gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Established and Suspected Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk in Pre-Menopausal Lebanese Women (2008)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is known to be caused by both environmental and non-environmental factors and the contribution of these factors seems to vary among different populations. Major nutritional biomarkers of CVD in 290 Lebanese pre-menopausal women were assessed. Diabetes, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiencies were rare (below 0.5%) among the subjects. Abnormalities in lipid profile were more common, in which 16.7% of subjects had low HDL-cholesterol. Vitamin B6 deficiency was also present at 14.5%. Low levels of HDL (established biomarker) and vitamin B6 (suspected biomarker) seem to be the major nutritional abnormalities in Lebanese females of childbearing age.
Efficient Pure Phase Optical Modulator Based on Strongly Over-Coupled Resonators (2019)

We demonstrate that large pure optical phase modulation is possible in resonators operated in the strongly over-coupling regime, which suggests efficient phase modulators with high-speed operation, small footprint, low insertion loss, and low power consumption.
EPIC: An Architecture for Instruction-Level Parallel Processors (2000)

VLIW architecture, instruction-level parallelism, MultiOp, nonunit assumed latencies, NUAL, rotating register files, unbundled branches, control speculation, speculative opcodes, exception tag, predicated execution, fully-resolved predicates, wired-OR and wired-AND compare opcodes, prioritized loads and stores, data speculation, cache specifiers, precise interrupts, NUAL-freeze and NUALdrain semantics, delay buffers, replay buffers, EQ and LEQ semantics, latency stalling, MultiOp-P and MultiOp-S semantics, dynamic translation,
Electronic structure of barium-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1997)

We have investigated the electronic structure of Ba-doped ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ films with Ba concentrations of up to x\ensuremath{\approx}12 (${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$) by applying valence-band photoemission and x-ray-absorption spectroscopy. A crystal orbital (CO) formalism based on a semiempirical Hamiltonian of the intermediate-neglect-of-differential-overlap type has been employed to derive solid-state results for the Ba-doped ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerides. Using x-ray diffraction, we show three distinct phases for the bulk ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ system with Ba concentrations of up to x=6. In all cases, the experimental observations strongly indicate that fulleride formation leads to the occupation of hybrid bands on both sides of the Fermi level. The theoretical data indicate that the alkaline-earth atoms are essentially monovalent and hybridize strongly with the \ensuremath{\pi}-type functions of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ network. The Ba atoms in the ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerides deviate from the limit of complete charge transfer as a consequence of the competition between covalent Ba-${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ bonding and ionic contributions. Furthermore, it is shown that the calculated density-of-state profiles reproduce the photoemission data in the extreme outer valence-band region.
Ultimate Corrosion to Pt‐Cu Electrocatalysts for Enhancing Methanol Oxidation Activity and Stability in Acidic Media (2021)

Alloying platinum (Pt) with transition metals (M), as an established class of electrocatalysts, reduces the use of Pt and improves the electrocatalytic performance. However, the stability of transition metals in nanostructured platinum alloys is a fundamental and practical problem in electrocatalysis, due to leaching of transition metals under acidic operating condition. Here, a corrosion method has been developed for a Pt-Cu electrocatalyst with high activity (6.6 times that of commercial Pt/C) and excellent stability for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) under acidic operating conditions. The mechanism of formation has been studied, and possible mesostructured re-formation and atomic re-organization have been proposed. This work offers an effective strategy for the facile synthesis of a highly acid-stable PtM alloying and opens a door to high-performance design for electrocatalysts.
Predicting Critical Depth in Straight Compound Channels (2001)

Critical depth is the depth at which the flow in an open conduit undergoes a transition between supercritical and subcritical regimes. While the prediction of critical depth in a prismatic channel can be achieved to a high accuracy, the same cannot be said for two stage channels (main channel with flanking floodplain), also commonly known as compound channels. Traditionally, critical depth in a compound channel is predicted based on minimum specific energy. This investigation has shown that flow in compound channels does not undergo a sharp critical flow transition as in prismatic channels. Instead, the change between fully subcritical and fully super-critical occurs over a depth range, whereby different regions in the cross-section maybe either sub or super-critical flow. This has been termed a "mixed-flow" region. It has been found that the point of minimum specific energy does not coincide with either the beginning or the end of this critical transition, rendering such predictions ineffectual. Methods of incorporating the effects of the momentum interaction between the main channel and the floodplain have been used to improve the prediction of the velocity profile within the channel, and to produce subsection Froude numbers that can locate the key points of the critical transition zone.
An Intestinal Th17 Subset is Associated with Inflammation in Crohn’s Disease and Activated by Adherent-invasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2023)

