gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion of Carbon Steel in CO <sub>2</sub> -Saturated Brines Investigated by Rotating Disk Electrode and Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (2017)

CO2 makes carbon steels susceptible to corrosion and failure during oil and natural gas exploration, production, transmission, and processing as well as in CO2 capture and sequestration systems. CO2 corrosion of carbon steel grade X65 was investigated in deaerated 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions from pH 4 to 7 at 30 oC in a rotating disk electrode system. The effects of CO2, pH, and mass transport were studied using in situ electrochemical methods. The CR increased by ~20 times by CO2 through facilitating anodic and cathodic reactions. The CR decreased at higher pH mostly due to suppressed cathodic reactions. Higher rotation rate slightly increased CR without changing the reaction mechanism. The cathodic reaction was limited by slow hydration of CO2. The scanning vibrating electrode technique showed a growing pit after corroded in the N2 deaerated solution, and the corrosion products covered surface served as the cathode in the CO2 saturated solution.
Selective Modulation of BV-2 Microglial Activation by Prostaglandin E2 (1999)

The influence of prostaglandins on glial functions and, more specifically, on glial activation is not well understood. We report here that prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), one of the major prostaglandins produced in the brain, acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary microglia and the microglial cell line BV-2. The IC(50) for this effect is 1 nM, and 100 nM PGE(2) suppresses TNF-alpha production by >95%. More detailed studies of BV-2 cells show that PGE(2) also prevents the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 but does not significantly modify lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2, pro-IL-1beta, or inducible nitric oxide synthase. PGE(2) appears to act primarily at the level of translation or protein stability, because TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA levels were only modestly decreased at high PGE(2) concentrations; concomitantly with this inhibition, PGE(2) up-regulated the levels of IL-1beta mRNA. The effects of PGE(2) could be largely mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP, suggesting that, as in other cell types, PGE(2) action is mediated at least in part by a rise in intracellular cyclic AMP. However, the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 only partially reversed the inhibition of TNF-alpha production by PGE(2), implying that the PGE(2) effect in BV-2 cells is mediated through both protein kinase A-dependent and -independent pathways.
Magneto-inductive networked rescue system (MINERS) (2012)

Wireless underground networks are an emerging technology which have application in a number of scenarios. For example, in a mining disaster, flooding or a collapse can isolate portions of underground tunnels, severing wired communication links and preventing radio communication. In this paper, we explore the use of low frequency magnetic fields for communication, and present a new hardware platform that features triaxial transmitter/receiver antenna loops. We point out that the fundamental problem of the magnetic channel is the limited bitrate at long ranges, due to the extreme path loss of 60 dB/decade. To this end, we present two complementary techniques to address this limitation. Firstly, we demonstrate magnetic vector modulation, a technique which modulates the three dimensional orientation of the magnetic vector. This increases the gross bitrate by a factor of over 2.5, without an increase in transmission power or bandwidth. Secondly, we show how in a multi-hop network latencies can be dramatically reduced by receiving multiple parallel streams of frequency multiplexed data in a many-to-one configuration. These techniques are demonstrated on a working hardware platform, which for flexible operation, features a software defined magnetic transceiver. Typical communication range is approximately 30 m through rock.
Cold Start Dead Sensor (2014)

This article explains how electrostatic discharge from oil can destroy sensitive and crucial engine components. All thermomechanical power systems contain a dielectric fluid – namely the circulating lubricant oil – where its circulation can create friction and cause a static electric charge to build up. The charge can induce voltage spikes in portions of the circulation manifold during the initial warm-up period. The spike can destroy a sensitive component such as a sensor or microprocessor, and if that component is critical to operation, the engine will shut down. Flow electrification of liquids has been a source of numerous industrial hazards, primarily in the petroleum and power industries. This effect occurs in improperly grounded systems carrying fuels, lubricating oils, and other hydrocarbon liquids. That’s why some commercial gasoline fuel hoses in the United States have an attached ground wire to dissipate electric charge accumulation during fueling operations and there exist regulations to shut off the engine when pumping fuel into a vehicle.
Shout to Secure: Physical-Layer Wireless Security with Known Interference (2007)

