gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two different motor learning mechanisms contribute to learning reaching movements in a rotated visual environment (2014)

Practice of movement in virtual-reality and other artificially altered environments has been proposed as a method for rehabilitation following neurological injury and for training new skills in healthy humans.&nbsp; For such training to be useful, there must be transfer of learning from the artificial environment to the performance of desired skills in the natural environment.&nbsp; Therefore an important assumption of such methods is that practice in the altered environment engages the same learning and plasticity mechanisms that are required for skill performance in the natural environment.&nbsp; We test the hypothesis that transfer of learning may fail because the learning and plasticity mechanism that adapts to the altered environment is different from the learning mechanism required for improvement of motor skill.&nbsp; In this paper, we propose that a model that separates skill learning and environmental adaptation is necessary to explain the learning and aftereffects that are observed in virtual reality experiments.&nbsp; In particular, we studied the condition where practice in the altered environment should lead to correct skill performance in the original environment. Our 2-mechanism model predicts that aftereffects will still be observed when returning to the original environment, indicating a lack of skill transfer from the artificial environment to the original environment. To illustrate the model prediction, we tested 10 healthy participants on the interaction between a simple overlearned motor skill (straight hand movements to targets in different directions) and an artificially altered visuomotor environment (rotation of visual feedback of the results of movement).&nbsp; As predicted by the models, participants show adaptation to the altered environment and after-effects on return to the baseline environment even when practice in the altered environment should have led to correct skill performance. &nbsp;The presence of aftereffect under all conditions that involved changes in environment demonstrates separation of environmental adaptation and skill learning. Our results support the existence of two distinct learning modules with different adaptation properties.&nbsp; Therefore we suggest that adaptation to an altered environment may not be useful for training new skills.
COLOR VISION BASED ROAD ESTIMATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS (2000)

This paper reports results on the use of color vision for road estimation. A main technique is the use of a transformation of the color video signal to a hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) representation. The hue component then becomes relatively insensitive to shadows and varying road surfaces, facts that often deteriorate the performance of road estimation schemes on unstructured roads. The transformation to a birds-eye perspective by the inverse perspective mapping (IPM) technique brings further clarity to the results. The methods have been tested in schemes for lane change aid and road departure alarm with good results, using live recordings. The test material includes a wide variety of road types, traffic densities and illumination conditions. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.
Wide-Area All-Optical Neurophysiology in Acute Brain Slices (2019)

Optical tools for simultaneous perturbation and measurement of neural activity open the possibility of mapping neural function over wide areas of brain tissue. However, spectral overlap of actuators and reporters presents a challenge for their simultaneous use, and optical scattering and out-of-focus fluorescence in tissue degrade resolution. To minimize optical crosstalk, we combined an optimized variant (eTsChR) of the most blue-shifted channelrhodopsin reported to-date with a nuclear-localized red-shifted Ca<sup>2+</sup> indicator, H2B-jRGECO1a. To perform wide-area optically sectioned imaging in tissue, we designed a structured illumination technique that uses Hadamard matrices to encode spatial information. By combining these molecular and optical approaches we made wide-area functional maps in acute brain slices from mice of both sexes. The maps spanned cortex and striatum and probed the effects of antiepileptic drugs on neural excitability and the effects of AMPA and NMDA receptor blockers on functional connectivity. Together, these tools provide a powerful capability for wide-area mapping of neuronal excitability and functional connectivity in acute brain slices.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> A new technique for simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and calcium imaging across wide areas of brain slice enables high-throughput mapping of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission.
Experimental campaign on a servo-actuated pantograph (2002)

Many interesting technical problems arise from the development of high speed trains current collection is one of the more important. The dynamic behaviour of a pantograph-catenary system make the electrical contact between the catenary and the contact-shoe unreliable. An insufficient quality of current collection causes a lot of negative consequences such as: insufficient current pick up, excessive wear of contact shoes and wires, power and control electronics malfunction, high EMI. Many Researchers have investigated the problem of optimum current pick up and many different solutions have been proposed in the past years. Since 1993 the Researchers of University of Florence have proposed the idea of a servo-actuated pantograph. The purpose of these studies was the development of a system including sensors and actuators able to regulate the value of relevant variables, such as contact force, at an optimum level researchers of Italian Railways found the proposal of a servo-actuated pantograph very interesting so the two groups began to co-operate. After the development of simulation models to evaluate performance and robustness of some control techniques for a servo-actuated pantograph, the authors arranged an experimental campaign in order to verify the results of simulations and to develop a first prototype of servo-actuated pantograph. This paper describes some simulation and experimental results obtained during the campaign which is currently going on.
STREX (2013)

