gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure Drop Measurements in a Microchannel (1998)

Abstract This paper presents the results of experiments performed on single-phase flow in microchannels. Channel depths ranged between 100 and 500 microns, with a W:H ratio greater than 20:1. Water was the primary working fluid in these studies, with the Reynolds numbers (based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel) ranging between 40 and 4000. The experimental setup used allowed measurements of the local pressure drop as well as visualization of the flow patterns within the channel using microscopy. Data presented include friction factors for various channel geometry and surface conditions. We found that the surface roughness tended to increase the laminar friction factor within the channel. Further, for the smoothest channel, as the channel height (or hydraulic diameter) decreased, the laminar friction factor did not depart from the continuum theory predictions. Further, our pressure drop measurements, corroborated with careful flow visualization tests, reveal that the transition Reynolds number is nearly half of what is previously reported for macroscopic channels.
An Efficient Retransmission Scheme for Reliable End-to-End Wireless Communication Over WSANs (2018)

A wireless sensor and actuator network is increasingly recognized as an important technology in the realization of the future Internet of Things. The ability to cater to the demands of real-time, reliable, and resource-constraint communication in industrial areas is highly dependent on efficient scheduling of communication links. Harsh industrial environments make packet retransmission inevitable, which causes the waste of link resource and deteriorates the reliability. Most of the studies that focus on real-time and reliable performance underestimate the complexity of packet retransmission. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient retransmission scheme to guarantee deterministic communication and decrease the resource utilization. We combine deterministic communication with a novel reliable method by proposing a flow-based slot scheduling with a concession timeslot assistant. The proposed concession slot works by using the CCA and the pre-signal to avoid the contention of one channel during the communication on shared links. Furthermore, we use the theory of discrete-time Markov chain to analyze another two randomly backoff-based and flow-based shared link schedules. This paper demonstrates that the proposed retransmission scheme can significantly improve the reliability of end-to-end packet delivery and the efficiency of slot utilization, as well as decrease energy consumption. The proposed scheduling is applied in a real factory, where the efficiency of the slot is significantly improved, and a flow reliability of 95.3% under a 12% packet error rate is guaranteed.
Simulation Study on the Effect of Multiple Node Charge Collection on Error Cross-Section in CMOS Sequential Logic (2008)

A technique for estimating error cross-section for combinational circuits based on charge collection at multiple nodes is presented. Ordinarily, charge collection from an ion strike is assumed to occur only on a single node, but with decreasing feature sizes in nanometer technologies, charge sharing among devices is worsening, leading to charge collection on multiple nodes. When multiple SETs are considered, simulation results show a 380times increase in cross-section with a four-bit carry look-ahead generator, and a 27times increase with a four-bit arithmetic logic unit. Additionally, both circuits show a linear increase in cross-section as frequency increases.
Monolithic integration of a short-length GaInAs photoconductor with a GaAs/GaAlAs optical waveguide on a GaAs semi-insulating substrate (1988)

We report the first fabrication of a Ga0.47In0.53As planar photoconductive detector, associated with a GaAs/GaAlAs rib waveguide grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate, which needs a short-length absorbing layer to detect the optical signal. Because of the GaAlAs epilayer, a GaInAs length of about 100 μm only is needed to detect 90% of the optical signal, accordingly to results predicted using a four-layer model with complex refractive indices in each layer.
Data Science Tools for Crime Investigation, Archival, and Analysis (2019)

