gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Back‐contacted bottom cells with three terminals: Maximizing power extraction from current‐mismatched tandem cells (2019)

Abstract Multi‐junction cells can significantly improve the energy yield of photovoltaic systems over a single‐junction cell. The internal interconnection scheme of the subcells is an important aspect in determining the resulting levelized cost of electricity. For a dual‐junction cell, two approaches are commonly discussed: series‐connected tandem cells with two terminals or independently working subcells in a four‐terminal (4T) tandem device. In this paper, we explore the working principle and the operation modes of a third, rarely discussed option: a three‐terminal (3T) tandem cell using a back‐contacted bottom cell with 3Ts. We use current–voltage measurements of illuminated 3T interdigitated back contact cells and confirm that the front and rear base contacts are at similar quasi‐Fermi level positions, which enables the bottom cell to either efficiently collect surplus carriers, in the case of a current‐limiting or carrier injecting top cell, or inject majority carriers, in the case of a current‐limiting bottom cell. As a result, no current matching is needed. The power output of an idealized 3T bottom cell without resistive effects is independent of the current density applied from the top cell. These characteristics of the 3T bottom cells enable a 3T tandem to operate as efficiently as a 4T tandem, while being compatible with monolithic design and not requiring intermediate grids. We propose a simple equivalent circuit model including additional resistive effects, which describes a real 3T bottom cell and achieves excellent agreement to the experiment. We deduce design guidelines for a 3T bottom cell in different operation regimes.
Effect of dietary phospholipids and their constituents on bile composition in rats and hamsters† (1994)

The formation of cholesterol gallstones is a result of an interaction between bile lipid concentration, composition and other factors. The solubilization of cholesterol in bile is affected by the nature of the fatty acids and head groups of biliary phospholipids. In this study we tried to modulate the composition of biliary lipids in the rat and hamster by means of dietary supplementation of whole phospholipids or their constituents (at 3% to 5% of food weight). A striking effect of ethanolamine feeding in rats and hamsters was demonstrated: Biliary cholesterol concentration and cholesterol saturation index were significantly lower (p < 0.03). In rats, bile acid concentration was increased, contributing to decreased bile lithogenicity. Ethanolamine also increased biliary phospholipid output. Other test substances had less marked effects. The addition of lecithin to rat diet significantly increased phospholipid concentration (p < 0.05) compared with controls. Cholesterol and bile acid concentrations were reduced in palmitic acid-fed hamsters (NS). Choline supplementation insignificantly increased the cholesterol saturation index in hamsters. Despite the clear effect of ethanolamine on biliary lipid composition, no change could be demonstrated in the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine in bile. It is postulated that ethanolamine was methylated in the liver to choline. Our data demonstrate that biliary lipid composition can be modulated by dietary phospholipids or their components.
Active damping inertial electro-mechanical ballscrew actuator (2014)

The damping of vibrations on aircrafts and rotorcrafts can provide life extension or weight reduction on those structures on which the vibration load is a significant amount of load endurance spectrum. A hybrid active-passive inertial actuator system is presented focusing the advantages of a ballscrew based actuator and of a non-conventional three phase control drive.
The dynamics of the mechanical system, of the electric motor and of the associated electronic control unit has been simulated as an integrated system on a MatLab/Simulink® platform. The design of the damper has been finalized by simulation, including full three-phase bridge drive with independent phases (no star-point) and motor control law and mechanics and elasticity of the system. The test results on a full-scale prototype of the damper are presented.
Data from Comparative Analysis of Bispecific Antibody and Streptavidin-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy for B-cell Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Streptavidin (SA)-biotin pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) that targets CD20 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) exhibits remarkable efficacy in model systems, but SA immunogenicity and interference by endogenous biotin may complicate clinical translation of this approach. In this study, we engineered a bispecific fusion protein (FP) that evades the limitations imposed by this system. Briefly, one arm of the FP was an anti-human CD20 antibody (2H7), with the other arm of the FP an anti-chelated radiometal trap for a radiolabeled ligand (yttrium[Y]-DOTA) captured by a very high-affinity anti-Y-DOTA scFv antibody (C825). Head-to-head biodistribution experiments comparing SA-biotin and bispecific FP (2H7-Fc-C825) PRIT in murine subjects bearing human lymphoma xenografts demonstrated nearly identical tumor targeting by each modality at 24 hours. However, residual radioactivity in the blood and normal organs was consistently higher following administration of 1F5-SA compared with 2H7-Fc-C825. Consequently, tumor-to-normal tissue ratios of distribution were superior for 2H7-Fc-C825 (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Therapy studies in subjects bearing either Ramos or Granta subcutaneous lymphomas demonstrated that 2H7-Fc-C825 PRIT is highly effective and significantly less myelosuppressive than 1F5-SA (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). All animals receiving optimal doses of 2H7-Fc-C825 followed by &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Y-DOTA were cured by 150 days, whereas the growth of tumors in control animals progressed rapidly with complete morbidity by 25 days. In addition to demonstrating reduced risk of immunogenicity and an absence of endogenous biotin interference, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the preferred use of bispecific PRIT in future clinical trials, due to a slightly superior biodistribution profile, less myelosuppression, and superior efficacy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(22); 6669–79. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Manic fringe inhibits tumor growth by suppressing Notch3 degradation in lung cancer. (2013)

