gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive wireless channel probing for shared key generation (2011)

Generating a shared key between two parties from the wireless channel is of increasing interest. The procedure for obtaining information from wireless channel is called channel probing. Previous works used a constant channel probing rate to generate a key, but they neither consider the tradeoff between the bit generation rate (BGR) and channel resource consumption, nor adjust the probing rate according to different scenarios. In order to satisfy users' requirement for BGR and to use the wireless channel efficiently, we first build a mathematical model of channel probing and derive the relationship between BGR and probing rate. Second, we introduce an adaptive channel probing system based on Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZ76) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. Our scheme uses LZ76 to estimate the entropy rate of the channel statistics, e.g. the Received Signal Strength (RSS), and uses the PID controller to control the channel probing rate. Our experiments show that this system is able to dynamically adjust its probing rate to achieve a desired BGR under different moving speeds, different mobile types, and different sites. Our results also show that the standard deviation of the LZ76 calculator is less than 0.15 bits/s. The PID controller is able to stabilize the bit generation rate at a desired value with mean error of less than 0.9 bits/s.
A new class of regulatory genes underlying the cause of pear-shaped tomato fruit (2002)

A common, recurring theme in domesticated plants is the occurrence of pear-shaped fruit. A major quantitative trait locus (termed ovate) controlling the transition from round to pear-shaped fruit has been cloned from tomato. OVATE is expressed early in flower and fruit development and encodes a previously uncharacterized, hydrophilic protein with a putative bipartite nuclear localization signal, Von Willebrand factor type C domains, and an approximately equal 70-aa C-terminal domain conserved in tomato, Arabidopsis, and rice. A single mutation, leading to a premature stop codon, causes the transition of tomato fruit from round- to pear-shaped. Moreover, ectopic, transgenic expression of OVATE unevenly reduces the size of floral organs and leaflets, suggesting that OVATE represents a previously uncharacterized class of negative regulatory proteins important in plant development.
Ab Initio Calculations and Kinetic Modeling of Halon and Halon Replacements (1996)

Paper for the 1996 Halon Options Technical Working Conference (HOTWC). This paper discusses ab initio calculations and kinetic modeling of halon and halon replacements.
Monitored steady-state excitation and recovery (MSSR) radiation force imaging using viscoelastic models (2008)

Acoustic radiation force imaging methods distinguish tissue structure and composition by monitoring tissue responses to applied radiation force excitations. Although these responses are a complex, multidimensional function of the geometric and viscoelastic nature of tissue, simplified discrete biomechanical models offer meaningful insight to the physical phenomena that govern induced tissue motion. Applying Voigt and standard linear viscoelastic tissue models, we present a new radiation force technique - monitored steady-state excitation and recovery (MSSER) imaging - that tracks both steady-state displacement during prolonged force application and transient response following force cessation to estimate tissue mechanical properties such as elasticity and viscosity. In concert with shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) estimates for Young's modulus, MSSER methods are useful for estimating tissue mechanical properties independent of the applied force magnitude. We test our methods in gelatin phantoms and excised pig muscle, with confirmation through mechanical property measurement. Our results measured 10.6 kPa, 14.7 kPa, and 17.1 kPa (gelatin) and 122.4 kPa (pig muscle) with less than 10% error. This work demonstrates the feasibility of MSSER imaging and merits further efforts to incorporate relevant mechanical tissue models into the development of novel radiation force imaging techniques.
A novel family of subspace methods---protoface and its kernel version (2002)

In this paper, we present a novel feature extraction called the protoface. While the Eigenface is based on principal component analysis and the Fisherface on Fisher&amp;apos;s linear discriminant analysis, the protoface only requires decomposing the covariance matrix of the prototypes that can better describe whole observations. It is thus more computationally e#cient especially when the number of the observations is large. Moreover, instead of using the method of multivariate analysis of variance, protoface relies on the analysis of distance. It is thus more appropriate in situations where the assumptions of normality of the observations are violated. Besides, by using the kernel trick, we also obtain a kernel protoface in the feature space defined by the kernel. Finally, we apply our methods to face recognition, and experimental results on both the AT&amp;amp;T and Yale databases are reported.
cvxEDA: a Convex Optimization Approach to Electrodermal Activity Processing (2015)

