gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1 TF A THIKNEAND FRONT CONT ACT BARRIER HE IGHT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF a-Si:H mi-n SOLAR CELLS (1990)

We have modeled the performance of a-Si:H p-i-n solar cells with different p-layer thicknesses, front c ontact b arrier h eights, and front contact/p-layer hole transport mechanisms. We have examined how p-layer material and contact quality influence our results, and we have explored the role that tunneling of holes across the barrier near the front contact can play in determining cell performance. We find that, for active p-layer cells with the optimistic p-layer activation energy of 0.27eV, cell performance is maximum for a p-layer thickness of about lOOA. However, we find that this maximum depends on the quality of the p-layer. We surprisingly find that for front contact barrier height values less than some critical value, cell performance, in the absence of tunneling, depends on the front contact barrier height regardless of the thickness or quality of the p-layer. We have examined these various results using the mobility gap/optical gap differences that have been recently reported for a-Si:H. We have found that when hole tunneling is included at the front contact, its presence reduces the influence of front contact barrier height on cell performance.
EpOMEs act as immune suppressors in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua (2020)

Epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids (EpOMEs) are epoxide derivatives of linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) and include 9,10-EpOME and 12,13-EpOME. They are synthesized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) and degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Although EpOMEs are well known to play crucial roles in mediating various physiological processes in mammals, their role is not well understood in insects. This study chemically identified their presence in insect tissues: 941.8 pg/g of 9,10-EpOME and 2,198.3 pg/g of 12,13-EpOME in fat body of a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua. Injection of 9,10-EpOME or 12,13-EpOME into larvae suppressed the cellular immune responses induced by bacterial challenge. EpOME treatment also suppressed the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes. Among 139 S. exigua CYPs, an ortholog (SE51385) to human EpOME synthase was predicted and its expression was highly inducible upon bacterial challenge. RNA interference (RNAi) of SE51385 prevented down-regulation of immune responses at a late stage (> 24 h) following bacterial challenge. A soluble epoxide hydrolase (Se-sEH) of S. exigua was predicted and showed specific expression in all development stages and in different larval tissues. Furthermore, its expression levels were highly enhanced by bacterial challenge in different tissues. RNAi reduction of Se-sEH interfered with hemocyte-spreading behavior, nodule formation, and AMP expression. To support the immune association of EpOMEs, urea-based sEH inhibitors were screened to assess their inhibitory activities against cellular and humoral immune responses of S. exigua. 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA) was highly potent in suppressing the immune responses. The addition of AUDA to a pathogenic bacterium significantly increased bacterial pathogenicity by suppressing host immune defense. In sum, this study demonstrated that EpOMEs play a crucial role in facilitating anti-inflammatory responses in S. exigua.
High-magnetic-field-induced large blueshift and depopulation of a quasi-one-dimensional electron-hole system in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-type modulation-doped semiconductor quantum wires (1998)

Magneto-optical effects in $p$-type modulation-doped semiconductor quantum wires are investigated up to 40 T. Heavy doping of holes above the light-hole-like state at 0 T enables us to observe both the heavy- and light-hole-like states in the photoluminescence. A large blueshift in the photoluminescence peak and depopulation of the light-hole-like states by magnetic fields are observed. A realistic self-consistent Hartree calculation reveals that the observed large blueshift is due to the indirect-gap formation induced by the impurity ions in the barrier.
Aerobic Capacity and Growth Hormone Deficiency after Traumatic Brain Injury (2008)

This study shows that individuals with traumatic brain injury with normal GH secretion have below normal aerobic capacity and those patients who have GH insufficiency/deficiency are further deconditioned. Studies of GH replacement in these subjects should be conducted to assess whether GH therapy can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and prevent secondary disability.
&lt;title&gt;Observation of Wannier-Stark localization in shallow superlattices&lt;/title&gt; (1992)

Surprisingly, the onset of superlattice (SL)-type electroabsorption (EA) (localization/delocalization and Stark ladder phenomena) as multi-quantum well (MQW) barriers are lowered does not correlate with miniband width. As the barriers of a 100/100 angstroms GaAs/Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>-1</SUB>As MQW are lowered to x equals 0.01, similar (quantum confined Stark effect) EA as for x equals 0.3 samples is seen. For x equals 0.02, as the MQW period (d) is shortened to 140 angstroms, SL-type EA is observed but does not correlate with miniband width. This shows that standard models do not apply for shallow systems. For x equals 0.07 and d equals 175 angstroms SL effects consistent with standard models are observed.
Suppression of cavitation inception by gas bubble injection: A numerical study focusing on bubble-bubble interaction (2007)

