gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Through-hole processing of aluminum nitride and silicon wafers using short-pulse lasers&lt;/title&gt; (2004)

Compact short pulse (200 - 350 ps) laser systems using SBS and SRS pulse compression techniques have been constructed. Fine processing of aluminum nitride and silicon wafer has been studied by using these laser pulses and compared with the results processed by 60 femto second laser system. Through-holes are formed on wafers by irradiation of the laser pulses, and the relationship between hole shapes and the processing conditions has been studied. The hole shape relates with the focusing length of the lens, laser fluence, pulse width and the wave length. Trepanning technique has been examined also to improve the hole shape. The result is quite.
Potential Inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (2006)

The role of the brain's innate immune system in Alzheimer pathogenesis is now well established. Proinflammatory cytokines elaborated by this system, in particular activated microglia-derived interleukin-1 (IL-1), drive a cascade of neurotoxic changes that are important for the development and progression of both the neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Cytokine expression may also be modulated by variants of genes. For instance, inheritance of certain IL-1 gene variants is associated with Alzheimer's disease. The potential for using blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines as biomarkers of disease progression, however, remains unrealized. The interpretation of cytokine levels in the blood is complicated by the fact, for example, that the overexpression of IL-1 in Alzheimer brain may act to increase adrenal cortisol production through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which acts to limit macrophage activation and peripheral cytokine production.
Charge Transfer in Non-PGM ORR Catalysts in Alkaline Media (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Site-specific cleavage of a protein via introducing a hydroxy acid derivative in the main chain by using four-base codon/anticodon pairs (2001)

Site-specific incorporation of the tyrosine isostere (2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid) into streptavidin was accomplished by in vitro frameshift suppression of a CGGG 4-base mutation with a chemically acylated frameshift suppressor tRNA(cccg). The mutant, in which the backbone amide linkage is replaced by an ester linkage, is hydrolyzed under neutral condition. The cleavage rate of the protein backbone at a single-predetermined site was strongly depended on the incorporated position of the isostere.
A 23-Year-Old Man with Unexplained Fevers, Diffuse Pains, and Rash (2012)

Case 14e: A 23 year-old man from Ecuador presented with a one-month history of sore throat, diffuse joint pains, chest pain, abdominal pain, fever, and a pruritic erythematous rash. His chest pain was exacerbated by lying flat, and his abdominal pain was worst in the right upper quadrant.
Color constancy and color discrimination (1985)

I have been studying the implications of the hypothesis that the mechanisms of light adaptation compute an internal representation of the retinal image that discounts the spectral power distribution of the ambient light in order to estimate the surface spectral reflectances of objects in the image. I review two consequences of this hypothesis for color discrimination. First, I describe the formulas for estimating surface spectral reflectances from the photoreceptor quantum absorptions. From these formulas, I derive predictions for color discrimination based on the estimated surface spectral reflectances. The structure of the color discrimination equations based on surface spectral reflectance estimates is essentially the same as MacAdam and Silberstein’s line-element equations. The interpretation of the equations with respect to empirical measures—such as wavelength discrimination and the MacAdam ellipses—is somewhat different. The most important difference arises because the observer’s estimate of the local ambient light spectral power distribution, rather than a central measure of the local quantum catch, is assumed to govern the state of light adaptation. Second, I describe how we are attempting to use the color difference measurement based on estimated surface reflectance to predict color differences in spatially complex displays.
Phylogenetic diversity of Streptococcus suis strains of various serotypes as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison (1998)

The 16S rRNA gene sequences of reference strains of Streptococcus suis serotypes 1-34 and 1/2 were determined. A comparative sequence analysis showed that the degree of sequence similarity between S. suis reference strains ranged from 93.94 to 100%. A dendrogram was constructed from the similarity matrix. Thirty-two strains representing 32 serotypes fell into a major group divided into three clusters. The other strains, S. suis serotypes 32, 33 and 34, were more distant. Biochemical characterization of the six more distant strains, including S. suis serotypes 20, 22, 26, 32, 33 and 34, revealed a profile similar to that of other S. suis serotypes. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of S. suis reference strains with sequences of other members of the genus Streptococcus indicated that, with the exception of S. suis serotypes 32, 33 and 34, reference strains did not cluster with any other species in the genus. In conclusion, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis defined a major group of S. suis reference strains which were very closely related and a higher divergence for S. suis serotypes 32, 33 and 34. However, to date, there is no strong evidence to reclassify strains of these serotypes in another species.
Vaccine-induced ICOS+CD38+ circulating Tfh are sensitive biosensors of age-related changes in inflammatory pathways (2021)

