gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dosimetry Along Transverse Axis Of HDR IR Source In Liquid Water Using High Sensitivity Radiochromic Film (2003)

Brachytherapy is the clinical use of small encapsulated radioactive sources at a short distance from the target volume for irradiation of malignant/benign tumours. In the past few decades high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy has been developed as an alternative to low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy. AAPM TG 43 has recommended a new protocol for dosimetry of brachytherapy sources. As per the recommended formalism, the dose to a point can be calculated from the numerical values of measurable parameters, dose rate constant, A, radial dose function, g(r), and anisotropy function, F(r,0). It has also been recommended that for the specification of the dose rate constant as well as relative dose distribution parameters liquid water be accepted as reference medium. So far, measurements of recommended dosimetry parameters of HDR192Ir sources have been reported in solid phantom materials only. We have carried out the experimental measurements of dose rate constant and radial dose function for microselectron HDR 192Ir source (dia. 1.1 mm and length 5.0 mm) in a specially designed and locally fabricated water phantom using single sensitive layer radiochromic film (Gafchromic HS). The relative depth dose (RDD) for the microselectron HDR 192Ir source was also measured using radiochromic film in water phantom to verify the RDD calculated using the brachytherapy treatment planning system (TPS). The experimentally measured values of A and g(r) for microselectron HDR192ir source are found to be in good agreement to the experimental and Monte Carlo calculated values reported in the literature for the same source within the uncertainty of measurement. The measured and TPS calculated values of RDD are also in excellent agreement to each other. This experimental study, therefore, demonstrates the suitability of radiochromic film for dosimetry of HDR 1921r source is in liquid water.
Major role of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels in Ca(2+)-induced calcitonin secretion (1993)

Endocrine cells are known to possess multiple types of Ca2+ channels. In neurons, omega-conotoxin-sensitive N-type Ca2+ channels have been shown to play a dominant role in neurotransmitter release, but uncertainty remains about the types of Ca2+ channels involved in stimulus-secretion coupling in endocrine cells. We investigated the relative contribution of 1,4-dihydropyridine-sensitive and omega-conotoxin-sensitive Ca2+ channels to Ca(2+)-induced calcitonin release in parafollicular cells of the thyroid (C cells). In whole cell voltage-clamp experiments, both 1,4-dihydropyridine-sensitive and omega-conotoxin-sensitive Ca2+ channel currents were identified. The dihydropyridine isradipine (1 microM) but not omega-conotoxin (1 microM) inhibited the steady-state Ca2+ influx at physiological membrane potentials, the spontaneous electrical activity, and calcitonin secretion (at 2-h incubations). Moreover, suppression of the spontaneous electrical activity by the Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin did not affect calcitonin release. We conclude that 1,4-dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels play a major role in Ca(2+)-dependent calcitonin release and that calcitonin secretion due to Ca2+ influx proceeds even in the absence of action potentials.
A high-power and high-efficiency photodiode with an evanescently coupled graded-index waveguide for 40 Gb/s applications (2001)

High-power evanescently coupled pin photodiodes with external efficiencies of as high as 0.96 A/W, enabled by the graded index configuration of the waveguide, have been developed for 40 Gb/s applications.
High-power broad-band superluminescent diode using selective area growth at 1.5-&amp;#x003BC;m wavelength (2007)

Superluminescent diode with selectively grown multi-quantum-well layer was demonstrated. This light source consists of angled facet single-mode waveguide with a rear absorption region. High output power(77-mW), wide spectral bandwidth(71-nm FWHM), and a very small spectral modulation (0.7-dB) were achieved with a short absorption region length.
sCMOS detector for imaging VNIR spectrometry (2013)

