gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing TCP Throughput with an Enhanced Internet Control Plane (2006)

CHART seeks to improve the performance of operational DoD Internets through the introduction of an intelligent network overlay. TCP performance-particularly between CONUS and forward-deployed components located in combat theaters-can be severely degraded due to high loss rates and long latencies. The lack of current information about network conditions in the core NIPR-net/SIPRnet further compounds the problem, because end hosts lack the data required to make intelligent routing decisions. Deploying CHART'S enhanced control plane improves measurement and monitoring of unreliable communication links to provide current network state information to routers implemented in both software and hardware, enabling intelligent routing around faulty links. We describe the design of software and hardware routers sharing a common network 'sensing' infrastructure, the implementation of end-to-end quality of service via flow state aware routers, and a new network-aware TCP/IP stack for Linux end systems. Performance test results demonstrate that bulk file transfer throughput can be increased by as much as an order of magnitude in networks with severely impaired communication links
Application of external voltage for fouling mitigation from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide functionalized surfaces (2019)

Fouling of surfaces remains one of the largest challenges in the field of water filtration.
Double-tap gene drive uses iterative genome targeting to help overcome resistance alleles (2022)

Homing CRISPR gene drives could aid in curbing the spread of vector-borne diseases and controlling crop pest and invasive species populations due to an inheritance rate that surpasses Mendelian laws. However, this technology suffers from resistance alleles formed when the drive-induced DNA break is repaired by error-prone pathways, which creates mutations that disrupt the gRNA recognition sequence and prevent further gene-drive propagation. Here, we attempt to counteract this by encoding additional gRNAs that target the most commonly generated resistance alleles into the gene drive, allowing a second opportunity at gene-drive conversion. Our presented "double-tap" strategy improved drive efficiency by recycling resistance alleles. The double-tap drive also efficiently spreads in caged populations, outperforming the control drive. Overall, this double-tap strategy can be readily implemented in any CRISPR-based gene drive to improve performance, and similar approaches could benefit other systems suffering from low HDR frequencies, such as mammalian cells or mouse germline transformations.
IDSense (2015)

In order to enable unobtrusive human object interaction detection, we propose a minimalistic approach to instrumenting everyday objects with passive (i.e. battery-free) UHF RFID tags. By measuring the changes in the physical layer of the communication channel between the RFID tag and reader (such as RSSI, RF phase, and read rate) we are able to classify, in real time, tag/object motion events along with two types of touch events. Through a user study, we demonstrate that our real-time classification engine is able to simultaneously track 20 objects and identify four movement classes with 93% accuracy. To demonstrate how robust this general-purpose interaction mechanism is, we investigate three usage scenarios 1) interactive storytelling with toys 2) inference of daily activities in the home 3) identification of customer browsing habits in a retail setting.
Superplastic characteristics in an extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy. (1999)

Deformation characteristics at elevated temperatures were examined in an AZ31 magnesium alloy. The asreceived bar was extruded for refineing its microstructure. The extruded alloy had equiaxed grains with an average grain size of ∼5 μm. Tensile test revealed that the material exhibited superplasticity. The maximum elongation of 608% was obtained at a temperature of 598 K and at a strain rate of 1 × 10−4 s−1. Microstructural observations indicated that the dominant deformation process was grain boundary sliding. The strain rate sensitivity exponent in the superplastic region was 0.5 and the activation energy was close to that for grain boundary diffusion in magnesium. Experimental results suggested that the dominant deformation mechanism in AZ31 was grain boundary sliding accommodated by dislocation glide controlled by grain boundary diffusion.
Optimal MIMO transmission schemes with adaptive antenna combining in the RF path (2008)

In this paper we study space-time coding schemes for a novel MIMO transceiver which performs adaptive signal combining in radio-frequency (RF). The limitations of the RF circuitry make necessary to develop specific designs for this architecture. For instance, the space and time encoders must operate separately (the former works in the RF domain and the latter works in baseband), and at different time scales: the spatial encoder or RF beamformer must remain fixed during the transmission of a probably large number of symbols, whereas the time-encoder can work at the symbol rate. We show in the paper that although the multiplexing gain of the system is limited to one, we are still able to achieve the full spatial diversity of the MIMO channel as well as to increase the received signal-to-noise ratio through array gain. Specifically, when perfect channel state information (CSI) is available only at the receiver we propose to use a scheme referred to as orthogonal beam division multiplexing (OBDM). With this scheme the symbols are time-precoded with a unitary discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix, then they are successively transmitted through orthogonal directions and, finally, we use a receiver comprising maximal ratio combining (MRC) followed by a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) decoder. The performance of the proposed techniques in terms of outage capacity and bit error rate is illustrated by means of several simulations examples.
Multi-purpose fiber-optic access network (MFAN) (2002)

