gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast monte-carlo algorithms for finding low-rank approximations (2004)

We consider the problem of approximating a given m × n matrix A by another matrix of specified rank k , which is smaller than m and n . The Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) can be used to find the "best" such approximation. However, it takes time polynomial in m, n which is prohibitive for some modern applications. In this article, we develop an algorithm that is qualitatively faster, provided we may sample the entries of the matrix in accordance with a natural probability distribution. In many applications, such sampling can be done efficiently. Our main result is a randomized algorithm to find the description of a matrix D * of rank at most k so that holds with probability at least 1 − δ (where |·| F is the Frobenius norm). The algorithm takes time polynomial in k ,1/ϵ, log(1/δ) only and is independent of m and n . In particular, this implies that in constant time, it can be determined if a given matrix of arbitrary size has a good low-rank approximation.
Development of Self-Interrogation Neutron Resonance Densitometry to Quantify the Fissile Content in PWR Spent LEU and MOX Assemblies (2012)

A new nondestructive assay technique called self-interrogation neutron resonance densitometry (SINRD) is currently being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to improve existing nuclear safeguards and material accountability measurements for light water reactor fuel assemblies. The viability of using SINRD to quantify the fissile content (235U and 239Pu) in pressurized water reactor 17 × 17 spent low-enriched uranium and mixed-oxide fuel assemblies in water was investigated via Monte Carlo N-particle extended transport code simulations. SINRD utilizes 244Cm spontaneous fission neutrons to self-interrogate the fuel pins. The amount of resonance absorption of these neutrons in the fuel can be quantified using 235U and 239Pu fission chambers placed adjacent to the assembly. The sensitivity of this technique is based on using the same fissile materials in the fission chambers as are present in the fuel because the effect of resonance absorption lines in the transmitted flux is amplified by the corresponding (n,f) reaction peaks in the fission chamber. SINRD requires calibration with a reference assembly of similar geometry. However, this densitometry method uses ratios of different fission chambers so that most systematic errors related to calibration and positioning cancel in the ratios.
An Energy Efficient Decoding Scheme for Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (2013)

One of the major challenges in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is to prolong the lifetime of network. Traditional research work focuses on minimizing transmit power; however, in the case of short range communication the consumption power in decoding is significantly larger than transmit power. This paper investigates the minimization of total power consumption by reducing the decoding power consumption. For achieving a desired Bit Error Rate (BER), we introduce some fundamental results on the basis of iterative message-passing algorithms for Low Density Parity Check Code (LDPC). To reduce energy dissipation in decoder, LDPC based coded communications between sensors are considered. Moreover, we evaluate the performance of LDPC at different code rates and introduce Adaptive Iterative Decoding (AID) by exploiting threshold on the number of iterations for a certain BER (0.0004). In iterative LDPC decoding, the total energy consumption of network is reduced by 20 to 25%.
Indole Alkaloids from <i>Sickingia williamsii</i> Reduce the In-vitro Effects of Morphine Withdrawal in the Guinea-pig (1997)

The effect of indole alkaloids from Sickingia williamsii Standl. (Rubiaceae) on the effects of morphine withdrawal have been examined in-vitro. All the indole alkaloids isolated from S. williamsii (10(-4), 5 x 10(-5) and 10(-5) M) significantly and in a concentration-dependent manner reduced the effects of morphine withdrawal on the guinea-pig ileum. The results suggest that these alkaloids might be potential anti-addictive agents.
Rac1 Participates in Thermally Induced Alterations of the Cytoskeleton, Cell Morphology and Lipid Rafts, and Regulates the Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in B16F10 Melanoma Cells (2014)

