gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the P-wave model of a single electrocardiogram lead (2021)

Summary We describe a parametric model for the P-wave of a single electrocardiogram (ECG) lead trajectory. Though previously met in the bioengineering literature, the model was not treated in a complete parametric fashion. The paper fills the gap by making use of both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Supporting real data example is provided. Further potential applications are also discussed.
Immunoassay-Amplified Responses Using a Functionalized MoS2-Based SPR Biosensor to Detect PAPP-A2 in Maternal Serum Samples to Screen for Fetal Down’s Syndrome (2021)

Carboxyl-MoS<sub>2</sub>-based SPR biosensors can be used as a new diagnostic technology to respond to the increasing need for fetal Down's syndrome screening in maternal serum samples. Our results demonstrated that the carboxyl-MoS<sub>2</sub>-based SPR biosensor was capable of determining PAPP-A2 levels with acceptable accuracy and recovery. We hope that this technology will be investigated in diverse clinical trials and in real case applications for screening and early diagnosis in the future.
Anisotropic simplicial meshing using local convex functions (2014)

We present a novel method to generate high-quality simplicial meshes with specified anisotropy. Given a surface or volumetric domain equipped with a Riemannian metric that encodes the desired anisotropy, we transform the problem to one of functional approximation. We construct a convex function over each mesh simplex whose Hessian locally matches the Riemannian metric, and iteratively adapt vertex positions and mesh connectivity to minimize the difference between the target convex functions and their piecewise-linear interpolation over the mesh. Our method generalizes optimal Delaunay triangulation and leads to a simple and efficient algorithm. We demonstrate its quality and speed compared to state-of-the-art methods on a variety of domains and metrics.
Observation of a negative persistent photoconductivity effect in In0.25Ga0.75Sb/InAs quantum wells (1994)

We have observed a negative persistent photoconductivity effect in In0.25Ga0.75Sb/InAs quantum wells with Shubnikov–de Haas measurements. The saturated reduction of the electron density in the InAs well was about 10%. The electron effective mass was found to be (0.048±0.004) m0 for an electron density of 18.0×1011 cm−2. The electron quantum lifetime decreased as the electron density was reduced by the negative persistent photoconductivity effect due to electron-hole interaction.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION‐METAL‐CATALYZED REACTIONS OF DIAZO COMPOUNDS. 1. CYCLOPROPANATION OF DOUBLE BONDS (1980)

Abstract Olefine (I) und Diazoessigester (II) werden zu Cyclopropanen (III) umgesetzt.
Raised Floor Computer Data Center: Effect of Rack Inlet Temperatures When Rack Flowrates Are Reduced (2003)

This paper focuses on the effect on inlet rack air temperatures when rack flowrates are reduced. Reduced flowrates for the same heat loads results in higher air temperature differences across the rack and thereby higher air temperatures exiting the rack. The effect of the higher rack exhaust temperatures on the inlet rack air temperatures is the focus of this investigation. Only the above floor (raised floor) flow and temperature distributions were analyzed for a range of rack flowrates and with various flowrates exhausting from the perforated tiles. A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was generated for the room with electronic equipment installed on a raised floor with particular focus on the effects on rack inlet temperatures of these high powered racks. Fourty racks of data processing (DP) equipment were arranged in rows in a data center cooled by chilled air exhausting from perforated floor tiles. The chilled air was provided by four A/C units placed inside a room 12.1 m wide × 13.4 m long. Since the arrangement of the racks in the data center was symmetric only one-half of the data center was modeled. The numerical modeling was performed using a commercially available finite control volume computer code called Flotherm (Trademark of Flomerics, Inc.). The flow was modeled using the k-e turbulence model. Results are displayed to provide some guidance on the design and layout of a data center.
Inhibitory Kappa B Kinase α (IKKα) Inhibitors That Recapitulate Their Selectivity in Cells against Isoform-Related Biomarkers (2017)

