gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colorectal Cancer Screening: Recommendations for Physicians and Patients from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer (2017)

This document updates the colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations of the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force of Colorectal Cancer (MSTF), which represents the American College of Gastroenterology, the American Gastroenterological Association, and The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. CRC screening tests are ranked in 3 tiers based on performance features, costs, and practical considerations. The first-tier tests are colonoscopy every 10 years and annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Colonoscopy and FIT are recommended as the cornerstones of screening regardless of how screening is offered. Thus, in a sequential approach based on colonoscopy offered first, FIT should be offered to patients who decline colonoscopy. Colonoscopy and FIT are recommended as tests of choice when multiple options are presented as alternatives. A risk-stratified approach is also appropriate, with FIT screening in populations with an estimated low prevalence of advanced neoplasia and colonoscopy screening in high prevalence populations. The second-tier tests include CT colonography every 5 years, the FIT-fecal DNA test every 3 years, and flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 to 10 years. These tests are appropriate screening tests, but each has disadvantages relative to the tier 1 tests. Because of limited evidence and current obstacles to use, capsule colonoscopy every 5 years is a third-tier test. We suggest that the Septin9 serum assay (Epigenomics, Seattle, Wash) not be used for screening. Screening should begin at age 50 years in average-risk persons, except in African Americans in whom limited evidence supports screening at 45 years. CRC incidence is rising in persons under age 50, and thorough diagnostic evaluation of young persons with suspected colorectal bleeding is recommended. Discontinuation of screening should be considered when persons up to date with screening, who have prior negative screening (particularly colonoscopy), reach age 75 or have <10 years of life expectancy. Persons without prior screening should be considered for screening up to age 85, depending on age and comorbidities. Persons with a family history of CRC or a documented advanced adenoma in a first-degree relative age <60 years or 2 first-degree relatives with these findings at any age are recommended to undergo screening by colonoscopy every 5 years, beginning 10 years before the age at diagnosis of the youngest affected relative or age 40, whichever is earlier. Persons with a single first-degree relative diagnosed at ≥60 years with CRC or an advanced adenoma can be offered average-risk screening options beginning at age 40 years.
Efficacy and Safety of Short- and Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists on a Background of Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis (2020)

Long-acting GLP-1 RAs more effectively reduced HbA<sub>1c</sub> (∆ -6 mmol/mol [95% CI -10; -2], <i>P</i> = 0.007), fasting plasma glucose (∆ -0.7 mmol/L [-1.2; -0.3], <i>P</i> = 0.007), and body weight (∆ -1.4 kg [-2.2; -0.6], <i>P</i> = 0.002) and raised the proportion of patients achieving an HbA<sub>1c</sub> target <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) (<i>P</i> = 0.03) more than the short-acting ones. Patients reporting symptomatic (<i>P</i> = 0.048) but not severe (<i>P</i> = 0.96) hypoglycemia were fewer with long- versus short-acting GLP-1 RAs added to insulin. A lower proportion of patients reported nausea (-52%, <i>P</i> < 0.0001) or vomiting (-36%, <i>P</i> = 0.0002) with long-acting GLP-1 RAs. Overall, GLP-1 RAs improved HbA<sub>1c</sub>, fasting plasma glucose, and body weight when added to basal insulin. However, long-acting GLP-1 RAs were significantly more effective for glycemic and body weight control and displayed better gastrointestinal tolerability.
Supplemental Table and Figures from Suppression of Lymphocyte Functions by Plasma Exosomes Correlates with Disease Activity in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;'Supp. Table 1 shows clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Supp. Fig. 1 shows Densitometry measurements. Supp. Fig. 2 shows No correlation between FasL expression &amp; Annexin V binding.'&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of Temperature on Laser Shock Induced Plastic Deformation: The Case of Copper (2010)

Laser shock induced plastic deformation has been used widely, such as laser shock peening (LSP), laser dynamic forming (LDF), and laser peen forming. These processes have been extensively studied both numerically and experimentally at room temperature. Recently, it is found that at elevated temperature, laser shock induced plastic deformation can generate better formability in LDF and enhanced mechanical properties in LSP. For example, warm laser shock peening leads to improved residual stress stability and better fatigue performance in aluminum alloys. There is a need to investigate the effects of elevated temperature on deformation behavior of metallic materials during shock induced high strain rate deformation. In this study, LSP of copper are selected to systematically study the effects of elevated temperature in shock induced high strain rate deformation. Finite element modeling (FEM) is used to predict the deformation behavior. The FEM simulation results of surface profile and residual stress distribution after LSP are validated by experimental results. The validated FEM simulation is used to study the effects of temperature on the plastic deformation behaviors during LSP, such as plastic affected zone, stress/strain distribution, and energy absorption.
Photovoltaic energy integration laboratory and experiments (2014)

