gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of three-dimensional joint space of the tibiofemoral joint (2013)

The purpose of this study was to quantify in vivo the differences in knee joint space volume between upright, weightbearing and supine, non-weightbearing conditions using C-arm computed tomography (CT) with sub-millimeter voxel size. Three volunteers were scanned while lying supine and while standing using a C-arm CT scanner. Using tantalum fiducial markers, patients' involuntary motion-induced artifacts were corrected in 3D. Point clouds of the femur and tibia in standing and supine reconstructions were automatically segmented. The tibia in standing reconstruction was registered to that in supine reconstruction using a rigid body transformation. Joint space width (JSW) was then compared under weightbearing and non-weightbearing. A pixel-wise JSW was measured as the shortest Euclidean distance between each pixel on the tibial plateau and the femoral condyles. A comparison of joint space parameters (minimum (JSWmin), mean (JSWmean), and volume (JSV)) under weightbearing to non-weightbearing conditions was made. Our results demonstrate that the relative joint space of the medial and lateral compartments between weightbearing and non-weightbearing were different in the three subjects. In general, JSWmin, JSWmean, and JSV decreased as loads were applied. Given an applied load, JSWmin decreased by up to 1.44 mm and 1.34 mm in the medial and lateral compartments, respectively, and specific regions with most narrow JSW were concentrated more locally. The maximum decrease in JSV due to weightbearing was 21.4 % and 14.9 % for the medial and lateral compartments, respectively. In conclusion, a C-arm CT system can be used to provide measurements of 3D joint space under loaded conditions. 2D scanning might lead to inaccurate diagnosis about knee cartilage health.
Metastatic Ductal Breast Carcinoma Manifested as Carcinoma Erysipelatoides, Simulating Stewart-Treves Syndrome (2006)

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX Abstracts Presented at the 9th ISDP Joint Meeting, San Francisco, California, March 1–2, 2006
Corrosion Products Formed on Silver After a One-Month Exposure to Urban Atmospheres (2006)

Silver plates were exposed to an urban atmosphere for one month to investigate the corrosion products formed in the early stages. After the exposure experiments, the corrosion products on the silver plates were characterized using x-ray techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). The XRD patterns of the corrosion products on silver revealed that both silver chloride (AgCl) and silver sulfide (Ag2S) formed. The diffraction peaks originating from AgCl were much stronger than those of Ag2S; therefore, AgCl was predominant in the corrosion products observed on the outdoor-exposed silver. The chlorine that formed the AgCl originated primarily from sea-salt aerosols. The seasonal differences in the AgCl intensities in the XRD pattern could be observed. However, there was almost no difference in the Ag2S intensities. This was due to the low sea-salt concentrations and relative humidity during winter. Only Ag2S formed on the indoor-exposed silver. The absence of AgCl peaks in the XRD patterns indicated that the sea-salt concentrations were quite low in the indoor exposure site. Silver was found to be sensitive to the chloride in sea-salt aerosol and reduced sulfurous gases.
Identification of Physiological Traits Underlying Cultivar Differences in Drought Tolerance in Rice and Wheat (2008)

Abstract Rice is used as a model cereal to study drought response at the molecular level, with the goal of applying results to other cereals. To assess the relevance of results from rice to other species, the kinetics of drought development and plant response of tolerant and susceptible tropical rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and subtropical wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were compared under vegetative and reproductive stage drought in pot experiments. Water was withheld during reproductive stage until plant available soil moisture content was 30 % of field capacity (FC) or leaf wilting was observed, and then reapplied. Rice reached 30 % FC 9 days after withholding water and wheat after 13 days. Before rewatering, both species reached leaf water potentials of −12 bars and similarly low transpiration rates. Stress reduced leaf relative water content, leaf elongation and membrane stability. When water stress was imposed during reproductive stage, pollen fertility was most affected in wheat, while panicle exsertion and anther dehiscence were severely affected in rice. When water stress was imposed during vegetative stage, wheat was less affected to vegetative stage drought than rice. The nature of differences between tolerant and susceptible cultivars was similar for the two species. However, the differential growth habitats and growth rate of plants needs to be considered in these kinds of experiments.
Geochemical data from the Ebberston 87 Core (Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire, UK) (2011)

The Ebberston 87 Core, drilled in the Cleveland Basin (Yorkshire, UK), was sampled between the Pectinatus wheatleyensis and Pectinatus pectinatus ammonite zones (Tithonian, Late Jurassic). 116 samples were analysed for total organic carbon, total carbon, major and trace element contents (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, V, U, Zn, Zr) and organic carbon isotopes. A subset of 50 samples were analysed for further trace element contents (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Re, Sb, U, V, Zn and Zr), sulphur contents and mercury (Hg) contents.
Faster than real-time dynamic simulation for large-size power system with detailed dynamic models using high-performance computing platform (2017)

