gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallaphotoredox Decarboxylative Arylation of Natural Amino Acids via an Elusive Mechanistic Pathway (2022)

The merger of photoredox and nickel catalysis for the decarboxylative arylation of carboxylic acids has evolved into an effective strategy to forge C–C bonds from readily available feedstock. Despite its rapid industrial adoption, the mechanism of this dual-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction has remained unclear and under-studied. Here, we propose an alternative mechanism for the photoredox–Ni dual-catalyzed decarboxylative arylation of α-amino acids based on control experiments with NiIIArBr complexes, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and computational studies. Our mechanistic studies revealed that a Ni0–NiII–NiI–NiII–Ni0 cycle is feasible in the dual-catalyzed Csp2–Csp3 cross-coupling. Distinct from previous mechanism proposals, we show with a series of CV studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations that a single electron transfer reduction of NiIIArBr to NiIAr by IrII is thermodynamically favorable. Reductive elimination via a NiII-species rather than via a NiIII-species is also supported by DFT calculations. Those mechanistic insights allowed for the reaction scope to be extended to encompass α-amino acids bearing pharmacophoric elements, which were previously unexplored coupling partners. α-Amino acids bearing broad functional groups, including heterocycles, successfully underwent decarboxylative arylation with a diverse set of aryl bromides. This strategy represents an advance in photoredox and Ni-catalysis and broadens its industrial applicability as well as mechanistic understanding.
IL‐13 production by allergen‐stimulated T cells is increased in allergic disease and associated with IL‐5 but not IFN‐<i>γ</i> expression (1997)

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) shares many, but not all, of the properties of the prototypic T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine IL-4, but its role in allergen-driven T-cell responses remains poorly defined. We hypothesized that allergen stimulation of peripheral blood T cells from patients with atopic disease compared with non-atopic controls results in elevated IL-13 synthesis in the context of a 'Th2-type' pattern. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from sensitized atopic patients with allergic disease, and non-atopic control subjects, were cultured with the allergens Phleum pratense (Timothy grass pollen) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (house dust mite) and the non-allergenic recall antigen Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD). Supernatant concentrations of IL-13, along with IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (Th2- and Th1-type cytokines, respectively) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Allergen-induced IL-13 and IL-5 production by T cells from patients with allergic disease was markedly elevated (P = 0.0075 and P = 0.0004, respectively) compared with non-atopic controls, whereas IFN-gamma production was not significantly different. In contrast to allergen, the prototypic Th1-type antigen M. tuberculosis PPD induced an excess of IFN-gamma over IL-13 and IL-5 production, and absolute concentrations of cytokines were not affected by the presence or absence of atopic disease. Addition of exogenous recombinant IFN-gamma or IL-12, cytokines known to inhibit Th2-type responses, significantly inhibited allergen-driven production of both IL-13 and IL-5, but not T-cell proliferation, whereas exogenous IL-4 did not significantly affect production of IL-13 or IL-5. We conclude that allergen-specific T cells from atopic subjects secrete elevated quantities of IL-13 compared with non-atopic controls, in the context of a Th2-type pattern of cytokine production.
2846 Colorectal Cancer Screening in Individuals Ages 45-49 Years: Point Sensitivity of the Multi-Target Stool DNA Test (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates in the ≥55 year old population is decreasing, while CRC incidence and mortality is increasing in those &lt; 55 years old (SEER Cancer Stat Facts: Colorectal Cancer. NCI, Bethseda, MD). Recently, the American Cancer Society revised its CRC screening guidelines to recommend screening initiation at age 45 years for average-risk individuals (American Cancer Society, 2018). To date, most endorsed CRC screening tests have not been rigorously studied in younger age groups. In this study, we examined the point sensitivity of the multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) test in patients ages 45-49 years. The mt-sDNA test is currently FDA-approved to qualitatively detect biomarkers associated with colorectal neoplasia in individuals 50 years and older and at average risk for CRC, and data do not suggest age-related changes in sensitivity of the mt-sDNA test (Imperiale et al, 2014, NEJM). METHODS: Clinical listings of Exact Sciences-sponsored studies were queried to identify archived stool samples previously collected from individuals ages 45-49 years, with confirmed diagnoses of CRC or advanced adenomas (AA; defined as ≥1 cm, or ≥25% villous morphology or high-grade dysplasia of any size). Historical information regarding CRC risk was limited. Stool samples were collected at least 7 days after the screening colonoscopy, prior to lesion excision and any pre-surgical prep or neoadjuvant treatment. Samples were analyzed per the mt-sDNA test label instructions. Mt-sDNA test sensitivity for advanced colorectal neoplasia (CRC + AA), CRC, and AA were the primary study study endpoints. RESULTS: Archived stool was available from 13 individuals with CRC and 6 with AA. Mt-sDNA test sensitivity for advanced neoplasia (CRC + AA), CRC, and AA were 89% (17/19 samples), 92% (12/13 samples), and 83% (5/6 samples), respectively. CONCLUSION: This small study using archived stool samples from individuals ages 45-49 years without complete risk status information found that mt-sDNA test sensitivity was similar to previously reported data for individuals ages 50 years and older (Imperiale et al, 2014, NEJM), providing initial demonstration of test sensitivity in this younger population. Larger studies are needed to confirm and more broadly evaluate mt-sDNA performance characteristics in an average risk screening population in this age group.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Mixed-Metal Triple-Layered Perovskites, Na<sub>2</sub>La<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>Ru<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>10</sub> (<i>x</i> ≤ 1.0). (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionSynthesis and Characterization of New Mixed-Metal Triple-Layered Perovskites, Na2La2Ti3-xRuxO10 (x ≤ 1.0).John N. Lalena, Alexander U. Falster, William B. Simmons, Everett E. Carpenter, Jason Wiggins, Srikanth Hariharan, and John B. WileyCite this: Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 11, 3526Publication Date (Web):October 5, 2000Publication History Published online5 October 2000Published inissue 1 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm002006thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cm002006tcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (10 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of diode-pumped Tm:YAP with Tm:YAG (1998)

