gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypes of Mouse <i>diabetes</i> and Rat <i>fatty</i> Due to Mutations in the OB (Leptin) Receptor (1996)

Mice harboring mutations in the obese (ob) and diabetes (db) genes display similar phenotypes, and it has been proposed that these genes encode the ligand and receptor, respectively, for a physiologic pathway that regulates body weight. The cloning of ob, and the demonstration that it encodes a secreted protein (leptin) that binds specifically to a receptor (OB-R) in the brain, have validated critical aspects of this hypothesis. Here it is shown by genetic mapping and genomic analysis that mouse db, rat fatty (a homolog of db), and the gene encoding the OB-R are the same gene.
Distribution, metabolism and toxicity of inhaled sulfur dioxide and endogenously generated sulfite in the respiratory tract of normal and sulfite oxidase‐deficient rats (1987)

We report on the distribution, metabolism, and toxicity of sulfite in the respiratory tract and other tissues of rats exposed to endogenously generated sulfite or to inhaled sulfur dioxide (SO2). Graded sulfite oxidase deficiency was induced in several groups of rats by manipulating their tungsten to molybdenum intake ratio. Endogenously generated sulfite and S-sulfonate compounds (a class of sulfite metabolite) accumulated in the respiratory tract tissues and in the plasma of these rats in inverse proportion to hepatic sulfite oxidase activity. In contrast to this systemic mode of exposure, sulfite exposure of normal, sulfite oxidase-competent rats via inhaled SO2 (10 and 30 ppm) was restricted to the airways. Minor pathological changes consisting of epithelial hyperplasia, mucoid degeneration, and desquamation of epithelium were observed only in the tracheas and bronchi of the rats inhaling SO2, even though the concentration of sulfite plus S-sulfonates in the tracheas and bronchi of these rats was considerably lower than that in the endogenously exposed rats. We attribute this histological damage to hydrogen ions stemming from inhaled SO2, not to the sulfite/bisulfite ions that are also a product of inhaled SO2. In addition to the lungs and trachea, all other tissues examined, except the testes, appeared to be refractory to high concentrations of endogenously generated sulfite. The testes of grossly sulfite oxidase-deficient rats were severely atrophied and devoid of spermatogenic cells.
Critical behavior of order-parameter fluctuations in liquid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">He</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>near<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1979)

We have measured the critical attenuation of first sound in liquid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ from 550 to 1700 MHz. We can describe the attenuation due to the fluctuations of the order parameter up to 1.7 GHz, using experimental data at lower frequencies from various authors. Above ${T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$, the fluctuations are the only phenomena and are analyzed with a scaling function of $\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}$ with a characteristic time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}1.062}$ sec, $t=|\frac{(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}})}{{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}}|$. Below ${T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$, several phenomena are present. In the range of 1 GHz, the main contribution is due to the fluctuations. We demonstrate experimentally that the fluctuation attenuation is not symmetric about ${T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$. We fit our data with a scaling function of $\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}$.
Position of the Posteromedial Ankle Structures in Patients Indicated for Total Ankle Replacement (2020)

Level IV, case series, therapeutic.
Thermophysical Properties of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids (2004)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that are liquid at low temperatures, usually including the region around room temperature. They are under intense investigation, especially as replacement solvents for reactions and separations, since they exhibit negligible vapor pressure and would not, therefore, contribute to air pollution. Clearly, basic thermophysical properties are vital for design and evaluation for these applications. We present density as a function of temperature, melting temperatures, glass-transition temperatures, decomposition temperatures, and heat capacities as a function of temperature for a series of 13 of the popular imidazolium-based ILs. The ionic liquids investigated here are 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 2,3-dimethyl-1-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 2,3-dimethyl-1-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The properties follow quite reasonable trends. For instance, density decreases as the length of the alkyl chain on the cation increases. For a given cation, the density increases as the molecular weight of the anion increases for the anions studied here. Many of the ILs tend to subcool easily, forming glasses at very low temperatures rather than exhibiting crystallization or melting transitions. The thermal stability increases with increasing anion size, and heat capacities increase with temperature and increasing number of atoms in the IL.
Adaptive language modeling using minimum discriminant estimation (1992)

