gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Dereverberation/Deconvolution Filtering Based on Gaussian Mixture Modeling (2019)

Reverberation is a significant source of degradation in ultrasound imaging in regions with mixtures of scattering structures. Its effects vary from subtle to pronounced, but they can degrade both spatial and contrast resolutions. Deconvolution filters based on the system impulse response often improve axial resolution in uniform speckle regions, but may not perform optimally in complex scattering regions. We have developed an algorithm for the design of a dereverberation/deconvolution filter (DDF) based on a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) of echo data from heterogeneous tissues. RF data were collected using the LA 14-5 probe on a SonixRP scanner while imaging the femoral artery of a familial hypercholesterolemic swine in vivo under approved protocol. The tissues surrounding the target vessel included muscle, fat and connective tissue. Correlation cell sizes and echo statistics differed substantially, which justified the use of the GMM of order 5 for this FOV. The DDF filter was derived from A-lines passing through the vessel to capture short- and long-range spatial correlations, a key feature for estimating the GMM parameters. An expectation-maximization algorithm was used to derive the DDF coefficients while updating the GMM. The algorithm converges within a few iterations to a causally stable IIR filter with well-behaved impulse response. Further iterations allow the DDF to equalize the frequency response and achieve deconvolution without the need for regularization.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Medium: A New Highly Efficient Proline‐Sugar Chimeric Catalyst (2011)

Abstract A new synthetic catalyst, capable of acting like an enzyme in the accomplishment of direct aldol reactions, is presented. Excellent results, in terms of chemical yields and diastereo‐/enantiomeric ratios, are reported for the catalyzed additions of cyclohexanone to variously substituted benzaldehydes.
Distinct Tyrosine Residues within the Interleukin-2 Receptor β Chain Drive Signal Transduction Specificity, Redundancy, and Diversity (1996)

To explore the basis for interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling specificity, the roles of tyrosine-based sequences located within the cytoplasmic tails of the beta and gammac chains were examined in the murine helper T cell line HT-2. Activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, cellular proliferation, and the induction of various genes were monitored. All four of the cytoplasmic tyrosine residues as well as the distal portion of the gammac proved dispensable for the entire spectrum of IL-2R signaling responses studied. Conversely, select tyrosine residues within the beta chain were essential and differentially required for various signaling events. Specifically, activation of c-fos gene expression was found to occur exclusively through the most membrane proximal tyrosine, Tyr-338, whereas proliferation and the activation of STAT-5 were induced either through Tyr-338 or through the two C-terminal tyrosine residues, Tyr-392 and Tyr-510. These tyrosine residues mediated the induction of two different STAT-5 isoforms, which were found to form heterodimers upon receptor activation. In contrast to the tyrosine dependence of c-fos and STAT-5 induction, bcl-2 gene induction proceeded independently of all IL-2Rbeta tyrosine residues. Thus, the tyrosine-based modules present within the IL-2Rbeta cytoplasmic tail play a critical role in IL-2R signaling, mediating specificity, redundancy, and multifunctionality.
Derivative-Free Policy Optimization for Linear Risk-Sensitive and Robust Control Design: Implicit Regularization and Sample Complexity (2021)

Direct policy search serves as one of the workhorses in modern reinforcement learning (RL), and its applications in continuous control tasks have recently attracted increasing attention. In this work, we investigate the convergence theory of policy gradient (PG) methods for learning the linear risk-sensitive and robust controller. In particular, we develop PG methods that can be implemented in a derivative-free fashion by sampling system trajectories, and establish both global convergence and sample complexity results in the solutions of two fundamental settings in risk-sensitive and robust control: the finite-horizon linear exponential quadratic Gaussian, and the finite-horizon linear-quadratic disturbance attenuation problems. As a by-product, our results also provide the first sample complexity for the global convergence of PG methods on solving zero-sum linear-quadratic dynamic games, a nonconvex-nonconcave minimax optimization problem that serves as a baseline setting in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with continuous spaces. One feature of our algorithms is that during the learning phase, a certain level of robustness/risk-sensitivity of the controller is preserved, which we termed as the implicit regularization property, and is an essential requirement in safety-critical control systems.
Effects of Replacing Lactose with Novel Carbohydrate Sources on Nursery Pig Growth Performance (2022)

