gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric properties and a device based on n-InSb and p-InAs (2007)

The authors measured the temperature dependence of thermoelectric properties and fabricated a device based on n-InSb and p-InAs bulk crystals. The temperature was ranged from 300to600K. The power factor of n-InSb was over 10−3W∕mK2 over the entire temperature range, and that of p-InAs was nearly 10−3W∕mK2 between 300 and 500K. The open output voltage and the maximum output power of the device were 323mV and 186.0μW, respectively, when the temperature difference was 160K. The authors proposed a device with impedance matching and a capacitor, and found that in the time-averaged region, the output power became a maximum, even when the internal resistance of the device was not equal to the load resistance.
Interplay of Spin and Orbital Orderings in Perovskite Manganites (1997)

We present an exact diagonalization study for perovskite manganites using an effective Hamiltonian which includes a coupling between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom derived from a strong on-site Coulomb interaction and orbital degeneracy of Mn ions. We investigate spin and orbital orderings as well as their excitations for the undoped insulating and the doped charge-ordered phases using three-dimensional 2 ×2 ×2 clusters to maintain proper symmetry of the systems. It is shown that the anisotropic magnetic structures, such as A-type antiferromagnetic ordering, are realized by self-adjustment of the orbital ordering where the orbital degeneracy is lifted by spins, indicating a strong interplay of spins and orbitals.
Structure−Activity Relationships of Acetylcholinesterase Noncovalent Inhibitors Based on a Polyamine Backbone. 4. Further Investigation on the Inner Spacer (2008)

Novel multi-target-directed ligands were designed by replacing the inner dipiperidino function of 3 with less flexible or completely rigid moieties to obtain compounds endowed with multiple biological properties that might be relevant to Alzheimer's disease. 15 was the most interesting, inhibiting AChE in the nanomolar range and inhibiting AChE-induced and self-promoted beta-amyloid aggregation in the micromolar range.
Capillary Electrochromatography−Mass Spectrometry of Nonionic Surfactants (2007)

The Triton X (TX)-series are alkylphenol polyethoxylates -type nonionic surfactants of varying numbers of ethylene oxide units. Applications include industrial and household detergent formulations as well as emulsifying agents. For analysis of these surfactants, capillary electrochromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CEC-ESI-MS) offers several unique advantages over the traditional hyphenation methods based on HPLC-MS. These include higher plate numbers attainable in CEC-MS, as well as more compatible flow rate (submicroliter) when coupled to ESI-MS and, perhaps most importantly, less consumption of toxic and costly organic solvents. In this work, different CEC-ESI-MS parameters such as mobile-phase composition, sheath liquid, and spray chamber parameters were optimized to provide suitable and sensitive analysis of short-, medium-, and long-chain length (e.g., n = 1-16) TX-series nonionic surfactants. The optimized CEC-ESI-MS conditions were mobile phase containing 90/10 ACN/2.5 mM Tris, pH 8, sheath liquid containing 50/50 MeOH/10 mM HCO(2)NH(4) delivered at 5 microL/min, spray chamber set to drying gas flow of 6 mL/min, nebulizer pressure of 5 psi, and drying gas temperature set to 200 degrees C. This optimization is followed by the more challenging separation of very long chain TX-series with a large number (n = 30-70) of ethoxy units, which were initially found to exhibit extreme retention using the developed method. It was observed that through the addition of small volume fraction of polar-aprotic tetrahydrofuran solvent to the running buffer, the retention time could be significantly reduced thus enhancing the feasibility for CEC-ESI-MS analysis of these very long chain nonionic surfactants for the first time. The detection limit was approximately 37 microg/mL total octylphenol ethoxylate for TX-45; acceptable precision of migration time (<1% RSD, n = 3) and peak area ( approximately 4% RSD, n = 3) were achieved.
Patterning of gold film on muscovite mica by using a helium-metastable atom beam and an octanethiol self-assembled monolayer (2003)

