gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melt‐Extruded Sensory Fibers for Electronic Textiles (2021)

Abstract Textile‐based flexible sensors are key to the development of personal wearable electronic devices and systems for a wide range of applications including physiological monitoring, communication, and entertainment. Textiles, for their many desirable characteristics and use, offer a natural interface between electronics and the human body. A wide range of fabrication techniques have been explored for textile‐based sensors; however, most are not compatible or readily adaptable to textile manufacturing processes. Here, a practical and scalable method of producing textile‐based sensory fibers using a common manufacturing technique, melt extrusion, is proposed. An overview of the fabrication method as well as the mechanical and electrical properties of the fibers is presented. Subsequently, the fibers’ ability to sense changes in pressure is studied in detail using assembled fibers. Methods to improve the sensor performance by altering the geometry of the fiber assembly are also presented. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the fibers are woven into a pressure‐sensing fabric mat consisting of 64 sensing elements. The woven substrate can detect the location and level of pressure, thereby illustrating the fibers' potential use as sensors in textile structures.
Chemical vapor deposition of undoped and <i>in-situ</i> boron- and arsenic-doped epitaxial and polycrystalline silicon films grown using silane at reduced pressure (2000)

A nonselective epitaxial growth process for heterojunction bipolar transistors has been studied. The difference in growth rates for epitaxial and polycrystalline films could be used to monitor the thickness of the intrinsic and extrinsic base layers. The films were grown using chemical vapor deposition on Si 〈100〉 (epitaxy) and on silicon dioxide (polycrystalline) at reduced pressure (20–80 Torr) for undoped and in situ B or As doping. The depositions were carried out using silane diluted in hydrogen. Diborane and arsine were used as the source gas for dopants. For the undoped Si films, the deposition of polycrystalline films had a substantially higher rate than that of epitaxial ones. The growth rate of both epitaxial and polycrystalline depositions decreased with increasing total pressure. It was, however, linearly proportional to the silane partial pressure, pSiH4. The dependence of the growth rate on the hydrogen partial pressure was proportional to pH2−0.82 for epitaxial and to pH2−0.60 for polycrystalline depositions. The apparent activation energy was 2.1 and 1.6 eV for the epitaxial and polycrystalline depositions, respectively. A growth mechanism assuming the dissociative adsorption of silane on the Si surface, in combination with first-order hydrogen desorption kinetics, was employed to describe the experimental observations, including the differences in deposition rates, dependency on the hydrogen partial pressure as well as apparent activation energy. In situ B doping influenced neither the epitaxial nor polycrystalline depositions. In situ As doping, on the other hand, largely reduced the growth rate compared to the undoped films to such an extent that there was no appreciable difference in growth rate between the epitaxial and polycrystalline Si. The doping concentration in the epitaxial B and As films were of the order of 1018 cm−3, identical deposition conditions yielded a 5 and 20 times larger dopant incorporation in the B and As doped polycrystalline films, respectively.
Hydration and Dehydration Kinetics: Comparison between Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropyl methacrylamide) and Poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate) Films (2019)

Thermoresponsive films of poly( N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) and poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate) (PMDEGA) are compared with respect to their hydration and dehydration kinetics using in situ neutron reflectivity. Both as-prepared films present a homogeneous single-layer structure and have similar transition temperatures of the lower critical solution temperature type (TT, PNIPMAM 38 °C and PMDEGA 41 °C). After hydration in unsaturated D<sub>2</sub>O vapor at 23 °C, a D<sub>2</sub>O enrichment layer is observed in PNIPMAM films adjacent to the Si substrate. In contrast, two enrichment layers are present in PMDEGA films (close to the vapor interface and the Si substrate). PNIPMAM films exhibit a higher hydration capability, ascribed to having both donor (N-H) and acceptor (C═O) units for hydrogen bonds. While the swelling of the PMDEGA films is mainly caused by the increase of the enrichment layers, the thickness of the entire PNIPMAM films increases with time. The observed longer relaxation time for swelling of PNIPMAM films is attributed to the much higher glass transition temperature of PNIPMAM. When dehydrating both films by increasing the temperature above the TT, they react with a complex response consisting of three stages (shrinkage, rearrangement, and reswelling). PNIPMAM films respond faster than PMDEGA films. After dehydration, both films still contain a large amount of D<sub>2</sub>O, and no completely dry film state is reached for a temperature above their TTs.
Distinguishing between pulsars and transient RFI in the time domain (2017)

