gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Watermarking techniques for electronic delivery of remote sensing images (2002)

Earth observation missions have recently attracted a growing interest, mainly due to the large number of possible applications capable of exploiting remotely sensed data and images. Along with the increase of market potential, the need arises for the protection of the image products. Such a need is a very crucial one, because the Internet and other public/private networks have become preferred means of data exchange. A critical issue arising when dealing with digital image distribution is copyright protection. Such a problem has been largely addressed by resorting to watermarking technology. A question that obviously arises is whether the requirements imposed by remote sensing imagery are compatible with existing watermarking techniques. On the basis of these motivations, the contribution of this work is twofold: assessment of the requirements imposed by remote sensing applications on watermark-based copyright protection, and modification of two well-established digital watermarking techniques to meet such constraints. More specifically, the concept of near-lossless watermarking is introduced and two possible algorithms matching such a requirement are presented. Experimental results are shown to measure the impact of watermark introduction on a typical remote sensing application, i.e., unsupervised image classification. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
The effects of apixaban on hospitalizations in patients with different types of atrial fibrillation: insights from the AVERROES trial (2013)

In AVERROES, patients on apixaban therapy were less likely to be hospitalized. This may have important consequences for patients' well-being and for healthcare resources. This trial is registered underClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00496769.
Uncertainty-Aware Action Advising for Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents (2020)

Although Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been one of the most successful approaches for learning in sequential decision making problems, the sample-complexity of RL techniques still represents a major challenge for practical applications. To combat this challenge, whenever a competent policy (e.g., either a legacy system or a human demonstrator) is available, the agent could leverage samples from this policy (advice) to improve sample-efficiency. However, advice is normally limited, hence it should ideally be directed to states where the agent is uncertain on the best action to execute. In this work, we propose Requesting Confidence-Moderated Policy advice (RCMP), an action-advising framework where the agent asks for advice when its epistemic uncertainty is high for a certain state. RCMP takes into account that the advice is limited and might be suboptimal. We also describe a technique to estimate the agent uncertainty by performing minor modifications in standard value-function-based RL methods. Our empirical evaluations show that RCMP performs better than Importance Advising, not receiving advice, and receiving it at random states in Gridworld and Atari Pong scenarios.
Ca2+ -dependent activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase by vasopressin in isolated hepatocytes (1985)

Vasopressin stimulated gluconeogenesis from proline in hepatocytes from starved rats; this was attributed to an activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2) [Staddon & McGivan (1984) Biochem. J. 217, 477-483]. The role of Ca2+ in the activation mechanism was investigated. (1) In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, vasopressin caused a stimulation of gluconeogenesis and a decrease in cell oxoglutarate content that were markedly transient when compared with the effects in the presence of Ca2+. (2) Ca2+ added to cells stimulated for 2 min by vasopressin in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ sustained the initial effects of vasopressin. Ca2+ added 15 min after vasopressin, a time at which both the rate of gluconeogenesis and the cell oxoglutarate content were close to the control values, caused a stimulation of gluconeogenesis and a decrease in cell oxoglutarate content. (3) Under conditions of cell-Ca2+ depletion, vasopressin had no effect on gluconeogenesis or cell oxoglutarate content. (4) Ionophore A23187 stimulated gluconeogenesis and caused a decrease in cell oxoglutarate content, but the phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate had no effects. (5) These data suggest that the initial activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase by vasopressin is dependent on an intracellular Ca2+ pool and independent of extracellular Ca2+. For activation of a greater duration, a requirement for extracellular Ca2+ occurs. The activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase by A23187 is consistent with a mechanism involving Ca2+, but the lack of effect of 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate indicates that protein kinase C is not involved in the mechanism of activation by vasopressin.
Efficient frontier exploration using towed streamer EM and broadband dual sensor seismic data (2016)

