gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AID‐based backoff for throughput enhancement in 802.11ah networks (2019)

Summary IEEE 802.11ah is a WiFi standard developed to address requirements associated with the heterogeneous nature of the Internet of Things. It uses the sub‐1 GHz bands to enable long‐range transmissions for low‐power devices. However, long‐range coverage exacerbates the hidden node problem. To mitigate this problem, sectorization and grouping have been proposed by the standard. In this paper, hierarchical clustering and a modified Welsh‐Powell algorithm are combined to create hidden node‐free groups in a sectorized wireless local area network. An analytical model is developed for a deterministic backoff technique that uses association identifiers to set the backoff in order to eliminate collisions. The performance of the deterministic backoff technique is compared with that of existing schemes. Our results show that this approach results in higher throughput and lower latency than other deterministic backoff techniques.
Development of Phase‐Separated Scintillators with Light‐Guiding Properties (2012)

Alkali halide systems that function as phase-separated scintillators (PSSs) with light-guiding properties are sucessfully created. Furthermore, it is the matrix phases of the PSSs which display the light-guiding properties. CsI–NaCl:Tl is a practical material pair because of its high pixel light output and good spatial resolution.
New approach for assessment of potential ethnic differences in parallel phase l/ll studies in the United States and Asia. (2010)

2549 Background: Potential ethnic differences such as drug metabolism between Asian and U.S. patients has been considered one of the major obstacles for simultaneous drug development. To evaluate this, two parallel phase I studies thatincluded pharmacokinetics (PK) assessment were conducted in Korea/Japan (K/J) and the United States using a cMET inhibitor, MK-2461. K/J study has started 3 months after U.S. study. Methods: The phase I designs were essentially identical between the K/J and U.S. studies. They included dose-escalation parts (Parts A/B) with a starting dose at 60mg/day as dose level 1 with a 3+3 design to determine a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and evaluate safety, efficacy, PK profile, and pharmacodynamics (PD). In Part-C, safety, PK, and PD are confirmed with up to 14 patients at the MTD. PD responses were evaluated in all patients treated at pharmacologically relevant doses. The K/J study also included a phase II portion in which MTD was tested in an enriched population of gastric carcinoma patients. In K/J study, clinical information including safety, enrollment plan, and the status of U.S. study was shared in biweekly teleconference among investigators and the sponsor. Results: The drug was found to be generally well tolerated in both studies and the MTD was not reached up to dose levels 7 and 5 in the K/J and U.S. studies, respectively. Part-C was not conducted due to early study discontinuation. There were no observed differences in the PK profile and safety between K/J and U.S. patients up to dose levels 5 (300 mg BID). In the patient recruitment of K/J study, 26 patients were enrolled in Part-A/B with 3-7 patients each at dose levels 1 to 7 for 15 months while in U.S. study, 23 patients were enrolled at dose levels 1 to 5 for 19 months. On average, enrollment for each dose level cohort was achieved within 2 weeks under effective collaboration and frequent communication with investigators in K/J. Conclusions: Performing an interstudy PK comparison of parallel phase I studies in Asia and the United States may be one option to evaluate the potential for ethnic differences in oncology drug development since PK profile and the other parameters can be compared at each dose level. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Banyu Pharmaceutical, Merck Merck Merck Merck
Handover in IP RAN (2004)

This paper discusses the effects of IP RAN to the handover, which is the key functionality of the radio resource management (RRM), to demonstrate the advantages of IP RAN. It takes Nokia's PORAN scheme as an example of IP RAN to do the discussion. Through the analysis on the effects of IP RAN to the soft/softer handover and CRRM (common radio resource management) functionality in the inter-system handover, we demonstrate the significance of the IP RAN and its many advantages. We more and more believe that the IP RAN will be the key step for the evolution to the future end-to-end all-IP network.
Thermal management of a low-cost 2kW solar inverter (2014)

