gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statik der Systeme (2004)

Besteht ein ruhendes materielles System aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen Bestandteilen, so reichen die am ganzen System formulierten Gleichgewichtsbedingungen, wie in Bemerkung (1) von Abschnitt 8.4 angedeutet und in Bemerkung (4) von Abschnitt 9.4 illustriert, im Allgemeinen zur Ermittlung der Unbekannten des Problems nicht aus. Bei statisch bestimmten Systemen können die Unbekannten entweder durch Zerlegung des Systems und Formulierung der Gleichgewichtsbedingungen an jedem Bestandteil, d.h. mit Hilfe des Hauptsatzes der Statik, oder durch direkte Anwendung des PdvL bestimmt werden.
Targeted Chemical Libraries (2012)

This chapter addresses both technical and strategic issues germane to the synthesis of chemical libraries that are targeted in nature. What makes a library targeted versus not targeted has not been clearly delineated in the literature (and is somewhat subjective), but here we define three ideological types (hit to lead, natural product inspired, and protein class targeted) and address topics relevant to their design and realization. Unbiased or prospecting libraries are dealt with in other chapters of the section and are not addressed here. Organizationally, an initial section on technical aspects of library construction is followed by sections dedicated to each ideological library type. For each section, a brief introduction is given on general considerations for the given library type, but a focus is placed on illustrative examples. This is not meant to be a comprehensive review, but care has been taken to identify specific examples that clearly illustrate both the intellectual and technical challenges of such an endeavor. An emphasis is placed on the initial discovery/hypothesis and how that is subsequently translated into the synthetic design and technical execution of the library.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Incorporation of Fluorine in Pyrazoles (2015)

Abstract Review: [103 refs.
Intramolecular alkoxide induced heterolysis of perhydronaphthalene-1,4-diol monosulfonate esters through orbital interactions over three carbon-carbon single bonds (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular alkoxide induced heterolysis of perhydronaphthalene-1,4-diol monosulfonate esters through orbital interactions over three carbon-carbon single bondsRomano V. A. Orru, Joannes B. P. A. Wijnberg, Louis H. D. Jenniskens, and Aede De GrootCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5, 1199–1206Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00057a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00057a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Core/shell nanomaterials in photovoltaics (2003)

Hybrid materials consist of inorganic nanoparticles embedded in polymer matrices. An advantage of these materials is to combine the unique properties of one or more kinds of inorganic nanoparticles with the film forming properties of polymers. Most of the polymers can be processed from solution at room temperature enabling the manufacturing of large area, flexible and light weight devices. To exploit the full potential for the technological applications of the nanocrystalline materials, it is very important to endow them with good processing attributes. The surface of the inorganic cluster can be modified during the synthesis by organic surfactants. The surfactant can alter the dispersion characteristic of the particles by initiating attractive forces with the polymer chains, in which the particles should be homogenously arranged. In this review, we present wet chemical methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles, which have been used as photovoltaic materials in polymer blends. The photovoltaic performance of various inorganic/organic hybrid solar cells, prepared via spin‐coating will be the focus of this contribution.
Mapping Reconfigurable Antennas Using Graphs (2008)

This paper introduces the modeling of reconfigurable antennas using graphs. Several examples are presented and analyzed. Graphs are shown herein to be useful for modeling reconfigurable antennas with different techniques and properties.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG mycobacteria--new application. (2006)

The polarized response of T helper-2 (Th2) lymphocytes to an allergen is considered to be the main cause of the pathogenesis of asthma. In this study, we asked a question whether M. bovis BCG mycobacteria which are known for the preferential stimulation of T helper-1 (Th1) immunity, diminish the effector functions of Th2 cells from allergic patients upon stimulation with a common house dust mite Der p-1 allergen. Our results allow a positive answer to this question. We demonstrate that BCG modulates the dendritic cell-dependent allergen presentation process and switches naive T lymphocytes towards an anti-allergic Th1 profile.
Can Fish and Cell Phones Teach Us about Our Health? (2019)

Biologging is a scientific endeavor that studies the environment and animals within it by outfitting the latter with sensors of their dynamics as they roam freely in their natural habitats. As wearable technologies advance for the monitoring of human health, it may be instructive to reflect on the successes and failures of biologging in field biology over the past few decades. Several lessons may be of value. Physiological sensors can "encode" for a wider number of states than the one explicitly targeted, although the limits of this are debatable. The combination of orthogonal sensors turns out to be critical to delivering a high value data set. Sensor fusion and engineering for longevity are also important for success. This Perspective highlights successful strategies for biologging that hold promise for human health monitoring.
Trimethyl-aluminium and -gallium derivatives of calix[4]arenes: cone (mono-metallic) or doubly flattened partial cone (tetrametallic) conformations (1996)