By using a Towed Streamer EM system to acquire Controlled Source EM (CSEM) data it is possible to determine efficiently the sub-surface resistivity at the regional and prospect scale. In addition, 3D broadband dual sensor seismic data enables separated wavefield imaging that produces high resolution images of the sub-surface, and fully populated angle gathers, even when a wide 3D seismic spread is employed in shallow water. The Towed Streamer EM system enables a single vessel to acquire CSEM data at the same time as broadband dual sensor seismic with obvious efficiency benefits. Simultaneous acquisition enables CSEM data to be acquired early in the exploration workflow (e.g. as part of a 2D basin scale survey). It also provides co-located seismic and EM data that can be processed, and interpreted together. The concept has been proved in the Barents Sea by linking known discoveries, undrilled production licenses as well as open acreage. Even when acquiring only CSEM data the Towed Streamer EM system enables large areas to be covered efficiently. For example, in less than four months PGS acquired recently nearly 12 000 km2 of 3D Towed Streamer EM data in the Barents Sea South East. The survey covered all areas nominated for inclusion in the recent Norwegian 23rd licensing round. Part of the EM survey covered 3D broadband dual sensor seismic data that has now been processed using a complete wavefield imaging workflow that, in addition to wavelet shift tomography and full waveform inversion, uses separated wavefield imaging to produce images and gathers that span the complete range of incidence angles. Therefore, Amplitude Versus Angle analysis is possible even for the relatively shallow plays of interest in the Barents Sea South East. Appealing to case studies we demonstrate that valuable prospectivity information can be gained by integrating an unconstrained resistivity with an interpretation of the seismic data, and that the interpretation may be enhanced when only weak structural constraints are employed in the EM inversion. In addition, we illustrate that when both 3D broadband dual sensor seismic and Towed Streamer EM data are available then there is potential to combine both quantitative seismic interpretation (e.g. AVA analysis) and quantitative EM analysis (e.g. prediction of hydrocarbon saturation) to identify leads and develop them into de-risked prospects.
Characterizing the temporal dynamics of gene expression in single cells with sci-fate (2019)

Abstract Gene expression programs are dynamic, e.g. the cell cycle, response to stimuli, normal differentiation and development, etc. However, nearly all techniques for profiling gene expression in single cells fail to directly capture the dynamics of transcriptional programs, which limits the scope of biology that can be effectively investigated. Towards addressing this, we developed sci-fate , a new technique that combines S4U labeling of newly synthesized mRNA with single cell combinatorial indexing (sci-), in order to concurrently profile the whole and newly synthesized transcriptome in each of many single cells. As a proof-of-concept, we applied sci-fate to a model system of cortisol response and characterized expression dynamics in over 6,000 single cells. From these data, we quantify the dynamics of the cell cycle and glucocorticoid receptor activation, while also exploring their intersection. We furthermore use these data to develop a framework for inferring the distribution of cell state transitions. We anticipate sci-fate will be broadly applicable to quantitatively characterize transcriptional dynamics in diverse systems.
Opportunities for single hole-spin control using delocalized states of quantum dot molecules (2010)

We present three unique spin properties of holes in the delocalized states of coupled pairs of InAs quantum dots: resonant changes in the hole g factor, antisymmetric hole molecular ground states, and hole spin mixing. These three properties suggest new opportunities for spin control that are unique to holes and further support holes as a competitive candidate for the storage and manipulation of quantum information.
Towards Robust Deep Learning With Ensemble Networks and Noisy Layers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In this paper we provide an approach for deep learning that protects against adversarial examples in image classification-type networks. The approach relies on two mechanisms:1) a mechanism that increases robustness at the expense of accuracy, and, 2) a mechanism that improves accuracy but does not always increase robustness. We show that an approach combining the two mechanisms can provide protection against adversarial examples while retaining accuracy. We formulate potential attacks on our approach with experimental results to demonstrate its effectiveness. We also provide a robustness guarantee for our approach along with an interpretation for the guarantee.&lt;/p&gt;
Association between redundant endometrium and endometrial polyps: a pilot study (2021)

RE showed biochemical characteristics different from NE. Similar to endometrial polyps, RE showed enhanced cell differentiation, but not cell replication. These changes in RE could be detrimental for embryo implantation and should be of consideration in women undergoing fertility treatments.
Bacterial Noncoding RNAs Excised from within Protein-Coding Transcripts (2018)

Prokaryotic genomes encode a plethora of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that fine-tune the expression of specific genes. The vast majority of known bacterial ncRNAs are encoded from within intergenic regions, where their expression is controlled by promoter and terminator elements, similarly to protein-coding genes. In addition, recent studies have shown that functional ncRNAs can also be derived from gene 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) via an alternative biogenesis pathway, in which the ncRNA segment is separated from the mRNA via RNase cleavage. Here, we report the detection of a large set of decay-generated noncoding RNAs (decRNAs), many of which are completely embedded within protein-coding mRNA regions rather than in the UTRs. We show that these decRNAs are "carved out" of the mRNA through the action of RNase E and that they are predicted to fold into highly stable RNA structures, similar to those of known ncRNAs. A subset of these decRNAs is predicted to interact with Hfq or ProQ or both, which act as ncRNA chaperones, and some decRNAs display evolutionarily conserved sequences and conserved expression patterns between different species. These results suggest that mRNA protein-coding regions may harbor a large set of potentially functional small RNAs.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Bacteria and archaea utilize regulatory small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to control the expression of specific genetic programs. These ncRNAs are almost exclusively encoded within intergenic regions and are independently transcribed. Here, we report on a large set ncRNAs that are "carved out" from within the protein-coding regions of <i>Escherichia coli</i> mRNAs by cellular RNases. These protected mRNA fragments fold into energetically stable RNA structures, reminiscent of those of intergenic regulatory ncRNAs. In addition, a subset of these ncRNAs coprecipitate with the major ncRNA chaperones Hfq and ProQ and display evolutionarily conserved sequences and conserved expression patterns between different bacterial species. Our data suggest that protein-coding genes can potentially act as a reservoir of regulatory ncRNAs.
Interaction between non-adjacent benzoate groups: an extension of the dibenzoate chirality rule (1969)

