gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of variant histone H2AV in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> larval hematopoiesis (2017)

Replication-independent histone variants can replace the canonical replication-dependent histones. Vertebrates have multiple H2A variant histones, including H2AZ and H2AX that are present in most eukaryotes. H2AZ regulates transcriptional activation as well as the maintenance of gene silencing, while H2AX is important in DNA damage repair. The fruit fly <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> has only one histone H2A variant (H2AV), which is a chimera of H2AZ and H2AX. In this study we found that lack of H2AV led to the formation of black melanotic masses in <i>Drosophila</i> third instar larvae. The formation of these masses was found in conjunction with a loss of the majority of the primary lymph gland lobes. Interestingly, the cells of the posterior signaling center were preserved in these mutants. Reduction of H2AV levels by RNAi knockdown caused a milder phenotype that preserved the lymph gland structure but that included precocious differentiation of the prohemocytes located within the medullary zone and the secondary lobes of the lymph gland. Mutant rescue experiments suggest that the H2AZ-like rather than the H2AX-like function of H2AV is primarily required for normal hematopoiesis.
Functional Profiling of Chondrogenically Induced Multipotent Stromal Cell Aggregates Reveals Transcriptomic and Emergent Morphological Phenotypes Predictive of Differentiation Capacity (2018)

Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for bone and cartilage tissue repair strategies. However, the functional heterogeneity of MSCs derived from different donors and manufacturing conditions has limited clinical translation, emphasizing the need for improved methods to assess MSC chondrogenic capacity. We used functionally relevant morphological profiling to dynamically monitor emergent morphological phenotypes of chondrogenically induced MSC aggregates to identify morphological features indicative of MSC chondrogenesis. Toward this goal, we characterized the morphology of chondrogenically stimulated MSC aggregates from eight different human cell-lines at multiple passages and demonstrated that MSC aggregates exhibited unique morphological dynamics that were both cell line- and passage-dependent. This variation in 3D morphology was shown to be informative of long-term MSC chondrogenesis based on multiple quantitative functional assays. We found that the specific morphological features of spheroid area, radius, minimum feret diameter, and minor axis length to be strongly correlated with MSC chondrogenic synthetic activity but not gene expression as early as day 4 in 3D culture. Our high-throughput, nondestructive approach could potentially serve as a tool to identify MSC lines with desired chondrogenic capacity toward improving manufacturing strategies for MSC-based cellular products for cartilage tissue repair. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;1-12.
Mercury contamination extraction (2023)

Mercury is removed from contaminated waste by firstly applying a sulfur reagent to the waste. Mercury in the waste is then permitted to migrate to the reagent and is stabilized in a mercury sulfide compound. The stable compound may then be removed from the waste which itself remains in situ following mercury removal therefrom.
Digital Radiography in Total Hip Arthroplasty (2018)

Background: Obtaining the ideal acetabular cup position in total hip arthroplasty remains a challenge. Advancements in digital radiography and image analysis software allow the assessment of the cup position during the surgical procedure. This study describes a validated technique for evaluating cup position during total hip arthroplasty using digital radiography. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-nine consecutive patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative supine anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were made. Intraoperative anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were made with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. Radiographic beam angle adjustments and operative table adjustments were made to approximate rotation and tilt of the preoperative radiograph. The target for cup position was 30° to 50° abduction and 15° to 35° anteversion. Intraoperative radiographic measurements were calculated and final cup position was determined after strict impingement and range-of-motion testing. Postoperative anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were made. Two independent observers remeasured all abduction and anteversion angles. Results: Of the cups, 97.8% were placed within 30° to 50° of abduction, with a mean angle (and standard deviation) of 39.5° ± 4.6°. The 2.2% of cups placed outside the target zone were placed so purposefully on the basis of intraoperative range-of-motion testing and patient factors, and 97.6% of cups were placed between 15° and 35° of anteversion, with a mean angle of 26.6° ± 4.7°. Twenty-eight percent of cups were repositioned on the basis of intraoperative measurements. Subluxation during range-of-motion testing occurred in 3% of hips despite acceptable measurements, necessitating cup repositioning. There was 1 early anterior dislocation. Conclusions: Placing the acetabular component within a target range is a critical component to minimizing dislocation and polyethylene wear in total hip arthroplasty. Using digital radiography, we positioned the acetabular component in our desired target zone in 97.8% of cases and outside the target zone, purposefully, in 2.2% of cases. When used in conjunction with strict impingement testing, digital radiography allows for predictable cup placement in total hip arthroplasty.
Combining microbial fuel cell and ultra-low power event-driven audio detector for zero-power sensing in underwater monitoring (2018)