Summary form only given. We have proposed and demonstrated two types of multi-purpose fiber-optic access networks (MFANs) which can be used to support various wired and wireless services using the same fiber infrastructure, including digital baseband, analog CATV, CDMA personal communication service (PCS), wireless local loop (WLL), and local multi-point communication service (LMCS) services. These networks were implemented by using only three wavelengths separated by more than 20 nm. Thus, there was no need to use any complicated wavelength-stabilization circuitry. The crosstalk, caused by either fiber nonlinearities or imperfect demultiplexers, was measured to be negligible. The passive and active MFAN could accommodate 9 ONU/RBSs and 64 ONU/RBSs, respectively. If necessary, the passive MFAN could be gracefully upgraded to its active version.
321 DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL POLYMORPHISMS IN THE CODING AND PROMOTER REGIONS OF THE MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR GENE IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. (2006)

<h3></h3> The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is an important part of a hypothalamic pathway involved in the normal regulation of body weight. Disruption of MC4R signaling by mutation or knockout leads not only to severe obesity in humans, but affected subjects are also taller, have greater lean mass, and have greater bone density than obese matched controls. The mechanism whereby disruption of the melanocortin pathway results in altered body composition and bone density is not known, but alteration in this pathway may affect the bone and muscle mass in populations other than obese subjects, including the elderly. In a pilot study, we have determined the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MC4R gene and its promoter in populations of older Caucasian (<i>n</i> = 48), African American (<i>n</i> = 48), and Hong Kong Chinese (<i>n</i> = 48) men and women. The African American cohort had the highest prevalence of SNPs (33%) and the Chinese cohort the lowest (12%). A total of nine nucleotide substitutions were detected, six previously reported and three that are novel. The novel SNPs were found in the African American cohort; of which one is in the coding region (11C&gt;T) and two are in the noncoding region (-337 A&gt;C and -300 G&gt;C). All variants detected in this study were in the heterozygous form except for the -337 A&gt;C and -300 G&gt;C polymorphisms. The subject with the 11C&gt;T heterozygous SNP in the African American cohort had a BMI of 31.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> at age 69.7, where the mean BMI for the cohort was 29.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> with a range of 17.6 to 50.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Of particular interest is that the 11C&gt;T variant predicts a nonconserved amino acid change at codon 4 from a serine to phenylalanine. Further functional characterization will be needed to determine the impact of this amino acid change on MC4 signaling. Exploring the relationship between mutations in the MC4R gene and its promoter on differences in body composition in these populations potentially offers new insights into central nervous regulation of lean mass and bone density.
Asymmetric gibberellin signaling regulates vacuolar trafficking of PIN auxin transporters during root gravitropism (2013)

Gravitropic bending of plant organs is mediated by an asymmetric signaling of the plant hormone auxin between the upper and lower side of the respective organ. Here, we show that also another plant hormone, gibberellic acid (GA), shows asymmetric action during gravitropic responses. Immunodetection using an antibody against GA and monitoring GA signaling output by downstream degradation of DELLA proteins revealed an asymmetric GA distribution and response with the maximum at the lower side of gravistimulated roots. Genetic or pharmacological manipulation of GA levels or response affects gravity-mediated auxin redistribution and root bending response. The higher GA levels at the lower side of the root correlate with increased amounts of PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) auxin transporter at the plasma membrane. The observed increase in PIN2 stability is caused by a specific GA effect on trafficking of PIN proteins to lytic vacuoles that presumably occurs downstream of brefeldin A-sensitive endosomes. Our results suggest that asymmetric auxin distribution instructive for gravity-induced differential growth is consolidated by the asymmetric action of GA that stabilizes the PIN-dependent auxin stream along the lower side of gravistimulated roots.
Identification of candidate effector genes in the transcriptome of the rice root knot nematode <i> <scp>M</scp> eloidogyne graminicola </i> (2012)

