gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A time-continuous bus-feedback LIN transceiver in 0.14 µm high-voltage SOI CMOS (2017)

This paper presents a novel LIN transceiver designed and fabricated in a 0.14 µm high-voltage SOI CMOS technology that uses a time-continuous bus-feedback technique. The architecture of the LIN transceiver takes advantage of the advanced BCD process as a waveshaping DAC uses a dense control logic circuit while the high-voltage capability enhances the robustness of the transmitter and the receiver. The bus-feedback technique allows to reproduce the shape of a low-EME signal on the LIN bus and to be insensitive to bus-load variations. The architecture, and the feedback loop in particular, are designed to be robust against severe RF disturbances so that both low EME and high EMI can be achieved on LIN and battery supply nodes. EMC performance was evaluated according to automotive industry standards. Excellent EME and EMI compliance with German car OEMs requirements was achieved.
The Draining of a Tank: A Lab Experiment in Fluid Mechanics (2021)

An improved apparatus has been constructed and employed in the fluids laboratory for the draining of a tank through a sharp-edged orifice and, with minor modifications, other orifices of interest. The experiment was operated at steady state to accurately determine the discharge coefficient, CD, with only a 2-5% deviation from literature values. In addition, transient data were collected and compared to model data generated from a combined Bernoulli balance and mass balance, again with minimal deviations between the experimental and model data. The experiment meets all requirements for a well-designed lab experiment.
Effect of oxygen on fluorine-based remote plasma etching of silicon and silicon dioxide (1988)

The addition of oxygen to a fluorine-containing gas in a remote microwave discharge significantly affects the etch rates of SiO2 and Si, and the selectivity of the etching. For a F2/He etchant mixture, the addition of O2 drops the etch ratio to 1:1, from a value of 40:1 without O2. For CF4, the ratio is reversed to less than 1:3, from an initial 10:1. A mechanism for this behavior is proposed, based on simultaneous etching and oxidation of the silicon surface by atomic F and O, respectively. When CF4 or C2F6 is the source of F, the selective deposition of a fluorocarbon polymer on Si strongly affects the etching behavior. Auger and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis supports these interpretations. The control of selectivity may be useful for an isotropic deglaze process.
Lateral confinement in a resonant tunneling transistor with a buried metallic gate (1999)

We have fabricated a resonant tunneling transistor by epitaxial overgrowth over a tungsten grating placed 30 nm above a GaAs/GaInP semiconductor, double barrier, resonant tunneling heterostructure. The Schottky depletion around the buried metal contacts controls the current to a vertical transistor channel. The lateral extension of this channel is defined by a square opening in the grating with a side length of 1.4 μm, which corresponds to a sub-μm electrical width. The transport properties at 20 K show a fine structure in the resonant tunneling characteristics, and it is affected by the gate bias. These effects are discussed in terms of lateral quantum confinement in the transistor channel defined.
Correlation of IgVH somatic mutation and disease course in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2008)

7068 Background: IgVH mutation status is a well accepted prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Typically >98% of the germline sequence homology is considered unmutated, and =98% is considered mutated. The 98% cutoff was originally chosen to account for undefined IgVH polymorphisms that could be responsible for DNA sequence disparity. Prior data showed that mutated patients have a more benign course of disease vs unmutated patients . However an unanswered question is whether IgVH somatic mutations correlate to disease course in a linear, continuous fashion. Methods: Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we evaluated 146 patients and examined the relationship between time to first treatment (TTT) and percentage of mutation as a continuum. Results: Patients with higher mutation percentages were less likely to start treatment (p<0.0002). See table below. For each unit increase in mutation percent, the patient was 0.829 times less likely to start treatment. So, for example, a patient with a mutation percent of 3% is 0.829 times as likely to start treatment as a patient with a mutation percentage of 2%, and a patient with a mutation percent of 8% is 0.829 times as likely to start treatment as a patient with a mutation percentage of 7%, (i.e. any 1 unit increase in mutation percent). Similarly, a patient with mutation rate 3 percentage points higher than another patient is 0.570 times as likely to need treatment, and a patient with a mutation rate 5 percentage points higher than another patient is 0.392 times as likely to need treatment. Conclusion: These data suggest that as the percentage of mutation in IgVH increases, the time to first treatment increases. This has implications as to the role of the CLL B-cell receptor (BCR) and its specificity in clinical outcome. Assuming that in vivo BCR stimulation causes CLL cell proliferation, increased IgVH mutations may result in narrowed specificity of the BCR, thereby limiting the diversity of antigens capable of delivering a stimulatory signal. % Mutation and corresponding hazard ratios for requiring treatment Mutation % Hazard ratio 1 0.829 2 0.687 3 0.570 4 0.472 5 0.392 10 0.153 15 0.060 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Viscoplasticity and stratified flow of colloid suspensions (2012)

