gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation, biochemical characterization, and genome sequencing of two high‐quality genomes of a novel chitinolytic <i>Jeongeupia</i> species (2023)

Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide worldwide as part of arthropods' exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. Low concentrations in soils and sediments indicate rapid decomposition through chitinolytic organisms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The enacting enzymes, so-called chitinases, and their products, chitooligosaccharides, exhibit promising characteristics with applications ranging from crop protection to cosmetics, medical, textile, and wastewater industries. Exploring novel chitinolytic organisms is crucial to expand the enzymatical toolkit for biotechnological chitin utilization and to deepen our understanding of diverse catalytic mechanisms. In this study, we present two long-read sequencing-based genomes of highly similar Jeongeupia species, which have been screened, isolated, and biochemically characterized from chitin-amended soil samples. Through metabolic characterization, whole-genome alignments, and phylogenetic analysis, we could demonstrate how the investigated strains differ from the taxonomically closest strain Jeongeupia naejangsanensis BIO-TAS4-2<sup>T</sup> (DSM 24253). In silico analysis and sequence alignment revealed a multitude of highly conserved chitinolytic enzymes in the investigated Jeongeupia genomes. Based on these results, we suggest that the two strains represent a novel species within the genus of Jeongeupia, which may be useful for environmentally friendly N-acetylglucosamine production from crustacean shell or fungal biomass waste or as a crop protection agent.
A 30–50 GHz reflection-type phase shifter based on slow-wave coupled lines in BiCMOS 55 nm technology (2016)

This paper presents a mm-wave compact, ultrawideband reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS). This phase shifter is dedicated to phased array transmitter based on LO-path phase shifting for beamforming and beam-steering applications in the sub-mm-wave band. The proposed RTPS is designed using a slow-wave coplanar waveguide coupler and reflective loads. The circuit was fabricated in BiCMOS 55 nm technology. As predicted by simulations, measurement results show a relative phase shift of 61°±1° that is very stable over a wide frequency range from 30 GHz to 50 GHz, with insertion loss of 4 dB ± 1 dB at 50 GHz, leading to a figure-of-merit (FoM) of 12°/dB. The measured return loss is always better than 10 dB across the whole band. The chip area is only 0.18 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Characterization, properties, and processing of larc peti-5® as a high-temperature sizing material: III. Adhesion enhancement of carbon/BMI composites (2003)

A phenylethynyl-terminated imide oligomer (LaRC PETI-5®) with a number average molecular weight of 2500 g/mol has been applied onto the surfaces of PAN-based carbon fiber tows and woven carbon fabrics as a sizing material to introduce an interphase between the fiber and matrix in carbon/BMI composites. The adhesion between the fiber and matrix was enhanced by the presence of a properly processed LaRC PETI-5® interphase. The results showed that when LaRC PETI-5® was sized and processed at 150°C, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of unidirectional IM7/BMI composite measured by using a microindentation technique and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of a carbon/BMI composite measured by short beam shear test were markedly improved by about 35% and 66%, respectively, in comparison with the unsized counterparts. The adhesion enhancement strongly depends not only on the presence or absence of LaRC PETI-5® sizing interphase but also on the temperature profile applied to the sizing before composite fabrication. Both of these factors critically influence the physical and chemical state of the sizing material. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the composite fracture surfaces support the improved interfacial property of carbon/BMI composites.
Quantum Interface Between Light and Atomic Ensembles (2016)

This chapter concentrates on the quantum interface via free-space interaction of light with an atomic ensemble. This approach is a powerful alternative to the interface of light with a single atom. The chapter considers light-atomic ensembles quantum interface that provides an example of a link between discrete and continuous quantum variables. Experimental realization of quantum information protocols requires achieving the level of quantum fluctuations for both the light pulse and the atomic collective spin variables. The quantum memory for light is a key element of the envisioned quantum communication networks, where the quantum repeaters should allow distribution of entanglement over arbitrary long distances. Combined with the quantum measurement and feedback, this interaction provides a wide range of operations useful for quantum information processing, such as long-distance quantum teleportation of atomic states, quantum memory for light, and quantum cloning of light onto atoms.
Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation for Similar and Distant Language Pairs (2021)

Unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) has achieved remarkable results for several language pairs, such as French–English and German–English. Most previous studies have focused on modeling UNMT systems; few studies have investigated the effect of UNMT on specific languages. In this article, we first empirically investigate UNMT for four diverse language pairs (French/German/Chinese/Japanese–English). We confirm that the performance of UNMT in translation tasks for similar language pairs (French/German–English) is dramatically better than for distant language pairs (Chinese/Japanese–English). We empirically show that the lack of shared words and different word orderings are the main reasons that lead UNMT to underperform in Chinese/Japanese–English. Based on these findings, we propose several methods, including artificial shared words and pre-ordering, to improve the performance of UNMT for distant language pairs. Moreover, we propose a simple general method to improve translation performance for all these four language pairs. The existing UNMT model can generate a translation of a reasonable quality after a few training epochs owing to a denoising mechanism and shared latent representations. However, learning shared latent representations restricts the performance of translation in both directions, particularly for distant language pairs, while denoising dramatically delays convergence by continuously modifying the training data. To avoid these problems, we propose a simple, yet effective and efficient, approach that (like UNMT) relies solely on monolingual corpora: pseudo-data-based unsupervised neural machine translation. Experimental results for these four language pairs show that our proposed methods significantly outperform UNMT baselines.
Innenrücktitelbild: A Pressure‐Induced Inverse Order–Disorder Transition in Double Perovskites (Angew. Chem. 21/2020) (2020)

Gemäß chemischer Intuition erhöht Druck den Ordnungsgrad in den meisten Materialien. Die Entdeckung eines druckinduzierten Unordnungsprozesses in den Doppelperowskiten Y2CoIrO6 und Y2CoRuO6 steht im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Ordnungs/Unordnungs-Theorien und wird zu einer Neubetrachtung der Druckeffekte in den Festkörperwissenschaften führen. Mehr dazu im Forschungsartikel von Z. Deng et al. auf S. 8317.
Astrocyte sensitivity to pulsed infrared light: molecular, physiological, and mechanistic insights (Conference Presentation) (2020)

We have shown previously that astrocytes are independently sensitive to IR exposure in the context of infrared neural stimulation (INS). More recently, our advances have identified some physiological basis of astrocytic sensitivity to INS. Single pulse INS evokes intracellular calcium signaling primarily mediated through inositol-triphosphate receptor (IP¬3R) activation, rather than thermally sensitive transient receptor protein (TRP) pathways. Interestingly, different dosing strategies for IR appear to evoke different physiology. Our findings suggest that tailoring irradiation parameters with INS may be used for preferentially drive separate physiological responses in astrocytes, and possibly other cell types.
GaAs HEMT Modeling and its Application to Active Frequency Multipliers (2010)

In this article, improved nonlinear modeling technique for microwave PHEMT is described. The accurate small-and large-signal models of HEMT, MESFET devices are used for robust designs and fabrication development. The implementation of model is done by parameter extraction as well as using Agilent’s ADS. The modeling procedure is used to extract the model of PHEMT EC2612 supplied by United Monolithic Semiconductor Inc. This model is used to design single-stage 10/20 GHz wideband frequency doubler with a maximum conversion gain of 3 dB. The doubler has 40% bandwidth over the input frequency range of 8–12 GHz. A band reject at fundamental frequency filter has been designed at output stage of doubler instead of conventional λ/2 open circuit reflector at second harmonic frequency, which is responsible for broadband operation of doubler.
Normal Vascular Function as a Prerequisite for the Absence of Coronary Calcification in Patients Free of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes (2012)

Background: The absence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of very low cardiovascular risk. Endothelial cells may have an effect on the initiation and propagation of arterial calcification. We aimed to identify the relationship between the absence of CAC and endothelial function in individuals without cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Methods and Results: CAC was assessed using electron-beam computed tomography and the calcium score was then computed. Endothelial function was measured by assessing reactive hyperemia-induced vasodilation and expressed by the reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Of 82 patients, 39 had non-detectable calcium (CAC score=0) and 43 had a CAC score >0. In the CAC score=0 group, the prevalence of normal endothelial function was 84.6%, compared to 48.8% in the CAC score >0 group, P=0.001. The absence of CAC was highly correlated with normal endothelial function (γ=0.704, P<0.001). On average, endothelial function was significantly better in the CAC score=0 group than in the CAC score >0 group (RHI 2.2±0.6 vs. 1.8±0.5, P=0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression model, only normal endothelial function (odds ratio [OR] 5.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55–16.27, P=0.007) and age (years) (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.96, P=0.002) were independently associated with the absence of CAC. Conclusions: Normal functional status of the vasculature may be important for the prevention of coronary calcification and may partly account for the low cardiovascular risk of absent CAC. (Circ J 2012; 76: 2705–2710)
A 155 Mbps digital transmitter using GaAs thin film LEDs bonded to silicon driver circuits (2002)