This paper proposes a physical-layer security scheme for wireless networks, aiming to achieve communication secrecy by making the eavesdropper incapable of decoding the secret wireless message. The considered scenario features one user within the range of two access points, API and AP2. The APs are assumed to be connected through an alternative secure (e.g. wired) connection. The goal is to secure the wireless link between the user and API. While the user transmits to API, AP2 simultaneously transmits an interfering signal, which is a priori provided to API, such that API is likely the only node capable of decoding the user's entire transmission. Evaluation is done through simulation by measuring the upper bound of the information-theoretic secrecy and error performance. In the latter case it is shown that the eavesdropper experiences significantly higher error rates than the intended receiver, thus providing evidence of practical security.
Validation of photocurrent-based strain sensing using a P3HT-based nanocomposite (2011)

There is a dire need to develop novel robust and reliable sensing technologies for identifying the onset of structural damage and for preventing sudden catastrophic structure failures. While numerous sensors (e.g., fiber optics, wireless sensors, piezoelectrics, and remote sensing, among others) have been proposed for structural health monitoring, the current generation of sensing systems suffer from some fundamental limitations such as discrete sensing and high energy demand. In this study, a new paradigm for strain sensing and structural monitoring is proposed by developing a novel optoelectronic nanocomposite that can generate strain-sensitive photocurrent. Unlike other common sensing transducers, the proposed nanocomposite sensor is a self-sensing material, is conformable to structural surfaces, is of small form factor, and does not require an external power source. First, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) conductive polymer (i.e., the main photoactive component of the nanocomposite) is synthesized in the laboratory and characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Second, thin films comprising of P3HT and carbon nanotubes are fabricated via spin coating. Upon specimen fabrication, the nanocomposite's photocurrent generation capabilities are investigated and evaluated. Finally, thin film specimens are loaded in an electromechanical load frame, and the preliminary results show that the magnitude of generated photocurrent varies in tandem with applied tensile strains.
Mesomorphism Induced by Hydrogen Bonding between Complementary Components. Crystal and Molecular Structure of the Adduct between 4-Phenylbenzoic Acid and 4-Cyano-4′-Stilbazole (1996)

Abstract Hydrogen-bonded complexes were formed between complementary, proton-donating and accepting components. Symmetric (two-to-one) complexes of 4-substituted benzoic acids and 4,4′-bipyridine and structurally unsymmetric (one-to-one) complexes of benzoic acid derivatives with either 4-cyano or 4-nitro-4′-stilbazole, were studied. Despite the fact that none of the components was particularly mesogenic, nor contained an alkyl chain, many of the resultant mixtures displayed nematic mesomorphism. In some cases the clearing temperature was above 220°C. The crystal and molecular structure of one of these liquid-crystalline complexes, 2c (4-phenylbenzoic acid/4-cyano-4′-stilbazole) is described.
Translational assessment of a genetic engineering methodology to improve islet function for transplantation (2019)

These results are promising first steps towards the generation of high-quality islets and suggest synthetic biology as an important tool in future clinical islet transplantations. Moreover, the presented methodology might serve as a useful research strategy to dissect cellular signalling mechanisms of relevance for optimal islet function.
Injuries in Nonurban Areas are Associated With Increased Disability at Hospital Discharge (2009)

Injuries in a nonurban location are associated with worse functional outcomes at hospital discharge. The magnitude of risk of a poor functional outcome is highest for patients who are injured in a rural location. These findings are important when considering allocation of trauma resources.
Expression, Regulation, and Function of B Cell-Expressed CD154 in Germinal Centers (1999)

