gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[<sup>11</sup>C]‐NS 4194 versus [<sup>11</sup>C]‐DASB for PET imaging of serotonin transporters in living porcine brain (2003)

In vitro, the novel diazabicyclononane NS 4194 has several thousand-fold selectivity for blocking the transport into rat brain synaptosomes of [(3)H]-serotonin in comparison to [(3)H]-dopamine or [(3)H]-noradrenaline. We have prepared [(11)C]-NS 4194 in order to test its properties for PET imaging of brain serotonin transporters in comparison with the well-documented tracer [(11)C]-DASB. Both compounds had rapid clearance from blood to brain of living pigs. The apparent equilibrium distribution volumes in cerebellum were 35 ml g(-1) for [(11)C]-NS 4194 and 11 ml g(-1) for [(11)C]-DASB. Pretreatment of pigs with citalopram did not reduce the uptake of either tracer in cerebellum, validating the use of that tissue as a nonbinding reference tissue for kinetic analysis of specific binding. The binding potential (pB) calculated for [(11)C]-NS 4194 using arterial input models was close to 0.5 in the telencephalon, and was 60% displaced by citalopram. However, the reference tissue method of Lammertsma was unsuited to calculate pB for this tracer, apparently due to its excessive nonspecific binding. In contrast to the relatively homogeneous binding of [(11)C]-NS 4194, the pB of [(11)C]-DASB ranged from 0.6 in frontal cortex to 2 in the mesencephalon when calculated by the method of Lammertsma. Parametric maps of the pB of [(11)C]-DASB showed a pattern consistent with the known distribution of serotonin transporters in pig brain in vitro, and there was a uniform displacement of 80% of the specific binding after citalopram treatment in vivo. In conclusion, [(11)C]-DASB is in several respects superior to [(11)C]-NS 4194 for the detection of serotonin uptake sites by PET.
SAFETY, IMMUNOGENICITY, AND EFFICACY OF INTRAMUSCULAR AND ORAL DELIVERY OF ERA-G333 RECOMBINANT RABIES VIRUS VACCINE TO BIG BROWN BATS (EPTESICUS FUSCUS) (2020)

Attenuated strains of rabies virus (RABV) have been used for oral vaccination of wild carnivores in Europe and North America. However, some RABV vaccines caused clinical rabies in target animals. To improve the safety of attenuated RABV as an oral vaccine for field use, strategies using selection of escape mutants under monoclonal antibody neutralization pressure and reverse genetics-defined mutations have been used. We tested the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of one RABV construct, ERA-g333, developed with reverse genetics by intramuscular (IM) or oral (PO) routes in big brown bats (<i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>). Twenty-five bats received 5×10<sup>6</sup> mouse intracerebral median lethal doses (MICLD<sub>50</sub>) of ERA-g333 by IM route, 10 received 5×10<sup>6</sup> MICLD<sub>50</sub> of ERA-g333 by PO route, and 22 bats served as unvaccinated controls. Twenty-one days after vaccination, 44 bats were infected by IM route with 10<sup>2.9</sup> MICLD<sub>50</sub> of <i>E. fuscus</i> RABV. We report both the immunogenicity and efficacy of ERA-g333 delivered by the IM route; no induction of humoral immunity was detected in bats vaccinated by the PO route. Two subsets of bats vaccinated IM (<i>n</i>=5) and PO (<i>n</i>=3) were not challenged, and none developed clinical rabies from ERA-g333. Scarce reports exist on the evaluation of oral rabies vaccines in insectivorous bats, although the strategy evaluated here may be feasible for future application to these important RABV reservoirs.
U34: Driver Distraction: An Inattention-Mitigation Component for Behavior-Based Safety Programs in Commercial Vehicle Operations (IM-BBS) (2011)