IFNγ-producing ex-Th17 cells ['Th1/17'] were shown to play a key pathogenic role in experimental colitis and are abundant in the intestine. Here, we identified and characterised a novel, potentially colitogenic subset of Th17 cells in the intestine of patients with Crohn's disease [CD]. Human Th17 cells expressing CCR5 ['pTh17'] co-expressed T-bet and RORC/γt and produced very high levels of IL-17, together with IFN-γ. They had a gene signature of Th17 effector cells and were distinct from established Th1/17 cells. pTh17 cells, but not Th1/17 cells, were associated with intestinal inflammation in CD, and decreased upon successful anti-TNF therapy with infliximab. Conventional CCR5[-]Th17 cells differentiated to pTh17 cells with IL-23 in vitro. Moreover, anti-IL-23 therapy with risankizumab strongly reduced pTh17 cells in the intestine. Importantly, intestinal pTh17 cells were selectively activated by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli [AIEC], but not by a commensal/probiotic E. coli strain. AIEC induced high levels of IL-23 and RANTES from dendritic cells [DC]. Intestinal CCR5+Th1/17 cells responded instead to cytomegalovirus and were reduced in ulcerative colitis [UC], suggesting an unexpected protective role. In conclusion, we identified an IL-23-inducible subset of human intestinal Th17 cells. pTh17 cells produced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, were selectively associated with intestinal inflammation in CD, and responded to CD-associated AIEC, suggesting a key colitogenic role.
Crystal Structure of the Anticancer Drug Cisplatin Bound to Duplex DNA (1996)

The X-ray crystal structure of d(CCTCTG*G*TCTCC)·d(GGAGACCAGAGG), where G*G* represents the major adduct of the antitumor drug cisplatin on a duplex DNA dodecamer, was solved to a resolution of 2.6 Å (R = 0.203, R-free = 0.245). The molecule crystallizes in the space group P1, with unit cell dimensions a = 31.27 Å, b = 35.46 Å, c = 47.01 Å, α = 79.81°, β = 84.75°, γ = 82.79°, and Z = 2. Two molecules in the asymmetric unit are related by a local two-fold symmetry axis and have very similar structures. The duplexes are bent significantly, each having a 26° roll toward the major groove at the site of the platinum intrastrand cross-link. The platinum atom binds to the N7 atoms of adjacent guanine residues, compacting the major groove and widening and flattening the minor groove. Because of the shallow roll, the platinum atom is displaced from the planes of the guanine bases by ∼1 Å and is considerably strained. The overall structure of the cisplatin-modified duplex contains an unusual juxtaposition of A-like and B-like helical segments. This bent structure is accommodated by an interesting and novel packing arrangement in the crystal. One end of each duplex packs end-to-end with another, as in crystal structures of B-DNA, whereas the other end packs into the minor groove of an adjacent molecule, much like A-DNA crystal packing. An unusual backbone-to-backbone packing interaction involving several CH···O hydrogen bonds was also observed. The widened minor groove and the bend caused by platinum binding resembles the DNA component of the structure of the HMG domains of SRY bound to its recognition site DNA. This similarity suggests how HMG-domain proteins might recognize cisplatin−DNA adducts.
Differential Regulation of the IL-12 p40 Promoter and of p40 Secretion by CpG DNA and Lipopolysaccharide (1999)

Challenge of macrophages with DNA containing an internal CpG motif results in IL-12 p40 secretion. In the presence of IFN-gamma, CpG DNA induces more p40 secretion than does LPS. In the RAW 264 macrophage cell line, both CpG DNA and LPS activate a p40 promoter-reporter construct, and the promoter response to either agent is augmented 2- to 5-fold by IFN-gamma. While either LPS or CpG DNA induces p40 promoter activity, only CpG DNA induces an increase in p40 mRNA or protein secretion. Even though IFN-gamma augmented LPS-driven p40 promoter activity in RAW 264 cells, the combination of IFN-gamma and LPS induced less p40 mRNA or protein secretion than the combination of IFN-gamma and CpG DNA. The ability of IFN-gamma to augment LPS or CpG DNA-induced p40 promoter activation was observed with truncation mutants of the IL-12 promoter containing as few as 250 bp 5' of the TATA box. Although LPS alone is a poor inducer of p40 transcription, both LPS and CpG DNA induce similar nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. This binding is not augmented by costimulation with IFN-gamma. Thus, CpG DNA induces p40 transcription by a mechanism that includes NF-kappaB translocation; however, CpG DNA appears to induce other factor(s) necessary for p40 transcription. These results illustrate fundamental differences between CpG DNA and LPS with respect to activation of IL-12 p40 secretion.
809 An Allogenic Fat-First Approach to Burn Reconstruction Mitigates Adhesion and Soft Tissue Deficit (2022)

