gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences of Opinions in Financial Markets (1987)

Agents trade because of differences in endowments, tastes and beliefs. In the standard models of finance beliefs are assumed to be identical across agents so that trade is due only to differences in endowments and tastes. In this paper I investigate trade due to different beliefs. Differences in equilibrium beliefs may be due to different opinions (i.e., prior probabilities) or different information (i.e., different values of the likelihood function). Using modified versions of a mean-variance model due to Grossman and an Arrow-Debreau model due to Milgrom-Stokey I argue that differences in information will not in general cause trade. Rather it is only differences in opinion that generate stock market volume. I then go on to examine the effect of different opinions on asset prices. I show that if tastes are identical, and if risk toldrerance does not grow too rapidly, then assets that have more dispersed opinions will, other things being equal, have kiwer prices and a greater volume of trade. In general the effect of differences of opinion on asset prices wil depend on the curvature of asset demand functions with respect to the opinions of the agents.
Frequency band characteristics of tree-structuredfilterbanks (1996)

A sub-band decomposition filter bank can be recursively used in a tree structure to divide the frequency domain into various subfrequency bands. The frequency bands of the sub-band signals have a counter intuitive order in such a decomposition. The authors show that the relationship between the frequency content and the index of a sub-band signal can be expressed by an extension of the Gray code.
Affinity Purification of Antigen‐Specific Serum Immunoglobulin from the European Eel (<i>Anguilla anguilla</i>) (1992)

Immunization of specimens of the European eel with a hapten-carrier conjugate resulted in a significant rise in anti-hapten titres. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin was purified on a matrix onto which the hapten-carrier conjugate had been immobilized. Rabbit antisera raised against the product of the affinity purification recognized two molecular moieties. The first was eel immunoglobulin as inferred by the polypeptide composition, i.e. disulphide-linked heavy and light chains of 72 kDa and 25 kDa respectively. The second was a 110-kDa protein. A 800-kDa and a 400-kDa molecular form of eel immunoglobulin were disclosed by a combination of gel filtration and immunoelectrophoretic detection. The latter was the more abundant serum form. The 110-kDa protein was found non-covalently associated with the 400-kDa immunoglobulin. Both molecular forms of immunoglobulin from immune sera exhibited antigenic specificity and reactivity.
Long-Chain Fatty Acid-Based Phosphonium Ionic Liquids with Strong Hydrogen-Bond Basicity and Good Lipophilicity: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Extraction (2014)

The development of ionic liquids (ILs) with strong hydrogen-bond basicity is of great importance for the application of ILs in liquid–liquid extractions, but a long-standing problem is that the increase in hydrogen-bond basicity of ILs usually comes along with undesired changes in other properties such as reduced lipophilicity, raised melting point, and difficulty of forming biphasic systems with water. Herein, we provided a promising solution to this problem by synthesizing a class of functional phosphonium ILs with the use of biocompatible saturated/unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (carbon number up to 20) as anion precursors, and we also carried out systematic investigations on their physicochemical properties. These long-chain fatty acid ILs (LCFA-ILs) featured very strong hydrogen-bond basicity, up to the top level of all reported solvents, along with good lipophilicity and a wide liquid range. Moreover, the viscosity of LCFA-ILs exhibited only a slight increase with increasing chain length, and the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity could be tuned by a change in the side chain of the phosphonium cation. Excellent extraction efficiency was achieved by applying LCFA-ILs to both aqueous and nonaqueous extractions. The distribution coefficients of specific solutes reached unprecedented values up to 3000–5000, which were 17–650 times higher than those by common ILs and molecular solvents.
Protonation-Driven Aqueous Lyotropic Self-Assembly of Synthetic Six-Tail Lipidoids (2020)

