gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of N-(2-Phenyl-cyclopropyI)-Substituted Nucleoside Analogues (1997)

Abstract A novel class of nucleoside analogues containing adenine, hypoxanthine, thymine, uracil, thiouracil and cytosine as the heterocyclic moieties have been prepared starting from 2-phenylcyclopropylamine. These compounds showed weak antitumor activity. The resolution of the racemates on an analytical scale was performed by HPLC using chiral phases.
Strongly Nonlinear Superconducting Silicon Resonators (2022)

Superconducting boron-doped silicon is a promising material for integrated silicon quantum devices. In particular, its low electronic density and moderate disorder make it a suitable candidate for the fabrication of large inductances with low losses at microwave frequencies. We study experimentally the electrodynamics of superconducting silicon thin layers using coplanar waveguide resonators, focusing on the kinetic inductance, the internal losses, and the variation of these quantities with the resonator readout power. We report the observation in a doped semiconductor of microwave resonances with internal quality factors of a few thousand. As expected in the BCS framework, superconducting silicon presents a large sheet kinetic inductance in the 50--500-pH range, comparable to that of strongly disordered superconductors. The temperature dependence of the kinetic inductance is well described by the Mattis-Bardeen theory. However, we find an unexpectedly strong nonlinearity in the complex surface impedance that cannot be satisfactorily explained either by depairing or by quasiparticle heating.
Toward Developing a Preventive MERS-CoV Vaccine—Report from a Workshop Organized by the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health and the International Vaccine Institute, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, November 14–15, 2015 (2016)

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) remains a serious international public health threat. With the goal of accelerating the development of countermeasures against MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), funding agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and researchers across the world assembled in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on November 14-15, 2015, to discuss vaccine development challenges. The meeting was spearheaded by the Saudi Ministry of Health and co-organized by the International Vaccine Institute, South Korea. Accelerating the development of a preventive vaccine requires a better understanding of MERS epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis in humans and animals. A combination of rodent and nonhuman primate models should be considered in evaluating and developing preventive and therapeutic vaccine candidates. Dromedary camels should be considered for the development of veterinary vaccines. Several vaccine technology platforms targeting the MERS-CoV spike protein were discussed. Mechanisms to maximize investment, provide robust data, and affect public health are urgently needed.
Comparison of Different Drug Interference with the Renin-Angiotensin System (1985)

The hypotensive effects of inhibitors of renin or converting-enzyme (CE) were compared in normotensive sodium-depleted marmosets. Renin was inhibited by an antiserum or a monoclonal antibody against human kidney renin or by peptidic renin inhibitors. The fall in blood pressure after the administration of renin antibodies or inhibitors was accompanied by complete inhibition of plasma renin activity. Antiserum and monoclonal antibody induced a hypotensive response of similar magnitude as peptidic renin inhibitors but had a longer duration of action. Teprotide was used as a CE-inhibitor. Inhibition of renin or CE lowered blood pressure but did not affect heart rate. The magnitude of the hypotensive effect was comparable after renin- or CE-inhibition and depended on the pretreatment plasma renin activity. Inhibition of renin prevented the hypotensive response to inhibition of CE and vice versa. The results of these comparative studies suggest that, in states of sodium depletion, the acute hypotensive effects of renin- or CE-inhibitors are entirely due to their interference with the renin-angiotensin system.
Total Synthesis of Quinocarcin. (1994)

Quinocarcin (1) isolated from Streptomyces melanovinaceus in 1983, has been the subject of recent synthetic endeavors due to its unique pentacyclic structure and potent antitumor activity against various types of mammalian cancers. In this article, synthetic studies on 1 and its related compounds including three independent total syntheses of 1 are reviewed with particular focus on their strategies. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships of 1 are summarized, disclosing their novel aspects which might be useful for both elucidating the mode of action and developing more effective anticancer agents.
Perspectives of heterogeneous process intensification in microreactors (2012)

