gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Position, thickness and transport properties of turbulent premixed flames in stagnating flows (2004)

AbstractThe stabilization mechanism of turbulent premixed flames in stagnation flows is analysed in the framework of a turbulent burning rate closure. It is shown that the mean flame brush thickness depends in this kind of flame on the balance between turbulent dispersion of the flame brush and the adverse gradient of the mean axial mass flux at the combustor axis. The flame position is determined in terms of the characteristic turbulent burning rate, the axial velocity distribution and the radial curvature of the flame at the combustor axis, the last pushing a flame curved toward the stream of reactants closer to the stagnation point. The flame curvature at the axis is related by simple mass conservation considerations to the radial curvature of the axial velocity which in turn is related to the shape of the stagnation body. The transport properties of turbulent premixed flames in stagnation flows are also analysed. In particular, a model developed by Zimont and Biagioli (2002 Combust. Theory Modelling 6 79) to account for the pressure-driven, typically counter-gradient, component of Position, thickness and transport properties of turbulent premixed flames in stagnating flowsAll authorsFernando Biagiolihttps://doi.org/10.1088/1364-7830/8/3/006Published online:15 May 2007Display full size in one-dimensional freely propagating flames and extended by Biagioli and Zimont (2003 29th Int. Symp. Combustion p 2087) to the case of stagnation-type flames is further reconsidered here to account for the effect of pressure-driven transport in radial direction and for buoyancy. This model, whose key element is the conservation of reactants total pressure, gives the pressure-driven part of Position, thickness and transport properties of turbulent premixed flames in stagnating flowsAll authorsFernando Biagiolihttps://doi.org/10.1088/1364-7830/8/3/006Published online:15 May 2007Display full size in algebraic closed form. The model is successfully applied to recent experimental data for stagnation-type flames showing that scalar transport can have a gradient or counter-gradient nature depending on the intensity of turbulent velocity fluctuations. The idea of flame thickness is also successfully validated with these experiments.
A structure‐based strategy for discovery of small ligands binding to functionally unknown proteins: Combination of <b><i>in silico</i></b> screening and surface plasmon resonance measurements (2005)

In the postgenomic era, many researchers and organizations have been engaged in structural and functional analyses of proteins. As a part of these efforts, searching for small organic compounds that bind specifically to target proteins is quite important. In this study, we have developed a rational strategy for ligand discovery based on the three-dimensional structures of target proteins, which were elucidated by X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The strategy has three features: (i) rapid selection of candidate compounds by in silico screening, (ii) automated preparation of sample solutions with robotics, and (iii) reliable evaluation of the candidates with surface plasmon resonance. Applying the strategy to a protein, At2g24940 from Arabidopsis thaliana, we discovered four small ligands out of a commercially available library of about 150 000 compounds. Although these compounds had only weak affinities to the target protein, with dissociation constants ranging from 68 to 120 microM, they apparently possess common structural features. They would be leads for the development of specific inhibitors/drugs for At2g24940, and provide important clues toward elucidation of the protein function.
The prevalence of urethral infections amongst asymptomatic young men in Hat Yai, southern Thailand (2000)

