gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Language for Online State Processing of Binary Sensors, Applied to Ambient Assisted Living (2018)

There is a large variety of binary sensors in use today, and useful context-aware services can be defined using such binary sensors. However, the currently available approaches for programming context-aware services do not conveniently support binary sensors. Indeed, no existing approach simultaneously supports a notion of state, central to binary sensors, offers a complete set of operators to compose states, allows to define reusable abstractions by means of such compositions, and implements efficient online processing of these operators. This paper proposes a new language for event processing specifically targeted to binary sensors. The central contributions of this language are a native notion of state and semi-causal operators for temporal state composition including: Allen's interval relations generalized for handling multiple intervals, and temporal filters for handling delays. Compared to other approaches such as CEP (complex event processing), our language provides less discontinued information, allows less restricted compositions, and supports reusable abstractions. We implemented an interpreter for our language and applied it to successfully rewrite a full set of real Ambient Assisted Living services. The performance of our prototype interpreter is shown to compete well with a commercial CEP engine when expressing the same services.
“Zero Preventable Deaths and Minimizing Disability”—The Challenge Set Forth by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017)

Stinner, Daniel J. MD; Johnson, Anthony E. MD; Pollak, Andrew MD; MacKenzie, Ellen PhD; Ficke, James R. MD; Mabry, Robert L. MD; Czarnik, James MD; Schmidt, Andrew MD Author Information
Optimal Control of Granular Material (2023)

The control of granular materials, showing up in many industrial applications, is a challenging open research problem. Granular material systems are complex-behavior (as they could have solid-, fluid-, and gas-like behaviors) and high-dimensional (as they could have many grains/particles with at least 3 DOF in 3D) systems. Recently, a machine learning-based Graph Neural Network (GNN) simulator has been proposed to learn the underlying dynamics. In this paper, we perform an optimal control of a rigid body-driven granular material system whose dynamics is learned by a GNN model trained by reduced data generated via a physics-based simulator and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We use Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) to obtain the optimal control commands that can form granular particles into a target shape. The model and results are shown to be relatively fast and accurate. The control commands are also applied to the ground-truth model,(i.e., physics-based simulator) to further validate the approach.
Impaired mitophagy in Sanfilippo a mice causes hypertriglyceridemia and brown adipose tissue activation (2022)

Lysosomal storage diseases result in various developmental and physiological complications, including cachexia. To study the causes for the negative energy balance associated with cachexia, we assessed the impact of sulfamidase deficiency and heparan sulfate storage on energy homeostasis and metabolism in a mouse model of type IIIa mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS IIIa, Sanfilippo A syndrome). At 12-weeks of age, MPS IIIa mice exhibited fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia compared with wildtype mice, with a reduction of white and brown adipose tissues. Partitioning of dietary [<sup>3</sup>H]triolein showed a marked increase in intestinal uptake and secretion, whereas hepatic production and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins did not differ from wildtype controls. Uptake of dietary triolein was also elevated in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and notable increases in beige adipose tissue occurred, resulting in hyperthermia, hyperphagia, hyperdipsia, and increased energy expenditure. Furthermore, fasted MPS IIIa mice remained hyperthermic when subjected to low temperature but became cachexic and profoundly hypothermic when treated with a lipolytic inhibitor. We demonstrated that the reliance on increased lipid fueling of BAT was driven by a reduced ability to generate energy from stored lipids within the depot. These alterations arose from impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion, resulting in increased mitochondria content in beige and BAT. Finally, we show that increased mitochondria content in BAT and postprandial dyslipidemia was partially reversed upon 5-week treatment with recombinant sulfamidase. We hypothesize that increased BAT activity and persistent increases in energy demand in MPS IIIa mice contribute to the negative energy balance observed in patients with MPS IIIa.
The Shoutcasters, the Game Enthusiasts, and the AI: Foraging for Explanations of Real-time Strategy Players (2020)

Assessing and understanding intelligent agents is a difficult task for users who lack an AI background. “Explainable AI” (XAI) aims to address this problem, but what should be in an explanation? One route toward answering this question is to turn to theories of how humans try to obtain information they seek. Information Foraging Theory (IFT) is one such theory. In this article, we present a series of studies 1 using IFT: the first investigates how expert explainers supply explanations in the RTS domain, the second investigates what explanations domain experts demand from agents in the RTS domain, and the last focuses on how both populations try to explain a state-of-the-art AI. Our results show that RTS environments like StarCraft offer so many options that change so rapidly, foraging tends to be very costly. Ways foragers attempted to manage such costs included “satisficing” approaches to reduce their cognitive load, such as focusing more on What information than on Why information, strategic use of language to communicate a lot of nuanced information in a few words, and optimizing their environment when possible to make their most valuable information patches readily available. Further, when a real AI entered the picture, even very experienced domain experts had difficulty understanding and judging some of the AI’s unconventional behaviors. Finally, our results reveal ways Information Foraging Theory can inform future XAI interactive explanation environments, and also how XAI can inform IFT.
What matters in reinforcement learning for tractography - Datasets (2023)

