gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fusion 360 gallery (2021)

Parametric computer-aided design (CAD) is a standard paradigm used to design manufactured objects, where a 3D shape is represented as a program supported by the CAD software. Despite the pervasiveness of parametric CAD and a growing interest from the research community, currently there does not exist a dataset of realistic CAD models in a concise programmatic form. In this paper we present the Fusion 360 Gallery, consisting of a simple language with just the sketch and extrude modeling operations, and a dataset of 8,625 human design sequences expressed in this language. We also present an interactive environment called the Fusion 360 Gym, which exposes the sequential construction of a CAD program as a Markov decision process, making it amendable to machine learning approaches. As a use case for our dataset and environment, we define the CAD reconstruction task of recovering a CAD program from a target geometry. We report results of applying state-of-the-art methods of program synthesis with neurally guided search on this task.
Current Technology on Nutrients Removal, Recovery and Reuse from Liquid Fraction of Digestate (2019)

By-products of anaerobic digestion, digestate is commonly managed via several ways for its optimal transportion and application. The common practice for digestate management is through solid-liquid separation. The common use for solid fraction of digestates are either through land spreading; directly applied or after composting, as organic fertilizer. Several routes proposed for valorization of solid digestate include production of biochar, bio-fuel for domestic furnaces, bioethanol production after centrifugal milling as well as post treatments (enzymatic, thermal and alkaline) for the recovery of methane. Liquid fraction of digestates contain high concentration of nutrients; from 1.5 to 6.5 g/L total nitrogen and from 0.94 to 2.51 g/L total phosphorus (P2O5) as well as high ions concentrations from 0.5 to 3.1 g/L ammonium (NH4+), from 1.05 to 5.48 g/L potassium (K+) and from 0-2.13 g/L phosphate (PO43-). Besides it also contains other ions such as sodium, chloride, magnesium, calcium and sulfate. High nutrients concentration limits its application to land with maximum application of 60 kg/ha/y of phosphate and 100kg/ha/y of potassium. Therefore, the removal of these nutrients is important before land application or disposal. In addition, these nutrients could be marketed to regions with high demand of nutrient or to the non-agricultural sector. The opportunities for nutrients marketing from digestate are largely unexploited and the strategies for marketing is still immature. This paper reviews the current technology on the removal, recovery as well as reuse of nutrients from liquid fraction of digestate. The discussion on the removal of nutrients include ammonia stripping, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANNAMOX), direct contact membrane distillation, constructed wetland system and vapor pressure membrane contactor. Nutrients recovery technology discussed in this paper include vacuum evaporation, struvite recovery, vacuum thermal stripping with acid absorption, combined evaporation and reverse osmosis. Meanwhile, the current technology on nutrients reuse include cultivation with microalgal for biomass production, nutrients recycling back to digester, soil application and subsurface injection into soils.
TM-pass polarizer based on a photobleaching-induced waveguide in polymers (1998)

An integrated optical TM-pass polarizer was fabricated by utilizing a photobleaching-induced birefringence in polymers. The polarizer is implemented by integrating a photobleached waveguide supporting only the TM mode between input and output etched rib waveguides supporting both TE and TM modes. The photobleaching has been controlled to reduce the excess loss by closely matching the mode profiles of the waveguides. The measured polarization extinction ratio is 25 dB, and the excess loss is about 0.4 dB at the wavelength of 1.31 μm.
Vasculogenic gene therapy: No role for revitalization of structural bone allografts (2022)

