gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation and experimental characterization of microporosity during solidification in Sn-Bi alloys (2021)

The formation of microporosity during solidification of Sn-Bi alloys is investigated through experiments and simulations. Samples of varying composition with 20, 30, 47 and 58 wt% Bi are solidified in a copper mould and the pore fraction is measured through scanning electron microscopy. Finite element models are derived from X-ray micro computed tomography data and a material model is implemented to capture the effect of liquid pressure and volumetric swelling. The experimental assessment of solidification porosity shows a strong dependency on alloy composition. The round morphology of porosity found in the Sn-20 wt% Bi alloy indicates its formation in the terminal stage of solidification. Microporosity formation is computed by means of Finite Element simulations and the results correlate with experimental findings. The analysis confirms volumetric shrinkage in the liquid state of confined eutectic domains as the mechanism for pore formation and determines the composition dependency of Sn-Bi alloys.
Optimization of a Sparse Aperture Configuration for Millimeter-Wave Computational Imaging (2020)

We present two techniques for optimizing the position of transmitter and receiver modules on a sparse aperture for a millimeter-wave computational imaging system. The first technique uses an easily computable spatial representation of the transmitter and receiver array, called the coarray, to ideally distribute the spatial frequency components probed by the imaging setup. The second approach involves maximizing the information added by a complete measurement of the scene by the system. This approach is analogous to the system capacity maximization frequently employed in wireless communication. We show that employing aperture configurations optimized using these two techniques over commonly used standard aperture configurations results in 30% less mean-squared error when used to reconstruct a particular ensemble of 400 arbitrary 2-D objects. Finally, we discuss the similarities and differences between the two optimization strategies in terms of imaging performance and computational speed, including a case when one strategy performs better than the other.
Changes in RNA expression pattern during the malignant progression of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus-induced tumors in rabbits (1994)

Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus induces strictly epithelial tumors in both cottontail and domestic rabbits. A high proportion of the initial benign papillomas progress within 8 to 14 months to invasive carcinomas. With the help of mRNA-specific riboprobes for E6, E7, E1, E2, L1 and L2, we investigated by in situ hybridization the RNA expression pattern of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus in tissue sections of biopsies from different stages of tumor development. Common features of all lesions were high levels of E6 and E7 mRNAs and low levels of E1 and E2 mRNAs. In agreement with earlier reports, there was no evidence for a major mRNA class equivalent to the prominent E1-E4 RNA of human papillomavirus types 6/11 and 16. In cottontail rabbit papillomas, high levels of E6 and E7 mRNAs were present in the upper differentiated epithelial layers. These layers also contained most of the E1 and E2 mRNAs and the viral DNA. In contrast, papillomas of domestic rabbits revealed the opposite differentiation-dependent expression pattern for the E6 and E7 mRNAs; there were strong signals in the basal layers, and these declined with increased differentiation. Transcripts encoding the L1 mRNA were detected only in a few isolated cells of the granular layer. There was no difference between the amounts of E6, E7, E1, and E2 mRNAs present in highly dysplastic tissue and those present in adjacent normal papillomatous epithelium within a progressing papilloma. However, late transcripts and viral DNA detectable only in the upper layers of the papilloma were present throughout the thickness of the dysplastic tissue, indicating a newly acquired permissiveness of the dysplastic cells for viral DNA replication and late transcription. Carcinomas in general had the same expression patterns for E6, E7, and E1 but were dissimilar in the levels of expression of E2 and late transcripts.
Performance Comparisons Between Cu/Low-$\kappa$, Carbon-Nanotube, and Optics for Future On-Chip Interconnects (2008)

In this letter, we compare the performance of carbon nanotubes and optical interconnects with the scaled Cu/Iow- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kappa </i> interconnects for future high-performance integrated circuits. We present these comparisons in terms of both commonly used metrics, such as latency, energy per bit (power dissipation), as well as by demonstrating an explicit relationship between system-relevant metrics such as bandwidth density, power density and latency. We find that for long wires (~10 mm) both carbon nanotubes and optical interconnects outperform future Cu wires with optical interconnects having lower energy per bit and latency. For short wires (~1 mm), carbon-nanotube wires outperform both Cu and optical interconnects.
Les usagers de deux-roues motorisés : accidentologie (2014)