Results are very encouraging, showing good performance of the proposed method and suggesting promising future applicability, e.g., in the field of affective computing.
[From routine acylation towards stable sigma-complexes of pyrimidine: carbon protonation of the pyrimdine-ring]. (2004)

It is well known, that the ring nitrogen of pyrimidine possesses basic property, electron donating groups increase basicity. According to literature data published so far pyrimidines protonate at the ring nitrogen. The present paper gives brief account of the C(5) carbon-protonation observed among triaminopyrimidine derivatives, which in some cases results in stable sigma-complexes. Steric and electronic effects responsible for carbon-protonation are investigated in simple C(5) substituted 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine derivatives. We show new stable sigma-complexes in the triaminopyrimidine series. The paper summarizes, in Hungarian, our recently published results (J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 125, 2535-2540, 2003) as well as our new results presented in the symposium ,,Gyógyszerkémiai Gyógyszertechnológiai Szimpózium 2003".
High-performance waveguide photodetectors based on lateral Si/Ge/Si heterojunction (2019)

On-chip light detection is universally regarded as a key functionality that enables myriad of applications, including optical communications, sensing, health monitoring or object recognition, to name a few. Silicon is widely used in the micro-electronics industry. However, its electronics bandgap precludes the fabrication of high-performance photodetectors that operate at wavelengths longer that 1.1 μm, a spectral range harnessed by optical communication windows of low fiber attenuation and dispersion. Conversely, Germanium, a group-IV semiconductor as Silicon, with a cut-off wavelength of ~1.8 &mu;m, yields efficient light detection at near-infrared wavelengths. Germanium-based photodetectors are mature building blocks in the library of silicon nanophotonic devices, with a low dark-current, a fast response, a high responsivity and low power consumption with an established fabrication flow. In this work, we report on the design, fabrication and operation of waveguide pin photodetectors that advantageously exploit lateral Silicon/Germanium/Silicon heterojunctions. Devices were fabricated on 200 mm silicon-on-insulator substrates using standard micro-electronics production tools and processes. This photodetector architecture takes advantage of the compatibility with contact process steps of silicon modulators, thereby offering substantially reduced fabrication complexity for transmitters and receivers, while providing improved optical characteristics. More specifically, at a lowbias reverse voltage of -1 V, we experimentally achieved dark-currents lower that 10 nA, a device photo-responsivity up to 1.1 A/W, and large 3-dB opto-electrical bandwidths over 50 GHz. In addition, high-speed data rate transmission measurements via eye diagram inspection have been conducted, with pin photodetector operation at the conventional 10 Gbps up to the future 40 Gbps link speeds.
Multichannel detection for correlated non-Gaussian random processes based on innovations (1995)

The paper addresses the problem of multichannel signal detection in additive correlated non-Gaussian noise using the innovations approach. Although this problem has been addressed extensively for the case of additive Gaussian noise, the corresponding problem for the non-Gaussian case has received limited attention. This is due to the fact that there is no unique specification for the joint probability density function (PDF) of N correlated non-Gaussian random variables. The authors overcome this problem by using the theory of spherically invariant random processes (SIRPs) and derive the innovations-based detector. It is found that the optimal estimators for obtaining the innovations, processes are linear and that the resulting detector is canonical for the class of PDFs arising from SIRPs. The authors also present a performance analysis of the innovations-based detector for the case of a K-distributed SIRP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An algorithm for identification of bacterial selenocysteine insertion sequence elements and selenoprotein genes (2005)

