gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface plasmon polaritons in topological Weyl semimetals (2016)

We consider theoretically surface plasmon polaritons in Weyl semimetals. These materials contain pairs of band touching points---Weyl nodes---with a chiral topological charge, which induces an optical anisotropy and anomalous transport through the chiral anomaly. We show that these effects, which are not present in ordinary metals, have a direct fundamental manifestation in the surface plasmon dispersion. The retarded Weyl surface plasmon dispersion depends on the separation of the Weyl nodes in energy and momentum space. For Weyl semimetals with broken time-reversal symmetry, the distance between the nodes acts as an effective applied magnetic field in momentum space, and the Weyl surface plasmon polariton dispersion is strikingly similar to magnetoplasmons in ordinary metals. In particular, this implies the existence of nonreciprocal surface modes. In addition, we obtain the nonretarded Weyl magnetoplasmon modes, which acquire an additional longitudinal magnetic field dependence. These predicted surface plasmon results are observable manifestations of the chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals and might have technological applications.
Performance analysis of the differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time domain analysis using the log normalized and linearly normalized gain (2019)

The performance of the differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time domain analysis (DPP-BOTDA) is evaluated experimentally using either the gain from log normalization or linear normalization for the subtraction of traces collected with pump pulses of slightly different pulse widths. Using pump pulses widths of 43 ns and 40 ns, amplified Brillouin time domain probe traces were obtained for 10 km of standard single mode fiber. Two hotspots of length 30 cm and 6 m, separated by more than the spatial resolutions of the individual pulses and kept in a temperature controlled hot bath facility, were interrogated with temperature variations from 5 to 70&deg;C, having probe signal gain of ~ 40% at the Brillouin Frequency Shift (BFS). This research work demonstrates, for the first time, that the use of linear gains for the subtraction step in creating the Brillouin gain spectrum, produces results for small to medium Brillouin frequency shifts (&le;30 MHz), that deviate from the results of the subtraction of the logarithmic gains by as much as 2 MHz (~ 2&deg;C), particularly for hotspots of the order of the spatial resolution of the DPP-BOTDA. For hotspots longer than the spatial resolution of the technique, the difference between results of the two processing methods show BFS deviations only at the end of the hotspots.
Evaluation of crosstalk in optical cross-bar switch driven by high-frequency signal (2014)

We developed evaluation of crosstalk of an optical switch integrated on a lithium niobate substrate, without limitation of gain-bandwidth product. Utilizing optical modulation and frequency-domain analysis, crosstalk is successfully evaluated to be less than −48 dB for 10-GHz rf sinusoidal signal.
The inhibition of CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) by ATN-224, a second generation tetrathiomolybdate, interferes with multiple signaling pathways in tumor and endothelial cells in vitro (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

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Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) is a copper binding drug that has demonstrated anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity in a number of preclinical studies as well as preliminary evidence of anti-tumor activity in cancer patients. However, very little is understood about the mechanism of action of TM at the molecular level. ATN-224 is a second generation analogue of TM that is currently entering several Phase II cancer trials. ATN-224 inhibits CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion (O2-) into H2O2 and O2. In endothelial cells, SOD1 inhibition results in reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 mediated by FGF-2 and VEGF. This leads to suppression of proliferation in vitro and the inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo . In the present study, we demonstrate that ATN-224 inhibition of SOD1 also leads to the inhibition of EGF, IGF-1 and PDGF mediated ERK phosphorylation in a variety of tumor cell lines (A431, HT-29 and U87). This inhibition appears to occur at the level of the growth factor receptor, since (i) ATN-224 mediated SOD1 inhibition in A431 cells decreases EGF mediated phosphorylation of EGFR; and, (ii) ATN-224 treatment of U87 glioma cells stimulated with PDGF decreases levels of the PDGF receptor. In contrast to endothelial cells, where ATN-224 inhibits proliferation but does not cause cell death, the induction of apoptosis is observed in tumor cells treated with ATN-224. Further, EGF, PDGF and IGF-1 have been reported to elicit an increase in H2O2 by activating superoxide producing enzymes when bound to their receptors. Superoxide produced in this way is then converted into H2O2, which inactivates phosphatases by oxidizing an essential cysteine residue in the active site. SOD1 inhibition mediated by ATN-224 in A431 cells impedes the H2O2 mediated inactivation of PTEN and other phosphatases, suggesting that the preservation of phosphatase activity contributes to ATN-224 inhibition of growth factor mediated signaling. These results support the inhibition of SOD1 by ATN-224 as a novel therapeutic strategy for the inhibition of multiple signaling pathways implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis.
Comparative proteomic analysis of low stage and high stage endometrioid ovarian adenocarcinomas (2008)

