gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excess distortion in lossy compression: Beyond one-shot analysis (2015)

The problem of finite-blocklength lossy compression under an excess-distortion constraint is considered. If the blocklength constraint comes from the length of the source sequence itself, the excess rate needed above the rate-distortion function decays inversely proportional to the square root of the blocklength, according to second-order (dispersion) analysis. We consider a different case, where the source emits a long sequence, but shorter sub-sequences are considered for reasons such as delay, complexity and smoothness of the reconstruction fidelity. We analyze the redundancy of the rate with respect to different constraints. We show that the rate redundancy with respect to the processing blocklength, i.e. the dimension of the quantizer used, decays much faster than the dispersion analysis suggests. Thus, one may use much shorter source codes without sacrificing second-order performance.
Oxidative stress responses of gulf killifish exposed to hydrocarbons from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Potential implications for aquatic food resources (2013)

Ecosystem effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remain under investigation following the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Fundulus grandis, an established indicator of aquatic ecosystem health, was investigated because this species shares genes and biochemical pathways with higher trophic-level fish and plays an important role in the gulf food chain. Oxidative stress responses including hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and serum antioxidant capacity were evaluated in fish exposed to PAHs. Fish were exposed to water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of crude oil (7.0 ± 0.10 mg/L C6-C28) after which solutions were diluted below the level of detection over 8 h using 15 ppt aerated artificial seawater. Before euthanasia, fish remained in aquaria for 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h. Three replicate experiments were conducted at each time point using unexposed fish as experimental controls. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in CYP1A induction were observed in exposed versus control fish at 24 h. Expression of CYP1A increased by 25%, 66%, and 23% in exposed fish at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, respectively. Significant increases were observed in antioxidant capacity of nonenzymatic antioxidants in exposed versus control fish at each time point. Given the activity of CYP1A, radicals formed during PAH detoxification likely resulted in increased oxidant load requiring elevated antioxidant defenses. Research is needed to determine the duration of oxidative stress responses considering the potential for lipid oxidation in exposed fish or species feeding on exposed fish.
A subspace-based parameter estimation algorithm for Nakagami-m fading channels (2010)

Estimation of channel fading parameters is an important task in the design of communication links such as maximum ratio combining (MRC). The MRC weights are directly related to the fading channel coefficients. In this paper, we propose a subspace based parameter estimation algorithm for the estimation of the parameters of Nakagami-m fading channels in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. Comparisons of our proposed approach are made with other techniques available in the literature. The performance of the algorithm with respect to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is investigated. Computer simulation results for different signal to noise ratios (SNR) are presented.
Abnormal development of the sinuatrial venous valve and posterior hindbrain may contribute to late fetal resorption of vitamin A-deficient rat embryos (2000)

These results support an essential role for retinoid signaling between the late gastrula and early somite stages in the rat embryo for normal morphogenesis of the primitive heart tube and the posterior hindbrain. Further, these results suggest that embryonic death occurring at midgestation in the VAD rat may be linked to the abnormal development of one or both of these embryonic structures.
2203 High Functionality of Titanium Powder Injection Molding by Nitriding (2005)

In this study, gas nitriding was processed for various sizes of Titanium parts which were produced by metal injection molding (MIM) process, for the sake of enabling the high functionality at low processing cost. It was shown from the experiments that nitriding treatment resulted in increasing hardness on the surface and the microstructure changed to the TiN and acicular α-Ti phase. To effect on the size of parts, micro dumbbell specimen had around five times higher content of nitrogen than block ones. It is concluded that the size of μ-MIM products is so small that surface treatment can contribute significantly to improve the properties, and then gas nitriding process is one of effective surface treatment methods for high functionality of μ-MIM products.
Observation of 1-nm-High Structures on a Si(001) Surface Using a Differential Interference Optical Microscope (1995)

