gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfusion-dependent pure red cell aplasia secondary to antierythropoietin antibodies successfully treated with renal transplantation (2010)

<h3>Aims</h3> Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is an isolated arrest of erythropoiesis which has been reported to occur in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to the development of antibodies against erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, usually erythropoietin α. <h3>Methods</h3> To report the successful outcome of pre-emptive living related renal transplantation in a 6.5-year-old boy with CKD due to renal dysplasia who developed antierythropoietin antibodies (anti-epo Abs) resulting in transfusion-dependent PRCA. He developed a papular skin rash with lesions on his arms and legs nine months prior to his renal transplantation which was confirmed on skin biopsy as acute panniculitis. <h3>Results</h3> He was noted to have anaemia requiring increasing doses of subcutaneous erythropoietin β up to 465 Units/kg/week for two years. Two months prior to transplantation, his haemoglobin was 4.6 g/dl with a low reticulocyte count of 2×10<sup>9</sup>/l (0.1%) requiring his first blood transfusion of washed cells. His bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy one month before renal transplantation confirmed PRCA. There was no evidence of malignancy, haemolysis, haemorrhage, viral infection or auto-immune disease. His erythropoietin β was discontinued and he had high titres of anti epo Abs of 63U/ml (limit of positivity of 0.1 U/ml). He received his second blood transfusion before his renal transplant when his haemoglobin was 6.7 g/dl. He underwent a living related renal transplantation from his maternal uncle (mismatch 0,1,1) using triple immunosuppression (azathioprine and tacrolimus from one and two weeks prior to transplantation, respectively, with corticosteroids). His anti-epo Abs reduced further from 13 to 6.5 U/ml 2 weeks post-transplantation but his haemoglobin had fallen to 5.9 g/dl when he required his third and final blood transfusion. Currently, he is three months post-transplant and has been maintaining a stable haemoglobin of between 9.7 and 11.0g/dl, with ferritin of 605 mcg/l (not on iron or folate supplementation), reticulocyte count of 84–130×10<sup>9</sup>/l (2–4%) with declining anti-epo Abs of 2.4U/ml. He has good renal allograft function with plasma creatinine of 52 μmol/l giving an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 75 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first reported paediatric case where renal transplantation has successfully treated transfusion-dependent PRCA secondary to neutralising anti-epo Abs against erythropoietin β.
Polysiloxanes &amp; PolysilanesBased in part on the article Polysiloxanes &amp; Polysilanes by Robert West which appeared in the<i>Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition</i>. (2005)

Abstract Silicon‐containing polymers, of which polysiloxanes and polysilanes are the most important ones, are becoming more and more important industrially because of their unique properties. Polysiloxanes that contain SiOSi linkage in their structure are most commonly prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic siloxanes. The monomer for this process is prepared by the ‘Direct Process’. The polysiloxanes are hydrophobic despite having polar SiO bonds in their structures. They possess highly flexible structures with large SiOSi bond angles. They are chemically inert and have good thermal stability, low viscosity, and good gas permeability. These polymers and related copolymers find use in a variety of fields as silicone fluids, elastomers, and resins. Polysilanes consisting of chains exclusively made up of silicon atoms are most commonly prepared by Wurtz coupling reaction. through sodium condensation of dichlorosilanes. The most interesting aspect of their properties is σ‐electron delocalization, which gives rise to many interesting photochemical and photophysical effects like thermochromism, solvatochromism, and ionochromism. These polymers find use in preparation of silicon carbide and as photoresists, photoinitiators, and hole conductors in electrophotography. In this article, the history, synthesis, properties, and application of polysiloxane and polysilane polymers have been reviewed.
Reinforcement learning and model predictive control for robust embedded quadrotor guidance and control (2019)

