gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5G transport network requirements for the next generation fronthaul interface (2017)

To meet the requirements of 5G mobile networks, several radio access technologies, such as millimeter wave communications and massive MIMO, are being proposed. In addition, cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architectures are considered instrumental to fully exploit the capabilities of future 5G RANs. However, RAN centralization imposes stringent requirements on the transport network, which today are addressed with purpose-specific and expensive fronthaul links. As the demands on future access networks rise, so will the challenges in the fronthaul and backhaul segments. It is hence of fundamental importance to consider the design of transport networks alongside the definition of future access technologies to avoid the transport becoming a bottleneck. Therefore, we analyze in this work the impact that future RAN technologies will have on the transport network and on the design of the next generation fronthaul interface. To understand the especially important impact of varying user traffic, we utilize measurements from a real-world 4G network and, taking target 5G performance figures into account, extrapolate its statistics to a 5G scenario. With this, we derive both per-cell and aggregated data rate requirements for 5G transport networks. In addition, we show that the effect of statistical multiplexing is an important factor to reduce transport network capacity requirements and costs. Based on our investigations, we provide guidelines for the development of the 5G transport network architecture.
Cyclic Oxidation Modeling and Life Prediction (2004)

The cyclic oxidation process can be described as an iterative scale growth and spallation sequence by a number of similar models. Model input variable include oxide scale type and growth parameters, spalling geometry, spall constant, and cycle duration. Outputs include net weight change, the amounts of retained and spalled oxide, the total oxygen and metal consumed, and the terminal rates of weight loss and metal consumption. All models and their variations produce a number of similar characteristic features. In general, spalling and material consumption increase to a steady state rate, at which point the retained scale approaches a constant and the rate of weight loss becomes linear. For one model, this regularity was demonstrated as dimensionless, universal expressions, obtained by normalizing the variables by critical performance factors. These insights were enabled through the use of the COSP for Windows cyclic oxidation spalling program.
Matching an immersion medium’s refractive index to a cell’s cytosol isolates organelle scattering (2022)

Angularly-resolved light scattering has been proven to be an early detector of subtle changes in organelle size due to its sensitivity to scatterer size and refractive index contrast. However, for cells immersed in media with a refractive index close to 1.33, the cell itself acts as a larger scatterer and contributes its own angular signature. This whole-cell scattering, highly dependent on the cell's shape and size, is challenging to distinguish from the desired organelle scattering signal. This degrades the accuracy with which organelle size information can be extracted from the angular scattering. To mitigate this effect, we manipulate the refractive index of the immersion medium by mixing it with a water-soluble, biocompatible, high-refractive-index liquid. This approach physically reduces the amount of whole-cell scattering by minimizing the refractive index contrast between the cytosol and the modified medium. We demonstrate this technique on live cells adherent on a coverslip, using Fourier transform light scattering to compute the angular scattering from complex field images. We show that scattering from the cell: media refractive index contrast contributes significant scattering at angles up to twenty degrees and that refractive index-matching reduces such low-angle scatter by factors of up to 4.5. This result indicates the potential of refractive index-matching for improving the estimates of organelle size distributions in single cells.
X-ray Structure of Citrate Bound to Src SH2 Leads to a High-Affinity, Bone-Targeted Src SH2 Inhibitor (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTX-ray Structure of Citrate Bound to Src SH2 Leads to a High-Affinity, Bone-Targeted Src SH2 InhibitorRegine S. Bohacek, David C. Dalgarno, Marcos Hatada, Virginia A. Jacobsen, Berkley A. Lynch, Karina J. Macek, Taylor Merry, Chester A. Metcalf, Surinder S. Narula, Tomi K. Sawyer, William C. Shakespeare, Shelia M. Violette, and Manfred WeigeleView Author Information ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4234 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 5, 660–663Publication Date (Web):February 6, 2001Publication History Received22 June 2000Published online6 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm0002681https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0002681rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views543Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Ligands,Noncovalent interactions,Peptides and proteins,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Experience with a multidisciplinary antenatal diagnosis and management model in fetal medicine (2003)

The MADAM model functions as a forum for exchange of up-to-date scientific information, development of evidence-based treatment protocols and continuity of care through the pre-, peri- and postnatal periods.
The Use of Low-Pass Filters as Impedance Inverters for Highly Miniaturized Superconducting Bandstop Filter Designs (2010)

