gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased Muscle Speed, Strength and Fatigability Following two Hours of Tourniquet-Induced Ischaemia (1992)

Contractile and morphological properties of the rabbit tibialis anterior muscle were measured 48 hours following a two-hour ischaemic episode. Ischaemia was induced using a specially-designed pneumatic tourniquet placed on the rabbit thigh. Maximum tetanic tension of muscle subjected to ischaemia (381 +/- 77 g) was only about 30% of the tension generated by control muscles (1,212 +/- 67 g). The rate of rise of tetanic tension of muscles subjected to ischaemia (15.9 +/- 3 g/ms) was only 33% of control values (44.5 +/- 5.9 g/ms). Muscle fatigue index increased significantly from 0.22 +/- 0.7 in control muscles to 0.55 +/- 0.09 in ischaemic muscles suggesting that muscles subjected to ischaemia had a greater endurance capacity than control muscles. Morphologically, focal necrotic regions and inflammatory cells were observed in ischaemic muscle fibers. Taken together, these data are consistent with selective damage to the fast glycolytic muscle fibers within the ischaemic tibialis anterior muscles. Thus, ischaemia results in overall decreased muscle speed, strength and fatigability.
Coordinated Transportation by Two Nonholonomic Mobile Robots based on Decentralized Control. (1999)

In this paper, we propose a decentralized control alogorithm for transporting a single object by two nonholonomic mobile robots. We extend the leader-follower type control algorithm, which we proposed for the holonomic robots(10), to the nonholonomic mobile robots by introducing the dual caster action. The proposed control algorithm is experimentally applied to two nonholonomic mobile robots, and the experimental results illustrate the validity of the extended control algorithm.
47-year-old woman with six-week history of lower extremity weakness and eosinophilia. (1992)

This discussion was selected from the Department of Medicine Morbidity and Mortality Conference held at the Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, on January 9, 1991. The editor of the conference is Philip C. Lee, MD, Chief Resident, Department of Medicine.
Preparation and Electrical Characterization of CeO<sub>2</sub>Films for Gate Dielectrics Application: Comparative Study of Chemical Vapor Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition Processes (2011)

We report on the preparation of CeO 2 films by two different processes: chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by the thermal decomposition of Ce(Mp) 4 and atomic layer deposition (ALD) by the hydrolysis of Ce(EtCp) 3 and Ce( i PrCp) 3 . CVD at 350 °C produced polycrystalline cubic CeO 2 films with good thickness uniformity. For both CVD and ALD processes, the metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors subjected to 500 °C annealing showed capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) characteristics with small hystereses (&lt;1 mV) and flatband voltage shifts (&lt;0.1 V). The frequency dispersion of the C – V curves, which is ascribed to the dielectric relaxation of CeO 2 , correlated with the crystallinities of the CVD and ALD films.
An N-Linked Glycan Modulates the Interaction between the CD1d Heavy Chain and β2-Microglobulin (2006)

Human CD1d molecules consist of a transmembrane CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) heavy chain in association with beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m). Assembly occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and involves the initial glycan-dependent association of the free heavy chain with calreticulin and calnexin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Folding and disulfide bond formation within the heavy chain occurs prior to beta(2)m binding. There are four N-linked glycans on the CD1d heavy chain, and we mutated them individually to ascertain their importance for the assembly and function of CD1d-beta(2)m heterodimers. None of the four were indispensable for assembly or the ability to bind alpha-galactosyl ceramide and to present it to human NKT cells. Nor were any required for the CD1d molecule to bind and present alpha-galactosyl ceramide after lysosomal processing of a precursor lipid, galactosyl-(alpha1-2)-galactosyl ceramide. However, one glycan, glycan 2 at Asn-42, proved to be of particular importance for the stability of the CD1d-beta(2)m heterodimer. A mutant CD1d heavy chain lacking glycan 2 assembled with beta(2)m and transported from the ER more rapidly than wild-type CD1d and dissociated more readily from beta(2)m upon exposure to detergents. A mutant expressing only glycan 1 dissociated completely from beta(2)m upon exposure to the detergent Triton X-100, whereas a mutant expressing only glycan 2 at Asn-42 was more stable. In addition, glycan 2 was not processed efficiently to the complex form in mature wild-type CD1d molecules. Modeling the glycans on the published structure indicated that glycan 2 interacts significantly with both the CD1d heavy chain and beta(2)m, which may explain these unusual properties.
STAT1 inhibits T‐cell exhaustion and myeloid derived suppressor cell accumulation to promote antitumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2019)

