gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of anandamide and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol: An historical overview and some recent developments (1999)

Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are the two endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors discovered to date. Like other eicosanoids, and unlike classical neuromodulators, these two compounds are synthesized by neurons on demand, i.e., their biosynthesis, rather than release, is stimulated by Ca2+ influx and cell membrane depolarization. Both endocannabinoids can be produced from membrane phosphoglycerides through the action of phospholipases, although de novo pathways have also been suggested. Once released by cells, the action of both anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol is terminated--after their diffusion through the cell membrane--by the hydrolysis of the amide or ester bonds to yield arachidonic acid, which is then immediately reincorporated into phospholipids. One enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of both endocannabinoids in nervous and nonnervous cells. This enzyme also recognizes N-palmitoylethanolamine, an antiinflammatory congener of anandamide, with a catalytic efficiency that depends on the cell type under study. However, the existence of different isozymes with different affinity for anandamide and N-palmitoylethanolamine has not been investigated. Moreover, little work has been performed on the regulation of anandamide formation and breakdown, and several open questions remain as to the possible biosynthetic and degradative mechanisms of cannabimimetic 2-arachidonoylglycerol in nucleated blood cells such as macrophages. Finally, the co-existence of both endocannabinoids in invertebrates has not been fully established. Here we briefly review the state of the art, and present new data from our laboratory, on these four largely unexplored aspects of endocannabinoid metabolism.
Preparation of fatty acid methyl ester catalyzed by solid acid from by-products of plam oil (2006)

Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared by esterification in a fixed bed reactor from methanol and fatty acids in palm oil deodorizer distillate(PODD) using a cation exchange resin as catalyst.Experimental results showed that the optimum mass ratio for the esterification was n(methyl alcohol)/n(PODD)=17.3.The conversion of fatty acids increases with the temperature when the temperature was below the boiling point of methanol.The conversion increases with time as well,but the increasing rate declines with time.The conversion achieves 87% at 64 ℃,56 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of γ‐Amino‐ and δ‐Amino‐Functionalized Ethers, Amines, or Silanes by Hydroaminomethylation of Heterofunctionalized Allylic Compounds. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automatic Camera Trajectory Control with Enhanced Immersion for Virtual Cinematography (2023)

User-generated cinematic creations are gaining popularity as our daily entertainment, yet it is a challenge to master cinematography for producing immersive contents. Many existing automatic methods focus on roughly controlling predefined shot types or movement patterns, which struggle to engage viewers with the circumstances of the actor. Real-world cinematographic rules show that directors can create immersion by comprehensively synchronizing the camera with the actor. Inspired by this strategy, we propose a deep camera control framework that enables actor-camera synchronization in three aspects, considering frame aesthetics, spatial action, and emotional status in the 3D virtual stage. Following rule-of-thirds, our framework first modifies the initial camera placement to position the actor aesthetically. This adjustment is facilitated by a self-supervised adjustor that analyzes frame composition via camera projection. We then design a GAN model that can adversarially synthesize fine-grained camera movement based on the physical action and psychological state of the actor, using an encoder-decoder generator to map kinematics and emotional variables into camera trajectories. Moreover, we incorporate a regularizer to align the generated stylistic variances with specific emotional categories and intensities. The experimental results show that our proposed method yields immersive cinematic videos of high quality, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Live examples can be found in the supplementary video.
Isospecific Propylene Polymerization Behavior of Lewis Base Functionalized Unbridged Zirconocences under Bulk Conditions (2014)

Isospecific propylene polymerization behavior of meta- and para-Lewis base (E) functionalized unbridged zirconocenes (<TEX>$[1-(E_n-Ph)-3,4-Me_2C_5H_2</TEX><TEX>]</TEX><TEX>_2ZrCl_2$</TEX>, E = <TEX>$NMe_2$</TEX>, OMe; n = 1 or 2) was investigated under bulk conditions. Catalytic activity of the zirconocenes, and molecular weight and isotacticity of polypropylenes are found to be dependent on the position and number of the Lewis base functional groups in the zirconocenes. All the crude polypropylenes possess a broad molecular weight distribution and multi-melting transitions, indicating an involvement of multi-catalytic active species in the polymerization. The highest [mmmm] value of an isotactic portion of the polypropylenes reached 89%, which is higher than that (85%) from the well-known <TEX>$C_2$</TEX>-symmetric EBIZr (rac-<TEX>$Et(Ind)_2ZrCl_2$</TEX>) catalyst. These results support that the in situ generated, rigid rac-like cation-anion pair through the Lewis acid-base interactions between the functional groups of zirconocenes and methylaluminoxane anion is effective in the formation of isotactic polypropylene under bulk propylene polymerization conditions.
MEDB-59. A draft atlas of medulloblastoma cellular evolution under therapy (2022)

