gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic Receptor Actions in Neonatal and Adult Rat Ventricular Myocytes (1995)

The physiological function of beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the neonatal and adult heart is incompletely understood, and possible age-dependent differences in beta 2-receptor actions have not been considered. We used isoproterenol (mixed beta 1- and beta 2-receptor agonist) and zinterol (beta 2-selective agonist) to compare beta-receptor subtype actions in neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes. When delivered as a bolus at a final concentration of 10(-7) mol/L, both isoproterenol and zinterol increased the amplitude and hastened the kinetics of the calcium and cell-shortening transients in neonatal myocytes. Under identical experimental conditions, isoproterenol increased the amplitude and accelerated the kinetics of the calcium transient and the twitch in adult myocytes, whereas zinterol did not. In the presence of CGP 20712A (beta 1-receptor blocker), a 100-fold higher concentration of zinterol increased the amplitude but prolonged the duration of the twitch in adult myocytes. To probe the mechanism for this age-dependent difference in beta 2-receptor responsiveness, we compared beta-receptor expression and stimulation of cAMP accumulation in neonatal and adult myocytes. beta-Receptor density was 44,339 +/- 5178 sites per cell in neonatal myocytes and 186,346 +/- 13,356 sites per cell in adult myocytes; the relative proportion of beta 2-receptors was comparable in each (16.7 +/- 2.3% and 16.9 +/- 0.9%, respectively). Isoproterenol induced a large increase in cAMP accumulation in neonatal and adult myocytes (20.0 +/- 1.0- and 20.6 +/- 2.6-fold over basal). In contrast, zinterol evoked a substantial increase in cAMP accumulation in neonatal myocytes but only a minor increase in adult myocytes. These studies provide evidence that at low agonist concentrations, beta 2-receptor activation contributes to the positive inotropic response by increasing cAMP and increasing the amplitude and hastening the kinetics of the twitch in neonatal, but not adult, myocytes. Moreover, these results suggest that age-dependent differences in beta 2-receptor coupling to more distal elements in the signaling cascade can influence myocyte beta 2-receptor responsiveness.
Identifying Risk Management Locations for Synthetic Natural Gas Plant Using Pipe Stress Analysis and Finite Element Analysis (2017)

최근 합성천연가스(synthetic natural gas, SNG)의 사용과 합성천연가스를 생산하는 플랜트의 실증 운영이 증가하고 있다. SNG 플랜트는 다양하게 개발된 여러 합성 공정 기술이 적용되고 있으며, 이러한 공정의 특성상 고온, 고압의 운전 조건을 가진다. 기존 여러 연구들은 주로 합성천연가스 생산을 위한 화학적 합성 공정의 변수와 공정 최적화에 대한 연구에 집중되어 왔다. 이에 비해, 기존 산업 플랜트와는 다소 차별되는, 공정 특성으로 인한 SNG 플랜트의 기계적 손상과 유지보수 기법에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 SNG플랜트의 주요 배관계통에 대해 ASME B31.3에 의거한 배관 시스템 응력 해석을 수행하였다. 또한 특이 부위에 대해 상세 국부 응력 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과로부터 배관 주요부위 중 파손 리스크가 높은 취약부의 위치를 선정하였다. 이 위치들은 배관 위험도 관리 대상으로 활용할 수 있다. 배관 시스템 응력 해석은 설계 운전조건과 실제 운전조건을 고려하여 수행되었다. 배관 시스템 응력 해석을 통해 도출된 주요 부위에 대해서는 국부적 상세 응력 해석을 위해 유한 요소 해석이 수행되었다. 발생되는 상세 응력 값은 가스화 반응기 및 하부 곡관부 대한 ASME B31.3 코드 표준을 만족하였다. 하부 곡관부의 경우 수직 변위를 제한하는 것이 구조적으로 안전 향상에 좋을 것으로 파악되었다. 수행된 해석결과는 향후 위험도 기반 유지 보수 검사 및 안전 운영에 대해 기반 정보로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. While they are becoming more viable, synthetic natural gas (SNG) plants, with their high temperatures and pressures, are still heavily dependent on advancements in the state-of-the-art technologies. However, most of the current work in the literature is focused on optimizing chemical processes and process variables, with little work being done on relevant mechanical damage and maintenance engineering. In this study, a combination of pipe system stress analysis and detailed local stress analysis was implemented to prioritize the inspection locations for main pipes of SNG plant in accordance to ASME B31.3. A pipe system stress analysis was conducted for pre-selecting critical locations by considering design condition and actual operating conditions such as heat-up and cool-down. Identified critical locations were further analyzed using a finite element method to locate specific high-stress points. Resultant stress values met ASME B31.3 code standards for the gasification reactor and lower transition piece (bend Y in Fig.1); however, it is recommended that the vertical displacement of bend Y be restricted more. The results presented here provide valuable information for future risk based maintenance inspection and further safe operation considerations.
Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers Containing Polypropylene as the Middle Block (2020)

