gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subtyping group‐specific component or esterase D using the same ultrathin‐layer polyacrylamide gel format (1986)

Abstract An ultrathin‐layer polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing gel is described for obtaining highly resolved, nondistorted, reproducible patterns for group‐specific component (Gc) or esterase D (EsD) subtyping. The 1F, 1S, 2 and 1A1 bands of the Gc system were all typeable by isoelectric focusing alone. All common EsD allelic products were easily resolved. Typing Gc or EsD derived from bloodstains was also demonstrated.
Fuelling the female athlete: Carbohydrate and protein recommendations (2021)

Optimal carbohydrate and protein intakes are vital for modulating training adaptation, recovery, and exercise performance. However, the research base underpinning contemporary sport nutrition guidelines has largely been conducted in male populations with a lack of consensus on whether the menstrual phase and associated changes in sex hormones allow broad application of these principles to female athletes. The present review will summarise our current understanding of carbohydrate and protein requirements in female athletes across the menstrual cycle and provide a critical analysis on how they compare to male athletes. On the basis of current evidence, we consider it premature to conclude that female athletes require sex specific guidelines in relation to CHO or protein requirements provided energy needs are met. However, there is a need for further research using sport-specific competition and training related exercise protocols that rigorously control for prior exercise, CHO/energy intake, contraceptive use and phase of menstrual cycle. Our overarching recommendation is to use current recommendations as a basis for adopting an individualised approach that takes into account athlete specific training and competition goals whilst also considering personal symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle.
Recovering data semantics from XML documents into DTD graph with SAX (2006)

Abstract:- We propose a systematic approach to reverse engineer arbitrary XML documents to their conceptual schema, DTD Graphs. The necessity for doing so is due to the fact that XML documents are frequently used for storing structured data and their schemas, such as in Document Type Definition (DTD) format, are missing, especially for those existing historical XML documents. As such, it is difficult for software developers or end users to make use of them. Even the schemas exist, they are difficult to read and undetermined of the underlying relationships among the elements in the documents. In view of this, it is necessary to determine the data semantics from the XML documents. If the DTDs of the XML documents exist with the identifications of the ID/IDREF(S) type attributes, then more data semantics can be derived. Another application of the determined data semantics is to verify the linkages implemented by ID/IDREF(S). If the element is referring to an incorrect XML element type, an extra data semantic will be determined as a result, and such findings can be used for verification purposes. Furthermore, the approaches proposed in this paper use Simple API for XML (SAX) so that the algorithms are applicable to small to huge sized XML documents.
Combined Topical Use of Silver Sulfadiazine and Antibiotics as a Possible Solution to Bacterial Resistance in Burn Wounds (1988)

The superior efficacy of quinolones (norfloxacin, pefloxacin, and enoxacin) in controlling burn wound infections signals the discovery of new topical agents. However, there are a few reports on the emergence of resistant mutants to quinolones. Since attempts to develop AgSD resistant strains in vitro were unsuccessful and the emergence of AgSD resistance in vivo is a rare occurrence, we decided to investigate if the combined use of AgSD with other effective antibiotics, especially quinolones, would minimize the development of resistant bacteria. Our in vitro results indicate that when Ps. aeruginosa cultures were serially transferred 10 times through subinhibitory concentrations of norfloxacin, pefloxacin, etc., the MIC increased 40 times while when the cultures were passed through a combination of AgSD and these quinolones, the MIC of quinolones increased only tenfold. In vivo, when burned mice infected with either AgSD sensitive or resistant Ps. aeruginosa strains were treated with a topical cream containing 10mM silver sulfadiazine and 5mM norfloxacin or 5mM pefloxacin, the mortality was much lower than that of 10mM silver sulfadiazine alone or 5mM quinolones alone. Thus, combined use of silver sulfadiazine and quinolones appears to diminish the ability of Ps. aeruginosa strains to form resistant mutants. Furthermore, when the combination is used as a topical agent in burn wounds, lesser amounts of the individual drug are needed to control infection thereby reducing the toxic effects, if any, associated with these drugs. This combination does not in any way interfere with the antifungal or antibacterial properties of these individual drugs.
Maximizing randomness in ring oscillators for security applications (2011)

