gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting application resiliency for energy-efficient and adequately-reliable operation (2013)

Summary form only given. Currently, manufacturers go to great lengths for mitigating the effects of parametric variations and scaled supply voltages by adopting conservative layout rules and by introducing several mechanisms providing redundancy on various layers of design abstraction. Such measures may have accomplished to hide any inaccurate behavior of nanometer circuits from the application layers and maintain acceptable yield levels, but unfortunately the large energy, performance, and area overheads that they incur limit their viability, especially as we move beyond the 45nm node. Such a reality has urged us to rethink the current design flows and question if such considerable overhead is really required given that many modern signal-processing workloads such as in multimedia, communications, or biomedical systems are inherently complexity/energy-scalable and can even tolerate a degree of imprecision in their computations and stored data. By taking advantage of this inherent resilience of many applications and trading off output precision and quality of service we could reduce energy usage and reliability costs, since by allowing some computations to be approximate we can alleviate the burden of correctness overhead imposed by the traditional design paradigm. In this paper, we discuss methods that could reveal and exploit the resilience and certain characteristics of biomedical and communication applications for achieving adequately-reliable and energy efficient operation, while limiting or even avoiding the penalties required by traditional approaches.
Enhanced fuel efficiency on tractor-trailers using synthetic jet-based active flow control (2016)

The application of piezo-electrically-driven synthetic-jet-based active flow control to reduce drag on tractor-trailers was explored experimentally in wind tunnel testing as well as full-scale road tests. Aerodynamic drag accounts for more than 50% of the usable energy at highway speeds, a problem that applies primarily to trailer trucks. Therefore, a reduction in aerodynamic drag results in large saving of fuel and reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The active flow control technique that is being used relies on a modular system comprised of distributed, small, highly efficient actuators. These actuators, called synthetic jets, are jets that are synthesized at the edge of an orifice by a periodic motion of a piezoelectric diaphragm(s) mounted on one (or more) walls of a sealed cavity. The synthetic jet is zero net mass flux (ZNMF), but it allows momentum transfer to flow. It is typically driven near diaphragm and/or cavity resonance, and therefore, small electric input [O(10W)] is required. Another advantage of this actuator is that no plumbing is required. The system doesn’t require changes to the body of the truck, can be easily reconfigured to various types of vehicles, and consumes small amounts of electrical power from the existing electrical system of the truck. Preliminary wind tunnel results showed up to 18% reduction in fuel consumption, whereas road tests also showed very promising results.
Structure and thermal stabilities of coal liquid vacuum residues produced from an Australian brown coal. (1988)

The thermal stabilities of two coal liquid vacuum residues produced from Morwell brown coal under the conditions of 430°C-20min and-60min (abbreviated as CLVR-M1 and-M2, respectively) were studied to compare their structure and composition. CLVR-M1 lost its HI-BS and BI-THFS fractions from 65 to 40%, gaining more THFI fraction (15→38%) by the heattreatment at 300°C for 10h under nitrogen flow. In contrast, CLVR-M2 gained both of HS and THFI fractions from 11 to 17% and from 11 to 21%, respectively, by the same treatment. The heattreatment under pressure of nitrogen at 300°C or with tetrahydrofluoranthene (4HFL) at 450°C increased the HS fraction of both CLVRs with decreas-ing their THFI fraction, although the extent of depolymerization was larger for CLVR-M2 than that for CLVR-M1.Such thermal stabilities reflect their structure. CLVR-M1 contained more amounts of heavier fractions than CLVR-M2. The lighter fractions (HS and HI-BS) of the former residue carried more alkyl groups to initiate radical reactions and less naphthenic rings for the hydrogen donation. The BI-THFS fraction of CLVR-M1 carried more oxygen-containing groups.Such structural characteristic may be reasons of its higher polycondensation-reactivity and more difficulty for the hydrogen transferring depolymerization.
Synthesis of Modified Oligonucleotides and Conjugates (2005)

