gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concentrations in serum and distribution in tissue of free and liposomal amphotericin B in rats during continuous intralipid infusion (1994)

The influences of Intralipid (IL) and 0.45% normal-saline infusions on the concentration in serum and distribution in tissue of amphotericin B (AmpB) and liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmpB) in rats were compared. In animals receiving a continuous IL infusion, concentrations of AmpB in kidneys and lungs were significantly higher, but the concentration of AmpB in serum was significantly lower in animals administered AmpB versus those given L-AmpB. In animals receiving a continuous normal-saline infusion concentrations of AmpB in kidneys and the spleen were significantly higher, but the concentration of AmpB in serum was significantly lower in animals administered AmpB versus those given L-AmpB. These results suggest that the increased total serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol during the IL infusion decreased the clearance of AmpB from the bloodstream and decreased the L-AmpB concentration in the kidney and lung.
A novel seed based post modulation interleaver: Design and analysis (2010)

Generally, in typical wireless communication systems, interleavers are deployed after channel coding to distribute burst of errors, so they appear as simple errors. Alternatively, in this paper, a novel seed based random (SBR) post modulation interleaver is reported. SBR interleaver is an attempt to form a unique scrambling matrix in order to interleave the data bits/symbols optimally. Moreover, our study reveals that interleaver can change its position and be introduced even after modulation without affecting the performance of the system. With post modulation interleaving, interleaver size is minimized that implies minimum design complexity. The proposed interleaver is analyzed in terms of the performance parameters called spread and dispersion in burst error environment. For burst error analysis, proposed interleaver is compared with random interleaver to show that, for single error correcting codes, it can deal with much longer burst of errors. To analyze the suitability of proposed post modulation interleaver, the comparison of pre- and post modulation interleaver is carried out.
Æminium (2014)

Writing concurrent applications is extremely challenging, not only in terms of producing bug-free and maintainable software, but also for enabling developer productivity. In this article we present the Æminium concurrent-by-default programming language. Using Æminium programmers express data dependencies rather than control flow between instructions. Dependencies are expressed using permissions, which are used by the type system to automatically parallelize the application. The Æminium approach provides a modular and composable mechanism for writing concurrent applications, preventing data races in a provable way. This allows programmers to shift their attention from low-level, error-prone reasoning about thread interleaving and synchronization to focus on the core functionality of their applications. We study the semantics of Æminium through μ Æminium, a sound core calculus that leverages permission flow to enable concurrent-by-default execution. After discussing our prototype implementation we present several case studies of our system. Our case studies show up to 6.5X speedup on an eight-core machine when leveraging data group permissions to manage access to shared state, and more than 70% higher throughput in a Web server application.
Enhancement of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer to combat correlated channel errors (2011)

In indoor environment, the IEEE 802.15.4 low-rate, low-power packet transmissions experience statistical correlation between channel errors due to interference and multipath fading. The 802.15.4 MAC layer implements an ARQ (Automatic Repeat-Request) mechanism for error recovery. In this work, we investigate the impact of correlated errors on the ARQ mechanism. The MAC layer back-off strategy employs a uniform random distribution to choose back-off values; which often reduces retransmission resolution time when packets confront collisions or transmission errors. We therefore propose the application of non-uniform (skewed) distribution which improves the system performance. Furthermore, an adaptive back off strategy, fastEI-slowED is developed for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol to combat channel errors in time varying conditions. A detailed comparative analysis is presented employing accurate models of wireless channel and MAC protocol. Numerical results indicate that proposed scheme performs better, especially in worst channel conditions, when long duration error bursts are more frequent.
Multi-area MPLS/GMPLS Interoperability Trial Over 14-Vendor Packet/TDM/ROADM/OXC Network (2007)

A multi-area MPLS/GMPLS interoperability trial was successfully conducted using various types of network elements from 14 vendors for the first time. The results show that the interior gateway routing protocol based multi-area routing architecture is a promising solution to achieve nationwide deployment of GMPLS networks within a carrier domain.
MSH6/2 and PD-L1 Expressions Are Associated with Tumor Growth and Invasiveness in Silent Pituitary Adenoma Subtypes (2020)

