gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simplified Laparoscopic Approach to “Second-Look” Laparotomy: A Review (1999)

Acute mesenteric vascular accidents are being diagnosed more commonly as a consequence of an aging population and often result in emergency bowel resection for ischemia. Because predicting postoperative intestinal viability remains difficult, second-look laparotomy has been advocated to improve outcomes. Recently, laparoscopy has emerged as an alternative to laparotomy for the diagnosis and treatment of ongoing postoperative ischemia. A review of the literature since 1994 reveals that, to date, 19 procedures have been reported to prevent 13 (68%) unnecessary laparotomies. We describe our laparoscopic second- look technique and review the literature. Second-look laparoscopy has been shown repeatedly to be a safe alternative to laparotomy. It is simple and reduces negative second-look laparotomy in critically ill patients.
Secure Friend Discovery via Privacy-Preserving and Decentralized Community Detection (2014)

The problem of secure friend discovery on a social network has long been proposed and studied. The requirement is that a pair of nodes can make befriending decisions with minimum information exposed to the other party. In this paper, we propose to use community detection to tackle the problem of secure friend discovery. We formulate the first privacy-preserving and decentralized community detection problem as a multi-objective optimization. We design the first protocol to solve this problem, which transforms community detection to a series of Private Set Intersection (PSI) instances using Truncated Random Walk (TRW). Preliminary theoretical results show that our protocol can uncover communities with overwhelming probability and preserve privacy. We also discuss future works, potential extensions and variations.
Identifying epilepsy psychiatric comorbidities with machine learning (2019)

Machine-learning classifiers of spoken language can reliably identify current or lifetime history of suicidality and depression in people with epilepsy. Data suggest identification of anxiety and bipolar disorders may be achieved with larger data sets. Machine-learning analysis of spoken language can be promising as a useful screening alternative when traditional approaches are unwieldy (eg, telephone calls, primary care offices, school health clinics).
Antisepsis of the follicular reservoir by treatment with tissue-tolerable plasma (TTP) (2011)

The application of tissue-tolerable electrical plasma (TTP) is highly efficient in skin antisepsis. However, the germs are not only located on the skin surface, but also in the hair follicles, from where they re-colonize the skin surface after antisepsis, e.g. The objective of the present study was to show that plasma is able to reach the follicular reservoir for antisepsis. For this purpose, a solution containing particulate chlorophyll dye had been applied onto porcine skin samples. The fluorescent properties of the dye changed during the plasma tissue interaction. The results demonstrate that TTP penetrates deep into the hair follicles, whereupon the hairs act as a conductor for the plasma. Therefore, it can be concluded that micro-organisms of the follicular reservoir are destroyed more efficiently by the plasma than by conventional liquid antiseptics.
Electrochemotherapy, Electrogenetherapy, and Transdermal Drug Delivery (2000)

The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication.Notwithstanding, as new research, changes in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings and contraindications.This is of utmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a new or infrequently used drug.It is the responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual patients.Further it is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug Administration status of each drug or device used in their clinical practice.The publisher, editors,
Biometry of eyes in type 1 diabetes (2015)

This is a comprehensive study of a large range of biometric and optical parameters in people with type 1 diabetes. The parameters of 74 people with type 1 diabetes and an age matched control group were assessed. Most of the people with diabetes had low levels of neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. Marginal or no significant differences were found between groups for corneal shape, corneal thickness, pupil size, and pupil decentrations. Relative to the control group, the diabetes group demonstrated smaller anterior chamber depths, more curved lenses, greater lens thickness and lower lens equivalent refractive index. While the optics of diabetic eyes make them appear as older eyes than those of people of the same age without diabetes, the differences did not increase significantly with age. Age-related changes in the optics of the eyes of people with diabetes need not be accelerated if the diabetes is well controlled.
High Harmonic Generation Inside an Ultrafast Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked Thin-Disk Laser Oscillator (2020)

