gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O-GlcNAcylation Negatively Regulates Cardiomyogenic Fate in Adult Mouse Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2015)

In both preclinical and clinical studies, cell transplantation of several cell types is used to promote repair of damaged organs and tissues. Nevertheless, despite the widespread use of such strategies, there remains little understanding of how the efficacy of cell therapy is regulated. We showed previously that augmentation of a unique, metabolically derived stress signal (i.e., O-GlcNAc) improves survival of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells; however, it is not known whether enhancing O-GlcNAcylation affects lineage commitment or other aspects of cell competency. In this study, we assessed the role of O-GlcNAc in differentiation of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells. Exposure of these cells to routine differentiation protocols in culture increased markers of the cardiomyogenic lineage such as Nkx2.5 and connexin 40, and augmented the abundance of transcripts associated with endothelial and fibroblast cell fates. Differentiation significantly decreased the abundance of O-GlcNAcylated proteins. To determine if O-GlcNAc is involved in stromal cell differentiation, O-GlcNAcylation was increased pharmacologically during the differentiation protocol. Although elevated O-GlcNAc levels did not significantly affect fibroblast and endothelial marker expression, acquisition of cardiomyocyte markers was limited. In addition, increasing O-GlcNAcylation further elevated smooth muscle actin expression. In addition to lineage commitment, we also evaluated proliferation and migration, and found that increasing O-GlcNAcylation did not significantly affect either; however, we found that O-GlcNAc transferase--the protein responsible for adding O-GlcNAc to proteins--is at least partially required for maintaining cellular proliferative and migratory capacities. We conclude that O-GlcNAcylation contributes significantly to cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell lineage and function. O-GlcNAcylation and pathological conditions that may affect O-GlcNAc levels (such as diabetes) should be considered carefully in the context of cardiac cell therapy.
Organic Synthesis in Water/Carbon Dioxide Microemulsions (1999)

Nucleophilic substitution reactions were performed in H2O/CO2 (w/c) microemulsions formed with an anionic perfluoropolyether ammonium carboxylate (PFPE COO-NH4+) surfactant. These reactions between hydrophilic nucleophiles and hydrophobic substrates were accomplished in an environmentally benign microemulsion without requiring toxic organic solvents or phase transfer catalysts. For the synthesis of benzyl bromide from benzyl chloride and KBr, the yield was an order of magnitude higher in w/c microemulsions versus conventional water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions. Benzoyl chloride and p-nitrophenyl chloroformate were hydrolyzed in w/c microemulsions with rate constants an order of magnitude faster than those in w/o microemulsions.
Network-based Analysis of Genome Wide Association Data Provides Novel Candidate Genes for Lipid and Lipoprotein Traits (2013)

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) identify susceptibility loci for complex traits, but do not identify particular genes of interest. Integration of functional and network information may help in overcoming this limitation and identifying new susceptibility loci. Using GWAS and comorbidity data, we present a network-based approach to predict candidate genes for lipid and lipoprotein traits. We apply a prediction pipeline incorporating interactome, co-expression, and comorbidity data to Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC) GWAS for four traits of interest, identifying phenotypically coherent modules. These modules provide insights regarding gene involvement in complex phenotypes with multiple susceptibility alleles and low effect sizes. To experimentally test our predictions, we selected four candidate genes and genotyped representative SNPs in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort. We found significant associations with LDL-C and total-cholesterol levels for a synonymous SNP (rs234706) in the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene (p = 1 × 10(-5) and adjusted-p = 0.013, respectively). Further, liver samples taken from 206 patients revealed that patients with the minor allele of rs234706 had significant dysregulation of CBS (p = 0.04). Despite the known biological role of CBS in lipid metabolism, SNPs within the locus have not yet been identified in GWAS of lipoprotein traits. Thus, the GWAS-based Comorbidity Module (GCM) approach identifies candidate genes missed by GWAS studies, serving as a broadly applicable tool for the investigation of other complex disease phenotypes.
Can friction improve mouse-based text selection? (2009)

Text selection via caret positioning is a common task in modern word processing interfaces. It is a difficult task as target size - the distance between characters - is very small. We adapt Baudisch's snap-and-go technique for target acquisition to insert additional motor space at such targets when the mouse is decelerating. This increases the size of the target in motor space, thus potentially reducing the difficulty of text selection tasks. We expand this idea by introducing the concept of context-sensitive friction to improve target acquisition for common targets. We performed two pilot studies and a controlled user study to evaluate the new techniques. Our results indicate that selectively introducing friction into the interface can reduce total task time in common text selection tasks.
Respiratory sensation and pattern of respiratory muscle activation during diaphragm fatigue (1988)

We have examined the relationship between respiratory effort sensation (modified Borg scale) and amplitude of the integrated surface electromyogram of the diaphragm (Edi, esophageal electrode), rib cage muscles (Erc), and sternomastoid muscle (Esm) during the development of diaphragm fatigue in five normal subjects. Three conditions were studied: run A: transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), 65% Pdimax; esophageal pressure (Pes), 60% Pesmax; run B: Pdi, 50% Pdimax; Pes, 60% Pesmax; and run C: Pdi, 50% Pdimax; Pes, 20% Pesmax. During all runs there was a progressive rise in sensation, which was greater in runs A and B than in run C (P less than 0.05, analysis of variance). There was no difference between runs A and B. At the end of run C subjects did not report a maximal Borg score despite their inability to generate the target Pdi. The increase in sensory score with fatigue correlated highly with Esm/Esmmax and with Erc/Ercmax. There was no correlation between sensory score and Edi/Edimax. We conclude that the increase in respiratory effort sensation that accompanies diaphragm fatigue is not due to perception of increased diaphragmatic activation. It may reflect increased overall respiratory motor output not directed to the diaphragm.
&lt;b&gt;CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK 33) CAN STIMULATE PANCREATIC SECRETION BY A LOCAL INTESTINAL MECHANISM IN THE &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;PIG &lt;/b&gt; (1993)

A possible stimulatory action of cholecystokinin (CCP) on the exocrine pancreas, indirectly exerted by reflexes initiated by an intraduodenal action of the hormone, was examined in 7 anaesthetised pigs. Catheters were inserted into the gastro-duodenal artery and the jugular vein for CCP administration, into the portal vein for blood sampling and into the pancreatic duct for juice collection. Two doses of CCP 33 (13 and 130 pmol/kg) were injected peripherally into the jugular vein or locally into the gastro-duodenal artery with the cranial pancreatico-duodenal artery temporally ligated, so that the CCP injected did not directly reach the pancreas. No secretory response was obtained after the peripheral intravenous injection of the low dose of CCP 33 (13 pmol/kg)
Intracellular Localization of Heat Shock Proteins in Maize (1987)

The intracellular distribution of the maize root heat shock proteins (hsp) was studied as a step toward understanding their physiological function. Linear sucrose density centrifugation was employed to separate organelles so the relative quantities of hsp in different subcellular compartments could be analyzed in a single preparation. Gradient fractions were assayed for the presence of hsp by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and for marker enzyme activities. Analyses of 15 to 60% gradients showed five hsp to be organelle associated. Hsp 25 and 72 were in fractions containing closely equilibrating Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum marker activities, while hsp 18, 29, and 72 were in fractions containing overlapping plasma membrane, mitochondria, and glyoxysomal marker activities. Hsp larger than 72 kilodaltons were not present in gradient fractions. A second fractionation scheme achieved better separation of the two sets of closely equilibrating organelles. When a 13,000g centrifugation step to remove mitochondria was employed prior to gradient centrifugation, hsp 29 was absent from the gradient fractions. If the buoyant density of the endoplasmic reticulum was shifted by either maintaining the ribosomes on the membrane or removing them, a corresponding shift in the equilibrium positions of hsp 25 and 72 occurred. Hsp 18 and 70 remained in plasma membrane-containing fractions irrespective of these treatments.
Continous-wave lasing operation of 1.3-μm wavelength InP-based photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers using MOVPE regrowth (2020)

We report on electrically driven InP-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), which possess a deep-air-hole photonic crystal (PC) structure underneath an active region formed by metal-organic vapor-phase-epitaxial (MOVPE) regrowth. Single-mode continuous-wave (CW) lasing operation in 1.3-μm wavelength is successfully achieved at a temperature of 15°C. It is shown that the enhancement of lateral growth during the MOVPE regrowth process of air holes enables the formation of deep air holes with an atomically flat and thin overlayer, whose thickness is less than 100 nm. A threshold current of 120 mA (threshold current density = 0.68 kA/cm<sup>2</sup>) is obtained in a device with a diameter of 150 μm. A doughnut-like far-field pattern with the narrow beam divergence of less than 1° is observed. Strong optical confinement in the PC structure is revealed from measurements of the photonic band structure, and this strong optical confinement leads to the single-mode CW lasing operation with a low threshold current density.
Expression Pattern of Caspase 2 in Korean Gastric Cancers (2003)

Purpose: Caspase 2, a member of the family of ICE-like proteases, is activated by the Fas pathway and induces apoptosis by triggering the caspase cascade. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the expression pattern of caspase 2 might be associated with gastric cancer development and if so, to determine to which pathologic parameter it is linked. Materials and Methods: For the construction of the gastric cancer tissue microarray, 78 paraffin-embedded tissues containing gastric cancer areas were cored 3 times and transferred to the recipient master block. The expression pattern of caspase 2 was examined on tissue microarray slides by using immunohistochemistry and was compared with pathologic parameters, including histologic type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and peritoneal dissemination. Results: Caspase 2 was expressed on superficial and foveolar epithelial cells and lymphocytes in the gastric mucosa, mainly in cytoplasm. We found loss of caspase 2 expression in 41 () of the 78 gastric cancer tissues. Statistically, histologic type and other pathologic parameters were not related with loss of caspase 2 expression Conclusion: Our findings provide enough evidence that loss of caspase 2 expression may contribute to the development of Korean gastric cancer and that it might be one of the possible escape mechanisms from apoptosis in gastric cancer.
Photodiode Response in a CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$/CH$_3$NH$_3$SnI$_3$ Heterojunction (2016)

Since the discovery of its photovoltaic properties organometallic salt CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ became the subject of vivid interest. The material exhibits high light conversion efficiency, it lases in red color, and it can serve as the basis for light emitting diodes and photodetectors. Here we report another surprising feature of this material family, the photo-tunability of the diode response of a heterojunction made of CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ and its close relative, CH$_3$NH$_3$SnI$_3$. In the dark state the device behaves as a diode, with the Sn homologue acting as the "p" side. The junction is extremely sensitive to illumination. A complete reversal of the diode polarity, the first observation of its kind, is seen when the junction is exposed to red laser light of 25 mW/cm$^2$ or larger power density. This finding opens up the possibility for a novel class of opto-electronic devices.
Nanocages of layered BN: Super-high-pressure nanocells for formation of solid nitrogen (2002)

We observed high N contents inside BN fullerenelike multilayered nanocages (ca. 30–100 nm) formed by reacting CNx nanotubes (x⩽0.1) and B2O3 in a N2 atmosphere at 1985–2113 K. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy, energy dispersion x-ray spectroscopy, electron diffraction analysis, spatially resolved energy-filtered TEM, and in situ TEM electron irradiation studies suggest that super-high pressures (of several GPa) are generated inside nanocages, responsible of crystallizing gaseous nitrogen trapped within the BN shells. In addition, high-pressure-induced phase transformation of graphiticlike BN into diamondlike cubic BN occurs inside the nanocages. Thus, BN nanocages play an unusual role of super-high-pressure nanocells.
Large-scale cognitive cellular systems: resource management overview (2015)

This article presents recent advancements in resource management for large-scale DSA systems. Although the problem of spectrum and power allocation is well addressed in the literature, the need for more efficient algorithms still persists due to the exponential growth of the number of wireless devices. Thus, developing efficient distributed approaches has become an attractive solution that can follow the systems' rapid growth. Despite the number of economicdriven methods that have been presented, such as game theoretic solutions, these methods still rely on excessive information exchange, which results in high delays. Inspired by the success of behavioral techniques, mainly learning and filtering approaches, applications of these techniques to spectrum management have attracted more interest due to their distributivity and minimal requirements of information exchange.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐ and 3‐Haloalkoxy Fischer Carbene Complexes of Chromium as Synthons for Either Hydroxycyclopropanation or Oxaspirocyclopropanation of Alkenes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neurosurgical treatment of bipolar depression: defining treatment resistance and identifying surgical targets (2010)

A surgical intervention for bipolar depression would not only be a proof of concept regarding disease modeling but also an important and novel treatment avenue for individuals affected by bipolar depression.
Aluminium depletion in FeCrAlY steel during transitional alumina formation (2005)

Fecralloy foil specimens of 50 mu m thickness have been oxidised isothermally in air, using thermobalances, at both 900 and 925 degrees C for exposure periods up to 70 hours. The oxidation kinetics, determined from the mass gain measurements, show the expected very rapid initial rates, associated with transitional oxide formation, but these rates decrease to low values as alpha-alumina forms. It is estimated that the extent of this conversion is significant after approximately 10 hours at 925 degrees C and after 30 hours at 900 degrees C. These kinetics, in each case, could be fitted to a hyperbolic function which was used to generate input data for the 2-dimensional ODIN finite-difference code. This code was then used to predict aluminium depletion profiles in the specimens as a function of time and temperature, both under planar surfaces and at 2-dimensional corners. It was predicted that depletion at corners would be worse than under planar surfaces but that this difference would reduce with increasing exposure time. The predictions were found to be in satisfactory agreement with experimental measurements of the depletion profile using SEM/EDX.
Density of trap states in organic photovoltaic materials from LESR studies of carrier recombination kinetics (2011)

The density of trap states in donor/acceptor blends of organic photovoltaic materials is obtained from photogenerated charge-carrier recombination kinetics observed by light-induced electron spin resonance (LESR) at different temperatures. The method, based on an inversion calculation, is applied to experimental LESR data from two P3AT-PCBM blend films with different kinetic behavior, deriving density-of-states profiles and values of the trap depths in agreement with previous literature results obtained using other techniques.
Efficient heterogeneous catalysis by pendant metalloporphyrin-functionalized polythiophenes for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (2020)

Pendant metalloporphyrin-functionalized polythiophenes serve as efficient catalysts for the practical heterogeneous electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide under ambient conditions in aqueous media.
Supplementary Data from Dysregulation of Glutamate Transport Enhances Treg Function That Promotes VEGF Blockade Resistance in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl Materials and Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Microfluidic Solvent Extraction of Copper for Mineral Processing (2009)

Solvent extraction of copper has been explored in a microfluidic chip (μSX). The transfer efficiency and rate of phase separation in μSX were compared to that achieved using conventional methods (bulk dispersion) both with and without fine silica particles present. Using the microfluidic approach, transfer efficiency was comparable to that achieved in conventional extraction. Phase separation is slow or totally arrested in bulk extraction, while instantaneous phase separation was achieved in μSX, even at high particle concentrations.
Log-normal durations can give long range dependence (2003)

Size distributions for internet connections are fit using a novel visualization.While no standard distribution is exactly right, both heavy tail Pareto and light tail log-normal distributions appear sensible in the tails.As noted by Downey (2000), goodness of fit of the log-normal raises interesting questions about the widely accepted view of internet traffic, that only heavy tailed duration distributions lead to long range dependence.Some nonstandard mathematical analysis reveals that both tail distributions are actually consistent with long range dependence, because with appropriate choice of parameters a system with log-normal durations can have correlation consistent with long range dependence over a wide range of lags.
Predicting reactor biomass concentration in a fluidized-bed system (1981)

A new fluidized-bed process for wastewater treatment is an adaptation of the fixed-film biological reactor. As part of a development and demonstration program, a number of pilot plants and treatibility units have been designed and built for operation in the U.S., Canada, and other countries. The principal advantage of the fluidized-bed process is a reduction in reactor size caused by the development of high concentrations of biomass. By development of a hydraulic model for the fluidized-bed reactor on the basis of the principles of liquid-solid fluidization, a theoretical value for the reactor biomass concentration may be determined. A design basis for the system may then be formulated by combining the hydraulic model with a model for the biofilm kinetics. This paper presents information on the development of a hydraulic model for the system and reports on the results of applying the model to predict the biomass concentration observed during operation of two of the pilot plants. One of the pilot plants is a 0.37-m/sup 2/ (4-sq ft) rectangular fluidized-bed reactor 4.4m (14.5 ft) high, which is located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, treating high-strength carbohydrate wastewater. The other pilot is a 2.22-m/sup 2/ (24-sq ft) rectangular reactor 4.4m (14.5 ft) high,more » which is located in Orillia, Ontario, Canada, treating primary municipal wastewater.« less
Deformational Plagiocephaly, Brachycephaly, and Scaphocephaly. Part I (2010)

Cranial deformation is the most common cause of abnormal head shape. Intentional and unintentional alterations of cranial form are associated with the application of external pressure to the growing infant head, and such changes have been recorded throughout man's history. Recent changes in Western sleeping practices, instituted to reduce the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome, have led to a dramatic rise in the incidence of cranial deformation and renewed interest in this subject. This 2-part review presents a pragmatic clinical approach to this topic including a critical review of the literature as it applies to each aspect of this common diagnosis: historical perspective, terminology, differential diagnosis, etiopathogenesis and predisposing factors, and prevention and treatment.
Point cloud subjective evaluation methodology based on reconstructed surfaces (2018)

Point clouds have been gaining importance as a solution to the problem of efficient representation of 3D geometric and visual information. They are commonly represented by large amounts of data, and compression schemes are important for their manipulation transmission and storing. However, the selection of appropriate compression schemes requires effective quality evaluation. In this work a subjective quality evaluation of point clouds using a surface representation is analyzed. Using a set of point cloud data objects encoded with the popular octree pruning method with different qualities, a subjective evaluation was designed. The point cloud geometry was presented to observers in the form of a movie showing the 3D Poisson reconstructed surface without textural information with the point of view changing in time. Subjective evaluations were performed in three different laboratories. Scores obtained from each test were correlated and no statistical differences were observed. Scores were also correlated with previous subjective tests and a good correlation was obtained when compared with mesh rendering in 2D monitors. Moreover, the results were correlated with state of the art point cloud objective metrics revealing poor correlation. Likewise, the correlation with a subjective test using a different representation of the point cloud data also showed poor correlation. These results suggest the need for more reliable objective quality metrics and further studies on adequate point cloud data representations.