gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The neon nova. II - Condensation of silicate grains in the ejecta of Nova Vulpeculae 1984 number 2 (1986)

Infrared photometry of Nova Vulpeculae 1984 number 2 (NV2) from 2.3 to 19.5 microns during May 14, 1985 to March 31, 1986 shows that silicate grains had condensed and grown in the nova ejecta by August 23, 1985, 240 days after the eruption. A relative overabundance of oxygen in the nova shell seems indicated. Forbidden 12.8-micron Ne II forbidden line emission was a factor of about 41 above the continuum at a spectral resolution of 67 on day 240; the line persisted through day 461. The anomalous chemical composition of NV2's ejecta supports recent suggestions that ONeMg white dwarfs (evolved from 8-12 solar-mass progenitor stars) are accreting matter in binary systems.
Data set for- Anion transport and binding properties of N,N'-(phenylmethylene)dibenzamide based receptors. (2015)

NMR Titration data Transport data
N13-N2(1). (1978)

13N when coupled with a positron camera allows excellent quantification and imaging of regional lung function. The studies can be readily repeated since the half-life of the 13N is uncer 10 min and the radiation dose to the patient with each study is low. The very low solubility of 13N not only enhances lung imaging but reduces total body radiation by remaining confined to the lung.
Pediatric emergency department visits for pedestrian and bicyclist injuries in the US (2017)

TBI in young pedestrian ED patients was associated with a higher risk of mortality compared to cyclists. There is a role for concurrent clinical focus on TBI recovery alongside ongoing efforts to mitigate and prevent motor vehicle crashes with pedestrians and bicyclists. Differences between youth pedestrian and cycling injury trends merit further exploration and localized analyses, with respect to behavior patterns and interventions. ED data captures a substantially larger number of pediatric pedestrian injuries compared to crash reports and can play a role in those analyses.
Multipartite d-Level Two-Photon Cluster States and Their Entanglement Detection Via Feasible Witness Operators (2020)

We demonstrate the first multipartite d-level cluster state by using two-photon hyper-entanglement in time and frequency, and validate its genuine entanglement via a novel witness operator enabling feasible detection of any complex quantum state.
The effects of sea spray and atmosphere–wave coupling on air–sea exchange during a tropical cyclone (2018)

Abstract. The study investigates the role of the air–sea interface using numerical simulations of Hurricane Arthur (2014) in the Atlantic. More specifically, the present study aims to discern the role ocean surface waves and sea spray play in modulating the intensity and structure of a tropical cyclone (TC). To investigate the effects of ocean surface waves and sea spray, numerical simulations were carried out using a coupled atmosphere–wave model, whereby a sea spray microphysical model was incorporated within the coupled model. Furthermore, this study also explores how sea spray generation can be modelled using wave energy dissipation due to whitecaps; whitecaps are considered as the primary mode of spray droplets generation at hurricane intensity wind speeds. Three different numerical simulations including the sea- state-dependent momentum flux, the sea-spray-mediated heat flux, and a combination of the former two processes with the sea-spray-mediated momentum flux were conducted. The foregoing numerical simulations were evaluated against the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy and satellite altimeter measurements as well as a control simulation using an uncoupled atmosphere model. The results indicate that the model simulations were able to capture the storm track and intensity: the surface wave coupling results in a stronger TC. Moreover, it is also noted that when only spray-mediated heat fluxes are applied in conjunction with the sea-state-dependent momentum flux, they result in a slightly weaker TC, albeit stronger compared to the control simulation. However, when a spray-mediated momentum flux is applied together with spray heat fluxes, it results in a comparably stronger TC. The results presented here allude to the role surface friction plays in the intensification of a TC.
429 Intramedullary Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations—Definition of Two Distinct Subtypes (2023)

