gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optische Untersuchung der Zündeigenschaften einer Vorkammerzündkerze in einem HD-Gasmotor (2019)

Vorkammer-Zündkerzen sind ein etabliertes Bauteil im Gasmotor. Ihr Entflammungsverhalten erfolgt in engem Zusammenspiel mit den Konditionen des Brennraumes und dem Strömungsverhältnissen. In vielen Einsätzen ist die Auswahl der für den jeweiligen Motor optimalen Vorkammerkzündkerze das Ergebnis vergleichender Versuche. Eine Visualisierung der Entflammung kann hier helfen, schnell zu relevanten Aussagen zu kommen. Die Visualisierung mit Hilfe von Endoskopen (Hügel et.al. Dessau 2013) leidet darunter, dass einer der Fackelstrahlen meist direkt in Richtung der Optik gezeigt hat und deswegen verschlossen werden musste. Eine Betrachtung von Asymetrien oder grundlegenden Effekten benötigt deswegen einen speziellen optischen Zugang durch den Zylinderkopf, der ein Blickfeld mit Fackelstrahl bis zum Kolben erlaubt. Nach einer Darstellung der Konstruktion des optischen Zuganges werden auch dessen Nebeneffekte - beispielsweise auf die Temperaturverteilung - an einem Forschungs-Einzylindermotor betrachtet. Die Aufnahmen zeigen die Fackelstrahlen einer symmetrischen Vorkammerkerze und die Auswirkungen der lokalen Brennraum-Konditionen auf die Fackelausbreitung und deren Gleichverteilung. Die Highspeed-Visualisierung mit Bildverstärker-Kamera zeigt im Allgemeinen die Chemilumineszenz mehrerer Spezies, die im Akkumulationszeitraum und der Betrachtungsachse kumulieren. Zusätzliche Informationen über die Mechanismen der Entflammung bietet hier eine zeitlich und räumlich aufgelöste Darstellung der Fackelstrahlen und der von Ihnen produzierten Chemilumineszenzsignale für beispielsweise CH* und C2* (s.a.Toedter et.al. 3rd int Ignition Conf. Berlin 2016). In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit wird mit dieser Methodik das Entflammungsverhalten und auch der Zündverzug beim Einsatz der Vorkammer-Zündkerze in einem Gasmotor analysiert. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse dienen als Basis für das Design an den Motor angepasster Vorkammerzündkerzen und als Ausgangspunkt für weitere Forschungen.
Data from Aberrant SYK Kinase Signaling Is Essential for Tumorigenesis Induced by TSC2 Inactivation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Somatic or germline mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) tumor suppressor genes are associated closely with the pathogenesis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a rare and progressive neoplastic disease that predominantly affects women in their childbearing years. Serum levels of the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-D are elevated significantly in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. However, there are gaps in knowledge regarding VEGF-D dysregulation and its cellular origin in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Here, we show that increased expression and activation of the tyrosine kinase Syk in TSC2-deficient cells and pulmonary nodules from lymphangioleiomyomatosis patients contributes to tumor growth. Syk kinase inhibitors blocked Syk signaling and exhibited potent antiproliferative activities in TSC2-deficient cells and an immunodeficient mouse xenograft model of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. In TSC2-deficient cells, Syk signaling increased the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP-1, which in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated the production of VEGF-D. In clinical isolates of PBMCs from lymphangioleiomyomatosis patients, VEGF-D expression was elevated. Furthermore, levels of VEGF-D and MCP-1 in patient sera correlated positively with each other. Our results illuminate the basis for lymphangioleiomyomatosis growth and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting Syk in this and other settings driven by TSC genetic mutation. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(6); 1492–502. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hotspot fixing using ILT (2011)

