gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soil Physicochemical Conditions, Denitrification Rates, and<i>nosZ</i>Abundance in North Carolina Coastal Plain Restored Wetlands (2015)

Over the last century, North Carolina has seen a severe reduction in the percentage of wetlands and a rise in negative environmental impacts related to this loss. To counter these effects, efforts have been enacted to mitigate wetland loss and create new wetland areas. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of hydrological restoration at several sites in the North Carolina coastal plain. Nine sites were selected for study. Hydrologically restored wetlands were compared with natural wetlands and prior converted (PC) croplands (i.e., historic wetlands under agricultural production). Each site was analyzed along a relative wetness gradient, and physicochemical properties, denitrification enzyme activity, and NO reductase gene () abundances using real-time PCR were measured. Physicochemically, restoration resulted in significantly increased levels of total C as compared with PC cropland sites. Restored wetland sites also saw pH, soil moisture, P, and NO+NO approximate levels similar to those of natural wetlands. Denitrification enzyme activity rates varied based on relative wetness within individual sites, generally increasing with increasing soil moisture. However, denitrification tended to be lower in restored wetland sites relative to natural wetlands. Gene abundances of saw statistically significant decreases in restored wetland soils. In conclusion, although analysis of restored wetlands reveals clear changes in several physicochemical characteristics and significant decreases in gene abundances, restoration efforts appear to have not significantly affected the denitrification component of the N cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REDUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF DODECACARBONYLTRIIRON ON BASIC ALUMINA (1980)

Abstract Mit dem aus Trieisendodecacarbonyl hergestellten Hydrid (II) werden die Nitroverbindungen (I) zu den Aminen (III) reduziert.
Internal Ballistics Considerations of Nozzleless Rocket Motors (1999)

Thefundamentalsoftheinternalballisticsofsolid-propellantnozzlelessrocketmotorshavebeenstudiedtheoreticallyandexperimentally.Aimedatthemajorbasicaspects,thetheoreticalanalysisconsistedofaquasi-steady-state one-dimensionale ow ofa perfect gas in a constant-area port, assuming a uniform burning rate along the grain asa resultofthecompensating effectsoferosiveand pressure-dependentburning contributions.Thesimplie edanalysis has beenfound to be an excellent tool to exhibit fundamental characteristics. Itrevealed that thetheoreticalachievable specie c impulse in a nozzleless rocket cannot exceed approximately 86% of its value in an adapted-nozzle rocket operating at the same average chamber pressure. An experimental parametric study using cylindrical propellant grains has demonstrated good agreement with the major parameters addressed in the theoretical analysis, indicating that the assumption of a uniform burning rate is a realistic approximation.
Hyaluronan Production Regulates Metabolic and Cancer Stem-like Properties of Breast Cancer Cells via Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway-coupled HIF-1 Signaling (2016)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subpopulation of self-renewing oncogenic cells. As in many other stem cells, metabolic reprogramming has been implicated to be a key characteristic of CSCs. However, little is known about how the metabolic features of cancer cells are controlled to orchestrate their CSC-like properties. We recently demonstrated that hyaluronan (HA) overproduction allowed plastic cancer cells to revert to stem cell states. Here, we adopted stable isotope-assisted tracing and mass spectrometry profiling to elucidate the metabolic features of HA-overproducing breast cancer cells. These integrated approaches disclosed an acceleration of metabolic flux in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). A metabolic shift toward glycolysis was also evident by quantitative targeted metabolomics, which was validated by the expression profiles of key glycolytic enzymes. Forced expression of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1), an HBP rate-limiting enzyme, resembled the results of HA overproduction with regard to HIF-1α accumulation and glycolytic program, whereas GFAT1 inhibition significantly decreased HIF-1α protein level in HA-overproducing cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of the HBP-HIF-1 axis abrogated HA-driven glycolytic enhancement and reduced the CSC-like subpopulation. Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence that HA production regulates the metabolic and CSC-like properties of breast cancer cells via HBP-coupled HIF-1 signaling.
Spermidine/spermine <i>N</i><sup>1</sup>-acetyltransferase overexpression in kidney epithelial cells disrupts polyamine homeostasis, leads to DNA damage, and causes G<sub>2</sub> arrest (2006)