Cancers of the oral cavity remain the sixth most diagnosed cancer worldwide, with high rates of recurrence and mortality. We determined the role of STAT1 during oral carcinogenesis using two orthotopic models in mice genetically deficient for Stat1. Metastatic (LY2) and nonmetastatic (B4B8) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines were injected into the oral cavity of Stat1 deficient (Stat1<sup>-/-</sup> ) and Stat1 competent (Stat1<sup>+/+</sup> ) mice. Stat1<sup>-/-</sup> mice displayed increased tumor growth and metastasis compared to Stat1<sup>+/+</sup> mice. Mechanistically, Stat1<sup>-/-</sup> mice displayed impaired CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell expansion compared to Stat1<sup>+/+</sup> mice. This was associated with enhanced T-cell exhaustion, and severely attenuated T-cell antitumor effector responses including reduced expression of IFN-γ and perforin at the tumor site. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production by T cells in tumor-bearing mice was suppressed by Stat1 deficiency. This deficiency in T-cell expansion and functional responses in mice was linked to PD-1 and CD69 overexpression in T cells of Stat1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. In contrast, we observed increased accumulation of CD11b+ Ly6G+ myeloid derived suppressor cells in tumors, draining lymph nodes, spleens and bone marrow of tumor-bearing Stat1<sup>-/-</sup> mice, resulting in a protumorigenic microenvironment. Our data demonstrates that STAT1 is an essential mediator of the antitumor response through inhibition of myeloid derived suppressor cell accumulation and promotion of T-cell mediated immune responses in murine head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Selective induction of STAT1 phosphorylation in HNSCC patients could potentially improve oral tumor outcomes and response to therapy.
A Long‐Life Battery‐Type Electrochromic Window with Remarkable Energy Storage Ability (2020)

Battery-Type Smart Windows In article number 1900425, Litao Kang and co-workers design a Zn2+ battery-type smart window with a Zn anode, Prussian blue cathode, and K+/Zn2+ dual-cation electrolyte. This design successfully combines electrochromic and energy storage functions into one device, and remarkably increases the device's output voltage and lifetime, while maintaining the excellent electrochromic performance.
Supplemental Figure 3 from Clinical Dosing Regimen of Selinexor Maintains Normal Immune Homeostasis and T-cell Effector Function in Mice: Implications for Combination with Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3: Degranulation of effector CD8 T cells is affected by selinexor.&lt;/p&gt;
Recycling of Liquid Crystal Displays for Maximum Resource Recovery (2014)

Hundreds of millions of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) will reach their end of life in the next few years, and most of them have cold cathode fluorescent lamps as the backlights. The backlight lamps contain mercury, which makes shredding the entire unit cost prohibitive since special facilities are needed to avoid mercury release. The mercury containing lamps are located deep in the display panel, and enclosed in the metal frame. This slows down the dismantling process. Currently in the U.S. recyclers are lacking suitable equipment and tools that can speed up the recycling process to make it more profitable. To address this challenge, a research team at Purdue University has developed a four-step procedure for LCD monitor disassembling: 1) case opening, 2) circuit boards detaching, 3) backlight unit and screen assembly separating, and 4) liquid crystal removal and collecting. Appropriate tools for these steps have been designed and fabricated. All the tools can be readily built using low-cost tools available on the market. Using the tools developed the team was able to limit the total disassembling time to less than 4 minutes. Under current market conditions and commodity prices an average LCD monitor with a screen size of 14-18 inches, which represent more than 90% of LCD monitors collected has a breakeven disassembling time in the range of 3 to 5 minutes for a small to medium size e-waste recycler. To maximize recycler profit and resource efficiency, it is recommended that future efforts be focused on: 1) tool optimization for shorter disassembling time; 2) tool durability testing and improvement; 3) system integration; and 4) identifying niche applications of components and materials recovered. In theory similar procedure can be developed for LCD TVs. However, the backlights in LCD TVs are usually less protected and more fragile, which brings addition challenges to the recycling process.
Resistance-Associated Loss of Viral Fitness in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Phenotypic Analysis of Protease and <i>gag</i> Coevolution in Protease Inhibitor-Treated Patients (1998)