Crime Tracking System (CTS) aims to facilitate the process by automating data entry, storage, and retrieval using a mobile interface and a database to efficiently store said data. Crime investigation plays a significant role in keeping the modern cities safe. The emergence of the field of data science has opened new doors that have high potential in facilitating the process of criminal investigation. Data science enables criminal investigators to create tangible and quantifiable information on criminal social network profiles then analyzes crime concurrence based on location proximity. Aiming at availing the relevance of integrating data science analysis techniques in the criminal investigation, this study examines the suitability of cluster graphs and geolocation proximity (through heat maps) as two of the data science analysis techniques to facilitate criminal investigation process. On one hand, cluster graph analyses the social network of a suspect and examines its centrality, parallel betweenness and community affiliation. On the other hand, geolocation proximity provides an investigator with previous crime occurrences through the use of the heat map visualizing technique. These concepts are tested by embedding them in a mobile application developed to facilitate investigation process. The findings of this study demonstrate that the integration of data science and investigation activities is feasible and can extend the investigation process beyond the scope of the police profile structured database based on manual interrogation activities. This study ends by concluding the limitations and future research directions.
Analysis of Curing Reaction for Epoxy Resin Used for Electrical Insulators (2003)

In order to carry out a curing reaction analysis of epoxy resin used as electrical insulators, the authors have previously reported kinematic and viscoelastic analyses in parts I and II of this series of reports. The space between two concentric iron cylinders was filled with epoxy resin and the circumferential strain on the outer iron cylinder surface was measured in part II. The results of a finite element model gave good agreement with the results of measurements during gelation. However, the model results showed poor agreement before gelation, probably because of the assumption of full adhesion between the epoxy resin and iron cylinders. In order to improve the agreement, two new adhesion models have been proposed for the epoxy-resin interface.1) One model assumes that full adhesion is immediately achieved when the epoxy resin begins to gel. The calculated circumferential strain changes on the outer iron cylinder surface do not give good agreement with experimental values after gel initiation.2) The other model assumes that adhesion is gradually formed as the epoxy resin gels. The calculated circumferential strain changes agree very well with experimental values.These results indicate that adhesion between the epoxy resin and the iron cylinders is gradually formed. The temperature distribution of the epoxy resin during the curing reaction changes little with time. The internal stresses in the epoxy resin goes up because adhesion increases during the gelation process.
Analysis Of Nonlinear Optical Phenomena: Perspective Of in situ Monitoring Method Of The Semiconductor-Film Crystal-Structure (1990)

In the process of the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) the electron diffraction is traditionally used for nondestructive crystal-structure monitoring. We have shown that similar results could be obtained by detection of the second harmonic of the laser light generated in a film (SHG-method). Laser-assisted methods are very attractive for diagnostics in high-vacuum systems. It is easy to input and to output radiation via small diameter windows. It is also easy to realize distant continuous local monitoring during the growth process.
Chromosome Painting in Gymnotus carapo “Catalão” (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei): Dynamics of Chromosomal Rearrangements in Cryptic Species (2022)

The genus <i>Gymnotus</i> is a large monophyletic group of freshwater weakly-electric fishes, with wide distribution in Central and South America. It has 46 valid species divided into six subgenera (<i>Gymnotus</i>, <i>Tijax</i>, <i>Tigre</i>, <i>Lamontianus</i>, <i>Tigrinus</i> and <i>Pantherus</i>) with large chromosome plasticity and diploid numbers (2n) ranging from 34 to 54. Within this rich diversity, there is controversy about whether <i>Gymnotus</i> (<i>Gymnotus</i>) <i>carapo</i> species is a single widespread species or a complex of cryptic species. Cytogenetic studies show different diploid numbers for <i>G. carapo</i> species, ranging from 40 to 54 chromosomes with varied karyotypes found even between populations sharing the same 2n. Whole chromosome painting has been used in studies on fish species and recently has been used for tracking the chromosomal evolution of <i>Gymnotus</i> and assisting in its cytotaxonomy. Comparative genomic mapping using chromosome painting has shown more complex rearrangements in <i>Gymnotus carapo</i> than shown in previous studies by classical cytogenetics. These studies demonstrate that multiple chromosome pairs are involved in its chromosomal reorganization<i>,</i> suggesting the presence of a complex of cryptic species due to a post zygotic barrier. In the present study, metaphase chromosomes of <i>G. carapo occidentalis</i> "catalão" (GCC, 2n = 40, 30m/sm+10st/a) from the Catalão Lake, Amazonas, Brazil, were hybridized with whole chromosome probes derived from the chromosomes of <i>G. carapo</i> (GCA, 2n = 42, 30m/sm+12st/a). The results reveal chromosome rearrangements and a high number of repetitive DNA sites. Of the 12 pairs of <i>G. carapo</i> chromosomes that could be individually identified (GCA 1-3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 18-21), 8 pairs (GCA 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 14, 20, 21) had homeology conserved in GCC. Of the GCA pairs that are grouped (GCA [4, 8], [5, 17], [10, 11] and [12, 13, 15]), most kept the number of signals in GCC (GCA [5, 17], [10, 11] and [12, 13, 15]). The remaining chromosomes are rearranged in the GCC karyotype. Analysis of both populations of the <i>G. carapo</i> cytotypes shows extensive karyotype reorganization. Along with previous studies, this suggests that the different cytotypes analyzed here may represent different species and supports the hypothesis that <i>G. carapo</i> is not a single widespread species, but a group of cryptic species.
Superconducting Coupler with Exponentially Large On:Off Ratio (2021)