Datasets for "What matters in reinforcement learning for tractography". These can be used to train agents and reproduce the results in the article. <br> <br> The FiberCup, FiberCup Flipped and ISMRM2015 are "in-silico" datasets, whereas the TractoInferno subject is in-vivo.<br> The variations (_no, _raw) indicate the dataset used for the relevant experiment. The only difference in these variations lie in their configuration files and the .hdf5. The hcp_100206 dataset was used in a previous version of the article but is no longer relevant.
Kinetic control in the formation of self-assembled mixed monolayers on planar silica substrates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic control in the formation of self-assembled mixed monolayers on planar silica substratesDavid A. Offord and John H. GriffinCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 11, 3015–3025Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00035a046https://doi.org/10.1021/la00035a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comprehensive study on the effects of process parameters of alkaline thermal pretreatment followed by thermomechanical extrusion in sugar liberation from <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> wood (2020)

Abstract A combination of alkaline thermal pretreatment followed by thermomechanical extrusion was studied as a novel sequential pretreatment process for an effective breakdown of the lignocellulosic structure of Eucalyptus grandis wood (EW). The first step was studied by analysing the influence of two factors: the NaOH-to-dry biomass ratio or NaOH loading (NaOH/DM) and the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S). Optimization of these two parameters provided good results in terms of enzymatic hydrolysis at 5% (w w −1 ) solids loading, obtaining a total sugar concentration of 24.9 g L −1 and a total sugar production of 36.9 g 100 g −1 raw EW after pretreating the biomass at 20% NaOH/DM and L/S = 1/1. The second step of extrusion, when followed by a final washing step, provided a significant increase in glucose and xylose production when working at 10% NaOH/DM. For a soda loading of 20%, there was a clear improvement in sugars conversion yield after extrusion and washing: 71% for glucan conversion and 89% for xylan.
Commentary: Management of Microbiological Samples in a Confirmed Case of Ebola Virus Disease: Constraints and Limitations (2015)

In light of the recent Ebola virus outbreak, it has to be realized that besides medical treatment, precise algorithms for the management of complicating microbial infections are mandatory for Ebola virus disease (EVD) patients. While the necessity of such diagnostics is apparent, practical details are much less clear. Our approach, established during the treatment of an EVD patient at the University Hospital in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, provides a roadmap for reliable and safe on-site microbiological testing.
Parallel and Scalable Precise Clustering for Homologous Protein\n Discovery (2019)

This paper presents a new, parallel implementation of clustering and\ndemonstrates its utility in greatly speeding up the process of identifying\nhomologous proteins. Clustering is a technique to reduce the number of\ncomparison needed to find similar pairs in a set of $n$ elements such as\nprotein sequences. Precise clustering ensures that each pair of similar\nelements appears together in at least one cluster, so that similarities can be\nidentified by all-to-all comparison in each cluster rather than on the full\nset. This paper introduces ClusterMerge, a new algorithm for precise clustering\nthat uses transitive relationships among the elements to enable parallel and\nscalable implementations of this approach. We apply ClusterMerge to the\nimportant problem of finding similar amino acid sequences in a collection of\nproteins. ClusterMerge identifies 99.8% of similar pairs found by a full\n$O(n^2)$ comparison, with only half as many operations. More importantly,\nClusterMerge is highly amenable to parallel and distributed computation. Our\nimplementation achieves a speedup of 604$\\times$ on 768 cores (1400$\\times$\nfaster than a comparable single-threaded clustering implementation), a strong\nscaling efficiency of 90%, and a weak scaling efficiency of nearly 100%.\n
The Synthesis of Dehydroamino Acids from Pyruvic Acid (1997)

Abstract Dehydroamino acids can be prepared in a one-pot reaction from pyruvates in 47-74% yield.
&lt;title&gt;Improvement in the synthesis of Ni/Ti neutron mirrors&lt;/title&gt; (1992)

Improvement in the as-deposited structure of Ni/Ti multilayers is achieved through optimization of the sputter deposition process. In the as-deposited condition, these Ni/Ti multilayers are well suited for very high reflectivity (> 95%) neutron supermirror application. Smooth layering is produced with compositionally abrupt interfaces yielding an effective roughness less than 1 nm. The deposition parameters are controlled to produce a near thermalized condition for the sputtered neutrals. The Ni/Ti multilayer system is not structurally stable, however, when subject to moderate heating (> 300 degree(s)C) or irradiation. The in-use degradation of interface structure from neutron irradiation may be limitation for the Ni/Ti system.
The analysis of common metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1998)

