gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Methodology to Predict Surface Wear of Planetary Gears Under Dynamic Conditions<sup>#</sup> (2010)

Abstract In this study, a torsional dynamic model and a surface wear model are combined to study the interaction between the surface wear and the dynamic response of planetary gear sets. The proposed dynamic planetary gear wear model includes the influence of worn surface profiles on the dynamic tooth forces and the motion transmission error as well as the influence of dynamic tooth forces on wear profiles. The dynamic model includes the gear backlash and the periodic time variation of gear mesh stiffnesses. The model is used to investigate the interactions between the surface wear and the dynamic behavior within both linear and nonlinear response regimes. Several sets of simulation results are used to demonstrate the two-way relationship between nonlinear planetary gear dynamics and tooth surface wear. Keywords: Gear dynamicsGear wearPlanetary gear sets Notes #Communicated by S. Velinsky.
Continuous Nematic-Isotropic Transition in Submicron-Size Liquid-Crystal Droplets (1988)

Deuterium NMR of nematic droplets in a polymer matrix reveals the effect of confinement on molecular orientational ordering near the nematic-isotropic ($N\ensuremath{-}I$) phase transition. For large droplets of 0.35 \ensuremath{\mu}m in diameter, the $N\ensuremath{-}I$ transition is first order. For droplets of less than 0.035 \ensuremath{\mu}m in diameter, the isotropic phase shows a paranematic order and the $N\ensuremath{-}I$ transition is replaced by a continual evolvement from paranematic to nematic order. This result provides the first demonstration of Sheng's prediction that the $N\ensuremath{-}I$ coexistence curve terminates at a critical enclosure size.
Spin Diffusion: A New Perspective in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: 5.1 Context, 5.2 Conceptual Framework, 5.3 Image Extraction, 5.4 Future Systems
Wavelength aware receiver for enhanced 2D OCDMA system performance (2004)

A novel receiver for two-dimensional (2D) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) which utilises the wavelength information of the codes to provide enhanced performance than the regular receiver is presented. The performance improvement increases with the number of wavelengths. Maximal spectral efficiency is doubled, for carrier-hopping prime codes.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Nanomolecules by an AC Electrothermal Flow Facilitated Impedance Immunosensor (2020)

Conventional immunosensors typically rely on passive diffusion dominated transport of analytes for binding reaction and hence, it is limited by low sensitivity and long detection times. We report a simple and efficient impedance sensing method that can be utilized to overcome both sensitivity and diffusion limitations of immunosensors. This method incorporates the structural advantage of nanorod-covered interdigitated electrodes and the microstirring effect of AC electrothermal flow (ACET) with impedance spectroscopy. ACET flow induced by a biased AC electric field can rapidly convect the analyte onto nanorod structured electrodes within a few seconds and enriches the number of binding molecules because of the excessive effective surface area. We performed numerical simulations to investigate the effect of ACET flow on the biosensor performance. The results indicated that AC bias to the side electrodes could induce fast convective flow, which facilitates the transport of the target molecules to the binding region located in the middle as a floating electrode. The temperature rise due to the Joule heating effect was measured using a thermoreflectance imaging method to find the optimum device operation conditions. The change of impedance caused by the receptors-target molecules binding at the sample/electrode interface was experimentally measured and quantified in real-time using the impedance spectroscopy technique. We observed that the impedance sensing method exhibited extremely fast response compared with those under no bias conditions. The measured impedance change can reach saturation in a minute. Compared to the conventional incubation method, the ACET flow enhanced method is faster in its reaction time, and the detection limit can be reduced to 1 ng/mL. In this work, we demonstrate that this sensor technology is promising and reliable for rapid, sensitive, and real-time monitoring of biomolecules in biologically relevant media such as blood, urine, and saliva.
Efficient Synthesis of 1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazoles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The study of diffusion effects in RIM tomographic imaging (1993)