This paper presents a faster-than-real-time dynamic simulation software package that is designed for large-size power system dynamic simulation. It was developed on the GridPACK <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">™</sup> high-performance computing (HPC) framework. The key features of the developed software package include (1) faster-than-real-time dynamic simulation for a WECC system (17,000 buses) with different types of detailed generator, controller, and relay dynamic models, (2) a decoupled parallel dynamic simulation algorithm with optimized computation architecture to better leverage HPC resources and technologies, (3) options for HPC-based linear and iterative solvers, (4) hidden HPC details, such as data communication and distribution, to enable development centered on mathematical models and algorithms rather than on computational details for power system researchers, and (5) easy integration of new dynamic models and related algorithms into the software package.
How it all starts: Initiation of the clotting cascade (2015)

The plasma coagulation system in mammalian blood consists of a cascade of enzyme activation events in which serine proteases activate the proteins (proenzymes and procofactors) in the next step of the cascade via limited proteolysis. The ultimate outcome is the polymerization of fibrin and the activation of platelets, leading to a blood clot. This process is protective, as it prevents excessive blood loss following injury (normal hemostasis). Unfortunately, the blood clotting system can also lead to unwanted blood clots inside blood vessels (pathologic thrombosis), which is a leading cause of disability and death in the developed world. There are two main mechanisms for triggering the blood clotting, termed the tissue factor pathway and the contact pathway. Only one of these pathways (the tissue factor pathway) functions in normal hemostasis. Both pathways, however, are thought to contribute to thrombosis. An emerging concept is that the contact pathway functions in host pathogen defenses. This review focuses on how the initiation phase of the blood clotting cascade is regulated in both pathways, with a discussion of the contributions of these pathways to hemostasis versus thrombosis.
A Novel Microcontroller for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel microcontroller for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a prototype model, a 100-W-class module-integrated converter composed of the proposed controller and a flyback inverter has been built and tested. The prototype model is designed to satisfy the Japanese grid-connection guideline. Basic functions as those of a grid-connected PV inverter, such as the maximum-power-point tracking and the anti-islanding protection, have been confirmed in the experiments using a distribution network simulator located in a laboratory. This paper presents the description of the controller and the experimental results. A microcontroller has been developed with a 50-MHz-class microcomputer and simple interfaces. By revising the program, the proposed controller can be applied to various types of PV systems or grid-connected equipment
Heuristic Radio Resource Management for Massive MIMO in Satellite Broadband Communication Networks (2021)

The advent of technologies allowing the implementation of flexible satellite payloads is opening up great opportunities to efficiently cope with non-uniform traffic conditions. The latter is one of the “crux” of modern satellite broadband access service economic provision. In this paper we derive affordable (linear) complexity radio resource management (RRM) techniques for satellite multi-beam broadband communication networks that are closely approaching the optimum solution which has an exponential complexity with the number of users. The proposed heuristic RRM solution is applied to the most demanding Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M-MIMO) case. It is shown that the low-complexity payload pragmatic M-MIMO solution combined with heuristic RRM is able to efficiently cope with very different traffic conditions with a small penalty in terms of throughput compared to the much more complex ideal Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) M-MIMO adopting the same RRM algorithm. Instead, the pragmatic M-MIMO with heuristic RRM is outperforming MMSE M-MIMO exploiting simple RRM.
Spontaneous presence of FOXO3-specific T cells in cancer patients (2014)

In the present study, we describe forkhead box O3 (FOXO3)-specific, cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells existent among peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cancer patients. FOXO3 immunogenicity appears specific, as we did not detect reactivity toward FOXO3 among T cells in healthy individuals. FOXO3 may naturally serve as a target antigen for tumor-reactive T cells as it is frequently over-expressed in cancer cells. In addition, expression of FOXO3 plays a critical role in immunosuppression mediated by tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs). Indeed, FOXO3-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were able to specifically recognize and kill both FOXO3-expressing cancer cells as well as dendritic cells. Thus, FOXO3 was processed and presented by HLA-A2 on the cell surface of both immune cells and cancer cells. As FOXO3 programs TADCs to become tolerogenic, FOXO3 signaling thereby comprises a significant immunosuppressive mechanism, such that FOXO3 targeting by means of specific T cells is an attractive clinical therapy to boost anticancer immunity. In addition, the natural occurrence of FOXO3-specific CTLs in the periphery suggests that these T cells hold a function in the complex network of immune regulation in cancer patients.
How Macrophages are Converted to Foam Cells (2012)