Peer Reviewed
Intramolekular stabilisierte Organogalliumverbindungen (1988)

Eine Azagallapropellanstruktur hat Verbindung 1, in der die GaR3-Einheit intramolekular durch das N-Atom einer Amingruppe stabilisiert ist. Ga hat trigonal-pyramidale Umgebung. 1 entsteht aus GaCl3 und dem Grignard-Derivat von Tris(3,3′,3″-chlorpropyl)amin. Trotz der koordinativ ungeschützten Pyramidenbasis ist 1 erstaunlich beständig, z. B. gegenüber Sauerstoff.
Shrinkage of experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia and reduction of prostatic cell volume by a gastrin-releasing peptide antagonist (2013)

Gastrin releasing-peptide (GRP) is a potent growth factor in many malignancies. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive age-related proliferation of glandular and stromal tissues; various growth factors and inflammatory processes are involved in its pathogenesis. We have demonstrated that potent antagonists of GRP inhibit growth of experimental human tumors including prostate cancer, but their effect on models of BPH has not been studied. Here, we evaluated the effects of GRP antagonist RC-3940-II on viability and cell volume of BPH-1 human prostate epithelial cells and WPMY-1 prostate stromal cells in vitro, and in testosterone-induced BPH in Wistar rats in vivo. RC-3940-II inhibited the proliferation of BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner and reduced prostatic cell volume in vitro. Shrinkage of prostates was observed after 6 wk of treatment with RC-3940-II: a 15.9% decline with 25 μg/d; and a 18.4% reduction with 50 μg/d (P < 0.05 for all). Significant reduction in levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, NF-κβ/p50, cyclooxygenase-2, and androgen receptor was also seen. Analysis of transcript levels of genes related to growth, inflammatory processes, and signal transduction showed significant changes in the expression of more than 90 genes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, GRP antagonists reduce volume of human prostatic cells and lower prostate weight in experimental BPH through direct inhibitory effects on prostatic GRP receptors. GRP antagonists should be considered for further development as therapy for BPH.
Pinning energies of organic semiconductors in high-efficiency organic solar cells (2023)

Abstract With the emergence of new materials for high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs), understanding and finetuning the interface energetics become increasingly important. Precise determination of the so-called pinning energies, one of the critical characteristics of the material to predict the energy level alignment (ELA) at either electrode/organic or organic/organic interfaces, are urgently needed for the new materials. Here, pinning energies of a wide variety of newly developed donors and non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are measured through ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The positive pinning energies of the studied donors and the negative pinning energies of NFAs are in the same energy range of 4.3−4.6 eV, which follows the design rules developed for fullerene-based OSCs. The ELA for metal/organic and inorganic/organic interfaces follows the predicted behavior for all of the materials studied. For organic–organic heterojunctions where both the donor and the NFA feature strong intramolecular charge transfer, the pinning energies often underestimate the experimentally obtained interface vacuum level shift, which has consequences for OSC device performance.
[Diverticula of the right colon. The diagnosis and treatment of complications]. (1997)

The purpose of this study is to emphasize the epidemiological, etiologic and clinical features of right-sided colonic diverticula, and the diagnostic and therapeutic management of their complications.
Time-resolved terahertz time-domain near-field microscopy (2018)

We demonstrate a novel method for measuring terahertz (THz) photoconductivity of semiconductors on length scales smaller than the diffraction limit at THz frequencies. This method is based on a near-ﬁeld microscope that measures the transmission of a THz pulse through the semiconductor following photoexcitation by an ultrafast laser pulse. Combining back-excitation of the sample using a Dove prism, and a dual lock-in detection scheme, our microscope design offers a ﬂexible platform for near-ﬁeld time-resolved THz time-domain spectroscopy, using ﬂuences available to typical laser oscillators. Experimental results on a thin ﬁlm of gallium arsenide grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are presented as a proof-of-concept, demonstrating the ability to map the complex conductivity as well as sub-ps dynamics of photoexcited carriers with a resolution of λ/10 at 0.5 THz.
Liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis synthesis of oxide nanopowders for the processing of ceramic composites (2015)

