loads during manufacture, use and utilization/disposal of whole systems - in this special case vehicles - can be quantified and optimized. In order to do this, the instrument of life cycle analysis of parts and processes is used and in the same way the scientific method is developed beyond the level of literature. Due to these modifications the results are only useful if the boundary conditions are mentioned in detail.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Considerations on the system such as the examination of an automobile require a method extended by essential criteria due to its complexity. Possibilities are presented which help to describe the product life cycle of an automobile, sufficiently accurate by careful examination of the main parameters such as material, material intensity and fabrication procedures.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As demonstrated on a small car, an automobile of upper standard and a train respective ways of action are shown and results of a system analysis are represented. As regards automobiles various weak points exist. On the one hand these are specific parameters during manufacture and on the other hand during the utilization phase the fuel consumption and its production. The track-bound traffic shows disadvantages if the generation of current is unfavorable. Therefore optimization potentials are to be seen in the field of fuel efficiency and its underlying factors as well as in the field of electricity supply.&lt;/div&gt;
THz Generation From GaP Rod-Type Waveguides (2007)

Terahertz (THz) generation was demonstrated from GaP rod-type waveguides via difference-frequency-mixing of near-infrared light using a collinear phase-matching condition. THz output peaks were observed, and appeared at frequencies corresponding to the fundamental and high-order waveguide modes. Interestingly, the position of the fundamental mode shifted to a higher frequency for a smaller waveguide cross-section, which is attributed to the waveguide confinement of the THz wave. The conversion efficiency was enhanced in the waveguide with a cross section of 200 mumtimes160 mum as compared to that in bulk GaP crystals
Effects of dexmedetomidine on propofol and remifentanil infusion rates during total intravenous anesthesia for spine surgery in adolescents (2008)

The concomitant use of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing spinal fusion reduces propofol infusion requirements when compared with those patients receiving only propofol and remifentanil.
DNase Sda1 Allows Invasive M1T1 Group A Streptococcus to Prevent TLR9-Dependent Recognition (2012)

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) has developed a broad arsenal of virulence factors that serve to circumvent host defense mechanisms. The virulence factor DNase Sda1 of the hyperinvasive M1T1 GAS clone degrades DNA-based neutrophil extracellular traps allowing GAS to escape extracellular killing. TLR9 is activated by unmethylated CpG-rich bacterial DNA and enhances innate immune resistance. We hypothesized that Sda1 degradation of bacterial DNA could alter TLR9-mediated recognition of GAS by host innate immune cells. We tested this hypothesis using a dual approach: loss and gain of function of DNase in isogenic GAS strains and presence and absence of TLR9 in the host. Either DNA degradation by Sda1 or host deficiency of TLR9 prevented GAS induced IFN-α and TNF-α secretion from murine macrophages and contributed to bacterial survival. Similarly, in a murine necrotizing fasciitis model, IFN-α and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased in wild type mice infected with GAS expressing Sda1, whereas no such Sda1-dependent effect was seen in a TLR9-deficient background. Thus GAS Sda1 suppressed both the TLR9-mediated innate immune response and macrophage bactericidal activity. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism of bacterial innate immune evasion based on autodegradation of CpG-rich DNA by a bacterial DNase.
High Performance High-k MIM Capacitor with Plug-in Plate (PiP) for Power Delivery Line Hige-Speed MPUs (2006)

High-k MIM capacitor, compatible with Cu-BEOL, is developed for reduction of power-line noises in high-speed MPUs. In order to achieve high capacity as well as low leakage current at higher temperature, a binary composite oxide of TaZrO, mixing a high permittivity oxide and a low electron affinity one, is applied to the capacitor dielectric. Besides the material design, the fully-flat plug-in plate (PiP) structure on the Cu-interconnects is introduced to reduce the parasitic resistance of the capacitor plate along with the low leakage current. Combination of the TaN PiP with TaZrO is a significant feature for decoupling devices of power delivery systems in the high performance MPUs
Self‐amplifying sensory materials: energy migration in polymer semiconductors (2003)

Abstract Signal amplification for ultra‐sensitive detection has been achieved by energy migration in conjugated semiconducting polymeric assemblies. Critical to optimizing this effect is the synthesis of non‐aggregate polymers, the multidimensional directional transport of excited states (excitons), and extending the intrinsic excited state lifetime of conjugated polymers. We developed new water‐soluble non‐ionic conjugated polymers for use in biosensory applications, which can be used to provide highly sensitive/specific ultra‐trace detection that is immune to specificity problems that plauge ionic conjugated polymers.
Real-Options-Based Planning Strategies under Uncertainty (2004)

