gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a high order binaural microphone array for hearing aids using a rigid spherical model (2014)

Wireless technology has allowed for a much wider variety in the design of microphone arrays for binaural hearing aids. To facilitate the design of these microphone arrays, this paper investigates the use of a spherical head model in the design of bilateral and binaural microphone arrays for hearing aids. The arrays have been designed using a free-field model, a spherical model, measurements on an artificial head, and measurements on an artificial head + torso. The results show that the free-field/spherical models over-estimate the speech-intelligibility weighted directivity index (SII-DI) of the bilateral and binaural arrays by respectively 0.9/0.4 and 0.8/0.5 dB. Furthermore the weights designed with the free-field/spherical model yield an SII-DI that is 0.7/0.6 dB lower for bilateral arrays and 0.9/0.9 dB lower for binaural arrays than the optimal SII-DI. Although the results show that the spherical model is better in predicting the DI than the free-field model, the spherical model does not design better weights.
Analysis of the urban heat island effects on building energy consumption (2014)

Urban areas usually experience higher temperatures when compared to their rural surroundings. Several studies underlined that specific urban conditions are strictly connected with the Urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, which consists in the environmental overheating related to anthropic activities. As a matter of fact, urban areas, characterized by massive constructions that reduce local vegetation coverage, are subject to the absorption of a great amount of solar radiation (short wave) which is only partially released into the atmosphere by radiation in the thermal infrared (long wave). On the contrary, green areas and rural environments in general show a reduced UHI effect, that is lower air temperatures, due to evapo-transpiration fluxes. Several studies demonstrate that urban microclimate affects buildings’ energy consumption and calculations based on typical meteorological year could misestimate their actual energy consumption. In this study, two different sets of meteorological data are used for the calculation of the heating and cooling energy needs of an existing university building. The building is modeled using TRNSYS v.17 software. The first set of data was collected by a weather station located in the city center of Modena, while the second set of data was collected by another station, located in the surrounding area of the city, near to the studied building. The influence of the different meteorological situations described by the two weather stations are analyzed and assumed to be representative of the UHI effect. Furthermore, the effects of UHI mitigation strategies on the building energy needs are evaluated and discussed.
Impact of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Gastrointestinal Myoelectric Recordings: A Comparative Analysis of Awake and Anesthetized States in Ferrets (2022)

Gastrointestinal (GI) slow wave recordings have a long history of investigation but currently limited use in clinical diagnosis and treatment. GI myoelectric activity could potentially play a role in the treatment of functional and motility‐related GI diseases and obesity by providing biomarkers of GI function or a target for clinical interventions. Significant issues, however, hinder our understanding of these signals, including: (1) use of abdominal surface recordings with low spatio‐temporal resolution; (2) typical use of few signaling features, such as deviations from dominant slow wave frequencies; and, (3) lack of defined relationships to GI functions, for example, muscle contraction and movement of luminal contents. Thus, there is a critical need to determine the value of GI myoelectric signals for clinical application and to assess stability of these signals in different testing conditions. As a first step, we tested the hypothesis that gastric myoelectric activity differs between awake and anesthetized states. Acute surgical preparations with open abdomen GI recordings are potentially an ideal setting to investigate slow wave physiology, but it is unknown how anesthesia affects gastric myoelectric signals. Here, we chronically implanted 5 ferrets with four gastric serosal surface electrodes, from fundus to antrum. Following recovery, we conducted electrophysiological recordings under awake and isoflurane anesthesia (from 1 to 3%) conditions. By comparing 95% confidence intervals for the Welch's overlapped segment averaging power spectral densities (PSD) estimated from myoelectric recordings in awake and anesthetized states, we observed statistically significant reductions in power in the anesthetized state (p&lt;0.01 for each of 18 electrodes across animals). The reductions in area under PSD curves were over 90% for 14 electrodes, and ranged between 41% and 88% for 4 electrodes. Suppression did not occur for one electrode, and another was discarded due to corrupted recordings. Moreover, signal power after exposure to isoflurane anesthesia was concentrated in narrow frequency bands, with marked bimodalities in 17 electrodes, in contrast to a more uniform power distribution in the awake state. The time courses of PSDs were also markedly different in awake and anesthetized states, with gastric activity presenting little variation over time in the latter, and substantial variability in the former, which may be associated with behavioral movement. Indeed, in the awake state, one animal had distinct and contiguous long epochs of movement (e.g., grooming, standing) and rest, which correlated with high and low power respectively (p&lt;0.01 for 3 channels; p&lt;0.05 for 1 channel in the animal). These data reveal potential changes in gastric myoelectric activity under anesthesia, which could impact post‐operative recovery. This study also provides insight into the changes in gastric myoelectric activity during anesthesia and reinforces the need to conduct recordings in the awake state.
Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000–14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries (2022)