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of replacing lactose in Phase 1 and 2 nursery pig diets with 1 of 2 novel carbohydrate (CHO) products (CHO-D and CHO-L; Cargill Starches, Sweeteners, & Texturizers, Blair, NE) on growth performance and fecal dry matter. A total of 360 barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 13.2 ± 0.10 lb) were used in a 42-d growth trial. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, randomly allotted to pens in 1 of 2 weight blocks based on initial BW (initially 12.0 and 14.5 lb), and then allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. There were 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment across 2 barns. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based with 5 to 7.5% DDGS and included: 1) negative control (NC; containing 0.08 and 0.04% lactose, phase 1 and 2, respectively); 2) positive control (PC; containing 10 and 5% lactose, phase 1 and 2, respectively); 3) 50% of lactose replaced with the dry novel CHO (50% CHO-D; containing 5 and 2.5% lactose, phase 1 and 2, respectively); 4) 100% of lactose replaced with CHO-D (100% CHO-D; containing 0.09 and 0.05% lactose, phase 1 and 2 respectively); 5) 50% of lactose replaced with the liquid novel CHO (50% CHO-L; containing 5 and 2.5% lactose, phase 1 and 2, respectively); or 6) 100% of lactose replaced with CHO-L (100% CHO-L; containing 0.09 and 0.05% lactose, phase 1 and 2, respectively).Treatment diets were formulated in two dietary phases and fed from d 0 to 10 and d 10 to 24, respectively, with a common phase 3 diet fed for the remainder of the study. During the treatment period (d 0 to 24) there was a weight block × CHO source interaction (P = 0.045) on ADFI, in which heavyweight pigs fed the PC diet had greater (P = 0.001) ADFI than lightweight pigs fed the same diet, while there was no significant difference due to weight block among any other CHO sources. Furthermore, overall (d 0 to 42) there was a tendency for a weight block × CHO source interaction (P= 0.067) on ADFI. Additionally, pigs in the heavyweight block had greater (P ≤ 0.001) BW, ADG, and ADFI compared to pigs in the lightweight block throughout the experiment. However, overall, pigs from the lightweight block had improved (P = 0.033) feed efficiency compared to pigs in
Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics (2011)

Non-Hermitian quantum mechanics (NHQM) is an important alternative to the standard (Hermitian) formalism of quantum mechanics, enabling the solution of otherwise difficult problems. The first book to present this theory, it is useful to advanced graduate students and researchers in physics, chemistry and engineering. NHQM provides powerful numerical and analytical tools for the study of resonance phenomena - perhaps one of the most striking events in nature. It is especially useful for problems whose solutions cause extreme difficulties within the structure of a conventional Hermitian framework. NHQM has applications in a variety of fields, including optics, where the refractive index is complex; quantum field theory, where the parity-time (PT) symmetry properties of the Hamiltonian are investigated; and atomic and molecular physics and electrical engineering, where complex potentials are introduced to simplify numerical calculations.
Modular lightweight components for peripheral e-mobility solutions (2013)

Based on a comprehensive prototype, the researchers at the Otto von Guericke University systematically investigate components and system solutions within a project regarding the interplay of electric vehicles and range extenders. In consideration of the electric vehicle, named Editha, different operating strategies for the use of range extenders in the predominant application field of electric mobility were tested. The principal objectives of the project are to determine appropriate operating strategies for the use of a range extender and operating characteristics for an optimal system configuration of existing or future engine technology in combination with the respective generator technology. Thus, sensible and expedient combinatorics with regard to weight and performance criteria arises. This project aims at gaining an overall understanding of the interplay between automotive and alternative energy generation based on the prototype and the exemplary design of both power trains.
Kalman Filtering for Improving Radio-Frequency Hand Motion Crane Control (2012)

A novel hand-motion crane control system was developed that improves performance by providing: 1) an intuitive control interface and 2) an element that reduces the complex oscillatory behavior of the payload. Hand-motion control allows operators to drive a crane by simply moving a hand-held radio-frequency tag through the desired path. Real-time location sensors track the movements of the tag and its position is used in a feedback-loop to drive the crane. However, tag measurements are corrupted by noise. It is important to understand the noise properties so that appropriate filters can be designed to mitigate the effects of noise and improve tracking accuracy. This paper quantifies the measurement noise for two possible situations during hand-motion control: when the tag is 1) located in open space inside the sensor coverage zone, and 2) is placed near large machinery. This paper also presents a Kalman filter that adapts to the noise characteristics of the workspace to minimize the tag-tracking error.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Electromagnetic 3D Model of Oral Cavity with Dental Excitation (2018)