Reaction of calix[4]arene (H4L) or p-But-calix[4]arene (H4L′) with MMe3(M = Al, Ga) in toluene affords fully deprotonated, alkyl-metal rich complexes [(L or L′)(M-Me)2(MMe3)2] with the calixarene adopting a doubly flattened partial cone conformation; reaction of 1,3-dimethyl ether p-But-calix[4]arene (H2L″) with AlMe3 yields [(L″)AlMe], the metal-bound alkyl group exo to the cavity of the calixarene in a cone conformation.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of thermoplastic microlenses for fiber-optic probe imaging (2014)

Microlens-ended fibers could find great usefulness in future biomedical applications, particularly in endoscopic imaging applications. In this context, this paper focuses on microlens-attached specialty optical fibers such as imaging fiber that can be used for probe imaging applications. Stand-alone self-aligned polymer microlenses have been fabricated by microcompression molding. The fabrication parameters have been optimized for different materials, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC Lexan 123R), Zeonor 1060R (ZNR), and Topas COC. A comparison study of the focusing and spatial resolution of the fabricated lenses is performed prior to employing them for fiber-optic fluorescence imaging applications.
Reasons of cancellation of elective surgical cases at the University Medical Center (2019)

Abstract Background Cancellation of scheduled cases on the day of surgery leads to waste of resources, financial burden, patient dissatisfaction, extended hospital stay, and unnecessary repetition of preoperative preparations. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the causes of case cancellation in our institution so as to improve hospital quality control as well as perioperative risk management. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all cancellations of scheduled elective surgical procedures. We analyzed all cases that were canceled after the patient had been delivered to the operating room (OR). The data about case cancellations was obtained from the Hospital Information System (HIS) of the National Research Oncology and Transplantation Center. Results The most common single reason for cancellation was preoperative hypertensive crisis (n=67; 80.7%), followed by heart rhythm disorders (n=6; 7.2%), incomplete preoperative patient evaluation (n=5; 6.1%), myocardial ischemia (n=4; 4.8%), and pneumonia (n=1; 1.2%). Most of the cancellations (76 out of 83; 92%) were considered to be potentially avoidable. Conclusions In conclusion, that the most common reasons for case cancellation were patient-related cardiovascular conditions (preoperative hypertensive crisis, dysrhythmia, myocardial ischemia). Improvement in preoperative assessment and management of the cardiovascular condition is needed to reduce scheduled case cancellation rate.
An Efficient Miner Strategy for Selecting Cryptocurrency Transactions (2019)

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin use the blockchain technology to record transactions in a distributed and secure way. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block in addition to a set of transactions that it records. The first step for a miner to add a new block to the blockchain is to select a set of pending transactions from a mempool. The total size of selected transactions should not exceed the fixed capacity of blocks. If a miner completes the computationally-hard task of finding the cryptographic hash of the formed block, the block can be added to the blockchain in which case the transactions in that block will become complete. Transaction might have a fee that is granted to the miner upon being complete. As such, when forming a new block, miners tend to select transactions that offer the best fees. Finding a set of transactions with maximum total fee that fit into a block translates to the classic knapsack problem, which is an NP-hard problem. Meanwhile, miners are in fierce competition for mining blocks and hence cannot dedicate too much computational power for selecting the best set of transactions. Most existing solutions to tackle this problem are based on sorting the set of pending transactions by the ratio between their fee and their size. While the sorting step is not a bottleneck in normal situations, transaction can grow explosively in case of a market turbulence like that of 2017. Meanwhile, the total number of transactions increases over time. As such, it is desirable to have an efficient strategy that does not rely on sorting transactions before forming a block. In this paper, we review some of the existing strategies for miners to select transactions from the mempool. We also introduce a robust solution called Size-Density Table (SDT) for selecting transactions that does not use sorting. We perform a theoretical and experimental analysis of our solutions to compare it with other strategies. Our results indicate that our algorithm runs faster than previous approaches while the quality of its solutions (the total fees collected in its blocks) is also slightly better than the best existing strategies.
Elektrophile Synthese von 6-L-[18F]FDOPA mit [18F]F2: ein Statusbericht über das Gastarget am Zyklotron TR-Flex (2023)