Investigation of the rheology of concentrated colloid suspensions and direct observation of their flow allowed us to find several effects inherent to these media as typical soft matter. So, at low stress amplitudes, these colloids behave as mild gels with frequency independent elastic modulus and low mechanical losses. Meanwhile, suspensions demonstrate dualism of properties: at a given shear rate, they behave as viscoplastic media with clearly expressed yielding, while at a given low stress the pronounced Newtonian plateau is detected. The increase in shear rates and stresses leads to the sharp drop of the apparent viscosity, which usually is treated as the yielding effect. Transition through the yield stress is of a dynamic nature because the threshold stress depends on time and suspensions are thixotropic yielding materials. In the transient shear rate range, an unstable regime of deformation appears. It manifests itself either as deformation thickening up to jamming, or as the excitation of self-oscillations. The measuring of rheological properties in varying volume-to-surface ratio of a sample proves that flow of a suspension with high velocity at constant shear stress actually proceeds in a narrow layer inside the instrument gap. This conclusion has been confirmed by direct visual observations demonstrating that a flux is separated into three layers. A wide almost motionless layer is seen near a stationary surface. Near a moving surface, a narrow band with linear velocity profile is detected. Between them, a rather wide transient layer is observed and shear rate in this layer exceeds the average (global) shear rate by several times. Approximately, only a half of the total volume of a suspension is involved in flow. So, we observed a three-band flux of a suspension not described before. Shearing leads to an anisotropic structure of a solid phase.
Zebrafish and Medaka: new model organisms for modern biomedical research (2016)

Although they are primitive vertebrates, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) have surpassed other animals as the most used model organisms based on their many advantages. Studies on gene expression patterns, regulatory cis-elements identification, and gene functions can be facilitated by using zebrafish embryos via a number of techniques, including transgenesis, in vivo transient assay, overexpression by injection of mRNAs, knockdown by injection of morpholino oligonucleotides, knockout and gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 system and mutagenesis. In addition, transgenic lines of model fish harboring a tissue-specific reporter have become a powerful tool for the study of biological sciences, since it is possible to visualize the dynamic expression of a specific gene in the transparent embryos. In particular, some transgenic fish lines and mutants display defective phenotypes similar to those of human diseases. Therefore, a wide variety of fish model not only sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis in vivo but also provides a living platform for high-throughput screening of drug candidates. Interestingly, transgenic model fish lines can also be applied as biosensors to detect environmental pollutants, and even as pet fish to display beautiful fluorescent colors. Therefore, transgenic model fish possess a broad spectrum of applications in modern biomedical research, as exampled in the following review.
New magnetic phase transitions in BiFeO<sub>3</sub> (2008)

We observed Raman scattering from magnons in the frequency range from&#13;\n10 to 65 cm[?]1 in BiFeO3 single crystals at cryogenic temperatures;&#13;\nthe temperature dependence of the magnon frequency at 18.2 cm[?]1&#13;\napproximates an S = 5/2 Brillouin function up to the temperature&#13;\n([?]280 K) at which the magnon becomes overdamped. The diverging cross&#13;\nsection and the frequency shift at [?]140 and [?]200 K implies a&#13;\nspin-reorientation transition as in orthoferrites.
Establishment and characterization of patient-derived primary cell lines as preclinical models for gallbladder carcinoma (2020)

