gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cell-Activating Magnetic Nanoparticles Enable Early Prediction of Antitumor Response with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2019)

Cancer vaccines initiate antitumor responses in a subset of patients, but the lack of clinically meaningful biomarkers to predict treatment response limits their development. Here, we design multifunctional RNA-loaded magnetic liposomes to initiate potent antitumor immunity and function as an early biomarker of treatment response. These particles activate dendritic cells (DCs) more effectively than electroporation, leading to superior inhibition of tumor growth in treatment models. Inclusion of iron oxide enhances DC transfection and enables tracking of DC migration with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We show that <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>*-weighted MRI intensity in lymph nodes is a strong correlation of DC trafficking and is an early predictor of antitumor response. In preclinical tumor models, MRI-predicted "responders" identified 2 days after vaccination had significantly smaller tumors 2-5 weeks after treatment and lived 73% longer than MRI-predicted "nonresponders". These studies therefore provide a simple, scalable nanoparticle formulation to generate robust antitumor immune responses and predict individual treatment outcome with MRI.
Post-Market Surveillance Assessment of the Clinical Accuracy of a Blood Glucose Monitoring System with an Improved Algorithm for Enhanced Product Performance (2021)

This post-market surveillance program demonstrates the new BGM system consistently meets measures of clinical accuracy specified by regulators. This program supports a growing demand by regulators for real-world evidence demonstrating consistent in-market product efficacy as opposed to the current largely passive approach that relies on assessment of reports filed by device users.
Design and Synthesis of Spiro‐cyclopentenyl and Spiro‐[1,3]‐dithiolanyl Substituted Pyrrolidine‐5,5‐trans‐lactams as Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Far-infrared absorption of split ring resonators: Negative permeability at infrared region (2003)

Micron-meter-scale metallic slit-ring-resonator pattern is fabricated over a silicon substrate and has absorption at ~10.8 um by CO2 laser experiments. The result suggested a negative permeability appears in the sample.
Hot Electron Generation in Aqueous Solution at Oxide-Covered Tantalum Electrodes. Reduction of Methylpyridinium and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> (1999)

We describe the injection of hot electrons into an aqueous solution by use of a Ta/Ta2O5 electrode. Evidence for this process was obtained by studying the chemically irreversible reduction of N-methylpyridinium ion (NMP+, E° = −1.37 V vs SHE). The reduction of NMP+ gives rise to a radical which undergoes rapid dimerization to produce a water-insoluble species, 1,1-tetrahydrobipyridine (TBP), that deposits on the electrode surface. The deposit was analyzed by AFM, XPS, IR-reflectance, and TOF/SIMS to provide evidence of TBP formation. We also investigated the electrochemical reduction of Ru(bpy)32+ to confirm the generation of hot electrons on a Ta/Ta2O5 electrode in water. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical results present a well-defined reduction wave at high overpotential on Ta/Ta2O5 which is not observed on Pt or Au electrodes. Reduction of Ru(bpy)33+ at a Ta/Ta2O5 electrode produces emission (electrogenerated chemiluminescence) and provides additional evidence of hot electron injection.
A COVQ-based image coder for channels with bit errors and erasures (2008)

We illustrate how channel optimized vector quantization (COVQ) can be used for channels with both bit-errors and bit-erasures. First, a memoryless channel model is presented, and the performance of COVQ's trained for this channel is evaluated for an i.i.d. Gaussian source. Then, the new method is applied in implementing an error-robust sub-band image coder, and we present image results that illustrate the resulting performance. Our experiments show that the new approach is able to outperform a traditional scheme based on separate source and channel coding.
Structures and Heats of Formation of Simple Alkaline Earth Metal Compounds: Fluorides, Chlorides, Oxides, and Hydroxides for Be, Mg, and Ca (2010)

Geometry parameters, frequencies, heats of formation, and bond dissociation energies are predicted for the simple alkaline earth (Be, Mg and Ca) fluorides, chlorides, oxides, and hydroxides at the coupled cluster theory [CCSD(T)] level including core-valence correlation with the aug-cc-pwCVnZ basis sets up to n = 5 in some cases. Additional corrections (scalar relativistic effects, vibrational zero-point energies, and atomic spin-orbit effects) were necessary to accurately calculate the total atomization energies and heats of formation. The calculated geometry parameters, frequencies, heats of formation, and bond dissociation energies are compared with the available experimental data. For a number of these alkaline earth compounds, the experimental geometries and energies are not reliable. MgF(2) and BeF(2) are predicted to be linear and CaF(2) is predicted to be bent. BeOH is predicted to be bent, whereas MgOH and CaOH are linear. The OBeO angle in Be(OH)(2) is not linear, and the molecule has C(2) symmetry. The heat of formation at 298 K for MgO is calculated to be 32.3 kcal/mol, and the bond dissociation energy at 0 K is predicted to be 61.5 kcal/mol.
Ultra-Low Power SiGe 2-bit DAC Driver for InP-IQ Mach-Zehnder Modulator (2017)