The induction of SC migration into an AN by ETS neurorrhaphy is a useful technique for repairing 20-mm nerve defects in rats, with better nerve regeneration and sensory recovery. No motor recovery was observed in either group; however, motor recovery might require a longer period of time than the lifespan of the AN used in this study. Future studies should investigate whether structural and material reinforcement of the AN, to lower its decomposition rate, can improve functional recovery.
117 CA-Dependent HIV-1 Nuclear Import Relies on Transportin-SR2 (2009)

We have previously shown that C-terminally truncated forms of cleavage and polyadenylation factor 6 (CPSF6), an SR family protein, interfere with infection by HIV-1 and SIV, but not MLV. HIV-1 entry and reverse transcription are not impaired in the presence of antiviral CPSF6, but nuclear forms of the vDNA are diminished. Strikingly, growth arrest of cells expressing antiviral CPSF6 intensifies the restriction of HIV-1 to over two orders of magnitude. A single amino acid change in HIV-1 CA, N74D, overcomes the restriction by antiviral CPSF6. While N74D HIV-1 can efficiently infect transformed cell lines and primary T cells in the presence or absence of antiviral CPSF6, this mutant virus is blocked at an early stage in the infection of macrophages. These data suggested that antiviral CPSF6 interfered with a nuclear entry pathway relevant to HIV-1 infection of primary target cells. To better understand how antiviral CPSF6 prevents HIV-1 nuclear entry, we examined whether a recently described HIV-1 dependency factor, TNPO3, identified in a genome-wide siRNA screen by Elledge and colleagues was relevant to infection by wild-type (WT) but not N74D HIV-1. Whereas siRNA knockdown of endogenous CPSF6 or its binding factor CPSF5 did not impair HIV-1 infection, knockdown of the transportin-SR2 spliced isoform of TNPO3 specifically restricted WT but not N74D HIV-1. Notably, growth-arrest of cells knocked down for transportin-SR2 intensified the block to WT HIV-1 infection, phenocopying the restriction by antiviral CSPF6. These data reinforce a role for transportin-SR2, a non-“NLS” karyopherin, in the early replication of HIV-1 and suggest that its function may be particularly relevant for HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells. Our findings provide the first genetic evidence that HIV-1 CA regulates interactions with nuclear pore associated transport factors.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Approach to the Ansamycin Antibiotics Macbecin I and Herbimycin A. A Formal Total Synthesis of (+)‐Macbecin I. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Renoprotective effects of carvedilol in hypertensive‐stroke prone rats may involve inhibition of TGFβ expression (2001)

1. The effect of carvedilol on renal function, structure and expression of TGF beta and the matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen I and collagen III, was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHR-SP) rats fed a high fat, high salt diet. 2. Carvedilol treatment for 11 to 18 weeks did not alter systolic blood pressure in SHR-SP rats, however, it resulted in a significant reduction in heart rate. 3. Carvedilol treatment reduced renal fibrosis and total, active and chronic renal damage to levels approaching those of WKY rats on a normal diet. 4. Urinary protein excretion was higher in SHR-SP rats (51+/-10 mg day(-1)) than WKY rats (18+/-2 mg day(-1)) and this was further increased when SHR-SP rats were fed a high fat, high salt diet (251+/-120 mg day(-1)). Treatment with carvedilol resulted in significantly lower urinary protein excretion (37+/-15 mg day(-1)). 5. The expression of TGF beta mRNA was significantly higher in SHR-SP rats compared to WKY rats and a further increase was observed when rats were fed a high fat, high salt diet. Renal TGF beta expression was significantly reduced by treatment with carvedilol. The expression of fibronectin and collagen I and collagen III mRNA showed a pattern similar to that observed with TGF beta mRNA expression. Collagen I mRNA expression followed a pattern similar to renal fibrosis. 6. These data indicate that carvedilol can provide significant renal protection in the absence of any antihypertensive activity and that the mechanisms involved in this action may include reduced expression of profibrotic factors such as TGF beta.
Self-pumped phase conjugation in InP:Fe (1989)

