gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mixed approach to risk aggregation using hierarchical copulas (2013)

Risk aggregation is the roll-up of low-level risks or sub-risks to higher levels. Risk management for banks or insurance institutions involves risk measurement and risk control at the individual risk level, including market risk, credit risk and operational risks, and also the aggregated risk of these individual risks. To determine the total enterprise risk for a financial institution, all risks must be aggregated. An accurate estimation of the total risk is necessary to control and manage the risk. Risk aggregation is a challenge because it requires an aggregated view of various levels of reporting risks, with differences in metrics and differences in data sources, etc. It is especially complex to aggregate risk when the joint dependence between all the individual risks has to be specified. Indeed, a common view of the dependence between all individual risks may not be available. It is well known that the copula approach provides a way of isolating the marginal behaviour of individual risks from the description of their dependence structure. Further, allowing a mixed approach to specify copula dependence between individual risks allows that risk dependence to be specified step by step. That is, decomposed in partial sums, which are more easily understood. Mixed copula aggregation does not fully specify the joint distribution but rather provides the minimum amount of information to determine the aggregate risk. This approach allows users to specify different dependence characteristics as is needed and the model complexity can be adjusted to the complexity required by the aggregation.
Lipid/Polyelectrolyte Coatings to Control Carbon Nanotubes Intracellular Distribution (2012)

Carbon Nanotubes have been functionalized with a layer of poly (sulfopropyl methacrylate) synthesized from silane initiators attached to the walls of the Carbon nanotubes. On top of the poly sulfo propyl methacrylate, lipid vesicles composed of 75% 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine and 25% 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L-Serine] were assembled. The surface modification of the Carbon Nanotubes and lipid assembly were followed by TEM. Confocal Raman Microscopy was used to study the uptake and localization of the surface modified Carbon Nanotubes in the HepG2 cell line. The localization of the Carbon Nanotubes in the cells was affected by the surface coating. It was found that poly (sulfopropyl methacrylate) and lipid modified Carbon Nanotubes were present in the region of the lipid bodies in the cytoplasm.
Development of the Space-Resolved Solid-Phase Microextraction Technique and Its Application to Biological Matrices (2009)

To facilitate rapid in situ analyte monitoring within heterogeneous samples, a space-resolved solid phase microextraction (SR-SPME) technique was developed that utilized miniaturized segmented fibers. Initially, a multilayered agarose gel was used to determine the effects of diffusion-based mass transfer and fiber dimension on the space-resolving capability of SPME. For diazepam within agarose gel, the SR-SPME limit of detection was 2.5 ng/mL, with a linear dynamic range up to 500 ng/mL. The efficacy of the SR-SPME technique was further evaluated within diverse biological matrices (onion bulb, fish muscle, and adipose tissues) containing stratified pharmaceutical analytes. Empirically, the results agreed well with established techniques such as microdialysis and liquid extraction, but SR-SPME was simpler to implement, displayed higher spatial resolution, and was more cost-effective than traditional approaches. Additionally, the segmented design of the SPME fibers and stepwise desorption protocols offer potential advantages within high throughput applications.
MDP optimal control under temporal logic constraints (2011)

In this paper, we develop a method to automatically generate a control policy for a dynamical system modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The control specification is given as a Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formula over a set of propositions defined on the states of the MDP. We synthesize a control policy such that the MDP satisfies the given specification almost surely, if such a policy exists. In addition, we designate an “optimizing proposition” to be repeatedly satisfied, and we formulate a novel optimization criterion in terms of minimizing the expected cost in between satisfactions of this proposition. We propose a sufficient condition for a policy to be optimal, and develop a dynamic programming algorithm that synthesizes a policy that is optimal under some conditions, and sub-optimal otherwise. This problem is motivated by robotic applications requiring persistent tasks, such as environmental monitoring or data gathering, to be performed.
Three Successful Black Oil Foamer Applications in Deepwater GoM (2019)

Abstract Deepwater Gulf of Mexico wells that exhibit liquid loading and subsea flowlines that suffer fluid slugging are both common issues that have historically been difficult to mitigate without expensive hardware changes or deferral of production. A novel black oil foamer (BOF) chemical technology has shown to be able to mitigate liquid loading, increase production, and reduce fluid slugging in both dry tree wells, subsea wells, and subsea flowlines. This presentation will detail three example cases where the black oil foamer technology was utilized successfully. For the first example case, liquid loading was the primary issue leading to shortened production time between shut-ins, causing slugging, and reduced overall production rates. For the second example, significant slugging was experienced in an 18-mile subsea tieback to the point that the field would be shut in for topside vessel level controller issues. The final case trialed different well lineups that would historically cause severe slugging in an 11 mile subsea tieback. In the first example, the benefits of using the black oil foamer included increased oil production and greatly improved well uptime, as well as significantly reducing slugging. The benefits demonstrated in the second and third examples were a significant reduction in slugging, allowing the field to operate with minimal shut-in risk and reducing equipment damage. Novel &amp; Additive Information All three examples have proven the concept of using the black oil foamer chemistry to manage liquid loading and slugging risks in deepwater applications in an economically advantageous way.
Up-Regulation of Gene Related to Anergy in Lymphocytes Is Associated with Notch-Mediated Human T Cell Suppression (2007)

