gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies against rabies: current uses in prophylaxis and in therapy (2022)

Rabies is a severe viral infection that causes an acute encephalomyelitis, which presents a case fatality of nearly 100% after the manifestation of neurological clinical signs. Rabies can be efficiently prevented with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), composed of vaccines and anti-rabies immunoglobulins (RIGs); however, no treatment exists for symptomatic rabies. The PEP protocol faces access and implementation obstacles in resource-limited settings, which could be partially overcome by substituting RIGs for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs offer lower production costs, consistent supply availability, long-term storage/stability, and an improved safety profile. Here we summarize the key features of the different available mAbs against rabies, focusing on their application in PEP and highlighting their potential in a novel therapeutic approach.
Computer Aided Diagnosis for Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Advanced Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (2016)

Computed aided diagnosis via fractal analysis of glandular structures can complement the traditional histological and minimally invasive imaging methods. A larger dataset from colorectal and other pathologies should be used to further validate the diagnostic power of the method.
Cigarette Smoking as a Predictor of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor–Associated Genital Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2021)

Observational study reporting risk factors for genital infections in a cohort of patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors
Optimized Microwave-Based Synthesis of Thermally Stable Inverse Catalytic Core–shell Motifs for CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation (2020)

The rational synthesis of Cu@TiO<sub>2</sub> core@shell nanowire (NW) structures was thoroughly explored using a microwave-assisted method through the tuning of experimental parameters such as but not limited to (i) controlled variation in molar ratios, (ii) the effect of discrete Ti precursors, (iii) the method of addition of the precursors themselves, and (iv) time of irradiation. Uniform coatings were obtained using Cu/Ti molar ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1, respectively. It should be noted that although relative molar precursor concentrations primarily determined the magnitude of the resulting shell size, the dependence was nonlinear. Moreover, additionally important reaction parameters, such as precursor identity, the means of addition of precursors, and the reaction time, were individually explored with the objective of creating a series of optimized reaction conditions. As compared with Cu NWs alone, it is evident that both of the Cu@TiO<sub>2</sub> core-shell NW samples, regardless of pretreatment conditions, evinced much better catalytic performance, up to as much as 20 times greater activity as compared with standard Cu NWs. These results imply the significance of the Cu/TiO<sub>2</sub> interface in terms of promoting CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation, because TiO<sub>2</sub> alone is known to be inert for this reaction. Furthermore, it is additionally notable that the N<sub>2</sub> annealing pretreatment is crucial in terms of preserving the overall Cu@TiO<sub>2</sub> core@shell structure. We also systematically analyzed and tracked the structural and chemical evolution of our catalysts before and after the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction experiments. Indeed, we discovered that the core@shell wire motif was essentially maintained and conserved after this high-temperature reaction process, thereby accentuating the thermal stability and physical robustness of our as-prepared hierarchical motifs.
Le statut immun de la cellule de Schwann : quels rôles pour le récepteur P2X<sub>7</sub> ? (2003)

Le système nerveux périphérique (SNP) présente des barrières structurales et une absence de drainage lymphatique qui limitent fortement l’accès des molécules et des cellules immunitaires du système immunitaire. De plus, le SNP possède la capacité d’établir un environnement immuno-suppresseur qui tend à limiter le développement de la réaction inflammatoire associée à la pénétration d’un agent pathogène, ou à une pathologie autoimmune inflammatoire comme le syndrome de Guillain-Barré. Parmi les cellules résidentes du SNP présentant des compétences immunitaires, la cellule de Schwann est de première importance. De nombreuses études in vitro ont démontré la capacité de la cellule de Schwann a être une cellule présentatrice d'antigène, à produire des cytokines pro et anti-inflammatoires, des chémokines et des facteurs neurotrophiques. Ces résultats in vitro ont été confirmés par des études in vivo qui démontrent bien les capacités immunitaires de la cellule de Schwann. Le but de cette revue est de présenter par quels mécanismes la cellule de Schwann participe à l'initiation, au développement et à la terminaison de la réaction immunitaire, et de discuter quels rôles peut exercer le récepteur purinergique P2X7 dans les capacités immunes de la cellule de Schwann.
Operational concept and validation of a new airport low-level wind information system (2020)