A comparison of the room-temperature operation of diode-pumped continuous wave thulium doped YAP and YAG lasers is reported. A markedly superior conversion efficiency using 4.2% doped Tm:YAP was measured, 730 mW of laser output being generated with a 3 W pump diode, representing a 42% conversion of absorbed diode light to laser output. With 6% Tm:YAG, laser output was restricted to 270 mW, a 21% conversion efficiency. Both lasers were found to generate diffraction-limited output. Greater upconversion losses in YAG than YAP are proposed as a factor contributing to its poorer laser performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′‐Methylene‐Substituted 5‐Azapyrimidine, 6‐Azapyrimidine, and 3‐Deazaguanine Nucleoside Analogues as Potential Antitumor/Antiviral Agents. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differential Phosphorylation of MAP-2 Stimulated by Calcium-Calmodulin and Cyclic AMP (1984)

Comparison of cyclic AMP- and calcium-dependent phosphorylation in rat brain cytosol reveals MAP-2 to be a common endogenous substrate. Examination of limited protease digestion patterns indicates that the two kinases phosphorylate MAP-2 at distinct sites and suggests that such phosphorylation may have differential effects on MAP-2 function.
The protein-tyrosine kinase substrate p36 is also a substrate for protein kinase C in vitro and in vivo. (1986)

p36, a major in vivo substrate of protein-tyrosine kinases, is shown to be phosphorylated at serine 25, a site very close to the major site of tyrosine phosphorylation by pp60v-src, tyrosine 23 (J. R. Glenney, Jr., and B. F. Tack, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7884-7888, 1985). We present evidence suggesting that protein kinase C mediates phosphorylation of serine 25.
Medical negligence - going Dutch (2002)

The author overviews different approaches to medical negligence law and compensation. He considers in more detail a study of malpractice recovery from hospitals in the Netherlands and the explanations for the much lower number of claims than in Germany or Italy. (non-author abstract)
Evaluating the Impact of Breast and Nipple Sensation on Quality-of-Life after Nipple-sparing Mastectomy with Implant Reconstruction: Long-term Outcomes Utilizing Breast-Q (2022)

Background: The effect of postoperative sensation on quality-of-life (QoL) following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with implant-based reconstruction is not well-described. We evaluated the impact of breast and nipple sensation on QoL using BREAST-Q. Methods: Patients undergoing NSM with implant reconstruction from 2008-2020 were mailed a survey to characterize their postoperative sensation. BREAST-Q metrics were compared between totally numb patients and those with sensation. Results: A total of 349 patients were included. Overall, 131 (38%) responded; response rates regarding breast and nipple sensation were 36% (N=124/349) and 34% (N=117/349). Median time from surgery to survey completion was 6 years. The majority had bilateral procedures (101, 77%), including direct-to-implant (99, 76%) and tissue expander (32, 24%) reconstruction. Regarding breast sensation (Table 1), the majority of patients reported their reconstructed breasts as totally numb (47, 38%) or much less sensation than before surgery (59, 48%). Regarding nipple sensation, the majority of patients reported their nipples were totally numb (67, 57%) or had much less sensation than before surgery (37, 32%). Total numbness of reconstructed breasts resulted in a significantly lower chest physical well-being (Mean Score 73.5 vs. 81.2 respectively, P=0.048, Table 2). Total numbness of postoperative nipple(s) resulted in significantly lower chest physical (Mean Score 74.8 vs. 85.2 respectively, P=0.007), psychosocial (Mean Score 77.4 vs. 84.4 respectively, P=0.041), and sexual well-being (Mean Score 55.7 vs. 68.3 respectively, P=0.002). Conclusions: Long-term breast and nipple sensation are significantly diminished after NSM with implant reconstruction. Patients with preserved sensation experience better physical, psychosocial, and sexual well-being.
PHOTOOXIDIZED VESSELS (1997)