Segmental bone defects are often performed with cryopreserved allografts. They provide immediate stability, but risk nonunion, infection and late stress fracture. Improving the rate and extent of bone revitalization may improve results. Angiogenesis from surgically placed arteriovenous (AV) bundles improves bone blood flow and vitality in cryopreserved rat femora, augmented by vasculogenic growth factors. This study tests the same principal in Yucatan mini-pigs with a tibial diaphyseal defect, combining surgical angiogenesis with angiogenic gene therapy within cryopreserved orthotopically-placed allografts. Tibial diaphyseal defects were reconstructed with cryopreserved allografts and rigid internal fixation in 16 mini pigs. Half of the cranial tibial AV bundles placed within the allograft medullary canal were transfected with an adeno-associated virus containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) genes (AAV9.VEGF.PDGF). Bone remodeling, angiogenesis, and allograft healing were assessed. During the postoperative survival period 5 of 8 transfected animals developed cutaneous benign vascular lesions at sites remote from the operated hindlimb, causing excessive bleeding. Within the allograft, both medullary (p = 0.013) and cortical (p = 0.009) vascular volumes were higher and vessels more mature than nontransfected allografts. Bone turnover (p = 0.013), bone mineralization (p = 0.018), bone healing (p = 0.008) and graft incorporation (p = 0.006) were all significantly higher in the gene therapy group. In a large animal tibial defect model, gene therapy of implanted AV bundles improved revascularization, remodeling and healing of cryopreserved allografts used for limb reconstruction. However, benign vascular lesions causing excessive bleeding developed in 5 out of 8 pigs transfected with AAV containing genes for VEGF and PDGF. This unforeseen complication makes vasculogenic gene therapy unacceptable for clinical use.
Donor Dopamine Pretreatment Inhibits Tubulitis in Renal Allografts Subjected to Prolonged Cold Preservation (2007)

Our data indicate that donor DA treatment significantly inhibits tubulitis in renal allografts subjected to prolonged cold preservation. A reduced number of infiltrating MHC class II+ and CD3+ cells together with decreased cytokine expression could diminish renal scarring, reduce allograft immunogenicity, and hence improve transplantation outcome.
On the Unexpected Stereochemical Outcome of the Magnesium in Methanol – Conjugate Reduction of an Exocyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ester (1999)

The conjugate reduction of the exocyclic α,β-unsaturated ester 9 with magnesium in methanol gives a mixture of diastereoisomers containing predominantly the less stable 10a. Eventual structural identification rests on the X-ray diffraction analysis of tosylate 18.
Ascorbic acid reversibly inhibits proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells (2004)

Ascorbic acid has a dose-dependent influence on the proliferation of vital ARPE cells. This possibly reflects the role of ascorbic acid at a physiological level within the vitreous cavity in preventing proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). These findings may stimulate the development of new strategies in the clinical treatment of PVR.
Operator-difference schemes on non-uniform grids for second-order evolutionary equations (2023)

The approximate solution of the Cauchy problem for second-order evolution equations is performed, first of all, using three-level time approximations. Such approximations are easily constructed and relatively uncomplicated to investigate when using uniform time grids. When solving applied problems numerically, we should focus on approximations with variable time steps. When using multilevel schemes on non-uniform grids, we should maintain accuracy by choosing appropriate approximations and ensuring the approximate solution's stability. In this paper, we construct unconditionally stable first- and second-order accuracy schemes on a non-uniform time grid for the approximate solution of the Cauchy problem for a second-order evolutionary equation. We use a special transformation of the original second-order differential-operator equation to a system of first-order equations. For the system of first-order equations, we apply standard two-level time approximations. We obtained stability estimates for the initial data and the right-hand side in finite-dimensional Hilbert space. Eliminating auxiliary variables leads to three-level schemes for the initial second-order evolution equation. Numerical experiments were performed for the test problem for a one-dimensional in space bi-parabolic equation. The accuracy and stability properties of the constructed schemes are demonstrated on non-uniform grids with randomly varying grid steps.
A novel automotive Ultra-Wideband 5G-MIMO-Antenna Array printed on a foil (2021)

Four ultra-wideband 5G MIMO-Antennas for frequency ranges from 617MHz to 960MHz and 1.710GHz to 5.0GHz are printed on a common foil for integration into a shark-fin-radome on a car. Underneath the first of the four 5G antennas, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) scarabeus antenna is integrated as well. The 5G antennas are designed for low mutual coupling and negligible influence on the GNSS antenna. The antennas achieve a good impedance matching as well as good decoupling of the radiators, assuring a good MIMO performance in the given wide band frequency ranges. Simulated and measured results of antenna impedances, mutual coupling and radiation characteristics are presented and show a good agreement.
S194 – Pharyngeal Thickness in Young and Elderly Normal Subjects (2008)

