gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel compact nonimaging collectors for LED arrays (2004)

Commercial adoption of non-imaging optics has been limited in part by high length-to-aperture ratios of classical designs. Previous low-aspect-ratio designs have been limited to particular angular ranges. We will present designs with length-to-aperture ratios of 0.6 or lower, with nearly ideal etendue-preserving performance and efficiency over a wide range of collection and output angles. The results described will include raytrace simulations, experimental results, and demonstration units.
Control of expression of histocompatibility antigens (H-2) and beta 2-microglobulin in F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells. (1981)

Murine teratocarcinoma stem cells, unlike most other cell types, do not express major histocompatibility antigens. The steady-state levels of beta 2-microglobulin and H-2 mRNA from F9-derived teratocarcinoma stem and differentiated cells were examined by blot hybridization using cloned DNA probes specific for these mRNAs. No H-2- or beta 2-microglobulin-specific RNA was detected in F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells (clone 12-1); thus, F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells (clone 12-1) contain no more than 1/10 the H-2 and beta 2-microglobulin mRNAs of the differentiated daughter cells (clone 12-1a). We suggest that this regulation of major histocompatibility antigen expression is due to transcriptional control of the major histocompatibility antigen genes, H-2 and beta 2-microglobulin. The transcriptional regulation of these genes is accompanied by a change in their DNase I sensitivity. Normally, transcriptionally inactive genes are DNase I resistant, while active genes are DNase I sensitive. In contrast, the silent major histocompatibility antigen genes of teratocarcinoma stem cells are more DNase I sensitive than the active genes of the differentiated cells.
Phosphophosphidites Derived from BINOL (2019)

Phosphophosphidites of the type R 2 P–P(binol) [where binol = the dianion of (S)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol] are the phosphorus analogues of the ubiquitous phosphoramidites, R 2 N–P(binol) and are readily accessed by the chlorosilane elimination reaction between R 2 P–SiMe 3 and Cl–P(binol). The crystal structure of i Pr 2 P–P(binol) ( 1 ) has been determined and shows a P–P bond length in the normal range. The solution reactions of 1 have been investigated, principally by 31 P NMR spectroscopy which has revealed that: (a) in contrast to the phosphoramidites, 1 is extremely moisture sensitive; (b) the P–P bond in 1 is cleaved upon reaction with H 2 O, MeOH or mesitol; (c) the P–O bonds in 1 are cleaved upon reaction with pyrrolidine; (d) the integrity of 1 is retained upon coordination to BH 3 or Mo 0 . The crystal structure of cis ‐[Mo(CO) 4 ( 1 ) 2 ] shows that 1 is bound to the Mo at the P(binol) site and the ν CO of 2032 cm ‐1 indicates that 1 has similar ligand properties to a phosphonite.
Single-stage separation and esterification of cation salt carboxylates using electrodeionization (2023)

A method of and apparatus for continuously making an organic ester from a lower alcohol and an organic acid is disclosed. An organic acid or salt is introduced or produced in an electrode ionization (EDI) stack with a plurality of reaction chambers each formed from a porous solid ion exchange resin wafer interleaved between anion exchange membranes or an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane or an anion exchange membrane and a bipolar exchange membranes. At least some reaction chambers are esterification chambers and/or bioreactor chambers and/or chambers containing an organic acid or salt. A lower alcohol in the esterification chamber reacts with an anion to form an organic ester and water with at least some of the water splitting with the ions leaving the chamber to drive the reaction.
A new Savignia from Cretan caves (Araneae: Linyphiidae) (2002)

Savignia naniplopi sp. nov. is described from one male and nine female specimens collected in two adjacent limestone caves in Crete. The taxonomy of the Savignia group of species and the relationships of the new species are discussed.
1.3-µm Pulsed Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked by Purified Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

We demonstrate a novel passively mode-locked fiber laser operating at 1.3µm using purified single-walled carbon nanotubes for the first time. The laser is in a ring configuration with Pr-doped fiber amplifier as the gain medium.
Development of a symptom expectation questionnaire for whiplash injury (2012)

