gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Announcement of New Editor-in-Chief for the <i>Korean Journal of Radiology</i> (2020)

Park is an experienced clinical practitioner and a world-renowned scholar in the field of gastrointestinal radiology. He has published numerous research papers in the academic area, particularly regarding the imaging-based diagnosis of colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. Dr. Park
Association of SNPs in EGR3 and ARC with Schizophrenia Supports a Biological Pathway for Schizophrenia Risk (2015)

We have previously hypothesized a biological pathway of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity proteins that addresses the dual genetic and environmental contributions to schizophrenia. Accordingly, variations in the immediate early gene EGR3, and its target ARC, should influence schizophrenia susceptibility. We used a pooled Next-Generation Sequencing approach to identify variants across these genes in U.S. populations of European (EU) and African (AA) descent. Three EGR3 and one ARC SNP were selected and genotyped for validation, and three SNPs were tested for association in a replication cohort. In the EU group of 386 schizophrenia cases and 150 controls EGR3 SNP rs1877670 and ARC SNP rs35900184 showed significant associations (p = 0.0078 and p = 0.0275, respectively). In the AA group of 185 cases and 50 controls, only the ARC SNP revealed significant association (p = 0.0448). The ARC SNP did not show association in the Han Chinese (CH) population. However, combining the EU, AA, and CH groups revealed a highly significant association of ARC SNP rs35900184 (p = 2.353 x 10(-7); OR [95% CI] = 1.54 [1.310-1.820]). These findings support previously reported associations between EGR3 and schizophrenia. Moreover, this is the first report associating an ARC SNP with schizophrenia and supports recent large-scale GWAS findings implicating the ARC complex in schizophrenia risk. These results support the need for further investigation of the proposed pathway of environmentally responsive, synaptic plasticity-related, schizophrenia genes.
Pitching a baseball (2004)

Athletes and coaches in most professional sports make use of high-tech equipment to analyze and, subsequently, improve the athlete's performance. High-speed video cameras are employed, for instance, to record the swing of a golf club or a tennis racket, the movement of the feet while running, and the body motion in apparatus gymnastics. High-tech and high-speed equipment, however, usually implies high-cost as well. In this paper, we present a passive optical approach to capture high-speed motion using multi-exposure images obtained with low-cost commodity still cameras and a stroboscope. The recorded motion remains completely undisturbed by the motion capture process. We apply our approach to capture the motion of hand and ball for a variety of baseball pitches and present algorithms to automatically track the position, velocity, rotation axis, and spin of the ball along its trajectory. To demonstrate the validity of our setup and algorithms, we analyze the consistency of our measurements with a physically based model that predicts the trajectory of a spinning baseball. Our approach can be applied to capture a wide variety of other high-speed objects and activities such as golfing, bowling, or tennis for visualization as well as analysis purposes.
Iatrogenic Avascular Necrosis of the Talus Following Subchondroplasty (2019)

Category: Ankle, Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Subchondroplasty® (SCP®) (Zimmer Holdings, Inc, Warsaw, IN) is a relatively new procedure that was developed in 2007 for the treatment of bone-marrow lesions (BMLs). It involves the injection of flowable nanocrystalline calcium phosphate (CaP) synthetic bone substitute into the BML using fluoroscopic-guidance, in order to promote healing and reinforce the effected region. Although a newer technique, SCP has been shown promising results in the knee through several different small case-series. The foot and ankle literature is sparser, with only a few documented case-reports or case-series. As a result, we wanted to report our small case-series of patients who underwent talar SCP and went on to develop avascular necrosis (AVN). Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent SCP for a talar BML at our facility or were referred to our facility after undergoing SCP at an outside institution. Patients who developed iatrogenic talar AVN postoperatively were included in the study. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, imaging, and need for further surgery was analyzed. Results: Four patients were identified who had previously undergone talar SCP and went on to develop iatrogenic talar AVN. Two patients had their original SCP performed at our facility, whereas the other two patients were referred from outside institutions. All four patients were symptomatic from their AVN. Two patients have undergone revision surgical intervention, while the other two patients are pending surgical intervention. Conclusion: This case-series is the first study, to our knowledge, to report iatrogenic talar AVN after undergoing SCP for talar BMLs. Although early studies in the Foot and Ankle literature are promising for use of this technology, these studies have been small and surgeons should be aware of this potential complication.
Intraoperative Margin Assessment in Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Using Label-Free Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging and Machine Learning (2020)