A new method for enabling a quadrotor micro air vehicle (MAV) to navigate unknown environments using reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) is developed. An efficient implementation of MPC provides vehicle control and obstacle avoidance. RL is used to guide the MAV through complex environments where dead-end corridors may be encountered and backtracking is necessary. All of the presented algorithms were deployed on embedded hardware using automatic code generation from Simulink. Results are given for flight tests, demonstrating that the algorithms perform well with modest computing requirements and robust navigation.
On the dynamics of a Recurrent Hopfield Network (2015)

In this research paper novel real/complex valued recurrent Hopfield Neural Network (RHNN) is proposed. The method of synthesizing the energy landscape of such a network and the experimental investigation of dynamics of Recurrent Hopfield Network is discussed. Parallel modes of operation (other than fully parallel mode) in layered RHNN is proposed. Also, certain potential applications are proposed.
#Exploration: A Study of Count-Based Exploration for Deep Reinforcement Learning (2016)

Count-based exploration algorithms are known to perform near-optimally when used in conjunction with tabular reinforcement learning (RL) methods for solving small discrete Markov decision processes (MDPs). It is generally thought that count-based methods cannot be applied in high-dimensional state spaces, since most states will only occur once. Recent deep RL exploration strategies are able to deal with high-dimensional continuous state spaces through complex heuristics, often relying on optimism in the face of uncertainty or intrinsic motivation. In this work, we describe a surprising finding: a simple generalization of the classic count-based approach can reach near state-of-the-art performance on various high-dimensional and/or continuous deep RL benchmarks. States are mapped to hash codes, which allows to count their occurrences with a hash table. These counts are then used to compute a reward bonus according to the classic count-based exploration theory. We find that simple hash functions can achieve surprisingly good results on many challenging tasks. Furthermore, we show that a domain-dependent learned hash code may further improve these results. Detailed analysis reveals important aspects of a good hash function: 1) having appropriate granularity and 2) encoding information relevant to solving the MDP. This exploration strategy achieves near state-of-the-art performance on both continuous control tasks and Atari 2600 games, hence providing a simple yet powerful baseline for solving MDPs that require considerable exploration.
High-NA EUV imaging: challenges and outlook (2019)

The continuation of Moore’s law demands the continuous development of EUV lithography. After the NXE:3400B scanner, currently being inserted in high-volume manufacturing (HVM), the next logical step is to increase the numerical aperture (NA) of the EUV projection optics, from 0.33 to 0.55, resulting in a high-NA EUV scanner. Looking back at the history of lithography tools developed in the last decades, we can see that such an increase of NA is, in relative terms, unprecedented (0.55 = 0.33 + 67%). This significant step forward in the NA is a challenge on many fronts and requires many adaptations. In this paper you will find an overview of the key concepts that make high-NA lithography different on imaging end, how the imaging assures the continued life of Moore’s law for the years to come and what are potential mask-related developments that would contribute to high-NA’s success.
Analysis of vibration behavior of damped tool arbor by finite element method (2014)

To improve cutting performance and suppress chatter vibration during machining of large mechanical parts with a long slender cutting tool, a design method was investigated for a tuned mass damper imbedded tool arbor. To clarify the effects of the dynamic stiffness and damping ratio of the weight which is supported at both ends inside the hollow space of the arbor on the dynamic compliance at the end of the arbor, finite element analysis was conducted. First, since the weight has twisting vibration in its 2nd order natural mode, it is necessary to consider 2 degrees of freedom of the motion to optimize the damper. Then, the relationship between the motion of the damper and damping performance is clarified in accordance with the change in spring constant of the weight. From the results, an area exists where there is little change in the maximum negative real part of the compliance due to the change in spring constant. Designing the spring constant in this area stabilizes the damping performance. Furthermore, comparison of the results of finite element analysis and the conventional particle model analysis revealed that the results of finite element analysis show a smaller real part of the compliance than those of particle model analysis. This is because the inertial forces of the weight are applied not to the end of the arbor but to the tool holder side of the arbor and the damping effect is smaller than that in the particle model.
Global landscape of phenazine biosynthesis and biodegradation reveals species-specific colonization patterns in agricultural soils and crop microbiomes (2020)