The facility Optical Information Systems (OS) at the Robotics and Mechatronics Center of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) has more than 30 years of experience with high-resolution imaging technology. This paper shows the scientific results of the institute of leading edge instruments and focal plane designs for EnMAP VIS/NIR spectrograph. EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program) is one of the selected proposals for the national German Space Program. The EnMAP project includes the technological design of the hyper spectral space borne instrument and the algorithms development of the classification. The EnMAP project is a joint response of German Earth observation research institutions, value-added resellers and the German space industry like Kayser-Threde GmbH (KT) and others to the increasing demand on information about the status of our environment. The Geo Forschungs Zentrum (GFZ) Potsdam is the Principal Investigator of EnMAP. DLR OS and KT were driving the technology of new detectors and the FPA design for this project, new manufacturing accuracy and on-chip processing capability in order to keep pace with the ambitious scientific and user requirements. In combination with the engineering research, the current generations of space borne sensor systems are focusing on VIS/NIR high spectral resolution to meet the requirements on earth and planetary observation systems. The combination of large swath and high spectral resolution with intelligent synchronization control, fast-readout ADC chains and new focal-plane concepts open the door to new remote-sensing and smart deep space instruments. The paper gives an overview over the detector verification program at DLR on FPA level, new control possibilities for sCMOS detectors in global shutter mode and key parameters like PRNU, DSNU, MTF, SNR, Linearity, Spectral Response, Quantum Efficiency, Flatness and Radiation Tolerance will be discussed in detail.
A Parametric Waveform Synthesizer for Attosecond Science (2019)

We present HHG driven with a sub-cycle, mJ-level parametric waveform synthesizer. The variation of the HHG spectral shape and yield as a function of the relative phase between the synthesizer channels is shown. Photoelectron streaking measurements demonstrate attosecond pulse generation with a duration of ~112 attoseconds.
STEREOSELECTIVE AND STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF 2-ALKYLIDENE-3-METHYLENE SUCCINIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTERS (2002)

ABSTRACT 1-Alkyl-2,3-dimethoxycarbonyl-1,3-butadienes 4 were synthesized via two different routes. In the first route, the Wittig-Horner reaction of the readily available phosphonate 2 with various aldehydes yielded the corresponding 1,3-dienes 4 with a good E stereoselectivity. The second route, using α-(bromomethyl) fumarate 1 under basic conditions, provides stereospecifically pure (E)-1,3-dienes 4. STEREOSELECTIVE AND STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF 2-ALKYLIDENE-3-METHYLENE SUCCINIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTERSAll authorsF. Béji, J. Lebreton, J. Villiéras & H. Amrihttps://doi.org/10.1081/SCC-120014031Published online:16 August 2006 Scheme 1. Display full size Scheme 1.
PII-65Carbamazepine pharmacokinetics following simultaneous administration of an oral dose and a stable-labeled injection (2006)

BACKGROUND Carbamazepine (CBZ) is among the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drugs. There are no reports describing the absolute bioavailability, distribution volume, and half life of CBZ in patients at steady state. We have developed an investigational, intravenous, stable-labeled (SL) CBZ formulation in order to rigorously characterize steady-state CBZ pharmacokinetics without interrupting therapy. METHODS Patients were given a single 100 mg IV infusion of SL-CBZ as part of their morning dose. The remainder of the dose was given orally. Blood samples were collected just prior to and up to 96 hours after drug administration. CBZ and SL-CBZ were measured in plasma using LC-MS. Concentration-time data were analyzed using a noncompartmental approach with WinNonLin 4.0. RESULTS Data for 56 patients (25 F, 31 M; 19–82 yrs; daily dose range: 200–2400mg, formulations included immediate and extended release preparations) were analyzed. Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean±sd) are: bioavailability = 0.77±.21, distribution volume = 1.36±0.37 L/kg, clearance = 0.04±.01 L/hr/kg, and elimination half-life = 23.9±7.4 hrs. CONCLUSION Among the subjects, CBZ bioavailability and distribution volume vary as much as twofold. Elimination half life is approximately one day and appears to be longer than previous estimates. Further analysis of the data will permit a comprehensive characterization of the effects of age, gender, and genotype on steady-state CBZ PK in patients. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P53–P53; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.190
Genetic Arrhythmias (Channelopathies) (2015)