For low k1 lithography the resolution of critical patterns on large designs can require advanced resolution enhancement techniques for masks including scattering bars, complicated mask edge segmentation and placement, etc. Often only a portion of a large layout will need this sophisticated mask design (the hotspot), with the remainder of layout being relatively simple for OPC methods to correct. In this paper we show how inverse lithography technology (ILT) can be used to correct selected regions of a large design after standard OPC has been used to correct the simple portions of the layout. The hotspot approach allows a computationally intensive ILT to be used in a limited way to correct the most difficult portions of a design. We will discuss the most important issues such as: model matching between ILT and OPC corrections; transition region corrections near the ILT and OPC boundary region; mask complexity; total combined runtime. We will show both simulated and actual wafer lithographic improvements in the hotspot regions.
Resilient Multi-Agent Consensus Using Wi-Fi Signals (2018)

Consensus is an important capability at the heart of many multi-agent systems. Unfortunately the ability to reach consensus can be easily disrupted by the presence of an adversarial agent that spawns or <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">spoofs</i> malicious nodes in the network in order to gain a disproportionate influence on the converged value of the system as a whole. In this letter, we present a light-weight approach for spoof-resiliency with provable guarantees that solely utilizes information from wireless signals. Unlike prior approaches, our method requires no additional protocol or data storage beyond signals that are already present in the network. We establish an analytical, probabilistic bound on the influence of spoofed nodes in the system on the converged consensus value. We present results of our Wi-Fi based resilient consensus algorithm and demonstrate its effectiveness for different consensus problems such as flocking and rendezvous.
Identification, caractérisations physico-chimiques et pharmacologiques de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la mélanogenèse isolés à partir de venins d'animaux : exemple de l'Argiotoxine-636 (2015)

La melanogenese engage 3 enzymes. La tyrosinase catalyse l’oxydation des 2 premiers substrats pour former la DOPAquinone. Celle-ci, en presence de cysteine peut s’y conjuguer pour produire des pheomelanines (pigments clairs). En son absence, la DOPAquinone est convertie en DOPAchrome, precurseur de la voie de synthese des eumelanines (pigments fonces). Leur formation implique deux autres enzymes : TRP-1 et TRP-2. Un dereglement de ce processus entraine des dermatoses de type hyperpigmentations chez les phototypes IV a VI. Traiter ces problematiques efficacement sans effets secondaires necessite d'identifier de nouvelles molecules actives capables de reguler la synthese des eumelanines.Pour atteindre l'objectif, nous avons evalue l’effet inhibiteur de 100 venins d’animaux sur l’activite DOPA oxydase de la tyrosinase de champignon. Des analyses HPLC et spectrophotometriques alternees, ont permis de localiser la sous-fraction active conte-nant la molecule d'interet. La determination du poids moleculaire par spectrometrie de masse conjuguee a l’analyse d'AA apres hydrolyse acide a permis d'identifier l’Argiotoxine-636 (ARGTX-636). Elle est un inhibiteur mixte de la diphenolase. Des etudes preliminaires de SAR ont egalement ete realisees. En parallele, une methode analytique par HPLC/MS a ete mise au point pour confirmer l'activite inhibitrice de la DHICA oxydase de l'enzyme par l'ARGTX-636.Pour la premiere fois est reportee l’isolation et la caracterisation d’un nouveau compose extrait d’un venin d’araignee capable de reguler la melanogenese. Cette approche peut avoir un impact majeur dans la recherche de nouvelles molecules actives dans le domaine de la dermo-cosmetique.
In vitro transfer of cellular immunity in experimental allergic orchitis by means of immune RNA. (1979)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extracts were obtained from lymph nodes of guinea-pigs that had previously been immunized with a purified testicular antigen emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. The RNA extracts were incubated with normal guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells (NGP-PEC). After treatment, the NGP-PEC cells showed specific inhibition of migration when tested with the specific antigen. No inhibition of migration was observed when cells were tested with an unrelated antigen or when the cells were incubated with RNA obtained from animals immunized with adjuvant alone. Failure of inhibition of migration was also observed when the 'immune' RNA was degraded with RNAse. The appearance of this I-RNA in the immunized guinea-pigs correlates with the appearance of delayed hypersensitivity in vivo.
Identifying Untrustworthy Predictions in Neural Networks by Geometric Gradient Analysis (2021)

