gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral Efficiency Optimization in Flexi-Grid Long-Haul Optical Systems (2015)

Flexible grid optical networks allow a better exploitation of fiber capacity, by enabling a denser frequency allocation. A tighter channel spacing, however, requires narrower filters, which increase linear intersymbol interference (ISI), and may dramatically reduce system reach. Commercial coherent receivers are based on symbol by symbol detectors, which are quite sensitive to ISI. In this context, Nyquist spacing is considered as the ultimate limit to wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) packing. In this paper, we show that by employing a limited-complexity trellis processing at the receiver, either the reach of Nyquist WDM flexi-grid networks can be significantly extended, or a denser-than-Nyquist channel packing [i.e., a higher spectral efficiency (SE)] is possible at equal reach. By adopting well-known information-theoretic techniques, we design a limited-complexity trellis processing and quantify its SE gain in flexi-grid architectures where wavelength selective switches over a frequency grid of 12.5 GHz are employed.
Text, photo, and line extraction in scanned documents (2012)

We propose a page layout analysis algorithm to classify a scanned document into different regions such as text, photo, or strong lines. The proposed scheme consists of five modules. The first module performs several image preprocessing techniques such as image scaling, filtering, color space conversion, and gamma correction to enhance the scanned image quality and reduce the computation time in later stages. Text detection is applied in the second module wherein wavelet transform and run-length encoding are employed to generate and validate text regions, respectively. The third module uses a Markov random field based block-wise segmentation that employs a basis vector projection technique with maximum a posteriori probability optimization to detect photo regions. In the fourth module, methods for edge detection, edge linking, line-segment fitting, and Hough transform are utilized to detect strong edges and lines. In the last module, the resultant text, photo, and edge maps are combined to generate a page layout map using K-Means clustering. The proposed algorithm has been tested on several hundred documents that contain simple and complex page layout structures and contents such as articles, magazines, business cards, dictionaries, and newsletters, and compared against state-of-the-art page-segmentation techniques with benchmark performance. The results indicate that our methodology achieves an average of ∼ 89% classification accuracy in text, photo, and background regions.
A simple closed form dispersion equation for shear types of surface waves propagating in periodic structures (1993)

A closed-form dispersion relation is found for shear surface acoustic waves (SAWs), namely, Bleustein-Gulyaev waves (BGWs), surface transverse waves (STWs), and leaky waves, propagating in periodic structures in the frequency range corresponding to the Bragg stopband. Changes in the spatial structure of the waves mutually reflecting on the grating as well as bulk wave scattering are considered. A comparison with numerically obtained dispersion curves for leaky waves on 36-LiTaO (3) shows good agreement.
Constitutive Activation of RAS/MAPK Pathway Cooperates with Trisomy 21 and Is Therapeutically Exploitable in Down Syndrome B-cell Leukemia (2020)

Altogether, using novel and suitable PDX models, this study indicates that RAS/MAPK pathway inhibition represents a promising strategy to improve the outcome of Down syndrome children with B-cell precursor leukemia.
Intrinsic carrier multiplication in layered Bi2O2Se avalanche photodiodes with gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 GHz (2020)

Emerging layered semiconductors present multiple advantages for optoelectronic technologies including high carrier mobilities, strong light-matter interactions, and tunable optical absorption and emission. Here, metal-semiconductor-metal avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are fabricated from Bi2O2Se crystals, which consist of electrostatically bound [Bi2O2]2+ and [Se]2− layers. The resulting APDs possess an intrinsic carrier multiplication factor up to 400 at 7 K with a responsivity gain exceeding 3,000 A/W and bandwidth of ~ 400 kHz at a visible wavelength of 515.6 nm, ultimately resulting in a gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 GHz. Due to exceptionally low dark currents, Bi2O2Se APDs also yield high detectivities up to 4.6 × 1014 Jones. A systematic analysis of the photocurrent temperature and bias dependence reveals that the carrier multiplication process in Bi2O2Se APDs is consistent with a reverse biased Schottky diode model with a barrier height of ~ 44 meV, in contrast to the charge trapping extrinsic gain mechanism that dominates most layered semiconductor phototransistors. In this manner, layered Bi2O2Se APDs provide a unique platform that can be exploited in a diverse range of high-performance photodetector applications.
Human acute inflammatory recovery is defined by co-regulatory dynamics of white blood cell and platelet populations (2022)

