gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in the Treatment of AL Amyloidosis: Final Results of A Phase II Trial (2012)

Abstract Abstract 4084 AL amyloidosis is a plasma cell dyscrasia in which clonal immunoglobulin light chains misfold, forming fibrils that are deposited in tissues and vital organs. Immunomodulatory drugs including thalidomide, lenalidomide (LEN), and pomalidomide have activity in AL amyloidosis. We conducted a prospective phase II trial of LEN with dexamethasone (DEX) in the treatment of AL amyloidosis (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00091260), enrolling 82 patients from 2004–2011. We now report the final results of this trial. The majority of the patients were treated with LEN at a starting dose of 15 mg/d for 21 days out of a 28 day cycle, and received DEX at 20 or 40 mg weekly, depending upon age, congestive heart failure, and/or peripheral edema, and aspirin prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) was used for most. Of the 82 patients, the median age was 62 (range, 40–84) and 63% were men. 95% of the patients had prior therapy for AL, often including high dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation. The median number of cycles delivered was 11 (range, 1–69). Of the 68 evaluable patients, 16% achieved a complete hematologic response, 44% achieved a partial hematologic response, 9% achieved a minor hematologic response, and 29% had no response to treatment. The median time to best hematologic response was 6 months. Sixty-three patients had quantifiable organ involvement prior to treatment with LEN/DEX, and 44% of those patients had measurable organ response. Reasons for discontinuation of study drug were side effects (29%), non-response (39%) and complete response or completion of trial (15%). The most common side effects during treatment were fatigue (88%), anemia (67%), muscle cramps (66%), dizziness/lightheadedness (60%), respiratory tract infections (55%), increased creatinine (56%) and skin rash (48%). In conclusion, LEN administration achieved a 60% hematologic response rate (CR+PR) even in heavily pre-treated AL patients, when used at a starting dose of 15 mg/d with weekly dose-modified DEX, VTE prophylaxis, and appropriate management of side effects. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Lenalidomide for AL amyloidosis. Sanchorawala:Millennium: Research Funding. Zeldis:Celgene: Employment. Seldin:Celgene: Research Funding.
Diffractive laser beam shaping for holography (2009)

Laser applications that demand a high quality with long coherence length are limited by the Gaussian profile of the fundamental TEM00 mode. Many of these applications require a uniform irradiance profile with a flat phase-front. In holography, both phase and intensity are critical to the process. Near-field beam shaping optics, also called beam transformers, re-map an input Gaussian profile to a top-hat profile. The top-hat profile is created at some working distance away from the shaping element where a corrector element has traditionally been placed in order to flatten the phase of the top-hat profile and allow it to propagate as a nominally collimated beam. This paper will discuss the theory to support the use of a diffractive optical element in holography and other applications where the phase is important. Two different geometric beam shapes will be explored, round and square profiles.
Bayesian wavelet estimation from seismic and well data (2003)

Abstract A Bayesian method for wavelet estimation from seismic and well data is developed. The method works both on stacked data and on prestack data in form of angle gathers. The seismic forward model is based on the convolutional model, where the reflectivity is calculated from the well logs. Possible misties between the seismic traveltimes and the time axis of the well logs, errors in the log measurements, and seismic noise are included in the model. The estimated wavelets are given as probability density functions such that uncertainties of the wavelets are an integral part of the solution. The solution is not analytically obtainable and is therefore computed by Markov-chain Monte Carlo simulation. An example from Sleipner field shows that the estimated wavelet has higher amplitude compared to wavelet estimation where well log errors are neglected, and the uncertainty of the estimated wavelet is lower.
Nodular malignant melanoma and multiple cutaneous neoplasms under immunosuppression with azathioprine (2009)