We have studied the phenotypic impact of adaptative Gag cleavage site mutations in patient-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants having developed resistance to the protease inhibitor ritonavir or saquinavir. We found that Gag mutations occurred in a minority of resistant viruses, regardless of the duration of the treatment and of the protease mutation profile. Gag mutations exerted only a partial corrective effect on resistance-associated loss of viral fitness. Reconstructed viruses with resistant proteases displayed multiple Gag cleavage defects, and in spite of Gag adaptation, several of these defects remained, explaining the limited corrective effect of cleavage site mutations on fitness. Our data provide clear evidence of the interplay between resistance and fitness in HIV-1 evolution in patients treated with protease inhibitors.
Extension of Transmitter Bandwidth Using Optical Time-Interleaving Modulator and Digital Spectral Weaver (2020)

We demonstrate a technology to extend the bandwidth of optical transmitters based on optical time interleaving. An optical time-interleaving in-phase-and-quadrature (IQ) modulator (TI-IQM), which consists of a 1-to-2 optical selector followed by two IQMs, generates optical signals with a bandwidth of each side of the optical carrier that is up to twice that of the electronic sub-signals sent to the IQMs. The sub-signals are generated by a digital spectral weaver followed by digital-to-analog converters and tailored so that the targeted extended-bandwidth signal is obtained as the final optical output from the TI-IQM. We verified the concept in a transmission experiment with 150-GBaud 4, 8, and 16-level quadrature amplitude modulation. We successfully generated optical signals with a bandwidth of each side of optical carrier of around 76 GHz, which is almost twice that of the electronic sub-signals.
Influence of endogenous cortisol on eosinophil function in sensitized pigs: direct measurements of eosinophil peroxidase (1996)

It is concluded that, after allergen challenge in the lower airways of metyrapone-treated pigs, newly recruited eosinophils infiltrate lung tissue specifically. Furthermore, a cortisol-sensitive release of the eosinophil-derived cationic protein EPO, into the bronchial lumen was established. This is, to our knowledge, the first description of direct measurements of the release of an eosinophil granule protein in a large animal model of allergy.
Intermittent coronary sinus occlusion after coronary arterial ligation results in venous retroperfusion. (1989)

Coronary sinus occlusion retards necrosis of ischemic myocardium. To test the hypothesis that coronary sinus occlusion induces retrograde venoarterial flow, the coronary arteriovenous pressure gradient and the coronary arterial oxygen saturation were measured distal to a left anterior descending coronary artery ligature in dogs. In parallel, we constructed a mathematical model of known coronary physiology to characterize pressure and flow patterns during coronary sinus occlusion. In dogs, coronary sinus occlusion produced a systolic pressure gradient between the coronary artery and the coronary sinus of -20 +/- 9 mm Hg (higher venous pressure, p less than 0.0001) and a positive diastolic gradient of 3 +/- 5 mm Hg (lower venous pressure p less than 0.01). An average reduction in the oxygen saturation in the ligated coronary artery of 20 +/- 13% was also observed (p less than 0.005) consequent to admixture of venous (desaturated) blood. By graded inflation of the coronary sinus balloon, it was demonstrated that desaturation of arterial blood typically occurs above a coronary sinus systolic pressure of 40-50 mm Hg. The mathematical model indicates the possibility of venoarterial pressure gradients and reversal of flow at the microcirculatory level during coronary sinus occlusion. These studies provide evidence that retrograde flow into the ischemic zone occurs in association with intermittent coronary sinus occlusion. Thus, alternating flow over the ischemic territory may be the mechanism of myocardial salvage during intermittent coronary sinus occlusion.
A Biophysico-Computational Perspective of Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Treatment Response (2007)