pathogens. Accordingly, in vitro experiments have shown that LPS from Chlamydia pneumoniae and also from several periodontal pathogens is able to convert macrophages to foam cells in the presence of human LDL 5, 6) . The finding by Nicolaou et al. 1) that lipid body formation within macrophages in response to LPS is enhanced by adding LDL to the culture medium further supports this interpretation. Phagocytosis of pathogens bound to lipoproteins also explains why LDL becomes oxidized, since macrophages inactivate phagocytosed pathogens by producing oxygen radical species, promoting LDL oxidation 7) .
Structures rigides soumises aux avalanches et chutes de blocs : modélisation du comportement mécanique et caractérisation de l'interaction "phénomène-ouvrage" (2004)

This thesis considers natural hazards such as snow avalanches and rock falls from a civil engineering point of view. Computational tools henceforth exist to simulate adequately the behaviour of complex structures subjected to dynamic loadings. In this context, impacts on a rock shed are modelled by means of a damage model for concrete coupled with an explicit time integration "finite element" tool. This approach is then used to analyse damages induced by an avalanche on deflective walls. Its relevance is clearly highlighted for natural hazards. However and prior to apply these powerful tools to engineering practices, simplified methods have still to be developed, as well as a better understanding of the phenomenon action is required. This last topic is studied through new experiments aiming at characterizing action of avalanche through the back-analysis of metallic microstructures behaviour. / Cette thèse aborde les phénomènes gravitaires rapides, avalanches et chutes de blocs, sous l'angle du génie-civil: des moyens existent désormais pour simuler le comportement de structures complexes soumises à des sollicitations dynamiques. Ainsi, la chute de blocs sur une dalle est modélisée grâce à un modèle d'endommagement pour le béton dans un code "éléments finis" selon un schéma d'intégration temporel explicite. Ce même outil est ensuite utilisé pour mener l'expertise numérique de la destruction de dents déflectrices paravalanches. Les résultats confirment le potentiel de cette approche numérique pour le domaine des risques naturels. Pourtant et avant une application opérationnelle, des méthodes simplifiées doivent être encore développées et la sollicitation mieux connue. Ainsi, l'interaction "phénomèneouvrage" est finalement étudiée grâce à de nouvelles expérimentations qui caractérisent l'avalanche par analyse en retour du comportement de microstructures métalliques.
Patient engagement in cancer care: A focus group study on their physicians (2023)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
Moisture-absorption-induced permittivity deterioration and surface roughness enhancement of lanthanum oxide films on silicon (2006)

Effects of moisture absorption on permittivity and surface roughness of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) films were investigated. It was found that the moisture absorption deteriorates the permittivity (k) of La2O3 films on silicon because of the formation of hexagonal La(OH)3 with a low permittivity after films were exposed to the air. Therefore, the moisture absorption should be a very possible reason for the permittivity variation of La2O3 film in literatures reported, so far. Furthermore, a roughness enhancement was also observed after La2O3 films were exposed to the air for several hours. This observation should be another concern of hygroscopic La2O3 film application.
Laser Ultrasonics at 20 m/s in the production environment and on a budget: from dream to reality (2006)