‘Genetic arrhythmias' or ‘channelopathies' (long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) are inheritable disorders caused by mutations in genes coding for channel proteins that regulate the electrical function of the heart. These mutations favor the onset of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias either by altering the balance of ionic currents in the cardiac action potential or by impairing the process of electromechanical coupling in cardiomyocytes. Channelopathies are lethal disorders, accounting for about one quarter of sudden cardiac deaths in young individuals with a morphologically ‘normal' autopsy. Every time a channelopathy is identified in a patient, other individuals in his/her family might be at risk of cardiac events. If a timely diagnosis is made, however, simple and efficacious preventative measures may be applied. Genetic studies play a pivotal role in the diagnosis of channelopathies and may help in the management of patients and their relatives.
High-depth-resolution Rutherford backscattering data and error analysis of SiGe systems using the simulated annealing and Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms (1999)

The thickness and composition of SiGe/Si quantum wells has been studied by high-depth-resolution Rutherford backscattering (RBS) analysis. While a depth resolution at the surface of 8 nm is achieved, the degradation of resolution with depth must be taken into account for a correct analysis of the data. Fully automated analysis incorporating the depth resolution as a function of depth was performed using the simulated annealing algorithm. Bayesian inference using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method was also employed, and confidence limits on the SiGe depth profiles obtained from the RBS data are established. The results obtained are used to show that the interface sharpness in SiGe/Si multilayers depends on the temperature of growth. Finally, it is shown that standard RBS using a normal angle of incidence is sufficient to obtain narrow limits of confidence in the thickness and stoichiometry of single quantum wells, but not of multiple quantum wells, for which high-depth-resolution experiments are necessary.
New deletion in LAMP2 causing familial Danon disease. Effect of the X-chromosome inactivation (2022)

Danon disease (DD), a rare X-linked genetic illness with a poor prognosis, is caused by a mutation in the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 gene (LAMP2). Three main clinical features of this pathology are cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and mental retardation. Most Danon disease mutations create premature stop codons resulting in the decrease or absence of LAMP2 protein.
Unraveling the mystery of the hygiene hypothesis through Helicobacter pylori infection (2012)

Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of allergic asthma. This association is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis, which posits that exposure to microbes early in life prevents the later development of allergic diseases, and has been reproduced in mouse models of asthma. In this issue of the JCI, Oertli and colleagues report that H. pylori infection in neonates elicits tolerogenic DCs that produce IL-18, which drive the generation of Tregs that subsequently protect the mice from allergic asthma. This finding strengthens the intriguing link between pathogen exposure and allergic disease.
&lt;b&gt;The role of tetraspanin CD9 in osteoarthritis using three different mouse &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;models &lt;/b&gt; (2016)

Although osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent aging-related joint disease, the understanding of mechanisms of OA pathogenesis remains limited. Key features include the progressive degradation of articular cartilage, synovial hyperplasia, and angiogenesis in joint tissues. CD9, a member of the tetraspanin family, is localized in the cell membranes and partly in the endosomes of all mammalian cell types. CD9 is associated with inflammation and angiogenesis through cell adhesion, migration, and signal transduction. This study examined the role of CD9 in OA development in three different mouse models: an aging model, a surgical model and antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model, using CD9 deficient mice. Our study showed that CD9 deficiency reduced the severity of hallmarks of OA including cartilage degradation and soft tissue inflammation in aged mice. In the AIA model, cartilage damage and inflammation were also reduced in CD9<sup>-/-</sup> mice. This was in contrast to the surgical OA model where disease severity was similar in wild-type and CD9<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Col2a1 and Aggrecan expression was increased in chondrocytes of CD9<sup>-/-</sup> mice compared with those of wild-type mice. Our results indicate that the suppression of cartilage degradation in CD9<sup>-/-</sup> could be in part related to an increase in the expression of the two main cartilage extracellular matrix proteins aggrecan and type II collagen.
A self-powered 2-dimensional motion detection chip (2014)