The dynamic behavior of cavitation and gas bubbles under negative pressure has been studied numerically to evaluate the effect of gas bubble injection into a liquid on the suppression of cavitation inception. In our previous studies, it was demonstrated by direct observation that cavitation occurs in liquid mercury when mechanical impacts are imposed, and this will cause cavitation damage in spallation neutron sources, in which liquid mercury is bombarded by a high-power proton beam. In the present paper, we describe numerical investigations of the dynamics of cavitation bubbles in liquid mercury using a multibubble model that takes into account the interaction of a cavitation bubble with preexisting gas bubbles through bubble-radiated pressure waves. The numerical results suggest that, if the mercury includes gas bubbles whose equilibrium radius is much larger than that of the cavitation bubble, the explosive expansion of the cavitation bubble (i.e., cavitation inception) is suppressed by the positive-pressure wave radiated by the injected bubbles, which decreases the magnitude of the negative pressure in the mercury.
GX15-070 (Obatoclax) Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Cathepsin D- and L–Mediated Autophagosomal Lysis in Antiestrogen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells (2013)

In estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells, BCL2 overexpression contributes to antiestrogen resistance. Direct targeting of the antiapoptotic BCL2 members with GX15-070 (obatoclax), a BH3-mimetic currently in clinical development, is an attractive strategy to overcome antiestrogen resistance in some breast cancers. Recently, GX15-070 has been shown to induce both apoptosis and autophagy, yet the underlying cell death mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that GX15-070 is more effective in reducing the cell density of antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cells versus sensitive cells and that this increased sensitivity of resistant cells to GX15-070 correlates with an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. Formation of autophagosomes in GX15-070-treated cells was verified by changes in expression of the lipidation of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3 and both confocal and transmission electron microscopy. While GX15-070 treatment promotes autophagic vacuole and autolysosome formation, p62/SQSTM1, a marker for autophagic degradation, levels accumulate. Moreover, GX15-070 exposure leads to a reduction in cathepsin D (CTSD) and L (CTSL1) protein expression that would otherwise digest autolysosome cargo. Thus, GX15-070 has dual roles in promoting cell death: (i) directly inhibiting antiapoptotic BCL2 family members, thereby inducing apoptosis; and (ii) inhibiting downstream CTSD and CTSL1 protein expression to limit the ability of cells to use degraded material to fuel cellular metabolism and restore homeostasis. Our data highlight a new mechanism of GX15-070-induced cell death that could be used to design novel therapeutic interventions for antiestrogen resistant breast cancer.
Synthesis Routes and Characterization of High‐Purity, Single‐Phase Gallium Nitride Powders (1996)

Synthesis of high‐purity, single‐phase gallium nitride powder has been achieved in a hot‐wall tube furnace via (i) the reaction of gallium with ammonia (NH 3 ) and (ii) the conversion of gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3 ). For complete reaction, the optimum temperatures, NH 3 flow rates, and boat positions relative to the NH 3 inlet were 975°C, 400 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), and 50 cm, respectively, for the gallium‐NH 3 reaction, and 1050°C, 500 sccm, and 50 cm, respectively, for the Ga 2 O 3 conversion. Polyhedra of various shapes were obtained from both processes; some rod‐shaped crystals also were observed in the material derived from Ga 2 O 3 .
3D image reconstruction from different image formats using marching cubes technique (2019)

Structure from motion (SFM) is the problem of reconstructing the 3D image from 2D images. The main problem of 3D reconstruction is the quality of the 3D image that depends on the number of 2D slices input to the system. A large number of 2D slices may lead to high processing time. This paper introduces a new model to reconstruct the 3D image from any 2D image by using marching cubes algorithm. We use the LabVIEW program to build the system and use the Biomedical Toolkit to read and registered any 2D images. Our main goal is to implement the 3D reconstruction system to produce a high-quality 3D image with a minimum number of 2D slices and to decrease the execution time as possible. We apply our system on two datasets; all the experimental results have proved the efficiency and effectiveness of this system in 3D image reconstruction from any 2D image type. As shown in results, changing iso_value, image type and a number of images, affects the quality of 3D image reconstruction, and the processing time.
High Performance Magnetic Separation Technology for Microtiter Plates, Microarrays, Single Molecule Manipulation and Beyond (2005)