Mismatch repair genes <i>mutS homologs 6/2</i> (<i>MSH6/2</i>) expressions are involved in tumor growth and <i>programmed cell death 1 ligand 1</i> (<i>PD-L1</i>) expression in tumor immunity, but the direct association with pituitary adenomas (PAs) is not well understood. We aimed to clarify the effects of MSH6/2 and PD-L1 expression on tumor proliferation and invasiveness in nonfunctioning (NF) PAs. We performed immunohistochemistry to classify the NFPAs into gonadotroph adenoma (GAs), silent corticotroph adenomas (SCAs), null cell adenoma (NCAs), and pituitary transcription factor 1 (PIT1) lineage PAs. We evaluated <i>MSH6/2</i> and <i>PD-L1</i> mRNA expressions in NFPAs by real-time PCR (<i>n</i> = 73), and statistically analyzed the expressions and clinicopathological factors. We also investigated the effect of MSH6 knockout on PD-L1 expression in AtT-20ins and GH3. MSH6/2 expressions were significantly lower in invasive NFPAs than in non-invasive NFPAs, and lower in SCAs and NCAs than in GAs. <i>MSH6/2</i> expressions were positively associated with <i>PD-L1</i> expression. <i>PD-L1</i> expression was significantly lower in invasive NFPAs than in non-invasive NFPAs, and lower in SCAs and NCAs than in GAs. Although <i>MSH6/2</i> expressions also tended to be lower in PIT1 lineage PAs than in GAs, PIT1 lineage PAs expressed <i>PD-L1</i> equivalently to GA, which was unlike SCAs and NCAs. MSH6 knockout in AtT-20ins and GH3 significantly decreased <i>PD-L1</i> expression (75% and 34% reduction, respectively) with cell proliferation promotion. In conclusion, differences in <i>MSH6/2</i> and <i>PD-L1</i> expressions of SCAs, NCAs, and PIT1-lineage PAs from those of GAs appear to contribute to their clinically aggressive characteristics, such as more proliferation and invasiveness.
Loss of PRSS56 function leads to ocular angle defects and increased susceptibility to high intraocular pressure (2020)

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, affecting up to 70 million people worldwide. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma. It is well established that inefficient aqueous humor (AqH) outflow resulting from structural or functional alterations in ocular drainage tissues causes high IOP, but the genes and pathways involved are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that mutations in the gene encoding the serine protease PRSS56 induces ocular angle closure and high IOP in mice and identified reduced ocular axial length as a potential contributing factor. Here, we show that <i>Prss56<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice also exhibit an abnormal iridocorneal angle configuration characterized by a posterior shift of ocular drainage structures relative to the ciliary body and iris. Notably, we show that retina-derived PRSS56 is required between postnatal days 13 and 18 for proper iridocorneal configuration and that abnormal positioning of the ocular drainage tissues is not dependent on ocular size reduction in <i>Prss56<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the genetic context modulates the severity of IOP elevation in <i>Prss56</i> mutant mice and describe a progressive degeneration of ocular drainage tissues that likely contributes to the exacerbation of the high IOP phenotype observed on the C3H/HeJ genetic background. Finally, we identify five rare <i>PRSS56</i> variants associated with human primary congenital glaucoma, a condition characterized by abnormal development of the ocular drainage structures. Collectively, our findings point to a role for PRSS56 in the development and maintenance of ocular drainage tissues and IOP homeostasis, and provide new insights into glaucoma pathogenesis.
Case-controlled clinical and histopathological study of conjunctivochalasis (2005)

Six of 18 patients--that is, seven of 29 specimens of conjunctivochalasis demonstrated signs of elastosis or of chronic non-granulomatous inflammation. Clinically, patients had a spectrum of aetiologies of their watery eye syndrome.
Influence of mucin on glycosidase, protease and arylamidase activities of human gut bacteria grown in a 3‐stage continuous culture system (1989)