A laboratory for education in modeling and integration of photovoltaic energy sources has been developed at the United States Military Academy. The primary purpose of this lab is to support a new Alternative Energy Engineering course and undergraduate capstone/research projects. The lab consists of a PV array, battery bank, maximum power point tracking charge controller, an inverter for local AC loads, grid interconnection, and programmable AC/DC electronic loads. The laboratory supports isolated testing and characterization of PV panels in addition to grid-tied or microgrid operation with energy storage. Additionally, load control, automatic acquisition, processing, and logging of data are accomplished with a combination of commercially available software and custom developed LabVIEW software. The following will be presented in this paper: i) the laboratory design, setup, and capabilities, ii) data acquisition iii) data processing, load control and integration, and iv) sample experiments and results.
Influence of Epitaxial Layer on SiC Schottky Diode Gas Sensors Operated under High-Temperature Conditions (2002)

Schottky diode gas sensors were fabricated on top of the epitaxial layer grown by three different methods, purchased from Cree Research Inc., by hot wall CVD, or by sublimation at a high growth rate. The epitaxial layers have different thickness and doping. The current-voltage characteristics of the gas sensors were compared in different gas ambient during operation in the high temperature region. The temperature dependence of the series resistance of the diodes revealed two types of carrier scattering mechanisms, impurity scattering for the sublimation epitaxial layer at 300-400degreesC and at 400-600degreesC, lattice scattering for all diodes. The ideality factor of the diode fabricated on the Cree substrate is higher than others. The higher ideality factor gives rise to a larger forward voltage change for a change in gas ambient. The amount of change in barrier height caused by a change in the ambient gas is almost the same for the three types of diodes. The value of the barrier height of the diode grown by the sublimation method is lower than for the others, which gives a higher reverse saturation current at temperatures above 400degreesC. The largest saturation current also shows the largest current change when switching between different gas atmospheres.
Free-electron laser gain without bunching (1989)

It is possible to obtain gain from a free-electron laser without spatially bunching the electrons, and several mechanisms are analyzed for accomplishing this. The effect can be particularly important for low-quality beams, both for providing gain and increasing efficiency.
Guiding of intense femtosecond pulses in preformed plasma channels (1997)

We report guiding of sub-100-fs pulses at intensities up to 5x10(15) W/cm (2) over a distance of 1 cm in a preformed plasma channel. The width of the guided pulse was shortened, which we attribute to ionization-induced refraction at the channel entrance. A pulse energy throughput of 30% in the lowest-order was measured.
Association of SNP in the IL-4, IL-18 and eotaxin genes with asthma in a Jordanian population (2008)

The association of polymorphisms in IL-4 (Th2 cytokine), IL-18 (Th1 cytokine) and eotaxin (eosinophil chemoattractant) with asthma and allergic diseases genes is thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to reveal the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-4 (-590C>T), IL-18 (-137G>C), and eotaxin (-384A>G) genes and their possible association with asthma in Jordanian population. Results showed that GG homozygous genotype of the eotaxin gene promoter at -384 position as will as the frequency of the mutant allele were significantly higher among asthma patients compared to control subjects. However, no significant differences in either the genotype distribution or the allelic frequencies of the IL-4 and IL-18 gene polymorphism were observed between asthma patients and controls. From the genotypes of IL-4, IL-18 and eotaxin polymorphisms, 27 genotypes were deduced, of which only 13 combinations appeared in the study. The genotype combination frequencies of asthma patients are quite similar to those observed in healthy controls. Only the genotype combination CT GG GG which is composed of the heterozygous genotype of IL-4 CT, the normal genotype of IL-18 GG and the homozygous genotype of eotaxin GG was preferentially transmitted to the asthmatic children. The results of this study suggest a possible association of asthma with the eotaxin -384A>G. Moreover, the genotype combination CT GG GG, may be one of the factors that participate in the pathogenesis of asthma or its intermediary phenotypes.
Investigation of Transferred-Arc Cleaning for Thin Film Removal (1999)

Abstract Transferred-arc cleaning and roughening as discussed in the patent by Muhlberger is often used as a surface preparation method prior to low pressure plasma spray (LPPS) deposition of coatings. In this article, electrically transmitted arc cleaning is investigated as a precision cleaning method for thin films lubricating substrates as well as traditional cleaning and roughening for LPPS. A Box-Behnken reaction surface construction test is carried out with variation of the chamber pressure, the substrate distance and the torch current taking into account the transferred arc voltage, the voltage fluctuation, the current, the emitted light, and the surface cleanliness. The results of the analysis show the effect of the various independent quantities on the measured responses. Different stages in the cleaning process are determined by their sample cleanliness, their voltage level, their voltage fluctuation, their emitted light and their rate of erosion. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
A design and analysis tool for underactuated compliant hands (2009)

