gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Workspace of 6-DOF Parallel Manipulators (1990)

This paper presents an algorithm for the determination of the workspace of parallel manipulators. The method described here, which is based on geometrical properties of the workspace, leads to a simple graphical representation of the regions of the three-dimensional Cartesian space that are attainable by the manipulator with a given orientation of the platform. Moreover, the volume of the workspace can be easily computed by performing an integration in its boundary, which is obtained from the algorithm. Examples are included to illustrate the application of the method to a six-degree-of-freedom fully parallel manipulator.
Unintentional Injury Related Deaths in USA (2017)

Since 1991, unintentional injuries have ranked as the fifth leading cause of death behind heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, and stroke. As shown in the top graph on the facing page, deaths in the United States are dominated by heart disease and cancer. The next three causes, chronic lower respiratory disease, stroke, and unintentional injuries, look almost insignificant in comparison. These three causes combined account for fewer deaths than cancer alone. Given this reality, why are organizations like the National Safety Council focused on preventing unintentional injuries?
Ku-band receiver and transmitter for breadboard DSP scatterometer (2003)

The design and test results for the Radio Frequency (RF) portion of a breadboard polarimetric scatterometer operating at 13.402 GHz are presented. An integrated breadboard has been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to evaluate the feasibility of a programmable Digital Signal Processing (DSP) approach for a follow-on scatterometer similar to SeaWinds (scheduled for launch in winter 2002). Early breadboards of an integrated system have been identified as valuable assets in developing effective subsystem requirements for the eventual flight instrument. Many compatibility and partitioning issues between the RF and DSP hardware are addressed with empirical results derived from the aforementioned breadboard. The RF portion of the breadboard consists of a dual channel receiver, heterodyning the received signal of 13.402 GHz down to an IF of 37 MHz prior to the analog to digital conversion, and a single channel transmitter, that converts the I/Q baseband transmit waveform up to Ku band. The breadboard makes provision for emulating capabilities such as programmable attenuators, loop-back calibration, and saturation effects in an actual instrument's power amplifier. It also provides control interfaces to allow early verification of software control algorithms.
Secondary bile acids function through the vitamin D receptor in myeloid progenitors to promote myelopoiesis (2023)

Metabolic products of the microbiota can alter hematopoiesis. However, the contribution and site of action of bile acids is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), increase bone marrow myelopoiesis. Treatment of bone marrow cells with DCA and LCA preferentially expanded immunophenotypic and functional colony-forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs). DCA treatment of sorted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) increased CFU-GMs, indicating that direct exposure of HSPCs to DCA sufficed to increase GMPs. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) was required for the DCA-induced increase in CFU-GMs and GMPs. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that DCA significantly upregulated genes associated with myeloid differentiation and proliferation in GMPs. The action of DCA on HSPCs to expand GMPs in a VDR-dependent manner suggests microbiome-host interactions could directly affect bone marrow hematopoiesis and potentially the severity of infectious and inflammatory disease.
Visualization of the Molecular Shape and the Orientational Distribution in the Langmuir−Blodgett Film of a Bent-Shaped Achiral Molecule As Studied by Surface Second-Harmonic Generation (1998)

We have studied the anisotropic molecular orientational distributions of two-dimensional bent-shaped molecular monolayers by optical surface second-harmonic generation (SHG). The molecular monolayer of 1,3-phenylene bis[4-(((4-dodecylphenyl)imino)methyl)benzoate] (12-PIMB) was prepared by the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique. Oblique incident surface SHG measurements from the monolayer showed that the bent-shaped molecules preferably aligned toward the dipping direction. The analysis of the experimental results provided the nonlinear-optical tensor components of the 12-PIMB LB monolayer. Using these components and a simple superposition model, the molecular orientational distribution function was determined. We successfully showed that the distribution map provides a view of the molecular shape.
Halogen‐Bonded Hole‐Transport Material Suppresses Charge Recombination and Enhances Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells (2021)

