gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EcoFlow: Efficient Convolutional Dataflows on Low-Power Neural Network Accelerators (2023)

Dilated and transposed convolutions are widely used in modern convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These kernels are used extensively during CNN training and inference of applications such as image segmentation and high-resolution image generation. We find that commonly-used low-power CNN inference accelerators are <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">not</i> optimized for both these convolutional kernels. Dilated and transposed convolutions introduce significant zero padding when mapped to the underlying spatial architecture, significantly degrading performance and energy efficiency. Existing approaches that address this issue require significant design changes to the otherwise simple, efficient, and well-adopted architectures used to compute direct convolutions. To address this challenge, we propose EcoFlow, a new set of dataflows and mapping algorithms for dilated and transposed convolutions. These algorithms are tailored to execute efficiently on existing low-cost, small-scale spatial architectures and requires minimal changes to existing accelerators. At its core, EcoFlow eliminates zero padding through careful dataflow orchestration and data mapping tailored to the spatial architecture. We evaluate EcoFlow on CNN training workloads and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) workloads. Experiments in our new cycle-accurate simulator show that, using a common CNN inference accelerator, EcoFlow 1) reduces end-to-end CNN training time between 7-85%, and 2) improves end-to-end GAN training performance between 29-42%, compared to state-of-the-art CNN dataflows.
Potassium Hydride in Paraffin: A Useful Base for Organic Synthesis. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hamstrings cocontraction reduces internal rotation, anterior translation, and anterior cruciate ligament load in weight‐bearing flexion (1999)

Strengthening of the hamstrings is often recommended following injury and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. It has been suggested that hamstrings activity stabilizes the knee and reduces anterior cruciate ligament load during weight-bearing flexion; however, the effects of hamstrings cocontraction on the kinematics and mechanics of the normal knee have not been assessed at physiological load levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of hamstrings force affects knee rotations, translations, and joint and quadriceps force during flexion with loads at physiological levels applied to the muscles and joints. Eight cadaveric knee specimens were tested with a servohydraulic mechanism capable of applying controlled dynamic loads to simulate quadriceps and hamstrings muscle forces throughout a physiological range of motion. A constant vertical load of physiologic magnitude was applied to the hip, and quadriceps force was varied to maintain equilibrium throughout flexion. Two conditions were tested: no hamstrings force and a constant hamstrings force equivalent to the vertical load. Hamstrings force significantly reduced internal rotation (p<0.0001) and anterior translation (p<0.0001), increased quadriceps force (p<0.0001) and normal resultant force on the tibia (p<0.0001), and reversed the direction of the shear force on the tibia (p<0.0001). These results suggest that hamstrings strengthening following anterior cruciate ligament injury may benefit anterior cruciate ligament-deficient and reconstructed knees by reducing the load in the ligament; however, they also imply that this comes at the expense of efficiency and higher patellofemoral and joint forces.
Design and Operating Considerations for a Post Denitrification MBBR to Achieve Limit of Technology Effluent NOx &lt; 1 mg/l and Effluent TP&lt;0.18 mg/l (2009)

Design and Operating Considerations for a Post Denitrification MBBR to Achieve Limit of Technology Effluent NOxDenitrifying Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) technology has been attracting increasing interest over the past decade because of its mechanical simplicity, ease of maintenance and reportedly reliable nutrient removal performance even under cold wet weather operating conditions. This technology has not however been demonstrated to be capable of consistently achieving limit of technology (LOT)...Author(s)B. StinsonM. PericD. NeupaneE. LockeS. MurthyW. BaileyS. KharkarS. KharkarN. PassarelliR. DerminassianJ. CarrM. SultanG. ShihJ. BarnardG. DaiggerD. ParkerC. RandallT. WilsonT. WilsonSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 69 - MBBR and IFASDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2009ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20090101)2009:12L.4357;1-DOI10.2175/193864709793953557Volume / Issue2009 / 12Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)4357 - 4377Copyright2009Word count92Subject keywordsPost Denitrification Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)Limit of Technology (LOT)Enhanced Nutrient Removal (ENR)Design criteriaNitrate and Carbon Half Saturation CoefficientsPhosphorus LimitationsBiomass Density Measurements
Highly sensitive spectroscopic detection of heme-protein submonolayer films by channel integrated optical waveguide (2007)