Achieving zero-power always-on sensing is an attractive challenge for academic and industrial researchers. Long-term and perpetual monitoring are particularly important for battery-operated systems, such as wearable and IoT devices and necessary in a wide range of applications. Zero-power sensing is crucial for devices that are supposed to collect data and important events in inaccessible places, such as under the water, where the replacement of batteries is almost impossible or inconvenient. In this paper, we present a novel ultra-low power always-on event-driven acoustic sensor able to feature pattern recognition with up to eight simultaneous time-frequency features exploiting mixed-signal low power design. Moreover, this paper achieves a zero-power acoustic smart sensor combining the event-driven acoustic detector with a microbial fuel cell, aiming long-term monitoring in underwater applications. Experimental results show that our solution is able to recognize a specific audio pattern in less than 1 seconds with 50μW to 55μW power consumption for single and multi-frequency detection respectively. Finally, we achieve a zero-power smart sensor able to work perpetually when powered with microbial fuel cells providing only 0.4mW of continuous power.
Genome-wide analysis reveals<i>NRP1</i>as a direct HIF1α-E2F7 target in the regulation of motorneuron guidance<i>in vivo</i> (2015)

In this study, we explored the existence of a transcriptional network co-regulated by E2F7 and HIF1α, as we show that expression of E2F7, like HIF1α, is induced in hypoxia, and because of the previously reported ability of E2F7 to interact with HIF1α. Our genome-wide analysis uncovers a transcriptional network that is directly controlled by HIF1α and E2F7, and demonstrates both stimulatory and repressive functions of the HIF1α -E2F7 complex. Among this network we reveal Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) as a HIF1α-E2F7 repressed gene. By performing in vitro and in vivo reporter assays we demonstrate that the HIF1α-E2F7 mediated NRP1 repression depends on a 41 base pairs 'E2F-binding site hub', providing a molecular mechanism for a previously unanticipated role for HIF1α in transcriptional repression. To explore the biological significance of this regulation we performed in situ hybridizations and observed enhanced nrp1a expression in spinal motorneurons (MN) of zebrafish embryos, upon morpholino-inhibition of e2f7/8 or hif1α Consistent with the chemo-repellent role of nrp1a, morpholino-inhibition of e2f7/8 or hif1α caused MN truncations, which was rescued in TALEN-induced nrp1a(hu10012) mutants, and phenocopied in e2f7/8 mutant zebrafish. Therefore, we conclude that repression of NRP1 by the HIF1α-E2F7 complex regulates MN axon guidance in vivo.
Liquid Crystalline Compounds in the Thiophene Series, Part 11<sup>+</sup> Liquid Crystalline Thiophene Carboxylic Esters (1995)

The new series of ten 4,4'-bis(5-alkyl-2-thienylcarbonyloxy)azobenzenes (2a -2j) and ten 2,5-bis(5-alkyl-2-thienylcarbonyloxy)toluenes (3a -3j) were prepared. These, as yet unknown esters were characterized in relation to their structures by elemental analyses, IR, UV, 1 H NMR spectra and MS. The azobenzene-esters 2a -2j which form liquid crystalline phases were studied by microscopy under polarized light and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Through the observation of the optical textures nematic phases were monitored. Only 2j has an additional smectic phase; 2h and 2i form monotropic smectic phases during cooling. The toluene-esters 3a -3j do not form liquid crystalline phases.
Giant Surface Charge Density of Graphene Resolved From Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and First-Principles Theory (2015)