We demonstrate a self-powered chip to detect motion which enables constant, non-invasive monitoring. The chip was implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. A P-N junction photodiode array was fabricated in the chip to detect when light is blocked by the movement of a hand or finger. The interface circuit detects the change between the shadowing and the exposure to determine the specific movement. This entire chip operates without any off-chip power supply and provides digitized outputs including 1 bit direction output and an 8 bits output indicative of the velocity in two dimensions.
Primary sensorimotor cortex exhibits complex dependencies of spike-field coherence on neuronal firing rates, field power, and behavior (2018)

Spike-field coherence (SFC) is widely used to assess cortico-cortical interactions during sensorimotor behavioral tasks by measuring the consistency of the relative phases between the spike train of a neuron and the concurrent local field potentials (LFPs). Interpretations of SFC as a measure of functional connectivity are complicated by theoretical work suggesting that estimates of SFC depend on overall neuronal activity. We evaluated the dependence of SFC on neuronal firing rates, LFP power, and behavior in the primary motor (MIo) and primary somatosensory (SIo) areas of the orofacial sensorimotor cortex of monkeys ( Macaca mulatta) during performance of a tongue-protrusion task. Although we occasionally observed monotonically increasing linear relationships between coherence and firing rate, we most often found highly complex, nonmonotonic relationships in both SIo and MIo and sometimes even found that coherence decreased with increasing firing rate. The lack of linear relationships was also true for both LFP power and tongue-protrusive force. Moreover, the ratio between maximal firing rate and the firing rate at peak coherence deviated significantly from unity, indicating that MIo and SIo neurons achieved maximal SFC at a submaximal level of spiking. Overall, these results point to complex relationships of SFC to firing rates, LFP power, and behavior during sensorimotor cortico-cortical interactions: coherence is a measure of functional connectivity whose magnitude is not a mere monotonic reflection of changes in firing rate, LFP power, or the relevantly controlled behavioral parameter. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The concern that estimates of spike-field coherence depend on the firing rates of single neurons has influenced analytical methods employed by experimental studies investigating the functional interactions between cortical areas. Our study shows that the overwhelming majority of the estimated spike-field coherence exhibited complex relations with firing rates of neurons in the orofacial sensorimotor cortex. The lack of monotonic relations was also evident after testing the influence of local field potential power and force on spike-field coherence.
Tris-Benzamide Analogs for Inhibiting Bcl-2 Proteins in Prostate Cancer (2015)

Apoptosis is an important cellular mechanism for tissue homeostasis and aberration in the process is well documented in cancers including castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) [1]. Since it is regulated by heterodimerization of Bcl-2 family proteins, disrupting such protein complexes is attractive for therapeutic intervention. Structural studies revealed that the helical BH3 domain of pro-apoptosis proteins including Bak binds to a hydrophobic pocket in anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-xL [2,3]. To mimic helical BH3 domain, we have reported the synthesis and biological activity of tris-benzamides which can place three functional groups corresponding to the side chains found at the i, i+4, and i+7 positions in an α-helix [4,5]. To improve the activity of tris-benzamides, we have modified them by introducing additional side chain group at either end of molecules or changing one of side chain group. This library of tris-benzamide analogs as BH3 peptidomimetics was then examined for their binding affinity to anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL protein, inhibition of cell proliferation of various prostate cancer cell lines, mechanism of action, and in vivo efficacy. We have identified several leading compounds that showed strong binding affinity as well as high metabolic stability and cell permeation. These compounds were found to be effective in inhibiting cell growth of several prostate cancer cell lines and provided evidence of inducing apoptosis. These results show a potential of BH3 mimetics in treating prostate cancer.
Free‐radical‐promoted cationic photopolymerization under visible light in aerated media: New and highly efficient silane‐containing initiating systems (2008)

