gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Integrated Dynamic Surveillance Tool Improves Field-Management Practices (2006)

Abstract This paper describes solutions developed using a dynamic surveillance tool to automate several workflow processes of the reservoir management, production engineering, and R&amp;D Center at Saudi Aramco. The objective is to provide improved efficiency in field management practices, while enhancing collaboration between reservoir and production engineers; ultimately resulting in improved decision-making process. The solutions provided include a combination of smart tools and automated workflows designed to improve reservoir management and surveillance processes. A candidate recognition system was developed to identify and flag problem wells that require immediate remediation. As new production and injection data become available, the system that is linked to the corporate database can automatically display these data for fast and rigorous validation. In addition, a formation damage indicator function is also calculated using field data and mapped to spot production problem areas and identify damaged wells. A daily surveillance tool, which compares the performance of individual wells to the average performance of a group of wells, is also provided to allow the reservoir and production engineers to easily identify underperforming wells, promptly intervene, and recommend best completion practices. Benefits include efficient well management and cost avoidance resulting from early intervention and remediation, while avoiding full-scale problem resolution. Another dynamic surveillance tool was designed and views were developed to provide online access to the hydrocarbon phase behavior and petrophysical data for the R&amp;D scientists and reservoir engineers. The tool allows integration of the hydrocarbon phase-behavior data and comparison of petrophysical data with historical production/injection data and production well logs, resulting in enhanced analysis, production optimization and data validation. Additional benefits of the smart tools and automated workflow processes include considerable timesavings, with pertinent data being automatically updated, validated and used in the analysis, leading to improved efficiency in field management practices.
FAIR: a project to realize a user-friendly exchange of open weather data (2020)

Abstract. Access to high quality weather and climate data is crucial for a wide range of societal and economic issues. It allows optimising industrial processes, supports the identification of potential risks related to climate change or allows the development of corresponding adaptation and mitigation strategies. Although such data is freely available through Germany’s national meteorological service DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst) since 2017, the application potential in industry and society has certainly not yet been fully unlocked. Major obstacles are the complexity of the raw data, as well as missing tools for their simple integration into existing industrial applications. The goal of the research project FAIR is to simplify the information exchange between the DWD and economical players. In order to reach this goal a requirement analysis with end-users of weather data from three different sectors was conducted. A central requirement regarding the site assessment of wind plants is quick and easy access to historical wind-series at specific sites. Preferably downloadable in formats like CSV or via an API. Event planning partners are interested in a quick access to health relevant weather information at their event location, and the E-mobility sector in temperature data along planned routes. In this paper, we summarize the results of the requirement analysis and present the deduced technical architecture and FAIR services aiming at a user-friendly exchange of weather data.
Effect of Surface Treatment in Au/Ni/ n-GaN Schottky Contacts Formed on Cleaved m-Plane Surfaces of Free-Standing n-GaN Substrates (2022)

We fabricated and characterized Au/Ni Schottky contacts on cleaved m-plane free-standing n-GaN surfaces (i) without any surface treatment, (ii) with H2O2 treatment, or (iii) with HCl treatment by current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V), and photoresponse (PR) measurements. 50-nm-thick Ni films and 50-nm-thick Au films were deposited in turn on the m-plane surface by electron-beam evaporation to form Schottky contacts. All of the Schottky contacts were circular and 100µm in diameter. The highest step determined by the laser microscope was 5 nm, but in some dots, steps were not observed. The as-cleaved samples showed I-V characteristics with small n-values and less diode-to-diode variation. However, the H2O2 samples had much smaller Schottky barrier height (qϕB). Whereas the HCl samples exhibited significantly large diode-to-diode variation. The qϕB and n-values obtained from the I-V, C-V, and PR results are nearly constant, independent of the step height. This is probably because the steps also consist of m-plane facets, which have no effect on the electrical characteristics of the Schottky diodes. It is confirmed that cleaving without any surface treatment can provide a cleaner surface to form Schottky diodes on m-plane n-GaN surfaces than that with conventional HCl treatment.
Specific Antibody Responses in Rats and Mice after Daily Immunization without Adjuvant (1983)

