gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Center Housing the World’s 3rd Fastest Supercomputer: Above Floor Thermal Measurements Compared to CFD Analysis (2007)

With the ever increasing heat dissipated by IT equipment housed in data centers it is becoming more important to project the changes that can occur in the data center as the newer higher powered hardware is installed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software that is available has improved over the years and some CFD software specific to data center thermal analysis has been developed. This has improved the timeliness of providing some quick analysis of the effects of new hardware into the data center. But it is critically important that this software provide a good report to the user of the effects of adding this new hardware. And it is the purpose of this paper to examine a large cluster installation and compare the CFD analysis with environmental measurements obtained from the same site. This paper shows measurements and CFD analysis of high powered racks as high as 27 kW clustered such that heat fluxes in some regions of the data center exceeded 700 Watts/ft2 (7535 W/m2). This paper describes the thermal profile of a high performance computing cluster located in an IBM data center and a comparison of that cluster modeled with CFD software. The high performance Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) cluster, developed and manufactured by IBM, is code named ASC Purple. It is the World’s 3rd fastest supercomputer [1], operating at a peak performance of 77.8 TFlop/s. ASC Purple, which employs IBM pSeries p575, Model 9118, contains more than 12,000 processors, 50 terabytes of memory, and 2 petabytes of globally accessible disk space. The cluster was first tested in the IBM development lab in Poughkeepsie, NY and then shipped to Lawrence Livermore National Labs in Livermore, California where it was installed to support our national security mission. Detailed measurements were taken in both data centers of electronic equipment power usage, perforated floor tile airflow, cable cutout airflow, computer room air conditioning (CRAC) airflow, and electronic equipment inlet air temperatures and were report in Schmidt [2], but only the IBM Poughkeepsie results will be reported here along with a comparison to CFD modeling results. In some areas of the Poughkeepsie data center there were regions that did exceed the equipment inlet air temperature specifications by a significant amount. These areas will be highlighted and reasons given on why these areas failed to meet the criteria. The modeling results by region showed trends that compared somewhat favorably but some rack thermal profiles deviated quite significantly from measurements.
MiR-139-5p as a novel serum biomarker for recurrence and metastasis in colorectal cancer (2017)

Abstract Approximately 30–50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who undergo curative resection subsequently experience tumor recurrence or metastasis. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs frequently deregulated in various human malignancies, it remains unknown if these can help predict recurrence and metastasis in CRC patients. MiRNAs were initially screened using miRNA-microarray and miRNA-seq datasets with or without recurrence. Candidate miRNAs were then tested in two independent cohorts of 111 stage II/III and 139 stage I-III CRC patients, as well as serum samples and matched primary and metastatic liver tissues. An animal model of peritoneal dissemination was used to assess the oncogenic role of the target miRNA. Four candidate miRNAs were identified during the initial screening, and we subsequently validated upregulation of miR-139-5p in two independent clinical cohorts, wherein it associated with poor recurrence-free survival. Moreover, miR-139-5p were also upregulated in the serum of recurrence-positive CRC patients and yielded significantly shorter recurrence-free survival. Intriguingly, miR-139-5p was upregulated in metastatic liver tissues and negatively correlated with genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Lastly, we showed that miR-139-5p overexpression enhanced peritoneal dissemination in a mouse model. In conclusion, we identified miR-139-5p as a novel biomarker for tumor recurrence and metastasis in CRC.
Real-time cell culture monitoring by means of lensfree video microscopy (2014)

We have developed “Lensfree video microscopy” to bring new perspectives to cell biology, with its ability to perform real-time cell culture monitoring, with a field of view of 24mm2 encompassing several thousand cells
Detection of low-level copper contamination in p-type silicon by means of microwave photoconductive decay measurements (2002)

In order to achieve a better understanding of the behaviour of copper in p-type silicon, studies of the recombination of copper were carried out by the microwave photoconductive decay measurement method (μ PCD) using high-intensity bias light. It was observed that in the presence of small oxygen precipitates, high-intensity light could be used to activate precipitation of interstitial copper. It is suggested that high-intensity light changes the charge state of interstitial copper from positive to neutral, which enhances the precipitation. The precipitation follows Ham's kinetics and results in an increase in the recombination rate, which is detectable even with very low copper concentrations. This phenomenon can be used to detect low levels of copper contamination by the μ PCD method. In addition, it was observed that out-diffusion as well as in-diffusion of interstitial copper could be affected by an external corona charge. Thus, it is suggested that copper atoms do not form stable bonds at the Si–SiO2 interface after out-diffusion from bulk silicon.
Classification of motor commands using a modified self-organising feature map (2005)