We demonstrate HHG inside a thin-disk laser cavity at significantly decreased pulse duration, compared to the previous results. The system operates at around 100 fs with ~10 14 W/cm 2 peak intensity and 11 MHz repetition rate.
Indoor air quality in the Karns research houses: baseline measurements and impact of indoor environmental parameters on formaldehyde concentrations (1985)

Baseline indoor air quality measurements, a nine-month radon study, and an environmental parameters study examining the impact of indoor temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) levels on formaldehyde (CH2O) concentrations have been performed in three unoccupied research homes located in Karns, Tennessee. Inter-house comparison measurements of (1) CH2O concentration, (2) CH20 emission rates from primary CH20 emission sources, (3) radon and radon daughter concentrations, and (4) air exchange rates indicate that the three homes are similar. The results of the nine-month radon study indicate indoor concentrations consistently below the EPA recommended level of 4 pCi/L. Evidence was found that crawl-space concentrations may be reduced using heat pump systems whose outdoor units circulate fresh air through the crawl-spaoe. The modeled results of the environmental parameters study indicate approximate fourfold increases in CH20 concentrations from 0.07 to 0.27 ppm for seasonal T and RH conditions of 20°C, 30% RH and 29°C, 80% RH, respectively. Evaluation of these environmental parameters study data with steady-state CH2O concentration models developed from laboratory studies of the environmental dependence of CH2O emissions from particleboard underlayment indicate good correlations between the laboratory and field studies.
Palladium on Carbon‐Catalyzed Benzylic Methoxylation for Synthesis of Mixed Acetals and Orthoesters (2017)

The palladium on carbon (Pd/C)-catalyzed direct methoxylation of the benzylic positions of linear benzyl and cyclic ether substrates proceeded in the presence of i-Pr<sub>2</sub> NEt under an oxygen atmosphere to give the corresponding mixed acetals. Cyclic acetal derivatives could also be converted into orthoesters. The present direct methoxylation via a carbon-hydrogen (C-H) functionalization can be accomplished using the easily-removed Pd/C and molecular oxygen as a green oxidant. The obtained mixed acetals were transformed into the corresponding ether products by chemoselective substitution of the methoxy group using a silyltriflate, 2,4,6-collidine, and a nucleophile. The orthoester derivative could also be transformed into the cyclic ketal under similar reaction conditions.
IL‐9 exerts biological function on antigen‐experienced murine T cells and exacerbates colitis induced by adoptive transfer (2020)

IL-9 is involved in various T cell-dependent inflammatory models including colitis, encepahlitis, and asthma. However, the regulation and specificity of IL-9 responsiveness by T cells during immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question using two different models: experimental colitis induced by transfer of naive CD4<sup>+</sup> CD45RB<sup>high</sup> T cells into immunodeficient mice, and OVA-specific T cell activation. In the colitis model, constitutive IL-9 expression exacerbated inflammation upon transfer of CD4<sup>+</sup> CD45RB<sup>high</sup> T cells from WT but not from Il9r<sup>-/-</sup> mice, indicating that IL-9 acts directly on T cells. Suprisingly, such naïve CD4<sup>+</sup> CD45RB<sup>high</sup> T cells failed to express the Il9r or respond to IL-9 in vitro, in contrast with CD4<sup>+</sup> CD45RB<sup>low</sup> T cells. By using OVA-specific T cells, we observed that T cells acquired the capacity to respond to IL-9 along with CD44 upregulation, after long-lasting (5 to 12 days) in vivo antigenic stimulation. Il9r expression was associated with Th2 and Th17 phenotypes. Interestingly, in contrast to the IL-2 response, antigen restimulation downregulated IL-9 responsiveness. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IL-9 does not act on naïve T cells but that IL-9 responsiveness is acquired by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells after in vivo activation and acquisition of memory markers such as CD44.
Variability in Blood-Based Amyloid-β Assays: The Need for Consensus on Pre-Analytical Processing (2012)

