gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat stress of gilts around farrowing causes oxygen insufficiency in the umbilical cord and reduces piglet survival (2022)

Late gestating sows are susceptible to high ambient temperatures, possibly causing farrowing complications and reducing piglet survival. This experiment aimed to quantify in the days leading up to farrowing the impact of sow heat stress (HS) on farrowing physiology and survival of the piglets. Pregnant primiparous sows (gilts) were allocated to either thermoneutral control (CON, n = 8; constant 20 °C) or cyclical HS conditions (n = 8; 0900 h to 1700 h, 30 °C; 1700 h to 0900 h, 28 °C) from d 110 of gestation until farrowing completion. Gilt respiration rate, skin temperature and rectal temperature were recorded daily, and farrowing duration was quantified by video analyses. Blood samples were collected from the piglet umbilical vein at birth. At 48 h of age, piglet growth was quantified by morphometric analyses. The thermal exposure model induced HS and respiratory alkalosis in the gilts, as indicated by increased respiration rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature (all P < 0.001), plasma cortisol (P = 0.01) and blood pH (P < 0.001). Heat-stressed gilts took longer to start expelling placentae (P = 0.003), although the active farrowing duration was not significantly different between treatments. Stillbirth rates were higher in the HS group (P < 0.001), with surviving piglets at birth having lower umbilical vein partial pressure of oxygen (P = 0.04), oxygen saturation rate (P = 0.03) and tending to have increased lactate concentrations (P = 0.07). At birth, piglet skin meconium staining scores were greater in the HS group (P = 0.022). At 48 h of age, piglets from the HS group had reduced small intestinal length (P = 0.02), reduced jejunal crypt depth (P = 0.02) and lighter absolute brain weight (P = 0.001). In contrast, piglet BW, growth rate, relative organ weight and small intestinal mucosal barrier function did not change between treatments. Collectively, these findings demonstrated gilt HS during late gestation caused farrowing complications and reduced the umbilical oxygen supply to the piglets at parturition, leading to increased risks of piglet stillbirth with implications on impaired neonatal survivability and development.
Knowledge of the Phase is Crucial for the Analysis of All Dynamic Hydraulic Systems (2023)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For metrological traceability of pressure sensors, static calibration procedures are standard. If these sensors are used in dynamic systems, unexpected phenomena or deviations occur in the recorded signal characteristics. By setting up a dynamic pressure calibration facility, it is possible to investigate this dynamic behavior and learn about the interactions between sensor and investigated system. To be able to identify the disturbing influences and interactions occurring during calibration and in subsequent measurement use, it is necessary to increase the existing understanding of the system. In the context of the contribution, the calibration procedure used, its properties such as repeatability, reproducibility as well as the system interaction of the influencing variables are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the effects of varying gas content in the calibration medium, its influence on the system and on the observed phenomena occurring. By varying the system parameters, while keeping an eye on shock amplitude and gradient, the hypotheses suspected in prior publications can be confirmed. Observing the influences of signal processing and sensor geometry on the shape of pressure traces clearly shows the complexity of interactions of the system components. All performed measurements impressively demonstrate the need to separate the influences in dynamically excited pressure-carrying systems, to better understand their causes, and thus to be able to perform precise sensor classification and calibration. Using a setup for dynamic calibration of pressure sensors, the article discusses a variety of phenomena of multiphase hydraulic systems and provides detailed insights into fluid mechanical relationships.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Metabolic Stability of New Mito-Protective Short-Chain Naphthoquinones (2020)