Ovarian cancer, the second most common gynecological malignancy, accounts for 3% of all cancers among women in the United States, and has a high mortality rate, largely because existing therapies for widespread disease are rarely curative. Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma (OEA) accounts for about 20% of the overall incidence of all ovarian cancer. We have used proteomics profiling to characterize low stage (FIGO stage 1 or 2) versus high stage (FIGO stage 3 or 4) human OEAs. In general, the low stage tumors lacked p53 mutations and had frequent CTNNB1, PTEN, and/or PIK3CA mutations. The high stage tumors had mutant p53, were usually high grade, and lacked mutations predicted to deregulate Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Pten/Akt signaling. We utilized 2-D liquid-based separation/mass mapping techniques to elucidate molecular weight and pI measurements of the differentially expressed intact proteins. We generated 2-D protein mass maps to facilitate the analysis of protein expression between both the low stage and high stage tumors. These mass maps (over a pI range of 5.6-4.6) revealed that the low stage OEAs demonstrated protein over-expression at the lower pI ranges (pI 4.8-4.6) in comparison to the high stage tumors, which demonstrated protein over-expression in the higher pI ranges (pI 5.4-5.2). These data suggest that both low and high stage OEAs have characteristic pI signatures of abundant protein expression probably reflecting, at least in part, the different signaling pathway defects that characterize each group. In this study, the low stage OEAs were distinguishable from high stage tumors based upon the proteomic profiles. Interestingly, when only high-grade (grade 2 or 3) OEAs were included in the analysis, the tumors still tended to cluster according to stage, suggesting that the altered protein expression was not solely dependent upon tumor cell differentiation. Further, these protein profiles clearly distinguish OEA from other types of ovarian cancer at the protein level.
Robot george: interactive continuous learning of visual concepts (2013)

The video presents the robot George learning visual concepts in dialogue with a tutor. Keywords—Robotics; Algorithms; Human Robot Interaction; Learning; Concepts
Corrsin lecture on hairy hydrodynamics (2019)

Simple models for hairy surfaces interacting with flows are derived, and used to extract optimization and design principles in idealized contexts. Reconfiguration, in which flow couples to the hairs geometric configuration, is investigated along with drainage of thin films through beds of hairs.
Analytic findings in the electroluminescence characterization of crystalline silicon solar cells (2007)

The electroluminescence intensity from Si cells under the forward bias was found to have one to one quantitative agreement with the minority carrier diffusion length. Based on the diffusion equation and simple p-n diode model, the electroluminescence intensity was analyzed relative to the cell performance. Electroluminescence intensity is proportional to the product of the injected minority carrier density and the effective diffusion length. The diode ideality factor n can be deduced by measuring the electroluminescence intensity as a function of the forward injection current. Among various crystalline silicon cells including single and polycrystalline types, the measured electroluminescence intensity at a fixed forward current has a tight relationship with the open circuit voltage of each cell, which gives a very convenient way to evaluate cell performance.
Comparison of in‐source collision‐induced dissociation and beam‐type collision‐induced dissociation of emerging synthetic drugs using a high‐resolution quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (2021)

In-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) is commonly used with single-stage high-resolution mass spectrometers to gather both a molecular formula and structural information through the collisional activation of analytes with residual background gas in the source region of the mass spectrometer. However, unlike tandem mass spectrometry, in-source CID does not involve an isolation step prior to collisional activation leading to a product ion spectrum composed of fragment ions from any analyte present during the activation event. This work provides the first comparison of in-source CID and beam-type CID spectra of emerging synthetic drugs on the same instrument to understand the fragmentation differences between the two techniques and to contribute to the scientific foundations of in-source CID. Electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to generate product ion spectra from in-source CID and beam-type CID for a series of well-characterized fentanyl analogs and synthetic cathinones. A comparison between the fragmentation patterns and relative ion abundances for each technique was performed over a range of fragmentor offset voltages for in-source CID and a range of collision energies for beam-type CID. The results indicate that large fragmentor potentials for in-source CID tend to favor higher energy fragmentation pathways that result in both kinetically favored pathways and consecutive neutral losses, both of which produce more abundant lower mass product ions relative to beam-type CID. Although conditions can be found in which in-source CID and beam-type CID provide similar overall spectra, the in-source CID spectra tend to contain elevated noise and additional chemical background peaks relative to beam-type CID.
Deep Foundation Challenges at the New Benicia-Martinez Bridge (2004)