Notch signaling plays an essential role in development as well as cancer. We have previously shown that Notch3 is important for lung cancer growth and survival. Notch receptors are activated through the interaction with their ligands, resulting in proteolytic cleavage of the receptors. This interaction is modulated by Fringe, a family of fucose-specific β1,3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases that modify the extracellular subunit of Notch receptors. Studies in developmental models showed that Fringe enhances Notch's response to Delta ligands at the expense of Jagged ligands. We observed that Manic Fringe expression is down-regulated in lung cancer. Since Jagged1, a known ligand for Notch3, is often over-expressed in lung cancer, we hypothesized that Fringe negatively regulates Notch3 activation. In this study, we show that re-expression of Manic Fringe down-regulates Notch3 target genes HES1 and HeyL and reduces tumor phenotype in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism for this phenomenon appears to be related to modulation of Notch3 protein stability. Proteasome inhibition reverses Manic Fringe-induced protein turnover. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence that Manic Fringe functions as a tumor suppressor in the lung and that the mechanism of its anti-tumor activity is mediated by inhibition of Notch3 activation.
NO Association Between an Allele at the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene (DRD2) and Alcoholism (1991)

--We were not able to replicate the results previously reported. We conclude that our data do not support an allelic association between the A1 allele at DRD2 and alcoholism.
Quantifying Neonatal Sucking Performance: Promise of New Methods (2017)

Neonatal feeding has been traditionally understudied so guidelines and evidence-based support for common feeding practices are limited. A major contributing factor to the paucity of evidence-based practice in this area has been the lack of simple-to-use, low-cost tools for monitoring sucking performance. We describe new methods for quantifying neonatal sucking performance that hold significant clinical and research promise. We present early results from an ongoing study investigating neonatal sucking as a marker of risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We include quantitative measures of sucking performance to better understand how movement variability evolves during skill acquisition. Results showed the coefficient of variation of suck duration was significantly different between preterm neonates at high risk for developmental concerns (HRPT) and preterm neonates at low risk for developmental concerns (LRPT). For HRPT, results indicated the coefficient of variation of suck smoothness increased from initial feeding to discharge and remained significantly greater than healthy full-term newborns (FT) at discharge. There was no significant difference in our measures between FT and LRPT at discharge. Our findings highlight the need to include neonatal sucking assessment as part of routine clinical care in order to capture the relative risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at discharge.
Melt spinning and fibre winding of Trimethylenecarbonate (TMC)-based polymers for tissue engineering small diameter blood vessels (2003)

The use of melt spinning and fiber winding of trimethylenecarbonate (TMC)-based polymers for tissue engineering small diameter blood vessels was investigated in order to overcome the problems and poor performance of artificial blood vessels. For the study, porous tubular scaffolds were obtained by heating PTMC to a temperature of 220°C. It was found that it is possible to produce tubular TMC-based scaffolds by means of melt spinning. It was also found that combining the synthetic scaffold with collagen further enhances the structural integrity in time permitting to obtain a scaffold that resembles the mechanical properties of native blood vessels.
A Second Component of HLA‐Linked Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes Maps to Class I Region (2006)

Type 1 diabetes is a polygenic disease with a major susceptibility locus, IDDM1, located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Although class II loci, DR and DQ genes in particular, are major components of IDDM1, accumulating lines of evidence indicated that IDDM1 consists of multiple components and that non-class II genes in addition to class II genes contribute to susceptibility to and/or age-at-onset of type 1 diabetes. To identify a second component of IDDM1, we investigated the association of a panel of polymorphisms in 2.2 Mb region of the HLA encompassing from class II to class I regions with type 1 diabetes. Polymorphisms types were: DRB1 and DQB1 in class II; two microsatellite markers, BAT2-GT and TNFa in class III; and, five microsatellite markers, STR-MICA, MIB, C1-3-1, C2-4-4, and C3-2-10 in class I region. A total of >200 Japanese patients and healthy control subjects were studied. Class II DRB1*0405 and DQB1*0401 were significantly associated with susceptibility to, but not with age-at-onset of, type 1 diabetes. C1-3-1, located near C locus, was significantly associated with not only susceptibility to, but also age-at-onset of type 1 diabetes. These data suggest that a second component of IDDM1 maps to the HLA class I region, contributing to susceptibility to as well as age-at-onset of type 1 diabetes.
Frequency-domain Methods and Polynomial Optimization for Optimal Periodic Control of Linear Plants (2020)

