gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Paul Langevin’s quartz sensor to ultrasound metrology of today (2022)

This talk focuses on the remarkable impact of Paul Langevin’s research since he (in 1917) proposed to use the piezoelectric properties of quartz for underwater detection of ultrasound signals. Not only has his pioneering idea opened the field of quantitative measurements of acoustic waves, but it also had far-reaching implications for the development of modern ultrasound metrology, driven by the need to ensure the safety of ultrasound used in visualizing of internal human organs for diagnostic applications and maximizing the efficacy and precision of treatment in therapeutic application of ultrasound waves. In summarizing the current advances in ultrasound metrology, a succinct background explaining why, initially, both the scientific community and industry were skeptical about the existence of the nonlinear (NL) wave propagation in tissue will be given and the design of an adequately wideband piezoelectric polymer hydrophone probe that was eventually used to verify that the 1–5 MHz probing wave then used in diagnostic ultrasound imaging was undergoing nonlinear distortion and generated harmonics in tissue will be discussed. [ Work supported by the NIHNINR through Grant No. 5R01NR015995. The contents of this presentation are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.]
Epipolar-Based Stereo Tracking Without Explicit 3D Reconstruction (2010)

We present a general framework for tracking image regions in two views simultaneously based on sum-of-squared differences (SSD) minimization. Our method allows for motion models up to affine transformations. Contrary to earlier approaches, we incorporate the well-known epipolar constraints directly into the SSD optimization process. Since the epipolar geometry can be computed from the image directly, no prior calibration is necessary. Our algorithm has been tested in different applications including camera localization, wide-baseline stereo, object tracking and medical imaging. We show experimental results on robustness and accuracy compared to the known ground truth given by a conventional tracking device.
Bayesian and Quasi Monte Carlo Spherical Integration for Illumination Integrals (2014)

The spherical sampling of the incident radiance function entails a high computational cost. Therefore the illumination integral must be evaluated using a limited set of samples. Such a restriction raises the question of how to obtain the most accurate approximation possible with such a limited set of samples. We need to ensure that sampling produces the highest amount of information possible by carefully placing the limited set of samples. Furthermore we want our integral evaluation to take into account not only the information produced by the sampling but also possible information available prior to sampling. In this tutorial we focus on the case of hemispherical sampling for spherical Monte Carlo (MC) integration. We will show that existing techniques can be improved by making a detailed analysis of the theory of MC spherical integration. We will then use this theory to identify and improve the weak points of current approaches, based on very recent advances in the fields of integration and spherical Quasi-Monte Carlo integration.
All-PM Fibre Laser with Switchable Pulsed Regimes Driven by Electrochemically Gated Carbon Nanotube Saturable Absorber (2019)

Summary form only given. Pulse lasing driven by a real saturable absorber (SA) in a fibre laser cavity is conditional on modulation characteristics determined by the nonlinear material and implementation geometry of the SA. Generally, these parameters can be only preset during the SA fabrication. For instance, modulation depth of a single-wall carbon nanotube saturable absorber (SWCNT-SA) sandwiched between fibre connectors is governed by its thickness [1]. Here we demonstrate electronic control of pulse lasing regimes in an all-PM fibre laser by using an original electrochemically gated in-line SWCNT-SA. Earlier it was shown that electric gating of graphene can alter its nonlinear optical properties [2], but for SWCNT, to the best of our knowledge, there were no such studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus Protease by Benzoxazinones and Evidence of Antiviral Activity in Cell Culture. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interactions between genes involved in the antioxidant defence system and breast cancer risk (2006)

The aim of the study is to examine the association between multilocus genotypes across 10 genes encoding proteins in the antioxidant defence system and breast cancer. The 10 genes are SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX4, GSR, CAT, TXN, TXN2, TXNRD1 and TXNRD2. In all, 2271 cases and 2280 controls were used to examine gene-gene interactions between 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are hypothesised to tag all common variants in the 10 genes. The statistical analysis is based on three methods: unconditional logistic regression, multifactor dimensionality reduction and hierarchical cluster analysis. We examined all two- and three-way combinations with unconditional logistic regression and multifactor dimensionality reduction, and used a global approach with all SNPs in the hierarchical cluster analysis. Single-locus studies of an association of genetic variants in the antioxidant defence genes and breast cancer have been contradictory and inconclusive. It is the first time, to our knowledge, the association between multilocus genotypes across genes coding for antioxidant defence enzymes and breast cancer is investigated. We found no evidence of an association with breast cancer with our multilocus approach. The search for two-way interactions gave experiment-wise significance levels of P=0.24 (TXN [t2715c] and TXNRD2 [g23524a]) and P=0.58 (GSR [c39396t] and TXNRD2 [a442g]), for the unconditional logistic regression and multifactor dimensionality reduction, respectively. The experiment-wise significance levels for the three-way interactions were P=0.94 (GPX4 [t2572c], TXN [t2715c] and TXNRD2 [g23524a]) and P=0.29 (GSR [c39396t], TXN [t2715c] and TXNRD2 [a442g]) for the unconditional logistic regression and multifactor dimensionality reduction, respectively. In the hierarchical cluster analysis neither the average across four rounds with replacement of missing values at random (P=0.12) nor a fifth round with more balanced proportion of missing values between cases and controls (P=0.17) was significant.
All-optical switching in a liquid crystalline waveguide (2005)

