gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of K-Promoted Co<sub>3-x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>Al-Oxides as Solid CO<sub>2</sub> Sorbents in the Sorption-Enhanced Water−Gas Shift (SEWGS) Reaction (2020)

Hydrogen is essential in a variety of large-scale chemical processes. As a carbon-free energy carrier, hydrogen has a potential for wide use within power production and transportation. However, most of the recent production methods involve the release of CO2 as a by-product. Hence, decarbonization of hydrogen production is one step to reduce CO2 emission into the Earth’s atmosphere. Several process schemes have been suggested for low-carbon emission production of hydrogen. In this work, we show how to improve solid sorbents for the sorption-enhanced water–gas shift (SEWGS) process, which is a process that exploits a solid sorbent in the water–gas shift reactor to capture CO2 in situ and drive the process toward an improved hydrogen yield. We report herein a series of CoxMg3-xAl materials based on hydrotalcites, promoted with various loadings of K. The materials have been characterized by BET, XRD, and NMR and tested for their CO2 adsorption performance in three adsorption–desorption cycles in a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor (20–22 bar, CO2 + steam as reactant gas, and isothermal conditions at 375 and 400 °C). The most promising material was subjected to a long-term test (120 adsorption–desorption cycles at similar conditions). This test indicates that a K-promoted Co1.5Mg1.5Al (22 wt % of added K2CO2 to the oxide) material has a higher cyclic capacity for CO2 than standard reference cases. We have estimated that the volumetric capacity (in mol/L unit) of this sorbent will be 23–26% higher than a standard reference material at 400 °C and 30–39% higher at 375 °C. This would, in fixed-bed columns, lead to significant reduction in the needed column volumes in the final process and reduce costs.
Variant Selection during the Transformation of Deformed Austenite in a Niobium Bearing TRIP Steel (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Simulated Dilatometry and Static Deformation Prediction of Glass Transition and Mechanical Properties of Polyacetylene and Poly(<i>para</i>‐phenylene vinylene) (2016)

Thermophysical and mechanical properties of two conjugated polymers, poly( p ‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and polyacetylene (PA), are predicted using molecular dynamics simulations and compared with results obtained from differential scanning calorimetry, nanoindentation, and dynamic mechanical analysis experiments. Glass transition temperature ( T g ) is calculated from the changes in the slopes of the specific volume versus temperature and cohesive energy density versus temperature plots, obtained from constant pressure and constant temperature simulations (NPT ensemble). The effects of temperature on the torsion angle distributions and characteristic ratio are analyzed. PPV is found to have a T g of 416 ± 8 K. PA does not exhibit a glass transition in the temperature range of 120 to 500 K. Using the static deformation method, the values of Young's modulus are calculated to be 1.81 ± 0.34 GPa for PA and 9.20 ± 0.57 GPa for PPV at 298 K. These values are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, validating the suitability of these techniques in the prediction of the polymer properties. image
Yield improvement by redundancy method for component calibration (2013)

The benefits of a redundant channels methodology for the component calibration are explored. Proposed is a normal approximation of the yield in order to estimate the number of redundant components needed to provide a minimal area occupied by the components.
Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Neurotransmission Systems Are Differentially Involved in Auditory Cortex Learning: A Long‐Term Microdialysis Study of Metabolites (1997)

Auditory cortex has been shown to be a site of widespread neuronal learning processes even in the context of simple auditory conditioning behavior. In view of their presumed role in determining behavioral and motivational relevance of incoming information we investigated whether the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems are involved in auditory cortex learning. Using a chronic brain microdialysis technique over 4 days, samples from auditory cortex were obtained before, during, and after daily footshock avoidance training simultaneously from trained gerbils and passive control animals or pseudotrained animals. Because of detection limits of dopamine and serotonin in auditory cortex, the response profiles of extracellular homovanillic acid as the metabolite of the dopaminergic system and of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid as the metabolite of the serotonergic system were determined from consecutive dialysis samples each day. The response of the dopaminergic system appeared to reflect the initial formation of the behaviorally relevant association exclusively during the first training day, whereas the serotonergic response appeared to correlate with the stress level of animals.
Nanoplasmonics in near-field optics and active coupling (2008)

