gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aromatase activity and interleukin-6 production by normal and malignant breast tissues. (1995)

The aromatase enzyme complex, which regulates the conversion of androstenedione to estrone, may have an important role in regulating estrogen synthesis in breast tissues. In this study the effect of tumor location on aromatase activity in adjacent tissue was examined and related to interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, which has been shown to stimulate aromatase activity in breast cancer cells. Samples of normal and malignant breast tissues were obtained from 11 women undergoing mastectomy. In 7 patients, aromatase activity was highest in the quadrant in which the tumor was located or on which the tumor impinged. Aromatase activity in tumor-bearing quadrants was significantly higher than that in adjacent and opposite quadrants. Aromatase activity and IL-6 production, expressed in terms of tissue weight, were significantly higher for tumor tissue compared with normal breast adipose tissue. A significant correlation was found between aromatase activity and IL-6 production for breast tumor tissue (rs = 0.56; P < 0.05), but not for adipose tissue from the breast quadrants. Aromatase activity and IL-6 production were also measured in tissue obtained from a normal woman undergoing reduction mammoplasty who had previously had breast augmentation by silicone injection, not contained within a capsule. In tissue from this patient there was evidence of chronic inflammation and a marked macrophage response. Aromatase activity in this tissue was considerably higher than that detected in mastectomy adipose tissue samples, and a significant correlation was found between aromatase activity and IL-6 production (rs = 0.77; P < 0.05). A preliminary study to examine the potential role of cells of the immune system in regulating breast tissue aromatase activity revealed that conditioned medium collected from macrophages and lymphocytes could markedly stimulate aromatase activity in tumor-derived fibroblasts. The results of this study confirmed that breast tumor location can influence aromatase activity in adjacent tissues and showed that aromatase activity is increased in tumor-bearing quadrants. The increased production of IL-6 by tumor tissue and its correlation with aromatase activity suggest that tumors may be the major source of IL-6, which is able to influence aromatase activity in adjacent tissues.
Embedding Fourier for Ultra-High-Definition Low-Light Image Enhancement (2023)

Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) photo has gradually become the standard configuration in advanced imaging devices. The new standard unveils many issues in existing approaches for low-light image enhancement (LLIE), especially in dealing with the intricate issue of joint luminance enhancement and noise removal while remaining efficient. Unlike existing methods that address the problem in the spatial domain, we propose a new solution, UHDFour, that embeds Fourier transform into a cascaded network. Our approach is motivated by a few unique characteristics in the Fourier domain: 1) most luminance information concentrates on amplitudes while noise is closely related to phases, and 2) a high-resolution image and its low-resolution version share similar amplitude patterns.Through embedding Fourier into our network, the amplitude and phase of a low-light image are separately processed to avoid amplifying noise when enhancing luminance. Besides, UHDFour is scalable to UHD images by implementing amplitude and phase enhancement under the low-resolution regime and then adjusting the high-resolution scale with few computations. We also contribute the first real UHD LLIE dataset, \textbf{UHD-LL}, that contains 2,150 low-noise/normal-clear 4K image pairs with diverse darkness and noise levels captured in different scenarios. With this dataset, we systematically analyze the performance of existing LLIE methods for processing UHD images and demonstrate the advantage of our solution. We believe our new framework, coupled with the dataset, would push the frontier of LLIE towards UHD. The code and dataset are available at https://li-chongyi.github.io/UHDFour.
Determination of Enantiomeric Composition of Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines Based on Derivatization with Menthyl Chloroformate (2013)

A method for the analysis of the optical purity of a series of chiral substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) was developed. The method is based on pre-column derivatization of the analytes with the derivatization reagent (–)-(1R)-menthyl chloroformate. The derivatization reaction selectively gives diastereomeric carbamates that are resolvable on an achiral non-polar GC column. The developed technique covers variously substituted THIQs, which differ significantly in volatility, steric and electronic properties. In all cases, the resolution factors (R) exceeded the value of 1.5. The method represents a robust way of analysis of mixtures of THIQs, which are often present in various matrixes such as body fluids, tissues and reaction mixtures.
What Does it Take to Make an E-Shopper Happy and a Credit-Using Customer Buy? (2011)

It is clear that homo economicus is not omnipresent, omniscient, and omnipotent. We learn from online shopping data that only some of the respondents are truly sensitive to the economic values of goods or services. Quite a number of them want the experience, not necessarily the price. When we move over to the acquisition of credit cards, we find that the economics is also not as important as we might have thought. It’s again the experience. Yes, some economic considerations are important, but it is not money – rather it’s what money buys. Our data about credit card applications suggest that no matter what the message, it’s important to get it into the customer’s head. Don’t make the offer too long. Short is better, but not too short. Have a convincing offer, but try to write it in fewer than 20 words so that customers don’t simply ignore the message completely because of the daunting length and their lack of patience.
Solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells based on a squaraine dye (2012)

