gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel Polymeric Acrylate-Based Flame Retardants Containing Two Phosphorus Groups in Different Chemical Environments and Their Influence on the Flammability of Poly (Lactic Acid) (2020)

Novel polymeric acrylate-based flame retardants (FR 1-4) containing two phosphorus groups in different chemical environments were synthesized in three steps and characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mass spectrometry (MS). Polylactic acid (PLA) formulations with the synthesized compounds were investigated to evaluate the efficiency of these flame retardants and their mode of action by using TGA, UL94, and cone calorimetry. In order to compare the results a flame retardant polyester containing only one phosphorus group (ItaP) was also investigated in PLA regarding its flame inhibiting effect. Since the fire behavior depends not only on the mode of action of the flame retardants but also strongly on physical phenomena like melt dripping, the flame retardants were also incorporated into PLA with higher viscosity. In the UL94 vertical burning test setup, 10% of the novel flame retardants (FR 1-4) is sufficient to reach a V-0 rating in both PLA types, while a loading of 15% of ItaP is not enough to reach the same classification. Despite their different structure, TGA and cone calorimetry results confirmed a gas phase mechanism mainly responsible for the highly efficient flame retardancy for all compounds. Finally, cone calorimetry tests of the flame retardant PLA with two heat fluxes showed different flame inhibiting efficiencies for different fire scenarios.
Safety assessment of brotizolam. (1986)

Brotizolam (2-bromo-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno [3,2-f]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-1,4-diazepine, We 941, Lendormin), a new hypnotic, was submitted to a comprehensive range of safety assessment tests. Acute (single dose) toxicity was very low, while in subacute and chronic studies in rodents, signs of toxicity were first seen at doses of 400 mg/kg or more. Histopathological changes were only seen in the 1 1/2-year study. Ataxia, salivation, and diarrhea were observed in a 4-week intravenous study in dogs, and ataxia, increased feed intake, muscular spasms, increased liver weight, and lipid depletion of the adrenal cortex in two oral studies in monkeys. Reproductive studies in the rat and the rabbit revealed no disturbances in fertility, nor were any embryotoxic or teratogenic effects detected in doses of up to 30 mg/kg. Only at 400 mg/kg was litter mortality increased. Local tolerance tests in rabbits indicated good compatibility of brotizolam when administered intramuscularly, intra-arterially, or intravenously. No signs of any genotoxic action could be detected. A carcinogenicity study in mice showed no evidence of any oncogenic effect, while in rats, although the incidence of certain tumors appeared somewhat higher in the high-dose group, this could be explained by the range of biological variation within the strain, a possible modulating effect on the immune system due to the stress of a very high dose, and a functional effect on the thyroid. These studies thus demonstrate that brotizolam has a remarkably wide therapeutic range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinship Index Variations among Populations and Thresholds for Familial Searching (2012)