A highly sensitive technique based on optical absorption using a single-mode, channel integrated optical waveguide is described for broad spectral band detection and analysis of heme-containing protein films at a glass/water interface. Fabrication steps and device characteristics of optical waveguides suitable for operation in the wavelength range of 400 - 650 nm are described. Experimental results reported here show a limit of detection smaller than 100 pg/cm(2) for a submonolayer of ferricytochrome c by probing the Soret transition band with a 406-nm semiconductor diode laser propagating in a single-mode, ion-exchanged channel waveguide. By taking advantage of the exceptionally low limit of detection, we examined the adsorption isotherm of cytochrome c on a glass surface with unprecedented detail. Unlike other surface-specific techniques (e.g. SPR, integrated optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer) that probe local refractive-index changes and therefore are very susceptible to temperature fluctuations, the integrated optical waveguide absorption technique probes molecular-specific transition bands and is expected to be less vulnerable to environmental perturbations.
Structural basis for assembly and lipid-mediated gating of LRRC8A:C volume-regulated anion channels (2022)

Abstract Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8 (LRRC8) family members form volume regulated anion channels activated by hypoosmotic cell swelling. LRRC8 channels are ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate cells as heteromeric assemblies of LRRC8A (Swell1) and LRRC8B-E subunits. Channels of different subunit composition have distinct properties that explain the functional diversity of LRRC8 currents implicated in a broad range of physiology. However, the basis for heteromeric LRRC8 channel assembly and function is unknown. Here, we leverage a fiducial-tagging strategy to determine single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structures of heterohexameric LRRC8A:C channels in detergent micelles and lipid nanodiscs in three conformations. LRRC8A:C channels show pronounced changes in channel architecture compared to homomeric channels due to heterotypic cytoplasmic LRR interactions that displace LRRs and the LRRC8C subunit away from the conduction axis and poise the channel for activation. The structures and associated functional studies further reveal that lipids embedded in the channel pore block ion conduction in the closed state. Together, our results provide insight into determinants for heteromeric LRRC8 channel assembly, activity, and gating by lipids.
Channel Wall Nozzle Manufacturing Technology Advancements for Liquid Rocket Engines (2019)

A regeneratively-cooled nozzle is a critical component for expansion of the hot gases to enable high temperature and performance liquid rocket engines systems. Channel wall nozzles are a design solution used across the propulsion industry as a simplified method to fabricate the nozzle structure with internal coolant passages. The scale and complexity of the channel wall nozzle (CWN) design is challenging to fabricate leading to extended lead times and higher costs. Some of these challenges include: 1) unique and high temperature materials, 2) Tight tolerances during manufacturing and assembly to contain high pressure propellants, 3) thin-walled features to maintain adequate wall temperatures, and 4) Unique manufacturing process operations and tooling. The United States (U.S.) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) along with U.S. specialty manufacturing vendors are maturing modern fabrication techniques to reduce complexity and decrease costs associated with channel wall nozzle manufacturing technology. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is one of the key technology advancements being evaluated for channel wall nozzles. Much of additive manufacturing for propulsion components has focused on powder bed fusion, but the scale is not yet feasible for application to large scale nozzles. NASA is evolving directed energy deposition (DED) techniques for nozzles including arc-based deposition, blown powder deposition, and Laser Wire Direct Closeout (LWDC). There are different approaches being considered for fabrication of the nozzle and each of these DED processes offer unique process steps for rapid fabrication. The arc-based and blown powder deposition techniques are being used for the forming of the CWN liner. A variety of materials are being demonstrated including Inconel 625, Haynes 230, JBK-75, and NASA HR-1. The blown powder DED process is also being demonstrated for forming an integral channel nozzle in a single operation in similar materials. The LWDC process is a method for closing out the channels within the liner and forming the structural jacket using a localized laser wire deposition technique. Identical materials mentioned above have been used for this process in addition to bimetallic closeout (C-18150–SS347, and C-18150–Inconel 625). NASA has completed process development, material characterization, and hot-fire testing on a variety of these channel wall nozzle fabrication techniques. This paper will present an overview of the various processes and materials being evaluated and the results from the hot-fire testing. Future development and technology focus areas will also be discussed relative to channel wall nozzle manufacturing.
Kinetic Studies on Oxidation of Veratryl Alcohol by Laccase-Mediator System. Part 1. Effects of Mediator Concentration (2000)