Surface plasmons enable the transmission of optical information in confined geometries, inaccessible for diffraction-limited far-field light, while having high signal bandwidth and propagation speed like conventional optics. These advantages have resulted in novel applications for surface plasmons, such as offset-apertured near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) probes. A subwavelength aperture couples surface plasmons that illuminate the tip apex of an adjacent metal-coated tip, which results in a single-lobed probing optical spot having a full-width half maximum (FWHM) similar to the apex diameter. Since the surface plasmons converge at the apex, an offset-apertured probe promises stronger localized electric fields than an apertured NSOM having comparable FWHM. Additionally, the subwavelength aperture does not permit the passage of far-field light, reducing the background signal in comparison to apertureless NSOM probes. For other applications, the ability to selectively switch a waveguide "on" or "off" is desired. Optical-optical switching for selective surface plasmon coupling would ideally permit high-speed switching on a small scale. Two nodes are presented as means to perform switching of four planar thin surface plasmon waveguides by interfering TEM<sub>10</sub>, TEM<sub>01</sub>, and TEM<sub>00</sub> light beams normally-incident upon a node. One node uses a flat-apexed pyramidal reflector to reflect the incident light toward the waveguides' ends. An alternative node is a simple square aperture, which couples surface plasmons through light diffraction at the aperture's edges. Individually turned-off waveguides are shown to have their coupled power attenuated by at least -10 dB.
Modeling and estimation of the pollutants emissions in the Compression Ignition diesel engine (2016)

Legislation concerning the pollutant emissions of diesel passenger cars is becoming increasingly restrictive, especially for nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). A methodology that combined physical approach and a dynamic output feedback based observer for the modelling and estimation of the pollutant emissions in diesel engines is thus proposed. A grey box control-oriented model of NOx emissions is developed; this model was designed based on a deep analysis of the crank-angle discrete combustion process of the test-bench diesel engine. This model will be used to help the understanding of the thermal NOx emission formation process. It provides the basics for the further development of the diesel engine emissions control-oriented models, but it couldn't be used to predict real-time pollutant emissions on a vehicle. The model is calibrated by experimental measurements and a complete cylinder pressure and temperature analysis. Then, to solve the vehicle integration problem (real-time calculation problem) this model and a linear model of the diesel engine were used to develop an dynamic observer to estimate the quantities of particulate matter.
Utilization of Impedance Measurements in Pallidotomy Using a Monopolar Electrode (1999)

Our measurements and simulations suggest that a monopolar electrode could predict a nearby region of high or low impedance before penetrating it and a trend of decreasing impedance as the distal edge of the globus pallidus is approached.
SE6 Secure Digital Systems (2007)

Presents panel discussions from the conference proceedings.
Transport into Metal–Organic Frameworks from Solution Is Not Purely Diffusive (2012)

Chemie in Bewegung: Konfokale Mikroskopie (siehe Bild) und Rechnungen mit Reaktionsdiffusionsmodellen lieferten einen leistungsfähigen Ansatz zur Untersuchung des molekularen Transports aus Lösungen in Metall-organische Kristalle. Herkömmliche reine Diffusionsmodelle können diesen Vorgang nicht ausreichend beschreiben, da Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Gastmolekülen und dem Metall-organischen Gerüst berücksichtigt werden müssen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptional characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae interacting with human pharyngeal cells (2013)

This work identifies a list of novel potential pneumococcal adherence determinants.
Comparison of Peritoneal Low-Molecular-Weight-Protein-Removal in CCPD and CAPD Patients Based on C-Terminal Agrin Fragment Clearance (2016)

CAPD was superior to CCPD concerning peritoneal tCAF removal. This finding was pronounced in high-transporters and CAPD patients using icodextrin twice daily.
The proteomics of roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris), broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) and loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) tears (2020)

These data enhance our understanding of birds and reptiles' tears microcomposition and may be used to base the discovery of new molecules with high biotechnological potential.
In vitro characterization of novel anti-human CD27 mAbs (87.23) (2010)

Abstract CD27, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF7), is constitutively expressed on the majority of mature T cells, memory B cells, and a portion of NK cells. The interaction of CD27 with its ligand CD70 (CD27L) is important in T cell activation, proliferation, survival, maturation of effector and memory functions, in clonal B cell expansion and germinal center formation and in NK-dependent cytotoxicity. To explore the therapeutic potential of this target, a panel of fully human antibodies recognizing human CD27 was generated using human Ig transgenic mice immunized with recombinant human CD27. These human anti-CD27 mAbs showed specific and high affinity binding to CD27. The antibodies were sub-grouped into those that effectively compete with the binding of CD70 to CD27, and non-blocking antibodies. Several of the anti-CD27 mAbs tested induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses in human whole blood or PBMCs, which could be beneficial in the expansion of Th1 T cell compartment. In addition, some anti-CD27-mAbs mediated in vitro killing of CD27-expressing lymphoma cell lines by ADCC or CDC. The ultimate selection of CD27-activating and CD70-blocking mAbs could potentially complement and amplify existing therapeutic interventions in cancer.
Electron-beam lithography of nanostructures at the tips of scanning probe cantilevers (2023)