Current familial searching strategies are developed primarily based on autosomal STR loci, since most of the offender profiles in the forensic DNA databases do not contain Y-STR or mitochondrial DNA data. There are generally two familial searching methods, Identity-by-State (IBS) based methods or kinship index (KI) based methods. The KI based method is an analytically superior method because the allele frequency information is considered as opposed to solely allele counting. However, multiple KIs should be calculated if the unknown forensic profile may be attributed to multiple possible relevant populations. An important practical issue is the KI threshold to select for limiting the list of candidates from a search. There are generally three strategies of setting the KI threshold for familial searching: (1) SWGDAM recommendation 6; (2) minimum KI≥KI threshold; and (3) maximum KI≥KI threshold. These strategies were evaluated and compared by using both simulation data and empirical data. The minimum KI will tend to be closer to the KI appropriate for the population of which the forensic profile belongs. The minimum KI≥KI threshold performs better than the maximum KI≥KI threshold. The SWGDAM strategy may be too stringent for familial searching with large databases (e.g., 1 million or more profiles), because its KI thresholds depend on the database size and the KI thresholds of large databases have a higher probability to exclude true relatives than smaller databases. Minimum KI≥KI threshold strategy is a better option, as it provides the flexibility to adjust the KI threshold according to a pre-determined number of candidates or false positive/negative rates. Joint use of both IBS and KI does not significantly reduce the chance of including true relatives in a candidate list, but does provide a higher efficiency of familial searching.
Data from IL2 Variant Circumvents ICOS&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Regulatory T-cell Expansion and Promotes NK Cell Activation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Clinical responses to high-dose IL2 therapy are limited due to selective expansion of CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD25&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;Foxp3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-regulatory cells (Treg), especially ICOS&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tregs, rather than natural killer (NK) cells and effector T cells. These ICOS&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tregs are highly suppressive and constitutively express high levels of IL2Rα (CD25) and CD39. Here, we characterized the effect of a mutant form of IL2 (F42K), which preferentially binds to the lower affinity IL2Rβγ with reduced binding to CD25, on Tregs, effector NK cells, and T-cell subsets. Unlike wild-type (WT) IL2, F42K did not efficiently induce the expansion of highly suppressive ICOS&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy controls and melanoma patients. Instead, it promoted the expansion of CD16&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD56&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; NK cells and CD56&lt;sup&gt;hi&lt;/sup&gt;CD16&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; NK cell subsets in both short- and long-term cultures, with enhanced Bcl-2 expression. Stimulation of PBMCs with F42K induced expression of more NK cell activation molecules, such as NKp30, NKp44, DNAM-1, NKG2D, 4-1BB/CD137, and Tim-3, than WT IL2. F42K induced greater upregulation of TRAIL, and NK-mediated cytolytic activity was increased against both autologous and HLA-mismatched melanoma cells compared with WT IL2. Gene expression analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles stimulated by F42K, WT IL2, and IL15. F42K therapy &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; also induced a dramatic reduction in the expansion of ICOS&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tregs, promoted NK cell expansion, and inhibited melanoma tumor growth more efficiently than WT IL2 and more effectively than anti–CTLA-4. Our findings suggest that F42K could be a potential substitute for WT IL2 as a cytokine therapy for cancer. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 4(11); 983–94. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effect of long‐term (2 years) exposure of mouse brains to global system for mobile communication (GSM) radiofrequency fields on astrocytic immunoreactivity (2015)

This study was designed to determine whether long-term (2 years) brain exposure to mobile telephone radiofrequency (RF) fields produces any astrocytic activation as these glia react to a wide range of neural perturbations by astrogliosis. Using a purpose-designed exposure system at 900 MHz, mice were given a single, far-field whole body exposure at a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg on five successive days per week for 104 weeks. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely mobile in a cage to control any stress caused by immobilization in the exposure module. Brains were perfusion-fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and three coronal levels immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These brain slices were then examined by light microscopy and the amount of this immunomarker quantified using a color deconvolution method. There was no change in astrocytic GFAP immunostaining in brains after long-term exposure to mobile telephony microwaves compared to control (sham-exposed or freely moving caged mice). It was concluded that long-term (2 years) exposure of murine brains to mobile telephone RF fields did not produce any astrocytic reaction (astrogliosis) detectable by GFAP immunostaining.
The role of methane in internal carbon cycling in Lake Mendota during summer stratification (1980)

The rate of methane formation and evasion was estimated during summer stratification from methane profiles and the rate of methane oxidation measured with 14 CH 4 . Organic carbon sedimentation was measured with sedimentation traps. For the deep‐water sediments of Lake Mendota, about 54% of the organic carbon sedimented returns as methane. Methane oxidation at the thermocline is a much more significant process in Lake Mendota than in Lake 227 during summer stratification, apparently because of the higher eddy diffusivity in Lake Mendota, with concomitant transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the zone where methane oxidation occurs.
Ambiguity function analysis of the Inmarsat I-4 and Iridium signals (2017)