Eukaryotic cells exhibit a characteristic response to hyperthermic treatment, involving morphological and cytoskeletal alterations and the induction of heat shock protein synthesis. Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily are known to serve as molecular switches which mediate responses to extracellular stimuli. We addressed here how small GTPase Rac1 integrates signals from heat stress and simultaneously induces various cellular changes in mammalian cells. As evidence that Rac1 is implicated in the heat shock response, we first demonstrated that both mild (41.5°C) and severe (43°C) heat shock induced membrane translocation of Rac1. Following inhibition of the activation or palmitoylation of Rac1, the size of its plasma membrane-bound pool was significantly decreased while the heat shock-induced alterations in the cytoskeleton and cell morphology were prevented. We earlier documented that the size distribution pattern of cholesterol-rich rafts is temperature dependent and hypothesized that this is coupled to the triggering mechanism of stress sensing and signaling. Interestingly, when plasma membrane localization of Rac1 was inhibited, a different and temperature independent average domain size was detected. In addition, inhibition of the activation or palmitoylation of Rac1 resulted in a strongly decreased expression of the genes of major heat shock proteins hsp25 and hsp70 under both mild and severe heat stress conditions.
Validation of soluble amyloid‐β precursor protein assays as diagnostic <scp>CSF</scp> biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases (2016)

Analytical validation of a biomarker assay is essential before implementation in clinical practice can occur. In this study, we analytically validated the performance of assays detecting soluble amyloid-β precursor protein (sAPP) α and β in CSF in two laboratories according to previously standard operating procedures serving this goal. sAPPα and sAPPβ ELISA assays from two vendors (IBL-international, Meso Scale Diagnostics) were validated. The performance parameters included precision, sensitivity, dilutional linearity, recovery, and parallelism. Inter-laboratory variation, biomarker comparison (sAPPα vs. sAPPβ) and clinical performance was determined in three laboratories using 60 samples of patients with subjective memory complaints, Alzheimer's disease, or frontotemporal dementia. All performance parameters of the assays were similar between labs and within predefined acceptance criteria. The only exceptions were minor out-of-range results for recovery at low concentrations and, despite being within predefined acceptance criteria, non-comparability of the results for evaluation of the dilutional linearity and hook-effect. Based on the inter-laboratory correlation between Lab #1 and Lab #2, the IBL-international assays were more robust (sAPPα: r(2) = 0.92, sAPPβ: r(2) = 0.94) than the Meso Scale Diagnostics (MSD) assay (sAPPα: r(2) = 0.70, sAPPβ: r(2) = 0.80). Specificity of assays was confirmed using assay-specific peptide competitors. Clinical validation showed consistent results across the clinical groups in the different laboratories for all assays. The validated sAPP assays appear to be of sufficient technical quality and perform well. Moreover, the study shows that the newly developed standard operating procedures provide highly useful tools for the validation of new biomarker assays. A recommendation was made for renewed instructions to evaluate the dilutional linearity and hook-effect. We analytically validated the performance of assays detecting soluble amyloid-β precursor protein (sAPP) α and β in CSF according to SOPs in agreement with ISO15189 guidelines. The validated sAPP assays appear to be of sufficient technical quality and perform well. Moreover, this study proofs that the newly developed SOPs, with a minor modification, provide highly useful tools for the validation of new biomarker assays.
Experiments And Simulations On A Few-Electron Quantum Dot Circuit With Integrated Charge Read-Out (2005)

We report measurements and simulations on a fully tunable double quantum dot circuit, integrated with two quantum point contacts that serve as charge detectors. The circuit is defined in a two‐dimensional electron gas by means of surface gates on top of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Full control over the electron number (down to zero), the dot‐lead coupling and the inter‐dot tunnel coupling is experimentally demonstrated. Computer simulations can map out the double dot charging diagram and show that the charge sensitivity can be significantly enhanced by improving the design of the circuit.
Mechanical Properties of Organic Electronic Polymers on the Nanoscale (2021)