Humoral immune responses are dysregulated with aging, but the cellular and molecular pathways involved remain incompletely understood. In particular, little is known about the effects of aging on T follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 cells, the key cells that provide help to B cells for effective humoral immunity. We performed transcriptional profiling and cellular analysis on circulating Tfh before and after influenza vaccination in young and elderly adults. First, whole-blood transcriptional profiling shows that ICOS<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>+</sup> cTfh following vaccination preferentially enriches in gene sets associated with youth versus aging compared to other circulating T cell types. Second, vaccine-induced ICOS<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>+</sup> cTfh from the elderly had increased the expression of genes associated with inflammation, including tumor necrosis factor-nuclear factor κB (TNF-NF-κB) pathway activation. Finally, vaccine-induced ICOS<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>+</sup> cTfh display strong enrichment for signatures of underlying age-associated biological changes. These data highlight the ability to use vaccine-induced cTfh as cellular "biosensors" of underlying inflammatory and/or overall immune health.
“The Role of the Unfolded Protein Response in Mediating Adaptations to Exercise Responsiveness” (2018)

Aging is associated with altered mitochondrial physiology and exercise responsiveness in skeletal muscle. Activation of the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (UPR ER ) and mitochondria (UPR MT ) is linked with exercise‐induced adaptations in skeletal muscle, but the possibility that these processes impact exercise responsiveness and mitochondrial function in older humans has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate age‐related changes in UPR ER and UPR MT gene transcripts and protein abundance in response to a single bout of exercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 12 young (27±5 yr) and 12 older (75±5 yr) well‐matched, healthy men and women before exercise and 18h following a single bout of unilateral leg extension. Before exercise, a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that 27 genes associated with the UPR ER were upregulated in the older subjects compared to the young (enrichment false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.0842). After exercise, GSEA indicated upregulated UPR ER genes in both the young (FDR = 0.0405) and older subjects (FDR = 0.0619), however, pathway activation analysis revealed significantly greater activation of UPR ER and UPR MT gene transcripts post‐exercise in the younger subjects ( P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, age did not affect key UPR‐regulatory protein abundance 18h post‐exercise. Interestingly, statistically significant correlations were observed in the young subjects between the mitochondrial transcriptional coactivator, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α) and key regulatory genes associated with the UPR ER (GRP78, R = 0.67; ATF6, R = 0.70) and the UPR MT (HSPE1, R = 0.61; HSPD1, R = 0.55; and HSPA9, R = 0.79), which were not evident in the older subjects. In conclusion, transcriptomic analysis revealed an age‐related decline in the adaptive UPR ER and UPR MT transcriptional response following a single bout of exercise that could potentially explain, in part, impaired exercise responsiveness and mitochondrial dysfunction with age. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
55.1: Development of a CD‐ROM Interactive Information Display Tutorial: A Project in Display Education (2000)

Abstract An interactive program on flat panel displays is being developed as an educational resource for the display community. While it will introduce the scientific, mathematical, engineering, and human factors concepts that influence display design, it is intended to complement traditional training in the sciences and engineering for those entering the display field and to serve as a comprehensive resource for display engineers.
Plants as a source of anti‐cancer and anti‐HIV agents (2003)

Summary Plant‐derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several clinically useful anti‐cancer agents. These include vinblastine, vincristine, the camptothecin derivatives, topotecan and irinotecan, etoposide, and paclitaxel (Taxol®). Several promising new agents are in clinical development based on selective activity against cancer‐related molecular targets, including flavopiridol and Combretastatin A4 phosphate. Recently, plants have yielded several agents showing anti‐AIDS activity, and one of these, (+)‐calanolide A, is in clinical development.
Investigations of Local Electrical Properties of Pentacene Thin Films by Dual-Probe Atomic Force Microscopy (2010)

We performed local electrical transport measurement on single grains of a pentacene thin film using a lab-built dual-probe atomic force microscopy (DP-AFM) system. We brought two conducting cantilever tips in contact with a single grain and successfully measured the p-type field-effect characteristics. Moreover, we investigated the effect of contact resistance on the measured characteristics by performing a series of transport measurements while varying tip distance. The contact resistance and hole mobility of the channel region were estimated as 3.1 GΩ and 2.7×10 -2 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , respectively. The results demonstrate the applicability of the DP-AFM system to the nanometer-scale transport measurement of molecules.
Elimination Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-infizierter Hepatozyten durch CD95-mediierte Apoptose (2009)