Abstract The synthesis of stereoregular telechelic polypropylene (PP) and their use to access triblock amphiphilic copolymers with the PP block located in the center is described. The strategy consists of selectively copolymerizing propylene and a di‐functional co‐monomer (1,3‐diisopropenylbenzene) to yield a α,ω‐substituted polypropylene. Initiation of the copolymerization favors insertion of DIB over propylene; propagation steps favor insertion of propylene. Termination via a chain‐transfer reaction yields the terminal unsaturation of the polymer. The telechelic polypropylene is then converted into α,ω‐hydroxyl‐terminated polypropylene and used as a macroinitiator for the synthesis of triblock copolymers. Water‐soluble amphiphilic triblock polymers are also synthesized. The use of catalytic reactions simultaneously provides the stereocontrol of the polypropylene and high productivity (multiple chains of block copolymer per metal center).
Figure S3 from Phosphorylated Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Is Associated with Clinical Benefit with Regorafenib in Relapsed Glioblastoma: REGOMA Trial Biomarker Analysis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Kaplan-Meier curves of overall survival (top) and progression free survival (bottom) according to pAMPK status&lt;/p&gt;
A preliminary analysis of TCP performance in an enterprise network (2010)

Although TCP behavior is one of the most studied aspects of Internet traffic, little is known about TCP performance within modern enterprise networks. In this paper we analyze aspects of TCP performance observed in packet traces taken over four months from a mediumsized enterprise. We assess the prevalence of broken TCP transactions, applications used, throughput of TCP connections, and phenomena that influence performance, such as retransmissions, out-of-order delivery, and packet corruption. While much remains to explore, this work represents a first step towards understanding TCP performance in the under-studied environment. 1
Study of the biological effectiveness of a nanosilver-epidermal growth factor sustained-release carrier (2013)

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the biological effectiveness and character of a nanosilver-epidermal growth factor (EGF) sustained-release carrier. This was synthesized using the self-assembly method and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV spectrophotometry. The biological activity of the sustained release carrier was determined through cytological, bacteriological and wound-healing experiments. The results showed that the nanosilver-EGF sustained-release carrier was well dispersed with uniform particle size and that it had good antibacterial properties similar to those of nanosilver. The nanosilver-EGF sustained-release carrier is superior to EGFs in effectively promoting cell division and proliferation. The results of the wound-healing experiments provide evidence of its curative effects.
Skylight Polarization Patterns and Animal Orientation (1982)

