gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating Tumor Biomarkers in Meningiomas Reveal a Signature of Equilibrium Between Tumor Growth and Immune Modulation (2019)

Meningiomas are primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors that originate from the arachnoid cells of the meninges. Recurrence occurs in higher grade meningiomas and a small subset of Grade I meningiomas with benign histology. Currently, there are no established circulating tumor markers which can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in a non-invasive way for meningiomas. Here, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers of meningioma in patient sera. For this purpose, we collected preoperative (<i>n</i> = 30) serum samples from the meningioma patients classified as Grade I (<i>n</i> = 23), Grade II (<i>n</i> = 4), or Grade III (<i>n</i> = 3). We used a high-throughput, multiplex immunoassay cancer panel comprising of 92 cancer-related protein biomarkers to explore the serum protein profiles of meningioma patients. We detected 14 differentially expressed proteins in the sera of the Grade I meningioma patients in comparison to the age- and gender-matched control subjects (<i>n</i> = 12). Compared to the control group, Grade I meningioma patients showed increased serum levels of amphiregulin (AREG), CCL24, CD69, prolactin, EGF, HB-EGF, caspase-3, and decreased levels of VEGFD, TGF-α, E-Selectin, BAFF, IL-12, CCL9, and GH. For validation studies, we utilized an independent set of meningioma tumor tissue samples (Grade I, <i>n</i> = 20; Grade II, <i>n</i> = 10; Grade III, <i>n</i> = 6), and found that the expressions of amphiregulin and Caspase3 are significantly increased in all grades of meningiomas either at the transcriptional or protein level, respectively. In contrast, the gene expression of VEGF-D was significantly lower in Grade I meningioma tissue samples. Taken together, our study identifies a meningioma-specific protein signature in blood circulation of meningioma patients and highlights the importance of equilibrium between tumor-promoting factors and anti-tumor immunity.
The Development of an Aluminum Failure Model for Crashworthiness Design (1999)

Abstract Providing vehicle occupant protection with advanced structural design for crash energy management is an important consideration in vehicle development. In most cases energy absorption by structural deformation requires a material that is able to accommodate high strain levels in order to prevent or limit material separation which could lead to an undesirable collapse mode and poor energy absorption. Therefore, the development of crashworthy alloys and design concepts is critical to the application of new, lightweight materials in automotive structures. To this end, analytical methods and computer simulations are widely used in the automotive industry to provide a better understanding of the crash mechanisms and to improve the overall development process. This paper describes the development of a material failure model for efficient design of aluminum alloys, thin-wall components and structures in the consideration of crash energy management. The results of the verification studies are illustrated to demonstrate the accuracy of the failure model for various test conditions. These studies include simulations of coupons and components made from aluminum castings and extrusions under free bend, three-point bend, axial crush and lateral crush tests. The simulations successfully predicted the locations of the major cracks observed in the tested specimens and the energy absorption capability of the specimens. The major benefits of this tool include (1) Improved alloy development and selection, (2) Reduced number of tests and (3) Decreased design time and cost. These benefits lead to a more optimized design for cost, weight and crash energy management, therefore, facilitating the implementation of aluminum components and structures into automotive applications.
Spectrum Quantization and Feedback for Downlink Massive MIMO Systems With Cascaded Precoding. (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the quantization and the feedback of downlink statistical channel information for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with cascaded precoding. Massive MIMO has gained a lot of attention recently because of its ability to significantly improve the network performance. To reduce the overhead of downlink channel estimation and uplink feedback in frequency-division duplex massive MIMO systems, cascaded precoding has been proposed, where the outer precoder is implemented using traditional limited feedback while the inner precoder is determined by the spatial covariance matrix of the channels. In massive MIMO systems, it is difficult to quantize the spatial covariance matrix because of its large size caused by the huge number of antennas. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity and low-overhead approach based on the quantization and the feedback of the spatial spectrum to construct a codebook composed of quantized covariance matrices. The proposed approach has much smaller leakage than the traditional discrete Fourier transform submatrix based precoding. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the feedback overhead at the cost of a slight performance degradation.
Detection of People and Tracking Test Bed Using Multiple Sensors (2007)