M. Koreeda, N. Harada and K. Nakanishi, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 548 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000548
On the BER Performance of Hierarchical &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$M$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt;-QAM Constellations With Diversity and Imperfect Channel Estimation (2007)

The analytical bit error rate of hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation formats, which include uniform and nonuniform constellations, over flat Rayleigh fading environments is studied in this paper. The analysis takes into account the effect of imperfect channel estimation and considers diversity reception with both independent identically and nonidentically distributed channels, employing maximal ratio combining.
Computerized prediction of intensive care unit discharge after cardiac surgery: development and validation of a Gaussian processes model (2011)

A GP model that uses PDMS data of the first 4 hours after admission in the ICU of scheduled adult cardiac surgery patients was able to predict discharge from the ICU as a classification as well as a regression task. The GP model demonstrated a significantly better discriminative power than the EuroSCORE and the ICU nurses, and at least as good as predictions done by ICU physicians. The GP model was the only well calibrated model.
Second Workshop: Role of Point Defects/Defect Complexes in Silicon Device Fabrication; Abstracts of Workshop Held 24-26 August 1992, Breckenridge, Colorado (1992)

s are presented of 24 papers, arranged under the following session/panel headings: defects and impurities in commercial photovoltaic Si substrates, point defects and point defect processes, impurity gettering for Si solar cells, gettering in Si solar cells, and passivation of impurities and defects.
The effect of ultraviolet C radiation against different N95 respirators inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

This dose is an appropriate decontamination method to facilitate the reuse of respirators for healthcare personnel when applied to specific models/materials. Also, some straps may require additional disinfection to maximize the safety of frontline workers. Implementation of widespread UVC decontamination methods requires careful consideration of model, material type, design, and fit-testing following irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Novel 12‐O‐Methylerythromycin A Derivatives. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fluorescence light microscopy of F-actin in retinal rods and glial cells. (1987)

The actin cytoskeleton of rod photoreceptors and glial cells in toad retina has been directly viewed using fluorescence microscopy of cells labeled with a potent phallotoxin that specifically binds to F-actin. The three-dimensional organization of this cytoskeletal protein consists of actin filaments, which course through the inner segment and end at the tips of the calycal processes surrounding the base of the outer segment. A transverse layer of actin staining is also observed at the base of rod outer segments in the region where new discs are formed. At the level of the external limiting membrane, evidence has been found for rings of actin within the glial cells that surround the photoreceptors. These actin rings form a structural meshwork in which photoreceptor cells are embedded.
Peripheral Sensory Function Enhanced Using Stochastic Noise Stimulation (2012)

Peripheral neuropathy is common with both aging and disease. This sensory loss can impair the ability to feel trauma or forces during gait increasing the risk of falling, tissue damage, foot ulceration and amputation. We hypothesized that we could improve peripheral tactile sensation in the entire plantar aspect of the foot by applying subsensory electrical noise stimulation to the sensory nerve supplying this area. We applied imperceptible levels of electrical stochastic noise stimulation to a region of the tibial nerve above the ankle. Vibrotactile perception improved in both young and older individuals despite age related neuropathy in the older group. Both groups improved ~16% despite differences in baseline levels. All sites tested showed improvement, indicating that all sensory neurons on the plantar aspect of the foot and travelling down the tibial nerve were affected to a comparable degree. These are the first data to demonstrate that modulation of axon properties with applied electrical noise can improve neural transmission and perception of tactile stimuli. We suggest that the improvement in perception is due to changes in neural synchrony, a hypothesis that is supported by a developed computational model. Currently there are no treatment options for loss of sensory function and this work may have significant implications in the development of treatment models for neurodegenerative conditions.
Data from Inactivation of Citron Kinase Inhibits Medulloblastoma Progression by Inducing Apoptosis and Cell Senescence (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Current treatment for medulloblastoma consists of surgery followed by irradiation of the whole neuraxis and high-dose multiagent chemotherapy, a partially effective strategy associated with highly invalidating side effects. Therefore, identification and validation of novel target molecules capable of contrasting medulloblastoma growth without disturbing brain development is needed. Citron kinase protein (CITK), encoded by primary microcephaly gene &lt;i&gt;MCPH17&lt;/i&gt;, is required for normal proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. Constitutive loss of CITK leads to cytokinesis failure, chromosome instability, and apoptosis in the developing brain, but has limited effects on other tissues. On this basis, we hypothesized that CITK could be an effective target for medulloblastoma treatment. In medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY and ONS-76, CITK knockdown increased both cytokinesis failure and DNA damage, impairing proliferation and inducing cell senescence and apoptosis via TP53 or TP73. Similar effects were obtained in the NeuroD-SmoA1 transgenic mouse model, in which CITK deletion increased apoptotic cells and senescence markers such as P21&lt;sup&gt;CIP1&lt;/sup&gt;, P27&lt;sup&gt;KIP1&lt;/sup&gt;, and P16&lt;sup&gt;INK4A&lt;/sup&gt;. Most importantly, CITK deletion decreased tumor growth and increased overall survival in these mice, with no apparent side effects. These results suggest that CITK can be a useful molecular target for medulloblastoma treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; proof of concept identifies citron kinase protein as a suitable target for medulloblastoma treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Graphical Abstract:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/16/4599/F1.large.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/16/4599/F1.large.jpg&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(16); 4599–612. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Deep Multi-Frame MVDR Filtering for Binaural Noise Reduction (2022)

