gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ambient- and low-temperature synchrotron x-ray diffraction study of BaFe<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and CaFe<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>at high pressures up to 56 GPa (2011)

We report on high-pressure powder synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies on $M$Fe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ ($M$$=$Ba, Ca) over a range of temperatures and pressures up to about 56 GPa using a membrane diamond-anvil cell. Our data indicate a phase transition to a collapsed tetragonal phase in both compounds upon compression. The data at 300 K are measured in both pressure-increasing and -decreasing cycles. Our measurements show that at 300 K in the Ba compound, the transition occurs at 27 GPa, which is much higher than the transition pressure of 1.7 GPa in the Ca compound. At low temperature, we could obtain data only in the pressure-increasing cycle, therefore a precise transition pressure is not identified. At a low temperature of 33 K, the transition to the tetragonal phase in the Ba compound starts, upon compression, at about 29 GPa, which is much higher than the transition pressure of 0.3 GPa at 40 K as known in the case of the Ca compound. The much higher transition pressure in the Ba compound may be due to its larger unit-cell volume at ambient pressure. It is important to note that the transition in both compounds occurs when they are compressed to almost the same value of the unit-cell volume and attain similar ${c}_{t}/{a}_{t}$ ratios. We also show that the FeAs${}_{4}$ tetrahedra are much less compressible and more distorted in the collapsed tetragonal phase than their nearly regular shape in the ambient pressure phase. We present a detailed analysis of the pressure dependence of the structures as well as equations of state in these important BaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ and CaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ compounds.
Reduced serum level of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 is associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (2016)

These findings indicated that serum LECT2 level is negatively associated with the presence of DR and suggest that low circulating LECT2 level is a risk factor for DR.
Impact of age on efficacy and safety of relugolix: A subgroup analysis from the randomized, phase 3 hero study versus leuprolide in men with advanced prostate cancer. (2021)

5075 Background: In the phase 3 HERO study, the oral GnRH receptor antagonist relugolix demonstrated sustained testosterone suppression superior to that of leuprolide and a comparative 54% decrease in risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Relugolix was recently approved for use in the US for the treatment of adult patients with advanced prostate cancer. Here, we further characterize the impact of age on the use of relugolix in advanced prostate cancer from the HERO study. Methods: The HERO study was a randomized, open-label, parallel group study evaluating relugolix in men with advanced prostate cancer. Overall, 934 men with advanced prostate cancer underwent 2:1 randomization to receive relugolix 120 mg orally once daily after a single loading dose of 360 mg or leuprolide 3-month injections for 48 weeks. Subgroups analyzed by age were &lt;65 years or ≥65 years and ≤75 years or &gt;75 years. Assessments analyzed included sustained testosterone suppression to castrate levels (&lt;50 ng/dL) from day 29 through 48 weeks, early and profound (&lt;20 ng/dL) castration rates, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and safety. Testosterone recovery (≥280 ng/dL) was evaluated in 184 patients who enrolled in the testosterone recovery substudy. Results: Of the 930 patients (relugolix:622;leuprolide:308) that received study drug in the HERO study, 173 (18.6%) were &lt;65 years and 757 (81.4%) were ≥65 years of age, while 664 (71.4%) were ≤75 years and 266 (28.6%) were &gt;75 years of age. Across all age subgroups, point estimates for sustained castration rates through 48 weeks for relugolix patients were consistent with the overall estimate of relugolix sustained castration rate observed in the overall population. Differences in sustained castrations rates at week 48 between relugolix and leuprolide groups were similar regardless of the age subgroup (table). The likelihood of testosterone recovery at 90 days after completion of treatment was higher in the relugolix group versus the leuprolide group in all age subgroups: &lt;65 (79.1% vs 16.7%), ≥65 (48.6% vs 0%), ≤75 (60.0% vs 4.0%),and &gt;75 years (40.7% vs 0%). No clinically relevant differences were noted in the incidence or types of adverse events within treatment groups in all the age subgroups analyzed. Conclusions: In this subgroup analysis of the HERO study, relugolix was effective regardless of age, and the benefit/risk profile remained favorable for relugolix compared with leuprolide, consistent with the overall population. Testosterone recovery was higher in the relugolix group than the leuprolide group for all age subgroups analyzed, with higher rates of recovery in younger versus older men. Clinical trial information: NCT03085095. [Table: see text]
Assessing Global Needs When Identifying Potential Engineering for Global Development Projects (2021)