We report here for the first time the demonstration of self-pumped phase conjugation in photorefractive semiconductors using 1.32 μm light. Using an ac field technique to enhance the gain coefficient in InP:Fe and a single input pump beam, phase conjugate reflectivities of 11% were measured using an input beam intensity of less than 1 mW/mm2. These results open up many possibilities for using photorefractive semiconductors in applications with low-power infrared diode lasers.
&lt;title&gt;Effect of wavelength and dye selection on biosensor response&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

The availability of low cost laser diodes and new fluorescent dyes has made portable biosensors a reality. Previously, we have examined the variation in the fluorescent signal generated in an antigen-antibody reaction when the antigen is labeled with dyes exciting at different wavelengths. In this study, we looked at the effect of changing dyes and wavelengths on a sandwich immunoassay for the F1 antigen from Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plaque. The F1 immunoassay has previously been demonstrated to work in serum, plasma, and even whole blood, when performed using a fiber optic biosensor. In this study, we demonstrated that changing to cyanine dyes enhanced the sensitivity of the detection without altering the immunochemistry of the assay.
The challenges of nitride spacer processing for a 0.35 μm CMOS technology (2002)

The nitride spacer process is a complex process involving interactions of the isolation process, the spacer etch, and the oxide stopping layer. A high selectivity spacer etch with a small isotropic component and no plasma damage is a necessity. A composite oxide etch stop layer has shown performance benefits and yield improvement.
Quantum Computing without Quantum Computers: Database Search and Data Processing Using Classical Wave Superposition (2020)

Quantum computing is an emerging field of science which will eventually lead us to new and powerful logic devices with capabilities far beyond the limits of current transistor-based technology. There are certain types of problems which quantum computers can solve fundamentally faster than the tradition digital computers. There are quantum algorithms which require both superposition and entanglement (e.g. Shor algorithm). But neither the Grover algorithm nor the very first quantum algorithm due to Deutsch and Jozsa need entanglement. Is it possible to utilize classical wave superposition to speedup database search? This interesting question was analyzed by S. Lloyd. It was concluded that classical devices that rely on wave interference may provide the same speedup over classical digital devices as quantum devices. There were several experimental works using optical beam superposition for emulating Grover algorithm. It was concluded that the use of classical wave superposition comes with the cost of exponential increase of the resources. Since then, it is widely believed that the use of classical wave superposition for quantum algorithms is inevitably leading to an exponential resources overhead (number of devices, power consumption, precision requirements). In this work, we describe a classical Oracle machine which utilizes classical wave superposition for database search and data processing. We present experimental data on magnetic database search using spin wave superposition. The data show a fundamental speedup over the digital computers without any exponential resource overhead. We argue that in some cases the classical wave-based approach may provide the same speedup in database search as quantum computers.
Construction of a computable cell proliferation network focused on non-diseased lung cells (2011)

To the best of our knowledge, this lung-focused Cell Proliferation Network provides the most comprehensive connectivity map in existence of the molecular mechanisms regulating cell proliferation in the lung. The network is based on fully referenced causal relationships obtained from extensive evaluation of the literature. The computable structure of the network enables its application to the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cell proliferation using systems biology data sets. The network is available for public use.
Stereospecific double rearrangement of trans-3,4-dimethyl-cis,trans-cycloocta-1,5-diene to cis-3,4-dimethyl-cis,cis-cycloocta-1,5-diene (1972)

The chemistry of the highly strained cis,trans-cyclo-octa-&#13;\n1,5-diene ring system* (1) is largely unexplored.&#13;\nBecause there is a possibility that the corresponding&#13;\n3,4-dimethyl derivatives 2 and 3 may be involved in the&#13;\nthermal nonboat, “crossover” rearrangement of cis-&#13;\n1,2-cis,trans- and cis- 1,2-cis,cis-dipropenylcyclobutanes&#13;\n(cCT and cCC, respectively),3 we have carried out a&#13;\nstudy of the pyrolysis of trans-3,4-dimethyl-cis,trans-&#13;\ncyclo-octa- 1,5-diene (3). The present paper reports a&#13;\nnew thermal rearrangement of this compound.
A CAD-oriented model for the ohmic losses of multiconductor coplanar lines in hybrid and monolithic MIC's (1996)