Abstract Interfaces play a crucial role in determining perovskite solar cells, (PSCs) performance and stability. It is therefore of great importance to constantly work toward improving their design. This study shows the advantages of using a hole‐transport material (HTM) that can anchor to the perovskite surface through halogen bonding (XB). A halo‐functional HTM (PFI) is compared to a reference HTM (PF), identical in optoelectronic properties and chemical structure but lacking the ability to form XB. The interaction between PFI and perovskite is supported by simulations and experiments. XB allows the HTM to create an ordered and homogenous layer on the perovskite surface, thus improving the perovskite/HTM interface and its energy level alignment. Thanks to the compact and ordered interface, PFI displays increased resistance to solvent exposure compared to its not‐interacting counterpart. Moreover, PFI devices show suppressed nonradiative recombination and reduced hysteresis, with a V oc enhancement of ≥20 mV and a remarkable stability, retaining more than 90% efficiency after 550 h of continuous maximum‐power‐point tracking. This work highlights the potential that XB can bring to the context of PSCs, paving the way for a new halo‐functional design strategy for charge‐transport layers, which tackles the challenges of charge transport and interface improvement simultaneously.
Re: Global rising rates of caesarean sections (2021)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
A multi-institutional observational study evaluating the incidence and the clinicopathological characteristics of Neo<i>RAS</i> wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. (2023)

206 Background: The ’’Neo RAS’’ phenomenon, in which tissue rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( RAS) status converts from mutant (MT) to wild-type (WT) after treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), is gaining attention because epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, which were originally considered to be ineffective, may converted to be effective. This multi-center study investigated its incidence and clinicopathological characteristics that are still unclear. Methods: 107 mCRC patients with tissue RAS MT, confirmed using MEBGEN RASKET-B, who were refractory or intolerant to previous chemotherapies, including fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, or irinotecan were enrolled in 4 institutions from June 2021 to August 2022. The RAS status in ctDNA was investigated after prior chemotherapy using ONCOBEAM TM RAC CRC. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared between patients with RAS MT and RAS WT (Neo RAS) in ctDNA. Results: The incidence of Neo RAS WT mCRC was 21.5% (23/107). The frequency of Neo RAS in KRAS exon 2 was significantly lower than that in other alleles such as exon 3 and 4 or NRAS (18.2% [18/99] vs 62.5% [5/8], P = 0.011). There were significant differences in frequency of Neo RAS between male vs female (30.6% [19/62] vs 8.9% [4/45], P = 0.008), absence vs presence of liver metastasis (38.6% [17/44] vs 9.5% [6/63], P &lt; 0.001), and between two groups divided at the median: tumor diameter (&gt; 60.9 mm vs ≤, 3.8% [2/53] vs 38.9% [21/54], P &lt; 0.001), carcinoembryonic antigen level (&gt; 38.2 ng/ml vs ≤, 11.3% [6/53] vs 31.5% [17/54], P = 0.018), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level (&gt; 158.0 U/ml vs ≤, 9.4% [5/53] vs 33.3% [18/54], P = 0.004). Logistic regression multivariate analysis, absence of liver metastasis (Odds ratio [OR], 4.62; P = 0.019), smaller tumor diameter (OR, 7.92; P = 0.012) and tissue RAS MT in other than KRAS exon 2 (OR, 9.04; P = 0.026) were significantly related to the appearance of Neo RAS WT mCRC. Conclusions: Original RAS status in tissue, tumor diameter and liver metastasis are related to conversion to Neo RAS WT mCRC.
Thickness dependence of the MoO3 blocking layers on ZnO nanorod-inverted organic photovoltaic devices (2011)

