gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uniform phosphorus doping of untapered germanium nanowires (2016)

One of the major challenges in the growth of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) nanowires is the control of dopant incorporation in the structures. In this work, we study the n-type doping and morphology of nanowires grown by chemical vapor deposition when HCl is introduced. We obtain fully untapered nanowires with a growth temperature up to 410 °C and measure their resistivity using the 4-probe technique to be 2.0 mΩ cm. We perform energy dispersive x-ray measurements showing a concentration of dopants in the (5-7) × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> range, being radially and axially uniform. The combination of these two measurements shows that the mobility is the same as for bulk germanium, demonstrating that the VLS mechanism has no detrimental effect for the electron transport in these nanowires.
Tunneling microscopy on various carbon materials (1988)

Scanning tunneling microscopy images of the surfaces of graphite, glassy carbon, pyrolyzed perylene tetracarbolic acid dianhydride, pyrolyzed C5Br6, and hydrogenated carbon were made. A new periodic structure was found on graphite whose size was ∼240 Å on a side and whose height was 7 Å. The structure is made of an integral number of surface waves whose wavelength is 15 Å. The glassy carbon and carbon films had graphitelike regions extending up to 20 Å and round structures were observed on the pyrolyzed C5Br6 film. The hydrogenated carbon films showed a filamentlike structure with essentially no graphitelike regions.
Supplementary Tables 1-4 from Differential Gene Expression in Benign Prostate Epithelium of Men with and without Prostate Cancer: Evidence for a Prostate Cancer Field Effect (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 105K&lt;/p&gt;
HIGH-SPEED OPTICAL DETECTION UP TO 2.5Gbit/s WITH A DOUBLE POLYSILICON SELF-ALIGNED SILICON BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR (1988)

The photo response of a standard high-speed self-aligned silicon bipolar transistor has been investigated. The photosignal of the base-collector diode is found to consist of at least two current components. Optical detection capabilities are demonstrated by excitation with modulated laser light at 830 nm wavelength up to data rates of 2.5Gbit/s.
Solution Structure of the Transmembrane H<sup>+</sup>-Transporting Subunit c of the F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub> ATP Synthase (1998)

Subunit c is the H+-translocating component of the F1F0 ATP synthase complex. H+ transport is coupled to conformational changes that ultimately lead to ATP synthesis by the enzyme. The properties of the monomeric subunit in a single-phase solution of chloroform-methanol-water (4:4:1) have been shown to mimic those of the protein in the native complex. Triple resonance NMR experiments were used to determine the complete structure of monomeric subunit c in this solvent mixture. The structure of the protein was defined by >2000 interproton distances, 64 (3)JN alpha, and 43 hydrogen-bonding NMR-derived restraints. The root mean squared deviation for the backbone atoms of the two transmembrane helices was 0.63 A. The protein folds as a hairpin of two antiparallel helical segments, connected by a short structured loop. The conserved Arg41-Gln42-Pro43 form the top of this loop. The essential H+-transporting Asp61 residue is located at a slight break in the middle of the C-terminal helix, just prior to Pro64. The C-terminal helix changes direction by 30 +/- 5 degrees at the conserved Pro64. In its protonated form, the Asp61 lies in a cavity created by the absence of side chains at Gly23 and Gly27 in the N-terminal helix. The shape and charge distribution of the molecular surface of the monomeric protein suggest a packing arrangement for the oligomeric protein in the F0 complex, with the front face of one monomer packing favorably against the back face of a second monomer. The packing suggests that the proton (cation) binding site lies between packed pairs of adjacent subunit c.
<i>KIF1C</i> mutations in two families with hereditary spastic paraparesis and cerebellar dysfunction (2013)

Kinesin genes encode a family of cargo/motor proteins and are known to cause HSP if mutated. Here we identified nonsense and missense mutations in a further member of this protein family. The KIF1C mutation is associated with a HSP subtype (SPAX2/SAX2) that combines spastic paraplegia and weakness with cerebellar dysfunction.
Rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region and expression of P210 BCR-ABL in a "masked" Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myeloid leukemia (1988)

