gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Labdane Diterpenoids from <i>Vitex vestita</i> (2015)

A large-scale in vitro screening of tropical plants using an antibacterial assay permitted the selection of several species with significant antibacterial activities. Bioassay-guided purification of the dichloromethane extract of the leaves of the Malaysian species Vitex vestita, led to the isolation of six new labdane-type diterpenoids, namely, 12-epivitexolide A (2), vitexolides B and C (3 and 4), vitexolide E (8), and vitexolins A and B (5 and 6), along with six known compounds, vitexolides A (1) and D (7), acuminolide (9), 3β-hydroxyanticopalic acid (10), 8α-hydroxyanticopalic acid (11), and 6α-hydroxyanticopalic acid (12). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR analyses and HRMS experiments. Both variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic studies and chemical modifications were performed to investigate the dynamic epimerization of the γ-hydroxybutenolide moiety of compounds 1-4. Compounds were assayed against a panel of 46 Gram-positive strains. Vitexolide A (1) exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 6 to 96 μM, whereas compounds 2 and 6-9 showed moderate antibacterial activity. The presence of a β-hydroxyalkyl-γ-hydroxybutenolide subunit contributed significantly to antibacterial activity. Compounds 1-4 and 6-9 showed cytotoxic activities against the HCT-116 cancer cell line (1 < IC50s < 10 μM) and human fetal lung fibroblast MRC5 cell line (1 < IC50s < 10 μM for compounds 1, 2, 7, 8, and 9).
Complement C5a receptor antagonist attenuates placental ischemia‐induced hypertension in rat (1084.7) (2014)

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific condition characterized by decreased placental perfusion, new onset hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, decreased free plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and increased innate immune complement system activation producing C3a and C5a. Our previous work demonstrated the importance of complement activation in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of placental ischemia‐ induced hypertension in rat. However, the complement activation product important in mediating the hypertension is unclear. Hypothesis: Complement activation product C5a mediates placental ischemia‐induced hypertension independent of changes in free plasma VEGF. On gestation day (GD) 14, rats underwent sham surgery or clip placement on ovarian arteries and inferior abdominal aorta (RUPP) resulting in placental ischemia and increased blood pressure on GD19. The role of C5a was determined by once daily injection of C5a receptor antagonist acetyl‐F‐[Orn‐P‐(D‐Cha)‐WR] (PMX53, 3mg/kg subcutaneous) or vehicle (10% ethanol in saline) on GD14‐18. On GD19, mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg) was measured via arterial catheter. Complement activation was monitored by measuring relative serum C3a concentration since C5a was not detectable in serum by current assay methods. VEGF was assessed by ELISA. MAP increased in RUPP (n=23, 108±2) vs. Sham (n=19, 93±2) and PMX53 treatment significantly decreased MAP in RUPP rats (n=11, 101±3) with no effect in Sham (n=5, 93±3). As expected, complement activation increased in RUPP vs Sham (p&lt;0.05). Also, fetal weight and VEGF decreased in RUPP vs Sham (p&lt;0.05). PMX53 treatment did not reverse RUPP‐induced changes in complement activation, fetal weight, or VEGF. These data indicate that C5a in part mediates placental ischemia‐induced hypertension independent of reduced free plasma VEGF. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NIH HL109843
Focus Group on Laparoscopic Colectomy Education as Endorsed by The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) and The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) (2006)

Fleshman, James M.D.1; Marcello, Peter M.D.2; Stamos, Michael J. M.D.3; Wexner, Steven D. M.D.4,5 Author Information
Proteomics for the Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics (2010)

Proteomics permits the large-scale and high-throughput analysis of proteins and has become a powerful tool with which to study the pathogenic mechanisms of bacteria. It not only provides a metabolic snapshot at a particular moment in the life of a pathogen, but can also determine where a protein resides, its function, whether it is secreted, and its interactions with other proteins, including those of the host. Comparative proteomics can yield important information on the differences between attenuated and pathogenic organisms and whether a protein is conserved among various strains. Our laboratory has utilized traditional and novel techniques to investigate the global and subproteomes of Bacillus anthracis as they relate to vaccine and therapeutic development. Recently, our efforts have focused on the use of mass spectrometry for B-cell epitope discovery and identification of components of a pathogen that interact with host proteins. Development of vaccines and therapeutics based on proteomic data in combination with novel adjuvants and delivery systems will be presented.
Pru du 1, the Bet <i>v</i> 1‐homologue from almond, is a major allergen in patients with birch pollen associated almond allergy (2022)

Considering the strong inhibition capacity and higher allergenic potency of Bet v 1, the results provide compelling evidence for primary sensitization to Bet v 1 in case of birch pollen associated almond allergy. Combining Pru du 6 and Pru du 1 in diagnostic approaches may help to discriminate between primary and birch-pollen associated almond allergy.
Empagliflozin Improves Kidney Outcomes Irrespective of Control of Blood Pressure, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and HbA1c (2019)