A Si(001) clean surface is oxidized by exposure to air and the step-band structures on the oxidized surface are observed using a differential interference optical microscope in air. The step-bands observed consist of many monatomic steps. Electromigration, induced using alternating-current heating, splits the step-band into steps on the Si(001) surface. The number of monatomic steps is counted after alternating-current heating and the height of the step-band is determined to be about 1 nm. Using a differential interference microscope, it is possible to observe structures with height of nanometer-order on a Si(001) surface.
Seed Size and Oil Content Are Key Determinants of Seedling Vigor in Gossypium hirsutum (2014)

Despite the plethora of information on seed characteristics and seedling vigor in cotton, the near-continuous release of new cultivars coupled with limited information on seedling vigor for field conditions necessitates re-evaluation of seed characteristics important for vigorous seedling growth and plant establishment. Consequently, seedling vigor (fresh weight at the 2 to 3 leaf stage) and stand establishment were evaluated for 11 cotton cultivars across five locations in Georgia during the 2012 growing season. Seed size, seed oil content, and seed protein content were also evaluated for each cultivar. Cultivar differences in seedling vigor existed under field conditions for the genotypes evaluated. Genotypic correlations and regression analysis revealed a negative relationship between oil (%) and protein contents for quiescent seeds (r2 = 0.945). Additionally, positive relationships were observed between seedling vigor and total seed oil content (r2 = 0.573), and seedling vigor and seed size (r2 = 0.642). Cultivar differences existed in germination responses to incubation time and temperature, but these responses were not necessarily predictive of seedling vigor. These data indicate that information on seed oil content and seed size could help identify cultivars or seed sources with potential for high seedling vigor for use in production scenarios where reduced seedling vigor may limit productivity.
High-Temperature SiC Power Module with Integrated SiC Gate Drivers for Future High-Density Power Electronics Applications (2016)

This paper presents the testing results of an all-silicon carbide (SiC) intelligent power module (IPM) for use in future high-density power electronics applications. The IPM has high-temperature capability and contains both SiC power devices and SiC gate driver integrated circuits (ICs). The high-temperature capability of the SiC gate driver ICs allows for them to be packaged into the power module and be located physically close to the power devices. This provides a distinct advantage by reducing the gate driver loop inductance, which promotes high frequency operation, while also reducing the overall volume of the system through higher levels of integration. The power module was tested in a bridgeless-boost converter to showcase the performance of the module in a system level application. The converter was initially operated with a switching frequency of 200 kHz with a peak output power of approximately 5 kW. The efficiency of the converter was then evaluated experimentally and optimized by increasing the overdrive voltage on the SiC gate driver ICs. Overall a peak efficiency of 97.7% was measured at 3.0 kW output. The converter s switching frequency was then increased to 500 kHz to prove the high frequency capability of the power module was then pushed to its limits and operated at a switching frequency of 500 kHz. With no further optimization of components, the converter was able to operate under these conditions and showed a peak efficiency of 95.0% at an output power of 2.1 kW.
Plasma Nanoparticle Synthesis: Luminescent Colloidal Dispersion of Silicon Quantum Dots from Microwave Plasma Synthesis: Exploring the Photoluminescence Behavior Across the Visible Spectrum (Adv. Funct. Mater. 5/2009) (2009)

The cover picture shows a view into the plasma zone of a microwave plasma reactor, which is used to synthesize macroscopic quantities of single crystalline silicon nanoparticles with a very high production rate. These nanoparticles exhibit bright luminescence across the visible spectrum. On page 696, the authors report that the emission of such silicon nanoparticles can be tuned by changing their size and surface chemistry.
Assessments of antibody biodistribution (2015)

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics are in use for several disease conditions, and have generally shown excellent clinical benefit, in large part due to their high specificity and affinity for target proteins. As this therapeutic class continues to grow in size, improved understanding of the mechanisms controlling mAb biodistribution and protein binding may be expected to allow better prediction of safety and efficacy. Due to the large size and polarity of antibodies, rates of mAb distribution and elimination are typically much slower than those reported for small molecule drugs. Additionally, high affinity interaction with target proteins will often influence mAb pharmacokinetics, leading to complex, nonlinear tissue distribution and elimination. In this report, we summarize key determinants of mAb disposition, methods for assessing antibody exposure and protein binding, and model-based approaches that may be utilized to predict mAb pharmacokinetics.
Sortase C-Mediated Anchoring of BasI to the Cell Wall Envelope of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (2007)