The Philadelphia (Ph) translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) occurs frequently in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but is less common in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and rare in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In most cases of CML and some cases of Ph+ ALL the protooncogene ABL from 9q34 is translocated to the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) of the BCR gene at 22q11 to form a chimeric gene encoding a novel 210-kd protein (P210 BCR-ABL) with enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. In other patients with Ph+ ALL and Ph+ AML, the breakpoint probably occurs in the first intron of the BCR gene; this results in a smaller chimeric gene which encodes a P190 BCR-ABL. We studied a patient with AML (FAB M6) arising de novo who had a “masked” Ph chromosome in association with extensive karyotypic changes. The leukemic cells initially showed rearrangement of the bcr, presence of a hybrid mRNA, and expression of the P210 BCR-ABL. These changes were absent in remission. These results support the concept that the BCR-ABL chimeric gene plays a crucial role in leukemogenesis but suggest that factors other than the position of the breakpoint in the BCR gene determine the lineage of the target cell for malignant transformation.
Inhomogeneous Disappearance of Myofilament-Related Cytoskeletal Proteins in Stunned Myocardium of Guinea Pig (1996)

The decrease in Ca2+ responsiveness of myofilaments in stunned myocardium implies that there may be structural changes in proteins composing the contractile machinery. To elucidate the lesion in stunned myocardium, isolated guinea pig hearts were subjected to global ischemia at 37 degrees C and reperfused. SDS-PAGE revealed that the contents of desmin, alpha-actinin, and spectrin decreased in the myofibrillar fraction isolated from hearts reperfused after 60-minute ischemia compared with nonischemic control hearts. To examine the change of cytoskeletal proteins in stunned myocardium, immunohistochemical studies with antibodies against these proteins were performed after 15 minutes of ischemia. In stunned myocardium, the staining was largely intact, but there were some lesions where desmin was not stained and alpha-actinin and spectrin were only weakly identified. The percentage of normally stained areas in the myocardium (percent stained area), quantified by image processing, was significantly lower in stunned myocardium (79.6 +/- 3.6%, mean +/- SEM) than in nonischemic control myocardium (96.5 +/- 0.7%). Percent recovery of developed pressure significantly correlated with percent stained area (r = .82, P < .001). In hearts subjected to 15-minute ischemia but not reperfused, or in hearts reperfused with Ca(2+)-free solution after 15-minute ischemia, staining by the antibodies remained intact, suggesting that the change of the cytoskeletal proteins is mediated by Ca2+ overload during reperfusion. In hearts treated with the protease inhibitor leupeptin (50 mumol/L) or calpain inhibitor I (100 mumol/L), both developed pressure and staining were well preserved. These results indicate that contractile dysfunction in stunned myocardium has a strong correlation with the disappearance of cytoskeletal proteins that may be mediated by a Ca(2+)-dependent intracellular protease activated during reperfusion. The disruption of cytoskeletal proteins is a possible mechanism for stunning, although it may be a secondary effect of protease activation.
Energetics and electronic structure of the hypothetical cubic zincblende form of GeC (1993)

The authors have performed the first ab-initio investigation of the hypothetical IV-VI compound GeC with zincblende structure, and have compared its properties with those of SiC. The calculations are performed using a planewave expansion within the local density approximation and the pseudopotential approximation. It is found that GeC, like SiC, is a wide-gap semiconductor with an indirect bandgap. Unlike SiC, they find that GeC is thermodynamically unstable toward decomposition into its segregated components under zero pressure. However, it becomes significantly more stable under pressure up to the phase transition of Ge to the beta -tin structure. The effect of different choices of the form and generating scheme for the pseudopotential and the form for the correlation energy functional on the results of such calculations is also discussed.
Double-Conversion, Noise-Cancelling Receivers Using Modulated LNTAs and Double-Layer Passive Mixers for Concurrent Signal Reception With Tuned RF Interface (2021)