In this work, a real-options-based valuation (ROV) framework for hedging under uncertainty is developed. The basic idea of the proposed ROV methodology is the recognition and utilization of external market opportunities to guide internal planning decisions of a company. This is achieved by applying key financial planning principles such as arbitrage-free pricing and risk-neutral valuation to real, nonfinancial resource allocation decisions under uncertainty. Three application areas of the ROV methodology are described: production planning, pharmaceutical pipeline management, and emission trading. Multistage stochastic programming is used to incorporate uncertainty and a quantitative comparison of the ROV approach, and the traditional net-present-value (NPV) approach is provided.
Improving the CD linearity and proximity performance of photomasks written on the Sigma7500-II DUV laser writer through embedded OPC (2007)

Optical proximity correction (OPC) is widely used in wafer lithography to produce a printed image that best matches the
design intent while optimizing CD control. OPC software applies corrections to the mask pattern data, but in general it
does not compensate for the mask writer and mask process characteristics. The Sigma7500-II deep-UV laser mask writer
projects the image of a programmable spatial light modulator (SLM) using partially coherent optics similar to wafer
steppers, and the optical proximity effects of the mask writer are in principle correctable with established OPC methods.
To enhance mask patterning, an embedded OPC function, LinearityEqualizeTM, has been developed for the Sigma7500-
II that is transparent to the user and which does not degrade mask throughput. It employs a CalibreTM rule-based OPC
engine from Mentor Graphics, selected for the computational speed necessary for mask run-time execution. A multinode
cluster computer applies optimized table-based CD corrections to polygonized pattern data that is then fractured
into an internal writer format for subsequent data processing. This embedded proximity correction flattens the linearity
behavior for all linewidths and pitches, which targets to improve the CD uniformity on production photomasks.
Printing results show that the CD linearity is reduced to below 5 nm for linewidths down to 200 nm, both for clear and
dark and for isolated and dense features, and that sub-resolution assist features (SRAF) are reliably printed down to 120
nm. This reduction of proximity effects for main mask features and the extension of the practical resolution for SRAFs
expands the application space of DUV laser mask writing.
Robust 3D Localization of Underwater Optical Wireless Sensor Networks via Low Rank Matrix Completion (2018)

Location is one of the basic information required for underwater optical wireless sensor networks (UOWSNs) for three main purposes: 1) Relating the sensing measurements with precise sensor positions, 2) Enabling efficient routing techniques by exploiting the sensor locations, and 3) Sustaining link connectivity and performance via pointing and alignment mechanisms between the nodes. Even though various two-dimensional UOWSNs localization methods have been proposed in the past, the directivity of optical wireless communications and three dimensional (3D) deployment of sensors require to develop 3D underwater localization methods. Therefore, we propose a robust 3D localization method for partially connected UOWSNs with a limited number of anchors. The proposed method achieves an accurate 3D localization of all the nodes in the network by using a novel low-rank matrix approximation and outliers removal method. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the well known iterative majorization approach. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the iterative majorization method substantially.
&lt;title&gt;Optical gain and laser action in rhodamine-doped solid state PT-ORMOSIL composites&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

Optical gain and photostability have been investigated for several orange/red rhodamine laser dyes (RLDs) doped in the polydimethylsiloxane and tetraethoxysilane derived organically modified silicate (PT-ORMOSIL) composites. The RLDs in PT-ORMOSILs exhibit gain and stability comparable to those in methanol solution while substantially better than in the PMMA matrix. Broadband laser oscillations have been achieved in a free-running resonator with Rh610/PT-ORMOSIL as the gain medium. The lasing threshold and slope efficiency are found to be approximately 8 (mu) J and approximately 30%, respectively.
Successful treatment with fluoropyrimidine TS-1 of human papillomavirus type 16-detected multiple oral bowenoid papulosis in an elderly woman (2012)

ejd.2011.1630 Auteur(s) : Eiji Nakano1, Makoto Kunisada1 kunisada@med.kobe-u.ac.jp, Tetsuya Ikeda1, Ayuko Kikusawa1, Masashi Hirose1, Yasuyuki Shibuya2, Takahide Komori2, Chikako Nishigori 1 Division of Dermatology, 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan TS-1 is a newly developed anticancer drug composed of tegafur, which is a prodrug of 5-FU, gimestat (CDHP), and oteracil potassium (Oxo). CDHP inhibits the enzyme that degrades [...]
Presence of a Novel Phosphopentomutase and a 2-Deoxyribose 5-Phosphate Aldolase Reveals a Metabolic Link between Pentoses and Central Carbon Metabolism in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon <i>Thermococcus kodakaraensis</i> (2004)