In this work, systematic constant-bias, variable-current scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and STM simulations from density-functional theory are made, yielding critical insights into the spatial structure of electrons in graphene. A foundational comparison is drawn between graphene and graphite, showing the surface charge density of graphene to be 300 percent that of graphite. Furthermore, simulated STM images reveal that high-current STM better resolves graphenes honeycomb bonding structure because of a retraction which occurs in the topmost dangling bond orbitals.
One simple claudication question as first step in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) screening: A meta-analysis of the association with reduced Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) in 27,945 subjects (2019)

Asking only one question about claudication was able to identify many individuals with a high likelihood of a reduced ABI with markedly higher sensitivity and only slightly reduced specificity compared to more complex questionnaires. At least in men, this question should be established as first screening step.
Roles for inositol-phosphoryl ceramide synthase 1 (<i>IPC1</i>) in pathogenesis of<i>C. neoformans</i> (2001)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a leading cause of life-threatening fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. Inositol-phosphoryl ceramide synthase 1 (Ipc1) is a fungus-specific enzyme, encoded by the essential IPC1 gene, that catalyzes the formation of complex sphingolipids and may also regulate the levels of phytoceramide and diacylglycerol. Here, we investigated the functions of this essential gene by modulating its expression in C. neoformans using a galactose-inducible promoter. Down-regulation of IPC1 significantly lowers the expression of certain virulence traits such as melanin pigmentation and, remarkably, impairs pathogenicity of C. neoformans in an established rabbit model. Interestingly, we found that IPC1 down-regulation significantly decreases the intracellular growth of C. neoformans in the J774.16 murine macrophage-like cells. Finally, we studied the effect of IPC1 expression under different stress conditions and found that down-regulation of IPC1 confers a defect on in vitro growth at low pH. Because this environment is similar to that in the phagolysosome of J774.16 macrophage-like cells, our findings indicate that down-regulation of IPC1 confers a growth defect in vivo through a pH-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, our study is the first to define a novel and crucial function of Ipc1 in fungal pathogenesis.
Multi-modal region selection approach for training object detectors (2012)

Our purpose in this work is to boost the performance of object classifiers learned using the self-training paradigm. We exploit the multi-modal nature of tagged images found in social networks, to optimize the process of region selection when retraining the initial model. More specifically, the proposed approach uses a small number of manually labelled regions to train the initial object detection classifiers. Then, a large number of loosely tagged images, pre-segmented by an automatic segmentation algorithm, is used to enhance the initial training set with additional image regions. However, in contrast to the typical case of self-training where the image regions are selected based solely on how well they fit to the original classification model, our approach aims at optimizing this selection by making combined use of both visual and textual information. The experimental results show that the object detection classifiers generated using the proposed approach outperform the classifiers generated using the typical self-training paradigm.
A PROJECTED GRADIENT AUGMENTED LAGRANGIAN APPROACH TO MULTI-OBJECTIVE TRAJECTORY PLANNING OF REDUNDANT ROBOTS (2007)