To date, the standard method of producing images from medium-frequency RIM measurements is to use a straight-ray tomographic reconstruction algorithm. In constrast, conventional inversion methods for low-frequency EM measurements are commonly described in terms of secondary fields, produced by eddy currents in a conductive body, and are often carried out by a combination of forward modelling and regularized inversion. These two approaches differ considerably, which brings rise to many questions on the validity of applying straight-ray tomography to RIM data. In the past, this has been justified by the success of the empirical results but work is ongoing to provide a firm theoretical basis for the RIM method and to produce more accurate transmission tomography algorithms which go beyond the straight-ray approximation. Using numerical modelling results, this paper examines the validity of applying a straight-ray tomographic reconstruction algorithm to medium-frequency EM data. Rock conductivities are varied in the examples. The paper also looks at one of the approaches being studied which will hopefully lead to a more accurate transmission tomography algorithm.
Electrically pumped metallo-dielectric pedestal nanolasers (2013)

Electrically pumped metallo-dielectric nanolasers are demonstrated. Employing a two-step InP chemical etching, we obtain straight pedestal sidewalls and preferentially reduce the diameter of the n-doped InP cladding more than the p-doped one for optimized performance.
Nucleophilic Activation of Alkenyl and Aryl Boronates by a Chiral Cu<sup>I</sup>F Complex: Catalytic Enantioselective Alkenylation and Arylation of Aldehydes (2006)

A new method for the catalytic enantioselective alkenylation and arylation of aldehydes involves the activation of alkenyl and aryl boronates by a catalytic amount of the Cu(I)F-DTBM-segphos complex through transmetalation, generating novel alkenyl and aryl copper species. These reagents act as the actual nucleophile. A range of aldehydes can be converted into optically active secondary allyl alcohols or diaryl methanols with excellent enantioselectivity. The appropriate choice of additives, depending on the substrate, is critical to ensure high yields of products. These additives possibly modulate the catalyst turnover step from copper alkoxide intermediates generated by the addition of organocopper reagents to aldehydes.
236 PARTHENOGENETIC ACTIVATION OF IN VITRO-MATURED OVINE OOCYTES WITH STRONTIUM (2007)

The objective of the present experiments was to examine whether strontium could activate in vitro-matured ovine oocytes. Oocytes were collected and matured as previously described (Lee and Campbell 2006 Biol. Reprod. 74, 691–698). Briefly, selected cumulus–oocyte complexes were cultured in modified TCM-199 medium supplemented with 20% sheep serum and hormones for 22–23 h, at 39°C, 5% CO2 in air. Matured oocytes were randomly divided into four groups and treated as follows: (1) cultured in 10 mm strontium + 5 µg mL–1 cytochalasin B in Ca2+-free CZB medium for 4–5 h; (2) electrically activated in Ca2+-containing medium, then cultured in 10 mm strontium + 5 µg mL–1 cytochalasin B in Ca2+-free CZB medium for 4–5 h; (3) electrically activated in Ca2+-containing medium and then cultured in SOF medium containing 5 µg mL–1 cytochalasin B for 4–5 h; and (4) electrically activated in Ca2+-free medium and then transferred into SOF medium + 5 µg mL–1 cytochalasin B for 4–5 h. This experiment was repeated three times. Activation rates based on the number of pronuclear formations/the number of oocytes cultured were 96.7% (147/152), 95.9% (116/121), 75.9% (101/133), and 43.0% (56/107) in Groups 1–4, respectively. After 7 days of culture in SOF medium, 26.8%, 33.3%, 19.6%, and 0% of oocytes in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 developed to the blastocyst stage, respectively. Significant differences in blastocyst rate were observed across these groups except between groups 1 and 2 (P &amp;lt; 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in mean number of nuclei/blastocyst across Groups 1, 2, and 3 (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Our results demonstrated that in vitro-matured ovine oocytes can be effectively activated with strontium alone, resulting in an activation rate of 96.7% and a blastocyst rate of 26.8% (blastocysts/oocytes). Also, a combination of strontium and electrical pulses could benefit sheep oocyte activation and embryo development to the blastocyst stage (95.9% and 33.3%, respectively). We conclude that strontium is an effective activator for sheep oocyte activation and it could be used for sheep nuclear transfer. Table 1. Parthenogenetic development of oocytes activated by SrCl2+ and electrical pulses
Molecular basis of caspase-1 polymerization and its inhibition by a new capping mechanism (2016)