Organic solar cells based on vertically aligned zinc oxide nanorod arrays (ZNR) in an inverted structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZNR/poly(3-hexylthiophene): (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester(P3HT:PCBM)/MoO3/aluminum(Al) were studied. We found that the optimum MoO3 layer thickness condition of 20 nm, the MoO3 can effectively decrease the probability of bimolecular recombination either at the Al interface or within the active layer itself. For this optimum condition we get a power conversion efficiency of 2.15%, a short-circuit current density of 9.02 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.55V, and a fill factor of 0.44 under 100 mW/cm2 irradiation. Our investigations also show that the highly crystallized ZNR can create short and continuous pathways for electron transport and increase the contact area between the ZNR and the organic materials.
Association Between Type of Reconstruction After Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Surgeon-, Patient-, and Tumor-Specific Features: A Cross-Sectional Study (2012)

Most post-Mohs closures are linear repairs, with more bilayered linear repairs more likely at certain anatomic sites and after a larger number of stages.
Proposed mechanism for the length dependence of the force developed in maximally activated muscles (2019)

The molecular bases of the Frank-Starling law of the heart and of its cellular counterpart, the length dependent activation (LDA), are largely unknown. However, the recent discovery of the thick filament activation, a second pathway beside the well-known calcium mediated thin filament activation, is promising for elucidating these mechanisms. The thick filament activation is mediated by the tension acting on it through the mechano-sensing (MS) mechanism and can be related to the LDA via the titin passive tension. Here, we propose a mechanism to explain the higher maximum tension at longer sarcomere lengths generated by a maximally activated muscle and test it in-silico with a single fiber and a ventricle model. The active tension distribution along the thick filament generates a reservoir of inactive motors at its free-end that can be activated by passive tension on a beat-to-beat timescale. The proposed mechanism is able to quantitatively account for the observed increment in tension at the fiber level, however, the ventricle model suggests that this component of the LDA is not crucial in physiological conditions.
Serial electrophysiologic studies in rhesus monkeys with Krabbe disease (2005)

Krabbe disease is a progressive leukodystrophy that results in demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous systems in humans. It has been described in a number of mammalian species including the rhesus monkey. We performed serial nerve conduction studies beginning within the first 2 months of life in four homozygous, two heterozygous, and two normal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to characterize the peripheral neuropathy. Mean conduction velocities of the median, ulnar, and tibial nerves were significantly slower in the affected than unaffected monkeys at all ages (P < 0.0001). The conduction velocity differences became more apparent between the affected and unaffected as the monkeys aged. When compared to the unaffected monkeys, the serial conduction velocities suggested occurrence of dysmyelination followed by demyelination in the affected monkeys. These observations provide further insight into the disease process and suggest an early window of opportunity for treating Krabbe disease.
BER Analysis of Uplink OFDMA in the Presence of Carrier Frequency and Timing Offsets on Rician Fading Channels (2011)

In orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) on the uplink, the carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) and/or timing offsets (TOs) of other users with respect to a desired user can cause multiuser interference (MUI). Analytically evaluating the effect of these CFO/TO-induced MUI on the bit error rate (BER) performance is of interest. In this paper, we analyze the BER performance of uplink OFDMA in the presence of CFOs and TOs on Rician fading channels. A multicluster multipath channel model that is typical in indoor/ultrawideband and underwater acoustic channels is considered. Analytical BER expressions that quantify the degradation in BER due to the combined effect of both CFOs and TOs in uplink OFDMA with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$M$</tex></formula> -state quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) are derived. Analytical and simulation BER results are shown to match very well. The derived BER expressions are shown to accurately quantify the performance degradation due to nonzero CFOs and TOs, which can serve as a useful tool in OFDMA system design.
Novel Hybrid Catalyst for the Oxidation of Organic Acids: Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Mn‐N‐3D‐Graphene Nanosheets (2017)