In this work, 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (SQ) was systematically studied as an electron donor in solution processed photovoltaic cells, showing power conversion efficiency of >4.0% under AM1.5G 1 sun illumination at room temperature. Low mobilities were found to limit charge transport in the bulk heterojunctions. Efficiency was thus improved to 5.1% at 80 °C mainly due to improvement of photocurrent extraction. We also demonstrated that the SQ compound synthesized via a simple method has high purity, and thus can be used in photovoltaic cells without further purification. Our results suggest the huge potential of SQ and its analogs in organic photovoltaic applications.
Tattoo removal with ingenol mebutate (2017)

An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.
Transport properties of n-channel Si/SiGe modulation-doped systems with varied channel thickness: effect of the interface roughness (1996)

The effect of the interface roughness on the transport properties of modulation-doped strained Si on relaxed is studied. The mobility decreases between 25 K and 300 K with decreasing channel thickness from 200 to 13 Å. When the channel is thicker than 53 Å, back-gated measurements reveal that the mobility is proportional to the carrier density, reflecting the two-dimensionality of the system. When the channel width is about 40 Å, however, interface-roughness scattering is found to strictly limit the mobility below 20 K from the temperature dependence as well as the thickness dependence of the mobility. The vertical and lateral correlation lengths of the roughness are estimated to be 6.5 - 8.0 Å and 120 - 130 Å respectively. In the samples with a channel thickness less than 27 Å, which is comparable to the roughness, it is found that a two-dimensional variable-range hopping process dominates the conductivity below 40 K.
Manual Annotation of Translational Equivalence (2001)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction, The Gold-Standard Bitext, The Blinker Annotation Tool, Methods for Increasing Reliability, Inter-Annotator Agreement, Conclusion
ABC-transporter upregulation mediates resistance to the CDK7 inhibitors THZ1 and ICEC0942 (2019)

The CDK7 inhibitors (CDK7i) ICEC0942 and THZ1, are promising new cancer therapeutics. Resistance to targeted drugs frequently compromises cancer treatment. We sought to identify mechanisms by which cancer cells may become resistant to CDK7i. Resistant lines were established through continuous drug selection. ABC-transporter copy number, expression and activity were examined using real-time PCR, immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Drug responses were measured using growth assays. ABCB1 was upregulated in ICEC0942-resistant cells and there was cross-resistance to THZ1. THZ1-resistant cells upregulated ABCG2 but remained sensitive to ICEC0942. Drug resistance in both cell lines was reversible upon inhibition of ABC-transporters. CDK7i response was altered in adriamycin- and mitoxantrone-resistant cell lines demonstrating ABC-transporter upregulation. ABCB1 expression correlated with ICEC0942 and THZ1 response, and ABCG2 expression with THZ2 response, in a panel of cancer cell lines. We have identified ABCB1 upregulation as a common mechanism of resistance to ICEC0942 and THZ1, and confirmed that ABCG2 upregulation is a mechanism of resistance to THZ1. The identification of potential mechanisms of CDK7i resistance and differences in susceptibility of ICEC0942 and THZ1 to ABC-transporters, may help guide their future clinical use.
Uncertainty in FPSs from moment-tensor inversion (2011)

ABSTRACT Although microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fractures has primarily been concerned with the dimensions, complexity, and growth of fractures or fracture systems, there is an ever-increasing desire to extract more information about the hydraulic-fracturing and/or natural fractures from microseismic data. Source mechanism analysis, which is concerned with deducing details of the failure process from the microseismic waveform data, is, therefore, attracting more attention. However, most of the studies focus more on the moment-tensor inversion than on extracting fault-plane solutions (FPSs) from inverted moment tensors. The FPSs can be extracted from the inverted moment-tensor, but there remains a question regarding how errors associated with the inversion of the moment-tensor affect the accuracy of the FPSs. We examine the uncertainties of FPS, given the uncertainties of the amplitude data, by looking into the uncertainty propagation from amplitude data into the moment-tensor and then into the resultant FPS. The uncertainty propagation method will be demonstrated using two synthetic examples.
Non-coherent sequence detection of QAM (2002)

We present a new non-coherent sequence detection algorithm for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transmitted over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels.
Spatially Guided and Single Cell Tools to Map the Microenvironment in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (2023)