The aim of this study was to survey sexual behaviour and estimate the prevalence of urethral infections amongst male vocational college students. A cross-sectional survey was performed among 479 young men attending 2 vocational colleges in Hat Yai, southern Thailand. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests of first-void urine (FVU) samples were used to detect infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis. Girlfriends were the usual sexual partners for 89% of men with only 11% regularly patronizing sex workers. Condom usage was low. The prevalence of any urethral infection was 15.9% with: C. trachomatis 4%, N. gonorrhoeae 0.2%, U. urealyticum 10.9%, M. genitalium 2.3% and M. hominis 1.3%. Infection with more than one organism was found in 2% of men. While the prevalence of infection with chlamydia or gonorrhoea was relatively low, the prevalence of 'any urethral infection' was moderately high and suggests that unprotected sexual intercourse is commonly occurring. As girlfriends were the most usual sexual partners, they must be at significant risk of pelvic infection. There is a need for programmes targeting this group of people.
Analysis of Approaches of Tolerance Allocation regarding to Economic Efficiency (2019)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the current state of research on tolerance-induced costs in Germany. Through a literature research already existing approaches for the determination of costs related to tolerances during the specification of technical components are pointed out and possible approaches for the reduction of these costs are presented. In addition, the actuality of these approaches will be considered. One question that is supposed to be answered here is to what state of standard for the specification of components these approaches can be assigned to. On the other hand, it should be clarified whether the existing approaches are applicable to the currently valid standard system of the Geometrical Product Specification (GPS). Can the economic efficiency of the specifications selected for tolerancing be determined in a technical drawing during the product development process in accordance with GPS on the basis of the current state of research?
XRPD quantitative analysis of biomaterials based on calcium phosphate (2002)

Synthetic calcium phosphate bioceramics are biocompatible materials capable of providing skeleton and scaffolding for new bone growth as well as osteogenesis. Since biological response to the different calcium phosphates changes greatly, quantitative phase analysis is essential to control the properties of the synthetic bioceramics and optimize the biological response. A method of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) quantitative analysis has been developed to determine the amounts of the principal crystalline phases (HAP, /spl beta/-TCP, /spl alpha/-TCP, DCP) in biomaterials based on calcium phosphate. Rutile was selected as the reference, and the Reference Intensity Ratios (RIR) were accurately measured. A RIR database of XRPD quantitative analysis for biomaterials based on calcium phosphate was established. The principals and method of RIR quantitative analysis were introduced. The phase amounts of biomaterials based on calcium phosphate could be analyzed accurately, quickly and conveniently. The relative error is less than 5%. The absorption effect was totally eliminated and the cumbersome calibration curve procedure was shunted. Two samples of calcium phosphate ceramics were analyzed as examples of applicability of the RIR quantitative analysis of biomaterials based on calcium phosphate.
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) induces cell growth arrest associated with sustained signal transducer and activator of transcription activation in lymphoma cells overexpressing the IL-9 receptor. (2001)

Murine interleukin (IL)-9 inhibits apoptosis in murine T lymphomas via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) factors. After transfection of the human IL-9 receptor, human IL-9 had a similar antiapoptotic activity, but, unlike the mouse protein, inhibited proliferation. This effect was correlated with the level of receptor expression and the extent of STAT phosphorylation. Expression of a moderate level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) reduced STAT activation by human IL-9 and prevented inhibition of growth but not of apoptosis. Using mutated IL-9 receptors, we showed that inhibition of proliferation was correlated with STAT1 and STAT3 activation by IL-9 and induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p19/ink4d, a STAT3 target gene. Activation of STAT1 by IFN-gamma did not result in cell growth arrest. In this model, cell growth inhibition is therefore associated with a higher number of receptors, a more robust STAT activation, and a greater sensitivity to SOCS3 expression, compared to apoptosis inhibition.
TGF‐β signaling is dynamically regulated during the alveolarization of rodent and human lungs (2007)

Although transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling negatively regulates branching morphogenesis in early lung development, few studies to date have addressed the role of this family of growth factors during late lung development. We describe here that the expression, tissue localization, and activity of components of the TGF-beta signaling machinery are dynamically regulated during late lung development in the mouse and human. Pronounced changes in the expression and localization of the TGF-beta receptors Acvrl1, Tgfbr1, Tgfbr2, Tgfbr3, and endoglin, and the intracellular messengers Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, Smad6, and Smad7 were noted as mouse and human lungs progressed through the canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stages of development. TGF-beta signaling, assessed by phosphorylation of Smad2, was detected in the vascular and airway smooth muscle, as well as the alveolar and airway epithelium throughout late lung development. These data suggest that active TGF-beta signaling is required for normal late lung development.
Returning to a ‘New Normal’ in Regional Campus Research Laboratories during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