Abstract Pilots are sometimes not provided with sufficient information to avoid go-arounds or other operational disruptions that result from low-level wind disturbances. We identified issues with existing windshear alerting systems and developed three types of airport low-level wind information systems to enhance pilot situational awareness of wind conditions by providing landing aircraft with quantitative and visualised wind information for ultimately mitigating air service disruptions due to low-level wind disturbances. The three systems, Airport Low-level Wind Information (ALWIN) and Low-level Turbulence Advisory System (LOTAS), both of which use Doppler radar/lidar, and Sodar-based Low-level Wind Information (SOLWIN), which uses Doppler SOnic Detection And Ranging (SODAR), have different costs and capabilities that allow the most cost-effective system to be selected for an airport according to its scale and local weather characteristics. This paper presents the operational concepts of our newly developed airport low-level wind information systems and describes their validation.
Heme-assisted S-Nitrosation Desensitizes Ferric Soluble Guanylate Cyclase to Nitric Oxide (2012)

Nitric oxide (NO) signaling regulates key processes in cardiovascular physiology, specifically vasodilation, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte rolling. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), the mammalian NO sensor, transduces an NO signal into the classical second messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP). NO binds to the ferrous (Fe(2+)) oxidation state of the sGC heme cofactor and stimulates formation of cGMP several hundred-fold. Oxidation of the sGC heme to the ferric (Fe(3+)) state desensitizes the enzyme to NO. The heme-oxidized state of sGC has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism of NO desensitization and find that sGC undergoes a reductive nitrosylation reaction that is coupled to the S-nitrosation of sGC cysteines. We further characterize the kinetics of NO desensitization and find that heme-assisted nitrosothiol formation of β1Cys-78 and β1Cys-122 causes the NO desensitization of ferric sGC. Finally, we provide evidence that the mechanism of reductive nitrosylation is gated by a conformational change of the protein. These results yield insights into the function and dysfunction of sGC in cardiovascular disease.
STING agonists enable antiviral cross-talk between human cells and confer protection against genital herpes in mice (2018)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in immunomodulatory therapy as a means to treat various conditions, including infectious diseases. For instance, Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been evaluated for treatment of genital herpes. However, although the TLR7 agonist imiquimod was shown to have antiviral activity in individual patients, no significant effects were observed in clinical trials, and the compound also exhibited significant side effects, including local inflammation. Cytosolic DNA is detected by the enzyme cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) to stimulate antiviral pathways, mainly through induction of type I interferon (IFN)s. cGAS is activated upon DNA binding to produce the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) 2'3'-cGAMP, which in turn binds and activates the adaptor protein Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), thus triggering type I IFN expression. In contrast to TLRs, STING is expressed broadly, including in epithelial cells. Here we report that natural and non-natural STING agonists strongly induce type I IFNs in human cells and in mice in vivo, without stimulating significant inflammatory gene expression. Systemic treatment with 2'3'-cGAMP reduced genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2 replication and improved the clinical outcome of infection. More importantly, local application of CDNs at the genital epithelial surface gave rise to local IFN activity, but only limited systemic responses, and this treatment conferred total protection against disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. In direct comparison between CDNs and TLR agonists, only CDNs acted directly on epithelial cells, hence allowing a more rapid and IFN-focused immune response in the vaginal epithelium. Thus, specific activation of the STING pathway in the vagina evokes induction of the IFN system but limited inflammatory responses to allow control of HSV2 infections in vivo.
Development of Multi-colored Neutron Talbot–Lau Interferometer with Absorption Grating Fabricated by Imprinting Method of Metallic Glass (2017)