Short-chain quinones (SCQs) have been identified as potential drug candidates against mitochondrial dysfunction, which is largely dependent on their reversible redox characteristics of the active quinone core. We recently synthesized a SCQ library of > 148 naphthoquinone derivatives and identified 16 compounds with enhanced cytoprotection compared to the clinically used benzoquinone idebenone. One of the major drawbacks of idebenone is its high metabolic conversion in the liver, which significantly restricts is therapeutic activity. Therefore, this study assessed the metabolic stability of the 16 identified naphthoquinone derivatives <b>1</b>-<b>16</b> using hepatocarcinoma cells in combination with an optimized reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) method. Most of the derivatives showed significantly better stability than idebenone over 6 h (<i>p</i> < 0.001). By extending the side-chain of SCQs, increased stability for some compounds was observed. Metabolic conversion from the derivative <b>3</b> to <b>5</b> and reduced idebenone metabolism in the presence of <b>5</b> were also observed. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of naphthoquinone-based SCQs and provide essential insights for future drug design, prodrug therapy, and polytherapy, respectively.
Targeted Therapies in Melanoma: Successes and Pitfalls (2013)

Incidence of melanoma is steadily rising worldwide [1]. Lifetime risk of developing melano‐ ma in Caucasians is estimated as 1 in 50 individuals [2-3]. The incidence of melanoma varies according to the geographical origins of the population and the extent of sun exposure. In Australia and United States, an incidence of melanoma higher than observed in the Europe‐ an countries (with the notable exception of Sweden) has been reported [4-5]. There is a gra‐ dient of melanoma incidence from north to south in Europe, with highest frequencies in the northern counties. This suggests that initiation and development of melanoma is due to a combination of the damaging effects of UV and a predisposing genetic background [5].
Optimization of the EC26-2A4 Epitope in the gp41 Membrane Proximal External Region Targeted by Neutralizing Antibodies from an Elite Controller (2017)

The analysis of patient derived HIV neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and their target epitopes in the viral envelope (Env) protein provides important basic information for vaccine design. In this study we optimized an epitope, EC26-2A4, that is targeted by neutralizing antibodies from an elite controller (EC26) and localizes in the membrane-proximal external region from the gp41 transmembrane protein. Due to its overlap with the epitope of the first generation broadly neutralizing monoclonal Ab (mAb) 2F5 associated with autoreactivity, we first defined the minimal core epitope reacting with antibodies from EC26 plasma, but not with mAb 2F5. The optimized minimal epitope, EC26-2A4ΔM, was able to induce neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated mice. We further analyzed the frequency of antibodies against the EC26-2A4ΔM peptide in HIV-positive patient sera from a treated cohort and an untreated long-term nonprogressor (LTNP) cohort. Interestingly, 27% of the LTNP sera reacted with the peptide, whereas only 9% showed reactivity in the treated cohort. Although there was no association between the presence of antibodies against the EC26-2A4ΔM epitope and viral load or CD4 count in these patients, the CD4 nadir in the treated cohort was higher in patients positive for EC26-2A4ΔM antibodies, in particular in patients having such antibodies at an early and a late timepoint after infection.
RF design and performance of a multibeam, multiband antenna (1984)

Abstract : This paper presents results of a Multibeam Antenna Design Study performed for the US Army Satellite Communications Agency, Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, under Contract No. DAAB07-79-G-6231. The RF design and performance of a multibeam, multiband offset parabolic torus antenna for satellite communications earth terminal applications are described. (Author)
Inverse-Designed Linear Coherent Photonic Networks for High-Resolution Spectral Reconstruction (2023)

Miniaturized spectrometers on an integrated chip have many applications, such as material discrimination and portable sensing. However, it is challenging to achieve high resolution and ultrasmall footprint simultaneously in a spectrometer, because reducing its size results in concomitant degradation of its resolution or bandwidth. Here, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an integrated photonic network for high-resolution spectral reconstruction. The photonic network, which consists of inverse-designed components with reduced footprints, serves as a multiport interferometer and provides the high-quality spectral fingerprint for reconstructing the input spectrum. As a result, spectral lines separated by 100 pm and continuous spectra were experimentally reconstructed from a device with an ultracompact footprint of 88 × 300 μm2. The demonstrated photonic network sets a new paradigm for high-resolution miniaturized spectrometers, which have great potential in spectroscopy-based sensing and imaging.
Phase I/II trial of neutrophil transfusions from donors stimulated with G-CSF and dexamethasone for treatment of patients with infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2000)