Effective therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD) will require treatment regimes to move toward the earliest stages of the disease. For this to occur the field has to identify biomarkers that are able to accurately identify individuals at risk for progression toward AD in the presymptomatic stage. One very significant implication is that some form of population-based screening will need to be undertaken in order to identify those at risk. To date, efforts in neuroimaging brain amyloid-β (Aβ) and changes in cerebrospinal fluid Aβ and tau levels shows promise, however, it is questionable as to whether these methods are applicable for screening the general population. The Aβ peptide is also found in blood which is the most economical and efficient biological fluid to analyze. Unfortunately, investigations into blood-based diagnostic markers have produced mixed results. This variability is likely to be the result of differences in the preanalytical processing of samples and as such is delaying progress in the field. Reported preanalytical processing techniques from 87 recent articles focusing on the measurement of Aβ in blood were compared, to investigate whether basic sample-handling techniques were comparable between studies. This comparison revealed that not only is it likely that some of the variability in blood-based results is attributable to discrepancies in preanalytical methodologies but also that the field is failing to adequately report sample processing techniques. This review highlights the current shortcomings in methodological reporting and recommends a standardized blood collection methodology based on the limited consensus of the reviewed articles.
A unique PE_PGRS protein inhibiting host cell cytosolic defenses and sustaining full virulence of<i>Mycobacterium marinum</i>in multiple hosts (2016)

Despite intense research, PE_PGRS proteins still represent an intriguing aspect of mycobacterial pathogenesis. These cell surface proteins influence virulence in several pathogenic species, but their diverse and exact functions remain unclear. Herein, we focussed on a PE_PGRS member from Mycobacterium marinum, MMAR_0242, characterized by an extended and unique C-terminal domain. We demonstrate that an M. marinum mutant carrying a transposon insertion in MMAR_0242 is highly impaired in its ability to replicate in macrophages and amoebae, because of its inability to inhibit lysosomal fusion. As a consequence, this mutant failed to survive intracellularly as evidenced by a reduced number of cytosolic actin tail-forming bacteria and by quantitative electron microscopy, which mainly localized MMAR_0242::Tn within membrane-defined vacuoles. Functional complementation studies indicated that the C-terminus, but not the N-terminal PE_PGRS domain, is required for intracellular growth/survival. In line with these findings, disruption of MMAR_0242 resulted in a highly attenuated virulence phenotype in zebrafish embryos, characterized by restricted bacterial loads and a failure to produce granulomas. Furthermore, expression of MMAR_0242 in Mycobacterium smegmatis, a non-pathogenic species naturally deficient in PE_PGRS production, resulted in increased survival in amoebae with enhanced cytotoxic cell death and increased survival in infected mice with splenomegaly. Overall, these results indicate that MMAR_0242 is required for full virulence of M. marinum and sufficient to confer pathogenic properties to M. smegmatis.
Robust Foreground Detection In Video Using Pixel Layers (2008)