Activated B cells and T cells express CD154/CD40 ligand in vitro. The in vivo expression and function of B cell CD154 remain unclear and therefore were examined. Tonsillar B and T cells expressed CD154 at a similar density both in situ and immediately ex vivo, whereas a significantly higher percentage of the former expressed CD154. CD154-expressing B cells were most frequent in the CD38positiveIgD+ pre-germinal center (GC)/GC founder, CD38positive GC and CD38-IgD- memory populations, and were also found in the CD38-IgD+ naive and CD38brightIgD+ plasmablast subsets, but not in the CD38brightIgD- plasma cell subset. B cell expression of CD154 was induced by engaging surface Ig or CD40 by signals that predominantly involved activation of AP-1/NF-AT and NF-kappaB, respectively. The functional importance of CD154-mediated homotypic B cell interactions in vivo was indicated by the finding that mAb to CD154 inhibited differentiation of CD38positiveIgD- GC B cells to CD38-IgD- memory cells. In addition, mAb to CD154 inhibited proliferation induced by engaging sIg or CD40, indicating the role of up-regulation of this molecule in facilitating B cell responsiveness. Of note, CD154 itself not only functioned as a ligand but also as a direct signaling molecule as anti-CD154-conjugated Sepharose beads costimulated B cell responses induced by engaging surface Ig. These results indicate that CD154 is expressed by human B cells in vivo and plays an important role in mediating B cell responses.
Resource-Efficient Detection of Elephant Rumbles (2017)

The human-elephant conflict is causing significant damages to the life of human and elephants in Sri Lanka. Minimizing encounters between humans and elephants is hence crucial in alleviating the human-elephant conflict. We have earlier introduced Eloc, a cost-effective localization system that is based on infrasonic emissions from wild elephants. One of the remaining challenges is a resource-efficient method to detect the elephants' infrasonic emissions. We present our efforts on devising a support vector machine (SVM) that is able to detect elephant rumbles on Eloc nodes.
717 (2015)

Copyright © by 2015 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Short-term variations in particulate matter flux in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea (1997)

As part of the Ross Sea Marginal Ice Zone Ecology Project (ROSSMIZE) the summer organic matter flux through the water column was measured at 40 m depth in Terra Nova Bay. Water samples and material from a sediment trap on the sea-bottom were analysed for their biochemical composition. A close coupling between biochemical composition of the organic matter in the water column and the material collected in the sediment trap was found, resulting from complex interactions between physical and biological processes. The physical processes are related to break-up and melting of the ice cover and occur mainly in the early summer season, whilst biological processes play a key role in mid summer and, from the evidence from faecal pellets, are related to the primary production and consumption processes.
Aboveground carbon emissions from gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon (2020)

Abstract In the Peruvian Amazon, high biodiversity tropical forest is underlain by gold-enriched subsurface alluvium deposited from the Andes, which has generated a clash between short-term earnings for miners and long-term environmental damage. Tropical forests sequester important amounts of carbon, but deforestation and forest degradation continue to spread in Madre de Dios, releasing carbon to the atmosphere. Updated spatially explicit quantification of aboveground carbon emissions caused by gold mining is needed to further motivate conservation efforts and to understand the effects of illegal mining on greenhouse gases. We used satellite remote sensing, airborne LiDAR, and deep learning models to create high-resolution, spatially explicit estimates of aboveground carbon stocks and emissions from gold mining in 2017 and 2018. For an area of ∼750 000 ha, we found high variations in aboveground carbon density (ACD) with mean ACD of 84.6 (±36.4 standard deviation) Mg C ha −1 and 83.9 (±36.0) Mg C ha −1 for 2017 and 2018, respectively. An alarming 1.12 Tg C of emissions occurred in a single year affecting 23,613 hectares, including in protected zones and their ecological buffers. Our methods and findings are preparatory steps for the creation of an automated, high-resolution forest carbon emission monitoring system that will track near real-time changes and will support actions to reduce the environmental impacts of gold mining and other destructive forest activities.
HoughNet: Integrating near and long-range evidence for visual detection (2021)

