gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometric feature extraction from 2D laser range data for mobile robot navigation (2015)

Feature extraction and segmentation obviously play an utmost important role in autonomous mobile robot localization and navigation. In this paper we discuss some line segmentation and feature extraction algorithms and proposed an adaptive feature extraction algorithm for 2D laser range data. Features in indoor environments that are considered in this paper can be described as two geometric primitives: line segments which represent the walls, and corners. Segmentation process estimates the line segments belong to the walls and which represent the same object have been grouped together. Intersecting points of the line segments, called corners are treated as landmarks. Some segmentation algorithms are implemented and tested using laser range data captured in different environments and the effectiveness of them is analyzed. Finally, a better adaptive feature extraction and segmentation algorithm which generates a line map of an unstructured environment is proposed.
Islet Amyloid and Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Cynomolgus Macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>): An Animal Model of Human Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1996)

To further characterize spontaneous diabetes mellitus in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) as a model for human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we evaluated the morphologic characteristics of the endocrine pancreas of 4 diabetic and 12 age-matched nondiabetic cynomolgus macaques. In addition, the cDNA-predicted amino acid sequence for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) of this species was determined. Islet amyloid deposits exhibiting typical congophilia and green birefringence were found in 4/4 diabetic animals and in 8/12 nondiabetics. Islet amyloid deposits were significantly more extensive in the diabetic macaques (P = 0.001), in which they occupied a mean of 60% of the islet area. In contrast, in the nondiabetic group the maximum islet area occupied by amyloid was 24% (group mean = 6.8%), with four animals having no detectable islet amyloid. Amyloid deposits consistently showed immunoreactivity for IAPP but not for insulin. Comparisons between group means for diabetic versus nondiabetic macaques showed significantly greater islet area (P = 0.01, 85,390 versus 36,540 microns 2) and significantly greater islet area fraction (P = 0.02, 0.065 versus 0.032) for the diabetic group. The cDNA-predicted amino acid sequence for cynomolgus IAPP was identical to that previously reported for pig-tail macaques (M. nemestrina) and had 92%, 86%, and 84% amino acid sequence identity with human, domestic cat, and murine IAPPs, respectively. These findings support the use of cynomolgus macaques as an animal model of human NIDDM.
Capacity of Drilled Shafts in Burlington Limestone (2002)

Field load tests of three drilled shafts socketed in Burlington limestone were conducted using the Osterberg load cell. The objective of the testing was to compare the load capacities obtained from the field load tests with load capacities predicted using empirical methods. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn. The observed values of unit side resistance exceeded predicted empirical values for two of the three shafts tested (2,343 and 2,278 kPa observed versus 1,550 and 1,252 kPa predicted). However, for one of the shafts, the observed value of unit side resistance was only about 34 of the more conservative predicted empirical value (916 kPa observed versus 1,252 predicted). Bearing capacity failure did not occur for two of the three shafts. Bearing capacity failure may have occurred for one of the shafts. Using a factor of safety of 3 applied to the lowest observed value of end bearing pressure implies that the allowable bearing capacity for the Burlington limestone at this site (3 MPa, or ≅500 psi) exceeds the typical presumptive bearing capacity for sound limestone in mid-Missouri (1914 kPa or 277 psi).
Cardiovascular adverse events in the drug‐development program of bupropion for smoking cessation: A systematic retrospective adjudication effort (2017)

CV events in bupropion clinical trials for smoking cessation were uncommon, with no observed increase among subjects assigned to bupropion vs placebo. However, this effort was limited by a paucity of quality data.
Total Synthesis of an Antitumor Antibiotic, Fostriecin (CI-920) (2003)

The total synthesis of an antitumor antibiotic, fostriecin (CI-920), via a highly convergent route is described. A characteristic feature of the present total synthesis is that the synthesis was achieved via a coupling procedure of three segments A, B, and C. The unsaturated lactone moiety of fostriecin, corresponding to segment A, was constructed from a known Horner-Emmons reagent, and the stereochemistry of the C-5 position was introduced by asymmetric reduction with (R)-BINAl-H. Segment B having a series of stereogenic centers was synthesized from (R)-malic acid and the stereogenic centers at the C-8 and C-9 positions were prepared by a combination of Wittig reaction and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction. The conjugated Z,Z,E-triene moiety of fostriecin, corresponding to segment C, was eventually constructed by Wittig reaction and Stille coupling reaction. The phosphate moiety, which is known to be essentially important for the antitumor activity, was introduced via two routes: (i) direct phosphorylation of the monohydroxyl derivative in which other hydroxyl groups are protected with silyl groups; (ii) cyclic phosphorylation and selective cleavage of the cyclic phosphate derivative. Although the former route is basically the same as those reported by other groups, the latter route is novel and more effective than the former one. The present total synthesis would serve as a versatile synthetic route to not only fostriecin, but also its various analogues including stereoisomers.
Bacteriophage P2 ogr and P4 delta genes act independently and are essential for P4 multiplication (1990)

