gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and macro/nanoscale characterization of aggregated and highly de-aggregated nanodiamond/polyacrylonitrile composite thick films (2011)

Nanodiamond/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) thick-film composites containing aggregated ultra-dispersed (UDD) and highly de-aggregated nanodiamond (ND) fillers are fabricated using bead-milling and solution-casting methods at additive loadings up to 30 wt%. Films containing oxidized nanodiamond fillers (ox-UDD and ox-ND) having potentially high surface reactivity or decarboxylated fillers (deox-UDD and deox-ND) having reduced surface reactivity have been characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, TEM, EDS elemental analysis, nanoindentation, and tensile testing. While both nanoindentation and tensile testing measurements confirm enhancement in elastic modulus (E) for ox-UDD/PAN and ox-ND/PAN thick films compared to pure PAN films, the relative trend in these enhancements differs according to testing method (Eox-UDD/PAN > Eox-ND/PAN by nanoindentation; Eox-ND/PAN > Eox-UDD/PAN by tensile testing). Tensile strength and strain-to-failure measurements indicate superior property enhancements for highly de-aggregated ox-ND/PAN thick films. At 30 wt% filler loading, ox-ND/PAN elastic modulus increases by nearly 80% and tensile strength increases by nearly 60% relative to pure PAN films. At low ox-ND filler loadings, significant enhancements in mechanical properties are realized without incurring losses in film ductility.
Blind Identification of the Scrambling Code of a Reverse Link CDMA2000 Transmission (2013)

International audience
Investigation on surface inspection using polarizing image sensors (2022)

Surface inspection in industrial automated processes is very often challenging. Especially the detection of transparent liquid materials such as water represent a major challenge for standard imaging systems. One approach to overcome the limitation of these imaging systems lies in the exploitation of the polarization effect. This effect surely can only be applied if the contaminants have polarizing features but can help to use invisible characteristics of light for quality inspection tasks. In this work investigations on surfaces which are contaminated with water will be presented. Therefore, an imaging system using an RGB dome light illumination was set up in combination with a four-channel polarizing camera. The dome light, which is equipped with three different LED wavelengths, will be mixed so that the illumination which hits the sample is completely unpolarized. So, any effect on the surface which leads to a polarizing effect can be observed. The system delivers a four-channel image with different polarization angles that have to be processed. Therefore, an algorithm realizes a demosaicing which separates the four different polarized pixels into individual images. Based on this, the stokes equation which allows the calculation of the degree of polarization and the angle of polarization has to be processed for the image presentation. To achieve a better visualization of the degree of polarization an HSV-transformation based on the polarization parameters was also realized.
Enzymatic resolution of sterically demanding bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes: evidence for a novel hydrolase in crude porcine pancreatic lipase and the advantages of using organic media for some of the biotransformations (1991)

Sterically demanding 7,7-dimethylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one 1 was enzymatically resolved via the exo-acetate 11a using crude porcine pancreatic lipase. By employing different fractions of hydrolases from the crude enzyme, evidence was obtained that an enzymatic ‘impurity’ was responsible for the highly selective reaction (E > 300). Alternatively, 7,7-dimethyl and 7,7-diphenyl derivatives 1 and 2 were equally well resolved, via bromohydrins 12b and 13b, by lipases from Pseudomonas cepacia and Candida cylindracea but only when acylations were conducted in organic media.
Machine Learning in Melanoma Diagnosis. Limitations About to be Overcome (2020)

Only 36.6% of our melanomas were admissible for analysis by state-of-the-art ML systems. We conclude that future ML systems should be trained on larger datasets which include relevant non-ideal images from lesions evaluated in real clinical practice. Fortunately, many of these limitations are being overcome by the scientific community as recent works show.
Metastatic Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Spleen: A Case Report and Review of the Literature (2016)

<i>Introduction.</i> Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) of the spleen are rare neoplasms and only little is known about the origin and behavior of these tumors. Here we report the case of a 37-year-old woman with an atypical spindle cell neoplasm showing features strongly suggesting an IMT of the spleen with hepatic metastasis. <i>Methods.</i> A 37-year-old patient had been complaining about pain in the left upper abdomen for the last two months. A CT scan revealed a tumor mass in her spleen and liver. After complete staging, a splenectomy and atypical liver resection of segments VII and VIII were performed. Literature was screened for similar cases and existing further literature. <i>Results.</i> A R0 resection was achieved. Histological analysis showed a multinodular infiltration of the spleen by an atypical mesenchymal neoplasia. Immunohistochemically there was an expression of histiocytic markers (CD4, CD68) as well as smooth muscle cell markers (SMA, H-Caldesmon) in the tumor cells. A diagnosis of an atypical spindle cell neoplasm showing features most suggestive of an IMT was rendered. <i>Conclusion.</i> Synchronous hepatic metastasis of an IMT of the spleen is a rarity. Therefore no experience in the treatment of these tumors exists. Fibroblastic reticular cell tumor is a differential diagnosis, but differentiation of these two entities is difficult.
Nitric oxide contribution to vascular wall oxygen consumption in arterioles (2006)