In the liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF-FSP) process, alcohol solutions of metalloorganic precursors are aerosolized by O2 and combusted. The metal oxide combustion products are rapidly quenched (< 10 ms) from flame temperatures of 1500°C to temperatures < 400° C, limiting particle growth. The resulting nanopowders are typically agglomerated but unaggregated. Here, we demonstrate two processing approaches to dense materials: nanopowders with the exact composition, and mixed single metal oxide nanopowders. The effect of the initial degree of phase separation on the final microstructures was determined by sintering studies. Our first studies included the production of yttrium aluminum garnet, Y3Al5O12 (YAG), tubes which we extruded from a thermoplastic/ceramic blend. At equivalent final densities, we found finer grain sizes in the from the mixed Y2O¬3 and Al2O3 nanopowders, which was attributed to densification occurring before full transformation to the YAG phase. The enhanced densification in production of pure YAG from the reactive sintering process led us to produce composites in the YAG/α-Al2O3 system. Finally, a third Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) phase was added to further refine grain sizes using the same two processing approaches. In a separate study, single-phase metastable Al2O3 rich spinels with the composition MO•3Al2O3 where M = Mg, Ni, and Co were sintered to produce dense MAl2O4/α-Al2O3 composites. All of these studies provide a test of the bottom-up approach; that is, how the initial length scale of mixing affects the final composite microstructure. Overall, the length scale of mixing is highly dependent upon the specific oxide composites studied. This work provides a processing framework to be adopted by other researchers to further refine microstructural size. LF-FSP flame temperatures were mapped using different alcohols with different heats of combustion: methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and n-butanol. The effect of different alcohols on particle size and phase was determined through studies on Al2O3, Y2O3 and TiO2 nanopowders. The final studies describe the morphology of composite nanopowders produced in the WO3-TiO2 and CuO-TiO2 systems. The composite nanopowders have novel morphology, and may offer novel electronic, optical, or catalytic properties.
Identification and quantification of phytoprostanes and phytofurans of coffee and cocoa by- and co-products (2019)

Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) are isoprostanoids that result from the peroxidation of α-linolenic acid and are biomarkers of oxidative stress in plants and humans. These compounds exhibit several interesting biological activities (e.g. neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory activities). The aim of this research was to add value to coffee pulp (CP), cocoa husk (CH) and cocoa pod husk (CPH) by identifying and quantifying PhytoPs and PhytoFs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The contents of PhytoPs and PhytoFs in CP, CH, and CPH were, respectively, 654.6, 474.3 and 179.9, and 543.2, 278.0 and 393.8 ng per g dry weight (dw). The main PhytoP found in CP (171.37 ng per g dw) and CPH (37.12 ng per g dw) was 9-epi-9-F1t-PhytoP, while ent-9-L1t-PhytoP was the most abundant in CH (109.78 ng per g dw). The main PhytoF found in all sources was ent-16(RS)-13-epi-ST-Δ14-9-PhytoF, at 196.56, 126.22, and 207.57 ng per g dw in CP, CH, and CPH, respectively. We provide the first complete profile of PhytoPs and PhytoFs for these agro-residues, which could be used in the functional food industry for enriching food or as nutritional supplements.
Application of electrolaminates for the development of biomimetic morphing unmanned aerial vehicles (2023)