IKKβ plays a central role in the canonical NF-kB pathway, which has been extensively characterized. The role of IKKα in the noncanonical NF-kB pathway, and indeed in the canonical pathway as a complex with IKKβ, is less well understood. One major reason for this is the absence of chemical tools designed as selective inhibitors for IKKα over IKKβ. Herein, we report for the first time a series of novel, potent, and selective inhibitors of IKKα. We demonstrate effective target engagement and selectivity with IKKα in U2OS cells through inhibition of IKKα-driven p100 phosphorylation in the noncanonical NF-kB pathway without affecting IKKβ-dependent IKappa-Bα loss in the canonical pathway. These compounds represent the first chemical tools that can be used to further characterize the role of IKKα in cellular signaling, to dissect this from IKKβ and to validate it in its own right as a target in inflammatory diseases.
XY dipolar macrospins on curved surfaces forming ferromagnetic liquid droplets (2021)

Magnetic micro and nanostructures resembling macrospins have, to date, been lithographically patterned and fixed to a predefined 2D or, most recently, 2.5D layout. I will present an alternate route facilitating interfacial self-assembly and jamming of superparamagnetic nanoparticles at curved liquid-liquid interfaces to create macrospin systems. The mechanical jamming of superparamagnetic nanoparticles is key to freeze both structural and magnetic short-range order and transform the paramagnetic ensemble into a ferromagnetic systems with remanent magnetization and rigid microscopic shape. We use hydrodynamics experiments to probe how the magnetization of ferromagnetic liquid droplets and their response to external stimuli can be tuned by chemical, structural and magnetic means. Numerical modeling using molecular dynamics and mircomagnetic simulations, usher a path toward nanopatterning structured liquids.
The New York Consortium for Effective Trauma Treatment (2006)

From the first chaotic days after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the co-directors of the Consortium – Marylene Cloitre, PhD, Spencer Eth, MD, Randall Marshall, MD, and Rachel Yehuda, PhD – shared a collective sense of alarm that the need for mental health services in our community would greatly exceed capacity to provide evidence-based treatment for trauma-related problems and disorders. Because federal programs almost exclusively emphasize the public health objective of restoring the general population to a semblance of normal functioning, we worried that there would not be adequate programs devoted to helping persons developing serious psychiatric disorder as a result of the attacks. Subsequent epidemiological studies (reviewed in this volume) confirmed our impression, but by the time these data were available – many months after 9/11 – we were already well underway with the project of providing intensive training to a group of clinicians at each of our centers, who could then serve as expert treatment providers, and, more importantly, clinician experts available to the community for educational programs. In sum, the Consortium was a rapidly implemented large-scale project with the overall objective of disseminating evidence-based treatments for trauma-related disorders to the greater New York community.
Cutting Edge: Transplant Tolerance Induced by Anti-CD45RB Requires B Lymphocytes (2007)

Selective interference with the CD45RB isoform by mAb (anti-CD45RB) reliably induces donor-specific tolerance. Although previous studies suggest participation of regulatory T cells, a mechanistic understanding of anti-CD45RB-induced tolerance is lacking. We report herein the unexpected finding that tolerance induced by this agent is not established in B cell-deficient mice but can be recovered by preemptive B lymphocyte transfer to B cell-deficient hosts. Using B cells from genetically modified donors to reconstitute B cell-deficient recipients, we evaluate the role of B lymphocyte-expressed CD45RB, T cell costimulatory molecules, and the production of Abs in this novel tolerance mechanism. Our data document an Ab-induced tolerance regimen that is uniquely B lymphocyte-dependent and suggest mechanistic contributions to tolerance development from the B cell compartment through interactions with T cells.
Standardizing the experimental conditions for using urine in NMR-based metabolomic studies with a particular focus on diagnostic studies: a review (2014)

