gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The flexible compact SOI-MOSFET model HiSIM-SOI valid for any structural types (2011)

We have developed the HiSIM-SOI model which is a complete surface-potential-based compact model valid for any structural variations of SOI-MOSFETs. This work focuses on how to calculate the three surface-potential values at the FOX/SOI-layer surface, the SOI-layer/BOX surface, and the BOX/substrate surface. The Newton iteration with three variables is investigated. With good initial guesses of the three surface potentials, accurate solutions are obtained with small number of iterations. Dynamically switching depletion modes are achieved by considering all possible charges induced within the device explicitly. Furthermore, SPICE simulation of 100-stage NAND chains demonstrates stable convergence of the surface-potential Newton iteration for any bias conditions.
Catalytic Reduction of Hydrazine to Ammonia by a Mononuclear Iron(II) Complex on a Tris(thiolato)phosphine Platform (2013)

To provide the mechanistic information of nitrogenase at a molecular level, much effort has been made to develop synthetic metal complexes that have enzyme-like reactivity. Herein we obtain an iron(II) complex binding with a tris(thiolato)phosphine ligand, [P(Ph)4][Fe(PS3″)(CH3CN)] [1; PS3″ = P(C6H3-3-Me3Si-2-S)3(3-)] that catalyzes the reduction of hydrazine, an intermediate and a substrate of nitrogenase. The substrate- and product-bound adducts, [N(Bu)4][Fe(PS3″)(N2H4)] (2) and [N(Et)4][Fe(PS3″)(NH3)] (3), respectively, are also synthesized. This work provides the feasibility that the late stage of biological nitrogen fixation can be conducted at a single iron site with a sulfur-rich ligation environment.
Information Needed to Support Knowing the Patient (2013)

"Knowing the patient" is an essential element of nursing practice. Despite a key finding in prior studies, few scholars have directly inquired about the meaning of knowing the patient with nurses. We aimed to describe the meaning of knowing the patient and investigate how nurses obtain the information needed to support knowing the patient. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 12 nurses caring for pediatric patients on intensive care units. Nurses described knowing the patient as knowing clinical and personal information for individualized care. Verbal, paper-based, and electronic information sources were used to gather information needed to know the patient. The use of a paper-based supportive tool was the most valuable information source for nurses to know their patients. Future studies must further investigate the use of these paper-based tools and offer electronic solutions to support nurses in knowing their patients.
Detection of the <i>mcr‐1</i> gene in colistin‐resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> from retail meat in Japan (2017)

In this study, the presence of the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli from retail meat in Japan was investigated. Nine E. coli isolates (eight from chickens and one from pork) carried the mcr-1 gene on the plasmid. In six isolates from domestic chickens, mcr-1 was located on the IncI2 plasmid, which is approximately 60 kb in size. In the remaining three isolates from imported chicken and pork, mcr-1 was located on the IncX4 plasmid (30 kb).
A Wireless and Wearable Body-Pressure-Monitoring System for the Prevention of Pressure-Induced Skin Injuries (2023)

This article presents a wireless and wearable body-pressure-monitoring system for the on-site, real-time prevention of pressure injuries for immobilized patients. For the prevention of pressure-induced skin injuries, a wearable pressure sensor system is designed to monitor the pressure at multiple sites on the skin and to alert the danger of prolonged application of pressure on the skin with a pressure-time integral (PTI) algorithm. The wearable sensor unit is developed using a pressure sensor based on a liquid metal microchannel and integrated with a flexible printed circuit board that includes a thermistor-type temperature sensor. The wearable sensor unit array is connected to the readout system board for the transmission of measured signals to a mobile device or PC via Bluetooth communication. We evaluate the pressure-sensing performances of the sensor unit and the feasibility of the wireless and wearable body-pressure-monitoring system through an indoor test and a preliminary clinical test at the hospital. It is shown that the presented pressure sensor has high-quality performance with excellent sensitivity to detect both high and low pressure. The proposed system measures the pressure at bony sites on the skin for about six hours continuously without any disconnection or failure, and the PTI-based alarming system operates successfully in the clinical setup. The system measures the pressure applied to the patient and provides meaningful information from the measured data for early diagnosis and prevention of bedsores to doctors, nurses, and healthcare workers.
Optical properties of tumor tissues grown on the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken eggs: tumor model to assay of tumor response to photodynamic therapy (2015)