Children with Cancer UK, the Institut National du Cancer, La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Swiss Re, Swiss Cancer Research foundation, Swiss Cancer League, Rossy Family Foundation, US National Cancer Institute, and the American Cancer Society.
Effects of substituents on the rates of deacylation of substituted benzoyl papains. Role of a carboxylate residue in the catalytic mechanism (1978)

The effect of ring substituents on the rates of deacylation of 8 meta- and para-substituted benzoyl papains was evaluated. The rate constants were found to depend upon a single ionizing group of pKa = 4.2--4.3, and to decrease by a factor of approximately 2.2 when measured in 94% D2O/H2O. The rates of deacylation are increased greatly by electron-withdrawing groups on the benzene ring. The Hammett rho value is 2.74 +/- 0.32. A plot of the rate constants for deacylation of the benzoyl papains against the corresponding constants for substituted benzoyl chymotrypsins generates a straight line of slope 1.0. This result suggests a very similar distribution of charge on the benzoyl moiety in the transition state for the two enzymes, which is interpreted in terms of the net charge of the transition state for the deacylation of nonspecific acyl papains being equal to--1 with the general base catalyzed assistance to the attack of water on the acyl enzyme being provided by the negatively charged Asp-158 rather than by the neutral Asn-175-His-159 hydrogen bond network. This result together with a survey of literature data suggests that the role of Asp-158 in papain catalysis has been underestimated. The evidence advanced to date in support of the proposition that an imidazolium-159-cysteine-25 thiolate ion pair exists in native papain is evaluated and considered to be insufficient to decide the issue.
Synthesis of Some New Fluorine Substituted Thiobarbituricacid Derivatives as Anti HIV1 and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) for Celltumer Division-Part II (2014)

In search for new potential inhibitors some new fluorine substituted thiobarbituric acid derivatives (2-4, 7, 8) and their fused/isolated heterobicyclic nitrogen systems (5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12) have been synthesized from heterocyclization of fluorinated 1,3-diketoamine (1) with CS2 followed by ring closure reactions with primary nitrogen reagents. Structures of the targets have been established from elemental analysis and spectral data. Some synthesized systems have been evaluated as anti-HIV-1 and of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) for cell tumor division.
Role of Functional Groups in Strengthening Polymer−Polymer Interfaces:  Random Copolymers with Hydrogen-Bonding Functionalities (1998)

Two series of random copolymers, poly(styrene-d8-co-4-vinylbenzamide) and poly(styrene-d8-co-4-vinyl-N-ethylbenzamide), were prepared with varying compositions. The functionalized random copolymers were tested for their abilities to reinforce the weak interface between immiscible polymers: polystyrene and poly(2-vinylpyridine). The effect of the hydrogen-bonding groups with different interaction strengths (primary or secondary benzamide) was studied through the evaluation of interfacial fracture toughness and fracture surface characteristics. For the compositions investigated, the copolymers with the primary benzamide functionality were shown to attain higher fracture toughness values than the substituted benzamide copolymers. Additionally, the composition at which maximum interfacial strengthening was attained was much lower in the primary benzamide case (fmax = 0.06) than in the substituted benzamide case (fmax = 0.25). However, in both cases the observed strengthening was lower than our previous results using copolymers bearing phenolic groups. The effect of the copolymer functionality, including such variables as steric constraints and degree of self-association, and composition drift on the measured interfacial properties are discussed.
Serum Levels of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and CD40 Ligand Predict Radiation-Induced Liver Injury (2019)