Abstract Introduction Adipose and adipose-derived stem cell therapies have met success as adjunctive treatment during burn reconstruction with well described benefit in the delayed-treatment of soft-tissue deficits. While the use of allogeneic skin is well-described, adipose tissues have typically remained autologous. Allogenic fat is not commonly used in burn care, however, in large, complex burns where autologous tissue is limited adipose may not be readily available for harvest or use. Understanding the efficacy of allogeneic tissues in this setting is critical to expand our reconstructive options. Here we describe a protocol utilizing allogeneic fat as well as examine the efficacy of this approach on burn-wound contractures, adhesions, and soft-tissue deficits. Methods Female, Yorkshire swine received 16, 4x4 cm full-thickness burns. After 48 hours, eschar was removed to fascia. Wounds were stratified to receive either A) No Reconstruction, B) Skin-Only, C) Fat-Only, D) Immediate-Skin, Delayed-Fat, or E) Immediate-Fat, Delayed-Skin. All fat utilized was allogeneic sourced from vendor-matched swine. At 8-weeks post-engraftment animals were sacrificed and all wounds were collected for photography, ultrasound, histology and serum studies. Results Use of allogeneic fat significantly improved terminal soft-tissue thickness under both immediate and delayed administration (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Immediate use of allogeneic fat significantly improved tissue mobility vs. untreated and skin graft controls (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Contracture was most significantly affected by timing of skin graft placement, however, could be further mitigated under standard delayed-fat approached with allogeneic tissue. Conclusions Here we demonstrate use of allogeneic fat in both traditional-delayed and a fat-first approach with significant mitigation of adhesion when applied as an initial basal layer. Both immediate and delayed allogeneic fat were sufficient to improve on soft tissue deficits.
A Japanese Nationwide Survey on the FDG-PET Scans for Dementia: Analysis on the Predicted Costs and Benefits of FDG-PET for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer (2003)

日本アイソトープ協会医学薬学部会サイクロトロン核医学利用専門委員会のFDG-PET合同ワーキンググループと日本核医学会では, 痴呆の診断のためのFDG-PET検査について, 全国のPET施設を対象に実態調査を行った。15施設から1年間に計406例の症例データが提供された。検査目的としては, 記憶障害を訴える患者に対するアルツハイマー型痴呆症の早期診断を目的とするものと (目的A, 154例) , 痴呆をきたす変性疾患の鑑別診断を目的とするもの (目的B, 144例) が多かった。ほとんどの例でPETによってその目的が達成されたか, 又はほぼ達成された。また, PETを施行すれば脳血流SPECTを省略できると考えられた。更に, PETで初めてアルツハイマー型痴呆症と診断された患者にドネペジルによる薬物治療を行えば, 病気の進行を遅らせることによって介護費用を節減でき, PETも治療も行わない場合に比べて1例あたりの2年間の医療費+介護費が, 目的Aで6.15万円, 目的Bで1.37万円, それぞれ削減できると推定された。一方で患者のQOLが向上し, 治療開始後2年間のQALY (Quality Adjusted LifeYear, QOLで加重した生存年) は, 1例あたり目的Aで0.0442, 目的Bで0.0137, それぞれ増加した。したがってPETの導入は医療経済的に「優位」であると考えられた。我が国全体では, 目的Aの対象となる患者を毎年約9000人と推定すると, 痴呆の早期診断へのPETの導入によって毎年5.5億円の費用削減と健常者398人分に相当するQOLの向上が得られると推定された。
Calibrating Uncooled Micro-bolometer FPA By lenses (2016)