Objectives Previous research has demonstrated pharyngeal size and constriction differences between normal young and elderly adults. Evidence suggests that the pharynx of elderly subjects dilates and does not constrict as well as younger persons. The distance between the larynx and the hyoid at rest is greater in the elderly, as is the anterior‐posterior width of the pharynx maximally expanded. We have noticed that the pharynx of elderly persons appears to atrophy with age. The purpose of this investigation was to compare pharyngeal wall thickness in young vs. elderly persons. Methods Videofluoroscopic swallow studies were performed on 82 normal adults under the age of 65 years and on 89 normal adults over the age of 65. Measures of posterior pharyngeal wall thickness (PWT) were determined at rest and at the same point during maximum constriction of the pharynx on a 20‐cc bolus swallow. Data were compared with the independent samples t‐test. Results No gender differences were identified for the younger or elderly groups. Mean PWT at rest was. 40cm (±. 08) for the younger group and 30cm (±. 08) for the elderly (p &lt;0.01). Pharyngeal wall thickness measured at the same point during maximum constriction was 1.08cm (±38) for the younger group and. 92cm (±36) for the elderly (p &lt;0.01). Conclusions Data from the current study suggest that the posterior pharyngeal wall is thinner in elderly individuals older than 65 as compared to younger adults. These differences may help explain differences in pharyngeal strength, swallowing efficiency, and safety in the elderly.
A new synthesis of 1‐aryl‐5‐cyano‐1<i>H</i>‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acid, ethyl esters (1988)

Abstract A novel conversion of 5‐amino‐1‐aryl‐1 H ‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acid, ethyl esters to the corresponding 5‐cyano esters is described. The process involves nonaqueous diazotization of the amine to form the methyl thioether, which is oxidized to the methyl sulfone, which, in turn, is displaced by cyanide ion. The cyano esters are precursors to chemical hybridizing agents in wheat and barley.
Higher-order shear mode FBAR using polarization-inverted layers of (1120) textured zno films (2006)

Second-order shear mode FBAR using (1120) textured ZnO film was fabricated. This FBAR contained two ZnO layers with opposite polarizations. Crystallites growth directions of the ZnO layers were clarified by X-ray pole figure analysis. Characteristics of this FBAR were experimentally and theoretically investigated. Keywords-component; Shear mode; Higher order mode FBAR; (1120) textured Zinc Oxide; Polarization-inverted piezoelectric layers
A novel GaAs power MESFET with low distortion characteristics employing semi-insulating setback layer under the gate (1996)

A low distortion GaAs power MESFET has been developed by employing a semi-insulating setback layer under the gate. The setback region was obtained by diffusing chromium from the Cr/Pt/Au gate metal in self-aligned manner. The novel power FET with the setback layer was found to be insensitive to surface trapping effects. They showed only 5-6 percent frequency dispersion of drain current at 1 MHz compared to DC condition. Because of this small frequency dispersion, the typical measurement FET, which has a surface setback layer, with a gate width of 36 mm exhibited 1.5 dB larger output power at 1 dB gain compression point than that of the FET without the setback layer. Moreover, in the /spl pi//4 shift-QPSK modulation that has been most popular in digital mobile communication system, the FET exhibited 11 dB smaller adjacent channel leakage power than the conventional one at the output power of 31.5 dBm.
Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of a Peptidomimetic Inhibitor Targeting the Src Homology 2 (SH2) Domain of STAT6 (2013)

An improved synthesis of a phosphopeptidomimetic prodrug targeting the Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is reported. In our convergent methodology, we employed a phosphotyrosine surrogate active ester harboring pivaloyloxymethyl groups, which efficiently coupled to tert-butylglycinyl proline diarylamide. Biological evaluation of 1 has not been reported. We show that it inhibits STAT6 phosphorylation in intact human bronchial epithelial cells, suggesting potential application in the treatment of asthma.
Pulse forming and triggering using resonant tunnelung diode structures (1990)

Resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) monolithically integrated with coplanar transmission lines have been used for pulse formation, with measured rise times as low as 6ps. Triggering at 60 GHz was performed by using the RTD pulser structures as trigger circuits.
ModifyingMesoporous TiO2 by Ammonium Sulfonate Boosts Performanceof Perovskite Solar Cells (2020)

Mesoporous-structure
perovskite solar cells (meso-PVKSCs) have been widely utilized due
to the achieved high efficiency for which the TiO2 layer
usually suffers from sufficient electron trap states, low electron
mobility, and inavoidable catalytic activity. Herein, a mesoporous
TiO2 (m-TiO2) layer is modified by tetraethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate (abbreviated as TEATS) for the first
time, leading to a significant photoelectric conversion efficiency
enhancement from 19.14 to 20.69% for Cs0.05MA0.12FA0.83PbI2.55Br0.45 (abbreviated
as CsMAFA) meso-PVKSCs. In particular, the obtained champion open-circuit
voltage (Voc) is 1.18 V, which is a record
high value for meso-PVKSCs with CsMAFA triple cation mixed perovskite.
A series of measurements were employed to investigate the influences
of TEATS modification on the energy band structures of TiO2 as well as the CsMAFA perovskite layer atop, unveiling that TEATS
modification benefits defect passivation of the TiO2 film
along with a decrease in the work function of TiO2. Besides,
TEATS modification helps to improve the wettability of perovskite
precursors on the m-TiO2 substrate, affording improved
film quality of perovskite with enhanced crystallinity and grain size.
Consequently, the trap states existed in the perovskite film can be
passivated, and the interfacial charge recombination is suppressed.
This further benefits the improvement of the ambient stability of
devices.
An EOS-Based Compositional Thermal Reservoir Simulator (2009)

Abstract In the past thirty years, the development of compositional reservoir simulators using various equations of state (EOS) has been addressed in the SPE literature. However, the development of compositional thermal simulators in conjunction with EOS formulation has been ignored, in particular. Therefore, a fully implicit, parallel, compositional EOS-based simulator has been developed. In this model, an equation of state is used for equilibrium calculations among all phases (oil, gas, and aqueous). Also, the physical properties are calculated based on an EOS, hence obviating the need for using steam tables for calculation of water/steam properties. The governing equations for the model comprise fugacity equations between the three phases, material balance, pore volume constraint and energy equations. The governing partial differential equations are solved using finite difference or finite volume approximations. In the steam injection process, the solubility of oil in water-rich phase and the solubility of water in oil phase can be high. This model takes into account the solubility of water in oil phase and the solubility of hydrocarbon components in water-rich phase, using three-phase flash calculations. This simulator can be used in various thermal flooding processes (i.e. hot water or steam injections). Since the simulator was implemented for parallel computers, it is capable of solving large-scale thermal flooding problems. The simulator is successfully validated using analytical solutions. Also, simulations are carried out to compare this model with commercial simulators. The use of an EOS for calculation of various properties for each phase automatically satisfies the thermodynamic consistency requirements. On the other hand, using the K-value approach, which is not thermodynamically robust, may lead to results that are thermodynamically inconsistent. This simulator accurately tracks all components and mass transfer between phases using an EOS; hence, it will produce thermodynamically consistent results and project accurate prediction of thermal recovery processes.
Noise transfer functions of mode-locked semiconductor laser (2010)

The noise behavior of mode-locked semiconductor ring laser, including timing jitter, and pulse energy fluctuation are investigated using the notion of a noise transfer function. Numerical simulation predicts that semiconductor mode-locked lasers have very complex structure in the transfer function which is confirmed experimentally by corresponding noise measurements.
Fiber optic data link for tactical military applications (1982)

A new fiber optic data link has been developed to MIL-STD-810C, for use in military tactical communications systems. This paper will discuss fiber link system specifications and optical transmitter and receiver performance over a wide range of conditions, including: data rate 20-700 kbps, link length 0 to 3.3 km and operating temperature −40°C to +85°C.
Intrinsic dendritic cell abnormalities in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (1998)

