gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carotenoid availability affects the development of a colour-based mate preference and the sensory bias to which it is genetically linked (2005)

Regardless of their origins, mate preferences should, in theory, be shaped by their benefits in a mating context. Here we show that the female preference for carotenoid colouration in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) exhibits a phenotypically plastic response to carotenoid availability, confirming a key prediction of sexual selection theory. Earlier work indicated that this mate preference is genetically linked to, and may be derived from, a sensory bias that occurs in both sexes: attraction to orange objects. The original function of this sensory bias is unknown, but it may help guppies find orange-coloured fruits in the rainforest streams of Trinidad. We show that the sensory bias also exhibits a phenotypically plastic response to carotenoid availability, but only in females. The sex-specificity of this reaction norm argues against the hypothesis that it evolved in a foraging context. We infer instead that the sensory bias has been modified as a correlated effect of selection on the mate preference. These results provide a new type of support for the hypothesis that mate preferences for sexual characters evolve in response to the benefits of mate choice--the alternatives being that such preferences evolve entirely in a non-mating context or in response to the costs of mating.
Optical-Mechanical Signatures of Cancer Cells Measured by Interferometry (2012)

We used interferometric microscopy to uniquely measure live cancer cell fluctuations, in a noncontact, label-free manner, and showed that cancer cells fluctuate more than similar but healthy cells, demonstrating the method potential for cancer diagnosis.
A Graph-theoretic Framework for Electric Power Distribution System Service Restoration (2018)

Distribution system restoration (DSR) aims at restoring the service after a fault to the maximum number of customers while ensuring the satisfaction of critical system operating constraints. DSR is essentially a system reconfiguration approach that entails determining a combination of open and closed switches to obtain a new radial network topology that optimizes certain performance criteria related to service restoration. Given the combinatorial nature of the associated search problem, the existing literature either use heuristic methods or present non-linear mixed integer models for DSR, both computationally intensive for a large distribution system. This paper presents a graph-theoretic distribution system restoration strategy that maximizes the restored load by formulating the restoration problem as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) while incorporating critical system connectivity and operating constraints. The novelty lies in variable selection and transformation that help incorporate integer decision variable with the continuous power flow variables. Simulation results presented using IEEE-37 node distribution system and a 1069-node multi-feeder test case demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Low-Loss Microstrip Transmission Line Fabricated with Improved Liftoff Process (2019)

The µ-Spec integrated spectrometer operating at ~500 GHz, employs thin film superconducting Nb microstrip transmission lines deposited directly on a thin (450 nm) single-crystal silicon dielectric. This single-crystal silicon layer is chosen as the dielectric layer due to its low intrinsic loss, with the goal of achieving both high- efficiency and precise phase control in a compact spectrometer architecture. To avoid roughening or etching through the thin single-crystal silicon dielectric a liftoff technique was developed for patterning these microstrip transmission lines and ground plane structures. This two- layer liftoff process was designed for use with sputter deposition and resulted in a US patent. Although this original technique provided precise control of linewidth, results of initial prototype spectrometer devices and separate diagnostic co-planer waveguide resonator devices showed that unexpected loss was being introduced due to the lift-off process. This extra loss was believed to be due to the “tails” (thin tapered regions) at the edge of the metal traces resulting from the sputtering process, as well as an amorphous oxide layer at the Nb-Si interface. We have since demonstrated an improved lift-off technique, which provides a clean metal-Si interface and removes the loss-inducing tails by a two-step selective etching method. This results in a decrease in microwave loss by more than an order of magnitude when measured in co-planar waveguide microwave resonator structures. We present these microwave test results and also SEM and TEM images of the microstrip interfaces and edge profiles before and after application of the improved process.
Impurity Effect on the Two-Dimensional-Electron Fluid-Solid Transition in Zero Field (1995)

We investigate the effect of impurities on the electron fluid-solid transition with parameters appropriate for the system recently studied by Pudalov et al. The nature of the crystalline state at $T=0$ in the presence of impurities is studied with the relaxation technique. The solid-fluid transition is studied via perturbation calculation and Monte Carlo simulation. The transition density is found to shift from ${r}_{s}\ensuremath{\approx}37$ for the pure system to ${r}_{s}\ensuremath{\approx}7.5$, close to that observed experimentally. At this small value of ${r}_{s}$, the fluid energy is sensitive to the spin polarization but the solid is not, suggesting possible interesting magnetic behavior.
Proteus (2017)