This paper presents HoughNet, a one-stage, anchor-free, voting-based, bottom-up object detection method. Inspired by the Generalized Hough Transform, HoughNet determines the presence of an object at a certain location by the sum of the votes cast on that location. Votes are collected from both near and long-distance locations based on a log-polar vote field. Thanks to this voting mechanism, HoughNet is able to integrate both near and long-range, class-conditional evidence for visual recognition, thereby generalizing and enhancing current object detection methodology, which typically relies on only local evidence. On the COCO dataset, HoughNet's best model achieves $46.4$ $AP$ (and $65.1$ $AP_{50}$), performing on par with the state-of-the-art in bottom-up object detection and outperforming most major one-stage and two-stage methods. We further validate the effectiveness of our proposal in other visual detection tasks, namely, video object detection, instance segmentation, 3D object detection and keypoint detection for human pose estimation, and an additional "labels to photo" image generation task, where the integration of our voting module consistently improves performance in all cases. Code is available at https://github.com/nerminsamet/houghnet.
Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Dormant Buds of Grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>L.) (1997)

Dormant grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) cuttings were removed from cold storage (3°C) and incubated at 25°C or 45°C for 30 minutes (heat shock treatment), followed by four hours at 25°C. Control cuttings were held at 3°C. Bud proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Thirty-two proteins accumulated following heat shock at 25°C, and 112 accumulated following heat shock at 45°C. Relative to the control, 10 proteins decreased in the 25°C heat shocked buds, but were present at similar or greater concentrations in the 45°C heat shocked buds. Two-dimensional western immunoblots revealed three HSP70 isoforms (pIs 5.84, 5.86, and 5.90) in the control buds, and much larger amounts of two of the isoforms (pIs 5.86, and 5.90) in the 45°C heat shocked buds. The 25°C heat shocked buds had a small amount of only one HSP70 isoform (pI 5.90). The decrease in HSP70 following heat shock at 25°C raises the possibility that changes in the protein profile at this temperature may not be related to a heat shock response, even though 25°C for 4.5 hours has been shown to confer increased thermotolerance. Heat shock at 45°C, which confers greater thermotolerance, is correlated with increased expression of HSP70 as well as other proteins.
Soft Cell Simulator: A tool to study soft multi-cellular robots (2013)

Modular or multi-cellular robots hold the promise to adapt their morphology to task and environment. However, research in modular robotics has traditionally been limited to mechanically non-adaptive systems due to hard building blocks and rigid connection mechanisms. To improve adaptation and global flexibility, we suggest the use of modules made of soft materials. Thanks to recent advances in fabrication techniques the development of soft robots without spatial or material constraints is now possible. In order to exploit this vast design space, computer simulations are a time and cost-efficient tool. However, there is currently no framework available that allows studying the dynamics of soft multi-cellular systems. In this work, we present our simulation framework named Soft Cell Simulator (SCS) that enables to study both mechanical design parameters as well as control problems of soft multi-cellular systems in an time-efficient yet globally accurate manner. Its main features are: (i) high simulation speed to test systems with a large number of cells (real-time up to 100 cells), (ii) large non-linear deformations without module self-penetration, (iii) tunability of module softness (0-500 N/m), (iv) physics-based module connectivity, (v) variability of module shape using internal actuators. We present results that validate the plausibility of the simulated soft cells, the scalability as well as the usability of the simulator. We suggest that this simulator helps to master and leverage the potential of the vast design space to generate novel soft multi-cellular robots.
Identification of the <i>in Vivo</i> Function of the High-Efficiency <scp>d</scp>-Mannonate Dehydratase in <i>Caulobacter crescentus</i> NA1000 from the Enolase Superfamily (2014)