INTRODUCTION: Intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations (SpiAVM) are complex lesions. Due to their rarity, reports of their management and outcomes are limited. METHODS: Our neurovascular database was reviewed SpiAVMs between January 1986 and December 2021. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and outcome data were obtained. Eccentric SpiAVMs were defined as those with a significant portion presenting through the pia mater into the subarachnoid space, with large vessels coursing outside the parenchyma. Concentric SpiAVMs were defined as those embedded within the spinal cord parenchyma, not presenting to pia mater, and well circumscribed. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients (mean [SD] age, 34 [15] years; female sex, 34) were identified. Patients exhibited myelopathy (88%), including pain (51%), paresis (88%), sensory deficits (46%), and bowel and bladder dysfunction (46%). Twenty-seven patients (46%) presented with hemorrhage. Forty-nine percent of lesions were located in the cervical spine and 51% in the thoracic spine. Thirty-five lesions (59%) were previously embolized. Twenty-eight patients (51%) were classified as eccentric and 27 (49%) as concentric SpiAVMs. Postoperative outcomes were similar with no significant differences (improved, 8/18 [44%] vs. 9/17 [53%]; unchanged, 8/18 [44%] vs. 7/17 [41%]; worse, 2/18 [11%] vs. 1/17 [6%]). Retreatment rates were not significantly different between both subtypes (eccentric, 9/28 [32%]; concentric, 6/27 [22%]). Eccentric and concentric SpiAVMs were associated with similar rates of complete resection (eccentric, 14/26 [54%], concentric, 18/26 [69%]). Of 55 classifiable lesions, 4 (7%) were determined to have a mixed phenotype, harboring characteristics of eccentric and concentric SpiAVMs. CONCLUSIONS: Intramedullary AVMs may cause significant symptoms. The eccentric and concentric subtypes have different angioarchitecture and outcomes. While complete resection is usually the preferred surgical objective, eccentric SpiAVMs are amenable to the pial resection that may achieve angiographic obliteration without complete resection.
Animal Eyes and Video Surveillance (2011)

1.1 "Natural engineering", human engineering, and "artificial abstraction" Nature created a multitude of forms of animal eyes as a manifestation of "natural engineering." Human engineering (HE) came much later, creating its own forms of artificial vision or video imagery, some of them as repetitions of natural engineering (NE) and some of them as supposed-to-be NE-repetitions (i.e., possibly wrong guesses); these latter we call "artificial abstractions" (AAs), being an interesting product of human imagination. This paper is about relationships among these various forms of engineering in respect to animal eyes. Although the earth has existed for several billion years, the vast majority of animal forms having eyes similar to those in existence today appeared during the so-called Cambrian explosion, about 530 million years ago, probably related to development of a new NE-based concept of operation (CONOPS): visually-guided-predation, which, in turn, created new NEconstructions: larger (macroscopic) animals with hardened tissue. This hardened tissue was necessary to create pigment-based vignetting effect, a precursor of animal vision (Fig. Through the movement of such a primitive eye (through all-body movement), various photoreceptors would receive different optical signals, thus, creating a kind of spatial vision. Further NE developments have bifurcated into two basic directions: apposition eyes (such as bug eyes) and imaging eyes, the latter to be found in almost all vertebrates. In Section 2, we will discuss one of the first attempts to study the animal eye, Maxwell's "fish-eye," and aquatic eyes based on Graded-Index (GRIN) optics, including an Artificial Abstraction (AA): "fish-eye" catadioptric systems. In Section 3 the recently discovered concept of the lobster eye is reviewed in detail, while in Section 4 both natural vision and artificial color vision are studied. In Section 5, optical imaging resolution/sensitivity, in the context of animal eyes, are studied, while in Section 6, animal mirrors, vignetting, anti-reflection (AR) structures, total internal reflection, camouflage, and the other natural optical elements are discussed. In Section 7, a new concept of spectral imaging as a manifestation of HE-based apposition eyes, is introduced. In Section 8, the neurophysiology of the retina and visual cortex, in the context of video imagery, is analyzed, and, finally, a summary and overall discussion of AA examples, are presented in Section 9. Abbreviations are reduced to a minimum, although some of them, such as HE, NE, and AA, are used throughout the text for the sake of space. Some others, such as TIR, GRIN, CONOPS are commonly used in engineering literature. Others, containing a great many words, are used only locally for the sake of space.
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection in the Patient With Spinal Injury (2003)