Expression of spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) increases in kidneys subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Increased expression of SSAT in vitro leads to alterations in cellular polyamine content, depletion of cofactors and precursors of polyamine synthesis, and reduced cell proliferation. In our model system, a >28-fold increase in SSAT levels in HEK-293 cells leads to depletion of polyamines and elevation in the enzymatic activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, suggestive of a compensatory reaction to increased polyamine catabolism. Increased expression of SSAT also led to DNA damage and G(2) arrest. The increased DNA damage was primarily due to the depletion of polyamines. Other factors such as increased production of H(2)O(2) due to polyamine oxidase activity may play a secondary role in the induction of DNA lesions. In response to DNA damage the ATM/ATR --> Chk1/2 DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint pathways were activated, mediating the G(2) arrest in SSAT-expressing cells. In addition, the activation of ERK1 and ERK2, which play integral roles in the G(2)/M transition, is impaired in cells expressing SSAT. These results indicate that the disruption of polyamine homeostasis due to enhanced SSAT activity leads to DNA damage and reduced cell proliferation via activation of DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint and disruption of Raf --> MEK --> ERK pathways. We propose that in kidneys subjected to IRI, one mechanism through which increased expression of SSAT may cause cellular injury and organ damage is through induction of DNA damage and the disruption of cell cycle.
A <sup>13</sup>C CP/MAS-Based Nondegradative Method for Lignin Content Analysis (2014)

Most current lignin content analysis methods require dissociation/degradation and/or preconditioning steps. A simple yet reliable method that can be used to analyze content of various lignocellulosic biomasses without destroying their native structure is needed. In this research effort, an improved nondegradative method for determining the content of lignin in native biomass was established. By extending the scope of the solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR technique, via homogeneous mixing of an internal standard (TMSP) with varying lignin contents, a standard curve was generated for calculating the lignin content of various biomasses without dissociation or degradation. The results showed good accuracy in the calculation of lignin content. Compared to chemical degradative methods, such as the acetyl bromide method, the relative difference was less than 5.00%. This method is applicable for estimating lignin content in certain samples (e.g., acid insoluble lignin) that are difficult to analyze accurately with chemical methods. By offering an alternative methodology for lignin content estimation using solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR with an internal standard, this study also demonstrated the quantitative potential of solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR when coupled with the internal standard (TMSP). The proposed procedure fills a current technological gap in lignocellulosic biomass analysis.
Prediction of Radio-Wave Propagation in a Shield Room: Measurement, Simulation, and Theoretical Method (2020)

In this paper, electromagnetic wave analysis was performed efficiently in a large structure using the theoretical method. While taking into consideration the important assumptions of the employed theoretical method, we created an environment for measurement and simulation. A shield room with an aperture was selected as the target structure, and a measurement system based on frequency domain was constructed and used. Using the simulation tool, Wireless Insite, electromagnetic wave analysis was performed by modeling the measurement environment. To verify the efficiency and accuracy of the theoretical method, the results of the actual measurement, the commercially available simulation tool, and the theoretical method were compared. These results showed that the theoretical method can be more efficiently interpreted than the commercially available simulation tool in an electrically large structure.
End-to-End service provisioning in multigranularity multidomain optical networks (2004)

In this paper, we propose a multisegment optical network framework as a tool to solve a generalized category of problems related to end-to-end provisioning over interconnected optical networks. Based on the multisegment framework, we developed routing schemes for multigranularity multidomain optical networks. For examples of regional all-optical networks interconnected over an all-optical WDM backbone under a variety of traffic conditions, we present and compare numerical results. The performance results demonstrated the ability of our schemes to handle various network conditions under different control plane architectures.
System requirements of a stationary-head multi-track recorder (1995)

We report on the design considerations of stationary-head multi-track magnetic recorders. We focus on the particular reasons for adopting the rate 8/10, DC-free recording code, the full-response detection method, and the clock recovery circuitry. Implementation issues of the channel chip, particularly related to cost and power consumption, are addressed. A new multi-track phase-lock loop (PLL) has been developed, in order to improve the recorder's robustness against time-base variations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Evaluation of the Infiltration Capacity of Permeable Concrete Block Pavements for Urban Flood Disaster Reduction (2016)

The impermeable areas increased by urban development results in decreased basin lag time, increased of the peak flow and deterioration of rainfall...
Assessment of right ventricular function by treadmill exercise stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (2014)

Cardiac MR (CMR) is considered the gold standard to assess right ventricular (RV) function in different scenarios, including cases of congenital heart disease. Moreover, an MR-compatible treadmill coupled with Real Time (RT) CMR has been developed for stress testing, and may be an optimal choice in this setting. The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility and accuracy of a RT CMR protocol to evaluate RV function at rest and after treadmill exercise in adults with history of repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF).
Structure-Specific Patterns of Neural Stem Cell Engraftment After Transplantation in the Adult Mouse Brain (2006)

Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) may be useful for delivering exogenous gene products to the diseased CNS. When NSCs are transplanted into the developing mouse brain, they can migrate extensively and differentiate into cells appropriate to the sites of engraftment, in response to the normal signals directing endogenous cells to their appropriate fates. Much of the prior work on NSC migration in the adult brain has examined directed migration within or toward focal areas of injury such as ischemia, brain tumors, or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions. However, treatment of many genetic disorders that affect the CNS will require widespread dissemination of the donor cells in the postnatal brain, because the lesions are typically distributed globally. We therefore tested the ability of NSCs to migrate in the unlesioned adult mouse brain after stereotaxic transplantation into several structures including the cortex and hippocampus. NSC engraftment was monitored in live animals by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) labeling of cells. Histological studies demonstrated that the cells engrafted in significantly different patterns within different regions of the brain. In the cerebral cortex, donor cells migrated in all directions from the injection site. The cells maintained an immature phenotype and cortical migration was enhanced by trypsin treatment of the cells, indicating a role for cell surface proteins. In the hippocampus, overall cell survival and migration were lower but there was evidence of neuronal differentiation. In the thalamus, the transplanted cells remained in a consolidated mass at the site of injection. These variations in pattern of engraftment should be taken into account when designing treatment approaches in nonlesion models of neurologic disease.
A functional genomic screen in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> reveals divergent mechanisms of resistance to different alkylphosphocholine chemotherapeutic agents (2020)

Abstract The alkylphosphocholine (APC) class of antineoplastic and antiprotozoal drugs, such as edelfosine and miltefosine, are structural mimics of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), and are inhibitory to the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at low micromolar concentrations. Cytotoxic effects related to inhibition of phospholipid synthesis, induction of an unfolded protein response, inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, and disruption of lipid rafts have been attributed to members of this drug class, however the molecular mechanisms of action of these drugs remain incompletely understood. Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of the alkylphosphocholines exhibit variability with regard to chemical structure, leading to differences in effectiveness against different organisms or cell types. We now report the comprehensive identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae titratable-essential gene and haploid non-essential gene deletion mutants that are resistant to the APC drug miltefosine (hexadecyl- O -phosphocholine). 58 strains out of ~5600 tested displayed robust and reproducible resistance to miltefosine. This gene set was heavily enriched in functions associated with vesicular transport steps, especially those involving endocytosis and retrograde transport of endosome derived vesicles to the Golgi or vacuole, suggesting a role for these trafficking pathways in transport of miltefosine to potential sites of action in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrion. In addition, we identified mutants with defects in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate synthesis (TetO:: STT4 ) and hydrolysis ( sac1 Δ), an oxysterol binding protein homolog ( osh2 Δ), a number of ER resident proteins, and multiple components of the eisosome. These findings suggest that ER-plasma membrane contact sites and retrograde vesicle transport are involved in the interorganelle transport of lyso-PtdCho and related lyso-phospholipid-like analogs to their intracellular sites of cytotoxic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of Alkylating Agent Prodrugs Derived from Phenol and Aniline Mustards: A New Clinical Candidate Prodrug (ZD2767) for Antibody‐Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (ADEPT). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Z Helix-coil Transition of d(C-Br<sup>8</sup>G-C-G-C-Br<sup>8</sup>G) Studied by CD,<sup>1</sup>H-NMR and IR Spectroscopies (1985)

The conformation of d(C-Br8G-C-G-C-Br8G) in aqueous solution was studied by CD and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and in condensed phase by IR spectroscopy. Whether in 0.1 M or 3 M NaCl solution or in film the only double helical structure adopted by brominated d(C-G)3 oligomer is the Z form. The IR spectrum of the film presents all the characteristic absorptions of the Z conformation and in particular is indicative of a syn conformation for the central guanosine as well as for the brominated one. Imino proton resonances of d(C-Br8G-C-G-C-Br8G) demonstrating the duplex formation were observed up to 60 degrees C. It is interesting to note that the significant highfield shifts of the dC H5" exocyclic sugar protons characteristic of the non exchangeable proton spectra of d(C-G)3 containing 5-methyl dC residues in the Z form were also detected in the proton spectrum of brominated oligomer. Whereas formation of the Z helix of methylated d(C-G)3 oligomers dependent on the salt concentration was found to occur via the preliminary formation of a B helix even in 4 M NaCl solution, the Z helix of d(C-Br8G-C-G-C-Br8G) is obtained directly from the coil form. However, IR data suggest that in the Z form of d(C-Br8G-C-G-C-Br8G), the overlapping of the base planes should be slightly different in comparison with the stacking observed in d(C-G)3 crystals. The kinetic data (activation energy and lifetime) of the Z helix-coil transition of brominated d(C-G)3 are compared to those of the B helix-coil transition observed for methylated d(C-G)3 in 0.1 M NaCl solution while the thermodynamic data of these two reactions (enthalpy and midpoint temperature) are slightly different.
Distributed Feedback Interband Cascade Lasers and their Spectroscopic Applications in Gas Sensing (2014)