A low cost, low power digital silicon transmitter integrated with a GaAs-based surface LED has been fabricated and characterized. Operation at 155 Mbps has been demonstrated with a digital input, resulting in a transmitter which is integrable with digital Si CMOS circuitry, and is suitable for short haul optical communication.
Biochemical Analysis of Catalytically Crucial Aspartate Mutants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase (1996)

In order to clarify the role(s) of the individual member of the carboxylate triad in the catalytic mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase, we carried out site-directed mutagenesis of D185, D186, and D110, followed by the extensive characterization of the properties of the individual mutant enzymes. We find that all three residues participate at or prior to the chemical step of bond formation. The incorporation pattern seen with phosphorothioate analogs of dNTP on both RNA-DNA and DNA-DNA template-primers indicated that D186 may be the residue that coordinates with the alpha-phosphate group of dNTP in the transition-state ternary complex. Further support for the role assigned to D186 was obtained by examination of the ability of the individual carboxylate mutants to catalyze the reverse of the polymerase reaction (pyrophosphorolysis). Mutants of D185 exhibited near-normal pyrophosphorolysis activity, while those of D186 were completely devoid of this activity. Thus, D185 appears to participate only in the forward reaction, probably required for the generation of nucleophile by interacting with the 3'-OH of the primer terminus, while D186 seems to be involved in both the forward and the reverse reactions, presumably by participating in the pentavalent intermediate transition state. Lack of any elemental effects during polymerization with mutant enzymes of residue D110, together with their inability to catalyze pyrophosphorolysis, suggest its probable participation in the metal-coordinated binding to the beta-gamma-phosphate of dNTP or PPi in the forward and reverse reactions, respectively. A molecular model of the ternary complex based on these results is also presented.
NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF SKELETAL MASS (1985)

Fourth International Workshop on Bone and Soft Tissue Densitometry Using Computed Tomography: PROCEEDINGS: PDF Only
Nanocellulose fibers applied in PLA composites for food packaging applications (2015)

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has long been advocated as one of the best candidates for bio-based food packaging, but low thermal stability, slow crystallization, high oxygen and water permeability are drawbacks that still limits the use of PLA in a broader range of applications.The goal of this research project has been to improve the permeability of PLA by use of nanocellulose or by combination of nanocellulose and nanoclay in PLA composites. The cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were extracted from sisal fibers using an optimized up-scalable three-step chemical protocol. Composites with both CNF and nanoclay resulted in highly transparent films with good termomechanical properties. Furthermore, the combination of nanocellulose and nanoclay led to a faster crystallization (80% reduced half crystallization time). In addition, hybrid composites was identified as an effective way to improve the barrier properties of PLA. In particular 1 wt% of CNF and NC resulted in a 63% of reduction on the oxygen transmission rate and a 57% on the water vapor transmission rate, while a 5 wt% PLA/CNF/NC resulted in a 89% and a 75% of decrease respectively.
Magnetic, magnetooptical, and magnetotransport properties of Ti-substituted Co<sub>2</sub>FeGa thin films (2014)

Magnetic, magnetooptical and magnetotransport properties of Co<sub>50.3</sub>Fe<sub>20.3</sub>Ti<sub>5.6</sub>Ga<sub>23.8</sub> thin films were studied for the as prepared as well as annealed samples. Measurements of transverse magnetooptical Kerr effect revealed that the spectral response of the films strongly depends on the structural ordering which can be manipulated by annealing conditions. Peculiarities in the magnetic properties of the films were attributed to the coexisting phases with different degree of structural disorder. Magnetoresistance of Co<sub>50.3</sub>Fe<sub>20.3</sub>Ti<sub>5.6</sub>Ga<sub>23.8</sub> thin films was found to be linear in the fields above 1 T which is typical for half-Heusler systems as well as for Heusler-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys.
An in vitro system to study the action potential sodium channel (1980)