A small footprint InP-IQ Mach-Zehnder Modulator TOSA packaged with an ultra-low power SiGe 2-bit DAC driver with a power efficiency of 2.27 pJ/bit is demonstrated. EVMrms of 4.76 % was obtained for 16-QAM at 32 GBd. Each DAC driver consumes 146 mW.
The molecular origin of high DNA-repair efficiency by photolyase (2015)

The primary dynamics in photomachinery such as charge separation in photosynthesis and bond isomerization in sensory photoreceptor are typically ultrafast to accelerate functional dynamics and avoid energy dissipation. The same is also true for the DNA repair enzyme, photolyase. However, it is not known how the photoinduced step is optimized in photolyase to attain maximum efficiency. Here, we analyse the primary reaction steps of repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA by photolyase using femtosecond spectroscopy. With systematic mutations of the amino acids involved in binding of the flavin cofactor and the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer substrate, we report our direct deconvolution of the catalytic dynamics with three electron-transfer and two bond-breaking elementary steps and thus the fine tuning of the biological repair function for optimal efficiency. We found that the maximum repair efficiency is not enhanced by the ultrafast photoinduced process but achieved by the synergistic optimization of all steps in the complex repair reaction.
QKPT: Securing Your Private Keys in Cloud With Performance, Scalability and Transparency (2021)

Private key (e.g., RSA key) protection is a significant issue for cloud but existing keyless or keyguard solutions suffer from performance, elasticity or applicability limitations. Recently, represented by Intel KPT, a novel keyguard architecture emerges to combine trusted platform module and crypto accelerator for achieving both security and performance. However, the straight use of KPT for private key protection may not be a good fit in cloud as it incurs challenges on protection capacity, key provisioning latency and transparency. Based on KPT-like hardware, we propose QKPT, a comprehensive key management system to bring your own private keys (BYOPK) into multi-tenant clouds. QKPT introduces a carefully-designed key wrapping layer to overcome these challenges. A small symmetric wrapping key (SWK) is generated for each tenant as the master key to resolve the former two challenges, while a special private key wrapping scheme is adopted to resolve the transparency limitation. Additionally, QKPT incorporates certificate trust to enhance the security of the SWK lifecycle and provides a hardened key server solution without expensive HSM. The evaluation shows that QKPT has a low runtime overhead ( <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\leq$</tex-math></inline-formula> 1.2% for SSL/TLS handshakes) and still greatly outperforms the software baseline (3.5x-17x) owing to the crypto offloading.
Distributed fault detection using sensor networks and Pareto estimation (2013)

In this paper, a preliminary novel distributed fault detection architecture for dynamic systems using sensor networks and a distributed estimation method based on Pareto optimization is proposed. The goal is to monitor large-scale or distributed systems by using a sensor network where each node acts as a local estimation agent without centralized coordination. Probabilistic detection thresholds related to a given rate of false alarms are derived in several different scenarios as far as the measurement pattern and the nominal dynamics is concerned. Preliminary simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed fault detection methodology.
Characterization of laser diodes under short-pulsed conditions with high pulse energies (2013)

New applications require diode lasers to be driven with short pulses in the sub-micro second range. The goal is to minimize both the cost and size of the diode laser module by minimizing the number of laser bars required while maintaining the lifetime that is desired for the application. Products demanded by the market using such short pulses range from QCW stacks to fiber coupled modules. While many short pulsed applications use high fill factor bars, these bars are not suited for high brightness applications or coupling into small fiber cores. The focus of this work is the analysis of CW diode designs commonly used for high brightness fiber coupled modules under short pulsed conditions. Three key parameters need to be known in order to design a diode laser module that is suited for high peak powers. First is the damage threshold of the facet. The damage threshold determines the maximum power level at which the laser can be operated safely, considering a proper safety margin dependent on application. The damage threshold is a function of the input pulse width and amplitude. The second parameter which is influenced by the drive current is the slow axis divergence of the diode laser. Knowledge of this parameter is critical when designing the system optics. The third parameter is the effective emitter size which may increase with operating current. An increase in emitter size will lead to larger divergences after collimating optics for a given focal length lens and may result in a larger spot when coupling into an optical fiber. All these parameters have to be considered when designing a new product. Presented here is a study on these three critical parameters as a function of operating conditions. Results for different diode designs will be presented. The data presented includes damage thresholds, as well as near field and far field data at various operating currents. A design study for fiber coupled modules with high pulse energies based on the test results will be shown for various wavelengths.
Special issue on fundamental principles and techniques in microfluidics (2009)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease with Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Annular Disjunction: Clinical and Functional Significance of the Coincidence (2021)