The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated the renoprotective role of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin by reducing the risk of incident or worsening nephropathy by 39% vs. placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular (CV) disease. We investigated the effects of controlling the CV risk factors of blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) on treatment differences in kidney outcomes.
Metal Phosphide-Based Novel Anodes for Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cells (2016)

In this study, metal phosphides such as Ni 2 P, CoP, FeP, WP, and MoP were investigated as novel anode catalysts for intermediate temperature fuel cells. Composite electrolytes composed of CsH 2 PO 4 and SiP 2 O 7 , the metal phosphates, and a commercial Pt/C electrode were used as the electrolyte, anode, and cathode, respectively, and power generation characteristics were evaluated at 220ºC as H 2 -O 2 fuel cells. The anode performance was compared based on the electrochemical surface area of each anode determined by cyclic voltammetry. Among the phosphide anodes, the MoP catalyst exhibited excellent current-voltage characteristics, and demonstrated a potential as an anode catalyst superior to the Pt/C catalyst.
Use of Specialized Bone Screws for Intermaxillary Fixation (2000)

Fixation of the injured mandible to the maxilla is a proven method of stabilizing mandibular fractures and ensuring proper occlusion. The authors report their results with new specialized intraoral bone screws (IMF Screw System; Howmedica Leibinger, Inc., Carrollton, TX) that are designed for the purpose of achieving intermaxillary fixation (IMF). Nineteen patients were placed into rigid IMF using IMF screws alone. Indications were nondisplaced mandibular fractures; symphyseal, body, and angle fractures; midfacial fractures requiring temporary IMF; and edentulous patients with any of these fracture types and an adequate prosthesis. All procedures were performed with the patient under general anesthesia. The authors found that the operative time was markedly shorter than with standard IMF techniques, patient satisfaction was high, and there were no infections related to the screws. All 19 patients remained in stable, accurate occlusion and had adequate healing. One patient continues to have paraesthesias in the mental nerve distribution after screw removal. Although there is the potential for tooth and nerve injury when screws are placed improperly, the IMF Screw System seems to be a safe and reliable method of achieving secure mandibular fixation.
Crystal structures of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one and 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one (2015)

The crystal structures are reported of the isomeric compounds 2-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-3-phenyl-2,3-di-hydro-4H-1,3-benzo-thia-zin-4-one, (I), and 2-(2-nitro-phen-yl)-3-phenyl-2,3-di-hydro-4H-1,3-benzo-thia-zin-4-one, (II), both C20H14N2O3S, being the para-nitro and ortho-nitro forms, respectively, the meta-form of which is known [Yennawar et al. (2013). Acta Cryst. E69, o1679]. The six-membered thia-zone ring fused with a benzene ring displays a screw-boat conformation with a total puckering amplitude of 0.627 (1) Å in (I), and a near screw-boat conformation with a total puckering amplitude of 0.600 (1) Å in (II). The dihedral angles between the planes of the substituent nitrophenyl and phenyl and rings with the benzene ring of the parent benzo-thia-zone moiety are 75.93 (5) and 82.61 (5)° [in (I)], and 76.79 (6) and 71.66 (6)° [in (II)]. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions between aromatic H-atom donors and both a nitro-O atom and a thia-zone O-atom acceptor in (I) and a thia-zone O atom in (II) are present, forming in (I) a centrosymmetric 22-membered cyclic dimer which is extended through a similar inversion-related 14-membered cyclic hydrogen-bonding association into a zigzag chain structure extending along c. In (II), a single inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond gives a chain structure extending along b. In addition, weak C-H⋯π inter-actions are present in both structures [minimum C⋯ring-centroid separations = 3.630 (2) and 3.581 (2) Å, respectively].
Selective weighing of individual microparticles using a hybrid micromanipulator-nanomechanical resonator system (2012)

We report a system for selecting, placing, and weighing individual micro-scale particles that is based on combination of a micromanipulator and a cantilever-based differential resonator. Instead of relying on probabilistic attachment of particles on sensor surfaces, the system can specifically select and weigh individual micro-entities. The micromanipulator is able to move particles from a native media to the surface of a resonator which can weigh particles with a 2 pg resolution. The system allows individual manipulating and weighing a wide variety of entities that can be visualized under a microscope, ranging from cell spheres to spore clusters to microparticles.
Haptic Rendering of Dynamic Volumetric Data (2008)

