gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction of Selected Steroid Hormone Residues in Commercial Raw Milk Followed by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2021)

Hormones in edible matrices, such as milk, are a subject of concern because of their adverse effects on the endocrine system and cell signaling and the consequent disruption of homeostasis in human consumers. Therefore, the assessment of the presence of hormones in milk as potential endocrine-disrupting compounds is warranted. However, the complexity of milk as a sample matrix and the ultra-low concentration of hormones pose significant analytical challenges. Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique for the extraction of emerging pollutants from complex aqueous matrices. FPSE allows for substantially simplified sample handling and short extraction and desorption times, as well as the decreased use of organic solvents. It is considered a green alternative to traditional extraction methodologies. In this work, the FPSE technique was evaluated to perform the simultaneous extraction of 15 steroid hormones from raw milk without employing any sample pretreatment steps. Clean and preconcentrated hormone solutions obtained from FPSE of raw milk were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to achieve low detection limits, which ranged from 0.047 to 1.242 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>. Because of the presence of many interferents in milk, such as proteins, lipids, and sugar, the effect of fat content on the extraction procedure was also thoroughly studied. Additionally, for the first time, the effect of lactose on the extraction of steroid hormones was evaluated, and the results showed that the extraction efficiencies were enhanced in lactose-free samples. Finally, the optimized methodology was applied to commercial samples of cow and goat milk, and no measurable concentrations of the studied hormones were detected in these samples.
Abstract 4539: NMS-P862, a novel orally available selective small molecule Cdc7 inhibitor with antitumor efficacy in breast cancer (2014)

Abstract Cdc7 is an essential serine/threonine protein kinase that licenses initiation of DNA synthesis at replication origins, promotes cell cycle checkpoint activation in response to replication stress and is involved in additional aspects of DNA metabolism, including repair mechanisms. Cdc7 is therefore a potential target for cancer therapy, with a distinct mechanism of action from known drugs that inhibit DNA replication. Overexpression of Cdc7 is found in various types of cancer, suggesting that its deregulated activity may promote survival of cancer cells, as well as tumor progression. In particular, its overexpression in breast cancer is linked to triple negative, HER2 positive subtypes, genomic instability, arrested tumor differentiation and enhanced survival. Depletion through RNA silencing, or inhibition of the kinase activity of Cdc7 induces S-phase arrest and apoptosis in cancer cell lines, while non-transformed epithelial cells arrest in G1, remain viable, and are able to resume cell proliferation on recovery of Cdc7 activity. We have previously reported the identification of NMS-P354, an orally bioavailable Cdc7 inhibitor which promotes tumor growth inhibition in preclinical cancer models and was very helpful in validating Cdc7 as potential target. Here, we describe the characterization of NMS-P862, a follow -on, novel, potent (IC50: 9 nM) and more selective Cdc7 inhibitor. Profiling of anti-proliferative activity against more than one hundred human tumor cell lines indicated relatively high activity (IC50&amp;lt; 0.5 μM) against triple negative or HER2 positive/double negative breast cancer lines, as well as against prostate cancer cell lines. In vivo, oral administration of NMS-P862 resulted in dose-dependent antitumor activity, including for example tumor regression in a carcinogen (7,12-dimethylbenz[α]antracene) induced rat breast cancer model, for which we observed 9/12 objective responses, assessed as per RECIST criteria. A favorable ADME profile with high oral bioavailability, together with permissive therapeutic safety margins in test species at efficacious exposures, indicate that NMS-P862 is suitable for further development, affording the possibility to target cancer via a novel mechanism which we believe is suited to both single agent and opportune drug combination approaches. Citation Format: Alessia Montagnoli, Maria Menichincheri, Nadia Amboldi, Dario Ballinari, Marina Ciomei, Francesco Fiorentini, Rosita Lupi, Daniele Pezzetta, Sonia Rainoldi, Daniele Pezzetta, Eduard Felder, Antonella Isacchi, Enrico Pesenti, Arturo Galvani. NMS-P862, a novel orally available selective small molecule Cdc7 inhibitor with antitumor efficacy in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4539. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4539
Revealing Trap States in Lead Sulphide Colloidal Quantum Dots by Photoinduced Absorption Spectroscopy (2017)