The susceptibility of deep neural networks to untrustworthy predictions, including out-of-distribution (OOD) data and adversarial examples, still prevent their widespread use in safety-critical applications. Most existing methods either require a re-training of a given model to achieve robust identification of adversarial attacks or are limited to out-of-distribution sample detection only. In this work, we propose a geometric gradient analysis (GGA) to improve the identification of untrustworthy predictions without retraining of a given model. GGA analyzes the geometry of the loss landscape of neural networks based on the saliency maps of their respective input. To motivate the proposed approach, we provide theoretical connections between gradients' geometrical properties and local minima of the loss function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms prior approaches in detecting OOD data and adversarial attacks, including state-of-the-art and adaptive attacks.
Fabrication of Electrostrictive Ceramic Rings for Navy Sonar Transducers. (1994)

Abstract : The higher order electromechanical coupling electrostriction has been proposed as an alternative to the piezoelectric phenomena commonly employed for Navy-type sonar transducers. Based on the results of the parent program, Relaxor Ferroelectrics for Electrostrictive Transducers (N00014-90-J-4077), and the continuation program, Micro-Mechanics of Electrostrictors for Sonar Transducers, three compositions of electrostrictive ceramics were fabricated into large rings and delivered. Specific compositions (3) were selected based on the given criteria: Large E-fleld induced strain >0.03% Operating temperature range O-30C Minimal strain-E-fleld hysteresis (< 10%) The large rings (4 each) were fabricated with the following dimensions: O.D. = 2.000 i 0.01 in. (50.8 mm), wall thickness = 0.250 i 0.010 in. (6.35 mm), and thickness = 0.430 i 0.002 (10.9 mm). The four rings were electroded (fired on silver) and to be stacked into an assembly for standard testing and evaluation.
Investigating ion release using inline ICP during in situ scratch testing of an Mg-Li(-Al-Y-Zr) alloy (2018)

An electrochemical flow cell was constructed to permit the application of a mechanical scratch to the exposed material while monitoring the open circuit dissolution rates of the elemental alloy components. Elemental dissolution rates were determined where measured downstream using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The technique is demonstrated with Mg-Li(-Al-Y-Zr) alloy exposed to 0.01 M NaCl. A mechanical scratch was applied manually using a non-conductive and non-contaminating sapphire lancet without interrupting the on-line measurement. The ion dissolution rate from the newly exposed surface was significantly higher than the dissolution rate from the remaining surface area, corresponding to a high local current density. Notably, the increase in the dissolution rate from the scratched area occurred gradually after the scratch; then subsided within 200 s after the scratch, indicating that this particular Mg-alloy can repassivate by the formation of a surface film after a scratch was applied. This is the first reported use of an in situ scratch cell coupled with operando ICP-AES.
Near-infrared laser-induced fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis (2000)

As capillary electrophoresis continues to focus on miniaturization, either through reducing column dimensions or situating entire electrophoresis systems on planar chips, advances in detection become necessary to meet the challenges posed by these electrophoresis platforms. The challenges result from the fact that miniaturization requires smaller load volumes, demanding highly sensitive detection. In addition, many times multiple targets must be analyzed simultaneously (multiplexed applications), further complicating detection. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence offers an attractive alternative to visible fluorescence for critical applications in capillary electrophoresis due to the impressive limits of detection that can be generated, in part resulting from the low background levels that are observed in the NIR. Advances in instrumentation and fluorogenic labels appropriate for NIR monitoring have led to a growing number of examples of the use of NIR fluorescence in capillary electrophoresis. In this review, we will cover instrumental components used to construct ultrasensitive NIR fluorescence detectors, including light sources and photon transducers. In addition, we will discuss various types of labeling dyes appropriate for NIR fluorescence and finally, we will present several applications that have used NIR fluorescence in capillary electrophoresis, especially for DNA sequencing and fragment analysis.
Excluded Volume Effect in Queueing Theory (2010)