Satellite bacteriophage P4 requires the products of the late genes of a helper phage such as P2 for lytic growth. Expression of the P2 late genes is positively regulated by the P2 ogr gene in a process requiring P2 DNA replication. Transactivation of P2 late gene expression by P4 requires the P4 delta gene product and works even in the absence of P2 DNA replication. We have made null mutants of the P2 ogr and P4 delta genes. In the absence of the P4 delta gene product, P4 multiplication required both the P2 ogr protein and P2 DNA replication. In the absence of the P2 ogr gene product, P4 multiplication required the P4 delta protein. In complementation experiments, we found that the P2 ogr protein was made in the absence of P2 DNA replication but could not function unless P2 DNA replicated. We produced P4 delta protein from a plasmid and found that it complemented the null P4 delta and P2 ogr mutants.
Late-onset Parkinsonism in NF B/c-Rel-deficient mice (2012)

Activation of the nuclear factor κB/c-Rel can increase neuronal resilience to pathological noxae by regulating the expression of pro-survival manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, now known as SOD2) and Bcl-xL genes. We show here that c-Rel-deficient (c-rel(-/-)) mice developed a Parkinson's disease-like neuropathology with ageing. At 18 months of age, c-rel(-/-) mice exhibited a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, as assessed by tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity and Nissl staining. Nigral degeneration was accompanied by a significant loss of dopaminergic terminals and a significant reduction of dopamine and homovanillic acid levels in the striatum. Mice deficient of the c-Rel factor exhibited a marked immunoreactivity for fibrillary α-synuclein in the substantia nigra pars compacta as well as increased expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and iron staining in both the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum. Aged c-rel(-/-) mouse brain were characterized by increased microglial reactivity in the basal ganglia, but no astrocytic reaction. In addition, c-rel(-/-) mice showed age-dependent deficits in locomotor and total activity and various gait-related deficits during a catwalk analysis that were reminiscent of bradykinesia and muscle rigidity. Both locomotor and gait-related deficits recovered in c-rel(-/-) mice treated with l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. These data suggest that c-Rel may act as a regulator of the substantia nigra pars compacta resilience to ageing and that aged c-rel(-/-) mice may be a suitable model of Parkinson's disease.
Detection and validation of volatile metabolic patterns over different strains of two human pathogenic bacteria during their growth in a complex medium using multi-capillary column-ion mobility spectrometry (MCC-IMS) (2013)

Headspace analyses over microbial cultures using multi-capillary column-ion mobility spectrometry (MCC-IMS) could lead to a faster, safe and cost-effective method for the identification of pathogens. Recent studies have shown that MCC-IMS allows identification of bacteria and fungi, but no information is available from when on during their growth a differentiation between bacteria is possible. Therefore, we analysed the headspace over human pathogenic reference strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at four time points during their growth in a complex fluid medium. In order to validate our findings and to answer the question if the results of one bacterial strain can be transferred to other strains of the same species, we also analysed the headspace over cultures from isolates of random clinical origin. We detected 19 different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that appeared or changed their signal intensity during bacterial growth. These included six VOCs exclusively changing over E. coli cultures and seven exclusively changing over P. aeruginosa cultures. Most changes occurred in the late logarithmic or static growth phases. We did not find differences in timing or trends in signal intensity between VOC patterns of different strains of one species. Our results show that differentiation of human pathogenic bacteria by headspace analyses using MCC-IMS technology is best possible during the late phases of bacterial growth. Our findings also show that VOC patterns of a bacterial strain can be transferred to other strains of the same species.
Enhancement of laser-induced gratings diffraction efficiency by forcing molecular rotation (2008)

For the first time to our knowledge, thermal laser-induced gratings (LIGs) are generated via two-photon stimulated Raman excitation of pure rotational transitions in molecules employing a single broadband pump laser.
Improving spectral resolution using basis selection (2002)

In this paper, we develop high resolution nonparametric spectrum estimation methods using basis selection methodology. As opposed to standard minimisation of the l/sub 2/ norm of the solution, it is shown that by minimizing suitable diversity measures associated with the linear representation problem one can obtain high resolution spectrum estimates. Algorithms for this purpose are discussed with attention being paid to the robustness issue. In particular, methods are developed to accommodate noise in measurements using a Bayesian framework, and to incorporate statistical averaging using a novel multiple measurement vector framework.
Figure S3 from Phase II Trial of IL-12 Plasmid Transfection and PD-1 Blockade in Immunologically Quiescent Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Flow Parameters and Strategy&lt;/p&gt;
THz electric field-induced second harmonic generation in ferroelectric thin film BaSrTiÜ3 (2017)