We demonstrate an all-optical switch based on mode mixing in a liquid crystalline waveguide defined by an external voltage. Efficient switching and rerouting can be achieved with good contrast at low powers in the whole transparency region. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.
Surfactant behavior and limited incorporation of Indium during in-situ doping of GeSn grown by MBE (2022)

GeSn is a promising group-IV semiconductor material for on-chip Si photonics devices and high-mobility transistors. These devices require the use of doped GeSn regions, achieved preferably in-situ during epitaxy. From the electronic valence point of view, p-type dopants of group-IV materials include B, Al, Ga and In. The latter element has never been investigated as p-type dopant in GeSn. In this work, we explore in-situ In p-type doping of GeSn grown by MBE. We demonstrate that In acts as a surfactant during epitaxial growth of GeSn:In, accumulating on surface and inducing segregation in the form of mobile Sn-In liquid droplets, strongly affecting the local composition of the material. In non-defective GeSn, we measure a maximal In incorporation of 2.8E18cm-3, which is two orders of magnitude lower than the values reported in the literature for in-situ p-type doping of GeSn. We further show that In induces the nucleation of defects at low growth temperatures, hindering out-of-equilibrium growth processes for maximization of dopant incorporation. This work provides insights on the limitations associated with in-situ In doping of GeSn, and discourages its utilization in GeSn-based optoelectronic devices.
Occupational asthma (2012)

Work exposures are a significant contributor to the burden of asthma. The median proportion of adult cases of asthma attributable to occupational exposure is between 10 and 25%. Occupational asthma is usually due to an allergic response to high- or low-molecular-weight agents, either through the interaction with specific IgE antibodies or by other immune mechanisms. Less commonly, occupational asthma can result from high-level irritant exposures at work. In the evaluation of occupational asthma, appropriate clinical, immunological and environmental investigations should be carried out in a stepwise fashion in order to prove the work-relatedness and to identify the offending agent. The appropriate treatment remains early removal from exposure with preservation of income. Primary and secondary preventive strategies should be directed at controlling workplace exposures, accompanied by intense educational and managerial improvements.
Abstract 305: Cytokine Response to Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate Injections in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (2017)

Objective: No medical intervention is approved for patients who suffer from critical limb ischemia (CLI) without a surgical revascularization option. Concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) injections have demonstrated safety and efficacy in increasing 1-year amputation-free survival (AFS) in the phase III multicenter, double blind, randomized controlled MOBILE trial. The response to cBMA injection is described herein. Methods: A murine (IL-2Rγ -/- ) hind-limb ischemia model was employed to assay blood and tissue levels of angiogenic markers after MarrowStim TM derived cBMA injection. Responders to therapy were selected by cutaneous laser Doppler. Animals were sacrificed at various time points post-injection during which blood and distal limb tissue was harvested. 10 patients were enrolled into the MOBILE Continuing Access trial from May to December 2016 and received cBMA injections into the ischemic limb. Blood was collected at days 1, 3, 7, 14, 45, 60, and 90. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and protein markers of tissue ischemia were assayed by FACS and ELISA respectively. Results: In mice, cBMA produced a marked increase in gross tissue survival, capillary density, and perfusion compared to the control limb despite low engraftment of human cells. There was no inflammatory infiltration at any of the injection sites. Subanalysis of groups that had differing responses demonstrated crucial increases in FGF-2, VEGF, angiopoietin-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. 7 subjects donated adequate of blood samples for FACS analysis; of this cohort, 5 patients had demonstrable increases in their EPC to non-EPC ratios immediately post-treatment. No statistically significant changes in FGF, VEGF, ANG1/2, PDGF, and GM-CSF was observed in the systemic circulation. Conclusions: cBMA has demonstrated efficacy in increasing 1-year AFS in CLI patients without surgical revascularization options. However, the response to treatment is variable and further studies are required to predict those who would benefit the most from cBMA.
Transmission of spatio-temporal patterns from biological to artificial neural networks by a multi-electrode array (2008)