In this paper, a control system for an advanced prosthesis is proposed and has been investigated in two different biological systems: (1) the spinal withdrawal reflex system of a rat and (2) voluntary movements in two human males: one normal subject and one subject with a traumatic hand amputation. The small-animal system was used as a model system to test different processing methods for the prosthetic control system. The best methods were then validated in the human set-up. The recorded EMGs were classified using different ANN algorithms, and it was found that a modified self-organising feature map (SOFM) composed of a combination of a Kohonen network and the conscience mechanism algorithm (KNC) was superior in performance to the reference networks (e.g. multi-layer perceptrons) as regards training time, low memory consumption, and simplicity in finding optimal training parameters and architecture. The KNC network classified both experimental set-ups with high accuracy, including five movements for the animal set-up and seven for the human set-up.
Classification and identification of electric shock current for safety operation in power distribution network (2019)

Electric shock current identification is essential for the safety in power distribution network. Moreover, as different categories of object have different electric shock current characteristic, a classification model for shock current is essential to be proposed before identification. Therefore, the authors proposed a two‐stage framework, including the AdaBoost for the classification and an improved support vector machine (SVM) method for the identification. In the classification stage, the AdaBoost learns the hidden pattern of different electric shock current and generates a predictive model for current classification. Based on the classification results, a fusion method called SVM–NN is proposed in the identification stage, which is based on SVM and neural network (NN) to make fusion determination. The SVM–NN takes advantages of SVM and NN for integration analysis. Based on real data, these classification and identification methods are evaluated. Results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the identification accuracy of electric shock current signal comparing to traditional methods.
Subwavelength nanocavity for flexible structural transmissive color generation with wide viewing angle: publisher’s note (2017)

This Publisher’s Note corrects the author list of Optica3, 1489 (2016).10.1364/OPTICA.3.001489
Biexciton dynamics in halide perovskite nanocrystals (2022)

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are attracting considerable interest as next-generation optoelectronic materials. Optical responses of nanocrystals are determined by excitons and exciton complexes such as trions and biexcitons. Understanding of their dynamics is indispensable for the optimal design of optoelectronic devices and the development of new functional properties. Here, we summarize the recent advances on the exciton and biexciton photophysics in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals revealed by femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and single-dot spectroscopy. We discuss the impact of the biexciton dynamics on controlling and improving the optical gain.
Learning (Predictive) Risk Scores in the Presence of Censoring due to\n Interventions (2015)

A large and diverse set of measurements are regularly collected during a\npatient's hospital stay to monitor their health status. Tools for integrating\nthese measurements into severity scores, that accurately track changes in\nillness severity, can improve clinicians ability to provide timely\ninterventions. Existing approaches for creating such scores either 1) rely on\nexperts to fully specify the severity score, or 2) train a predictive score,\nusing supervised learning, by regressing against a surrogate marker of severity\nsuch as the presence of downstream adverse events. The first approach does not\nextend to diseases where an accurate score cannot be elicited from experts. The\nsecond approach often produces scores that suffer from bias due to\ntreatment-related censoring (Paxton, 2013). We propose a novel ranking based\nframework for disease severity score learning (DSSL). DSSL exploits the\nfollowing key observation: while it is challenging for experts to quantify the\ndisease severity at any given time, it is often easy to compare the disease\nseverity at two different times. Extending existing ranking algorithms, DSSL\nlearns a function that maps a vector of patient's measurements to a scalar\nseverity score such that the resulting score is temporally smooth and\nconsistent with the expert's ranking of pairs of disease states. We apply DSSL\nto the problem of learning a sepsis severity score using a large, real-world\ndataset. The learned scores significantly outperform state-of-the-art clinical\nscores in ranking patient states by severity and in early detection of future\nadverse events. We also show that the learned disease severity trajectories are\nconsistent with clinical expectations of disease evolution. Further, using\nsimulated datasets, we show that DSSL exhibits better generalization\nperformance to changes in treatment patterns compared to the above approaches.\n
Drag reduction by spanwise wall oscillation in wall-bounded turbulent flows (2002)

Drag reduction in turbulent channel and pipe e ows by spanwise (circumferential) wall oscillations is studied numerically. The ine uence of the wall oscillation on near-wall streamwise vortices is examined. By the use of the Stokes second problem, a wall-normal distanceparameter and an acceleration parameterare obtained toestimate the drag reduction rate. A simple equation is derived for expressing the drag reduction rate by spanwise wall oscillations. The relation between near-wall streamwise vortices and low- and high-speed e uids is scrutinized to extract the key parameters. The drag reduction mechanism is analyzed in terms of the attenuation of Reynolds shear stress.
HyperBTM-Catalyzed Asymmetric Tandem Sequential Synthesis of Tetrahydroindolizines (2020)

