gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vox Populi: Robert McCulloch, Ferguson, and the Roles of Prosecutors and Grand Juries in High-Profile Cases (2015)

The decisions of St. Louis County Prosecuting Attorney Robert McCulloch during the grand jury investigation of the shooting of Michael Brown by Officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri, have been criticized on a variety of grounds. In an article written for a Missouri Law Review syposium on the shooting and its aftermath, and titled No, You Stand Up: Why Prosecutors Should Stop Hiding Behind Grand Juries, my good friend Professor Ben Trachtenberg takes Mr. McCulloch to task for allowing the grand jury to deliberate without making a recommendation about whether charges should be filed. Professor Trachtenberg asserts that, at the close of the evidentiary presentation to the grand jury, Mr. McCulloch did not believe there to be probable cause and that, accordingly, McCulloch should either not have allowed the grand jury to deliberate at all or should at the least have recommended against indictment due to lack of probable cause. Professor Trachtenberg strongly intimates that Mr. McCulloch behaved unethically, and asserts forthrightly that McCulloch acted out of political self-interest and failed to properly fulfill the functions of his office.Whatever the merits of other criticisms of Mr. McCulloch, Professor Trachtenberg's particular criticisms seem misconceived. This Article makes the case that, so far as appears from the public record, Mr. McCulloch conducted the Brown-Wilson investigation in compliance with Missouri law, violated no ethical rule, and, at least in his office's relations with the grand jury, proceeded professionally and in a manner calculated to promote the public interest.
Proposed design of an integrated plant management system (IPM) for the Electric Power Development Company in Japan (2002)

Deregulation of the electric utility industry in Japan has been underway since 1995 when the Electricity Utility Law was revised to allow independent power producers (IPPs) to sell electricity to the ten General Electric Utilities on a wholesale basis. The Electric Power Development Corporation (EPDC) of Japan is the largest wholesale electric power utility in the nation. The objective of privatization is to facilitate the dynamics for reform and restructuring in a manner that will produce a reduction in the electrical tariff charged to EPDC's consumers. Such a reduction in tariffs can be accomplished by increasing revenues through more efficient methods of operations and by reducing operations and maintenance expenses. EPDC realizes that there is significant opportunity to achieve improvements in both of these areas and has undertaken the development of an integrated plant management (IPM) system in pursuit of this goal.
The CD-loop of PAI-2 (SERPINB2) is redundant in the targeting, inhibition and clearance of cell surface uPA activity (2009)

We demonstrate that the CD-loop is redundant for the purposes of cellular uPA inhibition and cell surface clearance (endocytosis) and is thus suitable for the development of anti-uPA targeted cancer therapeutics.
In vivo regulatory T cell phenotypes and functional responses to aldesleukin. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;(A and B) mTregs had their maximum pSTAT5 response to treatment at 90 min, and a detectable response was sustained for up to 4 d at the higher doses and was dose dependent on day 1 with a cubic dose response (average baseline pSTAT5 MFI = 7.36, SE = 0.33, range 4.64–12.53, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 36). (C–F) Following activation, mTregs had a dose-dependent increase in CTLA-4 and FOXP3 expression, returning to baseline by day 3–4 post-dosing (mTreg CTLA-4 MFI = 1,539, SE = 65, range 877–2,411, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 32; and mTreg FOXP3 MFI = 1,174, SE = 68, range 580–2,009, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 34). (G) Concurrent with these changes on day 1, there was an increase in proliferation of mTregs in blood (baseline Ki-67&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; mTreg = 15.27%, SE = 0.86%, range 7.10%–30.20%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 33). (H) Intracellular staining of Tregs from whole blood for FOXP3 showed an increase in FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tregs on day 3 (FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tregs/CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells = 6.44%, SE = 0.25%, range 4.03%–10.30%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 37). (I) Analysis of FOXP3 gene demethylation on total Tregs and CD62L&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt; (effector memory) and CD62L&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; (central memory) CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; memory T cells sorted from whole blood at pretreatment, post-treatment (day 3), and the last visit (day 60) showing stability of this Treg phenotype. (K) Tregs expanded in vivo at day 3 post-aldesleukin suppressed in vitro proliferation of autologous Teffs equivalently to Tregs at day in a suppression assay across the dose range (Treg:Teff ratio) tested. Error bars in (I) and (K) represent SEs. (J) Predictive cubic models based on the study data for CD25, pSTAT5, and Treg responses at the doses identified to increase Tregs by 10% and 20%. The error bars present the 95% confidence intervals around the predictions by these models. CM, central memory; EM, effector memory; MFI, mean fluorescent intensity; mTreg, memory regulatory T cell.&lt;/p&gt;
Poster (2019)