Abstract With limited time and resources available to carry out Engineering for Global Development (EGD) projects, it can be difficult to know where those resources should be allocated to have greater potential for meaningful impact. It is easy to assume that projects should occur in a particular location based on personal experience or where other development projects are taking place. This can be a consideration, but it may not lead to the greatest social impact. Where to work on a project and what problem to work on are key questions in the early stages of product development in the context of EGD. To aid in this process, this article presents a method for assessing global needs to ensure thoughtful use of limited EGD resources. We introduce a method for identifying locations where there is human need, gaps in technological achievement, and what the work environment is in a country. Results of the method are compared to what countries receive the most foreign aid dollars per capita. Measures were calculated using the principal component analysis on data from development agencies. These results can help practitioners in selecting where to undertake development projects with an eye toward targeting locations that may yield high levels of social impact.
WE‐C‐BRC‐04: Predictive Power of Various PET Measures for Treatment Response Assessment (2009)

Purpose: Assessment of treatment response in solid tumors is essential for disease management but typical response measures are limited and non‐robust. We compared the predictive power of several PET‐based measures in cancer patients receiving therapy. Method and Materials : Fourteen adult patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with sunitinib malate, a molecular targeted agent. Using the cellular proliferation marker [ ]FLT, whole‐body PET/CT scans were acquired pre‐, mid‐, and post‐treatment. Lesions were segmented on PET images and treatment response was assessed via percent change of the following measures: SUV mean , SUV max , SUV peak , SUV total , and PET defined tumor size: unidimensional, bidimensional, and volume. PET response assessment and clinical endpoint of therapy were used independently to classify patients into response categories: partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD). Predictive power and robustness of PET measures were tested by varying response category cutoffs to generate ROC curves and Matthews correlation coefficients (MCC), a classification quality measure. Results: SUV measures demonstrated improved predictive power over PET defined size measures (MCC average : 0.27 vs. 0.21). Of all measures, SUV peak was the most robust response predictor (MCC average : 0.30, MCC max : 1.0), especially for prediction of PR. Of PET defined size measures, bidimensional size was the most robust response predictor. Changes in SUV measures pre‐ to mid‐treatment showed improved predictive power over pre‐ and mid‐ to post‐treatment changes (MCC average : 0.32, 0.27, and 0.22 respectively). Prediction of PR was vastly superior to that of SD and PD (MCC average : 0.44, 0.16, and 0.14 respectively). ROC analysis supported MCC results. Conclusion: Comparison of PET‐based measures revealed that SUV measures were more predictive of response than PET defined size measures. SUV peak , a rarely used functional measure, demonstrated the most robust predictive power. Future treatment response studies should test and implement more robust measures, like SUV peak , for improved response assessment.
A Semantic-Guided LiDAR-Vision Fusion Approach for Moving Objects Segmentation and State Estimation (2022)

Moving Objects Segmentation (MOS) is critical and indispensable for secure intelligent vehicle operation in the dynamic environment. For the state estimation task which is based on the assumption of static surroundings, to identify and filter out the moving objects plays an important role in robust ego-motion estimation. In this paper, a LiDAR-Vision fusion approach is developed to segment moving objects in the scene, which utilizes the LiDAR-based semantic segmentation as a prior and vision-based geometric information for validation. The effectiveness of our approach to segment moving objects is highlighted by the comparison with the traditional robust kernel-based outlier rejection methods. Our approach is bench-marked with three city category sequences in the KITTI dataset, which outperforms the kernel-based methods and achieves the leading results of 77.9% average fitness and 7.65 cm RMSE respectively.
Decoding directional genetic dependencies through orthogonal CRISPR/Cas screens (2017)

Summary Genetic interaction studies are a powerful approach to identify functional interactions between genes. This approach can reveal networks of regulatory hubs and connect uncharacterised genes to well-studied pathways. However, this approach has previously been limited to simple gene inactivation studies. Here, we present an orthogonal CRISPR/Cas-mediated genetic interaction approach that allows the systematic activation of one gene while simultaneously knocking out a second gene in the same cell. We have developed this concept into a quantitative and scalable combinatorial screening platform that allows the parallel interrogation of hundreds of thousands of genetic interactions. We demonstrate that the established platform works robustly to uncover genetic interactions in human cancer cells and to interpret the direction of the flow of genetic information.
The 1:1 Host-Guest Inclusion Complex of 1,1,2,2-Tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (2006)