Abstract Organic semiconducting polymers have attractive electronic, optical, and mechanical properties that make them materials of choice for large area flexible electronic devices. In these devices, the electronically active polymer components are micrometers in size, and sport negligible performance degradation upon bending the centimeter‐scale flexible substrate onto which they are integrated. A closer look at the mechanical properties of the polymers, on the grain‐scale and smaller, is not necessary in large area electronic applications. In emerging micromechanical and electromechanical applications where the organic polymer elements are flexed on length scales spanning their own micron‐sized active areas, it becomes important to characterize the uniformity of their mechanical properties on the nanoscale. In this work, the authors use two precision nanomechanical characterization techniques, namely, atomic force microscope based PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PF‐QNM) and nanoindentation‐based dynamical mechanical analysis (nano‐DMA), to compare the modulus and the viscoelastic properties of organic polymers used routinely in organic electronics. They quantitatively demonstrate that the semiconducting near‐amorphous organic polymer indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (C16‐IDTBT) has a higher carrier mobility, lower modulus, and greater nanoscale modulus areal uniformity compared to the semiconducting semicrystalline organic polymer poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene] (C14‐PBTTT). Modulus homogeneity appears intrinsic to C16‐IDTBT but can be improved in C14‐PBTTT upon chemical doping.
Biometric recognition (2009)

Over the last decade, biometrics has become the subject of growing attention as a promising technology for complementing, or even replacing, the traditional means of verifying individuals' identities in a variety of applications. These include certain specific Government applications such as border control and security, as well as applications in other areas such as finance, commerce and health services. The idea has been primarily driven by the inherent limitations of the traditional identity verification methods, and is supported through accelerated research into different aspects of the technology. In general, an additional benefit of biometrics is that it provides a valid basis for the identification process. This considerably increases the attraction of the technology and its potential value in various practical scenarios.
Theory and Experiment for Wireless-Powered Sensor Networks: How to Keep Sensors Alive (2017)

In this paper, we investigate a multi-node multi-antenna wireless-powered sensor network (WPSN) comprised of one power beacon and multiple sensor nodes. We have implemented a real-life multi-node multi-antenna WPSN testbed that operates in real time. We propose a beam-splitting beamforming technique that enables a power beacon to split microwave energy beams toward multiple nodes for simultaneous charging. We experimentally demonstrate that the beam-splitting beamforming technique achieves the Pareto optimality. For perpetual operation of the sensor nodes, we adapt an energy neutral control algorithm that keeps a sensor node alive by balancing the harvested and consumed power. The joint beam-splitting and energy neutral control algorithm is designed by means of the Lyapunov optimization technique. In our experiments, the proposed algorithm has successfully kept all sensor nodes alive by optimally splitting energy beams toward multiple sensor nodes.
Bio-based 1,5-Pentanediol as a Replacement for Petroleum-Derived 1,6-Hexanediol for Polyester Polyols, Coatings, and Adhesives (2022)

Amorphous and semi-crystalline polyester polyols based on a novel, low cost, bio-based 1,5-pentanediol (Bio-PDO) were synthesized and formulated into solvent-borne coatings and hot melt adhesives. Bio-PDO may provide a lower cost, more sustainable, and non-petroleum-based alternative to polyols based on 1,6-hexanediol (HDO). The polyester polyols were characterized for end group composition, monomer incorporation, and thermal transitions. Bio-PDO-based coatings exhibited performance, including hardness, flexibility, adhesion strength, and solvent resistance, similar to the coatings based on petroleum-derived HDO. Bio-PDO-based adhesives exhibited lower green strength (initial adhesion strength) and longer open time (workable time to bond substrates) than HDO-based adhesives. The effects of common bio-based impurities, including lactones and mono-alcohols (δ-valerolactone and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol as examples of impurities), on polyester polyols were investigated. Hydroxyl functionalities of polyols were controlled by the excess diols in monomer feeds and were not impacted largely by the δ-valerolactone levels. High-level tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol terminated the polyester ends with unreactive functionality. Deleterious effects on polyol hydroxyl functionality are not expected at the low impurity levels (<2 wt %) found in leading bio-PDO processes.
An Intrusion Detection System against Black Hole Attacks on the Communication Network of Self-Driving Cars (2015)