Herein, the optical adequacy of a tumor model prepared with tumor cells grown on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a chicken egg is evaluated as an alternative to the mouse tumor model to assess the optimal irradiation conditions in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The optical properties of CAM and mouse tumor tissues were measured with a double integrating sphere and the inverse Monte Carlo technique in the 350- to 1000-nm wavelength range. The hemoglobin and water absorption bands observed in the CAM tumor tissue (10 eggs and 10 tumors) are equal to that of the mouse tumor tissue (8 animals and 8 tumors). The optical intersubject variability of the CAM tumor tissues meets or exceeds that of the mouse tumor tissues, and the reduced scattering coefficient spectra of CAM tumor tissues can be equated with those of mouse tumor tissues. These results confirm that the CAM tumor model is a viable alternative to the mouse tumor model, especially for deriving optimal irradiation conditions in PDT.
The Associations of Regional Adipose Tissue With Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels in HIV-Infected Men (2008)

HIV-infected men are more likely than controls to have higher triglycerides and lower HDL-C, which promote atherosclerosis, but also lower LDL-C. Less leg SAT and more VAT are important factors associated with high triglycerides and low HDL-C in HIV-infected men. The reduced leg SAT in HIV-infected men with lipoatrophy places them at increased risk for proatherogenic dyslipidemia.
Vitamin E TPGS-Emulsified Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Restenosis Treatment (2007)

TPGS-emulsified PLGA nanoparticles have great potential for the effective and sustainable delivery of antiproliferative agents and for the development of nanoparticle-coated stents, which may become the third generation of cardiovascular stents.
Formation of macrocyclic ring systems by carbonylation of trifunctional P/B/B frustrated Lewis pairs (2017)

The trifunctional P/B/B frustrated Lewis pairs <b>11a-c</b> featuring bulky aryl groups at phosphorus [Dmesp (<b>a</b>), Tipp (<b>b</b>), Mes* (<b>c</b>)] react with H<sub>2</sub> by heterolytic hydrogen splitting followed by cleavage of HB(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> to give the zwitterionic six-membered heterocyclic PH phosphonium/borate products <b>14a-c</b>. Compounds <b>11a,b</b> react with carbon monoxide by means of a Lewis acid induced CO insertion/rearrangement sequence that eventually results in the formation of the macrocyclic dimers <b>17a,b</b>. The respective carbonylation reaction of the Mes*P/B/B FLP gives the macrocyclic trimer <b>18c</b>. The new products were characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction and the reaction mechanism was analyzed by DFT calculations.
Manufacturing concerns for advanced CMOS circuit realization EBDW alternative solution for cost and cycle time reductions (2004)

The introduction of Electron Beam Direct Write lithography into production represents a challenging alternative to reduce cost and cycle time increase induced by the introduction of new generation nodes. This paper details the development work performed to insert transparently direct write lithography process and alignment strategies into CMOS process flows. Finally, this interchangeability between E-Beam and optical lithography steps offers a complete flexibility for device architecture validation and allowed the development of a complete low cost 65nm platform including low-power and general-purpose applications.
Machine Learning Based Uncertainty Quantification of Extrapolated Design Space and Frequency Response for RF Structures (2021)

Current deterministic machine learning models provide point estimates for predictions without any metric quantifying its inaccuracy for test inputs. In this paper, we focus on uncertainty analysis for a recently developed machine learning model used for design space and frequency response extrapolation using variational inference. This information equips the designer to identify how well the model performs for a given test input and hence identify if further training is required. We also explain here how much data is enough to train this model well. We discuss these approaches for a 5th order interdigital bandpass filter at 28GHz.
Immuno-electron microscopy of surface antigens of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> (1988)