Risk factors for surgical site infection in the acute trauma setting are identified. Two surgical teams may be involved without causing a higher rate of infection.
Chemical Defense and Antifouling Activity of Three Mediterranean Sponges of the Genus Ircinia (2002)

The defense roles and the antifouling activity of the organic extracts and the major metabolites of the sponges Ircinia oros, I. variabilis and I. spinosula were investigated. The antifeedant activity was tested in experimental aquaria on the generalist predator fish Thalassoma pavo as well as in coastal ecosystems rich in fishes. Some of the major metabolites exhibited high levels of antifeedant activity. The antifouling activity was tested in laboratory assays, against representatives of the major groups of fouling organisms (marine bacteria, marine fungi, diatoms, macroalgae and mussels). All extracts showed promising levels of activity. As was expected, no single extract was active in all tests and some fractions that were effective against one organism showed little or no activity against the others. The high but variable level of antifouling activity in combination with the absence of toxicity (tested on the development of oyster and sea urchin larvae) shows the potential of these metabolites to become ingredients in environmentally friendly antifouling preparations.
First-Line Treatment of Advanced/Metastatic Melanoma with Anti-PD-1 Antibodies: Multicenter Experience in Poland (2020)

<b>Aim:</b> To evaluate treatment results in advanced/metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in routine practice in oncology centers in Poland. <b>Methods:</b> Multicenter retrospective analysis included 499 patients with unresectable/metastatic (stage IIIC-IV) melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 in first-line therapy. <b>Results:</b> Estimated median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 19.9 and 7.9 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis confirmed that ECOG 0, no brain metastases, normal lactate dehydrogenase level and occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were statistically significantly associated with improved OS and PFS. Any irAE occurred in 24% of patients. Grade 3 or Grade 4 irAEs occurred in 6% of patients. <b>Conclusion:</b> Analysis revealed a slightly worse OS in real-world treatment in comparison to clinical trials (KEYNOTE-006 and CheckMate 066). Polish population treatment results are similar to other studies of real-world data. PFS and ORR are similar in our research and clinical trials.
High-power and high-contrast optical parametric chirped pulse amplification in β-BaB_2O_4 crystal (2003)

We have developed a high-power laser system based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification in a beta-BaB2O4 crystal. The system provides gain of 10(8), a conversion efficiency of approximately 23%, an output energy of -65 mJ, and good amplified beam quality. The prepulse ratio has been measured to be 1.5 x 10(-8) or less. The spectral width was as broad as 16.5 nm centered at 1053 nm.
Genetic and Phenotypic Variation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus during Serial Passages in a Natural Host (2007)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), like other RNA viruses, exhibits high mutation rates during replication that have been suggested to be of adaptive value. However, even though genetic variation in RNA viruses and, more specifically, FMDV has been extensively examined during virus replication in a wide variety of in vitro cell cultures, very little is known regarding the generation and effects of genetic variability of virus replication in the natural host under experimental conditions and no genetic data are available regarding the effects of serial passage in natural hosts. Here, we present the results of 20 serial contact transmissions of the highly pathogenic, pig-adapted O Taiwan 97 (O Tw97) isolate of FMDV in swine. We examined the virus genomic consensus sequences for a total of 37 full-length viral genomes recovered from 20 in vivo passages. The characteristics and distributions of changes in the sequences during the series of pig infections were analyzed in comparison to the O Tw97 genomes recovered from serially infected BHK-21 cell cultures. Unexpectedly, a significant reduction of virulence upon pig passages was observed, and finally, interruption of the viral transmission chain occurred after the14th pig passage (T14). Virus was, however, isolated from the tonsils and nasal swabs of the asymptomatic T15 pigs at 26 days postcontact, consistent with a natural establishment of the carrier state previously described only for ruminants. Surprisingly, the region encoding the capsid protein VP1 (1D) did not show amino acid changes during in vivo passages. These data demonstrate that contact transmission of FMDV O Tw97 in pigs mimics the fitness loss induced by the bottleneck effect, which was previously observed by others during plaque-to-plaque FMDV passage in vitro, suggesting that unknown mechanisms of virulence recovery might be necessary during the evolution and perpetuation of FMDV in nature.
Ran Moderation In 5G Dynamic Radio Topology (2017)

