gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics algorithm for condensed systems with multiple time scales (1990)

A frequently encountered problem in molecular dynamics simulations is the long runs required to study condensed systems consisting of both high frequency and low frequency degrees of freedom. Standard integrators require the choice of time step sufficiently small to guarantee stable solution of the highest frequency motion with the consequence that simulations require a very large number of central processing unit (CPU) cycles. In this note we present a new integrator that allows one to use a time step appropriate for the low frequency degrees of freedom without making any approximations related to the separation of time scales. This method is based on a choice of an analytically solvable reference system for the high frequency motion. We show how the analytical solution can be incorporated into a numerical integrator. The method is applied to two cases which are paradigms for this problem and it is shown that this approach and suitable generalizations should be very useful for future simulations of quantum and classical condensed matter systems.
Comparing the Efficacy of Electrocardiographic Leads in Recovery Phase in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease in Women (2022)

Different methods have been suggested to improve the limited diagnosing accuracy of exercise electrocardiography in detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women.To the best of our knowledge, the methods developed lack comprehensive comparison of a lead-by-lead basis.This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of ST segment depression and T wave alternans (TWA) at peak, 1 and 3 min of the recovery phase in leads I, aVL, V1 and V5.The study included 245 women participating in the Finnish Cardiovascular Study.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the overall diagnostic performance.The areas under the ROC curve for ST segment depression at peak, 1 and 3 min of the recovery phase in leads I and V5 were more than 80%, while leads V1 and aVL achieved the smallest area.For TWA, the largest areas were obtained at 3 min of the recovery phase.At 80% of specificity, different cut-points were achieved for ST segment depression but the same cut-points for TWA at 1 and 3 min of the recovery phase.This study suggests that the limited diagnostic accuracy of ST segment depression to detect CAD can be improved by determining the appropriate lead and lead specific cut-point selection.TWA rather depends on determining the best time point of recovery phase for diagnosis of CAD in women.
Using Bilingual Parallel Corpora for Cross-Lingual Textual Entailment (2011)

This paper explores the use of bilingual parallel corpora as a source of lexical knowledge for cross-lingual textual entailment. We claim that, in spite of the inherent difficulties of the task, phrase tables extracted from parallel data allow to capture both lexical relations between single words, and contextual information useful for inference. We experiment with a phrasal matching method in order to: i) build a system portable across languages, and ii) evaluate the contribution of lexical knowledge in isolation, without interaction with other inference mechanisms. Results achieved on an English-Spanish corpus obtained from the RTE3 dataset support our claim, with an overall accuracy above average scores reported by RTE participants on monolingual data. Finally, we show that using parallel corpora to extract paraphrase tables reveals their potential also in the monolingual setting, improving the results achieved with other sources of lexical knowledge. 1
Bit Allocation Scheme for Low-Delay H.264/AVC Rate Control (2006)

This paper presents an efficient rate control scheme for H.264/AVC video coding in low-delay environments. In our scheme, we propose a close-form solution to optimal bit allocation problem subject to constraints and we derive theoretically a mean absolute difference based (MAD-based) complexity measure. The complexity measure of the current macroblock is also used to predict SKIP mode such that the initial quantization parameter (QP) is determined directly. Initial QPs of other kind of macroblocks (MBs) are computed based on a conventional quadratic model. To prevent the buffer from undesirable overflow or underflow under small buffer size constraint, the obtained initial QP is further adjusted based on actual encoding results at that point. Simulation results show that the H.264 encoder, using our proposed scheme, achieves a visual quality improvement of about 0.65 dB on the average and performs better for buffer overflow and underflow.
Famous head injuries of the first aerial war: deaths of the “Knights of the Air” (2015)

World War I advanced the development of aviation from the concept of flight to the use of aircraft on the battlefield. Fighter planes advanced technologically as the war progressed. Fighter pilot aces Francesco Baracca and Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron) were two of the most famous pilots of this time period. These courageous fighter aces skillfully maneuvered their SPAD and Albatros planes, respectively, while battling enemies and scoring aerial victories that contributed to the course of the war. The media thrilled the public with their depictions of the heroic feats of fighter pilots such as Baracca and the Red Baron. Despite their aerial prowess, both pilots would eventually be shot down in combat. Although the accounts of their deaths are debated, it is undeniable that both were victims of traumatic head injury.
Hydrogen evolution in aqueous solutions containing dissolved H2S : Evidence of direct electroactive contribution of H2S (2012)

International audience
From Circuits to Cancer (2012)