Bordetella pertussis is the Gram-negative bacterium responsible for whooping-cough. To develop a better understanding of the interactions between B. pertussis and the cells of colonized tissues, as well as for purposes of vaccine design, much effort has been devoted to characterizing the antigenic molecules exposed at its outer surface. A set of six U.S. Reference Factor Antisera raised by Eldering recognize agglutinogens that are specific to B. pertussis. Since each strain exhibits a particular subset of these antigens, the antisera provide a convenient means of classifying different strains of this bacterium. Several of these antigens have been identified at the molecular level. Serotype 1 agglutinogen is associated with a lipo-oligosaccharide, and those of serotypes 2 and 6 are fimbriae of two morphologically similar but antigenically distinct kinds. Recently, it has been demonstrated serotype 3 antiserum recognizes a 69kDa protein. To characterize the distribution of this antigen in and around B. pertussis cells, we have performed immuno-gold electron microscopy, using monoclonal antibodies raised against the 69kDa protein.
Niobium nitride plasmonic perfect absorbers for tunable infrared superconducting nanowire photodetection (2021)

Quantum technologies such as quantum computing and quantum cryptography exhibit rapid progress. This requires the provision of high-quality photodetectors and the ability to efficiently detect single photons. Hence, conventional avalanche photodiodes for single photon detection are not the first choice anymore. A better alternative are superconducting nanowire single photon detectors, which use the superconducting to normal conductance phase transition. One big challenge is to reduce the product between recovery time and detection efficiency. To address this problem, we enhance the absorption using resonant plasmonic perfect absorber effects, to reach near-100% absorption over small areas. This is aided by the high resonant absorption cross section and the angle insensitivity of plasmonic resonances. In this work we present a superconducting niobium nitride plasmonic perfect absorber structure and use its tunable plasmonic resonance to create a polarization dependent photodetector with near-100% absorption efficiency in the infrared spectral range. Further we fabricated a detector and investigated its response to an external light source. We also demonstrate the resonant plasmonic behavior which manifests itself through a polarization dependence detector response.
Online pitch estimation using instantaneous complex frequency (2011)

The paper presents new results of pitch estimation for speech signals obtained using a pipeline algorithm. The algorithm uses instantaneous complex frequency to perform voiced/unvoiced classification and estimate the fundamental frequency for each sample of the speech signal. Its performance is evaluated using two databases containing utterances spoken by male and female English speakers.
Isolation and Characterization of two Phages for Gluconobacter oxydans (1985)

Summary: Two bacteriophages, designated GW6210 and JW2040, were isolated from decaying apples using Gluconobacter oxydans ATC 621 and G. oxydans VPI 204JW, respectively. Electron microscopy showed that phage GW6210 belonged to group A and phage JW2040 to group C of Bradley&apos;s morphological classification. Phage GW6210 was unusually large, with a head diameter of 170 nm. Both phages contained double stranded DNA. The G + C content of the DNA of phage GW6210 was 293 mol % (T m), and the size of the genome was approximately 250-300 kb. The size of the DNA of phage JW2040 was found to be 37 kb and the G + C content was 565 mol% (T m). The host ranges of both phages were determined using 54 Gluconobacter, 52 bacter and three Pseudomonas strains. Only the Gluconobacter strains were hosts for these phages.
Semi- <i>in vitro</i> Reconstitution of Roseocin, a Two-Component Lantibiotic from an <i>Actinomycete</i> (2018)

