gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of varying argon ion laser intensity and exposure time on the ablation of atherosclerotic plaque (1988)

Using continuous wave (CW) argon ion laser light, a total of 253 laser exposures of varying power (1.5, 3, 5, 8 or 10 W) and duration (20-1,333 ms) were delivered to four segments of human atheromatous aorta obtained at autopsy. Exposure conditions were controlled by using an optically shielded laser catheter that provided a 500 micron spot of light of known power. Two thresholds for consistently reproducible ablation could be defined-an intensity threshold at 25.5 W/mm2 and a fluence threshold at 3.2 J/mm2. Above threshold, a fluence of 5.1 J/mm2 was found to produce the most efficient ablation, ie, removed the greatest volume (mm3) per energy delivered (J) compared to other fluence levels employed (p less than 0.0001). Between aortic segments, however, considerable variability in efficiency (mm3/J) was observed, possibly owing to different optical properties and/or plaque composition. Low-intensity laser radiation produced inconsistent ablation and extensive coagulation effects to surrounding tissue. When a fluence of 5.1 J/mm2 was constructed with a high-intensity laser beam and a short exposure time, consistent and efficient tissue removal resulted without histologic evidence of coagulation necrosis.
OS1-02 Study on Micro-scale Ceramic Catalytic Combustor with Embedded Heat Exchange Channels (2005)

Micro-scale catalytic combustion of butane is investigated. A cost-effective and robust ceramic combustor is developed using high-precision tape-casting technology. Nano-porous alumina for the support of Pt catalyst is fabricated through anodic oxidation of aluminum layer. In order to increase the thermal efficiency, a combustor with embedded cross-flow heat exchange channels is desinged based on a series of CFD analysis. The relationship between catalyst temperature and fuel conversion efficiency is obtained with a simplified surface reaction model. It is found that the efficiency of heat exchanger is deteriorated due to the heat condction in the solid wall.
Surface Modifiers for the Generation of Advanced Nanomaterials (2016)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Most Commonly Used NMs and Their Possible Surface Chemistry Parameters Influencing NP Functionalization Modification Strategies The Potential Problems During NPs Modifications Surface Modifiers Conclusions
New frontiers for embedded computing (2004)

Until recently, embedded computing was a niche discipline, but it is now part of standard industrial practice. The increasing sophistication of embedded applications is matched by new demands on system performance, especially real-time, and on both interoperability and development process. In this note, I will describe some of the challenges and some new applications for real-time outside traditional areas.
Proposed active constituents of <i>Dipladenia martiana</i> (2001)

3Beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol, pomolic acid, ursolic acid, epicatechin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (astragalin), quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside and quebrachitol were isolated by chromatographic fractionation of the methanol extract from the aerial parts of Dipladenia martiana (Apocynaceae). The hexane extract yielded lupeol and sitostenone. These compounds are likely to be responsible for the therapeutic effects.
Training 3D-MOT improves biological motion perception in aging: evidence for transferability of training. (2012)

In our everyday life, processing complex dynamic scenes such as crowds and traffic is of critical importance. Further, it is well documented that there is an age-related decline for complex perceptual-cognitive dynamic processes and that such processes can be trained, reversing aging effects (VSS 2011). It has been suggested that training for 3D-Multiple Object Tracking (3D-MOT) under certain conditions helps observers manage complex dynamic scenes in real life situations (Faubert & Sidebottom, 2011). Here we test this proposition by assessing whether training older observers on 3D-MOT can improve a socially relevant task such as biological motion perception. In complex scenes such as crowds, the perception of individual dynamics is important for society living. These human dynamics can be expressed by biological motion patterns. Previous research has shown that older adults require more distance in virtual space between themselves and the point-light walker to integrate biological motion information (VSS 2009). Older adults’ performances dramatically decrease at a distance as far away as 4 m (in zones where it gets critical for collision avoidance), whereas younger adults’ performance remains constant up to 1 m. We trained younger and older observers on the 3D MOT speed task and looked at younger and older adults’ performance on biological motion task presented at 4 and 16m distance in virtual space. We also trained a control group on a visual perceptual task in the same testing conditions. Results demonstrated that, while the control group condition showed no improvements, 3D-MOT training reversed age-related biological motion perception loss where the difference found for older adults between 4 and 16 m disappeared after a few weeks of training. This demonstrates that 3D-MOT training in aging could be a good generic process for helping older observers deal with complex dynamic scenes such as when driving or navigating in dense crowds. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012
On the Ability of the Particle Monte Carlo Technique to Include Quantum Effects in Nano-MOSFET Simulation (2007)