Numerous bacteria and mammalian cells harbor two enzymes, phosphopentomutase (PPM) and 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase (DERA), involved in the interconversion between nucleosides and central carbon metabolism. In this study, we have examined the presence of this metabolic link in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1. A search of the genome sequence of this strain revealed the presence of a closely related orthologue (TK2104) of bacterial DERA genes while no orthologue related to previously characterized PPM genes could be detected. Expression, purification, and characterization of the TK2104 protein product revealed that this gene actually encoded a DERA, catalyzing the reaction through a class I aldolase mechanism. As PPM activity was detected in T. kodakaraensis cells, we partially purified the protein to examine its N-terminal amino acid sequence. The sequence corresponded to a gene (TK1777) similar to phosphomannomutases within COG1109 but not COG1015, which includes all previously identified PPMs. Heterologous gene expression of TK1777 and characterization of the purified recombinant protein clearly revealed that the gene indeed encoded a PPM. Both enzyme activities could be observed in T. kodakaraensis cells under glycolytic and gluconeogenic growth conditions, whereas the addition of ribose, 2-deoxyribose, and 2'-deoxynucleosides in the medium did not lead to a significant induction of these activities. Our results clearly indicate the presence of a metabolic link between pentoses and central carbon metabolism in T. kodakaraensis, providing an alternative route for pentose biosynthesis through the functions of DERA and a structurally novel PPM.
Syntheses of dinuclear carbonylates of the iron subgroup: [M2(CO)8]2- (M = Ru, Os) and [FeRu(CO)8]2-. Structures of [PPh4]2[FeRu(CO)8].cntdot.CH3CN and [PPh4]2[Fe2(CO)8].cntdot.2CH3CN (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of dinuclear carbonylates of the iron subgroup: [M2(CO)8]2- (M = Ru, Os) and [FeRu(CO)8]2-. Structures of [PPh4]2[FeRu(CO)8].cntdot.CH3CN and [PPh4]2[Fe2(CO)8].cntdot.2CH3CNNripendra K. Bhattacharyya, Tim J. Coffy, William Quintana, Terese A. Salupo, Jeffery C. Bricker, Timothy B. Shay, Martin Payne, and Sheldon G. ShoreCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 8, 2368–2374Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00158a038https://doi.org/10.1021/om00158a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Global transcriptomics analysis of the Desulfovibrio vulgaris change from syntrophic growth with Methanosarcina barkeri to sulfidogenic metabolism (2010)

Desulfovibrio vulgaris is a metabolically flexible micro-organism. It can use sulfate as an electron acceptor to catabolize a variety of substrates, or in the absence of sulfate can utilize organic acids and alcohols by forming a syntrophic association with a hydrogen-scavenging partner to relieve inhibition by hydrogen. These alternative metabolic types increase the chance of survival for D. vulgaris in environments where one of the potential external electron acceptors becomes depleted. In this work, whole-genome D. vulgaris microarrays were used to determine relative transcript levels as D. vulgaris shifted its metabolism from syntrophic in a lactate-oxidizing dual-culture with Methanosarcina barkeri to a sulfidogenic metabolism. Syntrophic dual-cultures were grown in two independent chemostats and perturbation was introduced after six volume changes with the addition of sulfate. The results showed that 132 genes were differentially expressed in D. vulgaris 2 h after addition of sulfate. Functional analyses suggested that genes involved in cell envelope and energy metabolism were the most regulated when comparing syntrophic and sulfidogenic metabolism. Upregulation was observed for genes encoding ATPase and the membrane-integrated energy-conserving hydrogenase (Ech) when cells shifted to a sulfidogenic metabolism. A five-gene cluster encoding several lipoproteins and membrane-bound proteins was downregulated when cells were shifted to a sulfidogenic metabolism. Interestingly, this gene cluster has orthologues found only in another syntrophic bacterium, Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans, and four recently sequenced Desulfovibrio strains. This study also identified several novel c-type cytochrome-encoding genes, which may be involved in the sulfidogenic metabolism.
A 60-GHz UWB pulse generator with fast start-up and extinction using injection conditions (2014)

This paper describes a pulse generator (PG) for an UWB transmitter in the 60-GHz band designed in CMOS 65-nm technology. The circuit targets applications like fast data exchange between devices in a short range. In this paper we propose a new architecture of a PG with optimized start-up and extinction time, and spectral control. The circuit consists of a Switched Pulse-Injected Oscillator (SPIO). The oscillator is switched on-and-off at a frequency corresponding to the data rate and generates oscillations in the 60-GHz band. The SPIO draws 5.2 mA at 2 GHz data rate under 1.2 V voltage supply. For continuous wave simulations, the oscillator offers a phase noise of -113.4 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz from the 60-GHz carrier, and a tuning range of 6.2 GHz from 56.1 GHz to 62.3 GHz.
A crash course on patents for engineers (2013)

