gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmural bioenergetic responses of normal myocardium to high workstates (1995)

The response of myocardial high-energy and inorganic phosphates (HEP and Pi, respectively) and associated changes in myocardial blood flow, lactate uptake, and O2 consumption (MVo2) rates were examined in an open-chest canine model during progressively increasing workloads achieved by catecholamine infusion. HEP and Pi levels (measured with transmurally localized 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were unaffected by moderate increases in the level of energy expenditure but were significantly altered by high workloads, especially in the subepicardium. The MVo2 and HEP data from three different protocols that utilized pharmacological augmentation of blood flow demonstrated that the maximal rate of myocardial energy production during inotropic stimulation was dictated by perfusion limitation. This limitation was more severe in the subepicardial layer at the high workloads despite equivalent or even higher increases in blood flow to this layer, reflecting a preferential enhancement of demand in the outer layer by catecholamines. In contrast, under basal conditions, existence of a marginal perfusion limitation was evident in the inner but not in the outer layer.
Tenacious Epoxy Adhesives Prepared from Lignin-derived Stable Metabolic Intermediate (2009)

In this study, the tenacious epoxy adhesive originated from Lignin-derived intermediate, 2-pyrone-4,6- dicarboxylic acid (PDC), was obtained which is expected for not only a biomass material as alternative to petroleum one but also the usage as an adhesive with higher quality than existing one.
Ground Defected Planar Super-wideband Antenna: A Suitable Transceiver for Short Distance Wireless Communication (2018)

A planar microstrip patch super-wideband antenna is presented for short distance wireless communication applications. The antenna is comprised of a simple patch and a ground plane and etched on two sides of a 1.6 mm-thick standard FR4 substrate material with a relative permittivity of 4.5 and loss tangent (0.02). The proposed antenna possesses a compact size of 29 × 20.5 mm2 with an electrical dimension of 0.25 λ × 0.18 λ. To enhance the operating bandwidth, the ground plane is modified by adding seven small rectangular slots on its upper side. Through numerical studies, it is found that insertion of the slots enhances the coupling between the patch and ground plane resulting in achievement of a super-wide operating band. From the measurements, it is observed that the fabricated prototype antenna has a bandwidth from 2.63 to more than 18 GHz, a symmetric omnidirectional radiation characteristic and the maximum peak gain of 5.85 dBi which makes it a suitable transceiver for short distance communication applications.
A synthetic cyclitol-nucleoside conjugate polyphosphate is a highly potent second messenger mimic (2019)

Reactions that form <i>sec-sec</i> ethers are well known, but few lead to compounds with dense functionality around the <i>O</i>-linkage. Replacement of the α-glucopyranosyl unit of adenophostin A, a potent d-<i>myo</i>-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP<sub>3</sub>R) agonist, with a d-<i>chiro</i>-inositol surrogate acting substantially as a pseudosugar, leads to "d-<i>chiro</i>-inositol adenophostin". At its core, this cyclitol-nucleoside trisphosphate comprises a nucleoside sugar linked via an axial d-<i>chiro</i>-inositol 1-hydroxyl-adenosine 3'-ribose ether linkage. A divergent synthesis of d-<i>chiro</i>-inositol adenophostin has been achieved. Key features of the synthetic strategy to produce a triol for phosphorylation include a new selective mono-tosylation of racemic 1,2:4,5-di-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene-<i>myo</i>-inositol using tosyl imidazole; subsequent conversion of the product into separable camphanate ester derivatives, one leading to a chiral <i>myo</i>-inositol triflate used as a synthetic building block and the other to l-5-<i>O</i>-methyl-<i>my</i>o-inositol [l-(+)-bornesitol] to assign the absolute configuration; the nucleophilic coupling of an alkoxide of a ribose pent-4-ene orthoester unit with a structurally rigid chiral <i>myo</i>-inositol triflate derivative, representing the first <i>sec-sec</i> ether formation between a cyclitol and ribose. Reaction of the coupled product with a silylated nucleobase completes the assembly of the core structure. Further protecting group manipulation, mixed <i>O</i>- and <i>N</i>-phosphorylation, and subsequent removal of all protecting groups in a single step achieves the final product, avoiding a separate <i>N</i>6 protection/deprotection strategy. d-<i>chiro</i>-Inositol adenophostin evoked Ca<sup>2+</sup> release through IP<sub>3</sub>Rs at lower concentrations than adenophostin A, hitherto the most potent known agonist of IP<sub>3</sub>Rs.
Differential Signaling Profiles of MC4R Mutations with Three Different Ligands (2020)