Immunosuppressed patients are at increased risk of skin cancer. A 67-year-old renal transplant recipient developed a nodular malignant melanoma after 30 years of immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisolone. The patient died of metastatic disease 3 months after the diagnosis was made. The function of the renal graft was not affected at all. Renal transplant recipients are at high risk of developing nonmelanocytic skin tumors when on immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine A. Less common is the development of skin cancer during immunosuppression with azathioprine. Latest reports show the increased incidence of malignant melanoma in immunosuppressed patients. Our case illustrates the necessity of close dermatological surveillance of allograft recipients, to assure an early recognition of any malignant skin tumor and to reduce the risk of systemic metastatic disease.
Photolysis of tris(4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyphenyl) sulphonium salts. A mechanistic study (1991)

Tris(4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyphenyl)sulphonium salts of the structure Ar3S+X–(X–: CF3SO3– or AsF6–) were irradiated with UV light in acetonitrile or dimethyl sulphoxide solution. Product analysis by ion pair chromatography (IPC), 1H NMR measurements and IR spectroscopy revealed that simultaneously bis(4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyphenyl) sulphide, Ar2S, and a protonic acid (CF3SO3H or HAsF6) were formed. The latter catalyses the decomposition of the tert-butylcarbonate groups in the absence of water at room temperature. In the presence of water the acids dissociate, and H3O+ ions, thus formed, only catalyse the decomposition significantly at elevated temperatures (T > 70 °C). Therefore, photolysis products formed in the absence of water consist, apart from (4-HO–C6H4)2S, essentially of a mixture of salts of the ions: Ar2(4-HO–C6H4)S+, Ar(4-HO–C6H4)2S+ and (4-HO–C6H4)3S+. In addition to these products, (ButOCO2-C6H4)2S and an as yet unidentified product were formed when the irradiation was performed in the presence of water. Quantum yields (in the absence of water) determined by IPC are: φ[–salt]= 0.2 and φ[(4-HO–C6H4)2S]= 0.1.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Transient Ablation of Regulatory T cells Improves Antitumor Immunity in Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 204K&lt;/p&gt;
Revisión Teórica Electrónica y Física de un Transistor de Efecto de Campo de Unión pn (2015)

This revision of the Electronics and Physics field effect transistor pn junction aims to explain and understand the mechanics of its operation. This type of transistor uses the following mechanism varying the width of the depletion layer in a pn junction modulates a bias voltage applied to the junction, the device uses this mechanism, to control the current passing through a region bounded by one or more pn junctions. As low stream flows to the pn junction reverse biased, then it consumes a small amount of power to the control electrode, therefore the controlled current delivers more power. This is the explanation synthesized of the device called field effect transistor, pn junction (JFET junction field effect transistor) and is used as a power amplifier.
A Mobile Energy Storage Unit Serving Multiple EV Charging Stations (2021)

Due to the rapid increase in electric vehicles (EVs) globally, new technologies have emerged in recent years to meet the excess demand imposed on the power systems by EV charging. Among these technologies, a mobile energy storage system (MESS), which is a transportable storage system that provides various utility services, was used in this study to support several charging stations, in addition to supplying power to the grid during overload and on-peak hours. Thus, this paper proposes a new day-ahead optimal operation of a single MESS unit that serves several charging stations that share the same geographical area. The operational problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP), where the objective is to minimize the total operating cost of the parking lots (PLs). Two different case studies are simulated to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed system compared to the current approach.
Enhanced Hydrogen Production from DNA‐Assembled Z‐Scheme TiO<sub>2</sub>–CdS Photocatalyst Systems (2015)

Abstract A wide range of inorganic nanostructures have been used as photocatalysts for generating H 2 . To increase activity, Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems have been implemented that use multiple types of photoactive materials and electron mediators. Optimal catalysis has previously been obtained by interfacing different materials through aggregation or epitaxial nucleation, all of which lowers the accessible active surface area. DNA has now been used as a structure‐directing agent to organize TiO 2 and CdS nanocrystals. A significant increase in H 2 production compared to CdS or TiO 2 alone was thus observed directly in solution with no sacrificial donors or applied bias. The inclusion of benzoquinone (BQ) equidistant between the TiO 2 and CdS through DNA assembly further increased H 2 production. While the use of a second quinone in conjunction with BQ showed no more improvement, its location within the Z‐scheme was found to strongly influence catalysis.
QoE issues in P2P video streaming (2010)