The monitoring of a set of individual neurons in cultured biological networks or in the brain has become feasible with the used/development of multi-electrode arrays (MEA). However, even with the huge mass of data, getting suitable information about the actual spatio-temporal context of the analyzed biological network is not easy. In this paper we present a new conception and first results of analyzing the measured data by a recurrent artificial neural network with similar parameters as the biological network. The signals of the biological network transfer into the artificial one and the balanced artificial network becomes a part of the dynamics of the biological network. The artificial network is more transparent for advanced methods to analyze synchronous firing patterns (i.e., polychronization) and may also generate adequate feedback signals to the biological network for using as a recurrent neurointerface.
Accuracy of central neuro-imaging review of DIPG compared with histopathology in the International DIPG Registry (2021)

The accuracy and important role of central neuro-imaging review in confirming the diagnosis of DIPG is demonstrated.
Microsecond‐long flash photography of laser‐induced ablation of biliary and urinary calculi (1987)

High-speed flash photographs of laser-induced fragmentation of biliary and renal calculi under water were obtained using one-microsecond-long dye-laser pulses for both illumination and ablation. The photographs show the presence of a bubble with irregularities on the surface that suggest the early presence of debris or microbubbles. Fragmentation occurs before the bubble collapses, suggesting that fragmentation is due to laser-induced acoustic transients rather than to collapse of a laser-induced cavitation bubble.
Fault Detection and Isolation in Industrial Processes Using Deep Learning Approaches (2019)

Automated fault detection is an important part of a quality control system. It has the potential to increase the overall quality of monitored products and processes. The fault detection of automotive instrument cluster systems in computer-based manufacturing assembly lines is currently limited to simple boundary checking. The analysis of more complex nonlinear signals is performed manually by trained operators, whose knowledge is used to supervise quality checking and manual detection of faults. We present a novel approach for automated Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) based on deep learning. The approach was tested on data generated by computer-based manufacturing systems equipped with local and remote sensing devices. The results show that the approach models the different spatial/temporal patterns found in the data. The approach can successfully diagnose and locate multiple classes of faults under real-time working conditions. The proposed method is shown to outperform other established FDI methods.
Evidence for distinct dehydrogenase and isomerase sites within a single 3.beta.-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/5-ene-4-ene isomerase protein (1991)

Complementary DNA encoding human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/5-ene-4-ene isomerase (3 beta-HSD) has been expressed in transfected GH4C1 with use of the cytomegalovirus promoter. The activity of the expressed protein clearly shows that both dehydrogenase and isomerase enzymatic activities are present within a single protein. However, such findings do not indicate whether the two activities reside within one or two closely related catalytic sites. With use of [3H]-5-androstenedione, the intermediate compound in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) transformation into 4-androstenedione by 3 beta-HSD, the present study shows that 4MA (N,N-diethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5 alpha-androstane-17 beta-carboxamide) and its analogues inhibit DHEA oxidation competitively while they exert a noncompetitive inhibition of the isomerization of 5-androstenedione to 4-androstenedione with an approximately 1000-fold higher Ki value. The present results thus strongly suggest that dehydrogenase and isomerase activities are present at separate sites on the 3 beta-HSD protein. In addition, using 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol as substrates for dehydrogenase activity only, we have found that dehydrogenase activity is reversibly and competitively inhibited by 4MA. Such data suggest that the irreversible step in the transformation of DHEA to 4-androstenedione is due to a separate site possessing isomerase activity that converts the 5-ene-3-keto to a much more stable 4-ene-3-keto configuration.
Gain Switching for a Detection System to Accommodate a Newly Developed MALDI-Based Quantification Method (2017)

In matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), matrix-derived ions are routinely deflected away to avoid problems with ion detection. This, however, limits the use of a quantification method that utilizes the analyte-to-matrix ion abundance ratio. In this work, we will show that it is possible to measure this ratio by a minor instrumental modification of a simple form of MALDI-TOF. This involves detector gain switching. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Continued search for better prediction of aided speech understanding in multi-talker environments (2017)