Low-pass filters are implemented as impedance inverters for a bandstop filter design. The choice of the order of the low-pass filter impacts the usable passband bandwidth of the bandstop filter. A great savings in size occurs when implemented with highly miniaturized low temperature superconducting lumped elements. A standard multilayer niobium based fabrication process is used to fabricate the lumped element bandstop filter. The filter is tested and suggestions are made to further improve the return loss outside of the rejection band.
Two-dimensional Mineral [Pb2BiS3][AuTe2]: High mobility Charge Carriers in Single-atom-thick Layers (2015)

Two-dimensional (2D) electronic systems are of wide interest due to their richness in chemical and physical phenomena and potential for technological applications. Here we report that [Pb2BiS3][AuTe2], known as the naturally occurring mineral buckhornite, hosts 2D carriers in single-atom-thick layers. The structure is composed of stacking layers of weakly coupled [Pb2BiS3] and [AuTe2] sheets. The insulating [Pb2BiS3] sheet inhibits interlayer charge hopping and confines the carriers in the basal plane of the single-atom-thick [AuTe2] layer. Magneto-transport measurements on synthesized samples and theoretical calculations show that [Pb2BiS3][AuTe2] is a multiband semimetal with a compensated density of electrons and holes, which exhibits a high hole carrier mobility of ∼1360 cm2/(V s). This material possesses an extremely large anisotropy, Γ = ρc/ρab ≈ 104, comparable to those of the benchmark 2D materials graphite and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O6+δ. The electronic structure features linear band dispersion at the Fermi ...
Computer aided diagnosis system developed for ultrasound diagnosis of liver lesions using deep learning (2019)

The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine (JSUM) is currently constructing an ultrasound image database. This database collects B-mode images of liver tumors and breast tumors, and B-mode videos of heart disease. In the past year, 31,000 liver tumor images have been collected from 11 institutions and 14,000 breast tumor images have been collected from 5 institutions. We are developing computer-aided detection (CADe) and computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems for liver and breast tumors based on deep learning using this database. In this paper, we report on CADx to estimate liver tumor types as a first trial. The data used in this study are 159 cyst cases (338 images), 68 hemangioma cases (279 images), 73 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases (241 images), and 24 metastatic liver cancer cases (122 images), collected at one facility. We developed the CADx system that estimates four types of liver tumor using a convolutional neural network based on VGGNet. The accuracy of the developed 4-class classification CADx was 88.0%. The accuracy by tumor type was 98.1% for cysts, 86.8% for hemangiomas, 86.3% for HCC, and 29.2% for metastatic liver cancer, with increasing accuracy observed for larger data sets. We also developed CADx to estimate whether a liver tumor is benign or malignant. The accuracy of this 2-class classification CADx was 94.8%, the sensitivity was 93.8%, and the specificity was 95.2%. Both 4-class classification and 2-class classification CADx had relatively high accuracy. However, in this study, we used only a small amount data collected from a single facility. In the future, we plan to verify our results using a larger amount of data collected from multiple facilities. In addition, we prototyped CAD software and are currently developing it with feedback from doctors.
Electrophysiological evaluation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes obtained by different methods (2021)

The human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) (hiPSC-CMs) retain the same genetic information as the donor, and they have been shown to faithfully recapitulate the disease phenotypes of various genetic cardiac diseases. The hiPSC-CMs can be utilized in multiple types of studies and in most cases, the functionality of hiPSC-CMs is of interest. For the functional analyses, the hiPSC-CMs need to be manipulated after differentiation, e.g. enriched or dissociated into single-cell stage. For the functional assessments to be reliable and reproducible, the cell culture environment should support the cells in an optimal manner. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various differentiation methods, as well as coating materials used for the dissociated cells on the functionality of the differentiated hiPSC-CMs. The different protocols not only had different differentiation efficiencies, but they also yielded functionally different hiPSC-CMs. Additionally, the coating material had a major effect on the functionality of the hiPSC-CMs. The results of the present study emphasize that the cardiac differentiation method and the coating material have a major effect on hiPS-CMs' characteristics. Thus, when different hiPSC lines and results obtained in different labs are compared, extra care should be taken to check the conditions when results are compared.
Safety Evaluation And Risk Assessment Of<i>d</i>-Limonene (2013)