Existing works on generating random bits by ring oscillators (ROs) mostly do not have detailed analysis on phase noise and jitter which are the entropy source of a random number generator. This paper analyzes the suitability of existing ROs for random number generation and possible improvements in order to increase the randomness of a RO. Randomness equations are derived, to understand efficiency of these derivations, hand calculation and simulation results are compared. For this purpose, two cases are studied: Inverter-based Ring Oscillators (IbRO) and Differential Ring Oscillators (DROs). 0.35μm standard CMOS process has been used with a supply voltage of 3.3V for designs and analysis. For both ROs, randomness increases with decreasing energy. It is also observed that randomness of DRO does not have dependence on V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> as strong as in IbRO. Furthermore, for a given oscillation frequency, DRO exhibits 48 times more randomness than inverter-based one. Therefore, for random number applications, DRO is more suitable in terms of randomness that they produce.
The effect of dissipation on the resistive admittance of an elastic medium (2012)

The effect of dissipation on the real part of the admittance of an elastic half-space is typically thought to be unimportant if the loss factor ζ of the elastic medium is small. However, dissipation induces losses in the near field of the source and, provided the size of the source is small enough, this phenomenon can be more important than elastic wave radiation. Such losses give rise to a fundamental limit in the quality factor of an oscillator attached to a substrate. Near field losses associated with strains in the elastic substrate can actually be larger than intrinsic losses in the oscillator itself if the internal friction of the substrate is larger than the internal friction of the oscillator. For a uniform stress applied to a disk of radius a, a monopole source, such phenomena become significant for k(L)a<ζ, while for higher order multipole sources of order l, near field losses are important for (k(L)a)(l+1)<ζ, a far less restrictive constraint.
Total Syntheses of the Structures Assigned to the Marine Natural Products Orthoscuticellines A–E (2022)

The readily prepared and vinylated β-carboline <b>11</b> has been converted over one or two steps into compounds <b>1</b>-<b>5</b>, the structures assigned to the recently reported marine natural products orthoscuticellines A-E. The spectral data recorded on the synthetically derived compounds are fully consistent with the assigned structures and, on making allowances for variations in the pH of the medium in which the spectra of the natural products were recorded, it is concluded that the structures assigned to orthoscuticellines A-E are most likely correct. Certainly, the calculated <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra of the α-, γ-, and δ-carboline isomers of compounds <b>1</b>-<b>5</b> suggest that orthoscuticellines A-E do incorporate the assigned β-carboline core.
A visual sensor network for object recognition: Testbed realization (2013)

This work describes the implementation of an object recognition service on top of energy and resource-constrained hardware. A complete pipeline for object recognition based on the BRISK visual features is implemented on Intel Imote2 sensor devices. The reference implementation is used to assess the performance of the object recognition pipeline in terms of processing time and recognition accuracy.
Factorized covariance intersection for scalable partial state decentralized data fusion (2016)

We propose a new conditionally factorized covariance intersection (CI) algorithm for performing partial state decentralized data fusion (DDF). This is relevant for sensor networks where platforms must deal with mixed heterogeneous state estimation problems, e.g. due to coupling between uncertainties in shared subsets of externally monitored process states and private platform states. Our approach enables scalable robust conservative DDF in ad hoc networks through fusion only of external process state estimates that are jointly monitored by neighboring platforms, while still enabling updates to private platform state information via conditional inference. We also propose an additional enhancement to factorized CI which helps to minimize unnecessary local information losses due to conservative data fusion. A networked multi-platform target tracking simulation is provided to demonstrate the proposed approach, which can be extended to other Bayesian DDF applications involving networked fusion of heterogeneous state vectors.
Impact of diurnal temperature variation on grape berry development, proanthocyanidin accumulation, and the expression of flavonoid pathway genes (2012)