Abstract : Apoptosis regulates the pathogenesis and treatment responsiveness of breast tumors yet the molecular mechanisms whereby breast cancer cells resist apoptosis remains unknown. We found that coincident with malignant transformation and in association with an increase in collagen deposition, cross-linking and reorganization, the mammary gland becomes incrementally stiffer and that the elastic modulus of the tissues to which breast tumor cells characteristically metastasize varies widely. We used natural collagen and basement membrane (BM) hydrogels as well as synthetic laminin and BM-cross linked polyacrylamide gels with precisely calibrated compliances, and could show that elevated matrix stiffness independently induce mammary cell proliferation, perturb cell-cell integrity, disrupt tissue polarity, and inhibit apoptosis-dependent lumen formation to disrupt mammary tissue morphogenesis% When we varied matrix force within the range we measured for the various metastatic and transformed tissues, we could modify the activity of several key stress response pathways previously linked to apoptosis regulation% Matrix mediated stress pathway regulation profoundly influenced the apoptosis responsiveness of mammary tissue to a diverse array of exogenous death stimuli including chemotherapeutics such as taxol, immune receptor activators including trail and gamma irradiation Towards delineating a molecular mechanism we were able to demonstrate that matrix stiffness increases the expression and activation of integrins, drives the assembly of mature focal adhesions, and increases Rho GTPase-dependent intracellular contractility. Experiments are now in progress to further explore these findings using novel biomaterials and imaging modalities and organotypic culture manipulations.
RANCANG BANGUN ANTENA MONOFILAR AXIAL-MODE HELICAL PADA BAND UHF TV (300-800 MHz) (2011)

Antena menjadi piranti transmisi penting dalam sistem penerima televisi, karena tidak dimungkinkan lagi kabel
sebagai saluran transmisinya yang dibatasi oleh jarak. Antena televisi yang ada di pasar sekarang ini sudah banyak ragam
jenis dan tipenya. Namun belum ada antena penerima televisi jenis helix yang beredar. Oleh karena itu muncul gagasan
untuk merancang bangun antena penerima televisi jenis Helix dengan frekuensi kerja pada band UHF TV (300 MHz – 800
MHz). Sehingga dengan adanya antena Helix, diharapkan dapat menambah daftar jenis antena televisi di pasar.
Perancangan bentuk dan ukuran merupakan langkah awal pada Tugas Akhir ini. Setelah bentuk dan ukuran
ditentukan, langkah kedua yaitu pembuatan antena helix. Langkah selanjutnya adalah pengujian terhadap beberapa
parameter penting, diantaranya frekuensi, VSWR, pola radiasi, HPBW dan FNBW, serta diujikan pada televisi. Pengujian
juga dilakukan terhadap antena yang sudah beredar di pasar, dengan tujuan sebagai pembanding.
Dari hasil pengujian, antena Helix beresonansi pada frekuensi 500 MHz, sedangkan frekuensi resonansi yang
diharapkan yaitu 550 MHz. Pada pengujian VSWR diperoleh nilai sebesar 1,2. Pola radiasi antena helix berbentuk
lonjong dengan HPBW sebesar 67° dan FNBW sebesar 155°. Untuk hasil pengujian pada televisi, antena helix memiliki
kualitas penerimaan sinyal dari seluruh stasiun TV yang baik.
Kata kunci : UHF, Televisi, Helix, penerima.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications with Urban Intersection Path Loss Models (2016)

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication can improve road safety and traffic efficiency, particularly around critical areas such as intersections. We analytically derive V2V success probability near an urban intersection, based on empirically supported line-of-sight (LOS), weak-line-of-sight (WLOS), and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel models. The analysis can serve as a preliminary design tool for performance assessment over different system parameters and target performance requirements.
An In Vivo Method for Measuring Turbulence in Mechanical Prosthesis Leakage Jets (2004)