To improve speech intelligibility and speech quality in noisy environments, binaural noise reduction algorithms for head-mounted assistive listening devices are of crucial importance. Several binaural noise reduction algorithms such as the well-known binaural minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer have been proposed, which exploit spatial correlations of both the target speech and the noise components. Furthermore, for single-microphone scenarios, multi-frame algorithms such as the multi-frame MVDR (MFMVDR) filter have been proposed, which exploit temporal instead of spatial correlations. In this contribution, we propose a binaural extension of the MFMVDR filter, which exploits both spatial and temporal correlations. The binaural MFMVDR filters are embedded in an end-to-end deep learning framework, where the required parameters, i.e., the speech spatio-temporal correlation vectors as well as the (inverse) noise spatio-temporal covariance matrix, are estimated by temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) that are trained by minimizing the mean spectral absolute error loss function. Simulation results comprising measured binaural room impulses and diverse noise sources at signal-to-noise ratios from -5 dB to 20 dB demonstrate the advantage of utilizing the binaural MFMVDR filter structure over directly estimating the binaural multi-frame filter coefficients with TCNs.
SceNDD: A Scenario-based Naturalistic Driving Dataset (2022)

In this paper, we propose SceNDD: a scenario-based naturalistic driving dataset that is built upon data collected from an instrumented vehicle in downtown Indi-anapolis. The data collection was completed in 68 driving sessions with different drivers, where each session lasted about 20–40 minutes. The main goal of creating this dataset is to provide the research community with real driving scenarios that have diverse trajectories and driving behaviors. The dataset contains ego-vehicle's waypoints, velocity, yaw angle, as well as non-ego actor's waypoints, velocity, yaw angle, entry-time, and exit-time. Certain flexibility is provided to users so that actors, sensors, lanes, roads, and obstacles can be added to the existing scenarios. We used a Joint Probabilistic Data Association (JPDA) tracker to detect non-ego vehicles on the road. We present some preliminary results of the proposed dataset and a few applications associated with it. The complete dataset is expected to be released by the end of 2022.
Excimer emission from cathode boundary layer discharges (2004)

The excimer emission from direct current glow discharges between a planar cathode and a ring-shaped anode of 0.75 and 1.5 mm diameter, respectively, separated by a gap of 250 μm, was studied in xenon and argon in a pressure range from 75 to 760 Torr. The thickness of the “cathode boundary layer” plasma, in the 100 μm range, and a discharge sustaining voltage of approximately 200 V, indicates that the discharge is restricted to the cathode fall and the negative glow. The radiant excimer emittance at 172 nm increases with pressure and reaches a value of 4 W/cm2 for atmospheric pressure operation in xenon. The maximum internal efficiency, however, decreases with pressure having highest values of 5% for 75 Torr operation. When the discharge current is reduced below a critical value, the discharge in xenon changes from an abnormal glow into a mode showing self-organization of the plasma. Also, the excimer spectrum changes from one with about equal contributions from the first and second continuum to one that is dominated by the second continuum emission. The xenon excimer emission intensity peaks at this discharge mode transition. In the case of argon, self-organization of the plasma was not seen, but the emission of the excimer radiation (128 nm) again shows a maximum at the transition from abnormal to normal glow. As was observed with xenon, the radiant emittance of argon increases with pressure, and the efficiency decreases. The maximum radiant emittance is 1.6 W/cm2 for argon at 600 Torr. The maximum internal efficiency is 2.5% at 200 Torr. The positive slope of the current–voltage characteristics at maximum excimer emission in both cases indicates the possibility of generating intense, large area, flat excimer lamps.