In this paper, we report on the possibility of using particle-based Monte Carlo (MC) techniques to incorporate all relevant quantum effects in the simulation of semiconductor nanotransistors. Starting from the conventional MC approach within the semiclassical Boltzmann approximation, we develop a multisubband description of transport to include quantization in ultrathin-body devices. This technique is then extended to the particle simulation of quantum transport within the Wigner formulation. This new simulator includes all expected quantum effects in nanotransistors and all relevant scattering mechanisms, which are taken into account the same way as in Boltzmann simulation. This paper is illustrated by analyzing the device operation and performance of multigate nanotransistors in a convenient range of channel lengths and thicknesses to separate the influence of all relevant effects: Significant quantization effects occur for thickness smaller than 5 nm and wave-mechanical-transport effects manifest themselves for channel length smaller than 10 nm. We also show that scattering mechanisms still have an important influence in nanoscaled double-gate transistors, both in the intrinsic part of the channel and in the resistive lateral extensions.
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) enhances apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation in corneal epithelial cells through cytochrome c-caspase activation (2001)

PAF increases RCE and HCE apoptosis caused by UV irradiation by stimulating PLA(2), producing an early release of cytocrome c from mitochondria and activating caspase-3 by a receptor-mediated mechanism. This accelerating effect of PAF on the apoptotic cascade only occurred when corneal epithelial cells had been previously damaged by UV radiation.
Dose-dependent effects of short-term dietary administration of the food additive butylated hydroxyanisole on cell kinetic parameters in gastro-intestinal tract (1990)

Groups of ten 5-week old male Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 or 2.0% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) ad libitum for 2 weeks; another group of rats served as a pair-fed control (PFC) group for the 2% BHA-fed animals. Subsequently, rats were injected i.p. with the thymidine-analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) which was incorporated into the DNA of cells during DNA synthesis. Cell kinetic parameters in gastro-intestinal tract tissues were determined by means of bivariate BrdU/DNA analysis applying flow-cytometry to randomized tissue samples or by applying immunohistology to randomized tissue sections. In the forestomach, glandular stomach, small intestine and colon/rectum, mean tissue labelling index (LI) was significantly increased in rats on a diet supplemented with 2% BHA, in comparison with rats fed the basal diet (0% BHA) ad libitum or restricted to the mean daily intake of 2% BHA-fed rats (PFC). In the oesophagus of rats fed 2% BHA, the LI was significantly higher in comparison with their PFC group, but not with the group of rats fed 0% BHA ad libitum. In rat forestomach, an apparent no observed effect level for ad libitum fed rats was found at 0.5% BHA (LI) and at 0.75% BHA (potential doubling time). Thus, the oesophagus, glandular stomach, small intestine and large bowel, in addition to the forestomach, are possible target tissues in rats for the proliferation enhancing effects of BHA. At the time of termination of the experiment, plasma BHA concentrations were dose dependently increased and were in the range that is easily attained in man after ingestion of a dose equal to the acceptable daily intake for BHA (0.5 mg/kg).
Characteristics of nanosilicon ballistic cold cathode in liquids as an active electrode (2007)

This paper reports a concept of the ballistic emitter operation for its possible use in liquids. The nc-Si cold cathodes were fabricated on n-type Si wafers or polycrystalline Si films. It is concluded that the ballistic emitter provides useful means not only for hydrogen generation, but also for control of pH values, redox potentials, and electrochemical activity of solutions including biological media.
Value of Hardware-In-Loop for experimenting microgrid performance system studies (2016)