We developed a bacterial SECIS consensus model, the key feature of which is a conserved guanosine in a small apical loop of the properly positioned structure. This consensus was used to build a computational tool, bSECISearch, for detection of bacterial SECIS elements and selenoprotein genes in sequence databases. The program identified 96.5% of known selenoprotein genes in completely sequenced bacterial genomes and predicted several new selenoprotein genes. Further analysis revealed that the size of bacterial selenoproteomes varied from 1 to 11 selenoproteins. Formate dehydrogenase was present in most selenoproteomes, often as the only selenoprotein family, whereas the occurrence of other selenoproteins was limited. The availability of the bacterial SECIS consensus and the tool for identification of these structures should help in correct annotation of selenoprotein genes and characterization of bacterial selenoproteomes.
A comparison of the reactivities of different carbons for nitric oxide reduction (1996)

Carbon has been recognized to play a significant role in reducing NO in some combustion systems (e.g., fluidized beds) and offers the potential as a reducing agent in other, new applications. In order to more fully appreciate this potential, it is useful to explore what factors influence the reactivity of carbons (and, more generally, chars) towards NO. This paper summarizes what is known about the reactivity of different carbons, and examines some questions raised by the comparison, in light of new experimental results.
Mg doping of GaN layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (2000)

GaN:Mg layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy at 650 °C are investigated. Secondary-ion-mass-spectroscopy measurements reveal uniform Mg doping profiles with very sharp boundaries. The amount of incorporated Mg atoms changes approximately linearly with incident Mg flux. Hall measurements on p-type GaN:Mg layers show that about 1%–2% of all Mg atoms are ionized at room temperature. The hole mobility depends strongly on the hole concentration, varying from μp=24 cm2/V s for p=1.8×1017 cm−3 to μp=7.5 cm2/V s for p=1.4×1018 cm−3. GaN p–n diodes with molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown p regions are analyzed using current–voltage measurements.
A conditional Mitf mouse model of geographic atrophy (GA) (2019)

Abstract Purpose Mice carrying different mutations in the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (Mitf) gene, affect the normal the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) resulting in microphthalmia. The Mitf K243R/K243R ; Tyr::Cre mice have an induced conditional mutation, where Lysine 243 is mutated to Arginine, thus affecting DNA binding. The purpose of this study was to characterize eye development and function in these mutant mice. Our analysis shows retinal degeneration and slow progressive GA in the eyes of these mice. Methods C5BL/6J (wild type) and Mitf K243R/K243R ; Tyr::Cre mice of 1, 3 and 12 months old were used in this study. Fundus and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were taken from wild type and mutant mice. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography (ERG). RNA isolation from posterior eye cups and reverse‐transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) were done to analyze Mitf mRNA expression. Results Bright field images indicate that eyes from B6‐Mitf K243R ; Tyr::Cre mice have alternating areas of severe hypo‐ and hyperpigmentation and vascular abnormalities. OCT images from 1 and 3 months old mutants demonstrated that some regions of the retina have the RPE, photoreceptor and neuronal layers intact, while neighboring areas show severe degeneration of these cell types. However, at one year of age the RPE, photoreceptor and outer retina layers are missing in the mutants. ERG recordings revealed that at 1 and 3 months old the mutants had significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) photopic b‐wave, scotopic a‐ and b‐waves, while at 12 months old the mutant cone and rod ERG responses were flat or severely reduced compared to wild type. Gene expression analysis showed that Mitf expression was elevated in the mutants as compared to wild type, suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Conclusions We have found that mice with the Mitf K243R conditional mutation driven by the Tyr::Cre driver may be the first mouse model of slow progressive retinal GA. This mutant shows similar characteristic as seen in human age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and may therefore provide a model for that disease.
Assessing the Role of Interfacial Electrostatics in Oriented Mineral Nucleation at Charged Organic Monolayers (1997)