Inflammation is the physiologic reaction to cellular and tissue damage caused by trauma, ischemia, infection, and other pathologic conditions. Elevation of white blood cell count (WBC) and altered levels of other acute phase reactants are cardinal signs of inflammation, but the dynamics of these changes and their resolution are not well established. Here we studied inflammatory recovery from trauma, ischemia, and infection by tracking longitudinal dynamics of clinical laboratory measurements in hospitalized patients. We identified a universal recovery trajectory defined by exponential WBC decay and delayed linear growth of platelet count (PLT). Co-regulation of WBC-PLT dynamics is a fundamental mechanism of acute inflammatory recovery and provides a generic approach for identifying high-risk patients: 32x relative risk (RR) of adverse outcomes for cardiac surgery, 9x RR of death from COVID-19, 9x RR of death from sepsis, and 5x RR of death from myocardial infarction.
Synthesis and Properties of Hydrocarbon Polymer Electrolytes (2008)

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) have received much attention for new power source of vehicles and mobile applications. Proton conducting polymer electrolytes are one of key components for PEFCs and are required further performance gains. Hydrocarbon polymer electrolytes are expected to surpass commercial fluorinated polymer electrolytes in the cost and performance at high temperature and low humidity. In this paper, I introduce the hydrocarbon polymer electrolytes, synthesis, and fuel cell performance. These materials show excellent proton conductivity and unique water uptake behavior even at high temperature. Although hydrocarbon materials exhibited lower chemical stability than fluorinated materials, their fuel cells have possessed high reliability and durability.
Abstract 136: Distinct Temporal Requirements for Scl to Repress Cardiomyogenesis in Endothelial-derived Cells in Hemogenic Tissues and the Heart (2013)

Identification of precursors with the capacity to generate cardiomyocytes is critical for advancing cardiac regenerative medicine. By analyzing knockout embryos for the bHLH factor Scl, we demonstrated that endothelial cells in hematopoietic tissues and the heart possess latent cardiomyogenic capacity. Furthermore, analysis of tamoxifen-inducible Rosa26-Cre ERT2 Scl fl/fl embryos suggested that the time window during which Scl is required for cardiac repression extends later in the heart versus the yolk sac. However, the cell types in which Scl acts remained elusive. We then deleted Scl in a cell-type specific manner in early mesoderm using Mesp1-Cre and in endothelial cells using Tie2-Cre. Lineage tracing in Mesp1-Cre Rosa26-YFP embryos demonstrated that at E9.5, a large majority of hematopoietic and endothelial cells in the yolk sac and heart were labeled. Moreover, deletion of Scl in Mesp1-Cre Scl fl/fl embryos phenocopied the germline knockout, essentially abrogating hematopoiesis and promoting the emergence of CD31 + PDGFRα + cardiomyogenic precursors and ectopic expression of the cardiomyocyte genes Myl7 and Tnnt2 in yolk sac vasculature. In contrast, deletion of Scl after endothelium had been specified in Tie2-Cre Scl fl/fl embryos did not grossly affect yolk sac hematopoiesis, nor did it induce ectopic cardiomyogenesis in hemogenic tissues. However, endothelial-derived cells in the hearts of Tie2-Cre Scl fl/fl embryos evidenced profound expansion of CD31 + PDGFRα + cardiogenic precursors at E11.5 and E13.5, as well as displayed dramatic upregulation of Myl7 and Tnnt2 , showing that the requirement for Scl to repress the cardiomyogenic program extends longer in endothelial derivatives in the heart than in the yolk sac. These data demonstrate that endocardial-derived cells in the heart retain latent cardiomyogenic potential until mid-gestation and nominate Scl as a critical regulator of endocardial fate.
Extensive monitoring during auditory brainstem implant surgery (2000)