These results indicate that PDCs may be efficient preclinical models for further investigation of the biological behaviors and potential targeted therapies of human GBC.
Nanoparticles for cosmetics: how safe is safe? (2008)

L'us creixent de materials nanoparticulats questiona la seguretat
d'aquests. Un cas paradigmatic es la seva aplicacio en cosmetica,
en principi degut a que aquests materials estan directament
en contacte amb el cos i perque probablement la
utilitzacio de la nanotecnologia en cosmetica s'anticipara a la
utilitzacio de nanoparticules en medicina. Fins el moment present,
no s'han observat efectes toxics aguts, i ja s'estan fent
servir quantitats elevades de nanoparticules en protectors solars.
No obstant, els efectes observats sobre la interaccio entre
nanoparticules i estructures biologiques requereix una millor
comprensio d'aquesta interaccio i un desenvolupament prudent
dels productes de consum basats en nanoparticules. En
aquest article, resumim els fets coneguts en relacio a l'us de
nanoparticules en cosmetica.
Relationship Between Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Eptastigmine in Young Healthy Volunteers (1995)

Eptastigmine is a long-lasting acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor, currently being developed for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of eptastigmine in young healthy volunteers. Eight male subjects received single oral doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg of eptastigmine and placebo according to a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Blood was collected before and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 24 hours after drug administration. Cholinesterase activity was measured using a potentiometric method in both plasma (butyryl-cholinesterase) and in red blood cells (acetyl-cholinesterase). Eptastigmine plasma levels were measured by a very sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method (limit of quantitation 0.2 ng/mL). Eptastigmine plasma concentrations increased proportionally with the dose (mean +/- SEM AUC0-24 was 0.74 +/- 0.58, 3.61 +/- 1.15, and 6.25 +/- 1.51 ng.h/mL with 10, 20, and 30 mg, respectively) and were undetectable at 24 hours. The inhibition of acetyl-cholinesterase was dose-dependent (peak inhibition was 15 +/- 2%, 30 +/- 4%, and 36 +/- 6% with 10, 20, and 30 mg, respectively) and long-lasting, with a residual inhibition of 8 to 11% at 24 hours. Acetyl-cholinesterase inhibition and drug plasma levels were related over time with a counterclockwise hysteresis curve, suggesting the formation of active metabolites and/or a slow association to and dissociation from the enzyme in red blood cells. Butyryl-cholinesterase inhibition was weak and not dose-dependent (peak inhibition was 12 +/- 4%, 13 +/- 3%, and 12 +/- 2% with 10, 20, and 30 mg, respectively). The drug was well tolerated by all subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An international database of prospective ambulatory blood pressure monitoring studies (2003)

An international database of prospective studies of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was set up in 2001, and will include at least eight individual studies. The goals are to enable analyses that cannot be made reliably from the individual studies, such as the predictive value of different measures of blood pressure, for example the morning surge and blood pressure variability, the ability to look at the prediction of specific endpoints, for example stroke versus myocardial infarction, and also to look at differences in different populations.
Ethical guidelines for publishing in the <i>Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle</i>: update 2019 (2019)