Communication satellites systems, such as Inmarsat-4 and Iridium are potential candidates to be used as illuminators of opportunity (IoOs) for passive radar detection and remote sensing. These satellites provide global (Iridium) or near global coverage with exception of polar area (Inmarsat) and hence could be used on entire surface of the earth in contrast to a more commonly investigated passive radar based on terrestrial IoOs, such as DVB-T, DAB, FM etc. broadcasting transmitters. This paper presents analysis of the ambiguity functions of the communication satellite signals, based on analytical study and computer simulation. The potential range and Doppler resolutions of these waveforms are shown and the waveforms' applicability for targets detection and tracking are demonstrated.
MEMS‐based Air Turbine with Radial‐inflow Type Journal Bearing (2008)

Abstract A microelectromechanical‐systems (MEMS)‐based air turbine with a new bearing system was designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The bearing system uses a radial‐inflow type journal bearing and a single‐sided hydroinertia thrust bearing. To fabricate the radial‐inflow type journal bearing, cavity‐through deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) in conjunction with silicon‐to‐silicon direct bonding was used. Two etched silicon substrates were directly bonded, and then the bonded silicon substrates were etched by DRIE through the inside cavities. A maximum rotation speed of 95 000 rpm was achieved. The measured and calculated frequency responses of the rotor‐bearing system suggest that the maximum rotation speed was probably limited by the pitching mode resonance. © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
T cell mediated immunity after combination therapy with intralesional PV-10 and blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in a murine melanoma model (2018)

Intralesional (IL) injection of Rose Bengal (PV-10) induces regression of injected and uninjected lesions in several murine tumor models. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor response of combining IL PV-10 with blockade of the PD-1 / PD-L1 pathway and the role of immune cell populations in eliciting this response. To investigate the role of T cell subsets in mediating an immune response, B16 or M05 melanoma-bearing mice received combination therapy as well as CD8+, CD4+, or CD25+ depleting antibodies. Tumor growth was measured. T cells were collected from spleens or tumors, and phenotype, activation markers, and reactivity were measured. Splenocytes from mice treated with combination therapy had increased OVA antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in M05-tumor-bearing mice. Depletion of CD4+ T cells or regulatory T cells (Tregs) in combination with IL PV-10 and anti-PD-1 antibody treatment resulted in an enhanced anti-tumor effect. Treatment with CD8+ depleting antibody abrogated anti-tumor immunity. These results support a clinical study for the safety and anti-tumor immune responses with combination therapy of IL PV-10 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
Optical sensor system for peripheral vascular diagnostics of the patients based on pulse spectroscopy method (2011)

Non-invasive continuous real-time assessment of patient conditions for the diagnostic purposes is a target of the state-of-the-art clinical monitoring technology. Such a surveillance system for the peripheral vascular diagnostics was designed during current research by combining the pulse spectroscopy and advanced signal processing. Analysis of the rhythmic activities in blood circulation reveals a state of the cardiovascular control mechanisms. Considering that the photo-plethysmographic (PPG) waveform is a pressure-induced signal, the correlation between the pulse features with pressure-resistance characteristics of the vessels was derived. By means of the pulse-contour-analysis (PCA) specific amplitudes, systolic slope, dicrotic transit time etc. can be extracted. It was found that the power spectra of the wavelet spectrograms expose significant diagnostic information about the cardiovascular control mechanisms of the microcirculation.
Search for the pair production of light top squarks in the e±μ∓ final state in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2019)

A bstract A search for the production of a pair of top squarks at the LHC is presented. This search targets a region of parameter space where the kinematics of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar, because of the mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino being close to the top quark mass. The search is performed with 35.9 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV, collected by the CMS detector in 2016, using events containing one electron-muon pair with opposite charge. The search is based on a precise estimate of the top quark pair background, and the use of the M T2 variable, which combines the transverse mass of each lepton and the missing transverse momentum. No excess of events is found over the standard model predictions. Exclusion limits are placed at 95% confidence level on the production of top squarks up to masses of 208 GeV for models with a mass difference between the top squark and the lightest neutralino close to that of the top quark.
Preparation and Characterization of CdS and ZnS Particles in Nanophase Reactors Provided by Binary Liquids Adsorbed at Colloidal Silica Particles (1996)