To better understand issues of hearing-aid benefit during natural listening, this study examined the added demand placed by the goal of understanding speech over the more typically studied goal of simply recognizing speech sounds. The study compared hearing-aid benefit in two conditions, and examined factors that might account for the observed benefits. In the phonetic condition, listeners needed only identify the correct sound to make a correct response. In the semantic condition, listeners had to understand what they had heard to respond correctly, because the answer did not include any keywords from the spoken speech. Hearing aids provided significant benefit for listeners in the phonetic condition. In the semantic condition on the other hand, there were large inter-individual differences, with many listeners not experiencing any benefit of aiding. Neither a set of cognitive and linguistic tests, nor age, could explain this variability. Furthermore, analysis of psychometric functions showed that enhancement of the target speech fidelity through improvement of signal-to-noise ratio had a larger impact on listeners' performance in the phonetic condition than in the semantic condition. These results demonstrate the importance of incorporating naturalistic elements in the simulation of multi-talker listening for assessing the benefits of intervention in communication success.
In Situ Formation of Porous Poly(methyl methacrylate) Space Maintainers for Craniofacial Complex Regeneration (2010)

Introduction Injuries resulting from craniofacial trauma remain a difficult problem to repair surgically due to the complex nature of the craniofacial complex, the risks of infection posed by trauma, and the proximity to the oral cavity. Space maintainers are used to prevent wound contracture while allowing soft tissue to regenerate and prime the wound site for delayed definitive repair using a bone graft or flap. Porous materials provide additional means to enhance soft tissue regeneration as a drug delivery vehicle. In a previous study, prefabricated porous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) implants, made using an aqueous carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) gel as a porogen, promoted soft tissue regeneration and produced a favorable immune response.[1] Additionally, both PMMA and CMC are currently regulated by the FDA and thus may provide rapid translation to clinical use. This study characterizes the mucosal repair and tissue response to porous space maintainers made from PMMA and CMC intraoperatively. In this study, solid and porous PMMA implants were intraoperatively mixed and placed into a rabbit mandibular defect where porous PMMA implants were hypothesized to result in better mucosal healing and soft tissue response. Material and Methods Implant Fabrication Solid implants were created by mixing the powder and liquid phases of a clinical grade bone cement (Depuy Orthopaedics) in the manufacturer’s recommended ratio. Porous PMMA implants were created by mixing 9 wt% aqueous solution of CMC, which comprised 30 wt% of the total construct, with the powder phase of the clinical grade bone cement. The liquid monomer phase of the cement was added once the powder was evenly dispersed in the gel. Solid and porous implants were mixed at the time of surgery and placed into the mandibular defect. Surgical Procedure A nonhealing mandibular defect was created in 22 male skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits. Briefly, a 10 mm trephine was used to cut a bicortical defect in the mandible. A 1 mm cutting bur was used to create a 2-3 mm notch in the superior side of the defect with removal of the overlying tooth exposing the defect to the oral cavity. The implant was then created and placed in the defect and a titanium plate was secured over the defect. The rabbits received a soft diet for 12 weeks and were then euthanized for sample extraction and analysis. Analysis All samples were evaluated grossly and histologically for soft tissue coverage and tissue-implant response, respectively, with n=10 for each group. Two animals were euthanized before 12 weeks due to unrelated disease and were thus excluded from the analysis. Results Gross analysis revealed that porous implants had better mucosal healing over the defect with 7 out of 10 samples healed and 4 out of 10 for solid implants as shown in
Antitumoural activity of Cystoseira species: Insights into the mechanism of action (2014)

Brown algae are a rich source of secondary metabolites displaying a wide variety of bioactivities. In this work, four organic extracts (hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) from three Cystoseira species (C. humilis, C. tamariscifolia and C. usneoides) were screened for their total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA) against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals, and in vitro cytotoxic activity against human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. C. tamariscifolia hexane extract (CTH) displayed the highest TPC and RSA, and the most effective cytotoxic activity (IC50= 2.31 µg/mL), and was further evaluated in four human tumoural cell lines, namely HeLa, AGS, HCT-15 and SH-SY5Y cells, as well as two non-tumoural cell lines: murine stromal S17 and human umbilical vein endothelial HUVEC cells. CTH strongly and selectively reduced the viability of all cell lines, especially when compared with HUVEC cells. The decrease in cell viability was associated with apoptosis in HepG2 cells. CTH was submitted to a bio-guided fractionation until the isolation of the major compounds of the bioactive fraction was achieved. This led to the isolation of two compounds, which exhibited in vitro cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells. Moreover, cytotoxicity was shown to be due to apoptosis through annexin V-FITC staining. In addition, the two compounds completely disrupted the normal cell cycle and altered the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as p53, PARP, Bcl-2 and procaspase-3. These results suggest that Cystoseira species can be a promising source of interesting compounds with potential biomedical applications.