Einleitung: Wir konnten bisher zeigen, dass eine HBV-Infektion Apoptose-Signalwege von primären humanen Hepatozyten (PHH) und Hepatomzellen beeinflusst. HBV und das Tumorsuppressorgen p53 kooperieren in der Transaktivierung des CD95 Gens. Dies führt zu einer Hochregulation des CD95 Rezeptors und zu einer Sensitivierung gegenüber CD95-mediierter Apoptose. Dies legt nahe, dass die Elimination HBV-positiver Leberzellen durch Apoptose erfolgt, die durch das CD95 System ausgelöst wird. Wir haben dies in der Kokultur HBV-infizierter Hepatozyten mit CD95 Liganden-exprimierenden Lymphozyten untersucht.
Surgical management of intrinsic sphincter deficiency in women (2000)

The past decade has witnessed significant changes not only in our understanding of intrinsic sphincter deficiency, but also in our surgical approach to this problem. It became evident that the patient's medical condition, expectations, and degree of incontinence should define the approach in order to make the greatest impact on quality of life. The present review describes the current concepts and surgical approaches to intrinsic sphincter deficiency, namely slings, injectables, and artificial sphincters.
A left-turn driving aid using projected oncoming vehicle paths with augmented reality (2013)

Making left turns across oncoming traffic without a protected left-turn signal is a significant safety concern at intersections. In a left turn situation, the driver typically does not have the right of way and must determine when to initiate the turn maneuver safely. It has been reported that a driver's inability to correctly judge the velocity and time gap of the oncoming vehicles is a major cause of left turn crashes. Although the position and velocity of surrounding vehicles is available using camera and laser based vehicle detection and tracking, methods on how to effectively communicate such information to help the driver have been relatively under-explored. In this paper, we describe a left turn aid that displays a 3 second projected path of the oncoming vehicle in the driver's environment with a 3D Head-Up Display (3D-HUD). Utilizing the abilities of our 3D-HUD to show the projected path in Augmented Reality (AR) could help increase driver intuition and alleviate visual distraction as compared to other possible non-AR solutions. Through an iterative process utilizing early user feedback, the design of the left turn aid was refined to interfere less with the driver view and be more effective. A pilot study has been designed for a driving simulation environment and can be used to evaluate the potential of the proposed AR left turn aid in helping the driver be more cautious or efficient when turning left.
WEIGHT LOSS BY EXERCISE AMD DIET DECREASES FAT-FREE MASS SIMILARLY IN OLDER OBESE HEN (1992)

Dangel, D. R.; Hagberg, J. M. FACSM; Drinkwater, D. T.; Lakatta, L. E.; Goldberg, A. P. Author Information
2A2-R05 Interfacial Analysis for Noninvasive Wettability Assessment of Cell Sheet(Bio-Manipulation) (2012)

This study discusses interfacial analysis of cell sheet surface for evaluating the wetting characteristic of cell sheet quantitatively and noninvasively as much as possible. After squeezing culture media on the cell sheet by air-jet, the squeezed width of culture media is related to surface wettability of cell sheet by theoretical analysis. The squeezed width is correlated with the gene expression levels of mucin family, which is main component of mucosal surface.
Stereoselective Addition of a Wittig Reagent To Give a Single Nucleoside Oxaphosphetane Diastereoisomer. Synthesis of 2′(and 3′)-Deoxy-2′(and 3′)-methyleneuridine (and cytidine) Derivatives from Uridine Ketonucleosides (1991)

Treatment of 3′,5′(or 2′,5′)-bis-O-silyl-protected 2′(or 3′)-ketouridine derivatives with methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and sodium 2-methyl-2-butoxide in diethyl ether/benzene at 0-4°C resulted in the slow formation of the corresponding 2′(or 3′)-deoxy-2′(or 3′)-methylene analogues. 1H- and 31P-NMR spectra were in harmony with formation of a single oxaphosphetane diastereoisomer during early stages of the Wittig reaction. Conversions of protected deoxymethyleneuridine to deoxymethylenecytidine derivatives were effected smoothly via 4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) intermediates. Deprotection with tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave 2′(or 3′)-deoxy-2′(or 3′)-methyleneuridine and cytidine nucleosides.
Cell tropism of wild-type measles virus is affected by amino acid substitutions in the P, V and M proteins, or by a truncation in the C protein (2004)