A laser-based ultrasonic system for non-contact and non-destructive measurement of the elastic properties of paper was demonstrated on a paper manufacturing machine during commercial operation with paper moving around 20 m/s. We believe this to be the highest sample traveling speed reported to date for a commercial application of laser ultrasonics. Ultrasonic waves were generated in the paper with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength and detected with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer coupled with a scanning mirror/timing system to compensate for paper motion. Measurements of the flexural rigidity (FR) and out-of-plane shear rigidity (SR) of the paper web were done automatically by fitting the frequency dependence of the phase velocity of Ao mode Lamb waves to a model wave propagation equation. Variation in FR and SR across the width of the paper sheet (cross-direction profiles), effects of changes in paper manufacturing process variables on measured FR and SR, comparisons with traditional mechanical stiffness tests are presented. The sensor head is fully optical and thus measures the web properties without any contact. This laser-ultrasonics system combines a very reasonable cost with a relatively small footprint and low power consumption due to the low power output of the lasers that are used. Finally, laboratory data indicate that this technology is directly transferable to measurements on sheet metals and possibly other opaque web materials
Data from Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor-Inducible 14 Expression Levels Promote Glioma Cell Invasion via Rac1 and Nuclear Factor-κB and Correlate with Poor Patient Outcome (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Glial tumors progress to malignant grades by heightened proliferation and relentless dispersion throughout the central nervous system. Understanding genetic and biochemical processes that foster these behaviors is likely to reveal specific and effective targets for therapeutic intervention. Our current report shows that the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is expressed at high levels in migrating glioma cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and invading glioma cells &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Forced Fn14 overexpression stimulates glioma cell migration and invasion, and depletion of Rac1 by small interfering RNA inhibits this cellular response. Activation of Fn14 signaling by the ligand TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) stimulates migration and up-regulates expression of Fn14; this TWEAK effect requires Rac1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. The Fn14 promoter region contains NF-κB binding sites, which mediate positive feedback causing sustained overexpression of Fn14 and enduring glioma cell invasion. Furthermore, &lt;i&gt;Fn14&lt;/i&gt; gene expression levels increase with glioma grade and inversely correlate with patient survival. These results show that the Fn14 cascade operates as a positive feedback mechanism for elevated and sustained Fn14 expression. Such a feedback loop argues for aggressive targeting of the Fn14 axis as a unique and specific driver of glioma malignant behavior. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9535-42)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia in Small Rodents from Areas of Low Endemicity for Brazilian Spotted Fever in the Eastern Region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2013)

We investigated the humoral immune response against different species of Rickettsia in serum samples from small rodents collected in two areas of a silent focus for Brazilian spotted fever in the eastern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Sera samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay using antigens from Rickettsia species of the spotted fever, ancestral, and transition groups. Titers ≥ 1:64 were considered positive. In Santa Cruz do Escalvado, 94% (30 of 32) of the samples collected from Rattus rattus, 22% (5 of 23) from Nectomys squamipes, and 80% (4 of 5) from Akodon sp., reacted by indirect immunofluorescence assay with Rickettsia antigens of the spotted fever group. In the municipality of Pingo D'Água, 84% (26 of 31) of the samples collected from R. rattus, 86% (6 of 7) of the samples from Oryzomys subflavus, 86% (6 of 7) from N. squamipes, and 100% (1 of 1) from Bolomys sp. contained antibodies that reacted with rickettsial antigens of the spotted fever group. These results demonstrated the previous exposure of small rodents to spotted fever group Rickettsia, suggesting the participation of these animals in the natural history of these rickettsiae in this region.
COVID‐19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (2020)

Clinicians caring for patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 should consider invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and subject respiratory samples to comprehensive analysis to detect co-infection.
Simulation of x-ray resist line edge profiles (1978)

X-ray resist line edge profiles are explored as a function of exposure, mask, and resist properties. The study is based on an exposure-scission and development-etching model of positive resists. Development rate curves for two actual and three hypothetical resists are used. The simulation is implemented by using a string of points to follow the contour of the developer–resist interface as a function of development time. Control of the resist profile suitable for liftoff of 0.4-μm lines is explored in the context of low flux levels for a high throughput production environment. High aspect ratio lines (3:1) and profiles degradation due to mask edge effects for Alkα and CuL exposures are considered.
In vivo speciation studies and antioxidant properties of bromine in Laminaria digitata reinforce the significance of iodine accumulation for kelps (2013)

The metabolism of bromine in marine brown algae remains poorly understood. This contrasts with the recent finding that the accumulation of iodide in the brown alga Laminaria serves the provision of an inorganic antioxidant - the first case documented from a living system. The aim of this study was to use an interdisciplinary array of techniques to study the chemical speciation, transformation, and function of bromine in Laminaria and to investigate the link between bromine and iodine metabolism, in particular in the antioxidant context. First, bromine and iodine levels in different Laminaria tissues were compared by inductively coupled plasma MS. Using in vivo X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it was found that, similarly to iodine, bromine is predominantly present in this alga in the form of bromide, albeit at lower concentrations, and that it shows similar behaviour upon oxidative stress. However, from a thermodynamic and kinetic standpoint, supported by in vitro and reconstituted in vivo assays, bromide is less suitable than iodide as an antioxidant against most reactive oxygen species except superoxide, possibly explaining why kelps prefer to accumulate iodide. This constitutes the first-ever study exploring the potential antioxidant function of bromide in a living system and other potential physiological roles. Given the tissue-specific differences observed in the content and speciation of bromine, it is concluded that the bromide uptake mechanism is different from the vanadium iodoperoxidase-mediated uptake of iodide in L. digitata and that its function is likely to be complementary to the iodide antioxidant system for detoxifying superoxide.