Umaña, J P; DeRose, J; Madigan, J; Pillariselty, V; Moazami, N; Oz, M C; Todd, G; Nowygrod, R Author Information
Bone loss in response to long-term immobilisation (1978)

The histodynamic response to long-term non-traumatic immobilisation was studied in young adult Beagle dogs by means of radiomorphometry and histomorphometry, the right forelimb being encased in plaster and the left forelimb serving as a control. The dogs were killed at two, four, six, eight, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-four, thirty-two and forty weeks and the third metacarpal, radius, ulna and humerus removed for analysis of the contributions of the periosteal, haversian and endosteal envelopes to the bone loss at the mid-diaphysis. The bone mass responded to long-term immobilisation in three stages. First there was a rapid initial loss of bone, reaching its maximum (some 16 per cent of original mass) at six weeks, to which all three bone envelopes, to some extent, contributed. A rapid reversal followed, the bone mass approaching the control values between eight and twelve weeks after immobilisation. A second stage of slower but longer lasting bone loss ended twenty-four to thirty-two weeks after immobilisation; the periosteal envelope was the main contributor (80 to 90 per cent of the total loss). The third stage was characterised by maintenance of the bone mass which had been reduced by some 30 to 50 per cent of original values. This pattern was qualitatively similar in all four bones but the distal bones lost more bone than the proximal bones. The extent of resorption surface and the total histologically active periosteal envelope increased parallel to the phases of bone loss. The linear mineralisation rate did not differ significantly between the experimental and control sides.
3‐Fluoropiperidines and <i>N</i>‐Methyl‐3‐fluoropiperidinium Salts: The Persistence of Axial Fluorine (2005)

It has previously been shown that the fluorine atom in N-protonated 3-fluoropiperidine salts in water strongly prefers the axial orientation in the six-membered ring chairs. In the present work we examine the proposition that the N-methyl salts are equally disposed to present axial fluorine. Initially, we explored this point by comparing the structures of the corresponding NH2+, NHMe+, and NMe2+ salts by means of density functional theory (DFT), ab initio, and MMFF force field calculations with and without aqueous solvation models. The predictions unambiguously pointed to axial fluorine for all salts investigated, including those with simultaneous axial F and (N)Me. The calculations were followed by synthesis of the corresponding series of 4,4-diphenylpiperidinium salts. These were evaluated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy in [D6]DMSO to fully corroborate the axial disposition of the fluorine in each of the compounds. X-ray crystal structure determinations were likewise performed for the diphenyl-3-fluoro NH2+ and NMe2+ systems to substantiate axial-F. Comparison of the X-ray structures of the fluorinated and unfluorinated NMe2+ salts reveals that the fluorine resides axial in spite of substantial steric compression. While the charge-dipole phenomenon responsible for the axial-F conformation in the parent protonated fluoropiperidinium compounds carries over to doubly alkylated salts, we show that it extends to molecular orientation in the packing of the unit cells in the solid state as well. Finally, using the computational methods that successfully motivated our synthesis and structural work, we have made predictions for a number of new structures and re-examined some parallel results reported by the Eliel group in the early 1970s. Although C-F...H-N hydrogen bonds are reported to be weak and few in number, the CF...HN charge-dipole orienting effect is a powerful directing force that matches the hydrogen-bond in both its energetic contribution and conformational consequences.
Human neutrophils synthesize IL-8 in an IgE-mediated activation (2004)

It has been demonstrated that neutrophils are responsible for the release of large amounts of the inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), associated with inflammation. To further define the mechanisms implicated, we have analyzed the response of human neutrophils from allergic patients to specific antigens or challenge with anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies. Neutrophils showed a dose- and time-dependent production of IL-8. The release of the cytokine was parallel to expression of IL-8 mRNA analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction. This expression was transient-it occurred after 3 h of anti-IgE treatment and was maintained for 18 h. Trifluoperazine, EGTA, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase inhibitors, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers inhibited IL-8 production, indicating a critical dependence of calcium and oxidative stress. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressor that inhibits calcineurin activity, on IL-8 release and IL-8 mRNA expression was observed. This is the first evidence of the involvement of ROS and calcium/calcineurin in IgE-dependent IL-8 production. These findings open new perspectives into the functional role of neutrophils in IgE-associated diseases.
EFFECT OF THE SURFACTANT ON ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF PALM OIL IN MICROEMULSION (1994)

