gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Active Power Filter Used in the Electrified Railway Supply System (2006)

The APF paralleled with the primary side of traction substation offsets harmonics current,reactive current and asymmetric current going along with the using of single-phase AC traction loads in electrified railway system in order to avoid these currents into the three-phase power system.In the APF,the trigger currents are detected by means of the method based on the Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory,and on the basis of the trigger currents,the currents for compensation are obtained from the inverter under the control of SVPWM.As APF parallels with the system,all these disadvantageous currents don't flow into the three-phase power system but only through the traction system and the APF.As a consequence,it can be ensured that the pure sine input current appears in the three-phase power system.
Atomic diffusion bonding of Si wafers using thin Nb films (2019)

Abstract This study of atomic diffusion bonding of Si wafers in vacuum using thin Nb films reveals remarkably high bonding strength, greater than fracture strength of a Si wafer, obtained using Nb films at thicknesses of 1.7–20 nm on each side. Transmission electron microscopic cross-section images show no vacancy at the bonded interface. Particularly, crystal lattice rearrangement occurs to a remarkable degree at the bonded interface of 10 nm thick Nb films. Surface roughness reduction is likely to enhance the crystal lattice rearrangement at the bonded interface, even with thick Nb films.
Focal-Plane Change Triggered Video Compression for Low-Power Vision Sensor Systems (2009)

Video sensors with embedded compression offer significant energy savings in transmission but incur energy losses in the complexity of the encoder. Energy efficient video compression architectures for CMOS image sensors with focal-plane change detection are presented and analyzed. The compression architectures use pixel-level computational circuits to minimize energy usage by selectively processing only pixels which generate significant temporal intensity changes. Using the temporal intensity change detection to gate the operation of a differential DCT based encoder achieves nearly identical image quality to traditional systems (4dB decrease in PSNR) while reducing the amount of data that is processed by 67% and reducing overall power consumption reduction of 51%. These typical energy savings, resulting from the sparsity of motion activity in the visual scene, demonstrate the utility of focal-plane change triggered compression to surveillance vision systems.
Panel discussion/ Q&A Bioremediation, phytosensing, and ecorestoration (2005)

Phytoremediation of organic contaminants, energetic materials and metals is mostly in the demonstration stage; there are no full-scale applications to date. Problems and needs are the slowness of the process?5 to 10 years?and what to do with the resultant biomass. Phytosensors can be used as indicators of phytoremediation progress, and coupled with GPS to guide management of crops, to monitor agro-security, and to detect explosives (e.g. buried landmines The Interstate Technology Regulations Council, is a group of about forty state regulatory bodies that banded together to share regulation information and eliminate repetition and duplication.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384‐1. Part 1. Synthesis of the A<sub>1</sub>B(A)C Fragment. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of a sensor device with polymer-coated piezoelectric micro-cantilevers for detection of volatile organic compounds (2019)

Abstract Exhaled breath contains thousands of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), some of which have been associated with respiratory disease. We describe a sensor device with an array of eight polymer-coated piezoelectric micro-cantilevers (two of each polyacrylic acid, polyethylenimine and polyethylene glycol and two uncoated cantilevers) and an electronic resonant frequency readout, designed for analysis of VOCs. We have measured the system’s response to temperature (24 °C to 40 °C), pressure (200 mmHg to 760 mmHg), and humidity (10% to 50% RH), evaluated the reproducibility of measurements between micro-cantilevers ( n = 3), and tested the stability of the system over six months. By measuring the frequency shift of the resonating micro-cantilevers, and using the inflection point of a fitted sigmoid model, we show that acetone, ethanol, octane are distinguishable from one another, with a measurement limited of detection of 1568, 383, and 87 ppmv, respectively. From interpolation of the electronic readout, we found the lowest estimated measurement to be 5 ppmv (acetone on polyacrylic acid). We have also shown that polar mixture (acetone, ethanol, and water) and non-polar mixture (increasing octane concentration and decreasing polar mixture constituents) can be differentiated.
Coactivator Proteins as Determinants of Estrogen Receptor Structure and Function: Spectroscopic Evidence for a Novel Coactivator-Stabilized Receptor Conformation (2005)