Key words tetrahydroindolizines - isothiouronium enolate - Michael addition - HyperBTM - 2-pyrrolylacetic acid - tandem reaction
Valproate hydroxylation by human fetal tissues and embryotoxicity of metabolites (1986)

The oxidative biotransformation of sodium valproate was studied in liver, lung, brain, and adrenal homogenates from human conceptuses with gestational ages ranging from 50 to 77 days. Analyses of metabolites by GC/MS indicated the formation of 3-hydroxy-, 4-hydroxy-, and 5-hydroxyvalproic acid, with hydroxylation occurring preferentially at the 4- position. The adrenal homogenate was consistently the most active fetal tissue studied, with rates of hydroxylation similar to those in rat and macaque liver homogenates. Reaction rates in the fetal adrenal homogenate were approximately four times those in fetal liver and approximately 10 times the rates of the same reactions measured in fetal brain and lung. Although valproic acid itself (0.8 mmol/L) was highly embryotoxic to cultured whole rat embryos, none of the hydroxylated metabolites produced by human fetal tissues exhibited significant embryotoxicity at equimolar concentrations. This suggests that hydroxylation of valproic acid in human fetal tissues is a process of detoxification, and implies that valproic acid is a direct-acting teratogen.
Rotationally mediated selective adsorption of HD on W(110). Physisorption without chemisorption (1985)

Rotationally mediated selective-adsorption resonances have been observed in studies of the angular-scattering distributions of HD from W(110). Efforts have been made to determine the ultimate fate of these selectively adsorbed molecules, with emphasis on the extent to which this process may provide a route to dissociative chemisorption. Although the initial chemisorption probability for HD on this surface is found to be a few percent, no correlation is found between chemisorption and selective-adsorption resonances, nor do these molecules contribute significantly to incoherent zero-phonon scattering, insofar as they do not appear in the wings of the coherent-scattering peaks. However, it does appear that molecules which undergo selective adsorption trap into a physisorption state before leaving the surface. Initial chemisorption probabilities have been measured using flash desorption to determine surface coverages. For a 0.109 eV HD beam on a 370 K sample these values are found to vary from 0.06 ± 0.01 at normal incidence to 0.020 ± 0.002 at incidence angles ≳60°. The selective-adsorption measurements yield five energy levels for molecules bound in the laterally averaged HD–W(110) potential, corresponding to distinct selective-adsorption resonances. In the specular, J= 0 →J= 0, channel, resonances are observed at 80.0°, 76.0° and 73.5° from the surface normal, giving J= 1 energy levels of –7.8, –4.7 and –2.3 meV. The rotationally inelastic, J= 0 →J= 1, channel displays shallow resonances at 68.0° and 64.0°, indicating J= 2 energy levels of –17.8 and –12.2 meV. Anomalously weak J= 0 →J= 2 scattering is observed, possibly caused by coupling between inelastic and reactive channels.
Closed form solution for QoS (2006)

The information-theoretic maximum system capacity in a CDMA network, which guarantees fairness to mobile stations,can be achieved by optimally allocating transmit powers to the mobile stations while imposing individual QoS constraints. Even though this optimization is carried out in a multi-dimensional space we show that the optimal solution can be reduced to a search in a one-dimensional space. In this paper we first show that the previous results can be obtained by a simpler and more intuitive approach. Also, we show that the optimal solution is actually bang--bang. In addition, we show that the candidate solutions can be determined in a closed form. This considerably reduces the computational effort. Because rather than carrying out numerical search on a set of intervals, only a few explicitly determined points should now be examined
Measured Absolute Cross Sections for K* + Rb Collisional Excitation Transfer (1969)

The electronic excitation transfer processes, $\mathrm{K}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Rb}(^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{K}(^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})+\mathrm{Rb}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})+\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ and $\mathrm{K}(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})+\mathrm{Rb}(^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{K}(^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})+\mathrm{Rb}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})+\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ have been studied by irradiating a cell containing a nonequilibrium mixture of potassium and rubidium vapors with either the 7665 \AA{} D2 line or the 7699 \AA{} D1 line of the potassium resonance doublet. The resulting collisionally induced rubidium 7948 \AA{} fluorescence signal, isolated by interference filters used in tandem, is detected with a liquid-nitrogen-cooled $S\ensuremath{-}1$ photo-multiplier placed at right angles to the direction of excitation. Measurements of the intensity ratio of the potassium and rubidium fluoresence combined with an optical absorption determination of the rubidium atom density yields the following excitation transfer cross sections: $Q[\mathrm{K}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Rb}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})]=2.2 {\AA{}}^{2}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25%$ and $Q[\mathrm{K}(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Rb}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})]=2.6 {\AA{}}^{2}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20%$ at $T=365\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2%$. Throughout an experimental run the potassium and rubidium vapor pressures are varied, but data are taken for only the lowest vapor pressures for which corrections due to resonance radiation imprisonment are unnecessary.
Pharmacological analysis of cyclooxygenase-1 in inflammation (1998)

The enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG) H2, the precursor of PGs and thromboxane. These lipid mediators play important roles in inflammation and pain and in normal physiological functions. While there are abundant data indicating that the inducible isoform, COX-2, is important in inflammation and pain, the constitutively expressed isoform, COX-1, has also been suggested to play a role in inflammatory processes. To address the latter question pharmacologically, we used a highly selective COX-1 inhibitor, SC-560 (COX-1 IC50 = 0.009 microM; COX-2 IC50 = 6.3 microM). SC-560 inhibited COX-1-derived platelet thromboxane B2, gastric PGE2, and dermal PGE2 production, indicating that it was orally active, but did not inhibit COX-2-derived PGs in the lipopolysaccharide-induced rat air pouch. Therapeutic or prophylactic administration of SC-560 in the rat carrageenan footpad model did not affect acute inflammation or hyperalgesia at doses that markedly inhibited in vivo COX-1 activity. By contrast, celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, was anti-inflammatory and analgesic in this model. Paradoxically, both SC-560 and celecoxib reduced paw PGs to equivalent levels. Increased levels of PGs were found in the cerebrospinal fluid after carrageenan injection and were markedly reduced by celecoxib, but were not affected by SC-560. These results suggest that, in addition to the role of peripherally produced PGs, there is a critical, centrally mediated neurological component to inflammatory pain that is mediated at least in part by COX-2.
A Stereolithography‐Based 3D Printed Hybrid Scaffold for In Situ Cartilage Defect Repair (2017)

Damage to articular cartilage can over time cause degeneration to the tissue surrounding the injury. To address this problem, scaffolds that prevent degeneration and promote neotissue growth are needed. A new hybrid scaffold that combines a stereolithography-based 3D printed support structure with an injectable and photopolymerizable hydrogel for delivering cells to treat focal chondral defects is introduced. In this proof of concept study, the ability to a) infill the support structure with an injectable hydrogel precursor solution, b) incorporate cartilage cells during infilling using a degradable hydrogel that promotes neotissue deposition, and c) minimize damage to the surrounding cartilage when the hybrid scaffold is placed in situ in a focal chondral defect in an osteochondral plug that is cultured under mechanical loading is demonstrated. With the ability to independently control the properties of the structure and the injectable hydrogel, this hybrid scaffold approach holds promise for treating chondral defects.
Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy in clinical practice (2016)

Almost all recent studies confirmed internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) as an accurate and valuable technique to determine stage, prognosis, and best treatment option in breast cancer patients. Decision about local treatment of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLN) is still being made based on Axillary lymph node (ALN) status. According to study results, there will be patients in positive ALN subgroup who just face complications of an unnecessary radiation to IMLNs and there will be patients in negative ALN subgroup who do not receive adjuvant radiation therapy they really need, if we insist to continue planning IMLN treatment based on ALN status. It seems that patients with bonafide drainage to IMLNs will benefit from IM-SLNB regardless of their ALN status.
Glugacon-like peptide-2: broad receptor expression, limited therapeutic effect on intestinal inflammation and novel role in liver regeneration (2014)

The glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is an intestinotrophic hormone with growth promoting and anti-inflammatory actions. However, the full biological functions of GLP-2 and the localization of its receptor (GLP-2R) remain controversial. Among cell lines tested, the expression of GLP-2R transcript was detected in human colonic myofibroblasts (CCD-18Co) and in primary culture of rat enteric nervous system but not in intestinal epithelial cell lines, lymphocytes, monocytes, or endothelial cells. Surprisingly, GLP-2R was expressed in murine (GLUTag), but not human (NCI-H716) enteroendocrine cells. The screening of GLP-2R mRNA in mice organs revealed an increasing gradient of GLP-2R toward the distal gut. An unexpected expression was detected in the mesenteric fat, mesenteric lymph nodes, bladder, spleen, and liver, particularly in hepatocytes. In two mice models of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, the colonic expression of GLP-2R mRNA was decreased by 60% compared with control mice. Also, GLP-2R mRNA was significantly downregulated in intestinal tissues of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Therapeutically, GLP-2 showed a weak restorative effect on intestinal inflammation during TNBS-induced colitis as assessed by macroscopic score and inflammatory markers. Finally, GLP-2 treatment accelerated mouse liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy as assessed by histological and molecular analyses. In conclusion, the limited therapeutic effect of GLP-2 on colonic inflammation dampens its utility in the management of severe inflammatory intestinal disorders. However, the role of GLP-2 in liver regeneration is a novelty that might introduce GLP-2 into the management of liver diseases and emphasizes on the importance of elucidating other extraintestinal functions of GLP-2.