gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Hr-MAS NMR spectroscopy for the differentiation of species from Vaccinium by NMR (2014)

The genus Vaccinium contains approximately 450 species including bilberry, blueberry, cranberry, lingonberry, and huckleberry. The fruit of Vaccinium are widely eaten and touted for their health benefits, attributed to antioxidants and micronutrients. Blueberry leaf extract is a traditional Cree medicine, believed to have anti-diabetic properties. Extracts from Vaccinium plants are commonly added to foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. Given their widespread use in humans, it is important to have methods to verify the identity and purity of Vaccinium extracts. It has been demonstrated that extracts of Vaccinium leaf material can be evaluated using high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using liquid state analysis to determine the species of plant material used and the quantity and identity of key components. In many cases, it would be relevant to identify plant material from the ground state (intact blueberry leaves) prior to undergoing chemical extraction. High resolution Magic Angle Spinning (Hr-MAS) is capable of providing high resolution NMR spectra from materials in a semi-solid state. This work is a feasibility study to evaluate the suitability of Hr-MAS methods on plant leaf material for use in NMR profiling studies. Comparisons of NMR results between the direct plant material and the extract will be made.
A critical overview of the catalytic potential of zeolite supported metal complexes (1994)

Abstract This paper reviews some important items for the design of new zeolite‐metal complex supramolecules. After an overview of the synthesis methods for these systems, complexation reactions inside zeolites are discussed in detail. The last part is focused on the effects of encapsulation on the reactivity of the complexes.
Surface flaw healing during fiber drawing (1987)

There have been a number of studies which have shown the necessity of drawing some types of optical fiber at high tensions to achieve the lowest losses.1–3 However, questions have been raised as to the effect of high draw tensions or low draw temperatures on the strength of optical fibers. Kobayashi et al.4 measured fiber strengths as a function of draw temperature for several preform rods which were subjected to a variety of surface treatments prior to drawing. They concluded that the tensile strength of the fiber depends on the condition of the preform surface as well as the fiber draw temperature. Tariyal and Kallsh5 found that preforms subjected to surface damage can cause reductions of fiber strength in certain draw conditions. DiMarcello et al.6 found that the strength of fiber drawn from fire-polished synthetic silica rod was degraded when drawn at low speeds and relatively high tensions. Since draw tension is determined by both the furnace temperature and draw speed, the purpose of this study is to separate the effects of each on fiber strength and gain some understanding of the extent of flaw healing which can occur during fiber drawing.
Design choices in the SHRIMP system: an empirical study (1998)

The SHRIMP cluster-computing system has progressed to a point of relative maturity; a variety of applications are running on a 16-node system. We have enough experience to understand what we did right and wrong in designing and building the system. In this paper we discuss some of the lessons we learned about computer architecture, and about the challenges involved in building a significant working system in an academic research environment. We evaluate significant design choices by modifying the network interface firmware and the system software in order to empirically compare our design to other approaches.
Treatment of corneal xerophthalmia in rabbits with micromolar doses of topical retinoic acid (1987)

Several reports have appeared on the efficacy of topically applied 0.01% or 0.1% all-trans retinoic acid (0.04-0.4 millimolar) for treatment of xerophthalmia, conjunctival squamous metaplasia, and corneal epithelial erosions in humans and animals. An observation common to many of these studies is the occurrence of an adverse reaction to retinoic acid in the form of lid margin hyperemia and blepharoconjunctivitis. Since retinoic acid is biologically active at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations, it may be possible to reduce side effects while maintaining therapeutic effectiveness by reducing the retinoic acid concentration in ophthalmic formulations. In the present study, topical 0.005% retinoic acid in petrolatum ointment reversed corneal keratinization in xerophthalmic, vitamin A-deficient rabbits in 3-4 days while 0.0005% (2 micromolar) retinoic acid ointment was effective in 4-6 days. Further clinical trials of topical retinoic acid for treatment of ocular surface disease should be conducted using micromolar concentrations of retinoic acid which are expected to maintain a therapeutic effect while reducing adverse reactions.
Compensation of interchannel nonlinearities using enhanced coupled equations for digital backward propagation (2009)

