gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biophotonics web application for computer simulations in diffuse optics: fostering multidisciplinary education and research (2022)

Computer simulations (CS) are applied for instrument design, feasibility tests and education in low-resource settings. These applications have been targeted by research biophotonics CS. However, software enabling these CS were not designed for education, as they require programming experience from users as well as specialized training to use it. In this study, we have developed and tested a diffuse-optics web application to teach tissue optics to undergraduate students with diverse learning styles and backgrounds. Students’ feedback showed that CS session using our web app received 84.6% “Very good” and ““Good” responses for overall learning, 76.9% for quality of the user manual instructions, 92.3% for quality of teaching, 100.0% for quality of subject matter among the participant respondents. Also, 92.3% of participants considered CS important for their learning process.
Birefringence of high‐pressure injection‐molded high‐density polyethylene at 70.5 μm wavelength (1984)

Abstract A newly constructed far‐infrared laser interferometer was used to measure the birefringence of 1‐mm‐thick injection‐molded high‐density polyethylene test bars, manufactured at unusually high molding pressures. The long wavelength used, 70.5 μm, allowed nondestructive tests to be made, demonstrating the usefulness of far‐infrared techniques for probing crystalline polymers. The birefringence was shown to increase with increasing molding pressure, supporting the belief that molecular orientation increases with increasing molding pressure. The tensile modulus was also measured and was found to increase linearly with molding pressure.
Hot Electron Induced Retention Time Degradation in MOS Dynamic RAMs (1986)

Hot electron induced MOSFET instabilities have been found to significantly degrade the retention time of dynamic RAMs. Failure is due to the effect of increased subthreshold leakage on balanced sense nodes. Plasma nitride passivations greatly increase the degradation rate. The complex synergism between device degradation and DRAM parametric shift demonstrates the necessity of accelerated stress of functional modules.
MP25-04 IMPACT OF A NOVEL METHOD OF PATIENT PREFERENCE ELICITATION ON DECISION QUALITY IN MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER (2016)

be involved in decision making. Implementation of a shared decision making program in this setting may improve decisional quality for these patients.
Degradation of poly(butyl methacrylate) model compounds studied via high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2011)

This study investigates the degradation behavior of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (p(HFBMA)), poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (p(tBMA)), and poly(hexafluoro butyl methacrylate) (p)HFBMA)) on a molecular level under extreme environmental conditions. The polymers chosen are readily applicable in the formulation of surface coatings and were degraded under conditions which replicated the harsh Australian climate, in which surface coatings may reach temperatures of up to 95 degrees C and are exposed to broad-spectrum UV radiation of up to 1 kW m(-2). The degradation profiles were mapped with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with a LCQ quadrupole ion trap mass analyzer, with the peak assignments confirmed to within 3 ppm using ESI-MS with a LTQ-Orbitrap mass detector. It was found that in all the butyl ester polymers analyzed herein regardless of their tertiary side-chain structure the loss of the butyl ester group and subsequent formation of acid side groups are a component of the overall degradation pathway of poly(butyl methacrylate)s under these harsh conditions. However, it is also demonstrated that the magnitude of this pathway is intimately linked to the side-chain structure with the propensity for degradation decreasing in the order p(tBMA) &gt; p(nBMA) &gt; p(HFBMA). The degradation mechanisms identified in this study, in combination with the previous end-group degradation studies of poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly(n-butyl acrylate), have allowed a much deeper understanding of the molecular degradation behavior of poly(acrylate)s and poly(methacrylate)s in an extreme natural environment. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 49: 848-861, 2011
Erbium-Activated Silica-Hafnia: a Reliable Photonic System (2008)

Sol gel-derived silica-hafnia is a reliable and flexible binary system that has proved to be suitable for rare earth doping and fabrication of amorphous and glass ceramic planar waveguides as well as for improving thermal stability of spherical microresonators. Here we present an overview concerning fabrication protocols and structural, optical and spectroscopic assessment of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> waveguides activated with Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ions. In order to put in evidence the reliability and versatility of the silica-hafnia system for photonics applications three different confined structures are briefly presented: i) amorphous waveguides; ii) glass-ceramic waveguides; iii) coated microspheres.
ChemInform Abstract: Methodology for Stereochemical Control in Bioactive Natural Product Synthesis: New Methods Toward Enediyne Antitumor Antibiotics (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase I Study of BMS-214662, a Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor in Patients With Acute Leukemias and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2005)

BMS-214662 is well tolerated at doses of up to 118 mg/m2 as a 1-hour infusion. The toxicity profile and efficacy may be improved with prolonged exposure. Further investigation of this agent in leukemia is warranted.
Multistage electrophoresis system for the separation of cells, particles and solutes (2000)

