gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermally compensated inductive deformation sensor – Mathematical background and practical implementation (2022)

The article presents theoretical background and experimental verification of thermal compensation method of inductive displacement sensor. This sensor has the form of single-layer, coreless coil which is the inductance of a resonant LC circuit. Change of coil length causes change in oscillation frequency of Colpitts oscillator. Influence of the sensor temperature on the circuit oscillation frequency was significantly reduced. This was achieved by using the dependence of the sensor resistance on its temperature in a specially modified resonant circuit. The circuit was mathematically modeled. The detectors were made of various metals and their theoretical thermal characteristics were compared with the experimental ones. The sensor has successfully been used for years in rock samples’ deformations measurements during the compressibility test, at hydrostatic pressure up to 400 MPa with temperature changes of several dozen degrees. It replaced resistance strain gauges and LVDT sensors, that were unreliable at high pressures.
Modeling of nonlinear guided waves and applications to structural health monitoring (2012)

Research efforts on nonlinear guided wave propagation have increased dramatically in the last few decades because of the large sensitivity of nonlinear waves to structural condition (defects, quasi-static loads, instability conditions, etc...). However, the mathematical framework governing the nonlinear guided wave phenomena becomes extremely challenging in the case of waveguides that are complex in either materials (damping, anisotropy, heterogeneous, etc...) or geometry (multilayers, geometric periodicity, etc…). The present work develops predictions of nonlinear second-harmonic generation in complex waveguides by extending the classical Semi-Analytical Finite Element formulation to the nonlinear regime, and implementing it into a highly flexible, yet very powerful, commercial Finite Element code. Results are presented for the following cases: a railroad track, a viscoelastic plate, a composite quasi-isotropic laminate, and a reinforced concrete slab. In these cases, favorable combinations of primary wave modes and resonant double-harmonic nonlinear wave modes are identified. Knowledge of such combinations is important to the implementation of structural monitoring systems for these structures based on higher-harmonic wave generation. The presentation will also present a specific application of nonlinear guided waves for the monitoring of thermal stresses in rail tracks to prevent buckling.
PROGRAMMING BY EXAMPLE FOR THE CASUAL USER: A CASE STUDY (1981)

One way of giving casual users access to some of the power of a computer without the need to learn formal programming methods, is to allow complex tasks to be defined extensively by example, rather than intensively by a procedural specification. This paper studies the extent to which iterative computations on an electronic calculator can be inferred interactively from an initial part of the sequence of key-presses, using techniques of non-deterministic structural identification of behaviour sequences. The aim is to construct an interactive device which is partially self-programming. Despite the fact that the device has no prior knowledge of the syntax or semantics of the dialogue, it is remarkably successful. Several short, repetitive calculator problems have been analysed. Even in a mixed sequence, over 75% of the dialogue elements were predicted, with an error rate of between 0.5% and 1.5%. However, casual users have not yet been exposed to the scheme.
Simultaneous Mosaicing and Tracking with an Event Camera (2014)

An event camera is a silicon retina which outputs not a sequence of video frames like a standard camera, but a stream of asynchronous spikes, each with pixel location, sign and precise timing, indicating when individual pixels record a threshold log intensity change. By encoding only image change, it offers the potential to transmit the information in a standard video but at vastly reduced bitrate, and with huge added advantages of very high dynamic range and temporal resolution. However, event data calls for new algorithms, and in particular we believe that algorithms which incrementally estimate global scene models are best placed to take full advantages of its properties. Here, we show for the first time that an event stream, with no additional sensing, can be used to track accurate camera rotation while building a persistent and high quality mosaic of a scene which is super-resolution accurate and has high dynamic range. Our method involves parallel camera rotation tracking and template reconstruction from estimated gradients, both operating on an event-by-event basis and based on probabilistic filtering.
An Analytical Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (1975)

A scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) with a field emission gun has been developed for quantitative microanalysis. The high brightness source combined with X-ray analysis, electron diffraction and electron energy loss analysis provides a technique of microanalysis from regions of thin specimens as small as a few hundred angstroms. The electron optical lay-out of this microscope is shown in Figure 1. A triode field-emission gun is mounted in a U HV chamber with mu-metal walls for screening. The gun which can be operated at up to 100kV provides a virtual source; the position of this source is largely independent of the ratio of the acceleration voltage to extraction voltage.
Nanoscale Perovskite‐Sensitized Solar Cell Revisited: Dye‐Cell or Perovskite‐Cell? (2020)

A general and straightforward way of preparing few-nanometer-sized well-separated MAPbI<sub>x</sub> Br<sub>3-x</sub> (MA=methylammonium) perovskite photosensitizers on the surface of an approximately 1 μm thick mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> photoanode was suggested through a two-step sequential deposition of low-concentrated lead halides (0.10-0.30 m PbI<sub>2</sub> or PbBr<sub>2</sub> ) and methylammonium iodide/bromide (MAI/MABr). When those nanoscale MAPbI<sub>x</sub> Br<sub>3-x</sub> perovskites were incorporated as a photosensitizer in typical solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ss-DSSCs), it could be verified clearly by the capacitance analysis that nano-particulate MAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites play the same role as that of a typical dye sensitizer (MK-2 molecule) although their size, composition, and structure are different.
Pyrene-Dihydrophenazine Bis(Radical Cation) in a Singlet Ground State (2009)

A new pyrene-dihydrophenazine dyad was prepared. Oxidation of the neutral species produced a bis(radical cation) species, which was characterized by the absorptions of their component radical cations in the visible region. A thermally accessible triplet state was observed in the ESR measurement in frozen n-PrCN. The energy gap between the singlet and triplet states was determined to be 2J/k(B) = -36 +/- 3 K.
Derivation of Contractile Smooth Muscle Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play a key role in vascular physiology and pathology. An appreciation of normal SMCs developmental mechanisms will likely lead to a better understanding of disease processes and potentially to novel treatment strategies. We present a method for generating relatively pure populations of SMCs from embryonic stem cells (ESC) which display appropriate excitation and contractile responses to vasoactive agonists. We also present protocols for assessment of SMCs purity and identity by immunofluorescence, quantitative RT-PCR, and FACS. This ESC-based system has tremendous potential for studying developmental regulation of SMC lineage, as well as for possible SMC tissue engineering.
Aspects of three-dimensional chromosome reorganization during the onset of human male meiotic prophase (1998)

The three-dimensional morphology and distribution of human chromosomes 3 were studied in nuclei of spermatogonia and spermatocytes I from formaldehyde-fixed human testis sections. Chromosome arms, pericentromeres and telomeric regions were painted by a three-color, five-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol. Light optical serial sections of premeiotic and meiotic nuclei obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that premeiotic chromosomes 3 are separate from each other and occupy variably shaped territories, which are sectored in distinct 3 p- and q-arm domains. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the painted chromosome domains by a Voronoi tessellation approach showed that mean chromosome volumes did not differ significantly among the premeiotic and meiotic stages investigated. A significant increase in surface area and reduction of dimensionless 'roundness factor' estimates of arm domains indicated that the restructuring of spatially separate chromosome territories initiates during preleptotene. Telomeric regions, which in meiotic stem cells located predominantly in arm-domain chromatin, showed a redistribution towards the domain surface during this stage. At leptotene homologues were generally misaligned and displayed intimate intermingling of non-homologous chromatin. Pairing initiated at the ends of bent zygotene chromosomes, which displayed a complex surface structure with discernible sister chromatids. The results indicate that, in mammals, homology search is executed during leptotene, after remodeling of chromosome territories.
The Diagnosis of Emphysema (2015)

To assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of emphysema, we performed CT on 32 patients prior to surgery for removal of suspected tumors. The CT scans were assessed visually for emphysema by 2 independent radiologists and 1 chest physician. Intraobserver and interobserver variation were assessed. Pathologic emphysema was graded on the resected lung specimens. These grades were correlated with the CT scores and with pulmonary function tests obtained prior to surgery. Significant correlation was found between the pathologic grade on resected lung specimens and the preoperative CT score of both the resected lobe (r ≥ 0.57, p < 0.001) and the whole lung (r ≥ 0.63, p < 0.001). Compared with pulmonary function tests, CT was a better predictor of emphysema and distinguished patients with moderate emphysema from patients with normal lungs. We conclude that CT is a useful adjunct in assessing the presence and severity of emphysema.
Spin Hall effects (2015)

In solid-state materials with strong relativistic spin-orbit coupling, charge currents generate transverse spin currents. The associated spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effects distinguish between charge and spin current where electron charge is a conserved quantity but its spin direction is not. This review provides a theoretical and experimental treatment of this subfield of spintronics, beginning with distinct microscopic mechanisms seen in ferromagnets and concluding with a discussion of optical-, transport-, and magnetization-dynamics-based experiments closely linked to the microscopic and phenomenological theories presented.
Nucleotides. Part XLIV. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of monomeric and trimeric cordycepin‐cholesterol conjugates and inhibition of HIV‐1 replication (1994)

Abstract The antivirally active 3′‐deoxyadenylyl‐(2′–5′)‐3′‐deoxyadenylyl‐(2′–5′)‐3′‐deoxyadenosine (cordycepin trimer core) was modified at the 2′‐ or 5′‐terminus, by attachment of cholesterol via a carbonate bond (→ 15 ) or a succinate linker (→ 16 and 27 ) to improve cell permeability. The corresponding monomeric conjugates 4 , 7 , and 21 of cordycepin were prepared as model substances to study the applicability of the anticipated protecting groups – the monomethoxytrityl (MeOTr), the ( tert ‐butyl)dimethylsilyl (tbds), and the β ‐eliminating 2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethyl (npe) and 2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl (npeoc) groups – for the final deblocking steps without harming the ester bonds of the conjugate trimers. The syntheses were performed in solution using phosphoramidite chemistry. The fully protected trimer conjugates 13 , 14 , and 26 as well as all intermediates were characterized by elemental analyses, UV and 1 H‐NMR spectra. The deblocked conjugates 15 , 16 , and 27 were pure according to HPLC and showed the correct compositions by mass spectra. Comparative biological studies indicated that cordycepincholesterol conjugate trimers 16 and 27 were 333‐ and 1000‐fold, respectively, more potent inhibitors of HIV‐1‐induced syncytia formation than cordycepin trimer core.
Démarche qualité au sein d'un laboratoire de recherche du CNRS: FEMTO-ST (2009)

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Alpha2-adrenergic agonists selectively activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases in Müller cells in vivo. (1998)

Our results indicate that systemically administered alpha2-adrenergic agonists selectively activate ERKs in retinal Müller cells. The induced activation of ERKs in Müller cells is probably one of the early events that result in photoreceptor protection. These results also indicate that Müller cells are unique in response to alpha2-adrenergic agonists and imply a role for Müller cells in alpha2-adrenergic agonist-induced photoreceptor protection.
Immunoglobulin G from Patients with Graves’ Disease Induces Interleukin-16 and RANTES Expression in Cultured Human Thyrocytes: A Putative Mechanism for T-Cell Infiltration of the Thyroid in Autoimmune Disease (2006)