For the effective interferometric imaging at pulsed neutron sources, we have developed the Talbot–Lau interferometer which works at several wavelengths, and demonstrated its operation by observing the visibilities of moiré fringes in different wavelength conditions. An absorption grating as an analyzer was fabricated by imprinting of metallic glass for the first time, and showed a well-controlled shape. Using such a grating, we have succeeded in interferometric imaging for the samples of metal rods at a wavelength of 5 Å.
Un nouveau pas vers le contrôle des propriétés des MXènes (2019)

Highlight sur l'article DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03976
Modified moving particle semi-implicit method for 3D print process simulations of short carbon fiber/polyamide-6 composites (2021)

In 3D printing of short fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites using the fused filament fabrication method, numerical simulation of the printing process is required to predict voids between print paths and to estimate the fusion of composites. In this study, the moving particle semi-implicit method for liquid simulation was extended to short fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites considering the latent heat of melting and solidification with composite particles. Numerical simulation of the 3D printing process of short carbon fiber/PA6 composites was conducted, and the results were compared with those of experiments; the simulated print path cross-sectional configuration agreed well with the experimental results.
Glutamate-like immunoreactivity marks compartments of the mushroom bodies in the brain of the cricket (2000)

In the mushroom bodies of the brain of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, the distribution of glutamate-like immunoreactivity is shown by using several immunocytochemical staining protocols and confocal and conventional microscopy. Glutamate-like staining of intrinsic cells of mushroom bodies (Kenyon cells), their axons and projections, is demonstrated for the first time. Two types of Kenyon cells constituting distinct, separated populations within the perikaryal layer and in prominent neuropilar subcompartments exhibit strong (type III cells) or medium (type II cells) glutamate-like immunoreactivity, whereas the small neurons of a central population (type I cells) lack staining above background. Type III Kenyon cells display a strong immunoreactivity similarly found in some giant neurons and in identified antennal motorneurons by using glutamate as an excitatory transmitter, indicating that also distinct populations of the Kenyon cells use glutamate as a putative transmitter. The pattern of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the mushroom bodies and in other parts of the brain is different from gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like immunoreactivity (investigated for comparison). GABA-like immunostaining is particularly prominent in the mushroom body calyces where Kenyon cells have their dendritic branchings. Differences in glutamate-like immunostaining in Kenyon cell subpopulations, together with differences in their arborization and axonal projection patterns, indicate a functional diversity of these neurons.
Effect of output capacitor structure on the input impedance of stacked boost converter (2014)

In order to improve the input impedance of stacked boost converter (SBC) that processes only a part of the total power delivery, the traditional three-capacitor structure is optimized as single-capacitor structure in this paper. Then small signal models of push-pull SBC based on these two capacitor structures are set up, the loop gain and input impedance are analyzed and compared. Finally, the effectiveness of theoretical analysis is verified by the experimental results.
Sun Exposure and Associated Risks in 17 Countries: Results from Europe Compared to Other Continents (2022)

Primary and secondary prevention of skin cancer vary considerably from one country to another.This survey investigates knowledge and behaviors regarding sun exposure in Europe compared to other continents such as North and South America, Africa, Oceania and Asia.This European survey among Germany, France, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom and Russia (N= 6,000) was conducted online from 28 September-18 October 2021 and was part of a broader worldwide survey (N=17,001) conducted in 17 countries (5 continents).Automated selection from the Ipsos online Panel ensured samples of 1,000 individuals in each country fit the quotas method based on gender, age, employment status, and country regions.Data covered demographics, phototype, exposure habits and practices, knowledge and understanding of risks."At-risk" sub-population was defined as individuals with a history of melanoma/non melanoma skin cancer, pre-cancerous lesions, photodermatosis, or currently on photosensitive or immunosuppressive drugs.
Fine Control of the Redox Reactivity of a Nonheme Iron(III)–Peroxo Complex by Binding Redox‐Inactive Metal Ions (2016)