The authors present an algorithm to adapt a n-gram language model to a document as it is dictated. The observed partial document is used to estimate a unigram distribution for the words that already occurred. Then, they find the closest n-gram distribution to the static n-gram distribution (using the discrimination information distance measure) that satisfies the marginal constraints derived from the document. The resulting minimum discrimination information model results in a perplexity of 208 instead of 290 for the static trigram model on a document of 321 words.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rotablator plus stent therapy (rotastent) (1998)

Over 400,000 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCAs) are currently performed annually in the United States. Approximately 10% of these procedures include rotational atherectomy, although the national average rate of stent placements continues to increase in some centers to as high as 75%. The combination of rotational atherectomy and intra-coronary stent placement is between 2% and 7.5% of interventional procedures per year in the United States. This article reviews the existing literature on rotational atherectomy and stent implantation for complex lesions and describes the upcoming prospective, multicenter randomized Stent Implantation, Postrotational Atherectomy (SPORT) trial.
A constructive design methodology for trust management systems (2003)

This thesis presents a new model of access control mechanisms, based control judgments. In this framework, we compare access control mechanisms forms of simulation relations from programming language and concurrency theory. In particular, we compare “trust management”, which refers to distributed access control based on cryptographic keys, signed credentials, and local policies, with access control lists and two forms of capabilities. The access control mechanism at the heart of distributed trust management systems is formally shown to provide a tractable compromise between unrestricted capability passing from the capability models and easy revocation provided by access control lists. Next, we consider the interaction of naming and authorization, with the goal of composing the independent semantics for these two constructs in a sound manner. To this end, we provide a semantics of names within the state-transition framework, specifying the relevant system states, transitions, and judgments relevant to naming. With these clear and separate models for both authorization and naming, we present a formal characterization of the sound interaction between naming and authorization in access control systems, and construct one such sound trust management kernel that supports delegation-based authorization and distributed naming. We demonstrate soundness and completeness for our kernel using the formal methods tool PVS, leading to an automatically generated verified reference monitor for our trust management kernel. Experiments with instrumenting a web server with this verified reference monitor show that critical access monitoring functionality can be added to the trusted computing base (TCB) without significant performance penalties, while greatly increasing confidence in the security of the combined system.
FlowBlocks (2012)

Multi-touch technology lends itself to collaborative crowd interaction (CI). However, common tap-operated widgets are impractical for CI, since they are susceptible to accidental touches and interference from other users. We present a novel multi-touch interface called FlowBlocks in which every UI action is invoked through a small sequence of user actions: dragging parametric UI-Blocks, and dropping them over operational UI-Docks. The FlowBlocks approach is advantageous for CI because it a) makes accidental touches inconsequential; and b) introduces design parameters for mutual awareness, concurrent input, and conflict management. FlowBlocks was successfully used on the floor of a busy natural history museum. We present the complete design space and describe a year-long iterative design and evaluation process which employed the Rapid Iterative Test and Evaluation (RITE) method in a museum setting.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Oxidation of <sup>243</sup>Am(III) in Nitric Acid by a Terpyridyl‐Derivatized Electrode. (2016)

Abstract A high‐surface area, tin‐doped indium oxide electrode surface‐derivatized with a terpyridine ligand is used to oxidize Am(III) to Am(IV) and Am(VI) in nitric acid.
Atomic structure and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>SiH</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>-H</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>interactions of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>SiH</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>from first principles (2010)