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) desire 1) energy efficiency, 2)long communication range, and 3) scalability for ubiquitous connectivity. Existing technologies any two and trade off the third. We propose a differential time modulation that is energy efficient in a large-scale, long-range network.
DS21, a new noninvasive technology, is effective and safe for screening for prediabetes and diabetes in Chinese population (2020)

DS21 is fast, noninvasive, low cost, reliable and safe, which makes it a feasible device for screening for prediabetes and diabetes, especially in a large population.
Virtual Reality to Study the Gap Between Offline and Real-Time EMG-based Gesture Recognition (2019)

Within sEMG-based gesture recognition, a chasm exists in the literature between offline accuracy and real-time usability of a classifier. This gap mainly stems from the four main dynamic factors in sEMG-based gesture recognition: gesture intensity, limb position, electrode shift and transient changes in the signal. These factors are hard to include within an offline dataset as each of them exponentially augment the number of segments to be recorded. On the other hand, online datasets are biased towards the sEMG-based algorithms providing feedback to the participants, limiting the usability of such datasets as benchmarks. This paper proposes a virtual reality (VR) environment and a real-time experimental protocol from which the four main dynamic factors can more easily be studied. During the online experiment, the gesture recognition feedback is provided through the leap motion camera, enabling the proposed dataset to be re-used to compare future sEMG-based algorithms. 20 able-bodied persons took part in this study, completing three to four sessions over a period spanning between 14 and 21 days. Finally, TADANN, a new transfer learning-based algorithm, is proposed for long term gesture classification and significantly (p<0.05) outperforms fine-tuning a network.
Visuospatial working memory game and measured memory performances at various ages (2016)

Because of rapid population aging, it is necessary to design and develop senior-friendly or disability-friendly interfaces that can decrease the cognitive workload caused by an interface. At that time, the design implications and evaluation criteria of an interface should be needed for creating senior-friendly and disability-friendly interfaces. One of the elements that relate to memory functions for manipulating interfaces include working memory. However, rough standard of visuospatial memory remains unknown. Particularly, there are little reports about the relations between the age and the volume of visuospatial memory. In this paper, we aim to clarify this relations for proposing interface implications by using a visual pattern span test. For effective measurement of the memory, we implemented a gamified measurement application based on visual pattern span tests. The results indicated that the median numbers of memorable buttons on visuospatial memory were and 7.0 (interquartile range: 5.0-9.0). Also, the number of memorable buttons increases as the age increases until the age ranged 21-25 and then decreases gradually as the age increases after 21-25 years. Our evaluation suggest that it can be effective to measure memory performance of, especially, children by the applications that are designed based on the entertainment concepts including a gamification.
Correction to: Ethological description of a fixed action pattern in a kissing bug (Triatominae): vision, gustation, proboscis extension and drinking of water and guava (2018)

The article Ethological description of a fixed action pattern in a kissing bug (Triatominae): vision, gustation, proboscis extension
Leptin and the Blood‐Brain Barrier: Curiosities and Controversies (2021)