The fast sodium channel is sensitive to a variety of toxins. Veratridine, batrachotoxin, sea anemone and scorpion neurotoxins act on the gating system of the Na’ channel [l-6] and change its ionic selectivity [2,7], thereby provoking 86Rb’ or 42K+ efflux from preloaded excitable cells [8,9]. This stimulated %Rb’ (or 42K+) efflux is blocked by tetrodotoxin. We have used this property to devise an in vitro assay with synaptosomes. ScTX,, and ATX,, stimulate 86Rb+ release through the Na’ channel without changing the synaptosomal membrane potential. Moreover, toxin-induced release of 86Rb+ requires the presence of Na’ (or Li’) in the externalmedium, suggesting that the formation of a conducting form of the Na’ channel is dependent upon both the action of toxins and the saturation of external Na’ sites.
On the nature of the electromagnetic field in the immediate vicinity of inductive power transfer system (2013)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) is a subset of contactless power transfer appropriate for high-power applications such as the charging of electric vehicle batteries. Previous work has considered primarily the magnetostatic far field, that is, the region well away from the couplers in terms of coupler dimensions, but still close to the couplers in terms of the wavelength of the radiated field. The nature of the electromagnetic field in the high-flux region in between and in the immediate vicinity of the couplers is complex and merits close examination. Because of the paramount importance of electrical efficiency, it is necessary to tune an IPT system for maximum efficiency, as opposed to tuning for minimum extraneous field. This causes the primary and secondary currents to be 90° out of phase with one another. Therefore, the fields can be thought of as being due to two displaced solenoids or magnetic dipoles operating in phase quadrature. The resultant electromagnetic field exhibits time-domain rotation of field direction. The rotating electromagnetic field is not strictly elliptical polarization in the traditional sense as it is not a propagating wave but rather a superposition of two quasi-static magnetic field distributions in phase quadrature. Because of the time-changing direction of the magnetic field, isotropic magnetic field probes employing rectification or detection cannot be used to accurately characterize such a system. Finally, coupling into devices inadvertently or intentionally introduced into the high field region is quite complicated necessitating numerical simulation.
Wagging the Tail: Essential Role of Substrate Flexibility in FAAH Catalysis (2013)

The serine hydrolase, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), is responsible for the intracellular degradation of anandamide and other bioactive fatty acid ethanolamides involved in the regulation of pain, inflammation, and other pathophysiological processes. The catalytic site of FAAH is composed of multiple cavities with mixed hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, the role of which remains incompletely understood. Anandamide is thought to enter the active site through a "membrane-access" (MA) channel and position its flexible fatty acyl chain in a highly hydrophobic "acyl chain-binding" (AB) cavity to allow for hydrolysis to occur. Using microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of FAAH embedded in a realistic membrane/water environment, we show now that anandamide may not lock itself into the AB cavity but may rather assume catalytically significant conformations required for hydrolysis by moving its flexible arachidonoyl tail between the MA and AB cavities. This process is regulated by a phenylalanine residue (Phe432) located at the boundary between the two cavities, which may act as a "dynamic paddle." The results identify structural flexibility as a key determinant by which FAAH recognizes its primary lipid substrate.
Feature Ranking and Modeling of Mineral Effects on Reservoir Rock Surface Chemistry Using Smart Algorithms (2022)

Reservoir rock minerals and their surface charge development have been the subject of several studies with a consensus reached on their contribution to the control of reservoir rock surface interactions. However, the question of what factors control the surface charge of minerals and to what extent do these factors affect the surface charge remains unanswered. Also, with several factors identified in our earlier studies, the question of the order of effect on the mineral surface charge was unclear. To quantify the mineral surface charge, zeta potential measurements and Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theories, as well as surface complexation models, are used. However, these methods can only predict a single mineral surface charge and cannot approximate the reservoir rock surface. This is because the reservoir rock is composed of many minerals in varying proportions. To address these drawbacks, for the first time, we present the implementation of machine learning models to predict reservoir minerals' surface charge. Four different models namely the Adaptive Boosting Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, Support Vector Regressor, and the Gradient Boosting tree were implemented for this purpose with all the model predictions over 95% accuracy. Also, feature ranking of the factors that control the mineral surface charge was carried out with the most dominant factors being the mineral type, salt type, and pH of the environment. Findings reveal an opportunity for accurate prediction of reservoir rock surface charge given the enormous amount of data available.
Electronic and thermoelectric transport in semiconductor and metallic superlattices (2004)

A detailed theory of nonisothermal electron transport perpendicular to multilayer superlattice structures is presented. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and the cooling power density are calculated using Fermi–Dirac statistics, density-of-states for a finite quantum well and the quantum mechanical reflection coefficient. The resulting equations are valid in a wide range of temperatures and electric fields. It is shown that conservation of lateral momentum plays an important role in the device characteristics. If the lateral momentum of the hot electrons is conserved in the thermionic emission process, only carriers with sufficiently large kinetic energy perpendicular to the barrier can pass over it and cool the emitter junction. However, if there is no conservation of lateral momentum, the number of electrons participating in a thermionic emission will increase. This has a significant effect on the I–V measurements as well as the cooling characteristics. Theoretical calculations are compared with the experimental dark current characteristics of quantum well infrared photodetectors and good agreement over a wide temperature range for a variety of superlattice structures is obtained. In contrast with earlier studies, it is shown that lateral momentum is conserved for the case of electron transport in planar semiconductor barriers.