<em>Abstract</em>—The standardization for the fifth generation (5G) of mobile and wireless networks is at its early phase and has recently completed the first study item in Release 14. Nevertheless, there is a consensus that 5G will address the diverse service requirements of high-variety use cases. The network shall cope with such variation effectively and cost-efficiently even though the requirements can change over space and time. The design of the radio topology for the peak service demand is, thus, not desirable for network operators. As a consequence, the trend is towards more flexible network deployment. In this context, dynamic radio topology through vehicular nomadic nodes (VNNs) is an emerging concept towards 5G to efficiently address non-uniformly distributed traffic. VNNs are aimed to overcome the lack of flexibility induced by small cells that are deployed at fixed locations via network planning in current wireless networks. A VNN is a low-power access node with wireless self-backhaul, which can be activated temporarily to provide additional system capacity and/or coverage on demand. VNNs can be integrated into vehicles, e.g., in car-sharing fleets. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of radio access network (RAN) moderation of VNNs in a multi-cell environment considering composite fading/shadowing environments with co-channel interference, where active VNNs are selected from a set of available candidate VNNs based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) on the wireless backhaul link. The results show that RAN moderation can significantly improve the end-to-end rate and SINR performances along with clear amount-of-fading (AoF) reduction.
Refractive effects in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (2016)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy with high sensitivity and high three-dimensional resolution has been developed for the vibrational imaging of chemical species. Due to the coherent nature of the CARS emission, it has been reported that the detection of epi-CARS and forward-CARS (F-CARS) signals depends on the size and shape of the sample. We investigate theoretically and experimentally the effects on the CARS signal of refractive index mismatches between the sample and its surroundings. Backward-CARS and F-CARS signals aremeasured for different polystyrene bead diameters embedded in different refractive index solvents. We show that index mismatches result in a backward-reflected F-CARS signal that generally dominates the experimentally backward-detected signal. Simula-tions based on geometrical and wave optics comparing forward- and backward-detected signals for polystyrene beads embedded in different index solvents confirm our findings. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the maxima of forward- and backward-detected signals are generated at different positions along the optical axis in the sample if refractive index mismatches are present between the sample and its surround-
Supplementary Figure 4 from Genome-wide CRISPR Screen Reveals RAB10 as a Synthetic Lethal Gene in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancers Carrying SMAD4 Loss (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RAB10 essentiality in cells having altered SMAD4 is confirmed by the in vitro CRISPR screen database DepMap&lt;/p&gt;
Multiresolution image processing techniques with applications in texture segmentation and nonlinear filtering (1995)