Application-grade distributed feedback Interband Cascade Laser devices operating at specific, industrially relevant, wavelengths between 3 and 6 μm are presented. Continuous wave operation up to 80°C with tuning ranges above 20 nm was achieved.
Port calling: a transformation for reducing I/O during multi-package functional partitioning (2002)

Partitioning a system among multiple input and output (I/O) pin limited packages is a widely researched and hard-to-solve problem. I previously (Proc. Int. Symp. on FPGA, pp. 27-34, 1997) described a new approach yielding large improvements, which partitioned functions rather than structure, and which used a single bus for all inter-package data transfer. In this paper, I describe an extension permitting arbitrary distribution of I/O among the packages, and highlight experiments demonstrating even further I/O reductions, as well as surprisingly improved performance, with nearly no penalty.
Influence of Maternal Xylitol Consumption on Mother–Child Transmission of Mutans Streptococci: 6–Year Follow–Up (2001)

Xylitol is effective as a noncariogenic or even cariostatic sugar substitute. Habitual xylitol consumption appears to select for mutans streptococci (MS) which shed easily into saliva from plaque. We have earlier shown that habitual xylitol consumption of mothers was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the probability of mother-child transmission of MS assessed at 2 years of age. The aim of the present study was to assess the children's MS counts 1 and 4 years after the maternal xylitol consumption had been discontinued. At baseline, during pregnancy, all mothers (n = 195) showed high salivary levels of MS. The mothers were randomly assigned to xylitol, fluoride (F) and chlorhexidine (CHX) groups. In the xylitol group, the mothers chewed xylitol-sweetened gum, for 21 months, starting 3 months after delivery. In the two control groups, the mothers received CHX or F varnish treatments at 6, 12 and 18 months after delivery. At the 2-year examination, 169 mother-child pairs participated. At the 3-year and 6-year examinations, there were 159 and 147 children in the study, respectively. For children's MS analyses, visible plaque was collected using toothpicks at the age of 3 and paraffin-stimulated saliva at the age of 6. The persons involved in the collection and analysis of the microbiological samples were blinded as to the study design and group. Both the plaque and salivary MS were cultured on Mitis salivarius agars containing bacitracin. In all groups, the colonization percentages increased during the follow-up. At the 3-year examination, the children's risk of having MS colonization was 2.3-fold in the F group (95% CI 1.3-4.2) compared to the xylitol group. This difference was statistically significant. Even at 6 years of age, the salivary MS levels were significantly lower in the xylitol group than in the other groups (ANOVA, p<0.001). In conclusion, the earlier demonstrated, xylitol-associated reduction in the probability of mother-child transmission of MS was still found in the children's MS counts at the age of 3 and 6 years.
The neuroendocrine phenotype, cellular plasticity, and the search for genetic switches: redefining the diffuse neuroendocrine system. (2003)

The term neuroendocrine has been used to define cells that secrete their products in a regulated manner, in response to a specific stimulus. The neuroendocrine system includes neurons and endocrine cells sharing a common phenotypic program characterized by the expression of markers such as neuropeptides, chromogranins, neuropeptide processing enzymes SPC2 and SPC3 (subtilase-like pro-protein convertases) or dense core secretory granules. Various theories such as the APUD (amine precursor uptake decarboxylation) concept, the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) or the paraneuron concept have been put forth to classify neuroendocrine cells as a cohesive group. Neuroendocrine characteristics have been used as evidence of a common embryological origin for normal and neoplastic cells. However, it is now recognized that neuroendocrine characteristics can be observed in various cell types, such as immunocytes, that are not of a common embryological origin with either neurons or endocrine cells. We propose to redefine previous "neuroendocrine" concepts to include the notion that activation of specific genetic switches can lead to the expression of a partial or full neuroendocrine phenotype in a variety of cell types, including immune cells.
Vinblastine transport by membrane vesicles from human multidrug-resistant CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells: inhibition by taxol and membrane permeabilising agents. (1993)

Inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from multidrug resistant human leukemic cells (CEM/VBL1000), but not from sensitive cells, transported [3H]-labelled vinblastine (VBL) in an ATP-dependent manner, reaching a plateau level by 15 min. The transport occurred with an apparent Km of 60 +/- 20nM. Verapamil (10 microM), and taxol (IC50 = 1 microM) prevented VBL uptake and evoked VBL diffusion from vesicles when added after VBL uptake had reached steady state. The channel forming agent alamethicin prevented net uptake of VBL and addition of alamethicin to the vesicles after the steady-state had been reached resulted in the rapid efflux of [3H]VBL. Very low concentrations of Triton X-100 (0.01 % v/v) also prevented net uptake of VBL, whilst addition of Triton X-100 and making the medium hypo-osmotic after the steady state had been reached caused the [3H]VBL to rapidly diffuse out of the vesicles. These observations indicate that VBL is actively transported into the lumen of inside-out vesicles from multidrug resistant leukaemia cells.