Strong modulation of the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) signal by THz nearly single cycle pulse in ferroelectric thin film BaSrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> was observed. As the employed THz pulses pumps the medium in the range of phononic excitations, the THz electric field induced ferro-electric polarization is due to the ionic contribution. The proposed model describes this effect in terms of electric polarization induced in the plane of the film. The net SHG signal responds to the THz excitation as if the THz pulse induces a 90-degrees switching of the polarization in parts of the sample on the time scale of the period of the soft mode. According to the proposed model, under action of the THz pulse the latter acquires an in-plane component up to 6% of the net polarization.
Perceptual implications of different Ambisonics-based methods for binaural reverberation (2021)

Reverberation is essential for the realistic auralisation of enclosed spaces. However, it can be computationally expensive to render with high fidelity and, in practice, simplified models are typically used to lower costs while preserving perceived quality. Ambisonics-based methods may be employed to this purpose as they allow us to render a reverberant sound field more efficiently by limiting its spatial resolution. The present study explores the perceptual impact of two simplifications of Ambisonics-based binaural reverberation that aim to improve efficiency. First, a "hybrid Ambisonics" approach is proposed in which the direct sound path is generated by convolution with a spatially dense head related impulse response set, separately from reverberation. Second, the reverberant virtual loudspeaker method (RVL) is presented as a computationally efficient approach to dynamically render binaural reverberation for multiple sources with the potential limitation of inaccurately simulating listener's head rotations. Numerical and perceptual evaluations suggest that the perceived quality of hybrid Ambisonics auralisations of two measured rooms ceased to improve beyond the third order, which is a lower threshold than what was found by previous studies in which the direct sound path was not processed separately. Additionally, RVL is shown to produce auralisations with comparable perceived quality to Ambisonics renderings.
Acoustic and pronunciation model adaptation for context-independent and context-dependent pronunciation variability of non-native speech (2008)

In this paper, we propose an acoustic and pronunciation model adaptation method for context-independent (CI) and context-dependent (CD) pronunciation variability to improve the performance of a non-native automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. The proposed adaptation method is performed in three steps. First, we perform phone recognition to obtain an n-best list of phoneme sequences and derive pronunciation variant rules by using a decision tree. Second, the pronunciation variant rules are decomposed into CI and CD pronunciation variation on the basis of context dependency. That is, some pronunciation variant rules that are dedicated to the specific phoneme sequences is classified into CI pronunciation variation, but others are classified into CD one. It is assumed here that CI and CD pronunciation variabilities are invoked by a different pronunciation space from the mother tongue of a non-native speaker and the coarticulation effects in a context, respectively. Third, the acoustic model adaptation is performed in a state-tying step for the CI pronunciation variability from an indirect data-driven method. In addition, the pronunciation model adaptation is completed by constructing a multiple pronunciation dictionary using the CD pronunciation variability. It is shown from the continuous Korean-English ASR experiments that the proposed method can reduce the average word error rate (WER) by 16.02% when compared with the baseline ASR system that is trained by native speech. Moreover, an ASR system using the proposed method provides average WER reductions of 8.95% and 3.67% when compared to the only acoustic model adaptation and the only pronunciation model adaptation, respectively.
The first evaluation of formaldehyde column observations by improved Pandora spectrometers during the KORUS-AQ field study (2018)

The Korea-United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) conducted during May-June 2016 offered the first opportunity to evaluate direct-sun observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) total column densities with improved Pandora spectrometer instruments. The measurements highlighted in this work were conducted both in the Seoul megacity area at the Olympic Park site (37.5232° N, 27.1260° E; 26 ma.s.l.) and at a nearby rural site downwind of the city at the Mount Taehwa research forest site (37.3123° N, 127.3106° E; 160ma.s.l.). Evaluation of these measurements was made possible by concurrent ground-based in situ observations of HCHO at both sites as well as overflight by the NASA DC-8 research aircraft. The flights provided in situ measurements of HCHO to characterize its vertical distribution in the lower troposphere (0-5km). Diurnal variation in HCHO total column densities followed the same pattern at both sites, with the minimum daily values typically observed between 6:00 and 7:00 local time, gradually increasing to a maximum between 13:00 and 17:00 before decreasing into the evening. Pandora vertical column densities were compared with those derived from the DC-8 HCHO in situ measured profiles augmented with in situ surface concentrations below the lowest altitude of the DC-8 in proximity to the ground sites. A comparison between 49 column densities measured by Pandora vs. aircraft-integrated in situ data showed that Pandora values were larger by 16% with a constant offset of 0.22DU (Dobson units; <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.68). Pandora HCHO columns were also compared with columns calculated from the surface in situ measurements over Olympic Park by assuming a well-mixed lower atmosphere up to a ceilometer-measured mixed-layer height (MLH) and various assumptions about the small residual HCHO amounts in the free troposphere up to the tropopause. The best comparison (slope = 1.03±0.03; intercept = 0.29±0.02DU; and <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.78±0.02) was achieved assuming equal mixing within ceilometer-measured MLH combined with an exponential profile shape. These results suggest that diurnal changes in HCHO surface concentrations can be reasonably estimated from the Pandora total column and information on the mixed-layer height. More work is needed to understand the bias in the intercept and the slope relative to columns derived from the in situ aircraft and surface measurements.
Search for the electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in s=8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector (2016)