A double-conversion, noise-cancelling receiver architecture is presented that consists of a double-layer mixer-first branch and two quadrature-modulated LNTA branches. The two layers of passive mixing in the mixer-first branch up-convert the low-pass, baseband impedance and create concurrent, narrowband impedance matching at (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LO</sub> ±F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IF</sub> ), as well as concurrently receive signals around these two RF carriers while rejecting spurious responses without using any IF filters. To improve the noise performance, quadrature-modulated LNTA branches are incorporated to allow frequency-translational, noise cancellation for better receiver sensitivity. Double conversion is achieved in the LNTA branches by periodically varying the LNTA transconductance and current-mode, passive mixing. A generalized, linear time-varying (LTV) analysis of the receiver is presented and verified with behavioral-model simulation results.
Quantum Dot FRET Biosensors that Respond to pH, to Proteolytic or Nucleolytic Cleavage, to DNA Synthesis, or to a Multiplexing Combination (2008)

Fluorescent acceptors have been immobilized on nanoparticulate quantum dots (QDs), which serve in turn as their FRET donors. The broad excitation and narrow emission bands of QDs mark them as having excellent potential as donors for FRET and, in principle, differently colored QDs could be excited simultaneously. The present work describes the preparation and operation of FRET-based QD bioprobes individually able to detect the actions of protease, deoxyribonuclease, DNA polymerase, or changes in pH. In addition, two such QD-mounted biosensors were excited at a single wavelength, and shown to operate simultaneously and independently of each other in the same sample solution, allowing multiplex detection of the action of a protease, trypsin, in the presence of deoxyribonuclease.
Advances in Singlet Oxygen Chemistry (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biodegradation Behavior Control for Shape Memory Polyester Poly(Glycerol-Dodecanoate): An In Vivo and In Vitro Study (2023)

Poly(glycerol-dodecanoate) (PGD) has garnered increasing attention in biomedical engineering for its degradability, shape memory, and rubber-like mechanical properties. Adjustable degradation is important for biodegradable implants and is affected by various aspects, including material properties, mechanical environments, temperature, pH, and enzyme catalysis. The crosslinking and chain length characteristics of poly(lactic acid) and poly(caprolactone) have been widely used to adjust the in vivo degradation rate. The PGD degradation rate is affected by its crosslink density in in vitro hydrolysis; however, there is no difference in vivo. We believe that this phenomenon is caused by the differences in enzymatic conditions in vitro and in vivo. In this study, it is found that the degradation products of PGD with different molar ratios of hydroxyl and carboxyl (MR<sub>H/C</sub>) exhibit varied pH values, affecting the enzyme activity and thus achieving different degradation rates. The in vivo degradation of PGD is characterized by surface erosion, and its mass decreases linearly with degradation duration. The degradation duration of PGD is linearly extrapolated from 9-18 weeks when MR<sub>H/C</sub> is in the range of 2.00-0.75, providing a protocol for adjusting the degradation durations of subsequent implants made by PGD.
Energy Conserving Passive Clustering for Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Network (2007)

In case of sensor network, hierarchical routing has received a great magnitude of interest than flat routing for achieving energy efficiency. While the overhead of creating hierarchical control structure, should be kept reasonably low. Directed diffusion (DD) is one of the most prominent and widely accepted example of hierarchical data centric routing. Directed diffusion suffers from huge flooding problem and further improved using passive clustering to reduce flooding for interest propagation. Passive clustering technique is not energy efficient as it does not consider residual energy of nodes. Also it does not have any parameter to restrict the number of clusterheads and gateways. To achieve energy efficiency and prolonged network lifetime we introduce residual energy and distance based cluster creation. Energy conserving passive clustering technique will select better nodes as clusterhead and gateway in terms of residual energy and distance which will in turn reduce the overlapping region and number of gateway to conserve energy. At the same time we have applied periodic sleep and awake among cluster members to achieve prolonged lifetime. Our proposed algorithm will add some extra overhead for cluster creation and maintenance in compare to passive clustering but will perform better in terms of energy dissipation and enhanced lifetime of the network.
Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with Open-Circuit Voltages Approaching the Shockley–Queisser Limit (2023)