This work introduces a method for the in vivo measurement and analysis of turbulence within the leakage of a mechanical heart valve. Several analysis techniques were applied to ultrasound measurements acquired within the atrium of a pig, and error associated with these techniques was analyzed. The technique chosen applies cyclic averaging to mean and maximum velocity measurements within small, normalized phase windows to calculate Reynolds normal stresses in the direction of the ultrasound beam. Maximum shear stresses are estimated from these normal stresses using an analytical technique. The stresses observed were smaller than those reported from previous in vitro simulations.
Supplemental Table S1-4 and Supplemental Figure S1-S7 from Quantitative Analysis of Immune Infiltrates in Primary Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1: Flow chart for database Supplemental Figure 2: Representation of Tissue segmentation Supplemental Figure 3: Representation of Cell Segmentation Supplemental Figure 4: Representation of Phenotyping Supplemental Figure 5: Representation of Scoring Supplemental Figure 6: Supplementary Distance and Survival Data Supplementary ROC Curve and Univariable Cox results Supplemental Figure S7: ROC curve for 2y and 5y DSS&lt;/p&gt;
Rheumatologic Medication Use During Pregnancy (2020)

Chronic rheumatic diseases often occur in women of reproductive age, and the effect rheumatic disease has on pregnancy varies depending on the condition. Medical management of rheumatic diseases during pregnancy may prevent joint or organ damage and minimize the adverse effects of the disease itself on pregnancy outcomes. Each patient requires individual assessment to control disease activity while minimizing or avoiding medications with potential maternal or fetal toxicity. An open discussion with shared decision making between patients, obstetricians, rheumatologists, and pharmacists is imperative to create an individualized treatment plan that meets patients' goals. This article will review the current literature for use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologics during pregnancy and lactation, providing health care professionals with the most up-to-date information available.
Methods for Computing Limits of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Review of Logarithms Some Basic Limits Evaluation of Limits Based on the Standard Limit
ChemInform Abstract: Practical β‐Masked Formylation and Acetylation of Electron‐Deficient Olefins Utilizing Tetra(n‐butyl)ammonium Peroxydisulfate. (2011)

Abstract Regioselective addition of 1,3‐dioxolanes (I) and (VI) to electron‐deficient olefins provides products (III) and (V) as formylation equivalents and compounds (VII) and (VIII) as acetylation equivalents.
Side Reactions of Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization: N−O versus O−C Cleavage of Alkoxyamines (2010)

Free energies for the homolysis of the NO-C and N-OC bonds were compared for a large number of alkoxyamines at 298 and 393 K, both in the gas phase and in toluene solution. On this basis, the scope of the N-OC homolysis side reaction in nitroxide-mediated polymerization was determined. It was found that the free energies of NO-C and N-OC homolysis are not correlated, with NO-C homolysis being more dependent upon the properties of the alkyl fragment and N-OC homolysis being more dependent upon the structure of the aminyl fragment. Acyclic alkoxyamines and those bearing the indoline functionality have lower free energies of N-OC homolysis than other cyclic alkoxyamines, with the five-membered pyrrolidine and isoindoline derivatives showing lower free energies than the six-membered piperidine derivatives. For most nitroxides, N-OC homolysis is normally favored above NO-C homolysis only when a heteroatom that is α to the NOC carbon center stabilizes the NO-C bond and/or the released alkyl radical is not sufficiently stabilized. As part of this work, accurate methods for the calculation of free energies for the homolysis of alkoxyamines were determined. Accurate thermodynamic parameters to within 4.5 kJ mol(-1) of experimental values were found using an ONIOM approximation to G3(MP2)-RAD combined with PCM solvation energies at the B3-LYP/6-31G(d) level.
How Much Trouble is Early Foul Trouble? Strategically Idling Resources in the NBA (2012)

Abstract We analyze a large and comprehensive play-by-play dataset of professional games in the National Basketball Association using tools from financial economics to explore the optimality of strategically idling resources in the face of uncertain future demand. We find that starters ought to be idled by the coach on a “Q+1” basis, meaning that a starter has one more foul than the current quarter, when the future option value is high or the value of the replacement player is high. We use a novel win-probability approach that can be easily extended to other applications.
Corrosion mitigation coatings for RF sources and components (2016)

Most all high power RF sources and components require liquid cooling, usually high purity water. Copper and associated braze alloys are susceptible to corrosion if the water contains impurities or modest levels of oxygen. Unfortunately, high purity water is not readily available in many locations, including developing countries, remote sites, and naval vessels. The U.S. Navy is funding development of protective coatings to reduce or eliminate corrosion in copper coolant channels in RF sources and solenoids. This presentation will describe procedures for applying corrosion mitigation coatings in RF sources and associated components and equipment.