In the spring of 2020, the worldwide biomedical sciences community anticipated a need to return to critical laboratory research prior to the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Models for accomplishing recovery from a worldwide disaster are mostly found in the business realm. In the pandemic situation, literature focuses on how governments or clinical care settings can best respond. Very few guidelines exist for accomplishing the resumption of academic biomedical research, particularly for basic science laboratories and programs. A U.S. regional medical campus can be in a unique situation if it must follow the return-to-work dictates of the larger institution, and yet have different challenges and potential advantages from its parent institution. We present a model used by one such regional medical campus in order to navigate the resumption of laboratory research activities after COVID-19 driven operations shutdown. This model allowed us to accomplish our target of a rapid yet smooth return to the “new normal” way of executing laboratory research, although our success in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission is an outcome that we cannot yet know. Templates for materials used in the resumption of laboratory activities are provided. The lessons learned in our experience of laboratory restart go beyond the current pandemic.
ESTUDO DAS CARACTERISTICAS DE VISCOSIDADE EM FARINHAS MISTAS EXTRUDADAS DE CEREAIS (2020)

A mistura de cereais como o arroz, cevada e trigo constituem uma importante fonte nutricional. A utilização de novas tecnologias como a extrusão Termoplástica é uma alternativa na busca de alimentos que atendam os interesses de novos consumidores. Objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do processo de extrusão nas características da viscosidade de pasta a partir da farinha mista da matéria prima, contendo variadas porcentagens de cada cereal em 10 tratamentos. Utilizou-se extrusora de laboratório de rosca simples: velocidade de rotação do parafuso a 200 rpm, temperatura das zonas de aquecimento (da zona de alimentação até a saída da matriz): 1a zona – 50°C, 2a 100 e 3a 130, alimentador vertical helicoidal na rotação de 15 rpm (~5kg/h). Como delineamento experimental, foram utilizadas frações (porcentagem) variadas das farinhas dos cereais com arroz, cevada e trigo, por tratamento(T1 A T10), na seguinte proporção, (arroz%, cevada%, trigo%); T1: (70%; 15%; 15%); T2: (15%; 70%; 15%); T3: (15%; 15%; 70%); T4: (42,5%; 42,5%; 15%); T5: (42,5%; 15%; 42,5%); T6: (15%; 42,5%; 42,5%); T7-10: (33,3%; 33,3%; 33,3%). As farinhas das misturas foram analisadas a partir da determinação de viscosidade de pasta. O tratamento T2 alcançou a maior Viscosidade de pasta contendo em sua mistura a maior quantidade de cevada que possui a maior quantidade de fibra, e em contrapartida o tratamento T1 expressou menor valor, o que expressa melhor característica para produtos expandidos. Os tratamentos feitos através da mistura desses três cereais não obtiveram uma expansão.
THE INSENSATE FOOT FOLLOWING SEVERE LOWER EXTREMITY TRAUMA (2005)