Micro-bolometer based thermal focal plane array is very attractive for radiometric imaging. We introduce a new method, to perform on site calibration of unknown spatially dependent drift and gain thermal images for this goal.
Synthesis, structure and molecular dynamics of η<sup>2</sup>-iminoacyl compounds [Cp(ArO)Zr(η<sup>2</sup>-Bu<sup>t</sup>NCCH<sub>2</sub>Ph)(CH<sub>2</sub>Ph)] and [Cp(ArO)Zr(η<sup>2</sup>-Bu<sup>t</sup>NCCH<sub>2</sub>Ph)<sub>2</sub>] (2002)

The reaction of the substrate [CpZr(CH2Ph)3] with the ligands 2,3,5,6-tetraphenyl- 1, 2-phenyl-4,6-di-tert-butyl- 2 or 2-(1-naphthyl)-4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol 3 leads to the corresponding compounds [Cp(ArO)Zr(CH2Ph)2] 4–6. Solution studies show that naphthyl rotation is slow on the NMR timescale at ambient temperatures within 6 leading to non-equivalent benzyl groups with diastereotopic methylene protons. The solid-state structure of 5 shows both benzyl ligands to be η1-bound. Compounds 4–6 react with tert-butylisocyanide in hydrocarbon solvents to initially produce the mono(iminoacyl) derivatives [Cp(ArO)Zr(η2-ButNCCH2Ph)(CH2Ph)] 7–9 followed by the bis(iminoacyl) products [Cp(ArO)Zr(η2-ButNCCH2Ph)2] 10–12. In the solution 13C NMR spectra of the iminoacyl derivatives the Zr–CN carbon atom resonates at δ 242–244 ppm (7–9) and δ 229–234 ppm (10–12) consistent with the η2-C,N binding. This was confirmed in the solid state by X-ray diffraction studies of 8, 11 and 12. At ambient temperatures only one set of iminoacyl resonances are observed for 10 and 11, indicating that both iminoacyl rotation and aryloxide rotation are facile. At lower temperatures the iminoacyl ligands in 11 become non-equivalent in the 1H NMR spectrum consistent with restricted rotation about the Zr–O–Ar bond. The iminoacyl ligands in the 2-(1-naphthyl) derivative 12 are non-equivalent in solution NMR spectra from −75 to +85 °C. The solution fluxionality of these molecules as determined by NMR studies is discussed in detail.
Modeling Radiation-Induced Degradation in Top-Gated Epitaxial Graphene Field-Effect-Transistors (FETs) (2013)

This paper investigates total ionizing dose (TID) effects in top-gated epitaxial graphene field-effect-transistors (GFETs). Measurements reveal voltage shifts in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and degradation of carrier mobility and minimum conductivity, consistent with the buildup of oxide-trapped charges. A semi-empirical approach for modeling radiation-induced degradation in GFETs effective carrier mobility is described in the paper. The modeling approach describes Coulomb and short-range scattering based on calculations of charge and effective vertical field that incorporate radiation-induced oxide trapped charges. The transition from the dominant scattering mechanism is correctly described as a function of effective field and oxide trapped charge density. Comparison with experimental data results in good qualitative agreement when including an empirical component to account for scatterer transparency in the low field regime.
Bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the jaws: The limits of a conservative approach (2009)

When ONJ fails to respond to antibiotic therapy and surgical debridements, a more invasive surgical approach may be necessary to guarantee a better quality of life for the patient.
Molecular cloning of a Pinguiochrysis pyriformis oleate-specific microsomal Δ12-fatty acid desaturase and functional analysis in yeasts and thraustochytrids† (2011)

We isolated a putative desaturase gene from a marine alga, Pinguiochrysis pyriformis MBIC 10872, which is capable of accumulating eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5(Δ5,8,11,14,17)). The gene possessed an open reading frame of 1,314 bp encoding a putative 437 amino acid residues showing high sequence identity (37-48%) with fungal and nematode Δ12-fatty acid desaturases. Yeast cells transformed with the gene converted endogenous oleic acid (C18:1(Δ9)) to linoleic acid (C18:2(Δ9,12)). However, no double bonds were introduced into other endogenous fatty acids or exogenously added fatty acids. Flag-tagged enzyme was recovered in the micosome fraction when expressed in yeast cells. To express the gene in thraustochytrids, a construct driven by the thraustochytrid-derived ubiquitin promoter was used. Interestingly, exogenously added oleic acid was converted to linoleic acid in the gene transformants but not mock transformants of Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186. These results clearly indicate that the gene encodes a microsomal Δ12-fatty acid desaturase and was expressed functionally in not only yeasts but also thraustochytrids. This is the first report describing the heterozygous expression of a fatty acid desaturase in thraustochytrids, and could facilitate a genetic approach towards fatty acid synthesis in thraustochytrids which are expected to be an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Conformational conservation of the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of hepatitis C virus E2 envelope glycoprotein. (2000)