To study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating oxygen consumption by vessel walls, the oxygen consumption rate of arteriolar walls in rat cremaster muscle was measured in vivo during flow-induced vasodilation and after inhibiting NO synthesis. The oxygen consumption rate of arteriolar was calculated based on the intra- and peri-vascular oxygen tension (P0(2)) values measured by phosphorescence quenching laser microscopy. The peri-vascular PO(2) value of the arterioles during vasodilation was significantly higher than under control conditions, although the intravascular PO(2) values under both conditions were approximately the same. On the other hand, inhibition of NO synthesis caused a significant decrease in both the intra- and peri-vascular P0(2) values of the arterioles. The inhibition of NO synthesis increased the oxygen consumption rate of the walls by 42%, whereas enhancement of flow-induced NO release decreased it by 34%. These results suggest that NO plays an important role not only as a regulator of peripheral vascular tone, but also as a modulator of tissue oxygen consumption by reducing oxygen consumption by vessel walls.
A new reduced-bias multichannel gradient-based steepest descent algorithm for ill-conditioned correlation matrices (2002)

The convergence speed of the steepest descent (SD) adaptive algorithm is determined by the eigenvalue spread of the correlation matrix. When the correlation matrix is singular, the algorithm will take a long time to converge. The problem can be regularized by adding a small constant to the diagonal, but this comes at the price of introducing bias. This paper introduces a new adaptive algorithm that uses a family of steepest descent iterations which converge quickly while making the bias arbitrarily small. A numerical example discusses in some detail the operation of the new algorithm.
Production of spectrally narrow soft-x-ray radiation through the use of broadband laser-produced plasma sources and multilayer-coated reflecting optics (1995)

We describe a special filter design that produces spectrally narrow soft-x-ray radiation by using a broadband laser-produced plasma source and multilayer-coated reflecting optics. Calculations for the design were carried out at several laser-produced plasma-source temperatures and various multilayermirror combinations with and without a soft-x-ray filter. We determined that the best arrangement for a laser-produced plasma source consists of two multilayer mirrors and one soft-x-ray filter for each temperature investigated.
Value-Anticipating V2V Communications for Cooperative Perception (2019)

The growing penetration of on-board communication units is enabling intelligent vehicles to share their sensor data with cloud computing platforms as well as with other vehicles. Although this unlocks the possibility of a variety of emerging applications, the massive amount of data traffic in vehicular networks is expected to pose a big challenge in the long term. In this paper, we shed light on the potential of value-anticipating networking to tackle this issue. A vehicle sending a piece of information first anticipates the value of that information for potential receivers. When the network is congested, the sender may defer or even cancel transmissions of less valuable information, so that important information can be delivered to receivers more reliably. We investigate the applicability of this concept to cooperative perception, where vehicles exchange processed sensor data over vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks to collaboratively improve coverage and accuracy of environmental perception. Through simulations based on realistic road traffic, we show that value-anticipating V2V communications can significantly improve the performance of cooperative perception under heavy network load.
Predicting chemotherapeutic drug combinations through gene network profiling (2016)

Contemporary chemotherapeutic treatments incorporate the use of several agents in combination. However, selecting the most appropriate drugs for such therapy is not necessarily an easy or straightforward task. Here, we describe a targeted approach that can facilitate the reliable selection of chemotherapeutic drug combinations through the interrogation of drug-resistance gene networks. Our method employed single-cell eukaryote fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) as a model of proliferating cells to delineate a drug resistance gene network using a synthetic lethality workflow. Using the results of a previous unbiased screen, we assessed the genetic overlap of doxorubicin with six other drugs harboring varied mechanisms of action. Using this fission yeast model, drug-specific ontological sub-classifications were identified through the computation of relative hypersensitivities. We found that human gastric adenocarcinoma cells can be sensitized to doxorubicin by concomitant treatment with cisplatin, an intra-DNA strand crosslinking agent, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Our findings point to the utility of fission yeast as a model and the differential targeting of a conserved gene interaction network when screening for successful chemotherapeutic drug combinations for human cells.
10.1016/j.ohc.2005.09.004 (2000)

A clear understanding of the anatomy of accommodative structures, the mechanism of accommodation, and the causes of presbyopia is necessary to understand whether accommodation may be restored to the presbyopic eye. Not withstanding the significant challenges that are faced owing to age-related changes in the eye, theoretically, it may be possible to restore accommodation to a presbyopic eye with an artificial accommodative intraocular lens.
Building Rome in a day (2009)