In this paper, the use of an orthodontic brace as an antenna is investigated. The mouth cavity is modeled in a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software and the characteristics of the radiation from each tooth bracket is extracted. The results show the practical use and band limitations of using orthodontic brace as a radiating antenna. This concept can use electronic chips to detect bond breakage in the brace while the brace can be used as an antenna to transmit dental information for orthodontic applications.
PIPE: Web personalization by partial evaluation (2000)

Partial evaluation is a technique popular in the programming languages community. It is applied here as a methodology for personalizing Web content. PIPE (Personalization is Partial Evaluation) is able to personalize Web resources, without enumerating the interaction sequences beforehand. It supports information integration, and varying levels of input by Web visitors. PIPE models personalization as a form of partial evaluation, a technique that uses incomplete input information to specialize programs. This article describes the PIPE methodology and presents experimental results demonstrating its effectiveness in two different domains.
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: International Commitments and Legal Instruments (2023)

Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: InternationalCommitments and Legal Instruments
Pre-ignition-prevention control method in spark-ignition engines by detecting precursory cycles with an ion-current sensor (2023)

In gasoline engines with a higher compression ratio, abnormal combustion, such as pre-ignition and knocking, tends to occur due to higher temperature in the combustion chamber, which leads to lower engine performance. To prevent pre-ignition from occurring, we propose a pre-ignition-prevention control method that involves using an ion-current sensor integrated in an ignition system. The pre-ignition and precursory cycles are detected from the ion-current intensity and spark-discharge duration estimated from ion-current signals. Fuel-injection is increased to cool the mixture in the combustion chamber after the abnormal combustion (precursory) cycle is detected. In a commercial gasoline engine, it was demonstrated that our method can prevent pre-ignition combustion by setting a proper threshold for precursory-cycle detection. The effectiveness of the fuel-injection control was analyzed.
Allosteric activation of antithrombin is independent of charge neutralization or reversal in the heparin binding site (2006)

We investigate the hypothesis that heparin activates antithrombin (AT) by relieving electrostatic strain within helix D. Mutation of residues K125 and R129 to either Ala or Glu abrogated heparin binding, but did not activate AT towards inhibition of factors IXa or Xa. However, substitution of residues C-terminal to helix D (R132 and K133) to Ala had minimal effect on heparin affinity but resulted in appreciable activation. We conclude that charge neutralization or reversal in the heparin binding site does not drive the activating conformational change of AT, and that the role of helix D elongation is to stabilize the activated state.
A nanomedicine-promising approach to provide an appropriate colon-targeted drug delivery system for 5-fluorouracil (2015)

Targeted drug delivery plays a significant role in disease treatment associated with the colon, affording therapeutic responses for a prolonged period of time with low side effects. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in both men and women with an estimated 102,480 cases of colon cancer and 40,340 cases of rectal cancer in 2013 as reported by the American Cancer Society. In the present investigation, we developed an improved oral delivery system for existing anticancer drugs meant for colon cancer via prebiotic and probiotic approaches. The system comprises three components, namely, nanoparticles of drug coated with natural materials such as guar gum, xanthan gum (that serve as prebiotics), and probiotics. The natural gums play a dual role of protecting the drug in the gastric as well as intestinal conditions to allow its release only in the colon. In vitro results obtained from these experiments indicated the successful targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil to the colon. Electron microscopy results demonstrated that the prepared nanoparticles were spherical in shape and 200 nm in size. The in vitro release data indicated that the maximum release occurs at pH 7.2 and 7.4 with 93% of the drug released in the presence of 4% (w/v) of rat cecal content. In vivo results conclude a practical mechanism to maintain the integrity and intactness of the intestinal/colonic microflora, in the face of a "chemical attack" by oral colon-targeted drug delivery for colon cancer treatment.
Conception et réalisation d'un nouveau transpondeur DSRC à faible consommation (2014)