Morphing aircraft offer the promise of performance that can be optimized for a range of flight profiles. But such capability places challenging demands on the morphing system that cannot easily be met with conventional actuators or smart materials. Electrolaminates use electrostatic forces controlled by the application of a voltage (typically high-voltage but extremely low-current) to controllably bond or unbond layers of a laminated composite structure together. Such on-demand bonding can be used to effectively change the stiffness of the structure or control elongation or twist of the structure. This technology has multiple benefits compared to other smart material or conventional actuator-driven approaches; it is thin and light, has very low energy requirements, and offers rapid response capabilities controlled by simple electronics. These capabilities can enable bio-inspired morphing with large numbers of degrees of freedom and high spatial resolution. We designed, fabricated, and tested a fully functional morphing-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with telescoping wings and a splaying, bird-like tail enabled by electrolaminates. Key features of the current UAV configuration include: a variable wingspan of 1.2–2.4 m with a corresponding change in the wing area of nearly a factor of four; no vertical tail; and a horizontal tail area variable by a factor of three. The ability to asymmetrically control the tail area allows for independent pitch and body circulation control. The tail area is changed by a separate electrolaminate clamping mechanism. The variable-area tail uses ‘feathers’ that can be overlapped or splayed as needed. The practical shape-changing is enabled by electrolaminate materials that can rapidly lock the orientation of the feathers. The electrolaminate clutches support more than 5 nm of torque and are sufficient to resist expected flight loads. We also designed, fabricated, and tested other morphing-wing designs enabled by electrolaminate technology to create a wing with smoothly sliding skin that is capable of changing chord and camber with a single linear actuator. Our results suggest that electrolaminates can practically enable bio-inspired, small (Group 1 and 2) morphing UAVs.
Formalization of the classification pattern: survey of classification modeling in information systems engineering (2016)

Formalization is becoming more common in all stages of the development of information systems, as a better understanding of its benefits emerges. Classification systems are ubiquitous, no more so than in domain modeling. The classification pattern that underlies these systems provides a good case study of the move toward formalization in part because it illustrates some of the barriers to formalization, including the formal complexity of the pattern and the ontological issues surrounding the "one and the many." Powersets are a way of characterizing the (complex) formal structure of the classification pattern, and their formalization has been extensively studied in mathematics since Cantor's work in the late nineteenth century. One can use this formalization to develop a useful benchmark. There are various communities within information systems engineering (ISE) that are gradually working toward a formalization of the classification pattern. However, for most of these communities, this work is incomplete, in that they have not yet arrived at a solution with the expressiveness of the powerset benchmark. This contrasts with the early smooth adoption of powerset by other information systems communities to, for example, formalize relations. One way of understanding the varying rates of adoption is recognizing that the different communities have different historical baggage. Many conceptual modeling communities emerged from work done on database design, and this creates hurdles to the adoption of the high level of expressiveness of powersets. Another relevant factor is that these communities also often feel, particularly in the case of domain modeling, a responsibility to explain the semantics of whatever formal structures they adopt. This paper aims to make sense of the formalization of the classification pattern in ISE and surveys its history through the literature, starting from the relevant theoretical works of the mathematical literature and gradually shifting focus to the ISE literature. The literature survey follows the evolution of ISE's understanding of how to formalize the classification pattern. The various proposals are assessed using the classical example of classification; the Linnaean taxonomy formalized using powersets as a benchmark for formal expressiveness. The broad conclusion of the survey is that (1) the ISE community is currently in the early stages of the process of understanding how to formalize the classification pattern, particularly in the requirements for expressiveness exemplified by powersets, and (2) that there is an opportunity to intervene and speed up the process of adoption by clarifying this expressiveness. Given the central place that the classification pattern has in domain modeling, this intervention has the potential to lead to significant improvements.
The interplay of local electron correlations and ultrafast spin dynamics in fcc Ni (2023)

The complex electronic structure of metallic ferromagnets is determined by a balance between exchange interaction, electron hopping leading to band formation, and local Coulomb repulsion. By combining high energy and temporal resolution in femtosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy with ab initio time-dependent density functional theory we analyze the electronic structure in fcc Ni on the time scale of these interactions in a pump-probe experiment. We distinguish transient broadening and energy shifts in the absorption spectra, which we demonstrate to be captured by electron repopulation respectively correlation-induced modifications of the electronic structure, requiring to take the local Coulomb interaction into account.
Reliability-Based Soft-Decision Decoding With Multiple Biases (2007)