First-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to understand the crystal structure, bonding, and vibrational properties of the recently discovered high-pressure ${\text{SiH}}_{4}{({\text{H}}_{2})}_{2}$ compound. We find a general decrease in the frequencies of the intramolecular ${\text{H}}_{2}$ stretching modes with increasing pressure, where the tetrahedral ${\text{H}}_{2}$ exhibit markedly stronger softening than octahedral ${\text{H}}_{2}$. Our DFT results suggest a weakening of the ${\text{H}}_{2}$ bond that is explained by increased orbital overlap and electron sharing between the silane and hydrogen molecules, which also account for the unusually high hydrogen capacity of ${\text{SiH}}_{4}{({\text{H}}_{2})}_{2}$.
Determination of electric field distribution in oil using the Kerr-effect technique after application of DC voltage (1990)

A technique based on the Kerr electrooptic effect is used for the measurement of electric field strength in dielectric liquids such as transformer oil. An elliptically polarized laser beam is used as incident light and the applied DC voltage is modulated with an AC voltage. Using this technique, low-level electric fields are measured in liquids with small Kerr constants using a short electrode length. The change of electric field distribution with respect to time after application of a DC step voltage and the nonuniformity of the electric field in water-saturated transformer oil are also studied. The electric field in water-saturated transformer oil is shown to be distorted, and the charge density is shown to be about 1 nC/cm/sup 3/ when the applied step DC voltage is 2 kV. However, electric field distribution is found to be uniform in dry transformer oil, dry silicone oil, and water-saturated silicone oil.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dopant Diffusion in Sequentially Doped Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Studied by Infrared and Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2018)

The diffusivity of dopants in semiconducting polymers is of high interest as it enables methods of sequential doping but also affects device stability. In this study, we investigate the diffusion of a bulky sequentially deposited p-dopant in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films using nondestructive in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). We probe dopant diffusion into the polymer film at varying coverage by differentially evaluating electron transfer in the bulk and at the surface. Thereby it is possible to determine dopant coverages at which both electron transfer and incorporation of dopants are saturated. By use of PES, neutral and charged dopants can be distinguished, revealing that charged dopants are less mobile in the diffusion process than neutral molecules. We further compare the diffusivity in semicrystalline and fully amorphous P3HT. We find that at high coverage semicrystalline P3HT seems to yield a higher capacity for dopants than fully amorphous P3HT. A temperature-dependent measurement of sequential doping shows directly that the incorporation of dopants is thermally activated and requires temperatures close to room temperature.
Prediction of ring conformations of indolactams. Crystal and solution structures (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrediction of ring conformations of indolactams. Crystal and solution structuresTakatoshi Kawai, Tazuko Ichinose, Mayuko Takeda, Nobuo Tomioka, Yasuyuki Endo, Kentaro Yamaguchi, Koichi Shudo, and Akiko ItaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 23, 6150–6155Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00049a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00049a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Blood-Based Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease: Where Are We Now and Where Have We to Go?—Reply (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
&lt;title&gt;New developments in PMN-based multilayer actuators&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

Over the past decade, the principle focus in the lead magnesium niobate (PMN) family of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics has been on the electrostrictive formulation due mainly to its application in deformable optics. Electrostrictive response of the PMN material is very low in hysteresis, contains near-zero creep, and features subnanometer precision. Temperature dependence is its major drawback. Highly desirable is a material which has the broad temperature response of piezoelectric lead-zirconate- titanate with the stable, accurate response of electrostrictive PMN. In this paper we report the development of novel piezoelectric and composite formulations of PMN which provide temperature stabilized response with moderate hysteresis and enhanced structural response with high authority.
New Unnatural L-Nucleoside Enantiomers:From Their Stereospecific Synthesis to Their Biological Activities (1997)

Abstract Several purine and pyrimidine β-L-dideoxynucleosides were stereospecifically synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. Two of them, namely β-L-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine (β-L-ddA) and its 2′,3′-didehydro derivative (β-L-d4A) were found to have significant anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities in cell culture.
Iceberg topography and volume classification using TanDEM-X interferometry (2019)