We report the aqueous lyotropic mesophase behaviors of protonated amine-based "lipidoids," a class of synthetic lipid-like molecules that mirrors essential structural features of the multitail bacterial amphiphile lipid A. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies demonstrate that the protonation of the tetra(amine) headgroups of six-tail lipidoids in aqueous HCl, HNO<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> solutions variably drives their self-assembly into lamellar (L<sub>α</sub>) and inverse micellar (I<sub>II</sub>) lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), depending on acid identity and concentration, amphiphile tail length, and temperature. Lipidoid assemblies formed in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq) exhibit rare inverse body-centered cubic (BCC) and inverse face-centered cubic (FCC) micellar morphologies, the latter of which unexpectedly coexists with zero mean curvature L<sub>α</sub> phases. Complementary atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations furnish detailed insights into this unusual self-assembly behavior. The unique aqueous lyotropic mesophase behaviors of ammonium lipidoids originate in their dichotomous ability to adopt both inverse conical and chain-extended molecular conformations depending on the number of counterions and their identity, which lead to coexisting supramolecular assemblies with remarkably different mean interfacial curvatures.
Produtividade e morfologia de acessos de caupi, em Mossoró, RN (2008)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e caracterizar a morfologia de dez acessos de caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], nas condições edafoclimáticas do município de Mossoró, RN. Dez acessos (Amapá, BRS Potiguar, Canapu, Casca-de-seda, Coruja, Costela-de-vaca, João-vieira, Pingo-de-ouro, Rabo-de-peba e Sempre-verde) foram avaliados em experimento de campo, de agosto/2006 a junho/2007, em Mossoró. Verificou-se que todos os genótipos de caupi apresentaram hábito de crescimento indeterminado e semi-enramador volúvel, exceto o "BRS Potiguar" que revelou comportamento semi-enramador. O número de sementes variou de 12 a 16 por vagem. Para a região de Mossoró, pode ser indicado como melhor alternativa ao produtor, o acesso Amapá, por ser mais precoce, possuir maior número de vagens por planta e maior produtividade, seguido de BRS Potiguar e Casca-de-seda.
Effect of nutri-bar in the development of stamina building and exercise-performance in young male-athletes (2020)

Nutri-bars were prepared (110 g) using dates (64 g), dried apricots (16 g), cheddar cheese (8 g), whey protein isolate (12 g) and roasted-chickpea flour (10 g). Bars were prepared for Pakistani-athletes based on their calories and protein requirement (3500-3925 kcals/day, 1.4-1.8 g/kg body weight). Efficacy trials were performed (1, 15 and 30 days) to evaluate the effect of nutri-bars on blood serum profile, stamina building and body-composition. Results showed that hepatic-indexes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were decreased (p > 0.05) during experimental-period. At day 30, ALT (6.8%), AST (1%) and ALP (0.4%) indicates the inhibitory effect of nutri-bar on the pathological serum-profile of athletes while significant increase (p > 0.05) was observed in total-protein (0.52%). Liver injury-indexes lactate dehydrogenase, Creatine kinase, total-cholesterol and total-glycerides showed a significant increase (p > 0.05) while low-density-lipoprotein and high-density-lipoprotein were decreased (p > 0.05). Effect of nutri-bar on body composition showed increase (p > 0.05) in body weight (kg) and body-mass index (BMI (kg/m2). In the twelve-minutes running test, distance covered by athletes (p < 0.05) increased after 30 days as compared to day 1. The study revealed the significant (p < 0.05) effect of nutri-bar in developing the stamina building of Pakistani-athletes while the effect on the blood-serum profile was non-significant.
Application-Specific Detonation Nanodiamond Particulate (2006)

Despite a long history of synthesis of detonation nanodiamonds (DND) by commercial producers in different countries, the properties of DND have only recently been significantly improved. The most serious disadvantage of commercially produced DND is their low colloidal stability and difficulties in suspending dry powders completely or partially in liquids. Currently, one of the most important research directions that has allowed the use of DND in advanced nanotechnology applications are DND fractioning and surface modification. These processes strongly depend on the method of DND synthesis and purification by the vendor. When considering a particular application, a process of DND synthesis/purification, fractioning and surface modification are major factors that must be taken into account.
Difference in skeletal muscle function in males vs. females: role of estrogen receptor-β (2004)

Male skeletal muscles are generally faster and have higher maximum power output than female muscles. Conversely, during repeated contractions, female muscles are generally more fatigue resistant and recover faster. We studied the role of estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) in this gender difference by comparing contractile function of soleus (mainly slow-twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (fast-twitch) muscles isolated from ERbeta-deficient (ERbeta(-/-)) and wild-type mice of both sexes. Results showed generally shorter contraction and relaxation times in male compared with female muscles, and ERbeta deficiency had no effect on this. Fatigue (induced by repeated tetanic contractions) and recovery of female muscles were not affected by ERbeta deficiency. However, male ERbeta(-/-) muscles were slightly more fatigue resistant and produced higher forces during the recovery period than wild-type male muscles. In fact, female muscles and male ERbeta(-/-) muscles displayed markedly better recovery than male wild-type muscles. Gene screening of male soleus muscles showed 25 genes that were differently expressed in ERbeta(-/-) and wild-type mice. Five of these genes were selected for further analysis: muscle ankyrin repeat protein-2, muscle LIM protein, calsequestrin, parvalbumin, and aquaporin-1. Expression of these genes showed a similar general pattern: increased expression in male and decreased expression in female ERbeta(-/-) muscles. In conclusion, ERbeta deficiency results in increased performance during fatigue and recovery of male muscles, whereas female muscles are not affected. Improved contractile performance of male ERbeta(-/-) mouse muscles was associated with increased expression of mRNAs encoding important muscle proteins.
The Use of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Feeder Cells for the Cultivation of Transplantable Epithelial Sheets (2009)