Leptin for over 25 years has been a central theme in the study of appetite, obesity, and starvation. As the major site of leptin production is peripheral, and the site of action of greatest interest is the hypothalamus, how leptin accesses the central nervous system (CNS) and crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been of great interest. We review here the ongoing research that addresses fundamental questions such as the sites of leptin resistances in obesity and other conditions, the causes of resistances and their relations to one another, the three barrier sites of entry into the CNS, why recent studies using suprapharmacological doses cannot address these questions but give insight into nonsaturable entry of leptin into the CNS, and how that might be useful in using leptin therapeutically. The current status of the controversy of whether the short form of the leptin receptor acts as the BBB leptin transporter and how obesity may transform leptin transport is reviewed. Review of these and other topics summarizes in a new appreciation of what leptin may have actually evolved to do and what physiological role leptin resistance may play. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-19, 2021.
Regularization uses fractal priors (1987)

Many of the processing tasks arising in early vision involve the solution of ill-posed inverse problems. Two techniques that are often used to solve these inverse problems are regularization and Bayesian modeling. Regularization is used to find a solution that both fits the data and is also sufficiently smooth. Bayesian modeling uses a statistical prior model of the field being estimated to determine an optimal solution. One convenient way of specifying the prior model is to associate an energy function with each possible solution, and to use a Boltzmann distribution to relate the solution energy to its probability. This paper shows that regularization is an example of Bayesian modeling, and that using the regularization energy function for the surface interpolation problem results in a prior model that is fractal (self-affine over a range of scales). We derive an algorithm for generating typical (fractal) estimates from the posterior distribution. We also show how this algorithm can be used to estimate the uncertainty associated with a regularized solution, and how this uncertainty can be used at later stages of processing.
Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (ASQ): development and validation (2019)

The ASQ is a valid, reliable and effective self-rated measure of anxiety and may be a useful tool for screening and assessing anxiety symptoms in psychiatric as well as college settings.
Isotonic Recursive Partitioning (2011)

Isotonic regression is a well-known nonparametric tool for fitting monotonic models and has been studied from both theoretical and practical aspects for several decades, with applications in psychology, medicine, biology, among others. However, it has enjoyed only limited interest in recent years in the context of modern statistical applications. We believe the two major reasons for this limited attention are computational difficulties on large data and statistical difficulties (overfitting). We present a novel algorithmic approach to isotonic regression that addresses these concerns in a manner that is both practically useful and of independent methodological and algorithmic interest. Our new algorithm for isotonic regression is based on recursively partitioning the predictor space through solution of progressively smaller best cut subproblems. This creates a regularized sequence of isotonic models of increasing model complexity that converges to the global isotonic regression solution. The models along the sequence are often more accurate than the unregularized isotonic regression model because of the complexity control they offer. We offer quantification of this complexity control through estimation of degrees of freedom along the path. We also develop efficient methods for generating the global solution through this sequence of structured subproblems, as each subproblem is equivalent to a network flow problem for which efficient algorithms exist. The success of the regularized models in prediction and our algorithms favorable computational properties are demonstrated through a series of simulated and real data experiments.
Two-Photon Microscopy Reveals Stationary Podocytes in Living Zebrafish Larvae (2013)

Podocytes are an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier and cover the outer aspect of glomerular capillaries. They form a complex actin-based cytoskeleton in vivo and show prominent motility in vitro, but whether podocytes are stationary or mobile in vivo is debated. To address this question, the pronephros of translucent zebrafish larvae (casper) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) specifically in podocytes (wt1a:eGFP larvae) was observed by intravital two-photon microscopy over extended periods of time. Podocyte cell bodies and the interdigitating branching pattern of major processes could be resolved with a resolution of approximately 1 µm in the xy-plane. Time-lapse imaging of zebrafish larvae at 5-7 days after fertilization demonstrated that podocytes neither migrated nor changed the branching pattern of their major processes over a time period of up to 23 hours. In summary, we show by extended intravital two-photon microscopy that podocytes are stationary cells in the intact glomerulus of a translucent zebrafish with fluorescently-labeled podocytes.
Quasi-isotropic single-transition cross-polarization in nuclear magnetic resonance (2002)