Abstract. Icebergs in polar regions affect water salinity, alter marine habitats, and impose serious hazards on maritime operations and navigation. These impacts mainly depend on the iceberg volume, which remain an elusive parameter to measure. We investigate the capability of TanDEM-X bistatic single-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) to derive iceberg subaerial morphology and infer total volume. We cross-verify InSAR results with Operation IceBridge (OIB) data acquired near Wordie Bay, Antarctica, as part of the OIB/TanDEM-X Antarctic Science Campaign (OTASC). While icebergs are typically classified according to size based on length or maximum height, we develop a new volumetric classification approach for applications where iceberg volume is relevant. For icebergs with heights exceeding 5 m, we find iceberg volumes derived from TanDEM-X and OIB data match within 7 %. These results suggest that TanDEM-X could pave the way for future single-pass interferometric systems for scientific and operational iceberg mapping and classification.
Endotoxemia and elevation of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2003)

The detection of endotoxemia coupled with marked elevations in LBP at Day 7 raises the possibility that inflammatory responses early after SCT may be driven in part by the entry of lipopolysaccharide into the bloodstream.
Analysis of the Thermo-Optical Effect in a Photonic Liquid Crystal Fiber (2006)

Analysis of light propagation in a photonic crystal fiber filled with liquid crystal is reported. Switching between index guiding and photonic band gap mechanisms induced by the thermo -optical effect is calculated and experimentally confirmed.
Novel Radiomic Measurements of Tumor-Associated Vasculature Morphology on Clinical Imaging as a Biomarker of Treatment Response in Multiple Cancers (2022)

Across these domains, we observed an association of vascular morphology on CT and MRI-as captured by metrics of vessel curvature, torsion, and organizational heterogeneity-and treatment outcome. Our findings suggest the potential of shape and structure of the TAV in developing prognostic and predictive biomarkers for multiple cancers and different treatment strategies.
Entecavir Exhibits Inhibitory Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus under Conditions of Reduced Viral Challenge (2008)

Entecavir (ETV) was developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and is globally approved for that indication. Initial preclinical studies indicated that ETV had no significant activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cultured cell lines at physiologically relevant ETV concentrations, using traditional anti-HIV assays. In response to recent clinical observations of anti-HIV activity of ETV in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), additional investigative studies were conducted to expand upon earlier results. An extended panel of HIV-1 laboratory and clinical strains and cell types was tested against ETV, along with a comparison of assay methodologies and resistance profiling. These latest studies confirmed that ETV has only weak activity against HIV, using established assay systems. However, a >100-fold enhancement of antiviral activity (equivalent to the antiviral activity of lamivudine) could be obtained when assay conditions were modified to reduce the initial viral challenge. Also, the selection of a M184I virus variant during the passage of HIV-1 at high concentrations of ETV confirmed that ETV can exert inhibitory pressure on the virus. These findings may have a significant impact on how future assays are performed with compounds to be used in patients infected with HIV. These results support the recommendation that ETV therapy should be administered in concert with HAART for HIV/HBV-coinfected patients.
On the Evaluation and Consideration of Fracture Mechanical Notch Support Within a Creep-Fatigue Lifetime Assessment (2018)

Changes within the global energy market and a demand for a more flexible operation of gas- and steam-turbines lead to higher utilization of main components and raise the question how to deal with this challenge. One strategy to encounter this is to increase the accuracy of the lifetime assessment by quantifying and reducing conservatisms. At first the impact of considering a fracture mechanical notch support under creep-fatigue loading is studied by discussing the results of an extensive experimental program performed on notched round-bars under global strain control. A proposal of how to consider this fracture mechanical notch support within a lifetime assessment is discussed within the second part of the paper. Here, a theoretical finite element method (FEM)-based concept is introduced and validated by comparing the theoretical prediction with the results of the previously mentioned experimental study. Finally, the applicability of the developed and validated FEM-based procedure is demonstrated.