Using a helium-metastable atom beam and an octanethiol (OT) self-assembled monolayer (SAM), we carried out atom lithography to the gold film on muscovite mica having a flat surface. A large intact area and a clear pattern with a nanoscale width ∼80–100 nm of the etched step was obtained. The gold surface, as well as the surface of the mica substrate, was flat. From the analysis of the roughness, appreciable gold islands were not detected in the area exposed to the He* atom beam. This finding demonstrates that the OT SAMs on atomically flat surfaces can be used as a resist for exposure to metastable-atom beams.
Critical Evaluation of Quantitative Sampling Methods for &lt;I&gt;Aedes aegypti&lt;/I&gt; (Diptera: Culicidae) Immatures in Water Storage Containers in Vietnam (2007)

In response to an identified paucity of information on the size and composition of immature Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in large field containers, we assessed net sampling and pumping/sieving methods for estimating and enumerating third (III)/fourth (IV) instar and pupal populations. Sweep net detection thresholds (number above which > or = 90% chance of a positive sample) were < or = 28 immatures for seven different container types (115-3000 liter jars and tanks) in the laboratory, and mean recovery percentages varied by container type (6.15-41.29 and 7.39-33.10% for III/IV instars and pupae, respectively). A pumping method or hand bailing was applied in the field for the collection of III/IV instars and pupae from 406 receptacles, of which 343 had been previously sampled via a five-sweep netting technique. Larvae were 9.30 times more prevalent than pupae, and abundance varied by container type with means of 36-537 III/IV instars and 6-53 pupae per receptacle. Sweep netting for III/IV instars effectively identified 86.2% of Ae. aegypti-positive containers, whereas sampling for pupae detected only 43.1% of positive containers. When conversion factors (inverse of laboratory recovery percentages) were applied to field net sampling data, estimates of container populations were more accurate for III/IV instars than pupae (maximum R2 = 0.610 and 0.328, respectively); however, the relationship between immature abundance and emergent adult populations remains to be defined.
Optical pulse shaping using optical coherent transients (2002)

Using multiple temporally-overlapped, frequency offset and phase-tuned, linear frequency chirps, a new method of multi-GHz optical coherent transient optical pulse shaping and processing in inhomogeneously broadened rare-earth doped crystals is proposed. Using this technique with properly chirped laser sources, multi-GHz processing can be controlled with conventional low-bandwidth electronics and optical modulators. Specifically, this technique enables pulse shaping in the MHz to THz frequency regime with time-bandwidth-products exceeding 100,000, filling the gap between the operating regimes of femtosecond pulse shaping and analog electronics. The low bandwidth (~20 MHz) proof-of-concept demonstrations presented in this paper include pulse train creation, selfconvolution, auto-correlation, and chirped pulse compression.
The effect of a carbohydrate-rich beverage on mood, appetite, and cognitive function in women with premenstrual syndrome (1995)

To test the efficacy of a specially-formulated, carbohydrate-rich beverage (one known to increase the serum ratio of tryptophan to other large neutral amino acids) on the mood, cognitive, and appetitive disturbances of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Twenty-four women with confirmed PMS were enrolled in a double-blind, crossover study to test the efficacy of the specially-formulated beverage compared with two other isocaloric products on PMS symptoms. The study was conducted over three menstrual cycles preceded by a 1-month placebo run-in. Patients were tested at home or work using an interactive computer-telephone system. Standardized measurements of mood, cognitive performance, and food cravings were made before and 30, 90, and 180 minutes after consumption of active and placebo beverages during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The experimental carbohydrate intervention significantly decreased self-reported depression, anger, confusion, and carbohydrate craving 90–180 minutes after intake. Memory word recognition was also improved significantly compared with scores obtained during the placebo run-in month (P < .05). The isocaloric placebo interventions had no significant effect on any of these measures. The results suggest that the psychological and appetitive symptoms of PMS can be relieved after consuming a specially-formulated, carbohydrate-rich beverage known to increase serum tryptophan levels.
The Concept of AI-Based Algorithm: Analysis of CEUS Images and HSPs for Identification of Early Parenchymal Changes in Severe Acute Pancreatitis (2021)