Many shared computing clusters allow users to utilize excess idle resources at lower cost or priority, with the proviso that some or all may be taken away at any time. But, exploiting such dynamic resource availability and the often fluctuating markets for them requires agile elasticity and effective acquisition strategies. Proteus aggressively exploits such transient revocable resources to do machine learning (ML) cheaper and/or faster. Its parameter server framework, AgileML, efficiently adapts to bulk additions and revocations of transient machines, through a novel 3-stage active-backup approach, with minimal use of more costly non-transient resources. Its BidBrain component adaptively allocates resources from multiple EC2 spot markets to minimize average cost per work as transient resource availability and cost change over time. Our evaluations show that Proteus reduces cost by 85% relative to non-transient pricing, and by 43% relative to previous approaches, while simultaneously reducing runtimes by up to 37%.
Anticancer Role of PPAR<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>Agonists in Hematological Malignancies Found in the Vasculature, Marrow, and Eyes (2010)

The use of targeted cancer therapies in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation treatment has increased overall survival of cancer patients. However, longer survival is accompanied by increased incidence of comorbidities due, in part, to drug side effects and toxicities. It is well accepted that inflammation and tumorigenesis are linked. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists are potent mediators of anti-inflammatory responses, it was a logical extension to examine the role of PPARgamma agonists in the treatment and prevention of cancer. This paper has two objectives: first to highlight the potential uses for PPARgamma agonists in anticancer therapy with special emphasis on their role when used as adjuvant or combined therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies found in the vasculature, marrow, and eyes, and second, to review the potential role PPARgamma and/or its ligands may have in modulating cancer-associated angiogenesis and tumor-stromal microenvironment crosstalk in bone marrow.
Adsorption Properties of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide in Prussian Blue Analogues M<sub>3</sub>[Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>2</sub>, M = Co, Zn (2006)

H2 and CO2 adsorption were studied in dehydrated Prussian blue analogues M3[Co(CN)6]2 (M = Co, Zn) using volumetric isotherm measurements. Both materials adsorbed 1.2−1.3 wt % of H2 at 77 K and 760 Torr with isosteric heats of adsorption ranging from 5.9 to 6.8 kJ/mol. High-pressure H2 isotherms at 77 K showed that Co3[Co(CN)6]2 started to saturate well above 6 atm with a saturation coverage of ∼1.9 wt %. These materials adsorbed approximately 17.6−19.7 wt % of CO2 at 253 K and 760 Torr with isosteric heats of adsorption of ∼25−28 kJ/mol. The CO2 saturation coverages from high-pressure isotherms at 263 K and 15 atm were ∼27.4−29.0 wt %. The displacement of CO2 by H2 in these compounds was investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR experiments showed that CO2 physisorption at cryogenic temperatures produced an infrared peak at 2335 cm-1. Co-adsorption experiments revealed that H2 was able to displace preadsorbed CO2 if the PH2/PCO2 ratio was well above 100. The infrared results from the co-adsorption experiments also showed that H2 and CO2 competed for adsorption in the same pores under these conditions.
A Numerical Investigation on Ingested Water Separation in Modern Turbofan Engines (2014)

Liquid water in the airflow can adversely affect the engine performance and operability. During rainy conditions, the fan module is the first component which is affected by the ingested water. The water droplets collide with the spinner as well as the fan blades and splash, spread or rebound. Due to the droplet-wall-collisions, the initial droplets breakup into smaller secondary droplets that will tend to follow the airflow. The fan rotation and droplet-wall-collisions lead to a redistribution of the amount of water in the core and in the bypass stream. In order to account for the phenomena mentioned above, a numerical approach is proposed to estimate the amount of water and its properties as it enters the core. This paper presents a two phase modelling strategy via the Lagrangian frame of reference. The flow-field solver is coupled with a droplet tracking model and breakup model. In the first step, the two phase model is introduced. In the next step, the behaviour of different droplet sizes in a generic fan geometry is examined. In addition, the effect of different water-air-ratios, initial droplet diameters and fan rotational speeds on the distribution of water between the bypass and the core has been investigated. Moreover, validation strategies are proposed and the results are compared against available experimental data from the literature.
Growth of YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> thin films on Si with a CoSi2 buffer layer (1991)