Abstract How standard care shapes the cellular composition of recurrent medulloblastoma (MB), if therapy selects for specific tumor or immune cell types, is unknown. We report the pilot phase of our ongoing effort to profile human longitudinal MB specimens via single-cell transcriptomics and epigenetics. We profiled 11 diagnostic and eight recurrent specimens from 19 subjects via single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), and four subjects via single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin. Specimens from select subjects were also profiled to assess genome-wide enhancer activity via single-nucleus cleavage-under-targets and tagmentation. We found an upregulation of the DNA-damage response, RNA translation, WNT and NOTCH signaling in recurrent specimens. The percentages of stem-like cells increased by over two-fold at recurrence. We found that microglia and oligodendrocyte-lineage cells were the most abundant non-malignant tumor-associated cell types, representing 2%-10% of cells profiled. Microglia abundances were relatively stable across molecular subtypes, and when comparing primary to recurrent tumors. There was a moderate, but statistically significant, increase in oligodendrocyte abundance in SSH and WNT tumors, compared to Group 3/4 tumors. We compared gene expression in tumor cells with public snRNA-seq from developing human cerebella (PCW 9-21). Combined Group-3/4 cell analysis supports a common lineage hierarchy, with an enrichment for unipolar brush-cell and Purkinje-cell phenotypes found in Group-4 tumors. All Group-3/4 cases contained cycling cells expressing markers of PAX2+ interneuron progenitors, most cycling cells had this phenotype. All specimens contained populations of non-cycling granule-cell progenitor-like cells. We performed single-cell co-expression receptor/ligand analysis to infer paracrine signaling between tumor and non-malignant cell types. This identified both tumor cells and microglia as sources of growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-apoptotic ligands. Non-malignant oligodendrocyte-lineage cells uniquely expressed IL6-family cytokines, pleiotrophin, and class-III semaphorins. These studies shed light on the cellular heterogeneity of MB and the effect of standard therapy in shaping composition at recurrence.
Fusion of structural and functional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data for studying Ventricular Fibrillation (2014)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques such as Current Density Imaging (CDI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) provide a complementing set of imaging data that can describe both the functional and structural states of biological tissues. This paper presents a Joint Independent Component Analysis (jICA) based fusion approach which can be utilized to fuse CDI and DTI data to quantify the differences between two cardiac states: Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) and Asystolic/Normal (AS/NM). Such an approach could lead to a better insight on the mechanism of VF. Fusing CDI and DTI data from 8 data sets from 6 beating porcine hearts, in effect, detects the differences between two cardiac states, qualitatively and quantitatively. This initial study demonstrates the applicability of MRI-based imaging techniques and jICA-based fusion approach in studying cardiac arrhythmias.
Over‐Expression of Neuropeptide Urocortin and Its Receptors in Human Allergic Nasal Mucosa (2007)

These results indicate that UCN may play a role in the regulation of vascular swelling in normal nasal mucosa. Moreover, in allergic nasal mucosa, increased expression levels of UCN and its receptors may contribute to increased mucosal swelling and vascular permeability, playing an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.
The drift table (2004)

The Drift Table is an electronic coffee table that displays slowly moving aerial photography controlled by the distribution of weight on its surface. It was designed to investigate our ideas about how technologies for the home could support ludic activities-that is, activities motivated by curiosity, exploration, and reflection rather than externally-defined tasks. The many design choices we made, for example to block or disguise utilitarian functionality, helped to articulate our emerging understanding of ludic design. Observations of the Drift Table being used in volunteers' homes over several weeks gave greater insight into how playful exploration is practically achieved and the issues involved in designing for ludic engagement.
Production of Flax Polypropylene (Flax/PP) Injection Moldable Pellets for Automotive Applications Using Pultrusion (abstract only) (2018)

The aim of this research project was to demonstrate the use of pultrusion technology to make flax and polypropylene (flax/PP) injection moldable pellets for automotive applications. Rods of 3/16 inches in diameter were pultruded using multi-die vacuumassisted pultrusion system. The fiber volume fraction of the rods was 50% and the void content was below 3%. The rods could be pelletized into different lengths based on request and it can be pelletized in the range of 3 to 25 mm. The impregnation quality in pultruded rods was characterized by optical microscopy and void content measurements. During pultrusion of flax/PP the fiber bundles attained great degree of fiber collimation. Due to the low shear involved in the pultrusion process, fairly little fiber damage was observed. The pellets were successfully used during injection molding of dogbone coupons.
Angiotensin receptor binding and pressor effects in cat subretrofacial nucleus (1988)