A growing body of literature indicates that the Notch pathway can influence the activation and differentiation of peripheral murine T cells, though comparatively little is known about the effects of Notch signaling in human T cells. In the present report we demonstrate that Jagged-1-induced Notch signaling (using immobilized Jagged-1 fusion protein) during stimulation of purified human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells potently inhibits T cell proliferation and effector function, including both Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines. Inhibition of T cell activation is not due to apoptosis or disruption of proximal TCR signaling, but is associated with up-regulation of GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes) in CD4+ T cells, with modest effects on other E3 ubiquitin ligases such as c-Cbl and Itch. When evaluated for its effects on CD4+ T cell differentiation, Jagged-1-mediated signaling inhibits T cell cytokine secretion with no significant effect on proliferative responses. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Notch signaling in human T cells induced by Jagged-1 promotes a novel form of T cell hyporesponsiveness that differs from anergy, whereby primary T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion are potently inhibited, and effector function but not proliferative capacity are ameliorated upon secondary stimulation.
Computation and visualisation of reachable distribution network substation voltage (2017)

In this work, the authors present two visualisations of the controllability of substation voltage in a multiphase distribution network with distributed energy resources (DER). The authors utilise a linearised unbalanced power flow model to formulate a mathematical program that determines the voltage feasibility and cost (in terms of DER control effort) to move substation voltages. The algorithms are tested via numerical simulations on an IEEE test feeder.
Review on Mechanisms of Phosphate Solubilization in Rock Phosphate Fertilizer (2022)

Phosphorous (P) is an indispensable element for all life forms. Even though P is applied to the soil mostly in fertilizer, it has been found to be inefficient, because only a small portion of the applied P which is supplied is actually utilized by the plant. Therefore, there is a critical need to increase the solubilization of P in order to make it readily available for plants. Various methods of solubilizing P from Rock Phosphate (RP) are discussed in detail in this review article, which includes physical treatments, chemical treatments, and application of microorganisms as well. One of the main methods of P solubilization is the application of organic acids. Since citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid, it can act as a very good chelating agent to chelate with metal cations. Therefore, usage of citric acid to solubilize P from RP and mechanism are briefly discussed in this article. Further, methods for P solubilization such as colorimetric, volumetric, and gravimetric methods have been discussed in brief.
Glutamate Uptake in Synaptic Plasticity: From Mollusc to Mammal (2002)

A great deal of research has been directed toward understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity and memory formation. To this point, most research has focused on the more "active" components of synaptic transmission: presynaptic transmitter release and postsynaptic transmitter receptors. Little work has been done characterizing the role neurotransmitter transporters might play during changes in synaptic efficacy. We review several new experiments that demonstrate glutamate transporters are regulated during changes in the efficacy of glutamatergic synapses. This regulation occurred during long-term facilitation of the sensorimotor synapse of Aplysia and long-term potentiation of the Schaffer-collateral synapse of the rat. We propose that glutamate transporters are "co-regulated" with other molecules/processes involved in synaptic plasticity, and that this process is phylogenetically conserved. These new findings indicate that glutamate transporters most likely play a more active role in neurotransmission than previously believed.
A functional membranous acceptor for dendrotoxin in rat brain: solubilization of the binding component (1985)

Conference Article| April 01 1985 A functional membranous acceptor for dendrotoxin in rat brain: solubilization of the binding component FUAD MEHRABAN; FUAD MEHRABAN 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ADRIAN R. BLACK; ADRIAN R. BLACK 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ALEXANDER L. BREEZE; ALEXANDER L. BREEZE 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DAVID G. GREEN; DAVID G. GREEN 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. OLIVER DOLLY J. OLIVER DOLLY 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1985) 13 (2): 507–508. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130507 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation FUAD MEHRABAN, ADRIAN R. BLACK, ALEXANDER L. BREEZE, DAVID G. GREEN, J. OLIVER DOLLY; A functional membranous acceptor for dendrotoxin in rat brain: solubilization of the binding component. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1985; 13 (2): 507–508. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130507 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: DTX, dendrotoxin, β-Butx, β-bungarotoxin This content is only available as a PDF. © 1985 Biochemical Society1985 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Virulence of Three Strains of Staphyloccus aureus Isolated from Clinically Infected Bovine Mammary Glands (1980)