Background: Plantar sensation is considered to be a critical factor in the evaluation of limb-threatening lower extremity trauma. The present study was designed to determine the long-term outcomes following the treatment of severe lower extremity injuries in patients who had had absent plantar sensation at the time of the initial presentation. Methods: We examined the outcomes for a subset of fifty-five subjects who had had an insensate extremity at the time of presentation. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the treatment in the hospital: an insensate amputation group (twenty-six patients) and an insensate salvage group (twenty-nine patients), the latter of which was the group of primary interest. In addition, a control group was constructed from the parent cohort so that the patients in the study groups could be compared with patients in whom plantar sensation was present and in whom the limb was reconstructed. Patient and injury characteristics as well as functional and health-related quality-of-life outcomes at twelve and twenty-four months after the injury were compared between the subjects in the insensate salvage group and those in the other two groups. Results: The patients in the insensate salvage group did not report or demonstrate significantly worse outcomes at twelve or twenty-four months after the injury compared with subjects in the insensate amputation or sensate control groups. Among the patients in whom the limb was salvaged (that is, those in the insensate salvage and sensate control groups), an equal proportion (approximately 55%) had normal plantar sensation at two years after the injury, regardless of whether plantar sensation had been reported to be intact at the time of admission. No significant differences were noted among the three groups with regard to the overall, physical, or psychosocial scores. At two years after the injury, only one patient in the insensate salvage group had absent plantar sensation. Conclusions: Outcome was not adversely affected by limb salvage, despite the presence of an insensate foot at the time of presentation. More than one-half of the patients who had presented with an insensate foot that was treated with limb reconstruction ultimately regained sensation at two years. Initial plantar sensation is not prognostic of long-term plantar sensory status or functional outcomes and should not be a component of a limb-salvage decision algorithm. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Collaborative Fuzzy Clustering of Variational Bayesian Generative Topographic Mapping (2015)

In this paper, we propose a Collaborative Clustering method based on Variational Bayesian Generative Topographic Mapping (VBGTM). To do so, we first propose a method that combines VBGTM and Fuzzy c-means (FCM). Collaborative clustering is useful to achieve interaction between different sources of information for the purpose of revealing underlying structures and regularities within data sets. It can be treated as a process of consensus building where we attempt to reveal a structure that is common across all sets of data. VBGTM was introduced as a variational approximation of Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) to control data overfitting. It provides an analytical approximation to the posterior probability of the latent variables and the distribution of the input data in the latent space. It can be effectively applied to visualize and explore properties of the data. But when the number of latent points is large, similar units need to be grouped (i.e., clustered) to facilitate quantitative analysis of the map and the data. We use FCM to determine the prototypes as well as the resultant clusters and the corresponding membership functions of the input data, based on the latent variables obtained from VBGTM. So, by combining the two algorithms, we develop a method that can do visualization and clustering at the same time. We observe that the hybrid method (F-VBGTM) performs very well in terms of many cluster-validity indexes.
Youtube traffic content analysis in the perspective of clip category and duration (2013)

In this work, we study YouTube traffic characteristics in a medium-sized Swedish residential municipal network that has — 2600 mainly FTTH broadband-connected households. YouTube traffic analyses were carried out in the perspective of video clip category and duration, in order to understand their impact on the potential local network caching gains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time systematic analysis of YouTube traffic content in the perspective of video clip category and duration in a residential broadband network. Our results show that the requested YouTube video clips from the end users in the studied network were imbalanced in regarding the video categories and durations. The dominating video category was Music, both in terms of the total traffic share as well as the contribution to the overall potential local network caching gain. In addition, most of the requested video clips were between 2–5 min in duration, despite video clips with durations over 15 min were also popular among certain video categories, e.g. film videos.
From Bench-Scale to Prototype: Case Study on a Nickel Hydroxide—Activated Carbon Hybrid Energy Storage Device (2019)

Hybrid capacitors have been developed to bridge the gap between batteries and ultracapacitors. These devices combine a capacitive electrode and a battery-like material to achieve high energy-density high power-density devices with good cycling stability. In the quest of improved electrochemical responses, several hybrid devices have been proposed. However, they are usually limited to bench-scale prototypes that would likely face severe challenges during a scaling up process. The present case study reports the production of a hybrid prototype consisting of commercial activated carbon and nickel-cobalt hydroxide, obtained by chemical co-precipitation, separated by means of polyolefin-based paper. Developed to power a 12 W LED light, these materials were assembled and characterized in a coin-cell configuration and stacked to increase device voltage. All the processes have been adapted and constrained to scalable conditions to ensure reliable production of a pre-commercial device. Important challenges and limitations of this process, from geometrical constraints to increased resistance, are reported alongside their impact and optimization on the final performance, stability, and metrics of the assembled prototype.
The breakdown and rehabilitation of visuospatial dysfunction in brain-injured patients (1983)

Neuropsychological studies on visuospatial dysfunction are reviewed and a model is described that characterizes hemispheric specialization of this function. It is proposed that the right hemisphere is dominant for configural processing and the left hemisphere for detail processing. Past efforts of visuospatial rehabilitation, which have focused primarily on one type of impairment, "left-neglect", are discussed. Future directions for rehabilitation of visuospatial dysfunction associated with both right- and left-hemisphere pathology are suggested.
5-kHz-bandwidth speech coder at 4-8 kbit/s (2003)

We propose a 5-kHz-bandwidth CELP speech coder for various multimedia applications. For portability, the coder has three bit rate modes: MODE8 (7.8 kbit/s), MODE6 (5.75 kbit/s) and MODE4 (3.95 kbit/s). The bit rate mode can be switched frame by frame. In order to achieve both low bit rate and naturalness, 5-kHz-bandwidth speech signals are used instead of 3.4 kHz or 7-kHz-bandwidth signals. The speech signals under consideration are band-limited to 5 kHz and are sampled at 11.025 kHz. Subjective listening tests indicated that the 5-kHz-bandwidth is effective for low-bit-rate speech coders. The mean opinion score and comparative mean opinion score showed that the quality of this coder in MODE8 (5 kHz, 7.8 kbit/s) is better than that of the G.729 (3.4 kHz, 8 kbit/s), G.722 (7 kHz, 48 kbit/s), and equivalent to that of G.729 Annex E (3.4 kHz, 11.8 kbit/s). In addition, at MODE6 (5 kHz, 5.75 kbit/s), the quality of this coder is better than that of G.723.1 (3.4 kHz, 6.3 kbit/s), and equivalent to G.729 (3.4 kHz, and kbit/s). We also determine the relationship among characterizations of subjective quality, bandwidth and noisiness.
Incidence des conditions de travail des vendanges blanches sur la clarification et la fermentation des moûts (1980)

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;La nature du cépage, l'état sanitaire et surtout les traitements mécaniques des raisins commandent la clarification du moût; les modalités de débourbage statique interviennent peu.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Pour un niveau de clarification identique, un moût provenant d'une vendange foulée énergiquement fermente moins bien que le même moût extrait par pressurage sans foulage. Cette incidence des matériels sur les processus fermentaires constitue un fait nouveau dont il faudra tenir compte dans l'équipement des chais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;+++&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The grape variety, soundness, and especially its mechanical processing are factors in juice clarity; the type of static settling has little effect.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;For an identical clarification level, a juice obtained from an energetically crushed harvest does not ferment as well as the same juice extracted by pressure without crushing. The fact that fermentation processes are affected by the machinery used is new, and must be taken into account when equiping wineries.&lt;/p&gt;
On the use of liquid nitrogen droplets as flow tracers in cryogenic flow facilities at NASA Langley Research Center (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1301.vid The injection of liquid nitrogen droplets to cool the gas temperature in cryogenic wind tunnels is discussed as a method of natural seeding for velocimetry-focused, particle-based, laser diagnostics. Historical observations and issues with seeding are presented for both ground-test facilities of interest in this work at NASA Langley: the 0.3-m Transonic Cryogenic Wind Tunnel (TCT) and the National Transonic Facility (NTF). Recent observations of natural seeding with a Rayleigh scattering instrument are presented in the two facilities, which motivated the purposeful use of a pulse-burst laser system to observe the particles directly with a sequentially operated laser sheet for the first time. Time-resolved image sequences of unevaporated liquid nitrogen droplets were readily acquired for tunnel total temperatures of 200 K and below. The preliminary results promote a discussion on the fitness of these natural particles as flow tracers for either a particle image velocimetry or a particle tracking velocimetry instrument in these high-Reynolds-number facilities.