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are two closely related clinical variants of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Previously demonstrated large patient-to-patient and intra-patient disease heterogeneity underpins the importance of personalized medicine in CTCL. Advanced stages of CTCL are characterized by dismal prognosis, and the early identification of patients who will progress remains a clinical unmet need. While the exact molecular events underlying disease progression are poorly resolved, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as an important driver. In particular, the Th1-to-Th2 shift in the immune response is now commonly identified across advanced-stage CTCL patients. Herein, we summarize the role of the TME in CTCL evolution and the latest studies in deciphering inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity. We introduce spatially resolved omics as a promising technology to advance immune-oncology efforts in CTCL. We propose the combined implementation of spatially guided and single-cell omics technologies in paired skin and blood samples. Such an approach will mediate in-depth profiling of phenotypic and molecular changes in reactive immune subpopulations and malignant T cells preceding the Th1-to-Th2 shift and reveal mechanisms underlying disease progression from skin-limited to systemic disease that collectively will lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers to improve patient prognostication and the design of personalized treatment strategies.
Functional regions of the N‐terminal domain of the antiterminator RfaH (2010)

RfaH is a bacterial elongation factor that increases expression of distal genes in several long, horizontally acquired operons. RfaH is recruited to the transcription complex during RNA chain elongation through specific interactions with a DNA element called ops. Following recruitment, RfaH remains bound to RNA polymerase (RNAP) and acts as an antiterminator by reducing RNAP pausing and termination at some factor-independent and Rho-dependent signals. RfaH consists of two domains connected by a flexible linker. The N-terminal RfaH domain (RfaH(N)) recognizes the ops element, binds to the RNAP and reduces pausing and termination in vitro. Functional analysis of single substitutions in this domain reported here suggests that three separate RfaH(N) regions mediate these functions. We propose that a polar patch on one side of RfaH(N) interacts with the non-template DNA strand during recruitment, whereas a hydrophobic surface on the opposite side of RfaH(N) remains bound to the beta' subunit clamp helices domain throughout transcription of the entire operon. The third region is apparently dispensable for RfaH binding to the transcription complex but is required for the antitermination modification of RNAP.
Evidence for Viral Interference and Cross-reactive Protective Immunity Between Influenza B Virus Lineages (2017)

These data suggest that innate and cross-reactive immunity mediate viral interference and that this may contribute to the dominance of a specific influenza B virus lineage in any given influenza season. Furthermore, infection with one influenza B virus lineage may be beneficial in protecting against subsequent infection with either influenza B virus lineage.
Surgical Management of Posttraumatic Distal Radial Growth Arrest in Adolescents (2002)

Thirty adolescents underwent surgery for progressive deformity after posttraumatic distal radial growth arrest at the average age of 14.8 years. Patients underwent ulnar epiphysiodesis (n = 11), ulnar-shortening osteotomy (n = 18), radial osteotomy (n = 7), and combined radial and ulnar epiphysiodesis (n = 3) procedures. A modification of the Mayo Wrist Score (maximum 100) was used to assess functional outcome at an average follow-up of 21 months. Average wrist scores in 24 symptomatic patients improved from 82 to 98 after surgical treatment. All six asymptomatic patients maintained scores of 100. Of 18 patients who underwent ulnar shortening, average ulnar variance was corrected from 4.5-mm positive to neutral. Complications included one case of radial osteotomy displacement and two cases of continued ulnar overgrowth. Surgery for posttraumatic distal radial growth arrest can improve pain and loss of motion in symptomatic adolescents and prevent symptoms in asymptomatic patients with progressive deformity.
Folding of the β-propeller domain of the integrin α<sub>L</sub>subunit is independent of the I domain and dependent on the β<sub>2</sub> subunit (1997)

We have studied the folding during biosynthesis of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) alphaL subunit using mAb to epitopes that map to seven different regions within the amino acid sequence. The N-terminal portion of alphaL is predicted to contain a beta-propeller domain, consisting of seven beta-sheets, and an I domain that is predicted to be inserted between beta-sheet 2 and beta-sheet 3 of the beta-propeller. The I domain of alphaL folds before association with the beta2 subunit, as shown by immunoprecipitation of the unassociated alphaL subunit by mAbs specific for four different sequence elements within the I domain. By contrast, the beta-propeller domain is not folded in unassociated alphaL after a chase of as long as 12 h after synthesis, but does fold upon association with beta2. This is shown with mAbs to regions of alphaL, that precede and follow the I domain in the primary structure. A mAb that maps near the junction of the C terminus of the I domain with the beta-propeller domain suggests that this region is partially folded before subunit association. The results show that the I domain and beta-propeller domains fold independently of one another, and suggest that the beta-propeller domain bears an interface for association with the beta subunit.
Oxidation, Destruction, and Persistence of Multilayer Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Films during Exposure to O(<sup>3</sup>P) Atomic Oxygen (2016)