Our study identifies high HGF and low CD40L as potential markers of liver toxicity following radiation therapy.
Loudspeaker compression-driver phase-plug design (2012)

This thesis is concerned with the linear acoustical performance of compression-driver loudspeakers. The general principles of operation of electromagnetic loudspeakers are thoroughly introduced and a number of acoustical analysis methods are then presented that form the basis for modern loudspeaker behavioural simulation. The acoustical behaviour of the compression-driver phase plug and compression cavity is discussed and targets are determined for the ideal behaviour. The Smith guidelines for the design of annular-channel compression drivers are outlined. It is demonstrated that, for realistic geometries, the Smith guidelines do not lead to optimum performance. A new channel-positioning method is outlined that is based on a more realistic representation of the compression driver. This approach is further developed into a general channel-positioning methodology that may be applied using numerical techniques to compression drivers of arbitrary geometry. It is shown that the performance of a compression driver may be improved by careful shaping of the compression cavity. A number of methods for designing optimally shaped compression cavities are described. A Smith-type approach to the design of radial-channel compression drivers is outlined, including methods specifically intended to ease the manufacture of such devices. A prototype driver using one of these methods is described and measurements of the performance of this prototype are compared with predictions of the driver performance. The behaviour of compression drivers with non-rigid radiating diaphragms is considered. It is shown that, if the mechanical diaphragm modes and acoustical cavity modes meet a certain condition, then the diaphragm non-rigidity is not a factor that limits the linear driver response. An attempt is made to find geometries that meet this condition.
Catecholamines and heart function in heart transplant patients: Effects of β1- versus nonselective β-blockade* (1998)

Both absence of parasympathetic buffering and diminished systemic clearance contributed to the enhanced cardiac responses to infusion of norepinephrine and epinephrine in heart transplant patients compared with patients with essential hypertension. Cardiac beta2-receptors mediate most of the chronotropic and inotropic responses to epinephrine in both patients with hypertension and heart transplant patients.
The GATA-4 Transcription Factor Transactivates the Cardiac Muscle-Specific Troponin C Promoter-Enhancer in Nonmuscle Cells (1994)

The unique contractile phenotype of cardiac myocytes is determined by the expression of a set of cardiac muscle-specific genes. By analogy to other mammalian developmental systems, it is likely that the coordinate expression of cardiac genes is controlled by lineage-specific transcription factors that interact with promoter and enhancer elements in the transcriptional regulatory regions of these genes. Although previous reports have identified several cardiac muscle-specific transcriptional elements, relatively little is known about the lineage-specific transcription factors that regulate these elements. In this report, we demonstrate that the slow/cardiac muscle-specific troponin C (cTnC) enhancer contains a specific binding site for the lineage-restricted zinc finger transcription factor GATA-4. This GATA-4-binding site is required for enhancer activity in primary cardiac myocytes. Moreover, the cTnC enhancer can be transactivated by overexpression of GATA-4 in non-cardiac muscle cells such as NIH 3T3 cells. In situ hybridization studies demonstrate that GATA-4 and cTnC have overlapping patterns of expression in the hearts of postimplantation mouse embryos and that GATA-4 gene expression precedes cTnC expression. Indirect immunofluorescence reveals GATA-4 expression in cultured cardiac myocytes from neonatal rats. Taken together, these results are consistent with a model in which GATA-4 functions to direct tissue-specific gene expression during mammalian cardiac development.
Towards Service Atomization for Analyzing Information (2012)