We have previously devised an immunization protocol to obtain IgE antibody formation in mice without the use of adjuvants. In this communication the observations were confirmed using several antigens and various routes of administration. The studies were also extended to rats. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration to rats of 100-ng doses of trinitrophenylated human serum albumin (TNP-HSA) in 10-day periods resulted in production of IgE antibodies as determined with the RAST using antirat IgE. Higher antigen doses resulted in lower IgE antibody responses. Intranasal (i.n.) or peroral (p.o.) exposure of rats did not result in any IgE antibody responses. Exposure to antigen by the s.c. and i.n. route but not p.o. administration induced IgG, IgM and IgA antibody responses in rats as recorded with the enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay (ELISA). Several different antigens were given to CBA/Ca mice, i.e. penicilloylated bovine gammaglobulin (PO-BGG), FITC-conjugated dog serum albumin (FITC-DSA) or timothy pollen extract. All the antigens induced boosterable IgE antibody responses as determined with RAST utilizing antimouse IgE. Antibodies of IgG isotype were also recorded after such immunizations, whereas only low IgM and no IgA antibody titers were found in serum employing ELISA. After similar daily administration of antigen by the p.o. or i.n. route of antigen at doses from 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; to 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; ng, IgG antibody responses but no IgE antibodies were found. Intranasal administration of 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ng induced some IgE and IgA antibodies. A single p.o. administration of 4 × 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; ng of antigen induced an antibody response of the IgG class. Pretreatment of animals with 4 × 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; ng of PO-BGG orally prior to the 10-day periods of s.c. injections suppressed the IgE antibody responses by 80% but enhanced the IgG antibody response. It was concluded that IgE antibody responses can be induced in rats and mice by daily s.c. administration of small doses of a variety of antigens without the use of any adjuvants. Antibody responses of the other isotypes may also be raised by such immunization. Intranasal and p.o. administration is less efficient in this respect, possibly requiring much higher antigen doses. The protocol for s.c. immunization appears to be suitable for studies of the regulation of an allergic immune response.
A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Approach for Multi-Stage Security-Constrained Transmission Expansion Planning (2011)

The transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem in modern power systems is a large-scale, mixed-integer, non-linear and non-convex problem. Although remarkable advances have been made in optimization techniques, finding an optimal solution to a problem of this nature can still be extremely challenging. Based on the linearized power flow model, this paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach that considers losses, generator costs and the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> - 1 security constraints for the multi-stage TEP problem. The losses and generator cost are modeled as piecewise linear functions of the line flows and the generator outputs, respectively. The IEEE 24-bus system is used to compare the lossy and the lossless model. The results show that the lossy model provides savings in total cost in the long run. The selection of the best number of piecewise linear sections L is also shown. Then a complete planning framework is presented and a multi-stage TEP is performed on the IEEE 118-bus test system. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is accurate and efficient, and has the potential to be applied to large-scale power system planning problems.
erformance and Reliability Characterization of 1200 V Silicon Carbide Power JFETs at High Temperatures. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
A subset of virus-specific CD161+ T cells selectively express the multidrug transporter MDR1 and are resistant to chemotherapy in AML (2016)

The establishment of long-lived pathogen-specific T cells is a fundamental property of the adaptive immune response. However, the mechanisms underlying long-term persistence of antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are not well-defined. Here we identify a subset of memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells capable of effluxing cellular toxins, including rhodamine (Rho), through the multidrug efflux protein MDR1 (also known as P-glycoprotein and ABCB1). Drug-effluxing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were characterized as CD161<sup>+</sup>CD95<sup>+</sup>CD45RA<sup>-</sup>CD127<sup>hi</sup>CD28<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>int</sup> cells with a distinct chemokine profile and a Th1-polarized pro-inflammatory phenotype. CD4<sup>+</sup>CD161<sup>+</sup>Rho-effluxing T cells proliferated vigorously in response to stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads and gave rise to CD161<sup>-</sup> progeny in vitro. These cells were also capable of self-renewal and maintained their phenotypic and functional characteristics when cultured with homeostatic cytokines. Multidrug-effluxing CD4<sup>+</sup>CD161<sup>+</sup> T cells were enriched within the viral-specific Th1 repertoire of healthy donors and patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and survived exposure to daunorubicin chemotherapy in vitro. Multidrug-effluxing CD4<sup>+</sup>CD161<sup>+</sup> T cells also resisted chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in vivo and underwent significant expansion in AML patients rendered lymphopenic after chemotherapy, contributing to the repopulation of anti-CMV immunity. Finally, after influenza vaccination, the proportion of influenza-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells coexpressing CD161 was significantly higher after 2 years compared with 4 weeks after immunization, suggesting CD161 is a marker for long-lived antigen-specific memory T cells. These findings suggest that CD4<sup>+</sup>CD161<sup>+</sup> T cells with rapid efflux capacity contribute to the maintenance of viral-specific memory T cells. These data provide novel insights into mechanisms that preserve antiviral immunity in patients undergoing chemotherapy and have implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Abnormal elastic modulus behavior in a crystalline–amorphous core–shell nanowire system (2018)