(1) Background: Identifying early pancreas parenchymal changes remains a challenging radiologic diagnostic task. In this study, we hypothesized that applying artificial intelligence (AI) to contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) along with measurement of Heat Shock Protein (HSP)-70 levels could improve detection of early pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis. (2) Methods: Acute pancreatitis $(n=146)$ and age- and sex matched healthy controls $(n=50)$ were enrolled in the study. The severity of acute pancreatitis was determined according to the revised Atlanta classification. The selected severe acute pancreatitis (AP) patient and an age/sex-matched healthy control were analysed for the algorithm initiation. Peripheral blood samples from the pancreatitis patient were collected on admission and HSP-70 levels were measured using ELISA. A CEUS device acquired multiple mechanical index contrast-specific mode images. Manual contour selection of the two-dimensional (2D) spatial region of interest (ROI) followed by calculations of the set of quantitative parameters. Image processing calculations and extraction of quantitative parameters from the CEUS diagnostic images were performed using algorithms implemented in the MATLAB software. (3) Results: Serum HSP-70 levels were 100.246 ng/ml (mean 76.4 ng/ml) at the time of the acute pancreatitis diagnosis. The CEUS Peek value was higher (155.5) and the mean transit time was longer (40.1 s) for healthy pancreas than in parenchyma affected by necrosis (46.5 and 34.6 s, respectively). (4) Conclusions: The extracted quantitative parameters and HSP-70 biochemical changes are suitable to be used further for AI-based classification of pancreas pathology cases and automatic estimation of pancreatic necrosis in AP.
Response of the Black Sea methane budget to massive short-term submarine inputs of methane (2011)

Abstract. A steady state box model was developed to estimate the methane input into the Black Sea water column at various water depths. Our model results reveal a total input of methane of 4.7 Tg yr−1. The model predicts that the input of methane is largest at water depths between 600 and 700 m (7% of the total input), suggesting that the dissociation of methane gas hydrates at water depths equivalent to their upper stability limit may represent an important source of methane into the water column. In addition we discuss the effects of massive short-term methane inputs (e.g. through eruptions of deep-water mud volcanoes or submarine landslides at intermediate water depths) on the water column methane distribution and the resulting methane emission to the atmosphere. Our non-steady state simulations predict that these inputs will be effectively buffered by intense microbial methane consumption and that the upward flux of methane is strongly hampered by the pronounced density stratification of the Black Sea water column. For instance, an assumed input of methane of 179 Tg CH4 d−1 (equivalent to the amount of methane released by 1000 mud volcano eruptions) at a water depth of 700 m will only marginally influence the sea/air methane flux increasing it by only 3%.
A novel frequency independent third-order intermodulation distortion cancellation technique for BJT amplifiers (2002)

Second-harmonic control is implemented in a balanced common-emitter configuration to facilitate frequency independent third-order intermodulation distortion (IM3) cancellation. Experiments demonstrated an over 15 dB improvement in the output third-order intercept point (OIP3).
Energy efficient in-memory AES encryption based on nonvolatile domain-wall nanowire (2014)

The widely applied Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm is critical in secure big-data storage. Data oriented applications have imposed high throughput and low power, i.e., energy efficiency (J/bit), requirements when applying AES encryption. This paper explores an in-memory AES encryption using the newly introduced domain-wall nanowire. We show that all AES operations can be fully mapped to a logic-in-memory architecture by non-volatile domain-wall nanowire, called DW-AES. The experimental results show that DW-AES can achieve the best energy efficiency of 24 pJ/bit, which is 9X and 6.5X times better than CMOS ASIC and memristive CMOL implementations, respectively. Under the same area budget, the proposed DW-AES exhibits 6.4X higher throughput and 29% power saving compared to a CMOS ASIC implementation; 1.7X higher throughput and 74% power reduction compared to a memristive CMOL implementation.
Monoclonal Antibody Recognizing a Unique Rh-Related Specificity (1993)

A mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) UMRh, was prepared by immunizing Balb/c mice with the Jurkat T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T- ALL) cell line. The MAb UMRh is directed against a widely distributed Rh-related cell surface antigen, present on red blood cells (RBCs) expressing the more common Rh phenotypes. The antigen has reduced expression on RBCs of-D-, DC^W-/DC^W-, Rh(mod) and Rh(null)phenotypes. UMRh immunoblotted a unique pattern on RBC membrane preparations of two bands at 40 and 43 kD and a diffuse pattern extending upward to about 55 kD. The UMRh antigen is also present on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, granulocytes, platelets, leukemic cells of T cell, B cell and myeloid origins, hematopoietic stem cells, and two tumor lines (lung and colon carcinoma). The number of UMRh sites per RBC (CDe/ce) was determined to be 5,519 copies/cell, whereas the sites on a -D- phenotype RBC were 1,096 copies/cell. A T-ALL line (CEM) expressed 333,364 copies/cell and a myeloid line (KG-1) expressed 90,913 copies/cell. Several Rh-related murine MAbs have been described, but our data indicates that UMRh recognizes a previously uncharacterized Rh- related specificity.
[LAPAROSCOPICALLY-ASSISTED ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS TRANSABDOMINAL OOCYTE COLLECTION: FERTILITY PRESERVATION IN A 17-YEARS-OLD GIRL WITH VAGINAL EWING SARCOMA]. (2018)

Options for preserving fertility in children and adolescents with cancer depend on patient age, the available time frame, and the treatment regimen. Ovarian stimulation with mature oocyte preservation is often the optimal method in post-menarcheal adolescents. We describe a case of a 17-year-old girl with vaginal soft-tissue Ewing sarcoma in whom transvaginal oocyte collection for fertility preservation was ruled out by the large tumor. To overcome the limitations of the transabdominal approach, we applied a novel method of laparoscopically-assisted ultrasound-guided percutaneous transabdominal oocyte collection. In this manner, we were able to both perform oophorectomy and obtain superficial and deep ovarian follicles for cryopreservation.
Pump arrangement for kilowatt fiber lasers (2004)

Thermal effects and influences on kilowatt double-clad fiber lasers with bidirectional end pump and distributed pump are compared through numerical modeling. With an optimized pump arrangement, the thermal effects can be effectively suppressed.
Liquid acrobatics (2008)

We experiment with injecting a continuous stream of gas into a shallow liquid, similar to how one might blow into a straw placed at the bottom of a near-empty drink. By varying the angle of the straw (here a metal needle), we observe a variety of dynamics, which we film using a high-speed camera. Most noteworthy is an intermediate regime in which cyclical jets erupt from the air-liquid interface and breakup into air-born droplets. These droplets trace out a parabolic trajectory and bounce on the air-liquid interface before eventually coalescing. The shape of each jet, as well as the time between jets, is remarkably similar and leads to droplets with nearly identical trajectories. The following article accompanies the linked fluid dynamics video submitted to the Gallery of Fluid Motion in 2008.
Paradoxical role of ifn in rabv infection (2012)

A series of experiments clearly indicate that RABV infection is sensitive to type 1 IFN signaling and that P and N protein-mediated IFN evasion is efficient to promote virus replication. Nevertheless, in the course of infection, the IFN induction in the whole RABV-infected nervous system, NS, is far from being abrogated. Indeed, after injection of RABV (Challenge Virus Standard, CVS strain) into the hindlimbs of mice, a progressive infection within the spinal cord and the brain is accompanied by a robust innate immune response characterized by a type 1 IFN response. It may not be surprising that IFN can be produced in the NS during infection because the mechanisms evolved by RABV to escape the IFN response are restricted to infected neurons, the only cell type expressing the P and N proteins. These mechanisms cannot operate in glial cells because they do not express any viral proteins, glial cells being rarely infected in vivo. Nevertheless, glial cells are innate-immuno-competent cells and they do not need to be infected to mount an innate immune response suggesting that non infected glial cells may be the source of heterocellular IFN in the RABV -nfected NS. One can wonder what the function of the heterocellular IFN in RABV infection is. Beside intrinsic antiviral properties, IFN also controls the expression of a large number of IFN stimulated genes (ISG). The ligand of the Programmed death protein-1, (PDL-1) (also named B7-H1), is an ISG which expression is upregulated in RABV-infected NS and which has been demonstrated to be a critical factor for RABV neuroinvasiveness. Thus, it can be proposed that RABV evades the antiviral effect of IFN in the infected neurons, whereas RABV benefits from the heterocellular IFN to facilitate its progression in the NS.
Drifter motion in the Gulf of Mexico constrained by altimetric Lagrangian coherent structures (2013)