We developed a process to fabricate nanoscale metallic gate electrodes on scanning probe cantilevers, including on the irregular surface of protruding cantilever tips. The process includes a floating-layer technique to coat the cantilevers in an electron-beam resist. We demonstrate gate definition through a lift-off process and through an etching process. The cantilevers maintain a high force sensitivity after undergoing the patterning process. Our method allows the patterning of nanoscale devices on fragile scanning probes, extending their functionality as sensors.
Optimal projection to improve parametric importance sampling in high dimension (2021)

In this paper we propose a dimension-reduction strategy in order to improve the performance of importance sampling in high dimension. The idea is to estimate variance terms in a small number of suitably chosen directions. We first prove that the optimal directions, i.e., the ones that minimize the Kullback--Leibler divergence with the optimal auxiliary density, are the eigenvectors associated to extreme (small or large) eigenvalues of the optimal covariance matrix. We then perform extensive numerical experiments that show that as dimension increases, these directions give estimations which are very close to optimal. Moreover, we show that the estimation remains accurate even when a simple empirical estimator of the covariance matrix is used to estimate these directions. These theoretical and numerical results open the way for different generalizations, in particular the incorporation of such ideas in adaptive importance sampling schemes.
Collaborative Content-Dependent Modeling: A Return to the Roots of Salient Object Detection (2023)

Salient object detection (SOD) aims to identify the most visually distinctive object(s) from each given image. Most recent progresses focus on either adding elaborative connections among different convolution blocks or introducing boundary-aware supervision to help achieve better segmentation, which is actually moving away from the essence of SOD, i.e., distinctiveness/salience. This paper goes back to the roots of SOD and investigates the principles of how to identify distinctive object(s) in a more effective and efficient way. Intuitively, the salience of one object should largely depend on its global context within the input image. Based on this, we devise a clean yet effective architecture for SOD, named Collaborative Content-Dependent Networks (CCD-Net). In detail, we propose a collaborative content-dependent head whose parameters are conditioned on the input image's global context information. Within the content-dependent head, a hand-crafted multi-scale (HMS) module and a self-induced (SI) module are carefully designed to collaboratively generate content-aware convolution kernels for prediction. Benefited from the content-dependent head, CCD-Net is capable of leveraging global context to detect distinctive object(s) while keeping a simple encoder-decoder design. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our CCD-Net achieves state-of-the-art results on various benchmarks. Our architecture is simple and intuitive compared to previous solutions, resulting in competitive characteristics with respect to model complexity, operating efficiency, and segmentation accuracy.
Copper(II)-Catalyzed Ether Synthesis from Aliphatic Alcohols and Potassium Organotrifluoroborate Salts (2003)

[reaction: see text] A protocol for the copper(II)-catalyzed etherification of aliphatic alcohols under mild and essentially neutral conditions is described. Air- and moisture-stable potassium alkenyl- and aryltrifluoroborate salts undergo cross-coupling with a variety of aliphatic primary and secondary alcohols and phenols, and are tolerant of a range of functional groups. The optimized conditions utilize catalytic copper(II) acetate with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as ligand in the presence of 4 A molecular sieves under an atmosphere of oxygen.
Brain injury in the international multicenter randomized SafeBoosC phase II feasibility trial: cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging assessments (2015)

There was no difference in severe brain injury between groups. Acquiring cUS and MRI according the standard operating procedures must be improved for future trials. Whether monitoring cerebral oxygenation during the first 72 h of life prevents brain injury should be evaluated in larger multicenter trials.
Innovations and paradigm shifts in atrial fibrillation ablation (2020)

Treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation has seen important changes in the past decades. Advancements have especially been made in the field of non-pharmacological treatment of this disease. Patients in whom a rhythm control strategy is chosen the place of catheter ablation has become more frontline therapy in the past years. The procedure itself has also seen changes in technologies that can be used, either using point-by-point radiofrequency or one of the single-shot techniques. One of the major limitations that remain is that re-do procedures are often necessary due to incomplete pulmonary vein isolation and/or atrial fibrillation being initiated by other mechanisms than pulmonary vein triggers. Therefore, there is further need for developing ablation tools that reproducibly isolate the pulmonary vein transmurally. Furthermore, addressing the underlying conditions before and after catheter ablation has been shown to be of great importance. In this review, we will give an overview of the evolution of catheter ablation, highlight the latest technologies and their future endeavours, and lifestyle modifications are being discussed as part of the catheter ablation strategy.
Tunable optical-microwave filters optimized for 100 MHz resolution (2018)