Abstract This paper reports the fabrication and electrochemical performance of a hybrid catalyst composed of Pd nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Mn active centers integrated into the nitrogen‐doped three‐dimensional graphene nanosheets (Pd/Mn−N‐3D‐GNS). Our results show that the synergistic integration of both Pd nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Mn can be used to enhance the activity toward the electrochemical oxidation of organic acids at biologically relevant pH values. The hybrid catalyst (Pd/Mn−N‐3D‐GNS) showed increased maximum currents toward the oxidation of oxalic acid when compared to its individual catalysts, namely, Pd/3D‐GNS and Mn−N‐3D‐GNS catalysts. The hybrid also showed a decreased onset potential for oxidation of mesoxalic acid as compared to Mn−N‐3D‐GNS and decreased onset potentials for the oxidation of glyoxalic acid when compared to both of its constituent catalysts. Oxidation of formic acid was also tested and the hybrid was shown to catalyze both dehydration and dehydrogenation mechanisms of formic acid electro‐oxidation. Using density functional theory calculations, it was elucidated that a two‐site catalysis most likely promotes dehydrogenation reaction for formic acid oxidation, which can explain the selectivity of Pd nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Mn towards the dehydrogenation/dehydration pathway.
Vaccines against<i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2014)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is recognized as a major cause of nosocomial diseases ranging from antibiotic related diarrhea to fulminant colitis. Emergence during the last 2 decades of C. difficile strains associated with high incidence, severity and lethal outcomes has increased the challenges for CDI treatment. A limited number of drugs have proven to be effective against CDI and concerns about antibiotic resistance as well as recurring disease solicited the search for novel therapeutic strategies. Active vaccination provides the attractive opportunity to prevent CDI, and intense research in recent years led to development of experimental vaccines, 3 of which are currently under clinical evaluation. This review summarizes recent achievements and remaining challenges in the field of C. difficile vaccines, and discusses future perspectives in view of newly-identified candidate antigens.
Recycling of vitamin E in human low density lipoproteins. (1992)

Oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and their unrestricted scavenger receptor-dependent uptake is believed to account for cholesterol deposition in macrophage-derived foam cells. It has been suggested that vitamin E that is transported by LDL plays a critical role in protecting against LDL oxidation. We hypothesize that the maintenance of sufficiently high vitamin E concentrations in LDL can be achieved by reducing its chromanoxyl radicals, i.e., by vitamin E recycling. In this study we demonstrate that: i) chromanoxyl radicals of endogenous vitamin E and of exogenously added alpha-tocotrienol, alpha-tocopherol or its synthetic homologue with a 6-carbon side-chain, chromanol-alpha-C6, can be directly generated in human LDL by ultraviolet (UV) light, or by interaction with peroxyl radicals produced either by an enzymic oxidation system (lipoxygenase + linolenic acid) or by an azo-initiator, 2,2'-azo-bis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN; ii) ascorbate can recycle endogenous vitamin E and exogenously added chromanols by direct reduction of chromanoxyl radicals in LDL; iii) dihydrolipoic acid is not efficient in direct reduction of chromanoxyl radicals but recycles vitamin E by synergistically interacting with ascorbate (reduces dehydroascorbate thus maintaining the steady-state concentration of ascorbate); and iv) beta-carotene is not active in vitamin E recycling but may itself be protected against oxidative destruction by the reductants of chromanoxyl radicals. We suggest that the recycling of vitamin E and other phenolic antioxidants by plasma reductants may be an important mechanism for the enhanced antioxidant protection of LDL.
Overexpression of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana LOV KELCH REPEAT PROTEIN 2</i> promotes tuberization in potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum cv</i>. May Queen) (2010)

Potato tuberization is induced under short-day conditions and repressed under long-day conditions. In this study, we produced transgenic potatoes overexpressing either Arabidopsis thaliana LOV KELCH PROTEIN 2 (35S:LKP2) or CONSTANS fused with a transcription repressor motif (35S:CO-Rep). In an in vitro tuberization assay, the average number of tubers per plant was greater in 35S:LKP2 plants than in vector-control plants, but lower in 35S:CO-Rep plants. Under long-day conditions in soil, all 35S:LKP2 plants tuberized, whereas most control plants and 35S:CO-Rep plants did not. These results suggest genes involved in flowering time regulation can be used to control potato tuber production.
Supplementary Methods, Tables, and Figure from Futibatinib, an Irreversible FGFR1–4 Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring &lt;i&gt;FGF&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;FGFR&lt;/i&gt; Aberrations: A Phase I Dose-Expansion Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Appendix including all supplementary tables and figures&lt;/p&gt;
Contraction due to microtubule disruption is associated with increased phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain. (1995)