Recent developments in microreactor technology basing on different types of heterogeneous reaction systems: phase transfer catalysis, biocatalysis, and synthesis of nanoparticles are reviewed. Special attention is focused on the intensification of processes in microreactors compared with traditional approaches, which makes microtechnique of great interest for industry.
Diagnosis and Management of Osteopetrosis: Consensus Guidelines From the Osteopetrosis Working Group (2017)

Scarcity of published studies on osteopetrosis reduce the ability to develop evidence-based guidelines for the management of these patients. Expert opinion-based guidelines for this rare condition are nevertheless important to enable improved care.
A745. IN VIVO WEAR OF HIGHLY CROSS-LINKED POLYETHYLENE ACETABULAR CUP AGAINST ALUMINA CERAMIC HEAD BY RADIOGRAPHIC AND RETRIEVAL ANALYSIS (2011)

In total hip arthroplasty (THA), one of concerned issues is osteolysis due to wear debris of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) which often leads to aseptic loosening. Reduction of PE wear debris is essential to prevent osteolysis, and different bearing combination as well as improvement of the bearing material itself have been attempted. Hence alumina ceramics was introduced for THA, aiming to reduce PE wear debris. Ceramic on PE couple showed good results in clinical wear compared with metal on PE couples. Highly cross-linked PE (HXLPE) with gamma-ray or electron-beam irradiation followed by thermal treatment has also demonstrated a remarkably low wear in the previous in vitro studies. In in vivo studies, the wear of HXLPE acetabular cups against alumina ceramic femoral head was evaluated to compare with that of conventional PE cups against alumina ceramic femoral head. The in vivo wear of 61 HXLPE cups (Aeonian; Kyocera Corp., Kyoto, Japan, currently Japan Medical Materials Corp., Osaka, Japan) against alumina ceramic femoral head of 28 mm in diameter with clinical use for 2.1–7.1 years (mean 5.6 years) and eight conventional PE cups against an alumina ceramic femoral head of 28 mm in diameter used for 18.7–23.3 years (mean 20.4 years) were examined by radiographic analysis with Vector Works 10.5. The in vivo wear of eight retrieved HXLPE cups with clinical use for 0.9–6.7 years (mean 2.9 years) and 14 retrieved conventional PE cups used for 16.0–28.0 years (mean 22.0 years) were examined by using a three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine. The worn surfaces of retrieved HXLPE and conventional PE cups were observed by a scanning electron microscope. In the radiographic study, penetration rate of alumina head into HXLPE and conventional PE for the first 1 year were 0.24 mm/year and 0.34 mm/year respectively. One year later, the HXLPE showed significant lower penetration rate of 0.001 mm/year than the conventional PE penetration rate of 0.12 mm/year (p By the radiographic analysis, HXLPE cups against alumina ceramic femoral head has a 99 % lower wear rate compared with conventional PE cups. Also, retrieved HXLPE cups against alumina ceramic femoral head exhibited lower wear compared with conventional PE cups. In conclusion, we expect that the HXLPE cup used with alumina ceramic femoral head has favorable wear properties in long-term clinical use.
Highly Birefringent Biconical Fiber Tapers Fabricated by Hydrofluoric Acid Microdroplet Flow Etching (2012)

Biconical fiber tapers with asymmetric, micron-wide cross-sections were etched from standard single-mode fibers by hydrofluoric acid microdroplets. The tapers showed record-high group birefringences of BG~0.017 and insertion losses &lt; 0.7 dB.
Shear Flow on Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces (2008)

Super‐hydrophobic surfaces, which exhibit large contact angles, can give rise to slip flow of aqueous fluids. We present our work on shear flow of atomistic fluids over simple super‐hydrophobic surfaces. Molecular dynamic simulations are employed to investigate the flow field of fluid between two parallel surfaces, one of which is moving. Exploring a range of fluid thermodynamic state points, we demonstrate the influence of fluid phase and structure near the surfaces on prevalence, and degree, of slip at the super‐hydrophobic surface.
Directed Covalent Immobilization of Fluorescently Labeled Cytokines (2011)