New continuously tunable RF-spectrum analyzers, RF receivers, and RF signal generators are proposed and analyzed for the silicon-on-insulator integrated-photonic platform at the ~1550 nm wavelength. These RF system-on-a-chip applications are enabled by a new narrowband 2x2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) tuned filters for reconfigurable multiplexing, demultiplexing and RF channel selection. The filter can be optimized for ~100 MHz 3-dB bandwidth (BW) by utilizing N closely coupled Bragg-grating resonators to form one effective waveguide resonator in the single-mode silicon nanowire used for each MZI arm. The number of periods M within each individual resonator is selected to engineer BW in the 0.1 to 1 GHz range. Butterworth design is employed. Continuous tuning of the 100 MHz-BW devices over 18.6 GHz has been simulated by using local micron-scale thermo-optical heater stripes on the MZI arms with a temperature rise from 0 to 48K. For the case of N = 3 and 100-nm silicon side teeth, some representative performance predictions are: insertion loss (IL) = -10.7 dB, BW = 80.5 MHz and L = 113 μm for M = 58; while IL = -0.74 dB, BW = 1210 MHz and L = 86 μm for M = 44.
Mechanisms governing selective hydrogenation of acetylene over γ-Mo<sub>2</sub>N surfaces (2017)

We demonstrate that the selective hydrogenation of acetylene depends on energy profile of the partial and full hydrogenation routes and the thermodynamic stability of adsorbed C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>in comparison to C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.
Input-to-State Safety with Input Delay in Longitudinal Vehicle Control (2022)

Safe longitudinal control is discussed for a connected automated truck traveling behind a preceding connected vehicle. A controller is proposed based on control barrier function theory and predictor feedback for provably safe, collision-free behavior by taking into account the significant response time of the truck as input delay and the uncertainty of its dynamical model as input disturbance. The benefits of the proposed controller compared to control designs that neglect the delay or treat the delay as disturbance are shown by numerical simulations.
Comparing methods of parallel genetic optimization for pump scheduling using hydraulic model and GPU-based ANN meta-model (2012)

This paper presents the comparison of two different approaches for solving the computationally intensive problem of near-optimal pump scheduling for large water distribution systems. The optimization problem is formulated to minimize the pump operation cost subject to water supply service requirements. The first method, utilizes the hydraulic model integrated with a parallel genetic algorithm (GA), which can run on either a many-core machine or a cluster of many-core machines. The second method, on the other hand, uses a GPU-accelerated artificial neural network (ANN) meta-model to surrogate the hydraulic model in GA optimization. The study shows that the GPU-based ANN is capable of rapidly predicting the energy rates with adequate accuracy and robustness, as well as the tank levels which can be used for online optimization on a rolling-forward basis. GA+ANN is capable of reducing the optimization run time from several hours to a few minutes, thus enables real-time or online pump scheduling for large water distribution systems.
A new ultrafast and high-throughput mass spectrometric approach for the therapeutic drug monitoring of the multi-targeted anti-folate pemetrexed in plasma from lung cancer patients (2010)

An analytical assay has been developed and validated for ultrafast and high-throughput mass spectrometric determination of pemetrexed concentrations in plasma using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry. Patient plasma samples spiked with the internal standard methotrexate were measured by multiple reaction monitoring. The detection limit was 0.4 fmol/μL, lower limit of quantification was 0.9 fmol/μL, and upper limit of quantification was 60 fmol/μL, respectively. Overall observed pemetrexed concentrations in patient samples ranged between 8.7 (1.4) and 142.7 (20.3) pmol/μL (SD). The newly developed mass spectrometric assay is applicable for (routine) therapeutic drug monitoring of pemetrexed concentrations in plasma from non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Anti-oomycete Activity of Furanocoumarins from Seeds of Psoralea corylifolia against Phytophthora infestans (2009)

In the course of a searching natural antifungal compounds from plant seeds, we found that the methanol extract of Psoralea corylifolia seeds showed potent control efficacy against tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans and wheat leaf rust Puccinia recondita. Under bioassay-guided purification, we isolated two furanocoumarins, psoralen and isopsoralen, with anti-oomycete activity against P. infestans. By 1-day protective application, both compounds strongly reduced the disease development of P. infestans on tomato seedlings, but hardly controlled development of leaf rust on wheat seedlings. This is the first report on the anti-oomycete activity of P. corylifolia as well as that of psoralen and isopsoralen.
Surface flashover of dielectric materials used in pulsed power research (2007)

Selection procedures for insulators used under high-voltage/high-current pulsed power conditions are not well defined, and insulator failure has occurred in large pulsed power facilities when the materials were selected based on experience with low frequency systems. For the latter systems, reliable design rules and procedures have been validated for applications under DC and power frequency conditions (50/60 Hz and 400 Hz in aircraft applications). A preliminary investigation of solid dielectric material behaviour under high dE/dt conditions in transformer oil has been undertaken. A 10-stage Marx generator, capable of producing output voltages in the region of 750 kV, was used in conjunction with an adaptable test assembly to determine the flashover properties of different materials. Results on the behaviour and ageing of solid insulators are reported, along with hold-off voltage performance and degradation due to surface discharges.