Mechanisms underlying lymphocyte infiltration of the thyroid gland and orbit in Graves' disease (GD) are poorly understood. The IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) is a newly recognized self-antigen that, when activated in GD fibroblasts by IGF-I or GD-IgGs, provokes the expression of IL-16 and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted)-dependent T lymphocyte chemoattraction and hyaluronan synthesis. IL-16 is a CD4(+)-specific ligand, and RANTES is a C-C chemokine. Here we report that IGF-I and GD-IgG could induce IL-16 and RANTES in cultured human thyrocytes in a time-dependent manner. Importantly, human TSH failed to induce either chemoattractant. This induction could be attenuated by dexamethasone. Rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the FRAP/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70(s6k) pathway, prevented GD-IgG-provoked IL-16 synthesis. IH7, a monoclonal antibody directed at IGF-IR also blocked the induction of chemoattraction as well as RANTES mRNA synthesis. Our findings suggest that thyrocytes can be activated by GD-IgG and IGF-I to express powerful T-cell chemoattractants. These actions of GD-IgG appear to be mediated through pathways independent of the TSH receptor. Thus, in GD, thyrocytes may participate directly in lymphocyte recruitment through their expression of IL-16 and RANTES.
Jurassic and Cretaceous Tectonic Evolution of the Demerara Plateau - Implications for South Atlantic Opening (2015)

The Demerara Plateau is located on the northeast South America continental margin between 5° and 10° North, marking the northwest corner of the equatorial segment of the Atlantic Ocean. It is conjugate to the Guinea Plateau on the African margin, which rifted from the Demerara during the Early Cretaceous opening of the Central Atlantic. Published studies of the Demerara Plateau are focused on its Cretaceous history, when the northern edge of the platform was formed by trans-tensional deformation along Atlantic transform faults, and its eastern edge by extensional deformation during rifting. The platform itself is commonly interpreted as a continental block left behind following South Atlantic rifting. Seismic data across the plateau reveal significant compressional deformation beneath an Albian unconformity. We suggest that this deformation is the result of early opening of the South Atlantic, with a rotation pole located close to the present-day Amazon delta. Allowing for this compression in plate reconstructions of the South Atlantic results in restorations which do not require large amounts of intracontinental deformation in South America, and, consequently, in a relatively simple plate model for the South Atlantic.
Clinical implications of intraoperative eABRs to the Evo®-CI electrode array recipients (2021)

Intraoperative evoked auditory brainstem responses can be used to establish audible levels for fitting the sound processor in Evo®-cochlear implant recipients and it could help professionals to plan further actions aiming to improve their auditory performance.
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of the Diagnostic Performance of a Computed Tomographic Examination and the Alvarado Score for Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis (2008)

Clinical assessment using the Alvarado score should be supplemented with CT examination for accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis in all patients who are suspected of acute appendicitis.
Data Supplement from Genomic and Transcriptional Alterations in Lung Adenocarcinoma in Relation to Smoking History (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2. Detailed clinicopathological characteristics of the 1398-sample genomic cohort and all transcriptional adenocarcinoma cohorts with respect to patient smoking history.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 55: Disruption of <i>PCSK9</i> Using a Targeted Base Editing Strategy (2017)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) increases blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by acting as an LDL receptor antagonist, thereby impairing LDL particle clearance. Since genetic disruption of PCSK9 is linked to reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), our recent work has sought to permanently knock out the gene by using new genome editing technology. Recently reported “base editors” introduce point mutations at specific locations in the genome without the need for DNA double-strand breaks and, thus, with a lowered incidence of off-target effects. These base editors build on the CRISPR-Cas9 system by tethering an RNA-editing domain to a nickase version of Cas9, allowing for specific CT and/or GA base alterations. In this study, we used the “BE3” base editor (which uses the APOBEC-1 RNA-editing domain) to specifically target codons encoding tryptophans (TGG) or glutamines (CAG or CAA) to introduce nonsense mutations (producing stop codons TAG, TGA, or TAA) into human PCSK9 . The number of testable targets was increased by introducing specific point mutations into the BE3 construct (D1135V, R1335Q, T1337R in the Cas9 portion of BE3) to alter the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) from NGG to NGA. Using HEK293 cells, we individually targeted a number of codons spanning the first seven exons in PCSK9 and identified several efficient targets. Most notably, the codons encoding glutamine 278 and glutamine 302 could be altered to stop codons in ~50% of alleles, as determined by the CEL-I nuclease mismatch assay and Sanger sequencing. We then targeted glutamine 278 in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and demonstrated base editing to introduce nonsense mutations into PCSK9 , albeit at a lower efficiency than in HEK293 cells. As a next step towards translation to human patients, we are targeting Pcsk9 in the mouse liver in vivo with BE3. Base editing may prove to be an efficient, safer strategy than standard CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and holds promise as a strategy for the prevention of CHD.
Highly air- and moisture-stable hole-doped carbon nanotube films achieved using boron-based oxidant (2017)