Inflammasomes are cytosolic caspase-1-activation complexes that sense intrinsic and extrinsic danger signals, and trigger inflammatory responses and pyroptotic cell death. Homotypic interactions among Pyrin domains and caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) in inflammasome-complex components mediate oligomerization into filamentous assemblies. Several cytosolic proteins consisting of only interaction domains exert inhibitory effects on inflammasome assembly. In this study, we determined the structure of the human caspase-1 CARD domain (caspase-1[superscript CARD]) filament by cryo-electron microscopy and investigated the biophysical properties of two caspase-1-like CARD-only proteins: human inhibitor of CARD (INCA or CARD17) and ICEBERG (CARD18). Our results reveal that INCA caps caspase-1 filaments, thereby exerting potent inhibition with low-nanomolar K[subscript i] on caspase-1[superscript CARD] polymerization in vitro and inflammasome activation in cells. Whereas caspase-1[superscript CARD] uses six complementary surfaces of three types for filament assembly, INCA is defective in two of the six interfaces and thus terminates the caspase-1 filament.
Anti-E-selectin is ineffective in the treatment of psoriasis: a randomized trial (2002)

This clinicopathological study shows that anti-E-selectin (CDP850), although a well-tolerated, logical and safe therapy, does not appear to possess a therapeutic role in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis.
Evaluating the recognition of bed postures using mutual capacitance sensing (2017)

Capacitive sensing is increasingly used to gather contextual information about humans. They can be used to create stationary or mobile systems for non-contact activity recognition. They are able to sense any conductive objects at distances up to 50 cm. This paper investigates an approach to classif y bed postures using mutual capacitance sensing. The goal is to develop a system that prevents decubitus ulcers, which is a condition caused by prolonged pressure on the skin that can result in injuries to the skin and underlying tissues. The posture recognition is used to detect prolonged lying in a single pose and can notify care personnel. A low-cost grid of crossed wires is proposed that is placed between the mattress and the bed sheet that creates 48 measurement points. The experiments analyze a set of five bedding positions with 14 users. Using self-defined features, we achieved an accuracy of 80.8% for all users and an accuracy of 93.8% for individuals of similar body size. Refining the classification approach by directly classifying the raw data an overall accuracy of 90.5% was reached. By introducing an uncertainty threshold the classification is correct in 97.6% of cases.
Versatility of Synthetic tRNAs in Genetic Code Expansion (2018)

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a dynamic molecule used by all forms of life as a key component of the translation apparatus. Each tRNA is highly processed, structured, and modified, to accurately deliver amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. The tRNA molecule is a critical component in synthetic biology methods for the synthesis of proteins designed to contain non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs). The multiple interactions and maturation requirements of a tRNA pose engineering challenges, but also offer tunable features. Major advances in the field of genetic code expansion have repeatedly demonstrated the central importance of suppressor tRNAs for efficient incorporation of ncAAs. Here we review the current status of two fundamentally different translation systems (TSs), selenocysteine (Sec)- and pyrrolysine (Pyl)-TSs. Idiosyncratic requirements of each of these TSs mandate how their tRNAs are adapted and dictate the techniques used to select or identify the best synthetic variants.
Anomalous dynamics of active mode-locking in ring lasers with semiconductor optic amplifiers (2017)