Human intestinal bacteria were grown in a 3-stage continuous culture system on a medium containing complex polysaccharides and proteins as carbon and nitrogen sources. Selected bacterial populations were enumerated and glycosidase, protease and arylamidase activities measured. Comparison of arylamidase and glycosidase activities in the multichamber system (MCS) and faeces showed that the predominant faecal enzymes were also produced by bacteria growing in the MCS. After 48 d operation, porcine gastric mucin (5.8 g/d) was independently fed to vessel 1. Elevated levels of volatile fatty acid (VFA) formation showed that the glycoprotein was actively fermented. The increase in carbohydrate availability as a result of breakdown of the mucin oligosaccharides stimulated bacterial growth and activities. The enzymological measurements showed that mucin increased production of both cell-bound and extracellular glycosidases, such as beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Protease activities were profoundly influenced by mucin. These were largely cell-bound in non-mucin cultures but were predominantly extracellular and collagenolytic when mucin was present. Experiments with protease inhibitors showed that cysteine proteases were the major cell-bound and extracellular enzymes in both mucin and non-mucin cultures, but that serine and metalloproteases were also present. The effect of mucin on arylamidase formation was less marked, although there was increased production of these enzymes in vessels 1 and 2 of the MCS. These results suggest that host-produced substances such as mucin glycoprotein may play a role in modulating the growth and activity of bacteria growing in the human large intestine.
Large scale visual localization in urban environments (2011)

This paper introduces a vision based localization method for large scale urban environments. The method is based upon Bag-of-Words image retrieval techniques and handles problems that arise in urban environments due to repetitive scene structure and the presence of dynamic objects like vehicles. The localization system was experimentally verified it localization experiments along a 5km long path in an urban environment.
A design mapping formula of asymmetrical multi-element coupled line directional couplers (2002)

This paper presents a design mapping formula, which is the relation between performance specification and design parameters, for asymmetrical multi-section coupled transmission line directional coupler. The presented mapping function can provide convenience in its use and accurate design parameters for a given design specification. Simulations and experiments on designed three-, five-, and seven-element coupled line directional couplers with 16 dB/spl plusmn/0.2 dB coupling show the validity of the presented design mapping formula.
Leakage and leakage sensitivity computation for combinational circuits (2003)

Leakage power is emerging as a new critical challenge in the design of high performance integrated circuits. Leakage is increasing dramatically with each technology generation and is expected to dominate system power. This paper describes a static (i.e input independent) technique for efficient and accurate leakage estimation. A probabilistic technique is presented to compute the average leakage of combinational circuits. The proposed technique gives accurate results with an average error of only 2% for the ISCAS benchmarks and accurately predict both subthreshold and gate leakage as well as the leakage sensitivities to process and environmental parameters.
Energetic analysis of succinic acid in water droplets: insight into thesize-dependent solubility of atmospheric nanoparticles (2021)

Abstract. Size-dependent solubility is prevalent in atmospheric nanoparticles, but a molecular level understanding is still insufficient, especially for organic compounds. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the size dependence of succinic acid solvation on the scale of ~1–4 nm with the potential of mean forces method. Our analyses reveal that the surface preference of succinic acid is stronger for a droplet than the slab of the same size, and the surface propensity is enhanced due to the curvature effect as the droplet becomes smaller. Energetic analyses show that such surface preference is primarily an enthalpic effect in both systems, while the entropic effect further enhances the surface propensity in droplets. On the other hand, with decreasing droplet size, the solubility of succinic acid in the internal bulk volume may decrease, imposing an opposite effect on the size dependence of solubility as compared with the enhanced surface propensity. Meanwhile, structural analyses, however, show that the surface to internal bulk volume ratio increases drastically, especially when considering the surface in respect to succinic acid, e.g., for droplet with radius of 1 nm, the internal bulk volume would be already close to zero for the succinic acid molecule.
Seguimiento de la integración del transporte y el medio ambiente en España. (2007)