Factors in the ability of three strains of Staphylococcus aureus to cause bovine mastitis were studied. Each strain was evaluated fro growth rate, clump size, and resistance to phagocytosis and intracellular kill by polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from milk of nine cows. Variation among cows in the ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to phagocytose and of skim milk to support phagocytosis was assessed. Virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus had a smaller clump size (1.5 colony forming units [CFU]/clump) than the less virulent strain (2.6 CFU/clump) after 180 min of growth in skim milk samples. When the skim milk samples were sonicated to disperse the staphylococci, population density of strains of Staphylococcus aureus did not differ. Phagocytosis and total number of staphylococci killed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes were depressed for virulent strains. Ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from individual cows to phagocytose each strain of Staphylococcus aureus varied. The correlation with treated cases of clinical mastitis per lactation was -.54. The ability of skim milk to support phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes also differed among cows. The correlation with treated cases of clinical mastitis per lactation was -.51.
HGG-09. TARGETING FACILITATES CHROMATIN TRANSCRIPTION (FACT) AS A NOVEL STRATEGY THAT ENHANCES RESPONSE TO HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITION IN DIPG (2021)

Abstract DIPG is an aggressive and incurable childhood brain tumour for which new treatments are needed. A high throughput drug screen of 3500 pharmaceutical compounds identified anti-malarials, including quinacrine as having potent activity against DIPG neurospheres. CBL0137, a compound modelled on quinacrine, is a novel anti-cancer compound which targets Facilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT), a chromatin remodelling complex involved in transcription, replication, and DNA repair. CBL0137 effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier and has recently completed Phase I testing in adult patients. CBL0137 induced apoptosis in DIPG neurospheres and had profound cytotoxic activity against a panel of DIPG cultures. In a DIPG orthotopic model, treatment with CBL0137 significantly improved survival. We found that treatment with CBL0137 up-regulated TP53 and increased histone H3.3 acetylation and tri-methylation in DIPG cells. We therefore examined the interaction between CBL0137 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat. In vitro experiments showed that the two agents had profound synergistic activity against DIPG neurospheres in clonogenic assays and enhanced caspase activation and apoptosis. The FACT subunit SSRP1 was found to directly interact with H3.3K27M and treatment with CBL0137 targeted this epigenetic defect, restoring histone H3.3 trimethylation and leading to tumor cell death. Transcriptomic analysis and immunoblotting indicated that combination treatment activated signalling pathways controlled by Retinoblastoma (RB)/E2F1 and subsequently increased phosphorylation and enzymatic activity of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Consistent with the in vitro results, the combination of CBL0137 and panobinostat significantly prolonged survival in two independent orthotopic models of DIPG, while histological analysis showed restoration of H3K27me3 and decreased Ki67 positive cells. In addition to panobinostat, CBL0137 has been found to combine synergistically in vitro and in vivo with PARP and BET inhibitors. Given these promising results, a paediatric trial of CBL0137 will open through the Children’s Oncology Group with an expansion cohort for DIPG patients.
Effect of Cathode-Plasma Coupling on Plasma Torch Operation Predicted by a 3D Two-Temperature Electric Arc Model (2023)

Abstract In a DC plasma spray torch, the plasma-forming gas is the most intensively heated and accelerated at the cathode arc attachment due to the very high electric current density at this location. A proper prediction of the cathode arc attachment is, therefore, essential for understanding the plasma jet formation and cathode operation. However, numerical studies of the cathode arc attachment mostly deal with transferred arcs or conventional plasma torches with tapered cathodes. In this study, a 3D time-dependent two-temperature model of electric arc combined with a cathode sheath model is applied to the commercial cascaded-anode plasma torch SinplexPro fitted with a wide single cathode. The model is used to investigate the effect of the cathode sheath model and bidirectional cathode-plasma coupling on the predicted cathode arc attachment and plasma flow. The model of the plasma-cathode interface takes into account the non-equilibrium space-charge sheath to establish the thermal and electric current balance at the interface. The radial profiles of cathode sheath parameters (voltage drop, electron temperature at the interface, Schottky reduction in the work function) were computed on the surface of the cathode tip and used at the cathode-plasma interface in the model of plasma torch operation. The latter is developed in the open-source CFD software Code_Saturne. It makes it possible to calculate the plasma flow fields inside and outside the plasma torch as well as the enthalpy and electromagnetic fields in the gas phase and electrodes. This study shows that the inclusion of the cathode sheath model in the two-temperature MHD model results in a higher constriction of the cathode arc attachment, more plausible cathode surface temperature distribution, more reliable prediction of the torch voltage and cooling loss, and more consistent thermal balance in the torch.
Microarray-Based Analysis of the<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>σ<sup>B</sup>Regulon (2004)