Fiber-based FLIm has the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool during cancer resection surgery, including Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), helping ensure complete resections and improve the survival rate of oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients.
Nanoimaging of resonating hyperbolic polaritons in linear boron nitride antennas (2017)

Polaritons in layered materials-including van der Waals materials-exhibit hyperbolic dispersion and strong field confinement, which makes them highly attractive for applications including optical nanofocusing, sensing and control of spontaneous emission. Here we report a near-field study of polaritonic Fabry-Perot resonances in linear antennas made of a hyperbolic material. Specifically, we study hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in rectangular waveguide antennas made of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN, a prototypical van der Waals crystal). Infrared nanospectroscopy and nanoimaging experiments reveal sharp resonances with large quality factors around 100, exhibiting atypical modal near-field patterns that have no analogue in conventional linear antennas. By performing a detailed mode analysis, we can assign the antenna resonances to a single waveguide mode originating from the hybridization of hyperbolic surface phonon-polaritons (Dyakonov polaritons) that propagate along the edges of the h-BN waveguide. Our work establishes the basis for the understanding and design of linear waveguides, resonators, sensors and metasurface elements based on hyperbolic materials and metamaterials.
Adversarial Bandits with Knapsacks (2019)

We consider Bandits with Knapsacks (henceforth, BwK), a general model for multi-armed bandits under supply/budget constraints. In particular, a bandit algorithm needs to solve a well-known knapsack problem: find an optimal packing of items into a limited-size knapsack. The BwK problem is a common generalization of numerous motivating examples, which range from dynamic pricing to repeated auctions to dynamic ad allocation to network routing and scheduling. While the prior work on BwK focused on the stochastic version, we pioneer the other extreme in which the outcomes can be chosen adversarially. This is a considerably harder problem, compared to both the stochastic version and the "classic" adversarial bandits, in that regret minimization is no longer feasible. Instead, the objective is to minimize the competitive ratio: the ratio of the benchmark reward to algorithm's reward. We design an algorithm with competitive ratio O(log T) relative to the best fixed distribution over actions, where T is the time horizon; we also prove a matching lower bound. The key conceptual contribution is a new perspective on the stochastic version of the problem. We suggest a new algorithm for the stochastic version, which builds on the framework of regret minimization in repeated games and admits a substantially simpler analysis compared to prior work. We then analyze this algorithm for the adversarial version, and use it as a subroutine to solve the latter. Our algorithm is the first "black-box reduction" from bandits to BwK: it takes an arbitrary bandit algorithm and uses it as a subroutine. We use this reduction to derive several extensions.
A merged photonic crystal slot waveguide embedded in ALD-TiO_2 (2013)

We demonstrate the concept of a merged nanoscale photonic crystal slot waveguide that acts as a bandpass filter in the near infrared region of the spectrum. The device is based on the integration of a photonic crystal cavity in a slot waveguide on a silicon on insulator substrate. The device is further embedded in amorphous titanium dioxide using atomic layer deposition, which allows to reduce two-photon absorption losses and creates the possibility to combine nonlinear guided-wave optics resulting from the strong field confinement in the slot region with slow light effects in the photonic crystal cavity. Our approach is fully compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology and opens up new perspectives for the integration of all-optical signal processing functionalities in hybrid silicon nanophotonics platforms.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Substituted Tetracycline Derivatives. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Haptic modality takes its time: Dynamic of activations of sensory modalities in perceptual and memory processes (2016)

