gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastic-DF: Scaling Performance of DNN Inference in FPGA Clouds through Automatic Partitioning (2021)

Customized compute acceleration in the datacenter is key to the wider roll-out of applications based on deep neural network (DNN) inference. In this article, we investigate how to maximize the performance and scalability of field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based pipeline dataflow DNN inference accelerators (DFAs) automatically on computing infrastructures consisting of multi-die, network-connected FPGAs. We present Elastic-DF, a novel resource partitioning tool and associated FPGA runtime infrastructure that integrates with the DNN compiler FINN. Elastic-DF allocates FPGA resources to DNN layers and layers to individual FPGA dies to maximize the total performance of the multi-FPGA system. In the resulting Elastic-DF mapping, the accelerator may be instantiated multiple times, and each instance may be segmented across multiple FPGAs transparently, whereby the segments communicate peer-to-peer through 100 Gbps Ethernet FPGA infrastructure, without host involvement. When applied to ResNet-50, Elastic-DF provides a 44% latency decrease on Alveo U280. For MobileNetV1 on Alveo U200 and U280, Elastic-DF enables a 78% throughput increase, eliminating the performance difference between these cards and the larger Alveo U250. Elastic-DF also increases operating frequency in all our experiments, on average by over 20%. Elastic-DF therefore increases performance portability between different sizes of FPGA and increases the critical throughput per cost metric of datacenter inference.
Targeted temperature management is related to improved clinical outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with non-shockable initial rhythm (2019)

Objective: The benefits of targeted temperature management (TTM) for resuscitated out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with an initial non-shockable rhythm are still unclear. This study examined whether TTM reduces the mortality and improves the neurological outcomes of OHCA with a non-shockable initial rhythm.
 Methods: This study analyzed the clinical outcome of 401 resuscitated patients with an initial non-shockable rhythm among a total of 1,616 OHCA patients who were registered in Cardiac Arrest Pursuit Trial with Unique Registration and Epidemiologic Surveillance. The impact of TTM was investigated after accounting for the patients’ propensity for TTM. The primary outcome was a 30-day in-hospital course with a neurologically favorable outcome defined by a cerebral performance categories scale ≤2. 
Results: TTM was performed in 89 patients (22%) with an initial non-shockable rhythm. Patients who has received TTM had a tendency to be younger, more likely to be female, and more likely to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. The clinical outcome of the patients in the initial non-shockable rhythm treated by TTM was superior to those without TTM (hazard ratio [HR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-0.46). Further analysis after propensity score matching or inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) showed consistent findings (propensity score matching: HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22-0.45; IPTW: HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.31-0.52; P<0.001, all). 
Conclusion: In this nationwide OHCA registry, TTM was related to an approximately three-fold better 30-day neurologically favorable survival of resuscitated patients with TTM treatment than patients without TTM in the initial non-shockable rhythm.
Poster — Thur Eve — 05: Semi‐Automated Segmentation of Lung Tumours on CT Scans Using Level Set Sparse Field Active Model (2010)

We present a semi‐automated algorithm for segmenting lung tumours on chest computed tomography (CT) images to be utilized for monitoring tumour response or progression. Seven lung tumours were evaluated; each tumour was radially sliced into 10 slices for a total of 70 radial slices, and manually segmented. The manual segmentations were used as the ground truth for evaluating the proposed algorithm. The tumour image on each radial slice was classified into two categories: (1) well‐defined boundaries, located centrally in the lung parenchyma without significant vasculature; and (2) vascularized or juxtapleural (VJ). To segment the well‐defined boundaries, a shape constrained multi‐thresholding technique with one user‐defined seed point on the tumour is applied. For vascularized and juxtapleural tumours, this multi‐thresholding technique provided an initial contour that was deformed by a level set sparse field active model to produce the final segmentation for these tumours. The dice index (DI) measure was adopted to evaluate the segmentation results. The average and standard deviation values of the DI for the well‐defined and VJ images were 96.32 ± 1.12% and 95.19 ± 1.58%, respectively. The DI overall average and standard deviation of the 70 slices was 95.50 ± 1.55%. The preliminary results show that using the proposed algorithm produced accurate results.
Long-term Outcome of Shelf Grafts in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Developmental Hip Dysplasia (2009)

Primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with osteoarthrosis secondary to developmental hip dysplasia is often complex due to anterolateral acetabular bone deficiency. The use of femoral head (shelf) autograft during the index arthroplasty provides nonimmunogenic, osteoconductive support with the potential for enhanced bone stock should revision surgery be required. Few long-term studies document the outcome of the use of shelf grafts in primary THA or quantify the need for further bone graft at revision surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted of a single surgeon's series of 31 THAs performed in 25 patients with developmental hip dysplasia. Postoperative biplanar radiographic analysis was performed at 3 and 6 months and annually thereafter for a mean of 14 years (range, 8-18 years). Grafts were assessed for union, resorption, and displacement. The need for acetabular bone graft at revision surgery was recorded. Bony union was observed in 93% of cases; fibrous union developed in the remaining 7%. There was no graft displacement. In 71% of cases, less than one-third of the graft had resorbed; one-third to one-half had resorbed in the remaining 29% of cases. Of 10 patients revised (all for loosening of the acetabular component), 2 required structural allograft for inadequate bone stock. Femoral head autograft allows effective acetabular coverage with excellent rates of union, exhibits minimal graft resorption in the long-term, and rarely requires further acetabular allograft in revision surgery.
Prediction of Packing Density of Milled Powder Based on Packing Simulation and Particle Shape Analysis (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Brief communication The role of tissue adaptation and graft size in immune tolerance (2007)

Understanding how immune tolerance is induced and maintained is critical for our approach to immune-related diseases. Ecoimmunity is a new theory that views the immune system–tissue interaction as a co-adapting predator–prey system. Ecoimmunity suggests that tissues adapt to the selective immune pressure during ontogeny and throughout life. Therefore, immune tolerance towards ‘self’ represents a symmetric balance between the propensity of the immune system to prey on ‘self’ cells, and the tissue's specific capacity to undergo phenotypic adaptations in order to avoid destructive immune interaction. According to this theory, we hypothesized that tissues of adult immune-deficient mice, which are not exposed to selective immune pressure, will not withstand immune activity and will therefore display higher susceptibility to graft rejection. To test this prediction, C57Bl/6 wild type female mice were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin and transplanted with syngeneic pancreatic islets isolated from either immune-deficient C57Bl/6 SCID or wild type females. Remarkably, recipients of islet grafts from immune-deficient syngeneic donors displayed significantly impaired glucose homeostasis compared to mice transplanted with islets of wild type donors (pb0.001, two way repeated measures ANOVA). The severity of this impairment was correlated with islet graft size, suggesting a capacity of transplanted islets to gradually acquire a tolerogenic phenotype. These findings support the view of graft survival that is based on ‘natural selection’ of tissue cells. In addition, we describe a new experimental system for molecular characterization of self-tolerance. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Distortion Mitigation in Millimeter-Wave Interferometric Radar Angular Velocity Estimation Using Signal Response Decomposition (2021)

A new method of distortion mitigation for multitarget interferometric angular velocity estimation in millimeter-wave radar is presented. In general, when multiple targets are present, the response of a correlation interferometer is corrupted by intermodulation distortion, making it difficult to estimate individual target angular velocities. We present a distortion mitigation method that works by decomposing the responses at each antenna element into the responses from the individual targets. Data association is performed to match individual target responses at each antenna such that cross-correlation is performed only between associated targets. Thus, the intermodulation distortion (cross-terms) from correlating unlike targets are eliminated, and the result is a frequency response whose individual frequencies are proportional to the angular velocities of the targets. We demonstrate the approach with a custom 40 GHz interferometric radar, a high-accuracy motion capture system which provides ground-truth position measurements, and two robotic platforms. The multitarget experiments consist of three scenarios, designed to represent easy, medium, and difficult cases for the distortion mitigation technique. We show that the reduction in distortion yields angular velocity estimation errors in the three cases of less than $0.008$ rad/s, $0.020$ rad/s, and $0.033$ rad/s for the easy, medium, and hard cases, respectively.
Magnetic amplifying magneto-optical systems: physics and applications (2004)

This thesis describes the theoretical and experimental investigation of magnetic amplifying magneto optical systems (MAMMOS) along with the conception of two applications based on MAMMOS. The work has six major accomplishments. First, a simplified model of MAMMOS was created. The model determines if bits are read by testing the nucleation condition in the readout layer. The model's output provides insight into the operation of MAMMOS and was used in the performance analysis of various MAMMOS recording schemes. 
Second, the expansion of domains in the readout layer was modeled. In the model, domain wall forces are calculated and used to move the wall until a stable condition is found in the system. The expansion and MAMMOS models were integrated to create a complete system model. Using this model, the size and shape of domains expanded in MAMMOS can be investigated. 
Third, the domain expansion speed in the MAMMOS readout layer was experimentally investigated. The read back signal was measured in a working MAMMOS system using an ultra-fast monolithic photodetector/amplifier chip. The measured expansion and collapse occurred in less than 2 and approximately 5 ns respectively, indicating the limiting factor to MAMMOS speeds may be the collapse process. 
Fourth, a new method of encoding and reading information in MAMMOS using the position of domains was introduced and theoretically investigated. The new domain position detection (DPD)-MAMMOS technique provides several advantages including a lower clock frequency, larger power margins, and integrated clock recovery. Using the model, DPD-MAMMOS was shown to outperform other systems for position noise levels less than 30 nm. 
Fifth, a new read only memory (ROM) structure that is compatible with and has the density advantages of MAMMOS was introduced and investigated. This MAMMOS-ROM is a low-cost, single-layer ROM which is similar to a compact disc (CD) in production. 
Sixth, a new technique was introduced for measuring nucleation coercivity distributions in magneto-optic (MO) films using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Using this technique, it was determined that the small area nucleation coercivity of the MAMMOS readout layer is greater than its bulk coercivity by a factor of 10 or more.
Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy for Benign Renal Anomalies (2009)