A satisfactory solution for data-intensive web service is required to overcome the problems of web service performance and scalability. We address these problems and propose service atomization, a new approach in atomizing information analysis that tackles large scale information. It uses a measure to ease the creation and collaboration of services. We call this measure service enthalpy, which comprises enthalpy of data intensification, functionality simplification, analysis shall owing and data uniformization.
Supplementary Figures S1 - S8 from Integrin-α10 Dependency Identifies RAC and RICTOR as Therapeutic Targets in High-Grade Myxofibrosarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1, showing clustering of myxofibrosarcomas compared to normal tissue and showing the validation of the association of 5 genes with survival. Supplementary Figure S2, showing the effects of ITGA10 knockdown and overexpression. Supplementary Figure S3, showing the cell biology of integrin-alpha10 in myxofibrosarcoma cells. Supplementary Figure S4, showing the associations of TRIO and RICTOR amplification and overexpression with clinical outcomes. Supplementary Figure S5, showing that TRIO and RAC1 knockdown induce apoptosis in myxofibrosarcoma cells, but not in ASCs. Supplementary Figure S6, showing that RAPTOR knockdown does not induce apoptosis in myxofibrosarcoma cells. Supplementary Figure S7, showing the effects of RAC/PAK and mTOR inhibitors in myxofibrosarcoma cells and normal cells. Supplementary Figure S8, showing that mice treated with INK128 and/or EHop-016 maintain their weight.&lt;/p&gt;
Evaporative Properties and Pinning Strength of Laser-Ablated, Hydrophilic Sites on Lotus-Leaf-like, Nanostructured Surfaces (2007)

Wetting, evaporative, and pinning strength properties of hydrophilic sites on superhydrophobic, nanostructured surfaces were examined. Understanding these properties is important for surface characterization and designing features in self-cleaning, lotus-leaf-like surfaces. Laser-ablated, hydrophilic spots between 250 mum and 2 mm in diameter were prepared on silicon nanowire (NW) superhydrophobic surfaces. For larger circumference pinning sites, initial contact angle measurements resemble the contact angle of the surface within the pinning site: 65-69 degrees . As the drop volume is increased, the contact angles approach the contact angle of the NW surface without pinning sites: 171-176 degrees . The behavior of water droplets on the pinning sites is governed by how much of the water droplet is being influenced by the superhydrophobic NW surfaces versus the hydrophilic areas. During the evaporation of sinapic acid solution, drops are pinned by the spots except for the smaller circumference sites. Pinning strengths of the hydrophilic sites are a linear function of the pinning spot circumference. Protein samples prepared and deposited on the pinning sites for analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization indicate an improvement in sensitivity from that of a standard plate analysis by a factor of 5.
Two-step manufacturing of hundreds of meter-long silicon micrometer-size core optical fibers with less than 0.2 dB/cm background losses (2021)

This work reports on the fabrication and the characterization of hybrid optical fibers with silicon core and silica cladding. Adopting a two-step manufacturing technique derived from the stack-and-draw method, silicon-core fibers with core dimensions ranging from about 0.8 μm to 3.5 μm have been successively drawn into hundreds of meter-long fibers. A 3.3 μm diameter core fiber has been more extensively characterized and background losses for this as-drawn fiber are less than 0.2 dB/cm between 1250 nm and 1650 nm, with a minimum of 0.12 dB/cm around 1600 nm. The crystalline state of the core and the limited impact of oxygen contamination were confirmed by Raman scattering, x-ray diffraction, HR-STEM, and ToF-SIMS analysis. Transmission peaks associated with specific modal distributions are evidenced under certain injection conditions and their positions are shown to be in good accordance with mode cut-off wavelengths of a step-index silicon-core fiber.
The effect of finger spreading on drag of the hand in human swimming (2016)