ABSTRACT Although many invertebrate animals orient by means of ultraviolet sky-light polarization patterns, existing measurements of these patterns are inadequate for full analysis of the biologically relevant information available from the sky. To fill this gap we have used a precision scanning polarimeter to measure simultaneously the intensity, degree, and direction of vibration (E-vector orientation) of polarized light at 5° intervals over the sky. The resulting sky maps were constructed for u.v. (350 nm) and visible wavelengths (500 and 650 nm) under a variety of atmospheric conditions. Our measurements confirmed that the patterns of radiance and degree of polarization of skylight are highly variable and hence unreliable as orientation cues; but patterns of E-vector orientation are relatively stable and predictable over most of the sky under all but very hazy or overcast conditions. The observed E-vector patterns correspond more closely to predictions based on first order (Rayleigh) scattering at 650 and 500 nm than at 350 nm. This is true both in terms of absolute accuracy and the proportion of the sky with relatively ‘correct’ information. Yet most insects respond to polarization patterns only at u.v. wavelengths. This apparent paradox can perhaps be resolved by assuming that there is no great selective advantage for any particular wavelength when large areas of blue sky are visible, but that under special and difficult conditions ultraviolet has advantages over longer wave-lengths. Measurements under partially cloud-covered sky, for instance, or under extensive vegetation, show that both spuriously polarized and un-polarized light resulting from reflexions present more troublesome interference at longer wavelengths than in the u.v. The accuracy of orientation achieved by dancing honey bees appears to be greater than can readily be accounted for by assuming that they use a strictly geometrical or analytical processing system for their orientation to polarized light.
A MUD-Enhanced Multi-Beam Approach for Increasing Throughput of Dense Wireless Networks (2020)

Uncoordinated random access (URA) wireless communication schemes provide an attractive framework to enable the necessary communication backbone for the advancement of dense sensor systems, many sensors deployed in a relatively small area. By itself, URA is unsuitable for moderately dense networks due to the crippling levels of interference that result from within the communication network. Digital beamforming has been proposed to alleviate intra-URA-network interference with a post-reception formation of multiple simultaneous beams that allow a single receiver to “hear” only the transmissions meant for it and to block out all others. A high density network can result in interference originating from the same direction which cannot be mitigated with beamforming. We propose the addition of post-beamformed multiuser detection (MUD) with the use of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) waveforms to help further combat the interference problem. Motivated by practical design choices such as transceiver weight and size as well as operational expectations of variable and/or evolving node densities, we explore trades between the DSSS time-spreading factor, number of antennas per node, and network node density. Our results show throughput improvements with the addition of MUD, while the most improvements are with the addition of MUD paired with an appropriate choice of spreading factor. Insights from these results provide guidelines for the development of future systems not only aided by MUD and beamforming, but also by on-the-fly adaptation of the DSSS signature waveform time-spreading factor to mitigate the level of interference present at any time.
Cryptophycins - Highly cytotoxic depsipeptides - Highlights, challenges, and recent advances (2008)

Many of today's most efficient anticancer chemotherapeutics interfere with microtubule dynamics. They prevent microtubules from forming correct mitotic spindles, therefore cause an arrest of the cell-division cycle and eventually trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Prominent examples of these type of drugs are the Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, and epothilones. Among newly discovered agents with a microtubule-destabilizing mechanism of action, the cryptophycins are highly promising drug candidates, since their biological activity is not negatively affected by P-glycoprotein, a drug efflux system commonly found in multiply drug resistant cancer cell lines. This short account is intended to outline the currently known biological activity profile of cryptophycins, as well as the state of the art in cryptophycin synthesis. Focus is placed on the most recent and successful strategies to assemble the structurally challenging unit A and its benzylic epoxide function.
A Dielectrophoretic Method for High Yield Deposition of Suspended, Individual Carbon Nanotubes with Four-Point Electrode Contact (2007)

We have investigated new methods to manufacture four-point contacted suspended, individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes by dielectrophoresis. The necessity of four-point contacted carbon nanotubes is underpinned by the need for more exact measurements of carbon nanotube properties and more complex carbon nanotube based devices. In the experimental study herein, we first evaluated the most important dielectrophoretic parameters of two-point electrode structures. The knowledge gained from this step was applied to the deposition of suspended, individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes over two different four-point electrode designs, a 2-D chip design and a novel 3-D chip design. Our results show that the novel approach using three dimensions for the chip design is superior to the current state of the art 2-D designs. We report a highly improved deposition yield of carbon nanotubes over 3-D chips, which will facilitate the reliable design and manufacturing of future carbon nanotube-integrated devices.
AoA based analysis of vector sensor receiver for underwater acoustic communications (2017)