A framework for robust foreground detection that works under difficult conditions such as dynamic background and moderately moving camera is presented in this paper. The proposed method includes two main components: coarse scene representation as the union of pixel layers, and foreground detection in video by propagating these layers using a maximum-likelihood assignment. We first cluster into "layers" those pixels that share similar statistics. The entire scene is then modeled as the union of such non-parametric layer-models. An in-coming pixel is detected as foreground if it does not adhere to these adaptive models of the background. A principled way of computing thresholds is used to achieve robust detection performance with a pre-specified number of false alarms. Correlation between pixels in the spatial vicinity is exploited to deal with camera motion without precise registration or optical flow. The proposed technique adapts to changes in the scene, and allows to automatically convert persistent foreground objects to background and re-convert them to foreground when they become interesting. This simple framework addresses the important problem of robust foreground and unusual region detection, at about 10 frames per second on a standard laptop computer. The presentation of the proposed approach is complemented by results on challenging real data and comparisons with other standard techniques.
Data from A Transcriptional Regulatory Loop of Master Regulator Transcription Factors, PPARG, and Fatty Acid Synthesis Promotes Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. We recently identified four esophageal adenocarcinoma–specific master regulator transcription factors (MRTF) ELF3, KLF5, GATA6, and EHF. In this study, gene-set enrichment analysis of both esophageal adenocarcinoma patient samples and cell line models unbiasedly underscores fatty acid synthesis as the central pathway downstream of three MRTFs (ELF3, KLF5, GATA6). Further characterizations unexpectedly identified a transcriptional feedback loop between MRTF and fatty acid synthesis, which mutually activated each other through the nuclear receptor, PPARG. MRTFs cooperatively promoted PPARG transcription by directly regulating its promoter and a distal esophageal adenocarcinoma–specific enhancer, leading to PPARG overexpression in esophageal adenocarcinoma. PPARG was also elevated in Barrett’s esophagus, a recognized precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma, implying that PPARG might play a role in the intestinal metaplasia of esophageal squamous epithelium. Upregulation of PPARG increased &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt; synthesis of fatty acids, phospholipids, and sphingolipids as revealed by mass spectrometry–based lipidomics. Moreover, ChIP-seq, 4C-seq, and a high-fat diet murine model together characterized a novel, noncanonical, and cancer-specific function of PPARG in esophageal adenocarcinoma. PPARG directly regulated the ELF3 super-enhancer, subsequently activating the transcription of other MRTFs through an interconnected regulatory circuitry. Together, elucidation of this novel transcriptional feedback loop of MRTF/PPARG/fatty acid synthesis advances our understanding of the mechanistic foundation for epigenomic dysregulation and metabolic alterations in esophageal adenocarcinoma. More importantly, this work identifies a potential avenue for prevention and early intervention of esophageal adenocarcinoma by blocking this feedback loop.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings elucidate a transcriptional feedback loop linking epigenomic dysregulation and metabolic alterations in esophageal adenocarcinoma, indicating that blocking this feedback loop could be a potential therapeutic strategy in high-risk individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Vaccines that target dendritic cells (ML10) (2010)

Advances by the international community have helped us begin proof of concept studies in humans of new dendritic cell (DC) targeted protein vaccines. To harness DCs for vaccines, we first study their antigen uptake receptors in vivo, beginning with DEC 205. Targeting of vaccine antigens to different uptake receptors can improve presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells ∼100 fold relative to nontargeted protein. For antigen capturing DCs to initiate immunity, adjuvants for defined pattern recognition receptors are also essential to convert DCs from their normal role in tolerance to immunity.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Graphene Percolated Networks from Liquid Exfoliation of Graphite (2010)

Thin films obtained from liquid phase exfoliation of graphite exhibit the conductivity and transparency properties of percolated networks having an interconnectivity distance of about 2 micrometers to 3 micrometers. The mean radius of the platelets in solution determined by dynamic light scattering measurements was found to be in the range of about 3 micrometers. Representative transmittance electron microscope images show evidence of individual graphene sheets. The platelets have an irregular shape with apparent folding and bending, which contributes to disorder and imperfections of the films as revealed by the Raman spectra. The scaling universal exponents describing the percolation transition from an insulating, 100 % transparent state, to a transparent, conducting state are consistent with the two-dimensional (2D) percolation model. These findings provide a framework for engineering the optical and electrical properties of graphene networks for technological applications where flexibility, transparency, and conductivity are required.
Taking chiral induction into the nanometre regime: chiral teleinduction in the synthesis of poly(isocyanide)s (2004)

Diastereoselectivity in the polymerisation of isocyanides has been observed to be operating over approximately 2 nm, which separates the reactive group from the stereogenic centre, as revealed by circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Отримання надтвердих композитів групи BL в системі cBN(Al)-SiB4-WC в умовах високих р,T параметрів (2019)