Plant-parasitic nematodes secrete so-called effectors into their host plant which are able to suppress the plant's defence responses, alter plant signalling pathways and, in the case of root knot nematodes, induce the formation of giant cells. Putative effectors have been successfully identified by genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics approaches. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome of the rice root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola by 454 sequencing of second-stage juveniles as well as mRNA-seq of rice infected tissue. Over 350 000 reads derived from M. graminicola preparasitic juveniles were assembled, annotated and checked for homologues in different databases. From infected rice tissue, 1.4% of all reads generated were identified as being derived from the nematode. Using multiple strategies, several putative effector genes were identified, both pioneer genes and genes corresponding to already known effectors. To check whether these genes could be involved in the interaction with the plant, in situ hybridization was performed on a selection of genes to localize their expression in the nematode. Most were expressed in the gland cells or amphids of the nematode, confirming possible secretion of the proteins and hence a role in infection. Other putative effectors showed a different expression pattern, potentially linked with the excretory/secretory system. This transcriptome study is a good starting point to functionally investigate novel effectors derived from M. graminicola. This will lead to better insights into the interaction between these nematodes and the model plant rice. Moreover, the transcriptome can be used to identify possible target genes for RNA interference (RNAi)-based control strategies. Four genes proved to be interesting targets by showing up to 40% higher mortality relative to the control treatment when soaked in gene-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
Experimental tests of the stereoelectronic effect at phosphorus: nucleophilic reactivity of phosphite esters (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental tests of the stereoelectronic effect at phosphorus: nucleophilic reactivity of phosphite estersKazunari Taira, William L. Mock, and David G. GorensteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 25, 7831–7835Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00337a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00337a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2512Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma showing an interfollicular pattern of proliferation: a study of the Osaka Lymphoma Study Group (2008)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with an interfollicular pattern of proliferation shows distinct clinical and pathological findings from ordinary DLBCL.
Casein kinase I epsilon interacts with mitochondrial proteins for the growth and survival of human ovarian cancer cells (2012)

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynaecologic cancers in Western countries. Our studies have shown that casein kinase I-epsilon (CKIε), a Wnt pathway protein, is significantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and is associated with poor survival. Ectopic expression of CKIε in normal human ovarian surface epithelial cells and inhibition of CKIε in ovarian cancer cells and in xenografts demonstrated the importance of CKIε in regulating cell proliferation and migration. Interestingly, CKIε function did not seem to involve β-catenin activity. Instead, CKIε was found to interact with several mitochondrial proteins including adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2). Inhibition of CKIε in ovarian cancer cells resulted in suppression of ANT2, downregulation of cellular ATP and the resulting cancer cells were more susceptible to chemotherapy. Our studies indicate that, in the context of ovarian cancer, the interaction between CKIε and ANT2 mediates pathogenic signalling that is distinct from the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and is essential for cell proliferation and is clinically associated with poor survival.
On Directed Incomplete Transversal Designs with Block Size Five. (1998)

An observational study of 648 routine medical visits with 69 physicians examined patient gender in relation to patient and physician communication, patient preference for the physician's communication style, patient satisfaction, and the physician's awareness of the patient's satisfaction. Data consisted of audiotapes as well as patient and physician questionnaires. Women appeared to be more actively engaged in the talk of medical visits--they sent and received more emotionally charged talk and were judged by independent raters as more anxious and interested both globally and in terms of voice quality than men. Consistent with the more emotional talk, women reported preferring a more "feeling-oriented" physician than male patients did. Mean levels of satisfaction with communication did not differ by gender, and communication predictors of satisfaction were similar for male and female patients, although they were stronger for male patients. Physicians were significantly less aware of some aspects of female patients' satisfaction compared to male patients' satisfaction. In light of the weaker correlations between patients' communication and their satisfaction for women, we suggest that women provided fewer obvious cues to their satisfaction. Training in communication skills may increase open discussion about feelings and emotions and may also produce greater physician sensitivity to patients' satisfaction, particularly with female patients.
Transcription Factor Binding Site Analysis Identifies FOXO Transcription Factors as Regulators of the Cutaneous Wound Healing Process (2014)