To increase the efficiency and safety of the road traffic, new concepts and technologies have been developed in Europe since 1992 for RTTT applications (Road Traffic & Transport Telematics). These applications use the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) devices at 5.8 GHz (ISM band). In view of the reliability and success of this technology, the use of such equipment is thus extended to the EFC (Electronic Fee Collection) or e-toll and also in many other application areas such as fleet management, public transport and parking management. Due to the broad applications, these equipments are subject to various standards CEN/TC 278, CEN ENV (EN) 12253, ETSI, etc.... The DSRC system consists in a transceiver (reader) and transponders (tags). Industrial approaches are oriented to semi-passive transponder technology, which uses the same signal sent by the reader to retransmit, performing a frequency shift and encoding data to be transmitted. This design avoids the use of the local oscillators to generate the RF wave, as in active transponders, and save electrical energy of batteries. This allows the development of relatively low cost and small size transponders. Despite advances in integrated low-power circuits technology, this concept still requires a lithium battery to operate the transponder for a period of 4-6 years. However, with the expansion of these facilities, it appears that over the years the amount of lithium to destroy has become a crucial problem for the environment. Nowadays designing a completely autonomous DSRC transponder is not feasible, since the amount of energy required is still high (8 mA/3.6 V active mode). Nevertheless, reducing the transponder electrical power consumption, as a solution to at least double the battery life, could be a good start point to improve environment protection.In this thesis we propose a new DSRC transponder with an original statechart that considerably reduces the power consumption. After validation of the new low-power consumption mode, we studied the possibility to recharge the battery of the transponder by means of Wireless Energy Harvesting. The DSRC Toll Collection RF link budget was carried out in order to estimate the amount of energy available when a car with a transponder passes through a toll system. However, RF link budget at 5.8 GHz presents a low power density, since the car does not stay enough on the DSRC antenna's field to proceed to energy harvesting. Therefore we explored another ISM frequency, the 2.45 GHz. Thus the Wireless Energy Harvesting chapter aims to further the state of the art through the design and optimization of a novel RF harvesting board design. We demonstrated that an optimum RF-DC load is required in order to achieve high RF-DC conversion efficiency. Several rectifiers and rectennas were prototyped in order to validate the numerical studies. Finally, the results obtained in this thesis are in the forefront of the State-of-the-Art of Wireless Energy Harvesting for very low available power density.
Serial Measurement of Growth-Differentiation Factor-15 in Heart Failure (2010)

GDF-15 reflects information from several pathological pathways and provides independent prognostic information in heart failure. GDF-15 levels increase over time, suggesting that GDF-15 reflects a pathophysiological axis that is not completely addressed by the therapies prescribed in Val-HeFT.
Angular analysis of the decay <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> in proton-proton collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math> (2018)

The angular distribution of the flavor-changing neutral current decay ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The analysis is based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $20.5\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The forward-backward asymmetry ${A}_{\mathrm{FB}}$ of the dimuon system and the contribution ${F}_{\mathrm{H}}$ from the pseudoscalar, scalar, and tensor amplitudes to the decay width are measured as a function of the dimuon mass squared. The measurements are consistent with the standard model expectations.
Partial discharges and noise classification under HVDC using unsupervised and semi-supervised learning (2020)

This paper tackles the problem of the classification of partial discharge (PD) and noise signals by applying unsupervised and semi-supervised learning methods. The first step in the proposed methodology is to prepare a set of classification features from the statistical moments of the distribution of the Wavelet detail coefficients extracted from a dataset of signals acquired from a test cell under 40 kVDC. In a second step, an unsupervised learning framework that implements the k–means algorithm is applied to reduce the dimensionality of this initial feature set. The Silhouette index is used to evaluate the number of natural clusters in the dataset while the Dunn index is used to determine which subset of features produces the best clustering quality. Since the unsupervised learning does not provide any method for result validation, then the third step in the methodology of this paper consists of applying a semi-supervised learning framework that implements Transductive Support-Vector Machines. The labeling of the test set that is required in this framework for the result validation is carried out by visual checking of the signal waveforms assisted by GUI tools such as the software PDflex. The results using this methodology showed a high classification accuracy and proved that both learning frameworks can be combined to optimize the selection of classification features.
Analysis of temporal carrier build‐up in reconfigurable field‐effect transistor (2021)

Abstract Based on the analysis of the carrier density change of a symmetric gate reconfigurable field‐effect transistor that can operate p‐ or n‐type transistors in an integrated circuit (IC), its unique limiting factor, carrier build‐up time, is quantitatively derived for operating speed in addition to conventional resistance and capacitance (RC) and transit time effect. Originating from the characteristic of carrier confinement in a channel between two Schottky potential barriers, the carrier build‐up time for the operation could take up to ∼1000 times longer than the transit time across the channel.