gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering Cellular Resistance to HIV-1 Infection In Vivo Using a Dual Therapeutic Lentiviral Vector (2015)

We described earlier a dual-combination anti-HIV type 1 (HIV-1) lentiviral vector (LVsh5/C46) that downregulates CCR5 expression of transduced cells via RNAi and inhibits HIV-1 fusion via cell surface expression of cell membrane-anchored C46 antiviral peptide. This combinatorial approach has two points of inhibition for R5-tropic HIV-1 and is also active against X4-tropic HIV-1. Here, we utilize the humanized bone marrow, liver, thymus (BLT) mouse model to characterize the in vivo efficacy of LVsh5/C46 (Cal-1) vector to engineer cellular resistance to HIV-1 pathogenesis. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) either nonmodified or transduced with LVsh5/C46 vector were transplanted to generate control and treatment groups, respectively. Control and experimental groups displayed similar engraftment and multilineage hematopoietic differentiation that included robust CD4+ T-cell development. Splenocytes isolated from the treatment group were resistant to both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 during ex vivo challenge experiments. Treatment group animals challenged with R5-tropic HIV-1 displayed significant protection of CD4+ T-cells and reduced viral load within peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues up to 14 weeks postinfection. Gene-marking and transgene expression were confirmed stable at 26 weeks post-transplantation. These data strongly support the use of LVsh5/C46 lentiviral vector in gene and cell therapeutic applications for inhibition of HIV-1 infection.
Linkage between circadian clock and tricarboxylic acid cycle in Arabidopsis (2009)

The transcriptional/translational feedback loop is thought to play a central role in the circadian clock in Arabidopsis. The loop includes close paralogs of MYB transcription factors CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1, PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 1[PRR1]), PRR9, PRR7 and PRR5. The prr9 prr7 prr5 triple mutants (d975) and overexpression line of CCA1 (CCA1-ox) are arrhythmic under continuous light conditions followed by light and dark cycles. We recently demonstrated a tight link between the circadian clock and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, from the metabolome analysis of d975. The levels of metabolites belonging to TCA cycle, such as 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, citrate and malate increased in d975, whereas those of arginine and ornithine decreased. In this addendum, we further demonstrate that metabolism belonging to TCA cycle in CCA1-ox was partly similar to that of d975. This profiling also supported the linkage between circadian clock and metabolism associated to TCA cycle.
Rule Extraction from Neural Networks Formed Using a Random Optimization Method with Deterministic Mutation (1998)

This paper presents a method of extracting rules from neural networks trained using a random optimization method (ROM) with deterministic mutation (DM). The DM is performed on the basis of the result of neural network structure learning. The ROM with the DM is utilized to reduce the number of network connections for iris data. The network connections survived after training represent rules to perform pattern classification for the iris data. The rules are then extracted from the neural network in which hidden units use signum output functions to produce binary values. It enables us to extract simple logical functions from the network. Simulation results for the iris data show this method can generate simple rules compared with conventional methods.
Erfolgreiche ziel-gerichtete Tumortherapie bei einem Patienten mit metastasiertem neuroendokrinen Tumor des Pankreas und zugrunde liegender Keimbahnmutation im TSC2 Gen (2016)

Einleitung: Die Behandlung fortgeschrittener neuroendokriner Tumorerkrankungen ist trotz vieler neuer Therapieansätze weiterhin eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung. Insbesondere die Frage nach gezielter Therapie bei genetisch-bedingter Tumorerkrankung und nach prädiktiven Markern für ein Therapieansprechen ist bisher nicht ausreichend beantwortet.
Assessment of Out-of-Channel Interference Effects on IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

The impact of out-of-channel interference on IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks (WSNs) performance is here dealt with. In particular, the effect on networks based on the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol is investigated. To this aim, a theoretical analysis of the problem is outlined, and results from both simulations and experiments are provided. Measurements are performed both at physical layer, through parameters like in-channel power, and at network layer, through packet error ratio estimates. The purpose is to provide from simulations and experiments a set of helpful information and hints to be used for an efficient measurement and troubleshoot of interference problems caused on IEEE 802.15.4 WSNs by out-of-band signals.
Elevated pretreatment serum activin A and progression-free and overall survival in trastuzumab-treated metastatic breast cancer. (2012)