Este estudio analiza los problemas de contaminacion derivados del transporte en Espana: la contaminacion atmosferica y la emision de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI). La evaluacion del inventario nacional de emisiones durante el periodo 1990 2003, utilizando datos por habitante de la Direccion de Calidad Ambiental del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, refleja que hay una reduccion de la emision de precursores de ozono (- 21,8%), sustancias acidificantes (-7,4%) y particulas (-2,2%). El crecimiento economico (31%) y el crecimiento de la demanda de transporte, viajeros (76%) y mercancias (49,9%), estan vinculados. El estudio compara las emisiones de los vehiculos con los niveles de contaminacion actuales y analiza la calidad del aire relacionandola con las directivas europeas. Los niveles son mas bajos que los valores maximos de contaminantes permitidos por las directivas, a excepcion de las particulas. La emision de GEI se incrementa en 47,1%, a un ritmo mayor que el 15% de incremento aconsejado por el Protocolo de Kyoto, y una de las prioridades mas urgentes es la reduccion de las mismas. Aunque el transporte de viajeros: carretera, ferrocarril y avion, ha mejorado su eficiencia en un 15%, 41%, y 50% respectivamente, se precisan medidas adicionales para disminuir las emisiones y el consumo energetico. Estas medidas requieren de tiempo para ser eficaces.
Absorption of HCl and SO<sub>2</sub> from Humidified Flue Gas with Calcium Silicate Solids (2000)

The absorption of HCl and SO2 with calcium silicate was studied in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor at 120 °C. From 0 to 3.5% relative humidity (RH), an increase in relative humidity increased sorbent utilization by reaction with HCl. From 3.5 to 19% RH, final sorbent loading by HCl was constant at 1.4 mol/mol of Ca2+. The absorption rate of HCl was first-order in HCl concentration from 250 to 3250 ppm. When calcium silicate was exposed to HCl and SO2 simultaneously in the absence of O2 or NO2, no SO2 remained loaded with the solids at the end of an experiment. Any SO2 that was absorbed was eventually emitted from the solids in favor of increased HCl absorption. The addition of O2 to the simulated flue gas caused improved SO2 absorption but had little effect on HCl absorption. A dramatic increase in final SO2 loading and a decrease in final HCl loading was observed when NO2 was added to the gas stream. Adding 50 ppm NO2 increased SO2 loading from 0 to 0.73 mol/mol of Ca2+ and decreased HCl loading from 1.4 to 0.61 mol/mol of Ca2+. In the presence of NO2, increasing the SO2/HCl inlet ratio increased final SO2 loading and decreased final HCl loading. In experiments without HCl from 90 to 150 °C, it was found that a low concentration of NO2 increased final SO2 loading more at higher temperatures. The experimental data from the fixed bed were modeled using a modification of the shrinking core model. Flux equations and estimated parameters were then used to predict the performance of HCl and SO2 absorption by calcium silicate on the surface of a bag filter. The predictions suggested that, at reasonable gas conditions in the absence of SO2, HCl penetration through the bag filter can be reduced below 20%. With simulated municipal waste combustion flue gas (low SO2/HCl ratio) with 50 ppm NO2, HCl and SO2 penetration can be reduced to less than 5%. At coal-fired boiler conditions (high SO2/HCl ratio) with 50 ppm NO2, HCl penetration can be reduced to 2% while SO2 penetration was predicted to be 40%.
Diabetic Neuropathies (2008)

Clinical trials of agents for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy have been confronted with a lack of agreement on appropriate endpoints and have generated controversy on why ample demonstration of efficacy of an agent in animal studies has not been readily translated into success in human clinical trials. There has been a failure to recognize that the relief of symptoms does not equate to change in the underlying biological disorder and great disagreement on indices, which can reliably measure changes in nerve function which translate into changes in the quality of life, activities of daily living, and health of the individual. Here, one will focus on the various measures that have been used for the evaluation of symptoms and those that quantify nerve function and compare and contrast the reasons for failure of different measures neurological deficits, prevention of degeneration of specific small fiber, large fiber and autonomic nerve deficits and those that have potential for reversal of these deficits.
Collective Almost Synchronization in Complex Networks (2012)