Abstract Due to their large surface to volume ratio, colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are often considered to exhibit a significant amount of surface defects. Such defects are one possible source for the formation of in‐gap states (IGS), which can enhance the recombination of excited carriers, i.e., work as electrical traps. These traps are investigated for lead sulphide CQDs of different size, covered with different ligands using a mid‐infrared photoinduced absorption (PIA) technique. The obtained PIA spectra reveal two distinct absorption bands, whose position depends on the particle size, i.e., the electronic confinement in the CQDs. Smaller particles exhibit deeper traps. The chemical nature of the capping ligand does not affect the resulting position other than due to its change in confinement, but better passivating species lead to smaller signals. Furthermore, ligand specific narrow lines observed are superimposed on the broad electronic background of the PIA spectra, which is attributed to Fano resonances caused by the interplay of the narrow molecular vibrations and the continuum of trap states. Mid‐infrared photoinduced absorption represents a valuable tool to unravel distributions of IGS in CQDs and allows for an assessment of the quality of ligand exchanged films. These findings have implications for understanding the performances of CQD‐based (opto‐) electronic devices, such as solar cells, transistors, or quantum dot light emitting diodes, which are limited by frequent carrier trapping events.
Rücktitelbild: Cycloparaphenylene‐Based Ionic Donor–Acceptor Supramolecule: Isolation and Characterization of Li<sup>+</sup>@C<sub>60</sub>⊂[10]CPP (Angew. Chem. 12/2015) (2015)

Ein starker Ladungstransfer …︁ …︁ zwischen [10]Cycloparaphenylen (CPP) und Li+@C60 im ersten CPP-basierten ionischen Donor-Akzeptor-Supramolekül Li+@C60⊂[10]CPP⋅X− wurde mithilfe elektrochemischer Messungen und spektroskopischer Analysen bestätigt. K. Itami et al. zeigen in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3778 ff., dass die positive Ladung des Li+-Ions nicht nur über den Fullerenkäfig, sondern auch weiter über den äußeren CPP-Ring delokalisiert ist. Damit ist die Gesamtverbindung ein wohlstrukturiertes supramolekulares Kation.
Editorial commentary on ‘High frequency of poor locomotor performance in HIV-infected patients’ (2011)

Motor function deficits, particularly those related to locomotion, are an often seen feature of symptomatic HIV infection. Yet Richert et al. [1] are correct in noting that such deficits have not typically been conceptualized as independent entities, but rather in the context of other manifestations of HIV-associated morbidities. Although the articles they cite to establish their point were all published in the last 6 years, this is really an old story. Thus, for example, the original descriptions of the ‘AIDS dementia complex’ in the 1980s regarded deficits in gait and other motor function activities as defining characteristics of the disorder [2,3]. In the state of affairs I have described, Richert et al. make two contributions. First, they furnish evidence that locomotion deficits are probably quite prevalent in the HIV-infected patient population. Using a conservative cutoff score on the five times sit-to-stand (5STS) test, they found that 39% of their patients had probable locomotion deficits. Thus, their findings suggest that locomotion deficits could be at least as common as neurocognitive disorders in which current estimates of prevalence range from around 30 to 40% [4]. The authors' second contribution is to furnish preliminary evidence that the 5STS test is a reasonable clinical tool for the screening of HIV patients' risks for falls and perhaps other morbidities arising from muscular weakness. Other available measures are not appropriate for routine screening, either because they require specialized apparatus (e.g. computerized dynamic posturography) or because they require highly trained doctoral level personnel (e.g. the HIV-Dementia Motor Scale developed to assess motor function in context of HIV-associated cognitive impairments) [5]. By contrast, the 5STS requires no special equipment and can be readily administered by personnel with minimal training. As the HIV-infected population ages, the clinical necessity for a screening test such as the 5STS will dramatically increase. The results of the present study point to two areas for future inquiry. The first is to establish whether the 5STS test really has significant predictive validity for falls and other morbidities arising from HIV-associated muscle weakness. The second is to investigate the mechanism underlying the interaction between BMI and age on the 5STS. The mechanism the authors sketch out is plausible, but as they readily admit there is currently no data to support it. Thus, I agree with their suggestion that a prospective follow-up study could usefully address this issue.
Thermal desorption spectroscopy of high fluence irradiated ultrafine and nanocrystalline tungsten: helium trapping and desorption correlated with morphology (2017)