Little is known about the impact of temperature on proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation in grape skins, despite its significance in berry composition and wine quality. Field-grown grapes (cv. Merlot) were cooled during the day or heated at night by +/-8 °C, from fruit set to véraison in three seasons, to determine the effect of temperature on PA accumulation. Total PA content per berry varied only in one year, when PA content was highest in heated berries (1.46 mg berry(-1)) and lowest in cooled berries (0.97 mg berry(-1)). In two years, cooling berries resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of (-)-epigallocatechin as an extension subunit. In the third year, rates of berry development, PA accumulation, and the expression levels of several genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were assessed. Heating and cooling berries altered the initial rates of PA accumulation, which was correlated strongly with the expression of core genes in the flavonoid pathway. Both heating and cooling altered the rate of berry growth and coloration, and the expression of several structural genes within the flavonoid pathway.
Relationship between polymer chain conformation and phase boundaries in a supercritical fluid (1997)

We investigate the solvent density driven changes in polymer conformation and phase behavior that occur in a supercritical fluid, with a particular emphasis on conditions near the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase boundary. Using continuous space Monte Carlo simulations, the mean square end-to-end distance (R) and radius of gyration (Rg) are calculated for a single chain with 20 Lennard-Jones segments in a monomeric solvent over a broad range of densities and temperatures. The chains collapse as temperature increases at constant pressure, or as density decreases at constant temperature. A minimum in R and Rg occurs at a temperature slightly above the coil-to-globule transition temperature (C-GTT), where the chain adopts a quasi-ideal conformation, defined by the balance of binary attractive and repulsive interactions. Expanded ensemble simulations of finite-concentration polymer–solvent mixtures reveal that the LCST phase boundary correlates well with the single chain C-GTT. At temperatures well above the LCST, the chain expands again suggesting an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase boundary above the LCST.
Computer Designed PRC2 Inhibitor, EBdCas9, Reveals Functional TATA boxes in Distal Promoter Regions (2020)

Summary The critical process in development, bifurcation of cellular fates, requires epigenetic H3K27me3 marks propagated by PRC2 complex. However, the precise chromatin loci of functional H3K27me3 marks are not yet known. Here we identify critical PRC2 functional sites at a single nucleosome resolution. We fused a computationally designed protein, EED binder (EB) that competes with EZH2 and thereby disrupts PRC2 function, to dCas9 (EBdCas9) to direct PRC2 inhibition at a precise locus using gRNA. We targeted EBdCas9 to 4 different genes ( TBX18, p16, CDX2 and GATA3 ) and observed epigenetic remodeling at a single nucleosome resolution resulting in gene activation. Remarkably, while traditional TATA box is located 30bp upstream of TSS, we identified a functional TATA box, &gt;500bp of TSS, normally repressed by PRC2 complex. Deletion of this TATA box eliminates EBdCas9 dependent TBP recruitment and transcriptional activation. Targeting EBdCas9 to CDX2 and GATA3 results in trophoblast trans-differentiation. EBdCas9 technology is broadly applicable for epigenetic regulation at a single locus to control gene expression. Graphical Abstract
INFLUÊNCIA DA PRESSÃO NA ABSORÇÃO DE OXIGÊNIO (2006)

propriedades mecnicas satisfatrias at 11,1 MPa Entretanto, so pouco conhecidos as influncias e os limites operacionais dos gases ativos, principalmente do oxignio e do dixido de carbono, adicionados no gs de proteo.
Comparative Evaluation of a Newly Developed Trunk-Based Tree Detection/Localization Strategy on Leaf-Off LiDAR Point Clouds with Varying Characteristics (2022)