In mobile and ubiquitous computing environments, acquisition of contextual information about a user situation is necessary to provide useful services. Although the definition of user context may change according to the situation or the service used, contextual information about who, where, and when are considered to be essential. We have built a test bed with multiple sensors: floor pressure sensors, RFID (radio frequency identification) tag systems, and cameras, to carry out experiments to detect the positions of users and track their movement. The test bed is described and experimental results are presented. By using the background subtraction method, which is conventional and effective, we found moving objects can be extracted under limited conditions in real time.
Impact of the ISCHEMIA Trial on Stress Nuclear Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (2020)

The International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) was a randomized trial of 5,179 patients comparing the effects of optimal medical therapy versus the combination of optimal medical therapy and coronary revascularization on major adverse
Cooperative hardware/software caching for next-generation memory systems (2004)

The memory system remains a major performance bottleneck in modern and future architectures. In this dissertation, we propose a hardware/software cooperative approach and demonstrate its effectiveness. This approach combines the global yet imperfect view of the compiler with the timely yet narrow-scope context of the hardware. It relies on a light-weight extension to the instruction set architecture to convey compile-time knowledge (hints) to the hardware. The hardware then uses these hints to make better decisions. Our work shows that a cooperative hardware/software approach to (1) cache replacement, (2) prefetching, and (3) their combination eliminates or tolerates much of the memory performance bottleneck. (1) Our work enhances cache replacement decisions using compiler hints. The compiler detects which data will or will not be reused and annotates loads accordingly. The compiler sets one bit (the evict-me bit) to denote a preferred eviction candidate. On a miss, the cache replacement algorithm preferentially replaces a cache line with its evict-me bit set. Otherwise, it follows the LRU policy. The evict-me replacement scheme improves cache replacement decisions and is effective in both L1 and L2 caches. (2) We also use compiler hints to direct aggressive hardware region prefetching and content-aware pointer prefetching. The original SRP (scheduled region prefetching) engine queues prefetching requests on every outstanding L2 miss and tolerates latencies at the cost of dramatically increasing the memory traffic. GRP (guided region prefetching) enhances SRP by restricting prefetching to compiler-marked loads. Our compiler algorithms effectively mark spatial reuses across the SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks, and thus GRP achieves the performance of SRP with only one eighth of the additional traffic. (3) The evict-me cache replacement scheme helps alleviate the side effects of cache pollution introduced by useless region prefetches. The combination of evict-me caching and region prefetching further improves cache performance. These results demonstrate significant promise for overcoming the memory bottleneck with cooperative hardware/software techniques.
Does Freeze–Thawing Influence the Effects of Platelet Concentrates? An In Vitro Study on Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (2016)

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) have been proposed as a possible therapy for tissue regeneration in aesthetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgery. Today, platelet concentrates are used in a wide range of disciplines, but their storage has become a controversial aspect. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), after a freeze–thawing cycle, on the proliferation and biological activity of progenitor cells involved in soft tissue healing. Different formulations of activated PRGF were added to hASCs cultured in serum-free medium. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT test and cell count up to 7 and 12-day incubation. Osteo-differentiation ability of hASCs was also tested after 7 and 14-day incubation by alkaline phosphatase assay. The effects of 4 PRGF preparations (fresh/frozen and with/without platelets) were compared with corresponding formulations of plasma poor in growth factors and with standard medium. hASCs cultured in the presence of platelet concentrates increased proliferation rate with respect to cells grown in standard medium without significant differences among all the tested plasma formulations on cell viability up to 12 days of culture. PRGF activity is preserved after cryopreservation and platelet-rich preparations promoted osteo-differentiation of hASCs at day 7. In conclusion, PRGF supports the proliferation and the differentiation of progenitor cells in vitro also when applied after cryopreservation. Platelet concentrates, either alone or in combination with mesenchymal stem cells, might be a valuable tool in the field of tissue regeneration.
Phase III Study of Gemcitabine Plus Docetaxel Compared With Capecitabine Plus Docetaxel for Anthracycline-Pretreated Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer (2009)