This paper presents a research and education based platform of simple Microgrid (MG) and Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) modern PC based Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) to simulate the MG platform set up. The value of simulator is evaluated using different functions for performance analysis of MG test bed under different simulation environment. The Simulink software is use to build the detailed model of MG and controller which can be used to solve the voltage/VAr and frequency control problems offline. The issues of MG control as a single agent or value of multi-agent decision support are discussed. The performance of controls is simulated online using the OPAL RT and eMAGAsim for economic selection and effectiveness of the controls, which will be sufficient for enhancing the design and capacity of MG for meeting its reliable and efficient power supply objectives under different contingencies. The developed test bed capability has been demonstrated by using it for validating different controls system for securing the MG network under different contingencies.
Purification and characterization of an extracellular phosphoglycan from Leishmania donovani. (1992)

An extracellular phosphoglycan (exPG), present in the culture medium of the promastigote form of Leishmania donovani, was purified and structurally characterized. The purification scheme included ethanol precipitation of the culture medium, anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Structural analysis by 1H-1H NMR, methylation linkage analysis, and glycosidase digestion revealed that the exPG consisted of the following structure: (CAP)----[PO4-6Galp beta 1-4Manp alpha 1]10-11-PO4-6Galp beta 1-4Man. The cap was found to be one of several small, neutral oligosaccharides, the most abundant of which was the trisaccharide Galp beta 1-4(Manp alpha 1-2)Man. The results indicated structural analogy to the cellular-derived lipophosphoglycan (LPG) from L. donovani. The important exceptions are a lack of the lipid anchor, the entire phosphosaccharide core, and several of the repeating disaccharide units. Although the function of exPG is presently unknown, it may play a protective role for the promastigote in the insect vector or during infection of a mammalian host.
Proton<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>from beam-target asymmetry (2006)

The ratio of the proton's electric to magnetic form factor, ${G}_{E}/{G}_{M}$, can be extracted in elastic electron-proton scattering by measuring cross sections, beam-target asymmetry, or recoil polarization. Separate determinations of ${G}_{E}/{G}_{M}$ by cross sections and recoil polarization observables disagree for ${Q}^{2}&gt;1$ (GeV/$c){}^{2}$. Measurement by a third technique might uncover an unknown systematic error in either of the previous measurements. The beam-target asymmetry has been measured for elastic electron-proton scattering at ${Q}^{2}$ = 1.51 (GeV/$c){}^{2}$ for target spin orientation aligned perpendicular to the beam momentum direction. This is the largest ${Q}^{2}$ at which ${G}_{E}/{G}_{M}$ has been determined by a beam-target asymmetry experiment. The result, $\ensuremath{\mu}{G}_{E}/{G}_{M}=0.884\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.027\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.029$, is compared to previous world data.
Differences in vascular effects and removal of endothelin‐1 in human lung, brain, and skeletal muscle, (1993)

To investigate the effects and elimination of endothelin-1 in humans, an intravenous infusion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) (4 pmol kg-1 min-1 for 20 min) was given to 10 healthy volunteers. Arterial plasma endothelin-1 like immunoreactivity (ET-1-LI) increased eleven-fold. The fractional extraction of ET-1-LI was 41% and 30% across the pulmonary and skeletal muscle vascular beds, respectively. The lung eliminated almost half of the administered ET-1. No fractional extraction was found in the cerebral circulation. The pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) was increased slightly by endothelin-1. Across both the cerebral and skeletal muscle vascular beds the arterio-venous oxygen difference decreased (P < 0.05), suggesting vasodilation, the effect lasting up to 1 h after the end of endothelin-1 infusion in the cerebral circulation. Arterial-pulmonary artery oxygen difference increased by 20%. ET-1 infusion led to a decrease in heart rate (10%), cardiac output (14%) and stroke volume (8%) (all with P < 0.05) as well as a 7% increase in mean arterial blood pressure. Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance increased by 67% and 25%, respectively (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate the regional differences in the removal of circulating endothelin-1, the lung being mainly responsible for the plasma elimination. Endothelin-1 seems to exert both vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory actions in humans, probably depending on differences in receptor populations and endothelium configuration in various vascular beds.
SURG-01. AN INTRAOPERATIVE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC PROBE FOR GLIOMA SURGERY: INDICATIONS, SAFETY, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS (2018)