Forum utilisateurs SIM2CO+ : Conception de modules de formation aux habiletés cognitives de conduite moto sur simulateur. Présentation des résultats de la tâche 2 du projet
E-181 Proper indication of woven endobridge embolization from a beginner’s point of view (2023)

<h3></h3> The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the WEB device from a beginner’s point of view. Fifteen aneurysms were included. Aneurysm locations were the following: Acom (9), MCA (3), and basilar tip (3). The WEB devices were successfully delivered in all cases. Two patients changed their WEB size. Short-term angiographic occlusion was obtained in all cases. Aneurysm embolization with the WEB device appears feasible and effective. However, beginners should be better to try easy cases considering aneurysm height and the deviation of the aneurysm axis to the inlet flow line. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>D. Kim:</b> None.
Ultra-high-capacity Optical Communication Technology (2020)

We are researching two new technologies for sustainably and economically responding to the exponentially increasing demand for data communications: (i) optical-fiber technology for space-division multiplexing transmission overcoming the capacity limitations of existing optical fiber and (ii) terabitclass high-speed optical-transmission technology that increases channel speed per wavelength by more than one digit.By integrating new optical-fiber and high-speed optical transmission technologies, we aim to implement a new optical-transmission infrastructure with more than 100 times the potential of current optical fiber.
Cyclo[8]pyrrole: A Simple-to-Make Expanded Porphyrin with No Meso Bridges This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant CHE 0107732 to J.L.S.). The authors would like to thank Dr. Paul Fleitz and Weijie Su (Wright Patterson Air Force Base) for recording the UV/Vis spectrum of 2 b. (2002)

In einem einzigen Schritt erhält man ausgehend von Bipyrrol-Vorstufen in über 70 % Ausbeute Cyclo[8]pyrrole. Diese verkörpern eine neue Klasse von Porphyrin-Analoga und weisen die charakteristische scheibenartige Struktur der Porphyrine auf. Aus der Struktur eines solchen Cyclo[8]pyrrols im Kristall (siehe Bild) geht hervor, dass der Makrocyclus sich wie ein zweifach protonierter Rezeptor verhält, der insgesamt acht Wasserstoffbrücken zu einem Sulfation im Zentrum ausrichtet.
Semi-Blind Signal Estimation Using Toeplitz Structure-Based Subspace Method (2023)

This letter presents a novel semi-blind signal estimation method for a multi-channel system based on a structure-based subspace technique. The proposed method exploits the Toeplitz structure present in the signal matrix of the communication system model and the presence of some pilot sequences. The use of pilot symbols improves the efficiency and robustness of the algorithm and also eliminates the scalar ambiguity inherently present in blind systems. The devised method estimates the transmitted symbols directly without having to estimate the channel as an intermediate step. This will significantly reduce the error propagation effect and eventually results in an improved accuracy. Simulation results illustrate that the developed method exhibits an attractive performance.
Chain conformation of polymers adsorbed to clay particles: effects of charge and concentration (2021)

High molecular weight polymers are used in industrially important applications where the polymers adsorb onto surfaces of inorganic particles and facilitate dispersion, stabilization or flocculation of formulations. The surface conformation of these adsorbed polymers is key to their performance, yet an understanding of the effects of polymer charge, concentration and molecular weight on polymer conformation is incomplete. Here the adsorption behavior of high molecular weight, non-ionic, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and anionic partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymers to a model clay, LAPONITE® (a trademark of BYK Additives, Inc.), was studied by small angle neutron scattering over a range of polymer concentrations. The adsorption of PEO was dependent on polymer concentration at all molecular weights, first adsorbing onto the radial edge of the clay particles and then to the clay faces as polymer concentration increased. While similar behavior was observed at low concentrations of HPAM, above a critical concentration, HPAM desorption results in large clay aggregates, which decrease in size at higher polymer loadings. The difference in adsorption properties as a function of polymer charge and concentration is interpreted in terms of conformational differences of adsorbed polymer at the clay surface. Changes in the volume fraction of adsorbed PEO with polymer concentration indicate changes in the relative amounts of adsorbed chain segments in trains, loops and tails, with no clay aggregation. In contrast, a constant volume fraction of adsorbed HPAM at low concentrations gives way to desorption at higher concentration due to charge repulsion, and depletion aggregation of the clay.
Fault tolerant PWM generation with double-redundant logic (2014)

Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
Calcium Carbodiimide Compounds Revisited – Syntheses, Single Crystal Structure Determination and Vibrational Spectra of Ca <sub>11</sub> N <sub>6</sub> [CN <sub>2</sub> ] <sub>2</sub> , Ca <sub>4</sub> N <sub>2</sub> [CN <sub>2</sub> ] and Ca[CN <sub>2</sub> ] (2008)

Single crystals of Ca 11 N 6 [CN 2 ] 2 (dark red needles, tetragonal, P4 2 /mnm (no. 136), a = 1456.22(5), and c = 361.86(2) pm, Z = 2), Ca 4 N 2 [CN 2 ] (transparent yellow needles, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 1146.51(11), b = 358.33(4), and c = 1385.77(13) pm, Z = 4) and Ca[CN 2 ] (transparent, colorless, triangular plates, rhombohedral, R3̅m (no. 166), a = 369.00(3), and c = 1477.5(3) pm, Z = 3) were obtained by the reaction of Na 2 [CN 2 ], CaCl 2 and Ca 3 N 2 (if demanded by stoichiometry) in arc-welded Ta ampoules at temperatures between 1200 - 1400 K. Their crystal structures were re-determined by means of single crystal X-ray structure analyses. Additionally, the Raman spectra were recorded on these same single crystals, whereas the IR spectra were obtained with the KBr pellet technique. The title compounds exhibit characteristic features for carbodiimide units with D∞h symmetry (d(C-N) = 121.7 - 123.8 pm and ∡ (N-C-N) = 180°). The vibrational frequencies of these units are in the expected range (Ca 11 N 6 [CN 2 ] 2 : νs = 1230, νs = 2008; δ = 673/645/624 cm −1 ; Ca 4 N 2 [CN 2 ]: νs = 1230, νs = 1986; δ = 672/647 cm −1 ; Ca[CN 2 ]: νs = 1274, νs = 2031, δ = 668 cm −1 ). The structural results are more precise than the previously reported data, and with the newly attained Raman spectrum of Ca 11 N 6 [CN 2 ] 2 we correct data reported earlier.
A Paralinguistic Approach To Speaker Diarisation (2017)

In this work, we present a new view on automatic speaker diarisation, i.e., assessing "who speaks when", based on the recognition of speaker traits such as age, gender, voice likability, and personality. Traditionally, speaker diarisation is accomplished using low-level audio descriptors (e.g., cepstral or spectral features), neglecting the fact that speakers can be well discriminated by humans according to various perceived characteristics. Thus, we advocate a novel paralinguistic approach that combines speaker diarisation with speaker characterisation by automatically identifying the speakers according to their individual traits. In a three-tier processing flow, speaker segmentation by voice activity detection (VAD) is initially performed to detect speaker turns. Next, speaker attributes are predicted using pre-trained paralinguistic models. To tag the speakers, clustering algorithms are applied to the predicted traits. We evaluate our methods against state-of-the-art open source and commercial systems on a corpus of realistic, spontaneous dyadic conversations recorded in the wild from three different cultures (Chinese, English, German). Our results provide clear evidence that using paralinguistic features for speaker diarisation is a promising avenue of research.
High frequency of apolipoprotein E ϵ2 Allele in hemorrhage due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (1997)