Vegetative forms of Bacillus anthracis replicate in tissues of an infected host and precipitate lethal anthrax disease. Upon host death, bacilli form dormant spores that contaminate the environment, thereby gaining entry into new hosts where spores germinate and once again replicate as vegetative forms. We show here that sortase C, an enzyme that is required for the formation of infectious spores, anchors BasI polypeptide to the envelope of predivisional sporulating bacilli. BasI anchoring to the cell wall requires the active site cysteine of sortase C and an LPNTA motif sorting signal at the C-terminal end of the BasI precursor. The LPNTA motif of BasI is cleaved between the threonine (T) and the alanine (A) residue; the C-terminal carboxyl group of threonine is subsequently amide linked to the side chain amino group of diaminopimelic acid within the wall peptides of B. anthracis peptidoglycan.
Multifunctional Plasmonic Nanorattles for Spectrum‐Guided Locoregional Therapy (2013)

Locoregional death of cancer cells (in vitro) is induced by ablation of plasmonic nanorattles combined with triggered release of a chemotherapeutic drug from the nanorattles. Completion of the therapy process is indicated by a "Raman signal flip" between the two reporters of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probe. The nanorattles enable targeted delivery of payload and simultaneous monitoring of the payload release and the therapy process.
Abgasnachbehandlung (2010)

Bisher wurde die Emissionsminderung beim Dieselmotor vorwiegend durch inner motorische Maßnahmen bewirkt. Bei vielen Diesel-Fahrzeugen werden die vom Motor freigesetzten Emissionen (Rohemissionen) jedoch die zukünftig in Europa, den USA und Japan geltenden Emissionsgrenzwerte überschreiten. Die erforderlichen hohen Minderungsraten lassen sich voraussichtlich nur durch eine effiziente Kombination von innermotorischen und nachmotorischen Maßnahmen erreichen. Analog zur bewährten Vorgehensweise bei Benzinfahrzeugen werden deshalb auch für Dieselfahrzeuge verstärkt Systeme zur Abgas – nachbehandlung (nachmotorische Emis sions minderung) entwickelt.
The pharmacokinetics of oral carbamazepine in rats dosed using an automated drug delivery system (2019)

Oral administration of CBZ dosed q.i.d. in rats using an automated drug delivery system results in therapeutic concentrations of CBZ and its active metabolite. This study represents the first PK validation for this previously described preclinical drug delivery system.
Structure of terphenyldiol dibenzoate (1992)

C 32 H 22 O 4 cristallise dans P2 1 2 1 2 1 avec a = 6,720, b = 11,618 et c = 30,452 A, Z = 4; affinement jusqu'a R = 0,0558. La molecule est symetrique avec les groupes phenyl non planaires.
ERUDITE: Human-in-the-Loop IoT for an Adaptive Personalized Learning System (2023)

Thanks to the rapid growth in wearable technologies and recent advancement in machine learning and signal processing, monitoring complex human contexts becomes feasible, paving the way to develop human-in-the-loop IoT systems that naturally evolve to adapt to the human and environment state autonomously. Nevertheless, a central challenge in designing many of these IoT systems arises from the requirement to infer the human mental state, such as intention, stress, cognition load, or learning ability. While different human contexts can be inferred from the fusion of different sensor modalities that can correlate to a particular mental state, the human brain provides a richer sensor modality that gives us more insights into the required human context. This paper proposes ERUDITE, a human-in-the-loop IoT system for the learning environment that exploits recent wearable neurotechnology to decode brain signals. Through insights from concept learning theory, ERUDITE can infer the human state of learning and understand when human learning increases or declines. By quantifying human learning as an input sensory signal, ERUDITE can provide adequate personalized feedback to humans in a learning environment to enhance their learning experience. ERUDITE is evaluated across $15$ participants and showed that by using the brain signals as a sensor modality to infer the human learning state and providing personalized adaptation to the learning environment, the participants' learning performance increased on average by $26\%$. Furthermore, we showed that ERUDITE can be deployed on an edge-based prototype to evaluate its practicality and scalability.
Administration of Harmine and Imipramine Alters Creatine Kinase and Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Activities in the Rat Brain (2011)