The ATLAS experiment has performed extensive searches for the electroweak production of charginos, neutralinos, and staus. This article summarizes and extends the search for electroweak supersymmetry with new analyses targeting scenarios not covered by previously published searches. New searches use vector-boson fusion production, initial-state radiation jets, and low-momentum lepton final states, as well as multivariate analysis techniques to improve the sensitivity to scenarios with small mass splittings and low-production cross sections. Results are based on 20 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s=8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess beyond Standard Model expectations is observed. The new and existing searches are combined and interpreted in terms of 95% confidence-level exclusion limits in simplified models, where a single production process and decay mode is assumed, as well as within phenomenological supersymmetric models.
Defect-related luminescence in silicon p +–n junctions (2015)

Ultra-shallow p +–n junctions fabricated by the silicon planar technology based on the short-time nonequilibrium diffusion of boron from the gas phase into n-Si (100) substrates upon their preliminary oxidation and the opening of windows in SiO2 by electron lithography and reactive ion etching are examined. The electroand photoluminescence spectra measured in the study demonstrate emission in the range 1–1.6 µm, which is indicative of the presence of a high concentration of defects that probably appear as a result of the amorphizing effect of ions in the etching stage.
Functional Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Using an Innervated Abdominal Wall Vascularized Composite Tissue Allograft: A Cadaveric Study and Review of the Literature (2014)

Motor function and sensory recovery is expected in other forms of vascularized composite allotransplantation, such as the hand or face; however, this has never been tested in AW-VCA. This study demonstrates feasibility for the transplantation of large, composite abdominal wall constructs that potentially retains movement, strength, and sensation through neurotization of both sensory and motor nerves.
Normal coronary flow reserve after stentless aortic valve replacement – results from a prospective, randomized study (2006)

Introduction: Coronary perfusion is impaired in patients with aortic stenosis. Valve replacement (AVR) leads to improvement but not complete restoration. The following study investigates coronary flow and flow reserve in patients undergoing biological valve replacement with stentless or stented porcine prostheses in a prospective, randomized study.
Machine learning dimensionality reduction for heart rate n-variability (HRnV) based risk stratification of chest pain patients in the emergency department (2020)

Abstract Background Chest pain is among the most common presenting complaints in the emergency department (ED). Swift and accurate risk stratification of chest pain patients in the ED may improve patient outcomes and reduce unnecessary costs. Traditional logistic regression with stepwise variable selection has been used to build risk prediction models for ED chest pain patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate if machine learning dimensionality reduction methods can achieve superior performance than the stepwise approach in deriving risk stratification models. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients &gt;20 years old who presented to the ED of Singapore General Hospital with chest pain between September 2010 and July 2015. Variables used included demographics, medical history, laboratory findings, heart rate variability (HRV), and HRnV parameters calculated from five to six-minute electrocardiograms (ECGs). The primary outcome was 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which included death, acute myocardial infarction, and revascularization. Candidate variables identified using univariable analysis were then used to generate the stepwise logistic regression model and eight machine learning dimensionality reduction prediction models. A separate set of models was derived by excluding troponin. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration analysis was used to compare model performance. Results 795 patients were included in the analysis, of which 247 (31%) met the primary outcome of 30-day MACE. Patients with MACE were older and more likely to be male. All eight dimensionality reduction methods marginally but non-significantly outperformed stepwise variable selection; The multidimensional scaling algorithm performed the best with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.901. All HRnV-based models generated in this study outperformed several existing clinical scores in ROC analysis. Conclusions HRnV-based models using stepwise logistic regression performed better than existing chest pain scores for predicting MACE, with only marginal improvements using machine learning dimensionality reduction. Moreover, traditional stepwise approach benefits from model transparency and interpretability; in comparison, machine learning dimensionality reduction models are black boxes, making them difficult to explain in clinical practice.