We have introduced excluded volume effect, which is an important factor to model a realistic pedestrian queue, into queueing theory. The probability distributions of pedestrian number and pedestrian waiting time in a queue have been calculated exactly. Due to time needed to close up the queue, the mean number of pedestrians increases as pedestrian arrival probability ($λ$) and leaving probability ($μ$) increase even if the ratio between them (i.e., $ρ=λ/μ$) remains constant. Furthermore, at a given $ρ$, the mean waiting time does not increase monotonically with the service time (which is inverse to $μ$), a minimum could be reached instead.
On the Mechanisms of Biliary Flux (2021)

Since the late 1950s, transport of bile in the liver has been described by the "osmotic concept," according to which bile flows into the canaliculi toward the ducts, countercurrent to the blood flow in the sinusoids. However, because of the small size of canaliculi, it was so far impossible to observe, let alone to quantify this process. Still, "osmotic canalicular flow" was a sufficient and plausible explanation for the clearance characteristics of a wide variety of choleretic compounds excreted in bile. Imaging techniques have now been established that allow direct flux analysis in bile canaliculi of the intact liver in living organisms. In contrast to the prevailing osmotic concept these analyses strongly suggest that the transport of small molecules in canalicular bile is diffusion dominated, while canalicular flow is negligibly small. In contrast, with the same experimental approach, it could be shown that in the interlobular ducts, diffusion is augmented by flow. Thus, bile canaliculi can be compared to a standing water zone that is connected to a river. The seemingly subtle difference between diffusion and flow is of relevance for therapy of a wide range of liver diseases including cholestasis and NAFLD. Here, we incorporated the latest findings on canalicular solute transport, and align them with extant knowledge to present an integrated and explanatory framework of bile flux that will undoubtedly be refined further in the future.
Picosecond Raman-induced phase conjugation in liquids and solids (1987)

We have used the new Raman-induced phase conjugate (RIPC) technique to obtain strong Raman signals using picosecond laser pulses. We have obtained the picosecond RIPC spectra of carbon disulfide, benzene, nitrobenzene, and calcite. By delaying one of the interacting pump beams relative to the other pump and probe beams we were able to determine the intensities of the phase conjugate beams at the Stokes frequencies as a function of time with 20-ps resolution. These measurements show the potential of this technique to determine phonon relaxation times in condensed matter using shorter laser pulses.
Insights into WebAssembly: Compilation performance and shared code caching in node.js (2020)

Alongside JavaScript, V8 and Node.js have become essential components of contemporary web and cloud applications. With the addition of WebAssembly to the web, developers finally have a fast platform for performance-critical code. However, this addition also introduces new challenges to client and server applications. New application architectures, such as serverless computing, require instantaneous performance without long startup times. In this paper, we investigate the performance of WebAssembly compilation in V8 and Node.js, and present the design and implementation of a multi-process shared code cache for Node.js applications. We demonstrate how such a cache can significantly increase application performance, and reduce application startup time, CPU usage, and memory footprint.
The Relationship of Prostate Specific Antigen Levels and Residual Tumor Volume in Stage a Prostate Cancer (1990)