Cytokines are important mediators coordinating inflammation and wound healing in response to tissue damage and infection. Therefore, immobilization of cytokines on the surface of biomaterials is a promising approach to improve biocompatibility. Soluble cytokines signal through receptors on the cell surface leading to cell differentiation, proliferation, or other effector functions. Random immobilization of cytokines on surfaces will result in a large fraction of inactive protein due to impaired cytokine--receptor interaction. We developed a strategy that combined (i) directed covalent coupling of cytokines, (ii) quantification of coupling efficiency through fluorescence detection, and (iii) a reliable protease cleavage assay to control orientation of coupling. For this purpose, fusion proteins of the SNAP-tag followed by an enterokinase recognition site, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), and the cytokine of interest being either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or oncostatin M (OSM) were generated. The SNAP-tag is a derivative of O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase that couples itself covalently to benzylguanine. Bioactivities of the SNAP-YFP-cytokines were shown to be comparable with the nontagged cytokines. Efficient coupling of SNAP-YFP-cytokines to benzylguanine-modified beads was demonstrated by flow cytometry. The fact that enterokinase treatment released most of the fluorescence from the beads is indicative for directed coupling and only marginal adsorptive binding. Cellular responses to SNAP-YFP-cytokine beads were analyzed in cellular lysates and by confocal microscopy indicating that the directionally immobilized cytokines are fully signaling competent with respect to the activation of ERK and STAT3. The strategy presented here is generally applicable for the directed covalent immobilization of fluorescently labeled proteins including the convenient and reliable control of coupling efficiency and orientation.
Quantifying Protein–Ligand Interactions by Direct Electrospray Ionization-MS Analysis: Evidence of Nonuniform Response Factors Induced by High Molecular Weight Molecules and Complexes (2013)

The deleterious effects of high molecular weight (MW) solute (polymers and noncovalent assemblies) on protein-ligand (PL) affinity measurements carried out using the direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) assay are described. The presence of high MW solute, that do not interact with the protein (P) or ligand (L) of interest, is shown to result in a decrease in the abundance (Ab) ratio (R) of ligand-bound to free protein ions (i.e., Ab(PL)/Ab(P)) measured for protein-carbohydrate complexes. This effect, which can reduce the apparent association constant by more than 60%, is found to be more pronounced as the differences in the surface properties of P and PL become more significant. It is proposed that the decrease in R reflects a reduction in the number of available surface sites in the ESI droplets upon introduction of large solute and increased competition between P and the more hydrophilic PL for these sites. That a similar decrease in R is observed upon introduction of surfactants to solution provides qualitative support for this hypothesis.
Hemostatic Multilayer Coatings (2011)

Spray layer-by-layer assembly is used to create hemostatic films containing thrombin and tannic acid. The spray assembly technique enables coating of porous and absorbent commercial gelatin sponges with these films. Coated sponges are able to promote instantaneous hemostasis in a porcine spleen bleeding model.
Characterization of cellulose–chitosan blend films (1992)

Abstract Interactions between cellulose and chitosan molecules in cellulose–chitosan blend films, prepared using trifluoroacetic acid as a cosolvent for the two polysaccharides, were studied by X‐ray diffraction and Raman analyses and by measurements of mechanical properties of the blend films. Crystallinity of cellulose in the blend films decreased with an increase in chitosan content. The blend films had tensile strengths of 45–100 MPa and Young's moduli of 2–7.5 GPa in dry states. These values had the maximum around 30% chitosan content in the blend films. These results suggested the presence of interactions between cellulose, chitosan, and water molecules in the films. However, Raman analysis suggested that cellulose and chitosan molecules in the blend films seemed to have the same secondary structures as those in 100% cellulose and 100% chitosan films, respectively. Thus, these results indicate the presence of interactions in the interfacial region between small domains of cellulose and chitosan. The presence of chitosan molecules may lead to decrease in the domain size of cellulose, and to increase in the interfacial region between cellulose and chitosan domains.
Fabrication and Modelling of a Reservoir-Based Drug Delivery System for Customizable Release (2022)