This paper provides an overview of major issues and challenges for streaming of video content in peer-to-peer (P2P) environments, as presented during the keynote by the author at SAPMIA: ACM Workshop on Social, Adaptive and Personalized Multimedia Interaction and Access.
The potential impact of routine testing of individuals with HIV indicator diseases in order to prevent late HIV diagnosis (2013)

Our data suggest that testing for HIV following diagnosis of an indicator disease significantly decreases the probability of late HIV diagnosis. Moreover, for 5.5% of late HIV presenters, diagnosis could have been anticipated if they had been tested when an HIV indicator disease was diagnosed.However, this strategy for enhancing early HIV diagnosis needs to be complemented by client-centred interventions that aim to increase awareness in people who do not perceive themselves as being at risk for HIV.
Homology among arsenate resistance determinants of R factors in Escherichia coli (1984)

Escherichia coli bearing R factors R773 or R46 or hybrid recombinant plasmids carrying the arsenic resistance determinants derived from these plasmids synthesized inducible polypeptides of similar apparent molecular weights when exposed to arsenite salts (R773 derivative, 64,000 and 16,000; R46 derivative, 62,000, 16,500, and 13,500). In addition, both plasmids encoded energy-dependent arsenate efflux systems and demonstrated DNA sequence homology by filter blot hybridization. Human isolates of arsenate- and arsenite-resistant enterobacteria were tested for homology with the arsenate operon of R773 by colony blot hybridization. Approximately one-third of the isolates hybridized strongly, and two-thirds showed little or no evidence of homology, suggesting the presence of two or more genetically distinct arsenate resistant determinants.
Porous Silicon Nanoneedles Modulate Endocytosis to Deliver Biological Payloads (2019)

Owing to their ability to efficiently deliver biological cargo and sense the intracellular milieu, vertical arrays of high aspect ratio nanostructures, known as nanoneedles, are being developed as minimally invasive tools for cell manipulation. However, little is known of the mechanisms of cargo transfer across the cell membrane-nanoneedle interface. In particular, the contributions of membrane piercing, modulation of membrane permeability and endocytosis to cargo transfer remain largely unexplored. Here, combining state-of-the-art electron and scanning ion conductance microscopy with molecular biology techniques, it is shown that porous silicon nanoneedle arrays concurrently stimulate independent endocytic pathways which contribute to enhanced biomolecule delivery into human mesenchymal stem cells. Electron microscopy of the cell membrane at nanoneedle sites shows an intact lipid bilayer, accompanied by an accumulation of clathrin-coated pits and caveolae. Nanoneedles enhance the internalization of biomolecular markers of endocytosis, highlighting the concurrent activation of caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, alongside macropinocytosis. These events contribute to the nanoneedle-mediated delivery (nanoinjection) of nucleic acids into human stem cells, which distribute across the cytosol and the endolysosomal system. This data extends the understanding of how nanoneedles modulate biological processes to mediate interaction with the intracellular space, providing indications for the rational design of improved cell-manipulation technologies.
The Alkylated Imino Sugar, <i>n</i> -( <i>n</i> -Nonyl)-Deoxygalactonojirimycin, Reduces the Amount of Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsid in Tissue Culture (2003)