This article details an updated version of the principles of ethical authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM) and its two daughter journals JCSM Rapid Communication and JCSM Clinical Reports. We request of all author sending to the journal a paper for consideration that at the time of submission to JCSM, the corresponding author, on behalf of all co-authors, needs to certify adherence to these principles. The principles are as follows: all authors listed on a manuscript considered for publication have approved its submission and (if accepted) approve publication in JCSM as provided; each named author has made a material and independent contribution to the work submitted for publication; no person who has a right to be recognized as author has been omitted from the list of authors on the submitted manuscript; the submitted work is original and is neither under consideration elsewhere nor that it has been published previously in whole or in part other than in abstract form; all authors certify that the submitted work is original and does not contain excessive overlap with prior or contemporaneous publication elsewhere, and where the publication reports on cohorts, trials, or data that have been reported on before the facts need to be acknowledged and these other publications must be referenced; all original research work has been approved by the relevant bodies such as institutional review boards or ethics committees; all relevant conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, that may affect the authors' ability to present data objectively, and relevant sources of funding of the research in question have been duly declared in the manuscript; the manuscript in its published form will be maintained on the servers of JCSM as a valid publication only as long as all statements in the guidelines on ethical publishing remain true. If any of the aforementioned statements ceases to be true, the authors have a duty to notify as soon as possible the Editors of JCSM, JCSM Rapid Communication, and JCSM Clinical Reports, respectively, so that the available information regarding the published article can be updated and/or the manuscript can be withdrawn.
4‐kV 100‐Mbps monolithic isolator on SOI with trench isolation for wideband networks (2013)

Abstract Two types of monolithic isolator on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) with trench isolation have been fabricated. One is a multitrench isolator with polysilicon resistors in which two circuit areas are isolated using thirty‐four 0.4‐µm‐wide trenches on an SOI. The inequality in the voltages applied to the trenches is reduced by using polysilicon resistors parallel to the trenches, which increases the isolation voltage from 2.6 to 4.0 kV. The other is a spiral wide‐trench isolator in which two circuit areas are isolated using two spiral 10‐µm‐wide trenches. Monocrystalline silicon is used as a resistor to reduce the inequality in the trench voltages. Signals are transmitted between the two circuit areas through two series of high‐voltage capacitors: silicon on buried oxide and a third metal are used as electrodes. A network interface large‐scale integration (LSI) with a four‐channel isolator was fabricated using multitrench isolation. It provides 4‐kV isolation and supports 100‐Mbps transmission. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Automation of C-terminal sequence analysis of 2D-PAGE separated proteins (2014)

Experimental assignment of the protein termini remains essential to define the functional protein structure. Here, we report on the improvement of a proteomic C-terminal sequence analysis method. The approach aims to discriminate the C-terminal peptide in a CNBr-digest where Met-Xxx peptide bonds are cleaved in internal peptides ending at a homoserine lactone (hsl)-derivative. pH-dependent partial opening of the lactone ring results in the formation of doublets for all internal peptides. C-terminal peptides are distinguished as singlet peaks by MALDI-TOF MS and MS/MS is then used for their identification. We present a fully automated protocol established on a robotic liquid-handling station.
Extending use cases throughout the software lifecycle (1999)

The relevance of use cases throughout the software development life cycle is considered in the context of an actual project. Extensions, called behavior case and test cases are proposed to address design and testing activities.
Heterozygous deletion of chromosome 17p renders prostate cancer vulnerable to inhibition of RNA polymerase II (2018)

Heterozygous deletion of chromosome 17p (17p) is one of the most frequent genomic events in human cancers. Beyond the tumor suppressor TP53, the POLR2A gene encoding the catalytic subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) is also included in a ~20-megabase deletion region of 17p in 63% of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Using a focused CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we discovered that heterozygous loss of 17p confers a selective dependence of CRPC cells on the ubiquitin E3 ligase Ring-Box 1 (RBX1). RBX1 activates POLR2A by the K63-linked ubiquitination and thus elevates the RNAP2-mediated mRNA synthesis. Combined inhibition of RNAP2 and RBX1 profoundly suppress the growth of CRPC in a synergistic manner, which potentiates the therapeutic effectivity of the RNAP2 inhibitor, α-amanitin-based antibody drug conjugate (ADC). Given the limited therapeutic options for CRPC, our findings identify RBX1 as a potentially therapeutic target for treating human CRPC harboring heterozygous deletion of 17p.
Costs for Manufacturing Thorium-Uranium Dioxide Fuels for Light Water Reactors (2004)

