gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF TSH RECEPTORS AND MICROSOMAL ANTIGEN IN DIFFERENT HUMAN THYROID TISSUE SPECIMENS (1988)

Affinity labelling with a 125I-labelled photoactive derivative of TSH (HSAB-TSH) was used to analyse TSH receptor size in the following specimens of human thyroid tissue: (1) cold nodules; (2) autonomous nodules; (3) papillary carcinoma; (4) medullary carcinoma; (5) metastasis of papillary carcinoma to lymph node; (6) anaplastic carcinoma, and (7) Graves' thyroid. In addition, a sample of histologically normal thyroid tissue surrounding specimens 1–4 was analysed in each case. Thyroid microsomes were also prepared from the tissue samples, solubilized using 1% deoxycholate and labelled with 125I. The preparations were immunoprecipitated using microscomal autoantibodies and protein A and analysed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. These studies indicated that no differences in the characteristics of the TSH receptor or of microsomal antigen were observed in the tissue samples 1–3 and 7. Neither protein was detected in tissue specimens 4–6.
AttentionSiteDTI: an interpretable graph-based model for drug-target interaction prediction using NLP sentence-level relation classification (2022)

In this study, we introduce an interpretable graph-based deep learning prediction model, AttentionSiteDTI, which utilizes protein binding sites along with a self-attention mechanism to address the problem of drug-target interaction prediction. Our proposed model is inspired by sentence classification models in the field of Natural Language Processing, where the drug-target complex is treated as a sentence with relational meaning between its biochemical entities a.k.a. protein pockets and drug molecule. AttentionSiteDTI enables interpretability by identifying the protein binding sites that contribute the most toward the drug-target interaction. Results on three benchmark datasets show improved performance compared with the current state-of-the-art models. More significantly, unlike previous studies, our model shows superior performance, when tested on new proteins (i.e. high generalizability). Through multidisciplinary collaboration, we further experimentally evaluate the practical potential of our proposed approach. To achieve this, we first computationally predict the binding interactions between some candidate compounds and a target protein, then experimentally validate the binding interactions for these pairs in the laboratory. The high agreement between the computationally predicted and experimentally observed (measured) drug-target interactions illustrates the potential of our method as an effective pre-screening tool in drug repurposing applications.
Caloric Restriction Combined with Immobilization as Translational Model for Sarcopenia Expressing Key-Pathways of Human Pathology (2023)

The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing while it is often challenging, expensive and time-consuming to test the effectiveness of interventions against sarcopenia. Translational mouse models that adequately mimic underlying physiological pathways could accelerate research but are scarce. Here, we investigated the translational value of three potential mouse models for sarcopenia, namely partial immobilized (to mimic sedentary lifestyle), caloric restricted (CR; to mimic malnutrition) and a combination (immobilized & CR) model. C57BL/6J mice were calorically restricted (-40%) and/or one hindleg was immobilized for two weeks to induce loss of muscle mass and function. Muscle parameters were compared to those of young control (4 months) and old reference mice (21 months). Transcriptome analysis of quadriceps muscle was performed to identify underlying pathways and were compared with those being expressed in aged human vastus lateralis muscle-biopsies using a meta-analysis of five different human studies. Caloric restriction induced overall loss of lean body mass (-15%, p<0.001), whereas immobilization decreased muscle strength (-28%, p<0.001) and muscle mass of hindleg muscles specifically (on average -25%, p<0.001). The proportion of slow myofibers increased with aging in mice (+5%, p<0.05), and this was not recapitulated by the CR and/or immobilization models. The diameter of fast myofibers decreased with aging (-7%, p<0.05), and this was mimicked by all models. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the combination of CR and immobilization recapitulated more pathways characteristic for human muscle-aging (73%) than naturally aged (21 months old) mice (45%). In conclusion, the combination model exhibits loss of both muscle mass (due to CR) and function (due to immobilization) and has a remarkable similarity with pathways underlying human sarcopenia. These findings underline that external factors such as sedentary behavior and malnutrition are key elements of a translational mouse model and favor the combination model as a rapid model for testing the treatments against sarcopenia.
Chemical induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in human skin epithelial cell cultures. (1978)