Here, microstructural changes due to displacement damage and helium desorption are two phenomena that occur in tungsten plasma facing materials in fusion reactors. Nanocrystalline metals are being investigated as radiation tolerant materials that can mitigate these microstructural changes and better trap helium along their grain boundaries. Here, we investigate the performance of three tungsten grades (nanocrystalline, ultrafine and ITER grade tungsten), exposed to a high fluence of 4 keV helium at both RT and 773 K, during a thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) experiment. An investigation of the microstructure in pre-and post-TDS sample sets was performed. The amount of desorbed helium was shown to be highest in the ITER grade tungsten and lowest in the nanocrystalline tungsten. Correlating the desorption spectra and the microstructure (grain boundaries decorated with nanopores and crack formation) and comparing with previous literature on coarse grained tungsten samples at similar irradiation and TDS conditions, revealed the importance of grain boundaries in trapping helium and limiting helium desorption up to a high temperature of 1350 K in agreement with transmission electron microscopy studies on helium irradiated tungsten which showed preferential and large facetted bubble formation along the grain boundaries in the nanocrystalline tungsten grade.
Physical properties of diamond for thermistors and pressure transducers (2003)

The semiconducting and mechanical properties of diamond thin films have been investigated in the context of thermistors and pressure transducers for high-temperature environments. This paper considers the conduction mechanisms which contribute to the temperature coefficient of resistance of boron-doped diamond. The influence of temperature on the Young's modulus of diamond films is discussed with respect to microstructure and the limits imposed by high-temperature oxidation.
Monitoring integrity and localization of modified single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides using ultrasensitive fluorescence methods (2017)

Short single-stranded oligonucleotides represent a class of promising therapeutics with diverse application areas. Antisense oligonucleotides, for example, can interfere with various processes involved in mRNA processing through complementary base pairing. Also RNA interference can be regulated by antagomirs, single-stranded siRNA and single-stranded microRNA mimics. The increased susceptibility to nucleolytic degradation of unpaired RNAs can be counteracted by chemical modification of the sugar phosphate backbone. In order to understand the dynamics of such single-stranded RNAs, we investigated their fate after exposure to cellular environment by several fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. First, we elucidated the degradation of four differently modified, dual-dye labeled short RNA oligonucleotides in HeLa cell extracts by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer. We observed that the integrity of the oligonucleotide sequence correlates with the extent of chemical modifications. Furthermore, the data showed that nucleolytic degradation can only be distinguished from unspecific effects like aggregation, association with cellular proteins, or intramolecular dynamics when considering multiple measurement and analysis approaches. We also investigated the localization and integrity of the four modified oligonucleotides in cultured HeLa cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. No intracellular accumulation could be observed for unmodified oligonucleotides, while completely stabilized oligonucleotides showed strong accumulation within HeLa cells with no changes in fluorescence lifetime over 24 h. The integrity and accumulation of partly modified oligonucleotides was in accordance with their extent of modification. In highly fluorescent cells, the oligonucleotides were transported to the nucleus. The lifetime of the RNA in the cells could be explained by a balance between release of the oligonucleotides from endosomes, degradation by RNases and subsequent depletion from the cells.
A Bottom‐Up Approach toward All‐Solution‐Processed High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)S<sub>2</sub> Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting (2016)