Expectations and beliefs appear to be important predictors of outcome following whiplash injury. Instruments for measuring these expectations in the general population have not been well studied. The objective of this study was to develop a simple symptom expectation questionnaire for whiplash injury for use in future research studies. An existing database of 179 injury-naïve subjects who completed a 56-item checklist of expected symptoms for whiplash injury was analyzed to determine which items could correctly identify an a priori case definition of an expecter (a subject who expected at least one of these symptoms would remain chronic following whiplash injury). A total of seven of the 56 items were found to be discriminatory. The identified, discriminatory items were then tested in additional subject groups against the original questionnaire. From the original database of 179 subjects completing a 56-item symptom expectation checklist, 119 expected at least one of the 56 symptoms would be chronic following whiplash injury. The 119 expecters, however, all chose at least one of seven items: headache, anxious or worried, depressed, neck pain, problems sleeping, back pain, or jaw pain. Using these seven items, in two new groups of subjects given the 56-item symptom expectation checklist and then a new shortened (7-item) symptom expectation checklist one week later (and the same done for another group of 100 subjects in reverse order), all those who endorsed one of the 56 symptoms as likely to be chronic following whiplash injury (expecters) could also be identified on the 7-item checklist. A shortened (7-item) symptom expectation checklist of commonly reported symptoms following whiplash injury (headache, anxious or worried, depressed, neck pain, problems sleeping, back pain, and jaw pain) correctly identifies subjects who expect at least one symptom will be chronic following minor head injury (i.e., an expecter). This shortened (7-item) symptom expectation checklist can be used in future population-based studies to understand the prevalence of belief patterns and expectations for whiplash injury.
&lt;title&gt;Near-infrared wavemeter based on an array of polycrystalline Ge-on-Si photodetectors&lt;/title&gt; (2000)

We report on a novel solid state wavelength meter in the near infrared. The device is an array of six photodetectors based on polycrystalline germanium film evaporated on a silicon substrate and each element is a wavelength sensitive detector. We describe the design, the fabrication and the characterization of such device and we demonstrate its capability in the measurement of the wavelength of quasi- monochromatic light beams.
Computational Modeling of Flexible Biodegradable Films with Engineered Defects (2020)

A new material model within the peridynamic framework was implemented to study the deformation and failure of flexible biodegradable films with engineered defects. The new approach was demonstrated by performing peridynamic simulations of a structure under tension with a number of defect (slit) configurations. The simulations were first performed without allowing failure in the material to study deformation patterns. The failure patterns were then examined for two different critical stretch values. The effects of horizontal and vertical spacing values separating the slits, and slit arrangements were identified. This study demonstrated the suitability of peridynamic approach for parametric studies of structures with manufactured defects.
ORF3 Protein of Hepatitis E Virus Is Not Required for Replication, Virion Assembly, or Infection of Hepatoma Cells In Vitro (2006)

A subclone of Huh-7 cells that could be relatively efficiently transfected and infected with hepatitis E virus was identified. Following transfection, infectious virus was produced but remained predominantly cell associated. Intracellular virus, recovered by lysis of transfected cells, infected naïve cells. This in vitro-produced virus appeared to be antigenically identical to virus isolated from clinical samples. Lysates from cells transfected with mutant viral genomes unable to synthesize ORF3 protein contained infectious virions that were similar in number, thermostability, and sedimentation characteristics to those in lysates transfected with wild-type viral genomes. Therefore, in contrast to its requirement in vivo, ORF3 protein is not required for infection of Huh-7 cells or production of infectious virus in vitro.
Stage IA2 cervical cancer: Long-term outcomes with less radical as opposed to more radical surgical management. (2016)