Abstract Heretofore, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by DNA-damaging chemicals has been measured in non-replicating human fibroblasts by autoradiographic methods that are not readily applicable to organotypic epithelial cell cultures. In order to evaluate the range of chemical sensitivity and DNA repair response of human skin epithelial cells, we have developed a novel semiquantitative in vitro method for measuring UDS induced by chemicals. Normal foreskin epithelial cells from a cryopreserved skin pool were grown from explants and replanted in replicate culture wells. Cultures were then treated for 3 days in arginine-deficient medium and further inhibited in S-phase DNA synthesis by a 2-hr (10 mm) hydroxyurea treatment. [3H]Thymidine and carcinogen were simultaneously added, and UDS accumulated over a 24-hr incubation period was determined by direct scintillation counting of acid-precipitable whole-cell radioactivity. With this rapid assay, UDS is detected in dose-related fashion with an array of ultimate and proximate carcinogens and several, but not all, classes of procarcinogens. Upon serial subculture of organotypic primary skin cultures, the UDS response elicited by the procarcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene decreased in parallel with a decreased ability of cells to metabolize polycyclic hydrocarbons to water-soluble metabolites. Arginine deprivation and hydroxyurea treatment of skin epithelial cells does not impair their ability to metabolize procarcinogens to DNA-damaging metabolites. Our working hypothesis is that those procarcinogens efficiently activated by human skin-specific schemes of metabolism will be detected with UDS as an end point. Because no single human cell strain or microsomal enzyme preparation possesses all the organ-specific schemes of carcinogen metabolism, similar UDS measurement in a panel of organotypic epithelial cell cultures may provide a relevant technique for detecting specific human carcinogens.
1A1-F07 The Method to Estimate Step Transition in Dance Partner Robot based on Mimesis Theory(Evolution and Learning for Robotics(1)) (2012)

In order to realize a robot which works in cooperation with a human, the dance partner robot which dances ballroom dance with human is researched. The dance partner robot needs to estimate which step human steps on next. In this paper, the authors pay attention to the dance partner robot's step estimation system and propose the method to estimate dance step transition based on Hidden Markov Model and "Mimesis Theory" in order to estimate step transition in higher accuracy. In addition, the authors make "Proto-Symbol Space" from the power that is added to the robot from a human when a human dances with the robot.
The Effects of Resveratrol in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure: A Narrative Review (2019)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death globally and responsible for the second highest number of deaths in Canada. Medical advancements in the treatment of CVD have led to patients living longer with CVD but often progressing to another condition called heart failure (HF). As a result, HF has emerged in the last decade as a major medical concern. Fortunately, various "traditional" pharmacotherapies for HF exist and have shown success in reducing HF-associated mortality. However, to augment the treatment of patients with CVD and/or HF, alternative pharmacotherapies using nutraceuticals have also shown promise in the prevention and treatment of these two conditions. One of these natural compounds considered to potentially help treat HF and CVD and prevent their development is resveratrol. Herein, we review the clinical findings of resveratrol's ability to be used as an effective treatment to potentially help treat HF and CVD. This will allow us to gain a more fulsome appreciation for the effects of resveratrol in the health outcomes of specific patient populations who have various disorders that constitute CVD.
Study on the accuracy of influence factor method when applied to surface cracks in a welded joint of a ship structure (2010)