MASC-derived feeder cells are suitable for the engineering of epithelial sheets, avoiding the use of potentially hazardous xenologic feeder cells.
Business: the culture of interaction (2000)

article Free Access Share on Business: the culture of interaction: about foreign and not-so-foreign languages Authors: Heiko Sacher View Profile , Michael Margolis View Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 7Issue 1Jan.-Feb. 2000 pp 39–45https://doi.org/10.1145/328595.328609Online:01 January 2000Publication History 7citation821DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads821Last 12 Months124Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Discharge(ESD) Protection Applications (2006)

Physical mechanisms thatdefine thetriggering conditions of lateral P1N1-P2N2 structures for ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection areidentified using2-D numerical simulations. TheTCAD(technology computer aided design) allows foraccurate prediction oftheforward and reverse blocking voltages, necessary forcustom ESDprotection design. Symmetrical andasymmetrical dual-polarity S-type I- V characteristics areachieved forbipolar input/output ESD protection design. Thisisrealized byusing 1)tailored forward- andreverse- blocking junction configurations embeddedin coupled (P1N1-P2N2)Hl(N2P3-N3Pl) structures, and2)optimized adjustment ofthestructures' dopingimplantations and isolation regions.
Towards an integrated hand-held multi-element array transducer for ultrasound imaging (1993)

Conventional multi-element ultrasound transducer arrays for linear or phased array B-scanning are connected by long multi-wire cables to the system's electronics and display unit. This can cause numerous problems including interference and reflections along the cables. The net effect of these is to make the system signal-to-noise ratio poorer. These effects are magnified if the system is designed to operate at higher than conventional ultrasound frequencies (e.g. 20 MHz). This paper describes progress that has been made towards integrating the transmit and receive circuitry associated with either linear or phased array scanning into the hand-held case of the transducer. The number of wires required to connect the transducer back to the display system is reduced dramatically and the path length between transducer elements and the pulser and receiver circuits may be kept to a few millimetres. >
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonamidates and Phosphonamidate Esters as HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Beam splitter for a wide-angle Michelson Doppler imaging interferometer (1985)

The design and construction of a hexagonal interferometer beam splitting prism is described in which the light falls onto the all-dielectric partially reflecting coating at an angle of 300 with respect to the normal. For a beam that undergoes one transmission and one reflection by the device, the average effective transmittance 1/2 (T(parallel)R(parallel) + T(perpendicular)R(perpendicular)) in the 0.55-0.75-microm spectral region is approximately 0.23. This quantity is not strongly dependent on the plane of polarization of the incident light, nor on small changes of the angle of incidence from the design angle of 30 degrees. Ways to improve further the performance of the beam splitter are indicated. Coating designs for other angles of incidence are also given.
SYNOPA: an automated synthesizer for CMOS operational amplifiers (1994)

SYNOPA, an analog CAD tool for CMOS operational amplifier design and synthesis, is described. SYNOPA's goal is to choose CMOS operational amplifier schematics from a SPICE netlist library , using a designer's specification, and then to size the transistors. The numerical approach used by SYNOPA offers more flexibility than symbolic approaches previously described in the literature.
Battery Management System With State-of-Charge and Opportunistic State-of-Health for a Miniaturized Satellite (2019)

The lifespan of a satellite is primarily dependent on its battery performance. Thus, proper management and monitoring of the battery is important. Most miniaturized satellites of cubeSat and nanosatellite primarily rely on battery voltage readings for monitoring and seldom provide battery health status in a satellite. As the voltage readings can be affected by satellite operating conditions such as temperature and battery lifespan, it can give unreliable readings that might jeopardize satellite operation. The availability of the battery health status can prevent unexpected battery failures and provide useful insights into the planning of satellite operations. In this article, the battery management system of a satellite with state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) monitoring is presented. For SOC estimation, a scaled unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed. When compared to the existing UKF approach, it requires fewer sigma points and the positive weights used in the scaled unscented transform ensure the positive semidefiniteness of the covariance matrix leading to the improved numerical stability of the filter. Conversely, SOH monitoring is achieved by taking advantage of the opportunity arising from the satellite operations. The battery parameters are extracted without artificially injecting charge and discharge pulses. To validate the performance of the BMS, the experimental prelaunch tests and the actual in-flight data of the VELOX-II satellite is used as an example. From the results, the SOC estimation error is approximately 1% and the SOH estimation is consistent with the manufacturer's datasheet.
Segmentation of 3D FIB-SEM data with pore-back effect (2019)