The present study evaluated mitochondrial respiratory chain and creatine kinase activities after administration of harmine (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) and imipramine (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) in rat brain. After acute treatment occurred an increase of creatine kinase in the prefrontal with imipramine (20 and 30 mg/kg) and harmine in all doses, in the striatum with imipramine (20 and 30 mg/kg) and harmine (5 and 10 mg/kg); harmine (15 mg/kg) decreased creatine kinase. In the chronic treatment occurred an increase of creatine kinase with imipramine (20 mg/kg), harmine (5 mg/kg) in the prefrontal with imipramine (20 and 30 mg/kg) and harmine (5 and 10 mg/kg) in the striatum. In the acute treatment, the complex I increased in the prefrontal with harmine (15 mg/kg) and in the striatum with harmine (10 mg/kg); the complex II decreased with imipramine (20 and 30 mg/kg) in the striatum; the complex IV increased with imipramine (30 mg/kg) in the striatum. In the chronic treatment, the complex I increased with harmine (5 mg/kg) in the prefrontal; the complex II increased with imipramine (20 mg/kg) in the prefrontal; the complex IV increased with harmine (5 mg/kg) in the striatum. Finally, these findings further support the hypothesis that harmine and imipramine could be involved in mitochondrial function.
Fractional Skin Harvesting (2013)

Full-thickness columns of skin can be harvested in large quantities with negligible long-term donor-site morbidity, and these columns can be applied directly to skin wounds to enhance wound healing.
Oxidation of Various Secondary Amines to Imines with <i>N-tert-</i>Butylphenylsulfinimidoyl Chloride (2001)

Abstract Various secondary amines were smoothly oxidized to the corresponding imines at −78 °C by using N-tert-butylphenylsulfinimidoyl chloride and DBU.
Fourier filtering of hyperspectral imagery of space objects to reduce camera noise (1995)

The collection of spatial-spectral data of space objects is unique from most applications of spectral imaging technology. Space object identification requires collection of multiple frames of relatively low intensity, fast moving targets. The objective is to collect a single aggregate reflectance spectrum over the satellite and correlate this to orientation and solar phase angle. Higher statistical signal-to-noise can be achieved by averaging over the spatial dimension of a data frame. Blur was introduced by the tracking conditions in only the spatial dimension due to the design of the instrument. This blur allows some minimization of camera noise that cannot be removed through conventional techniques.
Abacavir–Lamivudine versus Tenofovir–Emtricitabine for Initial HIV-1 Therapy (2009)

In patients with screening HIV-1 RNA levels of 100,000 copies per milliliter or more, the times to virologic failure and the first adverse event were both significantly shorter in patients randomly assigned to abacavir-lamivudine than in those assigned to tenofovir DF-emtricitabine. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00118898.)
[Good results of fasciotomy in chronic compartment syndrome of the lower leg]. (1996)

Closed fasciotomy in a demonstrated chronic compartmental syndrome in most cases gave good results, viz. attenuation of symptoms and a decrease of the intramuscular pressure, especially after exercise.
Application of 50 Hz superconductors close to self field conditions (1995)