In this paper, we analyze a compact vector sensor receiver using angle of arrival (AoA) framework which was recently proposed by Fauziya et. al. We demonstrate that this receiver performs better than a scalar receiver at no extra computational cost. The receiver exploits the inherent capability of a vector sensor to provide spatial diversity without the use of a sensor array. The paper also discuss a compressive sensing based channel estimator that performs better than a least squares estimator. Channel estimation is performed using a training sequence and the simulation clearly bring out the superior performance of the compressive sensing based channel estimator and that of the vector sensor based compact receiver.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Kv1.3 Channels Mark Functionally Competent CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Specificity of Kv1.3 antibodies&lt;/p&gt;
Millimeter wave antenna array based on dielectric-filled waveguides (2017)

This paper presents components based on metallic dielectric-filled waveguides (DFWG) for antenna arrays. Air-filled waveguide feeding networks have low losses but the spacing between the elements of the array cannot be half-a-wavelength which is required for the grating lobe free radiation patterns. By filling the waveguides with dielectric material, the physical dimensions can be decreased. Three prototypes are developed for the lower E-band (71-76 GHz): a transition from DFWG to the standard WR-12 waveguide, a single antenna element based on the DFWG, and a 1×4 linear antenna array. The prototypes are manufactured and measured. The measured insertion loss of the structure with two transitions is 1.3-2 dB at the desired frequency range. The measured realised gain for the single element is 7-9 dBi at the desired band.
MIMO-OFDM Radar Using a Linear Frequency Modulated Carrier to Reduce Sampling Requirements (2018)

The requirement of fast analog-to-digital (AD) and digital-to-analog (DA) converters is a challenge for high-resolution orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radars. This paper introduces a method to increase the modulation bandwidth of an OFDM signal by using an additional frequency modulated continuous wave carrier to reduce the requirements for the AD/DA converters while maintaining a high unambiguous velocity range. Multiplexing of transmit antennas with OFDM is still possible with the combined modulation. The presented approach is verified by simulations and measurements. A reduction of AD/DA converter bandwidth by factor eight is achieved.
Screening study for potential lead compounds for natural product‐based fungicides: I. Synthesis and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of coumarins against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> (2004)

An efficient, one-pot synthesis of angular and linear dihydropyranocoumarins, along with C-6 and C-8 prenylated coumarins is reported. These compounds, together with single- and furanocoumarins, were tested for their potential antifungal activity against the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr. The results show that furanocoumarins may be able to control the fungus B cinerea.
Closed-form max-min power control for some cellular and cell-free massive MIMO networks (2022)

Many common instances of power control problems for cellular and cell-free massive MIMO networks can be interpreted as max-min utility optimization problems involving affine interference mappings and polyhedral constraints. We show that these problems admit a closed-form solution which depends on the spectral radius of known matrices. In contrast, previous solutions in the literature have been indirectly obtained using iterative algorithms based on the bisection method, or on fixed-point iterations. Furthermore, we also show an asymptotically tight bound for the optimal utility, which in turn provides a simple rule of thumb for evaluating whether the network is operating in the noise or interference limited regime. We finally illustrate our results by focusing on classical max-min fair power control for cell-free massive MIMO networks.
A monoclonal antibody detecting unusual Thy-1 determinants. (1982)

20-10-5S is a monoclonal antibody produced by the fusion of C3H anti-C3H.SW splenocytes with the SP2/0 cell line. The antibody appears to react with Thy-1 determinants by several criteria including cytotoxicity patterns, functional assays, genetic analyses, and competitive binding experiments. However, the antibody and the determinants it detects are unusual in that: 1) 20-10-5S is autoreactive; 2) the antibody shows allospecificity for Thy-1.2 vs Thy-1.1 antigens only on peripheral lymphocytes and not on thymocytes; and 3) the antibody reacts only with determinants on murine T cells and not with antigens on brain tissue or on rat thymocytes. It therefore seems that 20-10-5S reacts with murine T cell-specific Thy-1 determinants that are lost or modified during maturation of the cells on which they are expressed.
Antifibrotic properties of transarterial VSV oncolytic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in rats with TAA-induced liver fibrosis (2011)