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by immune deficiency, eczema, and microthrombocytopenia. Biochemical evidence indicates that the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is involved in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Here we report that WAS dendritic cells (DC) have an immunophenotype very similar to normal DC. However, as a consequence of an intrinsically abnormal cytoarchitecture, they are unable to polarize normally and have severely reduced translocational motility in vitro. These findings indicate that WASp is an essential effector for Cdc-42-mediated polarization of primary hematopoietic cells, and suggest that a significant component of the clinical phenotype of WAS could arise from peripheral DC dysmotility and aberrant immune cell trafficking in vivo. Intrinsic dysfunction of the DC population may also have an important role in the pathogenesis of other primary immunodeficiency syndromes, while induced changes in DC cytoskeletal signaling pathways may contribute to the initiation of acquired immunological and inflammatory disorders.
Fowl aviadenovirus serotype 1 confirmed as the aetiological agent of gizzard erosions in replacement pullets and layer flocks in Great Britain by laboratory and <i>in vivo</i> studies (2017)

An investigation into the aetiology and pathogenesis of adenoviral gizzard erosion has been conducted following three natural outbreaks affecting one flock of 6-week-old replacement pullets and two consecutive placements of free range layers at the age of 21 and 23 weeks. Affected flocks showed increased mortality (0.12-0.30% per week), and gizzard lesions were consistent with fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) involvement. To substantiate the initial findings, a selection of archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gizzard samples from another 12 pullet and layer flocks, for which macroscopic and histopathological diagnosis of the disease were recorded in Great Britain during the period 2009-2016, were also investigated. In situ hybridization (ISH), virology and/or PCR confirmed the presence of FAdV species-A, serotype-1 (FAdV-A, FAdV-1) DNA in gizzard samples of all 15 cases investigated. Co-infections with additional FAdV serotypes including FAdV-8a were detected by serology and/or virology in two of the pullet flocks. However, species-specific in situ hybridization revealed that pathological changes of affected gizzards were only associated with the detection of FAdV-A. A subsequent in vivo study infecting 21-day-old SPF pullets with FAdV-1 or FAdV-8a strains isolated from the 6-week-old replacement pullets revealed characteristic pathomorphological changes only in the gizzards from birds infected with FAdV-1. While infection with FAdV-8a was confirmed by virology and serology, infected SPF birds did not develop pathomorphological changes. Therefore, the aetiological involvement of the isolated FAdV-8a in the development of adenoviral gizzard erosion in commercial pullets has been ruled out.
Formula Supplementation With Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Are There Developmental Benefits? (1998)

We believe that additional research should be undertaken before the introduction of these supplements into standard infant formulas.
Analysis of a scanning pentaprism system for measurements of large flat mirrors (2007)

The optical surface of a large optical flat can be measured using an autocollimator and scanning pentaprism system. The autocollimator measures the slope difference between a point on the mirror and a reference point. Such a system was built and previously operated at the University of Arizona. We discuss refinements that were made to the hardware, the alignment procedure, and the error analysis. The improved system was demonstrated with a 1.6 m flat mirror, which was measured to be flat to 12 nm rms. The uncertainty in the measurement is only 9 nm rms.
Mitigating CO2 Leakage by Immobilizing CO2 into Solid Reaction Products: 13th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT 2016. 14 November 2016 through 18 November 2016 (2017)

In the unlikely case of CO2 leakage from a storage reservoir, it is desirable to close the leak efficiently and permanently. This could be done by injecting a reactive solution into the leak path, thereby immobilizing migrating CO2 by consuming the gas and forming solid reactants. With regard to permanent closure, it is important to consider materials that are stable in the long-term, ensuring permanent CO2 containment. Numerical modelling was applied to assess the feasibility of injecting calcium-rich water as a CO2-reactive solution to form calcite. A scenarios analyses of key parameters showed that the success of leakage remediation can be up to 95% when carefully balancing the injection rate and distance versus the permeability and leakage rate.