Microtubules have been proposed to function as rigid struts which oppose cellular contraction. Consistent with this hypothesis, microtubule disruption strengthens the contractile force exerted by many cell types. We have investigated alternative explanation for the mechanical effects of microtubule disruption: that microtubules modulate the mechanochemical activity of myosin by influencing phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (LC20). We measured the force produced by a population of fibroblasts within a collagen lattice attached to an isometric force transducer. Treatment of cells with nocodazole, an inhibitor of microtubule polymerization, stimulated an isometric contraction that reached its peak level within 30 min and was typically 30-45% of the force increase following maximal stimulation with 30% fetal bovine serum. The contraction following nocodazole treatment was associated with a 2- to 4-fold increase in LC20 phosphorylation. The increases in both force and LC20 phosphorylation, after addition of nocodazole, could be blocked or reversed by stabilizing the microtubules with paclitaxel (former generic name, taxol). Increasing force and LC20 phosphorylation by pretreatment with fetal bovine serum decreased the subsequent additional contraction upon microtubule disruption, a finding that appears inconsistent with a load-shifting mechanism. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of LC20 is a common mechanism for the contractions stimulated both by microtubule poisons and receptor-mediated agonists. The modulation of myosin activity by alterations in microtubule assembly may coordinate the physiological functions of these cytoskeletal components.
Temperature-mediated invocation of the vacuum state for switchable ultrawide-angle and broadband deflection (2018)

Abstract Temperature-mediated appearance and disappearance of a deflection grating in a diffracting structure is possible by employing InSb as the grating material. InSb transits from the dielectric state to the plasmonic state in the terahertz regime as the temperature increases, this transition being reversible. An intermediate state is the vacuum state in which the real part of the relative permittivity of InSb equals unity while the imaginary part is much smaller. Then the grating virtually disappears, deflection being impossible as only specular reflection can occur. This ON/OFF switching of deflection and relevant angular filtering are realizable over wide ranges of frequency and incidence angle by a temperature change of as low as 20 K. The vacuum state of InSb invoked for ON/OFF switching of deflection and relevant angular filtering can also be obtained for thermally tunable materials other than InSb as well as by using non-thermal mechanisms.
Integrated MEMS actuators for sub-Micron patterning on thin polymer films (2014)

This paper reports on a new enabling technology for simultaneous generation of nanopatterns on thin polymer films using MEMS actuators. Monolithically integrated MEMS actuators with two-dimensional probe arrays are used as scanning probe nanolithography tools capable of generating multiple identical patterns on thin polymer films. The presented approach can circumvent the main deficiency of tip-based nanolithography techniques which is their low throughput. Two-degrees of freedom (DOF) electro-thermal MEMS positioning structures integrated with nanoscale probe-tips are successfully fabricated and utilized for generating nanopatterns scratched into 800 nm thick photoresist films. Scratch marks as narrow and long as ~100 nm and 18 μm, respectively, have been generated in x and y directions using a micro-actuator structures carrying 49 nanotips.
Wireless sensor network node with asynchronous architecture and vibration harvesting micro power generator (2005)

This paper presents recent advances in the development of a microsystem designed to be part of a wireless sensor network. This microsystem is developed with two particular technologies: asynchronous circuits and ambient energy harvesting power generator. Asynchronous technologies offer several advantages allowing a global decrease in the power consumption of the node. In addition, the presence of an ambient energy scavenger allows the system to power itself, thus reducing maintenance and increasing the lifetime of the node.
Exploiting Parallel Networks Using Dynamic Channel Scheduling (2008)

Many researchers have been focusing on the outcomes and consequences of the rapid increase and proliferation of mo- bile wireless technologies. If it is not already the case, it will soon be rare for a user to be in a situation where absolutely no network connection exists. In fact, through numerous