From the somewhat conflicting published data on apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype in hemorrhage due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), it is unclear whether apoE genotype influences the risk of CAA-related hemorrhage independently of its association with concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD). We determined the apoE genotypes of 36 patients presenting with cerebral hemorrhage associated with histologically confirmed CAA. The frequency of apoE epsilon 2 was 0.25 and the frequency of apoE epsilon 4 was 0.18. Patients with CAA-related hemorrhage and concomitant AD pathology (CERAD criteria, n = 17) had a high apoE epsilon 4 frequency, close to that in AD cases without hemorrhage. Patients in whom CAA-related hemorrhage occurred in the absence of significant AD pathology (n = 13) had an apoE epsilon 4 frequency somewhat lower than non-AD controls without hemorrhage. However, in CAA-related hemorrhage, the apoE epsilon 2 frequency was high regardless of whether significant AD pathology was present. We conclude that whereas possession of apoE epsilon 2 may be a risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage due to CAA, apoE epsilon 4 is a risk factor for concomitant AD but not an independent risk factor for CAA-related hemorrhage.
Activatable esterase activity of murine natural killer cell-yac tumour cell conjugates (1984)

Natural killer (NK) cells have been obtained from mouse spleens and grown in vitro. These cells: retained cytotoxicity against YAC targets; and were homogeneous as judged by morphology and surface markers. The alpha-naphthol acetate esterases (ANAE) and diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP)-binding proteins of NK cells, YAC cells and NK-YAC conjugates have been examined. Ultrastructural cytochemistry indicates that NK cells have two types of ANAE: an enzyme primarily associated with the granule externum and an activatable ANAE associated with the granule internum. Both of these activities are inhibited by DFP. The activatable ANAE appears during incubation of NK cells with YAC cells. DFP-binding proteins were examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autofluorography. NK cells and YAC cells have major DFP-binding proteins of 35 X 10(3) and 20 X 10(3) Mr, respectively. NK-YAC conjugates had a new band at 55 X 10(3) Mr. This new protein may be identical to the activatable ANAE described above. Our studies provide evidence for an NK cell esterase that becomes activated when incubated in the presence of tumour cells. This esterase may be related to the cytolytic mechanism.
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function of Spectralon white reflectance standard illuminated by incoherent unpolarized and plane-polarized light (2011)

A Lambert surface would appear equally bright from all observation directions regardless of the illumination direction. However, the reflection from a randomly scattering object generally has directional variation, which can be described in terms of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). We measured the BRDF of a Spectralon white reflectance standard for incoherent illumination at 405 and 680 nm with unpolarized and plane-polarized light from different directions of incidence. Our measurements show deviations of the BRDF for the Spectralon white reflectance standard from that of a Lambertian reflector that depend both on the angle of incidence and the polarization states of the incident light and detected light. The non-Lambertian reflection characteristics were found to increase more toward the direction of specular reflection as the angle of incidence gets larger.
Mediating effects of self-efficacy in the relationships between academic burnout and school adjustment on middle school students (2014)