With current methods for volume haptics in scientific visualization, features in time-varying data can freely move straight through the haptic probe without generating any haptic feedback the algorithms are simply not designed to handle variation with time but consider only the instantaneous configuration when the haptic feedback is calculated. This article introduces haptic rendering of dynamic volumetric data to provide a means for haptic exploration of dynamic behaviour in volumetric data. We show how haptic feedback can be produced that is consistent with volumetric data moving within the virtual environment and with data that, in itself, evolves over time. Haptic interaction with time-varying data is demonstrated by allowing palpation of a CT sequence of a beating human heart.
Left atrial flutter accelerates during ablation of atrial fibrillation: a paradoxical effect of electrical remodelling (2011)

After ablation-induced transition from AF to AFL, or faster to slower AFL, there is a progressive increase in AFL rate over time. The mechanism of this acceleration is uncertain, but the time constant of this rate increase is consistent with the recovery of the slow/ultraslow sodium current in the setting of established electrical remodelling.
Automatic MRI Quantifying Methods in Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Diagnosis (2018)

VOL, VBM, and their combination are effective in differential diagnostics between bvFTD and AD or SMC. However, MRI atrophy profiles for bvFTD and LBD are too similar for a reliable differentiation with the quantification methods tested in this study.
Proteome analysis of the perilymph: Identification of biomarkers (2019)

The success that can be achieved with a cochlear implant depends on many factors. Unfortunately, there are currently only a few parameters that allow an assessment of speech understanding with an implant. The aim of the study is to show a possible correlation between the proteome of the perilymph and speech understanding with the cochlear implant.
Motor neuron disease due to neuropathy target esterase gene mutation: Clinical features of the index families (2010)

Recently, we reported that mutations in the neuropathy target esterase (NTE) gene cause autosomal recessive motor neuron disease (NTE-MND). We describe clinical, neurophysiologic, and neuroimaging features of affected subjects in the index families. NTE-MND subjects exhibited progressive lower extremity spastic weakness that began in childhood and was later associated with atrophy of distal leg and intrinsic hand muscles. NTE-MND resembles Troyer syndrome, except that short stature, cognitive impairment, and dysmorphic features, which often accompany Troyer syndrome, are not features of NTE-MND. Early onset, symmetry, and slow progression distinguish NTE-MND from typical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NTE is implicated in organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). NTE-MND patients have upper and lower motor neuron deficits that are similar to OPIDN. Motor neuron degeneration in subjects with NTE mutations supports the role of NTE and its biochemical cascade in the molecular pathogenesis of OPIDN and possibly other degenerative neurologic disorders.
Disulfide Formation in the ER and Mitochondria: Two Solutions to a Common Process (2009)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was long considered to be the only compartment of the eukaryotic cell in which protein folding is accompanied by enzyme-catalyzed disulfide bond formation. However, it has recently become evident that cells harbor a second oxidizing compartment, the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where disulfide formation facilitates protein translocation from the cytosol. Moreover, protein oxidation has been implicated in many mitochondria-associated processes central for human health such as apoptosis, aging, and regulation of the respiratory chain. Whereas the machineries of ER and mitochondria both form disulfides between cysteine residues, they do not share evolutionary origins and exhibit distinct mechanistic properties. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of these oxidation systems and discuss their functional similarities and differences.
Robot-Assisted Target Localization using a Cooperative Scheme relying on Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

In this article, a control/communication scheme for mobile robots operating in an uncertain environment in a target localization problem is considered. These robots need to exchange information with a base station via a mobile ad-hoc wireless network. This network is composed of both stationary and mobile nodes. Experimental results indicate a significant deterioration of the robot performance when the network is congested and the RF-signal strength is low resulting in loss of packets. Primitive, yet reliable cooperative schemes are evaluated in a target acquisition problem and experimental results are offered to validate the efficacy of the suggested scheme
Relationship Between Microbial Biomass and Elemental Sulfur Oxidation in Agricultural Soils (1988)

Abstract Elemental sulfur oxidation in 28 agricultural soils was correlated with the size and activity of the microbial biomass. Sulfur oxidation increased linearly with microbial biomass C ( r = 0.68, P &lt; 0.01) and soil respiration rate ( r = 0.88, P &lt; 0.01). Canonical analyses of the same data set further emphasized the strong interrelationship of sulfur oxidation, microbial biomass C, and respiration. These results indicated that the size and activity of the microbial biomass determined the rate of elemental S oxidation in agricultural soils. Increasing the heterotrophic biomass by glucose additions caused an increase in sulfur oxidation that was proportional to the increase in biomass C. Application of cycloheximide or chloramphenicol to a Weyburn soil decreased S oxidation by 57%. When the two inhibitors were added together an 84% decrease was observed. These results and the absence of detectable populations of elemental S oxidizing autotrophs indicated that S oxidation in these soils was primarily a heterotrophic process.
Achievable Degrees-of-Freedom Through Blind Interference Alignment using Staggered Antenna Switching for the K-user SISO Interference Channel. (2014)