We present a system that can match and reconstruct 3D scenes from extremely large collections of photographs such as those found by searching for a given city (e.g., Rome) on Internet photo sharing sites. Our system uses a collection of novel parallel distributed matching and reconstruction algorithms, designed to maximize parallelism at each stage in the pipeline and minimize serialization bottlenecks. It is designed to scale gracefully with both the size of the problem and the amount of available computation. We have experimented with a variety of alternative algorithms at each stage of the pipeline and report on which ones work best in a parallel computing environment. Our experimental results demonstrate that it is now possible to reconstruct cities consisting of 150 K images in less than a day on a cluster with 500 compute cores.
Performance Envelope for Electrolyser Systems (2015)

The performance envelope for an electrolyser system is developed and explored. The reversible HT- and NT-electrolyser performance can be described using reversible thermodynamics. The benefits of using the high temperature (HT) electrolyser are discussed. If we simplify the reversible process by replacing the reversible heat engines with a heat exchanger assembly we identify a demand of additional heat for evaporation if using a HTelectrolyzer by considering the system integration while NT-electrolyzer use electric work for supplying needed reaction heat.
Population Inversion of Ar VIII Levels in the Plasma of Fast Conical Discharge (2022)

Fast discharge (current rate ~1012 A/s) through the gas filled conical cavity results in a convergent shock wave, originated on the inner wall of cavity. Special way of its cumulation is responsible for the close contact of hot plasma and cold working gas (Ar in our case), which makes possible the effective charge exchange between Ar IX ions and neutral Ar atoms. The article demonstrates the evidence of the presence of stimulated emission in transition between the levels 9d and 3p of Ar VIII (wavelength 10.78 nm). The conclusion has been deduced from the dependence of line intensity upon the number of conical cavities, connected in series. The result can be of interest for the elaboration of EUV sources.
Operation and Control of a Seven-Level V-Clamp Multilevel Converter (2019)

Multilevel converters are well suited for high-power and high-quality power conversion. This paper presents a new seven-level V-clamp multilevel converter (VMC) with reduced clamping devices. All phases of the VMC share common DC-link capacitors and realize bidirectional power conversion without flying capacitors. Each branch of the VMC sustains only a single-level voltage of the DC-link capacitors during its commutation process. Hence, the series switches can be controlled as simple as one switch and the dynamic voltage unbalancing issue is avoided. In this paper, the operation principle and the modulation method of the VMC are analyzed in detail. In addition, compensation control for non-ideal factors is designed to improve the output performance. The output fundamental distortion is compensated and the harmonics are reduced. Finally, a laboratory prototype of the seven-level VMC is set up to verify the feasibility of the presented topology and analysis.
3D Hardware Canaries. (2012)

3D integration is a promising advanced manufacturing process offering a variety of new security protection opportunities. This paper presents a way of securing 3D ICs using Hamiltonian paths as integrity verification sensors. As 3D integration consists in the stacking of many metal layers, one can consider surrounding a security-sensitive circuit part by a wire cage.

After exploring and comparing different cage construction strategies (and reporting preliminary implementation results on silicon), we introduce a hardware canary. The canary is a spatially distributed chain of functions Fi positioned at the vertices of a 3D cage surrounding a protected circuit. A correct answer (Fn∘…∘F1)(m) to a challenge m attests the canary's integrity.
Functional and Biochemical Changes in Stored Human Red Blood Cells. (2008)

Abstract Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with excess mortality and morbidity in some anemic patients with critical illness, and no benefit in others, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Specifically, little is known of how “storage lesions” of the RBC may contribute to adverse outcomes or lack of benefit from a transfusion. The recent discovery of an active role of the human RBC in regulating blood flow – a major determinant of its own function, O2 delivery – prompts a reexamination of storage-induced changes in this and related RBC functions, and motivates specific identification of the relevant mediators. RBCs release the vasodilators S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) and ATP upon physiological exposure to hypoxia, contributing to O2-dependent blood flow regulation. The result is hypoxic vasodilation peripherally and modulation of hypoxic vasoconstriction in the lung. We show that conventionally stored human RBCs become deficient in SNOs within three hours of acquisition and independent of exposure to storage solution or leukofiltration; both hemoglobin-bound SNO and membrane SNO are depressed. Early changes (hours) are also seen in the function of stored RBCs, namely in RBC regulation of vascular tone in vitro and in the lungs of intact mice in vivo, whereas declines in RBC deformability take place more gradually (from days to weeks). We also confirm storage-induced depletion of RBC ATP, a lesion which may contribute to the functional declines in both deformability and in RBC-dependent vasoactivity. Time courses, therefore, vary widely for several storage-induced functional and biochemical defects that may contribute to adverse clinical outcomes following RBC transfusion. Strategies that either prevent the loss of vasoactive mediators during RBC storage, or replete bioactive (S)NO after RBC storage, are reviewed and may inform the rational design of strategies to improve the risk-benefit balance associated with RBC transfusion in critically ill and other anemic patients.
When Bots Take Over the Stock Market: Evasion Attacks Against Algorithmic Traders. (2020)