Abstract We examined the feasibility of a community blood bank granulocyte transfusion program utilizing community donors stimulated with a single-dose regimen of subcutaneous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) plus oral dexamethasone. The recipients of these transfusions were neutropenic stem cell transplantation patients with severe bacterial or fungal infection. Nineteen patients received 165 transfusions (mean 8.6 transfusions/patient, range 1-25). Community donors provided 94% of the transfusions; relatives accounted for only 6% of the transfusions. Sixty percent of the community donors initially contacted agreed to participate, and 98% of these individuals indicated willingness to participate again. Transfusion of 81.9 ± 2.3 × 109 neutrophils (mean ± SD) resulted in a mean 1-hour posttransfusion neutrophil increment of 2.6 ± 2.6 × 103/μL and restored the peripheral neutrophil count to the normal range in 17 of the 19 patients. The buccal neutrophil response, a measure of the capacity of neutrophils to migrate to tissue sites in vivo, was restored to normal in most patients following the transfusion. Chills, fever, and arterial oxygen desaturation of ≥ 3% occurred in 7% of the transfusions, but these changes were not sufficient to limit therapy. Infection resolved in 8 of 11 patients with invasive bacterial infections or candidemia. These studies indicate that transfusion of neutrophils from donors stimulated with G-CSF plus dexamethasone can restore a severely neutropenic patient's blood neutrophil supply and neutrophil inflammation response. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this therapy.
Molecular Pathways: Mitochondrial Reprogramming in Tumor Progression and Therapy (2015)

Small-molecule inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mTOR pathway currently in the clinic produce a paradoxical reactivation of the pathway they are intended to suppress. Furthermore, fresh experimental evidence with PI3K antagonists in melanoma, glioblastoma, and prostate cancer shows that mitochondrial metabolism drives an elaborate process of tumor adaptation culminating with drug resistance and metastatic competency. This is centered on reprogramming of mitochondrial functions to promote improved cell survival and to fuel the machinery of cell motility and invasion. Key players in these responses are molecular chaperones of the Hsp90 family compartmentalized in mitochondria, which suppress apoptosis via phosphorylation of the pore component, Cyclophilin D, and enable the subcellular repositioning of active mitochondria to membrane protrusions implicated in cell motility. An inhibitor of mitochondrial Hsp90s in preclinical development (gamitrinib) prevents adaptive mitochondrial reprogramming and shows potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Other therapeutic strategies to target mitochondria for cancer therapy include small-molecule inhibitors of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) IDH1 (AG-120) and IDH2 (AG-221), which opened new therapeutic prospects for patients with high-risk acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A second approach of mitochondrial therapeutics focuses on agents that elevate toxic ROS levels from a leaky electron transport chain; nevertheless, the clinical experience with these compounds, including a quinone derivative, ARQ 501, and a copper chelator, elesclomol (STA-4783) is limited. In light of this evidence, we discuss how best to target a resurgence of mitochondrial bioenergetics for cancer therapy.
Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision (2014)

Reference scanners are used in dental medicine to verify a lot of procedures. The main interest is to verify impression methods as they serve as a base for dental restorations. The current limitation of many reference scanners is the lack of accuracy scanning large objects like full dental arches, or the limited possibility to assess detailed tooth surfaces. A new reference scanner, based on focus variation scanning technique, was evaluated with regards to highest local and general accuracy. A specific scanning protocol was tested to scan original tooth surface from dental impressions. Also, different model materials were verified. The results showed a high scanning accuracy of the reference scanner with a mean deviation of 5.3 ± 1.1 µm for trueness and 1.6 ± 0.6 µm for precision in case of full arch scans. Current dental impression methods showed much higher deviations (trueness: 20.4 ± 2.2 µm, precision: 12.5 ± 2.5 µm) than the internal scanning accuracy of the reference scanner. Smaller objects like single tooth surface can be scanned with an even higher accuracy, enabling the system to assess erosive and abrasive tooth surface loss. The reference scanner can be used to measure differences for a lot of dental research fields. The different magnification levels combined with a high local and general accuracy can be used to assess changes of single teeth or restorations up to full arch changes.
Preparation and Characterization of Blue‐Luminescent Tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline)‐aluminum (Alq<sub>3</sub>) (2003)