Determinations of adsorption excess isotherms of silica particle dispersions in ethanol−cyclohexane and in methanol−cyclohexane binary mixtures have established the formation of 0.5−5.0 nm thick alcohol rich adsorption layers at the silica particle interface. The adsorption layers on silica particles, formed in methanol−cyclohexane = 0.01:99.99 (mol/mol) and ethanol−cyclohexane = 0.05:99.95 (mol/mol), were used as nanophase reactors for the in situ generation of size-quantized CdS and ZnS particles. The semiconductor particles were generated by the addition of H2S to silica particle dispersions which contained different concentrations of Cd2+ or Zn2+. The smallest semiconductor particles were generated in dispersions which contained the least amount of precursors. Absorption spectrophotometry, small-angle X-ray scattering, rheological, and calorimetric measurements were used to characterize the dispersions. The presence of semiconductor particles increased the viscosities and decreased the immersion wetting enthalpies of the silica dispersions, indicating strong interparticle interactions.
Supplementary Table 1 from Molecular Basis for the Induction of an Angiogenesis Inhibitor, Thrombospondin-1, by 5-Fluorouracil (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Molecular Basis for the Induction of an Angiogenesis Inhibitor, Thrombospondin-1, by 5-Fluorouracil
Tool Deflection Control by a Sensory Spindle Slide for Milling Machine Tools (2017)

A conventional spindle slide of a milling center is enhanced to a force "feeling" component for process monitoring and control tasks. The feeling ability is realized by integrating strain gauges in notches machined into the structure. This force sensing allows the identification of the static tool stiffness and enables the online detection of the tool deflection during milling processes. Based on a communication via PROFIBUS between the monitoring system and the machine control, the tool deflection is controlled online in the milling center by adjusting the axis feed. The approach shows considerable improvement regarding surface accuracies. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The Efficacy of the Quorum Sensing Inhibitor FS8 and Tigecycline in Preventing Prosthesis Biofilm in an Animal Model of Staphylococcal Infection (2013)