The human race has invested about a trillion dollars in the development of semiconductor electronics, and our lives have been improved greatly as a result. Smart devices are now taken for granted and permeate every aspect of our existence. The development of such complex devices is extremely difficult and error-prone, thus the IC design community has made large invest- ments in synthesis, simulation, verification, and overall automation to allow such designs to be built. It turns out, happily, that much of this Silicon R&D is applicable to other areas... This talk will be about one such area, namely that of Proton radiation cancer therapy, where a team at IBM, working with researchers at the M. D. An- derson Cancer Research center, have been busy applying knowledge from VLSI to this important area, and pro- ducing results that are poised to revolutionize the quality and efficiency of such therapy. Bio: Dr. Sani Nassif received his Bachelor degree with Honors from the American Uni- versity of Beirut in 1980, and his Masters and PhD degrees from Carnegie-Mellon Uni- versity in 1981 and 1985 respectively. He then worked for ten years at Bell Laboratories in the general area of technology CAD. In January 1996, he joined the then newly formed IBM Austin Research Laboratory (ARL), which was founded with a specific focus on research for the support of IBM's Power computer systems. Sani has authored nu- merous conference and journal publications, and delivered many tutorials at top con- ferences. Dr. Nassif is the president elect of the IEEE Council on EDA (CEDA), and was the General chair of the ICCAD conference in 2008. Sani represents IBM on the SRC Sci- ence Area Coordinating Committee for CAD and Test, and is the chair for the committee in 2012.
Preliminary model results for pulsar velocities (1996)

We investigate the form of the neutron star velocity kick distribution function f(v) by modeling the Galactic population of neutron stars. Using mock pular data sets drawn from models with known parameters, we discuss the recovery of f(v). We illustrate the relationship between f(v) and several kinematic properties of the detected objects: the distribution of kicks imparted at birth, the distribution of total space velocity today, and the distribution of the perpendicular component of the velocity today. The pulsar luminosity parameters strongly influence the determination of f(v).
Multiple-access channel with delayed state information via directed information (2011)

A single-letter characterization is provided for the capacity region of finite-state multiple access channels using directed information. The channel state is a Markov process, the transmitters have access to delayed state information, and channel state information is available at the receiver. The delays of the channel state information are assumed to be asymmetric at the transmitters. We obtain the capacity region by innovative way, using a multi-letter expression for the capacity region of finite-state MAC with time-invariant feedback.
Long-travel electrothermally driven resonant cantilever microactuators (2002)

Silicon microactuators capable of very long travel are described. The design is based on a laterally resonant cantilever, driven by an electrothermal shape bimorph located at the root. Performance characteristics are given for deep structures fabricated in bonded silicon-on-insulator material. Peak-to-peak displacements of more than 500 μm are obtained with cantilevers of 14 mm length, 30 μm width and 100 μm depth using a 20 V drive, when the resonant frequency of the cantilever is matched to the frequency response of the electrothermal transducer. Experimental data are compared with a simple model, and variables affecting the quality factor are discussed. The actuators are shown to be suitable for use in optical scanning systems based on moving waveguides.
Aesthetic surfaces created with the Electron Beam texturing technology (2008)

The final surface topography of galvanized steel sheet is obtained through skin passing using textured rolls. Electron Beam Texturing (EBT) is one of the well known techniques available today to texture the working rolls. This technology distinguishes itself from others in that it allows a fully deterministic lateral pattern of craters yielding a superior forming and painting performance. Recently, an innovative and fascinating potential with EBT has been developed. In particular, it has become possible to imprint any image (e.g. in bitmap format) on the working rolls in which the difference in roughness produces the visualisation of the picture. Thus, the system can be compared to a giant laser printer where the ink dots are replaced by EBT craters of different dimensions. Obviously, this creates a vast amount of applications ranging from quality labelling (logo’s, watermarking) to purely aesthetic and decorative surfaces. In this paper, this new functionality of EBT is discussed in detail and the results of some preliminary trials with hot dip galvanized material are presented.
Activity of the CD20-directed monoclonal antibody GA101 relative to rituximab in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM), and applicability to patients expressing FcγRIIIA-158 F/F. (2010)