Abstract Phenazines are natural bacterial antibiotics that can protect crops from disease. However, for most crops it is unknown which producers and specific phenazines are ecologically relevant, and whether phenazine biodegradation can counter their effects. To better understand their ecology, we developed and environmentally-validated a quantitative metagenomic approach to mine for phenazine biosynthesis and biodegradation genes, applying it to &gt;800 soil and plant-associated shotgun-metagenomes. We discover novel producer-crop associations and demonstrate that phenazine biosynthesis is prevalent across habitats and preferentially enriched in rhizospheres, whereas biodegrading bacteria are rare. We validate an association between maize and Dyella japonica , a putative producer abundant in crop microbiomes. D. japonica upregulates phenazine biosynthesis during phosphate limitation and robustly colonizes maize seedling roots. This work provides a global picture of phenazines in natural environments and highlights plant-microbe associations of agricultural potential. Our metagenomic approach may be extended to other metabolites and functional traits in diverse ecosystems.
An Experimental Feasibility Study on Robotic Endonasal Telesurgery (2015)

Telesurgery over long distances is feasible with this robotic system. In the longer term, this may enable expert skull base surgeons to help many more patients by performing surgeries remotely over long distances.
Rezension von: Kessinger, Roland; Wöllper, Jörg, Festung Hohentwiel (2022)

Roland Kessinger / Jörg Wöllper, Festung Hohentwiel. Wehrbaukunst und Festungsalltag am Beispiel einer württembergischen Landesfestung. Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag 2021. 440 S. mit 275 Abb. ISBN 978-3-7319-1084-8. Geb. € 49,95
Challenges faced by nurses engaged in rheumatology care in Japan (2023)

This study elucidated issues experienced by rheumatology nurses in clinical settings in Japan. Furthermore, this investigation revealed the necessity of patient-centred multidisciplinary team care, including health professionals, patients, and other relevant individuals. This study provided practical directions to facilitate the implementation of effective care focused on improving patients' quality of life.
NSC30049 inhibits Chk1 pathway in 5-FU-resistant CRC bulk and stem cell populations (2017)

The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment induces DNA damage and stalling of DNA replication forks. These stalled replication forks then collapse to form one sided double-strand breaks, leading to apoptosis. However, colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells rapidly repair the stalled/collapsed replication forks and overcome treatment effects. Recent evidence suggests a critical role of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) in preventing the replicative stress. Therefore, Chk1 kinase has been a target for developing mono or combination therapeutic agents. In the present study, we have identified a novel orphan molecule NSC30049 (NSC49L) that is effective alone, and in combination potentiates 5-FU-mediated growth inhibition of CRC heterogeneous bulk and FOLFOX-resistant cell lines in culture with minimal effect on normal colonic epithelial cells. It also inhibits the sphere forming activity of CRC stem cells, and decreases the expression levels of mRNAs of CRC stem cell marker genes. Results showed that NSC49L induces 5-FU-mediated S-phase cell cycle arrest due to increased load of DNA damage and increased γ-H2AX staining as a mechanism of cytotoxicity. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed a higher bioavailability of this compound, however, with a short plasma half-life. The drug is highly tolerated by animals with no pathological aberrations. Furthermore, NSC49L showed very potent activity in a HDTX model of CRC stem cell tumors either alone or in combination with 5-FU. Thus, NSC49L as a single agent or combined with 5-FU can be developed as a therapeutic agent by targeting the Chk1 pathway in 5-FU-resistant CRC heterogeneous bulk and CRC stem cell populations.
Evaluation of class C CpG ODN efficacy and safety profile in a squirrel monkey model of AD pathology (2021)