607 Background: About half of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients will respond tofirst-line trastuzumab-containing therapy, but most will progress within a year. Trastuzumab resistance remains a vexing clinical problem, and better predictive and prognostic biomarkers are needed. Activin A is a TGF-B superfamily member and regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and immune response. Methods: Serum activin A was measured using ELISA (R&amp;D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) in 60 metastatic breast cancer patients before starting first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox modeling with both continuous and dichotomous (median) serum activin A analyses. Results: Pretreatment serum activin A levels averaged 2376 pg/ml, and had a median of 629 pg/ml and 25 th and 75 th quartile values of 406 and 1791 pg/ml, respectively. Patients who were hormone receptor negative had significantly higher activin A levels (median 1287 vs 450 pg/ml, p=0.002). Higher serum activin A was significant on a continuous basis for predicting reduced PFS to first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy (p&lt;0.003), and for predicting shorter OS (p&lt;0.0001). When analyzed using a dichotomous (median) cutpoint, the elevated serum activin A cohort had a significantly reduced PFS (HR 2.79, p &lt;0. 002) (median 6.6 mo vs. 31.1 mo) and OS (HR 5.24, p &lt;0.0001) (median 19.6 mo vs. median not reached). In multivariate analysis for PFS with other covariates (age, line of therapy, CA 15-3, and hormone receptor status), activin A was the only significant covariate (p=0.021). In multivariate analysis for OS, activin A (p=0.002) and CA 15-3 (p=0.03) remained significant as prognostic factors. Conclusions: Elevated pretreatment serum activin A predicts reduced PFS and overall survival in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. Activin A deserves further study as an adverse biomarker, and to select patients most likely to respond to activin A-targeted therapy.
Code design metrics for space-time systems under arbitrary fading (2002)

This paper presents a worst-case pairwise codeword error probability analysis, under arbitrary block fading, for wireless communication systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas. Our results generalize the Rayleigh-fading space-time code design criteria (full rank and maximum determinant) to arbitrary fading.
Microbiota Modulating Nutritional Approaches to Countering the Effects of Viral Respiratory Infections Including SARS-CoV-2 through Promoting Metabolic and Immune Fitness with Probiotics and Plant Bioactives (2020)

Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) can spread quickly and cause enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. These events pose serious threats to public health due to time lags in developing vaccines to activate the acquired immune system. The high variability of people's symptomatic responses to viral infections, as illustrated in the current COVID-19 pandemic, indicates the potential to moderate the severity of morbidity from VRIs. Growing evidence supports roles for probiotic bacteria (PB) and prebiotic dietary fiber (DF) and other plant nutritional bioactives in modulating immune functions. While human studies help to understand the epidemiology and immunopathology of VRIs, the chaotic nature of viral transmissions makes it difficult to undertake mechanistic study where the pre-conditioning of the metabolic and immune system could be beneficial. However, recent experimental studies have significantly enhanced our understanding of how PB and DF, along with plant bioactives, can significantly modulate innate and acquired immunity responses to VRIs. Synbiotic combinations of PB and DF potentiate increased benefits primarily through augmenting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate. These and specific plant polyphenolics help to regulate immune responses to both restrain VRIs and temper the neutrophil response that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review highlights the current understanding of the potential impact of targeted nutritional strategies in setting a balanced immune tone for viral clearance and reinforcing homeostasis. This knowledge may guide the development of public health tactics and the application of functional foods with PB and DF components as a nutritional approach to support countering VRI morbidity.
CEO Attitudes and Motivations: Are They Different for High-Performing Organizations? (2012)

This article details the findings from an exploratory, mixed-method, multiple case study on the motivational and attitudinal patterns (MAPs) of CEOs who have led successful organization transformations. The paper identifies six differentiating MAPs based on the analysis of results from the iWAM survey and in-depth interviews with Baldrige Award recipient CEOs. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, the authors found that CEOs from Baldrige Award recipient companies have six identifiable differences when it comes to motivation and attitudes associated with their role of transforming organizations to achieve performance excellence including: need to drive continuous evolution, high focus on systems, low need for sole responsibility, high focus on learning from the past, high focus on information, and low tolerance for actions that are inconsistent with the values of the organization. These six patterns are consistent with the Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence. Implications of these findings also serve as a facilitator for the development of leaders of performance excellence, as well as future research directions.
Evaporation and Expansion of Poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene Induced by Irradiation of Soft X-Rays from a Figure-8 Undulator (2001)

The effects of soft X-ray irradiation of poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene (PTFE) have been investigated using a figure-8 undulator. In the case of high-intensity irradiation, the surface temperature of the irradiated region increased and PTFE near the surface was evaporated effectively. In contrast, the PTFE surface swelled by the under low-intensity irradiation with the insertion of Al filters more than 9 µm thick. This reaction was found to be strongly dependent on the flux. The surface profile is largely determined by the relationship between fragment desorption and porous structure generation, and an increase in the surface temperature enhances the fragment desorption and has considerable influence on the surface profile. Al filter insertion decreases the flux and suppresses low-energy photons which are absorbed near the surface. Hence irradiated photons are composed of high-energy photons which penetrate deeply, and the surface temperature is difficult to increase by Al-filter-inserted irradiation.
Expression of Endothelin-2 (ET-2) Gene in a Human Renal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (1991)