This paper presents a cost-optimized thermal solution for a 2kW solar inverter. It relies on a natural convection and through-PCB thermal strategy to increase reliability and reduce cost. A methodology is described to optimize the heat-sink, as well as thermal interfaces, with the analytical approach confirmed by finite element analysis. An experimental set-up is used to validate the methodology.
A Smart Microrobot on Chip: Design, Identification, and Control (2004)

This paper deals with the microrobot on chip (MOC) concept which corresponds to the development of compact, inexpensive, and easily "plug and use" microrobotic components (as it is the usual case with electronic chips). A first prototype of a 6 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) piezoelectric micromanipulator MOC (MMOC) illustrates this concept: one scanning piezostage can move the gripper in x-y axes and the piezoelectric microgripper itself has two y-z DOF per finger. An embedded optical fiber connected to a CCD camera and a force self-sensing system allowing force feedback. The first prototype of MMOC is electrically and mechanically connected to a smartcard reader. In order to be able to manipulate safely and accurately micro-objects, a force/position closed-loop controller is proposed taking into account the static and dynamic behavior of the microgripper. Hysteresis compensation is obtained through Preisach model and then an adaptive inverse control method is employed for open-loop control strategy. Numerical and experimental results which validate the theoretical developments are presented.
Initial recommendations for performing, benchmarking, and reporting single-cell proteomics experiments (2022)

Analyzing proteins from single cells by tandem mass spectrometry (MS) has become technically feasible. While such analysis has the potential to accurately quantify thousands of proteins across thousands of single cells, the accuracy and reproducibility of the results may be undermined by numerous factors affecting experimental design, sample preparation, data acquisition, and data analysis. Broadly accepted community guidelines and standardized metrics will enhance rigor, data quality, and alignment between laboratories. Here we propose best practices, quality controls, and data reporting recommendations to assist in the broad adoption of reliable quantitative workflows for single-cell proteomics.
Systematic Assessment of Color Removal Following Vital Bleaching of Intrinsically Stained Teeth (1985)

Various treatment variables associated with a standard bleaching technique were systematically recorded in 53 individuals exhibiting intrinsic discoloration of permanent teeth. These variables (predictors) included: (1) etiology (fluoride or tetracycline); (2) age of the patient; (3) the presented color of the stain; (4) the intensity of that color; (5) a long versus short bleaching time technique; and (6) the number of bleaching sessions. These were assessed as to their relationship with the results of treatment (dependent variable). The findings of a multiple regression analysis revealed that the contributions of the individual predictors were significantly different between those stains caused by tetracycline ingestion (N = 27) and those stains due to fluoride ingestion (N = 20). The analysis also revealed that those variables contributing to a significant proportion of the variance in results of treatment when tetracycline was the cause were: (1) the color of the stain and (2) the number of bleaching sessions. When fluoride was apparently the causal agent: (1) the bleaching time technique; (2) age of the patient; (3) color of the stain; and (4) the number of bleaching sessions contributed to a significant proportion of the variance in the results of treatment.
Cover Picture: Closing the Gap Between Self‐Assembly and Microsystems Using Self‐Assembly, Transfer, and Integration of Particles (Adv. Mater. 20/2005) (2005)

Abstract The cover shows 100 μm diameter glass spheres covered by a grid of hexagonally packed polystyrene beads. Wolf and co‐workers placed the 500 nm diameter polystyrene beads onto the larger spheres using the self‐assembly, transfer, and integration (SATI) process that they report on p. 2438. The cover illustrates the capability of SATI to process uneven surfaces in addition to the planar substrates discussed in the article. The carrier that holds the smaller beads deforms during their transfer onto the larger spheres, so that on the larger spheres patterned “caps” are formed. Using this process, which is compatible with standard microfabrication techniques, a variety of particle assemblies can be achieved.
Characteristics of false positive findings in CT colonography CAD: a comparison of two fecal tagging regimens (2009)