The marine piers of the new Benicia-Martinez Bridge are supported on 8 or 9 Cast-in-Drilled-Hole (CIDH) concrete piles with 2.5 m diameter permanent steel casings and 2.2 m diameter rock sockets to a depth of approximately 75 m. A Menck MHU-500 hammer was used to drive the casings up to 15 m into bedrock. The noise generated in the surrounding water unexpectedly killed fish. To resolve the environmental problem an affordable bubble curtain system was developed to reduce the sound wave energy by as much as 90 percent. Although pile driving monitoring did not detect any overstressing at refusal, some of the steel casings were found to be damaged. The damaged portions of the casings were removed and rock socket lengths were revised accordingly. Major caving occurred at Pier 8 during drilling of the rock sockets. Consolidation grouting was applied in an attempt to improve rock stability and to dimmish caving potential. However, subsequent continuous coring around the caved shaft could not confirm the effectiveness of grouting. The rotator drilling method was selected to construct the rock sockets. A pile load test (Osterberg Method) was performed to confirm the geotechnical pile capacities of the rotator-drilled shafts.
Differential association of elevated inflammatory cytokines with postoperative fibrous proliferation and neovascularization after unsuccessful vitrectomy in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2017)

The elevated levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 may be the cause of the postoperative fibrous proliferation. In contrast, VEGF may be the cause of the neovascularization after unsuccessful vitrectomy in the eyes of PDR patients.
Otazu, Alfonso de; Díaz de Durana, José Ramón. El espíritu emprendedor de los vascos (2009)

[es] Comentario a la obra El espiritu emprendedor de los vascos que aborda el tema del los movimientos migratorios de la poblacion vasca siguiendo la idea del emprendizaje.
A Brief Overview of the NEBULA Future Internet Architecture (2014)

NEBULA is a proposal for a Future Internet Architecture. It is based on the assumptions that: (1) cloud computing will comprise an increasing fraction of the application workload offered to an In-ternet, and (2) that access to cloud computing resources will de-mand new architectural features from a network. Features that we have identified include dependability, security, flexibility and ex-tensibility, the entirety of which constitute resilience. NEBULA provides resilient networking services using ultra-reliable routers, an extensible control plane and use of multiple paths upon which arbitrary policies may be enforced. We report on a prototype system, Zodiac, that incorporates these latter two features.
Monitoring of yogurt formation using a contactless radiofrequency dielectric sensor (2016)

The formation of acid milk gels is the crucial first step in the manufacturing of yogurts. The changes of the physical state of yogurts during gelation affect their dielectric properties. In this study, the authors aim at assessing the relevance of a contactless and easy-to-implement radiofrequency (RF) method dedicated to the monitoring of the dielectric properties of yogurts during gelation. The sensing technique lies in the distant monitoring of a high-quality factor inductive RF resonator, electromagnetically coupled to the yogurt in formation. A lumped element modeling of the contactless RF probe interacting with the yogurt is proposed. It is used to estimate both the conductivity and the permittivity of the yogurt, starting from the impedance changes monitored by the RF probe. The monitoring technique is implemented during yogurt formation induced under various operating conditions and preparation parameters including incubation temperatures and doses of acids (glucono-δ-lactone). The obtained preliminary results open the way to the development of easy-to-implement and non-invasive dielectric monitoring techniques of organic materials, with many prospects in agrifood as well as health monitoring applications.
Band structure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-stacked graphene trilayers (2010)

The $ABC$-stacked $N$-layer-graphene family of two-dimensional electron systems is described at low energies by two remarkably flat bands with Bloch states that have strongly momentum-dependent phase differences between carbon $\ensuremath{\pi}$-orbital amplitudes on different layers and large associated momentum-space Berry phases. These properties are most easily understood using a simplified model with only nearest-neighbor interlayer hopping which leads to gapless semiconductor electronic structure and ${p}^{N}$ dispersion in both conduction and valence bands. We report on a study of the electronic band structures of trilayers which uses ab initio density-functional theory and $\mathbit{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbit{p}$ theory to fit the parameters of a $\ensuremath{\pi}$-band tight-binding model. We find that when remote interlayer hopping is retained, the triple Dirac point of the simplified model is split into three single Dirac points located along the three KM directions. External potential differences between top and bottom layers are strongly screened by charge transfer within the trilayer but still open an energy gap at overall neutrality.
Excitation of murine cardiac myocytes by nanosecond pulsed electric field (2018)