It is common to operate equilibrium-based separation methods, such as distillation and extraction, as multistage unit operations, in which equilibrium is presumably achieved within each stage. Two rate-based separation processes, free electrophoresis and magnetic particle separation, have now been operated in multistage mode. Preparative free electrophoresis of particles and solutes has resisted scale-up and is confined to a narrow range of ionic compositions. Natural convection induced in electrophoresis buffers by Ohmic heating has been a strong deterrent and has led to such measures as radial electrophoresis in Couette flow, free-flow electrophoresis, low-gravity electrophoresis, density gradient electrophoresis, and reorienting density gradient electrophoresis, to name a few. The short vertical electrophoresis path exploited in the last-mentioned forms the basis for multistage electrophoresis. A thin-layer countercurrent distribution apparatus was designed and constructed so that up to 20 fractions could be collected on the basis of electrophoretic mobility by applying an electric field. The mixture to be separated starts in a bottom cavity, and successive top cavities collect fractions as separand particles or molecules are electrophoresed upward out of the bottom cavity. Mathematical models of this process were developed, and experiments were performed to verify the predictions of the models by collecting and counting particles in each cavity after fractionation.
Optically transparent and thermally efficient 2D MoS2 heaters integrated with silicon microring resonators (2023)

Thermal tuning of the optical refractive index in the waveguides to control light phase accumulation is essential in photonic integrated systems and applications. In silicon photonics, microheaters are mainly realized by metal wires or highly doped silicon lines placed at a safe distance (1um) from the waveguide to avoid considerable optical loss. However, this poses a significant limitation for heating efficiency because of the excessive free-carrier loss when a heater is brought closer to the optical path. In this work, we present a new concept of using optically transparent 2D semiconductors (e.g. MoS2) for realizing highly efficient waveguide integrated heaters operating at telecom wavelengths. We demonstrate that a single-layer MoS2 heater with negligible optical absorption in the infrared can be placed in close proximity (only 30nm) to the waveguide and show the best-reported heating efficiency of 15 mW per FSR without sacrificing the optical insertion loss. The heater response time is 25us, limited by Au 1L-MoS2 Schottky contact. Both the efficiency and response time can be further significantly improved by realizing 2D MoS2 heaters with ohmic contacts. Our work shows clear advantages of employing 2D semiconductors for heaters applications and paves the way for developing novel energy-efficient, lossless 2D heaters for on-chip photonic integrated circuits.
Sociotechnical systems research: Defining, converging, and researching as a community (2013)

The Consortium for the Science of Sociotechnical Systems (CSST) serves as a trans-discipline community, connecting like-minded scholars from many different intellectual communities. CSST brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines to develop a common language and scholarly repertoire as we work to understand diverse sociotechnical issues. Researchers focus on improving human lives through understanding sociotechnical systems, conducting research on human activity such as collaboration, creativity, learning and economic production in domains like healthcare, education, science, leisure, and computing. This requires researchers to understand both social and technical aspects of human organization. This workshop supports continued advancement of definitions and boundaries in this area. We will engage in activities with established leaders as well as newcomers in this trans-discipline, to build understanding of factors that support the community’s cohesion, and, aim to leverage the diversity of the work being conducted by its members, to engender learning and research innovation.
Supramolecular Mn−Ca Aggregates as Models for the Photosynthetic Water Oxidation Complex (1998)

Mn4/(AE)2 complexes, AE = Ca, 1 or Ba, 2, display MnIII3MnII valence-trapped states and Jahn−Teller compressed MnIII ions, consistent with the S0 (or S-2) oxidation level of PSII. Ba2+ and Ca2+ ligate Mn-bonded carboxylate oxygens either directly or via H2O molecules, respectively. The (O−H−O)3- ligand, symmetric, μ4, in 1, is asymmetric, μ5, in 2, part of a μ3-oxo Mn2Ba unit. AE dependent acetate ligation to Mn is also observed. 1 and 2 have biomimetic catalase activity.
Low interface defect density of atomic layer deposition BeO with self-cleaning reaction for InGaAs metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (2013)

In this paper, we discuss atomic configuration of atomic layer deposition (ALD) beryllium oxide (BeO) using the quantum chemistry to understand the theoretical origin. BeO has shorter bond length, higher reaction enthalpy, and larger bandgap energy compared with those of ALD aluminum oxide. It is shown that the excellent material properties of ALD BeO can reduce interface defect density due to the self-cleaning reaction and this contributes to the improvement of device performance of InGaAs MOSFETs. The low interface defect density and low leakage current of InGaAs MOSFET were demonstrated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the corresponding electrical results.
Dependence of electrostatic field on properties of paper in a two-dimensional toner image transfer nip (2009)