The pulses development dynamics, including their bifurcation into two-pulse complexes, was investigated in ring semiconductor lasers with amplitude modulation, operating on harmonics. New unusual properties of active mode-locking were revealed. They indicate significantly different dynamics of lasers operating on the first harmonic and those operating on any higher harmonic. The domain of control parameters for single pulses of higher harmonics is split into two domains: the dynamic boundary layer of finite width adjacent to the bifurcation line and the domain of dynamic chaos. Such layers engender stable dynamic sync-bands. We found conditions to implement energy-efficient sync-bands with optimum pulse parameters.
Whole genome sequence analysis of pulmonary function and COPD in 19,996 multi-ethnic participants (2020)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diagnosed by reduced lung function, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We performed whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis of lung function and COPD in a multi-ethnic sample of 11,497 participants from population- and family-based studies, and 8499 individuals from COPD-enriched studies in the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program. We identify at genome-wide significance 10 known GWAS loci and 22 distinct, previously unreported loci, including two common variant signals from stratified analysis of African Americans. Four novel common variants within the regions of PIAS1, RGN (two variants) and FTO show evidence of replication in the UK Biobank (European ancestry n ~ 320,000), while colocalization analyses leveraging multi-omic data from GTEx and TOPMed identify potential molecular mechanisms underlying four of the 22 novel loci. Our study demonstrates the value of performing WGS analyses and multi-omic follow-up in cohorts of diverse ancestry.
Inferring Dynamics of Discrete-time, Fractional-Order Control-affine Nonlinear Systems (2023)

In this paper, a system identification algorithm is proposed for control-affine, discrete-time fractional-order nonlinear systems. The proposed algorithm is a data-integrated framework that provides a mechanism for data generation and then uses this data to obtain the drift-vector, control-vector fields, and the fractional order of the system. The proposed algorithm includes two steps. In the first step, experiments are designed to generate the required data for dynamic inference. The second step utilizes the generated data in the first step to obtain the system dynamics. The memory-dependent property of fractional-order Grünwald-Letnikov difference operator is used to compute the fractional order of the system. Then, drift-vector and control-vector fields are reconstructed using orthonormal basis functions, and calculation of the coefficients is formulated as an optimization problem. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Additionally, one of the methods for identifying integer-order systems is applied to the generated data by a fractional-order system, and the results are included to show the benefit of using a fractional-order model in long-range dependent processes.
Nucleophilic Addition to Electron-Rich Heteroaromatics:  Dearomatizing Anionic Cyclizations of Pyrrolecarboxamides (2004)

[reaction: see text] Despite its electron-rich nature, a pyrrole ring is susceptible to intramolecular nucleophilic attack by organolithiums. The resulting dearomatizing anionic cyclization yields new 5- or 7-membered heterocyclic rings. Formation of a new 5-membered ring, by cyclization of an N-benzylpyrrolecarboxamide, is accompanied by ring opening of the original pyrrole to yield 3-aminovinylpyrrolinones. Formation of a new 7-membered ring, by cyclization of an N-allyl pyrrolecarboxamide, yields bicyclic pyrroloazepinones.
A method for high-resolution x-ray imaging of intermodal cargo containers for fissionable materials (2008)

The sensitivity for identification of high-Z objects in elemental form in the massive cargos of intermodal containers with continuous bremsstrahlung radiation depends critically on discriminating the weak signal from uncollided photons from the very intense flux of scattered radiations that penetrate the cargo. We propose that this might be accomplished by rejection of detected events with E⩽2–3MeV that contain the majority of multiply scattered photons along with a correction for single-scattered photons at higher energies. Monte Carlo simulations of radiographs with a 9MeV bremsstrahlung spectrum demonstrate that rejection of detected events with E⩽3MeV removes the majority of signals from scattered photons emerging through cargos with Z⩽30 and areal densities of at least 145gcm−2. With analytical estimates of the single-scattered intensity at higher energies, accurate estimates of linear attenuation coefficients for shielded and unshielded uranium spheres with masses as small as 0.08kg are found. The estimated maximum dose is generally so low that reasonable order tomography of interesting portions of a container should be possible.
Environmentally induced quantum dynamical phase transition in the spin swapping operation (2006)