Redox-inactive metal ions are one of the most important co-factors involved in dioxygen activation and formation reactions by metalloenzymes. In this study, we have shown that the logarithm of the rate constants of electron-transfer and C-H bond activation reactions by nonheme iron(III)-peroxo complexes binding redox-inactive metal ions, [(TMC)Fe<sup>III</sup> (O<sub>2</sub> )]<sup>+</sup> -M<sup>n+</sup> (M<sup>n+</sup> =Sc<sup>3+</sup> , Y<sup>3+</sup> , Lu<sup>3+</sup> , and La<sup>3+</sup> ), increases linearly with the increase of the Lewis acidity of the redox-inactive metal ions (ΔE), which is determined from the g<sub>zz</sub> values of EPR spectra of O<sub>2</sub><sup>.-</sup> -M<sup>n+</sup> complexes. In contrast, the logarithm of the rate constants of the [(TMC)Fe<sup>III</sup> (O<sub>2</sub> )]<sup>+</sup> -M<sup>n+</sup> complexes in nucleophilic reactions with aldehydes decreases linearly as the ΔE value increases. Thus, the Lewis acidity of the redox-inactive metal ions bound to the mononuclear nonheme iron(III)-peroxo complex modulates the reactivity of the [(TMC)Fe<sup>III</sup> (O<sub>2</sub> )]<sup>+</sup> -M<sup>n+</sup> complexes in electron-transfer, electrophilic, and nucleophilic reactions.
Total Synthesis of Paecilospirone (2011)

Neutralität ist die beste Taktik: Zu den Schlüsselelementen der ersten Totalsynthese von Paecilospiron gehören eine anti-selektive, auf einem Lactat aufbauende Aldolreaktion und eine doppelte Desallylierung/Spirocyclisierung im neutralen pH-Bereich, um das empfindliche hydroxysubstituierte benzanellierte Spiroacetal aufzubauen (siehe Schema; Bn=Benzyl, TBS=tert-Butyldimethylsilyl, TES=Triethylsilyl). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF α‐ AND β‐GLYCOPYRANOSIDES VIA 1‐O‐ALKYLATION (1981)

Abstract Aus dem Glykosid (II) entstehen die Ether (I) oder über die Substitutionsprodukte (III) die Glykoside (IW, die zu (V) hydrolysiert werden.
A Chromosome-Level Genome of the Agile Gracile Mouse Opossum (<i>Gracilinanus agilis</i>) (2021)

There are more than 100 species of American didelphid marsupials (opossums and mouse opossums). Limited genomic resources for didelphids exists, with only two publicly available genome assemblies compared with dozens in the case of their Australasian counterparts. This discrepancy impedes evolutionary and ecological research. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality chromosome-level genome of the agile gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis) using a combination of stLFR sequencing, polishing with mate-pair data, and anchoring onto pseudochromosomes using Hi-C. This species employs a rare life-history strategy, semelparity, and all G. agilis males and most females die at the end of their first breeding season after succumbing to stress and exhaustion. The 3.7-Gb chromosome-level assembly, with 92.6% anchored onto pseudochromosomes, has a scaffold N50 of 683.5 Mb and a contig N50 of 56.9 kb. The genome assembly shows high completeness, with a mammalian BUSCO score of 88.1%. Around 49.7% of the genome contains repetitive elements. Gene annotation yielded 24,425 genes, of which 83.9% were functionally annotated. The G. agilis genome is an important resource for future studies of marsupial biology, evolution, and conservation.
Non-invasive detection of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus changes in multiple myeloma patients by confocal laser scanning microscopy (2020)

CLSM provides a novel non-invasive diagnostic tool for identification of neuromas in cancer patients affected by therapy or disease-related neuropathologies, perspectival allowing early neuronal degenerative process detection and monitoring.
PD2P: PanDA Dynamic Data Placement for ATLAS (2012)