Electrostatic fields in the toner image transfer nip of laser printers were calculated by exact solution of the Poisson equations for a two-dimensional (2D) model and by applying for the paper the approximation of dielectric thickness. Both the distribution and location of the electric field strength component parallel to the paper surface were investigated and field values were calculated for different paper and toner parameters. The conditions of the occurrence of Paschen discharge in the toner image transfer nip were analysed.
A 3.3-mW Low Phase Noise VCDL for Factorial Delay-Locked Loops (2019)

A voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL) circuit to be used in factorial delay-locked loops (DLLs) that meets the requirements of the radio frequency (RF) communication standards in the band of 0.9-4 GHz is presented. The proposed circuit utilizes a differential ring oscillator with sub-feedback loops to obtain multi-phase outputs. A differential current-starved delay cell with symmetrical load is used. The circuit offers two quadrature phase outputs. The proposed VCDL achieves a very low phase noise of -143 dBc/Hz with a figure of merit of -208 dBc/Hz meeting the phase noise requirements of the GSM standard; the most severe standard in terms of phase noise requirements in the targeted band. The circuit consumes a 3.3-mW from a 1.2-V supply implemented in 130-nm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 66×40 μm2.
Test theory and language-learning assessment (1995)

Standard test theory is machinery for carrying out inference in a particular admixture of ideas from statistics, measurement and psychology that coa lesced in the first third of this century. Recent developments in cognitive and educational psychology, such as increased appreciation of the situated nature of learning and understanding, call for broader ranges of student models and types of data. Just as under the standard testing paradigm, however, we face such questions as: what kinds of evidence are needed to support inferences about students? How much faith can we place in the evidence, and in the statements? Are elements of evidence overlapping, redundant or contra dictory ? When must we ask different questions or pose additional situations to distinguish among competing explanations of what we see? A con ceptualization of test theory is discussed which is meant to address issues of weight and coverage of evidence for statements framed in more recent educational/psychological paradigms. Implications for language assessments built around the ACTFL guidelines are considered.
A TENTATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF GEOTEXTILES CONCERNING THEIR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS IN GEOTECHNICS. REINFORCED SOIL AND GEOTEXTILES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOTEXTILES CONFERENCE HELD AT THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BOMBAY, INDIA, DECEMBER 8-9, 1988 (1989)

The use of geotextiles is coming into vogue in many geotechnical engineering applications as a construction material. Their application has grown with the advent of different types of geotextiles manufactured in recent times. It is often difficult for a potential geotextile user to select an appropriate type of geotextile to be used in different applications. In this paper, some of the laboratory methods developed for the evaluation of these geotextiles for their mechanical and hydraulic properties are enumerated. A tentative general classification of geotextiles for various highway engineering works has also been put forward. For covering abstract of the conference, see IRRD 836241. (TRRL)
Effect of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] side chain length on the brush swelling behavior in A/B/A–B ternary blends with polystyrene (2023)

The phase behavior of ternary blends composed of two homopolymers (A, B) and their corresponding diblock copolymer (A-B) has been widely studied, with emphasis on the volumetrically symmetric isopleth and the formation of bicontinuous microemulsions. However, almost all the previous studies employed linear polymers, and little is known about the impact of polymer architecture on the phase behavior of such ternary blends. Here, we report the self-assembly of three sets of ternary blends of polystyrene (PS) and poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA<sub><i>n</i></sub>), with different lengths of oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains <i>n</i>. Small-angle X-ray scattering was used to probe the phase behavior at different compositions and temperatures. The order-to-disorder transition temperature was found to be impacted by the side chain length. It was also observed that longer side chains lead to poorer miscibility of homopolymers in the corresponding block, resulting in a more "dry-brush" like swelling behavior.
Nanoporous-Based Sensors for Electrical Detection of Gaseous Pollutants. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Taser Dart-to-Heart Distance That Causes Ventricular Fibrillation in Pigs (2007)

Electromuscular incapacitating devices (EMDs), such as Tasers, deliver high current, short duration pulses that cause muscular contractions and temporarily incapacitate the human subject. Some reports suggest that EMDs can kill. To help answer the question, "Can the EMD directly cause ventricular fibrillation (VF)?", ten tests were conducted to measure the dart-to-heart distance that causes VF in anesthetized pigs [mass = 64 kg +/- 6.67 standard deviation (SD)] for the most common X26 Taser. The dart-to-heart distance that caused VF was 17 mm +/- 6.48 (SD) for the first VF event and 13.7 mm +/- 6.79 (SD) for the average of the successive VF events. The result shows that when the stimulation dart is close enough to the heart, X26 Taser current will directly trigger VF in pigs. Echocardiography of erect humans shows skin-to-heart distances from 10 to 57 mm (dart-to-heart distances of 1-48 mm). These results suggest that the probability of a dart on the body landing in 1 cm2 over the ventricle and causing VF is 0.000172.
Practical and low-overhead masking of failures of TCP-based servers (2009)