Charged organic−aqueous interface electrostatics are assessed in order to clarify potential electrostatic contributions to oriented mineral nucleation at planar organic surfaces. Fatty acid and acidic phospholipid monolayers contacting aqueous solutions of sparingly soluble salts serve as model systems. Monolayer electrostatic parameters and ion distributions in the interfacial aqueous solution are calculated using a Gouy−Chapman−Stern electric double-layer model that incorporates the multiple, multivalent cations and anions found in mineralizing solutions. The calculations provide insight into the relationship between surface-directed crystallization and factors such as ion binding, surface charge density, and interfacial ion concentrations. Variations in crystal nucleation, phase, and morphology observed at charged monolayers are interpreted in terms of calculated departures from lattice ion stoichiometry and pH lowering within the interfacial aqueous solution. Lattice matching is addressed in terms of Stern layer calculations of Ca2+ ion binding at carboxylic acid monolayers. Arguments are presented suggesting that near negatively charged surfaces, soluble ionic species concentrations are enhanced relative to free anion concentrations, and a link between interfacial anion speciation and oriented mineral nucleation is proposed. Implications for biomineralization and template-directed crystallization at planar surfaces are discussed.
Situation assessment using cellular automata paradigm (2002)

The authors have developed algorithms based on the cellular automata (CA) paradigm, designed specifically to exploit the power of massively parallel processors. They introduce the CA concept and consider applications to flight situation assessment. The main objective of situation assessment is to recognize objects of interest and to determine their locations accurately. Both a priori and real-time data must be utilized. A CA consists of a 2D, 3D or higher-dimension grid of real or virtual processors that communicate to nearest neighbors to solve a variety of spatiotemporal problems. CAs may be viewed as abstract mathematical structures or as arrays or message-passing processors engaged in cooperatively resolving global issues. The algorithms have been developed on serial digital computers, utilizing thousands of virtual processors. They run very fast in either serial or parallel environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Influence of steric crowding on hydrogen bonding in anti-cancer quinols (2014)

The quinol 4-(1-benzenesulfonyl-1 H -6-fluoroindol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dienone (1) is strongly active against cancer cells [1]. Two "Michael acceptor" electrophilic β-carbons on the quinol ring are believed necessary for optimal antitumor activity, and disruption of thioredoxin signaling is a possible mechanism of action. As a model for the possible product, the adduct (2) with two molecules of ethanethiol was prepared. These molecules have just one classical hydrogen bond (HB) donor group, the quinol OH, but a surfeit of acceptors, namely one C=O and two SO 2 oxygen atoms (designated O15, O17 and O18) as well as O14, the OH itself. In (1) paired molecules form a R 2 2 (14) ring by O14-H...O17 HB with H...O distance 2.15 Å and O-H...O angle 156°. In (2) the two EtS groups on the same side of the quinol ring as O14 interfere with this motif. Instead, a C(7) chain is formed by less optimal O14-H...O17 HB (2.34 Å and 134°). In apparent compensation, an intramolecular C-H...O HB to O17 is shorter and straighter in (2). In both structures all O atoms accept C-H...O HB. The unit cell dimensions are dissimilar, but a motif persists: one phenyl CH and one indole CH group bite onto the same O atom, O15 in (1) but O18 in (2).
Genital Tuberculosis as the Cause of Tuboovarian Abscess in an Immunosuppressed Patient (2009)

In the differential diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease, internal genital tuberculosis should be considered. Moreover, physicians should consider tuberculous infections early in the work-up of patients when immunosuppressive conditions are present.
Migration and Function of Antigen-Primed Nonpolarized T Lymphocytes in Vivo (2001)

Upon antigenic stimulation, naive T lymphocytes proliferate and a fraction of the activated cells acquire a T helper cell type 1 (Th1) or Th2 phenotype as well as the capacity to migrate to inflamed tissues. However, the antigen-primed T cells that receive a short T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation do not acquire effector function and remain in a nonpolarized state. Using TCR transgenic CD4(+) T cells in an adoptive transfer system, we compared the in vivo migratory capacities of naive, nonpolarized, Th1 or Th2 cells. Although all cell types migrated to the spleen, only naive and nonpolarized T cells efficiently migrated to lymph nodes. In addition Th1, but not Th2, migrated to inflamed tissues. In the lymph nodes, nonpolarized T cells proliferated and acquired effector function in response to antigenic stimulation, displaying lower activation threshold and faster kinetics compared with naive T cells. These results suggest that nonpolarized T cells are in an intermediate state of differentiation characterized by lymph node homing capacity and increased responsiveness that allows them to mount a prompt and effective secondary response.
Multifunctional Diarylethenes (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Electrochemical Ring-Closing and Ring-Opening of DTEs Using Dithienylethenes to Modulate How Chemicals React or Interact with Others Gated Photochromism Reactivity-Gated Photochromism Using the Functional Group Effect Conclusion References
Stimulation of STN impairs aspects of cognitive control in PD (2004)