Applications of 50 Hz superconductors like the transformer and the fault current limiter correspond to relatively low magnetic fields, so that AC losses and stability are mainly governed by the conductor self field. AC loss calculations as they are performed in most cases for superconductors, are based on the Bean critical state model which states that everywhere in a superconductor, the current density has a modulus equal to the critical current density J/sub c/. This model is applicable when the superconducting transition E(J) is very sharp, but sizeable discrepancies appear for 50 Hz superconductors, as they present a relatively smooth superconducting transition. AC loss calculations have been developed using the Maxwell equations combined with the actual E(J) relationship. The heat generation in the conductor is then used as an input for a numerical calculation of the temperature distribution through the superconductor. The stability limits are directly derived from the thermal model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplemental Figure S2 from Potentiation of Carboplatin-Mediated DNA Damage by the Mdm2 Modulator Nutlin-3a in a Humanized Orthotopic Breast-to-Lung Metastatic Model (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Total apoptosis/necrosis in normal fibroblast cells.&lt;/p&gt;
NADPH oxidase activation in pancreatic cancer cells is mediated through Akt-dependent up-regulation of p22 . (2013)

The data for the MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells lines in Fig.
Multi-combination therapy for temozolomide-resistant GBM: identification of temozolomide/small molecule inhibitor combinations that target the MDM2/p53 and PI3K-AKT/mTOR networks (2021)

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain cancer in adults. Induction of the DNA damage response pathway by Temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA alkylating agent, activates p53 resulting in apoptosis. GBM can adapt by upregulatingthe pro-survival pathway regulator Protein Kinase B (AKT), which phosphorylates murine double minute 2 (MDM2) resulting in increased MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination. We hypothesize that a combination treatment of blood-brain-barrier penetrant small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) to AKT (GDC-0068) and MDM2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor (RG7388), will stabilize p53 expression and potentiate TMZ-mediated effects in a recurrent p53wt GBM xenoline. Methods: Dose response assays followed by Calcusyn statistical analysis determined optimal combination dose ratios. Incucyte imaging analyzedconfluence throughout a treatment cycle. Cellular response was characterized by: 1) Western blotting 2) Flow cytometry with SPiDER β-Gal and FITC Annexin V/ Propidium Iodide to quantify senescent and apoptotic cells, respectively 3) p53 siRNA knockdown to examine p53 dependency in treated cells. Results: Combination index identified synergismof TMZ in the presence of AKT and MDM2 inhibitors at clinically achievable concentrations. Incucyte confirmed a low-dose triple combination significantly inhibited tumor growth. Western blots detected low expression of cleaved PARP and elevated expression of p53 and p21 in RG7388-treated cells compared to vehicle, suggesting senescence-related growth inhibition. SPiDER β-Gal and FITC Annexin V/PI assays confirmed a high percentage of senescent cells and minimal apoptosis following combination treatment compared to vehicle or single SMI-treated cells. P53 siRNA knockdown confirmed that cell growth inhibition is p53 dependent in treated cells. Conclusion: This study provides rationale for targeting p53 in recurrent p53wt GBM and reveals that senescence could function as a potential therapeutic resistance mechanism. In future studies, targeting of the MDM2-p53 network in the presence of a SM senescence inhibitor will be evaluated to determine if this increases GBM cell death.
Natural History of Fetuses with Cleft Lip (1999)

The prospect of fetal surgery for cleft lip is predicated on our ability to accurately identify fetuses with clefts and exclude those that have associated anomalies. Prenatal ultrasound is currently the most appropriate means with which to do this. We reviewed the ultrasonographic data from two large perinatal referral institutions to determine the natural history of fetuses with cleft lip who may be candidates for fetal surgery. Forty fetuses had a cleft lip diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound. In this group, severe associated anomalies were common (30 of the 40) and multiple (23 of the 40) in a majority of fetuses. Life-threatening anomalies, such as central nervous system and cardiac anomalies, were the most common defects. As a result, many fetuses were aborted therapeutically or died in the perinatal period. Out of 12 surviving fetuses, only six had isolated clefts, and two surviving fetuses, diagnosed with isolated cleft lip, had no defect identified postnatally. This information has important implications for the perinatal management of fetuses with cleft lip and the potential role of fetal intervention.
Criteria for generalized and focal osteoarthritis. (1996)

The statistical analysis provided a classification system that would be easy to use in everyday clinical practice. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the potential clinical relevance of this system.