It has been found that human renal adenocarcinoma ACHN cells synthesize and secrete immunoreactive endothelin (ir-ET) in the culture medium. Partial characterization of this material with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) suggested that ACHN cells synthesized only human endothelin-2 (ET-2). Isolation and characterization of this ir-ET-2 has revealed that this peptide has almost the same amino acid sequence and molecular weight as that of human ET-2 deduced from the nucleotide sequence of cloned human ET-2 gene. To delineate the precise structure of human ET-2 precursor, ET-2 cDNAs were cloned from a cDNA library constructed with mRNA derived from the ACHN cells, and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were determined. The ET-2 cDNA that has the longest open reading frame encodes prepro-ET-2 protein, consisting of 178 amino acid residues. The ET-like sequence found in the prepro-ET-1 and -ET-3 was also conserved in this prepro-ET-2. The Northern blot analysis of mRNA revealed that the transcript of the human ET-2 gene was 1.4 kb.
Rectifying characteristics of thin film self-switching devices with ZnO deposited by atomic layer deposition (2012)

To realise a rectifying device utilising ZnO, self-switching devices (SSDs) have been fabricated using ZnO thin films. The SSDs do not require a p-type doping junction or a Schottky barrier. At first, normally-off ZnO thin film transistors were fabricated, which exhibited control of threshold voltage by the channel length. Thin film SSDs using a thin film transistor structure were successfully fabricated by connecting the gate electrode with the source electrode. Finally, half-wave rectification using thin film SSDs is demonstrated, which reveals the possibility of ZnO thin film SSDs for power supply.
On Locality in Distributed Storage Systems (2012)

This paper studies the design of codes for distributed storage systems (DSS) that enable local repair in the event of node failure. This paper presents locally repairable codes based on low degree multivariate polynomials. Its code construction mechanism extends work on Noisy Interpolating Set by Dvir et al. \cite{dvir2011}. The paper presents two classes of codes that allow node repair to be performed by contacting 2 and 3 surviving nodes respectively. It further shows that both classes are good in terms of their rate and minimum distance, and allow their rate to be bartered for greater flexibility in the repair process.
Accuracy of Dynamic Isometric Force Production: The Influence of Age and Bimanual Activation Patterns (2000)

The purpose of this study was to investigate how children and adults control bimanual activities with the influence of kinematic variables minimized. Force and timing measures were analyzed in self-paced, isometric bimanual pinch tasks performed by 6-, 8-, 10-, 12-year-old, and adult subjects. Subjects (n = 84) performed four tasks (inphase symmetrical, antiphase reciprocal, inphase asymmetrical force-right high, inphase asymmetrical force-left high) cycling between low levels (10--30%) of maximal volitional force during three 15-s trials. Bimanual tasks requiring similar activation between the hands were performed more accurately, more quickly, and with less force and timing variability than tasks requiring different actions and/or levels of force to be produced simultaneously. Evidence of force entrainment between the hands was exhibited when force direction (increasing vs. decreasing) was similar between hands but greater relative force was required of the left hand. Lower accuracy and greater variability resulted when controlled decrement of force was required to reach the lower force targets as opposed to the upper force targets which required subjects to increase force. Subjects in the two youngest age groups exhibited lower force accuracy and greater force and timing variability relative to older children and adults. Twelve-year-old subjects approximated adults' performance in all variables.
Multiparameter Continuous Physiological Monitoring Technologies in Neonates Among Health Care Providers and Caregivers at a Private Tertiary Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya: Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability Study (Preprint) (2021)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Continuous physiological monitoring technologies are important for strengthening hospital care for neonates, particularly in resource-constrained settings, and understanding user perspectives is critical for informing medical technology design, development, and optimization. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study aims to assess the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of 2 noninvasive, multiparameter, continuous physiological monitoring technologies for use in neonates in an African health care setting. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We assessed 2 investigational technologies from EarlySense and Sibel, compared with the reference Masimo Rad-97 technology through in-depth interviews and direct observations. A purposive sample of health care administrators, health care providers, and caregivers at Aga Khan University Hospital, a tertiary, private hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, were included. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach in NVivo 12 software. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Between July and August 2020, we interviewed 12 health care providers, 5 health care administrators, and 10 caregivers and observed the monitoring of 12 neonates. Staffing and maintenance of training in neonatal units are important feasibility considerations, and simple training requirements support the feasibility of the investigational technologies. Key usability characteristics included ease of use, wireless features, and reduced number of attachments connecting the neonate to the monitoring technology, which health care providers considered to increase the efficiency of care. The main factors supporting acceptability included caregiver-highlighted perceptions of neonate comfort and health care respondent technology familiarity. Concerns about the side effects of wireless connections, electromagnetic fields, and mistrust of unfamiliar technologies have emerged as possible acceptability barriers to investigational technologies. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Overall, respondents considered the investigational technologies feasible, usable, and acceptable for the care of neonates at this health care facility. Our findings highlight the potential of different multiparameter continuous physiological monitoring technologies for use in different neonatal care settings. Simple and user-friendly technologies may help to bridge gaps in current care where there are many neonates; however, challenges in maintaining training and ensuring feasibility within resource-constrained health care settings warrant further research. </sec> <sec> <title>INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT</title> RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035184 </sec>
LENZILUMAB OUTCOMES ACCORDING TO RACE OF COVID-19 PARTICIPANTS IN THE LIVE-AIR PHASE 3 TRIAL (2022)