We present a new algorithm for segmentation of textured images using a multiresolution Bayesian approach. The algorithm uses a multiresolution Gaussian autoregressive (MGAR) model for the pyramid representation of the observed image, and assumes a multiscale Markov random field model for the class label pyramid. Unlike other approaches, which have either used a single-resolution representation of the observed image or implicitly assumed independence between different levels of a multiresolution representation of the observed image, the models used in this thesis incorporate correlations between different levels of both the observed image pyramid and the class label pyramid. The criterion used for segmentation is the minimization of the expected value of the number of misclassified nodes in the multiresolution lattice. The estimate which satisfies this criterion is referred to as the "multiresolution maximization of the posterior marginals" (MMPM) estimate, and is a natural extension of the single-resolution maximization of the posterior marginals (MPM) estimate. The parameters of the MGAR model--the means, prediction coefficients, and prediction error variances of the different textures--are unknown. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to estimate these parameters while simultaneously performing the segmentation. Analysis and experimental results demonstrating the performance of the algorithm are presented. We also propose new approaches for the extension of binary and grayscale morphological operations to color imagery. We investigate two approaches for "color morphology"--a vector approach and a component-wise approach. New vector morphological filtering operations are defined, and a set-theoretic analysis of these vector operations is presented. We also present experimental results comparing the performance of the vector approach and the component-wise approach for multiscale color image analysis and for noise suppression in color images. Finally, we describe a video coding technique which generates an embedded bit stream that provides complete data rate scalability. This video coding scheme is based on the Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) algorithm for still image compression. We present experimental results demonstrating the performance of the algorithm at various data rates.
Molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanism of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. (2010)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanism of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates including Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens collected from intensive care units(ICUs).METHODS Pulsed-field gelelectrophoresis(PFGE)and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR(ERIC-PCR)were perfomed to analyze the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant isolates.Specific PCRs and DNA sequencing,conjugation experiments,plasmid DNA extraction,plasmid transformation assays,elimination of plasmid from isolates,and SDS-PAGE of outer membrane proteins(OMPs)were performed to confirm genotype of carbapenemase and its transmission mechanism.RESULTS PFGE indicated that K.pneumoniae and S.marcescens isolates belonged to two different clones,E.coli isolates belonged to five clones.The MICs of both imipenem and meropenem were 16 to 128 μg/ml and 8 to 256 μg/ml.PCR and DNA sequencing suggested that all isolates encoded KPC-2.Conjugation experiments with E.coli(EC600)were succeeded in S.marcescens,and plasmid DNA extraction,plasmid transformation assays,and elimination of plasmid from some isolates all comfirmed that KPC-2 encoded on a 56 kb plasmid.OMPs analysis revealed that there were alterations in isolates of E.coli and S.marcescens.CONCLUSIONS Carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,E.coli and S.marcescens are isolated in our hospital.Production of KPC-2 carbapenemase mainly contributes to reduced susceptibility of carbapenem in Enterobacteriaceae isolates.The alterations in OMPs may as a cofactor in high-level drug-resistance in E.coli and S.marcescens.Vertical and horizontal plasmid-mediated transmission are probably the principal epidemical mechanism.
Forced KLF4 expression increases the generation of mature plasma cells and uncovers a network linked with plasma cell stage (2016)

A role of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the generation of mature plasma cells (PC) is unknown. Indeed, KLF4 is critical in controlling the differentiation of various cell linages, particularly monocytes and epithelial cells. KLF4 is expressed at low levels in pro-B cells and its expression increases as they mature into pre-B cells, resting naïve B cells and memory B cells. We show here that KLF4 is expressed in human bone marrow plasma cells and its function was studied using an in vitro model of differentiation of memory B cells into long lived plasma cells. KLF4 is rapidly lost when memory B cells differentiate into highly cell cycling plasmablasts, poorly cycling early plasma cells and then quiescent long-lived plasma cells. A forced expression of KLF4 in plasmablasts enhances the yield of their differentiation into early plasma cell and long lived plasma cells, by inhibiting apoptosis and upregulating previously unknown plasma cell pathways.
Stereo in-line holographic digital microscope (2019)

Biologists use optical microscopes to study plankton in the lab, but their size, complexity and cost makes widespread deployment of microscopes in lakes and oceans challenging. Monitoring the morphology, behavior and distribution of plankton in situ is essential as they are excellent indicators of marine environment health and provide a majority of Earth’s oxygen and carbon sequestration. Direct in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM) eliminates many of these obstacles, but image reconstruction is computationally intensive and produces monochromatic images. By using one laser and one white LED, it is possible to obtain the 3D location plankton by triangulation, limiting holographic reconstruction to only the voxels occupied by the plankton, reducing computation by several orders of magnitude. The color information from the white LED assists in the classification of plankton, as phytoplankton contains green-colored chlorophyll. The reconstructed plankton images are rendered in a 3D interactive environment, viewable from a browser, providing the user the experience of observing plankton from inside a drop of water.