The morphological changes that occur in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) involve various components, ultimately leading to the impairment of mitral valve (MV) function. In this context, intrinsic mitral annular abnormalities are increasingly recognized, such as a mitral annular disjunction (MAD), a specific anatomical abnormality whereby there is a distinct separation between the mitral annulus and the left atrial wall and the basal portion of the posterolateral left ventricular myocardium. In recent years, several studies have suggested that MAD contributes to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral leaflets, and there is growing evidence that MAD is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In this review, the morphological characteristics of MAD and imaging tools for diagnosis will be described, and the clinical and functional aspects of the coincidence of MAD and myxomatous MVP will be discussed.
Simulation of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in Granular Porous Media: Application to the Drying of Wheat (2011)

A mathematical model was developed to simulate the deep-bed convective drying of Algerian wheat and barley using the characteristics of the selected local varieties. The nonequilibrium model, composed of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs), was solved using temporal and spatial discretization with some simplifying assumptions. The simulated results were compared with experimental data obtained during drying of wheat in deep beds (1-, 5-, and 10-cm depths) in a laboratory dryer under the experimental conditions of 60°C temperature, 10% RH, 0.7 m/s air velocity, and initial grain moisture content of 25.0% (db). The simulation results obtained by the mathematical model were in good agreement with those obtained by experiments carried out on the Algerian wheat.
142 Atrial sources of reactive oxygen species vary with the substrate and duration of atrial fibrillation: implications for the antiarrhythmic effect of statins (2011)

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with altered nitric oxide (NO)-redox balance. The molecular mechanisms and implications of this phenomenon in the management of patients with AF are poorly understood. Statins improve NO-redox imbalance and decrease the occurrence of postoperative AF but are less effective in the secondary prevention of AF, suggesting that the sources of reactive oxygen species might vary with the substrate and duration of AF. Methods and Results We investigated atrial tissue from 130 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (26 with permanent AF, 32 who developed AF post-operatively and 72 who were in normal sinus rhythm before and after surgery), and from goats in sinus rhythm (SR, n=19) with or without atrial structural remodelling secondary to surgical AV block (AVB, n=10) or after 2 weeks (2W, n=15) or 6 months (6M, n=10) of pacing-induced AF. Atrial NADPH oxidase activity (chemiluminescence and 2-OH ethidium, Abstract 142 figures 1 and 2), NOX2 &amp; p22phox protein level were increased after 2W-AF and in patients who developed AF post-operatively (n=32). In contrast, the increased superoxide production in atrial tissue from goats with AVB or 6M-AF was exclusively driven by mitochondrial oxidases and uncoupled NOS (secondary to a reduction in atrial BH4 level and an increase in arginase activity). These findings were recapitulated in the right atrial appendage of patients. Increase in basal superoxide production in postoperative AF was associated with an apocynin-reversible increase in NADPH oxidase activity and protein level of the NOX2 and p22phox subunits. NOS activity remained coupled despite the increase in superoxide production. In line with this, atrial BH4 content was unaltered. In contrast, in patients with permanent AF, increased superoxide production was not reversed by apocynin, and was maintained by mitochondrial oxidases and uncoupled NOS (secondary to BH4 deplition). Ex-vivo inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase with atorvastatin (20 μMol/l) inhibited NADPH oxidase activity (via reducing activity of Rac1 and membrane translocation of cytosolic subunit p47phox and p67phox of NADPH oxidase) and caused a mevalonate-reversible reduction in superoxide release in atrial samples of patients with post-operative AF but had no effect in patients with permanent AF. Similarly, atorvastatin did not induce a mevalonate-reversible changes in the atrial BH4 concentration and NOS uncoupling in neither group. Conclusions Together, these findings indicate that upregulation of NOX2-NADPH oxidases is an early but transient event in the natural history of AF, as mitochondrial oxidases and uncoupled NOS account for the statin-resistant increase in atrial superoxide production in permanent AF. Variation in atrial sources of reactive oxygen species with the duration and substrate of AF may explain the reported variability in the effectiveness of statins in the prevention and management of AF.
Radiolabeled CCK/gastrin peptides for imaging and therapy of CCK2 receptor-expressing tumors (2010)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors are overexpressed in numerous human cancers, like medullary thyroid carcinomas, small cell lung cancers and stromal ovarian cancers. The specific receptor-binding property of the endogenous ligands for these receptors can be exploited by labeling peptides with a radionuclide and using these as carriers to guide the radioactivity to the tissues that express the receptors. In this way, tumors can be visualized using positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography imaging. A variety of radiolabeled CCK/gastrin-related peptides has been synthesized and characterized for imaging. All peptides have the C-terminal CCK receptor-binding tetrapeptide sequence Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH(2) in common or derivatives thereof. This review focuses on the development and application of radiolabeled CCK/gastrin peptides for radionuclide imaging and radionuclide therapy of tumors expressing CCK receptors. We discuss both preclinical studies as well as clinical studies with CCK and gastrin peptides.
Filter Networks for Long Cable Drives and Their Influence on Motor Voltage Distribution and Common-Mode Currents (2005)