The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is a key player in hypothalamic weight regulation and energy expenditure as part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. Mutations in this G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) are the most common cause for monogenetic obesity, which appears to be mediated by changes in the anorectic action of MC4R via G<sub>S</sub>-dependent cyclic adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling as well as other signaling pathways. To study potential bias in the effects of MC4R mutations between the different signaling pathways, we investigated three major <i>MC4R</i> mutations: a G<sub>S</sub> loss-of-function (S127L) and a G<sub>S</sub> gain-of-function mutant (H158R), as well as the most common European single nucleotide polymorphism (V103I). We tested signaling of all four major G protein families plus extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and β-arrestin2 recruitment, using the two endogenous agonists, α- and β-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), along with a synthetic peptide agonist (NDP-α-MSH). The S127L mutation led to a full loss-of-function in all investigated pathways, whereas V103I and H158R were clearly biased towards the G<sub>q/11</sub> pathway when challenged with the endogenous ligands. These results show that <i>MC4R</i> mutations can cause vastly different changes in the various MC4R signaling pathways and highlight the importance of a comprehensive characterization of receptor mutations.
Gender differences in free radical homeostasis during aging: shorter‐lived female C57BL6 mice have increased oxidative stress (2006)

Gender is a profound determinant of aging and lifespan, but little is known about gender differences in free radical homeostasis. Free radicals are proposed as key elements in the multifactorial process of aging and it is predicted that the longer-lived gender should have lower levels of oxidative stress. While the majority of studies on aging have included a single gender, recent studies in rats compared genders and found that females, the longer-lived sex, had lower oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction than males. We explored the association between oxidative stress and gender-specific aging in C57BL6 mice, in which females are the shorter-lived gender. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in young and old mice by confocal imaging of dihydroethidium (DHE) oxidation in the brain, and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry of isolated brain mitochondria. Both genders exhibited significant age-dependent increases in ROS. However, females had a greater increase with age than males in DHE oxidation but not mitochondrial EPR. Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) protein levels were lower in old females. To determine whether enhancing antioxidant defenses would eliminate gender differences in lifespan, mice were treated chronically with a superoxide dismutase mimetic. Treatment blocked the age-dependent increase in ROS, with a greater effect in females on DHE oxidation, but not mitochondrial EPR. Treatment also increased lifespan to a greater degree in females. Our results indicate that differences in ROS homeostasis contribute to gender divergence in survival, but also suggest that mitochondrial superoxide production may not be primarily responsible for gender differences in lifespan.
Gate-tunable quantum oscillations in ambipolar Cd3As2 thin films (2015)

Electrostatic doping in materials can lead to various exciting electronic properties, such as metal–insulator transition and superconductivity, by altering the Fermi level position or introducing exotic phases. Cd3As2, a three-dimensional (3D) analog of graphene with extraordinary carrier mobility, was predicted to be a 3D Dirac semimetal, a feature confirmed by recent experiments. However, most research so far has been focused on metallic bulk materials that are known to possess ultra-high mobility and giant magneto-resistance but limited carrier transport tunability. Here we report on the first observation of a gate-induced transition from band conduction to hopping conduction in single-crystalline Cd3As2 thin films via electrostatic doping by solid electrolyte gating. The extreme charge doping enables the unexpected observation of p-type conductivity in a ∼50-nm-thick Cd3As2 thin film grown by molecular beam epitaxy. More importantly, the gate-tunable Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations and the temperature-dependent resistance reveal a unique band structure and bandgap opening when the dimensionality of Cd3As2 is reduced. This is also confirmed by our first-principle calculations. The present results offer new insights toward nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications of Dirac semimetals in general and provide new routes in the search for the intriguing quantum spin Hall effect in low-dimension Dirac semimetals, an effect that is theoretically predicted but not yet experimentally realized. The tunable quantum transport capabilities of cadmium arsenide thin films may unlock new applications for graphene-like semiconductors. Cadmium arsenide has similar electronic properties to graphene, but is easier to work with thanks to its three-dimensional crystal structure. Faxian Xiu of Fudan University in Shanghai and co-workers have now mapped out this material's band structure in confined 50-nanometre-thin film structures. By using a source-drain layout with an unconventional gate electrode — a droplet of ionic electrolyte that electrostatically dopes cadmium arsenide and changes its Fermi level — they saw remarkable conductivity switching behaviour, which is useful for ambipolar field effect transistors. Applying magnetic fields during device operation also revealed the possibility of generating quantum spin Hall effects — the team observed intriguing quantum oscillation conductivity when the Fermi level was pushed into the high-mobility conduction band. Cd3As2, which is known as a topological Dirac semimetal, has been grown on mica substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with high mobility. The temperature-dependent resistance of as-grown Cd3As2 thin films showed semiconducting behavior, indicating the band gap opening as opposed to the bulk counterpart. By solid electrolyte gating, the ambipolar effect and gate-tunable quantum oscillations were clearly demonstrated. These features make the Cd3As2 thin film system a promising platform to observe various exotic phenomena and realize new electronic applications.
&lt;title&gt;Analysis of periodic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal structures for dynamic hologram applications&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