We investigated the elastic modulus behavior of crystalline InAs/amorphous Al2O3 core-shell heterostructured nanowires with shell thicknesses varying between 10 and 90 nm by conducting in situ tensile tests inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Counterintuitively, the elastic modulus behaviors of InAs/Al2O3 core-shell nanowires differ greatly from those of bulk-scale composite materials, free from size effects. According to our results, the elastic modulus of InAs/Al2O3 core-shell nanowires increases, peaking at a shell thickness of 40 nm, and then decreases in the range of 50-90 nm. This abnormal behavior is attributed to the continuous decrease in the elastic modulus of the Al2O3 shell as the thickness increases, which is caused by changes in the atomic/electronic structure during the atomic layer deposition process and the relaxation of residual stress/strain in the shell transferred from the interfacial mismatch between the core and shell materials. A novel method for estimating the elastic modulus of the shell in a heterostructured core-shell system was suggested by considering these two effects, and the predictions from the suggested method coincided well with the experimental results. We also found that the former and latter effects account for 89% and 11% of the change in the elastic modulus of the shell. This study provides new insight by showing that the size dependency, which is caused by the inhomogeneity of the atomic/electronic structure and the residual stress/strain, must be considered to evaluate the mechanical properties of heterostructured nanowires.
The Relative Biological Effectiveness of<sup>60</sup>Co γ-rays, 55 kVp X-rays, 250 kVp X-rays, and 11 MeV Electrons at Low Doses (1992)

The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of selected low-LET radiation modalities (55 kVp X-rays, 250 kVp X-rays, 60Co gamma-rays, and 11 MeV electrons) was investigated for survival of two cell lines (V79 and CHO). Detailed measurements were made in the low (0 to 3 Gy) dose range using an image cytometry device to accurately determine the number of cells assayed at each dose point. Data were also collected in the high dose range (0 to 10 Gy) using conventional counting and plating techniques. RBE values (+/- 1 SE) varied from 1.0 +/- 0.07 (V79 cells) and 1.2 +/- 0.05 (CHO cells) at high doses to 1.3 +/- 0.07 (V79) and 1.4 +/- 0.1 (CHO) at low doses for 55 kVp X-rays, from 1.1 +/- 0.05 (V79) and 1.1 +/- 0.04 (CHO) at high doses to 1.1 +/- 0.06 (V79) and 1.2 +/- 0.2 (CHO) at low doses for 250 kVp X-rays, and from 1.1 +/- 0.08 (V79) and 1.0 +/- 0.04 (CHO) at high doses to 1.0 +/- 0.06 (V79) and 0.9 +/- 0.1 (CHO) at low doses for 11 MeV electrons. Only the low and high dose RBEs for 55 kVp X-rays relative to 60Co gamma-rays were significantly different.
Surface Functionalization by Monolayers of Immobilized Thiophene-based Linear pi-Conjugated Systems (2008)

Date du colloque&nbsp;: 10/2008
PLAST-ncRNA: Partition function Local Alignment Search Tool for non-coding RNA sequences (2010)

Alignment-based programs are valuable tools for finding potential homologs in genome sequences. Previously, it has been shown that partition function posterior probabilities attuned to local alignment achieve a high accuracy in identifying distantly similar non-coding RNA sequences that are hidden in a large genome. Here, we present an online implementation of that alignment algorithm based on such probabilities. Our server takes as input a query RNA sequence and a large genome sequence, and outputs a list of hits that are above a mean posterior probability threshold. The output is presented in a format suited to local alignment. It can also be viewed within the PLAST alignment viewer applet that provides a list of all hits found and highlights regions of high posterior probability within each local alignment. The server is freely available at http://plastrna.njit.edu.
Recirculating linear accelerator (RLA) injector and accelerating cavity improvements (1989)

Concerns about low-{gamma} relativistic electron beams (REB) being initially injected into the RLA and about energy spreads due to degradation of the accelerating cavity repeating pulse shapes have resulted in our designing a new 4-MV, 20-kA injector, improving the 24-switch trigger system for the ET-2 cavity, and identifying critical factors in the cavity design that affect the pulse shape. We summarize the Metglas inductively isolated, stacked cavity injector design and report on the improvements (completed and proposed) for the ET-2 cavity pulsed power. 7 refs., 6 figs.
Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a finely structured medium (1996)

The Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a finely layered material, with the layers oriented normally to the direction of the gravity force, is considered. It turns out that, in such a system, velocity perturbation in the most dangerous modes contains a significant and strongly nonuniform shear component that causes an increase of the viscous dissipation. Growth rates of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability for some specific examples of these fine structures are found. The conclusion is drawn that, although the viscous dissipation indeed increases, it remains insufficient to strongly reduce the growth rate of the large-scale perturbations. Possible situations where this conclusion would become invalid (and where the fine structure would produce a stronger stabilization of the global mode) are discussed.
Thermal and Combustion Properties of Energetic Thin Films with Carbon Nanotubes (2017)