Online transaction processing (OLTP) workload performance suffers from instruction stalls; the instruction footprint of a typical transaction exceeds by far the capacity of an L1 cache, leading to ongoing cache thrashing. Several proposed techniques remove some instruction stalls in exchange for error-prone instrumentation to the code base, or a sharp increase in the L1-I cache unit area and power. Others reduce instruction miss latency by better utilizing a shared L2 cache. SLICC [2], a recently proposed thread migration technique that exploits transaction instruction locality, is promising for high core counts but performs sub-optimally or may hurt performance when running on few cores.
Highly Sensitive Implementation of Logic Gates with a Nonlinear Nanomechanical Resonator (2021)

We introduce a theoretical concept of logic gates for sequenced data that contain a large number of data bits to be computed using a nonlinear nanomechanical resonator. Resonantly driven nanomechanical modes display the bistability of forced vibrations. Near the cusp point on the bifurcation curve, even a small change in driving force can lead to switching between the vibrational states with significantly different amplitudes. This enables a highly sensitive implementation of logic gates, including and, or, and xor gates. The underlying principles are simple and generic, suggesting that our method is applicable not only to nanomechanical systems but also to a wide variety of bistable physical, chemical, and biological systems.
Manifold-Based Signal Recovery and Parameter Estimation from Compressive Measurements (2010)

A field known as Compressive Sensing (CS) has recently emerged to help address the growing challenges of capturing and processing high-dimensional signals and data sets. CS exploits the surprising fact that the information contained in a sparse signal can be preserved in a small number of compressive (or random) linear measurements of that signal. Strong theoretical guarantees have been established on the accuracy to which sparse or near-sparse signals can be recovered from noisy compressive measurements. In this paper, we address similar questions in the context of a different modeling framework. Instead of sparse models, we focus on the broad class of manifold models, which can arise in both parametric and non-parametric signal families. Building upon recent results concerning the stable embeddings of manifolds within the measurement space, we establish both deterministic and probabilistic instance-optimal bounds in $\ell_2$ for manifold-based signal recovery and parameter estimation from noisy compressive measurements. In line with analogous results for sparsity-based CS, we conclude that much stronger bounds are possible in the probabilistic setting. Our work supports the growing empirical evidence that manifold-based models can be used with high accuracy in compressive signal processing.
Spin-dependent transport in the p-type ultra-narrow silicon quantum well (2006)

We present the findings of the spin-dependent transport of the 2D holes in the p-type ultra-narrow self-assembled silicon quantum well (Si-QW) confined by the superconductor barriers on the n-type Si (100) surface. The Aharonov-Casher conductance oscillations caused by the Rashba spin-orbit interaction are found to interplay with the quantization phenomena induced by the creation of the two-dimensional subbands in Si-QW and the quantum subbands due to the Andreev reflection from the superconductor barriers.
Formation of a 1-Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl Anion and an Experimental Determination of the Acidity and C−H Bond Dissociation Energy of 3-<i>tert</i>-Butylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (2002)

Decarboxylation of 1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanecarboxylate anion does not afford 1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl anion as previously assumed. Instead, a ring-opening isomerization which ultimately leads to 1,4-pentadien-2-yl anion takes place. A 1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl anion was prepared nevertheless via the fluoride-induced desilylation of 1-tert-butyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane. The electron affinity of 3-tert-butyl-1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl radical (14.8 plus minus 3.2 kcal/mol) was measured by bracketing, and the acidity of 1-tert-butylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (408.5 +/- 0.9) was determined by the DePuy kinetic method. These values are well-reproduced by G2 and G3 calculations and can be combined in a thermodynamic cycle to provide a bridgehead C-H bond dissociation energy (BDE) of 109.7 +/- 3.3 kcal/mol for 1-tert-butylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane. This bond energy is the strongest tertiary C-H bond to be measured, is much larger than the corresponding bond in isobutane (96.5 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol), and is more typical of an alkene or aromatic compound. The large BDE can be explained in terms of hybridization.
General Dynamic Logic (1994)