Enhanced coupled-nonlinear equations are introduced for full compensation of cross-phase modulation and partial compensation of four-wave mixing (FWM) via split-step digital backward propagation. Compared to full FWM compensation, the new backward propagation equations provide a significant reduction in the number of steps required in the split-step method. This increased step size together with more relaxed sampling requirements reduced the computational load by more than a factor of 20.
Porous Au Nanoparticles with Tunable Plasmon Resonances and Intense Field Enhancements for Single-Particle SERS (2014)

Porous Au nanoparticles with fine-controlled overall particle sizes have been fabricated using a kinetically controlled seed-mediated growth method. In contrast to spherical Au nanoparticles with smooth surfaces, the porous Au nanoparticles exhibit far greater size-dependent plasmonic tunability and significantly intensified local electric field enhancements exploitable for single-particle plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies. The effects of the nanoscale porosity on the far- and near-field optical properties of the nanoparticles have been investigated both experimentally by optical extinction and single-nanoparticle Raman spectroscopic measurements and theoretically through finite-difference time-domain calculations.
Glyphosate Efficacy is Antagonized by Manganese<sup>1</sup> (2005)

Michigan soybean producers have observed that glyphosate efficacy is sometimes reduced in tank mixtures with foliar manganese (Mn) fertilizers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of Mn formulation, Mn application timing, tank mixture adjuvants, and Mn rate on glyphosate efficacy. Three Mn formulations, manganese sulfate and ethylaminoacetate chelate (Mn-EAA), manganese sulfate and lignin sulfonate chelate (Mn-LS), and manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4) reduced glyphosate efficacy in greenhouse and field bioassays, but Mn ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Mn-EDTA) did not. Mn-EAA applied less than 3 d before glyphosate reduced glyphosate efficacy on velvetleaf but not giant foxtail or common lambsquarters. The antagonism increased as the interval between treatment applications was shortened but did not appear when Mn was applied to velvetleaf 1 d or more after glyphosate. Including the adjuvants ammonium sulfate (AMS), EDTA, or citric acid in the glyphosate–Mn tank mixture increased control of giant foxtail and velvetleaf but only matched the efficacy of the glyphosate plus AMS control in three combinations: AMS with Mn-LS on velvetleaf, citric acid with MnSO4 on giant foxtail, and EDTA with Mn-EAA on giant foxtail. AMS increased the glyphosate efficacy in Mn tank mixtures as much as, or more than, citric acid and EDTA, with two exceptions: EDTA with Mn-EAA on giant foxtail and citric acid with MnSO4 on velvetleaf. Control of velvetleaf declined as the amount of Mn from Mn-EAA, Mn-LS, and MnSO4 in the tank mixture increased.Nomenclature: Glyphosate; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. #3 CHEAL; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFA; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus. # ABUTH; soybean, Glycine max L.Additional index words: Fertilizer, hard-water antagonism, herbicide interaction, micronutrient, split application.Abbreviations: AMS, ammonium sulfate; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetate; glyphosate-IPA, isopropylamine salt of glyphosate; glyphosate-K, potassium salt of glyphosate; Mn-EAA, manganese sulfate and ethylaminoacetate chelate; Mn-EDTA, manganese ethylenediaminetetraacetate; Mn-LS, manganese sulfate and lignin sulfonate chelate; MnSO4, manganese sulfate monohydrate.
Engineered Vascularized Flaps, Composed of Polymeric Soft Tissue and Live Bone, Repair Complex Tibial Defects (2021)

Abstract Functional regeneration of complex large‐scaled defects requires both soft‐ and hard‐tissue grafts. Moreover, bone constructs within these grafts require an extensive vascular supply for survival and metabolism during the engraftment. Soft‐tissue pedicles are often used to vascularize bony constructs. However, extensive autologous tissue‐harvest required for the fabrication of these grafts remains a major procedural drawback. In the current work, a composite flap is fabricated using synthetic soft‐tissue matrices and decellularized bone, combined in vivo to form de novo composite tissue with its own vascular supply. Pre‐vascularization of the soft‐tissue matrix using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human adipose microvascular endothelial cells (HAMECs) enhances vascular development within decellularized bones. In addition, osteogenic induction of bone constructs engineered using adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells positively affects micro‐capillary organization within the mineralized component of the neo‐tissue. Eventually, these neo‐tissues used as axial reconstructive flaps support long‐term bone defect repair, as well as muscle defect bridging. The composite flaps described here may help eliminate invasive autologous tissue‐harvest for patients in need of viable grafts for transplantation.
Copper Oxide Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazines (2012)