The development of solution‐processable routes to prepare efficient photoelectrodes for water splitting is highly desirable to reduce manufacturing costs. Recently, sulfide chalcopyrites (Cu(In,Ga)S 2 ) have attracted attention as photocathodes for hydrogen evolution owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and their band gap—wider than their selenide counterparts—which can potentially increase the attainable photovoltage. A straightforward and all‐solution‐processable approach for the fabrication of highly efficient photocathodes based on Cu(In,Ga)S 2 is reported for the first time. It is demonstrated that semiconductor nanocrystals can be successfully employed as building blocks to prepare phase‐pure microcrystalline thin films by incorporating different additives (Sb, Bi, Mg) that promote the coalescence of the nanocrystals during annealing. Importantly, the grain size is directly correlated to improved charge transport for Sb and Bi additives, but it is shown that secondary effects can be detrimental to performance even with large grains (for Mg). For optimized electrodes, the sequential deposition of thin layers of n‐type CdS and TiO 2 by solution‐based methods, and platinum as an electrocatalyst, leads to stable photocurrents saturating at 8.0 mA cm –2 and onsetting at ≈0.6 V versus RHE under AM 1.5G illumination for CuInS 2 films. Electrodes prepared by our method rival the state‐of‐the‐art performance for these materials.
Real‐time multi‐window stereo matching algorithm with fuzzy logic (2021)

Abstract Stereo matching obtains a depth map called a disparity map that indicates or shows the positions of the objects in a scene. To estimate a disparity map, the most popular trend consists of comparing two images (left‐right) from two different points from the same scene. Unfortunately, small window sizes are suitable to preserve the edges, while large window sizes are required in homogeneous areas. To solve this problem, in this article, a novel real‐time stereo matching algorithm embedded in an FPGA is proposed. The approach consists of estimating disparity maps with different window sizes by using the sum of absolute differences (SAD) as a local correlation metric. Once the disparity maps are obtained, the left‐right consistency for each window size is computed. At the end of this stage, the centre pixel deviation is estimated through a 5 × 5 window and the Sobel gradient is extracted from the left image. Finally, both parameters are processed by a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), which combines the calculated disparities and generates a final disparity map. An architecture embedded in FPGA is established and hardware acceleration strategies are discussed. Experimental results demonstrated that this algorithmic formulation provides promising results compared with the current state of the art.
Triggering of cardiovascular hospitalization by short-term increases in PM2.5 in New York adults: changes following Tier 3 vehicle introduction (2022)

BACKGROUND and AIM: Previously, increased hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) were associated with PM2.5 concentrations in New York State (NYS) adults from 2005-2016, with higher rates after air quality policies and a recession reduced PM2.5 concentrations (2014-2016), suggesting PM had become more toxic. Following introduction of Tier 3 light duty vehicles in 2017, which should produce less secondary organic carbon than previous vehicles likely making PM less toxic, we hypothesized that there would be a lower relative rate in 2017-2019 than 2014-2016. METHODS: From the SPARCS database (∼95% of hospital admissions in NYS), we included hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of CVD from 2014-2019 to adults living within 15 miles of PM2.5 monitoring stations in Buffalo, Rochester, Albany, Bronx, Queens, and Manhattan. Using daily PM2.5 concentrations from these sites, a case-crossover design, and conditional-logistic regression, we separately estimated the rate of CVD hospitalizations associated with increased PM2.5 concentrations in 2014-2016 and 2017-2019. RESULTS: Interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM2.5 were associated with increased excess rates of ischemic heart disease hospitalizations in 2014-2016 (lag days 0-3: 2.0%, 95% CI = 0.9%, 3.2%), but not 2017-2019 (-0.8%, 95% CI = -2.3%, 0.6%). However, IQR increases in PM2.5 were associated with larger excess rates of heart failure hospitalizations in 2017-2019 (lag day 0: 4.4%; 95% CI = 1.3%, 7.7%) than 2014-2016 (1.1%; 95% CI = -0.1%, 2.2%), with a similar pattern for hypertension hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find consistent differences in rates of cause-specific CVD hospitalizations associated with increased PM2.5 concentrations in the previous 1-7 days in NYS adults, before and after Tier 3 vehicles were introduced. However, there may need to be more time for more Tier 3 vehicles to be in the vehicle fleet, and for greater retirement of the older more polluting vehicles. KEYWORDS: cardiovascular hospitalizations, air pollution, case-crossover
Speech enhancement using a modified Kalman filter based on complex linear prediction and supergaussian priors (2008)