The successful application of Computer Aided Detection schemes to CT Colonography depends not only on their performances in terms of sensitivity and specificity, but also on the interaction with the radiologist, and thus ultimately on factors such as the nature of CAD prompts and the reading paradigm. Fecal tagging is emerging as a widely accepted technique for patient preparation, and patient-friendlier schemes are being proposed in an effort to increase compliance to screening programs; the interaction between CAD and FT regimens should likewise be taken into account. In this scenario, an analysis of the characteristics of CAD prompts is of paramount importance in order to guide further research, both from clinical and technical viewpoints. The CAD scheme analyzed in this paper is essentially composed of five steps: electronic cleansing, colon surface extraction, polyp candidate segmentation, pre-filtering of residual tagged stool and classification of the generated candidates in true polyps vs. false alarms. False positives were divided into six categories: untagged and tagged solid stool, haustral folds, extra-colonic candidates, ileocecal valve and cleansing artifacts. A full cathartic preparation was compared with a semi-cathartic regimen with sameday fecal tagging, which is characterized by higher patient acceptance but also higher inhomogeneity. The distribution of false positives at segmentation reflects the quality of preparation, as more inhomogeneous tagging results in a higher number of untagged solid stool and cleansing artifacts.
Extension of Two Signal Spur Free Dynamic Range of Wideband Digital Receivers using Kaiser Window and Compensation Method (2006)

A technique of using the Kaiser window to reduce the spectral leakage by eliminating the discontinuities at the time window edges and using the compensation method to uncover the weak signal for extension of the two signal spur free dynamic range (SFDR) for a wideband digital receivers is presented. The combination of both techniques extends the two signal SFDR of the receiver to 24 db.
Protection against Anthrax Toxemia by Hexa- <scp>d</scp> -Arginine In Vitro and In Vivo (2003)

The anthrax toxin protective antigen precursor is activated by proteolytic cleavage by furin or a furin-like protease. We present here data demonstrating that the small stable furin inhibitor hexa-D-arginine amide delays anthrax toxin-induced toxemia both in cells and in live animals, suggesting that furin inhibition may represent a reasonable avenue for therapeutic intervention in anthrax.
Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease (2007)

Epidemiology Dyslipidemia, especially hypercholesterolemia, is a major key modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death in the United States. About one-third of Americans have an elevated total cholesterol, and less than half of patients who would qualify for drug therapy take any prescription drug to reduce cholesterol.
Evidence for the<i>in Vitro</i>Bioactivation of Aminopyrazole Derivatives: Trapping Reactive Aminopyrazole Intermediates Using Glutathione Ethyl Ester in Human Liver Microsomes (2015)

Drug-induced toxicity is a leading cause of drug withdrawal from clinical development and clinical use and represents a major impediment to the development of new drugs. The mechanisms underlying drug-induced toxicities are varied; however, metabolic bioactivation to form reactive metabolites has been identified as a major contributor.1,2 These electrophilic species can covalently modify important biological macromolecules and thereby increase the risk of adverse drug reactions or idiosyncratic toxicity. Consequently, screening compounds for their propensity to form reactive metabolites has become an integral part of drug discovery programs. This screening process typically involves identification of structural alerts as well as the generation of reactive metabolites in vitro in subcellular hepatic fractions, followed by trapping the reactive species with nucleophiles and characterization via LC-MS. This article presents evidence for the bioactivation of a series of aminopyrazole derivatives via LC-MS detection of glutathione ethyl ester-trapped reactive intermediates formed in human liver microsomal incubations. These results indicate that the aminopyrazole motif, within specific contexts, may be considered a new structural alert for the potential formation of reactive metabolites.
Clusters and security: distributed security for distributed systems (2005)

Large-scale commodity clusters are used in an increasing number of domains: academic, research, and industrial environments. At the same time, these clusters are exposed to an increasing number of attacks coming from public networks. Therefore, mechanisms for efficiently and flexibly managing security have now become an essential requirement for clusters. However, despite the growing importance of cluster security, this field has been only minimally addressed by contemporary cluster administration techniques. This paper presents a high-level view of existing security challenges related to clusters and proposes a structured approach for handling security in clustered servers. The goal of this paper is to identify various necessarily-distributed security services and their related characteristics as a means of enhancing cluster security.
Флюоресцентная диагностика предопухолевой и опухолевой патологии эндометрия (2016)