Although laparoscopic heminephrectomy is challenging because of the variable blood supply and abnormal anatomy of the kidney, with careful planning and attention to detail, the procedure is safe and effective for the management of a wide range of benign renal anomalies that necessitate heminephrectomy and offers the usual recovery advantages of laparoscopy.
Exploiting Ultrashort α,β-Peptides in the Colloidal Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles (2021)

Colloidal gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have found wide-ranging applications in nanomedicine due to their unique optical properties, ease of preparation, and functionalization. To avoid the formation of GNP aggregates in the physiological environment, molecules such as lipids, polysaccharides, or polymers are employed as GNP coatings. Here, we present the colloidal stabilization of GNPs using ultrashort α,β-peptides containing the repeating unit of a diaryl β<sup>2,3</sup>-amino acid and characterized by an extended conformation. Differently functionalized GNPs have been characterized by ultraviolet, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy analysis, allowing us to define the best candidate that inhibits the aggregation of GNPs not only in water but also in mouse serum. In particular, a short tripeptide was found to be able to stabilize GNPs in physiological media over 3 months. This new system has been further capped with albumin, obtaining a material with even more colloidal stability and ability to prevent the formation of a thick protein corona in physiological media.
A K-band (HTS,gold)/ferroelectric thin film/dielectric diplexer for a discriminator-locked tunable oscillator (1999)

The performance of a K-band conductor/ferroelectric thin film/dielectric tunable diplexer that is being developed as a critical part of a discriminator-locked tunable oscillator will be discussed. This diplexer consists of two K-band (18 to 22 GHz), two-pole YBCO/SrTiO/sub 3//LaAlO/sub 3/ bandpass filters coupled to the microwave signal input port through a 50 /spl Omega/ power splitter. When tested independently at 77 K and varying bias of /spl plusmn/400 V, these filters exhibited a passband frequency shift greater than 1.7 GHz, while maintaining a non-deembedded insertion loss near 2.0 dB. Electromagnetic modeling results for the diplexer indicate that varying the dielectric constant of the SrTiO/sub 3/ from 3000 (/spl sim/77 K) to 500 (/spl sim/300 K) will shift the diplexer's "cross-over" frequency from 19 to 21 GHz, with only minor variations in insertion loss. Measurements at 298 K of this diplexer circuit using a gold/SrTiO/sub 3// LaAlO/sub 3/ structure resulted in non-deembedded insertion losses of 3.3 dB and 2.5 dB at the filters' maxima at 20.65 and 22.43 GHz, respectively, with a cross-over frequency at 21.07 GHz. These room temperature results are consistent with modeling. The measured characteristics of YBCO/SrTiO/sub 3//LaAlO/sub 3/ diplexers at cryogenic temperatures will be presented.
Understanding Merrell Dow: Federal Question Jurisdiction for State-Federal Hybrid Cases (1999)

federal hybrid cases 7 has led many lower federal courts to severely restrict access to federal question jurisdiction. 8 Moreover, the Court's unprecedented use of the implied remedy doctrine in analyzing the jurisdictional issue has led commentators to criticize Merrell Dow's reasoning. 9 But Merrell Dow is not as restrictive as many courts and commentators think.In fact, the reasoning in Merrell Dow appears largely to parallel portions of Professor Cohen's classic article on federal question jurisdiction, which advocates a flexible, pragmatic approach. 10When Merrell Dow is read in conjunction with both its statements of underlying jurisdiction principles and Professor Cohen's article, The Broken Compass: The Requirement That a Case Arise "Directly" Under Federal Law ("The Broken Compass"), a more flexible approach for federal question jurisdiction emerges. 11Furtheremore, a comparative reading of Merrell Dow and The Broken Compass places the Court's use of the implied remedy doctrine in the context of this flexible, pragmatic approach. 12In the meantime though, lower federal courts faced with cases on the fringe of federal question jurisdiction, especially state-federal hybrid cases, have struggled to identify a single workable test. 13 Courts have even more difficulty when faced with these issues in the context of removal jurisdiction. 14 This Note argues that a proper understanding of Merrell Dow does not limit federal question jurisdiction to only those cases alleging a federal cause of action.Instead, Merrell Dow articulates a pragmatic test for federal question jurisdiction in which a federal remedy is just one factor.To focus the discussion, 7. The term "state-federal hybrid case" is used in this Note to refer to cases in which the wellpleaded complaint states a cause of action requiring resolution of both state and federal law issues.8. See
An international challenge to use artificial intelligence to define the state-of-the-art in kidney and kidney tumor segmentation in CT imaging. (2020)