Hybrid magnetic technology is in use in production and R&amp;D molecular separation processes by the DOE Joint Genome Institute and is in continuing development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Its fields of applicability range from genomics, proteomics and single molecule microscopy to bio-medical and general industrial processes. The applications for this technology are constantly expanding. In addition to existing, production hybrid magnet plates for 384-well microtiter plate applications; new designs have been developed for 96-well, 384-well, 1536-well and deep well plates. These new, more advanced, second-generation magnet plates incorporate higher performance core structures that deliver higher fields and stronger gradients for faster drawdown and greater holding power for more robust processes. Field measurements of new prototypes have shown peak fields in excess of 11000 gauss. Development has proceeded on 1536-well magnetic structures that also have applicability for high-efficiency microarray processes. A newer field of application for hybrid structures is single molecule magnetic manipulation or magnetic tweezers. This technology has significant advantages over laser capture/manipulation techniques and has the ability to cover a manipulation force range from zero to that of atomic force microscope levels. A number of successful prototypes have been built at LBNL and are now in use at various institutions.In addition to established applications, hybrid magnetic technology shows promise in other areas such as bio-medical treatment techniques and industrial applications. This technology is currently being made available to industry through the Tech Transfer Department at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
IC‐P‐109: THE COGNITIVE CHANGE INDEX IS ASSOCIATED WITH TAU DEPOSITION ON [<sup>18</sup>F]FLORTAUCIPIR (2018)

Cognitive concerns have been recently shown to be associated with tau deposition on [18F]Flortaucipir in cognitively normal older adults [1]. We sought to determine if the shorter 20-item Cognitive Change Index (CCI) was associated with tau deposition on [18F]Flortaucipir PET, and if so, which items are most associated with tau burden in older adults with normal cognition (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. 55 individuals (41 CN, 14 MCI) completed a question about memory worry (“Jessen memory question” [2]), the CCI, and [18F]Flortaucipir PET. 49 study partners completed informant ratings on these scales. [18F]Flortaucipir scans were processed using standard techniques and intensity-normalized to the cerebellar crus. Regional [18F]Flortaucipir SUVR was extracted from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and inferior temporal lobe (ITL). Spearman correlations were used to assess the relationship between the self and informant CCI (20-item total and each individual item) with EC and ITL mean SUVR. Significant associations between the informant CCI-20 total and ITL, but not EC, tau deposition were observed (r=0.318; p=0.026). Many items from the informant CCI-20 were significantly associated with [18F]Flortaucipir SUVR in both regions. The most significant items were items 18 (“Understanding conversations”), 15 (“Focusing on goals and carrying out a plan”), and 12 (“Remembering things compared to age group”) (r-values 0.4-0.5, p<0.005 for both EC and ITL SUVR). The informant version of the Jessen memory question was also significantly associated with inferior temporal tau (r=0.43, p=0.002). For the self CCI, item 7 (“Remembering where I placed familiar objects”) was associated with EC tau (r=0.317, p=0.018) and item 13 (“Making decisions about everyday matters”) was associated with ITL tau (r=0.296, p=0.028). A mixture of language, executive function, and memory informant concerns as well as memory and executive self-concerns were most strongly associated with tau deposition. These findings suggest that concerns across both memory and non-memory domains are important markers of pathology. Given that the CCI-20 is relatively short and easy to administer, this measure may be useful to include in future studies. References: [1] Buckley et al. (2017) JAMA Neurology, [2] Jessen et al. (2010) Arch Gen Psychiatry.
Individualizing Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Patient Characteristics: What We Know and What We Need to Know (2010)

Recent advances in genetics, such as the identification of Kir6.2 mutations and the responsible genes for several forms of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), have established precedents linking specifically effective therapies to defined diabetes subtypes. The recent increase in identified polygenic factors related to type 2 diabetes and our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes provide potential opportunities to individualize therapy. To further this process, we recommend expanded analysis of existing data sources and the development of new basic and clinical research studies, including a greater focus on identifying type 2 diabetes subtypes, their response to different therapies, and quantitation of cost-effectiveness.
Multipulse PPM on memoryless channels (2004)

We examine several properties of n-pulse pulse position modulation (PPM) [H. Sugiyama et al., 1989] on memoryless channels. We derive the maximum likelihood decision rule and an exact expression for the symbol error rate for nges1, generalizing previous results [R.M. Gagliardi et al., 1976, M. Simon et al., 2003]. A capacity comparison indicates that muItipulse PPM does not produce appreciable gains over conventional PPM except at high average power
Signal transduction and cytoskeletal reorganization are required for cell detachment from cell culture surfaces grafted with a temperature‐responsive polymer (1999)

We have developed a new cell culture substrate grafted with a temperature-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) using an electron beam irradiation method. These surfaces are hydrophobic in culture at 37°C due to the hydration/dehydration changes intrinsic to PIPAAm at 32°C, and they become highly hydrophilic below 32°C. At 37°C grafted and ungrafted surfaces showed no difference with regard to attachment, spreading, growth, confluent cell density, and morphology of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Stress fibers, peripheral bands, and focal contacts were established in similar ways. After the medium temperature was decreased to 20°C, spread cells lost their flattened morphology, acquiring a rounded cell appearance similar to that of cells immediately after plating. After mild agitation cells floated free from the dish surface without trypsin treatment. Neither cell morphological changes nor cell detachment occurred on ungrafted surfaces. An ATP synthesis inhibitor, sodium azide, and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, suppressed cell morphological changes and cell detachment while a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, slightly enhanced cell detachment. An actin filament stabilizer, phalloidin, and its depolymerizer, cytochalasin D, also inhibited cell detachment. These findings suggest that cell detachment on grafted surfaces is mediated by intracellular signal transduction and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. While trypsinization causes damage to the cell membrane surface and extracellular matrix proteins, this alternative low temperature treatment is exceptionally noninvasive. The temperature-responsive cell culture surface also should prove useful for investigating the molecular machinery involved in cell–surface detachment. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 44, 44–52, 1999.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Quinolone Nucleosides Against the Human Myelogenous Leukemia K‐562 Cell Line (2013)