ABSTRACT Lantibiotics are lanthionine containing peptide natural products that belong to the class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Recent expansion in the availability of microbial genomic data and in silico analysis tools have accelerated the discovery of these promising alternatives to antibiotics. Following the genome-mining approach, a biosynthetic gene cluster for a putative two-component lantibiotic roseocin was identified in the genome of an Actinomycete, Streptomyces roseosporus NRRL 11379. Post-translationally modified lanthipeptides of this cluster were obtained by heterologous expression of the genes in E. coli, and were in vitro reconstituted to their bioactive form. The two lanthipeptides displayed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria only synergistically, a property reminiscent of two-component lantibiotics. Structural analysis of the α-component identified a disulfide bridge flanking two of its four thioether bridges and the β-component having six thioether bridges with its C-terminus extended than the previously known two-component lantibiotics.
Deep tissue optoacoustic imaging of polarized structures (2009)

The ability to image polarization-selective tissue structures may provide valuable information on tissue anatomy, morphogenesis, and disease progression. So far, intensive light scattering in biological medium has limited implementation of polarization imaging to superficial tissue layers. We suggest overcoming the scattering problem using polarization-sensitive optoacoustic imaging. Due to intrinsically high spatial resolution and sensitivity of the method, it holds promise of becoming highly accurate modality for interrogation of small polarized structures deep in biological tissues. We show initial tomographic results in tissue-mimicking phantoms having polarization dichroism contrast.
Nematic Phases of Disc-And Rod-Shaped Molecules (2003)

Substantial effort has been made to prepare mixtures of disc-shaped and rod-shaped mesogens, since these mixtures provide one of the requirements in one of the routes towards biaxiality in nematic mesophases. We present the synthesis and mesomorphic properties of two novel liquid crystals based on a disc-shaped mesogen and multiple rod-shaped mesogens. The materials show enantiotropic nematic phases and mixing studies point out that the linked disc-rod mesogens are miscible with both the disc-shaped and the rod-shaped precursors.
Studies on selectivity of O-methylation of erythromycin derivatives based on molecular mechanics and molecular orbital methods. (1990)

The regioselectivity of O-methylation of the C6- and C11-hydroxyl groups of 2', 4"-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin A (3, TMS-EM-A) and that in the case of 2', 4"-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin B (4, TMS-EM-B) were examined in relation to the ease of deprotonation and the stability of the anion state. O-Metylation of 3 gave 11-methoxy-TMS-EM-A (5) and 6-methoxy-TMS-EM-A (6) in the ratio of ca.3 : 1, whereas that of 4 gave predominantly 6-methoxy-TMS-EM-B (7). To understand how the steric and electronic structures of EM-A (1) and EM-B (2) affect the selectivities, we carried out theoretical calculations using a semi-empirical molecular orbital method, MNDO. From the frontier electronic density of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), it was suggested that the activities of deprotonation at the C11-hydroxyl groups of 3 and 4 are higher than those of the C6-hydroxyl groups. On the other hand, it was shown from the total energies of the molecules that the C6-O- -derivatives (3a and 4a) of 3 and 4 are more stable than the C11-O- -derivatives (3b and 4b). The difference of total energies between 4a and 4b is greater than that of 3a and 3b by 5.1kcal/mol, suggesting the possibility of hydrogen bonding between C11-O- and C12-OH of 3b.
The kinetic growth anisotropy of the 123-(RE)BaCuO compounds (1995)

peer reviewed
Characterization of Neural Cell Lines Derived from SV40 Large T‐Induced Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (1997)

We recently reported intriguing properties of neural tumors generated by retrovirus-mediated transfer of the SV40 large T antigen into fetal rat brain transplants. Histopathologically, these neoplasms displayed characteristic features of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) and exhibited a striking potential for migration into the host brain. In the present study, four cell lines were derived from these PNETs and characterized. Two lines with an immature phenotype expressed the embryonal form of the neural cell adhesion molecule and nestin. They showed spheroid formation and delicate cell processes. The remaining cell lines had a flat, epitheloid appearance and were immunoreactive for synaptophysin, neurofilament proteins and glial fibrillary acidic protein. These cells constitute valuable tools to study the cellular origin(s) and molecular basis of PNETs, differentiation of neural progenitors and tumor cell migration in the brain.
Stencil-nanopatterned back reflectors for thin-film amorphous silicon n-i-p solar cells (2012)