The direct regulation of gene transcription by nuclear receptors, such as the estrogen receptor (ER), involves not just ligand and DNA binding but the recruitment of coregulators. Typically, recruitment of p160 coactivator proteins to agonist-liganded ER is considered to be unidirectional, with ligand binding stabilizing an ER ligand binding domain (LBD) conformation that favors coactivator interaction. Using fluorophore-labeled ERalpha-LBDs, we present evidence for a pronounced stabilization of ER conformation that results from coactivator binding, manifest by decreased ER sensitivity to proteases and reduced conformational dynamics, as well as for the formation of a novel coactivator-stabilized (costabilized) receptor conformation, that can be conveniently monitored by the generation of an excimer emission from pyrene-labeled ERalpha-LBDs. This costabilized conformation may embody features required to support ER transcriptional activity. Different classes of coactivator proteins combine with estrogen agonists of different structure to elicit varying degrees of this receptor stabilization, and antagonists and coactivator binding inhibitors disfavor the costabilized conformation. Remarkably, high concentrations of coactivators engender this conformation even in apo- and antagonist-bound ERs (more so with selective ER modulators than with pure antagonists), providing an in vitro model for the development of resistance to hormone therapy in breast cancer.
Metabolic plasticity of IDH1-mutant glioma cell lines is responsible for low sensitivity to glutaminase inhibition (2020)

Major metabolic adaptations involved pathways that can generate glutamate by using alternative substrates from glutamine, such as alanine or aspartate. Indeed, asparagine synthetase was upregulated both in vivo and in vitro revealing a new potential therapeutic target for a combinatory approach with CB839 against IDH1 <sup><i>mut</i></sup> gliomas.
A QCM‐D and SAXS Study of the Interaction of Functionalised Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Lipid Nanoparticles with siRNA (2017)

Abstract Biophysical studies were undertaken to investigate the binding and release of short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) from lyotropic liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). These carriers are based on phytantriol (Phy) and the cationic lipid DOTAP (1,2‐dioleoyloxy‐3‐(trimethylammonium)propane). The nonlamellar phase LNPs were tethered to the surface of the QCM chip for analysis based on biotin–neutravidin binding, which enabled the controlled deposition of siRNA–LNP complexes with different lipid/siRNA charge ratios on a QCM‐D crystal sensor. The binding and release of biomolecules such as siRNA from LNPs was demonstrated to be reliably characterised by this technique. Essential physicochemical parameters of the cationic LNP/siRNA lipoplexes—such as particle size, lyotropic phase behaviour, cytotoxicity, gene silencing and uptake efficiency—were also assessed. The SAXS data show that when the pH was lowered to 5.5 the structure of the lipoplexes did not change, thus indicating that the acidic conditions of the endosome were not a significant factor in the release of siRNA from the cationic lipidic carriers.
Another Gene Implicated in Arrhythmogenic RV Dysplasia (2006)

Arrhythmogenic right-ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), an inherited cardiomyopathy, is characterized clinically by ventricular arrhythmias and RV
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Hydroxytetrangulol, a New CPP32 Protease Inducer Produced by Streptomyces sp. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Association of Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes With Recurrence-Free Survival in the N9831 Adjuvant Trial in Patients With Early-Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (2016)

Importance The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes at diagnosis is reported to be prognostic in triple-negative breast cancer. Objective To evaluate the association of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (STILs) with recurrence-free survival (RFS) in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer treated with chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus trastuzumab in the N9831 trial. Design, Setting, and Participants Hematoxylin-eosin–stained tumor slides from patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer in 2 of the 3 arms of the N9831 trial were assessed for STILs at an academic medical center. The amounts of STILs were quantitated in deciles, and a level of at least 60% STILs was used for the prespecified categorical cutoff. The association between STILs and RFS was evaluated with Cox models. Exposure Standard chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide followed by weekly paclitaxel (arm A) or doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide followed by weekly paclitaxel plus trastuzumab followed by trastuzumab alone (arm C). Main Outcomes and Measures Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their association with RFS. Results A total of 489 patients from arm A and 456 patients from arm C were assessed with a median (range) follow-up of 4.4 (0-13.6) years. The 10-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for RFS in arm A were 90.9% and 64.5% for patients with high and low levels of STILs, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.23 [95% CI, 0.07-0.73]; P  = .01). The 10-year estimates for RFS in arm C were 80.0% and 80.1% for patients with high and low levels of STILs, respectively (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.50-3.17]; P  = .63). The test for interaction between trastuzumab treatment and STIL status was statistically significant ( P  = .03). In a multivariable analysis, STIL status remained significantly associated with RFS in arm A and not significantly associated in arm C (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.15]; interaction P  = .04). Conclusions and Relevance This analysis of participants in the N9831 trial found that the presence of STILs was prognostically associated with RFS in patients treated with chemotherapy alone but not in patients treated with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. High levels of STILs were associated with lack of trastuzumab therapy benefit, in contrast to a previously reported association between increased levels of STILs and increased trastuzumab benefit in HER2-positive patients. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NC5970
A framework for dynamic SLA-based QoS control for UMTS (2003)