Microarray-based analysis of the transcriptional profiles of the genetically distinct Staphylococcus aureus strains COL, GP268, and Newman indicate that a total of 251 open reading frames (ORFs) are influenced by sigmaB activity. While sigmaB was found to positively control 198 genes by a factor of > or =2 in at least two of the three genetic lineages analyzed, 53 ORFs were repressed in the presence of sigmaB. Gene products that were found to be influenced by sigmaB are putatively involved in all manner of cellular processes, including cell envelope biosynthesis and turnover, intermediary metabolism, and signaling pathways. Most of the genes and/or operons identified as upregulated by sigmaB were preceded by a nucleotide sequence that resembled the sigmaB consensus promoter sequence of Bacillus subtilis. A conspicuous number of virulence-associated genes were identified as regulated by sigmaB activity, with many adhesins upregulated and prominently represented in this group, while transcription of various exoproteins and toxins were repressed. The data presented here suggest that the sigmaB of S. aureus controls a large regulon and is an important modulator of virulence gene expression that is likely to act conversely to RNAIII, the effector molecule of the agr locus. We propose that this alternative transcription factor may be of importance for the invading pathogen to fine-tune its virulence factor production in response to changing host environments.
Always Best Located, a pervasive positioning system (2007)

A new concept called always best located (ABL) is introduced to achieve an indoor-outdoor pervasive positioning system. Based upon currently deployed technologies, this positioning system is shown to meet the requirements of both coverage and radio localization accuracy. Results issued of an intensive measurements campaign are used to assess the value of the predicted results
Wet Dust Deposition Across Texas During the 2012 Drought: An Overlooked Pathway for Elemental Flux to Ecosystems (2018)

Abstract Airborne dust can alter ecosystem productivity and biogeochemical cycling by enhancing atmospheric nutrient and pollutant deposition. Wet dust deposition (dust‐in‐rain) is less frequently quantified than dry deposition but represents a potentially significant flux to ecosystems. We quantified dust‐in‐rain event frequency, dust influence on rainwater ionic and elemental composition, and wet dissolved and particulate deposition during weeks affected by dust‐in‐rain and all other weeks (background samples) at two sites across Texas (one arid, Guadalupe Mountains, and one humid, Gulf coastal prairie) during the centennial‐scale 2012 drought. Although dust‐in‐rain was sporadic, a clear dust signature was evident in rainwater. Compared to background samples, crustal species (Fe and Mn) were more prevalent than anthropogenic species (Cu and Zn) in dust‐in‐rain. Volume‐weighted mean rainwater concentrations of K + , Na + , and Cl − and of all particulate elements were also significantly greater in dust‐in‐rain than in background samples. In the Guadalupe Mountains, West Texas, dust‐in‐rain contributed nearly 50% of annual wet dissolved Na + and Cl − and 22–35% of dissolved Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , and PO 4 3− deposition. In the Gulf coastal prairie, East Texas, dust‐in‐rain delivered 19%, 13%, and 9% of annual wet dissolved PO 4 3− , Ca 2+ , and K + deposition, respectively. A major proportion of annual wet particulate deposition (&gt;56% in Guadalupe Mountains and ~30% in Gulf coastal prairie) similarly occurred with dust‐in‐rain. Our findings show that infrequent dust‐in‐rain events constitute an important but overlooked pathway for elemental flux to ecosystems in arid source and humid receptor sites during severe drought. Quantifying these fluxes is crucial to determine dust impacts on ecosystem processes.
S100A1 codistributes with synapsin I in discrete brain areas and inhibits the F‐actin‐bundling activity of synapsin I (2004)

The Ca2+-sensor protein S100A1 was recently shown to bind in vitro to synapsins, a family of synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. In this paper, we analyzed the distribution of S100A1 and synapsin I in the CNS and investigated the effects of the S100A1/synapsin binding on the synapsin functional properties. Subcellular fractionation of rat brain homogenate revealed that S100A1 is present in the soluble fraction of isolated nerve endings. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunogold immunocytochemistry demonstrated that S100A1 and synapsin codistribute in a subpopulation (5-20%) of nerve terminals in the mouse cerebral and cerebellar cortices. By forming heterocomplexes with either dephosphorylated or phosphorylated synapsin I, S100A1 caused a dose- and Ca2+-dependent inhibition of synapsin-induced F-actin bundling and abolished synapsin dimerization, without affecting the binding of synapsin to F-actin, G-actin or synaptic vesicles. These data indicate that: (i) synapsins and S100A1 can interact in the nerve terminals where they are coexpresssed; (ii) S100A1 is unable to bind to SV-associated synapsin I and may function as a cytoplasmic store of monomeric synapsin I; and (iii) synapsin dimerization and interaction with S100A1 are mutually exclusive, suggesting an involvement of S100A1 in the Ca2+-dependent regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking.