gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Myeloid Cell Modulation of Atherosclerosis (2016)

Inflammation furnishes a series of pathogenic pathways that couple the risk factors for atherosclerosis with altered behavior of the intrinsic cells of the arterial wall, endothelium, and smooth muscle and promote the disease and its complications. Myeloid cells participate critically in all phases of atherosclerosis from initiation through progression, and ultimately the thrombotic consequences of this disease. Foam cells, lipid-laden macrophages, constitute the hallmark of atheromata. Much of the recent expansion in knowledge of the roles of myeloid cells in atherosclerosis revolves around the functional contributions of subsets of monocytes, precursors of macrophages, the most abundant myeloid cells in the atheroma. Proinflammatory monocytes preferentially accumulate in nascent atherosclerotic plaques. The most dramatic manifestations of atherosclerosis result from blood clot formation. Myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and abrupt limb ischemia all arise primarily from thrombi that complicate atherosclerotic plaques. Myeloid cells contribute pivotally to triggering thrombosis, for example, by elaborating enzymes that degrade the plaque's protective extracellular matrix, rendering it fragile, and by producing the potent procoagulant tissue factor. While most attention has focused on mononuclear phagocytes, the participation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes may aggravate local thrombus formation. Existing therapies such as statins may exert some of their protective effects by altering the functions of myeloid cells. The pathways of innate immunity that involve myeloid cells provide a myriad of potential targets for modifying atherosclerosis and its complications, and provide a fertile field for future attempts to address the residual burden of this disease, whose global prevalence is on the rise.
Electronic spectral and magnetic susceptibility studies of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) carboxypeptidase A complexes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic spectral and magnetic susceptibility studies of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) carboxypeptidase A complexesRobert C. Rosenberg, Charles A. Root, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1, 21–26Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00834a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00834a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views535Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of 2‐chlorotrityl resin in solid phase synthesis of (Leu<sup>15</sup>)‐gastrin I and unsulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (1991)

The carboxyl terminal dipeptide amide, Fmoc-Asp-Phe-NH2, of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) has been attached in high yield through its free side chain carboxyl group to the acid labile 2-chlorotrityl resin. The obtained peptide resin ester has been applied in the solid phase synthesis of partially protected (Leu15)-gastrin I utilising Fmoc-amino acids. Quantitative cleavage of this peptide from resin, with the t-butyl type side chain protection intact is achieved using mixtures of acetic acid/trifluoroethanol/dichloromethane. Under the same conditions complete detritylation of the tyrosine phenoxy function occurs simultaneously. Thus, the solid-phase synthesis of peptides selectively deprotected at the side chain of tyrosine is rendered possible by the use of 2-chlorotrityl resin and Fmoc-Tyr(Trt)-OH. The efficiency of this approach has been proved by the subsequent high-yield synthesis of three model peptides and the CCK-octapeptide.
Characterization of Endothelin Isoforms in Human Heart: Endothelin-2 Demonstrated (1993)

In humans, three endothelin (ET) isoforms are predicted to exist by analysis of genomic DNA. However, evidence for the presence of all three mature ET peptides and their precursors remains unclear. Our aim was to identify the ET isoforms present in human heart, using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Antisera raised against the ET-1[15-21] terminal sequence were specific for mature ETs, showing no cross-reactivity with their precursor pro-ETs. Antisera raised against the pro-ET-1[31-38] terminal sequence was specific for pro-ET-1, showing no cross-reactivity with other ET peptides. In extracts of human cardiac tissues, the concentrations of immunoreactive (IR) mature ET and pro-ET-1 were found to be as follows: left atrium (n = 3): 282.3 +/- 113.0, 21.9 +/- 11.0, respectively; right atrium (n = 5): 308.3 +/- 95.4, 43.1 +/- 12.8, respectively; left ventricle (n = 6): 218.5 +/- 64.6, 47.9 +/- 11.9, respectively; right ventricle (n = 4): 215.1 +/- 79.8, 53.9 +/- 13.0, respectively (fmol/g wet weight, mean +/- SEM, for total IR mature ET and pro-ET-1, respectively). RP-HPLC showed peaks of immunoreactivity that coeluted with authentic ET-1 in all extracts of human left atria and ventricle tested. In addition, peaks were also present corresponding to ET-2, ET-3, and pro-ET-1. These results suggest that in addition to ET-1 and pro-ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3 are present in the human heart.
Initial Public Health Laboratory Response After Hurricane Maria — Puerto Rico, 2017 (2018)

Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017, causing major damage to infrastructure and severely limiting access to potable water, electric power, transportation, and communications. Public services that were affected included operations of the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDOH), which provides critical laboratory testing and surveillance for diseases and other health hazards. PRDOH requested assistance from CDC for the restoration of laboratory infrastructure, surveillance capacity, and diagnostic testing for selected priority diseases, including influenza, rabies, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and tuberculosis. PRDOH, CDC, and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) collaborated to conduct rapid needs assessments and, with assistance from the CDC Foundation, implement a temporary transport system for shipping samples from Puerto Rico to the continental United States for surveillance and diagnostic and confirmatory testing. This report describes the initial laboratory emergency response and engagement efforts among federal, state, and nongovernmental partners to reestablish public health laboratory services severely affected by Hurricane Maria. The implementation of a sample transport system allowed Puerto Rico to reinitiate priority infectious disease surveillance and laboratory testing for patient and public health interventions, while awaiting the rebuilding and reinstatement of PRDOH laboratory services.
Investigation of active antenna arrays at 60 GHz (1995)

There has been a significant effort to develop millimeter-wave active-array antennas for communications and radar applications. A dielectric waveguide is a promising medium for this application. However, the integration of active devices, transmission media, and antennas has been difficult to achieve. This paper presents the first successful demonstration of a phase locked array of millimeter wave grating surface emitters (MMWGSE). We discuss three aspects of MMWGSE: (1) The achievement of an optically steered millimeter wave grating surface emitter. (2) The demonstration of a frequency locked array of millimeter wave grating surface emitters. (3) Rigorous analytical studies of efficiently coupling power from a millimeter wave semiconductor device, to a waveguide which incorporates grating surface emitters. This work leads to a full monolithic array using pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT)-devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reversed-Phase Capillary Liquid Chromatography Coupled On-Line to Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassays (2000)

Capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) was coupled on-line to competitive capillary electrophoresis immunoassay (CEIA) to improve concentration sensitivity of the competitive CEIA and to provide a means for detecting multiple species that cross-react with antibody. A competitive CEIA for glucagon was used for demonstration of this technique. Five-microliter samples were injected onto a 4-cm-long by 50-micron-i.d. RPLC column. Sample was desorbed by gradient elution, mixed on-line with fluorescently labeled glucagon and anti-glucagon, incubated in a continuous-flow reaction capillary, and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with flow-gated injection and laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoretic analysis of the reactor stream was performed every 1.5 s, allowing nearly continuous monitoring of the RPLC separation. Preconcentration achieved by RPLC allowed improvement in the detection limit from 760 to 20 pM. Addition of the RPLC column also allowed multiple cross-reactive species to be differentiated by first separating them chromatographically and then detecting them with the immunoassay. The technique was used to measure glucagon secretion from single islets of Langerhans and to differentiate cross-reactive forms of glucagon with one assay.
Fabrication and measurement of millimeter-wave on-chip MIMO antenna for CMOS RFIC's (2016)

This paper presents a compact on-chip MIMO antenna design. The proposed structure consists of one folded monopole antenna operating as main antenna and one IFA antenna serving as the diversity antenna. Antenna ground is formed by connecting the idle space in the pad ring area with the ground pads and the ground plane of the circuit. The proposed antenna is fabricated with standard CMOS process. Measurement results show that the input reflection coefficient of the main antenna is lower than -10dB from 56GHz to 65GHz, covering all four channels of the WiGig standard. The diversity antenna operates in the 56 ~ 61GHz frequency range. -20dB isolation between antennas is achieved. The peak broadside gains of the main antenna and diversity antenna at 60GHz are -3.8dB and -6.1dB respectively. The simulated correlation coefficient between the main antenna and diversity antenna is smaller than 0.2 from 56GHz to 64GHz.
Cooperative relative robot localization with audible acoustic sensing (2005)

We describe a method for estimating the relative poses of a team of mobile robots using only acoustic sensing. The relative distances and bearing angles of the robots are estimated using the time of arrival of audible sound signals on stereo microphones. The robots emit specially designed sound waveforms that simultaneously enable robot identification and time of arrival estimation. These acoustic observations are then combined with odometry to update a belief state describing the positions and heading angles of all the robots. To efficiently resolve the ambiguity in the heading angle of the observing robot as well as the back-front ambiguity of the observed robot, we employ a Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (RBPF) where the distribution over heading angles is represented by a discrete set of particles, and the uncertainty in the translational positions conditioned on each of these particles is described by a Gaussian. This approach combines the representational accuracy of conventional particle filters with the efficiency of Kalman filter updates in modeling the pose distribution over a number of robots. We demonstrate how the RBPF can quickly resolve uncertainties in the binaural acoustic measurements and yield a globally consistent pose estimate. Simulations as well as an experimental implementation on robots with generic sound hardware illustrate the accuracy and the convergence of the resulting pose estimates.
The Advance of Personalized and Stratified Therapies in Bronchial Asthma: Phenotypes - Endotypes - Biomarkers. (2013)

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory condition with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. BA is currently the most prevalent chronic disease in pediatric patients. The majority of BA patients are therapeutically well controlled with guideline based anti-inflammatory therapies; however, there is also a clinically recognized proportion of patients who do not benefit from currently available medication for several reasons. This is the starting point for further investigation into the complexity of the inflammatory phenotype of BA. Recently, the heterogeneity in terms of cellular and molecular pathways underlying BA has been recognized and established. These different pathogenic mechanisms are defined as 'endotypes'. The best studied endotype so far is the association with T-helper type 2 (TH2) cell eosinophilic airway inflammation. Recently, a number of different therapeutic strategies have been clinically explored which target certain mediators of this pathway, including the interleukins IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. It is now clear that patients with the TH2-endotype largely benefit from novel biologicals in this area. However, the challenge for diagnostics is to identify patients exhibiting this endotype, and this is the starting point for the search for new biomarkers. One biomarker that has recently been selected based on differential gene expression analysis, and which seems to be strongly associated with the TH2 endotype, is periostin. In this article we will provide a state of the art update on the definition of clinical phenotypes, pathogenetic endotypes and biomarker development for improving BA treatment.
Toward integrating overlay and physical networks for robust parallel processing architecture (2014)

Recently, much research attention is being paid toward the wide-area parallel processing architectures whereby all the network devices in the entire network execute the processing function in order to shorten the completion time of big data mining tasks. Despite some advancement, such architectures still suffer from physical network failures, which lead to critical service unavailability. As a remedy to this problem, an overlay-based parallel processing architecture, where nodes manage each other by employing the overlay network, can achieve higher service availability against small-scale failures. However, the overlay-based parallel processing architecture is not capable of providing data mining services in case large-scale network failures disrupt the overlay network. To deal with this issue, our article introduces a design methodology of an overlay-based parallel processing architecture based on integration of overlay and physical networks. Additionally, we introduce basic principles based on the design methodology. Through numerical calculation, we evaluate the effectiveness of an integration approach on the performance of parallel data processing in terms of higher service availability against physical network failures while minimizing traffic load.
Human-centered Steer-by-Wire design: Steering wheel dynamics should be task dependent (2012)

Steer-by-Wire (SbW) systems currently under development by the automotive industry offer interesting new approaches to designing driver-steering wheel interactions. The traditional, emerging dynamics in mechanically linked steering systems can be re-designed with SbW to improve or even extend the steering `feel'. In this article we manipulated the steering wheel dynamics such that each design was expected to yield the best driving performance with the least amount of driver control effort for a particular driving task. We tested three designs during three different driving tasks in a fixed-base driving simulator. The results of the experiment showed that steering wheel dynamics should be stiff and sluggish for driving on straight roads and slack and light for curve negotiation. Future experiments will investigate the implications for drivers on a neuromuscular level.
Solid oxide membrane technology for environmentally sound production of titanium (2008)

Despite its attractive properties, titanium is limited in use by its high price, due to the cost of smelting and processing the ore. The solid oxide membrane (SOM) process aims to consolidate most of the processing steps required for conventional titanium production into a single step, making it an energy efficient and cost effective method for producing CP billet and ingot and possibly also powders used to make titanium alloys. In the SOM process experiment, a steel crucible contains MgF2–CaF2–TiO2 flux; an inert metal/carbon rod serves as the cathode; an oxygen ion conducting yttrium stabilised zirconia (YSZ) membrane in the form of a one end closed tube contains either a liquid metal that acts as the anode or a liquid MgF2–CaF2 ionic flux that connects the YSZ membrane to an anode. During electrolysis, titanium ions are reduced at the cathode while the oxygen ions pass through the YSZ membrane and are oxidised at the anode by a reducing agent, hydrogen gas or carbon, forming steam or CO(g) respectively. To date, a suitable MgF2–CaF2–TiO2 flux has been selected and an optimum operating temperature has been determined. Several electrolysis experiments have been performed. As expected, lower valence deposits of titanium oxides have been witnessed at the cathode before depositing pure titanium. Continuing work will aim to extend the electrolysis time to pass enough charge to produce a significant amount (100 g) of titanium at the cathode.
Massive intracardiac thromboembolism following spinal surgery (2014)

A 71-year-old female with scoliosis and multiple laminectomies underwent C3-5 laminectomy with root decompression for bilateral lower extremity pain and weakness. Four days after discharge, while recovering at a skilled nursing facility, she developed vague chest pain and presented to her orthopaedic surgeon's office who referred her immediately to the emergency department (ED) for suspected pulmonary embolism. Upon presentation to the ED, she transiently required respiratory support with face mask …
Spin excitations in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>BaFe</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.84</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Co</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.16</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>As</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>superconductor observed by inelastic neutron scattering (2009)

Superconductivity appears to compete against the spin-density wave in Fe pnictides. However, optimally cobalt-doped samples show a quasi-two-dimensional spin excitation centered at the (0.5, 0.5, $L$) wave vector, ``the spin-resonance peak,'' which is strongly tied to the onset of superconductivity. By inelastic neutron scattering on single crystals we show the similarities and differences of the spin excitations in ${\text{BaFe}}_{1.84}{\text{Co}}_{0.16}{\text{As}}_{2}$ with respect to the spin excitations in the high-temperature superconducting cuprates. As in the cuprates, the resonance occurs as an enhancement to a part of the spin-excitation spectrum, which extends to higher-energy transfer and higher temperature. However, unlike in the cuprates, the resonance peak in this compound is asymmetric in energy.
Efficient query reformulation in peer data management systems (2004)

Peer data management systems (PDMS) offer a flexible architecture for decentralized data sharing. In a PDMS, every peer is associated with a schema that represents the peer's domain of interest, and semantic relationships between peers are provided locally between pairs (or small sets) of peers. By traversing semantic paths of mappings, a query over one peer can obtain relevant data from any reachable peer in the network. Semantic paths are traversed by reformulating queries at a peer into queries on its neighbors.Naively following semantic paths is highly inefficient in practice. We describe several techniques for optimizing the reformulation process in a PDMS and validate their effectiveness using real-life data sets. In particular, we develop techniques for pruning paths in the reformulation process and for minimizing the reformulated queries as they are created. In addition, we consider the effect of the strategy we use to search through the space of reformulations. Finally, we show that pre-computing semantic paths in a PDMS can greatly improve the efficiency of the reformulation process. Together, all of these techniques form a basis for scalable query reformulation in PDMS.To enable our optimizations, we developed practical algorithms, of independent interest, for checking containment and minimization of XML queries, and for composing XML mappings.
Influence of Both Catalyst Geometry and Fuel Sulfur Content on NOX Adsorber Poisoning (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;NOx adsorbers are very sensitive to sulfur poisoning and future fuel standards are unlikely to be sufficient to prevent the system from requiring periodic desulfation procedures. The purpose of this paper is to present the effects of low fuel sulfur content such as 50 ppm and 10 ppm on the NOx adsorber efficiency for a diesel application. Through this study, the influence of the substrate cell geometry has also been assessed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The use of a 10 ppm sulfur fuel is not enough to maintain, at a high level, the NOx adsorber performance during a 40,000 km aging test. The desulfation criterion (efficiency loss of 30%) is reached after the first 16,000 km. However, the desulfation operation is not enough to recover the initial catalyst performance and the poisoning velocity increases as the catalyst ages.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The hexagonal cell substrate catalyst is less sensitive to sulfur poisoning than a square cell substrate catalyst so that its desulfation frequency is much lower. With a 10 ppm sulfur fuel, 4 desulfation operations were achieved with a hexagonal cell catalyst as opposed to 11 with a square cell catalyst during the 40,000 km aging test.&lt;/div&gt;