LiDAR data acquired by various platforms provide unprecedented data for forest inventory and management. Among its applications, individual tree detection and segmentation are critical and prerequisite steps for deriving forest structural metrics, especially at the stand level. Although there are various tree detection and localization approaches, a comparative analysis of their performance on LiDAR data with different characteristics remains to be explored. In this study, a new trunk-based tree detection and localization approach (namely, height-difference-based) is proposed and compared to two state-of-the-art strategies—DBSCAN-based and height/density-based approaches. Leaf-off LiDAR data from two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Geiger mode system with different point densities, geometric accuracies, and environmental complexities were used to evaluate the performance of these approaches in a forest plantation. The results from the UAV datasets suggest that DBSCAN-based and height/density-based approaches perform well in tree detection (F1 score &gt; 0.99) and localization (with an accuracy of 0.1 m for point clouds with high geometric accuracy) after fine-tuning the model thresholds; however, the processing time of the latter is much shorter. Even though our new height-difference-based approach introduces more false positives, it obtains a high tree detection rate from UAV datasets without fine-tuning model thresholds. However, due to the limitations of the algorithm, the tree localization accuracy is worse than that of the other two approaches. On the other hand, the results from the Geiger mode dataset with low point density show that the performance of all approaches dramatically deteriorates. Among them, the proposed height-difference-based approach results in the greatest number of true positives and highest F1 score, making it the most suitable approach for low-density point clouds without the need for parameter/threshold fine-tuning.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Structure of Novel Ferrocene Bis‐Crown Ethers. (1986)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Ferrocenylkronenether (III) gelingt aus dem Säurechlorid (I) mit den Kronenethern (II).
Enabling sustainable user interaction with domestic heating controls (2011)

The way we live greatly effects the carbon emissions of our homes; heating accounts for nearly 60 % of domestic energy consumption in the UK. This consumption is directly influenced by occupants through the use of their control systems. Using realworld data from buildings and observational data from users this research proposes guidelines for the design of more inclusive domestic heating controls. Two usercentred studies have been completed to date; one using controls under lab conditions and the other in a low-carbon housing development. In both studies controls were found to exclude users due to the cognitive demands placed on them, therefore creating an unnecessary barrier to reducing heat energy consumption in the home. The design principles proposed aim to help designers consider user needs when designing the interfaces of heating controls and energy management systems. By designing more inclusive and usable controls considerable energy savings could be made in the domestic context.
Effect of Pulse Shaping on Silicon Micromachining Monitored by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Surface Second Harmonic Generation (2007)

Pulse shaping on silicon micromachining is explored using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and surface second harmonic generation as diagnostics. The morphology of ablated holes for different shaped pulses will be discussed.
A Novel Oxidovanadium (IV)-Orotate Complex as an Alternative Antidiabetic Agent: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Assessments (2018)

Diabetes is an increasingly common metabolic disorder with high comorbidity and societal and personal costs. Insulin replacement therapy is limited by a lack of oral bioavailability. Recent studies suggest vanadium has therapeutic potential. A newly synthesized complex between oxidovanadium (IV) and orotic acid (OAH<sub>3</sub>), [(OAH<sub>1</sub>)(VO)(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>].3H<sub>2</sub>O, was characterized using spectroscopic and thermogravimetric techniques. <i>In vivo</i> potential was assessed in a streptozocin-induced rat model of diabetes. OAH<sub>3</sub> acts as a bidentate ligand in the formation of the dark green, crystalline oxidovanadium (IV) complex in a square pyramidal configuration. Treatment with oxidovanadium (IV)-orotate <i>in vivo</i> significantly improved many biochemical parameters with minimal toxicity and restored pancreatic and hepatic histology. The results of the present work describe a safe, new compound for the treatment of diabetes.
<i>Bombus terrestris</i> as pollinator‐and‐vector to suppress <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in greenhouse strawberry (2011)