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is an increasing concern for radio astronomers as demand for spectrum grows and new technologies are adopted. A particularly pernicious type of RFI is unintentional RFI. Unintentional RFI is generated by devices such as mechanical relays as a byproduct of their normal operation. This type of RFI is difficult to identify because it is usually transient, intermittent and broadband. Some important astronomical sources, such as pulsars, also emit transient signals; thus there is a need to distinguish between these sources and RFI. Here we show how a time domain RFI classification method investigated previously can be adapted to distinguish between pulsar signals and transient RFI. We demonstrate this by applying the method to time domain recordings of transient RFI events and pulsar observation data.
<b>Short Communication</b> : Geographic and Demographic Differences in the Frequency of Human Cytomegalovirus gB Genotypes 1–4 in Immunocompromised Patients (1998)

To test the hypothesis that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) gB genotype may differ with geographic origin or patient demographics, CMV DNA was amplified for gB typing from immunocompromised patients in Italy and Africa and compared with previously reported frequencies in California. Increased gB2 frequency occurred in Italian homosexual AIDS patients, as compared with both Italian heterosexual injection drug users with AIDS and heterosexual Zimbabwe AIDS patients. Occurrence of gB3 in Italy was higher in injection drug users than in homosexual AIDS patients. The incidence of gB4 was higher overall in the Italian as compared with the California patients. Therefore geographic and demographic differences in patients affect gB distribution and should be considered before associations of gB genotypes and virulence are made.
Highly Active Ruthenium CNC Pincer Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction (2019)

Five ruthenium catalysts described herein facilitate self-sensitized carbon dioxide reduction to form carbon monoxide with a ruthenium catalytic center. These catalysts include four new and one previously reported CNC pincer complexes featuring a pyridinol derived N-donor and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) C-donors derived from imidazole or benzimidazole. The complexes have been characterized fully by spectroscopic and analytic methods, including X-ray crystallography. Introduction of a 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) coligand and phenyl groups on the NHC ligand was necessary for rapid catalysis. [(CNC)Ru(bipy)(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)](OTf)<sub>2</sub> is among the most active and durable photocatalysts in the literature for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction without an external photosensitizer. The role of the structure of this complex in catalysis is discussed, including the importance of the pincer's phenyl wingtips, the bipyridyl ligand, and a weakly coordinating monodentate ligand.
Liver Imaging with a Novel Hepatitis B Surface Protein Derived SPECT-Tracer (2013)

Diagnostic imaging of the liver by ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) is generally limited to the visualization of the morphology. In order to exploit the intriguing liver tropism of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) for molecular imaging of the liver, peptidic tracers derived from the HBV large envelope protein (L) were studied. An N-terminally stearoylated tracer comprising amino acids 2-48 of the PreS1-domain of the L protein was synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis. Mercaptoacetyltriglycerin (MAG3) was linked to this peptide to enable (99m)Tc labeling. Biodistribution studies in mice showed an excellent liver accumulation of this novel class of radiotracer with 84%, 84%, 65%, and 16% of the injected dose in the liver after 10 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h, respectively. Imaging studies on a gamma camera showed a clear visualization of the liver already 10 min post intravenous injection. These studies confirmed the exclusive accumulation of the tracer in the liver with negligible background in other organs. Owing to a significant biliary clearance rate of the (99m)Tc bound via a linker, the tracer enabled imaging of the bile ducts starting 30 min after injection. Analysis of the route of excretion revealed complete clearance within 24 h post injection. Clearance was predominantly via renal secretion. In conclusion, the novel class of tracers shows excellent pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, and clearance kinetics. It provides unique biological information different from the current imaging modalities. Its primary application is likely to be the evaluation of liver cancer patients. Specific indications may include tumor staging, the differentiation of malignant versus benign hepatic lesions, and liver tumors of nonhepatocellular origin.
Successive cancellation for cyclic interference channels (2008)

The Chong—Motani—Garg inner bound for the two-user interference channel is generalized to a special case of many-user interference channels. By taking a geometric viewpoint and using rate-splitting arguments, it is shown that all operating points in the Chong—Motani—Garg inner bound allow decoding by successive cancellation at all receivers.
Exploring Tangible Interaction and Diegetic Feedback in an AR Math Game for Children (2019)

Augmented Reality is becoming an emerging trend in the development of play-and-learn experience and increasingly accessible to children. However, there is a lack of understanding of how to design AR games to effectively improve children's learning experience, especially with respect to the novel interaction and representation paradigms that AR affords. In this study, we describe the design and the implementation process of different interaction types (screen-touch and tangible interaction) and feedback mechanisms (non-diegetic feedback and diegetic feedback) in an AR math game for children aged 7 and 8. We report the insights based on our current prototypes and discuss the design implications for our future work.
The genomic and transcriptomic landscape of advanced renal cell cancer for individualized treatment strategies (2022)