Preoperative serum prostate specific antigen correlates well with morphometrically determined prostate tumor volume in prostatectomy specimens. However, since prostate specific antigen is produced by hyperplastic as well as malignant prostatic epithelium, the contribution of hyperplastic epithelium (benign prostatic hyperplasia) to serum prostate specific antigen interferes with the ability of serum prostate specific antigen to predict tumor volume in individual patients. We wondered if the removal of benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue would increase the correlation between prostate specific antigen and tumor volume, and, thus, make prostate specific antigen a more accurate predictor of residual cancer volume after transurethral resection of the prostate. A total of 67 patients with clinical stage A cancer underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (22, or 33%, with stage A1 and 45, or 67%, with stage A2 disease), and had pre-radical prostatectomy measurement of serum prostate specific antigen and morphometric determination of residual cancer volume in the radical prostatectomy specimen. The correlation between serum prostate specific antigen and residual cancer volume for all 67 patients was 0.66, and for stages A1 and A2 disease it was 0.64 and 0.70, respectively. All stage A1 cancer patients with a serum prostate specific antigen value of 1 ng./ml. or less had residual tumor volumes of less than 0.5 cc and all stage A cancer patients with a serum prostate specific antigen value of more than 10 ng./ml. had residual tumor volumes of greater than 0.5 cc. Of the patients 51% had levels of 1 to 10 ng./ml. and serum prostate specific antigen was not useful to predict residual tumor volume in this group. Serum prostate specific antigen measurements may be helpful in stage A1 cancer patients with levels of 1 ng./ml. or less, or greater than 10 ng./ml. in choosing the most appropriate therapy.
Cone-beam computed tomography in the assessment of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth (2018)

CBCT showed that high-quality root canal treatments followed by an adequate coronal sealing restoration avoid the presence of periapical periodontitis in time.
Thermal imprinting stepper consisting of rapid mold temperature control system (2004)

We introduce a new step and repeat type nanoimprinting lithography (NIL) system consisting of rapid thermal control system to minimize heat cycle of nanoimprinting system. The design and experimental results are described in this paper.
Novel Electrical Insulation Coatings for HTS Cables (2023)

To develop epoxy based electrical insulation for HTS power cable and other device applications, the suitability of two cryogenic rated commercial epoxies, (MASTERBOND EP29-LPSP and EP37-3FLFAO) were evaluated. Characterization of their electrical breakdown characteristics, mechanical strength, and the interfacial shear strength of the interface with HTS tapes were conducted at room temperature and 77 K. The epoxy materials are ductile at cryogenic temperatures to support their use as electrical insulation of HTS power devices.
Use of Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) as a new method to detect prostate cancer (2020)

Abstract Background To determine the accuracy of a novel BIA test endorectal probe. Methods One hundred-forty consecutive patient candidates to prostate biopsy and 40 healthy volunteers were selected ( NCT03428087 ). Total PSA and PSA density (PSAD) determinations, digital rectal examination (DRE), and the BIA test were analysed in patients and controls. A 16 cores trans rectal prostate biopsy was performed on all patients with clinical suspicion of PCa after a multiparametric MRI (mMRI) test. The study endpoints were to determine accuracy of BIA test in comparison to PSA, PSAD levels, and mMRI and obtain PCa prediction in candidates to prostate biopsy by BIA test. The Mann-Withney U test, the Wilkoxon rank test, and Holm-Bonferroni’s method were adopted for statistical analyses, and a computational approach was also applied to differentiate patients with PCa from those with benign disease (BPH). Results Combined DRE, TRUS, PSA, and PSAD alone failed to satisfactorily discern patients with PCa from those with BPH (62.86% of discrimination accuracy) and mMRI PIRADS ≥3 showed a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 59%. The accuracy in discerning PCa and BPH increased up to 75% by BIA test (sensitivity 63.33% and specificity 83.75%). Conclusions The BIA test is a simple, promising, cheap, and reliable test for PCa non-invasive diagnosis. The novel finger probe may improve PCa detection also in patients with low-risk PCa, thus reducing the need of useless biopsies.
Nine-Year Effects of 3.7 Years of Intensive Glycemic Control on Cardiovascular Outcomes (2020)

In the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, ∼4 years of intensive versus standard glycemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors had a neutral effect on the composite cardiovascular outcome, increased cardiovascular and total mortality, and reduced nonfatal myocardial infarction. Effects of the intervention during prolonged follow-up were analyzed.