n-(n-Nonyl)-deoxygalactonojirimycin (n,n-DGJ), an alkylated imino sugar, reduces the amount of HBV DNA produced within the stably transfected HBV-producing HepG2.2.15 line in culture and is under consideration for development as a human therapeutic. n,n-DGJ does not appear to inhibit HBV DNA polymerase activity or envelop antigen production (A. Mehta, S. Carrouee, B. Conyers, R. Jordan, T. Butters, R. A. Dwek, and T. M. Block, Hepatology 33:1488-1495, 2001), and the mechanism of antiviral action is unknown. In this study, the step in the virus life cycle affected by n,n-DGJ was explored. Using Northern analysis and immunoprecipitation with anti-HBc antibody, we found that, under conditions in which cell viability was not affected but viral DNA production was substantially reduced, neither the amount of HBV transcription products nor the core polypeptide was detectably reduced. However, the pregenomic RNA, endogenous polymerase activity, and core polypeptide sedimenting in sucrose gradients with a density consistent with that of assembled nucleocapsids were significantly less in the HepG2.2.15 cells incubated with n,n-DGJ. These data suggest that n,n-DGJ either prevents the maturation of HBV nucleocapsids or destabilizes the formed nucleocapsids. Although the cellular and viral mediators of this inhibition are not known, depletion of nucleocapsid has been attributed to some other compounds as well as interferon's mechanism of anti-HBV action. The similarities and differences between this alkylated imino sugar and these other mediators are discussed.
Guidelines for Repair Welding of Pressure Equipment in Refineries and Chemical Plants: Part 6—Material Degradation and Repair Welding (2011)

It has been recognized that repair welding plays an important role in the long term, safe operation of pressure equipment. In 2009, the Japan Welding Engineering Society (JWES) published guidelines for repair welding of pressure equipment, to meet the great need for the safe operation and proper maintenance of aging plants. This paper addresses the key points of repair welding for damaged materials, based on JWES’s guidelines. The various factors to be considered before implementing repair welding and typical methods of repair welding for the major damage mechanisms are summarized.
Stability Limit of Liquid Water in Metastable Equilibrium with Subsaturated Vapors (2009)

A pure liquid can reach metastable equilibrium with its subsaturated vapor across an appropriate membrane. This situation is analogous to osmotic equilibrium: the reduced chemical potential of the dilute phase (the subsaturated vapor) is compensated by a difference in pressure between the phases. To equilibrate with subsaturated vapor, the liquid phase assumes a pressure that is lower than its standard vapor pressure, such that the liquid phase is metastable with respect to the vapor phase. For sufficiently subsaturated vapors, the liquid phase can even assume negative pressures. The appropriate membrane for this metastable equilibrium must provide the necessary mechanical support to sustain the difference in pressure between the two phases, limit nonhomogeneous mechanisms of cavitation, and resist the entry of the dilutant (gases) into the pure phase (liquid). In this article, we present a study of the limit of stability of liquid water--the degree of subsaturation at which the liquid cavitates--in this metastable state within microscale voids embedded in hydrogel membranes. We refer to these structures as vapor-coupled voids (VCVs). In these VCVs, we observed that liquid water cavitated when placed in equilibrium with vapors of activity aw,vapair<or=0.85 (relative humidity<or=85%). When expressed as a pressure in the liquid based on thermodynamic calculations, the liquid cavitated at pressures P<or=-22 MPa (-220 bar). This limiting pressure is smaller in magnitude than the limit predicted by homogeneous nucleation theory or molecular simulations (Pcav=-140 to -180 MPa). To determine the cause of the disparity between the observed and predicted stability limit, we examine experimentally the likelihood of several nonhomogeneous mechanisms of nucleation: (i) heterogeneous nucleation caused by hydrophobic patches on void walls, (ii) nucleation caused by the presence of dissolved solute, (iii) nucleation caused by the presence of pre-existing vapor nuclei, and (iv) invasion of air through the hydrogel membrane into the voids. We conclude that, of these possibilities, (i) and (ii) cannot be discounted, whereas (iii) and (iv) are unlikely to play a role in determining the stability limit.
&lt;title&gt;X-Y nanopositioners using high-density arrays of mechanical oscillators&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