Ziel/Aim Die Herstellung von 6-L-[18F]FDOPA durch elektrophile Radiomarkierung mit [18F]F2 Gas ist eine in Dresden-Rossendorf seit über 20 Jahren praktizierte Methode [1] [2]. Mit der Inbetriebnahme eines neuen Zyklotrons TR-Flex und des F2-Gastargets 2018, musste die elektrophile Synthese von [18F]FDOPA angepasst werden.
The Effect of Surface Wave Propagation on Neural Responses to Vibration in Primate Glabrous Skin (2012)

Because tactile perception relies on the response of large populations of receptors distributed across the skin, we seek to characterize how a mechanical deformation of the skin at one location affects the skin at another. To this end, we introduce a novel non-contact method to characterize the surface waves produced in the skin under a variety of stimulation conditions. Specifically, we deliver vibrations to the fingertip using a vibratory actuator and measure, using a laser Doppler vibrometer, the surface waves at different distances from the locus of stimulation. First, we show that a vibration applied to the fingertip travels at least the length of the finger and that the rate at which it decays is dependent on stimulus frequency. Furthermore, the resonant frequency of the skin matches the frequency at which a subpopulation of afferents, namely Pacinian afferents, is most sensitive. We show that this skin resonance can lead to a two-fold increase in the strength of the response of a simulated afferent population. Second, the rate at which vibrations propagate across the skin is dependent on the stimulus frequency and plateaus at 7 m/s. The resulting delay in neural activation across locations does not substantially blur the temporal patterning in simulated populations of afferents for frequencies less than 200 Hz, which has important implications about how vibratory frequency is encoded in the responses of somatosensory neurons. Third, we show that, despite the dependence of decay rate and propagation speed on frequency, the waveform of a complex vibration is well preserved as it travels across the skin. Our results suggest, then, that the propagation of surface waves promotes the encoding of spectrally complex vibrations as the entire neural population is exposed to essentially the same stimulus. We also discuss the implications of our results for biomechanical models of the skin.
Paradigm Shift to Disease-Oriented Glycobiology (2019)

During my tenure as a graduate student at the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, the experimental system for my research comprised eggs from trout fish or sea urchin! My current experimental material comprises plasma, serum, or cerebrospinal fluid from human patients and mice. Notwithstanding differences in the research materials, my research strategy regarding biochemical analysis remains unchanged.
Enhancement of near-field radiation transfer using nano-scaled pillar-array structured surfaces (2016)

Electromagnetic field and its energy density around a nano-sized gap between two pillar array structured surfaces were numerically calculated using a three-dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The simulation results show that a normalized spectral radiation flux became significantly higher and the wavelength at the peak of normalized radiation flux was shifted from a short regime to a long regime with decreasing pillar width. In addition, the results also show that the near-field radiation transfer was limited and concentrated in a narrow area in the nano-sized gap with decreasing pillar width. As a result, the near-field radiation transfer was enhanced by decreasing width of pillar.
Abstract 13466: Adjusted Risk Survival Benefit Following Angiographic Complete Percutaneous Revascularization in the Era of Drug-Eluting Stents (2013)

Background: A conservative approach consisting of percutaneous intervention (PCI) of ischemic lesions has been associated with better outcomes; however, these findings are based on studies that pre...
Data from Proteasome Inhibitors Trigger NOXA-Mediated Apoptosis in Melanoma and Myeloma Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Patients with metastatic melanoma or multiple myeloma have a dismal prognosis because these aggressive malignancies resist conventional treatment. A promising new oncologic approach uses molecularly targeted therapeutics that overcomes apoptotic resistance and, at the same time, achieves tumor selectivity. The unexpected selectivity of proteasome inhibition for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal cells, prompted us to define the mechanism of action for this class of drugs, including Food and Drug Administration–approved bortezomib. In this report, five melanoma cell lines and a myeloma cell line are treated with three different proteasome inhibitors (MG-132, lactacystin, and bortezomib), and the mechanism underlying the apoptotic pathway is defined. Following exposure to proteasome inhibitors, effective killing of human melanoma and myeloma cells, but not of normal proliferating melanocytes, was shown to involve p53-independent induction of the BH3-only protein NOXA. Induction of NOXA at the protein level was preceded by enhanced transcription of NOXA mRNA. Engagement of mitochondrial-based apoptotic pathway involved release of cytochrome &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases, and apoptosis-inducing factor, accompanied by a proteolytic cascade with processing of caspases 9, 3, and 8 and poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase. Blocking NOXA induction using an antisense (but not control) oligonucleotide reduced the apoptotic response by 30% to 50%, indicating a NOXA-dependent component in the overall killing of melanoma cells. These results provide a novel mechanism for overcoming the apoptotic resistance of tumor cells, and validate agents triggering NOXA induction as potential selective cancer therapeutics for life-threatening malignancies such as melanoma and multiple myeloma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis of Brevianamides A and B: In Search of the Biosynthetic Diels‐Alder Construction. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transference of Evolved Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Controllers to a Wheeled Mobile Robot (2006)