It is necessary to calculate the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) of surface cracks in welded joint in order to carry out fatigue assessment based on fracture mechanics approach. The SIF of a surface crack in weld can be calculated by using Influence Factor Method (IFM) developed by Shiratori et al. (1986). Influence Factor (IF) database is needed to be prepared in order to carry out IFM calculations. Only the database for cracks in flat plates had been prepared. The use of this IF database in the SIF calculation of cracks in welds leads to calculation error because the size and shape of a structure with a weld differs from that of a flat plate. The degree of this error can be examined by comparing IF values of cracks in a weld and that of cracks in a flat plate. However, reports of such comparative study have apparently not been published yet.In this study, a full-automated IF calculation software system is developed. The validity of the developed system is examined by comparing SIFs of a crack in a flat plate derived from the IF database constructed by the developed system with that assessed by Newman-Raju's formula. The IF values for flat plates and welds are compared by using the developed IF calculation system. As results, the followings are found:(1) The developed system reduces dramatically the man-hours needed to construct an IF database.(2) The SIF of a crack in a flat plate derived from the IF database constructed by the developed system agrees very well with the Newman-Raju's solution. The SIF of a crack in a fillet weld derived from the IF database constructed by the developed system agrees well with the direct FE analysis result. These show the validity of the developed system.(3) IFs have significant values only in the vicinity of SIF calculation point while those at far-off nodes are negligible.(4) IFs in the vicinity of the crack mouth for a fillet weld become up to 15% smaller than those for a flat plate. However, the difference in IFs in the vicinity of the crack bottom of cracks in flat plates and welds is negligible.(5) The SIF of a crack at the crack mouth in a fillet weld is overestimated when the IF database for flat plates is used in IFM calculation while the estimation error is negligible for the SIF at the crack bottom.
On the Backward Path Tracking Control of N-Trailer Systems (2021)

This paper considers the lateral control of articulated wheeled vehicles in backward motion. The parameterized articulated vehicle is composed of a car-like truck and N passive trailers, resulting in one single steerable axle. First a nonlinear path tracking control law based on exact linearization of an offset model is reviewed and the general stability conditions of such systems is presented. Second, a stability analysis for some vehicle cases is performed and verified in simulation. The possible application of this path tracking control law in real world articulated vehicles is discussed, and its limitations are shown.
Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld Alleviates Acute Pain and Inflammation: Potential Mechanisms of Action (2020)

<b>:</b><i>Machaerium hirtum</i> (Vell.) Stellfeld (Fabaceae) known in Brazil as "jacaranda de espinho" or "espinheira santa nativa" is a medicinal plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat ulcers, cough and diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from M. hirtum twig (HEMh) using <i>in vivo</i> experimental models of nociception through the involvement of transient receptor potential channels, acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC), nitrergic, opioidergic, glutamatergic, and supraspinal pathways. Our results revealed an antinociceptive effect of HEMh mediated by the opioidergic, L-arginine-nitric oxide and glutamate systems, as well as by interactions with TRPA1/ASIC channels. The anti-inflammatory effect of HEMh evaluated with a xylene-induced ear edema and by the involvement of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE<sub>2</sub>) showed involvement of the COX pathway, based on observed decreases in PGE<sub>2</sub> levels. A phytochemical investigation of the HEMh led to the isolation of α-amyrin, β-amyrin, allantoin, apigenin-7-methoxy-6-<i>C</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside, and apigenin-6-<i>C</i>-β-D-glucopyranosyl-8-<i>C</i>-β-D-xylopyranoside. In conclusion, the acute oral administration of HEMh inhibits the nociceptive behavioral response in animals through the nitrergic, opioid, glutamatergic pathways, and by inhibition of the TRPA1 and ASIC channels, without causing locomotor dysfunction. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the COX pathway and decreased PGE<sub>2</sub> levels.
The Limits to Radioprotection of Chinese Hamster V79 Cells by WR-1065 under Aerobic Conditions (1998)