Based on claims resulting from grounded cognition theory that perceptual and memory processes are using the same distributed systems, the present study investigated the temporal aspect of access to memory traces through haptic and auditory modalities. Unlike in the case of visual or auditory components, the perception of a vibrotactile component is more sequential in nature and therefore cannot be fully processed before the end of the signal. The present study explores the dynamic of components activation in a situation of audio-vibrotactile asynchrony. We used a short-term priming paradigm consisting of an association phase (between a vibration and sound) and a test phase testing priming effect of a vibrotactile stimulation on the processing of a target sound. Results showed an interference with a simultaneous processing and a facilitation with a sequential processing. The temporality process of perceptual components is also important at a memory level.
&lt;title&gt;128x128-pixel long-wavelength infrared acquisition camera&lt;/title&gt; (1994)

This paper describes a Phillips Laboratory internal design for a high sensitivity, large field of view IR acquisition camera. Currently, the acquisition of a satellite with the 1.5 meter telescope of the Starfire Optical Range typically requires a sunlit target and dark sky. However, the level of thermal radiation from such a satellite is often sufficiently high in the long wavelength IR (LWIR) to permit detection with ground based telescopes irrespective of target illumination. The drawbacks of LWIR acquisition include the high levels of thermal radiation from both the telescope and the atmosphere which pose two constraints: (1), the 'background signal' usually exceeds the target signal and must be removed on time scales over which it is relatively constant, and (2), associated with the background signal is a noise level that dominates all system noise sources. The background signal level at the detector array for our application varies between 10<SUP>15</SUP> to 10<SUP>16</SUP> photons sec<SUP>-1</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, depending on the IR bandpass used. Our optical design for the LWIR acquisition camera maps a 128x128 pixel detector array onto a two milliradian (mrad) scene. The optical design uses two aspheric lenses, one to re-image the field onto a cold field stop, and the telescope pupil onto a cryogenic chopping mirror and collocated radiation stop. The second lens re-images the field stop onto the detector array. Aberrations are designed to be better than diffraction limited over the entire two mrad field of view. The end product of the acquisition system is a video display of the IR scene, with the background signal removed. A user then positions mouse-driven cross hairs over a target in the scene. The resulting position and time update is used to revise the target ephemeris, and to provide pointing information for target acquisition by other SOR tracking platforms.
Cover Picture: At Last: Erythropoietin as a Single Glycoform (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46/2012) (2012)

A glycoprotein with multiple glycosylations can be prepared by chemical synthesis as a single glycoform. In their Communication on page 11576 ff., S. J. Danishefsky et al. describe the first total synthesis of fully glycosylated erythropoietin. Glycosylation has significantly increased the stability of the protein. The fully glycosylated native protein has demonstrated substantial erythropoietic activity. [FeFe] Hydrogenase Mechanism A. Silakov, E. Reijerse, W. Lubitz et al. characterize in their Communication on page 11458 ff., a new redox state of the active center of [FeFe] hydrogenase. This form could be an intermediate in the catalytic cycle of all [FeFe] hydrogenases.1 Nanotubes In their Communication on page 11501 ff., X. W. Lou et al. describe the synthesis of Ag2S–Ag hybrid nanotubes and examine their photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis An inexpensive mesoporous graphene catalyst doped with both N and S atoms, which facilitates the oxygen reduction reaction, is reported by S. Z. Qiao et al. in their Communication on page 11496 ff.1
Evolution of the coordinate regulation of glycolytic enzyme genes by hypoxia (2003)