The metabolic composition of human biofluids can provide important diagnostic and prognostic information. Among the biofluids most commonly analyzed in metabolomic studies, urine appears to be particularly useful. It is abundant, readily available, easily stored and can be collected by simple, noninvasive techniques. Moreover, given its chemical complexity, urine is particularly rich in potential disease biomarkers. This makes it an ideal biofluid for detecting or monitoring disease processes. Among the metabolomic tools available for urine analysis, NMR spectroscopy has proven to be particularly well-suited, because the technique is highly reproducible and requires minimal sample handling. As it permits the identification and quantification of a wide range of compounds, independent of their chemical properties, NMR spectroscopy has been frequently used to detect or discover disease fingerprints and biomarkers in urine. Although protocols for NMR data acquisition and processing have been standardized, no consensus on protocols for urine sample selection, collection, storage and preparation in NMR-based metabolomic studies have been developed. This lack of consensus may be leading to spurious biomarkers being reported and may account for a general lack of reproducibility between laboratories. Here, we review a large number of published studies on NMR-based urine metabolic profiling with the aim of identifying key variables that may affect the results of metabolomics studies. From this survey, we identify a number of issues that require either standardization or careful accounting in experimental design and provide some recommendations for urine collection, sample preparation and data acquisition.
The Alignment Effect of Brightest Cluster Galaxies in the SDSS (2001)

One of the most vital observational clues for unraveling the origin of Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCG) is the observed alignment of the BCGs with their host cluster and its surroundings. We have examined the BCG-cluster alignment effect, using clusters of galaxies detected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find that the BCGs are preferentially aligned with the principal axis of their hosts, to a much higher redshift (z &gt;~ 0.3) than probed by previous studies (z
Adaptive Counting Networks (2005)

Counting networks are well studied parallel and distributed data structures, which are useful in synchronization applications such as distributed counting and load balancing. However, current constructions of counting networks are static, since their width (the degree of parallelism), and hence the size of the network, have to be fixed in advance. This present an obstacle in efficiently implementing them in a large distributed system whose size may be changing, due to nodes joining and leaving the network. The authors presented an adaptive construction of the bitonic counting network. The network tunes its width to the system size in a distributed and local way. With high probability, the effective "width" of the network is Omega(N/log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> N), where N is the number of nodes currently in the system, and the effective '"depth" of the network is O(log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> N). In contrast, a static implementation would have the same width irrespective of the system size. When the system size changes, the network adapts by splitting or merging its components. All decisions and actions are decentralized: these include the decision of when to split and merge the components, and the action of splitting and merging them. The construction is layered on an overlay network which provides an efficient peer-to-peer lookup service, and uses the recursive structure present in the bitonic network to adapt its implementation. Though the bitonic network was discussed, the technique could be applied to build an adaptive implementation of any distributed data structure which could be decomposed in a recursive way
1342 Therapeutic targeting of MARCO with PY265 antibody promotes myeloid cell reprogramming and unleashes anti-tumor immunity (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains immunosuppressive myeloid cells that contribute to checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) resistance. One approach as part of Pionyr Immunotherapeutics’ Myeloid Tuning™ strategy is to reprogram immunosuppressive myeloid cells to acquire an immunostimulatory anti-tumor phenotype. Macrophage Receptor with a Collagenous Structure (MARCO) is an attractive target for myeloid reprogramming, considering its immunomodulatory function and expression on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs) in the TME. Pionyr has developed a humanized IgG1 k anti-MARCO monoclonal antibody, PY265, to investigate the potential of MARCO modulation as an anti-cancer immunotherapeutic strategy. <h3>Methods</h3> MARCO expression on TAMs and mMDSCs from multiple solid tumor indications was determined by single-cell RNA sequencing and by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). PY265 activity on human monocyte derived macrophages (hMDMs) in vitro was evaluated by transcriptional profiling, phosphoprotein array, flow cytometry, and cytokine/chemokine measurements. In vivo efficacy and pharamacodynamic studies using a surrogate anti-mouse MARCO antibody, PY265m, as single agent or in combination with anti-PD-1, were evaluated using syngeneic mouse tumor models. <h3>Results</h3> MARCO is specifically enriched in a cluster of TAMs and mMDSCs that correlates with immunosuppressive signatures in multiple solid tumor types. Moreover, IHC profiling shows that MARCO is commonly expressed in the TME of these tumors, and maintain expression in metastatic lesions, as well as in chemo- and CPI-treated tumors. PY265 induces reprogramming in hMDMs in vitro through induction of rapid phosphorylation events, transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, production of cytokines and chemokines, and upregulation of cell surface activation receptors. PY265m demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity in syngeneic mouse models as single agent in CPI-sensitive models and in combination with anti-PD-1 in CPI-resistant models. Pharmacodynamic studies suggest that PY265m induces immune activation by reprogramming pro-tumorigenic, M2-like TAMs and mMDSCs to pro-inflammatory anti-tumor M1-like macrophages and monocytes, leading to an increase in infiltration of effector cells in the tumor, spleen, and tumor draining lymph nodes. In a non-human primate toxicokinetic study, PY265 was generally well tolerated at all dose levels tested. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study demonstrates that targeting MARCO reprograms myeloid cells and remodels the TME to unleash anti-tumor immunity and convert CPI-resistant tumors into treatment responsive tumors. Collectively, these preclinical data support PY265 immunotherapy, alone or in combination with a CPI, in cancer patients resistant or refractory to CPI therapies, to potentially improve both the overall response rate as well as durability of response. First-in-human testing of PY265 will be initiated in 2023.
EO-polymer waveguide based high dynamic range EM wave sensors (2014)