Clonogenic survival and drug content for Chinese hamster V79-171 cells incubated in suspension with WR-1065 prior to gamma irradiation have been determined. Factors that might influence the radioprotection by WR-1065 were investigated in control studies. Intracellular drug levels studied ranged between 0-36 nmol per 10(6) cells. In control studies, it was established that extracellular drug toxicity was not significant for cells in suspension at 10(6) per milliliter over short periods but was important when residual drug was present above 2 microM in the final plating of cells. Accumulation of intracellular drug above 30 nmol per 10(6) cells produced significant cytotoxicity in unirradiated cells. Irradiation with doses as high as 150 Gy produced no significant change in the total drug level or the thiol/disulfide ratio, either for the drug in the cells or for the drug in the medium. Preirradiation with 8 Gy did not change the ability of cells to import the drug but did appear to increase the cytotoxicity of the intracellular drug at levels above 25 nmol per 10(6) cells. There was no qualitative difference in the ability of WR-1065 to protect viable cells preirradiated with 8 Gy compared with protection of unirradiated cells. For a given gamma-ray dose from 2 to 40 Gy, there is a limiting value for surviving fraction which cannot be increased by further elevation of the intracellular drug level in V79-171 cells. Such limiting radioprotection was demonstrated for HT-29/SP-ld, HeLa, Me-180-VCII and OV-2008-VI human tumor cells.
Diastereoselective synthesis of the 5-hydroxy-pyrrolidinone amino acid of the microsclerodermins and model studies for an end-game strategy for microsclerodermin B (2016)

The first diastereoselective synthesis of the 5-hydroxy-pyrrolidinone amino acid common to eight members of the microsclerodermin family is presented. Our strategy involves formal hydration of an unsaturated precursor via the use of a two-step hydroxybromination-debromination protocol; this procedure provides exclusively the requisite 4,5-cis-pyrrolidinone. Furthermore model studies are presented that indicated the potential viability of this hydration strategy in the context of a synthesis of microsclerodermin B.
In Silico Identification of Tripeptides as Lead Compounds for the Design of KOR Ligands (2021)

The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) represents an attractive target for the development of drugs as potential antidepressants, anxiolytics and analgesics. A robust computational approach may guarantee a reduction in costs in the initial stages of drug discovery, novelty and accurate results. In this work, a virtual screening workflow of a library consisting of ~6 million molecules was set up, with the aim to find potential lead compounds that could manifest activity on the KOR. This in silico study provides a significant contribution in the identification of compounds capable of interacting with a specific molecular target. The main computational techniques adopted in this experimental work include: (i) virtual screening; (ii) drug design and leads optimization; (iii) molecular dynamics. The best hits are tripeptides prepared via solution phase peptide synthesis. These were tested in vivo, revealing a good antinociceptive effect after subcutaneous administration. However, further work is due to delineate their full <i>pharmacological</i> profile, in order to verify the features predicted by the in silico outcomes.
Microfluidic techniques : reviews and protocols (2006)

Over the last ten years, miniaturization has dramatically shrunk the size of both cellular telephones and chemical instrumentation, and now also holds the promise of developing portable, inexpensive, and disposable analytical systems on a microchip. In Microfluidic Techniques: Reviews and Protocols, hands-on researchers review the principles behind successful miniaturization and describe the key techniques for miniaturizing large-scale biochemical and bioanalytical methods for microchip analysis. The authors cover not only the most popular methods for the fabrication of microchips (photolithography, laser ablation, and soft lithography), but also microfluidic techniques for such bioanalytical assays and bioprocesses as DNA analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoassays, and cell reactors. Highlights include PCR on a microchip, microscale cell culturing, and the study of cellular processes on a microchip. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and informative, Microfluidic Techniques: Reviews and Protocols synthesizes the chemistry, biology, and engineering underlying microfluidic devices so that molecular biologists, as well as analytical and clinical chemists, can advance easily from macroscale to microscale biochemical and bioanalytical techniques
Laser cladding of cast aluminum–silicon alloys for improved dry sliding wear resistance (1998)