No difference was observed between GD and CD arms in PFS, ORR, and OS. TTF was longer in the GD arm. These findings, combined with a nonhematologic toxicity profile that favors GD over approved doses of CD, suggest that gemcitabine may be a better option than capecitabine in combination with docetaxel in this clinical setting.
Characterization of novel yeast RAD6 (UBC2) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme mutants constructed by charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis (1995)

Ubiquitination of intracellular proteins by the yeast RAD6 (UBC2) ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme is required for cellular processes as diverse as DNA repair, selective proteolysis, and normal growth. For most RAD6-dependent functions, the relevant in vivo targets, as well as the mechanisms and cofactors that govern RAD6 substrate selectivity, are unknown. We have explored the utility of "charge-to-alanine" scanning mutagenesis to generate novel RAD6 mutants that are enzymatically competent with respect to unfacilitated (E3-independent) ubiquitination but that are nevertheless severely handicapped with respect to several in vivo functions. Five of the nine mutants we generated show defects in their in vivo functions, but almost all of the most severely affected mutants displayed unfacilitated ubiquitin-conjugating activity in vitro. We suggest that E2 mutants obtained by this approach are likely to be defective with respect to interaction with other, trans-acting factors required for their intracellular activity or substrate selectivity and therefore will be useful for further genetic and biochemical studies of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme function.
Imidazo[2,1‐<i>b</i>]thiazole carbamates and acylureas as potential insect control agents (1989)

Abstract Imidazo[2,1‐ b ]thiazole carbamates and acylureas were prepared by reaction of 5‐hydroxymethylimidazo‐[2,1‐ b ]thiazole and imidazo[2,1‐ b ]thiazole‐5‐carboxyamide with arylisocyanates. The products formed depend from the substituent bonded at the 6 position of the imidazothiazole moiety, and from the reaction conditions.
Probing the Redox States of Sodium Channel Cysteines at the Binding Site of μO§-Conotoxin GVIIJ (2015)

μO§-Conotoxin GVIIJ is a 35-amino acid peptide that readily blocks six of eight tested NaV1 subunit isoforms of voltage-gated sodium channels. μO§-GVIIJ is unusual in having an S-cysteinylated cysteine (at residue 24). A proposed reaction scheme involves the peptide-channel complex stabilized by a disulfide bond formed via thiol-disulfide exchange between Cys24 of the peptide and a Cys residue at neurotoxin receptor site 8 in the pore module of the channel (specifically, Cys910 of rat NaV1.2). To examine this model, we synthesized seven derivatives of μO§-GVIIJ in which Cys24 was disulfide-bonded to various thiols (or SR groups) and tested them on voltage-clamped Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing NaV1.2. In the proposed model, the SR moiety is a leaving group that is no longer present in the final peptide-channel complex; thus, the same koff value should be obtained regardless of the SR group. We observed that all seven derivatives, whose kon values varied over a 30-fold range, had the same koff value. Concordant results were observed with NaV1.6, for which the koff was 17-fold larger. Additionally, we tested two μO§-GVIIJ derivatives (where SR was glutathione or a free thiol) on two NaV1.2 Cys replacement mutants (NaV1.2[C912A] and NaV1.2[C918A]) without and with reduction of channel disulfides by dithiothreitol. The results indicate that Cys910 in wild-type NaV1.2 has a free thiol and conversely suggest that in NaV1.2[C912A] and NaV1.2[C918A], Cys910 is disulfide-bonded to Cys918 and Cys912, respectively. Redox states of extracellular cysteines of sodium channels have hitherto received scant attention, and further experiments with GVIIJ may help fill this void.
Zunahme der Prävalenz von Antikörpern gegen LAV/HTLV III bei Drogenabhängigen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (2008)