In this paper, a multi-objective trajectory planning system is developed for redundant manipulators. This system involves kinematic redundancy resolution, as well as robot dynamics, including actuators model. The kinematic redundancy is taken into account through a secondary criterion of joint limits avoidance. The optimization procedure is performed subject to limitations on actuator torques and workspace, while passing through imposed poses. The Augmented Lagrangian with decoupling (ALD) technique is used to solve the resulting constrained non-convex and non-linear optimal control problem. Furthermore, the final state constraint is solved using a gradient projection. Simulations on a three degrees of freedom planar redundant serial manipulator show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
CMUT characterization by interferometric and electric measurements (2009)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) with 5.7 mum radius, realized by wafer bonding, have been characterized by both optical and electrical measurements. These measurements are performed by our heterodyne interferometer and a network analyzer, respectively. The results from this article will be used to improve the fabrication of next-generation CMUTs. We have investigated the spread in resonance frequency of different CMUT membranes along the array. Q-factors have been obtained using both measurement methods, and the results from the 2 methods have been numerically compared. The relation between applied dc voltage and resonance frequency has been studied. Temperature measurements show that increasing temperature leads to a small decrease in the resonance frequency of the CMUTs; however, the decrease is small enough to ensure stable operation with small variations in room temperature. The heterodyne interferometer is used to inspect the vibration pattern of the CMUTs' higher harmonic modes. These modes are located at approximately 60 MHz in air. To the authors' knowledge, vibration modes at frequencies >40 MHz have not been previously studied.
Influence of a pore‐forming agent on swelling, network parameters, and permeability of poly(ethylene glycol)‐crosslinked poly(methyl vinyl ether‐<i>co</i>‐maleic acid) hydrogels: Application in transdermal delivery systems (2012)

Abstract We characterized hydrogels, prepared from aqueous blends of poly(methyl vinyl ether‐ co ‐maleic acid) (PMVE/MA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 10,000 Daltons) containing a pore‐forming agent (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO 3 ). Increase in NaHCO 3 content increased the equilibrium water content (EWC) and average molecular weight between crosslinks ( M c ) of hydrogels. For example, the %EWC was 731, 860, 1109, and 7536% and the M c was 8.26, 31.64, 30.04, and 3010.00 × 10 5 g/mol for hydrogels prepared from aqueous blends containing 0, 1, 2, and 5% w/w of NaHCO 3 , respectively. Increase in NaHCO 3 content also resulted in increased permeation of insulin. After 24 h, percentage permeation was 0.94, 3.68, and 25.71% across hydrogel membranes prepared from aqueous blends containing 0, 2, and 5% w/w of NaHCO 3 , respectively. Hydrogels containing the pore‐forming agent were fabricated into microneedles (MNs) for transdermal drug delivery applications by integrating the MNs with insulin‐loaded patches. It was observed that the mean amount of insulin permeating across neonatal porcine skin in vitro was 20.62% and 52.48% from hydrogel MNs prepared from aqueous blends containing 0 and 5% w/w of NaHCO 3 . We believe that these pore‐forming hydrogels are likely to prove extremely useful for applications in transdermal drug delivery of biomolecules. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
[Splenic infarction in a HIV-infected patient. Apropos of a case and review of the literature]. (1996)

Incomplete ischemia of the celiac trunk due to arterial thrombosis occurred in a patient infected with the HIV. Ischemia led to infarct of the spleen and pancreatitis. Endoluminal desobstruction of the arterial trunk then medical management after exploratory laparoscopy were successful without splenectomy. The causes, diagnostic methods and treatments for splenic infarction in HIV-infected patients are discussed with a review of the literature.
Interfering Relay Channels (2017)

This paper introduces and studies a model in which two relay channels interfere with each other. Motivated by practical scenarios in heterogeneous wireless access networks, each relay is assumed to be connected to its intended receiver through a digital link with finite capacity. Inner and outer bounds for achievable rates are derived and shown to be tight for new discrete memoryless classes, which generalize and unify several known cases involving interference and relay channels. Capacity region and sum capacity for multiple Gaussian scenarios are also characterized to within a constant gap. The results show the optimality or near-optimality of the quantize-bin-and-forward coding scheme for practically relevant relay-interference networks, which brings important engineering insight into the design of wireless communications systems.
A 5GHz wide-range CMOS active phase shifter for wireless beamforming applications (2006)