This paper presents a modified Kalman filter operating in the frequency domain for single channel speech enhancement. The proposed scheme uses a two step approach. In the first step, information from previous, enhanced speech DFT coefficients is exploited to perform an estimation of the current speech coefficients. Investigations show that the highest prediction gain is achieved by modeling the temporal trajectory of the speech DFT coefficients as a complex autoregressive (AR) process. In the second step, the first prediction is updated using three alternative spectral estimators, including the conventional Kalman filter gain. Instrumental measurements show the improvement of the proposed scheme compared to purely statistical weighting rules.
ChemInform Abstract: CONJUGATE ADDITION OF ENOLATE ANIONS TO VINYLCARBENE COMPLEXES (1977)

Abstract Das Li‐enolat (II) von Cyclopentanon und das K‐enolat (IV) von Isobutyrophenon addieren sich konjunktiv an die Cr‐carben‐Komplexe (III) unter Bildung der neuen Carben‐Komplexe (I) bzw. (V).
Physiologic manifestations of human anaphylaxis. (1980)

In the course of a controlled study to evaluate different forms of immunotherapy for subjects with insect-sting hypersensitivity, we observed 11 subjects who had systemic cutaneous urticarial reactions and 3 subjects who experienced systemic anaphylaxis. With the exception of tachycardia, there were no cardiopulmonary changes in the subjects with urticaria, whereas the major manifestation of anaphylactic shock in the other three subjects was severe hypotension that was probably secondary to peripheral vasodilation. Significant abnormalities in gas exchange developed in two subjects. In one, bronchospasm precipitated a respiratory arrest followed by endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation. Although plasma histamine levels were not related to the development of cutaneous reactions, the plasma histamine levels correlated with the severity and duration of the cardiopulmonary changes observed during anaphylactic shock. The two subjects with the most severe shock showed evidence of intravascular coagulation characterized by a diminution of Factor V, Factor VIII, fibrinogen, and high molecular weight kininogen, as well as changes in components of the complement system. Standard therapy with epinephrine and fluids, usually recommended for the treatment of systemic anaphylaxis, did not immediately reverse either the hemodynamic or the respiratory abnormalities in the two subjects with the most severe anaphylactic shock. Hemodynamic recovery was gradual and did not seem directly related to any specific therapeutic intervention.
Patterns of differential gene expression in a cellular model of human islet development, and relationship to type 2 diabetes predisposition (2018)

Sequence data for this study has been deposited at the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), under accession number EGAS00001002721.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING-GUIDED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND FOR THERMAL ABLATION IN THE BRAIN (2007)

MRI-guided focused ultrasound proved a precise and an effective means to destroy anatomically predefined brain targets by thermocoagulation with minimal associated edema or damage to adjacent structures. Contrast-enhanced T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted MRI scans may be used for real-time assessment of tissue destruction.
FL Games: A Federated Learning Framework for Distribution Shifts (2022)

Federated learning aims to train predictive models for data that is distributed across clients, under the orchestration of a server. However, participating clients typically each hold data from a different distribution, which can yield to catastrophic generalization on data from a different client, which represents a new domain. In this work, we argue that in order to generalize better across non-i.i.d. clients, it is imperative to only learn correlations that are stable and invariant across domains. We propose FL GAMES, a game-theoretic framework for federated learning that learns causal features that are invariant across clients. While training to achieve the Nash equilibrium, the traditional best response strategy suffers from high-frequency oscillations. We demonstrate that FL GAMES effectively resolves this challenge and exhibits smooth performance curves. Further, FL GAMES scales well in the number of clients, requires significantly fewer communication rounds, and is agnostic to device heterogeneity. Through empirical evaluation, we demonstrate that FL GAMES achieves high out-of-distribution performance on various benchmarks.