The power conversion efficiency of tin-based halide perovskite solar cells is limited by large photovoltage losses arising from the significant energy-level offset between the perovskite and the conventional electron transport material, fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. The fullerene derivative indene-C<sub>60</sub> bisadduct (ICBA) is a promising alternative to mitigate this drawback, owing to its superior energy level matching with most tin-based perovskites. However, the less finely controlled energy disorder of the ICBA films leads to the extension of its band tails that limits the photovoltage of the resultant devices and reduces the power conversion efficiency. Herein, we fabricate ICBA films with improved morphology and electrical properties by optimizing the choice of solvent and the annealing temperature. Energy disorder in the ICBA films is substantially reduced, as evidenced by the 22 meV smaller width of the electronic density of states. The resulting solar cells show open-circuit voltages of up to 1.01 V, one of the highest values reported so far for tin-based devices. Combined with surface passivation, this strategy enabled solar cells with efficiencies of up to 11.57%. Our work highlights the importance of controlling the properties of the electron transport material toward the development of efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells and demonstrates the potential of solvent engineering for efficient device processing.
Optoelectronic chip on film (OE‐COF) packaging technology (2002)

Abstract As a next‐generation film carrier packaging technique intended for applications to high‐speed large‐capacity optical modules, OE‐COF (Optoelectronic Chip on Film) packaging is proposed, in which LSIs and optical devices are installed on an optoelectronic compound film (OE film) by means of solder bumps. Its realizability is discussed. A 10‐channel VCSEL of the 0.85‐µm band with a 250‐µm pitch is flip‐chip mounted on an OE film by using thirty‐six 80% Au‐Sn solder bumps with a diameter of 40 µm. In regard to the basic configuration that couples an optical waveguide via a 45 ° mirror formed on the OE film, a mechanically strong flip‐chip mounting of the VCSEL on an OE film and a low‐loss optical coupling structure of the VCSEL and the OE film are discussed. As a result, a low‐ thermal‐expansion OE film (11 × 10 −6 / ° C) with low‐thermal‐expansion materials laminated on both sides has been developed. By reducing the thermal expansion coefficient to 1/6 of the usual one while the excellent optical guiding property is retained, mechanically strong flip‐chip mounting is realized. Further, by filling the gap between the VCSEL and the OE film with silicon resin so that reflected light is suppressed, an OE‐COF packaging with a low coupling loss of 0.4 dB is realized. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(12): 59–66, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10026
The transcriptome of potato tuber phellogen reveals cellular functions of cork cambium and genes involved in periderm formation and maturation (2019)

The periderm is a protective corky tissue that is formed through the cambial activity of phellogen cells, when the outer epidermis is damaged. Timely periderm formation is critical to prevent pathogen invasion and water loss. The outer layers of the potato periderm, the tuber skin, serves as a model to study cork development. Early in tuber development the phellogen becomes active and produces the skin. During tuber maturation it becomes inactive and the skin adheres to the tuber flesh. The characterization of potato phellogen may contribute to the management of costly agricultural problems related to incomplete skin-set and the resulting skinning injuries, and provide us with new knowledge regarding cork development in planta. A transcriptome of potato tuber phellogen isolated by laser capture microdissection indicated similarity to vascular cambium and the cork from trees. Highly expressed genes and transcription factors indicated that phellogen activation involves cytokinesis and gene reprograming for the establishment of a dedifferentiation state; whereas inactivation is characterized by activity of genes that direct organ identity in meristem and cell-wall modifications. The expression of selected genes was analyzed using qPCR in native and wound periderm at distinct developmental stages. This allowed the identification of genes involved in periderm formation and maturation.
Prognostic implications of tumor-associated factors in resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2008)