This article describes an architecture that allows a replicated service to survive crashes without breaking its TCP connections. Our approach does not require modifications to the TCP protocol, to the operating system on the server, or to any of the software running on the clients. Furthermore, it runs on commodity hardware. We compare two implementations of this architecture (one based on primary/backup replication and another based on message logging) focusing on scalability, failover time, and application transparency. We evaluate three types of services: a file server, a Web server, and a multimedia streaming server. Our experiments suggest that the approach incurs low overhead on throughput, scales well as the number of clients increases, and allows recovery of the service in near-optimal time.
Enhanced Fertility After Diagnostic Hysterosalpingography: The Debate Continues (2005)

Enhanced Fertility After Diagnostic Hysterosalpingography: The Debate ContinuesAnthony J. YunAudio Available | Share
Enhanced removal of aqueous BPA model compounds using Metalloligs (2013)

A model compound, 4-(t-butyl)phenol, was used as a substitute for BPA (bisphenol acetone or Bisphenol A) a material used for the production of a large volume of common plastics. Unfortunately, BPA is suspected to have estrogenic properties, and there is a suspicion that even small amounts can have a deleterious effect against humans, especially female infants. The model compound has some similarities to BPA, but lacks some of the serious properties of BPA dust. Since other workers have demonstrated the capability of removing BPA from plastics by extraction with saline or alcohol, we studied whether Octolig, a polyethylenediimine supported on silica gel, or transition metal derivatives of Octolig could be used to remove concentrations for model compounds from aqueous solution. Octolig gave modest results 20%, the manganese (II) and iron (III) derivatives gave poor results, Cuprilig was an improvement over those two Metalloligs, but the cobalt(II) derivative was able to remove up to 56% of the model compound. Two methods were studied, batch and column chromatography. Under the conditions used in this study, the batch method was superior.
Supplementary Table 4 from Polycomb Repressor Complex-2 Is a Novel Target for Mesothelioma Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 63K, Genes Simultaneously Modulated by DZNep in MES1 and H28.&lt;/p&gt;
Acceleration of Trading System Back End with FPGAs Using High-Level Synthesis Flow (2023)

FPGA technology is widely used in the finance domain. We describe the design of a financial trading system order processing component using FPGAs, implemented with high-level synthesis (HLS) flow. The order processing component is the major contributor to increased delays and low throughput in the current software implementation of trading systems. The objective of FPGA implementation is to reduce the latency of order processing and increase the throughput of trading systems as compared to software implementation. Our design is one of the first attempts to speed up order processing in a trading system using FPGA technology and HLS flow. HLS was used in implementing the design for higher productivity and faster turnaround time. The design shows orders of magnitude of improvement in performance indicating that more complex FPGA systems could be designed using HLS. We obtained more than 2X of an advantage in order processing speed and a reduction in latency with FPGA technology. Moreover, we gained a 4X advantage in terms of productivity using HLS.
OFDM LDPC performance comparison on an HF multipath fading channel (2008)

High Frequency (HF) radio communication channels provide unique challenges to digital communication systems. Typical HF communication systems propagate electromagnetic energy in the 2-30MHz radio spectrum using the earth's ionosphere and surface as both refractors and reflectors for non line of sight communications. Constantly changing ionosphere conditions result in multipath and severe fading channel characteristics. Through numerical simulation, short block length block length (9e+3) Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) forward error correction codes used in conjunction with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) will be shown to provide excellent communication performance across the HF channel. Average bit error rate performance results will be shown for a 2ms, 1Hz and 2Hz Watterson HF channel model for both regular and irregular LDPC parity check matrices. Some results will also be shown for imperfect channel estimation and its effects upon the performance of the LDPC decoder.
Effects of burnup on fission product release and implications for severe fuel damage events (1984)

Children of alcoholic parents have been shown to be at risk for the development of mental health problems. However, there is little empirical research that would allow one to determine which of these children are most at risk. Hypothesizing that the amount of parental drinking-related stress a child experiences may be a factor that discriminates those children of alcoholics who are most at risk from others, the Children of Alcoholics Life-Events Schedule (COALES) was developed. Using samples of high-school students, the COALES was found to have satisfactory test-retest reliability, internal-consistency reliability and construct and concurrent validity. Children who self-identified as having an alcoholic parent reported higher levels of negative events and lower levels of positive events than did their peers from nonalcoholic homes. Scores on the positive- and negative-event subscales were significantly correlated with the children's scores on measures of anxiety and depression.