In recent years, machine learning has become prevalent in numerous tasks, including algorithmic trading. Stock market traders utilize learning models to predict the market's behavior and execute an investment strategy accordingly. However, learning models have been shown to be susceptible to input manipulations called adversarial examples. Yet, the trading domain remains largely unexplored in the context of adversarial learning. This is mainly because of the rapid changes in the market which impair the attacker's ability to create a real-time attack. In this study, we present a realistic scenario in which an attacker gains control of an algorithmic trading bots by manipulating the input data stream in real-time. The attacker creates an universal perturbation that is agnostic to the target model and time of use, while also remaining imperceptible. We evaluate our attack on a real-world market data stream and target three different trading architectures. We show that our perturbation can fool the model at future unseen data points, in both white-box and black-box settings. We believe these findings should serve as an alert to the finance community about the threats in this area and prompt further research on the risks associated with using automated learning models in the finance domain.
Epigenetic Alterations of Repeated Relapses in Patient-matched Childhood Ependymomas (2022)

Recurrence is frequent in pediatric ependymoma (EPN). Our longitudinal integrated analysis of 30 patient-matched repeated relapses (3.67 ± 1.76 times) over 13 years (5.8 ± 3.8) reveals stable molecular subtypes (RELA and PFA) and convergent DNA methylation reprogramming during serial relapses accompanied by increased orthotopic patient derived xenograft (PDX) (13/27) formation in the late recurrences. A set of differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) and DNA methylation regions (DMRs) are found to persist in primary and relapse tumors (potential driver DMCs) and are acquired exclusively in the relapses (potential booster DMCs). Integrating with RNAseq reveals differentially expressed genes regulated by potential driver DMRs (CACNA1H, SLC12A7, RARA in RELA and HSPB8, GMPR, ITGB4 in PFA) and potential booster DMRs (PLEKHG1 in RELA and NOTCH, EPHA2, SUFU, FOXJ1 in PFA tumors). DMCs predicators of relapse are also identified in the primary tumors. This study provides a high-resolution epigenetic roadmap of serial EPN relapses and 13 orthotopic PDX models to facilitate biological and preclinical studies.
A paradigm shift in the construction of heterobimetallic complexes: Synthesis of group 2 &amp; 4 metal–calix[6]arene complexes (2004)

Deprotonation of calix[6]arenes with barium in methanol followed by the addition of [Ti(OPr(i))(4)] or [Zr(OBu(n))(4)] is effective in the formation of novel dimeric 2:1 barium-titanium(IV)/zirconium(IV) calix[6]arene complexes. In these complexes a central Ti(IV)/Zr(IV) coordinated in the exo-position connects the two calix[6]arenes in the 1,3-alternate conformation, each with an endo-barium sharing common phenolate groups with the titanium/zirconium centre and participating in cation-pi interactions. A homometallic barium calix[6]arene dimer was also prepared wherein the calix[6]arenes are in the 1,3-alternate conformation with each coordinating one endo- and one exo-barium centre. The exo-barium cations connect the two calix[6]arenes through bridging methanol ligands. In this and the heterometallic complexes, cation-pi complexation of the Ba(2+) ion within the 1,3 alternate conformation of calix[6]arene facilitates the formation of the dimeric complexes in methanol. In contrast, the smaller Sr(2+) ion did not form similar complexes in methanol, and the formation of an analogous 2:1 strontium-titanium calixarene complex required the use of the more sterically demanding donor alcohol, isopropanol, the resulting complex being devoid of cation-pi interaction. The results show (i) that a subtle interplay of solvation strength, coordination array type and cavity/cation size influences the accessibility of heterobimetallic complexes based on calix[6]arenes, and (ii) a synergistic endo-exo binding behaviour.
Partition–Mallows Model and Its Inference for Rank Aggregation (2021)

Learning how to aggregate ranking lists has been an active research area for many years and its advances have played a vital role in many applications ranging from bioinformatics to internet commerce. The problem of discerning reliability of rankers based only on the rank data is of great interest to many practitioners, but has received less attention from researchers. By dividing the ranked entities into two disjoint groups, that is, relevant and irrelevant/background ones, and incorporating the Mallows model for the relative ranking of relevant entities, we propose a framework for rank aggregation that can not only distinguish quality differences among the rankers but also provide the detailed ranking information for relevant entities. Theoretical properties of the proposed approach are established, and its advantages over existing approaches are demonstrated via simulation studies and real-data applications. Extensions of the proposed method to handle partial ranking lists and conduct covariate-assisted rank aggregation are also discussed.