Abstract Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements in combination with structural and optical characterization we have investigated the formation conditions of different phases of tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3 ). We have identified the δ‐phase as a high‐temperature phase of Alq 3 being composed of the facial stereoisomer, and report an efficient method to obtain blue luminescent Alq 3 by a simple annealing process. This allows the preparation of large amounts of pure δ‐Alq 3 by choosing appropriate annealing conditions, which is necessary for further characterization of this blue‐luminescent phase, and offers the possibility of fabricating blue organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) from this material.
On the Dielectric Measurement of Thin Layers Using Open-Ended Coaxial Probes (2021)

Using an open-ended coaxial probe and a vector network analyzer is a conventional technique for noninvasive and broadband measurement of dielectric permittivity. The method is widely applied to characterize bulk material and liquids and has recently been extended to thin sheet material samples. However, it is commonly believed that the method is not suitable in the high-frequency regime as perfect contact between the probe and the sample is required. Furthermore, the method is limited with respect to the characterization of thin sheet samples made of low-loss materials. In this paper, we analyzed the main causes of these limitations, namely, low-sensitivity, probe resonances, and the occurrence of air-gaps between probe and samples. We also discuss and demonstrate solutions to overcome some of these limitations and improve the accuracy by introducing a lossy platform and an effective air-gap calibration algorithm. These improvements lead to a reliable and robust framework to characterize thin and flat dielectric samples, even at high frequencies and in high permittivity regimes.
Evaluation of a Web-Based Training in Smoking Cessation Counseling Targeting U.S. Eye-Care Professionals (2017)

Including training in smoking cessation counseling in ophthalmology curriculums, and integrating the 3A1R protocol into the electronic medical records systems in eye-care settings, might promote smoking cessation practices in these settings.
Hydrogen energy storage and grid services in microgrids (2019)

Hydrogen Technology Hydrogen and the Grid The Haeolus Project An Arctic Microgrid: Longyearbyen, Svalbard
Thermodynamics of Molybdenum Trioxide (MoO3) Encapsulated in Zeolite Y (2021)

Zeolites with encapsulated transition metal species are extensively applied in the chemical industry as heterogenous catalysts for favorable kinetic pathways. To elucidate the energetic insights into formation of subnano-sized molybdenum trioxide (MoO) encapsulated/confined in zeolite Y (FAU) from constituent oxides, we performed a systematic experimental thermodynamic study using high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry as the major tool. Specifically, the formation enthalpy of each MoO/FAU is less endothermic than corresponding zeolite Y, suggesting enhanced thermodynamic stability. As Si/Al ratio increases, the enthalpies of formation of MoO/FAU with identical loading (5 Mo-wt%) tend to be less endothermic, ranging from 61.1 ± 1.8 (Si/Al = 2.9) to 32.8 ± 1.4 kJ/mol TO (Si/Al = 45.6). Coupled with spectroscopic, structural and morphological characterizations, we revealed intricate energetics of MoO – zeolite Y guest – host interactions likely determined by the subtle redox and/or phase evolutions of encapsulated MoO.
Gallium Trichloride (2005)

[13450-90-3] GaCl3 (MW 179.03) InChI = 1S/3ClH.Ga/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 InChIKey = UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K (used as a Lewis acid or a precursor of organogallium reagents) Physical Data: mp 77.9 °C; bp 201.3 °C; d 2.47 g cm−3. Solubility: soluble in hexane, benzene, diethyl ether, ethanol, and other organic solvents as well as water. Form Supplied in: colorless solid. Purification: high-purity (99.999%) gallium trichloride is available. Handling, Storage, and Precaution: moisture sensitive. A convenient way of handling this compound is to prepare a methylcyclohexane stock solution. The solvent is liquid over a wide range of temperature from −126 °C to 101 °C. Toxicity of gallium nitrate (i.v.) rat LD50: 46 mg kg−1.
Computing the Forward Reachable Set for a Multirotor Under First-Order Aerodynamic Effects (2018)