A set of 6-substituted quinolone nucleosides linked to aniline or phenol via N or O heteroatom-bridges presenting new compounds were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions. 6-Bromoquinolone nucleoside precursors, being protected by either benzoyl or TBDMS protecting groups on the ribose moiety, were subjected to different Buchwald-Hartwig conditions as the key step. Defined deprotection steps led, in good yields, to the final target compounds that carry, in position 3, either ester, acid, or amide functions. Thus, a series of novel quinolone nucleoside derivatives was obtained via a convergent synthesis route. Biological tests in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells exerted an efficient antiproliferative activity for two of them without induction of differentiation. These novel nucleosides deserve further experiments to determine their antiproliferative effects on other CML cell lines.
Ca<sup>+2</sup>Dependence of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Luteinizing Hormone Secretion:<i>in Vitro</i>Studies Using Continuously Perifused Dispersed Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells* (1983)

A continuously perifused dispersed rat anterior pituitary cell system was used to determine the importance of calcium (Ca+2) on the release of LH by GnRH. In response to continuous exposure to 10 nM GnRH, LH was released in a biphasic fashion; arbitrarily, phase I was defined as being the LH released during the initial 40 min and phase II as the subsequent release. Withdrawal of Ca+2 from the perifusion medium during phases I or II of LH release led to a rapid inhibition of the LH secretion. Cells were exposed to GnRH for 2.5 min, washed with medium for 30 min, and then reexposed to GnRH for 30 min. This sequence was repeated 1 h later under identical conditions in the presence of a Ca+2 blocking agent; D600 (20 or 100 microM). D600 inhibited both the 2.5- and the 30-min GnRH-stimulated LH release. The results were expressed as the ratio obtained by dividing the total LH released during the second GnRH exposure (either 2.5 or 30 min) by the total LH released during the respective initial GnRH exposure of same duration. For the cells perifused with 20 microM D600 the ratios +/- SE (D600 vs. control) were 0.48 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.28 +/- 0.13 (P = 0.0001) and 0.29 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.08 (P less than or equal to 0.0001) for the 2.5- and 30-min exposures, respectively. For the cells perifused with 100 microM D600 the ratios +/- SE (D600 vs. control) were 0.18 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.28 +/- 0.13 (P less than or equal to 0.00001) and 0.12 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.08 (P = 0.002) for the 2.5- and 30-min exposures, respectively, revealing an even more profound inhibitory effect of D600 on GnRH stimulated LH secretion. Our data both confirm previous reports that Ca+2 is involved in LH release and demonstrate that Ca+2 is an essential requirement during both phases of GnRH-stimulated LH release in perifused dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells.
A Simple Synthesis of 4-Carboxyatractyligenin from Atractyligenin (1998)

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, U.S.A. <em>Manuscript received 7 December 1998</em> Protection of atractyligenin (1) as the tris-tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivative allows carboxylation at C(4) to give after mild acidic treat­ment 4-carboxyatractyligenin (3). This simple and convenient procedure is recommended for α-carboxylation of other polyfunctional carboxylic acids.
Cancer Stem Cell Tumor Model Reveals Invasive Morphology and Increased Phenotypical Heterogeneity (2010)

The recently developed concept of cancer stem cells (CSC) sheds new light on various aspects of tumor growth and progression. Here, we present a mathematical model of malignancies to investigate how a hierarchical organized cancer cell population affects the fundamental properties of solid malignancies. We establish that tumors modeled in a CSC context more faithfully resemble human malignancies and show invasive behavior, whereas tumors without a CSC hierarchy do not. These findings are corroborated by in vitro studies. In addition, we provide evidence that the CSC model is accompanied by highly altered evolutionary dynamics compared with the ones predicted to exist in a stochastic, nonhierarchical tumor model. Our main findings indicate that the CSC model allows for significantly higher tumor heterogeneity, which may affect therapy resistance. Moreover, we show that therapy which fails to target the CSC population is not only unsuccessful in curing the patient, but also promotes malignant features in the recurring tumor. These include rapid expansion, increased invasion, and enhanced heterogeneity.