The search for significantly overrepresented and co-occurring transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of the most differentially expressed genes in microarray data sets could be a powerful approach for finding key regulators of complex biological processes. To test this concept, two previously published independent data sets on wounded human epidermis were re-analyzed. The presence of co-occurring transcription factor binding sites for FOXO1, FOXO3 and FOXO4 in the majority of the promoter regions of the most significantly differentially expressed genes between non-wounded and wounded epidermis implied an important role for FOXO transcription factors during wound healing. Expression levels of FOXO transcription factors during wound healing in vivo in both human and mouse skin were analyzed and a decrease for all FOXOs in human wounded skin was observed, with FOXO3 having the highest expression level in non wounded skin. Impaired re-epithelialization was found in cultures of primary human keratinocytes expressing a constitutively active variant of FOXO3. Conversely knockdown of FOXO3 in keratinocytes had the opposite effect and in an in vivo mouse model with FOXO3 knockout mice we detected significantly accelerated wound healing. This article illustrates that the proposed approach is a viable method for identifying important regulators of complex biological processes using in vivo samples. FOXO3 has not previously been implicated as an important regulator of wound healing and its exact function in this process calls for further investigation.
Exhaustive detection of manufacturing flaws as abnormalities (2002)

Manufacturing flaws of all types, shapes, and sizes can be exhaustively detected as abnormal pixels, if process and noise variations can be learned at every pixel in the inspection area. This statistical template approach to automated visual inspection is extremely fast, effective, and flexible, while achieving false negative rate <10/sup -6/. Critical to this approach are the following novel features: 1) represent both geometry and process information in a model template; 2) align 3D surfaces with subpixel accuracy; compensate for local deformation and texture; 4) estimate bimodal distribution robustly. This novel paradigm was applied to the automatic screening of X-ray images of turbine blades. It has been validated with over 50,000 images and shown to outperform regular inspectors looking at high-pass filtered images.
Disorientation Kinetics of Aligned Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites (2003)

The kinetics of disorientation of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites following alignment of the silicate layers by prolonged large amplitude oscillatory shear are examined using linear viscoelastic measurements. Nanometer thick disks with diameters of 30 nm, 0.3−0.6 μm, and 5 μm dispersed in polymer matrices exhibit disorientation kinetics that are non-Brownian. The disorientation process exhibits signatures of aging observed in soft-colloidal glasses and is shown to be independent of temperature, nanoparticle size, and chemical details, viscoelasticity and molecular weight of the polymeric matrix.
Do the Adjacent Level Intervertebral Discs Degenerate After a Lumbar Spinal Fusion? (2010)

The intervertebral discs at both the cephalad and the caudad levels adjacent to the 2 fused lumbar levels in this rabbit-model experiment carried out over 12 months after surgery showed degenerative changes asassessed using disc-height measurements, MR images, and histology, and the effect was more severe at the caudad adjacent level.
Negative dielectrophoretic manipulation with microparticles for rapid immunosensing (2008)

Negative dielectrophoresis (n-DEP) have been used to manipulate microparticles with immunoreagents (antigens or antibodies) in a microfluidic channel, and applied to develop a rapid immunoassay system. A microfluidic device, with three-dimensional (3-D) microelectrodes fabricated on two substrates, was used to manipulate particle flow in the channel and to capture the particles in the caged area that was enclosed by the collector electrodes. Polystyrene microparticles (6 mum diameters) modified with anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) were manipulated and captured in the caged area by using n-DEP. A sandwich immunoassay was achieved by successively injecting a sample solution containing mouse antigen (IgG), and a solution containing FITC-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody, into the channel. The fluorescence intensity from captured particles in the caged area increased with increasing concentrations (10 ng/ml to 10 mug/ml) of mouse IgG. The described system enables mouse IgG to be assayed in 40 min. This immunosensing system using the n-DEP technique is faster and simpler than conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using microtiter plates, and has the significant advantage that sensing requires simple and easy handling since unreacted immunomolecules are flushed from the signal detection area by the fluidic stream. The device can be reused by removing the microparticles. The automatic separation of free fractions from desired analytes and labeled antibodies can be achieved using a microfluidic device based on n-DEP.