With the evolution of QoS-capable 3G wireless networks, the wireless community has been increasingly looking for a framework that can provide effective network-independent end-to-end QoS control. In this article we first construct such a framework and then describe how dynamic SLA-based control can be used to achieve end-to-end QoS in a wired and wireless (UMTS) environment. The proposed framework, which is an extension to the IST CADENUS project, offers effective wired-wireless QoS translation, efficient QoS control and management, and dynamic SLA policy-based QoS provisioning.
Providing Ride-Through Capability to a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under Unbalanced Voltage Dips (2009)

This paper analyzes the effect of unbalanced voltage over doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) and presents a novel control strategy, named dynamic programming power control plus (DPPC+), based on dynamic programming control. The high penetration of wind energy in the electrical grids demands for new requirements for the operation of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). DFIG is the most employed WECS, and the DPPC+ guarantees their operation under unbalance conditions achieving the required objectives. Although the technique can be implemented to control both rotor and grid converters, we hereby expound the former, which regulates stator active and reactive power. The validation of the results obtained with DPPC+ has been performed through the use of experimental tests on a 20-kW test bench, consisting of a DFIG and induction motor drive. The obtained results show that the DPPC+ is suitable for achieving a good dynamic response while controlling current distortion and power and/or torque oscillations for both steady-state conditions and unbalanced voltage dips, showing the low-voltage ride-through capability.
RF measurements results of the final brazed SPARC RF deflector (2007)

The longitudinal phase space and the horizontal beam slice emittance measurements of the SPARC 150 MeV - 1 nC electron beam, foresee the use of a RF deflector. The device is a five cells standing wave structure operating on the TM110-like dipole mode at 1.856 Ghz and allows reaching a longitudinal resolution of ~12 um with 2 MW of peak input power. In the paper we illustrate the RF measurements results on the final brazed copper device.
Analysis of a MIMO Outdoor Channel With Hybrid EM-Based Modeling (2007)

We consider the effects of the local scatterers, the number of antennas, the mobile position, and the signal-to-noise ratio on the performance of a multi-antenna system via electromagnetic-based modeling. The urban microcell scenario is adopted and simulated using a hybrid electromagnetic model to obtain the channel matrix. Comparisons with the measurement-based spatial channel model (SCM) at frequency 2 GHz are made. We show that the channel condition improves as the multipath richness enhances. This also improves the capacity, which becomes more pronounced as the number of antennas increases. Our discussions show that the SCM does not reflect the actual system performance in some scenarios.
An 18-bit high performance audio σ-Δ D/A converter (2010)

A multi-bit quantized high performance sigma-delta (U-A) audio DAC is presented. Compared to its single- bit counterpart, the multi-bit quantization offers many advantages, such as simpler U-A modulator circuit, lower clock frequency and smaller spurious tones. With the data weighted average (DWA) mismatch shaping algorithm, element mismatch errors induced by multi-bit quantization can be pushed out of the signal band, hence the noise floor inside the signal band is greatly lowered. To cope with the crosstalk between digital and analog circuits, every analog component is surrounded by a guard ring, which is an innovative attempt. The 18-bit DAC with the above techniques, which is implemented in a 0.18 m mixed-signal CMOS process, occupies a core area of 1.86 mm 2 . The measured dynamic range (DR) and peak SNDR are 96 dB and 88 dB, respectively.
Separation‐Friendly Mitsunobu Reactions: A Microcosm of Recent Developments in Separation Strategies (2004)

The Mitsunobu reaction is famous for its scope and power, but infamous for its separation headaches. Typically, the target product is enticed away from the reagent-derived byproducts by careful chromatography. The use of polymer-bound Mitsunobu reagents solves only half of the problem, because polymer-bound diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and phosphine reagents cannot be employed simultaneously. This article classifies, compares, and contrasts various emerging strategies for product isolation in Mitsunobu reactions. Because so many different strategies have been used, the Mitsunobu reaction is a microcosm for the new field of strategy level separations.
Size Effect on Compressive Strength of Sandwich Panels with Fracture of Woven Laminate Facesheet (2005)

Prismatic sandwich specimens of various sizes, geometrically scaled in the ratio 1:2:4:8, are subjected to eccentric axial compression and tested to failure. The sandwich core consists of a closed-cell polyvinyl chloride foam, and the facesheets are woven glass-epoxy laminates, scaled by increasing the number of plies. The test results reveal a size effect on the mean nominal strength, which is strong enough to require consideration in design. The size effect observed is fitted with the size effect law of the energetic (deterministic) size effect theory. However, because of inevitable scatter and limited testing range, the precise form of the energetic size effect law to describe the test results is not unambiguous. The Weibull-type statistical size effect on the mean strength is ruled out because the specimens had small notches which caused the failure to occur in only one place in the specimen, and also because the observed failure mode was kink band propagation, previously shown to cause energetic size effect. Various fallacies in previous applications of Weibull theory to composites are also pointed out.
A recursive estimation of ARMA parameters based on a robust time varying model for speech analysis (1988)