Abstract Background Differences in the clinical course and treatment responses in individual patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can largely be explained by the different genomics of this disease. To improve the personalized treatment strategy and survival outcomes for patients with advanced RCC, the genomic make-up in patients with advanced RCC was investigated to identify putative actionable mutations and signatures. Methods In this prospective multicenter study ( NCT01855477 ), whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of locally advanced and metastatic tissue biopsies and matched whole-blood samples were collected from 91 patients with histopathologically confirmed RCC. WGS data were analyzed for small somatic variants, copy-number alterations and structural variants. For a subgroup of patients, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data could be analyzed. RNA-Seq data were clustered on immunogenic and angiogenic gene expression patterns according to a previously developed angio-immunogenic gene signature. Results For papillary and clear cell RCC, putative actionable drug targets were detected by WGS in 100% of the patients. RNA-Seq data of clear cell and papillary RCC were clustered using a previously developed angio-immunogenic gene signature. Analyses of driver mutations and RNA-Seq data revealed clear differences among different RCC subtypes, showing the added value of WGS and RNA-Seq over clinicopathological data. Conclusions By improving both histological subtyping and the selection of treatment according to actionable targets and immune signatures, WGS and RNA-Seq may improve therapeutic decision making for most patients with advanced RCC, including patients with non-clear cell RCC for whom no standard treatment is available to data. Prospective clinical trials are needed to evaluate the impact of genomic and transcriptomic diagnostics on survival outcome for advanced RCC patients.
Optimal message flow on ring networks with spatial reuse (2005)

The problem of message exchange in ring structured communication networks is considered, where the network architecture allows connections between several nodes to be concurrently established, as long as their communication paths do not overlap on the ring. That is, spatial reuse of the ring is exercised, in the sense that disjoint segments of the ring can be used concurrently. Temporally and spatially colliding transmissions are always unsuccessful; therefore, a transmission control policy is needed to prevent collisions utilizing some reservation scheme, and also to guarantee the highest possible throughput, fairness, reliability, etc. If transmission of a message has to be delayed upon its arrival to the source node, it is then queued up in a buffer. The authors focus on transmission control policies that use minimal information about the state of the network to structure the message flows, so as to maximize the overall throughput and guarantee relative fairness in the utilization of the ring by all the source-destination pairs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recurrence after Topical Nonpreserved Methylprednisolone Therapy for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjögren's Syndrome (2007)

Topical nonpreserved methylprednisolone pulse therapy proved to be a safe, effective long-term treatment of improving subjective and objective dry eye factors in KCS patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
Membrane Fluidity and Temperature Sensing Are Coupled via Circuitry Comprised of Ole1, Rsp5, and Hsf1 in Candida albicans (2014)

ABSTRACT Temperature is a ubiquitous environmental variable which can profoundly influence the physiology of living cells as it changes over time and space. When yeast cells are exposed to a sublethal heat shock, normal metabolic functions become repressed and the heat shock transcription factor Hsf1 is activated, inducing heat shock proteins (HSPs). Candida albicans , the most prevalent human fungal pathogen, is an opportunistic pathogen that has evolved as a relatively harmless commensal of healthy individuals. Even though C. albicans occupies thermally buffered niches, it has retained the classic heat shock response, activating Hsf1 during slow thermal transitions such as the increases in temperature suffered by febrile patients. However, the mechanism of temperature sensing in fungal pathogens remains enigmatic. A few studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest that thermal stress is transduced into a cellular signal at the level of the membrane. In this study, we manipulated the fluidity of C. albicans membrane to dissect mechanisms of temperature sensing. We determined that in response to elevated temperature, levels of OLE1 , encoding a fatty acid desaturase, decrease. Subsequently, loss of OLE1 triggers expression of FAS2 , encoding a fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, depletion of OLE1 prevents full activation of Hsf1, thereby reducing HSP expression in response to heat shock. This reduction in Hsf1 activation is attributable to the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, which regulates OLE1 expression. To our knowledge, this is the first study to define a molecular link between fatty acid synthesis and the heat shock response in the fungal kingdom.
Osilodrostat for the treatment of Cushing's disease: efficacy, stability, and persistence Reply (2022)

International audience
Small single–triplet energy gap bipolar host materials for phosphorescent blue and white organic light emitting diodes (2013)

We report extremely high efficiency tandem white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with newly synthesized host materials. Our new host materials have well balanced bipolar characteristics and very small singlet to triplet splitting energies (∼0.4 eV) due to almost no orbital overlapping between ground and excited states. The fabricated blue phosphorescent device with one of these host materials shows very high external quantum efficiency of 25.7%, low onset and driving voltages of 2.47 V and 3.49 V at 1 and 1000 cd m−2, respectively. High performance asymmetric tandem OLEDs could be fabricated by adopting these efficient and low driving voltage blue unit and very efficient yellow unit devices. Power efficiency of 63.1 lm W−1 and current efficiency of 128.8 cd A−1 at 1000 cd m−2 were achieved without any light out-coupling technology. We expect that blue phosphorescent OLEDs with our new narrow band-gap bipolar host materials could be a promising solution to make high efficiency white OLEDs for display and lighting applications.
Personalized Medicine in Oncology Drug Development (2019)