The paper presents CAD-oriented closed-form expres­sions for the high-frequency resistance matrix of gen­eral multiconductor coplanar lines for analog or digital GaAs IC's, Together with the quasi-TEM character­ization presented in [1] the present results enable the evaluation of the modal impedances and attenuations of the multiconductor line. The approach is based on an exact conformal mapping technique, and allows for for coupled lines and multiconductor buses of arbitrary ge­ometry, i.e. having arbitrary strip widths and spacings. Results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the approach.
Metallurgical Aspects of Casting High‐Manganese Steel Grades (2006)

The high temperature strength and internal crack susceptibility of a high Mn‐steel grade, X50MnAl 25 1 has been compared to that of a HSSS steel and that of two low carbon steels. High strength and crack susceptibility are supposed to be limiting factors in casting high‐Mn steels on conventional continuous casting machines.
Characterization of MRI-compatible PET detector modules by optical excitation of the scintillator material (2012)

In the field of biomedical imaging there is a strong interest in combining modalities of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An MRI-compatible PET detector module has to be insensitive to the magnetic field that is why it needs to incorporate avalanche photodiodes (APD) or silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). We propose a new purely optical characterization method for these devices where no nuclear source is needed. In our method we use LED sources for both the direct illumination of silicon sensors and fluorescent excitation of the scintillator material. With this method we can measure the response characteristic and uniformity of pixels in sensor arrays as well as the optical cross-talk between neighboring pixels. In the same experimental setup we can also emulate the pulse response of the detector module (i.e. light-spread over the sensor array from a point source in the scintillator material). We present the detailed construction of the experimental setup and analyze the benefits and drawbacks of this method compared to the nuclear measurements. The viability of the idea is proven through the characterization of a SiPM array and a block detector module based on it.
The Principal of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI, the Method of Pharmacokinetic Analysis, and Its Application in the Head and Neck Region (2012)

Many researchers have established the utility of the dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the differential diagnosis in the head and neck region, especially in the salivary gland tumors. The subjective assessment of the pattern of the time-intensity curve (TIC) or the simple quantification of the TIC, such as the time to peak enhancement (T(peak)) and the wash-out ratio (WR), is commonly used. Although the semiquantitative evaluations described above have been widely applied, they do not provide information on the underlying pharmacokinetic analysis in tissue. The quantification of DCE-MRI is preferable; therefore, many compartment model analyses have been proposed. The Toft and Kermode (TK) model is one of the most popular compartment models, which provide information about the influx forward volume transfer constant from plasma into the extravascular-extracellular space (EES) and the fractional volume of EES per unit volume of tissue is used in many clinical studies. This paper will introduce the method of pharmacokinetic analysis and also describe the clinical application of this technique in the head and neck region.
Infrared imager employing a 160 x 120 pixel uncooled bolometer array (1998)

We have developed an uncooled thermal imager having 160 X 120, 50 micrometer X 50 micrometer pixels which operates at 30 Hz frame rate. It employs a complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS) redout integrated circuit (ROIC) beneath a vanadium oxide (VOx) silicon microstructure bolometric array. Imagery output is in RS-170 format. An RS-232 port can be employed to command operation from a remote location. Weight of the 'engine,' consisting of the focal plane array in is package plus three circuit boards, each 3 X 3 inches, is 8 oz. Input power is 2.5 Watts. Also included on the boards is a circuit which avoids the need for a temperature stabilizer in the array package. Operating in the 8 - 14 micrometer spectral interval, the imager has a noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) with an f/0.8 lens against 295 K targets of less than or equal to 0.1C. The dynamic range of 66 dB will accommodate very hot targets without saturation of an image which also contains 290 K targets.
Characterization and Subcellular Localization of Murine and Human Magnesium-dependent Neutral Sphingomyelinase (2000)