The technique of fluorescence hysteroscopy with Alasens includes visual assessment of fluorescence of Alasens-induced protoporphyrin IX and local fluorescence spectroscopy. The technique allows to improve the efficacy of early diagnosis for endometrial pathology including early endometrial cancer, to assess definitely an extent of pre-tumor and tumor process. The sensitivity of fluorescence hysteroscopy accounts for 100%, the specificity – 98%.
Mesophase structures of solid poly( <i>N</i> ‐alkylacrylamides) as revealed by SAXS (1999)

Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on films of poly(N-alkylacrylamides) with various chain lengths reveals that these well known polymers exhibit a microphase-separated solid-state structure with liquid crystalline order. Analysis of the phase morphology in dependence on the alkyl side chain length results in the following scenario: For the C8 and C10 tail, the microphases are just weakly developed and quantitative analysis of the broad scattering peak reveals an ill-defined structure without sharp phase boundaries. For the C12 and C14 derivative, we found a well developed mesophase, which shows a number of scattering peaks and cannot be related to any classical phase morphology. For these two materials, a phase model is developed on the base of a new technique of quantitative evaluation of the X-ray data. Poly(N-hexadecylacrylamide) and poly(N-octadecylacrylamide) exhibit lamellar morphologies with low long range order. Poly(N-octadecylacrylamide) obtained by polymerization instead of polymer reaction exhibits a different phase morphology which resembles the so-called sponge-like phase. The different phase morphologies are also reflected in the thermal behavior where the sponge phase shows a lower melting point and melting enthalpy of the side chains than the lamellar mesophases, regardless of the longer alkyl chains involved in this system.
C4‘-Spiroalkylated Nucleosides Having Sulfur Incorporated at the Apex Position (2003)

Methodology based on the concept of thionium ion-initiated pinacolic ring expansion has been developed for accessing C4'-spirocyclic thionucleosides. The readily available racemic ketones 6 and 37 are conveniently resolved via their acetals with (R)-mandelic acid. Subsequent reactions beginning with utilization of the Pummerer rearrangement lend themselves to functionalization of the spirocyclic core and ultimately incorporation of the nucleosidic bases. Limitations to this strategy are pointed out. Acquisition of the alpha- and beta-isomers at C4' is equally facile. Absolute configurational assignments have been made possible by X-ray crystallography.
Expression sequences and distribution of two primary cell adhesion molecules during embryonic development of Xenopus laevis. (1987)

Studies of chicken embryos have demonstrated that cell adhesion molecules are important in embryonic induction and are expressed in defined sequences during embryogenesis and histogenesis. To extend these observations and to provide comparable evidence for heterochronic changes in such sequences during evolution, the local distributions of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) and of the liver cell adhesion molecule (L-CAM) were examined in Xenopus laevis embryos by immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. Because of the technical difficulties presented by the existence of multiple polypeptide forms of CAMs and by autofluorescence of yolk-containing cells, special care was taken in choosing and characterizing antibodies, fluorophores, and embedding procedures. Both N-CAM and L-CAM were found at low levels in pregastrulation embryos. During gastrulation, N-CAM levels increased in the presumptive neural epithelium and decreased in the endoderm, but L-CAM continued to be expressed in all cells including endodermal cells. During neurulation, the level of N-CAM expression in the neural ectoderm increased considerably, while remaining constant in non-neural ectoderm and diminishing in the somites; in the notochord, N-CAM was expressed transiently. Prevalence modulation was also seen at all sites of secondary induction: both CAMs increased in the sensory layer of the ectoderm during condensation of the placodes. During organogenesis, the expression of L-CAM gradually diminished in the nervous system while N-CAM expression remained high. In all other organs examined, the amount of one or the other CAM decreased, so that by stage 50 these two molecules were expressed in non-overlapping territories. Embryonic and adult tissues were compared to search for concordance of CAM expression at later stages. With few exceptions, the tissue distributions of N-CAM and L-CAM were similar in the frog and in the chicken from early times of development. In contrast to previous observations in the chicken and in the mouse, N-CAM expression was found to be high in the adult liver of Xenopus, whereas L-CAM expression was low. In the adult brain, N-CAM was expressed as three components of apparent molecular mass 180, 140, and 120 kD, respectively; in earlier stages of development only the 140-kD component could be detected. In the liver, a single N-CAM band appears at 160 kD, raising the possibility that this band represents an unusual N-CAM polypeptide. L-CAM appeared at all stages as a 124-kD molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Clarification of Funding of Early Lung Cancer Study (2008)