Overview The concept of personalized medicine in oncology drug development is no longer an aspiration; it is now, in large measure, the accepted paradigm of how oncology drugs should be developed. In modern oncology drug development, determining which molecularly characterized tumors will benefit the most from a drug is a critical part of the development plan. In addition, another important personalized medicine approach is emerging whereby a therapeutic is specific to an individual patient. Examples of this individualized therapeutic approach include engineering of autologous immune cells with reinfusion into the patient or cancer vaccines that are specific to an individual tumor. A growing number of successful examples have demonstrated that the personalized medicine approach via biomarker selection can provide more benefit to patients and more rapid approval of drugs. The benefits of a personalized medicine strategy in oncology drug development are multiple and include an increased probability of overall success, smaller phase 3 registration trials, and the potential for enhanced clinical benefits for patients. In a recent review, Falconi and colleagues examined the outcome of 676 phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials of novel therapeutics for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) conducted from 1998 to 2012. 1 Overall, the cumulative success rate, as defined by the advancement to the next stage of clinical testing or to approval, was only 11%. However, when a biomarker was utilized for patient selection, the cumulative success rate increased by nearly sixfold to 62%. Thus, there is strong objective evidence for predictive biomarkers to enhance the probability of success in drug development. Using specific genetic and/or protein markers, a number of important drugs have been developed and approved in specific populations. This approach represents a paradigm shift that has proved so powerful that it is now a standard. The European Society for Medical Oncology has published a Glossary on Precision Medicine 2 with important definitions. Additionally, a workshop regarding “The drug development paradigm in oncology” was held in Washington DC in December 2016 with the participation of multiple stakeholders (researchers, patient advocates and representatives from industry, academia, and government), and multiple strategies to improve drug development in oncology were discussed. 3
&lt;title&gt;Laser-induced ignition characteristics of methane- and hydrogen-air mixtures at high pressures&lt;/title&gt; (2004)

A Nd:YAG laser was employed to ignite methane- and hydrogen-air mixtures to investigate relevant parameters of laser ignition. The lean side ignition limit of methane was found to be at air/fuel-equivalence ratios (&#955;) of 2.4 applying a laser pulse energy of 50 mJ. It has to be mentioned, however, that above &#955; = 2.2 only slowest combustions causing weak pressure rises could be observed. Successful ignitions of hydrogen-air mixtures were achieved up to &#955; = 8 but it was not possible to examine the lean side limit due to weakest pressure rises far below detection limits for &#955; >8. Despite much lower values of minimum ignition energy for reported hydrogen-air mixtures in the literature, the minimum laser pulse energies examined for ignition are of the same magnitude as for ignition of rich methane-air mixtures lying around 5 mJ. Minimum pulse energy needed for ignition was decreasing with increasing pressure for hydrogen-air mixtures showing the same trend as in case of methane. The ignition delay time for hydrogen at &#955; = 2.0 could be observed as ~7 ms being 40 times shorter compared to methane at the same air/fuel ratio. Unfavorable transmission losses of laser energy were observed for methane/air mixtures below &#955; = 2.1 demanding optimized focusing optics and temporal pulse shaping for future laser ignition systems.
Impact of tensile and compressive forces on the hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin (2021)

Mechanochemistry enables unique reaction pathways in comparison to conventional thermal reactions. Notably, it can achieve selective hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin, a set of abundant and recalcitrant biomass, by solvent-free ball-milling in the presence of acid catalysts. Although the merits of mechanochemistry for this reaction are known, the reaction mechanism is still unclear. Here, we show how the mechanical forces produced by ball-milling activate the glycosidic bonds of carbohydrate molecules towards hydrolysis. This work uses experimental and theoretical evaluations to clarify the mechanism. The experimental results reveal that the ball-mill accelerates the hydrolysis by mechanical forces rather than local heat. Meanwhile, the classical and quantum mechanics calculations indicate the subnano to nano Newton order of tensile and compressive forces that activate polysaccharide molecules in the ball-milling process. Although previous studies have taken into account only the stretching of the molecules, our results show that compressive forces are stronger and effective for the activation of glycosidic bonds. Accordingly, in addition to stretching, compression is crucial for the mechanocatalytic reaction. Our work connects the classical physics of ball-milling on a macro scale with molecular activation at a quantum level, which would help to understand and control mechanochemical reactions.