Abstract A ‘logical system’ is a complex architecture for analysing one or more styles of reasoning. This paper approaches this notion by example, focussing on current ‘dynamic’ conceptions of logic, as being concerned both with declarative propositions and with cognitive procedures of update, revision, etc. The semantic model proposed for this purpose is a general dynamic logic (inspired by dynamic logic in computer science). We show how this architecture leads to (1) new perspectives on logical constants (essentially, these become invariants in an infinite hierarchy of process simulations), (2) notions of inference (which may be classified via sets of structural rules and corresponding representation theorems) as well as (3) a systematic study of switching mechanisms between static and dynamic levels, effecting a flow of information between short-term and long-term reasoning.
Quantitative Trait Loci That Determine BMD in C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ Inbred Mice (2006)

Two QTLs were common for both total body and vertebral aBMD: Bmd20 on chromosome (Chr) 6 (total aBMD; peak cM 26, logarithm of odds [LOD] 3.8, and vertebral aBMD; cM 32, LOD 3.6) and Bmd22 on Chr 1 (total aBMD; cM 104, LOD 2.5, and vertebral aBMD; cM 98, LOD 2.6). A QTL on Chr 10 (Bmd21, cM 68, LOD 3.0) affected total body aBMD and a QTL on Chr 7 (Bmd9, cM 44, LOD 2.7) affected vertebral aBMD. A pairwise genome-wide search did not reveal significant gene-gene interactions. Collectively, the QTLs accounted for 21.6% of total aBMD and 17.3% of vertebral aBMD of the F(2) population variances. Bmd9 was previously identified in a cross between C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ mice, and we narrowed this QTL from 34 to 22 cM by combining the data from these crosses. By examining the Bmd9 region for conservation of ancestral alleles among the low allele strains (129S1/SvImJ and C3H/HeJ) that differed from the high allele strain (C57BL/6J), we further narrowed the region to approximately 9.9 cM, where the low allele strains share a common haplotype. Identifying the genes for these QTLs will enhance our understanding of skeletal biology.
A compact rotary series elastic actuator for knee joint assistive system (2010)

Precise and large torque generation, back-drivability, low output impedance, and compactness of hardware are important requirements for human assistive robots. In this paper, a compact rotary series elastic actuator (cRSEA) is designed considering these requirements. To magnify the torque generated by an electric motor in the limited space of the compact device, a worm gear is utilized. However, the actual torque amplification ratio provided by the worm gear is different from the nominal speed reduction ratio due to friction, which makes the controller design challenging. In this paper, the friction effect is considered in the model of cRSEA, and a robust control algorithm is designed to precisely control the torque output in the presence of nonlinearities such as the friction. The mechanical design and dynamic model of the proposed device and the design of a robust control algorithm are discussed, and actuation performance is verified by experiments.
Parental Condition and Infant Sex at Birth in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study: A Test of the Trivers–Willard Hypothesis (2017)

The Trivers–Willard hypothesis predicts that females in good condition should bear more sons rather than daughters in certain mammals, including humans. This study tests the hypothesis by using 66,638 childbirth records from a national birth cohort survey in current Japan. Our analyses showed that, contrary to the hypothesis, indicators of parental condition, such as mother’s age, body mass index, job status, education level, medical history, or household income, had few statistically significant effects on infant sex at birth. In previous studies investigating the Trivers–Willard hypothesis, the results have been quite mixed and inconclusive. We discuss some theoretical and methodological challenges towards a precise understanding of the hypothesis in human populations.
The bond length of chromium dimer (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe bond length of chromium dimerD. L. Michalopoulos, M. E. Geusic, S. G. Hansen, D. E. Powers, and R. E. SmalleyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 20, 3914–3916Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/j100217a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views450Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (401 KB) Get e-Alerts
Fiber lasers and amplifiers for science and exploration at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (2005)

We discuss present and near-term uses for high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers for NASA- specific applications including planetary topography and atmospheric spectroscopy. Fiber lasers and amplifiers offer numerous advantages for both near-term and future deployment of instruments on exploration and science remote sensing orbiting satellites. Ground-based and airborne systems provide an evolutionary path to space and a means for calibration and verification of space-borne systems. We present experimental progress on both the fiber transmitters and instrument prototypes for ongoing development efforts. These near-infrared instruments are laser sounders and lidars for measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor and methane and a pseudo-noise (PN) code laser ranging system. The associated fiber transmitters include high-power erbium, ytterbium, neodymium and Raman fiber amplifiers. In addition, we will discuss near-term fiber laser and amplifier requirements and programs for NASA free space optical communications, planetary topography and atmospheric spectroscopy.
A Phase II Study of the Dual mTOR Inhibitor MLN0128 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). (2016)