Central administration of angiotensin II (ANG II) increases arterial blood pressure via increased sympathetic activity. We have examined the possibility that one site of action of ANG II is the subretrofacial (SRF) nucleus in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, since this nucleus is known to play a critical role in the tonic and phasic control of arterial pressure. In vitro autoradiography, employing 125I-labeled [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II as radioligand, was used to localize binding sites for ANG II in the cat ventrolateral medulla. A high density of ANG II-receptor binding sites was found confined to the SRF nucleus. In a second group of experiments in anesthetized cats, microinjections of ANG II, in doses ranging from 10 to 50 pmol, were made into histologically identified sites within and outside the SRF nucleus. Microinjections into the nucleus resulted in a dose-dependent increase in arterial pressure, which was abolished by systemic administration of the ganglion-blocking drug hexamethonium bromide. In contrast, microinjections just outside the SRF nucleus had no effect on arterial pressure. It is concluded that activation of ANG II-receptor binding sites within the SRF nucleus leads to an increase in arterial pressure via increased sympathetic efferent activity.
Room‐Temperature Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Activation: <i>ortho</i>‐Carbonylation of Aniline Derivatives (2009)

Pd and CO--ureally got me! The title reaction proceeds efficiently at 18 degrees C under CO (1 atm) with 5 % [Pd(OTs)(2)(MeCN)(2)] as precatalyst. Depending on the solvents used, either anthranilates or cyclic imides can be obtained in high yields (see picture, BQ = benzoquinone, Ts = 4-toluenesulfonyl).
Manuscripts of the Ladder of Divine Ascent Translated by St. Paisius Velichkovsky (2017)

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Strengths and limitations of the model virus concept. (2005)

New plasma- or cell culture-based pharmaceutical manufacturing processes must be validated for their ability to eliminate potentially contaminating pathogens. To evaluate the virus elimination potential of such a process, current guidelines propose the use of model viruses. This approach is discussed based on two examples. These examples show the strengths of this approach but also its limitations. The blood processing industry was recently challenged by the emergence of a West Nile Virus (WNV) epidemic in the United States. The susceptibility of WNV and a frequently used model virus to commonly used inactivation methods is compared. Current data show a good correlation. Due to its physico-chemical properties and the high viremic titers, B19 virus (B19V), a small (diameter 18-26 nm), robust, non-enveloped parvovirus, is a considerable challenge for the plasma processing industry. Mice minute virus (MMV), an animal parvovirus, is used as a model for B19V. Data show that B19V is considerably more susceptible to some physico-chemical inactivation methods than MMV. The examples of WNV and B19V show that the model virus concept is a practicable tool to evaluate the safety of plasma- or cell culture-derived pharmaceuticals regarding known and emerging viruses. It also underlines the need for investigational studies of relevant viruses if they can be handled in a normal virology laboratory, under moderate biosafety conditions.
Colouration in assisted reverberation systems (2002)

Assisted reverberation systems are used to electronically enhance the reverberation time of an auditorium. A limitation of such systems is that they produce enhanced room transfer functions that contain unnaturally large peaks. These peaks produce colouration of the sound decay. A stochastic simulation technique is presented that quantifies colouration by measuring the probability density function of the transfer functions and comparing it with the ideal Rayleigh distribution of an unassisted room. The technique is applied to existing reverberation systems, and to a new system which provides large increases in reverberation time without increasing the loop gain. It is shown that, for the same power gain, the new system produces a higher colouration, but that this problem may be eliminated by the use of an allpass reverberator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of In-Ladle Direct Thermal Control (DTC) Rheocasting Process (2006)

In recent year, various rheocasting methods, other than stirring in the semisolid state, have been developed to produce a fine globular primary phase in cast alloys. These new methods, called as slurry-on-demand, involve the controlled nucleation and growth/ripening of primary phase during partial solidification. In-Ladle direct thermal control (DTC) rheocasting has been competitively and successfully developed. It requires no processing equipment outside of the casting machine, no grain refinement procedure and no additional cycling time except for cooling down to the desired casting temperature. Process concept of In-Ladle DTC rheocasting is simply based on the fact that there is slurry and mush transition in the range of liquid fraction of 0.1 to 0.6 and the fact that the transition could be controlled by controlling the shape of solid and the relative energy. This study is mainly concerned about the feasibility to achieve semisolid slurry during partial solidification only through thermal and time control, this is, by In-Ladle DTC rheocasting. Based on the optimum conditions obtained by thermal modeling, microstructural evolution of Al alloys was carried out by In-Ladle DTC rheocasting. The fluidity was also investigated by In-Ladle DTC rheocasting for Al alloys.
Understanding the relative affinity and specificity of the pleckstrin homology domain of protein kinase B for inositol phosphates (2011)