The crystal structure of the title organic complex molecule was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis to show that it is a 1:1 host-guest inclusion complex. The crystal of the complex is monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4, a = 11.9882(2), b = 24.1533(4), c = 12.7398(2)Å, β = 114.869(1)°, V = 3346.80(9)Å3. The guest 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane molecule is accommodated in the host framework by N-H…O, O-H…N, and C-H…π interactions. This structural feature effectively prevents hydrolysis of the guest with moisture in the air.
Multiparticle production on hydrogen, argon, and xenon targets in a streamer chamber by 200-GeV/<i>c</i>proton and antiproton beams (1982)

Interactions of 200-GeV/c protons and antiprotons on hydrogen, argon, and xenon targets were studied with a streamer-chamber vertex spectrometer at the CERN SPS. Results on multiplicities, rapidity distributions, and correlations are presented and compared with predictions of current models.
Long-Term Fluctuation of Oral Biofilm Microbiota following Different Dietary Phases (2020)

Caries development is associated with shifts in the oral biofilm microbiota and primarily linked to frequent simple carbohydrate consumption. Different nutritional ingredients can either promote or prevent caries development. To investigate the effects of selected ingredients on the oral biofilm microbiota <i>in situ</i>, 11 study participants underwent 3-month-long dietary phases with intake of a regular diet (PI), additional frequent sucrose (PII), milk and yoghurt (PIII), and a diet rich in dietary fiber (PIV) and then returned to their regular diet (PV). Oral biofilm was sampled and analyzed applying 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Additionally, the effect on the enamel was analyzed by measuring enamel surface roughness with laser scanning microscopy. The beta-diversity results showed that the microbiota in all the following phases differed significantly from PI and that the microbial community in PII was significantly different from all other phases. The abundance of the genus <i>Streptococcus</i> fluctuated over the course of the five phases, with a significant increase in PII (<i>P</i> = 0.01), decreasing in PIII and PIV (PIII and PIV versus PII: <i>P</i> < 0.00001) and increasing again toward PV. Other taxa showed various fluctuations of their abundances, with PV returning approximately to the levels of PI. In conclusion, while elevated sucrose consumption favored caries-promoting non-mutans streptococci, frequent milk and yoghurt intake caused a significant decrease in the abundance of these microbial taxa and in addition reduced enamel surface roughness. These results indicate that modulations of the oral biofilm microbiota can be attained even in adults through dietary changes and corresponding recommendations can be made for the prevention of caries development.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Caries affects a large proportion of the population worldwide, resulting in high treatment costs. Its etiology can be ascribed to shifts of the microbiota in dental biofilms primarily driven by dietary factors. It is unclear how diet affects the microbial community of plaque biofilm <i>in situ</i> and whether it can be modulated to help prevent caries development. To address these issues, we analyzed changes of the <i>in situ</i> plaque microbiota following 3-month-long dietary changes involving elevated sucrose, dairy, and dietary fiber consumption over a period of 15 months. Applying high-throughput sequencing, we found non-mutans streptococci, a taxonomic group involved in the beginning stages toward microbial dysbiosis, in decreased abundance with elevated dairy and dietary fiber intake. Through analysis of the enamel surface roughness, these effects were confirmed. Therefore, correspondent dietary measures can be recommended for children as well as adults for caries prevention.
Fatigue crack growth behavior of a single crystal alloy as observed through an in situ fatigue loading stage (1988)

An in situ fatigue loading stage inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the fatigue crack growth behavior of a PWA 1480 single-crystal nickel-based superalloy. The loading stage permits real-time viewing of the fatigue damage processes at high magnification. The PWA 1480 single-crystal, single-edge notch specimens were tested with the load axis parallel to the (100) orientation. Two distinct fatigue failure mechanisms were identified. The crack growth rate differed substantially when the failure occurred on a single slip system in comparison to multislip system failure. Two processes by which crack branching is produced were identified and are discussed. Also discussed are the observed crack closure mechanisms.
Supersystem Programming with Model (1986)