The emergence of self-driving and semi self-driving vehicles which form vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has attracted much interest in recent years. However, VANETs have some characteristics that make them more vulnerable to potential attacks when compared to other networks such as wired networks. The characteristics of VANETs are: an open medium, no traditional security infrastructure, high mobility and dynamic topology. In this paper, we build an intelligent intrusion detection system (IDS) for VANETs that uses a Proportional Overlapping Scores (POS) method to reduce the number of features that are extracted from the trace file of VANET behavior and used for classification. These are relevant features that describe the normal or abnormal behavior of vehicles. The IDS uses Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and fuzzified data to detect black hole attacks. The IDSs use the features extracted from the trace file as auditable data to detect the attack. In this paper, we propose hybrid detection (misuse and anomaly) to detect black holes.
Spatial coherence patterns of fast ictal activities coincide with those of slow interictal oscillations in the human brain (2013)

In this study, we analyzed intracranial EEG (iEEG) recorded via subdural grid electrodes from patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy, measuring interelectrode wavelet phase coherence (WPC), between neighbouring and distant cortical areas, during interictal and ictal activity. As several studies have explored phase coherence in the epileptic brain, in relation to lower rhythms (<; 80 Hz), we have applied WPC analysis to both slow and fast neuronal rhythms-in the 1-400 Hz frequency range-to study their respective temporal and spatial coherence patterns. In analyzing the WPC profiles generated from all possible electrode pairings, two prominent patterns of phase coherence were observed in select electrode pairings on the implanted patient grids: during interictal activity, strong coherence was observed in the 8-11 Hz frequency range, while increased coherence was observed in activity > 80 Hz during seizure episodes. Furthermore, electrodes on the grid with elevated coherence in faster rhythms during seizures showed overlap with areas possessing elevated low-frequency coherence during interictal activity. As several studies have identified ictal fast activities as possible seizure biomarkers, the interictal coherence patterns observed here may also help in defining seizure-related regions of interest in the epileptic brain.
Synthesis and<i>in vitro</i>degradation of a novel magnesium oxychloride cement (2014)

Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) has been used in civil engineering as it exhibits a relatively high early strength and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Its poor water resistance, although, has prevented its widespread use. Steady degradation when immersed in an aqueous environment, however, could be a beneficial property for a resorbable bone replacement. In this study, we have evaluated how different concentrations of phosphoric acid may be used to enhance water resistance providing some control over the rate of degradation. The phase compositions, microstructures, mechanical properties, and the degradation of MOC have been evaluated. As a preliminary assessment of biological suitability, the response of a population of bone marrow stromal cells to the surface was evaluated. X-ray diffraction data demonstrate that 5Mg(OH)₂ ·MgCl₂·8H₂O (phase 5) was formed in all MOC samples. The MOC modified with H₃PO₄ exhibits good water resistance and can sustain strength in aqueous medium and by adjusting H₃ PO₄ concentration; degradation speed may be controlled. Cells cultured on the surface of the MOC attached and retained viability over the duration of the study.
Bone Reconstitution With Synthetic Bone Graft Material for Osseous Defects in Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty (2016)