AA333 specimens were hardfaced with mechanically mixed Mn–Al bronze powder by laser cladding to investigate its possible use in a boundary lubricated sliding application for better wear resistance. The coatings needed to be more seizure resistant than the AA333 currently in use. Like other cast aluminum alloys, AA333 possesses a hard, silicon rich secondary phase which helps impart good wear properties. However, in starved lubrication conditions, the relative softness and low melting point of the Al-rich matrix can result in its scuffing and even seizure. The laser used was a 6 kW cw CO2 laser, in an oscillating beam process. The experimental group of coatings consisted of a 3×3 matrix of three process parameters—laser power, traverse speed, and powder feed. The coatings were mechanically sound, relatively free of small cracks and porosities, with a strong, tough metallurgical bond. The coatings were 3 to 4 times harder than the AA333 substrate matrix which was about 90 Vhn. Many wear specimens were prepared from the coatings for comparison with AA333 properties, and for property versus process parameter correlations within the experimental matrix of coatings. The coating microstructure was primarily single phase, consisting of fcc columnar-type grains of varying size produced by rapid and directional solidification, with a homogeneous distribution of the alloying elements in solid solution (by wt %: 75 Cu, 12 Mn, 8 Al, 3 Fe, 2 Ni). Analysis of coating microstructures was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffractometry. The interface microstructure was found to contain α-Al (fcc) in the remelt layer and θ-CuAl2 (tetragonal). Tribological tests showed that the seizure resistance of the coatings was superior to AA333 in dry sliding tribological tests, though the wear rates of the coatings show some dependence on the process parameters. The coatings exhibited up to 1/3 the wear rate of the AA333 substrate under the same dry wear test conditions of 4.5 kg normal load at 600 rpm, 30.3 mm radius of sliding, simulating actual component operation. However, the major benefit of the coating is increased resistance to an abrupt, work-stopping failure by seizure. Necessary repair and replacement of parts as a result of seizure can be very costly. The wear mechanisms of coatings and substrate are discussed, as are the coating properties versus process parameters.
Fast wideband near-field imaging with URAs applied to urban sensing (2011)

High resolution wideband near-field imaging requires wideband signals and large array apertures. Hence, a large amount of data needs to be processed in the image formation step. The computational load of the standard delay and sum beamformer stems from the calculation of the focus delays and the evaluation of the sums over the measurements. We propose an approach tackling the problem of calculating the focus delays. Provided a uniform rectangular array (URA) is used, the image can be evaluated on a well tailored discrete grid such that most focus delays are redundant. Now by calculating only the non-redundant values we can reduce the numerical complexity significantly. The above approach is combined with fast beamforming based on the non-equispaced fast Fourier transform (NFFT). We demonstrate the good performance with experimental results from a through-the-wall radar imaging system.
No Significant Effects of Cellphone Electromagnetic Radiation on Mice Memory or Anxiety: Some Mixed Effects on Traumatic Brain Injured Mice (2021)

Current literature details an array of contradictory results regarding the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on health, both in humans and in animal models. The present study was designed to ascertain the conflicting data published regarding the possible impact of cellular exposure (radiation) on male and female mice as far as spatial memory, anxiety, and general well-being is concerned. To increase the likelihood of identifying possible "subtle" effects, we chose to test it in already cognitively impaired (following mild traumatic brain injury; mTBI) mice. Exposure to cellular radiation by itself had no significant impact on anxiety levels or spatial/visual memory in mice. When examining the dual impact of mTBI and cellular radiation on anxiety, no differences were found in the anxiety-like behavior as seen at the elevated plus maze (EPM). When exposed to both mTBI and cellular radiation, our results show improvement of visual memory impairment in both female and male mice, but worsening of the spatial memory of female mice. These results do not allow for a decisive conclusion regarding the possible hazards of cellular radiation on brain function in mice, and the mTBI did not facilitate identification of subtle effects by augmenting them.
A 40 Gbps All-Optical Label/Payload Separation Circuit Using Hybrid Integrated MZI Switches (2006)

We demonstrate an all-optical label/payload separation circuit implemented with hybrid integrated MZI switches. The circuit is self-synchronizing and is shown to provide error-free operation with 40 Gb/s variable length data packets.