Electro-optical switching of the diffraction efficiency in volume holographic gratings offers the possibility of real-time control and programmability of diffractive optic components. We have recently demonstrated efficient electro-optical control of the diffraction efficiency in gratings consisting of periodic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) planes. We analyze this system as a rectangular index modulation profile, with the low index region being pure polymer, and the high index region consisting of a distribution of ellipsoidal nematic liquid crystal droplets of sub-micrometer size. The results of coupled-wave theory are combined with an analysis of the electro- mechanical behavior of these droplets to model the field-dependent diffraction efficiency. The effects of system parameters on diffraction switching is explored, and a physical interpretation of the switching phenomena in PDLC gratings is elucidated. Insights to the design of practical switchable diffractive optical elements can be obtained from the model.
XUV Reflection and Ellipsometry Experiments at ELIBeamlines (2020)

We report on the results of the recent experiments of the XUV ELIps reflection and ellipsometry station at ELI Beamlines. Using the High Harmonic Generation source and a 1 kHz in-house developed laser, experiments in known samples such as GaN, STO and SiC were done and will be discussed.
Mobile Service Micro-containers for Cloud Environments (2012)

Study of mobility on Cloud infrastructures and platforms shows that they present limitation related to deployment and running of service-based applications that are built from heterogeneous services (heterogeneous programming languages, communication protocols and/or hosting frameworks). In this paper, we present mobile service-containers that are able to host services on the Cloud and migrate from one virtual machine to another independently of the programming languages and/or bindings of the deployed services. Mobile micro-containers are extensions from our already developed micro-containers for hosting service-based applications on the Cloud. Several approaches were considered and discussed to provide mobility for service micro-containers. Experiments are conducted to compare these approaches but also to determine the overhead of the added mobility.
Program phase detection and exploitation (2006)

Studies of application behavior reveal the nested repetition of large and small program phases, with significant variation among phases in such characteristics as memory reference patterns, memory and energy usage, I/O activity, and occupancy of micro-architectural resources. In this project, we study theories and techniques for reliably predicting and exploiting phased behavior, so an advanced execution environment may allocate resources in a way that better matches program needs, or to transform programs so that their needs better match the available resources. In this paper, we present the basic components of the study and report the progress in the past half year
Contact angle measurement of GaInAsP surfaces for wafer direct bonding with garnet crystals (2003)

GaInAsP surfaces were investigated by contact angle measurement of a water droplet to estimate their hydrophilicity. The most hydrophilic surface of GaInAsP was obtained by the O/sub 2/ plasma activation process. Wafer direct bonding was successfully achieved between O/sub 2/ plasma activated GaInAsP and garnet crystals.
Revealing new properties of light-matter interaction using ultrashort light pulses: from self-assembled nanostructures to hidden anisotropy of light beam (2010)

Interaction of intense ulrashort light pulses with transparent materials reveal new interesting properties and phenomena. Recent demonstrations of 3D nanoripple formation, nonreciprocal photosensitivity, ultrafast laser calligraphy and light blade effect due to hidden anisotropy of ultrafast laser beam are reviewed.
Speech Recognition for Medical Conversations (2018)

In this paper we document our experiences with developing speech recognition for medical transcription -a system that automatically transcribes doctor-patient conversations.Towards this goal, we built a system along two different methodological lines -a Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) phoneme based model and a Listen Attend and Spell (LAS) grapheme based model.To train these models we used a corpus of anonymized conversations representing approximately 14,000 hours of speech.Because of noisy transcripts and alignments in the corpus, a significant amount of effort was invested in data cleaning issues.We describe a two-stage strategy we followed for segmenting the data.The data cleanup and development of a matched language model was essential to the success of the CTC based models.The LAS based models, however were found to be resilient to alignment and transcript noise and did not require the use of language models.CTC models were able to achieve a word error rate of 20.1%, and the LAS models were able to achieve 18.3%.Our analysis shows that both models perform well on important medical utterances and therefore can be practical for transcribing medical conversations.
In Vitro Assessment of Chlorhexidine Gluconate–Impregnated Polyurethane Foam Antimicrobial Dressing Using Zone of Inhibition Assays (2004)