In this paper, a new reliability-based soft-decision decoding algorithm is presented. This algorithm repeatedly uses biased reliability values to construct the most-reliable-basis (MRB). As a result, this new method makes use of multiple information sets in a stochastic way. Compared to previously proposed competitive approaches, this new method produces a more efficient MRB reprocessing type algorithm to achieve near maximum-likelihood decoding (MLD) performance with a proper choice of the bias value. It can be combined with any MRB reprocessing type algorithm and in each case, a tight performance analysis can be derived
Supplementary Figure 3 from Opposing Effects of Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor on Breast Cancer Cell versus Neuronal Survival: Implication for Brain Metastasis and Metastasis-Induced Brain Damage (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.3MB&lt;/p&gt;
Glimmers: Resolving the Privacy/Trust Quagmire (2017)

Many successful services rely on trustworthy contributions from users. To establish that trust, such services often require access to privacy-sensitive information from users, thus creating a conflict between privacy and trust. Although it is likely impractical to expect both absolute privacy and trustworthiness at the same time, we argue that the current state of things, where individual privacy is usually sacrificed at the altar of trustworthy services, can be improved with a pragmatic $Glimmer$ $of$ $Trust$, which allows services to validate user contributions in a trustworthy way without forfeiting user privacy. We describe how trustworthy hardware such as Intel's SGX can be used client-side -- in contrast to much recent work exploring SGX in cloud services -- to realize the Glimmer architecture, and demonstrate how this realization is able to resolve the tension between privacy and trust in a variety of cases.
An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the &lt;em&gt;In Vivo&lt;/em&gt; Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses (2017)

Airway inflammation is often associated with bacterial infections and represents a major determinant of lung disease. The in vivo determination of the pro-inflammatory capabilities of various factors is challenging and requires terminal procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavage and the removal of lungs for in situ analysis, precluding longitudinal visualization in the same mouse. Here, lung inflammation is induced through the intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture supernatant (SN) in transiently transgenized mice expressing the luciferase reporter gene under the control of a heterologous IL-8 bovine promoter. Luciferase expression in the lung is monitored by in vivo bioluminescent image (BLI) analysis over a 2.5- to 48-h timeframe following the instillation. The procedure can be repeated multiple times within 2 - 3 months, thus permitting the evaluation of the inflammatory response in the same mice without the need to terminate the animals. This approach permits the monitoring of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors acting in the lung in real time and appears suitable for functional and pharmacological studies.
Syntheses, crystal structures and anion-exchange properties of copper(<scp>ii</scp>) and cadmium(<scp>ii</scp>) complexes containing a novel tripodal ligand (2004)

Four novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cu(3)2](ClO4)2·0.67H2O (4), [Cu(3)2][Cu(mal)2]·6H2O (mal2− = −OCOCH2COO−) (5), [Cd(3)2](NO3)2·H2O, (6) and [Cd(3)(OAc)2]·6H2O (7), were obtained by self-assembly of the corresponding metal salts with a novel flexible tripodal ligand, 1-(1-imidazolyl)-3,5-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (3), and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Complex 4 has a 2D network structure in which 3 shows two different coordination modes, one kind of 3 acts as a three-connecting ligand and the other one serves as a two-connecting (bridging) ligand using its two flexible arms. Complex 5 has an infinite 1D hinged chain structure in which only two of three imidazole groups of 3 are coordinated with the metal atoms while the last one is uncoordinated. In complexes 6 and 7, the metal centers are all six-coordinated; 6 has a 2D honeycomb and 7 has a 2D grid network structure, respectively. Ligand 3 has a trans conformation in 7, which is different from that in complexes 4 (cis and L-shaped), 5 (cis) and 6 (cis). The anion-exchange properties of complex 6 were investigated.