International audience
Automated passive acoustic intruder detection based on correlation approach. (2008)

We consider the problem of passive acoustic detection of intruders in shallow waters using the signals acquired from multiple hydrophones. The suggested approach uses correlation of the acoustic signals recorded by different hydrophones as well as other features such as periodicity. Cross correlation of signals is conducted within a sliding window after passing through a multiband filter bank. This multiband filtering allows leveraging the intrinsic spectral properties of emitted signals to discriminate intruder emission from acoustic noise sources such as ship traffic typically present in the river. Further heuristic processing exploits the periodic nature of signals such as human breathing, by detecting the beginnings and endings of the diver’s inhalation signals. The detector assesses whether the recognized features are consistent with previously documented breathing rates in order to automatically and robustly detect the presence of a diver. The developed approach was applied in diver detection tests conducted in the Hudson River estuary where cross-correlation technique allowed finding the line of bearing to a diver. The challenges to implementation of such method in a standalone acoustic buoy under development at Stevens are also discussed. [This work was supported by ONR Project No. N00014-05-1-0632: Navy Force Protection Technology Assessment Project].
Plasma Levels of Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor in Primary and Secondary Thrombocytosis (2005)

An elevated platelet count is a common finding in both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. Thrombosis and bleeding complications are more frequently observed in patients with clonal thrombocytosis than secondary thrombocytosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviors of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activity, the inhibitor of fibrinolysis, and also prothrombin time (PT), active partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimer and fibrinogen levels in 21 patients affected with clonal thrombocytemia as compared with 21 patients with reactive thrombocytosis and 21 healthy controls. In the clonal thrombocytemia group, plasma levels of TAFI activity were significantly higher than in both the reactive thrombocytosis and the control group. Plasma levels of leukocyte and platelet counts were significantly higher in the clonal thrombocytemia group than in the other two groups and also higher in the reactive thrombocytosis group than in the control group, which was also significant. Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were higher in patients than in the control group but showed no significant difference between the clonal and secondary thrombocytosis groups. Plasma levels of PT and aPTT were higher in secondary thrombocytosis group than the clonal thrombocytosis group. The results of this study showed for the first time that TAFI activity is increased in patients with clonal thrombocytosis. These increased levels in clonal thrombocytosis can be considered a factor to explain the thrombotic tendency in myeloproliferative disorders.
Nighttime compression supports improved self‐management of breast cancer–related lymphedema: A multicenter randomized controlled trial (2021)

Lymphedema is swelling that occurs in the arm on the side of the surgery for breast cancer. Lymphedema occurs in approximately 21% of women. Lymphedema tends to worsen over time and can result in recurrent infections in the arm, functional impairment, and pain. Currently, treatment consists of intensive treatments to reduce the swelling followed by regular use of a compression sleeve during the day. This study examined and found a benefit from the addition of nighttime compression (whether through self-applied compression bandaging or through the use of a nighttime compression system garment) to the use of a daytime compression sleeve.
Identifying Clonidine-Displacing Substance (1994)

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Performance of rapid spanning tree protocol in access and metro networks (2007)

Ethernet provides a simple and low-cost solution at high bandwidth for access and metropolitan networks. The failover performance of bridges is indispensable of their applicability. Therefore, new IEEE protocols were developed and deployed in support of fast recovery. Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is the current fault handling mechanism for generic topologies, which is included in the standards and implemented in each Ethernet bridge nowadays. There are many different statements about the recovery time of RSTP from the order of seconds down to the order of ten milliseconds. Most of these analyses only rely on simulation results assuming ideal conditions. This paper reports on the performance of RSTP in real environment. It presents an experimental performance analysis of RSTP based on measurement results from test networks comprising Ethernet bridges from various vendors. Basic processing times and hardware delays are deeply analyzed for small topologies and the performance of RSTP is then characterized for larger network topologies.