With the aim of testing different periodic back reflectors for thin-film amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) n-i-p solar cells, we use stencil-lithography technique for patterning two different back reflector configurations. One is a plasmonic grating, composed of an array of isolated silver nanodots embedded in a zinc oxide layer. The other is a metallic grating with nanodots on top of a silver layer. The stencil lithography technique allows us to perform a fair comparison as both configurations lead to the same geometry of the silicon films. The stencils themselves were fabricated by wafer-scale nanosphere lithography. We found that both back reflectors have a photocurrent enhancement compared to their planar morphology references. The metallic grating shows a better performance than the plasmonic grating, with 19% short circuit current density enhancement compared to a flat reflector. We conclude that pure grating coupling is more efficient than coupling through localized surface plasmons for light trapping. Our best results in n-i-p solar cells are still obtained on random textured back reflector, which demonstrate higher short circuit current density. We present a single a-Si:H cell with 10.4% initial efficiency on textured silver substrate and a tandem cell a-Si:H/a-Si:H with 11.1% initial efficiency on a UV-embossed plastic substrate.
Prevalence and Molecular Typing of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales among Newborn Patients in Italy (2022)

The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), especially <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), is a serious public health threat in pediatric hospitals. The associated risk in newborns is due to their underdeveloped immune system and limited treatment options. The aim was to estimate the prevalence and circulation of CPE among the neonatal intensive units of a major pediatric hospital in Italy and to investigate their molecular features. A total of 124 CPE were isolated from rectal swabs of 99 newborn patients at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital between July 2016 and December 2019. All strains were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of resistance genes, and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT). One strain for each PBRT profile of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> or <i>E. coli</i> was characterized by multilocus-sequence typing (MLST). Interestingly, the majority of strains were multidrug-resistant and carried the <i>bla</i><sub>NDM</sub> gene. A large part was characterized by a multireplicon status, and FII, A/C, FIA (15%) was the predominant. Despite the limited size of collection, MLST analysis revealed a high number of Sequence Types (STs): 14 STs among 28 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and 8 STs among 11 <i>E. coli</i>, with the prevalence of the well-known clones ST307 and ST131, respectively. This issue indicated that some strains shared the same circulating clone. We identified a novel, so far never described, ST named ST10555, found in one <i>E. coli</i> strain. Our investigation showed a high heterogeneity of CPE circulating among neonatal units, confirming the need to monitor their dissemination in the hospital also through molecular methods.
Modeling of a foamed emulsion bioreactor: II. model parametric sensitivity (2008)

The sensitivity of a conceptual model of a foam emulsion bioreactor (FEBR) used for the control of toluene vapors in air was examined. Model parametric sensitivity studies showed which parameters affect the removal of toluene (as model pollutant) in the FEBR the most significantly, and enabled definition of the limits of the process. Detailed examination of the results indicated that the process is highly complex and that both mass transfer and kinetic limitations can coexist in the bioreactor system. These results will help with the optimization of the design and operation of FEBRs.
Atomic-scale silicon etching control using pulsed Cl2 plasma (2012)

Plasma etching has been a key driver of miniaturization technologies toward smaller and more powerful devices in the semiconductor industry. Thin layers involved in complex stacks of materials are approaching the atomic level. Furthermore, new categories of devices have complex architectures, leading to new challenges in terms of plasma etching. New plasma processes that are capable to etch ultra-thin layers of materials with control at the atomic level are now required. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that Si etching in Cl2 plasma using plasma pulsing is a promising way to decrease the plasma-induced damage of materials. A controlled etch rate of 0.2 nm min−1 is reported by pulsing the chlorine plasma at very low duty cycles. Using quasi-in-situ angle resolved XPS analyses, they show that the surface of crystalline silicon is less chlorinated, the amorphization of the top crystalline silicon surface is decreased, and the chamber wall are less sputtered in pulsed plasmas compared to continuous wave plasmas. This is attributed to the lower density of radicals, lower ion flux, and lower V-UV flux when the plasma is pulsed.