Tunable two-qubit couplers offer an avenue to mitigate errors in multiqubit superconducting quantum processors. However, most couplers operate in a narrow frequency band and target specific couplings, such as the spurious $ZZ$ interaction. We introduce a superconducting coupler that alleviates these limitations by suppressing all two-qubit interactions with an exponentially large on-off ratio and without the need for fine-tuning. Our approach is based on a bus mode supplemented by an ancillary nonlinear resonator mode. Driving the ancillary mode leads to a coupler-state-dependent field displacement in the resonator which, in turn, results in an exponential suppression of real and virtual two-qubit interactions with respect to the drive power. A superconducting circuit implementation supporting the proposed mechanism is presented.
Nanowindow-Regulated Specific Capacitance of Supercapacitor Electrodes of Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns (2006)

The solvated ion size of electrolytes increases in the following order; SO42-(H2O)12 (0.53 nm) < (C2H5)4N+·7acetonitrile (Et4N+·7ACN, 1.30 nm) < (C2H5)4N+·4propylene carbonate (Et4N+·4PC, 1.35 nm). The size difference between the nanowindows of single-wall carbon nanohorns and the solvated ions of electrolytes should be an important factor in the accessibility of the ions to the internal spaces through the nanowindow.
AR Display System of Temperature by Camera Tracking based on 3D Environmental Model (2015)

近年、温度カメラは、機械設備・建築物の検査や，人間や動物の体温の検査等，多くの目的に利用されるようになってきた．本論文では，RGB-Dカメラで取得した3次元環境モデルを利用して、このモデル上に温度分布をレンダリング表示することにより，対象環境の温度分布を自由な視点から観察可能なシステムを提案する．本システムでは，３Ｄ環境モデルを利用したカメラ位置姿勢のトラッキング手法に基づき，事前に取得しておいた温度分布に対して，現在の温度変化を表示することも可能である．提案システムの有効性を検証するために，幾つかのシーンに対して本システムを利用して表示した温度分布や温度変化分布を示す．
Supplementary Table S2 from Orphan G protein–coupled receptor GPR56 plays a role in cell transformation and tumorigenesis involving the cell adhesion pathway (2023)

Supplementary Table S2 from Orphan G protein–coupled receptor GPR56 plays a role in cell transformation and tumorigenesis involving the cell adhesion pathway
Expansion Revealing: Decrowding Proteins to Unmask Invisible Brain Nanostructures (2020)