In patients with reduced auditory nerve function, for example due to tumour removal or an accident, hearing rehabilitation can be elicited by an auditory brainstem implant (ABI). The electrode array of the ABI manufactured by Cochlear Ltd., Sydney, consists of 21 circled contacts in a silicon carrier. This is inserted in the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. Since 1996, in Hannover eight patients have been implanted with a cochlear ABI Nucleus 21 + 1. All of them were profoundly deaf on both sides due to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). To find the optimal electrode position during surgery, a multimodal monitoring by auditory evoked potentials (AEP), electromyography (EMG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) was performed. When monitoring AEPs, the function of the implant can be checked first by the stimulus artefact. By analysing the AEPs in more detail, the optimal positioning of the electrode on the cochlear nucleus can be found. If systems other than the auditory system are stimulated this will be revealed in one or more of the AEP, EMG and SEP recordings. According to the literature, AEPs stimulated by an ABI consist of three vertex positive peaks with latencies shorter than 4 ms. Typical AEPs are correlated with good post-operative hearing sensation. Comparing these AEPs with AEPs stimulated acoustically or electrically at different sites of the auditory system, it can be assumed that the first peak corresponds to J3, the second to J4 and the last to J5. From this comparison it can also be concluded that no potentials should occur later than 5 ms. This corresponds to our findings. Post-operatively, side-effects occurred when areas of the electrode array were stimulated that showed potentials with latencies longer than 5 ms intra-operatively. Our results indicate that monitoring is an essential aid for the surgeon in finding the optimal electrode position. Positioning solely with reference to anatomical landmarks may not be enough to find the optimal functional position.
Epimorphin Functions as a Key Morphoregulator for Mammary Epithelial Cells (1998)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and EGF have been reported to promote branching morphogenesis of mammary epithelial cells. We now show that it is epimorphin that is primarily responsible for this phenomenon. In vivo, epimorphin was detected in the stromal compartment but not in lumenal epithelial cells of the mammary gland; in culture, however, a subpopulation of mammary epithelial cells produced significant amounts of epimorphin. When epimorphin-expressing epithelial cell clones were cultured in collagen gels they displayed branching morphogenesis in the presence of HGF, EGF, keratinocyte growth factor, or fibroblast growth factor, a process that was inhibited by anti-epimorphin but not anti-HGF antibodies. The branch length, however, was roughly proportional to the ability of the factors to induce growth. Accordingly, epimorphin-negative epithelial cells simply grew in a cluster in response to the growth factors and failed to branch. When recombinant epimorphin was added to these collagen gels, epimorphin-negative cells underwent branching morphogenesis. The mode of action of epimorphin on morphogenesis of the gland, however, was dependent on how it was presented to the mammary cells. If epimorphin was overexpressed in epimorphin-negative epithelial cells under regulation of an inducible promoter or was allowed to coat the surface of each epithelial cell in a nonpolar fashion, the cells formed globular, alveoli-like structures with a large central lumen instead of branching ducts. This process was enhanced also by addition of HGF, EGF, or other growth factors and was inhibited by epimorphin antibodies. These results suggest that epimorphin is the primary morphogen in the mammary gland but that growth factors are necessary to achieve the appropriate cell numbers for the resulting morphogenesis to be visualized.
Data Suggest Users View E-Cigarettes as a Safe Alternative During Pregnancy (2019)

As use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has surged — with insufficiently known health effects — prevalence of use has not been carefully
A joint detection-decoding receiver with reduced complexity (2004)

A joint detection-decoding (JDD) receiver performs multiuser detection and channel decoding jointly, where information about channel codes is utilized for multiuser detection. The performance of such a receiver is improved, but its complexity is also increased. In this paper, we propose a JDD receiver with reduced complexity, where parallel interference cancellation and convolutional codes are employed. We show its excellent performance via simulation.
A novel opioid for photoaffinity labeling opioid receptor complexes in natively‐expressing tissues (2015)

A novel radioiodinated opioid photoaffinity label bearing an aryl azide moiety was synthesized, permitting covalent attachment of the drug to its target following irradiation with UV light. In receptor binding assays using membranes from stably transfected cell lines, the drug demonstrated extremely high affinity for mu and kappa opioid receptors with high selectivity over delta receptors. The drug was readily incorporated into mu receptors, and autoradiography following denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a specific band corresponding to the mature, glycosylated form of the receptor which was fully competed by levallorphan (1uM). Photoaffinity labeling of mouse brain and human neuroblastoma cell membranes followed by immunoprecipitation also revealed specific bands corresponding to the mature forms of the receptor in these tissues. The molecular weight of the receptor differed between mouse brain and cell line membranes, consistent with differing glycosylation state of the receptor. Photolabeling the receptor in natively-expressing tissue also facilitated the optimization of a purification scheme under native conditions to isolate opioid receptor signaling complexes which were resolved using Blue Native-PAGE and could be further separated by a second dimension of SDS-PAGE.
Coordinated Expression of DNAM-1 and LFA-1 in Educated NK Cells (2015)