In this paper, we present the design and experimental demonstration of a high dynamic range electric field sensor based on electro-optic (EO) polymer directional coupler waveguides that offers the strong and ultra-fast EO response of EO polymer. As compared to conventional photonic electric field sensors, our directional coupler waveguide design offers several advantages such as bias-free operation, highly linear measurement response up to 70dB, and a wide electric field detection range from 16.7V/m to 750kV/m at a frequency of 1GHz.
Retinoic acid is a major regulator of chondrocyte maturation and matrix mineralization (1994)

During the process of endochondral bone formation, chondrocytes undergo a series of complex maturational changes. Our recent studies indicate that this maturational process is influenced by the vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA). To learn how this agent regulates chondrocyte development, we characterized matrix gene expression during maturation of cartilage cells in chick sternum. RNAs were isolated from the cephalic portion of day 13, 14, 16, 18, and 20 chick embryo sternum and analyzed via northern blots. Type II collagen RNA levels remained fairly constant during this developmental period. In contrast, expression of type X collagen and alkaline phosphatase (APase) genes was first detected at day 16, followed by that of osteonectin (ON) and osteopontin (OP). To explore the mechanisms triggering these changes, chondrocytes were isolated from the cephalic portion of day 17-18 sternum (US cells) and grown in monolayer in standard serum-containing medium. After 3 weeks in culture, most of the cells enlarged and became type X collagen-positive, but they exhibited low APase activity and contained only trace amounts of ON and OP mRNAs. Treatment of parallel 3-week-old cultures with RA (10-100 nM) rapidly increased expression of the APase, ON, and OP genes severalfold. In concert with a significant increase in APase activity, there was abundant calcium accumulation in the RA-treated cultures. Electron microscopy confirmed the formation of large matrix-associated mineral crystals and the presence of numerous matrix vesicles. The effects of RA were also studied in cultures of immature chondrocytes isolated from the caudal portion of sternum (LS cells).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Achieving Low Latency in Massive Access: A Mean-Field Approach (2022)

The next generation massive access has attracted considerable recent attention due to its potential in smart meters, industrial internet of things (IIoT), and smart traffics, etc. However, how to achieve the minimum queuing delay in massive access still remains open, thereby making quality-of-service (QoS) assurance a challenging issue in practice. In this paper, we aim at minimizing the average queuing delay by applying cross-layer scheduling with joint channel and buffer awareness, the complexity of which increases exponentially with the number of users. Fortunately, with massive users or devices, mean-field approximation can be adopted to substantially simplify the design and analysis of the delay-optimal scheduling. More specifically, we present a cocktail filling policy and a queue-aware multiuser diversity protocol, in which all backlogged packets of a user will be served by either NOMA or TDMA mode respectively, if the user’s channel gain is beyond a certain threshold. The average queuing delay and queue-length-violation probability are derived based on a Markov model. Numerical results will also demonstrate that the mean-field approximation based joint physical and network layer scheduling is capable of improving the QoS in massive access.
Glycosaminoglycans: Structure and Biological Functions (2001)