The theory of single-transition cross-polarization in nuclear magnetic resonance is presented and verified by experimental evidence. In comparison to conventional cross-polarization a qualitative change in the mechanism is observed. Under the influence of matched radio-frequency fields with amplitudes that are smaller than the scalar coupling constant JIS for a two-spin system with I=12 and S=12 in isotropic solution, two simultaneous coherence transfer processes are observed between single-transition coherences which have phases that are parallel to those of the radio-frequency fields, an on-resonance transfer from SxIα to SαIx and an off-resonance transfer from SxIβ to SβIx, without mixing between the two pathways. Coherence transfer is also observed between single-transition coherences with phases that are perpendicular to the radio-frequency fields, from SyIα to SαIy and from SyIβ to SβIy, as well as between longitudinal components, from SzIα to SαIz and from SzIβ to SβIz. The transfer may therefore be considered quasi-isotropic. We consider the conditions under which such transfer processes can be observed. Coherence transfer is affected by differential relaxation due to cross-correlation effects.
Kinetic aspects of cycloheximide-induced reversal of adrenocorticotropin effects on steroidogenesis and adrenal phospholipids in vivo. (1980)

Intraperitoneal injection of maximally effective doses of corticotropin(1-24) [ACTH(1-24)] provoked maximal increases in rat adrenal phospholipids as follows: phosphatidic acid within 1.5-2 min, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol within 4-6 min, and polyphosphoinositides and corticosterone within 5-15 min. Continued maximal adrenal stimulation by ACTH(1-18) treatment caused sustained increases in adrenal phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, polyphosphoinositides, and corticosterone. Treatment with cycloheximide during this steady-state caused rapid decreases in all of these substances to basal levels. The observed half-lives of adrenal phosphatide acid, phosphatidylinositol, polyphosphoinositides, phosphatidylglycerol, and corticosterone during cycloheximide inhibition were 0.15, 1.0, 1.7, 3.3, and 3.5 min, respectively. Calculated production rates during maximal ACTH stimulation were 1060, 991, 90, 34, and 41 nmol/g of tissue per min, respectively. These findings suggest that (i) an initial effect of ACTH on de novo synthesis of phosphatidic acid can account for all subsequently observed increases in other phospholipid derivatives of CDP-diacylglycerol, (ii) a labile protein is required for the ACTH-induced increase in phosphatidic acid, (iii) the phosphatidate leads to polyphosphoinositide-polyglycerophospholipid pathway is rapidly and dramatically responsive to hormonal stimulation, (iv) changes in steroidogenesis correlate well with changes in this phospholipid pathway, and (v) stimulation of this pathway is rapidly reversible.
Methodology for modeling and simulating line-end shortening effects in deep-UV resist (1999)

This paper present a methodology for modeling and simulating line-end shortening (LES) effects in deep-UV photoresist and calibrating the simulation with experimental data. A reaction/diffusion mode is first calibrated using large area dose-to-clear versus bake time data and thickness loss from a top-to-top bake experiment. SPLAT and STORM are linked to simulate the exposure and post exposure bake processes of chemically amplified resist. A threshold mode is then applied to determine the line-end shortening effects. Verification experiments were conducted on two resists, APEX-E and UVIIHS, for several types of geometric features, and the resist model parameters were fine tuned using the Method of Feasible Direction. The measurement of LES agrees quite well when the simulation using an exponential diffusion model of post exposure bake is used. The fine tuning reduced the RMS error to below the noise level in the experimental data and improve the accuracy in predicting LES to 10 percent of feature size.
Holograms for optical wireless LANs (1996)

The authors investigate the use of holographic transmitters in optical wireless local area networks. Holograms allow more optical power to be launched safely, leading to commensurate improvements in system range and performance. The authors assess the hologram performance, make comparison with theoretical predictions and quantify the improvement provided by holograms.
Differences in Tear Film Biochemistry of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Lens Wearers (2017)