Abstract Cells and tissues are made out of nanoscale building blocks, such as proteins, organized in crowded nanostructures. We show that many biomolecules, and the nanostructures in which they are embedded, may be invisible to prior imaging techniques, due to the inaccessibility of labels (e.g., antibodies) to biomolecules embedded within such crowded structures. We developed a technology, expansion revealing (ExR), which isotropically decrowds proteins from each other, to enable their labeling. We use ExR to discover the alignment of presynaptic calcium channels with postsynaptic machinery in intact brain circuits, as well as the existence of periodic amyloid nanoclusters containing ion channel proteins in Alzheimer’s model mice. Thus, ExR reveals nanostructures within complex biological specimens that were not previously visualizable, and may find broad use in biology. One Sentence Summary De-crowding biomolecules with Expansion Revealing unmasks fundamentally new nanostructures in intact brain tissue, which remained invisible otherwise.
Endogenous MCM7 MicroRNA Cluster as a Novel Platform to Multiplex Small Interfering and Nucleolar RNAs for Combinational HIV-1 Gene Therapy (2012)

Combinational therapy with small RNA inhibitory agents against multiple viral targets allows efficient inhibition of viral production by controlling gene expression at critical time points. Here we explore combinations of different classes of therapeutic anti-HIV-1 RNAs expressed from within the context of an intronic MCM7 (minichromosome maintenance complex component-7) platform that naturally harbors 3 microRNAs (miRNAs). We replaced the endogenous miRNAs with anti-HIV small RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting HIV-1 tat and rev messages that function to induce post-transcriptional gene silencing by the RNA interference pathway, a nucleolar-localizing RNA ribozyme that targets the conserved U5 region of HIV-1 transcripts for degradation, and finally nucleolar trans-activation response (TAR) and Rev-binding element (RBE) RNA decoys designed to sequester HIV-1 Tat and Rev proteins inside the nucleolus. We demonstrate the versatility of the MCM7 platform in expressing and efficiently processing the siRNAs as miRNA mimics along with nucleolar small RNAs. Furthermore, three of the combinatorial constructs tested potently suppressed viral replication during a 1-month HIV challenge, with greater than 5-log inhibition compared with untransduced, HIV-1-infected CEM T lymphocytes. One of the most effective constructs contains an anti-HIV siRNA combined with a nucleolar-localizing U5 ribozyme and TAR decoy. This represents the first efficacious example of combining Drosha-processed siRNAs with small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP)-processed nucleolar RNA chimeras from a single intron platform for effective inhibition of viral replication. Moreover, we demonstrated enrichment/selection for cells expressing levels of the antiviral RNAs that provide optimal inhibition under the selective pressure of HIV. The combinations of si/snoRNAs represent a new paradigm for combinatorial RNA-based gene therapy applications.
Science and Technology Review September 2011 (2011)

At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we focus on science and technology research to ensure our nation's security. We also
A numerical study of power loss factors in resonant magnetic coupling (2011)

We numerically studied the affect of power loss factors in a wireless power transfer system using resonant magnetic coupling. Resonant magnetic coupling is regarded as one of the most promising methods for mid-range wireless charging systems. To make this method practical, it is important to accurately estimate power transfer efficiency and effect of each loss factor in the device-designing stage. We conducted a numerical simulation using an equivalent circuit model and electromagnetic analysis for a mobile-device model. Resonance at 7 MHz between the transmitting and receiving coils was achieved using lumped capacitors attached at the coil ends. In addition to the skin effect, we consider various loss factors such as proximity effect, loss tangent of lumped capacitors, and so on. The results show that the proximity effect significantly decreases the power transfer efficiency of the system, and the loss tangent of lamped capacitor also decreases it by a few percentage points.
Supplemental Data from Combined Blockade of Activating &lt;i&gt;ERBB2&lt;/i&gt; Mutations and ER Results in Synthetic Lethality of ER+/HER2 Mutant Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1 - HER2 mutations Fig S1 - HER2 co-occur Fig S2 - Long Term Fulv. Fig S3 - L755S CI index Fig S4 - L755S RTprofile Fig S5 - Prot Align Fig S6 - Drug Assays Fig S7 - Quant of Drug Fig S8-11 - immunoblot Fig S12 - L755S mouse Fig S13 - S6 IHC - mouse&lt;/p&gt;
Dissimilatory Metal Reduction by the Facultative Anaerobe <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i> SP1 (2000)