Досліджено процеси формування керамо матричних матеріалів у системі cBN(Al)—SiB4—WC за умов високих тисків (7,7 ГПа) в температурному інтервалі 1600—2300 °C. Показано, що для вибраної нами композиції (BL група) 60 об. % cBN, 5 об. % Al, 25 об. % SiB4 та 10 об. %. WC в усьому температурно му інтервалі формуються практично безпористі надтверді матеріали із твердістю не менше 33 ГПа та модулем Юнга 613 ГПа, що обумовлено формуванням високоміцної керамічної матриці як в результаті рідкофазного спікання за участі як алюмінію так і активної хімічної взаємодії тетраборида кремнію з WС. Експериментально показано, що процеси консолідації мікропорошків доцільніше проводити при температу рах не менше 1800 °C, а нагрів системи вище 2200 °C призводить до часткової графітизації сBN та активує процеси збиральної рекристалізації в цілому. За даними XRD аналізу встановлено, що внаслідок термічного розкладу тетрабориду кремнію та подальшої хімічної взаємодії із WС утворюються нові сполуки W2B5 та WSi2, а вихідний алюміній окиснюється до α-Al2O3 позбавляючи систему від надлишків кисню. Всі нові сполуки утворені в процесі реакційного спікання представлені мікрокристалічними формами із розміром не більше 1—3 мкм, які розташовані в міжзеренному просторі основної матриці, що сприяє додатковому збільшенню твердості та тріщиностійкості. Одержані надтверді керамічні пластини можуть викорис товуватися при точінні загартованих (до 60 HRC) та високолегованих (в тому числі інконелеєвих сталей) за умов високих температур в області різання.
A novel rabies virus-based glioma immunotherapeutic strategy targeting survivin (P4440) (2013)

Abstract The poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme even after resection, chemotherapy and radiation has led to an interest in immunotherapy which necessitates consideration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Attenuated rabies viruses (RABV) induce BBB modifications that allow immune effectors to reach the CNS without immunopathology. We have shown that induction of a CNS response to an attenuated RABV can significantly prolong the survival of mice bearing intracranial GL261 tumors. This extended survival is associated with delayed tumor growth and an increase in mRNA levels of T and B cell markers and IFN-γ in CNS tissue. However it is not yet known whether the delayed tumor growth is a result of non antigen-specific effects of the antiviral response or due to BBB modifications that facilitate contact between the tumor cells and immune system. To provide a more selective target for the immune response, we have engineered a recombinant RABV to express human survivin. Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), is preferentially expressed at high levels in certain types of cancer cells including gliomas and has been successfully used as a target in GL261 immunotherapies. The expression of survivin by RABV is expected to promote the delivery of tumor-reactive immune effectors into CNS tissues.
Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7 growth on KTaO3 (001) single crystals (1993)

Epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7 have been grown on KTaO3 (100) single-crystal substrates by means of reactive thermal coevaporation at temperatures between 560 and 750 °C. The orientation of the YBa2Cu3O7 crystallographic c axis in these films was perpendicular to the substrate surface throughout the complete range of deposition temperatures even though the KTaO3 lattice constant represents a better match to the YBa2Cu3O7 c axis than to the a and b axes. Since the nucleation and growth of YBa2Cu3O7 films are known to be relatively sensitive to the formation of a-axis-oriented grains at imperfections on the substrate material, an investigation of the influence of the substrate surface finish on the film properties was carried out. Using substrates with appropriately prepared surfaces, YBa2Cu3O7 films exhibited a high degree of crystalline perfection, zero resistance at temperatures of 89 K and critical current densities up to 3×106 A/cm2.
High Frequency Characteristics of Low Temperature Processing and High Density Integrated Capacitor on Organic Substrates (2006)

Rapidly growing performance and mixed-signal integration is driving the need for product and component miniaturization in electronics applications. Integral passive technology is a potentially attractive solution to replace discrete passives. Capacitors are widely used for broad ranging applications including filtering, tuning and power decoupling. This paper presents the performance characterization of two low temperature processes that are compatible with organic substrates. RF characterization up to 10 GHz was performed to extract the impedance profile, effective capacitance and capacitance density parameters.