A CMOS 5.2 GHz active phase shifter is presented. Based on a tunable all-pass filter, this implementation achieves a wide phase-shift range with low loss, and minimizes the number of on-chip passive elements. Fabricated in a subset of a 0.25 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process, measurements of the active phase shifter show an insertion loss of 2 dB, an IIP3 of 1 dBm, and a phase shift range of 240/spl deg/. Power consumption of the core circuitry is 36.3 mW from a single 2.5 V power supply.
Conformational Studies on Five Octasaccharides Isolated from Chondroitin Sulfate Using NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling (2007)

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CS-PG) are involved in the regulation of the central nervous system in vertebrates due to their presence on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of tissues. The CS moieties are built up from repeating -4)GlcA(beta1-3)GalNAc(beta1- disaccharide units, partly O-sulfated at different positions. The presence of the disulfated disaccharide D-unit, GlcA2S(beta1-3)GalNAc6S, in the CS moiety of the proteoglycan DSD-1-PG/phosphacan, correlates with neurite outgrowth promotion. The binding of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 473HD to DSD-1-PG, reducing neuronal stimulation, is inhibited by shark cartilage CS-D. CS-D is also recognized by two other mAbs, MO-225 and CS-56. Conformational studies were performed using NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling on five octasaccharides isolated from shark cartilage CS-D. These octasaccharides present different binding properties toward the three mAbs. The combination of the experimental and theoretical approaches revealed that the sulfate group at position 2 of GlcA in disaccharide D and the presence of an exocyclic negative tail in disaccharides C [GlcA(beta1-3)GalNAc6S] and DeltaC [Delta4,5HexA(alpha1-3)GalNAc6S] are important for antibody recognition.
Semantic segmentation of multimodal point clouds from the railway context (2021)

In this study we analyzed deep learning methods for point clouds semantic segmentation. We compared PointNet and PointNet++ on data with different characteristics, coming from distinct domains, in order to understand their behavior. Finally, we exploited the so gained knowledge to improve the performance of the models on railway data. In particular, we properly updated the training protocol and altered the PointNet++ architecture, in order to perform transfer learning by leveraging the models previously trained in the first experiments. Results on both state-of-the-art datasets and on a custom dataset specifically acquired for this scope demonstrate that transfer learning can effectively boost the performance of the models in terms of prediction accuracy and convergence rate in the railway context.
Primary structure of the acidic carbohydrate chain of hemocyanin from <i>Panulirus interruptus</i> (1987)

The N ‐glycosidic carbohydrate chains of hemocyanin from the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus were liberated by hydrazinolysis of a pronase digest and subsequently reduced. Separation of the mixture of oligosaccharide‐alditols by high‐voltage paper electrophoresis resulted in a neutral (90%) and an acidic (10%) fraction. 500‐MHz 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy of the acidic fraction revealed a single component with the following novel structure:
Low Cerebellar Vermis Volumes and Impaired Neuropsychologic Performance in Children Treated for Brain Tumors and Leukemia (2010)

Reduced brain-tissue volumes following radiation have been reported previously in pediatric patients. In this study, lower vermal volumes were detected even earlier, before radiation treatment was initiated or completed. Six months postradiation, vermal volume decreases detected in patients with medulloblastoma were not accompanied by declines in already poor neuropsychologic performance. In addition to radiation, the presence of brain malignancies and preradiation treatment may be important factors affecting cerebellar vermis tissue.
Stokes–anti-Stokes correlations in diamond (2015)

We investigate the arrival statistics of Stokes (S) and anti-Stokes (aS) Raman photons generated in thin diamond crystals. Strong quantum correlations between the S and aS signals are observed, which implies that the two processes share the same phonon; that is, the phonon excited in the S process is consumed in the aS process. We show that the intensity cross-correlation g(S,aS)(2)(0), which describes the simultaneous detection of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons, increases steadily with decreasing laser power and saturates at very low pump powers, implying that the number of Stokes-induced aS photons is comparable to the number of spontaneously generated aS photons. Furthermore, the coincidence rate shows a quadratic plus cubic power dependence, indicating the generation of multiple S photons per pulse at high powers.