8112 Background: Rituximab alone and in combination is an important mainstay of therapy in WM. Rituximab interacts with Fcγ receptors whose binding is largely influenced by polymorphisms in FcγRIIIA-158. Polymorphisms in FcγRIIIA-158 predict overall response to rituximab alone, as well as attainment of VGPR or CR with rituximab combination therapy in WM. Patients expressing V/V or V/F at FcγRIIIA-158 show improved outcomes versus F/F. We therefore have sought novel antibodies which can improve outcomes for patients expressing FcγRIIIA-158-F/F. GA101 is a novel humanized anti-CD20 antibody with a glyco-engineered Fc receptor domain that exhibits increased FcγRIIIA binding. Methods: We examined ADCC activity for GA101 versus rituximab using 1) healthy donor derived NK cells which were genotyped for polymorphic expression at FcγRIIIA-158 against BCWM.1 cells; as well as autologous NK cells which were genotyped against WM patient LPCs. Results: These studies showed a 2.88, 1.88, and 1.22 fold increase in ADCC activity by healthy donor NK cells expressing FcγRIIIA-158 F/F, V/F, and V/V, respectively, against BCWM.1 WM cells for GA101 versus rituximab. Moreover, ADCC activity was enhanced by 1.98, 1.37 and 1.38 fold for autologous NK cells expressing FcγRIIIA-158 F/F, V/F, and V/V, respectively against WM LPCs. In addition, we also observed direct cytotoxicity against BCWM.1 and primary WM patient LPCs by GA101; in comparison, little or no direct apoptotic activity was observed by rituximab. Western blot analysis showed no activation of caspases 3, 6, 7, 9 in GA101 treated BCWM.1 cells, though nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Conclusions: GA101 is associated with enhanced ADCC activity relative to rituximab by NK cells, particularly those expressing FcγRIIIA-158 F/F. In addition, GA101 initiates direct cell death in WM LPCs through a caspase independent manner. These studies provide the framework for the investigation of GA101 in WM, and suggest potential benefit for those patients who express FcγRIIIA-158 F/F. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Biogen Idec, Celgene, Genetic Technologies, Millennium Biogen Idec, Celgene, Millennium Celgene, Millennium
Assessment of Constant-Potential Implicit Solvation Calculations of Electrochemical Energy Barriers for H <sub>2</sub> Evolution on Pt (2019)

Theoretical estimation of the activation energy of electrochemical reactions is of critical importance but remains challenging. In this work, we address the usage of an implicit solvation model for describing hydrogen evolution reaction steps on Pt(111) and Pt(110) and compare with the "extrapolation" approach as well as single-crystal measurements. We find that both methods yield qualitatively similar results, which are in fair agreement with the experimental data. Care should be taken, however, in addressing spurious electrostatic interactions between periodically repeated slabs in the VASPsol implementation. Considering the lower computational cost and higher flexibility of the implicit solvation approach, we expect this method to become a valuable tool in electrocatalysis.
7 cases of Surgically Treated So-Called-Unresolved Osgood-Schlatter Disease. (1991)

Osgood-Schlatter disease is not rare, and it usually heals with conservative therapy. But some cases do not respond to conservative treatment. We call them So-Called Unresolved Osgood-Schlatter disease. 6 patients (7 knees) of So-Called Unresolved Osgood-Schlatter disease underwent surgical procedures to relieve their symptoms of three years duration. 6 patients (7 knees) had a distinct and separate fragment at the proximal aspect of the tibial tubercle. Resection of the fragment along with the adjacent bursa relieved its symptoms. Microscopic findings showed that all fragments were necrotic and were separated from the tubercle by a bursa or scar tissue. The symptoms were relieved after the surgery. Removal of the fragments is indicated in case of So-Called Unresolved Osgood-Schlatter disease.
Modelling and analysis of a new axial flux permanent magnet biased eddy current brake (2016)

This paper describes a novel axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) biased eddy current brake (ECB). Structure, principles of operation and benefits of the proposed AFPM-ECB compared to conventional ECBs are presented. A non-linear magnetic equivalent circuit based design model is generated for the proposed AFPM-ECB. Detailed 3D finite element models (FEM) are created to see more accurate breaking torque capability of the system. The work is also compared with a conventional ECB which was built and tested. It was shown that more torque capability and faster response time can be achieved with the proposed AFPM-ECB.
Supplementary Figure S2 from &lt;i&gt;CCNE1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;PLK1&lt;/i&gt; Mediate Resistance to Palbociclib in HR+/HER2− Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Patients’ characteristics and Progression Free Survival comparison. Biomarker Cohort and PEARL Study Population&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental and simulated generation of bandlimited noise for communication system bit error rate evaluation (2005)

This paper describes an inexpensive approach to experimentally measure and simulate low frequency communication system bit error rates (BERs). A readily constructed bandlimited noise source and a programmable logic based BER test unit enable experimental BER measurements. A technique proposed by Beaulieu and Tan (1999) is used to generate noise samples based on the bandlimited noise source power spectrum. These noise samples are then used to obtain simulated BER curves for comparison and validation of experimental BER curves. This paper includes an example of using the proposed approach to measure the BER performance of a coherent communication system. Initial results demonstrate the utility of this approach.
Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Incidence Trends (2011)

Accumulating data suggest that the T1D disease process may be triggered by a diabetogenic enterovirus infection and driven by a dietary antigen. The strongest candidate for the latter is bovine insulin, which differs from human insulin by three amino acids. The increasing disease incidence and decreasing age at diagnosis will culminate in an increased number of patients with a longer disease duration and, eventually, an increased frequency of macro- and microvascular complications if the trend cannot be counteracted by improved metabolic control.
Experimental comparison of phase-shifting fringe projection and statistical pattern projection for active triangulation systems (2013)