We investigated the efficacy of tigecycline and FS8, alone or combined, in preventing prosthesis biofilm in a rat model of staphylococcal vascular graft infection. Graft infections were established in the back subcutaneous tissue of adult male Wistar rats by implantation of Dacron prostheses followed by topical inoculation with 2 x 107 colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus, strain Smith diffuse. The study included a control group, a contaminated group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, and three contaminated groups that received: (i) intraperitoneal tigecycline, (ii) FS8-soaked graft, and (iii) tigecycline plus FS8-soaked graft, respectively. Each group included 15 animals. The infection burden was evaluated by using sonication and quantitative agar culture. Moreover, an in vitro binding-study was performed to quantify the how much FS8 was coated to the surface of the prosthesis. Tigecycline, combined with FS8, against the adherent bacteria showed MICs (2.00 mg/L) and MBCs (4.00 mg/L) four-fold lower with respect to tigecycline alone in in vitro studies. The rat groups treated with tigecycline showed the lowest bacterial numbers (4.4 x 104 ± 1.2 x 104 CFU/mL). The FS8-treated group showed a good activity and significant differences compared to control group with bacterial numbers of 6.8 x 104 ± 2.0 x 104 CFU/mL. A stronger inhibition of bacterial growth was observed in rats treated with a combined FS8 and tigecycline therapy than in those that were singly treated with bacterial numbers of 101 CFU/mL graft. In conclusion, the ability to affect biofilm formation as well, its property to be an antibiotic enhancer suggests FS8 as alternative or additional agent to use in conjunction with conventional antimicrobial for prevention of staphylococcal biofilm related infection.
Abstract 4630: Seminal AMACR protein: a non-invasive test in the detection of prostate cancer (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Current prostate cancer screening relies on the PSA test and the digital rectum rectal examination (DRE), which have relatively low specificity. A more specific marker is in need for prostate cancer screening and risk stratification could reduce the burden of unnecessary biopsies. AMACR, has been proven to be an excellent tissue marker for prostate caner, could be an attractive candidate, but. Soso far, serum the detection of AMACR detection in serum has been unsuccessfuldifficult. This study explored the detection of AMACR protein in semen ejaculate and its potential as a non-invasive test in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Methods: Semen ejaculates were analyzed from 23 prostate cancer (biopsy proven) patients, 21 of which had prostatectomy, as well as 15 age-comparable controls (&amp;gt;50y, PSA&amp;lt;2 ng/mL, assumed prostate cancer free). An indirect sandwich ELISA chemiluminescence assay was used to test semen AMACR protein. Tissue AMACR protein was also quantified in 13 corresponding prostatectomy specimens using automated quantitative analysis (AQUATM). Results: AMACR was detected in 19 of 23 (83%) semen ejaculates of prostate cancer patients. Among the other 4 patients with undetectable semen AMACR, one had no residual tumor in the prostatectomy specimen (#40), one had Gleason score of 9 cancer (#37) with no detectable tissue AMACR either, while the other two remaining patients (#31 and #33) had a very small volume of cancer on two separate sextant biopsies biopsy sets and are on watchful waiting list. AMACR was also detected in 7 of 15 (47%) control group. Using 100 ng/mL as a cutoff value, semen AMACR protein was positive in 16 of 23 (70%) cancer patients who had underwent prostatectomy and in 5 of 15 (33%) age-comparable controls. Conclusions: This has been the first study first to demonstrated that AMACR protein is detectable in semen ejaculate. A high semen AMACR detection rate in cancer patients suggested suggests that semen AMACR may be useful, supplemental, as a non-invasive test in addition toto the PSA test for detecting prostate cancer, especially cancer of significant volume. Questions regarding specificity of AMACR are, however, raised. Given the lack of prostate biopsy confirmation, The the age-comparable controls in this study may not be an entirely representative sample of men free of prostate cancer without confirmation by prostate biopsy. This Our study's findings will form the basis for the design of a larger finding need to be further validated in a larger prospective screening trial of AMACR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4630.
&lt;title&gt;Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers: physics and applications&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers was studied both as a spectroscopic tool for probing semiconductor dynamics and as a wavelength conversion technique. Four-wave mixing spectra were measured at detuning frequencies ranging from GHz to THz rates and ultrasfast intraband mechanisms having relaxation time constants of 650 fs and less than 100 fs were revealed in the measurements. Cross-polarization four-wave mixing was also measured to study the inter quantum-well carrier transport process in quantum-well amplifiers. In addition, broadband wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers was investigated. Results concerning the conversion efficiency over spans up to 65 nm, as well as a demonstration of wavelength conversion with gain are presented. The issue of converted signal-to-background noise in this process is also addressed.
Implementing Cryptography for Packet Level Authentication. (2008)

Abstract—Packet Level Authentication (PLA) is a novel countermeasure against distributed denial-of-service attacks. Each packet sent across a network has a digital signature and public key attached to it, allowing each hop along the route to verify the authenticity of packets. This requires high-speed elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to improve throughput. In this paper, we present a software solution of cryptography for PLA using the combination of Koblitz curves to increase throughput and implicit certificates to decrease storage and computation overhead. A software implementation is presented, built on OpenSSL libraries and extending the OpenSSL API to support not only fast ECC using Koblitz curves, but implicit certificates and fast signature verifications using implicit certificates as well. Software implementation results of these API extensions are provided, yielding significant speedup of elliptic curve operations. Index Terms—Elliptic curve cryptography, Koblitz curves, digital signatures, implicit certificates.