Anaerobic enrichments with acetate as the electron donor and Fe(III) as the terminal electron acceptor were obtained from sediments of Salt Pond, a coastal marine basin near Woods Hole, Mass. A pure culture of a facultatively anaerobic Fe(III) reducer was isolated, and 16S rRNA analysis demonstrated that this organism was most closely related to Pantoea (formerly Enterobacter) agglomerans, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae within the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. This organism, designated strain SP1, can grow by coupling the oxidation of acetate or H(2) to the reduction of a variety of electron acceptors, including Fe(III), Mn(IV), Cr(VI), and the humic substance analog 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate, but not sulfate. To our knowledge, this is the first mesophilic facultative anaerobe reported to couple acetate oxidation to dissimilatory metal reduction.
Cellular Responses and Tissue Depots for Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Therapy (2015)

Long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) induces a range of innate immune migratory, phagocytic and secretory cell functions that perpetuate drug depots. While recycling endosomes serve as the macrophage subcellular depots, little is known of the dynamics of nanoART-cell interactions. To this end, we assessed temporal leukocyte responses, drug uptake and distribution following both intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection of nanoformulated atazanavir (nanoATV). Local inflammatory responses heralded drug distribution to peritoneal cell populations, regional lymph nodes, spleen and liver. This proceeded for three days in male Balb/c mice. NanoATV-induced changes in myeloid populations were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with CD45, CD3, CD11b, F4/80, and GR-1 antibodies. The localization of nanoATV within leukocyte cell subsets was determined by confocal microscopy. Combined FACS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry assays determined nanoATV carriages by cell-based vehicles. A robust granulocyte, but not peritoneal macrophage nanoATV response paralleled zymosan A treatment. ATV levels were highest at sites of injection in peritoneal or muscle macrophages, dependent on the injection site. The spleen and liver served as nanoATV tissue depots while drug levels in lymph nodes were higher than those recorded in plasma. Dual polymer and cell labeling demonstrated a nearly exclusive drug reservoir in macrophages within the liver and spleen. Overall, nanoART induces innate immune responses coincident with rapid tissue macrophage distribution. Taken together, these works provide avenues for therapeutic development designed towards chemical eradication of human immunodeficiency viral infection.
In Situ TEM Studies of Sintering of Pd/Alumina Catalysts (2003)

Journal Article In Situ TEM Studies of Sintering of Pd/Alumina Catalysts Get access R-J Liu, R-J Liu Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P A Crozier, P A Crozier Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C M Smith, C M Smith Hydrocarbons and Energy R&D, the Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, TX 77541 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D A Hucul, D A Hucul Analytical Sciences Corporate R&D, the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Blackson, J Blackson Analytical Sciences Corporate R&D, the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G Salaita G Salaita outh Charleston Technical Center, the Dow Chemical Company, South Charleston, WV 25303 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 9, Issue S02, 1 August 2003, Pages 1024–1025, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927603445121 Published: 01 August 2003
Focal Fibronodular Heterotopic Ossification (2007)

Yeon, Howard B. MD, JD; Kaplan, Frederick S. MD; Shore, Eileen M. PhD; Rosenberg, Andrew E. MD; Jupiter, Jesse B. MD Author Information
Wavelength division multiplexed photonic layer on CMOS (2012)

Optical network on chip (ONoC) architectures are emerging as potential contenders to solve congestion and latency issues in future computing architectures. This paper describes WADIMOS, an EU funded research project aiming to demonstrate a complex photonic interconnect layer on CMOS. This incorporated multichannel microsources, microdetectors and various advanced wavelength routing functions directly integrated with electronic driver circuits. Design methods and system-level models compatible with an industrial NoC exploration environment were developed to enable exploration of application scenarios for such electro-photonic ICs, in an on-chip optical network context.