d-Limonene, a major constituent of citrus oils, is a monoterpene widely used as a flavor/fragrance additive in cosmetics, foods, and industrial solvents as it possesses a pleasant lemon-like odor. d-Limonene has been designated as a chemical with low toxicity based upon lethal dose (LD50) and repeated-dose toxicity studies when administered orally to animals. However, skin irritation or sensitizing potential was reported following widespread use of this agent in various consumer products. In experimental animals and humans, oxidation products or metabolites of d-limonene were shown to act as skin irritants. Carcinogenic effects have also been observed in male rats, but the mode of action (MOA) is considered irrelevant for humans as the protein α(2u)-globulin responsible for this effect in rodents is absent in humans. Thus, the liver was identified as a critical target organ following oral administration of d-limonene. Other than the adverse dermal effects noted in humans, other notable toxic effects of d-limonene have not been reported. The reference dose (RfD), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), and the systemic exposure dose (SED) were determined and found to be 2.5 mg/kg/d, 250 mg/kg//d, and 1.48 mg/kg/d, respectively. Consequently, the margin of exposure (MOE = NOAEL/SED) of 169 was derived based upon the data, and the hazard index (HI = SED/RfD) for d-limonene is 0.592. Taking into consideration conservative estimation, d-limonene appears to exert no serious risk for human exposure. Based on adverse effects and risk assessments, d-limonene may be regarded as a safe ingredient. However, the potential occurrence of skin irritation necessitates regulation of this chemical as an ingredient in cosmetics. In conclusion, the use of d-limonene in cosmetics is safe under the current regulatory guidelines for cosmetics.
Design of a 16 x 16 fast-gated SPAD imager with 16 integrated shared picosecond TDCs for non-line-of-sight imaging (2019)

We present the design of a new fast-gated 16 x 16 silicon SPAD array developed in a 0.16 μm BCD technology with builtin 6 ps resolution TDCs (Time-to-Digital Converters), optimized for Non-Line-Of-Sight imaging. The high temporal resolution is achieved by sharing one high-performance TDC among 16 SPADs, without losing spatial resolution, thanks to an identification logic capable of detecting and rejecting collisions. In the SPAD frontend, a low-threshold comparator minimizes temporal jitter, while an active quenching circuit reduces afterpulsing. An event-driven readout scheme optimizes data transfers, however a standard frame-driven photon-counting only mode is also available. The goal is to enable quasi real-time NLOS scene reconstruction by parallelizing the acquisition across multiple spots. Thanks to its high temporal resolution, the detector can be exploited also in other scientific applications, such as clinical diagnostic (with Time-Domain Near Infrared Spectroscopy) and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging).
Characterization of Degradation in Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Terahertz Spectroscopy (2018)

We investigated degradation of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) by terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. Decreased reflectance at 0.84 THz was observed inferred from the electric degradation of OLED.
The extraction of single-particle diffraction patterns from a multiple-particle diffraction pattern (2013)

The structures of biological molecules may soon be determined with X-ray free-electron lasers without crystallization by recording the coherent diffraction patterns of many identical copies of a molecule. Most analysis methods require a measurement of each molecule individually. However, current injection methods deliver particles to the X-ray beam stochastically and the maximum yield of single particle measurements is 37% at optimal concentration. The remaining 63% of pulses intercept no particles or multiple particles. We demonstrate that in the latter case single particle diffraction patterns can be extracted provided the particles are sufficiently separated. The technique has the potential to greatly increase the amount of data available for three-dimensional imaging of identical particles with X-ray lasers.
Optimal iron concentrations for growth-associated polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis in the marine photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum under photoheterotrophic condition (2019)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a group of natural biopolyesters that resemble petroleum-derived plastics in terms of physical properties but are less harmful biologically to the environment and humans. Most of the current PHA producers are heterotrophs, which require expensive feeding materials and thus contribute to the high price of PHAs. Marine photosynthetic bacteria are promising alternative microbial cell factories for cost-effective, carbon neutral and sustainable production of PHAs. In this study, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, a marine photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacterium with a high metabolic versatility, was evaluated for cell growth and PHA production under the influence of various media components found in previous studies. We evaluated iron, using ferric citrate, as another essential factor for cell growth and efficient PHA production and confirmed that PHA production in R. sulfidophilum was growth-associated under microaerobic and photoheterotrophic conditions. In fact, a subtle amount of iron (1 to 2 μM) was sufficient to promote rapid cell growth and biomass accumulation, as well as a high PHA volumetric productivity during the logarithmic phase. However, an excess amount of iron did not enhance the growth rate or PHA productivity. Thus, we successfully confirmed that an optimum concentration of iron, an essential nutrient, promotes cell growth in R. sulfidophilum and also enhances PHA utilization.
Novel Synchronous Clock Distribution and Recovery for High-Speed UDWDM-OFDMA-based Mobile Backhaul (2014)

We propose and experimentally verify novel low-complexity clock distribution and recovery for high-speed UDWDM-OFDMA-based mobile backhaul using SSB modulation and envelope detection. 30Gb/s UDWDM-OFDMA transmission with synchronous 50MHz clock distribution over 40km SSMF is achieved.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-7 from Longitudinal, Noninvasive Imaging of T-Cell Effector Function and Proliferation in Living Subjects (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-7 from Longitudinal, Noninvasive Imaging of T-Cell Effector Function and Proliferation in Living Subjects
Recepción de la ecoética en las Estrategias y Programas de Educación Ambiental: análisis comparativo entre España y Ecuador (2020)