Two billion years of aerobic evolution have resulted in mammalian cells and tissues that are extremely oxygen-dependent. Exposure to oxygen tensions outside the relatively narrow physiological range results in cellular stress and toxicity. Consequently, hypoxia features prominently in many human diseases, particularly those associated with blood and vascular disorders, including all forms of anemia and ischemia. Bioenergetic enzymes have evolved both acute and chronic oxygen sensing mechanisms to buffer changes of oxygen tension; at normal P(O) oxidative phosphorylation is the principal energy supply for eukaryotic cells, but when the P(O) falls below a critical mark metabolic switches turn off mitochondrial electron transport and activate anaerobic glycolysis. Without this switch cells would suffer an immediate energy deficit and death at low P(O). An intriguing feature of the switching is that the same conditions that regulate energy metabolism also regulate bioenergetic genes, so that enzyme activity and transcription are regulated simultaneously, albeit with different time courses and signaling pathways. In this review we explore the pathways mediating hypoxia-regulated glycolytic enzyme gene expression, focusing on their atavistic traits and evolution.
BCD-03 EFFECT OF LUBRICATING BASE STOCKS ON THE TRANSMITTABLE TORQUE CAPACITY OF METAL V-BELT PUSHING TYPE CVT(BELT AND CHAIN DRIVES) (2009)

Lubricants for metal V-belt pushing type continuously variable transmissions (B-CVTFs) are required to give greater transmittable torque capacity between the belt and pulley in the CVT. In this study, the impact of base stocks used in B-CVTFs on the torque capacity of a B-CVT was experimentally investigated using a commercial CVT unit with a metal belt assembly and pulley design. As a result, synthetic naphthene base stock (SN) demonstrated 10 % greater than polyalphaolefin (PAO) under the conditions of secondary pulley clamping force from 17 to 34 kN and oil temperature 45 to 100℃ at a reduction speed ratio. Furthermore, the traction characteristic of tested oils was evaluated utilizing a rolling/sliding type tribometer at contacting pressure of 400 MPa, corresponding to the pressure between the belt segment and pulley. The traction coefficient of sample SN increased with increasing slip ratio while PAO did not show a distinct increase in the traction coefficient. This result implies that the difference in torque capacity between the two base stocks depends on the oil film shearing stress caused by slipping between the belt and pulley in the CVT.
Immunohistochemical colocalization of amyloid precursor protein with cerebrovascular amyloid of Alzheimer's disease. (1991)

Molecular cloning and cDNA sequencing have indicated that the fibril-forming, amyloidogenic beta/A4 peptide of cerebrovasculature and plaque core in AD is encoded as part of a larger precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP). A panel of antibodies directed against synthetic peptides, which correspond to distinct domains of this putative APP molecule (i.e., amino acid residues 45-62, 587-596, 597-606, 597-638 [beta/A4 peptide], 638-658 and 653-661), were used to probe immunohistochemically serial sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains for the presence of APP and/or its derivatives. Histochemical staining of adjacent sections with Bielschowsky's silver impregnation and with Congo red or thioflavin S-staining techniques was also done to identify the structures with amyloid deposition. All these antibodies exhibited intense immunoreactivity with amyloidotic cerebral vessels, including meningeal and parenchymal. This observation indicates that the amyloidotic vasculature of AD brain contains, in addition to the fibril-forming beta/A4 protein, nonamyloidogenic APP and/or its derivatives. More importantly, this APP immunoreactivity colocalized with angiopathic amyloid, which is characterized by phenol-resistant, birefringent congophilia. Parallel analyses with a dual SABC/silver impregnation procedure further confirmed that APP and/or its derivatives, including the amyloidogenic beta/A4, colocalized with argentophilic amyloid in the cerebrovasculature of AD.
N‐Syndecan and HB‐GAM (Heparin‐Binding Growth‐Associated Molecule) associate with early axonal tracts in the rat brain (1998)