The inherent complexity mission-critical supersystems brings to focus the many difficulties generally encountered in software development. Such technical areas as optimizing hardware/software efficiency, synchronizing multiple instruction streams, evaluating real-time constraints, coping with massive computations and supporting progressive system evolution through the system life cycle pose a formidable challenge to software developers. Adding the task of detecting and correcting errors and attaining high confidence in supersystem performance nearly overtaxes even the most expert and skilled programmers. Because of these special difficulties, the conventional software development process - especially strict division into phases for requirements, design, coding and testing - must be abandoned. Typically, these phases are followed circularly, so an error in one phase is propagated to other phases until it is detected and corrected in all places. The authors advocate, instead, that the computer be used in the design as requirements are developed. The results are rapid feedback on design constraints and on errors in the requirements, more exhaustive design checking, and the evaluation of many more designs. To simplify interactions, the user can view the supersystem statically as a network of data relations or transformations. This view also facilitates modificatons during the development. The automatic system cooperates with themore » user in composing the specification by checking it and soliciting changes and additions, and eventually by producing dynamic object computations. The completed system becomes a by-product of an extended progressive requirements determination and correction phase.« less
Upward Max-Min Fairness in Multipath High-Speed Networks (2021)

To take full advantage of the available network capacity, connections need to be able to use multiple paths to route their packets. Max-min fairness (MMF) can be effectively applied to single-path networks, but computing MMF rates in multipath networks requires solving a series of linear programming (LP) problems with high computational cost. Thus, a relaxation of MMF has been proposed, namely, upward max-min fairness (UMMF), which can be solved by simple combinatorial algorithms. Current proposals carry out incremental approximations emulating the waterfilling algorithm, which inherently establishes a dependency between the time required to achieve the optimal solution and the capacity of the links. Thus, the more capacity the network has, the less efficient the algorithms are. We defined the concept of the saturation level as the basis for the computation of fair shares. We developed the first centralized algorithm based on this concept, which we call c-SLEN. Unlike its predecessors, its convergence time does not depend on network capacity, and it does not incur link oversaturation. Based on c-SLEN, we derived d-SLEN, a distributed protocol that does not need to maintain per-subflow information in routers and guarantees constant processing time for control packets, making it a good candidate for practical use. Finally, through extensive simulations, we showed that d-SLEN is faster, lighter, and more accurate than its counterparts. Owing to its accuracy and convergence speed, it is able to maintain the size of link queues at minimal values at all times, thus proactively avoiding network congestion.
Mutant Huntingtin Is Secreted via a Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Unconventional Secretory Pathway (2017)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG triplet in the gene encoding for huntingtin (Htt). The resulting mutant protein (mHtt) with extended polyglutamine (polyQ) sequence at the N terminus leads to neuronal degeneration both in a cell-autonomous and a non-cell-autonomous manner. Recent studies identified mHtt in the extracellular environment and suggested that its spreading contributes to toxicity, but the mechanism of mHtt release from the cell of origin remains unknown. In this study, we performed a comprehensive, unbiased analysis of secretory pathways and identified an unconventional lysosomal pathway as an important mechanism for mHtt secretion in mouse neuroblastoma and striatal cell lines, as well as in primary neurons. mHtt secretion was dependent on synaptotagmin 7, a regulator of lysosomal secretion, and inhibited by chemical ablation of late endosomes/lysosomes, suggesting a lysosomal secretory pattern. mHtt was targeted preferentially to the late endosomes/lysosomes compared with wild-type Htt. Importantly, we found that late endosomal/lysosomal targeting and secretion of mHtt could be inhibited efficiently by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and neutral sphingomyelinase chemical inhibitors, Ly294002 and GW4869, respectively. Together, our data suggest a lysosomal mechanism of mHtt secretion and offer potential strategies for pharmacological modulation of its neuronal secretion.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> This is the first study examining the mechanism of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) secretion in an unbiased manner. We found that the protein is secreted via a late endosomal/lysosomal unconventional secretory pathway. Moreover, mHtt secretion can be reduced significantly by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitors. Understanding and manipulating the secretion of mHtt is important because of its potentially harmful propagation in the brain.
Camel Gate Field Effect Transistors. (1983)

An alternative field effect transistor (FET) structure to the junction FET (JFET) and the metal-semiconductor FET (MESFET), the camel gate FET (CAMFET), is described. This device uses the voltage-variable depletion width of a camel disode for modulating the channel current. By varying the structural parameters of the CAMET, a wide variety of FET characteristics may be obtained. CAMFETSs can be designed to yield relatively voltage independent transconductances, large for ward turn-on voltages, and large gate-drain breakdown voltages, all of which are desirable in large signal applications. CAMFETs with large transconductances. desirable in logic applications, may also be obtained. Together with ease of fabrication and potentially improved reliabilities and yields, the many advantagesof CAMFETs appear to point to a promising future in both discrete and large scale integrated circuit applications.