The results of a 2-yr effort to determine the capability of U.S. fuel manufacturers to economically manufacture thorium-uranium dioxide (ThO2-UO2) fuel in plants that have previously only manufactured UO2 fuel with <5% 235U enrichment are presented. It was determined that there were no fundamental obstacles to converting the current plants that manufacture a uranium-oxide-only fuel to a mixed thorium-uranium dioxide fuel. However, the differential costs for manufacturing a 75% ThO2–25% UO2 fuel, with the uranium enriched with 20% 235U, as compared to a 100% UO2 fuel, was between $269 and $291/kg of metal oxide fuel, depending on the manufacturing method used to convert the uranium and thorium feeds to the dioxide powders. More than 90% of this cost was associated with the increased cost of the uranium feed and the addition of the thorium feed. If a 70% ThO2-30% UO2 fuel were used, the differential costs would increase to between $519 and $542/kg of metal oxide fuel, of which >95% is associated with the uranium and thorium feed materials.
Recognition of 2022 Transactions and <i>Magazine</i> Paper Reviewers (2023)

Authors submitted over 2,500 original and revised manuscripts for possible publication in these TRANSACTIONS and IEEE Industry Applications Magazine in 2022. This Special Feature is offered to recognize the people who volunteered their time and expertise to evaluate those manuscrips and to make the recommendations that determined which papers would be published. Their efforts are greatly appreciated. The names, affiliations, and countries listed below are taken from data records and user profiles stored in ScholarOne Manuscripts. Some of the entries have been edited for consistency in spelling, length and/or capitalization. We apologize for any errors or omissions.
Electric field and surface charge effects on ferroelectric domain dynamics in BaTiO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>single crystal (2011)

The potential distribution of BaTiO${}_{3}$ single crystal ferroelectric domains was investigated by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy at room temperature with and without an electric field applied parallel to the (001) top surface. Immediate c domain surface potential inversion was observed after reaching the 6 V/mm critical electric field intensity followed by complete recovery upon switching the electric field off. Piezoresponse force microscopy was used to characterize domain structure evolution during the electric field application, which caused c domain motion. Newly formed domain patterns were stable for a month after switching the electric field off. Screening surface charges and their mobility play a dominant role in this experiment.
Simultaneous imaging of luminescence and prompt x-rays during irradiation with spot-scanning proton beams at clinical dose level (2023)

Prompt x-ray imaging is a promising method for observing the beam shape from outside a subject. However, its distribution is different from dose distribution, and thus a comparison with the dose is required. Meanwhile, luminescence imaging of water is a possible method for imaging the dose distribution. Consequently, we performed simultaneous imaging of luminescence and prompt x-rays during irradiation by proton beams to compare the distributions between these two different imaging methods. Optical imaging of water was conducted with spot-scanning proton beams at clinical dose level during irradiation to a fluorescein (FS) water phantom set in a black box. Prompt x-ray imaging was also conducted simultaneously from outside the black box using a developed x-ray camera during proton beam irradiation to the phantom. We measured images of the luminescence of FS water and prompt x-rays for various types of proton beams, including pencil beams, spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) beams, and clinically used therapy beams. After the imaging, ranges were estimated from FS water and prompt x-rays and compared with those calculated with a treatment planning system (TPS). We could measure the prompt x-ray and FS water images simultaneously for all types of proton beams. The ranges estimated from the FS water and those calculated with the TPS closely matched, within a difference of several mm. Similar range difference was found between the results estimated from prompt x-ray images and those calculated with the TPS. We confirmed that the simultaneous imaging of luminescence and prompt x-rays were possible during irradiation with spot-scanning proton beams at a clinical dose level. This method can be applied to range estimation as well as comparison with the dose for prompt x-ray imaging or other imaging methods used in therapy with various types of proton beams at a clinical dose level.