Heparin-Binding Growth-Associated Molecule (HB-GAM)/pleiotrophin is an 18 kDa extracellular matrix- and cell-surface-associated protein shown to enhance neurite outgrowth of perinatal forebrain neurones in vitro. The heparan sulphate proteoglycan N-syndecan (Raulo et al., 1994) has been isolated as a receptor/coreceptor for the HB-GAM. We have investigated, whether HB-GAM and N-syndecan could have a similar role in neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in early axonal tracts of brain. In the present study N-syndecan was found to be spatiotemporally associated with the developing axonal tracts already on embryonic day 9 in rat, as revealed by coexpression with class III beta-tubulin, which is one of the earliest neuronal markers (Easter et al., 1993; Brittis et al., 1995). Later, N-syndecan and HB-GAM were detected in the first afferent serotonergic projections arising from the pontine raphe nuclei. The expression pattern of HB-GAM peaked in the developing rhombencephalon at embryonic stage (E) 13-14. At the same time, N-syndecan was expressed in the developing raphe neurones growing neurites towards the diencephalon along HB-GAM immunoreactive pathways. When rhombencephalic neurones were cultured on decreasing concentrations of substrate-bound HB-GAM, E13 neurones showed a significantly better neurite outgrowth response than E11, E16 or E18 neurones. The neurite outgrowth of raphe neurones in vitro was inhibited by adding soluble heparin or N-syndecan into the culture medium, whereas addition of chondroitin sulphate had no effect. In a simple pathway assay, E13 raphe neurones selectively preferred attaching and growing neurites on pathways containing HB-GAM as compared with regions containing either laminin or fibronectin alone. Our results suggest that HB-GAM may function as a developmentally regulated cue for rhombencephalic neurones that possess N-syndecan on their cell membrane.
Aero-Structural Coupling Strategy for a Morphing Blade Cascade Study (2021)

Abstract The coupling of aerodynamics and structural mechanics is an important step in the design process of aeronautical devices with morphing parts. In this article, a 2D–3D coupling approach is developed to study a morphing blade cascade. Two shape memory alloy actuators are placed on the upper and lower sides of the blade to make possible the change in shape of the leading edge. In the present study, a preliminary design study is conducted by considering a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of an airfoil cascade coupled with a three-dimensional structural analysis of the whole 3D blade. A methodology is developed to match 2D and 3D meshes such that the aerodynamic loads can be easily transferred to the structural analysis. From there, the deformed blade geometry due to both aerodynamic loads and actuator work can be transferred back to the CFD solver, and the iterative aero-structural coupling loop can be repeated until convergence. The aero-structural coupling strategy developed in this study is also applied to a blade cascade study aiming to improve its performance by morphing the leading-edge of the blade. The results of this application show that by morphing the leading-edge blade of only few millimeters (less than 2 mm), it is possible to achieve a relevant performance improvement in terms of total pressure loss coefficient decrease of about 53% considering off-design conditions.
Design methodology of a robust ESD protection circuit for STI process 256 Mb NAND memory (2003)

With the use of a device simulator, we show that an ESD protection circuit whose junction is filled with contacts is suited to a scaled STI process with thin n/sup -/ junctions with n/sup +/ being implanted from contact holes. We have confirmed by measurements of the CMOS NAND flash memory that the protection has sufficient robustness.
Relation between interfacial shear strength and tensile strength of carbon fiber/resin composite strands (1998)

The dependence of the tensile strength of unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite strand on the fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength was investigated. The interfacial shear strength was changed by applying different levels of liquid-phase oxidations to the carbon fibers. The tensile strength of the composite strands did not increase monotonically with increasing interfacial shear strength but showed a maximum at a certain level of the interfacial shear strength. The results were interpreted based on a fracture model which took account of accumulation of fiber fractures due to distribution of the fiber strength, stress transfer to the fibers via the interfacial shear stress, and multiple fracture of fibers due to stress concentration. It was shown that the decrease in the tensile strength of the composite strand at a larger interfacial shear strength is caused by the increase in the coefficient of a multiple fracture. The dependences of the multiple fracture on the interfacial shear strength and the matrix modulus were compared.