Raman spectroscopy is a tool that utilizes a non-contact label-free modality of optical imaging that measures inelastic scattered photon shifts to give a unique biochemical signature. There is established work showing that these unique fingerprints can differentiate a glioma from necrosis and normal brain. The ability to instantly characterize these organic tissues intraoperatively, then, can help guide a surgeon’s resection. The goal of the present study is to review the Raman work that has been performed to date, its demonstrated safety in a rat model and the indications for use of this operative tool. We review the fundamental principles of Raman spectroscopy, some contemporary data, and show its effectiveness as an intraoperative probe. Because the probe uses a 100mW 785nM laser wavelength, we also determined the threshold at which it causes damage to cortical grey matter in a rat model. Raman spectroscopy has a high sensitivity and specificity (>97%) when discriminating between grey matter, necrosis and GBM. A discriminant function analysis, supervised classification algorithm, is used for spectral identification to allow relevant spectral interpretation and allows for tailoring to which Raman peaks are significant for diagnosis. In regards to safety, animal experiments showed no damage seen at 10 seconds/250mW and estimated damage to occur at 60 seconds/250mW. We also present an intraoperative workflow of how this tool could be used in the operating room. A Raman spectrographic probe is a safe and powerful tool that can provide live intraoperative diagnosis and identify tissue margins. Further work is being done to identify clinical outcomes, the unique fingerprints of other pathological tissues and further differentiate gliomas based on molecular markers like IDH-1.
PD37-07 CONTRAST ENHANCED ULTRASOUND FOR DETECTION OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA RECURRENCE FOLLOWING ABLATION (2018)

RESULTS: In 25 patients, total 2149 lymph nodes were excised (mean 86 nodes/patient ), wherein 528 (22%) harbored metastases (mean 21 positive nodes/patient [0-109]). In total, 177 regions had matching imaging-histologic data. 11C-Acetate imaging correctly identified total 48 positive nodal regions, while accurately ruling-out 88 regions as metastasis-free. 11C-Acetate sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 66.7%, 83.8%, 73.9% and 78.6% respectively. Median Standard Uptake Value (SUV) for true-positive result was 3.2. Increasing histologically-measured metastatic-lesion size in long axis diameter (LAD) (5mm, 6-10mm, 11-15mm, 16-20mm and 21mm) correlated with improved 11C-Acetate detection rates (45%, 61.9%, 81.3%, 88.9% and 100%, respectively). After controlling for template level, laterality, pre-PET PSA and Gleason score, each SUV unit increase correlated with an increase of 1.9mm in LAD (p<0.001) and 1.2mm in short axis diameter(SAD) of the node (p<0.001). Histologic lymphnode size (LAD 12.0mm, SAD 6.0mm) and metastatic-lesion size (LAD 11.0mm, SAD 6.0mm) correlated with positive 11C-Acetate scan, as did extra-nodal extension (true-positive 87.5% vs false-negative 58% [p0.0045]).
Superfluid Helium Droplets: An Ultracold Nanolaboratory (2001)

The unique environment in liquid helium droplets opens up new opportunities for molecular spectroscopy and for probing superfluid phenomena on the atomic scale.
Design of a wide bandwidth switchable mirror based on a liquid crystal etalon (2009)

We propose the design for a switchable mirror with high efficiency and a 30 nm bandwidth. The device is based on a liquid crystal filled etalon. Broad bandwidth is achieved through the use of integrated half-wave layers into the dielectric stack design, while high efficiency is achieved using a polarization independent liquid crystal effect. Potential applications in the area of displays are also presented.
Term Set Expansion based NLP Architect by Intel AI Lab (2018)