Protein kinase B (PKB) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway-one of the most frequently activated proliferation pathways in cancer. In this pathway, PKB is recruited to the plasma membrane by direct interaction of its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain with the inositol phosphate head-group of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)] or phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4)P(2)]. This recruitment is a critical stage in the activation of PKB, whose downstream effectors play important roles in cell survival, proliferation and growth. It is therefore of great interest to understand PKB's mode of binding, as well as its specificity and affinity for different phosphoinositides. We have used a total of 3 μs of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to better understand the interactions of the PKB PH domain with the inositol phosphate head-groups of phosphoinositides involved in the PI3K pathway. Our computational models successfully mirror PKB's in vivo selectivity for 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides. Furthermore, the models also help to rationalize unexpected in vitro data in which inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] binds with a relatively high affinity to the PKB PH domain, despite its parent lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] being known not to bind in vivo. With the support of computational simulations, we propose that when not bonded to a phosphatidate tail Ins(1,4,5)P(3) binds in an orientation in which its inositol ring is flipped with respect to the 3-phosphorylated inositol phosphate ligands and its parent lipid.
Improved Hydrogen Gas Generation Rate of n-GaN Photoelectrode with SiO[sub 2] Protection Layer on the Ohmic Contacts from the Electrolyte (2009)

Direct photoelectrolysis of water to generate hydrogen was performed using n-type GaN films with ohmic contacts to serve as working electrodes. To enhance the efficiency of electron collection in the GaN working electrode, meshed contacts with a protection layer were immersed in the NaCl electrolyte. With an external bias of , the typical photocurrent densities (gas generation rate) of the n-GaN working electrodes with and without the immersed ohmic contact layer were approximately 19.6 (9.4) and , respectively, which corresponded to an enhancement in the photocurrent density (gas generation rate) of around 98% (160%). The marked enhancement in the gas generation rate could be attributed to the fact that the distance between the neighbor ohmic contacts is small enough to reduce the recombination probability of photogenerated electrons with holes or charged defects in the GaN layer before the electrons reach the ohmic contacts. In other words, the photogenerated electrons can be effectively collected by the ohmic contacts and thereby reach the Pt counter electrode to lead the generation of hydrogen.
Image modelling for SEM-based metrology (1986)

Much of the success of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be attributed to the fact that the images that it produces appear similar to those seen by our eyes. Consequently the interpretation of SEM micrographs is perceived as a straightforward process. Although this casual approach works well enough for many qualitative purposes, when the SEM is to be used to make precise dimensional measurements of micron-sized features, such as resist strips or conductor pads, then more care must be paid to the details of image formation. Two types of electron signal, backscattered (BS) and secondary (SE), are usually available in an SEM. In many respects quantitative image interpretation is more straightforward for backscattered than for secondary electrons because Monte Carlo trajectory tracing techniques can be employed to compute the expected variation of signal with beam position.
PRELIMINARY RESEARCH INTO THE FEASIBILITY OF MOTORCYCLE AIRBAG SYSTEMS (1995)

This paper summarizes the results of preliminary research carried out between 1990 and 1993 by the motorcycle industry and various research institutes, into the feasibility of applying airbag technology to motorcycles. Phase 1 of the research involved: literature review; identification of preliminary injury evaluation methods, injury indices and dummy requirements needed to assess motorcycle airbags; 19 sled tests; and computer simulation to evaluate systematically the effects of airbag design, vehicle, rider characteristics and impact configuration on airbag performance. Phase 2 of the research continued with: a review and analysis of existing airbag sensor technology; modification of existing motorcycle dummy to incorporate modifications to the neck and other body regions; human cadaver tests; dummy response validation; computer simulation of various airbag concepts including preliminary design optimization; full-scale impact tests; and further refinement of the dummy neck and airbag design. Overall, the results indicated that: (1) appropriate injury evaluation methods are needed to assess motorcycle airbag feasibility in a realistic manner; (2) for motorcycle airbags, a tradeoff exists between beneficial effects in some impact accident configurations and harmful effects in others; and (3) that the positive or negative influences of a motorcycle airbag are sensitive to airbag design parameters, and impact or deployment configurations. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 894848.