This paper presents a recursive estimation of ARMA parameters based on a robust time-varying model for speech analysis. This algorithm is basically similar to the recursive least-squares estimation (RLS), but it is different in that the time variation of the ARMA parameters is dependent on past ones. This is based on the assumption that the speech production process does not vary instantly. This method has two linear estimators: an input estimator and a parameter estimator for known input. The variation of the parameters is estimated by using the likelihood function. The proposed method is equivalent, under certain conditions, to the RLS with the forgetting factor. However, using the proposed method, this factor can be estimated as the value that represents the variation of the parameters. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a synthetic speech and real speech. The results show that the estimated spectra sufficiently represent the dynamic movement of formants without jitters or extreme estimation errors.
Effect of expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal degradation and weathering of intumescent <scp>fire‐retardant</scp> coating (2020)

Abstract This research aims to study the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the intumescent coating formulations (ICF). The coating presented in this research article is based on carbon source expandable graphite (EG), blowing agent melamine, acid source ammonium polyphosphate (APP), epoxy resin as a binder with polyamide amine. The stability of the developed coating was verified at 950°C for 1‐hour fire test. The results showed that the coating is stable and well bond with the steel substrate. The char was characterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA, XPS, Py‐GCMS and Weathering Test. The morphology of the char was studied by SEM of the coating after furnace fire test. XRD and FTIR show the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide and sassolite in the residual char. TGA and DTG disclosed that EG improved the residual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the char residue of IF5‐APP‐EG contains carbon and oxygen contents 47.50 and 40.70, respectively. Py‐GCMS analysis described that the IF5‐APP‐EG released less gaseous compounds. The weathering test illustrated that's the char expansion of coatings samples was decreased due to the presence of a humid environment and UV light. The IF5‐APP‐EG showed the maximum char expansion, lower substrate temperature and high residual weight among the studied formulations.
Registration of ‘Tamcot 73’ Upland Cotton Cultivar (2011)

Tamcot 73’ upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar (Reg. No. CV‐128, PI 662044) was developed by the Cotton Improvement Laboratory, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research. Tamcot 73 was derived from a complex of crosses that date across several decades of the upland cotton improvement program at Texas AgriLife Research. The breeding lines 93WB‐57s and 95WE‐48, which are closely related to TAM 0155 and TAM 2055, respectively, were crossed in 1999. The F 1 and F 2 generations were advanced at College Station, TX in 2000 and 2001, with an F 3 plant selected in 2002. The F 3:4 progeny row was bulked with subsequent generations treated as a pure line for seed increase and performance testing. Tamcot 73 is a conventional cultivar that is competitive in yield potential with the current upland cultivars available for production in central and south Texas. Tamcot 73 exhibited a high–volume‐instrument upper half mean length equal to or greater than the comparison cultivars in four of five comparisons when grown under irrigated and nonirrigated culture in central and south Texas during 2005 through 2009. Uniformity of fiber length and fiber bundle strength of Tamcot 73 exceeded that of most of the commercial comparison cultivars in all environments, and micronaire was within accepted limits in all comparisons. The lint percentage of Tamcot 73 is acceptable yet below that of most current upland cultivars. Tamcot 73 provides producers with a competitive, high‐quality, conventional cultivar.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Double Ring Closing Metathesis Reactions in the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Compounds. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Das reduzierte Nitridosilicat BaSi<sub>6</sub>N<sub>8</sub> (2007)

Abstract The Reduced Nitridosilicate BaSi 6 N 8 The reduced nitridosilicate BaSi 6 N 8 has been synthesized starting from barium nitride and silicon diimide in a radio‐frequency furnace at temperatures of about 1650 °C. The structure has been determined from X‐ray powder diffraction data and was refined by the Rietveld method ( Imm 2 (no. 44), a = 793.16(1), b = 934.37(2), c = 483.57(1) pm, V = 358.38(1) ·10 6 pm 3 , Z = 2, wR p = 0.0353, R p = 0.0238, R F 2 = 0.0660, 452 observed reflections, 42 parameters). BaSi 6 N 8 crystallizes isotypically with SrSi 6 N 8 . The three‐dimensional Si‐N‐network consists of corner‐sharing SiN 4 tetrahedra and single bonds Si‐Si forming N 3 Si‐SiN 3 building units. 29 Si solid‐state NMR spectra of BaSi 6 N 8 resemble those of SrSi 6 N 8 exhibiting two resonances at δ = −54.3 and −28.0 ppm. Their observed intensity ratio of approximately 2 : 1 can be attributed to the S iN 4 tetrahedra and the S i 2 N 6 units, respectively. This observation is in accordance with the results from the X‐ray structure determination (Si at Wyckoff positions 8 e ( S iN 4 ) and 4 d ( Si 2 N 6 )).