The d-mannonate dehydratase (ManD) subgroup of the enolase superfamily contains members with varying catalytic activities (high-efficiency, low-efficiency, or no activity) that dehydrate d-mannonate and/or d-gluconate to 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-gluconate [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 2722-2731]. Despite extensive in vitro characterization, the in vivo physiological role of a ManD has yet to be established. In this study, we report the in vivo functional characterization of a high-efficiency ManD from Caulobacter crescentus NA1000 (UniProt entry B8GZZ7) by in vivo discovery of its essential role in d-glucuronate metabolism. This in vivo functional annotation may be extended to ~50 additional proteins.
Effect of Methotrexate Treatment on the Onset of Autoimmune Kidney Disease in Lupus Mice. (1992)

In the present study, we examined the effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the development of autoimmune kidney disease in three kinds of autoimmune prone mice, NZB/NZW F1 (BWF1) mice, MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice and NZW/BXSB F1 (WBF1) mice. The results showed that MTX delayed the appearance of proteinuria and prolonged survival of both BWF1 and MRL/lpr mice and inhibited the elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels which accompanies the development of lupus nephritis. However, MTX treatment did not affect these in WBF1 mice. Furthermore, MTX could not suppress immunoglobulin G (IgG) class anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and anti-trinitrophenol (TNP) antibody production in any variety of mice. These suggest that the therapeutic effect of MTX on BWF1 and MRL/lpr mice does not result in the suppression of IgG autoantibody production.
Enhancing the capability and energy efficiency of smartphones using WPAN (2011)

Smartphones are constrained in battery-energy and resources such as processing power, storage, and Internet bandwidth. The capabilities of the smartphones can be enhanced if they can access the hardware, software resources and data on a laptop in an energy efficient way. This enables the owner of a smartphone and a laptop to use his/her devices with flexibility. With this view, we propose Universal Computing and Communication Interface (UCCI) to facilitate such sharing of resources between two wireless portable devices using wireless personal area network (WPAN). We developed prototypes of UCCI using BlackBerry 9700 and HTC Nexus One smartphones, and performed experiments on an energy measurement testbed. We show the efficacy of the proposed model through experiments, and evaluated the energy costs of an application which transfers file through 3G, WiFi and Bluetooth links. We also measured the costs of file compression and decompression on a HTC Nexus One smartphone, and discuss how they affect the file transfer costs.
Hopanoids: Sterol Equivalents in Bacteria (1987)

Sterols (e.g., cholesterol and ergosterol) are known to occur nearly exclusively in higher organisms (eukaryotes). Only a few bacteria synthesize or utilize sterols. Hopanoids, a class of pentacylic triterpenoids, are found in about 50% of the bacterial strains investigated. These hopanoids mostly contain an extended side chain with polar groups, therefore they resemble the geohopanoids found in crude oil and geological sediments. In model membrane systems hopanoids condense phospholipids, enhance viscosity, and diminish permeability. In certain bacteria, subsequent to an increase in growth temperature or in ethanol concentration, the hopanoid content in the cellular lipid raction is enhanced. In cholesterol-dependent bacteria, hopanoids can substitute for the sterol. From these experiments one can conclude that hopanoids possess a membrane-stabilizing function very similar to sterols.
Mechanical loading and hyperosmolarity as a daily resetting cue for skeletal circadian clocks (2021)

Abstract Daily rhythms in mammalian behaviour and physiology are generated by a multi-oscillator circadian system entrained through environmental cues (e.g. light). Presence of niche-dependent physiological time cues has been proposed, allowing local tissues flexibility of phase adjustment. However, to date, such stimuli have remained elusive. Here we show that cycles of mechanical loading and osmotic stimuli within physiological range drive rhythmic expression of clock genes and reset clock phase and amplitude in cartilage and intervertebral disc tissues. Hyperosmolarity (not hypo-osmolarity) resets clocks in young and ageing skeletal tissues through mTORC2-AKT-GSK3β pathway, leading to genome-wide induction of rhythmic genes. These results advocate diurnal patterns of mechanical loading and consequent daily surges in osmolarity as a bona fide tissue niche-specific time cue to maintain skeletal circadian rhythms in sync. One-Sentence Summary Circadian clocks in aneural skeletal tissues sense the passage of time through rhythmic patterns of loading and osmolarity