Most organophosphorus pesticides may be metabolized to yield some common phosphates in human or in animals, and these metabolites may be used as the exposure biomarkers to pesticides. In this study, we developed the extraction method of four phosphate metabolites from the spiked human urine in high recovery by the solid phase extraction with a reverse-phase cartridge (cyclohexyl silica) followed by the elution with methanol. The extracted urinary metabolites were derivatized with hexamethyldisilazane/trimethyl-chlorosilane/pyridine (2 : 1 : 10, v/v/v) and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Calibration curve obtained from each metabolite standard using by GC/MS/SIM has shown good linearity and detection limits of metabolites were the range of 0.05-0.1 ㎍/㎖ in urine. Phenthoate, one of the organophosphorus pesticides, was orally administrated to rats. Four metabolites were detected in the rat urine. The results of this study may be applied to development of exposure biomarkers for monitoring of environmental pollutants.
Impact of expression mode and timing of sample collection, relative to milk ejection, on human milk bacterial DNA profiles (2021)

Hand or pump expression can be utilized to collect samples for microbiome studies. This has implications for the design of future HM microbiome studies.
Nasal and temporal curvatures of lamina CRIBROSA in myopic eyes (2022)

Little is known about the myopic characteristics of lamina cribrosa (LC) curvature. As such, we investigated nasal and temporal LC curvatures in myopia. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 144 myopic eyes (refraction < - 2D) and 88 non-myopic eyes (refraction > - 0.5D) underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography scanning of the LC. The anterior border of LC curvature was delineated with 17 points and interpolated with the "cardinal spline" curve-fitting method. The average curvature indices of the temporal and nasal sides were presented as the temporal and nasal curvatures. Myopic eyes had a mean refraction of - 6.7 ± 2.8D, while for non-myopic eyes, the value was 0.3 ± 1.0D. Nasal LC curvature was visible in 54 myopia (37.5%) and 42 non-myopia (47.7%) cases (P = 0.126), and temporal LC curvature was visible in 142 myopia (98.6%) and 68 non-myopia (77.3%) cases (P = 0.001). The nasal LC curvature was significantly larger in myopia than in non-myopia (P < 0.001). Contrastingly, the temporal LC curvature was significantly smaller in myopia than in non-myopia (P < 0.001). Axial length was associated with larger nasal LC curvature, smaller temporal LC curvature, and larger nasal-temporal LC curvature difference (all P's < 0.05). In myopic relative to non-myopic eyes, LC curvature was decreased temporally and increased nasally.
Autoantibodies against the Immunoglobulin-Binding Region of Ro52 Link its Autoantigenicity with Pathogen Neutralization (2018)

Ro52/TRIM21 plays a key role in antibody-dependent pathogen neutralization and is a major autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and other autoimmune diseases. Here we evaluated immunoreactivity against Ro52-related molecules in SS and healthy volunteers. Although most proteins examined were not antigenic, several TRIM paralogs, including TRIM22, and TRIM38, showed sporadic immunoreactivity in SS. In contrast, the murine Ro52 ortholog with limited linear homology demonstrated high levels of autoantibodies implicating the importance of shared conformational epitopes. To further explore the autoantigencity of Ro52, deletion and point mutant analyses were employed revealing previously hidden, robust autoantibodies directed against its C-terminal immunoglobulin-binding domain. Another autoantibody, rheumatoid factor, targeting the Fc region of IgG, strongly overlapped with Ro52 seropositivity (odds ratio 14; P < 0.0001). These convergent mechanistic findings support a model whereby intracellular Ro52-bound antibody-coated pathogen complexes, released or misprocessed from infected cells, drive autoantigenicity against Ro52 and the Fc region of IgG.
Effects of KRN633, an Inhibitor of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Tyrosine Kinase, on Vascular Development of Placenta and Fetus of Mid Pregnancy in Mice (2010)

Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway during pregnancy contributes to several pathologic pregnancies, such as hypertension, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction, but its effects on the fetus have not been fully examined. To determine how inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway affects the fetal vascular development of mid pregnancy, we treated pregnant mice daily with either the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor KRN633 (300 mg/kg, p.o.) or the vehicle from 13.5 to 15.5 day of pregnancy. On the 16.5 day of pregnancy, the vascular beds in the placenta and several organs of the fetus were visualized by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. All mice treated with KRN633 appeared healthy, and total numbers of fetuses per litter were unaffected. However, weights of the placenta and fetus from KRN633-treated mice were lower than those from the vehicle-treated ones. No external malformations and bleeding were observed in the placenta and fetus, whereas immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the vascular development in labyrinthine zone of placenta and fetal organs examined (skin, pancreas, kidney, and lung) were impaired by KRN633 treatment. These results suggest that inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway during mid pregnancy suppresses vascular growth of both the placenta and fetus without obvious health impairments of mother mice and increases the risk of induction of intrauterine growth restriction.
Navigability in Social Networks of Objects: The Importance of Friendship Type and Nodes' Distance (2017)

The Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is a novel communication paradigm according to which objects connected to the Internet create a dynamic social network that is mostly used to: route information and service requests, disseminate data, and evaluate the trust level of each member of the network. The performance of these processes is clearly dependent on the following SIoT aspects: i) the structure of the social network; ii) the types of service/information requests that will mostly characterize the interaction in the IoT/SIoT; iii) the rules used to navigate the social network. This paper aims at studying these aspects through simulations as follows. The importance of each type of social relationship with respect to the navigability is observed in terms of key parameters, such as the average path length, the network diameter and size of the giant component. The concepts of nodes' geographical and similarity distances are introduced to analyse the navigability; these are then used to evaluate the performance when the communications involve objects at increasing distance. Results confirm that some types of social relationships do not appear to be useful and that the introduction of the node average distance significantly changes the resulting SIoT performance.
Use of shear waves for diagnosis and ablation monitoring of prostate cancer: a feasibility study (2016)

Prostate cancer remains as a major healthcare issue. Limitations in current diagnosis and treatment monitoring techniques imply that there is still a need for improvements. The efficacy of prostate cancer diagnosis is still low, generating under and over diagnoses. High intensity focused ultrasound ablation is an emerging treatment modality, which enables the noninvasive ablation of pathogenic tissue. Clinical trials are being carried out to evaluate its longterm efficacy as a focal treatment for prostate cancer. Successful treatment of prostate cancer using non-invasive modalities is critically dependent on accurate diagnostic means and is greatly benefited by a real-time monitoring system. While magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for prostate imaging, its wider implementation for prostate cancer diagnosis remains prohibitively expensive. Conventional ultrasound is currently limited to guiding biopsy. Elastography techniques are emerging as a promising real-time imaging method, as cancer nodules are usually stiffer than adjacent healthy prostatic tissue. In this paper, a new transurethral approach is proposed, using shear waves for diagnosis and ablation monitoring of prostate cancer. A finite-difference time domain model is developed for studying the feasibility of the method, and an inverse problem technique based on genetic algorithms is proposed for reconstructing the location, size and stiffness parameters of the tumour. Preliminary results indicate that the use of shear waves for diagnosis and monitoring ablation of prostate cancer is feasible.
Genomic fingerprinting of "Haemophilus somnus" isolates by using a random-amplified polymorphic DNA assay (1993)

The random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was used to generate DNA fingerprints for 16 isolates of "Haemophilus somnus," and one isolate each of "Haemophilus agni," "Histophilus ovis," "Actinobacillus seminis," Pasteurella haemolytica, and Escherichia coli. The RAPD assay differentiated among "H. somnus" isolates, which shared similarity coefficients of 0.46 to 1.00 on the basis of pairwise comparisons of RAPD markers produced with nine random decamer primers. Three virulent encephalitic "H. somnus" isolates exhibited identical banding patterns, suggesting a common clonal ancestry. The RAPD assay clearly distinguished between the "H. somnus"-"H. agni"-"H. ovis" group and the other bacterial species tested. The results of the present study suggest that DNA fingerprinting of "H. somnus" isolates by the RAPD assay could be valuable in revealing subspecific divisions within this largely unexplored species.
<i>Galaxy Evolution Explorer</i> Ultraviolet Photometry of Globular Clusters in M31 (2005)

This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issue. Links to the full set of papers will be available at http://www.galex.caltech.edu/PUBLICATIONS/ after November 22, 2004
EXAFS and FT-IR Characterization of Mn and Li Promoted Titania-Supported Rh Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation (2011)

The effect of Li and Mn promoters on the structure and selectivity of supported Rh catalysts for CO hydrogenation reaction was examined. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray absorption were used to investigate the adsorption of reactants and local structure of Rh. These techniques were used in combination with reactivity, H2 chemisorption, and temperature programmed studies to correlate structural characteristics with activity and selectivity during CO hydrogenation of unpromoted Rh/TiO2 and three promoted Rh catalysts: Rh–Li/TiO2, Rh–Mn/TiO2, and Rh–Li–Mn/TiO2. The presence of a promoter slightly decreases the Rh clusters size; however, no evidence for an electronic effect induced by the presence of Li and Mn was found. Higher turnover frequencies were found for the promoted catalysts, which also showed the lower dispersion. The Li promoter introduces a weakened CO adsorption site that appears to enhance the selectivity to C2+ oxygenates. The selectivity to C2+ oxygenates varies inversely with the reducibility of Rh metal, that is, the lower the Rh reducibility, the higher the selectivity.