This greenhouse study provides strong evidence that B. terrestris bumblebees can vector a MCA to reduce B. cinerea incidence in greenhouse strawberries, resulting in higher yields. Similar yields obtained in the treatments with Prestop-Mix and Prestop-Mix + Maizena-Plus suggest an equally efficient dissemination of the biocontrol agent into the flowers with only half the initial concentration of Prestop-Mix, which illustrates the importance of the diluent.
Longitudinal decline in autopsy-defined frontotemporal lobar degeneration (2008)

Our findings suggest different longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline in pathologically defined subgroups of patients. Measures consistently distinguishing between patient subgroups can be used to bolster diagnostic accuracy throughout the course of these diseases, while measures demonstrating undifferentiated longitudinal decline may serve as useful endpoints in treatment trials.
Abstract 373: Cigarette Smoke Produces Phenotypic Modulation of Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of KLF4 and Epigenetic Control (2012)

Objectives: Cigarette smoke is one of the most important environmental factors associated with cerebral aneurysm formation and progression. Cigarette smoke causes phenotypic modulation of Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) which is considered an important underlying mechanism in cerebral aneurysm formation/progression. We studied epigenetic changes caused by Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) in VSMC differentiation marker genes. Methods: Rat cerebral VSMCs were treated with CSE at 40 ug/ml (optimal dosage based on preliminary data) dissolved in HEPES buffer (biological activity comparable to soluble components of cigarette smoke in humans) for 2 hours. Cells at 80-90% confluence were fixed with formaldehyde. DNA was sheared using sonication. Chromatin immune-precipitation was performed using following antibodies: 1) anti-KLF4 (Krupple Like Factor 4), 2) anti-HDAC2 (Histone Deacetylase 2), 3) anti-H3K9Ac (Histone 3 Lysine 9 Acetylation), 4) anti-H3K27triMe (Histone 3 Lysine 27 Tri-Methylation) and 5) anti-H4Ac (Histone 4-Acetylation). qPCR was performed with primers specific to CArG containing promoter regions of differentiation marker genes {(alpha-Actin and Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC)} and Myocardin. Results were normalized against input DNA. As part of in vivo experiments Pluronic Gel (40% w/v) containing CSE at 0.8 mg/ml was applied to rat carotid vessels for 6-8 hours. Vessels were harvested and frozen in liquid nitrogen and chromatin immune-precipitation was performed. Results: CSE stimulation promoted a non-differentiated phenotype of cerebral VSMCs. We demonstrated a marked increase in percent enrichment of alpha-actin, MHC and Myocardin promoters with KLF4, HDAC2, and H3K27triMe antibodies and decreased enrichment with H3K9Ac antibody. Although H4Ac antibody showed decreased enrichment at the alpha-Actin promoter, this was not observed for MHC and Myocardin promoters. This was consistent for both in vivo and in vitro studies. Conclusions: We previously demonstrated that CSE decreases expression of cerebral VSMCs marker genes and SRF co-activator, Myocardin and increases expression of transcription factor, KLF4. Further it promotes a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Decreased expression of the above mentioned genes is a result of direct binding of KLF4 to the CArG containing promoter region. Further, KLF4 recruits HDAC2 which deacetylases H3K9 and H4 causing DNA compaction thereby repressing transcription. Our results provide insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in CSE-induced VSMC phenotypic modulation and provide future potential therapeutic targets applicable to cerebral aneurysms.
Fast subpixel digital image correlation using artificial neural networks (2002)

Digital image correlation has been used to measure microscopic deformation in thermally stressed microelectronics devices. Displacement precisions of better than 0.03 pixels have been achieved by combining nonintegral pixel shifting of subimages and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The ANNs are trained to estimate the subpixel element of the object displacement from the digital correlation. Although similar accuracies can be obtained by curve-fitting to the correlation peaks and differentiating, the neural approach has the advantage that it allows fast subpixel. displacement analysis over a range of object textures without knowledge of the analytical form of the correlation peaks.