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Various treatments have been suggested for the treatment of periarticular cysts in revision total ankle arthroplasty including autograft and allograft bone grafting, polymethylmethacrylate cement, and revision to ankle or tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. This study investigated the rate of osseous reconstitution following treatment with a unique calcium phosphate-calcium sulfate blend. Methods: A retrospective review of all revision total ankle arthroplasty procedures over a 3 year period was performed. 37 patients were identified that had utilized the calcium phosphate-calcium sulfate blend for the treatment of osseous defects. Data on graft location, volume, infection rate, bone reconstitution rate, and further revision procedures were collected. Plain radiographs were used to determine osseous reconstitution, qualified as bony trabeculae present with no lytic area remaining. Patient's average age was 66 years old, revision performed an average of 9.5 years after primary arthroplasty, with an average of 503 (range 99-1333) days of follow up. Results: Grafting of 23 tibial, 23 talar, 7 fibular, and 5 calcaneal bone defects were undertaken. All patients had Agility implants at time of primary arthroplasty. 16 patients had retention of Agility components, with 21 being revised to Inbone 2 implants. An average of 8.25 ml of material was used. Complete bone reconstitution was noted in 24 patients (65%). Incomplete or no bony healing was noted in 9 talus, 2 tibias, and 2 fibulas. Further revision was performed or offered to 7 patients for continued symptoms(19%). No seromas or excessive wound drainage was noted. Conclusion: Grafting of osseous defects for total ankle arthroplasty with a fully synthetic calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate mixture is an effective technique. Caution should be used in its use for patients with talar subsidence, as these have higher rates of failure likely due to its diminished blood supply and smaller surrounding structural support. provide significant long-term structural support. It should not be depended to
Cerebral metastases: value of reirradiation in selected patients. (1990)

Fifty-two adult patients were selected to receive a second course of cranial radiation therapy to relieve symptoms caused by recurrent cerebral metastases. To be selected, patients had to (a) have remained in relatively good general condition for at least 4 months after their initial course of radiation therapy and (b) experience renewed deterioration of their neurologic condition. Initial treatment typically consisted of 3,000 cGy administered in 10 fractions over 2 weeks to the whole brain. Reirradiation most commonly consisted of 2,500 cGy in 10 fractions. Twenty-two patients (42%) responded to reirradiation and improved by at least one level in their neurologic function status. Survival after second therapy averaged 5 months. The authors conclude that reirradiation of cerebral metastases should be considered for patients who remain in good general condition but who experience neurologic deterioration 4 or more months after satisfactory response to initial palliative cerebral radiation therapy.
Differences and Similarities in Insular and Temporal Pole MRI Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in First-Episode Schizophrenia and Affective Psychosis (2003)

These partially different and partially similar patterns of structural abnormalities in olfactocentric paralimbic regions and their associated abnormalities in other temporolimbic regions may be important factors in the differential and common manifestations of the 2 psychoses.
3D Scene Angles using UL Decomposition of Planar Homography (2021)

Proctoring during online exams often requires students to be under surveillance from a side pose and there is a strong need to estimate the side camera’s relative position with respect to student’s computer screen. This work uses edge and line detectors to extract the computer screen’s boundaries and estimates homography with respect to rectangular shape with corresponding aspect ratio as in a normal view. A novel Upper-Lower Decomposition of Homography (ULDH) algorithm is proposed that calculates the polar and azimuthal angles with less than 5° mean errors and can help distinguish bad camera placements from good ones with good precision. A purpose-built dataset is created and validated for this purpose and the software for key parts of image processing pipeline is made available for remote proctoring purposes.
Element for use in an inductive coupler for downhole drilling components (2023)

The present invention includes an element for use in an inductive coupler in a downhole component. The element includes a plurality of ductile, generally U-shaped leaves that are electrically conductive. The leaves are less than about 0.0625" thick and are separated by an electrically insulating material. These leaves are aligned so as to form a generally circular trough. The invention also includes an inductive coupler for use in downhole components, the inductive coupler including an annular housing having a recess with a magnetically conductive, electrically insulating (MCEI) element disposed in the recess. The MCEI element includes a plurality of segments where each segment further includes a plurality of ductile, generally U-shaped electrically conductive leaves. Each leaf is less than about 0.0625" thick and separated from the otherwise adjacent leaves by electrically insulating material. The segments and leaves are aligned so as to form a generally circular trough. The inductive coupler further includes an insulated conductor disposed within the generally circular trough. A polymer fills spaces between otherwise adjacent segments, the annular housing, insulated conductor, and further fills the circular trough.