Quantum information processing relies on coherent quantum dynamics for a precise control of its basic operations. A swapping gate in a two-spin system exchanges the degenerate states |(up arrow, down arrow)> and |(down arrow, up arrow)>. In NMR, this is achieved turning on and off the spin-spin interaction b=DeltaE that splits the energy levels and induces an oscillation with a natural frequency DeltaE/Planck's. Interaction of strength Planck's/tau(SE), with an environment of neighboring spins, degrades this oscillation within a decoherence time scale tau(phi). While the experimental frequency omega and decoherence time tau(phi) were expected to be roughly proportional to b/Planck's and tau(SE), respectively, we present here experiments that show drastic deviations in both omega and tau(phi). By solving the many spin dynamics, we prove that the swapping regime is restricted to DeltaEtau(SE) similar or greater than Planck's. Beyond a critical interaction with the environment the swapping freezes and the decoherence rate drops as 1/tau(phi) proportional to (b/Planck's)2tau(SE). The transition between quantum dynamical phases occurs when omega proportional to sqrt (b/Planck's)2-(k/tau(SE)2 becomes imaginary, resembling an overdamped classical oscillator. Here, 0< or =k2< or =1 depends only on the anisotropy of the system-environment interaction, being 0 for isotropic and 1 for XY interactions. This critical onset of a phase dominated by the quantum Zeno effect opens up new opportunities for controlling quantum dynamics.
Impact of physiological noise in characterizing the functional MRI default-mode network in Alzheimer’s disease (2020)

The functional connectivity of the default-mode network (DMN) monitored by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been found weaker than that in healthy participants. Since breathing and heart beating can cause fluctuations in the fMRI signal, these physiological activities may affect the fMRI data differently between AD patients and healthy participants. We collected resting-state fMRI data from AD patients and age-matched healthy participants. With concurrent cardiac and respiratory recordings, we estimated both physiological responses phase-locked and non-phase-locked to heart beating and breathing. We found that the cardiac and respiratory physiological responses in AD patients were 3.00 ± 0.51 s and 3.96 ± 0.52 s later (both <i>p </i><<i> </i>0.0001) than those in healthy participants, respectively. After correcting the physiological noise in the resting-state fMRI data by population-specific physiological response functions, the DMN estimated by seed-correlation was more localized to the seed region. The DMN difference between AD patients and healthy controls became insignificant after suppressing physiological noise. Our results indicate the importance of controlling physiological noise in the resting-state fMRI analysis to obtain clinically related characterizations in AD.
Endogenous incorporation of nitric oxide from L-arginine into <i>N</i>-nitrosomorpholine sitmulated by <i>Escherichia coli</i> lipopolysaccharide in the rat (1991)

The endogenous formation of nitrate in the rat, mouse and human occurs through cellular processes involving the oxidation of the guanido group of arginine. These processes proceed from arginine to nitric oxide with subsequent conversion to electrophilic nitrosating agents capable of forming carcinogenic nitrosamines. We have now demonstrated that endogenous nitrosamine formation can occur via cells stimulated in vivo by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The nitrosation of morpholine given to rats by i.p. injection yields N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) which is subsequently oxidized in the liver. A major metabolite of NMOR, N-nitroso-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine, was previously shown by other investigators to be excreted into urine. Treatment of rats with LPS, arginine and morpholine creates a large increase in NMOR urinary metabolites over a 24-h period. This process is not influenced by simultaneous dosage with large amounts of NaNO3. Therefore the endogenous LPS-induced formation of NMOR proceeds directly from nitric oxide prior to incorporation into the nitrate body pool. The proportion of endogenously synthesized nitric oxide incorporated into NMOR is ∽3 × 10-6.
Human Intestinal Transporter Database: QSAR Modeling and Virtual Profiling of Drug Uptake, Efflux and Interactions (2020)

Membrane transporters mediate many biological effects of chemicals and play a major role in pharmacokinetics and drug resistance. The selection of viable drug candidates among biologically active compounds requires the assessment of their transporter interaction profiles.