Abstract New systems for the visible‐light‐induced polymerization of cationic resins working through a free‐radical‐promoted process are presented. They are based on a photoinitiator (camphorquinone, isopropylthioxanthone, Eosin), a silane, and a diphenyl iodonium salt, the new compound being the silane. The overall efficiency is strongly affected by the silane structure. The rates of polymerization and final percent conversion are noticeably higher than those obtained in the presence of already studied reference systems. Moreover, contrary to previously investigated free‐radical‐promoted cationic polymerizations, oxygen does not inhibit the process and an unusual enhancement of the polymerization kinetics is found in aerated conditions: such an observation seems to have never been reported so far. The excited state processes and the role of oxygen as revealed by laser flash photolysis are discussed. The particular behavior of the silyl radicals is outlined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2008–2014, 2008
Biomechanical Analysis of a Disc Prosthesis Distal to a Scoliosis Model (2009)

This study has shown that using the FlexiCore system at 1 and/or 2 intervertebral disc spaces caudal to a scoliosis fusion model did not significantly change the sensor deflection at the 2 segments adjacent to a scoliosis fusion construct. Future research will continue to define the clinical setting and patients best suited for management by TDR systems.
Droplet-Based Microfluidic Temperature-Jump Platform for the Rapid Assessment of Biomolecular Kinetics (2022)

Protein folding, unfolding, and aggregation are important in a variety of biological processes and intimately linked to "protein misfolding diseases". The ability to perform experiments at different temperatures allows the extraction of important information regarding the kinetics and thermodynamics of such processes. Unfortunately, conventional stopped-flow methods are difficult to implement, generate limited information, and involve complex sample handling. To address this issue, we present a temperature-controlled droplet-based microfluidic platform that allows measurement of reaction kinetics on millisecond to second timescales and at temperatures between ambient and 90 °C. The utility of the microfluidic platform for measuring fast biomolecular kinetics at high temperatures is showcased through the investigation of the unfolding kinetics of haloalkane dehalogenases and the elongation of fibrils composed of the amyloid β peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease. In addition, a deep-ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence microscope was developed for the on-chip recording of protein intrinsic fluorescence spectrum originating from aromatic amino acid residues. We envision that the developed optofluidic platform will find wide applicability in the analysis of biological processes, such as protein refolding and phase separation.
Blockade of Serotonin 5-HT6 Receptor Constitutive Activity Alleviates Cognitive Deficits in a Preclinical Model of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (2021)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common inherited disorder caused by mutations of the NF1 gene that encodes the Ras-GTPase activating protein neurofibromin, leading to overactivation of Ras-dependent signaling pathways such as the mTOR pathway. It is often characterized by a broad range of cognitive symptoms that are currently untreated. The serotonin 5-HT6 receptor is a potentially relevant target in view of its ability to associate with neurofibromin and to engage the mTOR pathway to compromise cognition in several cognitive impairment paradigms. Here, we show that constitutively active 5-HT6 receptors contribute to increased mTOR activity in the brain of Nf1+/− mice, a preclinical model recapitulating some behavioral alterations of NF1. Correspondingly, peripheral administration of SB258585, a 5-HT6 receptor inverse agonist, or rapamycin, abolished deficits in long-term social and associative memories in Nf1+/− mice, whereas administration of CPPQ, a neutral antagonist, did not produce cognitive improvement. These results show a key influence of mTOR activation by constitutively active 5-HT6 receptors in NF1 cognitive symptoms. They provide a proof of concept that 5-HT6 receptor inverse agonists already in clinical development as symptomatic treatments to reduce cognitive decline in dementia and psychoses, might be repurposed as therapies alleviating cognitive deficits in NF1 patients.
The Influence of Flux on the Reliability of Solder-Sealed Hermetic Packages for Active Implantable Medical Devices (2013)

This paper discusses the influence of fluxing materials on the properties of lead-free solder seals on screenprinted metal thick films. Pull tests revealed a strong impact on the layer adhesion if an aggressive flux is used. A milder flux was able to improve the pull test results slightly. Investigations on the hermeticity demonstrated the difficulty of hermetic packaging with SnAg solder. None of the fluxes under test allowed the manufacturing of hermetic packages in the desired range of 10 -9 mbar l s -1 or lower. Consequently we came to the decision to use lead containing SnPb solder compounds until further investigations on the processing of lead-free materials are performed.