e17011 Background: Standard treatment for stage IA2 carcinoma of the cervix consists of modified radical hysterectomy or pelvic radiation. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of less radical surgery (LRS, defined as conization, trachelectomy or simple hysterectomy) with more radical surgery (MRS, defined as modified radical or radical hysterectomy) in young women with stage IA2 cervical cancer. Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we identified women younger than age 45 diagnosed with FIGO stage IA2 squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix between 1998 and 2012. Associated factors and disease-specific survival (DSS) of LRS vs MRS were analyzed. Appropriate univariate and multivariate statistical testing was performed. Results: Of the 1343 women who met inclusion criteria, 872 underwent LRS (conization 24%, trachelectomy 4%, simple hysterectomy 72%) and 471 underwent MRS (modified radical hysterectomy 19%, radical hysterectomy 26%, modified radical/radical hysterectomy 55%). For LRS vs MRS, 80% vs 65% of women had disease of squamous cell histology (p < .001), 30% vs 94% underwent regional lymphadenectomy (p < .001), and 2% vs 4% had positive lymph nodes (p = .04). Median age, race, marital status, and SEER region did not differ significantly between the two groups. Those with adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, or grade 3 disease were more likely to undergo MRS than LRS (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.29-2.34; OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.31-4.37; OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.15-2.92). With a median follow-up of 110 months (range, 0-179), 10-year DSS for LRS vs MRS was 98.3% vs 98.2% (SE ± 0.5, 0.7; p = .87). Lymph node positivity was the only factor independently associated with DSS (HR 11.63, 95% CI 2.08-65.23). When stratified by histologic subtype, DSS for LRS vs MRS was as follows: squamous cell, 98.5% vs 97.6% (SE ± 0.5, 0.1; p = .69); adenocarcinoma, 97.7% vs 100% (SE ± 1.7, 0.0; p = .20); and adenosquamous carcinoma, 93.8% vs 96.3% (SE ± 6.1, 3.6; p = .87). Conclusions: In young women with stage IA2 cervical cancer, treatment with conization, trachelectomy, or simple hysterectomy does not appear to compromise DSS.
Arylamide Derivatives as Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of Calmodulin (2005)

[structure: see text] Many peptides bind to calmodulin (CaM) in a helical conformation. Here we describe a group of synthetic inhibitors of CaM based on an arylamide scaffold that is intended to mimic smMLCK, a CaM-binding helical peptide. Compound 1 showed a K(i) value of 7.10 +/- 1.48 nM in a fluorescence polarization assay that monitors the strong association of CaM and its peptide ligand mastoparan X. ((1)H,(15)N)-HSQC NMR spectroscopy experiments suggested that 1 binds to CaM in an analogous fashion to that of smMLCK.
Functional analysis of mononuclear cells infiltrating into tumors. VI. The effect of lymphocyte chemotactic factors on lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (1992)

We have analyzed mechanisms controlling infiltration of T lymphocytes into tumor tissues. A lymphocyte chemotactic factor-b (LMF-b) produced by tumor infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes was purified. LMB-b was specifically chemotactic for CD8+ T lymphocyte. Furthermore, LMF-b augmented lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial venule (HEV) cells. The binding of CD8+ T cells to HEV cells was specifically augmented by LMF-b. The LMF-b primarily acted on T lymphocytes, whereas tumor necrosis factor as well as IFN-gamma acted on HEV cells or fibroblast cells. The binding of lymphocytes to fibroblast cell line was not augmented by LMF-b. The augmentation of lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by LMF-b was mediated by the lymphocyte function associated antigen-1/intercellular adhesion molecule (LFA-1/ICAM) pathway, the CD2/LFA-3 pathway, and the very late antigen-4/culture supernatant-1 (VLA-4/CS-1) pathway.
Rotary inchworm-type piezoelectric actuator. (1990)

The authors have developed a rotary inchworm-type actuator which has a rotor directly driven by a stator, and can operate both clockwise and counterclockwise with potential good repeatability
Potential applications of noise radar technology and related waveform diversity (2016)

The advantages of Noise Radar Technology over more conventional radars using deterministic, although sophisticated, waveforms are twofold: Low Probability of Interception/Exploitation of radar signals and mitigation of mutual interference in marine crowded environments. In this frame, the potential applications of Noise Radar Technology are many: two of them are considered in some detail, i. e. battlefield radar and marine radar. Key elements of the design of the transmitted waveforms in both applications are discussed.
Performance Assessment of a Low Temperature Polymer Conductor for Lead-Free Soldering Processes (2014)