Summary Kinetics of the laccase-catalyzed oxidation of veratryl alcohol with dioxygen in the presence of 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diamonium salt (ABTS), the mediator, were studied to elucidate the possible reaction mechanism and the role of the mediator in this reaction. The reaction follows a pseudo -first order reaction law. The first order rate constant ( κ ) is dependent on the Mediator/Substrate (M/S) ratio and has a maximum at M/S molar ratio of 0.15. The kinetic studies show that the mechanism of veratryl alcohol oxidation with dioxygen-laccase-ABTS is rather complex and includes different reaction pathways. The mediator is involved in competitive reactions. It has been suggested that at low mediator concentration, the veratryl alcohol is oxidized via the laccase redox cycle. The mediator acts mostly as a laccase activator at a M/S ratio lower than 0.15. With increasing ABTS concentration with respect to the substrate concentration, ABTS acts increasingly as a cosubstrate competing with the original substrate for active centers of the laccase. This results in inhibition of veratryl alcohol oxidation in the enzyme cycle and increases the role of substrate oxidation by an oxidized mediator.
Preface (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceDaniel J. BrunelleDaniel J. BrunelleGE Global Research Building K-1, Room 5A26 1 Research Circle Niskayuna, NY 12309More by Daniel J. Brunelle and Michael R. KornMichael R. KornDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas State University-San Marcos 601 University Drive San Marcos, TX 78666-4616More by Michael R. KornDOI: 10.1021/bk-2005-0898.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):March 8, 2005Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 8 March 2005Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2005 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Advances in Polycarbonatespp xi-xiiACS Symposium SeriesVol. 898ISBN13: 9780841238879eISBN: 9780841220164Chapter Views242Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (299 KB) Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Constrained Analogues of Diacylglycerol. Part 11. Ultrapotent Protein Kinase C Ligands Based on a Chiral 5‐Disubstituted Tetrahydro‐2‐furanone Template. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low loss wavelength-agnostic optical isolators through acoustic pumping in a lithium niobate platform (2021)

We experimentally demonstrate linear optical isolators on-chip through acoustic pumping. Our devices achieve 39 dB contrast with 0.65 dB insertion loss at 1550 nm, and comparable performance at 780 nm.
Characterization of the Frictional Response of Squamata Shed Skin in Comparison to Human skin (2010)

Deterministic surfaces are constructs of which profile, topography and textures are integral to the function of the system they enclose. They are designed to yield a predetermined rubbing response. Developing such entities relies on controlling the structure of the rubbing interface so that, not only the surface is of optimized topography, but also is able to self-adjust its behavior according to the evolution of sliding conditions. Inspirations for such designs are frequently encountered in natural species. In particular, and from a tribological point of view, Squamate Reptiles, offer diverse examples where surface texturing, submicron and nano-scale features, achieves frictional regulation. In this paper, we study the frictional response of shed skin obtained from a Python regius snake. The study employed a specially designed tribo-acoustic probe capable of measuring the coefficient of friction and detecting the acoustical behavior of the skin in vivo. The results confirm the anisotropy of the frictional response of snakes. It is found that the coefficient of friction depends on the direction of sliding: the value in forward motion is lower than that in the backward direction. Diagonal and side winding motion induces a different value of the friction coefficient. We discuss the origin of such a phenomenon in relation to surface texturing and study the energy constraints, implied by anisotropic friction, on the motion of the reptile and to establish a reference for comprehending the frictional response we draw a comparison to the friction of human skin.
VeMAC: A novel multichannel MAC protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks (2011)

This paper introduces VeMAC, a novel multichannel TDMA MAC protocol designed specifically for a vehicular ad hoc network. The network has one control channel and multiple service channels. On the control channel nodes acquire time slots in a distributed way, while on the service channels nodes are assigned time slots in a centralized manner. VeMAC decreases the probability of transmission collisions caused by node mobility by assigning disjoint sets of time slots to vehicles moving in opposite directions and to road side units. Analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of VeMAC and compare it to ADHOC MAC, an existing MAC protocol based on TDMA. It is shown that, for the same number of contending nodes and available time slots, nodes can acquire time slots on the control channel much faster in VeMAC than in ADHOC MAC, when the number of available time slots is sufficiently larger than the number of contending nodes.
Genetic analyses of uveal melanoma metastases (2012)

Abstract Purpose To identify genes linked to metastasis development in uveal melanoma (UM), transcriptome analysis linked to comparative genomic hybridization was performed with 63 primary tumors and 115 liver metastasis. 9 primary tumors and their matched metastasis (couples) were also analyzed. A biostatistical approach was used to define the genetic prognosis parameters. BAP‐1 mutations reported to be frequently present in class 2 UM were investigated. Results Fifteen percent of the metastases were found disomic for the chromosome 3 (suggesting a class1 profile) and the couples were monosomic for chromosome 3 (suggesting a class2 profile). Examination of the genomic imbalances in couples (all with monosomy 3, suggesting a class2 profile) indicated that no major alterations occurred at the metastatic step. Very few genes (30) were found differentially expressed between the primary tumor and the metastasis after removal of liver expressed genes. Conclusion These results suggest that the events leading to the metastasis spreading are already present in the primary tumor.
Effect of buck driver ripple on BER performance in visible light communication using LED (2015)