Filter networks for long cable drives have been studied in the last decade to solve the overvoltage problem at the motor terminals. However, little research has been dedicated to analyze their influence on the voltage distribution in the motor stator winding and on the circulation of the common-mode currents. In this paper, the project of dv/dt filters through simulation and analysis from previous work is extended, including the motor voltage distribution and common-mode current analysis. Simulation and experimental results are presented, demonstrating the usefulness of the filter networks on the motor overvoltage mitigation. Three filter topologies will be discussed and compared here: RLC filter at the motor terminals, RLC filter at the inverter output and reactor filter, which is extensively used in the industry. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the RLC filter at the inverter output is the most interesting solution among the main types of passive filter networks.
Prebiotic competition and evolution in self-replicating polynucleotides can explain the properties of DNA/RNA in modern living systems (2020)

Our findings demonstrate the molecular properties of DNA/RNA could have emerged from Darwinian competition among macromolecular replicators that selected nucleotide monomers that maximized the speed of autocatalysis.
To Bloom or Not to Bloom? (2013)

This chapter asks why the chocolate chips in cookies do not “bloom” after the cookies have been baked and cooled. Chocolate bloom refers to the grayish-white streaks appear in chocolate after it has melted and then resolidified. It may look like mold, but it is simply cocoa butter that has not crystallized properly. Bloomed chocolate is not harmful, but it looks unappetizing and has lost some of its flavor. The fact that bloom does not happen with chocolate chips prompted the authors to hypothesize that fat migration from the cookie dough into the chocolate chip was responsible, at least in part, for preventing bloom. They confirmed this hypothesis by baking cookies with different amounts and types of fat, including butter, palm oil, olive oil, and vegetable shortening. They discovered that all four fats inhibited bloom in chocolate chips provided the fat content was high enough in the cookie dough. Below this fat content, chocolate chips in the cookies bloomed.
Design and synthesis of glycoprotein processing inhibitors as anti-HIV agents: Regiospecific 4,6-functionalization of pyranosides (1994)

Efforts directed towards the design and synthesis of analogs of DNJ 1.17, a known glycoprotein processing inhibitor, as potential anti-HIV candidates are described in this thesis. Two of the first generation DNJ analogs synthesized during the framework of this thesis research, 2.13 and 2.16, showed better activity against HIV-1 than N-BuDNJ 1.30, one of the lead compounds in the DNJ series which was withdrawn only after Phase II clinical trials in humans. Design of second generation DNJ analogs required the regiospecific differentiation of 4 and 6 position on the azasugar ring. Model study utilizing glucose derived pyranosides resulted in regiospecific differentiation of the 4 and 6 positions. Phthalide orthoester strategy was employed to bring forth this differentiation. The resultant C-4 benzoate was cleaved chemospecifically in the presence of NHAc, OAc, and SAc. Introduction of an appropriate sulfur residue at C-6 for further transformation to sulfonic acid was accomplished. The phthalide orthoester strategy was effectively employed in the case of DNJ derived substrate 2.16. The 4,6 differentiation was achieved with complete regiospecificity resulting in total reversal of chemoselectivity. An advanced intermediate 4.11 was synthesized in efficient manner from DNJ 1.17 for subsequent transformation to second generation substrates containing a C-6 sulfonic acid residue.