Sera obtained from 927 drug addicts in 1983 to 1985 were tested for antibodies against LAV/HTLV-III. There was a steadily rising proportion of positive results: 10.1% in 1983, 17.6% in 1984 and 23.9% in 1985. In each year the prevalence of anti-LAV/HTLV-III was higher among female than male addicts. No increased proportion of positive results was demonstrable in relation to age. Among 152 sera from 1983/84, hepatitis-B markers were found in 72 (43.7%), of whom 10 (14%) were also anti-LAV/HTLV-III positive. Among hepatitis-B marker-negative sera there were 8 (6%) which were also anti-LAV/HTLV-III positive. The prevalence of anti-LAV/HTLV-III in drug addicts in prisons, rehabilitation centres, hospitals and medical practices was similar. There is a danger that prostitution by addicts for obtaining drugs will cause a penetration of LAV/HTLV-III in the rest of the population.
Joining of Silicon Carbide to Ferritic Stainless Steel Using a W–Pd–Ni Interlayer for High‐Temperature Applications (2009)

For silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics to be used either as structural materials or as functional components, combinations of SiC with metals are frequently encountered. Joining of SiC to ferritic stainless steel has been successfully realized using W–Pd–Ni as an interlayer for high‐temperature applications (∼600°C). A two‐step joining experiment was performed using the powder metallurgical method. Microstructural evaluation revealed that both the SiC/W–Pd–Ni and the W–Pd–Ni/steel interfaces are bonded well, and interdiffusions as well as chemical interfacial reactions occur in the reaction zone. The microstructural evolution and formation mechanism of the reaction layers were analyzed. The apparent shear strength and hardness of the joints were measured. The effects of joining temperature and holding time on the interfacial microstructure development and the strength of the joints were also investigated.
Microwave Imaging in Closed Cavities — Locating Spatial Inhomogeneities of Dielectric Objects (2009)

Detection of inhomogeneities in dielectric materials is required in many practical applications; these include reconstruction of voids inside concrete structures or bricks, detection of defects in wood slabs and in composite panels, detection of porosity in ceramics and molded rubber, monitoring of inhomogeneities in food products, etc. One of possible techniques for its solution is microwave (MW) imaging (1). The recent advances in the theory and solution techniques for inverse problems in free space (see, e.g., (2)) has inspired substantial progress of MW imaging in open space despite the fact that corresponding experimental implementations of practical techniques of non-destructive evaluation and testing (NDE/NDT) are typically quite complicated. In terms of measurements, MW imaging in closed systems may be simpler and provide high accuracy of measurements (3), however, the techniques of NDE/NDT of materials by the waveguide/resonator fields have not received an in-depth consideration so far — in part, likely due to substantial complexity of theoretical aspects of the related inverse problem. In this contribution, we present an extension of our original technique (4) for the detection of a position and a size of an object in a dielectric sample placed in a waveguide. The technique relies on an artificial neural network used for the numerical inversion of the problem and reconstruction of geometrical parameters of the tested object. It requires only elementary measurements of complex reflection and transmission coefficients. A direct scattering problem is solved with the use of full-wave 3D FDTD analysis; corresponding numerical data are employed for network training and testing. Here we explore the applicability of this technique introduced in (4) for spherical inclusions to diverse combinations of materials (low and high contracts) and alternative shapes. Required numerical data are obtained with the 3-D conformal FDTD simulator QuickWave- 3D (5). We present the numerical results for detection of an inhomogeneity in an object for: (1) a glass sphere in a rectangular Teflon block, (2) an air sphere in a rectangular Teflon block, (3) a sphere of unfrozen raw beef in a rectangular block of frozen raw beef, and (4) a sphere of frozen raw beef in a rectangular block of unfrozen raw beef. Our computational experiments with the WR975 (248 × 124 mm) waveguide show that, at 915 MHz, the sizes and position of the glass and air spheres of more then 15 mm diameter are detected with the average error of 0.9-2.2%. The cases involving raw beef are more complex due to the significantly larger loss factor of the unfrozen beef. However, our technique allows for reconstructing, with an acceptable accuracy and for a reasonable computational cost, the unfrozen spheres of more then 12 mm diameter and the frozen spheres of more then 40 mm diam- eter. Finally, it is shown that the method can also be straightforwardly adjusted to the scenarios of reconstruction of inclusions of other (e.g., cylindrical, ellipsoidal, etc.) shapes.
Comparing Cross-Sections and 3D Renderings for Surface Matching Tasks Using Physical Ground Truths (2016)