The study established that nsPEF stimulation caused calcium entry into cardiac myocytes (including routes other than voltage-gated calcium channels) and SSD. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive APs were mediated by SSD, whose amplitude depended on the calcium entry. Plasma membrane electroporation was the most likely primary mechanism of SSD with additional contribution from l-type calcium and sodium-calcium exchanger currents.
High-power low-divergence 1060 nm photonic crystal laser diodes based on quantum dots (2012)

GaAs-based photonic band crystal diode lasers with low vertical divergence and high output power have been designed and realised with a quantum dot active area at a wavelength of 1060 nm. Broad area lasers with 100 µm stripe width show low transparency current densities of 129 Acm−2 and high differential efficiency of 70 %. Devices of 1 mm length deliver up to 17.7 W pulsed output power and 2.6 W continuous-wave output power is demonstrated for 2 mm-long devices. The maximum output power is presently limited by catastrophic degradation in the pulsed case and by thermal rollover in the continuous-wave case. The full width half maximum vertical divergence of the fundamental mode of the devices is reduced to 13°, being nearly independent of driving current.
Suppressive Effects of Regional Lymph Node Cells and Extracts on Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (1978)

Lymphocytes from regional lymph nodes that drain tumors and extracts of such lymphocytes suppress antibody-dependent cell-mediated target cell lysis by effector cells from cancer patients and controls. In contrast, lymph node cells from control patients are not suppressive. Control extracts from normal lymphocytes and 2 immunologically inert tissues, muscle and kidney, exhibit some suppressive activity but significantly less than extracts from lymph nodes that drain tumors.
Laser skin welding: In vivo tensile strength and wound healing results (2000)

Our welding technique produced higher weld strengths and less thermal damage than reported in previous skin welding studies and may represent an alternative to sutures.
Determination of<i>HER2</i>Amplification by In Situ Hybridization (2008)

Our purpose was to determine the accuracy of diagnosis of HER2 amplification by analysis of HER2 copy number. HER2 and chromosome 17 were measured by dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization in breast cancer samples. At a HER2 copy number of 2 to less than 3, 16 (3.3%) of 488 cases had HER2 amplification; and at a copy number of 3 to less than 4, 32 (16.4%) of 195 cases were amplified. The proportion of cases with HER2 amplification increased considerably at HER2 copy numbers of 4 to less than 7: 50.0% at 4 to less than 5; 67.5% at 5 to less than 6, and 77.3% at 6 to less than 7. Virtually all cases were amplified at HER2 copy numbers of 7 or more. We recommend that all breast cancer cases with a HER2 copy number of 2 to 7 determined by single-color in situ hybridization should also be analyzed for chromosome 17 to obtain a more accurate diagnosis of HER2 amplification.
American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID‐19 Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Version 1 (2021)

These guidance statements, made in the context of limited clinical data, are intended to provide direction to rheumatology health care providers on how to best use COVID-19 vaccines and to facilitate implementation of vaccination strategies for RMD patients.
The least mean fourth (LMF) adaptive algorithm and its family (1984)

New steepest descent algorithms for adaptive filtering and have been devised which allow error minimization in the mean fourth and mean sixth, etc., sense. During adaptation, the weights undergo exponential relaxation toward their optimal solutions. Time constants have been derived, and surprisingly they turn out to be proportional to the time constants that would have been obtained if the steepest descent least mean square (LMS) algorithm of Widrow and Hoff had been used. The new gradient algorithms are insignificantly more complicated to program and to compute than the LMS algorithm. Their general form is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W_{j+1} = W_{j} + 2 \mu K \epsilon_{j}^{2K-1}X_{j},</tex> where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W_{j}</tex> is the present weight vector, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W_{j+1}</tex> is the next weight vector, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\epsilon_{j}</tex> is the present error, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X_{j}</tex> is the present input vector, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu</tex> is a constant controlling stability and rate of convergence, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2K</tex> is the exponent of the error being minimized. Conditions have been derived for weight-vector convergence of the mean and of the variance for the new gradient algorithms. The behavior of the least mean fourth (LMF) algorithm is of special interest. In comparing this algorithm to the LMS algorithm, when both are set to have exactly the same time constants for the weight relaxation process, the LMF algorithm, under some circumstances, will have a substantially lower weight noise than the LMS algorithm. It is possible, therefore, that a minimum mean fourth error algorithm can do a better job of least squares estimation than a mean square error algorithm. This intriguing concept has implications for all forms of adaptive algorithms, whether they are based on steepest descent or otherwise.