Highly underactuated and passively adaptive robotic hands have shown great promise for robust performance in unstructured settings. In order to fully realize this potential, efficient tools are needed to analyze the execution of a grasp when using this class of devices. Along this line, this paper introduces a quasistatic analysis method for underactuated hands. First, we predict whether initial contacts between the fingers and the object are stable throughout the execution of a grasp, or the fingers will slip as the hand closes. Second, we compute the unbalanced forces applied to the object during the grasping process. Finally, once the grasp is complete, we analyze its stability as actuator forces are increased. These computations are performed in 3D, allow arbitrary kinematic structure of the fingers or geometry of the target object and take into account frictional constraints. We discuss applications of this method focusing on both on-line computation to execute a specific grasping task and off-line optimization to increase the range of grasps that can be performed using a given hand model.
Phase Ib dose-escalation study of the selective, non-covalent, reversible Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor vecabrutinib in B-cell malignancies (2021)

Phase Ib dose-escalation study of the selective, noncovalent, reversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase
The Development of a Social Networking�Based Relatedness Intervention Among Young, First-Time Blood Donors: Pilot Study (Preprint) (2017)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Increasing repeat blood donation behavior is a critical public health goal. According to self-determination theory, the process of developing internal motivation to give blood and an associated self-identity as a blood donor may be promoted by feelings of “relatedness” or a connection to other donors, which may be enhanced through social relations and interactions. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The purpose of this report it to describe the development and pilot testing of a social networking-based (Facebook) intervention condition designed to increase feelings of relatedness via virtual social interaction and support. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> To develop the intervention condition content, images, text, polls, and video content were assembled. Ohio University college students (N=127) rated the content (82 images/text) presented by computer in random order using a scale of one to five on various dimensions of relatedness. Mean ratings were calculated and analyses of variance were conducted to assess associations among the dimensions. Based on these results, the relatedness intervention was adapted and evaluated for feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy among 24 first-time donors, aged 18 to 24 years, in a 30-day pilot trial. Paired t-tests were conducted to examine change over time in relatedness and connectedness. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The intervention condition that was developed was acceptable and feasible. Results of the uncontrolled, preintervention, and postintervention evaluation revealed that feelings of individual-level relatedness increased significantly after the intervention. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> By promoting first-time blood donor relatedness, our goal is to enhance internal motivation for donating and the integration of the blood donor identity, thus increasing the likelihood of future repeat donation. </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02717338; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02717338 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6ymHRBCwu) </sec>
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: An Atypical Phenotype in Brothers with a Proven<i>BBS1</i>Mutation (2008)

Although neither proband fulfilled the typical criteria for BBS, this diagnosis was confirmed on mutation analysis. These cases serve to highlight the degree of clinical variability observed in BBS which may be under-diagnosed in patients with milder phenotypes.
New design tools for material and process selection (2000)

Recent developments in systematic methods for material and process selection for structural design are presented. They address the questions of multiple design elements selection, of multiple constraints and multiple objectives design, and of searching for applications. The methods presented here have been implemented in a software.
A Regional Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Approach and its Application on Solar Photovoltaic (2017)

This paper proposes a sustainability assessment method which incorporating life cycle approach and sustainability theory. Northeast region of England is chosen as a case study. The assessment examines the sustainability of regional solar photovoltaic deployment in three categories: techno-economic, environmental and social impacts.
Diagonalization of the Light Cone QCD<sub>4</sub> Mass Operator in a Ladder Quarkonium Basis (1992)

QCD4 quantized on the light-cone is cast into discretized form by placing the system in a box of finite extent in the x- and transverse directions. In the resulting cutoff theory the quark and gluon field operator expansions are truncated to finite numbers of longitudinal and transverse modes. For a basis of the type {|q\barq>, |q\barqG>}, corresponding to a light-cone ladder approximation with fermion self-energy insertions, vertex corrections and non-planar effects, the necessary matrix elements for the construction of the normal ordered mass matrix are derived. The lowest eigenvalues of this matrix are found numerically using the Lanczos algorithm. We have studied the behaviour of the ground-state of the system as a function of the coupling constant for various cutoffs and quark masses. In all cases studied the ground state remains below the 2m threshold and eventually becomes tachyonic at some critical coupling, depending on the basis type and quark mass.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE PROTOCOL AFTER LUNG TRANSPLANTATION1 (1999)

Tac-based immunosuppressive therapy results in a lower rate of acute rejection after pulmonary transplantation, with similar infection rates and a slightly higher incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus compared with CsA-based therapy.
Using Experimental Fluid Dynamics and Computational Fluid Dynamics for Evaluating Periodic Mixing (2018)