This paper analyses the communication performance for visible light communication (VLC) with Manchester encoded amplitude modulation. In particular, it considers the ripple generated by the LED driver as an important noise contribution for VLC. The ripple depends on the oscillation frequency of the converter which typically is chosen to satisfy other performance criteria such as power conversion efficiency. This paper models the ripple as an additional noise if a buck converter LED driver is adapted for VLC. We argue that ripple can as a worst case be modeled as a random binary offset in the bit detection that randomly affects the distance between the data signal and the decision threshold. We derive expressions for the BER, propose approximations and we compare these with a simulation.
Intelligente Hochleistungsförderkette aus Kunststoff (2014)

Logistics Journal : Proceedings, Vol. 2014, Iss. 01 - Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Entwicklung einer metallverstarkten Kunststoffgleitkette mit integrierter Sensorik skizziert. Der Focus der Arbeit liegt unter anderem auf Untersuchungen zum Werkstoffverbundverhalten zwischen Metall und Kunststoff, der Adaptierung von Mikroelektronik in einzelne Kettenglieder, einer grosserientauglichen Fertigungstechnologie fur hybride Leichtbaukomponenten, sowie die Erarbeitung von Gestaltungsgrundsatzen und Logistikkonzepten fur die Produktion von Leichtbaukomponenten mittels fusionierter Prozesse.
Pressure drop and mass transfer of a high capacity random packing. Application to CO2 post-combustion capture (2009)

Pressure drop and interfacial area have been measured for a modern high capacity random packing. Pressure drop and flooding limit are found to be in good agreement with the manufacturer software. It is observed that the interfacial area, ae, is linked to the flooding percentage and can be much higher than the geometric area. However ae depends slightly on the chemical system, this can be explained by gas limitation. The selected packing seems to be well adapted for CO2 capture process, since pressure drop is low and interfacial area is high. Present results have been used successfully to model the CASTOR pilot plant for post-combustion CO2 capture.
A unified treatment of self-sputtering, process gas recycling, and runaway for high power impulse sputtering magnetrons (2017)

The combined processes of self-sputter (SS)-recycling and process gas recycling in high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharges are analyzed using the generalized recycling model (GRM). The study uses experimental data from discharges with current densities from the direct current magnetron sputtering range to the HiPIMS range, and using targets with self-sputter yields YSS from ≈ 0.1 to 2.6. The GRM analysis reveals that, above a critical current density of the order of Jcrit ≈ 0.2 A cm−2, a combination of self-sputter recycling and gas-recycling is generally the case. The relative contributions of these recycling mechanisms, in turn, influence both the electron energy distribution and the stability of the discharges. For high self-sputter yields, above YSS ≈ 1, the discharges become dominated by SS-recycling, contain few hot secondary electrons from sheath energization, and have a relatively low electron temperature Te. Here, stable plateau values of the discharge current develop during long pulses, and these values increase monotonically with the applied voltage. For low self-sputter yields, below YSS ≈ 0.2, the discharges above Jcrit are dominated by process gas recycling, have a significant sheath energization of secondary electrons and a higher Te, and the current evolution is generally less stable. For intermediate values of YSS the discharge character gradually shifts between these two types. All of these discharges can, at sufficiently high discharge voltage, give currents that increase rapidly in time. For such cases we propose that a distinction should be made between 'unlimited' runaway and 'limited' runaway: in unlimited runaway the current can, in principle, increase without a limit for a fixed discharge voltage, while in limited runaway it can only grow towards finite, albeit very high, levels. For unlimited runway YSS > 1 is found to be a necessary criterion, independent of the amount of gas-recycling in the discharge.
I-structures: data structures for parallel computing (1989)

It is difficult to achieve elegance, efficiency, and parallelism simultaneously in functional programs that manipulate large data structures. We demonstrate this through careful analysis of program examples using three common functional data-structuring approaches-lists using Cons, arrays using Update (both fine-grained operators), and arrays using make-array (a “bulk” operator). We then present I-structure as an alternative and show elegant, efficient, and parallel solutions for the program examples in Id, a language with I-structures. The parallelism in Id is made precise by means of an operational semantics for Id as a parallel reduction system. I-structures make the language nonfunctional, but do not lose determinacy. Finally, we show that even in the context of purely functional languages, I-structures are invaluable for implementing functional data abstractions.