Localized therapy approaches have emerged as an alternative drug administration route to overcome the limitations of systemic therapies, such as the crossing of the blood-brain barrier in the case of brain tumor treatment. For this, implantable drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed and extensively researched. However, to achieve an effective localized treatment, the release kinetics of DDS needs to be controlled in a defined manner, so that the concentration at the tumor site is within the therapeutic window. Thus, a DDS, with patient-specific release kinetics, is crucial for the improvement of therapy. Here, we present a computationally supported reservoir-based DDS (rDDS) development towards patient-specific release kinetics. The rDDS consists of a reservoir surrounded by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel membrane. By tailoring the rDDS, in terms of membrane porosity, geometry, and drug concentration, the release profiles can be precisely adapted, with respect to the maximum concentration, release rate, and release time. The release is investigated using a model dye for varying parameters, leading to different distinct release profiles, with a maximum release of up to 60 days. Finally, a computational simulation, considering exemplary in vivo conditions (e.g., exchange of cerebrospinal fluid), is used to study the resulting drug release profiles, demonstrating the customizability of the system. The establishment of a computationally supported workflow, for development towards a patient-specific rDDS, in combination with the transfer to suitable drugs, could significantly improve the efficacy of localized therapy approaches.
Citrus Water Uptake Dynamics on a Sandy Florida Entisol (2005)

Florida citrus trees must be irrigated to reach maximum production due to low soil water‐holding capacity. In a highly urbanizing state with limited water resources, improved understanding of soil water uptake dynamics is needed to optimize irrigation volume and timing. The objectives of this study were: (i) estimate mature citrus daily evapotranspiration (ET c ) from changes in soil water content (), (ii) calculate citrus crop coefficients ( K c ) from ET c and reference evapotranspiration (ET o ), (iii) determine the relationship of soil water stress coefficient ( K s ) to , and (iv) evaluate how ET c was related to root length density. In a 25‐mo field study using mature Hamlin orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees, ET c averaged 1137 mm yr 1 , and estimated K c ranged between 0.7 and 1.1. Day of year explained more than 88% of the variation in K c when was near field capacity. The value of K s decreased steadily from 1.0 at field capacity ( = 0.072 cm 3 cm 3 ) to approximately 0.5 at 50% available soil water depletion ( = 0.045 cm 3 cm 3 ). Roots were concentrated in the top 15 cm of soil under the tree canopy (0.71 to 1.16 cm roots cm 3 soil), where maximum soil water uptake was about 1.3 mm 3 mm root 1 d 1 at field capacity, decreasing quadratically as decreased. Estimating daily plant water uptake and resulting soil water depletion based on root length density distribution would provide a reasonable basis for a citrus soil water balance model.
Effect of combined sublethal X-ray irradiation and cyclosporine A treatment in NOD &lt;i&gt;scid&lt;/i&gt; gamma (NSG) mice (2018)

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). GvHD is the most severe side effect of allogeneic HSCT and efficient therapies are lacking. Mouse models are an essential tool for assessing potential new therapeutic strategies. Our aim is to mimic a clinical setting as close as possible using CsA treatment after sublethal irradiation in NSG mice and thereby evaluate the feasibility of this mouse model for GvHD studies. The effect of CsA (7.5 mg/kg body weight) on sublethally X-ray irradiated (2 Gy) and non-irradiated NSG mice was tested. CsA was administered orally every twelve hours for nine days. Animals irradiated and treated with CsA showed a shorter survival (n=3/10) than irradiated animals treated with NaCl (n=10/10). Furthermore, combined therapy resulted in severe weight loss (82 ± 6% of initial weight, n=7, day 8), with weight recovery after the CsA application was ceased. A high number of apoptotic events in the liver was observed in these mice (0.431 ± 0.371 apoptotic cells/cm<sup>2</sup>, n=2, compared to 0.027 ± 0.034 apoptotic cells/cm<sup>2</sup>, n=5, in the non-irradiated group). Other adverse effects, including a decrease in white blood cell counts were non-CsA-specific manifestations of irradiation. The combination of CsA treatment with irradiation has a hepatotoxic and lethal effect on NSG mice, whereas the treatment without irradiation is tolerated. Therefore, when using in vivo models of GvHD in NSG mice, a combined treatment with CsA and X-ray irradiation should be avoided or carefully evaluated.
Sandwich, double-reference-wave, holographic, phase-shift interferometry (1995)