Hole doping into carbon nanotubes can be achieved. However, the doped nanotubes usually suffer from the lack of air and moisture stability, thus, they eventually lose their improved electrical properties. Here, we report that a salt of the two-coordinate boron cation Mes2B+ (Mes: 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl group) can serve as an efficient hole-doping reagent to produce nanotubes with markedly high stability in the presence of air and moisture. Upon doping, the resistances of the nanotubes decreased, and these states were maintained for one month in air. The hole-doped nanotube films showed a minimal increase in resistance even upon humidification with a relative humidity of 90%.
Hierarchically Ordered Nanoporous Pd/SBA-15 Catalyst for the Aerobic Selective Oxidation of Sterically Challenging Allylic Alcohols (2013)

The utility of a hierarchically ordered nanoporous SBA-15 architecture, comprising 270 nm macropores and 5 nm mesopores (MM-SBA-15), for the catalytic aerobic selective oxidation of sterically challenging allylic alcohols is shown. Detailed bulk and surface characterization reveals that incorporation of complementary macropores into mesoporous SBA-15 enhances the dispersion of sub 2 nm Pd nanoparticles and thus their degree of surface oxidation. Kinetic profiling reveals a relationship between nanoparticle dispersion and oxidation rate, identifying surface PdO as the catalytically active phase. Hierarchical nanoporous Pd/MM-SBA-15 outperforms mesoporous analogues in allylic alcohol selective oxidation by (i) stabilizing PdO nanoparticles and (ii) dramatically improving in-pore diffusion and access to active sites by sesquiterpenoid substrates such as farnesol and phytol.
Schadensdiagnostik und Bewertung in historischen Gebäuden (2012)

Dieses Kapitel beinhaltet: Hintergrund und Auswahl der untersuchten historischen Gebäude Klimamesstechnik Hygrothermische Rechenverfahren zur Bauwerksdiagnose Das Königshaus am Schachen Schloss Linderhof Renatuskapelle, Lustheim Fazit und Ausblick Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis
Deregulation ofCLN1 andCLN2 in theSaccharomyces cerevisiae whi2 Mutant (1997)

Wild-type cells of the budding yeast Saccharbmyces cerevisiae arrest in G1 upon nutrient exhaustion. Cell cycle arrest requires the WHI2 gene since whi2 mutants continue to divide and become abnormally small as nutrients are depleted. Here we show that CLN1 and CLN2 transcript levels in a whi2 strain are higher during exponential growth, and persist longer upon starvation, than in an isogenic wild-type strain. In contrast to CLN1 and CLN2, CLN3 levels declined only at very high cell density and were unaffected by the whi2 mutation. Elevated CLN expression is sufficient to explain the whi2 phenotype since ectopic expression of CLN1 in a nutrient-depleted culture caused cells to continue dividing and interfered with the acquisition of heat resistance. These observations show that, either directly or indirectly, Whi2 negatively regulates G1 cyclin expression. Interestingly extremely high levels of Cln1 induced filamentous growth upon nutrient deprivation, suggesting a direct connection between G1 cyclin activity and morphological responses to poor nutrient conditions.
More Cleaning, Less Screening: Evaluation of the Time Required for Monitoring versus Performing Environmental Cleaning (2013)

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Functional annotation of the human brain methylome identifies tissue-specific epigenetic variation across brain and blood (2012)

This study reinforces the importance of DNA methylation in regulating cellular phenotype across tissues, and highlights genomic patterns of epigenetic variation across functionally distinct regions of the brain, providing a resource for the epigenetics and neuroscience research communities.