Most engineers are aware of the existence of patents. Indeed the preparation of patent disclosures is an important aspect of most research engineering job functions. Yet for many engineers the world of patents remains shrouded in a cloud of mystery. In this paper we try to dispel some of the mystery surround the quasi-technical, quasi-legal nature of patents and provide a set of practical, hand-on, guidelines to the patent literature from an engineer's perspective.
A sige-based 140-GHz four-channel radar sensor with digital beamforming capability (2012)

This paper presents a multi-channel radar sensor operating at 140 GHz. The sensor employs fundamental-wave SiGe-based chips that feature HBTs with 340-GHz ƒ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> . A separate voltage-controlled oscillator chip provides the LO signal with frequencies from 136 to 150GHz for four cascaded transceiver chips. The saturated transceiver output power is approximately 4 dBm, the maximum receiver gain is 19.5 dB, and the minimum double-sideband noise figure is 13.5 dB. The equivalent isotropically radiated power of a single channel is 5 dBm. The sensor was field-tested with frequency-modulated continuous-wave chirps from 140 to 145 GHz. Targets were resolved in range and angle by means of digital beamforming.
Flavivirus Infection of<i>Ixodes scapularis</i>(Black-Legged Tick)<i>Ex Vivo</i>Organotypic Cultures and Applications for Disease Control (2017)

<i>Ixodes scapularis</i> ticks transmit many infectious agents that cause disease, including tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs). TBFV infections cause thousands of human encephalitis cases worldwide annually. In the United States, human TBFV infections with Powassan virus (POWV) are increasing and have a fatality rate of 10 to 30%. Additionally, Langat virus (LGTV) is a TBFV of low neurovirulence and is used as a model TBFV. TBFV replication and dissemination within <i>I. scapularis</i> organs are poorly characterized, and a deeper understanding of virus biology in this vector may inform effective countermeasures to reduce TBFV transmission. Here, we describe short-term, <i>I. scapularis</i> organ culture models of TBFV infection. <i>Ex vivo</i> organs were metabolically active for 9 to 10 days and were permissive to LGTV and POWV replication. Imaging and videography demonstrated replication and spread of green fluorescent protein-expressing LGTV in the organs. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed LGTV envelope and POWV protein synthesis within the infected organs. LGTV- and POWV-infected organs produced infectious LGTV and POWV; thus, the <i>ex vivo</i> cultures were suitable for study of virus replication in individual organs. LGTV- and POWV-infected midgut and salivary glands were subjected to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) transfection with dsRNA to the LGTV 3' untranslated region (UTR), which reduced infectious LGTV and POWV replication, providing a proof-of-concept use of RNA interference in <i>I. scapularis</i> organ cultures to study the effects on TBFV replication. The results contribute important information on TBFV localization within <i>ex vivo I. scapularis</i> organs and provide a significant translational tool for evaluating recombinant, live vaccine candidates and potential tick transcripts and proteins for possible therapeutic use and vaccine development to reduce TBFV transmission.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Tick-borne flavivirus (TBFV) infections cause neurological and/or hemorrhagic disease in humans worldwide. There are currently no licensed therapeutics or vaccines against Powassan virus (POWV), the only TBFV known to circulate in North America. Evaluating tick vector targets for antitick vaccines directed at reducing TBFV infection within the arthropod vector is a critical step in identifying efficient approaches to controlling TBFV transmission. This study characterized infection of female <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> tick organ cultures of midgut, salivary glands, and synganglion with the low-neurovirulence Langat virus (LGTV) and the more pathogenic POWV. Cell types of specific organs were susceptible to TBFV infection, and a difference in LGTV and POWV replication was noted in TBFV-infected organs. This tick organ culture model of TBFV infection will be useful for various applications, such as screening of tick endogenous dsRNA corresponding to potential control targets within midgut and salivary glands to confirm restriction of TBFV infection.
Remembering where we are: Positional information in salamander limb regeneration (2020)

Fifty years ago, Lewis Wolpert defined an important question in developmental biology: how are cell fates determined by the positions of cells within a system? He proposed that cells retain positional values as if they lie within a coordinate system and that the interpretation of these values produces patterns in development. He referred to this concept as positional information. Though initially controversial, this concept of positional information has proven to be profoundly influential in developmental biology. One area in which the influence of Wolpert's theoretical work can be clearly demonstrated is the study of limb regeneration in salamanders. Here, we review the work in limb regeneration leading up to Wolpert defining the concept of positional information and how his theory has guided regeneration research over the subsequent 50 years.