Phase-shift interferometry has provided a straightforward method for converting interferograms to phase maps. Unfortunately, some of the most powerful pulsed holographic interferometry techniquesare generally not compatible with phase-shift interferometry. One solution is to employ two reference waves, one for each of the two object waves to be interfered, that can be phase stepped during reconstruction. Practical aberration and alignment problems render this approach difficult. A simple method that employs a second hologram, sandwiched with the first, which produces the required two reference waves during reconstruction, is presented. The process compensates for both chromatic and geometric aberrations that otherwise render the phase-shift method unusable.
The Argo: a high channel count recording system for neural recording <i>in vivo</i> (2020)

These are the largest channel count microwire-based recordings in both rat and sheep. While currently adapted for head-fixed recording, the microwire-CMOS architecture is well suited for clinical translation. Thus, this demonstration helps pave the way for a future high data rate intracortical implant.
Tetracarbonyl[1,2‐Ethanediylbis‐(Diphenylphosphine)]Tungsten(0), <i>fac</i> ‐(Acetone)Tricarbonyl[1,2‐Ethanediylbis‐(Diphenylphosphine)]Tungsten(0), and <i>mer</i> ‐Tricarbonyl[1,2‐Ethanediylbis‐(Diphenylphosphine)](Phenylvinylidene)Tungsten(0) (1992)

This chapter contains sections titled: Tetracarbonyl[1,2-ethanediylbis(diphenylphosphine)]tungsten(O),w(dppe)(Co)4 fac-Tricarbonyl[1,2-ethanediylbis(diphenylphosphine)](acetone)tungsten(O),W(CO)3(dppe)(acetone) mer-Tricarbonyl[1,2-ethanediylbis(diphenylphosphine)](phenylvinyldene)tungsten(O),(CO)3(dppe)W(C=ChPh)
Modeling of the deformation of a liquid droplet impinging upon a flat surface (1993)

This article presents a theoretical study of the deformation of a spherical liquid droplet impinging upon a flat surface. The study accounts for the presence of surface tension during the spreading process. The theoretical model is solved numerically utilizing deforming finite elements and grid generation to simulate accurately the large deformations, as well as the domain nonuniformities characteristic of the spreading process. The results document the effects of impact velocity, droplet diameter, surface tension, and material properties on the fluid dynamics of the deforming droplet. Two liquids with markedly different thermophysical properties, water and liquid tin, are utilized in the numerical simulations because of their relevance in the industrial processes of spray cooling and spray deposition, respectively. The occurrence of droplet recoiling and mass accumulation around the splat periphery are standout features of the numerical simulations and yield a nonmonotonic dependence of the maximum splat radius on time.
Functional and Immunological Studies Revealed a Second Superantigen Toxin in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Producing Staphylococcus aureus Strains (2022)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a human and animal pathogen as well as a commensal bacterium. It can be a causative agent of severe, life-threatening infections with high mortality, e.g., toxic shock syndrome, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. <i>S. aureus</i> strains secrete a number of toxins. Exotoxins/enterotoxins are considered important in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned conditions. Exotoxins, e.g., superantigen toxins, cause uncontrolled and polyclonal T cell activation and unregulated activation of inflammatory cytokines. Here we show the importance of genomic analysis of infectious strains in order to identify disease-causing exotoxins. Further, we show through functional analysis of superantigenic properties of staphylococcal exotoxins that even very small amounts of a putative superantigenic contaminant can have a significant mitogenic effect. The results show expression and production of two distinct staphylococcal exotoxins, SEC and SEL, in several strains from clinical isolates. Antibodies against both toxins are required to neutralise the superantigenic activity of staphylococcal supernatants and purified staphylococcal toxins.