이 연구의 목적은 중학생들의 학업소진, 자기효능감이 학교적응에 어떠한 과정을 거쳐서 영향을 미치는지 변인들 간의 경로를 규명하여 경로모형을 검증하고, 자기효능감의 매개효과를 살펴보는 데 있다. 이러한 목적에 따라 G시에 있는 세 곳의 중학교 3학년 학생들 713명을 대상으로 연구가 진행되었다. 연구결과는 첫째, 경로계수와 적합도지수가 유의하여 경로모형이 유의한 것으로 검증되었다. 둘째, 학업소진은 자기효능감과 학교적응에 직접적으로 부적인 영향을 미치며, 자기효능감은 학교적응에 정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자기효능감은 학업소진과 학교적응 사이에서 유의한 매개효과가 있음이 검증되었다. 이러한 결과에 근거하여 우리나라 청소년들에게 부과되는 과도한 학업요구로 인한 학업소진이 학교적응에 부정적인 영향을 주지만, 개인변인으로써 자기효능감이 잘 발달되어있다면 학교부적응을 줄일 수 있기 때문에 자기효능감과 같은 심리적 요인에 대한 개입이 필요함을 확인하였고, 이결과를 토대로 논의 및 후속연구를 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to define the paths through which academic burnout and self-efficacy of middle school students affect school adjustment, verify the path model of each factor, and examine the mediator effects of self-efficacy. In line with this objective, the study conducted a survey on 713 third year students of 3 different middle schools in city G. The first finding of this study confirmed that the path coefficient and suitablility index were significant, indicating that the path model was also significant. Second, academic burnout had direct negative effects on self-efficacy and school adjustment, while self-efficacy has positive effects on school adjustment. Third, self-efficacy was confirmed to have meaningful mediator effects on academic burnout and school adjustment. Based on these findings, academic burnout caused by excessive demand for academic success on korean students has negative effects on school adjustment, but if self-efficacy is well developed as an individual factor, school maladjustment can be reduced. Thus this study confirmed that psychological factors, such as self-efficacy, are necessary in school adjustment. Future studies were suggested on the basis of this study's findings.
A Quasi-Dimensional NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; Emission Model for Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) Gasoline Engines (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A fundamentally based quasi-dimensional NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emission model for spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) gasoline engines was developed. The NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; model consists of a chemical mechanism and three sub-models. The classical extended Zeldovich mechanism and N₂O pathway for NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; formation mechanism were employed as the chemical mechanism in the model. A characteristic time model for the radical species H, O and OH was incorporated to account for non-equilibrium of radical species during combustion. A model of homogeneity which correlates fundamental dimensionless numbers and mixing time was developed to model the air-fuel mixing and inhomogeneity of the charge. Since temperature has a dominant effect on NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emission, a flame temperature correlation was developed to model the flame temperature during the combustion for NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; calculation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Measured NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emission data from a single-cylinder SIDI research engine at different operating conditions was used to validate the NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; model. The effects of fuel injection timing, injection pressure, spark timing, overall engine AFR, and intake temperature on NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emission were examined and well captured by the model. Comparison of all the NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emission data with the model indicates that the NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; model is a good predictive tool for NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions in SIDI engines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Learning To Disambiguate Strongly Interacting Hands via Probabilistic Per-Pixel Part Segmentation (2021)

In natural conversation and interaction, our hands often overlap or are in contact with each other. Due to the homogeneous appearance of hands, this makes estimating the 3D pose of interacting hands from images difficult. In this paper we demonstrate that self-similarity, and the resulting ambiguities in assigning pixel observations to the respective hands and their parts, is a major cause of the final 3D pose error. Motivated by this insight, we propose DIGIT, a novel method for estimating the 3D poses of two interacting hands from a single monocular image. The method consists of two interwoven branches that process the input imagery into a per-pixel semantic part segmentation mask and a visual feature volume. In contrast to prior work, we do not decouple the segmentation from the pose estimation stage, but rather leverage the per-pixel probabilities directly in the downstream pose estimation task. To do so, the part probabilities are merged with the visual features and processed via fully-convolutional layers. We experimentally show that the proposed approach achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the InterHand2.6M [33] dataset. We provide detailed ablation studies to demonstrate the efficacy of our method and to provide insights into how the modelling of pixel ownership affects 3D hand pose estimation.
Offloading Optimization in Edge Computing for Deep Learning Enabled Target Tracking by Internet-of-UAVs (2020)

The empowering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been extensively used in providing intelligence such as target tracking. In our field experiments, a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) is deployed at the UAV to identify a target (a vehicle) from the captured video frames and enable the UAV to keep tracking. However, this kind of visual target tracking demands a lot of computational resources due to the desired high inference accuracy and stringent delay requirement. This motivates us to consider offloading this type of deep learning (DL) tasks to a mobile edge computing (MEC) server due to limited computational resource and energy budget of the UAV, and further improve the inference accuracy. Specifically, we propose a novel hierarchical DL tasks distribution framework, where the UAV is embedded with lower layers of the pre-trained CNN model, while the MEC server with rich computing resources will handle the higher layers of the CNN model. An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the weighted-sum cost including the tracking delay and energy consumption introduced by communication and computing of the UAVs, while taking into account the quality of data (e.g., video frames) input to the DL model and the inference errors. Analytical results are obtained and insights are provided to understand the tradeoff between the weighted-sum cost and inference error rate in the proposed framework. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed offloading framework.