Abstract Background A drawback of current immunotherapeutic approaches is limited effectiveness against cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and CAA‐linked complications. The failures of many Alzheimer’s disease (AD) clinical trials have been related to poor translatability of promising rodent data to humans. Our initial study using a non‐human primate (NHP) model of AD amyloid pathology with a propensity for developing abundant CAA, squirrel monkey (SQM), indicates that chronic administration of TLR9 agonist, Class B CpG ODN, safely ameliorates CAA. Here, we advanced our work to evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of Class C CpG ODN, which has shown favorable safety profiles in a variety of human diseases. The present study was designed to assess CpG ODN immunostimulatory patterns and to monitor disease progression by a combination of behavioral measures and biomarker signatures of pathology development. Method Geriatric SQMs received either CpG ODN or saline every 4 weeks as part of an ongoing long‐term treatment study (currently in month 22). Changes in mRNA expression levels were periodically evaluated in isolated PBMCs prior to and 24hrs after representative injections using the Nanostring nCounter System. SIMOA and Luminex assays were used to measure AD related fluid biomarkers. Both treatment groups were subjected to locomotor activity testing prior to cognitive assessment. Result Longitudinal Nanostring analyses demonstrated significant up‐regulation of IFN‐inducible genes (e.g., IFIT2, Mx2/MxB, GBP1, MIG, IP10), specific cytokine‐chemokine genes, and TLR9 signaling genes (e.g., UNC93B1) following CpG ODN injections. Ongoing SIMOA examination of neurofilament light, a biomarker of neurodegeneration, showed higher plasma levels in the control group compared to CpG ODN group. Our preliminary measurements of a biomarker of glial injury, YKL‐40, indicated increased plasma levels in control animals compared to CpG ODN‐treated animals. Monitoring of additional AD pathology and cerebrovascular dysfunction biomarkers throughout the treatment period will further assess CpG ODN efficacy and safety. Importantly, no significant differences were observed between treatment groups in locomotor performance. Cognitive assessments are underway. Conclusion Overall, the present findings provide essential information prior to any clinical use of CpG ODN in AD. The use of this advantageous model is important to reach efficient translation for human benefit.
&lt;title&gt;Supervised color constancy for machine vision&lt;/title&gt; (1991)

In machine vision, color constancy is the ability to match object colors in images taken under different colors of illumination. This is a difficult problem because the image color will depend upon the spectral reflectance function of the object and the spectral distribution function of the incident light, both of which are generally unknown. Previous methods to solve this problem have represented these functions with a small number of basis functions and used some sort of reference knowledge to calculate the coefficients. Most of these methods have the weakness that the reference property may not actually hold for all images, or that it provides too few constraints to allow an adequate recovery of the functions. We present here a method for color constancy that uses a color chart of known spectral characteristics to give stronger reference criteria, and with a large number of colors to give enough constraints to calculate the illuminant to the desired degree of accuracy. We call this approach 'supervised color constancy' since the process is supervised by a picture of a reference color chart. We demonstrate two methods for computing supervised color constancy, one using least squares estimation, the other using a neural network. We present results for simulated experiment of the calculation of the spectral power distribution of an unknown illuminant.
(Iminophosphoranyl)(thiophosphoranyl)methane rare-earth borohydride complexes: synthesis, structures and polymerization catalysis (2015)