Application of recent geometric tools for Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) shows that material attraction in geostrophic velocities derived from altimetry data imposed an important constraint to the motion of drifters from the Grand Lagrangian Deployment (GLAD) in the Gulf of Mexico. This material attraction is largely transparent to traditional Eulerian analysis. Attracting LCS acted as approximate centerpieces for mesoscale patterns formed by the drifters. Persistently attracting LCS cores emerged 1 week before the development of a filament resembling the “tiger tail” of the Deepwater Horizon oil slick, thereby anticipating its formation. Our results suggest that the mesoscale circulation plays a significant role in shaping near‐surface transport in the Gulf of Mexico.
Health impacts of environmental contamination of micro- and nanoplastics: a review (2020)

Plastics are extensively used in our daily life. However, a significant amount of plastic waste is discharged to the environment directly or via improper reuse or recycling. Degradation of plastic waste generates micro- or nano-sized plastic particles that are defined as micro- or nanoplastics (MNPs). Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles with a diameter less than 5 mm, while nanoplastics (NPs) range in diameter from 1 to 100 or 1000 nm. In the current review, we first briefly summarized the environmental contamination of MNPs and then discussed their health impacts based on existing MNP research. Our review indicates that MNPs can be detected in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide and be ingested and accumulated by animals along the food chain. Evidence has suggested the harmful health impacts of MNPs on marine and freshwater animals. Recent studies found MPs in human stool samples, suggesting that humans are exposed to MPs through food and/or drinking water. However, the effect of MNPs on human health is scarcely researched. In addition to the MNPs themselves, these tiny plastic particles can release plastic additives and/or adsorb other environmental chemicals, many of which have been shown to exhibit endocrine disrupting and other toxic effects. In summary, we conclude that more studies are necessary to provide a comprehensive understanding of MNP pollution hazards and also provide a basis for the subsequent pollution management and control.
Distribution of HIV-1 Subtypes Among HIV-Seropositive Patients in the Interior of Côte d'Ivoire (2000)

Limited data exist on the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study is to describe the distribution of genetic subtypes of HIV-1 strains in six regions of Côte d'Ivoire. In 1997, we consecutively collected blood from 172 HIV-1-infected patients from six regional tuberculosis treatment centers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these people were analyzed by a restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) assay that involves a sequential endonuclease digestion of a 297-base pair polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment; plasma samples were tested by a V3-loop peptide enzyme immunoassay (PEIA). DNA sequencing of the protease or env genes was performed on all samples discordant in the two assays as well as a random sample of the concordant subtyped samples. Of 172 specimens, 3 were PCR-negative, and 169 were putatively classified as subtype A by RFLP. The 3 PCR-negative samples were unequivocally subtyped A by PEIA. Of the 169 RFLP subtype A samples, 159 (94%) were subtyped A by PEIA. Of the 10 discordant samples, PEIA testing classified 3 as subtype C, 2 as D, and 5 as F. Sequencing of the env gene classified these samples as 1 subtype A, 4 Ds, and 5 Gs. Thus, 163 (95%) of the specimens were subtype A, 3 subtype D, 4 subtype G, 1 A/D, and 1 A/G (IbNG) circulating recombinant forms (CRF). In conclusion, most HIV-1-infected tuberculosis patients throughout the interior of Côte d'Ivoire are infected with HIV-1 subtype A, which are very likely the A/G (IbNG) CRF. The uniform distribution of this subtype makes Côte d'Ivoire a potential site for vaccine trials.