Within the visualization community there are some well-known techniques for visualizing 3D spatial data and some general assumptions about how perception affects the performance of these techniques in practice. However, there is a lack of empirical research backing up the possible performance differences among the basic techniques for general tasks. One such assumption is that 3D renderings are better for obtaining an overview, whereas cross sectional visualizations such as the commonly used Multi-Planar Reformation (MPR) are better for supporting detailed analysis tasks. In the present study we investigated this common assumption by examining the difference in performance between MPR and 3D rendering for correctly identifying a known surface. We also examined whether prior experience working with image data affects the participant's performance, and whether there was any difference between interactive or static versions of the visualizations. Answering this question is important because it can be used as part of a scientific and empirical basis for determining when to use which of the two techniques. An advantage of the present study compared to other studies is that several factors were taken into account to compare the two techniques. The problem was examined through an experiment with 45 participants, where physical objects were used as the known surface (ground truth). Our findings showed that: 1. The 3D renderings largely outperformed the cross sections; 2. Interactive visualizations were partially more effective than static visualizations; and 3. The high experience group did not generally outperform the low experience group.
Modeling of Heat and Fluid Flow in Weld Pool by Stationary Gas Tungsten Arc. Analytical Study of Penetration Process in GTA Welding. (1). (2000)

A numerical study of time-dependent penetration processes in stainless steel with convective forces by stationary gas tungsten arc is described. The numerical solution technique based on finite-difference method was adopted in the development of mathematical models for investigating heat transfer problem in the weld pool. The computational model consists of the transport equations and considers driving forces of fluid flow ; electromagnetic force, surface tension force, and plasma stream shear stress. Surface tension data depending on temperature and sulfur concentration were given in the calculation. It is shown that both of the penetration shape and the surface temperature distribution are affected by convective flow in the weld pool.
Neutron Electric Dipole Moments with Clover Fermions (2020)

We present preliminary results for the contributions to the neutron EDM arising from the QCD $\theta$-term, the Weinberg three-gluon and the quark chromo-EDM operators from our ongoing lattice calculations using clover valence quarks on the MILC HISQ lattices. We use the gradient-flow technique to smooth the lattices and renormalize the gluonic operators, and use the Schwinger source method to incorporate the quark chromo-EDM interactions in the quark propagator. For the QCD $\theta$-term and the Weinberg three-gluon operator, we report results in the gradient-flow scheme from 8 ensembles at four lattice spacings and three pion masses, including 2 physical pion mass ensembles. For the quark chromo-EDM, unrenormalized results are presented at two lattice spacings, $a=0.12$ and $0.09$ fm, and two pion masses, $M_\pi = 310$ MeV and $220$ MeV.
Laryngeal Coccidioidomycosis with Vocal Fold Paralysis (2011)

We present the case of a 52-year-old woman with recurrent disseminated coccidioidomycosis involving the larynx that was associated with vocal fold paralysis. The diagnosis was confirmed by histologic biopsy, and the patient had an excellent response to systemic antifungal treatment. However, her vocal fold motion did not return. We also review the current world literature.