The (iminophosphoranyl)(thiophosphoranyl)methanide {CH(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)}(-) ligand has been used for the synthesis of divalent and trivalent rare-earth borohydride complexes. The salt metathesis of the potassium reagent [K{CH(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)}]2 with [Yb(BH4)2(THF)2] resulted in the divalent monoborohydride ytterbium complex [{CH(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)}Yb(BH4)(THF)2]. The 2D (31)P/(171)Yb HMQC-NMR spectrum clearly showed the coupling between both nuclei. The trivalent bisborohydrides [{CH(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)}Ln(BH4)2(THF)] (Ln = Y, Sm, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb and Lu) were obtained by reaction of [K{CH(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)}]2 with [Ln(BH4)3(THF)3]. All new compounds were characterized by single X-ray diffraction. The divalent and trivalent compounds were next used as initiators in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC). All complexes afforded a generally well-controlled ROP of both of these cyclic esters. High molar mass poly(ε-caprolactone) diols (Mn,NMR < 101,300 g mol(-1), ĐM = 1.44), and α,ω-dihydroxy and α-hydroxy,ω-formate telechelic poly(trimethylene carbonate)s (Mn,NMR < 20,000 g mol(-1), ĐM = 1.61) were thus synthesized under mild operating conditions.
On the Complexity of Generalized Discrete Logarithm Problem (2022)

Generalized Discrete Logarithm Problem (GDLP) is an extension of the Discrete Logarithm Problem where the goal is to find $x\in\mathbb{Z}_s$ such $g^x\mod s=y$ for a given $g,y\in\mathbb{Z}_s$. Generalized discrete logarithm is similar but instead of a single base element, uses a number of base elements which does not necessarily commute with each other. In this paper, we prove that GDLP is NP-hard for symmetric groups. Furthermore, we prove that GDLP remains NP-hard even when the base elements are permutations of at most 3 elements. Lastly, we discuss the implications and possible implications of our proofs in classical and quantum complexity theory.
Nonlinear diffusion adaptation with bounded transmission over distributed networks (2015)

This paper introduces diffusion adaptation strategies over distributed networks with nonlinear transmissions, motivated by the necessity for bounded transmit power. Local information is exchanged in real-time with neighboring nodes in order to estimate a common parameter vector via constrained nonlinear transmissions, using an adaptive learning algorithm. We propose nonlinear diffusion strategies for such an adaptive estimation. We will study convergence properties of the proposed algorithm in the mean and the mean-square sense. Simulations support the performance analysis and show that the proposed algorithm performs close to the linear case with the added advantage of power savings.
High-speed imaging of scattering particles flowing through turbid media with confocally aligned, oblique plane illumination (2019)

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common cause of hospitalization for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. To screen for FN, patients require invasive blood draws and complete blood cell counts, which increases risk of nosocomial infection while in an immunocompromised state. There is a pressing clinical need for non-invasive, point-of-care technology to frequently screen for FN, which, if detected early, can be prophylactically managed. A promising approach to address this need is capillaroscopy, through which blood cells are imaged in capillaries non-invasively. Visualization of shadows caused by absorption of individual red blood cells is currently achievable, and correlation between the absence of optical absorption gaps and severe neutropenia has been observed. However, a completely accurate identification of the physical origin of these optical absorption gaps for conclusive neutropenia diagnosis remains an elusive task. Here we present scattering oblique plane microscopy as a means of imaging moving scattering particles within a turbid medium with the goal of eventually imaging and characterizing blood cells in vivo flowing in superficial capillaries. Our imaging system illuminates an oblique light sheet through a capillary bed and collects back-scatter using a single objective at frame rates of &gt;200 Hz. To validate this system, we develop phantoms mimicking capillaries with 200 &mu;m diameter lumens embedded deep in silicone doped with TiO<sub>2</sub> and India ink. Single 3 &mu;m diameter polystyrene beads flowing through the capillaries are resolved with a signal to noise ratio of approximately 5:1 at a depth of 1 mean free path.
Projector-Camera Calibration on Dynamic, Deformable Surfaces (2023)

Dynamic projection mapping (DPM) enables viewers to visualize information on dynamic, deformable objects. Such systems often comprise of a RGB-D camera and projector pair that must be calibrated apriori. Most calibration techniques require specific static calibration objects of known geometry. In this paper, we propose the first projector-camera calibration technique for DPM that uses the dynamic, deformable surface itself to calibrate the devices, without needing to bring in a static, rigid calibration object. Our method is hardware agnostic, fast, and accurate and allows quick recalibration.