Abstract Objective: To evaluate an antimicrobial dressing consisting of hydrophilic polyurethane foam with chlorhexidine gluconate for activity against several antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates as well as American Type Culture Collection reference strains using zone of inhibition assays. Methods: Sterile foam samples with chlorhexidine gluconate and untreated controls were transferred onto inoculated agar plates. Plates were incubated at 35°C to 37° C for 24 hours and examined for zones of inhibition around the foam samples. Results: Polyurethane foam with chlorhexidine gluconate showed antimicrobial activity in vitro against all of the challenge organisms including antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates. Conclusion: The data from this in vitro study support the hypothesis that polyurethane foam with chlorhexidine gluconate has an antimicrobial effect against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus species, as well as Candida species.
Policies for Goal Directed Multi-Finger Manipulation (2012)

We present a method for one-handed task based manipulation of objects. Our approach uses a mid-level multiphase approach to break the problem into three parts, providing an appropriate control strategy for each phase and resulting in cyclic finger motions that accomplish the task. All motion is physically based, and guided by a policy computed for a particular task. The exact trajectory is never specified as the goal of our different tasks are concerned with the final orientation and position of the object. The offline simulations used to learn the policy are effective solutions for the task, but an important aspect of our work is that the policy is general enough to be used online in real time. We present two manipulation tasks and discuss their performance along with limitations.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Route to 2‐Pyridones and Its Application Toward the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Ipalbidine. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Table S2 from Prognostic and Chemotherapy Predictive Value of Gene-Expression Phenotypes in Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2. Table providing detailed survival results for univariate and multivariate analyses of association of subtype classification with overall survival.&lt;/p&gt;
Development of Optical System Eliminating Insensitive Regions in Linear Image Sensor Using Image Split Mirror. (1995)

In an automatic detection system for small particles on patterned wafers, the optical system which eliminates insensitive regions on a linear image sensor has been developed. The real image of wafer is splitted into two parts by the split mirror set on the real image plane of the detection system. The insensitive regions are eliminated by setting the linear image sensors whose pixels are shifted by a halfpixel relatively, on these two real images. The relative displacement between the two real image detected by the sensors is 0.5±0.1 pixel over the view field of 3mm and the shading of images is 23%. The intensity of images with the split mirror becomes twice as much as that with the half mirror.
Tympanic Membrane Structure during a<i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i>-induced. Middle Ear Infection:<i>A Study in the Rat Middle Ear</i> (1989)

In response to a Staphylococcus aureus-induced middle ear infection the tympanic membrane showed infiltration of polymorphonuclear granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages and increased areas covered by ciliary and secretory epithelium. These reactions, which were comparable to the cellular and mucociliary responses seen in the middle ear mucosa during infection, were restricted to the pars flaccida and to predominantly the annular and manubrial regions of the pars tensa. This showed that the greater part of the tympanic membrane, where the lamina propria is composed of collagenous bundles and only very thin layers of loose connective tissue, is hardly affected by or barely responds to the inflammatory stimulus.
Dispersion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using a Pseudo-Graft Stabilizer:  Role of Reactor Mixing (2004)

The free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) using a commercially available acid-terminated perfluoropolyether as a stabilizer (Krytox 157 FSL) is analyzed experimentally. A series of polymerizations were carried out under identical conditions; only the rate of stirring was varied. At each specific stirring rate, the complete evolution of conversion and molecular weight was obtained by repeated experiments quenched at different times. The results obtained indicate that the dispersion becomes unstable at a surprisingly moderate stirring rate (above 25 rpm). Clearly, the anchoring interaction of the Krytox stabilizer is relatively weak, and destabilization occurs at modest shear induced by the mechanical stirring. However, when stable conditions are achieved, normal kinetic behavior is observed, leading to a fluffy polymer, with uniform particle size in the range of few microns and relatively broad molecular weight distribution. A particular attraction of these stabilizers is that the anchoring interactions occur via a hydrogen-bonding mechanism which is reversible; thus, no residues of stabilizer are found in the final PMMA product, and the stabilizer is vented with CO2. Apart from the shift of the high molecular weights, likely due to diffusion limitations in the polymer particles at high conversion, this broad molecular weight distribution is a result of the combined action of two reaction loci: the polymer particles and the continuous phase. Even under stable conditions, although the polymer particles are clearly the dominant locus of polymerization, the contribution of the polymerization in the continuous phase cannot be neglected.