Los procesos de educación ambientalson definidoscomo lasacciones que se practican de formapermanente para que tantolos individuoscomolas comunidades se conciencien sobreelmedio y obtenganconocimientos, valores, destrezas, experiencia y determinación a fin deresolverlos problemas ambientales presentes y futuros.Siendo así, la base para la concienciación que se busca a través de la EA debería contemplar ineludiblemente lo que dicta la ecoética, de forma tal quela puesta en marcha de iniciativas (políticas, estrategias, proyectos, planes, programas, y otros) cuyoobjetosea fomentar la educación ambiental,esténvinculadas de manera directacon los principios básicos que rigenla ética del medioambiente. Desde esta consideración, se encuentra pertinente plantear la siguiente pregunta: ¿los programas de educación ambiental que han sido implementados de manera oficialincorporan lo que dicta la ecoética? Adicionalmente, sila respuesta esafirmativa, cabe cuestionar: ¿en qué forma la ecoética es abordada (o receptada) desde dichos programas? y ¿qué semejanzas y diferencias existen entre las recepcioneshechas en cada caso?Con el fin de responder a estas preguntas, se enfocará el análisis en dos casos puntuales de países que han emprendido programasde educación ambiental desde las instancias oficiales en los últimos años; los países que son objeto de este estudio(España y Ecuador)fueron seleccionados por cuanto el estudio se realizaráen estos dos territorios, y aquellopermitirátener acceso a la información necesaria para llevar a cabo el trabajo.
On the boundedness of the global solution of anisotropic quasi-geostrophic equations in Sobolev space (2022)

In this paper, we show that the global solution of the surface anisotropic two-dimensional quasi-geostrophic equation with fractional horizontal dissipation and vertical thermal diffusion established by the author in [2] is bounded in Sobolev spaces uniformly with respect to time.
Distinguishing between target structure and ionization mechanisms in (e,3e) experiments (2002)

Electron impact double ionization with full determination of the kinematics of the collision, (e,3e), can, in principle, provide direct information on the correlated motion of the ejected electrons at the instant of ejection, provided that the mechanism of ejection is known. The symmetries of the observed double ionization cross sections in a variety of kinematic regimes can be used to experimentally investigate ejection mechanisms. The sensitivities of various experimental geometries and kinematic regimes to different ionization mechanisms are discussed in the context of the double ionization of the 3s electrons of magnesium. The practical implications for extracting information about electron correlation are examined.
Effect of reduction on the stability of Pu(VI) hydrolysis species (2010)

Abstract The chemical speciation of aqueous plutonium species has been performed by spectrophotometry. The main focus was concentrated on the effect of Pu(V) produced by the reduction of Pu(VI) on the stability of the Pu(VI) hydrolysis species. In order to detect the trace amounts of PuO 2 + ions, a liquid waveguide capillary cell with an optical path length of 100 cm was connected to a spectrophotometer. As a consequence of the improved detection sensitivity, an absorption band at 569 nm being indicative of Pu(V) was observed within one day after the sample preparation from the pure Pu(VI) solution. The first hydrolysis species was (PuO 2 ) 2 (OH) 2 2+ , at plutonium concentrations of 0.1–0.12 mM and at weak acidic conditions (pH 5–6). The formation constant of (PuO 2 ) 2 (OH) 2 2+ was determined to be log * β′ 22 =−7.34±0.22 at 0.01 M NaClO 4 . This dinuclear hydroxide species was unstable and disappeared within one month after the sample preparation at the present experimental condition. In the neutral pH range, the second hydrolysis species was formed and remained for over one year. The samples showed different behavior for the reduction of Pu(VI). The time dependent distribution of plutonium species and their characteristic features in the absorption spectra are reported.
Slow-fast decomposition of an inertialess flow of viscoelastic fluids (2012)

We study frequency responses of an inertialess two-dimensional channel flow of viscoelastic fluids. By rewriting the evolution equations in terms of low-pass filtered versions of the stream function, we show that strongly-elastic flows can be brought into a standard singularly perturbed form that exhibits a slow-fast decomposition. In high-Weissenberg number regime, which is notoriously difficult to study numerically, we demonstrate that the frequency responses are reliably captured by the dynamics of the fast subsystem. We use numerical computations to validate our theoretical findings and to illustrate that our formulation does not suffer from spurious numerical instabilities.