Active triangulation systems are widely used for precise and fast measurements. Many different coding strategies have been invented to solve the correspondence problem. The quality of the measurement results depends on the accuracy of the pixel assignments. The most established method uses phase shifted-patterns projected on the scene. This is compared to a method using statistical patterns. In both coding strategies, the number and the spatial frequency of the projected patterns is varied. The measurements and calculations for all presented results were done with exactly the same measurement setup in a narrow time window to avoid any changes and to guarantee identical technical preconditions as well as comparability.
Influence of polymer viscoelasticity on the residence distributions of extruders (2006)

Abstract Fluid flow in extruders has been described kinematically using residence time distributions (RTDs). Residence Distributions (RxD), as expressed by Residence Volume Distributions and Residence Revolution Distributions, have shown to collapse the RTD curves onto single master curves based on specific throughput. When the same extruder is used for processing different polymers, differences in RxDs have been attributed mainly to differences in material viscosity, as measured, for example, by the melt flow index. This study explores the role of polymer viscoelasticity in modeling extruder performance. It is shown that viscosity is not the material property that explains differences in RxDs. In one case, two materials with very similar viscosities have very different RxDs and, in a second case, two materials having very different viscosities have very similar RxDs. A calculation of the Weissenberg number for each system shows that viscoelastic effects can underlie the differences in RxD. Strongly elastic fluids tend to travel in a plug‐flow–like manner down an extruder and so their RxDs are qualitatively different from those of viscous fluids. The results thus show that comprehensive rheological information is necessary for modeling the flow of polymer melts in extruders. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Abstract 21: The Calcium-Binding Protein S100A1 Negatively Regulates Collagen-Dependent Platelet Activation and Thrombosis in Mice (2014)

Introduction: S100A1 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. S100A1 controls Ca2+ dynamics in cardiomyocytes and plays an important role in heart failure. S100A1 is also strongly expressed in mouse platelets, but its role in platelet biology has not been investigated. Goal: To determine the role of S100A1 in platelet activation and thrombosis. Methods and Results: Platelet activation in response to threshold levels of convulxin, a specific agonist for the collagen receptor GPVI, showed significantly increased activation of αIIbβ3 integrin and α-granule release in S100A1-deficient (SKO) platelets compared with wild-type (WT) platelets. Consistently, SKO platelets also showed a more robust aggregation response to convulxin and collagen. In contrast, SKO platelets responded normally to stimulation with PAR4 receptor-activating peptide or ADP. Adhesion of SKO platelets to collagen under flow conditions was not significantly different to that of WT platelets. However, we observed a ~3-fold increase in phosphatidylserine (PS)-positive SKO platelets bound to the collagen surface (p&lt;0.001, n=9 mice/group), suggesting that S100A1 also regulates the procoagulant response in platelets. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed increased coated platelet formation and more sustained calcium transients in SKO platelets compared to controls. The increased reactivity of SKO platelets to GPVI agonists is explained by a ~1.5-fold increase in GPVI receptors expressed on the surface of these cells (p&lt;0.001, n=20 mice/group). A similar increase in GPVI expression was also found in bone marrow-derived megakaryocytes. When subjected to the FeCl3 carotid artery thrombosis model, the time to vessel occlusion was significantly shorter in SKO mice compared to WT controls (4.55 ± 0.27 min vs 7.00 ± 0.62 min, respectively; p&lt;0.01; n=8 mice/group). Furthermore, by using a collagen-rich adventitial surface inserted intralumenally in the carotid artery, we observed that thrombus formation in SKO mice is significantly more stable compared to WT mice (p=0.01, n=7 WT, n=8 SKO) Conclusions: We here identify S100A1 as a negative regulator of GPVI expression and collagen-dependent platelet activation and thrombosis in mice.
Identification and Mechanistic Evaluation of Hemozoin-Inhibiting Triarylimidazoles Active against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2017)

In a previous study, target based screening was carried out for inhibitors of β-hematin (synthetic hemozoin) formation, and a series of triarylimidazoles were identified as active against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. Here, we report the subsequent synthesis and testing of derivatives with varying substituents on the three phenyl rings for this series. The results indicated that a 2-hydroxy-1,3-dimethoxy substitution pattern on ring A is required for submicromolar parasite activity. In addition, cell-fractionation studies revealed uncommonly large, dose-dependent increases of <i>P. falciparum</i> intracellular exchangeable (free) heme, correlating with decreased parasite survival for β-hematin inhibiting derivatives.