Collision avoidance plays a crucial role in safe multirotor flight in cluttered environments. Even though a given reference trajectory is designed to be collision free, it might lead to collision due to imperfect tracking caused by external disturbances. In this work, we tackle this problem by computing the forward reachable set (FRS), which is the set of positions and velocities that a multirotor can reach while following a reference trajectory due to tracking errors. Hence, if the FRS is computed before flight, we can utilize it to check the safety of a given trajectory in terms of collision avoidance. To compute a realistic FRS that covers an agile flight envelope, we consider first-order aerodynamic effects, which have the most salient influence on the vehicle. For computing FRS, we conduct a thorough stability analysis including these aerodynamic effects. Then, we present an FRS computation method that can easily be adapted to newly given reference trajectories. The presented method is validated by comparing the FRS with real flight data collected during agile and high-speed flight. In addition, we compare the FRS computed with and without compensating for first-order aerodynamic effect to highlight their significance on the trajectory tracking performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to compute FRSs by incorporating first-order aerodynamic effects for multirotors.
Aerial Refueling Autopilot Design Methodology: Application to F-16 Aircraft Model (2004)

The problem of autonomous aerial refueling autopilot design is considered using techniques from differential games and adaptive control. A closed-loop linear reference model is built using a differential game approach. This way derived optimal control is augmented with an adaptive signal for compensation of vortex induced uncertainties.
Photo-Induced Reaction Dynamics in Poly(di-n-hexylsilylene) by Excimer Laser Flash Photolysis (1998)

Abstract KrF excimer laser induced photo-dissociation reaction was observed for poly(di-n-hexylsilylene) (PDHS) in several solvents at room temperature by using transient absorption spectroscopy technique within the wavelength range at 340-1600 nm. Transient absorption strongly depended on solvents suggesting that observed near UV absorption was ascribed to polysilylated silyl radicals in cyclohexane and tetrahydrofran (THF), and electron photoejection was also observed in CH2Cl2 giving radical cations of PDHS.
Electrostriction effect contribution to high dynamic range optical limiters (2002)

We show that electrostriction can dominate the nonlinear refraction in CS/sub 2/ for nanosecond pulses. We use this effect in a new cascaded limiter geometry to make an extremely high performance optical limiter. We adopt an approach that uses two quite different nonlinear processes in separate focal planes. In one focal plane, we place a reverse saturable absorber (RSA) material. To protect this, we place a cell of CS/sub 2/ in another focal plane. Due to the strong electrostriction in CS/sub 2/ for ns pulses, the limiter performs well.
Characterization of the mouse beta maj globin transcription termination region: a spacing sequence is required between the poly(A) signal sequence and multiple downstream termination elements. (1993)

For the majority of mRNA encoding eukaryotic transcription units, there is little or no knowledge of the elements responsible for transcription termination or how they may interact with RNA polymerase. In this report, we have used recombinant adenovirus reporter vectors to characterize the mouse beta maj globin sequence elements that cause transcription termination. Within the globin 3' termination region, we have identified at least three sequence elements which induce significant levels of transcription termination (> 50%). The smallest functionally active element (64% termination) is 69 bp in length. The natural arrangement of these elements results in a cumulative termination which is greater than 90%. Recognition of the termination elements by RNA polymerase II depends on the presence of a functional poly(A) signal sequence. We demonstrate that efficient transcription termination depends on appropriate spacing between the poly(A) signal sequence and the termination element.
Inflation and Expectations in Experimental Markets (2001)

This outstanding collection spanning three decades comprises a superb selection of Charles R. Plott’s work in experimental economics. Market Institutions and Price Discovery contains papers which define problems, create laboratory methodology and produce the first results in many areas of experimental economics.