15559 Background: Reproducible prognostic markers could potentially allow patients with pancreatic cancer to be stratified into treatment groups. In this study, we asked whether EGF, EGFR, erb B2, TGF-α and -β, p53, and PCNA expression might be useful in detecting different aggressive pancreatic cancers and if survival would be worse in high marker expressors. Methods: In this retrospective study a total of 282 patients with histologically verified pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were treated at our Department from 1993 to 2003. In addition, 93 patients were selected based on the availability of tissue specimens from the primary tumor and R0-resection (75% head, 13% corpus, 12% caudal). We used Elisa, immunohistochemistry and real time PCR to investigate expression of the different tumor associated factors. The values of morphological and molecular parameters were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics for their predictive value of tumor recurrence using chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method, multivariate analysis by Cox regression, and Mann-Whitney-U- Test (follow-up period: 32±6.2 months). Results: A total of 34% of the patients underwent R0-resection, which significantly influenced their survival (78% stage UICC IIb, p<0.0001). Mean survival and time to progress were also influenced by N-stage (mean survival N1: 21.5 Mo vs. N0: 49.1 Mo) and tumor differentiation (G1: 63.7 Mo; G2: 26.3 Mo; G3: 15.2 Mo; p=0.009). The prognosis of patients undergoing curative R0-resection seems to be determined by perineural invasion (p=0.019) with a mean survival of 12 months (no invasion: 29 months). With exception of MIC-A all of the analyzed parameters showed an increased protein expression during tumor progression. A prognostic significance was observed for increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, and poor EGF, erb B2, and PCNA expression in the tumor (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that patients, even if R0-resected and with no lymph node metastasis, may benefit from analysis of the prognostic markers EGF, erb B2, PCNA, and MIC-A in their tumors. Those nodal negative patients with increased marker expression profiles would potentially profit from chemotherapy combined with small molecules targeting intracellular signal transduction pathways. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Efficient Rendering of Directional Sound Sources in Wave Field Synthesis (2012)

Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a spatial audio reproduction technique that uses arrays of loudspeakers for the physical creation of the sound field of a virtual source. Besides basic source types such as monopoles, the reproduction of virtual sources with angle- And frequency-dependent directivity characteristics attracts increasing interest. While several synthesis approaches for directional sources have been proposed in recent years, the corresponding audio signal processing has not been considered so far. However, since directional sources typically require a nontrivial filtering operation for each combination of a virtual source and a loudspeaker, straightforward implementation creates major complexity and scalability problems. This paper proposes an efficient processing structure for rendering directional sources using time-frequency signal processing. Integrating the building blocks of a fast convolution method into the WFS rendering algorithm enables the reuse of transform operations, resulting in significant complexity reductions. In this way, this paper demonstrates the advantages of time-frequency processing for a given rendering application by exploiting the performance characteristics of signal processing operations in the two domains. Copyright© (2012) by the Audio Engineering Society.
&lt;title&gt;Optically controlled collisions of biological objects&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

We have developed a new assay in which two mesoscale particles are caused to collide using two independently controlled optical tweezers. This assay involves the measurement of the adhesion probability following a collision. Since the relative orientation, impact parameter (i.e., distance of closest approach), and collision velocity of the particles, as well as the components of the solution, are all under the user's control, this assay can mimic a wide range of biologically relevant collisions. We illustrate the utility of our assay by evaluating the adhesion probability of a single erythrocyte (red blood cell) to an influenza virus-coated microsphere, in the presence of sialic acid-bearing inhibitors of adhesion. This probability as a function of inhibitor concentration yields a measure of the effectiveness of the inhibitor for blocking viral adhesion. Most of the inhibition constants obtained using the tweezers agree well with those obtained from other techniques, although the inhibition constants for the best of the inhibitors were beyond the limited resolution of conventional assays. They were readily evaluated using our tweezers-based assay, however, and prove to be the most potent inhibitors of adhesion between influenza virus and erythrocytes ever measured. Further studies are underway to investigate the effect of collision velocity on the adhesion probability, with the eventual goal of understanding the various mechanisms of inhibition (direct competition for viral binding sites versus steric stabilization). Analysis of these data also provide evidence that the density of binding sites may be a crucial parameter in the application of this assay and polymeric inhibition in general.