We present work detailing the oxidative reactivity of the nerve agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) with atomic oxygen using time-resolved in situ reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When exposed to a supersonic beam containing O(3P) with average translational energy of 0.12 eV, thermally annealed DMMP films (less than 50 layers) on single-crystal Au(111) are observed to react, likely via hydrogen abstraction, and followed by various secondary reactions with resultant hydroxyl and DMMP-derived radicals. This reaction is accompanied by the appearance of hydrogen bonding interactions with the DMMP phosphoryl (P═O) groups on the film surface, and it is also observed to result in both a loss of carbon and an uptake of oxygen by the film. These trends, when considered with the additional thermal stability of reaction products left on the surface, suggest that the mechanism entails reaction with DMMP methyl groups and the formation of various polymeric species; the presence of these polymers hinders continuous, effective destruction for films thicker than roughly ten layers. This work has specific implications for the implementation of plasma-based and oxidative decontamination methods based upon an improved fundamental understanding of the chemistry of the important class of phosphoryl containing molecules.
Surveillance, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcome of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japan: 2023 Update (2023)

SurveillanceThe incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increased rapidly in Japan after 1978 (Fig. 1), and most cases were caused by hepatitis C virus infection [1][2][3].The mortality of HCC reached a peak in 2002 and has been declining since then.An HCC surveillance program was implemented in Japan after the rapid increase in incidence in the 1980s.At that time, ultrasound devices switched from contact compound scanning to higherresolution electronic scanning, which enabled detection of small intrahepatic lesions measuring 2 cm, and the Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) began to promote surveillance of HCC using ultrasonography and measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels.The JSH focused on improving the early diagnosis of HCC by actively recommending HCC surveillance for patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, who are at high risk for HCC, which led to efforts to lobby the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) and hold public information sessions.The latest JSH Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Liver Cancer [4] recommend surveillance by ultrasound examination and measurement of three tumor markers (AFP, Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP fraction (AFP-L3), and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II [PIVKA-II]) every 3-4 months for the super-high-risk HCC population (patients with hepatitis viral B-or C-related cirrhosis), as well as optional dynamic computed tomography (CT) or gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylene penta-acetic acid-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-MRI) once or twice a year.The guidelines for the high-risk group (patients with chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, and non-viral cirrhosis) include surveillance by ultrasound examination and measurement of three tumor markers once every 6 months.Measurement of the tumor markers PIVKA-II and AFP-L3 became covered by the Japanese National Health Insurance in 1989 and 1996, respectively.This makes Japan the only country in the world where clinicians have been measuring the three tumor markers, AFP, PIVKA-II, and AFP-L3, in routine clinical practice since 1996.
Hunting keV sterile neutrinos with KATRIN: Building the first TRISTAN module (2020)

The KATRIN (Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino) experiment investigates the energetic endpoint of the tritium beta-decay spectrum to determine the effective mass of the electron anti-neutrino. The collaboration has reported a first mass measurement result at this TAUP-2019 conference. The TRISTAN project aims at detecting a keV-sterile neutrino signature by measuring the entire tritium beta-decay spectrum with an upgraded KATRIN system. One of the greatest challenges is to handle the high signal rates generated by the strong activity of the KATRIN tritium source while maintaining a good energy resolution. Therefore, a novel multi-pixel silicon drift detector and read-out system are being designed to handle rates of about 100 Mcps with an energy resolution better than 300 eV (FWHM). This report presents succinctly the KATRIN experiment, the TRISTAN project, then the results of the first 7-pixels prototype measurement campaign and finally describes the construction of the first TRISTAN module composed of 166 SDD-pixels as well as its implementation in KATRIN experiment.
La movilidad del futuro (2017)

Una red movil de cruces de trafico inteligentes y vehiculos equipados con sensores transformara nuestros desplazamientos por las ciudades.
An MR Contrast Agent for Intra-Prostatic Imaging of Prostatic Cancer (2003)

Abstract : The goal of the current research is the development of a magnetic nanoparticle based MR contrast agent that binds the gastrin releasing peptide receptor, a molecular marker associated with neoplasia. In the first year of this proposed work a series of bombesin derivatives have been synthesized and their binding to the GRP receptor quantitated by displacement of radioiodinated bombesin. Positively charged derivatives have lower LC50s, suggesting that the environment around the binding pocket is negatively charged and hydrophilic. Selected peptides have been conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles with various numbers of peptides per nanoparticle. A non-isotopic, enzyme immunoassay method, based on the ability to quantify fluorescein, has been developed to replace the assay using receptor binding and displacement of radioiodinated peptides.