STN stimulation reduces working memory and response inhibition performance under conditions of greater challenge to cognitive control despite significant improvement of motor function.
16-01: ArcticLine: A New Cryo Ablation Catheter for the creation of Linear Lesions (2016)

Introduction: Cryoablation has been shown to be safe and effective technology for the ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. This study reports for the first time the efficacy and safety of a new catheter designed to create segmental linear lesions in both atria. The ArcticLine™ catheter employs an 11F 35mm long deflectable ablation segment. The surface is cooled by the passage of liquid nitrous oxide. Electrodes on either side of the ablation zone allow for 3D navigation and electrical recording. Methods: Via a 12F deflectable sheath the catheter was used to ablate the left (L) and right (R) isthmus and to place LA roof linear lesions (LL) connecting the PVs. The integrity of the lesions was assessed by paced activation, 3D mapping and histopathology following 4 weeks of recovery. Results: In 3 canines, left and right CTI were accomplished with 2.75 ± 1.0 cryo applications. Left atria 19 ± 2.8/atria LL were placed. Bi-directional conduction block was documented across both isthmus. Trichrome staining and histology revealed contiguous transmural lesions with an average lesion segmental length of 27.7 ± 3.7mm, width 7.3 ± 1.7mm and depth 2.1 ± 0.9 mm and total contiguous length of 105.1mm (shown in the figure Panel A RA isthmus and Panel B LA LL and Left Isthmus Line).
Evolution and stabilization of subnanometric metal species in confined space by in situ TEM (2018)

Understanding the behavior and dynamic structural transformation of subnanometric metal species under reaction conditions will be helpful for understanding catalytic phenomena and for developing more efficient and stable catalysts based on single atoms and clusters. In this work, the evolution and stabilization of subnanometric Pt species confined in MCM-22 zeolite has been studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By correlating the results from in situ TEM studies and the results obtained in a continuous fix-bed reactor, it has been possible to delimitate the factors that control the dynamic agglomeration and redispersion behavior of metal species under reaction conditions. The dynamic reversible transformation between atomically dispersed Pt species and clusters/nanoparticles during CO oxidation at different temperatures has been elucidated. It has also been confirmed that subnanometric Pt clusters can be stabilized in MCM-22 crystallites during NO reduction with CO and H<sub>2</sub>.
Fabrication, Evaluation, and Improvements of 1K×1K and 2K×2K Infrared LED Scene Projector Systems (2019)

Infrared LED Scene Projector (IRSP) system is an emerging technology that has made numerous progress in its development and testing. That progress ranges from fabrication and evaluation steps to improve the electronics as well as improvements to the 1K×1K and 2K×2K hybrid arrays.
Analytical Modeling of Single Electron Transistor for Hybrid CMOS-SET Analog IC Design (2004)

A physically based compact analytical single electron transistor (SET) model is proposed for hybrid CMOS-SET analog circuit simulation. The modeling approach is based on the "orthodox theory" of single electron tunneling, and valid for single or multi gate, symmetric or asymmetric devices and can also explain the background charge effect. The model parameters are physical device parameters and an associated parameter extraction procedure is reported. The device characteristics produced by the proposed model are verified with Monte Carlo simulation for large range of drain to source voltages (|V/sub DS/|/spl les/3e/C/sub /spl Sigma//) and temperatures [T/spl les/e/sup 2//(10k/sub B/C/sub /spl Sigma//)] and good agreements are observed. The proposed model is implemented in a commercial circuit simulator in order to develop a computer-aided design framework for CMOS-SET hybrid IC designs. A series of SPICE simulations are successfully carried out for different CMOS-SET hybrid circuits in order to reproduce their experimental/Monte Carlo simulated characteristics.