To the Editor: In our article1 published in the October 26, 2006, issue of the Journal, one of the disclosed sources of funding was the Foundation for Lung Cancer: Early Detection, Prevention and Treatment, which provided partial support for our research. For full transparency we wish to inform you that $3.6 million (virtually all of the Foundation's funding) was contributed in 2000 through 2003 as an unrestricted gift by the Vector Group, the parent company of Liggett Tobacco, which manufactures cigarettes.
A High-Capacity, Reversible Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier: H<sub>2</sub>-Release Properties and an Application to a Fuel Cell (2018)

Hydrogen storage in the form of a liquid chemical is an important issue that can bridge the gap between sustainable hydrogen production and utilization with a fuel cell, which is one of the essential sectors in the hydrogen economy. Herein, the application of a potential liquid organic hydrogen carrier, consisting of biphenyl and diphenylmethane, is demonstrated as a safe and economical hydrogen storage material. The presented material is capable of a reversible storage and release of molecular hydrogen with 6.9 wt % and 60 g-H2 L–1 of gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities, respectively, presenting superior properties as a hydrogen carrier. Equilibrium conversion and the required enthalpies of dehydrogenation are calculated using a density functional theory. Experimentally, dehydrogenation conversion of greater than 99% is achieved, producing molecular hydrogen with greater than 99.9% purity, with negligible side reactions; this is further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Less than 1% of the material is lost after cyclic tests of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation were conducted consecutively nine times. Finally, a dehydrogenation system is designed and operated in conjunction with a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell that can generate greater than 0.5 kW of electrical power in a continuous manner, proving its capability as a promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier.
Functional Consequences of Mutations in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2021)

Driver mutations occur in Janus kinase 2 (<i>JAK2</i>), thrombopoietin receptor (<i>MPL</i>), and calreticulin (<i>CALR</i>) in BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). From mutations leading to one amino acid substitution in JAK2 or MPL, to frameshift mutations in CALR resulting in a protein with a different C-terminus, all the mutated proteins lead to pathologic and persistent JAK2-STAT5 activation. The most prevalent mutation, JAK2 V617F, is associated with the 3 entities polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF), while <i>CALR</i> and <i>MPL</i> mutations are associated only with ET and MF. Triple negative ET and MF patients may harbor noncanonical mutations in <i>JAK2</i> or <i>MPL</i>. One major fundamental question is whether the conformations of JAK2 V617F, MPL W515K/L/A, or CALR mutants differ from those of their wild type counterparts so that a specific treatment could target the clone carrying the mutated driver and spare physiological hematopoiesis. Of great interest, a set of epigenetic mutations can co-exist with the phenotypic driver mutations in 35%-40% of MPNs. These epigenetic mutations, such as <i>TET2</i>, <i>EZH2</i>, <i>ASXL1</i>, or <i>DNMT3A</i> mutations, promote clonal hematopoiesis and increased fitness of aged hematopoietic stem cells in both clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and MPNs. Importantly, the main MPN driver mutation JAK2 V617F is also associated with CHIP. Accumulation of several epigenetic and splicing mutations favors progression of MPNs to secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Another major fundamental question is how epigenetic rewiring due to these mutations interacts with persistent JAK2-STAT5 signaling. Answers to these questions are required for better therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing progression of ET and PV to MF, and transformation of these MPNs in secondary acute myeloid leukemia.