Jonathan Mamou, Oren Pereg, Moshe Wasserblat, Alon Eirew, Yael Green, Shira Guskin, Peter Izsak, Daniel Korat. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations. 2018.
Evaluation of Alternative DO Control Strategies for High Rate BNR Processes (2003)

Evaluation of Alternative DO Control Strategies for High Rate BNR ProcessesAssessment of the level of DO control necessary to meet nutrient removal performance targets and contain energy costs is critical in large wastewater treatment plants. An additional challenge for high rate, step feed BNR processes are the changing DO demands, due to both the diurnal variation and the process' step feed pattern. A comprehensive evaluation using dynamic process simulation showed...Author(s)Keith MahoneyJames MuellerChris VillariDimitrios KatehisEileen ProffittSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 75 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Processes: Advances in Aeration SystemsDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2003ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20030101)2003:5L.264;1-DOI10.2175/193864703784606963Volume / Issue2003 / 5Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)264 - 271Copyright2003Word count198
A new performance model of optical burst switching with fiber delay lines (2004)

We present a new performance model for a prioritized optical burst switch architecture employing fiber delay lines (FDLs) as optical buffers to reduce the burst loss probability. The performance of such architecture cannot be captured accurately using traditional queueing models since FDLs behave fundamentally differently from conventional electronic buffers. We formulate a Markovian model to evaluate the system performance when the burst arrival process is Poisson and the burst lengths are exponentially distributed. Both the balking and bounded delay characteristics of FDLs are captured in the model. A conservation law is used to extend the analysis to a system implementing differentiated services with two prioritized traffic classes. The extended model captures the system dynamics for high priority traffic and yields a good approximation for low priority traffic. We also find that the previously developed models are approximations of our general model in the regimes of short and long FDLs. Our numerical results validate the accuracy of our modeling approach and demonstrate significant performance gains when FDLs are employed as optical buffers.
MABSplit: Faster Forest Training Using Multi-Armed Bandits (2022)

Random forests are some of the most widely used machine learning models today, especially in domains that necessitate interpretability. We present an algorithm that accelerates the training of random forests and other popular tree-based learning methods. At the core of our algorithm is a novel node-splitting subroutine, dubbed MABSplit, used to efficiently find split points when constructing decision trees. Our algorithm borrows techniques from the multi-armed bandit literature to judiciously determine how to allocate samples and computational power across candidate split points. We provide theoretical guarantees that MABSplit improves the sample complexity of each node split from linear to logarithmic in the number of data points. In some settings, MABSplit leads to 100x faster training (an 99% reduction in training time) without any decrease in generalization performance. We demonstrate similar speedups when MABSplit is used across a variety of forest-based variants, such as Extremely Random Forests and Random Patches. We also show our algorithm can be used in both classification and regression tasks. Finally, we show that MABSplit outperforms existing methods in generalization performance and feature importance calculations under a fixed computational budget. All of our experimental results are reproducible via a one-line script at https://github.com/ThrunGroup/FastForest.
ExperimentSubset: an R package to manage subsets of Bioconductor Experiment objects (2021)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Rhodamines with a Chloronicotinic Acid Fragment for Live Cell Superresolution STED Microscopy** (2021)

Formylation of 2,6-dichloro-5-R-nicotinic acids at C-4 followed by condensation with 3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylaniline gave analogs of the popular TAMRA fluorescent dye with a 2,6-dichloro-5-R-nicotinic acid residues (R=H, F). The following reaction with thioglycolic acid is selective, involves only one chlorine atom at the carbon between pyridine nitrogen and the carboxylic acid group and affords new rhodamine dyes absorbing at 564/ 573 nm and emitting at 584/ 597 nm (R=H/ F, in aq. PBS). Conjugates of the dyes with "small molecules" provided specific labeling (covalent and non-covalent) of organelles as well as of components of the cytoskeleton in living cells and were combined with fluorescent probes prepared from 610CP and SiR dyes and applied in two-color STED microscopy with a 775 nm STED laser.