We have previously reported that recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vectors are effective oncolytic agents, which can be administered via the hepatic artery in immune-competent rats to treat multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and result in significant prolongation of survival. However, the majority of clinical cases of HCC arise as a result of liver fibrosis, which poses an even greater challenge for treatment of the cancer as well as the underlying liver disease. To this end, syngeneic HCC cells were injected into the livers of rats harboring thioacetamide-induced fibrosis. We confirmed that VSV was able to access the tumor via hepatic arterial infusion and replicate to high titers and produce a similar oncolytic response in fibrotic livers as compared to healthy control animals. In addition to the absence of any detectable signs of hepatotoxicity, VSV therapy could confer an additional benefit in reversing the development of fibrosis through the repression of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Liver sections from rats treated with VSV were assigned lower Ishak fibrosis staging scores than buffer-treated counterparts, and morphometric analysis revealed a decrease in fibrotic liver content. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections revealed a co-localization of VSV with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker for activated HSCs. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed a reduction in α-SMA, TGF-β, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and pro-collagen mRNA in liver tissue following VSV therapy. These results were replicated in vitro in the human HSC cell line, LX-2, as well as primary HSCs, in which we further demonstrated that VSV replicates in and kills these cells in an HSC activation-dependent manner. Together, this work suggests that VSV virotherapy is not only safe and effective for the treatment of HCC in fibrotic livers, but it could potentially be developed as an anti-fibrotic agent for future clinical application.
Helly-Type Theorems in Property Testing (2018)

Helly’s theorem is a fundamental result in discrete geometry, describing the ways in which convex sets intersect with each other. If [Formula: see text] is a set of [Formula: see text] points in [Formula: see text], we say that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-clusterable if it can be partitioned into [Formula: see text] clusters (subsets) such that each cluster can be contained in a translated copy of a geometric object [Formula: see text]. In this paper, as an application of Helly’s theorem, by taking a constant size sample from [Formula: see text], we present a testing algorithm for [Formula: see text]-clustering, i.e., to distinguish between the following two cases: when [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-clusterable, and when it is [Formula: see text]-far from being [Formula: see text]-clusterable. A set [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-far [Formula: see text] from being [Formula: see text]-clusterable if at least [Formula: see text] points need to be removed from [Formula: see text] in order to make it [Formula: see text]-clusterable. We solve this problem when [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is a symmetric convex object. For [Formula: see text], we solve a weaker version of this problem. Finally, as an application of our testing result, in the case of clustering with outliers, we show that with high probability one can find the approximate clusters by querying only a constant size sample.
Critical infrastructure modeling: An approach to characterizing interdependencies of complex networks &amp;#x00026; control systems (2009)

Critical infrastructure control systems face many challenges entering the 21st century, including natural disasters, cyber attacks, and terrorist attacks. Revolutionary change is underway to solve many existing issues, including gaining greater situational awareness and resiliency through embedding modeling and advanced control algorithms in smart sensors and control devices instead of in a central controller. To support design, testing, and component analysis, a flexible simulation and modeling capability is needed. Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory are developing and evaluating such a capability through their CIPRsim modeling and simulation framework.
A digitally implemented preambleless demodulator for maritime and mobile data communications (2002)

The hardware design and software algorithms for a low-bit-rate, low-cost, all-digital preambleless demodulator are described. The demodulator operates under severe high-noise conditions, fast Doppler frequency shifts, large frequency offsets, and multipath fading. Sophisticated algorithms, including a fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based burst acquisition algorithm, a cycle-slip resistant carrier phase tracker, an innovative Doppler tracker, and a fast acquisition symbol synchronizer, were developed and extensively simulated for reliable burst reception. The compact digital signal processor (DSP)-based demodulator hardware uses a unique personal computer test interface for downloading test data files. The demodulator test results demonstrate a near-ideal performance within 0.2 dB of theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>