By using the pulsed laser deposition technique, high-temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) films were grown on Si(001) with a 36 nm single-crystal 〈001〉 oriented CoSi2 buffer layer. The films, grown at a substrate temperature of ∼700 °C, have a metallic resistive temperature dependence with zero resistance at 85 K. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ion channeling studies show that the YBCO films are polycrystalline but are strongly c-axis oriented normal to the Si substrate. Diffusion at the interface between the YBCO film and silicide buffer layer was minimized. This is essential to the growth of high-temperature superconducting films on Si substrates.
Distribution of Endothelin Receptor Subtypes in the Rat Kidney Renal and Haemodynamic Effects of the Mixed (A/B) Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Bosentan (1995)

The paracrine renal endothelin system has been implicated in acute and chronic kidney diseases. However, there are only few data about the expression of endothelin receptor subtypes and their impact on renal function in the normal rat kidney. Therefore, we analyzed the age-dependent expression of endothelin receptors (endothelin receptor A and B) using Scatchard analysis, in vitro and in vivo receptor autoradiography. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of the mixed (A/B) endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan on haemodynamic and renal function in conscious chronically instrumented rats. The renal endothelin receptor A and endothelin receptor B expression is age-dependent. The relative amount of endothelin receptor A significantly decreased with age, whereas the endothelin receptor B significantly increased with age. Compared to the other renal structures, a high endothelin receptor density (endothelin receptor B >> endothelin receptor A) was seen in the renal tubules and even more in the glomeruli. Bosentan blocks both the pressor and depressor response of endothelin. Blocking of both endothelin receptor subtypes using bosentan without application of endothelin, on the other hand, did not alter blood pressure, heart rate, renal blood flow, water excretion or glomerular filtration rate, but significantly decreased sodium excretion.
Rationale and design of a study exploring the efficacy of once-daily oral rivaroxaban (X-TRA) on the outcome of left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombus in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter and a retrospective observational registry providing baseline data (CLOT-AF) (2015)

There are still many unresolved issues concerning patient outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and left atrial/left atrial appendage (LA/LAA) thrombi. Rivaroxaban (Xarelto®), a potent and highly selective oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, is a new therapeutic option in this setting. The planned study program will consist of a prospective interventional study (X-TRA) and a retrospective observational registry (CLOT-AF). The primary objective of the X-TRA study is to explore the efficacy of rivaroxaban in the treatment of LA/LAA thrombi in patients with nonvalvular AF or atrial flutter, scheduled to undergo cardioversion or AF ablation, in whom an LA/LAA thrombus has been found on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before the procedure. The primary end point is the complete LA/LAA thrombus resolution rate at 6 weeks of end of treatment confirmed by TEE. The secondary objectives are to describe categories of thrombus outcome in patients (resolved, reduced, unchanged, larger, or new) confirmed on TEE at the end of treatment (after 6 weeks of treatment), incidence of the composite of stroke and noncentral nervous system systemic embolism at the end of treatment and during follow-up, and incidence of all bleeding at the end of treatment and during follow-up. The objective of the CLOT-AF registry is to provide retrospective thrombus-related patient outcome data after standard-of-care anticoagulant treatment in patients with nonvalvular AF or atrial flutter, who have TEE-documented LA/LAA thrombi. The data will be used as a reference for the prospective X-TRA study. In conclusion, X-TRA and CLOT-AF will provide some answers to the many unresolved issues concerning patient outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with AF and LAA thrombi. Results from this study program would provide the first prospective interventional study (X-TRA) and a large international retrospective observational registry (CLOT-AF) on the prevalence and natural history of LA/LAA thrombi. Unique data on clot resolution with rivaroxaban in a prospective cohort would be obtained in X-TRA.
Portable product miniaturization and the ergonomic threshold (1997)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1997.
Mildronate as a Regulator of Protein Expression in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2011)

The obtained data showed that mildronate was capable to regulate the expression of proteins that play a role in the homeostasis of neuro-glial processes.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed <i>ortho</i>‐Alkenylation of Aroylgermanes (2020)

In this communication, a ruthenium‐catalyzed ortho ‐alkenylation of acylgermanes with electron‐deficient alkenes through direct C–H bond activation has been developed. With acylgermane as the directing group, this method provides a straightforward access to diverse acylgermanes derivatives with good functional group tolerance and site‐selectivity under mild reaction conditions.
AB046. P-14. TREETOPP: a phase 2/3 study of varlitinib plus capecitabine versus placebo plus capecitabine as second-line treatment in patients with advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancers (BTCs) (2019)