Abstract Digital rock physics is used for the investigation of oil and gas reservoirs. It involves various mathematical simulations on a digital representation of a rock sample, which is usually obtained with imaging techniques. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography provides high-resolution images of sequential layers of a sample, and segmentation of these images is a key stage in the construction of 3D digital rock. Conventional segmentation methods are not applicable for FIB-SEM images due to specific artifacts such as the pore-back effect. We propose a new segmentation algorithm that relies on the marker-controlled watershed, variance filter and morphological operations. The results are validated with the use of manually labelled ground truth data. Furthermore, we develop a new metric for evaluation of segmentation quality. This metric is based on analysis of segmented regions and, in the case of porous media, provides more reliable evaluation than pixel-wise measures.
Herbal supplements did not relieve vasomotor symptoms of menopause in women (2007)

Newton KM, Reed SD, LaCroix AZ, et al. Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:869–79. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Q Do herbal supplements relieve vasomotor symptoms of menopause in women? Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★★☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★★☆ ### ![Graphic][4]</img>Design: randomised placebo controlled trial (Herbal Alternatives for Menopause Trial [HALT]). ### ![Graphic][5]</img>Allocation: concealed.* ### ![Graphic][6]</img>Blinding: blinded (clinicians, participants, {data collectors, and outcome assessors}†).* ### ![Graphic][7]</img>Follow up period: 12 months. ### ![Graphic][8]</img>Setting: Washington State, USA. ### ![Graphic][9]</img>Patients: 351 women 45–55 years of age (mean age 52 y, 93% white) who were in menopausal transition or postmenopausal with ⩾2 vasomotor symptoms per day for 2 weeks (⩾6 moderate to severe symptoms). Exclusion criteria included contraindications to hormone therapy (HT), use of HT or oral contraceptives in the past 3 months, use of herbal medicines in the past month, bilateral oophorectomy, or history of breast cancer. ### ![Graphic][10]</img>Intervention: black cohosh ( Actaea racemosa or Cimicifuga racemosa ), 160 … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DANN%2BINTERN%2BMED%26rft.issn%253D0003-4819%26rft.aulast%253DNewton%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D145%26rft.issue%253D12%26rft.spage%253D869%26rft.epage%253D879%26rft.atitle%253DTreatment%2Bof%2BVasomotor%2BSymptoms%2Bof%2BMenopause%2Bwith%2BBlack%2BCohosh%252C%2BMultibotanicals%252C%2BSoy%252C%2BHormone%2BTherapy%252C%2Bor%2BPlacebo%253A%2BA%2BRandomized%2BTrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252F0003-4819-145-12-200612190-00003%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F17179056%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7326/0003-4819-145-12-200612190-00003&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=17179056&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F12%2F3%2F78.atom [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif [10]: /embed/inline-graphic-7.gif
Prediction of Low Temperature Hot Corrosion Rate in Film Cooled Coal Fired Gas Turbines (2003)

The concept of coal based gas turbine power plants has drawn considerable interest in recent years. Coal or syngas based power plants like IGCC have shown significant potential for meeting the ever-increasing power demands as well as stricter environmental regulations. The trouble free operational life of such power plants is limited by a major factor namely hot corrosion of the turbine components. Hitherto, the mechanism of hot corrosion has been investigated in a simpler context, which is not directly applicable to gas turbines in the presence of film cooling techniques. The present paper is an attempt to model hot corrosion in the presence of film cooling relevant to gas turbines, using a simple resistance model and the inherent analogy between heat and mass transfer. This paper considers film cooling air temperatures in the range of 450°C to 550°C, and a free stream gas temperature of 1425°C, with 0.5% sulfur in the fuel. For lower cooling air temperatures (less than 500°C), film cooling air suppresses corrosion, whereas for higher cooling air temperature corrosion rate is more in the presence of film cooling. With film cooling, there is a sharp peak in corrosion rate close to the cooling hole (within 10 slot widths). Due to the possibility that the base superalloy may be exposed in this region, designers should consider the high corrosion rate seriously. However, the present model is limited in its prediction because of its simplicity. Further improvement of the model is essential for optimization purposes.
Minimum power operation of cascade inverter based dynamic voltage restorer (2008)

The paper introduces a new method for sag mitigation in distribution networks using the energy storage capability of a cascade inverter type dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). A parametric analysis of the sag-control capability as a function of the load power factor is first conducted, and then used to design a new control strategy that optimizes the real energy injected by the DVR. The proposed mitigation method has the capability to mitigate longer duration sags while maintaining minimal capacitor energy storage. Special consideration is also given to the case when the injected voltage attains its ceiling. The analytical results are validated through electromagnetic transients simulation of a cascade 7-level inverter used for sag control. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and the practicality of the proposed mitigation method.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Substituted Phosphonates. Part 64. Phosphono‐Substituted Imidazoles and Other Heterocycles from Diethyl ((2,2‐dichloro‐1‐ isocyano)‐ethenyl)phosphonate. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.