Transference of controllers evolved in simulation to real vehicles is an important issue in evolutionary robotics (ER). We have previously evolved autonomous navigation controllers for fixed wing UAV applications using multi-objective genetic programming (GP). Controllers were evolved to locate a radar source, navigate the UAV to the source efficiently using on-board sensor measurements, and circle around the emitter. We successfully tested an evolved UAV controller on a wheeled mobile robot. A passive sonar system on the robot was used in place of the radar sensor, and a speaker emitting a tone was used as the target in place of a radar. Using the evolved navigation controller, the mobile robot moved to the speaker and circled around it. The results from this experiment demonstrate that our evolved controllers are capable of transference to real vehicles. Future research will include testing the best evolved controllers by using them to fly real UAVs.
Information Processing and Application System Development (2015)

This paper proposed a unified information processing and application system, which can automatically generate C++ codes of math methods, and package the software and method into a standard component. Also, the system integrates different types of method in the unified information processing system with standard interface and format. Users can create new component and design test task with existing components. In the meantime, test results can be demonstrated in 2D or 3D format. The system is quite convenient for developers to develop new component, and easy for administrators to manage all existing component, and simple for users to design and operate test task, which saves them a lot of effort.
Method and apparatus for ultrasonic doppler velocimetry using speed of sound and reflection mode pulsed wideband doppler (2023)

According to the present invention, a method and apparatus rely upon tomographic measurement of the speed of sound and fluid velocity in a pipe. The invention provides a more accurate profile of velocity within flow fields where the speed of sound varies within the cross-section of the pipe. This profile is obtained by reconstruction of the velocity profile from the local speed of sound measurement simultaneously with the flow velocity. The method of the present invention is real-time tomographic ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry utilizing a to plurality of ultrasonic transmission and reflection measurements along two orthogonal sets of parallel acoustic lines-of-sight. The fluid velocity profile and the acoustic velocity profile are determined by iteration between determining a fluid velocity profile and measuring local acoustic velocity until convergence is reached.
Remodeling tumor microenvironment with nanomedicines (2021)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been recognized as a major contributor to cancer malignancy and therapeutic resistance. Thus, strategies directed to re-engineer the TME are emerging as promising approaches for improving the efficacy of antitumor therapies by enhancing tumor perfusion and drug delivery, as well as alleviating the immunosuppressive TME. In this regard, nanomedicine has shown great potential for developing effective treatments capable of re-modeling the TME by controlling drug action in a spatiotemporal manner and allowing long-lasting modulatory effects on the TME. Herein, we review recent progress on TME re-engineering by using nanomedicine, particularly focusing on formulations controlling TME characteristics through targeted interaction with cellular components of the TME. Importantly, the TME should be re-engineering to a quiescent phenotype rather than be destroyed. Finally, immediate challenges and future perspectives of TME-re-engineering nanomedicines are discussed, anticipating further innovation in this growing field. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
Work in progress - using a company based model to organize project teams in an introductory design course (2008)

The value of a team approach to design projects has been well established. Projects require teams to demonstrate a wide range of skills including group management, creativity, analysis, manufacturing, testing and communication. Insuring that a team has a sufficient breadth of skills can be problematic. Establishing individual accountability within the project team can also be difficult. A new approach was recently implemented in sophomore/junior design course where teams were assembled based upon the role of company officers. Students interviewed for the positions of chief executive officer, chief technical officer, chief information officer and chief manufacturing officer. Three progress reports were submitted which contained reports from each of the officers. Three oral design reviews were conducted where the instructor and teaching assistant took on the role of venture capitalists (VCs) who were funding the company. Here each officer presented a status report and had the opportunity to ask for advice from the VCs. The company officer approach insured that each student actively participated and was accountable for their work throughout the project. Course evaluations strongly supported the use of this role playing format.