Sphingomyelinases (SMases) catalyze the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, an essential lipid constituent of the plasma membrane, lysosomal membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi membrane stacks of mammalian cells. In this study, we report the biochemical and functional characterization and subcellular localization of magnesium-dependent nSMase1 from overexpressing human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved residues probably involved in the enzymatic sphingomyelin cleavage as well as the removal of one or both putative transmembrane domains lead to the complete loss of enzymatic activity of human nSMase1 expressed in HEK293 cells. Polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant mammalian nSMase1 immunoprecipitated and inactivated the enzyme in membrane extracts of overexpressing HEK293 cells and different murine tissues. Cell fractionation combined with immunoprecipitation studies localized the nSMase1 protein predominantly in the microsomal fraction. The enzyme colocalized with marker proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in immunocytochemistry. Anti-nSMase1 antibodies did not affect the nSMase activity in the plasma membrane fraction and membrane extracts from murine brain. Our study leads to the conclusion that nSMase1 is one of at least two mammalian neutral sphingomyelinases with different subcellular localization, tissue specificity, and enzymatic properties.
Simultaneous measurement of density and viscosity in gases with a quartz tuning fork resonator by tracking of the series resonance frequency (2011)

Quartz crystal tuning fork resonators are suitable sensors for separable, simultaneous measurement of the density and the viscosity of a surrounding fluid. In this contribution we present the application of a frequency tracking interface for measurement of gas density and viscosity with a single quartz crystal tuning fork resonator. By frequency tracking, we obtain equal accuracy for the density and viscosity estimation as by evaluation of the admittance spectrum in the vicinity of the resonance frequency (which is typically used) but with a significantly reduced measurement time (one measurement per second compared to about 50 seconds per admittance spectrum). Furthermore, sophisticated fitting algorithms are not required.
Activation and re-activation potential of T cells responding to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (1995)

To elucidate the parameters that lead to superantigen induced non-responsiveness, an in vitro model for studying primary and secondary responses to the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was established. Upon re-activation with SEB, in vitro SEB primed T cells show an early proliferative response that 'quenches' in time and is severely impaired 3 days after re-stimulation. Despite their overall impaired proliferative capacity and IL-2 production, these T cells are able to produce IFN-gamma and to up-regulate activation markers CD69 and IL-2R alpha upon re-stimulation with SEB, demonstrating that SEB non-responsiveness is not absolute. Rather, it reflects the inability to mount an ongoing proliferative response upon re-stimulation with SEB. Our results also demonstrate that SEB-induced non-responsiveness is not simply the result of presentation in the absence of co-stimulation, since presentation of SEB on highly purified dendritic cells during the primary response did not prevent the induction of non-responsiveness. As previously shown, SEB induces a Th1 phenotype in responding CD4+ T cells. Skewing towards a Th2 phenotype by adding IL-4 and antibodies to IFN-gamma did not prevent the induction of non-responsiveness by SEB. Interestingly, T cells pretreated with plate-bound anti-CD3 epsilon and anti-V beta 8 were also non-responsive to SEB re-stimulation. Thus, non-responsiveness to SEB (defined here as inability to produce IL-2 and proliferate) seems to reflect an intrinsic inability of previously activated T cells to respond to SEB, probably reflecting differences in signal transduction pathways used by naive versus previously activated T cells.
RTN and PBTI-induced time-dependent variability of replacement metal-gate high-k InGaAs FinFETs (2014)

We study RTN and PBTI in nanoscale InGaAs FinFETs fabricated on 300mm Si wafers. The average instability is found to be comparable to planar structures, but significantly larger when compared to Si devices. Although the novel devices follow the same time-dependent variability statistics and the corresponding area-scaling as their Si counterparts, a larger stochastic impact of single defects on the device characteristic is found to induce larger aging-related variance. We ascribe this to a more percolative channel conduction induced by still excessive interface and channel defectivity.