This work introduces the phenomenon of Collective Almost Synchronization (CAS), which describes a universal way of how patterns can appear in complex networks even for small coupling strengths. The CAS phenomenon appears due to the existence of an approximately constant local mean field and is characterized by having nodes with trajectories evolving around periodic stable orbits. Common notion based on statistical knowledge would lead one to interpret the appearance of a local constant mean field as a consequence of the fact that the behavior of each node is not correlated to the behaviors of the others. Contrary to this common notion, we show that various well known weaker forms of synchronization (almost, time-lag, phase synchronization, and generalized synchronization) appear as a result of the onset of an almost constant local mean field. If the memory is formed in a brain by minimising the coupling strength among neurons and maximising the number of possible patterns, then the CAS phenomenon is a plausible explanation for it.
Site‐directed Mutagenesis of Key Residues Unveiled a Novel Allosteric Site on Human Adenosine Kinase for Pyrrolobenzoxa(thia)zepinone Non‐Nucleoside Inhibitors (2015)

Most nucleoside kinases, besides the catalytic domain, feature an allosteric domain which modulates their activity. Generally, non-substrate analogs, interacting with allosteric sites, represent a major opportunity for developing more selective and safer therapeutics. We recently developed a series of non-nucleoside non-competitive inhibitors of human adenosine kinase (hAK), based on a pyrrolobenzoxa(thia)zepinone scaffold. Based on computational analysis, we hypothesized the existence of a novel allosteric site on hAK, topographically distinct from the catalytic site. In this study, we have adopted a multidisciplinary approach including molecular modeling, biochemical studies, and site-directed mutagenesis to validate our hypothesis. Based on a three-dimensional model of interaction between hAK and our molecules, we designed, cloned, and expressed specific, single and double point mutants of hAK (Q74A, Q78A, H107A, K341A, F338A, and Q74A-F338A). Kinetic characterization of recombinant enzymes indicated that these mutations did not affect enzyme functioning; conversely, mutated enzymes are endowed of reduced susceptibility to our non-nucleoside inhibitors, while maintaining comparable affinity for nucleoside inhibitors to the wild-type enzyme. This study represents the first characterization and validation of a novel allosteric site in hAK and may pave the way to the development of novel selective and potent non-nucleoside inhibitors of hAK endowed with therapeutic potential.
Low-order models for fast dynamical simulation of MEMS microstructures (2002)

In this paper, are describe how a few simulations of fully meshed dynamical problems can be used to construct efficient low-order models for system-level design of microstructures. We report on the use of this method to capture the measured behaviour of a pressure sensor based on the pull-in time of a beam. Results show that the reduced order model decreases simulation time by at least a factor of 37 while achieving good agreement with experimental data.
Polysaccharide utilization loci of North Sea <i>Flavobacteriia</i> as basis for using SusC/D-protein expression for predicting major phytoplankton glycans (2018)

Marine algae convert a substantial fraction of fixed carbon dioxide into various polysaccharides. Flavobacteriia that are specialized on algal polysaccharide degradation feature genomic clusters termed polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). As knowledge on extant PUL diversity is sparse, we sequenced the genomes of 53 North Sea Flavobacteriia and obtained 400 PULs. Bioinformatic PUL annotations suggest usage of a large array of polysaccharides, including laminarin, α-glucans, and alginate as well as mannose-, fucose-, and xylose-rich substrates. Many of the PULs exhibit new genetic architectures and suggest substrates rarely described for marine environments. The isolates' PUL repertoires often differed considerably within genera, corroborating ecological niche-associated glycan partitioning. Polysaccharide uptake in Flavobacteriia is mediated by SusCD-like transporter complexes. Respective protein trees revealed clustering according to polysaccharide specificities predicted by PUL annotations. Using the trees, we analyzed expression of SusC/D homologs in multiyear phytoplankton bloom-associated metaproteomes and found indications for profound changes in microbial utilization of laminarin, α-glucans, β-mannan, and sulfated xylan. We hence suggest the suitability of SusC/D-like transporter protein expression within heterotrophic bacteria as a proxy for the temporal utilization of discrete polysaccharides.
System Keychain Model (2016)

This document defines a YANG data module for a system-level keychain
mechanism, that might be used to hold onto private keys and
certificates that are trusted by the system advertising support for
this module.