An increased interest in low temperature polymer thick film products has become apparent due to the rise of the printed electronics market. The specifications for these products are becoming more demanding with expectations that the low temperature products should perform at a level that is typically reserved for their high temperature counterparts; including solderability with lead free solders, high reliability and strong adhesion. Traditionally, it has only been possible to use leaded solders for soldering to polymer based thick film conductors. Over the last 15 years environmental concerns and legislation have pushed the industry towards a lead free approach. The shift to lead free solders, while beneficial, provides new challenges during processing. The high temperatures required for a lead-free soldering process yield a naturally harsher environment for polymer thick film pastes. In the past these conditions have proven too harsh for the pastes to survive. The polymer thick film discussed in this document aims to address some of these concerns for a highly reliable and easy to process polymer thick film paste. Due to the poor leaching characteristics of polymer thick films, at elevated temperatures, the predecessors of this paste typically soldered at low temperatures with leaded solders. The goal of this paper is to present a low temperature paste that is compatible with a variety of substrates and readily accepts lead-free solder. This paper will discuss a newly formulated low temperature curing (150°C – 200°C) RoHS and REACH compliant paste that shows excellent solderability with SAC305 solder. The paste was evaluated using a dip soldering method at 235°C–250°C on a variety of substrates. The data presented includes solder acceptance, adhesion data, thermal analysis and SEM analysis.
Multiwavelength picosecond frequency-shifted feedback laser with pulse control by a shaped-gain fiber amplifier (1998)

Stable generation of multiwavelength picosecond pulses by a frequency-shifted laser is demonstrated. Pulses are reliably trapped by gain variations provided by a low-extinction transmission filter. Pulses with close parameters are obtained despite considerable difference in amplifier gain at the pulse train wavelengths owing to a strong gain-equalization mechanism provided by the frequency-shifted feedback.
Numerical spurious solutions in the effective mass approximation (2003)

We have characterized a class of spurious solutions that appears when using the finite difference method to solve the effective mass approximation equations. We find that the behavior of these solutions as predicted by our model shows excellent agreement with numerical results. Using this interpretation we find a set of analytical expressions for conditions that the Luttinger parameters must satisfy to avoid spurious solutions. Finally, we use these conditions to check commonly used sets of parameters for their potential for generating this class of spurious solutions.
XB&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;/italic&gt; barrier photodetectors based on InAsSb with high operating temperatures (2011)

We demonstrate the suppression of the bulk generation-recombination current in nBn devices based on an InAsSb active layer (AL) and a AlSbAs barrier layer (BL). This leads to much lower dark currents than in conventional InAsSb photodiodes operating at the same temperature. When the BL is p-type, very high doping must be used in the AL (nBpn+). This results in a significant shortening of the device cutoff wavelength due to the Moss-Burstein effect. For an n-type BL, low AL doping can be used (nBnn), yielding a cutoff wavelength of ∼4.1 μm and a dark current close to ∼3 × 10−7 A/cm2 at 150 K. Such a device with a 4-μm-thick AL will exhibit a quantum efficiency (QE) of 70% and background-limited performance operation up to 160 K at f/3. We have made nBnn focal plane array detectors (FPAs) with a 320 × 256 format and a 1.3-μm-thick AL. These FPAs have a 35% QE and a noise equivalent temperature difference of 16 mK at 150 K and f/3. The high performance of our nBnn detectors is closely related to the high quality of the molecular beam epitaxy grown InAsSb AL material. On the basis of the temperature dependence of the diffusion limited dark current, we estimate a minority carrier lifetime of ∼670 ns.
Strain variation, based on the hemagglutinin gene, in Norwegian ISA virus isolates collected from 1987 to 2001: indications of recombination (2001)

Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is caused by a virus that probably belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae and was first recorded in Norway in 1984. The disease has since spread along the Norwegian coast and has later been found in Canada, Scotland, the Faroe Islands, Chile, and the USA. This study presents sequence variation of the hemagglutinin gene from 37 ISA virus isolates, viz. one isolate from Scotland, one from Canada and 35 from Norway. The hemagglutinin gene contains a highly polymorphic region (HPR), which together with the rest of the gene sequence provides a good tool for studies of epizootics. The gene shows temporal and geographical sequence variation, where certain areas are dominated by distinct groups of isolates. Evidence of transmission of ISA virus isolates within and between regions is given. It is suggested that the hemagglutinin gene from different isolates may recombine. Possible recombination sites are found within the HPR and in the 5'-end flanking region close to the HPR.
Abstract 549: Alternative Splicing of Fibronectin Regulates Extracellular Matrix Composition of the Inflamed Arterial Wall (2019)

Exposure of the arterial endothelium to low and disturbed flow is a risk factor for the erosion and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and aneurysms. Circulating and locally produced proteins are known to contribute to an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) composition at the site of lesions, and to contribute to inflammatory processes within the lesions by altering the sub-endothelial matrix. We have previously shown that immune-cell regulated alternative splicing of Fibronectin (FN) protects against flow-induced hemorrhage. Here, we perform quantitative proteomic analysis of enriched ECM preparations from murine carotid arteries exposed to low and disturbed flow in vivo and examine serum derived and endothelial cell contributions to the sub-endothelial matrix in vitro. We identify 92 differentially expressed ECM proteins in vivo under disturbed flow conditions, and define a subset of blood derived contributions to the ECM in vitro . We find that mice deficient in the production of FN splice isoforms containing alternative exons EIIIA and EIIIB exhibit flow-induced differences in carotid artery ECM composition. One of the most interesting differences was in the recruitment of Fibulin-1, abundant in blood and not locally produced in the intima (P=0.04 low flow vs. control, P=0.09 FN-EIIIAB-/- vs FN-EIIIAB+/-). This defect was validated in our in vitro assay, where Fibulin-1 recruitment from serum was impaired (P=0.002 in FN-EIIIAB-/- endothelial cells vs FN-EIIIAB+/-endothelial cells). Fibulin1 and FN fibrils co-localize in vitro , where inhibition of FN fibrillogenesis suppressed Fibulin1 recruitment. Our results reveal the extent of the dynamic alterations in extracellular matrix composition in the acute response to low and disturbed flow, and show how changes in the splicing of FN, a common response in vascular inflammation and remodeling, affects matrix composition. Whether FN-mediated recruitment of Fibulin-1, a circulating matrix protein required for the integrity of developing vasculature, may help stabilize the arterial intima and prevent hemorrhage in atherogenesis is the subject of ongoing investigation.
P4‐061: Amyloid deposition disrupts local and distant glucose metabolism (2015)

Current models of preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) predict that cerebral amyloid deposition precedes metabolic disruption and is one of the causative mechanisms of neural dysfunction. Congruently, previous work has demonstrated a robust negative relationship between amyloid burden and glucose metabolism. However, those studies were largely cross-sectional and only considered univariate relationships. Thus, the dynamics across time and across many brain regions was obscured. This work uses both cross sectional and longitudinal data in a multivariate model to examine the effect of amyloid on glucose metabolism. We analyzed PIB and FDG topographies from participants in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (DIAN) study. We leverage canonical correlation, a multivariate statistical technique, which identifies linear combinations of variables (PIB topographies) that are maximally correlated with other linear combinations of variables (FDG topographies). This allows for the testing of two hypotheses: 1) amyloid reduces glucose metabolism only in the areas directly affected by amyloid and 2) amyloid is capable of disrupting brain function in remote areas not directly affected by amyloid. We investigated these hypotheses both coincident in time and using longitudinal data. A significant negative canonical correlation exists between PIB and FDG in mutation carriers. The correlated PIB and FDG topographies overlap but substantial divergences are also present. Using the longitudinal data it is possible to attribute a direction to the correlation and the dominant direction was amyloid effecting glucose metabolism although the opposite direction was also observed. Further, the identified topographies are biologically meaningful because the data projected onto the calculated topographies were highly related to the estimated years until disease onset, a quantity predicted based on family history. Notably, these relationships were absent in siblings not carrying the genetic mutations. These results suggest that amyloid deposition exerts both a local and distributed effect on glucose metabolism. The local component is easily explained by the toxic effect of amyloid species, however the distributed component requires a different explanation.