Periodic mixing using pulse jet mixers is being developed and applied for processing unique slurries of radioactive waste that depending upon the slurry properties may possess either Newtonian or non-Newtonian characteristics. To investigate the performance of these mixing systems, scaled experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) experiments have been conducted and in addition, for certain investigations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been applied. The purpose of this paper is to describe the periodic mixing processes, elaborate regarding the types of scaled experiments that were conducted, and present examples of computational investigations conducted to further define the mixing system performance. The experimental investigations showed the ability to track visual metrics such as cloud height and cavern size. The computational investigations demonstrated the ability to model full-scale experiments with Newtonian slurries.
Dolaflexin: A Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Platform Featuring High Drug Loading and a Controlled Bystander Effect (2021)

After significant effort over the last 30 years, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have recently gained momentum as a therapeutic modality, and nine ADCs have been approved by the FDA to date, with additional ADCs in late stages of development. Here, we introduce dolaflexin, a novel ADC technology that overcomes key limitations of the most common ADC platforms with two key features: a higher drug-to-antibody ratio and a novel auristatin with a controlled bystander effect. The novel, cell permeable payload, auristatin F-hydroxypropylamide, undergoes metabolic conversion to the highly potent, but less cell permeable auristatin F to balance the bystander effect through drug trapping within target cells. We conducted studies in mice, rats, and cynomolgus monkeys to complement <i>in vitro</i> characterization and contrasted the performance of dolaflexin with regard to antitumor activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety in comparison with the ADC platform utilized in the approved ADC ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). A HER2-targeted dolaflexin ADC was shown to have a much lower threshold of antigen expression for potent cell killing <i>in vitro</i>, was effective <i>in vivo</i> in tumors with low HER2 expression, and induced tumor regressions in a xenograft model that is resistant to T-DM1.
Combined Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy and Single-Event Multilevel Surgery in a Child with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report (2021)

Multidisciplinary teams may consider combined SDR/SEMLS for management of spasticity, gait impairment, and contracture in carefully selected patients with spastic CP.
Project history as a group memory : learning from the past (2009)

New members of software development teams must come up-to-speed on a large amount of information before becoming productive, even if they have previous software development experience. Often, this knowledge is gained through mentoring: an experienced colleague monitors the newcomer's progress on his or her first assigned tasks, and provides feedback and advice. The mentor is the person the newcomer turns to for help when stuck; these interactions are typically informal and lightweight, such as quick questions asked over the cubicle divider or at the water cooler. However, these light-weight channels are not always available in virtual teams, where the members of the team are not collocated. Moreover, workers are less likely to help their non-collocated colleagues, making it even harder for a newcomer to come up to speed on a project. The thesis of this dissertation is based on the idea that the collection of all artifacts created in the course of development of a software system implicitly forms a group memory—a repository of information that a work group can use to benefit from its past experience to respond more effectively to the present needs. I call this implicitly-formed group memory a project memory and make three claims: (1) that newcomer software developers can use information from the project memory about past modifications completed on the project to help them effectively perform modification tasks to the system; (2) that the project memory can be built largely automatically, requiring minimal adjustments in work practices of software developers; and (3) that the automatically-built group memory can recommend artifacts useful to the current modification task. To validate the claims of this thesis, I have developed a project memory model and associated tool, called Hipikat, that recommends relevant artifacts from the memory during a software modification task. This dissertation describes the memory model, the implementation of Hipikat, and its use in a series of case studies to validate the thesis claims.
Drawing Temperature-Dependent Mechanical Properties of Poly(glycolic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate) Films (2022)

The application of biocompostable poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) is hindered by the conflict between its strength and ductility. In this work, we address an effective strategy to obtain designable strength and ductility of PGA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) films by tuning the drawing temperature. At low temperatures (35–40 °C), the poor chain mobility leads to a predominance of stress-induced amorphous chain orientation rather than relaxation and crystallization, and the drawn films exhibit high tensile strength (145 MPa) with remarkable strain hardening. Then, the chain relaxation becomes pronounced due to the increased chain mobility at a temperature range of 45–50 °C, resulting in a low orientation, low crystallinity, and consequently high ductility (elongation at break of 320%). At the high temperature region (55–60 °C), further enhanced chain mobility facilitates the formation of oriented PGA crystallites, which restrict chain relaxation and provide more strengthened elements. As a result, PGA-based films with excellent strength, stiffness, and ductility (e.g., 103 MPa, 2800 MPa, and 220%, respectively) are achieved. Therefore, this work provides an effective route to tune the mechanical properties of PGA materials, and in principle it should be applicable to other semicrystalline polymeric systems as well.