Key words Ullmann coupling - triazines - carbohydrazides - iodoanilines - copper catalysis
<scp>ToxCast</scp> chemical library Wnt screen identifies diethanolamine as an activator of neural progenitor proliferation (2022)

Numerous autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk genes are associated with Wnt signaling, suggesting that brain development may be especially sensitive to genetic perturbation of this pathway. Additionally, valproic acid, which modulates Wnt signaling, increases risk for ASD when taken during pregnancy. We previously found that an autism-linked gain-of-function <i>UBE3A</i> <sup><i>T485A</i></sup> mutant construct hyperactivated canonical Wnt signaling, providing a genetic means to elevate Wnt signaling above baseline levels. To identify environmental use chemicals that enhance or suppress Wnt signaling, we screened the ToxCast Phase I and II libraries in cells expressing this autism-linked <i>UBE3A</i> <sup><i>T485A</i></sup> gain-of-function mutant construct. Using structural comparisons, we identify classes of chemicals that stimulated Wnt signaling, including ethanolamines, as well as chemicals that inhibited Wnt signaling, such as agricultural pesticides, and synthetic hormone analogs. To prioritize chemicals for follow-up, we leveraged predicted human exposure data, and identified diethanolamine (DEA) as a chemical that stimulates Wnt signaling in <i>UBE3A</i> <sup><i>T485A</i></sup> -transfected cells, and has a high potential for prenatal exposure in humans. DEA enhanced proliferation in primary human neural progenitor cell lines (phNPC), but did not affect expression of canonical Wnt target genes in NPCs or primary mouse neuron cultures. Instead, we found DEA increased expression of the H3K9 methylation sensitive gene <i>CALB1</i>, consistent with competitive inhibition of the methyl donor enzymatic pathways.
Model Selection: Beyond the Bayesian/Frequentist Divide (2010)

The principle of parsimony also known as "Ockham's razor" has inspired many theories of model selection. Yet such theories, all making arguments in favor of parsimony, are based on very different premises and have developed distinct methodologies to derive algorithms. We have organized challenges and edited a special issue of JMLR and several conference proceedings around the theme of model selection. In this editorial, we revisit the problem of avoiding overfitting in light of the latest results. We note the remarkable convergence of theories as different as Bayesian theory, Minimum Description Length, bias/variance tradeoff, Structural Risk Minimization, and regularization, in some approaches. We also present new and interesting examples of the complementarity of theories leading to hybrid algorithms, neither frequentist, nor Bayesian, or perhaps both frequentist and Bayesian!
In vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of synthetic (-)-laulimalide, a marine natural product microtubule stabilizing agent. (2007)