The functional capacity of NK cells is dynamically tuned by integrated signals from inhibitory and activating cell surface receptors in a process termed NK cell education. However, the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this functional tuning is limited. In this study, we show that the expression of the adhesion molecule and activation receptor DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1) correlates with the quantity and quality of the inhibitory input by HLA class I-specific killer cell Ig-like receptors and CD94/NKG2A as well as with the magnitude of functional responses. Upon target cell recognition, the conformational state of LFA-1 changed in educated NK cells, associated with rapid colocalization of both active LFA-1 and DNAM-1 at the immune synapse. Thus, the coordinated expression of LFA-1 and DNAM-1 is a central component of NK cell education and provides a potential mechanism for controlling cytotoxicity by functionally mature NK cells.
Pen-2 Is Incorporated into the γ-Secretase Complex through Binding to Transmembrane Domain 4 of Presenilin 1 (2005)

gamma-Secretase is a multimeric membrane protein complex comprised of presenilin (PS), nicastrin (Nct), Aph-1, and Pen-2. It is a member of an atypical class of aspartic proteases that hydrolyzes peptide bonds within the membrane. During the biosynthetic process of the gamma-secretase complex, Nct and Aph-1 form a heterodimeric intermediate complex and bind to the C-terminal region of PS, serving as a stabilizing scaffold for the complex. Pen-2 is then recruited into this trimeric complex and triggers endoproteolysis of PS, conferring gamma-secretase activity. Although the Pen-2 accumulation depends on PS, the binding partner of Pen-2 within the gamma-secretase complex remains unknown. We reconstituted PS1 in Psen1/Psen2 deficient cells by expressing a series of PS1 mutants in which one of the N-terminal six transmembrane domains (TMDs) was swapped with those of CD4 (a type I transmembrane protein) or CLAC-P (a type II transmembrane protein). We report that the proximal two-thirds of TMD4 of PS1, including the conserved Trp-Asn-Phe sequence, are required for its interaction with Pen-2. Using a chimeric CD4 molecule harboring PS1 TMD4, we further demonstrate that the PS1 TMD4 bears a direct binding motif to Pen-2. Pen-2 may contribute to the activation of the gamma-secretase complex by directly binding to the TMD4 of PS1.
The development of InterNetwork channel Emulation platform for Surgical Robot Telemanipulation control system (INSeRT) (2015)

In this paper, we describe the RobinHeart surgery robot development related project in which entire robot operation is supposedly done remotely, using wide area network connection. In such environment, any vision and telemanipulation data packets are subject to delay, limitations, issues and failures, as any network connections do. It has become necessary to create an internetwork emulation for the purposes of robot-related trials. The INSeRT platform has been developed to fulfill that role. INSeRT platform design is presented and discussed and first results of validation with real-life example are shown. Network channel manipulation techniques can be implemented at data-link OSI layer level, or it may be induced at network layer level -this approach relies on network layer packet manipulation and poses a promising start, as well as raises questions about whether implementing different distributions for delay or reordering is going to have significant impact on channel emulation and traffic parameters.
Remote-Control Caching (2018)

Mobile browsers suffer from unnecessary cache misses. The same binary object is often named by multiple URLs which correspond to different cache keys. Furthermore, servers frequently mark objects as uncacheable, even though the objects' content is stable over time.
Solvent Resistant Photocurable “Liquid Teflon” for Microfluidic Device Fabrication  [<i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>2004</b>, <i>126</i>, 2322−2323]. (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionSolvent Resistant Photocurable "Liquid Teflon" for Microfluidic Device Fabrication [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2004, 126, 2322−2323]. Jason P. Rolland, R. Michael Van Dam, Derek A. Schorzman, Stephen R. Quake, and Joseph M. DeSimoneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 26, 8349Publication Date (Web):June 4, 2004Publication History Published online4 June 2004Published inissue 1 July 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja040811thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja040811tcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1504Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (10 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-parameter AFM characterization of INS-1 cells (2021)

AFM-based single cell force spectroscopy has been employed wildly, while more work is needed for the mechanical detection of diabetes-related cells (INS-1 cells). In this study, a multi-parameter AFM characterization was performed to detect the mechanical properties of INS-1 cells in situ. High resolution topographies and concurrent mechanics were obtained by taking the advantage of the quantitatively imaging (QI) mode AFM. The analyses of force curves and force maps jointly presented the multiple parameters involved in the cell mechanics. The AFM force spectroscopy measurement provides full analysis and comprehensive understanding of cell mechanics.
Joint Transmission Map Estimation and Dehazing using Deep Networks (2017)

Single image haze removal is an extremely challenging problem due to its inherent ill-posed nature. Several prior-based and learning-based methods have been proposed in the literature to solve this problem and they have achieved superior results. However, most of the existing methods assume constant atmospheric light model and tend to follow a two-step procedure involving prior-based methods for estimating transmission map followed by calculation of dehazed image using the closed form solution. In this paper, we relax the constant atmospheric light assumption and propose a novel unified single image dehazing network that jointly estimates the transmission map and performs dehazing. In other words, our new approach provides an end-to-end learning framework, where the inherent transmission map and dehazed result are learned directly from the loss function. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real datasets with challenging hazy images demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods.