gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Relational Contracts for Quality Enforcement in Supply Chains (2018)

We model the interaction of a single buyer with a single supplier within a market in a developing country with homogeneous local suppliers and homogeneous buyers from developed nations. The buyer sources a product from a supplier and then inspects and sells it on the market, subject to quality standards such as regulations about chemical content. Suppliers decide how much effort to exert to ensure compliance with quality standards. Buyers are assumed to comply with contracts because they are based in countries with strong legal systems. We assume that legal enforcement of the supplier’s contractual obligations is not possible. We model the interaction between buyer and supplier as a repeated game in which the partnership can be terminated by the buyer if the supplier refuses to pay penalties for quality violations. After termination, the buyer and supplier each search for a new business partner. We model the interaction between buyer and supplier using relational contacts in which penalties for quality failures are set so that the supplier voluntarily pays them. We show that optimal relational contracts have dynamic form in this setting because the value of the outside option available to the parties, if the relationship is terminated, is determined by the contract terms. We characterize the properties of the optimal dynamic equilibria and analyze the use of third-party quality certifications within this framework. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2990 . This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Ceria–Zirconia Nanoparticles as an Enhanced Multi‐Antioxidant for Sepsis Treatment (2017)

Abstract The two oxidation states of ceria nanoparticles, Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ , play a pivotal role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, Ce 3+ is largely responsible for removing O 2 − and . OH that are associated with inflammatory response and cell death. The synthesis is reported of 2 nm ceria–zirconia nanoparticles (CZ NPs) that possess a higher Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ ratio and faster conversion from Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ than those exhibited by ceria nanoparticles. The obtained Ce 0.7 Zr 0.3 O 2 (7CZ) NPs greatly improve ROS scavenging performance, thus regulating inflammatory cells in a very low dose. Moreover, 7CZ NPs are demonstrated to be effective in reducing mortality and systemic inflammation in two representative sepsis models. These findings suggest that 7CZ NPs have the potential as a therapeutic nanomedicine for treating ROS‐related inflammatory diseases.
Mapping of pseudouridine residues on cellular and viral transcripts using a novel antibody-based technique (2021)

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is the most common noncanonical ribonucleoside present on mammalian noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including rRNAs, tRNAs, and snRNAs, where it contributes ∼7% of the total uridine level. However, Ψ constitutes only ∼0.1% of the uridines present on mRNAs and its effect on mRNA function remains unclear. Ψ residues have been shown to inhibit the detection of exogenous RNA transcripts by host innate immune factors, thus raising the possibility that viruses might have subverted the addition of Ψ residues to mRNAs by host pseudouridine synthase (PUS) enzymes as a way to inhibit antiviral responses in infected cells. Here, we describe and validate a novel antibody-based Ψ mapping technique called photo-crosslinking-assisted Ψ sequencing (PA-Ψ-seq) and use it to map Ψ residues on not only multiple cellular RNAs but also on the mRNAs and genomic RNA encoded by HIV-1. We describe 293T-derived cell lines in which human PUS enzymes previously reported to add Ψ residues to human mRNAs, specifically PUS1, PUS7, and TRUB1/PUS4, were inactivated by gene editing. Surprisingly, while this allowed us to assign several sites of Ψ addition on cellular mRNAs to each of these three PUS enzymes, Ψ sites present on HIV-1 transcripts remained unaffected. Moreover, loss of PUS1, PUS7, or TRUB1 function did not significantly reduce the level of Ψ residues detected on total human mRNA below the ∼0.1% level seen in wild-type cells, thus implying that the PUS enzyme(s) that adds the bulk of Ψ residues to human mRNAs remains to be defined.
Comparative Analysis between Retrosigmoid Approach and Lateral Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approaches along the Lateral Surface of the Pontomesencephalic Junction: A Different Perspective (2007)

Introduction: Pathologies confined to the upper brainstem pose challenges to the neurosurgeon. Quantitative analysis of the surgical exposure and angle of attack for retrosigmoid (RS), lateral supracerebellar (SC), and extreme lateral supracerebellar (EL) approaches to the pontomesencephalic junction is presented.
A monolithic 0.77W/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; power dense capacitive DC-DC step-down converter in 90nm Bulk CMOS (2011)

A fully integrated capacitive DC-DC converter reporting an output power of 1.65W in a standard 90nm Bulk CMOS process is realized. This converter implements a 2:1 voltage step-down conversion from twice the nominal technology supply voltage. Peak power conversion efficiency was measured to be 69%. The chip measures 2.14mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including 12nF implemented in standard available MOS capacitors. These baseline MOS capacitors, along with the introduced Flying Well approach and the Intrinsic Charge Recycling approach, result in a maximum power density of 0.77W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The converter is controllable through an on-chip voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) generating the clock signals for each of the 21 interleaved converter cores of this multiphase implementation. The implemented core interleaving allows for an output voltage ripple smaller than 8% of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> without any dedicated output smoothing capacitor, saving die area and thus boosting the power density.
Raman scattering gain in DOO-PPV films (1997)

We have investigated the optical emission characteristics of poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) (DOO-PPV) thin films under high intensity ps pulsed laser excitation (I<SUB>pump</SUB> &gt; 1 MW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). We observed that the emission spectrum consist of a spectrally narrowed emission (SNE) band (FWHM approximately 10 nm) and superimposed sharp spectral lines. High resolution spectral measurements conducted at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures show that the spectral width of these lines is less than 1 nm. The lines peak positions are independent of film thickness, however, they shift upon changing the excitation wavelength. Also, the excitation intensity dependence of these narrow lines is found to be different from that of the SNE band. We argue that the narrow lines are due to Raman scattering gain of the 1<SUP>st</SUP>, 2<SUP>nd</SUP> and 3<SUP>d</SUP> order Raman active modes of DOO-PPV.
Boolean functions over nano-fabrics: Improving resilience through coding (2010)

This paper determines mechanisms to tackle errors when implementing Boolean functions in nano-circuits. Nano-fabrics are expected to have very high defect rates as atomic variations directly impact such materials. This paper develops a coding mechanism that uses a combination of cheap but unreliable nano-device as the main function and reliable but expensive CMOS devices to implement the coding mechanism. The unique feature of this paper is that it exploits the don't-cares that naturally occur in Boolean functions to construct better codes. The reliable Boolean function problem is cast as a constraint satisfaction problem and then solved using a tree-based dynamic programming algorithm.
In vitro accommodation of porcine endothelial cells by low dose human anti‐pig antibody: Reduced binding of human lymphocytes by accommodated cells associated with increased nitric oxide production (1998)

Transplanted xenografts, protected from rejection by depletion of xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA) and complement, can sometimes survive when complement levels and titres of anti-graft antibodies return to baseline; this phenomenon is called accommodation. We have previously reported that low concentrations of human IgG induce a change in the phenotype of immortalised porcine endothelial cells (IPEC) consistent with the development of accommodation. The cells acquired a resistance to lysis by human complement and showed a reduced expression of VCAM. In this study, we extend these findings by showing that VCAM expression falls on several IPEC clones and on primary porcine endothelial cells. Moreover, we show that these accommodated cells bind fewer human lymphocytes compared to controls, implying that leukocyte traffic through accommodated endothelium may be altered compared to that through normal endothelium. Finally we show that during the induction of accommodation, porcine endothelial cells produce greater amounts of nitric oxide than controls, due to the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We speculate that nitric oxide may be an important mediator in accommodation.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cyclobutyl Analogues of Nucleosides. Part 2. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 2‐Amino‐7‐(3,3‐bis‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclobut‐1‐yl)‐3H,7H‐pyrrolo (2,3‐d)pyrimidin‐4‐one and of Cyclobutyl Analogues of the Pyrimidine Nucleosides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Non‐affine fiber kinematics in arterial mechanics: a continuum micromechanical investigation (2018)

Abstract There is growing experimental evidence for non‐affine deformations occurring in different types of fibrous soft tissues; meaning that the fiber orientations do not follow the macroscopic deformation gradient. Suitable mathematical modeling of this phenomenon is an open challenge, which we here tackle in the framework of continuum micromechanics. From a rate‐based analogon of Eshelby's inhomogeneity problem, we derive strain and spin concentration tensors relating macroscopic strain rate tensors applied to the boundaries of a Representative Volume Element (RVE), to strain rates and spins within the tissue microstructure, in particular those associated with fiber rotations due to external mechanical loading. After presenting suitable algorithms for integrating the resulting rate‐type governing equations, a first relevance check of the novel modeling approach is undertaken, by comparison of model results to recent experiments performed on the adventitia layer of rabbit carotid tissue.
IC‐02‐02: Genome‐Wide Polygenic Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease is Associated with Rate of Metabolic Decline But Not with Rate of Amyloid Deposition (2016)

Genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) summarize a person’s genetic risk for a disease or trait in a single score. While there is strong evidence for an association of the GPS for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with AD diagnosis, little is known about the effect of polygenic risk on AD biomarkers. In this work we investigated the link between the AD-GPS and brain metabolism and amyloid deposition using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and florbetapir (AV45) PET, respectively. For computing the AD-GPS we relied on the results of the International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project (IGAP) genome wide association study (GWAS) comprising 54,162 subjects. We computed the AD-GPS for white, non-Hispanic subjects from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, who did not contribute to the IGAP GWAS. To include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) into the score we applied different P-value cutoffs ranging from 1e-5 to 0.95. SNPs in the extended APOE locus were excluded from the GPS. We obtained longitudinal measures for FDG PET in five ROIs (posterior cingulate cortex; left and right temporal pole; left and right angular gyrus) for 831 subjects and longitudinal measures for AV45 PET in a whole brain ROI for 742 subjects from the ADNI website. Linear mixed effects models were used to model the effect of the AD-GPS on longitudinal changes in both biomarkers. Models were corrected for age, sex, baseline diagnosis (healthy control [HC]; mild cognitive impairment [MCI]; AD) and APOE4 status. There was no association between AD-GPS and rate of amyloid deposition (P>0.05; Figure 1), while APOE4 status was highly significant (P=6.06e-8). Decline in glucose metabolism was significantly associated with AD-GPS (minimal P=1.99e-10). The overall effect was carried by the MCI group (Figure 2; minimal P=7.38e-11) and limited in the other two diagnostic groups (HC: minimal P=0.0037; AD: minimal P=0.085). The left temporal pole ROI showed the strongest association with AD-GPS. Association strength for different genome-wide polygenic scores and both PET modalities. The x-axis depicts the number of SNPs included in the score, i.e., lower P-value cutoffs lead to more SNPs, the y-axis shows the -log10 of the P-value for the GPS in the model. Top row: glucose metabolism in five ROIs using FDG PET. Bottom row: amyloid deposition using florbetapir PET. The first column shows the results for all subjects; column two only in APOE4 carriers; column three only in APOE4 non-carriers. Association strength by diagnosis group. Same as Figure 1 but grouped by diagnosis. HC: healthy control; MCI: mild cognitive impairment; AD: Alzheimer's disease. The AD-GPS, which excluded APOE, is strongly associated with rate of metabolic decline but not with rate of amyloid deposition. Thus, the polygenic risk may act on pathways independent of the amyloid pathology.
Glutamatergic Control of Striatal Dopamine Release in Normal Rats and 6‐OHDA Rats with Intrastriatal Grafts (1992)

Recent animal experiments suggest that transplanted neurons become integrated with the host brain. Neuroanatomical studies have shown that transplanted dopaminergic neurons can form synaptic connections on target cells in the host striatum. Other studies also have shown that grafted neurons not only innervate the host striatum but also receive afferent inputs from neurons of the host. However, little is known about the dynamic regulation of graft‐derived dopamine (DA) release by the host brain. In normal animals, cortical neuronal input to the striatum is carried mainly via glutamate (Glu) neurons. Interactions between DA and Glu in the striatum are shown by in vivo and in vitro studies. Using in vivo microdialysis, the present study was carried out in order to elucidate the effects of glutamatergic agonists and Glu blockade on DA release in the normal striatum and in the striatum of 6‐OHDA rats with dopamine grafts.
HIV-1 envelope-specific CD4+ T helper cells from simian/human immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys recognize epitopes restricted by MHC class II DRB1*0406 and DRB*W201 molecules (1997)

The HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific Th cell response of rhesus monkeys infected with nonpathogenic chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) was assessed at a molecular level by establishing rgp120-specific CD4+ T cell lines. Epitopes recognized by these MHC class II-restricted Th cells were identified within the second (C2), third (C3), and fifth (C5) conserved regions of HIV-1 gp120. The epitope located in C2 was found to be restricted by the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) leukocyte Ag Mamu-DRB1*0406, and the Th cell epitope in C5 was found to be restricted by Mamu-DRB*W201. The restriction element requirements of the C2 and C5 epitope-specific CD4+ Th cells appear to be rather stringent, because these peptide epitopes were not recognized in the presence of other Mamu-DR expressing cell lines. The ability to analyze HIV-1 Env-specific CD4+ T cell responses in SHIV-infected monkeys will enhance the utility of this model for studying AIDS pathogenesis and for assessing novel HIV-1 vaccine strategies.
A Convenient Access to Chiral Monofunctionalized Bicyclic Guanidinium Receptor Groups (1995)

An easy and high-yield route for the preparation of functional and chiral hexahydropyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidines 3 is described. Starting from known methioninol and 2-methylmercaptotetrahydropyrimidine 5, the target compounds, which may be useful as building blocks in the synthesis of polymodular molecular hosts, were obtained in over 50% total yield. As an example the iodo compound 20 was converted into the homoarginine analog 22 in 70% yield.
Parking Sensing and Information System: Sensors, Deployment, and Evaluation (2016)

This paper describes a smart parking sensing and information system that disseminates parking availability information to public users in a cost-effective and efficient manner. The hardware framework of the system is built on advanced wireless sensor networks and cloud service over the Internet, and the system is highly scalable. The parking information provided to the users is set in the form of occupancy rates and expected cruising time. Both are obtained from an analytical algorithm that processes historical and real-time data and are then visualized in a color theme. The entire parking system is deployed and extensively evaluated at Stanford University, California, Parking Structure 1.
Gene expression of ornithine decarboxylase in L1210 leukaemia cells exposed to <scp>dl</scp>-2-difluoromethylornithine in the presence of cadaverine (1985)

Cultured mouse L1210 leukaemia cells treated with DL-2-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), in the presence of micromolar concentrations of cadaverine, started to overproduce ornithine decarboxylase after an exposure of several weeks. The more than 60-fold excess of the enzyme protein in the drug-treated cells apparently resulted from a strikingly enhanced accumulation of mRNA for the enzyme associated with only a modest (about 2-fold) gene amplification.
Defect-tolerant molecular electronics (2003)

The integrated circuit, manufactured by optical lithography, has driven the computer revolution for three decades. If we are to continue to build complex systems of ever-smaller components, we must find a new technology that will allow massively parallel construction of electronic circuits at the atomic scale. Our Hewlett-Packard and University of California research team is currently developing the molecular electronics building blocks and computer aided design algorithms for a defect-tolerant reconfigurable architecture which allows one to electrically download the designed complexity of a computer into a chemically assembled regular but imperfect nanostructure.
Con2KG-A Large-scale Domain-Specific Knowledge Graph (2019)

This paper presents Con2KG, a large-scale recruitment domain Knowledge Graph that describes 4 million triples as facts from 250 thousands of unstructured data of job postings. We propose a novel framework for Knowledge Graph construction from unstructured text and an unsupervised, dynamically evolving ontology that helps Con2KG to capture hierarchical links between the entities missed by explicit relational facts in the triples. To enrich our graph, we include entity context and its polarity. Towards this end, we discuss Con2KG applications that may benefit the recruitment domain.
Color morphology-like operators based on color geometric shape characteristics (2003)

Mathematical morphology is based on two infimum- and respectively, supremum-commuting operations (the erosion and the dilation). In the scalar case, these operations are obviously the minimum and maximum. In the vector-valued case, minimum and maximum cannot be easily defined. Pixels within color images are described by three-component vectors, and thus the mathematical morphology is difficult to introduce for colors. We propose pseudo-morphology based on reduced ordering of colors (associate a scalar to each color, order the scalars and impose their ranking to their corresponding colors). The approach has been widely investigated, by proposing different scalars (usually the same scalars as used for distance-based color image filtering). We propose the use of scalars issued as geometrical shape invariants for a triangle-representation of colors.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Ammonium p‐Toluenesulfonate. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hippocampal gamma oscillations increase with working memory load (2009)

Functional imaging has implicated a diverse network of brain regions supporting working memory—the capacity to maintain multiple item representations over brief intervals. However, considerable controversy surrounds the role of the hippocampus in working memory. To simultaneously examine both hippocampal and neocortical contributions to working memory, we recorded electroencephalographic activity from 1,454 widespread cortical and subcortical sites as 20 neurosurgical patients performed working memory tasks involving either letters or faces. These recordings revealed significant increases in 28‐128 Hz gamma oscillatory power and significant decreases in 4‐9 Hz theta oscillatory power with increasing memory load for both letters and faces. Sites exhibiting gamma increases with memory load appeared primarily in the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe, whereas those exhibiting decreases in theta activity appeared primarily in visual and temporal cortex. These findings implicate theta and gamma oscillatory activity in the maintenance of both letters and faces in working memory, and they provide the first direct evidence for modulation of hippocampal gamma oscillations in a working memory task.
Brush Border Membrane Vesicles from Rats and Gerbils Can Be Utilized to Evaluate the Intestinal Uptake of All-trans and 9-cis β-Carotene (1996)

Intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) have previously been used to investigate the absorptive processes of a wide variety of nutrients. The first objective of this work was to develop a BBMV system to study carotenoid uptake using rat small intestine. The uptake of all-trans beta-carotene by rat BBMV was linear up to 5.9 micromol/L, suggesting passive uptake at the concentrations used in this study. Both all-trans beta-carotene and 9-cis beta-carotene were taken up at a similar rate by the rat BBMV. The vesicle system was then utilized to investigate the uptake of retinol and beta-carotene by BBMV isolated from Mongolian gerbils which had been subjected to three different vitamin A depletion and refeeding protocols. Three groups of gerbils (n = 10/group) were fed vitamin A-deficient diets for 8 wk. One group was killed at that point (marginally depleted), a second group was refed vitamin A for 5 d and a third group was further depleted of vitamin A for 5 d. Pooled BBMV from the marginally depleted group demonstrated greater uptake of all-trans beta-carotene than pooled BBMV from the other two groups of gerbils while those from the group refed vitamin A for 5 d had greater uptake than the group that was depleted for 5 additional days (P < 0.01). In contrast, the uptake of retinol by BBMV was not significantly different among the three groups of gerbils. The results of the gerbil study suggest that as they become increasingly vitamin A deficient, impairment of all-trans beta-carotene uptake by intestinal mucosal cells may be taking place. The BBMV system should prove valuable for the evaluation of the intestinal mucosal cell membrane uptake of carotenoids and retinoids under various nutritional conditions.