Rapid positioning devices having nanometer accuracy are being used in the production of semiconductors. Micro- mechanical-oscillators made by silicon surface micromachining are expected to suit with such devices, according to their direct-drive capabilities. This communication investigates a first generation of microconveyers using high density arrays of micro- mechanical-oscillators. Densities as high as 1000 actuators/mm<SUP>2</SUP> have been already achieved, therefore allowing shape recognition using tactile information on the near future. Thus, depending on the overall size of the conveyance system, millimeter size moving parts having different shapes are expected to be selected, and then independently distributed onto intelligent surfaces. The proposed conveyance system have been fabricated using a multi layer silicon surface micromachining process. Basically, electrodes are deposited onto a silicon substrate, in order to selectively address each elementary actuation cell. Each elementary cell is mechanically connected to a 1.2 micrometers thick polysilicon sheet frame which is deposited above distributed electrodes. The oscillators are activated by electrostatic force. The operating mechanism that is investigated in the communication is as follow: out-of-plane displacements of the frame are synchronized with the motion of mechanical oscillators, in order to allow the declutching mechanism which is needed to convey the moving part. The very first presented here allow us to expect a nanometer positioning resolution in open loop-control.
Mass Spectrometry as a Tool to Study CVD Process (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Theory of strong coupling between molecules and surface plasmons on a grating (2022)

The strong coupling of molecules with surface plasmons results in hybrid states which are part molecule, part surface-bound light. Since molecular resonances may acquire the spatial coherence of plasmons, which have mm-scale propagation lengths, strong-coupling with molecular resonances potentially enables long-range molecular energy transfer. Gratings are often used to couple incident light to surface plasmons, by scattering the otherwise non-radiative surface plasmon inside the light-line. We calculate the dispersion relation for surface plasmons strongly coupled to molecular resonances when grating scattering is involved. By treating the molecules as independent oscillators rather than the more typically-considered single collective dipole, we find the full multi-band dispersion relation. This approach offers a natural way to include the dark states in the dispersion. We demonstrate that for a molecular resonance tuned near the crossing point of forward and backward grating-scattered plasmon modes, the interaction between plasmons and molecules gives a five-band dispersion relation, including a bright state not captured in calculations using a single collective dipole. We also show that the role of the grating in breaking the translational invariance of the system appears in the position-dependent coupling between the molecules and the surface plasmon. The presence of the grating is thus not only important for the experimental observation of molecule-surface-plasmon coupling, but also provides an additional design parameter that tunes the system.
Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Immobilized Glucosamine/Chondroitin Sulfate on Polylactic Acid Films (2019)

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most produced polymeric materials, due to its exceptional chemical and mechanical properties. Some of them, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility, make them attractive for biomedical applications. Conversely, the major drawback of PLA in the biomedical field is their vulnerability to bacterial contamination. This study focuses on the immobilization of saccharides onto the PLA surface by a multistep approach, with the aim of providing antibacterial features and evaluting the synergistic effect of these saccharides. In this approach, after poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes attached non-covalently to the PLA surface via plasma post-irradiation grafting technique, immobilization of glucosamine (GlcN) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) to the PAA brushes was carried out. To understand the changes in surface properties, such as chemical composition, surface topography and hydrophilicity, the untreated and treated PLA films were analyzed using various characterization techniques (contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). In vitro cytotoxicity assays were investigated by the methyl tetrazolium test. The antibacterial activity of the PLA samples was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strains. Plasma-treated films immobilized with ChS and GlcN, separately and in combination, demonstrated bactericidal effect against the both bacteria strains and also the results revealed that the combination has no synergistic effect on antibacterial action.
Performance of Alternative Refrigerants in Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners (1992)

In this paper the results of both modeling and testing a representative 3-ton air-to-air heat pump running with the baseline refrigerant (HCFC-22) and zero ODP alternative refrigerants will be presented.Alternative refrigerant simulation runs are made with two pure fluids (HFC-134a and HFC-152a) and an azeotropicmixture (60/40wt%) ofHFC-32 and HFC-125 (Allied-Signal Inc.U.S. Patent 4,978,467).The expansion device, the heat exchangers, and line sizes are optimized for each refrigerant.Pre-optimized and post-optimized system performance is presented to demonstrate the impact of this process on the ranking of replacement refrigerants.System tests of the heat pump and compressor calorimeter tests were run with the 32/125 azeotrope and a 32/134a (25/75 wt%) blend.