ABSTRACT RATIONALE The hyperinflammatory immune response of COVID-19, in part orchestrated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can lead to respiratory failure and death with disparities in outcomes between racial subgroups. In the LIVE-AIR trial, the GM-CSF neutralizing antibody lenzilumab improved survival without mechanical ventilation (SWOV) in COVID-19. OBJECTIVE An analysis of outcomes was performed to determine differences between Black/African American (B/AA) and White participants in LIVE-AIR. METHODS LIVE-AIR was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia were randomized 1:1 to receive lenzilumab (1800 mg total) or placebo in addition to standard of care, including remdesivir and/or corticosteroids. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Lenzilumab, compared to placebo, numerically improved the likelihood of SWOV (primary endpoint) in B/AA (n=71; 86.8% vs 70.9%; HR, 2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-8.11; p=0.0814) and White (n=343; 85.1% vs 80.8%; HR, 1.41; 95%CI, 0.85-2.35, p=0.182) participants. A statistically significant improvement in SWOV was observed in B/AA (HR: 8.9; 95%CI: 1.08, 73.09; p=0.0418) and White (HR: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.17, 4.61; p=0.0166) participants with baseline CRP&lt;150 mg/L. Lenzilumab numerically, but not statistically, improved secondary endpoints of IMV, ECMO or mortality; ventilator-free days; ICU days and time to recovery in either race while ventilator-free days, ICU days, and time to recovery were statistically improved in B/AA participants with baseline CRP&lt;150 mg/L. Lenzilumab was well tolerated without differences in serious adverse events regardless of race. CONCLUSION Lenzilumab significantly improved SWOV and some key secondary outcomes in B/AA COVID-19 participants with baseline CRP&lt;150 mg/L. NCT04351152
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of Dibenzofurans by a Free‐Radical Cyclization. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
&lt;title&gt;Phase correction in a laser chain using an optically addressed LC SLM&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

We show wave front correction of a 300 fs/60J laser pulse serie. This correction is based on an optically addressed liquid crystal optical valve (OASLM) which induces high resolution phase modulations. When performed before complete thermal relaxation of the laser Nd:glass amplifiers, this correction allows to increase the system repetition rate by a factor three.
Natural products as a source of anti-herpes simplex virus agents (2012)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is the major cause of neonatal and sporadic encephalitis as well as genital herpes globally. Although acyclovir (ACV) and related nucleoside analogs are valuable drugs for the treatment of infection and the suppression of dissemination, HSV remains highly prevalent worldwide. The emergence of resistance to ACV has also created an obstacle for the treatment of HSV-infected immunocompromised patients and highlights the need for new, safe and effective antiviral agents. Natural products, particularly traditional medicines, which have provided multiple novel drug leads, are known to be an important source of anti-HSV agents, even though their mechanisms of action and targets are unknown. In recent years, potential targets for anti-HSV agents have been identified, and these may be the targets of the effective natural products whose mechanisms are currently unknown. This review will focus on anti-HSV herbs, extracts, fractions and compounds from natural sources, in addition to potential anti-HSV targets. By creating a summary of the characteristics of active anti-HSV compounds and using that summary to mine natural product databases, a better drug discovery paradigm may be found.
Full-bore simulation for plasma-driven railguns (1995)

The authors have embarked on a program to develop a full-bore simulation of the railgun plasma armature. The simulation extends from the back of the projectile to the breech of the railgun, thereby treating explicitly the entire bore. The extent of the armature is unrestricted, and the armature is allowed to grow into the background gas as dictated by physical interactions. This paper documents their progress to date in achieving this full-bore simulation. Most of the activities have focused on formulating the defining equations and boundary conditions, and implementing (and then validating) a numerical technique capable of resolving the steep gradients that they expect to encounter in the simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>