626 Background: The 2019 Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation challenge (KiTS19) was an international competition held in conjunction with the 2019 International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) and sought to stimulate progress on this automatic segmentation frontier. Growing rates of kidney tumor incidence led to research into the use of artificial inteligence (AI) to radiographically differentiate and objectively characterize these tumors. Automated segmentation using AI objectively quantifies complexity and aggression of renal tumors to better differentiate and describe the tumors for improved treatment decision making. Methods: A training set of over 31,000 CT images from 210 patients with kidney tumors was publicly released with corresponding semantic segmentation masks. 106 teams from five continents used this data to develop automated deep learning systems to predict the true segmentation masks on a test set of an additional 13,500 CT images in 90 patients for which the corresponding ground truth segmentations were kept private. These predictions were scored and ranked according to their average Sørensen-Dice coefficient between kidney and tumor across the 90 test cases. Results: The winning team achieved a Dice of 0.974 for kidney and 0.851 for tumor, approaching the human inter-annotator performance on kidney (0.983) but falling short on tumor (0.923). This challenge has now entered an “open leaderboard” phase where it serves as a challenging benchmark in 3D semantic segmentation. Conclusions: Results of the KiTS19 challenge show deep learning methods are fully capable of reliable segmentation of kidneys and kidney tumors. The KiTS19 challenge attracted a high number of submissions and serves as an important and challenging benchmark in 3D segmentation. The publicly available data will further propel the use of automated 3D segmentation analysis. Fully segmented kidneys and tumors allow for automated calculation of all types of nephrometry, tumor textural variation and discovery of new predictive features important for personalized medicine and accurate prediction of patient relevant outcomes.
Compact circular polarized antenna for mobile reception of radio signals transmitted by geostationary satellites (2010)

Mobile usage of satellite services requires special antennas for optimum exploit of the available link margin. Especially for radio services transmitting via geostationary satellites, an antenna with optimum shaped radiation pattern and circular polarized field is presented. The antenna consists of two parts, a horizontal structure for horizontal polarization and a vertical structure for vertical polarization. The combination of the two parts allows for optimized power ratio and phasing and therefore variable axial ratio. This is useful e.g. with respect to a polarization diversity application with 4 antennas. Antenna characteristics are investigated by simulations and measurement. To ensure the performance of the antenna in real applications the characteristics are investigated on different chassis.
Designing digital IIR low-pass differentiators with multi-objective optimization (2012)

In this paper we examine the possibility of designing IIR low-pass differentiators by approaching it as a weighted multi-objective optimization problem and solving it with an unbiased metaheuristic search algorithm. By collecting several solutions with different sets of weights we are able to make a thorough comparison of different design strategies. We present possible designs that are realizable with (1) cascading classical IIR low-pass filters with appropriate operators, and (2) non-cascaded general IIR differentiator designs. Elliptical filters are found to be the most magnitude-optimal among the first type. However, the non-cascaded approach found more optimal IIR differentiators at the expense of a more complicated search. Finally, we present some non-cascaded general designs that compare favorably with the available designs given in literature, and which we reason are nearly optimal.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Yersinia virulence depends on mimicry of host Rho-family nucleotide dissociation inhibitors. (2006)

Yersinia spp. cause gastroenteritis and the plague, representing historically devastating pathogens that are currently an important biodefense and antibiotic resistance concern. A critical virulence determinant is the Yersinia protein kinase A, or YpkA, a multidomain protein that disrupts the eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton. Here we solve the crystal structure of a YpkA-Rac1 complex and find that YpkA possesses a Rac1 binding domain that mimics host guanidine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) of the Rho GTPases. YpkA inhibits nucleotide exchange in Rac1 and RhoA, and mutations that disrupt the YpkA-GTPase interface abolish this activity in vitro and impair in vivo YpkA-induced cytoskeletal disruption. In cell culture experiments, the kinase and the GDI domains of YpkA act synergistically to promote cytoskeletal disruption, and a Y. pseudotuberculosis mutant lacking YpkA GDI activity shows attenuated virulence in a mouse infection assay. We conclude that virulence in Yersinia depends strongly upon mimicry of host GDI proteins by YpkA. PMID: 16959567 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01AI433890 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: 1U19AI056510
Unsupervised Alignment of Privacy Policies using Hidden Markov Models (2014)

To support empirical study of online privacy policies, as well as tools for users with privacy concerns, we consider the problem of aligning sections of a thousand policy documents, based on the issues they address. We apply an unsupervised HMM; in two new (and reusable) evaluations, we find the approach more effective than clustering and topic models.