Two nucleotide differences in the P/C/V and M genes between B95a cell- and Vero cell-isolated wild-type measles viruses (MV) have previously been found from the same patient. The nucleotide difference in the P/C/V gene resulted in an amino acid difference (M175I) in the P and V proteins and a 19 aa deletion in the C protein. The nucleotide difference in the M gene resulted in an amino acid difference (P64H) in the M protein. To verify this result and to examine further whether the amino acid difference or truncation is important for MV cell tropism, recombinant MV strains containing one of the two nucleotide substitutions, or both, were generated. It was found that the P64H substitution in the M protein was important for efficient virus growth and dissemination in Vero cells and that the M175I substitution in the P and V protein or truncation of the C protein was required for optimal growth.
Approximate Content-Addressable Memories: A Review (2023)

Content-addressable memory (CAM) has been part of the memory market for more than five decades. CAM can carry out a single clock cycle lookup based on the content rather than an address. Thanks to this attractive feature, CAM is utilized in memory systems where a high-speed content lookup technique is required. However, typical CAM applications only support exact matching, as opposed to approximate matching, where a certain Hamming distance (several mismatching characters between a query pattern and the dataset stored in CAM) needs to be tolerated. Recent interest in approximate search has led to the development of new CAM-based alternatives, accelerating the processing of large data workloads in the realm of big data, genomics, and other data-intensive applications. In this review, we provide an overview of approximate CAM and describe its current and potential applications that would benefit from approximate search computing.
Continuous equipment diagnosis using evidence integration: an LPCVD application (1991)

A diagnostic system that employs the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidential reasoning technique to conduct malfunction diagnosis on semiconductor manufacturing equipment has been developed. This is accomplished by combining the continuous stream of information that originates from maintenance status records, from real-time sensor measurements, and from the differences between inline measurements and values predicted by equipment models. Using this information, equipment malfunctions are analyzed and their causes are inferred through the resolution of qualitative and quantitative constraints. The qualitative constraints describe the normal operation of the equipment. The quantitative constraints are numerical models that apply to the manufacturing step in question. These models are specifically created and characterized through experimentation and statistical analysis, and they can be updated to reflect equipment aging. The violation of these constraints is linked to the evaluation of continuous belief functions for the calculation of the belief associated with the various types of failure. The belief functions encapsulate the experience of many equipment maintenance specialists. Once created, the belief functions can be fine-tuned automatically, drawing from historical maintenance records. These records are stored in symbolic form to facilitate this task, and they must be updated to track equipment changes over time. A prototype of this diagnostic system was implemented in an object-oriented programming environment. The effectiveness of this technique was demonstrated on a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) reactor used for the deposition of undoped polysilicon.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A quantum cascade laser-pumped molecular laser tunable over 1 THz (2022)

Despite decades of research, no frequency tunable sources span the terahertz gap between 0.3 and 3 THz. By introducing methyl fluoride (CH3F) as a new gain medium for a quantum cascade laser-pumped molecular laser (QPML), we demonstrate continuous-wave lasing from more than 120 discrete transitions, spanning the range from 0.25 to 1.3 THz. Thanks to its large permanent dipole moment and large rotational constants, methyl fluoride (CH3F) as a QPML gain medium combines a lower threshold, a larger power efficiency, and a wider tuning range than other molecules. These key features of the CH3F QPML, operated in a compact cavity at room temperature, pave the way to a versatile THz source to bridge the THz gap.
Urban Mobility Data Management – The OPTICITIES Project and the Madrid Standardization Proposal (2016)

Urban mobility is an increasingly complex challenge for the cities, and involves many different aspects. An aspect central to the problem is the management of mobility data in the cities. The traditional approach has resulted in data silos implemented and mostly valid only for the city for which they were developed. The OPTICITIES project aims at providing a common framework for multimodal transport management and service provision in the urban environment. A thorough analysis of all the relevant aspects related to the urban data management will be performed in a number of European cities. Working on the idea of local implementations, an overall interoperability framework and local data management profiles of data formats and interfaces are being defined and tested. Working closely with ISO and CEN standardisation groups, it is expected that OPTICITIES will impact directly on reference standard drafts. Additionally, cities usually present also particularities that cannot be addressed exclusively from a technical point of view. The city and region of Madrid, Spain, has done a huge effort in order to integrate operators’ data in a common platform, but needs to consider legacy and new systems, and other factors. The OPTICITIES project aims to integrate all these factors into an implementation guidelines handbook that will allow any city, regardless of the currently used systems and applications, to address the deployment of advanced multimodal data management elements.