Abstract Glycosaminoglycans are among the most complex polysaccharide chains that are either covalently linked to protein cores (to form proteoglycans) or free as unsulfated hyaluronan. They exist associated with virtually all cell surfaces and extracellular matrices of higher organisms, where their fine structure facilitates interactions with proteins, which underlie their myriad biological functions.
Thiolate Bridging and Metal Exchange in Adducts of a Zinc Finger Model and Pt<sup>II</sup> Complexes: Biomimetic Studies of Protein/Pt/DNA Interactions (2008)

To provide precedents for the possible interactions of platinum DNA adducts with zinc finger proteins, the complexes [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl (dien = diethylenetriamine) and [Pt(terpy)Cl]Cl (terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) were exposed to the N,N'-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,4-diazacycloheptanezinc(II) dimer, [Zn(bme-dach)]2, and the products defined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray crystallography and (195)Pt NMR spectroscopy. The presence of a leaving chloride in both platinum(II) complexes facilitates electrophilic substitution involving sulfur-containing zinc finger synthetic models or, as in previous studies, zinc finger peptidic sequences. Monitored via ESI-MS, both reactants yielded evidence for Zn-(mu-SR)-Pt bridges followed by zinc ejection from the N2S2 coordination sphere and subsequent formation of a trimetallic Zn-(mu-SR)2-Pt-(mu-SR)2-Zn-bridged species. The isolation of Zn-(mu-SR)-Pt-bridged species [(Zn(bme-dach)Cl)(Pt(dien))]Cl is, to our knowledge, the first Zn-Pt bimetallic thiolate-bridged model demonstrating the interaction between Zn-bound thiolates and Pt(2+). In the case of the [Pt(terpy)Cl]Cl reaction with the [Zn(bme-dach)]2, ESI-MS analysis further suggests metal exchange by formation of [Zn(terpy)Cl](+), whereas the [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl reaction does not yield the corresponding [Zn(dien)Cl](+) ion. Direct synthesis of the Zn-Pt thiolate-bridged species and the Pt(N2S2) chelate, where Pt has displaced the Zn from the chelate core, permitted the isolation of X-ray-quality crystals to confirm the bridging and metal-exchanged structures. The ESI-MS, (195)Pt NMR spectroscopy, and molecular structures of the di- and trinuclear complexes will be discussed, as they provide insight into the metal-exchange mechanism.
The impact of Zr substituted Sr hexaferrite: Investigation on structure, optic and magnetic properties (2019)

Hexaferrite (HFs) of Sr1−xZrxFe12O19 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) have been produced through Citrate Sol-gel approach. The characteristic of compositions is studied through XRD (X-ray powder diffractometer), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray), TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), DR% (UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer). The single-phase Sr hexaferrite was confirmed for each product by XRD. The crystallites size of the products was calculated as 22–40 nm range which makes this material as an appropriate candidate for high density recording media. The optical band gap tends to decrease when increasing the Zr content. The analyses of magnetization versus applied magnetic field, M(H), were performed at room (300 K; RT) and low (10 K) temperatures. The various magnetic parameters including coercivity Hc, squareness ratio (SQR = Mr/Ms), remanence Mr, saturation magnetization Ms and magnetic moment nB were deduced and described in detail. At both considered temperatures, the M(H) results showed ferrimagnetic nature. It is showed that the Zr substitutions significantly affect the magnetizations data. A significant decrease in the Ms, Mr, and nB was observed with Zr substitution. Keywords: Sr hexaferrite, Zr substitution, Structure, Optical properties, Magnetic properties
There’s Something in the Water: N-nitrosodimethylamine (2022)

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA for short) is a worryingly prevalent, potentially potent carcinogen found in food, water, cigarettes and medical drugs. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, are working to better understand what NDMA does and how cells can defend themselves from its effects, with important implications for public health.