We consider the problem of periodic trajectory design for single-output systems which may be subject to periodic external disturbances. We show how trajectories optimizing a possibly nonquadratic and nonconvex polynomial performance objective can be found by using the frequency-domain description of the plant by converting the problem to a polynomial optimization problem (POP) in the Fourier coefficients of the external input signals. The method is suited for distributed-parameter systems, since the system transfer functions are not required to be rational; the computational complexity of the method depends on the order of the polynomial nonlinearities in the performance objective as well as the number of required harmonics, but is independent of the underlying system dimension.
On performance of coherent phase-shift-keying modulation in 40 Gb/s long-haul optical fiber transmission systems (2006)

We compare the performance of coherent binary-phase-shift-keying and incoherent differential-binary-phase-shift-keying formats in linear and nonlinear 40-Gb/s systems. We show that intra-channel nonlinear interactions severely degrade the coherent binary-phase-shift-keying performance in highly nonlinear systems
Nonlinear Pulse Propagation in One-Dimensional Metallo-Dielectric Multilayer Stacks: Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Optical Limiting (2006)

We numerically study the nonlinear optical properties of metallo-dielectric photonic band-gap structures in the pulsed regime. We exploit the high χ&lt;sup&gt;(3)&lt;/sup&gt; of copper to induce broad-band optical limiting of high-intensity pulses across the visible range. Article not available.
Security Engineering for Ambient Intelligence (2007)

The scenarios of Ambient Intelligence introduce a new computing paradigm and set new challenges for the design and engineering of secure and dependable sys-tems. This chapter describes SERENITY, a comprehensive approach to overcome those problems. The key to success in this scenario is to capture security expertise in such a way that it can be supported by automated means. SERENITY’s integral model of S&amp;D considers both static and dynamic aspects by relying in two main innovations: (1) the enhanced notion of S&amp;D patterns and integration schemes; and (2) the computer aided run-time monitoring of the implemented security solutions.
The cytosolic branched‐chain aminotransferase (BCATc) regulates T cell activation via mTOR signaling pathway (2012)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates environmental cues such as amino acids and growth factors to direct T cell activation and differentiation. T cells have unique metabolic demands to support their own differentiation into subsets with specific functions to promote or suppress immunity. Here we describe a new candidate for an immunosupressive enzyme, the cytosolic branched‐chain aminotransferase (BCATc), which impacts mTOR signaling in T cells. BCATc is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the first step in leucine, isoleucine and valine degradation. BCATc protein levels and activity are 15‐ and 13‐fold higher under anergy, an immunological condition known as absence of an immune response. Under anergic conditions, T cells isolated from BCATc−/− mice had an up‐regulated mTOR signaling compared to anergic T cells isolated from wildtype mice. Phosphorylation of the mTOR substrates, S6 and 4EBP‐1, were 3.9 and 4.9 fold higher than in wildtype mice. The results suggest that BCATc or changes in BCAA metabolites may inhibit mTOR signaling under anergy and that lack of BCATc enzyme reverses the inhibition, possibly triggering T cells to full activation. Understanding the role of BCATc in T cell immunity will provide new strategies for nutritional therapy in modulating the immune response to promote treatment of autoimmune diseases or develop anti‐tumor vaccines. (Support: R01DK 34738 &amp; Virginia Tech).
pH-Gated Porosity Transitions of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in Confined Geometries and Their Application as Tunable Bragg Reflectors (2004)

Polyelectrolyte multilayers with alternating porous and fully dense regions have been assembled from poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (SPS) in appropriate combinations. The porous zones were developed postassembly via immersion of the heterostructure film into an aqueous acidic medium followed by rinsing in deionized water. Properly assembled PAH/PAA regions exhibit a reversible, pH-gated nanoporosity transition while PAH/SPS regions remain unchanged upon treatment at low pH. The application of these structures as one-dimensional dielectric mirrors and vapor sensors has been investigated. Organic liquid crystal molecules were also successfully loaded selectively into the nanoporous regions via a capillary force driven wicking action. Potential applications for drug delivery and as Bragg stacks with tunable refractive index layers are also discussed.
VIRUS INACTIVATION IN HEMOGLOBIN SOLUTION BY HEAT TREATMENT (2001)