The LTB4 concentration was significantly higher in symptomatic contact lens wearers compared to the asymptomatic group, and this may partly mediate the discomfort response during lens wear in the symptomatic lens wearers. No other differences were found in the level of tear factors of interest between the two groups.
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mismatch Criteria to Select Patients for Endovascular Stroke Therapy (2014)

The MRA-DWI mismatch is a promising alternative to DEFUSE 2's PWI-DWI mismatch for patient selection in endovascular stroke trials.
Sensitivity of serology assay in Covid-19 diagnosis: does the antigen matter? (2021)

Since the spreading of Sar-CoV-2 in March 2020, many serologic tests have been developed to identify antibody responses. Indeed, different commercial kits are directed against different antigens and could utilise different methods thereby triggering confusion and criticism. Here, we compared two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved automatized assays that detect IgG responses against spike or nucleocapsid protein of Sars-Cov-2 virus in 127 subjects among healthcare workers of IRCCS Policlinico San Donato (MI), Italy. We observed different kinetics of IgG responses, demonstrating the importance of timing of sampling to correctly interpret the results both for infection diagnosis and for epidemiologic studies. We observed that Anti-N response starts earlier than Anti-S1/S2 response but also decreases earlier, affecting the sensitivity of the tests at different time points. Combining two different assays, designed against different antigens, could reduce false negative results. Finally, we observed a patient who produced anti-nucleocapsid IgG, but not anti-spike IgG. In conclusion, we investigated antibody responses in Covid-19 disease, aiming to direct clinicians and laboratory scientists to correctly interpret serologic results by always paying attention to clinical history correlation, timing of sampling, methods and antigens used, to avoid false negative results and obtain relevant epidemiologic data.
New roles of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors in cardiovascular disease: translational and sex-specific effects (2018)

Recent advances in the field of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and its ligand aldosterone expanded the role of this hormone and its receptor far beyond their initial function as a regulator of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> homeostasis in epithelial cells. The symposium "New Roles of Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease: Translational and Sex-Specific Effects" presented at the 38th World Congress of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) highlighted the contribution of extrarenal MRs to cardiovascular disease. This symposium showcased how MRs expressed in endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, and immune cells plays a critical role in the development of vascular disease associated with aging, obesity, and chronic aldosterone stimulation and demonstrated that MR antagonism prevents the acute renal dysfunction and tubular injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. It was also shown that the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a new direct regulator of aldosterone secretion and that leptin-mediated aldosterone production is a major contributor to obesity-associated hypertension in women. Sex differences in the role of aldosterone and of endothelial MR in the cardiovascular outcomes of obesity were highlighted. This review summarizes these important emerging concepts regarding the contribution of aldosterone and cell-specific MR to cardiovascular disease in male and female subjects and further supports sex-specific benefits of MR antagonist drugs to be tested in additional populations.
Ethylatropine Bromide as a Peripherally Restricted Muscarinic Antagonist (2017)

Quaternary ammonium analogues of atropine that are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier are used to alleviate peripheral muscarinic toxicity in animal models of epilepsy produced by systemic administration of pilocarpine or diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Currently, methylatropine is the most popular and potent of these quaternary derivatives; however, it is expensive and produced in limited quantity. Here, we propose the use of ethylatropine bromide as an alternative to methylatropine. The synthesis of ethylatropine bromide is simple, inexpensive and has low environmental impact. We demonstrate the efficacy of ethylatropine bromide to antagonize the carbachol induced rise in intracellular calcium in a calcium mobilization assay, and its ability to prevent pilocarpine-induced total fluid secretions in mice without blocking pilocarpine-induced seizures. The ease of synthesis, cost effectiveness, and efficacy makes ethylatropine bromide a desirable alternative to methylatropine as a peripherally restricted acetylcholine receptor antagonist.