The effect of varying carbon nanotube concentration on ignition delay, flame speed, and electrical and thermal conductivity of three-dimensional printable energetic thin films made of magnesium and manganese oxide was investigated. Polyvinylidene fluoride was used as the binder for depositing the stoichiometric mixture into thin films with an average thickness of using an extrusion-based blade-casting method. Four films with a 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt % carbon nanotube were prepared. The ignition delay and flame speed of the films were measured using high-speed imaging techniques. Electrical and thermal conductivities were also measured. Results show that the inclusion of a 1.5 wt % carbon nanotube in the /polyvinylidene fluoride films improved their flame speed by 440% and electrical conductance by two orders of magnitude (from 4.23 to 655.33 nS) and decreased ignition delay by 87.2%. Interconnectivity of carbon nanotubes in the films was estimated using a basic percolation model. Films with a 1.5 wt % carbon nanotube demonstrated the highest interconnectivity, which aided improved thermal and electrical energy transport, thereby improving combustion performance. The development of three-dimensional extruded thin films with tailorable thermal and combustion parameters is a precursor for the additive manufacturing of energetic materials.
Endovascular Repair of Ascending Aortic Pathologies With Tubular Endografts: A Single-Center Experience (2019)

<b>Purpose:</b> To investigate the endovascular treatment of ascending aortic pathologies of high-risk patients unsuitable for open repair. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> From 2010 to 2017, 24 patients (mean age 70±15 years, range 29-90; 18 men) were treated at a single center for various pathologies of the ascending aorta, including acute or chronic type A aortic dissections (n=16), pseudoaneurysms (n=6), fixation of a dislocated percutaneous aortic valve (n=2), and miscellaneous indications (n=3). The patients were selected following an interdisciplinary case evaluation, attended by cardiologists and cardiac and vascular surgeons. The Zenith Ascend TAA Endovascular Graft was implanted; simultaneous procedures were performed in 13 patients. Of the total 27 Ascend TEVAR procedures (24 primary and 3 reinterventions), 17 were performed urgently and 10 electively. The primary outcome measure was 30-day survival. The secondary outcomes were cardiovascular complications, midterm survival, and reintervention rate. <b>Results:</b> Clinical success was achieved in all but 1 case. The 30-day survival was 79% (19/24); of the 5 deaths only 1 was directly related to the endograft implanted. In the 30-day postoperative period, there was 1 myocardial infarction, 2 major strokes, a mycotic pseudoaneurysm, a case of Ascend TEVAR-induced high-grade aortic insufficiency, and a minor stroke; 1 patient developed paraplegia after concurrent implantation of a 4-branched abdominal stent-graft. Two patients had a reintervention within 30 days for the pseudoaneurysm and the aortic insufficiency, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 11 months (0-35 months), there was 1 late death (cancer) and 1 additional reintervention at 10 months for a late type Ia endoleak (12.5% reintervention rate). <b>Conclusion:</b> Endovascular repair of ascending aortic pathologies with stent-grafts is a feasible treatment option with acceptable early and midterm outcomes in high-risk patients unsuitable for open surgery. The complexity of Ascend TEVAR might justify higher reintervention rates.
Isolated movement zone for interacting draw points in underground mining: dilation effects (2009)

The success of the underground mining procedure is based on a good characterization of the rock flow inside the cave. The Kinematic model, used in the granular flow description in hoppers, has been applied to describe experimental situations aimed at sketching the mine operation. The local packing changes occurring at early stages of rock motion that affect the loosening zone is taken into account by introducing a dilation front propagating upward. The dynamics of the dilation front limits the extent of the flow generated by the drawing process allowing the assessment of the loosening zone. Based on the linear character of the kinematic model, it is shown that loosening zone resulting from simultaneous and alternating extractions differ significantly depending on the separation distance between the drawpoints as has been observed experimentally. Based on these finding a brief discussion on optimization of drawpoints distance is given.
Development, Mechanism, and Scope of the Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allene Diboration (2007)

In the presence of a chiral phosphoramidite ligand, the palladium-catalyzed diboration of allenes can be executed with high enantioselectivity. This reaction provides high levels of selectivity with a range of aromatic and aliphatic allene substrates. Isotopic-labeling experiments, stereodifferentiating reactions, kinetic analysis, and computational experiments suggest that the catalytic cycle proceeds by a mechanism involving rate-determining oxidative addition of the diboron to Pd followed by transfer of both boron groups to the unsaturated substrate. This transfer reaction most likely occurs by coordination and insertion of the more accessible terminal alkene of the allene substrate, by a mechanism that directly provides the eta3 pi-allyl complex in a stereospecific, concerted fashion.