Laulimalide is a cytotoxic natural product isolated from marine sponges. It is structurally distinct from taxanes. However, like paclitaxel, laulimalide binds to tubulin and enhances microtubule assembly and stabilization. It exhibits potent inhibition of cellular proliferation with IC50 values in the low nM range against numerous cancer cell lines. In contrast to paclitaxel, however, laulimalide is also very potent against multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines which overexpress P-glycoprotein (PgP). It has unique structural and biological properties, and attempts at synthesis have attracted considerable effort in recent years, resulting in more than ten published total syntheses. Despite this extensive attention, there have been no reported in vivo evaluations of laulimalide to date, probably due to the structural complexity of laulimalide and the scarcity of natural material. In our studies to explore the therapeutic potential of laulimalide, a total synthesis capable of producing gram quantities of laulimalide was designed, which enabled both in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Our in vitro results with synthetic material confirmed the previous reports that laulimalide is a mitotic blocker that can inhibit the growth of a variety of both non-MDR and MDR human cancer cell lines. However, despite demonstrating promise in cell-based and pharmacokinetic studies, laulimalide exhibited only minimal tumor growth inhibition in vivo and was accompanied by severe toxicity and mortality. The unfavorable efficacy to toxicity ratio in vivo suggests that laulimalide may have limited value for development as a new anticancer therapeutic agent.
NEURAL NETWORK MODELLING OF STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS FOR TENSILE CONCRETE IN FLEXURE (1999)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiama daugiaparametrio tempiamo betono lenkiant fizikinio modelio sukūrimo metodika, naudojant neuroninius tinklus. Tai ankstesnio straipsnio [9], kuris supažindino su grįžtamuoju neuroniniu tinklu (backpropagation neural network), tinklo „mokymo” taisyklėmis, dinaminiais mazgų kūrimo principais bei fizikinių modelių kūrimo neuroniniais tinklais metodologia, tęsinys. Kuriant tempiamo betono neuroninių tinklų fizikinį modelį, buvo panaudotos anksčiau gautos [3] tempiamo betono įtempių-deformacijių kreivės (1 ir 2 pav.). Šios kreivės buvo nu- statytos iš eksperimentinių gelžbetoninių sijų momentų-kreivių diagramų [4], taikant neseniai sukurtą. metodą. [1–3]. Eksperimentinės sijos buvo skirtingo skerspjūvio aukščio, skyrėsi jų armavimo koeficientas ir armatūros strypų skersmuo (1 lent.). Gautų įtempių-deformacijų kreivių analizė parodė, kad jų forma priklauso nuo įvairių parametrų, pateiktų 2 ir 3 lentelėse. Idealiu atveju tempiamo betono deformacija ir šie parametrai turėtų atitikti neuroninio tinklo pradinių duomenų sluoksnio mazgus. Kadangi nepakako eksperimentinių duomenų, šiame darbe buvo pasirinkti še⋅i pradinių duomenų sluoksnio mazgai (3 pav.): tempiamo betono deformacija, betono stiprumas tempiant, betono tamprumo modulis, armavimo procentas, armatūros strypų skersmuo ir sijos skerspjūvio aukštis. Rezultatų sluoksnyje imtas vienas mazgas, atitinkantis tempiamo betono įtempius (3 pav.). Buvo sukurti du neuroniniai tinklai. Pirmuoju atveju tinklo “mokymui” buvo panaudoti visų 14 sijų duomenys. Antruoju atveju buvo panaudoti 10 sijų duomenys, o likusios keturios sijos buvo paliktos tinklui testuoti. Abiem atvejais, prieš “apmokant” tinklus, buvo imti du tarpiniai sluoksniai, kurių kiekviename buvo po du mazgus. Baigus mokymą, tarpiniuose sluoksniuose buvo po penkis mazgus. Gautas geras neuroniniais tinklais apskaičiuotų bei eksperimentinių tempiamo betono įtempių-deformacijų (4 ir 5 pav.) bei momentų-kreivių diagramų (6 pav.) atitikimas.
Green Relay Assisted D2D Communications With Dual Batteries in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks for IoT (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) heralds a vision of future Internet where all physical things/devices are connected via a network to promote a heightened level of awareness about our world and dramatically improve our daily lives. Nonetheless, most wireless technologies in unlicensed band cannot provision ubiquitous and quality IoT services. In contrast, cellular networks support large-scale, quality of service guaranteed, and secured communications. However, tremendous proximal communications via local base stations (BSs) will lead to severe traffic congestion and huge energy consumption in conventional cellular networks. Device-to-device (D2D) communications can potentially offload traffic from and reduce energy consumption of BSs. In order to realize the vision of a truly global IoT, we propose a novel architecture, i.e., overlay-based green relay assisted D2D communications with dual batteries in heterogeneous cellular networks. By optimally allocating the network resource, our proposed resource allocation method provisions the IoT services and minimizes the overall energy consumption of the pico relay BSs. By balancing the residual green energy among the pico relay BSs, the green energy utilization has been maximized; this furthest saves the on-grid energy. Finally, we validate the performance of the proposed architecture through extensive simulations.
On the calculation of magnetic-field perturbations caused by variations of material boundaries (1991)

A weak Galerkin form for the calculation of perturbations of the magnetic scalar potential caused by variations of material boundaries is derived. Finite-element discretizations of this Galerkin form are discussed.
The effect of lipoic acid administration on the urinary excretion of thiocyanate in rats exposed to potassium cyanide. (2015)