In this letter, we present the first characterization for the achievable Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) by Blind Interference Alignment (BIA) using staggered antenna switching in the $K$-user Gaussian Interference Channel. In such scheme, each transmitter is equipped with one conventional antenna and each receiver is equipped with one reconfigurable (multi-mode) antenna. Assuming that the channel is known to the receivers only, we show that BIA can achieve $\frac{2K}{K+2}$ DoF, which surpasses the sum DoF achieved by previously known interference alignment schemes with delayed channel state information at transmitters (CSIT). This result implies that the sum DoF is upper bounded by 2, which means that the best we can do with BIA is to double the DoF achieved by orthogonal multiple access schemes. Moreover, we propose an algorithm to generate the transmit beamforming vectors and the reconfigurable antenna switching patterns, and apply this algorithm to the 4-user SISO Interference Channel, showing that $\frac{4}{3}$ sum DoF is achievable.
Atomistic-scale analysis of the deformation and failure of polypropylene composites reinforced by functionalized silica nanoparticles (2021)

Interfacial adhesion between polymer matrix and reinforcing silica nanoparticles plays an important role in strengthening polypropylene (PP) composite. To improve the adhesion strength, the surface of silica nanoparticles can be modified by grafted functional molecules. Using atomistic simulations, we examined the effect of functionalization of silica nanoparticles by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) molecules on the deformation and failure of silica-reinforced PP composite. We found that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of PP composite functionalized by OTES (28 MPa) is higher than that of HMDS (25 MPa), which is in turn higher than that passivated only by hydrogen (22 MPa). To understand the underlying mechanistic origin, we calculated the adhesive energy and interfacial strength of the interphase region, and found that both the adhesive energy and interfacial strength are the highest for the silica nanoparticles functionalized by OTES molecules, while both are the lowest by hydrogen. The ultimate failure of the polymer composite is initiated by the cavitation in the interphase region with the lowest mass density, and this cavitation failure mode is common for all the examined PP composites, but the cavitation position is dependent on the tail length of the functional molecules. The present work provides interesting insights into the deformation and cavitation failure mechanisms of the silica-reinforced PP composites, and the findings can be used as useful guidelines in selecting chemical agents for surface treatment of silica nanoparticles.
The Global Spine Community and COVID-19 (2020)

Louie, Philip K. MD; Harada, Garrett K. MD; McCarthy, Michael H. MD, MPH; Albert, Todd J. MD; An, Howard S. MD; Samartzis, Dino DSc Author Information
Seeing More with Less: Clinical Benefits of Photon-counting Detector CT (2023)

Photon-counting detector (PCD) CT is an emerging technology that has led to continued innovation and progress in diagnostic imaging after it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in September 2021. Conventional energy-integrating detector (EID) CT measures the total energy of x-rays by converting photons to visible light and subsequently using photodiodes to convert visible light to digital signals. In comparison, PCD CT directly records x-ray photons as electric signals, without intermediate conversion to visible light. The benefits of PCD CT systems include improved spatial resolution due to smaller detector pixels, higher iodine image contrast, increased geometric dose efficiency to allow high-resolution imaging, reduced radiation dose for all body parts, multienergy imaging capabilities, and reduced artifacts. To recognize these benefits, diagnostic applications of PCD CT in musculoskeletal, thoracic, neuroradiologic, cardiovascular, and abdominal imaging must be optimized and adapted for specific diagnostic tasks. The diagnostic benefits and clinical applications resulting from PCD CT in early studies have allowed improved visualization of key anatomic structures and radiologist confidence for some diagnostic tasks, which will continue as PCD CT evolves and clinical use and applications grow. <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material. See the invited commentary by Ananthakrishnan in this issue.
The glomerular polyanion (GPA) of the rat kidney. III. Further characterization of a vaso-active serum factor which reduces GPA. (1985)

Fractions of normal rat serum were purified using gel chromatography and their molecular weights were analysed using gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The fractions were tested for their capacity to affect in vitro glomerular polyanion (GPA) in rat kidney tissue whereas their vascular enhancing capacity in vivo after intradermal injection into the rat skin was analysed. GPA impairment in vitro was estimated after incubation of the fractions with tissue sections for 2 h at 37 degrees C and subsequent staining for sialoproteins with colloidal iron. Enhanced vascular responses were assayed using a standard vascular permeability test in the rat skin. The results show that a factor with an estimated molecular weight of 120 000 was responsible for a dose-related activity in both test systems studied. The activity of this fraction could be inhibited by various plasma kallikrein-inhibiting protease inhibitors, whereas in addition the skin response could be inhibited by pyridinolcarbamate and not by histamine- or serotonin-inhibiting drugs. From the inhibition patterns in vivo and in vitro as well as from the estimated molecular weight of the fraction, it is suggested that a plasma kallikrein-like factor might be responsible for the activities observed. We feel that further study of this fraction in rat or human serum is worthwhile in particular with respect to nephrotic conditions associated with GPA loss.