e16529 Background: MLN0128 is a first-in-class, dual mTOR inhibitor that has the potential to overcome resistance seen with standard rapalogs through inhibition of both TORC1 and TORC2. This phase II study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of MLN0128 in mCRPC . Methods: Patients (pts) with mCRPC previously treated with abiraterone acetate (AA) and/or enzalutamide (ENZ). Prior docetaxel (Doc) was allowed. 5 pts started MLN0128 at 5 mg po once daily (qd), all were dose reduced once to 4mg po qd and 2 pts subsequently dose reduced again to 3mg po qd. 4 pts were started on MLN0128 at 4 mg po qd with no dose reductions. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 6 months as defined by the Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 with a planned accrual of 21-42 pts. Results: 9 pts (8 post AA and ENZ, 1 post ENZ, 4 post Doc) were enrolled with a median time on treatment of 11 weeks (3-30 weeks). 1 out of 9 pts (11%) achieved the trial endpoint. The best response was stable disease. All pts had a rise in PSA on treatment with a median of 159% increase from baseline (range of 12-620%) and 5 pts (56%) had an immediate PSA decline following discontinuation of drug. Pts had an average baseline circulating tumor cell count of 51.4 cells/7.5ml (2-401), none of which converted ≤ 5 post treatment. 7 out of 9 pts had matched biopsies, analysis is ongoing. The most common grade ≤ 2 adverse events were: fatigue (89%), anorexia (78%), and maculopapular rash (67%). The most common serious adverse events related to treatment were grade 3 dyspnea and rash. All 5 pts who started on 5mg of study drug daily were dose reduced to 4mg daily due to rash, fatigue, oral mucositis or diarrhea. 8 of the 9 pts discontinued treatment before the trial endpoint due to radiographic progression (n = 2), grade 3 toxicity (n = 4) and investigator discretion (n = 3). Conclusions: All 9 pts were heavily pretreated. Due to limited response and tolerance at the recommended phase 2 dose of 5 mg, and PSA kinetics suggestive of AR activation in response to dual mTOR inhibition, we elected to close this trial and focus on reciprocal feedback activation with combined AR/PI3K therapy in mCRPC. Supported by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, SPORE CA092629. Clinical trial information: NCT02091531.
Convenient mass spectral technique for structural studies on oligosaccharides (1979)

A. K. Ganguly, N. F. Cappuccino, H. Fujiwara and A. K. Bose, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 148 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000148
Energy Transfer pathways in PSI-LHCI probed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy (2020)

By combining broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy and global analysis, we temporally and spectrally resolve ultrafast energy transfer processes in the isolated Photosystem I-Light Harvesting Complex I (PSI-LHCI) supercomplex of spinach with open reaction centers.
Definition and Location of Homogeneous Regions in Radar Backscatter. (1982)

Abstract : Two definitions of radar clutter homogeneity are presented and tested on clutter data supplied by the Signal Processing Laboratory at Rome Air Development Center. The two-dimensional spectra of clutter regions are individually tested for compliance with the rough clutter definition. The isodistributive definition utilizes a non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) statistical test to locate clutter regions whose individual resolution cells possess identical backscatter populations. The regions which conform to the rough clutter definition of homogeneity are seen to be areas of low intensity backscatter or areas dominated by thermal noise. The isodistributive regions that are located in the clutter data correspond to the areas between high-intensity regions.
Neutrophils regulate ITPR2 levels in epithelia by direct injection of elastase (2022)

The destructive role of neutrophils in inflammation is well known 1 but they also have less damaging effects such as tissue remodeling and modulation of metabolism 2, 3 . Usually, neutrophils in tissues release toxic or digestive compounds into the extracellular region 4–8 . Here we report that neutrophils can inject their granule contents directly into hepatocytes. Neutrophil elastase within the hepatocytes selectively degrades the inositol trisphosphate receptor (ITPR), especially the type 2 isoform which is the predominant intracellular calcium release channel in these cells 9 . This action reduces calcium signals and cell proliferation without cellular damage. In response, the hepatocytes increase expression of serpins E2 and A3, which block the effect of elastase. This phenomenon is also observed in liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic hepatitis, a condition characterized by infiltration of neutrophils 10, 11 . This non-destructive and reversible effect on hepatocytes defines a previously unappreciated role of neutrophils in transiently regulating signaling mechanisms in epithelia.