To increase the safety of stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFH) as an artificial oxygen carrier source, we investigated the effect of heat treatment on virus inactivation in hemoglobin solution. The hemoglobin solution spiked with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was treated at 60 degrees C for 1 hr under either an air or CO atmosphere. VSV was inactivated at >5.8 log10 and >6.0 log10 under the air and CO atmosphere, respectively. Although the methemoglobin rate increased after the heat treatment under the air atmosphere, no methemoglobin formation was observed by the treatment under the CO atmosphere. Isoelectric focusing analysis revealed the denaturation of hemoglobin after the heat treatment under the air, while hemoglobin banding was not altered in the carbonylated condition. Some protein bands other than hemoglobin were weakened or disappeared on SDS-PAGE after the heat treatment under both conditions. In addition, the hemoglobin concentration in the SFH was higher after the heat treatment than before the treatment. These findings indicate that the heat treatment under the CO atmosphere inactivates viruses without hemoglobin denaturation, and hence, this method is a promising approach to prepare a safer SFH as artificial oxygen carriers.
Photoconductivity and photoinduced absorption in a-Si:F and a-Si:H (1984)

The photoconductivity (PC) and photoinduced absorption (PA) of RF glow discharge a‐Si:F and a‐Si:H samples is reported. The value of the room temperature PC of a‐Si:F is lower by some four orders of magnitude relative to that of a‐Si:H, but the PA of a‐Si:F is found to be significantly higher than that of a‐Si:H. This indicates that the recombination rate of the excess carriers is lower in a‐Si:F than it is in a‐Si:H, yet a larger fraction of the excess carriers are trapped in the band tails of a‐Si:F, leading to its low PC. From the analysis of our PA data, we also determine the position of the mobility edge with respect to the extrapolated band edge in a‐Si:H.
Early identification of Alzheimer's disease in mouse models: Application of deep neural network algorithm to cognitive behavioral parameters (2021)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide burden. Diagnosis is complicated by the fact that AD is asymptomatic at an early stage. Studies using AD-modeled animals offer important and useful insights. Here, we classified mice with a high risk of AD at a preclinical stage by using only their behaviors. Wild-type and knock-in AD-modeled (<i>App</i> <sup><i>NL-G-F/NL-G-F</i></sup> ) mice were raised, and their cognitive behaviors were assessed in an automated monitoring system. The classification utilized a machine learning method, i.e., a deep neural network, together with optimized stepwise feature selection and cross-validation. The AD risk could be identified on the basis of compulsive and learning behaviors (89.3% ± 9.8% accuracy) shown by AD-modeled mice in the early age (i.e., 8-12 months old) when the AD symptomatic cognitions were relatively underdeveloped. This finding reveals the advantage of machine learning in unveiling the importance of compulsive and learning behaviors for early AD diagnosis in mice.
Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO2 as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends (2018)

Polycaprolactone-<i>g</i>-glycidyl methacrylate (PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA), a reactive interfacial agent for PCL-starch blends, is synthesized using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) as reaction medium and relatively high molecular weight PCL (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 50,000). Higher GMA and radical initiator intakes lead to higher functionalization degrees (FD) for PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA samples. A mathematical model is developed to describe the correlation between monomer and initiator intake and FD values. The model shows an excellent R²-value (0.978), which implies a good fit of the experimental data. Comparison of this model with a similar one for the reaction in the melt clearly indicates a better reaction efficiency in scCO₂. Furthermore, GPC results show that less degradation occurred for samples made in scCO₂. Finally, the use of the PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA made in scCO₂ (as interfacial agent) in ternary blend of PCL/starch/PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA results in better mechanical properties with respect to those obtained by using the same graft-copolymer as prepared in the melt.
Bioactivity of Zirconium-Substituted Nanobioactive Glass Particles (2013)

In this study, zirconium substituted nanobioactive glass particles with compositions, namely, 58SiO2-33CaO-9P2O5 and 58SiO2-28CaO-9P 2O5-5ZrO2 were synthesized using sol-gel method. The prepared samples were characterized before and after in vitro studies using different techniques namely X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The prepared samples reveal amorphous nature and spherical shape with an average particle size of less than 100 nm. Specific surface area of the samples found to be 90.69 and 81.20 m2g-1, respectively, for without and with nano ZrO2 metal oxides. The formation of hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the glass during in vitro studies after 21 days of immersion in simulated body fluid on without ZrO2 sample was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction pattern. Further, studies required for the optimization of the composition for need based applications, such as regenerative dentistry and bone implant.
Sudden Death of a Healthy College Student Related to Ephedrine Toxicity From a Ma Huang-Containing Drink (1997)

Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, Massachusetts Drug Formulary Commission, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, Address e-mail to: [email protected]