The oxidation of cyanide (CN-) to a much less toxic thiocyanate (SCN-) is the main in vivo biochemical pathway for CN- detoxification. SCN- is excreted mainly in urine. This study was performed to investigate the effect of lipoic acid (LA) on the urinary excretion of thiocyanate (SCN-; rhodanate) in rats. Groups of the animals were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) as follows: group 1: potassium cyanide (KCN) (1 mg/kg); group 2: KCN (1 mg/kg) + LA (100 mg/kg). Urine was collected for 24 h and the pooled samples were examined for SCN- levels. The obtained results indicated that the treatment of animals with potassium cyanide and LA in combination significantly increased the urinary excretion of SCN- in comparison with the respective values in the KCN-alone-treated group. It indicates that LA increased the rate of CN- detoxification in rats.
High-Impedance Surfaces with Aperiodically-Ordered Textures (2007)

This paper deals with a study of textured (mushroom-type) high-impedance substrates based on aperiodic-tiling geometries. In this connection, preliminary results from full-wave simulations are presented in order to explore possible applications as artificial-magnetic-conductor ground-planes for low-profile directive antennas.
T cell–mediated vascular dysfunction of human allografts results from IFN-γ dysregulation of NO synthase (2004)

Allograft vascular dysfunction predisposes to arteriosclerosis and graft loss. We examined how dysfunction develops in transplanted human arteries in response to circulating allogeneic T cells in vivo using immunodeficient murine hosts. Within 7–9 days, transplanted arteries developed endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction but remained sensitive to exogenous NO. By 2 weeks, the grafts developed impaired contractility and desensitization to NO, both signs of VSMC dysfunction. These T cell–dependent changes correlated with loss of eNOS and expression of iNOS — the latter predominantly within infiltrating T cells. Neutralizing IFN-γ completely prevented both vascular dysfunction and changes in NOS expression; neutralizing TNF reduced IFN-γ production and partially prevented dysfunction. Inhibiting iNOS partially preserved responses to NO at 2 weeks and reduced graft intimal expansion after 4 weeks in vivo. In vitro, memory CD4(+) T cells acted on allogeneic cultured ECs to reduce eNOS activity and expression of protein and mRNA. These effects required T cell activation by class II MHC antigens and costimulators (principally lymphocyte function-associated antigen–3, or LFA-3) on the ECs and were mediated by production of soluble mediators including IFN-γ and TNF. We conclude that IFN-γ is a central mediator of vascular dysfunction and, through dysregulation of NOS expression, links early dysfunction with late arteriosclerosis.
Tunable solid-etalon filter for the ICESat/GLAS 532 nm channel lidar receiver (2004)

We report on the tunable solid-etalon filter used in ICES at/GLAS 532 nm channel lidar receiver.
Proceedings from the Scientific Symposium: Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapies (2010)

CVD regenerative strategies should be directed at learning to deliver cells that shift the recipient balance from injury toward repair. CVD repair strategies should ideally be tested first in females to have the best chance of success for proof-of-concept.
Transcriptomic events associated with internal browning of apple during postharvest storage (2014)

The gene expression data presented in this study will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of browning development in apples at controlled atmosphere storage. A conceptual model, including energy-related (linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain) and lipid-related genes (related to membrane alterations, and fatty acid oxidation), for browning development in apple is proposed, which may be relevant for future studies towards improving the postharvest life of apple.
Identification and Resection of Clipped Node Decreases the False-negative Rate of Sentinel Lymph Node Surgery in Patients Presenting With Node-positive Breast Cancer (T0–T4, N1–N2) Who Receive Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (2015)

Clip placement at diagnosis of node-positive disease with removal of the clipped node during SLN surgery reduces the FNR of SLN surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clip placement in the biopsy-proven node at diagnosis and evaluation of resected specimens for the clipped node should be considered when conducting SLN surgery in this setting.
ChemInform Abstract: Desilylation of (Z)‐α‐Dimethylphenylsilyl Vinyl Sulfides with Fluoride Ion: Revised Mechanism for Phenyl Group Migration in Substrates Containing an Electron‐Withdrawing Group β to the Sulfur. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.