The effect of finger spreading on hydrodynamic drag in swimming is studied both with a numerical simulation and with laboratory experiments. Both approaches are based on the exact same 3D model of the hand with attached forearm. The virtual version of the hand with forearm was implemented in a numerical code by means of an immersed boundary method and the physical version was studied in a wind tunnel experiment. An enhancement of the drag coefficient of 2 and 5% compared to the case with closed fingers was found for the numerical simulation and experiment, respectively. A 5 and 8% favourable effect on the (dimensionless) force moment at an optimal finger spreading of 10 degrees was found, which indicates that the difference is more outspoken in the force moment. Also an analytical model is proposed, using scaling arguments similar to the Betz actuator disk model, to explain the drag coefficient as a function of finger spacing.
Electrical Characteristics of Near-Interface Traps in 3C-SiC Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Capacitors (2008)

Deep-depletion capacitance measurements on n-type 3C-SiC MOS capacitors that exhibit both field and temperature dependencies are presented and analyzed in this letter. A two-step electron-detrapping process, in which electrons first tunnel from neutral near-interface traps to interface traps and are subsequently thermally emitted into the silicon carbide conduction band, is identified as the responsible mechanism. A mathematical model is proposed for this two-step detrapping process.
Evaluating the composition and processing potential of novel sources of Brazilian biomass for sustainable biorenewables production (2014)

Our results show the potential of three Brazilian grasses with high productivity yields as valuable sources of carbohydrates for ethanol production and other biomaterials. Sodium hydroxide at 130°C was found to be the most effective pretreatment for enhanced saccharification yields. It was also efficient in the production of microfibrillated cellulose on grass surfaces, thereby revealing their potential as a source of natural fillers used for bionanocomposites production.
Interaction between the octamer-binding protein nuclear factor III and the adenovirus origin of DNA replication (1988)

Nuclear factor III (NFIII) is a HeLa sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that stimulates initiation of adenovirus DNA replication in vitro and may be involved in regulation of transcription of several cellular and viral genes. We have studied the interaction between NFIII and the binding site in the adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) origin in detail by methidiumpropyl-EDTA.iron(II) and hydroxyl radical footprinting and by alkylation interference experiments. Our results indicate that (i) the core of the recognition sequence is 5'-TATGATAAT-3'; (ii) both major and minor groove base contacts are detected, and all base pairs in the core are involved in binding; (iii) many backbone contacts are observed divided into a large domain coinciding with the core and a small domain; (iv) contact points are not confined to one side of the DNA helix in contrast to the nuclear factor I (NFI)-binding site; (v) the binding site overlaps the NFI-binding site for at least one nucleotide. A number of Ad2 mutants as well as related binding sites in the origins of other adenovirus serotypes were systematically compared for binding with NFIII. The results are in good agreement with the contact point studies and show that at least one AT base pair is commonly required by NFI and NFIII for optimal binding. The strongest binding site, which contains the octamer/decanucleotide motif (ATGCAAAT[NA]), was found in the Ad4 origin, which lacks an NFI-binding site. Stimulation of in vitro DNA replication of Ad2, Ad4, and Ad12 by NFIII showed that the maximal level of stimulation is dependent on the affinity of NFIII for the origin.
Time-reversal methods in geophysics (2010)

Classical earthquakes are easily located by triangulation. For more obscure seismic events, geophysicists are developing the trick of playing the movie backward.
Challenges in Moving to Multiscale Battery Models - Where Electrochemistry meets and demands more from Math (2020)

There has been significant recent interest in studying multiscale characteristics of current and next-generation batteries, including lithium-metal and lithium-sulfur batteries. Multiple studies have conveyed the importance of microscale effects, pressure effects, and morphology changes. Advances in computing power make researchers believe that the detailed multiscale models can be efficiently simulated to arrive at the insights for the degradation and performance loss; however, this is not true and special attention needs to be paid to local singularities, boundary layers, moving boundaries, etc. This article presents motivating 2D examples suggesting the importance of grid convergence studies and discusses the challenges in simulating detailed models by providing well-defined models to test the efficiency of numerical schemes. This article also provides perspectives on important numerical aspects for robustness and efficiency, and provides recommendations on the possible best practices for studies involving multiscale modeling.