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are rare and have a poor prognosis. These cancers are often diagnosed at advanced stage with limited treatment options and poor overall survival (OS). Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3, and HER4 vary from 23–57%, 4–13%, 12–23% and 59–60% of BTCs, respectively. Varlitinib is a small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR, HER2 and HER4 with potent antitumor effect in preclinical BTC models. Varlitinib also demonstrated tumor shrinkage responses and durable disease stabilization in BTC patients in phase IB study. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 (Part 1)/3 (Part 2) study to compare the efficacy of varlitinib (300 mg BID, every day) versus placebo, when combined with capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2, BID for 14 days). The primary endpoints of Part 1 are objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) and for Part 2 is OS. Eligible patients include those with confirmed advanced or metastatic 2nd line BTC, including intrahepatic or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer and carcinoma of ampulla of Vater. Patients must have failed gemcitabine-contained 1st line systemic treatment. The target sample size is 482 patients, and enrollment has started on May 24, 2017. Safety data will be listed and summarized. Co-primary endpoints of Part 1 will be analyzed using data from an Independent Central Review of radiological data. A Hochberg procedure will be used to control the familywise type I error rate for Part 1 at the 10% level (one-sided). For Part 2, the primary endpoint, OS, will be tested at the two-sided 5% significance level. Trial registration: Clinical trial information: NCT03093870
ChemInform Abstract: Novel TSAO Derivatives. Synthesis and Anti‐HIV‐1 Activity of Allofuranosyl‐TSAO‐T Analogues. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimization of Execution for Machine Learning Applications in the Computing Continuum (2022)

Today, adoption of Machine Learning (ML) techniques is widespread and is encountered in almost every aspect of our everyday lives. The plethora of IoT devices and the enormous amounts of data that are being generated has led to the evolution of existing and the development of new learning algorithms that aim in leveraging data for driving accurate inference and automated decision-making. In parallel, with the computing continuum paradigm, where heterogeneous and distributed resources are stretching all the way from Cloud to Edge and IoT devices, it is imperative that ML applications reap the performance and efficiency benefits of heterogeneity. However, ML application developers and data scientists are faced with the burden of manually deploying their applications in a manner that is frequently sub-optimal.In this paper, we design and implement an integrated MLOps framework that, initially, enables developers to decompose an ML workflow into its functional steps, which correspond to distinct stages of the development and execution of an ML model. Our developed scheduler is therefore able to efficiently schedule these individual components by considering their specific requirements for computing capacity during the training stage, and for low network latency during data ingestion and model serving. The proposed MLOps framework is evaluated with a proof-of-concept experimentation conducted in a realistic testbed environment. Results show significant benefits in performance, when compared with scheduling the whole ML workflow.
Charge Percolation Pathways Guided by Defects in Quantum Dot Solids (2015)

Charge hopping and percolation in quantum dot (QD) solids has been widely studied, but the microscopic nature of the percolation process is not understood or determined. Here we present the first imaging of the charge percolation pathways in two-dimensional PbS QD arrays using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). We show that under dark conditions electrons percolate via in-gap states (IGS) instead of the conduction band, while holes percolate via valence band states. This novel transport behavior is explained by the electronic structure and energy level alignment of the individual QDs, which was measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). Chemical treatments with hydrazine can remove the IGS, resulting in an intrinsic defect-free semiconductor, as revealed by STS and surface potential spectroscopy. The control over IGS can guide the design of novel electronic devices with impurity conduction, and photodiodes with controlled doping.
A fiber optic probe to measure spatially resolved diffuse reflectance in the sub-diffusion regime for in-vivo use(Conference Presentation) (2016)

We present an ultra-simple miniature fiber optic probe to measure spatially and spectrally resolved diffuse reflectance in the sub-diffuse regime (i.e. measurements with source-detector separation less than a transport mean free path) in-vivo. This probe has a robust and simple design with a small footprint (&lt;.5 mm diameter). We show that our probe has sensitivity to structures scattering light an order of magnitude smaller than the diffraction limit, and thus can be used to quantify alterations in the very smallest structures in tissue (e.g. organelles, chromatin, collagen fibers, etc.). Specifically, the probe samples the spatial profile of diffuse reflectance in the sub-diffusion regime (P(r), r&lt;&lt;1 mm). P(r) can be used to quantify the entire shape of the phase function, F(θ). The shape of the refractive index correlation function Bn(rd) (through which the spatial distribution of mass is defined) can be analytically derived from the shape of F(θ) through application of the Born approximation. Therefor measurements of P(r) can elucidate F(&theta;) and Bn(rd). This ability has tremendous potential for use as a diagnostic tool and broad applications for probing the nanoscale environment of tissue in-vivo.