The PanDA (Production and Distributed Analysis) system plays a key role in the ATLAS distributed computing infrastructure. PanDA is the ATLAS workload management system for processing all Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation and data reprocessing jobs in addition to user and group analysis jobs. The PanDA Dynamic Data Placement (PD2P) system has been developed to cope with difficulties of data placement for ATLAS. We will describe the design of the new system, its performance during the past year of data taking, dramatic improvements it has brought about in the efficient use of storage and processing resources, associated reductions in average wait time for user analysis jobs, and plans for the future.
Ruxolitinib Prevents Ventilator Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction (2022)

Mechanical ventilation (MV), however brief results in the loss of diaphragm muscle mass and strength, termed ventilator induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). VIDD increases dependence, complicates and prolongs weaning and significantly increases discharge mortality rate and health care costs worldwide. The Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway was recently identified as an important signalling pathway implicated in VIDD, upregulated in the diaphragm following MV and limb muslces during critical care. Regulation of STAT3 is imperritve to skeletal muscle mass and function, as STAT3 is required in proper muscle growth and regeneration, while chronic activation of STAT3 is implicated in muscle dysfunction. As JAK/STAT pathway inhibition can restrict the development of chronic muscle wasting conditons, this study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Ruxolitinib, an approved JAK1/2 inhibitor for myelofibrosis, for treatment of CIM. We hypothesised Ruxolitinib would reduce loss of muscle mass and function associated with VIDD. Here, rats were subjected to five days controlled MV (CMV) with and without daily Ruxolitinib gavage. Five‐days CMV significantly reduced diaphragm muscle size and impaired specific force, which was associated with 2‐fold upregulation of P‐STAT3, disrupted mitochondrial structure and respiratory function. Expression of the motor protein myosin was not affected, however CMV may alter myosin function through deamidation post translational modification. Ruxolitinib increases five‐day survival rate, restored P‐STAT3 expression and preserved diaphragm muscle size and specific force. These functional improvements were associated with improved mitochondrial structure, augmented mitochondrial respiratory function and reversal or augmentation of myosin deamidations. These results provide evidence of the preclinical potential of repurposing Ruxolitinib for the treatment of VIDD.
HOXB2, an adverse prognostic indicator for stage I lung adenocarcinomas, promotes invasion by transcriptional regulation of metastasis-related genes in HOP-62 non-small cell lung cancer cells. (2008)

HOXB2 promotes invasion of lung cancer cells through the regulation of metastasis-related genes.
Health Reform in South Carolina (2013)

This Power Point presentation discusses health care spending and reform. It discusses Medicaid expeditures and the Affordable Care Act.
Factors Affecting Treatment Decisions and Outcomes of Root‐Resected Molars: A Nationwide Study (2013)

The overall survival rate of root-resected molars was satisfactory. Patients with advanced age (>74 years) had a higher risk of extraction occurrence on resected molars. Patient-related factors may influence the treatment decision of whether molars receive flap surgery. These findings suggest that demographic factors should be carefully evaluated before and after performing root-resection procedures because these factors may eventually impact the outcome of root-resected molars.
Highly Conducting π-Conjugated Molecular Junctions Covalently Bonded to Gold Electrodes (2011)

We measure electronic conductance through single conjugated molecules bonded to Au metal electrodes with direct Au-C covalent bonds using the scanning tunneling microscope based break-junction technique. We start with molecules terminated with trimethyltin end groups that cleave off in situ, resulting in formation of a direct covalent σ bond between the carbon backbone and the gold metal electrodes. The molecular carbon backbone used in this study consist of a conjugated π system that has one terminal methylene group on each end, which bonds to the electrodes, achieving large electronic coupling of the electrodes to the π system. The junctions formed with the prototypical example of 1,4-dimethylenebenzene show a conductance approaching one conductance quantum (G(0) = 2e(2)/h). Junctions formed with methylene-terminated oligophenyls with two to four phenyl units show a 100-fold increase in conductance compared with junctions formed with amine-linked oligophenyls. The conduction mechanism for these longer oligophenyls is tunneling, as they exhibit an exponential dependence of conductance on oligomer length. In addition, density functional theory based calculations for the Au-xylylene-Au junction show near-resonant transmission, with a crossover to tunneling for the longer oligomers.