ABSTRACT Lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of a triglyceride, palm oil, was performed in L2 type microemulsions based on different surfactants. Isooctane was used as hydrocarbon and the composition of the microemulsions was the same in all experiments. NMR self-diffusion measurements indicated that all microemulsions consisted of closed water droplets and that the structure did not change much during the course of the reaction. The hydrolysis was fast in the microemulsions based on branched-chain anionic or nonionic surfactant but very slow when a branched cationic or a linear nonionic surfactant was used. The cationic surfactant was found to form aggregates with the enzyme. No such interactions were detected with the other surfactants.
PARP2 controls double-strand break repair pathway choice by limiting 53BP1 accumulation at DNA damage sites and promoting end-resection (2017)

Double strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most toxic lesions to cells. DSB repair by the canonical non-homologous end-joining (C-EJ) pathway involves minor, if any, processing of the broken DNA-ends, whereas the initiation of DNA resection channels the broken-ends toward DNA repair pathways using various lengths of homology. Mechanisms that control the resection initiation are thus central to the regulation to the choice of DSB repair pathway. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms which regulate the initiation of DNA end-resection is of prime importance. Our findings reveal that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP2) is involved in DSBR pathway choice independently of its PAR synthesis activity. We show that PARP2 favors repair by homologous recombination (HR), single strand annealing (SSA) and alternative-end joining (A-EJ) rather than the C-EJ pathway and increases the deletion sizes at A-EJ junctions. We demonstrate that PARP2 specifically limits the accumulation of the resection barrier factor 53BP1 at DNA damage sites, allowing efficient CtIP-dependent DNA end-resection. Collectively, we have identified a new PARP2 function, independent of its PAR synthesis activity, which directs DSBs toward resection-dependent repair pathways.
Validation of Sleep EEG-based Brain Age Index for Dementia-related Diseases (4427) (2020)

Using a dataset of 11,039 sleep studies, we aim to investigate the association between brain ages index (BAI) and dementia and validate sleep EEG-based brain age as a biomarker for dementia. We hypothesize that patients with dementia-related diseases have significantly higher BAI than patients without dementia.
Force-displacement measurement using simultaneous phase-shifting technique (2019)

Abstract This paper presents a novel simultaneous phase-shifting technique for force-displacement measurement. A demonstration with instantaneous 4-step phase shift for measuring displacement through shadow moiré is reported. The merits of the proposed technique consist of fewer signal wires and less susceptibility to electromagnetic waves and vibrations. The experimental results show that the proposed design has a good linear relationship between the force and the displacement, leading to various applications, such as tactile sensors.
Novel diaphragm design enabling pressure sensing platform using universal strain sensor chip (2017)

A novel diaphragm design was proposed for enabling wide-range pressure sensing platform using a universal strain sensor chip. A pressure sensor consists of a metal diaphragm designed to meet sensor specifications, and the sensor chip attached on the diaphragm. The sensor chip has four piezoresistive gauges concentrated on the center, and it outputs voltage depending on strain difference between x and y axes. This concentrated gauge design gives the diaphragm diversity in its design. Two diaphragm designs, rectangle type and hour-glass type, were proposed to enable this concept by giving large XY strain difference at the center of the diaphragm. It was verified that a sufficient sensitivity could be obtained with the rectangle type even with thicker diaphragm than the conventional circle one, and the sensitivity was almost doubled with the hour-glass type. High robustness against assembling position error of the sensor chip was also verified.
Active Noise Reduction in Ventilation Ducts (2010)

ANC is commonly used in several noise exposed areas. The basic Idea has been extensively analyzed in literature, especially for cancellation of sinusoidal noise in ducts. Here, the challenge for an ANC-System is the attenuation of undesired broadband noise in a ventilation duct with high air flow. In this case special consideration must be given towards the performance of the acoustic sensors while exposed to turbulent flow. The concept of a Swinbanks-source in combination with an adaptive filter appears to fit well for the given problem. Furthermore, causality constraints concerning the feed forward adaptive controller are analyzed with respect to sensor- and actuator placement. In an experimental setup with a duct of 8 m length and a diameter of 350 mm, noise attenuation of 14 dB in a frequency range from 50<f<450 Hertz can be achieved downstream of the control source.